bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a Systematic Review of Outcome Measurement Tools for Autologous fat Grafting of the Facial Region
Authors: Speiser Sophie , Almadori Aurora , Langridge Benjamin J. , Butler Peter EM 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAutologous fat grafting has become an established therapeutic entity in several regions of the body. Especially in the facial region, AFG has been widely applied in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Indications include reconstructive purposes such as primary genetic disorders in maxillofacial development, or secondary asymmetries following primary reconstructive surgery. In addition, AFG has found several applications in the field of aesthetic surgery, such as skin rejuvenation. In addition to conventional AFG, recently several alternative strategies of grafting have been developed. Examples for these are transplantation of a graft including adipose derived stem cells (ADSC’s), cell-assisted lipofilling (CAL), and grafting with stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Until today, there is no common consensus on how to measure a successful outcome of autologous graft transplantation in the facial region. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate the current available outcome measurement methods, and compare them with regards to accuracy, cost-effectiveness, safety and validation in the clinical setting. The quality of evidence of included publications will be assessed using the GRADE strategy.MethodsA comprehensive, structured literature search of published articles will be conducted. This is designed by authors and performed in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA-P). The literature search will be performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library, including publications from inception to May 2020. Two independent authors will conduct the search, screen the articles, and complete data collection. The main outcome will be which methods are currently used to determine a successful fat grafting procedure in the face. We propose to review the current methods used to establish their overall performance in several domains. In addition, patients measured via the 3D volumetric photography method will be further analysed with regards to accuracy of the camera and retention of fat per method and ml injected.Discussion Autologous fat grafting in the facial region has gained significant attention in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery in the past decades. In light of the growing public interest in this topic, a systematic review of the outcome measurement tools is of essence. We will critically evaluate all approaches currently in practice and give a recommendation regarding several aspects of use. A common approach to measurement and reporting of results fosters an environment of high-standard healthcare delivery and promotes future research and informed clinical practice. In addition, we will further analyse the outcomes of different grafting methods using 3D volumetric photography as measurement tool. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020213407
Chronic Viral Hepatitis Do Not Affect 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease-Related Outcomes: An Observational Retrospective Study.
Authors: Turco Elena Rosselli Del , Guardigni Viola , Galli Silvia , Scolz Kristian , Re Maria Carla , Viale Pierluigi , Verucchi Gabriella 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To date, data about prevalence and clinical impact of viral hepatitis in COVID-19 are scarce and conflicting.METHODS: We conducted an observational, retrospective study including all subjects tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from March to May 2020. We evaluated prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis and we performed a matched cohort analysis of patients with and without chronic viral hepatitis comparing COVID-related outcomes.RESULTS: 980 subjects resulted positive to SARS-CoV-2 on oropharyngeal swabs. Among them 12 (1,2%) were HBsAg positive and 6 (0,6%) had detectable HCV RNA. No one was receiving antiviral therapy. None of these had a documented liver cirrhosis.We identified 80 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals with negative viral markers for HBV and HCV for the matched analysis. No statistical differences in hospitalization, need for MV and mortality rates (p 0.79, p 0.28 and p 0.8, respectively) were found. Although not statistically significant (p 0.12), a higher rate of those positive for viral hepatitis were admitted to ICU (29% Vs 15%). Median time of virus clearance was 27.5 (IQR 20,38) days, with no difference between the two groups (p 0.39, 95% CI (-12;4.8)). We found older age and male sex as factors associated with worse outcomes.CONCLUSION: Our analysis documented similar rates of chronic viral hepatitis among subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection and general population. Furthermore, in our population, pre-existing viral liver infection did not have any impact on the clinical and virological course of COVID-19.
Cholera Outbreak Caused by Drinking Unprotected Well Water Contaminated with Feces from an Open Storm Water Drainage — Kampala City, Uganda, January 2019
Authors: Eurien Daniel , Mirembe Bernadette Basuta , Musewa Angella , Kisaakye Esther , Kwesiga Benon , Ogole Francis , Ayen Daniel Okello , Kadobera Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Ario Alex Riolexus , Zhu Bao-Ping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Kampala city slums, with one million dwellers living in poor sanitary conditions, frequently experience cholera outbreaks. On 6 January 2019, Lubaga Division notified the Uganda Ministry of Health of a suspected cholera outbreak in Sembule village. We investigated to identify the source and mode of transmission, and recommend evidence-based interventions.Methods: We defined a suspected case as onset of profuse, painless, acute watery diarrhoea in a Kampala City resident (≥2 years) from 28 December 2018 to 11 February 2019. A confirmed case was a suspected case with Vibrio cholerae identified from the patient’s stool specimen by culture or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). We found cases by record review and active community case-finding. We conducted a case-control study in Sembule village, the epi-center of this outbreak, to compare exposures between confirmed case-persons and asymptomatic controls, individually matched by age group. We overlaid rainfall data with the epidemic curve to identify temporal patterns between rain and illnesses. We conducted an environmental assessment, interviewed village local council members, and tested water samples from randomly-selected households and water sources using culture and PCR to identify V. cholerae.Results: We identified 50 suspected case-patients, with three deaths (case-fatality rate: 6.0%). Of 45 case-patients with stool samples tested, 22 were confirmed positive for V. cholerae O1, serotype Ogawa. All age groups were affected; persons aged 5-14 years had the highest attack rate (AR) (8.2/100,000). The epidemic curve showed several point-source outbreaks; cases repeatedly spiked immediately following rainfall. Sembule village had a token-operated water tap, which had broken down one month before the outbreak, forcing residents to obtain water from one of three wells (Wells A, B, C) or a public tap. Environmental assessment showed that residents emptied their feces into a drainage channel connected to Well C. Drinking water from Well C was associated with illness (ORM-H=21, 95% CI: 4.6–93). Drinking water from a public tap (ORM-H=0.33, 95% CI: 0.13–0.86) and drinking boiled water (ORM-H=0.15, 95% CI: 0.036-0.59) were protective. Water from a container in one of eight households sampled tested positive for V. cholerae; water from Well C had coliform counts ˃900/100ml.Conclusions: Drinking contaminated water from an unprotected well was associated with this cholera outbreak. We recommended emergency chlorination of drinking water, fixing the broken token tap, and closure of Well C.
Factors Related to Malondialdehyde (MDA) Levels in Metal Casting Industry Workers
Authors: Suwondo Ari , Mohan Ahmad , Widyawati Melyana Nurul , Mardiyono Mardiyono 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMDA, as a sign of oxidative stress, was increasing as a factor that changes the toxicity of responses in the workplace and causes male infertility etiology. This study aims to measure the MDA levels of workers in the casting industry metal.MethodsThis type of research was analytical explanatory research with a cross-sectional design. This study's variables include the variables taken are MDA levels while the independent variables were age, years of service, type of work, BMI, marital status, and smoking habits. A saturated sampling technique took the research sample of 34 workers. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate methods.ResultsThe results determined that respondents had MDA hormone levels below the average of 24 or 70.6%, while respondents who had MDA levels above an average of 10 or 29.4%.ConclusionsMDA levels relating to the length of work and marital status, while the type of work, BMI, and smoking habits are not associated with MDA levels in metal casting industry workers in the CV. Bonjor Jaya Klaten.First part title: Text for this section: expose, age, MDA, Metal Castin.The study was conducted in accordance with Ethical Clearance No: 264/EC/FKM/2017.
Survival Status and Its Predictors Among Adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients Attending Their Antiretroviral Treatment at Health Centers in Kirkos Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Amha Selam Tesfayohannes , Moges Sisay , Shine Sisay , Dagnaw Abinet 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBurden of HIV/AIDS is high in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. In resource-poor countries like Ethiopia, the survival of patients with AIDS treated with ART depends on a variety of factors, which may also vary greatly with economic, demographic, behavioral risk, and health factors. Unlike other previous studies, this study was done at health centers since some of the clinical factors may differently affect the survival of the patients under ART. ObjectivesThe main aim of this study is to estimate the mortality rate and survival predictors among adult HIV infected patients under ART at health centers in Kirkos sub city.MethodA retrospective cohort study was conducted at the health centers found in Kirkos sub-city, Addis Ababa. All adult HIV positive patients under follow-up between Dec. 1, 2014, and Oct. 30, 2019 were the source population. A total of 665 samples were taken using the lottery method. Data were extracted from the patient card and electronic database by trained data collectors. Kaplan-Meier and Cox-proportional hazard regressions were used. Resulta total of 55(8.5%) of death has occurred with the incidence death of 3.25/100 person-years. Majority of deaths occurring within 6 months of ART initiation. Predictors mortality were patients with age category above 50 years (AHR = 4.90, 95% CI: 2.00, 11.98), TB comorbidity (AHR= 3.46, 95% CI: 1.52,7.91), WHO stage IV (AHR = 4.55,95% CI: 1.72,12.02), lack of dug adherence (AHR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.33), co-trimoxazole therapy (AHR=2.56, 95% CI: 1.25,5.24),BMI of less than 18.5 (AHR= 2.59, 95% CI: 1.37,4.90) and CD4 cell count, below 200/dl (AHR =22.77, 95% CI: 1.30,5.92).ConclusionThe majority of deaths occurring within six months of ART initiation. Factors directly or indirectly affects immunity were associated with poor survival. Prevention of TB infection, enhancing feeding and early screening of nutritional status of patients’ needs great attention.
Reasons for Missed Visits and Influence of Phone Call Reminders on Retention of HIV-Infected and Uninfected Children Followed in Cameroon: The ANRS-PEDIACAM Cohort
Authors: SEPTOH Francis Jaudel YUYA , Tchatchueng Jules Brice , Ndongo Francis Ateba , Penda Ida Calixte , Guemkam Georgette , Tetang Suzie , Gweha Derboise , Bense Angèle , Moukoko Astrid , Sofeu Casimir Ledoux , Faye Albert , Warszawski Josiane , Tejiokem Mathurin Cyrille 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAs many longitudinal studies, follow-up in the ANRS-PEDIACAM study is disrupted by repeated absences of participants to scheduled visits. This lead to missing data which influence the quality of results. We describe reasons for participants absence or non-compliance (NC) and assess the influence of phone call reminders (CR) on retention in care.MethodsFrom November 2007 to 2011, 611 infants divided in three groups were included and followed in three referral hospital in Cameroon: HIV-infected children followed from the first week of life or not but diagnosed before seven month of life (n=210), HIV-uninfected children born to HIV-infected (HEU) (n=205) mothers or not (HUU) (n=196). From 2014 to 2017, CR were reinforced to record reasons of missing visits. we used frequency, chi-square or Fisher test for categorical variables; means, median (IQR) and non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test for continuous variables. A multistate transition modelling approach was used to analyse the retention care cascade. The R software was used to perform all statistical analysis.ResultsDuring the study period, 45.1% (246/546) of children were NC at least once of ​​which 16.3% (25/153), 58% (116/200), 54.4% (105/193) respectively among HIV-infected, HEU and HUU-children. Among NC, 69.5% (171/246) has been reachable at least once and 22.2% (38/171) of them returned to follow-up after a median delay of 32 days (IQR: [2.0 – 110]); 44.4% (109/246) were not seen throughout the study period (HIV-infected: 12/153, HEU-children: 57/200, HUU-children: 40/193). A total of 276 reasons have been reported among 54%(115/213) of the NC, mainly related to delocalisation (30.4%), lack of time (23.6%), wish to stop follow-up (11.6%), travelling (9.8%), schooling (9.4%), forgetting (7.2%). Comparing before and after period, CR allowed to divided by three adjusted relative risk ratio to miss one clinical visit (RRR [CI]: 0.35[0.24 – 0.52]), However CR effect was not significant among children who are non-compliant.ConclusionOur finding suggest that maternal HIV and socio-economic status are related to attendance of children in HIV care. Also, the CR are an effective strategy to improve attendance. However, to make this strategy effective for children who are non-compliant, it needs to be strengthened by community monitoring.
Distributed Energy Systems and Energy Communities Under Negotiation
Authors: Palm Jenny , Kojonsaari Anna-Riikka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNew decentralized energy-generation technologies have turned economies of scale upside down while becoming more economically viable. The increased penetration of information technologies has led to new opportunities to manage infrastructure in a less hierarchical, more flexible way. Together with citizen demands for control over energy, this has put energy communities (ECs) on the agenda, potentially advancing the transition towards more sustainable energy systems, despite hindrances encountered on the way.This paper presents a case from Sweden, using participatory observations and interviews conducted during the planning of a sustainable city district built around sharing. We examined the discussions between stakeholders concerning smart energy systems and the establishment of a microgrid.ResultsWe found that the discussions of the microgrid comprised two parallel discourses, coexisting but seldomly explicitly confronted. The distribution system operator in the area promoted its solutions, while the property developers opted for a microgrid organized more as an EC. We discuss why the EC proponents apparently lost the battle in this smart grid case.ConclusionsThis paper described the energy planning process in a case study in Sweden, where two different models for building an electric microgrid can be identified: distributed energy systems and energy community perspectives. We suggest that these perspectives have different values. We conclude that interest in microgrids could shift the transition pathway towards a more decentralized system involving a variety of owners.
WITHDRAWN: First Case of Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate with MAP3K1 Homozygous Deletion: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shojo Kazunori , Kosaka Takeo , Nakamura Kohei , Hongo Hiroshi , Mikami Shuji , Nishihara Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate is a rare prostate cancer variant and associated with higher stage and greater risk of recurrence and mortality. Optimal systemic therapy for metastatic ductal adenocarcinoma is not known. Many case reports are needed for further understanding of clinical and molecular features about it. Herein we report the first case of a man who was diagnosed with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAP3K1, MEKK1) homozygous deletion.Case Presentation: A 67-year-old man presented with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate accompanied by multiple lung metastases and advanced bone metastases. We performed channel transurethral resection of the prostate and confirmed the diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate. DNA sequencing identified a TP53 somatic point mutation (p.Gly245Ser) as the pathogenic variant. Furthermore, a homozygous deletion was observed in MAP3K1 (MEKK1). The patient received enzalutamide but deceased five months after presenting to our institution.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate with a MAP3K1 homozygous deletion. Accumulation of whole-exome sequencing data is expected to inform future advances in therapy development.
Prone Positioning of Non-intubated Patients with COVID-19 - A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: REDDY Mallikarjuna Reddy PONNAPA , SUBRAMANIAM Ashwin , LIM Zheng Jie , ZUBAREV Alexandr , AFROZ Afsana , BILLAH Baki , BLECHER Gabriel , TIRUVOIPATI Ravindranath , RAMANATHAN Kollengode , WONG Suei Nee , BRODIE Daniel , FAN Eddy , SHEKAR Kiran 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Several studies have reported adopting prone positioning (PP) in non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related hypoxaemic respiratory failure. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of PP on oxygenation and clinical outcomes.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and the COVID-19 living systematic review from December 1, 2019 to July 23, 2020. We included studies that reported using PP in hypoxaemic, non-intubated adult patients with COVID-19. Primary outcome measureed was the weighted mean difference (MD) in oxygenation parameters (PaO2/FiO2, PaO2 or SpO2) pre and post-PP. Results: Fifteen single arm observational studies reporting PP in 449 patients were included. Substantial heterogeneity was noted in terms of, location within hospital where PP was instituted, respiratory supports during PP, and frequency and duration of PP. Significant improvement in oxygenation was reported post-PP: PaO2/FiO2 (MD 37.6, 95% CI 18.8-56.5); PaO2 (MD 30.4 mmHg, 95% CI 10.9 to 49.9); and SpO2 (MD 5.8%, 95% CI 3.7 to 7.9). Patients with a pre-PP PaO2/FiO2 ≤150 experienced greater oxygenation improvements compared with those with a pre-PP PaO2/FiO2 >150 (MD 40.5, 95% CI -3.5 to 84.6) vs. 37, 95% CI 17.1 to 56.9). Respiratory rate decreased post-PP (MD -2.9, 95% CI -5.4 to -0.4). Overall intubation and mortality rates were 21% (90/426) and 26% (101/390) respectively. There were no major adverse events reported. Conclusions: Despite the significant variability in frequency and duration of PP and respiratory supports applied, PP was associated with improvements in oxygenation parameters without any reported serious adverse events. The results are limited by lack of control arm and adjustment for confounders. Clinical trials are required to determine the effect of awake PP on patient-centred outcomes.Systematic review registration: Registration/protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42020194080).
Early Effects of Unfractionated Heparin on Clinical and Radiological Signs and D-dimer Levels in Patients With COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Embolism: an Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Wal Lea Imeen van der 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary embolism is a frequent complication in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of COVID-associated activation of coagulation is not fully understood and appears to be different from disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in patients with sepsis. As the pathophysiology of coagulation in COVID-patients is unknown, it is uncertain whether unfractionated heparin (UFH), or anticoagulation in general, is effective in the attenuation of the procoagulant state. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of intravenous unfractionated heparin on clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters in patients with COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study in 19 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with COVID-19 and computed tomography (CT) scanning proven pulmonary embolism. According to the local protocol, repeated CT-scanning was indicated if no pulmonary improvement was present after a minimum of 7 days following start of anticoagulant treatment. We defined three endpoints: Laboratory markers (d-dimer at day 0 vs day 2), clinical success (resolution of PE at follow up CT scan or discharged alive from ICU) and radiological response (Qanadli index at follow up CT scan vs CT scan at diagnosis PE). Statistical tests used for analysis were a T-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test.Results: Unfractionated heparin resulted in clinical success in at least 14 out of 19 patients. Pulmonary emboli were completely resolved on the follow up computed tomography scans in 5 out of 6 patients and partly resolved in the 6th patient. D-dimer levels decreased on average from 7074 ng/mL to 4347 ng/mL (p=0.001) within 48 hours after start of heparin. Conclusion: In this observational study, we showed a rapid clinical, laboratory and radiological improvement in patients with COVID-19 and proven pulmonary embolism. Standard anticoagulant treatment was effective in this setting, supporting current guideline recommendations.