bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inclusion and Representation: The Settlement of Property Claims of the Dispossessed in the Aftermath of an Armed Conflict
Authors: Megiddo Tamar , Benvenisti Eyal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis Article examines the authority of states to settle individual private property claims in post–conflict negotiations towards settlement. We analyze this question by exploring the limits of states’ authority to take or limit private property rights for the public good. We argue that this authority rests on two cumulative justifications: the inclusion of the property owners among the public that stands to benefit from the public good, and their representation by the government that decides on the taking of the property. In post–conflict settlement, the negotiating states may redistribute both private property and the public good between and within their respective communities. Their authority to redistribute continues to rests on the same justifications of inclusion and representation. Hence, their authority extends only to the redistribution of property of owners who are members of the respective communities that negotiate the agreement, and who are represented by a negotiating government.
Disentangling Displacements: Historical Justice for Mizrahim and Palestinians in Israel
Authors: Mann Itamar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIsrael’s discursive strategy for legitimizing the displacement of Palestinians in 1948 involved describing it as part of a regional “population exchange.” This argument contributed to three critical characteristics of Israeli citizenship. First, it solidified an understanding of citizenship as a negation of persecution and a haven for would-be Jewish refugees. Second, it tied Mizrahi claims against states across the Middle East to Palestinian claims against Israel. Israel thus exploited Mizrahi refugee rights for its geostrategic interests—a fight against the claims of Palestinian refugees. This had detrimental material consequences for both groups. Third, this strategy contributed to the construction of Palestinians as an “exchangeable remainder” and a demographic threat that could potentially pose a risk to the Jewish majority. Ultimately, Israel irrevocably entangled the displacement histories of three groups: Ashkenazi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, and Arab Palestinians. This Gordian knot remains with us today, and is reflected in a stratified Israeli society. But the vision that this symposium suggests we consider, that of “historical justice,” demands that it be undone. This Article therefore offers a way in which the refugee histories could perhaps one day be disentangled: a program of reparations for the Mizrahi and Palestinian citizens of Israel.
Melatonin added to freezing diluent improves canine (Bulldog) sperm cryosurvival
Authors: Martinez-Rodriguez Julio A , Carbajal Francisco J , Martinez-De-Anda Rocio , Alcantar-Rodriguez Alicia , Medrano Alfredo 
Published: September 2020

Cryopreservation compromises the capacity of sperm fertilizing due to a series of alterations in the structure and physiology of the sperm. The use of antioxidants, such as melatonin, added to freezing media, may help to reduce sperm cryoinjury. To test the effect of melatonin on Bulldog (Canis lupus familiaris) sperm cryosurvival, spermatozoa were diluted in a standard freezing medium and cooled to 5°C. Then, more freezing medium was added to obtain 200 × 106 cells/mL, and 5% glycerol. Diluted spermatozoa were treated with melatonin (0.0, 0.0005, 0.002, and 0.0035 mol/L), and packaged in 0.25 mL straws, which were further cooled to −5°C before freezing in liquid nitrogen. Thawing was carried out at 70°C for 5 s, and the progressive motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, capacitation status, and plasma membrane fluidity of the spermatozoa (at 37°C) were assessed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA to detect differences between the melatonin doses. There were statistical differences (P < 0.05) in the percentage of sperm having hyper-fluid membranes, intact acrosome, capacitated acrosome-intact, and acrosome-reacted. The values for the high melatonin doses (0.002 and 0.0035 mol/L) were better than for the low melatonin doses (0.0 and 0.0005 mol/L). In conclusion, 0.002 and 0.0035 mol/L of melatonin improved the cryosurvival of sperm from male bulldogs.

Lay summary
Preservation of sperm by freezing enables breeding of individuals geographically separated; protocols for the dog may be used to preserve the semen from threatened wild canids. To improve fertility of female dogs that become pregnant with frozen and then defrosted sperm, these cells must survive that process which can be damaging whilst keeping their ability to fertilize. Antioxidants are substances capable of retarding or preventing the oxidation of any oxidizing substrate such as lipids, proteins, and DNA, which are structural compounds of the sperm. The use of antioxidants, added to freezing media, may provide the sperm the capacity to neutralize oxidative compounds, such as reactive oxygen species, produced during the freezing and thawing process. In this work we tested different levels of melatonin, a natural antioxidant, on dog (English Bulldog) sperm survival and quality after freezing. We found that adding melatonin to the freezing media improved sperm quality after thawing.
Homojen Kum Zeminlerde Optimum İyileştirme Derinliğinin Deneysel Olarak Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKSOY Hüseyin Suha , İÇEN Abdullah 
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada, taşıma gücü yetersiz zemin
üzerine inşa edilecek bir temelin altında yapılacak iyileştirilmenin derinliği
deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Bir yapının inşa edileceği zeminin
özellikleri, o yapıdan gelecek yükleri karşılamaya yeterli değilse bu durumda
zemin iyileştirmesi yapılmaktadır. Zemin iyileştirme yöntemlerinden biri olan
jet grout yöntemi ülkemizde de sıklıkla uygulanmaktadır. Jet grout, zemine
yüksek basınçla çimento enjekte edilmesine dayalı bir yöntemdir. Zemin
iyileştirilmesi yapılırken genellikle alttaki sağlam zemin tabakasına kadar
iyileştirme yapılmalıdır. Ancak sağlam zemin tabakasının derinde olduğu
durumlarda iyileştirmenin hangi derinliğe kadar yapılacağı sadece elastisite
teorisinden hesaplanmış katı maddeler için yapılmış kabullere dayanmaktadır.
Zemini elastik ve sıkışmaz olarak kabul eden bu teorilere göre temel altı
zeminlerde gerilmeler, temelin genişliğinin (B) 1,5-2,0 katı kadar derinliklere
kadar etkili olmaktadır. Zemin iyileştirmesi yüksek maliyetli bir işlem olduğundan
mühendisler bu derinliklere kadar iyileştirme yapmamaktadırlar. İyileştirmeler
genellikle daha yüzeysel yapılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada, farklı derinliklerde
iyileştirilmiş zemine oturan temellerin taşıma gücü deneylerle belirlenmiştir.
Bu sayede aşırı veya yetersiz iyileştirmelerden kaçınılması sağlanmaya
çalışılmıştır.

Taşıma
gücü açısından yetersiz zeminleri ve temeli modellemek amacıyla gevşek ve orta
sıkılıktaki kumlu zemine oturan çelikten imal edilmiş bir sürekli model temel
kullanılmıştır. Sürekli temelin altındaki iyileştirilmiş zemin ise beton
bloklar kullanılarak modellenmiş ve deneysel sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.
Dizel Motorlarda EGR Gazlarının Soğutulmasında Harici Elektronik Kontrollü Soğutma Stratejisinin BSFC ve NOx Emisyonlarına Etkisi
Authors: AKOLAŞ Halil İbrahim , KALELİ Alirıza , BAKIRCI Kadir 
Published: September 2020

Modern
dünyada hızla gelişen sanayi ve nüfus artışına paralel olarak motorlu
taşıtların kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Motorlu taşıtların zararlı
emisyonları çevre kirliliği, küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği gibi canlı
hayatı tehdit eden sorunların ortaya çıkmasında önemli rol oynadığı bilinmektedir.
Ulusal ve uluslararası birçok anlaşmalarla motorlu taşıt emisyonları giderek
kısıtlanmaktadır. Özellikle dizel motorlar, ekonomik yakıt tüketimi, yakıtın
ucuzluğu ve yüksek ısıl verim sebebiyle ulaşım, nakliye, ağır hizmet
makinelerinde ve binek otomobillerde yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Dizel
motorlar insan ve çevre sağlığı açısından zararları etkileri olan azot oksit
(NOx) ve partikül madde (PM) yayarlar. Dizel motorlarda NOx
salınımını düşürmek için kullanılan etkin ve yerleşik sistemlerden biri egzoz
gaz resirkülasyon (EGR) sistemidir. EGR sisteminde egzoz gazı emme havası ile karıştırılarak
yanma odası sıcaklığının azaltılması yoluyla
NOx emisyonları düşürülmektedir. Ancak EGR gazları emme
dolgusu sıcaklığını artıracaktır. Bu durum hacimsel verimin kötüleşmesine ve
yanma sürecinin olumsuz etkilenmesine sebep olacağından, egzoz gazlarının emme
dolgusu ile karışmadan önce soğutulması gerekir. Genellikle EGR gazları bir ısı
değiştiriciden geçirilerek soğutulmaktadır. Bu deneysel çalışmada EGR soğutucu,
motor ana soğutma sisteminden ayrılmış radyatör, elektrikli su pompası,
elektrikli fan, sıcaklık sensörü ve elektronik kontrolcüden oluşan harici
elektronik kontrollü bir soğutma sistemi ile donatılmıştır. Deneyler kararlı
durum çalışma koşullarında, 1700, 2000 rpm de, % 5,10,15 EGR oranlarında, yüklü
ve yüksüz koşullarda yapılmıştır. Kontrollü EGR soğutma sistemi sayesinde, EGR
gaz sıcaklıkları her devir için optimum NOx emisyonları elde
edilebilen noktalarda tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Kararlı durum ve hafif yük
çalışma koşullarında NOx emisyonlarını ve fren özgül yakıt
tüketimini (BSFC) azaltmada etkili olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Bir Üretim İşletmesinde Departmanların Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi Yöntemi ile Ergonomik Analizi
Authors: IŞIK Melek , DAĞSUYU Cansu 
Published: September 2020

Üretim firmalarında üretim, kalite kontrol,
insan kaynakları başta olmak üzere araştırma geliştirme, üretim planlama, satın
alma, lojistik, stok kontrol, muhasebe ve bilgi işlem gibi pek çok departman
bulunmakta olup bu departmanların ergonomik koşulları birbirinden farklıdır.
Departmanların ergonomik değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan faktörler çevresel,
fiziksel ve psikolojik olmak üzere üç ana başlıkta gruplandırılmıştır.
Departman bazında ergonomik faktörlerin önem seviyeleri analitik hiyerarşi
prosesi (AHP) ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, ergonomik faktörlerin
üretim işletmeleri için üretim departmanında en büyük, bilgi işlem
departmanında ise en düşük önem seviyesine sahip olduğu söylenebilmektedir.
Shallow Subsurface Structure in the Hualien Basin and Relevance to the Damage Pattern and Fault Rupture during the 2018 Hualien Earthquake
Authors: Yamada Masumi , Cho Ikuo , Kuo Chun-Hsiang , Lin Che-Min , Miyakoshi Ken , Guo Yujia , Hayashida Takumi , Matsumoto Yasuhiro , Mori Jim , Yen Yin-Tung , Kuo Keng-Chang 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe 2018 Mw 6.4 Hualien earthquake generated a large peak-to-peak velocity of over 2  m/s, with a period of 3 s at the south end of the Milun fault, which resulted in the collapse of five buildings. To investigate the shallow subsurface soil structure and evaluate possible effects on the ground motion and building damage, we performed microtremor measurements in the Hualien basin. Based on the velocity structure jointly inverted from both Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves and microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio data, we found that the shallow subsurface structure generally deepens from west to east. Close to the Milun fault, the structure becomes shallower, which is consistent with faulting during the 2018 earthquake and the long-term tectonic displacement. There is no significant variation for the site conditions in the north–south direction that can explain the large peak ground velocity in the south. As a result of the dense measurements in the heavily damaged area, where three high-rise buildings totally collapsed, these locations have the average S-wave velocity of the upper 30 m (AVS30) values and are relatively high compared to the more distant area from the Meilun River. This is somewhat unusual, because lower AVS30 values indicating softer ground conditions are expected close to the river. We did not find any characteristic subsurface soil structure that may contribute to the building collapses. The large 3 s pulse was probably generated by source effects, rather than subsurface soil amplification.
The Effects of Assumed Source Depth and Shear-Wave Velocity on Moment Tensors Estimated for Small, Contained Chemical Explosions in Granite
Authors: MacPhail Mason David , Stump Brian W. , Zhou Rong-Mao 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe Source Phenomenology Experiment (SPE-Arizona) included of a series of chemical explosions detonated within a copper mine in Arizona. This study focuses on ground motions from detonations in the copper mine, which are analyzed to assess the uniqueness of the resulting source representation when the source region propagation characteristics have a range of possible models. P-wave velocities are well constrained by refraction data with less constraint of the S-wave velocities. The effects of explosion source depth and VS are assessed with Green’s functions for a range of models in which VP is held constant. Propagation models with a Poisson’s value of 0.25 and a source depth 30–60 m most accurately replicate the data. The explosion was detonated at a centroid depth of 30 m, so trade-offs in depth are demonstrated. The compensated linear vector dipole and explosion components of the Green’s functions convolved with a Mueller–Murphy source function are compared. Both produce significant energy in the 2–12 Hz band, due to surface-wave contributions with no clear depth dependencies above 20 Hz. The range of propagation models is used with the observational data to invert for the frequency-domain moment tensor. Fits to the data from these inversions have cross-correlation values of 0.64, demonstrating effectiveness in replicating the observations with the assumed propagation path effects and resulting source function. Inversions produce horizontal dipoles (Mxx and Myy), roughly half the maximum amplitude of Mzz, consistent with a compensated linear vector dipole source, which is frequency dependent. Denny and Johnson, Mueller–Murphy, Walter and Ford, and the revised Mueller–Murphy source models, parameterized for granite, are compared to the moment tensors. Despite a nonisotropic moment tensor source, the revised Mueller–Murphy isotropic source model best replicates the long-period moments, overshoot, and corner frequency.
Cutaneous vasculitis in a child with community acquired pneumonia
Authors: M. Sakti Priya , Subbarao Pinnaka , P. Ramachandran , J. Dinesh Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important etiological agent in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children aged 3 to 15 years. Mycoplasma pneumoniae may present with varied extra pulmonary manifestations. A 5 year old child presented with cough and fever and was initially managed as CAP due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Child continued to have fever spikes and worsening distress and developed pleural effusion. Mycoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) was raised and child was treated with azithromycin. After 10 days of admission, the child developed fissuring of lips and discoloration of extremities. Direct Coombs test, cold agglutination test, antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anticardiolipin antibody were positive. Suspecting small vessel vasculitis, she was started on enoxaparin and aspirin and improved well. This case of CAP due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae is presented for the rare extrapulmonary manifestation of cutaneous vasculitis.
Imágenes de la niñez desde la perspectiva de las madres peruanas
Authors: Nóblega Magaly , Thorne Cecilia , Peña Betty , Moreyra Paula 
Published: September 2020

Este estudio explora las imágenes sobre la niñez que tienen las madres peruanas de nivel socioeconómico medio y bajo. Se trabajó con 91 madres de cuatro ciudades del Perú mediante grupos focales. Los resultados muestran que la niñez es considerada como un período del desarrollo con características propias, y como una etapa de juego y sin responsabilidades. Las madres reconocen la dimensión afectiva como importante para el desarrollo y contemplanal niño como un ser activo en relación a su entorno, con habilidades cognitivas y sociales.Estos resultados evidencian una evolución positiva de la imagen del niño en comparación con conceptualizaciones pasadas.
Promoviendo vínculos saludables entre madres adolescentes y sus bebes: una experiencia de intervención
Authors: Traverso Koroleff Pierina 
Published: September 2020

Se realizó un programa de intervención dirigido a promover un vínculo saludable entre madres adolescentes y sus bebes, con 26 madres entre 15 y 19 años de edad y con un hijo o hija entre 0 y 6 meses de edad de una zona pobre de Lima, Perú. La intervención se realizó en cuatro grupos y cada uno tuvo diez sesiones. Se evaluó la interacción entre madre y bebe, la interpretación que realiza la madre de los afectos, y las representaciones maternales (descripción del bebe, de sí misma como mamá y de la relación entre los dos), antes y después del programa. Se realizaron las mismas evaluaciones con un grupo comparativo de 18 jóvenes con las mismas características. En este artículo se presentan y discuten los resultados obtenidos en ambas evaluaciones.
Iguales, pero diferentes: creencias sociales en la canalización cultural del desarrollo de gemelos
Authors: Oliveira Machado Alessandra , Uchoa Branco Angela 
Published: September 2020

El artículo analiza las teorías y creencias de la madre, abuela y profesora de gemelos monocigóticos sobre su desarrollo, considerando la perspectiva sociocultural constructivista. Se construyeron categorías a través de una análisis interpretativo-cualitativo de las entrevistas. Los resultados señalan que a) las prácticas culturales y educativas en la escuela y la familia dependen de las creencias que tienen los adultos sobre la condición de gemelaridad; b) dichas prácticas parecen tener un gran impacto sobre el desarrollo de las subjetividades de los gemelos; c) existen divergencias en cuando a las creencias y expectativas de la familia y de la escuela en relación al comportamiento y desempeño de los niños; d) existe una tensión dialógica entre promover una similitud en los procesos de individuación.
Impacto de una intervención con grupos de mamás y bebes en el desarrollo infantil
Authors: Oré Luján Beatriz , Díaz Juan José , Penny Mary 
Published: September 2020

Se evalúa el impacto de una intervención grupal, con madres y niños de ocho meses de edad, en el desarrollo de los niños, realizada en un distrito urbano marginal de Lima Metropolitana. La asignación a los grupos control y tratamiento fue aleatoria y se evaluó el desarrollo de los niños y niñas antes y después de la intervención con la BSID-II. La intervención tuvo un impacto general positivo en el desarrollo de los niños, pero no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en el Índice de Desarrollo Mental o el Índice de Desarrollo Psicomotor. Se observó un efecto especialmente significativo (p < .05) en dos factores de la Escala de Comportamiento de la BSID-II.
CAMPUR KODE BAHASA ALAY DI KALANGAN REMAJA SMP TARUNA SURABAYA TIMUR
Authors: Sari Dwi Nur Indah , A Juliana , Bariyadin Bariyadin 
Published: September 2020

Campur kode adalah peristiwa pencampuran dua bahasa atau lebih dalam situasi berbahasa dan tidak ada situa siapapun yang menuntut pencampuran bahasa itu. Pada penelitian ini, campur kode merupakan pencampuran unsur-unsur bahasa alay kedalam bahasa Indonesia padaRemaja SMP Taruna Surabaya Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan wujud-wujud campur kode yang terjadi pada bahasa Remaja SMP Taruna Surabaya Timur, yaitu penyisipan unsur bahasa alay yang berwujud kata , frase, klausa, baster, dan pengulangan kata. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak lanjutan, teknik rekam, teknik pengkodean, dan teknik transkrip. Teknik analisis data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode distribusional. Hasil analisis data dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan hal-hal berikut: Terdapat 85 penyisipan unsur yang berwujud kata, terdapat 13 penyisipan unsur yang berwujud frase, terdapat 7 penyisipan unsur yang berwujud klausa, terdapat 11 penyisipan unsur yang berwujud baster, dan terdapat 16 penyisipan unsur yang berwujud perulangan kata dalam dialog remaja SMP Taruna Surabaya Timur. Lima unsur tersebut terwakili oleh campur kode bahasa alay dan bahasa daerah (Jawa).
Menejemen Resiko Bencana Alam Berdasarkan Islam: Satu Kajian Pendahuluan
Authors: Mat Johar Muhammad Hilmi Bin , Hamzah Abd Rahman Bin , Nasir Badlihisham Mohd 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Natural disasters are hot issuesbeing discussed either through print media or electronic media. The natural disasters took place in recent years have created anxieties to the world's population so that many agencies are involved in the search for a wide range of latest and upcoming alternatives to tackle the problems. This catastrophic problem is often associated with the law of the rule of nature but there are some obvious causes by human activity for local development. The concept of destiny is one of the important aspects in the discipline of history, philosophy and religion. There are debates involves the physical and metaphysical nature of the unseen nature and its relation to the existence of God, the relationship of God andhuman, the relationship of God with nature and human relationships with nature. Natural disasters such as landslides, earthquakes, flash floods and so forth are likely the result from greedy human acts in the pursuit of modernization through extreme development. While the disasters had affected our mother nature, it is important for us to implement the precautionary measures to minimize the effects of natural disasters and thus prevent and minimize the impact of losses. Continuing from this analogy, this paper will analyze and provide a framework for disaster risk management proposals in the Islamic perspective. Keyword: Natural disaster, development, flash flood, landslides, prevention