bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MACHINING OF HARDSTONE QUARTZ WITH MODIFIED AJM PROCESS USING HOT SiC ABRASIVES: ANALYSIS, MODELING, OPTIMIZATION, AND COST ANALYSIS
Authors: PRADHAN SUBHADIP , DAS SUDHANSU RANJAN , NANDA BASANTA KUMAR , JENA PANKAJ CHARAN , DHUPAL DEBABRATA 
Published: October 2020

Machining of hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics, glass, and silicon is a formidable task. Unlike cutting processes employing plasma and lasers, better machining capabilities of abrasive jet machining are characterized by thermally damaged free surface which is highly competitive as well as important for survival of materials in service. In this paper, an attempt has been made to combine hot abrasives and compressed air to form a hot abrasive air jet. This study aims to analyze the cutting performance in hot-abrasive jet machining (HAJM) of hardstone quartz concerning surface roughness, taper angle (TA), and material removal rate (MRR). Combined approach of Box–Behnken design — analysis of variance, response surface methodology, and statistical technique (here desirability function approach), followed by computational approach (here genetic algorithm), is, respectively, employed for experimental investigation, predictive modeling, and multi-response optimization. Thereafter, the effectiveness of proposed two multi-objective optimization techniques is evaluated by confirmation test and subsequently, the best optimal solution (i.e. at air pressure of 7[Formula: see text]kgf/cm2, abrasive temperature of [Formula: see text]C, stand-off distance of 4 mm) is used for economic analysis. Result shows that the most significant parameter is abrasive temperature for surface roughness, whereas it is pressure in case of both TA and MRR. Applications of hot abrasives in AJM process have shown attention in enhancing the cutting performance for material removal. Due to lower percentage contribution of error (6.68% to Rz, 9.89% to TA, and 6.42% in case of MRR), a higher correlation coefficient ([Formula: see text]) was obtained with the quadratic regression model, which showed values of 0.92, 0.9, and 0.93 for surface roughness, TA, and MRR, respectively.
Novel Methylated DNA Markers in the Surveillance of Colorectal Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Xie Hao , Mahoney Douglas W. , Foote Patrick H. , Burger Kelli N. , Doering Karen A. , Taylor William R. , Then Sara S. , Cao Xiaoming , McGlinch Maria , Berger Calise K. , Wu Tsung-Teh , Hubbard Joleen M. , Allawi Hatim T. , Kaiser Michael W. , Lidgard Graham P. , Ahlquist David A. , Kisiel John B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose:We aimed to assess the concordance of colorectal cancer–associated methylated DNA markers (MDM) in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer for feasibility in detection of distantly recurrent/metastatic colorectal cancer in plasma.Experimental Design:A panel of previously discovered colorectal cancer–associated MDMs was selected. MDMs from primary and paired metastatic colorectal cancer tissue were assayed with quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Plasma MDMs were measured blindly by target enrichment long-probe quantitative-amplified signal assays. Random forest modeling was used to derive a prediction algorithm of MDMs in archival plasma samples from primary colorectal cancer cases. This algorithm was validated in prospectively collected plasma samples from recurrent colorectal cancer cases. The accuracy of the algorithm was summarized as sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC).Results:Of the 14 selected MDMs, the concordance between primary and metastatic tissue was considered moderate or higher for 12 MDMs (86%). At a preset specificity of 95% (91%–98%), a panel of 13 MDMs, in plasma from 97 colorectal cancer cases and 200 controls, detected stage IV colorectal cancer with 100% (80%–100%) sensitivity and all stages of colorectal cancer with an AUC of 0.91 (0.87–0.95), significantly higher than carcinoembryonic antigen [AUC, 0.72 (0.65–0.79)]. This panel, in plasma from 40 cases and 60 healthy controls, detected recurrent/metastatic colorectal cancer with 90% (76%–97%) sensitivity, 90% (79%–96%) specificity, and an AUC of 0.96 (0.92–1.00). The panel was positive in 0.30 (0.19–0.43) of 60 patients with no evidence of disease in post-operative patients with colorectal cancer.Conclusions:Plasma assay of novel colorectal cancer–associated MDMs can reliably detect both primary colorectal cancer and distantly recurrent colorectal cancer with promising accuracy.
In-depth Clinical and Biological Exploration of DNA Damage Immune Response as a Biomarker for Oxaliplatin Use in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Malla Sudhir B. , Fisher David J. , Domingo Enric , Blake Andrew , Hassanieh Sylvana , Redmond Keara L. , Richman Susan D. , Youdell Michael , Walker Steven M. , Logan Gemma E. , Chatzipli Aikaterina , Amirkhah Raheleh , Humphries Matthew P. , Craig Stephanie G. , McDermott Ultan , Seymour Matthew T. , Morton Dion G. , Quirke Philip , West Nicholas P. , Salto-Tellez Manuel , Kennedy Richard D. , Johnston Patrick G. , Tomlinson Ian , Koelzer Viktor H. , Campo Letitia , Kaplan Richard S. , Longley Daniel B. , Lawler Mark , Maughan Timothy S. , Brown Louise C. , Dunne Philip D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
The DNA damage immune response (DDIR) assay was developed in breast cancer based on biology associated with deficiencies in homologous recombination and Fanconi anemia pathways. A positive DDIR call identifies patients likely to respond to platinum-based chemotherapies in breast and esophageal cancers. In colorectal cancer, there is currently no biomarker to predict response to oxaliplatin. We tested the ability of the DDIR assay to predict response to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer and characterized the biology in DDIR-positive colorectal cancer.

Experimental Design:
Samples and clinical data were assessed according to DDIR status from patients who received either 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or 5FUFA (bolus and infusion 5-FU with folinic acid) plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) within the FOCUS trial (n = 361, stage IV), or neoadjuvant FOLFOX in the FOxTROT trial (n = 97, stage II/III). Whole transcriptome, mutation, and IHC data of these samples were used to interrogate the biology of DDIR in colorectal cancer.

Results:
Contrary to our hypothesis, DDIR-negative patients displayed a trend toward improved outcome for oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy compared with DDIR-positive patients. DDIR positivity was associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) and colorectal molecular subtype 1. Refinement of the DDIR signature, based on overlapping IFN-related chemokine signaling associated with DDIR positivity across colorectal cancer and breast cancer cohorts, further confirmed that the DDIR assay did not have predictive value for oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Conclusions:
DDIR positivity does not predict improved response following oxaliplatin treatment in colorectal cancer. However, data presented here suggest the potential of the DDIR assay in identifying immune-rich tumors that may benefit from immune checkpoint blockade, beyond current use of MSI status.
Heparan Sulfate Synthesized by Ext1 Regulates Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling and Promotes Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in GBM
Authors: Ohkawa Yuki , Wade Anna , Lindberg Olle R. , Chen Katharine Y. , Tran Vy M. , Brown Spencer J. , Kumar Anupam , Kalita Mausam , James C. David , Phillips Joanna J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Signaling from multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) contributes to therapeutic resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). Heparan sulfate (HS), present on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix, regulates cell signaling via several mechanisms. To investigate the role for HS in promoting RTK signaling in GBM, we generated neural progenitor cells deficient for HS by knockout of the essential HS-biosynthetic enzyme Ext1, and studied tumor initiation and progression. HS-null cells had decreased proliferation, invasion, and reduced activation of multiple RTKs compared with control. In vivo tumor establishment was significantly decreased, and rate of tumor growth reduced with HS-deficient cells implanted in an HS-poor microenvironment. To investigate if HS regulates RTK activation through platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) signaling, we removed cell surface HS in patient-derived GBM lines and identified reduced cell surface PDGF-BB ligand. Reduced ligand levels were associated with decreased phosphorylation of PDGFRα, suggesting HS promotes ligand–receptor interaction. Using human GBM tumorspheres and a murine GBM model, we show that ligand-mediated signaling can partially rescue cells from targeted RTK inhibition and that this effect is regulated by HS. Indeed, tumor cells deficient for HS had increased sensitivity to EGFR inhibition in vitro and in vivo.

Implications:
Our study shows that HS expressed on tumor cells and in the tumor microenvironment regulates ligand-mediated signaling, promoting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and these factors contribute to decreased tumor cell response to targeted RTK inhibition.
Antecedent Administration of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists and Survival After Hospitalization for COVID‐19 Syndrome
Authors: Palazzuoli Alberto , Mancone Massimo , De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Forleo Giovanni , Secco Gioel G. , Ruocco Gaetano M. , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Monticone Silvia , Paggi Anita , Vicenzi Marco , Palazzo Anna G. , Landolina Maurizio , Taravelli Erika , Tavazzi Guido , Blasi Francesco , Infusino Fabio , Fedele Francesco , De Rosa Francesco G. , Emmett Michael , Schussler Jeffrey M. , Tecson Kristen M. , McCullough Peter A. 
Published: October 2020

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) utilizes the angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE‐2) receptor to enter human cells. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) are associated with ACE‐2 upregulation. We hypothesized that antecedent use of ACEI/ARB may be associated with mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).

Methods and Results

We used the Coracle registry, which contains data of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 in 4 regions of Italy, and restricted analyses to those ≥50 years of age. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Among these 781 patients, 133 (17.0%) used an ARB and 171 (21.9%) used an ACEI. While neither sex nor smoking status differed by user groups, patients on ACEI/ARB were older and more likely to have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure. The overall mortality rate was 15.1% (118/781) and increased with age (
P
Trend
<0.0001). The crude odds ratios (ORs) for death for ACEI users and ARB users were 0.98, 95% CI, 0.60–1.60,
P
=0.9333, and 1.13, 95% CI, 0.67–1.91,
P
=0.6385, respectively. After adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and congestive heart failure, antecedent ACEI administration was associated with reduced mortality (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31–0.98,
P
=0.0436); a similar, but weaker trend was observed for ARB administration (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.32–1.07,
P
=0.0796).

Conclusions
In those aged ≥50 years hospitalized with COVID‐19, antecedent use of ACEI was independently associated with reduced risk of inpatient death. Our findings suggest a protective role of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibition in patients with high cardiovascular risk affected by COVID‐19.
Cost-Effectiveness of Tenecteplase Before Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gao Lan , Moodie Marj , Mitchell Peter J. , Churilov Leonid , Kleinig Timothy J. , Yassi Nawaf , Yan Bernard , Parsons Mark W. , Donnan Geoffrey A. , Davis Stephen M. , Campbell Bruce C.V. ,   for the EXTEND-IA TNK Investigators
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:
Tenecteplase improved functional outcomes and reduced the requirement for endovascular thrombectomy in ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in the EXTEND-IA TNK randomized trial. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of tenecteplase versus alteplase in this trial.

Methods:
Post hoc within-trial economic analysis included costs of index emergency department and inpatient stroke hospitalization, rehabilitation/subacute care, and rehospitalization due to stroke within 90 days. Sources for cost included key study site complemented by published literature and government websites. Quality-adjusted life-years were estimated using utility scores derived from the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. Long-term modeled cost-effectiveness analysis used a Markov model with 7 health states corresponding to 7 modified Rankin Scale scores. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results:

Within the 202 patients in the randomized controlled trial, total cost was nonsignificantly lower in the tenecteplase-treated patients (40 997 Australian dollars [AUD]) compared with alteplase-treated patients (46 188 AUD) for the first 90 days(
P
=0.125). Tenecteplase was the dominant treatment strategy in the short term, with similar cost (5412 AUD [95% CI, −13 348 to 2523];
P
=0.181) and higher benefits (0.099 quality-adjusted life-years [95% CI, 0.001–0.1967];
P
=0.048), with a 97.4% probability of being cost-effective. In the long-term, tenecteplase was associated with less additional lifetime cost (96 357 versus 106 304 AUD) and greater benefits (quality-adjusted life-years, 7.77 versus 6.48), and had a 100% probability of being cost-effective. Both deterministic sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusions:
Both within-trial and long-term economic analyses showed that tenecteplase was highly likely to be cost-effective for patients with acute stroke before thrombectomy. Recommending the use of tenecteplase over alteplase could lead to a cost saving to the healthcare system both in the short and long term.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02388061.
When Does the Saharan Air Layer Impede the Intensification of Tropical Cyclones?
Authors: Huang W. T. K. , Poberaj C. Schnadt , Enz B. , Horat C. , Lohmann U. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigate the circumstances under which the Saharan air layer (SAL) has a negative impact on the intensification of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Atlantic Ocean. Using hurricane tracking, aerosol optical depth (AOD) data, and meteorological analyses, we analyze the interaction of the SAL with 52 named TCs that formed over the east and central Atlantic south of the Cape Verde islands between 2004 and 2017. Following the categorization of negative SAL influences on TC intensification by Dunion and Velden, only 21% of the investigated storms can be classified (28% of all storms that encountered the SAL), and 21% of the storms continue to intensify despite the presence of the SAL. We show that among TCs that encounter the SAL, there is evidence supporting a weak negative correlation between the magnitude of TC intensification and the ambient AOD. However, above-average Saharan dust abundance in the vicinity of TCs is not a good independent indicator for storm nonintensification. To better understand the specific processes involved, a composite study is carried out, contrasting storms that intensify in the presence of the SAL against those that do not. We find that sheared air masses on the north side and drier air from the northeast of the storm early on during its lifetime, in addition to higher AOD, are associated with TC nonintensification in proximity to the SAL.
Undertriage Despite Use of Geriatric-Specific Trauma Team Activation Guidelines
Authors: Anantha Ram V. , Painter Matthew D. , Diaz-Garelli Franck , Nunn Andrew M. , Miller Preston R. , Chang Michael C. , Jason Hoth J. 
Published: October 2020

Background Elderly trauma patients are at risk for undertriage, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether implementation of geriatric-specific trauma team activation (TTA) protocols appropriately identified severely-injured elderly patients. Methods This single-center retrospective study evaluated all severely injured (injury severity score [ISS] >15), geriatric (≥65 years) patients admitted to our Level 1 tertiary-care hospital between January 2014 and September 2017. Undertriage was defined as the lack of TTA despite presence of severe injuries. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes were mortality within 48 hours of admission and urgent hemorrhage control. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of appropriate triage in this study. Results Out of 1039 severely injured geriatric patients, 628 (61%) did not undergo TTA. Undertriaged patients were significantly older and had more comorbidities. In-hospital mortality was 5% and 31% in the undertriaged and appropriately triaged groups, respectively ( P < .0001). One percent of undertriaged patients needed urgent hemorrhage control, compared to 6% of the appropriately triaged group ( P < .0001). One percent of undertriaged patients died within 48 hours compared to 19% in the appropriately triaged group ( P < .0001). Predictors of appropriate triage include GCS, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, lactic acid, ISS, shock, and absence of dementia, stroke, or alcoholism. Discussion Geriatric-specific TTA guidelines continue to undertriage elderly trauma patients when using ISS as a metric to measure undertriage. However, undertriaged patients have much lower morbidity and mortality, suggesting the geriatric-specific TTA guidelines identify those patients at highest risk for poor outcomes.
Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Laparoscopic Surgery for Large Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Yu Miao , Wang Deng-chao , Wei Jian , Lei Yue-hua , Fu Zhao-jun , Yang Yu-hui 
Published: October 2020

Background The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis comparing the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic versus open resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) larger than 5 cm. Method We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase for relevant articles. Randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials were identified and included in this study. Searching for related articles on large GIST (>5 cm) for laparoscopic resection (laparoscopic group [LAPG]) and open resection (open group [OG]), RevMan 5.3 was used for data analysis, comparing 2 groups of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complications, length of hospital stay, recurrence rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Results Seven studies including 440 patients were identified for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that LAPG had less bleeding, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and a better 5-year disease-free survival. There was no significant difference between LAPG and OG in operation time, postoperative complications, recurrence rate, and overall survival. Conclusion Laparoscopic resection of large (>5 cm) GIST is safe and feasible and has the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss and fast postoperative recovery, with a good outcome in the recent oncology.
Recurrent Hemoptysis: A Bronchial Dieulafoy’s Lesion in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Ruthberg Jeremy S. , Abrol Anish , Howard N. Scott 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This paper presents a case of a bronchial Dieulafoy’s lesion in a pediatric patient with recurrent hemoptysis. Case report: A 11-year old female presented multiple times with dry cough and hemoptysis to an outside hospital, each time leading to a diagnosis of epistaxis and subsequent discharge. When she arrived to our tertiary center with heavy hemoptysis and no evidence of epistaxis, the patient was urgently taken to the operating room by both the otolaryngology and pediatric pulmonology services. Active bleeding from a Dieulafoy’s lesion on the right lower bronchus was found and selective embolization of two tortuous arteries was subsequently performed. The patient was discharged in stable condition without recurrence of hemoptysis over the last two months. Conclusion: While rare, especially in pediatric patients, bronchial Dieulafoy’s lesions may cause severe hemoptysis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when the etiology for hemoptysis is unclear.
News reporting of suicidal behaviour in Nigeria: Adherence assessment to World Health Organization guidelines
Authors: Oyetunji Tosin Philip , Arafat SM Yasir , Oluwaseyi Famori Stephen , Oluwasanmi Obafemi , Afolami Michael , Ajayi Faith Moyo 
Published: October 2020

Background: Sensible media reporting has been considered an important suicide prevention strategy which is an under-researched issue in Nigeria. There is a dearth of research assessing how the media has been reporting suicidal news to the general population in Nigeria. Aim: It was aimed to see the adherence of news reports to the World Health Organization (WHO) suicide reporting guidelines while reporting the events. Methods: We searched the published contents of 10 English newspapers of Nigeria and assessed the adherence to the WHO media guidelines for reporting suicide from January 2010 to December 2019. Results: Most of the reports (85.31%) mentioned completed suicides, 4.4% recorded suicides, and 9.5% recorded suicide-related homicides. The majority of the reports mentioned the name (85.6%) and profession (63.8%) of the person; the name of the method (92%) and life events (67.8%). The word ‘suicide’ was mentioned in the headline of 87.6% of the reports; the method was mentioned in the headline of 22.8% of the reports, and 31.7% of the reports referred to life events in the headline. Only 8.8% of reports had traced mental illness, 33.3% traced the warning signs, 2.8% mentioned evidence of substance abuse and very few reports mentioned educative materials. Conclusion: The study found that Nigeria’s online newspapers are poorly adherent to the WHO media reporting guidelines. Explicit descriptions of the person, methods, life events, and mono-causal explanations were frequently published. Negligible initiatives have been found to educate the general people in the reports.
Sexual and Gender Minority Status and Firearms in the Household: Findings From the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Surveys, California and Texas
Authors: Blosnich John R. , Clark Kirsty A. , Mays Vickie M. , Cochran Susan D. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives Although lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people have a higher prevalence of reporting a lifetime suicide attempt than non-LGBT people, suicide prevention research on access to lethal means (eg, firearms) among LGBT people is limited. Our study examined (1) the presence of firearms in the home and (2) among respondents with firearms in the home, the storage of firearms as stored unloaded, stored as loaded and locked, or stored as loaded and unlocked. Methods We used data from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys from California and Texas (N = 11 694), which were the only states to include items about both sexual orientation and gender identity and the status of firearms in the home. We used logistic regression analysis to assess the association of sexual orientation and gender identity with having firearms in the home while accounting for sociodemographic characteristics and survey state. All analyses were weighted to account for the complex sampling design. Results Approximately 4.2% of the sample identified as lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB). About 18.2% of LGB people reported firearms in the home compared with 29.9% of their heterosexual peers. After adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and military veteran status, LGB respondents had significantly lower odds of reporting firearms in the home than their heterosexual peers (adjusted odds ratio = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.84). Among respondents with firearms in the home, firearm storage did not differ by sexual orientation. Conclusions Further research is needed to examine whether lower odds of firearms in the home are protective against suicide deaths among LGB populations.