bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental contrasting with implementation intentions increases study time for university students
Authors: Clark Melinda , Miller Anthony , Berry Jamie , Cheng Ken 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundGoal setting is a core aspect of human behaviour that drives action. The intention to achieve one's goals, however, does not necessarily translate into desired outcomes. Although the mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) strategy has demonstrated strong efficacy, limited investigations have been conducted in a university academic goal‐setting context.AimsThe current study sought to investigate the efficacy of MCII in facilitating academic goal attainment in university students.MethodFifty‐eight students from Macquarie University, Australia, were randomly allocated to either MCII or stress management training, and were assessed on their progress towards the target goal of increased hours of study four weeks later. Goal attainment scaling (GAS) facilitated the generation of tailored specific goals and was the primary outcome measure.ResultsAn analysis of covariance indicated that students trained in MCII achieved significantly better goal outcomes than those trained in stress management for both broad (p = .038) and course‐ or unit‐specific (p = .005) study goals.ConclusionsResults highlight the efficacy of using MCII and GAS in combination to promote increased study time for university students.
Evolution of peptide nucleic acid with modifications of its backbone and application in biotechnology
Authors: Das Anuradha , Pradhan Biswaranjan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are getting prodigious interest currently in the biomedical and diagnostic field as an extremely powerful tool because of their potentiality to hybridize with natural nucleic acids. Although PNA has strong affinity and sequence specificity to DNA/RNA, there is a considerable ongoing effort to further enhance their special chemical and biological properties for potential application in numerous fields, notably in the field of therapeutics. The toolbox for backbone modified PNAs synthesis has been extended substantially in recent decades, providing a more efficient synthesis of peptides with numerous scaffolds and modifications. This paper reviews the various strategies that have been developed so far for the modification of the PNA backbone, challenging the search for new PNA systems with improved chemical and physical properties lacking in the original aegPNA backbone. The various practical issues and limitations of different PNA systems are also summarized. The focus of this review is on the evolution of PNA by its backbone modification to improve the cellular uptake, sequence specificity, and compatibility of PNA to bind to DNA/RNA. Finally, an insight was also gained into major applications of backbone modified PNAs for the development of biosensors.
Selection of a new peptide homing SK‐BR‐3 breast cancer cells
Authors: Pereira Ana Cláudia , Ferreira Débora , Santos‐Pereira Cátia , Vieira Tatiana F. , Sousa Sérgio F. , Sales Goreti , Rodrigues Lígia R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBreast cancer diagnosis remains a challenge, mostly due to its heterogeneity. This reality translates in delayed treatments, increasing treatment aggressiveness and lower chances of overall survival. The conventional detection techniques, although becoming increasingly sophisticated each year, still lack the ability to provide reliable conclusions without being time consuming, expensive, and uncomfortable for the patients. The identification of novel biomarkers for breast cancer research is therefore of utmost relevance for an early diagnosis. Moreover, breast cancer‐specific peptide moieties can be used to develop novel targeted drug delivery systems. In this work, we used phage display to identify a novel peptide with specificity to the SK‐BR‐3 breast cancer cell line. Cytometry assays confirmed its specificity, while bioinformatics and docking studies predicted the potential biomarkers at the SK‐BR‐3 cells' surface. These findings can be potentially useful in the clinical context, contributing to more specific and targeted therapeutic solutions against HER2‐positive breast cancer subtypes.
Two centuries of distribution data: detection of areas of endemism for the Brazilian angiosperms
Authors: Gomes‐da‐Silva Janaína , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrazil has high levels of biodiversity and has received strong criticism for the increasing country‐wide deforestation that threatens it. Although a significant percentage of land area in Brazil is protected, the areas are insufficient and unevenly distributed. Many studies have contributed to the biogeographical knowledge of Brazilian flora, but no endemicity analysis (EA) has been conducted including all endemic angiosperms. We investigated the spatial component, drawing on a huge and taxonomically diverse dataset based on 827 016 records collected over the last two centuries. We conducted an EA for 15 034 species from 173 families using an optimality criterion with 2° and 3° grid sizes, in order to search for distributional concordance, to identify the biogeographical units and discuss the implications for conservation. Six analyses were run for basal angiosperms, monocots and eudicots. The EA recovered 66 consensus areas (CAs). The concordance of CAs enabled the identification of five best‐supported areas of endemism––three in the Atlantic and Parana Forest and two areas in the Cerrado province––supported by species of 120 families. The age of divergence for some genera that contributed significantly to the identification of areas recovered in the Cerrado coincides with the recent, <10 Ma, estimated age of that province. By contrast, the areas in the Atlantic and Parana Forest are supported by genera with earlier diversification >30 Ma, supporting an ancient origin. Most areas in the Atlantic Forest are partially superimposed with the limits of the protected areas, however, big gaps were identified in the Cerrado. Protecting Brazilian biomes was at the heart of Brazil’s environmental policy. Regrettably, this scenario has radically changed based on misleading divergences in conservation policy. Areas of endemism are pivotal for biodiversity conservation due to the common evolutionary history shared by their endemic taxa. Thus, we hope that these congruent patterns of endemism support the establishment of biodiversity priorities.
Changes in the surface topography and element proportion of clinically failed SLA implants after in vitro debridement by different methods
Authors: Tong Zian , Fu Renjie , Zhu Weijun , Shi Jue , Yu Mengfei , Si Misi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the surface topography and element proportion changes in clinically failed implants after different modalities in vitro debridement and to compare the cleaning effect of different method combinations.Material and MethodsThirty clinical failed implants were treated by different debridement methods in vitro as follows: Group 1: physiologic saline irrigation; Group 2: glycine powder air polishing; Group 3: glycine powder air polishing + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); Group 4: polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tip ultrasonic scaling; and Group 5: PEEK tip ultrasonic scaling + EDTA. The relative contaminated area reduction (RCAR), visual analogue scale (VAS, the higher value means, the better cleaning effect) and surface roughness were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), stereoscopic microscopy (SM) and white light interferometry (WLI). Surface chemistry was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).ResultsGroup 4 and Group 5 showed higher RCARs (82.90%, 82.89%), VAS scores (2.61, 2.33) and roughness reductions (−0.85 μm, −1.80 μm). Group 3 attained the highest decrease of C% (carbon, −26.67%), O% (oxygen, −13.71%) and N% (nitrogen, −5.66%), and the highest increase of Ti% (titanium, 49.67%). PEEK remnants were detected on the implant surface of Groups 4 and 5.ConclusionWithin the limitation of the present in vitro design, PEEK tip ultrasonic scaling was more effective in eliminating visible contamination, while glycine powder air polishing combined with EDTA treatment was more conducive to expose the original surface element distribution. Both methods have their own advantages in decontamination, but none of them could reconstruct the surface as the pristine implant.
Risks to large marine protected areas posed by drifting fish aggregation devices
Authors: Curnick David J. , Feary David A. , Cavalcante Geórgenes H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMapping and predicting the potential risk of fishing activities to large marine protected areas (MPAs), where management capacity is low but fish biomass may be globally important, is vital to prioritizing enforcement and maximizing conservation benefits. Drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs) are a highly effective fishing method employed in purse seine fisheries that attract and accumulate biomass fish, making fish easier to catch. However, dFADs are associated with several negative impacts, including high bycatch rates and lost or abandoned dFADs becoming beached on sensitive coastal areas (e.g., coral reefs). Using Lagrangian particle modeling, we determined the potential transit of dFADs in a large MPA around the Chagos Archipelago in the central Indian Ocean. We then quantified the risk of dFADs beaching on the archipelago's reefs and atolls and determined the potential for dFADs to pass through the MPA, accumulate biomass while within, and export it into areas where it can be legally fished (i.e., transit). Over one‐third (37.51%) of dFADs posed a risk of either beaching or transiting the MPA for >14 days, 17.70% posed a risk of beaching or transiting the MPA for >30 days, and 13.11% posed a risk of beaching or transiting the MPA for >40 days. Modeled dFADs deployed on the east and west of the perimeter were more likely to beach and have long transiting times (i.e., posed the highest risk). The Great Chagos Bank, the largest atoll in the archipelago, was the most likely site to be affected by dFADs beaching. Overall, understanding the interactions between static MPAs and drifting fishing gears is vital to developing suitable management plans to support enforcement of MPA boundaries and the functioning and sustainability of their associated biomass.
Beyond regulations at DNA levels: A review of epigenetic therapeutics targeting cancer stem cells
Authors: Zhang Shunhao , Gong Yanji , Li Chunjie , Yang Wenbin , Li Longjiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the past few years, the paramount role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), in terms of cancer initiation, proliferation, metastasis, invasion and chemoresistance, has been revealed by accumulating studies. However, this level of cellular plasticity cannot be entirely explained by genetic mutations. Research on epigenetic modifications as a complementary explanation for the properties of CSCs has been increasing over the past several years. Notably, therapeutic strategies are currently being developed in an effort to reverse aberrant epigenetic alterations using specific chemical inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of CSCs and their role in cancer progression, and provide an overview of epigenetic alterations seen in CSCs. Importantly, we focus on primary cancer therapies that target the epigenetic modification of CSCs by the use of specific chemical inhibitors, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors and microRNA‐based (miRNA‐based) therapeutics.
20‐HETE synthesis inhibition attenuates traumatic brain injury–induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis via the SIRT1/PGC‐1α pathway: A translational study
Authors: Cui Wenxing , Wu Xun , Shi Yingwu , Guo Wei , Luo Jianing , Liu Haixiao , Zheng Longlong , Du Yong , Wang Ping , Wang Qiang , Feng Dayun , Ge Shunnan , Qu Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectives20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20‐HETE) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid catalysed by cytochrome P450 enzymes and plays an important role in cell death and proliferation. We hypothesized that 20‐HETE synthesis inhibition may have protective effects in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and investigated possible underlying molecular mechanisms.Materials and methodsNeurologic deficits, and lesion volume, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell death as assessed using immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting were used to determine post‐TBI effects of HET0016, an inhibitor of 20‐HETE synthesis, and their underlying mechanisms.ResultsThe level of 20‐HETE was found to be increased significantly after TBI in mice. 20‐HETE synthesis inhibition reduced neuronal apoptosis, ROS production and damage to mitochondrial structures after TBI. Mechanistically, HET0016 decreased the Drp1 level and increased the expression of Mfn1 and Mfn2 after TBI, indicating a reversal of the abnormal post‐TBI mitochondrial dynamics. HET0016 also promoted the restoration of SIRT1 and PGC‐1α in vivo, and a SIRT1 activator (SRT1720) reversed the downregulation of SIRT1 and PGC‐1α and the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics induced by 20‐HETE in vitro. Furthermore, plasma 20‐HETE levels were found to be higher in TBI patients with unfavourable neurological outcomes and were correlated with the GOS score.ConclusionsThe inhibition of 20‐HETE synthesis represents a novel strategy to mitigate TBI‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis by regulating the SIRT1/PGC‐1α pathway.
The long non‐coding RNA landscape in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Guan Xiaoxiang , Tang Jinhai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that has a higher risk of distant recurrence and metastasis, leading to a relatively aggressive biological behaviour and poor outcome. So far, the clinical management of TNBC is challenging because of its heterogeneity and paucity of specific targeted therapy. Recently, various studies have identified a lot of differently expressed long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in TNBC. Those lncRNAs have been reported to play important roles in the multistep process of TNBC tumorigenesis. Here, we review the biological characteristics of lncRNAs, and present the current state of knowledge concerning the expression, function and regulation of lncRNAs in TNBC. Accumulating studies explored the potential lncRNAs‐based therapeutics in TNBC, including the techniques of genetic modification using antisense oligonucleotides, locked nucleic acid and RNA nanotechnology. In current review, we also discuss the future prospects of studies about lncRNAs in TNBC and development of lncRNA‐based strategies for clinical TNBC patients.
Incipient resistance to an effective pesticide results from genetic adaptation and the canalization of gene expression
Authors: Yin Xiaoshen , Martinez Alexander S. , Perkins Abigail , Sparks Morgan M. , Harder Avril M. , Willoughby Janna R. , Sepúlveda Maria S. , Christie Mark R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe resistance of pest species to chemical controls has vast ecological, economic, and societal costs. In most cases, resistance is only detected after spreading throughout an entire population. Detecting resistance in its incipient stages, by comparison, provides time to implement preventative strategies. Incipient resistance can be detected by coupling standard toxicology assays with large‐scale gene expression experiments. We apply this approach to a system where an invasive parasite, sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), has been treated with the highly effective pesticide 3‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐nitrophenol (TFM) for 60 years. Toxicological experiments revealed that lamprey from treated populations did not have higher survival to TFM exposure than lamprey from untreated populations, demonstrating that full‐fledged resistance has not yet evolved. In contrast, we find hundreds of genes differentially expressed in response to TFM in the population with the longest history of exposure, many of which relate to TFM’s primary mode of action, the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, and subsequent depletion of ATP. Three genes critical to oxidative phosphorylation, ATP5PB, PLCB1, and NDUFA9, were nearly fixed for alternative alleles in comparisons of SNPs between treated and untreated populations (FST > 5 SD from the mean). ATP5PB encodes subunit b of ATP synthase and an additional subunit, ATP5F1B, was canalized for high expression in treated populations, but remained plastic in response to TFM treatment in individuals from the untreated population. These combined genomic and transcriptomic results demonstrate that an adaptive, genetic response to TFM is likely driving incipient resistance in a damaging pest species.
Maternal Mediation in the Context of Fathers' Incarceration and Reentry
Authors: Arditti Joyce A. , McGregor Casey , Dennison Susan , Johnson Shawnice , Besemer Kirsten 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveWe sought to develop grounded theory regarding how mothers who share children with an incarcerated father mediate between men and their offspring.BackgroundMothers' mediation can be situated at the intersection of theirmotherworkand theirprison work.Motherwork(Collins, 1994) refers to the paid and unpaid labor that mothers on the margins do to support their families and foster their children's survival.Prison work(Codd, 2007) involves the invisible labor of supporting persons during their incarceration and reentry. A focus on maternal mediation as a proximal process that bears on justice‐involved families acknowledges the inherent tension between these domains.MethodWe conducted a secondary analysis of interview data from 16 Australian mothers who had at least one child whose father had a history of incarceration.ResultsWe identified four patterns of maternal mediation: facilitation, monitoring, constraint, and disengagement. These types connected to aspects of women'smotherwork, as well as the intensity of their efforts to support children's fathers.ConclusionMediation is a form of women'sprison‐motherwork, which reflects complex and shifting strategies that are influenced by children's developmental needs and preferences, mothers' feelings about children's fathers and their importance in children's lives, and time.ImplicationsWomen would benefit from having specialized support and counseling throughout their partner's (or former partner's) carceral confinement and reentry.
KIcandKIIcmeasurement for hot mix asphalt mixtures at low temperature: Experimental and theoretical study using the semicircular bend specimen with different thicknesses
Authors: Xiongzhou Yuan , Yuze Tian , Qinglin Liu , Song Liu , Qianwen Dou , Aliha M.R.M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPure mode I and mode II fracture toughness of asphalt mixture was investigated both experimentally and theoretically using vertical edge crack semicircular bend (SCB) specimen with symmetric and asymmetric bottom loading spans. The thickness of SCB specimen was considered in the range from 30 to 70 mm, and the fracture toughness tests were performed at three subzero temperatures (−5°C, −15°C and −25°C). The results showed thatKIcandKIIcare increased by reducing the test temperature. The thickness had no sound effect on the fracture toughness, but the thickness of 50 mm was more suitable for fracture study on this material. The fracture load of mode II specimen was significantly greater than the mode I fracture load at the same testing condition. The fracture toughness ratio (KIIc/KIc) that varies in the range between 1 and 1.4 was predicted theoretically using three well‐known stress/strain‐based fracture criteria.
Discriminating climate, land‐cover and random effects on species range dynamics
Authors: Taheri Shirin , García‐Callejas David , Araújo Miguel B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpecies are reportedly shifting their distributions poleward and upward in several parts of the world in response to climate change. The extent to which other factors might play a role driving these changes is still unclear. Land‐cover change is a major cause of distributional changes, but it cannot be discarded that distributional dynamics might be at times caused by other mechanisms (e.g. dispersal, ecological drift). Using observed changes in the distribution of 82 breeding birds in Great Britain between three time periods 1968–72 (t1), 1988–91 (t2) and 2007–2011 (t3), we examine whether observed bird range shifts between t1‐t2 and t1‐t3 are best explained by climate change or land‐cover change, or whether they are not distinguishable from what would be expected by chance. We found that range shifts across the rear edge of northerly distributed species in Great Britain are best explained by climate change, while shifts across the leading edge of southerly distributed species are best explained by changes in land‐cover. In contrast, at the northern and southern edges of Great Britain, range dynamics could not be distinguished from that expected by chance. The latter observation could be a consequence of boundary effects limiting the direction and magnitude of range changes, stochastic demographic mechanisms neither associated with climate nor land‐cover change or with complex interactions among factors. Our results reinforce the view that comprehensive assessments of climate change effects on species range shifts need to examine alternative drivers of change on equal footing and that null models can help assess whether observed patterns could have arisen by chance alone.
Enrichment of deoxynivalenol and establishment of online early warning treatment system for drinking water
Authors: Liu Qianyu , Yang Panpan , Du Wenqi , Dong Dongli , Yang Guang , Tang Shuze 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn online monitoring and early warning system was established to detect drinking water pollution from deoxynivalenol (DON). Flow injection chemiluminescence was selected as online monitoring tool for its low detection limit, fast detection process and broad linear range. The toxigenic strain of Fusarium graminearum (GDMCC3.507, freeze‐dried powder) was incubated and grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium under constant temperature of 26 °C for 5 days. Different culture conditions were investigated to determine the most suitable conditions to culture the fungi and enrich DON that produced by Fusarium graminearum. Powder activated carbon (PAC) was used to remove DON in drinking water. A dynamic threshold X ± 5SD was established to detect DON in drinking water effectively. Calculation of standard curve indicated that 6 mg DON could be easily extracted from 100 mg corn culture medium. Emergency detoxification was achieved by PAC and the removal rate reached 76% after 50 min of adsorption process. Once the chemiluminescence intensity exceeded the X ± 5SD value of the exact point during the monitoring process, the tap water was estimated to have excessive toxin. The establishment of this emergency system could provide a basis for dealing with sudden pollution of drinking water.