bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Animal models of gene–alcohol interactions
Authors: Lovely Charles Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost birth defects arise from complex interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, our current understanding of how these interactions and their contributions affect birth defects remains incomplete. Human studies are limited in their ability to identify the fundamental causes of birth defects due to ethical and practical limitations. Animal models provide a great number of resources not available to human studies and they have been critical in advancing our understanding of birth defects and the complex interactions that underlie them. In this review, we discuss the use of animal models in the context of gene–environment interactions that underlie birth defects. We focus on alcohol which is the most common environmental factor associated with birth defects. Prenatal alcohol exposure leads to a wide range of cognitive impairments and structural deficits broadly termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We discuss the broad impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing embryo and elaborate on the current state of gene–alcohol interactions. Additionally, we discuss how animal models have informed our understanding of the genetics of FASD. Ultimately, these topics will provide insight into the use of animal models in understanding gene–environment interactions and their subsequent impact on birth defects.
Childhood maltreatment experiences are associated with altered diffusion in occipito‐temporal white matter pathways
Authors: Olson Elizabeth A. , Overbey Tate A. , Ostrand Caroline G. , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Rauch Scott L. , Rosso Isabelle M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildhood maltreatment may contribute to brain alterations in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We previously found that PTSD was associated with white matter compromise, or lower fractional anisotropy (FA), in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). In this study, including non‐PTSD controls, we examined whether ILF FA was associated with maltreatment exposures, including those that meet DSM‐IV criterion A (physical abuse, sexual abuse) and those that typically do not (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect). We hypothesized that lower FA would be associated with PTSD diagnosis and with both categories of maltreatment.MethodsNinety‐three participants (51 female), ages 20–50, were enrolled, including 32 with lifetime DSM‐IV PTSD, 27 trauma‐exposed non‐PTSD controls, and 34 healthy controls. Participants completed structured interviews, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and diffusion‐weighted imaging (36 directions). Probabilistic tractography (using FreeSurfer's TRACULA) was used to assess diffusion metrics in the ILF.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant effect of diagnostic group on FA. In contrast, higher CTQ scores were significantly associated with lower FA in the ILF bilaterally. This association of maltreatment with lower FA remained statistically significant after controlling for diagnostic group, and it was significant for both criterion‐A‐type and noncriterion‐A‐type maltreatment categories.ConclusionsThis work contributes to a growing body of literature indicating that different forms of childhood maltreatment are associated with altered white matter microstructure in the ILF, an association pathway involved in integrating visual information from occipital regions with emotion processing functions of the anterior temporal lobe.
Single‐Molecule Magnets DyM2N@C80 and Dy2MN@C80 (M=Sc, Lu): The Impact of Diamagnetic Metals on Dy3+ Magnetic Anisotropy, Dy⋅⋅⋅Dy Coupling, and Mixing of Molecular and Lattice Vibrations
Authors: Spree Lukas , Schlesier Christin , Kostanyan Aram , Westerström Rasmus , Greber Thomas , Büchner Bernd , Avdoshenko Stanislav M. , Popov Alexey A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe substitution of scandium in fullerene single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) DySc2N@C80 and Dy2ScN@C80 by lutetium has been studied to explore the influence of the diamagnetic metal on the SMM performance of dysprosium nitride clusterfullerenes. The use of lutetium led to an improved SMM performance of DyLu2N@C80, which shows a higher blocking temperature of magnetization (TB=9.5 K), longer relaxation times, and broader hysteresis than DySc2N@C80 (TB=6.9 K). At the same time, Dy2LuN@C80 was found to have a similar blocking temperature of magnetization to Dy2ScN@C80 (TB=8 K), but substantially different interactions between the magnetic moments of the dysprosium ions in the Dy2MN clusters. Surprisingly, although the intramolecular dipolar interactions in Dy2LuN@C80 and Dy2ScN@C80 are of similar strength, the exchange interactions in Dy2LuN@C80 are close to zero. Analysis of the low‐frequency molecular and lattice vibrations showed strong mixing of the lattice modes and endohedral cluster librations in k‐space. This mixing simplifies the spin–lattice relaxation by conserving the momentum during the spin flip and helping to distribute the moment and energy further into the lattice.
Ein Vergleich der Chemie von Silicium und Titan
Authors: Schubert Ulrich 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungReaktivität und Eigenschaften vieler Silicium‐ und Titanverbindungen sind sehr ähnlich. So hydrolysieren die meist molekularen Verbindungen MX4 (M = Si, Ti; X = elektronegativer Substituent) sehr rasch unter Bildung von Silicium/Titan‐Sauerstoff‐Verbindungen. SiO2 und TiO2 können durch gleiche Prozesse (Fällung aus wässrigen Lösungen, Flammenhydrolyse, Sol‐Gel‐Verfahren) hergestellt werden und lösen sich nur schwer oder gar nicht in Säuren. Silicate und Titanate entstehen durch Umsetzung der Oxide mit Laugen. Wegen der höheren Reaktivität von Titanverbindungen gegenüber Wasser müssen unterschiedliche Strategien zur Herstellung von organisch modifizierten Derivaten oxidischer Verbindungen angewandt werden. Die größten Unterschiede in der Chemie von Silicium und Titan finden sich in den Strukturen analoger Verbindungen und beruhen hauptsächlich auf dem größeren Radius und der geringeren Elektronegativität von Titanatomen. Deshalb bevorzugt Titan oktaedrische, Silicium dagegen tetraedrische Koordination. Die unterschiedlichen Verknüpfungsmöglichkeiten von tetraedrischen und oktaedrischen Baugruppen führen zu unterschiedlichen Konstruktionsprinzipien von Festkörperstrukturen. Diese werden am Beispiel von Sauerstoffverbindungen diskutiert, besonders am Beispiel der Oxide, der Silikate/Titanate und oxidischer Käfigstrukturen.
Responses in Phenotypic Plasticity of Amaranthus palmeri and Polygonum orientale to Soil Factors under Different Habitats
Authors: Zhang Mei , Ma Kexin , Liu Tong , Tang Lili , Khan Amir Abdullah , Yang Tong , Zheng Pufan , Wang Tongtong , Han Jianhua , Shi Fuchen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe extension and structure of functional traits variation in response to different soil factors between invasive and native plants are poorly understood. Functional traits and soil factors of the invasive plant Amaranthus palmeri and its coexisting plant Polygonum orientale are investigated under three heterogeneous habitats: roadside (rs), wasteland (wl), and riverbank (rb) in Tianjin, China. The shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf nitrogen (LN) of A. palmeri are significantly higher compared with P. orientale, while A. palmeri has significantly lower leaf dry weight (LDW), leaf area (LA), leaf carbon (LC), and leaf C/N ratio under different habitats. The larger phenotypic plasticity of A. palmeri is one of the important reasons for their successful invasion to heterogeneous habitats. Similarly, the soil water content (SWC) of both species shows a significant difference (p < 0.05) with maximum in riverbank habitat to lowest in roadside habitat. Soil N/P ratio, C/N ratio, and C/P ratio of rb habitats are significantly lower compared to wl and rs habitats (p < 0.05). A redundancy analysis indicates that SWC is the dominant soil factor affecting the functional traits of A. palmeri and P. orientale. However, A. palmeri forms an environmental adaptation strategy by changing traits of SDW, LN, and leaf C/N ratio, which is different from P. orientale by changing traits of LA and LDW.
A Proof of Sznitman's Conjecture about Ballistic RWRE
Authors: Guerra Enrique , Ramı́rez Alejandro F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe consider random walk in a uniformly elliptic i.i.d. random environment in ℤd for d ≥ 2. It is believed that whenever the random walk is transient in a given direction it is necessarily ballistic. In order to quantify the gap which would be needed to prove this equivalence, several ballisticity conditions have been introduced. In particular, Sznitman defined the so‐called conditions (T) and (T′). The first one is the requirement that certain unlikely exit probabilities from a set of slabs decay exponentially fast with their width L. The second one is the requirement that for all γ ∈ (0, 1) condition (T)γ is satisfied, which in turn is defined as the requirement that the decay is like for some C > 0. In this article we prove a conjecture of Sznitman from 2002, stating that (T) and (T′) are equivalent. Hence, this closes the circle proving the equivalence of conditions (T), (T′), and (T)γ for some γ ∈ (0, 1) as conjectured by Sznitman, and also of each of these ballisticity conditions with the polynomial condition (P)M for M ≥ 15d + 5 introduced by Berger, Drewitz, and Ramı́rez in 2014. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐Range Self‐Assembly of an Electron‐Deficient Hexaazatrinaphthylene with Out‐of‐Plane Substituents
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ru , Zhang Yong‐Yun , Yeh Ming‐Che , Luo Ying‐Ting , Ong Chi Wi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe unprecedented time‐dependent long‐range supramol‐ecular assembly of electron‐deficient hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATN) core based on peripheral crowding with three out‐of‐plane cyclic ketals is reported. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of the diethyl derivative provided detailed information as to how four molecules in a repeating unit were packed in order to avoid steric crowding of the out‐of‐plane cyclic ketal side chain, providing locking and fastening for stabilizing the self‐assembled structure. The polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) did not instantaneously show any phase transition upon the cooling process. To our surprise, POM images showed a nucleation of spherulite up to 100 μm after 24 hour later. X‐ray diffraction data further confirmed that these soft crystal formed a hexagonal‐like crystal. The long‐range self‐assembly of the new material showed a slight red shift in the UV‐vis absorption spectra and further substantiated by computational method.
Physicochemical Properties and Stabilities of Crude and Purified Oil Bodies Extracted from High Oleic Peanuts
Authors: Wei Songli , Huang Jinian , Zhang Lixia , Sun Qiang , Sun Xiaojing , Jin Lu , Wang Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhysicochemical properties and emulsion stabilities of two types of oil bodies—crude oil bodies (COB) and purified oil bodies (OB)—recovered from high oleic peanuts via an aqueous enzymatic extraction process are investigated. RGB color analysis and flavor volatiles identification reveal that both COB and OB present desirable color and acceptable flavor. OB tends to have stronger antioxidant capacity and higher nutritional value compared to COB according to results from fatty acids, amino acids, and tocopherol analyses. The emulsification of oil bodies shows a slightly lower level than lecithin, but excellent thermal stability and storage stability (especially for OB), which relates greatly to small particle size, high zeta‐potential, and high content of hydrophobic amino acids. The freeze–thaw stability of OB is poorer than that of COB, which may relate to the presence of impurities in oil bodies. Thus, the peanut oil bodies, especially purified oil bodies, are proven to be advantageous emulsifying agents and additional valuable sources of antioxidants.Practical Applications: The results in this work clarify the differences in physiochemical composition and the fundamental emulsifying properties between COB and OB, and demonstrate the possibility of replacing traditional emulsifiers by natural green emulsifiers (e.g., oil bodies) in the food industry. Moreover, oil bodies extracted from high oleic peanuts, which contain plenty of unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols, are a potential source for food supplements. In the long term, this work will increase the industrial conversion rate of oil bodies, enhance the processing and utilization level of high oleic peanuts, and promote the development of new foods based on peanut resources.
Development of modeling and simulation of bubble‐liquid hydrodynamics in bubble column
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Li , Zhou Lixing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the present work, the investigation on strategies to alleviate the cell death in terms of bubble‐liquid two‐phase hydrodynamics in bubble column was performed using the modeling and numerical simulation approaches. A multifluid bubble‐liquid turbulent model based on the second‐order moment algorithm was developed to predict turbulent hydrodynamics. In this model, the anisotropic characteristics of Reynolds stresses and the interactions between bubble and liquid phases are considered by means of the defined bubble‐liquid two‐phase fluctuation velocities correlation. Hydrodynamic parameters such as turbulent energy dissipation rate, the turbulent kinetic energy, the distributions of bubble normal and shear stresses, and the operation conditions of gas entrance velocity and height to diameter of column are accurately simulated. A proposed correlation named turbulent energy production rate is revealed successfully the higher cell death rate at the gas inlet regions that cannot be verified by the rest of the two‐phase hydrodynamics. Superficial gas velocity is the predominant influence on this value distribution as smaller the ratio of height to diameter of bubble column, which reduced by two order of magnitude under decreased by one level of gas velocity. Near inlet region with large height‐to‐diameter ratio, this value is always larger than those of small one.
A national survey of turnover intention among general practitioners in China
Authors: Gan Yong , Jiang Heng , Li Liqing , Yang Yudi , Wang Chao , Liu Jianxin , Yang Tingting , Zheng Yanling , Zhu Yi , Sampson Opoku , Xu Hongbin , Yu Fang , Chen Yali , Herath Chulani , Zhong Yanyan , Liu Qiaoyan , Yu Minyi , Liu Ling , Gao Chao , Lu Zuxun 
Published: November 2019

SummaryStudies on turnover intention among Chinese general practitioners (GPs) at the national level are limited. This study aimed to assess intention to leave and its associated factors among a nationally representative sample of GPs. The participants were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. A self‐administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 3236 GPs in China between October 2017 and February 2018. A multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with turnover intention. Over 70.0% GPs had a moderate or high turnover intention. GPs who were male, were younger, had a higher education level, had a lower professional title, had a lower income level, and had a temporal work contract had higher turnover intention. In addition, GPs who worked night shifts, had low job satisfaction, and had few opportunities for professional development reported higher turnover intention. Substantial gender and regional differences in predictors of turnover intention among GPs were observed. The study showed that turnover intention in Chinese GPs is high, and the factors influencing turnover intention were low professional title and income level, high education level, having a temporary work contract, working night shifts, and limited opportunities for professional development.
Novel FH mutation associated with multiple uterine leiomyomas in Chinese siblings
Authors: Zhao Zichen , Wang Wenhui , You Yan , Zhu Lan , Feng Fengzhi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFumarate hydratase (FH) plays an important role in cell metabolism. Germline mutation of FH may cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome. The correlation between various mutations of FH gene and the phenotype is controversial and needs further study. Therefore, this article described a novel mutation in siblings with multiple uterine leiomyomas.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was performed on the two patients and their family members using their peripheral blood. The function of the DNA variant was predicted in silico.ResultsPathology results showed characteristics of leiomyoma. A novel missense mutation of FH gene (c.1214A＞G, p.Leu405Ser) was identified in both patients and their father. This mutation was predicted to be probably pathogenic and deleterious.ConclusionThis study indicated that the novel mutation may be responsible for the occurrence of multiple uterine leiomyomas. However, the risk of renal disease should not be ignored and regular screening was recommended.
International perspectives on the implementation of reproductive carrier screening
Authors: Delatycki Martin B. , Alkuraya Fowzan , Archibald Alison , Castellani Carlo , Cornel Martina , Grody Wayne W. , Henneman Lidewij , Ioannides Adonis S. , Kirk Edwin , Laing Nigel , Lucassen Anneke , Massie John , Schuurmans Juliette , Thong Meow‐Keong , van Langen Irene , Zlotogora Joël 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReproductive carrier screening started in some countries in the 1970s for hemoglobinopathies and Tay‐Sachs disease. Cystic fibrosis carrier screening became possible in the late 1980s and with technical advances, screening of an ever increasing number of genes has become possible. The goal of carrier screening is to inform people about their risk of having children with autosomal recessive and X‐linked recessive disorders, to allow for informed decision making about reproductive options. The consequence may be a decrease in the birth prevalence of these conditions, which has occurred in several countries for some conditions. Different programs target different groups (high school, premarital, couples before conception, couples attending fertility clinics, and pregnant women) as does the governance structure (public health initiative and user pays). Ancestry‐based offers of screening are being replaced by expanded carrier screening panels with multiple genes that is independent of ancestry. This review describes screening in Australia, Cyprus, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. It provides an insight into the enormous variability in how reproductive carrier screening is offered across the globe. This largely relates to geographical variation in carrier frequencies of genetic conditions and local health care, financial, cultural, and religious factors.
In vivo and in vitro evidence for the inhibition of homogentisate solanesyltransferase by cyclopyrimorate
Authors: Shino Mamiko , Hamada Takahiro , Shigematsu Yoshio , Banba Shinichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclopyrimorate is a highly effective bleaching herbicide discovered by Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc. The target site was recently reported to be homogentisate solanesyltransferase (HST) in the plastoquinone (PQ) biosynthesis pathway on the basis of the number of intermediates in cyclopyrimorate‐treated plants and in vitro HST assays. Here, the target site of cyclopyrimorate was further explored using both in vivo and in vitro experiments.RESULTSThe cyclopyrimorate‐dependent bleaching effect on Arabidopsis thaliana was reversed by decyl PQ, suggesting that this symptom is attributable to the inhibition of PQ biosynthesis. Furthermore, homogentisate (HGA), a substrate of HST, weakly reversed the bleaching effect of cyclopyrimorate in a dose‐dependent manner. We expected that the weak reversal by HGA was due to competitive inhibition by cyclopyrimorate or des‐morpholinocarbonyl cyclopyrimorate (DMC), a metabolite of cyclopyrimorate in plants that exhibit higher HST‐inhibitory activity as compared to cyclopyrimorate. Kinetic analysis was therefore conducted using DMC. DMC inhibited HST competitively with respect to HGA, and was a mixed non‐competitive inhibitor with respect to the other substrate, farnesyl diphosphate. Moreover, neither cyclopyrimorate nor DMC inhibited 2‐methyl‐6‐phytyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone/2‐methyl‐6‐solanesyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone methyltransferase, which is located downstream of HST in the PQ biosynthesis pathway.CONCLUSIONSThe target site of cyclopyrimorate and DMC is HST, which is a novel target site for commercial herbicides. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Probing Higgs couplings to light quarks via Higgs pair production
Authors: Alasfar Lina , Lopez Roberto Corral , Gröber Ramona 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We consider the potential of the Higgs boson pair production process to probe the light quark Yukawa couplings. We show within an effective theory description that the prospects of constraining enhanced first generation light quark Yukawa couplings in Higgs pair production are similar to other methods and channels, due to a coupling of two Higgs bosons to two fermions. Higgs pair production can hence also probe if the Higgs sector couples non-linearly to the light quark generations. For the second generation, we show that by employing charm tagging for the Higgs boson pair decaying to c$$ \overline{c} $$

c
¯

γγ, we can obtain similarly good prospects for measuring the charm Yukawa coupling as in other direct probes.
The first heat: production of entanglement entropy in the early universe
Authors: Khlebnikov Sergei , Sheoran Akhil 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Entanglement entropy (EE) of a spatial region quantifies correlations between the region and its surroundings. For a free scalar in the adiabatic vacuum in de Sitter space the EE is known to remain low, scaling as the surface area of the region. Here, we study the evolution of entanglement after the universe transitions from de Sitter to flat space. We concentrate on the case of a massless minimally coupled scalar. We find numerically that, after the de Sitter stage ends, the EE and the Ŕenyi entropy rapidly grow and saturate at values obeying the volume law. The final state of the subsystem (region) is a partially thermalized state reminiscent of a generalized Gibbs ensemble. We comment on application of our results to the question of when and how cosmological perturbations decohere.