bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Neonatal Hospitalization Costs Associated With Elective Induction of Labor at Term in California, 2007–2011
Authors: Hersh Alyssa R. , Greiner Karen S. , Garg Bharti , Skeith Ashley E. , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To compare hospitalization costs of pregnancies managed by elective induction of labor to those with spontaneous labor in a large cohort of pregnant women.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with singleton, nonanomalous births in California from 2007 to 2011. We excluded women with placenta previa, breech presentation, prior cesarean delivery, planned cesarean delivery, medically indicated induction of labor, gestational age less than 37 weeks or at or greater than 41 weeks, and stillbirths. We adjusted hospital charges using a cost-to-charge ratio and costs included hospitalization costs for admission for delivery only. We estimated the difference in costs between elective induction of labor (resulting in a vaginal or cesarean delivery) and spontaneous labor for both women and neonates, stratified by mode of delivery, parity, gestational age at delivery and geographic location. We conducted analyses using Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank tests with a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS:
In a California cohort of 1,278,151 women, 190,409 (15%) had an elective induction of labor. Median maternal hospitalization costs were $10,175 (interquartile range: $7,284–$14,144) with induction of labor and $9,462 (interquartile range: $6,667–$13,251) with spontaneous labor (P<.01) for women who had a vaginal delivery, and $20,294 (interquartile range: $15,367–$26,920) with induction of labor and $18,812 (interquartile range: $13,580–$25,197) with spontaneous labor (P<.01) for women who had a cesarean delivery. Maternal median hospitalization costs were significantly higher in the setting of elective induction of labor regardless of parity, mode of delivery, and gestational age at delivery. Alternatively, median hospitalization costs for neonates of women who had an elective induction of labor were significantly lower.

CONCLUSION:
Further research regarding approaches to induction of labor is necessary to determine whether strategies to reduce health care costs without affecting or even improving outcomes could help curb costs associated with induction of labor.
Maternal Obesity and the Risk of Early-Onset and Late-Onset Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Bicocca Matthew J. , Mendez-Figueroa Hector , Chauhan Suneet P. , Sibai Baha M. 
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) at delivery and rates of early-onset and late-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

METHODS:
We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study using U.S. Vital Statistics period-linked birth and infant death certificates from 2014 to 2017. Women who delivered a nonanomalous singleton live neonate from 24 to 41 completed weeks of gestation were included. We excluded women with chronic hypertension and those with BMIs less than 18.5. The primary exposure was maternal BMI, defined as nonobese (BMI 18.5–29.9; referent group), class 1 obesity (BMI 30.0–34.9), class 2 obesity (BMI 35.0–39.9), and class 3 obesity (BMI 40.0 or greater). The primary outcome was delivery with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia) at less than 34 weeks of gestation or at 34 weeks or more. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to estimate relate risk and adjust for confounding variables. Results are presented as adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS:
Of the 15.8 million women with live births during the study period, 14.0 million (88.6%) met inclusion criteria, and 825,722 (5.9%) had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The risk of early-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was significantly higher in women with class 1 obesity (aRR 1.13; 95% CI 1.10–1.16), class 2 obesity (aRR 1.57; 95% CI 1.53–1.62), and class 3 obesity (aRR 2.18; 95% CI 2.12–2.24), compared with nonobese women. The risk of late-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was also significantly increased in women with class 1 obesity (aRR 1.71; 95% CI 1.70–1.73), class 2 obesity (aRR 2.60; 95% CI 2.58–2.62), and class 3 obesity (aRR 3.93; 95% CI 3.91–3.96) compared with nonobese women.

CONCLUSION:
Compared with nonobese women, the risk of early-onset and late-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is significantly and progressively increased among women with increased class of obesity.
Operative Vaginal Birth of a Critically Endangered Gorilla With Forceps Assistance
Authors: Monseur Brent , McCurdy Rebekah , Ialeggio Donna , Hinshaw Keith , Georoff Timothy , Weiner Stuart 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND:
An obstetrician on standby assessed an 18-year-old primiparous captive gorilla with a term singleton fetus with a protracted labor course.

CASE:
After it was determined that an arrest of descent had occurred, a viable, 2,280 g male neonate was delivered through an operative vaginal birth with forceps assistance without major complications.

CONCLUSION:
Given the numerous anatomic and biochemical similarities of humans and other great apes, it is possible that the high maternal mortality and stillbirth rates of gorillas could be reduced by using the same principles of obstetric management in a multidisciplinary fashion.
Effect of phenylephrine versus norepinephrine on 28-day mortality and SICU length of stay in septic shock
Authors: Santoriello Lisa , Schweiger Krislyn , Aronowitz Danielle , Maisch Nicole , Smith Candace , Wu Wenchen , Patel Vihas , Coppa Gene , Barrera Rafael 
Published: June 2020

Background:
According to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines, norepinephrine is the preferred vasopressor over phenylephrine when treating hemodynamically unstable septic patients. However, few studies have directly compared the use of these 2 vasopressors in septic shock patients.

Objective:
To compare 28-day mortality and surgical intensive care unit (SICU) length of stay in septic shock patients treated with phenylephrine and norepinephrine.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of septic shock patients admitted from January 2012 through June 2017, who were treated with either phenylephrine or norepinephrine. The primary endpoint was assessment of 28-day mortality, secondary endpoint was SICU length of stay. The same endpoints were also evaluated specifically in patients with known cardiac disease.

Results:
Of the 30 patients included, 15 had been treated with norepinephrine and 15 with phenylephrine. Patients in either group had similar demographics and SOFA scores. No statistically significant difference was observed in either 28-day mortality (P=0.200) or SICU length of stay (P=0.544) between the 2 vasopressor groups. There was still no significant difference in the primary or secondary endpoints when compared among patients with baseline cardiac disease.

Conclusion:
Phenylephrine use in patients with septic shock does not appear to increase risk of 28-day mortality or prolong SICU length of stay when compared with using norepinephrine. However, its use also does not improve outcomes, even in patients with significant cardiac history.
The Effect of Foot Reflexology Applied Before Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty on Anxiety, Stress, and Cortisol Levels of Individuals
Authors: Vural Doğru Birgül , ŞenuzunAykar Fisun , Yıldırım Yasemin , Yavuzgil Oğuz , Sözmen Eser , Memmedov Hikmet 
Published: June 2020

Background
Coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures cause anxiety and stress in individuals.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foot reflexology applied before coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty on the anxiety, stress, and cortisol levels of individuals.

Methods
A simple randomized trial design was used. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into 4 groups including experimental and control groups of coronary angiography patients (30 patients in each group) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (26 patients in each group) by randomization method. Data were collected with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Distress Thermometer 90 minutes before coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and the laboratory samples were taken. After these procedures, foot reflexology was applied to both feet of the patients in the experimental group for 30 minutes, and the control group received only standard care. The inventories were reapplied 30 minutes after the reflexology application and after coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Results
Whereas there was no statistically significant difference (P > .05) between the coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty experimental and control groups in Anxiety Inventory and stress median scores before reflexology, a significant difference was found (P < .001) 30 minutes after reflexology application and after coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. After the reflexology, anxiety and stress scores were significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < .001). Whereas there was a significant difference (P < .001) in the within-group cortisol values of both reflexology groups, no significant difference was found in the control groups (P > .05).

Conclusions
The application of reflexology before coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty reduces the levels of anxiety, stress, and cortisol without any side effects.
Activin B signaling may promote the conversion of normal fibroblasts to scar fibroblasts
Authors: Deng Shi-Kang , Tang Jian-Zhong , Jin Yan , Hu Ping-Hai , Wang Jun-Feng , Zhang Xiao-Wen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study is to explore the molecular mechanism of benign bile duct hypertrophic scar formation.
Differential proteins between the normal fibroblast (NFB) and scar fibroblast (SCFB) were screened by protein chip assay, and analyzed by pathway-enrichment analysis and function-enrichment analysis. The differential proteins were further tested by ELISA. SiRNA-Act B was transfected to SCFB to down-regulate the expression of Act B. NFB was incubated with rh-Act B. The cell apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of Act B, Smad2/3, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), and Oncostatin M (OSM) were detected by Western blot.
A total of 37 differential proteins were identified in SCFBs by microarray (P < .05), including 27 up-regulated proteins and 10 down-regulated proteins (P < .05). Their function were associated with Activin signaling, synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix, formation and activation of cytokine, inflammatory reaction, immunoreaction, tissue damage reaction, cell cycle, migration, apoptosis, and secretion, etc. ELISA results showed that the expression of Act B, TGF-β1, ET-1 were higher in SCFBs, while the expression of Tsp-1 and OSM were lower in SCFBs (P < .05). After interfered by siRNA-Act B, the expression of Act B mRNA decreased (P < .05). The percentage of early apoptosis increased (P < .05). The expression of Act B, Smad2/3, TGF-β1 were decreased and Tsp-1, OSM were increased (P < .05). After treatment with rh-Act B, the percentage of G0/G1 phase of NFBs was decreased and that of S phase was increased without significance (P > .05). The expression of Act B, Smad2/3, TGF-β1 were increased (P < .05) and Tsp-1, OSM were decreased (P < .01).
There are differentially expressed proteins between SCFBs and NFBs. Activin B signal plays an important role in the process of NFB transforming to SCFB, and TGF-β1, Smad2/3, Tsp-1, and OSM are important participants.
Bone defect reconstruction with autologous bone inactivated with liquid nitrogen after resection of primary limb malignant tumors
Authors: Li Yuan , Yang Yongkun , Huang Zhen , Shan Huachao , Xu Hairong , Niu Xiaohui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Surgical treatment of malignant bone tumors comprises tumor resection and reconstruction. The most commonly used reconstruction method is prosthesis replacement, which achieves good early function, but has a high long-term incidence of complications. Another reconstruction option is autologous bone replantation, which has the advantages of anatomical matching and no need for large bone bank support. Few studies have evaluated reconstruction with liquid nitrogen-inactivated autogenous bone.
The present study aimed to evaluate the oncological results, bone healing results, complications, and indications of reconstruction with liquid nitrogen-inactivated autogenous bone grafts.
The study population comprised 21 consecutive patients. The tumor site was the tibia in 9 cases, femur in 8, and humerus in 4. There were 37 osteotomy ends in total. After freezing and rewarming, the medullary cavity of the autogenous bone was filled with antibiotic bone cement. Seventeen patients received bilateral plate fixation, 2 received intramedullary nail and distal plate fixation, and 2 received single plate fixation.
The average follow-up was 31 ± 6 months. Eighteen patients survived without tumors, and the 3-year survival rate was 80.4%. All cases had adequate surgical margins, but recurrence developed in 1 patient. Metastasis occurred in 3 patients, who all died of metastasis. Intraoperative inactivated bone fracture occurred in 1 patient, and screw breakage was found in 1 patient. Nonunion occurred at 1 humeral diaphysis osteotomy site, and 1 patient was lost to follow-up; the average healing time of the other 35 ends was 13 ± 6 months, and the bone healing rate was 97.2%. The average bone healing times in the metaphysis and diaphysis were 9 ± 3 months and 15 ± 6 months (P = .003). The average bone healing times in the upper and lower limbs were 16.6 ± 7.4 months and 12.3 ± 5.8 months (P = .020). The average Muscle and Skeletal Tumor Society score was 28 ± 3 (21–30) in the 18 survivors.
Liquid nitrogen-inactivated autologous bone replantation for primary malignant limb tumor was safe and effective, as shown by the relatively low complication rate, high bone healing rate, and satisfactory postoperative function. This is a reliable biological reconstruction method for malignant bone tumors with specific site and bone destruction characteristics.
Embolization for intractable spontaneous hemarthrosis of the knee joint in the elderly patient
Authors: Song Suk Kyoon , Chae Seung Bum , Kang Dae Won , Choi Won Kee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Several case reports about the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of hemarthrosis after total knee arthroplasty using angiogram have been reported, owing to the probability of bleeding caused by vascular injuries. However, there were only few cases of spontaneous hemarthrosis of the knee joint in the elderly patient that have not undergone total knee arthroplasty that have been previously reported.

Patients concerns:
An 82-year-old male presented to our outpatient department with acute left knee pain. He had no history of trauma. The patient had under gone several times of therapeutic arthrocentesis for treatment of left knee joint effusion at a local clinic.

Diagnosis:
Arthroscopic examination was performed at the local clinic and was not able to reveal any focus of intra-articular bleeding. We consulted this case with the department of radiology to angiographically find out abnormalities of the genicular arteries. Angiographs showed hyper vascularity of the superior and inferior lateral genicular artery, and superior medial genicular artery.

Intervention:
One-step embolization using micro-catheter and 50 to 150 μm gelfoam particles was conducted. The hypervascular findings shown on angiogram were markedly subsided after embolization.

Outcomes:
Until 1 year after embolization, there were no signs of recurrence on outpatient follow-up sessions

Lessons:
Degenerative changes of the genicular arteries may be a cause of spontaneous knee joint hemarthrosis in the elderly patients. Angiographic diagnosis and treatment may be effective for such cases.
Two treatment strategies for management of Neurosymptomatic cerebrospinal fluid HIV escape in Pune, India
Authors: Dravid Ameet N. , Gawali Raviraj , Betha Tarun P. , Sharma Avadesh K. , Medisetty Mahenderkumar , Natrajan Kartik , Kulkarni Milind M. , Saraf Chinmay K. , Mahajan Uma S. , Kore Sachin D. , Rathod Niranjan M. , Mahajan Umakant S. , Letendre Scott L. , Wadia Rustom S. , Calcagno Andrea 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSymptomatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral escape (sCVE) is reported in people with HIV, who are on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Management of sCVE includes performing genotypic HIV-1 resistance testing (GRT) on CSF and plasma HIV and changing ART accordingly. Neither GRT nor newer drugs (Dolutegravir and Darunavir/ritonavir) are routinely available in India. As a result, management of sCVE includes 2 modalities: a) ART intensification by adding drugs that reach therapeutic concentrations in CSF, like Zidovudine, to existing ART or b) Changing to a regimen containing newer boosted PI/r and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) as per GRT or expert opinion. In this retrospective study, we report the outcomes of above 2 modalities in treatment of sCVE in Pune, India.Fifty-seven episodes of sCVE in 54 people with HIV taking PI/r-containing ART were identified. Clinical, demographic, laboratory and ART data were recorded. Forty-seven cases had follow-up data available after ART change including measurement of plasma and CSF viral load (VL).Of the 47 cases, 23 received zidovudine intensification (Group A, median VL: plasma- 290, CSF- 5200 copies/mL) and 24 received PI/INSTI intensification (Group B, median VL: plasma- 265, CSF-4750 copies/mL). CSF GRT was performed in 16 participants: 8 had triple class resistance. After ART change, complete resolution of neurologic symptoms occurred in most participants (Group A: 18, Group B: 17). In Group A, follow-up plasma and CSF VL were available for 21 participants, most of whom achieved virologic suppression (VL < 20 copies/mL) in plasma (17) and CSF (15). Four participants were shifted to the PI/INSTI intensification group due to virologic failure (plasma or CSF VL > 200 copies/mL). In Group B, follow-up plasma and CSF VL were available for 23 participants, most of whom also achieved virologic suppression in plasma (21) and CSF (18). Four deaths were noted, 2 of which were in individuals who interrupted ART.This is a unique sCVE cohort that was managed with 1 of 2 approaches based on treatment history and the availability of GRT. At least 75% of participants responded to either approach with virologic suppression and improvement in symptoms.
Association between HIF-1α gene polymorphisms and lung cancer
Authors: Xu Shuguang , Ying Kejing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), an important component of angiogenesis, is activated as a response to tumor hypoxia and facilitates tumor survival. Several case–control articles stressed the connection between lung cancer danger and HIF-1α gene polymorphism, but the conclusions were conflicting. Thus, this meta-analysis was carried out to assess the connection between HIF-1α gene polymorphisms (rs11549467, rs11549465, and rs2057482) and lung cancer risk.
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were systematically searched up to November 1, 2018. The study quality was quantified by the c. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled in 5 genetic models for assessment under a fixed- or random-effect model. Subgroup analyses were carried out by ethnicity and genotype method. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were tested. Five eligible articles were enrolled.
The rs11549467 significantly increased the lung cancer risk (OR [95% CI]: A vs G, 1.68 [1.03–2.76]; AA + AG vs GG, 1.70 [1.14–2.54]; AA vs GG, 1.59 [1.21–2.10]), whereas neither rs11549465 nor rs2057482 was related with the lung cancer risk. Subgroup analysis showed rs11549465 and rs11549467 increased lung cancer risk among Asians, but not whites. HIF-1α rs2057482 was unrelated to the risk of lung cancer in Asians and whites.

HIF-1α gene rs11549465 and rs11549467, but not rs2057482, increased the risk of lung cancer among Asians.
Assessment of Chinese medicine for coronavirus-related pneumonia
Authors: Zhu Yibing , Jiang Zhiming , Zhang Yuke , Zhang Qi , Li Wen , Ren Chao , Yao Renqi , Feng Jingzhi , Ren Yu , Jin Lin , Wang Yang , Du Bin , Li Wei , Huang Huibin , Xi Xiuming 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease has caused a global pandemic with substantial morbidity and mortality. Chinese medicine has been extensively employed in the coronavirus-related pandemic in China. We aim to assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine in treatment of coronavirus-related pneumonia with the updated results of relevant clinical trials.

Methods:
Six electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing VIP, and SinoMed will be searched to identify randomized controlled trials up to May 2020. Patients diagnosed with coronavirus-related pneumonia including severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and 2019 novel coronavirus disease and administrated with Chinese medicine will be included. The primary outcome is the all cause mortality at the longest follow up available. The second outcomes include the length of stay in hospital and intensive care units, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and adverse events. The pooled effects will be analyzed and reported as risk ratios for dichotomous data using the Mantel–Haenszel method or mean differences for continuous data using the inverse-variance method. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses will be performed to test the robustness of the results and to explore the potential sources of heterogeneities. The Egger test and/or funnel plots will be used for the examination of publication bias. The grades of recommendation assessment, development, and evaluation methodology will be used to summarize the quality of evidence. The trial sequential analysis will be conducted to test whether the meta-analysis has a sufficient sample size after adjustment of the increased type I and II error risks.

Results:
The evidence to date of Chinese medicine in treatment of coronavirus-related pneumonia will be systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed.

Conclusion:
The relevant studies will be summarized and further evidence will be provided.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020178879