bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined machine for preparing soil for cropping of melons and gourds
Authors: Mirzaev B , MaMatov F , Chuyanov D , Ravshanov H , Shodmonov G , Tavashov R , Fayzullayev X 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The most important link in the system of measures to ensure a high culture of agriculture and obtaining high yields of melons and gourds is tillage. Success in the cultivation of melons and gourds largely depends on the period and quality of tillage, and tillage depends on the methods of its implementation and the perfection of machine design. The aim of the study is to justify the optimal design of the energy-resource-saving combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing of melons and gourds, and the parameters of its carcasses based on the theory of the interaction of carcasses with the soil layer. The paper proposed a new technology for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds in a single pass of the unit, including loosening the aisle between adjacent planting zones, simultaneous formation of irrigation furrow by turning the layers of the planting zone relative to each other, strip loosening the subsurface soil layers and preparing the soil for sowing seeds along the sowing line. The paper presents the design of the developed combined machine for the implementation of the proposed technology. The types and mutual arrangement of the working parts of the machine are theoretically justified. It has been established that with a longitudinal distance from the toe of the plowshare of the combination unit to a flat-cutter 35.1 cm, a longitudinal distance between flat-cutters 42.3 cm and a minimum longitudinal distance between the support wheel and a flat-cutter 24.1 cm, the field is prepared for sowing of melons with minimal costs energy.
Three-dimensional modelling technology for computer science education
Authors: Qosimov Jahongir , Kuchkarova Dilorom , Nasritdinova Umida , Nigmanov Raxmatilla , Edilboyev Unarbek 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article describes the technology of imitation modelling of the educational process using a three-dimensional modelling tool in teaching computer graphics. Based on this technology, a method, a system of teaching methodologies, tools and methodologies have been developed. In addition, mathematical and statistical analysis of the implementation of this technology in the learning process and the results are obtained.
Prolamin electrophoresis method for assessing the varietal qualities of oat seeds
Authors: Lyubimova Anna , Eremin Dmitry 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The oat is one of the most widely cultivated crops in Western Siberia. One of the factors for obtaining stable grain crops is the use of high-quality seeds for sowing. To control the varietal purity and constancy of the biotypic composition of cereal varieties, the method of electrophoresis of storage proteins - prolamins is successfully used. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the prolamin electrophoresis method for laboratory varietal control of oat using the example of varieties cultivated in the Tyumen region. Eighteen varieties of oats were analyzed, which are included in the State register of selection achievements in the region from 1929 to 2019. It was found that of the 26 genotypes, only 11 were sort-specific. Seven groups of varieties with identical types of prolamin spectra were found. The number of samples with individual types of avenin spectra at different time periods was not the same. Until 1970, from 25.0 to 33.3% of genotypes were characterized by variety-specific spectra. Later, with the advent of new varieties in the region, the number of genotypes with individual types of spectra increased and reached 100.0% by 2019. This makes it possible to accurately distinguish modern varieties of oats from each other, to carry out varietal identification and assessment of varietal purity. It is necessary to have up-to-date databases of reference spectra of varieties cultivated in the region and, in the case of varieties with identical types of spectra, assess varietal affiliation and varietal purity using other marker systems.
Accumulating capacity of different varieties of rapeseed under conditions of anthropogenic pollution of soils by heavy metals
Authors: Elizareva E , Yanbaev Yu , Redkina N , Kudashkina N , Elizaryev A , Khamidullin I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The results of a study of the content of heavy metals in the soil, underground and elevated parts of three varieties of rapeseed grown on soil samples from reference and anthropogenically disturbed sites are presented. Under the conditions of increasing chemical pollution, a decrease in the level of accumulation and transition of heavy metals has been established, which indicates the presence of protective mechanisms that begin to work in the area with high content of toxicants in the soil. According to a set of indicators characterizing the phytoremediation potential (resistance to loads, accumulating abilities), the Highlight variety is preferable for phytostabilization of sites contaminated with heavy metals.
Fastening cargo on railway rolling stock
Authors: Turanov Habibulla , Ruzmetov Yadgor , Dobychin Ivan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Subject: Fastening of cargo on the car. Topic: Calculation of load shift, elongation and forces in elastic elements of fasteners. Purpose: Describe the parameters of the load and the physical and geometric parameters of the load fastening; give the results of the calculation of the longitudinal forces perceived by the elements of the load fastening; describe the sequence of the calculation of forces in the elastic elements of the fastening according to the recommended formulas. Research methods: The article uses the basic law of dynamics in relative motion for the non-ideal connection known from theoretical mechanics. Main results: The results of the calculation of the longitudinal forces perceived by the load fastening elements, which allowed determining the load shifts along the car, elongation and forces in the flexible fastening elements are presented. Main application of the results: Example calculation contributes to the practical application of a new method of calculating the elements of fastening on the car in the development of schemes of placement and fastening of goods of arbitrary geometry. Conclusions: The results of calculations revealed that the accepted value of the coefficient of longitudinal dynamics of the car corresponds to the shunting collision of the car on the hump yard in the marshalling yards. In this case, additional means of fastening, such as fasteners (nails), are used to ensure the safety of transportation, the safety of the transported cargo and parts of the rolling stock. At the same time, if the shape of the cargo and the useful area of the car allows, you can increase the number of fasteners, otherwise – the number of elastic fastening elements, and sometimes perform both.
System for material selection on the price and quality
Authors: Makienko Viktor , Romanov Igor , Ateniaev Alexander , Sokolov Pavel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work suggests a methodological approach to selection of material according to the “price and quality” criterion on the basis of functional and mathematical definitions of indicators of reliability of machine parts. The reliability of components, as an indivisible element of the system, determines the reliability of the material proceeding from its quality.
Autonomous power supply of railway automation devices
Authors: Sergeyev Boris , Sisin Valeriy , Akkerman Gennadiy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The throughput of railway section determines the number of trains traveled through it in a normalized time. On such sections of the railway, trains of various lengths are moving. At the same time, existing design methods provide maximum throughput for a railway section for only one train length. To optimize the throughput of the railway section, it is possible to use auto block system with a variable number of block sections on the railway haul. This leads to additional significant hardware and finance costs, including for providing electric power to additional equipment. To use of a low power, autonomous power supply allows the elimination high-voltage power lines for microprocessor optional equipment of block system with a variable number of block sections. The principle of operation of an autonomous power supply uses the mechanical energy of the moving wheelsets of the train cars, which move on section of the railway. Moving the ferromagnetic material of the wheelsets above the permanent magnet of an autonomous power source converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The organization of electrical power supply of microprocessor optional equipment of auto block system from converted mechanical energy of wheels reduces capital investment and operating costs for the implementation of innovative transportation management methods.
Pathology of cells and tissues of the gastrointestinal tract of African catfish in high-tech industrial aquaculture
Authors: Spirina E , Romanova E , Romanov V , Lyubomirova V , Shadyeva L , Shlenkina T , Rakova L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
There is a possibility of developing a pathological process in the body of fish in the conditions of high-tech industrial aquaculture and at high planting densities, creating chronic stress. Histological studies allow early detection of the initial stages of possible pathology at the cellular level. The studies have shown that apparently healthy individuals of African catfish grown in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) revealed pathology of cells and tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. They had edema of the internal muscle layer of the stomach and intestines, detachment of the epithelial layer from the gastric mucosa, violation of the structural organization of gastric fields on histological sections. Thinning of intestinal villus, reduction of their length and branching, violation of their structure up to destruction were also revealed. The study of the tissues of the stomach and intestines was carried out using a research motorized universal microscope Axio Imager.M2 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). To correct the pathological process, the experimental group of fish received a “sporothermin” probiotic with feed, which belongs to the probiotics of the last generation. It is an antagonist of a wide range of pathogenic and opportunistic microbiota and is used as an alternative to antibiotics. The composition of “sporothermin” includes spore forms of bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, which in the gastrointestinal tract of fish turn into vegetative forms. Bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis are not representatives of the intestinal microbiocenosis of the African catfish, but they regulate its structure by reducing the level of pathogenic and opportunistic microbiota. Pathology of cells and tissues of the gastrointestinal tract have been identified in the fish of the experimental group treated with the sporothermin probiotic.
The impact of monetary policy on the development of the agricultural sector economic
Authors: Kopteva Lyudmila , Kashintseva Valentina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the problematic issues of creating a single monetary policy and a single electronic monetary sign on the territory of the countries of the Eurasian economic Union. The problems that complicate the transition to a single currency, including differences in macroeconomic indicators characterizing the economic development of the EAEU member States, are shown. The proposed currency integration should become an integral part of the common currency policy of the member States of currency integration, as well as in the functioning and interaction of interstate organizations engaged in interstate currency regulation Currency and, which will be an objective assessment for the formation of index systems using different single currencies is justified. In this economic situation, the Russian financial market is unstable and vulnerable, as is the Russian ruble. Therefore, we need a very careful approach to the creation of a single currency, to the development of the financial market, to the functioning of a single emission center, to a single coordinated financial policy to approach comprehensively, carefully and with a high degree of responsibility. Undoubtedly, in the territory of the EAEU, there is a need to form a unified, independent monetary policy and tighten cross-border capital flows. It is necessary to issue a single currency in the EAEU. But this decision requires a serious approach, legislation and technical resources. At the moment, the EAEU has not created conditions for monetary and financial integration, there are problems in the economic integration of the participating countries, different levels of development of their economies, instability of national currencies. The EAEU member States need a common strategy for the development of integration, a lending model, an economic development plan for the alignment of national economies, as well as a plan for coordination of activities in the monetary sphere. The article shows issues of the introduction of the single currency and its impact on the prospects of development of the agro-industrial complex of the EAEU countries are considered.
Potential utilization of Botriococcus braunii and Nannochloropsis microalgae as a biodiesel source in Indonesia
Authors: Fithriani D , Melanie S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In recent years the ability of microalgae to accumulate triglycerides has motivated researchers to explore microalgae as a biodiesel source. Biodiesel is fuel from vegetable oils and animal fats that have properties resembling diesel oil. This study was aimed to determine the potential utilization of microalgae Botryococcus braunii and Nannochloropsis as raw material for biodiesel. Microalgae biomass with pH of 7 was extracted using supercritical CO2 devices. Microalgae biomass was treated with flowing liquid CO2 and a pressure of 90 psi at a temperature of 70°C. The super critical CO2 could extract 13.5% and 3% of oil from Nannochloropsis and B. braunii, respectively. Using GCMS, the oil from Nannochloropsis and B. braunii contained 22.23% and 15.78% of palmitic acid.
Selection of intensive shrimp farming technology for small farmers with analytical hierarchy process: a case for whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Zulkarnain R , Adiyana K , Waryanto  , Nugroho H , Nugraha B , Thesiana L , Supriyono E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the important aquaculture commodities. This is due to high demand and farming with high stock densities. However, whiteleg shrimp farming is generally large scale, so that farmers with small capital cannot carry out business activities. In this paper, an intensive assessment of four whiteleg shrimp technologies has been carried out with seven criteria. Four intensive shrimp farming technologies are biofloc technology, supra intensive, shrimp farming in mini scale with tarpaulin (BUSMETIK), and Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS). Seven criteria that used in the assessment are affordability of capital and operational costs on a mini scale, minimum land area for shrimp farming, dependence on the location of raw water sources, environmental friendly, productivity, energy consumption, and biosecurity. The assessment was carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to assess the compatibility of different technologies to low investment. The results of the AHP method show that RAS is ranked first for intensive shrimp farming technology for small farmers. Then followed by supra intensive, BUSMETIK and biofloc technology. Most of the criteria used in the AHP calculation are the advantages that RAS is very suitable for small farmers.
Life history and length base spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) of malabar snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in western of South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ernawati T , Budiarti T W 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Lutjanus malabaricus is an economically important fish species having high market demand especially in Indonesia and the Asian region. Due to over exploitation this species is collapsing. Accordingly, it is important to understand their status. This study was aimed to assess its status according to their life history parameters in Western of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. We recorded length and maturity stage of L. malabaricus from Sumpang Binange (Barru) landing base which landed by bottom-longliners. The data were collected from 2018 to 2019 in as daily sampling. The spawning potential ratio (SPR) was analyzed using LBSPR method and considering the uncertainties. We found that the growth coefficient (K), length asymptotic (L∞) and natural mortality (M) were 0.245 year−1, 73.98 cm of total length and 0.323 respectively. Length at maturity in 50% level (L50) was 41.35 cm and 95% level (L95) was 53.2 cm. Based on these parameters and determining uncertainties resulted the stochastic SPR is mostly met to the threshold of reference point at level 30%. It means that stock status of L.malabaricus is at the optimum level.
Characteristics of Gracilaria sp. residue of seaweed sap extraction with extraction time treatment
Authors: Nurhayati  , Basmal J , Kusumawati R , Melanie S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Seaweed sap has now been widely used as an organic fertilizer manufacturing material. The simple extraction process of seaweed sap allows the reuse of seaweed residue. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of extraction time of Gracilaria sp. sap extraction to the characteristics of the residue. The extraction process was done with a variation in the extraction time of 0 (5 minutes), 2, 4, and 6 hours. Then, seaweed residue was obtained after the extraction seaweed sap was dried. The observed parameters were the yield, moisture, ash, and fat content of the seaweed residue. The results of the analysis were compared to dried Gracilaria sp. without seaweed sap extraction. The results show that the dried seaweed residue of all treatment had different moisture, ash, and fat content with the seaweed control. The highest yield of seaweed residue was obtained from the treatment 0 (5 minutes) hour of extraction (52.16%) with a moisture content of 10.41%, ash content of 12.39%, and fat content of 0.30%. These seaweed residues could potentially be used as biocomposite materials.
Application of halophilic bacteria in traditional solar salt pond: a preliminary study
Authors: Chasanah E , Pratitis A , Ambarwati D , Fithriani D , Susilowati R , Marihati  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Microbial community in salt ponds have an important role in salt quality production. One of important microorganisms is halophilic bacteria and archaea which has been reported to positively correlated with salt quality. This manuscript reported a preliminary study on application of the halophylic bacteria consortia on to traditional salt pond in Pati. An amount of 0.5% (v/v) of the halophilic bacterial consortia was applied in 20 Baume (Be) salt pond sizing 20 m3. After the saltwater reached 25 Be, the halophilic-treated saltwater was moved to the crystallization pond. Salt has been harvested by scrubbing cristal salt manually after 3-5 days, the time used by salt farmers in Pati. Yield, NaCl content, salt impurities, crystal whiteness, and compactness were parameters studied in this trial. Salt produced from pond interfered with halophilic bacteria consortia had higher NaCl content by 2%, lower content of impurities (Mg and Ca) and higher whiteness degree. SEM analysis showed that crystal salt produced from halophilic pond showed more compact, cubical form compared to the crystal salt from untreated pond which was more fragile. However, the yield of salt produced was not different between treated and untreated pond.
Homogeneity and stability of a secondary microbiological reference material candidate for Salmonella in fish matrix
Authors: Kurniawati E , Ibrahim B , Desniar  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reference material (RM) is defined as a material, sufficiently homogeneous and stable with respect to one or more specified properties which has been established to be fit for its intended use in a measurement process. RM is one of the tools used to assess laboratory performance on an ongoing basis, as quality control in conducting testing and can be used to calibrate an equipment and to validate or verify the testing method. Currently microbiological reference materials with fish matrices are not much available so that there is a need for RM with fisheries matrices specification. Comprehensive studies of homogeneity and stability are need to be able to develop of any reference material. Initially, a feasibility study revealed a suitable processing procedure for fish matrix, the fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) was prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis, freeze-drying, and milling. Microbiological reference material with fish matrix were shown to be sufficiently homogeneous, and storage at temperatures of -20°C for 4 weeks statistically showed the effect of storage time (P value that was significant at 5% significance level). These results provide the basis for the development of a RM for Salmonella in fish matrix.
Identification polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Banyuasin river estuary, South Sumatera
Authors: Putri W A E , Purwiyanto A I S , Fauziyah  , Agustriani F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Banyuasin river estuary is an aquatic area located on the east coast of south Sumatera and receives waste input from activities along with the river flow. One of organic pollutants that toxicate marine life is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study was aimed to identify and determine the concentration of PAHs in seawater and sediment samples from Banyuasin river estuary. A sampling of seawater and sediment was carried out in July 2018. Seawater samples were taken using water sampler and sediment samples were taken using grab at 5 research stations. The concentration of PAHs was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector. The results showed that the PAH content in the seawater ranged from 92.34 to 320.09 ppb while the content of PAHs in the sediment ranges from 3.16-23.28 ppb. Overall, the PAHs content in the seawater Banyuasin river estuary had exceeded the threshold limit value stated by the Indonesian Ministry of Environment, which was 3 ppb or 0.003 ppm
In vitro evaluation of face mask containing extract and biomass of Spirulina platensis and its antibacterial activity
Authors: Setyaningsih I , Sari N I , Tarman K , Manurung N , Safithri M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Spirulina is a potential source of bioactive compounds and recently used in skincare products. The aim of the research was to determine characteristics and antibacterial activity of face mask containing extract and biomass of Spirulina platensis. S. platensis was cultivated indoor at 28°C, using modified media, and lighting intensity of 2500 lux. The S. platensis biomass was extracted using ethanol. The crude extracts and biomass of the Spirulina were used in the face mask formulation. The characteristic and antibacterial activity of the face mask was observed. The face mask containing extract and biomass of Spirulina had the viscosity of 7306.7±9.2 cP, pH of 6, spreadability of 1.1 mm, homogenous, green color, and semisolid. The face mask was able to inhibit Propionibacterium acnes with a diameter of inhibition zone was 10±0.4 mm. The antibacterial activity was due to the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, and phenol in S. platensis extract. This research promotes the developing of marine natural products as cosmeceutical ingredient.