bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Castro AMR Simulation Code: Current and Future Developments
Authors: Zingale M. , Almgren A. S. , Sazo M. Barrios , Bell J. B. , Eiden K. , Harpole A. , Katz M. P. , Nonaka A. J. , Willcox D. E. , Zhang W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We describe recent developments to the Castro astrophysics simulation code, focusing on new features that enable our simulations of X-ray bursts. Two highlights of Castro’s ongoing development are the new integration technique to couple hydrodynamics and reactions to high order and GPU offloading. We discuss how these features will help offset some of the computational expense in X-ray burst models.
Height–diameter allometry for the management of city trees in the tropics
Authors: Song Xiao Ping , Lai Hao Ran , Wijedasa Lahiru S , Tan Puay Yok , Edwards Peter J , Richards Daniel R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Trees are important components of urban greenery because of their large stature and longevity, and their ability to enhance the environmental quality of city landscapes. However, benefits and hazards associated with trees depend on their size, which changes over time and varies among species. While urban trees are often measured during routine management, the full value of these data is rarely realised. Our study uses nation-wide inspection records from Singapore to develop allometric models for 54 species grown in the urban tropics (n = 345 794), a region that is poorly represented in allometric literature. We use the height–diameter relationship to demonstrate how analyses of existing datasets can be used to support decisions on tree inspection and maintenance. The accuracy of models developed separately for each species (single-species models) and using the pooled data for all species (mixed-effects model) was compared. Model outputs and derived metrics were used to detect height outliers and priority regions that may require greater inspection effort, which we summarise using spatial visualisations and an online web application. Model parameters also varied according to each species’ pruning intensity and maximum height, and can thus provide a useful heuristic when selecting species to plant. Such data-driven approaches have the potential to support both management and research, though changes to workflows may be needed to take advantage of new sources of data. Integrating multiple datasets into decision-making will require expertise across multiple disciplines, and coordinated action among stakeholders. By sharing the code used to develop the allometric models in a new open-source R package ‘allometree’, we hope to promote reproducibility and facilitate the application of allometric equations to other tree parameters, study regions and management objectives.
Field test of a new type of lightning - dispelling rocket against cumulus electric field
Authors: Yang Weidong , Guan Yiying , Zhang Yang , Yang Fan , Jin Weiping , Yuan Yougen , Jing Xiaolei , Chen Nong , Guan Fushun , Liu Ying , Xiong Feng , Guan Tianyu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Based on the field test of 48 new lightning dissipating rockets launched by cumulonimbus and stratus, we preliminarily draw the following conclusion: the new lightning dissipating rockets can reduce the absolute value of the electric field inside and outside cumulonimbus; The greater the electric field value of cumulonimbus (the stronger the convection), the greater the influence of the new rocket on the electric field, and vice versa. The rocket has little effect on stratospheric electric field. This method can eliminate or reduce the lightning activity, so as to provide effective active lightning defense means for ships at sea, rocket launching and forest areas, and thus effectively reduce the disasters caused by lightning to human beings.
Research on fracture mechanism of blast wall on offshore platform under impulse loading
Authors: Luo Fang , Zhang Shilian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the fracture mechanism of the corrugated blast wall on offshore platform is analyzed and studied. Based on the experimental results of the typical corrugated blast wall, the fracture state is calculated by incremental pressure loading and the ultimate state is analyzed.The cracked joints have been strengthened and the anti-explosion performance compared with the original model. Results show that reasonable strengthening of the weak parts can effectively improve the overall ultimate anti-explosion capability of the corrugated blast wall. This research could be a reference for the design of structure protection.
Combination of ERT and EM methods in the exploration of karst caves and foundation in the Nujiang airport survey of China
Authors: Yue Yunbao , Guo Ziming , Luo Wei , Zhang Gang , Chen Ning 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Due to controls from karst cave, grike fissure zone, tectonic crushed zone and other defects in rock masses, the airfield runway in the karst region is easy to have collapse and leakage failure, thus resulting in runway deformation and buckling. Therefore, it is of important significance to detect rock defects in airfield runway accurately. In this study, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and electromagnetic (EM) were combined to detect stability of karst cave and foundation under the runway of Nujiang airport survey of China. Size, shape and scale of underground karst cave were detected accurately by setting 3 ERT measuring lines. Distribution of karst caves in shallow underground layer was disclosed and validated by drilling data. Electrical structures in deep underground layer were detected by setting 11 EM profiles. Based on 2D EM inversion and 3D modeling, it found that electrical structure in deep underground layers of the runway was dominated by high specific resistance, indicating that there’s relatively complete bed rock mainly composed of limestone. Hence, the foundation showed relatively satisfying overall stability, accompanied with local distribution of low-resistance anomalies which was attributed to crushed mudstone. Research results demonstrated that the combination of ERT and EM is feasible and applicable to detect geological structural stability in karst development and deep positions beneath the runway in karst areas.
Characteristics and risk assessment of debris flow in northeast tibetan plateau
Authors: Jing Hao , Yan Lihua , Li Youtai , Li Jie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Debris flow disasters frequently occur in northeast Tibetan plateau, especially, along section of the G-213 line from Ceke to Mohan highway in Longwu Gorge. This area is prone to debris flow disasters due to its special geological environment. In present study, we investigated the characteristics of 11 typical debris flow gullies and calculated the risk assessment by matter-element extension method. The matter-element model of debris flow hazard assessment was constructed and ten assessment factors were selected to evaluate the debris flow hazard. The results showed that the matter-element extension method was highly accurate for the risk assessment of debris flow gullies, which was in good agreement with the result of expert assessment, This method has obvious superiority, the risk assessment of debris flow gully was based on the grade, corresponding to the maximum of the comprehensive correlation degree.
Probabilistic analysis of tunnel excavation with spatially correlated Young’s modulus
Authors: Lu Anling , Yang Haoqing , Jin Dalong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Understanding the responses of tunnel excavation is essential in urbanization. Tunnel constructions are subject to uncertainties originated from complex geological conditions, including the spatial variability of soil properties. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt probabilistic methods that can analyse the spatial variability of geotechnical parameters in tunnel construction. Previously few studies considered plastic strain of tunnels considering the spatial variability of geotechnical properties. In this study, the effects of the statistics (correlation lengths and Coefficients of Variation (CoV)) of spatially correlated Young’s modulus on horizontal/vertical displacements and maximum plastic strain are studied. The mean and median values of the vertical displacement are insensitive to the correlation lengths, while the standard deviation is positively correlated with the correlation lengths. With the increase of CoV, the distribution of maximum plastic strain becomes dispersed, but the change is no longer significant when the CoV is small.
Inverse identification of gaseous pollutant sources in a mixed ventilation room with downwind scheme-based backward modeling
Authors: Liu Guizhi , Liu Di , Zhang Hongmei , Xu Zhouyun , Dong Xiaozhen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Inverse computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is an effective method to track indoor Pollutant sources. In this paper, heat transfer and instantaneous diffusion of contaminants in the mixed ventilation room have been investigated numerically. On the basis of the numerical simulation of indoor air flows, the reverse time modeling of diffusion-convection contaminant dispersions has been developed with the downwind scheme of the convection term. The program to implement the presented method is written in FORTRAN 90 and applied to the inverse time identification of the pollutant release history and source location. Direct simulation is conducted in the range of, Reynolds number (2×103 ≤ Re ≤ 5×104) and Grashof number (106 ≤ Gr ≤ 9×109). In addition, the streamfunction and heatfunction are expressed streamlines and heatlines respectively. It is shown that the flow structure, heat transfer level and potential will depend on the interactions of external forced flow and thermal buoyancy driven flows. The numerical results indicated the proposed source identification algorithm is effective and robust in indoor environment.
Drivers of energy-related CO2 emissions under structural adjustment in China
Authors: Li Xin , Yang Liyan , Qiang Ye 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Taking the indicators related to structural adjustment from 1996 to 2015 as the factors, the influencing factors of national energy-related CO2 emissions was simulated based on the improved STIRPAT model. The findings include: (1) the five major industries, coal, steel, building materials, petrochemicals and non-ferrous metals, had the most significant positive driving effect on China’s energy-related CO2 emissions; (2) the real estate inventory indicators basically conformed to the Kuznets N-shaped curve, and indirectly drove energy-related CO2 emissions through the impact on the urbanization process or related industries; (3) the driving characteristics of carbon dioxide emissions from energy consumption were mainly determined by the features of socio-economic development, urbanization and industrialization in different stages. Thus, the key to ensure green coordinated development is to correctly handle the relationship between economic growth, urbanization, industrialization and carbon dioxide emission control of energy consumption in different stages of economic and social development.
The structure and sustainability of street srees in Changzhou, China
Authors: Wang Xinjun , Zhang Zhihong , Gao Jiaoyu , Cheng Jie , Dong Chao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Street trees provide essential ecosystem services and are important to local residents’ life, but there has not been much research on the structure of street trees in the city of Changzhou, China. This research surveys the structure of street trees in Changzhou with the aid of geospatial technologies and field sampling surveys. An investigation of the street trees on the 220 sampled transects of streets across the four districts of Changzhou reveals prominent problems with the species diversity, distribution, age structure, and density. Though street tree density in the city is approximately 177/Km, higher than many other cities in the world, with only 29 street tree species in 19 families and 27 genera, the diversity is lower. Among the tree species, only a limited few are planted widely. Young trees account for 43.2% of the total tree population, while large old trees decrease in number. Close spacing between trees, caused by unreasonably high density, results in enormous government expenses on pruning. These findings highlight the need for careful selection of appropriate tree species on the part of municipal administrators and planners. Suggestions are given on how to achieve a sustainable structure of street trees in Changzhou in the long run. Both the problems found and the corresponding suggestions are of referential meaning to the street tree development of other cities in China.
PM2.5 concentration prediction based on pseudo-F statistic feature selection algorithm and support vector regression
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Liang Shengnan , Yu Quan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Effective monitoring and prediction of PM2.5 concentration is of great practical significance to People’s Daily life and social development. In order to facilitate accurate prediction of the average daily concentration of PM2.5, a Feature Selection Algorithm Based on Pseudo F Statistic (FSPF) was proposed in this paper, and a PM2.5 concentration prediction model was combined with support vector regression. When constructing the model, all features are not selected into the model, and the pseudo-F statistic featu re selection algorithm is used to obtain more important feature variables related to PM2.5 concentration. On this basis, support vector regression based on different kernel functions is used to predict PM2.5 concentration. Through real data analysis, the hyperbolic tangent kernel support vector regression model (FSPF-SVR) selected by pseudo-F statistics features has the highest prediction accuracy when predicting the average PM2.5 concentration of Beijing in November and December 2017, with mean square errors of 1.441⋅10−3mg2/m6 and 1.307⋅10−3mg2/m6 respectively, which is better than the all-variable prediction model. At the same time, it is also better than random forest, weighted K nearest neighbor, Bagging regression, artificial neural network and other current mainstream machine learning regression prediction algorithms.
Spatio-temporal characteristics of land cover changes of Liangjiang new destrict in China during 2010-2018
Authors: Wang Xiaopan , Wang Chaolei , Wang Bing , Zhang Bin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Based on WorldView-2 remote sensing images and other survey materials, we analysis the spatio-temporal characteristics of land cover change in Liangjiang New District during 2010 to 2018. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Land cover pattern changed dramatically, with the built-up increase, while the crop land, forest and grass land decrease. 2) Change in land cover types showed marked fluctuations over the three stages (2010-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018). Districts with the most obvious change of CL and FGS concentrated in the East and north of the Liangjiang New District. 3) There were significant differences in the intensity of land use dynamic degree change among different regions. The relative change land use dynamic degree of Lijia Street is the biggest, followed by Yuelai Street, Fusheng Town and Longxing Town.
Passive detection of carbon dioxide in the high temperature cement-kiln by FTIR
Authors: Gao Qiankun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Passive sensing by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry allows detection and quantification of gas. In this work, the infrared radiation signal of the carbon dioxide in the cement-kiln was measured by FTIR. A new radiative transfer model was built to calculate transmittance from measured spectrum of the carbon dioxide in the cement-kiln. Based on the HITRAN database, the nonlinear least square fitting method was used to calculate the concentration of the carbon dioxide(CO2) from transmittance. The results show that this method of measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide and other gas in the high temperature cement-kiln is feasible and reliable. And this method is also applicable to the measurement of other gases, such as carbon monoxide(CO), sulfur dioxide(SO2), etc.
An improved semi-global matching method with optimized matching aggregation constraint
Authors: Huang Xu , Han Yilong , Hu Kun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Stereo dense image matching (DIM) is a key technique in generating dense 3D point clouds at low cost, among which semi-global matching (SGM) is one of the best compromise between the matching accuracy and the time cost. Most commercial or open-source DIM software packages therefore adopt SGM as the core algorithm for the 3D point generation, which computes matching results in 2D image space by simply aggregating the matching results of multi-directional 1D paths. However, such aggregations of SGM did not consider the disparity consistency between adjacent pixels in 2D image space, which will finally decrease the matching accuracy. To achieve higher-accuracy while keep the high time efficiency of SGM, this paper proposes an improved SGM with a novel matching aggregation optimization constraint. The core algorithm formulates the matching aggregation as the optimization of a global energy function, and a local solution of the energy function is utilized to impose the disparity consistency between adjacent pixels, which is capable of removing noises in the matching aggregation results and increasing the final matching accuracy at low time cost. Experiments on aerial image dataset show that the proposed method outperformed the traditional SGM method and another improved SGM method. Compared with the traditional SGM, our proposed method can increase the average matching accuracy by at most 11%. Therefore, our proposed method can applied in some smart 3D applications, e.g. 3D change detection, city-scale reconstruction, and global survey mapping.
Comparison of UAV-based multispectral sensors for detection of Solenopsis invicta Nests
Authors: Song Yuejun , Chen Feng , Liao Kaitao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The invasive red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) has been continuing to expand its range in China, resulting in adverse ecological impacts to where it has invaded. As such, the reliable detection of Solenopsis invicta Buren nests is needed to effectively manage the species. In this paper, the spectral features of the Solenopsis invicta Buren nests were demonstrated using spectra samples obtained by ASD FieldSpec 4 during field surveys in Shanggao County, Jiangxi Province. Furthermore, channel reflectance estimations for three unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral sensors were simulated correspondingly. Based on the channel reflectance from individual sensors, the detection of the Solenopsis invicta Buren nests was investigated. Generally, between-class differences in reflectance were relatively significant in both Green channel and Red channel, which suggests the importance of these two channels for the detection of Solenopsis invicta Buren nest. Minor between-sensor differences observed in both Green channel and Red channel suggest that detection results obtained from UAV-based multispectral observations could be comparable among the three sensors, considering only the spectral features. There are significant differences in reflectance between the soil of Solenopsis invicta Buren nests and ordinary soil over the longwave region of near infrared (NIR). It suggests the spectral measurement over the longwave region of NIR could be more useful in distinguishing the soil of Solenopsis invicta Buren nests from ordinary soil. Nevertheless, the multispectral sensors provided with channels covering visible and the shortwave region of NIR, possibly do not meet requirements completely for application. An effective method for detecting Solenopsis invicta Buren nests using UAV-based multispectral sensors is currently being evaluated.
Prediction of energy demand from China’s transportation sector: an empirical analysis from the perspective of the energy revolution
Authors: Fang Hai , Feng Zhenhua , Liu Fang , Cao Zilong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The study re-defined the divisions of energy consumption in China transportation. By using the long-range energy alternatives planning system (LEAP), the analysis model for energy demand from China’s transportation sector is established. Five scenarios applicable to 2030 are set, involving a reference scenario, structural optimisation, technological advance, management improvement, and energy-use reform. The results show that the energy consumed by the transportation is limited to about 7 × 108 tons by 2030. Meanwhile, powerful polices and measures must be taken to guarantee that the inflection point of energy consumption appears in about 2045 with an energy consumption of about 8 × 108 tons. Structural optimisation is a key measure necessary to decrease total energy consumption before 2040, while technological advances will become a key approach in promoting the energy consumption revolution in the transportation after 2030. Strengthening urban spatial design and management can effectively reduce energy consumption.
The regulation of three gorges dam on lake Poyang: an assessment of the lake water level change during the dry season
Authors: Fan Hongxia , Wang Zhihuan , Wang Jianzhong , Chen Huai , Zhu Lijun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With a combination of field data analysis and numerical simulation on 2D river-lake hydrodynamics, this study focuses on the water level change in Lake Poyang regulated by the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) during the dry season. Based on the long-term measured water level series (1956-2012), after the completion of TGD, the dry season in Lake Poyang is promoted to start early, and its duration is extended. With the regulation of TGD during the impoundment period, more outflow from Lake Poyang pours into the Yangtze River, leading to the decrement of lake water level and an earlier occurrence (about 4-5 days forward) of the dry season. Besides, with the regulation of TGD during the flushing period, the water level in Lake Poyang is elevated, making a relief to the lake drought during the dry season.
The whole process test and analysis of flue gas SO3 in coal-fired power plant under variable load conditions
Authors: Hong Zhigang , Huang Quankai , Chen Wei , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Under the current situation of ultra-low emission, it is of great significance to study the formation and removal of SO3 in various equipments of coal-fired power plants. At present, most researches on SO3 in coal-fired power plant focus on the influence of single equipment on flue gas SO3 under a certain load condition. In this research, a 300MW generating unit is tested under variable load conditions to explore the variation law of SO3 in various equipments under variable load conditions. The results show that SO3 is mainly generated in the boiler furnace and SCR denitrification device, and the total removal rate of SO3 is 84.6%. However, the removal efficiency of SO3 in electrostatic precipitators and the wet desulfurization systems shows great differences. Under full load condition, the removal rate of SO3 is 46.8% - 69.8%. When the load changes, the SO3 removal rate changes with the change of load, and the ESP is affected by the load most. The SO3 content in the ash increases from 11.267mg/g under 50% load to 14.763mg/g under 100% load, and such changes are mainly determined by flue gas temperature and flue gas flow.