bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Reef Fish Community Structure Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Authors: Lewis Justin P. , Tarnecki Joseph H. , Garner Steven B. , Chagaris David D. , Patterson William F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLarge-scale anthropogenic disturbances can have direct and indirect effects on marine communities, with direct effects often taking the form of widespread injury or mortality and indirect effects manifesting as changes in food web structure. Here, we report a time series that captures both direct and indirect effects of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DWH) on northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) reef fish communities. We observed significant changes in community structure immediately following the DWH, with a 38% decline in species richness and 26% decline in Shannon-Weiner diversity. Initial shifts were driven by widespread declines across a range of trophic guilds, with subsequent recovery unevenly distributed among guilds and taxa. For example, densities of small demersal invertivores, small demersal browsers, generalist carnivores, and piscivores remained persistently low with little indication of recovery seven years after the DWH. Initial declines among these guilds occurred prior to the arrival of the now-widespread, invasive lionfish (Pterois spp.), but their lack of recovery suggests lionfish predation may be affecting recovery. Factors affecting persistently low densities of generalist carnivores and piscivores are not well understood but warrant further study given the myriad ecosystem services provided by nGoM reef fishes.
Season of birth and sugary beverages are predictors of Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices Scores in adolescents
Authors: Al-Sabah Reem , Al-Taiar Abdullah , Rahman Abdur , Shaban Lemia , Al-Harbi Anwar , Mojiminiyi Olusegun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo investigate factors associated with cognitive functioning in healthy adolescents, a school-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 1370 adolescents aged 11–16 years that were randomly selected from all governorates of Kuwait. Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), a non-verbal test of intelligence, was used to measure cognitive functioning of the study participants. Data on predictors of cognitive functioning were collected from parents and adolescents. Weight and height of the participants were measured in a standardized manner and blood samples were tested in an accredited laboratory under strict measures of quality control. In multivariable linear regression analysis, factors that showed significant association with the SPM score were gender (p = 0.002), season of birth (p = 0.009), place of residence (p < 0.001), father’s (p < 0.001) and mother’s (p = 0.025) educational level, type of housing (p < 0.001), passive smoking at home (p = 0.031), sleeping hours during weekends (p = 0.017), students’ educational level (p < 0.001) and the frequency of consumption of sugary drinks (p < 0.001). The link between cognitive functioning and season of birth seems to be robust in various geographical locations including the Middle East. The association between sugary drinks and cognitive functioning highlights the importance of diet independently of obesity and support efforts to reduce consumption of sugary drinks among children.
Mineral analysis reveals extreme manganese concentrations in wild harvested and commercially available edible termites
Authors: Verspoor Rudi L. , Soglo Murielle , Adeoti Razack , Djouaka Rousseau , Edwards Sam , Fristedt Rikard , Langton Maud , Moriana Rosana , Osborne Matthew , Parr Catherine L. , Powell Kathryn , Hurst Gregory D. D. , Landberg Rikard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTermites are widely used as a food resource, particularly in Africa and Asia. Markets for insects as food are also expanding worldwide. To inform the development of insect-based foods, we analysed selected minerals (Fe-Mn-Zn-Cu-Mg) in wild-harvested and commercially available termites. Mineral values were compared to selected commercially available insects. Alate termites, of the genera Macrotermes and Odontotermes, showed remarkably high manganese (Mn) content (292–515 mg/100 gdw), roughly 50–100 times the concentrations detected in other insects. Other mineral elements occur at moderate concentrations in all insects examined. On further examination, the Mn is located primarily in the abdomens of the Macrotermes subhyalinus; with scanning electron microscopy revealing small spherical structures highly enriched for Mn. We identify the fungus comb, of Macrotermes subhyanus, as a potential biological source of the high Mn concentrations. Consuming even small quantities of termite alates could exceed current upper recommended intakes for Mn in both adults and children. Given the widespread use of termites as food, a better understanding the sources, distribution and bio-availability of these high Mn concentrations in termite alates is needed.
Epidemiological and aetiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sichuan Province, China, 2011–2017
Authors: Peng Di , Ma Yue , Liu Yaqiong , Lv Qiang , Yin Fei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) remains a threat to the Asia-Pacific region. The epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of HFMD vary with space and time. These variations are crucial for HFMD interventions but poorly understood in Sichuan Province, China, particularly after the introduction of the EV-A71 vaccine. Using descriptive methods, regression analyses, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and space-time scan statistics, we analysed the epidemiological and aetiological characteristics of HFMD surveillance data in Sichuan Province between 2011 and 2017 to identify spatio-temporal variations. The dominant serotypes of HFMD have changed from enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 to other enteroviruses since 2013. The seasonal pattern of HFMD showed two peaks generally occurring from April to July and November to December; however, the seasonal pattern varied by prefecture and enterovirus serotype. From 2011 to 2017, spatio-temporal clusters were increasingly concentrated in Chengdu, with several small clusters in northeast Sichuan. The clusters observed in southern Sichuan from 2011 to 2015 disappeared in 2016–2017. These findings highlight the importance of pathogen surveillance and vaccination strategies for HFMD interventions; future prevention and control of HFMD should focus on Chengdu and its vicinity.
A head-to-head comparison of speckle tracking echocardiography and feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in right ventricular deformation
Authors: Taha Karim , Bourfiss Mimount , te Riele Anneline S J M , Cramer Maarten-Jan M , van der Heijden Jeroen F , Asselbergs Folkert W , Velthuis Birgitta K , Teske Arco J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (FT-CMR) are advanced imaging techniques which are both used for quantification of global and regional myocardial strain. Direct comparisons of STE and FT-CMR regarding right ventricular (RV) strain analysis are limited. We aimed to study clinical performance, correlation and agreement of RV strain by these techniques, using arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) as a model for RV disease.

Methods and results
We enrolled 110 subjects, including 34 patients with definite ARVC, 30 preclinical relatives of ARVC patients, and 46 healthy control subjects. Global and regional RV longitudinal peak strain (PS) were measured by STE and FT-CMR. Both modalities showed reduced strain values in ARVC patients compared to ARVC relatives (STE global PS: P &lt; 0.001; FT-CMR global PS: P &lt; 0.001) and reduced strain values in ARVC relatives compared to healthy control subjects (STE global PS: P = 0.042; FT-CMR global PS: P = 0.084). There was a moderate, albeit significant correlation between RV strain values obtained by STE and FT-CMR [global PS r = 0.578 (95% confidence interval 0.427–0.697), P &lt; 0.001]. Agreement between the techniques was weak (limits of agreement for global PS: ±11.8%). Correlation and agreement both deteriorated when regional strain was studied.

Conclusion
RV STE and FT-CMR show a similar trend within the spectrum of ARVC and have significant correlation, but inter-modality agreement is weak. STE and FT-CMR may therefore both individually have added value for assessment of RV function, but RV PS values obtained by these techniques currently cannot be used interchangeably in clinical practice.
Multi-Index Quantitative Evaluation of Angelicae sinesis Radix Based on 1H-qNMR
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Qian , Feng Yanmei , Yang Lan , Qiu Daiyu , Guo Yehong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
As known to us, HPLC method was often used to determine the contents of Angelicae sinesis Radix. In view of the shortcomings of HPLC method, qNMR has prominent advantages in determining the contents of bioactive components in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of Angelicae sinesis Radix.

Objective
In this study, a quick, simple, and accurate method was established to determine the components of ferulic acid, coniferyl ferulate, and ligustilide in Angelicae sinesis Radix.

Method
Using dimethyl sulfoxide-d6(DMSO-d6) as the test solvent and pyrazine as the internal standard substance, 1H-qNMR measurement was performed on a 600 MHz spectrometer. The quantitative resonance peaks of pyrazine, ferulic acid, ligustilide, and coniferyl ferulate were at δ8.66 ppm, δ6.35–6.37 ppm, δ5.53–5.55 ppm, and δ6.50–6.53 ppm, respectively.

Results
The linear relationship, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, stability, and recovery were verified and the results were good. On the other hand, it was verified by HPLC, and the HPLC used for verification passed the methodological investigation of linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery, and the results were good. In addition, no significant difference in results was found between the 1H-qNMR and HPLC-UV methods in determining the content of three components in three batches of Angelicae sinesis Radix.

Conclusions
The method can be used for simultaneous determination of three active components, and providing a scientific basis for the overall quality evaluation and quality control of Angelicae sinesis Radix.

Hightlights
In this study, 1H-qNMR was used to determine ferulic acid, coniferyl ferulate and ligustilide in Angelicae Sinensis Radix for the first time.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Raltegravir-Containing Regimen in Children Aged 4 Weeks to 2 Years Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Receiving Rifampin for Tuberculosis
Authors: Krogstad Paul , Samson Pearl , Acosta Edward P , Moye Jack , Townley Ellen , Bradford Sarah , Brown Emily , Denson Kayla , Graham Bobbie , Hovind Laura , Sise Thucuma , Teppler Hedy , Mathiba Sisinyana Ruth , Fairlie Lee , Winckler Jana L , Slade Gretchen , Meyers Tammy ,   International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network P1101 Team
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Pharmacological interactions limit treatment options for children living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB). We found that 12 mg/kg twice daily raltegravir chewable tablets (administered after crushing) safely achieved pharmacokinetic targets in children living with HIV aged 4 weeks to &lt;2 years receiving concurrent rifampin to treat TB.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01751568.
Incidental finding after laparoscopic gastric sleeve, the value of pathology
Authors: Aguayo William G , Rojas Christian L , Molina Gabriel A , Cisneros Javier , Reyes Hernan V , Haro Hugo Efrain 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are rare tumors with a broad spectrum of symptoms; in recent years, the number of cases has increased due to the growing number of upper endoscopies. Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic and bariatric surgery one of the most effective therapies to control this illness. As more surgeries are performed, the number of histopathological samples will also increase. Incidental discoveries on these histopathological specimens are difficult situations to encounter as medical plans, prognosis and therapy will have to change accordingly. We present the case of a 43-year-old patient who underwent a laparoscopic gastric sleeve. On pathology, a NET was detected, and additional surgery was required. On follow-ups, the patient is doing well.
Defying easy explanations—the case of Pennington v Waine 18 years on
Authors: Sutherland Sean 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The case of Pennington v Waine has been subject to extensive scholarly attention. Many have sought to fit the case into established categories, such as proprietary estoppel or the rule in Re Rose. This article will argue that the case cannot be explained with these easy explanations. Instead it marks a radical shift in the law and is indicative of an equity that is “on the move”.
Predictive Value of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in the Diagnosis of Menière's Disease and Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Rizk Habib G. , Liu Yuan F. , Strange Christine C. , Van Ausdal Cortney H. , English Rebecca C. , McRackan Theodore R. , Meyer Ted A. 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
To explore the usefulness of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in the diagnosis of Menière's disease (MD) and vestibular migraine (VM).

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort.

Setting:
Multidisciplinary neurotology clinic.

Patients:
Definite MD and definite VM patients between January, 2015 and May, 2017, as well as healthy volunteers.

Interventions:
Cervical and ocular VEMP (cVEMP and oVEMP) testing.

Main Outcome Measures:
VEMP response, amplitude, and latency.

Results:
Twenty five definite MD, 34 definite VM, and 13 control subjects were analyzed. MD affected ears had significantly lower cVEMP (p = 0.007) and oVEMP (p < 0.001) amplitudes than control ears. VM ears had significantly lower oVEMP (p = 0.001), but not cVEMP (p = 0.198) amplitudes than control ears. MD affected ears, but not VM ears, had significantly more absent cVEMP (25.9% versus 0%, p = 0.005) and oVEMP responses (40.7% versus 0%, p < 0.001) than control ears. oVEMP latency was significantly shorter for both MD affected (p < 0.001) and VM ears (p < 0.001) than control ears. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated using a neurotology clinic MD prevalence of 7.9% in dizzy patients. A present cVEMP or oVEMP both have more than 93% chance of ruling MD out in the tested ear, while a cVEMP amplitude more than 54.9 μV or oVEMP amplitude more than 5.1 μV both have more than 94% of ruling out MD in the tested ear.

Conclusions:
Despite some overlap in VEMP results between MD and VM, when the diagnosis is uncertain between the two disorders due to symptomatic overlap and nonspecific audiometric data, VEMPs can be helpful in guiding treatment toward one disease entity or the other until more evidence points to a definitive diagnosis.
Elucidating mechanisms of invasion success: Effects of parasite removal on growth and survival rates of invasive and native frogs
Authors: Roznik Elizabeth A. , Surbaugh Kerri L. , Cano Natalia , Rohr Jason R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Identifying the mechanisms underlying biological invasions can inform the management of invasive species. The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) suggests that invasive species have a competitive advantage in their introduced range because they leave behind many of their predators and parasites from their native range, allowing them to shift resources from defences to growth, reproduction and dispersal. Many studies have demonstrated that invasive species have fewer parasites than their native counterparts, but few studies have tested whether the loss of these natural enemies appears to be a primary driver of the invasion process.

To test the ERH, we conducted a mark–recapture study in which we used an anthelmintic drug to successfully reduce parasitic worms in invasive Cuban treefrogs Osteopilus septentrionalis and native treefrogs (Hyla spp.) at half of 12 wetlands, marking nearly 4,200 frogs. If the ERH is supported, we would expect that treating for parasitic worms would have a greater benefit to native than invasive hosts.

Growth and survival rates of invasive and native treefrogs responded similarly to the anthelmintic treatment, suggesting that the Cuban treefrog's release from parasitic worms does not appear to significantly contribute to its invasiveness in established areas. Instead, it appears that the overall faster rates of growth and maturation, higher survival rates and larger body sizes of Cuban treefrogs that we observed may contribute to their expansion and proliferation.

Synthesis and applications. Although Cuban treefrogs have a lower diversity of parasitic worms in their invasive than native range, this does not appear to significantly contribute to their invasion success in areas where they have been established for more than 20 years. This suggests that any manipulation of parasites in invasive or native hosts would not be an effective method of controlling Cuban treefrogs or reducing their impacts. Further research into other hypotheses is needed to explain the Cuban treefrog's success and help guide management actions to reduce their spread and negative impacts. Our study demonstrates that enemy release may not be a primary driver of invasiveness, highlighting the need for more experimental tests of the enemy release hypothesis to examine its generality.
Variability and acceptability in Trinidadian English
Authors: Wilson Guyanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA growing body of work, most of it corpus‐based, looks at variable agreement with collective nouns and in existential constructions in English. However, few studies have looked at these particular features in Caribbean Englishes, and none of these have taken an acceptability approach. In this paper, results of an online survey measuring the acceptability of variable agreement in collective nouns and there + be existential constructions are reported. Additionally, the relationship between the latter forms and the Creole existential it+have is also considered. Speakers of Trinidadian English are found to hold conservative views towards variation in these contexts. For collective nouns, singular agreement is overwhelmingly preferred, and standard agreement in there + be constructions is also preferred, despite the trend in other Englishes towards the use of non‐standard agreement, particularly with the there's form. Interestingly, the Creole form is judged more favourably than the non‐standard there + be existential forms.
Implementation of social protection schemes for people living with HIV in three districts of Rajasthan state, India – a mixed methods study
Authors: Gowthamghosh B , Huidrom Rosenara , Arumugam Visvanathan , Pathak Neeraj , Purohit Neetu , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Khanna Anoop , Naik Poonam Ramesh 
Published: April 2020

Background: In India, public social protection schemes for marginalized populations are extended to people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their households. Care and Support Centres (CSCs) linked to antiretroviral therapy (ART) centres play a key role in linking PLHIV to the schemes. In three districts of Rajasthan, India, we assessed the linkage of PLHIV registered at CSCs (2016–18) to social protection schemes and explored PLHIV and provider perspectives into barriers and suggested solutions for improving linkage. Methods: This was an explanatory mixed method study involving a descriptive quantitative phase using secondary data, followed by a descriptive qualitative phase involving face-to-face in-depth (five PLHIV) and key informant (three CSC staff) interviews. Results: Of 1123 registered PLHIV at CSCs, 1026 (91%) expressed willingness to avail social protection schemes. Of 1026, 94% were linked to any one scheme; 52% to Palanhar, 51% to bus fare concession and 42% to widow pension schemes. The perceived barriers were: authenticating Aadhaar number (unique identification number provided to all Indians using their registered mobile phone number), cumbersome application processes for each scheme, limited utility of travel concession, delayed and/or irregular disbursement of benefits and non-availability of comprehensive information, education and communication material with details of all schemes and their application processes. Reaching out to all PLHIV in the designated district was a huge task for outreach workers. Another important barrier was the potential disclosure of positive status to various stakeholders in order to avail the schemes. Suggested solutions were a single window default application process at ART centres with a smart card and a single pamphlet at ART centres with all the required details. Conclusions: Bus fare concession, Palanhar and widow pension schemes were the most widely accepted and linked schemes by PLHIV. Implementation barriers were identified that need to be addressed to improve the linkage.
Typing and classification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolates
Authors: Clarke Thomas , Brinkac Lauren , Manoranjan Joanna , García-Basteiro Alberto , Grewal Harleen , Kiyimba Anthony , Lopez Elisa , Macaden Ragini , Respeito Durval , Ssengooba Willy , Tameris Michele , Sutton Granger 
Published: April 2020

Background: There are a large and growing number of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species that have been isolated, identified, and described in the literature, yet there are many clinical isolates which are not assignable to known species even when the genome has been sequenced. Additionally, a recent manuscript has proposed the reclassification of the Mycobacterium genus into five distinct genera. Methods: We describe using a fast average nucleotide identity (ANI) approximation method, MASH, for classifying NTM genomes by comparison to a resource of type strain genomes and proxy genomes. We evaluate the genus reclassification proposal in light of our ANI, MLST, and pan-genome work. Results: We describe here a sequencing study of hundreds of clinical NTM isolates. To aid in characterizing these isolates we defined a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) schema for NTMs which can differentiate strains at the species and subspecies level using eight ribosomal protein genes. We determined and deposited the allele profiles for 2,802 NTM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains in PubMLST. Conclusions: The MLST schema and our pan-genome analysis of Mycobacteria can help inform the design of marker-gene diagnostics. The ANI comparisons likewise can assist in the classification of unknown genomes, even from previously unknown species.