bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐dependent changes in response property and morphology of a thermosensory neuron and thermotaxis behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Ting , Matsuyama Hironori J. , Tsukada Yuki , Singhvi Aakanksha , Syu Ru‐Ting , Lu Yun , Shaham Shai , Mori Ikue , Pan Chun‐Liang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAge‐dependent cognitive and behavioral deterioration may arise from defects in different components of the nervous system, including those of neurons, synapses, glial cells, or a combination of them. We find that AFD, the primary thermosensory neuron of Caenorhabditis elegans, in aged animals is characterized by loss of sensory ending integrity, including reduced actin‐based microvilli abundance and aggregation of thermosensory guanylyl cyclases. At the functional level, AFD neurons in aged animals are hypersensitive to high temperatures and show sustained sensory‐evoked calcium dynamics, resulting in a prolonged operating range. At the behavioral level, senescent animals display cryophilic behaviors that remain plastic to acute temperature changes. Excessive cyclase activity of the AFD‐specific guanylyl cyclase, GCY‐8, is associated with developmental defects in AFD sensory ending and cryophilic behavior. Surprisingly, loss of the GCY‐8 cyclase domain reduces these age‐dependent morphological and behavioral changes, while a prolonged AFD operating range still exists in gcy‐8 animals. The lack of apparent correlation between age‐dependent changes in the morphology or stimuli‐evoked response properties of primary sensory neurons and those in related behaviors highlights the importance of quantitative analyses of aging features when interpreting age‐related changes at structural and functional levels. Our work identifies aging hallmarks in AFD receptive ending, temperature‐evoked AFD responses, and experience‐based thermotaxis behavior, which serve as a foundation to further elucidate the neural basis of cognitive aging.
Aberrations in Incentive Learning and Responding to Heroin in Male Rats After Adolescent or Adult Chronic Binge‐Like Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Galaj Ewa , Barrera Eddy , Morris Debra , Ma Yao‐Ying , Ranaldi Robert 
Published: April 2020

Background and PurposeBinge drinking is a serious problem among adolescents and young adults despite its adverse consequences on the brain and behavior. One area that remains poorly understood concerns the impact of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure on incentive learning.MethodsHere, we examined the effects of CIE exposure during different developmental stages on conditioned approach and conditioned reward learning in rats experiencing acute or protracted withdrawal from alcohol. Two or 21 days after adolescent or adult CIE exposure, male rats were exposed to pairings of a light stimulus (CS) and food pellets for 3 consecutive daily sessions (30 CS‐food pellet pairings per session). This was followed by conditioned approach testing measuring responses (food trough head entries) to the CS‐only presentations and by conditioned reward testing measuring responses on a lever producing the CS and on another producing a tone. We then measured behavioral sensitization to repeated injections of heroin (2 mg/kg/d for 9 days).ResultsAdolescent and adult alcohol‐treated rats showed significantly impaired conditioned reward learning regardless of withdrawal period (acute or prolonged). We found no evidence of changes to conditioned approach learning after adolescent or adult exposure to CIE. Finally, in addition to producing long‐term impairments in incentive learning, CIE exposure enhanced locomotor activity in response to heroin and had no effect on behavioral sensitization to heroin regardless of age and withdrawal period.ConclusionsOur work sets a framework for identifying CIE‐induced alterations in incentive learning and inducing susceptibility to subsequent opioid effects.
The gut microbiome and inflammation in obsessive‐compulsive disorder patients compared to age‐ and sex‐matched controls: a pilot study
Authors: Turna J. , Grosman Kaplan K. , Anglin R. , Patterson B. , Soreni N. , Bercik P. , Surette M. G. , Van Ameringen M. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo compare the gut microbiome profile (by way of taxon analysis and indices of β‐ and α‐diversity) and inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein [CRP], interleukin‐6[IL‐6] and tumour necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α]) of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) outpatients and non‐psychiatric community controls.MethodsWe collected morning stool and blood samples from 21 non‐depressed, medication‐free OCD patients and 22 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐psychiatric community controls. Microbiota analysis was performed using Illumina sequencing of the V3 region of 16S rRNA; serum CRP samples were analysed using immunoturbidimetry and plasma IL‐6/TNF‐α were examined by high‐sensitivity ELISA. Multiple comparisons were corrected for using the false discovery rate (α = 0.05).ResultsCompared to controls, the OCD group presented lower species richness/evenness (α‐diversity, Inverse Simpson) and lower relative abundance of three butyrate producing genera (Oscillospira, Odoribacter and Anaerostipes). Compared to controls, mean CRP, but not IL‐6 and TNF‐α, was elevated OCD patients. CRP revealed moderate to strong associations with psychiatric symptomatology.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the gut microbiome in OCD. In addition, our findings lend further support for the potential association of inflammation and OCD. These results suggest the gut microbiome may be a potential pathway of interest for future OCD research.
Sugar intake and craving during alcohol withdrawal in alcohol use disorder inpatients
Authors: Alarcon Régis , Tiberghien Margaux , Trouillet Raphael , Pelletier Stéphanie , Luquiens Amandine , Ahmed Serge H. , Nalpas Bertrand , Alaux‐Cantin Stéphanie , Naassila Mickaël , Perney Pascal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo assess whether changes in sugar intake and craving occur during alcohol withdrawal in humans, we conducted a prospective, observational study in a university hospital addictions treatment center. Recruited patients had severe alcohol use disorder and were hospitalized for 7 days in the short‐stay unit for alcohol withdrawal and then for 6 weeks in the rehabilitation unit. During the hospital stay, they had no access to alcohol but had full access to sweet products and beverages in a shop and vending machines located inside the hospital. Alcohol craving was assessed using a visual analogue scale on Days 1, 15, and 45. Sugar craving, sweet products stored by patients in their rooms, and weight were assessed on the same days. Thirty‐five patients were included. Sugar craving increased in 14 patients during the hospital stay, whereas no change was observed in the remaining 21. Significant increases in both the amounts of sweet products stored in the patients' rooms (p < 0.02) and weight (p < 0.05) were observed only in the sugar craving group. During the same period, alcohol craving decreased significantly in all patients. Changes in tobacco smoking were not different according to the sugar craving status and therefore cannot explain the observed differences. In conclusion, increased intake and craving for sugar after alcohol withdrawal were observed in 40% of the patients included in our prospective study, and these results were similar to those of a study conducted in the alcohol post‐dependent state model in rats.
On the stability and the progression of gambling problems: longitudinal relations between different problems related to gambling
Authors: Sleczka Pawel , Romild Ulla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsIn psychiatric diagnosis, different symptoms of gambling problems are usually aggregated into a single indicator of disorder severity, which has resulted in a knowledge gap on the specific roles of the different issues with which some gamblers struggle. This study estimated the association between baseline symptoms of gambling problems and (i) other symptoms, (ii) the overall severity of gambling problems after 12 months, and the estimated stability rates of various gambling problems after (iii) 12 months and (iv) 5 years. Design and Setting Secondary analysis of data derived from the Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study (SWELOGS), a prospective representative cohort study conducted between 2008 and 2014 in Sweden.ParticipantsA total of 8165 respondents from 16–84 years of age recruited in a stratified random sampling procedure. Among them, 6021 answered the 1‐year follow‐up survey and 3559 answered the 5‐year follow‐up survey.MeasurementsNine symptoms related to gambling were assessed using the Problem Gambling Severity Index (excessive gambling, tolerance, chasing, loans, insight, health problems, criticism, financial problems, and guilt).FindingsExcessive gambling, tolerance, chasing, loans and guilt significantly increased the risk of a range of other symptoms. Chasing and tolerance also tripled the risk of transitioning to more severe gambling problems (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = [1.5–5.5], P = 0.001 and OR = 2.7, 95% CI = [1.6–4.5], P < 0.001, respectively). Stability rates of the different symptoms ranged between 22% (95% CI = [12–31%]) and 42% (95% CI = [35–48%]) after 1 year and 3% (95% CI = [0–10%]) and 19% (95% CI = [7–30%]) after 5 years with chasing being the most stable problem (42% [95% CI = (35–48%)] after 1 year and 17% [95% CI = (6–28%)] after 5 years).ConclusionsIn psychiatric diagnosis, four symptoms of problem gambling (chasing, tolerance, excessive gambling and guilt) appear to have prognostic validity in assessing gambling‐related risk. The symptoms of tolerance and chasing appear to increase the risk of progressing to more severe gambling problems.
Cytokine mRNA and protein expression by cell cultures of epithelial ovarian cancer—Methodological considerations on the choice of analytical method for cytokine analyses
Authors: Israelsson Pernilla , Dehlin Eva , Nagaev Ivan , Lundin Eva , Ottander Ulrika , Mincheva‐Nilsson Lucia 
Published: April 2020

ProblemTo get a comprehensive picture of cytokine expression in health and disease is difficult, cytokines are transiently and locally expressed, and protein analyses are burdened by biological modifications, technical issues, and sensitivity to handling of samples. Thus, alternative methods, based on molecular techniques for cytokine mRNA analyses, are often used. We compared cytokine mRNA and protein expression to evaluate whether cytokine mRNA profiles can be used instead of protein analyses.Method of studyIn kinetic experiments, cytokine mRNA and protein expression of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, and TNF‐β/LTA were studied using real‐time RT‐qPCR and Luminex® microarrays in the ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR‐3, SKOV‐3 and the T‐cell line Jurkat, after activation of transcription by thermal stress. In addition, we analyzed IL‐6 and IL‐8 mRNA and protein in a small number of ovarian cancer patients.ResultsOvarian cancer cells can express cytokines on both mRNA and protein level, with 1‐4 hours’ time delay between the mRNA and protein peak and a negative Spearman correlation. The mRNA and protein expression in patient samples was poorly correlated, reflecting previous studies.ConclusionCytokine mRNA and protein expression levels show diverging results, depending on the material analyzed and the method used. Considering the high sensitivity and reproducibility of real‐time RT‐qPCR, we suggest that cytokine mRNA profiles could be used as a proxy for protein expression for some specific purposes, such as comparisons between different patient groups, and in defining mechanistic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cancer and other pathological conditions.
Prospective evaluation of the uterocervical angle as a predictor of spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Farràs Llobet Alba , Higueras Teresa , Calero Inés Z. , Regincós Martí Laia , Maiz Nerea , Goya María M. , Carreras Elena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe uterocervical angle has been proposed as an ultrasound marker to predict spontaneous preterm birth; however, the studies that provided this evidence were retrospective and their results heterogeneous. This study aimed to assess the ability of the uterocervical angle to predict spontaneous preterm birth before 34 and 37 weeks of gestation.Material and methodsA prospective cohort study with singleton pregnancies between 19.0 and 22.6 weeks of gestation. Uterocervical angle and cervical length were measured by transvaginal ultrasound. Maternal history and pregnancy data were recorded. Delivery data were subsequently collected.ResultsThe final analysis included 1453 singleton pregnancies. Spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks occurred in 52 cases (3.6%) and before 34 weeks in 17 (1.2%). For the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks, the area under the curve for the uterocervical angle was 0.67 (95% CI 0.54‐0.79) and the detection rates were 5.9% and 23.5% for fixed false‐positive rates of 5% and 10%, respectively. For the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks, the area under the curve was 0.58 (95% CI 0.50‐0.67) and the detection rates were 5.8% and 18% for fixed false‐positive rates of 5% and 10%, respectively. Combined predictive models were studied. To predict spontaneous preterm birth before 34 weeks, the best model was provided by a combination of uterocervical angle and cervical length (area under the curve 0.72; 95% CI 0.58‐0.86). The detection rates of this model were 35.3% and 41.2% for fixed false‐positive rates of 5% and 10%, respectively. To predict spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation, the best model was provided by a combination of uterocervical angle, cervical length, and previous history of spontaneous preterm birth (area under the curve 0.64; 95% CI 0.55‐0.72). The detection rates of this model were 15.4% and 30.8% for fixed false‐positive rates of 5% and 10%, respectively. Obese women and those with a history of cesarean section had a wider uterocervical angle.ConclusionsThe uterocervical angle, measured mid‐trimester, is a poor predictor of spontaneous preterm birth.
Paediatricians provide higher quality care to children and adolescents in primary care: A systematic review
Authors: Aparicio Rodrigo María , Ruiz Canela Juan , Buñuel Álvarez Jose Cristóbal , García Vera César , Esparza Olcina Maria Jesús , Barroso Espadero Domingo , González Rodríguez Paz , Juanes Toledo Blanca , Martínez Rubio Victoria , Ortega Páez Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe number of primary care paediatricians is decreasing in Europe without a justifiable reason. We aimed to compare the clinical practice of paediatricians and family doctors attending children and adolescents in primary care.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, TRIP and Google Scholar were searched from December 2008 to February 2018. No language or study design restrictions were applied. Three reviewers assessed eligibility of the studies. Seven pairs of reviewers performed the data extraction and assessed the methodological quality independently. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus.ResultsFifty‐four, out of 1150 studies preselected, were included. We found that paediatricians show more appropriate pharmacology prescription patterns for the illness being treated; they achieve higher vaccination rates and have better knowledge of vaccines and fewer doubts about vaccine safety; their knowledge and implementation of different screening tests are better; they prescribe psychoactive drugs more cautiously and more in line with current practice guidelines; their evaluation and treatment of obesity and lipid disorders follow criteria more consistently with current clinical practice guidelines; and they perform fewer diagnostic test, show a more suitable use of the test and request fewer referrals to specialists.ConclusionAccording to published data, in developed countries, paediatricians provide higher quality care to children than family doctors.
Reactive oxygen species in renal vascular function
Authors: Xu Nan , Jiang Shan , Persson Pontus B. , Persson Erik A. G. , Lai En Yin , Patzak Andreas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the aerobic metabolism. The imbalance between production of ROS and antioxidant defence in any cell compartment is associated with cell damage and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal disease. NADPH oxidase (NOX) family is the major ROS source in the vasculature and modulates renal perfusion. Upregulation of Ang II and adenosine activates NOX via AT1R and A1R in renal microvessels, leading to superoxide production. Oxidative stress in the kidney prompts renal vascular remodelling and increases preglomerular resistance. These are key elements in hypertension, acute and chronic kidney injury, as well as diabetic nephropathy. Renal afferent arterioles (Af), the primary resistance vessel in the kidney, fine tune renal hemodynamics and impact on blood pressure. Vice versa, ROS increase hypertension and diabetes, resulting in upregulation of Af vasoconstriction, enhancement of myogenic responses and change of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), which further promotes hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. In the following, we highlight oxidative stress in the function and dysfunction of renal hemodynamics. The renal microcirculatory alterations brought about by ROS importantly contribute to the pathophysiology of kidney injury, hypertension and diabetes.
Overall justice and supervisor conscientiousness: Implications for ethical leadership and employee self‐esteem
Authors: Rice Darryl B. , Young Nicole C. J. , Johnson Devante , Walton Rayshawn , Stacy Sydney 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch on organizational justice demonstrates its consistent effect on employee organization‐based self‐esteem. However, little research considers how organizational justice affects employee organization‐based self‐esteem and when the relationship is attenuated. In an effort to extend the research regarding this particular relationship, we draw on social cognitive theory to suggest that supervisors’ perceptions of overall organizational justice trickle down to impact employees’ organization‐based self‐esteem. Specifically, we propose that supervisory ethical leadership mediates this relationship. We also examine the moderating influence of supervisor conscientiousness on this proposed trickle‐down effect. We analyze these relationships in a multisource field study and find support for the mediating effect of supervisory ethical leadership and the proposed moderated mediation model. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Repeated measures random forests (RMRF): Identifying factors associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia
Authors: Calhoun Peter , Levine Richard A. , Fan Juanjuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNocturnal hypoglycemia is a common phenomenon among patients with diabetes and can lead to a broad range of adverse events and complications. Identifying factors associated with hypoglycemia can improve glucose control and patient care. We propose a repeated measures random forest (RMRF) algorithm that can handle nonlinear relationships and interactions and the correlated responses from patients evaluated over several nights. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm captures the informative variable more often than naïvely assuming independence. RMRF also outperforms standard random forest and extremely randomized trees algorithms. We demonstrate scenarios where RMRF attains greater prediction accuracy than generalized linear models. We apply the RMRF algorithm to analyze a diabetes study with 2524 nights from 127 patients with type 1 diabetes. We find that nocturnal hypoglycemia is associated with HbA1c, bedtime blood glucose (BG), insulin on board, time system activated, exercise intensity, and daytime hypoglycemia. The RMRF can accurately classify nights at high risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia.
Banning mobile phones from classrooms—An opportunity to advance understandings of technology addiction, distraction and cyberbullying
Authors: Selwyn Neil , Aagaard Jesper 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is now an emerging worldwide trend for mobile phones being banned from classrooms and schools. While some academics working in the area of educational technology have raised concerns, many others have so far failed to respond to what is a significant shift in the ongoing development of digital education. The paper considers how academic researchers and other educational technology stakeholders can respond to what might be perceived as the curtailment of some forms of digital education. In particular, the paper argues that this current turn away from digital devices offers an opportunity to advance understandings about a number of seemingly problematic issues regarding the continued use of digital technologies in schools. In particular, the paper reconsiders five such areas of concern that are associated with banning phones from school: (1) technology addition; (2) digital distraction; (3) cyberbullying; (4) surveillance capitalism; and (5) environmental sustainability of digital education.
Innovation in chimpanzees
Authors: Bandini Elisa , Harrison Rachel A. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe study of innovation in non‐human animals (henceforth: animals) has recently gained momentum across fields including primatology, animal behaviour and cultural evolution. Examining the rate of innovations, and the cognitive mechanisms driving these innovations across species, can provide insights into the evolution of human culture. Especially relevant to the study of human culture is one of our closest living relatives, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Both wild and captive chimpanzees demonstrate an impressive ability to innovate solutions to novel problems, but also a striking level of conservatism in some contexts, creating a unique and at times puzzling, picture of animal innovation. Whilst the animal innovation field is rife with potential for expanding our knowledge of human and non‐human cognition and problem‐solving, it is undermined by a lack of consistency across studies. The field is yet to settle on a definition of the term ‘innovation’, leading to studies being incomparable across and even within the same species. Here, we fill two gaps in the literature. First, we discuss some of the most prevalent definitions of ‘innovation’ from different fields, highlighting similarities and differences between them. Secondly, we provide an up‐to‐date review of accounts of innovations in both wild and captive chimpanzees. We hope this review will provide a resource for researchers interested in the study of innovation in chimpanzees and other animals, as well as emphasising the need for consistency in the way in which innovations are reported.