bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Foreign Bodies in a 5-Year Old: Non-Accidental Trauma
Authors: Mulenga Mulewa , Shinondo Patricia , Bvulani Bruce Chikasa 
Published: September 2020

Foreign bodies, a significant proportion of which are a result of non-accidental trauma, are common but under-reported. Pediatric foreign body injuries can be inconsequential, severe or even fatal, and cause long-lasting morbidity and the need for treatment and hospitalization. Evaluation of injury or death requires elements of detection, pattern recognition, interpretation and comparison, all based on clinical, radiological and forensic experience with normal and abnormal findings. We report an unusual and strange case of non-accidental trauma in a young child who presented to our surgical services with 44 sewing needles and wires in his body. The patient had specific characteristics or risks for abuse. His injuries were evaluated, recognized, documented and reported. He was treated for peritonitis and malnutrition and the foreign bodies removed using staged operations under image guidance. Patient’s recovery was uneventful.
Keywords: Multiple foreign bodies, Trauma
Inion Not a Reliable Landmark of the Torcula in Posterior Fossa Craniotomies
Authors: Otieno Elisha Harry , Mwachaka Philip , Odula Paul , Cheruiyot Isaac , Munguti Jeremiah 
Published: September 2020

Background: Sub-occipital craniotomies are used in surgical approaches into the posterior cranial fossa. The inion is used as an extracranial landmark of the torcula in burr hole placement. However, inadvertent damage to the torcula and the related sinuses due to variant intracranial location of the torcula has been reported. This study aimed at determining the position of the torcula in relation to the inion.
Method: 40 adult open skulls were obtained and the positional relationship between the inion and the torcula assessed. Results: The torcula was at the same level with the inion in half of the cases (50%), below it in 12 cases (30%), and above in 8 cases (20%). The position above the inion ranged from 0.38 to 2.40 cm and below it from 0.75 to 2.45 cm.
Conclusion: The torcula lies either at the level of the inion in only half of the cases. The surgeon should augment this physical landmark with radiographs to avoid iatrogenic injuries.
Keywords: Inion, Posterior fossa, Craniotomies
Epidemiology and Management of Peritonitis at a Rural Hospital in Zambia
Authors: Karachentsev Sergiy 
Published: September 2020

Background: Peritonitis is a common surgical emergency with varying etiologies encountered the world over. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite intensive research and advances in management.
Methods: Records of 119 patients operated on for peritonitis at a rural surgical hospital in Zambia over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Common sources of peritonitis were perforated peptic ulcer, acute appendicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and perforated terminal ileum. Postoperative period became complicated in 42 patients (32.3%). Fourteen patients (11.8%) died postoperatively; the highest level of mortality was in patients with perforated peptic ulcer (26%). Organ failure was found in 29 patients (24.4%) and was associated with increased risk of death.
Conclusions: Individual approach with identifying signs of organ failure is essential to determine the patient’s prognosis and decide on the level of care. Patients without organ dysfunction can be successfully managed in a rural surgical hospital.
Keywords: Peritonitis, Epidemiology, Morbidity, Mortality, Rural hospital, Zambia
Performance and behavior of a horizontal well in reservoir subject to double-edged water drive
Authors: Oloro J.O. , Adewole S.E. 
Published: September 2020

Determining the performance and behavior of horizontal well subjected by double-edge water drive reservoir at a late time period has been a concern to many researchers. Wellbore pressure losses during production in horizontal well increase conning propensity at late period thus rendering some part of the horizontal well unproductive. This restricts the effectiveness of increasing the horizontal well length due to wellbore pressure losses along the horizontal well. This study was carried out by using source function and Newman rule to develop models to predict the performance and behavior of a horizontal well which was subjected by double Edgewater and numerical method was used for the computation and Sensitivity analysis of parameters was performed. The results show that the performance and behavior of the reservoir for this study were found to be when the well is position at well length (XWD: YWD: ZWD), in the ratio of 12:7:15 respectively.
Keywords: Double edged, Performance, Reservoir, Water Drive, Late Period.
Rheological characteristics of aluminium oxide (AL2O3) based nanolubricant
Authors: Ogbonnaya M. , Ajayi O.O. , Waheed M.A. 
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the rheological measurement of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanolubricant. The nanolubricant was prepared using the two-step method from dry Al2O3 nanoparticles and Capella D lubricant as base fluid. The dynamic viscosity of the Al2O3 nanolubricant at constant shear rate was measured at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 278 K to 323 K for pure based lubricant along with nanolubricant mass concentration of 1%, 2% and 4% with nanoparticle size of 10 nm, 20-30 nm and 80 nm. The measured data was analysed using the linear fit and exponential function fit. The result showed that at constant particle size and concentration, the dynamic viscosity reduces with increase in temperature while at constant temperature, the viscosity increased with nanoparticle concentration. The exponential function fit regression best describe the relationship between the viscosity and temperature when compared with the linear fit regression while the polynomial function fit best describe the relationship between the viscosity and mass concentration.
Keywords: Dynamic viscosity, nanolubricant, shear rate, regression, concentration, temperature
Anomaly detection of android malware using One-Class K-Nearest Neighbours (OC-KNN)
Authors: Gyunka B.A. , Barda S.I. 
Published: September 2020

The advent of the Android Operating System has recorded a remarkable ground-breaking opportunities in the Technological world. However, this great breakthrough also has a very dark side – an uncontrollable rapid continuous releases of malware in the wild, targeted at the platform and all its information and human assets. The misuse-based approaches adopted by many detection systems do no longer have the rigidity and the tenacity to accommodate the rapid successive releases of malware that come in great volume in order to keep up with active defenses against unknown and novel attacks. Systems that are capable of offering anomaly protection are thus in dire need. This study developed a normality model that is based on One-Class K-Nearest Neighbour (OC-kNN) Machine Learning approach for anomaly detection of Android Malware. The OC-kNN was trained, using WEKA 3.8.2 Machine Learning Suite, through a semi-supervise procedure that contained mostly benign and a very few outliers Android application samples. The OC-kNN had 88.57% true performance accuracy for normal instances while 71.9% was recorded as true performance accuracy for outliers (unknown) instances. The false alarm rates for both normal and outlier’s instances were recorded as 28.1% and 11.5%. The study concluded that a One-Class Classification model is an effective approach to be used for the detection of unknown Android malware.
Keywords: Android; Machine Learning, Malware, One-Class Classification, Anomaly Detection, Outlier Detection, Novelty Detection, Concept Learning, k-NN
Voltage stability analysis of the Nigerian Power System using annealing optimization technique
Authors: Mbunwe M.J. , Ekwue A.O. 
Published: September 2020

The paper addresses the means of overcoming the challenge posed by voltage collapse to the stability of the Nigerian electric power system. The technique applied is based on time identification algorithm elaborating, at a given grid bus, the local phasor measurements at fast sampling rate. Elements such as adjustable shunt compensation devices, generator reactive generation, transformer tap settings are optimally adjusted at each operating point to reach the objective of minimizing the voltage stability index at each individual bus as well as minimizing the global voltage stability indicator. The control elements setting were optimized and the maximum possible MVA voltage stable loading has been achieved and a best voltage profile was obtained. Results of tests conducted on a 6-bus IEEE system and a typical 28-bus Nigerian power distribution network are presented and discussed.
Keywords: Special protection systems, voltage stability analysis, voltage stability limit, voltage collapse mechanism, system security
Critical motivational factors for enhancing employee performance in construction firms based on correlation and principal component analyses
Authors: Zailani M.B. , Ibrahim A.G. , Bahago Y. 
Published: September 2020

Over the years, construction firms have often hinged their success on the effective motivation of their employees so as to ensure productivity and improved performance. Previous studies noted that various factors affect the motivational level of employees with regards to work performance. However, due to the difference in employee needs, not all motivational factors have influence on employees’ performance. This study sets out to assess the influence of motivational factors on the performance of employees in construction firms. The study aim was achieved through the identification and assessment of critical motivational factors (intrinsic and extrinsic) in the Nigerian construction firms. Perceptual data was collected from employees of selected construction firms using a structured questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Motivational factors were ranked based on respective mean scores from the most to the least influential. Extrinsic motivational factors such as promotion when due, availability of resources and provision of transportation for employees were found to be the most influential factors on performance. Whereas, constant supervision was found to have the least influence on performance. Findings of the study provides construction firms with empirical data on factors that influence the motivation level of employees with a view to optimizing employee productivity. It is recommended that construction firms should pay close attention to the peculiar needs of respective employees which aids in optimizing organizational performance.
Keywords: Motivation, Employee performance, construction firms, critical factors
Effects of varied process parameters on froth flotation efficiency: A case study of Itakpe iron ore
Authors: Akande S. , Ajaka E.O. , Alabi O.O. , Olatunji T.A. 
Published: September 2020

The dire need for Itakpe iron ore concentrates of appreciable iron content meets for smelting operation necessitated this study. Core samples of the iron ore sourced from Itakpe, Kogi State, Nigeria were prepared for petrological analysis followed by chemical and particle size analyses. Froth flotation was done using different collectors at varying particle sizes and pH values. Characterization studies carried out revealed that Itakpe iron ore is a lean ore assaying 36.18% Fe2O3 and contains predominantly quartz, sillimanite, and haematite. Its liberation size lies favourably at 75 μm. Processing the ore by froth flotation yielded appreciable enrichment. Optimal recovery (~92%) was achieved using potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) at pH 11 for fine feed sizes (<125 μm) yielding iron concentrate assaying 67.66% Fe2O3. Thus, processing at this set-of-conditions is recommended for the industrial production of more enriched Itakpe iron ore concentrates.
Keywords: Process parameters, Froth flotation, Efficiency, Itakpe iron ore
Comparative study of oil recovery improvement by sterilization process using firewood and electricity
Authors: Akpan W.A. , Obot O.W. , Awaka-Ama E.J. 
Published: September 2020

This study presents a palm fruits sterilization unit that was designed for firewood and electricity independently as sources of energy and its performance was evaluated. 2kg of palm fruit at 100 oC for 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes using steam generated from electricity was evaluated. The yield of the palm fruits was also evaluated at 100 oC for 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 minutes using firewood to cook palm fruits directly in water. Further laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the quality of oil obtained from fresh palm fruits cooked with steam and fresh palm fruits cooked in water. The maximum oil fluid recovery percentage at 100 oC for 120 minutes sterilization time using electricity energy source and firewood energy source were 27.1 and 26.0 % respectively. The experimental result shows that at 100 oC and 90 minutes of sterilization using firewood and electricity, oil released from the digested fibre accounted for 46 % (111.33 g) and 54 % (130.5 g) of the total oil content respectively. The free fatty acid ,content peroxide value and moisture content of the oil sample cooked with steam and in water at 100 oC for 90 minutes were 3.9 %, 8.5 (O2/kg), 0.11 % and 4.4 %, 10.3 (O2/kg), 5.5 % respectively. The boiler efficiency of 99.5% was achieved for the unit.
Keywords: Palm fruit, sterilization, oil recovery, boiler, firewood, electricity.
Medium term electrical load forecast of Abuja Municipal Area council using artificial neural network method
Authors: Ashigwuike E.C. , Aluya A.R.A. , Emechebe J.E.C. , Benson S.A. 
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a medium-term electric load forecast for Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC) distribution network based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The technique results are compared with that of a conventional method (Multiple Linear Regression method), for the same data. The ANN proposed method takes into account the effect of temperature, time, population growth rate and the activities of different regions of city areas regarding lifestyle and types of consumers. The data of monthly to annual peak values are collected for the period from 2012 to first quarter of 2018. Hence, the Artificial Neural Network method presented a result with average MAPE of 0.00197 while the multiple linear regression having an average MAPE of 0.004545. The R-Value deviation was 8.06% and 34.42% for ANN and MLR methods respectively.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Forecast, Load, Energy Demand, Capacity Allocation, Percentage error, Forecasting Accuracy.
Effect of nanosilica on the mechanical and microstructural properties of a normal strength concrete produced in Nigeria
Authors: Adamu I.M. , Kaura J.M. , Lawan A. , Ocholi A. 
Published: September 2020

The failure of conventional concrete to have classical mechanical properties, reduced permeability and lead to sustainability in concrete production called for the use of supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) in concrete to improve its performance. This study investigates the effect of adding optimal dosage of an SCM called nanosilica (nS) on the tensile and compressive strengths, microstructural properties and cement hydration reaction for grade 30 concrete. The optimal dosage of the nS was determined to be 1.5% by weight of cement using compressive strength test. The influence of optimal nS dosage on the concrete properties was investigated using compressive strength test, splitting tensile strength test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS). Results revealed that optimal nS addition led to 30% and 23.3% respective increase in compressive and tensile strengths of conventional concrete at 7days of curing. SEM micrographs show better packing density in the nano-concrete at 90days of curing. EDS shows that addition of optimal nS dosage in concrete led to formation of more C-S-H gels at 90days curing period, and a corresponding reduction in Ca/Si ratio of the nano-concrete to 0.89; a ratio that is very close to that of 14Ǻ tobermorite reported in literature. The optimal nano-concrete can be used where strength improvement, especially at early age and reduction in concrete permeability are requirements.
Keywords: Compressive strength, Tensile strength, Normal strength nano-concrete, SEM, EDS.
Testamento y su Influencia en las Políticas de México
Authors: Higuera Sánchez Félix Mauro , Fonseca Ramírez Reyes Baltazar , Higuera Pacheco Ana Patricia 
Published: September 2020

El testamento constituye sin duda alguna el documento legal que da certeza jurídica al patrimonio que perteneció a una persona que ha fallecido; sin embargo, la falta de este documento ha originado una serie de problemas que llevan a distancias familias que en un momento dado estuvieron muy unidas durante la vida del dueño del patrimonio.
La falta de contar con una cultura del testamento en la sociedad mexicana, crece en proporción de la población, sin embargo, existen acciones por parte del Gobierno Federal por lograr concientizar a las familias de la importancia que reviste este documento y hacerlo como lo establece la ley, así como también dar certeza de control con el Registro Nacional de Avisos de Testamento
Visão discente sobre a Educação Física (des)seriada no ensino médio
Authors: Silveira Lais Lanziotti da , Fonseca Denise Grosso da , Lettnin Carla da Conceição 
Published: September 2020

A Educação Física no Ensino Médio do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul tem uma dinâmica curricular específica, que se configura em turmas constituídas por alunos dos diferentes anos de ensino (1º, 2º, e 3º) e práticas corporais escolhidas pelos próprios estudantes, em assembleias. Essa proposta (des)seriada de organização das turmas está fundamentada, dentre outras teorias, nos princípios da Teoria da Autodeterminação (Self-Determination Theory), com o propósito de aumentar a permanência dos estudantes nas aulas de Educação Física. Esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, teve por objetivo elucidar como os alunos do Ensino Médio da referida escola percebem a dinâmica da Educação Física desenvolvida, por meio de um grupo focal, constituído por 7 colaboradores. Do método de Análise de Conteúdo emergiram 3 categorias, denominadas: Conhecimento, Proposta (des)seriada e Importância da Educação Física, indicando que na visão dos estudantes a dinâmica da proposta de (des)seriação é válida, mas apresenta alguns aspectos que merecem ser revisados/(re)discutidos.
Augmenting Performance: Vocal Activity Compared to Presence in the Social Facilitation of Running
Authors: Malik Humza , Flowers Kate 
Published: September 2020

Objective The impact of encouragement on performance has been observed in the setting of exercise, but further research is necessary in running. To compare the improvement in pace experienced by subjects of different backgrounds (from a running team, non-running sports team, or no sports team) as a result of active (verbal encouragement) and passive social facilitation, this study was conducted.
Method Eighteen male high school students, age 17.3±0.75 years were recruited for this study, six from each background listed above. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: external verbal encouragement (EVE), without external verbal encouragement (WEVE), or no presence. Improvement in pace after the introduction of a social facilitator was recorded along with overall consistency in pace. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.10.
Results A significant improvement in short-term pace among subjects from a running team was generated by EVE, t(1) = -5.198, p = 0.0605, and no presence generated a significant improvement in short-term pace among subjects from a non-running sports team, t(1) = -5, p = 0.0669. EVE also generated a significant improvement in long-term pace among subjects from a running team, t(1) = -5.069, p = 0.0620. A conclusion on consistency was not reached.
Conclusion Verbal encouragement saw to long-term and short-term improvement in pace of subjects selected from a running team, while the lack of presence assisted the short-term performance of subjects selected from non-running sports teams. Results obtained offer potential to impact competitive long-distance running.
The Intolerable Price of Self-Respect
Authors: Hogan Wesley C. 
Published: September 2020

The iced tea and Skittles Trayvon Martin carried home when he was murdered by George Zimmerman in February 2012 in suburban Sanford, Florida, represent an undeniable and terrifying truth: if you happen to be Black, the most basic of activities can get you killed in today’s America. In most cases, the killers walk free. Law enforcement and the legal system muster elaborate rationales, and leaders of the major institutions of the culture look the other way. James Baldwin’s observation is as pertinent today as it was when made in 1962: his countrymen, he recognized soberly, “have destroyed and are destroying hundreds of thousands of lives and do not know and do not want to know it.” In the end, almost no law enforcement is held accountable for the routine killings happening on the streets of America. Particularly for young Black citizens, this fact is a blunt daily reminder that for far too many in power, Black lives do not matter. The Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) and its organizations like the Dream Defenders, BYP100, SONG, and others have put healing and restorative justice at the center of their movement work, as this chapter covers. They try to answer: how can the movement build the best possible futures for Black people? Is abolition the best path? What are others? Through both movement and electoral politics, they seek fresh ways to make government bodies accountable to people at the base.
Citizens of a World Not Yet Built
Authors: Hogan Wesley C. 
Published: September 2020

Corporations profiting from incarceration, politicians benefiting from division and hatred, civil servants defending their positions rather than serving the people—these are cancers at the heart of civil society that require pursuit of a kind of “freedom politics” in both electoral politics and community organizing. Young people come to these realities without yet being resigned to the everyday pathologies inherent in the tension between striving for freedom politics and the push for elite control in American life, and they have created new tools over the last sixty years to create equal access for all to our democracy, acting as if they are citizens of a world not yet built. This chapter sums up the tools they have innovated.
Introduction
Authors: Oropeza Lorena 
Published: September 2020

On June 5, 1967, Reies López Tijerina and fellow land-grant activists, members of the Alianza Federal de Mercedes, conducted an armed raid on a courthouse in northern New Mexico to bring attention to their cause: redress for massive land dispossession among the region’s Spanish-speakers following the U.S. Mexico War. While the Tierra Amarilla Courthouse Raid made Tijerina a hero to young activists within the emerging Chicano Movement, Tijerina’s ideas mattered as much as his actions. Drawing from a deep-sense of injustice rooted in childhood poverty and shaped by his years as a Pentecostalist preacher, Tijerina accused the United States of operating as a colonial power in New Mexico.