bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Physical Activity Wearables in the Police Force (PAW-Force) study: Acceptability and impact
Authors: Buckingham Sarah Ann , Morrissey Karyn , Williams Andrew James , Price Lisa , Harrison John 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Policing is a highly stressful and increasingly sedentary occupation. The study aim was to assess the acceptability and impact of a mobile health (mHealth) technology intervention (Fitbit® activity monitor and ‘Bupa Boost’ smartphone app) to promote physical activity (PA), reduce sedentary time, and improve health and wellbeing, perceived stress and perceived productivity in the police force.Methods: Single-group, pre-post, mixed methods pilot study. Police officers and staff (n=180) were recruited from two police forces in South West England. Participants used the technology for 12 weeks (an ‘individual’ then ‘social’ phase) followed by five months of optional use. Data sources included Fitbit®-recorded objective step count, questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews (n=32). Outcome assessment points were baseline (week 0), mid-intervention (week 6), post-intervention (week 12) and follow-up (month 8). Paired t-tests were used to investigate changes in quantitative outcomes. Qualitative analysis involved framework and thematic analysis.Results: Engagement with and perceived acceptability of the intervention was high overall, but a small number of participants reported negative physical (skin irritation) and psychological (feelings of guilt and anxiety) consequences of technology use. Changes in mean daily step count were non-significant (p>0.05), but self-reported PA increased in the short term (e.g. +465.4 MET-minutes/week total PA baseline to week 12, p=0.011) and longer term (e.g. +420.5 MET-minutes/week moderate-to-vigorous PA baseline to month 8, p=0.024). The greatest impact on behaviour was perceived by less active officers and staff. Individual app features (such as goal-setting and self-monitoring) were generally preferred to social components (social comparison, competitions and support). There were no significant changes in sedentary time; the findings highlighted the importance of context and external influences on behaviour. From baseline to month 8, there was a significant improvement in mental health-related quality of life (SF-12 mental component score +1.75 points, p=0.020). Despite interview-reported improvements in health and wellbeing, survey-assessed changes in physical health-related quality of life, perceived stress and perceived productivity were non-significant.Conclusions: mHealth technology is an acceptable and potentially impactful intervention for increasing PA in the police force. The intervention was less useful for reducing sedentary time and the impact on secondary outcomes is unclear.Trial registration: Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 30th May 2017 – retrospectively registered*. Registration number: NCT03169179, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03169179.
Phase II Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Intra-articular Injection of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Platelet Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lamo-Espinosa José María , Blanco Juan F. , Sánchez Mikel , Moreno Victoria , Granero-Moltó Froilán , Sánchez-Guijo Fermín , Crespo-Cullel Íñigo , Mora Gonzalo , Vicente Diego Delgado San , Pompei-Fernández Orlando , Aquerreta Jesús Dámaso , Núñez-Córdoba Jorge María , Vitoria María , Valentí-Azcárate Andrés , Andreu Enrique J. , Cañizo María del Consuelo del , Valentí-Nin Juan Ramón , Prósper Felipe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stromal cells are a safe and promising option to treat knee osteoarthritis as previously demonstrated in different clinical trials. However, their efficacy, optimal dose and addition of adjuvants must be determined. Here, we evaluated the clinical effects of a dose of 100 × 106 bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) in combination with Platelet Rich Plasma (PRGF®) as adjuvant in a randomized clinical trial.
Methods
A phase II, multicenter, randomized clinical trial with active control was conducted. Sixty patients diagnosed with knee OA were randomly assigned to 3 weekly doses of PRGF® or intraarticular administration of 100 × 106 cultured autologous BM-MSCs plus PRGF®. Patients were followed up for 12 months, and pain and function were assessed using VAS and WOMAC and by measuring the knee range of motion range. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging analyses were performed to analyze joint damage.
Results
No adverse effects were reported after BM-MSC administration or during follow-up. According to VAS, the mean value (SD) for PRGF® and BM-MSC with PRGF® went from 5 (1.8) to 4.5 (2.2) (p = 0.389) and from 5.3 (1.9) to 3.5 (2.5) (p = 0.01), respectively at 12 months.. In WOMAC, the mean (SD) baseline and 12-month overall WOMAC scores in patients treated with PRGF® was 31.9 (16.2) and 22.3 (15.8) respectively (p = 0.002) while that for patients treated with BM-MSC plus PRGF® was 33.4 (18.7) and 23.0 (16.6) (p = 0.053). Although between groups statistically significances have been not detected, only patients being treated with BM-MSC plus PRGF® could be considered as a OA treatment responders following OARSI criteria. X-ray and MRI (WORMS protocol) revealed no changes in knee joint space width or joint damage.
Conclusions
Treatment with BM-MSC associated with PRGF® was shown to be a viable therapeutic option for osteoarthritis of the knee, with clinical improvement at the end of follow-up. Further phase III clinical trials would be necessary to confirm the efficacy.
Comparison of COVID-19 Patterns Between Severely-Struck Italy and the Rest of the Worlds: An Observational Study
Authors: Jen Tung-Hui , Kan Wei-Chih , Yeh Yu-Tsen , Lin Jui-Chung John , Chien Tsair-Wei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The country of Italy was placed on lockdown when the number of cases of COVID-19 increased exponentially. It is of great concern which countries/regions would have the most similar patterns to Italy and the comparison of patterns, assuming homogeneity of variance within datasets, among regions worldwide, became necessary. There were no results in past literature regarding the identification of COVID-19 patterns among countries/regions. We were therefore motivated to propose an appropriate mathematic method, using a specific country/region (e.g., Italy), for example, in detecting similar patterns at the respective peak of the outbreak. A visual display highlighting COVID-19 patterns was proposed in this study using vector mathematics.Methods We downloaded COVID-19 outbreak numbers with confirmed cases in countries/regions on a daily basis from the Github website. The top peak point was identified for each country/region. Next, thirteen-time points were assigned before and after the inflection point. COVID-19 patterns were assessed by inspecting both similarity and distance using angle(or cosine theta in trigonometric function) and Chi-square statistics. Two sets of data on confirmed cases, one based on cases per 100,000 population and the other does not, were compared using rankings as well as four quadrants divided by similarity and distance. An app was developed to display regions with similar COVID-19 patterns to the selected country.Results The top four countries presenting with the most similar COVID-19 patterns to Italy were Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, and Luxembourg with Chi-square statistics per one freedom degree at 0.12, 0.37, 0.58, and 0.80, respectively, based on a population of 100,000. Visualizations with four quadrants and world map were shown on Google Maps. Rank correlation in rankings was − 0.03 between two sets of confirmed cases with and without using the basis of cases per population of 100,000.Conclusion We proposed and demonstrated a method using both criteria of similarity and distance from vectors in mathematics to identify countries that are most similar to Italy in terms of the pattern at the peak of the outbreak. The app was developed to display countries/regions with the most similar COVID-19 patterns to the targeted country/region using a dashboard laid on Google Maps. This method can be generalized and applied to study other countries/regions for the current pandemic and other past infectious disease in history.
Research on COVID-19 prevention and control strategies, and the effect of home quarantine in Shenzhen, China, 2020
Authors: Author) Zi-Qian Xu(Co-first , Author)) Jing-Zhong Wang(Co-first , Wang Hai-Rui , He Jian-Fan , Wang Bing , Yang Yong-Cun , Xian Hui-Xia , Zhang Ya-De , Feng Si-Yang , Li Min-Min , Song Li-Xia , Author) Xuan Zou(Co-corresponding , Author) Jian-Hua Lu(Co-corresponding 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
AbstractBackground: To study the prevention and control strategies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to analyze the infection of the home-quarantined individuals with epidemic histories (came from Hubei and any other affected regions), but without symptoms in the three incubations after Wuhan closure in Shenzhen.Methods: The sample size was 2,004 individuals based on multistage sampling during the pre-investigation. Based on the results of the pre-investigation, the formal investigation expanded the sample size to 57,012 individuals. A single throat swab was collected from each individual for nucleic acid testing (NAT) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NAT was performed by a third-party institution, BGI. We collected information related to demographics, disease history, travel history, and personal protective measures before home quarantine, and monitored close-contact histories using the We Chat questionnaire.Results: The total infection rate of home-quarantined individuals was 0.11% (95% CI: 0.05%–0.24%) out of the total sample size of 59,016. The detection period for seven confirmed cases was primarily concentrated between February 8 and 18, 2020, which was during the second incubation period after Wuhan's closure. The home quarantined individuals with epidemic histories (came from Hubei and any other affected regions) were considered the high risk population during the first two incubations after Wuhan’s closure. No positive cases were detected from February 25 to present (the third incubation after Wuhan’s closure). The number of newly-confirmed cases per day was 0 for 8 days from February 22 to 29 in Shenzhen. Thus, the strategies of prevention and control were effective.Conclusions: The strategies and policies were effective for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Additionally, the strategy of implementing NAT during the first two incubations for home-quarantined individuals with epidemic histories (came from Hubei and any other affected regions), but without symptoms, facilitated early detection, early reporting, early diagnosis, early quarantining, and early treatment. However, our findings do not support NAT for home quarantined persons during the third incubation after Wuhan’s closure to present.
Burden of stigma among tuberculosis patients in a pastoralist community in Kenya: A mixed methods study.
Authors: Mbuthia Grace Wambura , Nyamogoba Henry DN , Chiang Silvia S. , McGarvey Stephen T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Tuberculosis (TB) stigma remains a barrier to early diagnosis and treatment completion. Increased understanding of stigma is necessary for improved interventions to minimise TB stigma and its effects. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively measure TB stigma and to explore its manifestation among TB patients in a rural Kenyan community.
Methods

This was a hospital based study using explanatory sequential mixed methods approach. In the quantitative study, a questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics and scales measuring perceived TB stigma and experienced TB stigma, was administered to 208 adult pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment in West Pokot County. The qualitative data were collected through 15 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions with TB patients. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was done for the quantitative data while the thematic analysis was done for qualitative data.
Results

The internal consistency reliability coefficients were satisfactory with Cronbach alphas of 0.87 and 0.86 for the 11-item and 12-item stigma measurement scale. The investigation revealed that TB stigma was high. TB stigma was exemplified through patients being isolated by others, self-isolation, fear to disclose TB diagnosis, association of TB with HIV and lack of social support. Being a woman was significantly associated with high levels of both experienced stigma (p = 0.007) and perceived stigma (p = 0.005) while age, marital status, occupation and the patient’s religion were not.
Conclusion

There is a need to implement stigma reduction interventions in order to improve TB program outcomes.
Market integration and price transmission in Ethiopian banana supply chain
Authors: Shikur Zewdie Habte 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Local banana market prices in surplus areas are asymmetrically integrated and transmitted with that in central banana market prices or deficit areas due to geographic distance between markets, market power, and high transportation costs. As the result, the banana marketing margin is high due to high transport costs and transaction costs. Although the policy relevance of degree of vertical and spatial price transmission in banana supply chain, in Ethiopia is largely unknown, and this study assists to bridge the existing gap. The study investigates degree of spatial and vertical market integration and price transmission of banana supply chain in Ethiopia. ARDL co-integration bound tests and Granger causality tests are employed to examine vertical and horizontal price transmissions in banana supply chain using 10 years average monthly banana prices. The study finds relatively a higher degree of price transmission from central wholesale banana market to surplus banana market. Central wholesaler price has a significant effect on both banana producer and retailer prices in both long-run and short‐run. The result indicates that Granger causality is running from central wholesale market to local markets. There may be high transaction cost may reflect the vertical and spatial asymmetric price transmissions in banana supply chain. Policy interventions in banana supply chains could facilitate a faster and substantial degree of price transmission between actors in banana supply chain.
Prehospital naloxone administration – what influences choice of dose and route of administration?
Authors: Tylleskar Ida , Gjersing Linn , Bjørnsen Lars Petter , Braarud Anne-Cathrine , Heyerdahl Fridtjof , Dale Ola , Skulberg Arne Kristian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction:Amidst the ongoing opioid crisis there are debates regarding the optimal route of administration and dosages of naloxone. This applies both for lay people administration and emergency medical services, and in the development of new naloxone products.We examined the characteristics of naloxone administration, including predictors of dosages and multiple doses during patient treatment by emergency medical service staff in order enlighten this debate.Methods: This was a prospective observational study of patients administered naloxone by the Oslo City Center emergency medical service, Norway (2014-2018). Cases were linked to The National Cause of Death Registry. We investigated the route of administration and dosage of naloxone, clinical and demographic variables relating to initial naloxone dose and use of multiple naloxone doses and one-week mortality.Results: Overall, 2,215 cases were included, and the majority (91.9%) were administered intramuscular naloxone. Initial doses were 0.4 or 0.8 mg, and 15% of patients received multiple dosages. Unconscious patients or those in respiratory arrest were more likely to be treated with 0.8 mg naloxone and to receive multiple doses. The one-week mortality from drug-related deaths was 4.1 per 1000 episodes, with no deaths due to rebound toxicity.Conclusions: Intramuscular naloxone doses of 0.4 and 0.8 mg were effective and safe in the treatment of opioid overdose in the prehospital setting. Emergency medical staff appear to titrate naloxone based on clinical presentation.
Comparison of laser irradiation behavior of plasma-sprayed Ba2-xSrxSmTaO6 coatings
Authors: Zheng Jiayi , Ma Zhuang , Liu Yanbo , Gao Lihong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Ba2 − xSrxSmTaO6 (x = 0–2), a series of low thermal conduction and good thermal stability materials, is believed to have potential use as thermal insulation laser protection materials, however, is limited by their unclear laser damage mechanism. Thus, in this paper, we investigated and compared their laser damage behaviors as well as their protection thresholds. The Ba2 − xSrxSmTaO6 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2) powder were prepared by solid state reaction and the coatings were prepared by air plasma spray. During the laser irradiation process, we observed that the coatings underwent irradiation center turning bright, grains recrystallization and melting process. When the laser power density was 500W/cm2, no damage was observed in all five components coatings and the ablation surface of x = 1 and 2 coatings turned bright. However, the melting phenomenon occurred to x = 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 coatings while the laser power density reached 1000W/cm2, and the ablation area of x = 0 coatings started to turn bright. At 1500W/cm2 laser power density, coatings of all five components melted and the melting area of x = 0 and 1 was obviously smaller than the coatings of other three components. Ba2SmTaO6 (x = 0) showed the highest protection threshold that was 2000W/cm2 for 10 s, and x = 0.5 coatings showed the lowest protection threshold that was 1000W/cm2 for 26 s. In terms of back surface temperature, BaSrSmTaO6 (x = 1) presented the lowest value and Ba2SmTaO6 was only slightly higher than it. To sum up, Ba2SmTaO6 has the best comprehensive laser protection properties and is believed to be the most potential laser protection materials among the five components.
Ventilating Two Subjects with One Ventilator: Achievable but not Advisable
Authors: Satalin Joshua , Blair Sarah , Kollisch-Singule Michaela , Trikha Girish , Al-Khalisy Hassan , Andrews Penny , Madden Maria , Gatto Louis A. , Nieman Gary F. , Habashi Nader M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The world is in the midst of the COVID-19 viral pandemic and the number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation may exceed the number of ventilators available. New information is being sought on the feasibility of using one ventilator on multiple patients should the need arise. In this study, we hypothesized that two rabbits could be simultaneously mechanically ventilated using a simple, readily available, dual circuit. Methods: Two pairs of New Zealand White rabbits (n=4) were anesthetized and hooked up to a simple dual circuit and ventilated in the Airway Pressure Release Ventilation mode. Arterial and venous lines were placed for arterial blood gases, hemodynamic monitoring and fluid administration. Following one hour of ventilation, a surfactant washout was performed and mechanical ventilation resumed. Animals were euthanized after an additional one hour of ventilation. Results: Both Pairs of rabbits had a similar pre-injury PaO2/FiO2 ratio. Following injury, all rabbits had a decline in PaO2/FiO2 with 2 maintaining a PaO2/FiO2 ratio consistent with moderate ARDS, 1 consistent with mild and 1 return to normal. Both Pairs of rabbits had a similar pre-injury PaCO2. Rabbits in Pair 1 maintained similar arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels following ARDS. Pair 2 showed an increase in PaCO2 with ARDS due to the much higher PaCO2 in the rabbit with the more severe lung injury.Conclusion: A dual ventilator circuit can be constructed from materials in any respiratory therapy department. Using this dual circuit, two animals with ARDS can be oxygenated and ventilation sufficiently to meet current standards.
Influencing factors of aggressive behavior among left-behind junior high school students: structural equation model
Authors: Li Yi-Fei , Zhang Jie , Li Juan , Chen Yi-Ping , Yang Si-Lan , Tao Ying-Xiang , Ye Bi-Yun , Zhang Jing-Ping , Mao Ting 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

High aggressive behavior will harm the physical and mental health of children, and the probability of aggressive behaviors among left-behind junior high school students is significantly higher than that of non-left-behind ones, but the systematic research and intervention measures concerning the aggressive behavior of the left-behind junior high school students quite deficient at present. This study adopts the structural equation model to analyze the interrelationship and action modes of various factors affecting the aggressive behavior of the left-behind junior high school students to provide scientific basis for the mitigation and prevention of their aggressive behavior.
Methods

A structural equation model was constructed based on data from a cross-sectional survey of 751 left-behind junior high school students using Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, Coping Style Questionnaire, and Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire.
Results

Self-esteem, resilience, positive coping, negative coping and household income have different direct or indirect effects on the aggressive behavior of left-behind junior high school students. Among them, self-esteem, resilience, positive coping and negative coping are the important mediating factors between life events and aggressive behavior of left-behind junior high school students.
Conclusions

Parents, teachers and temporary guardians in the care of left-behind children should try to avoid possible adverse effects that the life events have on the children, meanwhile should also through effective psychological intervention and social support, improving the self-esteem, psychological resilience and positive coping tendencies of left-behind children, in order to reduce or prevent their aggressive behaviors.