bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrative orphaned: When grief overwhelms
Authors: Green Cheryl 
Published: April 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

The loss of a parent for an adult can be devastating and can impact other relationships.

The adult, in absence of parental love and support, may question their own identity.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

A narrative is used to explain the adults’ experience of parental death and their new identity of being orphaned.

What are the implications for practice?

Increased awareness for adults grieving the loss of a parent(s), as to the normalcy of feeling orphaned

Adults grieving the death of a parent(s) are provided resources and support in addressing their grieving process.

AbstractIntroductionWhen a parent dies during their child's adulthood, the life of the adult is altered as the familiarity of parental love and safety changes. The isolation and loneliness penetrates deeply as the orphaned adult must now navigate their world in absence of the most significant people in their lives, their parents.AimTo assist persons affected by parental death in understanding the normalcy of feeling orphaned while grieving.MethodThe use of a personal narrative to provide mental health support to others.ResultsThe resumption of a routine that existed before parental death is possible, but takes time. Intermittent periods of grief can occur throughout one's life.DiscussionWhen grief interrupts one's ability to function daily and the affected adult has relationships impacted by their parent's death, it is recommended that the adult seek mental health treatment.Implications for PracticeNarratives can be used with persons affected by parental loss, to provide an example of normal versus complicated grieving and identify when mental health treatment is needed.
Armed against Unhappiness: Psychoanalytic Grammars in Buenos Aires
Authors: Brotherton P. Sean 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPsychoanalysis has produced an ensemble of institutions, expertise, procedures, and practices for rendering the psychoanalytic subject legible and, through this, psychic life as an actionable site of intervention, dislocation, and struggle. This article examines how diverse psychoanalytic communities in Buenos Aires have produced unique grammars that influence how individuals articulate ideas about health and well‐being. Descriptive, culturally specific, historically informed, and always provisional, this grammar is empirically grounded in lived experience. Through presenting several case studies, I flesh out how this grammar, as a deictic expression of/for the unconscious is deployed, reworked, and embodied in everyday interactions. I demonstrate how psychic life is enmeshed within social and political experience. In doing so, I consider how interpersonal, existential, environmental, social, and political contingencies shape divergent notions of well‐being and structure desires of what it means to live “a good life.”
Expression of genes containing tandem repeat patterns involved in the fungal‐host interaction and in the response to antifungals inTrichophyton rubrum
Authors: de Abreu Mariana Heinzen , Bitencourt Tamires Aparecida , Franco Matheus Eloy , Moreli Igor Sawasaki , Cantelli Bruna Aline Michelotto , Komoto Tatiana Takahasi , Marins Mozart , Fachin Ana Lúcia 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundTrichophyton rubrumis the most common aetiological agent of human dermatophytoses. These infections mainly occur in keratinised layers such as skin, hair and nails because the fungus uses keratin as a nutrient source. Fluconazole and amphotericin are antifungal agents most commonly used to treat dermatophytoses and acts on cell membrane ergosterol. Despite the clinical importance ofT rubrum, the mechanisms underlying the fungal‐host relationship have not yet been clarified. Tandem repeats (TRs) are short DNA sequences that are involved in a variety of adaptive functions, including the process of fungal infection. It is known that the larger the number of TRs in the genome, the greater the capacity of cell‐cell junction and surface adhesion, especially when these repeats are present in regions encoding cell surface proteins.ObjectivesTo identify in silicoT rubrumgenes containing TR patterns and to analyse the modulation of these genes in culture medium containing keratin (a model simulating skin infection) and antifungal drugs.MethodsThe Dermatophyte Tandem Repeats Database (DTRDB) and the FaaPred tool were used to identify fourT rubrumgenes containing TR patterns. Quantitative real‐time (RT) PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression during the growth ofT rubrumon keratin and in the presence of fluconazole, amphotericin B and Congo red (acts in the cell wall).ResultsThe expression of these genes was found to be induced in culture medium containing keratin. In addition, these genes were induced in the presence of antifungal agents, especially fluconazole, indicating an adaptive response to the stress caused by this drug.ConclusionThe results suggest an important role of genes containing TRs in the fungal‐host interaction and in the susceptibility to inhibitory compounds, indicating these sequences as new potential targets for the development of antifungal agents.
Characterization of esophageal motility and esophagogastric junction in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Rayyan Maissa , Omari Taher , Debeer Anne , Allegaert Karel , Rommel Nathalie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo characterize esophageal motility and function of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).MethodsHigh‐resolution manometry with impedance was used to investigate esophageal motility and EGJ function in 28 tube‐fed preterm infants with BPD. Patients with BPD were studied at term age during oral feeding. Thirteen healthy term‐aged infants were included as controls. Esophageal analysis derived objective measures to evaluate esophageal contractile vigor, bolus distension pressure, EGJ relaxation, and EGJ barrier function (in rest and during respiration). In addition, we investigated the effect of BPD severity on these measures.Key resultsA total of 140 nutritive swallows were analyzed (BPD, n = 92; controls, n = 48). Normal esophageal peristaltic wave patterns were observed in all infants. BPD patients had higher distal contractile esophageal strength compared with controls (Kruskal‐Wallis (KW) P = .048), and their deglutitive EGJ relaxation was comparable to controls. Severe BPD patients showed higher bolus distension pressures, higher EGJ resting pressures, and increased EGJ contractile integrals compared with mild BPD patients (Mann‐Whitney U P = .009, KW P = .012 and KW P = .028, respectively).Conclusions and InferencesPreterm infants with BPD consistently present with normal peristaltic esophageal patterns following nutritive liquid swallows. The EGJ barrier tone and relaxation pressure appeared normal. In general, infants with BPD do not have altered esophageal motor function. There is however evidence for increased flow resistance at the EGJ in severe BPD patients possibly related to an increased contractility of the diaphragm.
30+ years of P300 brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Allison Brendan Z. , Kübler Andrea , Jin Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBrain–computer interfaces (BCIs) directly measure brain activity with no physical movement and translate the neural signals into messages. BCIs that employ the P300 event‐related brain potential often have used the visual modality. The end user is presented with flashing stimuli that indicate selections for communication, control, or both. Counting each flash that corresponds to a specific target selection while ignoring other flashes will elicit P300s to only the target selection. P300 BCIs also have been implemented using auditory or tactile stimuli. P300 BCIs have been used with a variety of applications for severely disabled end users in their homes without frequent expert support. P300 BCI research and development has made substantial progress, but challenges remain before these tools can become practical devices for impaired patients and perhaps healthy people.
Life expectancy and economic development: Evidence from microdata
Authors: Turan Belgi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examines the effect of life expectancy on fertility, education, and labor force participation. Using birth and sibling histories from the Demographic Health Surveys conducted in sub‐Saharan Africa, I construct a time series of age‐specific birth rates and mortality rates at the country‐region level. I use these data to test the implications of a general equilibrium model linking life expectancy to fertility, human capital, and labor supply. My results suggest that increases in life expectancy reduce fertility, increase education, and increase labor force participation. Overall, my empirical results suggest that in sub‐Saharan Africa, increases in life expectancy will have a positive impact on growth through fertility, education, and labor supply but that the effect will be small. My results also rule out the possibility that recent shocks to adult mortality in high HIV prevalence countries will reduce fertility, increase labor productivity, and lead to faster growth.
Forecasting of Cohort Fertility Under a Hierarchical Bayesian Approach
Authors: Ellison Joanne , Dodd Erengul , Forster Jonathan J. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryFertility projections are a key determinant of population forecasts, which are widely used by government policy makers and planners. In keeping with the recent literature, we propose an intuitive and transparent hierarchical Bayesian model to forecast cohort fertility. Using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo methods and a data set from the human fertility database, we obtain fertility forecasts for 30 countries. We use scoring rules to assess the predictive accuracy of the forecasts quantitatively; these indicate that our model predicts with an accuracy comparable with that of the best-performing models in the current literature overall, with stronger performance for countries without a recent structural shift. Our findings support the position of hierarchical Bayesian modelling at the forefront of population forecasting methods.
Assessing pain in children with autism spectrum disorders: findings from a preliminary validation study
Authors: Palese Alvisa , Conforto Ludovica , Meloni Francesca , Bordei Valeria , Domenighini Alessia , Bulfone Elena , Grassetti Luca , Gonella Silvia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsAssessing pain in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) can be extremely challenging, since many cannot self‐report pain. This study aims to test the validity of the Non‐Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist – Revised (NCCPC‐R) in identifying pain in children and adolescents affected by ASDs.Materials and methodsA two‐phase validation study based on (a) the translation and cultural adaptation of the NCCPC‐R to Italian and to ASD‐specific needs and context; and (b) the validation of a modified, 32‐item version of the NCCPC‐R. In all, 141 carers of children aged 6–16 years with ASDs were asked to recall an in‐pain episode and a not‐in‐pain episode of their child and to rate on a 3‐point scale (0 = not at all, 3 = very often) each behaviour included in the tool. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), explorative and confirmative factorial structure, as well as concurrent and discriminant validity, were all assessed.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis established the revised version of the NCCPC‐R for children with ASDs (named = NCCPC‐RASD), formed from 10 of the original 30 items categorised into three factors (‘Changing in mood’, ‘Increasing in tension’ and ‘Alerting reaction’) to have an acceptable level of reliability. The tool was internally consistent (α = 0.741 during in‐pain episodes, α = 0.790 during not‐in‐pain episodes) and was able to discriminate between in‐pain episodes (13.36 out of 40; CI 95% 12.34–14.39) and not‐in‐pain episodes (7.84 out of 40; CI 95% 6.86–8.82, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThese results provide preliminary evidence that the 10‐item version of the NCCPC‐RASDis a reliable and valid tool for assessing pain in children with ASD.
Athletes with a concussion history in the last two years have impairments in dynamic balance performance
Authors: Johnston William , Heiderscheit Bryan , Sanfilippo Jennifer , Brooks M. Alison , Caulfield Brian 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine if National Collegiate Athletics Association Division 1 American Football and Ice Hockey athletes with a history of concussion have impaired dynamic balance control when compared to healthy control athletes. This cross‐sectional observational study recruited 146 athletes; 90 control athletes and 56 athletes with a history of concussion. Athletes were tested during a pre‐season evaluation using the inertial‐sensor instrumented Y Balance Test. Independent variables were normalized reach distance, gyroscope magnitude sample entropy, and jerk magnitude root mean square. Kruskal‐Wallis H test and Dunn‐Bonferroni analysis demonstrated that individuals with a concussion history within the last 2 years have statistically significantly lower jerk magnitude root mean square in the posteromedial (Z = 23.22,P = .015) and posterolateral (Z = 24.64,P = .010) reach directions, when compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between those who sustained a concussion longer than two years ago and the control group for the posteromedial (Z = −1.25;P = .889) and posterolateral (Z = 6.44;P = .469) directions. These findings show that athletes with a concussion history within the last two years possess dynamic balance deficits, when compared to healthy control athletes. Conversely, athletes whose injury occurred greater than 2 years ago possessed comparable performance to the healthy controls. This suggests that sensorimotor control deficits may persist beyond clinical recovery, for up to 2 years. Therefore, clinicians should integrate balance training interventions into the return‐to‐play process to accelerate sensorimotor recovery and mitigate the risk of future injury.
Longitudinal restraining devices for the evaluation of structural behaviour of cement‐based materials: The past, present and prospective trends
Authors: Kanavaris Fragkoulis , Azenha Miguel , Schlicke Dirk , Kovler Konstantin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe problem of thermal and shrinkage cracking in concrete has been long recognised by researchers and engineers as it can jeopardise the intended serviceability of a concrete structure. This has led researchers to develop testing devices which aim to simulate the behaviour of concrete under restrained deformations. Such devices are discerned in passive and active, depending on how concrete's movement is restrained, whilst a new type of devices has been developed to account for the combined effects of intrinsic restrained deformations and externally imposed actions. This paper presents a detailed and critical literature review on the developed restraining devices and an analysis of the capabilities, complexities and peculiarities associated with their use. Further to this, the challenges the developers of testing devices are faced with, the gaps and uncertainties with the methods found in the literature and recommendations for potential improvements in the field are discussed.
Low‐cost digital image correlation and strain measurement for geotechnical applications
Authors: Eichhorn G. N. , Bowman A. , Haigh S. K. , Stanier S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParticle image velocimetry (PIV), or digital image correlation (DIC), is a widely used technique to measure soil displacements and strains in small‐scale geotechnical models. Arrays of single‐board computers (SBCs) produced by Raspberry Pi, and their associated 8‐MP cameras, are being used at the University of Cambridge to capture the images required for DIC analysis. This alternative to more expensive camera set‐ups has numerous advantages. A single expensive and large camera can be replaced—at low cost—by multiple cameras, adding flexibility and affordability to any experimental set‐up. Traditionally, the alignment of multiple cameras to each other and the referencing to a known coordinate system required painted or machined markers to be located on the observation windows through which the experiments are viewed. This can obstruct localised soil grain displacement measurements in those areas of the model where such markers are placed. To complement the Raspberry Pi camera system, a markerless calibration method was used during image acquisition. This paper outlines the set‐up of four of these small computers and associated cameras, provides an overview of the use of the markerless referencing system and reviews two different experimental apparatus used to measure soil displacement and strain. When the cost of additional cabling, connectors and mounting hardware is considered for this system, the total cost to implement was approximately $125 USD per camera plus one‐time costs of $175 USD for system peripherals, which represents outstanding value and enables practically all geotechnical laboratories to develop similar capabilities.
Comparison of various treatment options for canine atopic dermatitis: a blinded, randomized, controlled study in a colony of research atopic beagle dogs
Authors: Marsella Rosanna , Ahrens Kim , Wilkes Rachel , Trujillo Andrew , Dorr Mackenzie 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundNo study has directly compared the various treatment options for canine atopic dermatitis and their effects on skin barrier.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare prednisone, oclacitinib, ciclosporin and lokivetmab treatment of atopic dermatitis.AnimalsNineteen atopic beagle dogs.Methods and materialsControlled, blinded study. Dogs were challenged with allergen twice weekly and randomized to oclacitinib, ciclosporin, lokivetmab, prednisone or no treatment for four weeks. Dermatitis and pruritus were assessed at baseline and after each challenge. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and hydration were measured at baseline, Day (D)14 and D28 (pinnae, axilla, groin). Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 3rd iteration (CADESI‐03), pruritus, TEWL and hydration. For CADESI, the AUC of the first two weeks was compared to that of the last two weeks.ResultsFor CADESI, restricted maximum‐likelihood ANOVA showed effect of time (P = 0034) and group x time interaction (P = 0.0169). In the first two weeks, prednisone and oclacitinib were significantly lower than controls (P = 0.019 and P = 0.015, respectively). Lokivetmab prevented flares. Due to variability, no significance differences in pruritus were observed among groups. The TEWL increased with time in controls (P = 0.0237) and ciclosporin (P = 0.04, axilla, D28 versus D0) but not in the oclacitinib and lokivetmab groups. CADESI‐03 correlated with TEWL (P = 0.0043) and pruritus (P = 0.0283). Hydration did not correlate with any parameters. Hydration decreased in controls and prednisone group (axilla, D14 versus D0, P = 0.004 and P = 0.027, respectively). AUC for hydration, over time, was higher for lokivetmab and oclacitinib than controls (P = 0.014 and P = 0.04, respectively).Conclusions and clinical importanceLokivetmab prevented flares when given before challenge. Oclacitinib and lokivetmab have some positive effects on skin barrier parameters.
Hematite replacement and oxidative overprinting recorded in the 1.88 Ga Gunflint iron formation, Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rasmussen Birger , Muhling Janet R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The 1.88 Ga Gunflint Formation in Ontario, Canada, has played a key role in the development of current models for the deposition of iron formations. The presence of hematite-rich iron formation intercalated with chert stromatolites containing purported cyanobacterial microfossils sparked the idea that biology was the principal driver of Fe2+ oxidation and iron deposition. However, despite the abundance of hematite in the Gunflint Formation, a primary depositional origin has not been established. Here we present evidence for the replacement of Fe-silicate granules by hematite in drill core intersecting the Gunflint Formation. Iron-oxide replacement proceeded inwards from granule boundaries and along intergranular fractures, producing iron oxide–rich rims around Fe-silicate cores. The abundance of organic matter in shaly iron formation implies that the iron-rich mudstones experienced anoxic diagenesis and that coexisting hematite was not depositional but formed after burial. Widespread distribution of the alteration textures indicates that this was a large-scale process and that much of the hematite is not primary. Lifting the veil of oxidative overprinting reveals an iron-rich sediment that was originally more reduced and dominated by Fe(II)-rich minerals. Our results imply that a major assumption underpinning the original model for biological iron oxidation as the driver of iron formation deposition may be flawed, raising broader questions about the origin of hematite in other iron formations and the role of biology in iron deposition in the early oceans.
Results from NEXT-D: the association of a pre-diabetes-specific health plan and rates of incident diabetes among a national sample of working-age adults
Authors: Moin Tannaz , Li Jinnan , Duru Kenrik , Ettner Susan L , Turk Norman , Chan Charles , Keckhafer Abigail M , Luchs Robert H , Ho Sam , Mangione Carol M 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundPre-diabetes affects one-third of adults in the USA and a subset will progress to type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to determine whether a disease-specific health plan, known as the Diabetes Health Plan (DHP), designed to improve care for persons with pre-diabetes and diabetes also led to lower rates of incident diabetes among adults with pre-diabetes.MethodsWe examined eligibility and claims data from a large payer who offered the DHP to a national sample of employers. We included adult employees and dependents who were continuously covered by the DHP over a 4-year study window. The primary outcome was incident diabetes. We conducted propensity score matching at the employer level to find comparable control employer groups offering standard plans. Using an adjusted logistic regression model at the individual level, we tested the association between DHP employer group status and incident diabetes diagnosis during the 3 years of postbaseline follow-up.FindingsOur analysis included data from 11 965 continuously enrolled adults with pre-diabetes (n=1538 from nine employers offering DHP; n=10 427 from 105 control employers offering standard plans). DHP employees and covered dependents with pre-diabetes had an 8% lower absolute predicted probability of incident diabetes compared with individuals from employer groups offering standard benefit plans (29% predicted probability of incident diabetes for DHP vs 37% for controls, p<0.001).ConclusionsA pre-diabetes-specific health benefit design was associated with lower rates of incident diabetes and represents an area of needed future study.