bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Antibody Kinetics Among Health Care Workers in a Spanish Hospital After 3 Months of Follow-up
Authors: Moncunill Gemma , Mayor Alfredo , Santano Rebeca , Jiménez Alfons , Vidal Marta , Tortajada Marta , Sanz Sergi , Méndez Susana , Llupià Anna , Aguilar Ruth , Alonso Selena , Barrios Diana , Carolis Carlo , Cisteró Pau , Chóliz Eugenia , Cruz Angeline , Fochs Silvia , Jairoce Chenjerai , Hecht Jochen , Lamoglia Montserrat , Martínez Mikel J , Moreno Javier , Mitchell Robert A , Ortega Natalia , Pey Nuria , Puyol Laura , Ribes Marta , Rosell Neus , Figueroa-Romero Antía , Sotomayor Patricia , Torres Sara , Williams Sarah , Barroso Sonia , Vilella Anna , Trilla Antoni , Varela Pilar , Dobaño Carlota , Garcia-Basteiro Alberto L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
At the COVID-19 spring 2020 pandemic peak in Spain, prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of 578 randomly selected health care workers (HCWs) from Hospital Clínic de Barcelona was 11.2%.

Methods
A follow-up survey 1 month later (April-May 2020) measured infection by rRT-PCR and IgM, IgA, and IgG to the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein by Luminex. Antibody kinetics, including IgG subclasses, was assessed until month 3.

Results
At month 1, the prevalence of infection measured by rRT-PCR and serology was 14.9% (84/565) and seroprevalence 14.5% (82/565). We found 25 (5%) new infections in 501 participants without previous evidence of infection. IgM, IgG, and IgA levels declined in 3 months (antibody decay rates 0.15 [95% CI, .11–.19], 0.66 [95% CI, .54–.82], and 0.12 [95% CI, .09–.16], respectively), and 68.33% of HCWs had seroreverted for IgM, 3.08% for IgG, and 24.29% for IgA. The most frequent subclass responses were IgG1 (highest levels) and IgG2, followed by IgG3, and only IgA1 but no IgA2 was detected.

Conclusions
Continuous and improved surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infections in HCWs remains critical, particularly in high-risk groups. The observed fast decay of IgA and IgM levels has implications for seroprevalence studies using these isotypes.
Evidence Based Burn Depth Assessment Using Laser-Based Technologies: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Claes Karel E Y , Hoeksema Henk , Vyncke Tom , Verbelen Jozef , De Coninck Petra , De Decker Ignace , Monstrey Stan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Early clinical assessment of burn depth and associated healing potential (HP) remains extremely challenging, even for experienced surgeons. Inaccurate diagnosis often leads to prolonged healing times and unnecessary surgical procedures, resulting in incremental costs, and unfavorable outcomes. Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) is currently the most objective and accurate diagnostic tool to measure blood flow and its associated HP, the main predictor for a patient’s long-term functional and aesthetic outcome. A systematic review was performed on non-invasive, laser-based methods for burn depth assessment using skin microcirculation measurements to determine time to healing: Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), LDI and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). Important drawbacks of single point LDF measurements are direct contact with numerous small points on the wound bed and the need to carry out serial measurements over several days. LDI is a fast, “non-contact,” single measurement tool allowing to scan large burned areas with a 96% accuracy. LDI reduces the number of surgeries, improves the functional and aesthetic outcome and is cost-effective. There is only limited evidence for the use of LSCI in burn depth assessment. LSCI still needs technical improvements and scientific validation, before it can be approved for reliable burn assessment. LDI has proven to be invaluable in determining the optimal treatment of a burn patient. For unclear reasons, LDI is still not routinely used in burn centers worldwide. Additional research is required to identify potential “barriers” for universal implementation of this evidence-based burn depth assessment tool.
On the Ecology and Distribution of Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in California’s Eel River
Authors: Kannry Samantha H , O’Rourke Sean M , Kelson Suzanne J , Miller Michael R 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe preservation of life history and other phenotypic complexity is central to the resilience of Pacific salmon stocks. Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) express a diversity of life-history strategies such as the propensity to migrate (anadromy/residency) and the timing and state of maturation upon return to freshwater (run-timing), providing an opportunity to study adaptive phenotypic complexity. Historically, the Eel River supported upwards of 1 million salmon and steelhead, but the past century has seen dramatic declines of all salmonids in the watershed. Here we investigate life-history variation in Eel River steelhead by using Rapture sequencing, on thousands of individuals, to genotype the region diagnostic for run-timing (GREB1L) and the region strongly associated with residency/anadromy (OMY5) in the Eel River and other locations, as well as determine patterns of overall genetic differentiation. Our results provide insight into many conservation-related issues. For example, we found that distinct segregation between winter and summer-run steelhead correlated with flow-dependent barriers in major forks of the Eel, that summer-run steelhead inhabited the upper Eel prior to construction of an impassable dam, and that both life history and overall genetic diversity have been maintained in the resident trout population above; and we found no evidence of the summer-run allele in the South Fork Eel, indicating that summer run-timing cannot be expected to arise from standing genetic variation in this and other populations that lack the summer-run phenotype. The results presented in this study provide valuable information for designing future restoration and management strategies for O. mykiss in Northern California and beyond.
What can we learn from surveys? A systematic review of survey studies addressing femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Memon Muzammil , Ohlin Axel , Kooner Paul , Ginsberg Lydia , Ochiai Derek , Queiroz Marcelo C , Simunovic Nicole , Ayeni Olufemi R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to systematically review the methodology, response rate and quality of survey studies related to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. A search was conducted on three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE) for relevant studies from database inception to 27 January 2020. Data extracted included study and survey characteristics, as well as response rates. The quality of the included studies was also assessed using a previously published quality assessment tool. Data were analysed with means, ranges, standard deviations, 95% confidence intervals and bivariate analysis. Eleven studies (13 surveys) were included in this review out of a total of 1608 initial titles found. Surveys were most often administered via the Internet (72%) to orthopaedic surgeons (54%). The mean response rate was 70.4%. The mean quality score was moderate 13.3/24 (SD ±4.3). The criterion that most often scored high was ‘clearly defined purpose and objectives’ (11/11). The most common survey topic investigated surgeons’ knowledge regarding FAI diagnosis and management (n = 7). In addition, bivariate analysis between quality score and response rate showed no significant correlation (Spearman’s rho = −0.090, P = 0.85). Overall, survey studies related to FAI syndrome most often use Internet-based methods to administer surveys. The most common target audience is orthopaedic surgeons. The topics of the surveys most often revolve around orthopaedic surgeons’ knowledge and opinions relating to the diagnosis and management of FAI syndrome. The response rate is high in patient surveys and lower in larger surgeon surveys. Overall, the studies are of moderate quality.
Radiative association for the formation of MgO
Authors: Bai Tianrui , Qin Zhi , Liu Linhua 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe radiative association process for the formation of magnesium oxide (MgO) may be of great importance due to its frequent occurrence in the low-density and dust-poor astrochemical environments. In this work, the cross-sections and rate coefficients for the A1Π → X1Σ+, ${\rm X}^1\Sigma ^+\, \rightarrow \, {\rm A}^1\Pi$, D1Δ → A1Π, a3Π → e3Σ−, ${\rm X}^1\Sigma ^+\, \rightarrow \, {\rm X}^1\Sigma ^+$, and A1Π → A1Π radiative association processes of forming MgO are theoretically estimated. The cross-sections for the transitions between the different states are obtained by using the semiclassical method for direct contributions and the Breit–Wigner theory as a complement for resonance contributions. For the transitions between the same states, the quantum mechanical method is used. The rate coefficients are then obtained from the cross-sections for the temperatures in the range of 10–10 000 K and the results are found to vary from 4.69 $\times \, 10^{-16}$ to 6.27 $\times \, 10^{-14}$ cm3 s−1. For temperatures lower than around 693 K, the rate coefficients for the A1Π → X1Σ+ process are dominant, which indicates this process is the most efficient way of producing MgO at low temperatures. However, the rate coefficients for the D1Δ → A1Π process go through a rapid increase with increasing temperature and become dominant at higher temperatures. For other processes, their rate coefficients are several orders of magnitude lower than those for the two processes mentioned above. The results can be used to further investigate the formation and evolution of MgO in low density and hot gas close to the photosphere of evolved oxygen-rich stars.
The intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum of TXS 0506+056: intergalactic propagation effects
Authors: Saveliev Andrey , Alves Batista Rafael 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The recent observation of high-energy neutrinos from the 2017 flare of the blazar TXS 0506+056, together with counterparts across the whole electromagnetic spectrum, opens up new possibilities for investigating the properties of this class of objects as well as the traversed medium. Propagation effects such as the attenuation of the very-high-energy gamma-ray component by the extragalactic background light are well known, and usually taken into account when fitting spectral energy distributions of objects. Other effects such as those of intergalactic magnetic fields are, however, often neglected. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the influence of these fields and the extragalactic background light on the determination of the intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum of this blazar.
Tobacco Retail Environment and Smoking: A Systematic Review of Geographic Exposure Measures and Implications for Future Studies
Authors: Valiente Roberto , Escobar Francisco , Urtasun María , Franco Manuel , Shortt Niamh K , Sureda Xisca 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
To review the geographic exposure measures used to characterize the tobacco environment in terms of density of tobacco outlets and proximity to tobacco outlets, and its association with smoking-related outcomes.

Methods
We used PubMed and Google Scholar to find articles published until December 2019. The search was restricted to studies that (1) measured the density of and/or proximity to tobacco outlets and (2) included associations with smoking outcomes. The extraction was coordinated by several observers. We gathered data on the place of exposure, methodological approaches, and smoking outcomes.

Results
Forty articles were eligible out of 3002 screened papers. Different density and proximity measures were described. 47.4% density calculations were based on simple counts (number of outlets within an area). Kernel density estimations and other measures weighted by the size of the area (outlets per square kilometer), population, and road length were identified. 81.3% of the articles which assessed proximity to tobacco outlets used length distances estimated through the street network. Higher density values were mostly associated with higher smoking prevalence (76.2%), greater tobacco use and smoking initiation (64.3%), and lower cessation outcomes (84.6%). Proximity measures were not associated with any smoking outcome except with cessation (62.5%).

Conclusion
Associations between the density of tobacco outlets and smoking outcomes were found regardless of the exposure measure applied. Further research is warranted to better understand how proximity to tobacco outlets may influence the smoking outcomes. This systematic review discusses methodological gaps in the literature and provides insights for future studies exploring the tobacco environment.

Implications
Our findings pose some methodological lessons to improve the exposure measures on the tobacco outlet environment. Solving these methodological gaps is crucial to understand the influence of the tobacco environment on the smoking outcomes. Activity spaces should be considered in further analyses because individuals are exposed to tobacco beyond their residence or school neighborhood. Further studies in this research area demand density estimations weighted by the size of the area, population, or road length, or measured using Kernel density estimations. Proximity calculations should be measured through the street network and should consider travel times apart from the length distance.
The Referendum in the UK’s Constitution: From Parliamentary to Popular Sovereignty?
Authors: White Stuart G 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe 2016 referendum on the UK’s membership of the EU has led to much questioning of the place of the referendum in the UK’s constitution with a particular emphasis on the status of Parliamentary and popular sovereignty. Some commentary suggests that the UK has shifted from a constitution of Parliamentary sovereignty to one of the popular sovereignty. Drawing on A.V. Dicey’s discussion of the UK constitution in his Introduction to the Law of the Constitution, this article sets out the case that the referendum is the site of a change in the UK’s constitution. However, according to this case, the change is not accurately described as a shift from Parliamentary to popular sovereignty. It is better understood in terms of the emergence of a new constitutional convention which has altered the manner by which Parliament, as the legal sovereign, is kept subordinate to the ‘people’ as the political sovereign. The article offers some preliminary empirical assessment of this case for constitutional change and indicates areas for future research. These include considering the possible influence of democratic constitutionalist thinking in the UK’s use of referendums and the desirability and implications of a full transition to democratic constitutionalism.
Unpacking Normative Resonance: The Attitudinal Panopticon and the Implementation Gap of LGBT Rights in Serbia
Authors: Slootmaeckers Koen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough equality policies have been promoted by the European Union in its enlargement process, their implementation often remains weak. While normative resonance is considered as a key factor for their proper implementation, why it matters remains theoretically underexplored. Addressing this gap, the article develops the notion of the attitudinal panopticon. Through the analysis of the implementation gap of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights in Serbia, I demonstrate how the lack of normative resonance and social change becomes a disciplining environment that prevents people from using equality measures out of fear of further and more severe violations of their rights.
Dissemination of a Universally Delivered Brief Alcohol Intervention in United States Air Force Technical Training
Authors: Talcott Gerald Wayne , McMurry Timothy , Ebbert Jon , Fahey Margaret C. , Wang Xin Qun , Murphy James G. , McDevitt-Murphy Meghan , Little Melissa A. , Klesges Robert C. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Heavy alcohol use is a particular problem in the US military, prompting the Institute of Medicine to identify it as a public health crisis. Developing prevention programs aimed at reducing problematic drinking during military service would be useful. Thus, the purpose of the current study, was to broadly disseminate and assess the effectiveness of a brief alcohol intervention (BAI) + random breathalyzer (RB) intervention to reduce alcohol related incidents (ARIs), to all incoming Air Force trainees.

Methods:
The BAI was administered to all incoming Airmen (N = 15,898) across 4 major training Air Force bases. Additionally, underage Airmen were subject to RB tests. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design compared the rate of ARIs, per 100,000 training days, during the year prior and the year after the intervention was delivered.

Results:
A Poisson model indicated that the BAI + RB intervention was associated with a decrease in ARIs across all bases. Overall, the intervention lowered the ARI rate by 16% (β = −0.178, standard error  = 0.0742, P = 0.016). For every 100,000 training days, annual ARIs decreased from 30.8 to 25.5 after implementation.

Conclusions:
A universally administered brief alcohol intervention, coupled with RB targeting underage drinkers, was associated with a reduction in the rate of ARIs. Results of this large-scale prevention study indicate that a brief alcohol intervention can be widely disseminated during US Air Force training and can perhaps reduce costs and make a public health contribution by decreasing alcohol related incidents.
Sit Less and Move More—A Multicomponent Intervention With and Without Height-Adjustable Workstations in Contact Center Call Agents
Authors: Morris Abigail S. , Murphy Rebecca C. , Hopkins Nicola D. , Low David A. , Healy Genevieve N. , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Collins Brendan , Timpson Hannah , Shepherd Sam O. , Cochrane Madeleine , Gavin David , Graves Lee E.F. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To pilot a multicomponent intervention to sit less and move more, with (SLAMM+) and without (SLAMM) height-adjustable workstations, in contact center call agents.

Methods:
Agents were individually randomized to SLAMM or SLAMM+ in this 10-month, parallel, open-label, pilot trial. Mixed-methods assessed response, recruitment, retention, attrition and completion rates, adverse effects, trial feasibility and acceptability, preliminary effectiveness on worktime sitting, and described secondary outcomes.

Results:
The participant recruitment rate, and randomization, data collection, and interventions were mostly acceptable. Refinements to organization recruitment were identified. High staff turnover negatively impacted retention and completion rates. The multicomponent intervention with height-adjustable workstations has potential to reduce sitting time at work.

Conclusions:
The demonstrated findings will help prepare for a future randomized controlled trial designed to assess the effect of the interventions.
One-week test-retest reliability of nine binocular tests and saccades used in concussion
Authors: Long Stephanie , Schuster Tibor , Steele Russell , Leclerc Suzanne , Shrier Ian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTests of binocular vision (BVTs) and ocular motility are used in concussion assessment and management.PurposeTo determine the one-week test-retest reliability of 9 binocular vision tests (BVTs) and a test of saccades proposed for use in concussion management.Study DesignProspective test-retest.MethodsWe examined the one-week test-retest reliability of 9 BVTs in healthy participants: 3D vision (gross stereoscopic acuity), phoria at 30cm and 3m, ability of eyes to move/fixate in-sync (positive and negative fusional vergence at 30cm and 3m, near point of convergence and near point of convergence – break [i.e. double vision]) and 1 ocular motor test, saccades.ResultsWe tested 10 males and 10 females without concussion and a mean age of 25.5 (4.1) years. The intraclass correlations suggest good reliability for phoria 3m (0.88) and gross stereoscopic acuity (0.86), and moderate reliability for phoria 30cm (0.69), near point of convergence (0.54), positive fusional vergence (0.54) and negative fusional vergence (0.66) at 30cm, and near point of convergence - break (0.64). There was poor reliability for saccades (0.34), and both positive and negative fusional vergence (0.49 and 0.43, respectively) at 3m. Limits of agreement (LoA) were best for saccade (±34%) and worst for phoria 30 cm (±121%) and ranged from ±58% to ±70% for 7 of the 8 other tests. The LoA for phoria at 3m were uninformative because measurements for 18 of 20 participants were identical.ConclusionWe found test-retest reliability of the BVTs and saccades ranging from poor to good in healthy participants, with the majority being moderate.Clinical RelevanceFor these vision tests to be clinically useful, the effect of concussion must have a moderate to large effect on the scores of most of the tests.What is known about the subjectConcussions may affect some parts of visual function1-week test-retest reliability for most visual tests is under-studiedWhat this study adds to existing knowledgeWe provide intra-class coefficients and limits of agreement for 10 different visual function tests commonly conducted by clinicians in patients with concussion.
Regulation of retinal amacrine cell generation by miR-216b and Foxn3
Authors: Zhang Huanqing , Zhuang Pei , Welchko Ryan M. , Dai Manhong , Meng Fan , Turner David L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mammalian retina contains a complex mixture of different types of neurons. We find that the microRNA miR-216b is preferentially expressed in postmitotic retinal amacrine cells in the mouse retina, and expression of miR-216a/b and miR-217 in the retina depend in part on Ptf1a, a transcription factor required for amacrine cell differentiation. Surprisingly, ectopic expression of miR-216b, or the related miR-216a, can direct the formation of additional amacrine cells in the developing retina. In addition, we observe the loss of bipolar neurons in the retina after miR-216b expression. We identify the mRNA for the transcriptional regulator Foxn3 as a retinal target of miR-216b by Argonaute PAR-CLIP and reporter analysis. Inhibition of Foxn3 in the postnatal developing retina by RNAi also increases the formation of amacrine cells and reduces bipolar cell formation, while overexpression of Foxn3 inhibits amacrine cell formation prior to the expression of Ptf1a. Disruption of Foxn3 by CRISPR in embryonic retinal explants also reduces amacrine cell formation. Co-expression of Foxn3 can partially reverse the effects of ectopic miR-216b on retinal cell type formation. Our results identify Foxn3 as a novel regulator of interneuron formation in the developing retina and suggest that miR-216b likely regulates expression of Foxn3 and other genes in amacrine cells.