bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of infants and children undergoing surgical repair of ventricular septal defect: a review of the literature and implications for research with an emphasis on pulmonary artery hypertension
Authors: Palladino-Davis Anna G. , Davis Christopher S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground:Pulmonary vascular disease resulting from CHDs may be the most preventable cause of pulmonary artery hypertension worldwide. Many children in developing countries still do not have access to early closure of clinically significant defects, and the long-term outcomes after corrective surgery remain unclear. Focused on long-term results after isolated ventricular septal defect repair, our review sought to determine the most effective medical therapy for the pre-operative management of elevated left-to-right shunts in patients with an isolated ventricular septal defect.Methods:We identified articles specific to the surgical repair of isolated ventricular septal defects. Specific parameters included the pathophysiology and pre-operative medical management of pulmonary over-circulation and outcomes.Results:Studies most commonly focused on histologic changes to the pulmonary vasculature and levels of thromboxanes, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, endothelin, and matrix metalloproteinases. Only 2/44 studies mentioned targeted pharmacologic management to any of these systems related to ventricular septal defect repair; no study offered evidence-based guidelines to manage pulmonary over-circulation with ventricular septal defects. Most studies with long-term data indicated a measurable frequency of pulmonary artery hypertension or diminished exercise capacity late after ventricular septal defect repair.Conclusion:Long-term pulmonary vascular and respiratory changes can occur in children after ventricular septal defect repair. Research should be directed at providing an evidenced-based approach to the medical management of infants and children with ventricular septal defects (and naturally all CHDs) to minimise consequences of pulmonary artery hypertension, particularly as defect repair may occur late in underprivileged societies.
Temporally anchored spatial knowledge: Corpora and experiments
Authors: Vempala Alakananda , Blanco Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article presents a two-step methodology to annotate temporally anchored spatial knowledge on top of OntoNotes. We first generate potential knowledge using semantic roles or syntactic dependencies and then crowdsource annotations to validate the potential knowledge. The resulting annotations indicate how long entities are or are not located somewhere and temporally anchor this spatial information. We present an in-depth corpus analysis comparing the spatial knowledge generated by manipulating roles or dependencies. Experiments show that working with syntactic dependencies instead of semantic roles allows us to generate more potential entity-related spatial knowledge and obtain better results in a realistic scenario, that is, with predicted linguistic information.
Dosimetric comparison of RapidPlan and manually optimised volumetric modulated arc therapy plans in prostate cancer
Authors: Chua Loyce M. H. , Pang Eric P. P. , Master Zubin , Sultana Rehena , Tuan Jeffrey K. L. , Bragg Christopher M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether RapidPlan (RP) could generate clinically acceptable prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans.Methods:The in-house RP model was used to generate VMAT plans for 50 previously treated prostate cancer patients, with no additional optimisation being performed. The VMAT plans that were generated using the RP model were compared with the patients’ previous, manually optimised clinical plans (MP), none of which had been used for the development of the in-house RP prostate model. Differences between RP and MP in planning target volume (PTV) doses, organs at risk (OAR) sparing, monitor units (MU) and planning time required to produce treatment plans were analysed. Assessment of PTV doses was based on the conformation number (CN), homogeneity index (HI), D2%, D99% and the mean dose of the PTV. The OAR doses evaluated were the rectal V50 Gy, V65 Gy, V70 Gy and the mean dose, the bladder V65 Gy, V70 Gy and the mean dose, and the mean dose to both femurs.Results:D99% and mean dose of the PTV were lower for RP than for MP (p = 0·006 and p = 0·040, respectively).V50 Gy, V65 Gy and the mean dose to rectum were lower in RP than in MP (p < 0·001). V65 Gy, V70 Gy and the mean dose to bladder were lower in RP than in MP (p < 0·001). RP had enhanced the sparing of both femurs (p < 0·001) and significantly reduced the planning time to less than 5% of the time taken with MP. MU in RP was significantly higher than MP by an average of 52·5 MU (p < 0·001) and 46 out of the 50 RP plans were approved by the radiation oncologist.Conclusion:This study has demonstrated that VMAT plans generated using an in-house RP prostate model in a single optimisation for prostate patients were clinically acceptable with comparable or better plan quality compared to MP. RP can add value and improve treatment planning efficiency in a high-throughput radiotherapy department through reduced plan optimisation time while maintaining consistency in the plan quality.
What is Price Suppression in Abnormal Economic Times? Reflections in Light of the Russia–Commercial Vehicles Ruling
Authors: Ludema Rodney , Wu Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the ambiguity found in the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement concerning price suppression analysis. Previous case law has established that investigating authorities undertaking to highlight price suppression must conduct a counterfactual analysis. This article examines the difficulties that investigating authorities face in performing such an analysis when the investigating period overlaps with a financial crisis or other abnormal economic circumstances. It suggests that the Appellate Body was correct to require consideration of how profit margins and costs are affected by market circumstances, but ought to pay further attention to the behavior of firms in imperfectly competitive markets.
Body Checking bei Frauen mit hohen und niedrigen Figur- und Gewichtssorgen
Authors: Guthoff Henrike , Cordes Martin , Wilhelm Leonie , Hartmann Andrea S. , Vocks Silja 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Gemäß Theorien zu Essstörungen ist die Aufrechterhaltung von Body Checking (BC)-Verhalten mit zwei divergierenden kognitiv-affektiven Prozessen assoziiert, d. h. Anstieg an Arousal versus Abnahme negativer emotionaler Valenz. Fragestellung: Ziel ist die Replikation einer Online-Studie zur Untersuchung, ob BC mit beiden postulierten Prozessen einhergeht und welche Relevanz die subjektive Attraktivität der kontrollierten Körperpartien hierbei hat. Methode: 125 Frauen mit hohen versus niedrigen Figur- und Gewichtssorgen schätzten ihr Level an Arousal und negativer emotionaler Valenz in erinnerten BC-Episoden der subjektiv unattraktivsten und attraktivsten Körperpartien ein. Ergebnisse: Nur bei Frauen mit hohen Figur- und Gewichtssorgen in BC-Episoden der subjektiv unattraktivsten Körperpartien traten sowohl ein Anstieg an Arousal als auch eine Abnahme negativer emotionaler Valenz ein. Schlussfolgerungen: Beide postulierten Prozesse wurden nachgewiesen.
Emotionsbewusstsein und depressive Symptome im frühen Jugendalter
Authors: Lammers Julia , Petermann Ulrike , Petermann Franz , Nitkowski Dennis 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Ergebnisse aus Querschnittstudien weisen darauf hin, dass Emotionsregulationsstrategien den Effekt zwischen dem Emotionsbewusstsein und depressiven Symptomen vermitteln. Es fehlen jedoch prospektive Studien, die diesen Effekt bestätigen. Fragestellung: Diese Studie überprüft, ob die Veränderung in der Nutzung adaptiver und maladaptiver Trauer-Regulationsstrategien über drei Monate die Beziehung zwischen dem Emotionsbewusstsein zu T1 und der depressiven Symptomatik zu T2 vermittelt. Methodik: Bei N = 136 Jugendlichen (55.9 % ♀, M = 11.53 Jahre; SD = 0.82) wurde zu T1 das Emotionsbewusstsein erfasst. Adaptive sowie maladaptive Strategien zur Trauerregulation und die Depressionssymptomatik wurden zu zwei Messzeitpunkten, zwischen denen ein Abstand von M = 15 Wochen ( SD = 4.22) lag, erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass ein hohes Emotionsbewusstsein zu T1 über eine Zunahme maladaptiver Regulationsstrategien mit einer stärkeren depressiven Symptomatik zu T2 verknüpft ist. Ein vermittelnder Effekt über die Veränderung adaptiver Regulationsstrategien fand sich nicht. Eine Zunahme adaptiver Strategien stand in Zusammenhang mit niedrigen Depressionswerten zu T2. Schlussfolgerung: In der Prävention sollte das Emotionsbewusstsein in Kombination mit Techniken zur Beendigung maladaptiver Trauer-Regulationsstrategien vermittelt werden. Adaptive Strategien zur Bewältigung von Trauer sollten systematisch aufgebaut und eingeübt werden.
Psychological Interventions for Health Anxiety and Somatic	Symptoms
Authors: Maass Ulrike , Kühne Franziska , Maas Jana , Unverdross Maria , Weck Florian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This study examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions for severe health anxiety (SHA) regarding somatic symptoms (SS) and health anxiety (HA). The databases Web of Science, EBSCO, and CENTRAL were searched on May 15, 2019, May 16, 2019, and August 5, 2019, respectively. Eighteen randomized controlled trials ( N = 2,050) met the inclusion criteria (i.e., hypochondriasis, illness anxiety disorder or somatic symptom disorder with elevated HA being assessed with validated interviews; use of standardized outcome measures). Two reviewers independently evaluated the studies’ risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for randomized trials (RoB-2) tool. Overall, psychological interventions were significantly more effective than waitlist, treatment-as-usual, or placebo post-treatment ( gSS = 0.70, gHA = 1.11) and at follow-up ( gSS = 0.33, gHA = 0.70). CBT outperformed other psychological interventions or pharmacotherapy for HA post-treatment (Hedge’s gHA = 0.81). The number of sessions did not significantly predict the effect sizes. In sum, psychological interventions were effective for SHA, but the generalizability of the results for SS is limited, because only two high-quality trials contributed to the comparisons.
Do Women With Severe Persistent Fatigue Present With Fatigue at the	Primary Care Consultation?
Authors: olde Hartman Tim C. , Scheepers Tomas P. , Lucassen Peter , van Boven Kees 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Recent studies have shown underdiagnosis of severe persistent fatigue in primary care. To study how patients with severe persistent fatigue present in primary care and whether they differ from patients with less severe fatigue and patients with no fatigue. A 4-year retrospective database study combined with a questionnaire, including all female patients 25–50 years ( n = 917) who are registered in one primary care group practice. Based on the results of a validated self-administered questionnaire, patients were divided into three groups: patients with severe persistent fatigue ( n = 42), patients with fatigue ( n = 174), and patients with no fatigue ( n = 246). Data on frequency of consulting, reason for encounter, and diagnoses from 2009 to 2013 were obtained from the electronic medical health record. Data were analyzed using odds ratios. Women with severe persistent fatigue more often were unemployed and had lower education. They visited the general practitioners (GP) more often than other women. However, more than half of the women with severe persistent fatigue did not visit their GP with fatigue as reason for encounter at all during the 4 years of study. A minority of the women with severe persistent fatigue received a psychological diagnosis or social diagnosis (36% and 19%, respectively) during these 4 years. Underdiagnosis of severe persistent fatigue is partly a consequence of patients not presenting or reporting this to their GP. The reasons for this behavior are not clear.
The Composition of ~96 keV W+ in Saturn's Magnetosphere
Authors: DiFabio R. D. , Christon S. P. , Hamilton D. C. , Mitchell D. G. , Krimigis S. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnceladus produces plumes of water vapor and ice particles whose gaseous H2O molecules dissociate into OH and O. The gas ejecta form a large toroidal planetary cloud colocated with and partially sourced by a similarly large torus of ice grain ejecta. Gas torus neutrals are ionized by charge exchange, solar ultraviolet, and electron impacts, producing the thermal water group ions, W+ (O+, OH+, H2O+, and H3O+), which become energized in Saturn's magnetosphere. We study the components of energetic (~96 keV) W+ using Cassini Charge‐Energy‐Mass Spectrometer (CHEMS) data from 78 near‐equatorial main ring current passes (dipole L = 7–16, ±10° in latitude) in 2004–2010. W+ fractional abundances are ~53% O+, ~22% OH+, ~22% H2O+, and ~3% H3O+, when averaged over L = 7–16, resulting in a mean water group mass of 16.7 amu. This large energetic O+ fractional abundance, over twice that observed for thermal O+ at L < 10, qualitatively agrees with the broad atomic O cloud observed by Cassini and predicted by some models. Fractional abundance ratios for O+/W+, OH+/W+, and H2O+/W+ vary little over L = 7–21. Our observation of energetic H2O+/W+ ≈ 22% out to L ~ 21 suggests that neutral H2O spreads throughout the magnetosphere rather than being confined to a narrow torus centered on Enceladus' orbit. Although nearly constant at <2% for L > 13, H3O+/W+ tends to increase significantly to ~4–5% at L ~ 7–8.
Stress Perturbation From Aseismic Slip Drives the Seismic Front During Fluid Injection in a Permeable Fault
Authors: Wynants‐Morel Nicolas , Cappa Frédéric , De Barros Louis , Ampuero Jean‐Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFluid pressure changes affect fault stability and can promote the initiation of earthquakes and aseismic slip. However, the relationship between seismic and aseismic fault slip during fluid injection remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate, through 3‐D hydromechanical modeling, the spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity and aseismic slip on a permeable, slip‐weakening fault subjected to a local injection of fluid, under different prestress conditions. The model results in an expanding aseismic slip region, which concentrates shear stress at its edge and triggers seismicity. The aseismic slip dominates the slip budget, whatever the initial fault stress. We find that the seismicity is collocated with the aseismic rupture front rather than with the fluid pressure diffusion front. On faults initially far from failure, the aseismic rupture front is located behind or at the pressure front. On faults initially closer to failure, the model predicts that both the rupture front and the seismicity outpace the pressurized zone, resulting in a sharp increase of the migration velocity and released moment of the seismicity. Insights gained from this modeling study exhibit various features that are observed in sequences of induced earthquakes in both field experiments and natural reservoir systems and can help guide the interpretation of past and future observations of induced seismicity.
High placental inositol content associated with suppressed pro-adipogenic effects of maternal glycaemia in offspring: the GUSTO cohort
Authors: Chu Anne H. Y. , Tint Mya T. , Chang Hsin F. , Wong Gerard , Yuan Wen Lun , Tull Dedreia , Nijagal Brunda , Narayana Vinod K. , Meikle Peter J. , Chang Kenneth T. E. , Lewis Rohan M. , Chi Claudia , Yap Fabian K. P. , Tan Kok Hian , Shek Lynette P. , Chong Yap-Seng , Gluckman Peter D. , Lee Yung Seng , Fortier Marielle V. , Godfrey Keith M. , Eriksson Johan G. , Karnani Neerja , Chan Shiao-Yng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Maternal glycaemia promotes fetal adiposity. Inositol, an insulin sensitizer, has been trialled for gestational diabetes prevention. The placenta has been implicated in how maternal hyperglycaemia generates fetal pathophysiology, but no studies have examined whether placental inositol biology is altered with maternal hyperglycaemia, nor whether such alterations impact fetal physiology. We aimed to investigate whether the effects of maternal glycaemia on offspring birthweight and adiposity at birth differed across placental inositol levels.

Methods
Using longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes cohort, maternal fasting glucose (FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) were obtained in pregnant women by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test around 26 weeks’ gestation. Relative placental inositol was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Primary outcomes were birthweight (n = 884) and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) volumes measured by neonatal MRI scanning in a subset (n = 262) of term singleton pregnancies. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed.

Results
Placental inositol was lower in those with higher 2hPG, no exposure to tobacco smoke antenatally, with vaginal delivery and shorter gestation. Positive associations of FPG with birthweight (adjusted β [95% CI] 164.8 g [109.1, 220.5]) and AAT (17.3 ml [11.9, 22.6] per mmol glucose) were observed, with significant interactions between inositol tertiles and FPG in relation to these outcomes (p < 0.05). Stratification by inositol tertiles showed that each mmol/L increase in FPG was associated with increased birthweight and AAT volume among cases within the lowest (birthweight = 174.2 g [81.2, 267.2], AAT = 21.0 ml [13.1, 28.8]) and middle inositol tertiles (birthweight = 202.0 g [103.8, 300.1], AAT = 19.7 ml [9.7, 29.7]). However, no significant association was found among cases within the highest tertile (birthweight = 81.0 g [−21.2, 183.2], AAT = 0.8 ml [−8.4, 10.0]).

Conclusions
High placental inositol may protect the fetus from the pro-adipogenic effects of maternal glycaemia. Studies are warranted to investigate whether prenatal inositol supplementation can increase placental inositol and reduce fetal adiposity.
Fatigue, quality of life and physical fitness following an exercise intervention in multiple myeloma survivors (MASCOT): an exploratory randomised Phase 2 trial utilising a modified Zelen design
Authors: Koutoukidis Dimitrios A. , Land Joanne , Hackshaw Allan , Heinrich Malgorzata , McCourt Orla , Beeken Rebecca J. , Philpott Stephanie , DeSilva Dunnya , Rismani Ali , Rabin Neil , Popat Rakesh , Kyriakou Charalampia , Papanikolaou Xenofon , Mehta Atul , Paton Bruce , Fisher Abigail , Yong Kwee L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Exercise may improve fatigue in multiple myeloma survivors, but trial evidence is limited, and exercise may be perceived as risky in this older patient group with osteolytic bone destruction.

Methods
In this Phase 2 Zelen trial, multiple myeloma survivors who had completed treatment at least 6 weeks ago, or were on maintenance only, were enrolled in a cohort study and randomly assigned to usual care or a 6-month exercise programme of tailored aerobic and resistance training. Outcome assessors and usual care participants were masked. The primary outcome was the FACIT-F fatigue score with higher scores denoting less fatigue.

Results
During 2014–2016, 131 participants were randomised 3:1 to intervention (n = 89) or usual care (n = 42) to allow for patients declining allocation to the exercise arm. There was no difference between groups in fatigue at 3 months (between-group mean difference: 1.6 [95% CI: −1.1–4.3]) or 6 months (0.3 [95% CI: −2.6–3.1]). Muscle strength improved at 3 months (8.4 kg [95% CI: 0.5–16.3]) and 6 months (10.8 kg [95% CI: 1.2–20.5]). Using per-protocol analysis, cardiovascular fitness improved at 3 months (+1.2 ml/kg/min [95% CI: 0.3–3.7]). In participants with clinical fatigue (n = 17), there was a trend towards less fatigue with exercise over 6 months (6.3 [95% CI: −0.6–13.3]). There were no serious adverse events.

Conclusions
Exercise appeared safe and improved muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness, but benefits in fatigue appeared limited to participants with clinical fatigue at baseline. Future studies should focus on patients with clinical fatigue.

Clinical trial registration
The study was registered with ISRCTN (38480455) and is completed.
Stress-induced TRAILR2 expression overcomes TRAIL resistance in cancer cell spheroids
Authors: Stöhr Daniela , Schmid Jens O. , Beigl Tobias B. , Mack Alexandra , Maichl Daniela S. , Cao Kai , Budai Beate , Fullstone Gavin , Kontermann Roland E. , Mürdter Thomas E. , Tait Stephen W. G. , Hagenlocher Cathrin , Pollak Nadine , Scheurich Peter , Rehm Markus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe influence of 3D microenvironments on apoptosis susceptibility remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the susceptibility of cancer cell spheroids, grown to the size of micrometastases, to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Interestingly, pronounced, spatially coordinated response heterogeneities manifest within spheroidal microenvironments: In spheroids grown from genetically identical cells, TRAIL-resistant subpopulations enclose, and protect TRAIL-hypersensitive cells, thereby increasing overall treatment resistance. TRAIL-resistant layers form at the interface of proliferating and quiescent cells and lack both TRAILR1 and TRAILR2 protein expression. In contrast, oxygen, and nutrient deprivation promote high amounts of TRAILR2 expression in TRAIL-hypersensitive cells in inner spheroid layers. COX-II inhibitor celecoxib further enhanced TRAILR2 expression in spheroids, likely resulting from increased ER stress, and thereby re-sensitized TRAIL-resistant cell layers to treatment. Our analyses explain how TRAIL response heterogeneities manifest within well-defined multicellular environments, and how spatial barriers of TRAIL resistance can be minimized and eliminated.
Reversal of the seasonality of temperature-attributable mortality from respiratory diseases in Spain
Authors: Achebak Hicham , Devolder Daniel , Ingole Vijendra , Ballester Joan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA growing number of epidemiological studies have recently assessed temporal variations in vulnerability and/or mortality attributable to hot and cold temperatures. However, the eventual changes in the seasonal distribution of temperature-attributable mortality remain unexplored. Here, we analyse countrywide daily time-series of temperature and mortality counts from respiratory diseases by sex, age group and province of residence during the period 1980–2016 in Spain. We show the complete reversal of the seasonality of temperature-attributable mortality, with a significant shift of the maximum monthly incidence from winter to summer, and the minimum monthly incidence from early and late summer to winter. The reversal in the seasonal distribution of the attributable deaths is not driven by the observed warming in both winter and summer temperatures, but rather by the very large decrease in the risk of death due to cold temperatures and the relatively much smaller reduction due to hot temperatures. We conclude that the projected decrease in the number of moderate and extreme cold days due to climate warming will not contribute to a further reduction of cold-attributable respiratory deaths.