bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy of Environmental Tax In Indonesia: A Review
Authors: Hernimawati Hernimawati , Mirad Abdul , Sudaryanto Sudaryanto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy of environmental tax in Indonesia. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, which aims to analyze the policy of environmental tax in Indonesia. The collected data were analyzed with interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The study results indicated the government of Indonesia’s policy of environmental taxes clearly states the objectives, subjects, objects and tax rates. This policy is included in local taxes and user charges. But the policy needs to be reviewed again so it won’t impress fiscal interests only. The discussion should be done comprehensively, especially concerning the problems surrounding the subject, tariff and budget earmarking it.
Policy of Ecotourism Development in Riau Province: Analysis and Strategies
Authors: Prihati Prihati , Nielwaty Elly , Zuhdi Sulaiman 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy on ecotourism development in Riau Province. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which aims to analyze the policy on ecotourism development in Riau Province. The collected data were analyzed with interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The study results indicated that the policy of ecotourism development in Riau Province is conducted by three parties, and the communities involved in the development of ecotourism are the Department of Tourism and Culture of Riau Province and the private sector. The strategies adopted to develop the ecotourism include technology strategy, strategy of invasion and operational strategy.
A Person-Centered Perspective on the Role of Peer Support and Extreme Peer Orientation in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Raymaekers Koen , Prikken Sofie , Oris Leen , Vanhalst Janne , Moons Philip , Goossens Eva , Weets Ilse , Luyckx Koen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite clear evidence that peers are crucial for youth development, research on the role of peers for youth with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is scarce.PurposeThe present study identified trajectory classes of perceived peer functioning in youth with T1D, based on peer support and extreme peer orientation (EPO). Further, classes were compared with respect to their trajectories of depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific distress, treatment adherence, and HbA1c values.MethodsFive hundred and fifty-nine youth (14–25 years) with T1D completed questionnaires at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 years later. Latent class growth analysis identified classes of perceived peer functioning. Multigroup latent growth curve modelling assessed whether these classes were characterized by different trajectories of general and diabetes-specific functioning.ResultsA socially normative class (48%) was characterized by trajectories of high support and low EPO over time. A socially reserved class (29%) was characterized by low support and EPO, and a socially oriented class (17%) by high support and EPO. Finally, a socially vulnerable class (6%) was characterized by low support and high EPO. The normative class functioned significantly better over time than the other classes. The vulnerable class functioned significantly worse compared to the reserved class, despite experiencing equally low levels of support.ConclusionsThe results underscore the need to take youths’ orientation toward the peer context into account alongside support when tapping into the role of peers, because individuals with low levels of support and EPO functioned substantially better than individuals with similar low levels of support but high levels of EPO.
There is no impending crisis: a look beyond the Sixth Circuit’s decision to permit Section 1782 discovery for use in international commercial arbitration
Authors: Tompkins Jonathan J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
There are few topics in international arbitration that engender more intense sentiments amongst practitioners than discovery. While debate endures over the applicability, suitability and extent of discovery within this autonomous system of justice, it is impossible to escape the reality that national laws and courts will and do have a role—often a significant one—to play in international arbitration proceedings, most notably to assist in the arbitral process. One US federal law in particular, 28 USC § 1782, has become increasingly relevant in recent years, as more parties attempt to harness its potency in facilitating discovery of evidence in aid of foreign arbitration. The application of the statute to foreign or international arbitral tribunals, however, is a murky question, and not one on which all US federal courts agree.
Most recently, the US Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit broke with some of its sister circuits in finding that discovery under section 1782 is permissible for use in foreign or international commercial arbitrations. While many have denounced the decision as contrary to, or arguably likely to render less effective, principles or aspects of international arbitration deemed sacrosanct by arbitration enthusiasts, the effect of the Sixth Circuit’s decision on the broader practice of arbitration must not be overstated. Practitioners, tribunals, and the US federal district courts in particular already have ample means at their disposal to thwart section 1782’s potentially broad reach and effectiveness in creating inequities or turmoil in arbitration proceedings. Channeled effectively, these tools and proper considerations of discretion can ensure an appropriate balance between the need for critical evidence and the prevention of drawn-out, inequitable, and inefficient arbitral proceedings.
Sensorimotor Peak Alpha Frequency Is a Reliable Biomarker of Prolonged Pain Sensitivity
Authors: Furman Andrew J , Prokhorenko Mariya , Keaser Michael L , Zhang Jing , Chen Shuo , Mazaheri Ali , Seminowicz David A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Previous research has observed that the speed of alpha band oscillations (8–12 Hz range) recorded during resting electroencephalography is slowed in chronic pain patients. While this slowing may reflect pathological changes that occur during the chronification of pain, an alternative explanation is that healthy individuals with slower alpha oscillations are more sensitive to prolonged pain, and by extension, more susceptible to developing chronic pain. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between the pain-free, resting alpha oscillation speed of healthy individuals and their sensitivity to two models of prolonged pain, Phasic Heat Pain and Capsaicin Heat Pain, at two visits separated by 8 weeks on average (n = 61 Visit 1, n = 46 Visit 2). We observed that the speed of an individual’s pain-free alpha oscillations was negatively correlated with sensitivity to both models and that this relationship was reliable across short (minutes) and long (weeks) timescales. Furthermore, the speed of pain-free alpha oscillations can successfully identify the most pain sensitive individuals, which we validated on data from a separate, independent study. These results suggest that alpha oscillation speed is a reliable biomarker of prolonged pain sensitivity with potential for prospectively identifying pain sensitivity in the clinic.
Towards standardization of echocardiography for the evaluation of left ventricular function in adult rodents: a position paper of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function
Authors: Zacchigna Serena , Paldino Alessia , Falcão-Pires Inês , Daskalopoulos Evangelos P , Dal Ferro Matteo , Vodret Simone , Lesizza Pierluigi , Cannatà Antonio , Miranda-Silva Daniela , Lourenço André P , Pinamonti Bruno , Sinagra Gianfranco , Weinberger Florian , Eschenhagen Thomas , Carrier Lucie , Kehat Izhak , Tocchetti Carlo G , Russo Michele , Ghigo Alessandra , Cimino James , Hirsch Emilio , Dawson Dana , Ciccarelli Michele , Oliveti Marco , Linke Wolfgang A , Cuijpers Ilona , Heymans Stephane , Hamdani Nazha , de Boer Martine , Duncker Dirk J , Kuster Diederik , van der Velden Jolanda , Beauloye Christophe , Bertrand Luc , Mayr Manuel , Giacca Mauro , Leuschner Florian , Backs Johannes , Thum Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEchocardiography is a reliable and reproducible method to assess non-invasively cardiac function in clinical and experimental research. Significant progress in the development of echocardiographic equipment and transducers has led to the successful translation of this methodology from humans to rodents, allowing for the scoring of disease severity and progression, testing of new drugs, and monitoring cardiac function in genetically modified or pharmacologically treated animals. However, as yet, there is no standardization in the procedure to acquire echocardiographic measurements in small animals. This position paper focuses on the appropriate acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic parameters in adult mice and rats, and provides reference values, representative images, and videos for the accurate and reproducible quantification of left ventricular function in healthy and pathological conditions.
Abnormalities in sodium current and calcium homoeostasis as drivers of arrhythmogenesis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Coppini Raffaele , Santini Lorenzo , Olivotto Iacopo , Ackerman Michael J , Cerbai Elisabetta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited monogenic disease with a prevalence of 1/500 in the general population, representing an important cause of arrhythmic sudden cardiac death (SCD), heart failure, and atrial fibrillation in the young. HCM is a global condition, diagnosed in &gt;50 countries and in all continents. HCM affects people of both sexes and various ethnic and racial origins, with similar clinical course and phenotypic expression. The most unpredictable and devastating consequence of HCM is represented by arrhythmic SCD, most commonly caused by sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Indeed, HCM represents one of the main causes of arrhythmic SCD in the young, with a marked preference for children and adults &lt;30 years. SCD is most prevalent in patients with paediatric onset of HCM but may occur at any age. However, risk is substantially lower after 60 years, suggesting that the potential for ventricular tachyarrhythmias is mitigated by ageing. SCD had been linked originally to sports and vigorous activity in HCM patients. However, it is increasingly clear that the majority of events occurs at rest or during routine daily occupations, suggesting that triggers are far from consistent. In general, the pathophysiology of SCD in HCM remains unresolved. While the pathologic and physiologic substrates abound and have been described in detail, specific factors precipitating ventricular tachyarrhythmias are still unknown. SCD is a rare phenomenon in HCM cohorts (&lt;1%/year) and attempts to identify patients at risk, while generating clinically useful algorithms for primary prevention, remain very inaccurate on an individual basis. One of the reasons for our limited understanding of these phenomena is that limited translational research exists in the field, while most efforts have focused on clinical markers of risk derived from pathology, instrumental patient evaluation, and imaging. Specifically, few studies conducted in animal models and human samples have focused on targeting the cellular mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis in HCM, despite potential implications for therapeutic innovation and SCD prevention. These studies found that altered intracellular Ca2+ homoeostasis and increased late Na+ current, leading to an increased likelihood of early and delayed after-depolarizations, contribute to generate arrhythmic events in diseased cardiomyocytes. As an array of novel experimental opportunities have emerged to investigate these mechanisms, including novel ‘disease-in-the-dish’ cellular models with patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, important gaps in knowledge remain. Accordingly, the aim of the present review is to provide a contemporary reappraisal of the cellular basis of SCD-predisposing arrhythmias in patients with HCM and discuss the implications for risk stratification and management.
Day-to-Day Contact and Help Among Neighbors Measured in the Natural Environment
Authors: Seifert Alexander 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Empirical evidence suggests that the concept of “neighboring” (i.e., social contact and social support within a neighborhood) is related to between-person differences in well-being among older adults. However, little is known about the within-person differences in older adults’ everyday lives, which limits the ecological validity of prior findings. This study examined within-person associations between neighboring and the existence of positive valence, loneliness, and attachment to one’s neighborhood.

Research Design and Methods
The sample consisted of 4,620 observations of 20 days, drawn from 77 adults aged between 61 and 90 years. A mobile application on a smartphone was used for data collection.

Results
The results of the multilevel analysis suggest that daily contact with one’s neighbors was not significantly associated with daily positive valence, but it was positively related to daily feelings of not being alone and daily attachment to one’s neighborhood.

Discussion and Implications
The study makes noteworthy contributions to the field of gerontology by applying a micro-longitudinal research design to assess real-life within-person information.
The burden of household out-of-pocket health expenditures in Ethiopia: estimates from a nationally representative survey (2015–16)
Authors: Kiros Mizan , Dessie Ermias , Jbaily Abdulrahman , Tolla Mieraf Taddesse , Johansson Kjell Arne , Norheim Ole F , Memirie Solomon Tessema , Verguet Stéphane 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Ethiopia, little is known about the extent of out-of-pocket health expenditures and the associated financial hardships at national and regional levels. We estimated the incidence of both catastrophic and impoverishing health expenditures using data from the 2015/16 Ethiopian household consumption and expenditure and welfare monitoring surveys. We computed incidence of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) at 10% and 25% thresholds of total household consumption and 40% threshold of household capacity to pay, and impoverishing health expenditures (IHE) using Ethiopia's national poverty line (ETB 7184 per adult per year). Around 2.1% (SE: 0.2, P &lt; 0.001) of households would face CHE with a 10% threshold of total consumption, and 0.9% (SE: 0.1, P &lt; 0.001) of households would encounter IHE, annually in Ethiopia. CHE rates were high in the regions of Afar (5.8%, SE: 1.0, P &lt; 0.001) and Benshangul-Gumuz (4.0%, SE: 0.8, P &lt; 0.001). Oromia (n = 902 000), Amhara (n = 275 000) and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) (n = 268 000) regions would have the largest numbers of affected households, due to large population size. The IHE rates would also show similar patterns: high rates in Afar (5.0%, SE: 0.96, P &lt; 0.001), Oromia (1.1%, SE: 0.22, P &lt; 0.001) and Benshangul-Gumuz (0.9%, SE: 0.4, P = 0.02); a large number of households would be impoverished in Oromia (n = 356 000) and Amhara (n = 202 000) regions. In summary, a large number of households is facing financial hardship in Ethiopia, particularly in Afar, Benshangul-Gumuz, Oromia, Amhara and SNNP regions and this number would likely increase with greater health services utilization. We recommend regional-level analyses on services coverage to be conducted as some of the estimated low CHE/IHE regional values might be due to low services coverage. Periodic analyses on the financial hardship status of households could also be monitored to infer progress towards universal health coverage.
Variants in CAPZA2, a member of an F-actin capping complex, cause intellectual disability and developmental delay
Authors: Huang Yan , Mao Xiao , van Jaarsveld Richard H , Shu Li , Terhal Paulien A , Jia Zhengjun , Xi Hui , Peng Ying , Yan Huiming , Yuan Shan , Li Qibin , Wang Hua , Bellen Hugo J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton is regulated by many proteins including capping proteins that stabilize actin filaments (F-actin) by inhibiting actin polymerization and depolymerization. Here, we report two pediatric probands who carry damaging heterozygous de novo mutations in CAPZA2 (HGNC: 1490) and exhibit neurological symptoms with shared phenotypes including global motor development delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia and a history of seizures. CAPZA2 encodes a subunit of an F-actin-capping protein complex (CapZ). CapZ is an obligate heterodimer consisting of α and β heterodimer conserved from yeast to human. Vertebrate genomes contain three α subunits encoded by three different genes and CAPZA2 encodes the α2 subunit. The single orthologue of CAPZA genes in Drosophila is cpa. Loss of cpa leads to lethality in early development and expression of the human reference; CAPZA2 rescues this lethality. However, the two CAPZA2 variants identified in the probands rescue this lethality at lower efficiency than the reference. Moreover, expression of the CAPZA2 variants affects bristle morphogenesis, a process that requires extensive actin polymerization and bundling during development. Taken together, our findings suggest that variants in CAPZA2 lead to a non-syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and severe asphyxia-related complications in preterm infants
Authors: Mitha Ayoub , Chen Ruoqing , Johansson Stefan , Razaz Neda , Cnattingius Sven 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) and asphyxia-related morbidity in preterm infants (&lt;37 weeks). We aimed to investigate associations between maternal BMI in early pregnancy and severe asphyxia-related neonatal complications in preterm infants (&lt;37 weeks) and to examine whether possible associations were mediated by overweight- or obesity-related complications.MethodsIn this Swedish population-based cohort of 62 499 singleton non-malformed preterm infants born from 1997 to 2011, risks of low Apgar scores (0–3) at 5 and 10 minutes, neonatal seizures and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) were estimated through two analytical approaches. In the conventional approach, the denominator for risk was all live births at a given gestational age. In the fetuses-at-risk (FAR) approach, the denominator for risk was ongoing pregnancies at a given gestational age.ResultsUsing the conventional approach, adjusted risk ratios per 10-unit BMI increase were 1.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.54] and 1.37 (95% CI 1.12–1.67) for low Apgar scores at 5 and 10 minutes, respectively; 1.28 (95% CI 1.00–1.65) for neonatal seizures; and 1.18 (95% CI 1.01–1.37) for IVH. Using the FAR approach, corresponding risks were higher. These associations varied by gestational age (&lt;32 and 32–36 weeks). Associations between maternal BMI and asphyxia-related outcomes were partly mediated through lower gestational age.ConclusionsIncreasing maternal BMI in early pregnancy is associated with increased risks of severe asphyxia-related complications in preterm infants. Our findings add to the evidence to support interventions to reduce obesity in woman of reproductive age.
Simple Current Extensions of Tensor Products of Vertex Operator Algebras
Authors: Yamada Hiromichi , Yamauchi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study simple current extensions of tensor products of two vertex operator algebras satisfying certain conditions. We establish the relationship between the fusion rule for the simple current extension and the fusion rule for a tensor factor. In a special case, we construct a chain of simple current extensions. We discuss certain irreducible twisted modules for the simple current extension as well.
Che-1/AATF binds to RNA polymerase I machinery and sustains ribosomal RNA gene transcription
Authors: Sorino Cristina , Catena Valeria , Bruno Tiziana , De Nicola Francesca , Scalera Stefano , Bossi Gianluca , Fabretti Francesca , Mano Miguel , De Smaele Enrico , Fanciulli Maurizio , Iezzi Simona 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOriginally identified as an RNA polymerase II interactor, Che-1/AATF (Che-1) has now been recognized as a multifunctional protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and cancer progression, as well as apoptosis inhibition and response to stress. This protein displays a peculiar nucleolar localization and it has recently been implicated in pre-rRNA processing and ribosome biogenesis. Here, we report the identification of a novel function of Che-1 in the regulation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis, in both cancer and normal cells. We demonstrate that Che-1 interacts with RNA polymerase I and nucleolar upstream binding factor (UBF) and promotes RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription. Furthermore, this protein binds to the rRNA gene (rDNA) promoter and modulates its epigenetic state by contrasting the recruitment of HDAC1. Che-1 downregulation affects RNA polymerase I and UBF recruitment on rDNA and leads to reducing rDNA promoter activity and 47S pre-rRNA production. Interestingly, Che-1 depletion induces abnormal nucleolar morphology associated with re-distribution of nucleolar proteins. Finally, we show that upon DNA damage Che-1 re-localizes from rDNA to TP53 gene promoter to induce cell-cycle arrest. This previously uncharacterized function of Che-1 confirms the important role of this protein in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis, cellular proliferation and response to stress.
Dynamic landscape and evolution of m6A methylation in human
Authors: Zhang Hui , Shi Xinrui , Huang Tao , Zhao Xueni , Chen Wanying , Gu Nannan , Zhang Rui 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
m6A is a prevalent internal modification in mRNAs and has been linked to the diverse effects on mRNA fate. To explore the landscape and evolution of human m6A, we generated 27 m6A methylomes across major adult tissues. These data reveal dynamic m6A methylation across tissue types, uncover both broadly or tissue-specifically methylated sites, and identify an unexpected enrichment of m6A methylation at non-canonical cleavage sites. A comparison of fetal and adult m6A methylomes reveals that m6A preferentially occupies CDS regions in fetal tissues. Moreover, the m6A sub-motifs vary between fetal and adult tissues or across tissue types. From the evolutionary perspective, we uncover that the selection pressure on m6A sites varies and depends on their genic locations. Unexpectedly, we found that ∼40% of the 3′UTR m6A sites are under negative selection, which is higher than the evolutionary constraint on miRNA binding sites, and much higher than that on A-to-I RNA modification. Moreover, the recently gained m6A sites in human populations are clearly under positive selection and associated with traits or diseases. Our work provides a resource of human m6A profile for future studies of m6A functions, and suggests a role of m6A modification in human evolutionary adaptation and disease susceptibility.
Post Hoc Assessment of Time to Clinical Response Among Adults Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia Who Received Either Lefamulin or Moxifloxacin in 2 Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Clinical Trials
Authors: Lodise Thomas , Colman Sam , Stein Daniel S , Fitts David , Goldberg Lisa , Alexander Elizabeth , Scoble Patrick J , Schranz Jennifer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Time to clinical response, a proxy for hospital “discharge readiness,” was compared between CABP inpatients who received lefamulin or moxifloxacin in the Lefamulin Evaluation Against Pneumonia (LEAP) trials. The analysis included 926 inpatients. A short and comparable median time to clinical response (4 days) was observed in both treatment groups.