Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) in HIV Associated Lymphoma (HIV-Ly) Patients: An Updated Analysis of the EBMT Lymphoma Working Party (EBMT-LWP) Experience.
Authors: Balsalobre Pascual , Diez-Martin Jose L. , Re Alessandro , Michieli Maria G. , Ribera Josep-Maria , Rosselet Anne , Conde Eulogio , Varela Rosario , Cwynarski Kate , Gabriel Ian , Genet Philippe , Guillerm Gaelle , Allione Bernardino , Ferrant Augustin , Hentrich Marcus , Biron Pierre , Meyer Dirk , Espigado Ildefonso , Hunter Ann E. , Jurado Manuel , Fernandez Pascual , Canals Carmen , Taghipour Goli , Serrano David , Sureda Anna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
ASCT has been reported as a feasible, safe and effective treatment in HIV-Ly patients (pts) receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). We hereby present an updated analysis of the EBMT experience on HIV-Ly pts treated with an ASCT since 1999. Sixty eight pts from 20 institutions [56 (82%) males, median age of 41 (29–62) years] were included. Twenty-two pts met AIDS criteria (other than lymphoma) at the time of HIV-Ly diagnosis. Forty-nine pts were diagnosed of NHL (31 DLBCL; 8 Burkitt/Burkitt-like; 4 plasmablastic; 3 anaplastic, 3 PTCL), 80% of them presenting with stage &gt;II and 18 pts of HL, 61% of them presenting with stage &gt;II. Median (range) lines of therapy before ASCT was 2 (1–5). Thirty-five pts were autografted in CR (16 in CR1), 25 in chemosensitive disease and 8 in chemoresistant disease. Sixty-five pts received the BEAM protocol as a conditioning regimen and the remaining three received TBI-based protocols. Two pts received more than 1 ASCT (censored at time of 2nd ASCT). At the time of ASCT the median number of CD4+ cells was 162 (8–1159)/mcl and 34 pts had undetectable HIV viral loads. HAART was given in 55/57 pts during conditioning but withdrawn in 25% of them. The median number of CD34+ cells infused was 4.5 (1.6–21.2) ×106/kg and G-CSF was used until engraftment in 60/67 pts for a median of 8 (2–21) days. All pts but one who died on day +15 reached neutrophils&gt;500/ml at a median time of 11 (8–36) days. Platelet count &gt;20.000/ml was reached in 61 pts at a median time of 14 (6–455) days. Twenty three pts (34%) died: disease-progression (n=15), acute ASCT-related complications (n=6) [bacterial infections (n=4), multi-organ failure (n=1), other complications (n=1)] and 2 pts died from HIV-related complications. Cumulative incidence of NRM was 4.4% (95%CI 1.5–13.3) and 7.6% (95%CI 3.3–17.6) at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Age &gt; 50 years at ASCT [RR 4.37 (95%CI 1.01–18.89), p = 0.05] was the only independent adverse prognostic factor for NRM. Relapse occurred in 19 (28%) pts giving a cumulative incidence of 23.6% (15.2–36.9) and 29.6% (20.0–43.8) at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Median time to progression was 4.5 (0.5–32) months. Histology (NHL other than DLBCL) [RR 3.2 (95%CI 1.0–9.6), p = 0.04], the use of &gt;2 previous treatment lines [RR 2.7 (95%CI 1.0–7.2), p = 0.05] and not being in CR at ASCT [RR 3.5 (95%CI 1.2–9.7), p = 0.02] were significantly associated with a higher risk of relapse post-ASCT. With a median follow up time of 32 (2–81) months, PFS and OS were 56% (CI95% 43–70) and 61% (CI95% 48–74) at 3 years, respectively. Pts with refractory disease showed a poorer OS [RR 5.1 (95%CI 1.8–14.6), p = 0.002] and PFS [RR 5.3 (95%CI 2.0–13.7), p = 0.001]. One pt developed an in-situ epithelioma and myelodisplastic syndrome (+4y) and another one a kidney adenocarcinoma (+3y). The results of the largest experience on ASCT for HIV-Ly indicate that this approach is a useful treatment in terms of NRM, long-term OS, and PFS, with significantly better results in patients autografted with chemosensitive disease.