bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curvilinearity in the performance feedback and R&D relationship
Authors: Jirásek Michal 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe question of how the firm responds to performance feedback forms the backbone of the behavioral theory of the firm. Although the literature works with goals aspirations and additional determinants of a firm’s search activity – proximity to bankruptcy and slack resources – the majority of the empirical research assumes the firm’s response to performance feedback to be linear with a spline at the aspiration level. The purpose of this paper is to study possible curvilinear properties of performance feedback itself that may yield insight on the behavior of firms responding differently from the theory’s predictions.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses data from exchange-listed German industrial firms followed from 2001 to 2015. It evaluates hypotheses using historical aspiration models with ROA as a measure of performance and with a spline specification. The fixed-effects panel data models serve as an estimation technique.FindingsThe research supports an inverted U-shape relationship between performance feedback and research and development (R&D) intensity for firms below their aspiration levels, and a U-shape relationship for firms above their aspiration levels.Originality/valueThe research is one of the first to directly study curvilinearity in performance feedback relationships. Arguably, there is no such a study directly focusing on a firm’s search as represented by R&D, despite the fact, that R&D forms the backbone of performance feedback research. Also, the population of German industrial firms is new in the literature.
Evidence on aggregate volatility risk premium for the French stock market
Authors: Zaghouani Chakroun Amal , Mezzez Hmaied Dorra 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine alternative six- and seven-factor equity pricing models directed at capturing a new factor, aggregate volatility, in addition to market, size, book to market, profitability, investment premiums of the Fama and French (2015) and Fama and French’s (2018) aggregate volatility augmented model.

Design/methodology/approach
The models are tested using a time series regression and Fama and Macbeth’s (1973) methodology.

Findings
The authors show that both six- and seven-factor models best explain average excess returns on the French stock market. In fact, the authors outperform Fama and French’s (2018) model. The authors use sensitivity of aggregate volatility of a stock VCAC as a proxy to construct the aggregate volatility risk factor. The spanning tests suggest that Fama and French’s (1993, 2015, 2018) and Carhart’s (1997) models do not explain the aggregate volatility risk factor FVCAC. The results show that the FVCAC factor earns significant αs across the different multifactor models and even after controlling for the exposure to all the other in Fama and French’s (2018) model. The asset pricing tests show that it is systematically priced. In fact, the authors find a significant and negative (positive) relation between the aggregate volatility risk factor and the excess returns in the French stock market when it is rising (falling), in addition, periods with downward market movements tend to coincide with high volatility.

Originality/value
The authors contribute to the related literature in several ways. First, the authors test two new empirical six- and seven-factor model and the authors compare them to Fama and French’s (2018) model. Second, the authors give new evidence about the VCAC, using it for the first time to the authors’ knowledge, to construct a volatility risk premium.
The effect of political neuromarketing 2.0 on election outcomes
Authors: Hegazy Islam Mohamed 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is the better understanding of the increasing relation between big data 2.0 and neuromarketing, particularly to influence election outcomes, along with a special aim to discuss some raised doubts about Trump’s presidential campaign 2016 and its ability to hijack American political consumers’ minds, and to direct their votes.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper combines deductive/inductive methodology to define the term of political neuromarketing 2.0 through a brief literature review of related concepts of big data 2.0, virtual identity and neuromarketing. It then applies a single qualitative case study by presenting the history and causes of online voter microtargeting in the USA, and analyzing the political neuromarketing 2.0 mechanisms adopted by Trump’s political campaign team in the 2016 presidential election.

Findings
Based on Trump’s political marketing mechanisms analysis, the paper believes that big data 2.0 and neuromarketing techniques played an unusual role in reading political consumers’ minds and helping the controversial candidate to meet one of the most unexpected victories in the presidential elections. Nevertheless, this paper argues that the ethics of using political neuromarketing 2.0 to sell candidates and its negative impacts on the quality of democracy are and will continue to be a subject of ongoing debates.

Originality/value
The marriage of big data 2.0 and political neuromarketing is a new interdisciplinary field of inquiry. This paper provides a useful introduction and further explanations for why and how Trump’s campaign defied initial loss predictions and attained victory during this election.
Selecting and designing visual curriculum materials for inquiry-based instruction
Authors: Callahan Cory , Howell James B. , Maddox Lamont E. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Visual documents (e.g. maps, editorial cartoons, historical photographs, portraits, documentary films, historically-based movies, etc.) are common curriculum resources within social studies classrooms; however, only recently scholars have begun to systematically research ways to more authentically and powerfully center instruction around visual documents. Here, the purpose of this paper is to synthesize relevant lines of inquiry into research-based, wise-practices for selecting and designing visual curriculum materials to help social studies students and teachers think about social phenomenon deeply and in more disciplinary-specific ways.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors share recent scholarship that has posited explanations for why visual data tend to afford learners especially powerful opportunities to think critically about the world around them. Throughout the discussion, the authors integrate applicable research-based principles that can guide the selection and design of visual curriculum materials.

Findings
Scholars have suggested that visual documents are rarely introduced in educational settings as a means to develop the thinking skills of decoding, interpreting and evaluating pictorial information. The authors argue that these skills are vital civic competencies because the creation and critique of non-written information often mediates modern public issues and social identities.

Research limitations/implications
Informed by strong, consistent research into multimodal learning, visual literacy and the cognitive sciences, the wise-practice scaffolding suggestions the authors provide may help professionals with an interest in social studies education to synthesize theory-based suggestions with practice-based implementations as it concerns visual documents. The authors hope the guidance shared here helps teachers, teacher educators and curriculum designers produce high-quality resources that will engage contemporary students and help them develop civic competence.

Originality/value
First, the authors posit a research-based template, or planning checklist, of wise-practice suggestions to help social studies teachers, teacher educators and curriculum designers select visual documents. The authors then share several digital collection archives that teachers can visit to locate powerful visuals and describe research-based suggestions for designing them for dynamic implementation. Finally, the authors argue for more deliberative space in the social studies curriculum and classroom time for teachers to explore the educative power of centering inquiry-based instruction around visual information.
Can chlorination of ballast water reduce biological invasions?
Authors: Lin Yaping , Zhan Aibin , Hernandez Marco R. , Paolucci Esteban , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Briski Elizabeta 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Ballast water has been identified as a leading vector for introduction of non‐indigenous species. Recently, the International Maritime Organization implemented management standards—D‐2—where all large, commercial ships trading internationally are required to adopt an approved treatment system using technologies such as ultraviolet radiation or chlorination. However, current management regulations are based only on the total abundance of viable taxa transported (i.e. total propagule pressure), largely ignoring species richness (i.e. colonization pressure).

To determine the efficacy of chlorine treatment in reducing invasion risks and changes in transported biological communities inside ballast tanks, we used DNA metabarcoding‐based approaches to estimate colonization pressure (here, the number of species/operational taxonomic units [OTUs] introduced) and relative propagule pressure (relative abundance of each species/OTU) of zooplankton communities in control and chlorine treated tanks during four transatlantic voyages.

Our study demonstrated that transport itself did not significantly reduce colonization pressure of zooplankton species, nor did chlorine treatment. Chlorine treatment altered community structure by reducing relative propagule pressure of some taxa such as Mollusca and Rotifera, while increasing relative propagule pressure of some Oligohymenophorea and Copepoda species.

Synthesis and applications. Chlorine treatment may not reduce invasion risks as much as previously thought. Reduction in total propagule pressure does not mean reduction in abundance of all species equally. While some taxa might experience drastically reduced abundance, others might not change at all or increase due to hatching from dormant stages initiated by chlorine exposure. Therefore, management strategies should consider changes in total propagule pressure and colonization pressure when forecasting risk of new invasions. We therefore recommend adopting new approaches, such as DNA metabarcoding‐based methods, to assess the whole biodiversity discharged from ballast water. As species responses to chlorine treatment are variable and affected by concentration, we also recommend a combination of different technologies to reduce introduction risks of aquatic organisms.
Power to detect trends in abundance within a distance sampling framework
Authors: Andersen Erik M. , Steidl Robert J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEnsuring that inferences from biological monitoring are reliable requires a level of sampling effort that is commensurate with programmatic objectives and reflects attributes of target populations. Consensus guidelines have emerged to guide allocation of sampling effort for programmes designed to detect trends in occupancy but not for abundance, despite its prevalence as a target parameter.We evaluated the influence of population attributes (density, availability, detection probability and magnitude of trend) and sampling design features (number of sites, number of repeat surveys, and survey‐year interval) on a Bayesian analogue of statistical power to detect declines in abundance estimated using distance sampling methods. For a range of values common to terrestrial vertebrates, we simulated spatially and temporally replicated populations from which we generated survey data. We then analysed each dataset with a hierarchical open‐population model that allowed for temporary emigration to estimate power for periods of 5–20 years.For a given amount of sampling effort, power to detect trends was highest when effort was allocated to maximizing the number of sites by decreasing the number of repeat surveys within a year and increasing the interval between survey years. For example, to have an 80% chance of detecting a 3% annual decline required 40% longer when 67 sites were surveyed three times per year compared to 600 sites surveyed once every three years despite both allocations requiring 4,000 surveys over 20 years. Notably, these patterns were independent of density or detectability of the target species, which contrasts with occupancy studies where optimal allocation shifts from surveying more sites to more repeat surveys when detectability is low or occupancy is high.Synthesis and applications. Our findings provide guidance for allocating resources efficiently for distance sampling studies focused on terrestrial vertebrates. By comparing the approximate density and detectability of target populations to those we considered, monitoring programmes can balance the amount of survey effort allocated to sites, surveys per site, and annual revisits to help ensure sufficient power to meet objectives effectively and efficiently. These decisions are increasingly important as budgets for conservation decrease and consequences of inaction continue to increase.
Gender discrimination in the United States: Experiences of women
Authors: SteelFisher Gillian K. , Findling Mary G. , Bleich Sara N. , Casey Logan S. , Blendon Robert J. , Benson John M. , Sayde Justin M. , Miller Carolyn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine reported experiences of gender discrimination and harassment among US women.Data Source and Study DesignData come from a nationally representative, probability‐based telephone survey of 1596 women, conducted January‐April 2017.MethodsWe calculated the percentages of women reporting gender discrimination and harassment in several domains, including health care. We used logistic regression to examine variation in experiences among women by race/ethnicity and sexual orientation/gender identity.Principal FindingsSizable fractions of women experience discrimination and harassment, including discrimination in health care (18 percent), equal pay/promotions (41 percent), and higher education (20 percent). In adjusted models, Native American, black, and Latina women had higher odds than white women of reporting gender discrimination in several domains, including health care. Latinas’ odds of health care avoidance versus whites was (OR [95% CI]) 3.69 (1.59, 8.58), while blacks’ odds of discrimination in health care visits versus whites was 2.00 [1.06, 3.74]. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) women had higher odds of reporting sexual harassment (2.16 [1.06, 4.40]) and violence (2.71 [1.43, 5.16]) against themselves or female family members than non‐LGBTQ women.ConclusionsResults suggest that discrimination and harassment are widely experienced by women across multiple domains of their lives, particularly those who are a racial/ethnic minority or LGBTQ. Further policy and programmatic efforts beyond current legal protections for women are needed to meaningfully reduce these negative experiences, as they impact women's health care and their lives overall.
Leadership challenges of directors of emergency medicine: An Australasian Delphi study
Authors: Rixon Andrew , Wilson Samuel , Hussain Sairah , Terziovski Mile , Judkins Simon , White Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveEmergency medicine (EM) is an emerging profession with complex clinical and leadership demands. However, studies of leadership in EM are in their infancy. The present study makes a novel contribution to empirical research in this area by examining the leadership challenges faced by Australasian directors of emergency medicine (DEMs).MethodsAn online Delphi study was conducted with 87 Australasian DEMs. To structure the process, participants were sorted into four panels reflecting their leadership experience and geographical location. Using a three‐phase Delphi process, participants were guided through the process of brainstorming leadership challenges, narrowing down these challenges, and ranking these challenges from most to least important.ResultsFour leadership challenges were shared across all panels, regardless of experience and location; namely, administrative overload, overcrowding and access block, managing challenging colleagues and engaging with hospital executive. However, the low consensus achieved within and across panels highlights the complexity of leadership in EM and cautions against simplistic approaches to addressing leadership challenges.ConclusionThe recommendation for DEMs is that they need to engage in programmes which will support the development of the leadership and non‐clinical skills required to enable them to cope with responsibilities of hybrid role of physician‐leader. The development and delivery of specialised leadership programmes attuned to the hybridity of the director role and the complexity of hospitals is vital for ensuring high‐quality patient care and successful running of EDs.
Accuracy of de novo assembly of DNA sequences from double‐digest libraries varies substantially among software
Authors: LaCava Melanie E. F. , Aikens Ellen O. , Megna Libby C. , Randolph Gregg , Hubbard Charley , Buerkle C. Alex 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdvances in DNA sequencing have made it feasible to gather genomic data for non‐model organisms and large sets of individuals, often using methods for sequencing subsets of the genome. Several of these methods sequence DNA associated with endonuclease restriction sites (various RAD and GBS methods). For use in taxa without a reference genome, these methods rely on de novo assembly of fragments in the sequencing library. Many of the software options available for this application were originally developed for other assembly types and we do not know their accuracy for reduced representation libraries. To address this important knowledge gap, we simulated data from the Arabidopsis thaliana and Homo sapiens genomes and compared de novo assemblies by six software programs that are commonly used or promising for this purpose (ABySS, CD‐HIT, Stacks, Stacks2, Velvet and VSEARCH). We simulated different mutation rates and types of mutations, and then applied the six assemblers to the simulated data sets, varying assembly parameters. We found substantial variation in software performance across simulations and parameter settings. ABySS failed to recover any true genome fragments, and Velvet and VSEARCH performed poorly for most simulations. Stacks and Stacks2 produced accurate assemblies of simulations containing SNPs, but the addition of insertion and deletion mutations decreased their performance. CD‐HIT was the only assembler that consistently recovered a high proportion of true genome fragments. Here, we demonstrate the substantial difference in the accuracy of assemblies from different software programs and the importance of comparing assemblies that result from different parameter settings.
Bringing automated, remote‐sensed, machine learning methods to monitoring crop landscapes at scale
Authors: Jia Xiaowei , Khandelwal Ankush , Mulla David J. , Pardey Philip G. , Kumar Vipin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article provides an overview of how recent advances in machine learning and the availability of data from earth observing satellites can dramatically improve our ability to automatically map croplands over long periods and over large regions. It discusses three applications in the domain of crop monitoring where machine learning (ML) approaches are beginning to show great promise. For each application, it highlights machine learning challenges, proposed approaches, and recent results. The article concludes with discussion of major challenges that need to be addressed before ML approaches will reach their full potential for this problem of great societal relevance.
Trade‐offs in the performance of alternative farming systems
Authors: Ramankutty Navin , Ricciardi Vincent , Mehrabi Zia , Seufert Verena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNumerous alternative farming systems are proposed as solutions to the sustainability challenges of today's conventional farming systems. In this paper, we review the production, environmental, and socioeconomic performance of three widely discussed and promoted alternative farming systems—organic, smallholder, and urban agriculture. We show that both organic and smallholder agricultures have some benefits, but also entail important trade‐offs; organic has environmental benefits, and also livelihood, health, and nutritional benefits for producers and consumers, but is hampered by lower yields and higher prices. Smaller farms have higher yields and host higher biodiversity, but are hampered by lower incomes to farmers. Urban agriculture can take some pressure off rural landscapes, provide nutritional benefits to the urban poor, and engage urban dwellers in addressing food system challenges, but it simply cannot scale up to be a substantial solution in and of itself. We suggest that instead of focusing on alternative systems, we should identify pathways to sustainable farming for all systems, reforming conventional systems where they perform poorly, and transitioning to alternative systems in contexts where they perform best.
Implementing an outreach headspace mental health service to increase access for disadvantaged and rural youth in Southern Tasmania
Authors: Bridgman Heather , Ashby Miranda , Sargent Celina , Marsh Pauline , Barnett Tony 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProblemBarriers, including distance and lack of transport, make it difficult for young people to access mental health services such as headspace.DesignA collaborative mental health outreach service initiative with outcome measures assessed at baseline and after 2 years.SettingThe service was designed and implemented by headspace Hobart and Pulse Youth Health Service based in Glenorchy, Tasmania, Australia.Key measures for improvement

Number of rural and socio‐economically disadvantaged young people accessing the outreach service.

Wait time to see a mental health clinician.

Strategies for changeOrganisational leadership and adoption of co‐design principles. Staff and youth from both services were engaged in planning and implementation. Regular service reviews were undertaken by representatives from both organisations.Effects of changeNumbers of young people from rural and socio‐economically disadvantaged areas accessing the service increased. Wait times to see a mental health clinician were reduced by a minimum 10 working days.Lessons learntStaff engagement was vital in supporting and promoting the new outreach service. The risk of diluting the headspace model fidelity was ameliorated by collaborating with an existing, complimentary youth health service. The success of the service has resulted in four more outreach sites. Although administration resources are stretched, the outreach model offers an opportunity to increase access to youth‐friendly mental health services for young people from disadvantaged and rural areas of Southern Tasmania.