bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edward R. Roybal Centers for Translational Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences of Aging
Authors: Onken Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The goal of the Roybal Center program is the translation and integration of basic behavioral and social research findings into interventions to improve older people ‘s lives and the capacity of institutions to adapt to societal aging. Roybal Centers are structured within the conceptual framework of the multidirectional, translational NIH Stage Model to produce potent and implementable principle-driven behavioral interventions. The NIA’s Division of Behavioral and Social Research currently supports thirteen Roybal Centers, five of which have a primary focus on issues related to dementia care and caregiving support. Each Dementia Care Center has a unique focus that addresses issues such as social isolation, caregiving mastery, community-based resources and racial/ethnic minority health promotion. Additionally, a focus on the utilization of data science and behavioral economics related to palliative care, as well as a focus on the application of technology to improve assessments and interventions complete the scope of research endeavors.
Not Just Sitting By: Family Caregivers’ Perspectives on Triadic Communication
Authors: Washington Karla 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Most studies of communication in gerontology and palliative care focus on dyadic communication. In reality, encounters in palliative oncology very often involve three or more people: a healthcare professional, a patient, and a family caregiver. This triadic communication differs in important ways from communication involving only two parties. In this secondary analysis of qualitative data collected during a randomized controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention for family caregivers receiving palliative oncology services, researchers explored family caregivers’ (n = 63) perspectives on triadic communication encounters involving themselves, the patient and one or more clinicians. Family caregivers tended to appreciate clinicians’ efforts to involve them in communication, rather than regarding them as “just sitting by” the patient. Many perceived that their own wishes regarding information provision were often ignored and reported that their own coping and wellbeing were not often assessed outside of encounters with the specialist palliative care team.
Use of Home Care Services Reduces Caregiving-Related Strain in Long-Distance Caregivers
Authors: Falzarano Francesca , Cimarolli Verena , Boerner Kathrin , Horowitz Amy , Siedlecki Karen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Long-distance caregivers (LDCs) comprise a growing yet relatively understudied segment of the caregiving population. The current study (N=166) investigated the mediating role of home care hours on the association between primary caregiving stressors (care recipient [CR] levels of cognitive and functional impairment) and LDCs’ perceived strain (perceived interference of caregiving with other family responsibilities and work). Results from path analyses showed that home care hours fully mediated the negative effect of CRs’ functional impairment on family interference and the negative effect of CRs’ cognitive impairment on work interference. Further, the negative effect of CRs’ cognitive impairment on family interference was partially mediated by home care hours. Thus, a mediating role of home care service hours in the associations between objective stressors and LDC strain was established for both family and work domains. Findings highlight the potential of home care services in alleviating strain in LDCs of community-dwelling CRs.
Formal and Informal Caregiving: Implications for Paid Family Caregivers Under the Consumer-Directed Model
Authors: Gallopyn Naomi , Boerner Kathrin , Iezzoni Lisa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The case of paid family caregiving under the consumer-directed model introduces unique complexities to patient care, especially in the presence of other formal caregiving. The purpose of this study was to address the interface of paid and family caregiving by exploring scenarios where the two types of caregiving overlap or are merged into one role. Participants were 20 formal caregivers and 21 persons with significant disability, recruited with a purposive sampling approach. In-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted with caregivers and patients to triangulate information from different perspectives. Thematic analysis uncovered pathways into formal caregiving that involved a history of family caregiving, transitions from informal family caregiving to formal family caregiving under the consumer-directed model, and challenges that emerged when formal and informal caregivers co-exist in the same environment. Implications for patient and caregiver experiences in care contexts where the boundaries between paid and unpaid care are blurred are discussed.
Challenges and Insights: Psychosocial Stressors, Physiology, and Health Disparities
Authors: Allen Julie Ober , Mezuk Briana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The persistence of health disparities demonstrates the need for more comprehensive research to better understand key methodological approaches and intervention leverage points among the complex relationships between psychosocial, environmental, and biological factors influencing patterns of health among older adults. Growing empirical evidence implicates differential exposure to chronic stressors that are rooted in the social environment and related social inequities in premature aging and development of chronic diseases among socially marginalized groups. This, in turn, leads to health disparities within the older adult population. Mechanisms linking stressors and health, however, remain poorly understood. This symposium assembles research examining challenges associated with measuring exposure to stressors, relationships between stressors and health outcomes, and the insight provided by stress-based frameworks for understanding mechanisms of health disparities. Allen and colleagues use comprehensive measures of exposure to stressors to identify stressor characteristics most closely associated with diurnal cortisol dysregulation and Black-White disparities, which are risk factors for adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes. Kalesnikava and colleagues will introduce methods for exploring relationships between self-reported stress and another cortisol stress biomarker—cortisol reactivity to an acute stress event. Byrd and colleagues round out the symposium with a presentation on the directionality of relationships between perceived stress and depressive symptoms contributing to health disparities among Blacks. Discussant Jackson will explore implications of these studies for more nuanced research related to mechanisms of health disparities and for more targeted approaches to the prevention of health disparities among older adults.
Leisure Barriers Among Older Adults in Low-Income Housing: Demographic, Health, and Contextual Correlates
Authors: Sardina Angela , Tan Shyuan Ching , Gamaldo Alyssa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite increased research pertaining to the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial benefits of leisure engagement, few studies have explored leisure barriers experienced by older adults residing in subsidized housing, and how these barriers relate to sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial characteristics. Thirty-nine Black and White residents (M=68.01, SD=10.26) from two subsidized housing communities (Wilmington, NC and State College, PA) were surveyed as part of the Tailoring Environments for Active Life Engagement study. Findings indicated that lack of available activities and low awareness of activities, limited social connections, and transportation were the most common barriers identified. Additionally, individuals with lesser years of education and poorer quality of education, worse mental and physical health, poorer cognitive function, as well as those experiencing loneliness and social isolation reported significantly more leisure barriers (ps &lt;.05). More research is needed that examines micro-, meso-, and macro-level factors associated with leisure participation for older low-income housing residents.
East Meets West: Developing Support Systems to Meet the Diverse Needs of Older Adults in the United States and in China
Authors: Wu Bei , Lu Jiehua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the rapid growth of the aging population around the world, developing support systems for older adults has become increasingly important. It is crucial for researchers， educators, policy makers to share their experience and knowledge to initiate innovative and supportive programs and services that will meet the challenges of the aging population. The East meets West Forum is a platform that researchers from the Gerontological Society of America and the Chinese Association for Gerontology and Geriatrics established in 2017. Previously, the East meets West Forum focused on the issues of the long-term care (LTC) workforce, LTC services, and programs for older adults in the U.S and in China. In this session, we include four presentations (two from the U.S. and two from China) that focus on a broader area of support systems, beyond LTC, that would meet the diverse needs of older adults from housing, wellness visits, family caregiving system, to end of life care. More specially, it includes: 1) expand housing services for low-income older adults; 2) strengthen family support systems and promote intergenerational support; 3) develop a comprehensive program for early detection and treatment of dementia at primary care settings; and 4) examine diversity in the family care patterns for the oldest old. This session provides opportunities for aging researchers/educators from two countries to share their knowledge and experience on developing supportive systems for older adults and their families. It also provides policy discussions on improving health and family caregiver support services in these two countries.
Exploring Longitudinal Links and Mechanisms Connecting Views on Aging With Health in Later Life
Authors: Brothers Allyson , Wurm Susanne , Ayalon Liat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A robust body of evidence points to the importance of views on aging (VoA) in influencing developmental outcomes in later life. Now that this connection has been well-established, research has turned to examine mechanisms, processes, and pathways by which VoA and health are interconnected throughout adult development. The presentations in this symposium use longitudinal datasets to address the pressing question of how VoA and health are associated over time. Timescales range from 6-months post-hospital stay, to 9 year longitudinal follow-up. Presentations will provide evidence concerning both physical and mental health conditions and symptoms (e.g., Brothers et al; Schönstein et al.). Furthermore, the studies focus on various aging outcomes, ranging from functional ability (Brothers et al.) to recovery from hospital stays (Blawert et al.), to sensory loss (Wettstein et al.), to specific medical conditions including depression, back pain, rheumatism (Schönstein et al.). Three of the talks provide evidence for the effects of VoA on health, and one presents evidence of specific health conditions as longitudinal predictors of later VoA. Thus, an important question that this cohesive set of talks will raise is the issue of bi-directionality, by which VoA affect health, and vice versa. Concluding the symposium, the discussant will share insights about how these presentations contribute to the current understanding of mechanisms of the associations between VoA and health, and the role of VoA for ageism. She will additionally provide an overview of new areas for future research that can help to advance the understanding of these complex interactions.
Desire for Spiritual Growth: A Neglected Outcome Variable
Authors: Patrick Julie Hicks , Ebert Alexandria , Carney Amy Knepple 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social support facilitates reaching health-related goals, but has rarely been examined in relation to achieving religious/spiritual (R/S) goals. Using data from 300+ adults (M age = 40.3, range 18 to 87 yrs) , we examine the prevalence of R/S goals and the influence of age and social interactions on reaching these goals. Multinomial logistic regressions showed that adults who did not have a goal to be more religious/spiritual reported fewer positive interactions, fewer negative interactions, and were younger than those who continued to work toward their R/S goals. Those who had the intention to become more R/S but were not working toward it were younger than those who persisted. The importance of R/S goals are discussed within the context of other self-improvement goals. Unique aspects of these goals and the ways in which social interactions support achieving these goals are highlighted.
Geropsychology Training Innovations: Understanding Ageism and Adultism in Students and New Training Initiatives
Authors: King Katherine , Graham Kirsten 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to address the geropsychology workforce shortage, educators are trying to better understand the attitudes, interests, and needs of prospective students as well as expand educational opportunities and specialty competence. This symposium reports on several recent and ongoing research projects and educational initiatives which can together inform future efforts to recruit students into the field. King et al. discuss how concerns about adultist oppression might keep young adults from entering the field. This study describes a new adultism measure which positively correlates with ageism and negatively correlates with both experience and interest in working with older adults. Together with Strong and Graham’s study looking at ageism among North American and non-North American students, these studies remind us of the continued effort needed to better understand and combat age-related oppression of individuals at both ends of the lifespan. Two studies share specific educational initiatives addressing areas of essential but undervalues areas of training for geropsychologists. O’Malley and Graham report on the integration of health policy training into undergraduate education, while Jacobs et al. describing a new performance-based evaluation tool for training in the assessment of decision-making capacity. Postgraduate specialization continues to be crucial in establishing and growing the discipline of geropsychology. Mlinac and Smith report on the development of a mentorship program for professionals on the path to board certification.
The Hidden Cost of Age Oppression: Adultism, Ageism, and Interest in Serving Older Adults
Authors: King Katherine , Graham Kirsten , Reid Briana , Church Molly , Rosario Juan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adultism is an underappreciated influence on young adults’ career choices and a hidden contributing factor to the geropsychology workforce shortage. This study reports on the development of an Adultist Concerns scale and its correlations with several factors relevant to careers in aging. Clinical psychology doctoral students (n = 109) completed the new scale along with measures of ageism, training interests, and experience working with older adults. The Adultist Concerns scale had strong internal consistency (α = .952) and factor loadings .853 and .929. Females scored significantly higher than males (p = .003). There were significant positive correlations between Adultist Concerns and both overall ageist behaviors (p = .002) and negative ageist behaviors specifically (p = .002). Adultist concerns were significantly negatively correlated with age (p = .000), interest in working with older adults (p = .003), and experience with this population (p = .043).
Integrating Health Policy Education Into an Undergraduate Adult Development and Aging Psychology Course
Authors: Malley Kelly O , Graham Kirsten 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Active engagement in health policy by psychologists is vital to the well-being of the aging population; however, few feel prepared to engage in policy making or know how to get involved. A novel policy curriculum was developed and integrated into an undergraduate psychology course. N = 34 students completed assessments of policy knowledge and assignments designed to increase their skills, knowledge, and critical thinking about health policy. Students reported strong beliefs that psychological research can impact health policies and a desire to understand how to use research to inform policy; however, they reported less understanding of how policy is made. Preliminary evidence suggests students are interested in applying psychological research to policy processes; however, they do not know how to get involved. Policy education was easily integrated into the course, and further study is needed to determine students’ future engagement in health policy and change health policy skills.
Innovative Approaches to Inclusive Design for Technology to Support Aging With Disability: Examples From TechSAge
Authors: Mitzner Tracy , Ordway Anne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Technology research and development often exclude older adults with disabilities from participating in the design process. As a result, technologies may not be useful or usable by older adults with diverse abilities. This symposium, featuring projects at the TechSAge Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center, highlights ongoing efforts toward inclusive design, representing unique approaches to engage older adults with disabilities and their stakeholders in the research and development of technology supports. First, Mitzner et al., will describe the development of an online, group Tai Chi intervention, and the integral involvement of older adults with mobility disabilities, the exercise program developers, and technology partner in all steps of the process. Exploring the potential of voice-activated assistants, like Amazon Alexa, to support health management activities of older adults with mobility disabilities, Kadlyak et al. will present findings from a needs assessment of the target population and user testing in the lab and home environments. Koon et al. will present findings from a subject matter expert interview study with caregivers and medical professionals designed to identify the scope of activity challenges among people aging with long-term mobility and sensory disabilities that should be explored in more depth through our future interview study with the target population. Sanford et al., will describe a student design competition and hackathon that incorporates immersive experiences with people aging with disabilities to inspire innovative design concepts that respond to the needs of real people. NIDILRR Project Officer, Anne Ordway, will serve as the discussant.
Using Inclusive Design to Develop a Tele–Tai Chi Intervention for Older Adults With Long-Term Mobility Disability
Authors: Mitzner Tracy , Remillard Elena , Cohen Kara , Chen Jordan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tele-technologies may be able to increase access to evidence-based exercise interventions for adults aging with long-term mobility disabilities. This population experiences substantial barriers in attending such programs in person, including lack of transportation to classes, inaccessible buildings where classes are held, and lack of appropriate modifications offered for this population of older adults. It is critical to overcome such barriers to ensure this population has an opportunity to receive the benefits of evidence-based programs. In this study we are translating an in-person evidence-based tai chi intervention, Tai Chi for Arthritis, to an online platform using videoconferencing software for those aging with long-term mobility disabilities. We will describe our approach of including users from the target population and industry representatives (videoconferencing software developer, Tai Chi for Arthritis program developer as well as local master trainer) in the adaptation of the intervention and present the key findings from doing so.
Loneliness and Trust: An East-West Comparison in Europe
Authors: Aartsen Marja , Rapolienė Gražina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Loneliness in later life is two times more prevalent in Eastern and Southern European countries than in Northern and Western European countries. One explanation that is put forth is the difference in expectations about social relations. We examine a not often evaluated role of trust in society as factor contributing to the country differences in loneliness. We adopt the trust-as-antecedent model of social integration, and assume that social integration is associated with loneliness. We use data of respondents aged 65 and over participating in the European Social Survey and conduct a latent factors path analysis to examine the effect of trust in the system and trust in people on social capital and loneliness. Loneliness is two times more prevalent in Eastern Europe than the rest of Europe (26% vs 10%), levels of trust are substantially lower in Eastern European countries, which in turn is associated with higher levels of loneliness.
Meaning in Life and Meaningful Engagement in the Moment: Lives of Prosocial Leaders and Volunteers
Authors: Nakamura Jeanne , Mann Ajit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent years have seen growing interest in older adults’ sense of meaning in life, a core dimension of eudaimonic well-being throughout adulthood that has been associated in later life with reduced morbidity and mortality. Currently, the relations between this global sense of meaning in life and the experience of meaningful engagement in the moment remain largely unexplored, particularly in later lives that are distinguished by high levels of meaning. Multilevel analysis of ESM data from prosocial leaders and volunteers indicated that feelings of meaningful engagement fluctuated in daily life for both groups, even while questionnaire data showed that global sense of meaning in life was high. Examining basic sources of fulfillment (e.g., sense of relatedness) revealed type of involvement (leadership vs. volunteerism) affected the source(s) of fulfillment that connected meaning at the global and momentary levels. Implications for theory, research, and applied work on meaning and prosocial commitment are discussed.
Sensory Health and Social Well-Being
Authors: Tanner Corinna , Yorgason Jeremy , Ehrlich Joshua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Scientific inquiry into the psychological and social issues surrounding age-related sensory impairments has focused on ways in which the conditions are a catalyst for negative outcomes. However, investigating the patterns associated with negative life events can offer guidance on ways to circumvent or mitigate negative outcomes, and even to foster and facilitate the positive outcomes of growth and thriving. This symposium will present findings from individual studies that describe how social well-being among older adults with sensory impairments can be protected, by assessing social isolation as a point of intervention to maintain cognitive function and to promote post-traumatic growth, and by understanding the unique social considerations relevant to Hispanic older adults, and to improve the physical safety of older drivers with sensory and cognitive impairment by reducing exposure-adjusted motor vehicle crash risk. Authors will present both cross sectional and longitudinal, population based data, and will explore patterns and relationships between known variables associated with sensory impairments including depression, cognitive processing, cognitive functioning, social network, social isolation, driving patterns, and posttraumatic growth. Findings from the Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study, the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), and data from a mixed methods study, underscore the reality that the negative outcomes associated with age related sensory impairments are not necessarily imminent and that there may be multiple intervention points to optimize the social well-being of older adults with sensory impairments.