bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techniques of transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery in Japan, and the comparison of complication rates by surgeons’ specialty and experience
Authors: Kato Kumiko , Gotoh Momokazu , Takahashi Satoru , Kusanishi Hiroshi , Takeyama Masami , Koyama Masayasu 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate techniques of transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery in Japan, and compare complication rates by surgeons’ specialty and experience with transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery.MethodsWe carried out an anonymous questionnaire survey for surgeons attending a national transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery meeting in 2010. The surgeons were asked to state their specialty, practice patterns, transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery techniques and the number of transvaginal mesh prolapse procedures carried out as an operator including the complications that occurred.ResultsA total of 118 surgeons (59% of the attendees) responded to the questionnaire. The mean age was 44.0 ± 9.1 years, 54 (46%) were gynecologists and 64 (54%) were urologists. All urologists and 78% of gynecologists carried out anti‐incontinence surgery (midurethral sling), whereas more gynecologists (93%) carried out native tissue repair than urologists (73%). Most of both specialties (each 98%) avoided prophylactic anti‐incontinence surgery during prolapse surgery. Concomitant hysterectomy during transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery was generally avoided. Surgeons reached a consensus regarding the critical transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery techniques: hydrodissection (98%) and the full‐thickness dissection (the “Lychee layer”; 69%). A total of 11 935 Prolift‐type transvaginal mesh prolapse procedures were carried out and the following complications were reported: bladder injury (1.6%), rectal injury (0.3%), ureteral injury (0.1%), blood transfusion (0.2%), vaginal exposure (2.8%) and recurrence requiring reoperation (1.1%). Although complications did not differ between specialty, bladder injury, transfusion and vaginal exposure were less prevalent with experienced surgeons (≥50 transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery cases).ConclusionsOver 10 000 transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery had been carried out in Japan with a relatively low complication rate until 2010. This survey shows that surgeons’ experience could lead to a decrease in the amount of transvaginal mesh prolapse surgery complications.
Salivary proteotypes of gingivitis tolerance and resilience
Authors: Bostanci Nagihan , Silbereisen Angelika , Bao Kai , Grossmann Jonas , Nanni Paolo , Fernandez Claudia , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Belibasakis Georgios N. , Lopez Rodrigo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to characterize the salivary proteome during the induction and resolution of gingival inflammation in the course of human experimental gingivitis (EG), and to cluster the proteomic profiles based on the clinically defined “slow” and “fast” response patterns.Materials and MethodsA total of 50 unstimulated whole saliva were obtained from the EG model which was induced over 21 days (days 0, 7, 14 and 21), followed by a two‐week resolution phase (day 35). Label‐free quantitative proteomics using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was applied. Regulated proteins were subject to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis.ResultsA total of 804 human proteins were quantified by ≥ 2 peptides. Principal component analysis depicted significant differences between “fast” and “slow” responders. Despite gingival and plaque scores being similar at baseline among the two groups, “fast” responders presented with 48 proteins that were at > 4‐fold higher levels than “slow” responders. These up‐regulated proteins showed enrichment in “antigen presentation” and “proteolysis.”ConclusionsTogether, these findings highlight the utility of integrative systems‐level quantitative proteomic approaches to unravel the molecular basis of “salivary proteotypes” associated with gingivitis dubbed as “fast” and “slow” responders. Hence, these differential responses may help prognosticate individual susceptibility to gingival inflammation.
Pathogenic profile and cytotoxic activity of Aeromonas spp. isolated from Pectinatella magnifica and surrounding water in the South Bohemian aquaculture region
Authors: Šubrtová Salmonová Hana , Marchi Matilde , Doskočil Ivo , Kodešová Tereza , Vlková Eva 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPectinatella magnifica is an invasive freshwater bryozoan that has expanded in many localities worldwide, including fishing areas. It contains microbial communities, predominantly consisting of Aeromonas bacteria that are frequently associated with fish infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential pathogenicity of Aeromonas spp. associated with P. magnifica and evaluate the health risks for fish. Aeromonas strains were isolated from P. magnifica (101 strains) and from surrounding water (29 strains) in the South Bohemian region and investigated for the presence of 14 virulence‐associated genes using PCR. We demonstrated high prevalence of phospholipase GCAT, polar flagellin, enolase, DNAse, aerolysin/cytotoxic enterotoxin, serine protease and heat‐stable cytotonic enterotoxin‐coding genes. Further, all twelve isolates that were analysed for cytotoxicity against intestinal epithelial cells were found to be cytotoxic. Six of the isolates were also tested as co‐cultures composed of pairs. Enhanced cytotoxicity was observed when the pair was composed of strains from different species. In conclusion, P. magnifica is colonized by Aeromonas strains that have a relatively high prevalence of virulence‐associated genes and the ability to provoke disease. Results also suggest a possibly increased risk arising from mixed infections.
Cytotoxicity of Streptococcus agalactiae secretory protein on tilapia cultured cells
Authors: Palang Iyapa , Hirono Ikuo , Senapin Saengchan , Sirimanapong Wanna , Withyachumnarnkul Boonsirm , Vanichviriyakit Rapeepun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae secrete virulence factors believed to be able of killing host tissues, especially under elevated water temperature. A direct effect of S. agalactiae secretory products on tilapia cells was tested on the tilapia kidney (TK‐1) cell culture. The bacteria were cultured under four different temperature levels: 22, 29, 32 and 37°C; the cell‐free portion was processed through SDS‐PAGE; and distinct bands were identified by LC‐MS/MS. At least, three virulence factors were identified, Bsp, PcsB and CAMP factor, with increasing levels as the cultured temperature rose. Expressions of bsp, pcsB and cfb were also up‐regulated with the rising of the temperature in S. agalactiae culture. The supernatant from the bacteria cultured under specified temperatures was added into TK‐1 cell‐cultured wells. Morphological damage and mortality of the cultured cells, as determined by MTT method, were increased progressively from the supernatant treatment according to the rise of temperature in S. agalactiae culture. This study suggests that the production of the three virulence factors of S. agalactiae reported herein is temperature‐dependent, and it is likely that CAMP factor directly kills the TK‐1 cells since the other two types of protein are involved in S. agalactiae cell division and the bacterial adherence to host tissues.
A visual on‐site method for African swine fever virus detection in raw pig tissues
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Wang Xiudan , Wang Xuejiao , Liu Sen , Jing Hao , Wang HaiXia , Shi Chao , Ma Cuiping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe spread of African swine fever virus (ASFV) leads to high mortality in domestic pigs, and has caused huge losses in the global pork industry. Therefore, the rapid detection of ASFV is essential for the prevention and control of the epidemic. Herein, a denaturation bubble‐mediated strand exchange amplification (SEA) with colorimetric detection strategy for the rapid detection of ASFV was established and the results were visible with the naked eyes. The entire detection process based on isothermal amplification was performed on a portable metal bath only. And the whole process including rapid extraction and visual detection was finished within 50 min. The limit of detection of this method reached to 104 copies/μl of plasmid containing p72 gene. And the ASFV was successfully detected in eight different tissue and seven types of pig feed which revealed a strong anti‐interference ability in the presence of complex matrix. Through comparing 94 field positive and negative ASFV samples, excellent performance of SEA assay with 92.86% sensitivity and 100% specificity relative to PCR was observed. The developed method could be used for on‐site detection of ASFV with simplicity, rapidity, and visuality, especially suitable for pork industry food safety and ASFV control in resource‐limited areas.
The Association Between Income and Incident Homebound Status Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Ornstein Katherine A. , Garrido Melissa M. , Bollens‐Lund Evan , Reckrey Jennifer M. , Husain Mohammed , Ferreira Katelyn B. , Liu Shelley H. , Ankuda Claire K. , Kelley Amy S. , Siu Albert L. 
Published: August 2020

IMPORTANCEA large and growing population of older adults with multimorbidity, cognitive impairment, and functional disability live in the community, but many never or rarely leave their homes. Being homebound is associated with decreased access to medical services, poor health outcomes, and increased mortality. Yet, it is unknown what factors, in particular socioeconomic factors, are associated with new onset of homebound status.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between income and risk of becoming homebound.DESIGNObservational cohort study using 2011 to 2018 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older.SETTINGPopulation‐based study in the United States.PARTICIPANTSA total of 7,042 initially nonhomebound community‐dwelling older adults.EXPOSURETotal annual household income at baseline (in 2011) measured via self‐report.OUTCOMEAnnual measure of homebound status, defined as leaving home an average of 1 d/wk or less.RESULTSOver 7 years, 15.81% of older adults in the lowest income quartile (≤$15,003) became homebound, compared with only 4.64% of those in the highest income quartile (>$60,000). In a competing risks analysis accounting for risks of death and nursing home admission, and adjusted for clinical and demographic characteristics, those in the lowest income quartile had a substantially higher subhazard of becoming homebound than those in the highest income quartile (1.65; 95% confidence interval = 1.20–2.29). Moreover, we see evidence of a gradient in risk of homebound status by income quartile.CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCEOur work demonstrates that financial resources shape the risk of becoming homebound, which is associated with negative health consequences. In the context of existing income disparities, more support is needed to assist older adults with limited financial resources who wish to remain in the community.
Gendered ‘Objective’ Patent Law: Of Binaries and a Singularity
Authors: Lai Jessica C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatent law protects the technical. It is seemingly objective in terminology and application. Yet studies show that males are significantly more likely than females to be the inventors of patented inventions. Patenting is not objective, it is gendered. The reasons for this are multiple and include the fact that patent law itself, including its presumptions and interpretation, is gendered. This article examines how patent law reflects multiple gendered binaries, despite being drafted in ostensibly neutral terms. These serve to favour masculine modes and fields of creation, while ignoring and devaluing feminine knowledge and ways of knowing. We should be concerned that patent law is gendered because patents affect wealth distribution, what is invented and commercialized, and what information and knowledge is disseminated, built upon, and viewed as valuable. Thus, instead of embodying gendered binaries, the law should reflect a singularity – a unique point, where the system degenerates or diverges to recognize and encourage the multiplicity of ways in which invention and innovation can and do occur, beyond socially constructed binaries.
COVID‐19 as a Blood Clotting Disorder Masquerading as a Respiratory Illness: A Cerebrovascular Perspective and Therapeutic Implications for Stroke Thrombectomy
Authors: Janardhan Vallabh , Janardhan Vikram , Kalousek Vladimir 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) as the name suggests was initially thought to only cause a respiratory illness. However, several reports have been published of patients with ischemic strokes in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The mechanisms of how SARS‐CoV‐2 results in blood clots and large vessel strokes need to be defined as it has therapeutic implications. SARS‐CoV‐2 enters the blood stream by breaching the blood‐air barrier via the lung capillary adjacent to the alveolus, and then attaches to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme II receptors on the endothelial cells. Once SARS‐CoV‐2 enters the blood stream, a cascade of events (Steps 1‐8) unfolds including accumulation of angiotensin II, reactive oxygen species, endothelial dysfunction, oxidation of beta 2 glycoprotein 1, formation of antiphospholipid antibody complexes promoting platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade, and formation of cross‐linked fibrin blood clots, leading to pulmonary emboli (PE) and large vessel strokes seen on angiographic imaging studies. There is emerging evidence for COVID‐19 being a blood clotting disorder and SARS‐CoV‐2 using the respiratory route to enter the blood stream. As the blood‐air barrier is breached, varying degrees of collateral damage occur. Although antiviral and immune therapies are studied, the role of blood thinners in the prevention, and management of blood clots in Covid‐19 need evaluation. In addition to ventilators and blood thinners, continuous aspiration and clot retrieval devices (approved in Europe, cleared in the United States) or cyclical aspiration devices (approved in Europe) need to be considered for the emergent management of life‐threatening clots including PE and large vessel strokes.
Physical Activity Opportunities of Low‐Income Elementary School‐Aged Children During the Segmented School Day
Authors: Tyler Emily C. , Brazendale Keith , Hunt Ethan , Rafferty Aaron , Beets Michael W. , Weaver R. Glenn 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn this study, we examined moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) of children in a school district serving children from low‐income and minority households.METHODSThis observational study was conducted in 8 rural elementary schools in South Carolina. Children (N = 719, age = 7.7 years, 48.0% girls, 88.0% African American) wore accelerometers during school hours. Physical activity was distilled into time engaged in MVPA during 4 distinct opportunities. These 4 opportunities were non‐activity time (eg, class‐time), extended lunch (lunch recess after eating), physical education (PE), and recess. Mixed effects linear regressions estimated MVPA on days that had no activity opportunities, extended lunch, recess, PE, and multiple activity opportunities (eg, PE and recess).RESULTSOn days with multiple activity opportunities, girls and boys accumulated 8.0 (95% CI = 4.9, 11.1) and 7.1 (95% CI = 3.6, 10.7) additional minutes of MVPA compared to a no activity day. On PE days boys accumulated 5.2 (95% CI = 0.3, 10.2) additional minutes of MVPA, whereas recess days provided girls with 3.0 (95% CI = 0.1, 6.0) additional MVPA minutes. No other activity opportunities provided statistically significant increases in school‐day MVPA.CONCLUSIONSIn low‐income schools it may be necessary to provide multiple physical activity opportunities during the school day to increase boys' and girls' MVPA.
Pleistocene persistence and expansion in tarantulas on the Colorado Plateau and the effects of missing data on phylogeographical inferences from RADseq
Authors: Graham Matthew R. , Santibáñez‐López Carlos E. , Derkarabetian Shahan , Hendrixson Brent E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMontane species endemic to the “sky islands” of the North American southwest were significantly impacted by changing climates during the Pleistocene. We combined mitochondrial and genomic data with species distribution modelling to determine whether Aphonopelma marxi, a large tarantula from the nearby Colorado Plateau, was similarly impacted by glacial climates. Genetic analyses revealed that the species comprises three main clades that diverged in the Pleistocene. A clade distributed along the Mogollon Rim appears to have persisted in place during glacial conditions, whereas the other two clades probably colonized central and northeastern portions of the species' range from refugia in canyons. Climate models support this hypothesis for the Mogollon Rim, but late glacial climate data appear too coarse to detect suitable areas in canyons. Locations of canyon refugia could not be inferred from genomic analyses due to missing data, encouraging us to explore the effect of missing loci in phylogeographical inferences using RADseq. Results from analyses with varying amounts of missing data suggest that samples with large amounts of missing data can still improve inferences, and the specific loci that are missing matters more than the number of missing loci. This study highlights the profound impact of Pleistocene climates on tarantulas endemic to the Colorado Plateau, as well as the mixed nature of the region's fauna. Some animals recently colonized from nearby deserts as glacial climates receded, whereas others, like tarantulas, appear to have persisted on the Mogollon Rim and in refugia associated with the region's famous river‐cut canyons.
Moving beyond solutionism: Re‐imagining placements through an activity systems lens
Authors: Nisbet Gillian , McAllister Sue , Morris Clare , Jennings Matthew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionClinical placements are central to the process of preparing future health professionals for practice. Health care environments are increasingly complex and demanding with clinical placements often being perceived as a burden on busy health professionals giving rise to a service‐education tension. This tension creates a situation ripe for simplistic solutionist approaches. For example, characterising the problem of clinical placements as students negatively impacting on service productivity results in a reductionist solution such as universities compensating health services for student education. Challenges faced by placement seekers and placement providers are multifaceted and complex requiring a more sophisticated understanding and response to the challenges of involving students in the workplace to prepare them for the future workforce.Re‐conceptualisationWe argue that the health and education systems have become de‐coupled. Learning and working are seen as distinct activities that are at odds with one another. Re‐imagining the purposes and practices of clinical placements for the mutual benefit of patients, health services and students may fruitfully address this disconnect.Worked exampleWe present a worked example using the conceptual and analytical tools of cultural‐historical activity theory to articulate what we have learnt about this health‐education disconnect. Our worked example draws on research involving a series of clinical education case studies within acute care contexts.ConclusionThrough the lens of cultural‐historical activity theory, we highlight that solutionist approaches are entrenched in a de‐coupling of health from education where the shared object of preparing the future workforce is fragmented. Successful re‐coupling requires a partnership that is founded on a shared commitment to preparing the future workforce; recognises that learning and practice are inseparable; and understands that both activity systems are fluid and that collaboration to stay focused on the shared object of preparing the future workforce is complex, challenging and ongoing work.
Survival and success of autotransplanted impacted maxillary canines during short‐term follow‐up: A prospective case‐control study
Authors: Grisar Koenraad , Smeets Max , Ezeldeen Mostafa , Shaheen Eman , De Kock Lisa , Politis Constantinus , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis prospective clinical trial aimed to examine the predictability of maxillary canine transplantation as compared to biological canine eruption. Additional objectives were to examine hard and soft tissue outcomes, including aesthetic outcome compared to outcomes with the contralateral canines.Settings and Sample PopulationThe sample comprised 17 consecutively transplanted maxillary canines in 17 patients (mean age at surgery, 18 years; range, 11‐29 years). Minimal follow‐up time was 12 months post‐transplantation. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded for the transplanted and contralateral canines, showing a natural eruption pattern.Material and MethodsThe Maxillary Canine Aesthetic Index (MCAI) and the Autotransplanted Maxillary Canine Radiological Index (AMCRI) were scored for all upper canines. Successful transplantation was considered as the absence of pathology during intermittent clinical and radiographic controls and a good‐to‐excellent outcome compared to the contralateral biological erupted canine, as defined by the MCAI and AMCRI.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 28 months (±9; range, 12‐40 months). The overall survival rate was 100%, and the success rate reached 68% at 1 year post‐operatively. Significant predictors of success were the extra‐oral time during transplantation, amount of damage to the root surface, quality of surrounding tissues and immediate post‐operative oral hygiene.ConclusionStandardized measurements demonstrated clinically satisfactory outcomes with maxillary canine autotransplantation compared to outcomes with the contralateral canine during 1‐3 years of follow‐up. The potential predictors of success identified here should be confirmed with long‐term follow‐up studies.