bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grammatical Characteristics of Vietnamese and English in Developing Bilingual Children
Authors: Dam Quynh , Pham Giang , Potapova Irina , Pruitt-Lord Sonja 
Published: August 2020

PurposeDefining parameters for typical development in bilingual children's first and second languages can serve as the basis for accurate language assessment. This is the first study to characterize Vietnamese and English grammatical development in a sample of bilingual children.MethodParticipants were 89 Vietnamese–English bilingual children, aged 3–8 years. Children completed story retell tasks in Vietnamese and English. Stories were transcribed and analyzed for grammaticality, error patterns, subordination index, and types of subordinating clauses. Of key interest were associations with age and identifying developmental patterns that were shared across languages or unique to a given language.ResultsAge correlated with more measures in English than in Vietnamese, suggesting that older children had higher grammaticality and greater syntactic complexity in English than younger children. Children also produced greater syntactic complexity with age in Vietnamese, but not higher grammaticality. There were a set of error patterns shared across languages (e.g., object omission) and patterns specific to each language (e.g., classifier errors in Vietnamese, tense errors in English). While children produced nominal, adverbial, and relative clauses in Vietnamese and English, the proportion of each clause type differed by language.ConclusionsResults from this typically developing sample provide a reference point to improve clinical practice. Characterizing developmental patterns in sentence structure in Vietnamese and English lays the groundwork for investigations of language disorders in this bilingual population.
Exploring the Cultural Validity of Parent-Implemented Naturalistic Language Intervention Procedures for Families From Spanish-Speaking Latinx Homes
Authors: Cycyk Lauren M. , Huerta Lidia 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis study addressed the cultural, linguistic, and contextual validity of parent-implemented naturalistic language interventions for young children from Latinx homes. Parents' perspectives on the acceptability of commonly delivered intervention procedures were explored.MethodThirty-seven parents from Spanish-speaking Latinx backgrounds with children under the age of 6 years participated. Four focus groups were completed. Parents responded to 14 procedures regarding the intervention implementers, settings, activities, strategies, and language. Structural and emergent coding was used to explore procedural acceptability and parents' rationales for perceiving each procedure as acceptable, not acceptable, or neutral.ResultsSubstantial intracultural variability in parents' acceptance of specific procedures and the reasons for their perspectives was observed. Parents' perspectives evinced both individualist and collectivist orientations toward child language development. Several suggestions regarding promising adaptations for early language interventions that may overlap with evidence-based parent-implemented naturalistic language intervention procedures emerged.ConclusionThe findings highlight the variability within the Latinx community that is likely to impact the cultural validity of early language interventions for children and families from this background. Considerations for enhancing interventions to achieve cultural congruency and promote child outcomes are provided.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12315713
Phonological–Orthographic Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia in Three Spanish–English Bilingual Students
Authors: Ijalba Elizabeth , Bustos Alicia , Romero Sayume 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to present three case studies of developmental dyslexia in dual-language learners (DLLs) and our assessment process. We identify how phonological and orthographic deficits influence reading outcomes. We review the literature on theoretical models of bilingualism and reading models of developmental dyslexia to guide the assessment process through a multicomponential approach. We point out differences in the manifestation of dyslexia in more and less transparent writing systems. We suggest that reading instruction in Spanish can afford benefits to English–Spanish DLLs with developmental dyslexia.MethodThe study included three participants, two in fifth grade (10.3–11.7 years) and one in college (18.7 years). The assessment battery included reading nonwords and sight words (Test of Word Reading Efficiency); reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension (Gray Oral Reading Tests–Fourth Edition); phonological awareness subtests (Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing); and rapid automatized naming tests. A language and reading history interview was elicited from the mothers. In addition, we analyzed the participants' phonemic and word errors in reading.ResultsOur three participants showed core phonological deficits, with decreased performance in decoding nonwords and low accuracy in reading aloud. In spite of their reading and writing deficits, reading comprehension was within average levels for the three participants in this study.ConclusionsWe show the importance of assessing reading processes in students with a history of reading and writing problems. Our findings are based on three single case studies and are not generalizable. Our aim is to stimulate questions and research on dyslexia and the particular needs of DLLs.
Search for He I airglow emission from the hot Jupiter τ Boo b
Authors: Zhang Y. , Snellen I. A. G. , Mollière P. , Alonso-Floriano F. J. , Webb R. K. , Brogi M. , Wyttenbach A. 
Published: August 2020

Context. It has been suggested that the helium absorption line at 10 830 Å that originates from the metastable triplet state 23S is an excellent probe for the extended atmospheres of hot Jupiters and their hydrodynamic escape processes. It has recently been detected in the transmission spectra of a handful of planets. The isotropic reemission will lead to helium airglow that may be observable at other orbital phases.
Aims. We investigate the detectability of He I emission at 10 830 Å in the atmospheres of exoplanets using high-resolution spectroscopy. This would provide insights into the properties of the upper atmospheres of close-in gas giants.
Methods. We estimated the expected strength of He I emission in hot Jupiters based on their transmission signal. We searched for the He I 10 830 Å emission feature in τ Boo b in three nights of high-resolution spectra taken by CARMENES at the 3.5m Calar Alto telescope. The spectra from each night were corrected for telluric absorption, sky emission lines, and stellar features, and were shifted to the planetary rest frame to search for the emission.
Results. The He I emission is not detected in τ Boo b at a 5σ contrast limit of 4 × 10−4 for emission line widths of >20 km s−1. This is about a factor 8 above the expected emission level (assuming a typical He I transit absorption of 1% for hot Jupiters). This suggests that targeting the He I emission with well-designed observations using upcoming instruments such as VLT/CRIRES+ and E-ELT/HIRES is possible.
Effectiveness of a modified 6-Fr endoscopic nasobiliary drainage catheter for patients with preoperative perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kawashima Hiroki , Hirooka Yoshiki , Ohno Eizaburo , Ishikawa Takuya , Miyahara Ryoji , Watanabe Osamu , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ishigami Masatoshi , Hashimoto Senju , Ebata Tomoki , Nagino Masato , Goto Hidemi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims To decrease complications associated with preoperative endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients, we developed a modified 6-Fr ENBD catheter with multiple side holes (m-ENBD). The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the m-ENBD catheter with a conventional 7-Fr ENBD catheter (c-ENBD).
Patients and methods This study involved 371 patients with suspected perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent ENBD using a c-ENBD catheter or an m-ENBD catheter. The effectiveness of each catheter and the incidence of complications were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses followed by propensity score matching were performed.
Results In 145 patients with total bilirubin levels ≥ 2.0 mg/dL prior to drainage, these levels decreased to < 2.0 mg/dL after ENBD in 81.1 % of the c-ENBD patients and in 74.0 % of the m-ENBD patients (P = 0.325). Post-ENBD cholangitis occurred in 24.9 % of the c-ENBD patients and in 12.4 % of the m-ENBD patients (P = 0.006). After propensity score matching, the rate of post-ENBD cholangitis (P = 0.007) and the number of patients requiring subsequent or additional drainage (P = 0.030) were significantly lower in the m-ENBD group.
Conclusion The modified 6-Fr ENBD catheter was associated with a lower incidence of post-ENBD cholangitis than the conventional 7-Fr ENBD catheter, and the incidence of subsequent or additional drainage procedures was also decreased.
Efficacy and safety of a new low-volume PEG with citrate and simethicone bowel preparation for colonoscopy (Clensia): a multicenter randomized observer-blind clinical trial vs. a low-volume PEG with ascorbic acid (PEG-ASC)
Authors: Kump Patrizia , Hassan Cesare , Spada Cristiano , Brownstone Eva , Datz Christian , Haefner Michael , Renner Friedrich , Schoefl Rainer , Schreiber Florian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Quality of inspection during colonoscopy is strictly related to the level of cleansing. High-volume (PEG-based) solutions are highly effective and safe, but their high volume affects tolerability and compliance. The aim of this study was to compare a new low-volume PEG with citrate and simethicone solution (PMF 104,Clensia) with a low-volume PEG with ascorbic acid solution (PEG-ASC; Moviprep).
Patients and methods This was a multicenter, randomized, observer-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 clinical trial, where patients were randomized between PMF 104 and PEG-ASC. In both groups, patients were instructed to take a full-dose regimen the evening before if colonoscopy was scheduled before 11 am to 12 pm, or to take a split regimen if colonoscopy was scheduled after 11 am to 12 pm. The primary end-point was an equivalence between PMF104 and PEG-ASC in the rate of adequate level of cleansing (Ottawa scale ≤ 6), with safety, mucosal visibility, tolerability, acceptance and compliance being also assessed.
Results Of the 403 enrolled, 367 patients (Mean age [SD]: 55.6 (14.4) years; male:166 [45.2 %]) were included in the per protocol (PP) analysis: 184 being randomized in the PMF 104 group and 183 in the PEG-ASC group. Successful bowel cleansing was 78.3 % and 74.3 % in PMF104 and in PEG-ASC, respectively (P = 0.37). Both preparations were equally safe (mild adverse events were observed in 9.2 % and 9.3 % of patients in the PMF104 and in the PEG-ASC group, respectively) and acceptable (no or mild distress during the intake in 81.4 % and 80.8 % in the PMF104 in the PEG-ASC, respectively [P = 0.74]).
Conclusion The new low-volume product Clensia is equivalent to the reference low-volume PEG-ASC in terms of bowel cleansing, safety and acceptance.
Revived Attention for Adult Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Mende Klaus Christian , Pantel Tobias Fabian , Flitsch Jörg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCraniopharyngioma as a rare tumor originating from cells of rathke’s
pouch and representing 2–5% of all intracranial tumors is a rare
and generally benign neoplasm of the central nervous system with two incidence
peaks one in childhood and one after 40 years of age. Data on adult patients is
scarce compared to childhood onset tumors, however the burden of disease caused
by the tumors and related treatment options is significant. Clinical symptoms
range from headaches, visual disability, cranial nerve affection or hypothalamic
symptoms (e. g. morbid obesity) to endocrine disorders. Most symptoms
are related to tumor mass effect. The current standard of diagnostics is the
determination of serum hormone levels and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance
imaging often resulting in surgical treatment which holds a key role in all
treatment concepts and should follow a hypothalamus sparing path. Radiation
therapy may prove beneficial as adjuvant therapeutic option or in recurrent
tumor, especially papillary tumors may be targeted using BRAF-600 inhibitors,
targeted therapies for adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma have not yet reached a
stage of clinical testing. Although prognosis regarding overall survival is
favorable, life expectancy may be reduced due to the tumor itself as well as due
to treatment effects. An important aspect especially in the adult population is
the reduction in quality of life which is comparable to primary malignant brain
tumors and metastases, calling for individual patient specific treatment
approaches.
RNA sectors and allosteric function within the ribosome
Authors: Walker Allison S. , Russ William P. , Ranganathan Rama , Schepartz Alanna 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The ribosome is a large, complex, and essential biomolecular machine. Despite its importance in all domains of life, the long-range interactions that regulate ribosome function are poorly understood. Here we report that statistical coupling analysis (SCA), a method previously only applied to proteins, can identify networks of coevolving bases within the 23S rRNA of the large ribosomal subunit. Using a continuous culture assay, we show that 23S rRNA bases predicted to be important network members cause growth defects when mutated. These findings inform our understanding of long-range functional couplings in the ribosome and provide a tool for studying the same types of interactions in other large RNAs.
Global enhancement of cortical excitability following coactivation of large neuronal populations
Authors: Zhang Deng , Yan Xingjian , She Liang , Wen Yunqing , Poo Mu-ming 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Propagating cortical waves that evoke correlated firing of large neuronal populations may cause long-term modification of neural circuits in the brain. Using optogenetic stimulation, we found that repetitive coactivation of large populations of mouse cortical neurons led to enhanced excitability of cortical neurons in both coactivated areas and distant areas that were not coactivated, including those in the contralateral cortices. This global enhancement of neuronal excitability caused by local neuronal stimulation was accompanied by the potentiation of excitatory synaptic transmission, suggesting activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. The corticothalamocortical circuit could contribute to the propagation of this enhancement effect. These results show that the repetitive correlated excitation of large neuronal populations could lead to global enhancement of neuronal excitability.
Changes in life history and population size can explain the relative neutral diversity levels on X and autosomes in extant human populations
Authors: Amster Guy , Murphy David A. , Milligan William R. , Sella Guy 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceAll else being equal, the ratio of diversity levels on X and autosomes at selectively neutral sites should mirror the ratio of their numbers in the population and thus equal 3/4. In reality, the ratios observed across human populations differ markedly from 3/4 and from each other. Because, from a population perspective, autosomes spend an equal number of generations in both sexes, while the X spends twice as many generations in females, these departures from the naïve expectations plausibly reflect differences between male and female life histories and their effects on mutation processes. Indeed, we show that the ratios observed across human populations can be explained by demographic history, assuming realistic sex-specific mutation rates, generation times, and reproductive variances.
A folding reaction at the C-terminal domain drives temperature sensing in TRPM8 channels
Authors: Díaz-Franulic Ignacio , Raddatz Natalia , Castillo Karen , González-Nilo Fernando D. , Latorre Ramon 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Sensory and homeostatic responses in several organisms depend on the exquisite temperature dependence of ion channels of the transient receptor potential family (thermo-TRP). To date, this temperature dependence has been explained either in terms of the existence of a dedicated temperature sensor or by the increase in the molar heat capacity during channel gating. We found that the Carboxy Terminus Domain (CTD) is required for temperature-driven gating of the cold-activated TRPM8 channel and that this domain folds in response to cold. Here we propose that the CTD of the TRPM8 channel is a bona fide temperature sensor that drives channel gating due to an increase in the molar heat capacity during the folded-to-unfolded transition.
Tuning the circadian period of cyanobacteria up to 6.6 days by the single amino acid substitutions in KaiC
Authors: Ito-Miwa Kumiko , Furuike Yoshihiko , Akiyama Shuji , Kondo Takao 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceCircadian clocks, biological oscillators with temperature-compensated periods close to 24 h, enhance fitness in Earth’s daily cycle. Although many circadian period mutants have helped to elucidate the circadian clock mechanism, the tuning mechanism of 24-h period remains unclear. In this study, we found that mutants at position 402 of cyanobacterial clock protein KaiC alter circadian periods dramatically, from 0.6 to 6.6 d. Despite the wide-range tunability, temperature compensation of period was kept nearly intact. As these astounding results can be observed in in vitro system, residue 402 is the important position for tuning mechanism of period. Furthermore, we found that the volume of residue 402 of KaiC is the key factor in determination of the length of circadian period.
Dielectric response with short-ranged electrostatics
Authors: Cox Stephen J. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceMuch of a liquid’s ability to act as a solvent stems from its dielectric properties. The intermolecular forces between polar molecules can act over very long ranges, which complicates both theoretical descriptions and molecular simulations. Here the dielectric properties of a model system with only short-ranged intermolecular interactions are investigated, and this short-ranged model’s behavior is rationalized on a theoretical basis. This work will likely facilitate the development of both efficient short-ranged interaction potentials and our understanding of fluids under confinement.
Surface polarization effects in confined polyelectrolyte solutions
Authors: Bagchi Debarshee , Nguyen Trung Dac , Olvera de la Cruz Monica 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Molecular electrolytes under confinement are crucial materials for energy storage devices and commonly used model systems for understanding biomolecular functions. In particular, understanding the complex interplay of entropy and electrostatic interactions in a polyelectrolyte solution confined inside oppositely charged surfaces gives us important insights into its energy storage and capacitance properties. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we analyze polyelectrolyte solutions confined between two oppositely charged planar surfaces with a much lower dielectric constant. We find that such mismatch of dielectric constants and chain flexibility significantly influence the energy storage capability and capacitance of such a confined system. Dielectric mismatch enhances surface charge amplification in flexible polyelectrolyte solutions, increasing their energy storage capabilities.
Genomic analysis of inherited hearing loss in the Palestinian population
Authors: Abu Rayyan Amal , Kamal Lara , Casadei Silvia , Brownstein Zippora , Zahdeh Fouad , Shahin Hashem , Canavati Christina , Dweik Dima , Jaraysa Tamara , Rabie Grace , Carlson Ryan J. , Gulsuner Suleyman , Lee Ming K. , Avraham Karen B. , Walsh Tom , King Mary-Claire , Kanaan Moien N. 
Published: August 2020

Significance
The genetic characterization of a common phenotype for an entire population reveals both the genetic epidemiology of that phenotype and the power of family-based, population-wide genomic analysis. We characterized the genetics of hearing loss throughout the Palestinian population of the West Bank and Gaza. In families with no prior history of hearing loss, we estimate that 56% of hearing loss is genetic and 44% is not genetic. For most families with inherited hearing loss, causal genes and mutations were identified. Most inherited hearing loss in the population was attributable to consanguinity. Given the ongoing decline in consanguineous marriage, inherited hearing loss will likely be much rarer in the next generation.
Social distancing laws cause only small losses of economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scandinavia
Authors: Sheridan Adam , Andersen Asger Lau , Hansen Emil Toft , Johannesen Niels 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Social distancing laws that restrict the activities of private businesses are often seen as sacrificing the economy to save lives from COVID-19. Indeed, many countries have experienced massive reductions in consumer spending around the time they began to shut down. We show that these restrictions are, in fact, responsible for only a small portion of the drop in consumer spending. This suggests that the virus itself is responsible for the majority of the economic damage. We find that social distancing laws may provide an economic benefit: the laws reduce the economic activity of the low-risk population and can thus protect those with the greatest risk of mortality from also bearing the greatest burden in terms of reduced spending.
Computer-mediated discourse in context
Authors: Fetzer Anita 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the particularisation of the pragmatic
universals of contextualisation, indexicality of communicative action and
implicature in computer-mediated discourse. It adopts a discourse-pragmatic
perspective to account for the interdependencies between the contextual constraints
and requirements of the medium on the one hand, and the multilayeredness and
hypertextuality of computer-mediated discourse on the other. Particular attention is
given to the importation of context and provision of background information, and to
their contribution to the co-construction of discourse common ground. Utilising
data, metadata and metarepresentations from the coverage of a former refugee taking
up a Lord Mayor post, the paper shows how the pragmatic universals undergo
medium-specific particularisation and count as multiply contextual communicative
actions with multilayered production and reception formats.
Speech acts and the dissemination of knowledge in social networks
Authors: Labinaz Paolo , Sbisà Marina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes how social network users engaged in
discussions under a public post contribute to knowledge dissemination through their
verbal behavior in the light of an Austin-based speech-act theoretical framework. We
first argue that such a framework can be applied not only to face-to-face
interaction, but also to internet-mediated communication, since it identifies kinds
of illocutionary acts on the basis of recognizable procedure patterns which can be
made manifest through different communication channels. We then examine to what
extent the performance of different kinds of illocutionary acts contributes to
knowledge dissemination through the achievement of their characteristic effects or
other aspects of their procedure patterns. For each of four main classes of
illocutionary acts, we discuss examples from comments on Facebook posts concerning
health- and politics-related issues.