bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update of use of dietary indices to control for diet in human gut microbiota studies
Authors: Bowyer Ruth , Shivappa Nitin , Wells Philippa M , Spector Tim D , Welch Ailsa A , Hébert James , Steves Claire J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background In our recent publication (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0455-y ) we concluded that of the three dietary indices we studied the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was the index of choice where researchers wish to account for the role of diet in microbiome association studies. Following correspondence from its creators, we replicated our initial study with an additional index, the Dietary inflammation index (DII ® ) using an updated data analysis pipeline for microbiota comparisons that incorporate the use of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) rather than the previously utilised Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) reflects the inflammatory potential of an individual’s diet, after controlling for total energy intake, which is of interest given the known association between the microbiota and inflammatory disease. Results Using data from 5047 participants of the TwinsUK cohort, we observed the E-DII to be a valid dietary measure within this cohort. The E-DII had a stronger association with frailty, a measure of health deficit, than the HEI (E-DII: β = 0.12, p < 0.001; HEI: β = −0.09, p < 0.001) But not with BMI (E-DII: β = 0.04, p <0.01, HEI: β = −0.07, p <0.001). In a subset of individuals (n = 1853) with existing microbiota data, the E-DII had a stronger association with measures of microbiota species (alpha) diversity; the HEI had a higher number of associations with differences of taxa abundance. Of interest are the differences where the two indexes do not overlap). For example, the genus with the strongest association with the E-DII but not significantly associated with the HEI was assigned as Escherichia/Shigella (logFC=0.692, q<0.001). Both indexes were associated with PCoAs of weighted UniFrac distances. Conclusion Both the E-DII and HEI are strong candidates for use as covariates in microbiota association studies where measures of the microbiota are captured using ASVs. The E-DII is an interesting alternative to the HEI particularly where study designs are looking to assess causality of the microbiota in driving inflammation and inflammatory disease.
Depression, resilience and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in asylum-seeker war refugees
Authors: Malliarou Maria , Tsapakidi Dimitra , Gouva Mairi , Kotrotsiou Evaggelia , Nikolentzos Athanasios , Sarafis Pavlos 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The number of refugees and displaced people who have been forced to migrate due to war, mass violence and political instability has reached unprecedented levels. The objective of this study was to assess the degree of depression, resilience and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in asylum-seeker war refugees, temporally stationed in Larisa, Central Greece, through self-administered questionnaire. Simple regression, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and one-way Anova was used. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out with asylum-seeker war refugees residing in Larisa at a number of apartments rented and ran by the UNHCR and the municipality of Larisa. For the data collection PHQ-9 questionnaire, CD-RISC questionnaire and Harvard Trauma questionnaire (HTQ) were used. Descriptive statistics were applied, as well as Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results A total of 64 immigrants (40 males and 23 females, 1-mssing value) agreed to participate in the research. The mean age was 35.72 (SD 7.45), 35 respondents were classified as increased PTSD (scores > 2.5). The results showed a physically and exhausted sample, with marginal mental strength (Mean = 59.38%), fluctuating between moderate (N% = 28.10%) and severe depression (N% = 28.10%). About one in two participants (N% = 54.70%) showed signs of post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD, reporting traumatic experiences that mainly involved immediate events of violence, i.e. beating, while there were very few cases of sexual abuse or violence. A key factor in the formulation of PTSD, depression and Mental Stress Indicators was found to be age but limited to 43 years. Conclusion This study revealed that the refugees of the sample are tired, after being absent and idle for about 2 years from their homeland, in a marginal state of collapse. The most important event-hope that sustains its moderate resilience is the grant of asylum and the hope of arrival in the country of destination.
Adropin and Apelin -12, two better predictors of metabolic syndrome in obese children
Authors: Yin Chunyan , zhang hong ai , Zhang Meizheng , xiao yanfeng y 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the most extensively described condition associated with childhood and adolescent obesity and is a challenging public health issue. Studies regarding the specificity and sensitivity of serum levels of adropin and apelin -12 as predictors of MetS are limited. The aim was to evaluate the prospective association between adropin and apelin -12 concentrations and MetS and sensitivity as predictors of MetS in the obese children. Methods This study involved 138 children. The study group included obese subjects with MetS and the two control groups included obese without MetS and normal weight subjects. Anthropometric parameters and clinical data were collected. Plasma levels of apelin -12, adropin, leptin, adiponectin and TNF-α were measured. Results Obese children with MetS had significantly higher levels of apelin -12 and significantly lower levels of adropin compared to those without MetS. In logistic regressions, we identified that apelin -12 was risk factor for metabolic syndrome and adropin was the protecting factors of having MetS after adjustment for age, sex and puberty. Furthermore, adropin and apelin -12 are two more sensitive predictors of metabolic syndrome than leptin and adiponect using ROC method. Conclusion Serum adropin and apelin -12 levels can be useful biomarkers for evaluation of the risk of MetS in obese children. This may provide a novel approach for treatment or prevention of MetS development.
Extensive transcriptome changes underlying the fruit skin color intensity variation in purple eggplant
Authors: Zhou Xiaohui , Liu Songyu , Liu Yaping , Liu Jun , Yang Yan , Wang Dan , Zhuang Yong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Fruit skin color intensity is one of the most important economic traits of purple eggplant. A wide diversity for fruit skin color intensity exists in purple eggplant and the accumulation of anthocyanins and chlorophylls of fruit skin mainly affected color intensity. However, limited information is available contributing to the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit skin color intensity variation in eggplant.Results: In the present study, variation of two purple eggplant advanced lines EP26 and EP28, with different fruit skin color intensity was investigated. Comparative transcriptome analysis of EP26 and EP28 identified a total of 2218 differential expressed genes (DEGs) at two different developmental stages. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. In addition, a total of 131 transcription factors including MYB , bHLH , WRKY , and NAC exhibited dynamic changes, which might be responsible for the variation of fruit pigments accumulation between EP26 and EP28.Conclusions: Taken together, these results expand our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying fruit skin color intensity variation in purple eggplant, which allowing for improvement of fruit coloration in eggplant breeding.
GnRHa vs. observation in the treatment of multiple leiomyomas after myomectomy: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wei Jia , Ma Xiangyi , Wang Wenwen , Zhang Minli , Yu Zhiying , Zhang Wei , Hong Li , Li Zhiying , Li Lin , Wang Yan , Feng Yun , Guo Ruixia , Zhang Chunlian , Yue Qinfen , Wang Wuliang , Wang Shixuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Recurrence of the leiomyoma is one of the major concerns of myomectomy in the long-term management, especially for the multiple leiomyomas. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is currently one of the most effective medications to reduce the volume of the fibroids and the uterus. However, its role in preventing recurrence after conservative surgery remains unclear. At present, there is no evidence from randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy between GnRHa and follow-up observation in the recurrence rate of multiple leiomyomas after myomectomy.Methods: We are conducting a randomized controlled trial in women aged 18-45 undergoing myomectomy for the multiple leiomyomas. After the surgery, women whose pathological result confirms multiple leiomyoma are randomized into two parallel groups: observation group and GnRHa group. The primary outcome is the recurrence of either clinical symptoms or imaging.Discussion: The results of this study will provide evidence for the efficacy of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in preventing the recurrence of high-risk leiomyoma after myomectomy.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-IPR-17012992 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=21797 ). Registered on 15 Oct 2017.
Tecnologías de internet para diseñar la red eléctrica del futuro
Authors: Estrada Andrés E. 
Published: March 2020

Actualmente, la infraestructura de la red eléctrica se encuentra en evaluación en diferentes países: la cuestión es que es antigua y ya no responde a las exigencias y necesidades que la sociedad demanda. La próxima generación de esta red, a menudo llamada "red inteligente", deberá contar con generación de energía distribuida, más capacidad de almacenamiento, decenas de millones de fuentes de energía renovable estocásticas y el uso de las tecnologías de la comunicación, tanto para permitir la armonía entre la oferta y la demanda como para incentivar un adecuado comportamiento del consumidor. Estos desafíos buscan reducir la pérdida de energía y la huella de carbono de la red, haciéndola más "inteligente" y "más verde". En este documento se discute cómo aplicar los conceptos y las tecnologías descubiertas y aplicadas en la Internet, fruto de más de cuatro décadas de investigación, al diseño de la red eléctrica inteligente. Esto es posible debido a que ambas redes están diseñadas para satisfacer las necesidades fundamentales de información y de energía, respectivamente, a través de conexiones entre proveedores dispersos geográficamente, para consumidores igualmente dispersos geográficamente. Teniendo en cuenta éstas y otras similitudes –y también diferencias fundamentales– se proponen varias áreas específicas en las que los conceptos y las tecnologías de Internet pueden contribuir al desarrollo de la siguiente generación de la red eléctrica. También se describen algunas áreas donde se pueden mejorar las operaciones de Internet aplicando la experiencia adquirida en la red eléctrica.
Identificación, referenciación y análisis de los vectores estratégicos del plan estratégico de ciencia, tecnología e innovación del Tolima
Authors: Aguilera Alvear Alexis A. 
Published: March 2020

Como parte de las actividades metodológicas para la formulación del Plan Estratégico de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación del Tolima (PECTIT), se propone la realización de la referenciación internacional con el propósito de identificar los vectores estratégicos de Sistemas Regionales de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SRCTI) que han contribuido para un “buen u óptimo” desempeño del Sistema como parte del desarrollo socio-económico, productivo, ambiental y tecnológico de regiones extranjeras. El ejercicio mencionado involucró a cinco regiones, ubicadas en Brasil, Chile, Italia, México y España, seleccionadas debido a sus buenas actuaciones sociales, ambientales y económicas, que se han basado en la ciencia, la tecnología y las estrategias de innovación. La identificación de determinados vectores estratégicos apoyará RSTIS Tolima para priorizar estrategias y programas como componentes PECTIT, para ser ejecutado en el corto, mediano y largo plazo.
Identification and enumeration of microbial organisms in grey water in the Khayelitsha informal settlement, Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Leuta Qenehelo A. , Odendaal James P. , Paulse Arnelia N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Grey water, as opposed to blackwater, is generally assumed to be a safer and more acceptable wastewater source that could be considered for reuse. This is mainly due to a common misconception that its microbial load is lower compared to that of blackwater (domestic sewage). This study aimed to determine the presence of microbial contaminants, specifically pathogens, in stagnant grey water in the RR Section in Khayelitsha, Western Cape. The most probable number (MPN) technique was conducted to determine faecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli (EC) counts in the samples. The API 20E and the RapID ONE systems were used to identify possible pathogenic Gram-negative microorganisms, while the isolated Gram-positive microorganisms were identified using the BBL Crystal Gram-Positive (GP) Identification (ID) system. The highest respective FC and EC counts observed during this period were recorded as 2.8 × 107 microorganisms/100 mL (Site F, week 5). The RapID ONE and the API 20 identification systems identified mostly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Enterobacter cloacae, amongst others, while the BBL Crystal-GP ID system identified mostly Corynebacterium and Bacillus species. The presence of these organisms raises health concerns for the community of RR Section.
Synthesis and Characterization of Folic Acid Conjugated Gemcitabine Tethered Silver Nanoparticles (FA-GEM-AgNPs) for Targeted Delivery
Authors: Karuppaiah Arjunan , Rajan Ravikumar , Hariharan Sivaram , Balasubramaniam Dinesh K. , Gregory Marslin , Sankar Veintramuthu 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted considerable interest in the medical industry
due to their physicochemical properties, small size, and surface plasmon behavior. Their smaller particle size and
instability in blood circulation leads to toxicity due to its aggregation as Ag+ ions and accumulation at the deepseated
organ. In the present study, we aimed at reducing the toxicity of AgNPs by conjugation with an anticancer
drug GEM and to improve their internalization through folate receptors-mediated endocytosis by capping the
nanoparticles with folic acid (FA).

Methods:
One-pot facile synthesis of FA capped silver nanoparticles (FA-AgNPs) has been achieved by using FA
as a reducing agent. FA-AgNPs were mixed with Gemcitabine (GEM) to obtain tethered FA-GEM-AgNPs.
Nanoparticles were characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), Selected Area Electron Diffraction
(SAED), and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT) assay was carried out to determine the cytotoxic effect of the prepared nanoformulations. The
apoptotic cell death induced by FA-GEM-AgNPs in breast cancer cells were monitored with Acridine orange
(AO)/Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) staining.

Conclusion:
Compared to GEM and AgNPs, FA-GEM-AgNPs showed enhanced cytotoxic effect and internalization
in MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cell line. FA-GEM-AgNPs could be an ideal candidate for targeting cancer
cells via folate receptor-mediated endocytosis.
A Comprehensive Review of Alzheimer’s Association with Related Proteins: Pathological Role and Therapeutic Significance
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sharma Aditi , Sharma Lalit 
Published: March 2020

:Alzheimer’s is an insidious, progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disease which causes the devastation of neurons. Alzheimer's possesses complex pathologies of heterogeneous nature counting proteins as one major factor along with enzymes and mutated genes. Proteins such as amyloid precursor protein (APP), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), presenilin, mortalin, calbindin-D28K, creactive protein, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and prion protein are some of the chief elements in the foremost hypotheses of AD like amyloid-beta (Aβ) cascade hypothesis, tau hypothesis, cholinergic neuron damage, etc. Disturbed expression of these proteins results in synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, memory loss, and neuronal degradation. On the therapeutic ground, attempts of developing anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, anti-tau therapies are on peak, having APP and tau as putative targets. Some proteins, e.g., HSPs, which ameliorate oxidative stress, calpains, which help in regulating synaptic plasticity, and calmodulin-like skin protein (CLSP) with its neuroprotective role are few promising future targets for developing anti-AD therapies. On diagnostic grounds of AD C-reactive protein, pentraxins, collapsin response mediator protein-2, and growth-associated protein-43 represent the future of new possible biomarkers for diagnosing AD. The last few decades were concentrated over identifying and studying protein targets of AD. Here, we reviewed the physiological/pathological roles and therapeutic significance of nearly all the proteins associated with AD that addresses putative as well as probable targets for developing effective anti-AD therapies.
A Brief Review on Dual Target of PARP1 and STAT3 for Cancer Therapy: A Novel Perception
Authors: Lakshmanan Kaviarasan , Byran Gowramma , Mohammed Manal 
Published: March 2020

Background:Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Around the world, over 10 million cancer cases occur annually. Half of all men and one-third of all women will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime. It is one of the most feared diseases, primarily because half of those diagnosed with cancer die from it. There are several treatments available for cancer. Almost all traditional cytotoxic agents suffer from severe toxicities and other undesirable side effects.Objective:In recent years, the development of targeted medicines has made significant achievements. Unfortunately, though these agents can block key regulators of signaling pathways in cancer, multiple compensatory pathways always attenuate pharmacological effect of single-target drugs. In addition, poor response rates and acquired drug resistance also represent a significant barrier to widespread use of targeted medicines. More recently, a number of combinatorial therapies have expanded treatment options, which can directly block several key signaling pathways and create a synergistic effect.Conclusion:Therefore, in order to overcome these barriers, the present investigation aims to develop a new strategy for designing a single molecule with inhibition of two receptors (PARP1 and STAT3) simultaneously and producing enhanced anti-cancer activity with less and/or null toxicity.
Ustekinumab-induced Sarcoidosis in a Patient with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Kobak Senol , Semiz Huseyin 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that may affect
different joints. Sarcoidosis is a Th-1 cell-related chronic granulomatous disease characterized by
non-caseating granuloma formation. The coexistence of both the diseases is a rare entity. Ustekinumab,
an IL12 / 23 inhibitor, has shown efficacy and safety in the treatment of PsA.

Objective:
This study presents a case with ustekinumab-induced sarcoidosis in a patient with PsA.

Case Report:
A 52 years old female patient with complaints of pain and swelling of the wrists,
MCP, PIP and DIP joints and skin lesions was referred to our Rheumatology clinic. On her medical
history, she had been under follow up for 5 years with the diagnosis of psoriasis and one year ago, she
started to receive ustekinumab prescribed by a dermatologist. On physical examination, she had psoriasis
skin lesions and arthritis of both wrists, MCP, PIP, DIP joints. Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathies
were detected in the chest X-ray and thorax computed tomography. In laboratory tests, acute phase reactants
and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were high. Endobronchial ultrasonography
biopsy was performed and non-caseating granuloma consistent with sarcoidosis was reported. Ustekinumab
was discontinued, methotrexate and low-dose corticosteroid were started. The patient was clinically
stable in the 6th month of the treatment and the findings were regressed.

Conclusion:
Sarcoidosis development appears to be a new paradoxical effect of ustekinumab therapy,
being another biological agent.
IsoDetect: Detection of Splice Isoforms from Third Generation Long Reads Based on Short Feature Sequences
Authors: Li Hong-Dong , Zhang Wenjing , Luo Yuwen , Wang Jianxin 
Published: March 2020

Background:Transcriptome annotation is the basis for understanding gene structures and analysing gene expression. The transcriptome annotation of many organisms such as humans is far from incomplete, due partly to the challenge in the identification of isoforms that are produced from the same gene through alternative splicing. Third generation sequencing (TGS) reads provide unprecedented opportunity for detecting isoforms due to their long length that exceeds the length of most isoforms. One limitation of current TGS reads-based isoform detection methods is that they are exclusively based on sequence reads, without incorporating the sequence information of annotated isoforms.Objective:We aim to develop a method to detect isoforms by incorporating annotated isoforms.Methods:Based on annotated isoforms, we propose a splice isoform detection method called IsoDetect. First, the sequence at exon-exon junctions is extracted from annotated isoforms as “short feature sequences”, which is used to distinguish splice isoforms. Second, we align these feature sequences to long reads and partition long reads into groups that contain the same set of feature sequences, thereby avoiding the pair-wise comparison among the large number of long reads. Third, clustering and consensus generation are carried out based on sequence similarity. For the long reads that do not contain any short feature sequence, clustering analysis based on sequence similarity is performed to identify isoforms. Therefore, our method can detect not only known but also novel isoforms.Result:Tested on two datasets from Calypte anna and Zebra Finch, IsoDetect shows higher speed and good accuracies compared with four existing methods.Conclusion:IsoDetect may become a promising method for isoform detection.