bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vasopressin gene products are colocalised with corticotrophin‐releasing factor within neurosecretory vesicles in the external zone of the median eminence of the Japanese macaque monkey (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Otubo Akito , Kawakami Natsuko , Maejima Sho , Ueda Yasumasa , Morris John F. , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Sakamoto Hirotaka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArginine vasopressin (AVP), when released into portal capillaries with corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) from terminals of parvocellular neurones of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), facilitates the secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in stressed rodents. The AVP gene encodes a propeptide precursor containing AVP, AVP‐associated neurophysin II (NPII), and a glycopeptide copeptin, although it is currently unclear whether copeptin is always cleaved from the neurophysin and whether the NPII and/or copeptin have any functional role in the pituitary. Furthermore, for primates, it is unknown whether CRF, AVP, NPII and copeptin are all colocalised in neurosecretory vesicles in the terminal region of the paraventricular CRF neurone axons. Therefore, we investigated, by fluorescence and immunogold immunocytochemistry, the cellular and subcellular relationships of these peptides in the CRF‐ and AVP‐producing cells in unstressed Japanese macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the expression of both CRF and AVP mRNAs in the monkey PVH. As expected, in the magnocellular neurones of the PVH and supraoptic nucleus, essentially no CRF immunoreactivity could be detected in NPII‐immunoreactive (AVP‐producing) neurones. Immunofluorescence showed that, in the parvocellular part of the PVH, NPII was detectable in a subpopulation (approximately 39%) of the numerous CRF‐immunoreactive neuronal perikarya, whereas, in the outer median eminence, NPII was more prominent (approximately 52%) in the CRF varicosities. Triple immunoelectron microscopy in the median eminence demonstrated the presence of both NPII and copeptin immunoreactivity in dense‐cored vesicles of CRF‐containing axons. The results are consistent with an idea that the AVP propeptide is processed and NPII and copeptin are colocalised in hypothalamic‐pituitary CRF axons in the median eminence of a primate. The CRF, AVP and copeptin are all co‐packaged in neurosecretory vesicles in monkeys and are thus likely to be co‐released into the portal capillary blood to amplify ACTH release from the primate anterior pituitary.
Treatment of periocular and temporal reticular veins with 1064‐nm Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Lee Tee Sin , Kwek James Wei Ming , Ellis David A. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe periocular and temporal regions are important aspects of beauty. The presence of reticular veins in these areas is undesirable and can also interfere with injection of neurotoxins to treat squint lines. 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser shows promise as an effective treatment modality with long‐lasting effects.AimThe aim of the study is to show that the long‐pulsed, contact‐cooled, variable spot‐sized 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser is effective and safe, with good patient satisfaction and tolerability, and is able to achieve long‐term results.MethodsA retrospective study of 35 consecutive patients seen over a 3‐year period in a private cosmetic clinic affiliated to the University of Toronto for periocular and temporal reticular veins was conducted. They were all treated with 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser.ResultsA total of 35 patients with an average age of 45.8 years old received treatment. 13 had lower eyelids treated, 9 had temples treated, 12 had both lower eyelids and temples treated, and 1 had both upper and lower eyelids treated. The first case of upper eyelid vein being treated with the 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser with great success after only 1 treatment is reported. 80% of the patients required only 1‐2 treatment sessions. The average satisfaction score was 7.9 out of 10. The average pain score was 5.0 out of 10. 91% perceived the treatment outcome as excellent or good with the longest result lasting 33 months. There were 4 complications: 1 scabbing, 1 small burn, 1 skin darkening, and 1 teary eye.ConclusionThe study showed that the use of the long‐pulsed, contact‐cooled, variable spot‐sized 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser is effective and safe, with good patient satisfaction and tolerability, and is able to achieve long‐term results.
Review on perfume and present status of its associated allergens
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Devi Arpna , Sharma Maninder , Kaur Palakdeep , Mandal Uttam Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerfume is basically a cosmetic product applied to human body for an amusing scent or the feeling of freshness. A certain amount of perfume penetrates and remains attached to the protein of the skin when perfume is applied on the body. It evokes a surge of events in human immune system which results with allergic symptoms. Fragrance ingredients are leading cause that can be responsible for the occurrence of allergic contact dermatitis that is recently studied under cosmetic adverse reaction.AimThe aim of this review article was to define the allergies that are caused by fragrance ingredients. This review highlights the various aspects of perfume with respect to its manufacturing process, compositions, and fragrance ingredients identified as allergens and its present regulatory status.MethodThere area 175 frangrance ingredients that are used in perfumes cause allergic reaction. Several studies were conducted on the patients. The study was conducted on four fragrance markers in the baseline series: fragrance mix I (FM I), Myroxylon pereirae, fragrance mix II (FM II), and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde.ResultAround 658 patients showed allergy due to fragrance ingredients when the patch test was performed. In other study, out of 1253 patients, 90% of the FM I and M. pereirae detected 90% of the cases.ConclusionMajority of the fragrance ingredients can cause allergic reactions and hence act as allergens and thus increase the risk of sensitization on activation. If any individual suffers from allergy or contact dermatitis on use of any perfume, he/she should be aware of it and should reduce or avoid its use to overcome such problems of hypersensitivity.
Physical activity and personal factors associated with nurse resilience in intensive care units
Authors: Yu Fiona , Cavadino Alana , Mackay Lisa , Ward Kim , King Anna , Smith Melody 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAim and objectivesTo assess intensive care nurses' resilience and identify associated personal factors and physical activity behaviours using a job demands–recovery framework.BackgroundCurrently, there is inconsistent evidence as to whether nurse resilience is associated with personal factors or with physical activity at work or during leisure time.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted with nurses from four intensive care units in Auckland, New Zealand.MethodsAn online survey was conducted to collect nurses' personal information and assess their resilience levels using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale 25. Participants were nurses working at least 32 hr fortnightly and providing direct patient care. Physical activity was objectively measured using a pair of accelerometers worn on the back and thigh over four consecutive days (two workdays followed by two nonworkdays). Bivariable and multivariable regression were used to identify personal factors and physical activity behaviours associated with resilience (followed the STROBE checklist).ResultsA total of 93 nurses were included in the study. The participants' average resilience level was low. Resilience was positively associated with the objectively measured physical job demands factors: occupational physical activity, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity at work and dynamic standing at work. Resilience was negatively associated with one objectively measured recovery factor: sleep during leisure time. In multivariable modelling, being married and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity at work were positively associated with resilience, while not having religious beliefs and sleep during leisure time were negatively associated with resilience.ConclusionsResilient nurses have a greater tolerance to high physical activity at work and lower sleep duration during leisure time. Strategies are needed to improve intensive care nurses' resilience levels.Relevance to clinical practiceResults may help managers gain a better understanding of the ICU nurses' characteristics associated with resilience, leading them to develop strategies for improving ICU nurse resilience.
Urinary incontinence in stroke survivors – Development of a programme theory
Authors: Kohler Myrta , Mayer Hanna , Kesselring Jürg , Saxer Susi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo develop, in an inpatient rehabilitation setting, a programme theory that promotes continence in people who have suffered a stroke.BackgroundUrinary incontinence in stroke survivors impacts the quality of life, rehabilitation outcomes and ultimately incurred costs of the patient. Different approaches are available for developing and testing complex interventions.DesignBuilding a research‐based programme theory.MethodsTo elaborate the intervention, a guidance for developing a complex intervention for nursing was chosen and the sources that should be considered were defined. Subsequently, a research‐based programme theory was generated that was represented via a theoretical approach logic model. This study was guided by the checklist for reporting theory of change in public health interventions.ResultsThe intervention consists of six parts with three outcome chains on interconnected levels, which are oriented towards patients and nurses. The important aspects of the programme theory are communication, individually tailored measures and the definition of interdisciplinary objectives.ConclusionDeveloping a programme theory and representing it via a logic model help clarify the initial intervention and ensure that implementation strategies are well thought out.Relevance to clinical practiceBy employing detailed reflection and using previous research, it is expected that the intervention can be implemented successfully and its effectiveness can be investigated in more depth.
Identification of maize lethal necrosis disease causal viruses in maize and suspected alternative hosts through small RNA profiling
Authors: Tonui Ronald , Masanga Joel , Kasili Remmy , Runo Steven , Alakonya Amos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) is a devastating viral disease of maize caused by double infection with Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and any one of the Potyviridae family members. Management of MLND requires effective resistance screening and surveillance tools. In this study, we report the use of small RNA (sRNA) profiling to detect MLND causal viruses and further the development of alternative detection markers for use in routine surveillance of the disease‐causing viruses. Small RNAs (sRNAs) originating from five viruses namely MCMV, Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Maize streak virus (MSV), Maize‐associated totivirus (MATV) and Maize yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) were assembled from infected maize samples collected from MLND hot spots in Kenya. The expression of the identified viral domains was further validated using quantitative real‐time PCR. New markers for the detection of some of the MLND causal viruses were also developed from the highly expressed domains and used to detect the MLND‐causative viruses in maize and alternative hosts. These findings further demonstrate the potential of using sRNAs especially from highly expressed viral motifs in the detection of MLND causal viruses. We report the validation of new sets of primers for use in detection of the most common MLND causal viruses MCMV and SCMV in East Africa.
Designing a crop rotation strategy to manage Streptomyces scabies causing potato scab in north India
Authors: Hunjan Mandeep Singh , Sabhikhi Hardeep Singh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCommon scab of potato caused by various species in the genus Streptomyces has assumed serious proportions in certain potato‐growing regions of North India. Although it does not have significant effect on tuber yield, it downgrades quality and reduces marketability. Being soil‐borne, this disease is often difficult to manage. Therefore, the present studies were conducted to evaluate different potato‐based crop rotations prevalent in north India as a part of a strategy to manage Streptomyces scabies population in scab sick fields. Our results showed that S. scabies population in soil can be effectively reduced either by keeping the field fallow after potato or by including mungbean or sunhemp as green manure, in a single year cropping sequence over a period of four years. Three crop rotations, viz. fallow–rice–potato, mungbean–rice–potato and sunhemp–rice–potato, showed maximum decrease in the population of S. scabies in soil resulting in reduced scab severity. The mungbean‐ and sunhemp‐based crop rotations also enhanced rhizospheric soil microflora especially fluorescent pseudomonads and Trichoderma spp.
What is life after psychosis like? Stories of three individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia
Authors: Lee Ying Ying , Liu Valerie , Verma Swapna 
Published: May 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known about the subject?

Schizophrenia is known as a highly debilitating mental illness, characterized by hallucination, delusions and paranoia.

Literature on recovery from schizophrenia has only been emerging in the last three decades.

What does the paper adds to existing knowledge?

It adds to the growing literature on the first‐hand accounts of recovery from schizophrenia.

It highlights the strengths of persons with schizophrenia.

What are the implications for mental health nursing?

Having a diagnosis of schizophrenia may not be as bleak as it seems.

For mental health professionals to see the person behind their patients with schizophrenia.

Abstract“You are not a typical case of schizophrenia.” This was the statement by my psychiatrist that sparked the idea of compiling a collection of recovery narratives. Because of its fluid and subjective nature, personal recovery from schizophrenia needs to be understood in the cultural, societal and familial context of its storyteller. Autobiographic lived experience narratives serve to give an unadulterated account of the strength and tenacity of persons in recovery. In this lived experience narrative paper, you will find stories of three unique individuals living with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Kurtle (name changed) tells the story of the multiple hats she wears in life. Valerie opens up about her past to shed light on her sense of meaning and purpose today. Ying Ying shares her family dynamics and how it has shaped her as a person. These stories aim to (1) change the way mental health professional relate to their patients, (2) emphasize the critical roles that mental health professionals play in their patients’ recovery, and (3) remind mental health professionals to look beyond their patients’ illness and see the persons behind the illness. Perhaps, then, recovery will become a typical phenomenon among persons living with schizophrenia.
Dietary cold‐pressed red and black pepper oil mixture enhances growth, carcass, blood chemistry, antioxidant, immunity and caecal pathogens of quails
Authors: Alagawany Mahmoud , Salah Ayman S. , Mahmoud Mohamed A. , Reda Fayiz M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study was carried out to explore the influence of black and red pepper oils (BRPO) as a natural antibacterial agent on growth, carcass, liver and kidney functions, lipid profile, immunity and antioxidant indices of growing quails. A total of 225 Japanese quails (1‐week‐old) were haphazardly divided into 5 groups, each group consists of 45 unsexed birds with 5 replications (9 birds each). The first group was fed basal diet (control), and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th groups fed rations containing BRPO (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 g/kg diet respectively). During 1–3 weeks of age, body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved with dietary BRPO. During 3–5 and 1–5 weeks of age, BWG was quadratically increased with BRPO supplementation. Also, a quadratic improvement in FCR was observed with BRPO during the overall period. There were no statistical differences in all carcass parameters due to BRPO treatment. Feeding quails on rations enriched with BRPO was linearly influenced liver functions. The highest BRPO levels (1.2 and 1.6 g/kg diet) minimized plasma content of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in quails fed diets supplemented with BRPO. In apart from the highest level of BRPO, complement 3 (C3) was increased with increasing BRPO level. Birds fed diets enriched with BRPO exhibited lower colonization of TBC, lactobacilli, coliform, Salmonella and E. coli than those in the control group. It could be concluded that dietary BRPO can positively affect quail growth, liver and kidney functions, antioxidant and immunity parameters, lipid profile and lipid peroxidation as well as pathogenic bacteria.
Periventricular nodular heterotopia in a Chihuahua
Authors: Herkommer Leonie F. , Henrich Manfred , Herden Christiane , Schmidt Martin J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeriventricular nodular heterotopia is a common neuronal malformation in humans, often leading to epilepsy and other neurologic diseases. A 2‐month‐old female Chihuahua weighing 750 g was examined because of a history of epileptic seizures and abnormalities in gait and behavior. Results of the clinical examination were consistent with a multifocal neurologic disease with localization in the forebrain and spinovestibular system. The magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple bilateral periventricular nodules isointense to gray matter and ventriculomegaly. Histopathological and immunohistological examination of the brain revealed that periventricular nodules consisted of neurons, fewer astrocytes, and some oligodendroglia consistent with periventricular nodular heterotopias.
Seasonality drives body size variation in a widely distributed Neotropical treefrog
Authors: Pupin N. C. , Brusquetti F. , Haddad C. F. B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is well known that body size variation can be related to genetic and environmental factors and that this variation may occur among species, and among and within populations.Scinax fuscomarginatusis a widely distributed Neotropical anuran that occurs in open areas of several South American ecoregions, exposed to different climatic conditions and showing high levels of body size variation. We tested if this variation in body size is related to phylogeny or to any climatic condition to which populations are subjected. We measured the snout‐vent length (SVL) of 285 individuals ofS. fuscomarginatusfrom 37 populations, covering virtually all the known geographic distribution of the species. We constructed a phylogenetic tree under Bayesian inference based on mtDNA sequences to test for the existence of phylogenetic signal in body size variation and performed a multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between body size and environmental variables. AlthoughS. fuscomarginatusshows a deep genetic structure, body size variation was randomly distributed across the phylogeny, indicating no phylogenetic signal. On the other hand, we found evidence that support some influence of climatic conditions in body size variation, being the precipitation seasonality and the temperature seasonality the most important variables. Our results are in accordance with the water conservation hypothesis, which predicts an increase in body size towards drier regions assuming that lower surface‐to‐volume ratio of larger bodies minimizes water loss by evaporation.
Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in patients with HCV genotype 5/6: An integrated analysis of phase 2/3 studies
Authors: Yao Betty B. , Fredrick Linda M. , Schnell Gretja , Kowdley Kris V. , Kwo Paul Y. , Poordad Fred , Nguyen Kinh , Lee Samuel S. , George Christophe , Wong Florence , Gane Edward , Abergel Armand , Spearman Catherine W. , Nguyen Tuan , Hung Le Manh , Pham Thuy TT. , Mensa Federico , Asselah Tarik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis C virus (HCV) has high genetic diversity with six major genotypes (GT) GT1‐6 and global distribution. HCV GT5 and 6 are rare with < 10 million people infected worldwide. Data on direct‐acting antiviral use in these rare HCV genotypes are limited. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) in a pooled analysis of phase 2/3 trials in HCV GT5 or 6‐infected patients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.MethodsPatients with chronic HCV GT5 or 6 infection received oral G/P (300 mg/120 mg) once daily for 8 or 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response at post‐treatment week 12 (SVR12) in the intention‐to‐treat population.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐one patients were evaluated; 56 with HCV GT5 and 125 with HCV GT6. The majority were treatment‐naïve (88%) and non‐cirrhotic (85%). Overall SVR12 rate with 8‐ or 12‐week G/P treatment was 98% (178/181). Eight‐week treatment with G/P yielded SVR12 rates of 95% (21/22) in HCV GT5‐ and 99% (69/70) in HCV GT6‐infected non‐cirrhotic patients. Eight‐ and 12‐week treatment of patients with compensated cirrhosis achieved SVR12 rates of 100% (10/10) and 94% (17/18) respectively. The G/P regimen was well‐tolerated; 3% (6/181) Grade 3 or higher adverse events, and no serious adverse events were attributed to G/P or led to study drug discontinuation.ConclusionsThis integrated dataset demonstrates a high SVR12 rate following 8‐week G/P treatment in patients with HCV GT5 (96%) or GT6 (99%) infection without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis.
Assessment of threats to a Ramsar site from seafood processing operation effluents
Authors: Vidya Vijayakumari , Prasad Gopal , Sheela Albert Moses 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWaterbodies receiving effluents from seafood processing plants might experience severe eutrophication. The present study was carried out to assess the impacts of effluent discharges on water quality and phytoplankton populations in the Vembanad‐kol Wetland, located adjacent to seafood processing industries. It was conducted in the Cherthala–Aroor–Edakochi coastal belt of Vembanad Wetland, India, a region containing many processing plants. The trophic status of the lake was assessed with the Carlton trophic state index. Hypereutrophic conditions were observed more in the interconnected channels than in the main waterbody. There was a dominance of Bacillariophyceae, followed by Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Dinophyceae. Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae were comparatively higher in the interconnected channels, whereas Dinophyceae was high in the main body of the lake. There is a shift in dominance from Chlorophyceae to Cyanophyceae in the interconnected channels, especially in the southern and central portion of the lake. There was a dominance of Cyanophyceae over Chlorophyceae, especially in the interconnected channels, being a characteristic of polluted water. Nitzschia sp and Navicula sp were abundant in the class Bacillariophyceae. The dominant species in the class Dinophyceae was Ceratium sp, which is known to proliferate in nutrient‐rich waters. The dominant members of the class Chlorophyceae were Ankistrodesmus sp and Scenedesmus sp. Furthermore, Oscillatoria and Phormidium were higher in number in the class Cyanophyceae, indicating the presence of pollutants of biological origin. Waste discharges from the seafood processing industry are a major factor contributing to an alarming rate of organic pollution and subsequent eutrophication in the lake. The results of the present study highlight that further expansion of the seafood industry in the Cherthala–Aroor–Edakochi coastal belt of Vembanad Lake is not desirable.