bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta-analysis on Bolton’s ratios: Normal occlusion and malocclusion
Authors: Machado Vanessa , Botelho João , Mascarenhas Paulo , Mendes José João , Delgado Ana 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to seek and summarise the Bolton overall index (OI) and anterior index (AI) regarding normal occlusion and Angle’s malocclusion according to gender, and to assess if these indices support Bolton’s standards as general references. Methods: PubMed, LILACS, Embase, CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases were searched up to June 2019 (CRD42018088438). Non-randomised clinical studies, published in English and assessing Bolton’s OI and/or AI in normal occlusion and Angle’s malocclusion groups, were included. OI and AI means, sample size and SDs were collected. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias. Pairwise random-effects and multilevel Bayesian network meta-analyses were used to synthesise available data. Results: Fifty-three observational studies were included (11,411 participants; 3746 men, 4430 women; 15 studies lacked gender information). For normal occlusion, pooled estimates for OI and AI means were 91.78% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 91.42–92.14; I2 = 92.87%) and 78.25% (95% CI = 77.87–78.62; I2 = 90.67%), respectively. We could identify in Angle’s Class III patients meaningful OI and AI mean deviations from normal occlusion (0.76, 95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.55–0.98 and 0.61, 95% CrI = 0.35–0.87, respectively), while in Class II patients we found a meaningful mean deviation from normal occlusion only for OI (−0.28, 95% CrI = −0.52–−0.05). Concerning gender impact, male patients presented higher OI (0.30, 95% CI = 0.00–0.59) and AI (0.41, 95% CI = 0.00–0.83) mean values than female patients in Class I. Conclusion: Normal occlusion OI and AI mean values differ from Bolton’s original values. Class II division 2, for OI mean values, and Class III, for both OI and AI, are proportionally larger than normal occlusion patients. Gender had almost no impact on teeth mesiodistal proportion.
Implementation of an experiential learning strategy to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adult patients
Authors: Michelángelo Hernán , Angriman Federico , Pizarro Rodolfo , Bauque Susana , Kecskes Claudia , Staneloni Inés , García David , Espínola Fidencia , Mazer Gustavo , Ferrari Cristina 
Published: November 2019

Objective We evaluated the impact of an experiential learning strategy on both the adherence to the use of bundles and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adult patients. Methods Longitudinal, quasi-experimental interrupted time-series study in a tertiary teaching hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Successive measurements were made before and after the intervention was implemented between January 2016 and December 2018. Our main exposure was experiential learning, which was based on a combination of play activities, simulation models, knowledge and attitude competencies, role-playing and feedback. The adherence to the bundle for the care of mechanically ventilated critically-ill adult patients and the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia were the main outcomes of interest. We used generalized linear models including time as a linear spline to estimate the effect of the experiential learning strategy both on the adherence to the bundle of care and the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia during long-term follow-up. Results The overall proportion of adequate bundle use before and after the implementation of the intervention was 60.8% (95% CI: 56.9–64.7) and 85.6% (95% CI: 81.2–90.1), respectively. The incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia before and after the intervention was 6.11 (95% CI: 5.82–6.40) and 3.55 (95% CI: 2.96–4.14) every 1000 days of mechanical ventilation, respectively. The estimated baseline monthly change in the adherence to the mechanical ventilation bundle was 0.4% (95%CI: −0.3–1.2%, p = 0.31) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.2–2.2%, p < 0.01) before and after the implementation of the intervention, respectively. These results were consistent across our statistical quality control analysis. Conclusions The implementation of experiential learning strategies improves the adherence to bundles in the care of mechanically ventilated critically ill adult patients. Such strategies also decrease the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Both effects appear to remain constant during long-term follow-up.
Current concepts in elbow fracture dislocation
Authors: Watts Adam C , Singh Jagwant , Elvey Michael , Hamoodi Zaid 
Published: November 2019

Background Elbow fracture dislocations are complex injuries that can provide a challenge for experienced surgeons. Current classifications fail to provide a comprehensive system that encompasses all of the elements and patterns seen in elbow fracture dislocations. Methods The commonly used elbow fracture dislocation classifications are reviewed and the three-column concept of elbow fracture dislocation is described. This concept is applied to the currently recognised injury patterns and the literature on management algorithms. Results Current elbow fracture dislocation classification systems only describe one element of the injury, or only include one pattern of elbow fracture dislocation. A new comprehensive classification system based on the three-column concept of elbow fracture dislocation is presented with a suggested algorithm for managing each injury pattern. Discussion The three-column concept may improve understanding of injury patterns and treatment and leads to a comprehensive classification of elbow fracture dislocations with algorithms to guide treatment.
The effectiveness and safety of full-dose versus half-dose corticosteroid plus renin-angiotensin system blockers for IgA nephropathy
Authors: Wang Li , Ren Daijin , Huang Tianlun , Liu Xin , Xu Gaosi 
Published: November 2019

Background: Observational studies suggest that patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) showed good responses to corticosteroids (CS) but experienced severe adverse effects. The authors conducted a cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of half-dose CS plus renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASB) (CS + RASB) versus full-dose CS in IgAN patients. Methods: A total of 162 kidney biopsy-confirmed IgAN patients with protein excretion levels ⩾0.75 g/d and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 ml/min/1.73 m2 were included. A total of 89 patients received half-dose CS + RASB (half CS + RASB), and 73 patients received full-dose CS (full CS). The primary outcomes were the complete remission rates and incidence of adverse events (AEs). The secondary outcomes included 24 h urinary protein (UP) levels and a combined event. Results: Over the 18 months follow-up, the complete remission rates were 59% (53/89 patients) and 57% (42/73 patients) in the half CS + RASB and full CS groups ( p = 0.88), respectively. A total of five patients suffered from serious AEs (SAEs) in the full CS group during the observation period, and no SAEs were observed in the half CS + RASB group ( p = 0.012). The incidences of total AEs ( p = 0.003) and infections ( p = 0.01) were lower in the half CS + RASB group than in the full CS group. Conclusions: Although half CS + RASB versus full CS did not differ in terms of reducing proteinuria, therapy with half CS + RASB resulted in fewer AEs in the IgAN patients.
Preoperative visual acuity of cataract patients at a tertiary hospital in sub-Saharan Africa: a 10-year review
Authors: Ugalahi Mary O. , Uchendu Obioma C. , Ugalahi Linda O. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To determine the preoperative visual acuity of cataract patients over a 10-year period in a tertiary facility as a means of auditing the cataract surgical services. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with age-related cataracts who had cataract surgery performed between January 2007 and December 2016 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Systematic random sampling and probability proportionate to size were used to recruit a representative sample. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, preoperative visual acuity, ocular and systemic comorbidities were retrieved and analysed. Results: Of the 499 patients studied, males were 268 (53.7%) and their mean age was 67.69 (±9.51) years. The predominant visual acuity was hand motion 184 (36.9%) and yearly mean preoperative visual acuity was in the range of 0.0037–0.04 decimal. Conclusion: The mean preoperative visual acuity of patients in this facility did not change over the 10-year study period. Mean value of preoperative visual acuity remained within the range of blindness and did not improve over the decade. This could either be a reflection of visual impairment at which our patients seek care or an indication of the range of visual acuities at which surgeons are willing to offer cataract surgery in our environment. This trend has negative implications on the burden of cataract blindness as it reflects poor coverage of surgery for other levels of visual impairment due to cataract.
Learning from beautiful monsters: phylogenetic and morphogenetic implications of left-right asymmetry in ammonoid shells
Authors: Jattiot Romain , Fara Emmanuel , Brayard Arnaud , Urdy Séverine , Goudemand Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany pathologies that modify the shell geometry and ornamentation of ammonoids are known from the fossil record. Since they may reflect the developmental response of the organism to a perturbation (usually a sublethal injury), their study is essential for exploring the developmental mechanisms of these extinct animals. Ammonoid pathologies are also useful to assess the value of some morphological characters used in taxonomy, as well as to improve phylogenetic reconstructions and evolutionary scenarios.ResultsWe report on the discovery of an enigmatic pathological middle Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) ammonoid specimen from southern France, characterized by a pronounced left-right asymmetry in both ornamentation and suture lines. For each side independently, the taxonomic interpretations of ornamentation and suture lines are congruent, suggesting aHildoceras semipolitumspecies assignment for the left side and aBrodieia primariaspecies assignment for the right side. The former exhibits a lateral groove whereas the second displays sinuous ribs. This specimen, together with the few analogous cases reported in the literature, lead us to erect a new forma-type pathology herein called “forma janusa” for specimens displaying a left-right asymmetry in the absence of any clear evidence of injury or parasitism, whereby the two sides match with the regular morphology of two distinct, known species.ConclusionsSince “forma janusa” specimens reflect the underlying developmental plasticity of the ammonoid taxa, we hypothesize that such specimens may also indicate unsuspected phylogenetic closeness between the two displayed taxa and may even reveal a direct ancestor-descendant relationship. This hypothesis is not, as yet, contradicted by the stratigraphical data at hand: in all studied cases the two distinct taxa correspond to contemporaneous or sub-contemporaneous taxa. More generally, the newly described specimen suggests that a hitherto unidentified developmental link may exist between sinuous ribs and lateral grooves. Overall, we recommend an integrative approach for revisiting aberrant individuals that illustrate the intricate links among shell morphogenesis, developmental plasticity and phylogeny.
Insight into genetic regulation of miRNA in mouse brain
Authors: Kordas Gordon , Rudra Pratyaydipta , Hendricks Audrey , Saba Laura , Kechris Katerina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundmicro RNA (miRNA) are important regulators of gene expression and may influence phenotypes and disease traits. The connection between genetics and miRNA expression can be determined through expression quantitative loci (eQTL) analysis, which has been extensively used in a variety of tissues, and in both human and model organisms. miRNA play an important role in brain-related diseases, but eQTL studies of miRNA in brain tissue are limited. We aim to catalog miRNA eQTL in brain tissue using miRNA expression measured on a recombinant inbred mouse panel. Because samples were collected without any intervention or treatment (naïve), the panel allows characterization of genetic influences on miRNAs’ expression levels.We used brain RNA expression levels of 881 miRNA and 1416 genomic locations to identify miRNA eQTL. To address multiple testing, we employed permutationp-values and subsequent zero permutation p-value correction. We also investigated the underlying biology of miRNA regulation using additional analyses, including hotspot analysis to search for regions controlling multiple miRNAs, and Bayesian network analysis to identify scenarios where a miRNA mediates the association between genotype and mRNA expression. We used addiction related phenotypes to illustrate the utility of our results.ResultsThirty-eight miRNA eQTL were identified after appropriate multiple testing corrections. Ten of these miRNAs had target genes enriched for brain-related pathways and mapped to four miRNA eQTL hotspots. Bayesian network analysis revealed four biological networks relating genetic variation, miRNA expression and gene expression.ConclusionsOur extensive evaluation of miRNA eQTL provides valuable insight into the role of miRNA regulation in brain tissue. Our miRNA eQTL analysis and extended statistical exploration identifies miRNA candidates in brain for future study.
Transcriptomic and evolutionary analysis of the mechanisms by which P. argentatum, a rubber producing perennial, responds to drought
Authors: Nelson Andrew D. L. , Ponciano Grisel , McMahan Colleen , Ilut Daniel C. , Pugh N. Ace , Elshikha Diaa Eldin , Hunsaker Douglas J. , Pauli Duke 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a drought tolerant, rubber producing perennial shrub native to northern Mexico and the US Southwest. Hevea brasiliensis, currently the world’s only source of natural rubber, is grown as a monoculture, leaving it vulnerable to both biotic and abiotic stressors. Isolation of rubber from guayule occurs by mechanical harvesting of the entire plant. It has been reported that environmental conditions leading up to harvest have a profound impact on rubber yield. The link between rubber biosynthesis and drought, a common environmental condition in guayule’s native habitat, is currently unclear.

Results
We took a transcriptomic and comparative genomic approach to determine how drought impacts rubber biosynthesis in guayule. We compared transcriptional profiles of stem tissue, the location of guayule rubber biosynthesis, collected from field-grown plants subjected to water-deficit (drought) and well-watered (control) conditions. Plants subjected to the imposed drought conditions displayed an increase in production of transcripts associated with defense responses and water homeostasis, and a decrease in transcripts associated with rubber biosynthesis. An evolutionary and comparative analysis of stress-response transcripts suggests that more anciently duplicated transcripts shared among the Asteraceae, rather than recently derived duplicates, are contributing to the drought response observed in guayule. In addition, we identified several deeply conserved long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) containing microRNA binding motifs. One lncRNA in particular, with origins at the base of Asteraceae, may be regulating the vegetative to reproductive transition observed in water-stressed guayule by acting as a miRNA sponge for miR166.

Conclusions
These data represent the first genomic analyses of how guayule responds to drought like conditions in agricultural production settings. We identified an inverse relationship between stress-responsive transcripts and those associated with precursor pathways to rubber biosynthesis suggesting a physiological trade-off between maintaining homeostasis and plant productivity. We also identify a number of regulators of abiotic responses, including transcription factors and lncRNAs, that are strong candidates for future projects aimed at modulating rubber biosynthesis under water-limiting conditions common to guayules’ native production environment.
Age group differences in association between IADL decline and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elderly
Authors: Kiyoshige Eri , Kabayama Mai , Gondo Yasuyuki , Masui Yukie , Inagaki Hiroki , Ogawa Madoka , Nakagawa Takeshi , Yasumoto Saori , Akasaka Hiroshi , Sugimoto Ken , Ikebe Kazunori , Arai Yasumichi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) is an indicator of whether a community-dwelling elderly can live independently. IADL decline was reported to be associated with aging and depression. The present study aimed to investigate whether the association between IADL decline and depressive symptoms differs with aging, using two age groups of community-dwelling Japanese elderly in their 70s and 80s.

Methods
We conducted longitudinal analysis among participants in their 70s and 80s at the baseline from Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. IADL was assessed by The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) index of competence. As a main predictor, depressive symptoms were measured by the five-item version of the Geriatrics Depression Scale (GDS-5). As possible confounders, we considered cognitive function, body mass index, solitary living, education, economic status, medical history of stroke and heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and sex. We obtained odds ratios (ORs) of IADL decline for having depressive symptoms in each age group (70s/80s) and tested interactions between depressive symptoms and age groups in relation to IADL decline in 3 years by logistic regression. Additionally, to confirm age group differences, we conducted multiple group analysis.

Results
There were 559 participants in their 70s and 519 in their 80s. Compared to participants without depressive symptoms, those with depressive symptoms had higher OR of IADL decline in 70s (OR [95% CI] = 2.33 [1.13, 4.78]), but not in 80s (OR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.46, 1.53]). There were significant interactions between depressive symptoms and age groups in relation to IADL decline (p-value = 0.03). Multiple group analyses showed differences between the age groups by Akaike information criterion (AIC), and ORs (95%CI) decline for depressive symptoms was 2.33 (1.14, 4.77) in 70s and 0.85 (0.47, 1.54) in 80s.

Conclusion
The association of depressive symptoms and IADL decline during the 3 years was significantly different between the 70s and 80s age groups, and significant association was found only in people in their 70s. Detecting depressive symptoms may be a key for preventing IADL decline in people in their 70s and not for those in their 80s.
Optimizing renal replacement therapy for patients who need extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: cross-talk between two organ support machines
Authors: Kashani Kianoush , Ostermann Marlies 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Following a substantial increase in the utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during the last decade, its associated benefits and complications, including acute kidney injury have become more apparent. Acute kidney injury requiring dialysis during the ECMO treatment is very common and is associated with adverse outcomes. Cross talk between ECMO and dialysis equipment has been debated in the literature in order to enhance the quality of dialysis and avoid its potential adverse events.
Na et al. recently published the results of a prospective experiment by using three different methods for integration of the continuous renal replacement therapy device into the ECMO circuit. In this experiment, the investigators showed that by using three different connection strategies between continuous renal replacement therapy device and ECMO and the utilization of three separate structures of pressure control lines, the dialyzer lifespan could be optimized.
In this commentary, following a brief review of the ECMO and dialysis devices history and cross talk, we discuss the findings by Na et al. and provide additional insights for future investigations.
Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Chai Bingyan , Gao Fulin , Wu Ruipeng , Dong Tong , Gu Cheng , Lin Qiaoran , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
We aimed to comprehensively explore the associations between serum 25(OH)D deficiency and risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).

Methods
We systematically searched Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and the reference lists of pertinent review articles for relevant articles published from database inception up until January 2019. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with random effects models using the Stata 12.0 statistical software package.

Results
Twelve prospective cohort studies and four cross-sectional studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HRs of dementia and AD, respectively, were 1.32 (95%CI: 1.16, 1.52) and 1.34 (95%CI: 1.13, 1.60) for vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml). In the subgroup analyses, the pooled HRs of dementia and AD, respectively, were 1.48 (95%CI: 1.19, 1.85) and 1.51 (95%CI: 1.04, 2.18) for moderate vitamin D deficiency (10–20 ng/ml) and 1.20 (95%CI: 0.99, 1.44) and 1.36 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.84) for severe vitamin D deficiency (< 10 ng/ml).

Conclusion
There are significant associations between vitamin D deficiency and both dementia and AD. There are stronger associations between severe vitamin D deficiency (< 10 ng/ml) and both dementia and AD compared to moderate vitamin D deficiency (10–20 ng/ml).