bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
683-P: Menstrual Cycle and Glycemic Differences during Prolonged, Fasting Exercise in Females with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: MCGAUGH SARAH M. , ZAHARIEVA DESSI , POONI RUBIN , D’SOUZA NINOSCHKA C. , YARDLEY JANE E. , RIDDELL MICHAEL 
Published: June 2020

Glycemic control may differ throughout the menstrual cycle, with increased incidence of hyperglycemia in the luteal phase. However, it is unclear if glycemic differences exist in the follicular vs. luteal phase during prolonged fasted exercise in T1D. The aim of this study was to determine if the early follicular vs. luteal phase impacts blood glucose levels during and post-exercise.
Females with T1D (n = 7, age 28±6 years, A1c 6.9±0.6%) completed two 2-hr aerobic exercise sessions (∼45% VO2peak), during the luteal (days 18-24) and early-follicular phases (days 1-6) of menstruation. Carbohydrate (CHO) intake (0.3g/kg/hr) occurred every 30-min if glucose was between 72-180 mg/dL.
No differences existed between the two phases for starting glucose, changes in glucose, CHO consumption and CHO oxidation during exercise (Table). Baseline glucagon was elevated in the luteal (28±25pg/mL) vs. follicular phase (13±12pg/mL; P&lt;0.05). Following exercise, overnight time in hyperglycemia (&gt;180 mg/dL) was greater in the luteal (59±44%) vs. follicular phase (21±30%; P&lt;0.05).
Overall, glycemic responses during prolonged fasting exercise are similar between luteal and follicular phases in women with T1D, as are CHO intake needs. However, after exercise in the luteal phase, glycemia tends to be elevated and appears to contribute to greater time in hyperglycemia.

Disclosure
S.M. McGaugh: None. D. Zaharieva: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Insulet Corporation, Medtronic. R. Pooni: None. N.C. D’Souza: None. J.E. Yardley: Research Support; Self; Abbott, Dexcom, Inc., LifeScan Canada. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc. M. Riddell: Advisory Panel; Self; Zucara Therapeutics Inc. Consultant; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Medtronic, Novo Nordisk A/S.
684-P: Associations between Self-Reported Symptoms and Physical Activity Measured by Accelerometer in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: ZHU BINGQIAN , KIM MIN JUNG , FRITSCHI CYNTHIA 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: Fatigue and sleep disturbance are common in adults with T2D. The symptoms carry contextual variations and may influence physical activity (PA). This study examined the associations between these symptoms and PA measured by an accelerometer.
Methods: Fifty-three T2D adults completed a 7-day period during which they wore an ActiGraph-GT3X on the non-dominant wrist and completed a diary each morning. The diary assessed prior-night sleep and fatigue level (0-10) and feeling rested (1-5) upon awakening. Daytime PA data from the ActiGraph-GT3X were scored following the Freedson algorithm, including sedentary behavior, light- and moderate-intensity PA. The repeated 7-day data were analyzed using linear mixed models including both inter- and intra-individual sleep and fatigue variables as predictors of PA.
Results: Participants were 60.3 (range 50-76) years and 29 (54.7%) were females. The mean values for fatigue and feeling rested were 3.1 (range 0-8.6) and 3.3 (range 1.6-5.0), respectively. Controlling for age, sex, BMI, and diabetes duration (estimate=-2.4, p=0.021), inter-individual fatigue and feeling rested were not related to moderate-intensity PA; however, intra-individual fatigue (estimate=-4.0, p=0.029) and feeling rested (estimate=8.0, p=0.045) upon awakening were significantly associated with moderate-intensity PA. There were no significant associations between other sleep variables (e.g., sleep duration and efficiency) and PA variables.
Conclusions: At the inter-individual level, fatigue and feeling rested were not related to moderate-intensity PA. In contrast, at the individual level, lower fatigue and more restful sleep were associated with higher levels of moderate-intensity physical activity. These findings highlight the importance of addressing both inter- and intra-individual effects of symptoms commonly reported by T2D patients on physical activity in research and clinical practice.

Disclosure
B. Zhu: None. M. Kim: None. C. Fritschi: None.

Funding
University of Illinois at Chicago; National Institute on Aging (P30AG022849)
693-P: Oxidative–Antioxidant Balance after Maximum Intensity Exercise in Men with Type 1 Diabetes Treated with a Personal Insulin Pump vs. Healthy Control
Authors: MATEJKO BARTłOMIEJ , TOTA ŁUKASZ , MORAWSKA MAłGORZATA , MROZINSKA SANDRA , PILCH WANDA , PALKA TOMASZ , KIEC-WILK BEATA , MALECKI MACIEJ , KLUPA TOMASZ 
Published: June 2020

One of the main reasons for the development of many diabetes complications is chronic hyperglycemia, which results in a number of mechanisms generating excessive production of reactive oxygen (ROS) and cause of avalanche growth of free radicals. Excessive production of ROS in the body or insufficient antioxidative barrier of the body can lead to intracellular damage. Intense physical exertion, may also violate the dynamic balance of prooxidants and antioxidants. The aim of the study was to verify the level of prooxidative-antioxidative balance in men with type 1 diabetes versus control group after maximum intensity exercise. The study included 30 men with type 1 diabetes treated with a personal insulin pumps aged 23.4 ± 5.1 with 11.4 ± 6.0 years of diabetes duration and mean HbA1c 7.2 ± 0.9%. 23 healthy men aged 24.7 ± 2.9 years were included in the control group. The march-running test on the treadmill to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was performed. Before and 60 minutes after the test total antioxidant status TAS (Immundiagnostik AG ImAnOx test, KC5200) and total prooxidative status TOS (test by Immundiagnostik AG PerOx, KC5100) in plasma were measured. The average level of VO2max (44.7 ± 5.7 vs. 56.0 ± 7.3) in the group of people with diabetes was significantly lower (p = 0.000) compared to the control group. Both before and after maximum exercise higher values of TOS levels (p = 0.000) was observed in patients with T1DM. The level of TAS before exercise was comparable in both groups, whereas after exercise it was significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.0000). In the diabetic group after maximum effort a decrease while in the control group a slight increase in TAS level was observed (p = 0.0174). The TOS/TAS [%] ratio was significantly higher both before and after the maximum effort in the T1DM group. Results of our study underline importance of increase oxidative stress in T1DM patients accompanying intense exercise.

Disclosure
B. Matejko: Other Relationship; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care. &. Tota: None. M. Morawska: None. S. Mrozinska: Other Relationship; Self; Roche Diabetes Care. W. Pilch: None. T. Palka: None. B. Kiec-Wilk: None. M. Malecki: None. T. Klupa: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Ascensia Diabetes Care.

Funding
Polish Diabetes Association (2017); University of Physical Education (185/BS/INB/2018)
697-P: Exercise Training Remodels Adipocyte-Specific Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Alters Innervation and Vascularization in Inguinal White Adipose Tissue
Authors: NIGRO PASQUALE , VAMVINI MARIA , MIDDELBEEK ROELAND , HIRSHMAN MICHAEL F. , GOODYEAR LAURIE J. 
Published: June 2020

Recent studies demonstrate that exercise training causes pronounced changes in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). While most of these studies have focused on adaptations related to enhanced lipolysis and beiging of adipocytes, other tissue remodeling processes include innervation and vascularization, and changes in collagen and glycoprotein-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), all critical for adipose tissue function. Here, we determined the effects of exercise training on these iWAT adaptations. Mice were housed in individual cages with (Trained) or without (Sedentary) access to running wheels for 11 days (n=8/group). Exercise training significantly increased: iWAT neuronal innervation assessed by immunolabeling of synaptophysin (2.2 fold; p&lt;0.01) and tyrosine hydroxylase (2.3 fold; p&lt;0.001); and vascularization as assessed by increased lectin staining (1.5 fold; p&lt;0.01), Vegfa mRNA (1.5 fold; p&lt;0.05) and Angpt2 mRNA (2.6 fold; p&lt;0.05). Since decreases in ECM components have been suggested to allow for increased innervation and vascularization in tissues, we collected conditioned media from trained and sedentary iWAT to determine if adipocyte-specific ECM proteins are changed by training. Quantitative proteomic profiling using mass spec showed that exercise training significantly increased 23 proteins and decreased 32 proteins in the iWAT-conditioned media. Interestingly, pathway analysis revealed that 14 of the 32 downregulated proteins are adipocyte-specific ECM components [collagens (COL1A2,COL14A1), laminins (LAMA4, LAMB1, LAMB2), glycoproteins (NID1, NID2)] (p&lt;0.001: FDR &lt;0.001). These findings support the hypothesis that exercise training leads to remodeling of ECM, which in turn regulates increased innervation and vascularization, and could facilitate exercise-induced training effects on iWAT.

Disclosure
P. Nigro: None. M. Vamvini: None. R. Middelbeek: None. M.F. Hirshman: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Abbott Laboratories, AbbVie Inc., Amgen, Colgate-Palmolive, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic. L.J. Goodyear: None.
699-P: Association between Exercise Capacity and All-Cause Mortality in Taiwanese Adults
Authors: LAI YUN-JU 
Published: June 2020

Background: Exercise improves insulin sensitivity, inhibits inflammatory cytokines, and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. But the effect of exercise capacity on all-cause mortality in Taiwanese adults has not been fully explored.
Methods: We used data from the National Health Interview Survey and the National Health Insurance research database in Taiwan. Baseline participants’ characteristics including socioeconomic status and health behaviors were obtained by standardized face to face interviews in 2001, 2005, 2009, and 2013. Comorbidities were confirmed by National Health Insurance research database 2000-2016. Participants were followed up until December 31 2016. All-cause mortality was ascertained from the National Registration of Death. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between exercise capacity and all-cause mortality.
Results: In total, 65,126 adults aged more than 18 years old were analyzed; 32,563 (50%) were male and with a mean (SD) age of 42.90 (16.17) years. Kaplan-Meier curves of all-cause mortality stratified by exercise capacity demonstrated significant findings (Log-rank P&lt;0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that those with higher exercise capacity had a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality, compared with those with no exercise habits (moderate exercise with 0-800 kcal/week HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.71-0.85, high exercise with more than 800 kcal/week HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.67-0.79) after adjusting for potential confounders. A significant trend (P for trend&lt;0.01) was also noted.
Conclusions: People with increased exercise capacity had a significant decreased risk of all-cause mortality. Further studies should investigate the type and dose of exercise that is most helpful for the general population to prolong life expectancy.

Disclosure
Y. Lai: None.
7-OR: Comparison of Two Recent Ceramide-Based Coronary Risk Prediction Scores: CERT and CERT-2
Authors: LEIHERER ANDREAS , MUENDLEIN AXEL , SAELY CHRISTOPH H. , LAAKSONEN REIJO , LAAPERI MITJA , VONBANK ALEXANDER , FRAUNBERGER PETER , DREXEL HEINZ 
Published: June 2020

The Coronary Event Risk Test (CERT) is a validated cardiovascular risk predictor that uses circulating ceramide concentrations to allocate patients into one of four risk categories. This test has recently been updated (CERT-2), now additionally including phosphatidylcholine concentrations. We investigated the power of CERT and CERT-2 to predict cardiovascular mortality in 999 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Overall, comparing survival curves (Figure) for over 12 years of follow up and the predictive power of survival models using net reclassification improvement (NRI), CERT-2 was the best predictor of cardiovascular mortality, surpassing CERT (NRI=0.456; p=0.01) and also the 2019 ESC-SCORE (NRI=0.163; p=0.04). Patients in the highest risk category of CERT as compared to the lowest category had a HR of 3.63[2.09-6.30] for cardiovascular death; for CERT-2 the corresponding HR was 6.02[2.47-14.64]. Among patients with T2DM (n=322), the HR for cardiovascular death was 3.00[1.44-6.23] using CERT and 7.06[1.64-30.50] using CERT-2; the corresponding HRs among nondiabetic subjects were 2.99[1.20-7.46] and 3.43[1.03-11.43], respectively. We conclude that both, CERT and CERT-2 scores are powerful predictors of cardiovascular mortality in CVD patients, especially in those patients with T2D. Performance is even higher with CERT-2.

Disclosure
A. Leiherer: None. A. Muendlein: None. C.H. Saely: None. R. Laaksonen: None. M. Laaperi: None. A. Vonbank: None. P. Fraunberger: None. H. Drexel: None.
700-P: Mechanism for the Beneficial Effects of Maternal Exercise to Improve Offspring Metabolic Health
Authors: KUSUYAMA JOJI , WAGNER ANA B. , CONLIN ROYCE H. , MAKAREWICZ NATHAN S. , MØLLER MAGNUS , MIELE EMILY M. , MIDDELBEEK ROELAND , JESSEN NIELS , OVESEN PER G. , HIRSHMAN MICHAEL F. , ADAMO KRISTI B. , GRAYCK EVA N. , GOODYEAR LAURIE J. 
Published: June 2020

Poor maternal diet and obesity increase the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring, fueling the worldwide epidemic of these diseases. Recent animal studies have shown that maternal exercise (MatEx) improves the metabolic phenotype of offspring in adulthood, including improved glucose tolerance and liver function. Here, we determined the molecular mechanisms responsible for these critical effects of MatEx. Female mice were fed a chow or high fat diet and housed in cages with (Trained) or without (Sedentary) running wheels for 2 wks prior to breeding and during gestation. Offspring were sedentary and chow-fed. MatEx improved glucose tolerance and liver function in adult offspring. Beginning at embryonic day 13.5, MatEx increased expression of TCA cycle and fatty acid oxidation genes in offspring liver, and increased DNA demethylation at promoters of these hepatic genes. Next, we identified a novel MatEx-induced AMPK/isocitrate dehydrogenase/αketoglutarate/Tet axis in offspring liver controlling DNA demethylation. Primary hepatoblasts treated with serum from trained dams, but not sedentary dams or trained non-pregnant females stimulated this pathway, suggesting the effects of MatEx on offspring stem from a placenta-derived serum factor(s). LC-MS/MS of serum and RNAseq of placenta from trained dams identified this factor as superoxide dismutase 3 (Sod3), and recombinant SOD3 treatment of hepatoblasts increased AMPK-Tet signaling and hepatic gene expression. The effects of MatEx to increase liver AMPK-Tet signal, alter liver DNA methylation and gene expression, and improve offspring glucose tolerance in vivo were ablated in placenta-specific Sod3 KO mice. Finally, SOD3 was increased in serum and placenta from highly physically active pregnant women. Sod3 is an exercise-induced, placenta-derived protein that improves glucose homeostasis via epigenetic changes in offspring liver, defining a novel paradigm for the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic health.

Disclosure
J. Kusuyama: None. A.B. Wagner: None. R.H. Conlin: None. N.S. Makarewicz: None. M. Møller: None. E.M. Miele: None. R. Middelbeek: None. N. Jessen: None. P.G. Ovesen: None. M.F. Hirshman: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Abbott Laboratories, AbbVie Inc., Amgen, Colgate-Palmolive, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic. K.B. Adamo: None. E.N. Grayck: None. L.J. Goodyear: None.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (DK101043)
702-P: Daily Sedentary Time and Continuous Metabolic Risk Score in Very Active Older Adults
Authors: MADDEN KENNETH M. , CHASE JOCELYN M. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that time spent sedentary (ST) predicts increasing cardiometabolic risk independent of other activity. We objectively measured activity levels in active older adults, and examined the association between ST and the continuous Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score (cMSy).
Methods: Older adults (age &gt;= 65) were recruited from a Master’s Ski Team, a group of active older adults that undergo organized group training. Daily activity levels (sedentary, ST; light, LT; moderate/vigorous activity, MT) were recorded with accelerometers (SenseWear) worn for 7 days continuously. Waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose were measured and cMSy was calculated using principal component analysis (sum of eigenvalues ≥ 1.0).
Results: 54 subjects (age=71.4±0.6 years, 30 women and 24 men) were recruited. Subjects demonstrated high levels of physical activity (LT= 2.6±0.2 and MT=3.9±0.2 hours per day). In our final parsimonious model, ST showed a significant positive association with increasing cMSy (Standardized β=0.312±0.115, R2 = 0.36, p&lt;0.001), independent of age, biological sex and other measures of physical activity (LT and MT).
Conclusions: Despite high levels of activity, ST demonstrated a strong association with cMSy. This suggests that even in active older adults, ST is associated with increasing cardiometabolic risk.

Disclosure
K.M. Madden: None. J.M. Chase: None.

Funding
Allan M. McGavin Foundation
703-P: Exercise-Stimulated Resolvin Biosynthesis in Adipose Tissue Is Abrogated by Obesity-Induced Adrenergic Dysfunction
Authors: HELLMANN JASON , LYNCH WILL , CALDERIN ERNESTO P. , SANSBURY BRIAN , SPITE MATTHEW , BHATNAGAR ARUNI , HILL BRADFORD 
Published: June 2020

Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is associated with obesity-induced insulin resistance. Exercise (Exe) prevents the development of chronic inflammatory diseases and insulin resistance largely through unknown mechanisms. We sought to determine if changes in specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) in AT contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. When compared with sedentary controls (Sed), normal chow fed mice exposed to 4 wk of Exe showed elevated AT expression of SPM biosynthetic enzyme Alox15 (Sed 1.12±0.18 vs. Exe 1.68±0.13 relative expression, n=5-7), SPM levels (Sed vs. Exe; RvD1 156.7±12.02 vs. 223.0±24.71; 17R-RvD1 354.0±35.86 vs. 534.4±98.92; RvD4 31.31±6.93 vs. 123.1±30.69; and 17R-RvD3 2.92±1.08 vs. 8.20±1.70 pg/g, n=5-7), and anti-inflammatory macrophages (F4/80+CD301+; Sed 17.5±3.2 vs. Exe 40.9±4.5 %F4/80+, n=4-6). These changes were diet-dependent as feeding with high fat diet (60% kcal from fat; HFD) abrogated the pro-resolving effect of exercise in AT when compared with low fat diet (10% kcal from fat; LFD) controls. Exercise-stimulated upregulation of 15-LO expression was localized to AT macrophages in a diet-dependent manner (LFD Sed 0.11±0.03 vs. LFD Exe 0.23±0.03; HFD Sed 0.10±0.04 vs. HFD Exe 0.08±0.02 relative expression, n=3-6), as adipocytes from exercised mice showed no difference in 15-LO expression compared with sedentary controls. Given that epinephrine stimulates macrophage 15-LO expression and RvD1 production, we questioned if catecholamine biosynthesis was affected by HFD feeding. Adrenal glands from mice fed HFD show diminished expression of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase when compared with controls (LFD 1.0±0.25 vs. HFD 0.36±0.15, n=4). Similarly, db/db mice also displayed reduced catecholamines and expression of biosynthetic enzymes in the adrenal glands.
These results suggest that obesity-induced adrenergic dysfunction abrogates exercise-stimulated resolvin production in AT.

Disclosure
J. Hellmann: None. W. Lynch: None. E.P. Calderin: None. B. Sansbury: None. M. Spite: None. A. Bhatnagar: None. B. Hill: None.

Funding
American Diabetes Association (1-16-JDF-041 to B.H.); National Institutes of Health (GM127495, GM127607)
714-P: Dietary Pattern and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes In Melbourne Collaborative Cohort
Authors: COURTEN BARBORA DE , KARIM MD NAZMUL , HODGE ALLISON 
Published: June 2020

Identification of healthy dietary patterns associated with reduced diabetes risk may contribute to diabetes prevention initiatives. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether there is an association between different dietary patterns and incident diabetes in an Australian population. We analysed data of 5,916 eligible Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS) participants, who contributed 343836.6 person-years of follow up with an average 9.4±3.7 years. Dietary patterns for individuals were assessed with three commonly used indices namely, Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-10 (AHEI-10) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the associations between dietary indices and diabetes risk, adjusted for plausible confounders both with and without baseline body size. At baseline, the average age of the cohort was 55.1 ±8.7 years and 59.9% were female. The incidence rate of diabetes was 4.8 (95% CI 4.6, 5.1) per 1000 person-years. Adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, physical activity status, smoking and alcohol consumption status, DII quintile 5 (HR 1.2; 95%CI 1.1, 1.5) and AEHI quintile 5 (HR 0.63; 95%CI 0.53, 0.75)) showed significant associations with diabetes. After additionally adjusting for BMI (HR 0.75; 95%CI 0.74, 0.76) or WHR (HR 0.72; 95%CI 0.71, 0.74), AHEI showed statistically significant inverse associations with diabetes risk. A healthier diet, as assessed by AHEI-10, was associated with a lower risk of diabetes incidence in the MCCS, and this did not appear to be completely explained by an association between diet quality and body size.

Disclosure
B. de Courten: None. M. Karim: None. A. Hodge: None.