bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass-selective removal of ions from Paul traps using parametric excitation
Authors: Schmidt Julian , Hönig Daniel , Weckesser Pascal , Thielemann Fabian , Schaetz Tobias , Karpa Leon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study a method for mass-selective removal of ions from a Paul trap by parametric excitation. This can be achieved by applying an oscillating electric quadrupole field at twice the secular frequency $$\omega _{\text {sec}}$$

ω
sec

using pairs of opposing electrodes. While excitation near the resonance with the secular frequency $$\omega _{\text {sec}}$$

ω
sec

only leads to a linear increase of the amplitude with excitation duration, parametric excitation near $$2\, \omega _{\text {sec}}$$

2

ω
sec

results in an exponential increase of the amplitude. This enables efficient removal of ions from the trap with modest excitation voltages and narrow bandwidth, therefore, substantially reducing the disturbance of ions with other charge-to-mass ratios. We numerically study and compare the mass selectivity of the two methods. In addition, we experimentally show that the barium isotopes with 136 and 137 nucleons can be removed from small ion crystals and ejected out of the trap while keeping $$^{138}\text {Ba}^{+}$$

138

Ba
+

ions Doppler cooled, corresponding to a mass selectivity of better than $$\Delta m / m = 1/138$$

Δ
m
/
m
=
1
/
138

. This method can be widely applied to ion trapping experiments without major modifications since it only requires modulating the potential of the ion trap.
Effect of cosolvent on the rheological properties and self-assembled structures from telechelic polyampholytes
Authors: Dyakonova Margarita A. , Li Yanan , Besiri Ioanna N. , Di Zhenyu , Grillo Isabelle , Tsitsilianis Constantinos , Papadakis Christine M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA triblock copolymer with hydrophobic end blocks and a polyampholytic middle block is investigated in a mixture of water and acetone with a focus on the dependence of the rheological properties and of the micellar structure and correlation on the content of acetone. The polymer under study is PMMA86-b-P(DEA190-co-MAA96)-b-PMMA86, where PMMA stands for poly(methyl methacrylate) and P(DEA-co-MAA) for poly(2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid). The pH is chosen at 3. Rheological measurements reveal a transition from a viscoelastic solid over a viscoelastic liquid to a freely flowing liquid upon addition of 5 or 10 wt% of acetone to a 3 wt% aqueous polymer solution, respectively. Using small-angle neutron scattering on 0.5 wt% polymer solutions in water/acetone with the content of the latter ranging between 0 and 30 wt%, significant structural changes are observed as well, such as a decrease of the distance between the PMMA cross-links and of the size of the network clusters upon increasing acetone constant. These changes are attributed to the reduction of the dielectric constant by the addition of the cosolvent acetone, enhancing the flexibility of the middle blocks and their tendency to backfolding, as well as to the decrease of the solvent selectivity, inducing significant exchange rate enhancement of the core-forming PMMA blocks.
Hypothyroidism after radiation exposure: brief narrative review
Authors: Reiners Christoph , Drozd Valentina , Yamashita Shunichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe thyroid gland is among the organs at the greatest risk of cancer from ionizing radiation. Epidemiological evidence from survivors of radiation therapy, atomic bombing, and the Chernobyl reactor accident, clearly shows that radiation exposure in childhood can cause thyroid cancer and benign thyroid nodules. Radiation exposure also may induce hypothyroidism and autoimmune reactions against the thyroid, but these effects are less well-documented. The literature includes only a few, methodologically weak animal studies regarding genetic/molecular mechanisms underlying hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity after radiation exposure. Rather, evidence about radiation-induced hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity derives mainly from follow-up studies in patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or iodine-131, and from epidemiological studies in the atomic bombing or nuclear accident survivors. Historically, hypothyroidism after external irradiation of the thyroid in adulthood was considered not to develop below a 10–20 Gy dose threshold. Newer data suggest a 10 Gy threshold after EBRT. By contrast, data from patients after iodine-131 “internal radiation therapy” of Graves´ disease indicate that hypothyroidism rarely occurs below thyroid doses of 50 Gy. Studies in children affected by the Chernobyl accident indicate that the dose threshold for hypothyroidism may be considerably lower, 3–5 Gy, aligning with observations in A-bomb survivors exposed as children. The reasons for these dose differences in radiosensitivity are not fully understood. Other important questions about the development of hypothyroidism after radiation exposure e.g., in utero, about the interaction between autoimmunity and hypofunction, and about the different effects of internal and external irradiation still must be answered.
Fungal brain infection—no longer a death sentence
Authors: Lange Nicole , Wantia Nina , Jörger Ann-Kathrin , Wagner Arthur , Liesche Friederike , Meyer Bernhard , Gempt Jens 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this case series was to provide a modern cohort of patients with cerebral aspergillosis and show the effectiveness of modern treatment concepts. In a 10-year period from January 2009 to January 2019, we identified 10 patients (6 male, 4 female) who received surgery or frameless stereotactic drainage of a cerebral aspergilloma at our center. Patients’ and disease characteristics were recorded. The median age was 65 (range 45 to 83). We conducted 133 cranial surgeries in 100 patients due to cerebral brain abscess (BA) during that time, which leads to a percentage of 10% of aspergilloma within BAs in our patient sample. We performed 3.1 surgeries per patient followed by antifungal treatment for 6 months (= median) according to the microbiological findings. Regarding comorbidities, the mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) at the time of admission was 5, representing an estimated 10-year survival of 21%. Six (60%) of 10 patients showed conditions of immunosuppression, one suffered endocarditis after replacement of aortic valves. Four patients showed associated frontobasal bone destruction, mycotic aneurysms, or thromboses. The mean duration of hospital stay was 37 days. Mortality was much lower than in literature. Sixty percent of the patients died during the follow-up period. The outcome of the two immunocompetent patients was more favorable. Cerebral aspergillosis is a rare, but still life-threatening, condition, which predominantly occurs in immunosuppressive conditions. Due to radical surgical and antifungal therapy for several months, mortality can be reduced dramatically.
Sugar transport for enhanced xylose utilization in Ashbya gossypii
Authors: Díaz-Fernández David , Muñoz-Fernández Gloria , Martín Victoria Isabel , Revuelta José Luis , Jiménez Alberto 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The co-utilization of mixed (pentose/hexose) sugars constitutes a challenge for microbial fermentations. The fungus Ashbya gossypii, which is currently exploited for the industrial production of riboflavin, has been presented as an efficient biocatalyst for the production of biolipids using xylose-rich substrates. However, the utilization of xylose in A. gossypii is hindered by hexose sugars. Three A. gossypii homologs (AFL204C, AFL205C and AFL207C) of the yeast HXT genes that code for hexose transporters have been identified and characterized by gene-targeting approaches. Significant differences in the expression profile of the HXT homologs were found in response to different concentrations of sugars. More importantly, an amino acid replacement (N355V) in AFL205Cp, introduced by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic edition, notably enhanced the utilization of xylose in the presence of glucose. Hence, the introduction of the afl205c-N355V allele in engineered strains of A. gossypii will further benefit the utilization of mixed sugars in this fungus.
Machine learning-accelerated quantum mechanics-based atomistic simulations for industrial applications
Authors: Morawietz Tobias , Artrith Nongnuch 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAtomistic simulations have become an invaluable tool for industrial applications ranging from the optimization of protein-ligand interactions for drug discovery to the design of new materials for energy applications. Here we review recent advances in the use of machine learning (ML) methods for accelerated simulations based on a quantum mechanical (QM) description of the system. We show how recent progress in ML methods has dramatically extended the applicability range of conventional QM-based simulations, allowing to calculate industrially relevant properties with enhanced accuracy, at reduced computational cost, and for length and time scales that would have otherwise not been accessible. We illustrate the benefits of ML-accelerated atomistic simulations for industrial R&D processes by showcasing relevant applications from two very different areas, drug discovery (pharmaceuticals) and energy materials. Writing from the perspective of both a molecular and a materials modeling scientist, this review aims to provide a unified picture of the impact of ML-accelerated atomistic simulations on the pharmaceutical, chemical, and materials industries and gives an outlook on the exciting opportunities that could emerge in the future.
Evaluation of the use of untargeted metabolomics in the safety assessment of genetically modified crops
Authors: Bedair Mohamed , Glenn Kevin C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The safety assessment of foods and feeds from genetically modified (GM) crops includes the comparison of key characteristics, such as crop composition, agronomic phenotype and observations from animal feeding studies compared to conventional counterpart varieties that have a history of safe consumption, often including a near isogenic variety. The comparative compositional analysis of GM crops has been based on targeted, validated, quantitative analytical methods for the key food and feed nutrients and antinutrients for each crop, as identified by Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OCED). As technologies for untargeted metabolomic methods have evolved, proposals have emerged for their use to complement or replace targeted compositional analytical methods in regulatory risk assessments of GM crops to increase the number of analyzed metabolites.

Aim of Review
The technical opportunities, challenges and strategies of including untargeted metabolomics analysis in the comparative safety assessment of GM crops are reviewed. The results from metabolomics studies of GM and conventional crops published over the last eight years provide context to enable the discussion of whether metabolomics can materially improve the risk assessment of food and feed from GM crops beyond that possible by the Codex-defined practices used worldwide for more than 25 years.

Key Scientific Concepts of Review
Published studies to date show that environmental and genetic factors affect plant metabolomics profiles. In contrast, the plant biotechnology process used to make GM crops has little, if any consequence, unless the inserted GM trait is intended to alter food or feed composition. The nutritional value and safety of food and feed from GM crops is well informed by the quantitative, validated compositional methods for list of key analytes defined by crop-specific OECD consensus documents. Untargeted metabolic profiling has yet to provide data that better informs the safety assessment of GM crops than the already rigorous Codex-defined quantitative comparative assessment. Furthermore, technical challenges limit the implementation of untargeted metabolomics for regulatory purposes: no single extraction method or analytical technique captures the complete plant metabolome; a large percentage of metabolites features are unknown, requiring additional research to understand if differences for such unknowns affect food/feed safety; and standardized methods are needed to provide reproducible data over time and laboratories.
Assessment of tectonic control on the development of low mountains moderate relief in the Outer Carpathians (Southern Poland)
Authors: Godziek Janusz , Gaidzik Krzysztof 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInherited tectonic structures, ongoing tectonic deformation, and variations in relative rock uplift rates play an important role in conditioning the processes of relief development. Their influence among other factors, such as climate and lithology, can be quantified using landscape analysis, and geomorphometric indices, in particular. The usage of landscape analysis in recent years is increasing systematically due to the constant improvement of the digital elevation models and GIS software that significantly facilitate this approach. In this study, we aim to recognize the influence of tectonic structures and processes on relief development in the low mountains with moderate relief of the Soła River catchment in the Western Outer Carpathians. To this end, we calculated geomorphometric indices (river longitudinal profile, stream-length gradient index, minimum bulk erosion, relief ratio, circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, and hypsometric integral) for the Sola River and its 47 sub-catchments using a 25-m spatial resolution Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 2. Additionally, we identified lineaments and knickpoints and correlated the computed results with local and regional fault networks, variations in lithology, and climate fluctuations. Obtained results indicate a significant impact of inherited tectonic structures on the relief development of the Soła River catchment, i.e., directions of principal ridges and valleys follow the orientation of main folds and faults recorded in this area. Anomalously high values of minimum bulk erosion, river gradient, and stream-length gradient index allowed us to define two areas with higher relative uplift rates: 1) the Sola Gorge and 2) the Beskid Żywiecki Mts. Polish Outer Carpathians are generally considered as an area of low strain rate and low seismic activity. However, the possibility of neotectonic processes should be considered in geohazard estimations. Observed bends in the direction of river valleys that do not correspond with changes in lithology could be related to active strike-slip faults. These are probably the reactivated basement structures, copied in the thin-skinned nappe cover, as a result of the accommodation of the Mur-Žilina Fault Zone resulting from the tectonic push of the Alcapa (Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian) microplate against the European plate. Thus, the role of recent tectonic activity in relief development of the Sola River catchment even though appears to be subsidiary at the most, should not be excluded.
Photoreactivity of Bis-retinoid A2E Complexed with a Model Protein in Selected Model Systems
Authors: Furso Justyna , Zadlo Andrzej , Szewczyk Grzegorz , Sarna Tadeusz J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe bis-retinoid N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine (A2E) is formed as a byproduct of visual cycle in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). It contributes to golden-yellow fluorescence of the age pigment lipofuscin, which accumulates in RPE. Lipofuscin can generate a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon blue-light excitation. Although in model systems photoreactivity of A2E has been determined to be low, this bis-retinoid exhibited significant phototoxicity in RPE cells in vitro. Although the mechanism of A2E-mediated phototoxicity remains mostly unknown, we hypothesize that formation of A2E-adducts with different biomolecules may play an important role. In this study, we investigated the photochemical reactivity of A2E and its complex with bovine serum albumin (BSA) using UV–Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, EPR-spin trapping, EPR-oximetry, time-resolved singlet oxygen phosphorescence, and the fluorogenic CBA probe. Our data show that A2E after complexation with this model protein photogenerated an increased level of ROS, particularly singlet oxygen. We also demonstrated the ability of A2E to oxidize BSA upon excitation with blue light in aqueous model systems. The data suggest that pyridinium bis-retinoid could oxidatively modify cellular proteins under physiological conditions.
Transformation of Lowland Rainforest into Oil-palm Plantations and use of Fire alter Topsoil and Litter Silicon Pools and Fluxes
Authors: von der Lühe Barbara , Pauli Laura , Greenshields Britta , Hughes Harold J. , Tjoa Aiyen , Sauer Daniela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effects of land use and fire on ecosystem silicon (Si) cycling has been largely disregarded so far. We investigated the impacts of land use and fire on Si release from topsoils and litter of lowland rainforest and oil-palm plantations in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Lower concentrations of Si in amorphous silica (ASi) were found in oil-palm plantation topsoils (2.8 ± 0.7 mg g− 1) compared to rainforest (3.5 ± 0.8 mg g− 1). Higher total Si concentrations were detected in litter from oil-palm frond piles (22.8 ± 4.6 mg g− 1) compared to rainforest litter (12.7 ± 2.2 mg g− 1). To test the impact of fire, materials were burned at 300 °C and 500 °C and were shaken with untreated samples in simulated rainwater for 28 h. Untreated oil-palm topsoils showed a significantly lower Si release (p≤ 0.05) compared to rainforest. The fire treatments resulted in an increased Si release into simulated rainwater. Si release from oil-palm topsoils and litter increased by a factor of 6 and 9 (500 °C), respectively, and Si release from rainforest topsoils and litter by a factor of 3 and 9 (500 °C). Differences between land use were related to initial ASi and litter Si concentrations, and to losses of soil organic matter during burning. We conclude that transformation of rainforest into oil palm plantations could be an important and immediate Si source after a fire event but may indirectly lead to a decrease in the long-term Si availability to plants.
Demographic, physiological, psychological, and on-ice performance indicators predict plus/minus status of recreational ice hockey players across a season
Authors: Nigg Claudio R. , Gessner Andreas , Nigg Carina , Giurgiu Marco , Neumann Rainer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLittle is known about physical, physiological, and psychological performance indicators predicting recreational athletes’ performance. This information may motivate players to become more active and inform coaches where to focus to build confidence, cohesion, and cooperation. This study investigated which performance indicators were related to the plus-minus statistic in German recreational ice hockey players (n = 20 players; 1 female; mean age = 36.25 ± 12.91 years; height = 178.85 ± 8.64 cm; weight = 81.36 ± 12.89 kg; mean years of ice hockey experience = 5.68 ± 8.93) over a season. Anthropometrics, psychological and on-ice performance data were collected mid-season and plus-minus were recorded after each game. Due to the small sample size, significance interpretations are not meaningful; therefore, Cohen’s guidelines were used for r = 0.2 (small), r = 0.5 (medium) and r = 0.8 (large). Medium size positive correlations of plus/minus were found for push-ups (r = 0.52) and squats (r = 0.37). Small positive correlations were found for shot speed (r = 0.33), competitiveness orientation (r = 0.28), and years on team (r = 0.23). Small negative correlations were found for win orientation (r = −0.30), body mass index (r = −0.28), task cohesion (r = −0.24), and percent body fat (r = −0.20). Some performance and psychological indicators are related to recreational ice hockey players’ plus-minus statistic over a season. Coaches and players of recreational teams should focus on muscular strength and endurance, shooting speed, body composition, and enjoying the challenge of competition while lowering their win orientation.
Finding new creative solutions is a key component in world-class competitive bouldering
Authors: Künzell Stefan , Thomiczek Johannes , Winkler Marvin , Augste Claudia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBouldering is a sport climbing discipline in which short, extremely difficult climbing routes, so-called boulder problems, have to be mastered. Besides excellent physical condition, the ability to read a boulder and to generate motor solutions for the boulder problem is probably a performance-determining factor. In a full survey of all participants of the 2017 Bouldering World Cups we investigated how athletes deal with an unsuccessful first attempt. We distinguish between follow-up attempts in which athletes retry the same solution as before and follow-up attempts in which they find a new solution. We could show that the success rate of new solutions is substantially higher than the repetition of the old solution. Furthermore, there is a correlation with the frequency of finding new solutions and the position in the world ranking. We conclude that the ability to create several solutions for boulder problems is a very important component of performance in bouldering.
Advanced aeroelastic robust stability analysis with structural uncertainties
Authors: Süelözgen Özge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRobust flutter analysis described in this paper is based on the robust control theory framework. Therefore, a time-domain linear fractional transformation representation of the perturbed aeroelastic system is modeled. Then, the robust stability is analyzed by means of the structured singular value$$\mu$$μ, which is defined as an alternative measure of robustness. Robust flutter analysis deals with aeroelastic (or aeroservoelastic) stability analysis taking structural dynamics, aerodynamics and/or unmodeled system dynamics uncertainties into account. Flutter is a well-known dynamic aeroelastic instability phenomenon caused by an interaction between structural vibrations and unsteady aerodynamic forces, whereby the level of vibration may trigger large amplitudes, eventually leading to catastrophic failure of the structure. The primary motivation of the robust flutter analysis is that this method allows the computation of the worst-case flutter velocity which can support, for example, the flight test program by a valuable robust flutter boundary. This paper addresses the issue of an approach for aeroelastic robust stability analysis with structural uncertainties with respect to physical symmetric and asymmetric stiffness perturbations on the wing structure by means of tuning beams.
Bioeconomy imaginaries: A review of forest-related social science literature
Authors: Holmgren Sara , D’Amato Dalia , Giurca Alexandru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis review article examines how social science literature co-produces various imaginaries of forest-based bioeconomy transformations and pathways for reaching desired ends. Based on an analysis of 59 research articles, we find that despite a growing number of social sciences studies on the forest-based bioeconomy, much of the research tends to replicate a bioeconomy imaginary articulated in EU and national bioeconomy policies and strategies. Accordingly, the research primarily reproduces a weak approach to sustainability, which prioritize economic growth and competitiveness. Expectations are largely directed at national and regional corporate interests and forest industrial renewal, while the state has a supportive rather than restricting role. We discuss the findings against the role of social sciences, and conclude that social science scholars may adopt various strategies if interested in opening up forest-based policy debates and offer alternative imaginaries of sustainable bioeconomy transformations.