bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐142‐5P regulates triglyceride by targeting CTNNB1 in goat mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Sui MeiXia , Wang ZongWei , Xi Dan , Wang HanHai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate genes through post‐transcriptional regulation by targeting the 3′‐UTR of mRNA to downregulate gene expression. Several reports have indicated that miRNA regulation can affect many physiological processes, including immune function, apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and milk fat metabolism. In this study, miR‐142‐5P promoted milk fat metabolism, and inhibition of miR‐142‐5P suppressed milk fat metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. The luciferase and Western blot assays indicated that catenin beta‐1 (CTNNB1) is a potential target for miR‐142‐5P. In addition, CTNNB1 inhibited milk fat metabolism. In summary, miR‐142‐5P may promote milk fat metabolism by inhibiting CTNNB1 expression.
Reconstructing facade semantic models using hierarchical topological graphs
Authors: Wang Yuefeng , Fan Hongchao , Zhou Guoqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSemantic information in 3D building models is of vital importance for various applications in terms of smart cities. To infer the semantic information and localize the components on building facades, this article proposes a novel approach to model facades with semantics by constructing hierarchical topological graphs. This method utilizes the topological characteristics of building facades. In the first‐layer layout graph, the algorithm takes the nearest cluster as the vertex and the distance between components as the edge. Thus, a topology graph is generated for the facade. The proposed algorithm is divided into three steps. First, the topology graph is obtained by calculating the spacing between the components. It is reasonable to calculate the topological graph by encoding the topological edges. If this calculation is not effective, the topology is justified by adjusting the spacing between components. Finally, the vertices in the graph are used to repair the occluded parts of the facade. In the second‐layer graph, a grid is constructed according to the first‐layer graph. Then, the attributes of the nodes are used to reconstruct the facade. The experimental results show that this method has a high accuracy of 90% and that the average time consumption is 6 s.
Household flooring associated with reduced infant diarrhoeal illness in Zimbabwe in households with and without WASH interventions
Authors: Koyuncu Aybüke , Kang Dufour Mi‐Suk , Watadzaushe Constancia , Dirawo Jeffrey , Mushavi Angela , Padian Nancy , Cowan Frances , McCoy Sandra I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesDiarrhoeal illness is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality and has long‐term negative impacts on child development. Although flooring, water and sanitation have been identified as important routes of transmission of diarrhoeal pathogens, research examining variability in the association between flooring and diarrhoeal illness by water and sanitation is limited.MethodsWe utilised cross‐sectional data collected for the evaluation of Zimbabwe’s Prevention of Mother‐to‐Child HIV transmission programme in 2014 and 2017–18. Mothers of infants 9–18 months of age self‐reported the household's source of drinking water and type of sanitation facility, as well as infant diarrhoeal illness in the four weeks prior to the survey. Household flooring was assessed using interviewer observation, and households in which the main material of flooring was dirt/earthen were classified as having unimproved flooring, and those with solid flooring (e.g. cement) were classified as having improved flooring.ResultsMothers of infants living in households with improved flooring were less likely to report diarrhoeal illness in the last four weeks (PDa = −4.8%, 95% CI: −8.6, −1.0). The association between flooring and diarrhoeal illness did not vary by the presence of improved/unimproved water (pRERI = 0.91) or sanitation (pRERI = 0.76).ConclusionsOur findings support the hypothesis that household flooring is an important pathway for the transmission of diarrhoeal pathogens, even in settings where other aspects of sanitation are sub‐optimal. Improvements to household flooring do not require behaviour change and may be an effective and expeditious strategy for reducing childhood diarrhoeal illness irrespective of household access to improved water and sanitation.
Anti‐platelet antibody immunoassays in childhood immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review
Authors: Schmidt David E. , Lakerveld Anke J. , Heitink‐Pollé Katja M. J. , Bruin Marrie C. A. , Vidarsson Gestur , Porcelijn Leendert , de Haas Masja 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundIn adult immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder, anti‐platelet autoantibody testing may be useful as a rule‐in test. Childhood ITP has different disease characteristics, and the diagnostic and prognostic value of anti‐platelet antibody testing remains uncertain.ObjectiveTo systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of anti‐platelet autoantibody testing in childhood ITP.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched for studies evaluating immunoassays in childhood ITP. Study quality was assessed (QUADAS2), and evidence was synthesized descriptively.ResultsIn total, 40 studies (1606 patients) were identified. Nine studies reported sufficient data to determine diagnostic accuracy measures. Anti‐platelet IgG antibody testing showed a moderate sensitivity (0·36–0·80 platelet‐associated IgG [direct test]; 0·19–0·39 circulating IgG [indirect test]). In studies that reported control data, including patients with non‐immune thrombocytopenia, specificity was very good (0·80–1·00). Glycoprotein‐specific immunoassays showed comparable sensitivity (three studies) and predominantly identified IgG anti‐GP IIb/IIIa antibodies, with few IgG anti‐GP Ib/IX antibodies. Anti‐platelet IgM antibodies were identified in a substantial proportion of children (sensitivity 0·62–0·64 for direct and indirect tests).ConclusionThe diagnostic evaluation of IgG and IgM anti‐platelet antibodies may be useful as a rule‐in test for ITP. In children with insufficient platelets for a direct test, indirect tests may be performed instead. A negative test does not rule out the diagnosis of ITP. Future studies should evaluate the value of anti‐platelet antibody tests in thrombocytopenic children with suspected ITP.
Widespread diversity in the transcriptomes of functionally divergent limb tendons
Authors: Disser Nathaniel P. , Ghahramani Gregory C. , Swanson Jacob B. , Wada Susumu , Chao Max L. , Rodeo Scott A. , Oliver David J. , Mendias Christopher L. 
Published: February 2020

Key points
Tendon is a hypocellular, matrix‐rich tissue that has been excluded from comparative transcriptional atlases. These atlases have provided important knowledge about biological heterogeneity between tissues, and our study addresses this important gap.
We performed measures on four of the most studied tendons, the Achilles, forepaw flexor, patellar and supraspinatus tendons of both mice and rats. These tendons are functionally distinct and are also among the most commonly injured, and therefore of important translational interest.
Approximately one‐third of the filtered transcriptome was differentially regulated between Achilles, forepaw flexor, patellar and supraspinatus tendons within either mice or rats. Nearly two‐thirds of the transcripts that are expressed in anatomically similar tendons were different between mice and rats.
The overall findings from this study identified that although tendons across the body share a common anatomical definition based on their physical location between skeletal muscle and bone, tendon is a surprisingly genetically heterogeneous tissue.
AbstractTendon is a functionally important connective tissue that transmits force between skeletal muscle and bone. Previous studies have evaluated the architectural designs and mechanical properties of different tendons throughout the body. However, less is known about the underlying transcriptional differences between tendons that may dictate their designs and properties. Therefore, our objective was to develop a comprehensive atlas of the transcriptome of limb tendons in adult mice and rats using systems biology techniques. We selected the Achilles, forepaw digit flexor, patellar, and supraspinatus tendons due to their divergent functions and high rates of injury and tendinopathies in patients. Using RNA sequencing data, we generated the Comparative Tendon Transcriptional Database (CTTDb) that identified substantial diversity in the transcriptomes of tendons both within and across species. Approximately 30% of filtered transcripts were differentially regulated between tendons of a given species, and nearly 60% of the filtered transcripts present in anatomically similar tendons were different between species. Many of the genes that differed between tendons and across species are important in tissue specification and limb morphogenesis, tendon cell biology and tenogenesis, growth factor signalling, and production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. This study indicates that tendon is a surprisingly heterogenous tissue with substantial genetic variation based on anatomical location and species.
Impact of rituximab on anthropometric indices among childhood steroid-dependent nephrotic syndromes
Authors: Sinha Rajiv , Banerjee Sushmita , Mukherjee Anwesha , Akhtar Shakil , Pradhan Subal 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThere is scarcity of data on impact of rituximab on anthropometrical parameters (weight, height and body mass index i.e. BMI SD score (SDS)) among children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndromes (SDNS).MethodsMulticentre retrospective review.Results102 children with SDNS (male: 63%; n=64), median age 7 (IQR: 4.3–9.6) years, received a total of 217 rituximab infusions (total 110 cycles). At median follow-up of 2.1 (IQR: 1.3–2.8) years, 58 (57%) children were off steroids and a significant fall in steroid threshold for relapse was noted (median 0.6; IQR 0.4–0.9 to median 0.3; IQR 0.12 - 0.5 mg/kg/alternate day, p=0.005). Anthropometric parameters (BMI SDS: 0.92±1.8 to 0.25±1.47, p=0.003; weight SDS: 0.20±1.6 to −0.11±1.3, p=0.01; and height SDS: −0.93±1.88 to −0.45±1.54, p=0.04) as well as obesity (38% to 20%, p=0.003) and short stature (11% to 3%, p=0.02) improved. Results remained significant even when analysis was restricted to children ≤12 years (n=88), (BMI SDS: 0.97±1.98 to 0.25±1.5, p=0.001; weight SDS: 0.33±1.6 to 0.02±1.2, p=0.01; and height SDS: −0.67±1.84 to −0.186±1.42, p=0.001).ConclusionsUse of rituximab resulted in significant steroid sparing effect with an improvement in both growth and obesity parameters.
Automated identification of malignancy in whole-slide pathological images: identification of eyelid malignant melanoma in gigapixel pathological slides using deep learning
Authors: Wang Linyan , Ding Longqian , Liu Zhifang , Sun Lingling , Chen Lirong , Jia Renbing , Dai Xizhe , Cao Jing , Ye Juan 
Published: February 2020

Background/AimsTo develop a deep learning system (DLS) that can automatically detect malignant melanoma (MM) in the eyelid from histopathological sections with colossal information density.MethodsSetting: Double institutional study.Study population: We retrospectively reviewed 225 230 pathological patches (small section cut from pathologist-labelled area from an H&E image), cut from 155 H&E-stained whole-slide images (WSI).Observation procedures: Labelled gigapixel pathological WSIs were used to train and test a model designed to assign patch-level classification. Using malignant probability from a convolutional neural network, the patches were embedded back into each WSI to generate a visualisation heatmap and leveraged a random forest model to establish a WSI-level diagnosis.Main outcome measure(s): For classification, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate the efficacy of the DLS in detecting MM.ResultsFor patch diagnosis, the model achieved an AUC of 0.989 (95% CI 0.989 to 0.991), with an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 94.9%, 94.7% and 95.3%, respectively. We displayed the lesion area on the WSIs as graded by malignant potential. For WSI, the obtained sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 100%, 96.5% and 98.2%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.998 (95% CI 0.994 to 1.000).ConclusionOur DLS, which uses artificial intelligence, can automatically detect MM in histopathological slides and highlight the lesion area on WSIs using a probabilistic heatmap. In addition, our approach has the potential to be applied to the histopathological sections of other tumour types.
Cohort study of high maternal body mass index and the risk of adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes in Scotland
Authors: Doi Lawrence , Williams Andrew James , Marryat Louise , Frank John 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the association between high maternal weight status and complications during pregnancy and delivery.SettingScotland.ParticipantsData from 132 899 first-time singleton deliveries in Scotland between 2008 and 2015 were used. Women with overweight and obesity were compared with women with normal weight. Associations between maternal body mass index and complications during pregnancy and delivery were evaluated.Outcome measuresGestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, placenta praevia, placental abruption, induction of labour, elective and emergency caesarean sections, pre-term delivery, post-term delivery, low Apgar score, small for gestational age and large for gestational age.ResultsIn the multivariable models controlling for potential confounders, we found that, compared with women with normal weight, the odds of the following outcomes were significantly increased for women with overweight and obesity (overweight adjusted ORs; 95% CI, followed by the same for women with obesity): gestational hypertension (1.61; 1.49 to 1.74), (2.48; 2.30 to 2.68); gestational diabetes (2.14; 1.86 to 2.46), (8.25; 7.33 to 9.30); pre-eclampsia (1.46; 1.32 to 1.63) (2.07; 1.87 to 2.29); labour induction (1.28; 1.23 to 1.33), (1.69; 1.62 to 1.76) and emergency caesarean section (1.82; 1.74 to 1.91), (3.14; 3.00 to 3.29).ConclusionsWomen with overweight and obesity in Scotland are at greater odds of adverse pregnancy and delivery outcomes. The odds of these conditions increases with increasing body mass index. Health professionals should be empowered and trained to deliver promising dietary and lifestyle interventions to women at risk of overweight and obesity prior to conception, and control excessive weight gain in pregnancy.
Association between employment status and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Nie Jing , Wang Jianglin , Aune Dagfinn , Huang Wentao , Xiao Dong , Wang Yafeng , Chen Xiong 
Published: February 2020

Background
Unemployment has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of mortality. While most available studies focused on the effects of temporary unemployment on mortality, it remains unclear whether similar trends can be found in subjects who were never employed or are retirement. Therefore, this study examined the associations between temporary unemployment, never employed and retirement, integrating the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults.

Methods
Data from the National Health Interview Survey from 2001 to 2013 Linked Mortality files through 31 December 2015 were used. A total of 282 364 participants aged 18 to 65 years were included. Their employment status was categorised into four groups: employed, never employed, temporary unemployed and retired.

Results
During the mean follow-up time of 8.2 years, 12 645 subjects died from a variety of causes. Compared with employed participants, temporary unemployed, never employed or retired participants faced an increased risk of mortality for all-cause (temporary unemployed HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.67 to 1.86; never employed HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47 to 1.81; retired HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.37). Cause-specific mortality analysis showed that compared with employed participants, temporary unemployed or never employed participants faced a significantly increased risk of mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, diabetes and kidney disease.

Conclusion
This study showed that retired, temporary unemployed and never employed participants aged 18 to 65 years were strongly associated with higher mortality, indicating that both temporary and long-term unemployment are associated with a higher risk of mortality and adversely affect longevity.
Brain iron deposition is linked with cognitive severity in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Thomas George Edward Calver , Leyland Louise Ann , Schrag Anette-Eleonore , Lees Andrew John , Acosta-Cabronero Julio , Weil Rimona Sharon 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundDementia is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) but measures that track cognitive change in PD are lacking. Brain tissue iron accumulates with age and co-localises with pathological proteins linked to PD dementia such as amyloid. We used quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to detect changes related to cognitive change in PD.MethodsWe assessed 100 patients with early-stage to mid-stage PD, and 37 age-matched controls using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a validated clinical algorithm for risk of cognitive decline in PD, measures of visuoperceptual function and the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part 3 (UPDRS-III). We investigated the association between these measures and QSM, an MRI technique sensitive to brain tissue iron content.ResultsWe found QSM increases (consistent with higher brain tissue iron content) in PD compared with controls in prefrontal cortex and putamen (p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons). Whole brain regression analyses within the PD group identified QSM increases covarying: (1) with lower MoCA scores in the hippocampus and thalamus, (2) with poorer visual function and with higher dementia risk scores in parietal, frontal and medial occipital cortices, (3) with higher UPDRS-III scores in the putamen (all p<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons). In contrast, atrophy, measured using voxel-based morphometry, showed no differences between groups, or in association with clinical measures.ConclusionsBrain tissue iron, measured using QSM, can track cognitive involvement in PD. This may be useful to detect signs of early cognitive change to stratify groups for clinical trials and monitor disease progression.
Combat Application Tourniquet fares well in a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear dress state
Authors: Beaven Alastair , Sellon E , Ballard M , Parker P 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionThere is a need for a military tourniquet to control catastrophic haemorrhage in a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) threat environment. No published data exist as to the efficacy of tourniquets while wearing British military CBRN individual protective equipment (IPE).Methods12 volunteers from the counter CBRN instructors’ course allowed testing on 24 legs. A Combat Application Tourniquet (C-A-T) was applied to all volunteers at the level of the midthigh. 12 legs were tested while wearing CBRN IPE (both operator and simulated casualty), and the control group of 12 legs was tested while wearing conventional combat dress state (both operator and simulated casualty). The order of leg laterality and dress state were sequenced according to a prerandomised system. Efficacy was measured via use of an ultrasound probe at the popliteal artery. Tourniquets were considered effective if arterial flow was completely occluded on ultrasound imaging. Data were collected on time to successful application, failure of tourniquets and pain scores as rated by the visual analogue scale (1–10).ResultsThere were no failures of tourniquet application in the CBRN group, and two failures (17%) in the control group. Failures were pain threshold exceeded (n=1) and tourniquet internal strap failure (n=1). The mean application time for the CBRN group was 28.5 s (SD 11.7) and 23.7 s (SD 9.8) for the conventional combat group. There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.27). The median CBRN pain score was 2.0 (IQR 2.0–3.5). The median control pain score was 4.0 (IQR 3–6). This was a statistically significant difference (p=0.002).ConclusionC-A-Ts applied to simulated casualties in CBRN IPE at the midthigh are at least as efficacious as those applied to the midthigh in a conventional combat dress state. The pain experienced was less in CBRN IPE than when in a conventional combat dress state.
Losartan may attenuate altitude-related sleep disturbance
Authors: Clarke Alexander , Ladha C , Wright A , Pattinson K 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionSleep disturbance is common at high altitude and likely driven by an exaggerated peripheral chemoreceptor response which leads to apnoeic episodes and arousal. We hypothesised that this heightened response is in part mediated through angiotensin II receptors in the carotid body. To examine this link, we studied the effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker on sleep disturbance.MethodsTwenty participants paired by age, gender and ACE phenotype ascended to the Whymper Hut (5000 m) on Chimborazo in the Ecuadorean Andes as part of a double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled study of physiological mechanisms. Subjects were randomised to either losartan 100 mg daily or placebo. The primary outcome of sleep efficiency was measured using wrist-mounted actigraphs. One pair was excluded from analysis after descending before the end of the study due to acute mountain sickness.ResultsThere was a significantly different response to altitude between the two groups (F=3.274, p=0.029), as a decline in sleep efficiency in the placebo group (F=10.259, p<0.001) was not replicated in the angiotensin II receptor blocker group (F=0.459, p=0.713).ConclusionThe absence of any significant sleep disturbance in the intervention group suggests that peripheral chemoreceptor hypersensitivity is largely mediated by angiotensin II receptor activation. However, further research is needed to confirm our findings and to study the potential mechanisms of action.