bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth performance, immune response and anti‐oxidant status of broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days
Authors: Mund Muhammad D. , Riaz Muhammad , Mirza Muhammad A. , Rahman Zia‐ur , Mahmood Tahir , Ahmad Fawad , Ammar Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to investigate the optimum dietary level of tryptophan (Trp) supplementation at which broiler chickens have better growth with efficient immune system and anti‐oxidant status.MethodOne hundred and twenty (n = 120) 1‐day‐old broiler chicks were fed a common commercial diet from days 1 to 7. On day 7, the chicks were randomly divided in three treatment groups, that is, Trp 0.2 [national research council (NRC) recommended level of tryptophan], Trp 0.3 (tryptophan supplemented at 0.3%) and Trp 0.5 (tryptophan supplemented at 0.5%). All the experimental diets were iso‐caloric (ME; 3,000 kcal/kg) and iso‐proteic (CP; 18.5%). Weekly data on feed intake and body weight gain (BWG) were recorded to calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR). On day 19, avian tuberculin was injected to note the cellular immunity. On day 21, two birds per replicate were killed to determine carcass and visceral organ weights. Blood serum samples were collected for analysis of humoral immune response against sheep red blood cells, total oxidant and anti‐oxidants by spectrophotometric method.ResultsFeed intake, carcass and visceral organ weights remained unaffected by dietary treatments while BWG and FCR tended to improve (p < .05) in broiler chicks fed the Trp 0.3 and the Trp 0.5 diets. Total oxidant status was also improved (p < .05) in broiler chicks fed the Trp 0.5 diet. Likewise, broiler chicks fed the Trp 0.3 and the Trp 0.5 diets tended to have better (p < .05) total anti‐oxidant status, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and arylesterase (ARE). The overall antibodies response and IgG improved (p < .05) by the Trp 0.3 and Trp 0.5 diets compared to control. However, IgM level remained similar across the treatment. The cellular immunity against avian tuberculin improved at 24 hr post‐injection but its effect disappeared at 48 hr.ConclusionThe results of present study revealed that Trp above the NRC recommended level may give better growth, immune response and anti‐oxidant status in broiler chickens.
Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Intention, die dieser Arbeit zugrunde liegt, war, das verzahnte Verhältnis von Ökonomie, Politik, Wertebewusstsein und individuellem Erleben in Bezug auf ein einschneidendes gesellschaftliches Ereignis, wie es eine Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise darstellt, auf der Basis von Tiefeninterviews in den bewussten und unbewussten Dimensionen zu analysieren und dadurch eine mögliche gegenseitige Befruchtung zwischen unterschiedlichen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen anzuregen.
Fakten zur Finanzkrise 2008 und der ihr folgenden Wirtschaftskrise, bezogen auf Wirtschafts- und soziale Daten
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel sollen zunächst überblicksartig jene Faktoren beschrieben werden, die zur Finanzkrise 2008 und im Anschluss daran zu einem massiven Einbruch der Weltwirtschaft führten, sodass einzelne Menschen und ganze Kollektive davon betroffen waren. Im Anschluss wird auf die Situation in Österreich genauer eingegangen.
Metapsychologische Konzepte des Unbewussten
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Unbewusste ist ein Kernbegriff der Psychoanalyse, dessen Genese man gut anhand der Modellvorstellungen des menschlichen Seelenlebens im Werk Freuds nachvollziehen kann. In einem ersten Kapitel werden die Konzeptionen des Unbewussten, wie Freud sie beschrieben hat, dargestellt. Im folgenden Abschnitt werden Arbeiten zum gesellschaftlich(en)/sozialen Unbewussten beleuchtet, soweit sie für die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit von Bedeutung sind.
Die analytisch-sozialpsychologische Matrix der Finanzkrise 2008 und ihrer wirtschaftlichen Folgen
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungIm folgenden Kapitel soll der Versuch unternommen werden, mithilfe der Psychoanalyse jene Rahmenbedingungen in ökonomischer und kultureller Hinsicht zu untersuchen, die das Feld abgesteckt haben, auf dem sich die Finanzkrise vollziehen konnte. Mit Bezug auf die Ausführungen im vorherigen Kapitel werde ich mich der dort vorgestellten Konzepte bedienen, die die Wechselwirkung von sozioökonomischen Verhältnissen und individuellen Verhaltensweisen psychodynamisch beleuchten.
Ergebnisdiskussion
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund der sozioökonomischen Matrix der Finanzkrise (Kapitel 6) und der vorangehenden theoretischen Vorarbeiten sollen nun die Interviewergebnisse diskutiert und reflektiert werden. Individuelles Erleben, Denken und Handeln meiner Interviewpartner werden in ihrer sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Dimension dahingehend analysiert, welche metapsychologischen Aussagen im Hinblick auf die Forschungsfrage getroffen werden können, die die Untersuchung der Repräsentationen des Unbewussten in der Verarbeitung der Finanzkrise 2008 und der ihr folgenden Wirtschaftskrise zum Ziel hatte.
Constraints on the quartic Higgs self-coupling from double-Higgs production at future hadron colliders
Authors: Bizoń Wojciech , Haisch Ulrich , Rottoli Luca 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study the indirect constraints on the quartic Higgs self-coupling that arise from double-Higgs production at future hadron colliders. To this purpose, we calculate the two-loop contributions to the gg → hh amplitudes that involve a modified h4 vertex. Based on our results, we estimate the reach of a pp collider operating at 27 TeV and 100 TeV centre-of-mass energy in constraining the cubic and quartic Higgs self-couplings by measurements of double-Higgs and triple-Higgs production in gluon-fusion.
Loop corrected soft photon theorem as a Ward identity
Authors: Campiglia Miguel , Laddha Alok 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Recently Sahoo and Sen obtained a series of remarkable results concerning sub­ leading soft photon and graviton theorems in four dimensions. Even though the S-matrix is infrared divergent, they have shown that the subleading soft theorems are well defined and exact statements in QED and perturbative Quantum Gravity. However unlike the well studied Cachazo-Strominger soft theorems in tree-level amplitudes, the new subleading soft expansion is at the order ln w (where w is the soft frequency) and the corresponding soft factors structurally show completely different properties then their tree-level counterparts. Whence it is natural to ask if these theorems are associated to asymptotic symmetries of the S-matrix.
We consider this question in the context of sub-leading soft photon theorem in scalar QED and show that there are indeed an infinity of conservation laws whose Ward identities are equivalent to the loop-corrected soft photon theorem. This shows that in the case of four dimensional QED, the leading and sub-leading soft photon theorems are equivalent to Ward identities of (asymptotic) charges.
The content of polyphenols in coffee beans as roasting, origin and storage effect
Authors: Król Katarzyna , Gantner Magdalena , Tatarak Aleksandra , Hallmann Ewelina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCoffee, one of the most popular beverages in the world, contains many bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was a comparative evaluation of the content of bioactive compounds in organic and conventional coffee (Coffea arabica)originating from Brazil during 12 months storage. The content of the polyphenolic compounds was determined using HPLC analysis. The obtained results indicate that organic or conventional production and roasting conditions (light, medium, dark roast) affect the polyphenolic compounds of coffee. The highest content of total polyphenolic compounds was determined in coffees roasted in light and medium roasting conditions. Furthermore, organic coffee beans showed higher content of bioactive compounds (total phenolic, phenolic acids and flavonoids) than conventional coffee beans. During 12 months storage a decrease in polyphenolic compounds is observed and it is connected with the degradation of chlorogenic acid, which influences total bioactivity. Moreover, the highest caffeine content was observed in light and medium roasted coffee and after storage an increase in caffeine content was observed only in organic coffee beans.
A nomogram constructed using intraoperative ex vivo shear-wave elastography precisely predicts metastasis of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer
Authors: Bae Soong June , Youk Ji Hyun , Yoon Chang Ik , Park Soeun , Cha Chi Hwan , Lee Hak Woo , Ahn Sung Gwe , Lee Seung Ah , Son Eun Ju , Jeong Joon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a nomogram and validate its use for the intraoperative evaluation of nodal metastasis using shear-wave elastography (SWE) elasticity values and nodal sizeMethodsWe constructed a nomogram to predict metastasis using ex vivo SWE values and ultrasound features of 228 axillary LNs from fifty-five patients. We validated its use in an independent cohort comprising 80 patients. In the validation cohort, a total of 217 sentinel LNs were included.ResultsWe developed the nomogram using the nodal size and elasticity values of the development cohort to predict LN metastasis; the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.856 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.783–0.929). In the validation cohort, 15 (7%) LNs were metastatic, and 202 (93%) were non-metastatic. The mean stiffness (23.54 and 10.41 kPa,p= 0.005) and elasticity ratio (3.24 and 1.49,p= 0.028) were significantly higher in the metastatic LNs than those in the non-metastatic LNs. However, the mean size of the metastatic LNs was not significantly larger than that of the non-metastatic LNs (8.70 mm vs 7.20 mm, respectively;p= 0.123). The AUC was 0.791 (95% CI, 0.668–0.915) in the validation cohort, and the calibration plots of the nomogram showed good agreement.ConclusionsWe developed a well-validated nomogram to predict LN metastasis. This nomogram, mainly based on ex vivo SWE values, can help evaluate nodal metastasis during surgery.Key Points• A nomogram was developed based on axillary LN size and ex vivo SWE values such as mean stiffness and elasticity ratio to easily predict axillary LN metastasis during breast cancer surgery.• The constructed nomogram presented high predictive performance of sentinel LN metastasis with an independent cohort.• This nomogram can reduce unnecessary intraoperative frozen section which increases the surgical time and costs in breast cancer patients.
New evidence defining the pathology and pathogenesis of lower esophageal sphincter damage
Authors: Chandrasoma Parakrama 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundPresent diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. This is due to failure to identify pathologic changes of early GERD; at present, pathology is limited to management of Barrett esophagus (BE).MethodsConvincing evidence have confirmed that cardiac mucosa distal to the squamocolumnar junction in the endoscopically normal person is a metaplastic GERD-induced esophageal epithelium, and not a normal proximal gastric epithelium.ResultsWhen cardiac mucosa is recognized as a metaplastic esophageal epithelium, it becomes self-evident that the present endoscopic definition of the gastro-esophageal junction is incorrect, and there exists a dilated distal esophagus (DDE) in what is incorrectly termed the “gastric cardia” presently mistaken for proximal stomach. It also becomes clear that the length of the DDE correlates with the presence and severity of GERD and represents the pathology of the entire spectrum of GERD. Further, it allows recognition that the DDE, measured as the gap between esophageal squamous epithelium and gastric oxyntic mucosa that is composed of cardiac mucosa, represents the pathologic anatomy of damage to the abdominal segment of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).ConclusionThe new understanding of the significance of cardiac mucosa provides a new and highly accurate histologic method of assessment of LES damage, the primary cause of GERD. This opens a new door to complete histologic assessment of GERD from its etiologic standpoint and to new research that permit early diagnosis of GERD at its outset. Ultimately, such early diagnosis has the potential to reverse the increasing trend of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Politicising Government Engagement with Corporate Social Responsibility: “CSR” as an Empty Signifier
Authors: Zueva Anna , Fairbrass Jenny 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGovernments are widely viewed by academics and practitioners (and society more generally) as the key societal actors who are capable of compelling businesses to practice corporate social responsibility (CSR). Arguably, such government involvement could be seen as a technocratic device for encouraging ethical business behaviour. In this paper, we offer a more politicised interpretation of government engagement with CSR where “CSR” is not a desired form of business conduct but an element of discourse that governments can deploy in structuring their relationships with other social actors. We build our argument through a historical analysis of government CSR discourse in the Russian Federation. Laclau and Mouffe's (Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics,
Verso Books, London, 1985) social theory of hegemony underpins our research. We find that “CSR” in the Russian government’s discourse served to legitimise its power over large businesses. Using this case, we contribute to wider academic debates by providing fresh empirical evidence that allows the development of critical evaluation tools in relation to governments’ engagement with “CSR”. We find that governments are capable of hijacking CSR for their own self-interested gain. We close the paper by reflecting on the merit of exploring the case of the Russian Federation. As a “non-core”, non-western exemplar, it provides a useful “mirror” with which to reflect on the more widely used test-bed of Western industrial democracies when scrutinising CSR. Based on our findings, we invite other scholars to adopt a more critical, politicised stance when researching the role of governments in relation to CSR in other parts of the world.
Historical control data for the interpretation of ecotoxicity data: are we missing a trick?
Authors: Brooks Amy C. , Foudoulakis Manousos , Schuster Hanna S. , Wheeler James R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Wildlife can be exposed to chemicals in the environment from various anthropogenic sources. Ecotoxicity studies, undertaken to address the risks from potential exposure to chemicals, vary in their design e.g. duration of exposure, effect types and endpoints measured. Ecotoxicity studies measure biological responses to test item exposure. Responses can be highly variable, with limited opportunity for control of extrinsic sources of variability. It is critical to distinguish between treatment-related effects and background ‘normal variability’ when interpreting results. Historical control data (HCD) can be a valuable tool in contextualising results from single studies against previous studies performed under similar conditions. This paper discusses the case for better use of HCD in ecotoxicology assessments, illustrating with case studies the value and difficulties of using HCD in interpretation of results of standard and higher-tier study designs. HCD are routinely used in mammalian toxicology for human health assessments, but not directly in ecotoxicology. The possible reasons for this are discussed e.g., different data types, the potential to mask effects, and the lack of guidance. These concerns are real but not insurmountable and we would like to see organisations such as OECD, EFSA and USEPA develop guidance on the principles of HCD collection. Hopefully, this would lead to greater use of HCD and regulatory acceptance. We believe this is not only a scientifically valid approach but also an ethical issue that is in line with societally driven legal mandates to minimise the use of vertebrate testing in chemical regulatory decision making.
Functional and Nonclinical Similarity of ABP 980, a Biosimilar of Trastuzumab
Authors: Jassem Shea , Wang Wei , Sweet Heather , Manoukian Raffi , Chow Vincent , Kanakaraj Palanisamy , Hutterer Katariina M. , Kuhns Scott , Foltz Ian N. , Chen Qing , Ferbas John , McBride Helen J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic assessment of ABP 980 similarity to its reference product is intended to compare the activity of ABP 980 and trastuzumab and support the overall conclusion of similarity based on a comprehensive analytical and functional evaluation.

Methods
This work complements the primary assessment of functional similarity with additional in vitro assays, binding studies, and non-clinical studies including human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) kinetic binding, HER2 signaling, HER2 internalization, synergy with docetaxel chemotherapy, FcγR kinetic binding, primary natural killer and monocyte cell binding, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis activity, in vivo xenograft studies, and toxicokinetic parameters.

Results
The results contribute to the totality of evidence with respect to functional similarity and support that ABP 980 is similar to trastuzumab in all primary and secondary mechanisms of action.

Conclusions
These results also support the scientific justification of extrapolation to all approved indications of trastuzumab given the established functional similarity of the two products and the same mechanisms of action across all conditions of use.
Health-related quality of life of children and their parents 6 months after children’s critical illness
Authors: Hordijk José , Verbruggen Sascha , Vanhorebeek Ilse , Van den Berghe Greet , Utens Elisabeth , Joosten Koen , Dulfer Karolijn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children and their parents, 6 months after the child’s admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Associations between parents’ reports regarding HRQoL of their child and of themselves were investigated, as well as associations between children’s baseline variables and their parent-reported HRQoL outcomes.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data collected in a group of children who participated in the PEPaNIC trial. Six months after discharge from the PICU, parents of critically ill children completed the Infant–Toddler Quality of Life Questionnaire (ITQOL, for age 0–3 years) or the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50 (CHQ-PF50, for age 4–18 years), which are parallel questionnaires. Parents completed the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) regarding their own HRQoL. Results were compared with normative data.

Results
At 6 months’ follow-up, 86 children of the 1343 (6%) had died which resulted in 1257 eligible children. Parents of 576 surviving children (46%) completed the questionnaires. Children of responding parents had less often an acute reason for admission and differed in diagnosis compared with children of non-responders. PICU children scored lower on most ITQOL (n = 390) scales and CHQ-PF50 (n = 186) scales compared with normative data. Parents reported (n = 570) higher scores on the physical (p < 0.001) and lower scores on the mental SF-12 scale (p < 0.001) compared with normative data. Parents̕ mental HRQoL correlated with HRQoL they reported for their child (Pearson Correlations range 0.25–0.57, p < 0.001–0.002). Shorter length of stay, lower risk of mortality, younger age, and cardiac diagnosis were associated with higher parent-reported HRQoL outcomes for the child.

Conclusions
Six months after PICU discharge, critically ill children have lower HRQoL compared with normative data. The mental component of HRQoL is impaired in parents and is associated with lower overall parent-reported HRQoL of their child.
Reflective Judgement and Prudential Rationality: A Contribution to an Inclusive Practical Application of Law
Authors: de Paula Oliveira Maria Lúcia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHannah Arendt has developed a theory of the importance of judgment of taste for political manners, founded on the Kantian aesthetic theory. Nowadays this theory is considered a current theoretical reference for establishing a political way to reconcile the demands of the radicalization of deliberative democracy with the need for political inclusion (Iris Marion Young, Seyla Benhabib). Albena Azmanova in herThe Scandal of Reason: A Critical Theory of Political Judgmentproposes an inclusive political rhetoric. The political theory founded on judgment is based on Kant’s philosophy; it was developed by Arendt and has greatly influenced the current debate, as an alternative theory in which the moral basis of law can be more sensitive to human contexts; a universalist theory more adequate for dealing with the tragic dimension of human life. The theory of political judgment uses the concepts of reflective judgment and ‘enlarged thought’ as its main concepts. As a starting point, a theory like this considers the singular judgments of justice that each person makes. The background, therefore, is not a rational foundation of principles, but the capacity of rational beings to make judgments. This post-metaphysical theory of law, based on a theory of judgment, is a critique of legal positivism, but presents itself as an alternative to the idealistic theory of law. But this theoretical project has received some criticism related to the adequacy of Arendt’s rereading of Kantian philosophy and her attempt to approximate Kant’s reflective judgment to the Aristotelian concept of phronêsis. Some critics, such as Bryan Garsten, believe that Kant’s rhetoric of public reason diminished and displaced the prudential faculty of judgment that Arendt is to be interested in reviving. Arendt’s attempt to find a theory of judgment in Kant’s aesthetic theory is not successful, in Garsten’s view. Our purpose is to show that a critical theory of judicial judgment is not only possible, but necessary; Arendt’s theory of judgment offers an important contribution to a critical theory of judicial judgment, particularly one devoted to the construction of a legal theory that prioritizes a politics of social inclusion. This theory proposes a critical approach to the project of the procedural conception of democracy, since it can mask social exclusion. An adequate understanding of judicial argumentation cannot forget that it happens in a rhetorical context: it is not only important what a discourse says, but how it says it. The radicalization of deliberative democracy supposes a revision of the ways judicial deliberation is thought: not by reference to universal or at least general principles, but taking into consideration what is ‘critically relevant’, with a view to remedying social injustice (following Azmanova).