bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No evidence that footedness in pheasants influences cognitive performance in tasks assessing colour discrimination and spatial ability
Authors: Whiteside Mark A. , Bess Mackenzie M. , Frasnelli Elisa , Beardsworth Christine E. , Langley Ellis J.G. , van Horik Jayden O. , Madden Joah R. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe differential specialization of each side of the brain facilitates the parallel processing of information and has been documented in a wide range of animals. Animals that are more lateralized as indicated by consistent preferential limb use are commonly reported to exhibit superior cognitive ability as well as other behavioural advantages. We assayed the lateralization of 135 young pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), indicated by their footedness in a spontaneous stepping task, and related this measure to individual performance in either 3 assays of visual or spatial learning and memory. We found no evidence that pronounced footedness enhances cognitive ability in any of the tasks. We also found no evidence that an intermediate footedness relates to better cognitive performance. This lack of relationship is surprising because previous work revealed that pheasants have a slight population bias towards right footedness, and when released into the wild, individuals with higher degrees of footedness were more likely to die. One explanation for why extreme lateralization is constrained was that it led to poorer cognitive performance, or that optimal cognitive performance was associated with some intermediate level of lateralization. This stabilizing selection could explain the pattern of moderate lateralization that is seen in most non-human species that have been studied. However, we found no evidence in this study to support this explanation.
The Gaia–ESO Survey: Carbon Abundance in the Galactic Thin and Thick Disks*
Authors: Franchini Mariagrazia , Morossi Carlo , Di Marcantonio Paolo , Chavez Miguel , Adibekyan Vardan Zh. , Bayo Amelia , Bensby Thomas , Bragaglia Angela , Calura Francesco , Duffau Sonia , Gonneau Anais , Heiter Ulrike , Kordopatis Georges , Romano Donatella , Sbordone Luca , Smiljanic Rodolfo , Tautvaišienė Gražina , Swaelmen Mathieu Van der , Mena Elisa Delgado , Gilmore Gerry , Randich Sofia , Carraro Giovanni , Hourihane Anna , Magrini Laura , Morbidelli Lorenzo , Sousa Sérgio , Clare Worley C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper focuses on carbon, which is one of the most abundant elements in the universe and is of high importance in the field of nucleosynthesis and galactic and stellar evolution. The origin of carbon and the relative importance of massive and low- to intermediate-mass stars in producing it is still a matter of debate. We aim at better understanding the origin of carbon by studying the trends of [C/H], [C/Fe], and [C/Mg] versus [Fe/H] and [Mg/H] for 2133 FGK dwarf stars from the fifth Gaia–ESO Survey internal data release (GES iDR5). The availability of accurate parallaxes and proper motions from Gaia DR2 and radial velocities from GES iDR5 allows us to compute Galactic velocities, orbits, absolute magnitudes, and, for 1751 stars, Bayesian-derived ages. Three different selection methodologies have been adopted to discriminate between thin- and thick-disk stars. In all the cases, the two stellar groups show different [C/H], [C/Fe], and [C/Mg] and span different age intervals, with the thick-disk stars being, on average, older than the thin-disk ones. The behaviors of [C/H], [C/Fe], and [C/Mg] versus [Fe/H], [Mg/H], and age all suggest that C is primarily produced in massive stars. The increase of [C/Mg] for young thin-disk stars indicates a contribution from low-mass stars or the increased C production from massive stars at high metallicities due to the enhanced mass loss. The analysis of the orbital parameters R
med and

supports an “inside–out” and “upside–down” formation scenario for the disks of the Milky Way.
Discovery of a Rare Late-type, Low-mass Wolf–Rayet Star in the LMC
Authors: Margon Bruce , Manea Catherine , Williams Robert , Bond Howard E. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Szymański Michał K. , Morrell Nidia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We report the serendipitous discovery of an object, UVQS J060819.93−715737.4, with a spectrum dominated by extremely intense, narrow C ii emission lines. The spectrum is similar to those of the very rare, late-type [WC11] low-mass Wolf–Rayet stars. Despite the recognition of these stars as a distinct class decades ago, there remains barely a handful of Galactic members, all of which are also planetary-nebula central stars. Although no obvious surrounding nebulosity is present in J0608, [O ii], [N ii], and [S ii] emission suggest the presence of an inconspicuous, low-excitation nebula. There is low-amplitude incoherent photometric variability on timescales of days to years, as well as numerous prominent P Cygni profiles, implying mass loss. There are indications of a binary companion. The star is located on the outskirts of the LMC, and the observed radial velocity (∼+250 km s−1) and proper motion strongly suggest membership. If indeed an LMC member, this is the first extragalactic late [WC] star, and the first with an accurately determined luminosity, as the Galactic examples are too distant for precise parallax determinations. A high-quality, broad-coverage spectrum of the prototype of the late [WC] class, CPD −56° 8032, is also presented. We discuss different excitation mechanisms capable of producing the great strength of the C ii emission. Numerous autoionizing levels of C ii are definitely populated by processes other than dielectronic recombination. Despite the spectacular emission spectra, observational selection makes objects such as these difficult to discover. Members of the [WC11] class may in fact be considerably more common than the handful of previously known late [WC] stars.
Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. II. Detection of Five New Planets, Eight Planet Candidates, and Confirmation of Three Planets around Nine Nearby M Dwarfs*
Authors: Feng Fabo , Butler R. Paul , Shectman Stephen A. , Crane Jeffrey D. , Vogt Steve , Chambers John , Jones Hugh R. A. , Wang Sharon Xuesong , Teske Johanna K. , Burt Jenn , Díaz Matías R. , Thompson Ian B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Zechmeister et al. surveyed 38 nearby M dwarfs from 2000 to 2007 March with VLT2 and the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) spectrometer. These data have recently been reanalyzed, yielding a significant improvement in the Doppler velocity precision. Spurred by this, we have combined the UVES data with velocity sets from High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, Magellan/Planet Finder Spectrograph, and Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Sixteen planet candidates have been uncovered orbiting nine M dwarfs. Five of them are new planets corresponding to radial velocity signals, which are not sensitive to the choice of noise models and are identified in multiple data sets over various time spans. Eight candidate planets require additional observation to be confirmed. We also confirm three previously reported planets. Among the new planets, GJ 180 d and GJ 229A c are super-Earths located in the conservative habitable zones of their host stars. We investigate their dynamical stability using the Monte Carlo approach and find both planetary orbits are robust to the gravitational perturbations of the companion planets. Due to their proximity to the Sun, the angular separation between the host stars and the potentially habitable planets in these two systems is 25 and 59 mas, respectively. They are thus good candidates for future direct imaging by James Webb Space Telescope and E-ELT. In addition, we find GJ 433 c, a cold super-Neptune belonging to an unexplored population of Neptune-like planets. With a separation of 0.″5 from its host star, GJ 433 c is probably the first realistic candidate for the direct imaging of cold Neptunes. A comprehensive survey of these planets is important for the studies of planet formation.
1. Monnaies alternatives et économies ordinaires
Authors: Blanc Jérôme 
Published: January 2020

Depuis les années 1980 se développent des innovations monétaires par et pour les populations avec un ancrage territorial marqué. Ces « technologies sociales » ont pour objet de transformer leurs conditions de vie, avec cependant des visées variables : la construction de communautés conviviales et participatives, l’amélioration des revenus des ménages, le financement d’activités et de projets locaux, la soutenabilité. Elles promeuvent des circuits courts monétaires en mobilisant plusieurs formes de proximité. Ce texte présente succinctement les dynamiques à l’œuvre au travers de quatre types de monnaies alternatives : systèmes d’échange local, banques de temps, monnaies locales inconvertibles et monnaies locales convertibles.
9. L’argent caché : paradis fiscaux, optimisation et évasion fiscale
Authors: Laffitte Sébastien 
Published: January 2020

Pourquoi évoque-t-on les paradis fiscaux lorsqu’on se demande où est l’argent ? « Trous noirs » des flux de capitaux mondiaux, les paradis fiscaux font débat quant à leur définition. Néanmoins, la problématique de l’évasion fiscale a fait l’objet d’une attention accrue ces dernières années, tant dans le discours politique que dans les travaux académiques. Au-delà des pertes qu’ils engendrent du point de vue des gouvernements, les paradis fiscaux génèrent des asymétries de possibilités, notamment à l’avantage des entreprises multinationales et des plus riches individus, qui se caractérisent donc par de forts effets distributifs. La position des pays dans la lutte contre l’évasion fiscale et la difficulté de rétablir une justice fiscale sont éclairés par l’histoire de ces juridictions : ceux-ci semblent s’être développés en parallèle de l’économie capitaliste moderne et parfois accompagnés et couverts par les plus riches pays du monde.
Koliko se lahko približamo željam javnosti za občutno zmanjšanje rabe pesticidov v kmetijski pridelavi in kakšne učinke prinaša uvajanje alternativnih pristopov zatiranja škodljivih organizmov? / How much closer can we get to the public‘s desire for a ...
Authors: Lešnik Mario 
Published: January 2020

IZVLEČEKKoliko se lahko približamo željam javnosti za občutno zmanjšanje rabe pesticidov v kmetijski pridelavi in kakšne učinke prinaša uvajanje alternativnih pristopov zatiranja škodljivih organizmov? V članku so predstavljene nekatere okoliščine odnosa javnosti do postopkov registracije in regulacije rabe fitofarmacevtskih sredstev (FFS) v EU, zahteve po zmanjšanju porabe FFS, možnosti za zmanjšanje porabe FFS in nekateri učinki uvajanja alternativnih metod zatiranja škodljivih organizmov. Znanstveni razvoj na področju varstva rastlin je zagotovil veliko novih sredstev in metod za nekemično zatiranje ŠO, vendar uporaba le teh trenutno ne omogoča popolnega prenehanja rabe kemičnih FFS. Ena od ovir za obsežno zmanjšanje rabe kemičnih FFS je manjša ekonomska učinkovitost zatiranja ŠO z uporabo alternativnih metod in sredstev ter premajhna prilagoditev kmetijskih ekosistemov za izvedbo metod biotičnega varstva (spremembe pri obdelavi tal, v kolobarju, pri gojenju dosevkov, vzdrževanju robnih habitatov). Ključne besede: pesticidi, hrana, varstvo rastlin, škodljivi organizmi, zatiranjeABSTRACTHow much closer can we get to the public‘s desire for a significant reduction in the use of pesticides in agricultural production and what are the effects of introducing alternative approaches to the control of organisms harmful to plants? The article presents some of the conditions of public attitudes to the procedures for registration and regulation of the use of plant protection products (PPP) in the EU, the requirements for reducing the use of PPP, the possibilities for reducing the consumption of PPP and some of the effects of introducing alternative methods of pest, weed and disease control. Scientific developments in the field of plant protection have provided many new means and methods for non-chemical pest control, but the use of these currently does not allow the complete abandonment of the use of chemical PPPs. One of the obstacles to the extensive reduction in the use of chemical PPPs is the lower economic efficiency of the control of pests using alternative methods and resources and the lack of adaptation of agricultural ecosystems for the implementation of biological protection methods (changes in soil cultivation, in crop rotation, in cultivation of cover crops and in the maintenance of habitats surrounding production plots). Key words: pesticides, food, plant protection, plant pests, pest control
Plant pests and disease detection using optical sensors / Daljinsko zaznavanje rastlinskih bolezni in škodljivcev
Authors: Žibrat Uroš , Knapič Matej , Urek Gregor 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTTraditional agricultural plant pest and disease management practices are based on visible characteristics and require that plants are checked individually, making these practices time consuming and therefore costly. Plant pests and diseases also often exhibit a heterogeneous distribution, making detection more difficult. Remote sensing methods enable comparatively accurate detection of pests and diseases over larger areas. Furthermore, because remote sensing sensors utilize light outside the human visible spectrum, presymptomatic detection becomes possible, thus facilitating timely, appropriate and spatially accurate management practices. Because remote sensing systems generate large amount of data, novel data analysis methods, such as machine learning, were introduced to plant protection. While pest and disease detection is possible using individual sensors, best results can be obtained by combining different sensors, utilizing different spectral ranges or physiological responses to light. A large amount of data and information has been generated in the past, but this research has mostly been focused on individual pathogens. Future research will have to focus on combined infections or infestations, and include abiotic stressors as well. Key words: Remote sensing, plant protection, hyperspectral, multispectral, thermal, fluorescence, precision agriculture IZVLEČEKVelikokrat tradicionalni pristopi varstva rastlin pred rastlinskimi boleznimi in škodljivci temeljijo na vidnih simptomih, ki vključuje redno pregledovanje posameznih rastlin. Postopki so zato lahko dolgotrajni in s tem dragi. Bolezni in škodljivci imajo v prostoru pogosto heterogeno razporeditev, kar otežuje njihovo odkrivanje. Metode daljinskega zaznavanja omogočajo razmeroma natančno odkrivanje škodljivcev in bolezni na večjih območjih. Ker uporabljajo senzorji daljinskega zaznavanja tudi svetlobo izven nam vidnega spektra, je možno tudi zgodnje odkrivanje, t.j. odkrivanje pred razvojem vidnih znakov bolezni. To omogoča pravočasno, ustrezno in prostorsko natančno upravljanje z boleznimi in škodljivci. Sistemi daljinskega zaznavanja ustvarjajo velike količine podatkov, zato so bile v varstvo rastlin uvedene sodobne metode za analizo podatkov, na primer strojno učenje. Čeprav je možno zaznava bolezni in škodljivcev z uporabo posameznih senzorjev, lahko dosežemo najboljše rezultate z združevanjem različnih senzorjev, torej z uporabo različnih spektralnih območij ali fizioloških odzivov na svetlobo. Dosedanje raziskave so bile osredotočene na posamezne škodljivce in bolezni. Prihodnje raziskave se bodo morale osredotočiti na kombinirane okužbe ter vključevati tudi abiotske stresorje. Ključne besede: daljinsko zaznavanje, varstvo rastlin, hiperspekter, multispekter, toplotno slikanje, fluorescenca, precizno kmetijstvo
“Con los pobres de la tierra quiero yo mi suerte echar…”: la figura del intelectual-lumpen en las obras de Guillermo Rosales y Pedro Juan Gutiérrez
Authors: Pérez Múgica Cristina 
Published: January 2020

En este artículo, se analizan la novela Boarding home (1987) y la colección de cuentos Trilogía sucia de La Habana (1998) escritas, respectivamente, por los cubanos Guillermo Rosales y Pedro Juan Gutiérrez. Estas obras comparten una característica esencial, dado que nos presentan relatos en primera persona cuyos artífices son creadores literarios que, tras una sucesión dramática de acontecimientos, se han convertido en marginados. Así, los discursos de estos narradores se construyen desde el interior de una realidad signada por las carencias materiales de todo género y la exclusión con respecto a los modelos que rigen el orden social. Partiendo de aquí, me propongo estudiar las actitudes y las trayectorias de ambos personajes, muchas veces coincidentes entre sí, con la intención de establecer los rasgos que puede asumir la figura del intelectual en los territorios excéntricos. Para cumplir con este objetivo, me serviré de varios apoyos teóricos, entre los que destacan la noción de intelligentsia paria forjada por Max Weber, el concepto de infrapolítica desarrollado por James C. Scott y las ideas acerca del lumpen que plantean Karl Marx y Friedrich Engels.
Časová rezidua odečtů P vln ze severokorejské jaderné exploze z roku 2017 a jejich příspěvek k problematice nehomogenit litosféry ve střední Evropě
Authors: Havíř Josef 
Published: January 2020

Laterální nehomogenity v zemském nitru významně ovlivňují časy příchodů seismických vln odečtené na stanicích při seismickém monitorování. Pozorované časy odečtů se liší od předpokládaných časů odvozených na základě globálních rychlostních modelů, přičemž zjištěné rozdíly jsou nazývány časovými rezidui (Tr). V článku je demonstrována problematika vztahu nehomogenit a časů detekce seismických vln na příkladu signálu severokorejské jaderné exploze ze září 2017. Šlo o silnou explozi (magnitudo mb počítané z objemových vln přesáhlo hodnotu 6), jejíž signál byl vzhledem k ostrému začátku a výrazné amplitudě první výchylky podélných vln výjimečně vhodný pro studium časových reziduí. Spolu s dobrou znalostí polohy hypocentra exploze dává zmíněný seismický jev mimořádnou příležitost k pozorování časových reziduí, které jsou zatíženy jen malou chybou a které tak jsou spolehlivějším odrazem vlivu litosférických nehomogenit, než jaký poskytují data jiných seismických jevů. Pro studium časových reziduí v prostoru střední Evropy byla použita data několika stovek seismických stanic. Vyšší kladné hodnoty časových reziduí Tr (tedy zpoždění času detekce oproti modelovému předpokladu), jejichž příčiny jsou stručně diskutovány v tomto článku, byly zjištěny v z. a s. části Západních Karpat a ve v. části Panonské pánve. Naopak výrazně záporné hodnoty časových reziduí byly pozorovány v širokém prostoru Jižních vápencových Alp a v. části Pádské nížiny. Pro regionální a globální seismické monitorování stanicemi situovanými ve střední Evropě (a především na území České republiky) je významným fenoménem především významné (až více než sekundové) zpoždění odečtů, oproti teoretickým odečtům plynoucím z modelu IASPEI, v západní části Západních Karpat. Toto zpoždění je způsobeno souběžně nejen mocnými polohami flyšových sedimentů, ale další příčiny lze hledat ve spodní kůře a nejsvrchnějších partiích pláště.
Petrografie xenolitů vyvřelých hornin v neovulkanitech z lomu Bučník u obce Komňa
Authors: Hašková Michaela , Kropáč Kamil 
Published: January 2020

Neovolcanites from the Uherský Brod area sporadically enclose cm to dm large xenoliths of plutonic rocks. This paper focuses on characterization of xenoliths from the Bučník hill which are enclosed in trachyandesites by using classic petrographic methods. Based on mineral composition and textural features of main rock-forming minerals, the studied xenoliths can be classified as fine- to coarse-grained pyroxenic-amphibolic gabbros or diorites, respectively. They consist mainly of intermediate polysynthetically twinned plagioclase (andesine to labradorite; An44–55) and yellow-brown pleochroic magnesiohastingsite to pargasite (XMg = 0.64–0.75; Si = 6.09–6.29 apfu; Ti = 0.30–0.42 apfu). Relicts of diopside (XMg = 0.70–0.80; Ti = 0.01–0.03 apfu; Na = 0.03–0.04 apfu), brown strongly pleochroic phlogopite leaflets (XMg = 0.58–0.65; Si = 5.51–5.60), apatite columns (predominantly fluorapatite; F = 0.43–0.77 apfu) and K-feldspar (Ab16–17Or82–84An00–01) grains are less frequent. Amphiboles sporadically enclose round or tabular inclusions of labradorite to bytownite (An64–72) and subhedral olivine (Fo64). Xenoliths are similarly to host trachyandesites affected by superimposed hydrothermal alteration. Secondary minerals represent acid plagioclase (An05–10), chlorites (clinochlore; XMg = 0.55–0.67; Si = 3.13–3.29 apfu), carbonates (calcite and siderite), Ti-minerals (ilmenite, rutile and titanite), sulphides (pyrite and chalcopyrite) and less frequently quartz. The genetic affinity of xenoliths and the host neovolcanites is evidenced by the similarity in mineral composition and whole-rock chemistry. Xenoliths can be interpreted either as material from deeper parts of the magma chamber, or more probably as crystal cumulates (i.e. equivalents of cumulate gabbros).
Měkkýší fauna (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) z lokality Mušlov (vídeňská pánev)
Authors: Turek Tomáš , Hladilová Šárka 
Published: January 2020

The Mušlov locality is situated 3.5 km ESE from the town of Mikulov and it is a part of the Vienna Basin. On the locality a profile rich in shallow-water middle Miocene (Badenian) fauna was uncovered. Its substantial part was deposited in fine-grained calcareous sand, to a lesser extent the fauna also occurred in pebbles and blocks of gray algal limestones. Mainly stone cores with calcareous and degrading shells were found in the limestones, while in the calcareous sands the fossils were well preserved. A rich set of small fauna from fine-grained sand was obtained by washing of samples. There have been determined 73 species of Gastropoda and 25 species of Bivalvia. The most abundant species of gastropods are Tricolia eichwaldi, Rissoina podolica, Bittium reticulatum, Gibbula aff . umbilicalis, Jujubinus striatus, Neritina picta and Turritella bicarinata. Among bivalves the most abundand species are Cardites partschi partschi and Linga columbella. Quantity and degree of conservation of fauna indicate minimal transport and slow sedimentation on the sea floor. Based on the found species, the fauna was mainly bound to a fine-grained substrate but there were also species that preferred the solid substrate. The abundant occurrence living on algal species is evidenced by their rich stands. The fauna lived in the shallow sea with a good oxygenation and a normal salinity. The occurrence of some species documents a warm sea between 20–28 °C.
Nový pohled na genezi ordovické oolitické rudy z ložiska Skalka u Mníšku pod Brdy (pražská pánev, Barrandien)
Authors: Buriánek David , Bubík Miroslav , Všianský Dalibor 
Published: January 2020

The Skalka Deposit near Mníšek pod Brdy currently represents one of the best exposed localities of Ordovician oolitic iron ores in the Barrandian. The studied oolitic iron ores consist mainly of siderite (Fe = 1.47–1.86 apfu) and kaolinite (Si = 7.99–8.06 apfu; VIAl = 7.62–7.67 apfu). This mineral association has been formed as a result of the process of diagenesis and has resulted from the decomposition of chlorite and Fe-(oxo-)hydroxides. Presence of colofane indicates rather low temperatures for this transformation. Paleontological record makes the previous hypothesis, that the iron ore deposit was formed in an isolated depression separated from the Prague Basin by a flat elevation, questionable. The presence of abundant graptolites and agglutinated foraminifers in the shales of the Šárka Formation indicates rather deep-water open-marine conditions. Ferruginous ooids are typically formed on shoals affected by wave action. The presence of these ooids in deep-water shale and existence of oolitic iron ore deposit accompanied by this shale does not need to be explained by sudden shallowing, but more likely by reworking of ooids in gravity flows to sublittoral or bathyal depths. Original position of shoal was most likely situated towards NNW where ore deposit and finally the complete Šárka Formation disappear. The fossil record indicates open-marine realm southeast of the Skalka area.