bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the changes in composition of pork chops during cooking
Authors: Gaffield Katelyn N , Schunke Emily D , Lowell Jessica E , Dilger Anna C , Harsh Bailey N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The objective was to determine the change in extractable lipid concentration during cooking of boneless pork chops to different endpoint temperatures. Pork loins (152 total) were used and three consecutive chops were cut from each loin. Chop 1 was evaluated raw (not cooked) for intramuscular fat (IMF) percentage. Raw IMF percentages were used to categorize the remaining two chops, from each loin, into low, average, and high marbling bins. The low bin included ≤3% IMF, the average bin included 3–4% IMF, and the high bin included ≥4% IMF. Chop 2 was cooked to 63 °C and chop 3 was cooked to 71 °C to evaluate cook loss, Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and IMF percentage. When cooked to either 63 or 71 °C, high IMF chops maintained greater (P &lt; 0.001) IMF percentage than average and low IMF chops. Additionally, average IMF chops maintained greater (P &lt; 0.001) IMF percentage than low chops, regardless of endpoint cooking temperature. The three marbling categories did not differ in cook loss (P = 0.28) or WBSF (P = 0.23) when chops were cooked to either 63 or 71 °C. However, both WBSF (2.76 kg) and cook loss (18.72%) were decreased (P &lt; 0.001) in chops cooked to 63 °C compared with chops cooked to 71 °C (3.08 kg, 23.45%). Overall, differences in IMF percentages persisted even after cooking. Furthermore, IMF percentage of pork chops did not affect tenderness.
Harnessing technology and portability to conduct molecular epidemiology of endemic pathogens in resource-limited settings
Authors: Faust Christina L , Brunker Kirstyn , Ajambo Diana , Ryan Mary , Moses Arinaitwe , Rowel Candia , Wangoola Robert Mandela , Wampande Eddie M , Guma Andrew , Adriko Moses , Lamberton Poppy H L , Tukahebwa Edridah M , Mugenyi Albert , Waiswa Charles 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Improvements in genetic and genomic technology have enabled field-deployable molecular laboratories and these have been deployed in a variety of epidemics that capture headlines. In this editorial, we highlight the importance of building physical and personnel capacity in low and middle income countries to deploy these technologies to improve diagnostics, understand transmission dynamics and provide feedback to endemic communities on actionable timelines. We describe our experiences with molecular field research on schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis and rabies and urge the wider tropical medicine community to embrace these methods and help build capacity to benefit communities affected by endemic infectious diseases.
Maternal Surgery During Pregnancy Has a Transient Adverse Effect on the Developing Fetal Rabbit Brain
Authors: Van der Veeken L. , Van der Merwe J. , Devroe S. , Inversetti A. , Galgano A. , Bleeser T. , Meeusen R. , Rex S. , Deprest J. 
Published: August 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221:355.e1–355.e19)
Approximately 0.2% to 2% of pregnant women in the United States and Europe undergo nonobstetric surgery each year. These procedures are often performed under general anesthesia (GA). Clinicians, researchers, and organizations have expressed concern about the potential adverse effects of anesthesia on the developing brain of an infant or fetus. Previous clinical research studies have indicated varying conclusions, but there is a general consensus that the developing brain is most vulnerable when the brain is at peak growth, beginning mid-gestation, and continues after delivery. While earlier animal studies have explored the effects of neonatal anesthesia only, little research has explored the effects of GA administered for surgery, as well as the effect of surgery itself during pregnancy. This study investigated whether the combination of maternal anesthesia and surgery, using a rabbit model, would lead to poorer neurological outcomes at birth, as well as behavioral and cognitive debilitation in the time after delivery.
Effect of an Exercise Programme for Reducing Abdominal Fat on Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Young Overweight Women
Authors: Hagovska Magdaléna , Švihra Ján , Buková Alena , Dračková Dana , Horbacz Agata , Nagyová Iveta 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from Int Urogynecol J 2020;31:895–902)
Overactive bladder (OAB) occurs in 5% to 10% of young women aged 18 to 35 years. Well-known associations include being overweight and obesity.
Factors Associated With Subchorionic Hematoma Formation in Pregnancies Achieved Via Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: West Brady T. , Kavoussi Parviz K. , Odenwald Kate C. , London Krista , Hunn Caitlin L. , Chen Shu-Hung , Wininger John David , Gilkey Melissa S. , Kavoussi Keikhosrow M. , Kavoussi Shahryar K. 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from J Assist Reprod Genet 2020;37:305–309)
Subchorionic hematoma (SCH) has been reported to be more frequent among singleton in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies than singleton non-IVF pregnancies. This increased prevalence may be due to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) predisposing the endometrial environment to SCH.
Maternal Alcohol-Use Disorder and Child Outcomes
Authors: O'Leary Colleen , Lawrence David , Hafekost Katherine , Zubrick Stephen R. , Bower Carol 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from Pediatrics 2020;145(3):e20191574)
Heavy maternal alcohol use has been shown to increase the risk of negative child outcomes. These poor outcomes have been attributed to both the biological effects of alcohol exposure in utero and social or environmental factors.
Current understanding of the fascial plane blocks for analgesia of the chest wall: techniques and indications update for 2020
Authors: Warfield Dennis J. , Barre Shane , Adhikary Sanjib Das 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of reviewThoracic myofascial plane blocks have gained popularity because of their ease of performance and relative safety. This review highlights current research demonstrating the efficacy of these blocks for specific surgical procedures and provides a brief description of how these techniques are performed.Recent findingsFascial plane blocks of the thorax and chest wall have been shown to be beneficial in providing perioperative analgesia for a variety of surgical procedures. Studies discussed in this review compare thoracic fascial plane blocks to systemic analgesia alone, contrast these novel methods of pain control to more traditional techniques, such as paravertebral nerve blocks and epidural anesthesia, and attempt to determine, which fascial plane blocks provide optimal postsurgical analgesia.SummaryThoracic fascial plane blocks provide the anesthesiologist a number of techniques to address postsurgical pain. The relative ease of performance and safety profile of these blocks make them an appealing option for pain control for many patients undergoing thoracic or chest wall surgery. Further research is needed to not only define additional indications for each of these blocks, but also explore optimal dosing including the use of continuous catheter techniques.
Diaphragm-sparing brachial plexus blocks: a focused review of current evidence and their role during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Cubillos Javier , Girón-Arango Laura , Muñoz-Leyva Felipe 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Given that COVID-19 can severely impair lung function, regional anesthesia techniques avoiding phrenic nerve paralysis are relevant in the anesthetic management of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients requiring shoulder and clavicle surgical procedures. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of recently published studies examining ultrasound-guided diaphragm-sparing regional anesthesia techniques for the brachial plexus (BP) to favor their preferent use in patients at risk of respiratory function compromise.

Recent findings
In the last 18 months, study findings on various diaphragm-sparing regional anesthesia techniques have demonstrated comparable block analgesic effectivity with a variable extent of phrenic nerve paralysis. The impact of hemi-diaphragmatic function impairment on clinical outcomes is yet to be established.

Summary
Existing diaphragm-sparing brachial plexus regional anesthesia techniques used for shoulder and clavicle surgery may help minimize pulmonary complications by preserving lung function, especially in patients prone to respiratory compromise. Used as an anesthetic technique, they can reduce the risk of exposure of healthcare teams to aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMPs), albeit posing an increased risk for hemi-diaphragmatic paralysis. Reducing the incidence of phrenic nerve involvement and obtaining opioid-sparing analgesia without jeopardizing efficacy should be prioritized goals of regional anesthesia practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Has the future arrived? Liposomal bupivacaine versus perineural catheters and additives for interscalene brachial plexus block
Authors: Orebaugh Steven L. , Dewasurendra Anu 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Single injection interscalene block (ISB) provides effective analgesia for shoulder surgery. However, the duration of these is limited. This review summarizes the effectiveness of three potential means of extending the duration of analgesia: perineural infusion of local anesthetic agents, addition of adjuvant drugs to local anesthetics in single-injection nerve block, and utilization of liposomal bupivacaine in the surgical field or in the block itself.

Recent findings
Perineural infusion of local anesthetics with interscalene catheters provides superior pain relief with reduction of postoperative opioids. Both dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone effectively extend the duration of single injection ISB. Liposomal bupivacaine holds promise when injected perineurally in ISB, either as a sole agent or when mixed with standard bupivacaine.

Summary
Interscalene catheters, adjunctive drugs added to local anesthetics in single-injection interscalene brachial plexus blocks, or liposomal bupivacaine may be used to effectively prolong the duration of analgesia for shoulder surgery patients.
How Do Audiologists Respond to Emotional and Psychological Concerns Raised in the Audiology Setting? Three Case Vignettes
Authors: Bennett Rebecca J. , Meyer Carly J. , Ryan Brooke J. , Eikelboom Robert H. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
Emotional and psychological well-being are essential to overall health, but there is little research showing how to approach emotional and psychological concerns in the audiological setting. This study investigated audiologists’ self-reported clinical behaviors in response to emotional and psychological concerns and/or symptoms raised by audiology clients.

Design:
A sample of 83 Australia-based audiologists completed a survey including vignettes presenting older adults with hearing loss and experiencing symptoms consistent with either depression or grief. Content analysis was used to explore: (1) audiologists’ self-reported usual response when clients present with emotional and psychological concerns and/or symptoms in the audiological setting; (2) audiologists’ ability to identify and describe psychological symptoms; and (3) audiologists’ self-reported clinical behaviors relating to client referral for psychological support.

Results:
When asked to describe their usual clinical course of action in response to the vignettes, over one half the audiologists described actions that address the clients concerns related to psychological well-being. Where audiologists described how they would provide psychological support, they described modifications to the audiological rehabilitation program including involving significant others in the rehabilitation process, recommending additional support outside of the audiology setting (such as General Practitioner or psychologists), and providing emotional support and counseling. When prompted, the majority of participants recognized the two cases with depression as having a mental health condition; however, 48% of participants indicated the control case as also having a mental health condition. When asked directly, the majority of audiologists indicated that they would refer the three vignettes for specialist support; however, less than one third described referral to a General Practitioner and less than 5% described referral to a mental health professional as their normal course of action in the open response item. Twenty-five different professions/people were reported as potential sources for referral.

Conclusion:
These findings support the need for further training and/or resources for audiologists to enable them to appropriately detect, describe and refer for emotional and psychological concerns and/or symptoms raised by clients’ in the audiology setting.
Prevalence and Impact of Hyponatremia in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in New York City
Authors: Frontera Jennifer A. , Valdes Eduard , Huang Joshua , Lewis Ariane , Lord Aaron S. , Zhou Ting , Kahn D. Ethan , Melmed Kara , Czeisler Barry M. , Yaghi Shadi , Scher Erica , Wisniewski Thomas , Balcer Laura , Hammer Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
Hyponatremia occurs in up to 30% of patients with pneumonia and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of hyponatremia associated with coronavirus disease 2019 and the impact on outcome is unknown. We aimed to identify the prevalence, predictors, and impact on outcome of mild, moderate, and severe admission hyponatremia compared with normonatremia among coronavirus disease 2019 patients.

Design:
Retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study.

Setting:
Four New York City hospitals that are part of the same health network.

Patients:
Hospitalized, laboratory-confirmed adult coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted between March 1, 2020, and May 13, 2020.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Hyponatremia was categorized as mild (sodium: 130–134 mmol/L), moderate (sodium: 121–129 mmol/L), or severe (sodium: ≤ 120 mmol/L) versus normonatremia (135–145 mmol/L). The primary outcome was the association of increasing severity of hyponatremia and in-hospital mortality assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Secondary outcomes included encephalopathy, acute renal failure, mechanical ventilation, and discharge home compared across sodium levels using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. In exploratory analysis, the association of sodium levels and interleukin-6 levels (which has been linked to nonosmotic release of vasopressin) was assessed. Among 4,645 patient encounters, hyponatremia (sodium < 135 mmol/L) occurred in 1,373 (30%) and 374 of 1,373 (27%) required invasive mechanical ventilation. Mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia occurred in 1,032 (22%), 305 (7%), and 36 (1%) patients, respectively. Each level of worsening hyponatremia conferred 43% increased odds of in-hospital death after adjusting for age, gender, race, body mass index, past medical history, admission laboratory abnormalities, admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, renal failure, encephalopathy, and mechanical ventilation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.08–1.88; p = 0.012). Increasing severity of hyponatremia was associated with encephalopathy, mechanical ventilation, and decreased probability of discharge home (all p < 0.001). Higher interleukin-6 levels correlated with lower sodium levels (p = 0.017).

Conclusions:
Hyponatremia occurred in nearly a third of coronavirus disease 2019 patients, was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, and was associated with increased risk of encephalopathy and mechanical ventilation.
Neonatal sepsis: within and beyond China
Authors: Dong Ying , Basmaci Romain , Titomanlio Luigi , Sun Bo , Mercier Jean-Christophe 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sepsis remains a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in China. A better understanding of neonatal sepsis in China as compared with other industrialized and non-industrialized countries may help optimize neonatal health care both regionally and globally. Literature cited in this review was retrieved from PubMed using the keywords “neonatal sepsis,” “early-onset (EOS)” and “late-onset (LOS)” in English, with the focus set on population-based studies. This review provides an updated summary regarding the epidemiology, pathogen profile, infectious work-up, and empirical treatment of neonatal sepsis within and beyond China. The incidence of neonatal EOS and the proportion of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) within pathogens causing EOS in China seem to differ from those in developed countries, possibly due to different population characteristics and intrapartum/postnatal health care strategies. Whether to adopt GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in China remains highly debatable. The pathogen profile of LOS in China was shown to be similar to other countries. However, viruses as potential pathogens of neonatal LOS have been underappreciated. Growing antimicrobial resistance in China reflects limitations in adapting antibiotic regimen to local microbial profile and timely cessation of treatment in non-proven bacterial infections. This review stresses that the local epidemiology of neonatal sepsis should be closely monitored in each institution. A prompt and adequate infectious work-up is critically important in diagnosing neonatal sepsis. Adequate and appropriate antibiotic strategies must be overemphasized to prevent the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria in China.
What Is in the Literature
Authors: Bromberg Mark B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
What is in the Literature focuses on peripheral neuropathies with new and practical information related to the diagnosis, treatment, and management. Diagnostic and treatment guidelines are available for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) but not all clinicians follow them resulting in erroneous diagnoses and prolonged treatment. Secondary axonal loss in CIDP causes increased connective tissue in muscle. Antibodies to proteins at the node of Ranvier are found in a small percentage of patients with CIDP. The differential diagnosis for CIDP-like neuropathies includes amyloid neuropathy and POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein, skin changes) and amyloidosis. Upper limits for cerebral spinal fluid protein are 0.45 g/L and cell count <10/µL, but both may be too low. Hyperactive reflexes may occur in Guillain–Barré syndrome and should not exclude the diagnosis. In severely affected Guillain–Barré syndrome patients, a second dose of intravenous immune globulin within 4 weeks of onset is not likely to be effective.
Longitudinal Analysis of Disease Burden in Refractory and Nonrefractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis in the United States
Authors: Harris Linda , Allman Phillip H. , Sheffield Reinee , Cutter Gary 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To compare temporal trends in clinical and health care resource utilization (HRU) outcomes in people with refractory and nonrefractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of data from adults with gMG in the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Patient Registry. gMG status (ever-refractory or always nonrefractory) and clinical (Myasthenia Gravis—Activities of Daily Living [MG-ADL] scores, exacerbations) and HRU outcomes were determined from questionnaires self-completed 6-monthly for up to 4 years. The probability of each outcome was compared for the 2 groups over time.

Results:
The mean MG-ADL score and the probability of experiencing each outcome were significantly greater in the ever-refractory versus nonrefractory groups during each year of follow-up. Between-group differences in time trends were statistically significant for intensive care and feeding-tube use.

Conclusions:
People who have ever had refractory gMG may have worse functional status, more exacerbations, and higher HRU than people with consistently nonrefractory disease.
Safety of Oral Midazolam as a Perioperative Anxiolytic for Outpatient Dermatologic Procedures
Authors: Bezalel Spencer A. , Brewer Jerry D. , Baum Christian L. , Arpey Christopher J. , Roenigk Randall K. , Otley Clark C. 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND
Perioperative anxiety can negatively impact patient satisfaction and can complicate outpatient dermatologic procedures.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluate adverse events associated with oral midazolam as a perioperative anxiolytic during dermatologic surgery and assess whether an enhanced monitoring approach is associated with an increased detection rate.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Five hundred cases (250 before and after change in monitoring) where patients were administered oral midazolam between July 2015 and May 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The number of procedures, type of procedures, dose in milligrams, number of doses, major and minor adverse events, and vital signs were recorded.

RESULTS
The difference in number of treatment sites, types of procedures, and total dose administered was not significant. There were minor but significant differences in the mean change in blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale score before and after the procedure but not oxygen saturation. These vital sign changes were not clinically significant. There were zero major adverse events in both groups. There were 2 patients who became transiently hypoxic.

CONCLUSION
Oral midazolam administration was not associated with major adverse events including in the more intensively monitored group. This supports its use as an anxiolytic for outpatient dermatologic procedures.
MiR-455-5p Attenuates Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury by Targeting FLT3
Authors: Chen Jinjing , Zhu Chunran , Jia Weijian , Wang Jing , Gu Liang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a terrible disease which results in the dysfunction and structural damage of brain tissues. Growing evidence implies that miR-455-5p is implicated in the regulation of pathogenesis of several diseases. The aim of this study is to reveal the role of miR-455-5p in cerebral I/R injury and the regulatory mechanism. We established a vitro model by inducing SH-SY5Y and PC-12 cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. The experimental cerebral I/R rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion operation. The findings indicated that miR-455-5p expression was downregulated in oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation induced cells and I/R rat model. In addition, miR-455-5p upregulation inhibited SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis and cerebral damage, whereas miR-455-5p silencing promoted SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis and cerebral damage. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay corroborated that miR-455-5p could bind with feline mcDonough sarcoma-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mRNA. However, the role of FLT3 in cerebral I/R injury was rarely investigated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that FTL3 expression was negatively regulated by miR-455-5p. FTL3 upregulation reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-455-5p upregulation on PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis. Therefore, our study verified that miR-455-5p improved cerebral I/R injury by targeting FLT3, which suggests a potential new target for the prevention of cerebral I/R injury.