bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prescription Patterns and Risk Factors for Prolonged Opioid Dependence in Elective Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Military Population
Authors: Anderson Ashley B. , Balazs George C. , Brooks Daniel I. , Potter Benjamin K. , Forsberg Jonathan A. , Dickens Jonathan F. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Limited data are available regarding excessive opioid prescribing in the perioperative period after routine orthopaedic procedures in US military personnel. Purpose: To examine the demographic profile of the patients receiving these medications and to identify potential risk factors for prolonged opioid use after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in the active duty military population. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The Military Analysis and Reporting Tool (M2) was used to search the Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) for patients undergoing ACLR from 2012 through 2015 and specifically for active duty personnel with an arthroscopically assisted ACLR (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] code 29888). Complete opioid prescription filling history was also obtained. This study had 2 primary outcomes: (1) use of opiate analgesics more than 90 days after surgery, representing prolonged opiate prescriptions, and (2) high levels of postoperative opiate use, defined as having filled prescriptions accounting for greater than the 95th percentile of morphine equivalents for patients in the study cohort. Data were analyzed via multivariate regression analysis to identify potential associations with the primary outcomes. Results: A total of 9474 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median patient age was 27 years, and the sample included 1316 (14%) female and 8158 (86%) male patients. A total of 66 (0.7%) patients had a preoperative diagnosis for substance abuse; 2656 (28%) patients continued to receive opioid prescriptions more than 90 days after surgery, and 502 (5%) patients were in the top 95th percentile of all opioid users within the study cohort. Total preoperative morphine equivalents per day and total perioperative morphine equivalents per day were highly important risk factors for both outcomes, although other demographic factors such as race, sex, and age may play minor roles. Conclusion: We identified total preoperative morphine equivalents, total perioperative morphine equivalents, sex, and race as potential predictors of prolonged opioid use after ACLR. This information may prove useful in developing a predictive model to identify at-risk patients before surgery. This could help mitigate future misuse or abuse and improve preoperative patient counseling regarding pain management expectations.
Health Professions Students’ Assessment of an Interprofessional Rural Public Health-Focused Rotation: A Pilot Study Based on the Community-Oriented Primary Care Approach
Authors: Johansson Patrik , Nickol Devin , Maloney Shannon , Grimm Brandon , Tibbits Melissa , Siahpush Mohammad , De Alba Rosales Armando , Lyden Elizabeth , Schneider Caitlin , Gofin Jaime 
Published: June 2020

Using a community-oriented primary care (COPC) approach, the format for this interprofessional rural rotation was a public health focused team project based in a local health department and primary care setting. The target audience included fourth-year dental students, fourth-year undergraduate students in imaging science, second-year master of public health students, third-year medical students enrolled in the MD/MPH program, second-year nurse practitioner students, fourth-year pharmacy students, second-year MSN nursing students, and first-year PhD students. The specific learning objectives of the curriculum were drawn from emphasis areas of the Interprofessional Education Collaborative’s competency domains and included the development of students’ knowledge to function as a member of an interprofessional team to (1) engage diverse health care professionals, (2) communicate with team members to clarify each member’s responsibility in executing components of a public health intervention, (3) choose effective communication tools and techniques, (4) integrate knowledge and experience of other professions, and (5) engage themselves and others to constructively manage disagreements. Additional learning objectives centered on 10 competencies from the Master’s Degree in Public Health Core Competency Project. Assessment of 13 student participants, as a group, showed increased perceived knowledge in 4 out of 5 selected interprofessional emphasis areas and 9 out of 10 public health competencies. Our curriculum provides promising evidence for one interprofessional rural education model with proven short-term effectiveness among six health professions disciplines, in increasing student knowledge in interprofessional emphasis areas and public health competencies.
Learning to Speak Up for Patient Safety: Interprofessional Scenarios for Training Future Healthcare Professionals
Authors: McCoy Lise , Lewis Joy H , Simon Harvey , Sackett Denise , Dajani Tala , Morgan Christine , Hunt Aaron 
Published: June 2020

Background: Preventable medical errors represent a leading cause of death in the United States. Effective undergraduate medical education (UME) strategies are needed to train medical students in error prevention, early identification of potential errors, and proactive communication. To address this need, a team of faculty from A.T. Still University’s School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona developed four digital patient safety case scenarios for second-year medical students. These scenarios were designed to integrate interprofessional collaboration and patient safety principles, increase student ability to identify potential errors, and promote proactive communication skills. Methods: Faculty used Qualtrics to create four digital case scenarios on patient safety covering the following domains: communicating about potential drug-to-drug interactions; effective handoffs; human factors errors, such as fatigue, illness, and stress; and conflicts with supervising resident. In fall 2018, 97 second-year medical students completed the entire safety module in dyad or triad teams. As they worked through each case study, student teams completed 11 assessment questions with instant feedback, and participated in short case debrief discussions. Next, each individual student took a 12-question post-test to assess learning. Descriptive statistics were reviewed for the assessment questions, and case critical thinking discussion answers were reviewed to evaluate student comprehension. Results: The mean score for the module was 95.5% (SD= 6.36%, range = 75%-100%). Seventy-eight students completed the post-test, which had a mean score of 96.5% (SD = 6.51%, range = 66.7%-100%). Student written responses to the four case critical thinking discussion prompts indicated a high level of comprehension. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that digital case studies can provide an innovative mechanism to introduce key patient safety concepts and experiential practice of interprofessional communication in early UME. Our design and implementation of these engaging interprofessional patient safety training modules provided an opportunity for students to learn key communication and safety concepts in small teams. This training method was cost-effective and could be replicated in other online learning or blended learning environments for a wide range of health professions.
The Long‐term Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Injection to Treat Retrograde Cricopharyngeus Dysfunction
Authors: Hoesli Rebecca C. , Wingo Melissa L. , Bastian Robert W. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo report the percentage of patients with symptom relief 6 or more months after botulinum toxin injection into the cricopharyngeus muscle for retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R‐CPD).Study DesignRetrospective case series of consecutively treated patients.SettingTertiary care laryngology clinic.Subjects and MethodsA review was performed of the first 200 patients who were diagnosed with R‐CPD and treated with botulinum toxin injection into the cricopharyngeus muscle by a single surgeon. The study group was limited to those for whom a minimum of 6 months has elapsed since the injection. Items assessed were efficacy, safety, complications, and duration of benefit.ResultsOf 200 patients treated, (99.5%) gained the ability to burp and 95% experienced relief of the cardinal symptoms of R‐CPD: inability to belch, socially awkward gurgling noises, abdominal/chest pressure and bloating, and excessive flatulence. For those who experienced relief, 159 (79.9%) maintained a satisfactory ability to burp after 6 months. Of those who did not maintain the ability, 12 underwent a second injection, 1 patient underwent 3 subsequent injections, and 3 patients underwent partial myotomy. No patients experienced complications of botulinum toxin injection itself, and 4 patients had complications from esophagoscopy or anesthesia.ConclusionIn a case series of 200 patients with retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction, 99% experienced relief of the cardinal symptoms and 79.9% experienced lasting relief of their symptoms beyond pharmacologic duration of action after a single injection of botulinum toxin into the cricopharyngeus muscle. Relief can be reestablished in the remainder via additional injection or cricopharyngeus myotomy.
Serum estradiol levels in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Salama Nader , Blgozah Saeed 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To report the different patterns of estradiol levels in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia and correlate these levels with their clinical and laboratory findings. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was launched, and a retrieval of data for infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia ( n = 166) and fertile controls ( n = 40) was performed. The retrieved data included demographics, clinical findings, scrotal duplex, semen analysis, and hormonal assay (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and estradiol). Results: Our findings showed a wide spectrum of estradiol concentrations. The patients were arranged into three groups (high, normal, and low estradiol groups). The normal estradiol group was the most prevalent (71.1%). Testosterone, gonadotrophins, testicular volumes, and the number of patients with jobs in polluted workplaces showed significant differences among the study groups ( p = 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and 0.004, respectively). Age, body mass index, varicocele prevalence, prolactin, and smoking habits did not show any significant differences among the groups. Obesity was lacking in the low estradiol group, but it had significantly higher prevalence in the normal ( p = 0.013) or high group ( p = 0.023) compared with the controls. Conclusion: Serum estradiol, in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia, may be present at different levels. It is recommended that estradiol be measured in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia when there is an alteration in testosterone concentration, obesity, a polluted workplace occupation, or before trying hormonal therapy. Extended studies are highly recommended to provide a clear clue whether alterations in estradiol concentrations in men with non-obstructive azoospermia are the cause or a consequence of the condition.
Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immunothrombosis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Middleton Elizabeth A. , He Xue-Yan , Denorme Frederik , Campbell Robert A. , Ng David , Salvatore Steven P. , Mostyka Maria , Baxter-Stoltzfus Amelia , Borczuk Alain C. , Loda Massimo , Cody Mark J. , Manne Bhanu Kanth , Portier Irina , Harris Estelle S. , Petrey Aaron C. , Beswick Ellen J. , Caulin Aleah F. , Iovino Anthony , Abegglen Lisa M. , Weyrich Andrew S. , Rondina Matthew T. , Egeblad Mikala , Schiffman Joshua D. , Yost Christian Con 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 affects millions of patients worldwide, with clinical presentation ranging from isolated thrombosis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring ventilator support. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) originate from decondensed chromatin released to immobilize pathogens, and they can trigger immunothrombosis. We studied the connection between NETs and COVID-19 severity and progression. We conducted a prospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients (n = 33) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 17). We measured plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes (NETs), platelet factor 4, RANTES, and selected cytokines. Three COVID-19 lung autopsies were examined for NETs and platelet involvement. We assessed NET formation ex vivo in COVID-19 neutrophils and in healthy neutrophils incubated with COVID-19 plasma. We also tested the ability of neonatal NET-inhibitory factor (nNIF) to block NET formation induced by COVID-19 plasma. Plasma MPO-DNA complexes increased in COVID-19, with intubation (P &lt; .0001) and death (P &lt; .0005) as outcome. Illness severity correlated directly with plasma MPO-DNA complexes (P = .0360), whereas Pao2/fraction of inspired oxygen correlated inversely (P = .0340). Soluble and cellular factors triggering NETs were significantly increased in COVID-19, and pulmonary autopsies confirmed NET-containing microthrombi with neutrophil-platelet infiltration. Finally, COVID-19 neutrophils ex vivo displayed excessive NETs at baseline, and COVID-19 plasma triggered NET formation, which was blocked by nNIF. Thus, NETs triggering immunothrombosis may, in part, explain the prothrombotic clinical presentations in COVID-19, and NETs may represent targets for therapeutic intervention.
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, GTS-21, attenuates hyperoxia-induced acute inflammatory lung injury by alleviating the accumulation of HMGB1 in the airways and the circulation
Authors: Sitapara Ravikumar A. , Gauthier Alex G. , Valdés-Ferrer Sergio I. , Lin Mosi , Patel Vivek , Wang Mao , Martino Ashley T. , Perron Jeanette C. , Ashby Charles R. , Tracey Kevin J. , Pavlov Valentin A. , Mantell Lin L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Oxygen therapy, using supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia), is routinely administered to patients who require respiratory support including mechanical ventilation (MV). However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia results in acute lung injury (ALI) and accumulation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the airways. We previously showed that airway HMGB1 mediates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in a mouse model of ALI. Cholinergic signaling through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) attenuates several inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to determine whether 3–(2,4 dimethoxy-benzylidene)-anabaseine dihydrochloride, GTS-21, an α7nAChR partial agonist, inhibits hyperoxia-induced HMGB1 accumulation in the airways and circulation, and consequently attenuates inflammatory lung injury.

Methods
Mice were exposed to hyperoxia (≥99% O2) for 3 days and treated concurrently with GTS-21 (0.04, 0.4 and 4 mg/kg, i.p.) or the control vehicle, saline.

Results
The systemic administration of GTS-21 (4 mg/kg) significantly decreased levels of HMGB1 in the airways and the serum. Moreover, GTS-21 (4 mg/kg) significantly reduced hyperoxia-induced acute inflammatory lung injury, as indicated by the decreased total protein content in the airways, reduced infiltration of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils into the lung tissue and airways, and improved lung injury histopathology.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that GTS-21 can attenuate hyperoxia-induced ALI by inhibiting extracellular HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses. This suggests that the α7nAChR represents a potential pharmacological target for the treatment regimen of oxidative inflammatory lung injury in patients receiving oxygen therapy.
Combination of TLR agonist and miR146a mimics attenuates ovalbumin-induced asthma
Authors: Wang Xinhua , Lu Xiaoxian , Ma Chenhui , Ma Lihong , Han Shuguang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
microRNA-146a has been reported to be a regulator in the process of attenuating asthma by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) pathway. This study aimed to investigate how miR146a-inhibitor affect the symptom of asthma and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection with 20 μg of OVA. Total cells and differential inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted by flow cytometry. The expression levels of molecules and cytokines in TLR2 signaling pathway were detected by Q-PCR and ELISA.

Results
miR146a-inhibitor attenuated OVA-induced allergic asthma by increasing Th1 cytokines in OVA-induced allergic asthma model, and the treatment of miR146a-inhibitor can reduce the inflammation caused by asthma, followed by the down-regulation of IL-5 and IL-13 in sorted ILC2. The inhibition of miR-146a significantly reduced symptoms of asthma model with TLR2-related molecules being up-regulated.

Conclusion
It was found that miR-146a is an important regulator in OVA-induced allergic asthma model, which can relieve symptoms of asthma through regulating TLR2 pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for solving asthma in clinical treatment.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long Non-coding RNA MALAT1/microRNA-143/VEGFA Signal Axis Modulates Vascular Endothelial Injury-Induced Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Gao Ge , Zhang Yang , Yu Jian , Chen Yu , Gu Daqun , Niu Chaoshi , Fu Xianming , Wei Jianjun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe roles of some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in intracranial aneurysm (IA) have been investigated in many studies. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)/microRNA-143 (miR-143)/vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) signal axis in vascular endothelial injury-induced IA. MALAT1, miR-143, and VEGFA expression in IA tissues and normal arterial tissues were detected. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in tissues, von Willebrand factor (vWF) in serum and tissues, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in serum were detected. The modeled IA rats were injected with silenced or overexpressed MALAT1 for detecting vascular endothelial injury. Vascular endothelial cells from patients with IA were abstracted and transfected with silenced or overexpressed MALAT1 to verify the impacts of MALAT1 on cell viability and apoptosis. The connections among MALAT1, miR-143, and VEGFA were verified by online prediction, luciferase activity, and RNA-pull down assays. Overexpression of MALAT1 and VEGFA and poor expression of miR-143 were found in IA tissues. Downregulation of MALAT1 inhibited blood pressure, the expression of ET-1, vWF, and MMP-9, as well as the apoptotic index of vascular endothelial cells of rats with IA. Downregulated MALAT1 inhibited apoptosis and promoted viability of vascular endothelial cells in IA. MALAT1 bound to miR-143 and miR-143 targeted VEGFA. This study suggests that MALAT1 elevates VEGFA expression through competitive binding to miR-143, thereby boosting apoptosis and attenuating viability of vascular endothelial cells in IA.
Design of experiments for fine-mapping quantitative trait loci in livestock populations
Authors: Wittenburg Dörte , Bonk Sarah , Doschoris Michael , Reyer Henry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which capture a significant impact on a trait can be identified with genome-wide association studies. High linkage disequilibrium (LD) among SNPs makes it difficult to identify causative variants correctly. Thus, often target regions instead of single SNPs are reported. Sample size has not only a crucial impact on the precision of parameter estimates, it also ensures that a desired level of statistical power can be reached. We study the design of experiments for fine-mapping of signals of a quantitative trait locus in such a target region.MethodsA multi-locus model allows to identify causative variants simultaneously, to state their positions more precisely and to account for existing dependencies. Based on the commonly applied SNP-BLUP approach, we determine the z-score statistic for locally testing non-zero SNP effects and investigate its distribution under the alternative hypothesis. This quantity employs the theoretical instead of observed dependence between SNPs; it can be set up as a function of paternal and maternal LD for any given population structure.ResultsWe simulated multiple paternal half-sib families and considered a target region of 1 Mbp. A bimodal distribution of estimated sample size was observed, particularly if more than two causative variants were assumed. The median of estimates constituted the final proposal of optimal sample size; it was consistently less than sample size estimated from single-SNP investigation which was used as a baseline approach. The second mode pointed to inflated sample sizes and could be explained by blocks of varying linkage phases leading to negative correlations between SNPs. Optimal sample size increased almost linearly with number of signals to be identified but depended much stronger on the assumption on heritability. For instance, three times as many samples were required if heritability was 0.1 compared to 0.3. An R package is provided that comprises all required tools.ConclusionsOur approach incorporates information about the population structure into the design of experiments. Compared to a conventional method, this leads to a reduced estimate of sample size enabling the resource-saving design of future experiments for fine-mapping of candidate variants.
Detection of tetracycline and streptomycin in beef tissues using Charm II, isolation of relevant resistant bacteria and control their resistance by gamma radiation
Authors: Araby Eman , Nada Hanady G. , Abou El-Nour Salwa A. , Hammad Ali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Misuse of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has the potential to generate residues in animal derived products, which could contributing to the development of an important health risk either through the exposure to antibiotic residues or the transfer of antibiotic resistance among foodborne pathogens as well. Tetracycline (TE) and eptomycin (ST) are commonly used as antibiotics in the Egyptian animal husbandry. The objective of this study, quick detection of TE and ST in fresh local beef tissue samples using radioimmunoassay Charm II technique, isolation and identification of relevant highly resistant bacterial strains. In addition to investigating the effect of gamma radiation on the susceptibility of such resistant strains to TE and ST.

Results
Tetracycline (TE) was detected in all collected samples, while ST was detected in 38.46% (5/13) and 87.5% (7/8) of meat and liver samples, respectively.
Fifty-one bacterial isolates were isolated from the tested samples, among them, the highest resistant isolates to TE or ST were identified as Streptococcus thoraltensis, Proteus mirabilis (2 isolates) and E. coli (3 isolates). Among them, the highest D10-values in phosphate buffer; 0.807 and 0.480; kGy were recorded with S. thoraltensis and E. coli no.3, respectively. Such values increased to record 0.840 and 0.549 kGy, respectively after artificial inoculation into meat, indicating increased resistance to gamma radiation. Gamma radiation at dose 3 kGy increased the susceptibility of S. thoraltensis up to 50% to TE and ST, while the sensitivity of E. coli no.3 reached up 56% to both antibiotics at the same dose.

Conclusions
High prevalence of TE in all fresh collected tissue samples suggests an extensively use of TE as antimicrobial in conventional beef production as compared to ST in the Egyptian cows’ husbandry. Moreover, irradiation of food from animal origin by gamma radiation could potentially provide protection against resistant strains. In spite of limited samples used in this study, our data could raise the concerns of public health professionals about a withdrawal period before animals slaughtering, and address the importance of gamma radiation to minimize the hazards of foodborne resistant bacteria.