bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Topic Evolution and Sentiment Polarity for Albinism in a Chinese Online Health Community: Machine Learning and Social Network Analysis
Authors: Bi Qiqing , Shen Lining , Evans Richard , Zhang Zhiguo , Wang Shimin , Dai Wei , Liu Cui 
Published: March 2020

Background
There are more than 6000 rare diseases in existence today, with the number of patients with these conditions rapidly increasing. Most research to date has focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and development of orphan drugs, while few studies have examined the topics and emotions expressed by patients living with rare diseases on social media platforms, especially in online health communities (OHCs).

Objective
This study aimed to determine the topic categorizations and sentiment polarity for albinism in a Chinese OHC, Baidu Tieba, using multiple methods. The OHC was deeply mined using topic mining, social network analysis, and sentiment polarity analysis. Through these methods, we determined the current situation of community construction, identifying the ongoing needs and problems experienced by people with albinism in their daily lives.

Methods
We used the albinism community on the Baidu Tieba platform as the data source in this study. Term frequency–inverse document frequency, latent dirichlet allocation models, and naive Bayes were employed to mine the various topic categories. Social network analysis, which was completed using the Gephi tool, was employed to analyze the evolution of the albinism community. Sentiment polarity analysis was performed using a long short-term memory algorithm.

Results
We identified 8 main topics discussed in the community: daily sharing, family, interpersonal communication, social life and security, medical care, occupation and education, beauty, and self-care. Among these topics, daily sharing represented the largest proportion of the discussions. From 2012 to 2019, the average degree and clustering coefficient of the albinism community continued to decline, while the network center transferred from core communities to core users. A total of 68.43% of the corpus was emotional, with 35.88% being positive and 32.55% negative. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of sentiment polarity between topics (P<.001). Negative emotions were twice as high as positive emotions in the social life and security topic.

Conclusions
The study reveals insights into the emotions expressed by people with albinism in the Chinese OHC, Baidu Tieba, providing health care practitioners with greater appreciation of the current emotional support needed by patients and the patient experience. Current OHCs do not exert enough influence due to limited effective organization and development. Health care sectors should take greater advantage of OHCs to support vulnerable patients with rare diseases to meet their evidence-based needs.
The concept of assessing the scientific and technical competencies of project teams, scientific organizations and universities using readiness levels
Authors: Ilyina E. A. , Motkina Yu. V. , Sushkov P. V. 
Published: March 2020

The achieved and documented innovative readiness levels of PING/TPRL in implemented or current scientific/innovative projects are proposed to use for the digital assessment of the scientific and technical competencies of the researchers/project teams/organizations with respect to innovative project implementation, along with the traditional scientific indicators of the FSMNO.A significant amount of information on scientific and technical competencies in Russian corporations and companies assumes the use of appropriate digital platforms based on artificial intelligence technology for searching and verifying information.
Performance Analysis of Centrifugal Pump at Different Operating Mode
Authors: Lal Bhanwar , Deshmukh Dr. T. S. 
Published: March 2020

The aim of this research is to perform numerical simulation of centrifugal pump and PATs mode to analyse its cavitation characteristics and NPSHr at different operating conditions. It was found that maximum efficiency at design discharge for the PAT is about 2 % less than the efficiency in pump mode. It is observed that the efficiencies increase steadily on increasing the discharge from 8.88 kg/s to 14.8 kg/s. in both pump and turbine mode. Thereafter the rate of increase in efficiency becomes very less when increase in discharge to 17.76 kg/s. Maximum efficiency of 59.49 % being achieved at 14.8 kg/s.
‘The Oceans are Rising and So Are We’: Exploring Utopian Discourses in the School Strike For Climate Movement
Authors: McKnght Heather 
Published: March 2020

This article presents some provisional analysis of discourses presented by school students under the banner of the movements: Fridays for Future, Youth for Climate and School Strike 4 Climate. It contends that these movements go beyond just presenting a vision of an inescapable future, or a simplistic request for adults to listen to science. Instead, their vision is constructive of a better world as they challenge the failures of politicians, and arguably the adult public, demanding to play an active role in policy making when it comes to climate crisis. The article argues that this movement is constructed of a critical utopian discourse expressed through complex temporalities, which define the role of resistance as anticipation. It considers how the anxiety in the Student Strike movement creates a militant optimism, and the narratives of cathedral thinking are demonstrative of an open-ended utopian process.
Development of the concept of state responsibility in succession situations in the light of draft articles of the UN international law commission
Authors: Keshner M. V. 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION. The article considers the concept of a succession of states with regard to the responsibility of states, which has become the subject of discussion by the UN International Law Commission and the preparation of the relevant draft articles. The author studies the methodology of considering the topic with a view to substantiating the idea of transferability of rights and obligations in the context of the responsibility of states, which is to a certain extent contradictory, due to the limited practice of states in this area. In this regard, questions are raised as to whether the new project can solve the problem of fill ing the gap between the regimes of state succession and state responsibility.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The author made a theoretical and empirical analysis of the main sources of international law, the materials of the work of the UN International Law Commission: reports of the special reporter on the succession of states regarding state responsibility, comments and observations of states, state practice, and the practice of international courts on the subject matter. Methodological foundation of research is composed by general scientific (analysis method, synthesis method, systems approach) and private-law methods of obtaining knowledge (formal legal, comparative legal).RESEARCH RESULTS. Based on the study, it is argued that the key ILC approach – the general rule of the lack of succession in respect of international responsibility is not absolute in nature, also contains potentially conflicting aspects. The author comes to the conclusion that the concept of transferability of rights and obligations in the context of state responsibility is to a certain extent contradictory, due to the limited practice of states in this area.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. This article highlights a number of problematic aspects of the draft articles provisionally adopted by the Drafting Committee of the United Nations International Law Commission, as well as the proposed new draft articles in the regulation of specific categories of succession of States in respect of the obligations arising from responsibility. The author concludes that the norms formulated under the theme should take into account the complex legal regime of state responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, which differs from other regimes of succession.
Keeping international law international, a reflection on Anthea Roberts’ “is international law international?”
Authors: Labin D. K. , Potier T. 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION. Occasionally a book appears which has a significant impact on the scholarly community. A fine example of this is the work considered here by the Australian international lawyer, Anthea Roberts. Until very recently, comparative studies on international law were rare. However, as international law further develops and widens, so special attention will need to be paid to ensure that international law students are, to a greater extent, taught the same material and in the same way. As municipal systems of law became more mature, so doctrine and jurisprudence began to diverge. International law has now entered such a phase in its development and, in this excellent book, Dr. Roberts asks a series of very important questions: exactly what is taking place, what are the factors that are driving these processes, is such to be welcomed, is it unstoppable and where do we go from here?MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article reflects on Anthea Roberts’ book “Is International Law International?” (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017). The authors of the article consider the contribution of the monograph to legal science, particularly with its interest in a revived Comparative International Law.RESEARCH RESULTS. The view of the authors of the article is that Anthea Roberts’ book is a work of profound significance, which will, hopefully, inspire additional research in the field of Comparative International Law in years to come.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Comparative International Law is a relatively neglected field in International Law. Without question, the international legal academy (from the elite law schools of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council) emphasises different things both in its scholarly writings and pedagogy. This needs to be given greater attention, even if, at least for now, it cannot be entirely arrested; so that the much-feared fragmentation of international law into not only separate fields and standards, but also in terms of agreeing on its content and application, is minimised.
Counterterrorism meassures: application of international law and the law of the Russian Federation
Authors: Aleshin V. V. 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION. Effective implementation of antiterrorist interstate cooperation is impossible without the creation of an appropriate legal framework. By concluding international treaties, States agree to accept obligations that define the scope of their activities in the areas of cooperation. Moreover, sometimes the necessity arises for emergency antiterrorist response which brings about the application of other than treaty mechanisms like bilateral and multilateral commitments. It seems necessary to pay attention to certain legal mechanisms provided by the UN anti-terrorist treaties, in particular, in the context of the situation in Syria, and some conceptual changes in Russian counter-terrorism legislation.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article uses treaties, national legislation and doctrinal research. The authors rely on various methods to reach their conclusions, among which treaty interpretation is most frequently used.RESEARCH RESULTS. In the article the author shows different mechanisms and spheres of modern cooperation in counter-terrorism and their ineffectiveness owing to political interests of some states. Special attention is paid to legality of actions of the USA and allies in Syria and criminal liability of members of international terrorist organizations.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In this article the authors draw attention to disadvantages of international legal regulation of anti-terrorist cooperation. The article concludes that refusal of compliance with international law in the sphere of counter-terrorism brings about negative consequences for maintenance of international peace and security.
Dalits and mental health: investigating perceptions, stigma and barriers to support in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: French Amber N 
Published: March 2020

Background In Nepal, caste-based disparities have been identified in mental health. The lowest caste, the Dalits, face the greatest discrimination and have a greater prevalence of depression and anxiety when compared with high castes. Therefore, it is important to understand the Dalit communities’ perceptions of mental health, the barriers faced when accessing support and to identify the causes of stigma. Investigating this should provide insight to help inform anti-stigma policies and develop interventions to better support mental health within the community. Methods Ethical approval was granted by the University of Leeds to conduct this study. Participants were recruited through a Dalit community leader gatekeeper identified by the project host. Purposive and snowballing sampling methods were used. 12 participants gave informed consent and took part in semi-structured interviews. Data was transcribed and thematically analysed by the researcher. Results Perceptions of mental health included mad, incurable, not a real disease, and a strong association with substance abuse. The stigma attached to mental health results in Dalits being outcast from their families and subsequently homeless. This is especially problematic for vulnerable women. Barriers identified that prevent Dalits from obtaining mental health support include financial burdens and a lack of awareness and services. Ways of overcoming these barriers were discussed such as raising awareness and education on mental health. Causes of stigma were identified to be supernatural, religious, cultural, the caste-hierarchy and a lack of education. Conclusions There is a need for official mental health education among Dalits in Kathmandu to help prevent stigma and raise awareness of services. An increase in the training of mental health specialists and the implementation of mental health safe houses is required in Kathmandu to increase the availability of support. Further research into the relationship between caste-hierarchy and mental health is also recommended.
Women Rarely Worthy of Study: A History of Curriculum Reform in Ontario Education
Authors: Fine-Meyer R. , Llewellyn K. 
Published: March 2020

The topic of women and education has historically held a strong focus in the history of education field. Feminist scholars brought together the fields of women's studies and the history of education. Their research examined the hierarchies embedded in the social structures of education departments. Such work left an important mark in the historiography of the field, but the focus on women and gender has dropped off in recent years. This is despite the fact that there is still a great deal of work that must be done to effect change. This article explores the stalled progress and even regression towards incorporating women’s histories and stories in schools. We provide a case study analysis of the history of curriculum reform in Ontario from the 1960s to the present to demonstrate that over the last five decades women’s issues have been squeezed into the margins of Ontario’s educational learning objectives and related policy initiatives. We conclude that to support a new wave of feminist consciousness among young people women’s issues must become a mandatory and integral part of education. All women’s issues, ways of knowing, historical experiences, and justice movements must be central to curricular reform.Résumé Le thème des femmes et de l’éducation a toujours été un élément prédominant dans le champ de l’histoire de l’éducation. Les chercheurs féministes ont réuni les champs des études féministes et de l’histoire de l’éducation. Leurs recherches ont étudié les hiérarchies intégrées dans les structures sociales des départements de l’éducation. Bien que ce travail ait marqué l’historiographie de manière importante, l’accent mis sur les femmes et le genre a chuté au cours des dernières années. Ceci en dépit du fait qu’il reste beaucoup de travail à faire pour produire du changement. Cet article explore la stagnation, et même la régression, du mouvement vers l’intégration des femmes et de leurs histoires dans les écoles. Nous présentons une analyse de l’histoire de la réforme des programmes scolaires en Ontario des années 1960 à aujourd’hui pour démontrer qu’au cours des cinq dernières décennies, les enjeux relatifs aux femmes ont été réduits aux marges des objectifs éducatifs de l’Ontario et des initiatives politiques connexes. Nous concluons que pour soutenir une nouvelle vague de conscience féministe chez les jeunes, les enjeux relatifs aux femmes doivent devenir une partie intégrante et obligatoire de l’éducation.
Combien ou comment ? Les femmes canadiennes dans les récits scolaires et dans la mémoire collective, rétrospective des recherches depuis 1980
Authors: Brunet Marie-Hélène 
Published: March 2020

L’histoire des femmes peine toujours à faire sa place dans la mémoire collective et dans l’enseignement de l’histoire au Canada. Le présent article propose une courte recension des écrits publiés depuis 1980 à ce sujet. Si certaines recherches ont posé la question à savoir « combien » de femmes étaient présentes dans les récits, c’est surtout le « comment » qui a intéressé les chercheuses et les chercheurs. Les études, provenant des départements d’histoire et des facultés d’éducation, ont porté sur trois aspects : la mémoire collective, les manuels scolaires et la compréhension des élèves du rôle des femmes dans l’histoire. Malgré la très lente évolution de la représentation des femmes dans la trame narrative de l’histoire canadienne, l’analyse des recherches sur cette question permet un regard critique sur la construction des récits historiques et mène à une réflexion nécessaire sur les événements commémoratifs récents. Women’s history is still waiting to gain more place in collective memory and history teaching in Canada. This article provides a brief review of the literature published since 1980 on this topic. While some research has posed the question of "how many" women are present in the narratives, "how they are represented" was the focus of most researchers. Studies from history departments and faculties of education concentrated on three aspects: collective memory, textbooks, and student understanding of women’s agency. Despite the very slow evolution of the representation of women in the narrative framework of Canadian history, this paper allows a critical perspective at the construction of historical narratives and leads to a necessary closer look on recent commemorative events.
Consideration on the improvement of assistive products’ availability and the awareness of rehabilitation professionals in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Mehedi Hasan , Oku Hidehisa , Nakagawa Akio , Sano Mitsuhiko 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In Bangladesh, 9.1% of people are disabled, but production and distribution of assistive products (AP) have not been sufficient up to now. Ensuring APs are in the market, and suggesting appropriate APs to the users, are two crucial points in Bangladesh, but there are no data about available APs and the awareness of rehabilitation professionals (RP). To improve this situation, this research was carried out to reveal the number of available APs and the awareness of RPs about APs. METHOD: Data from two important disability-oriented organizations in Bangladesh were collected, including RPs from those organizations. RESULTS: The result revealed that 23 out of 50 kinds of APs from the assistive products list (APL) of WHO were available in Bangladesh. In terms of awareness, an average of 24 APs from the APL were known by the RPs. Only 6% of RPs knew all the 23 APs available in Bangladesh. A total of 47% of RPs got information on APs from the internet, but 92% of them didn’t know any database of APs. CONCLUSION: The study indicated that APs are insufficient, and the awareness of RPs about APs is inadequate in Bangladesh.
Duck Genetic Resources, Their Improvement And Conservation In Bangladesh: A Review
Authors: Hamid MA 
Published: March 2020

The present article addresses the scenario of duck genetic resources, their production and reproduction performances, their improvement and conservation in Bangladesh. The duck, among other poultry species available in the country, are used for meat and egg production. The duck germplasm available in the country are indigenous/native, improved native, exotic and their crosses. The native duck population is comprised of Indigenous Non-descript, Deshi White, Deshi Black, Nageshwari, Sylhet Mete etc. The improved native such as, BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 are developed by Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. The exotic duck such as, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, Jending, Muscovy, White Pekin, Cherry Valley, Thailand Black etc. are also used at farms level. The crossbred of different ducks are used in the country at different farming systems. Improvement and conservation of native duck are ongoing both in-situ and ex-situ in vivo by DLS, BLRI, BAU and also by others. The present study provided baseline information on duck germplasm of Bangladesh which could be useful for future genetic characterization, improvement and conservation.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 31-42 (2019)
An Economic Analysis Of Government Custom Hiring Services For Different Farm Machineries In Bhutan
Authors: Kinga N , Chetem W 
Published: March 2020

Farmers in Bhutan trend to own agricultural machineries though the individual area under farm mechanization is not enough. Hiring out or in of farm machineries as a business enterprise need to be advocated. Therefore, an effort was made in this study to generate some parameters regarding farm machinery business at farm level based on practical experience. Bhutanese Government has endorsed some users’ parameters including cost and return which are used to guide the custom rates for different machineries for farmers and service providers. The study’s objective was to generate different empirical formula for different farm machineries which shall help to propose varying custom hiring rates based on the projected operation days based on the government endorsed parameters. It is also to ascertain whether the present rates charged by Farm Machinery Corporation Limited bring a positive return to its custom hiring business for different machines. The study revealed that the operation cost of farm machinery includes both fixed cost and variable cost. Cost, return and break-even data for different farm machineries give a confident opinion for the owners and Farm Machinery Corporation Limited (FMCL) to take up the hiring scheme as a profitable business. The custom hiring rate also gives a good guide on the custom hiring rates to be charged based on the operating days in the country. On endorsed hiring rates and parameters by government, FMCL shall be able to make a huge profit annually especially on tractors and mini combine harvesters as compared to other machineries by Nu 0.51M and 0.39 M respectively. All other machines are also making a profit annually under the government endorsed parameters. However, there is also an opportunity to reduce the custom rates to bring down the overall cost of cultivation of respective crops using the machines.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 93-101 (2019)