bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) induces apoptosis and autophagy of mouse GC‐1 spg cells
Authors: Gan Yu , Yang Dan , Yang Si , Wang Jinglei , Wei Jie , Chen Jiaxiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a widely used plasticizer in industry, di‐2‐ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) can cause testicular toxicity, yet little is known about the potential mechanism. In this study, DEHP exposure dramatically inhibited cellviability and induced apoptosis of mouse GC‐1 spg cells. Furthermore, DEHP significantly increased the levels of autophagy proteins LC3‐II, Beclin1 and Atg5, as well as the ratio ofLC3‐II/LC3‐I. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further confirmed that DEHP induced autophagy of mouse GC‐1 spg cells. DEHP was also shown to induceoxidative stress; while inhibition of oxidative stress with NAC could increase cell viability and inhibit DEHP‐induced apoptosis and autophagy. These results suggested that DEHP induced apoptosis and autophagy of mouse GC‐1 spg cells via oxidative stress. 3‐MA, an inhibitor of autophagy, could rescue DEHP‐induced apoptosis. In summary, DEHP induced apoptosis and autophagy of mouse GC‐1 spg cells via oxidative stress, and autophagy might exert a cytotoxic effect on DEHP‐induced apoptosis.
Ambidextrie – der organisationale Drahtseilakt
Authors: Schneeberger Simon Jonathan , Habegger Anja 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungSich disruptiv verändernde Rahmenbedingungen können dazu führen, dass bisher erfolgreiche Geschäftsmodelle innert weniger Jahren obsolet werden. Geschuldet ist dies einer mangelnden Anpassungsfähigkeit, deren Ursache unter anderem in der sogenannten Pfadabhängigkeit wurzeln kann. Die Pfadabhängigkeit bezeichnet eine Situation, in der die Auswirkungen von stark durch die Vergangenheit geprägten Entscheiden dazu führen, dass die Möglichkeit bzw. Notwendigkeit neuer Geschäftsmodelle nicht erkannt, verpasst oder deren Chancen falsch eingeschätzt werden. Das Ausbrechen aus der Pfadabhängigkeit ist für den Fortbestand von Unternehmen daher von zentraler Bedeutung. Das Konzept der organisationalen Ambidextrie widmet sich dieser Problemstellung. Ambidextrie beschreibt die Fähigkeit eines Unternehmens, einerseits das Kerngeschäft stetig weiterzuentwickeln, gleichzeitig aber auch neue Wege und Denkweisen zu etablieren und so sicherzustellen, dass Veränderungen im Umsystem rechtzeitig erkannt und die sich dadurch bietenden Chancen für die Zukunft genutzt werden. Eine Fähigkeit, die gerade im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung an Wichtigkeit gewinnt.
Symmetries, charges and conservation laws at causal diamonds in general relativity
Authors: Chandrasekaran Venkatesa , Prabhu Kartik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe study the covariant phase space of vacuum general relativity at the null boundary of causal diamonds. The past and future components of such a null boundary each have an infinite-dimensional symmetry algebra consisting of diffeomorphisms of the 2-sphere and boost supertranslations corresponding to angle-dependent rescalings of affine parameter along the null generators. Associated to these symmetries are charges and fluxes obtained from the covariant phase space formalism using the prescription of Wald and Zoupas. By analyzing the behavior of the spacetime metric near the corners of the causal diamond, we show that the fluxes are also Hamiltonian generators of the symmetries on phase space. In particular, the supertranslation fluxes yield an infinite family of boost Hamiltonians acting on the gravitational data of causal diamonds. We show that the smoothness of the vector fields representing such symmetries at the bifurcation edge of the causal diamond implies suitable matching conditions between the symmetries on the past and future components of the null boundary. Similarly, the smoothness of the spacetime metric implies that the fluxes of all such symmetries are conserved between the past and future components of the null boundary. This establishes an infinite set of conservation laws for finite subregions in gravity analogous to those at null infinity. We also show that the symmetry algebra at the causal diamond has a non-trivial center corresponding to constant boosts. The central charges associated to these constant boosts are proportional to the area of the bifurcation edge, for any causal diamond, in analogy with the Wald entropy formula.
Minimal D = 4 $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supergravity from D = 11: an M-theory free lunch
Authors: Larios Gabriel , Varela Oscar 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a new consistent truncation of D = 11 supergravity to D = 4

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 minimal gauged supergravity, on the seven-dimensional internal Riemannian space corresponding to the most general class of D = 11 solutions with an AdS4 factor and

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetry. A truncation ansatz is proposed and its consistency checked at the level of the D = 11 Bianchi identity, bosonic equations of motion, and supersymmetry variations of the gravitino. The general class includes an

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 AdS4 solution dual to the conformal, low-energy physics phase corresponding to a mass deformation of the M2-brane field theory. A consistent truncation recently constructed on this particular geometry is recovered from our formalism.
First demonstration of a new additive manufacturing process based on metal extrusion and solid-state bonding
Authors: Blindheim Jørgen , Welo Torgeir , Steinert Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a new additive manufacturing (AM) process based on extrusion and solid-state bonding is presented. The process uses metal feedstock wire which is processed in a continuous rotary extruder in order to disperse the surface oxides of the feedstock and to provide the required bonding pressure. Simultaneously, the die outlet is scraping the contact surface to provide an oxide-free interface between the extrudate and the substrate. Optical analyses of samples from a layered structure produced from AA6082 reveal that the stringers are fully merged; however, some voids and cracks are observed between the individual stringers. Still, this initial demonstration indicates that the process, upon further development, has high potential of producing near-net-shape parts at high deposition rates.
Time-resolved characterization of the mechanisms of toxicity induced by silica and amino-modified polystyrene on alveolar-like macrophages
Authors: Deville Sarah , Honrath Birgit , Tran Quynh T. D. , Fejer Gyorgy , Lambrichts Ivo , Nelissen Inge , Dolga Amalia M. , Salvati Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMacrophages play a major role in the removal of foreign materials, including nano-sized materials, such as nanomedicines and other nanoparticles, which they accumulate very efficiently. Because of this, it is recognized that for a safe development of nanotechnologies and nanomedicine, it is essential to investigate potential effects induced by nano-sized materials on macrophages. To this aim, in this work, a recently established model of primary murine alveolar-like macrophages was used to investigate macrophage responses to two well-known nanoparticle models: 50 nm amino-modified polystyrene, known to induce cell death via lysosomal damage and apoptosis in different cell types, and 50 nm silica nanoparticles, which are generally considered non-toxic. Then, a time-resolved study was performed to characterize in detail the response of the macrophages following exposure to the two nanoparticles. As expected, exposure to the amino-modified polystyrene led to cell death, but surprisingly no lysosomal swelling or apoptosis were detected. On the contrary, a peculiar mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization was observed, accompanied by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress), increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes of metabolic activity, ultimately leading to cell death. Strong toxic responses were observed also after exposure to silica, which included mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial depolarization and cell death by apoptosis. Overall, these results showed that exposure to the two nanoparticles led to a very different series of intracellular events, suggesting that the macrophages responded differently to the two nanoparticle models. Similar time-resolved studies are required to characterize the response of macrophages to nanoparticles, as a key parameter in nanosafety assessment.
Continuous production of Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles
Authors: Gerritzen Matthias J.H. , Stangowez Lilli , van de Waterbeemd Bas , Martens Dirk E. , Wijffels René H. , Stork Michiel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOuter membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoparticles secreted by Gram-negative bacteria that can be used for diverse biotechnological applications. Interesting applications have been developed, where OMVs are the basis of drug delivery, enzyme carriers, adjuvants, and vaccines. Historically, OMV research has mainly focused on vaccines. Therefore, current OMV production processes have been based on batch processes. The production of OMVs in batch mode is characterized by relatively low yields and high costs. Transition of OMV production processes from batch to continuous processes could increase the volumetric productivity, reduce the production and capital costs, and result in a higher quality product. Here, we study the continuous production ofNeisseria meningitidisOMVs to improve volumetric productivity. Continuous cultivation ofN.meningitidisresulted in a steady state with similar high OMV concentrations as are reached in current batch processes. The steady state was reproducible and could be maintained for at least 600 h. The volumetric productivity of a continuous culture reached 4.0 × 1014OMVs per liter culture per day, based on a dilution rate of 1/day. The tested characteristics of the OMVs did not change during the experiments showing feasibility of a continuous production process for the production of OMVs for any application.
Surgical Needs at the End of the Battle of Mosul: Results from Mosul General Hospital
Authors: Bäckström Fredrik , Bäckström Denise , Sadi Lin , Andersson Peter , Wladis Andreas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to analyze the surgical needs of patients seeking emergency care at the Mosul General Hospital in the final phase of the battle of Mosul in northern Iraq between an international military coalition and rebel forces. During the conflict, the International Red Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) supported the hospital with staff and resources. Ceasefire in the conflict was declared at the end of July 2017.MethodsRoutinely collected hospital data from the ICRC‐supported Mosul General Hospital from June 6, 2017, to October 1, 2017 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All patients with weapon‐related injuries as well as all patients with other types of injuries or acute surgical illness were included.ResultsSome 265 patients were admitted during the study period. Non‐weapon‐related conditions were more common than weapon‐related (55.1%). The most common non‐weapon‐related condition was appendicitis followed by hernia and soft tissue wounds. Blast/fragment was the most frequent weapon‐related injury mechanism followed by gunshot. The most commonly injured body regions were chest and abdomen. Children accounted for 35.3% of all weapon‐related injuries. Patients presented at the hospital with weapon‐related injuries more than 2 months after the official declaration of ceasefire. A majority of the non‐weapon‐related, as well as the weapon‐related conditions, needed surgery (88.1% and 87.6%, respectively). Few postoperative complications were reported.ConclusionsThe number of children affected by the fighting seems to be higher in this cohort compared to previous reports. Even several months after the fighting officially ceased, patients with weapon‐related injuries were presenting. Everyday illnesses or non‐weapon‐related injuries dominated. This finding underlines the importance of providing victims of conflicts with surgery for life‐threatening conditions, whether weapon related or not.
The impact of diet, body composition, and physical activity on child bone mineral density at five years of age—findings from the ROLO Kids Study
Authors: McVey Marco K. , Geraghty Aisling A. , O’Brien Eileen C. , McKenna Malachi J. , Kilbane Mark T. , Crowley Rachel K. , Twomey Patrick J. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bone health is extremely important in early childhood because children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at a greater risk of bone fractures. While physical activity and intake of both calcium and vitamin D benefit BMD in older children, there is limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of diet, physical activity, and body composition on BMD at five years of age. Dietary intakes and physical activity levels were measured through questionnaires. Whole body BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 102 children. Child weight, height, circumferences, skinfolds and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were assessed. There was no association between BMD and dietary calcium, dietary vitamin D, 25OHD, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour. Several measures of body composition were significantly positively associated with BMD; however, neither fat mass nor lean body mass was associated with BMD.
Conclusion: Although we found no association between self-reported dietary and lifestyle factors and bone health in early years, increased body size was linked with higher BMD. These findings are important as identifying modifiable factors that can improve bone health at a young age is of utmost importance.What is Known:• Bone health is extremely important in early childhood, as children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of bone fractures.• Physical activity has been found to be beneficial for bone health in adolescents, and body composition has also been associated with BMD in teenage years.• Limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood.What is New:• No association between self-reported lifestyle and dietary factors with bone health in early childhood.• Increased body size was associated with higher BMD at five years of age.
Extremal rank-one convex integrands and a conjecture of Šverák
Authors: Guerra André 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe show that, in order to decide whether a given probability measure is laminate, it is enough to verify Jensen’s inequality in the class of extremal non-negative rank-one convex integrands. We also identify a subclass of these extremal integrands, consisting of truncated minors, thus proving a conjecture made by Šverák (Arch Ration Mech Anal 119(4):293–300, 1992).
Investigating the impact of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) to help improve reading comprehension in low performing urban elementary schools
Authors: Vega Natalia , Stanfield James , Mitra Sugata 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the United States, literacy rates vary between socio-economic groups, and this reading gap is also a common feature in the education systems of OECD member states. To help address this reading gap previous research has identified a number of teaching strategies that have a positive impact on student learning outcomes, including the use of peer collaboration and complex texts. However, the contribution of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning to help address the reading gap for students attending low performing urban elementary schools has, to date, received much less attention and little is known about the ability of young students with access to the Internet to read complex texts in groups and how this impacts on individual reading comprehension scores. This study therefore examines the impact of combining the use of complex texts, collaborative learning and access to the internet on the reading comprehension scores of 58 fourth-grade students (ages 10-11). The students met once a week for an hour over six consecutive weeks and read under the following three conditions: eighth grade level texts independently, eighth grade level texts in groups with internet access and fourth grade level texts in groups with internet access. Our findings demonstrate that groups of young students with access to the internet are capable of reading complex texts with minimal teacher intervention. We also believe that this approach has the potential to help students develop both their offline and online reading comprehension skills.
Multivariate Landscape Analysis of Honey Bee Winter Mortality in Wallonia, Belgium
Authors: Van Esch Leen , De Kok Jean-Luc , Janssen Liliane , Buelens Bart , De Smet Lina , de Graaf Dirk C. , Engelen Guy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The European honey bee species (Apis mellifera L.) is under increasing pressure from anthropogenic and other stressors. Winter mortality of entire colonies is generally attributed to biological, environmental, and management conditions. The rates of winter mortality can vary extremely from place to place. A landscape approach is used here to examine the dependency between spatially distributed winter mortality rates, environmental and biological conditions, and apiary management. The analysis was applied to data for the region of Wallonia in Belgium with winter mortality rates obtained from the European project EPILOBEE. Potential explanatory variables were spatially allocated based on GIS analysis, and subjected to binomial linear regression to identify the most predominant variables related to bee winter mortality. The results point to infestation with Varroa, the number of frost days, the potential flying hours, the connectivity of the natural landscape, and the use of plant protection products as most dominant causes for the region of Wallonia. The outcomes of this study will help focus beekeeping and environmental management to improve bee health and the effectiveness of apiary practices. The approach surpasses application to the problem of bee mortality and could be used to compare and rank the causes of other environmental problems by their significance, particularly when these are interdependent and spatially differentiated.
Parenting Strategies Used by Parents of Children with ASD: Differential Links with Child Problem Behaviour
Authors: O’Nions Elizabeth , Ceulemans Eva , Happé Francesca , Benson Paul , Evers Kris , Noens Ilse 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Here, we explored the structure of the ‘Parenting Strategies Questionnaire’, a new scale designed to measure parenting strategies for problem behaviour in ASD. We then examined links between child behaviour and parenting in a sample of 222 predominantly-UK parents of ASD children exhibiting behaviour found difficult or challenging. Analysis revealed three parenting subscales: Accommodation, Reinforcement Approaches and Reducing Uncertainty. Both Accommodation and Reducing Uncertainty were linked to child problem behaviour. Child factors explained up to 29% of the variance in Accommodation, with Socially Inflexible Non-compliance the strongest predictor, and up to 24% of the variance in Reducing Uncertainty, with Intolerance of Uncertainty the strongest predictor. Child factors were not related to Reinforcement Approaches. Longitudinal studies investigating these relationships are needed.
Quality of Life Differences for Primary Immunodeficiency Patients on Home SCIG versus IVIG
Authors: Anterasian Christine , Duong Richard , Gruenemeier Peg , Ernst Carol , Kitsen Jessica , Geng Bob 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD) and antibody deficiency require lifelong immunoglobulin replacement therapy. While both subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy are effective in preventing infection, patients with PIDD still experience worse health-related quality of life (hrQOL) outcomes.

Objective
Assess differences in hrQOL for PIDD patients receiving home SCIG versus IVIG.

Methods
SF-36 surveys were administered by a specialty pharmacy to 630 PIDD patients receiving home SCIG and IVIG at baseline and then every 3 months between 2014 and 2016. Results were analyzed using two-sample t tests and linear mixed effects model. Analysis was repeated for different age categories and trended over time.

Results
Patients receiving SCIG reported statistically significant higher energy fatigue scores (+ 9 points, p < 0.001) but lower perceived role limitations due to physical health scores (− 14 points, p < 0.001). These differences were only observed in patients > 36 years of age. There were no differences in the composite SF-36 score for patients receiving SCIG versus IVIG (+ 1, p = 0.66). Immunoglobulin-naïve patients all improved their hrQOL, but a larger improvement was seen in those initiating SCIG versus IVIG.

Conclusion
Patients with PIDD on home IVIG versus SCIG have similar composite hrQOL scores as measured by the SF-36. In the adult population, initiating immunoglobulin replacement with SCIG may result in more hrQOL improvement compared with IVIG, although personal preferences should also be considered.

Clinical Implications
Patients with PIDD on home IVIG versus SCIG have similar composite health-related quality of life scores as measured by the SF-36.

Capsule Summary
Patients with primary immune-deficiency on home IVIG versus SCIG have similar composite health-related quality of life scores as measured by the SF-36. Personal preferences are important in deciding whether to treat with IVIG or SCIG.
A conceptual map of health-related quality of life dimensions: key lessons for a new instrument
Authors: Olsen Jan Abel , Misajon RoseAnne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) represent a critical metric in economic evaluations impacting key healthcare decisions in many countries. However, there is widespread disagreement as to which is the best of the health state utility (HSU) instruments that are designed to measure the Q in the QALY. Instruments differ in their descriptive systems as well as their valuation methodologies; that is, they simply measure different things. We propose a visual framework that can be utilized to make meaningful comparisons across HSU instruments.

Methods
The framework expands on existing HRQoL models, by incorporating four distinctive continua, and by putting HRQoL within the broader notion of subjective well-being (SWB). Using this conceptual map, we locate the five most widely used HSU-instruments (EQ-5D, SF-6D, HUI, 15D, AQoL).

Results
By individually mapping dimensions onto this visual framework, we provide a clear picture of the significant conceptual and operational differences between instruments. Moreover, the conceptual map demonstrates the varying extent to which each instrument moves outside the traditional biomedical focus of physical health, to also incorporate indicators of mental health and social well-being.

Conclusion

Our visual comparison provides useful insights to assess the suitability of different instruments for particular purposes. Following on from this comparative analyses, we extract some important lessons for a new instrument that cover the domains of physical, mental and social aspects of health, i.e. it is in alignment with the seminal 1948 WHO definition of health.