bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case‐control study on the SNP309T → G and 40‐bp Del1518 of theMDM2gene and a systematic review forMDM2polymorphisms in the patients with breast cancer
Authors: Jalilvand Amin , Yari Kheirollah , Aznab Mozaffar , Rahimi Zohreh , Salahshouri Far Iman , Mohammadi Pantea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe current research was conducted to study the association between the SNP309 and del1518 polymorphisms with the breast cancer in the patients with the Kurdish ethnic background from western Iran. Also, a systematic review of the relevant case‐control studies on theMDM2polymorphisms in the patients with breast cancer was performed.MethodologyTwo mL of peripheral blood was taken from 100 patients with breast cancer and 100 healthy individuals. The frequencies ofMDM2SNP309 and del1518 genotypes and alleles were determined using the PCR‐RFLP and PCR methods, respectively.ResultsThe frequency of the TT, TG, and GG ofMDM2‐SNP309 genotypes in the patients was obtained as 23%, 52%, and 25%, and they were equal to 22%, 40%, and 38% in the control group, respectively. Also, considering theMDM2‐del1518 polymorphism, the frequencies of ins/ins, ins/del, and del/del genotypes were equal to 52%, 41%, and 7% in the breast cancer group and they were equal to 62, 30, and 8% in the control group, respectively. Analysis of the results indicated that the GG genotype plays a protective role for the breast cancer in the recessive model (GG vs TT + TG) of SNP309 (χ2 = 3.916,P = .048, and OR = 0.54).ConclusionOur findings revealed that the GG genotype ofMDM2‐SNP309 can play a protective role in the breast cancer disease. Also, our systematic review indicated that the SNP309, SNP285, and del1518 ofMDM2gene in different populations mostly did not have a significant association with the risk of breast cancer.
Enantioselective Aza‐Diels Alder reaction catalyzed by clay supported Schiff base complex†
Authors: Kannan V. , Sreekumar K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClay supported catalysts based on 2‐ hydroxy naphthaldehyde and amino acids, their copper and titanium complexes have been described. The catalysts were found to be active toward the synthesis of pyrano‐, furanoquinolines through Aza‐Diels Alder reaction. The catalysts gave good yield and high enantioselectivity. The catalysts were environmentally friendly, economical, synthetically robust and reusable.
New multimodal stationary phases prepared by Ugi multicomponent approach
Authors: Sýkora David , Záruba Kamil , Butnariu Maria , Tatar Ameneh , Pham Hang Minh , Studenovský Martin , Řezanka Pavel , Král Vladimír 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEight different stationary phases based on two aminopropyl silicas of different brands suitable for multimodal chromatography applications have been prepared by a four‐component Ugi reaction. The intention was to synthesize stationary phases significantly differing in their properties hereby demonstrating flexibility of the Ugi synthetic protocol. Diverse functional groups including a nonpolar long aliphatic chain, phenyl moiety, cholic acid scaffold, phenylboronic and monosaccharide units, charged betaine, and arginine moieties were immobilized on a silica surface. The novel sorbents were extensively characterized by elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and chromatography. Considering the anchored chemical structures covalently bonded to the silica surface, reversed‐phase, hydrophilic, and ion‐exchange separation modes were expected. The chromatographic evaluation was performed directed to map the potential of the individual columns specifically in the mentioned chromatographic modes. The Ugi synthetic protocol has proven to be a simple, feasible, and versatile tool for the synthesis of sorbents of variable properties. The newly prepared stationary phases differed considerably in hydrophobicity and ion‐exchange ability. A significant influence of the supporting aminopropyl silica on the final chromatographic behavior was observed. Finally, one practical example confirming applicability of the newly prepared sorbents was demonstrated in separation of cytarabine.
Prenatal Ultrasound Analysis of Umbilical‐Portal‐Systemic Venous Shunts Concurrent With Trisomy 21
Authors: Dong Xiangyi , Wu Haifang , Zhu Linlin , Cong Xiang , Li Qi , Tang Fengye , Tao Guowei 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesA classification termed umbilical‐portal‐systemic venous shunt (UPSVS) for an abnormal umbilical vein (UV), portal vein (PV), and ductus venosus (DV) was proposed recently. According to this classification, there are 3 types of UPSVSs: types I, II, and III. Trisomy 21 associated with UV‐PV‐DV anomalies has been described, but the incidence of trisomy 21 in UPSVS cases, the relationship between UPSVS types and trisomy 21, and the pregnancy outcome are poorly documented. This study aimed to address these issues.MethodsAll UPSVS cases diagnosed at our department from 2016 to 2019 were retrospectively studied. The English literature describing UV‐PV‐DV anomalies and trisomy 21 from 2000 to 2019 was searched, and the retrieved cases were analyzed.ResultsFour of 20 UPSVS cases identified by us also had trisomy 21, with 2 type I and 2 type II UPSVSs. Ultrasound markers of Down syndrome were observed in all 4 cases that underwent termination of pregnancy (TOP). The literature search retrieved 12 reports including 279 patients, with 29 also having trisomy 21, giving a pooled trisomy 21 incidence rate of 10.4%. Of the 29 cases, 16 had type I, and 9 had type II, whereas UPSVS types in 4 were undeterminable, and 22 cases underwent TOP.ConclusionsThere is a high incidence of trisomy 21 in UPSVS cases. Trisomy 21 is associated with a type I or II UPSVS. Most cases with the combined defect underwent TOP. These findings may be used to direct prenatal counseling and management of the combined condition.
Pyrrhotite Fe1−xS microcubes as a new anode material in potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yang , Bahmani Farzaneh , Wei Runzhe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPotassium-ion batteries are an emerging energy storage technology that could be a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to the abundance and low cost of potassium. Research on potassium-ion batteries has received considerable attention in recent years. With the progress that has been made, it is important yet challenging to discover electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries. Here, we report pyrrhotite Fe1−xS microcubes as a new anode material for this exciting energy storage technology. The anode delivers a reversible capacity of 418 mAh g−1 with an initial coulombic efficiency of ~70% at 50 mA g−1 and a great rate capability of 123 mAh g−1 at 6 A g−1 as well as good cyclability. Our analysis shows the structural stability of the anode after cycling and reveals surface-dominated K storage at high rates. These merits contribute to the obtained electrochemical performance. Our work may lead to a new class of anode materials based on sulfide chemistry for potassium storage and shed light on the development of new electrochemically active materials for ion storage in a wider range of energy applications.
No-Right and its Correlative
Authors: Halpin Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:
This article aims to dispel the confusion over no-right by drawing attention to three straightforward points, and by examining a neglected source of complexity. The former embrace the practical significance of a no-right within Hohfeld’s scheme; the important difference between the practical significance of a normative position and the theoretical status of the concept representing it; and, the relationship between logical duals and contradictories when applied to normative positions. The complexity is associated with liberty as the correlative of no-right, and involves recognizing a connection with the operators of deontic logic. The conventional interdefinability of permission and obligation is challenged; “liberty” is regarded as an inadequate label for the normative position signifying the absence of duty, and, as a distinctive position, is not a true correlative of any other position. Implications are noted for the theoretical problem faced by deontic logic when confronting normative relations between individuals, and for the solution of practical problems within a (legal or moral) normative system.
Forced Unemployment or Undocumented Work: The Burden of the Prohibition to Work for Asylum Seekers in the UK
Authors: Targarona Rifa Nuria , Donà Giorgia 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper examines asylum seekers’ perceptions of the prohibition to work policy through the lens of burden(s). Drawing from individual interviews with asylum seekers and key informants and group discussions, the findings show the multiple—economic, social, and emotional—burdens that the prohibition to work inflicts on asylum seekers and problematizes the static understanding of burdens to reveal the processes of ‘becoming’ a burden on others. A comparison of enforced joblessness and undocumented work highlights the benefits of being able to work, even when this is risky, and the different burdens associated with the choice to not work, and consequently experience forced unemployment, or to break the rules and work in the undocumented sector. The concept of the burden paradox highlights the inconsistencies between the UK government’s goal to minimize burdens for asylum seekers and the host society and its policy implementation that increases them for both.
Discrimination Ability of Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Pediatric Domains Compared With Scoliosis Research Society-22r and Legacy Patient Reported Outcome Measures in Juvenile and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Yau Annie , Heath Madison R. , Fabricant Peter D. 
Published: September 2020

Study Design.Comparative cohort study.Objective.To compare patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in children and adolescents with varying extent of spinal deformity.Summary of Background Data.Several PROMs have been proposed to help assess health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) in pediatric spinal deformity surgery and research, but it is unclear which are sensitive to deformity severity.Methods.Pediatric patients diagnosed with spinal asymmetry or juvenile/adolescent idiopathic scoliosis completed the patient-reported outcomes management information system (PROMIS) pediatric computer adaptive test bank (Domains: Mobility, Pain Interference, Physical Activity, Physical Stress Experiences, Psychological Stress Experiences), Scoliosis Research Society-22r (SRS-22r), Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS) activity scale, and Trunk Appearance Perception Scale. Patients were grouped as spinal asymmetry, mild deformity, and substantial deformity by major Cobb angle measuring less than 10°, between 10° and 40°, and greater than 40° respectively. One-way analysis of variance with a Tukey post-hoc correction was used to determine score differences between groups.Results.Final analyses included 206 patients, of which 135 (66%) were female. The mean age was 13.0 ± 2.2 years, and the mean major Cobb angle was 20.1 ± 14.1° (range: 0–74.2°). Compared with both spinal asymmetry and mild deformity patients, patients with substantial deformity reported worse outcomes, including lower function, more pain, and decreased psychological health by legacy PROMs and PROMIS. PROMIS Physical Activity and Psychological Stress Experiences did not capture any significant differences between all groups. There were no significant differences in outcomes between the spinal asymmetry and mild deformity groups for all PROMs measured.Conclusion.Patients with substantial spinal deformity reported lower activity and function, more pain, and greater physical and psychological stress compared with patients without clinical spinal deformity by legacy PROMs and several PROMIS domains. As PROMIS Physical Activity and Psychological Stress Experiences did not capture these differences, these PROMs may measure different constructs than the legacy PROMs as they relate to spinal curvature and may be less relevant to measure HRQoL in this population.Level of Evidence3
Risk of Postoperative Complications and Revision Surgery Following Robot-assisted Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Yang Daniel S. , Li Neill Y. , Kleinhenz Dominic T. , Patel Shyam , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: September 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective Study.

Objective.
This investigation examined matched cohorts of lumbar spinal fusion (LSF) patients undergoing robot-assisted and conventional LSF to compare risk of revision, 30-day readmission, 30-day complications, and postoperative opioid utilization.

Summary of Background Data.
Patient outcomes and complication rates associated with robot-assisted LSF compared to conventional fusion techniques are incompletely understood.

Methods.
The PearlDiver Research Program (www.pearldiverinc.com) was used to identify patients undergoing primary LSF between 2011 and 2017. Patients receiving robot-assisted or conventional LSF were matched using key demographic and comorbidity variables. Indication for revision was also studied. Risk of revision, 30-day readmission, 30-day complications, and postoperative opioid utilization at 1 and 6 months was compared between the cohorts using multivariable logistic regression additionally controlling for age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Results.
The percent of LSFs that were robot-assisted rose by 169% from 2011 to 2017, increasing linearly each year (p = 0.0007). Matching resulted in 2528 patients in each cohort for analysis. Robot-assisted LSF patients experienced higher risk of revision (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.35, P ≤ 0.0001), 30-day readmission (aOR = 1.39, P = 0.0002), and total 30-day complications (aOR = 1.50, P < 0.0001), specifically respiratory (aOR = 1.56, P = 0.0006), surgical site infection (aOR = 1.56, P = 0.0061), and implant-related complications (aOR = 1.74, P = 0.0038). The risk of revision due to infection after robot-assisted LSF was an estimated 4.5-fold higher (aOR = 4.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.95–12.04, P = 0.0011). Furthermore, robot-assisted LSF had increased risk of revision due to instrument failure (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.05–2.58, P = 0.0300), and pseudarthrosis (aOR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.32–3.95, P = 0.0037). A higher percentage of revisions were due to infection in robot-assisted LSF (19.0%) than in conventional LSF (9.2%) (P = 0.0408).

Conclusion.
Robotic-assisted posterior LSF is independently associated with increased risk of revision surgery, infection, instrumentation complications, and postoperative opioid utilization compared to conventional fusion techniques. Further research is needed to investigate long-term postoperative outcomes following robot-assisted LSF. Spine surgeons should be cautious when considering immediate adoption of this emerging surgical technology.

Level of Evidence: 3
Margin Reanalysis With 3-Dimensional Micrographic Surgery Technique of Conventional Excision Specimens With Negative Margin Readings
Authors: Magliano Julio , Navarrete Jorge , Lezue Verónica , González Alicia , Martínez Miguel , Bazzano Carlos 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Mohs micrographic surgery technique allows for complete margin analysis of skin tumors, which explains its lower recurrence rates over conventional surgery. Although it is known that routine processing of excision specimens represents less than 0.5% of the margins, a direct comparison with micrographic technique has not been performed so far.

Objective:
To compare the margins of nonmelanoma skin cancers excised conventionally, processed with serial transverse cross-sectioning (“bread-loafing”), and had negative margin readings, against the margins obtained through micrographic technique from the same tumors.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective, descriptive, historical cohort study. Inclusion criteria as follows: patients who underwent conventional excision for nonmelanoma skin cancers between 2010 and 2013 in our dermatology department and had negative margin readings. Samples were dewaxed and processed with the 3-dimensional Mohs micrographic technique.

Results:
One hundred one basal cell carcinomas and 26 squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed. Thirteen positive fragments were obtained, which corresponded to 11 tumors and patients; therefore, 8.7% of patients were given a false negative result in their original study. Lateral margins were more commonly affected (81.8%). There was no clear association between false negative results and histopathologic type or subtype.

Conclusions:
Our study is the first of its kind in terms of methodology. The “bread-loafing” technique can incorrectly report the state of the margins of surgical pieces excised by conventional surgery. Mohs' micrographic technique is superior when it comes to evaluating margins and should be regarded as the gold standard.
Caruncular Dacryops After Cataract Surgery With Histopathological Characterization
Authors: Vaidya Parth R. , D'Aquila Madeline L. , Ramey Nicholas A. , Grider Douglas J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract:
Caruncular dacryops is a rare cyst of lacrimal tissue most commonly found in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. The exact cause of dacryops is unclear, although it may be congenital or associated with trauma, infection, or inflammation. The pathophysiology and histology of a caruncular dacryops of the left lacrimal gland in a 68-year-old woman is reported. The patient presented 3 months after a cataract surgery with symptoms of irritation and pruritus of the left eye. A 6- × 6-mm clear cyst of the lacrimal gland prolapsing into the lateral fornix was noted on physical exam. Histological examination of the cyst showed a double layer of flat cuboidal epithelium surrounded by fibrous tissue with minor lacrimal glands present. Periodic acid Schiff-diastase and mucicarmine staining showed the presence of goblet cells dispersed in the epithelial cells. Complete excision of the cyst is the treatment of choice for most caruncular dacryops, and our case remains without recurrence after excision. This case highlights the clinical and histological presentation of caruncular dacryops and raises awareness of their incidence following presumed trauma during cataract surgery.
Updating External Ventricular Drainage Care and Intrahospital Transport Practices at a Community Hospital
Authors: Eigsti Janice E. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Frontline neurointensive care nurses from 1 community hospital were invited to assess the current state of care related to use of external ventricular drains (EVDs) and intrahospital transport (IHT) policies, investigate and plan practice changes, and implement skills review for nurses caring for the adult patient with an acute brain injury. PROJECT: Our team researched best practices related to EVD care and IHT procedures, updated current EVD insertion checklists, developed nurse role cards to assist with EVD insertion at the bedside, revised current EVD care policies and procedures, and created a new IHT policy. The same nurses shared updated information and skills review for neuroscience nurse peers. CONCLUSION: The goals for the project were met, and practice variation is being reduced.
Positional Variation of the Infraorbital Foramen in Caucasians and Black Africans from Britain: Surgical Relevance and Comparison to the Existing Literature
Authors: Aseem Rabiya , Scantling-Birch Yarrow , Naveed Hasan , Gore Sri , Messiha Ashraf , Rajak Saul , Davagnanam Indran 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Midface augmentation and orbital surgery carry an inherent risk of injury to the infraorbital vascular bundle, especially the infraorbital nerve where it exits the infraorbital foramen (IOF). This can result in significant morbidity for the patient, including paresthesia and neuralgia. Studies report significant heterogeneity in IOF position according to gender, ethnicity, and laterality. A knowledge of the relationship of the IOF to regional soft tissue, bony landmarks, and its variation among ethnicities is likely to reduce iatrogenic injuries.

Methods:
A single-center retrospective computed tomography (CT)-based study was conducted. Twenty Caucasians and 20 Black Africans patients were selected from an existing radiologic database at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK. DICOM image viewing software (Syngo, Siemens Healthineers) was used to record the position of the IOF using standardized sagittal and axial views.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference in the horizontal position of the IOF in the 2 races (P = 0.00). The combined measurements were used to derive a rectangular zone of variability measuring 14.30 mm by 10.60 mm. This zone was found to lie 3.50 mm below the infraorbital rim, 7.10 mm medial to the piriform aperture, and 11.60 mm from the lateral orbital rim.

Conclusion:
A sound knowledge of key facial landmarks is necessitated when performing midface augmentation and orbital surgery. An anatomical safe zone depicting the variation of the IOF will help reduce iatrogenic injury to the infraorbital nerve and prevent patient morbidity.
Commercial COVID-19 serial seroconversion panel for validation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays
Authors: Belda Francisco , Cherenzia Robin , Crowley Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeroconversion panels (SCP) are an important tool for investigating antibody responses and developing serological assays. A SCP was generated from a single SARS-CoV-2 positive plasma donor over 87 days.MethodsThis SCP was tested against five SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests (IgG, IgM and total Ig). All test kits utilized recombinant antigens that are specific to SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThe SCP showed IgG responses for SARS-CoV-2 after day 50. IgM levels peaked on day 50 (prior to IgG) and declined in subsequent samples.ConclusionThis SCP is a useful tool for validation of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 suppresses host but not viral translation through a bipartite mechanism
Authors: Shi Ming , Wang Longfei , Fontana Pietro , Vora Setu , Zhang Ying , Fu Tian-Min , Lieberman Judy , Wu Hao 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that underlies the current COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to disable various features of host immunity and cellular defense. The SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) is known to inhibit host protein translation and could be a target for antiviral therapy against COVID-19. However, how SARS-CoV-2 circumvents this translational blockage for the production of its own proteins is an open question. Here, we report a bipartite mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 which operates by: (1) hijacking the host ribosome via direct interaction of its C-terminal domain (CT) with the 40S ribosomal subunit and (2) specifically lifting this inhibition for SARS-CoV-2 via a direct interaction of its N-terminal domain (NT) with the 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR) of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA. We show that while Nsp1-CT is sufficient for binding to 40S and inhibition of host protein translation, the 5’ UTR of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA removes this inhibition by binding to Nsp1-NT, suggesting that the Nsp1-NT-UTR interaction is incompatible with the Nsp1-CT-40S interaction. Indeed, lengthening the linker between Nsp1-NT and Nsp1-CT of Nsp1 progressively reduced the ability of SARS-CoV-2 5’ UTR to escape the translational inhibition, supporting that the incompatibility is likely steric in nature. The short SL1 region of the 5’ UTR is required for viral mRNA translation in the presence of Nsp1. Thus, our data provide a comprehensive view on how Nsp1 switches infected cells from host mRNA translation to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA translation, and that Nsp1 and 5’ UTR may be targeted for anti-COVID-19 therapeutics.