bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frozen‐density embedding‐based many‐body expansions
Authors: Schmitt‐Monreal Daniel , Jacob Christoph R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFragmentation methods allow for the accurate quantum chemical (QC) treatment of large molecular clusters and materials. Here we explore the combination of two complementary approaches to the development of such fragmentation methods: the many‐body expansion (MBE) on the one hand, and subsystem density‐functional theory (DFT) or frozen‐density embedding (FDE) theory on the other hand. First, we assess potential benefits of using FDE to account for the environment in the subsystem calculations performed within the MBE. Second, we use subsystem DFT to derive a density‐based MBE, in which a many‐body expansion of the electron density is used to calculate the system's total energy. This provides a correction to the energies calculated with a conventional energy‐based MBE that depends only on the subsystem's electron densities. For the test case of clusters of water and of aspirin, we show that such a density‐based MBE converges faster than the conventional energy‐based MBE. For our test cases, truncation errors in the interaction energies are below chemical accuracy already with a two‐body expansion. The density‐based MBE thus provides a promising avenue for accurate QC calculation of molecular clusters and materials.
Assessment of analytical stress and strain at peak and at ultimate conditions for fiber‐reinforcement polymer‐confined reinforced concrete columns of rectangular sections under axial cyclic loading
Authors: Fanaradelli Theodora , Rousakis Theodoros 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConfinement with fiber‐reinforcement polymer (FRP) materials is a technique, which can increase adequately the axial strain ductility of concrete. Plain and reinforced concrete columns, with circular, square and rectangular cross sections, confined with FRP materials, subjected to monotonic or cyclic compressive load, have been extensively studied over the last 35 years. Also, a lot of predictive expressions for peak and ultimate axial strength and strain, suitable for the available concrete sections, have been proposed. However, it is proven that it is difficult to accurately model and predict the behavior of the noncircular confined concrete columns, especially in the presence of internal longitudinal and transverse steel reinforcement, which is the real case for the majority of existing reinforced concrete structures. The presented study gathers all the available test results on square and rectangular reinforced or plain concrete columns confined with FRP materials and other novel techniques, subjected only to cyclic axial loading. It also assesses the performance of four significant expressions published in literature for the prediction of column load and deformation, proposed for the peak and ultimate conditions.
Review of the application of hydraulic technology in wind turbine
Authors: Chen Wenting , Wang Xiaoyun , Zhang Fusen , Liu Hongwei , Lin Yonggang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the development of large‐scale wind power generation and offshore wind energy, reducing the nacelle weight and the gear failure rate is increasingly important. Hydraulic transmission is characterized by its flexible layout and transmits large energy with small volume and weight, which suits the demands of wind power generation. In this paper, a thorough review of hydraulic technology application in wind energy is carried out, in the aspect of pitch, brake, yaw, transmission, new applications, and the potential problems.
Treatment of municipal wastewater in AnMBRs with powdered activated carbon addition under psychrophilic temperatures
Authors: Li Linda , Parker Wayne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe performance of anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) at psychrophilic temperatures commonly observed in temperate climates (10–24°C) was assessed. A unique aspect of the research was operation at controlled SRT with regular membrane cleaning. COD removal and permeate VFA concentrations were similar at 15 and 24°C and deteriorated at 10°C. As temperature decreased, the COD mass flow to methane decreased and COD mass flows in the permeate and waste sludge increased. At 24°C, rapid membrane TMP increases were not observed while at 15 and 10°C rapid increases occurred at 11.7 ± 0.46 and 7.6 ± 0.45 days, respectively, indicating a greater fouling propensity of the mixed liquor at lower temperatures. When the temperature was reduced from 15°C to 10°C in a transient test, CH4 production was reduced and VFA concentrations increased. A 2–3 SRT lag in the responses suggested that the delayed response was due to long‐term changes in microbial population. The permeate VFA content in a PAC‐dosed reactor was lower than that without PAC dosing, and PAC addition increased the time to rapid TMP development to 11.3 ± 0.46 days from 7.4 ± 0.49 days. The primary benefit of PAC addition at low temperatures is enhanced membrane performance.Practitioner points

AnMBRs can produce high‐quality effluents at temperatures of 15°C

Membrane fouling increases as temperature decreases

Bioreactor performance was sustained for 2–3 SRTs after temperature decrease

PAC addition reduced the permeate VFA concentrations

Membrane fouling at 10°C was reduced through PAC addition
Advances in engineering local drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Abdou Peter , Wang Zejun , Chen Qian , Chan Amanda , Zhou Daojia R. , Gunadhi Vivienne , Gu Zhen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy aims to leverage the immune system to suppress the growth of tumors and to inhibit metastasis. The recent promising clinical outcomes associated with cancer immunotherapy have prompted research and development efforts towards enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade, cancer vaccines, cytokine therapy, and adoptive T cell therapy. Advancements in biomaterials, nanomedicine, and micro‐/nano‐technology have facilitated the development of enhanced local delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy, which can enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Furthermore, locally administered cancer therapies that combine immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or phototherapy have the potential to achieve synergistic antitumor effects. Herein, the latest studies on local delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy are surveyed, with an emphasis on the therapeutic benefits associated with the design of biomaterials and nanomedicines.This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
The Extension of the Concept of Security
Authors: Hirsch Ballin Ernst , Dijstelbloem Huub , de Goede Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe classical view of security as relating to nation states and the protection of their territory still lies at the heart of thinking about national and international security. Defence in the sense of national defence is a key task of the nation state and for centuries the sovereignty of states has formed the basis of the international legal order. Today, however, security encompasses more than protecting the state’s territory against military aggression by another state, as is illustrated in Fig. 2.1.
Human Security and Flow Security in Dutch Security Policy
Authors: Hirsch Ballin Ernst , Dijstelbloem Huub , de Goede Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe expansion of the concept of security has also had an impact on security policy in the Netherlands, where security now encompasses far more than the military defence of the country’s own territory against hostile armies. The concern for human security in fragile situations elsewhere in the world and the economic relevance of flow security are relatively new focus areas in Dutch security policy. Accordingly, this chapter provides a further analysis of the integrated approach to security and development on the one hand, and security and the economy on the other, with an emphasis on the relevant policy efforts of the Netherlands.
The Netherlands and the Extended Concept of Security: The Rise of Security Strategies
Authors: Hirsch Ballin Ernst , Dijstelbloem Huub , de Goede Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the extension of the concept of security that has occurred over the last few decades, formulating security policy is inherently problematic. Even if one takes a narrow state-centric view of security as military security behind a territorial line of defence, threats are already enormously difficult to assess. After all, states do not readily provide information about their military capacity and gauging their intentions is a problem in itself. Moreover, those intentions are not static, but can change over time. States can also mislead one another with regard to their capabilities and intentions. The history of international relations is replete with examples of threats being underestimated, exaggerated or incorrectly interpreted and of political failure to respond to accurate estimates and pinpoint strategic analyses. Furthermore, states also have to estimate how other states will react to their own actions and omissions. History is therefore also filled with examples of unintended consequences.
Defence Policy in a Changed Security Environment
Authors: Hirsch Ballin Ernst , Dijstelbloem Huub , de Goede Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the preceding Chapters (2, 3 and 4) we have discussed the changing nature of security and the expansion of the concept of security and explored their consequences for the formulation of strategy. In this and the following chapters, the consequences for defence policy and the armed forces are analysed.
Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes Following Percutaneous Cholecystostomy for Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Kuan L. L. , Oyebola T. , Mavilakandy A. , Dennison A. R. , Garcea G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is often performed for patients with acute cholecystitis who are too high risk for cholecystectomy. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of this cohort of patients over a 5‐year period.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients treated with PC for acute cholecystitis in a tertiary centre teaching hospital was conducted. The study period ranged from January 2010 to December 2015. Clinical data were extracted from the hospitals′ electronic database system, as well as reviewing clinical notes and imaging reports. The aims of this study were to detect the reason PC was undertaken as opposed to surgery, the subsequent definitive management of patients initially treated with PC, the incidence of common bile duct stones (CBDS), the complications from PC, and the 30‐day mortality.ResultsA total of 96 patients were identified. The total number of patients with CBDS was 27 (28.1%). Fourteen (14.6%) patients were shown to have CBDS on initial imaging. CBDS was detected in 12 patients (12.5%) at cholangiogram during their PC procedure. One patient had CBDS detected during a check cholangiogram at 6 weeks, which was not seen on initial imaging. Twenty‐eight patients (29.2%) underwent an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), during their index admission. The main reasons for PC were a high American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score (49%), sepsis requiring organ support (19.8%), empyema of the gallbladder (29.1%), failed external biliary drainage for biliary obstruction (2.1%), and concomitant palliative malignancy (5.2%). Interval cholecystectomy was performed in 24 patients (25%). The total 30‐day in‐hospital mortality was 16.7%.ConclusionPC is an effective and safe alternative as salvage therapy in high‐risk elderly patients who have multiple comorbidities. It is valuable as a temporising measure before definitive treatment in high‐risk patients. A high index of suspicion for CBDS (and further imaging with MRCP or a check cholangiogram) is warranted to detect missed CBDS. This is particularly relevant in this vulnerable group of patients where CBDS may represent a future source of recurrent sepsis.
Interhospital transfer vs. direct presentation of patients with a large vessel occlusion not eligible for IV thrombolysis
Authors:   the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators, van Meenen Laura C. C. , Groot Adrien E. , Venema Esmee , Emmer Bart J. , Smeekes Martin D. , Kommer Geert Jan , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Roos Yvo B. W. E. M. , Schonewille Wouter J. , Roozenbeek Bob , Coutinho Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose
Direct presentation of patients with acute ischemic stroke to a comprehensive stroke center (CSC) reduces time to endovascular treatment (EVT), but may increase time to treatment for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). This dilemma, however, is not applicable to patients who have a contraindication for IVT. We examined the effect of direct presentation to a CSC on outcomes after EVT in patients not eligible for IVT.

Methods
We used data from the MR CLEAN Registry (2014–2017). We included patients who were not treated with IVT and compared patients directly presented to a CSC to patients transferred from a primary stroke center. Outcomes included treatment times and 90-day modified Rankin Scale scores (mRS) adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
Of the 3637 patients, 680 (19%) did not receive IVT and were included in the analyses. Of these, 389 (57%) were directly presented to a CSC. The most common contraindications for IVT were anticoagulation use (49%) and presentation > 4.5 h after onset (26%). Directly presented patients had lower baseline NIHSS scores (median 16 vs. 17, p = 0.015), higher onset-to-first-door times (median 105 vs. 66 min, p < 0.001), lower first-door-to-groin times (median 93 vs. 150 min; adjusted β = − 51.6, 95% CI: − 64.0 to − 39.2) and lower onset-to-groin times (median 220 vs. 230 min; adjusted β = − 44.0, 95% CI: − 65.5 to − 22.4). The 90-day mRS score did not differ between groups (adjusted OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.73–2.08).

Conclusions
In patients who were not eligible for IVT, treatment times for EVT were better for patients directly presented to a CSC, but without a statistically significant effect on clinical outcome.
Pre-stage perfusion and ultra-high seeding cell density in CHO fed-batch culture: a case study for process intensification guided by systems biotechnology
Authors: Stepper Lisa , Filser Florian Alois , Fischer Simon , Schaub Jochen , Gorr Ingo , Voges Raphael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProcess intensification strategies are needed in the field of therapeutic protein production for higher productivities, lower cost of goods and improved facility utilization. This work describes an intensification approach, which connects a tangential-flow-filtration (TFF) based pre-stage perfusion process with a concentrated fed-batch production culture inoculated with an ultra-high seeding density (uHSD). This strategy shifted biomass production towards the pre-stage, reaching up to 45 × 106 cells/mL in perfusion mode. Subsequently, production in the intensified fed-batch started immediately and the product titer was almost doubled (1.9-fold) in an equivalent runtime and with comparable product quality compared to low-seeded cultures. Driven by mechanistic modelling and next-generation sequencing (NGS) the process had been optimized by selecting the media composition in a way that minimized cellular adaptation between perfusion and production culture. As a main feature, lactate feeding was applied in the intensified approach to promote cell culture performance and process scalability was proven via transfer to pilot-scale i.e., 20 L pre-stage perfusion and 80 L production reactor. Moreover, an earlier shift from a growth associated to a production stage associated gene expression pattern was identified for uHSD cultures compared to the reference. Overall, we showed that the described intensification strategy yielded in a higher volumetric productivity and is applicable for existing or already approved molecules in common, commercial fed-batch facilities. This work provides an in-depth molecular understanding of cellular processes that are detrimental during process intensification.
Nature’s endless wonder: unexpected motherhood after pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation and severe late effects
Authors: Bauer Dorothea , Tüchler Raffaela , Dörfler Daniela , Lawitschka Anita 
Published: April 2020

SummaryInfertility and endocrine late effects (LE) are common sequelae after pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after myeloablative conditioning. Nevertheless, the individual risk for these LE is not always easy to predict and therefore these issues are of ongoing interest to the clinical research community dealing with HSCT aftercare. This article describes the case of a young woman who received polychemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) containing conditioning for HSCT for a relapsed anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). She developed severe sclerotic chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) with irreversible joint contractures and multiorgan involvement, requiring long-term multimodal immunosuppressive treatment. Subsequently showing a considerable number of LE including hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, she accepted that infertility would be quite likely. Her courageous personal life planning included part-time working and a partnership but not motherhood. This article reports the unexpected and spontaneous pregnancy and the extreme preterm birth of a surprisingly adequately developing child.
Association between eosinophilia and renal prognosis in patients with pathologically proven cholesterol crystal embolism
Authors: Mochida Yasuhiro , Ohtake Takayasu , Ishioka Kunihiro , Oka Machiko , Maesato Kyoko , Moriya Hidekazu , Hidaka Sumi , Kobayashi Shuzo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Approximately, 20–70% of patients with cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) have eosinophilia. However, it remains unknown how eosinophilia influences renal prognosis in patients with CCE. In this study, we investigated the association between eosinophil count (Eo) and renal prognosis in CCE patients on steroid therapy.

Methods
The present study is a single-centered retrospective cohort study in patients with renal dysfunction and CCE from April 2007 to May 2018. This study included the patients who were treated with neither maintenance dialysis nor steroid before CCE diagnosis, and followed-up for kidney function until November 2019. We assessed whether eosinophilia at the time of CCE diagnosis was related to renal death after treating with steroid therapy.

Results
Thirty patients with pathologically diagnosed CCE were enrolled and followed-up for 11.0 (5.2–43.4) months. There were significant differences in the white blood cell count (p = 0.01), hemoglobin (p = 0.009), serum creatinine levels (p = 0.008), phosphate (p = 0.049), and Eo (p = 0.008) between the renal survival and renal death groups. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with Youden index, Eo of 810/µL showed 100% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity for detecting renal death (area under the curve: 0.839). Comparing the outcomes in patients having Eo ≥ and < 810/µL using the log-rank test, there is a significantly higher renal death rate in CCE patients with Eo ≥ 810/µL (p = 0.0016).

Conclusion
Higher eosinophilia was a prognostic risk factor for renal death in the patients with CCE.
2015 Nepal earthquake: seismic performance and post-earthquake reconstruction of stone in mud mortar masonry buildings
Authors: Adhikari Rohit Kumar , D’Ayala Dina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe residential building typology of Stone in Mud Mortar (SMM) masonry contributed significantly to the seismic losses caused by the 2015 Nepalese seismic sequence, also known as the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. SMM masonry is the most common construction type in Nepal, and notwithstanding the extensive damage, this has persisted in the post-earthquake reconstruction. This paper provides first an overview of the extent of damage and typical failure modes suffered by this typology. Some pressing issues in the ongoing post-earthquake reconstruction, such as building usability, construction quality are then discussed. The results of seismic analyses on both the pre-earthquake (PRE-SMM) and post-earthquake built (POST-SMM) typologies, using the applied element method employing a modelling strategy that accounts for the random shape of stone units, are then presented and discussed in terms of capacity curves and failure mechanisms. As per the seismic design code of Nepal, seismic performance assessment is conducted to understand the seismic design levels of these constructions. Finally, seismic fragility and vulnerability functions for both the PRE-SMM and POST-SMM typologies, considering the uncertainty in ground motions and material quality, are presented and discussed. Considering the seismic hazard in Nepal, the PRE-SMM typology is found to be highly vulnerable and seismic strengthening of these buildings is urgent. On the other hand, the POST-SMM typology has adequate seismic capacity and performs within the serviceability limit, given the quality of both the construction materials and workmanship are not compromised.
A Nation of Bastards? Registered Cohabitation, Childbearing, and First-Marriage Formation in Iceland, 1994–2013
Authors: Jónsson Ari Klængur 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNowhere in Europe is extramarital childbearing more pervasive than in Iceland. Roughly, 70% of children born in 2018 were conceived outside of marriage, thereof 83% of firstborn, which, on the surface, puts Iceland at the vanguard of a development often associated with a second demographic transition. In this study, we investigate the union formation behaviour of Icelandic women during a period of 20 years (1994–2013) with the objectives of gaining insight into the interplay of childbearing, registered cohabitation, and marriage and to enhance our understanding of the function of registered cohabitation in the family-building process. We use administrative population register data, covering the childbearing and marital history of the total female population born in Iceland during 1962–1997. The data are analysed by means of event history techniques and presented as annual indices of first-registered cohabitation and first-marriage formation, respectively. We find indications of forceful postponement of registering cohabitation over time, but a stable portion of around 80% of women registered cohabitation before any first marriage or age 46. Around 70% of women married before age 46, and the standardized marriage rates remained relatively stable during most of our study period. Our findings suggest that within a context such as the Icelandic one, most people tend to marry, regardless of the prevalence of cohabitation. We propose that registered cohabitation should be seen as providing a semi-regulated union status for prospective parents in relation to childbearing. Marriage on the other hand could be seen as providing an elevated union status to couples.
Supporting Newly Identified or Diagnosed Autistic Adults: An Initial Evaluation of an Autistic-Led Programme
Authors: Crane Laura , Hearst Caroline , Ashworth Maria , Davies Jade , Hill Elisabeth L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSixteen adults (diagnosed or self-identified as autistic) participated in one of two iterations of a ten-week autistic-led programme, aimed at helping autistic adults learn more about autism within a peer group context. Motivations for taking part in the programme included a desire for: (1) exploration of autism; (2) empowerment; and (3) the development of practical strategies and coping mechanisms. Interviews were conducted upon completion of the programme and again 6 months later. Using thematic analysis, three themes were identified: (1) appreciation of the autistic-led nature of the programme; (2) unity in diversity; and (3) developing a positive, practical outlook on autism. These promising initial results highlight the value of autistic-led peer support for those recently diagnosed/identified as autistic.