bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Associated Factors among Children in Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Abateneh Dejene Derseh , Shano Abera Kumalo , Dedo Teshale Worku 
Published: August 2020

Background:
In Ethiopia, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the predominant causative agent of pneumonia. About, 95% of bacterial pneumonia cases in under five years of children are caused by pneumococci.

Objective:
To assess the nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, its antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and associated factors among children in Southwest Ethiopia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 01, 2018, to December 30, 2018. A total of 293 children aged ≤15 years were included in the study using a systematic random sampling technique. A nasopharyngeal swab was collected using a sterile cotton swab and cultured on blood agar supplemented with 5μg/ml gentamicin. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique.

Results:
The ages of participants ranged from 5 months to 14 years. The carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 74/293 (25.3%). Being within the age group <3 years, the habit of sleeping with parent(s)/guardians and numbers of rooms per household were significantly associated with pneumococcal carriage. Streptococcus pneumoniae showed the highest resistance to Tetracycline, 36 (48.65%), and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 29 (39.2%), and was found to be susceptible to Chloramphenicol, 54 (77%), and Erythromycin, 38 (51.4%).

Conclusion:
The nasopharyngeal carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae is considerably high. High antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae against Tetracycline and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was observed. Living in a house with a single room, children’s habit of sleeping with parents/guardians and age are associated factors of high pneumococcal carriage. Strategies need to be designed to address the modifiable associated factors and the bacterium antibiotic resistance pattern should be monitored regularly.
Laughter in Combination with Yoga Exercises: Changes in Psychological Distress and Quality of Life in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Authors: Rouhi Shima , Etemadi Soraya , Pooraghajan Mehrnoosh 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Emotional distress (such as depression, anxiety, and stress) predisposes individuals to the risk of heart disease and impact on patient's prospective recovery period. Targeting those factors through psychological intervention can accelerate the healing process. Simulated laughter as a form of therapy in combination with yoga exercise and diaphragmatic breathing exercise may lead to mental and physical relaxation and elevate the quality of life.

Objectives:
This study aimed to measure any psychological distress changes (anxiety, depression, and stress) and simultaneously determine any alterations in the quality of life after intervening laughter-yoga therapy in CHD patients.

Methods:
We conducted an experimental clinical trial which administered a pretest-posttest questionnaire. Also, collected data at a ten-session therapy while patients were referring to the rehabilitation program for their postoperative Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at Tehran Heart Centre. Experimental Participants (N=150) and the control group (N=150) were selected by the convenient sampling method. Subjects participated in 45-minute Laughter Yoga(LY) sessions conducted by an instructor specialised in laughter yoga. A clinical psychologist administered the anxiety, stress, and depression scale (DASS) and Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36). We interpreted its eight subscales separately, such as measuring physical function, physical role, physical pain, general health, vitality, emotional role, mental health social function and quality of life.

Results:
Depression in the pretest group was 17.49, which degraded to 4.02 in the posttest; anxiety in the pretest test group was 17.44, which diminished to 4.20 in posttest; also, the mean of stress in the groups showed that in the trial group, the quantity degraded from 16.09 to 3.89. However, those values remained consistent in pre-posttest in the control group. Furthermore, the mean of the quality of life (QoL) in the experimental group was 227.2 in the pretest, which was 605.33 in the posttest, and significantly increased. Accordingly, the impact of laughter-yoga on physical function, physical role, physical pain, general health, vitality, emotional role, mental health, social performance is reported.

Conclusion:
Current research has shown that coronary heart disease (CHD) patients suffer considerably from emotional disturbances (depression, anxiety and stress) accordingly decreased quality of life. Intervening the laughter-yoga treatment by alleviating psychological distress is positively helpful to heal CHD patients. Ultimately, suggestions for further research are offered.
Effect of M-Health Application: “Chicken LOF” (Low Fat in 90 Days) on Lipid Profile and Body Composition Among Dyslipidemia Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Puntpanich Suwadee , Taneepanichskul Surasak 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Non-communicable disease has become a public health concern and is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle and aging.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the effect of M-Health Application: “CHICKEN LOF” on lipid profile and body composition in healthcare workers with dyslipidemia.

Methods:
This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted on 80 full-time healthcare workers having dyslipidemia from Phuket City Hospital. Participants were randomly assigned by a computer generator into an intervention group and control group. The intervention group received “CHICKEN LOF”: M-Health Application and usual care, and the control group received only usual care. Outcomes were measured on days 30, 60, 90 and compared to baseline.

Results:
The mean age was 33.9 years in the intervention group and 33.2 years in the control group. The baseline characteristics were not statistically or significantly different. However, significant changes were observed in intervention group regarding total knowledge (p<0.001), total attitude (p=0.001), total practice (p<0.001), HDL-C (p=0.002), weight (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.001), body fat percentage (p=0.029), bone mass (p=0.030), BMR (p=0.032) and total body water (p=0.027). In pairwise comparison, a significant increase in knowledge, attitude and practice was found from the baseline to day 30, 60 and 90, respectively.

Conclusion:
In the present study, CHICKEN-LOF mobile application was found to be effective in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice, and contributed to improving lipid and body composition. This study suggests a longer term implementation to evaluate sustainability not only in the healthcare setting but also in the community.
Predicting Quality of Life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Living in the Rural Area of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Authors: Kantatong Tassawan , Deesomchok Athavudh , Panpanich Ratana , Sungkarat Somporn , Siviroj Penprapa 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) becomes burdensome and reduces the quality of life in COPD patients and their families. Understanding the factors affecting the quality of life could improve the process of care and treatment of these patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors that influence and can predict the quality of life in COPD patients.

Methods:
A total of 281 COPD patients were included and analyzed by spirometry measurement, BODE index and its components (body mass index; BMI, forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted; FEV1%predicted, dyspnea score of the modified Medical Research Council; mMRC, and distance in the six-minute walking test; 6MWT).Quality of life was assessed by the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).

Results:
The total SGRQ score was 42.1±17.4. The mMRC dyspnea score, ABCD group classification of COPD and BODE index moderately correlated with the total SGRQ score. Weak correlations were found between BMI, FEV1%predicted and 6MWT. Multiple regression analysis showed that the mMRC dyspnea score, BODE index, age, and COPD group D were important predictors of quality of life in COPD patients with R2 of 0.467.

Conclusion:
The mMRC dyspnea score, BODE index, age, and COPD group D could predict the quality of life in the COPD patients in this study.
Recent Advances in Standardization of Herbal Drugs
Authors: Kamboj Anjoo , Kaur Ishtdeep , Kaur Narinder 
Published: August 2020

Background:Herbal drugs play a significant role to maintain the human healthiness and to treat the ailments since the dawn of civilization. Moreover, these plants have provided many lead compounds that culminated in modern medicine. A single herb is regarded as mini-combinatorial library of phytoconstituents hence the quality control of herbal drugs in an herbal formulation is not an easy task because a number of factors impact their pharmacological efficiency and consistent therapeutic effects. Hence, to provide consistent beneficial therapeutic effects, standardized herbal products of consistent quality and purity are required.Methods:This review is based on publications obtained by a selective search in PubMed using the keywords “Standardized herbal products”, “fingerprinting”, “authentication”, “chemometric, hyphenated techniques”, “quality control of herbal drugs”, “identification”.Results:In the era of modernization, chromatographic techniques coupled with sophisticated spectroscopic analytical methods are used in estimating the authenticity, identity and characteristic of herbal products. Further, with the advancement of computer technology, chemometrics methods have become a leading tool with an unsupervised pattern recognition technique for handling multivariate data without prior knowledge about the studied samples and mines more beneficial and valuable information about the chemical entities from the raw data.Conclusion:Standardization of HDs chromatographic fingerprint is not always a perfect way to present all compounds. To assess the quality of medicinal plants, new ways are regularly being explored such as combination chemical fingerprint with biological methods, biofingerprint and metabolic fingerprint quality metrology, pharmacodynamics and export system of medicinal plants have been researched in some groups but still a significant amount of work is required to achieve a perfect system for quality evaluation of herbal drugs. Further, novel chemometric techniques have been unfolded that mines more beneficial and valuable information about the chemical entities from the raw data. So this review emphasis mainly on hyphenated techniques associated with chemometric method used in herbal drugs for identifying more valuable information and various methods for providing data, among which most commonly used techniques are chemometric resolution method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method.
Mass Drug Administration With High-Dose Ivermectin and Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine for Malaria Elimination in an Area of Low Transmission With High Coverage of Malaria Control Interventions: Protocol for the MASSIV Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Dabira Edgard Diniba , Soumare Harouna M , Lindsay Steven W , Conteh Bakary , Ceesay Fatima , Bradley John , Kositz Christian , Broekhuizen Henk , Kandeh Balla , Fehr Alexandra E , Nieto-Sanchez Claudia , Ribera Joan Muela , Peeters Grietens Koen , Smit Menno Roderick , Drakeley Chris , Bousema Teun , Achan Jane , D’Alessandro Umberto 
Published: August 2020

Background
With a decline in malaria burden, innovative interventions and tools are required to reduce malaria transmission further. Mass drug administration (MDA) of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been identified as a potential tool to further reduce malaria transmission, where coverage of vector control interventions is already high. However, the impact is limited in time. Combining an ACT with an endectocide treatment that is able to reduce vector survival, such as ivermectin (IVM), could increase the impact of MDA and offer a new tool to reduce malaria transmission.

Objective
The study objective is to evaluate the impact of MDA with IVM plus dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) on malaria transmission in an area with high coverage of malaria control interventions.

Methods
The study is a cluster randomized trial in the Upper River Region of The Gambia and included 32 villages (16 control and 16 intervention). A buffer zone of ~2 km was created around all intervention clusters. MDA with IVM plus DP was implemented in all intervention villages and the buffer zones; control villages received standard malaria interventions according to the Gambian National Malaria Control Program plans.

Results
The MDA campaigns were carried out from August to October 2018 for the first year and from July to September 2019 for the second year. Statistical analysis will commence once the database is completed, cleaned, and locked.

Conclusions
This is the first cluster randomized clinical trial of MDA with IVM plus DP. The results will provide evidence on the impact of MDA with IVM plus DP on malaria transmission.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03576313; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03576313

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/20904
Grappling With the COVID-19 Health Crisis: Content Analysis of Communication Strategies and Their Effects on Public Engagement on Social Media
Authors: Ngai Cindy Sing Bik , Singh Rita Gill , Lu Wenze , Koon Alex Chun 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed an unprecedented challenge to governments worldwide. Effective government communication of COVID-19 information with the public is of crucial importance.ObjectiveWe investigate how the most-read state-owned newspaper in China, People’s Daily, used an online social networking site, Sina Weibo, to communicate about COVID-19 and whether this could engage the public. The objective of this study is to develop an integrated framework to examine the content, message style, and interactive features of COVID-19–related posts and determine their effects on public engagement in the largest social media network in China.MethodsContent analysis was employed to scrutinize 608 COVID-19 posts, and coding was performed on three main dimensions: content, message style, and interactive features. The content dimension was coded into six subdimensions: action, new evidence, reassurance, disease prevention, health care services, and uncertainty, and the style dimension was coded into the subdimensions of narrative and nonnarrative. As for interactive features, they were coded into links to external sources, use of hashtags, use of questions to solicit feedback, and use of multimedia. Public engagement was measured in the form of the number of shares, comments, and likes on the People’s Daily’s Sina Weibo account from January 20, 2020, to March 11, 2020, to reveal the association between different levels of public engagement and communication strategies. A one-way analysis of variance followed by a post-hoc Tukey test and negative binomial regression analysis were employed to generate the results.ResultsWe found that although the content frames of action, new evidence, and reassurance delivered in a nonnarrative style were predominant in COVID-19 communication by the government, posts related to new evidence and a nonnarrative style were strong negative predictors of the number of shares. In terms of generating a high number of shares, it was found that disease prevention posts delivered in a narrative style were able to achieve this purpose. Additionally, an interaction effect was found between content and style. The use of a narrative style in disease prevention posts had a significant positive effect on generating comments and likes by the Chinese public, while links to external sources fostered sharing.ConclusionsThese results have implications for governments, health organizations, medical professionals, the media, and researchers on their epidemic communication to engage the public. Selecting suitable communication strategies may foster active liking and sharing of posts on social media, which in turn, might raise the public’s awareness of COVID-19 and motivate them to take preventive measures. The sharing of COVID-19 posts is particularly important because this action can reach out to a large audience, potentially helping to contain the spread of the virus.
DESAFIOS DA DEMOCRACIA DIGITAL NA REALIDADE BRASILEIRA: O ACESSO À ESFERA PÚBLICA ONLINE
Authors: Borsio Bataglia Murilo , Farranha Ana Claudia 
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relacionar as discussões acerca da teoria democrática com aspectos deliberativos e de instrumentos de democracia digital. Assim, foca-se na utilização de tecnologia de informação e comunicação (TICs) no intuito de proporcionar a formação de espaços digitais diante de crise de representatividade verificada em pesquisas de opinião as realizadas por institutos como FGV/DAPP. Ao congregar esses elementos teóricos, a princípio tem-se a hipótese de que a internet seria um novo espaço público de deliberação. No entanto, percebem-se variáveis que influenciam no acesso a esse espaço. Com isso, têm-se as seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: considerando que democracia e tecnologia estão imbricadas, quais os desafios existentes nesse meio? Qual a relação entre arenas online, a exclusão digital e consequente legitimidade política? Na tentativa de respondê-las, mune-se das técnicas de revisão bibliográfica acerca das categorias de democracia deliberativa e de democracia digital. Além disso, como forma de traduzir em dados tal debate da inclusão digital e do acesso da população à internet e demais tecnologias, lança-se mão da análise documental, possuindo como materiais: relatório do TCU sobre inclusão digital, pesquisa TIC domicílios e a Estratégia Brasileira para a Transformação Digital (E-Digital). Ao final, levantam-se questionamentos e agendas de pesquisa para futuros aprofundamentos sobre a temática em tela.
Agustín Ávila Méndez y José Luis Plata Vázquez (coords), (2017). Nuevas coordenadas del territorio huasteco desde la historia, la arqueología, el arte y los rituales
Authors: Carrera Quezada Sergio Eduardo 
Published: August 2020

<span lang="ES">Siempre son bien recibidos los libros colectivos que enriquecen el conocimiento sobre una región, ya sea desde distintas perspectivas, o bien, que retoman viejos temas con nuevos acercamientos. El mérito de estas publicaciones no sólo radica en las aportaciones de los capítulos que las integran, sino tambiénen el esfuerzo de los coordinadores por dar coherencia y estructura al conjunto de textos. El libro <em>Nuevas coordenadas del territorio huasteco </em>es importante por estas razones, pero sobre todo porque es un marco de referencia sobre las tendencias actuales de los estudios antropológicos, arqueológicos e históricos dedicados al conocimiento de la Huasteca. Es una obra que exhibe la diversificación de enfoques e intereses entre las distintas generaciones de estudiosos, pues los textos expuestos en este volumen no sólo demuestran los avances que hemos logrado como comunidad de académicos dedicados al estudio de la región, sino además señalan con atino los muchos temas pendientes por analizar.</span>
Marcadores str’s autosómicos en población indígena añu zuliana de Venezuela
Authors: Pardo Govea Tatiana Carolina , Tovar Stojcic Korana , Quintero Ferrer José Miguel , Borjas Fuentes Lisbeth Margarita , Sanchez Caridad Yanira , Mendez Molina Karile Del Carmen , Carrero Castillo Yenddy Nayghit , Rivera Pirela Sergio Emiro 
Published: August 2020

<p>En el estado Zulia se encuentra 61.18% de la población aborigen de Venezuela. La etnia añú es el segundo grupo de indígenas más numeroso, después de los wayúu. Se estudiaron 29 individuos añú, a los cuales se les realizó extracción de adn por medio de un método que combina dos técnicas (Fenol/Sevag y Salting-Out), se procedió a la amplificación de las mismas a través de la pcr multiplex, se empleó el Kit Promega Powerplex®16HS, y se determinó las frecuencias alélicas de 15 marcadores STR´s autosómicos: D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, PENTA E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1P0, PENTA D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, FGA y AMELOGENINA. La genotipificación se realizó después de la comparación de fragmentos de STR con la escalera alélica y el tamaño del carril interno estándar utilizando el software GeneMapper® ID-X, Versión 1.2; las mayores frecuencias alélicas para cada marcador genético fueron las siguientes: el alelo 18 del locus D3S1358 (0.448), alelo 6 de TH01 (0.586), alelo 30 D21S11 (0.379), alelo 12 D18S51 (0.275), alelo 14 Penta E (0.258), alelo 11 D5S818 (0.603), alelo 12 D13S317 (0.327), alelo 11 D7S820 (0.586), alelo 12 D16S539 (0.310), alelo 10 CSF1PO (0.344), alelo 11 Penta D (0.327), alelo 16 vWA (0.620), alelo 14 D8S1179 (0.431), alelo 8 TPOX (0.551) y alelo 24 FGA (0.396). Según la matríz de distancia de Nei, la población añú no comparte su Acervo Genético con otros grupos indígenas zulianos ni del continente americano, lo cual indica que este grupo étnico tiene su propio origen ancestral con poco o ningún aporte genético externo.</p><div> </div>
Status of Non-Profits and Fraud: An Exploratory Study of Risks, Controls, and General Organizational Characteristics
Authors: Eining Martha M. , Hurtt David , Hurtt R. Kathy , Richards Claire 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
This exploratory study presents evidence on the general characteristics, risks, and controls of all non-profit organizations (NPOs) reporting a fraud (asset diversion) between 2009 and 2015. Compared to NPOs that did not report a fraud, the fraud-reporting NPOs were larger, older, more likely to be a 501c3, and urban. Data from the Form 990 provided information on the risks and controls present. Risks were positively associated with higher levels of reported fraud for all sizes of NPOs. However, controls were more often related to lower levels of fraud only for larger NPOs, with the level of controls present increasing with the size of the organization. We also identify new variables that should add to our understanding and also variables used in prior studies that may not have enough variance to add any insight. Based on the results from this study, we provide suggestions for future research.
Data Availability: Form 990 data were purchased from and are available from GuideStar. Rural and urban codes were purchased from and are available from GreatData.
A Synthesis of Non-Fraud Forensic Accounting Research
Authors: DiGabriele James A. , Heitger Lester E. , Riley Richard (Dick) 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We synthesize the academic literature and court rulings related to non-fraud forensic accounting topics to better understand the nature and extent of relevant works and to highlight areas where there is a need for future research. We concentrate on non-fraud forensic accounting issues relevant to academics and practitioners in several areas, including the forensic accountant as the expert witness, valuation, individual damages (sometimes referred to as forensic economics), and commercial damages: lost profits. We discuss prior research findings and court opinions related to the qualifications, work product, and communication skills required of forensic accountants to complete the work to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty. We close with a critical examination of how emerging technologies are likely to impact forensic accounting.
JEL Classifications: G12; G14; G32; G34; G39.