bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical insights of the mylohyoid for clinical procedures in dentistry
Authors: Ryu Eun‐Jin , Kim Da‐Hye 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study is to provide useful data by conducting a comprehensive study of the mylohyoid muscle and its related structures.Materials and methodsFifty‐eight mandibles and 30 mylohyoid muscles from Korean adult cadavers were used. The shape and location of the mylohyoid line were analyzed by using digital calipers. The mylohyoid muscle and its herniation were observed using ultrasonography. After dissection, morphometric measurements of the muscle and herniation were conducted. The distribution pattern of the nerve to mylohyoid muscle was confirmed.ResultsThe proportion of the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the mylohyoid line decreased from the mesiolingual cusp of the mandibular first molar (1:0.57) to the distolingual cusp of the mandibular second molar (1:0.41). The mylohyoid muscle was large, thick, and deep in men. Herniation was observed in 16 (53.3%) cases, and it was concentrated in the anterior one‐third (52.2%) of the muscle. The richest arborization of the nerve to mylohyoid muscle was in the middle one‐third (52.9%) of the muscle.ConclusionsThe results of the mylohyoid line can be applied in the reconstruction of the occlusal plane in edentulous patients. Differences between the sexes should be considered in the morphological characteristics of the mylohyoid muscle. Differential diagnosis of herniation is particularly important in the anterior one‐third of the muscle. In the case of treatment with botulinum toxin in the mylohyoid muscle, it is recommended to inject into the middle one‐third area considering the depth and thickness of the muscle in that area.
Prognostic significance for colorectal carcinoid tumors based on the 8th edition TNM staging system
Authors: Gong Piqing , Chen Chunhua , Wang Zhan , Zhang Xukun , Hu Wenxin , Hu Zhiqian , Li Xinxing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of our study was to explore the value of the 8th edition TNM staging system on evaluating the prognosis of colorectal carcinoid. Colorectal carcinoid patients between 1988 and 2015 were selected in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database for analysis. About 4286 patients with colorectal carcinoid tumors were identified, of which were carcinoid tumor NOS (n = 1726), neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) (n = 1346) and other carcinoid tumor (OCT) (n = 591). Worsening 10‐year CSS rates with increasing N status, M status, and SEER historic stage were demonstrated across all three above groups (all P < .05). In carcinoid tumor NOS, significant differences in CSS were found with increasing combined 8th AJCC stages (P < .001), except for that between stage II and stage III (10‐year CSS rate: 82.6% vs 84.3%, P = .68). While combined 8th TNM stage in NEC and OTC exhibited greater separations in CSS despite on‐going overlaps between groups. For carcinoid tumor NOS, stage II (HR = 3.37; 95% CI: 0.97‐11.76), and stage III (HR = 2.09; 95% CI: 0.51‐8.66) conferred no significant difference in CSS compared with stage I, while stage IV had an increasing HR of 5.09 (95% CI: 1.08‐24.08). Although combined 8th AJCC stage had a good ability to distinguish 10‐year CSS of patients with NEC or OCT, detailed 8th AJCC stage did not seem to be applicable. Detailed 8th AJCC categories of advanced stages in all the three groups conferred increased HRs with overlapping CIs. However, in the early and middle status, HRs did not increase with the increase of stages, or there was no difference in HRs between adjacent stages. Combined 8th TNM stage was not practical for judging the survival outcomes of colorectal carcinoid tumor NOS, especially in patients with stages II and III, but it provided useful prognostic information for NEC and OCT. However, for all carcinoid tumors, the prognostic values of detailed 8th AJCC stage were not enough accurate in the clinic. More optimized staging methods should be developed and validated in the future.
Effect of Photocaged Isopropyl β‐d‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside Solubility on the Light Responsiveness of LacI‐controlled Expression Systems in Different Bacteria
Authors: Hogenkamp Fabian , Hilgers Fabienne , Knapp Andreas , Klaus Oliver , Bier Claus , Binder Dennis , Jaeger Karl‐Erich , Drepper Thomas , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotolabile protecting groups play a significant role in controlling biological functions and cellular processes in living cells and tissues, as light offers high spatiotemporal control, is non‐invasive as well as easily tuneable. In the recent past, photo‐responsive inducer molecules such as 6‐nitropiperonyl‐caged IPTG (NP‐cIPTG) have been used as optochemical tools for Lac repressor‐controlled microbial expression systems. To further expand the applicability of the versatile optochemical on‐switch, we have investigated whether the modulation of cIPTG water solubility can improve the light responsiveness of appropriate expression systems in bacteria. To this end, we developed two new cIPTG derivatives with different hydrophobicity and demonstrated both an easy applicability for the light‐mediated control of gene expression and a simple transferability of this optochemical toolbox to the biotechnologically relevant bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis. Notably, the more water‐soluble cIPTG derivative proved to be particularly suitable for light‐mediated gene expression in these alternative expression hosts.
Covalent Linkage and Macrocylization Preserve and Enhance Synergistic Interactions in Catalytic Amyloids
Authors: Lengyel‐Zhand Zsofia , Marshall Liam R. , Jung Maximilian , Jayachandran Megha , Kim Min‐Chul , Kriews Austin , Makhlynets Olga V. , Fry H. Christopher , Geyer Armin , Korendovych Ivan V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe self‐assembly of short peptides into catalytic amyloid‐like nanomaterials has proven to be a powerful tool in both understanding the evolution of early proteins and identifying new catalysts for practically useful chemical reactions. Here we demonstrate that both parallel and antiparallel arrangements of β‐sheets can accommodate metal ions in catalytically productive coordination environments. Moreover, synergistic relationships, identified in catalytic amyloid mixtures, can be captured in macrocyclic and sheet‐loop‐sheet species, that offer faster rates of assembly and provide more complex asymmetric arrangements of functional groups, thus paving the way for future designs of amyloid‐like catalytic proteins. Our findings show how initial catalytic activity in amyloid assemblies can be propagated and improved in more‐complex molecules, providing another link in a complex evolutionary chain between short, potentially abiotically produced peptides and modern‐day enzymes.
A case report of a drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) caused by multiple antidepressants with causality established by the updated Roussel Uclaf causality assessment method (RUCAM) and in vitro testing
Authors: González‐Muñoz Miguel , Monserrat Villatoro Jaime , Marín‐Serrano Eva , Stewart Stefan , Bardón Rivera Belén , Marín Jesús , Martínez de Soto Lucía , Seco Meseguer Enrique , Ramírez Elena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 56‐year‐old female patient was hospitalized because of a lack of response and poor tolerance to multiple antidepressants, which included an episode of DILI. During hospitalization, the patient suffered another episode of DILI. Causality was assessed both by RUCAM and Lymphocyte Transformation Test, allowing to identify a safer medication.
Mystery of the lost gallstone‐Part 2
Authors: Boulas Konstantinos A. , Paraskeva Aikaterini , Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Nathanailidou Maria , Chatzipourganis Konstantinos , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIf gallbladder perforation occurs during cholecystectomy, every spilled gallstone should be retrieved to minimize possible late gallstone‐related complications.
Recyclable Polyisobutylene‐Bound HMPA as an Organocatalyst in Recyclable Poly(α‐olefin) Solvents
Authors: Fu Ying‐Hua , Bergbreiter David E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis of a PIB‐bound hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) analog and its applications as a recyclable catalyst in allylation of aldehydes and reduction of enones in a recyclable poly(α‐olefin) (PAO) polymeric solvent. Kinetic studies of the allylation reaction show that this PIB‐bound HMPA analog is as active as HMPA in dichloromethane and PAO and that this PIB‐bound catalyst is comparably reactive in heptane and in a PAO solvent. The PIB‐bound HMPA catalyst has high phase selective solubility in PAO versus a polar solvent. By using this catalyst in a nonvolatile separable PAO solvent, this catalyst recyclability can be coupled to solvent recyclability, something that is less feasible in a conventional heptane solvent. The result is good recycling of catalyst and solvent through at least 5 cycles using simple gravity‐based liquid/liquid extractions. This is in contrast to HMPA or conventional solvents which are less recyclable.
Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 Ceramic Based Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries with High Cycling Stability Enabled by a Dual Confinement Effect for Polysulfides
Authors: Wang Qing , Lu Yang , Jin Jun , Chen Chunhua , Wen Zhaoyin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimed at tackling the shuttle effect in lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries, a Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) ceramic is adopted to block the migration of polysulfides. However, the LAGP‐based Li−S battery with liquid electrolyte wetting the interfaces still suffers from rapid capacity decay, as polysulfides tend to dissolve into liquid electrolyte and get firmly adsorbed by LAGP. In this work, a dual confinement effect for polysulfides is put forward, enabled by the LAGP ceramic and solvent‐in‐salt (SIS), wherein the SIS can greatly suppress the dissolution of polysulfides. Owing to the synergistic effect of SIS and LAGP, the semi‐solid‐state Li−S batteries show superior capacity retention and long cycling life. In particular, at a current density of 0.2 C, the Li−S battery with SIS‐modified LAGP ceramic electrolyte delivers a high initial reversible capacity of 1251.7 mAh g−1 and long cycle life of over 250 cycles with a decay rate of only 0.07 % per cycle.
Ball‐Milling Strategy for Fast and Stable Potassium‐Ion Storage in Antimony‐Carbon Composite Anodes
Authors: Ji Fengjun , Liu Tianqi , Li Yanzhao , Li Deping , Ci Lijie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have been considered as promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries in large‐scale energy storage systems owing to the high earth abundance and low cost of potassium resources. However, the large radius of the K ion hinders the development of suitable electrode materials. Herein, with commercial antimony (Sb) and mesoCarbon microbead (MCMB) powders as low‐cost raw materials, a facile ball‐milling strategy is developed for constructing high‐performance Sb−C composite electrodes. The as‐prepared Sb@MCMB‐3 electrode exhibits high reversible capacity (525.4 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1), superior rate capability (293.9 mAh g−1 at 5000 mA g−1) and stable cycling performance (497.5 mAh g−1 after 80 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and 300.1 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1.0 A g−1). With consecutive CV measurements, the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and Randle‐Sevcik equation, the K‐ion diffusion kinetics are insightfully evaluated. Therefore, this work may broaden the pathways for the commercialization of PIBs.
PEO‐b‐PS Block Copolymer Templated Mesoporous Carbons: A Comparative Study of Nitrogen and Sulfur Doping in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Perazzolo Valentina , Daniel Giorgia , Brandiele Riccardo , Picelli Luca , Rizzi Gian Andrea , Isse Abdirisak Ahmed , Durante Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCarbon materials slightly doped with heteroatoms such as nitrogen (N‐RFC) or sulfur (S‐RFC) are investigated as active catalysts for the electrochemical bielectronic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to H2O2. Mesoporous carbons with wide, accessible pores were prepared by pyrolysis of a resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin using a PEO‐b‐PS block copolymer as a sacrificial templating agent and the nitrogen and sulfur doping were accomplished in a second thermal treatment employing 1,10‐phenanthroline and dibenzothiophene as nitrogen and sulfur precursors, respectively. The synthetic strategy allowed to obtain carbon materials with very high surface area and mesopore volume without any further physicochemical post treatment. Voltammetric rotating ring‐disk measurements in combination with potentiostatic and galvanostatic bulk electrolysis measurements in 0.5 m H2SO4 demonstrated a pronounced effect of heteroatom doping and mesopores volume on the catalytic activity and selectivity for H2O2. N‐RFC electrode was employed as electrode material in a 45 h electrolysis showing a constant H2O2 production of 298 mmol g−1 h−1 (millimoles of H2O2 divided by mass of catalyst and electrolysis time), with a faradic efficiency (FE) up to 61 % and without any clear evidence of degradation. The undoped carbon RFC showed a lower production rate (218 mmol g−1 h−1) but a higher FE of 76 %, while the performances drastically dropped when S‐RFC (production rate 11 mmol g−1 h−1 and FE=39 %) was used.
Enhanced Energy Density of Coaxial Fiber Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on MoS2@Fe2O3/Carbon Nanotube Paper and Ni(OH)2@NiCo2O4/Carbon Nanotube Fiber Electrodes
Authors: He Hang , Yang Xijia , Wang Liying , Zhang Xueyu , Li Xuesong , Lü Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFiber supercapacitors are promising energy storage devices for potential application in wearable and miniaturized portable electronics, which currently suffer from difficulties in achieving high capacitance and energy density synchronously owing to the limited specific surface area of the electrode materials and material incompatibility between the two electrodes. Herein, a strategy is developed for the manufacture of coaxial asymmetric fiber supercapacitors by wrapping a core of PVA‐KOH gel electrolyte‐coated Ni(OH)2@NiCo2O4/CNT fibers with MoS2@Fe2O3/CNT paper. The as‐prepared coaxial fiber asymmetric supercapacitors exhibit a specific capacitance of 373 mF cm−2 (at a current density of 2 mA cm−2) and energy density of 0.13 mW h cm−2 (at a power density of 3.2 mW cm−2), and also show good rate capability, long cycle life, and excellent flexibility. This work provides the possibility for the practical application of fiber supercapacitors in wearable and portable energy storage equipment.
Vessel to shore data movement through the Internet of Floating Things: A microservice platform at the edge
Authors: Di Luccio Diana , Kosta Sokol , Castiglione Aniello , Maratea Antonio , Montella Raffaele 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe rise of the Internet of Things has generated high expectations about the improvement in people's lifestyles. In the last decade, we saw several examples of instrumented cities where different types of data were gathered, processed, and made available to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers. In this framework, sensors and actuators became leading actors of technologically pervasive urban environments. However, in coastal areas, marine data crowdsourcing is difficult to apply due to the challenging operational conditions, extremely unstable network connectivity, and security issues in data movement. To fill this gap, we present a novel version of our DYNAMO transfer protocol (DTP), a platform‐independent data mover framework where data collected on board of vessels are stored locally and then moved from the edge to the cloud when the operating conditions are favorable. We evaluate the performance of DTP in a controlled environment with a private cloud by measuring the time it takes for the clouds ide to process and store a fixed amount of data while varying the number of microservice instances. We show that the time decreases exponentially when the number of microservice instances goes from 1 to 16 and it remains constant above that number.
Towards general Internet of Vehicles networking: Routing protocols survey
Authors: Ksouri Chahrazed , Jemili Imen , Mosbah Mohamed , Belghith Abdelfettah 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe specific characteristics of vehicular ad hoc networks, such as high speed of nodes and frequent topology changes, impose challenges for the routing process. In addition, the advent of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) concept along with the autonomous and connected cars contribute to the proliferation of new innovative applications with different quality of service requirements, rising new challenging issues for data transfer. In this article, we review the different taxonomies of vehicular routing protocols, while giving an insight into the design of geographical protocols. Then, we outline several optimization techniques and paradigms used to enhance the routing process. Moreover, in order to promote the deployment of robust IoV routing protocols at large scale, we provide some directions for future research work.
Fatigue‐Resistant, Notch‐Insensitive Zwitterionic Polymer Hydrogels with High Self‐Healing Ability
Authors: Yang Jianbo , Du Yongxu , Li Xuelin , Qiao Congde , Jiang Haihui , Zheng Jiyong , Lin Cunguo , Liu Libin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroducing self‐healing properties into hydrogels can prolong their application lifetime. However, achieving mechanical strength without sacrificing self‐healing properties is still a major challenge. We prepared a series of zwitterionic polymer hydrogels by random copolymerization of zwitterionic ionic monomer (SBMA), cationic monomer (DAC) and hydrophilic monomer (HEMA). The ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds formed in the hydrogels can efficiently dissipate energy and rebuild the network. The resulting hydrogels show high mechanical strength (289–396 KPa of fracture stress, 433–864 % of fracture stress) and have great fatigue resistance. The hydrogel with a 1 : 1 molar ratio of SBMA:DAC possesses the best self‐healing properties (self‐healing efficiency up to 96.5 % at room temperature for 10 h). The self‐healing process is completely spontaneous and does not require external factors to assist. In addition, the hydrogel also possesses notch insensitivity with a fracture energy of 12000 J m−2. After combining the conductivity of RGO aerogel, the hydrogel/RGO composites show good strain sensitivity with high reliability and self‐healing ability, which has certain significance in broadening the application of these zwitterionic hydrogels.
Reprogramming Urine‐Derived Cells Using Commercially Available Self‐Replicative RNA and a Single Electroporation
Authors: Bouma Marga J. , Arendzen Christiaan H. , Mummery Christine L. , Mikkers Harald , Freund Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe a protocol for efficient generation of human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from urine‐derived cells (UDCs) obtained from adult donors using self‐replicative RNA containing the reprogramming factors OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, GLIS1, and c‐MYC (ReproRNA‐OKSGM). After electroporation, transfection efficiency is quantified by measuring OCT3/4‐expressing UDCs using flow cytometry and should be ≥0.1%. hiPSC colonies emerge within 3 weeks after transfection and express multiple pluripotency markers. Moreover, the UDC‐derived hiPSCs are able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers and display normal karyotypes. ReproRNA‐OKSGM is available commercially and only requires a single transfection step so that the protocol is readily accessible, as well as straightforward. In addition to a detailed step‐by‐step description for generating clonal hiPSCs from UDCs using ReproRNA‐OKSGM, we provide guidance for basic pluripotency characterization of the hiPSC lines. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol: Reprogramming of urine‐derived cells using ReproRNA‐OKSGMSupport Protocol 1: Determination of the pluripotency status of hiPSCs by flow cytometrySupport Protocol 2: Characterization of functional pluripotency of hiPSCs
Simple Workflow and Comparison of Media for hPSC‐Cardiomyocyte Cryopreservation and Recovery
Authors: Miller Duncan C. , Genehr Carolin , Telugu Narasimha S. , Kurths Silke , Diecke Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGreat progress has been made with protocols for the differentiation and functional application of hPSC‐cardiomyocytes (hPSC‐CMs) in recent years; however, the cryopreservation and recovery of hPSC‐CMs still presents challenges and few reports describe in detail the protocols and general workflow. In order to facilitate cryopreservation and recovery of hPSC‐CMs for a wide range of applications, we provide detailed information and step‐by‐step protocols. The protocols are simple and use common reagents. They are comprised of a fast dissociation, cryopreservation using standard equipment, and gentle recovery following thawing. We discuss various features of the protocols, as well as their utilization in the context of common hPSC‐CM differentiation and application workflows. Finally, we compare two proprietary and two common in‐house formulations of cryopreservation media used for hPSC‐CMs, and despite differences in their price and composition find broadly similar recovery rates and cellular function after thawing. © 2019 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Dissociation and cryopreservation of hPSC‐CMsBasic Protocol 2: Thawing and recovery of cryogenically frozen hPSC‐CMs
Role of Drugs Used for Chronic Disease Management on Susceptibility and Severity of COVID‐19: A Large Case‐Control Study
Authors: Yan Huadong , Valdes Ana M. , Vijay Amrita , Wang Shanbo , Liang Lili , Yang Shiqing , Wang Hongxia , Tan Xiaoyan , Du Jingyuan , Jin Susu , Huang Kecheng , Jiang Fanrong , Zhang Shun , Zheng Nanhong , Hu Yaoren , Cai Ting , Aithal Guruprasad P. 
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to investigate whether specific medications used in the treatment chronic diseases affected either the development and/ or severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in a cohort of 610 COVID‐19 cases and 48,667 population‐based controls from Zhejiang, China. Using a cohort of 578 COVID‐19 cases and 48,667 population‐based controls from Zhejiang, China, we tested the role of usage of cardiovascular, antidiabetic, and other medications on risk and severity of COVID‐19. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index and for presence of relevant comorbidities. Individuals with hypertension taking calcium channel blockers had significantly increased risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–2.3) of manifesting symptoms of COVID‐19, whereas those taking angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics had significantly lower disease risk (OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.15–0.30 and OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.19–0.58, respectively). Among those with type 2 diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (OR = 6.02, 95% CI 2.3–15.5) and insulin (OR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.6–5.5) were more and glucosidase inhibitors were less prevalent (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.1–0.3) among with patients with COVID‐19. Drugs used in the treatment of hypertension and diabetes influence the risk of development of COVID‐19, but, not its severity.