bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic, Antiproliferation, and Necrosis Effects of the n-Hexane Fraction Extract of Gendola Leaf (Basella rubra Linn.)
Authors: Harianja Sri Hartini , Salni Salni , Subandrate Subandrate 
Published: January 2020

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Several studies have been conducted on natural materials to see the ability of its activity as a new anticancer compound. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of Gendola leaf (Basella rubra Linn.) extracts and fractions, in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of T47D breast cancer cells. The design of this study was experimental laboratory research using the in-vitro method. Cytotoxic and anti-proliferation tests on T47D cancer were using the MTT method, and the apoptosis test was using the flow cytometry method. Cytotoxic of extracts and fractions of n-hexane Gendola leaves were tested with a concentration series of 1000; 500; 250; 125; 62.5 μg/mL and doxorubicin was studied a series concentration of 0.5; 0.25; 0.125; 0.0625; 0.03125 μg/mL for 24 hours. Antiproliferation test used n-hexane fraction with a concentration series of 1IC50, ½IC50, ¼IC50, and ⅛IC50 with an incubation time of 24 and 48 hours. Apoptosis test utilized n-hexane fraction with a concentration series of 1IC50, ½IC50 with an incubation time of 24 hours. The results showed that the ethanol extract had IC50 424 μg/mL, n-hexane fraction 292 μg/mL. The n-hexane fraction had an anti-proliferation effect at a concentration of 1IC50 within 32 hours but was unable to induce T47D cell apoptosis. These results indicate that the n-hexane fraction of Gendola leaf has a cytotoxic effect, which can inhibit proliferation, that is unable to induce apoptosis but induce necrosis of T47D breast cancer cells.
Citizen Science in Archiven
Authors: Becker Denny 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Fotografie hat sich seit ihrer Entstehung zum Massenmedium entwickelt. Die technische Weiterentwicklung führte im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert zur Explosion der fotografischen Überlieferungen. Mit dem Wandel zur Informations- und Mediengesellschaft und der steigenden Bedeutung der Fotografie als wissenschaftliche Quelle, steigen auch die Anforderungen an Archive, diese Quellengattung angemessen zu erschließen und der Forschung zugänglich zu machen. Für die Archive bedeutet die Erschließung von Fotobeständen eine hohe Herausforderung. Einerseits ist die große Masse kaum zu bewältigen, andererseits fehlt es den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern häufig an Wissen über den historischen Kontext. In den Archivwissenschaften werden derzeit neue Erschließungsmethoden diskutiert und erprobt, um durch sogenanntes Crowdsourcing Nutzerinnen und Nutzer an der Erschließung zu beteiligen. Der Artikel beschreibt verschiedene Crowdsourcing-Projekte für die Erschließung genealogischer und fotografischer Archivalien und stellt Chancen und Risiken gegenüber.
Environmentally assisted cracking of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel in heavy liquid metals
Authors: Hojná Anna , Halodová Patricie , Chocholoušek Michal , Špirit Zbyněk , Rozumová Lucia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to advance material development for future nuclear systems, an insight into the cracking conditions of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel in heavy liquid metals (HLM) is provided. The paper critically reviews previous experimental data and summarizes them with new results. The new testing of T91 steel was performed in contact with slow flow and static HLM to study crack initiation, especially in liquid PbBi eutectic at 300°–350°C and Pb at 400°C with about 1 × 10−6 wt.% of oxygen. Pre-stressed coupons were exposed to the liquid metals for up to 2000 h. Constant extension rate tests (CERTs) were performed in the liquid metals to accelerate cracking development. Under static conditions, the testing resulted in oxidation without any crack observation. Under the CERT ones, the T91 steel showed a tendency to crack initiation in PbBi, while in Pb, cracks were not initiated even when the oxide layer was broken. Moreover, the environmentally assisted crack initiated at the maximum load and continued to grow under further loading without unstable failure. Both previous and new data have confirmed that high stress and plastic strain are pre-conditions for the environmentally assisted cracking of T91 in static HLM. It indicates that in the systems utilizing continuous oxygen control of HLM, the LME/EAC of the T91 could develop only in the beyond design load conditions. Further testing is necessary to address the HLM flow speed effect.
Design and Development of 3D Printed MIMO RDRA with Two Directional Pattern Diversity for LTE Applications
Authors: Samudrala Varakumari , Pamula Vinay Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA two-port MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) has been studied and developed. The proposed antenna consists of a single Rectangular DRA (RDRA). The antenna is integrated with the substrate and electrified using coaxial feed, which excites hybrid TM mode in the DR. The mutual coupling within both the ports has been reduced by employing copper shielded on two vertical walls of a rectangular cavity in the centre of DRA. A parametric study has been done to attain optimum parameters, and then the proposed antenna has been fabricated. The presented antenna with acceptable MIMO characteristics covers a measured bandwidth of 1.24 GHz (2.16 GHz – 3.4 GHz) for |S11| ≤ −10 dB, which can operate on LTE bands. The measured isolation between the two ports in the operating band is more than 25 dB. The proposed antenna renders easy fabrication and feeding with good MIMO characteristics. Therefore, the proposed 3D printable MIMO antenna is worthy for LTE applications.
Assessment of health-related quality of life in Egyptian children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Musa Noha , Asem Noha , Basyony Shaza , Fawaz Lubna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic disorder causing adrenal insufficiency and hyperandrogenism affecting the quality of life (QOL). The objective of the study was to assess the health-related QOL (HRQOL) in Egyptian children and adolescents with CAH and to identify factors affecting it.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 200 CAH patients (with 21-hydroxylase deficiency [21-OHD]) who were assessed according to their age, sex, clinical phenotype, timing of genitoplasty, hospital admissions within the last year, compliance to treatment, regularity of follow-up, presence of complications and hormonal control. HRQOL was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO)QOL-BREF questionnaire with four domains analyzed independently including physical, psychological, social and environmental domains, with higher scores indicating better QOL.

Results
The study included 140 females and 60 males with a mean age of 6.6 ± 4.5 years, and 88% were salt-wasting (SW). Older patients had significantly lower QOL scores (r = − 0.151, p = 0.033). The physical domain correlated significantly with the degree of virilization (r = − 0.491, p = 0.001) and frequency of hospitalization (r = − 0.495, p < 0.001). The psychological domain was affected by age (r = − 0.157, p = 0.026) and timing of genitoplasty (r = − 0.326, p = 0.001), while the social domain was affected by age (r = −0.277, p < 0.005) and pubertal stage (r = − 0.195, p = 0.006). Females had lower scores at the psychological domain (p < 0.001), whereas males had lower scores at the physical domain (p = 0.003). Salt-losing patients had lower scores at the physical domain (p = 0.001). Patients with good hormonal control had higher scores at the physical domain (p = 0.03). Genitoplasty affected both psychological and social domains (p = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively). Patients with hypertension and hirsutism had lower QOL scores (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
HRQOL was relatively more affected in CAH patients with older age, poor hormonal control, high frequency of hospital admissions and those who developed complications.
“Sacra Tharrhica Project”: Preliminary Results of 3D Virtual Reconstruction of the Punic-Roman Sacred Areas of Tharros, Sardinia
Authors: Belfiori Francesco , Floris Stefano , Marano Melania 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The “Sacra Tharrhica Project” was started by the University of Bologna in cooperation with the University of Cagliari in 2017. The aim is to obtain a 3D virtual reconstruction of all temple structures of the Punic settlement of Tharros on the central west coast of Sardinia, starting from a systematic architectural and archaeological study of the Punic and Roman phases of the buildings. The project has firstly focused on the “Monumental Temple” or “Doric half-columns Temple”. This Punic sacred area was probably monumentalized between the late 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. After the Roman conquest, it was rebuilt between the 1st century B.C. and the 1st century A.D.
E-customer behaviour and cross border shopping development
Authors: Jílková Petra , Králová Petra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The digitalisation of business processes, cultural backgrounds and consequences on behavioural differences make a direct impact on customer purchase behaviours across different markets. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of the economic situation in the selected countries regarding the e-commerce business. On the sample of the situation in the Czech Republic, the article presents the increasing potential of e-commerce and focuses not only on the statistics review but on the psychological aspects of online behaviour. Firstly, the paper presents a theoretical model for customer purchase behaviour and the development of the theory in correspondence with B2C e-commerce background. Secondly, this research analyses the main aspects of shopping behaviour in selected countries; the research shows the main characteristics of shopping and provides a better understanding of the impact of digitalisation. Finally, the paper confirmed the fact that the Czech e-commerce market is developed and has potential to grow nationally and internationally. The paper investigates online shopping for the period between 2010 – 2017. Finally, the authors discuss all the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
Polish accounts of the participation of the Lithuanian armed forces in the battle of Kryżbork/Jakobstadt of 26 July (5 August) 1704
Authors: Kościelniak Karol 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Great Northern War changed not only the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but also the countries of Central Europe. This war brought many tactical and strategic innovations that could be observed on the battlefields and during the war campaigns. That is why it seems appropriate to recall the battles that took place during the Great Northern War. An example of such a battle is a clash between the Swedish-Lithuanian army and Lithuanian-Russian army, which took place near Kryżbork/Jakobstadt on 26 July (5 August) 1704. In this battle the Lithuanian troops fought on both sides. On the Swedish side they were commanded by Kazimierz Jan Sapieha, and on the Russian side – by Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki.
Rhetorical structure analysis of prepared speeches and argumentative essays by Chinese advanced English learners
Authors: Wang Yuemin , Wu Hongyun , Cui Gang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the interrelationship between modes of argumentation and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ rhetorical strategies, by adopting the analytical framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) to produce reliable analyses of rhetorical structures of two most frequently required tasks in the Chinese context. The sample texts consist of 20 prepared speeches and 20 argumentative essays, both written by Chinese advanced EFL learners. The findings reveal that: (1) the essays favor a more direct structure with central units at the beginning while the speeches favor a more indirect structure with central units near the end; (2) Background, Circumstance and Preparation relations appear more frequently at the beginning of the speeches, while the Summary relation appears more frequently at the end of the essays; (3) the two most typical top-level patterns of rhetorical structure in the essays resemble the two patterns in the speeches, but with systematic variation and in reversed orders. The results reflect the active role of rhetorical situation in constructing different modes of argumentation for advanced EFL learners. This study could enrich the scope of the application of RST, and provide pedagogical implications for writing in EFL contexts.
Signal Propagation via Open-Loop Intrathalamic Architectures: A Computational Model
Authors: Brown Jeffrey W. , Taheri Aynaz , Kenyon Robert V. , Berger-Wolf Tanya Y. , Llano Daniel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPropagation of signals across the cerebral cortex is a core component of many cognitive processes and is generally thought to be mediated by direct intracortical connectivity. The thalamus, by contrast, is considered to be devoid of internal connections and organized as a collection of parallel inputs to the cortex. Here, we provide evidence that “open-loop” intrathalamic pathways involving the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) can support propagation of oscillatory activity across the cortex. Recent studies support the existence of open-loop thalamo-reticulo-thalamic (TC-TRN-TC) synaptic motifs in addition to traditional closed-loop architectures. We hypothesized that open-loop structural modules, when connected in series, might underlie thalamic and, therefore cortical, signal propagation. Using a supercomputing platform to simulate thousands of permutations of a thalamocortical network based on physiological data collected in mice, rats, ferrets, and cats and in which select synapses were allowed to vary both by class and individually, we evaluated the relative capacities of closed-loop and open-loop TC-TRN-TC synaptic configurations to support both propagation and oscillation. We observed that (1) signal propagation was best supported in networks possessing strong open-loop TC-TRN-TC connectivity; (2) intrareticular synapses were neither primary substrates of propagation nor oscillation; and (3) heterogeneous synaptic networks supported more robust propagation of oscillation than their homogeneous counterparts. These findings suggest that open-loop, heterogeneous intrathalamic architectures might complement direct intracortical connectivity to facilitate cortical signal propagation.
Conflictos bélicos en la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil: Guerra del Conflicto Armado en Colombia y Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Ortegón Sepúlveda Luisa Fernanda 
Published: January 2020

Cuando Hitler robó el conejo rosa y La luna en los almendros son novelas de la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil con una narrativa histórica. Pese a tener ocurrencia de los hechos en espacios geográficos diametralmente opuestos, tienen varios factores en común, entre ellos tener un contenido de guerra en el que los niños no solo son los protagonistas, sino los ojos a través de los cuales vemos y sentimos la historia. La primera de ellas hace referencia a la época de la Alemania Nazi ubicada entre 1933 y 1935, en que Adolf Hitler era candidato de ascenso al poder, que desencadenaría en unos años después en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la segunda obra literaria obedece al conflicto interno armado que ha vivido Colombia por más de 50 años. Ambas obras abarcan la temática del conflicto bélico desde una visión ajena a la adulta. De ese modo el desplazamiento forzado al que se ven obligados los protagonistas de los libros es contado de manera más sencilla pero no menos seria, lo cual sin duda alguna aporta memoria histórica en este sistema literario.
Classical texts in the art treatises of early Modern Period
Authors: Riklius Tomas 
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the quotation frequency and reference strategies of Leon Battista Alberti, Federico Borromeo, and Gabriele Paleotti. These three Catholic art theoreticians of Early Modern period engaged Classical texts as the point of reference and expertly manipulated the Classical sources to provide contextual arguments in the formation of their own artistic theories. Alberti, Borromeo, and Paleotti directly alluded or referred to Pliny the Elder, Plutarch, Xenophon, Strabo, Aulus Gellius, and other Classical sources rather extensively. This can be noticed from various quotation strategies applied in Alberti, Borromeo, and Paleotti treatises and by statistical data on quotation frequency in Alberti’s De pictura, Paleotti’s Discorso intorno alle immagini sacre e profane, and Borromeo’s De pictura sacra.
Risk Factors for the Development of Hospital-Associated Venous Thromboembolism in Adult Patients Admitted to a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Moss Stephanie R. , Jenkins Ashley M. , Caldwell Alicia K. , Herbst Brian F. , Kelleher Matthew E. , Kinnear Benjamin , Ambroggio Lilliam , Herbst Lori A. , Chima Ranjit S. , O’Toole Jennifer K. 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) is a leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality in adults. Our objective was to describe HA-VTE and evaluate risk factors for its development in adults admitted to a children’s hospital, which has not been previously studied. We also evaluated the performance of commonly used risk assessment tools for HA-VTE.

METHODS:
A case-control study was performed at a freestanding children’s hospital. Cases of HA-VTE in patients ≥18 years old (2013–2017) and age-matched controls were identified. We extracted patient and HA-VTE characteristics and HA-VTE risk factors on the basis of previous literature. Thrombosis risk assessment was performed retrospectively by using established prospective adult tools (Caprini and Padua scores).

RESULTS:
Thirty-nine cases and 78 controls were identified. Upper extremities were the most common site of thrombosis (62%). Comorbid conditions were common (91.5%), and malignancy was more common among case patients than controls (P = .04). The presence of a central venous catheter (P &lt; .01), longer length of stay (P &lt; .01), ICU admission (P = .005), and previous admission within 30 days (P = .01) were more common among case patients when compared with controls. Median Caprini score was higher for case patients (P &lt; .01), whereas median Padua score was similar between groups (P = .08).

CONCLUSIONS:
HA-VTE in adults admitted to children’s hospitals is an important consideration in a growing high-risk patient population. HA-VTE characteristics in our study were more similar to published data in pediatrics.
Utility of Birth Certificate Data for Evaluating Hospital Variation in Admissions to NICUs
Authors: Haidari Eman S. , Lee Henry C. , Illuzzi Jessica L. , Lin Haiqun , Xu Xiao 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Efforts to study potential overuse of NICU admissions and hospital variation in practice are often hindered by a lack of an appropriate data source. We examined the concordance of hospital-level NICU admission rates between birth certificate data and California Children’s Services (CCS) data to inform the utility of birth certificate data in studying hospital variation in NICU admissions.

METHODS:
We analyzed birth certificate data from California in 2012 and hospital-specific summary data from CCS regarding NICU admissions. NICU admission rates were calculated for both data sets while using CCS data as the gold standard. The difference between birth certificate–based and CCS-based NICU admission rates was assessed by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and concordance between the 2 rates was evaluated by using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient and Kendall’s W concordance coefficient.

RESULTS:
Among a total of 103 hospitals that were linked between the 2 data sets, birth certificate data generally underreported NICU admission rates compared with CCS data (median = 7.72% vs 11.51%; P &lt; .001). However, in a subset of 35 hospitals where the difference in NICU admission rates between the 2 data sets was small, the birth certificate–based NICU admission rate showed good concordance with the rate from CCS data (Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient = 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.95; Kendall’s W concordance coefficient = 0.99; P &lt; .001). Hospitals with good-concordance data did not differ from other hospitals in the institutional characteristics assessed.

CONCLUSIONS:
For a selected subset of hospitals, birth certificate data may offer a reasonable means to investigate hospital variation in NICU admissions.
Adolescent Intentional Ingestions in a Community Hospital
Authors: Jones Michael J. , Lin Amber L. , Marshall Rebecca D. , Sheridan David C. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in the adolescent population, presenting a public health crisis. The goal of this study was to evaluate adolescent intentional ingestions in a community hospital and to identify variables associated with the risk of admission to inpatient medical and psychiatric settings.

METHODS:
This study was a retrospective chart review from a hospital system in the Pacific Northwest over 2 years for patients aged 9 to 18 years. Variables examined include age, sex, type of ingestion, emergency department length of stay (LOS), admission to the inpatient setting, LOS of inpatient admission, admission to psychiatry, presence of a therapist, and insurance type.

RESULTS:
During the study period, 233 individual intentional ingestions occurred. The most commonly ingested substances were psychiatric medications (30.9%), prescription medications (28.3%), and ibuprofen (24.0%). One-third of patients (33.9%) required admission to a medical hospital, whereas one-quarter (24.9%) required admission to a psychiatric hospital. The following variables were associated with risk of admission to a medical hospital: female sex, shorter emergency department LOS, and ingestion of psychiatric medications, prescription medication, and/or salicylates. Risk of admission to a psychiatric hospital was associated with an inpatient medical admission, an increased duration of medical admission, and an ingestion of a psychiatric medication.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we describe important epidemiology on adolescent intentional ingestions in a community setting, providing variables associated with a risk of admission to medical and psychiatric hospitals.
Prevalence of orofacial trauma in soccer players of a Brazilian club
Authors: Capitanio de Souza Barbara , Leci Fernandes Larissa , Magalhaes Barreto Debora , Robert Springer Cornelis 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: The objectives of the study were to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries in soccer players of a Brazilian club, considering the category, the position in the field, and the most affected anatomic site, through medical records.
Methods: A total of 126 charts of players from the base categories (sub-15, sub-17, and sub-20) and male and female professional categories from 2016 to 2018 were evaluated. It was considered inclusion criteria to be a soccer player hired by a club in the indicated period. The exclusion criteria of the study correspond to the medical records registered after the chronological date stipulated or that did not have the correct registry of the occurred trauma.
Results: The data analyzed presented a moderate value in relation to the orofacial traumas prevalence, and 64.3% of the athletes of the club have some record type of trauma in the face. We observed that soft-tissue lacerations of the lips and dental fractures present the highest frequencies (73% and 27%, respectively). The positions of defender, striker, and midfield are the most susceptible to injuries (31%, 24%, and 23%, respectively).
Conclusion: Dental and orofacial trauma are a problem commonly encountered in sports, being present also in collective sports, such as football. It was observed a moderate prevalence of injuries on the face, especially among the athletes who are ahead of the attack line, with lip lacerations and dental fractures being the most common events.