bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bithiophene‐Promoted ppm Levels of Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrosilylation of Terminal Allenes
Authors: Chen Jun‐Jia , Zeng Jia‐Hao , Yang Ying , Liu Zhi‐Kai , Jiang Ya‐Nan , Li Miao‐Ran , Chen Li , Zhan Zhuang‐Ping 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA bithiophene−alkyne‐based compound was synthesized and first utilized as a ligand for the selective hydrosilylation of allenes with primary and secondary phenylsilanes. It shows high selectivity towards the production of branched allylsilanes with a wide range of allenes. It is worth mentioning that the catalytic loading of the palladium can be reduced to 500 ppm. This work opens a new front of using bidentate thiophene ligand as a reaction promoter in transition‐metal‐catalyzed organic reaction.magnified image
Evaluation of early seedling development of Chickpea and its relation to seed yield
Authors: Walia Maninder K. , Mohammed Yesuf A. , Franck William L. , Chen Chengci 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe rapid establishment of crop seedlings for competitive resource use is critical for both organic and conventional production systems. Seedling vigor is directly related to a plant's seedling establishment and ability to compete against weeds. Knowledge is lacking on the variation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seedling vigor traits among the cultivars at early growth stages and how these vigor traits measured in the greenhouse and field correlate to final grain yield. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate 23 chickpea cultivars. Nodule numbers per plant, nodule fresh weight, aboveground biomass and shoot height, and vigor index (VI)‐I significantly differed among the commercial chickpea varieties and breeding lines in the greenhouse study. Aboveground and belowground biomass, N uptake, and VI‐II also showed significant differences among the cultivars in the field study in 2017. The greenhouse‐measured parameters did not correlate well with field measurements, except for VI‐I and field‐measured biomass. Although chickpea seed yield in 2017 was positively correlated with field‐measured seedling VI‐I and VI‐II, greenhouse‐measured VI‐I and VI‐II did not correlate with the 2017 seed yield in the field. Although vigorous seedlings enhanced seedling establishment, chickpea seed yield in the field is limited by the availability of plant growth resources such as available water. Smaller‐seeded chickpea cultivars yielded higher under a drier year, and larger‐seeded cultivars performed better in a wetter year.
Expanding the phenotype of the CDKL5 deficiency disorder: Are seizures mandatory?
Authors: MacKay Conor I. , Bick David , Prokop Jeremy W. , Muñoz Ivan , Rouse John , Downs Jenny , Leonard Helen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPathogenic variants in the cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause the neurodevelopmental disorder, the CDKL5 deficiency disorder. Reports of individuals with pathogenic variants in CDKL5 without seizures are exceedingly rare, and in‐depth analyses of their variants have been lacking. Whole‐genome sequencing was performed on a 29‐year‐old female with mild intellectual disability who, in the absence of overt seizures, presented with multiple episodes of altered mental status over a 24‐year period. Clinical history was supplemented by a parent completed questionnaire from the International CDKL5 Disorder Database. We identified a de novo heterozygous variant in CDKL5 (NM_003159.2:c.645T>A;p.Ser215Arg). In‐depth computational analysis performed to predict the impact of the variant on protein structure and function demonstrated that the variant was likely pathogenic. In this light, cell‐based studies showed that the S215R substitution causes a marked reduction in CDKL5 kinase activity. Similarities between our case and one previously reported case are striking. These cases, both without seizures but with apparent behavioral symptomatology, together question whether seizures are mandatory in this neurodevelopmental disorder.
The moral hazard of conditionality: Restoring the integrity of social security law
Authors: McKeever Gráinne , Walsh Tamara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines the extent to which the Australian and UK social security systems meet their legal obligations to provide basic relief to citizens in need. Conditionality and “mutual obligation” are at the core of both the UK and Australian social security systems and are based on the concept of moral hazard, the goal being to ensure that claimants do not consider living on benefits to be preferable to engaging in paid work. Yet, we argue that the element of “mutuality” is missing in both systems; welfare claimants are subject to myriad conditions and obligations, whilst the state operates free of any legal responsibility to provide even basic relief to those in need, to prevent or alleviate extreme poverty and destitution. We outline the extent to which Australian and UK social security laws require governments to relieve destitution, examining both domestic and human rights law. We conclude that legal protections are weak and that both systems fail to meet the basic conditions of humanity toward their citizens. On this basis, we argue that such failings demonstrate a lack of integrity which undermines the standing of both the UK and Australia to invoke a claim of moral hazard to defend claimant conditionality.
Antibacterial effect of nanometer‐size grafted layer of quaternary ammonium polymer on poly(ether ether ketone) substrate
Authors: Oai Keiko , Inoue Yuuki , Nakao Aiko , Fukazawa Kyoko , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOwing to its excellent physicochemical properties, poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has been used clinically for medical implants. However, its surface properties should be improved to further enhance its compatibility with a living organism and infection resistance. Here, we examined the surface construction via a combined process, that is, the self‐initiated photoinduced graft polymerization of N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMA) on PEEK substrate followed by polymer quaternization using various bromoalkanes (Q‐PDMA‐g‐PEEK). Using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the grafting and quaternarization of poly(DMA) (PDMA) on the PEEK substrate was confirmed. The degree of quaternizations was at least 60% even when the various bromoalkanes were reacted. The Q‐PDMA‐g‐PEEK with 1‐bromooctane (BrC8) (C8‐Q‐PDMA‐g‐PEEK) substrate exhibited the highest ζ‐potential of other Q‐PDMA‐g‐PEEK substrates. However, no significant differences were observed in the degree of quaternization, thickness of the polymer layer, and hydrophilicity of all modified PEEK substrates. In addition, from antibacterial test with Escherichia coli, the C8Q‐PDMA‐g‐PEEK substrate exhibited the highest antibacterial rate (80%) among Q‐PDMA‐g‐PEEK substrates examined. Therefore, we concluded that the surface ζ‐potential is the one an important parameter for manufacturing PEEK substrates with bactericidal properties.
Reductive Aromatization of Quinols with B2pin2 as Deoxidizing Agent
Authors: Liu Bin , Xu Yin , Luo Zhibin , Xie Jimin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe have demonstrated B2pin2 as superior deoxidizing agent for the reductive deoxygenation of quinol derivatives under basic conditions. A wide range of highly functionalized phenols were obtained in good yields including a complex drug molecule, which revealed the high functional group tolerance of this protocol.
Quorum Sensing System Used as a Tool in Metabolic Engineering
Authors: Ge Chang , Sheng Huakang , Chen Xin , Shen Xiaolin , Sun Xinxiao , Yan Yajun , Wang Jia , Yuan Qipeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS) is a ubiquitous cell–cell communication mechanism in microbes that coordinates population‐level cell behaviors, such as biofilm production, virulence, swarming motility, and bacterial persistence. Efforts to engineer QS systems to take part in metabolic network regulation represent a promising strategy for synthetic biology and pathway engineering. Recently, design, construction, and implementation of QS circuits for programmed control of bacterial phenotypes and metabolic pathways have gained much attention, but have not been reviewed recently. In this article, the architectural organizations and genetic contributions of the naturally occurring QS components to understand the mechanisms are summarized. Then, the most recent progress in application of QS toolkits to develop synthetic networks for novel cell behaviors creation and metabolic pathway engineering is highlighted. The current challenges in large‐scale application of these QS circuits in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering fields are discussed and future perspectives for further engineering efforts are provided.
Prior probability of significant obstructive arterial disease in the contralateral lower extremity
Authors: Winscott John G. , Hillegass William B. 
Published: February 2020

Key Points
The probability of significant contralateral lower extremity mirror lesions ranges from 11 to 57%, with the superficial femoral artery and tibial arteries having the highest likelihood.
Assessing the prior probability of contralateral disease based on ipsilateral angiography may help inform proceeding with or forgoing angiography in the asymptomatic contralateral extremity, particularly in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease as well as inconclusive noninvasive tests.
These single center observations in 225 patients with significant peripheral arterial disease, if confirmed, suggest a larger multicenter investigation may yield a useful prediction instrument for contralateral disease based on unilateral imaging.
Bioresorbable scaffold: Never say never
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe , Baralis Giorgio 
Published: February 2020

Key Points
Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) were designed to overcome the limitations of metallic stents.
Absorb BVS has provided information about strut thickness, scaffold degradation, vessel wall coverage, and their influence on thrombosis.
Clinical trials have shown higher rates of target vessel myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis with the absorb BVS than with second‐generation drug‐eluting stents.
Biochemical characteristics of soft wheat grain associated with endosperm separation from bran and flour yield
Authors: Ji Taehyun , Ma Fengyun , Baik Byung‐Kee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesEndosperm separation from bran during wheat grain milling has a substantial influence on flour yield, whereas little is known about the endosperm characteristics affecting its detachment from bran. The associations of the outer endosperm characteristics with its separation from bran during milling, and subsequently with flour yield, were determined.FindingsThe yields of flour and remnant endosperm of bran (REB) for ten soft red winter wheat varieties ranged from 66.7% to 75.9% and 1.7% to 3.7%, respectively. The ash, water‐soluble AX, and β‐glucan contents of the REB exhibited significant relationships with flour yield at p < .05. Wheat varieties of >75% flour yield exhibited higher ash and lower water‐soluble AX contents of the REB than the varieties of <68% flour yield. The ash and water‐soluble AX contents of flour also exhibited significant relationships with flour yield at p < .01.ConclusionsThe water‐soluble AX content of endosperm is implicated in the separation of endosperm from bran during milling of wheat grain.Significance and noveltyWheat grain outer endosperm that is low in water‐soluble AX could positively contribute to flour yield because of its role in the efficient detachment of endosperm from bran during milling.
Recent Advances in the Rational Design and Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Materials for Multivalent Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Lianmeng , Zhou Limin , Kang Yong‐Mook , An Qinyou 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith the increase of device requirements, rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries are facing tremendous challenges in large‐scale applications due to the high price and gradual shortage of lithium sources. In contrast, multivalent ion batteries, such as aluminum, magnesium, and zinc, are promising candidates for the next‐generation energy‐storage systems because of their high volumetric energy density, safe operation, and abundant reserves. The strong intercalation between multivalent ions and the host materials, however, will cause lower ion‐diffusion kinetics and a poor discharge capacity. One of the main challenges is to search for a suitable cathode material with a high capacity and good structural stability to overcome the abovementioned problems. Two‐dimensional layered materials, with characteristic unique structural features, good conductivity, and high electrochemically active surface, have attracted attention from researchers during the past decade. In this review, the design approach and synthetic procedures for the preparation of two‐dimensional materials as cathodes for multivalent ion batteries, including interlayer engineering, two‐dimensional heterostructures, pore/hole engineering, and heteroatom doping, are summarized. Meanwhile, the relationship between the design configuration and optimized electrochemical performance is rationally and systematically presented. Additionally, perspectives for the sustainable synthesis of cathode materials are proposed for multivalent metal‐ion chemistry.
Assimilation of fuzzy clustering approach and EHO‐Greedy algorithm for efficient routing in WSN
Authors: Pattnaik Satyajit , Sahu Pradip Kumar 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe problems related to energy consumption and improvement of the network lifetime of WSN (wireless sensor network) have been considered. The base station (BS) location is the main concern in WSN. BSs are fixed, yet, they have the ability to move in some situations to collect the information from sensor nodes (SNs). Recently, introducing mobile sinks to WSNs has been proved to be an efficient way to extend the lifespan of the network. This paper proposes the assimilation of the fuzzy clustering approach and the Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO)‐Greedy algorithm for efficient routing in WSN. This work considers the separate sink nodes of a fixed sink and movable sink to decrease the utilization of energy. A fixed node is deployed randomly across the network, and the movable sink node moves to different locations across the network for collecting the data. Initially, the number of nodes is formed into the multiple clusters using the enhanced expectation maximization algorithm. After that, the cluster head (CH) selection done through a fuzzy approach by taking the account of three factors of residual energy, node centrality, and neighborhood overlap. A suitable collection of CH can extremely reduce the utilization of energy and also enhancing the lifespan. Finally, the routing protocol of the hybrid EHO‐Greedy algorithm is used for efficient data transmission. Simulation results display that the proposed technique is better to other existing approaches in regard to energy utilization and the system lifetime.
Mammalian hemicentin 1 is assembled into tracks in the extracellular matrix of multiple tissues
Authors: Lin Meei‐Hua , Pope Bill D. , Sasaki Takako , Keeley Daniel P. , Sherwood David R. , Miner Jeffrey H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHemicentins (HMCNs) are a family of extracellular matrix proteins first identified in Caenorhabditis elegans, with two orthologs (HMCN1 and 2) in vertebrates. In worms, HMCN is deposited at specific sites where it forms long, fine tracks that link two tissues by connecting adjacent basement membranes (BMs). By generating CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated Hmcn1 and Hmcn2 knockout mice, we tested the hypothesis that HMCNs perform similar functions in mammals.ResultsHmcn1
−/− mice were viable and fertile. Using new, knockout mouse‐validated HMCN1 antibodies, HMCN1 was detected in wild‐type mice as fine tracks along the BM of hair and whisker follicles, in the sclera of the eyes, and in the lumen of some lymphoid conduits. It was also observed in the mesangial matrix of the kidney glomerulus. However, HMCN1 deficiency did not affect the functions of these tissues, including adherence of coat hairs and whiskers, the sieving function of lymphoid conduits, or the immune response to injected antigens. HMCN2 deficiency did not lead to any discernible phenotypes on its own or when combined with HMCN1 deficiency.ConclusionThat Hmcn1
−/−, Hmcn2
−/−, and Hmcn1/2 double knockout mice did not display any overt phenotypes implicates compensation by other members of the fibulin family.
Regulatory feedback on receptor and non‐receptor synthesis for robust signaling
Authors: Lander Arthur D. , Nie Qing , Sanchez‐Tapia Cynthia , Simonyan Aghavni , Wan Frederic Y. M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElaborate regulatory feedback processes are thought to make biological development robust, that is, resistant to changes induced by genetic or environmental perturbations. How this might be done is still not completely understood. Previous numerical simulations on reaction‐diffusion models of Dpp gradients in Drosophila wing imaginal disc have showed that feedback (of the Hill function type) on (signaling) receptors and/or non‐(signaling) receptors are of limited effectiveness in promoting robustness. Spatial nonuniformity of the feedback processes has also been shown theoretically to lead to serious shape distortion and a principal cause for ineffectiveness. Through mathematical modeling and analysis, the present article shows that spatially uniform nonlocal feedback mechanisms typically modify gradient shape through a shape parameter (that does not change with location). This in turn enables us to uncover new multi‐feedback instrument for effective promotion of robust signaling gradients.
A Galerkin‐free/equation‐free model reduction method for single‐phase flow in fractured porous media
Authors: Han Dongxu , Li Tingyu , Tang Qingfeng , Yu Bo , Sun Dongliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing traditional high‐fidelity numerical simulation to simulate fluid flow in fractured porous media in a real field remains challenging. It involves a large number of degrees of freedom when matrix and fracture equations are solved. To address this challenge, we propose a Galerkin‐free framework to construct a reduced‐order model (ROM) based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Compared with the typical POD‐based modeling process commonly used in previous studies, the POD‐ROM can be built without performing the Galerkin projection of flow equations onto the low‐dimensional space spanned by the POD basis functions. The numerical integration method was incorporated to obtain the POD time coefficients based on the flow equations solved by the conventional finite volume method. Two complex fracture cases reflecting high‐contrast porous media in a two‐dimensional domain were designed to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the established Galerkin‐free POD‐ROM. Sensitivity analysis of parameters was conducted to examine the adaptability of the ROM. The results illustrate that, compared with the fine‐scale model, the ROM can significantly reduce the CPU time without compromising the quality of the numerical solutions.
The effect of instream logs on river‐bank erosion: Field measurements of hydraulics and erosion rates
Authors: Zhang Nuosha , Rutherfurd Ian D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis is the first substantial field measurement of river‐bank erosion around fallen logs in rivers. Whilst numerous studies have established that living trees can stabilize river banks, and that fallen trees can cause scour of the river bed, knowledge of bank erosion effects from logs is largely restricted to qualitative observations. Recent flume studies suggest that a single log can increase near‐bank velocity (and thus erosion) and this increase is related to the blockage ratio of the log and the distance between the log and bank. However, hydraulic interactions between logs can reduce this increase or even decrease the near‐bank velocity. These theories, developed in a straight flume, have not been tested in the field. We measured erosion rates (relative to controls) on river banks adjacent to 35 large logs for 2 years, and velocity distributions around 11 logs during a near‐bankfull flow in anabranching channels of the River Murray, SE Australia. These channels have abundant large instream logs, consistent bank material, and consistent regulated high flows. The field results generally supported the velocity changes caused by single and multiple logs in the flume studies, with single logs increasing near‐bank velocity, but with the hydraulic interactions between successive logs tending to reduce this increase. Flow patterns caused by logs adjacent to curved banks were more complicated as the local effects of logs reinforced or weakened recirculating flows. Instream logs did not change overall, average, bank erosion rates, but they tended to shift the erosion from bank top to bank toe. However, individual logs increased or decreased bank erosion rates in patterns that generally concur with the near‐bank velocity changes predicted in flume studies: that isolated logs increased erosion rates whilst hydraulically interacting logs did not increase erosion rates. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp‐9) regulate photoreceptor regeneration in adult zebrafish
Authors: Silva Nicholas J. , Nagashima Mikiko , Li Jingling , Kakuk‐Atkins Laura , Ashrafzadeh Milad , Hyde David R. , Hitchcock Peter F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBrain injury activates complex inflammatory signals in dying neurons, surviving neurons, and glia. Here, we establish that inflammation regulates the regeneration of photoreceptors in the zebrafish retina and determine the cellular expression and function of the inflammatory protease, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp‐9), during this regenerative neurogenesis. Following photoreceptor ablation, anti‐inflammatory treatment suppresses the number of injury‐induced progenitors and regenerated photoreceptors. Upon photoreceptor injury, mmp‐9 is induced in Müller glia and Müller glia‐derived photoreceptor progenitors. Deleting mmp‐9 results in over production of injury‐induced progenitors and regenerated photoreceptors, but over time the absence of Mmp‐9 compromises the survival of the regenerated cones. At all time‐points studied, the levels of tnf‐α are significantly elevated in mutant retinas. Anti‐inflammatory treatment in mutants rescues the defects in cone survival. These data provide a link between injury‐induced inflammation in the vertebrate CNS, Mmp‐9 function during neuronal regeneration and the requirement of Mmp‐9 for the survival of regenerated cones.
Functions of histone modifications and histone modifiers in Schwann cells
Authors: Duman Mert , Martinez‐Moreno Margot , Jacob Claire , Tapinos Nikos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSchwann cells (SCs) are the main glial cells present in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Their primary functions are to insulate peripheral axons to protect them from the environment and to enable fast conduction of electric signals along big caliber axons by enwrapping them in a thick myelin sheath rich in lipids. In addition, SCs have the peculiar ability to foster axonal regrowth after a lesion by demyelinating and converting into repair cells that secrete neurotrophic factors and guide axons back to their former target to finally remyelinate regenerated axons. The different steps of SC development and their role in the maintenance of PNS integrity and regeneration after lesion are controlled by various factors among which transcription factors and chromatin‐remodeling enzymes hold major functions. In this review, we discussed how histone modifications and histone‐modifying enzymes control SC development, maintenance of PNS integrity and response to injury. The functions of histone modifiers as part of chromatin‐remodeling complexes are discussed in another review published in the same issue of Glia.