bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of free oral mucosal graft for treatment of feline eyelid agenesis in seven patients
Authors: Warren Christi , Grozdanic Sinisa , Reinstein Shelby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a simple and effective surgery for feline eyelid agenesis.ProcedureFree oral mucosal grafts were harvested from the upper lips of the surgical patients. A recipient bed was created by incising the conjunctiva at the conjunctival‐skin border and opening a space in the tissue with blunt dissection without removal of tissue. The free oral mucosal graft was sutured into the space with simple continuous suture pattern of 7‐0 Vicryl.ResultsEyelids were cosmetically acceptable at final examination, and areas of coloboma appeared less prominent. Patient comfort was improved in all subjects as subjectively noted by decreased blepharospasm. All grafts were successfully incorporated. All patients developed brown‐colored crusting over the grafts within days of the surgery, which gradually resolved over a 4‐ to 6‐week period. Three of seven patients developed few trichiatic hairs at the donor‐recipient junction, and two of these patients had follow‐up cryoepilation.ConclusionFor feline eyelid agenesis, free oral mucosal graft implantation was successful in creating space between fur and cornea with insertion of smooth‐surfaced, hairless tissue, alleviating the discomfort of hair contacting the cornea. The extra tissue can also create a small overhang or fold of tissue (pseudo‐lid) which may also be protective. For two cases, cryoepilation of few trichiatic hairs at the donor‐recipient border was performed at a later date. As illustrated by case 3, use of a long and wide rectangular graft with squared edges is recommended to lessen the chance of trichiasis at lateral or medial edges of recipient‐donor junctions.
PERSONHOOD AND CREATION IN AN AGE OF ROBOTS AND AI: CAN WE SAY “YOU” TO ARTIFACTS?
Authors: Burdett Michael S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article explores the extent to which the I‐You relation should be applied to domains other than the human and the divine focusing particularly on artifacts and technology. Drawing first on the work of Martin Buber, Gabriel Marcel, and Martin Heidegger, I contend that the I‐You tradition has maintained I‐You relations with objects are possible even when these same figures level strong critiques of the I‐It relation. I extend these discussions and argue that some kind of You‐speaking for artifacts is needed to combat rampant consumption and reduction of the world to pure utility. But, I equally suggest that there are limitations to applying the I‐You relation to artifacts precisely when doing so keeps us from having genuine relationships with other people as outlined by psychologist Sherry Turkle. Finally, I outline how this proposal impacts the doctrine of creation. In sum, it expands our intuitions of what is included in that doctrine creation.
BUDDHISM, FREE WILL, AND PUNISHMENT: TAKING BUDDHIST ETHICS SERIOUSLY
Authors: Caruso Gregg D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, there has been growing interest among philosophers in what the various Buddhist traditions have said, can say, and should say, in response to the traditional problem of free will. This article investigates the relationship between Buddhist philosophy and the historical problem of free will. It begins by critically examining Rick Repetti'sBuddhism, Meditation, and Free Will(2019), in which he argues for a conception of “agentless agency” and defends a view he calls “Buddhist soft compatibilism.” It then turns to a more wide‐ranging discussion of Buddhism and free will—one that foregrounds Buddhist ethics and takes seriously what the various Buddhist traditions have said about desert, punishment, and the reactive attitudes of resentment, indignation, and moral anger. The article aims to show that, not only is Buddhism best conceived as endorsing a kind of free will skepticism, Buddhist ethics can provide a helpful guide to living without basic desert moral responsibility and free will.
Lipid peroxidation in the descending thoracic aorta of rats deprived of REM sleep using the inverted flowerpot technique
Authors: Nawi Afifah , Eu Koh Liew , Faris Asma Nadia Ahmad , Wan Ahmad Wan Amir Nizam , Noordin Liza 
Published: June 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Deprivation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is associated with increased oxidative stress, but its effects on the blood vessels are poorly documented. We investigated whether REM sleep deprivation induces oxidative stress and causes lipid peroxidation in the aorta.

What is the main finding and its important?
We demonstrate that REM sleep deprivation induces oxidative stress and mediates lipid peroxidation in the aorta. This can cause endothelial changes and increased blood pressure. These findings will contribute to the growing body of literature on the mechanism underlying the effects of sleep deprivation on cardiovascular disease.

AbstractOxidative stress‐mediated lipid peroxidation is a known cause of endothelial injury or dysfunction. Deprivation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is associated with oxidative stress. To date, the pathogenesis of increased blood pressure after sleep deprivation remains poorly understood, particularly in the REM sleep phase. Our aim was to investigate the effects of REM sleep deprivation on blood vessels in the REM sleep‐deprived rat model. Twenty‐eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: free‐moving control rats, rats deprived of REM sleep for 72 h (REMsd), tank control rats and 72 h sleep‐recovered rats after 72 h of REM sleep deprivation. The rats were deprived of REM sleep using the inverted flowerpot technique. Food consumption, body weight gain and systolic blood pressure were monitored. At the end of the experiment, the descending thoracic aorta was isolated for the measurement of oxidative stress markers. Despite a significant increase in food consumption in the REMsd group compared with the other groups, there was a significant reduction in body weight gain. Systolic blood pressure also showed a significant increase in the REMsd group compared with the other groups. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower and malondialdehyde concentrations significantly higher in the REMsd group compared with the other groups. Increased levels of malondialdehyde are suggestive of lipid peroxidation in the blood vessels, and oxidative stress may be attributed to the initiation of the process. The changes after REM sleep deprivation revert during sleep recovery. In conclusion, the findings of the present study provide convincing evidence that REM sleep deprivation induced lipid peroxidation, leading to endothelial damage.
Maternal exercise attenuates the lower skeletal muscle glucose uptake and insulin secretion caused by paternal obesity in female adult rat offspring
Authors: Falcão‐Tebas Filippe , Marin Evelyn C. , Kuang Jujiao , Bishop David J. , McConell Glenn K. 
Published: June 2020

Key points
Paternal obesity negatively influences metabolic outcomes in adult rat offspring.
Maternal voluntary physical activity has previously been reported to improve glucose metabolism in adult rat offspring sired by healthy fathers.
Here, we investigated whether a structured programme of maternal exercise training before and during gestation can attenuate the negative impacts that paternal obesity has on insulin sensitivity and secretion in female adult offspring.
Exercise before and during pregnancy normalised the lower insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and the lower insulin secretion observed in female offspring sired by obese fathers.
This paper presents a feasible, low‐cost and translatable intervention strategy that can be applied perinatally to support multifactor interventions to break the cycle of metabolic dysfunction caused by paternal obesity.
AbstractWe investigated whether maternal exercise before and during gestation could attenuate the negative metabolic effects of paternal high‐fat diet‐induced obesity in female adult rat offspring. Fathers consumed a normal chow or high‐fat diet before mating. Mothers exercised on a treadmill before and during gestation or remained sedentary. In adulthood, female offspring were assessed using intraperitoneal insulin and glucose tolerance tests (IPITT and IPGTT, respectively), pancreatic morphology, ex vivo skeletal muscle insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiratory function. Paternal obesity impaired whole‐body and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in adult offspring. Maternal exercise attenuated the lower insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in offspring sired by obese fathers but distal insulin signalling components (p‐AKT Thr308 and Ser473, p‐TBC1D4 Thr642 and GLUT4) remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Maternal exercise increased citrate synthase activity only in offspring sired by obese fathers. Maternal exercise also reversed the lower insulin secretion in vivo observed in offspring of obese fathers, probably due to an attenuation of the decrease in pancreatic beta cell mass. In summary, maternal exercise before and during pregnancy in rats attenuated skeletal muscle insulin resistance and attenuated the decrease in pancreatic beta cell mass and insulin secretion observed in the female offspring of obese fathers.
Increasing excitation versus decreasing inhibition in auditory cortex: consequences on the discrimination performance between communication sounds
Authors: Gaucher Quentin , Yger Pierre , Edeline Jean‐Marc 
Published: June 2020

Key points
Enhancing cortical excitability can be achieved by either reducing intracortical inhibition or by enhancing intracortical excitation. Here we compare the consequences of reducing intracortical inhibition and of enhancing intracortical excitation on the processing of communication sounds in the primary auditory cortex.
Local application of gabazine and of AMPA enlarged the spectrotemporal receptive fields and increased the responses to communication to the same extent. The Mutual Information (an index of the cortical neurons’ ability to discriminate between natural sounds) was increased in both cases, as were the noise and signal correlations.
Spike‐timing reliability was only increased after gabazine application and post‐excitation suppression was affected in the opposite way: it was increased when reducing the intracortical inhibition but was eliminated by enhancing the excitation.
A computational model suggests that these results can be explained by an additive effect vs. a multiplicative effect
AbstractThe level of excitability of cortical circuits is often viewed as one of the critical factors controlling perceptive performance. In theory, enhancing cortical excitability can be achieved either by reducing inhibitory currents or by increasing excitatory currents. Here, we evaluated whether reducing inhibitory currents or increasing excitatory currents in auditory cortex similarly affects the neurons’ ability to discriminate between communication sounds. We attenuated the inhibitory currents by application of gabazine (GBZ), and increased the excitatory currents by applying AMPA in the auditory cortex while testing frequency receptive fields and responses to communication sounds. GBZ and AMPA enlarged the receptive fields and increased the responses to communication sounds to the same extent. The spike‐timing reliability of neuronal responses was largely increased when attenuating the intracortical inhibition but not after increasing the excitation. The discriminative abilities of cortical cells increased in both cases but this increase was more pronounced after attenuating the inhibition. The shape of the response to communication sounds was modified in the opposite direction: reducing inhibition increased post‐excitation suppression whereas this suppression tended to disappear when increasing the excitation. A computational model indicates that the additive effect promoted by AMPA vs. the multiplicative effect of GBZ on neuronal responses, together with the dynamics of spontaneous cortical activity, can explain these differences. Thus, although apparently equivalent for increasing cortical excitability, acting on inhibition vs. on excitation impacts differently the cortical ability to discriminate natural stimuli, and only modulating inhibition changed efficiently the cortical representation of communication sounds.
Investigation of Interfacial Layer for Friction Stir Welded AA7075-T6 Aluminum to DP1180 Steel Joints
Authors: Hu Zhi-li , Yu Hai-yang , Pang Qiu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Interfacial layers greatly influence the performance of steel–aluminum friction stir welding (FSW) joints, and understanding the formation and evolution of intermetallic compounds (IMC) can help improve the mechanical properties of the welds. In this study, FSW was used to join DP 1180 high-strength steel to 7075 Al at different welding speeds. The effect of the galvanized layer on the IMC formation and evolution, and the mechanical performance of the steel–Al FSW joints were investigated. It was found that the galvanized steel–Al joints were formed only by metallurgical bonding, a continuous IMC layer composed of FeAl, Fe3Al, and Al–Zn eutectic developed at the joint interfaces. Joints were mechanically and metallurgically bonded in the non-galvanized steel, and a 3 µm thick IMC layer consisting of FeAl existed only in the stir zone (SZ). IMC layer formation was predicted according to thermodynamic principles, which is consistent with the interfacial microstructure evolution identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Shear tensile test results showed that the galvanized layer can effectively improve the metallurgical bonding strength of the steel–Al joints, and the optimum tensile properties were found in galvanized steel–Al joints.
Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study
Authors: Liu Min , Cheng Shou-Zhen , Xu Ke-Wei , Yang Yang , Zhu Qing-Tang , Zhang Hui , Yang Da-Ya , Cheng Shu-Yuan , Xiao Han , Wang Ji-Wen , Yao He-Rui , Cong Yu-Tian , Zhou Yu-Qi , Peng Sui , Kuang Ming , Hou Fan-Fan , Cheng KK , Xiao Hai-Peng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the protective effects of appropriate personal protective equipment for frontline healthcare professionals who provided care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).DesignCross sectional study.SettingFour hospitals in Wuhan, China.Participants420 healthcare professionals (116 doctors and 304 nurses) who were deployed to Wuhan by two affiliated hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University and Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University for 6-8 weeks from 24 January to 7 April 2020. These study participants were provided with appropriate personal protective equipment to deliver healthcare to patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and were involved in aerosol generating procedures. 77 healthcare professionals with no exposure history to covid-19 and 80 patients who had recovered from covid-19 were recruited to verify the accuracy of antibody testing.Main outcome measuresCovid-19 related symptoms (fever, cough, and dyspnoea) and evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, defined as a positive test for virus specific nucleic acids in nasopharyngeal swabs, or a positive test for IgM or IgG antibodies in the serum samples.ResultsThe average age of study participants was 35.8 years and 68.1% (286/420) were women. These study participants worked 4-6 hour shifts for an average of 5.4 days a week; they worked an average of 16.2 hours each week in intensive care units. All 420 study participants had direct contact with patients with covid-19 and performed at least one aerosol generating procedure. During the deployment period in Wuhan, none of the study participants reported covid-19 related symptoms. When the participants returned home, they all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleic acids and IgM or IgG antibodies (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 0.7%).ConclusionBefore a safe and effective vaccine becomes available, healthcare professionals remain susceptible to covid-19. Despite being at high risk of exposure, study participants were appropriately protected and did not contract infection or develop protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Healthcare systems must give priority to the procurement and distribution of personal protective equipment, and provide adequate training to healthcare professionals in its use.
High-resolution geological mapping towards an understanding of post-glacial development and Holocene sedimentation processes in the eastern Gulf of Finland: an EMODnet Geology case study
Authors: Ryabchuk Daria , Sergeev Alexander , Zhamoida Vladimir , Budanov Leonid , Krek Alexander , Neevin Igor , Bubnova Ekaterina , Danchenkov Aleksandr , Kovaleva Olga 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Analyses of high-resolution multibeam and sub-bottom profiling data, acquired during marine geological field cruises between 2017 and 2019 in the eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea), enabled the detailed mapping of Quaternary deposits, and revealed diverse submerged glacial and post-glacial landforms (e.g. streamlined moraine ridges, large retreat moraine ridges, De Geer moraines and kettle holes). The morphology of these glacial features provides evidence of the ice-sheet retreat direction and rate throughout the deglaciation of the region, which occurred between 13.8 and 13.3 ka BP (Pandivere­­–Neva Stage) and 12.25 ka BP (Salpausselkä I Stage). Analysis of sub-bottom profiling, supported by piston long-core sampling, indicates periods of bottom erosion/non-deposition during the Holocene caused by relative water-level regressions. Significant negative relief features are also observed in the area for the first time. These linear and curved V-shaped furrows are several kilometres long and 5 m deep, and are tentatively ascribed to bottom current and gas-seepage processes.
Mapping Ireland's coastal, shelf and deep-water environments using illustrative case studies to highlight the impact of seabed mapping on the generation of blue knowledge
Authors: O'Toole Ronan , Judge Maria , Sacchetti Fabio , Furey Thomas , Mac Craith Eoin , Sheehan Kevin , Kelly Sheila , Cullen Sean , McGrath Fergal , Monteys Xavier 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Through Ireland's national seabed mapping programme, Integrated Mapping for the Sustainable Development of Ireland's Marine Resource (INFOMAR), the collaboration between Geological Survey Ireland and the Marine Institute continues to comprehensively map Ireland's marine territory in high resolution. Through its work, the programme builds on earlier Irish seabed mapping efforts, including the Irish National Seabed Survey project in producing seabed mapping products that support Ireland's blue economy, European marine policy and international efforts to understand our global oceans. INFOMAR uses a variety of marine technologies to deliver accurate bathymetric maps and useful data products to end users through a free and open source licensing agreement. To reflect the diversity of applications these data products serve, a series of four case studies are presented here focusing on marine geophysical and geological data from locations within Ireland's marine territories. The case studies illustrate how data generated through seabed mapping may be interpreted to directly impact the generation of blue knowledge across a variety of marine environments ranging from shallow coastal and shelf waters to the deep oceanic depths of the continental slope of Ireland's marine area. The impact of Ireland's seabed mapping efforts is further considered in the context of national, European and international initiatives where Ireland's marine knowledge resource is leveraged to deliver positive benefit to the programme's stakeholders.
A Prospective Trial of 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Patients with an Early PSA Progression During Castration
Authors: Wang Beihe , Liu Chang , Wei Yu , Meng Jin , Zhang Yingjian , Gan Hualei , Xu Xiaoping , Wan Fangning , Pan Jian , Ma Xuejun , Hu Silong , Freedland Stephen J. , Song Shaoli , Ye DingWei , Zhu Yao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Tumor heterogeneity and burden, which impact treatment outcome in prostate cancer, are rarely evaluated using next-generation imaging.

Experimental Design:
The trial prospectively included 37 patients who had an early PSA progression (≤2 ng/mL) during castration and high-risk (PSA doubling time ≤10 months) nonmetastatic disease by conventional imaging. All patients underwent both 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG PET/CT. Lesions were classified into PSMA+FDG± lesions and PSMA-FDG+ lesions. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of PSMA-FDG+ disease. Tumor burden, predictors for positive imaging, and suitability for oligometastases-directed therapy (OMDT) were also evaluated.

Results:
All patients were treated with RP and the median duration of castration was 23 months. The median PSA at imaging was 0.57 ng/mL. Overall, 114 lesions were detected in 29 of the 37 patients. A high prevalence (73%) of N+/M+ disease was observed. Of the 114 lesions, 81 were PSMA+FDG± and 33 were PSMA-FDG+. Per patient level, 9 men (24%; 95% confidence interval: 10%–39%) showed at least one new PSMA-FDG+ lesions. A short PSA doubling time (P = 0.009, OR = 8.000) was associated with PSMA+FDG± disease, while a high Gleason grade group (P = 0.022, OR = 13.091) with PSMA-FDG+ disease. Nineteen patients (51%) with 51 lesions, including 10 PSMA-FDG+ lesions, could be enrolled for OMDT. Among different disease stages, PSMA-FDG+ disease was rarely detected in the hormone-sensitive cohort, but frequently found in the castration-resistant cohort.

Conclusions:
Using 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG PET, we observed a high prevalence of N+/M+ disease and a significant proportion of PSMA-FDG+ disease in patients with an early PSA progression during castration (ChiCTR1900022634).
From Talented Poet to Jealous Wife: Reimagining Su Hui in Late Tang Literary Culture
Authors: Tang Qiaomei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Su Hui was a late fourth century Chinese woman who is famed for her creation of brocade palindromic poems. Due to an account of her life story, attributed to the female emperor Wu Zetian, that highlighted her jealous disposition, Su Hui is remembered today primarily as a talented but jealous wife, which is in contrast with how she was viewed in the period prior to the Wu version. Tracing the genealogy of Su Hui’s narrative in pre-Tang and Tang literary and visual materials, this article demonstrates that the definitive version of Su Hui’s story is misattributed to Wu Zetian and, more importantly, that the image of this well-known figure of early medieval China underwent a transformation that reflects important aspects of Late Tang literary culture. In ‘boudoir lament’ poetry of the Southern Dynasties period, Su Hui is the stock image of a melancholy wife longing for her absent husband. In ‘frontier’ poetry of the Tang dynasty, she is a worrying wife concerned with her military husband fighting on the borderlands. It is in a Late Tang prose account misattributed to Wu Zetian that we finally see her as a jealous woman competing for her husband’s affections. The transformation of Su Hui’s image across three major literary genres over a period of half a millennium offers readers a window into the literary and cultural changes that took place in medieval China.