bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mathematics of Testing with Application to Prevalence of COVID-19
Authors: Hanin Leonid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe formulate three basic assumptions that should ideally guide any well-designed COVID-19 prevalence study. We provide, on the basis of these assumptions alone, a full derivation of mathematical formulas required for statistical analysis of testing data. In particular, we express the disease prevalence in a population through those for its homogeneous subpopulations. Although some of these formulas are routinely employed in prevalence studies, the study design often contravenes the assumptions upon which these formulas vitally depend. We also designed a natural prevalence estimator from the testing data and studied some of its properties. The results are equally valid for diseases other than COVID-19 as well as in non-epidemiological settings.
Deeper insights into long-term survival heterogeneity of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients using integrative individual- and group-level transcriptome network analyses
Authors: Bhardwaj Archana , Josse Claire , Van Daele Daniel , Poulet Christophe , Chavez Marcela , Struman Ingrid , Van Steen Kristel 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is categorized as the seventh leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Its predictive markers for long-term survival are not well known. Therefore, it is interesting to delineate individual-specific perturbed genes when comparing long-term (LT) and short-term (ST) PDAC survivors, and to exploit the integrative individual- and group-based transcriptome profiling.MethodUsing a discovery cohort of 19 PDAC patients from CHU-Liège (Belgium), we first performed differential gene expression (DGE) analysis comparing LT to ST survivor. Second, we adopted unsupervised systems biology approaches to obtain gene modules linked to clinical features. Third, we created individual-specific perturbation profiles and identified key regulators across the LT patients. Furthermore, we applied two gene prioritization approaches: random walk-based Degree-Aware disease gene prioritizing (DADA) method to develop PDAC disease modules; Network-based Integration of Multi-omics Data (NetICS) to integrate group-based and individual-specific perturbed genes in relation to PDAC LT survival.FindingsWe identified 173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ST and LT survivors and five modules (including 38 DEGs) showing associations to clinical traits such as tumor size and chemotherapy. DGE analysis identified differences in genes involved in metabolic and cell cycle activity. Validation of DEGs in the molecular lab suggested a role of REG4 and TSPAN8 in PDAC survival. Individual-specific omics changes across LT survivors revealed biological signatures such as focal adhesion and extracellular matrix receptors, implying a potential role in molecular-level heterogeneity of LT PDAC survivors. Via NetICS and DADA we not only identified various known oncogenes such as CUL1, SCF62, EGF, FOSL1, MMP9, and TGFB1, but also highlighted novel genes (TAC1, KCNH7, IRS4, DKK4).InterpretationOur proposed analytic workflow shows the advantages of combining clinical and omics data as well as individual- and group-level transcriptome profiling. It suggested novel potential transcriptome marks of LT survival heterogeneity in PDAC.FundingTélévie-FRS-FNRS
Characterizing the lipid-protein interface of the human serotonin transporter by crosslinking mass spectrometry
Authors: DeMarco A.G. , Ferraro N.A. , Sweigard K. , Cascio M. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAltered serotonin (5-HT) levels contribute to disease states such as depression and anxiety. Synaptic serotonin concentration is partially regulated by the serotonin transporter (SERT), making this transporter an important therapeutic target. This study seeks to examine the lipid accessible domains of hSERT to provide critical information regarding the apo-state of this transporter in a lipid environment. Recombinant hSERT was inducibly expressed in a human cell line. Solubilized SERT was purified by affinity chromatography using a FLAG Tag and reconstituted into mixed lipid vesicles containing our photoactivatable lipid probe. The lipid-accessible domains of the reconstituted transporter in membranes in its apo-state were probed via photocrosslinking to azi-cholesterol followed by quadrupole time of flight liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (QTOF-LC-MS). MS studies identified crosslinks in three transmembrane loops consistent with the known topology of SERT. Surprisingly, the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains were similarly crosslinked by cholesterol, suggesting that these regions may also be intimately associated with the lipid bilayer. The data presented herein assist in further refining our understanding of the topography of the apo-state of hSERT via analysis of lipid accessibility.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in relation with cervical cytology in Bengali population of India
Authors: Banerjee Puja , Bondhopadhyay Arghya , Rakshit Bibek Mohan , Pal Amitava , Basu Anupam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the major infectious agents of cervical cancer. Papanicolaou (pap) smear study is generally carried out to screen the initial cervical condition and consequently specific PCR based study is carried out to recognize the different types of HPV. In the present study, we would like to screen the frequency of HPV infection in the women with normal and abnormal cervical discharges.MethodsIn our study, 216 subjects were recruited. Cervical cytology was done by Pap smear test. Nested PCR was carried out using MY09/11 and GP 5+/6+ primers to screen HPV infection.Result and conclusionA significant co-relation between HPV infection and early sexual intercourse was observed. We found a higher HPV prevalence in the age group below 29 years(35.48%). 85.71% SCC patients were positive for HPV infection, 80% HSIL patients were positive for HPV infection, 75% LSIL patients were positive for HPV infection; 66.7% ASCUS patients were positive for HPV infection. 50% ASC-H patients were positive for HPV infection. HPV positive was found in 22.22% of the subjects, among them 16.75% show normal cytology (NILM).
Effects of high-intensity interval training in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Xu Dongmei , Sun Guozhen , Jiang Zhixin , Tian Jinping , Shan Qijun 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundHigh-intensity interval training, for its characteristic of short-time high oxygen-consumption exercise interphase with periods of low-intensity training or rest for recovery, is easier to persist and execute in cardiac rehabilitation. However, it is little known whether HIIT program has an advantageous effect on patients after percutaneous coronary intervention or not.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on HIIT program in patients after PCI were searched in Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, EMbase, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and SinoMed from the inception to March 24, 2020. Two reviewers conducted the literature retrieval, data extraction, and quality assessment independently. Standard Mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed to summarize the effect sizes.Results6 RCTs (247 patients) met the criteria. HIIT program had a statistically significant effect on raising left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) (SMD=0.38, 95%CI[0.03, 0.73], p=0.03), VO2peak (SMD=0.94, 95%CI[0.61, 1.28], p<0.01), as well as improving the serum level of high-density lipoprotein (SMD=0.55, 95%CI[0.06, 1.03], p=0.03) and late luminal loss (SMD=−0.65, 95%CI[−1.07, −0.23], p<0.01). But HIIT had no prominent effect on improving heart rate (SMD=−0.04, 95%CI[-0.29, 0.21], p=0.73).ConclusionsHIIT program might be favorable for CAD patients after PCI by improving cardiopulmonary function, such as LVEF and VO2peak, as well as reducing late luminal loss in per stented arteries. Nevertheless, HIIT had no advantage for adjusting heart rate. More researches with rigorous methods are warranted to explore the controversy about lipid profiles.
The Mini Linguistic State Examination (MLSE): a brief but accurate assessment tool for classifying Primary Progressive Aphasias
Authors: Patel Nikil , Peterson Katie A. , Ingram Ruth , Storey Ian , Cappa Stefano F. , Catricala Eleonora , Patterson Karalyn E. , Ralph Matthew A. Lambon , Rowe James B. , Garrard Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis paper introduces a new clinical test, the Mini Linguistic State Examination (MLSE), as a short assessment for screening and classification of the different manifestations of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Differentiation and monitoring of PPA variants are vital for management, planning and development of new treatments. The MLSE is designed to improve the uniformity of testing, screening for recruitment to clinical trials, and consistency of research results. It is a brief but effective test which can be adapted to the world’s major languages.MethodsFifty-four patients and 30 age-, sex- and education-matched controls completed testing with the MLSE and components of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination in addition to their standard clinical diagnostic assessment. The MLSE includes five domains (motor speech, phonology, semantics, syntax and working memory) that were compared across groups. A random forest classification was used to learn the relationship between these five domains and assess the power of the diagnostic accuracy for predicting PPA subtypes. The final machine learning model was used to create a decision tree to guide the optimal manual classification of patients.ResultsOn average, the test took less than 20 minutes to administer. Significant group differences were found across all five domains, in terms of the distributions of error-types. These differences mirror the well-known language profiles for the three main PPA variants, which typically require an extended neuropsychology and speech pathology assessment. The random forest prediction model had an overall classification accuracy of 96% (92% for logopenic variant PPA, 93% for semantic variant PPA and 98% for non-fluent variant PPA). The derived decision tree for manual classification produced correct classification of 91% of participants whose data were not included in the training set.ConclusionsThe MLSE is a new short cognitive test, with a scoring system that is easy to learn and apply. It is accurate for classifying PPA syndromes, and has potential to screen and monitor language deficits that occur in other focal and neurodegenerative brain disorders associated with language impairment. With increasing importance of language assessment in clinical research, the MLSE’s linguistic assessment tool enables the essential profiling of language deficits in a wide clinical community.
Lonely heart? Warm it up with love: the effect of loneliness on singles’ and non-singles’ conspicuous consumption
Authors: Liu Wei , Guo Zhaoyang , Chen Rui 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine how loneliness, romantic relationship status (single/non-single) and romantic attachment factors (sociosexual orientation index (SOI), satisfaction with current relationship) interactively affect conspicuous consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
Five quasi-experimental studies were conducted with different measures of conspicuous consumption across a variety of samples (N = 1189).

Findings
Study 1 shows that loneliness increased singles’ but not non-singles’ conspicuous consumption. Study 2A further shows the mediating role of the mating motive amongst singles. Study 2B compared conspicuous and inconspicuous consumption and showed no interaction effect between loneliness and romantic relationship status in the domain of inconspicuous consumption. Studies 3 and 4 tested whether the effects of loneliness on non-singles’ conspicuous consumption were moderated by SOI and satisfaction with current relationship, respectively. Specifically, lonely non-singles with high SOI or low satisfaction with current relationship sought conspicuous consumption, but those with low SOI or high satisfaction with the current relationship avoided conspicuous consumption.

Research limitations/implications
This study did not specifically consider different roots of loneliness (lack of romantic love, friendship or family attachment) between singles and non-singles, which future research should explore.

Practical implications
The findings have implications for both marketers and policymakers regarding marketing campaigns for conspicuous products, support programmes satisfying the specific social attachment needs of different lonely people, etc.

Originality/value
This study identifies a specific social attachment desire of the lonely, namely, romantic motive, by which loneliness influences singles’ and non-singles’ conspicuous consumption in different ways. The findings suggest the value of distinguishing types of loneliness.
Generational cohort theory and wine: analyzing how gen Z differs from other American wine consuming generations
Authors: Thach Liz , Riewe Sam , Camillo Angelo 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the wine consumption preferences and behavior of Gen Z wine consumers in the USA and to determine if and how Gen Z differ from other major generational cohorts in the USA. This study applies the concepts of generational cohort theory to the US wine market to examine similarities and differences between age cohorts and their potential impact on future wine sales.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative survey was conducted with a quota sample of 1,136 US wine consumers located in all 50 states. Data analysis included one-way ANOVA analysis to test the null hypothesis that the generational cohort means are equal. If the test detected at least one mean difference across cohorts, then pairwise comparisons were performed to identify, which groups differed. The Tukey–Kramer method was used for all post hoc tests. Basic descriptive statistics were also calculated.FindingsThe results show some parallels in terms of similar consumption levels and a higher preference for red wine across all cohorts. However, on the majority of other common wine consumer research topics, Gen Z shows significant differences. Of specific interest, Gen Z consumers report higher levels of preference for sparkling wine than other cohorts; prefers to drink in social situations; are much more interested in labels and package; make decisions based on varietal and alcohol level and are much more engaged on Instagram and Snapchat social media platforms – all pointed to new marketing tactics needed to reach this new consumer segment.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical wine research study to explore the wine preferences and behaviors of Gen Z in the US market. This is valuable because Gen Z is a very large population of consumers, comprising 32% of the world population (Miller and Wei, 2018) and already represent more than $143bn in buying power (Dill, 2015). They are expected to have a huge impact on consumer products, not only in the USA but also on a global basis. Given that the USA is currently the largest wine market in the world in both volume and value (Wine Institute, 2019; VinExpo, 2018), it is important that research is conducted on this new and powerful generation.
Explaining alternative termination modes of international joint ventures
Authors: Konara Palitha , Stone Zita , Mohr Alex 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe authors combine options logic with transaction cost economics to explain why firms maintain, divest or buy out their international joint ventures (IJVs). It is suggested that a decline in environmental risk and higher partner-related risk makes a firm more likely to acquire an IJV but less likely to divest an IJV. The study also investigates how IJV age moderates the effects of a decline in environmental risk and higher partner-related risk.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs competing risks analyses to examine the drivers of different termination outcomes using a dataset consisting of 459 IJVs in the People's Republic of China, of which 110 were either acquired or divested by their foreign parent.FindingsThe study finds that changes in environmental risk and partner-related risk affect how firms terminate their IJVs in the People's Republic of China. Specifically, the authors find that the effect of exogenous and endogenous risk are more pronounced for the acquisition of IJVs than for the divestment of IJVs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to international marketing research by complementing options logic with transaction cost economics to provide a theoretical explanation of the different ways in which IJVs in the People's Republic of China are terminated.Practical implicationsIJVs continue to be an important yet often unstable method to serve international markets. Our findings increase managers' awareness of the effect that two important sources of risk may have on the termination of IJVs in the People's Republic of China.Originality/valueThe study provides novel insights into the effect that changes in exogenous and endogenous risk have on a firm's choice of termination mode drawing on novel data on the different ways in which foreign firms have terminated their IJVs in the Peoples' Republic of China.
The psychology of consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism: a five-country study of values, moral foundations, gender identities and consumer orientations
Authors: Prince Melvin , Yaprak Attila , Cleveland Mark , Davies Mark A.P. , Josiassen Alexander , Nechtelberger Andrea , Nechtelberger Martin , Palihawadana Dayananda , Renner Walter , Chovanova Supekova Sona , Von Wallpach Sylvia 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which personal values, moral foundations and gender-role identities affect, in sequence, consumers' constructions of their ethnocentric and cosmopolitan orientations. Achieving a better understanding of the psychological makeup of consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism should help managers better design international market segmentation and brand positioning strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe study's conceptual framework is anchored in attitude and values theories, and focuses on the social categorizations that consumers make and how these contribute to the formation of their ethnocentric and cosmopolitan orientations. Drawing data from consumers living in five European countries, we test our theoretical conjectures through structural equation modeling approaches, including multigroup analysis at the country level, as well as the identification and scrutiny of potential pan-European consumer segments.FindingsFindings show that personal values, moral foundations and gender-role identities do exert direct and indirect (partially mediated) effects on the formation of consumers' ethnocentric and cosmopolitan orientations. These provide numerous insights for managers in terms of how they can segment domestic and international markets, as well as how to position products and communicate brand strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focused on consumers' personal and role identities and offers implications based on data gathered from a sample of five European countries. Future work should broaden this perspective by including other identity facets, such as religious and ethnic identities, as well as product-category and brand-specific outcomes, in order to help develop a more comprehensive picture of the psychology underpinning consumers' identity-related orientations, and their effects on consumer behavior. Future research should also study these issues in a broader geographical context, by including national markets that have culturally diverse populations as well as places with dissimilar cultural and economic profiles.Originality/valueThe study shows that individuals' personal values, moral foundations and gender roles have a strong effect on the formation of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer cosmopolitanism orientations. Consideration of how these antecedent constructs operate in concert to shape consumers' in- versus out-group orientations has been overlooked in the international marketing literature. Beyond the ramifications for theory, the study offers numerous substantive managerial implications in terms of how consumers are likely to respond to local and global/foreign products/brands based on these orientations.
Export competitiveness and concentration analysis of major sugar economies with special reference to India
Authors: Sheetal Sheetal , Kumar Rajiv , Shashi Shashi 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the export competitiveness and concentration level of the 15 top sugar exporting countries over the last 18 years (2001–2018) with special reference to India.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the paper utilizes a review based approach and explains the structures of major sugar economies in context to protected and unprotected perspectives. Subsequently, empirical research was carried out to assess the competitiveness level of sugar using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) approach and Hirschman Herfindahl Index.FindingsThe study found structural changes in cane or beet sugar, and molasses over the time period between 2006 and 2015. Further, the findings confirmed that despite the stringent regulations in European Union, the United States of America, Guatemala, Mexico, Thailand, China, and India, the comparative advantage is high up to seven to nine sugar categories. Besides, despite the indulgent regulations in the Colombia, Brazil, and Canada, the comparative advantage is only consistent up to two to three sugar categories.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides an overview of competitiveness patterns of 15 sugar exporting countries and further compare their comparative and concentration levels. In this context, in future, it would be interesting to study the macro-economic and firm and industry-specific factors which may strengthen the study findings.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that the sugar export of few countries (i.e. Mexico and Canada) is restricted up to their trade pacts and free trade zones which is restricting the competitiveness level and performance. Accordingly, such countries need to enlarge their business boundaries to foster their export competitiveness level. Rational subsidies and governmental assistance in diversification schemes in terms of products' range and sustainable processes can make India a consistent exporter in more categories.Originality/valueAlthough, the previous studies attempted to examine the sugar industry with particular country context, this study enlarge the body of knowledge through simultaneously examining the sugar export scenario of fifteen sugar exporting countries and providing a broad comparative view of their competitiveness and concentration levels.