bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of encapsulated Nigella sativa seed oil
Authors: Makouie Sina , Alizadeh Mohammad , Maleki Omid , Khosrowshahi Asghar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present reports on the microencapsulation of Nigella sativa seed oil (NSO) by freeze‐drying via whey protein isolate (WPI), Arabic gum (AG) and Zedo gum (ZG) mixture aimed at producing the optimum sample. The desirability function results showed that the mixture of 27.36% WPI, 32.64% AG without ZG and 40% oil resulted in the production of the optimum sample with minimum Z‐average, PDI, and a* and maximum zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and b*. The findings demonstrated that lower particle size and particle dispersion index were obtained at higher amounts of AG and WPI with the least a*. The structural and morphological characteristics of the optimum sample were featured by FT‐IR and SEM analyses. The C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2 were the main fatty acids in the NSO. Despite the oxidative stability of encapsulated NSO descended after 6 days at 70°C, the peroxide and p‐anisidine values were in acceptable range after freeze‐drying.
A two‐dimensional analytical model for organic contaminant transport in cutoff wall and aquifer system
Authors: Yan Huaxiang , Xie Haijian , Wang Shaoyi , Zheng Zijing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCutoff walls are widely used as in‐situ geoenvironmental barriers to isolate the contaminants caused by landfill leakage, chemical storage tank accidents, and mining activities. A two‐dimensional analytical solution is developed to investigate the behavior of organic chemical transport in cutoff wall and aquifer. The method of Laplace transforms and finite Fourier cosine transform is adopted to derive the solution for a finite domain. The proposed analytical solutions are verified by the numerical approach. The effects of contaminant source distribution, aquifer scale, direction of flow rate, degradation, adsorption, and thickness of cutoff wall were investigated. The investigation of non‐uniformly distribution of contamination sources indicates that the 1‐D models lead to a more conservative result compared to the 2‐D models. Biodegradation will be a dominant process and significantly enhance the performances of the barrier system when the half‐life of contaminant is less than 4 years. Furthermore, the effect of dimension on breakthrough time can be augmented with the increase of distribution coefficient.
Influence of a spectral cumulus parametrization on simulating global tropical cyclone activity in an AGCM
Authors: Baba Yuya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe influence of a new spectral cumulus parametrization (the spectral scheme) on simulating global tropical cyclone (TC) activity in an Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) is investigated. Experiments are performed using AFES (AGCM for the Earth Simulator) and two different convection schemes – the original convection scheme of the AGCM (the Emanuel scheme) and the spectral scheme. The result shows that the both schemes can capture qualitative features of global TC activity in terms of climatology, variability, and intensity. However, the spectral scheme simulates TC genesis and track density better than the original convection scheme by improving the cold bias in the upper troposphere. The spectral scheme also provides better results for TC response to interannual variability (i.e., El Niño Southern Oscillation, ENSO) by suppressing excessive convection response to ENSO. The spectral scheme is capable of simulating the variability of TC genesis related to the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) much better than the original convection scheme. Consequently, the spectral scheme can outperform the original convection scheme in simulating global TC activity from various perspectives, and thus the scheme is expected to be useful for TC prediction and future projections.
Effective Recovery Process of Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards Utilizing Recycling of Leachate
Authors: Rajahalme Joona , Perämäki Siiri , Budhathoki Roshan , Väisänen Ari 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study presents an optimized leaching and electrowinning process for the recovery of copper from waste printed circuit boards including studies of chemical consumption and recirculation of leachate. Optimization of leaching was performed using response surface methodology in diluted sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide media. Optimum leaching conditions for copper were found by using 3.6 mol L−1 sulfuric acid, 6 vol.% hydrogen peroxide, pulp density of 75 g L−1 with 186 min leaching time at 20°C resulting in complete leaching of copper followed by over 92% recovery and purity of 99.9% in the electrowinning. Study of chemical consumption showed total decomposition of hydrogen peroxide during leaching, while changes in sulfuric acid concentration were minor. During recirculation of the leachate with up to 5 cycles, copper recovery and product purity remained at high levels while acid consumption was reduced by 60%.
Impact of Storage Method on the Chemical and Physical Properties of Poplar Wood from Short-Rotation Coppice Stored for a Period of 9 Months
Authors: Günther Björn , Starke Nicole , Meurer Armin , Bues C.-T. , Fischer Steffen , Bremer Martina , Freese Maren 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn addition to the use as biofuel, the utilization of poplar wood as a raw material from short-rotation coppice (SRC) became increasingly important in recent years. Because poplar SRCs are harvested during dormant season, wood storage is of particular importance to guarantee wood processing industries a continuous wood supply. The study focuses on the change of physical and chemical properties of poplar wood by the application of different storage strategies over a 9-month period. Therefore, a total amount of 60 m3test log piles were set up in 2018 for six different storage variants: compact piles, compact piles with water sprinkling and oxygen exclusion, each with logs in bark and debarked. The effects on wood moisture content, equilibrium moisture content and wood density (ρ0) and the changes in the chemical components lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and extracts were determined and evaluated. As expected, the wood moisture content changed in a wide range over the storage period, depending on the variant. The levels of equilibrium moisture (changes from − 4% to − 13.1%) as well as wood density (changes from − 2.61% to − 9.01%) decreased for all variants between start and end of storage. Changes in chemical composition were observed for all storage variants, which indicates microbial activity supporting the assumption that the observed mass loss is driven by wood decay. Overall, changes were more homogeneous for logs in compact piles compared to the other storage methods. Considering the weather conditions during the investigated period, the results indicate that storage in compact piles with debarked logs is the best method for the conservation of poplar wood from SRC.
A Flower-Shape Geometry and Nonlinear Problems on Strip-Like Domains
Authors: Devillanova Giuseppe , Molica Bisci Giovanni , Servadei Raffaella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, we show how to define suitable subgroups of the orthogonal group$${O}(d-m)$$O(d-m)related to the unbounded part of a strip-like domain$$\omega \times {\mathbb {R}}^{d-m}$$ω×Rd-mwith$$d\ge m+2$$d≥m+2, in order to get “mutually disjoint” nontrivial subspaces of partially symmetric functions of$$H^1_0(\omega \times {\mathbb {R}}^{d-m})$$H01(ω×Rd-m)which are compactly embedded in the associated Lebesgue spaces. As an application of the introduced geometrical structure, we prove (existence and) multiplicity results for semilinear elliptic problems set in a strip-like domain, in the presence of a nonlinearity which either satisfies the classical Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition or has a sublinear growth at infinity. The main theorems of this paper may be seen as an extension of existence and multiplicity results, already appeared in the literature, for nonlinear problems set in the entire space$${\mathbb {R}}^d$$Rd, as for instance, the ones due to Bartsch and Willem. The techniques used here are new.
Ready or Not, AI Comes— An Interview Study of Organizational AI Readiness Factors
Authors: Jöhnk Jan , Weißert Malte , Wyrtki Katrin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) offers organizations much potential. Considering the manifold application areas, AI’s inherent complexity, and new organizational necessities, companies encounter pitfalls when adopting AI. An informed decision regarding an organization’s readiness increases the probability of successful AI adoption and is important to successfully leverage AI’s business value. Thus, companies need to assess whether their assets, capabilities, and commitment are ready for the individual AI adoption purpose. Research on AI readiness and AI adoption is still in its infancy. Consequently, researchers and practitioners lack guidance on the adoption of AI. The paper presents five categories of AI readiness factors and their illustrative actionable indicators. The AI readiness factors are deduced from an in-depth interview study with 25 AI experts and triangulated with both scientific and practitioner literature. Thus, the paper provides a sound set of organizational AI readiness factors, derives corresponding indicators for AI readiness assessments, and discusses the general implications for AI adoption. This is a first step toward conceptualizing relevant organizational AI readiness factors and guiding purposeful decisions in the entire AI adoption process for both research and practice.
Improving Zinc Recovery from Steelmaking Dust by Switching from Conventional Heating to Microwave Heating
Authors: Omran Mamdouh , Fabritius Timo , Yu Yaowei , Heikkinen Eetu-Pekka , Chen Guo , Kacar Yilmaz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently, microwave energy has attracted increasing interest for accelerating thermal reactions. This study investigated the impact of microwave heating on the zinc recovery rate from electric arc furnace (EAF) and chromium converter (CRC) dusts. The results indicated that microwave heating required a lower temperature to recover zinc from EAF and CRC dusts compared with that in conventional thermal heating. For CRC dust, zinc recovery rates of 37.84% and 97.43% were obtained with conventional and microwave heating, respectively, at 850 °C. For EAF dust, zinc recovery rates of 79.88% and 98.20% were obtained with conventional and microwave heating, respectively, at 850 °C. The improved zinc recovery in this study was concluded to results from the rapidity of microwave heating and the interactions between the electromagnetic microwave field and the molecules of heated materials.

Graphical Abstract
Western Political Rhetoric and Radicalization
Authors: O'Brochta William , Tavits Margit , Aksoy Deniz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDoes anti-Muslim rhetoric by Western politicians breed radical attitudes among European Muslims? This article explores this question by conducting an experimental study in Bosnia – a European democracy, where, unlike the rest of Europe, Muslims are neither immigrants nor socio-economically disadvantaged. This helps clearly identify the radicalization potential of Western rhetoric alone, absent contextual factors such as social inferiority. Experimental evidence with Bosnian Muslims from five surveys (with a total of 2,608 participants) suggests that rhetorical attacks on Islam by Western politicians do not strengthen individuals' Muslim identity, cause higher levels of animosity toward the West or lead to condoning the use of violence. The study also finds that pro-Muslim rhetoric, while increasing positive views of the West, does not affect individuals' strength of Muslim identity or their radical sympathies. These results have important implications for the sources of radicalization and efforts to curb radical tendencies.
How Should We Categorize Approaches to the History of Political Thought?
Authors: Blau Adrian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a new framework for categorizing approaches to the history of political thought. Previous categorizations exclude much research; political theory, if included, is often caricatured. And previous categorizations are one-dimensional, presenting different approaches as alternatives. My framework is two-dimensional, distinguishing six kinds of end (two empirical, four theoretical) and six kinds of means. Importantly, these choices arenotalternatives: studies may have more than one end and typically use several means. Studies with different ends often use some of the same means. And all studies straddle the supposed empirical/theoretical “divide.” Quentin Skinner himself expertly combines empirical and theoretical analysis—yet the latter is often overlooked, not least because of Skinner's own methodological pronouncements. This highlights a curious disjuncture in methodological writings, between what they say we do, and what we should do. What we should do is much broader than existing categorizations imply.
Girls and their families in an era of economic change
Authors: Humphries Jane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe paper uses autobiographical accounts by 227 working women alongside a larger sample of men's life stories to compare girls’ and boys’ experiences of first jobs, schooling and family life in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It asks whether girls were disadvantaged in seizing the opportunities and fending off the threats to wellbeing occasioned by economic change. Girls were more likely than boys to experience sexual harassment and this constrained the ways in which they could earn a living and live their lives. Fathers as breadwinners merited respect and often affection, but it was mothers with whom girls identified.
Disorganized attachment in adolescence: Emotional and physiological dysregulation during the Friends and Family Interview and a conflict interaction
Authors: Decarli Alessandro , Pierrehumbert Blaise , Schulz André , Schaan Violetta Katharina , Vögele Claus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current study examined the effects of attachment on autonomy, relatedness, and emotion regulation during an attachment interview (Friends and Family Interview; FFI) and a Parent×Child Conflict interaction (Family Interaction Task; FIT) in 49 adolescents (11 to 17 years old). Disorganized adolescents displayed behaviors promoting autonomy and relatedness less frequently and at a lower extent than organized ones in the FIT with mothers but not with fathers. Disorganized adolescents also showed a steeper decrease in heart rate variability (HRV) than organized ones, during both the FFI and the FITs. Moreover, disorganized adolescents responded with a more marked increase in skin conductance level to the FIT with mothers than organized individuals. Dismissing adolescents showed behaviors promoting autonomy and relatedness less frequently and to a lesser extent than secure ones, while displaying more often behaviors undermining autonomy and relatedness in the FITs. Dismissing adolescents also showed a more pronounced decrease in HRV during the FFI than secure and preoccupied individuals; no differences were found between these groups in HRV during the FITs. The results suggest that disorganized adolescents had more difficulties in regulating their emotions during both the FFI and the FITs, whereas dismissing individuals seemed effectively challenged only during the interview.
Mutual synergies between reactive and active inhibitory systems of temperament in the development of children's disruptive behavior: Two longitudinal studies
Authors: An Danming , Kochanska Grazyna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndividual differences in two inhibitory temperament systems have been implicated as key in the development of early disruptive behaviors. The reactive inhibition system, behavioral inhibition (BI) entails fearfulness, shyness, timidity, and caution. The active inhibition system, or effortful control (EC) entails a capacity to deliberately suppress, modify, or regulate a predominant behavior. Lower scores in each system have been associated with more disruptive behaviors. We examined how the two systems interact, and whether one can alleviate or exacerbate risks due to the other. In two community samples (Study 1,N= 112, ages 2.5 to 4, and Study 2,N= 102, ages 2 to 6.5), we assessed early BI and EC, and future disruptive behaviors (observed disregard for rules in Study 1 and parent-rated externalizing problems in Study 2). Robustly replicated interactions revealed that for children with low BI (relatively fearless), better EC was associated with less disruptive behavior; for children with low EC, more BI was associated with less disruptive behavior. This research extends the investigation of Temperament × Temperament interactions in developmental psychology and psychopathology, and it suggests that reactive and active inhibition systems may play mutually compensatory roles. Those effects emerged after age 2.
Sex Differences Concerning Prosocial Behavior in Social Dilemmas Are (Partially) Mediated by Risk Preferences But Not Social Preferences
Authors: Dorrough Angela R. , Glöckner Andreas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Previous results on the prosociality of men and women in social dilemmas are mixed. Studies find more prosocial behavior for men and women; and a meta-analysis ( Balliet et al., 2011 ) reports an overall null effect. Including samples ( N = 1,903) from 10 countries that vary concerning gender inequality (e.g., China, Colombia, Sweden), we investigated sex differences in social dilemmas and drivers of these potential differences. We found that men behaved more prosocially, in that they transferred more of their endowment to their interaction partner. This sex difference was descriptively observed for all countries and was partially mediated by differences in risk but not social preferences. Gender inequality did not predict the difference in magnitude of sex differences between countries.
A low complexity user scheduling algorithm aimed for the maximum number of active users in NOMA system
Authors: Liu Chengyi , Chen Geng , Xing Song 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUser scheduling algorithms in non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) have attracted much attention to improve the performance of the communication system. Here, a low complexity user scheduling algorithm aimed for the maximum number of active users in the single NOMA cluster ensuring the individual minimum rate requirement is proposed. Based on the precondition of the maximisation of the number of active users, the maximum sum‐rate strategy is further integrated into the algorithm to compose a multi‐round user scheduling algorithm. Moreover, a computational‐complexity reduction algorithm is also introduced and has proved to be conveniently used in practical operation. Simulation results have shown that, compared with other existing user scheduling algorithms, the proposed user scheduling algorithms can achieve the maximum number of active users while ensuring their individual minimum rate requirements, and significantly improve the performance of the sum‐rate among the cases when the maximum number of active users is achieved. Furthermore, the proposed multi‐round and computational‐complexity reduction user scheduling algorithms have shown better performance than the exhaustive search in terms of the computational complexity.
Secrecy performance of diffusion based molecular timing channels
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Singh Ajay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotivated by the study of security issues in molecular communication, this paper addresses the problem of secure communication in a bio‐inspired field where confidentiality of the information is of significant importance. The new metrics are used for the secrecy analysis where eavesdropper's decodability of confidential message and amount of information leakage is taken into account, which is not considered using conventional secrecy outage probability. A diffusion‐based molecular communication system is considered where the information to be transmitted is the time of release of the molecules. Typically in the existing literature in molecular timing channels, the position of the eavesdropper is known, which is usually an unpractical assumption. If no information about eavesdropper is known, it could be located at any distance with probability distribution be assumed to be uniform and Gaussian. In this paper, the closed‐form expressions for the eavesdropper capacity, generalised secrecy outage probability, average fractional equivocation and average information leakage rate have been obtained when the eavesdropper is located at a random distance from the transmitter.
A general achievable rate region and two certain capacity regions for Slepian–Wolf multiple‐access relay channel with non‐causal side information at one encoder
Authors: Etminan Jalil , Mohanna Farahnaz , Hodtani Ghosheh Abed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo‐user multiple‐access relay channel (MARC) with side information (SI) non‐causally known at one encoder is studied, where transmitters send a common message with rate R0, and private messages with rates R1 and R2; and derive a general achievable rate region by appropriately using superposition block Markov encoding, binning scheme, Gel'fand–Pinsker (GP) coding and partial decode‐forward (PDF) strategy at the relay. Also, it is shown that this capacity inner bound can be tight for two special classes of degraded and reversely degraded multiple‐access relay channels with one informed encoder. In order for the theoretical findings to be potentially applicable in communications performance metrics evaluations, the obtained general achievable rate region, while having all of the previous works on the point to point, relay and multiple access channels with and without SI as its special cases, is extended to the corresponding Gaussian version, the dirty paper coding of which has been a challenging and widely studied problem, and the result of which includes a variety of previously studied important Gaussian results. Finally, mathematical results are evaluated numerically.
Discourse markers and brain lateralization
Authors: Haselow Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter contributes to recent lines of
research proposing right-hemisphere dominance of discourse-related
language tasks using neurolinguistic data on the incidence of
discourse markers in the speech of unilaterally brain-damaged
speakers (left- and right-hemispheric damage) compared to data
produced by control (unimpaired) speakers. From a more general
language-theoretic perspective these data will serve as the basis
for the exploration of processing differences between two domains of
language structure, one encompassing grammar and semantics, the
other one the organization of discourse and interaction, which has
important implications for linguistic modeling.
The rise of cause/reason adverbial markers in Yaqui
(Uto-Aztecan)
Authors: Álvarez González Albert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with three different connectives (betchi’ibo, bwe’ituk, po(r)ke) in Yaqui, which
are used to introduce a clause that provides the cause/reason for
which the situation denoted in the associated clause is carried out.
The goal of this paper is to describe the morphosyntactic diversity present in Yaqui
cause/reason adverbial clauses and to explain this diversity
considering the evolutionary paths that have originated the three
different cause/reason markers in Yaqui. These three markers are
associated with three different sources: betchi’ibo originates from a postpositional
marker that extended its use from noun phrases to clausal
constituents; bwe’ituk comes from discourse
via the recruitment of a discourse marker of discontinuity (the
discourse marker bwe); and
po(r)ke arises from language contact with
Spanish.