bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing networks of propaganda on twitter: a case study
Authors: Guarino Stefano , Trino Noemi , Celestini Alessandro , Chessa Alessandro , Riotta Gianni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe daily exposure of social media users to propaganda and disinformation campaigns has reinvigorated the need to investigate the local and global patterns of diffusion of different (mis)information content on social media. Echo chambers and influencers are often deemed responsible of both the polarization of users in online social networks and the success of propaganda and disinformation campaigns. This article adopts a data-driven approach to investigate the structuration of communities and propaganda networks on Twitter in order to assess the correctness of these imputations. In particular, the work aims at characterizing networks of propaganda extracted from a Twitter dataset by combining the information gained by three different classification approaches, focused respectively on (i) using Tweets content to infer the “polarization” of users around a specific topic, (ii) identifying users having an active role in the diffusion of different propaganda and disinformation items, and (iii) analyzing social ties to identify topological clusters and users playing a “central” role in the network. The work identifies highly partisan community structures along political alignments; furthermore, centrality metrics proved to be very informative to detect the most active users in the network and to distinguish users playing different roles; finally, polarization and clustering structure of the retweet graphs provided useful insights about relevant properties of users exposure, interactions, and participation to different propaganda items.
Quality improvement in long-term care settings: a scoping review of effective strategies used in care homes
Authors: Chadborn Neil H. , Devi Reena , Hinsliff-Smith Kathryn , Banerjee Jay , Gordon Adam L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We conducted a scoping review of quality improvement in care homes. We aimed to identify participating occupational groups and methods for evaluation. Secondly, we aimed to describe resident-level interventions and which outcomes were measured.

Methods
Following extended PRISMA guideline for scoping reviews, we conducted systematic searches of Medline, CINAHL, Psychinfo, and ASSIA (2000–2019). Furthermore, we searched systematic reviews databases including Cochrane Library and JBI, and the grey literature database, Greylit. Four co-authors contributed to selection and data extraction.

Results
Sixty five studies were included, 6 of which had multiple publications (75 articles overall). A range of quality improvement strategies were implemented, including audit feedback and quality improvement collaboratives. Methods consisted of controlled trials, quantitative time series and qualitative interview and observational studies. Process evaluations, involving staff of various occupational groups, described experiences and implementation measures. Many studies measured resident-level outputs and health outcomes. 14 studies reported improvements to a clinical measure; however, four of these articles were of low quality. Larger randomised controlled studies did not show statistically significant benefits to resident health outcomes.

Conclusion
In care homes, quality improvement has been applied with several different strategies, being evaluated by a variety of measures. In terms of measuring benefits to residents, process outputs and health outcomes have been reported. There was no pattern of which quality improvement strategy was used for which clinical problem. Further development of reporting of quality improvement projects and outcomes could facilitate implementation.
Retrospective Multicenter Analysis of the Outcome of a Re-Induction with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Stege H. M. , Bradfisch F. , Fleischer M. I. , Mohr P. , Ugurel S. , Terheyden P. , Thiem A. , Kiecker F. , Leiter U. , Becker J. C. , Grabbe S. , Loquai C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSignificant progress has been made in the treatment of advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) by establishing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Tumor progression, durable response, or adverse events may lead to ICI discontinuation in MCC patients. If in these patients tumor progression occurs, the question remains if re-induction with ICI achieves renewed tumor response. This retrospective multicenter study evaluated patients in with re-induction of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy for advanced MCC. Clinical data were extracted at treatment initiation, tumor response, treatment cessation, and subsequent tumor response to re-induction. Eight patients from seven centers (mean age 67.8 years) were included. The median duration of initial therapy with anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 was 9.6 months (2–21 months). Two patients achieved complete response (CR), four patients partial response (PR), one patient stable disease (SD), while in one patient progressive disease (PD) occurred as best overall response (BOR) to ICI. Reason for discontinuation of ICI was PD in three patients and severe adverse events in five patients. Following a median anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy-free interval of 9.5 months (3–18 months), re-induction with ICI therapy was initiated. Five of eight patients (62.5%) achieved an objective response upon re-induction, while in three patients, no response could be observed. Notably, adverse events, which had led to the discontinuation of the first ICI treatment line, were not observed upon re-induction. The initial response to immune checkpoint inhibitors seems to be an important marker for successful re-induction. Interestingly, adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were not observed during re-induction.
Estimating dissolved carbon concentrations in global soils: a global database and model
Authors: Langeveld Joep , Bouwman Alexander F. , van Hoek Wim Joost , Vilmin Lauriane , Beusen Arthur H. W. , Mogollón José M. , Middelburg Jack J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDissolved carbon (C) leaching in and from soils plays an important role in C transport along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum. However, a global overview and analysis of dissolved carbon in soil solutions, covering a wide range of vegetation types and climates, is lacking. We compiled a global database on annual average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in soil solutions, including potential governing factors, with 762 entries from 351 different sites covering a range of climate zones, land cover types and soil classes. Using this database we develop regression models to calculate topsoil concentrations, and concentrations versus depth in the subsoil at the global scale. For DIC, the lack of a proportional globally distributed cover inhibits analysis on a global scale. For DOC, annual average concentrations range from 1.7 to 88.3 (median = 25.27) mg C/L for topsoils (n = 255) and from 0.42 to 372.1 (median = 5.50) mg C/L for subsoils (n = 285, excluding lab incubations). Highest topsoil values occur in forests of cooler, humid zones. In topsoils, multiple regression showed that precipitation is the most significant factor. Our global topsoil DOC model ($${\mathrm{R}}^{2}=0.36$$R2=0.36) uses precipitation, soil class, climate zone and land cover type as model factors. Our global subsoil model describes DOC concentrations vs. depth for different USDA soil classes (overall ($${\mathrm{R}}^{2}=0.45$$R2=0.45). Highest subsoil DOC concentrations are calculated for Histosols.
Influence of the stiffness of machine axes on the formation of wrinkles during rotary draw bending
Authors: Borchmann Linda , Heftrich Christopher , Engel Bernd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study presents that finite element (FE) simulations of rotary draw bending are improved by taking into account the stiffnesses of the machine axes. The results show the influence of the axis stiffnesses of the bend die, the wiper die, the pressure die and the mandrel on the formation of wrinkles at the inner tube bend. For this purpose the axis stiffnesses are varied in FE-simulations and wrinkle evaluation factors of the final components are determined and compared. Low axis stiffnesses correspond to large axial displacements when force is applied and cause greater wrinkle formation. In addition, practical tests are carried out on the machine to measure the axis displacements and associated forces. The resulting axis stiffnesses are entered into the FE simulation. The final geometry of the bending component of the FE simulation is compared with the geometry of a component produced in a practical test. The consideration of the axis stiffness in the calculation in contrast to ideally stiff axes provides wrinkle heights that are closer to the wrinkle heights in the practical test. The knowledge gained improves the prediction of the component quality and allows the evaluation of axis displacements measured on bending machines. The overall aim of the project is to react to machine-specific axis stiffnesses in the form of process control.
Heading towards an unsustainable world: some of the implications of not achieving the SDGs
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Wolf Franziska , Lange Salvia Amanda , Beynaghi Ali , Shulla Kalterina , Kovaleva Marina , Vasconcelos Claudio R. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were conceived at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro in 2012 (Rio + 20), and adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015. They are part of a larger framework, namely the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Since then, many countries round the world have been engaging in respect of their implementation. The slow progress seen in the implementation of the SDGs, is in contrast with the many negative implications of not implementing them. This paper outlines the relevance of the SDGs, the barriers currently seen in respect of their implementation and outlines what is at stake, if they are not duly implemented. To accomplish this, a thorough literature review of contributions published
in the field of SDGs in English between the years 2012–2020 was performed.
Adolescents’ perceptions of sexual health education programs: An integrative review
Authors: Corcoran Jessica L. , Davies Susan L. , Knight Candace C. , Lanzi Robin G. , Li Peng , Ladores Sigrid L. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescents are key stakeholders in sexual health education, yet they are rarely consulted when developing sexual health programs. Their voices are integral to improving the delivery of relevant and appropriate school‐based sexual health education to promote safer adolescent sexual behaviors.MethodsAn integrative review was conducted utilizing three databases: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, PubMed, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). The PRISMA and matrix method were used to search the literature and synthesize the findings from 16 articles regarding adolescent perceptions of school‐based sexual health education.ResultsThe main themes that emerged from this review included: (a) factors influencing adolescent perceptions of sexual health education programs, (b) characteristics of good sexual health education programs, and (c) areas of improvement in sexual health education programs.ConclusionAdolescents overwhelmingly requested honest, comprehensive content delivered by nonjudgmental, well‐educated health professionals in a comfortable environment.
Unmet needs as indicator of improving chronic care delivery system in China
Authors: Ke Xia‐Tong , Wang Chun‐Lu , Salmon Jack Warren , Tang Wen‐Xi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn 2009, China strengthened its public health service system. Since then, the country has made remarkable achievements in community‐based chronic disease prevention and control; however, certain groups still have unmet needs. During 2019 to 2029, China will consolidate the top‐level design of its medical health system. During this period, the coordination of department policies, improvement of service delivery mechanisms, building an integrated health service system, and other issues will be highlighted. This study will provide a basis for designing China's chronic disease prevention and control system during the next stage of development. We will consider the unmet needs of patients with chronic diseases as an indicator for remodeling the prediction system in combination with the elements and structural theories of complex health systems. In this article, we first introduce the definition and measurement methods of unmet needs. Second, we identify the existing unmet needs found among patients with chronic diseases with reference to the chronic disease prevention and control policies of China as well as current service items. Finally, we propose the design of community chronic disease service package for the next development stage based on unmet needs of patients with chronic diseases. We also provide suggestions for how to improve China's chronic care delivery system.
Water Provenance at the Old River Bed Inland Delta and Ground Water Flow from the Sevier Basin of Central Utah during the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition
Authors: Bradbury Christopher D. , Jewell Paul W. , Fernandez Diego P. , Lerback Jory C. , DeGraffenried Jennifer V. , Petersen Erich U. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo ascertain the provenance of water reaching wetlands in an area sustaining a population of Pleistocene–Holocene foragers, 87-strontium/86-strontium isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of mollusks from channels of the Old River Bed inland delta of central Utah were measured. Potential provenances examined included overflow from Pleistocene–Holocene Lake Gunnison, ground water flow from the Sevier basin, ground water discharge from piedmont aquifers infiltrated by Lake Bonneville, and ground waters from local regional aquifers. Old River Bed inland delta channels active from ~13.2 cal ka BP until ~11.2 cal ka BP have87Sr/86Sr values of 0.70930–0.71049 that are consistent with water sourced from Lake Gunnison in the Sevier basin. Inland delta channels active from ~11.2 cal ka BP until shortly after ~9.3 cal ka BP have87Sr/86Sr values of 0.70977–0.71033, suggesting ground water flowed from the Sevier basin during the early Holocene. Ratios of87Sr/86Sr did not match known values for Lake Bonneville, but the youngest Old River Bed inland delta channel system has an87Sr/86Sr ratio consistent with a local ground water source, perhaps Government Creek. Consistent ground water discharge may explain the persistence of foragers in the region despite the increasingly arid climate of the Great Basin.
Dietary protein considerations for muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass preservation in older adults
Authors: Olaniyan Eunice T. , O’Halloran Fiona , McCarthy Aoife L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmino acid bioavailability is critical for muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and preservation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Ageing is associated with reduced responsiveness of MPS to essential amino acids (EAA). Further, the older adult population experiences anabolic resistance, leading to increased frailty, functional decline and depleted muscle mass preservation, which facilitates the need for increased protein intake to increase their SMM. This review focuses on the role of proteins in muscle mass preservation and examines the contribution of EAA and protein intake patterns to MPS. Leucine is the most widely studied amino acid for its role as a potent stimulator of MPS, though due to inadequate data little is yet known about the role of other EAA. Reaching a conclusion on the best pattern of protein intake has proven difficult due to conflicting studies. A mixture of animal and plant proteins can contribute to increased MPS and potentially attenuate muscle wasting conditions; however, there is limited research on the biological impact of protein blends in older adults. While there is some evidence to suggest that liquid protein foods with higher than the RDA of protein may be the best strategy for achieving high MPS rates in older adults, clinical trials are warranted to confirm an association between food form and SMM preservation. Further research is warranted before adequate recommendations and strategies for optimising SMM in the elderly population can be proposed.
A scoping review of literature describing the nutritional status and diets of adolescents in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Jesson Julie , Kouakou Egnon KV , Kumaran Kalyanaraman , Adonis Laurence , Wrottesley Stephanie V , Leroy Valériane , Fall Caroline 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:Adolescents living in resource-limited settings remain a neglected population regarding their nutritional health. We reviewed what studies on nutrition have been conducted for adolescents living in Côte d’Ivoire.Design:A scoping literature review, searching for any quantitative studies published from 1 January 2000 to 1 May 2019, referenced in PubMed and grey literature, related to adolescent nutritional status and diet, written in English or French.Setting:Côte d’Ivoire, West AfricaSubjects:Adolescent girls and boys (aged 10–19 years).Results:We used three search strategies to explore studies related to (1) diet and nutritional practices, (2) anthropometry and (3) micronutrient intakes/status. Each identified 285, 108 and 84 titles and abstracts, respectively, resulting in 384 full-text articles to review. Finally, after adding five relevant studies from the grey literature, thirty articles were included. Two-thirds were cross-sectional observation studies. The main topics were anaemia and parasitic diseases. Among seven intervention studies, most focused on micronutrient supplementation or deworming. No studies on macronutrients or food supplementation were found. Overall, studies showed a high prevalence of undernutrition, along with emerging overweight and obesity. Anaemia and Fe deficiency were highly prevalent, with Fe supplementation showing modest improvements. Malaria and gut parasite infections remain a major burden, affecting adolescents’ nutritional status.Conclusions:Few specific relevant studies have been published regarding adolescent nutrition in Côte d’Ivoire, and most studies being focused on younger children. There are knowledge gaps about many nutritional aspects in this population, which urgently need to be addressed.
Brain responses to watching food commercials compared with nonfood commercials: a meta-analysis on neuroimaging studies
Authors: Yeung Andy Wai Kan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective:
This study aimed to identify and meta-analyse the neuroimaging data and hence synthesise a brain map showing the neural correlates of watching food commercials.

Design:
Published studies were retrieved and included into the analysis if they evaluated brain responses to food commercials with functional MRI and reported results based on whole-brain analysis in standard brain coordinates.

Setting:
No additional restriction was placed on the search, such as the publication year and age of participants.

Participants:
Seven papers that composed of a total of 442 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All of them recruited children or adolescents.

Results:
Food commercials caused larger brain responses than nonfood counterparts in the cuneus on both hemispheres, which played a role in dietary self-control and modulation of food craving. Other brain regions involved in food commercials processing included the left culmen, left middle occipital gyrus and the right superior parietal lobule, which could be related to reward, emotional responses and habit formation.

Conclusion:
These neural correlates may help explain the food choice and eating behaviours of children and adolescents that might be relevant to the development of obesity.
Fast Pixelated Detectors in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. Part II: Post-Acquisition Data Processing, Visualization, and Structural Characterization
Authors: Paterson Gary W. , Webster Robert W. H. , Ross Andrew , Paton Kirsty A. , Macgregor Thomas A. , McGrouther Damien , MacLaren Ian , Nord Magnus 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
‘TROPPO AUDACE’: AMBITION AND MODERATION IN HANDEL'S BILINGUAL REVIVAL OFL'ALLEGRO, IL PENSEROSO, ED IL MODERATO
Authors: ZAZZO LAWRENCE 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTWinton Dean described Handel's 1740 odeL'Allegro, il Penseroso, ed il Moderato(hwv55), with its pastoral texts by Milton, as ‘perhaps the profoundest tribute Handel ever paid to the land of his adoption’. Yet for the first revival in January 1741, Handel prepared Italian-texted movements for this quintessentially ‘English’ ode in order to accommodate his star castrato that season, Giovanni Battista Andreoni. With the help of Paolo Rolli, a librettist long associated with Handel and a respected translator of Milton, Handel reset four English-texted arias and one accompagnato with Italian contrafacta and composed a completely new Italian accompagnato and bravura aria for Andreoni, to be performed before the very last chorus. While these Italian-texted movements in macaronic Handel revivals are often either neglected by Handel scholars or dismissed as unfortunate compromises, a textual and musical analysis of the accompagnato ‘L'insaziabil fantasia’ and the aria ‘Troppo audace’ reveals a quasi-operatic mini-scena that had personal and professional resonances for both Handel and Rolli – an artistic manifesto of sorts on moderation, ambition, imitation and freedom within the transnational mid-eighteenth-century European world of letters and music.
Morphological Diversity of Impact Craters on Asteroid (16) Psyche: Insight From Numerical Models
Authors: Raducan S. D. , Davison T. M. , Collins G. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe asteroid (16) Psyche, target of NASA's “Psyche” mission, is thought to be one of the most massive exposed iron cores in the solar system. Earth‐based observations suggest that Psyche has a metal‐rich surface; however, its internal structure cannot be determined from ground‐based observations. Here we simulate impacts into a variety of possible target structures on Psyche and show the possible diversity in crater morphologies that the “Psyche” mission could encounter. If Psyche's interior is homogeneous, then the mission will find simple bowl‐shaped craters, with a depth‐diameter ratio diagnostic of rock or iron. Craters will be much deeper than those on other visited asteroids and possess much more spectacular rims if the surface is dominated by metallic iron. On the other hand, if Psyche has a layered structure, the spacecraft could find craters with more complex morphologies, such as concentric or flat‐floored craters. Furthermore, if ferrovolcanism occurred on Psyche, then the morphology of craters less than 2 km in diameter could be even more exotic. Based on three to four proposed large craters on Psyche's surface, model size‐frequency distributions suggest that if Psyche is indeed an exposed iron core, then the spacecraft will encounter a very old and evolved surface, that would be 4.5 Gyr old. For a rocky surface, then Psyche could be at least 3 Gyr old.