bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency measurement of the environmental systems: a two-stage structure considering undesirable outputs
Authors: Zoriehhabib Monireh , Rostamy-Malkhalifeh Mohsen , Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Farhad 
Published: December 2020

PurposeEach production unit is responsible for the protection of the environment. The restricted undesirable production effects lower environmental damage. This paper emphasizes a proportional reduction of the undesirable outputs, and it supports the growth of desirable outputs as much as possible as well. The two-stage proposed model not only considers the viewpoint of the managers to follow the environmental regulations but also it assigns some bounds on producing undesirable factors according to international environmental protocols. Additionally, the restricted bounds on the undesirable outputs, in both stages, enhance the discriminatory ability of the model.Design/methodology/approachTwo-stage network structure based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied as the main methodology for this paper. The advantages of the proposed model are appointed to assess the environmental units.FindingsComparing with the existing models, the proposed approach presents a new two-stage model to deal with the environmental issues. Furthermore, the discriminatory ability of the efficiency scores is improved. The distribution of this model is greater than the existing ones.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is fully written, submitted and revised during limitations caused by coronavirus .Practical implicationsThe proposed method is employed in two different cases. The efficiency scores of 25 power plants and 13 poultry farms are determined. In fact, the undesirable outputs never meet zero in the process of production but they can be reduced. The results of this research support the effect of the undesirable factors' restriction on the reduction scenario. Both of the examples show that imposing the upper bounds for the undesirable products provide low-efficiency results in comparison with the existing model. On the other hand, the results cover the arguments of sustainability in the evaluation of environmental efficiency.Originality/valueIn the production process, desirable outputs and undesirable factors are produced jointly so undesirable factors never meet zero. This paper develops a new two-stage method to reduce the undesirable outputs at each stage. First, the model confirms the reduction of undesirable outputs. Second, this model imposes restrictions on intermediate and final undesirable outputs according to environmental rights and the concerns of the managers. The model increases the discrimination of the efficiency assessment of real-life two-stage environmental systems as well. Then it focuses on the production of desirable outputs. The new objective function is defined according to the aim of the proposed model that not only declares better efficiency decomposition to the individual system but also the efficiency score is evaluated for each stage.
Microbe‐mineral biogeography from multi‐year incubations in oceanic crust at North Pond, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Orcutt Beth N. , D'Angelo Timothy , Wheat C. Geoff , Trembath‐Reichert Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

SummarySubseafloor oceanic crust is a vast yet poorly sampled habitat for life. Recent studies suggest that microbial composition in crustal habitats is variable in space and time, but biogeographic patterns are difficult to determine due to a paucity of data. To address this, we deployed hundreds of mineral colonization experiments at and below the seafloor for 4–6 years at North Pond, a borehole observatory network in cool (<10°C) and oxic oceanic crust on the western flank of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. The overall community composition of mineral incubations reveals that colonization patterns are site dependent, with no correlation to mineral type. Only a few members of the Thioalkalispiraceae and Thioprofundaceae exhibited a mineral preference pattern, with generally higher abundance on metal sulphides compared to silicates, while taxa of the Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria were common in the colonization experiments. In comparison to datasets from other crustal habitats, broader biogeographic patterns of crustal communities emerge based on crustal habitat type (surface‐attached communities versus fluid communities), redox environment and possibly crustal age. These comparisons suggest successional biogeography patterning that might be used as an indicator of how recently permeable pathways were established within oceanic crust.
A review of the pathophysiology of functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea in women subject to psychological stress, disordered eating, excessive exercise or a combination of these factors
Authors: Morrison Amy E. , Fleming Suzannah , Levy Miles J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionFunctional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a common form of secondary amenorrhoea without an identifiable structural cause. Suppression of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility results in reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, with subsequent reduction in oestradiol, anovulation and cessation of menstruation. GnRH pulsatility suppression is a recognized complication of psychological stress, disordered eating, low body weight, excessive exercise or a combination of these factors.Pathophysiology of FHAIndividuals with FHA demonstrate low energy availability (EA), body fat percentage and energy expenditure. Documented adipocytokine changes notably, raised adiponectin, ghrelin, PYY, and decreased leptin, are associated with GnRH suppression. Other endocrine responses seen in this low EA state include low insulin levels, low total T3, increased basal cortisol levels and a reduced response to corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) administration. FHA is associated with raised growth hormone (GH) and low insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1), suggesting relative GH resistance. Kisspeptins are a group of polypeptides, recently discovered to play a major role in the regulation of the reproductive axis through influencing GnRH release. KNDy (kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin) act on GnRH neurons and a multitude of factors result in their release.Implications for future treatmentManagement of FHA is imperative to prevent adverse outcomes in bone density, cardiovascular risk profile, psychological well‐being and fertility. Outwith modification of nutritional intake and exercise, limited therapeutic strategies are currently available for women with FHA. Advancements in the understanding of the pathophysiological basis of this under‐recognized and under‐treated clinical entity will aid management and may result in the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Transvenous extraction of permanent pacemaker and defibrillator leads: Reduced procedural complexity and higher procedural success rates in patients with infective versus noninfective indications
Authors: Archontakis Stefanos , Pirounaki Maria , Aznaouridis Konstantinos , Karageorgopoulos Drosos , Sideris Konstantinos , Tolios Panagiotis , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Gatzoulis Konstantinos , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Sideris Skevos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionTransvenous lead extraction (TLE) is critical in the long‐term management of patients with cardiac implanted electronic devices (CIEDs). The aim of the study is to evaluate the outcomes of TLE and to investigate the impact of infection.Methods and ResultsData of patients undergoing extraction of permanent pacemaker and defibrillator leads during October 2014–September 2019 were prospectively analyzed. Overall, 242 consecutive patients (aged 71.0 ± 14.0 years, 31.4% female), underwent an equal number of TLE operations for the removal of 516 leads. Infection was the commonest indication (n = 201, 83.1%). Mean implant‐to‐extraction duration was 7.6 ± 5.4 years. Complete procedural success was recorded in 96.1%, and clinical procedural success was achieved in 97.1% of attempted lead extractions. Major complications occurred in two (0.8%) and minor complications in seven (2.9%) patients. Leads were removed exclusively by using locking stylets in 65.7% of the cases. In the subgroup of noninfective patients, advanced extraction tools were more frequently required compared to patients with CIED infections, to extract leads (success only with locking stylet: 55.8% vs. 67.8%, p = .032). In addition, patients without infection demonstrated lower complete procedural success rates (90.7% vs. 97.2%, p = .004), higher major complication rates (2.4% vs. 0.5%, p = .31) and longer procedural times (136 ± 13 vs. 111 ± 15 min, p = .001).ConclusionsOur data demonstrate high procedural efficacy and safety and indicate that in patients with noninfective indications, the procedure is more demanding, thus supporting the hypothesis that leads infection dissolves and/or prohibits the formation of fibrotic adherences.
DIAPH3 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by activating selenoprotein TrxR1‐mediated antioxidant effects
Authors: Rong Yefei , Gao Jie , Kuang Tiantao , Chen Jianlin , Li Jian‐ang , Huang Yufeng , Xin Haiguang , Fang Yuan , Han Xu , Sun Lun‐Quan , Deng Yue‐Zhen , Li Zhi , Lou Wenhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumour of the digestive tract which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Approximately 90% of cases arise from ductal adenocarcinoma of the glandular epithelium. The morbidity and mortality of the disease have increased significantly in recent years. Its 5‐year survival rate is <1% and has one of the worst prognoses amongst malignant tumours. Pancreatic cancer has a low rate of early‐stage diagnosis, high surgical mortality and low cure rate. Selenium compounds produced by selenoamino acid metabolism may promote a large amount of oxidative stress and subsequent unfolded reactions and endoplasmic reticulum stress by consuming the NADPH in cells, and eventually lead to apoptosis, necrosis or necrotic cell death. In this study, we first identified DIAPH3 as a highly expressed protein in the tissues of patients with pancreatic cancer, and confirmed that DIAPH3 promoted the proliferation, anchorage‐independent growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells using overexpression and interference experiments. Secondly, bioinformatics data mining showed that the potential proteins interacted with DIAPH3 were involved in selenoamino acid metabolism regulation. Selenium may be incorporated into selenoprotein synthesis such as TrxR1 and GPX4, which direct reduction of hydroperoxides or resist ferroptosis, respectively. Our following validation confirmed that DIAPH3 promoted selenium content and interacted with the selenoprotein RPL6, a ribosome protein subunit involved in selenoamino acid metabolism. In addition, we verified that DIAPH3 could down‐regulate cellular ROS level via up‐regulating TrxR1 expression. Finally, nude mice xenograft model experimental results demonstrate DIAPH3 knock down could decrease tumour growth and TrxR1 expression and ROS levels in vivo. Collectively, our observations indicate DIAPH3 could promote pancreatic cancer progression by activating selenoprotein TrxR1‐mediated antioxidant effects.
Acute effects of extruded pulse snacks on glycemic response, insulin, appetite, and food intake in healthy young adults in a double blind, randomized crossover trial
Authors: Johnston Alie , Mollard Rebecca C. , Dandeneau Dianna , MacKay Dylan S. , Ames Nancy , Curran Julianne , Bouchard Danielle , Jones Peter 
Published: December 2020

Research indicates that the post-prandial glycemic benefits of consuming whole pulses are retained when consumed in a mixed meal, pureed, and ground into flours. The glycemic benefits of pulse flours when incorporated into extruded products are unknown. In a randomized, repeated-measures crossover study, adults (n = 26) consumed extruded corn snacks made with the addition of 40% pulse flour from either: whole yellow pea, split yellow pea, green lentil, chickpea, or pinto bean. The control snack was 100% corn. Food intake was measured with an ad libitum meal consumed at 120 min. Blood glucose (BG), insulin and appetite were measured regularly before (pre-meal, 0-120 min) and after (post-meal, 140-200 min) the meal. Pinto bean and chickpea snacks led to lower (p<0.05) pre-meal BG incremental area under the curve (iAUC), compared with control, whole yellow pea and green lentil snacks. Pinto bean snack also led to lower (pre-meal BG (p<0.05) and insulin (p<0.05) iAUC compared with control, whole yellow pea, and split yellow pea snacks. There were no differences in food intake or appetite. These findings indicate that effects of replacing corn with pulse flours in extruded snacks on BG, and insulin are dependent on pulse type. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02402504. Registered on 30 March 2015. Novelty bullets: The incorporation of pinto bean and chickpea flour into extruded corn snacks improves postprandial glycemic response. Pulse containing snacks were equally as palatable as the corn snacks. The incorporation of pulses into corn snacks increased the protein and fibre content.
Difference in Medication Adherence Between Patients Prescribed a 30‐Day Versus 90‐Day Supply After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rymer Jennifer A. , Fonseca Eileen , Bhandary Durgesh D. , Kumar Deepa , Khan Naeem D. , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Evidence‐based medication adherence rates after a myocardial infarction are low. We hypothesized that 90‐day prescriptions are underused and may lead to higher evidence‐based medication adherence compared with 30‐day fills.

Methods and Results

We examined patients with myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention between 2011 and 2015 in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Linking to Symphony Health pharmacy data, we described the prevalence of patients filling 30‐day versus 90‐day prescriptions of statins, β‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and P2Y
12
inhibitors after discharge. We compared 12‐month medication adherence rates by evidence‐based medication class and prescription days' supply and rates of medication switches and dosing changes. Among 353 259 patients with myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention, 90‐day evidence‐based medication fill rates were low: 13.0% (statins), 12.3% (β‐blockers), 14.6% (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers), and 9.7% (P2Y
12
inhibitors). Patients filling 90‐day prescriptions were more likely older (median 69 versus 62 years) with a history of prior myocardial infarction (25.0% versus 17.9%) or percutaneous coronary intervention (30.3% versus 19.5%;
P
<0.01 for all) than patients filling 30‐day prescriptions. The 12‐month adherence rates were higher for patients who filled 90‐day versus 30‐day supplies: statins, 83.1% versus 75.3%; β‐blockers, 72.7% versus 62.9%; angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, 71.1% versus 60.9%; and P2Y
12
inhibitors, 78.5% versus 66.6% (
P
<0.01 for all). Medication switches and dosing changes within 12 months were infrequent for patients filling 30‐day prescriptions—14.7% and 0.3% for 30‐day P2Y
12
inhibitor fills versus 6.3% and 0.2% for 90‐day fills, respectively.

Conclusions
Patients who filled 90‐day prescriptions had higher adherence and infrequent medication changes within 1 year after discharge. Ninety‐day prescription strategies should be encouraged to improve post–myocardial infarction medication adherence.
Genomic heterogeneity in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia and its clinical implication
Authors: Jahn Nikolaus , Terzer Tobias , Sträng Eric , Dolnik Anna , Cocciardi Sibylle , Panina Ekaterina , Corbacioglu Andrea , Herzig Julia , Weber Daniela , Schrade Anika , Götze Katharina , Schröder Thomas , Lübbert Michael , Wellnitz Dominique , Koller Elisabeth , Schlenk Richard F. , Gaidzik Verena I. , Paschka Peter , Rücker Frank G. , Heuser Michael , Thol Felicitas , Ganser Arnold , Benner Axel , Döhner Hartmut , Bullinger Lars , Döhner Konstanze 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCore-binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) encompasses AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22) and AML with t(8;21)(q22;q22.1). Despite sharing a common pathogenic mechanism involving rearrangements of the CBF transcriptional complex, there is growing evidence for considerable genotypic heterogeneity. We comprehensively characterized the mutational landscape of 350 adult CBF-AML [inv(16): n = 160, t(8;21): n = 190] performing targeted sequencing of 230 myeloid cancer-associated genes. Apart from common mutations in signaling genes, mainly NRAS, KIT, and FLT3, both CBF-AML entities demonstrated a remarkably diverse pattern with respect to the underlying cooperating molecular events, in particular in genes encoding for epigenetic modifiers and the cohesin complex. In addition, recurrent mutations in novel collaborating candidate genes such as SRCAP (5% overall) and DNM2 (6% of t(8;21) AML) were identified. Moreover, aberrations altering transcription and differentiation occurred at earlier leukemic stages and preceded mutations impairing proliferation. Lasso-penalized models revealed an inferior prognosis for t(8;21) AML, trisomy 8, as well as FLT3 and KIT exon 17 mutations, whereas NRAS and WT1 mutations conferred superior prognosis. Interestingly, clonal heterogeneity was associated with a favorable prognosis. When entering mutations by functional groups in the model, mutations in genes of the methylation group (ie, DNMT3A, TET2) had a strong negative prognostic impact.
Erythrocytosis in the general population: clinical characteristics and association with clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Wouters Hanneke J. C. M. , Mulder René , van Zeventer Isabelle A. , Schuringa Jan Jacob , van der Klauw Melanie M. , van der Harst Pim , Diepstra Arjan , Mulder André B. , Huls Gerwin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractErythrocytosis is a common reason for referral to hematology services and is usually secondary in origin. The aim of this study was to assess clinical characteristics and clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in individuals with erythrocytosis in the population-based Lifelines cohort (n = 147 167). Erythrocytosis was defined using strict (World Health Organization [WHO] 2008/British Committee for Standards in Hematology) and wide (WHO 2016) criteria. Individuals with erythrocytosis (strict criteria) and concurrent leukocytosis and/or thrombocytosis were 1:2 matched with individuals with isolated erythrocytosis and analyzed for somatic mutations indicative of CH (≥5% variant allele frequency). One hundred eighty five males (0.3%) and 223 females (0.3%) met the strict criteria, whereas 4868 males (7.6%) and 309 females (0.4%) met the wide criteria. Erythrocytosis, only when defined using strict criteria, was associated with cardiovascular morbidity (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.6), cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0-4.6), and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.6), independent of conventional risk factors. Mutations were detected in 51 of 133 (38%) evaluable individuals, with comparable frequencies between individuals with and without concurrent cytosis. The JAK2 V617F mutation was observed in 7 of 133 (5.3%) individuals, all having concurrent cytosis. The prevalence of mutations in BCOR/BCORL1 (16%) was high, suggesting aberrant epigenetic regulation. Erythrocytosis with CH was associated with cardiovascular morbidity (OR, 9.1; 95% CI, 1.2-68.4) in a multivariable model. Our data indicate that only when defined using strict criteria erythrocytosis is associated with cardiovascular morbidity (especially in the presence of CH), cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.
Beneficial effect of Indigo Naturalis on acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus
Authors: Tu Peng , Tian Rong , Lu Yan , Zhang Yunyi , Zhu Haiyan , Ling Lijun , Li Hong , Chen Daofeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Infections induced by influenza viruses, as well as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic induced by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to acute lung injury (ALI) and multi organ failure, during which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an important role in treatment of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Indigo Naturalis on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice.

Method
The anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract of Indigo Naturalis (INAE) were evaluated in vitro. BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with IAV (H1N1) were treated intragastrically with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg/day) 2 h later for 4 or 7 days. Animal lifespan and mortality were recorded. Expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were evaluated through immunohistological staining. Inflammatory cytokines were also monitored by ELISA.

Result
INAE inhibited virus replication on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results showed that oral administration of 160 mg/kg of INAE significantly improved the lifespan (P < 0.01) and survival rate of IAV infected mice, improved lung injury and lowered viral replication in lung tissue (P < 0.01). Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as weight and organ index of thymus and spleen at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were reduced by INAE administration (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB-1 and TLR4 in lung tissue were also suppressed. The increased production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) in lung tissue were inhibited by INAE treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with INAE reduced the high levels of interferon α (IFN-α), interferon β (IFN-β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES), interferon induced protein-10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), with increased production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results showed that INAE alleviated IAV induced ALI in mice. The mechanisms of INAE were associated with its anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. Indigo Naturalis might have clinical potential to treat ALI induced by IAV.