bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin and brain implantable inset‐fed antenna at ISM band for wireless biotelemetry applications
Authors: Singh Gurprince , Kaur Jaswinder 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA compact implantable microstrip patch antenna is proposed with small patch size for biotelemetry applications, which works on Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) (2400.0‐2483.5 MHz) band. Rogers RO Duroid 3010 is used as a substrate as well as superstrate layer of dielectric constant 10.2 and thickness 0.64 mm. The dimensions of antenna are 13.3 × 14.6 mm2. The frequency range covered by the antenna is 2.26 to 2.71 GHz with appreciable bandwidth of 18.10% and its resonating frequency is 2.45 GHz at which its return loss is −20.7 dB inside skin. For validation of results, the antenna performance is checked inside in‐vitro solution of skin mimicking liquid. Thus, a miniaturized skin implantable antenna for biotelemetry applications is proposed.
A miniaturized high gain dipole array antenna for 2.4/5 GHz wireless local area network applications
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Shuang , Jia Yongtao , Chen Zhixing , Zhang Yutao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA miniaturized high gain dipole array antenna for 2.4/5 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) applications (2.4‐2.5/5.15‐5.85 GHz) is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna is composed of a 1 × 3 dipole array, a U‐shaped branch, and a double‐layer feedline. Dual‐band operation is realized by using a double‐branch dipole. The peak gain of the proposed dipole array antenna is improved due to the in‐phase current distributions on dipole elements. A U‐shaped branch is added to further enhance the peak gain in the lower band. For miniaturization, the half‐cutting method is applied. One prototype of the proposed miniaturized antenna with a size of 168 × 10.5 × 0.6 mm3 is manufactured and measured. As a result, the proposed antenna provides the operating bands of 2.30 to 2.59 GHz and 5.10 to 6.73 GHz (voltage standing wave ratio ≤ 2), fully covering 2.4/5 GHz WLAN band. Over the lower/higher band, the peak gain and efficiency are higher than 4.2/5 dBi and 58%/49%, respectively. Furthermore, good omnidirectional radiation characteristic in the horizontal plane is achieved.
Prospective correction of patient‐specific respiratory motion in myocardial T1 and T2 mapping
Authors: Bush Michael A. , Pan Yue , Jin Ning , Liu Yingmin , Varghese Juliet , Ahmad Rizwan , Simonetti Orlando P. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeRespiratory motion in cardiovascular MRI presents a challenging problem with many potential solutions. Current approaches require breath‐holds, apply retrospective image registration, or significantly increase scan time by respiratory gating. Myocardial T1 and T2 mapping techniques are particularly sensitive to motion as they require multiple source images to be accurately aligned prior to the estimation of tissue relaxation. We propose a patient‐specific prospective motion correction (PROCO) strategy that corrects respiratory motion on the fly with the goal of reducing the spatial variation of myocardial parametric mapping techniques.MethodsA rapid, patient‐specific training scan was performed to characterize respiration‐induced motion of the heart relative to a diaphragmatic navigator, and a parametric mapping pulse sequence utilized the resulting motion model to prospectively update the scan plane in real‐time. Midventricular short‐axis T1 and T2 maps were acquired under breath‐hold or free‐breathing conditions with and without PROCO in 7 healthy volunteers and 3 patients. T1 and T2 were measured in 6 segments and compared to reference standard breath‐hold measurements using Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsPROCO significantly reduced the spatial variation of parametric maps acquired during free‐breathing, producing limits of agreement of −47.16 to 30.98 ms (T1) and −1.35 to 4.02 ms (T2), compared to −67.77 to 74.34 ms (T1) and −2.21 to 5.62 ms (T2) for free‐breathing acquisition without PROCO.ConclusionPatient‐specific respiratory PROCO method significantly reduced the spatial variation of myocardial T1 and T2 mapping, while allowing for 100% efficient free‐breathing acquisitions.
Rapid three‐dimensional steady‐state chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lee Hoonjae , Choi Seung Hong , Sohn Chul‐Ho , Kim Seong‐Gi , Lee Joonyeol , Park Jaeseok 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo make clinically feasible whole‐brain chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by enhancing imaging efficiency.MethodsA novel, whole‐brain three‐dimensional (3D) steady‐state CEST MRI method was introduced by utilizing a time‐efficient, fat‐suppressed excitation followed by rapid, segmented 3D echo‐planar‐imaging with incoherent undersampling in k‐ω space. Missing signals and CEST‐specific spectral images were then jointly estimated directly from incomplete measurements using model‐based reconstruction and robust spectral analysis. In vivo studies were performed at 3T both retrospectively (using a fully sampled reference) and prospectively to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in patients with brain cancer.ResultsIn retrospective studies, the proposed method exhibits superior accuracies to existing methods in estimating images, z‐spectra, and APTw relative to the reference. In prospective patient studies, compared with existing methods, the proposed method is statistically significantly different in contrast‐to‐noise ratio of the APTw contrast between tumor and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and amide proton transfer weighted contrast (p < 0.05) while not being significantly different in signal‐to‐noise ratio in an NAWM region.ConclusionsWe successfully demonstrated that it is feasible to perform whole‐brain CEST MRI roughly within 4 minutes for patients with brain cancer. It is expected that the proposed method widens clinical utilities of CEST MRI.
Spectroscopic Properties, Conformation and Structure of Difluorothiophosphoryl Isocyanate in the Gaseous and Solid Phase
Authors: Schwabedissen Jan , Trapp Pia C. , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. , Wu Zhuang , Chu Xianxu , Zeng Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDifluorothiophosphoryl isocyanate, F2P(S)NCO was characterized with UV/vis, NMR, IR (gas and Ar‐matrix), and Raman (liquid) spectroscopy. Its molecular structure was also established by means of gas electron diffraction (GED) and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) in the gas phase and solid state, respectively. The analysis of the spectroscopic data and molecular structures is complemented by extensive quantum‐chemical calculations. Theoretically, the Cs symmetric syn‐conformer is predicted to be the most stable conformation. Rotation about the P−N bond requires about 9 kJ mol−1 and the predicted existence of an anti‐conformer is dependent on the quantum‐chemical method used. This syn‐orientation of the isocyanate group is the only one found in the gas phase and contained likewise in the crystal. The overall molecular structure is very similar in gas and solid, despite in the solid state the molecules arrange through intramolecular O⋅⋅⋅F contacts into layers, which are further interconnected by S⋅⋅⋅N, S⋅⋅⋅C and C⋅⋅⋅F contacts. Additionally, the photodecomposition of F2P(S)NCO to form CO, F2P(S)N, and F2PNCO is observed in the solid Ar‐matrix.
Mechanistic and kinetic study on the reaction of the·Cl‐initiated atmospheric degradation of CFCl2O2
Authors: Zhang Yunju , Bing He , Song Ruojing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe gas‐phase reaction between CFCl2O2 and Cl was researched by means of quantum chemical methods. B3LYP method with the 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set were employed to obtain the geometrical parameters of all stationary points including in the reaction. The singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces (PESs) were characterized at the Multicoefficient Correlation Method (BMC‐CCSD)//B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level. Addition/elimination and SN2 displacement reaction mechanisms were identified on the singlet PES, and only SN2 displacement reaction mechanism was located on the triplet PES. The dominant reaction takes place on the singlet PES, and the primary pathways are CFCl2O2 + Cl → IM1 (CFCl2OOCl) → P1 (ClClO + CFClO) and CFCl2O2 + Cl → IM1 (CFCl2OOCl) → IM3 (CFCl (OCl)2) → P2 (ClOCl + CFClO). Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory was used to calculate rate constants, which is consistent with the experimental data. The atmospheric lifetime of CFCl2O2 in Cl is about 4.9 h in the marine boundary layer. Time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) computations imply that IM1 (CFCl2OOCl), IM2 (CFCl2OClO), IM3 (CFCl (OCl)2), IM4 (FOCCl2OCl) will photolyze under the sunlight.
Hydrophobicity and self‐association (micellization) of bile salts with a lactone or lactam group in a steroid skeleton
Authors: Poša Mihalj , Tepavčević Vesna , Grbović Ljubica , Mikulić Mira , Pavlović Ksenija 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBile acid salts are amphiphiles that have planar polarity: the convex surface (the β side) of their steroid skeleton is hydrophobic, whereas the concave surface (the α side) is hydrophilic. Lactone and lactam derivatives of bile acid salts have reduced hydrophobicity on the convex surface (β side) of the steroid skeleton, but they are still able to build micelles. In the vicinity of their critical micellar concentration (CMC), they probably form Small's primary micelles. In this work, it is shown that retention capacities (reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography) are linearly dependent on temperature, for each tested bile acid. The parameters of this linear dependence (intercept and slope) can be used to describe the hydrophobicity of the analyzed bile acid salts. The first and the second principal components, derived from the covariance matrix of temperature dependence of retention capacity, can also be used as hydrophobicity parameters of the analyzed bile acid salts. There is a strong correlation between the CMC values and the values of the hydrophobicity parameters of the convex surface (the β side) of the steroid skeleton: the CMC values decrease as the hydrophobicity of the β side of the steroid skeleton decreases.
Interleukin‐6 in Covid‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Coomes Eric A. , Haghbayan Hourmazd 
Published: September 2020

SummaryCoronaviruses may activate dysregulated host immune responses. As exploratory studies have suggested that interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels are elevated in cases of complicated Covid‐19, we undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the evidence in this field. We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies investigating the immunological response in Covid‐19; additional grey literature searches were undertaken. Study selection and data abstraction was undertaken independently by two authors. Meta‐analysis was undertaken using random effects models to compute ratios of means with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Eight published studies and two preprints (n = 1798) were eligible for inclusion. Meta‐analysis of mean IL‐6 concentrations demonstrated 2.9‐fold higher levels in patients with complicated Covid‐19 compared with patients with noncomplicated disease (six studies; n = 1302; 95%CI, 1.17‐7.19; I2 = 100%). Consistent results were found in sensitivity analyses exclusively restricted to studies comparing patients requiring ICU admission vs no ICU admission (two studies; n = 540; ratio of means = 3.24; 95%CI, 2.54‐4.14; P < .001; I2 = 87%). Nine of ten studies were assessed to have at least moderate risk of bias. In patients with Covid‐19, IL‐6 levels are significantly elevated and associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Inhibition of IL‐6 may be a novel target for therapeutics for the management of dysregulated host responses in patients with Covid‐19 and high‐quality studies of intervention in this field are urgently required.
A Robust Intrinsically Green Fluorescent Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimer for Imaging and Traceable Central Nervous System Delivery in Zebrafish
Authors: Wang Guoying , Zhao Xiaowei , Wu Haigang , Lovejoy David B. , Zheng Meng , Lee Albert , Fu Libing , Miao Kaiting , An Yi , Sayyadi Nima , Ding Kunjie , Chung Roger S. , Lu Yiqing , Li Jia , Morsch Marco , Shi Bingyang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntrinsically fluorescent poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (IF‐PAMAM) are an emerging class of versatile nanoplatforms for in vitro tracking and bio‐imaging. However, limited tissue penetration of their fluorescence and interference due to auto‐fluorescence arising from biological tissues limit its application in vivo. Herein, a green IF‐PAMAM (FGP) dendrimer is reported and its biocompatibility, circulation, biodistribution and potential role for traceable central nervous system (CNS)‐targeted delivery in zebrafish is evaluated, exploring various routes of administration. Key features of FGP include visible light excitation (488 nm), high fluorescence signal intensity, superior photostability and low interference from tissue auto‐fluorescence. After intravenous injection, FGP shows excellent imaging and tracking performance in zebrafish. Further conjugating FGP with transferrin (FGP‐Tf) significantly increases its penetration through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and prolongs its circulation in the blood stream. When administering through local intratissue microinjection, including intracranial and intrathecal injection in zebrafish, both FGP and FGP‐Tf exhibit excellent tissue diffusion and effective cellular uptake in the brain and spinal cord, respectively. This makes FGP/FGP‐Tf attractive for in vivo tracing when transporting to the CNS is desired. The work addresses some of the major shortcomings in IF‐PAMAM and provides a promising application of these probes in the development of drug delivery in the CNS.
Cancer Cell Membrane Camouflaged Semi‐Yolk@Spiky‐Shell Nanomotor for Enhanced Cell Adhesion and Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Zhou Mengyun , Xing Yi , Li Xiaoyu , Du Xin , Xu Tailin , Zhang Xueji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCell adhesion of nanosystems is significant for efficient cellular uptake and drug delivery in cancer therapy. Herein, a near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven biomimetic nanomotor is reported to achieve the improved cell adhesion and cellular uptake for synergistic photothermal and chemotherapy of breast cancer. The nanomotor is composed of carbon@silica (C@SiO2) with semi‐yolk@spiky‐shell structure, loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and camouflaged with MCF‐7 breast cancer cell membrane (i.e., mC@SiO2@DOX). Such biomimetic mC@SiO2@DOX nanomotors display efficient self‐thermophoretic propulsion due to a thermal gradient generated by asymmetrically spatial distribution. Moreover, the MCF‐7 cancer cell membrane coating can remarkably reduce the bioadhesion of nanomotors in biological medium and exhibit highly specific self‐recognition of the source cell line. The combination of effective propulsion and homologous targeting dramatically improves cell adhesion and the resultant cellular uptake efficiency in vitro from 26.2% to 67.5%. Therefore, the biomimetic mC@SiO2@DOX displays excellent synergistic photothermal and chemotherapy with over 91% MCF‐7 cell growth inhibition rate. Such smart design of the fuel‐free, NIR light‐powered biomimetic nanomotor may pave the way for the application of self‐propelled nanomotors in biomedicine.
Deep Mining of Human Antibody Repertoires: Concepts, Methodologies, and Applications
Authors: Tian Xiaolong , Li Cheng , Wu Yanling , Ying Tianlei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ability of the human adaptive immune system to respond to antigens relies upon the tremendous diversity of T cell receptors (TCR) and B cell receptors (BCR). The entirety of an individual's BCRs, often referred to as an antibody repertoire, shapes the humoral immune system. Therefore, technologies to identify and characterize antibody repertoires are critical for understanding fundamental aspects of the development and maintenance of the humoral immune system. Recently, innovative methodologies and technologies devoted to high‐throughput sequencing of antibody repertoires (Ig‐Seq) have broadened the understanding of humoral immunity. This review provides an overview of the Ig‐Seq pipeline from sample collection, library preparation, and sequencing, to data cleaning, sequence alignment, and high‐level processing. Conventional and current strategies used in Ig‐Seq are introduced in detail, including bulk BCR sequencing, heavy and light chain paired sequencing combined with proteomic or single B cell sequencing approaches, antigen‐specific single B cell sequencing, and single‐molecule sequencing. Applications of Ig‐Seq are also discussed, including antibody diversity measurement, signatures associated with different populations, novel findings involved in the antibody repertoire development, and strategies of functional antibody discovery from antibody repertoires. Finally, the pitfalls and opportunities in the deep mining of antibody repertoires are discussed.
Smart city and resilient city: Differences and connections
Authors: Zhu Shiyao , Li Dezhi , Feng Haibo , Gu Tiantian , Hewage Kasun , Sadiq Rehan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmart city (SC) and resilient city (RC) have been studied and practiced over the years in terms of the increasing urban problems and disasters. However, there is a large overlap between their meanings and relationships. With an increasing concern for both SC and RC in urban development and hazard mitigation, a review was conducted to explore the differences and connections between SC and RC with scientometric analysis. There are far more literatures about SC than RC, and very few papers discuss SC and RC together. The research trend, category, and hotspots from research clusters are illustrated and compared. Major differences are discussed from their objectives, driving force, current research focus, and criticism. The literatures both related to SC and RC are used to explore their connections, which are very limited. The results revealed that the RC's impact on SC are positive from physical, social, and environmental aspects, while SC's impacts on RC could be both positive and negative from the above three aspects. It is indicated that SC and RC are both important for urban planning and can be complementary to each other through proper design and governance, which implies the need for building a resilient smart city (RSC).This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Technologies > Visualization
Entanglement wedge reconstruction and the information paradox
Authors: Penington Geoffrey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
When absorbing boundary conditions are used to evaporate a black hole in AdS/CFT, we show that there is a phase transition in the location of the quantum Ryu-Takayanagi surface, at precisely the Page time. The new RT surface lies slightly inside the event horizon, at an infalling time approximately the scrambling time β/2πlogSBH into the past. We can immediately derive the Page curve, using the Ryu-Takayanagi formula, and the Hayden-Preskill decoding criterion, using entanglement wedge reconstruction. Because part of the interior is now encoded in the early Hawking radiation, the decreasing entanglement entropy of the black hole is exactly consistent with the semiclassical bulk entanglement of the late-time Hawking modes, despite the absence of a firewall.By studying the entanglement wedge of highly mixed states, we can understand the state dependence of the interior reconstructions. A crucial role is played by the existence of tiny, non-perturbative errors in entanglement wedge reconstruction. Directly after the Page time, interior operators can only be reconstructed from the Hawking radiation if the initial state of the black hole is known. As the black hole continues to evaporate, reconstructions become possible that simultaneously work for a large class of initial states. Using similar techniques, we generalise Hayden-Preskill to show how the amount of Hawking radiation required to reconstruct a large diary, thrown into the black hole, depends on both the energy and the entropy of the diary. Finally we argue that, before the evaporation begins, a single, state-independent interior reconstruction exists for any code space of microstates with entropy strictly less than the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and show that this is sufficient state dependence to avoid the AMPSS typical-state firewall paradox.
Notes on lattice observables for parton distributions: nongauge theories
Authors: Del Debbio Luigi , Giani Tommaso , Monahan Christopher J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We review recent theoretical developments concerning the definition and the renormalization of equal-time correlators that can be computed on the lattice and related to Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) through a factorization formula. We show how these objects can be studied and analyzed within the framework of a nongauge theory, gaining insight through a one-loop computation. We use scalar field theory as a playground to revise, analyze and present the main features of these ideas, to explore their potential, and to understand their limitations for extracting PDFs. We then propose a framework that would allow to include the available lattice QCD data in a global analysis to extract PDFs.
Management transmodiolärer und transmakulärer Vestibularis- und Cochlearisschwannome mit und ohne Cochleaimplantation
Authors: Plontke S. K. , Caye-Thomasen P. , Strauss C. , Kösling S. , Götze G. , Siebolts U. , Vordermark D. , Wagner L. , Fröhlich L. , Rahne T. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einführung
Die Hörrehabilitation mittels Cochleaimplantat (CI) ist auch für Patienten mit cochleovestibulären Schwannomen von zunehmendem Interesse. Berichtet wird über Erfahrungen bezüglich des chirurgischen Managements von Tumoren mit einer seltenen transmodiolären oder transmakulären Ausdehnung und über die Ergebnisse bei Hörrehabilitation mit CI.

Methode
In die retrospektive Fallserie wurden 9 Patienten mit primären intralabyrinthären Schwannomen oder mit sekundärer Invasion des Tumors vom inneren Gehörgang in das Innenohr eingeschlossen. Primärer Zielparameter bei CI-Patienten war das Sprachverstehen bei 65 dB SPL („sound pressure level“), sekundäre Zielparameter waren intra- und postoperative elektrophysiologische Parameter: elektrisch ausgelöste Summenaktionspotenziale eCAP, Impedanzmessungen, das Vorhandensein einer Welle V in den elektrisch (über das CI) evozierten Hirnstammpotenzialen (eBERA), Besonderheiten bei der postoperativen CI-Programmierung und unerwünschte Ereignisse.

Ergebnisse
Alle 6 implantierten Patienten erreichten ein gutes Sprachverstehen für Zahlwörter in Ruhe (80–100 % bei 65 dB SPL, spätestens 12 Monate nach Erstanpassung). Im Zeitraum von einem bis 36 Monaten erreichten 4 der 6 Patienten mit CI gute bis sehr gute Ergebnisse im Freiburger Einsilbertest in Ruhe (65–85 % bei 65 dB SPL), 2 erreichten 6 Monate nach Erstanpassung nur geringe Werte (25 und 15 % bei 65 dB SPL) mit im weiteren Verlauf abnehmendem Zahlen- und Einsilberverstehen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Cochleovestibuläre Schwannome mit transmodiolärer und transmakulärer Ausdehnung stellen eine sehr seltene und bezüglich des Managements besondere Entität dar. Das therapeutische Vorgehen erfordert eine differenzierte Abwägung. Auch bei diesen Tumoren stellt die Cochleaimplantation prinzipiell eine Option zur Hörrehabilitation dar.