bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of other anions on reduction of nitrate in water over Pd–In catalyst loaded on various supports
Authors: Mikami I , Ishii T , Kitamura F , Masunaga A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of the presence of other anions on nitrate reduction was investigated using catalysts supported by TiO2 and nitrate adsorbents (calcium-chloride-treated charcoal and an anion exchange resin). When the TiO2-supported catalyst was used, the nitrate decomposition rate was greatly reduced in the presence of Cl−, SO42−, and PO43−, and the decrease was large for Cl− and PO43−. The activity of the nitrate-adsorbent-supported catalysts in the presence of SO42− and PO43− showed a smaller decrease than that of the TiO2-supported catalyst. In the presence of SO42−, the amount of nitrate adsorbed on the supports was correlated with the decrease in activity, and calcium-chloride-treated charcoal, which has high nitrate adsorption selectivity, showed the smallest decrease in activity in the presence of SO42−. By contrast, in the presence of PO43−, no clear correlation was found between the decrease in the amount of nitrate adsorption on the supports and the decrease in activity.
Application of phyto-Fenton process in constructed wetland for the continuous removal of antibiotics
Authors: Ranjusha VP , Matsumoto K , Nara S , Inagaki Y , Sakakibara Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Phyto-Fenton process utilizes the endogenous hydrogen peroxide in plants to degrade organic pollutants in presence of iron catalyst. In this study, we have applied the magnetite particles in continuous treatment system of constructed wetland (CW) to study the effectiveness in removing sulfamethoxazole (SMX) antibiotics. Experimental results demonstrated that SMX was removed by constructed wetlands in the presence and absence of magnetite fine particles. OH radical formation was observed in the plant+Fe system with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The magnetite addition favoured the plant growth and endogenous H2O2. However, enhanced treatments by phyto-Fenton process were not enhanced in the presence of magnetite particles, but the plants+soil CWs showed better removal efficiencies compared to the soil CWs.
Study on Safety Characteristics of Gate Valve Transient Operation in High Temperature Molten Salt Thermal Energy Storage System
Authors: Bing Wang , Changhong Peng , Yun Guo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
At present, the new energy industry in the world is thriving, but there are obvious intermittent and random characteristics of various power generation methods such as solar energy and wind power. The molten salt energy storage power generation system can effectively reduce the peak fluctuations of the power grid and greatly improve the overall economic advantage. As an important component of the pipe system, the gate valve is widely used in power generation systems. Because molten salt systems may face faster power changes so during certain transient process, the main gate valve may have to withstand rapid changes in mass flow and temperature, which may cause rapid changes in the temperature field of the valve body, resulting in additional thermal stress. In this paper, the CFD method is used to analysis the flow and temperature fields of the main gate valve during the transient process. The key to success is to describe the geometry as accurately as possible and to build a reasonable grid because of larger calculation quality for transient. Then based on the temperature field of valve body the thermal stress and change law can be obtained, which can provide guidance for the design of the gate valve.
Analysis of Climatic Potential Productivity and Wheat Production in Different Producing Areas of the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Li X S , Zheng C L , Cao C Y , Dang H K , Sun J S , Li K J , Ma J Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cultivation patterns under water saving management are closely related to climate change and crop productivity. Survey data for wheat production in China, Canada, and the USA from 1965 to 2014 was analyzed through classification statistics, comparative analysis and weighting methods. The results showed that China, Canada and the USA wheat grain production accounts for 26.49% to 34.68% of global wheat production. Of these three countries, both the highest total yield and the highest average yield per area sown were in China post 1985. Since 2000, China has accounted for 10.70% to 11.12% of global wheat planted area, producing 15.73% to 17.45% of global wheat output. Achieving high wheat yield in China was mainly based on consuming more irrigation water. The per capita arable land in China, Canada and the USA was 0.10 ha, 1.31 ha and 0.70 ha, respectively. The per capita arable land in Hebei, China, Saskatchewan, Canada and Oklahoma, USA was 0.09 ha, 16.11 ha and 3.48 ha, respectively. Hengshui, China (HS) produces two crops a year. Outlook, Saskatchewan, Canada (OK) and Woodward, Oklahoma, USA (WW) produce one crop a year. Mean precipitation averages 109 mm, 210 mm and 291mm during the wheat growing season, respectively. Due to less per capita arable land in China, achieving high yield means higher water consumption, which creates a sharp contradiction between water scarcity and demand for grain in China. Consequently, high water use efficiency technologies in agriculture are more needed in China than in the other two countries. High demand for water at post 1985 yield levels cannot be met by rain-fed production in HS. Grain yields of 5975.6 kg/ha to 7031.2 kg/ha can be achieved with irrigation. Economic benefits mainly determine wheat production in the USA and Canada, whereas in China production is driven by food security and sustainable production goals. The conclusions of this paper could provide a reference for wheat production in different regions.
Innovative Eco Biofilter/Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology for Community Wastewater Recycling
Authors: Taesopapong S. , Ratanatamskul C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Eco Biofilter/Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) has been developed in this research as a compact wastewater treatment for community wastewater recycling. The system installs the baked clay filter as eco-friendly biomedia in order to replace plastic media that can cause plastic pollution to aquatic environment. Ceramic microfiltration membrane (MF) with the pore size of 0.4 micron is submerged inside the Eco Biofilter/Membrane Bioreactor. The system received wastewater from a community area in Chiang Rak Yai, Pathumthani province, that is located in the east of Chaophraya River. The community consists of 350 households, who regularly use water from the Chaophraya River. It is a very urgent issue to develop the appropriate wastewater treatment to protect the river water quality for water supply production. At present, the overall water quality of the Chaophraya River is falling into category 4, which is in poor water quality level. In this research, the developed Eco biofilter/MBR technology can significantly reduce BOD, oil&grease, TSS and FCB. It also could achieve stable treatment performance as above 70% removal efficiencies for Total Phosphorus and Kjeldahl Nitrogen. Moreover, the effluent quality after the treatment meets international standard for agricultural water reuse purpose for food crops, processed food crops and non-food crop.
The present situation, problems and countermeasures of green investment in China
Authors: Huang Lei , Bai Bo , Ji Junping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
China’s multi-level and multi-channel green investment system currently consists of international financial institutions, government agencies, commercial banks, foundations, securities market and PPP projects. By sorting out and summarizing the investment of relevant social investors in pollution prevention and control, protection and improvement of ecological environment, new energy and related activities, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the scale of green investment in various channels and the characteristics of capital investment to understand the current situation and problems of green investment in China. At the same time, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to solve the problems such as unblocked financing channels, high financing costs, single and inefficient investment mechanism, and insignificant leverage effect of financial funds in the green investment field.
Research on the Current Situation of Renewable Energy Investment In China
Authors: Jin Zhuxin , Tian Yushen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Vigorously investing in and developing renewable energy is a strategic measure for countries to solve energy security problems and cope with climate warming. Th is paper describes the investment status of co mmercial banks, govern ment agencies, securities markets, public-private partnership mode and international financial institutions in the field of renewable energy in China. Then it analyses the investment channels and distribution areas and gives corresponding policy recommendations. This study can provide reference for the further development of renewable energy in China and other countries.
Water chemistry and source analysis of major ions of Bangong Lake in Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Min , Zhao Liangyuan , Lin Li , Li Qingyun , Hu Yuan , Tao Jingxiang , Zou Jing yi , Tang Xianqiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bangong Lake,was an inland lake on the Tibetan Plateau, which was an international lake across China and India. The water chemistry characteristics were analyzed by testing the chemical composition of the lake water in Bangong Lake. The Gibbs diagram was used to explore the main controlling factors of lake water, and the main ion source of lake water was described in combination with the proportion of dissolved ions. The results showed that the center was brackish water and the east was fresh water of the Bangong Lake with a weak alkaline water. From the surface to the bottom, the temperature, dissolved oxygen and redox potential were decreasing, while the conductivity was increasing. The main cation of lake water was Na+, the main anion was Cl-, and the main chemical type was SO4-Cl-Na. The soluble ions in the central water were mainly controlled by evaporation and concentration, while the soluble ions in the eastern water were mainly controlled by rock weathering. The cations in the water were mainly derived from the silicate rock weathering and the dissolution of evaporite, and the anions was mainly derived from the dissolution of evaporite.
A review on the research status of reliability analysis of the digital instrument and control system in NPPs
Authors: Liang Q Z , Guo Y , Peng C H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The widely use of digital instrument and control (I&C) systems in nuclear power plants (NPPs) and their important role in plant safety put forward the requirement for developing reliability modeling for digital systems with the capacity to be integrated into the existing probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) framework. However, challenges arise in the reliability analysis which mainly come from the modeling of complex interactions among the system hardware, software, controlled process physics, and operator. Generally, these factors are analyzed separately since at present there isn’t universal methods for modeling them in a uniform framework. In this paper, the research status of reliability modeling methodologies, software reliability assessment methods and human reliability analysis for digital instrument and control systems in NPPs were introduced. The survey results show that ET/FT is still the mainstream method in reliability studies of digital systems in NPPs, and DFM is a dynamic method with great potential. At present, there is no generally accepted software reliability analysis method. The researches about human errors under digital environment and the theoretical basis of corresponding human reliability analysis method is being developed.
New Horizons in the use of routine data for ageing research
Authors: Todd Oliver M , Burton Jennifer K , Dodds Richard M , Hollinghurst Joe , Lyons Ronan A , Quinn Terence J , Schneider Anna , Walesby Katherine E , Wilkinson Chris , Conroy Simon , Gale Chris P , Hall Marlous , Walters Kate , Clegg Andrew P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The past three decades have seen a steady increase in the availability of routinely collected health and social care data and the processing power to analyse it. These developments represent a major opportunity for ageing research, especially with the integration of different datasets across traditional boundaries of health and social care, for prognostic research and novel evaluations of interventions with representative populations of older people. However, there are considerable challenges in using routine data at the level of coding, data analysis and in the application of findings to everyday care. New Horizons in applying routine data to investigate novel questions in ageing research require a collaborative approach between clinicians, data scientists, biostatisticians, epidemiologists and trial methodologists. This requires building capacity for the next generation of research leaders in this important area. There is a need to develop consensus code lists and standardised, validated algorithms for common conditions and outcomes that are relevant for older people to maximise the potential of routine data research in this group. Lastly, we must help drive the application of routine data to improve the care of older people, through the development of novel methods for evaluation of interventions using routine data infrastructure. We believe that harnessing routine data can help address knowledge gaps for older people living with multiple conditions and frailty, and design interventions and pathways of care to address the complex health issues we face in caring for older people.
PARC: ultrafast and accurate clustering of phenotypic data of millions of single cells
Authors: Stassen Shobana V , Siu Dickson M D , Lee Kelvin C M , Ho Joshua W K , So Hayden K H , Tsia Kevin K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
New single-cell technologies continue to fuel the explosive growth in the scale of heterogeneous single-cell data. However, existing computational methods are inadequately scalable to large datasets and therefore cannot uncover the complex cellular heterogeneity.

Results
We introduce a highly scalable graph-based clustering algorithm PARC—Phenotyping by Accelerated Refined Community-partitioning—for large-scale, high-dimensional single-cell data (&gt;1 million cells). Using large single-cell flow and mass cytometry, RNA-seq and imaging-based biophysical data, we demonstrate that PARC consistently outperforms state-of-the-art clustering algorithms without subsampling of cells, including Phenograph, FlowSOM and Flock, in terms of both speed and ability to robustly detect rare cell populations. For example, PARC can cluster a single-cell dataset of 1.1 million cells within 13 min, compared with &gt;2 h for the next fastest graph-clustering algorithm. Our work presents a scalable algorithm to cope with increasingly large-scale single-cell analysis.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/ShobiStassen/PARC.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Differential effect of lacosamide on Nav1.7 variants from responsive and non-responsive patients with small fibre neuropathy
Authors: Labau Julie I R , Estacion Mark , Tanaka Brian S , de Greef Bianca T A , Hoeijmakers Janneke G J , Geerts Margot , Gerrits Monique M , Smeets Hubert J M , Faber Catharina G , Merkies Ingemar S J , Lauria Giuseppe , Dib-Hajj Sulayman D , Waxman Stephen G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Small fibre neuropathy is a common pain disorder, which in many cases fails to respond to treatment with existing medications. Gain-of-function mutations of voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 underlie dorsal root ganglion neuronal hyperexcitability and pain in a subset of patients with small fibre neuropathy. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that lacosamide, which blocks sodium channels in a use-dependent manner, attenuates pain in some patients with Nav1.7 mutations; however, only a subgroup of these patients responded to the drug. Here, we used voltage-clamp recordings to evaluate the effects of lacosamide on five Nav1.7 variants from patients who were responsive or non-responsive to treatment. We show that, at the clinically achievable concentration of 30 μM, lacosamide acts as a potent sodium channel inhibitor of Nav1.7 variants carried by responsive patients, via a hyperpolarizing shift of voltage-dependence of both fast and slow inactivation and enhancement of use-dependent inhibition. By contrast, the effects of lacosamide on slow inactivation and use-dependence in Nav1.7 variants from non-responsive patients were less robust. Importantly, we found that lacosamide selectively enhances fast inactivation only in variants from responders. Taken together, these findings begin to unravel biophysical underpinnings that contribute to responsiveness to lacosamide in patients with small fibre neuropathy carrying select Nav1.7 variants.
Laser management of hypertrophic burn scars: a comprehensive review
Authors: Klifto Kevin M , Asif Mohammed , Hultman C Scott 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hypertrophic scars often develop following burn-related injuries. These scars can be cosmetically unappealing, but associated symptoms of pruritus, pain and restricted range of motion can impair a person’s quality of life. Laser and light therapies offer a minimally invasive, low-risk approach to treatment, with a short postoperative recovery period. As laser technology developed, studies have shown decreased scar thickness, neuropathic pain and need for surgical excision, as well as improved scar pigmentation, erythema, pliability, texture, height and pruritus. In this review, we present the evolution of laser therapy for hypertrophic burn scars, how different types of lasers work, indications, perioperative considerations and guidelines for practice management.
Rapid separation and identification of myoglobin and hemoglobin in urine by centrifugation through a microconcentrator membrane.
Authors: Kelner M J , Alexander N M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Urinary myoglobin (Mr = 16 500) is readily separated from hemoglobin (Mr = 64 000) by centrifugation through a microconcentrator membrane with a 30 000-Da cutoff. Myoglobin, but not hemoglobin, will pass through the membrane, after which each fraction may be separately analyzed by spectrophotometry. This technique is advantageous over direct spectrophotometry of urine because it is not restricted to analyzing the oxy forms of these hemoproteins and obviates the difficulty of discriminating small (3 nm) differences in their spectra. In addition, this method of separation is more complete than that attained by differential "salting out" with ammonium sulfate, and it is simpler than gel filtration or ultrafiltration under reduced pressure.
Effect of temperature on quantifying glycated (glycosylated) hemoglobin by cation-exchange chromatography.
Authors: Flückiger R , Woodtli T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As a consequence of nonideal chromatographic conditions, values for stable glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) determined by cation-exchange chromatography in a commercial minicolumn system (y) or by "high-performance" liquid chromatography (x) differ markedly, yielding the regression line y = 0.82x + 0.6. With use of the protocol specified by the manufacturer, 20% of the HbA1c peak is not collected in the HbA1c fraction. Increasing the ionic strength of the eluting buffer by increasing the operating temperature to 28 degrees C increases the rate of elution from the minicolumn, making results of the two methods more closely comparable (y = 0.98x - 0.22). Because at a given pH the elution volume is determined primarily by the ionic strength, close limits on the composition of the eluting buffer are set by the temperature-dependence of its ionic strength. At a specified temperature and pH the position of a peak can be judged to within a volume of 1 mL if the conductivity of the eluent does not vary by more than +/- 0.05 mS.
Liquid-chromatographic study of fluorescent compounds in hemodialysate solutions.
Authors: Barnett A L , Veening H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have separated and identified three endogenous, naturally fluorescent substances in uremic hemodialysate by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Co-chromatography with authentic standards, monitoring peak shifts after enzymic treatment, and spectrofluorescence measurements were used to confirm the identity of indican, tryptophan, and indole-3-acetic acid. Concentrations of indican were about 1.5 those of tryptophan and considerably greater than those of indole-3-acetic acid in hemodialysate samples from 12 renal patients. These three compounds, as well as eight unidentified components, were consistently present in dialysate samples from each of the 12 patients.
Analytical and clinical evaluation of a radioimmunoassay for gastrin.
Authors: Lindstedt G , Olbe L , Kilander A F , Armbrecht U , Jagenburg R , Runsteen D , Lundberg P A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Prior to a study of the pathophysiological significance of chronic atrophic gastritis and hypergastrinemia, we evaluated a new radioimmunoassay kit for serum total gastrin (Diagnostic Products Corp.). The mean intra-assay CV ranged from 2 to 5% (2386 patients' samples in 47 assay runs done during four months). Total CVs for two controls ranged from 4 to 10%. Within-assay bias was 5%. Oleate decreased the values, indicating that intravenous heparin, which releases endothelial lipase, causing in vitro lipolysis, should be avoided if indwelling catheters are used for sampling, e.g., during provocation tests for gastrin release. Of three other commercial kits examined, two were affected by oleate. Other anions such as heparin and EDTA also affected the assay. Values for gastrin in heparinized plasma from surgical patients representing a variety of disorders agreed well with results obtained by a reference laboratory. We confirm the usefulness of this assay for discriminating clinical situations and conclude that ligand assays, besides those for thyroid assessment, should be assessed for interference from nonesterified fatty acids. Preliminary data also suggest a marked age dependence of serum gastrin concentration.
Performance of five thyroid-function tests by radioimmunoassays with antibodies attached to paramagnetic micro-particles.
Authors: Ng R H , Porter A , Leddy M , Statland B E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have assessed the analytical and clinical performance of five thyroid-function tests by commercially available radioimmunoassays in which antibodies attached to paramagnetic micro-particles are used (Corning MAGIC assays). We evaluated the methods for measuring thyroxin, triiodothyronine, triiodothyronine uptake, thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone), and free thyroxin. Precision, patients' results, and clinical correlation of the MAGIC assays were similar to those of the well-established RIAs used as the comparative methods in this study; the MAGIC assays, however, are much faster and easier to perform.