bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival is negatively associated with glucocorticoids in a wild ungulate neonate
Authors: GINGERY Tess Michelle , DIEFENBACH Duane Richard , PRITCHARD Catharine Elizabeth , ENSMINGER David Charles , WALLINGFORD Bret Daniel , ROSENBERRY Christopher Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is unknown how ungulate physiological responses to environmental perturbation influence overall population demographics. Moreover, neonatal physiological responses remain poorly studied despite the importance of neonatal survival to population growth. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones potentially facilitate critical physiological and behavioral responses to environmental perturbations. However, elevated GC concentrations over time may compromise body condition and indirectly reduce survival. We evaluated baseline salivary cortisol (CORT; a primary GC in mammals) concentrations in 19 wild neonatal white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a northern (NS) and southern (SS) area in Pennsylvania. After ranking survival models consisting of variables hypothesized to influence neonate survival (i.e. weight, sex), the probability of neonate survival was best explained by CORT concentrations, where elevated CORT concentrations were associated with reduced survival probability to 12 weeks of age. Cortisol concentrations were greater in the SS where predation rates and predator densities were lower. As the first evaluation of baseline CORT concentrations in an ungulate neonate to our knowledge, this is also the first study to demonstrate CORT concentrations are negatively associated with ungulate survival at any life stage. Glucocorticoid hormones could provide a framework in which to better understand susceptibility to mortality in neonatal white‐tailed deer.
Phenomenological analysis on whipping behavior of rice flour batter
Authors: Ichikawa Chiaki , Ishikawa Daitaro , Yang Jia Min , Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, the bubbles in rice flour batter were investigated under a constant temperature, because the bubble size distribution is important for the control of food texture. We obtained experimental data using a hand mixer and compared the properties of doughs prepared using six rice flours; each flour was prepared through a different milling process. We also added the size effect of the rice flour particles as the Bond number. Furthermore, we performed a dynamic wettability test to estimate the wettability of the rice flour surface. The results of this test were described well by the Washburn equation, and dccosθ/dp was calculated as a wettability parameter (where, dc = effective diameter of a capillary in a powder bed, cosθ = the contact angle, dp = mean particle diameter of rice flour). If bubble sizes depend mainly on the inertial force, viscous force, surface tension, and gravity, then the normalized mean bubble diameter should be a function of the Reynolds number, Weber number, and Froude number. The mean bubble diameter (dbm) generated by whipping was expected to be affected by the thickness (d) of the rod of the mixer, its movement speed, and physical properties of the material. Therefore, dimensionless mean diameter (dbm/d) was expressed based on a dimensionless equation. In the three‐phase dispersion, different empirical equations were obtained depending on the amount of rice flour added, and the bubble diameter could be predicted using dimensionless parameters. In addition, the equations were generally applicable to the various materials selected for this study.Practical ApplicationThe powder properties of rice flour were investigated, and dimensionless parameters were analyzed to construct an appropriate process control system for rice flour‐based food products. Although the process method optimized for flour products is also used for rice flour products in practical situations, the comprehensive evaluation based on dimensionless parameters leads to optimization of the process for rice‐flour based products. Moreover, this optimization might strongly support the creation of a new texture, and thus, the potential for market expansion of rice‐flour based products is considerable.
Effects of prophylactic atropine on the time to tracheal intubation with the pre‐administration of remifentanil
Authors: Shim Jae‐Geum , Cho Eun A. , Ryu Kyoung Ho , Lee Sung Hyun , Kim Jeong In , Kim Doyeon , Oh Eun Jung , Ahn Jin Hee 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPre‐administration of remifentanil in target‐controlled propofol and remifentanil anaesthesia could prolong the time of onset of muscle relaxation owing to haemodynamic effects, thereby prolonging the time to tracheal intubation. Although the sympatholytic effects of remifentanil result in bradycardia and hypotension, these responses can be attenuated by the administration of atropine. Therefore, we investigated whether prophylactic administration of atropine could prevent the prolongation of the time to tracheal intubation.MethodsSixty‐four patients were included in this study. They were randomised into Group A (atropine 0.5 mg, n = 32) and Group S (saline 0.9%, n = 32), immediately before the pre‐administration of remifentanil. The primary outcome was the time to tracheal intubation and the secondary outcomes were rocuronium onset time, time to loss of consciousness (LOC), time to reach a value of 60 on the bispectral index (BIS) and haemodynamic variables.ResultsThe median [Interquartile range] of the time to tracheal intubation was 240 [214, 288]s in Group S and 190 [176, 212]s in Group A(median difference: 50 s, 95% confidence interval: 27‐80 s, P = .001). Rocuronium onset time was significantly decreased in Group A compared to that in Group S (129 [110, 156] vs 172 [154, 200], P = .001). The times to LOC and reach 60 on the BIS were not significantly different between the two groups. Cardiac output(CO) and heart rate were less decreased in Group A than in Group S (P = .02, P < .001, respectively).ConclusionsProphylactic administration of atropine could compensate for the reduction in CO in cases pre‐administered with remifentanil in target‐controlled propofol and remifentanil anaesthesia. This in turn prevented the prolongation of rocuronium onset time and reduced the time to tracheal intubation.
Project for Universal Management of Airways – part 1: concept and methods
Authors: Chrimes N. , Higgs A. , Law J. A. , Baker P. A. , Cooper R. M. , Greif R. , Kovacs G. , Myatra S. N. , O'Sullivan E. P. , Rosenblatt W. H. , Ross C. H. , Sakles J. C. , Sorbello M. , Hagberg C. A. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryMultiple professional groups and societies worldwide have produced airway management guidelines. These are typically targeted at the process of tracheal intubation by a particular provider group in a restricted category of patients and reflect practice preferences in a particular geographical region. The existence of multiple distinct guidelines for some (but not other) closely related circumstances, increases complexity and may obscure the underlying principles that are common to all of them. This has the potential to increase cognitive load; promote the grouping of ideas in silos; impair teamwork; and ultimately compromise patient care. Development of a single set of airway management guidelines that can be applied across and beyond these domains may improve implementation; promote standardisation; and facilitate collaboration between airway practitioners from diverse backgrounds. A global multidisciplinary group of both airway operators and assistants was assembled. Over a 3‐year period, a review of the existing airway guidelines and multiple reviews of the primary literature were combined with a structured process for determining expert consensus. Any discrepancies between these were analysed and reconciled. Where evidence in the literature was lacking, recommendations were made by expert consensus. Using the above process, a set of evidence‐based airway management guidelines was developed in consultation with airway practitioners from a broad spectrum of disciplines and geographical locations. While consistent with the recommendations of the existing English language guidelines, these universal guidelines also incorporate the most recent concepts in airway management as well as statements on areas not widely addressed by the existing guidelines. The recommendations will be published in four parts that respectively address: airway evaluation; airway strategy; airway rescue and communication of airway outcomes. Together, these universal guidelines will provide a single, comprehensive approach to airway management that can be consistently applied by airway practitioners globally, independent of their clinical background or the circumstances in which airway management occurs.
Functional navigation in hip resurfacing
Authors: Waters Georgina , D'Alessandro Peter , Yates Piers 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcetabular malpositioning in total hip arthroplasty (THA) can result in edge loading, leading to increased wear, pseudotumours and bearing failure. Historically Lewinnek's safe zone has been the goal for optimal THA cup positioning; however, research indicates that one generic safe zone is not ideal. In hip resurfacing (HR) there is a lack of data regarding optimal position, and studies indicate that edge loading is related to increased inclination.MethodsWe used a functional positioning protocol to produce patient‐specific (PS) dynamic analyses, identifying individual functional ideal acetabular zones. We hypothesized that identifying and implanting into PS functional ideal zones would result in decreased edge loading and improved clinical outcomes. Fifteen adept HRs were implanted using a PS functional positioning protocol. As plans were created for standard THA acetabular position, adjustments were made intra‐operatively.ResultsDynamic post‐operative analyses showed 80% of implants were appropriately positioned. The remaining 20% had edge loading, where implants had inclination ≤5° of planned positioning and 10° of planned anteversion. 60% were ≤10° of planned inclination and anteversion. No pre‐operative planned positions were within ‘Lewinneks's zone’, indicating its questionable relevance, especially in HR. A total of 20% of patients developed pain; however, at 1 year post‐operatively all patients recorded improved Oxford hip scores.ConclusionThis study confirms that functional positioning in HR consistently results in improved precision and accuracy in achieving the functional acetabular ideal zone, leading to improved clinical outcomes and prevention of edge loading.
Exit, voice, loyalty, and … disobedience: When a CEO opposes his principal
Authors: Sardais Cyrille , Blom Martin , Lortie Josée 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch Question/IssueOn the basis of a dynamic interrelation between the assumptions of agency theory and stewardship theory, this study seeks to make sense of disobedience at the highest corporate level. Departing from a processual view in order to better understand how loyalty plays a critical role in the relationships between a CEO and his/her principal, we propose a conceptualization of the options open to a top executive in disagreement with the principal. We view the relationship from “below” by primarily taking the CEO's perspective, resulting in a more complex view on how “duty” is perceived and acted upon by the CEO.Research Findings/InsightsWe use the rich and abundant archives left behind by the CEO of a large French firm. We had access to over 50,000 pages of documents that allowed us to follow the CEO and his relationships with his principals, at times from day to day. We found two competing loyalties (loyalty to the principal—agency theory—and loyalty to the organization—stewardship theory) that gradually become independent of each other, triggering different responses in terms of “exits” from the relationship with the principal. This particular dynamic in which the CEO acted as a guardian of the overall purpose of the organization enabled the emergence, development, and consolidation of a disobedience process that over the years contributed to the well‐being of his firm as well as to the social changes occurring in France at that time.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis longitudinal study extends the corporate governance literature by offering a process‐oriented approach, quite rare in this stream of research, and a more dynamic view of how agency theory and stewardship theory interact. Then, by providing empirical support for the idea that the disobedience process can protect and allow an organization to first evolve positively over time and eventually contribute to social improvements, our study proposes a form of responsible stewardship.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study offers important insights for executives, directors, and shareholders on how to make sense of, and in the long run potentially benefit from, disobedience at the highest corporate levels.
MicroRNA‐146b‐5p overexpression attenuates premature ovarian failure in mice by inhibiting the Dab2ip/Ask1/p38‐Mapk pathway and γH2A.X phosphorylation
Authors: Liu Te , Lin Jiajia , Chen Chuan , Nie Xiaoli , Dou Fangfang , Chen Jiulin , Wang Zhenxin , Gong Zhangbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the role of high‐fat and high‐sugar (HFHS) diet‐induced oxidative stress, which is a risk factor for various diseases, in premature ovarian failure (POF).Materials and methodsOvarian granulosa cells (OGCs) were isolated from mice and cultured in medium supplemented with HFHS and poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)‐cross‐linked miR‐146b‐5p nanoparticles (miR‐146@PLGA). RNA and protein expression levels were examined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. HFHS diet‐induced POF model mice were administered miR‐146@PLGA.ResultsThe ovarian tissue of mice fed a HFHS diet exhibited the typical pathological characteristics of POF. HFHS supplementation induced oxidative stress injury in the mouse OGCs, activation of the Dab2ip/Ask1/p38‐Mapk signalling pathway and phosphorylation of γH2A.X in vitro and in vivo. The results of the luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR‐146 specifically downregulated p38‐Mapk14 expression. Meanwhile, co‐immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses revealed that HFHS supplementation upregulated nuclear p38‐Mapk14 expression and consequently enhanced γH2A.X (Ser139) phosphorylation. The HFHS diet‐induced POF mouse model treated with miR‐146@PLGA exhibited downregulated p38‐Mapk14 expression in the OGCs, mitigated OGC ageing and alleviated the symptoms of POF.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that HFHS supplementation activates the Dab2ip/Ask1/p38‐Mapk signalling pathway and promotes γH2A.X phosphorylation by inhibiting the expression of endogenous miR‐146b‐5p, which results in OGC ageing and POF development.
No Small Steps: The Time Has Expired
Authors: Doering Zahava D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis author believes that museums risk societal irrelevance, unless they effect profound changes in response to calls for inclusiveness and equity on the part of Blacks, Latinx, and other disenfranchised groups. She makes specific suggestions in multiple areas: Museums should pledge to fill positions with people of color and from other marginalized minorities. Hiring should privilege societal accomplishments and life experience over age, gender, and education credentials. Museum boards must include community representatives with the same rights as donors. Exhibition topics should be relevant to the lives of community members and spaces beyond museum buildings should be used as venues. Current exhibitions and collections, or even complete museums, should be re‐interpreted by people represented in them. Decolonization efforts should include a national portal of items with suspect provenance and the Eurocentric nomenclature for cataloging should be revised. Overall, museums must promote “shared authority" and include individuals and communities in their re‐creation.
Decentralisation of historical geography in China 2006–2020
Authors: Ding Yannan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article reviews the status and recent developments of historical geography in China during 2006–2020. The decentralisation of research institutions and academics characterised this era of economic growth. Research topics in the field of historical geography also diversified tremendously. However, Chinese historical geography education and research is overly skewed towards history. Importantly, the dearth of original history and philosophy of geography studies results in a lack of consensus over the nature of historical geography. Developments in the history of cartography could serve as a remedy for this crisis. From the perspective of decolonial geography, historical geography in China is positioned in relation to that developed in the West. Furthermore, the difficulties and disorderliness in reshaping a unique and deep‐rooted geographical tradition are discussed.
L'adoption par l'OIT d'une approche fondée sur la durabilité et ses conséquences sur le droit d'expression collective des travailleurs
Authors: NOVITZ Tonia 
Published: November 2020

RésuméL'action de l'OIT pour le développement durable s'est d'abord organisée autour des notions de «transition juste» et d'«emplois verts», en lien avec la protection de l'environnement. Aujourd'hui, les objectifs du développement durable devraient permettre à l'Organisation de se saisir pleinement de la dimension sociale du développement durable, grâce à l'ODD 8, qui mentionne le travail décent, et à la cible 16.7 sur la participation à la prise de décisions. L'auteure examine comment l'OIT pourrait promouvoir l'expression collective des travailleurs dans le contexte du débat sur un «avenir du travail durable» et cherche à déterminer qui doit avoir un droit d'expression et comment celui‐ci doit s'exercer.
Going against the flow: Barriers to gene flow impact patterns of connectivity in cryptic coral reef gobies throughout the western Atlantic
Authors: Volk Daniel R. , Konvalina John D. , Floeter Sergio R. , Ferreira Carlos E. L. , Hoffman Eric A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimComplex oceanographic features have historically caused difficulty in understanding gene flow in marine taxa. Here, we evaluate the impact of potential phylogeographic barriers to gene flow and assess demography and evolutionary history of a coral reef goby species complex. Specifically, we test how the Amazon River outflow and ocean currents impact gene flow.LocationWestern Atlantic.TaxonThe bridled goby (Coryphopterus glaucofraenum) and sand‐canyon goby (C. venezuelae) species complex.MethodsWe used mitochondrial DNA and 2,401 genomic SNPs to investigate evolutionary history and test hypotheses of how major barriers impact species‐level differentiation. We used clustering algorithms and pairwiseFSTto assess population differentiation caused by minor barriers within and among regions. Finally, we tested alternate hypotheses of demographic history via coalescent simulations to determine the most plausible spread across the Western Atlantic.ResultsWe found two unique clades ofC. glaucofraenumalong the Brazilian coast and the oceanic island Atol das Rocas (AR) that are more closely related toC. venzuelae. Further genetic structure within the Caribbean and separately along the Brazilian coast led to at least two distinct populations in each Province. Coalescent simulations indicated that an ancestral population ofC. venezuelaesplit fromC. glaucofraenumin the Caribbean, dispersed to Brazil, then spread to AR.Main conclusionsSpecies‐level genetic differentiation has resulted from the Amazon River outflow and isolation of AR. Population differentiation within the Caribbean matched previous studies indicating an east‐west pattern of divergence. Brazilian population differentiation was impacted by the cold‐water upwelling filter at Cabo Frio. Overall, this research highlights how barriers to gene flow impact speciation and genetic structure within western Atlantic gobies and provides insight into the role oceanographic features have in the speciation process of fishes.
Imepitoin for treatment of idiopathic head tremor syndrome in dogs: A randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Schneider Nina , Potschka Heidrun , Reese Sven , Wielaender Franziska , Fischer Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic head tremor syndrome is a paroxysmal movement disorder of unknown etiology. Spontaneous remission may occur, but owners may request treatment in severely affected dogs with continued episodes. Controlled studies of the disease are not available.Hypothesis/ObjectivesA drug with gamma amino butyric acid‐ergic and anxiolytic effects will decrease head tremor episodes.AnimalsTwenty‐four dogs with severe nonremitting head tremor and presumptive clinical diagnosis of idiopathic head tremor syndrome.MethodsProspective, blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial to compare imepitoin with placebo in dogs with frequent episodes of idiopathic head tremor. Evaluation of efficacy used the quotient T2/T1 that represented prolongation of the head tremor‐free period compared to a 3‐month baseline. A dog was considered a responder if tremors subsided or if the head tremor‐free period was 3× longer than the longest period during baseline (T2/T1 ≥ 3). Sample size calculations considered a large effect of imepitoin on T2/T1 (Cohen's d = 0.8).ResultsThere were no responders in the placebo group (0/12). In the imepitoin group, the responder rate was 17% (2/12; P = .18) with T2/T1 3.8 and 4.0. Mean T2/T1 was 1.0 ± 1.4 in the imepitoin and 0.4 ± 0.4 in the placebo group (P = .37).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceImepitoin did not result in a significant overall benefit. Future studies should focus on treatment of subgroups with a common pathophysiology and similar comorbidities.
Efficacy of telmisartan for the treatment of persistent renal proteinuria in dogs: A double‐masked, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lourenço Bianca N. , Coleman Amanda E. , Brown Scott A. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Parkanzky Max C. , Creevy Kate E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundInformation regarding efficacy of the angiotensin II receptor blocker, telmisartan, for treatment of proteinuria in dogs is limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the antiproteinuric efficacy of telmisartan, as compared to enalapril, in dogs with chronic kidney disease and persistent, renal proteinuria.AnimalsThirty‐nine client‐owned dogs with chronic kidney disease and urinary protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC) > 0.5 (if azotemic) or ≥ 1.0 (if nonazotemic).MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, double‐masked clinical trial, dogs were block randomized, according to presence or absence of azotemia and systemic arterial hypertension, to receive telmisartan (1.0 mg/kg PO q24h), or enalapril (0.5 mg/kg PO q12h), and followed for 120 days. Up‐titration of study drug dosage on days 30 and 60, and addition of the other study drug at day 90, were performed if UPC > 0.5 was noted at these visits. Percentage change in UPC relative to baseline was calculated for all time points. Data are presented as median (range).ResultsThirty‐nine (20 telmisartan‐treated, 19 enalapril‐treated) dogs were included. At day 30, percentage change in UPC was greater for telmisartan‐treated (−65% [−95% to 104%]) vs enalapril‐treated (−35% [−74% to 87%]) dogs (P = .002). Among dogs persistently proteinuric at earlier visits, telmisartan remained superior to enalapril at days 60 (P = .02) and 90 (P = .02). No difference in percentage change in UPC between study groups was observed at day 120, when combination therapy was allowed. Combination therapy resulted in relevant azotemia in 4/13 (31%) dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTelmisartan might be a suitable first‐line therapy for dogs with renal proteinuria.