bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction and Prevention of Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism
Authors: Khorana Alok A. , DeSancho Maria T. , Liebman Howard , Rosovsky Rachel , Connors Jean M. , Zwicker Jeffrey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVenous and arterial thromboembolism are prevalent, highly burdensome, and associated with risk of worse outcomes for patients with cancer. Risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) varies widely across specific cancer subpopulations. The ability to predict risk of cancer-associated VTE is critical because an optimal thromboprophylaxis strategy is best achieved by targeting high-risk patients with cancer and avoiding prophylaxis in patients with cancer at low risk for VTE. A validated risk tool for solid tumors has been available for a decade. Newer tools have focused on specific populations, such as patients with multiple myeloma. Emerging studies continue to optimize risk prediction approaches in patients with cancer. Recent randomized trials have specifically addressed risk-adapted thromboprophylaxis using direct oral anticoagulants, and revised guidelines have included these new data to formulate recommendations for outpatient thromboprophylaxis. Implementation science approaches to enhance use of outpatient prophylaxis in the context of these guideline changes are under way. However, major knowledge gaps remain, including a lack of data for inpatient thromboprophylaxis in the cancer setting and a lack of formal tools for identifying risk of bleeding. This review describes optimal approaches to risk prediction and patient selection for primary pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis of cancer-associated VTE, addresses barriers to implementing these practices, and highlights strategies to overcome them.Implications for PracticeRisk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) varies widely among patients with cancer. Individual risk can be determined using validated approaches. Inpatient and postsurgical thromboprophylaxis is more widely accepted. However, most patients with cancer develop VTE in the outpatient setting. Recent randomized trials have demonstrated benefit to risk-adapted outpatient thromboprophylaxis. High-risk patients may therefore be considered for outpatient thromboprophylaxis as recommended by recently updated guidelines. System-wide implementation approaches are necessary to improve compliance with prophylaxis.
Approach to Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Challenging Situations and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Wang Tzu-Fei , Billett Henny H. , Connors Jean M. , Soff Gerald A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Malignancy is a significant risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). It is estimated that up to 20% of patients with cancer may develop VTE at some time in their cancer journey. Cancer-associated VTE can lead to hospitalizations, morbidity, delayed cancer treatment, and mortality. The optimal prevention and management of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is of utmost importance. Direct oral anticoagulants have been recommended as first-line therapy for VTE treatment in the general population and their efficacy has recently been demonstrated in the cancer population, leading to increased use. However, patients with cancer have unique challenges and comorbidities that can lead to increased risks and concerns with anticoagulation. Herein we will discuss commonly encountered challenges in patients with CAT, review available literature, and provide practice suggestions.

Implications for Practice
This article aims to specifically address cancer-associated thrombosis issues for which there is limited or absent evidence to guide best practice, for circumstances that pose unique challenges for clinicians, and for directions when the literature is conflicting. It reviews pertinent data for each selected topic and provides guidance for patient management based on the best available evidence and experiences from the panel.
Implementing DPYD*2A Genotyping in Clinical Practice: The Quebec, Canada, Experience
Authors: Jolivet Catherine , Nassabein Rami , Soulières Denis , Weng Xiaoduan , Amireault Carl , Ayoub Jean-Pierre , Beauregard Patrice , Blais Normand , Carrier Christian , Cloutier Alexis-Simon , Desnoyers Alexandra , Lemay Anne-Sophie , Lemay Frédéric , Loungnarath Rasmy , Jolivet Jacques , Letendre François , Tehfé Mustapha , Vadnais Charles , Viens Daniel , Aubin Francine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Fluoropyrimidines are used in chemotherapy combinations for multiple cancers. Deficient dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity can lead to severe life-threatening toxicities. DPYD*2A polymorphism is one of the most studied variants. The study objective was to document the impact of implementing this test in routine clinical practice.

Methods
We retrospectively performed chart reviews of all patients who tested positive for a heterozygous or homozygous DPYD*2A mutation in samples obtained from patients throughout the province of Quebec, Canada.

Results
During a period of 17 months, 2,617 patients were tested: 25 patients tested positive. All were White. Twenty-four of the 25 patients were heterozygous (0.92%), and one was homozygous (0.038%). Data were available for 20 patients: 15 were tested upfront, whereas five were identified after severe toxicities. Of the five patients confirmed after toxicities, all had grade 4 cytopenias, 80% grade ≥3 mucositis, 20% grade 3 rash, and 20% grade 3 diarrhea. Eight patients identified with DPYD*2A mutation prior to treatment received fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy at reduced initial doses. The average fluoropyrimidine dose intensity during chemotherapy was 50%. No grade ≥3 toxicities were observed. DPYD*2A test results were available in an average of 6 days, causing no significant delays in treatment initiation.

Conclusion
Upfront genotyping before fluoropyrimidine-based treatment is feasible in clinical practice and can prevent severe toxicities and hospitalizations without delaying treatment initiation. The administration of chemotherapy at reduced doses appears to be safe in patients heterozygous for DPYD*2A.

Implications for Practice
Fluoropyrimidines are part of chemotherapy combinations for multiple cancers. Deficient dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity can lead to severe life-threatening toxicities. This retrospective analysis demonstrates that upfront genotyping of DPYD before fluoropyrimidine-based treatment is feasible in clinical practice and can prevent severe toxicities and hospitalizations without delaying treatment initiation. This approach was reported previously, but insufficient data concerning its application in real practice are available. This is likely the first reported experience of systematic DPYD genotyping all over Canada and North America as well.
Registration of ‘UC Rio Zape’ heirloom‐like dry bean
Authors: Parker Travis , Palkovic Antonia , Brummer E. Charles , Gepts Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract‘UC Rio Zape’ (Reg. no. CV‐335, PI 693471) is a dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) developed by recurrent backcrossing between the landrace Rio Zape (recurrent parent) and ‘Matterhorn’ great northern bean (donor parent). UC Rio Zape is a BC5F2:7 cultivar that traces approximately 98% of its ancestry to Rio Zape but demonstrates resistance to Bean common mosaic virus due to introgression of the I gene. UC Rio Zape also has yields 19% higher than its heirloom parent. It also maintains culinary quality comparable to its heirloom parent. All field evaluations were conducted on certified organic land. UC Rio Zape will serve growers and consumers interested in heirloom‐like bean that can be produced efficiently and economically.
Computational exploration of the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 7‐isopropylidenebenzonorbornadiene with nitrile oxide and cyclic nitrone derivatives
Authors: Baffour Pipim George , Tia Richard , Adei Evans 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of isoxazolidine and isoxazole derivatives, versatile building blocks for the construction of a wide range of complex heterocyclic architectures in synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry, is efficiently achieved via the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction (1,3‐DC). Herein, we report an extensive theoretical study on the peri‐, regio‐, stereo, and enantio‐selectivities of 1,3‐DC of 7‐isopropylidenebenzonorbornadiene with nitrile oxide and cyclic nitrone derivatives using density functional theory calculations. Acetophenone‐substituted nitrile oxide periselectively adds across the endocyclic olefinic bond of the dipolarophile to furnish the exo‐cycloadduct as the major product, a reaction that has a rate constant of 1.88 × 109 s−1. The endo approach of this periselective path is the closest competing pathway with a rate constant of 4.59 × 107 s−1. Different substituents on the nitrile oxide do not affect the peri‐ and stereo‐selectivity of the reaction. Diethyl ether solvation has no substantial effect on the energetic patterns observed in the gas phase computation. Also, we report a novel 1,3‐DC between cyclic nitrone derivatives and 7‐isopropylidenebenzonorbornadiene as an efficient way to generate isoxazolidine derivatives. Even though the reactions of the cyclic nitrone derivatives have slightly higher activation barriers than the acyclic nitrile oxide derivatives, the former is more enantioselective than the latter. Whereas electron‐donating groups (EDGs) on the cyclic nitrone favor the formation of the exo‐cycloadduct, electron‐withdrawing groups (EWGs) favor the formation of the endo‐cycloadduct. Both 1,3‐dipoles add across the dipolarophile via a concerted asynchronous mechanism.
First‐principles calculations to investigate structural stabilities, mechanical and optoelectronic properties of NbCoSn and NbFeSb half‐Heusler compounds
Authors: Zerrouki Tayeb , Rached Habib , Rached Djamel , Caid Messaoud , Cheref Oualid , Rabah Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study by means of the full potential linear muffin‐tin orbital method within generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA + U approach the various physical properties of the NbCoSn and NbFeSb half‐Heusler compounds. The equilibrium ground states properties were calculated and compared with available experimental and theoretical data. The elastic constants have been calculated, and revealed that our compounds are mechanically stable. The obtained elastic modulus divulged that our compounds are elastically anisotropic and categorizing them as brittle compounds. The GGA approach showed a semi‐conductor nature. However, the GGA + U approach showed a significant improvement over other theoretical work. We remarked from the band structures that the two materials showed a p‐type semiconductor, with relatively high power factors. Furthermore, the optical quantities are calculated and discussed in detail. Hence, by our findings, the studied compounds could be used for thermoelectric and optoelectronic applications.
Charge Transfer Parameters, Correlative Perturbation Potential with Non‐Linear Optical Properties of Bi‐Heterocyclic Dyes Having TCF Acceptor‐ DFT Approach
Authors: Ghanavatkar Chaitannya W. , Mishra Virendra R. , Sekar Nagaiyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe have designed ten molecules having “donor‐π‐acceptor system”. Coumarin and carbazole connected to tricyanofuran acceptor unit are selected to study their “ground state” structural and NLO properties. Six functionals with five solvents are used to obtain vertical excitation and hyperpolarizabilities. “Amplitude of sine‐shaped potential” decreases with increase in conjugation chain and solvent polarity. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEPS), bond length alteration (BLA), quinoid character (δr) showed intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). HOMO‐LUMO depends on donor strength and solvent environment. N‐Alkyl substituted donors showed red shifted vertical excitations, higher dipole moments and higher hyperpolarizabilities. Perturbation potential have correlation with BLA, quinoid character, hyperpolarizabilities and hyperhardness. Using DFT, NLO parameters such as‐(β0) and (γ) are calculated with six different functionals‐ including global hybrid (GH) and range separated hybrid (RSH) (B3LYP, BHandHLYP, CAM‐B3LYP, ωB97, ωB97X, and ωB97X‐D). Higher (β0) 213×10−30(esu) and (γ) 791×10−30(esu) obtained using B3LYP functional for NCou 1. Standard deviation and mean absolute error calculated to check usefulness of functional. DFT descriptors, chemical potential (μ), chemical hardness (η), electrophilicity index (ω) and hyperhardness are produced. DFT descriptors are correlated with calculated NLO parameters.
Antimony(III) Iodide Complexes with Pyridine: Structures and bonding via three pnictogen bonds
Authors: Pomogaeva Anna V. , Khoroshilova Olesya V. , Davydova Elena I. , Suslonov Vitalii V. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolid state structures of five new molecular complexes of SbI3 with Py have been determined by single crystal X‐ray structural analysis. In all complexes, all antimony atoms adopt a pseudo‐octahedral coordination geometry, which is completed by additional Sb⋅⋅⋅I contacts shorter than sum of van der Waals radii, with I−Sb⋅⋅⋅I angles close to 180°. Analysis of the electrostatic potentials, the orbital interactions and topological analysis indicate that these contacts are due to the presence of Sb⋅⋅⋅I pnictogen bonds. The first example of three pnictogen bonds of SbI3 is reported.
An interface-enriched generalized finite element method for level set-based topology optimization
Authors: van den Boom S. J. , Zhang J. , van Keulen F. , Aragón A. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDuring design optimization, a smooth description of the geometry is important, especially for problems that are sensitive to the way interfaces are resolved, e.g., wave propagation or fluid-structure interaction. A level set description of the boundary, when combined with an enriched finite element formulation, offers a smoother description of the design than traditional density-based methods. However, existing enriched methods have drawbacks, including ill-conditioning and difficulties in prescribing essential boundary conditions. In this work, we introduce a new enriched topology optimization methodology that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks; boundaries are resolved accurately by means of the Interface-enriched Generalized Finite Element Method (IGFEM), coupled to a level set function constructed by radial basis functions. The enriched method used in this new approach to topology optimization has the same level of accuracy in the analysis as the standard finite element method with matching meshes, but without the need for remeshing. We derive the analytical sensitivities and we discuss the behavior of the optimization process in detail. We establish that IGFEM-based level set topology optimization generates correct topologies for well-known compliance minimization problems.
Vertebral disk morphology of the lumbar spine: a retrospective analysis of collagen-sensitive mapping using dual-energy computed tomography
Authors: Schömig Friederike , Pumberger Matthias , Palmowski Yannick , Ditges Ann-Kathrin , Diekhoff Torsten , Göhler Friedemann 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of collagen-sensitive maps derived from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the detection of lumbar disk pathologies in a feasibility setting.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and DECT datasets acquired in patients who underwent periradicular therapy of the lumbar spine from June to December 2019. Three readers scored DECT collagen maps, conventional CT, and MRI for presence, type, and extent of disk pathology. Contingency table analyses were performed to determine diagnostic accuracy using MRI as standard of reference. Interrater agreement within and between imaging modalities was evaluated by computing intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Cohen’s kappa. Correlation between sum scores of anteroposterior disk displacement was determined by calculation of a paired t test.

Results
In 21 disks in 13 patients, DECT had a sensitivity of 0.87 (0.60–0.98) and specificity of 1.00 (0.54–1.00) for the detection of disk pathology. Intermodality agreement for anteroposterior disk displacement was excellent for DECT (ICC 0.963 [0.909–0.985]) and superior to CT (ICC 0.876 [0.691–0.95]). For anteroposterior disk displacement, DECT also showed greater within-modality interrater agreement (ICC 0.820 [0.666–0.916]) compared with CT (ICC 0.624 [0.39–0.808]).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that collagen-sensitive imaging has an added benefit, allowing more accurate evaluation of the extent of disk displacement with higher interrater reliability. Thus, DECT could provide useful diagnostic information in patients undergoing CT for other indications or with contraindications to MRI.
EANM/SNMMI practice guideline for [18F]FDG PET/CT external beam radiotherapy treatment planning in uterine cervical cancer v1.0
Authors: Adam Judit A. , Loft Annika , Chargari Cyrus , Delgado Bolton Roberto C. , Kidd Elisabeth , Schöder Heiko , Veit-Haibach Patrick , Vogel Wouter V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this EANM / SNMMI Practice Guideline with ESTRO endorsement is to provide general information and specific considerations about [18F]FDG PET/CT in advanced uterine cervical cancer for external beam radiotherapy planning with emphasis on staging and target definition, mostly in FIGO stages IB3-IVA and IVB, treated with curative intention.

Methods
Guidelines from related fields, relevant literature and leading experts have been consulted during the development of this guideline. As this field is rapidly evolving, this guideline cannot be seen as definitive, nor is it a summary of all existing protocols. Local variations should be taken into consideration when applying this guideline.

Conclusion
The background, common clinical indications, qualifications and responsibilities of personnel, procedure / specifications of the examination, documentation / reporting and equipment specifications, quality control and radiation safety in imaging is discussed with an emphasis on the multidisciplinary approach.
Variables affecting patellar height in patients undergoing primary total knee replacement
Authors: Salem Khaled Hamed , Sheth Miten Rajendra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlteration of patellar height is commonly encountered in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and failure to address patella baja can result in suboptimal functional outcomes. It may therefore be prudent to evaluate pre-operative patellar height (PPH) and to seek risk factors for patella baja.MethodsTwo hundred eighty-five patients who underwent TKA were included. Patient’s age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and history of prior arthroscopy were recorded. PPH was measured using plateau-patella angle (PPA) as well as the Blackburn-Peel (BP), Caton-Deschamps (CD), and Insall-Salvati (IS) ratios.ResultsThe average patients’ age was 71 years with a mean BMI of 30.45. There were 191 female and 94 male patients. One-fourth of the cases had at least one prior knee arthroscopy. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified gender and BMI as variables significantly affecting the IS ratio (p: < 0.05). Gender also had a significant correlation with PPA. Male patients were likely to have lower PPA (p: < 0.03). Though increasing age had a positive correlation with patellar height, this was not statistically significant. History of prior arthroscopy had no significant effect on any of the four PPH measurements.ConclusionLower patellar height is significantly correlated to male gender and high BMI. We suggest that obese male patients be screened for pre-operative patella baja. This can help in surgical planning and optimizing results in TKA.
Radiomics of high-resolution computed tomography for the differentiation between cholesteatoma and middle ear inflammation: effects of post-reconstruction methods in a dual-center study
Authors: Arendt Christophe T. , Leithner Doris , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Gibbs Peter , Czerny Christian , Arnoldner Christoph , Burck Iris , Leinung Martin , Tanyildizi Yasemin , Lenga Lukas , Martin Simon S. , Vogl Thomas J. , Schernthaner Ruediger E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the performance of radiomic features extracted from high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for the differentiation between cholesteatoma and middle ear inflammation (MEI), and to investigate the impact of post-reconstruction harmonization and data resampling.

Methods
One hundred patients were included in this retrospective dual-center study: 48 with histology-proven cholesteatoma (center A: 23; center B: 25) and 52 with MEI (A: 27; B: 25). Radiomic features (co-occurrence and run-length matrix, absolute gradient, autoregressive model, Haar wavelet transform) were extracted from manually defined 2D-ROIs. The ten best features for lesion differentiation were selected using probability of error and average correlation coefficients. A multi-layer perceptron feed-forward artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) was used for radiomics-based classification, with histopathology serving as the reference standard (70% of cases for training, 30% for validation). The analysis was performed five times each on (a) unmodified data and on data that were (b) resampled to the same matrix size, and (c) corrected for acquisition protocol differences using ComBat harmonization.

Results
Using unmodified data, the MLP-ANN classification yielded an overall median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.78 (0.72–0.84). Using original data from center A and resampled data from center B, an overall median AUC of 0.88 (0.82–0.99) was yielded, while using ComBat harmonized data, an overall median AUC of 0.89 (0.79–0.92) was revealed.

Conclusion
Radiomic features extracted from HRCT differentiate between cholesteatoma and MEI. When using multi-centric data obtained with differences in CT acquisition parameters, data resampling and ComBat post-reconstruction harmonization clearly improve radiomics-based lesion classification.

Key Points
• Unenhanced high-resolution CT coupled with radiomics analysis may be useful for the differentiation between cholesteatoma and middle ear inflammation.
• Pooling of data extracted from inhomogeneous CT datasets does not appear meaningful without further post-processing.
• When using multi-centric CT data obtained with differences in acquisition parameters, post-reconstruction harmonization and data resampling clearly improve radiomics-based soft-tissue differentiation.