bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Associations Between Modifiable Risk Factors and the Alzheimer's Phenome
Authors: Andrews Shea J. , Fulton‐Howard Brian , O'Reilly Paul , Marcora Edoardo , Goate Alison M. ,   collaborators of the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to infer causal relationships between 22 previously reported risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the “AD phenome”: AD, AD age of onset (AAOS), hippocampal volume, cortical surface area and thickness, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid‐β (Aβ42), tau, and ptau181, and the neuropathological burden of neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and vascular brain injury (VBI).MethodsPolygenic risk scores (PRS) for the 22 risk factors were computed in 26,431 AD cases/controls and the association with AD was evaluated using logistic regression. Two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to infer the causal effect of risk factors on the AD phenome.ResultsPRS for increased education and diastolic blood pressure were associated with reduced risk for AD. MR indicated that only education was causally associated with reduced risk of AD, delayed AAOS, and increased cortical surface area and thickness. Total‐ and LDL‐cholesterol levels were causally associated with increased neuritic plaque burden, although the effects were driven by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the APOE locus. Diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure are causally associated with increased risk of VBI. Furthermore, total cholesterol was associated with decreased hippocampal volume; smoking initiation with decreased cortical thickness; type 2 diabetes with an earlier AAOS; and sleep duration with increased cortical thickness.InterpretationOur comprehensive examination of the genetic evidence for the causal relationships between previously reported risk factors in AD using PRS and MR supports a causal role for education, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, smoking, and diabetes with the AD phenome. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:54–65
A Stearoyl–Coenzyme A Desaturase Inhibitor Prevents Multiple Parkinson Disease Phenotypes in α‐Synuclein Mice
Authors: Nuber Silke , Nam Alice Y. , Rajsombath Molly M. , Cirka Haley , Hronowski Xiaoping , Wang Junmin , Hodgetts Kevin , Kalinichenko Liubov S. , Müller Christian P. , Lambrecht Vera , Winkler Jürgen , Weihofen Andreas , Imberdis Thibaut , Dettmer Ulf , Fanning Saranna , Selkoe Dennis J. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveParkinson disease (PD) has useful symptomatic treatments that do not slow the neurodegenerative process, and no significant disease‐modifying treatments are approved. A key therapeutic target in PD is α‐synuclein (αS), which is both genetically implicated and accumulates in Lewy bodies rich in vesicles and other lipid membranes. Reestablishing αS homeostasis is a central goal in PD. Based on previous lipidomic analyses, we conducted a mouse trial of a stearoyl–coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) inhibitor (“5b”) that prevented αS‐positive vesicular inclusions and cytotoxicity in cultured human neurons.MethodsOral dosing and brain activity of 5b were established in nontransgenic mice. 5b in drinking water was given to mice expressing wild‐type human αS (WT) or an amplified familial PD αS mutation (E35K + E46K + E61K ["3K"]) beginning near the onset of nigral and cortical neurodegeneration and the robust PD‐like motor syndrome in 3K. Motor phenotypes, brain cytopathology, and SCD‐related lipid changes were quantified in 5b‐ versus placebo‐treated mice. Outcomes were compared to effects of crossing 3K to SCD1−/− mice.Results5b treatment reduced αS hyperphosphorylation in E46K‐expressing human neurons, in 3K neural cultures, and in both WT and 3K αS mice. 5b prevented subtle gait deficits in WT αS mice and the PD‐like resting tremor and progressive motor decline of 3K αS mice. 5b also increased αS tetramers and reduced proteinase K‐resistant lipid‐rich aggregates. Similar benefits accrued from genetically deleting 1 SCD allele, providing target validation.InterpretationProlonged reduction of brain SCD activity prevented PD‐like neuropathology in multiple PD models. Thus, an orally available SCD inhibitor potently ameliorates PD phenotypes, positioning this approach to treat human α‐synucleinopathies. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:74–90
Studies of composite films of polyethylene oxide doped with potassium hexachloroplatinate
Authors: AL‐Akhras M‐Ali , Alzoubi Shorooq E. , Ahmad Ahmad A. , Ababneh Riad , Telfah Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe permittivity and conductivity relaxation processes of polyethylene oxide (PEO) composite along with potassium hexachloroplatinate (K2PtCl6) electrolytes additive forming PEO/K2PtCl6 complex composite have been investigated. The complex composite has been used as a model for dry‐polymer electrolytes (PEs) due to the fact that, the anion is large enough for mimicking the immobilized anion in real dry‐polymer electrolytes. Stand‐free composite films with 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% concentrations of K2PtCl6 have been studied using broadband dielectric spectroscopy in the temperatures range from 150 K until 345 K. The microstructural dynamics revealed the α‐, β‐, and σ‐relaxations and their salient spectral characteristics at various concentrations of K2PtCl6 in PEO. The experimental ε” master curves were fitted to HN function for one and/or two relaxation peaks with and without the electrical conductivity contribution in order to investigate the relaxation time (τ), dielectric strengths (Δε), modulus formalism (M”) and the electrical conductivitie (σ). The translational and reorientational degrees of freedom of PEO/K2PtCl6 complex composites are responsible for the relaxation behavior which is predicted to be correlated to the relaxation behavior of the polymer electrolyte below and above the glass transition temperature (Tg). The relaxation time (τ) deduced from β‐relaxation follows Arrhenius‐like behavior while that deduced from α‐relaxation process follows Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher (VTF) behavior.
Comparing methods for controlled capture and quantification of pollen in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Wizenberg Sydney B. , Weis Arthur E. , Campbell Lesley G. 
Published: September 2020

PremisePrecise pollen collection methods are necessary for crop breeding, but anemophilous pollen is notoriously difficult to capture and control. Here we compared a variety of methods for the controlled capture of cannabis pollen, intended to ease the process of cross‐fertilization for breeding this wind‐pollinated plant, and measured the utility of light spectroscopy for quantifying relative pollen yield.Methods and ResultsIn two independent trials, we compared a control method of pollen collection (hand collection) to either vacuum‐, water‐, or bag‐collection methods. We used visible light spectroscopy to quantify relative pollen yield, and validated this approach using microscopic pollen counts. We determined that pollen yield was highest when using hand collection or vacuum collection, but efficiency did not differ significantly among methods.ConclusionsTo maximize yield, pollen should be collected by hand or vacuum, but all collection methods were equally efficient in a relative sense because yield increased with collection time. We also found that light spectroscopy is an accurate and rapid method of quantifying pollen abundance (R2 = 0.86) in a liquid suspension.
Discovering underlying sensations of human emotions based on social media
Authors: Lee Jun , Jatowt Adam , Kim Kyoung‐Sook 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnalyzing social media has become a common way for capturing and understanding people's opinions, sentiments, interests, and reactions to ongoing events. Social media has thus become a rich and real‐time source for various kinds of public opinion and sentiment studies. According to psychology and neuroscience, human emotions are known to be strongly dependent on sensory perceptions. Although sensation is the most fundamental antecedent of human emotions, prior works have not looked into their relation to emotions based on social media texts. In this paper, we report the results of our study on sensation effects that underlie human emotions as revealed in social media. We focus on the key five types of sensations: sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste. We first establish a correlation between emotion and sensation in terms of linguistic expressions. Then, in the second part of the paper, we define novel features useful for extracting sensation information from social media. Finally, we design a method to classify texts into ones associated with different types of sensations. The sensation dataset resulting from this research is opened to the public to foster further studies.
TFA‐Catalyzed [3+2] Spiroannulation of Cyclobutanols: A Route to Spiro[cyclobuta[a]indene‐7,1′‐cyclobutane] Skeletons
Authors: An Zhenyu , Liu Yafeng , Sun Yanwei , Yan Rulong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA straightforward method for the synthesis of spiro[cyclobuta[a]indene‐7,1′‐cyclobutane] derivatives from cyclobutanols has been developed via one‐pot [3+2] spiroannulation. A series of new spiro[cyclobuta[a]indene‐7,1′‐cyclobutane] derivatives are facilely synthesized in good yields under mild reaction conditions.
Is variation in posterior tibial veins a risk factor for deep‐vein thrombosis?
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study proposes variations in the posterior tibial vein as one of the risk factors for deep‐vein thrombosis. Understanding the anatomical classification of the posterior tibial vein would guide the antegrade approach of catheter‐directed thrombolysis.Materials and methodsOne hundred thirty‐four legs from Korean and Thai cadavers were dissected. The posterior tibial veins were classified into four types according to the number of proximal and distal veins.ResultsThe most common type was type Ia (64/134), followed by type IIa (28/134), type Ib (24/134), and type IIb (16/134).ConclusionsThe anterior tibial and fibular veins had exactly two paired veins; however, the posterior tibial vein had many variations. We assume that patients with type IIb and IIa have a higher risk of thrombosis and hidden symptoms due to collateral formation. Additionally, the classification of the posterior tibial vein and dividing into proximal and distal posterior tibial vein would help practitioners predict the course and guide the application of catheter‐directed thrombolysis.
Oncogenic gene TRIM10 confers resistance to cisplatin in osteosarcoma cells and activates the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Xi Xinhua , Bao Yongzheng , Zhou Yangfan , Chen Yu , Zhong Xueren , Liao Junjian , Zhou Jun , Xu Sitao , Cao Ziye , Hu Konghe , Hu Yongyu , He Xiaolong , Zhou Longze , Lin Hongsheng , Wu Qiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeregulation of tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins contribute to multiple biological processes such as neurodegeneration, development, inflammation, cell survival, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of TRIM family proteins in osteosarcoma chemoresistance remain unclear. In the current study, we found the protein expression of TRIM10 was markedly overexpressed in cisplatin resistance's osteosarcoma tissues and TRIM10 overexpression was inversely correlated with osteosarcoma patient survival. Furthermore, overexpression of TRIM10 confers cisplatin resistance on osteosarcoma cells; however, repressing TRIM10 sensitized osteosarcoma cell lines to cisplatin cytotoxicity in vitro. Mechanically, TRIM10 upregulated the nuclear levels of p65, thereby activating canonical NF‐κB signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that TRIM10 contributed to cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma cells, and targeting the TRIM10/p65 axis may represent a promising strategy to enhance cisplatin response in osteosarcoma patients with chemoresistance.
Impact of 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination on the frequency of pneumonia‐related hospitalization and survival in elderly patients with prostate cancer: A seven‐year nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: Li Chung‐Yi , Chen Liang‐Cheng , Lin Hon‐Yi , Lee Moon‐Sing , Hung Shih‐Kai , Lai Chun‐Liang , Huang Li‐Wen , Yu Ben‐Hui , Hsu Feng‐Chun , Chiou Wen‐Yen 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is indicated for adults who have a high risk of pneumonia; however, its effectiveness in patients with prostate cancer who are at a risk of pneumonia because of age and cancer treatments, including androgen‐deprivation therapy, is unknown.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2010, 38,735 patients with prostate cancer were diagnosed in Taiwan. After exclusions and exact matching for age, previous pneumonia, and influenza vaccination, 2188 vaccinated patients and 2188 unvaccinated patients were recruited. The incidence density of all‐cause bacterial pneumonia hospitalizations was analyzed.ResultsOver 7 years of follow‐up, patients who received the PPSV23 had a significantly lower incidence density, with 142.8 per 1000 person‐years versus 162.0 per 1000 person‐years for unvaccinated patients. More patients in the vaccinated cohort were never hospitalized for pneumonia compared with those in the unvaccinated cohort (64.2% vs 62.2%, respectively). After adjusting for the Charlson comorbidity index, cancer treatment modalities, and socioeconomic levels, the risk of pneumonia‐related hospitalization in the PPSV23 vaccination cohort was 0.48 times lower than that in the unvaccinated cohort (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.48; P = .046). For patients who received the influenza vaccination, subgroup analysis demonstrated that PPSV23 vaccination significantly decreased the risk (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.45; P < .001). Compared with unvaccinated controls, PPSV23‐vaccinated patients had a lower cumulative incidence for the first occurrence of pneumonia‐related hospitalization (34.49% vs 36.36%; P = .178) and higher overall survival (47.5% and 42.3%, respectively; P < .001).ConclusionsVaccination of elderly patients who have prostate cancer with the relatively common and inexpensive PPSV23 can decrease the risk of pneumonia and prolong survival.
A Dendrite‐Structured RbX (X=Br, I) Interlayer for CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 15 % Stabilized Efficiency
Authors: He Jingjing , Ge Bing , Hou Yu , Yang Shuang , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Shuang Yang at the East China University of Science and Technology. The image shows a dendrite‐structured interlayer for CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202001629.
A Comprehensive Modeling Analysis of Formate‐Mediated Microbial Electrosynthesis**
Authors: Abel Anthony J. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMediated microbial electrosynthesis (MES) represents a promising strategy for the capture and conversion of CO2 into carbon‐based products. We describe the development and application of a comprehensive multiphysics model to analyze a formate‐mediated MES reactor. The model shows that this system can achieve a biomass productivity of ∼1.7 g L−1 h−1 but is limited by a competitive trade‐off between O2 gas/liquid mass transfer and CO2 transport to the cathode. Synthetic metabolic strategies are evaluated for formatotrophic growth, which can enable an energy efficiency of ∼21 %, a 30 % improvement over the Calvin cycle. However, carbon utilization efficiency is only ∼10 % in the best cases due to a futile CO2 cycle, so gas recycling will be necessary for greater efficiency. Finally, separating electrochemical and microbial processes into separate reactors enables a higher biomass productivity of ∼2.4 g L−1 h−1. The mediated MES model and analysis presented here can guide process design for conversion of CO2 into renewable chemical feedstocks.
The next generation of synthetic cannabinoids: Detection, activity, and potential toxicity of pent‐4en and but‐3en analogues including MDMB‐4en‐PINACA
Authors: Krotulski Alex J. , Cannaert Annelies , Stove Christophe , Logan Barry K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new class of synthetic cannabinoids has emerged as new psychoactive substances (NPS). Similar in structure to JWH‐022, these substances contain alkene modifications to the tail region of the synthetic cannabinoid core structure, and nomenclature denotes these new analogues as pent‐4en or but‐3en species. Internationally, two analogues from this new series recently emerged: MDMB‐4en‐PINACA and MMB‐4en‐PICA. Previously, data regarding activity and potential toxicity were not available. In vitro assessment of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) activation via the β‐arrestin 2 recruitment was studied for three (3) pent‐4en analogues, one (1) but‐3en analogue, and one (1) principal metabolite. MDMB‐4en‐PINACA (2.47 nM, 239%), MDMB‐4en‐PICA (11.5 nM, 302%), and MDMB‐3en‐BINACA (14.3 nM, 286%) were highly potent and efficacious (comparison: JWH‐018, 25.3 nM, 100%), while the potencies of MMB‐4en‐PICA and MDMB‐4en‐PINACA 3,3‐dimethylbutanoic acid were markedly lower. Modifications to core and tail structural features (i.e., indole vs. indazole) led to relatively small differences in potency, while changes among the head region led to larger differences. Sample‐mining and data‐mining conducted on toxicology samples led to the identification of MDMB‐4en‐PINACA in 25 forensic toxicology cases, including postmortem and impaired driving investigations, with case details and limited histories described herein. Moderate geographical distribution of MDMB‐4en‐PINACA was noted in the United States with emergence in the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West regions. Results from toxicology testing paired with case history show the potential for MDMB‐4en‐PINACA to cause or contribute to impairment or death. Forensic scientists, public health and public safety officials, law enforcement, clinicians, medical examiners, and coroners should consider involvement of emergent synthetic cannabinoids in their work and that new analogues containing an alkene tail can retain similar or increased potency and toxicity.
SDMtune: An R package to tune and evaluate species distribution models
Authors: Vignali Sergio , Barras Arnaud G. , Arlettaz Raphaël , Braunisch Veronika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBalancing model complexity is a key challenge of modern computational ecology, particularly so since the spread of machine learning algorithms. Species distribution models are often implemented using a wide variety of machine learning algorithms that can be fine‐tuned to achieve the best model prediction while avoiding overfitting. We have released SDMtune, a new R package that aims to facilitate training, tuning, and evaluation of species distribution models in a unified framework. The main innovations of this package are its functions to perform data‐driven variable selection, and a novel genetic algorithm to tune model hyperparameters. Real‐time and interactive charts are displayed during the execution of several functions to help users understand the effect of removing a variable or varying model hyperparameters on model performance. SDMtune supports three different metrics to evaluate model performance: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the true skill statistic, and Akaike's information criterion corrected for small sample sizes. It implements four statistical methods: artificial neural networks, boosted regression trees, maximum entropy modeling, and random forest. Moreover, it includes functions to display the outputs and create a final report. SDMtune therefore represents a new, unified and user‐friendly framework for the still‐growing field of species distribution modeling.
Genotype‐by‐environment interactions for precopulatory mate guarding in a lek‐mating insect
Authors: Vellnow Nikolas , Schindler Sonja , Schmoll Tim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn sexually reproducing species, males often experience strong pre‐ and postcopulatory sexual selection leading to a wide variety of male adaptations. One example is mate guarding, where males prevent females from mating with other males either before or after they (will) have mated themselves. In case social conditions vary short term and in an unpredictable manner and if there is genetic variation in plasticity of mate guarding (i.e., genotype‐by‐environment interaction, G × E), adaptive behavioral plasticity in mate guarding may evolve.Here, we test for genetic variation in the plasticity of precopulatory mate‐guarding behavior in the lek‐mating lesser wax moth Achroia grisella. When offered two females in rapid succession, virgin males of this species usually copulate around 10–20 min with the first female. With the second female, however, they engage in copulation posture for many hours until they have produced another spermatophore, an unusual behavior among insects possibly functioning as precopulatory mate guarding. Previous studies showed the mating latency with the second female to be shorter under higher perceived sperm competition risk. We accordingly measured the mate‐guarding behavior of males from six inbred lines under either elevated perceived male–male competition risk or under control conditions allowing us to test for G × E interactions.We found significant inbred line‐by‐competitor treatment interactions on mating latency and copulation duration with the second female suggesting genetic variation in the degree of behavioral plasticity. However, we found no significant G × E interaction on the sum of mating latency and copulation duration. Our results suggest a potential for adaptive evolution of mate‐guarding plasticity in natural populations of lek‐mating species. Future studies using selection experiments and experimental evolution approaches in laboratory populations, or comparisons of multiple natural populations will be helpful to study under which conditions plasticity in male mate‐guarding behavior evolves.
Impact of lockdown on patients with congestive heart failure during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Chagué Frédéric , Boulin Mathieu , Eicher Jean‐Christophe , Bichat Florence , Saint Jalmes Maïlis , Cransac‐Miet Amélie , Soudry‐Faure Agnès , Danchin Nicolas , Cottin Yves , Zeller Marianne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsCardiovascular co‐morbidities like congestive heart failure (CHF) alter the course of coronavirus disease 2019. Factors associated with the outbreak and lockdown can exacerbate CHF.Methods and resultsWe analysed the answers of 124 randomly selected CHF outpatients (mean age 71.0 ± 14.0 years, 60.5% male) interviewed by phone during the sixth and seventh weeks of the lockdown. Most patients were treated for New York Heart Association class II (38.7%) and reduced ejection fraction HF (70.2%). Psychological distress (Kessler 6 score ≥ 5) was common (18.5%), and 21.8% felt worse than before the lockdown. Few patients (n = 10) adjusted their intake of HF medications, always on medical prescription. Decreased physical activity was common (41.9%) and more frequent in women (P = 0.025) and urban dwellers (P = 0.009). Almost half of respondents (46.0%) declared increased screen time, but only few declared more alcohol intake (4.0%). Weight gain was common (27.4%), and 44.4% of current smokers increased tobacco consumption. Adherence to recommended salt or fluid intake restrictions was reduced in 14.5%. Increase in HF symptoms was commonly reported (21.8%) and tended to be higher in women than in men (P = 0.074). Of the 23 patients who had a phone teleconsultation during the pandemic, 16 had initially planned an in‐person consultation that they switched for teleconsultation.ConclusionsDuring the lockdown, psychological distress and decreased well‐being were common in CHF outpatients, and there was an increase in unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. These changes may negatively impact short‐term and long‐term prognoses. Medication adherence was maintained, and limitations in access to care were partly counterbalanced by use of telehealth.