bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak and the emergency public health measures in Bosnia and Herzegovina: January – July, 2020
Authors: Hukic Mirsada , Ponjavic Mirza , Tahirovic Emin , Karabegovic Almir , Ferhatbegovic Elvir , Travar Maja , Serdarevic Fadila 
Published: October 2020

Between March 5 and July 25, 2020, the total number of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) was 10 090 corresponding to a cumulative incidence rate of 285.7 per 100 000 population. Demographic and clinical information on all the cases along with exposure and contact information was collected using a standardized case report form. In suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases, respiratory specimens were collected and tested by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. The dynamic of the outbreak was summarized using epidemiological curves, instantaneous reproduction number Rt and interactive choropleth maps for geographical distribution and spread. The rate of hospitalization was 14.0 % (790/5646) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBH) and 6.2 % (267/4299) in Republic of Srpska (RS). The death rate was 2.2% (122/5646) in FBH and 3.6% in the RS (155/4299). After the authorities lifted mandatory quarantine restrictions, the basic reproduction number increased from 1.13 on May, the 20th to 1.72 on May the 31st. The outbreak concerns both entities, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, and it is more pronounced in those aged 20-44 years. It is important to develop the communication and emergency plan for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in BH, including the mechanisms to allow the ongoing notification and updates at the national level.
A Response to Michael Spitzer's Commentary
Authors: Lahdelma Imre , Eerola Tuomas 
Published: October 2020

The authors respond to the commentary by Michael Spitzer which appeared in Vol. 14, No. 1-2 of Empirical Musicology Review. The response 1) points out the problem with equating nostalgia and tension in the perception of single chords, 2) makes a case for why studying the role of vertical harmony, isolated from other musical cues, is insightful, and 3) questions the relevance of appoggiaturas as an explanation for the perception of nostalgia in single chords.
HERITAGE ASSETS IN MALAYSIA: PERSPECTIVES OF MALAYSIAN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
Authors: Hafiz Rosli Mohamad , Kasim Nawal , Kamaluddin Amrizah 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This study discovered how the government agencies in responding to the accounting for HA, particularly the valuation and disclosure aspect of it.
Methodology: This study adopted a semi-structured face-to-face interview for data collection. Two government departments were identified as these departments have unique, special, and rare assets as compared to other government departments.
Main Results: Their perspective towards accounting for HA revealed that they were ready for HA valuation and in the process to recognize and value their HA. On top of that, policymakers needed to provide clear accounting guidelines and strengthen the recognition and measurement process, as well as the disclosure part of HA. Other factors, such as lack of technical knowledge and understanding among the factors could lead to the distortion of the accounting process. The agencies perceived that recognizing HA and disclosing it is important for public knowledge and the exposure towards the valuable national HA.
Implications: The finding of this study contributed to the existing literature on HA and could be the guideline to policymakers and preparers of public sector financial statements.
ACADEMIC STAFF TRAINING TRANSFER AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Fahad Sulaiman Ibrahim , Sheikh Abdisamad Najib , Sunday Oluwatosin Owolabi , Abdul Malik Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of training transfer to organizational performance through collaboration among academic staff. It provides a clear understanding of specific training transfer concepts and processes during their engagement in the university activities. Several issues affecting training transfer from the learning environment to impact the performance of academic staff were reported.
Methodology: A semi-structured interview among four academic staffs through a purposive sampling method. The qualitative analysis had been transcribed and coded. The data gained from the interviews were themed for the purpose of the analysis.
Main findings: The findings suggest that there should be training, honest communication, knowledge management, creating the right environment, identifying collaborative leaders, and making collaboration a natural part of the workflow. This was motivated by the increasing need to improve worker's skills through training which encompasses a significant aspect of the modern organization. It is concluded that deciphered training to improve specific task requirements. Therefore, monitoring training transfer provides organizations the opportunity to improve specific work environments and academician’s performance. It is recommended that training transfer and collaboration need to be an important aspect of the organizational process to improve performance outcomes.
Implications/Applications: This research is important for academic staff at the Faculty of leadership and management at (USIM) who participated in the research to enhance organizational performance. Therefore, it has provided insights to other academic staff to imitate and the authorities to create a room for achievement for the organization.
LAYERS OF DISCOURSE AND GENDER RELATION IN KHALED HOSSEINI'S A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS
Authors: Chaudhary Priyanka 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of the study: The research explores the gender relation and coercion on the marginalized section—women primarily due to socialized stereotypes in Hosseini's bestselling A Thousand Splendid Suns. The paper deciphers discrimination among the Muslim society of Afghanistan. It leads to how the filial and societal norms, which women are expected to upkeep, gradually develop revulsion and motivation for resilience to bring peace in filial relations.
Methodology: In the context of postcolonial and feminist literary debates, this research is framed by Discourse Analysis of Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Karl Marx, and Foucauldian theories on 'Othering,' alienation, and power relation.
Main Findings: It is found that the inflexible gendered roles in conventional Afghan society instigate the oppressed to cultivate insolence against cultural hierarchy. The female characters, three generations apart, an embodiment of Afghan women, show resilience against the discourses. Women, being more prone to being triply marginalized in the regimes of phallocentric norms—Taliban dictatorship, and western ideologies of Soviet and American government.
Applications of this study: The novel is chosen to discuss this problem as it demonstrates Afghan women's conflicts through the heart-rendering portrayal of their positions and roles in the community. The protagonists develop a sisterhood to raise voice against the cultural institutions to seek peace in filial relations.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novel is thoroughly examined under discourse related to gender relations and under feministic criticism, which is far apart when we talk about the women in third world countries. They try to gain their space and share not by keeping themselves in the centre similar to Eurocentric feminism; rather, they are more concerned with filial welfare instead of the 'self.'
EVOLUTION OF ANTHROPONYMS: TRANSFORMATION IN THE NAMING OF NEWBORN BABIES AND ITS ROLE FOR SOCIETY IN THE PERIOD OF LINGUISTIC TRANSITION
Authors: Aliakbarovа Aigerim , Madiyeva Gulmira , Xiao Chen 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of the study: The study is aiming to show that name is a kind of social identification code, i.e., the names serve important social and legal functions that contribute to the identification of the person in society, allowing joining various social institutions. The functioning of personal names plays a significant role in the lives of every member of society.
Methodology: The authors of the research article offer an empirical exploration of the transformation of naming newborns in the Republic of Kazakhstan. More specifically, the paper utilizes a grounded theory research procedure to investigate the transformations in the naming of newborn babies in Kazakhstan from the pre-Soviet times to the present.
Main Findings: The authors indicated that from the pre-Soviet times, the changes in naming systems in Kazakhstan have been consistent with the socio-cultural and political events of each era recognizing, appreciating, and accommodating Kazakh identities, histories, languages, and cultures. The names should serve as beacon lights that imbue in them self-esteem, health, and wellbeing on the path of their adulthood.
Applications of this study: The factual material, scientific results, and conclusions can be widely used in onomastic research, special courses on the theory of onomastics, on Kazakh anthroponymy, comparative onomastics, in lectures on semantics, word formation, lexicography. The results of the research can provide an opportunity for linguists, sociologists, psychologists, cultural scientists, etc. to draw appropriate conclusions on the formation of the national language and national consciousness.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The paper carries implications for contemporary anthroponyms. It is important to consider traditional thought as a viable knowledge source for naming newborns and conceptualizing research in anthroponyms, this does not mean the denunciation of newborn naming practices borrowed from other cultures in favor of traditional naming practices. Every newborn is named by the parents for a purpose and a reason.
Experience in Studying Seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 Virus in the Population of the Irkutsk Region during COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Mel’nikova A. A. , Balakhonov S. V. , Chesnokova M. V. , Dubrovina V. I. , Lyalina L. V. , Smirnov V. S. , Trukhina A. G. , Perezhogin A. N. , Pyatidesyatnikova A. B. , Bryukhova D. D. , Kiseleva N. O. , Gefan N. G. , Gavrilova O. V. , Gavrilova T. A. , Lomonosova V. I. , Totolyan A. A. 
Published: October 2020

Objective of the seroepidemiological study was to determine the level and structure of herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Irkutsk Region during the period of an increase in the incidence of COVID-19.Materials and methods. The content of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 was determined by ELISA applying a reagent panel “ELISA anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG” produced by the State Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (Obolensk).Results and discussion. The investigation has revealed that the herd immunity of the total population of Irkutsk Region amounted to 5.8 %. The greatest share of seropositive persons was among the children aged 14–17 (13.8 %) and 1–6 (11.8 %). It has been established that the risk of infection increases by 3.1 times in case of contact with COVID-19 patients. After exposure to COVID-19, antibodies were produced in 56.5 % of the cases. The share of asymptomatic forms among seropositive residents of the Irkutsk Region reached 81.2 %. Consequently, during the chosen period of increased COVID-19 incidence among the population of Irkutsk Region low level of seroprevalence was formed. A significant proportion of asymptomatic forms of infection characterize high intensity of the latently developing epidemic process. The results obtained can be used when organizing preventive measures, including vaccination, and for forecasting morbidity rates.
Phylogenetic History of Kara Kum Desert Focus
Authors: Eroshenko G. A. , Kukleva L. M. , Al’khova Zh. V. , Balykova A. N. , Popov N. V. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Chervyakova N. S. , Kutyrev V. V. 
Published: October 2020

Objective of the study was to analyze phylogenetic relation of the strains and dissemination routes of Yersinia pestis in Kara Kum desert focus in XX century.Materials and methods. We have carried out whole genome sequencing of 8 Yersinia pestis strains isolated in Kara Kum desert focus between 1949 and 1985. We also used nucleotide sequences of 16 Y. pestis strains from neighboring foci of East and North Caspian Sea region dated 1917–2002, sequenced at the premises of RusRAPI “Microbe” on Genestudio Ion S5XL platform (Thermo Fischer Scientific). Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on 1720 identified core SNPs. Phylogenetic dendrogram was constructed using Maximum Likelihood algorithm, PhyML v. 3.1 software package, and nucleotide substitution model GTR.Results and discussion. On the basis of whole-genome SNP analysis of Y. pestis strains from Kara Kum desert focus, West and North Caspian Sea region foci analysis of plague agent populations circulating in Turkmenistan in XX century was conducted. It has been demonstrated that three separate waves of Y. pestis dissemination swept the territory of Kara Kum desert focus. The origin of the first one, registered in 1912, plague outbreak in south-eastern part of the focus and its etiological agent remain unspecified so far. The second wave is associated with distribution of North-Aral 2.MED1 population of medieval biovar in 1949–1970, which led to the emergence of epizootic activity in 1949, as well as subsequent cases and outbreaks of plague in this territory in the middle of the XX century. In the mid-second half of the past century, one more 2. MED1 dissemination wave from the North Balkhash region hit the Kara Kum desert focus. This central-asian population has also taken root in the natural biocoenosis of the Kara Kum focus. The data obtained testify to active processes of distribution of Y. pestis of medieval biovar in East Caspian Sea region in southern sub-zone of Eurasian deserts in XX century.
Characterization of Immunogenic and Protective Properties of the Modified Variants of the Strain Francisella tularensis 15 NIIEG
Authors: Kartseva A. S. , Kalmantaeva O. V. , Silkina M. V. , Kombarova T. I. , Pavlov V. M. , Mokrievich A. N. , Firstova V. V. 
Published: October 2020

Francisella tularensis is an intracellular bacterium that causes tularemia. Progress in creating a safe and effective vaccine for the prevention of tularemia is challenging due to a lack of knowledge about immunological parameters indicative of protective adaptive immunity. Objective of the research was to assess the effect of modifications of the F. tularensis 15 NIIEG genome on the immunogenic and protective properties of F. tularensis 15/23-1ΔrecA and F. tularensis 15/23-1/sodBΔrecA strains. Materials and methods. Multi-parameter flow cytometry and the measurement of secreted cytokines were used to characterize the responses of mouse spleen lymphocytes in response to re-stimulation of F. tularensis with acid-insoluble complex (AIC) in vitro. Also, the titers of specific antibodies to F. tularensis lipopolysaccharide in blood serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results and discussion. It has been shown that immunization with the studied strains led to a significant increase in CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells capable of expressing functional markers: CD69, CD25 and/or CD28; an increase in the subpopulation of T-helpers synthesizing IFN-γ. In the body of immune mice, a pool of B-lymphocytes was formed, capable of secreting IFN-γ in response to their stimulation with AIC. Immunization with the strain 15/23-1/sodBΔrecA provided 70% protection in mice from intranasal infection with a virulent strain of F. tularensis SchuS4. More pronounced protective properties were associated with the activation of not only B-lymphocytes and T-helpers, but also with the simultaneous activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.
Impact of Diabetes on 90-Day Episodes of Care After Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Na Annalisa , Middleton Addie , Haas Allen , Graham James E. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
In an effort to improve quality and reduce costs, reimbursement for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the United States is being based on the value of care provided, with adjustments for some qualifying comorbidities, including diabetes in its most severe form and excluding many diabetes codes. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of diabetes on elective TKA or THA complications and readmission risks among Medicare beneficiaries.

Methods:
Complication (n = 521,230) and readmission (n = 515,691) data were extracted from Medicare files in 2013 and 2014. Diabetes status (no diabetes, controlled-uncomplicated diabetes, controlled-complicated diabetes, and uncontrolled diabetes) was identified with ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision) codes. TKA or THA complications and readmission odds based on diabetes status were estimated using logistic regression and adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including comorbidities.

Results:
Compared with no diabetes, the odds ratio (OR) of TKA complications was significantly higher for uncontrolled diabetes (1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 1.57). The OR of THA complications was significantly higher for controlled-complicated diabetes (1.45, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.80). The OR of readmission was significantly higher for all diabetes groups (1.21 to 1.48 for TKA, 1.20 to 1.70 for THA).

Conclusions:
Readmission odds were higher in all diabetes categories. The uncontrolled-diabetes group had the greatest TKA readmission and complication odds. The controlled-complicated diabetes group had the greatest THA readmission and complication odds. The findings suggest that including diabetes and associated systemic complications in cost adjustments in alternative payment models for arthroplasty should be considered.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Needs Assessment for Postgraduate Training in Selected Public Health Disciplines: Evidence from Health Services Organisations in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Bulawayo Maio , Silumbwe Adam , Munakampe Margarate Nzala , Mukumbuta Nawa , Musabula Juliet , Chewe Mwimba , Mweemba Chris , Michelo Charles , Hangoma Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: As most low and middle-income countries seek to achieve universal health coverage targets, there is an ever-increasing need to train human resources with the required core skills and competencies. This study reports on a needs assessment conducted among health services organisations (HSOs) to understand postgraduate training needs and service gaps for selected public health disciplines – Health Policy and Systems, Health Economics, and Healthcare Management and Planning – at the University of Zambia. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional design, comprising qualitative and quantitative components. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews administered to 32 representatives of purposively sampled public and private health service organisations based in Lusaka Zambia. The health services organisations included regulatory authorities, research institutions, government ministries, insurance firms and other cooperating partners. Results: Overall (n=22), more than 68% of the stakeholders reported that they had no employees that were formally trained in the three disciplines. More than 90% of the stakeholders opined that training in these disciplines would be beneficial in providing competencies to strengthen service provision. The horizontal skills mismatch for health economics, and health services management and planning were found to be 93% and 100%, respectively. Among the key public health training needs were: policy development and analysis, economic evaluation, and strategic management. Conclusions: This study confirms that introducing post graduate training in the proposed public health disciplines will not only benefit Zambian health services organisations, but also help strengthen the health systems in general. For other empirical contexts, the findings imply the need for the introduction of academic programmes which respond to ever-changing public health skills demanded; and should be matched with local priorities and service delivery.
The DLC-1 tumor suppressor is involved in regulating immunomodulation of human mesenchymal stromal /stem cells through interacting with the Notch1 protein
Authors: Na Tao , Zhang Kehua , Yuan Bao-Zhu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundImmunomodulatory activities of human mesenchymal stromal /stem cells (hMSCs) has been widely recognized as the most critical function of hMSCs for exerting its therapeutic effects. However, the detailed mechanisms responsible for regulating the immunomodulation of hMSCs still remain largely unknown. Previous studies revealed that the Notch1 protein exerted a pro-immunomodulatory function probably through interacting with the protein(s) subjective to proteasome-mediated protein degradation. The DLC-1 protein represents a well characterized tumor suppressor subjective to proteasome-mediated degradation. However, the detailed signaling pathway of Notch1 and the involvement of DLC-1 in regulating the immunomodulation of hMSCs have not been studied before.MethodsThe transfection with cDNA or siRNA into hMSCs assisted by co-culture of hMSCs with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and small molecule inhibitors of signaling proteins, followed by immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and flowcytometry, were employed to characterize the Notch1 signaling, to identify DLC-1 as a candidate proteasome-targeted protein, and to characterize DLC-1 signaling pathway and its interaction with the Notch1 signaling, in the regulation of immunomodulation of hMSCs, specifically, the inhibition of pro-inflammatory CD4+-Th1 lymphocytes, and the release of immunomodulatory molecule IDO1.Statistical analysisOne-way ANOVA was utilized as a statistical tool to analyze the data presented as means ± SEM of at least three separate experiments.ResultsThe present study revealed that the Notch1-Hey1 axis, but not the Notch1-Hes1 axis, was likely responsible for mediating the pro-immunomodulatory function of the Notch1 signaling. The DLC-1 protein was found subjective to proteasome-mediated protein degradation mediated by the DDB1 and FBXW5 E3 ligases and served as an inhibitor of the immunomodulation of hMSCs through inhibiting Rock1, but not Rock2, downstream the DLC-1 signaling. The Notch1 signaling in the Notch1-Hey1 pathway and the DLC-1 signaling in the DLC-1-Rock1-FBXW5 pathway exhibited a mutual exclusion interaction in the regulation of immunomodulation of hMSCs.ConclusionsThe present study uncovers a novel function of DLC-1 tumor suppressor in regulating the immunomodulation of hMSCs. It also proposes a novel mutual exclusion mechanism between the DLC-1 signaling and the Notch1 signaling that is possibly responsible for fine-tuning the immunomodulation of hMSCs with different clinical implications in hMSCs therapy.