bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational Restrictions in General Probabilistic Theories
Authors: Filippov Sergey N. , Gudder Stan , Heinosaari Teiko , Leppäjärvi Leevi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe formalism of general probabilistic theories provides a universal paradigm that is suitable for describing various physical systems including classical and quantum ones as particular cases. Contrary to the usual no-restriction hypothesis, the set of accessible meters within a given theory can be limited for different reasons, and this raises a question of what restrictions on meters are operationally relevant. We argue that all operational restrictions must be closed under simulation, where the simulation scheme involves mixing and classical post-processing of meters. We distinguish three classes of such operational restrictions: restrictions on meters originating from restrictions on effects; restrictions on meters that do not restrict the set of effects in any way; and all other restrictions. We fully characterize the first class of restrictions and discuss its connection to convex effect subalgebras. We show that the restrictions belonging to the second class can impose severe physical limitations despite the fact that all effects are accessible, which takes place, e.g., in the unambiguous discrimination of pure quantum states via effectively dichotomic meters. We further demonstrate that there are physically meaningful restrictions that fall into the third class. The presented study of operational restrictions provides a better understanding on how accessible measurements modify general probabilistic theories and quantum theory in particular.
Convergence of Gamification and Machine Learning: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Khakpour Alireza , Colomo-Palacios Ricardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent developments in human–computer interaction technologies raised the attention towards gamification techniques, that can be defined as using game elements in a non-gaming context. Furthermore, advancement in machine learning (ML) methods and its potential to enhance other technologies, resulted in the inception of a new era where ML and gamification are combined. This new direction thrilled us to conduct a systematic literature review in order to investigate the current literature in the field, to explore the convergence of these two technologies, highlighting their influence on one another, and the reported benefits and challenges. The results of the study reflect the various usage of this confluence, mainly in, learning and educational activities, personalizing gamification to the users, behavioral change efforts, adapting the gamification context and optimizing the gamification tasks. Adding to that, data collection for machine learning by gamification technology and teaching machine learning with the help of gamification were identified. Finally, we point out their benefits and challenges towards streamlining future research endeavors.
Flexi-pharma: a molecule-ranking strategy for virtual screening using pharmacophores from ligand-free conformational ensembles
Authors: Lans Isaias , Palacio-Rodríguez Karen , Cavasotto Claudio N. , Cossio Pilar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractComputer-aided strategies are useful for reducing the costs and increasing the success-rate in drug discovery. Among these strategies, methods based on pharmacophores (an ensemble of electronic and steric features representing the target active site) are efficient to implement over large compound libraries. However, traditional pharmacophore-based methods require knowledge of active compounds or ligand–receptor structures, and only few ones account for target flexibility. Here, we developed a pharmacophore-based virtual screening protocol, Flexi-pharma, that overcomes these limitations. The protocol uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore receptor flexibility, and performs a pharmacophore-based virtual screening over a set of MD conformations without requiring prior knowledge about known ligands or ligand–receptor structures for building the pharmacophores. The results from the different receptor conformations are combined using a “voting” approach, where a vote is given to each molecule that matches at least one pharmacophore from each MD conformation. Contrarily to other approaches that reduce the pharmacophore ensemble to some representative models and score according to the matching models or molecule conformers, the Flexi-pharma approach takes directly into account the receptor flexibility by scoring in regards to the receptor conformations. We tested the method over twenty systems, finding an enrichment of the dataset for 19 of them. Flexi-pharma is computationally efficient allowing for the screening of thousands of compounds in minutes on a single CPU core. Moreover, the ranking of molecules by vote is a general strategy that can be applied with any pharmacophore-filtering program.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Nonverbal Vocal Communication in Development
Authors: Filippa Manuela , Grandjean Didier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNonverbal vocal aspects of communication, often related to affective states, are crucial to social interactions not only for animals but also for humans during early infancy, as well as being one of the pillars of human language development and acquisition. The thread that binds together the contributions to this Special Issue is the analysis of nonverbal vocal communication during development, both from ontogenetic and phylogenetic perspectives. This introduction presents the multiple viewpoints emerging from this Special Issue and delineates future research directions for investigating the nonverbal aspects of vocal communication in early development.
Analysis of a piecewise linear aeroelastic system with and without tuned vibration absorber
Authors: Lelkes János , Kalmár-Nagy Tamás 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of a two-degrees-of-freedom (pitch–plunge) aeroelastic system is investigated. The aerodynamic force is modeled as a piecewise linear function of the effective angle of attack. Conditions for admissible (existing) and virtual equilibria are determined. The stability and bifurcations of equilibria are analyzed. We find saddle-node, border collision and rapid bifurcations. The analysis shows that the pitch–plunge model with a simple piecewise linear approximation of the aerodynamic force can reproduce the transition from divergence to the complex aeroelastic phenomenon of stall flutter. A linear tuned vibration absorber is applied to increase stall flutter wind speed and eliminate limit cycle oscillations. The effect of the absorber parameters on the stability of equilibria is investigated using the Liénard–Chipart criterion. We find that with the vibration absorber the onset of the rapid bifurcation can be shifted to higher wind speed or the oscillations can be eliminated altogether.
Simulations of oxidation of metal nanoparticles with a grain boundary inside
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe generic 2D lattice Monte Carlo simulations presented herein are focused on the spatio-temporal kinetics of oxidation of metal nanoparticles composed of two grains separated by a single grain boundary. The oxidation is assumed to occur via inward diffusion of interstitial oxygen ions in the oxide. The results of simulations illustrate that the regimes of oxidation can range from one where the presence of grains is negligible and the oxide shell is formed at the periphery of a whole nanoparticle to one where each grain is oxidized almost independently.
Interaction effects of corporate hedging activities for a multi-risk exposure: evidence from a quasi-natural experiment
Authors: Hang Markus , Geyer-Klingeberg Jerome , Rathgeber Andreas W. , Alasseur Clémence , Wichmann Lena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes the interaction effects of corporate hedging activities of electric utility firms facing a manifold risk exposure consisting of several market price risks. We employ 16 recent introductions of markets for trading electricity derivatives as a quasi-natural experiment. The results show that electric utilities generally favor domestic markets for trading electricity derivatives, which might be reduced to their usual high market power and the related good predictability of electricity prices. As a consequence, electricity output hedging eliminates a major part of overall market risk. Further, we identify several spillover effects of electricity output hedging: The sensitivities to input commodity prices decrease, while the sensitivities to foreign exchange rates and interest rates increase. Furthermore, electricity output hedging increases debt capacities and the availability of internal funds. These results are relevant for electric utility firms, market operators, and policy makers, since the selective presence of derivatives markets might let financing policies globally diverge.
Superelastic Effect in NiTi Alloys Manufactured Using Electron Beam and Focused Laser Rapid Manufacturing Methods
Authors: Dutkiewicz Jan , Rogal Łukasz , Kalita Damian , Węglowski Marek , Błacha Sylwester , Berent Katarzyna , Czeppe Tomasz , Antolak-Dudka Anna , Durejko Tomasz , Czujko Tomasz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo different methods of rapid manufacturing—electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) and laser-engineered net shaping (LENS)—were used in order to fabricate NiTi elements. Microstructure and martensitic transformation temperatures of initial materials in the form of wire or spherical powder were established. The samples fabricated using LENS technique showed martensitic transformation temperature (MTT) at − 26 °C (represented by maximum martensite peak maximum in DSC) which was lower in comparison with raw powder. In the case of samples fabricated using EBAM, the MMT reached − 19 °C. The peaks of martensite and reverse transformations were diffuse due to differences in grain size and composition across the sample. Aging at 500 °C for 2 h caused not only separation of R-phase during cooling of both samples, but also formation of sharper and higher transformation peaks as well as shift of MTT to higher temperatures. Microstructural investigation showed columnar grains, near the interface of deposited element and base plate, growing perpendicular to the plate surface. The grains showed axial fiber texture <001> along the growth direction. STEM micrographs revealed the presence of elongated particles enriched in Ti. Formation of Ti-rich particles during the process led to the depletion of Ti in the matrix and contributed to increase in MTT in comparison with initial NiTi powder. LENS-deposited sample additionally contained higher dislocation density in the austenite. Compression stress/strain curves of EBAM-deposited sample revealed deformation of martensite only, while the LENS-deposited one showed almost complete superelastic effect in compression mode up to 3%.
Aortic valve-sparing procedure—a durable choice in liver transplantation recipient
Authors: De Martino Andrea , Pratali Stefano , Carrai Paola , Petruccelli Stefania , De Simone Paolo , Bortolotti Uberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA 44-year old man with aortic regurgitation and aneurysm of the ascending aorta underwent an aortic valve-sparing procedure as a durable treatment before liver transplantation. Since patients with chronic liver failure are at high risk of hemorrhagic complications at time of major surgery, while management of warfarin administration may still represent a concern, the choice of a cardiac procedure which avoids any anticoagulant treatment appeared justified.
Cost-utility of an eHealth application ‘Oncokompas’ that supports cancer survivors in self-management: results of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: van der Hout A. , Jansen F. , van Uden-Kraan C. F. , Coupé V. M. , Holtmaat K. , Nieuwenhuijzen G. A. , Hardillo J. A. , de Jong R. J. Baatenburg , Tiren-Verbeet N. L. , Sommeijer D. W. , de Heer K. , Schaar C. G. , Sedee R. J. E. , Bosscha K. , van den Brekel M. W. M. , Petersen J. F. , Westerman M. , Honings J. , Takes R. P. , Houtenbos I. , van den Broek W. T. , de Bree R. , Jansen P. , Eerenstein S. E. J. , Leemans C. R. , Zijlstra J. M. , Cuijpers P. , van de Poll-Franse L. V. , Verdonck-de Leeuw I. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The eHealth self-management application ‘Oncokompas’ was developed to support cancer survivors in monitoring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and symptoms, and obtaining personalized feedback and options for supportive care. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-utility of Oncokompas compared with care as usual (CAU) among cancer survivors.

Methods
Survivors were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. Direct (non-)medical, indirect non-medical costs, and HRQOL were measured at 3- and 6-month follow-up, using iMTA Medical Consumption and Productivity Costs and the EuroQol-5D questionnaires. Mean cumulative costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were compared between both groups.

Results
In total, 625 survivors were randomized into intervention (n = 320) or control group (n = 305). Base case analysis showed that incremental costs from a societal perspective were − €163 (95% CI, − 665 to 326), and incremental QALYs were 0.0017 (95% CI, − 0.0121 to 0.0155) in the intervention group compared with those in the control group. The probability that, compared with CAU, Oncokompas is more effective was 60%, less costly 73%, and both more effective and less costly 47%. Sensitivity analyses showed that incremental costs vary between − €40 and €69, and incremental QALYs vary between − 0.0023 and − 0.0057.

Conclusion
Oncokompas is likely to be equally effective on utilities, and not more expensive than CAU, and will therefore contribute to sustainable cancer survivorship care in a (cost-)effective manner.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Oncokompas seems to improve HRQOL and reduces the burden of several tumour-specific symptoms, while costs from a societal perspective are similar to CAU.
Clinical forensic height measurements on injured people using a multi camera device for 3D documentation
Authors: Sieberth Till , Ebert Lars C , Gentile Simon , Fliss Barbara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDocumenting the existence, size, position and shape of injuries is an important part of medical forensic examinations. In the photography of an injury, the documentation is limited to an approximation of size and position of the injury based on a ruler included in the image. The documentation of injuries can be improved with photogrammetry, which allows the creation of scaled 3D models of an injury that can be used to not only document and visualize the injury but also to match the injury with an injury-causing object. In this paper, the multicamera device “Botscan” was used to perform 3D whole-body documentation and measure the positions of injuries. A major advantage of 3D whole-body documentation compared to photography is that the former can be performed at a later stage of the investigation. This makes the whole-body 3D documentation of injuries an important tool for re-examination.
Food Web Fuel Differs Across Habitats and Seasons of a Tidal Freshwater Estuary
Authors: Young Matthew , Howe Emily , O’Rear Teejay , Berridge Kathleen , Moyle Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEstuarine food webs are fueled by multiple different primary producers. However, identifying the relative importance of each producer to consumers is difficult, particularly for fishes that utilize multiple food sources due to both their mobility and their generally high trophic levels. Previous studies have documented broad spatial differences in the importance of primary producers to fishes within the Upper San Francisco Estuary, California, including separation between pelagic and littoral food webs. In this study, we evaluated the importance of primary producers to adult fishes in three closely spaced subregions that represented disparate habitat types (a tidal wetland channel, a turbid backwater channel, and a deep open-water channel), each a potential outcome of local restoration projects. Using stable isotope analysis coupled with a Bayesian mixing model, we identified significant differences in primary-producer contribution to fishes and invertebrates across habitats and seasons, especially in the relative contribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and phytoplankton. Most fishes utilized multiple primary producers and showed little segregation between pelagic and littoral food webs among habitats. Availability of primary producers differs seasonally and across multiple spatial scales, helping to buffer environmental variability and thus enhancing food web resilience. Ecosystem restoration may improve with emphasis on restoring a wide variety of primary producers to support consumers.
10 recommendations for African governments to ensure food security for poor and vulnerable populations during COVID-19
Authors: Lawson-Lartego Laté , Cohen Marc J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn addressing COVID-19, African governments should not forget the livelihoods as well as the food and nutrition security of their citizens. With over 70% of the workforce in the informal sector without any social protection and health insurance, the pandemic could have a devastating impact on income and livelihoods as well as food and nutrition security for workers up and down the food chain. There are ten steps African governments can take to ensure that their response to the disease takes food and nutrition security into account:1. Protect food supply chains and consider them essential services;2. Consider fiscal and monetary incentives;3. Prioritize healthy diets;4. Use food reserves wisely;5. Keep food markets open while ensuring safety;6. Use mobile cash transfers for social protection;7. Protect farmers and food workers;8. Prioritize gender equality;9. Instill a sense of solidarity; and10. Avoid export bans.
Ancient incomplete lineage sorting of Hyles and Rhodafra (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)
Authors: Hundsdoerfer Anna K. , Kitching Ian J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe hawkmoth genusRhodafracomprises two African species with unclear relationships, as their wing patterns are markedly different, with one species closely resembling species of a related genus,Hyles. The present paper aims to investigate the monophyly and phylogenetic position ofRhodafrain relation toHylesand other genera of the subtribe Choerocampina (Sphingidae: Macroglossinae: Macroglossini) using mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data from more species and individuals than have hitherto been studied. As no fresh tissue ofRhodafrawas available, ancient-DNA methodology was applied. All data corroborate the genus as monophyletic and that a similar wing pattern is not a good indicator of close phylogenetic relationship in this group of moths. Phylogenetic trees based on mitochondrial data agree in placingRhodafrawithinHyles. In contrast, analysis of nuclear EF1alpha sequences produces a topology in whichRhodafrais placed as the sister clade toHyles. Although multispecies coalescent analyses suggest a polytomy betweenRhodafra,Hyles lineataand the remainingHyles, total evidence analyses corroborateRhodafraas sister toHyles. This relationship is interpreted as the favoured topology. For a more robust result, the question should be re-examined using genomic approaches.
Probability density function (PDF) models for particle transport in porous media
Authors: Icardi Matteo , Dentz Marco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMathematical models based on probability density functions (PDF) have been extensively used in hydrology and subsurface flow problems, to describe the uncertainty in porous media properties (e.g., permeability modelled as random field). Recently, closer to the spirit of PDF models for turbulent flows, some approaches have used this statistical viewpoint also in pore-scale transport processes (fully resolved porous media models). When a concentration field is transported, by advection and diffusion, in a heterogeneous medium, in fact, spatial PDFs can be defined to characterise local fluctuations and improve or better understand the closures performed by classical upscaling methods. In the study of hydrodynamical dispersion, for example, PDE-based PDF approach can replace expensive and noisy Lagrangian simulations (e.g., trajectories of drift-diffusion stochastic processes). In this work we derive a joint position-velocity Fokker–Planck equation to model the motion of particles undergoing advection and diffusion in in deterministic or stochastic heterogeneous velocity fields. After appropriate closure assumptions, this description can help deriving rigorously stochastic models for the statistics of Lagrangian velocities. This is very important to be able to characterise the dispersion properties and can, for example, inform velocity evolution processes in continuous time random walk dispersion models. The closure problem that arises when averaging the Fokker–Planck equation shows also interesting similarities with the mixing problem and can be used to propose alternative closures for anomalous dispersion.
Effects of heat-moisture treatment on the thermal, functional properties and composition of cereal, legume and tuber starches—a review
Authors: Mathobo Vhulenda Melinda , Silungwe Henry , Ramashia Shonisani Eugenia , Anyasi Tonna Ashim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral methods are currently employed in the modification of starch obtained from different botanical sources. Starch in its native form is limited in application due to retrogradation, syneresis, inability to withstand shear stress as well as its unstable nature at varying temperatures and pH environment. Modification of starch is therefore needed to enhance its food and industrial application. A primary and safe means of modifying starch for food and industrial use is through hydrothermal methods which involves heat-moisture treatment and annealing. Heat-moisture treatment (HMT) is a physical modification technique that improves the functional and physicochemical properties of starch without changing its molecular composition. Upon modification through HMT, starches from cereals, legumes and tuber crops serve as important ingredients in diverse food, pharmaceutical and industrial processes. Although changes in starch initiated by HMT have been studied in starches of different plant origin, this work further provides insight on the composition, thermal and functional properties of heat-moisture treated starch obtained from cereals, legumes and tuber crops.
An overview of nanoscale materials on the removal of wastewater contaminants
Authors: Soni Ramendra , Pal Arun Kumar , Tripathi Pooja , Lal Jonathan A. , Kesari Kavindra , Tripathi Vijay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGrowing population and climate change are increasing the challenges to the global water situation. Due to a continuous elevating level of pollution, there is the requirement of novel innovative water technologies to ensure the good supply of drinking water. This review is mainly focused on the recent advances in nanotechnology aspects for water and wastewater treatment that include nano-based materials such as nanosorbents, metal oxides of nanoscale materials, polymer-based nanosorbents, membranes of nanoscale materials (nanomembranes), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). These nanomaterials are beneficial when the properties and specific characteristics of these materials are compared with conventional processes of the wastewater treatment. The aim and objective of this review are to provide an overview of different types of nanomaterials and their applicability in the removal of heavy metals and bacterial pathogens from wastewater during the treatment process.