bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Dental Fracturing in Electroconvulsive Therapy in Sweden
Authors: Göterfelt Linda , Ekman Carl Johan , Hammar Åsa , Landén Mikael , Lundberg Johan , Nordanskog Pia , Nordenskjöld Axel 
Published: January 2020

Objectives
One adverse effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is dental fracture; thus, a bite guard and muscle relaxants are used to prevent it. Earlier research reported varying rates of dental fracture, but there is no large-scale study on the incidence of dental fracture during ECT. This study aimed to examine the incidence of dental fracture during ECT and to investigate whether the incidence differs between different sexes, age groups, diagnosis groups, electrode placements, or number of treatment sessions.

Methods
This register-based study used data from the Swedish national quality register for ECT. All hospitals offering ECT report to this register, and the coverage ratio is about 90%. All registered patients who started an ECT series between January 2012 and January 2019 were included in this study, with the data representing 16,681 individuals, 38,862 series, and 254,906 sessions.

Results
Forty-six dental fractures were identified, giving an incidence of dental fracture of 0.2% per series, 0.02% per session, and 0.3% per individual. We did not find any significant associations between dental fracture rates and male or female populations, age, or different diagnosis groups, nor was there any significant difference between dental fracture rates and electrode placement. The mean number of treatments was significantly higher in the dental fracture group than in patients without dental fracture.

Conclusions
There is a minimal risk of dental fracture during ECT. Our findings, together with those of other studies, provide further motivation for the use of a bite guard and muscle relaxant.
Life course exposures continually shape antibody profile and risk of seroconversion to influenza
Authors: Yang Bingyi , Lessler Justin , Zhu Huachen , Jiang Chao Qiang , Read Jonathan M. , Hay James A. , Kwok Kin On , Shen Ruiyin , Guan Yi , Riley Steven , Cummings Derek A.T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractComplex exposure histories and immune mediated interactions between influenza strains contribute to the life course of human immunity to influenza. Antibody profiles can be generated by characterizing immune responses to multiple antigenically variant strains, but how these profiles vary across individuals and determine future responses is unclear. We used hemagglutination inhibition titers from 21 H3N2 strains to construct 777 paired antibody profiles from people aged 2 to 86, and developed novel metrics to capture features of these profiles. Total antibody titer per potential influenza exposure increases in early life, then decreases in middle age. Increased titers to one or more strains were seen in 97.8% of participants, suggesting widespread influenza exposure. While titer changes were seen to all strains, recently circulating strains exhibited the greatest variation. Higher pre-existing, homologous titers reduced the risk of seroconversion to recent strains. After adjusting for homologous titer, we also found an increased frequency of seroconversion among those with higher immunity to older previously exposed strains. Our results suggest that a comprehensive quantitative description of immunity encompassing past exposures could lead to improved correlates of risk of influenza.
Glucocorticoid Receptor ablation promotes cardiac regeneration by hampering cardiomyocyte terminal differentiation
Authors: Pianca Nicola , Pontis Francesca , Chirivì Maila , Papa Valentina , Braga Luca , Patnala Rahul Shastry , Bongiovanni Chiara , Mazzeschi Martina , Umansky Kfir-Baruch , Cenacchi Giovanna , Lauriola Mattia , Giacca Mauro , Rizzi Roberto , Tzahor Eldad , D’Uva Gabriele 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn mammals, glucocorticoid levels rise dramatically shortly before birth and prepare the foetus for post-natal life by promoting the maturation of the lungs and other organs. However, their impact on cardiac postnatal growth and regenerative plasticity is unknown.Here, we demonstrate that exposure to endogenous glucocorticoids facilitates cell cycle exit and reduces the proliferation of neonatal cardiomyocytes. This cytostatic activity is shared by several synthetic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists routinely used in clinical settings. We also observed that GR levels increase in cardiomyocytes during early post-natal development. Importantly,in vivocardiomyocyte-specific GR ablation delayed the transition from hyperplastic (increase in cell number) to hypertrophic (increase in cell size) growth. Further, GR ablation partially impaired cardiomyocyte maturation, reducing myofibrils-mitochondria organization along with the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial respiration and energy transfer from mitochondria to the cytosol. Finally, we show increased cardiomyocyte proliferation in GR ablated juvenile and adult cardiomyocytes in response to myocardial infarctionin vivo, thus promoting cardiac tissue regeneration.We suggest that GR antagonization could serve as a strategy for heart regeneration based on endogenous cardiomyocyte renewal.
Human CTC1 primarily functions in telomere maintenance/protection and promotes CHK1 phosphorylation in response to global replication stress
Authors: Ackerson Stephanie M. , Gable Caroline I. , Stewart Jason A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTCST (CTC1-STN1-TEN1) is a heterotrimeric, RPA-like protein that binds to single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and functions in the replication of telomeric and non-telomeric DNA. Previous studies have shown that deletion of CTC1 results in decreased cell proliferation and telomeric DNA damage signaling. However, a detailed analysis of the consequences of conditional CTC1 knockout (KO) have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of CTC1 KO on cell cycle progression, genome-wide replication and activation of the DNA damage response. We find that CTC1 KO results in p53-mediated G2 arrest and increased apoptosis, but not genome-wide replication defects or DNA damage. Instead, the G2 arrest is dependent on the accumulation of telomeric RPA following CTC1 KO, suggesting that the primary function of CST is in telomere end protection and maintenance not genome-wide replication. However, despite increased RPA-ssDNA, global CHK1 phosphorylation was not detected in CTC1 KO cells. Further analysis revealed that CTC1 KO significantly inhibits CHK1 phosphorylation following hydroxyurea-induced replication stress, due to decreased levels of the ATR activator TopBP1. Overall, our results identify that telomere not genome-wide DNA damaging signaling leads to decrease proliferation following CTC1 deletion and that CST promotes ATR-CHK1 signaling through the regulation of TopBP1.
The media roller coaster: The Dawn and evolution of Multimedia Ventures in Middle East and beyond
Authors: Spraggon Martin , Bodolica Virginia 
Published: January 2020

Learning outcomes
Upon completion of this case study analysis, students should be able to: perform a detailed diagnosis of an entrepreneurial venture, applying relevant strategic management tools and techniques; evaluate the effectiveness of managerial actions and decisions at different stages of organizational lifecycle; and demonstrate the importance of strategic adaptation of organizations through the deployment of viable decision-making skills.

Case overview/synopsis
This case describes the story of Multimedia Ventures, a small business located in the UAE that provides media solutions to cleaning and hygiene-related technology sectors. The company was founded through a partnership arrangement and later transformed into a family enterprise. The case study illustrates the firm operations from its grass root stages to being a well-known name in the cleaning industry, both within the Middle East and beyond. Since its establishment in 2008, Multimedia Ventures has embarked on a path of continuous growth with the ambition of globalizing activities to offer various media solutions to customers worldwide. To achieve this objective, the company engaged in collaborations with many international partners to facilitate the exchange of expertise and increase the scale of operations. Yet, the Managing Director of Multimedia Ventures, Mr Arjun Khatri, was currently faced with two difficult strategic decisions that were critically important for the future development of his enterprise.

Complexity academic level
Undergraduate courses.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Exploitation of shared knowledge and creative behavior: the role of social context
Authors: Kim Sang Soo 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to examine how exploitation of shared knowledge is related to creative behavior by focusing on the roles of social contextual factors – perceived co-worker support and perceived relationship conflict.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed research model in this study posits the following: exploitation mediates the relationship between shared knowledge and creative behavior and perceived co-worker support and perceived relationship conflict moderate the relationship between shared knowledge and creative behavior. For an empirical examination, the model was tested by PLS-SEM using 457 responses gathered from workers of different companies in Korea.FindingsIt turned out that knowledge exploitation fully mediates the relationship between shared knowledge and creative behavior. Also, the findings revealed that the stronger the perceived co-workers support is the stronger the relationship between shared knowledge and knowledge exploitation becomes. In contrast, perceived relationship conflict has a negative moderating effect on the relationship.Originality/valueThis study helps to deepen the understanding of how knowledge sharing impacts creative behavior in light of social context and the active utilization of shared knowledge. In addition, this study attempts to provide new perspectives by suggesting double aspects of perceived relationship conflict, which eventually extending the previous research on conflict in the field of knowledge management and creative behavior.
Crystal orientation dependence of alternating current photo-assisted (ACPEC) porous silicon for potential optoelectronic application
Authors: Abd Rahim Alhan Farhanah , Mustakim Aida Azrenda , Mohd Razali Nurul Syuhadah , Mahmood Ainorkhilah , Radzali Rosfariza , Zoolfakar Ahmad Sabirin , Mohd Ali Yusnita 
Published: January 2020

PurposePorous silicon (PS) was successfully fabricated using an alternating current photo-assisted electrochemical etching (ACPEC) technique. This study aims to compare the effect of different crystal orientation of Sin(100) andn(111) on the structural and optical characteristics of the PS.Design/methodology/approachPS was fabricated using ACPEC etching with a current density of J = 10 mA/cm2and etching time of 30 min. The PS samples denoted by PS100and PS111were etched using HF-based solution under the illumination of an incandescent white light.FindingsFESEM images showed that the porous structure of PS100was a uniform circular shape with higher density and porosity than PS111. In addition, the AFM indicated that the surface roughness of porousn(100) was less than porousn(111). Raman spectra of the PS samples showed a stronger peak with FWHM of 4.211 cm−1and redshift of 1.093 cm−1. High resolution X-ray diffraction revealed cubic Si phases in the PS samples with tensile strain for porousn(100) and compressive strain for porousn(111). Photoluminescence observation of porousn(100) and porousn(111) displayed significant visible emissions at 651.97 nm (Eg = 190eV) and 640.89 nm (Eg = 1.93 eV) which was because of the nano-structure size of silicon through the quantum confinement effect. The size of Si nanostructures was approximately 8 nm from a quantized state effective mass theory.Originality/valueThe work presented crystal orientation dependence of Sin(100) andn(111) for the formation of uniform and denser PS using new ACPEC technique for potential visible optoelectronic application. The ACPEC technique has effectively formed good structural and optical characteristics of PS.
Urbanization and translocation disrupt the relationship between host density and parasite abundance
Authors: DeVore Jayna L. , Shine Richard , Ducatez Simon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe species interactions that structure natural communities are increasingly disrupted by radical habitat change resulting from the widespread processes of urbanization and species translocations. Although many species are disadvantaged by these changes, others thrive in these new environments, achieving densities that exceed those in natural habitats. Often the same species that benefit from urbanization are successful invaders in introduced habitats, suggesting that similar processes promote these species in both environments.Both processes may especially benefit certain species by modifying their interactions with harmful parasites (‘enemy release’). To detect such modifications, we first need to identify the mechanisms underlying host–parasite associations in natural populations, then test whether they are disrupted in cities and introduced habitats.We studied the interaction between the cane toadRhinella marina, a globally invasive species native to South America, and itsAmblyommaticks. Our field study of 642 cane toads across 46 sites within their native range in French Guiana revealed that 56% of toads carried ticks, and that toads with ticks were in poor body condition relative to uninfected conspecifics. Across natural and disturbed habitats tick prevalence and abundance increased with toad density, but this association was disrupted in the urban environment, where tick abundance remained low even where toad densities were high, and prevalence decreased with density.Reductions in the abundance of ticks in urban habitats may be attributable to pesticides (which are sprayed for mosquito control but are also lethal to ticks), and our literature review shows that tick abundance is generally lower in cane toads from urban habitats across South America. In the invasive range, ticks were either absent (in 1,960 toads from Puerto Rico, Hawai'i, Japan and Australia) or less abundant (in Florida and the Caribbean; literature review).The positive relationship between host density and parasite abundance is thought to be a key mechanism through which parasites regulate host populations; anthropogenic processes that disrupt this relationship may allow populations in urban and introduced habitats to persist at densities that would otherwise lead to severe impacts from parasites.
Automatic Classification of Bloodstain Patterns Caused by Gunshot and Blunt Impact at Various Distances
Authors: Liu Yu , Attinger Daniel , De Brabanter Kris 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe forensics discipline of bloodstain pattern analysis plays an important role in crime scene analysis and reconstruction. One reconstruction question is whether the blood has been spattered via gunshot or blunt impact such as beating or stabbing. This paper proposes an automated framework to classify bloodstain spatter patterns generated under controlled conditions into either gunshot or blunt impact classes. Classification is performed using machine learning. The study is performed with 94 blood spatter patterns which are available as public data sets, designs a set of features with possible relevance to classification, and uses the random forests method to rank the most useful features and perform classification. The study shows that classification accuracy decreases with the increasing distance between the target surface collecting the stains and the blood source. Based on the data set used in this study, the model achieves 99% accuracy in classifying spatter patterns at distances of 30 cm, 93% accuracy at distances of 60 cm, and 86% accuracy at distances of 120 cm. Results with 10 additional backspatter patterns also show that the presence of muzzle gases can reduce classification accuracy.
Estimating density from presence/absence data in clustered populations
Authors: Ekström Magnus , Sandring Saskia , Grafström Anton , Esseen Per‐Anders , Jonsson Bengt Gunnar , Ståhl Göran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInventories of plant populations are fundamental in ecological research and monitoring, but such surveys are often prone to field assessment errors. Presence/absence (P/A) sampling may have advantages over plant cover assessments for reducing such errors. However, the linking between P/A data and plant density depends on model assumptions for plant spatial distributions. Previous studies have shown, for example, how that plant density can be estimated under Poisson model assumptions on the plant locations. In this study, new methods are developed and evaluated for linking P/A data with plant density assuming that plants occur in clustered spatial patterns.New theory was derived for estimating plant density under Neyman–Scott‐type cluster models such as the Matérn and Thomas cluster processes. Suggested estimators, corresponding confidence intervals and a proposed goodness‐of‐fit test were evaluated in a Monte Carlo simulation study assuming a Matérn cluster process. Furthermore, the estimators were applied to plant data from environmental monitoring in Sweden to demonstrate their empirical application.The simulation study showed that our methods work well for large enough sample sizes. The judgment of what is' large enough’ is often difficult, but simulations indicate that a sample size is large enough when the sampling distributions of the parameter estimators are symmetric or mildly skewed. Bootstrap may be used to check whether this is true. The empirical results suggest that the derived methodology may be useful for estimating density of plants such asLeucanthemum vulgareandScorzonera humilis.By developing estimators of plant density from P/A data under realistic model assumptions about plants' spatial distributions, P/A sampling will become a more useful tool for inventories of plant populations. Our new theory is an important step in this direction.
Patient‐reported Outcome Measures in Emergency Care Research: A Primer for Researchers, Peer Reviewers, and Readers
Authors: Kim Howard S. , Courtney D. Mark , McCarthy Danielle M. , Cella David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are of increasing importance in clinical research because they capture patients’ experience with well‐being, illness, and their interactions with health care. Because PROs tend to focus on specific symptoms (e.g., pain, anxiety) or general assessments of patient functioning and quality of life that offer unique advantages compared to traditional clinical outcomes (e.g., mortality, emergency department revisits), emergency care researchers may benefit from incorporation of PRO measures into their research design as a primary or secondary outcome. Patients may also benefit from the ability of PROs to inform clinical practice and facilitate patient decision making, as PROs are obtained directly from the lived experience of other patients with similar conditions or health status. This review article introduces and defines key terminology relating to PROs, discusses reasons for utilizing PROs in clinical research, outlines basic psychometric and practical assessments that can be used to select a specific PRO measure, and highlights examples of commonly utilized PRO measures in emergency care research.
Another window into tumor microenvironment: a case of Β‐cell rich folliculotropic mycosis fungoides responding to rituximab
Authors: Nikolaou Vasiliki , Iliakis Theodoros , Marinos Leonidas , Voudouri Dimitra , Sidiropoulou Polytimi , Rigopoulos Dimitris , Stratigos Alexander J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe role of tumor infiltrating immune cells in cancer development and progression is a new, promising field in oncological research. An increasing number of novel anti‐cancer agents are focussing on the tumor microenvironment. Various studies have reported on B‐cell infiltrates in mycosis fungoides (MF), but despite the substantial volume of interesting findings, solid evidence regarding their specific role in cancer is still vague. We present a case of tumor stage MF responding to rituximab. We support the hypothesis that lymphoma‐infltrating B‐cells have a significant impact on cutaneous lymphoma course and seem to be both an important and effective therapeutic target. The reduction of B‐cell population led to disease’s overall remission, probably by restoring patient’s immunologic tumor control.
Iontophoretic delivery of methotrexate in the treatment of palmar psoriasis: A randomised controlled study
Authors: Andanooru Chandrappa Naveen Kumar , Channakeshavaiah Ravikumar Banavase , Rangegowda Suresh Mahadevarahalli 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPalmoplantar psoriasis is a localised variant of psoriasis. Topical therapy is the preferred treatment modality, but in severe and recalcitrant cases, systemic drugs like methotrexate are prescribed, with potential for significant adverse effects. Iontophoresis is gaining popularity in enhancing the transdermal delivery of drugs in ionic state. This study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy of topical methotrexate by iontophoresis technique with clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment in the treatment of palmar psoriasis.MethodsThis was a prospective randomised controlled study conducted on patients with palmar psoriasis. Group 1 patients (n = 31) were treated with once weekly iontophoretic delivery of methotrexate over 6 sittings, and group 2 patients (n = 31) were treated with clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment, twice daily for 6 weeks. Severity of palmar psoriasis was assessed by modified Palmoplantar Pustular Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (m‐PPPASI), and treatment was considered as satisfactory when there was >50% improvement.ResultsSixty two patients were recruited, of which 50 completed the study. Eight out of 25 (32%) patients in group 1 and 12 out of 25 (48%) patients in group 2 showed satisfactory improvement at the end of 6 weeks. However, this difference was statistically not significant (P = 0.25). Burn injury was noted in 12 (48%) group 1 patients with no adverse effects in group 2.ConclusionIontophoretic delivery of methotrexate is a promising therapeutic modality, the efficacy of which is comparable to that of clobetasol propionate ointment in the treatment of palmar psoriasis.