bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-frosting/anti-icing property of nano-ZnO superhydrophobic surface on Al alloy prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Liu Guoyong , Yuan Yuan , Jiang Zhou , Youdong Jiang , Liang Wang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Superhydrophobic (SHP) surfaces had promising application in anti-icing field. In this work, ZnO SHP surfaces were prepared on aluminum alloy by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The structure, chemical composition, morphology, wettability of the SHP surfaces were investigated by using corresponding methods. The anti-frosting/anti-icing performance of the ZnO SHP surfaces were investigated. Morphology of surfaces showed that sputtering time affected the surface morphology of the ZnO surfaces. When the sputtering time was 15 min, the rough structure exhibited excellent anti-frosting/anti-icing property due to the exceptional superhydrophobicity and self-transfer behavior at subzero temperature, which composed by densely gathered nanoclusters. The freezing of water droplets was delayed for about 2 h, and frosting was delayed for approximately 5 h at the temperature of −10 °C. The SHP surfaces could efficiently enhance the anti-icing property in glaze ice. Meanwhile, the as-prepared ZnO SHP surfaces displayed a low ice-adhesion strength of 12 ± 4.7 kPa. However, the structure with large undulation and pore space reduced the anti-frosting/anti-icing property of the SHP surface. This work provided a direction for the design and preparation of anti-icing surfaces for power transmission lines.
Incorporation of copper–indium back-end layers in the solution-based Cu(In, Ga)Se2 films: enhancement of photovoltaic performance of fabricated solar cells
Authors: Ou Chang-Ying , Som Sudipta , Lu Chung-Hsin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The morphology and photovoltaic properties of the solution-based Cu(In, Ga)Se2 films are effectively improved via the incorporation of copper-indium back-end layers in the precursor films. The effects on the concentrations of bimetal-ions solutions to prepare copper-indium back-end layers are investigated in this study. The incorporation of copper-indium back-end layer in the precursor film enhances the internal diffusion between gallium-ions and indium-ions during selenization reaction. Hence, the porous structure in the back-contact region of prepared CIGS films becomes densified, and the bandgap distribution of films shows a gradient profile. The densified morphology and gradient bandgap reduce the carrier recombination and improve the carrier collection of solar cells. In contrast to the pristine precursor film, the precursor film with a copper-indium back-end layer increase the conversion efficiency of prepared solar cells from 8.34% to 11.13%. The enhancement of conversion efficiency is attributed to the improvement of short-circuit current density and fill factor from 25.70 mA cm−2 to 31.79 mA cm−2 and 57.65% to 65.70%, respectively. This study reveals that the photovoltaic properties of solution-based CIGS solar cells can be improved significantly via the incorporation of copper-indium back-end layers into the precursor films.
Effect of temperature on morphology and wear of a Cu-Ti-TiC MMC sintered by abnormal glow discharge
Authors: Bohórquez Cristian D , Pérez Sandra P , Sarmiento Armando , Mendoza Martin E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Microstructure and tribological properties had been studied in a Cu-Ti-1%TiC MMC with titanium concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The composite was manufactured following the pulvimetallurgical route that included: mechanical and ultrasonic mixing in 2-propanol, compaction at 400 MPa and sintering assisted by abnormal glow discharge in an atmosphere of 10% nitrogen and 90% argon. The discharge was established in the direct current regime and the voltage values were adjusted according to the sintering temperatures of 750 °C and 850 °C. The sintering process was carried out for 30 min and then cooled in the same atmosphere. As a result, a differentiated in morphology and wear properties were obtained in the sintered parts. At 750 °C a microstructure characterized by the stability of Ti grains with intermetallic precipitates such as CuTi2 and CuTi were observed at the interface with the matrix. On the other hand, the intermetallic phases as Cu3Ti, Cu4Ti and CuTi2 had been detected in the sintered at 850 °C. These phases were related to diffusive processes that occurred during the sintering, enhanced by the energy provided by the process. It had been observed that with increase of titanium content an improvement of the MMC tribological properties. In titanium contents of 20% at 750 °C was estimated a wear coefficient of 2.7 × 10−8 mm3.N−1.m−1 with a track width of 312 μm. Despite the pores originated during the sintering of MMC at 850 °C was found a wear coefficient value of 2.4 × 10−8 mm3.N−1.m−1 and a track size of 778 μm, related to the plastic deformation exerted on the porous structures during the wear process. Results of the tribological analysis lead that this compound may be applied in fields where the balance between adequate tribological properties and lightness are highly required such as the automotive, aeronautical and biomedical industries.
Solvothermal synthesis of porous Fe3O4 nanoparticles for humidity sensor application
Authors: Khorsand Zak A , Shirmahd H , Mohammadi S , Banihashemian S M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this research, the effect of PVP on magnetic properties and morphology of Fe3O4 nanoparticle (Fe3O4-NPS) is investigated. Also, the sensitivity of the humidity of the selected Fe3O4-NPS is studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the synthesized Fe3O4-NPs. The XRD and TEM results demonstrated that Fe3O4-NPs were crystallized in cubic structure with spherical pores morphology. Superparamagnetic behavior was seen in the samples prepared with the maximum saturation of approximately 10 emu g−1 for the sample synthesized using PVP:Fe(ac ac)3 ratio equal to 4. The outcomes of the humidity sensing of the selected sample revealed that the prepared Fe3O4-NPs with a porous structure is a good candidate to be used for humidity sensing.
Assessment of hospital emergency medication kit use at a large academic medical center with automated dispensing machine technology
Authors: Smith Bradley L , Griffin Monica G , Heyliger Alexander , Ritchie Brianne M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Hospital emergency medication kits (HEMKs) are used to provide certain critical medications in emergent situations, despite many technological advancements for patient safety and medication distribution. We sought to evaluate HEMK usage and analyze associated costs to identify and recommend process improvements.

Methods
Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, is a large multisite academic medical center with 2 hospital campuses and many ambulatory clinics. All documentation of the approximately 250 HEMKs in circulation was analyzed from January to November 2017. The primary outcome was HEMK use. Secondary outcomes included individual medication usage and associated costs. These data were then used to recommend process improvements.

Results
Of 880 HEMKs evaluated, 675 (76.7%) were used, resulting in expiration 23.3% of the time. A total of 1,024 emergency medications were used, most commonly for hypoglycemia. Many of these medications are also available in automated dispensing machines for patient care use. Cost analysis revealed an average annual cost of nearly $200,000 associated with HEMKs. The results of our analysis indicated little added benefit of HEMKs in the setting of automated dispensing machine optimization. Steps for HEMK retirement are described.

Conclusion
HEMKs offered little added benefit considering technological advancements that have been made in patient safety and medication distribution since their inception. Retirement of HEMKs is anticipated to increase pharmacy operational efficiency by using automated dispensing machine technology and appropriate emergency response protocols to ensure optimal patient care.
Realizing the vision for pediatric pharmacy practice advancement through strategic planning and implementation
Authors: Kaczor Chester , Cole Justin W , Sapko Matthew M , Kappeler Karl H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose
In a rapidly changing healthcare landscape, pharmacy leaders must be agile and innovative to ensure that patients receive the highest-quality care. Here we describe the benefits of using a structured approach to pediatric pharmacy practice advancement guided by strategic planning and quality improvement principles.

Summary
Although there are many profound differences between pediatric and adult pharmacy management practices, many similarities also exist. Small- and large-scale change is most commonly guided by quality improvement methodology at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. Using this framework, the pharmacy practice model at Nationwide Children’s Hospital was reenvisioned to facilitate best patient outcomes and advance the role of pharmacists in the care of pediatric patients. Through these efforts, the percentage of inpatient hospital services with a pharmacist embedded into the care team increased from 67% to 90%, the number of pharmacists providing direct inpatient care increased from 27 to 50, and the number of ambulatory clinical pharmacists more than tripled, from 3 to 10. Enhanced clinical pharmacy services were developed to provide consistent care on weekends and holidays while striving to reach zero patient harm. Involvement of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, alignment with the health system’s mission, and internal development of pharmacists through focused training programs were vital to successful practice advancement.

Conclusion
Significant practice model advancement in a pediatric healthcare system is achieved by using the organization’s common language for change, involving frontline staff in creating the vision, and leadership steadfastly committing to realize the vision.
An Automated Method for the Determination of Sulfonamides in Plasma
Authors: Falk H B , Kelly R G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated adaptation of the Bratton-Marshall procedure for sulfonamides has been developed. As sulfonamides exhibit varying degrees of protein binding, application of the method to plasma is dependent upon release of these compounds prior to automated dialysis. This release is effected by the acidification of the sample. The results obtained with and without this preliminary acidification are discussed.
Comparison of a Colorimetric (Automated) with an Enzymatic (Manual) Uric Acid Procedure
Authors: O'Sullivan John B , Francis John O'S , Kantor Nathan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated colorimetric serum uric acid procedure utilizing the AutoAnalyzer has been evaluated and compared with an enzymatic spectrophotometric procedure. The results of this study indicate that the AutoAnalyzer, with its speed of assay, can be used for large numbers of serum uric acid determinations without compromising on precision and reasonable accuracy.
Evaluation of a Dye-binding Method for Determination of Serum Albumin
Authors: Martinek Robert G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple dye-binding method for determining serum albumin, which employs the dye, 2-(4'-hydroxybenzeneazo) benzoic acid (HBABA), is described. Albumin in 0.1 ml. of serum is determined colorimetrically at 510 mµ. Reliability of the method has been established by comparison with another method using HBABA and with a salt fractionation-biuret method, by recovery experiments, variation in ambient temperature, demonstration of optimal dye molarity and pH, and replicate analyses.
Polarographic Determination of Traces of Gold in Blood and Serum
Authors: Christian Gary D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A polarographic method for the determination of as little as 1 µg. of gold in blood and serum samples is described. The relative error is 2.1%. After the sample is dry ashed at 550°, the gold is extracted into ether as the chloride, to separate it from interfering copper and iron. A polarogram of the gold sample is obtained in 2 M potassium hydroxide. The method should be applicable to the determination of gold in other biological samples containing interfering elements.
Closed-System Apparatus for Aeration-Diffusion: Application to Determination of Blood Ammonia
Authors: Holmes Frederic E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An apparatus is proposed primarily for comparison with other methods for determination of "blood ammonia," and studies of involved factors. It employs the aeration-diffusion method of Van Slyke and Cullen, but in a closed system which avoids loss of ammonia and contamination with ammonia from the outside. Incomplete liberation of ammonia is avoided by the use of a moving thin film ever renewed in the donor section, and incomplete absorption of ammonia in the receiver is avoided by recirculating the air. Because the aeration may be done at any reduction in pressure, the apparatus lends itself to use in studies of the dynamics of aeration-diffusion of ammonia and other gases. A curve is presented which reconfirms the observation that ammonia liberated from blood after addition of reagents increases after 15 min. To avoid such increase, the time between blood collection and analysis is reduced to less than 2 min. A tentative upper limit of normal is set at 0.14 mg./100 ml.
An Automated Procedure for Blood Phenylalanine
Authors: Hill John B , Summer George K , Pender Murray W , Roszel Norris O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The fluorometric analysis of phenylalanine described by McCaman and Robins has been adapted to automation. The procedure may be used on 20-µl. whole-blood samples which may be stored on filter paper for elution. The procedure is rapid, reproducible, and accurate, making it useful for screening large populations for phenylketonuria.
A Simple and Rapid Method for Estimating 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethylamine (Dopamine), 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa), and Homovanillic Acid (HVA) with "Two-Solutions Paper Electrophoresis"
Authors: Eichhorn F , Rutenberg A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An easy procedure for the estimation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), 3,4-dihy-droxyphenethylamine (dopamine), and homovanillic acid (HVA), besides 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA), by means of the "two solutions paper electrophoresis" (1) is described. Increased amounts of these phenolic compounds were found by this method in the urine of a patient with neuroblastoma, and the case report is presented.
A Pituitary Gonadotropin Assay Based on Absorption by Attapulgite
Authors: Watson William B , Knouse R William 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for extraction of pituitary gonadotropins utilizing attapulgite and acetone is presented and compared with the kaolin-acetone (Edinburg) method. The attapulgite-acetone extracts contained less inert material and were less toxic. The results of over 100 consecutive clinical assays are presented and analyzed.
Simplified Preparation of Blood Hemolysates for Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
Authors: Blackwell R Quentin , Huang Jeanette Tung-Hsiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hemolysates made directly from unwashed red cells or unwashed blood clots can be used successfully for screening populations for abnormal hemoglobins by starch-gel electrophoresis. The cells or clot, mixed with an equal volume of water, are frozen overnight or longer, and the resulting supernatant hemolysate used directly for electrophoresis. The simplified procedure has been used to identify several abnormal hemoglobins including A+E, A+H, A+J, and electrophoretically fast fetal hemoglobins. The principal advantages of the procedure include substantial economy in time and increased flexibility in sample collection and storage. The method is particularly useful with small blood samples collected without venipuncture.
Automated Determination of Serum Iron
Authors: Zak Bennie , Epstein Emanuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated procedure for measurement of serum iron concentration is presented. Iron released from the serum transferrin by acid treatment in the presence of ascorbic acid was dialyzed into a buffer capable of maintaining the diffusate at a pH suitable for instantaneous and complete color formation with 4,7-diphenyl-1,10 phenanthroline sulfonate. Procedural details, diffusability of iron, precision, and accuracy are described.
Procedure for Detecting Atypical Serum Cholinesterase Using o-Nitrophenylbutyrate as Substrate
Authors: McComb R B , LaMotta R V , Wetstone H J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for demonstrating atypical serum cholinesterase by means of the self-indicating substrate, o-nitrophenylbutyrate and the inhibitor succinyldicholine. The procedure was tested for atypical cholinesterase with 76 individuals, including 5 otherwise proven homozygotes and their immediate families. In all cases, it was possible to distinguish clearly those individuals homozygous for the usual and atypical cholinesterase as well as heterozygotes.
Purification and Analysis of Bilirubin
Authors: Clarke John T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pure crystalline bilirubin was isolated from human, calf, hog, and dog gallbladder bile and compared with commercially-available materials. All may be purified by recrystallization from pyridine. The extinction coefficient in chloroform is 60,000-61,000 at 450-453 mµ.
Standardization of the analytical "azobilirubin" (van den Bergh) reaction may be based on aqueous alkaline solutions of bilirubin.
Paper chromatography of azobilirubins derived from various sources of bilirubin showed identical patterns.
An Improved Method for the Determination of Guanase in Serum or Plasma
Authors: Hue Allen C , Free Alfred H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simplified analytical procedure for the determination of guanase in serum or plasma at 245 mµ is described. Effects of experimental hepatic injuries in dogs on serum guanase levels and the possible clinical utility of the enzyme serum guanase are also discussed.
Stability of Cholinesterase in Frozen Plasma
Authors: Johnston D G , Huff W C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Specimens of plasma from 51 agricultural workers were divided into several portions for freezing and storage. Periodic assays (in duplicate) for cholinesterase activity in each specimen were compared with the initial values obtained on each fresh, unfrozen specimen.
Freezing and/or thawing results in loss of approximately 30% of the plasma cholinesterase activity. It is not possible to use divided frozen portions of an initial specimen of plasma as controls for repeated testing of a subject.
Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Plasma by a Colorimetric Procedure: An Appraisal of the Method and Comparison with Other Technics
Authors: Anstall Harold B , Trujillo Jose M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A microcolorimetric procedure for measurement of long-chain fatty acids in pure solution was adapted to eliminate phospholipid interference and used to determine free fatty acids (FFA) in human plasma and serum. The lipids were extracted from plasma into chloroform; the phospholipids precipitated with acetone and MgCl2 in water bath; and the FFA concentration in the supernatant determined by formation of copper soaps. The copper was assayed colorimetrically. The method was used to establish the range of normal values for plasma FFA in human subjects.
Determination of Homogentisic Acid in Urine
Authors: Stoner Ramon E , Blivaiss Ben B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A relatively simple method for the quantitative determination of homogentisic acid in urine is presented. Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in mild alkali to form 1,4-benzoquinone-2-acetic acid. The latter compound is then conjugated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The resulting hydrazone, in the presence of alcoholic sodium hydroxide, produces a characteristic lavender color with an absorption maximum at 570-580 mµ. A sample blank is run without oxidation to compensate for the carbonyls that may be present in the sample. The absorption curve produced is characteristic of homogentisic acid and may thus be used for its identification.
A Rapid Saccharogenic Method for the Determination of Serum Amylase
Authors: Fingerhut Benjamin , Ferzola Rocco , Poock Alfred , Marsh Walton H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this procedure for serum amylase the sugars formed by enzymatic starch hydrolysis are quantitatively measured in a protein-free tungstic acid filtrate by the alkaline reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide. The ferrocyanide formed is readily determined by measurement of the color produced with phosphomolybdic acid at room temperature.
The reducing sugar formed, expressed as milligrams per hundred milliliters of glucose measured by alkaline ferricyanide reduction, was comparable in amount after 15 min. incubation at 37.5° to that formed at 30 min. as measured by reduction of alkaline copper reagent.
The values for 54 apparently healthy blood donors, given by the 15-min. incubation ferricyanide technic, ranged from 24-195 U., with a mean and standard deviation from the mean of 103 ± 35 U. With the conventional 30-min. incubation alkaline copper method, a mean and standard deviation from the mean of 101 ± 36 U. was obtained. Amylase values given by both procedures for serums in the normal and abnormal ranges are presented. The reproducibility and some of the factors affecting the sensitivity of the ferricyanide method have also been determined.
The Separation of Protein-bound Iodine and Nonprotein Iodine by Serum Coagulation
Authors: Benotti Joseph , Pino Samuel , Gardyna Henry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Heat coagulation of serum proteins was compared to the usual trichloracetic acid (TCA) protein precipitation for the determination of iodine. The values for the washed coagulum checked very well with ones obtained by the standard procedure.
Determination of Total and Esterified Cholesterol in Serum
Authors: Sobel Charles , Fernandez Alberto 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple method for the determination of total and esterified cholesterol is described. Serum lipids are extracted into a solvent mixture and aliquots of the extract are analyzed directly for free and total cholesterol by the Zlatkis reaction. Esterified cholesterol is calculated by difference. Free cholesterol is determined under conditions of temperature and solvent composition such that the cholesterol esters do not react. The method yields quantitative recoveries of free and esterified cholesterol from serum. Data are presented on the precision of the method, and on results of a comparison with the reference procedure of Sperry and Webb.
Photometric Determination of pH with a Single Standard and Calculation by Nomogram
Authors: Van Slyke Donald D , Hankes Lawrence V , Vitols Janis John 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is described for construction of a nomogram, based on the Henderson Hasselbalch equation, with which photometric pH values can be calculated from the absorbance of an indicator in a sample and the absorbance of the indicator in a single standard solution. Thereby the necessity of preparing calibration curves from a series of standard solutions is avoided. The procedure is particularly convenient when the stock solution of the indicator is subject to slow fading, as in the case of phenol red.
An application of the procedure to the photometric determination of the pH of human plasma is detailed and the results are compared with those obtained with a glass electrode.