bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Liver Cancer in Africa: Current and Future Trends
Authors: Okeke Edith , Davwar Pantong Mark , Roberts Lewis , Sartorius Kurt , Spearman Wendy , Malu Abraham , Duguru Mary 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease of global public health significance with mortality on the rise, despite the preventable nature of its risk factors especially in Africa. It is now the sixth most common cancer worldwide, fifth in males, and ninth in females. HCC incidence and mortality are predicted to increase in African countries constrained by limited resources to combat endemic levels of viral infection and synergistic environmental risk factors. The changing nature of HCC etiology is particularly illustrated here with the traditional risk factors like viral hepatitis coexisting alongside high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence and rapidly increasing urbanization that have promoted a sharp increase in additional risk factors like coinfection, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Although there are some differences in etiology between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, risk factors like chronic viral hepatitis B and C, aflatoxin exposure, and iron overload predominate. Aggressive hepatitis B genotypes, combined with hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus/HIV coinfections and aflatoxin exposure, promote a more aggressive molecular phenotype. In parallel to a better understanding of the molecular etiology of HCC, policy and planning initiatives to address the burden of HCC must be anchored within the reality of the limited resources available. Establishment and coordination of cancer registries across Africa is needed to improve the quality of data necessary to galvanize action. Preventive measures including hepatitis B vaccination programs, measures to prevent maternal-to-child and child-to-child transmission, delivery of universally accessible antiretroviral and antiviral treatments, and reduction of dietary aflatoxin exposure can contribute markedly to reduce HCC incidence. Finally, the development of biomarkers and new therapeutic interventions will need a better understanding of the unique genetic and epigenetic characteristics of HCC on the continent. We present a narrative review of HCC in Africa, discussing present and future trends.
ROS-mediated PI3K activation drives mitochondrial transfer from stromal cells to hematopoietic stem cells in response to infection
Authors: Mistry Jayna J. , Marlein Christopher R. , Moore Jamie A. , Hellmich Charlotte , Wojtowicz Edyta E. , Smith James G. W. , Macaulay Iain , Sun Yu , Morfakis Adam , Patterson Angela , Horton Rebecca H. , Divekar Devina , Morris Christopher J. , Haestier Anna , Di Palma Federica , Beraza Naiara , Bowles Kristian M. , Rushworth Stuart A. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
How blood stem cells within the bone marrow respond to infection is still unclear. Here we study if mitochondrial transfer from the stromal cells to blood stem cells is required for the rapid generation of leukocytes which are required for the immune system to respond to bacterial infection. We find that mitochondria are transferred to blood stem cells within 2 h of sensing infection and show that direct contact between stromal cells and blood stem cells is required for mitochondrial transfer to occur. The metabolic changes that follow mitochondrial transfer into hematopoietic stem cells underpin the rapid mammalian response to infection. Finally, we find that, if mitochondrial transfer is blocked, an increase in bacterial colonization in the mammalian system occurs.
Modified embedded-atom method potential for high-temperature crystal-melt properties of Ti–Ni alloys and its application to phase field simulation of solidification
Authors: Kavousi Sepideh , Novak Brian R , Baskes Michael I , Zaeem Mohsen Asle , Moldovan Dorel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We developed new interatomic potentials, based on the second nearest-neighbor modified embedded-atom method (2NN-MEAM) formalism, for Ti, Ni, and the binary Ti–Ni system. These potentials were fit to melting points, latent heats, the binary phase diagrams for the Ti rich and Ni rich regions, and the liquid phase enthalpy of mixing for binary alloys, therefore they are particularly suited for calculations of crystal-melt (CM) interface thermodynamic and transport properties. The accuracy of the potentials for pure Ti and pure Ni were tested against both 0 K and high temperature properties by comparing various properties obtained from experiments or density functional theory calculations including structural properties, elastic constants, point-defect properties, surface energies, temperatures and enthalpies of phase transformations, and diffusivity and viscosity in the liquid phase. The fitted binary potential for Ti–Ni was also tested against various non-fitted properties at 0 K and high temperatures including lattice parameters, formation energies of different intermetallic compounds, and the temperature dependence of liquid density at various concentrations. The CM interfacial free energies obtained from simulations, based on the newly developed Ti–Ni potential, show that the bcc alloys tend to have smaller anisotropy compared with fcc alloys which is consistent with the finding from the previous studies comparing single component bcc and fcc materials. Moreover, the interfacial free energy and its anisotropy for Ti-2 atom% Ni were also used to parameterize a 2D phase field (PF) model utilized in solidification simulations. The PF simulation predictions of microstructure development during solidification are in good agreement with a geometric model for dendrite primary arm spacing.
Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S): an overview
Authors: Gan Wei-Qun , Zhu Cheng , Deng Yuan-Yong , Li Hui , Su Yang , Zhang Hai-Ying , Chen Bo , Zhang Zhe , Wu Jian , Deng Lei , Huang Yu , Yang Jian-Feng , Cui Ji-Jun , Chang Jin , Wang Chi , Wu Ji , Yin Zeng-Shan , Chen Wen , Fang Cheng , Yan Yi-Hua , Lin Jun , Xiong Wei-Ming , Chen Bin , Bao Hai-Chao , Cao Cai-Xia , Bai Yan-Ping , Wang Tao , Chen Bing-Long , Li Xin-Yu , Zhang Ye , Feng Li , Su Jiang-Tao , Li Ying , Chen Wei , Li You-Ping , Su Ying-Na , Wu Hai-Yan , Gu Mei , Huang Lei , Tang Xue-Jun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) is a mission proposed for the 25th solar maximum by the Chinese solar community. The scientific objectives are to study the relationships between the solar magnetic field, solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Three payloads are deployed: the Full-disk vector MagnetoGraph (FMG), the Lyman-α Solar Telescope (LST) and the Hard X-ray Imager (HXI). ASO-S will perform the first simultaneous observations of the photospheric vector magnetic field, non-thermal imaging of solar flares, and the initiation and early propagation of CMEs on a single platform. ASO-S is scheduled to be launched into a 720 km Sun-synchronous orbit in 2022. This paper presents an overview of the mission till the end of Phase-B and the beginning of Phase-C.
The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission — I. Scientific objectives and overview
Authors: Li Hui , Chen Bo , Feng Li , Li Ying , Huang Yu , Li Jing-Wei , Lu Lei , Xue Jian-Chao , Ying Bei-Li , Zhao Jie , Yang Yu-Tong , Gan Wei-Qun , Fang Cheng , Song Ke-Fei , Wang Hong , Guo Quan-Feng , He Ling-Ping , Zhu Bo , Zhu Cheng , Deng Lei , Bao Hai-Chao , Cao Cai-Xia , Yang Zhong-Guang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs one of the payloads for the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) mission, the Lyman-alpha (Lyα) Solar Telescope (LST) is aimed at imaging the Sun and the inner corona up to 2.5R⊙(mean solar radius) in both the Lyα(121.6 nm) and visible wavebands with high temporo-spatial resolution, mainly targeting solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and filaments/prominences. LST observations allow us to trace solar eruptive phenomena from the disk center to the inner corona, to study the relationships between eruptive prominences/filaments, solar flares and CMEs, to explore the dynamical processes and evolution of solar eruptions, to diagnose solar winds, and to derive physical parameters of the solar atmosphere. LST is actually an instrument suite, which consists of a Solar Disk Imager (SDI), a Solar Corona Imager (SCI), aWhite-light Solar Telescope (WST) and two Guide Telescopes (GTs). This is the first paper in a series of LST-related papers. In this paper, we introduce the scientific objectives, present an overview of the LST payload and describe the planned observations. The detailed design and data along with potential diagnostics are described in the second (Paper II) and third (Paper III) papers, respectively, appearing in this issue.
The Lyman-alpha Solar Telescope (LST) for the ASO-S mission – II. design of LST
Authors: Chen Bo , Li Hui , Song Ke-Fei , Guo Quan-Feng , Zhang Pei-Jie , He Ling-Ping , Dai Shuang , Wang Xiao-Dong , Wang Hai-Feng , Liu Chun-Long , Zhang Hong-Ji , Zhang Guang , Wang Yunqi , Liu Shi-Jie , Zhang Hong-Xin , Liu Lei , Mao Shi-Lei , Liu Yang , Peng Jia-Hao , Wang Peng , Sun Liang , Liu Yang , Han Zhen-Wei , Wang Yan-Long , Wu Kun , Ding Guang-Xing , Zhou Peng , Zheng Xin , Xia Ming-Yi , Wu Qing-Wen , Xie Jin-Jiang , Chen Ya , Song Shu-Mei , Wang Hong , Zhu Bo , Chu Chang-Bo , Yang Wen-Gang , Feng Li , Huang Yu , Gan Wei-Qun , Li Ying , Li Jing-Wei , Lu Lei , Xue Jian-Chao , Ying Bei-Li , Sun Ming-Zhe , Zhu Cheng , Bao Wei-Min , Deng Lei , Yin Zeng-Shan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As one of the three payloads for the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) mission, the Lyman-alpha (Lyα) Solar Telescope (LST) is composed of three instruments: a Solar Corona Imager (SCI), a Lyα Solar Disk Imager (SDI) and a full-disk White-light Solar Telescope (WST). When working in-orbit, LST will simultaneously perform high-resolution imaging observations of all regions from the solar disk to the inner corona up to 2.5 R⊙ (R⊙ stands for the mean solar radius) with a spatial resolution of 4.8″ and 1.2″ for coronal and disk observations, respectively, and a temporal resolution of 30 – 120 s and 1 – 120 s for coronal and disk observations, respectively. The maximum exposure time can be up to 20 s due to precise pointing and image stabilization function. Among the three telescopes of LST, SCI is a dual-waveband coronagraph simultaneously and independently observing the inner corona in the HI Lyα (121.6±10 nm) line and white light (WL) (700±40 nm) wavebands by using a narrowband Lyα beam splitter and has a field of view (FOV) from 1.1 to 2.5 R⊙. The stray-light suppression level can attain <10−6 B⊙ (B⊙ is the mean brightness of the solar disk) at 1.1 R⊙ and ≤5×10−8 B⊙ at 2.5 R⊙. SDI and WST are solar disk imagers working in the Lyα line and 360.0 nm wavebands, respectively, which adopt an off-axis two-mirror reflective structure with an FOV up to 1.2 R⊙, covering the inner coronal edge area and relating to coronal imaging. We present the up-to-date design for the LST payload.
The Science Operations and Data Center (SODC) of the ASO-S mission
Authors: Huang Yu , Li Hui , Gan Wei-Qun , Li You-Ping , Su Jiang-Tao , Deng Yuan-Yong , Feng Li , Su Yang , Chen Wei , Lei Shi-Jun , Li Ying , Ge Yun-Yi , Su Ying-Na , Liu Si-Ming , Zang Jing-Jing , Xu Zun-Lei , Bai Xian-Yong , Li Jing-Wei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A ground data analysis center is very important to the success of a mission. We introduce the Science Operations and Data Center (SODC) for the ASO-Smission, which consists of a scientific operation subcenter, a data management subcenter, a data analysis subcenter and a user service subcenter. Themission planning process, instrument observation modes and the data volume are presented. We describe the data flow and processing procedures from spacecraft telemetry to high-level science data, and the long-term archival as well. The data policy and distributions are also briefly introduced.
Smart gas sensor arrays powered by artificial intelligence
Authors: Chen Zhesi , Chen Zhuo , Song Zhilong , Ye Wenhao , Fan Zhiyong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mobile robots behaving as humans should possess multifunctional flexible sensing systems including vision, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. A gas sensor array (GSA), also known as electronic nose, is a possible solution for a robotic olfactory system that can detect and discriminate a wide variety of gas molecules. Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to an electronic nose involves a diverse set of machine learning algorithms which can generate a smell print by analyzing the signal pattern from the GSA. A combination of GSA and AI algorithms can empower intelligent robots with great capabilities in many areas such as environmental monitoring, gas leakage detection, food and beverage production and storage, and especially disease diagnosis through detection of different types and concentrations of target gases with the advantages of portability, low-power-consumption and ease-of-operation. It is exciting to envisage robots equipped with a "nose" acting as family doctor who will guard every family member's health and keep their home safe. In this review, we give a summary of the state-of the-art research progress in the fabrication techniques for GSAs and typical algorithms employed in artificial olfactory systems, exploring their potential applications in disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and explosive detection. We also discuss the key limitations of gas sensor units and their possible solutions. Finally, we present the outlook of GSAs over the horizon of smart homes and cities.
Electrospun flexible sensor
Authors: Liu Qi , Ramakrishna Seeram , Long Yun-Ze 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Flexible sensors have received wide attention because of their ability to adapt to a variety of complex environments. Electrospinning technology has significant advantages in the preparation of flexible sensors. This paper summarizes the progress in the preparation of flexible sensors by electrospinning. Sensors that respond to light, stress, and gas are presented separately. Finally, some directions for electrospinning and flexible sensors are discussed.
Recent advances in lithographic fabrication of micro-/nanostructured polydimethylsiloxanes and their soft electronic applications
Authors: Cho Donghwi , Park Junyong , Kim Taehoon , Jeon Seokwoo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The intensive development of micro-/nanotechnologies offers a new route to construct sophisticated architectures of emerging soft electronics. Among the many classes of stretchable materials, micro-/nanostructured poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has emerged as a vital building block based on its merits of flexibility, stretchability, simple processing, and, more importantly, high degrees of freedom of incorporation with other functional materials, including metals and semiconductors. The artificially designed geometries play important roles in achieving the desired mechanical and electrical performances of devices and thus show great potential for applications in the fields of stretchable displays, sensors and actuators as well as in health-monitoring device platforms. Meanwhile, novel lithographic methods to produce stretchable platforms with superb reliability have recently attracted research interest. The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the progress regarding micro-/nanostructured PDMS and their promising soft electronic applications. This review is concluded with a brief outlook and further research directions.
Preparation and application of carbon nanotubes flexible sensors
Authors: Li Shuo , Feng Xiao , Liu Hao , Wang Kai , Long Yun-Ze , Ramakrishna S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Based on the good extensibility and conductivity, the flexible sensors (FSs) have a wide range of applications in the field of the electrochemical energy storage and variable stress sensors, which causes that the preparation of FSs also become a hot spot of research. Among the materials for preparing the FSs, the flexible carbon matrix composites (FCMCs) have become the widely used material since the good performance in the properties of electrochemistry and mechanics, which could be divided into three types: the carbon nanofibers (CNFs), the carbon nanospheres (CNSs) and the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Compared with CNFs and CNSs, the CNTs wrapped by the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have the advantages of the excellent extensibility and electrochemical stability. Therefore, the CNTs flexible sensor (CFS) could be well used in the field of the FSs. The purpose of this review is summarizing the preparation methods and application fields of CFS and proposing the research direction of CFS in the future. In this paper, two methods for fabricating the CFS have been designed by consulting the methods mentioned in the literature in recent years, and the advantages and disadvantages between the two methods have been explained. The application fields of CFS in recent years are enumerated, and the conclusion that the application fields of CFS are very wide is drawn. At the end of this paper, the review concludes with an overview of key remaining challenges in the application fields of the CFS.
One-pot preparation and applications of self-healing, self-adhesive PAA-PDMS elastomers
Authors: Yao Yujin , Tai Huiling , Wang Dongsheng , Jiang Yadong , Yuan Zhen , Zheng Yonghao 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A new family of transparent, biocompatible, self-adhesive, and self-healing elastomer has been developed by a convenient and efficient one-pot reaction between poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-OH). The condensation reaction between PAA and PDMS-OH has been confirmed by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra. The prepared PAA-PDMS elastomers possess robust mechanical strength and strong adhesiveness to human skin, and they have fast self-healing ability at room temperature (in ~10 s with the efficiency of 98%). Specifically, strain sensors were fabricated by assembling PAA-PDMS as packaging layers and polyetherimide-reduced graphene oxide (PEI-rGO) as strain-sensing layers. The PAA-PDMS/PEI-rGO sensors are stably and reliably responsive to slight physical deformations, and they can be attached onto skin directly to monitor the body’s motions. Meanwhile, strain sensors can self-heal quickly and completely, and they can be reused for the motion detecting after shallowly scratching the surface. This work provides new opportunities to manufacture high performance self-adhesive and self-healing materials.
Modeling of ecosystem dynamics: nonlinearity and synergetics
Authors: Salugin A N , Vlasenko M V , Kulik A K , Pleskachev Yu N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mathematical modeling and computational experiment of the soil-plant systems (SPS) ecology are forming the basis of analysis and prediction scientific paradigm of more complex ecosystems. The dynamics of processes occurring in open biological systems and phenomena occurring in inorganic environments are comparing in this research. The behavior of systems of biotic and abiotic origin has bifurcation points associated with the nonlinear nature of interaction between the external environment and the elements inside, predetermining the synergy of evolution. During the studying SPS using the example of the Black Lands of the Republic of Kalmykia, a mathematical model of multichannel transitions between elements was developed using the Markov process mechanism. The dynamics of the SPS ecotope destruction and recovery was studied in the approximation of homogeneous Markov chains. Stationary final distributions of the comparison of classes derived from matrices with high degrees revealed bifurcation points, the nonlinearity of the succession process. Mathematical modeling gave the lifetime of an intermediate states stable existence. As a result, the methodology for assessing the ecological status of arid ecosystems using Markov chains has been proposed. The analogy with inorganic systems allowed detailing the process of the origin of bifurcation points. Comparison of the dynamics of open systems «living» and «inanimate» nature has led to their synergistic unity. Nonlinear processes in inorganic environment are qualitatively similar to the dynamics of macroscopic systems in ecology.
Damage modelling against non-targeted use of agricultural lands
Authors: Zhichkin K A , Nosov V V , Andreev V I , Kotar O K , Zhichkina L N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents the method for the assessment of the amount of improper use (diversion) of agricultural lands at the regional and municipal district levels. The purpose of the research is to improve the method for the calculation of economic loss caused by the diversion of agricultural lands. As a result of the research three kinds of works were distinguished characterized by a different damage structure and a period of time during which the agricultural lands are being occupied. For each of them a different method to assess the economic loss and the formula for its calculation is suggested. The research results are validated within Samara region.
Natural pastures as the most important feed resources
Authors: Imeskenova E G , Sodboeva S Ch , Namdakova T D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Distant pastures are an important reserve of livestock feed. The object of research is the territory of distant natural pastures of the Tunkinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia. The studies are carried out in accordance with the Guidelines for conducting scientific research on hayfields and pastures. In order to obtain a long-term economic effect in the Republic of Buryatia, it is necessary to observe the basic elements of rational grazing (grazing load, dates of beginning and end of grazing, compliance with optimal coefficients of phytomass disposal, etc.). The rich natural grasslands and sources of water supply significantly improve the taste of livestock products, and thus increase its competitiveness, while reducing feed costs.
Changes in prokaryote communities of southern chernozem under the influence of different farming systems
Authors: Melnichuk T , Andronov E , Abdurashytov S , Egovtseva A , Abdurashytova E , Kameneva I , Radchenko L , Pashtetskiy V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Soil microbiota or microbiocenosis is profoundly influenced by various physical, chemical, and biological environmental factors. Therefore, it serves as a good indicator of soil condition. With the introduction of new farming systems in agriculture, an intensive study and understanding of soil microbial community will make it possible to comprehensively analyze these systems including determining the degree of their impact on agroecosystems. The present study analyzed the structure of prokaryote communities in soil samples collected from the southern chernozem where different agricultural techniques are used, namely conventional, which involves plowing and a new method to the region, i.e., no-till farming. The outcomes were compared with the virgin land. The changes in soil metagenome were analyzed using high productive sequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries. The authors found out that farming systems significantly influenced the changes in communities of prokaryotes of the southern chernozems, thereby creating conditions for the more active development of some groups of microorganisms while limiting others. A relative resistance to the effects of farming systems was noted for the genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus.