bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of recurrent laryngeal palsy rates for potential associations during thyroidectomy
Authors: Moreira Alayne , Forrest Edward , Lee James C. , Paul Eldho , Yeung Meei , Grodski Simon , Serpell Jonathan W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are many clinical associations and potential mechanisms of injury resulting in recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) after thyroidectomy. One possible cause of RLNP is focal intralaryngeal compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), which may be associated with the tracheal tube (TT). Therefore, we examined current RLNP rates to investigate potential associations, including intralaryngeal, airway, anaesthetic and anthropometric factors.MethodsWe analysed 1003 patients undergoing thyroid surgery at The Alfred from 2010 to 2017, who had anatomically intact RLNs at the conclusion of thyroidectomy. All included patients underwent pre‐ and post‐operative flexible nasendoscopy. The primary outcome was RLNP rate. We analysed potential associated factors including age, sex, operative time, surgical indication, pathology, American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status, Mallampati scores, body mass index, intubation grade, TT size and specimen weight. The independent risk factors were identified by logistic regression analysis.ResultsOverall, RLNP occurred in 83 patients (8.3%) of which one was permanent (0.1%). On univariate analysis, RLNP was associated with male sex (P = 0.02), and duration of surgery (P = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, both male sex (P = 0.047) and duration of surgery (P = 0.04) remained significant. Further, factors postulated to cause intralaryngeal compression of the RLN, including TT size, body mass index, intubation grade and Mallampati score, were not significantly associated with RLNP.ConclusionOur study showed a RLNP rate of 8.3%, and associations with longer operative duration, and male sex. Potential intralaryngeal factors were not identified.
Management of primary mycotic aneurysms and prosthetic graft infections: an 8‐year experience with in‐situ cryopreserved allograft reconstruction
Authors: Arasu Rohan , Campbell Ian , Cartmill Andrew , Cohen Toby , Hansen Peter , Muller Juanita , Dave Richa , McGahan Timothy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary mycotic aneurysms and prosthetic graft infections are traditionally managed by resection of infected vascular tissue and revascularisation with an extra‐anatomical bypass. Long‐term patency for this method has been reported to be poor with associated high reinfection and limb amputation rates. The aim of this study was to analyse the outcomes of those patients in our department between 2010 and 2018 whom had revascularisation with in‐situ arterial reconstruction using cryopreserved allograft as a conduit.MethodsThe data were retrospectively reviewed and 13 patients were identified. There were five patients with primary mycotic aneurysms and eight patients with prosthetic graft infections, three of which were complicated by aortoenteric fistulae (AEF).ResultsThere were three peri‐operative mortalities (23%) with all three mortalities related to graft re‐infection and post‐implantation haemorrhage; two of these from uncontrolled bile leaks related to the original AEF with persistent graft contamination. The 10 surviving patients were followed up for a mean duration of 15.8 months with an overall primary graft patency of 89% and no incidence of graft re‐infection or aneurysmal degeneration.ConclusionPatients that survived the peri‐operative period demonstrated acceptable medium‐term allograft durability, with the most favourable outcomes observed in those patients who had arterial infections uncomplicated by AEF. The main barrier to more wide‐spread use in our state remains inadequate supply of banked cryopreserved tissue.
Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidants in patients with bipolar disorder: Results from a meta‐analysis comparing patients, including stratification by polarity and euthymic status, with healthy controls
Authors: Jiménez‐Fernández Sara , Gurpegui Manuel , Garrote‐Rojas Daniel , Gutiérrez‐Rojas Luis , Carretero María D. , Correll Christoph U. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsElectronic MEDLINE/PubMed/Cochrane‐Library/Scopus/TripDatabase search until 06/30/2019 for studies comparing antioxidant or oxidative stress markers between BD and healthy controls (HCs). Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for ≥3 studies.ResultsForty‐four studies (n = 3,767: BD = 1,979; HCs = 1,788) reported on oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total nitrites; antioxidants glutathione (GSH), uric acid, and zinc; or antioxidantenhancing enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and GSH‐transferase (GST). Compared with HCs, BD was associated with higher GST (P = .01), CAT (P = .02), nitrites (P < .0001), TBARS (P < .0001), MDA (P = .01), uric acid (P < .0001), and lower GSH (P = .006), without differences in SOD, GPX, and zinc. Compared to HCs, levels were higher in BD‐mania for TBARS (P < .0001) and uric acid (P < .0001); in BD‐depression for TBARS (P = .02); and BD‐euthymia for uric acid (P = .03). Uric acid levels were higher in BD‐mania vs BD‐depression (P = .002), but not vs BD euthymia. TBARS did not differ between BD‐mania and BD‐depression. Medication‐free BD‐mania patients had higher SOD (P = .02) and lower GPX (P < .0001) than HCs. After treatment, BD did not differ from HCs regarding SOD and GPX.ConclusionsBeyond a single biomarker of oxidative stress, the combination of several parameters appears to be more informative for BD in general and taking into account illness polarity. BD is associated with an imbalance in oxidative stress with some phase‐specificity for uric acid and TBARS and possible treatment benefits for SOD and GPX. Future studies should take into account confounding factors that can modify oxidative stress status and simultaneously measure oxidative stress markers and antioxidants including different blood sources.
Interpretive theory of mind and empathic prosocial moral reasoning
Authors: Harari Yifat , Weinstock Michael 
Published: August 2020

Theory of mind (ToM) is seen as fundamental in development of social understanding. The study proposes that interpretive theory of mind (iToM), which follows ToM attainment, underlies important shifts towards mature social understanding. With ToM found to predict the needs orientation in prosocial moral reasoning (PMR), we hypothesized that iToM, unlike ToM, would account for PMR orientations requiring empathic reasoning. Those with iToM recognize the role of subjective processes, such as interpretation, in knowing. They can invoke others’ subjective processes, not just their physical perspectives, in explaining others’ decisions. A study with 225 7‐ to 11‐year‐old children (Mage = 9.04, SD = 0.91) found that iToM, but not ToM, predicted empathic and internalized values PMR orientations when controlling for age, emotion understanding and inhibitory control. These findings show that iToM attainment plays a unique role in developing social understanding such as reflected in empathic reasoning‐based PMR orientations.
Visual cortex changes in children with sickle cell disease and normal visual acuity: a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Manara Renzo , Dalla Torre Alice , Lucchetta Marta , Ermani Mario , Favaro Angela , Baracchini Claudio , Favaretto Silvia , Viaro Federica , Munaretto Vania , Sartori Stefano , Ponticorvo Sara , Russo Andrea G. , Biffi Alessandra , Sainati Laura , Colombatti Raffaella 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe visual system is primarily affected in sickle cell disease (SCD), and eye examination is recommended starting in late childhood. So far, to our knowledge, all studies have focused on the retina, neglecting the changes that might be present in the cortical portion of the visual system. We performed a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the visual cortex in 25 children with SCD (mean age: 12·3 ± 1·9 years) and 31 controls (mean age: 12·7 ± 1·6 years). At ophthalmologic examination, 3/25 SCD children had mild visual acuity deficits and 2/25 had mild tortuosity of the retinal vessels. None showed optic pathway infarcts at MRI or Transcranial Doppler abnormal blood velocities, and 6/25 disclosed posterior cerebral artery stenosis (five mild and one severe) at MR‐angiography. Compared to controls, SCD children had increased posterior pericalcarine cortical thickness, with a different trajectory of cortical maturation and decreased connectivity within medial and ventral visual neural networks. Our findings suggest that SCD affects the development and the tuning of the visual cortex, leading to anatomical and functional changes in childhood even in the absence of retinopathy, and set the basis for future studies to determine if these changes can represent useful predictors of visual impairment in adulthood, biomarkers of disease progression or treatment response.
How Diversity Approaches Affect Ethnic Minority and Majority Adolescents: Teacher–Student Relationship Trajectories and School Outcomes
Authors: Baysu Gülseli , Hillekens Jessie , Phalet Karen , Deaux Kay 
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to relate school diversity approaches to continuity and change in teacher–student relationships, comparing Belgian‐majority (N = 1,875, Mage = 14.56) and Turkish and Moroccan‐minority adolescents (N = 1,445, Mage = 15.07). Latent‐Growth‐Mixture‐Models of student‐reported teacher support and rejection over 3 years revealed three trajectories per group: normative‐positive (high support, low rejection) and decreasing‐negative (moderate support, high‐decreasing rejection) for both groups, increasing‐negative (moderate support, low‐increasing rejection) for minority, moderate‐positive (moderate support, low rejection) for majority youth. Trajectories differed between age groups. Student and teacher perceptions of equality and multiculturalism afforded, and assimilationism threatened, normative‐positive trajectories for minority youth. Diversity approaches had less impact on majority trajectories. Normative‐positive trajectories were related to improved school outcomes; they were less likely, but more beneficial for minority than majority youth.
Autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: Clinical features and molecular basis
Authors: Naseri Nima , Sharma Manu , Velinov Milen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are at least 13 distinct progressive neurodegenerative disorders unified by the accumulation of lysosomal auto‐fluorescent material called lipofuscin. The only form that occurs via autosomal‐dominant inheritance exhibits adult onset and is sometimes referred to as Parry type NCL. The manifestations may include behavioral symptoms followed by seizures, ataxia, dementia, and early death. Mutations in the gene DNAJC5 that codes for the presynaptic co‐chaperone cysteine string protein‐α (CSPα) were recently reported in sporadic adult‐onset cases and in families with dominant inheritance. The mutant CSPα protein may lead to disease progression by both loss and gain of function mechanisms. Iron chelation therapy may be considered as a possible pharmaceutical intervention based on our recent mechanism‐based proposal of CSPα oligomerization via ectopic Fe‐S cluster‐binding, summarized in this review.
DFR: Differentiable Function Rendering for Learning 3D Generation from Images
Authors: Wu Yunjie , Sun Zhengxing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLearning‐based 3D generation is a popular research field in computer graphics. Recently, some works adapted implicit function defined by a neural network to represent 3D objects and have become the current state‐of‐the‐art. However, training the network requires precise ground truth 3D data and heavy pre‐processing, which is unrealistic. To tackle this problem, we propose the DFR, a differentiable process for rendering implicit function representation of 3D objects into 2D images. Briefly, our method is to simulate the physical imaging process by casting multiple rays through the image plane to the function space, aggregating all information along with each ray, and performing a differentiable shading according to every ray's state. Some strategies are also proposed to optimize the rendering pipeline, making it efficient both in time and memory to support training a network. With DFR, we can perform many 3D modeling tasks with only 2D supervision. We conduct several experiments for various applications. The quantitative and qualitative evaluations both demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Generating Adversarial Surfaces via Band‐Limited Perturbations
Authors: Mariani G. , Cosmo L. , Bronstein A. M. , Rodolà E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdversarial attacks have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in altering the output of a learning model by applying a minimal perturbation to the input data. While increasing attention has been placed on the image domain, however, the study of adversarial perturbations for geometric data has been notably lagging behind. In this paper, we show that effective adversarial attacks can be concocted for surfaces embedded in 3D, under weak smoothness assumptions on the perceptibility of the attack. We address the case of deformable 3D shapes in particular, and introduce a general model that is not tailored to any specific surface representation, nor does it assume access to a parametric description of the 3D object. In this context, we consider targeted and untargeted variants of the attack, demonstrating compelling results in either case. We further show how discovering adversarial examples, and then using them for adversarial training, leads to an increase in both robustness and accuracy. Our findings are confirmed empirically over multiple datasets spanning different semantic classes and deformations.
Markets and the crowding out of conservation‐relevant behavior
Authors: Cinner Joshua E. , Barnes Michele L. , Gurney Georgina G. , Lockie Stewart , Rojas Cristian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarkets are increasingly being incorporated into many aspects of daily life and are becoming an important part of the conservation solution space. Although market‐based solutions to environmental problems can result in improvements to conservation, a body of social science research highlights how markets may also have unforeseen consequences by crowding out or displacing 3 key types of behaviors potentially relevant to conservation, including people's willingness to engage in collective action and civic duty; tolerance for inflicting harm on others (third‐party externalities); and desire for equity. Better understanding of the contexts and mechanisms through which this crowding out occurs and whether specific market‐based instruments are more prone to different types of crowding out will be crucial to developing novel conservation initiatives that can reduce or prevent crowding out.
Incorporating putatively neutral and adaptive genomic data into marine conservation planning
Authors: Xuereb Amanda , D'Aloia Cassidy C. , Andrello Marco , Bernatchez Louis , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe availability of genomic data for an increasing number of species makes it possible to incorporate evolutionary processes into conservation plans. Recent studies show how genetic data can inform spatial conservation prioritization (SCP), but they focus on metrics of diversity and distinctness derived primarily from neutral genetic data sets. Identifying adaptive genetic markers can provide important information regarding the capacity for populations to adapt to environmental change. Yet, the effect of including metrics based on adaptive genomic data into SCP in comparison to more widely used neutral genetic metrics has not been explored. We used existing genomic data on a commercially exploited species, the giant California sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus), to perform SCP for the coastal region of British Columbia (BC), Canada. Using a RAD‐seq data set for 717P. californicusindividuals across 24 sampling locations, we identified putatively adaptive (i.e., candidate) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on genotype–environment associations with seafloor temperature. We calculated various metrics for both neutral and candidate SNPs and compared SCP outcomes with independent metrics and combinations of metrics. Priority areas varied depending on whether neutral or candidate SNPs were used and on the specific metric used. For example, targeting sites with a high frequency of warm‐temperature‐associated alleles to support persistence under future warming prioritized areas in the southern coastal region. In contrast, targeting sites with high expected heterozygosity at candidate loci to support persistence under future environmental uncertainty prioritized areas in the north. When combining metrics, all scenarios generated intermediate solutions, protecting sites that span latitudinal and thermal gradients. Our results demonstrate that distinguishing between neutral and adaptive markers can affect conservation solutions and emphasize the importance of defining objectives when choosing among various genomic metrics for SCP.
Characteristics and incidence of contact dermatitis among hairdressers in north‐eastern Italy
Authors: Piapan Linda , Mauro Marcella , Martinuzzo Chiara , Larese Filon Francesca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHairdressers are at high risk of contact dermatitis (CD) due to skin exposure to numerous irritants and haptens in hair products in combination with frequent wet work.ObjectivesTo investigate the characteristics and incidence of CD among hairdressers in north‐eastern Italy.MethodsA total of 324 hairdressers who had been examined and patch tested in north‐eastern Italy from 1996 to 2016 were retrospectively identified, and compared with 9669 matched controls. Sensitization to allergens of the hairdressing series was analysed among hairdressers attending an occupational medicine clinic in Trieste, Italy. Incidence data were calculated from 1999 to 2016.ResultsSensitization top‐phenylenediamine, thiuram mix, andN‐isopropyl‐N'‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine was significantly associated with hairdressing and with hand/forearms dermatitis. Frequent sensitizers from hairdressing series were ammonium persulfate, toluene‐2,5‐diamine, andp‐aminobenzene. The overall incidence of CD declined from 2003 (31.7 cases/10 000 workers) to 2016 (20.8 cases/10 000 workers).ConclusionsSensitization to several haptens was significantly associated with hairdressing. The incidence of CD among hairdressers in north‐eastern Italy has declined in recent years, but is still high. Preventive efforts are needed to reduce the burden of CD in this professional group.
Association of circadian clock TIMELESS variants and expression with asthma risk in children
Authors: Langwinski Wojciech , Sobkowiak Paulina , Narozna Beata , Wojsyk‐Banaszak Irena , Dmitrzak‐Węglarz Monika , Stachowiak Zuzanna , Nowakowska Joanna , Bręborowicz Anna , Szczepankiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionBronchial asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation, allergen‐induced hypersensitivity and dyspnea. Most asthmatic patients demonstrate oscillations of disease symptoms within 24 hours regulated by circadian clock genes. We hypothesized that these genes may be regulators of childhood asthma risk.ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate whether single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the circadian clock genes are associated with childhood asthma risk. We also aimed to analyze the mRNA level of clock genes in the blood of asthmatic children and NHBE cells stimulated with IL‐13.Materials and MethodsPeripheral blood was collected from 165 asthmatic and 138 healthy Polish children. NHBE cells were culture at the air‐liquid interface (ALI) with IL‐13 as an in vitro model of allergic inflammation. Using TaqMan probes, we genotyped 32 SNPs in: CLOCK, BMAL1, PER3 and TIMELESS. Expression analysis for TIMELESS was performed using real‐time PCR with SYBR Green. For haplotype and genotype statistical analysis we used Haploview 4.2 and STATISTICA version 12, respectively. Gene expression analysis was performed in DataAssist v3.01.ResultsWe found that three polymorphisms in TIMELESS (rs2291739, rs10876890, rs11171856) and two haplotypes (TTTT and CTAC) were associated with asthma risk. We also found significantly decreased expression of TIMELESS in the blood of asthmatic children as compared to the healthy children (P = 0.0289) and in NHBE cells stimulated with IL‐13 (P = 0.0302).ConclusionsIn our study, we showed for the first time that TIMELESS variants and expression may be associated with childhood asthma.
Attitude towards shared learning activities and Interprofessional education among dental students in South India
Authors: Mohammed Ciraj A. , Narsipur Sowmya , Vasthare Ramprasad , Singla Nishu , Yan Ran Arron Lim , Suryanarayana Jagannatha P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterprofessional Education (IPE) and Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) are being introduced in healthcare institutions gradually to enable comprehensive learning and its application to enhance community health outcomes.Objectives

To assess the attitude of dental students towards Interprofessional Education (IPE) and Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC)

To assess whether Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) is a suitable instrument to measure the attitude of under graduate dental students towards IPE.

To assess how the study year and gender affect the attitude of under graduate dental students towards IPE.

Methods and materialsThe research design was a cross‐sectional survey. The dental students of first to fifth year based on availability of students and the existing academic calendar were participated in the study. A total number of 417 validated RIPLS questionnaire were distributed to dental students studying in two dental institutions at Manipal in South India in the year 2017 with the collected response rate of 81.53%. Principal component analysis of the responses was applied to the data along with Varimax rotation and Cronbach alpha to confirm the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Independent sample t test and ANOVA were used to assess the differences between the groups.ResultsSeventy five percent of the respondents were females, and the mean age was 21.26 years (SD = 1.34). The mean scores in RIPLS and all its subscales were high. The mean scores were also higher as the year of study increased and with female students. Senior and female dental students had more encouraging attitudes towards shared learning.ConclusionsThe RIPLS can be utilised to determine the different subscales of learning namely learning behaviour, attitudes, teamwork and collaboration, professional identity perspectives, and roles and responsibilities towards interprofessional education of dental students. The dental students with an Indian outlook, perspective and training had a favourable attitude towards interprofessional learning.