bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Throughput enhancement of cognitive radio networks‐nonorthogonal multiple access with energy harvesting and adaptive transmit power
Authors: Alhamad Raed , Boujemaa Hatem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, we derive the theoretical throughput of cognitive radio networks using nonorthogonal multiple access with energy harvesting nodes. We also optimize both power allocation coefficients and harvesting duration to maximize the throughput. In the primary network, there are a primary source and a primary destination. The secondary network contains a secondary source,KrelaysRk, andNnonorthogonal multiple access usersDi. Secondary source and relays harvest energy from radio frequency signals received from nodeA. Secondary nodes adapt their powers to generate low interference at primary destination. We also suggest two strategies for user classification using average or instantaneous channel gains while taking into account the interference from primary source. We show that users' ranking using instantaneous channel gains offers the largest throughput. In addition, the suggested optimal power allocation and optimal harvesting duration allow to increase the throughput. Our theoretical derivations are also compared with computer simulations performed in the presence of Rayleigh fadingchannels.
Advanced head and neck surgery training during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Givi Babak , Moore Michael G. , Bewley Arnaud F. , Coffey Charles S. , Cohen Marc A. , Hessel Amy C. , Jalisi Scharukh , Kang Steven , Newman Jason G. , Puscas Liana , Shindo Maisie , Shuman Andrew , Thakkar Punam , Weed Donald T. , Chalian Ara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly impacted medical training. Here we assess its effect on head and neck surgical education.MethodsSurveys were sent to current accredited program directors and trainees to assess the impact of COVID‐19 on the fellow's experience and employment search. Current fellows' operative logs were compared with those of the 2018 to 2019 graduates.ResultsDespite reduction in operative volume, 82% of current American Head and Neck Society fellows have reached the number of major surgical operations to support certification. When surveyed, 86% of program directors deemed their fellow ready to enter practice. The majority of fellows felt prepared to practice ablative (96%), and microvascular surgery (73%), and 57% have secured employment to follow graduation. Five (10%) had a pending job position put on hold due to the pandemic.ConclusionsDespite the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, current accredited trainees remain well‐positioned to obtain proficiency and enter the work‐force.
Negative correlation between grey matter in the hippocampus and caudate nucleus in healthy aging
Authors: Sodums Devin J. , Bohbot Véronique D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeurobiological changes that occur with aging include a reduction in function and volume of the hippocampus. These changes were associated with corresponding memory deficits in navigation tasks. However, navigation can involve different strategies that are dependent on the hippocampus and caudate nucleus. The proportion of people using hippocampus‐dependent spatial strategies decreases across the lifespan. As such, the decrease in spatial strategies, and corresponding increase in caudate nucleus‐dependent response strategies with age, may play a role in the observed neurobiological changes in the hippocampus. Furthermore, we previously showed a negative correlation between grey matter in the hippocampus and caudate nucleus/striatum in mice, young adults, and in individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. As such, we hypothesized that this negative relationship between the two structures would be present during normal aging. The aim of the current study was to investigate this gap in the literature by studying the relationship between grey matter in the hippocampus and caudate nucleus of the striatum, in relation to each other and to navigation strategies, during healthy aging. Healthy older adults (N = 39) were tested on the Concurrent Spatial Discrimination Learning Task (CSDLT), a virtual radial task that dissociates between spatial and response strategies. A regression of strategies against structural MRIs showed for the first time in older adults that the response strategy was associated with higher amounts of grey matter in the caudate nucleus. As expected, the spatial strategy correlated with grey matter in the hippocampus, which was negatively correlated with grey matter in the caudate nucleus. Interestingly, a sex difference emerged showing that among older adult response learners, women have the least amount of grey matter in the hippocampus, which is a known risk for Alzheimer's disease. This difference was absent among spatial learners. These results are discussed in the context of the putative protective role of spatial memory against grey matter loss in the hippocampus, especially in women.
Hematological toxicities in immune checkpoint inhibitors: A pharmacovigilance study from 2014 to 2019
Authors: Ye Xiaofei , Hu Fangyuan , Zhai Yinghong , Qin Yingyi , Xu Jinfang , Guo Xiaojing , Zhuang Yonglong , He Jia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable clinical effects in many cancer types. However, ICIs could also induce severe organ system toxicities, including those of the hematological system. The present study aimed to extensively characterize the hematological toxicities of ICIs immunotherapy. Data were extracted from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database from January 1, 2014, to March 31, 2019. Disproportionality analysis, including information component (IC) and reporting odds ratio (ROR), was used to detect potential disproportionality signal. The lower boundary of the 95% confidence interval of IC (IC025) exceeding zero or that of ROR (ROR025) exceeding one was considered statistically significant for detecting disproportionality signal. A total of 29 294 335 records were extracted from the database, with 132 573 related to ICIs. Overall, hematological adverse events (AEs) were more frequently reported in ICIs (IC025: 0.81; ROR025: 1.80). On further analysis, hematological AEs were overreported in female patients (female vs male, ROR025: 1.04) and anti‐CTLA‐4 monotherapy groups (anti‐CTLA‐4 vs anti‐PD‐1, ROR025: 1.33) and polytherapy groups (polytherapy vs monotherapy, ROR: 1.20, ROR025: 1.11). Moreover, class‐specific hematological AEs were also detected and differed in unique ICI regimens. Notably, disseminated intravascular coagulation had the highest proportion of death outcomes among the top 10 most frequently reported ICI‐associated hematological AEs. Our study shows a high reporting frequency of hematological AEs induced by ICI monotherapy (especially by anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy) and reinforced by polytherapy. A spectrum of class‐specific disproportionality signal was also detected; some were fatal and reported for the first time. The heterogeneous clinical spectrum of hematological toxicities, including the non‐negligible proportion of death as reported outcome, are warranted to be reminded by clinicians. Early recognition and management of ICI‐related hematological AEs are highly important and further studies are needed to confirm the results of our study.
Error‐prone DNA repair pathways as determinants of immunotherapy activity: an emerging scenario for cancer treatment
Authors: Caracciolo Daniele , Riillo Caterina , Arbitrio Mariamena , Di Martino Maria Teresa , Tagliaferri Pierosandro , Tassone Pierfrancesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDefects in DNA repair machinery play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of human cancer. When they occur, the tumor cells activate error‐prone mechanisms which lead to genomic instability and high mutation rate. These defects represent, therefore, a cancer Achilles'heel which could be therapeutically exploited by the use of DNA damage response inhibitors. Moreover, experimental and clinical evidence indicates that DNA repair deregulation has a pivotal role also in promoting immune recognition and immune destruction of cancer cells. Indeed, immune checkpoint inhibitors have received regulatory approval in tumors characterized by high genomic instability, such as melanomas and lung cancer. Here, we discuss how deregulation of DNA repair, through activation of error‐prone mechanisms, increases immune activation against cancer. Finally, we address the potential strategies to use DNA repair components as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to empower immune‐oncology treatment of human cancer.
Rare case of carcinoma in situ originated in right retrocaval ureter successfully managed with laparoscopic procedure
Authors: Noda Yusuke , Naiki Taku , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Kato Hiroyuki , Etani Toshiki , Shimizu Nobuhiko , Nagai Takashi , Iwatsuki Shoichiro , Hamamoto Shuzo , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionA retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by the persistence of the posterior subcardinal vein on the right, which causes the proximal ureter to deviate medially behind the inferior vena cava. The presence of retrocaval ureter is usually found because of the development of progressive hydronephrosis, but many cases are clinically silent. In addition, an urothelial malignancy associated with retrocaval ureter is very rare.Case presentationHerein we report a very rare case of a 57‐year‐old male with retrocaval ureter and carcinoma in situ diagnosed by ureteroscopy. In spite of strong adhesion in the area of the ureter behind the inferior vena cava, dissection was successfully managed by a laparoscopic procedure after cutting the ureter and separating it into two segments.ConclusionEarly histopathological diagnosis and radical laparoscopic surgery based on the results of ureteroscopy may lead to a good outcome, even in retrocaval ureter cases with a carcinoma in situ.
Effects of coloured water pillows on yield and water productivity of eggplant*
Authors: Gerçek Sinan , Demirkaya Mustafa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, the effects of black and blue coloured water pillows on eggplant yield and water productivities were investigated under greenhouse conditions in a semi‐arid region of Turkey. There were five different irrigation treatments: black water pillows (BLACKWP), black mulching + drip (BLACKM + D), blue water pillows (BLUEWP), blue mulching + drip (BLUEM + D) and drip irrigation (DI) without mulching. Yield per hectare, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of fruits per unit area (m2) and seasonal water consumption were investigated. The yields in BLACKWP, BLUEWP, BLACKM + D, BLUEM + D and DI treatments were respectively measured as 104, 103, 115, 107 and 76.2 t ha−1. Seasonal water consumption of the BLACKWP and BLUEWP treatments and BLACKM + D and BLUEM + D treatments was respectively 19 and 16% less than that of DI treatment. Irrigation water productivity of the BLACKWP, BLUEWP, BLACKM + D and BLUEM + D treatments were respectively 40, 39, 44 and 40% greater than that of DI treatment. Yield of BLACKWP, BLUEWP, BLACKM + D and BLUEM + D treatments was respectively 26, 26, 34 and 29% higher than that of DI treatment. Black and blue water pillows and black and blue mulching + drip irrigations had much higher yields and water productivities than drip irrigation without mulching. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The components of an innovation ecosystem framework for Botswana's mobile applications
Authors: Nyamaka Admore Tutsirayi , Botha Adele , Van Biljon Judy , Marais Mario Alphonso 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe literature on information and communication technology comprises numerous studies on the role of mobile technologies in developing communities, including examples of innovative mobile applications which improve literacy and access to healthcare, banking and agricultural services. There is a growing understanding that sustainable development requires more than rational, scientific and technological means – it also requires a web of support from both social networks and business infrastructure. Innovation ecosystems consist of economic agents and relations, as well as non‐economic components such as technology, institutions, sociological interactions and culture, which facilitate idea‐making, innovation and the diffusion of such innovations. There is, as yet, no evidence‐based innovation ecosystem conceptualisation to describe the situation in Botswana. This study aims to identify and present the essential components of a mobile application innovation ecosystem, by using Design Science Research methodology and adopting a pragmatic research approach which draws on two theoretical streams: the Computing, Connectivity, Content and Capacity (4Cs) framework for information and communications technology, and a systems theory‐based Triple Helix Model of Innovation. In addition to making a theoretical contribution towards understanding information and communications technology for development innovation frameworks, the study provides practical recommendations in respect of supporting mobile application innovations in Botswana.
Noncovalent modification of self‐assembled functionalized COF by PNIPAM and its properties of Pickering emulsion
Authors: Zhang Na , Wang Fei , Cai Chang‐chen , Sun Qian , Zhang Kai , Li Ai‐xiang , Weng Jun‐ying , Li Qiu‐hong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBased on a facile and universal method using noncovalent bonding, here, polymer‐modified covalent organic framework materials (COFs) were rapidly prepared. PNIPAM‐modified COF (COF‐PNIPAM) was synthesized by electrostatic self‐assembly between COF prepared by low‐cost melamine and terephthalaldehyde and carboxyl‐terminated poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) prepared via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The carboxyl‐terminated PNIPAM was characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography and Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy (UV–vis). COF and COF‐PNIPAM were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopes, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, X‐Ray Diffractomer (XRD), and Brunner‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) measurements. The results showed that the COF‐PNIPAM was successfully prepared. The Pickering emulsion properties of the COF‐PNIPAM in a water‐to‐toluene mixed system were studied, and when the water‐to‐oil ratio is 2:1, a stable emulsion can be obtained. However, the results show that the PNIPAM chains of COF‐PNIPAM nearly lose their temperature responsiveness.
PLCε regulates metabolism and metastasis signaling via HIF‐1α/MEK/ERK pathway in prostate cancer
Authors: Fan Yanru , Ou Liping , Fan Jiaxin , Li Luo , Wang Xiao , Niu Lingfang , Wu Xiaohou , Luo Chunli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhospholipase C‐ε (PLCε) is frequently overexpressed in tumors and plays an important role in the regulation of tumorigenesis. Although great progress has been made in understanding biological roles of PLCε, the relevant molecular mechanisms underlying its pro‐tumor activity remain largely unclear. Here, we demonstrated that PLCε knockdown reduced cell metastasis, glucose consumption and lactate production in a manner that depended on hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) expression in prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, our findings showed that the expression levels of PLCε were positively associated with those of HIF‐1α in clinical prostate carcinoma samples. Knockdown of PLCε impaired HIF‐1α levels and transcriptional activity by regulating the extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase pathway, and blocking HIF‐1α nuclear translocation. Furthermore, PLCε could interact with the von Hippel–Lindau E3 ligase complex to modulate the stability of HIF‐1α. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PLCε could be a crucial positive regulator of HIF‐1α, which would promote PLCε‐enhanced tumorigenesis.
Evaluating the mechanism underlying antitumor effect of interleukin 27 on B cells of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
Authors: Manouchehri‐Doulabi Ehsan , Abbaspour Somaye , Rostami Shahrbano , Faranoush Mohammad , Ghahramanfard Farahnaz , Pak Fatemeh , Barati Mehdi , Kokhaei Parviz , Momtazi‐Borojeni Amir A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL) is a B‐cell malignancy resisted to apoptosis. Recently, some studies indicated that cytokines such as interleukin 27 (IL‐27) can reduce B‐cell proliferation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanism underlying the proapoptotic effect of IL‐27 on B cells of patients with CLL in comparison with B cells of normal subjects. The effect of IL‐27 on the antitumor activity of natural killer (NK) and T cells was also evaluated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 35 patients with CLL and 15 normal subjects. B cells and PBMCs were cocultured with IL‐27 and B cells apoptosis to evaluate proliferation. Both messenger RNA and protein expression of IL‐27 and IL‐27 receptor were determined using flow cytometry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. To evaluate the apoptotic effect of IL‐27 on B cells of patients with CLL, Annexin V‐FITC and 7‐AAD (BioLegend) fluorescent dyes were used. In addition, the IL‐27 effect on activation of T cell and NK cell was determined by determining CD96 molecule expression. IL‐27 and IL‐27 receptor expression in patients with CLL was significantly lower than that of normal subjects (p < .05). IL‐27 enhanced apoptosis of B cells in patients with CLL (p < .05) but this effect was not significantly observed in B cells of normal subjects (p > .05). Consequently, IL‐27 reduced the proliferation of B cells and enhanced NK cell activity (p < .05). IL‐27, through inducing apoptosis, can exert an inhibitory effect on cancer B cells of CLL patients with minimal effect on normal B cells.
Cortical Changes in Epilepsy Patients With Focal Cortical Dysplasia: New Insights With T2 Mapping
Authors: Ahmad Rida , Maiworm Michelle , Nöth Ulrike , Seiler Alexander , Hattingen Elke , Steinmetz Helmuth , Rosenow Felix , Deichmann Ralf , Wagner Marlies , Gracien René‐Maxime 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIn epilepsy patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) as the epileptogenic focus, global cortical signal changes are generally not visible on conventional MRI. However, epileptic seizures or antiepileptic medication might affect normal‐appearing cerebral cortex and lead to subtle damage.PurposeTo investigate cortical properties outside FCD regions with T2‐relaxometry.Study TypeProspective study.SubjectsSixteen patients with epilepsy and FCD and 16 age‐/sex‐matched healthy controls.Field Strength/Sequence3T, fast spin‐echo T2‐mapping, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and synthetic T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition of gradient‐echoes (MP‐RAGE) datasets derived from T1‐maps.AssessmentReconstruction of the white matter and cortical surfaces based on MP‐RAGE structural images was performed to extract cortical T2 values, excluding lesion areas. Three independent raters confirmed that morphological cortical/juxtacortical changes in the conventional FLAIR datasets outside the FCD areas were definitely absent for all patients. Averaged global cortical T2 values were compared between groups. Furthermore, group comparisons of regional cortical T2 values were performed using a surface‐based approach. Tests for correlations with clinical parameters were carried out.Statistical TestsGeneral linear model analysis, permutation simulations, paired and unpaired t‐tests, and Pearson correlations.ResultsCortical T2 values were increased outside FCD regions in patients (83.4 ± 2.1 msec, control group 81.4 ± 2.1 msec, P = 0.01). T2 increases were widespread, affecting mainly frontal, but also parietal and temporal regions of both hemispheres. Significant correlations were not observed (P ≥ 0.55) between cortical T2 values in the patient group and the number of seizures in the last 3 months or the number of anticonvulsive drugs in the medical history.Data ConclusionWidespread increases in cortical T2 in FCD‐associated epilepsy patients were found, suggesting that structural epilepsy in patients with FCD is not only a symptom of a focal cerebral lesion, but also leads to global cortical damage not visible on conventional MRI.Evidence Level21Technical efficacy Stage3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1783–1789.
Cohort Multicenter Study on the Role of Medications in Parenteral Nutrition–Related Alteration of Liver Function Tests in Adults
Authors: Mateu‐de Antonio Javier , Miana‐Mena María Teresa , Martínez‐Bernabé Eva , González‐Valdivieso Juan , Berlana David , Pons‐Bussom Montserrat , Murgadella‐Sancho Anna , Badia‐Tahull Maria B. , Martínez‐Castro Beatriz , Sunyer‐Esquerrà Neus , Sanmartin‐Suñer Mónica , Leiva‐Badosa Elisabet , Mirerachs‐Aranda Nuria , Vila‐Bundó Anna , Fernández‐Morató Jordi , Vitales‐Farrero María Teresa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to assess in non–critically‐ill adult inpatients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) the risk of developing liver function test (LFT) alterations when receiving concomitant possibly hepatotoxic medications or others reported to improve LFTs during PN.MethodsA multicenter retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed on patients receiving PN. Two groups were recruited: group LALT (patients with any LFT alterations during PN), and group NOLALT (patients without such alterations). Exclusion criteria were previous sepsis, shock, renal failure, hyperglycemia, LFT alteration, or biliopancreatic surgical procedures. Medications were classified into 2 categories: medications reported to improve LFTs during PN (n = 8) and possibly hepatotoxic medications (n = 54), including a subgroup of possibly highly hepatotoxic medications (n = 30).ResultsThe study included 200 patients, 136 (68.0%) in the LALT group. The groups differed in the number of patients requiring surgical intervention ≤7 days before PN (LALT, 94 [69.1%]; NOLALT, 29 [45.3%]; P < .002) and those receiving possibly hepatotoxic medications (LALT, 126 [92.6%]; NOLALT, 45 [70.3%]; P < .001). Variables in the final Cox regression model were possibly hepatotoxic medications, odds ratio (OR) 3.310 (1.678–6.530); surgical intervention prior to PN, OR 1.861 (1.277–2.711); baseline triglyceridemia, OR 1.005 (1.001–1.009); and creatinine, OR 1.861 (1.043–3.323).ConclusionsPatients who received PN and concomitantly possibly hepatotoxic medications had a 3‐fold risk of developing LFT alterations. Medications reported to improve LFTs had no effect. The use of possibly hepatotoxic medications during
PN was associated with LFT alterations.