bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐based CBCT scatter correction with dual‐layer flat‐panel detector
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xie Jixiong , Tan Yuhang , Su Ting , Zhu Jiongtao , Cui Han , Xia Dongmei , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Ge Yongshuai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecently, the popularity of dual‐layer flat‐panel detector (DL‐FPD) based dual‐energy cone‐beam CT (CBCT) imaging has been increasing. However, the image quality of dual‐energy CBCT remains constrained by the Compton scattered x‐ray photons.PurposeThe objective of this study is to develop a novel scatter correction method, named e‐Grid, for DL‐FPD based CBCT imaging.MethodsIn DL‐FPD, a certain portion of the x‐ray photons (mainly low‐energy [LE] primary and scattered photons) passing through the object are captured by the top detector layer, while the remaining x‐ray photons (mainly high‐energy [HE] primary and scattered photons) are collected by the bottom detector layer. A linear signal model was approximated between the HE primary and scatter signals and the LE primary and scatter signals. Physical calibration experiments were performed on cone beam and fan beam to validate the aforementioned signal model via linear fittings. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of a 10 cm diameter water phantom were conducted on GATE at first to verify this newly developed scatter estimation method. In addition, physical validation experiments of water phantom, head phantom, and abdominal phantom were carried out on a DL‐FPD based benchtop CBCT imaging system. The image non‐uniformity (NU), which represents the relative difference between the center and the edges of CT images, was measured to quantify the reduction of image shading artifacts. Finally, multi‐material decomposition was conducted.ResultsThe MC results, CBCT images and line profiles, showed that the newly proposed e‐Grid approach was able to accurately predict the scatter distributions in both shape and intensity. As a result, uniform CBCT images that are close to the scatter artifact‐free reference images can be obtained. Moreover, the physical experiments demonstrated that the e‐Grid method can greatly reduce the shading artifacts in both LE and HE CBCT images acquired from DL‐FPD. Results also demonstrated that the e‐Grid method is effective for varied objects that having different diameters (from 10 to 28 cm). Quantitatively, the NU value was reduced by over 77% in the LE CBCT image and by over 66% in the HE CBCT image on average. As a consequence, the accuracy of the decomposed multi‐material bases, iodine and gadolinium, was substantially improved.ConclusionsThe Compton scattered x‐ray signals could be significantly reduced using the proposed e‐Grid method for DL‐FPD based dual‐energy CBCT imaging systems.
Isotropic sampling of tensor‐encoded diffusion MRI
Authors: Jespersen Sune Nørhøj 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a method for selecting uniform wave vectors for double diffusion encoding (DDE) to improve the accuracy and reliability of diffusion measurements.MethodsThe method relies on identifying orthogonal wave vectors with rotations, and representing these rotations as points on a three‐dimensional sphere in four dimensions using quaternions. This enables an electrostatic repulsion algorithm to achieve a uniform distribution of these points. The optimal points are then converted back into orthogonal wave vectors (or rotations).ResultsThe method was validated by comparing the distribution of directions to those generated by uniform sampling and by evaluating the error in the powder‐averaged signal for various models. Our results demonstrate that the electrostatic repulsion approach effectively achieves a uniform distribution of wave vectors.ConclusionThe proposed method provides a systematic way to generate uniform diffusion directions suitable, for example, for DDE, enhancing the precision of diffusion measurements and reducing potential bias in experimental results. The method is also capable of generating uniform sets of B‐tensors, and is thus applicable for general free waveform encoding.
Rotomolded polypropylene‐ignimbrite composites: Giving a second life to mineral dust wastes
Authors: Romero Francisco , Suárez Luis , Díaz Sara , Ortega Zaida 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe possibility of rotomolding polypropylene (PP) composites with high loadings of a silica‐based dust of ignimbrite, a byproduct of volcanic stone extraction is demonstrated. This study aims to establish the properties of composites with various ratios of mineral dust as a filler in PP matrices at loadings from 5 to 30 wt%, ultimately transforming mining residues into a valuable resource for composite production and creating a value chain around the traditional mining industry. Once the composites were obtained, they were subjected to several characterization techniques to comprehensively assess their mechanical and thermal properties. In general, a high percentage of ignimbrite powder has resulted in a reduction in the mechanical properties of neat PP, although no significant changes were observed for composites at lower loadings. Furthermore, the incorporation of this mineral material modified the thermal properties of the PP, enhancing its thermal stability. The blending of the matrix and filler resulted in a reduction in both the melting crystallization temperatures for highly‐filled composites. Rotomolded items with good aesthetics, with stone‐like appearance, were obtained without any modification on the mineral dust or even without any melt compounding, therefore not increasing the energy consumption during the composites production.Highlights
Composites production is a suitable strategy for valorization of mineral residues.
Welded ignimbrite residual dust has been used for the first time in composites.
Mineral dust has been successfully used in composites obtained by rotomolding.
Polypropylene with up to 30% of the stone dust can be processed.
Good aesthetics and mechanical features can be obtained with mineral wastes.
Optical and Electrochemical Analysis of Surface‐Enhanced ZnZrO3:Eu3+ Nanostructures for Forensic Applications
Authors: Anitha Albert , Ponnusamy Velladurai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe surface‐enhanced local crystal structure of a series of ZnZrO3:Eu3+(1 to 5 mol.%) (ZZE) orange–red nanophosphors synthesized using a sol‐gel combustion process is investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) with the Rietveld refinement analysis reveals a monoclinic ZnZrO3:Eu3+ structure with a space group 14. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses reveal the honeycomb alignment of nanoparticles in structure formation. The UV–vis‐diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis‐DRS) analysis reveals strong absorption in the UV region, with an increase in the energy bandgap upon the addition of Eu3+ ions (1 to 5 mol.%). The optimized ZnZrO3:Eu3+(2 mol.%) nanophosphor exhibits high‐intensity orange‐red emission at 615 nm, as revealed by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis confirms the surface‐modified ZnZrO3:Eu3+ (2 mol.%) nanophosphor and hence reveals its electrochemical stability and selectivity to form stable suspensions with liquids or solids. ZnZrO3:Eu3+ (1 to 5 mol.%) exhibits fluorophore (Eu3+) embedded, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, which opens new bioimaging applications. Further, the optimized ZnZrO3:Eu3+ (2 mol.%) nanophosphor investigated for the identification of latent fingerprint patterns (LFP) under visible light indicates its potential as a strong LFP‐revealing material in forensics without alternate light sources or chemical reagents.
Distinguishing north and south African Easterly Waves with a spectral method: Implication for tropical cyclogenesis from mergers in the North Atlantic
Authors: Jonville Tanguy , Cornillault Erwan , Lavaysse Christophe , Peyrillé Philippe , Flamant Cyrille 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfrican Easterly Waves (AEWs) are mixed barotropic–baroclinic instabilities, propagating both north (AEW‐N) and south (AEW‐S) of the African Easterly Jet. They are an important component of the North Atlantic region meteorology, influencing precipitation and convection, and are primary seeds for tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Atlantic. In this study, a novel tracking protocol is introduced based on filtering of the 700‐hPa vorticity over two frequency ranges, suited for each wave track: 2.95–4.55 days (quicker propagating mode) and 4.55–6.35 days (slower propagating mode). It is applied to a 31‐year reanalysis dataset, the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Fifth Reanalysis. This method effectively isolates north‐track activity even amidst dominant south‐track signals, enabling better identification and tracking of northward vortices. An analysis of the climatological structure of the two modes is conducted. The slower mode propagates around and transitions from 850 hPa above the continent to 700 hPa above the ocean, consistently with AEW‐N characteristics. The quicker mode propagates around and is located at the African Easterly Jet level, between 700 and 600 hPa above the continent and the ocean, consistently with AEW‐S characteristics. The new method allows the detection of AEW‐N even when AEW‐S activity dominates the 2–10 day signal, thereby enabling the detection of more AEW‐S/AEW‐N mergers than in previous studies. When comparing the usual 2–10 day filtering with this new method, the proportion of TCs related to AEW mergers rises from 11% to 25%. 23.4% of mergers are found to be related to TC genesis, making mergers the most efficient precursors for TC genesis in the Atlantic. TC genesis from mergers occurs more frequently on the eastern side of the basin than TC genesis from other precursors.
Dual‐Doping Strategy for Lowering the Thermal Expansion Coefficient and Promoting the Catalytic Activity in Perovskite Cobaltate Air Electrodes for Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Wang Shuxiong , Zhang Xiaoxin , Chen Yu , Fan Fan , Jiang Chang , Xiang Yongkang , Xiao Xiao , Fang Yuan , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Li Jianhui , Huang Jijie , Sun Yifei , Chen Zhou 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLowering the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and promoting the catalytic activity of cobalt‐based perovskite air electrodes is crucial for efficient solid oxide cells (SOCs) devices. However, the co‐achievement of both merits has usually been largely compromised in most scenarios. Herein, a dual‐doping strategy to manipulate the properties of perovskite cobaltate electrocatalyst is reported in which a high valence element of Ta5+ is incorporated into B‐site to significantly suppress the dynamic reduction of Co4+ species and reduces the TEC value from PrBaCo2O5+δ (PBC, 17.8 × 10⁻6 K−1) to PrBaCo1.96Ta0.04O5+δ (PBCT, 12.5 × 10⁻6 K−1) and suppresses the oxygen loss in SOCs operation condition, revealing the improved structural stability. Meanwhile, the Ca2+ is doped into A‐site of Ta‐incorporated candidate, further decreasing the covalency of Co─O bonds and facilitating the formation of oxygen vacancies, benefiting the oxygen exchange kinetics and leading to a low polarization resistance of 0.026 Ω cm2 (800 °C) in as‐prepared PrBa0.8Ca0.2Co1.96Ta0.04O5+δ (PBCCT) electrode. The cell with PBCTT demonstrates remarkable robustness during a 50 h thermal cycling test (25 cycles). Moreover, it delivers a high current density of 1.44 A cm⁻2 (1.6 V, 800 °C), as well as attractive durability over 100 h for pure CO2 electrolysis.
Introduction
Authors: Radovich Violeta S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe book analyzes the environmental regulationof upstreammarineexplorationand exploitationof hydrocarbons, at the international, regional MERCOSUR and Argentine national level. It uses the concept of normative integration as a methodological approach, critically assessing the interaction between the law of the sea, maritime law, environmental lawand human rights law in the field of study.
Accidents of Marine Platforms
Authors: Radovich Violeta S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the reports from two marine pollution events (Deepwater Horizon and Montara oil spills) to analyse the lessons learnt and the normative and institutional framework needed to ensure environmental safety in the marine exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons. This chapter critically analyses marine platform accidents’ official reports comprehensively in order to assess existing normative and institutional frameworks and to give a way forward regarding policies. In that context, it refers to the normative effectiveness concept.
Hydrocarbons in Argentine Republic
Authors: Radovich Violeta S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractArgentine history regarding hydrocarbons exploration and exploitation is studied. The first well in the Argentine sea was drilled in 1969. The current number of marine platforms in the Argentine sea are identified and regulation of the topic in the country is studied. The necessity of enacting a federal basic environmental law on hydrocarbons on land, shale at in the sea is explained. As well as the necessity to enact a federal basic environmental requirement law on integrated sea management.
Planungsprozesse von Klinikinfrastrukturen
Authors: Schmid Ludwig , Tokarski Kim Oliver 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende essential soll den Verantwortlichen in Kliniken als Handlungsempfehlung für einen effizienten und zielgerichteten Raumplanungsprozess dienen. Hierbei wird angestrebt, dass es ortsunabhängig und länderübergreifend übertragbar ist sowie im Konstrukt auf bestehenden Theorien aufbaut. Das Ergebnis soll dabei Krankenhäusern als Bauherren helfen, zur richtigen Zeit am richtigen Ort die richtigen Ressourcen für eine effiziente Raumplanung einzusetzen, um einen nachhaltigen Erfolg aus einem Klinikneubau oder Klinikumbau ableiten zu können.
Towards Formalising AI Readiness of Standards
Authors: Schmitz Anna , Görge Rebekka , Haedecke Elena , Borowski Marion , Seeliger Adrian , Poretschkin Maximilian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStandards and specifications (henceforth standards) greatly simplify our everyday lives and the economy in many areas. By establishing quality benchmarks and promoting interoperability, they form a key pillar for international trade and competition. As artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as one of the key technologies of the future, two fundamental questions arise regarding standards: (i) What new standards must be developed specifically for AI? (ii) What modifications to existing standards are necessary to fully leverage the potential of AI? The first question is being addressed actively through a variety of standardisation activities and analyses of the status quo. However, much of the second question remains unanswered. Although the problem is discussed in the literature, there is a lack of both a definition of AI readiness and a systematic analysis of the existing body of standards. This chapter, which originates in the project ‘AI Readiness of Standards’, aims to close this gap. Due to the complexity of the topic, we shall start by focusing on the German body of standards. Nonetheless, we believe our findings and proposals are extrapolatable to other, related contexts. This chapter represents the findings of the abovementioned project: presenting a conceptual definition of AI readiness and, a validated systematic approach for classifying whether an existing standard is AI ready. The procedure outlined here also serves as the foundation for an automated Natural Language Processing (NLP) analysis of the entire German body of standards regarding AI readiness.
PDA Stenting for Ductal-Dependent Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: History and View from 10,000 Feet
Authors: Moore John W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article provides a historical review and a current perspective on the procedures used to palliate cyanosis in ductal-dependent infants. Eighty years ago, Helen Taussig, Alfred Blalock, and Vivien Thomas developed the first effective treatment. The Blalock–Taussig–Thomas (BTT) shunt is the historical predecessor of both the contemporary-modified BTT shunt and interventional stenting of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA). The surgical shunt was firmly established therapy before catheterization was born, and PDA stenting was not possible until the technologies designed to address coronary heart disease were developed. Coronary stents and guidewires are currently used in all cases of PDA stenting. The momentum of long-established therapy and the lack of a purpose-built technology have inhibited clinical adoption of PDA stenting. Nevertheless, available clinical outcomes, though limited, appear to favor PDA stenting, and current first-line therapy may be shifting from the modified BTT shunt to PDA stenting. More definitive data should arise from a randomized controlled trial.
Intrathecal pemetrexed for leptomeningeal metastases in a patient with ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Gezelius Emelie , Planck Maria , Hazem Bassam , Nagpal Seema , Wakelee Heather 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProgressive leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are associated with intractable neurological symptoms and a poor prognosis, and effective treatment options are limited. Intrathecal (IT) pemetrexed has been shown to confer clinical benefit in lung adenocarcinoma, yet our understanding of the efficacy and safety of the treatment is limited. We report a patient with a long-standing history of leptomeningeal disease due to ALK-positive adenocarcinoma of the lung, previously controlled by increased doses of lorlatinib (125 mg/day). Rapid LM progression prompted the start of IT pemetrexed, after which the patient experienced immediate clinical improvement. The case provides additional support that IT pemetrexed can offer symptomatic relief and may be considered as a treatment option in advanced LM. Furthermore, the case illustrates that an increased dose of lorlatinib may efficiently control LM in patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC, following progression on standard lorlatinib dosage.
Validating rasterstereography to evaluate thoracic kyphosis in patients with Scheuermann’s disease
Authors: Coneys Ulysse , Tabard-Fougère Anne , Gavira Nathaly , Dayer Romain 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluate the validity of rasterstereography compared to low-dose, biplanar spine radiography for assessing thoracic kyphosis (TK) angles in Scheuermann’s disease patients.

Methods
This prospective study included all the Scheuermann’s disease patients consulting our clinic from 2016 to 2018. Recruited patients underwent two-dimensional low-dose biplanar anteroposterior full-length spine radiography and rasterstereography on the same day. Relationships between the TK angles measured were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Agreement between radiographic and rasterstereographic TK angles was evaluated using two-way intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman plots. Proportional biases were assessed using the slope regression lines fitted to Bland–Altman plots.

Results
The mean demographic and radiological characteristics of the 52 patients (20 girls; 39%) included were: age 13.1 ± 2 years; BMI 17.3 ± 2.8; and TK max. 50.4° ± 10°. Rasterstereographic TK angles were strongly correlated with radiographic TK angles evaluated from T2–T12 (r = 0.677) and from C7–Max (r = 0.704), with ‘good’ agreement (ICC > 0.75). A proportional bias was revealed in the slope regression line fitted to the Bland–Altman plot from the C7–Max radiography and the rasterstereography measurements (p = 0.034) but not from the T2–T12 and rasterstereographic TK angles (p = 0.997).

Conclusion
Rasterstereography is a reliable means of quantifying TK angles in Scheuermann’s disease patients. It could directly reduce the number of radiographic scans patients need over time, minimising their radiation exposure.
Mental Health Care Disparities Among US Pregnant Individuals in 2020–2021: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tindall Julisa , Brown Monique J. , Hung Peiyin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To examine maternal characteristics associated with perceived unmet mental health needs and mental health care settings, focusing on residential rurality and race/ethnicity.

Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed self-reported unmet mental health needs and mental health care settings among 1097 pregnant respondents in the 2020–2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, incorporating the complex sampling weights for national representativeness.

Findings
Non-Hispanic Black pregnant individuals and those living in nonmetro rural areas reported lower odds of unmet mental health needs compared to those in large metro areas and non-Hispanic White individuals. Pregnant individuals in nonmetro rural areas and non-Hispanic other pregnant individuals also reported lower odds of utilizing virtual mental care services, while non-Hispanic other pregnant individuals were less likely to receive prescription medication than their non-Hispanic White counterparts.

Conclusions
Disparities in mental health care access by rurality and race/ethnicity reveal increased barriers for nonmetro rural and minority pregnant populations, particularly regarding virtual and prescription-based care. The lower unmet health needs among Black pregnant individuals and those living in nonmetro rural areas may reflect adjusted expectations or reliance on informal support systems, emphasizing the need to understand these perceptions. COVID-19’s impact on access patterns further highlights the need for more research on barriers to maternal mental health treatment. Tailored mental health interventions and policy reforms are needed to enhance accessible, culturally sensitive maternal mental health services across diverse communities.
Optimization of selective powder deposition for multi-material powder bed fusion: process innovations and applications
Authors: Girnth Simon , Wacker Christian , Waldt Nils , Klawitter Günter , Dröder Klaus 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing processes based on powder bed fusion offer a high degree of design flexibility and enable the processing of a wide range of materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers, while maintaining minimal porosity. However, production of multi-material components with locally tailored properties to meet specific requirements by incorporating different materials with a high degree of spatial selectivity remains an elusive challenge. Essential prerequisites for achieving this selectivity are specialized selective powder deposition techniques, their development, characterization, and subsequent implementation. In order to investigate optimization potentials and to identify research gaps in the field of selective powder deposition techniques, an evaluation of the current literature is performed in this study, ultimately highlighting promising potentials for vibration-assisted approaches. Key considerations include the reduction of implementation complexity and the downscaling of associated devices to increase their applicability. To achieve implementation simplification, this study derives dimensionless quantities that facilitate a targeted calculation of control parameters by associating powder layer quality metrics with relevant input quantities. The validity of the derived dimensionless quantities is verified by discrete-element method simulations and physical experiments employing a novel miniaturized vibration-assisted device. Metal, ceramic and polymer powders are used as representative samples to demonstrate the versatility of the method for different classes of materials. Ultimately, the presented methods enable a significant improvement in the applicability of vibration-assisted devices and represent an integrative component that provides a suitable basis for further research efforts in the field of combined processing of multiple materials by additive manufacturing technologies that utilize powder beds.