bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EGFRmutations andROS1andALKrearrangements in a large series of non‐small cell lung cancer in South India
Authors: Tarigopula Anil , Ramasubban Gayathri , Chandrashekar Vani , Govindasami Perumal , Chandran Chitra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDriver mutations are seen in 80% of lung adenocarcinomas, and they influence prognosis and choice of therapy.AimAim of this study was to analyse the frequency of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations,ALKandROS1rearrangements and their association with age and gender in non‐small cell lung cancer reported from a tertiary care center in South India.MethodsTumors from patients with non‐small cell carcinoma of lung were evaluated forEGFRmutations,ALKandROS1rearrangements and their association with age and gender were studied.ResultsTwo thirds of non‐small cell carcinomas had driver mutations or rearrangements.EGFRmutation was common and seen in 34.1%, whereasALKrearrangement was seen in 11.1% andROS1rearrangement in 2% patients. AmongEGFRmutations, most common were Exon 19 deletion and L858R seen in 21.3% and 11% of patients, respectively. Adenocarcinoma was the histologic diagnosis in 81% to 85% of patients with exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation, respectively.EGFRmutation frequency in patients less than 36 years was 13.6%, whereas in older patients, it varied from 34% to 36%. Exon 19 deletion was seen in 29.8% females and 17.2% of males.ConclusionEGFRmutations are more common thanALKandROS1rearrangements. They are more common in females. Patients less than 36 years have reduced frequency ofEGFRmutations. Exon 19 deletion and L858R are most common and are more prevalent in lung adenocarcinomas. RareEGFRmutations are seen in patients aged more than 50 years.
Synthesis and Characterization of Double‐Salt Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Comprising both 4‐Chloro‐2‐methylphenoxyacetate and trans‐Cinnamate Anions
Authors: Szymaniak Daria , Maćkowiak Adam , Ciarka Kamil , Praczyk Tadeusz , Marcinkowska Katarzyna , Pernak Juliusz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis and characteristics are presented of novel double‐salt herbicidal ionic liquids (DSHILs) that contain 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxyacetate and trans‐cinnamate anions. In the designed synthesis, an anion of natural origin and a herbicidal anion were combined with an amphiphilic bisammonium cation to obtain new DSHILs with high herbicidal activity while high biocompatibility is maintained. The NMR and HRMS spectral analysis confirmed that the target structures were formed. Furthermore, HPLC analyses indicated that, as assumed, both anions were present in equimolar amounts. Experiments regarding the herbicidal effectiveness confirmed that the synthesized DSHILs exhibited high biological activity. The solutions of DSHILs applied during greenhouse studies were characterized by a low contact angle (approx. 55–67°) and surface tension (approx. 32–35 mN m−1), which facilitated the contact of the active substance with the plant surface and penetration of the herbicide into the plant tissues.
The relationship between prototype ratings of personality and self and interpersonal functioning with an adolescent inpatient sample
Authors: Haggerty Greg , Esang Michael , Salaheldin Khalid , Lima Ateaya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPersonality pathology is conceptualized, in part, as impairments in self and interpersonal functioning. Although most of the research has focused on adult samples, fewer have looked at this relationship in adolescent samples. This paper investigates the relationship between clinician‐rated personality prototypes, the Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure‐Prototype Matching Adolescent Version (SWAP‐A‐P) derived from the SWAP‐II‐A, and a measure of self and interpersonal functioning, the Social Cognition and Object Relation Scale‐Global Rating (SCORS‐G). Clinicians rated 66 adolescents hospitalized at a safety net teaching hospital in the northeast. The patient's individual and group therapist rated the patients at discharge using the SWAP‐A‐P and the SCORS‐G at discharge blind to each other's ratings. Results showed that more severe personality pathology was linked with more impairments in self and interpersonal functioning.
Data File Standard for Flow Cytometry, Version FCS 3.2
Authors: Spidlen Josef , Moore Wayne , Parks David , Goldberg Michael , Blenman Kim , Cavenaugh James S. ,   the ISAC Data Standards Task Force, Brinkman Ryan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFCS 3.2 is a revision of the flow cytometry data standard based on a decade of suggested improvements from the community as well as industry needs to capture instrument conditions and measurement features more precisely. The unchanged goal of the standard is to provide a uniform file format that allows files created by one type of acquisition hardware and software to be analyzed by any other type. The standard retains the overall FCS file structure and most features of previous versions, but also contains a few changes that were required to support new types of data and use cases efficiently. These changes are incompatible with existing FCS file readers. Notably, FCS 3.2 supports mixed data types to, for example, allow FCS measurements that are intrinsically integers (e.g., indices or class assignments) or measurements that are commonly captured as integers (e.g., time ticks) to be more represented as integer values, while capturing other measurements as floating‐point values in the same FCS data set. In addition, keywords explicitly specifying dyes, detectors, and analytes were added to avoid having to extract those heuristically and unreliably from measurement names. Types of measurements were formalized, several keywords added, others removed, or deprecated, and various aspects of the specification were clarified. A reference implementation of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) calculation is provided in two programming languages since a correct CRC implementation was problematic for many vendors. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Smokey the Beaver: beaver‐dammed riparian corridors stay green during wildfire throughout the western United States
Authors: Fairfax Emily , Whittle Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBeaver dams are gaining popularity as a low‐tech, low‐cost strategy to build climate resiliency at the landscape scale. They slow and store water that can be accessed by riparian vegetation during dry periods, effectively protecting riparian ecosystems from droughts. Whether or not this protection extends to wildfire has been discussed anecdotally but has not been examined in a scientific context. We used remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data to compare riparian vegetation greenness in areas with and without beaver damming during wildfire. We include data from five large wildfires of varying burn severity and dominant landcover settings in the western United States in our analysis. We found that beaver‐dammed riparian corridors are relatively unaffected by wildfire when compared to similar riparian corridors without beaver damming. On average, the decrease in NDVI during fire in areas without beaver is 3.05 times as large as it is in areas with beaver. However, plant greenness rebounded in the year after wildfire regardless of beaver activity. Thus, we conclude that, while beaver activity does not necessarily play a role in riparian vegetation post‐fire resilience, it does play a significant role in riparian vegetation fire resistance and refugia creation.
Sensitive environmental DNA detection via lateral flow assay (dipstick)—A case study on corallivorous crown‐of‐thorns sea star (Acanthaster cf. solaris) detection
Authors: Doyle Jason , Uthicke Sven 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) represents an emerging opportunity for species monitoring in the marine environment. One aspect that poses challenges is the ability to detect target DNA without the complexity of specialized laboratory equipment. Lateral flow is an analytical technique that has been adopted in point‐of‐care diagnostics for human, veterinary, and agricultural health. Here, we aim to use lateral flow assay as a detection method for eDNA monitoring using a commercially available nucleic acid lateral flow device (PCRD™) in combination with previously developed species‐specific mtDNA primers. Episodic population explosions of coral‐eating crown‐of‐thorns sea star (CoTS) contribute significantly to the coral reef crisis on tropical Pacific coral reefs. Laboratory testing revealed our lateral flow assay developed for CoTS was as sensitive as digital droplet PCR and able to detect < 10 copies of target DNA, per PCR. Furthermore, the lateral flow assay was completed in less than half the time compared with digital droplet PCR and cost less than half that of digital droplet PCR. We applied this method to eDNA water samples collected in field locations where CoTS were present in low (=nonoutbreak) population densities and found lateral flow assay to be sufficiently sensitive to detect these populations. Detection of low‐density CoTS populations is critical for early warning of outbreaks and leads to early management interventions (e.g., culling). Importantly, we demonstrate that with species‐specific primers, the development and application of lateral flow assay methods for eDNA detection are feasible, for example, for invasive or threatened species, or those with high conservation value.
Adsorption, Thermodynamic, and Experimental Studies of Corrosion Inhibitor of Tin in 0.2 M Maleic Acid by Hydrogen Phosphate Ions (HPO42−)
Authors: Ait Addi Brahim , Ait Addi Abdelaziz , Shaban Abdul , Ait Addi El‐Habib , Hamdani Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe inhibition efficiency of H2PO42− ions against tin corrosion in 0.2 M maleic acid is studied using electrochemical methods, surface analytical methods, and thermodynamic analysis. The potentiodynamic polarization plots showed the presence of an active/passive transition state of the tin electrode. The EIS measurements confirmed that the inhibition efficiency of H2PO42− increased by increasing the concentration (η=81 % at Cinh=2.10−2 M) and decreased by rising the temperature. The polarization tests demonstrated that the inhibitor performs as a cathodic‐type. The adsorption of the inhibitor was spontaneous and followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A model of the inhibition mechanism was suggested.
Availability, affordability, and quality of essential antiepileptic drugs in Lao PDR
Authors: Sengxeu Noudy , Dufat Hanh , Boumediene Farid , Vorachit Somchit , Chivorakoun Phetvongsinh , Souvong Vimalay , Manithip Chanthanom , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Ratsimbazafy Voa , Jost Jeremy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is a chronic condition treatable by cost‐effective antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), but limited access to treatment was documented. The availability and affordability of good quality of AEDs play a significant role in access to good health care. This study aimed to assess the availability, affordability, and quality of long‐term AEDs in Lao PDR.MethodA cross‐sectional study was performed in both public and private drug supply chains in urban and rural areas in Lao PDR. Data on AEDs availability and price were obtained through drug suppliers. Affordability was estimated as the number of day wages the lowest‐paid government employee must work to purchase a monthly treatment. Samples of AEDs were collected, and the quality of AEDs was assessed through Medicine Quality Assessment Reporting Guidelines.ResultsOut of 237 outlets visited, only 50 outlets (21.1% [95% CI 16.1‐26.8]) had at least one AED available. The availability was significantly different between urban (24.9%) and rural areas (10.0%), P = .017. Phenobarbital 100 mg was the most available (14.3%); followed by sodium valproate 200 mg (9.7%), phenytoin 100 mg (9.7%), and carbamazepine 200 mg (8.9%). In provincial/district hospitals and health centers, AEDs were provided free of charge. In other healthcare facilities, phenytoin 100 mg and phenobarbital 100 mg showed the best affordability (1.0 and 1.2 day wages, respectively) compared to carbamazepine 200 mg (2.3 days) and other AEDs. No sample was identified as counterfeit, but 15.0% [95% CI 7.1‐26.6] of samples were classified as of poor quality.SignificanceWe quantified and qualified the various factors contributing to the high treatment gap in Lao PDR, adding to diagnostic issues (not assessed here). Availability remains very low and phenobarbital which is the most available and affordable AED was the worst in terms of quality. A drug policy addressing epilepsy treatment gap would reduce these barriers.
Secure transmission for wireless collaborative systems based on second‐order channel statistics
Authors: Yan Lei , Lu Jihua , Yang Zhiliang , Liu Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the maximum secrecy rates (SRs) and the optimal beamforming schemes for a collaborative wireless network under uncertain channel levels of available second‐order statistics. Both decode‐and‐forward (DF) and amplify‐and‐forward (AF) strategies under the aggregate and individual power constraints are considered. We have derived the maximum SRs and the optimal beamforming vectors under aforementioned conditions and an efficient cooperation paradigm to provide secrecy in a multirelay environment. A closed‐form maximum SR in the DF scheme under aggregate power constraint is presented. Next, the upper and lower bounds for the maximum SR under aggregate power constraint in the AF scheme is derived. The optimization problem in the AF scheme can be converted into a convex semidefinite programming problem, which is efficiently solved by the bisection method. Moreover, the optimal beamforming weights are also obtained to maximize the SRs under both aggregate and individual relay power constraints. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithms.
Service‐oriented routing with Markov space‐time graph in low earth orbit satellite networks
Authors: Dai Cui‐Qin , Liao Guangyan , Chen Qianbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow earth orbit (LEO) satellite network has been more and more widely used because of its advantages of low delay, low overhead, and flexible networking. However, the reliability and effectiveness of data transmission are affected by the specific characteristics of LEO satellite networks (LSN), such as time‐varying topology, uneven distribution of service demands, and multiple types of service. In this article, a service‐oriented routing with Markov space‐time graph (SOR‐MSG) in LSN is proposed to improve the reliability and effectiveness of information transmission. First, for the time‐varying topology, a Markov space‐time graph (MSG) model is constructed by calculating the connectivity time and connectivity probability between satellite node states. Then, in light of the uneven distribution of service demands, the space‐time factor (STF) is defined to balance the network load by scheduling the intersatellite link with lower loads. After that, we formulate the general routing problem caused by different quality of service (QoS) requirements for multimedia services and uneven load distribution and propose a multi‐QoS optimization objective function according to delay, remaining bandwidth, packet loss rate, and STF. Following this, based on the established MSG, the state transition rule and pheromone updating rule are optimally adjusted to select the next hop node, so as to finally determine the best information transmission path. Finally, the simulation results show that the SOR‐MSG algorithm can not only adapt to dynamically changing topologies and meet multiservice QoS requirements but also well balance the network load.
Effect of geometrical parameters on thermal efficiency and fuel consumption of heaters of a natural gas pressure reduction station using Sobol statistical sensitivity analysis
Authors: Mostafavi Seyed Alireza , Taheri Moein 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe main objective of natural gas pressure reduction station or city gate stations (CGSs) is to adjust gas pressure within a standard range for home usage. CGSs usually utilize heaters for pressure tuning, which generally consume a considerable amount of energy. In this paper, the effect of six influential parameters, namely, the length of gas‐coil, the diameter of gas‐coil, the radius of heater shell, length of heater shell, fire tube diameter, and length, on the amount of fuel consumption and thermal efficiency is investigated using Sobol statistical sensitivity analysis. The results show that gas‐coil length and diameter are not effective in fuel consumption and thermal efficiency. In contrast, increasing the heater shell radius, heater shell length, and fire tube radius has the same effect as they cause a linear increase in fuel consumption. According to results taken from Sobol analysis, they similarly have an influence of 19%–23% on fuel consumption and 21%–22% on thermal efficiency. Finally, it was revealed that the effect of fire tube length on fuel consumption and thermal efficiency of the heater was 37% and 35%, respectively.
Solar light‐induced photocatalytic degradation of methylparaben by g‐C3N4 in different water matrices
Authors: Arvaniti Olga S , Petala Athanasia , Zalaora Athanasia‐Artemis , Mantzavinos Dionissios , Frontistis Zacharias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized via calcination of urea under argon flow and tested for methyl paraben (MeP) degradation in aqueous media under simulated solar light for the first time. Its structural, morphological, and optical properties were investigated with the use of X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area analysis method.RESULTSThe as‐synthesized g‐C3N4 exhibited high photocatalytic performance towards the degradation of MeP in ultra‐pure water (UPW), yielding a near‐complete elimination after 90 min of irradiation. Experimental results revealed that the photocatalytic reaction followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of MeP was found to be strongly pH‐dependent. Experiments in real water matrices (bottled water (BW) and wastewater (WW)), as well as in UPW, spiked with inorganic and organic additives (bicarbonate ions, humic acid) affected the target compound degradation. For instance, the apparent rate constant of MeP in UPW was approximately 4 and 8 times greater than that of BW and WW, respectively. The addition of persulfate ions in the reaction mixture enhanced the performance of the present photocatalytic system. Trapping experiments revealed that photogenerated holes play a leading role in the photocatalytic degradation of MeP.CONCLUSIONOur findings demonstrate that g‐C3N4 photocatalysis can be used as an efficient technology for the removal of hazardous organic micropollutants, such as parabens. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Validation of the “My Headache Checker” that includes osmophobia in the diagnosis of migraine
Authors: Matsushita Masahide , Matsumoto Kaori , Kitamura Satoko , Komatsu Naoki , Seo Hiromi , Takeuchi Seisho 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is a common headache disorder, with a 1 year prevalence rate of 6.0 %. However, less than 10% of patients with migraine receive medication in hospital. “My Headache Checker,” a brief and self‐administered migraine screening tool, which includes osmophobia in addition to the ID‐Migraine™ three‐item subset, was developed. The objective of this study was to analyze the applicability of “My Headache Checker” in Japanese patients.MethodsA total of 238 patients visiting the outpatient department were enrolled in the study. The patients’ chief complaint was not headache. “My Headache Checker” was administered to the patients. Subsequently, they were evaluated by a generalist for the diagnosis of headache. The clinical diagnosis of headache was determined based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders Ⅲ.ResultsTwenty (8.4%) patients satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of migraine. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of “My Headache Checker” were 0.90, 0.83, 0.69, and 0.95, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the ID‐Migraine™ were 0.90, 0.85, 0.72, and 0.95, respectively.ConclusionThe majority of migraine patients are missed in busy outpatient departments. Our results suggest that “My Headache Checker” is a useful tool in diagnosing unrecognized migraine patients. However, the addition of osmophobia did not contribute to improve the screening power of the ID‐Migraine™.
Common respiratory viral infections: Bilateral versus unilateral bronchoalveolar lavage versus endotracheal aspiration
Authors: Anastasiou Olympia E. , Theodoropoulos Fotis , Taube Christian , Fiedler Melanie , Dittmer Ulf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractData about the diagnostic efficiency of bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples and endotracheal aspirates (EA) testing for common viral respiratory infections are scarce. We analyzed data from 167 cases, where bilateral BAL samples were tested, and from 101 cases, where BAL samples and EA were tested. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with the fast track diagnostics viral respiratory panel, producing data on the adenovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, human metapneumovirus, bocavirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus status of patients with respiratory disease symptoms. In the bilateral BAL cohort, 46 (27.5%) cases were positive for at least one of the viruses mentioned above in both samples. Discrepant results (virus not detected on one side) were seen in six (3.6%) cases. In the BAL versus EA cohort, 12 (11.9%) cases were positive in both materials, discrepant results (only one material being positive) were observed in 11 (10.9%) cases, with seven (63.6%) BAL samples, and four (36.4%) EA being positive. Bilateral sampling does not significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency of BAL for the detection of common respiratory viral pathogens via PCR. The diagnostic quality of EA and BAL samples for the detection of common viral respiratory pathogens is comparable.
A novel and simple scoring system for assessing the indication for catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation: The HEAL‐AF Score
Authors: Otsuka Takayuki , Suzuki Shinya , Arita Takuto , Yagi Naoharu , Ikeda Takanori , Yamashita Takeshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionA scoring system to determine indications for catheter ablation (CA) in atrial fibrillation (AF) is desired.Methods and ResultsAmong 2898 consecutive patients with AF, CA was performed in 938 (32.4%). A new HEAL‐AF score has been developed by six variables, all of which were independently associated with CA by multivariate analysis and for each 1 point was assigned: heart failure ≥ NYHA II, elderly patients (age ≥75 years), asymptomatic AF, long‐standing persistent AF, atrial dilation (left atrial diameter ≥ 50 mm), and female sex. Low HEAL‐AF score was associated with high incidence of CA performance (52.0% for 0, 36.5% for 1, 15.1% for 2, and 5.6% for ≥ 3) and the predictive capability of this score by AUC of ROC curve was 0.720 (95% CI 0.701‐0.739, P < .001). The rates of freedom from AF/AT recurrence were 73.2% in HEAL‐AF score 0, 71.0% in 1, 60.0% in 2, and 50.0% in ≥ 3 (log‐rank test, P = .004). HEAL‐AF score 2 and ≥ 3 were significantly associated with recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia as compared with HEAL‐AF 0 (HR 1.755, P = .002, and HR 2.211, P = .007, respectively).ConclusionsA new HEAL‐AF score was associated with patient indication for and the recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia after CA in patients with AF. Prescription of CA should be considered carefully in AF patients with HEAL‐AF score of 2 and ≥ 3.