bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a shared decision-making intervention for pediatric patients with asthma in the emergency department
Authors: Reeves Kelly , O’Hare Katherine , Shade Lindsay , Ludden Thomas , McWilliams Andrew , Manning Melinda , Hogg Melanie , Reynolds Stacy , Shea Christopher M. , Burton Elizabeth C. , Calvert Melissa , Derkowski Diane M. , Tapp Hazel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Asthma is a difficult-to-manage chronic disease marked with associated outcome disparities including an increase rate of emergency department (ED) visits for uncontrolled asthma among patients who are most at-risk. Shared decision making (SDM) is a process by which the patient and provider jointly make a healthcare choice. SDM improves patient outcomes; however, implementation barriers of time constraints and staff availability are limitations. The use of health IT solutions may increase the adoption of SDM, but best practices for implementation are not well understood. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is a flexible comprehensive model used to identify barriers and facilitators influencing implementation. The goal of this study is to implement an innovative web-based pediatric SDM tool in the real-world setting of two large healthcare system EDs through the following aims: (1) convene a patient, research, and ED stakeholder advisory board to oversee review of protocol and study materials prior to implementation, (2) implement the SDM intervention where providers and staff will be trained to incorporate use of this SDM intervention, (3) conduct on-going evaluation of barriers, facilitators, and implementation outcomes to tailor implementation in the EDs, (4) evaluate patient-centered outcomes of primary care utilization and changes in ED visits and hospitalizations before and after the SDM intervention, and (5) understand and document best practices for ED implementation.

Methods
The CFIR model will guide the implementation evaluation. Researchers will administer surveys to the clinical team and patients at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months to inform implementation design, determine barriers and facilitators, and resource-needs to allow for real-time process adjustments within the EDs. Focus group or key-informant interviews and analysis will provide additional feedback to the stakeholder team to iterate the implementation process. Researchers will track patient-centered outcomes including increased primary care, ED, and inpatient utilization over the duration of the study.

Discussion
To advance asthma care and the field of implementation science, further research is needed to assess best practices for incorporating SDM into high-need healthcare settings such as the ED. This knowledge will facilitate improved outcomes and appropriate policy changes towards further use of SDM interventions in local and national acute care settings.
Imaging based on metalenses
Authors: Zou Xiujuan , Zheng Gaige , Yuan Quan , Zang Wenbo , Chen Run , Li Tianyue , Li Lin , Wang Shuming , Wang Zhenlin , Zhu Shining 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetalens, a prominent application of two-dimensional metasurfaces, has demonstrated powerful abilities even beyond traditional optical lenses. By manipulating the phase distribution of metalens composed of appropriately arranged nanoscale building blocks, the wavefront of incident wave can be controlled based on Huygens principle, thus achieving the desired reflected and transmitted wave for many different purposes. Metalenses will lead a revolution in optical imaging due to its flat nature and compact size, multispectral acquisition and even off-axis focusing. Here, we review the recent progress of metalenses presenting excellent properties, with a focus on the imaging application using these metalenses. We firstly discuss the mechanism for achieving metalenses with high efficiency, large numerical aperture, controlling the chromatic dispersion or monochromatic aberrations and large area fabrication. Then, we review several important imaging applications including wide-band focusing imaging, polarization dependent imaging, light field imaging and some other significant imaging systems in different areas. Finally, we make a conclusion with an outlook on the future development and challenges of this developing research field.
Underwater transmission of high-dimensional twisted photons over 55 meters
Authors: Chen Yuan , Shen Wei-Guan , Li Zhan-Ming , Hu Cheng-Qiu , Yan Zeng-Quan , Jiao Zhi-Qiang , Gao Jun , Cao Ming-Ming , Sun Ke , Jin Xian-Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs an emerging channel resource for modern optics, big data, internet traffic and quantum technologies, twisted photons carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have been extended their applicable boundary in different media, such as optical fiber and atmosphere. Due to the extreme condition of loss and pressure, underwater transmission of twisted photons has not been well investigated yet. Especially, single-photon tests were all limited at a level of a few meters, and it is in practice unclear what will happen for longer transmission distances. Here we experimentally demonstrate the transmission of single-photon twisted light over an underwater channel up to 55 m, which reach a distance allowing potential real applications. For different order OAM states and their superposition, a good preservation of modal structure and topological charge are observed. Our results for the first time reveal the real transmission performance of twisted photons in a long-distance regime, representing a step further towards OAM-based underwater quantum communication.
Holographic capture and projection system of real object based on tunable zoom lens
Authors: Wang Di , Liu Chao , Shen Chuan , Xing Yan , Wang Qiong-Hua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a holographic capture and projection system of real objects based on tunable zoom lenses. Different from the traditional holographic system, a liquid lens-based zoom camera and a digital conical lens are used as key parts to reach the functions of holographic capture and projection, respectively. The zoom camera is produced by combing liquid lenses and solid lenses, which has the advantages of fast response and light weight. By electrically controlling the curvature of the liquid-liquid surface, the focal length of the zoom camera can be changed easily. As another tunable zoom lens, the digital conical lens has a large focal depth and the optical property is perfectly used in the holographic system for adaptive projection, especially for multilayer imaging. By loading the phase of the conical lens on the spatial light modulator, the reconstructed image can be projected with large depths. With the proposed system, holographic zoom capture and color reproduction of real objects can be achieved based on a simple structure. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed system. The proposed system is expected to be applied to micro-projection and three-dimensional display technology.
Potential for Improving Intrauterine Device (IUD) Service Delivery Quality: Results from a Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Gehani Manish , Pal Manoj , Arya Anupama , Singh Shobhana , S. Kaushik , O’Connell Kathryn A. , Cagatay Levent , Sengupta Sumon , Singal Sunita 
Published: March 2020

Background: To accelerate progress toward Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) goals, the government of India focused on improving the quality of intrauterine device (IUD) services. EngenderHealth, an international sexual and reproductive health and rights organization, has been supporting the governments of Gujarat and Rajasthan since 2014 through the Expanding Access to IUD Services in India (EAISI) project by building the capacity of service providers, monitoring compliance with standard practices, and strengthening health systems. This study sought to assess whether EAISI-trained providers offer higher quality IUD services than non-EAISI-trained providers, as indicated by a reduction in confirmed IUD complications. Methods: The study team conducted an analytical cross-sectional study of secondary data collected from follow-up registers at 176 intervention facilities (38 in Gujarat and 138 in Rajasthan) during Phase I of the EAISI project. The analysis included follow-up clients who returned to the same facility between April 2018 and March 2019. We performed a multivariate logistic regression to determine factors associated with IUD complications. Results: During the period of assessment, 56,733 clients received IUD insertions, and 10,747 (18.9%) clients returned for follow-up services. Of the returning clients, 49.4% (N=5,305) had received IUDs from EAISI-trained providers, while 50.6% (N=5,442) had received IUDs from non-EAISI-trained providers. A total of 4.0% (N=432) of all returning clients experienced complications (expulsion: 1.3%, missing strings: 1.7%, infection: 1.1%). Clients who received IUDs from non-EAISI-trained providers were 55.5% more likely (95% CI [26.2%, 91.5%], p<0.0005) to have experienced complications than clients who received insertions from EAISI-trained providers. The type of IUD, the timing of the insertion, and the timing of the follow-up visit also affected complication prevalence. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that intensive, practical clinical skills training for IUD insertion can reduce the prevalence of complications.
Geometrical optimization for silver nanowire mesh as a flexible transparent conductive electrode
Authors: Nikzad Mohammad Javad , Mahdavi Seyed Mohammad , Sadrnezhaad Seyed Khatiboleslam 
Published: March 2020

We report the effect of the geometric parameters on transparency and conductivity in a metallic nanowire mesh as a transparent electrode. Today, indium tin oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide are used as the transparent electrode for displays and solar cells. Still, there is a definite need for their replacement due to drawbacks such as brittleness, scarcity, and adverse environmental effects. Metallic nanowire mesh is likely the best replacement option, but the main issue is how to find the optimal structure and how to get the best performance. Since the interaction of light with nanowire mesh is complicated, there is no straightforward rule with a simple analytical solution. We developed a kit based on wave optics for calculating the optical transmission of metallic nanowire mesh, which, unlike previous works, includes the interaction of light with the nanowire mesh, such as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface plasmon polariton (SPP), and Rayleigh anomaly (RA). So, it is possible to accurately predict the effect of these phenomena and the transmission of mesh. Using the mentioned kit, we will be able to investigate the different geometrical structures of meshes to achieve optimal geometry. This kit is based on the classical Maxwell theory and empirical data and uses finite-difference time-domain for solving equations and experiential results for validation. Comparing the results by a redefined figure of merit shows that LSPR has the most significant reduction on transparency, whereas increasing the thickness (

t

) to width (

w

) ratio of the nanowire in the metallic mesh can reduce the LSPR effect and/or shifts it to the invisible region. The wire pitch (

p

) has no tangible impact on LSPR, but

p

can be chosen higher than 700 or lower than 350 nm to remove the extinction effects of the first-order RA. If

p

was larger than 150 nm, SPP could appear in the visible region of the spectrum. In small

p

, lower modes of SPP with higher intensities occur; therefore, there is an optimum value for

p

around 300 nm. The reduction of

t

and

w

reduces the intensity of SPP and causes it to red shift. By comparing the 900 different structures, the highest figure of merit is obtained in a

p

of 300 nm with a minimum

w

(10 nm) and maximum

t

(100 nm).
Elemental mercury sensing by synchronously sweeping two multimode diode lasers
Authors: Zhang Tie , Lou Xiutao , Xu Lianjie , He Sailing 
Published: March 2020

We propose a sum-frequency-generation (SFG) laser-based elemental mercury sensing method by mixing two low-cost multimode diode lasers (MDLs). The wavelengths of the two MDLs are synchronously scanned, which enlarges the whole coverage range of wavelength and improves the measurement stability. Correlation spectroscopy was used to eliminate the impact of environmental change and enhance and trace the absorption signal of the sample accurately. A novel data processing method was employed to extract the weak absorption signals from the background efficiently. A sensitivity of

0.1

µ

g

/

m

3

(11 ppt) was achieved for 1-m path length and 10-s integration time. The sensing range was efficiently increased up to

200

µ

g

/

m

3

using a calibration curve based on a new mathematical analytical formula. Real-time monitoring of the mercury volatilization and diffusion process was experimentally demonstrated with a time resolution of 10 s. The performance of the system shows great practical value for the detection of elemental mercury in industrial applications.
Gap-surface plasmon metasurfaces for linear-polarization conversion, focusing, and beam splitting
Authors: Ding Fei , Chen Yiting , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. 
Published: March 2020

Gap-surface plasmon (GSP) metasurfaces have attracted progressively increasing attention due to their planar configurations, ease of fabrication, and unprecedented capabilities in manipulating the reflected fields that enable integrating diverse bulk-optic-based optical components into a single ultrathin flat element. In this work, we design and experimentally demonstrate multifunctional metalenses that perform simultaneous linear-polarization conversion, focusing, and beam splitting, thereby reproducing the combined functionalities of conventional half-wave plates, parabolic reflectors, and beam splitters. The fabricated single-focal metalens incorporates properly configured distinct half-wave-plate-like GSP meta-atoms and exhibits good performance under linearly polarized incidence in terms of orthogonal linear-polarization conversion (

>
75
%

) and focusing (overall

efficiency
>
22
%

) in the wavelength spectrum ranging from 800 to 950 nm. To further extend the combined functionalities, we demonstrate a dual-focal metalens that splits and focuses a linearly polarized incident beam into two focal spots while maintaining the capability of orthogonal linear-polarization conversion. Furthermore, the power distribution between two split beams can readily be controlled by judiciously positioning the incident beam. The demonstrated multifunctional GSP-based metalenses mimic the combined functionalities of a sequence of discrete bulk optical components, thereby eliminating the need for their mutual alignment and opening new perspectives in the development of ultracompact and integrated photonic devices.
A Methodological Investigation on Christian Natural Theology
Authors: Youn Chulho 
Published: March 2020

Summary
The purpose of this article is to present a desirable understanding of Christian natural theology in terms of methodology. In the Enlightenment era, natural theology was understood as that which provides support for religious beliefs by starting from a premise that does not include any religious beliefs. The natural theology of this age was performed under the premise that humanity could prove God’s existence by universal reason without the revelation of God, and that everyone could reasonably agree with the proof. Today, however, the concept of universal reason, which all humans have in common, is being questioned. Today it has become clear that the human reason is conditioned by some sort of perspective formed within a particular culture, tradition, and community and therefore operates in a very diverse way. This article aims at proposing a natural theology which is required today methodologically in terms of postfoundational Christian natural theology. This investigation proceeds in the following order: the creation theology of the Old Testament (II; the natural theology in Christian history (III); the definition of Christian natural theology (IV); today’s Christian natural theology as a creation theology (theology of nature) and as a scientific theology (V); Jürgen Moltmann’s Christian natural theology in terms of methodology (VI); the postfoundational Christian natural theology as a model of postmodern Christian natural theology (VII); conclusion (VIII).
Los contenidos socioculturales de los actos de habla: el contexto del usuario ideal en cuestionarios de hábitos sociales
Authors: Bravo Diana 
Published: March 2020

ResumenEn este trabajo se aborda la problemática de la universalidad de los actos de habla (Searle, ([1969]1980.Actos de habla. Madrid: Cátedra Visor.) y de su relación con las amenazas a la imagen social (cf. Placencia y Bravo, 2002.Actos de habla y cortesía en español. London: LINCOM; ; Bravo y Briz, 2004.Pragmática sociocultural: estudios del discurso de cortesía en español.Barcelona: Ariel). Dentro de los estudios de orientación pragmática de mayor difusión entre los académicos, encontramos dos posiciones, por un lado la de autores como Leech (([1983] 1988).Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.) y Brown y Levinson ([1978] 1987.Politeness. Some Universals in Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.), que asumen que determinados actos de habla serían inherentemente amenazantes para la mantención de laimagen social(face); por otro, la de Thomas ((1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure.Applied Linguistics, 4 (2), pp. 91–112.), Wierzbicka ((1991).Cross-cultural pragmatics. The Semantics of Human Interaction. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.) y Blum-Kulka, S. y Olshtain, E. ((1984). Request and apologies: a cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP).Applied Linguistics, (5), pp. 196–213.), entre otros, para quienes la percepción de losmismosactos en distintas culturas estaría influida por factores socioculturales, de manera que los actos de habla no seríanper seamenazantes, sino que esta condición dependería de su interpretación en contexto. Creemos que los actos se describen de modo distinto dependiendo de cuál sea elcontexto del usuario ideal, término que refiere al uso habitual de la lengua en su contexto situacional y sociocultural. Por ello sostenemos que no basta con interpretar los actos con la sola ayuda de la bibliografía y de las propias intuiciones, sino que es necesarioconsultaral usuario de la lengua. En este artículo nos enfocaremos en justificar una metodología de recogida de datos socio-pragmáticos que establece relaciones directas entre los actos y los hábitos sociales de sus usuarios. Nos basaremos en un método de consulta usado por varios autores, el cuestionario de hábitos sociales (cf. Hernández Flores, (2002).La cortesía en la conversación española de familiares y amigos. La búsqueda de equilibrio entre la imagen del hablante y la imagen del destinatario. Tesis doctoral. Aalborg: Aalborg Universitet. Recuperado dehttp://edice.asice.se/?page_id=305, y Bernal y Hernández Flores, (2016). Variación socio-pragmática en la enseñanza del español: aplicación didáctica de un cuestionario de hábitos sociales.Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, 3 (2), pp. 114–126.).
An Image-Based Approach to Capture Influence of Production Mechanism on Aggregate Dimension Distribution and Breakage Potential
Authors: Rajan Bharat , Singh Dharamveer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study evaluates the breakage potential of basaltic coarse aggregates of three different sizes, i.e., P19-R12.5 (passing 19 mm and retaining on 12.5 mm), P12.5-R9.5, and P9.5-R4.75 produced from three different production mechanisms using the image-based dimension analysis approach. At first, the effects of three different crushing mechanisms, specifically, jaw-horizontal shaft impactor (JH), jaw-cone (JC), and JC-vertical shaft impactor (VSI) (named JCV) were evaluated on particle dimensional distribution. The dimensions were determined using the digital image–based aggregate image measurement system (AIMS) and analyzed in the form of flakiness, elongation, flakiness and elongation (F&E), and Zingg’s distribution. Further, the aggregate samples were subjected to breakage and three different breakage potentials, namely the breakage index, Lee and Farmhood breakage index, and Hardin relative breakage index, were determined. The results from dimension analysis indicated that the crushing mechanism has significant effects on the amount of flaky particles, whereas the elongation shows little dependence. The aggregate produced from JC presented the highest percentage of F&E aggregates with 3:1 and 5:1 ratios, followed by JH and JCV, respectively. Also, it was found that the Zingg’s distribution is helpful for capturing the shape of aggregates having similar F&E characteristics. Further, the breakage potential indicated that the JC- and JH-produced aggregates had significantly higher probabilities of breakage compared to JCV. In addition, this study has presented an approach to capture AIMS competency in differentiating the aggregate dimensions and concluded that the approach can be used to assess the quality of aggregate size bifurcation.
An Efficient Method for Macrophage Cells Detection in Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Lafi Sana , Khalfallah Ali , Bouhlel Med Salim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily caused by lipid and bad cholesterol deposits in the arterial wall. These accumulations lead to the formation of monocyte cells, whose multiplication in the arterial wall and transformation to macrophages initiate the cholesterol plaque-formation process. The massive accumulation of cholesterol in these macrophages promote the plaques progression. Because of its ranking as the major cause of cardiovascular deaths, an early detection of such a disease is imposed. In this context, a novel algorithm is advanced, whereby, atherosclerotic lesions imaged by fluorescence microscopy can be effectively detected. The newly designed method involves an image preprocessing step, a segmentation step, along with a merging step combining the entirety of obtained segments. The reached results are further refined for the purpose of reducing over and under segmentation as well as eliminating the misclassified and unconnected pixels. Once achieved, the final segmentation associated quality is evaluated. Actually, the attained experimental results prove the efficiency of our proposed method in terms of precision, recall, and f-score.