bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and potential drivers of intraspecific variability in the body C, N, and P composition of a terrestrial consumer, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus)
Authors: Rizzuto Matteo , Leroux Shawn J. , Vander Wal Eric , Wiersma Yolanda F. , Heckford Travis R. , Balluffi‐Fry Juliana 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Intraspecific variability in ecological traits is widespread in nature. Recent evidence, mostly from aquatic ecosystems, shows individuals differing at the most fundamental level, that of their chemical composition. Age, sex, or body size and condition may be key drivers of intraspecific variability in the body concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). However, we still have a rudimentary understanding of the patterns and drivers of intraspecific variability in chemical composition of terrestrial consumers, particularly vertebrates.

Here, we investigate the elemental composition of the snowshoe hare Lepus americanus. Based on snowshoe hare ecology, we predicted older, larger individuals to have higher concentration of N or P and lower C content compared with younger, smaller individuals. We also predicted females to have higher concentrations of N, P, and lower C than males due to the higher reproductive costs they incur. Finally, we predicted that individuals in better body condition would have higher N and P than those in worse condition, irrespective of age.

We obtained C, N, and P concentrations and ratios from a sample of 50 snowshoe hares. We then used general linear models to test our predictions on the relationship between age, sex, body size or condition and stoichiometric variability in hares.

We found considerable variation in C, N, and P stoichiometry within our sample. Contrary to our predictions, we found weak evidence of N content decreasing with age. As well, sex appeared to have no relationship with hare body elemental composition. Conversely, as expected, P content increased with body size and condition. Finally, we found no relationship between variability in C content and any of our predictor variables.

Snowshoe hare stoichiometry does not appear to vary with individual age, sex, body size, or condition. However, the weak relationship between body N concentration and age may suggest varying nutritional requirements of individuals at different ages. Conversely, body P's weak relationship to body size and condition appears in line with this limiting element's importance in terrestrial ecosystems. Snowshoe hares are keystone herbivores in the boreal forest of North America, and the substantial stoichiometric variability we find in our sample could have important implications for nutrient dynamics, in both boreal and adjacent ecosystems.
Green‐brown polymorphism in alpine grasshoppers affects body temperature
Authors: Köhler Günter , Schielzeth Holger 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEctothermic animals depend on external heat sources for pursuing their daily activities. However, reaching sufficiently high temperature can be limiting at high altitudes, where nights are cold and seasons short. We focus on the role of a green‐brown color polymorphism in grasshoppers from alpine habitats. The green‐brown polymorphism is phylogenetically and spatially widespread among Orthopterans and the eco‐evolutionary processes that contribute to its maintenance have not yet been identified.We here test whether green and brown individuals heat up to different temperatures under field conditions. If they do, this would suggest that thermoregulatory capacity might contribute to the maintenance of the green‐brown polymorphism.We recorded thorax temperatures of individuals sampled and measured under field conditions. Overall, thorax temperatures ranged 1.7–42.1°C. Heat up during morning hours was particularly rapid, and temperatures stabilized between 31 and 36°C during the warm parts of the day. Female body temperatures were significantly higher than body temperatures of males by an average of 2.4°C. We also found that brown morphs were warmer by 1.5°C on average, a pattern that was particularly supported in the polymorphic club‐legged grasshopperGomphocerus sibiricusand the meadow grasshopperPseudochorthippus parallelus.The difference in body temperature between morphs might lead to fitness differences that can contribute to the maintenance of the color polymorphism in combination with other components, such as crypsis, that functionally trade‐off with the ability to heat up. The data may be of more general relevance to the maintenance of a high prevalence polymorphism in Orthopteran insects.
Asymmetric competition shapes amphibian response to rapid environmental change
Authors: Thurman Lindsey L. , Garcia Tiffany S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPond‐breeding amphibians experience climatic variability primarily in the form of seasonal temperature fluctuations and water availability, two factors that are strongly influenced by shifts in climate. Larval amphibians are concurrently exposed to biological stressors, such as competition and predation, as they often co‐occur in diverse, multi‐species assemblages. Thus, to accurately predict species’ response to climate change, we empirically tested the interaction between a biotic and abiotic driver. We focused on three amphibian species that overlap in distribution and phenology across high elevations of the Cascade Mountain Range of the U.S. Pacific Northwest: the Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla), Cascades frog (Rana cascadae), and Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas). Amphibians in this region are threatened by drought‐induced habitat loss resulting from the shortened hydroperiod and, in some areas, complete elimination of seasonal wetlands. We conducted a fully factorial experiment to determine the interactive effects of competition and drying on amphibian growth, development, and survival. We found that the impact of drying on each species was largely dependent upon interspecific competition dynamics. Competitive interactions, particularly in the three‐species competition treatment, exacerbated the effects of drying, with both competition‐ and context‐dependent responses to these stressors. Through an analysis of species‐level effects, as well as an examination of secondary productivity (i.e., total biomass across treatments), we determined that Cascades frogs are the dominant competitor in this system owing to their larger body size and relative ability to withstand the stress of a rapidly drying hydroperiod. Our results suggest that ignoring biotic interactions in predictions of species response to climate change factors may be misleading.
Sequence analysis and acoustic tracking of individual lake sturgeon identify multiple patterns of river–lake habitat use
Authors: Colborne Scott F. , Hondorp Darryl W. , Holbrook Christopher M. , Lowe Michael R. , Boase James C. , Chiotti Justin A. , Wills Todd C. , Roseman Edward F. , Krueger Charles C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial ecology of sturgeon (Acipenseridae) has proven to be a challenge due to the life history characteristics of these fish, especially their long life span, intermittent spawning, and long‐distance migrations. Within the Huron‐Erie Corridor (HEC) of the Laurentian Great Lakes, habitat use of 247 lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) was monitored over a three‐year period (2015–2017) with acoustic transmitters. Extensive spatial coverage of receivers throughout the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie (~150 km) allowed for continuous monitoring of the movements of acoustic‐tagged individuals. Sequence analysis of individual detection histories was used to describe lake sturgeon habitat use and to determine (1) whether distinct habitat‐use patterns occurred within the HEC; (2) whether the range of habitats occupied varied across seasons among sturgeon grouped by common patterns; and (3) whether variation identified was related to tagging sites in the two rivers or sex. Lake sturgeon were active throughout the HEC, but five distinct habitat‐use patterns were identified. River residents were not broadly distributed across entire rivers, but rather associated with particular segments (middle Detroit River, St. Clair River delta). Variations in habitat‐use sequences were in part related to three river tagging sites, but not sex, and did not produce groups with sequences that reflected all five habitat‐use patterns derived from cluster analysis. Lake sturgeon distribution was reduced to fewer habitat segments during winter and expanded to the maximum extent during the spring and summer. Conservation planning that incorporates behavioral diversity of habitat use is relatively rare due to a lack of observations on movements of individuals at biologically relevant spatial and temporal scales, but using telemetry and sequence analysis methods may promote the success of conservation and restoration efforts.
Reduced surface adsorption in 3D printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene micro free‐flow electrophoresis devices
Authors: Anciaux Sarah K. , Bowser Michael T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have 3D printed and fabricated micro free‐flow electrophoresis (µFFE) devices in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) that exhibit minimal surface adsorption without requiring additional surface coatings or specialized buffer additives. 2D, nano LC–micro free flow electrophoresis (2D nLC × µFFE) separations were used to assess both spatial and temporal broadening as peaks eluted through the separation channel. Minimal broadening due to wall adsorption was observed in either the spatial or temporal dimensions during separations of rhodamine 110, rhodamine 123, and fluorescein. Surface adsorption was observed in separations of Chromeo P503 labeled myoglobin and cytochrome c but was significantly reduced compared to previously reported glass devices. Peak widths of < 30 s were observed for both proteins. For comparison, Chromeo P503 labeled myoglobin and cytochrome c adsorb strongly to the surface of glass µFFE devices resulting in peak widths >20 min. A 2D nLC × µFFE separation of a Chromeo P503 labeled tryptic digest of BSA was performed to demonstrate the high peak capacity possible due to the low surface adsorption in the 3D printed ABS devices, even in the absence of surface coatings or buffer additives.
Dynamic capillarity during displacement process in fractured tight reservoirs with multiple fluid viscosities
Authors: Li Ying , Luo Hongwen , Li Haitao , Chen Shengnan , Jiang Xiaorong , Li Jingfa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDynamic capillarity commonly exists for multiphase flow in porous media, during which fluid viscosity varies and has strong influence. Displacement experiments are conducted on water‐wet, fractured tight rock at in situ pressure and temperature of an oil reservoir via a specially designed apparatus to investigate the effects of fluid viscosity on the dynamic capillarity. The dynamic effect in the matrix is examined through the measurement and calculation of capillary pressure, the dynamic coefficient, and the fluid flow behavior. The results show that with a higher oil viscosity: (a) both the steady and the dynamic capillary pressures reverse their directions more quickly and behave as larger resistances in the matrix; (b) the difference between the steady and the dynamic capillary pressures becomes around 5%‐19% more significant; (c) water saturation changes more slowly corresponding to the lower water relative permeability, while oil relative permeability quickly becomes lower than that during the basic displacement process; and (d) the dynamic coefficient becomes 2‐3 times higher, and the dynamic contact angle becomes 10%‐25% larger, showing a more variable interface. A contact angle advancement coefficient is proposed to identify the significance of contact angle advancement and the competition between capillary pressure and viscous force. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of multiphase flow in tight reservoirs and enhancing oil recovery.
Efficient All‐2D Amorphous Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets/Multilayered Molybdenum Disulfide Hybrid Heterojunction Catalyst for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Zhenbang , Liu Pu , Yang Guowei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHydrogen energy is considered to be a critical environmentally friendly and widely sourced renewable energy source that can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. At present, the preparation of hydrogen (H2) mainly depends on traditional fossil fuels. In order to achieve sustainable development of environmental protection, great attention has been paid to the preparation of H2 by electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photoelectrochemistry. Here, it is reported for the first time that a novel active catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, consisting of all‐2D amorphous nanosheets/2D crystal layer heterojunction structure and without any noble metal (no precious metals are present in the preparation or measuring), is almost entirely fabricated by laser ablation in liquid (LAL) growth of amorphous cobalt sulfide on the surface of multilayered molybdenum disulfide. In acidic media, the amorphous cobalt sulfide nanosheets/multilayered molybdenum disulfide (a‐CoS/MoS2) catalyst exhibits fast hydrogen evolution kinetics with onset potential of −147 mV and a Tafel slope of 126 mV per decade, which is much better than only the amorphous cobalt sulfide and molybdenum disulfide layer. The high hydrogen evolution activity of the amorphous cobalt sulfide nanosheets/multilayered molybdenum disulfide hybrid is likely due to the unique electrocatalytic synergistic effects between hydrogen evolution‐active amorphous cobalt sulfide nanosheets and layered crystal molybdenum disulfide materials, as well as the much‐increased catalytic sites. This work provides a new general route based on all‐2D amorphous nanosheets/2D crystal structure for designing and preparing novel layered materials with effectively manipulated catalytic properties and active functionality surface.
Does the trend toward less deep excisions in LLETZ to minimize obstetric risk lead to less favorable oncological outcomes?
Authors: Lara‐Peñaranda Rosario , Rodríguez‐López Pilar M. , Plitt‐Stevens Javier , Ortiz‐González Ana , Remezal‐Solano Manuel , Martínez‐Cendán Juan P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) depth and the persistence of disease and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational retrospective study included women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 who underwent LLETZ at Hospital Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain, from November 1, 2011, to December 31, 2016. Follow‐up of cytology and HPV detection were performed at 6 and 12–18 months after surgery.ResultsIn this study of 256 women, multivariate analysis revealed that conization depth of 10 mm or less did not indicate an increase of persistence/recurrence of pathological cytology at 6 months (P=0.094) and after 12–18 months (P=0.234), or infection by HPV at 6 months (P=0.675) and 12–18 months (P=0.938) after LLETZ. The affected endocervical margin at 6 months is the sole independent risk factor for persistence, both in the lesion (P=0.003) and HPV (P=0.004).ConclusionConization depth lower than 10 mm at LLETZ did not increase disease persistence or infection by HPV in an 18 month monitoring period. Therefore, higher depth conizations would not be justified to ensure favorable oncological results.
Coping strategies of women survivors of domestic violence residing with an abusive partner after registered complaint with the family counseling center at Alwar, India
Authors: Mahapatro Meerambika , Singh Sudhir P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCoping is one of the most important and widely studied aspects of domestic violence (DV). Women adopt a wide variety of coping strategies to manage abuse, ranging from individual estrangement to institutional entitlements. The condition of women becomes complex when they seek institutional support while living with an abusive husband and his family under the common hearth. The present study aims to analyze the coping strategy of mediation between informal and formal justice while residing with an abusive husband and his family. Further, the study explores the coping strategy as an outcome of the contextual factor and associated psychological distress. It is a prospective intervention study with a 4‐month span building awareness, counseling (individual, couple, and family counseling), and case‐specific advice (safety plan, choice‐making, and problem‐solving). A baseline and endline assessment with SRQ‐20 and in‐depth interviews were carried out on 299 married women who had registered a complaint with a family counseling center (FCC); Mahila Suraksha Evam Salah Kendra (MSSK) in Alwar district, India. To understand the context and the coping strategy adopted by women, in‐depth interviews were carried out. The results show that there is a differential impact of DV, psychological distress, and coping strategy based on contextual factor; women having an informal support system have a better result in coping; and intervention at the formal system resulted in improving coping strategy and simultaneously reducing psychological distress. As the mediation period is interminable and traumatic, the institutional support to women survivors of DV is an important policy alternative for improving survivors’ well‐being, especially in an unsupportive informal context.
Social support, rural/urban residence, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults
Authors: Shang Qiaoqiong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aims to examine the extent to which people are socially integrated and the association between social support and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults, with regard to the moderating effect of the rural or urban residence. The author used data from the China health and longitudinal study (CHARLS), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of the population of adults aged over 45 in China. A total of 16,372 participants were included in this study, and the mean age of the sample was 59.7. Three variables were used to measure participants' social support: family size, proximity of support, and social involvement. The Chinese version of 10‐item center for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used as a measurement tool for depressive symptoms. The findings demonstrate that small family size, living with a spouse, frequency of contact with children, and a number of social activities have significant effects on depressive symptoms. For all aspects of social support, the influence on depressive symptoms is not significantly different between urban and rural areas. Family support, especially the support of a spouse is crucial to prevent depression. This study also identifies the vital effect of social activity and encourages the government to improve public services, especially in rural areas.
Nocturnal enteral nutrition is therapeutic for growth failure in Fanconi‐Bickel syndrome
Authors: Pennisi Alessandra , Maranda Bruno , Benoist Jean‐François , Baudouin Véronique , Rigal Odile , Pichard Samia , Santer René , Romana Lepri Francesca , Novelli Antonio , Ogier de Baulny Hélène , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo , Schiff Manuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFanconi‐Bickel syndrome (FBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterised by impaired glucose liver homeostasis and proximal renal tubular dysfunction. It is caused by pathogenic variants in SLC2A2 coding for the glucose transporter GLUT2. Main clinical features include hepatomegaly, fasting hypoglycaemia, postprandial hyperglycaemia, Fanconi‐type tubulopathy occasionally with rickets, and a severe growth disorder. While treatment for renal tubular dysfunction is well established, data regarding optimal nutritional therapy are scarce. Similarly, detailed clinical evaluation of treated FBS patients is lacking. These unmet needs were an incentive to conduct the present pilot study. We present clinical findings, laboratory parameters and molecular genetic data on 11 FBS patients with emphasis on clinical outcome under various nutritional interventions. At diagnosis, the patients' phenotypic severity could be classified into two categories: a first group with severe growth failure and rickets, and a second group with milder signs and symptoms. Three patients were diagnosed early and treated because of family history. All patients exhibited massive glucosuria at diagnosis and some in both groups had fasting hypoglycaemic episodes. Growth retardation improved drastically in all five patients treated by intensive nutritional intervention (nocturnal enteral nutrition) and uncooked cornstarch with final growth parameters in the normal range. The four severely affected patients who were treated with uncooked cornstarch alone did not catch up growth. All patients received electrolytes and l‐carnitine supplementation to compensate for the tubulopathy. This is one of the largest series of FBS on therapeutic management with evidence that nocturnal enteral nutrition rescues growth failure.
Long‐term histological analysis of innervation and macrophage infiltration in a mouse model of intervertebral disc injury–induced low back pain
Authors: Lee Seunghwan , Millecamps Magali , Foster Daniel Z. , Stone Laura S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLow back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of global disability. Multiple anatomical, cellular, and molecular factors are implicated in LBP, including the degeneration of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs). We previously described a mouse model that displays behavioral symptoms of chronic LBP. Here, we investigated the development of pathological innervation and macrophage infiltration into injured IVDs following a puncture injury in mice over 12 months. 2‐month old CD1 female mice underwent a single puncture of the ventral L4/5 IVD using a 30G needle, and were sacrificed 4 days and 0.5‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐months post‐injury. Severity of disc degeneration was assessed using colorimetric staining. IVD innervation was measured by PGP9.5‐immunoreactivity (‐ir) and calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐ir (CGRP‐ir). Macrophage accumulation into IVDs was detected by F4/80‐ir. Mechanical IVD injury resulted in severe degeneration and increased PGP9.5‐ir nerve fiber density starting at 4 days that persisted for up to 12 months and dorsal herniations began to occur at 3 months. CGRP‐ir was also upregulated in injured IVDs, with the largest increase at 12 months after injury. Infiltration of F4/80‐ir macrophages was observed in injured IVDs by day 4 both dorsally and ventrally, with the latter diminishing in the later stage. Persistent LBP is a complex disease with multiple underlying pathologies. By highlighting pathological changes in IVD innervation and inflammation, our study suggests that strategies targeting these mechanisms might be useful therapeutically.
A sensitive resonance Rayleigh scattering sensor for dopamine in urine using upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Murillo Pulgarín José Antonio , Alañón Molina Aurelia , Jiménez García Elisa , García Gómez Lucía 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA highly sensitive resonance light scattering method for detecting dopamine in urine was developed by using a novel probe based on lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) linked to dopamine–quinone (DQ) by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Adding dopamine to a solution containing UCNPs decreases their size and the intensity of their resonance light scattering signals. Based on the decrease, dopamine can be determined in Tris–HCl buffer and in urine samples spiked with analyte concentrations over the range 0–300 μM with a limit of detection of 1.62 μM. As‐prepared UD can thus provide an effective platform for biosensor development, drug discovery, and rapid diagnosis of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, among other medical conditions.