bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
23 central composite rotatable design for the production of neem oil nanoemulsion for antifungal and antiparasitic applications
Authors: Rabelo Alessandra S , Sutili Felipe K , Meneses Juliana O , Severino Patricia , Souto Eliana B , Fujimoto Rodrigo Y , Cardoso Juliana C 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study describes the design and production of an oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion composed of neem oil as the inner phase for use as an antifungal and antiparasitic control in aquaculture. A 23 central composite rotatable design adopting surface response was used as the experimental design, setting the neem oil concentration (4–15%), surfactant concentration (0.5–10%) and sonication power (20–90%) as the independent variables, while the droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential were set as the response (dependent) variables.RESULTSDroplet size and PDI showed the best results using the sonication method with 5 min of process. The coefficients of determination were greater than 0.900 for all response. The best formulation was obtained with 9% of neem oil and 5.25% of polysorbate 20.CONCLUSIONAntifungal activity of the optimized nanoemulsion against Saprolegnia parasitica was demonstrated, also attributed to the presence of the surfactant. Concentrations of 200 mg L−1 of nanoemulsion resulted in 100% parasitic mortality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Microwave‐assisted pyrolysis of organometallic gel prepared through ternary combination of surfactants for fabrication of nano‐porous gamma alumina: adsorptive properties, characterization
Authors: Salem Shiva , Salem Amin , Parni Mohammad H , Jafarizad Abbas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn present work, γ‐Al2O3 nanoparticles, with uniform morphology and controllable size, were successfully fabricated by the microwave‐assisted pyrolysis of organometallic gels prepared through the application of aluminum nitrite, urea, glycine, and triple mixed surfactants. A series of pyrolysis reactions were carried out by the conventional and microwave treatments to achieve nano‐porous powders. The effects of different process factors, such as fuel composition, pyrolysis method, calcination temperature, and surfactant mixing ratio, on the adsorptive properties and physico‐chemical characteristics of powders were investigated.RESULTSγ‐Al2O3 nanoparticles (10–20 nm) were successfully synthesized through optimized process variables. Although the calcination temperature is a significant variable in altering adsorptive properties, microwave pyrolysis causes a reduction in the calcination temperature (700 °C). Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), which is a cationic surfactant, mixed with a non‐ionic surfactant (Triton‐X‐100) can produce nano‐sized γ‐Al2O3 particles. The stoichiometric aluminum nitrate‐urea admixed with surfactants produced a powder with higher specific surface area, 238 m2 g−1, which is comparable with that obtained via the salt‐urea‐glycine system.CONCLUSIONThough mesoporous powder with a large surface area can be synthesized by urea‐glycine system, the employment of triple surfactant system admixed with urea may be a reliable route to produce mesoporous powder economically. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutrition Therapy Cost‐Effectiveness Model Indicating How Nutrition May Contribute to the Efficiency and Financial Sustainability of the Health Systems
Authors: Toulson Davisson Correia Maria Isabel , Castro Melina , de Oliveira Toledo Diogo , Farah Daniela , Sansone Dayan , de Morais Andrade Tereza Raquel , Tannus Branco de Araújo Gabriela , Fonseca Marcelo Cunio Machado 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is highly prevalent in hospitalized patients but seldom recognized and treated. Malnutrition poses several adverse events, such as increased infection rates, length of hospital stay, and mortality, as well as costs. Early nutrition interventions have been shown to decrease the associated malnutrition burdens, leading to relevant savings. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of nutrition therapy, including oral supplements to at‐risk or malnourished adult inpatients admitted to the Brazilian Public System (SUS) hospitals.MethodA cost‐effectiveness model, encompassing a 1‐year period and regarding total costs, length of hospital stay, readmissions, and mortality related to malnutrition, was developed, having the provision of early nutrition therapy as the intervention variable. The number of avoided hospitalization days, prevented hospital readmissions, and prevented deaths defined the effectiveness of the model. All the costs were estimated based on the SUS database.ResultsEarly nutrition therapy provided to all at‐risk or malnourished patients would represent cost‐effectiveness of US $92.24, US $544.59, US $1848.12, and US $3698.92, for each day of hospitalization avoided, for additional patients having access to hospitalization, for preventing readmission, and for prevented death, respectively. The highest impact on savings was represented by the mean reduction in the length of hospital stay.ConclusionEarly oral nutrition intervention for patients malnourished or at risk of malnutrition resulted in overall reduced hospital costs. These findings provide a rationale to tackle the implementation of educational programs focusing on the care of inpatients with malnutrition or its risk.
Relationship between ultrasonographic hand muscle thickness measurements and muscle strength following median or ulnar nerve reconstruction
Authors: Misirlioglu Tugce Ozekli , Palamar Deniz , Taskiran Ozden Ozyemisci , Terlemez Rana , Akgun Kenan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between ultrasonographic hand muscle thickness measurements and hand muscle strength in patients who underwent median or ulnar nerve reconstruction.MethodsIn this prospective, cross‐sectional study, intrinsic hand muscle thicknesses were measured using ultrasound with a 4‐ to 13‐MHz linear‐array probe. Measurements of hand strength were performed using a dynamometer and a pinchmeter.ResultsIn the median nerve group (n = 11), a moderate correlation (r = 0.694; P = .018) was observed between lateral pinch strength and transverse thenar thickness. In the ulnar nerve group (n = 11), longitudinal thenar thickness below the flexor pollicis longus tendon was moderate to highly correlated with pinch and handgrip strengths (r = 0.726‐0.893; P < .05); whole transverse thenar thickness was moderate to highly correlated with pinch strengths (r = 0.724‐0.836; P < .05).DiscussionSonographic measurements of intrinsic hand muscle thickness may be a useful tool for the assessment and follow‐up of patients with median or ulnar nerve injury.
A posteriori diffusion analysis of numerical schemes for application to propagating linear waves
Authors: Joshi Subodh M. , Chatterjee Avijit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe compare several higher‐order accurate numerical schemes based on their dissipation characteristics found out in an a posteriori energy analysis. The diffusion analysis is performed based on correlation between the modal energy as well as the total energy of the broadband signal and the dissipation characteristics of the candidate numerical scheme. This technique is used for analyzing linear as well as nonlinear including space–time coupled numerical schemes used in simulation of propagating linear waves, such as in computational electromagnetics and computational aeroacoustics. It is found that the discontinuous Galerkin scheme best preserves the signal energy over the simulation time among all candidate numerical schemes under consideration.
Perceived value of charitable involvement: The millennial donor perspective
Authors: Graça Sandra S. , Zwick Hana C. 
Published: November 2020

The importance of nonprofit relationship marketing continues to increase as organizations compete to attract and retain a younger loyal donor base. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of six determinants of charitable giving on millennial donor's perceived value received from their involvement with the charitable organization. A conceptual model and accompanying research hypotheses are tested on a sample of millennials from the U.S(n = 227). Structural equation modeling is used to test the relationships in the model. Results suggest that five factors have a positive effect on donor's perceived value. Social recognition is found to be the most important factor, followed by attitude towards and trust in the charitable organization and attitude towards helping others. To a lesser degree, tax benefits and mitigation of guilt are also found to have an impact on donor's perceived value from charitable involvement. Although this study is limited to the examination of millennials, practical and social implications are noted for all donors. Organizations must recognize that donors are influenced by a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic factors when evaluating their value from charitable involvement. Most of all, donors seek a degree of social recognition from giving, so organizations are encouraged to provide ways for millennial donors to display or share their charitable involvement.
Apatinib in Combination with S-1 as First-Line Treatment in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Gastric Cancer: Results from an Open, Exploratory, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial
Authors: Zhou Na , Zhang Chuantao , Liu Dong , Liu Kewei , Wang Guanqun , Zhu Hua , Zhang Jianli , Jiang Man , Liu Ning , Zhang Xiaochun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Trial Information
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02525237 Sponsor: Xiaochun Zhang Principal Investigator: Xiaochun Zhang IRB Approved: Yes

Lessons Learned
Apatinib combined with S-1 was not superior to other chemotherapy regimens as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer. There was a tendency for patients with lymph node metastasis to have prolonged median progression-free survival and median overall survival, compared with patients with liver metastasis.

Background
The best choice of first-line chemotherapy regimen for patients with metastatic gastric cancer is still debated. We combined apatinib and S-1 as a new first-line therapy to treat advanced gastric cancer. The efficacy and safety of the combination were assessed, with the goal of determining the most appropriate subgroup of patients who could benefit from this new regimen.

Methods
This study was an open, exploratory single-arm, phase II trial. Enrolled patients received apatinib plus S-1 treatment (apatinib, 500 mg, once a day [qd], days 1–21; S-1, 40 mg/m2, bid, days 1–14). The primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and safety of this new regimen. Next-generation sequencing was used to explore potential biomarkers.

Results
A total of 30 patients were enrolled. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 4.21 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29–6.13 months). The median overall survival (mOS) was 7.49 months (95% CI, 4.81–10.17 months). Patients with lymph node metastasis had prolonged mPFS and mOS when compared with those with liver metastasis (mPFS, 4.21 vs. 1.84 months; mOS, 8.21 vs. 6.31 months, p = .08). The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events were abdominal pain, dizziness, and diarrhea. Gene mutation profiles between the two subgroups were significantly different.

Conclusion
Apatinib combined with S-1 was not superior to other chemotherapy regimens as first-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer. Toxicity was consistent with known profiles when given as monotherapy. There was a tendency toward prolonged mPFS and mOS in patients with lymph node metastasis compared with patients with liver metastasis, which could support the need to design a future clinical trial with a better defined patient population.
The reliability of bone marrow cytology as response criterion in metastatic neuroblastoma
Authors: Schumacher‐Kuckelkorn Roswitha , Atra Ayad , Belli Maria Luisa , den Engelsman Gerda , Fréneaux Paul , Gauthier Arnaud , Heijlaerts‐Klever Anja , Scuderi Francesca , Senent Peris Leonor , Tewari Sanjay , Zapletal Ondrej , Ernst Angela , Berthold Frank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe quantitative assessment of neuroblastoma cell content in bone marrow aspirates for response evaluation has been introduced recently. Data on the concordance of interobserver reports are lacking so far.MethodsInvestigators of seven European countries representing national reference or large oncological centers convened in 2016. They agreed to quantitatively assess routine bone marrow smears of the participating institutions and to discuss the discrepant results in joint meetings.ResultsFrom 2017 through 2019, three cytology rounds with 24, 28, and 28 bone marrow samples were run evaluating the representativity of the smears (yes/[restricted]/no) and the presence of tumor cells (yes/no and %). The comparison of the reports using κ (Fleiss) and α (Krippendorff) statistics demonstrated no robust reliabilities. The agreement on the representativity was moderate to poor, on the presence of tumor cells moderate to good, and on the percentage of tumor cells slight to moderate. Though the value of cytology is unquestioned to detect even tiny metastatic cells in bone marrow, the investigators unanimously agreed that a reliable quantification of the tumor cell content in bone marrow smears is unrealistic. For the key issue of representativity, a new practical definition was developed.ConclusionFor any work with bone marrow aspirates, the representativity of the material is of paramount importance. A practical definition is proposed. A reliable quantitative cytological assessment of tumor cell content in bone marrow aspirates is not feasible in metastatic neuroblastoma. Therefore, its use as response criterion should be reconsidered.
Surface preparation for 10% efficient CZTSe solar cells
Authors: Grenet Louis , Emieux Fabrice , Choubrac Léo , Márquez José A. , De Vito Eric , Roux Frédéric , Unold Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKesterite‐based solar cells suffer from a large open‐circuit voltage deficit, which largely arises from carrier recombination at the buffer interface. In this study, we compare two strategies to passivate the absorber surface in order to fabricate devices with power conversion efficiency higher than 10% and an open‐circuit voltage deficit as low as 306 mV. These two strategies consist of annealing in air or performing a chemical etching of the absorbers before buffer deposition. They lead similarly to a significant reduction of the interface recombination but as well to a shortening of the minority carrier diffusion length from 1 μm to less than 500 nm. This latter effect limits the short‐circuit current and fill factor of the devices but is largely compensated by the open‐circuit voltage gain of more than 100 mV. For the absorber air annealing, which is the simplest solution to implement, absolute photoluminescence measurements reveal that the voltage gain is directly linked to a drop in the nonradiative losses in the absorber and to a small reduction of the band tailing. It is demonstrated that the removal of detrimental secondary phases at the surface of the absorber due to oxidation at elevated temperature and etching in the basic CdS solution is responsible for these improved opto‐electronic properties. On the contrary, the apparent Cu‐depletion observed after air annealing is totally recovered after the chemical bath and cannot be responsible for the improved performances.
Synthesis of nitrophenyl and fluorophenyl azides and diazides by SNAr under phase‐transfer or microwave irradiation: Fast and mild methodologies to prepare photoaffinity labeling, crosslinking, and click chemistry reagents
Authors: Leyva Elisa , Aguilar Johana , González‐Balderas Regina M. , Vega‐Rodríguez Sarai , Loredo‐Carrillo Silvia E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo fast and mild methodologies to prepare nitrophenyl and fluorophenyl azides are presented. These aryl azides are extensively used as crosslinking, photoaffinity labeling, and click chemistry reagents. Substituted aryl azides are prepared by performing a SNAr substitution on halogenated benzenes with a phase‐transfer catalyst (PTC) such as tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEATFB), the reaction proceeds in several hours under rather mild temperatures (25°C to 70°C). Furthermore, aryl azides are also prepared within minutes under microwave irradiation at slightly higher temperatures (50°C to 70°C). These procedures could be applied in the preparation of other aryl azides. In the case of substituted pentafluoro benzene (pF), the type of products obtained in each reaction depends on the amount of sodium azide and the strength and position of electron‐withdrawing substituents (COH, COR, COOR, CN, NO2, or F). A discussion on the mechanisms and the products obtained in these SNAr reactions is presented.
Effects of a time out consultation with the general practitioner on cancer treatment decision‐making: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Perfors Ietje A.A. , Noteboom Eveline A. , de Wit Niek J. , van der Wall Elsken , Visserman Ella A. , van Dalen Thijs , Verhagen Marc A.M.T. , Witkamp Arjen J. , Koelemij Ron , Flinterman Annebeth E. , van Dorst Eleonora B.L. , Pruissen‐Peeters Kim A.B.M. , Moons Leon M.G. , Schramel Franz M.N.H. , van Rens Marcel T.M. , Ernst Miranda F. , May Anne M. , Helsper Charles W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveImproving shared decision‐making (SDM) enables more tailored cancer treatment decisions. We evaluated a Time Out consultation (TOC) with the general practitioner (GP), between cancer diagnosis and treatment decision, which aims at supporting SDM and improving continuity of primary care. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a TOC on perceived SDM, information provision and self‐efficacy.MethodsThis randomised controlled trial included newly diagnosed patients with curable cancer (breast, lung, colorectal, gynaecologic and melanoma) from four Dutch hospitals. Primary outcome is perceived SDM and secondary outcomes are information provision and self‐efficacy.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐four patients (control n = 77, intervention n = 77) – female: 75%, mean age: 61 (SD ± 11.9). In the intervention group, 80.5% (n = 62) had a TOC, of which 82.3% (n = 51) took place after treatment decision. Perceived SDM was lower in the intervention group (−8.9 [95% CI: 0.6–17.1]). Among those with a TOC before treatment decision (n = 11), perceived SDM was comparable to the control group (66.5 ± 27.2 vs. 67.9 ± 26.1).ConclusionEven though patients are motivated to have a TOC, implementing a TOC between diagnosis and treatment decision is challenging. Effects of a timely TOC could not be established. Non‐timely TOC decreased perceived SDM. Planning of the TOC should be optimised, and future research should establish if adequately timed TOC results in improved SDM in cancer patients.
Access to the Naproxen Ring System, a Crowded β‐Lactam, through In Situ Generated Ketenes: Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity
Authors: Salarinejad Somayeh , Reza Islami Mohammad , Abbasnejad Mehdi , Zigheimat Fatemeh , Kooshki Razieh , Pouramiri Behjat , Sadat Hosseini Faezeh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of the 3‐(6‐methoxy‐2‐naphtyl) 3‐methyl‐1,4‐diaryl‐2‐azetanone through changes on the main functional group of 2‐(6‐methoxy‐2‐naphthyl) propanoic acid is described. Formally, this transformation can be regarded as a [2+2]‐cycloaddition of aromatic imines with methyl naphthylketene generated in situ. To confirm ketene formation, the stable free radical TEMPO (TO•, 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy) was added to the reaction medium and the corresponding additive product was obtained, indicating the presence of this active intermediate in the reaction medium. This efficient method provides fast access to a variety of structurally diverse β‐lactam derivatives. Also, some new β‐lactam derivatives were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity, as well as the impact of geometrical isomerism on their ability to interact with key residue of GABAA receptor binding pocket in molecular docking studies. Experimental results revealed that between all, cis‐14 a seizure inhibition was done in a longer time in vivo especially in compare to diazepam. Also, in molecular docking studies, cis‐14 a matched with the shape of the GABAA binding pocket which led to give the best position and lowest binding energy.
Domino β‐C−H Functionalization and [3+2] Cycloaddition for Efficient Synthesis of Diverse Spiro and Polycyclic Compounds
Authors: Fang Hui‐Lin , Han Ying , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe acetic acid catalyzed three‐component reaction of pyrrolidine, aromatic aldehydes and 4‐arylidene‐5‐methyl‐2‐phenylpyrazol‐3‐one in refluxing toluene gave functionalized 7′‐(E)‐benzylidenespiro[pyrazole‐4,1′‐pyrrolizines] in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The similar reaction with 2‐arylidene‐N,N’‐dimethylbarbiturates resulted in mixture of Z/E‐isomers of 7′‐ arylidenespiro[pyrimidine‐5,1′‐pyrrolizines] in good yields. However, the three‐component with N‐phenylmaleimides and sequential oxidation with DDQ reaction gave 8‐(E)‐arylidenedihydropyrrolo[3,4‐a]pyrrolizines in satisfactory yields. The reaction mechanism included sequential β‐C−H functionalization of pyrrolidine, generation of conjugated azomethine ylides, and sequential [3+2] cycloaddition with active alkenes.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 4,5,6,7‐Tetrahydro‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐c]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Prezent Mikhail A. , Baranin Sergey V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA number of new spinaceamine derivatives have been synthesized by the Suzuki reaction of 5‐Boc‐2‐iodo‐spinaciamine with aryl or heteryl boronic acids. The obtained compounds exhibited a varying degree of ABTS radical‐scavenging activity, and some of them found to be more effective radical‐scavengers comparing with spinacine. Both spinacine and its synthesized derivatives do not inhibit cholinesterases and carboxylesterase.
Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis, In Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Furo[3,2‐c]pyrones and Furo[3,2‐c]coumarins along with Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Rani Suman , Kamra Nisha , Kumar Devinder , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA series of furo[3,2‐c]pyrones and furo[3,2‐c]coumarins agents were efficiently synthesized and structure recognizable proof was performed by FTIR and NMR. The furo[3,2‐c]pyrones and furo[3,2‐c]coumarins were evaluated against three bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coli) and two parasitic strains (Aspergillus nigerandCandida albicans). The antimicrobial results demonstrated that a couple of compounds showed noteworthy outcomes relating to the standard medications. Compounds6 band9 findicated great action againstEscherichia coliandBacillus subtiliswith MIC value 0.0108 μmol/ml and 0.0120 μmol/ml, respectively. Compound9 falso showed better activity against fungal strains with MIC value 0.0120 μmol/ml. Based on the outcomes of antimicrobial activities, docking study was performed to know the binding interface of furo[3,2‐c]pyrones and furo[3,2‐c]coumarins with DNA gyrase topoisomerase II.
Fe(III)/Bentonite as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2‐(1H)‐ones
Authors: Chopda Lakha V , Dave Pragnesh N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFe(III) immobilized over natural bentonite (bent) using the impregnation method. Prepared catalysts were well characterized by XRD, FT‐IR and FeSEM. The catalytic activity of three catalysts 10, 20 and 30 % Fe(III)/bent evaluated for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones known as Biginelli reaction. The catalyst 30 % Fe(III)/bent exhibited a high yield of the product towards the synthesis of a variety of dihydropyrimidones (DHPMs). The high yield of dihydropyrimidone (DHPM) was obtained in model reaction in ethanol, acetonitrile, DMF and solvent ‐ free condition. The reusability test indicated that 6 % of yield of product decreased after 5th cycle.