bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant diversity enhances production and downward transport of biodegradable dissolved organic matter
Authors: Lange Markus , Roth Vanessa‐Nina , Eisenhauer Nico , Roscher Christiane , Dittmar Thorsten , Fischer‐Bedtke Christine , González Macé Odette , Hildebrandt Anke , Milcu Alexandru , Mommer Liesje , Oram Natalie J. , Ravenek Janneke , Scheu Stefan , Schmid Bernhard , Strecker Tanja , Wagg Cameron , Weigelt Alexandra , Gleixner Gerd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Plant diversity is an important driver of below‐ground ecosystem functions, such as root growth, soil organic matter (SOM) storage and microbial metabolism, mainly by influencing the interactions between plant roots and soil. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), as the most mobile form of SOM, plays a crucial role for a multitude of soil processes that are central for ecosystem functioning. Thus, DOM is likely to be an important mediator of plant diversity effects on soil processes. However, the relationships between plant diversity and DOM have not been studied so far.

We investigated the mechanisms underlying plant diversity effects on concentrations of DOM using continuous soil water sampling across 6 years and 62 plant communities in a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany. Furthermore, we investigated plant diversity effects on the molecular properties of DOM in a subset of the samples.

Although DOM concentrations were highly variable over the course of the year with highest concentrations in summer and autumn, we found that DOM concentrations consistently increased with plant diversity across seasons. The positive plant diversity effect on DOM concentrations was mainly mediated by increased microbial activity and newly sequestered carbon in topsoil. However, the effect of soil microbial activity on DOM concentrations differed between seasons, indicating DOM consumption in winter and spring, and DOM production in summer and autumn. Furthermore, we found increased contents of small and easily decomposable DOM molecules reaching deeper soil layers with high plant diversity.

Synthesis. Our findings suggest that plant diversity enhances the continuous downward transport of DOM in multiple ways. On the one hand, higher plant diversity results in higher DOM concentrations, on the other hand, this DOM is less degraded. This study indicates, for the first time, that higher plant diversity enhances the downward transport of dissolved molecules that likely stimulate soil development in deeper layers and therefore increase soil fertility.
Remnants of Earth's Oldest Continental Crust Formed by Subduction
Authors: GE Rongfeng , ZHU Wenbin , WILDE Simon A. , WU Hailin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEoarchean (3.6 – 4.0 Ga) tonalite – trondhjemite – granodiorite (TTG) are the major component of Earth's oldest persevered continental crust, thereby holding the key to understanding how continental crust originated and when plate tectonics started in the early Earth. TTGs are mostly generated by partial melting of hydrated mafic rocks at different depths (e.g., Moyen and Martin, 2012), but whether this requires subduction remains enigmatic (e.g., Palin et al., 2016). Recent studies show that most early Archean TTGs formed at relatively low pressures (≤1.5 GPa) and do not require subduction (e.g., Johnson et al., 2017). We have identified a suite of Eoarchean tonalitic gneisses dated at ∼3.7 Ga from the Tarim Craton, northwestern China (Ge et al., 2018). These rocks are probably the oldest high‐pressure TTGs so far documented worldwide. Thermodynamic and trace element modelling demonstrates that the parent magma may have been generated by water‐fluxed partial melting of moderately enriched arc‐like basalts at 1.8–1.9 GPa and 800–830 °C, indicating an apparent geothermal gradient (400–450°C GPa ‐1) typical for hot subduction zones. They also locally record geochemical evidence for magma interaction with a mantle wedge. Accordingly, we propose that these high‐pressure TTGs were generated by partial melting of a subducted proto‐arc during arc accretion. Our model implies that modern‐style plate tectonics was operative, at least locally, at ∼3.7 Ga and was responsible for generating some of the oldest continental nuclei.
Peridotites and Chromitites from the Dingqing Ophiolite in the Eastern Segment of Bangong–Nujiang Suture Zone, Tibet: Occurrence Characteristics and Classifications
Authors: LI Guanlong , YANG Jingsui , BO Rongzhong , LIU Fei , RUI Huichao , XIONG Fahui , GUO Tengfei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Dingqing ophiolite is located in the eastern segment of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone. This suture zone is W–E trending parallel with the Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone and is an strategic area for exploring chromite deposits in China. The Dingqign ophiolite is distributed in near SE‐NW direction. According to the spatial distribution, the Dingqing ophiolite is sudivided into two massifs, including the East and the West massifs. The Dingqing ophiolite covers an area of nearly 600 km2. This ophiolite is composed of peridotite, pyroxenite, gabbro, diabase, basalt, plagiogranite and chert (Fig. 1).The peridotite is the main lithology of the Dingqing ophiolite. The peridotite covers about 90% of the total area of the Dingqing ophiolite. The Dingqing ophiolite is dominated by harzburgite with a small amounts of dunite. The Dingqing harzburgite displays different textures, such as massive, Taxitic, oriented and spherulitic textures (Fig. 2d–i). These four types of harzburgite occur in both the East and West massifs, especially in the Laraka area of the eastern part of the East massif. Dunites have different occurrences in the field outcrops, such as lenticular or strip‐shaped, thin‐shell and agglomerate varieties (Fig. 2a–c).On the basis of detailed field work, we have discovered 83 chromitite bodies, including 27 in the East massif and 56 in the West massif. According to the occurrence scale and quantity of the chromitite bodies, we have identified four prospecting areas, namely Laraka, Latanguo, Langda and Nazona. Chromitites in the Dingqing ophiolite show different textures, including massive, disseminated, veined and disseminated‐banded textures (Fig. 3). On the basis of the Cr# (=Cr/(Cr+Al)×100) of chromite, we have classified the Dingqing chromitite into high‐Cr, medium high chromium type, medium chromium type and low chromium type chromitite (Figs. 4, 5). Among them, low chromium type chromitite Cr# is extremely low, ranging from 9.23 to 14.01, with an average of 11.89; TiO2 content is 0.00% to 0.04%, and the average value is 0.01%, which may be a new output type of chromitite.These different types of chromitites have different associations/assemblages of mineral inclusions. The inclusions in high chromium type chromitite are mainly clinopyroxene and a small amount of olivine; medium high chromium chromitite are mainly amphibole, a small amount of clinopyroxene and phlogopite; while low‐chromium chromite rarely develops mineral inclusions, and micron‐sized clinopyroxene inclusions are common in olivines which are gangue mineral in it.These different types of chromite ore bodies have a certain correspondence with the field output, and may also restrict their genesis. This part will be further developed in the follow‐up work.
Discovery and Geological Significance of Early Carboniferous High‐Mg Diorite in the Balikun Area, Eastern Tianshan
Authors: LUO Jinglan , WANG Chong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe granodiorites, monzogranites and diorites are widely developed in the Balikun area of Eastern Tianshan Orogen. Of which, LA–ICP–MS zircon U‐Pb isotopic dating from the diorites revealed that they were emplaced at 327∼333 Ma, representing an important period of magmatism in the Early Carboniferous. Geochemically, they are characterized by moderate SiO2 (51.33–62.48 wt%), high but variable MgO (2.04–11.16 wt%, average 5.35), higher Mg# (40–73) and TiO2 (0.67–1.29 wt%), Na2O/K2O (1.39–2.95) as well as variable Cr (2.49–675 ppm) and Ni (1.31–174 ppm), showing a geochemistry similar to those of high‐Mg diorites or sanukitoids. In addition, they are enriched in the LILE, poor HFSE with an evident negative Nb anomalies and a REE pattern of moderate fractionator between LREE and HREE without or weak negative Eu anomalies. Their ∊Hf(t) are positive (+3.63–+15.65), suggesting a source from the depleted mantle. In addition, they have high TiO2 and Pb, and large quantity of amphibolite and biotite, indicating that they were most likely derived from the partial melting of depleted mantle metasomatized by the slab‐derived melt under a hydrous condition. Consequently, combined with the contemporary volcanics and granitoids formed in the island arc settings, we proposed that the subduction was continued till Early Carboniferous in the Bogda‐Harlik tectonic belt. After that, wide occurrence of the post‐collisional A‐type granites and mafic‐ultramafic intrusions indicate this tectonic belt entered the post‐collisional environment from Late Carboniferous to Permian.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of Gabbros from Moa‐Baracoa Ophiolitic Massif, Eastern Cuba: Implication for Early Cretaceous SSZ Magmatism
Authors: RUI Huichao , YANG Jingsui , WU Weiwei , LIAN Dongyang , QIU Tian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA series ophiolitic massifs in the northeastern part of Cuba are generally considered to be relics of proto‐Caribbean or Caribbean lithosphere, emplaced during Paleogene collision of the NW Caribbean and North American plates (Iturralde‐Vinent et al., 2016). However, neither their age nor their geodynamic settings are well constrained. They are generally considered to be Creataceous in age but they have been interpreted as having formed in a back‐arc basin, forearc basin or plume setting (e.g. Giunta et al., 2009; Marchesi et al., 2016; Kerr et al., 1999). The Moa‐Baracoa ophiolitic massif consists of mantle harzburgite, a Moho transition zone, layered and isotropic gabbro, and pillow basalts. The isotropic gabbros, collected west of Moa (20°35′ 17.99″N, 75°02′56.58″W), are composed mainly of subhedral plagioclase and subhedral to euhedral clinopyroxene with minor primary brown amphibole. The plagioclase grains are fresh, whereas the clinopyroxene very weakly altered and partly replaced by secondary amphibole. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircon grains separated from isotropic gabbro display oscillatory zoning and broad zoning, analogous to typical igneous zircon in gabbro. Ten zircon grains with oscillatory zoning in CL images yielded a mean U‐Pb SHRIMP age of 136.7±1.8 Ma. Isotropic gabbro samples have low SiO2 (47.22 wt%–49.25 wt%), TiO2 (0.13wt%–0.26 wt%) and K2O (0.04 wt%–0.08 wt%) and high MgO (8.22 wt%–16.72 wt%), Cr (1337–2065 μg/g) and Ni (192–507 μg/g) contents. Their CaO, Al2O3 and Na2O contents vary from 13.56 wt% to 15.78 wt%, 14.98 wt% to 21.98 wt%, and 0.71 wt% to 1.87 wt%, respectively. In the SiO2 versus Zr/TiO2∗0.0001 diagram, the samples plot in the sub‐alkaline basalt field but show calc‐alkaline affinities in the FeOT/MgO vs. SiO2 diagram. The gabbros contain low REE contents (ΣREE = 4.71–7.71), and their chondrite normalized REE patterns show very weak depletion in light REE (LREE, (La/Yb)N = 0.34–0.50) and flat heavy REE (HREE, (Gd/Yb)N = 1.02–1.15) profiles, with slightly positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu∗ = 1.55–1.76) suggesting magmatic accumulation of plagioclase. Furthermore, all samples are depleted in Nb and Th, and enriched in Ba, Pb and Sr in the primitive mantle‐normalized trace element diagram. Geochemical features, such as high values of Ba/La (30–38) and low Th/Yb (0.02–0.03), medium values of (Ta/La)PM (0.30–0.35) and (Hf/Sm)PM (0.58–0.80), indicate enrichment by slab‐derived fluids and subduction‐related metasomatism. These isotropic gabbros are geochemically comparable with those of the Kermanshah and Neyriz ophiolites of Iran (Monsef et al., 2018) that are thought to have originated in a SSZ environment. Therefore, we suggest that the isotropic gabbros in the Moa‐Baracoa massif crystallized from early Cretaceous SSZ magmas that were most likely derived from a mantle source metasomatized by slab fluids in a suprasubduction zone environment.
Episodic Melt Percolating and Chromite Mineralization in Yushigou Peridotite, North Qilian Suture Zone
Authors: ZHOU Xiang , ZHENG Jianping , ZHU Hui , Yibing Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHarzburgite‐dunite associations are the dominant type of ultramafic heterogeneities in the exhumed peridotites. Although the dunite network are usually small in volume of exposed mantle rocks, their mineral structures and chemical variations are widely observed in various tectonic environments and record complex mantle evolution. The Yushigou peridotite complex displays a 25 km2 mantle section belonging to a partly dismembered ophiolite in North Qilian suture zone, northwest China. It is mostly composed of depleted spinel harzburgite re‐equilibrated at temperatures of 900 °C, contain dunite veins and minor podiform chromite at its Moho level.Here we report the petrological observations and mineral chemical analyses of harzburgite‐dunite associations in the Yushigou peridotite complex. Based on the data we classified high Cr # (51–74) and low Cr# (19–34) dunite veins in this Yushigou complex. The podiform chromite are mainly high Cr# affinity and are production of melt‐harzburgite interaction. There are three main microstructures recorded the episodic melt‐rock interaction process: (1) complex spinel mineral inclusions both in harzburgite and two kind of dunite record widespread melt percolating. The observed primary inclusions (not related to later low temperature fluid activities) including hydrous and anhydrous silicates and minor sulphides, such as PGE and Fe‐Cu‐Ni related sulfidies, olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole and phlogopite. (2) In all dunite samples, clinopyroxene dominated sieve‐textured rims around spinel are more abundant and more thicken than the harzburgite; implying stained/pulsated melt supply after the chromite crystallization. (3) Millimeter scale veined reaction patches in some dunite samples consist of clinopyroxene, amphibole, phlogopite, Fe‐Ni sulfidies and carbonates. Such metasomatic minerals assemblages may response for the later fluid infiltration after chromite mineralization. All these petrological observations and mineral chemical compositions (major and trace element contents) thus provide a wealth of information on the pathways of migrating melts in the mantle wedge, and provide constrain on nature and evolution of the uprising magma. Strong enrichment of incompatible trace elements in dunite clinopyroxene (LREE/HREE >10) possible reflect a slab origin of the percolating melt which is not observed elsewhere participating in chromite forming.
Comparison of Redox States between the Ultramafic Bodies of Xigaze and Luobusha Ophiolites, Tibet, China
Authors: ZHU Xiangkun , HE Yuan , SHE Yuwei , WAN Hongqing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe tectonic setting of podiform chromitite formation still remains highly debated. There is a close correlation between tectonic settings and oxygen fugacity (fO2) (e.g., Ballhaus, 1993; Dare et al., 2009; Parkinson and Arculus, 1999). Here we present results of fO2 of chromites determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy from both the Luobusha and Dazhuqu areas along Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, Southern Tibet.The fO2 values (−1.02∼0.04 log units against the FMQ buffer) and Cr# (22∼54%) in chromites from lherzolites and harzburgites of both areas are similar to those of abyssal peridotites, indicating that they may be residues after partial melting at spreading centers. However, both dunite envelopes and chromitites from Luobusha have high fO2 values (0.04∼2.25 log units) and Cr# (73∼84%), showing an affinity to boninitic melts, and thus form in a suprasubduction zone. Dazhuqu dunites show diverse fO2 values (−0.22∼2.19 log units) and Cr# (22∼82%), indicating that they form in distinct settings. Chromitites and chromite dunites from Dazhuqu have low fO2 values (−0.3∼0.71 log units) and Cr# (16∼63%), both of which are similar to those of MORB‐like basalts, inferring that they form in an extensional setting. Both high‐Cr and high‐Al chromitites from other typical podiform chromite ore deposits, such as Kempirsai, Oman, and Albania ophiolites, also show high fO2 values (e.g., Chashchukhin and Votyakov, 2009; Melcher et al., 1997; Quintiliani et al., 2006; Rollinson and Adetunji, 2015), while the distribution‐limited small chromitites and chromite dunites from Dazhuqu exhibit low fO2 values. The phenomenon infers that the suprasubduction zone is more beneficial to the formation of podiform chromitites.
Pregnancy outcomes for women with a history of stroke: A population‐based record linkage study
Authors: Austin Kathryn , Seeho Sean , Ibiebele Ibinabo , Ford Jane , Morris Jonathan , Torvaldsen Siranda 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundLittle is known about the pregnancy outcomes of women who have had a stroke prior to a first pregnancy.AimTo identify a cohort of primiparous women giving birth to a single baby and compare the pregnancy outcomes of those with a pre‐pregnancy stroke hospitalisation record to those without a stroke hospitalisation record.Materials and MethodsRecord linkage study of all primiparous women aged 15–44 years with singleton pregnancies birthing in New South Wales, Australia from 2003 to 2015. Stroke was identified from 2001 to 2015 hospital data using International Classification of Diseases tenth Edition – Australian Modification codes I60–64. Women whose first hospital record of stroke was during pregnancy or <42 days after birth were excluded. Outcomes included diabetes or hypertension during pregnancy, mode of delivery, haemorrhage, severe maternal morbidity (validated composite outcome indicator), gestational age at birth, Apgar score (1 min < 7), and small‐for‐gestational age.ResultsOf 487 767 women with a first pregnancy, 124 (2.5/10 000) had a hospital record which included a pre‐pregnancy stroke diagnosis. Women with a stroke history were more likely to have an early‐term delivery (37–38 weeks; relative risk (RR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.17–1.90) and a pre‐labour caesarean (RR 2.83, 95% CI 2.20–3.63). There were no significant differences in other maternal or neonatal outcomes.ConclusionThis is the largest reported study of pregnancy and birth outcomes for women with a history of stroke. With the exception of pre‐labour caesarean, there were no differences in pregnancy outcomes for women with a history of stroke compared with women with no history of stroke.
Cumulative Precarity: Millennial Experience and Multigenerational Cohabitation in Hackney, London
Authors: Taylor Faith MacNeil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article interrogates and expands understandings of millennial economic insecurity by focusing on the experiences of three people living in socially rented accommodation with their families of origin in Hackney, London. Taking into account the legacies of state violence that racialise Britain’s political economy, I argue that millennial precarity requires theorisation across multiple temporalities in order to account for cumulative, intergenerational experience as well as intergenerational dissonance. This article focuses on the affective work required to mediate cumulative precarity with familial relationships, with an emphasis on the ways that participants arduously—yet artfully—weave between multiple temporal scales of experience within concentrated shared space in order to care for and communicate with their family members. Through synthesising geographical scholarship on generational experience, everyday experiences of policy and the spaces of precarious labour, this paper contributes to expanding economic geography’s engagement with ongoing histories of coloniality in the UK.
The impact of ABCB1 and CES1 polymorphisms on dabigatran pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ji Qiuyi , Zhang Chunyu , Xu Qing , Wang Zi , Li Xiaoye , Lv Qianzhou 
Published: November 2020

AimsOur study aimed to determine the impact of genetic polymorphisms of ABCB1 and CES1 on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of dabigatran in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).MethodsWe conducted a prospective study and enrolled NVAF patients treated with dabigatran. Blood samples were obtained from each patient and used for genotyping and determination of plasma dabigatran concentration (PDC) and coagulation parameters including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time. Patients' demographics and clinical outcomes from scheduled follow‐up visits were all recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the PK/PD and bleeding risk of dabigatran.ResultsA total of 198 patients were included in analysis. For the ABCB1 polymorphisms rs4148738 and rs1045642, no significant association was found with dabigatran PK/PD. For the CES1 polymorphism rs8192935, the minor allele(C) was associated with increased trough PDCs (ANOVA: P < .001; CC vs. TT genotype, P < .001; CT vs. TT genotype, P = .014) and with APTT values at trough level (P = .015). For the CES1 polymorphism rs2244613, the minor allele(A) carriers had higher levels of trough PDC than noncarriers (ANOVA: P < .001; AA vs. CC genotype, P < .001; CA vs. CC genotype, P = .004) and increased risk for minor bleeding (P = .034; odds ratio = 2.71, 95% confidence interval 1.05–7.00).ConclusionOur study indicated that the minor allele(C) on the CES1 SNP rs8192935 was associated with PDCs and APTT values at trough level. The minor allele(A) on the CES1 SNP rs2244613 was associated with increased trough PDCs and higher risk for minor bleeding in NVAF patients treated with dabigatran.
Poisoning related to therapeutic error in prolonged low‐dose methotrexate treatment
Authors: Schicchi Azzurra , Scaravaggi Giulia , Petrolini Valeria M. , Malovini Alberto , Lonati Davide , Crevani Marta , Buscaglia Eleonora , Locatelli Carlo A. 
Published: November 2020

AimsTo study the predictive factors for the development of clinical manifestations in poisoning due to the erroneous taking of low‐dose methotrexate (MTX).MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed. Only cases of erroneous administration in non‐oncologic outpatients were included (July 2008‐March 2020).ResultsForty‐one cases were included. All patients were taking MTX for the first time. In 36 cases, patients took MTX daily instead of weekly. In the other five patients, MTX was sold instead of methylergometrine. Clinical manifestations were absent in 12/41 patients (29.3%). All 29 (70.7%) symptomatic patients recognized the medication error when they developed clinical manifestations: dermatological, haematological and gastrointestinal symptoms. Statistical results showed that symptomatic patients were older, received a higher amount of total dose and were treated for longer. Moreover, the probability of being symptomatic increases as a function of age and of total dose. Asymptomatic patients were treated with folinic acid (30 mg/m2/day) for 5 days. Symptomatic patients were treated with folinic acid together with treatments for the specific clinical manifestations. No patients were treated with glucarpidase. All patients fully recovered.ConclusionsWhen MTX is prescribed for the first time, it is important to clearly communicate with patients to avoid therapeutic errors. In our experience, age, total dose taken and number of days of assumption are predictive for the presence/absence of clinical manifestations. These parameters must be evaluated together to identify patients needing maximum starting treatment with folinic acid and closer monitoring.