bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of DMABEE, a co‐photoinitiator of resin polymerization, on CHO‐K1 cells: Role of redox and carboxylesterase
Authors: Chang Hsiao‐Hua , Shih Wen‐Chih , Wang Yin‐Lin , Tsai Yi‐Ling , Chen Yi‐Jane , Chang Mei‐Chi , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe 4‐dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (DMABEE) is an important co‐initiator for resin polymerization in dental resinous materials. As a radical forming chemical with high lipophilicity, the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of DMABEE deserve prudent investigation. In this study, we found that DMABEE reduced the viability and proliferation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO‐K1) cells in a dose‐dependent manner, and altered cell morphology at higher concentrations. G0/G1 cell cycle arrest was induced by DMABEE at 0.25–0.75 mM, and cell proportion of sub‐G0/G1 phase was significantly elevated at 1 mM while cell apoptosis was observed. Genotoxic effect was noted when cells were treated by 0.1 mM DMABEE, as revealed by increase of micronucleus formation. Reactive oxygen species overproduction was observed as cells treated with 0.75 and 1 mM, while elevation of intracellular glutathione was noticeable since 0.1 mM. Contrary to our expectation, pretreatment by N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine enhanced the toxicity of DMABEE on CHO‐K1 cells. Catalase mildly reduced the toxic effect and carboxylesterase showed obvious ability to reverse the toxicity of DMABEE. These findings highlight the mechanism of DMABEE toxicity and provide clues for safety improvement of its application in clinical dental treatment.
Stratification of gastric cancer risk using a deep neural network
Authors: Nakahira Hiroko , Ishihara Ryu , Aoyama Kazuharu , Kono Mitsuhiro , Fukuda Hiromu , Shimamoto Yusaku , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ohmori Masayasu , Iwatsubo Taro , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuno Kenshi , Inoue Shuntaro , Matsuura Noriko , Shichijo Satoki , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Matsunaga Takashi , Tada Tomohiro 
Published: December 2019

Background and AimStratifying gastric cancer (GC) risk and endoscopy findings in high‐risk individuals may provide effective surveillance for GC. We developed a computerized image‐ analysis system for endoscopic images to stratify the risk of GC.MethodsThe system was trained using images taken during endoscopic examinations with non‐magnified white‐light imaging. Patients were classified as high‐risk (patients with GC), moderate‐risk (patients with current or past Helicobacter pylori infection or gastric atrophy), or low‐risk (patients with no history of H. pylori infection or gastric atrophy). After selection, 20,960, 17,404, and 68,920 images were collected as training images for the high‐, moderate‐, and low‐risk groups, respectively.ResultsPerformance of the artificial intelligence (AI) system was evaluated by the prevalence of GC in each group using an independent validation dataset of patients who underwent endoscopic examination and H. pylori serum antibody testing. In total, 12,824 images from 454 patients were included in the analysis. The time required for diagnosing all the images was 345 seconds. The AI system diagnosed 46, 250, and 158 patients as low‐, moderate‐, and high risk, respectively. The prevalence of GC in the low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups was 2.2, 8.8, and 16.4%, respectively (P = 0.0017). Three experienced endoscopists also successfully stratified the risk; however, interobserver agreement was not satisfactory (kappa value of 0.27, indicating fair agreement).ConclusionThe current AI system detected significant differences in the prevalence of GC among the low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups, suggesting its potential for stratifying GC risk.
Radiosynthesis and preliminary evaluation of an18F‐labeled tubastatin A analog for PET imaging of histone deacetylase 6
Authors: Tago Tetsuro , Toyohara Jun , Ishii Kenji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHistone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a unique member of the HDAC family because of its characteristics, namely, its cytoplasmic localization and ubiquitin binding. HDAC6 has been implicated in cancer metastasis and neurodegeneration. In the present study, we performed radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of a fluorine‐18–labeled ligand [18F]3, which is an analog of the HDAC6‐selective inhibitor tubastatin A, for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. [18F]3was synthesized by a two‐step reaction composed of18F‐fluorination and formation of a hydroxamic acid group. IC50values of3against HDAC1 and HDAC6 activities were 996 nM and 33.1 nM, respectively. A biodistribution study in mice demonstrated low brain uptake of [18F]3. Furthermore, bone radioactivity was stable at around 2% ID/g after injection, suggesting high tolerance to defluorination. Regarding metabolic stability, 70% of the compound was observed as the unchanged form at 30 minutes post injection in mouse plasma. A small animal PET study in mice showed that pretreatment with cyclosporine A had no effect on initial brain uptake of [18F]3, suggesting low brain uptake of [18F]3was not caused by the P‐glycoprotein–mediated efflux. While PET imaging using [18F]3has a limitation with respect to neurodegenerative diseases, further studies evaluating its utility for certain cancers are worth evaluating.
Characterization and correlation of the Hegawa‐Kasamori 5 tephra, a widespread tephra aged c. 450 ka associated with large‐scale pyroclastic flows from southern Kyushu, SW Japan
Authors: Nishizawa Fumikatsu , Suzuki Takehiko 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTA Middle Pleistocene widespread tephra, defined here as Hegawa‐Kasamori 5 tephra (Hgw‐Ks5), has been newly recognized over a broad area of Japan. Large‐scale pyroclastic flow deposits associated with co‐ignimbrite ash fall deposits (CAFDs) of Hgw‐Ks5 have been identified in the proximal southern Kyushu area, south‐west Japan. Hgw‐Ks5 possibly originated from the Aira caldera in southern Kyushu, and it is widely spread and intercalated with deposits of the Kasamori Formation, Honshu Island, more than 1000 km away from the source. In the north‐west area of the Aira Caldera, the tephra is sparsely distributed in the form of non‐welded ignimbrites, and is exposed stratigraphically above the well‐known Kobayashi‐Kasamori tephra. Hgw‐Ks5 is characterized through petrographic features, major element geochemistry of glass shards, and refractive indices of orthopyroxene. The results of previous stratigraphic isotope studies indicate that the eruptive age of Hgw‐Ks5 is 434–458 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 12). Assuming that the CAFDs originating from the Aira Caldera are distributed concentrically, the apparent volume of Hgw‐Ks5, estimated from the area of distribution and CAFD thickness, is ~100 km3. Therefore, a volcanic explosivity index of 7 is assigned to the Hgw‐Ks5 eruption.
Monitoring Vascular Compromise Using Ultrasound After Free Tissue Transfer
Authors: Shinomiya Rikuo , Sunagawa Toru , Nakashima Yuko , Kodama Akira , Hayashi Yuta , Tokumoto Maya , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesTo report the clinical utility of high‐resolution ultrasound (US) for monitoring vascular compromise after free tissue transfer.MethodsFifty‐two tissue transfers in the extremities were included in this study. Blood flow around the anastomotic pedicle and subcutaneous tissue of the grafted flap was monitored with pulsed color and power Doppler US whenever the conventional monitoring method, comprising the bedside assessment of the temperature, capillary refill, and flap color, showed abnormalities until 1 week after reconstruction.ResultsAll flaps were indicated for US monitoring, with 44 flaps showing Doppler signals in each position, even though conventional flap monitoring showed an abnormality. Forty of the 44 flaps showed no flap failure, whereas the remaining 4 flaps developed partial necrosis. Abnormal US findings were noted in 8 of the 52 flaps. Ultrasound revealed interruption of venous blood flow around the anastomotic pedicle in 6 of 8 flaps. Emergent exploration revealed venous occlusion at the anastomotic pedicle, similar to the US finding. In 2 of the 8 flaps, US showed no blood flow to either the anastomotic pedicle or subcutaneous tissue. Emergent exploration revealed arterial occlusion at the anastomotic pedicle. Seven of the 8 reexplored flaps were salvaged after revision surgery with complete flap survival. Partial flap survival was noted in 1 case, but complete flap failure was avoided.ConclusionsUltrasound is a useful adjunct that enables a direct assessment of perfusion in grafted tissues, which may reduce unnecessary exploration when conventional flap monitoring shows an abnormality.
Meteorological conditions induce strong shifts in mixotrophic and heterotrophic flagellate bacterivory over small spatio‐temporal scales
Authors: Anderson Ruth , Hansen Per Juel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMixotrophic bacterivory by small phytoflagellates (SP) can equal that of heterotrophic flagellates (HF) in marine euphotic waters. Due to their differing nutritional requirements from prey, SP and HF bacterivory are thought to differentially impact nutrient and carbon cycling through microbial food webs. However, little is known on how the relative dominance of SP and HF feeding shifts along environmental gradients, especially over short spatio‐temporal scales. Here, SP and HF bacterivory rates were compared over 5 d at three depths in the upper water column of a dynamic coastal zone, through the use of surrogate prey. SP and HF bacterivory strongly fluctuated over both spatial (< 5 m) and temporal (day to day) scales despite relatively stable abundance, with a respective seven‐ and ten‐fold difference between minimum and maximum bacterivory rates. Irradiance regulated SP community bacterivory, leading to a grouping into high rates under light limitation, mid‐level rates under optimal irradiance levels for growth and low rates at very high irradiance levels. SP bacterivory only dominated over that of HF at irradiance ranges generally considered optimal for photosynthetic growth (∼ 40–300 μmol photons m−2 s−1). SP bacterivory, but not that of HF, was positively correlated to total bacterial abundance, with HF potentially selectively targeting actively growing bacteria. Overall, the present study indicates that meteorological conditions affecting irradiance levels could strongly impact microbial food web dynamics and the cycling of carbon and nutrients through coastal marine systems.
Increasing accuracy of lake nutrient predictions in thousands of lakes by leveraging water clarity data
Authors: Wagner Tyler , Lottig Noah R. , Bartley Meridith L. , Hanks Ephraim M. , Schliep Erin M. , Wikle Nathan B. , King Katelyn B. S. , McCullough Ian , Stachelek Jemma , Cheruvelil Kendra S. , Filstrup Christopher T. , Lapierre Jean Francois , Liu Boyang , Soranno Patricia A. , Tan Pang‐Ning , Wang Qi , Webster Katherine , Zhou Jiayu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAquatic scientists require robust, accurate information about nutrient concentrations and indicators of algal biomass in unsampled lakes in order to understand and predict the effects of global climate and land‐use change. Historically, lake and landscape characteristics have been used as predictor variables in regression models to generate nutrient predictions, but often with significant uncertainty. An alternative approach to improve predictions is to leverage the observed relationship between water clarity and nutrients, which is possible because water clarity is more commonly measured than lake nutrients. We used a joint‐nutrient model that conditioned predictions of total phosphorus, nitrogen, and chlorophyll aon observed water clarity. Our results demonstrated substantial reductions (8–27%; median = 23%) in prediction error when conditioning on water clarity. These models will provide new opportunities for predicting nutrient concentrations of unsampled lakes across broad spatial scales with reduced uncertainty.
A two‐dimensional metric temporal logic
Authors: Baratella Stefano , Masini Andrea 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe introduce a two‐dimensional metric (interval) temporal logic whose internal and external time flows are dense linear orderings. We provide a suitable semantics and a sequent calculus with axioms for equality and extralogical axioms. Then we prove completeness and a semantic partial cut elimination theorem down to formulas of a certain type.
Admissibility and nonuniform polynomial dichotomies
Authors: Dragičević D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFor a general one‐sided nonautonomous dynamics defined by a sequence of linear operators, we consider the notion of a polynomial dichotomy with respect to a sequence of norms and we characterize it completely in terms of the admissibility of bounded solutions. As a nontrivial application, we establish the robustness of the notion of a nonuniform polynomial dichotomy.
Synthesis and Post‐Polymerization Functionalization of Halogen‐Substituted Polyphosphinoboranes to Access Alkyne‐Functionalized Derivatives
Authors: Arz Marius I. , Knights Alastair W. , Manners Ian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCatalytic dehydropolymerization of halogen‐functionalized phosphine–boranes (4‐X‐C6H4)PH2⋅BH3 (1a: X = Br, 1b: X = I) with [CpFe(CO)2(OTf)] at 100 °C provides convenient access to halogen‐functionalized polyphosphinoboranes [(4‐X‐C6H4)PH–BH2]n (2a: X = Br, 2b: X = I). These polymers are useful precursors for post‐polymerization functionalization, which is demonstrated by Sonogashira coupling under mild conditions to yield the alkynyl‐functionalized polyphosphinoborane [(4‐PhCC‐C6H4)PH–BH2]n (3).
A method for predicting short‐time changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass concentration based on the global navigation satellite system zenith tropospheric delay
Authors: Guo Min , Zhang Hanwei , Xia Pengfei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, a method of haze prediction has been developed based on zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD). The relationship between ZTD and fine particulate matter (PM2.5, the main component of haze) during hazy periods in Beijing from 2015 to 2018 was analysed. The correlation between ZTD and the PM2.5 series was analysed based on data from three hazy periods with relatively stable weather conditions, no heavy rainfall and relatively continuous data, and the correlation coefficient between ZTD and the PM2.5 series was maintained in the range [0.5207, 0.7883]. The analysis showed a strong correlation between them based on data from three hazy periods with relatively stable weather conditions. To enhance the correlation between ZTD and the PM2.5 sequence, the standard orthogonal wavelet Daubechies (db5) method was used in this research. By removing the influence of the high frequency signal using the method, the ZTD and PM2.5 sequences were reconstructed using the fourth‐layer low frequency coefficients, their correlation coefficient was maintained in the range [0.5540, 0.9067] and the percentage range of the correlation coefficient was increased to [2.46, 16.69]. Finally, the reconstructed PM2.5, ZTD, relative humidity, average wind speed and NO2 series through db5 were used to establish a multiple regression model to predict the change in the PM2.5 mass concentration. The experimental results show that the multivariate regression model after wavelet analysis is superior to the traditional multivariate regression method in predicting the short‐term change of PM2.5 through four statistics values (R2, F, P, S2) of the regression model and that it is effective and feasible for predicting short‐term haze.
Mutations in PDLIM5 are rare in dilated cardiomyopathy but are emerging as potential disease modifiers
Authors: Verdonschot Job A. J. , Robinson Emma L. , James Kiely N. , Mohamed Mohamed W. , Claes Godelieve R. F. , Casas Kari , Vanhoutte Els K. , Hazebroek Mark R. , Kringlen Gabriel , Pasierb Michele M. , van den Wijngaard Arthur , Glatz Jan F. C. , Heymans Stephane R. B. , Krapels Ingrid P. C. , Nahas Shareef , Brunner Han G. , Szklarczyk Radek 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundA causal genetic mutation is found in 40% of families with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), leaving a large percentage of families genetically unsolved. This prevents adequate counseling and clear recommendations in these families. We aim to identify novel genes or modifiers associated with DCM.MethodsWe performed computational ranking of human genes based on coexpression with a predefined set of genes known to be associated with DCM, which allowed us to prioritize gene candidates for their likelihood of being involved in DCM. Top candidates will be checked for variants in the available whole‐exome sequencing data of 142 DCM patients. RNA was isolated from cardiac biopsies to investigate gene expression.ResultsPDLIM5 was classified as the top candidate. An interesting heterozygous variant (189_190delinsGG) was found in a DCM patient with a known pathogenic truncating TTN‐variant. The PDLIM5 loss‐of‐function (LoF) variant affected all cardiac‐specific isoforms of PDLIM5 and no LoF variants were detected in the same region in a control cohort of 26,000 individuals. RNA expression of PDLIM5 and its direct interactors (MYOT, LDB3, and MYOZ2) was increased in cardiac tissue of this patient, indicating a possible compensatory mechanism. The PDLIM5 variant cosegregated with the TTN‐variant and the phenotype, leading to a high disease penetrance in this family. A second patient was an infant with a homozygous 10 kb‐deletion of exon 2 in PDLIM5 resulting in early‐onset cardiac disease, showing the importance of PDLIM5 in cardiac function.ConclusionsHeterozygous PDLIM5 variants are rare and therefore will not have a major contribution in DCM. Although they likely play a role in disease development as this gene plays a major role in contracting cardiomyocytes and homozygous variants lead to early‐onset cardiac disease. Other environmental and/or genetic factors are probably necessary to unveil the cardiac phenotype in PDLIM5 mutation carriers.
Maximum likelihood activity and attenuation estimation using both emission and transmission data with application to utilization of Lu‐176 background radiation in TOF PET
Authors: Cheng Li , Ma Tianyu , Zhang Xuezhu , Peng Qiyu , Liu Yaqiang , Qi Jinyi 
Published: December 2019

PurposeWe present a new method for joint reconstruction of activity and attenuation images using both emission and transmission data and demonstrate its advantage over the standard maximum likelihood activity and attenuation (MLAA) reconstruction using emission data alone.MethodsWe define a joint likelihood function including both time‐of‐flight (TOF) emission data and transmission data. The latter can be obtained from an external source or from Lu‐176 background radiation. Activity and attenuation images are estimated jointly by maximizing the likelihood function. The proposed method solves the undetermined scale problem in the conventional MLAA. A monotonically convergent algorithm was derived to optimize the objective function. Furthermore, we present a theoretical analysis of the noise propagation in the joint reconstruction. Simulations and phantom experiments were conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed method.ResultsQuantitatively correct and less noisy images were reconstructed with the proposed method. Artifacts in the attenuation map reconstructed from the standard MLAA were removed by incorporating transmission data. Noise analysis was validated with different transmission sources and transmission count levels. The theoretical prediction indicated that noise of activity map would not change in a large range of transmission count level and a very low transmission count level could result in good estimation.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining quantitatively correct images in TOF PET by using both emission and (weak) transmission data. The noise analysis also provides guidance for choosing a proper transmission source configuration to reduce noise propagation.
A calcium‐mediated actin redistribution at egg activation in Drosophila
Authors: York‐Andersen Anna H. , Hu Qinan , Wood Benjamin W. , Wolfner Mariana F. , Weil Timothy T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEgg activation is the essential process in which mature oocytes gain the competency to proceed into embryonic development. Many events of egg activation are conserved, including an initial rise of intracellular calcium. In some species, such as echinoderms and mammals, changes in the actin cytoskeleton occur around the time of fertilization and egg activation. However, the interplay between calcium and actin during egg activation remains unclear. Here, we use imaging, genetics, pharmacological treatment, and physical manipulation to elucidate the relationship between calcium and actin in living Drosophila eggs. We show that, before egg activation, actin is smoothly distributed between ridges in the cortex of the dehydrated mature oocytes. At the onset of egg activation, we observe actin spreading out as the egg swells though the intake of fluid. We show that a relaxed actin cytoskeleton is required for the intracellular rise of calcium to initiate and propagate. Once the swelling is complete and the calcium wave is traversing the egg, it leads to a reorganization of actin in a wavelike manner. After the calcium wave, the actin cytoskeleton has an even distribution of foci at the cortex. Together, our data show that calcium resets the actin cytoskeleton at egg activation, a model that we propose to be likely conserved in other species.
Correcting time‐intensity curves in dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MRI for inhomogeneous excitation fields at 7T
Authors: van Rijssel Michael J. , Pluim Josien P. W. , Chan Hui‐Shan M. , van den Wildenberg Lieke , Schmitz Alexander M. Th. , Luijten Peter R. , Gilhuijs Kenneth G. A. , Klomp Dennis W. J. 
Published: December 2019

PurposeInhomogeneous excitation at ultrahigh field strengths (7T and above) compromises the reliability of quantified dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MRI. This can hamper the introduction of ultrahigh field MRI into the clinic. Compensation for this non‐uniformity effect can consist of both hardware improvements and post‐acquisition corrections. This paper investigated the correctable radiofrequency transmit () range post‐acquisition in both simulations and patient data for 7T MRI.MethodsSimulations were conducted to determine the minimum level at which corrections were still beneficial because of noise amplification. Two correction strategies leading to differences in noise amplification were tested. The effect of the corrections on a 7T patient data set (N = 38) with a wide range of levels was investigated in terms of time‐intensity curve types as well as washin, washout and peak enhancement values.ResultsIn simulations assuming a common amount of T1 saturation, the lowest level at which the SNR of the corrected images was at least that of the original precontrast image was 43% of the nominal angle. After correction, time‐intensity curve types changed in 24% of included patients, and the distribution of curve types corresponded better to the distribution found in literature. Additionally, the overlap between the distributions of washin, washout, and peak enhancement values for grade 1 and grade 2 tumors was slightly reduced.ConclusionAlthough the correctable range varies with the amount of T1 saturation, post‐acquisition correction for inhomogeneous excitation was feasible down to levels of 43% of the nominal angle in vivo.