bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of atrial cardiopathy in patients with different pathogenetic subtypes of ischemic stroke
Authors: Mekhryakov S. A. , Kulesh A. A. , Syromyatnikova L. I. , Sobyanin К. V. 
Published: December 2020

Studies of the biomarkers of atrial cardiopathy seem to be promising for identifying patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS), in which an intensive search for atrial fibrillation is indicated. Nevertheless, the diagnostic value of these markers and their threshold values require clarification.Objective: to present the characteristics of echocardiographic markers for atrial cardiopathy and the serum concentration of N-terminal pro-Btype natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in embolic CS versus cardioembolic stroke (CES) and non-cardioembolic stroke (non-CES) to determine the threshold values of parameters with the highest sensitivity and specificity in differentiating CES and non-CES.Patients and methods. A total of 259 patients with ischemic stroke were examined. The standard examination additionally involved calculation of the parameters that reflected left atrial LA) function (LAF): LA emptying fraction (LAEF), and LA functional index (LAFI). The serum NT-proBNP concentration was also determined in 75 patients.Results and discussion. The patients with CES versus those with CS and non-CES were characterized by a considerable increase in LA diameter (4.3 [3.5; 4.5] cm vs 3.7 [3.4; 4.0] cm vs 3.7 [3.4; 3.9] cm; p=0.005 and p=0.009, respectively), LAVI (35.7 [30.5; 39.9] ml/m2 vs 28.5 [25.6; 34.6] ml/m2 vs 27.1 [24.5; 31.2] ml/m2 ; p< 0.001) and NT-proBNP level (559 [409; 1144] pg/ml vs 164 [65; 308] pg/ml vs 191 [63; 446] pg/ml; p=0.002 and p=0.019, respectively), as well as by a lower LAEF value [50.3 [48.5; 51.1]% vs 54.7 [51.6; 56.6]% vs 54.9 [52.5; 56.8]%; p< 0.001). The only parameter that showed significant differences between all the three groups (CES, CS, and nonCES) was LAFI (0.24 [0.2; 0.32] units vs 0.37 [0.3; 0.47] units vs 0.40 [0.34; 0.47] units; p<0.00 1), while maintaining the differences in the values for the two groups (CS and non-CES) (p=0.004). The following threshold values of biomarkers were obtained for CES and nonCES; these were a LA diameter of 41.5 mm (p< 0.001), a LAVI of 36.3 ml/m2 (p< 0.001), a LAEF of 51.8% (p< 0.001), a LAFI of 0.28 units (p< 0.001), and an NT-proBNP of 316 pg/ml (p< 0.001). Analysis of the ROC curves and the area under the curve (AUC) revealed that the most informative criteria for sensitivity and specificity were LAEF (79 and 88%, AUC 0.89), NT-proBNP (67 and 91%, AUC 0.89) and LAFI (93 and 72%, AUC 0.81).Conclusion. The CS group and non-CES one are comparable in the echocardiographic manifestations of atrial cardiopathy and in serum NTproBNP values. LAEF and NT-proBNP concentrations are promising biomarkers to classify CS patients into potential arterio- and cardioembolic types.
Cerebral glucose metabolism and cognitive impairment in tremor-dominant and akinetic-rigid subtypes of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Miliukhina I. V. , Khomenko Yu. G. , Gracheva E. V. , Kataeva G. V. , Gromova E. A. 
Published: December 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disease characterized by marked phenotypic heterogeneity. The akinetic-rigid (AR) and tremor-dominant (TD) types of PD differ not only in motor manifestations, but also in the severity of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive impairment (CI). It is the PD heterogeneity study that can achieve the task of creating a modern personalized therapy for this disease.Objective: to study the characteristics of cerebral glucose metabolism in CI in patients with AR and TD PD.Patients and methods. Examinations were made in 69 patients with PD (the TD and AR subtypes were in 23 and 46 patients, respectively). Their cognitive status was assessed using the Mini-mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Frontal Assessment Battery, and the Clock Drawing Test. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was performed according to the standard procedure; glucose metabolism rate (GMR) was determined in different Brodmann areas (BA).Results and discussion. GMR in the frontal areas (right BA 6, 8, 9, 46 and left BA 46) was lower in the AR group that in the TD one (p< 0.05). The severity of CI in the AR group correlated with GMR in the parietal and posterior cingulate cortex (BA 7, 23, 26, 29, 30, and 31). The TD group showed correlations of the values of cognitive tests mainly with GMR in the frontal and anterior cingulate cortex (BA 6, 8–11, 24), and in the parietal (BA 7) and temporal cortices (BA 22). The only area, in which GMR correlated with cognitive performance in both groups, was BA 7.Conclusion. Two distinct patterns of GMR were identified in AR and TD within the general pattern of decreased cerebral glucose metabolism, which was specific for CI in PD. The findings may suggest that there are two different CI pathogenetic mechanisms associated with the clinical subtypes of PD.
Mapping the limb muscle motor points for targeted administration of botulinum toxin in the treatment of focal and segmental spasticity
Authors: Kovalenko A. P. , Sinelnikov K. A. , Shamigulov V. D. , Akhmedov N. N. , Shamina E. M. 
Published: December 2020

Spasticity treatment remains an urgent problem of modern neurorehabilitation. The targeted injection of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) into the muscle motor points (MPs) is gaining more and more popularity. But there are insufficient data on the position of MPs, while a MP search methodology has not been worked out yet. Most information about MPs has been obtained on cadaveric material using anatomical dissection or Sihler’s staining technique. Clinical data on the targeted injection of BoNT into the MPs are contradictory, which may be due to the inaccurate determination of their position.Objective: to verify upper and lower limb muscle MPs through electromyography (EMG).Patients and methods. Forty healthy volunteers were examined and underwent anthropometric assessment. Upper and lower limb muscle projections were completely scanned using EMG and ultrasound.Results and discussion. The anatomical localization of MPs in the upper and lower limb muscles involved in spasticity patterns was determined. The position of MPs was found to populationally identical, to have a slight deviation associated with the limb length, and to be unrelated to gender, age, and limb dominance. Original tables and maps for limb MP localization were created.Conclusion. The findings can enhance the efficiency of BoNT administration and improve the quality of rehabilitation measures, since the use of reliable information on the position of MPs will allow targeted BoNT injection in the immediate vicinity of the site of biological action. In clinical practice, this opens a window of opportunity for the early initiation of rehabilitation measures aimed at restoring movement.
Paradiplomasi Menuju Kota Dunia: Studi Kasus Pemerintah Kota Makassar
Authors: Fathun Laode Muhamad 
Published: December 2020

The transformation of governance from centralized to decentralized opens the role of local governments to contribute in advancing national interests. The birth of the Regional Autonomy Law as a legal framework for local governments to pursue development goals by looking at a number of potentials they have. The role of local governments is not only becoming a local actor but also an international actor known as ‘paradiplomacy’. The example of paradiplomacy in international relations is initiating cooperation on foreign investment to attract foreign investors. Makassar is one city that has been implementing paradiplomacy to create a smart city in order to achive good governance characterized by integrity, accountability, and transparent. Therefore, due to the rapid progress of the information technology every single town and district as well as province should create IT-based smart city to create a public service that is more efficient and innovative. Keywords: Transformation of governance, paradiplomacy, investment, international relations, smart city, information technology
Kekuatan Artificial Intelligence Tiongkok dan Kekhawatiran Masyarakat Global: Resensi Buku
Authors: Darmawan Arief Bakhtiar 
Published: December 2020

This paper reviews a new book written by Kai-Fu Lee titled AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order which address the question of how artificial intelligence reshape the world order and how its impact on the world economy.
High prevalence of diabetes in young people in Bangalore, India
Authors: Rajbhandari Satyan M , Kumar K Vijay , Selvarajan Raja , Murali Tara 
Published: December 2020

Background and aims: The burden of diabetes in India is increasing, especially in cities. We conducted a cross- sectional survey of the prevalence of diabetes and a measure of prediabetes in an urban population in Bangalore, India.Methods: Screening was conducted free of charge and without need for a prior appointment in 32 screening sites throughout Bangalore. Diabetes was defined either on the basis of a self-reported prior diagnosis or as undiagnosed diabetes on the basis of a random blood glucose measurement of >11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL). A second index of dysglycaemia, termed prediabetes, was defined as a random blood glucose measurement of >7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) but less than 11.1 mmol/L.Results: The study population comprised 3,691 subjects, screened over a period of 15 months. Previously diagnosed diabetes was present in 818 patients (22.2%), previously undiagnosed diabetes in 67 patients (1.8%) and the additional measure of prediabetes in 221 patients (6%). Accordingly, almost one-third of subjects (30%) had diabetes or prediabetes by our criteria. Diabetes (diagnosed or undiagnosed) and prediabetes were more common in older subjects than younger subjects, as would be expected.Conclusions: We observed high rates of dysglycaemia in a large urban population in Bangalore. Our data add to previous reports of a substantial burden of abnormal glucose regulation in this setting. Additional public health initiatives are required to protect the citizens of Bangalore from diabetes and its future complications.
Healthcare professional awareness of eating disorders in people with type 1 diabetes: a staff survey
Authors: Brewster Sarah , Partridge Helen , Cross Caroline , Price Hermione 
Published: December 2020

Background: People with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of eating disorders. ‘Diabulimia’, ‘Syndrome of Insulin Omission’ and ‘Type 1 diabetes and Disordered Eating’ (T1DE) are all terms used to describe the omission or restriction of insulin in type 1 diabetes for fear of weight gain. For consistency, Type 1 diabetes and Disordered Eating (T1DE) is used throughout this article. The condition is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality but is not yet recognised as a unique entity.Aim: To determine healthcare professional awareness and knowledge of eating disorders in type 1 diabetes.Methods: A short, cross-sectional, online healthcare professional survey across primary, secondary and community settings.Results: Healthcare professional confidence is low when it comes to recognising and supporting people with T1DE, but there is an interest in learning more.Conclusion: The findings from this study support strategies to improve healthcare professional awareness of T1DE.
Elevated TUBA1A Might Indicate the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Gastric Cancer, Being Associated with the Infiltration of Macrophages in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Wang Dazhi , Jiao Zheng , Ji Yinghui , Zhang Shuyu 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: TUBA1A belongs to the tubulin superfamily, and its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study assessed the expression and effect of TUBA1A in GC, as well as its association with survival and clinicopathological features. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results revealed that high TUBA1A expression was associated with multiple pathways, including those that contributed to the infiltration of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Since increased infiltration of macrophages can lead to oxaliplatin resistance, we analyzed the association between TUBA1A, the infiltration of macrophages to the tumor microenvironment, and the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of oxaliplatin. In addition, we analyzed the possible epigenetic regulation mechanism.
Methods: A total of 1,881 samples, including 1,618 patients with GC and 263 normal samples, were examined. The associations between clinicopathological features and TUBA1A were assessed by chi-square test, survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the potential mechanisms. The associations between TUBA1A and immune infiltration of M0-, M1-, and M2- polarized macrophages were examined by applying deconvolution’s quantification and Pearson’s correlation analysis. The association of TUBA1A with the IC50 of oxaliplatin was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. The mechanisms of TUBA1A dysregulation were studied by analyzing methylation data. A single-cell TUBA1A mRNA expression map of the stomach was drawn from the analysis of stomach single-cell RNA sequencing data that included more than 13,000 single cells of 17 stomach cell types. Results: TUBA1A expression was elevated in GC (p<0.01) and indicated poorer overall survival (p<0.001), first progression survival (p<0.001), and post-progression survival (p<0.01). High TUBA1A expression was significantly correlated with more aggressive clinicopathological features of GC patients (p<0.001). Elevated TUBA1A contributes to the infiltration of macrophages to the tumor microenvironment (p<0.001) and increased the IC50 of oxaliplatin in vitro (p<0.05), while hypomethylation was shown to contribute to the upregulation of TUBA1A (p<0.05).
Conclusions: TUBA1A might be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in GC. TUBA1A is significantly associated with the infiltration of M2-polarized macrophages in GC, and the IC50 of oxaliplatin. Hypomethylation contributes to the upregulation of TUBA1A in GC.
Nurse Administered Propofol Sedation (NAPS) versus On-call Anesthesiologist Administered Propofol Sedation (OAPS) in Elective Colonoscopy
Authors: Tiankanon Kasenee , Mekaroonkamol Parit , Pittayanon Rapat , Kongkam Pradermchai , Gonlachanvit Sutep , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: As on-call anesthesiologist administered propofol sedation (OAPS) is costly and not readily available in all endoscopy units, endoscopy nurse administered propofol sedation (NAPS) can be an effective alternative. This study aimed to compare the dosage of propofol used by NAPS versus OAPS, cardiopulmonary adverse events and recovery time in low risk patients undergoing outpatient elective colonoscopy.
Methods: A retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted. Electronic medical records of elective colonoscopies performed by 3 experienced endoscopists from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrieved. OAPSs were performed by 10 certified anesthesiologists while NAPSs were performed by 8 experienced registered endoscopy nurses. Baseline characteristics, performing endoscopist, cecal intubation time, withdrawal time, propofol dosage per procedure, and adverse events were collected and analyzed using 3:1 (NAPS:OAPS) propensity score matching by age, performing endoscopist and difficulty of colonoscopy as co-variates with standardized mean deviation of <0.1.
Results: 278 eligible patients were included. After propensity score matching, there were 189 patients in NAPS and 63 in OAPS group for analysis. Demographic data were not different between the two groups. All procedures were technically successful with no difference in cecal intubation time (6.0±4 min vs 6.8±4 min; p=0.13) or total procedural time (17.2±16 min vs 16.3±6 min; p=0.66). Propofol dosage/kg/hour were significantly lower in the NAPS group, (11.4±4 mg/kg/hour vs. 16.6±8 mg/kg/hour; p<0.001). There were less minor cardiopulmonary adverse events in NAPS when compared to the OAPS group (2.2% vs 4.7%; p=0.014).
Conclusions: NAPS in elective colonoscopy in low-risk patients is as effective as OAPS but requires a significant lower dosage of propofol. Minor cardiopulmonary adverse events were recorded in the NAPS group compared to OAPS.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management in a Romanian Tertiary Gastroenterology Center: Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vadan Roxana , Iacob Razvan , Costache Roxana , Stroie Tudor , Saizu Ionut Adrian , Iacob Speranta , Gheorghe Liliana , Diculescu Mircea , Gheorghe Cristian 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients management has been challenging during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to lockdowns, limitation of access to medical facilities and new recommendations regarding patient management. The implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on IBD patients’ management were assessed in our Tertiary Gastroenterology Center in Bucharest, Romania.
Methods: Medical records of IBD patients admitted between 15th of March and 15th of August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and compared to a control cohort of consecutive IBD patients admitted to our unit during the corresponding period of 2019.
Results: There was a highly significant shift towards one-day hospitalization during the referral period in 2020 for IBD cases (91% in 2020 vs 82.2% in 2019, p=0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between the distribution of patient’s gender, IBD phenotype or newly diagnosed IBD cases. A significantly lower proportion of admitted patients received 5-aminosalicylic acid (29% vs 41.2%, p=0.0001), whereas a substantially higher number of patients were prescribed biological therapy in 2020 in comparison to the corresponding 2019-time frame (79.5% vs 57.9%, p<0.0001). The distribution of the biological agent used was significantly different in 2019 in comparison to the 2020 period mainly due to the increase in vedolizumab prescription in 2020 (p<0.0001). During the study period in 2020, seven IBD patients (1.7%) were diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) infection, all of them with mild symptoms without impact on the IBD course.
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic led to reorganizing medical care, limiting the hospital admissions in favor of severe IBD cases, favoring telemedicine for mild disease and optimization of treatment for moderate to severe IBD with an increased use of biologicals aimed to maximize the risk/benefit ratio. Incidence of SARS-Cov2 infection during the first wave of COVID-19 infection in our study group was 1.7% and did not adversely impact the IBD disease course.
Bioefficacy of local Lantana camara (Verberneae) plant extracts against the 3rd instar larva and adult stages of Anopheles gambiae senso lato (Giles).
Authors: Yana Wenceslas , Andu Enda Corinna , Tofel Katamssadan Haman , Henri Abe 
Published: December 2020

Resistance of malaria vectors to synthetic chemicals with high operational cost and environmental pollution has been a great challenge to scientists. Alternative approaches such as the use of natural plant products which are environmentally friendly are put in place to control malaria vectors. This study was focused on testing the effectiveness of three solvent extracts of Lantana camara on the 3rd instar larvae and adults of Anopheles gambiae s. l. These extracts were obtained by maceration. Bioassays test were carried out by WHO’s method for determination of larvicidal and adulticidal efficacy. The results show that, larval mortality increased significantly with the concentration and exposure time. Lethal concentrations 50 (LC50) and 95 (LC95) after 24 hours of larvae exposure time are respectively 0.31 g/mL and 1.53 g/mL while within 48 h they are 0.27 g/mL and 0.79 g/mL for hexane extract; 1.45 g/mL and 2.0 g/mL (24 h exposure), 0.84 g/mL and 1.55 g/mL (48 h exposure) for acetone extract; 1.96 g/mL and no lethal concentration causing 95% mortality was determined; 0.40 g/mL and 2.20 g/mL (48 h) for aqueous extract. The efficacy of hexane and aqueous extract on the adult knock down and mortality were not significant even with the increasing extract concentrations and exposure time whereas with acetone extract, the adult LC50 after 24 h was 2.4 g/mL but with 95% mortality lethal concentration was not determined. According to the results, hexane extract showed high larvicidal efficacy of An. gambiae and acetone extract showed significant adult mortality. Those two extracts of L. camara can be used to fight against An. gambiae as alternative malaria vector control to replace conventional insecticides.
Силлогистика как логика всех отношений между двумя непустыми множествами
Authors: Markin Vladimir I. 
Published: December 2020

В работе предлагается язык позитивной силлогистики, алфавит которого содержит все силлогистические константы. Сами эти константы понимаются как знаки отношений между двумя непустыми множествами (объемами двух общих терминов). Среди указанных отношений особое место занимают те, которым соответствует в точности одна из пяти диаграмм Эйлера--Жергонна: (1) равенство множеств, (2) строгое включение первого множества во второе, (3) строгое включение второго множества в первое, (4) перекрещивание множеств, (5) несовместимость множеств. Остальные отношения представляют из себя комбинации эйлеровских. Каждая константа $\textit{k}$ в предлагаемом силлогистическом языке кодируется последовательностью чисел от 1 до 5, указывающих на номера тех эйлеровских отношений, при которых простое высказывание форм $\textit{SkP}$ принимает значение <<истина>>. Например, отношение включения одного непустого множества в другое репрезентирует константа 12, а отношение совместимости двух непустых множеств – константа 1234.Задается точная теоретико-множественная семантика данного <<универсального>> языка, соответствующая интуитивному пониманию силлогистических констант. Вводятся понятия выразимости силлогистической константы в <<локальном>> языке, содержащем лишь некоторые из таких констант, и полноты множества исходных констант некоторого <<локального>> языка. Константа $k$ выразима в локальном силлогистическом языке с неким набором исходных силлогистических констант, если и только если в этом локальном языке найдется формула $A$, содержащая в точности два термина $S$ и $P$, такая что $A$ эквивалентна формуле $SkP$ в семантике универсального силлогистического языка. Множество силлогистических констант $\{k_1, k_2,..., k_m\}$ называется $\textit{полным}$, если и только если любая силлогистическая константа выразима в языке с исходными силлогистическими константами $k_1$, $k_2$,..., $k_m$. В качестве примера доказывается полнота множества исходных констант традиционной силлогистики ($\textit{a}$, $\textit{e}$, $\textit{i}$, $\textit{o}$) и множества исходных констант силлогистики Венна (знаков пяти эйлеровских отношений). В универсальном силлогистическом языке строится аксиоматическое исчисление, доказываются метатеоремы о его непротиворечивости и полноте.