bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law and Order in Exile Communities in Early Modern Norfolk
Authors: JOBY CHRISTOPHER 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn November 1565, Queen Elizabeth issued Letters Patent permitting thirty textile masters from the Low Countries to settle in Norwich and practice their trade. By early 1566, two language communities, one Dutch and the other French, had been established, each with its own church. However, in the wake of the Iconoclastic Fury in the Low Countries, which began in August 1566, many Calvinists left their homes and moved to Norwich. By 1568, the number of exiles in the town exceeded 2000. This led to tensions between the exile community and local people. Alongside a raft of regulations setting limits on the exiles’ commercial activities, the local authorities asked the Dutch and French communities to elect officials to maintain order within their communities and to act as a bridge in relations with the Anglophone community. These officials, known as politicke mannen in Dutch and hommes politiques in French, were elected annually for over 150 years. This article examines how they kept order within their communities and how they maintained relations with the local authorities, above all the mayor and the town council. It does so using correspondence and two minute‐books of the weekly meetings of these officials in the town's Guildhall. Furthermore, the article examines how this ad hoc solution to the sudden influx of migrants provided a template for the maintaining of law and order in other English towns with significant exile communities.
Ecological and DNA barcoding analysis of Lema (Lema) diversipes for biological control of the invasive Pueraria lobata in Korea
Authors: Kim Joong Youb , Han Yeong‐Deok , Park Jinyoung , Lee Jong Eun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite the medicinal benefits of Pueraria lobata (kudzu), it stands as an invasive species that disrupts forest ecosystems, prompting the exploration of natural predators for its control. This study presents the first comprehensive report on Lema (Lema) diversipes, Pic, 1921, a beetle species that uses kudzu as its host, with significant implications for forest ecosystem dynamics. Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations of its larva stage are provided for the first time. Additionally, partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, a domestic distribution map, and biological notes are included.
Actinomycetota From Macroalgae as Rich Source for Natural Products Discovery Revealed Through Culture‐Dependent and ‐Independent Approaches
Authors: Girão Mariana , Rego Adriana , Fonseca Ana C. , Cao Weiwei , Jia Zhongjun , Urbatzka Ralph , Leão Pedro N. , Carvalho Maria F. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTActinomycetota are unrivalled producers of bioactive natural products, with strains living in association with macroalgae representing a prolific—yet largely unexplored—source of specialised chemicals. In this work, we have investigated the bioactive potential of Actinomycetota from macroalgae through culture‐dependent and ‐independent approaches. A bioprospecting pipeline was applied to a collection of 380 actinobacterial strains, recovered from two macroalgae species collected in the Portuguese northern shore—Codium tomentosum and Chondrus crispus—in order to explore their ability to produce antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and lipid‐reducing compounds. Around 43% of the crude extracts showed activity in at least one of the screenings performed: 111 presented antimicrobial activity at 1 mg/mL, 83 significantly decreased cancer cells viability at 15 μg/mL and 5 reduced lipid content in zebrafish > 60% at 15 ug/mL. Dereplication of active extracts unveiled the presence of compounds that could explain most of the recorded results, but also unknown molecules in the metabolome of several strains, highlighting the opportunity for discovery. The bioactive potential of the actinobacterial community from the same macroalgae specimens, which served as the source for the aforementioned Actinomycetota collection, was also explored through metagenomics analysis, allowing to obtain a broader picture of its functional diversity and novelty. A total of 133 biosynthetic gene clusters recovered from metagenomic contigs and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). These were grouped into 91 gene cluster families, 83 of which shared less than 30% of similarity to database entries. Our findings provided by culture‐dependent and ‐independent approaches underscore the potential held by actinomycetes from macroalgae as reservoirs for novel bioactive natural products.
Optimising Sampling Design for Landscape Genomics
Authors: Bishop Anusha P. , Terasaki Hart Drew E. , Wang Ian J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLandscape genomic approaches for detecting genotype‐environment associations (GEA), isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE) have seen a dramatic increase in use, but there have been few thorough analyses of the influence of sampling strategy on their performance under realistic genomic and environmental conditions. We simulated 24,000 datasets across a range of scenarios with complex population dynamics and realistic landscape structure to evaluate the effects of the spatial distribution and number of samples on common landscape genomics methods. Our results show that common analyses are relatively robust to sampling scheme as long as sampling covers enough environmental and geographic space. We found that for detecting adaptive loci and estimating IBE, sampling schemes that were explicitly designed to increase coverage of available environmental space matched or outperformed sampling schemes that only considered geographic space. When sampling does not cover adequate geographic and environmental space, such as with transect‐based sampling, we detected fewer adaptive loci and had higher error when estimating IBD and IBE. We found that IBD could be detected with as few as nine sampling sites, while large sample sizes (e.g., greater than 100 individuals) were crucial for detecting adaptive loci and IBE. We also demonstrate that, even with optimal sampling strategies, landscape genomic analyses are highly sensitive to landscape structure and migration—when spatial autocorrelation and migration are weak, common GEA methods fail to detect adaptive loci.
Photoreceptor‐RPE loss ratio and fundus autofluorescence patterns as predictive factors for lesion progression in geographic atrophy
Authors: Egger Daniel , Doll Barbara , Gonzalez Corinne , Ahmadzai Philipp , Heger Katharina A. , Kreid Barbara , Montuoro Alessio , Link Jasmin , Yamaguchi Taffeta Chingning , Esmaeelpour Marieh , Waldstein Sebastian M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the impact of the ratio between photoreceptor (PR) loss and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) loss on the progression of geographic atrophy (GA) and to explore correlations between abnormal fundus autofluorescence (FAF) patterns and the PR‐RPE loss ratio.DesignSingle‐centre, retrospective case series.MethodsMultimodal images from 87 treatment‐naïve patients with GA and a follow‐up of 6–24 months were included. Geographic atrophy areas on FAF images and areas of PR‐RPE loss on optical coherence tomography images at baseline were manually annotated, and FAF patterns were classified. The impact of these biomarkers on GA progression through month 24 as measured on FAF was evaluated using random slope and intercept models and Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ).ResultsMean square‐root GA growth rate was 0.27 ± 0.28 mm per year. Mean PR‐RPE loss ratio at baseline was 2.16 ± 1.75. Fundus autofluorescence patterns “diffuse” and “diffuse trickling” showed higher PR‐RPE loss ratios at baseline and contributed statistically significantly to the slope of GA progression (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0019). Baseline GA lesion size was negatively correlated to PR‐RPE loss ratios at baseline (ρ = −0.47, p < 0.0001). Overall, GA growth was higher in patients with higher PR‐RPE loss ratios at baseline (ρ = 0.35, p = 0.0011), and the ratio's contribution to the slope of GA progression was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).ConclusionEyes with higher PR‐RPE loss ratios were more likely to exhibit FAF patterns “diffuse” and “diffuse trickling” and showed higher GA progression rates. Baseline characteristics derived from FAF and OCT images may thus offer information on lesion progression.
Face and voice identity matching accuracy is not improved by multimodal identity information
Authors: Smith Harriet M. J. , Ritchie Kay L. , Baguley Thom S. , Lavan Nadine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIdentity verification from both faces and voices can be error‐prone. Previous research has shown that faces and voices signal concordant information and cross‐modal unfamiliar face‐to‐voice matching is possible, albeit often with low accuracy. In the current study, we ask whether performance on a face or voice identity matching task can be improved by using multimodal stimuli which add a second modality (voice or face). We find that overall accuracy is higher for face matching than for voice matching. However, contrary to predictions, presenting one unimodal and one multimodal stimulus within a matching task did not improve face or voice matching compared to presenting two unimodal stimuli. Additionally, we find that presenting two multimodal stimuli does not improve accuracy compared to presenting two unimodal face stimuli. Thus, multimodal information does not improve accuracy. However, intriguingly, we find that cross‐modal face‐voice matching accuracy predicts voice matching accuracy but not face matching accuracy. This suggests cross‐modal information can nonetheless play a role in identity matching, and face and voice information combine to inform matching decisions. We discuss our findings in light of current models of person perception, and consider the implications for identity verification in security and forensic settings.
Biogas Purification by Methane and Acetate Manufacturing
Authors: Klein J. R. Mueller 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWastewater treatment plants have two persistent financial and energetic drains, the carbon dioxide content of biogas, which limits its commercial sale, and the presence of trace organics in the wastewater effluent, which damages the aquatic ecosystem, like the Great Barrier Reef. Biogas is a renewable methane resource that is underutilized due to the variable CO2 content (~40%). Biogas is energy intensive to purify and limited by the economy of scale (> 8.85 GJ/h) to large‐scale purification methods, thus small‐scale processes require development. Electrocatalytic microbes native to wastewater have been shown to convert CO2 to CH4 and acetate, however complete conversion of the CO2 content to CH4 is energy intensive. Here we show a low power bioelectrochemical fuel cell design to purify biogas to pipeline quality methane (98%), manufacture methane and/or acetate, and remove trace organics, using HCO3− as the transport charge carrier from dissolved CO2 from the biogas through an anion exchange membrane. This decreased the power required to separate CO2 from methane in biogas on a molar basis, resulting in a net energy recovery similar to current industrial systems. Magnesium anode use resulted in an energy positive system. Tests evaluated the influence of cathode potential on the current density, HCO3− ion flux and the rates and efficiencies of methane production, resulting in optimization at −0.7 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). A techno‐economic analysis modeled a positive return on investment for scaled‐up production to purify small biogas streams that are otherwise financially unrecoverable. Carbon sequestration by production of methane, acetate and solid fertilizers demonstrated profitable and energy efficient waste‐to‐resource conversion.
Co‐production in the criminal justice system: Introducing the DEVICES principles
Authors: Morgan Gemma , Jones Debbie , Walker Charlotte , Prideaux Gayle , Jones Emma 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhile the concept of co‐production is becoming embedded in mental health and social care, the criminal justice system (CJS) has been slower in embracing this approach. In this article, we draw on the findings of a process evaluation of the Include UK Hub – a co‐produced service for people with offending histories in Swansea, UK and, in doing so, introduce the DEVICES principles of co‐production. The DEVICES is derived from the empirical evaluation data and includes the following principles – Development, Empathy, Voices, Individual, Change, Empowerment, and Spaces. These principles will appeal globally to practitioners and policymakers looking to meaningfully utilise co‐production to develop services and support for people in the criminal justice system.
Utilization of graphite tailings and coal gangue in the preparation of foamed ceramics
Authors: Li Lixin , Chai Wei , Kang Jian , Liu Jixuan , Xing Jie , Li Guanglai , Zhan Zhaozhun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo enhance the effective utilization of graphite tailings and coal gangue (CG), both considered typical industrial solid waste materials, we synthesized foamed ceramics incorporating these materials. The optimization process led to improvements in compressive strength, water absorption, and thermal conductivity by regulating critical parameters, including the proportions of SiC and Na2O, as well as the duration of ball milling. Employing techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, we investigated the phase composition, high‐temperature reactions, and microstructural characteristics of the foamed ceramics. The incorporation of graphite tailings (GT) facilitated the formation of a rich network of pore structures and amorphous glass phases, which enhanced the lightweight nature, mechanical strength, and thermal insulation properties of the foamed ceramics. By analyzing the GT content as a variable, we determined that the G50C40 (GT:CG:potassium feldspar = 40:50:10) sample exhibited optimal performance overall. Under these experimental conditions, the foamed ceramic demonstrated a bulk density of 0.749 g/cm3, a compressive strength of 12.37 MPa, a thermal conductivity of 0.21 W/(m·K), and a water absorption rate of 0.79%. Therefore, it is posited that GT possesses considerable potential to broaden the application spectrum of foamed ceramics within the domain of building insulation materials.
The challenges and needs of international nurses who are assimilating to healthcare systems in the United Kingdom: Experience from the field
Authors: Laing Daphne , Smythe Analisa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimThe paper explores the barriers and enablers for international nurses who are assimilating to new healthcare systems in the United Kingdom and implications for the global healthcare context.BackgroundThe worldwide shortage of nurses has led to high levels of global mobility. It is therefore essential to acknowledge the international nature of healthcare and the diversity of experience within the nursing workforce. The paper reflects on the authors’ experiences of designing and delivering acculturation and communication skills training for Internationally Educated Nurses (IENs) who work in the National Health Service in the United Kingdom.DiscussionThe paper highlights the challenges of assimilating to a new healthcare environment, the importance of support and the value of ‘two‐way learning’. The author discusses the hidden processes of social and personal adjustment, which are not widely reported.ConclusionSuccessful cultural integration should be multifaceted and include opportunities for two‐way learning. Nurses require ongoing and directed support to deliver high‐quality care in diverse and changing health systems.Implications for nursing policyAs healthcare in the UK is and continues to become increasingly international, the benefits and challenges this presents need to be acknowledged by both government and healthcare management in the form of policy recommendations, guidelines and regulatory frameworks which go beyond testing clinical and linguistic skills on arrival and aims to promote well‐being, retention, and reduced stress at work.
Heritability of children's Secure Base Script Knowledge in middle childhood: a twin study with the Attachment Script Assessment
Authors: Runze Jana , Witte Annemieke M. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAre individual differences in attachment security inborn or shaped by the social environment? In infancy and early childhood, the evidence points to a substantial role of the environment, but a large twin study in early adolescence showed considerable heritability. Here we examined the twin heritability of attachment in middle childhood. We hypothesized that in middle childhood some heritability would emerge. Furthermore, we expected a role for cognitive and language abilities in explaining variance in attachment in middle childhood, partly related to the measurement of attachment, and we therefore examined associations with IQ.MethodsThis pre‐registered study included 415 same‐sex twin pairs (52% girls, 58% monozygotic) between 8 and 11 years old (M = 9.59, SD = 0.79). Participants were recruited from an experimental cohort‐sequential study including two age‐overlapping longitudinal cohorts. Secure Base Script Knowledge was assessed with the Middle Childhood Attachment Script Assessment . Zygosity of the twins was determined using DNA samples. In the younger cohort, cognitive development was assessed with the Dutch version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence . In the older cohort, the Dutch version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children was used .ResultsSignificant additive heritability (38%) was found in the absence of a common environment component. This result diverges from findings in infancy and early childhood and aligns with the results in early adolescence.ConclusionsThe gene–environment correlation hypothesis suggesting that older children more actively shape their experiences in social contexts may offer a plausible explanation for the heritability of attachment in middle childhood. In middle childhood this mechanism might tip the balance toward a larger role for additive genetics. Larger longitudinal twin studies are needed to replicate the heritability of attachment after preschool age.
Postmarketing Safety Surveillance of Topiramate: A Signal Detection and Analysis Study Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database
Authors: Lin Kai , He Mengjiao , Ding Zuoqi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the occurrence of adverse events associated with topiramate by analyzing data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. The goal is to provide a basis for the safe clinical use of topiramate.MethodsAdverse event data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System, from its inception through the first quarter of 2024, were extracted. Signal detection was conducted using three methods: the reporting odds ratio, the medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency method, and the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network. Adverse events were statistically analyzed according to the preferred term and system organ class classifications from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities version 27.0. Positive signals were then compared against the drug label and the Important Medical Event list.ResultsA total of 12,168 adverse event reports involving topiramate as the primary suspect were analyzed, resulting in the extraction of 244 positive signals across 15 system organ classes. Among these, 21 signals were identified as serious adverse reactions not included in the drug label, encompassing 5 system organ classes. Notable signals included hypospadias, spina bifida, abortion spontaneous, renal tubular dysfunction, uveitis, retinal detachment, and choroidal effusion. Additionally, signals such as osmotic demyelination syndrome and Arnold‐Chiari malformation were identified as requiring further monitoring.ConclusionThis study identified several unexpected and serious adverse reaction signals that align with previously reported cases. These findings underscore the need for ongoing study, focused attention, and vigilant monitoring during the clinical use of topiramate.
Decision‐making using the Iowa gambling test in unaffected first‐degree relatives of obsessive‐compulsive disorder: Comparison with healthy controls and patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Murayama Keitaro , Tomiyama Hirofumi , Ohono Aikana , Kato Kenta , Matsuo Akira , Kang Mingi , Nakao Tomohiro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDecision‐making has been suggested as an endophenotype candidate for obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). However, few studies have examined whether decision‐making under ambiguity is an endophenotype of OCD. This study aimed to investigate decision‐making under ambiguity, as assessed by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), in patients with OCD and unaffected first‐degree relatives (UFDR). Forty‐seven non‐medicated, non‐co‐morbid patients with OCD, 30 UFDR, and 47 healthy controls (HC) were compared in terms of decision‐making using the IGT. The correlation between obsessive‐compulsive symptoms and IGT performance was also investigated. Patients with OCD and UFDR performed worse than HC on the IGT. No correlation was found between obsessive‐compulsive symptoms and IGT performance. A deficit in decision‐making under ambiguity may be a trait and an endophenotype candidate for OCD.
Assessment of Attack Frequency in PFAPA Patients Based on Therapeutic Modalities
Authors: Kalayci Furkan , Yigit Metin , Kuruc Aylin Irmak , Cevirici Tevfik , Celikel Acar Banu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study aims to present the clinical characteristics of patients with PFAPA syndrome, and to compare the effects of corticosteroid usage, colchicine prophylaxis, and tonsillectomy on the frequency of attacks in patients with PFAPA syndrome.MethodsPatients aged between 6 months and 18 years presenting to our Paediatric Rheumatology clinic between 2017 and 2021 who were diagnosed with PFAPA syndrome and followed up for a minimum of 12 months were included in this study. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, laboratory findings, attack durations, and treatments were recorded.ResultsOur study, comprised of 195 patients, included four groups: untreated (n = 58), corticosteroid (n = 43), colchicine (n = 62), and tonsillectomy (n = 32). There was no significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of attack frequencies before treatment initiation (p > 0.05). When attack frequencies before and after treatment initiation were observed, a decrease in attack frequency compared to the pre‐treatment period was observed in the tonsillectomy group (from 12 to 3 attacks) (p < 0.001) and the colchicine group (from 12 attacks to 1 attack) (p < 0.001). It was noted that using steroids during three or more attacks increased attack frequency compared to the pre‐treatment period (p < 0.0001). Tonsillectomy resulted in a more significant reduction in attack frequency compared to the colchicine group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsUsing corticosteroids during an attack has been shown to effectively control attacks. However, the repeated use of corticosteroids increases the frequency of attacks. Colchicine prophylaxis leads to a reduction in attack frequency in the majority of cases. Tonsillectomy can successfully control the disease in most cases.