bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic conditions in the community: Preventative principles and emerging practices among Māori health services providers
Authors: Gifford Heather , Cvitanovic Lynley , Boulton Amohia , Batten Lesley 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIssueThe pressing chronic conditions prevention needs of Māori (the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) are yet to be adequately addressed using mainstream approaches. This study investigated how Māori health service providers (MHSP) are positioning themselves to better meet the chronic conditions prevention needs of Māori.MethodsKaupapa Māori methodology underpinned a three‐phase research project that investigated three Māori health service provider‐based chronic conditions prevention cases, in different regions of Aotearoa New Zealand, using an instrumental case study design. Two small group interviews with seven participants and 44 individual key informant interviews were conducted. All participants were associated with one of the three MHSP. Document reviews and observations were also carried out. Following the identification of a prevention case study, within each provider, in‐depth investigation of prevention practices was undertaken.ResultsAchieving well‐being through health service delivery is challenging for the three providers which are largely reliant on state funding to support their work through defined contract outputs. The drivers of service delivery norms impacting providers include the dominant medical conditions focused discourse and addressing the high levels of acute need characteristic of provider communities. There are examples of shifts in organisational structure and delivery configurations that demonstrate challenging and reframing these norms. We identified emerging approaches to prevention that move beyond being “the ambulance at the bottom of the cliff” to “building a fence at the top.”ConclusionConsolidation of provider prevention approaches, increased resources and a broader health services systems level response that prioritises prevention are required.So what?MHSP are reframing services to better meet the well‐being needs of the communities they serve.
Renal failure due to encrusted cystitis and pyelitis
Authors: Ito Katsuhiro , Takahashi Toshifumi , Kanno Toru , Okada Takashi , Higashi Yoshihito , Yamada Hitoshi 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionEncrusted cystitis and pyelitis are a rare urinary tract infection characterized by mold‐like calcification of collecting system. Here, we show a case of encrusted cystitis proceeding to pyelitis during a 1‐month delay in diagnosis.Case presentationA 73‐year‐old man developed hematuria and pain during micturition while he was being treated for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and lung abscess. Cystoscopy revealed calcification of the bladder wall, and an initial diagnosis of a bladder stone was made. While awaiting surgery, the bladder wall calcification extended to the renal pelvis on both sides, with renal failure. He underwent bilateral nephrostomy replacement and bladder irrigation with Solita T1 and was administered intravenous vancomycin. Calcification almost regressed after 4 weeks of treatment.ConclusionEncrusted cystitis and pyelitis should be suspected if the patient shows alkaline urine and urothelial mucosa calcification. Appropriate treatment includes antibiotics, urine drainage, and chemolysis by bladder irrigation.
Development for water, food and nutrition in a competitive environment — How NGOs and CSOs are reshaping traditional farmer irrigation advisory services*
Authors: Unver Olcay , Kay Melvyn , Chavva Konda , Amali Amali Abraham , Pek Eva , Salman Maher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn spite of the 30% increase in the food supply since 1961, significant changes are anticipated over the coming decades that will increase the challenges facing smallholders. Climate change, rapidly growing population and increasing pollution all add to the risks of water and food security. This is happening at a time when water resources management is shifting away from government planning and control to a more adaptive and flexible model involving more stakeholders, whereby farmers and smallholders are increasingly involved in decision‐making and governance of water resources. Many governments, however, continue to look to their smallholders to increase food production and to find ways to produce more with less. Farmers, thus, will need to find new ways of learning and rely more on their own resources, on the private sector and on support from civil society organizations and non‐governmental organizations.This paper examines the changing nature of farmer support services, focusing on the role played by emerging non‐institutional actors. As water becomes the limiting resource for food production, it is crucial to understand how food markets are growing and can incentivize smallholders to produce more, and critically, how farmers are finding new ways of acquiring the knowledge and expertise they need.
A new protocol for improving efficiency of autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection in patients with high white blood cell counts
Authors: Boehlen Rahel , Fernandez Paula , Bargetzi Mario , Sigle Joerg‐Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCollection efficiency (CE) of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collections is negatively affected by increasing white blood cell (WBC) counts of the patient. This study compared a new optimized mononuclear cell (MNC) collection protocol (OPP) to the standard MNC collection protocol recommended by the manufacturer (STP) for PBSC collection in patients with WBC counts >35 000/μL.Study design and methodsSingle‐center, retrospective, and observational study of 81 autologous PBSC collections on Fenwal Amicus cell separators in 70 adult patients.ResultsMedian peripheral WBC count (×103/μL; 44.2 in OPP group vs 46.5 in STP group) and median CD34+ count (105/μL in OPP group vs 40/μL in STP group) at the beginning of PBSC collection did not differ significantly. Median CE2 (45% vs 31%; P < .001) as well as CD34+ yield of the apheresis product both with regards to median absolute CD34+ content (×106; 793 vs 188; P = .001) as well as median CD34+ content (×106)/kg body weight (8.93 vs 2.51; P = .002) were significantly higher for the OPP. Overall, 18/21 (86%) patients with the OPP obtained their target CD34+ amount with a single apheresis session, compared to 25/50 (50%) with the STP (P = .005). PBSC collections using OPP lasted significantly longer (median 377 minutes vs 260 minutes; P < .001) than with the STP.ConclusionsThe OPP significantly improves CE2 for PBSC collections on Fenwal Amicus cell separators in patients with pre‐apheresis WBC counts >35 000/μL and significantly reduces the necessity for multiple apheresis sessions. The OPP is therefore suited to reduce both patient burden and cost in autologous PBSC collection.
Arteriovenous malformation in pancreas mimicking hypervascular tumor
Authors: Ishigami Keisuke , Sakuma Tomoya , Saito Masato , Kawakami Yujiro , Masaki Yoshiharu , Murota Ayako , Motoya Masayo , Kimura Yasutoshi , Nakase Hiroshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArteriovenous malformation (AVM) is defined as a disease that causes blood flow abnormality due to anastomoses of the arteries and veins. AVM can occur in any gastrointestinal tract, but pancreatic AVM (P‐AVM) is very rare. Previous reports demonstrated that contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) typically showed abnormal vascular network in pancreas. We present a 58‐year old man with a history of acute pancreatitis. He was referred to our hospital for examination of pancreatic mass. CECT showed a round‐shaped hypervascular lesion with a diameter of 8 mm in the head of the pancreas. Selective angiography showed vascular network and early visualization of superior mesenteric vein. We finally diagnosed this case as P‐AVM. He underwent duodenum preserving pancreatic head resection. Histological findings confirmed the preoperative diagnosis of P‐AVM.
The relationship between atmospheric circulation patterns and extreme temperature events in North America
Authors: Adams Ryan E. , Lee Cameron C. , Smith Erik T. , Sheridan Scott C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExtreme temperature events (ETEs) pose a significant risk to society, especially vulnerable populations with limited access to shelter and water and those with pre‐existing respiratory and cardiovascular ailments. This research examines the relationship of atmospheric circulation with a myriad of metrics related to ETEs to better understand which synoptic‐scale circulations are likely to have negative health/thermal comfort outcomes. Daily sea‐level pressure (SLP) and 500‐hPa geopotential height (z500) data from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) were used to identify circulation patterns over North America. Self‐organizing maps were used to partition the variability in circulation patterns over five distinct domains covering North America for both variables. Daily 2‐m temperature, 2‐m dewpoint temperature, and 10‐m wind data from the NARR were used to derive five major categories of ETEs based on 95th percentiles: temperature events, apparent temperature events, dew point events, and excess heat and excess cold temperature events. The relationship of circulation pattern frequencies (SOM nodes) leading up to ETEs were assessed using point biserial correlations, accounting for spatial and temporal autocorrelation. The results show that z500 has a stronger association with ETEs than does SLP. A great deal of spatial variability exists in the strength of relationship for many ETE variables with circulation patterns likely due to the local geographical influence (e.g., leeside mountain adiabatic warming and low‐level maritime flow). Generally, high extremes are associated with broad ridging and anticyclonic flow and cold extremes are associated with high amplitude trough patterns with low‐level flow originating from the continental interior. The use of self‐organizing maps presents a unique way of examining the potential for human health risks related ETEs and may be an effective method for statistically downscaling climate model data to assess the potential for ETEs in the future.
Driving factors of community‐level plant functional traits and species distributions in the desert‐wetland ecosystem of the Shule River Basin, China
Authors: Chen Guanguang , Yue Dongxia , Zhou Yanyan , Wang Dong , Wang Hai , Hui Cang , Guo Jianjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGroundwater, as the limiting resource in arid ecosystems, can have profound effects on the functional structure and distribution of plant communities. However, studies are too few to unveil the impacts of groundwater depth on plant functional traits in such communities. We collected data on vegetation, topography and soil properties from 180 quadrats (60 trees/shrubs and 120 herbaceous) in the desert‐wetland ecosystem of Shule River Basin in Northwest China. We measured 10 key community‐level functional traits, together with the resource topography (i.e., groundwater depth) and seven soil properties. We found that the increase of groundwater depth significantly reduced community‐level specific leaf area and maximum leaf photosynthesis rate, while boosted leaf dry mass content and leaf thickness. However, the leaf phosphorus content remained relatively stable. By contrast, with the increase of groundwater depth, soil carbon, soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus and total dissolved salts first increased but then declined, while soil pH and soil bulk density exhibited the opposite trend. The soil moisture content decreased drastically with the decline of groundwater. The change in groundwater depth, thus, was found the main driver of species distribution in the arid zone, contributing 21.16%, followed by soil K+ (9.94%) and soil total nitrogen content (4.9%), as well as a strong interaction of the three (41.7%). Changes in groundwater depth can thus alter the structure and nutrient enrichment of the soil, which in turn affects the distribution of vegetation through water–soil–plant interactions.
A new case of Greenberg dysplasia and literature review suggest that Greenberg dysplasia, dappled diaphyseal dysplasia, and Astley–Kendall dysplasia are allelic disorders
Authors: Gregersen Pernille A. , McKay Victoria , Walsh Maie , Brown Erica , McGillivray George , Savarirayan Ravi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGreenberg dysplasia is a rare, autosomal recessive, prenatal lethal bone dysplasia caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the lamin B receptor (LBR) gene. Pathogenic variants in LBR are also associated with Pelger–Huët anomaly, an autosomal dominant benign abnormality of the nuclear shape and chromatin organization of blood granulocytes, and Pelger–Huët anomaly with variable skeletal anomalies, a mild, regressing to moderate–severe autosomal recessive condition. Conditions with abnormal sterol metabolism and different genetic basis have clinical and radiographic features similar to Greenberg dysplasia, for example X‐linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata, Conradi–Hünermann type, and CHILD syndrome, and other conditions with unknown genetic etiology display very similar features, for example, dappled diaphyseal dysplasia and Astley–Kendall dysplasia.MethodsWe present a fetus with typical clinical and radiographic features of Greenberg dysplasia, and review the literature.ResultsGenetic testing confirmed the diagnosis Greenberg dysplasia: homozygosity for a pathogenic variant in LBR.ConclusionComparing the clinical and radiographic phenotypes of Greenberg dysplasia, dappled diaphyseal dysplasia, and Astley–Kendall dysplasia, we suggest that these are allelic disorders.
Technical Note: A custom‐designed flexible MR coil array for spine radiotherapy treatment planning
Authors: Tyagi Neelam , Zakian Kristen L. , Italiaander Michel , Almujayyaz Salam , Lis Eric , Yamada Josh , Topf Jill , Hunt Margie , Deasy Joseph O. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeTo assess the performance and optimize the MR image quality when using a custom‐built flexible radiofrequency (RF) spine coil array fitted between the immobilization device and the patient for spine radiotherapy treatment planning.MethodsA 32 channel flexible custom‐designed receive‐only coil array has been developed for spine radiotherapy simulation for a 3 T Philips MR scanner. Coil signal‐to‐noise performance and interactions with standard vendor hardware were assessed. In four volunteers, immobilization molds were created with a dummy version of the array within the mold, and subjects were scanned using the custom array in the mold. Phantoms and normal volunteers were scanned with both the custom spine coil array and the vendor’s FDA‐approved in‐table posterior coil array to compare performance.ResultsThe superior–inferior field of view for the custom spine array was ~30 cm encompassing at least 10 vertebrae. A noise correlation matrix showed at least 25 dB isolation between all coil elements. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) calculated on a phantom scan at the depth of the spinal cord was a factor of 3 higher with the form‐fit spine array as compared to the vendor's posterior coil array. The body coil B1 transmit map was equivalent with and without the spine array in place demonstrating that the elements are decoupled from the body coil. Volunteer imaging showed improved SNR as compared to the vendor’s posterior coil array. The custom array permitted a high degree of acceleration making possible the acquisition of isotropic high‐resolution 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 mm3 three‐dimensional data set over a 30‐cm section of the spine in less than 5 min.ConclusionThe custom‐designed form‐fitting flexible spine coil array provided enhanced SNR and increased acceleration compared to the vendor’s posterior array. Future studies will assess MR‐based spinal cord imaging with the custom coil in comparison to CT myelogram.
Controlling interfacial instabilities in PP/EVOH coextruded multilayer films through the surface density of interfacial copolymers
Authors: Vuong Stéphanie , Léger Liliane , Restagno Frédéric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoextruded polypropylene/tie/ethylene vinyl alcohol/tie/polypropylene (PP/tie/EVOH/tie/PP) films often exhibit optical defects which appear as randomly distributed scattering objects, in the submillimeter range. These defects may strongly affect the film transparency and prevent their practical use in packaging. Based on an objective optical test aimed at quantifying the film transparency, and on a systematic analysis, through optical microscopy, of transverse cuts of films obtained in various coextrusion conditions, the nature of the defects could be identified as resulting from a modulation of the thickness of the inner ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) layer, with no variation in the overall thickness of the multilayer films. Thanks to a recently developed method to dose the surface density of interfacial copolymers, a clear correlation between the amplitude of the thickness modulation of the inner EVOH layer and the density of copolymer molecules formed in situ at the EVOH/tie layer interface during the coextrusion process was established. These results open the way to a better design of tie layers composition to avoid these kinds of defects.
Cover Image, Volume 69, Issue 5
Authors: Sun Haoyang , Li Tao , Lei Fan , Yang Meng , Li Dandan , Huang Xianhang , Sun Dazhi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe cover image is based on the Research Article Graphite fluoride and fluorographene as a new class of solid lubricant additives for high‐performance polyamide 66 composites with excellent mechanical and tribological properties by Haoyang Sun et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5975.
image
Refined three‐dimensional numerical model for segmental joint and its application
Authors: Zhang Li , Feng Kun , Xu Peikai , He Chuan , Zhang Haihua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious research of segmental joints are mainly based on experimental and theoretical methods; few studies have focused on refined numerical model. Therefore, a refined numerical model is established in which eight‐node solid element and three‐dimensional beam element are adopted to simulate joint structures and reinforcement, respectively, and bolt preload is considered. Then, the numerical model is verified with full‐scale tests and applied to analyze the influence of joint deformation and bolt preload. It is confirmed that (a) the numerical model can reproduce joint deformation process with good accuracy; (b) bolt stress are controlled by tensile action caused by joint opening and bending action caused by joint vertical displacement; (c) the changes of joint deformation with bending moment can be divided into three stages; bolt preload has no effect on the change of joint deformation with bending moment but has significant impact on the value of joint deformation in each stage.
Fabrication and characterization of titanium‐based lead dioxide electrode by electrochemical deposition with Ti4O7 particles
Authors: Guo Hua , Xu Zhicheng , Qiao Dan , Wang Liangtian , Xu Hao , Yan Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA novelly modified Ti/PbO2 electrode was synthesized with Ti4O7 particles through electrochemical deposition method (marked as PbO2‐Ti4O7). The properties of the as‐prepared electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), hydroxyl radical concentration, accelerated life test, etc. Azophloxine was chosen as the model pollutant for electro‐catalytic oxidation to evaluate electrochemical activity of the electrode. The experimental results indicated that Ti4O7 modification could prominently improve the properties of the electrodes, especially, improve the surface morphology, enhance the current response, and reduce the impedance. However, the predominant phases of PbO2 electrodes were unchanged, which were completely pure β‐PbO2. During the electrochemical oxidation process, the PbO2‐Ti4O7(1.0) electrode showed the best performance on degradation of AR1 (i.e., the highest removal efficiency and the lowest energy consumption), which could be attributed to its high oxygen evolution potential (OEP) and strong capability of HO· generation. Moreover, the accelerated service lifetime of PbO2‐Ti4O7(1.0) electrode was 175 hr, 1.65 times longer than that of PbO2 electrode (105.5 hr).Practitioner points

PbO2/Ti4O7 composite anode was fabricated through electrochemical co‐deposition.

Four concentration gradients of Ti4O7 particle were tested.

PbO2‐Ti4O7(1.0) showed optimal electrocatalytic ability due to its high OEP and HO· productivity.
Characteristics and outcome of severe traumatic brain injuries based on occupational status
Authors: Plancikova Dominika , Leitgeb Johannes , Brazinova Alexandra , Melichova Juliana , Sivco Patrik , Nemcovska Eva , Pekarcikova Jarmila , Majdan Marek 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The association of TBI with socioeconomic characteristics of patients has not been studied extensively. The objective of this study was to analyse the differences in injury characteristics and outcome in TBI patients based on their occupational status.

Methods
Data on patients from 13 centres based in Austria, Croatia, Slovakia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia were included in the analysis. Demographic characteristics, injury characteristics, treatment and outcome at various post-injury stages were compared according to occupational status. Logistic regression was used to adjust for the effect of co-variates. ICU mortality, hospital mortality, 6 months mortality, and outcome at 6 months were used as dependent variables.

Results
Overall, 886 patients were analysed with a mean age of 45.5 years. High-level falls were most prevalent in the blue-collar group (19%), most low-level falls occurred in the retired group. Traffic accidents were most common in students. The injuries were most severe in the blue-collar group and students. Highest mortalities and unfavourable outcomes were in the retired, students and white-collar workers had the best outcomes. Compared to retired patients, all groups had higher odds of favourable outcome at 6 months after adjusting for co-variates—OR from 2.2 (95% CI 1.1–4.6) for entrepreneurs to 3.6 (95% CI 1.8–7.2) for the blue-collar group.

Conclusion
Our paper provides clues pertaining specifically to variations in patterns and outcomes of TBI according to occupational status which can inform prevention and planning of services and can serve to plan priorities for further research.
Consistent boundary conditions for PDE filter regularization in topology optimization
Authors: Wallin Mathias , Ivarsson Niklas , Amir Oded , Tortorelli Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDesign variables in density-based topology optimization are typically regularized using filtering techniques. In many cases, such as stress optimization, where details at the boundaries are crucially important, the filtering in the vicinity of the design domain boundary needs special attention. One well-known technique, often referred to as “padding,” is to extend the design domain with extra layers of elements to mitigate artificial boundary effects. We discuss an alternative to the padding procedure in the context of PDE filtering. To motivate this augmented PDE filter, we make use of the potential form of the PDE filter which allows us to add penalty terms with a clear physical interpretation. The major advantages of the proposed augmentation compared with the conventional padding is the simplicity of the implementation and the possibility to tune the boundary properties using a scalar parameter. Analytical results in 1D and numerical results in 2D and 3D confirm the suitability of this approach for large-scale topology optimization.