bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uterine Artery Doppler Screening in 2nd Trimester of Pregnancy for Prediction of Pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction
Authors: Mariana Nafisa Anwar , Chowdhury Tanzina Iveen , Choudhury Tasrina Rabia 
Published: August 2020

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry analysis has been extensively studied in the second trimester of pregnancy as a predictive investigation for the future development of pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction.
Aims: To predict the probability of developing pre-eclampsia of pregnant women and Fetal Growth Restriction in relation with normal and abnormal Doppler velocimetry of uterine artery at 2nd trimester of pregnancy.
Methods: A total of 97 pregnant women of 2nd trimester of pregnancy were included in this study. After taking informed written consent of the participants, all they underwent uterine artery Doppler velocimetry at 22nd and 24th week of pregnancy. They again examined clinically during delivery at different gestational age. Pre-eclampsia (PE) was diagnosed on the basis of measurement of blood pressure as well as urine routine and microscopic examination. Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) was determined by measuring birth weight and gestational age at the time of delivery. Development of PE and FGR was observed in relation to severity of Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry findings. A pre-structured data collection sheet was used as a research tool for data collection. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using windows-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-23).
Results: More than half (52.6%) of the subjects belonged to age 21-25 years and 52(53.6%) subjects were nulliparous. More than half (56.7%) of the subjects came from low income group family. Pre-eclampsia developed 11(11.3%) of the patients, 15(15.5%) had FGR and 12(12.4%) had notching in 2nd UADV at 24th week. Presence of Pre-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV study at 24th week to predict pre-eclampsia has sensitivity 72.7%, specificity 95.4%, accuracy 92.8% and positive predictive values 66.7% and negative predictive value 96.5%. Presence of Pre-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV study at 24th week to predict FGR has sensitivity 20.0%, specificity 89.0%, accuracy 78.4% and positive predictive values 25.0% and negative predictive value 85.9%. The mean age was 28.69±7.81 years who had per-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV at 24th week and 24.13±6.11 years who had normal UADV and the p value is 0.022 which is significant. The mean para was 1.29±0.33 who had per-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV at 24th week and 1.77±0.29 who had normal UADV together with remarkable p value which is 0.001. The mean BMI was 23.59±1.09 Kg/m2 who had per-diastolic notch in 2nd UADV at 24th week and 21.57±0.47 Kg/m2 who had normal UADV with notable p value 0.001 in this study.
Conclusion: Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in early pregnancy can be a good investigating tool for prediction of subsequent development of pre-eclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction.
Antibiotic Dispensing Practices in Community Pharmacies: A Major Health Concern in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Ntizala Aimerance Bahati , Mulume Tresor Yoshua , Runyeruka Bernard Lukundja , Kishabongo Antoine Sadiki 
Published: August 2020

Aims: The practice of antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies may contribute to irrational use of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibiotic dispensing patterns in community pharmacies of the Eastern DRCongo.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional study carried out at Bukavu city. The study included 1504 subjects attending community pharmacies. Thus, a total number of 40 pharmacies were selected. The sociodemographic profiles of patients and dispensers were also recorded. The pharmacological interventions were investigated in terms of antibiotics dispensed according to patient’s complaints, antibiotic dispensing with or without prescription, the substitution of antibiotics in prescriptions.
Results: Participants attending pharmacies for antibiotic needs were in the mean age of 29.8±13 years. Most of the pharmacy workers consisted of pharmacy technicians (70%) and no trained dispensers (20%). Pharmacists represented only 10% of all dispensers in community pharmacies. We found that 67.8% of subjects purchased antibiotics without prescription. The antibiotics dispensed without prescription were either on patients’ requests (70.1%) or the suggestion of dispensers (29.9%). Only 18.4% of prescriptions were subject to substitution. The conditions for requiring antibiotic dispensing without prescriptions were respectively gastrointestinal (34%), respiratory (27%), genitourinary (25%), skin (11%) and dental (2%) infections. Conditions that were not well defined represented 1%. In cephalosporins, Cefixime was the most important drug dispensed without prescription (72.5%) whereas in penicillins, this was Amoxicillin (55.5%). Doxycycline was more dispensed in the class of cyclines (69.4%). Erythromycin (53.1%) and Azithromycin (29.4%) were more dispensed in the class of macrolides. Ciprofloxacin was the most dispensed drug in the class of quinolones (74.3%) and Metronidazole (86.8%) in the class of imidazoles.
Conclusion: The Antibiotic dispensing practice is very critical in the community pharmacies of Bukavu city due to the lack of qualified dispensers. This may increase the antibiotic self-medication and contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Assessment of Etiological Factors of Female Primary Infertility
Authors: Mohana T. , Yuvarani R. 
Published: August 2020

Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the etiological factors of female primary infertility.
Place and Duration of the Study: This prospective study was conducted in the Gynaecology clinic of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, from August 2016 to February 2018.
Methods: All the reproductive age group women coming to Gynaecology opd out patient clinic with history of anxious to conceive. Those patients who satisfy the above criteria those have been selected for the study.
The test has been carried out in hospitalized patients:

A detailed history were taken.
General physical and systemic examination were done.
Ovarian factors and uterine factors ruled out.
For tubal cannulation.

The data collection technique adopted in this technique is structured questionnaire on the evaluation of infertility in couple of less than 35 years of age in a period of infertility less than 5 years from infertility OPD for one and half years of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. Detailed history obtained from the couple and evaluate, informat ion with the help of various investigation in evaluating an infertile couple [1].
Results: Age: The prevalence of infertility in the age group 21 – 29 years were about 76% in women. Menarche This showed that maximum number of female attain menarche at the age group of 12 to 14 years. In our study, it is observed that there is a strong relation of infertility with BMI, the prevalence of infertility increases as BMI Increases in population. 22% of the women have BMI above 30 (obese). In our study, 8% of the women has hydrosalpinx, 4% of the women had fibroids and 6% of the women has polyps. We observed that 4% of the women had unilateral fallopian tubal block and 2% had bilateral fallopian tubal block [2].
Conclusion: In modern era of economically growing world we have concluded that the prevalence of infertility is about 76% in women age group of 21-29, 40% of the women has attained menarche at 12-14 years, observed hydrosalpinx in 8%, polyps in 6% and fibroids in 4% [3].
Nitrate removal and nitrous oxide production from upflow and downflow column woodchip bioreactors
Authors: Feyereisen Gary W. , Spokas Kurt A. , Strock Jeffrey S. , Mulla David J. , Ranaivoson Andry Z. , Coulter Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWoodchip denitrifying bioreactors (WDBR) reduce off‐field tile drainage nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural fields. Limited evaluation exists regarding the influence of flow direction through WDBRs. Changing flow direction could reduce short circuiting. This study evaluated the dependency of nitrate‐N removal and dissolved nitrous oxide (dN2O) production rates on vertical flow direction in triplicate column bioreactors at 12‐h (without carbon dosing) and 2‐h (with carbon dosing) hydraulic residence times. Results presented demonstrate that there was no significant difference in overall N removal rates from these column bioreactors as a function of flow direction. There was the suggestion of lower N2O production in the downflow direction, although this was not statistically significant due to the high variability of the N2O production observed in the upflow direction. Carbon addition led to bioclogging of downflow columns; future work needs to identify dosing rate, placement, and conditions that prevent biofilm formation.
Participation Trends for Full Price Meals in the National School Lunch Program
Authors: Golino Gregory , Ralston Katherine , Guthrie Joanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractParticipation in USDA's National School Lunch Program has declined since 2011, driven by fewer full‐price lunch purchases among students not eligible for free or reduced‐price meals. Potential explanations include meal price increases for paying students and updated nutrition standards for meals following implementation of the Healthy Hunger‐Free Child Act, as well as macroeconomic factors. Longitudinal analyses of full‐price lunch participation at the state and local levels indicate household income and employment trends were significantly associated with participation trends, but lunch price increases and challenges some localities experienced implementing new nutrition standards may have played a role as well.
Inhibition of Tumor Progression through the Coupling of Bacterial Respiration with Tumor Metabolism
Authors: Chen Qi‐Wen , Wang Jia‐Wei , Wang Xia‐Nan , Fan Jin‐Xuan , Liu Xin‐Hua , Li Bin , Han Zi‐Yi , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBy leveraging the ability of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 (S. oneidensis MR‐1) to anaerobically catabolize lactate through the transfer of electrons to metal minerals for respiration, a lactate‐fueled biohybrid (Bac@MnO2) was constructed by modifying manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoflowers on the S. oneidensis MR‐1 surface. The biohybrid Bac@MnO2 uses decorated MnO2 nanoflowers as electron receptor and the tumor metabolite lactate as electron donor to make a complete bacterial respiration pathway at the tumor sites, which results in the continuous catabolism of intercellular lactate. Additionally, decorated MnO2 nanoflowers can also catalyze the conversion of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into generate oxygen (O2), which could prevent lactate production by downregulating hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) expression. As lactate plays a critical role in tumor development, the biohybrid Bac@MnO2 could significantly inhibit tumor progression by coupling bacteria respiration with tumor metabolism.
Cascade Synthesis of Pyrroles from Nitroarenes with Benign Reductants Using a Heterogeneous Cobalt Catalyst
Authors: Ryabchuk Pavel , Leischner Thomas , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Spannenberg Anke , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA bifunctional 3d‐metal catalyst for the cascade synthesis of diverse pyrroles from nitroarenes is presented. The optimal catalytic system Co/NGr‐C@SiO2‐L is obtained by pyrolysis of a cobalt‐impregnated composite followed by subsequent selective leaching. In the presence of this material, (transfer) hydrogenation of easily available nitroarenes and subsequent Paal–Knorr/Clauson‐Kass condensation provides >40 pyrroles in good to high yields using dihydrogen, formic acid, or a CO/H2O mixture (WGSR conditions) as reductant. In addition to the favorable step economy, this straightforward domino process does not require any solvents or external co‐catalysts. The general synthetic utility of this methodology was demonstrated on a variety of functionalized substrates including the preparation of biologically active and pharmaceutically relevant compounds, for example, (+)‐Isamoltane.
Concise Biosynthesis of Phenylfuropyridones in Fungi
Authors: Zhang Zhuan , Qiao Tianzhang , Watanabe Kenji , Tang Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhenylfuropyridone natural products from fungi exhibit a range of antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities, and can potentiate azole antifungal compounds. We elucidated the biosynthetic pathway of compounds in the citridone family through heterologous reconstitution of the pfp pathway. We demonstrate that multiple members of this family can be accessed from a reactive ortho‐quinone methide (o‐QM) intermediate through electrocyclization, cycloisomerization, or conjugate addition. Formation of the quaternary carbon center in citridone B is catalyzed by an epoxide‐forming P450 enzyme, followed by carbon skeletal rearrangement. Our results showcase how nature harvests the reactivities of an o‐QM intermediate to biosynthesize complex natural products.
Exosome‐Mimetic Supramolecular Vesicles with Reversible and Controllable Fusion and Fission**
Authors: Li Jie , Peng Kang , Li Youmei , Wang Jianxing , Huang Jianbin , Yan Yun , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe fusion and fission behaviors of exosomes are essential for the cell‐to‐cell communication. Developing exosome‐mimetic vesicles with such behaviors is of vital importance, but still remains a big challenge. Presented herein is an artificial supramolecular vesicle that exhibits redox‐modulated reversible fusion‐fission functions. These vesicles tend to fuse together and form large‐sized vesicles upon oxidation, undergo a fission process and then return to small‐sized vesicles through reduction. Noteworthy, the aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics of the supramolecular building blocks enable the molecular configuration during vesicular transformation to be monitored by fluorescence technology. Moreover, the presented vesicles are excellent nanocarrier candidates to transfer siRNA into cancer cells.
The awakening of invertebrates: The daily dynamics of fishes and mobile invertebrates at Rapa Nui's multiple use marine protected area
Authors: Hinojosa Iván A. , Zapata‐Hernández German , Fowles Amelia E. , Gaymer Carlos F. , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

On shallow reefs, day‐night activity patterns between fishes and invertebrates are presumed to reflect trade‐offs between feeding and predation; however, quantitative data on daily community dynamics are scarce. Moreover, night surveys may contribute important information for biodiversity inventories or baselines that normally are not considered.

This study used standardized day–night visual surveys of fishes and mobile invertebrates on the same transect lines in Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and investigated how diel patterns vary between taxonomic and trophic groups.

Distinct differences between taxonomic groups were observed, with fishes being more abundant during the day (>twice), whilst invertebrate abundance and richness showed an opposite trend with higher numbers at night (>three times).

Analysis of trophic groups showed that herbivorous and planktivorous fishes were more abundant during the day. Carnivorous fishes did not show any trends. Top predators (Apex) were observed only at very low abundances. However, a replacement amongst carnivorous fish species between day and night was found, where labridae fishes were practically absent during nights.

Most of the mobile invertebrates remained concealed during the day, probably due to the influence of predation risk (labrid fishes). The results emphasize the need for consideration of nocturnally active invertebrates in biodiversity inventories or baselines of reefs, which focus heavily only on diurnal surveys.

Day–night reef surveys should be included in marine protected area planning and monitoring as this provides a better understanding of shallow benthic communities and helps inform proper management decisions.
Konzeptionierung eines praxisorientierten 3D‐Druckverfahrens für den Verbundwerkstoff Stahlbeton (AMoRC)
Authors: Claßen Martin , Claßen Johannes , Sharma Rahul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMit extrusionsbasierten 3D‐Druckmethoden herstellbare unbewehrte Betonbauteile sind nur in seltenen Fällen für den Einsatz in realen Bauwerken geeignet, da sie spröde versagen und unzureichende Tragfähigkeiten aufweisen. Daher werden neue Verfahren benötigt, die die Integration von Stahlbewehrung in den Betondruckprozess und damit die additive Fertigung des Verbundwerkstoffs Stahlbeton ermöglichen. Die Konzeptionierung eines praxisorientierten 3D‐Druckverfahrens für Stahlbeton, das sog. „Additive Manufacturing of Reinforced Concrete“ (AMoRC), ist daher Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags. Im AMoRC‐Verfahren werden konfektionierte Stahlbewehrungsstäbe abschnittweise mit einem Lichtbogenbolzenschweißverfahren zu einer dreidimensionalen Bewehrungsstruktur gefügt und simultan mit einem Beton‐Extrusionsprozess umdruckt. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung des Verfahrens und erste Voruntersuchungen zur Umsetzbarkeit.
Narcolepsy, depression, and severe flushing in an obese man
Authors: Biobaku Fatimo , Hanna Adel , Matthews George , Dhindsa Sandeep , Dandona Paresh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHypogonadism as a cause of depression, daytime sleepiness, and flushing is often missed in young males. Our case report highlights the importance of screening for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and its treatment in symptomatic men with severe obesity, especially if they have depression, excessive sleepiness, and narcolepsy.
Laparoendoscopic rendezvous procedure in a patient with situs inversus totalis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Brañes Alejandro , Pérez Gustavo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSitus inversus totalis patients may be associated with difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of surgical diseases. This case suggests that laparoendoscopic rendezvous procedure could be associated with a lower morbidity and length of hospital stay.
Issues and solutions toward zinc anode in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries: A mini review
Authors: Xie Chunlin , Li Yihu , Wang Qi , Sun Dan , Tang Yougen , Wang Haiyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have been intensively investigated as potential energy storage devices on account of their low cost, environmental benignity, and intrinsically safe merits. With the exploitation of high‐performance cathode materials, electrolyte systems, and in‐depth mechanism investigation, the electrochemical performances of ZIBs have been greatly enhanced. However, there are still some challenges that need to be overcome before its commercialization. Among them, the obstinate dendrites, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on Zn anodes are critical issues that severely limit the practical applications of ZIBs. To address these issues, various strategies have been proposed, and tremendous progress has been achieved in the past few years. In this article, we analyze the origins and effects of the dendrites, corrosion, and HER on Zn anodes in neutral and mildly acid aqueous solutions at first. And then, a scientific understanding of the fundamental design principles and strategies to suppress these problems are emphasized. Apart from these, this article also puts forward some requirements for the practical applications of Zn anodes as well as several cost‐effective‐modifying strategies. Finally, perspectives on the future development of Zn anodes in aqueous solutions are also briefly anticipated. This article provides pertinent insights into the challenges on anodes for the development of high‐performance ZIBs, which will greatly contribute to their practical applications.
Distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal formation of the Atlantic white‐sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus)
Authors: Reid George Andrew , Darvesh Sultan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe cetacean hippocampal formation has been noted to be one of the smallest relative to brain size of all mammals studied. This region, comprised of the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum and the entorhinal cortex, is important in learning, memory, and navigation. There have been a number of studies detailing the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the hippocampal formation of terrestrial mammals with the goal of gaining a greater understanding of some aspects of the cholinergic innervation to this region, as well as its parcellation. The present study was undertaken to describe the organization, cytoarchitecture, and distribution of AChE in the hippocampal formation of the Atlantic white‐sided dolphin (AWSD) with the view to understand similarities and differences between this aquatic mammal and terrestrial mammals. Nissl‐staining demonstrated cytoarchitecture of the hippocampal formation in the AWSD comparable to that reported in other cetaceans. In addition, the AWSD had a rich pattern of AChE staining that distinctly varied between regions and laminae. A number of differences in the distribution of AChE staining in areas comparable to those of terrestrial species reported suggested possible alterations in connectivity of this region. Overall, however, AChE‐staining suggested that cholinergic innervation, neural pathways and function of the hippocampal formation of the AWSD is conserved, similar to other mammals.
Code of ethics and workers' communication policies: The role of corporate governance
Authors: Furlotti Katia , Mazza Tatiana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA good monitoring that reduces agency conflicts can help in developing structured policies in code of ethics to help the social information processing for employees. The objective of this research is to investigate whether the corporate governance characteristics, such as duality, board of directors' size and independence as measures of monitor capacity are related to workers' communication policies disclosed in code of ethics. Based on a content analysis of code of ethics to define the latter polices and on regression analyses on 808 firm‐year observations, our results show that board of directors' independence is positively related to code of ethics policies related to communication with employees. Independence of the board is expression of supervising, supporting transparency and aiming to safeguard the best interests of all stakeholders, including employees.
One‐pot Electrochemical Synthesis of Ni Nanoparticles‐decorated Electroreduced Graphene Oxide for Improved NADH Sensing
Authors: Urhan Bingül Kurt , Öztürk Doğan Hülya , Öznülüer Özer Tuba , Demir Ümit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNi nanoparticles (NPs) decorated electrochemical reduced graphene oxide (NiNPs/ERGO) nanocomposites (NCs) on ITO electrode were successfully fabricated using one‐pot simultaneously electrochemical co‐reduction method at room temperature. The NiNPs/ERGO electrodes demonstrated very good electrocatalytic activity in the oxidation of NADH at a low oxidation potential (∼+430 mV), a wide linear range (1–500 μM), a calculated detection limit of 0.002 μM. Compared to ERGO and NiNPs electrodes, the synthesized NiNPs/ERGO NCs have high electrocatalytic activity due to synergistic effect emerged between NiNPs and ERGO. The results indicated that the NiNPs/ERGO NCs can be easily prepared by one‐pot electrochemical technique and NiNPs/ERGO could used to as potential biosensor for the NADH detection.