bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective application of implementation science theories and frameworks to inform use of PROMs in routine clinical care within an integrated pain network
Authors: Ahmed Sara , Zidarov Diana , Eilayyan Owis , Visca Regina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study is to present the implementation science approaches that were used before implementing electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) across an integrated chronic pain network that includes primary, rehabilitation, and hospital-based care.

Methods
The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used to identify potential barriers and enablers to the use of ePROMS by primary care clinicians. In rehabilitation and tertiary care, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation (CFIR) was used to guide the identification of determinants of implementations, through observation of workflow, patient and clinician surveys, and clinician interviews. A mixed-method concurrent design comprising a quantitative and qualitative analysis was used. The results were reviewed by a steering committee to iteratively inform the ePROM implementation plan. The Proctor framework of evaluation was used to guide the development of an evaluation plan for the implementation of ePROMs in the integrated chronic pain network.

Results
Both frameworks provided similar results with respect to healthcare provider knowledge, behaviour, and experience interpreting PROM scores. The TDF and CFIR frameworks differed in identifying organizational-level determinants. The resultant implementation plan was structured around the adoption of PROMs to inform individual treatment planning and quality improvement. The evaluation plan focused on implementation and impact outcomes to evaluate the ePROM intervention.

Conclusions
The TDF and CFIR guided the development of a multi-component knowledge translation and training intervention that will address multiple gaps and barriers to implementation of PROMs across the integrated network. The ePROM intervention will aim to increase clinicians’ knowledge and skills and foster best practices.
The Great Western Railway
Authors: Noonan Harold W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn On The Plurality of Worlds Lewis presents the case of the Great Western Railway as a candidate counter-example, along with the usual suspects, to the thesis that two things cannot be in the same place at the same time. Typically, pluralists or many-thingers, i.e., those who reject the thesis, point to modal or historical or aesthetic differences to justify their judgement of non-identity. Lewis’s aim to is to show the inadequacy of this justification, at least as regards modal differences, by considering a case in which it clearly fails, in which the judgement of non-identity so based is incredible, and hence to make it evident that in all such cases the appeal to modal differences is insufficient. What makes the case of the Great Western Railway special is that it is a purely spatial example, as Lewis emphasises. In what follows I set out the example and try to make it clear that, as Lewis says, for this reason a judgement of non-identity based on an appeal to modal differences is incredible. Then I give another example, easier to understand, I think, which makes the same point, inspired by Russell’s famous joke about the irate yacht owner.
Electric Current Distribution During Electromagnetic Braking in Continuous Casting
Authors: Vakhrushev Alexander , Kharicha Abdellah , Liu Zhongqiu , Wu Menghuai , Ludwig Andreas , Nitzl Gerald , Tang Yong , Hackl Gernot , Watzinger Josef 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The electromagnetic brake (EMBr) is a well-known and widely applied technology for controlling the melt flow in the continuous casting (CC) of the steel. The effect of a steady (DC) magnetic field (0.31 T) in a CC mold is numerically studied based on the GaInSn experiment. The electrical boundary conditions are varied by considering a perfectly insulating/conductive mold or the presence of a conductive solid shell, which is experimentally modeled by 0.5 mm brass plates. An intense current density (up to 350 kA/m2) is induced by the EMBr magnetic field in the form of loops. The electric current loop tends to close either inside the liquid bulk or through the conductive solid. Based on the character of the induced current loop closures, the turbulent flow is affected as follows: (i) it becomes unstable in the insulated mold, forming 2D self-inducing vortex structures aligned with the magnetic field; (ii) it is strongly damped for the conductive mold; and (iii) it exhibits transitional behavior with the presence of a solid shell. The application of the obtained results for the real CC process is discussed and validated.
Measuring the bore straightness during reaming with sensoric tools
Authors: Bretz Andreas , Abele Eberhard , Weigold Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReaming plays a crucial role in production to meet the high quality requirements of precision bore machining. It is either directly responsible for the final component quality or influences subsequent processes such as honing. The narrow tolerances are usually monitored by measuring random samples in mass production due to cost efficiency. Having a closer look at an exemplary process chain for the production of hydraulic valves shows the possibility to adapt the honing parameters which reduces processing time and costs. However, the bore straightness after the reaming process has to be known. In this paper an approach is presented which allows to record the bore straightness within the productive time. For this purpose, a sensory reaming system is developed. It can be used without additional components in the machine tool and thus integrated into existing machining processes. Cutting tests show that the system is able to measure the bore straightness as good as sensing probes used in machine tools.
A novel complex network-based deep learning method for characterizing gas–liquid two-phase flow
Authors: Gao Zhong-Ke , Liu Ming-Xu , Dang Wei-Dong , Cai Qing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGas–liquid two-phase flow widely exits in production and transportation of petroleum industry. Characterizing gas–liquid flow and measuring flow parameters represent challenges of great importance, which contribute to the recognition of flow regime and the optimal design of industrial equipment. In this paper, we propose a novel complex network-based deep learning method for characterizing gas–liquid flow. Firstly, we map the multichannel measurements to multiple limited penetrable visibility graphs (LPVGs) and obtain their degree sequences as the graph representation. Based on the degree distribution, we analyze the complicated flow behavior under different flow structures. Then, we design a dual-input convolutional neural network to fuse the raw signals and the graph representation of LPVGs for the classification of flow structures and measurement of gas void fraction. We implement the model with two parallel branches with the same structure, each corresponding to one input. Each branch consists of a channel-projection convolutional part, a spatial–temporal convolutional part, a dense block and an attention module. The outputs of the two branches are concatenated and fed into several full connected layers for the classification and measurement. At last, our method achieves an accuracy of 95.3% for the classification of flow structures, and a mean squared error of 0.0038 and a mean absolute percent error of 6.3% for the measurement of gas void fraction. Our method provides a promising solution for characterizing gas–liquid flow and measuring flow parameters.
Experimental investigation on barite sag under flowing condition and drill pipe rotation
Authors: Zaker Saeed , Sarafzadeh Pegah , Ahmadi Amin , Esmaeili-Faraj Seyyed Hamid , Parvizi Roohollah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Using drilling fluids with optimum density is one of the most important approaches to stabilize the pressure of the bottom formation and prevent blowout through the drilling process. One of the common methods for this purpose is adding some additives with high specific gravity to the drilling fluid to tune its density. Among the possible chemicals, barite and hematite with the density of 4.2 and 5.2 g/cc are the most common additives. Unfortunately, although the application of these additives is advantageous, they have some drawbacks which the most important one is separation and settlement of solid phase called barite sag. The barite sag comes from barite, or other dense materials particles deposition resulted in undesired density fluctuations in drilling fluid can lead to mud loss, well control problems, poorly cementing and even pipe sticking which occurs in severe cases. With respect to these concerns, the current investigation is concentrated to obtain the relation between the dynamic conditions such as flow rate (0.308 and 0.19 l/s) and deviation angles of 30°,45°,60° and 90° and barite sag phenomenon through a flow loop equipment. Besides, the effect of drilling string rotational speed (70 rpm) on the barite deposition is investigated. The results not only indicate that increasing the flow rate from 0.19 l/s to 0.308 l/s can reduce the deposition rate, but also increasing the deviation angle from 45 to 60 o enhance the barite deposition to its maximum value.

Graphic abstract
Polarization-Insensitive Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide Design for Evanescent Field Absorption Gas Sensor
Authors: Kazanskiy Nikolay Lvovich , Khonina Svetlana Nikolaevna , Butt Muhammad Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe propose a polarization-insensitive design of a hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG) optimized at the 3.392 µm wavelength which corresponds to the absorption line of methane gas. The waveguide design is capable of providing high mode sensitivity (Smode) and evanescent field ratio (EFR) for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) hybrid modes. The modal analysis of the waveguide is performed via 2-dimension (2D) and 3-dimension (3D) finite element methods (FEMs). At optimized waveguide parameters, Smode and EFR of 0.94 and 0.704, can be obtained for the TE hybrid mode, respectively, whereas the TM hybrid mode can offer Smode and EFR of 0.86 and 0.67, respectively. The TE and TM hybrid modes power dissipation of ~3 dB can be obtained for a 20-µm-long hybrid plasmonic waveguide at the 60% gas concentration. We believe that the highly sensitive waveguide scheme proposed in this work overcomes the limitation of the polarization controlled light and can be utilized in gas sensing applications.
Establishment of second-growth forests in human landscapes: ecological mechanisms and genetic consequences
Authors: Hampe Arndt , Alfaro-Sánchez Raquel , Martín-Forés Irene 
Published: September 2020

Abstract•Key messageThis special issue gathers articles arising from the ERA-NET BiodivERsA3 research project “Unraveling the Potential of Spontaneous Forest Establishment for Improving Ecosystem Functions and Services in Dynamic Landscapes (SPONFOREST)”. Using a broad spectrum of research approaches, they provide detailed insights into how new forest stands establish and which consequences the establishment process has for their character and functioning.
Subakute Thyreoiditis und akute suppurative Thyreoiditis
Authors: Trummer Christian , Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Pilz Stefan 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie subakute Thyreoiditis (SAT) und die akute suppurative Thyreoiditis (AST) sind Schilddrüsenerkrankungen, bei welchen es durch Zerstörung von Schilddrüsengewebe zum Auftreten einer Hyperthyreose kommen kann. Die SAT ist vermutlich (post-)viraler Genese. Typischerweise folgt einer initial hyperthyreoten Phase oft eine zumeist transiente Hypothyreose, klinisch sind Halsschmerzen, Fieber oder Abgeschlagenheit charakteristisch. Laborchemisch werden oft erhöhte Entzündungsparameter gefunden, hilfreich für die Diagnosestellung sind außerdem ein erhöhtes Thyreoglobulin sowie hohe Leberparameter. Sonographisch zeigen sich häufig fokale, schlecht abgrenzbare hypoechogene Areale bei verminderter Schilddrüsendurchblutung, in szintigraphischen Untersuchungen ist der Tracer-Uptake reduziert. Therapeutisch kommen Betablocker zur Linderung hyperthyreoter Beschwerden zum Einsatz, zur analgetischen Therapie werden nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) und Glukokortikoide eingesetzt. In schweren Fällen kann auch eine Thyreoidektomie notwendig sein, bei unklaren Fällen sollte die Indikation zu einer Feinnadelpunktion großzügig gestellt werden, um eine Abgrenzung zu malignen Prozessen oder einer AST zu ermöglichen. Im Gegensatz zur SAT handelt es sich bei der AST um eine bakterielle Infektion der Schilddrüse, die oft auf dem Boden von anatomisch-strukturellen Veränderungen entsteht. Typische Symptome umfassten eine Schwellung des Halses verbunden mit Schmerzen, Fieber, Heiserkeit, Dysphagie sowie einem lokalen Erythem. Laborchemisch zeigen sich auch hier erhöhte Entzündungsparameter, während eine Hyperthyreose seltener ist. In der akuten Entzündungsphase kann eine Abszessformation und ihre Ausdehnung mittels Ultraschall oder CT dargestellt werden. Hinsichtlich der Therapie sind eine rasche antibiotische Therapie und eine Drainage des Abszesses von großer Bedeutung, teilweise kann auch eine operative Entfernung von Schilddrüsengewebe notwendig werden.
Intravenous dexamethasone and peripheral nerve blocks: A systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Teshome Diriba , Fenta Efrem , Hunie Metages 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Poorly managed postoperative pain may delay discharge and recovery, lowers the quality of life, and it may result in chronic pain. Intravenous (IV) dexamethasone has been used as an additive to local anesthetic for peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) with variable efficacy. The aim of this Systemic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effectiveness of IV dexamethasone as an adjuvant to local anesthetic for PNBs.

Methods:
The PRISMA statement guideline is followed to conduct this SR and MA. The primary outcome was the duration of analgesia analyzed according to a dose of dexamethasone (4, 8, and 10 mg). Secondary outcomes included duration of sensory block, duration of motor block, postoperative opioid consumption, pain severity score, patient satisfaction, and incidence of PONV. Eleven randomized controlled trials, including 709 patients, were included.

Results:
The duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged with IV dexamethasone with a mean difference of 5.04 h CI, 2.65 to 7.44; I2 = 100%, P < 0.0001 compared to control. Sub-group analysis found IV dexamethasone 4 mg and 8 mg did not show a significant difference in prolonging analgesia duration (P = 0.11). However, IV dexamethasone 10 mg significantly prolonged analgesic duration of PNBs when compared to control with P < 0.00001. Regarding secondary outcomes IV dexamethasone increased duration of sensory block, decrease postoperative pain severity, and opioids consumption at 24 h.

Conclusions:
IV dexamethasone as an additive to PNBs could increase duration analgesia, sensory block and decreases postoperative pain severity, opioids consumption, and sleep disturbance of first night after surgery.

Highlights:
Global Research on Public Health Emergency Preparedness From 1997 to 2019: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Lin Tong , Qiu Yuqin , Peng Wenya , Peng Lisheng 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:To access the trends and focuses of publications on public health emergency preparedness in the timeframe 1997-2019.Methods:Publications related to public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analyses including output statistics, co-authorship analysis, citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis were performed and mapped using VOSviewer.Results:A total of 1058 publications on PHEP were included in this study. There was an increasing trend of publication output and citations since 2002. A total of 4605 authors from 1587 institutes and 92 countries contributed to the publications, and the United States lead the field.Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparednesswas the most active and co-cited journal among 243 journals. The knowledge foundation mainly focused on the professionals’ capacity, education, and conceptions of PHEP. Epidemics, natural disasters, terrorism, education, and communication were the principle topics; while “vulnerable populations,” “disaster medicine,” and “hurricane” were the recent hotspots in this field.Conclusions:Significant progresses had been achieved worldwide in the past 2 decades, however, improvement of research activity and international collaboration is still a need for most countries.
Superbubbles as an empirical characteristic of directed networks
Authors: Gärtner Fabian , Kühnl Felix , Seemann Carsten R. ,   The Students of the Graphs and Networks Computer Lab 2018/19, Höner Zu Siederdissen Christian , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuperbubbles are acyclic induced subgraphs of a digraph with single entrance and exit that naturally arise in the context of genome assembly and the analysis of genome alignments in computational biology. These structures can be computed in linear time and are confined to non-symmetric digraphs. We demonstrate empirically that graph parameters derived from superbubbles provide a convenient means of distinguishing different classes of real-world graphical models, while being largely unrelated to simple, commonly used parameters.
Money Knowledge or Money Myths? Results of a population survey on money and the monetary order
Authors: Kraemer Klaus , Jakelja Luka , Brugger Florian , Nessel Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeople use money in everyday life in ubiquitous ways. In addition, they know that money has quite different and multiple meanings in different social contexts, depending on the situation in which it is used. That said, what do people actually know about money, money creation, money backing and the institutional foundations of the monetary order? While contributions in the rapidly extending field of financial literacy have empirically studied people’s knowledge about mathematical and financial issues, people’s knowledge about the functioning of the money system and monetary institutions remained mostly unexplored. To improve our understanding of people’s knowledge of the money system and the most important money institutions, we questioned 2,000 individuals in Austria using a standardized population survey. In this paper, after a short critical review of the sociology of money and the literature on financial literacy, we present and critically discuss the results of the survey. We found that, independently of age, gender, education and income, people know very little about the money system or money institutions and mostly believe in money myths, such as the notion that money is still backed by gold. Finally, we discuss our empirical findings against the backdrop of the state of research on the sociology of money1.
Nutritional contributions of food pantries and other sources to the diets of rural, Midwestern food pantry users in the USA
Authors: Liu Yibin , Desmond Nicole E. , Wright Breanne N. , Bailey Regan L. , Dong Tianning , Craig Bruce A. , Eicher-Miller Heather A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFood pantries provide free food to individuals at nutritional risk given lack of available foods. Frequent use of food pantries is associated with higher dietary quality; however, neither the nutrient contributions of food pantries to participant diets nor their relationship with household food security are known. This cross-sectional analysis used secondary data from rural food pantry participants, including sociodemographic characteristics, household food security and 24-h recalls. Mean intakes of selected food groups and nutrients from food pantries, supermarkets, other stores and restaurants, and other were compared by one-way ANCOVA. Interaction effects of household food security with food sources were evaluated by two-way ANCOVA. About 40 % of participants’ dietary intake came from food pantries. Mean intakes of fibre (P < 0·0001), Na (P < 0·0001), fruit (P < 0·0001), grains (P < 0·0001) and oils (P < 0·0001) were higher from food pantries compared with all other sources, as were Ca (P = 0·004), vitamin D (P < 0·0001) and K (P < 0·0001) from food pantries compared with two other sources. Percentage total energy intake (%TEI) from added sugars (P < 0·0001) and saturated fat (P < 0·0001) was higher from supermarkets than most other sources. Significant interaction effects were observed between food sources and household food security for vegetables (P = 0·01), Na (P = 0·01) and %TEI from saturated fat (P = 0·004), with food-insecure participants having significantly higher intakes from food pantries and/or supermarkets compared with all other sources. Future interventions may incorporate these findings by providing education on purchasing and preparing healthy meals on limited budgets, to complement foods received from pantries, and by reducing Na in pantry environments.
IMPLEMENTING HUMAN RIGHTS DUE DILIGENCE THROUGH CORPORATE CIVIL LIABILITY
Authors: Bueno Nicolas , Bright Claire 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince the adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights the relationship between human rights due diligence (HRDD) and corporate liability has been a source of legal uncertainty. In order to clarify this relationship, this article compares and contrasts civil liability provisions aiming at implementing HRDD. It explains the legal liability mechanisms in the draft Treaty on Business and Human Rights and in domestic mandatory HRDD legislation and initiatives such as the French Duty of Vigilance Law and the Swiss Responsible Business Initiative. It compares these developments with the emerging case law on parent company and supply chain liability for human rights abuses. It explores the potentially perverse effects that certain civil liability provisions and court decisions might have on companies’ practices. Finally, it makes recommendations for the design of effective liability mechanisms to implement HRDD.
Effects of exogenous C18 unsaturated fatty acids on milk lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Hang , Dan Ni , Ao Changjin , Wang Sizhen , Erdene Khas , Ashraf Mohammed Umair 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe determined the effects of a combination of C18 unsaturated fatty acids (C18-UFAs) consisting of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids on milk lipogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). By orthogonal experiments to determine cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, a combination of 200 μmol/l C18 : 1, 50 μmol/l C18 : 2, and 2 μmol/l C18 : 3 was selected as C18-UFAs combination treatment, and culture in medium containing fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin was used as the control. The expression of genes related to milk lipid synthesis and intracellular FA composition was measured. The results showed that cytosolic TAG formation was higher under C18-UFAs treatment than under control treatment. The mRNA expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACACA), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) did not differ between treatments. The abundance of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) was higher, whereas that of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF-1) was lower after C18-UFAs treatment compared to control treatment. The C16 : 0 and SFA content was decreased following C18-UFAs treatment compared to control treatment, while the cis-9 C18 : 1 and UFA content was increased. In conclusion, C18-UFAs could stimulate triglyceride accumulation, increase the cellular UFA concentration, and regulate lipogenic genes in BMECs.