bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le brassage génétique des populations insulaires du Finistère Nord de 1700 à 1940. Ouessant, Ile-de-Batz et Molène
Authors: Argouarc’h Jean , Pellen Nadine 
Published: February 2025

Par son isolement géographique, une île est moins sujette au brassage génétique qui se produit naturellement à chaque génération au gré des mariages et des naissances dans une population. Pour évaluer ce brassage, deux méthodes peuvent être utilisées : la patronymie et l'exogamie basée sur la généalogie. La patronymie, fondée sur les registres de naissances, permet de suivre directement le flux génétique des chromosomes Y, présents uniquement chez les individus de sexe masculin, en observant l’apparition de nouveaux patronymes et la disparition de patronymes existants.En analysant la proportion d’hommes et de femmes exogames, c’est-à-dire provenant d’une commune extérieure, on peut calculer, à partir des registres des mariages et des naissances, l’évolution du taux des gènes introduits dans une commune donnée au cours des siècles.Dans les deux cas, l’effet de l’exogamie diminue quand la taille de la commune augmente.La comparaison des trois plus grandes îles du Finistère Nord - Ouessant, l’Ile-de-Batz et l’Ile-Molène - avec trois communes de populations équivalentes, confirme que l’exogamie des femmes y est inférieure à celle des hommes, qui est elle-même nettement inférieure à celle des hommes et des femmes du continent, qui sont comparables entre elles.L’évolution du taux de gènes externes dans chaque île et chaque commune, qui en dépend directement, confirme cette tendance. En revanche, le taux de patronymes nouveaux est comparable entre les îles et les communes du continent. Cela découle des distances de migrations des arrivants, qui sont beaucoup plus élevées dans les îles que dans les communes du continent. Enfin, bien que le brassage génétique des gènes masculins Y soit peu différent entre les îles et le continent, celui des gènes non sexuels et des gènes féminins X reste très probablement plus faible sur les îles que dans les communes du continent.
Les racines de l’émigration corse et martiniquaise : saisir le rôle des mobilités locales au prisme des contextes migratoires
Authors: Moutai Tania 
Published: February 2025

Cet article explore les relations entre les mobilités résidentielles intrarégionales et l’émigration des Corses et des Metartiniquais vers le continent français. Alors que l’émigration internationale est parfois précédée d’une migration au sein du territoire national [King et al., 1997 ; Wong, 2000 ; Bakewell et Jónsson, 2011] cette étude se concentre sur l’articulation de ces deux formes de mobilité dans des contextes insulaires. À partir des données du recensement de la population de 2019 et de 55 entretiens semi-directifs menés entre 2023 et 2024, tant sur les îles concernées que sur le continent, l’analyse montre que, bien que les barrières à l’émigration soient plus élevées depuis la Martinique que depuis la Corse, la Martinique figure parmi les régions les plus touchées par l’émigration, tandis que la Corse est peu concernée. Paradoxalement, ces deux régions ont en commun de présenter un faible taux de mobilité résidentielle locale. Ce phénomène s’explique par des facteurs géographiques, comme la taille restreinte du territoire, et par une structure socio-économique caractérisée par une population plus âgée et plus pauvre que la moyenne nationale. Si ces constats peuvent laisser penser à une absence de lien entre mobilité interne et émigration en Martinique et en Corse, l’article met en évidence des relations complexes entre ces deux formes de déplacement. Ces interactions peuvent être de nature substitutive, catalysatrice, alternante ou encore préliminaire. Les dynamiques ainsi dévoilées soulignent la complexité des trajectoires de mobilité dans ces contextes insulaires, offrant une perspective nuancée sur la manière dont les individus naviguent entre mobilité locale et émigration.
Les mobilités depuis les Comores et la Polynésie vers Brest. Insularités, choix et contraintes dans l’insertion des diasporas en France continentale
Authors: Jézéquel Pauline , Brigand Louis , Audard Frédéric 
Published: February 2025

Si les îles font l’objet de nombreux travaux de recherche en géographie, les mobilités des populations insulaires vers la France continentale restent relativement peu étudiées, en comparaison avec l’ensemble de la littérature sur les mobilités résidentielles et les îles. Identifiables comme diasporas, les populations des îles perçoivent ces mobilités avant tout comme une nécessité contrainte ou choisie. Il serait toutefois réducteur de qualifier ces mobilités uniquement par le besoin économique : la mobilité engage une palette plus large de motifs, qu’il s’agisse d’îles-États ou intégrées à des États continentaux. Ainsi, l’expérience de mobilité des îliennes et des îliens peut être utile pour saisir les modalités d’arrivées dans un nouveau territoire. Le mouvement, d’abord essentiellement contraint, peut se transformer en mobilité choisie sur le long terme avant de rentrer ou non sur les îles. L’objectif principal de cet article est alors de comprendre, d’analyser et de comparer les mobilités et l’insertion de deux diasporas îliennes (Polynésie et Comores) résidentes dans le Pays de Brest, territoire continental, littoral et urbanisé.
La différenciation des pratiques familiales en Polynésie française. Influences du lieu de vie, du genre, de la classe sociale et de l’âge
Authors: Protar Louise , Fardeau Leïla 
Published: February 2025

Cet article livre une lecture combinée, à la fois sociologique et démographique, de la diversité des façons de vivre en famille en Polynésie française contemporaine. La vie des personnes en famille est ici appréhendée à travers les enjeux matériels des relations de parenté, à la fois au sein du groupe domestique quotidien (habiter ensemble, élever des enfants …) et du réseau familial, à proximité et à distance (se rendre service, se voir, se parler, partager des ressources, prendre soin des enfants et des aînés, …). Il s’agit de questionner les conditions concrètes de la vie de famille des Polynésiens et des Polynésiennes et de donner à voir la manière dont des déterminants sociologiques tels que le genre, l’âge, la classe sociale ou encore le lieu de résidence façonnent les pratiques familiales. L’objectif est donc de saisir les logiques sociales qui déterminent ces pratiques, dans un contexte d’insularité où les liens familiaux sont conditionnés par des mobilités intenses et l’éloignement. Pour ce faire, l’article construit le dialogue entre deux enquêtes : une étude quantitative fine des configurations familiales et une enquête ethnographique sur les pratiques familiales contemporaines.
Les jeunes en quartier prioritaire à la fin des études : conditions d’accès à l’alternance et plus-value sur l’insertion
Authors: Personnaz Elsa , Sawadogo Arthur Félix W. 
Published: February 2025

Alors que l’alternance connaît une ascension remarquable dans l’offre de formation en France, y accéder semble pour le moins difficile pour certaines catégories de la population. Cette recherche, s’appuyant sur l’enquête Génération 2017 du Céreq, propose ainsi de documenter les inégalités d’accès des jeunes à l’alternance au regard du lieu de résidence, ainsi que celle de sa plus-value pour celles et ceux résidant en quartier prioritaire de la ville (QPV) lors de leur sortie du système scolaire. Si les avantages des jeunes formés en alternance, d’une part, et les difficultés d’insertion des jeunes originaires de ces quartiers, d’autre part, sont largement étudiés, l’originalité de cette étude est de croiser les deux dimensions.
Supporting the wounded: Parents of adolescents recovering from substance use disorder
Authors: Mathibela Faith , Masombuka Jan 
Published: February 2025

Background: The increase of adolescent substance use disorders (SUDs) around the world has a lot of negative effects on the parents and frequently degrades their quality of life. Substance use disorder is a critical issue recognised as a chronic, complex health and social condition. Parents of adolescents recovering from SUD may suffer significantly as a result of the wide range of negative emotions that come with having adolescents recovering from SUD. From the extant literature, there is little evidence of the strategies used to address the support needs of parents who carry the burden of adolescent SUD care.Aim: The authors focused on exploring the support needs of parents living with adolescents recovering from SUD.Setting: The study was conducted in Tshwane, where they struggling with adolescent SUD issues, making it challenging to foster stable communities and social cohesion. Data were collected at the three in-patient treatment centres.Methods: Qualitative reseach was used to understand the phenomenon using ecological systems theory. The researchers conducted face to face interviews with parents, employing semi-structured method through purposive sampling.Results: The findings highlighted the following themes: The findings highlighted the following them: experiences of parenting an adolescent recovering from SUD, the support needed for parents and the desired services to help them cope.Conclusion: Parents expressed feeling overwhelmed and struggling to cope with adolescents recovering from SUD.Contribution: The study benefits the social work profession in the field of substance dependency by finding ways to support parents of adolescents recovering from SUD.
Gauteng mental healthcare providers’ understanding of cultural and religious illnesses
Authors: Mathapo-Thobakgale Ellen M. , Mulaudzi Fhumulani , Ngunyulu Roinah N. 
Published: February 2025

Background: Cultural and religious illnesses such as spirit possessions are health conditions that are not easily understood by healthcare providers in mental healthcare service institutions. Mental health care providers’ understanding is guided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) that seems to not recognise cultural and religious illnesses as a disorder that needs distinct care. The study explored mental healthcare providers’ understanding of cultural and religious illnesses that could assist spirit-possessed persons to receive proper management and early referrals to traditional health practitioners and faith healers who are expects in cultural and religious illnesses.Methods: Hermeneutic phenomenology explored 12 mental healthcare providers’ understanding of cultural and religious illnesses. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 12 mental healthcare providers who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from two mental healthcare institutions in the Gauteng province of South Africa that provide mental healthcare services. Data analysis followed Heidegger’s and Gadamer’s philosophies and Van Manen’s six steps.Results: The findings revealed that mental healthcare providers understood cultural and religious illnesses as mental illness that is unclassified, a calling for a person to become a traditional health practitioner, a demonic spirit and/or witchcraft. The term ‘unclassified disorder’ denotes that there are no specific criteria that could be used to classify an illness.Conclusion: Understanding of cultural and religious illnesses could assist mental healthcare providers that ill-nesses that do not respond to psychiatric treatment can be referred to traditional health practitioners with expert cultural and religious assessment.Contribution: The study could assist MHCPs to acknowledge and take culture and religion into account when providing care to person with cultural and religious illness. Considering the culture and religion of the spir-it-possessed person could be an attempt to move towards a holistic understanding of health needs that highlight the continuous connections between mind, body, and soul.
Factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents in Oshikoto Region, Namibia
Authors: Ashipala Daniel O. , Shuukwanyama Tukwatha A. , Nghikevali Abraham V. 
Published: February 2025

Background: In Namibia, the Omuthiya Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Clinic has indicated that nine older adolescents (15–19 years) out of 125 adolescents active on ART have defaulted and become lost to care. This represents an 89% retention rate among older adolescents compared to a 97% retention rate for the adult population in the same facility. There is a lack of information on the extent of ART adherence among older adolescents, particularly in terms of viral suppression rates. This study aims to measure the level of adherence to ART treatment among adolescents enrolled at the Omuthiya ART Clinic in the Oshikoto Region, Namibia.Methods: From November to December 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) at the Omuthiya ART Clinic. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.Results: The study found that 24% of adolescent patients on ART treated at the Omuthiya ART Clinic are non-adherent to treatment. A significant association found was between education level and adherence (p = 0.008), alcohol use and adherence (p = 0.022) and memory aids use and adherence (p 0.001).Conclusion: Adolescents’ adherence to ART at the Omuthiya ART Clinic is influenced by educational level, alcohol use, and memory aid use. Further research is needed to explore other potential factors influencing adherence.Contribution: These findings may be used to develop ongoing strategies and targeted interventions that prioritise a patient-centred care approach, recognising the autonomy of adolescents. In addition, they highlight the importance of a supportive family environment in managing HIV and improving ART adherence.
Community service rehabilitation therapists’ perspectives of cross-disciplinary supervision
Authors: Sibiya Zinzile N. , Ross Andrew J. 
Published: February 2025

Background: In South Africa, graduate rehabilitation therapists undertake a compulsory community service (CS) year in public healthcare facilities, often entering this role without sufficient competency to work independently. They rely on supervision and support, which may come from senior therapists of different disciplines. This study, conducted in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, explores the experiences of rehabilitation therapists regarding cross-disciplinary supervision and support during their CS year.Methods: A qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory design was employed. Virtual semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven purposively sampled participants from five KZN districts. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically.Results: The findings revealed four themes and ten sub-themes, highlighting the challenges and benefits of cross-disciplinary supervision, dissatisfaction with existing support structures, and recommendations for improvement. The CS therapists, as junior staff, often lacked the experience and authority to deliver optimal patient care within resource-constrained settings.Conclusion: While discipline-specific supervision remains the preferred approach, cross-disciplinary supervision contributed positively to professional development, broadening therapists’ understanding of other rehabilitation disciplines. However, the limited availability of accessible, discipline-specific supervisors remains a significant concern. Given their frequent isolation and minimal experience, CS therapists require consistent, discipline-specific support to meet service demands.Contribution: This study emphasises need to address the experiences of CS therapists, who face high patient loads and limited support, in public health sector planning. Incorporating their insights can enhance their ability to deliver essential services, ensuring better outcomes for the populations served by the public health system.
Benefit of Gastro™ Laryngeal Mask Airway® during Total Intravenous Anesthesia for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Archana K. N. , Subramanian Akaash , Kumar P. Harish , Kumararadhya Girish Bandigowdanahalli , Nandeesh H. P. , Shivakumar K. G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context:
Deep level of sedation required during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can cause hypoxia in part due to an unsecured airway. This study aims to study the benefits of using the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Gastro to secure the airway in ERCP.

Aims:
To determine the benefit of Gastro LMA for securing airway for ERCP procedure, by recording the incidence of intraprocedural adverse cardiorespiratory events – hypoxia, hypotension, bradycardia, and arrhythmias.

Settings and Design:
A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted at a tertiary hospital with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade I to III patients undergoing ERCP procedure in the endoscopy suite.

Subjects and Methods:
Eighty patients between 18 and 70 years of age fulfilling the inclusion criteria undergoing ERCP were selected for this prospective, randomized controlled study, after obtaining institutional ethical committee approval. Patients were allocated to either LMA Gastro group (G) or to control group (C). Standard anesthesia protocols were followed, and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded at regular intervals during the course of the procedure.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Comparisons were made using t-tests and Chi-square tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.

Results:
Our study demonstrated that the LMA Gastro group maintained significantly greater oxygen saturation, with nil hypoxic events occurring in this group. Comparatively, the control group experienced four episodes of hypoxia. The LMA Gastro group also demonstrated statistically significant increases in mean blood pressure, while mean heart rates were lower. However, these did not translate to any clinically significant differences, and the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia events were comparable between the groups. The total amount of propofol required to maintain desired sedation levels was found to be comparable between the groups. No postoperative hemodynamic or respiratory adverse events were recorded, and incidence of sore throat was found to be statistically insignificant.

Conclusions:
The LMA Gastro offers excellent control of the patient airway during TIVA for ERCP, providing superior maintenance of oxygen saturation. It also allows for the initiation of positive pressure ventilation when required. The hemodynamic profile including incidence of hypotension and arrhythmias, while providing sedation with the LMA Gastro in situ is not clinically significant in comparison to sedation with native unsecured airway. It can be easily inserted by an anesthetist, and it offers the same level of efficacy and safety even in ASA class III patients. These characteristics make it an attractive primary airway technique in ERCP.
Retrospective study of root canal configuration of permanent mandibular incisors among Indian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Doshi Purva , Oswal Piyush , Srinidhi S. R. , Bhujbal Mayuresh , Malu Krutika 
Published: February 2025

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and determine the root canal configuration in mandibular incisors among the Indian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:
A cross-sectional retrospective study was performed on 872 CBCT images of mandibular permanent incisors (central and lateral) of Indian subpopulation who visited the radiology department at a dental college between 2014 and 2023. The teeth were investigated for the number of roots and canals and canal configuration types according to Vertucci’s classification. The CBCT images were interpreted, and the data were analyzed statistically.

Results:
Out of a total of 872 incisor teeth, it was found that out of male subjects, 472 (99.8%) had one root, and 1 (0.2%) had two roots, and out of 400 incisor teeth of female subjects, 396 (99.0%) had one root, and 4 (1.0%) had two roots. It was found that of 436 right-sided incisors, majority, i.e., 187 (42.9%) were of type 1, 112 (25.7%) were of type 2, 86 (19.7%) were of type 3, 43 (9.9%) were of type 4, 6 (1.4%) were of type 5, and 2 (0.4%) were of type 6. Out of 436 left-sided incisors, the majority, i.e., 179 (41.0%) were of type 1, 110 (25.2%) were of type 2, 105 (24.1%) were of type 3, 38 (8.7%) were of type 4, 2 (0.4%) were of type 5, and 2 (0.4%) were of type 6. The distribution of Vertucci’s classification did not differ significantly between the group of right-sided teeth and the group of left-sided teeth in the study group (P > 0.05). While the distribution of the number of roots differs significantly across various age groups of subjects studied in the study group along with the total of 436 right-sided incisors, 433 had one root, and 3 had two roots. Out of 436 left-sided incisors, 434 (99.5%) had one root, and 2 (0.5%) had two roots. The distribution of the number of roots did not differ significantly between the group of right-sided teeth and the group of left-sided teeth in the study group.

Conclusion:
Mandibular central and lateral incisors showed no statistical difference between males and females in terms of the number of canals and canal configurations. The distribution of the number of roots differs significantly across various age groups. The distribution of the number of roots did not differ significantly between the group of right-sided teeth and the group of left-sided teeth in the study group. CBCT is the ideal method for critically analyzing the root canal system. Therefore, comprehensive interpretation of radiographs in determining the extension of access preparation and the use of dental microscopy to enhance visibility can help clinicians locate and negotiate extra canals.
Effect of continuous rotary and reciprocating motions on cyclic fatigue resistance of two different nickel–titanium endodontic files: An in vitro study
Authors: Nagpal Rashmeet , Sinha Dakshita Joy , Rathi Ruchi , Gupta Aditya , Puri Nikhil , Paul Rahul 
Published: February 2025

Aim:
The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of TruNatomy (TRN) and WaveOne Gold (WOG) nickel–titanium files subjected to continuous rotary and reciprocating motions.

Methods:
Forty files were divided into two groups which were further divided into two subgroups where Group 1A and Group 2A consisted of 10 samples having size 26, 4% taper TRN files and 25, 7% taper WOG files, respectively, with each file subjected to rotary motion, whereas Group 1B and Group 2B consisted of 10 samples having size 26, 4% taper TRN files and 25, 7% taper WOG files, respectively, with each file subjected to reciprocation motion. All files were tested for cyclic fatigue in the customized model made of stainless steel having an angle of curvature of 60° and a radius of curvature of 3 mm.

Results:
Highest resistance to cyclic fatigue was obtained from WOG files subjected to reciprocating motion followed by TRN files subjected to reciprocating motion and TRN files subjected to rotary motion. Least resistance to cyclic fatigue was obtained from WOG files subjected to rotary motion.

Conclusion:
Using files in reciprocating motion enhances their CFR and TRN files showed more resistance to cyclic fatigue than WOG files in continuous rotation motion.