bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐Engineering Poly(Acrylic Acid) Binder toward Optimized Electrochemical Performance for Silicon Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Branching Architecture Leads to Balanced Properties of Polymeric Binders
Authors: Jiang Sisi , Hu Bin , Shi Zhangxing , Chen Wei , Zhang Zhengcheng , Zhang Lu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSilicon is a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries with its superior capacity. However, the drastic volume changes during lithiation/delithiation cycles hinder the cycling performance, resulting in particle pulverization, conductivity loss, and an unstable electrode–electrolyte interface. Herein, a series of synthetic polymeric binders, poly(acrylic acid‐co‐tetra(ethylene glycol) diacrylate)—featuring a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) backbone branched via tetra(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (TEGDA)—are developed that edge toward evidencing well‐balanced properties to confront capacity fading in Si‐based electrodes. The incorporation of ether chain not only leads to the branching architecture of the PAA backbone, thus affecting its mechanical properties, but also promotes the conductivity of Li ions. As a result, a synergistic performance improvement is observed in both half and full cells. The best‐performing cell using a branched PAA binder (bPAA) with a feeding molar ratio ([TEGDA]:[acrylic acid(AA)]) of 0.2 results in a 10% increase in initial capacity and a 31% increase in capacity retention over 100 cycles compared to the linear PAA cell. The cross‐sectional microscopic images of the cycled electrodes reveal that bPAA binders can drastically reduce the electrode expansion. This improvement results from the well‐balanced properties of the polymer design, which could guide further development for more advanced binder materials.
Confining Sub‐Nanometer Pt Clusters in Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution Activity
Authors: Wan Xian‐Kai , Wu Hao Bin , Guan Bu Yuan , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: December 2019

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is considered as a promising approach to produce clean and sustainable hydrogen fuel. As a new class of nanomaterials with high ratio of surface atoms and tunable composition and electronic structure, metal clusters are promising candidates as catalysts. Here, a new strategy is demonstrated to synthesize active and stable Pt‐based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution by confining Pt clusters in hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (Pt5/HMCS). Such a structure would effectively stabilize the Pt clusters during the ligand removal process, leading to remarkable electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen production in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Particularly, the optimal Pt5/HMCS electrocatalyst exhibits 12 times the mass activity of Pt in commercial Pt/C catalyst with similar Pt loading. This study exemplifies a simple yet effective approach to improve the cost effectiveness of precious‐metal‐based catalysts with stabilized metal clusters.
Integrating Conductivity, Immobility, and Catalytic Ability into High‐N Carbon/Graphene Sheets as an Effective Sulfur Host
Authors: Xu Huifang , Jiang Qingbin , Zhang Bingkai , Chen Chao , Lin Zhan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered to be one of the most promising candidate systems for next‐generation electrochemical energy storage. The major challenge of this system is the polysulfide shuttle, which results in poor cycling efficiency. In this work, a highly N‐doped carbon/graphene (NC/G) sheet is designed as a sulfur host, which combines the merits of abundant N active sites and high electrical conductivity to achieve in situ anchoring–conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Such a host not only has strong binding with LiPSs but also promotes redox kinetics, which are revealed by both experimental investigations and theoretical studies. The sulfur cathode based on the NC/G host exhibits a high initial capacity of 1380 mA h g−1 and a superior cycle stability with a low capacity decay of 0.037% per cycle within 500 cycles at 2 C. Steady areal capacity with a high sulfur loading (5.6 mg cm−2) is also attained even without the addition of LiNO3 in the electrolyte. This work proposes and illustrates the importance of in situ anchoring–conversion of LiPSs, offering a new strategy to design multifunctional sulfur hosts for high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Impact of Nanoscale Roughness on Heat Transport across the Solid–Solid Interface
Authors: Wang Jingwei , Zhang Zhongwei , Shi Run , Chandrashekar Bananakere Nanjegowda , Shen Nan , Song Haisheng , Wang Ning , Chen Jie , Cheng Chun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe performance of 1D nano/microbeam‐based devices greatly relies on heat dissipation to substrates. The surface roughness plays a key role in interfacial heat transport while this issue is seldom investigated due to the difficulty in quantitative determination of thermal contact resistance (TCR) at nanoscale. Here, the impact of interfacial roughness on heat transport at solid–solid interface by taking VO2 microbeam on Si substrate (VO2/Si) as a prototype is investigated. With the increased interface roughness from atomic fluctuation to ≈100 nm, it is found that an unusual uncertainty emerges in thermal interface transport along with the dramatical increase in TCR with two orders of magnitudes. Besides, a single‐layer graphene is inserted into VO2/Si interface as thermal interface material to study its performance under interface roughness. The inserted graphene not only substantially reduces the TCR but also reduces the uncertainty of thermal interface transport. This enhancement is even remarkable at rougher interface. Microscopic characterization and molecular dynamics simulation suggest that suspended condition and high heat conductivity of graphene on rough surface are responsible for the above effects. This work provides the quantitative evaluation of TCR and contributes to the in‐depth understanding on heat transport at imperfect interface.
Integrating superstructure‐based design of molecules, processes, and flowsheets
Authors: Schilling Johannes , Horend Christian , Bardow André 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe key to many chemical and energy conversion processes is the choice of the right molecule, for example, used as working fluid. However, the choice of the molecule is inherently coupled to the choice of the right process flowsheet. In this work, we integrate superstructure‐based flowsheet design into the design of processes and molecules. The thermodynamic properties of the molecule are modeled by the PC‐SAFT equation of state. Computer‐aided molecular design enables considering the molecular structure as degree of freedom in the process optimization. To consider the process flowsheet as additional degree of freedom, a superstructure of the process is used. The method results in the optimal molecule, process, and flowsheet. We demonstrate the method for the design of an organic Rankine cycle considering flowsheet options for regeneration, reheating, and turbine bleeding. The presented method provides a user‐friendly tool to solve the integrated design problem of processes, molecules, and process flowsheets.
Hearing loss in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta in North America: Results from a multicenter study
Authors: Machol Keren , Hadley Trevor D. , Schmidt Jake , Cuthbertson David , Traboulsi Henri , Silva Rodrigo C. , Citron Chloe , Khan Sobiah , Citron Kate , Carter Erin , Brookler Kenneth , Shapiro Jay R. , Steiner Robert D. , Byers Peter H. , Glorieux Francis H. , Durigova Michaela , Smith Peter , Bober Michael B. , Sutton Vernon R. , Lee Brendan H. ,   Members of the BBD Consortium, Nagamani Sandesh C. S. , Raggio Cathleen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHearing loss (HL) is an extra‐skeletal manifestation of the connective tissue disorder osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Systematic evaluation of the prevalence and characteristics of HL in COL1A1/COL1A2‐related OI will contribute to a better clinical management of individuals with OI. We collected and analyzed pure‐tone audiometry data from 312 individuals with OI who were enrolled in the Linked Clinical Research Centers and the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium. The prevalence, type, and severity of HL in COL1A1/COL1A2‐related OI are reported. We show that the prevalence of HL in OI is 28% and increased with age in Type I OI but not in Types III and IV. Individuals with OI Types III and IV are at a higher risk to develop HL in the first decade of life when compared to OI Type I. We also show that the prevalence of SNHL is higher in females with OI compared to males. This study reveals new insights regarding prevalence of HL in OI including a lower general prevalence of HL in COL1A1/COL1A2‐related OI than previously reported (28.3 vs. 65%) and high prevalence of SNHL in females. Our data support the need in early routine hearing evaluation in all types of OI that can be adjusted to the severity of the skeletal disease.
Reducing the primate pet trade: Actions for primatologists
Authors: Norconk Marilyn A. , Atsalis Sylvia , Tully Gregg , Santillán Ana Maria , Waters Siân , Knott Cheryl D. , Ross Stephen R. , Shanee Sam , Stiles Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis commentary emerged from a panel presentation at the International Primatological Society Congress in Nairobi, Kenya, 2018. The goal was to provide regional updates on the status of primate removal from habitat countries, especially for the pet trade, and develop guidelines that could help primatologists address this critical problem. The trade in live primates includes those used as pets, in entertainment, and as subjects of biomedical experimentation, but here we focus on those primates destined for the pet trade. Such transactions are a hugely lucrative business, impacting hundreds of thousands of individuals annually and affecting the survival of wild populations. Being intimately familiar with primate social behavior, life history and biology, primatologists, whether they work with captive or wild primates, are in a unique position to understand the nature of the trade and attempt to counter its effects. In addition to updating the status of the primate pet trade, we provide recommendations that may help primatologists formulate a plan to deal, locally and regionally, with illegal trafficking in live primates. General guidelines include increasing awareness of local customs, policies and laws; developing collaborative research opportunities for local people; engaging in training/informational opportunities; and instructing on how to take action when encountering illegally‐trafficked primates.
Effective Mass Enhancement and Thermal Conductivity Reduction for Improving the Thermoelectric Properties of Pseudo‐Binary Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Du Wenbing , Gu Yayun , Wang Ke , Yang Xinxin , Xing Juanjuan , Guo Kai , Luo Jun , Zhao Jing‐Tai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGe2Sb2Te5 is a famous phase‐change memory material for rewriteable optical storage, which is widely applied in the information storage field. The stable trigonal phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 shows potential as a thermoelectric material as well, due to its tunable electrical transport properties and low lattice thermal conductivity. In this work, the carrier concentration and effective mass of Ge2Sb2Te5 are modulated by substituting Te with Se. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity reduces from 2.48 W m−1 K−1 for Ge2Sb2Te5 to 1.37 W m−1 K−1 for Ge2Sb2Te3.5Se1.5 at 703 K. Therefore, the thermoelectric figure of merit zT increases from 0.24 for Ge2Sb2Te5 to 0.41 for Ge2Sb2Te3.5Se1.5 at 703 K. This study reveals that Se alloying is an effective way to enhance the thermoelectric properties of Ge2Sb2Te5.
Biocatalytic Feedback‐Controlled Non‐Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Hao Xiang , Yang Kaixiang , Wang Hairong , Peng Feng , Yang Haiyang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNon‐Newtonian fluids are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial applications. Herein, we report an intelligent fluidic system integrating two distinct non‐Newtonian rheological properties mediated by an autocatalytic enzyme reaction. Associative polyelectrolytes bearing a small amount of ionic and alkyl groups are engineered: by carefully balancing the charge density and the hydrophobic effect, the polymer solutions demonstrate a unique shear thickening property at low pH while shear thinning at high pH. The urea‐urease clock reaction is utilized to program a feedback‐induced pH change, leading to a strong upturn of the nonlinear viscoelastic properties. As long as the chemical fuel is supplied, two distinct non‐Newtonian states can be achieved with a tunable lifetime span. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate how the physical energy‐driven nonequilibrium properties can be manipulated by a chemical‐fueled process.
Surface Engineering of g‐C3N4 by Stacked BiOBr Sheets Rich in Oxygen Vacancies for Boosting Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Liu Dongni , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Lu Jianmei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBiOBr containing surface oxygen vacancies (OVs) was prepared by a simple solvothermal method and combined with graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) to construct a heterojunction for photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) and reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). The formation of the heterojunction enhanced the transfer and separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the surface OVs sufficiently exposed catalytically active sites, and enabled capture of photoexcited electrons at the surface of the catalyst. Internal recombination of photogenerated charges was also limited, which contributed to generation of more active oxygen for NO oxidation. Heterojunction and OVs worked together to form a spatial conductive network framework, which achieved 63 % NO removal, 96 % selectivity for carbonaceous products (that is, CO and CH4). The stability of the catalyst was confirmed by cycling experiments and X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy after NO removal.
Molecular Engineering for Metal‐Free Amorphous Materials with Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Zhang Ting , Ma Xiang , Wu Hongwei , Zhu Liangliang , Zhao Yanli , Tian He 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaterials displaying room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have been attracting wide attention in recent years due to their distinctive characteristics including long emissive lifetime and large Stokes shift, and their various applications. Most synthesized RTP materials are metal complexes that display enhanced intersystem crossing and crystallization is a common way to restrict nonradiative transition. Amorphous metal‐free RTP materials, which do not rely on expensive and toxic metals and can be prepared in a straightforward fashion, have become an important branch of the field. This Minireview summarizes recent progress in amorphous RTP materials according to the approaches used to immobilize phosphors: host–guest interactions, molecule doping, copolymers, and small‐molecule self‐assembly. Some existing challenges and insightful perspectives are given at the end of the Minireview, which should benefit the future design and development of amorphous metal‐free RTP materials.
Development and processing of flame retardant cellulose acetate compounds for foaming applications
Authors: Breuer Robert , Zhang Yuxiao , Erdmann Rafael , Vernaez Hernandez Oscar Eduardo , Kabasci Stephan , Kostka Melanie , Reinhardt Nicolas , Facklam Martin , Hopmann Christian 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTCellulose acetate (CA) is a bio‐based polymeric material suitable to replace foamed polystyrene (PS) boards in applications for building insulation. Foam boards can be produced by extrusion foaming with physical blowing agents. In addition, the high heat deflection temperature and good mechanical properties (e.g., tensile and compression strength) of CA make it suitable for the injection molding of technical parts. In general, flame retardancy of foamed products is often required in building or electronic applications. This article presents the effects of various flame retardant (FR) additives, process settings, and the calibration of the foam board on flammability, foam morphology, and mechanical properties of extruded CA boards. Different formulations of FR additives and foaming agents were investigated regarding density and morphology of the foamed boards. Furthermore, investigations on foam behavior for foam injection molding with physical blowing agents were conducted. The foamed parts were characterized with regard to their flammability. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48863.
Is evil rewarded with evil? The market penalty effect of corporate environmentally irresponsible events
Authors: Jin Youliang , Cheng Chen , Zeng Huixiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe negative response of the capital market to environmentally irresponsible events is an important governance mechanism that motivates enterprises to assume environmental responsibility. Based on the theory of effective markets and organizational legitimacy, this paper takes corporate environmentally irresponsible events in Chinese environmentally sensitive industries during the period of 2014–2018 as a research sample, and our work uses the event study methodology to explore the penalty effect of the capital market from a mathematical empirical and case empirical dimension. Furthermore, this research discusses the spillover effect of corporate environmentally irresponsible events in the capital markets. The empirical results show that once an irresponsible event is exposed, it causes a significant negative cumulative abnormal return (CAR) in the short term, and the difference between the industry and the ownership type leads to a significant difference in the duration and impact of the penalty effect. More interestingly, the capital market's penalty for corporate environmentally irresponsible events may have a notable industry spillover effect, but there are differences between the penalty effect and the spillover effect in different markets. This paper confirms that the penalty mechanism of the capital market related to an environmentally irresponsible event can effectively restrain the behaviour of the company involved and the industry to which it belongs, and it may also provide a new way for the government to build an eco‐environmental protection system of multisubject “co‐governance” and bring the punitive “forced” mechanism of the capital market to bear on corporate environmentally responsible behaviour.
The impact of sustainability (environmental, social, and governance) disclosure and board diversity on firm value: The moderating role of industry sensitivity
Authors: Qureshi Muhammad Azeem , Kirkerud Sina , Theresa Kim , Ahsan Tanveer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing a large panel data set comprising 812 listed European firms, this study investigates whether sustainability disclosure (environmental, social, and governance) and female representation on boards affect firm value. We observe a positive impact of sustainability disclosure and board gender diversity on firm value, suggesting that the best management practices, enhanced stakeholder trust, and female representation on boards improve firm value. We observe that the firms in sensitive industries achieve superior social and governance performance. We also observe that the firms with higher female representation on their boards present significantly superior environmental, social, and governance performance. Our results are robust to different firm and country specific control variables and to year‐ and country‐fixed effects.
The relationship between the posterior tibial slope and the sagittal femoral condylar shape: Two circles and ellipses
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Liu Mingyang , Wen Xiaoyu , Liu Shiwei , Zhang Guanpeng , Yang Chen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether the posterior tibial slope (PTS) is associated with the femoral condylar shape has remained unclear. Classical anatomical studies considered the sagittal profiles of femoral condyles to consist of two circles. Recently, an elliptical method was described to simplify the “two circles” model. Our purpose was to analyze the relationship between the PTS and the shape of the sagittal femoral condyle, that is, two circles and two ellipses, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.MethodsEighty right knees of healthy subjects were scanned by MRI at full extension. The medial and lateral PTS were measured (mPTS and lPTS). On the distal‐most medial and lateral slices, the femoral condylar articular surfaces were best fitted by circles or ellipses, respectively. The radii of the medial and lateral posterior circles and inferior circles (rm and rl, Rm and Rl, respectively), the semi‐major axes and the semi‐minor axes of the medial and lateral ellipses (am and al, bm and bl, respectively), and the rm/Rm, bm/am, rl/Rl, bl/al ratios were measured and calculated.ResultsmPTS correlated significantly with the parameters of the medial condyle (all p < .05) and the ratios bm/am and rm/Rm (p = .017 and p = .027, respectively). However, the lPTS did not correlate with the parameters of the lateral condyle (all p > .05) or the ratios bl/al and rl/Rl (p = .461 and p = .241, respectively).ConclusionThe mPTS is associated with the sagittal shape of the medial femoral condyle but the lPTS is not. Both two circles and two ellipses are feasible ways to represent the sagittal femoral condylar shape.
Nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel in elder patients with advanced squamous non‐small‐cell lung cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yang , Dong Yinping , Zhu Hui , Jing Wang , Guo Hongbo , Yu Jinming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess the effect of nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐PTX) chemotherapy regimens in elderly patients (≥70 years old) with advanced squamous non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients and MethodsThe clinical records of elderly patients aged ≥70 years with advanced squamous NSCLC were reviewed retrospectively. All of these patients received nab‐PTX, with or without combination of chemotherapy in Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2017. We analyzed the toxicity profiles, progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR).ResultsTotally, 52 elderly patients with squamous NSCLC were included in the analysis. For all patients, the ORR was 34.6%, the DCR was 80.8%, median PFS was 5.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0‐7.8 months), and median OS was 14.3 months (95% CI: 11.0‐17.8 months). Combination with chemotherapy significantly prolonged OS (19.3 vs 11.2 months, P = .016), despite a nonsignificant improvement in PFS (7.1 vs 4.2 months, P = .060) vs monotherapy. For patients who received nab‐PTX as first‐line treatment, the median PFS and OS were 6.7 months and 17.2 months, respectively, and the median OS in combination therapy subgroup was significantly higher than that in monotherapy group (20.3 vs 11.2 months, P = .013). Meanwhile, the median PFS and OS of patients with nab‐PTX as second‐ or later‐line treatment were 4.4 months and 13.3 months, respectively, but no survival benefit was achieved by the combination chemotherapy when compared with single‐agent chemotherapy. Hematologic toxicities were the most common adverse events (AEs), which include grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (13.7%), thrombocytopenia (4.1%), and anemia (6.8%). The main nonhematologic toxicities were peripheral sensory neuropathy (39.7%), followed by anorexia and nausea/vomiting.ConclusionIn elderly advanced squamous NSCLC patients, the treatment of nab‐PTX was effective and well tolerated.