bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruxolitinib mitigates steroid‐refractory CRS during CAR T therapy
Authors: Pan Jing , Deng Biping , Ling Zhuojun , Song Weiliang , Xu Jinlong , Duan Jiajia , Wang Zelin , Chang Alex H. , Feng Xiaoming , Tan Yue 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity are two major CAR T related toxicities. With the interventions of Tocilizumab and steroids, many patients can recover from severe CRS. However, some patients are refractory to steroids and develop life‐threatening consequences. Ruxolitinib is an oral JAKs inhibitor and promising drug in inflammatory diseases. In this pilot study, we evaluate the efficacy of Ruxolitinib in CRS. Of 14 r/r B‐ALL children who received CD19 or CD22 CAR T cell therapies, 4 patients developed severe (≥grade 3) CRS with symptoms that were not alleviated with high‐dose steroids and thus received ruxolitinib. Rapid resolution of CRS symptoms was observed in 4 patients after ruxolitinib treatment. Serum cytokines significantly decreased after ruxolitinib intervention. All patients achieved complete remission on day 30 after infusion, and we could still detect CAR T expansion in vivo despite usage of ruxolitinib. There were no obvious adverse events related to ruxolitinib. In vitro assays revealed that ruxolitinib could dampen CAR T expansion and cytotoxicity, suggesting that the timing and dosage of ruxolitinib should be carefully considered to avoid dampening anti‐leukaemia response. Our results suggest that ruxolitinib is active and well tolerated in steroid‐refractory and even life‐threatening CRS.
What influences prescribing decisions in a multimorbidity and polypharmacy context on the acute medical unit? An interprofessional, qualitative study
Authors: Rivers Peter H , Langford Nigel , Whitehead Andrew , Harrison Tim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe primary aim of the study was to understand the mindset of doctors and pharmacists, as they embark upon prescribing in a multimorbidity and polypharmacy context during routine practice at a hospital acute admissions unit. The study also aimed to evaluate to what extent attitudes, embedded within real‐life decision‐making scenarios, relate to existing theory and models of prescribing decisions.MethodsAnonymized case studies were identified from the medical notes of patients aged 65 and over with conditions likely to be associated with multimorbidity, medication issues and polypharmacy: namely: fall, urinary tract infection, confusion or lower respiratory tract infection. A total of 39 doctors based on the acute medical admissions unit and 9 pharmacists were recruited to one of three focus groups. Patient case‐studies provided the context for discussion from which verbatim transcripts were thematically analyzed using an interpretative, qualitative approach. Sub‐themes were matched to Murshid and Mohaidin's proposed model of physician prescribing decisions.ResultsSeven principal themes were identified that were associated with prescribing decisions on the acute medical unit, namely, “patient characteristics,” “drug characteristics,” “pharmacist factors,” “trustworthiness,” “reliability of medication history,” “competing priorities” and “responsibilities of prescribers.”ConclusionPrescribing decisions on the acute medical admissions unit were influenced by a variety of factors, some of which have already been acknowledged within existing theories and models. The findings provisionally offer new insights, which, subject to confirmation by further research, bring to light three attitudinal characteristics that may impact negatively upon the quality of prescribing decisions. These include, first, how perceived poor reliability of medication history may result in information gaps that compromise prescribing decisions; second, how competing priorities restrict doctors' aptitude to conduct a review of medication and finally, how doctors may rationalize the assignment of medication review to the GP.
Age and growth of grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus from trans‐Atlantic populations
Authors: Shervette Virginia R. , Rivera Hernández Jesús M. , Nunoo Francis Kofi Ewusie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic factors that negatively impact reef fishes can include changes in life‐history patterns of fisheries‐targeted species. Understanding these impacts on growth and population age structure is essential in the management of exploited populations of fishes. This is the first study to directly compare age and growth for a major fisheries species between east and west populations of a transatlantic reef fish. The main goal of this study was to document age and growth in grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus from coastal waters of Ghana in the Gulf of Guinea (GOG) and compare those with the previous growth studies from that region and with the western Atlantic population. A secondary objective of this study was to evaluate the use of otoliths to age triggerfish and to provide a preliminary comparison with spine‐derived age estimates. The results obtained from this study provided an updated understanding of the growth and age structure of the eastern B. capriscus population in GOG. The authors documented that shifts in population attributes occurred for B. capriscus after its major decline in abundance. The differences in physical and biotic characteristics of the East and West Atlantic regions and the differences in collection methods of samples make direct comparisons of growth parameters difficult. Nonetheless, overall differences in maximum sizes and ages were apparent; the western Atlantic population had a larger maximum size and older maximum age. The authors also documented that sagittal otoliths can be used to provide age estimates for triggerfish species, and otoliths as an ageing structure had better between‐reader precision compared to dorsal spines.
The effect of different exogenous kisspeptins on sex hormones and reproductive indices of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) broodstock
Authors: Valipour AbdolMajid , Heidari Behrooz , Asghari S. Mohsen , Balalaie Saeed , Rabouti Hanieh , Omidian Navid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite several studies on fish hormone therapy, finding new candidates may provide more reproductive efficiency in artificial propagation. Kisspeptins, being upstream of the hypothalamic–pituitary‐gonadal axis, appear to play a key role in the reproduction process. In the present study, the effect of different variants of kisspeptide, including goldfish (Carassius auratus) kiss1 kisspeptin (Kiss1), human kisspeptin (Hkiss), and their combination (Kiss1 + H), on the reproductive indices of goldfish broodstock in comparison to Ovaprim (a typical synthetic Gnrh hormone) was investigated. Peptides (Kiss1 and Hkiss) were synthesized using a solid‐phase synthesis approach. Kiss1 and Hkiss were injected at a dose of 100 μg kg−1 body weight, blood samples were taken 6 h after injection and sex hormones (E2, Dhp, and 11‐Kt), gonadotropins (Lh and Fsh), cortisol and reproductive indices (fecundity, fertilization and hatching percentage) were measured. The results showed a significant increase of plasma sex hormones and gonadotropins in fish treated with kisspeptins. In addition, the cortisol and lipoprotein lipase in Kiss1, Hkiss and Kiss1 + H were remarkably increased compared to Ovaprim. In conclusion, kisspeptins could be a more suitable candidate than Ovaprim for accelerating and synchronizing oocyte maturation in the fisheries industry.
The Effect of Orthostatic Hypotension Detected Pre‐Operatively on Post‐Operative Outcome
Authors: Hogan Alexandra M. , Luck Claire , Woods Sarah , Ortu Andrea , Petkov Svet 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUNDExacerbation of or new onset orthostatic hypotension in perioperative patients can occur. There is complex underlying pathophysiology with further derailment likely caused by acute cardiovascular changes associated with surgery. The implications for post‐operative recovery are unclear, particularly in frail and older patients. We retrospectively explored patient notes for evidence of post‐operative orthostatic intolerance in relation to pre‐operative orthostatic hypotension.METHODSSupine and 1‐minute and 3‐minute standing blood pressure measures obtained from adult patients before mainly general, orthopedic or uro/gynecology surgery were compared to post‐operative outcome, specifically, evidence in patient notes about falls, feeling dizzy/unsteady and/or fearful to stand. Orthostatic hypotension was defined as a 20 mmHg or more and/or 10 mmHg or more fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, within ~3 minutes of standing after lying supine for an electrocardiogram.RESULTSWhilst all patients included had a 1‐minute standing blood pressure assessment (N = 170), 3‐minute assessment was performed less commonly (N = 113). Nevertheless, one‐quarter (23.5%; N = 40) of 170 patients had pre‐operative orthostatic hypotension. This was not clearly explained by cardiac or neurological disease or by common medications, but did occur more frequently in older patients and in those aged 65 years or more with higher clinical frailty scale scores. The COVID‐19 pandemic reduced the number of patients progressing to surgery within the planned study timescale (N = 143/170; 84.1%). Nevertheless, patients with orthostatic hypotension stayed longer in hospital post‐operatively and were more likely to have an episode of fall, unsteadiness and/or dizziness documented (un‐prompted) in their notes.CONCLUSIONSThese data provide further impetus for research into modifiable perioperative risk factors associated with orthostatic hypotension. These risks are not confined to those with a pre‐existing dysautonomia diagnosis.
Debating Decolonization in the Caribbean: Assessment and Polyvocal Response to Island Anthropologies Workshop (March 18–20, 2019)
Authors: Jayaram Kiran C. , Kulstad‐González Tess , Rollins Castillo Luisa , Nau Nadège 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article presents a summary of and response to a conference on anthropological research held between March 18 and 20, 2019, on Hispaniola, the island where Haiti and the Dominican Republic are located. In the spirit of world anthropologies and the decolonization of knowledge that structured the event, we offer this review and assessment based in a collaboration effort involving one Dominican woman, one Dominican American woman, one Haitian American woman, and one Indian American man.1 We begin by contextualizing and summarizing the event. The second part is polyvocal, in that each of the co‐authors who attended the event independently crafted a critique and commentary on Island Anthropologies that reflects their positionality.
The dialog between neurons and microglia in Alzheimer's disease: The neurotransmitters view
Authors: Stolero Nofar , Frenkel Dan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicroglia play a vital role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Their continuous sensing of surrounding micro‐environments is crucial for their activity. Cross talk between specific neurons and microglia might occur through specific neurotransmitter receptors on microglia. Impairment with this interaction might result in pathological activity of microglia against potential insults. The reason for this activity in many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not known. However, several papers report of the effects of different neurotransmitter agonists on microglial cells function that relate to their activity in AD. This review aims to summarize those works and to raise potential fundamental questions for future research.
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Assessing the Association between Participation in Extracurricular Activities and Delinquent Behavior among Justice‐Involved Young Men
Authors: Simmons Cortney , Kan Emily , Simpkins Sandra , Datta Sachiko , Steinberg Laurence , Frick Paul J. , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Extracurricular activities (ECAs) have been found to promote positive youth development and protect against misconduct and minor delinquency. However, little research has examined whether ECA participation predicts delinquency among at‐risk young men or considered how delinquent behavior, in turn, impacts ECA participation. This study examined extracurricular participation over three years in a sample of 1,216 justice‐involved young men (Mage = 15.29). Approximately half of the sample participated in ECA each year. A cross‐lagged panel model was used to examine the bidirectional association between ECA participation and two types of delinquency, school misconduct and criminal offending. The results suggest that ECA participation did not consistently predict subsequent delinquency. Rather, justice‐involved young men who engaged in more delinquency were less likely to participate in ECAs.
Interlocking systems of oppression and privilege impact African Australian health and well‐being in greater Melbourne: A qualitative intersectional analysis
Authors: Young Charlotte 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndividual‐level factors are typically identified as barriers to health and well‐being for African Australians, whereas little attention is paid to the multiple intersecting dimensions of inequality. Without accounting for the interrelated nature of African Australians’ social locations and intersecting systems of oppression/privilege, practice and policy responses may have limited impact. This qualitative empirical study utilizes intersectional analysis to understand concerns about African Australian health and well‐being in Greater Melbourne gleaned from an Issues Paper produced by 50 African Australians, two group interviews, and 22 slow interviews. Participants included 35 African Australians and nine people of non‐African backgrounds working with, and for, African Australians in the community sector. Systems of oppression/privilege that impact health outcomes for certain African Australians are found at the intersections of migration pathway, age, and gender and manifest within three Australian institutions, including via segregation and othering in education, labor market discrimination, and gendered racism in health care provision. As such, intersectional and equity‐orientated practice and policy actions are recommended to shift the distribution of power across all social institutions and eradicate health inequities.
Intersectional patterns of prejudice confrontation by White, heterosexual, and cisgender allies
Authors: Case Kim A. , Rios Desdamona , Lucas Amy , Braun Kelsey , Enriquez Carrie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScholarship produced by psychologists typically focuses on one area of social identity and oppression per study (e.g., only sexism) with very little intersectional analysis across systemic oppression and privilege. To better understand the intersecting patterns of ally behavior, we examined online confrontation behavior by privileged individuals in response to antigay, antitransgender, and racist comments. Study 1 explored rates and types of confrontation during encounters with anti‐Mexican and antigay comments. Study 2 used an experimental design to assess rates and types of confrontation of anti‐Arab and antitransgender comments in the presence of a second confederate who either confronted the prejudice or remained silent. When exposed to anti‐Mexican bias, men were initially more likely to speak up than women, whereas women were more likely to respond to antigay comments. In terms of anti‐Arab and antitransgender bias, social influence resulted in more direct confrontation for anti‐Arab statements and higher rates of confrontation for antitransgender bias. Applying an intersectional lens, patterns of power and privilege reveal gender socialization may impact ally responses to racism and antigay bias. For example, gender socialization and stereotypes equating femininity with gay men may both decrease ally behavior among men and increase confrontation of antigay bias among women. When another potential ally is present, social influence appears to become the most powerful predictor of both whether or not a participant confronts bias and how direct they are with the perpetrator. Intersectional examination of invisible norms for promoting ally confrontation informs development of effective equity and justice interventions.
Cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes produced by sesame leaf spot pathogen Corynespora cassiicola
Authors: Jia Min , Liu Xintao , Zhao Hui , Ni Yunxia , Liu Hongyan , Tian Baoming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCorynespora leaf spot (CLS) is one of the most important diseases in sesame and is caused by a fungal pathogen, Corynespora cassiicola. In this study, we investigated the role of cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDEs) in the process of pathogen infection and aimed to identify the enzyme that exerts positive effect. Corynespora cassiicola was inoculated in liquid culture and in sesame leaf. At 7 days postinoculation, CWDEs including polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase (CL), neutral xylanase (NEX) and laccase (LC) were detected in the supernatant and leaf extracts inoculated with Corynespora cassiicola. The result showed that the activities of LC and NEX were higher in liquid culture, while the activities of CL and PG were lower. In the sesame leaf infected by Corynespora cassiicola, the activity of NEX was the highest, those of CL and LC were the second highest and that of PG was the weakest, which indicated that NEX was the key enzyme in the process of sesame infection by Corynespora cassiicola. Secondly, the activities of the CWDEs secreted by Corynespora cassiicola were disparate in different sesame varieties. CWDEs activities of cultivar Jz were generally higher than cultivar Hn, and the activity change curve of Jz was also steeper than that of Hn. This indicates that the resistance mechanism of Hn may inhibit the activities of CWDEs and that the appearance and expansion of leaf necrosis spot is related to the comprehensive accumulation and action of various CWDEs. This is the first report investigating the association between CWDEs and pathogenesis of Corynespora cassiicola, causing Corynespora leaf spot in sesame.
Adjunctive systemic antimicrobials in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Sgolastra Fabrizio , Petrucci Ambra , Ciarrocchi Irma , Masci Chiara , Spadaro Alessandro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review and network meta‐analysis was to assess the efficacy of antimicrobials adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The protocol (CRD42020178621) was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched up to March 2020; furthermore, a manual search of relevant periodontal journals was conducted. Mean differences (MD) and standard deviations were calculated for clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and probing depth (PD) reduction at 6 and 12 months. A network meta‐analysis was performed to assess direct and indirect comparisons and to establish a ranking of treatments. A total of 21 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review. Network meta‐analysis showed that SRP + amoxicillin (AMX) + metronidazole (MTZ), as compared to SRP, reached the highest PD reduction at 6 [MD = 0.47; 95% CI (0.3; 0.64)] and 12 months [MD = 0.51; 95% CI (0.25; 0.78)], and CAL gain at 6 [MD = 0.54; 95% CI (0.27; 0.8)] and 12 months [MD = 0.37; 95% CI (0.05; 0.69)]. Network meta‐analysis indicated that AMX + MTZ adjunctive to SRP provided the best improvement in clinical parameters, followed by SRP + MTZ.
Differences in Mortality Rates between Haredi and Non‐Haredi Jews in Israel in the Context of Social Characteristics
Authors: Pinchas‐Mizrachi Ronit , Zalcman Beth G. , Shapiro Ephraim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch indicates that mortality rates are lower among the religious. Israeli ultra‐orthodox Jews, called Haredim, have characteristics distinguishing them from the rest of the Jewish population in Israel. These include lower socioeconomic status, higher fertility rates and rates of young marriage, and isolation from the general population. Our retrospective cohort study aims to determine the difference in mortality rates between Haredi and non‐Haredi Jews in Israel. We collected data on sociodemographic variables, religious lifestyle, and all‐cause mortality for 1,230,636 Jewish Israelis (62,674 Haredim) between 1996 and 2016. Using Cox regression and adjusted Kaplan‐Meier curves, we constructed models to evaluate the relationship between identifying as Haredi and mortality. The mortality rate was significantly lower among the Haredi population compared to the non‐Haredi population (5.0 percent vs. 8.2 percent). After adjusting for sex, age, marital status, number of children, education, and socioeconomic status, we still found a higher mortality rate among non‐Haredim compared to Haredim (HR = 1.596; 99 percent CI = 1.519, 1.678). While causal mechanisms could not be analyzed in this study, a likely cause is increased social, psychological, and religious resources, highlighting the need to consider factors other than socioeconomic status when studying religious and other groups with other forms of capital.
Correlation of minimally invasive imaging techniques to assess intestinal mucosal perfusion with established markers of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs
Authors: Salavati Mazdak , Pérez‐Accino Jorge , Tan Yi Lin , Liuti Tiziana , Smith Sionagh , Morrison Linda , Salavati Schmitz Silke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive diagnostic imaging techniques to detect intestinal inflammation in dogs are lacking. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and endoscopic narrow band imaging‐like endoscopy (Storz Professional Image Enhancement System [SPIES]) might allow quantification of intestinal mucosal perfusion and microvessel density in chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) of dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesMarkers of mucosal perfusion as determined by CEUS and SPIES endoscopy are potentially useful diagnostic markers to help characterize CIE and correlate with histological inflammation type and severity.AnimalsThirty client‐owned dogs diagnosed with CIE at a referral hospital were prospectively enrolled.Materials and MethodsData from CEUS, SPIES, and white light (WL) endoscopy were correlated with World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) endoscopy and histology scores and vessel density as determined by immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor (vWF). Automated linear modeling was used to determine predictors of endoscopic and histologic severity.ResultsDuodenal histology correlated with SPIES data (area percentage value,rho= 0.424,P= .04). White light endoscopy parameters correlated with SPIES parameters in the duodenum. Colonic histology correlated positively with CEUS, whereas colonic CEUS parameters correlated inversely with vWF expression. Several duodenal parameters combined predicted duodenal histology scores to a level of 73.4%. For the colon, 2 parameters contributed more than others to 73.1%.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceMinimally invasive CEUS and SPIES appear feasible to assess intestinal perfusion in CIE. Use of SPIES endoscopy may be promising for assessing small intestinal inflammation, whereas CEUS could be used to assess colonic perfusion and inflammation. Both techniques need to be investigated further for their clinical utility.