bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common Carp Are Initially Repelled by a Broadband Outboard Motor Sound in a Lock Chamber but Habituate Rapidly
Authors: Dennis Clark E. , Sorensen Peter W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Projecting sound into navigational locks has been suggested as a promising way to block the upstream movement of invasive species of carp (family Cyprinidae). This possibility is promising because carp have a good sense of hearing compared to non-ostariophysian fishes. Although the broadband sound of an outboard motor has been shown to repel several species of carp in laboratory arenas, its efficacy in a navigational lock is unknown. This study tested whether wild-caught Common Carp Cyprinus carpio are repelled by this sound in a lock chamber in a similar manner to that observed in laboratory studies. We found that while the sound of a 40-hp outboard motor repelled Common Carp in a lock the first time it was tested, the fish stopped responding after that, suggesting that they had habituated. This result differed from that of a laboratory study that used the same sound at the same volume and found responses to persist for three exposures before dissipating. Many factors, including the use of wild Common Carp already familiar with outboard motor sounds and differences in background noise, may have been responsible for differences between laboratory and field results. There is a need for more field tests using other sounds and carp species.
Energy Expenditure and Macronutrient Oxidation in Response to an Individualized Nonshivering Cooling Protocol
Authors: Sanchez‐Delgado Guillermo , Alcantara Juan M. A. , Acosta Francisco M. , Martinez‐Tellez Borja , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. , Merchan‐Ramirez Elisa , Löf Marie , Labayen Idoia , Ravussin Eric , Ruiz Jonatan R. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the energy expenditure (EE) and macronutrient oxidation response to an individualized nonshivering cold exposure in young healthy adults.MethodsTwo different groups of 44 (study 1: 22.1  [SD 2.1] years old, 25.6  [SD 5.2] kg/m2, 34% men) and 13 young healthy adults (study 2: 25.6  [SD 3.0] years old, 23.6  [SD 2.4] kg/m2, 54% men) participated in this study. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and macronutrient oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry under fasting conditions in a warm environment (for 30 minutes) and in mild cold conditions (for 65 minutes, with the individual wearing a water‐perfused cooling vest set at an individualized temperature adjusted to the individual’s shivering threshold).ResultsIn study 1, EE increased in the initial stage of cold exposure and remained stable for the whole cold exposure (P < 0.001). Mean cold‐induced thermogenesis (9.56 ± 7.9 kcal/h) was 13.9% ± 11.6% of the RMR (range: −14.8% to 39.9% of the RMR). Carbohydrate oxidation decreased during the first 30 minutes of the cold exposure and later recovered up to the baseline values (P < 0.01) in parallel to opposite changes in fat oxidation (P < 0.01). Results were replicated in study 2.ConclusionsA 1‐hour mild cold exposure individually adjusted to elicit maximum nonshivering thermogenesis induces a very modest increase in EE and a shift of macronutrient oxidation that may underlie a shift in thermogenic tissue activity.
Optimal control of nonzero sum game mean‐field delayed Markov regime‐switching forward‐backward system with Lévy processes
Authors: Deepa R. , Muthukumar P. , Hafayed Mokhtar 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the optimal control problem of nonzero sum game mean‐field delayed Markov regime‐switching forward‐backward stochastic system with Lévy processes associated with Teugels martingales over the infinite time horizon. Based on the transversality conditions, assumption of convex control domain, infinite‐horizon version of stochastic maximum principle (Nash equilibrium), and necessary condition for optimality are established. Finally, the Nash equilibrium for the optimization problem in the financial market is considered to illustrate the observed theoretical results.
Assessing the impact of unmeasured confounders for credible and reliable real‐world evidence
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Stamey James D. , Mathur Maya B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeWe review statistical methods for assessing the possible impact of bias due to unmeasured confounding in real world data analysis and provide detailed recommendations for choosing among the methods.MethodsBy updating an earlier systematic review, we summarize modern statistical best practices for evaluating and correcting for potential bias due to unmeasured confounding in estimating causal treatment effect from non‐interventional studies.ResultsWe suggest a hierarchical structure for assessing unmeasured confounding. First, for initial sensitivity analyses, we strongly recommend applying a recently developed method, the E‐value, that is straightforward to apply and does not require prior knowledge or assumptions about the unmeasured confounder(s). When some such knowledge is available, the E‐value could be supplemented by the rule‐out or array method at this step. If these initial analyses suggest results may not be robust to unmeasured confounding, subsequent analyses could be conducted using more specialized statistical methods, which we categorize based on whether they require access to external data on the suspected unmeasured confounder(s), internal data, or no data. Other factors for choosing the subsequent sensitivity analysis methods are also introduced and discussed, including the types of unmeasured confounders and whether the subsequent sensitivity analysis is intended to provide a corrected causal treatment effect.ConclusionVarious analytical methods have been proposed to address unmeasured confounding, but little research has discussed a structured approach to select appropriate methods in practice. In providing practical suggestions for choosing appropriate initial and, potentially, more specialized subsequent sensitivity analyses, we hope to facilitate the widespread reporting of such sensitivity analyses in non‐interventional studies. The suggested approach also has the potential to inform pre‐specification of sensitivity analyses before executing the analysis, and therefore increase the transparency and limit selective study reporting.
Thermosetting polymers from renewable sources
Authors: Quirino Rafael L , Monroe Khristal , Fleischer Carl H , Biswas Eletria , Kessler Michael R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental concerns and the need for sustainable industrial practices have sparked the search for alternative materials that offer a lower impact on the environment. Over the course of the past few decades, numerous bio‐based polymers have been developed from natural resources. Among the materials, bio‐based thermosets are of particular interest due to their increased thermal stability in comparison to thermoplastics. This review covers recent advancements made in the field of bio‐based thermosets, with a special focus devoted to resins prepared from vegetable oils, natural phenolic compounds and a selection of other thermosetting systems developed recently based on either the polymerization of multifunctional monomers or the crosslinking of linear systems. This review article concludes with a critical perspective on the environmental implications of bio‐based thermosets. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
A European proficiency test on thin‐film tandem photovoltaic devices
Authors: Salis Elena , Gerber Andreas , Andreasen Jens Wenzel , Gevorgyan Suren A. , Betts Tom , Mihaylov Blagovest , Gottschalg Ralph , Kodolbaş Alp Osman , Yilmaz Okan , Leidl Roman , Rennhofer Marcus , Zamini Shokufeh , Acciarri Maurizio , Binetti Simona , Lotter Erwin , Bakker Klaas , Kroon Jan , Soppe Wim , Razongles Guillaume , Mercaldo Lucia V. , Roca Francesco , Romano Antonio , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Warta Wilhelm , Balenzategui José L. , Trigo Juan F. , Neubert Sebastian , Pavanello Diego , Müllejans Harald , Lauermann Iver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA round‐robin proficiency test (RR PT) on thin‐film multi‐junction (MJ) photovoltaic (PV) cells was run between 13 laboratories within the European project CHEETAH. Five encapsulated PV cells were circulated to participants for being tested at Standard Test Conditions (STC). Three cells were a‐Si/μc‐Si tandem PV devices, each of which had a different short‐circuit current ratio between the top junction and the bottom one; the remaining two cells were single‐junction PV devices made with material representative of the individual junctions in the MJ cells. The RR PT's main purpose was to assess the capability of the participating laboratories, in terms of employed facilities and procedures, to test MJ PV devices. Therefore, participants were requested to perform STC measurements of all cells according to their own procedure, which might not include external quantum efficiency measurements. The European Solar Test Installation (ESTI) of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) provided the reference calibrations against which the participants' results are compared. ESTI made also a verification of the cells performance at STC at the end of the RR PT, in order to allow a comparison between the initial stable state at which the cells were calibrated (just before circulation) and the one they had reached at the end of the RR PT. The overall results of the RR PT are here presented and discussed together with some aspects of MJ PV testing that emerged as not adequately applied or largely missing. Their full implementation is expected to improve the consistency of future results.
Metabolomics analysis reveals both plant variety and choice of hormone treatment modulate vinca alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Fraser Valerie N. , Philmus Benjamin , Megraw Molly 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus produces numerous secondary metabolites of interest for the treatment of many diseases – most notably for the terpene indole alkaloid (TIA) vinblastine, which is used in the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Historically, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been used to induce TIA production, but in the past, this has only been investigated in whole seedlings, cell culture, or hairy root culture. This study examines the effects of the phytohormones MeJA and ethylene on the induction of TIA biosynthesis and accumulation in the shoots and roots of 8‐day‐old seedlings of two varieties of C. roseus. Using LCMS and RT‐qPCR, we demonstrate the importance of variety selection, as we observe markedly different induction patterns of important TIA precursor compounds. Additionally, both phytohormone choice and concentration have significant effects on TIA biosynthesis. Finally, our study suggests that several early‐induction pathway steps as well as pathway‐specific genes are likely to be transcriptionally regulated. Our findings highlight the need for a complete set of'omics resources in commonly used C. roseus varieties and the need for caution when extrapolating results from one cultivar to another.
Influence of apparently negative personality characteristics on the long‐term outcome of health anxiety: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tyrer Peter , Wang Duolao , Tyrer Helen , Crawford Mike , Loebenberg Gemma , Cooper Sylvia , Barrett Barbara , Sanatinia Rahil 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that personality has an influence on the outcome of mental state disorders, but detailed studies on its long‐term impact are few. We examined the influence of personality status on the 8‐year outcome of health anxiety and its relationship to the effects of cognitive behaviour therapy in a randomized controlled trial.AimsThis study aims to examine both the usefulness of the diagnosis of personality disorder and an additional measure of pathological dependence, in predicting the outcome of medical patients with health anxiety treated with cognitive behaviour therapy. Because the influence of personality is often shown in the long term, these assessments covered the period of 8 years after randomization. An additional aim is to examine the costs of different levels of personality dysfunction in each treatment group.MethodPersonality dysfunction, using both ICD‐10 and ICD‐11 classifications of severity, was assessed at baseline by interview in a randomized controlled trial. Patients were also assessed for pathological dependence using the Dependent Personality Questionnaire, also scored along a severity dimension. Four hundred forty‐four patients from medical clinics with pathological health anxiety were treated with a modified form of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety (CBT‐HA) or standard care. Total costs over follow‐up were calculated from hospital data and compared by personality group.ResultsAt baseline, 381 (86%) had some personality dysfunction, mainly at the lower level of personality difficulty (not formally a disorder). One hundred eighty four (41%) had a personality disorder. A similar proportion was found with regard to dependent personality. Using the ICD‐10 classification, 153 patients (34.6%) had a personality disorder, with 83 (54.2%) having anxious or dependent personality disorder, 20 (13.1%) having an anankastic disorder, but also with 66 (43.1%) having mixed disorder. During initial treatment, those with personality disorder adhered more closely to CBT‐HA, and after 8 years, they had a significantly better outcome than those with personality difficulty and no personality disorder (p < 0.002). Similar results were found in those scoring high on the Dependent Personality Questionnaire. All these differences increased over the follow‐up period. Costs were similar in all groups but were somewhat higher in the CBT‐HA one; this finding is hypothesised to be due to fuller hospital treatment once health anxiety is discounted.ConclusionPersonality disorder in people with health anxiety, particularly in those who have anxious and dependent traits, reinforces the benefits of cognitive behaviour therapy, particularly in the longer term. © 2020 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Direct Synthesis of ZIF‐8 on Transmission Electron Microscopy Grids Allows Structure Analysis and 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Hugenschmidt Milena , Kutonova Ksenia , Valadez Sánchez Elvia P. , Moulai Sarah , Gliemann Hartmut , Bräse Stefan , Wöll Christof , Gerthsen Dagmar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe first example of layer‐by‐layer growth of a metal–organic framework (MOF) directly on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids is described. ZIF‐8 is deposited on thin amorphous carbon films and subjected to a structure analysis by (scanning) TEM ((S)TEM). This method serves as a two‐in‐one synthesis and TEM sample‐preparation technique and allows straightforward analysis of ZIF‐8 crystallites. Artifacts resulting from sample preparation are completely avoided by this approach. The morphological properties, crystal structure, and the chemical composition of the material are investigated with high spatial resolution by a variety of methods of (analytical) electron microscopy. Furthermore, the incorporation of metallic nanoparticles in ZIF‐8 by integrating a corresponding step into the layer‐by‐layer deposition process is examined. The formation of ZIF‐8 crystals on the film proceeds as under the absence of nanoparticle‐forming synthesis steps. However, the nanoparticles rather cover the supporting amorphous carbon film than being incorporated in the ZIF‐8 material. This information cannot be obtained from standard characterization techniques but requires the application of analytical (S)TEM techniques.
Obstructive sleep apnea in children with hypothalamic obesity: Evaluation of possible related factors
Authors: Iyigun Irem , Alikasifoglu Ayfer , Gonc Nazlı , Ozon Alev , Eryilmaz Polat Sanem , Hizal Mina , Kiper Nural , Ozcelik Ugur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionHypothalamic obesity (HO) is a type of obesity that is caused by hypothalamic damage. HO can be complicated by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) due to anatomical narrowing of the upper airway and hypothalamic damage‐induced dysfunction of the sleep control mechanisms. We aimed to explore the presence and severity of OSAS in children with HO and hypothesized that OSAS is more severe and frequent in HO than exogenous obesity (EO).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among children aged 6.6–17.9 years. Subjects with HO (n = 14) and controls with EO (n = 19) were consecutively recruited through an endocrinology clinic. All patients underwent full‐night polysomnography. The primary outcomes were obstructive apnea–hypopnea index (OAHI) and the severity of OSAS. We analyzed the polysomnography findings, biochemical parameters, Brodsky and modified Mallampati scores, and blood pressure compared with the controls. We explored the different obesity types and these variables in association with OAHI using multiple linear regression (MLR).ResultsAge and body mass index z scores (BMI‐z) were similar between the EO and HO groups. The OAHI of HO (5.8) was higher than that of EO (2.2). In MLR, the predicted OAHI was formulated as an equation using regression coefficients of obesity type (HO), age, and BMI‐z (R2 = .41). In the logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of moderate/severe OSA was 5.6 for HO.ConclusionsChildren with HO have a higher risk of moderate/severe OSAS than children with EO. Polysomnography should be considered in all patients with HO.
Permethrin resistance associated with inherited genes in a near‐isogenic line of Musca domestica
Authors: Khan Hafiz Azhar Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPermethrin has been used frequently in the control of Musca domestica worldwide including Pakistan, with reports of resistance development in different field strains. A near‐isogenic line of M. domestica with permethrin resistance (Perm‐R) was constructed to elucidate mode of inheritance and cross‐resistance analyses.RESULTSToxicity responses of reciprocal progenies F1 and F1′ showed no significant difference in median lethal dose (LD50) values, suggesting that permethrin resistance was inherited in an autosomal fashion with neither sex linkage nor maternal effects in the Perm‐R strain of M. domestica. Degree of dominance was 0.6 and 0.7 for F1 and F1′ progenies, respectively, which suggests that permethrin resistance was expressed as an incompletely dominant trait. Chi‐square analyses for self‐bred (F2), and backcross progenies (BC1, BC2, BC3 and BC4) revealed significant differences between the observed and expected mortality, indicating the possibility of multiple genes responsible for permethrin resistance. Moreover, the Perm‐R strain did not show cross‐resistance to propoxur, chlorpyrifos, profenofos or spinetoram.CONCLUSIONPermethrin resistance in the Perm‐R strain of M. domestica was inherited as autosomal, incompletely dominant and governed by more than one gene. Lack of cross‐resistance between permethrin and propoxur, chlorpyrifos, profenofos or spinetoram provides an opportunity for rotational use of these insecticides in the control of M. domestica. These data could help to manage M. domestica and the problem of permethrin resistance.
Lagrangian trajectories at the outflow of tropical cyclones
Authors: Cohen Yair , Paldor Nathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent observations from the upper levels of tropical cyclones show the development of a Low engulfed by a larger High. The impact of such a geopotential map on the dynamics of the outflow is studied by analysing the Lagrangian trajectories of air parcels. The geopotential is modelled by the hydrostatic sum of two, oppositely signed, Gaussians: a warm core and a near‐surface low that together reproduce the relevant features of the observed tropical cyclones. Assuming a time‐independent and axisymmetric geopotential map, the dynamics is described by an integrable, two degrees‐of‐freedom, angular momentum conserving, Hamiltonian system with a single non‐dimensional parameter. The steady states of this system bifurcate when the geopotential amplitude increases above a threshold where the single elliptic fixed‐point becomes hyperbolic surrounded by a pair of elliptic fixed‐points. A gradient balance prevails near the elliptic points while an inertial balance occurs at the radius of maximum geopotential, where the hyperbolic (unstable) point is located. The divergence of trajectories around this hyperbolic point implies the existence of strong horizontal wind divergence. A gradient non‐balance region emerges in the steady state (radius, geopotential amplitude) map and this region expands with the increase of geopotential amplitude which implies that higher angular momentum values are required for trajectories to transition from high to low. A transformation of the (radius, radial velocity) variables to action‐angle variables yields an approximate expression for the tangential drift (long‐time average of the tangential speed) that estimates the tangential winds. The analysis is extended numerically to the case of warm core offset, where the two Gaussians have different centres.
Assessment and development of DFT with the expanded CUAGAU‐2 set of group‐11 cluster systems
Authors: Chan Bun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we have compiled the expanded CUAGAU‐2 set of group‐11 (Cu, Ag, Au) cluster systems. It contains species that we find to be more challenging for density functional theory (DFT) methods, which are not represented in the previous set. In the prosses, we have also devised the W1X‐G0 method for cost‐effective calculation of accurate reaction energies for such species; it is comparable to the W1X‐2 composite protocol but with a more sophisticated treatment for core correlation, which is necessary for the group‐11 cluster systems. Our assessment of DFT methods shows the MN15 method to be one of the most accurate for CUAGAU‐2. Nonetheless, the CUAGAU‐2 systems are more challenging for even some of the most advanced DFT methods when compared with main‐group and molecular transition‐metal systems. To facilitate rapid development of functionals with better accuracy and robustness, we have statistically downsized the 123‐point CUAGAU‐2 set to smaller sets with 11 (CUAGAU‐2s) and 41 (CUAGAU‐2m) points. In a brief case study, we have used CUAGAU‐2m and other small test sets to revise the SCAN0 method. The results suggest that reducing %HF in SCAN0 from 25% to 10% (yielding the SCANh method) would lead to an overall better performance, as well as a more uniform accuracy over different properties. This exercise demonstrates the utility of the CUAGAU‐2(s/m) and our previously compiled test sets for the exploration of density functionals.
Event‐triggered leader‐follower tracking control for interconnected systems
Authors: Cheng Yi , Ugrinovskii Valery 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article considers the event‐triggered leader‐follower tracking control for interconnected systems with directed communication topology. Different from the existing work, here we consider systems which are physically coupled. We propose a model‐based event‐triggered tracking control strategy and an event triggering rule with a time‐dependent threshold which guarantees that the tracking errors in the systems asymptotically converge to zero. With the proposed event triggering rule, we prove that the system does not exhibit Zeno behavior. As a special case, the proposed event‐triggered tracking control strategy is also applied to decoupled multiagent systems. The efficacy of the proposed method is discussed using two simulation examples.