bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of multi-tissue transcriptomes reveals candidate genes and pathways influenced by cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Pan Zhi-Lin , Chen Cho-Yi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of medical conditions that impair circulation of blood to the brain, including stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), embolism, aneurysm, and other circulatory disorders affecting the brain. Here, we investigated the effects of having CVD history on the molecular signature of brain regions by comparing gene expression profiles from several brain tissues between cohorts with and without CVD history. We first merged tissue samples from GTEx RNA-Seq dataset into clusters based on the overall gene expression similarity. Then we performed differential expression (DE) analyses for each cluster using a linear mixed model that controls covariates and the individual random effect. Cross-region DE genes were ranked by the combined q-values derived from the mixed model using Fisher’s method. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) program. We identified hundreds of DE genes, and many of them are related to endothelial or brain functions and associated diseases. We found that STAB1 was highly overexpressed across brain regions in the CVD cohort, and the upregulation of STAB1 in brain tissues may contribute to weaker self-defense mechanisms against lesions in the brain. Our results suggest a list of candidate genes and pathways that may be dysregulated in the brains of people with CVD history, implying that suffering from CVD could pose potential hazard to the brain.
Minimal lactazole scaffold for in vitro production of pseudo-natural thiopeptides
Authors: Vinogradov Alexander A. , Shimomura Morito , Goto Yuki , Ozaki Taro , Asamizu Shumpei , Sugai Yoshinori , Suga Hiroaki , Onaka Hiroyasu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLactazole A is a cryptic thiopeptide from Streptomyces lactacystinaeus, encoded by a compact 9.8 kb biosynthetic gene cluster. Here, we established a platform for in vitro biosynthesis of lactazole A, referred to as the FIT-Laz system, via a combination of the flexible in vitro translation (FIT) system with recombinantly produced lactazole biosynthetic enzymes. Systematic dissection of lactazole biosynthesis revealed remarkable substrate tolerance of the biosynthetic enzymes, and led to the development of the “minimal lactazole scaffold”, a construct requiring only 6 post-translational modifications for macrocyclization. Efficient assembly of such minimal thiopeptides with FIT-Laz enabled access to diverse lactazole analogs with 10 consecutive mutations, 14- to 62-membered macrocycles, and up to 18 amino acid-long tail regions. Moreover, utilizing genetic code reprogramming, we demonstrated synthesis of pseudo-natural lactazoles containing 4 non-proteinogenic amino acids. This work opens possibilities in exploring novel sequence space of pseudo-natural thiopeptides.
Conceptualising patterns of career commitment: the leaving process in hospitality
Authors: Gebbels Maria , Pantelidis Ioannis S. , Goss-Turner Steven 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the interplay between self-efficacy and career inheritance and its influence on career commitment in the hospitality sector. High labour turnover, unclear career paths and the transient nature of the work available in hospitality render it a suitable industry context that allows us to explore career commitment patterns.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on life history methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with hospitality professionals holding a relevant degree but no longer employed in the hospitality industry.

Findings
The findings revealed the interplay between self-efficacy, career inheritance and career commitment, as well as the speed of decline of career commitment, visualised as patterns of the leaving process. Although an infinite number of variations are possible, data unveiled the three main patterns.

Research limitations/implications
The schematic illustrations of the patterns of the leaving process are not representative. The purposive sample comprises only ex-hospitality professionals, and generalisations can be considered in future studies.

Practical implications
This newly conceptualised understanding of career commitment enables researchers to reconsider the fundamental reasons why individuals leave the hospitality industry, whilst also offering hospitality managers deeper insights into how the three identified patterns could inform recruitment and selection.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature through its meaningful theoretical extension in the context of career development studies. The unique concept of the leaving process addresses the prevalent issue of turnover and generates important implications.
Do parents and carers experiencing violent and challenging behaviour from their children fit with safeguarding models of support? Messages from a Facebook study
Authors: Heslop Philip , McAnelly Su , Wilcockson Jane , Newbold Yvonne , Avantaggiato-Quinn Maria , Meredith Cathryn 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper reports research findings on the experiences of parents/carers of children with special education needs and disabilities who present violent and challenging behaviour. More specifically, the purpose of this paper is to explore how parents/carers report how their support needs are met by social care services.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is an empirical study which considers the challenging side of parenting children with additional needs. Data were gathered through a national online social media focus group and thematically analysed to identify emerging themes from an overlooked community. The study applied a participatory approach, with researchers and participants collaborating in designing and producing the research.

Findings
Participants reported a multitude of adversities and they experience difficulties in accessing support from professionals. The parents and carers expressed a continued desire to care for their children, often during much adversity and in receipt of little recognition or support from external agencies. An emerging theme was that they are often not assessed in their own right by agencies who focus on safeguarding.

Research limitations/implications
In this online participatory study, participants were self-selecting and the research relied on self-report during online discussions.

Originality/value
This study is original in applying an innovative research methodology using online focus groups with an under researched community. This online focus group generated real time data and offered participants the opportunity to share information in their own environments. The themes emerging from this research have implications for policy and practice for an under reported adult community who experience increasing vulnerabilities.
Evaluation of a psychology graduate internship programme
Authors: Moulton-Perkins Alesia , Wressle Alexandra , Grey Nick , Sired Rebecca 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Applications for clinical psychology training far outstrip places and relevant work experience is key. Paid opportunities are limited and therefore many choose volunteering, with well-connected graduates faring best. To promote equal opportunities a coordinated psychology graduate voluntary internship programme was established in a National Health Service Trust in the South of England. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate intern and supervisor outcomes, equality of access and adherence to governance standards.

Design/methodology/approach
Three cohorts of interns, unappointed applicants and supervisors were surveyed. Between 2013 and 2016, 270 psychology graduates applied, 119 were recruited and 151 either refused a place or were unsuccessful. In total, 91 supervisors provided service-level feedback.

Findings
Interns and applicants were predominantly young, able-bodied white British heterosexual females. Demographic profiles were similar and broadly representative of psychology graduates nationally. While fewer were from Black and Ethnic Minority backgrounds, proportions were greater than the local population. Participants were more socioeconomically privileged than undergraduates nationally. The scheme was popular and well governed according to interns and supervisors. Post-internship employment prospects were improved, with most interns gaining paid mental health roles like assistant psychologist. Most supervisors commented on the positive contribution made by interns to service outcomes.

Originality/value
This study makes a significant contribution to the literature on voluntary psychology graduate posts, an area under-researched until now. Our results suggest that a coordinated, transparent approach can benefit both interns and services by minimising exploitation and maximising developmental opportunities for the new graduate. The programme makes an important contribution to addressing inequalities experienced by psychology graduates attempting to enter mental health careers.
Human rights and the moralities of property
Authors: Holligan Bonnie 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Responding to the Supreme Court’s decision in R (on the application of Mott) v. Environment Agency, the purpose of this study is to explore the interface between property, environment and human rights. It examines the space within human rights jurisprudence for a richer notion of property that can accommodate social and environmental obligation and non-anthropocentric values.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a theoretical lens is applied to human rights doctrine. A central question is the extent to which there is room within the discourse on Article 1 of Protocol 1 (A1P1) to the European Convention on Human Rights for a more relational and ecocentric approach. The paper engages with the jurisprudence of the UK courts and that of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as the works of scholars such as Jennifer Nedelsky and Nicole Graham.

Findings
It is concluded that although the judgment in Mott demonstrates the potential for A1P1 to function as a means for rights-holders to obtain a voice in environmental decision-making processes, it highlights the tendency of property to preserve existing structures and arrangements. When assessing whether an individual is asked to bear an excessive burden, great weight was given in Mott to values associated with livelihood. What did not feature in the (brief) judgment was the consideration of the ecological context in which Mr Mott’s rights were embedded and the extent to which this context might have inherently restricted his ability to enjoy his property. The dispute demonstrates the limitations of existing property institutions and discourses in managing ecological conflict and fostering positive relationships and management practices.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the doctrinal literature on A1P1, providing a new perspective on the role of human rights jurisprudence in managing environmental conflict. It is original in its examination of human rights discourse in light of relational and ecocentric theories of property, providing a critique of existing values and paradigms. Evaluating the doctrinal reasoning in Mott with reference to this theoretical framework, it provides fresh insight into the limitations of the Supreme Court’s approach. It points to the need for more explicit incorporation of environmental values and contexts in human rights reasoning.
Business model innovation: a review and research agenda
Authors: Ramdani Boumediene , Binsaif Ahmed , Boukrami Elias 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to review and synthesise the recent advancements in the business model literature and explore how firms approach business model innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review of business model innovation literature was carried out by analysing 219 papers published between 2010 and 2016.

Findings
Evidence reviewed suggests that rather than taking either an evolutionary process of continuous revision, adaptation and fine-tuning of the existing business model or a revolutionary process of replacing the existing business model, firms can explore alternative business models through experimentation, open and disruptive innovations. It was also found that changing business models encompasses modifying a single element, altering multiple elements simultaneously and/or changing the interactions between elements in four areas of innovation: value proposition, operational value, human capital and financial value.

Research limitations/implications
Although this review highlights the different avenues to business model innovation, the mechanisms by which firms can change their business models and the external factors associated with such change remain unexplored.

Practical implications
The business model innovation framework can be used by practitioners as a “navigation map” to determine where and how to change their existing business models.

Originality/value
Because conflicting approaches exist in the literature on how firms change their business models, the review synthesises these approaches and provides a clear guidance as to the ways through which business model innovation can be undertaken.
Artful praxis: experience, inquiry and consciousness
Authors: Arnold Julie 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the way in which pre-service teachers adopt ways of thinking critically about learning and practice. It highlights the unfolding of critical dialogue, knowledge and artful action as a way of “reading the scene” (Pahl and McKenna, 2015). The focus concerns mindshifts that occur while learning to be a teacher. The study sets out to seek factors that contribute towards development as professional practitioner.

Design/methodology/approach
As part of a much larger study involving ten pre-service teachers, this paper focusses on just one participant named Meredith, a pre-service teacher in her fourth year of her teacher education course. The design constructed draws on the data from Meredith’s interview and conversation, art making and gestural activity while painting and communicating her stories. These narratives from interviews exist in this paper as vignettes and privilege of the interplay of art making, interview and gestural responses. Implementing a framework by Denzin (2001) enables a way of reading to note learning and epiphanic moments that exist for Meredith.

Findings
Moment of learning and themes are indicated and suggest that from the original interview there are 11 important moments of epiphanic mindshifts for Meredith.

Originality/value
The method as practice intends to make cogent links to new levels of consciousness by presenting innovative ways in which qualitative research data can be gathered and analysed. Meredith engages in mindshifts that occur as learner and also embraces experiences of praxis as a means of understanding self and teacher identity.
Individual variation in age‐dependent reproduction: Fast explorers live fast but senesce young?
Authors: Dingemanse Niels J. , Moiron Maria , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. , Mouchet Alexia , Abbey‐Lee Robin N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Adaptive integration of life history and behaviour is expected to result in variation in the pace‐of‐life. Previous work focused on whether ‘risky’ phenotypes live fast but die young, but reported conflicting support. We posit that individuals exhibiting risky phenotypes may alternatively invest heavily in early‐life reproduction but consequently suffer greater reproductive senescence.

We used a 7‐year longitudinal dataset with >1,200 breeding records of >800 female great tits assayed annually for exploratory behaviour to test whether within‐individual age dependency of reproduction varied with exploratory behaviour. We controlled for biasing effects of selective (dis)appearance and within‐individual behavioural plasticity.

Slower and faster explorers produced moderate‐sized clutches when young; faster explorers subsequently showed an increase in clutch size that diminished with age (with moderate support for declines when old), whereas slower explorers produced moderate‐sized clutches throughout their lives. There was some evidence that the same pattern characterized annual fledgling success, if so, unpredictable environmental effects diluted personality‐related differences in this downstream reproductive trait.

Support for age‐related selective appearance was apparent, but only when failing to appreciate within‐individual plasticity in reproduction and behaviour.

Our study identifies within‐individual age‐dependent reproduction, and reproductive senescence, as key components of life‐history strategies that vary between individuals differing in risky behaviour. Future research should thus incorporate age‐dependent reproduction in pace‐of‐life studies.
The Role of ICT in Modulating the Effect of Education and Lifelong Learning on Income Inequality and Economic Growth in Africa
Authors: Tchamyou Vanessa S. , Asongu Simplice A. , Odhiambo Nicholas M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study assesses the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) in modulating the impact of education and lifelong learning on income inequality and economic growth. It focuses on a sample of 48 African countries from 2004 to 2014. The empirical evidence is based on the generalized method of moments. The following findings are established. First, mobile phone and internet each interact with primary school education to decrease income inequality. Second, all ICT indicators interact with secondary school education to exert a negative impact on the Gini index. Third, fixed broadband distinctly interacts with primary school education and lifelong learning to have a positive effect on economic growth. Fourth, ICT indicators do not significantly influence inequality and economic growth through tertiary school education and lifelong learning. These main findings are further substantiated. Policy implications are discussed.
Inhibitory Effects of Pectinase‐Treated Prunus Mume Fruit Concentrate on Colorectal Cancer Proliferation and Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Dong , Kim Jeong‐Ho , Won Yeong‐Seon , Moon Kwang‐Deok , Seo Kwon‐Il 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPectinase is a well‐known enzyme used in the food processing industry to produce fruit juice and concentrate. This study evaluated the anticancer and antiangiogenesis activities of pectinase‐treated Prunus mume fruit concentrate (PC) and its phenolic components. PC treatment (250 to 1,000 µg/mL) resulted in decreased proliferation of SW480 human colorectal cancer cells through S‐phase cell cycle arrest; however, equivalent concentrations of PC did not show toxicity toward CRL‐1539 colon normal cells. Furthermore, PC‐induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis in SW480 cells, which was characterized by accumulation of apoptotic cell population, cell shrinkage, formation of apoptotic bodies, upregulation of proapoptotic Bax, cleaved PARP, caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2. Antiangiogenesis effects of PC were assessed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that PC did not inhibit HUVECs proliferation at concentrations of 500 to 1,500 µg/mL. In addition, treatment with PC at nontoxic concentrations (500 to 1,000 µg/mL) blocked vascular endothelial growth factor induced cell migration, invasion, capillary‐like tube formation, and angiogenesis from rat aortic rings. HPLC‐PDA analysis showed that there were at least four different phenolics including 5‐HMF, neochlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and syringic acid. Taken together, these results indicated that PC could be used as a good source of phenolic compounds with selective anticancer and antiangiogenesis activities.Practical ApplicationPectinases are one of the well‐known enzyme used in the part of food processing. Treatment of pectinase is a useful strategy to reduce viscosity, turbidity, and pulp particles in the production of fruit juice, extract, and concentrate. In the present study, we found that pectinase‐treated P. mume fruit concentrate significantly suppresses colorectal cancer proliferation and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The significance of our findings is that pectinase‐treated P. mume concentrate may be used as a commercial functional food material to inhibit colorectal cancer and angiogenesis.
MGDrivE: A modular simulation framework for the spread of gene drives through spatially explicit mosquito populations
Authors: Sánchez C. Héctor M. , Wu Sean L. , Bennett Jared B. , Marshall John M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Malaria, dengue, Zika and other mosquito‐borne diseases continue to pose a major global health burden through much of the world, despite the widespread distribution of insecticide‐based tools and antimalarial drugs. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9‐based gene editing and its demonstrated ability to streamline the development of gene drive systems has reignited interest in the application of this technology to the control of mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. The versatility of this technology has enabled a wide range of gene drive architectures to be realized, creating a need for their population‐level and spatial dynamics to be explored.

We present MGDrivE (Mosquito Gene Drive Explorer): a simulation framework designed to investigate the population dynamics of a variety of gene drive architectures and their spread through spatially explicit mosquito populations. A key strength of the MGDrivE framework is its modularity: (a) a genetic inheritance module accommodates the dynamics of gene drive systems displaying user‐defined inheritance patterns, (b) a population dynamic module accommodates the life history of a variety of mosquito disease vectors and insect agricultural pests, and (c) a landscape module generates the metapopulation model by which insect populations are connected via migration over space.

Example MGDrivE simulations are presented to demonstrate the application of the framework to CRISPR/Cas9‐based homing gene drive for: (a) driving a disease‐refractory gene into a population (i.e. population replacement), and (b) disrupting a gene required for female fertility (i.e. population suppression), incorporating homing‐resistant alleles in both cases. Further documentation and use examples are provided at the project's Github repository.

MGDrivE is an open‐source r package freely available on CRAN. We intend the package to provide a flexible tool capable of modelling novel inheritance‐modifying constructs as they are proposed and become available. The field of gene drive is moving very quickly, and we welcome suggestions for future development.
Cone‐beam computed tomography accuracy in pulp chamber size evaluation: An ex vivo study
Authors: Maddalone Marcello , Citterio Claudio , Pellegatta Alberto , Gagliani Massimo , Karanxha Lorena , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to assess ex vivo the accuracy of cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), as compared to operative microscope, for evaluating pulp chamber size. A total of forty teeth were extracted for periodontal reasons and a horizontal section was done at the most apical level of the cement–enamel junction. The pulp chamber was photographed using a digital camera connected to an optical microscope. Then, the tooth was scanned with CBCT and the horizontal slide matching the anatomical section of pulp chamber was digitally stored. The pulp chamber section area was measured through image analysis software. The two methods provided similar results, either for monoradicular (P = 0.14) or multiradicular teeth (P = 0.93). Correlation was statistically significant (P < 0.0001), being the coefficient r = 0.89 and 0.94 for monoradicular and multiradicular teeth, respectively. Conclusively, CBCT is suitable for pulp chamber morphology evaluation. However, it has limitations in detecting the anatomical variability of small branches in root canal system.