bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UV and bacteriophages as a chemical-free approach for cleaning membranes from anaerobic bioreactors
Authors: Scarascia Giantommaso , Fortunato Luca , Myshkevych Yevhen , Cheng Hong , Leiknes TorOve , Hong Pei-Ying 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAnaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for wastewater treatment has attracted much interest due to its efficacy in providing high quality effluent with minimal energy costs. However, membrane biofouling represents the main bottleneck for AnMBR because it diminishes flux and necessitates frequent replacement of membranes. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of combining bacteriophages and UV-C irradiation to provide a chemical-free approach to remove biofoulants on the membrane. The combination of bacteriophage and UV-C resulted in better log cells removal and twice higher extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) concentration reduction in mature biofoulants compared to UV-C. A reduction in the relative abundance ofAcinetobacterspp. and selected gram-positive bacteria associated with the membrane biofilm was also achieved by the new cleaning approach. Microscopic analysis further revealed the formation of cavities in the biofilm due to bacteriophages and UV-C irradiation, which would be beneficial to maintain water flux through the membrane. When the combined treatment was further compared with the common chemical cleaning procedure, a similar reduction on the cell numbers was observed (1.4 log). However, combined treatment was less effective in removing EPS compared with chemical cleaning. These results suggest that the combination of UV-C and bacteriophage have an additive effect in biofouling reduction, representing a potential chemical-free method to remove reversible biofoulants on membrane fitted in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor.SIGNIFICANCEAnaerobic membrane bioreactors can achieve high quality effluent with a reduced energy consumption. However, biofouling represents the main bottleneck for membrane filtration efficiency. Biofouling is commonly reduced through chemical treatment. These agents are often detrimental for the environment and health safety due to the formation of toxic byproducts. Therefore, we present a new approach, based on the additive antifouling action of bacteriophages infection and UV-C irradiation, to reduce anaerobic membrane biofouling. This new strategy could potentially delay the occurrence of membrane fouling by removing the reversible fouling layers on membranes, in turn reducing the frequencies and amount of chemicals needed throughout the course of wastewater treatment.
New insights into the influence of plant and microbial diversity on denitrification rates in a salt marsh
Authors: Mason Olivia U. , Chanton Patrick , Knobbe Loren N. , Zaugg Julian , Mortazavi Behzad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoastal salt marshes are some of the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous services such as soil carbon storage, flood protection and nutrient filtering, several of which are mediated by the sediment microbiome associated with marsh vegetation. Here, nutrient filtering (nitrate removal through denitrification) was examined by determining microbial community structure (16S rRNA gene iTag sequencing), diversity, denitrification rates and metabolic potential (assembled metagenomic sequences) in collocated patches ofSpartina alterniflora(Spartina) andJuncus roemerianus(Juncus) sediments. The iTag data showed that diversity and richness inSpartinaandJuncussediment microbial communities were highly similar. However, microbial community evenness differed significantly, with the most even communities observed inJuncussediments. Further, denitrification rates were significantly higher inJuncuscompared toSpartina, suggesting oscillations in microbial abundances and in particular the core microbiome identified herein, along with plant diversity influence marsh nitrogen (N) removal. Amplicon and assembled metagenome sequences pointed to a potentially important, yet unappreciated Planctomycetes role in N removal in the salt marsh. Thus, perturbations, such as sea-level rise, that can alter marsh vegetation distribution could impact microbial diversity and may ultimately influence the ecologically important ecosystem functions the marsh sediment microbiome provides.
A Multi-Gene Synaptic Plasticity Array Identifies Candidate Molecular Underpinnings of Cognitive and Mood Deficits in Rats with Heart Failure
Authors: Parent Marise B. , Ferreira-Neto Hildebrando Candido , Kruemmel Ana Rafaela , Althammer Ferdinand , Patel Atit A. , Keo Sreinick , E.Whitley Kathryn , Cox Daniel N. , Stern Javier E. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTChronic heart failure (HF) is a serious disorder that afflicts more than 26 million patients worldwide. HF is comorbid with depression, anxiety and memory deficits that have serious implications for quality of life and self-care in patients who have HF. Despite evidence that cognitive performance is worse in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction than in HF patients with preserved cardiac function, there are few studies that have assessed the effects of severely reduced ejection fraction (≤40%) on cognition in non-human animal models. Moreover, very limited information is available regarding the effects of HF on genetic markers of synaptic plasticity in brain areas critical for memory and mood regulation. We induced HF in male rats and tested mood and anxiety (sucrose preference and elevated plus maze) and memory (spontaneous alternation and inhibitory avoidance) and measured the simultaneous expression of 84 synaptic plasticity-associated genes in dorsal (DH) and ventral hippocampus (VH), basolateral (BLA) and central amygdala (CeA,) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We also included the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), which has been implicated in neurohumoral activation in HF. Our results show that rats with severely reduced ejection fraction displayed signs of polydipsia, anhedonia, increased anxiety, and impaired memory in both tasks. HF also produced a drastic downregulation of synaptic-plasticity genes in PFC and PVN, moderate decreases in DH and CeA and minimal effects in BLA and VH. Collectively, these findings identify candidate brain areas and molecular mechanisms underlying HF-induced disturbances in mood and memory.
The RNA phosphatase PIR-1 regulates endogenous small RNA pathways in C. elegans
Authors: Chaves Daniel A , Dai Hui , Li Lichao , Moresco James J , Oh Myung Eun , Conte Darryl , Yates John R , Mello Craig C , Gu Weifeng 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYEukaryotic cells regulate 5’ triphosphorylated (ppp-) RNAs to promote cellular functions and prevent recognition by antiviral RNA sensors. For example, RNA capping enzymes possess triphosphatase domains that remove the γ phosphates of ppp-RNAs during RNA capping. Members of the closely related PIR1 family of RNA polyphosphatases remove both the β and γ phosphates from ppp-RNAs. Here we show that C. elegans PIR-1 dephosphorylates ppp-RNAs made by cellular RdRPs and is required for the maturation of 26G-RNAs, Dicer-dependent small RNAs that regulate thousands of genes during spermatogenesis and embryogenesis. PIR-1 also regulates the CSR-1 22G-RNA pathway and has critical functions in both somatic and germline development. Our findings suggest that PIR-1 modulates both Dicer-dependent and - independent Argonaute pathways, and provide insight into how cells and viruses use a conserved RNA phosphatase to regulate and respond to ppp-RNA species.
Strengthening the weak link of Macao's responsible gambling practices: a consumer education perspective
Authors: Ji Chunli , Kale Sudhir H. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the current state of consumer education in the context of responsible gambling in Macao and to suggest ways in which Macao could enhance its consumer education efforts to meet its challenges with regard to responsible gambling.Design/methodology/approachExploratory and interpretative approaches have been adopted to suggest why and how Macao should strengthen responsible gambling education. The methodology involved extensive review of relevant academic research, government documents and reports related to Macao's responsible gambling initiatives.FindingsEffective long-term responsible gambling education is needed in Macao to further people's understanding of gambling and gambler's fallacy. The government should take leadership in influencing all stakeholders toward effective initiatives and behaviors related to responsible gambling education.Originality/valueAlthough research on responsible gambling education is still in its infancy, its importance in reducing common misconceptions about gambling has already been established. This study contributes to strengthen Macao's responsible gambling practices by proposing several changes needed to provide desired outcomes through consumer education.
Conceptualising the therapeutic alliance: exploring the relevance of Bordin’s model for adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Cameron Sarah , Swanton James , Dagnan Dave 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore the applicability of Bordin’s model of therapeutic alliance in talking therapies for people with intellectual disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
People with intellectual disabilities and therapists in six therapy dyads were interviewed using a qualitative methodology. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to explore how people with learning disabilities constructed the dimensions of therapeutic alliance. Content analysis was then used to focus on therapy bond, therapy tasks and goals to explore the agreement on these dimensions between the therapist and client.

Findings
People with intellectual disabilities reported their experience of therapy in a way that initially validates the alliance dimensions of Bordin’s model. There was clear overlap within most dyads in the description of the characteristics of the bond, the tasks undertaken and the goals of therapy. Some therapists described additional goals based on their therapeutic model that were not clearly described by the client working with them.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited by only including six therapy dyads; however, the results suggest further research on the impact of therapy alliance and how goals and tasks are agreed would be valuable.

Originality/value
Very few studies have explicitly examined the client’s view of therapy alliance.
Board capital and earnings quality with different controlling shareholders
Authors: Kontesa Maria , Lako Andreas , Wendy Wendy 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between board capital and firm earnings quality with different controlling shareholders for a sample of 252 listed firms in Indonesia over the period 2011–2017.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a two-step dynamic generalized method of moments panel regression to estimate the board capital effect on earnings quality. The board capital measure is constructed from educational capital, networking capital and experience capital. Meanwhile, discretionary accrual is used as the proxy for earnings quality. All financial data is from the annual report. Board capital data is a combination of an annual report, RelSci data, Linkedin searching and Bloomberg data.

Findings
The findings of this study report that board capital has a significant effect on earnings quality. Higher board capital may result in better earnings quality. In further investigation, this study finds that firms with higher education backgrounds tend to have better earnings quality. Meanwhile, firms with higher experienced board members tend to have bad earnings quality. Additionally, networking capital does not have any impact on earnings quality. The findings of this study also document a strong size effect of controlling shareholders in moderating the relationship between board capital and earnings quality.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to upper-echelon, institutional, positive accounting and agency theory. It implies that agency cost plays an important role in that relationship. In a more deep analysis, this study records different board capital effects on earnings quality across controlling shareholders.

Practical implications
Shareholders should elect board directors following their competencies and should note that not all competencies will give a quality earning report. The educational background of board members will enhance earnings quality, but the experience of a board member will reduce the earnings quality. Further, the relationship between board capital and earnings quality is significantly moderated by controlling shareholders, implying that different controlling shareholders need different board capital.

Originality/value
This study examines board capital effects on earnings quality with different controlling shareholders using four major theories. The board capital measure is tedious and detailed allowing to capture the comprehensive human capital.
Modeling and implementation of spin diode based on two dimensional materials using Monte Carlo sampling method
Authors: Makdey Swapnali , Patrikar Rajendra , Hashmi Mohammad Farukh 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
A “spin-diode” is the spintronics equivalent of an electrical diode: applying an external magnetic field greater than the limit of spin-diode BT flips the spin-diode between an isolating state and a conducting state [1]. While conventional electrical diodes are two-terminal devices with electrical current between the two terminals modulated by an electrical field, these two-terminal magneto resistive devices can generally be referred to as “spin-diodes” in which a magnetic field modulates the electrical current between the two terminals.

Design/methodology/approach
Current modulation and rectification are an important subject of electronics as well as spintronics spin diode is two-terminal magnetoresistive devices in which change in resistance in response to an applied magnetic field; this magnetoresistance occurs due to a variety of phenomena and with varying magnitudes and directions.

Findings
In this paper, an efficient rectifying spin diode is introduced. The resulting spin diode is formed from graphene gallium and indium quantum dots and antimony-doped molybdenum disulfide. Converting an alternating bias voltage to direct current is the main achievement of this model device with an additional profit of rectified spin-current. The non-equilibrium density functional theory with a Monte Carlo sampling method is used to evaluate the flow of electrons and rectification ratio of the system.

Originality/value
The results indicate that spin diode displaying both spin-current and charge-current rectification should be possible and may find practical application in nanoscale devices that combine logic and memory functions.
LibraryCraft – how the COVID-19 pandemic led to the growth of the WA libraries public Minecraft server
Authors: Cleave Jayne , Geijsman John 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
LibraryCraft was created to bring communities together across Western Australia (WA) in a safe, structured and moderated way so that players could stretch their creativity and imagination. LibraryCraft uses the features of Minecraft that stretch users’ innovation and creative thinking, develops their STEAM skills and builds social and life skills such as collaboration, negotiation, economic management and civic engagement.

Design/methodology/approach
In late 2019, the Fremantle Library launched a small, local Minecraft server for the local community of young people. After several months of testing and upgrades, LibraryCraft was made available to all players aged 7–17 across WA, and WA local governments were invited to participate.

Findings
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a cancellation of Fremantle Library in-person programmes; LibraryCraft, as a purely online programme, was scaled up, and in a few weeks, had more than tripled its player base. At the time of writing, LibraryCraft brings together 20 WA local councils, reaches over 100 players from Derby-West Kimberley to Albany and sees hundreds of play hours logged each week. Players have created new friendships across the state and are regularly working collaboratively on challenges and exploration.

Originality/value
While Minecraft servers operated by libraries are far from new, LibraryCraft is unique. No groups of libraries have run Minecraft servers collaboratively in Australia before, and none is available state wide. The programme is highly valued with families in WA, providing a safe social outlet for players stuck at home in isolation.
The socio-technical assemblages of blockchain system: how blockchains are framed and how the framing reflects societal contexts
Authors: Shin Donghee , Ibahrine Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
With the conceptualization of the blockchain as a socio-technical assemblage, this study aims to critically examine the blockchain initiatives in Korea in terms of the opportunities, risks and challenges embedded in their development.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper analyzes blockchain design and development from socioecological views: social, technological and cultural phenomena that represent the strategic interaction among people, technology and society. The qualitative data were collected from a variety of sources and diverse means.

Findings
The results imply that blockchain needs a close socio-technical examination to avoid simplistic assumptions of its promises and pitfalls. The development of blockchains in Korea will need to consider a range of socio-technical issues to facilitate the best outcomes for blockchain in society.

Research limitations/implications
Despite proactive drives, new risks, such as security, privacy and transparency, emerge as critical concerns of the social implications of the blockchain and their impact on the new digital environment. Questions are raised as to how to govern blockchains, and how to address the unexpected outcomes that such a policy choice may have on society and industry.

Originality/value
The sociopolitical implications of Korean blockchains are examined to identify key concerns and issues as the country progresses rapidly toward a blockchain-driven society.
Knowledge-sharing behaviour in public service organisations: determinants and the roles of affective commitment and normative commitment
Authors: Mohd Rasdi Roziah , Tangaraja Gangeswari 
Published: August 2020

PurposeCompared with the extensive research on knowledge management in the Western context, relatively little research has emerged in Asia. This study aims to report an investigation of the predictors of knowledge-sharing behaviour (KSB) of Malaysian public service administrators.Design/methodology/approachSurveys were designed based on established instruments and yielded 231 responses from administrators of various managerial grades.FindingsThe findings indicated that KSB was predicted by intrinsic motivational factors, time availability and organisational socialisation. Further, the findings showed that affective commitment towards the organisations is the key intermediate factor to enable intrinsically motivated administrators to engage in KSB.Research limitations/implicationsThis study examined motivational factors among the public sector administrators only. Thus, it limits the findings generalisation to other groups of employees such as from the private sector and non-governmental organisations.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study shall enlighten organisations particularly the public sector organisations, in strategies and plan of action towards enhancing and advancing knowledge management practice among employees.Originality/valueThis paper offers new insight into the significance of intrinsic motivational factors which enhanced with employees’ commitment to fostering KSB in organisations.
Discretionary transfers in Indian federal finance: a panel data analysis
Authors: Nayak Chittaranjan , Satpathy Priyabrata 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Despite existence of a constitutional demarcation of functions and finances between the centre and the states, it is alleged that the centre-state funds transfer systems in India have a political bargaining aspect that goes beyond the normative considerations. This paper makes an attempt to investigate if the political system allows to evolve a simple, equitable, objective and rule-based system of transfers. The aim of this paper is to explore the political economic determinants of discretionary fiscal transfers in India.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a panel data set of 28 Indian states for the period 2001–2014. After diagnostic checking for fixed effects/random effects, the authors prefer to use fixed effects regression with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors and Arellano–Bover/Blundel and Bond system estimation model that uses moment conditions in which lagged first differences of the dependent variable are instruments for the level equation.

Findings
The findings of this study reveal that fiscal performance, economic capacity and political alliance are significant but some other political determinants such as bargaining power and election years are not significant in influencing discretionary transfers.

Originality/value
Considering the limited availability of literature on federal finance, the present paper is an addition to the existing research, especially on a crucial issue concerning extra-constitutional fiscal transfers in India. Analysing a balanced panel comprising all the Indian states and examining the role of various political-economic determinants makes this paper topical.
Organisation size, innovativeness, self-organisation and inter-organisational coordination
Authors: Mutebi Henry , Muhwezi Moses , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera , Munene John C. Kigozi 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how humanitarian organisation size affects inter-organisational coordination and further tested the mediating role of organisational innovativeness, self-organisation in the relationship between humanitarian organisation size and inter-organisational coordination among humanitarian organisations in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on cross-sectional survey; data was collected from 101 humanitarian organisations. The analysis of the proposed hypotheses was done with the help of PLS-SEM using SmartPLS version 3.3.0 for professionals.FindingsThe results show that humanitarian organisation size significantly relates with inter-organisational coordination. In addition, self-organisation and organisational innovativeness play a complementary role between humanitarian organisation size and inter-organisational coordination.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this research provide useful insights into the role of humanitarian organisation size in boosting inter-organisational coordination in humanitarian relief delivery. High levels of self-organisation and organisational innovativeness not only improve inter-organisational coordination in humanitarian relief delivery but also enhance the transformation of humanitarian organisation size benefits into inter-organisational coordination.Originality/valueThis research is one of the few studies that investigated the effect of humanitarian organisation size and inter-organisational coordination. It also brings into the limelight the mediating role of self-organisation and organisational innovativeness between humanitarian organisation size and inter-organisational ordination in humanitarian relief delivery.