bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Fall-Off in Water Injection Wells
Authors: Hazebroek P. , Rainbow H. , Matthews C.S. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 250–260.

Abstract
A new theoretical treatment has been obtained for the behavior of pattern waterflood injection wells when closed in. Two cases are treated: Case 1 where oil and water are assumed to have the same properties, and Case 2 where they are different. In applying the method, one plots log (p - Pe) vs closed-in time, where p is wellbore pressure at any time and Pe is static pressure. The value of Pe is determined by trial and error as that value which makes the plot linear at large time. A value far the permeability-thickness product can be determined from the intercept of this linear part, and a value of the skin factor from the injection pressure at time of closing in. Application of the method to data from water floods at three fields seems to give reasonable results. Far the case of unit mobility ratio, it is proved that this new method should give the same value for permeability-thickness product as the conventional pressure build-up method. In addition, the new method gives correct values far static pressure, whereas the conventional method does not, often indicating negative static pressures. The new method may be used in cases where the surface pressure persists after closing in as well as in cases where it does not.

Introduction
It is of considerable interest and importance to be able to determine the characteristics of the reservoir in an area surrounding a water injection well. Thus, if we can determine early in the life of an injection well that there is a considerable "skin effect", remedial measures can be started before a full-scale pattern flood begins. Similarly, if it can be shown that a gradual buildup of skin effect is occurring with time, measures to free the water of plugging material can be taken. Determination of static pressure in the water-injection well may show that the water is entering a thief zone and not the desired reservoir. Finally, determination of the permeability of the sand around the injection well will allow estimation of the future relation between injection pressure and rate.
It should be possible to determine average reservoir permeability, skin effect and static pressure from pressure fall-off data. However, at the time we began work on this subject, it was thought that no adequate theory on which to base such determinations was available.
A Study of Anomalous Pressure Build-Up Behavior
Authors: Stegemeier G.L. , Matthews C.S. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 44–50.

Abstract
In one field in South Texas, approximately 75 per cent of the pressure build-up results show a characteristic "hump" (i.e., the pressure builds up and then falls off) which makes interpretation by standard methods impossible. Correlation of size and time of hump with formation permeability, well productivity index, and method of completion led to the tentative conclusion that the humps were caused by segregation of gas and oil in the wellbore after closing-in. This conclusion was confirmed by performance of simple laboratory bubble-rise experiments, by theoretical bubble-rise time calculations, and by a detailed calculation of PVT behavior in the wellbore of a particular well on which accurate surface and bottom-hole pressure measurements were made.
The hump behavior has since been found to occur in many other fields. The cause, however, is not the same in all cases. In some of these the hump is traceable to leaks in the tubing which allow influx of gas from the annulus after closing-in. In other cases the hump is traceable to leaks in the device separating pay horizons in dually completed wells.
It is concluded that the recording of both surface and bottom-hole pressures is desirable in wells which show an anomalous build-up behavior. A number of field examples is discussed where use of both sets of measurements enables the cause for anomalous behavior to be found, and a reasonable interpretation of bottomhole pressure to be made.

Introduction
Theoretically the pressure build-up in an infinite reservoir should be a linear function of ln [(t + ?t) /?t] where t is the production time and ?t is the closed-in time. Some of the variations from this behavior are well known, such as the curved portion immediately after shut-in which results from after-production and skin effect, and the flattened end portion which results from boundary effects in a limited reservoir. The effect of stratified producing zones and irregular geometrical drainage patterns may also contribute unusual characteristics to build-ups.
Estimation of Ultimate Recovery from Solution Gas-Drive Reservoirs
Authors: Wahl W.L. , Mullins L.D. , Elfrink E.B. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 132–138.

Introduction
In the past few years several articles and papers presenting results of solution gas-drive depletion calculations have appeared in the literature. Such calculations are of interest to the oil industry, for investment decisions must often be made before much is known about a reservoir. At other times, an estimate of the possible benefits to be realized from alternate production methods is desirable, and theoretical depletion calculations can serve as a floor or reference level from which to work. In any case, an estimate of ultimate oil recovery based upon engineering data is commonly required.
An engineer confronted with the problem of obtaining, for a specific reservoir system, an estimate of ultimate oil recovery by solution gas-drive depletion usually will be forced to perform the calculations himself. This is despite the quantity of data in the literature. Rarely will either experience or the literature provide results from a reservoir system similar in all important respects to the one under consideration, and calculated results are not so plentiful that satisfactory interpolation procedures can be devised. Performing the calculations, however, is a tedious, time-consuming task unless an electronic computer is available, and, in practice, time and manpower are not always available for this purpose.
A quick, simple, consistent method was needed for reducing the uncertainty in estimated oil recovery from solution gas-drive reservoirs when only minimum information about the reservoir system is available.

Procedure

Method of Calculation
The usual requisite assumptions were made so that the material balance equation could be used to calculate data for the charts. The following assumptions were made:the reservoir is homogeneous and isotropic;oil recovery is due entirely to solution gas drive and neither a gas cap nor a water drive nor gravity drainage is present;the initial reservoir pressure is the bubble-point pressure of the reservoir fluid;initial total liquid saturation is 100 per cent of pore space;interstitial water saturation remains at the initial value as the reservoir pressure declines from the bubble-point pressure to atmospheric pressure;equilibrium gas saturation is 5 per cent of pore space; andoil and gas saturations are uniformly distributed throughout the reservoir at all times.
There are no saturation gradients due to a wellbore, nor is the geometry of the reservoir system considered.
A Laboratory Study of Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Heterogeneous Porosity Limestones
Authors: Stewart Charles R. , Owens William W. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 213, 1958, pages 121–126.

Abstract
Reservoir performance predictions based on laboratory core test data assume that fluid flow is laminar for the laboratory test. A study has been made to determine the validity of this assumption for laboratory tests on various types of porosity found in producing limestone formations.
Data are presented which show that turbulence and slippage can occur during laboratory tests on heterogeneous-type porosity limestones, thus causing serious errors in measured single-phase permeabilities and two-phase relative permeability characteristics. In single-phase flow tests it is possible to eliminate turbulence and correct for slippage or to eliminate both factors by controlling test conditions. It is not always possible to control test conditions and thereby eliminate turbulence and slippage in two-phase flow tests. A correction method is presented which can be used to calculate the true two-phase laminar flow relative permeability characteristic even though turbulence and slippage exist.

Introduction
It is customary to make use of Darcy's law and modifications of this law, together with laboratory data on formation core samples to predict the performance of producing reservoirs. Such predictions are based on an assumption that fluid flow is in the laminar or streamline region for the laboratory test.
It was the purpose of this investigation to determine the extent to which turbulent flow may occur in laboratory fluid flow tests on heterogeneous porosity limestones. Considering that turbulent flow conditions might exist in some laboratory fluid flow tests, additional emphasis was placed on the development of a method to correct for turbulence when laminar flow conditions could not be attained.

Fluid Flow Concepts for Porous Media

The Influence of Pore Geometry on Fluid Flow
One of the more important factors influencing fluid flow in porous media is the geometry of the pore space which includes such characteristics of the pores as size, shape, distribution, roughness, uniformity, etc. In general, oil- and gas-producing formations can be divided into two broad types on the basis of pore geometry.
Quantification of Naphthalene Dioxygenase (NahAC) and Catechol Dioxygenase (C23O) Catabolic Genes Produced by Phenanthrene-Degrading Pseudomonas fluorescens AH-40
Authors: Mawad Asmaa M.M. , Abdel-Mageed Wael S. , Hesham Abd El-Latif 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Petroleum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to be toxic
and carcinogenic for humans and their contamination of soils and water is of great environmental concern.
Identification of the key microorganisms that play a role in pollutant degradation processes is
relevant to the development of optimal in situ bioremediation strategies.

Objective:
Detection of the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens AH-40 to consume phenanthrene as a
sole carbon source and determining the variation in the concentration of both nahAC and C23O catabolic
genes during 15 days of the incubation period.

Methods:
In the current study, a bacterial strain AH-40 was isolated from crude oil polluted soil by
enrichment technique in mineral basal salts (MBS) medium supplemented with phenanthrene (PAH)
as a sole carbon and energy source. The isolated strain was genetically identified based on 16S rDNA
sequence analysis. The degradation of PAHs by this strain was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The detection
and quantification of naphthalene dioxygenase (nahAc) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O)
genes, which play a critical role during the mineralization of PAHs in the liquid bacterial culture were
achieved by quantitative PCR.

Results:
Strain AH-40 was identified as pseudomonas fluorescens. It degraded 97% of 150 mg phenanthrene
L-1 within 15 days, which is faster than previously reported pure cultures. The copy numbers
of chromosomal encoding catabolic genes nahAc and C23O increased during the process of phenanthrene
degradation.

Conclusion:
nahAc and C23O genes are the main marker genes for phenanthrene degradation by
strain AH-40. P. fluorescence AH-40 could be recommended for bioremediation of phenanthrene contaminated
site.
Genetic Variants and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kowalska Marta , Wize Katarzyna , Prendecki Michał , Lianeri Margarita , Kozubski Wojciech , Dorszewska Jolanta 
Published: February 2020

:In an aging society, the number of people suffering from Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is still growing. Currently, intensive research is being carried out on the pathogenesis of AD. The results of these studies indicated that oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset and development of this disease. Moreover, in AD oxidative stress is generated by both genetic and biochemical factors as well as the functioning of the systems responsible for their formation and removal. The genetic factors associated with the regulation of the redox system include TOMM40, APOE, LPR, MAPT, APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 genes. The most important biochemical parameters related to the formation of oxidative species in AD are p53, Homocysteine (Hcy) and a number of others. The formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) is also related to the efficiency of the DNA repair system, the effectiveness of the apoptosis, autophagy and mitophagy processes as well as the antioxidant potential. However, these factors are responsible for the development of many disorders, often with similar clinical symptoms, especially in the early stages of the disease. The discovery of markers of the early diagnosis of AD may contribute to the introduction of pharmacotherapy and slow down the progression of this disease.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Antidepressants for the First Episode of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Maneeton Benchalak , Maneeton Narong , Woottiluk Pakapan , Likhitsathian Surinporn 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
The aims of this study were to systematically review the efficacy, acceptability,
and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with antidepressants
in the treatment of the first major depressive disorder (MDD) episode.

Materials and Methods:
The primary efficacious outcome was the pooled mean-endpoint scores of
the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). Rates of response, remission rate, overall discontinuation
and discontinuation due to adverse events were also evaluated. Search in the Scopus,
PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases for interesting outcomes
was carried out in March 2018.

Results:
A total of 108 randomized patients of two randomized controlled trials were included in
this study. The pooled mean- endpoint scores of the HAMD in one, two, and four weeks for rTMS
plus antidepressants (citalopram or paroxetine) were greater than that of sham plus the antidepressants.
The pooled rates of overall discontinuation and discontinuation rates due to adverse events
were not different between the two groups.

Conclusion:
According to a piece of limited evidence, the high-frequency repetitive transcranial
magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) could accelerate the antidepressant effect of SSRIs in young patients
with a first-episode major depressive disorder. However, the acceptability and tolerability of
HF-rTMS in the treatment of such patients are no better than an antidepressant alone. However,
further well-defined and large sample-size studies of HF-rTMS combined with an antidepressant in
MDD should be carried out to warrant these results.
An Overview on Chemotherapy-induced Cognitive Impairment and Potential Role of Antidepressants
Authors: Das Ankit , Ranadive Niraja , Kinra Manas , Nampoothiri Madhavan , Arora Devinder , Mudgal Jayesh 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Cognitive impairment is an adverse reaction of cancer chemotherapy and is
likely to affect up to 75% of patients during the treatment and 35% of patients experience it for
several months after the chemotherapy. Patients manifest symptoms like alteration in working ability,
awareness, concentration, visual-verbal memory, attention, executive functions, processing
speed, fatigue and behavioural dysfunctions. Post-chemotherapy, cancer survivors have a reduced
quality of life due to the symptoms of chemobrain. Apart from this, there are clinical reports which
also associate mood disorders, vascular complications, and seizures in some cases. Therefore, the
quality of lifestyle of cancer patients/ survivors is severely affected and only worsens due to the
absence of any efficacious treatments. With the increase in survivorship, it’s vital to identify effective
strategies, until then only symptomatic relief for chemobrain can be provided. The depressive
symptoms were causally linked to the pathophysiological imbalance between the pro and antiinflammatory
cytokines.

Conclusion:
The common causative factor, cytokines can be targeted for the amelioration of an
associated symptom of both depression and chemotherapy. Thus, antidepressants can have a beneficial
effect on chemotherapy-induced inflammation and cognitive dysfunction via cytokine balance.
Also, neurogenesis property of certain antidepressant drugs rationalises their evaluation against
CICI. This review briefly glances upon chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), and
the modulatory effect of antidepressants on CICI pathomechanisms.
Film Animasi “Nussa dan Rara Episode Baik Itu Mudah” sebagai Sarana Penanaman Karakter pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sayekti Octavian Muning 
Published: February 2020

Keprihatinan akan banyaknya tanyangan yang tidak mendidik anak melatarbelakangi munculnya film animasi Nussa dan Rara yang syarat akan nilai karakter. Film ini merupakan salah satu tontonan alternatif yang bisa digunakan untuk penanaman karakter melalui film. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi nilai karakter yang terdapat pada film animasi Nussa dan Rara episode Baik itu Mudah dan cara penanaman karakter pada anak melalui film Nussa dan Rara episode Baik itu Mudah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis isi. Subjek penelitian ini yakni film animasi Nussa dan Rara episode Baik itu Mudah yang diambil dari laman Nussa official di Youtube. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu film animasi Nussa dan Rara episode Baik itu Mudah memuat enam nilai karakter. Keenam nilai karakter tersebut antara lain: religius, menghargai prestasi, cinta lingkungan, kerja keras, rasa ingin tahu, dan peduli sosial. Jika anak senantiasa melihat tayangan yang mendidik bahkan yang mengajarkan karakter baik, maka tak dipungkiri ke depan dia akan menjadi pribadi yang berkarakter sesuai harapan bangsa.
Clinical Application of Radioembolization in Hepatic Malignancies: Protocol for a Prospective Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Helmberger Thomas , Arnold Dirk , Bilbao José I , de Jong Niels , Maleux Geert , Nordlund Anders , Peynircioglu Bora , Sangro Bruno , Sharma Ricky A , Walk Agnes 
Published: February 2020

Background
Radioembolization, also known as transarterial radioembolization or selective internal radiation therapy with yttrium-90 (90Y) resin microspheres, is an established treatment modality for patients with primary and secondary liver tumors. However, large-scale prospective observational data on the application of this treatment in a real-life clinical setting is lacking.

Objective
The main objective is to collect data on the clinical application of radioembolization with 90Y resin microspheres to improve the understanding of the impact of this treatment modality in its routine practice setting.

Methods
Eligible patients are 18 years or older and receiving radioembolization for primary and secondary liver tumors as part of routine practice, as well as have signed informed consent. Data is collected at baseline, directly after treatment, and at every 3-month follow-up until 24 months or study exit. The primary objective of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe Registry for SIR-Spheres Therapy (CIRT) is to observe the clinical application of radioembolization. Secondary objectives include safety, effectiveness in terms of overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), liver-specific PFS, imaging response, and change in quality of life.

Results
Between January 2015 and December 2017, 1047 patients were included in the study. The 24-month follow-up period ended in December 2019. The first results are expected in the third quarter of 2020.

Conclusions
The CIRT is the largest observational study on radioembolization to date and will provide valuable insights to the clinical application of this treatment modality and its real-life outcomes.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02305459; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02305459

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/16296
Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Related to the Inclusion of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities in Electronic Health Record Research: Scoping Review
Authors: Raspa Melissa , Moultrie Rebecca , Wagner Laura , Edwards Anne , Andrews Sara , Frisch Mary Katherine , Turner-Brown Lauren , Wheeler Anne 
Published: February 2020

Background
Data from electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly used in the field of genetic research to further precision medicine initiatives. However, many of these efforts exclude individuals with intellectual disabilities, which often stem from genetic conditions. To include this important subpopulation in EHR research, important ethical, legal, and social issues should be considered.

Objective
The goal of this study was to review prior research to better understand what ethical, legal, and social issues may need further investigation when considering the research use of EHRs for individuals with genetic conditions that may result in intellectual disability. This information will be valuable in developing methods and best practices for involving this group in research given they are considered a vulnerable population that may need special research protections.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review to examine issues related to the use of EHRs for research purposes and those more broadly associated with genetic research. The initial search yielded a total of 460 unique citations. We used an evaluative coding process to determine relevancy for inclusion.

Results
This approach resulted in 59 articles in the following areas: informed consent, privacy and security, return of results, and vulnerable populations. The review included several models of garnering informed consent in EHR or genetic research, including tiered or categorical, blanket or general, open, and opt-out models. Second, studies reported on patients’ concerns regarding the privacy and security of EHR or genetic data, such as who has access, type of data use in research, identifiability, and risks associated with privacy breach. The literature on return of research results using biospecimens examined the dissension in the field, particularly when sharing individualized genetic results. Finally, work involving vulnerable populations highlighted special considerations when conducting EHR or genetic research.

Conclusions
The results frame important questions for researchers to consider when designing EHR studies, which include individuals with intellectual disabilities, including appropriate safeguards and protections.