bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Case Reports of Integrated Management of Antibiotic-Resistant Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Chand Kusum S. , Kapoor Priya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequent in women. Cystitis after intercourse (post-coital cystitis) accounts for 60% of recurrent cases. Most physicians treat recurrent UTIs (R-UTIs) with multiple courses of antibiotics. The high prevalence indicates that this bacteria-oriented approach in the long term is ineffective for many women. A change in clinical behavior regarding use of antibiotics and recognizing the importance of a patient’s self-defense mechanisms are important considerations in combating antimicrobial resistance.
Methods The intervention for each of two women with R-UTI was integrated treatment with a non-conventional and tailor-made homeopathy regimen, addressing multiple levels of disease simultaneously, for the prevention of recurrence as well as for treatment. Assessment of causal attribution of homeopathy treatment effect was carried out using the Modified Naranjo Criteria.
Results Case 1 presented with chronic multi-morbid conditions, including R-UTI which had become multi-drug resistant. With regular homeopathic treatment, her antibiotic use reduced, her diabetic profile improved, and she did not need prophylactic antibiotics. Case 2 suffered from R-UTI with post-coital cystitis and burning sensation, despite following all conventional advice for treatment and prophylaxis. Addition of homeopathy improved her quality of life and prevented relapses. The Modified Naranjo Criteria total score for each patient was +10/13 and +9/13, respectively.
Conclusions Addition of homeopathy can be an effective approach in integrated management of antibiotic-resistant R-UTIs. Controlled research on the topic is thus indicated.
Angiographic profile of coronary arteries in Keralite population
Authors: P. Apsara M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: The incidence of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has reached alanning proportions in India. The pathological hall mark of CAD is myocardial ischemia resulting from the atherosclerotic narrowing of coronary arteries. In this era of advanced interventions and cardiac surgery, a thorough knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of coronary arteries is of prime significance and of great use both to the clinicians and anatomists. Materials and methods: One hundred coronary angiograms of patients free of disease were studied in detail in different profiles. The data obtained was quantified according to their frequencies. The relation between the length of left main coronary artery and coronary artery dominance was statistically analyzed using the 'Chi Square test for Trend'. Results: This study highlighted some interesting findings such as the origin of Sino- atrial nodal artery from the second segment of right coronary artery in 3% of cases, double right marginal artery in 4% cases. Other variations such as Mouchet's posterior recurrent interventricular artery, origin of circumflex artery from the right coronary artery and abnormal communication between the terminal parts of right coronary artery and circumflex artery were each noticed in 1 % of cases. Conclusions: Coronary arteries and their branches are prone to variations in their course and morphology. Prior knowledge about this is important for the interpretation of coronary angiograms and surgical myocardial revascularization. The present work on normal and variant pattern of coronary arteries will help in gathering momentum to the already advancing research work in this field.
Evaluation of Graft Tensioning Effects in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction between Hamstring and Bone–Patellar Tendon Bone Autografts
Authors: DeFroda Steven F. , Karamchedu Naga Padmini , Budacki Ross , Wiley Taylor , Fadale Paul D. , Hulstyn Michael J. , Shalvoy Robert M. , Badger Gary J. , Fleming Braden C. , Owens Brett D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction patients over 7 years to determine the effects of initial graft tension on outcomes when using patellar tendon (bone–tendon–bone [BTB]) and hamstring tendon (HS) autografts. Ninety patients, reconstructed with BTB or HS, were randomized using two initial graft tension protocols: (1) normal anteroposterior (AP) laxity (“low-tension”; n = 46) and (2) AP laxity overconstrained by 2 mm (“high-tension”; n = 44). Seventy-two patients had data available at 7 years, with 9 excluded for graft failure. Outcomes included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Short-Form-36 (SF-36), and Tegner activity scale. Clinical outcomes included KT-1000S and International Knee Documentation Committee examination score; and functional outcomes included 1-leg hop distance and peak knee extensor torque. Imaging outcomes included medial joint space width, Osteoarthritis Research Society International radiographic score, and Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Score. There were significantly improved outcomes in the high-tension compared with the low-tension HS group for SF-36 subset scores for bodily pain (p = 0.012), social functioning (p = 0.004), and mental health (p = 0.014) 84 months postsurgery. No significant differences in any outcome were found within the BTB groups. Tegner activity scores were also significantly higher for the high-tension HS group compared with the low-tension (6.0 vs. 3.8, p = 0.016). Patients with HS autografts placed in high tension had better outcomes relative to low tension for Tegner activity score and SF-36 subset scores for bodily pain, social functioning, and mental health. For this reason, we recommend that graft fixation be performed with the knee at 30-degree flexion (“high-tension” condition) when reconstructing the ACL with HS autograft.
Effect of Needle Exchange Program on Maternal Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence
Authors: Rossi Robert M. , Brady Matthew J. , Hall Eric S. , Warshak Carri R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of maternal hepatitis C virus (HCV) before and after implementation of the needle exchange program (NEP) in Scioto County, Ohio.
Study Design We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of all live births in Ohio (2006–2015). Frequency of maternal HCV was compared before (2006–2011) and after (2012–2015) the implementation of an NEP (2011) in Portsmouth, Ohio (Scioto County). Trends in maternal HCV prevalence in neighboring counties both physically adjacent and regional to Scioto County were also evaluated before and after NEP implementation.
Results During the study period, there were 7,069 reported cases of maternal HCV infection at the time of delivery among 1,463,506 (0.5%) live births in Ohio. The rate of maternal HCV infection increased 137% in Scioto County between 2006 and 2011. After initiation of the NEP in Portsmouth, Ohio, in 2011, the rate of increase in the following 4 years (2012–2015) was 12%. The rate of increase in maternal HCV declined precipitously in counties physically adjacent to Scioto County, whereas regional counties continued to have substantial increases in maternal HCV.
Conclusion Rate of maternal HCV infection increased 137% versus 12% (rate difference: 125%) between pre- and post-NEP implementation time periods in Scioto County.
The Role of Gender in Ophthalmology Resident Evaluations
Authors: Birnbaum Faith A. , Chandramouli Shivram , Thomas Mridul K. , Rosdahl Jullia A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Gender affects various aspects of medical training. Prior research in surgical specialties has shown that female residents are given less positive feedback, granted less autonomy in the operating room, perform fewer procedures, and achieve competency milestones at a slower rate as compared with their male counterparts.
Purpose The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether gender affects ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single institution.
Methods Ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single residency program from 2010 to 2018 were reviewed. Data were collected on faculty gender, resident gender, and year of resident training. A linear mixed-effects model was utilized to analyze the degree to which differences in evaluation scores could be predicted from demographic data, while accounting for multiple sources of nonindependence of data.
Results A total of 490 evaluations for 43 residents by 34 faculty were analyzed. Evaluations consisted of up to 23 questions graded on a scale from 0 (poor) to 9 (excellent). Female residents received marginally higher scores than male residents on average (coefficient of male residents = −0.2). Both male and female residents received marginally lower scores from male faculty than from female faculty on average (coefficient of male faculty = −0.21). Male faculty also appeared to have scored male residents lower to a greater degree than did female faculty (coefficient of male faculty by male resident interaction = −0.14), though this result was sensitive to model specifications. There was no significant interaction between year of resident training and gender.
Conclusion In contrast to other procedural specialties, female residents appear to have been graded at a similar level or higher than male residents on average. Male faculty gave slightly lower scores to both male and female residents than female faculty did. Male faculty also may have graded male residents marginally lower than female residents to a greater degree than female faculty did.
The interaction effect of online review language style and product type on consumers’ purchase intentions
Authors: Liu Zhen , Lei Shao-hui , Guo Yu-lang , Zhou Zhi-ang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrevious research has proved that online reviews on purchased goods can observably affect consumers’ evaluation of products, purchase decisions, and purchase behaviors. This study classify online reviews into literal reviews and figurative reviews according to content features and language style. Product type is taken as a moderator to explore the impact of language style of online reviews on consumers’ purchase intentions from the perspective of social presence. Based on two studies in China, the matching between online language style and product type is explored, which has an interactive effect on consumers’ purchase intention. Social presence plays a mediating role. When purchasing search products, literal (vs. figurative) online reviews give consumers stronger social presence, resulting in higher purchase intentions. When purchasing experience products, consumers have stronger social presence because of figurative (vs. literal) online reviews, thus enhancing purchase intentions. The results not only expand the antecedent of social presence, but also offer several practical implications for online practitioners.
The importance of transient social dynamics for restoring ecosystems beyond ecological tipping points
Authors: Martin Romina , Schlüter Maja , Blenckner Thorsten 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Managing regime shifts is often associated with “turning back from the brink” assuming that once a system has transgressed a tipping point, it moves unavoidably toward the undesired state. We show that a regime shift is rather a slippery slope that can be managed and even reversed when transient dynamics and time lags in the coupled social-ecological system are taken into account. We constructed an empirically based simulation model that includes the combined effect from nonlinear ecological dynamics and human adaptation. Delayed policy response and slow implementation introduce time lags that can strongly affect lake restoration time. Our model demonstrates how time lags in municipal policy making can be compensated for by individual action mediated through social pressure.
Pressure sensing through Piezo channels controls whether cells migrate with blebs or pseudopods
Authors: Srivastava Nishit , Traynor David , Piel Matthieu , Kabla Alexandre J. , Kay Robert R. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Cells migrating within the body perform vital functions in development and for defense and repair of tissues. In this dense environment, cells encounter mechanical forces and constraints not experienced when moving under buffer, and, accordingly, many change how they move. We find that gentle squashing, which mimics mechanical resistance, causes cells to move using blebs—a form of projection driven by fluid pressure—rather than pseudopods. This behavior depends on the Piezo stretch-operated ion channel in the cell membrane and calcium fluxes into the cell. Piezo is highly conserved and is required for light touch sensation; this work extends its functions into migrating cells.
Nucleosomal proofreading of activator–promoter interactions
Authors: Shelansky Robert , Boeger Hinrich 
Published: January 2020

Significance
We show that kinetic proofreading of activator–promoter interactions solves a fundamental problem in gene regulation: that the specificity of eukaryotic activators cannot be explained by activator–DNA recognition alone. In light of our theory, multiple observations point to a role of nucleosomes in the kinetic proofreading of activator-DNA recognition. Our theory explains, among other findings, why transcription may occur in stochastic bursts.
Insect herbivory antagonizes leaf cooling responses to elevated temperature in tomato
Authors: Havko Nathan E. , Das Michael R. , McClain Alan M. , Kapali George , Sharkey Thomas D. , Howe Gregg A. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Crop damage by insect pests is predicted to increase as rising surface temperatures accelerate insect metabolism, population size, and range expansion. The plant defense hormone jasmonate promotes resistance to diverse herbivores, but how this wound signal impacts the plant’s ability to cope with a combination of herbivory and elevated temperature remains unknown. Here, we show that heat shock proteins contribute to enhanced jasmonate responses in tomato plants subjected to simulated heat waves. Herbivore-induced jasmonate signaling at elevated temperature, however, blocked stomatal opening and leaf hyponasty, leading to leaf overheating, reduced photosynthesis, and growth inhibition. Our results show how signal conflict between biotic and abiotic stress may exaggerate crop losses under warming conditions that accelerate herbivory, potentially jeopardizing food security.
Acrosin is essential for sperm penetration through the zona pellucida in hamsters
Authors: Hirose Michiko , Honda Arata , Fulka Helena , Tamura-Nakano Miwa , Matoba Shogo , Tomishima Toshiko , Mochida Keiji , Hasegawa Ayumi , Nagashima Kiyoshi , Inoue Kimiko , Ohtsuka Masato , Baba Tadashi , Yanagimachi Ryuzo , Ogura Atsuo 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Mammalian oocytes are surrounded by the zona pellucida, a glycoprotein coat that protects the oocyte and embryo from mechanical damage during their preimplantation development within the oviduct. Fertilizing spermatozoa must penetrate the zona, but we do not know the exact mechanisms underlying this process. Sperm proteases were thought to work as zona lysins, but gene-knockout studies in mice did not support this assumption. In this study, we generated hamsters without acrosin, the major acrosomal protease, to examine its role in both in vivo and in vitro fertilization. Surprisingly, mutant male hamsters were completely infertile because their spermatozoa were unable to penetrate the zona. We thus demonstrated that, at least in hamsters, acrosin is essential for sperm penetration through the zona.
Interaction potentials for modelling GaN precipitation and solid state polymorphism
Authors: Wonglakhon Tanakorn , Zahn Dirk 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We outline a molecular mechanics model for the interaction of gallium and nitride ions ranging from small complexes to nanoparticles and bulk crystals. While the current GaN force fields allow the modelling of either bulk crystals or single ions dispersed in solution, our model covers both and hence paves the way to describing aggregate formation and crystal growth processes from molecular simulations. The key to this is the use of formal  +3 and  −3 charges on the gallium and nitride ions, whilst accounting for the charge transfer in GaN crystals by means of additional potential energy terms. The latter are fitted against experimental data of GaN in the wurtzite structure and benchmarked for the zinc-blende and rock-salt polymorphs. Comparison to quantum chemical references and experiment shows reasonable agreement of structures and formation energy of [GaN]
n
aggregates, elastic properties of the bulk crystal, the transition pressure of the wurtzite to rock-salt transformation and intrinsic point defects. Furthermore, we demonstrate force field transferability towards the modelling of GaN nanoparticles from simulated annealing runs.
Stability, geometry and electronic properties of BHn (n  =  0 to 3) radicals on the Si{0 0 1}3  ×  1:H surface from first-principles
Authors: Fang C M , Mohammodi V , Nihtianov S , Sluiter M H F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new generation of radiation detectors relies on the crystalline Si and amorphous B (c-Si/a-B) junctions that are prepared through chemical vapor deposition of diborane (B2H6) on Si at low temperature (~400 °C). The Si wafer surface is dominated by the Si{0 0 1}3  ×  1 domains that consist of two different Si species at low temperature. Here we investigate the geometry, stability and electronic properties of the hydrogen passivated Si{0 0 1}3  ×  1 surfaces with deposited BH
n
(n  =  0 to 3) radicals using parameter-free first-principles approaches. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations using the density functional theory (DFT) including van der Waals interaction reveal that in the initial stage the BH3 molecules/radicals deposit on the Si(–H), forming (–Si)BH4 radicals which then decompose into (–Si)BH2 with release of H2 molecules. Structural optimizations provide strong local relaxation and reconstructions at the deposited Si surface. Electronic structure calculations reveal the formation of various defect states in the forbidden gap. This indicates limitations of the presently used rigid electron-counting and band-filling models. The attained information enhances our understanding of the initial stage of the PureB process and the electric properties of the products.
Monte Carlo calculation of beam quality correction factors in proton beams using TOPAS/GEANT4
Authors: Baumann Kilian-Simon , Kaupa Sina , Bach Constantin , Engenhart-Cabillic Rita , Zink Klemens 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To provide Monte Carlo calculated beam quality correction factors (k

Q
) for monoenergetic proton beams using

, a toolkit based on the Monte Carlo code

.
Monte Carlo simulations of six plane-parallel and four cylindrical ionization chambers were carried out. The latest ICRU 90 recommendations on key data for ionizing-radiation dosimetry were used to calculate the electronic stopping powers and to select the mean energy necessary to create an ion pair in air (

).

factors were calculated for a 60Co spectrum at a depth of 5 g cm−2. f

Q
factors and

ratios as well as k

Q
factors were calculated at the entrance region of monoenergetic proton beams with energies between 60 MeV and 250 MeV.
Additionally, perturbation correction factors for the Exradin A1SL ionization chamber at an energy of 250 MeV were calculated.

factors agreed within 0.7% or better, f

Q
factors within 1.7% or better and

ratios within 2.2% or better with Monte Carlo calculated values provided in the literature. Furthermore, k

Q
factors calculated in this work were found to agree within 1% or better with experimentally determined k

Q
factors provided in the literature, with only two exceptions with deviations of 1.4% and 2.4%.
The total perturbation correction factor for the Exradin A1SL chamber was 0.969(7) and hence significantly different than unity in contrast to the assumption from the IAEA TRS-398 code of practice (CoP).

can be used to calculate k

Q
factors in clinical proton beams. k

Q
factors for six plane-parallel and four cylindrical ionization chambers were calculated and provided for the upcoming update of the IAEA TRS-398 CoP.
Spectroscopic study of plasma nitrocarburizing processes with an industrial-scale carbon active screen
Authors: Puth A , Kusýn L , Pipa A V , Burlacov I , Dalke A , Hamann S , van Helden J H , Biermann H , Röpcke J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The active screen plasma nitrocarburizing technology is an improvement of conventional plasma nitrocarburizing by providing a homogeneous temperature distribution within the workload and reducing soot formation. In this study, an industrial-scale active screen (AS) made of carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon serves as the cathode as well as the carbon source for the plasma-chemical processes taking place. The pulsed dc discharge was maintained at a few mbar of pressure while simultaneously being fed with a mixed gas flow of hydrogen and nitrogen ranging from 10 to 100 slh. Using in situ infrared laser absorption spectroscopy with lead salt tuneable diode lasers and external-cavity quantum cascade lasers, the temperatures and concentrations of HCN, NH3, CH4, C2H2, and CO have been monitored as a function of pressure and total gas flow. To simulate industrial treatment conditions the temperature of the sample workload in the centre of the reactor volume was kept at 773 K by varying the plasma power at the AS between 6 and 8.5 kW. The resulting spectroscopically measured temperatures in the plasma agreed well with this value. Concentrations of the various species ranged from 6 × 1013 to 1 × 1016 cm−3 with HCN being the most abundant species.
Performance test of prototype of mini compact crucible furnace
Authors: Soemowidagdo A L , Ristadi F A , Ardian A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Mini compact crucible furnace prototype is aimed at reducing dimensions and weight without sacrificing capacity. The performance test was conducted in order to found its weaknesses. The performance parameters tested were crucible, support, and exhaust pipe as economizer. The crucible dimensions are (ø170 x 250) mm and (ø110 x 210) mm while the support’s high are 80 mm and 40 mm. The test was done in two conditions which are with and without economizer. The performance is defined by the temperature change rate in melting 3 kg of aluminium. A digital infrared thermometer was used to measure temperature changes. The result shows that position of economizer is too low so the residual gas combustion could not smoothly thrown out and it flow back and collide with the combusted gas from high pressure stove below. Reducing the heating chamber could enhance the furnace efficiency but economizer should be in proper position and support should be in optimum height. Redesign of heat insulator should be done related to the smash by combusted gas from high pressure stove.