bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serologic antibody response to quadrivalent influenza vaccination in Polish elderly patients
Authors: Dubiel P , Ganczak M , Drozd-Dąbrowska M , Hallmann-Szelińska E , Szymański K , Brydak L B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The effectiveness of immunization with subunit inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) in the elderly has not been sufficiently estimated. The study objective was to evaluate QIV-induced antibody response and influencing determinants in Polish elderly patients.

Methods
Consecutive patients ≥55 years old attending the Primary Care Clinic in Gryfino, Poland, received QIV (A/Michigan/45/2015 [A/H1N1/pdm09], A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 [A/H3N2/], B/Colorado/06/2017 [Victoria lineage], B/Phuket/3073/2013 [Yamagata lineage]) between October-December 2018. Hemagglutination-inhibition assays measured antibody response to vaccine strains before/after vaccination. Geometric mean titer (GMT)/titers ratio (GMTR), protection (PR) and response (RR) rates were calculated.

Results
Among 108 participants (45.4% females; age 55-85, median 67 years) the highest GMTR after vaccination was observed for A/H3N2/(61.5-fold) followed by Victoria lineage (10.3-fold), A/H1N1/pdm09 (8.4-fold) and Yamagata lineage (3.0-fold). Most participants had a post-QIV protection for A/H3N2/and Yamagata lineage vaccine strains (64.8%, 70.4% respectively); lower PR were observed for Victoria lineage (57.4%) and A/H1N1/pdm09 (41.8%). The RR was high for A/H3N2/(91.7%) and Victoria lineage (68.5%), however, not satisfactory for A/H1N1/pdm09 and Yamagata lineage (59.3%, 52.8% respectively). Patients who received influenza vaccination in the previous year presented lower response to the both B strains compared to those who did not (p &lt; 0.0001 and p = 0.03 respectively).

Conclusions
Although vaccine-induced antibody response in the elderly Polish population was more effective against A/H3N2/and B Victoria, this introductory study supports the use of QIV. Prior season vaccination was associated with lower antibody response to the current vaccination; this was not consistent to vaccine strains. Further research to better investigate QIV effectiveness determinants in the elderly would be of value.

Key messages
Subunit inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) is effective in elderly people and should be used. The response to vaccination is not consistent and depends on the strain of influenza virus.
Improving access to post-exposure prophylaxis for Lyme disease: a role for community pharmacists
Authors: Baron G , Pinsonneault L , Binet A , Philie C-A , Bonapace-Potvin M , Lio S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue
Virtually non-existent in Eastern Townships (ET) before 2010, Lyme disease incidence rate reached 52 confirmed cases per 100 000 in some districts in 2018, leading to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) recommendation by public health. To improve access to PEP, community pharmacists can now screen and initiate PEP under a collaborative practice agreement (CPA) with the regional Medical Officer of Health. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of pharmacists regarding Lyme disease PEP were surveyed after implementation of this measure.

Description of the problem
312 community pharmacists practicing in ET were invited, in October 2018, to complete an online survey, based on Godin’s integrative model (2012), with questions on professional characteristics, knowledge of CPA, attitudes about PEP, and facilitators and barriers to the use of CPA. Pharmacist’s practices were evaluated using 8 clinical vignettes. Vignette-specific and a global score were calculated. Bivariate analyses were done to test the association between global score and knowledge, attitudes, facilitators and barriers.

Results
Response rate was 13.8%. Most pharmacists knew (97.4%) and were in favor (93.1%) of the CPA, and believed it was effective to prevent Lyme disease (96.4%). The main barriers reported to using the CPA were related to the assessment of PEP criteria. With regards to practice, pharmacists answered correctly for clients presenting all criteria for PEP (80.6%), aged &lt; 8 y.o. (51.6%), who had their tick removed for &gt;72 hrs (67.7%), already presenting with symptoms (32.3%) or who had exposure in a non-endemic area (38.7%). Finally, none of the variables studied were associated with the global score.

Lessons
This measure has now been expanded in other endemic regions in Quebec and a provincial CPA is under development. These results will help guide the development of the provincial CPA, specifically to better consider and to provide guidance regarding PEP contraindications.

Key messages
Pharmacist-initiated PEP is an innovative approach to increase timely population access to an essential preventive measure in the fight against Lyme disease in endemic districts. Additional guidance is required for pharmacists with regards to assessment of PEP criteria in future CPAs.
Treatment of the opioid use disorder in the primary health care in The City of Zagreb
Authors: Margreitner M , Grbic D Stimac , Manzin O Santini , Lang V Bralic 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue/problem
Management of patients with opioid use disorder commonly includes opioid agonist therapy as a part of an integrated treatment plan. These interventions are associated with proven benefits to the individual and society. Treatment choices in opioid use disorder pharmacotherapy should be based on the needs of the individual and characteristics of medications.

Description of the problem
The aim was to present the use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of opioid use disorder in family medicine practice in Zagreb. We collected data from 30 family physician practices, on patients treated for opioid use disorder. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of the patient, the diagnosis according to ICD X rev., as well as the frequency of the medication use and the duration of the treatment.

Results
Data about 100 patients treated for opioid use disorder were obtained, (88% men and 12% women). The average age of the patients was 37.9 years. From all patients, 31% had dg. F.60, 22% had dg. F19, 15% had dg. F32, 3% had dg. F29. 19% of patients was HCV positive. 62%of patients were treated with buprenorphine and 38% with methadone. In 5% of patients buprenorphine was only medication in therapy. 53% of patients with buprenorphine use diazepam, 30% use buprenorphine with antidepressant, and 12% use diazepam and antidepressant with buprenorphine. All patients who are on methadone therapy are using some other medication in therapy. Methadone is commonly prescribed in combination with diazepam and antidepressant (55%). The following combination is methadone and diazepam (34%), a combination of methadone, antipsychotics and pregabalin (7%) and a combination of methadone, antidepressants and antipsychotics (4%). The average duration of treatment for opiate addicts is 11.9 years.

Lessons
Patients who use buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid use disorder have less need for additional medication in therapy than patients who use methadone.

Key messages
Patients who use buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid use disorder have less need for additional medication in therapy than patients who use methadone. Treatment choices in opioid use disorder pharmacotherapy should be based on the needs of the individual and characteristics of medications.
Delegation of medical services to specially trained medical practice assistants
Authors: Jedro C , Holmberg C , Kuhlmey A , Tille F , Stumm J , Schnitzer S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Germany is one of the countries most affected by demographic change. Meaning the shift towards the population being older is growing. At the same time, the number of doctors is declining. In order to ensure adequate care in Germany, the delegation of medical services to specially trained medical practice assistants (MPAs) is currently discussed. The aim of this study was to assess the attitudes of the German population towards medical delegation.

Methods
The analysis was based on a population survey of 6.105 German-speaking residents aged 18 years and over. Associations between respondents’ attitudes towards the delegation and social determinants (age, gender, education, employment status, region, self-rated health) were assessed using standardised questionnaires. Bi- and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were performed.

Results
In case of a chronic disease half of the German-speaking population (51. 8%) would accept getting treated by a MPA. More older participants (65 years and above) than younger participants (18 to 34 years old) (OR: 1,64; KI [1,24-2,18]), more lower than higher educated participants (OR: 1,20; KI [1,04-1,39]) and more non-German than German participants (OR: 1,61; KI [1,24-2,10]) are significantly more likely to not accept medical delegation in case of a chronic disease. Discussion: In the debate on delegation models the present results should be taken into account in order to be able to address relevant target-groups. Further qualitative studies that investigate the reasons for the critical view on delegation are recommended.

Key messages
Approximately 50% of the German-speaking study population would accept treatment by a MPA for chronic disease. Especially older study participants, lower educated people and non-German participants would not accept medical delegation in case of a chronic disease.
Early socioeconomic circumstances and adverse childhood experiences in 10-year-old children
Authors: Peres F Soares , Soares S , Barros H , Santos A C , Fraga S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Evidence showed that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the development of disease later in life and premature death. Examining the occurrence of these experiences at early ages would contribute to intervene and therefore to reduce health inequalities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ACEs among 10-year-children and to examine its association with early socioeconomic circumstances.

Methods
At the fourth wave of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, from Porto, Portugal, 5153 children completed a self-report questionnaire on 9 experiences related to household dysfunction and physical and emotional abuse. Socioeconomic circumstances included household income, maternal and paternal education, and history of parental unemployment. Logistic regression was performed to calculate the Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI).

Results
A high prevalence of physical and emotional abuse was reported by children from low socioeconomic circumstances. A graded relationship between socioeconomic circumstances and cumulative ACEs was observed, for instance, low household income was associated with increased number of ACEs (one event [OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 0.89-1.36], two events [OR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.15-1.73], three events [OR = 1.67; 95%CI: 1.34-2.06], and four or more events [OR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.64-2.55]). Also, living with one parent or none of them increased the likelihood of reporting multiple ACEs (OR = 5.50; 95%CI: 4.23-7.13).

Conclusions
Children from low socioeconomic circumstances were more likely to report multiple adverse experiences in the first decade of life. These findings support that children from less advantaged environments might be at a higher risk of co-occurrence of adverse experiences during their childhood.

Key messages
Prevalence of ACEs is high among 10-year-old children and is associated with low socioeconomic circumstances. Social inequalities in children should be prioritized by public health policy.
Spatial analysis and mapping of child malnutrition in Burkina Faso
Authors: Chuang Y 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Approximately 45% of all child deaths are associated with malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. However, information on the geographical variations of child malnutrition in Burkina Faso is limited. This study examined the geographical distribution and the community characteristics associated with child malnutrition in Burkina Faso using spatial regression analysis.

Methods
Data from the 2011 Burkina Faso Demographic Health Survey were analyzed. A representative sample of 572 communities and 6,120 children under age of five were in the survey. A general Kriging interpolation method was used to generate spatial malnutrition patterns. The Local Indicator of Spatial Autocorrelation was used to identify particular communities clustering with high and low child malnutrition scores. In the spatial regression analysis, we used a two-step procedure combining generalized estimating equation models (GEE) and spatial lag modeling techniques.

Results
The average rates of stunting and wasting were 32.48%, and 15.05%, respectively. Stunting hotspots were observed to be in the eastern and northeastern part of Burkina Faso (i.e. Oudolan, Séno), while high rates of wasting were observed in the central-north part. The results of the spatial regression analysis revealed lower stunting rates in communities with a higher percentage of households with improved sanitation. Communities with higher rates of professionally assisted births were associated with low wasting rates while communities with higher rates of households with low wealth index reported higher rates of wasting. Spatial lag models appeared to estimate the relationship between community-level risk factors and stunting and wasting more accurately than the ordinary least squares models.

Conclusions
This study revealed significant geographical patterns and community factors associated with childhood malnutrition. These factors should be considered for future programs aiming at reducing child malnutrition in Burkina Faso.

Key messages
The study identifies spatial trends and contextual factors associated with child malnutrition in Burkina Faso. Public health programs should focus on the regions identified as hot spots of child malnutrition in Burkina Faso.
Sexual maturation in girls: association with physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Authors: Desnouck V , Pedroni C , Dujeu M , Moreau N , Lebacq T , Holmberg E , Castetbon K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
During adolescence, physical activity tends to decline, especially among girls. Adolescent inactivity is due in part to biological factors, among which pubertal development may play a role. Our aim was to study in girls, the relationship of sexual maturation based on menarche with physical activity and sedentary behaviour.

Methods
Analyses were based on a two-stage random sample of 3,911 10-15-year-old girls included in the 2018 cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey carried out in French-speaking schools. Menarche, sufficient levels of physical activity (PA) (global PA: at least 60 min. of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA daily, and vigorous PA: at least 3 times/week), sedentary week time based on all-screen use duration (SWT; categories based on tertiles), and sociodemographic characteristics were self-reported. Multilevel multiple binary (for PA) and multinomial (for SWT) logistic regressions were performed, stratified by age group (≤12.5 years vs. &gt;12.5 years).

Results
Twenty percent of girls aged ≤ 12.5 years and 85.0% of girls aged &gt; 12.5 years have had their first period. Within the group aged ≤12.5, post-menarcheal girls were more likely to spend long SWT (≥8h/day) than pre-menarcheal girls (vs. short SWT (&lt;4h/day): aRRR= 1.74 [1.27-2.37]; NS for moderate SWT (4-7h/day)). Within those aged &gt;12.5, post-menarcheal girls were less likely to engage in sufficient vigorous PA (aOR=0.76 [0.59-0.98]) than pre-menarcheal girls. Moreover, they were more likely to spend moderate (aRRR=1.70 [1.19-2.42]) and long SWT (aRRR=2.74 [1.94-3.88]) than pre-menarcheal girls of same ages. Additional adjustments for age modified the strength of associations.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that during adolescence, the physiological changes induced by sexual maturation may contribute to the decline in physical activity (in &gt; 12.5 years), and in the increase in sedentary behaviour in girls. Potential confounding by age will be explored further.

Key messages
Development of strategies aimed at improving physical activity among adolescent girls should take into account, among other aspects, pubertal development. Specific interventions, targeting pubescent girls, should also be developed to reduce screen time in order to prevent its potential negative consequences.
Placing healthy kids meals on the restaurant menu by co-creation between chef-cooks and children
Authors: Bevelander K E , Kwakernaak L , Laset E , Zeinstra G , Molleman G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Problem
Eating out is associated with enjoyment, but not healthy meals. The number of families that consume their daily calories from away-from-home foods is increasing. Most restaurants (90%) offer kids meals that are lacking vegetables and are high in calories, sodium and saturated fat. Additionally, families are exposed to many advertisements promoting unhealthy foods and only 3% is aimed at healthy choices.

Description
The local health authority of the city Nijmegen in the Netherlands started a program (January-June 2019) in collaboration with the local hospital, university, city council, restaurants, primary schools and children’s council to promote healthy kids meals in restaurants. Chef-cooks, a dietician and culinary advisor visited the schools they were paired to in their neighborhood to co-create new kids menus. In parallel, students conducted focus groups at schools that could not be visited by the chef-cooks. Information was gathered about which healthy foods children like, and how to present and promote the meals in an attractive way. Next, the children were invited to the restaurants to taste and rate three kids meals created by the input of the children. The winning meals stayed on the restaurant menus for at least a month, while promoting the meals with marketing techniques that were suggested by the children and tested in two experiments: online and in the restaurants.

Results
During the co-creation lessons at schools, children became more aware of the primarily unhealthy food options in restaurants. Preliminary findings suggest that although most parents would choose unhealthy kids menus in restaurants, healthy meals can be promoted to families by use of characters.

Lessons
Restaurants are willing to offer and promote healthy kids menus. Co-creation with the target audience and a collaboration between different parties may increase the effect of an environment-level intervention to achieve individual and family-level behavior change.

Key messages
Involving children and local parties to increase the availability of healthy kids meals in restaurants and promoting these meals can be an effective way to make eating out a healthy experience. A collaboration between different local public and private parties may increase the effect of an environment-level intervention to achieve individual and family-level behavior change.
Suicide mortality and its income-based inequalities in Korea, 2005-2017
Authors: Kang H Y , Bahk J , Khang Y H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Backgrounds
The suicide mortality rate in Korea has been the highest in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries between 2003 and 2016. The trends of suicide mortality and its inequalities according to socioeconomic positions provide important information in establishing suicide prevention policies. This study investigated trends in suicide mortality and its income-based inequalities in Korea between 2005 and 2017.

Methods
Data from 2005-2017 National Health Insurance Database individually linked with cause-of-death data of Statistics Korea were employed. A total of 164,412 suicidal deaths from 574,610,162 subjects aged 10 or over were analyzed. Age-standardized suicide mortality rates were calculated by the calendar year, sex, and income quintiles. The slope index of inequality was calculated as an absolute measure for inequality and relative index of inequality was used as a relative inequality measure.

Results
The suicide mortality in Korea increased from 29.3 per 100,000 in 2005 to 33.3 in 2011, then decreased to 23.1 in 2017. Suicide mortality rates in men were more than twice as high as the rates in women and the gender gap remained throughout the period. The lower income-level, the higher the suicide mortality rate, especially in men. The absolute inequality in suicide measured by the slope index of inequality has changed as the suicide mortality rate fluctuated, but the relative inequality in suicide has increased since 2012.

Conclusions
The suicide mortality in Korea has increased due to the global financial crisis and copycat suicide following celebrity suicides in 2008, but it has decreased since the paraquat ban in 2011-12. Despite the recent decline in suicide mortality, the gap between income quintiles did not change meaningfully during the study period. In particular, the magnitude of relative inequality has increased. Progressive national policies should be implemented to reduce suicide mortality and its income gaps.

Key messages
Despite the recent decline in suicide mortality in Korea, the income-based inequalities in suicide did not change meaningfully. The magnitude of relative inequalities has increased recently.
A systematic scoping review to approach the construct of gender discrimination
Authors: de la Torre L , Oliver A , Torres X , Bertran M J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Gender discrimination (GD) has been frequently linked to mental health. The heterogeneity of GD definition has led to different assessment methodologies and variation around the analysis of GD. This can affect the study of the association between GD and health outcomes. The main goal of this systematic scoping review is the review of previous studies to operationalize the definition of the GD construct.
Three search strategies were set in Pubmed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. 1st and 2nd search strategies included studies if their main focus was either, the analysis of discrimination perception, triggers of discrimination or the analysis of GD effects and associated factors to its perception. 3rd strategy was focused on the identification of GD questionnaires. The prevalence of GD, factors and consequences associated with GD perception and forms of discrimination were the principal variables collected. Risk of bias was assessed (PROSPERO: CRD42019120719).
A total of 925 studies were obtained and 84 papers included. GD analysis environments were described. 60 questionnaires of discrimination were identified. Prevalence of GD varied between 3.4-67%. Female gender and a younger age were the factors most frequently related to GD. Poorer mental health was the most frequent consequence. Two components of the GD construct were identified: undervaluation (different recognition, opportunities in access, evaluation standards and expectations) and different treatment (verbal abuse and behavior).
GD is measured in several environments and with different methodologies. The two component definition of GD can add order and precision to the measurement, increase response rates and reported GD.

Key messages
The heterogeneity in the conception of gender discrimination has led to different ways of assessment and to a great heterogeneity around the analysis of GD perception. This operative gender discrimination construct could add order and precision to its measurement, increase response rates and reported GD.