bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of small-sided recreational team handball training on mechanical muscle function, body composition and bone mineralization in untrained young adults—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fristrup Bjørn , Krustrup Peter , Andersen Jesper L. , Hornstrup Therese , Løwenstein Frederik T. , Larsen Mikkel A. , Helge Jørn W. , Póvoas Susana C. A. , Aagaard Per 
Published: November 2020

Prolonged physical inactivity in young adults may lead to deficiencies in musculoskeletal fitness, and thus a need exists to develop physical activity and exercise programmes that are effective of increasing musculoskeletal fitness. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effects of small-sided team handball training on lower limb muscle strength, postural balance and body composition in young adults. Twenty-six men and twenty-eight women were stratified for peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and body fat percentage and randomly allocated to either 12 wks of small-sided recreational team handball training (THG: 14 men and 14 women, age 24.1±2.6 yrs (mean±SD), VO2peak 39.8±5.9 ml/kg/min and body fat percentage 32.7±8.7%) or serving as non-exercising controls (CON: 12 men and 14 women, age 24.8±3.1 yrs, VO2peak 39.7±5.0 ml/kg/min, body fat percentage 31.7±9.7%). THG trained on average 1.8 times/week for 12 wks. At 0 and 12 wks, lower limb muscle strength, rate of force development (RFD), vertical jump height and power, postural balance, body composition and muscle biopsies were assessed. No training effects were observed for maximal isokinetic or isometric knee extensor strength, maximal vertical jump height or take-off power, fibre type distribution or capillarization. Late phase (RFD) increased (+7.4%, p<0.05) and postural sway excursion length was improved after training (-9%, p<0.05) in THG with no difference from CON (p>0.05). Further, THG demonstrated a decrease in body fat percentage (-3.7%) accompanied by increases in whole-body fat free mass (FFM) (+2.2%), leg FFM (+2.5%), total bone mineral content (BMC) (+1.1%), leg BMC (+1.2%), total hip bone mineral density (+1.6%) and hip T-score (+50%) which differed from CON (all p<0.05). In conclusion, recreational small-sided team handball training appears to effectively improve rapid force capacity, postural balance, lean and fat body mass and bone health in previously untrained young adults. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04247724).
ClinicalTrials.gov ID number: NCT04247724
The promise of an intersectoral network in enhancing the response to transgender survivors of sexual assault
Authors: Du Mont Janice , Hemalal Shilini , Kosa Sarah Daisy , Cameron Lee , Macdonald Sheila 
Published: November 2020

Objectives
This study explores the promise of an intersectoral network in enhancing the response to transgender (trans) survivors of sexual assault.

Methods
One hundred and three representatives of healthcare and community organizations across Ontario, Canada were invited to participate in a survey. Respondents were asked to: 1) identify systemic challenges to supporting trans survivors, 2) determine barriers to collaborating across sectors, and 3) indicate how an intersectoral network might address these challenges and barriers. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize quantitative data and qualitative data were collated thematically.

Results
Sixty-seven representatives responded to the survey, for a response rate of 65%. Several themes capturing the challenges organizations face in supporting trans survivors were identified: Lack of knowledge and training among providers, Inadequate resources across organizations and institutions, and Limited access to and availability of appropriate services. Barriers to collaborating across sectors considered important by the overwhelming majority of respondents were: Lack of trans-positive service professionals (e.g., a paucity of sensitivity training), lack of resources (e.g., staff, staff time and workload, spaces to meet), and Institutional structures (e.g., oppressive policies, funding mandates). Four ways in which a network could address these challenges and barriers emerged from the data: Center the voices of trans communities in advocacy; Support competence of professionals to provide trans-affirming care; Provide the platform, strategies, and tools to aid in organizational change; and Create space for organizations to share ideas, goals, and resources.

Conclusion
Our findings deepen our understanding of important impediments to enhancing the response to trans survivors of sexual assault and the role networks of healthcare and community organizations can play in comprehensively responding to complex health and social problems.
Medical education in times of COVID-19: German students’ expectations – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Loda Teresa , Löffler Tobias , Erschens Rebecca , Zipfel Stephan , Herrmann-Werner Anne 
Published: November 2020

Background
Since the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the education of medical students, medical faculties have faced the challenge of adapting instruction to digital platforms. Although medical students are willing to support pandemic response efforts, how the crisis will affect their medical training remains uncertain. Thus, in this study, we investigated the teaching- and learning-related stressors and expectations of medical students in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was distributed online to undergraduate medical students at medical faculties in Germany. Students answered questions about COVID-19 and teaching (on a 7-point Likert scale from 0 (“not at all”) to 6 (“completely”)) and completed mental well-being measurements, including the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Perceived Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Descriptive data analysis, a t-test and Pearson correlations were performed to process the data.

Results
Medical students felt well-informed about COVID-19 in general (M = 5.64, SD = 1.28) and in the medical context (M = 5.14, SD = 1.34) but significantly less informed about the pandemic in the academic context, M = 2.47, SD = 1.49, t(371) = 31.98, p < .001. Their distress levels were high (STAI: M = 45.12, SD = 4.73) and significantly correlated with the academic context (rp = .164, p < .01) but not their private lives. Concerning how they were taught, they most often expected online lectures (91.7%) and live broadcasts (67.2%) and less often expected innovative digital teaching strategies, including serious games (17.3%) and virtual-reality exercises (16.7%).

Discussion
Medical students seem to be aware of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences for academic and healthcare contexts. They also seem to think that their teachers will enhance their digital competencies during the pandemic. Therefore, faculties of medicine need to rapidly and adequately digitalise their approaches to teaching.
The incidence of sore throat and group A streptococcal pharyngitis in children at high risk of developing acute rheumatic fever: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pearce Sarah , Bowen Asha C. , Engel Mark E. , de la Lande Maya , Barth Dylan D. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis has traditionally been considered the sole precursor of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Evidence from Australia, however, suggests that GAS skin infections may contribute to the pathogenesis of ARF. A missing piece of evidence is the incidence of sore throat and GAS pharyngitis in this setting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence of sore throat and GAS pharyngitis in all children at risk of developing ARF.

Methods
Databases were systematically searched for studies reporting on the incidence of pharyngitis among children from low to upper-middle income countries, and Indigenous children living in high-income countries. Studies were subjected to data extraction by two independent reviewers. Following an assessment of the methodological quality of the studies, we extracted incidence rates (IRs) and conducted a meta-analysis. This systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019113019).

Results
From 607 titles identified by the search, 11 articles met the predetermined inclusion criteria; ten studies reported IRs while for the remaining study, the incidence was calculated. The pooled incidence estimated for sore throat was 82.5 per 100 child-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.5 to 1044.4 per 100 child-years, I2 = 100%) and GAS pharyngitis was 10.8 per 100 child-years (95% CI, 2.3 to 50.0 per 100 child-years, I2 = 99.9%).

Conclusions
The pooled IRs for sore throat in children at risk of developing ARF were higher than rates reported in developed nations (32.70–40 per 100 child-years) and similar for GAS pharyngitis (12.8–14 per 100 years). The limited Australian data lend support to the need for further studies to inform the role of GAS pharyngitis in the development of ARF in Australian Indigenous children, so as to inform local primary prevention strategies for ARF and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD).
New proposed cut-off of waist circumference for central obesity as risk factor for diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the Indonesian Basic National Health Survey
Authors: Harbuwono Dante Saksono , Tahapary Dicky Levenus , Tarigan Tri Juli Edi , Yunir Em 
Published: November 2020

Background
Waist circumference (WC) measurement is practical to define central obesity. However, WC cut-off point might be differ based on different race or ethnicity. This study aims to analyze the optimal WC cut-off point to identify T2DM risk among Indonesian population.

Method
We analyzed the secondary data of national based cross-sectional study of the Indonesian Basic National Health Research 2013, comprising 24,660 adults aged ≥ 18 years who were assessed for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The new proposed cut-off point for WC was calculated using ROC curve analysis and Youden index. The odds ratio of having T2DM was calculated using logistic regression analysis.

Results
Increased WC was associated with worsening dysglycemia status among men and women (p<0.001). The optimal cut-off point of WC for detecting T2DM from ROC analysis was 76 for men and 80 for women. Based on this WC cut-off point, the odds ratio for having T2DM was 1.64 [95% CI 1.45–1.86, p<0.01] for men and 1.90 [95% CI 1.71–2.11 p<0.01] for women.

Conclusion
The newly proposed WC cut-off point of 76 for men and 80 women can be used to screen the risk of T2DM among Indonesian population.
“[It] is now my responsibility to fulfill that wish:” Clinical and rapid autopsy staff members’ experiences and perceptions of HIV reservoir research at the end of life
Authors: Perry Kelly E. , Taylor Jeff , Patel Hursch , Javadi Sogol Stephanie , Mathur Kushagra , Kaytes Andy , Concha-Garcia Susanna , Little Susan , Smith Davey , Gianella Sara , Dubé Karine 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Little is known about the effects of HIV reservoir research at the end of life on staff members involved. Staff members’ perceptions and experiences were assessed related to their involvement in the Last Gift, a rapid autopsy study at the University of California San Diego enrolling people living with HIV who are terminally ill and have a desire to contribute to HIV cure-related research.

Methods
Two focus group discussions consisting of clinical (n = 7) and rapid research autopsy (n = 8) staff members were conducted to understand the perspectives of staff members and the impact the Last Gift rapid autopsy study had on them. The total sample consisted of 66.7% females and 33.3% males and was ethnically diverse (66.7% Caucasian, 6.7% African American, 20.0% Asian descent, 6.7% Hispanic descent and American Indian) with a range of experience in the HIV field from 1 year to 30 years.

Results
Qualitative focus group data revealed five major themes underlying study staff members’ multilayered mental and practical involvement: 1) positive perceptions of the Last Gift study, with sub-themes including Last Gift study participants’ altruism, fulfillment, and control at the end of life, 2) perceptions of staff members’ close involvement in the Last Gift study, with sub-themes related to staff members’ cognitive processing, self-actualization and fulfillment, stress management and resilience, coping mechanisms, and gratitude toward Last Gift participants and toward the study itself, 3) considerations for successful and sustainable study implementation, such as ethical awareness and sustained community and patient engagement, 4) collaborative learning and organizational processes and the value of interdependence between staff members, and 5) considerations for potential study scale-up at other clinical research sites.

Discussion
Understanding staff members’ nuanced emotional and procedural experiences is crucial to the Last Gift study’s sustainability and will inform similar cure research studies conducted with people living with HIV at the end of life. The study’s potential reproducibility depends on a robust research infrastructure with established, interdependent clinical and rapid autopsy teams, continuous community engagement, and an ethical and well-informed engagement process with people living with HIV.
Field Tests and Three-Dimensional Semi-Analytical Boundary Element Method Analysis of a Row of Holes as Active Barrier in Saturated Soil
Authors: Sun Lianyong , Shi Gang , Li Mingyu , Jin Junwei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The adverse effects of ground vibrations can be eliminated or prevented by installation of various types of wave barriers, such as a row of holes. The analysis is accomplished with the aid of a series of field experiments and numerical simulation. Three-dimensional semi-analytical boundary element models are established to use a row of holes as active wave barrier to isolate the ground vibrations generated by the machine foundation laid on the surface of saturated soil foundation, and the effects of the model parameters on isolation effectiveness are investigated and discussed in detail. A simple single program multiple data parallel algorithm is developed with the aid of Matlab software to increase calculating efficiency. The results show that a row of holes can isolate the ground vibrations successfully. Increasing the radius and the depth and decreasing the net spacing between two successive holes can all result in an increase in the screening effectiveness. According to the results, it is suggested in the design that the hole radius should take the value of 0.1∼0.15λR (λR is the Rayleigh wave length), and the hole depth and the net spacing should take the value no more than 1.0λR and 0.1λR, respectively. Moreover, the distance between the machine foundation and barrier can affect the screening effectiveness, and the larger the distance is, the poorer the screening effectiveness is. The number of holes in a row has less effect on the screening effectiveness. However, the bigger the number of holes in a row is, the larger the screening zone behind the barriers is.
Effect of Stretching on the Air Permeability of Recycled Polyester/Virgin Cotton and Its Blended Socks
Authors: Vasanth Kumar D. , Raja D. , Kumar K. V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Socks are considered to be one of the important accessories for humans in everyday life. Socks undergo irregular stretching in multiple directions during usage. The amount of stretching that occurs in socks is proportionate to the level of foot movement and the foot shape. The comfortability of socks lagely depends on the air permeability and thermal comfort properties. In general, the air permeability of the socks was measured in unstretched conditions. However, in real-time situations, the socks get stretched in multiple directions while being used. Stretch is one of the key factors that largely influences the air permeability of the socks. Few researchers have addressed this area; hence, the air permeability of the socks under various percentages of stretch is primarily focused on in this study. A novel automated fabric stretching attachment device was used to study the effect of stretching on the air permeability of recycled polyester/virgin cotton and its blended socks. The results were statistically investigated by two-way analysis of variance by using SAS 8.0. A statistical analysis proved that the effect of the stretching and blend ratio was statistically significant on the air permeability properties of socks.
HIFα Regulates Developmental Myelination Independent of Autocrine Wnt Signaling
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Wang Yan , Xu Jie , Kim Bokyung , Deng Wenbin , Guo Fuzheng 
Published: November 2020

The developing CNS is exposed to physiological hypoxia, under which hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) is stabilized and plays a crucial role in regulating neural development. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of HIFα in developmental myelination remain incompletely understood. A previous concept proposes that HIFα regulates CNS developmental myelination by activating the autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here, by analyzing a battery of genetic mice of both sexes, we presentedin vivoevidence supporting an alternative understanding of oligodendroglial HIFα-regulated developmental myelination. At the cellular level, we found that HIFα was required for developmental myelination by transiently controlling upstream OPC differentiation but not downstream oligodendrocyte maturation and that HIFα dysregulation in OPCs but not oligodendrocytes disturbed normal developmental myelination. We demonstrated that HIFα played a minor, if any, role in regulating canonical Wnt signaling in the oligodendroglial lineage or in the CNS. At the molecular level, blocking autocrine Wnt signaling did not affect HIFα-regulated OPC differentiation and myelination. We further identified HIFα–Sox9 regulatory axis as an underlying molecular mechanism in HIFα-regulated OPC differentiation. Our findings support a concept shift in our mechanistic understanding of HIFα-regulated CNS myelination from the previous Wnt-dependent view to a Wnt-independent one and unveil a previously unappreciated HIFα–Sox9 pathway in regulating OPC differentiation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPromoting disturbed developmental myelination is a promising option in treating diffuse white matter injury, previously called periventricular leukomalacia, a major form of brain injury affecting premature infants. In the developing CNS, hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) is a key regulator that adapts neural cells to physiological and pathologic hypoxic cues. The role and mechanism of HIFα in oligodendroglial myelination, which is severely disturbed in preterm infants affected with diffuse white matter injury, is incompletely understood. Our findings presented here represent a concept shift in our mechanistic understanding of HIFα-regulated developmental myelination and suggest the potential of intervening with an oligodendroglial HIFα-mediated signaling pathway to mitigate disturbed myelination in premature white matter injury.
Task Engagement Improves Neural Discriminability in the Auditory Midbrain of the Marmoset Monkey
Authors: Shaheen Luke A. , Slee Sean J. , David Stephen V. 
Published: November 2020

While task-dependent changes have been demonstrated in auditory cortex for a number of behavioral paradigms and mammalian species, less is known about how behavioral state can influence neural coding in the midbrain areas that provide auditory information to cortex. We measured single-unit activity in the inferior colliculus (IC) of common marmosets of both sexes while they performed a tone-in-noise detection task and during passive presentation of identical task stimuli. In contrast to our previous study in the ferret IC, task engagement had little effect on sound-evoked activity in central (lemniscal) IC of the marmoset. However, activity was significantly modulated in noncentral fields, where responses were selectively enhanced for the target tone relative to the distractor noise. This led to an increase in neural discriminability between target and distractors. The results confirm that task engagement can modulate sound coding in the auditory midbrain, and support a hypothesis that subcortical pathways can mediate highly trained auditory behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhile the cerebral cortex is widely viewed as playing an essential role in the learning and performance of complex auditory behaviors, relatively little attention has been paid to the role of brainstem and midbrain areas that process sound information before it reaches cortex. This study demonstrates that the auditory midbrain is also modulated during behavior. These modulations amplify task-relevant sensory information, a process that is traditionally attributed to cortex.
Motor Impairment in Children With Congenital Heart Defects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bolduc Marie-Eve , Dionne Eliane , Gagnon Isabelle , Rennick Janet E. , Majnemer Annette , Brossard-Racine Marie 
Published: November 2020

CONTEXT:
With improvements in survival rates in newborns with congenital heart defects (CHDs), focus has now shifted toward enhancing neurodevelopmental outcomes across their life span.

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review the prevalence and extent of motor difficulties in infants, children, and adolescents with CHD requiring open-heart surgery.

DATA SOURCES:
Data sources included Embase, Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature.

STUDY SELECTION:
Original studies published between 1997 and 2019 examining gross and/or fine motor skills in children born with a CHD requiring open-heart surgery were selected.

DATA EXTRACTION:
The prevalence of motor impairments and mean scores on standardized motor assessments were extracted. Findings were grouped in 5 categories on the basis of the age of the children.

RESULTS:
Forty-six original studies were included in this systematic review. The prevalence of mild to severe motor impairments (scores &lt;−1 SD below normative data or controls) across childhood ranged from 12.3% to 68.6%, and prevalence ranged from 0% to 60.0% for severe motor impairments (&lt;−2 SDs). Although our results suggest that the overall prevalence of motor impairments &lt;−1 SD remains rather constant across childhood and adolescence, severe motor impairments (&lt;−2 SDs) appear to be more prevalent in younger children.

LIMITATIONS:
Variability in sampling and methodology between the reviewed studies is the most important limitation of this review.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this review highlight that infants with CHD have an increased risk of motor impairments across infancy, childhood, and adolescence. These findings stress the importance of systematic screening or evaluation of motor skills across childhood and adolescence in children with CHD.