bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use surrounding wetlands influences urban populations of a freshwater turtle
Authors: Santoro Anthony , Chambers Jane M. , Robson Belinda J. , Beatty Stephen J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Urbanization is one of the most influential land use changes globally and continues to affect wetland ecosystems and their biota. Freshwater turtles, which rely on both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to complete their life cycles, are one of the most endangered vertebrate groups, with approximately 60% of species threatened. Although habitat alteration caused by urbanization is recognized as one of the main threats to freshwater turtles, there is a paucity of studies quantifying the effects of terrestrial habitat change on turtle populations.
The aim of this study was to determine how terrestrial land use change, associated with urbanization, influences the viability of freshwater turtle populations. Thirty‐three wetlands were sampled for the southwestern snake‐necked turtle (Chelodina colliei Gray, 1856) (Chelidae) between October 2016 and February 2017 within a region of continuing urban intensification. Land use and habitat types were classified at the aquatic–terrestrial interface and within a 300‐m band around each wetland. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify the land use variables that best explained the relative abundance of C. colliei.
Turtle abundance and population structure varied widely among wetlands. The percentage of residential land use, and the presence and accessibility of fringing native vegetation, was positively associated with the relative abundance of C. colliei. The association with residential land use may be an artefact of historical land use, whereas the association with native vegetation is probably because adjacent vegetation provides connectivity with suitable nesting sites, and thus facilitates increased recruitment.
This study shows how the modification of terrestrial habitat around wetlands may directly influence the population viability of freshwater turtles. Protection and restoration of native vegetation fringing urban wetlands is crucial to support the viability of remnant freshwater turtle populations.
Investigating Bullying as a Predictor of Suicidality in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Holden Rachel , Mueller Joanne , McGowan John , Sanyal Jyoti , Kikoler Maxim , Simonoff Emily , Velupillai Sumithra , Downs Johnny 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor typically developing adolescents, being bullied is associated with increased risk of suicidality. Although adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at increased risk of both bullying and suicidality, there is very little research that examines the extent to which an experience of being bullied may increase suicidality within this specific population. To address this, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the longitudinal association between experiencing bullying and suicidality in a clinical population of 680 adolescents with ASD. Electronic health records of adolescents (13–17 years), using mental health services in South London, with a diagnosis of ASD were analyzed. Natural language processing was employed to identify mentions of bullying and suicidality in the free text fields of adolescents' clinical records. Cox regression analysis was employed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between bullying and suicidality outcomes. Reported experience of bullying in the first month of clinical contact was associated with an increased risk suicidality over the follow‐up period (hazard ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval = 1.28–2.59). In addition, female gender, psychosis, affective disorder diagnoses, and higher intellectual ability were all associated with suicidality at follow‐up. This study is the first to demonstrate the strength of longitudinal associations between bullying and suicidality in a clinical population of adolescents with ASD, using automated approaches to detect key life events within clinical records. Our findings provide support for identifying and dealing with bullying in schools, and for antibullying strategy's incorporation into wider suicide prevention programs for young people with ASD.Autism Res2020, 13: 988‐997. © 2020 The Authors.Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Researchpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe investigated the relationship between bullying and suicidality in young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We examined the clinical records of adolescents (aged 13–18 years old) with ASD in South London who were receiving treatment from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. We found that if they reported being bullied in the first month after they were first seen by mental health services, they were nearly twice as likely to go on to develop suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
A validated surrogate analyte UPLC–MS/MS assay for quantitation of TUDCA, TCDCA, UDCA and CDCA in rat plasma: Application in a pharmacokinetic study of cultured bear bile powder
Authors: Zan Bin , Liu Xinhua , Zhao Yining , Shi Rong , Sun Xiaoshu , Wang Tianming , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Shaoyong , Yang Li , Ma Yueming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBear bile is a valuable medicinal material used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years. However, developing a substitute has become necessary because of protection measures for this endangered species. The ingredients of in vitro cultured bear bile powder (CBBP) include tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA, and it has pharmacological properties that are similar to those of natural bear bile powder (NBBP). In this study, the pharmacokinetic parameters of both CBBP and NBBP were measured in rats with a new surrogate analyte LC–MS method using stable isotopes as surrogate analytes (D4‐TUDCA, D4‐TCDCA, D4‐UDCA and D4‐CDCA) with response factors validated in authentic matrix (plasma) for simultaneously monitoring the authentic analytes (TUDCA, TCDCA, UDCA and CDCA). The method validation was satisfactory for the linear regression (r, 0.9975–0.9994), precision (RSD intra‐day, 0.72–9.35%; inter‐day, 3.82–9.02%), accuracy (RE, −12.42–5.67%) and matrix effect (95.53–99.80%), along with analyte recovery (95.90–98.82%) and stability (89.48–101.81%) of surrogate analytes, and precision (RSD intra‐day, 1.06– 11.51%; inter‐day, 2.23– 11.38%), accuracy (RE, −7.40–10.76%) and stability (87.37–111.70%) of authentic analytes. We successfully applied this method to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of CBBP and NBBP in rats, which revealed the critical in vivo properties of both bear bile preparations.
Synthesis and Potential Anticancer Activity of Some Novel Selenocyanates and Diselenides
Authors: Nie Yousong , Zhong Min , Li Shaolei , Li Xiaolong , Zhang Yongmin , Zhang Youhong , He Xianran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study, twenty‐four selenocyanate and diselenide compounds were synthesized and characterized, and their anticancer activities against the human cancer cell lines Caco2, BGC‐823, MCF‐7 and PC‐3 were determined. Interestingly, most of the new compounds were active in reducing the viability of different cancer cell lines. Two compounds exhibited higher promising activities than other derivatives. The most active compound showed the least IC50 values against the four cancer cell lines, particularly to PC‐3 with IC50 values below 5 μm. Two compounds were selected to monitor the expression levels of Bcl‐2, IL‐2 and caspase‐3 molecular biomarkers. Interestingly, the two compounds downregulated the Bcl‐2 expression levels and upregulated the expression of IL‐2 and caspase‐3 in PC‐3 cells compared to untreated cells. Moreover, most of the synthesized organoselenides exhibited good Gpx‐like activities comparable to ebselen. These results appear that introduction of selenocyanate (−SeCN) or diselenides (−Se−Se−) moiety to some carboxy derivatives could serve as a promising launch point for the further design of this type of organic selenium anticancer agent.
C−N‐Coupled Metabolites Yield Insights into Dynemicin A Biosynthesis
Authors: Cohen Douglas R. , Townsend Craig A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe biosynthesis of the three structural subclasses of enediyne antitumor antibiotics remains largely unknown beyond a common C16‐hexaene precursor. For the anthraquinone‐fused subtype, however, an unexpected iodoanthracene γ‐thiolactone was established to be a mid‐pathway intermediate to dynemicin A. Having deleted a putative flavin‐dependent oxidoreductase from the dynemicin biosynthetic gene cluster, we can now report four metabolites that incorporate the iodoanthracene and reveal the formation of the C−N bond linking the anthraquinone and enediyne halves emblematic of this structural subclass. The coupling of an aryl iodide and an amine is familiar from organometallic chemistry, but has little or no precedent in natural product biosynthesis. These metabolites suggest further that enediyne formation occurs early in the overall biosynthesis, and that even earlier events might convert the C16‐hexaene to a common C15 intermediate that partitions to enediyne and anthraquinone building blocks for the heterodimerization.
Yin Yang‐1 suppresses CD40 ligand‐CD40 signaling‐mediated anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 expression in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts by promoting histone H3 tri‐methylation at lysine 27 modification on interleukin‐10 promoter
Authors: Pan Yan‐Yun , Yang Jin‐Xiu , Xu Yi‐Fei , Mao Wei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring the pathogenesis of early pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblast act as an initiator and mediator of inflammatory processes that predispose vessel walls to excessive vasoconstriction and pathogenic vascular remodeling. Emerging studies report that Yin Yang‐1 (YY‐1) plays important roles in inflammatory response and vascular injury. Our recent study finds that activation of CD40 ligand (CD40L)–CD40 signaling promotes pro‐inflammatory phenotype of pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts. However, whether YY‐1 is involved in CD40L–CD40 signaling‐triggered inflammatory response in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts and its underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we show that soluble CD40L (sCD40L) stimulation promotes YY‐1 protein expression and suppresses anti‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL‐10) expression in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, while YY‐1 knockdown prevents sCD40L‐mediated reduction of IL‐10 expression via enhancing IL‐10 gene transactivation. Further, we find that sCD40L stimulation significantly increases histone H3 tri‐methylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) modification on IL‐10 promoter in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, and YY‐1 knockdown prevents the effect of sCD40L on IL‐10 promoter by reducing the interaction with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, binding to IL‐10 promoter. Moreover, we find that sCD40L stimulation promotes YY‐1 protein, but not messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, via decreasing N6‐methyladenosine methylation on YY‐1 mRNA to suppress YTHDF2‐medicated mRNA decay. Overall, this in‐depth study shows that the activation of CD40L‐CD40 signaling upregulates YY‐1 protein expression in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, which results in increasing YY‐1 and EZH2 binding to the IL‐10 promoter region to enhance H3K27me3 modification, eventually leading to suppression of IL‐10 transactivation. This study first uncovers the roles of YY‐1 on CD40L‐CD40 signaling‐triggered inflammatory response in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts.
Italian Multicenter Registry of Bare Metal Stent Use in Modern Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Era (AMARCORD): A multicenter observational study
Authors: Giannini Francesco , Pagnesi Matteo , Campo Gianluca , Donahue Michael , Ferri Luca A. , Briguori Carlo , Stefanini Giulio G. , Scardala Raffaele , Sardella Gennaro , De Rosa Salvatore , Figini Filippo , Monello Alberto , Pastormerlo Luigi E. , Testa Luca , Nicolino Annamaria , Ielasi Alfonso , Durante Alessandro , Leone Angelo , Tzanis Giorgios , Mangieri Antonio , Ciccarelli Giovanni , Briani Martina , Reimers Bernhard , Ceccacci Andrea , Indolfi Ciro , Sheiban Imad , Palmieri Cataldo , Bedogni Francesco , Tespili Maurizio , Latib Azeem , Gallo Francesco , Colombo Antonio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the use of bare metal stent (BMS) implantation in current percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) era, focusing on indications for use and clinical outcomes.BackgroundLimited data on BMS usage in current clinical practice are available.MethodsAll patients who underwent PCI with at least one BMS implantation in 18 Italian centers from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017, were included in our registry. Rates of BMS use and reasons for BMS implantations were reported for the overall study period and for each year. Primary outcomes were mortality, bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium—BARC and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction—TIMI non‐CABG definitions), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as the composite of all‐cause and cardiac death, any myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, or any stent thrombosis.ResultsAmong 58,879 patients undergoing PCI in the study period, 2,117 (3.6%) patients (mean age 73 years, 69.7% males, 73.3% acute coronary syndrome) were treated with BMS implantation (2,353 treated lesions). The rate of BMS implantation progressively decreased from 10.1% (2013) to 0.3% (2017). Main reasons for BMS implantation were: ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (23.1%), advanced age (24.4%), and physician's perception of high‐bleeding risk (34.0%). At a mean follow‐up of 2.2 ± 1.5 years, all‐cause and cardiac mortality were 25.6 and 12.7%, respectively; MACE rate was 35.3%, any bleeding rate was 13.0% (BARC 3–5 bleeding 6.3%, TIMI non‐CABG major bleeding 6.1%).ConclusionIn a large, contemporary, real‐world, multicenter registry, BMS use progressively reduced over the last 5 years. Main reasons for BMS implantation were STEMI, advanced age, and physician's perception of high‐bleeding risk. High rates of mortality and MACE were observed in this real‐world high‐risk population.
Right ventricular assessment in patients undergoing transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement
Authors: Schueler Robert , Öztürk Can , Laser Jasmin Viktoria , Wirth Fabian , Werner Nikos , Welz Armin , Nickenig Georg , Sinning Jan‐Malte , Hammerstingl Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an alternative treatment option to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in selected high‐risk patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of right ventricular (RV) functional imaging to predict clinical response to TAVR and SAVR.MethodsOne hundred and ten patients with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis (AVS) undergoing successful TAVR and 32 controls undergoing SAVR were prospectively enrolled. Six months follow up (FU) included two‐dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with RV deformation imaging.ResultsBaseline TTE showed no significant differences between groups (TAVR and SAVR) in conventional left ventricular (LV) and RV functional parameters (LV ejection fraction [LV‐EF]: p = .21; tricuspidal annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE]: 1.8 ± 0.5 cm, 1.9 ± 0.4 cm, p = .21), and RV strain (right ventricular‐global longitudinal strain [RV‐GLS] −11.6 ± 5.2%, −11.5 ± 6.5%, p = .70). At FU LV function was unchanged in both groups (p > .05); RV function was significantly improved after TAVR (RV‐GLS: −11.6 ± 5.2%, −13.4 ± 6.1%, p = .005; TAPSE: 1.8 ± 0.5 cm, 1.9 ± 0.3 cm, p = .05), and worsened after SAVR (RV‐GLS: −11.5 ± 6.5%, −8.9 ± 5.2%, p = .04; TAPSE: 1.9 ± 0.4 cm, 1.5 ± 0.3 cm, p < .001). Functional New York Heart Association (NYHA) class remained unchanged in patients after SAVR (p = .21), and improved after TAVR (p < .001). Baseline RV function was linked with clinical response to TAVR (TAPSE, p < .0001; RV‐GLS, p = .04), and the development of RV‐GLS was associated with functional worsening after SAVR (p = .05).ConclusionBaseline RV function and changes of right heart mechanics are closely associated with functional improvements after AVR. SAVR, but not TAVR, seems to have detrimental effects on RV‐function.
Spontaneous closure of an extensive postdebridement perineal wound in a newly diagnosed diabetic patient presenting with necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Muchuweti David , Muguti Edwin , Mungazi Simbarashe Gift 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus may present for the first time with necrotizing fasciitis. Early treatment of septic shock and immediate surgical debridement reduces mortality. A diverting loop colostomy prevents soiling of extensive postdebridement wound. Local wound care together with good glycemic and infection control leads to spontaneous wound closure.
Increasing the Formation of Active Sites on Highly Crystalline Co Branched Nanoparticles for Improved Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Myekhlai Munkhshur , Benedetti Tania M. , Gloag Lucy , Gonçales Vinicius R. , Cheong Soshan , Chen Hsiang‐Sheng , Gooding J. Justin , Tilley Richard D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the surface of oxidized metal electrocatalysts is highly dependent on the structure and composition of the surface oxide. Here, Au core‐ Co branched nanoparticles were synthesized using a cubic‐core hexagonal‐branch growth approach in a slow reductive solution synthesis, resulting in highly crystalline metallic hcp Co branches. Electrochemical surface oxidation of the Co branched nanoparticles resulted in formation of Co(OH)2 that enable the formation of a higher number of active sites under OER conditions compared to Co3O4. Differently from polycrystalline spherical Au−Co core‐shell nanoparticles, the oxidized structure on the Co branched nanoparticle surface is retained with electrochemical cycling, resulting in improved OER activity and stability.
Dehydrogenation of Primary Alkyl Azides to Nitriles Catalyzed by Pincer Iridium/Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Gan Lan , Jia Xiangqing , Fang Huaquan , Liu Guixia , Huang Zheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPincer metal complexes exhibit superior catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation of plain alkanes, but find limited application in the dehydrogenation of functionalized organic molecules. Starting from easily accessible primary alkyl azides, here we report an efficient dehydrogenation of azides to nitriles using pincer iridium or ruthenium complexes as the catalysts. This method offers a route to cyanide‐free preparation of nitriles without carbon chain elongation and without the use of strong oxidants. Both benzyl and linear aliphatic azides can be dehydrogenated with tert‐butylethylene as the hydrogen acceptor to afford nitriles in moderate to high yields. Various functional groups can be tolerated, and the H−C−C−H bond dehydrogenation does not occur for linear alkyl azide substrates. Furthermore, the pincer Ir catalytic system was found to catalyze the direct azide dehydrogenation without the use of a sacrificial hydrogen acceptor.
Reduction of 4‐Nitrothiophenol on Ag/Au Bimetallic Alloy Surfaces Studied Using Bipolar Raman Spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Wang Buhua , Yu Songyan , Shannon Curtis 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, we describe an experimental approach for adapting the principles of Raman spectroelectrochemistry to electrodes controlled using a bipolar circuit. This method allows the simultaneous acquisition of spectroscopic data as a function of both the electrode potential and the chemical composition of a bimetallic alloy and can be generalized to other system variables. The electrochemical reduction of 4‐nitrothiophenol (4‐NTP) was carried out on bimetallic Ag/Au alloy gradients and monitored in situ using a confocal Raman microscope with 785 nm excitation. Continuous Ag/Au alloy gradients, in which the alloy composition varied from approximately 0.5 to 1.0 mole fraction Ag, were prepared by using bipolar electrodeposition and then modified with a monolayer of 4‐NTP using self‐assembly. 4‐NTP monolayers on Au/Ag alloys were placed in a bipolar electrochemical cell and characterized as a function of applied potential and chemical composition by using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering. The E1/2 for NTP reduction was observed to be a strong function of the alloy composition, increasing by over 100 mV as the mole fraction of Ag varied from 0.5 to 1.0. In addition, spectroscopic evidence for the formation of the partially reduced intermediate, 4,4’‐dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) at intermediate applied potentials, was also found. Bipolar Raman spectroelectrochemistry (BRSE) is a powerful tool for acquiring in situ multidimensional Raman spectroelectrochemical data.
Silicon Quantum Dots Induce Uniform Lithium Plating in a Sandwiched Metal Anode
Authors: Zhao Yue , Jin Xin , Lu Yezi , Pu Jun , Shen Zihan , Zhong Chenglin , Zhang Shuo , Liu Jinyun , Zhang Huigang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anodes are demanded by high‐energy Li batteries because Li has the highest capacity and low electrode potential. However, Li metal anodes usually show poor cyclability and unsafe deposition at anode/separator interfaces, which may increase the risk of short circuits. In this work, we fabricate a sandwiched structure of reduced graphene oxides (rGO) with silicon (Si) quantum dots (QDs) as the inducing agents between rGO layers. Because of the lithiophilicity of Si QDs, Li growth is favorably guided away from the unsafe anode/separator interface towards the interlayer positions, significantly improving the cyclability and safety of the Si‐QDs‐sandwiched rGO anode. The uniformly‐distributed Si QDs and layered electrode structure can regulate Li plating/stripping to avoid the superficial Li growth and reduce the accumulation of solid electrolyte interphase. The growth‐guiding strategy using the sandwiched structure provides a new approach to fabricating high energy Li‐based battery anodes.
Enzymatic Bioelectrocatalysis for Enzymology Applications
Authors: Kummer Matthew J. , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEnzymatic biosensors are commonly used to evaluate the concentration of individual analytes in samples (e. g., glucose in blood, lactate in sweat, etc.), where the working electrode utilizes an enzyme (a “bioelectrode”) as the chemically selective agent for electrochemical analyses. However, those same enzymatic bioelectrodes can be used for the analytical characterization of enzymes as a new biophysical characterization tool for enzymologists. This Minireview will detail recent work focused on utilizing enzymatic bioelectrocataysis for enzymology applications. Specifically, it will talk about the use of enzymatic bioelectrodes for studying kinetics, inhibition, transport, and thermodynamics. It will also compare and contrast electrochemical techniques with spectrophotometric techniques for enzymology.