bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of stigma during the course of inpatient psychotherapeutic treatment in a German sample
Authors: Deres Anna Tabea , Bürkner Paul‐Christian , Klauke Benedikt , Buhlmann Ulrike 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current study intends to investigate whether the therapeutic process is impeded by stigma and how stigma develops over the course of cognitive behavioural psychotherapy treatment. Sixty German psychotherapy inpatients were asked on a weekly basis about two facets of stigma: self‐stigma and perceived public stigma. That information was linked to additional process as well as outcome variables (therapeutic engagement, working alliance, depressive, and general psychological symptoms). Both facets of stigma decreased over the course of psychotherapy, but only the decrease in self‐stigma was significant. In a weekly interval, low (high) self‐stigma predicted high (low) levels of working alliance and therapeutic engagement and vice versa. The current study shows that self‐stigma is especially subject to change during the course of an inpatient psychotherapeutic treatment. In addition, our results point to the interrelation between self‐stigma and other process variables contributing to the effectiveness and success of psychotherapy.
Relative utility of agronomic, phenological, and morphological traits for assessing genotype‐by‐environment interaction in maize inbreds
Authors: Falcon Celeste M. , Kaeppler Shawn M. , Spalding Edgar P. , Miller Nathan D. , Haase Nicholas , AlKhalifah Naser , Bohn Martin , Buckler Edward S. , Campbell Darwin A. , Ciampitti Ignacio , Coffey Lisa , Edwards Jode , Ertl David , Flint‐Garcia Sherry , Gore Michael A. , Graham Christopher , Hirsch Candice N. , Holland James B. , Jarquín Diego , Knoll Joseph , Lauter Nick , Lawrence‐Dill Carolyn J. , Lee Elizabeth C. , Lorenz Aaron , Lynch Jonathan P. , Murray Seth C. , Nelson Rebecca , Romay M. Cinta , Rocheford Torbert , Schnable Patrick S. , Scully Brian , Smith Margaret , Springer Nathan , Tuinstra Mitchell R. , Walton Renee , Weldekidan Teclemariam , Wisser Randall J. , Xu Wenwei , de Leon Natalia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlant breeders face the challenge of genotype × environment interaction (G × E) in comprehensively breeding for expanded geographic regions. An improved understanding of G × E sensitivity of traits and the environmental features that effectively discriminate among genotypes will enable more efficient breeding efforts. In this study of 31 maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds grown in 36 environments that are part of the Genomes to Fields Initiative, we measured 14 traits, including flowering date, height, and yield components (i.e., ear and kernel dimensions) to (i) identify traits that are the most sensitive indicators of G × E; (ii) determine how geographic location and weather factors influence environments’ discriminability of inbreds; and (iii) detect patterns of stability in better and worse discriminating environments. Genotype × environment interaction explained between 9.0–20.4% of the phenotypic variance with greater effects in the yield‐component traits. Discriminability of environments varied by trait. Midwest locations (where 26 of the 31 inbreds were developed) were among the most discriminating environments for more traits, while environments in the West and East tended to be less discriminating. Weather factors during silking were significantly different between the most and least discriminating environments more often than average weather across the season or during the period from planting to silking. Stability of genotypes varied by trait, and performance was usually not correlated with stability. The dissection of complex traits, such as yield into component traits, appears to be a useful approach to understand how environmental factors differentially affect phenotype.
Exploration of New Biomass‐Derived Solvents: Application to Carboxylation Reactions
Authors: Gevorgyan Ashot , Hopmann Kathrin H. , Bayer Annette 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA range of hitherto unexplored biomass‐derived chemicals have been evaluated as new sustainable solvents for a large variety of CO2‐based carboxylation reactions. Known biomass‐derived solvents (biosolvents) are also included in the study and the results are compared with commonly used solvents for the reactions. Biosolvents can be efficiently applied in a variety of carboxylation reactions, such as Cu‐catalyzed carboxylation of organoboranes and organoboronates, metal‐catalyzed hydrocarboxylation, borocarboxylation, and other related reactions. For many of these reactions, the use of biosolvents provides comparable or better yields than the commonly used solvents. The best biosolvents identified are the so far unexplored candidates isosorbide dimethyl ether, acetaldehyde diethyl acetal, rose oxide, and eucalyptol, alongside the known biosolvent 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran. This strategy was used for the synthesis of the commercial drugs Fenoprofen and Flurbiprofen.
Integration of kinetic ions in a three‐dimensional Monte‐Carlo neutral transport code
Authors: Schluck Friedrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCharged particles of species different from the major constituents of a plasma might not reach local thermodynamic equilibrium during their lifespan. Such low collisional ions render the often‐used fluid description, assuming Maxwellian velocity distribution, as insufficient. Hence, kinetic treatment of such minorities becomes inevitable. The three‐dimensional kinetic neutral particle Monte‐Carlo code EIRENE [D. Reiter et al., Fusion Science and Technology, 47 (2), 172 (2005)] possesses a model for ion transport reduced in physics, consisting of field‐line tracing and energy relaxation of particles. The trajectory integration is now extended to account for first‐order particle drifts, anomalous cross‐field diffusion denoting for turbulence effects, and the consideration of the magnetic mirror force. The technical implementation, as well as the verification of the enhanced kinetic ion transport is being reported.
Low‐power and area‐efficient design of AES S‐Box using enhanced transformation method for security application
Authors: Nandan V. , Gowri Shankar Rao R. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn implementing well‐known advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm, the main part for constructing the hardware is S‐Box, which is abbreviated from substitution box. This is the basic component of symmetric key cryptographic algorithm, and it requires in AES because of its nonlinear organization with multiplicative inversion. This S‐Box is designed by two transformations, ie, inversing the multiplication part in Galois field directed with modified affine transformation. The limitation of S‐Box is more time and power consumption. This limitation has to be overcome by doing slight modification in affine and inverse affine transform. The time consumption for AES S‐Box is decreased by the proposed transformation method. The proposed system achieved 39% power when compared with the existing system; the proposed system is efficient.
An SDN approach to route massive data flows of sensor networks
Authors: Flauzac Olivier , Javier Gonzalez Santamaria Carlos , Nolot Florent , Woungang Isaac 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWith the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), more and more devices can establish a connection with local area networks and use routing protocols to forward all information to the sink. But these devices may not have enough resources to execute a complex routing protocol or to memorize all information about the network. With proactive routing protocols, each node calculates the best path, and it needs enough resources to memorize the network topology. With reactive routing protocols, each node has to broadcast the message to learn the right path that the packets must follow. In all cases, in large networks such as IoT, this is not an appropriate mechanism. This paper presents a new software‐defined network (SDN)–based network architecture to optimize the resource consumption of each IoT object while securing the exchange of messages between the embedded devices. In this architecture, the controller is in charge of all decisions, and objects only exchange messages and forward packets among themselves. In the case of large networks, the network is organized into clusters. Our proposed network architectures are tested with 1000 things grouped in five clusters and managed by one SDN controller. The tests using OpenDayLight and IoT embedded applications have been implemented on several scenarios providing the ability and the scalability from dynamic reorganization of the end‐devices. This approach explores the network performance issues using a virtualized SDN‐clustered environment which contributes to a new model for future network architectures.
Effect of distance, area, and climate on the frequency of introduction and extinction events on islands and archipelagos
Authors: Li Xianping , Bellard Céline , Hu Feng , Li Huixin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChange in community similarity (e.g., biotic homogenization) is regulated by different types of introduction and extinction events. However, the spatial patterns and potential drivers of these event types have not yet been addressed to date. Here, we used bird species occurrences on 152 oceanic islands worldwide in both historical (~1500 CE) and current periods with the aim to (1) elucidate the variations of these events among islands and archipelagos and (2) disentangle the effects of biogeographical and environmental factors (e.g., spatial distance, island area, climatic conditions, and/or inter‐island distance). We found that community similarity increased at both island and archipelago scales after species introductions and extinctions. The introduction and extinction of one species to/from only one island (unique introduction and extinction) comprise most events (>94%). Island area has a positive effect on nearly all event types at both island and archipelago scales, while climate difference generally has a negative effect on these events. Conversely, responses to spatial distance and inter‐island distance on different events are more complex than expected. Overall, biogeographical variables (area and distance) seem to explain most of the events followed by climate variables. Yet extinction events at the archipelago level were also highly associated with inter‐island distance as an indicator of dispersal limitation. Our findings provide a solid foundation for understanding the event‐mediated processes of homogenization and present essential insights into how biogeographical and environmental factors affect different events on islands.
Impact of remote monitoring on clinical outcomes for patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: results from the REM‐HF trial
Authors: Zakeri Rosita , Morgan John M. , Phillips Patrick , Kitt Sue , Ng G. Andre , McComb Janet M. , Williams Simon , Wright David J. , Gill Jaswinder S. , Seed Alison , Witte Klaus K. , Cowie Martin R. ,   REM‐HF Investigators
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsStudies of remote monitoring (RM) in heart failure (HF) speculate that patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) derive the greatest benefit. We compared the impact of RM vs. usual care on clinical outcomes for patients with and without AF enrolled in the Remote Management of Heart Failure Using Implanted Electronic Devices (REM‐HF) trial.Methods and resultsRhythm status was available for 1561 patients (94.6%). Three categories were defined based on total AF duration during the first year of follow‐up: (i) no AF (n = 1211, 77.6%), (ii) paroxysmal AF (≥6 min to ≤7 days; n = 92, 5.9%), and (iii) persistent/permanent AF (>7 days; n = 258, 16.5%). Clinical activity, mortality, and hospitalisation rates were compared between treatment strategies for each group. RM resulted in a greater volume of clinical activity in patients with any AF, vs. no AF, with the highest per‐patient intervention required for patients with persistent/permanent AF. During 2.8 ± 0.8 years of follow‐up, RM was not associated with a reduction in all‐cause or cardiovascular mortality for patients with AF. However, in patients with persistent/permanent AF, RM conferred an increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular [hazard ratio (HR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.85, P = 0.018] and HF‐related (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.14–3.69, P = 0.016) hospitalisations.ConclusionIn patients with HF and a cardiac implanted electronic device, RM generated greater clinical activity for patients with AF, with no associated reduction in mortality, and conversely, greater risk of cardiovascular hospitalisation amongst patients with persistent/permanent AF. RM strategies may vary in their capability to guide HF management; modified approaches may be needed to improve outcomes for HF patients with AF.
Profiling nucleotides in low numbers of mammalian cells by sheathless CE–MS in positive ion mode: Circumventing corona discharge
Authors: Zhang Wei , Guled Faisa , Hankemeier Thomas , Ramautar Rawi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNegative ion mode nano‐ESI–MS is often considered for the analysis of acidic compounds, including nucleotides. However, under high aqueous separation conditions, corona discharge is frequently observed at emitter tips, which may result in low ion abundances and reduced nano‐ESI needle emitter lifetimes. In this work, we introduce a sheathless CE‐MS method for the highly efficient and sensitive analysis of nucleotides employing ESI in positive ion mode, thereby fully circumventing corona discharge. By using a background electrolyte of 16 mM ammonium acetate (pH 9.7) a mixture of 12 nucleotides, composed of mono‐, di‐, and tri‐phosphates, could be efficiently analyzed with plate numbers per meter above 220 000 and with LODs in the range from 0.06 to 1.3 nM, corresponding to 0.4 to 8.6 attomole, when using an injection volume of about 6.5 nL only. The utility of the method was demonstrated for the profiling of nucleotides in low numbers of mammalian cells using HepG2 cells as a model system. Endogenous nucleotides could be efficiently analyzed in extracts from 50 000 down to 500 HepG2 cells only. Moreover, apart from nucleotides, also some nicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotides and amino acids could be analyzed under these conditions, thereby clearly illustrating the utility of this approach for metabolic profiling of low amounts of biological material.
Short-Term Guideline Values for Chlorine in Marine Waters
Authors: Batley Graeme E. , Simpson Stuart L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Chlorination is commonly used to control biofouling organisms, but chlorine rapidly hydrolyzes in seawater to hypochlorite, which undergoes further reaction with bromide, and then with organic matter. These reaction products, collectively termed chlorine-produced oxidants (CPOs), can be toxic to marine biota. Because the lifetime of the most toxic forms is limited to several days, appropriate guideline values need to be based on short-term (acute) toxicity tests, rather than chronic tests. Flow-through toxicity tests that provide continuous CPO exposure are the most appropriate, whereas static-renewal tests generate variable exposure and effects depending on the renewal rate. There are literature data for acute CPO toxicity from flow-through tests, together with values from 2 sensitive 15-min static tests on 30 species from 9 taxonomic groups. These values were used in a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) to derive guideline values that were protective of 99, 95, and 90% of species at 2.2, 7.2, and 13 µg CPO/L respectively. These are the first marine guideline values for chlorine to be derived using SSDs, with all other international guideline values based on the use of assessment factors applied to data for the most sensitive species. In applying these conservative guideline values in field situations, it would need to be demonstrated that concentrations of CPOs would be reduced to below the guideline value within an acceptable mixing zone through both dilution and dissociation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:754–764. © 2020 SETAC
Binary chemical reaction with activation energy in radiative rotating disk flow of Bingham plastic fluid
Authors: Khan Najeeb A. , Sultan Faqiha , Alshomrani Ali S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article presents flow, heat and mass transfer phenomena in Bingham plastic fluid. The flow channel is considered to be a rotating disk with a slip which is different in span and streamwise directions, and heat transfer is investigated using dissipation term of the fluid. Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction are the imperative features of the study of mass transfer. Bingham plastic fluid and anisotropic slip are the key factors of the study due to their numerous applications in manufacturing industries. On the other hand, the radiative heat transfer phenomenon is considered which is widely used in nuclear and power generating systems. The partial differential equations that govern the flow, and heat and mass transfer are converted into ordinary differential equations by utilizing von Kármán's similarity transformation for rotating disk flows. The velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles and some important physical quantities are examined against important flow parameters. It is observed that the thermal radiation showed an increasing effect on temperature profile and the activation energy enhanced the mass transfer rate. The radial slip increased the volumetric flow rate and reduced the boundary layer thickness. The tangential slip reduced the volumetric flow rate and increased the boundary layer thickness.
Blockade of high mobility group box 1 involved in the protective of curcumin on myocardial injury in diabetes in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Yan Xueyun , Xu Peier , Zhou Le , Lu Jinyue , Tang Haihua , Zheng Yuting , Cao Huaming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of curcumin (Cu) on myocardial injury in diabetic cardiomyopathy in vivo and in vitro. Serum and myocardial glucose, inflammatory cytokines, and cardiac function indexes of type 2 diabetes db/db mice were measured. The mechanism of action was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot experiments. H9C2 cells stimulated by glucose (Glu) were used as cell models in vitro. Cu treatment improved glucose tolerance and lipid profile and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, Cu decreased the serum biochemical indexes. Cu inhibits high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) signaling pathway in db/db mice. Cu treatment also significantly inhibited pa‐induced inflammatory signaling pathway in H9C2 cells. HMGB1 inhibitor or HMGB1 knockdown counteracted the effects of Cu on diabetic cardiomyopathy. The present study showed the protective effects of Cu on myocardial injury via HMGB1 pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy in vivo and in vitro.
Autofluorescence imaging for recurrence detection in skin cancer postoperative scars
Authors: Tamošiūnas Mindaugas , Plorina Emilija V. , Lange Marta , Derjabo Aleksandrs , Kuzmina Ilona , Bļizņuks Dmitrijs , Spigulis Janis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis clinical study is a first attempt to use autofluorescence for recurrence diagnosis of skin cancer in postoperative scars. The proposed diagnostic parameter is based on a reduction in scar autofluorescence, evaluated in the green spectral channel. The validity of the method has been tested on 110 postoperative scars from 56 patients suspected of non‐melanoma skin cancer, with eight patients (13 scars) available for the repeated examination. The recurrence diagnosis within a scar has been made after two subsequent autofluorescence check‐ups, representing the temporal difference between the scar autofluorescence amplitudes as a vector. The recognition of recurrence has been discussed to represent the significant deviations from the value of vector angle θ. This new autofluorescence‐based method can be easily integrated into the postoperative monitoring of surgical scars and can help diagnose the recurrence of skin cancer from the early stage of scar development.
Apoptotic Osteocytes Induce RANKL Production in Bystanders via Purinergic Signaling and Activation of Pannexin Channels
Authors: McCutcheon Sean , Majeska Robert J , Spray David C , Schaffler Mitchell B , Vazquez Maribel 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Localized apoptosis of osteocytes, the tissue-resident cells within bone, occurs with fatigue microdamage and activates bone resorption. Osteoclasts appear to target and remove dying osteocytes, resorbing damaged bone matrix as well. Osteocyte apoptosis similarly activates bone resorption with estrogen loss and in disuse. Apoptotic osteocytes trigger viable neighbor (ie, bystander) osteocytes to produce RANKL, the cytokine required for osteoclast activation. Signals from apoptotic osteocytes that trigger this bystander RANKL expression remain obscure. Studying signaling among osteocytes has been hampered by lack of in vitro systems that model the limited communication among osteocytes in vivo (ie, via gap junctions on cell processes and/or paracrine signals through thin pericellular fluid spaces around osteocytes). Here, we used a novel multiscale fluidic device (the Macro-micro-nano, or Mμn) that reproduces these key anatomical features. Osteocytes in discrete compartments of the device communicate only via these limited pathways, which allows assessment of their roles in triggering osteocytes RANKL expression. Apoptosis of MLOY-4 osteocytes in the Mμn device caused increased osteocyte RANKL expression in the neighboring compartment, consistent with in vivo findings. This RANKL upregulation in bystander osteocytes was prevented by blocking Pannexin 1 channels as well as its ATP receptor. ATP alone caused comparable RANKL upregulation in bystander osteocytes. Finally, blocking Connexin 43 gap junctions did not abolish osteocyte RANKL upregulation, but did alter the distribution of RANKL expressing bystander osteocytes. These findings point to extracellular ATP, released from apoptotic osteocytes via Panx1 channels, as a major signal for triggering bystander osteocyte RANKL expression and activating bone remodeling. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
High‐yield synthesis of pure ZnO nanoparticles by one‐step solid‐state reaction approach for enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Shad Naveed Akhtar , Sajid Muhammad Munir , Javed Yasir , Amin Nasir , Ikram Muhammad , Akhtar Kanwal , Ahmad Gulzar , Ali Faisal , Razaq Aamir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were synthesized via a one‐step solid‐state reaction approach in ammonia (NH3) gas environment with different temperature ramp rates. The so‐formed nanostructures were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, where the typical wurtzite hexagonal structure was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the particle size to be in the range 45–50 nm, the same as calculated by the XRD pattern for the ramp rate of 10 °C/min. Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the chemical purity of the samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum indicated multiple near‐band‐edge emissions and energy‐band emissions. Then, these ZnO nanomaterials were used for the degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye under UV light irradiation. The CV solution was completely degraded in 2 hr. The initial photocatalyst and dye amounts of 0.2 g/100 ml and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, were found to be the optimum values for maximum degradation efficiency. The ZnO‐based photocatalyst was stable up to three cycles of reuse. These results indicate that the high surface area and porosity of the nanomaterials are responsible for the high efficiency, which was confirmed by specific surface area analysis.