bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic analysis of aposematic conoderine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) supports the existence of three large mimicry complexes
Authors: Anzaldo Salvatore S , Wilson Joseph S , Franz Nico M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Conoderinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are one of the most distinctive Neotropical weevil groups in behaviour and appearance, attracting numerous hypotheses regarding the evolution and function of widespread apparent mimetic convergence. Conoderines have a poorly documented natural history, and a large fraction of the diversity of the group remains undescribed, presenting challenges to their study. In this analysis, 128 species of conoderine weevils previously or herein hypothesized to belong to three mimicry complexes are analysed in the first quantitative test of conoderine mimicry. Fifteen continuous and categorical characters describing the size, shape and coloration of these weevils were analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling while statistically testing the resulting clusters in ordination space. Three similar, putatively mimetic complexes are recognized: (1) the ‘red-eyed fly’ complex of weevils, which are hypothesized to be evasively mimetic on various species of red-eyed flies; (2) the ‘striped/spotted’ complex, composed of weevils with a brightly coloured pronotum and red to white elytral stripes or spots; and (3) the ‘shiny blue’ complex of species with iridescent blue to blue–green pronotal scales. Each of these groups covers a wide geographical distribution and has evolved independently in multiple genera, although the red-eyed fly complex appears to be both the most species rich and widely distributed phylogenetically. Groupings were found to be statistically significant, although variation within each group suggests that the similarity in appearance of species in each group could be attributable to independent convergence on different, but phenotypically similar, models. Several avenues for future research on conoderine mimicry are discussed.
Reinterpreting the phylogenetic position, systematics and distribution of the Raddia-Sucrea lineage (Poaceae, Olyrinae), with a new monotypic and endangered herbaceous bamboo genus from Brazil
Authors: Oliveira R Patrícia , Silva Christian , Welker Cassiano A D , Dórea Marcos Da C , Oliveira Iasmin L C , Vieira João P S , Leite Kelly R B , Clark Lynn G 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerbaceous bamboos (tribe Olyreae) are typical components of Neotropical forests, with a great diversity in Brazil. Olyreae comprise three subtribes, of which Olyrinae are the most heterogeneous, with 19 genera widely distributed in Brazilian biomes but also occurring in Mexico, Central America and northern and western South America. One of the lineages of this group is composed of the genera Raddia and Sucrea, the relationships of which were recently studied. Although Raddia was clearly monophyletic, the three Sucrea spp. displayed incongruence between the plastid and nuclear genomes. In the present study, we increased taxon sampling and included additional DNA regions [ITS, rpl32–trnL, trnD–trnT and trnS–(psbZ)–trnG] and used macro- and micromorphological characters to investigate the relationships in this group. The analyses involved maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood estimation methods. The three species traditionally assigned to Sucrea are confined to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and represent two lineages, one sister to Raddia and composed of S. monophylla (the type species) and S. maculata, with open panicles, microechinate-areolate pollen and a distribution from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro states. The other lineage, sister to Raddia + Sucrea, is composed of an unusual species with contracted panicles, microechinate-rugulate pollen and conspicuous tuberous roots; this is endemic to Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo states. This species, traditionally known as S. sampaiana, is here transferred to the new genus Brasilochloa (as B. sampaiana). It is a rare lineage, currently endangered with extinction, as is the case for a number of herbaceous bamboos occurring in the Atlantic Forest.
Morphometric network differences in ageing versus Alzheimer’s disease dementia
Authors: Pichet Binette Alexa , Gonneaud Julie , Vogel Jacob W , La Joie Renaud , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Collins D Louis , Poirier Judes , Breitner John C S , Villeneuve Sylvia , Vachon-Presseau Etienne ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the PREVENT-AD Research Group
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Age being the main risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, it is particularly challenging to disentangle structural changes related to normal brain ageing from those specific to Alzheimer’s disease. Most studies aiming to make this distinction focused on older adults only and on a priori anatomical regions. Drawing on a large, multi-cohort dataset ranging from young adults (n = 468; age range 18–35 years), to older adults with intact cognition (n = 431; age range 55–90 years) and with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 50 with late mild cognitive impairment and 71 with Alzheimer’s dementia, age range 56–88 years), we investigated grey matter organization and volume differences in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Using independent component analysis on all participants’ structural MRI, we first derived morphometric networks and extracted grey matter volume in each network. We also derived a measure of whole-brain grey matter pattern organization by correlating grey matter volume in all networks across all participants from the same cohort. We used logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic analyses to evaluate how well grey matter volume in each network and whole-brain pattern could discriminate between ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Because increased heterogeneity is often reported as one of the main features characterizing brain ageing, we also evaluated interindividual heterogeneity within morphometric networks and across the whole-brain organization in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, to investigate the clinical validity of the different grey matter features, we evaluated whether grey matter volume or whole-brain pattern was related to clinical progression in cognitively normal older adults. Ageing and Alzheimer’s disease contributed additive effects on grey matter volume in nearly all networks, except frontal lobe networks, where differences in grey matter were more specific to ageing. While no networks specifically discriminated Alzheimer’s disease from ageing, heterogeneity in grey matter volumes across morphometric networks and in the whole-brain grey matter pattern characterized individuals with cognitive impairments. Preservation of the whole-brain grey matter pattern was also related to lower risk of developing cognitive impairment, more so than grey matter volume. These results suggest both ageing and Alzheimer’s disease involve widespread atrophy, but that the clinical expression of Alzheimer’s disease is uniquely associated with disruption of morphometric organization.
Association between heart failure and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Smilowitz Nathaniel R , Banco Darcy , Katz Stuart D , Beckman Joshua A , Berger Jeffery S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Heart failure (HF) affects ∼5.7 million US adults and many of these patients develop non-cardiac disease that requires surgery. The aim of this study was to determine perioperative outcomes associated with HF in a large cohort of patients undergoing in-hospital non-cardiac surgery.

Methods and results
Adults ≥18 years old undergoing non-cardiac surgery between 2012 and 2014 were identified using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample. Patients with HF were identified by ICD-9 diagnosis codes. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between HF and outcomes. A total of 21 560 996 surgical hospitalizations were identified, of which 1 063 405 (4.9%) had a diagnosis of HF. Among hospitalizations with HF, 4.7% had acute HF, 11.3% had acute on chronic HF, 27.8% had chronic HF, and 56.2% had an indeterminate diagnosis code that did not specify temporality. In-hospital perioperative mortality was more common among patients with any diagnosis of HF compared to those without HF [4.8% vs. 0.78%, P &lt; 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.09–2.22], and the association between HF and mortality was greatest at small and non-teaching hospitals. Acute HF without chronic HF was associated with 8.0% mortality. Among patients with a chronic HF diagnosis, perioperative mortality was greater in those with acute on chronic HF compared to chronic HF alone (7.8% vs. 3.9%, P &lt; 0.001; aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.67–1.90).

Conclusion
In patients hospitalized for non-cardiac surgery, HF was common and was associated with increased risk of perioperative mortality. The greatest risks were in patients with acute HF.
International consensus on natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for gastric cancer (2019)
Authors: Guan Xu , Liu Zheng , Parvaiz Amjad , Longo Antonio , Saklani Avanish , Shafik Ali A , Cai Jian-Chun , Ternent Charles , Chen Lin , Kayaalp Cuneyt , Sumer Fatih , Nogueira Fernanda , Gao Feng , Han Fang-Hai , He Qing-Si , Chun Ho-Kyung , Huang Chang-Ming , Huang Hai-Yang , Huang Rui , Jiang Zhi-Wei , Khan Jim S , da Joaquim Manuel , Pereira Costa , Nunoo-Mensah Joseph W , Son Jung Tack , Kang Liang , Uehara Keisuke , Lan Ping , Li Le-Ping , Liang Han , Liu Bing-Rong , Liu Juan , Ma Dan , Shen Ming-Yin , Islam Mohammad Rashidul , Samalavicius Narimantas Evaldas , Pan Kai , Tsarkov Petr , Qin Xin-Yu , Escalante Ricardo , Efetov Sergey , Jeong Seung Kyu , Lee Suk-Hwan , Sun Dong-Hui , Sun Li , Garmanova Tatiana , Tian Yan-Tao , Wang Gui-Yu , Wang Guo-Jun , Wang Guo-Rong , Wang Xiao-Qiang , Chen William Tzu-Liang , Yong Lee Woo , Yan Su , Yang Zu-Li , Yu Gang , Yu Pei-Wu , Zhao Dan , Zhong Yun-Shi , Wang Jian-Ping , Wang Xi-Shan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
At present, natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has attracted more and more attention worldwide, because of its great advantages including minimal cutaneous trauma and post-operative pain, fast post-operative recovery, short hospital stay, and positive psychological impact. However, NOSES for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) is still in its infancy, and there is great potential to improve its theoretical system and clinical practice. Especially, several key points including oncological outcomes, bacteriological concerns, indication selection, and standardized surgical procedures are raised with this innovative technique. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve an international consensus to regulate the implementation of GC-NOSES, which is of great significance for healthy and orderly development of NOSES worldwide.
Predictors of Functional Decline in Nursing Home Residents: The Shelter Project
Authors: Fedecostante Massimiliano , Onder Graziano , Eusebi Paolo , Dell’Aquila Giuseppina , Zengarini Elisa , Carrieri Barbara , Manes Gravina Ester , Falsiroli Cinzia , Corsonello Andrea , Luzi Riccardo , Lattanzio Fabrizia , Bernabei Roberto , Cherubini Antonio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of our study was to identify independent predictors of functional decline in older nursing home (NH) residents, taking into account both resident and facility characteristics.

Methods
Longitudinal observational study involving 1,760 older (≥65 y) residents of NH participating in the SHELTER* study (57 NH in eight countries). All residents underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment using the interRAI LTCF. Functional decline was defined as an increase of at least one point in the MDS Long Form ADL scale during a 1 year follow-up. Facility and country effects were taken into account.

Results
During the study period 891 (50.6%), NH residents experienced ADL decline. Residents experiencing ADL decline were older, had lower disability at baseline, were more frequently affected by severe dementia and by urinary incontinence, and used more antipsychotics. In the mixed-effect logistic regression model, factors independently associated with a higher risk of functional decline were dementia and urinary incontinence, whereas the presence of a geriatrician was a protective factor.

Conclusions
Both resident and facility characteristics are associated with the risk of functional decline in NH residents. Increasing the quality of healthcare by involving a geriatrician in residents’ care might be an important strategy to improve the outcome of this vulnerable population.
Effective properties of a porous medium with aligned cracks containing compressible fluid
Authors: Song Yongjia , Hu Hengshan , Han Bo 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYUnderstanding the wave propagation in fluid-saturated cracked rocks is important for detecting and characterizing cracked reservoirs and fault zones with applications in geomechanics, hydrogeology, exploration geophysics and reservoir engineering. In sedimentary rocks, microscopic-scale pores are usually filled with fluid. One logical means of modelling the essential features of such rocks is to use poroelasticity theory. But previous models of wave propagation in cracked porous medium are either restricted to low frequencies at which effects of the elastic scattering (scattering into fast-P and S waves via mode conversion at the crack faces) are negligible or to the case that the crack-filling fluid is assumed to be incompressible. To overcome these restrictions, we consider the effects of crack fluid compressibility by extending spring condition into poroelasticity and derive exact solutions of the scattering problem of an incident P wave by a circular crack containing compressible fluid in a porous medium. Based on the solutions, we develop two different effective medium models to estimate frequency-dependent effective velocity and attenuation in a fluid-saturated porous rock with a set of aligned cracks. The mixed-boundary value problem reveals that both the wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) and elastic wave scattering can cause important velocity dispersion and attenuation. The diffusion-type WIFF dominates the velocity change and attenuation for the low frequency range, while the elastic scattering dominates them for the relatively higher frequency range. The dependences of the P-wave velocity on the crack fluid compressibility are different at different frequencies. For the WIFF-dominated frequency range and Rayleigh-scattering frequency range, the P-wave velocity decreases with the crack fluid compressibility. In contrast, for the Mie scattering frequency range, the opposite occurs (the P-wave velocity increases with the crack fluid compressibility).
Mimicking of splicing-related retinitis pigmentosa mutations in C. elegans allow drug screens and identification of disease modifiers
Authors: Kukhtar Dmytro , Rubio-Peña Karinna , Serrat Xènia , Cerón Julián 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCRISPR/Cas and the high conservation of the spliceosome components facilitate the mimicking of human pathological mutations in splicing factors of model organisms. The degenerative retinal disease retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is caused by mutations in distinct types of genes, including missense mutations in splicing factors that provoke RP in an autosomal dominant form (s-adRP). Using CRISPR in Caenorhabditis elegans, we generated mutant strains to mimic s-adRP mutations reported in PRPF8 and SNRNP200. Whereas these inherited mutations are present in heterozygosis in patients, C. elegans allows the maintenance of these mutations as homozygotes, which is advantageous for genetic and drug screens. We found that snrp-200(cer23[V676L]) and prp-8(cer14[H2302del]) display pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduced fertility. However, snrp-200(cer24[S1080L]) and prp-8(cer22[R2303G]) are weak alleles suitable for RNAi screens for identifying genetic interactions, which could uncover potential disease modifiers. We screened a collection of RNAi clones for splicing-related genes and identified three splicing factors: isy-1/ISY1, cyn-15/PPWD1 and mog-2/SNRPA1, whose partial inactivation may modify the course of the disease. Interestingly, these three genes act as modifiers of prp-8(cer22) but not of snrp-200(cer24). Finally, a screen of the strong allele prp-8(cer14) with FDA-approved drugs did not identify molecules capable of alleviating the temperature-sensitive sterility. Instead, we detected drugs, such as dequalinium chloride, which exacerbated the phenotype, and therefore, are potentially harmful to s-adRP patients since they may accelerate the progression of the disease.
Conditional switching of KIF2A mutation provides new insights into cortical malformation pathogeny
Authors: Gilet Johan G , Ivanova Ekaterina L , Trofimova Daria , Rudolf Gabrielle , Meziane Hamid , Broix Loic , Drouot Nathalie , Courraud Jeremie , Skory Valerie , Voulleminot Paul , Osipenko Maria , Bahi-Buisson Nadia , Yalcin Binnaz , Birling Marie-Christine , Hinckelmann Maria-Victoria , Kwok Benjamin H , Allingham John S , Chelly Jamel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
By using the Cre-mediated genetic switch technology, we were able to successfully generate a conditional knock-in mouse, bearing the KIF2A p.His321Asp missense point variant, identified in a subject with malformations of cortical development. These mice present with neuroanatomical anomalies and microcephaly associated with behavioral deficiencies and susceptibility to epilepsy, correlating with the described human phenotype. Using the flexibility of this model, we investigated RosaCre-, NestinCre- and NexCre-driven expression of the mutation to dissect the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental cortical abnormalities. We show that the expression of the p.His321Asp pathogenic variant increases apoptosis and causes abnormal multipolar to bipolar transition in newborn neurons, providing therefore insights to better understand cortical organization and brain growth defects that characterize KIF2A-related human disorders. We further demonstrate that the observed cellular phenotypes are likely to be linked to deficiency in the microtubule depolymerizing function of KIF2A.
The 6-min walk test in the functional evaluation of patients with lung cancer qualified for lobectomy
Authors: Wesolowski Stefan , Orlowski Tadeusz M , Kram Marek 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The American College of Chest Physicians guidelines recommend low-technology exercise tests in the functional evaluation of patients with lung cancer considered for resectional surgery. However, the 6-min walk test (6MWT) is not included, because the data on its clinical value are inconsistent. Our goal was to evaluate the 6MWT in assessing the risk of cardiopulmonary complications in candidates for lung resection.

METHODS
We performed a retrospective assessment of clinical data and pulmonary function test results in 947 patients, mean age 65.3 (standard deviation 9.5) years, who underwent a single lobectomy for lung cancer. In 555 patients with predicted postoperative values ≤60%, the 6MWT was performed. The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) and the distance-saturation product (DSP), which is the product of the 6MWD in metres, and the lowest oxygen saturation registered during the test were assessed.

RESULTS
A total of 363 patients with predicted postoperative values &lt;60% and a 6MWT distance (6MWD) ≥400 m or DSP ≥ 350 m% had a lower rate of cardiopulmonary complications than patients with shorter 6MWD or lower DSP values [odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35–0.81] and 0.47 (95% CI 0.30–0.73), respectively. This result was also true for patients with predicted postoperative values &lt;40%, ORs 0.33 (95% CI 0.14–0.79) and 0.25 (95% CI 0.10–0.61), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The 6MWT is useful in the assessment of operative risk in patients undergoing a single lobectomy for lung cancer. It helps to stratify the operative risk, which is lower in patients with 6MWD ≥400 m or DSP ≥350 m% than in patients with a shorter 6MWD or lower DSP values.
Self-Similar Dynamics for the Modified Korteweg–de Vries Equation
Authors: Correia Simão , Côte Raphaël , Vega Luis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We prove a local well-posedness result for the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation in a critical space designed so that is contains self-similar solutions. As a consequence, we can study the flow of this equation around self-similar solutions: in particular, we give an asymptotic description of small solutions as $t \to +\infty $.
Occurrence of cross-resistance and β-lactam seesaw effect in glycopeptide-, lipopeptide- and lipoglycopeptide-resistant MRSA correlates with membrane phosphatidylglycerol levels
Authors: Hines Kelly M , Shen Tianwei , Ashford Nathaniel K , Waalkes Adam , Penewit Kelsi , Holmes Elizabeth A , McLean Kathryn , Salipante Stephen J , Werth Brian J , Xu Libin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Glycopeptides (GPs), lipopeptides (LPs) and lipoglycopeptides (LGPs) are related antimicrobials important for the management of invasive MRSA infections. Cross-resistance among these antibiotics in MRSA is well documented, as is the observation that susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactams increases as susceptibility to GPs and LPs decreases (i.e. the seesaw effect). Efforts to understand the relationship between GP/LP/LGP cross-resistance and the seesaw effect have focused on the PBPs, but the role of lipid metabolism has not been investigated.

Objectives
Since the cell membrane is structurally and metabolically integrated with the cell wall and anchors associated proteins, including PBPs, we examined the relationship between membrane lipid composition and the phenomena of cross-resistance among GPs/LPs/LGPs and the β-lactam seesaw effect.

Methods
We selected for daptomycin, vancomycin and dalbavancin resistance using the USA300 strain JE2 and evaluated the resulting mutants by WGS, MS-based lipidomics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to assess the relationship between membrane composition, cross-resistance, and the seesaw effect.

Results
We observed cross-resistance to GPs/LPs/LGPs among the selected strains and the seesaw effect against various β-lactams, depending on the PBP targets of the particular β-lactam. We found that modification of membrane composition occurs not only in daptomycin-selected strains, but also vancomycin- and dalbavancin-selected strains. Significantly, we observed that the abundance of most phosphatidylglycerols positively correlates with MICs of GPs/LPs/LGPs and negatively correlates with the MICs of β-lactams.

Conclusions
These studies demonstrate a major association between membrane remodelling, cross-resistance and the seesaw effect.