bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground‐ and Excited‐State Symmetry Breaking and Solvatofluorochromism in Centrosymmetric Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles Possessing two Nitro Groups
Authors: Łukasiewicz Łukasz G. , Rammo Matt , Stark Charlie , Krzeszewski Maciej , Jacquemin Denis , Rebane Aleksander , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSix centrosymmetric pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles possessing either two nitro or two CF3SO2 strong electron‐withdrawing groups have been synthesized in a straightforward manner from simple building blocks and their one and two‐photon properties investigated. Although two‐photon absorption maxima clearly correspond to the S0→S2 transition, there is always a considerable shoulder at the region related to the S0→S1 transition. This fact clearly points to a small degree of symmetry breaking in the ground state which becomes more prevalent in the excited state. The systems showing the strongest excited‐state symmetry breaking have also been identified by first principles calculations. Both experimental data and theoretical calculations (performed with time‐dependent density functional theory) have revealed that changing the degree of conjugation between the nitro−aryl substituents and the core enables fine‐tuning of not only emission wavelengths but also the solvent dependent fluorescence intensity. Although there is no charge‐transfer between electron‐withdrawing 4‐cyanophenyl substituents located on nitrogen atoms and the core, nevertheless, their presence modifies the absorption and emission maxima. These groups also enable a record high fluorescence quantum yield in toluene (0.97) to be reached. By probing ground‐state symmetry by two‐photon absorption and excited‐state symmetry by solvatofluorochromism, we are able to obtain insight regarding the pathway of the molecule during and after the electronic transition.
Regulatory T cells in solid organ transplantation
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Conti Filomena , Gorochov Guy , Oo Ye Htun , Miyara Makoto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe induction of graft tolerance remains the holy grail of transplantation. This is important as chronic allograft dysfunction and the side effects of immunosuppression regimens place a major burden on the lives of transplant patients and their healthcare systems. This has mandated the need to understand the immunobiology of graft rejection and identify novel therapeutics. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in modulating pro‐inflammatory microenvironments and maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, there are fundamental unanswered questions regarding Treg cell immunobiology. These cells are a heterogeneous entity with functionally diverse roles. Moreover, the adoption of novel deeper immunophenotyping and genomic sequencing technologies has identified this phenotype and function to be more complex than expected. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of Treg cell heterogeneity is needed to safely and effectively exploit their therapeutic potential. From a clinical perspective, the recent decade has seen different clinical teams commence and complete first‐in‐man clinical trials utilising Treg cells as an adoptive cellular therapy. In this review, we discuss these trials from a translational perspective with an important focus on safety. Finally, we identify crucial knowledge gaps for future study.
Small mammal species richness and turnover along elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain, Yunnan, Southwest China
Authors: Chen Zhongzheng , Li Xueyou , Song Wenyu , Li Quan , Onditi Kenneth , Khanal Laxman , Jiang Xuelong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the species diversity patterns along elevational gradients is critical for biodiversity conservation in mountainous regions. We examined the elevational patterns of species richness and turnover, and evaluated the effects of spatial and environmental factors on nonvolant small mammals (hereafter “small mammal”) predicted a priori by alternative hypotheses (mid‐domain effect [MDE], species–area relationship [SAR], energy, environmental stability, and habitat complexity]) proposed to explain the variation of diversity. We designed a standardized sampling scheme to trap small mammals at ten elevational bands across the entire elevational gradient on Yulong Mountain, southwest China. A total of 1,808 small mammals representing 23 species were trapped. We observed the hump‐shaped distribution pattern of the overall species richness along elevational gradient. Insectivores, rodents, large‐ranged species, and endemic species richness showed the general hump‐shaped pattern but peaked at different elevations, whereas the small‐ranged species and endemic species favored the decreasing richness pattern. The MDE and the energy hypothesis were supported, whereas little support was found for the SAR, the environmental stability hypothesis, and the habitat complexity. However, the primary driver(s) for richness patterns differed among the partitioning groups, with NDVI (the normalized difference vegetation index) and MDE being the most important variables for the total richness pattern. Species turnover for all small mammal groups increased with elevation, and it supported a decrease in community similarity with elevational distance. Our results emphasized for increased conservation efforts in the higher elevation regions of the Yulong Mountain.
The immune checkpoint receptor associated phosphatases SHP‐1 and SHP‐2 are not required for γδT17 cell development, activation, or skin inflammation
Authors: Kadekar Darshana , Agerholm Rasmus , Viñals Monica Torrellas , Rizk John , Bekiaris Vasileios 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIL‐17‐producing gamma delta (γδT17) cells are innate lymphocytes critical for antibacterial protection at barrier surfaces such as the skin but also highly pathogenic during inflammation. It is therefore important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that could counter‐balance overt γδT17 cell activation. Immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs) deliver inhibitory signals to activated lymphocytes and have been implicated as negative regulators of mouse γδT17 cells. In this report, we investigated the cytokine signals that induce ICR expression on γδT17 cells and studied the in vivo role of the Src‐homology‐2 phosphatases 1 and 2 (SHP‐1 and SHP‐2) in the context of γδT17‐induced psoriasis. We found that surface expression of ICRs can be induced by cytokines; however, SHP‐1 or SHP‐2 could not inhibit γδT17 responses. In this regard, conditional deletion of SHP‐1, SHP‐2, or both did no impact γδT17 cell development, expansion, cytokine production, or skin pathology.
The morphology and geomorphic evolution of a large chain‐of‐ponds river system
Authors: Williams Rory T. , Fryirs Kirstie A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRivers with discontinuous watercourses are part of the spectrum of river diversity. Chain‐of‐ponds types contain irregularly spaced, steep‐sided ponds that are separated by preferential flow paths on swampy valley fill. They often contain endangered ecological communities and are receiving greater attention for conservation and restoration. Very little is known about how these river types form, how they have evolved and how they function. Here we present the Late‐Quaternary evolution of one of the last remaining large‐scale chain‐of‐ponds systems in Australia, the Mulwaree Ponds. The chain‐of‐ponds was fully formed by 4.5 ka, with the position and alignment of the ponds being related to the position of pools of a palaeo‐river that is up to 100 ka old. Contemporary hydrogeomorphic processes are insufficient to create the ponds, but sufficient to maintain and keep them open. The phases of evolution for this chain‐of‐ponds system are synchronous with Late‐Quaternary changes in fluvial activity documented for other rivers in southeastern Australia. The ponds at Mulwaree have significant preservation potential over thousands of years. In the current landscape they are rare forms, providing significant grounds for conservation and protection of their distinctive geodiversity. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates astrocyte oxidative metabolism by balancing TCA cycle dynamics
Authors: Voss Caroline M. , Andersen Jens V. , Jakobsen Emil , Siamka Olga , Karaca Melis , Maechler Pierre , Waagepetersen Helle S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor located in cells throughout the human body. From the periphery, AMPK is known to be a metabolic master switch controlling the use of energy fuels. The energy sensor is activated when the energy status of the cell is low, initiating energy‐producing pathways and deactivating energy‐consuming pathways. All brain cells are crucially dependent on energy production for survival, and the availability of energy substrates must be closely regulated. Intriguingly, the role of AMPK in the regulation of brain cell metabolism has been sparsely investigated, particularly in astrocytes. By investigating metabolism of 13C‐labeled energy substrates in acutely isolated hippocampal slices and cultured astrocytes, with subsequent mass spectrometry analysis, we here show that activation of AMPK increases glycolysis as well as the capacity of the TCA cycle, that is, anaplerosis, through the activity of pyruvate carboxylase (PC) in astrocytes. In addition, we demonstrate that AMPK activation leads to augmented astrocytic glutamate oxidation via pyruvate recycling (i.e., cataplerosis). This regulatory mechanism induced by AMPK activation is mediated via glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) shown in a CNS‐specific GDH knockout mouse. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that AMPK regulates TCA cycle dynamics in astrocytes via PC and GDH activity. AMPK functionality has been shown to be hampered in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and our findings may therefore add to the toolbox for discovery of new metabolic drug targets.
Seeing your own or someone else's hand moving in accordance with your action: The neural interaction of agency and hand identity
Authors: Uhlmann Lukas , Pazen Mareike , van Kemenade Bianca M. , Steinsträter Olaf , Harris Laurence R. , Kircher Tilo , Straube Benjamin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractForward models can predict sensory consequences of self‐action, which is reflected by less neural processing for actively than passively generated sensory inputs (BOLD suppression effect). However, it remains open whether forward models take the identity of a moving body part into account when predicting the sensory consequences of an action. In the current study, fMRI was used to investigate the neural correlates of active and passive hand movements during which participants saw either an on‐line display of their own hand or someone else's hand moving in accordance with their movement. Participants had to detect delays (0–417 ms) between their movement and the displays. Analyses revealed reduced activation in sensory areas and higher delay detection thresholds for active versus passive movements. Furthermore, there was increased activation in the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the middle temporal gyrus when someone else's hand was seen. Most importantly, in posterior parietal (angular gyrus and precuneus), frontal (middle, superior, and medial frontal gyrus), and temporal (middle temporal gyrus) regions, suppression for actively versus passively generated feedback was stronger when participants were viewing their own compared to someone else's hand. Our results suggest that forward models can take hand identity into account when predicting sensory action consequences.
Evaluation of the quality of the information received during head and neck cancer announcement: Prospective two‐center study
Authors: Thibouw François , Duvillard Christian , Thibouw David , Bertaut Aurélie , Blanc Julie , Vulquin Noémie , Chevalier Cédric , Guigou Caroline , Folia Mireille 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundProviding patient with cancer with appropriate information following the disclosure of a cancer diagnosis has multiple benefits. The objective was to evaluate the quality of the information received during an announcement for head and neck cancer and to determine predictive factors.MethodsWe conducted a prospective two‐center study using self‐questionnaires to assess the patient's perception of the quality of the announcement.ResultsSatisfaction scores on the information provided about the overall disease were 7.7/10.The main positive predictors of quality were a satisfactory consultation setting (P = .004), assessment of pain by a physician (P = .04), physician availability (P = .003), accurate information about tumor stage, quality of information regarding the type (P < .0001) and purpose (P = .001) of treatment and its side effects (P = .006), and the interview with the oncology nurse coordinator (P < .05).ConclusionsPatients who received the announcement of head and neck cancer perceived the information received during the pretherapeutic period as satisfactory.
In vitro studies of solution precursor plasma‐sprayed copper‐doped hydroxyapatite coatings with increasing copper content
Authors: Unabia Romnick B. , Candidato Rolando T. , Pawłowski Lech , Salvatori Roberta , Bellucci Devis , Cannillo Valeria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this present study, in vitro characterization on bioactivity and biocompatibility of the copper‐doped hydroxyapatite (Cu‐HA) coatings deposited onto Ti6Al4V alloy with increasing copper content obtained using solution precursor plasma spray process were evaluated under simulated body fluid (SBF) and cytotoxicity tests. The growth of flake‐like structures was observed at the coatings' surface after 7 days of immersion in SBF. Elemental composition analysis showed a calcium‐deficient carbonate‐containing apatite for the grown layer. Broadening of the HA peaks were also observed in the X‐ray diffraction patterns and infrared absorption spectra of the immersed coatings associated with the possible formation of an amorphous layer at the surface of the coatings. Copper incorporation does not alter the bioactivity of HA but only slowed down for 10 mol% copper content. Cytotoxicity evaluation using MTT assays showed that 3 mol% Cu‐HA coating was not toxic under in vitro characterizations.
Microbe‐Dependent Exacerbated Alveolar Bone Destruction in Heterozygous Cherubism Mice
Authors: Kittaka Mizuho , Yoshimoto Tetsuya , Schlosser Collin , Kajiya Mikihito , Kurihara Hidemi , Reichenberger Ernst J , Ueki Yasuyoshi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTCherubism (OMIM#118400) is a craniofacial disorder characterized by destructive jaw expansion. Gain‐of‐function mutations in SH3‐domain binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) are responsible for this rare disorder. We have previously shown that homozygous knock‐in (KI) mice (Sh3bp2
KI/KI) recapitulate human cherubism by developing inflammatory lesions in the jaw. However, it remains unknown why heterozygous KI mice (Sh3bp2
KI/+) do not recapitulate the excessive jawbone destruction in human cherubism, even though all mutations are heterozygous in humans. We hypothesized that Sh3bp2
KI/+ mice need to be challenged for developing exacerbated jawbone destruction and that bacterial stimulation in the oral cavity may be involved in the mechanism. In this study, we applied a ligature‐induced periodontitis model to Sh3bp2
KI/+ mice to induce inflammatory alveolar bone destruction. Ligature placement induced alveolar bone resorption with gingival inflammation. Quantification of alveolar bone volume revealed that Sh3bp2
KI/+ mice developed more severe bone loss (male: 43.0% ± 10.6%, female: 42.6% ± 10.4%) compared with Sh3bp2
+/+ mice (male: 25.8% ± 4.0%, female: 30.9% ± 6.5%). Measurement of bone loss by the cement‐enamel junction–alveolar bone crest distance showed no difference between Sh3bp2
KI/+ and Sh3bp2
+/+ mice. The number of osteoclasts on the alveolar bone surface was higher in male Sh3bp2
KI/+ mice, but not in females, compared with Sh3bp2
+/+ mice. In contrast, inflammatory cytokine levels in gingiva were comparable between Sh3bp2
KI/+ and Sh3bp2
+/+ mice with ligatures. Genetic deletion of the spleen tyrosine kinase in myeloid cells and antibiotic treatment suppressed alveolar bone loss in Sh3bp2
KI/+ mice, suggesting that increased osteoclast differentiation and function mediated by SYK and accumulation of oral bacteria are responsible for the increased alveolar bone loss in Sh3bp2
KI/+ mice with ligature‐induced periodontitis. High amounts of oral bacterial load caused by insufficient oral hygiene could be a trigger for the initiation of jawbone destruction in human cherubism. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ALKBH5 gene polymorphisms and Wilms tumor risk in Chinese children: A five‐center case‐control study
Authors: Hua Rui‐Xi , Liu Jiabin , Fu Wen , Zhu Jinhong , Zhang Jiao , Cheng Jiwen , Li Suhong , Zhou Haixia , Xia Huimin , He Jing , Zhuo Zhenjian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWilms tumor is a frequently diagnosed renal cancer among children with unclear genetic causes. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification genes play critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, whether genetic variations of m6A modification genes predispose to Wilms tumor remain unclear. ALKBH5 (AlkB homolog 5), a crucial member of m6A modification genes, encodes a demethylase that functions to reverse m6A RNA methylation.MethodsHerein, we evaluated the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the m6A modification gene ALKBH5 and Wilms tumor susceptibility in a large multi‐center case‐control study. A total of 414 Wilms tumor cases and 1199 healthy controls were genotyped for ALKBH5 rs1378602 and rs8400 polymorphisms by TaqMan.ResultsNo significant association was detected between these two polymorphisms and Wilms tumor risk. Moreover, 1, 2, and 1‐2 protective genotypes (rs1378602 AG/AA or rs8400 GG) did not significantly reduce Wilms tumor risk, compared with risk genotypes only. Stratification analysis revealed a significant relationship between rs1378602 AG/AA genotypes and decreased Wilms tumor risk in children in clinical stage I diseases [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.32‐0.98, P = .042]. The presence of 1‐2 protective genotypes was correlated with decreased Wilms tumor risk in subgroups of age > 18 months, when compared to the absence of protective genotypes (adjusted OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56‐0.98, P = .035).ConclusionCollectively, our results demonstrate that ALKBH5 SNPs may exert a weak influence on susceptibility to Wilms tumor. This finding increases the understanding of the role of the m6A gene in tumorigenesis of Wilms tumor.
Total sulfur analysis of fine particulate mass on nylon filters by ICP–OES
Authors: Dombek Tracy , Poitras Eric , Hand Jenny , Schichtel Bret , Harrington James M. , Levine Keith E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSulfur (S) and sulfate (SO42−) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are monitored by the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network at remote and rural sites across the United States. Within the IMPROVE network, S is determined from X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy from a Teflon filter, and SO42− is determined via ion chromatography (IC) from a nylon filter. Differences in S and SO42− estimates may indicate the presence of organosulfur (OS) species or biases between sampling and analytical methods. To reduce potential biases, an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES) method was developed to allow for analysis of SO42− and S from a single filter extract. Sulfur (ICP–OES) and SO42− (IC) estimates from 2016 IMPROVE filters correlated strongly, suggesting that, on average, ICP–OES accurately estimated S. However, observed differences between slopes suggested the presence of water‐soluble OS species, especially during summer. Organosulfur species are important indicators of secondary organic aerosols formed through reactions of biogenic and anthropogenic pollutants and can be quantified through laboratory techniques such as reverse‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) or hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled to electrospray ionization–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC/ESI‐HR–MS/MS and HILIC/ESI–HR–MS/MS, respectively), and field techniques using Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS). However, these methods are costly and introduce relatively large uncertainties when scaled for large networks such as IMPROVE. The method described in this report provides an inexpensive complement to XRF, which measures total S (insoluble and water‐soluble S) to estimate water‐soluble S and OS concentrations in PM.
Practices in synagogues regarding Jewish genetic disease education
Authors: Thomsen Allison J. , Matthews Anne L. , Mitchell Anna L. , Cohen Leslie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractApproximately one in three Ashkenazi Jews are carriers for an autosomal recessive Jewish genetic disease (JGD). However, studies indicate that most Jews are uneducated on this topic and obstetricians do not routinely offer carrier screening to Jewish patients. Both the Reform and Conservative movements of Judaism call for JGD education to take place within the synagogue; however, little is known about the extent of this education occurring today. An online survey was created for Reform and Conservative rabbis to assess the types of JGD education taking place within the synagogue. Additionally, the survey included questions to assess JGD knowledge and possible factors that could predict counseling activity and knowledge level. Of the 94 participants, 91% had provided education about JGDs to congregants, with 98.8% providing this education during premarital counseling sessions. For most respondents, explaining recessive inheritance pattern and carrier screening was the extent of the discussion. Additionally, the majority of rabbis scored below 50% on the knowledge portion of the survey, with an average score of 1.9/4. There were no statistically significant differences between JGD education in Reform vs. Conservative synagogues, and there were no statistically significant predictors of knowledge score or JGD education frequency. In conclusion, while the number of rabbis discussing this topic is encouraging, discussion topics were found to be limited and their knowledge of JGDs was found to be poor.
Application of metal free aromatization to total synthesis of perlolyrin, flazin, eudistomin U and harmane
Authors: Santhanam Srinath , Ramu Abinaya , Baburaj Baskar , Kalpatu Kuppusamy Balasubramanian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractApplication of our recently reported metal free reaction conditions to the total synthesis of the four different and selective biologically interesting β‐carboline natural products is reported. Using this simple methodology, flazin, perlolyrine, eudistomin U and harmane containing heteroaryl and alkyl substituents at C1 position were synthesized in good yields.image