bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of baseline clinical and radiological features on outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Holme Sigrun Skaar , Kilian Karin , Eggesbø Heidi B. , Moen Jon Magnus , Molberg Øyvind 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) causes a recurring inflammation in nose and paranasal sinuses that clinically resembles chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of other aetiologies. While sinonasal inflammation is not among the life-threatening features of GPA, patients report it to have major negative impact on quality of life. A relatively large proportion of GPA patients have severe CRS with extensive damage to nose and sinus structures evident by CT, but risk factors for severe CRS development remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify clinical and radiological predictors of CRS-related damage in GPA.Methods: We included GPA patients who had clinical data sets from time of diagnosis, and two or more paranasal sinus CT scans obtained ≥ 12 months apart available for analysis. We defined time from first to last CT as the study observation period, and evaluated CRS development across this period using CT scores for inflammatory sinus bone thickening (osteitis), bone destructions and sinus opacifications (here defined as mucosal disease). In logistic regression, we applied osteitis as main outcome measure for CRS-related damage.Results: We evaluated 697 CT scans obtained over median 5 years observation from 116 GPA patients. We found that 39% (45/116) of the GPA patients remained free from CRS damage across the study observation period, while 33% (38/116) had progressive damage. By end of observation, 32% (37/116) of the GPA patients had developed severe osteitis. We identified mucosal disease at baseline as a predictor for osteitis (Odds Ratio 1.33), and we found that renal involvement at baseline was less common in patients with severe osteitis at last CT (41%, 15/37) than in patients with no osteitis (60%, 27/45).Conclusions: In this largely unselected GPA patient cohort, baseline sinus mucosal disease associated with CRS-related damage, as measured by osteitis at end of follow-up. We found no significant association with clinical factors, but the data set indicated an inverse relationship between renal involvement and severe sinonasal affliction.
ZAWARCIE ‘PER PROCURA’ MAŁŻEŃSTWA KONSULARNEGO PRZEZ OBYWATELI POLSKICH
Authors: Świto Lucjan , Tomkiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: December 2020

Prawo polskie przewiduje między innymi dwie formy zawarcia małżeństwa: przed polskim konsulem za granicą (art. 1 § 4 k.r.o.) oraz przez pełnomocnika (art. 6 k.r.o.).
O ile każdy z wymienionych sposobów zawarcia małżeństwa – analizowany osobno – jest materią ujętą przez ustawodawcę w sposób dość klarowny, o tyle jednoczesne zestawienie ze sobą obu wymienionych form zawarcia małżeństwa rodzi pytania i wątpliwości, które dotychczas nie były przedmiotem analiz.
Pytaniem, które pojawia się niejako w punkcie wyjścia, jest to, czy dopuszczalne jest zawarcie per procura małżeństwa konsularnego przez obywateli polskich, a jeśli tak, to czy przepisy regulujące wymienione formuły „rozpoznają się” wzajemnie i czy są ze sobą zsynchronizowane. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na te pytania.
PROFILING IN THE RECRUITMENT OF SUBJECTS FOR CLINICAL TRIALS IN THE LIGHT OF GDPR
Authors: Domagała Natalia , Oręziak Bartłomiej , Świerczyński Marek 
Published: December 2020

Highly specialized methods of selecting participants for clinical trials have been in use for a long time in the medical sciences. An example is oﬀered by oncological pre-profling, which involves the use of genetic biomarkers for a preliminary identification of oncological patients for clinical trials. We should expect further developments in this area, due to the rapid progress being made in e-health technologies and patients’ growing use of mobile applications. Failure to use new technologies in recruitment could even lead to failure in carrying out a clinical trial due to a shortage of participants.
This issue is particularly important due to the regulatory framework for profiling adopted under GDPR (the General Data Protection Regulation). GDPR is of crucial importance for the R&D activities pursued by the pharmaceutical industry and in personalized medicine, and one of the biggest challenges is the practical application of its rules in profiling activities. Te same applies to the use of data obtained during clinical trials at the stage when the medical product is about to be launched on the market.
The aim of this paper is to present the GDPR rules to facilitate the use of profiling tools for the recruitment of participants for clinical trials. It includes a proposal for the amendment of the EU pharmaceutical law to introduce statutory grounds for profiling.
Selective Sensing Platform Utilizing Graphitized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Monitoring of Ondansetron and Paracetamol
Authors: Šimunić Iva , Mornar Ana , Nigović Biljana 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Ondansetron and paracetamol are often co-administrated to prevent and treat
nausea and vomiting caused by anaesthesia and to control postoperative pain. In addition, ondansetron
is used as the first-line antiemetic in paracetamol overdose. Therefore, a selective and sensitive
method for their simultaneous analysis is of great importance. The electroanalytical methods are
highly sensitive and offer many possibilities for new sensor platform design. However, at present, no
electroanalytical method for simultaneous determination of these drugs has been proposed.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to develop a novel nanosensor for selective monitoring of ondansetron
and paracetamol in pharmaceutical and biological samples without expensive and timeconsuming
pretreatments.

Methods:
The graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in a cation exchange polymer
matrix were selected, among various surface functionalizations evaluated, to design a novel sensor.
Based on its excellent sensing performance, the first electroanalytical method was developed for the
rapid concurrent determination of investigated drugs.

Results:
The scanning electron microscopy study showed an interlinked nanoporous network structure
and a highly enlarged active surface. The developed sensor facilitated electron transfer in the
oxidation of both drugs and tremendously enhanced the adsorption capacity for ondansetron, thus
exhibiting a significant increase in drug responses and sensitivity. To obtain much sensitive response
of investigated drugs, the effect of pH values of supporting electrolyte, dispersed nanomaterial
amount, the cation exchange polymer concentration, drop-casting volume of nanocomposite suspension,
accumulation potential and deposition time on the peak current was evaluated. The developed
electroanalytical method was validated and the practical utility of the proposed nanosensor was
tested.

Conclusion:
The developed sensor is a promising sensing platform with a fast response time for
analysis of ondansetron and paracetamol at very different concentration levels found in their fixeddose
combination and human serum sample after recommended daily doses showing its potential
usage in pharmaceutical quality control and clinical research.
Diastereoselective Reduction of Selected α-substituted β-keto Esters and the Assignment of the Relative Configuration by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Trapp Christian , Herrmann Corinna , Drewniok Chris , Greif Dieter , Hofrichter Martin 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Chiral β-hydroxy esters and α-substituted β-hydroxy esters represent versatile
building blocks for pheromones, β-lactam antibiotics and 1,2- or 1,3-aminoalcohols.

Objective::
Synthesis of versatile α-substituted β-keto esters and their diastereoselective reduction
to the corresponding syn- or anti-α-substituted β-hydroxy esters. Assignment of the relative configuration
by NMR-spectroscopy after a Curtius rearrangement of α-substituted β-keto esters to 4-substituted
5-methyloxazolidin-2-ones.

Methods:
Diastereoselective reduction was achieved by using different Lewis acids (zinc, titanium
and cerium) in combination with complex borohydrides as reducing agents. Assignment of the relative
configuration was verified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy after Curtius-rearrangement of α-substituted
β-hydroxy esters to 4-substituted 5-methyloxazolidin-2-ones.

Results::
For the syn-selective reduction, titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) in combination with a
pyridine-borane complex (py BH3) led to diastereoselectivities up to 99% dr. High anti-selective reduction
was achieved by using cerium trichloride (CeCl3) and steric hindered reducing agents such
as lithium triethylborohydride (LiEt3BH). After Curtius-rearrangement of each α-substituted β-hydroxy
ester to the corresponding 4-substituted 5-methyloxazolidin-2-one, the relative configuration
was confirmed by 1H NMR-spectroscopy.

Conclusion::
We have expanded the procedure of Lewis acid-mediated diastereoselective reduction
to bulky α-substituents such as the isopropyl group and the electron withdrawing phenyl ring.
Parametric Review of Surfactant Flooding at the Tertiary Stage to Achieve the Accuracy for Proposing the Screening Criteria
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Usman , Wei Liu 
Published: December 2020

:
A critical review of previous studies is presented based on the contextual research
background of surfactant flooding in this study. The parameters focused on
achieving the analysis include permeability, salinity, temperature, and viscosity from
different surfactant flooding operations. The principal theme of this review was to provide
the regression analysis technique that may adopt to analyze the collected data and
conduct contextual research. The set of analytical discussion is accomplished by extracting
and plotting the basic parameters against recovery at Original Oil in Place (OOIP)
and tertiary stages. Furthermore, the success rate of such studies is compared to the
grounds of oil recovery efficiency at different stages. Moreover, the failure of the surfactant
flooding project can also be ensured by the outcomes of this study.

:
It is revealed from this study that the recovery efficiency of surfactant flooding can be
obtained maximum at lower permeability ranges, however, other parameters such as salinity
and temperature may possess some influence on recovery. In fact, the fluid viscosity
of reservoir fluid is inversely rated to recovery. The salinity, temperature and viscosity
ranges for efficient surfactant flooding ranges may drop within the range from 1400
to 132606 ppm, 25 to 126 °C, and 1.9 to 150 cP, respectively.
Evaluation of Biological Effects and Toxicity of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Alone Following Intravenous Injection in Mice
Authors: Aula Sangeetha , Lakkireddy Samyuktha , Kapley Atya , Hebalkar Neha , Sharma Rakesh K. , Uppin Shantveer G. , Jamil Kaiser 
Published: December 2020

Background::
The exciting benefits of Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the biomedical field necessitate
generating knowledge on the safety concerns which have been raised over the applications of these NPs.

Objective::
To understand the biological effects and mechanism of toxicity induction of Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
(CTAB) stabilized AgNPs as well as CTAB alone in mice following intravenous injection.

Methods::
The investigations were carried out by measuring hematological and serum biochemical parameters, oxidative
stress, genotoxicity, and histopathology.

Results::
AgNPs’ treatment was found to induce a marked decrease (p<0.05) in platelet and lymphocyte count, Serum
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), and increase (p<0.05) in granulocytes count and Serum glutamate pyruvate
transaminase (SGPT) whereas CTAB treatment-induced a decrease in platelet count. The decrease in glutathione (GSH)
and an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in the liver, spleen, and kidney of mice suggest the potential role of
AgNPs in inducing oxidative stress. Genotoxicity apparent from the increased comet parameters and micronuclei formation
observed in the liver, spleen, and kidney of mice treated with AgNPs and CTAB. Histological examination in mice treated
with AgNPs and CTAB showed (i) diffused venous congestion in the liver (AgNPs) and focal venous congestion in the liver
(CTAB); (ii) mild red pulp congestion in the spleen and (iii) acute tubular necrosis in the kidney. Histological examination
in mice treated with AgNPs and CTAB showed diffused venous congestion and focal venous congestion respectively in the
liver, while mild red pulp congestion in the spleen and acute tubular necrosis in the kidney were also observed..

Conclusion::
There is a need to develop methods to dissolve the toxicity of CTAB, thereby it induces inducing relatively
low or no toxicity without affecting compromising the stability of nanosilver formulations formation. Such insights are
believed to be fundamental in the synthesis of high-performance AgNPs demonstrated for outstanding biomedical
applications.
Encapsulation of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Nutraceuticals: Implications for Biological Activities
Authors: Ali Muna A. , Mosa Kareem A. 
Published: December 2020

Background::
The concept of nutraceuticals has gained increased interest recently as it is based on using natural substances for therapeutic applications. However, limitations such as low bioavailability have restricted the use of these substances thus far. Nanoencapsulation of nutraceuticals has been proposed as a promising solution to circumvent such issues by increasing their bioavailability and targeting their release. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are amongst the inorganic nanocarriers that have been studied for their ability to encapsulate nutraceuticals.

Objectives::
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and their synthesis and applications. Furthermore, the conjugation of these nanoparticles with nutraceuticals will be discussed along with their potential applications.

Conclusion::
It has been observed that the conjugation of nutraceuticals with metal nanoparticles resulted in the cumulative properties of both these factors with increased effectiveness. Such advancements are crucial for nutraceutical use in important theranostic applications that combine diagnosis and therapy.
An Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis Approach Based on Wavelet-based
Fractal Analysis and Multiple Kernel SVM
Authors: Jiang Jianfeng 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
In order to diagnose the analog circuit fault correctly, an analog circuit fault diagnosis approach on
basis of wavelet-based fractal analysis and multiple kernel support vector machine (MKSVM) is presented in the paper.

Methods:
Time responses of the circuit under different faults are measured, and then wavelet-based fractal analysis is
used to process the collected time responses for the purpose of generating features for the signals. Kernel principal
component analysis (KPCA) is applied to reduce the features’ dimensionality. Afterwards, features are divided into
training data and testing data. MKSVM with its multiple parameters optimized by chaos particle swarm optimization
(CPSO) algorithm is utilized to construct an analog circuit fault diagnosis model based on the testing data.

Results:
The proposed analog diagnosis approach is revealed by a four opamp biquad high-pass filter fault diagnosis
simulation.

Conclusion:
The approach outperforms other commonly used methods in the comparisons.
Systematic Delineation of Media Polarity on COVID-19 Vaccines in Africa: Computational Linguistic Modeling Study
Authors: Gbashi Sefater , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji , Doorsamy Wesley , Njobeh Patrick Berka 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe global onset of COVID-19 has resulted in substantial public health and socioeconomic impacts. An immediate medical breakthrough is needed. However, parallel to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is the proliferation of information regarding the pandemic, which, if uncontrolled, cannot only mislead the public but also hinder the concerted efforts of relevant stakeholders in mitigating the effect of this pandemic. It is known that media communications can affect public perception and attitude toward medical treatment, vaccination, or subject matter, particularly when the population has limited knowledge on the subject.ObjectiveThis study attempts to systematically scrutinize media communications (Google News headlines or snippets and Twitter posts) to understand the prevailing sentiments regarding COVID-19 vaccines in Africa.MethodsA total of 637 Twitter posts and 569 Google News headlines or descriptions, retrieved between February 2 and May 5, 2020, were analyzed using three standard computational linguistics models (ie, TextBlob, Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner, and Word2Vec combined with a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network).ResultsOur findings revealed that, contrary to general perceptions, Google News headlines or snippets and Twitter posts within the stated period were generally passive or positive toward COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. It was possible to understand these patterns in light of increasingly sustained efforts by various media and health actors in ensuring the availability of factual information about the pandemic.ConclusionsThis type of analysis could contribute to understanding predominant polarities and associated potential attitudinal inclinations. Such knowledge could be critical in informing relevant public health and media engagement policies.
Assessment of Strategies and Epidemiological Characteristics of Tuberculosis in Henan Province, China: Observational Study
Authors: Jiang Hui , Zhang Guolong , Yin Jinfeng , Zhao Dongyang , Liu Fangchao , Yao Yuxia , Cai Chao , Xu Jiying , Li Xinwei , Xu Wangli , Li Weimin 
Published: December 2020

Background
In 2005, China established an internet-based Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) to monitor changes in tuberculosis (TB). Many scholars have conducted epidemiological research using TBIMS; however, few studies assessing control strategies have been performed based on this platform data. Henan province is a high TB incidence area in China where, in addition to following the nationwide TB strategies, a series of local intervention combinations have been implemented.

Objective
Our study aims to evaluate the impact of nationwide TB intervention combinations on epidemiological changes and determine whether Henan province can achieve the World Health Organization’s (WHO) goal of reducing TB incidence by 50% and TB mortality by 75% by the year 2025.

Methods
We used descriptive statistical methods to show the spatial and temporal distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) reported to the TBIMS database from 2005 to 2018, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of bacteriological-positive TB. The dynamic compartmental model and Bayesian melding approach was adopted to estimate the burden of TB under the impact of different TB control policies.

Results
In total, 976,526 PTB cases were notified to the TBIMS in Henan in a period of 14 years. Although the overall incidence of PTB declined from 91.4/105 to 58.5/105, and the overall incidence of bacteriological-positive PTB declined from 44.5/105 to 14.7/105, the WHO’s 2025 goal could not be met. The distribution of high incidence and poverty-stricken counties were basically overlapped. Men, farmers and herdsmen (in rural areas), and subjects aged ≥60 years were more likely to develop bacteriological-positive PTB. The increasing treatment success for drug-susceptible tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has not provided the desired reduction in incidence and mortality.

Conclusions
To achieve the targeted goal, while improving the cure rate of TB, new active (rather than passive) detection and intervention strategies should be formulated based on epidemiological characteristics in Henan province.
Loom weights as a research tool
Authors: Boertien Jeannette 
Published: December 2020

The function of loom weights was to stretch and space the warp threads on a vertical loom. The loom weight is often the only preserved remnant of a loom used in antiquity. Because of their ubiquity, loom weights are the main key to the study of textile production in the Iron Age in the Levant.During excavations loom weights are easy to recognize if they are made of metal, stone or ceramics. Within burnt layers, unfired clay loom weights can be accidentally fired and thus well preserved. But it is difficult to recognize and securely excavate unfired raw clay loom weights. The two main problems are:1. Unfired loom weights disintegrate when they get wet.2. When excavating a mudbrick site, the clay of the loom weights resembles the matrix they were found in.Clay loom weights were sometimes fired, resulting in durable terracotta weights, but the majority were made of unfired clay. Unlike Staermose Nielsen (Staermose Nielsen, K.-H. In: Pritchard, F. and J.F. Wild (ed.). Northern Archaeological Textiles NESAT VII. Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2005:130), who states: “Groups of unbaked clay weights are the more numerous of all, but as clay loom weights reveal themselves on excavations only as disintegrated lumps, their usefulness in a classification is minimal.” For many excavations Staermose Nielsen is right. But that is because of the way the weights are excavated rather than preserved in the ground. I will demonstrate that clay loom weights, when properly excavated and preserved, can be classified and studied in a meaningful way, enabling us to reconstruct textile production. The practical part.I would like to share a registration form for loom weights to be used in excavations and research projects (see abstract link below). Your comments and ideas on my conceptual form are very welcome!
Easy-Going: The Treatment of Written Records in the Ancient Syropalestine
Authors: Čech Pavel 
Published: December 2020

Who invented the Proto-Sinaitic writing? Sophisticated scribes, or unlettered workers? Orly Goldwasser, the chief advocate of the second possibility, borrowed from economic sciences the term ‘disruptive innovation’ that “describes a process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves ‘up market,’ eventually displacing established competitors.”[1] During the years spent with translations of Levantine texts for a Czech kind of „Context of Scripture“, I had an impression – however daring – that it is possible to generalize this finding for the Syropalestinian literature as a whole. Be it cuneiform or linear, narrative or Listenwissenschaft,[2] it shares the same basic tendency for simplicity and unambiguousness.DefinitionsDisruptive innovation: process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitorsCenter and Periphery: The centre–periphery model is a spatial metaphor which describes and attempts to explain the structural relationship between the advanced or metropolitan ‘centre’ and a less developed ‘periphery’[1] www.claytonchristensen.com/disruptive_innovation.html[2] KTU 1.103 is a very special example from many points of view (and on the background of Y. Cohen, Akkadian Omens from Hattuša and Emar. The šumma immeru and šumma ālu Omens, in: Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, 97, 2007, str. 233‑251).