bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinantes del trabajo infantil en la provincia del Azuay
Authors: Mejía-Matute Silvia , Velásquez-Cedeño Karen , Zhimnay Verónica 
Published: December 2020

Esta es una investigación socioeconómica que se enfoca en la problemática del trabajo infantil, precisamente aborda desde cuando la sociedad y el estado evidencian como un problema la presencia de niños y niñas en el mercado laboral. Si son los determinantes del trabajo infantil en la Provincia del Azuay, los aspectos demográficos, económicos y culturales los que inciden, entonces, ¿cómo cada factor relacionado con la niñez y su familia contribuye para que persista esta problemática? Esta investigación se realizó con entrevistas a profundidad, grupos focales y la aplicación de un modelo econométrico que utiliza la información de la Encuesta Nacional de Niñez y de Empleo, 2012. Su objetivo es: Mostrar cómo posiciones sociales diferentes como la residencia entre el campo y la ciudad llevan a inequidades sociales, que son abordadas con políticas sociales de igualdad de oportunidades; pero un niño que vive en el campo no puede competir en igualdad de oportunidades con otro niño que vive en la ciudad. Estas situaciones deben mostrarse para que la política pública pueda ser más efectiva y no sólo vista como un gasto público.Palabras claveIgualdad de oportunidades, igualdad de posición, niñez, trabajo infantil.
AbstractThis is a socioeconomic research that focuses on the problem of child labor, addressing precisely from when the society and the state evidenced as a problem with the presence of children in the labor market. If they are the determinants of child labor in the province of Azuay, the demographic, economic and cultural aspects that affect, then, how does each factor related to childhood and family for the persistence of this problem? This research was carried out with in-depth interviews, focus groups and the application of an economic model that uses the information from the National Survey of Children and Employment, 2012. Objectives: To show the different social positions as the residence between the countryside and the city entail social inequities that are confronted with social conditions of equal opportunities, but a child who lives in the countryside can not compete on equal opportunities with another child who lives in the city. Then these situations must be shown so that public policy can be more effective and not only seen as a public expense.KeywordsChildhood, child labor, equal opportunities, equal position.
Estudio para determinar el mercado potencial del vinagre de frutas naturales: Aplicación en el Ecuador
Authors: Teneda-Llerena William Fabián , Milla-Toro Sindy Orieta 
Published: December 2020

El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las características del mercado potencial del vinagre de frutas en el Ecuador, en la zona 3, provincias de Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo y Pastaza en el Ecuador y establecer la factibilidad de creación de una empresa para generar valor agregado mediante la transformación de frutas producidas en la provincia de Tungurahua, como la manzana (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) y que actualmente no tienen un proceso industrial. Se realiza un estudio documental, descriptivo y empírico. Para el estudio de la demanda se aplica una encuesta a 383 personas; y para la oferta, a los productores. En la investigación se concluye que en el mercado local existe limitada producción de vinagre y el mismo es importado en grandes cantidades y ofrecido en el mercado ecuatoriano con aditamentos que permiten disfrutar el sabor a frutas en el vinagre, mientras que el vinagre obtenido de frutas se ofrece en pequeñas cantidades. Se realizó un análisis económico y financiero para determinar si el proyecto es factible y genera rentabilidad. Palabras clave: Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Residuos agroindustriales. Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinagre.
SummaryThe objective of the research work is to determine the characteristics of the potential market for fruit vinegar in Ecuador in Zone 3 provinces of Tungurahua, Cotopaxi Chimborazo and Pastaza in Ecuador and establish the feasibility of creating a company to generate added value by transforming fruits produced in the province of Tungurahua, such as apple (Malus domestica), claudia (Prunus domestica), blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) and that currently do not have an industrial process. A documentary, descriptive and empirical study is carried out, for the study of the demand a survey is applied to 383 people and for the offer to the producers. The investigation concludes that in the local market there is limited production of vinegar and it is imported in large quantities and offered in the Ecuadorian market with additives that allow to enjoy the fruit flavor in the vinegar, while the vinegar obtained from fruits is offer in small quantities. An economic and financial analysis was carried out to determine if the project is feasible and generates profitability.Key words Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Agroindustrial waste, Rubus glaucus Benth, Solanum betaceum, vinegar.
Effect of combined phototherapy and regulatory polypeptide selank on cytokine blood profile of patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Dontsova E. V. , Novikova L. A. , Borzunova L. N. , Voron’kova N. A. 
Published: December 2020

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of complex therapy using the regulatory polypeptide selank and combined narrow-band medium-wave and wide-band long-wave ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the correction of the cytokine blood profile and immunoglobulin E (IgE) level in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).Material and methods. In a group of 124 patients with medium-heavy AD (61 men, 63 women; average age 23.7 ± 6.06 years), a comparative analysis of the effect of therapy on the interleukins (IL) -1β,-4,-10,-13, immunoglobulin E (IgE) blood levels was performed. We compared the results of basic drug treatment (BT), additional prescription of selank (S), combined UV phototherapy (CFT) in the range of 311 nm and 320–400 nm, as well as complex therapy (S + CFT + BT).Results. The immune status of AD patients is characterized by high blood levels of IL‑1β,-4,-10,-13 and IgE in comparison with healthy individuals. Standard drug therapy had the least effect on the cytokine profile and level IgE blood of patients. The use of selank increases the anti-inflammatory effect of BT. The regulatory effect on cytokine activity and level IgE is even more significantly enhanced with the use of CFT. The most pronounced immunocorrective effect was demonstrated by complex therapy with the use of combined UV radiation techniques and selank.Conclusions. The use of a combined narrow-band medium-wave (311 nm) and wide-band long-wave (320–400 nm) UV radiation and regulatory polypeptide drug (selank) causes the most pronounced positive effect on the cytokine blood profile and IgE level in patients with AD, which indicates a greater anti-inflammatory activity of this treatment method (p < 0.001) compared to the monotherapy groups and basic therapy (p < 0.001).
Efficacy of combined use of low-dose isotretinoin and phototherapy in patients with different subtypes of rosacea
Authors: Matushevskaya Yu. I. , Agafonova E. V. 
Published: December 2020

Material and methods. 73 patients with different subtypes of rosacea were under observation on an outpatient basis. To study the effectiveness of the combined method of treatment, all patients, depending on the therapy used by the method of simple randomization, were divided into 2 groups, within the groups into 3 subgroups, depending on the subtype of rosacea. Patients of the 1st group received monotherapy with isotretinoin at a dose of 8 mg per day in a daily regimen for three months, then in a regimen every other day for another 3 months. Patients in group 2 received combined therapy with isotretinoin in combination with phototherapy with broadband incoherent light (wavelength 440–950 nm) once every two weeks, a course of 4–6 procedures. Patients of all groups used specialized dermatological cosmetics throughout the study period.Research results. The developed combined method, regardless of the subtype of rosacea, is more effective than monotherapy with isotretinoin: with ETPR, the total DISHS index decreased by 91.2%; with PPPR by 89.6%; with a combination of subtypes by 93.8% versus 41.6%, 53.4% and 54.0% in group 1, respectively.Conclusion. The developed combined method contributes to a more pronounced improvement in the quality of life compared to monotherapy: the DIKI index in group 2 with ETPR decreased by 70.5%, with PPPD by 88.5%, with a combination of subtypes by 95.0%, while in 1 group by 36.3%, 72.4% and 73.8%, respectively.
Improving diagnostics of periodontal diseases in children with connective tissue dysplasia based on X-ray morphometric and densitometric data
Authors: Davydov B. N. , Domenyuk D. A. , Dmitrienko S. V. , Kondratyeva T. A. , Harutyunyan Yu. S. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Detection of maxillofacial pathomorphological changes in children with connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) allows identifying the nature and severity of disorders, as well as it serves the basis for selecting the best treatment options in view of the pathogenetic features. The purpose is to improve the diagnosis of periodontal diseases in children with CTD based on x-ray morphometric indices of the lower jaw and peripheral skeleton ultrasound osteodensitometry.Materials and methods. 92 children with varying CTD severity, and 43 healthy children, underwent cone-beam computed tomogram examination with a further analysis of their X-ray morphometric (quantitative, qualitative) values and the lower jaw optical density indices. Besides, the status of the peripheral skeleton bone tissue was also determined through quantitative ultrasonic densitometry.Results. Quantitative X-ray morphometric indices in healthy children and children with CTD revealed strong positive correlation with the Z-criterion of osteodensitometry, offering an objective reflection of the bone tissue status in the peripheral skeleton.Conclusion. CTD progression in children correlates with the bone structure destruction intensity in the maxillofacial area, an increase in chronic productive inflammation, a decrease in the bone density, bone tissue fibrous transformation, a decrease in the thickness of cortical, and fiber-dissociation in closing, plates, of the lower jaw, prevalence of mid- and fine-meshed bone pattern, disturbed spatial orientation and thinning of bone trabeculae, as well as the development of pathologies in the periodontium.
β-defensins and the inflammatory periodontal diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Tikhomirova E. A. , Slazhneva E. S. , Atrushkevich V. G. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. The steady increase in the number of inflammatory periodontal diseases (IPD) requires the search for new methods of their diagnosis, treatment and prevention. A large number of antimicrobial peptides are expressed in the oral cavity, including β-defensins, which form the first line of defense against periodontal pathogens. A more detailed study of these proteins will help us to answer the question: why this protective barrier breaks through and may we use β-defensins as markers of IPD. The aim is to study information about the role of β-defensins in the pathogenesis of IBD and to evaluate the possibility of their use as biomarkers of these diseases.Materials and methods. Using search systems as PubMed, Google Search and eLIBRARY were found 2106 articles published between 2003 and 2020 years. According to the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria, 39 publications were selected, including in vivo, in vitro and review articles. This review presents data from the selected articles.Results. β-defensins have antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens, but these bacteria can change the expression of the antimicrobial peptides or can be the cause of their destruction due to virulence factors. In addition, the concentration of β-defensins may be affected by the cytokines, synthesized during inflammation in periodontal tissues. Compared with individuals without IPD the patients with chronic generalized gingivitis, aggressive and chronic generalized periodontitis most often have changes in the expression of β-defensins both up and down, which also depends on the stage of the inflammatory process.Conclusion. β-defensins play an important role in the antimicrobial protection of periodontal tissues from the introduction of periodontal pathogens and can be used as markers of IBD. However evaluating the concentration of defensins in the oral fluid, it is necessary to take into account concomitant factors: the presence of periodontal pathogens, the presence of certain cytokines, the stage of the disease, the presence of concomitant pathology and the genetic aspect.
PD-L1 and survival in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kutukova S. I. , Beliak N. P. , Raskin G. A. , Mukhina M. S. , Ivaskova Yu. V. , Razumova A. Ya. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and its effect on survival is still controversial. It should be to determine the prognostic role of PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells of OCSCC and assess their effect on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).Materials and methods. A prospective study included 145 patients, first diagnosed with OCSCC. PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells, infiltrating tumor and its microenvironment, was assessed in all tumor samples by IHC, CPS was calculated. Cut-off values were determined by ROC analysis for identification of PD-L1 expression effect on OS and PFS.Results. Most patients with oral mucosa squamous cell carcinoma showed positive expression of PD-L1 on tumor (77.2%) and immune cells (92.4%). The median PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was 13.5% [1.0-40.0], the median PD-L1 expression on immune cells was 5.0% [1.0-11.0], and the median CPS – 18.0 [3.0-7.8]. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant negative effect of PD-L1 expression on immune cells ≤ 7% on OS (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.45-0.93; p = 0.0498); PD-L1 expression in tumor cells ≤ 15% (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.43-0.98; p = 0.0416) and CPS ≤ 21 (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44-0.92; p = 0.0183) for PFS. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells ≤ 6% (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.47-1.08; p = 0.1096) and CPS ≤ 7 (RR 0.67; 95% CI 0.44-1.01; p = 0.0575) had a confident tendency to negative impact on OS.Conclusion. Positive PD-L1 expression in tumor and immune cells as well as CPS are effective additional factors in the prognosis of the disease course, OS and PFS in patients with OCSCC.
Diagnostic information content of indicators of cytokine profile of gingival fluid in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Yakovlev A. T. , Danilina T. F. , Mikhalchenko V. F. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Modern literature and clinical dental practice do not provide enough information about the value of local immunity parameters for early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal diseases in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. Conventional anti-inflammatory medications used to treat inflammatory periodontal disease are frequently contraindicated during pregnancy. It is important to make a reasonable choice of safe medications, prevention methods, and treatment at early stages of inflammatory periodontal diseases in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. The aim of the present study is to determine informative cytokine levels in gingival fluid for early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal disease and evaluation of effectiveness of “Lysobact” medication in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA).Materials and methods. Cytokine levels (IL-8, IL-10; IgA, IgG) in gingival crevicular fluid were investigated in 46 pregnant women aged 18-35: among them 16 (n = 16) had mild IDA (D50), 15 (n = 15) didn't have IDA, 15 (n = 15) were non-pregnant controls. «Lysobact» (Reg. #ПN0179/01-2002) was used in pregnant women with IDA; conventional antiinflammatory therapy was used to treat pregnant women without IDA, before and after drug therapy (8-10 days) according to clinical examinations.Results. There was determined diagnostic value of cytokine levels (IgA, IgG; IL-8, IL-10) that are of great importance for early diagnosis, evaluation of the course of the disease and effectiveness of “Lysobact” immunomodulating drug, and that significantly increase in pregnant women with IDA (IL-10 from 0.010 [1.790] to 3.050 [8.550] ng/ml) versus pregnant women without IDA (from 0.001 [1.259] to 2.900 [18.640] ng/ml) in comparison with controls (4.5 [1.13] ng/ml).Conclusion. Clinical laboratory results in pregnant women with inflammatory periodontal disease allowed to determine diagnostic value of gingival crevicular fluid parameters (sIgA, IgG; IL-8, IL-10) that are related to clinical periodontal index levels, and are informative non-invasive method and are of practical importance for early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal disease and effectiveness of “Lysobact” drug in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia.
The state of microcirculation and identification of microcirculatory predictors of chronic pain in younger patients with functional disorders of the masticatory system affected by connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Statovskaya E. Е. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Occlusal splints, made for the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), influence proprioceptive sensitivity, sensory characteristics of pain, parameters of microcirculation of the pulp and periodontium of the healthy teeth. Condition of the pulp and periodontium of the healthy teeth should be assessed in patients with TMD associated with connective tissue dysplasia (CTD).Materials and methods. The study examined 36 TMD patients aged 26.3 ± 1.3 лет (М ± m) with CTD (n = 20, main group) and without CTD (n = 16, control group); with natural teeth, without complaints of TMD, masticatory muscles and periodontal condition. Laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) helped to analyze blood flow parameters in the periodontium and pulp of the healthy teeth. Received results were statistically analyzed.Results. Wavelet analysis revealed different microcirculatory flowmotion: high-amplitude irregular type was in patients of the main group, low-amplitude regular type was in controls. In the main group, perfusion is supported by high values of flux and vasomotion, ergotropic sympathetic effects (controlled by catecholamines) prevail, myogenic tone is reduced, elevated microvascular tone reflects possible changes in rheologic blood properties, microcirculatory signs of pain syndrome and relatively elevated ischemic index in pulp microcirculation of healthy teeth.Conclusion. Sensory and regulatory mechanisms, reflected by the condition of periodontium and pulp blood flow, can be regarded as early signs of inflammation and chronic pain in the diagnosis of TMD in patients without complaints.
Hemomicrocirculation of tissues around dental implants: clinical and functional parallels
Authors: Makedonova Yu. A. , Mikhalchenko D. V. , Dyachenko D. Yu. , Veremeenko S. A. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Psychoemotional stress is referred to as a disease of civilizations. When the psychophysiological state of a person is disturbed, all resources are directed to compensating for the pathological situation. With depletion and the development of adaptive capabilities, various disorders of microhemodynamics arise.Materials and methods. In this article, psychoemotional stress is considered as a pathogenic factor in the development of post-prosthetic complications at a dental appointment. Using laser Doppler flowmetry, a comparative analysis of microcirculatory changes in the oral cavity in patients with inflammation of the peri-implant tissue was carried out.Results. Previously, all people had a violation of the psychophysiological state. The control group consisted of healthy people. It is proved that in the comparison group microcirculatory changes occur with the development of arterial hyperemia. In this case, hyperemia was revealed by the ratio of the contribution of pulse and respiratory fluxmotions.Conclusion. Thus, it can be assumed that it is psychoemotional stress that is the primary factor in the development of the inflammatory response in the oral cavity. What should be taken into account at the orthopedic appointment when drawing up a treatment plan for such patients.
Method for quantitative assessment of surgical wound healing (for example, the hole of a removed tooth). Part I
Authors: Lomakin M. V. , Soloshchanskii I. I. , Pokhabov A. A. , Bisultanov H. U. 
Published: December 2020

Relevance. Surgical stages of the dental implant restoration are an indispensable part of the treatment procedures. However, underestimation of residual/ available alveolar bone volume after tooth extraction may challenge implantation planning. Socket healing process might depend on either a surgical technique, or local or systemic preexisting factors, that this study should present as quantitative data. Purpose is to develop a technique for quantitative assessment of a surgical wound healing, e.g. an extraction socket.Materials and methods. The study included 42 patients after extraction of different teeth during the preparatory procedures for further dental arch restoration with implants. Follow-ups, clinical data, laboratory and radiographic findings determined clinical, radiographic, and information values – dependent and independent variables as quantifiable clinical parameters – biomarkers; they were statistically analyzed.Results. The conducted analysis revealed correlation dependence between selected parameters. Highly significant interrelationship allowed calculating the overall success rate of wound/ socket healing after tooth extraction. A regression model was developed to explain 76% healing success rate.Conclusion. Thus, factors and conditions determining the healing of a surgical bone wound, e.g. an extraction socket, consistently affect each other. Numerical sequences of real-life processes characterize the extent and highly significant interrelations and allow predicting the mutual impact of the factors.
COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACT IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH CAMPAIGN
Authors: Gea Desriani 
Published: December 2020

Commissive speech acts focus to carry out the speaker toward particular action in the future. The speech of Donald Trump in campaign rally at Nevada has function to convey his vision and mission as candidate president in second time. This research purposes to find the types of commissive speech act and understand the functions of commissive speech act in Donald Trump’s speech campaign in Henderson, Nevada on 13 September 2020. The orientation in this research refer to utterance of Donald trump, The data source of this research take from video’s Fox Business in YouTube. This research used descriptive qualitative, with technique of collecting data are observation, watching and take note. The result of this research, there are 28 commissive speech acts in different functions. The result indicates 8 types commisive speech act by utterance of Donald Trump, there are promise, threaten, swear, guarantee, warrant, refuse, assure and vow.
KARIKATUR GERAKAN ROMPI KUNING DI BELGIA
Authors: Bau Andi , Bandu Irianty , Faisal Andi 
Published: December 2020

This research is about the caricature analysis of the yellow vest movement in Belgium using a semiotic approach. This study aims to determine the meaning of connotation in the caricature of Les Gilets Jaunes by the caricature Oli. In addition, to know the form of depiction in caricature to convey meaning in caricature. Spurces of research data derivied from caricature web created by Oli, which is one of the caricaturist in Belgium. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The results showed that the caricature related to Oli's Les Gilets Jaunes is a form of the reality of events that occurred. Some of Oli's works use analogy to convey the meaning to be conveyed.