bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problematika Merehabilitasi Kedudukan Orang yang Tersangkut Pidana pada Keadaan Semula
Authors: Situmorang Mosgan 
Published: December 2019

Rehabilitasi dalam konteks hukum pidana adalah kata yang cukup populer. Kata ini digunakan utamanya dalam hal pemulihan kedudukan atau jabatan seseorang yang kehilangan kedudukan atau jabatannya karena tersangkut masalah pidana, tetapi sering juga digunakan dalam konteks pidana narkotika khususnya rehabilitasi untuk pecandu. Dalam konteks hak seseorang untuk mendapatkan kembali kedudukannya, rehabilitasi berarti pemulihan orang tersebut untuk dapat kembali menduduki jabatan semula atau dalam keadaan semula. Kedudukan dalam hal ini mempunyai arti yang luas dapat berupa jabatan, ataupun posisi berupa pekerjaan status mahasiswa, pelajar dan lain lain. Rehabilitasi diatur dalam banyak perundang-undangan, mulai dari Udang-Undang Dasar RI 1945 dan beberapa undang Undang organik, seperti Undang-Undang Kehakiman, KUHAP, Undang-Undang ASN, PP Nomor 27 tahun 1983 dan peraturan lainnya. Rehabilitasi diberikan kepada seseorang pada tingkat penyidikan, penuntutan atau pengadilan karena ditangkap, ditahan, dituntut ataupun diadili tanpa alasan yang berdasarkan undang-undang atau karena kekeliruan mengenai orangnya atau hukum yang diterapkan. Putusan berupa rehabilitasi dari hakim harus ditindak lanjuti lebih lanjut oleh pihak lain agar rehabilitasi itu dapat berjalan efektif. Dalam praktek pelaksanan rehabilitasi ini sering terkendala, karena posisi atau jabatan seseorang sudah terlanjur diisi oleh orang lain selama proses hukum belangsung atau secara nyata kedaan semula tidak dapat lagi dipulihkan seperti kedaan semula. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut di atas maka dipandang perlu untuk melakukan suatu penelitian. Adapun rumusan dalam penelitian ini adalah “mengapa rehabilitasi kepada kedudukan atau jabatan semula sulit dilaksanakan.” Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kendala dalam pelaksaan rehabilitasi. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dalam rangka mengambil kebijakan maupun dalam rangka penyempurnaan regulasi terkait rehabilitasi. Metode yang digunakan adala normatif yuridis. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulan bahwa terdapat beberapa kendala baik yang bersifat regulasi maupun teknis dalam pelaksanan rehabilitasi. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah agar dibuat regulasi berupa petujuk teknis pelaksanaa rehabilitasi tersebut agar semua pihak terkait dapat melaksanakannya sesuai dengan peran masing masing.
Migración y tortura en la Argentina contemporánea
Authors: Carpinetti Juliana 
Published: December 2019

The article aims to reflect about the linkage between migration and torture in recent Argentinian history. It assumes as work’s hypothesis that this link is inseparable from the characteristics that racism acquires as a system within the framework of the configuration of the neoliberal economy and from the political history of Argentina. The analysis is organized around three historical periods: the first begins with the 1976 coup, the second with the December 2001 crisis and the third with the 2015 presidential elections.
THE PREDICTIVE EFFECTS OF PROTECTION MOTIVATION THEORY ON ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS URBAN AIR QUALITY
Authors: Sahrir Syazwani 
Published: December 2019

In urban areas, the rigid division of residential, commercial, employment and recreational areas forms a reliance on road transport, which leads to high levels of emission that gradually affects the quality of the urban environment. We establish the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) as a framework for explaining adaptive behavioural responses among urban communities in Malaysia. Participants (N = 450) answered to face-to-face questionnaire survey, and the results specify establishment for the proposed model, with perceived vulnerability (H1) (ß = 0.246, t = 4.534, P=0.000) and and self-efficacy (H3) (ß = 0.510, t = 9.653, P=0.000) positively predicting adaptive behaviour on urban air pollution. The results presented that these structures were able to predict 47% of the variance of adaptive behaviour. The study establishes a significant contribution to the literature by contributing an indication of PMT as an ideal framework for adaptive behavioural responses on urban air pollution.
Down Sendromlu Gençlerin Fiziksel Uygunluk Düzeylerinin Normal Gelişim Gösteren Akranları İle Karşılaştırılarak İncelenmesi
Authors: SANSİ Ahmet , ÖZER Dilara 
Published: December 2019

Bu araştırmada, Down Sendromlu
(DS) ve normal gelişim gösteren (NGG) gençlerin fiziksel uygunluk düzeyleri
açısından karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 16 DS’li (yaş=15,312±1,537), 16 NGG (yaş=14,562±1,152)
olmak üzere toplam 32 genç katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak
Brockport Fiziksel Uygunluk Testi kullanılmıştır. Bu test kapsamında Beden Kütle
İndeksi (BKİ), el kavrama kuvveti, mekik testi, omuz germe ve gövde kaldırma
parametreleri ölçülmüştür. Araştırmada, SPS 21.0 programı ile iki grubun
fiziksel uygunluk değerleri arasındaki farklılığı incelemek için Mann-Whitney U
Testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmaya
katılan DS’li ve NGG gençler karşılaştırıldıklarında; BKİ, el kavrama kuvveti,
omuz germe ve mekik testi parametrelerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde
farklılık bulunmuştur (p&lt;.05). DS’li gençlerin akranları ile
karşılaştırıldığında yüksek BKİ değerlerine ve düşük fiziksel uygunluk seviyelerine
sahip oldukları bulunmuştur. DS’li gençler için beden ağırlığı kontrolünün
sağlanması ve fiziksel uygunluk düzeylerini artırmaya yönelik düzenli fiziksel
aktivite programlarının uygulanması önerilmektedir.
Reliable navigation registration in cranial and spine surgery based on intraoperative computed tomography
Authors: Carl Barbara , Bopp Miriam , Saß Benjamin , Pojskic Mirza , Gjorgjevski Marko , Voellger Benjamin , Nimsky Christopher 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVELow registration errors are an important prerequisite for reliable navigation, independent of its use in cranial or spinal surgery. Regardless of whether navigation is used for trajectory alignment in biopsy or implant procedures, or for sophisticated augmented reality applications, all depend on a correct registration of patient space and image space. In contrast to fiducial, landmark, or surface matching–based registration, the application of intraoperative imaging allows user-independent automatic patient registration, which is less error prone. The authors’ aim in this paper was to give an overview of their experience using intraoperative CT (iCT) scanning for automatic registration with a focus on registration accuracy and radiation exposure.METHODSA total of 645 patients underwent iCT scanning with a 32-slice movable CT scanner in combination with navigation for trajectory alignment in biopsy and implantation procedures (n = 222) and for augmented reality (n = 437) in cranial and spine procedures (347 craniotomies and 42 transsphenoidal, 56 frameless stereotactic, 59 frame-based stereotactic, and 141 spinal procedures). The target registration error was measured using skin fiducials that were not part of the registration procedure. The effective dose was calculated by multiplying the dose length product with conversion factors.RESULTSAmong all 1281 iCT scans obtained, 1172 were used for automatic patient registration (645 initial registration scans and 527 repeat iCT scans). The overall mean target registration error was 0.86 ± 0.38 mm (± SD) (craniotomy, 0.88 ± 0.39 mm; transsphenoidal, 0.92 ± 0.39 mm; frameless, 0.74 ± 0.39 mm; frame-based, 0.84 ± 0.34 mm; and spinal, 0.80 ± 0.28 mm). Compared with standard diagnostic scans, a distinct reduction of the effective dose could be achieved using low-dose protocols for the initial registration scan with mean effective doses of 0.06 ± 0.04 mSv for cranial, 0.50 ± 0.09 mSv for cervical, 4.12 ± 2.13 mSv for thoracic, and 3.37 ± 0.93 mSv for lumbar scans without impeding registration accuracy.CONCLUSIONSReliable automatic patient registration can be achieved using iCT scanning. Low-dose protocols ensured a low radiation exposure for the patient. Low-dose scanning had no negative effect on navigation accuracy.
Focal irregularities in 7-Tesla MRI of unruptured intracranial aneurysms as an indicator for areas of altered blood-flow parameters
Authors: Millesi Matthias , Knosp Engelbert , Mach Georg , Hainfellner Johannes A. , Ricken Gerda , Trattnig Siegfried , Gruber Andreas 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVEIn the last several decades, various factors have been studied for a better evaluation of the risk of rupture in incidentally discovered intracranial aneurysms (IAs). With advanced MRI, attempts were made to delineate the wall of IAs to identify weak areas prone to rupture. However, the field strength of the MRI investigations was insufficient for reasonable image resolution in many of these studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze findings of IAs in ultra–high field MRI at 7 Tesla (7 T).METHODSPatients with incidentally found IAs of at least 5 mm in diameter were included in this study and underwent MRI investigations at 7 T. At this field strength a hyperintense intravascular signal can be observed on nonenhanced images with a brighter “rim effect” along the vessel wall. Properties of this rim effect were evaluated and compared with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses.RESULTSOverall, 23 aneurysms showed sufficient image quality for further evaluation. In 22 aneurysms focal irregularities were identified within this rim effect. Areas of such irregularities showed significantly higher values in wall shear stress and vorticity compared to areas with a clearly visible rim effect (p = 0.043 in both).CONCLUSIONSA hyperintense rim effect along the vessel wall was observed in most cases. Focal irregularities within this rim effect showed higher values of the mean wall shear stress and vorticity when compared by CFD analyses. Therefore, these findings indicate alterations in blood flow in IAs within these areas.
The T2-FLAIR–mismatch sign as an imaging biomarker for IDH and 1p/19q status in diffuse low-grade gliomas: a systematic review with a Bayesian approach to evaluation of diagnostic test performance
Authors: Goyal Anshit , Yolcu Yagiz U. , Goyal Aakshit , Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Brown Desmond A. , Graffeo Christopher S. , Goncalves Sandy , Burns Terence C. , Parney Ian F. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVEWith the revised WHO 2016 classification of brain tumors, there has been increasing interest in imaging biomarkers to predict molecular status and improve the yield of genetic testing for diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The T2-FLAIR–mismatch sign has been suggested to be a highly specific radiographic marker of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status in diffuse LGGs. The presence of T2-FLAIR mismatch indicates a T2-hyperintense lesion that is hypointense on FLAIR with the exception of a hyperintense rim.METHODSIn accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review of the Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for reports of studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of T2-FLAIR mismatch in predicting the IDH and 1p/19q codeletion status in diffuse LGGs. Results were combined into a 2 × 2 format, and the following diagnostic performance parameters were calculated: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive (LR+) and negative (LR−) likelihood ratios. In addition, we utilized Bayes theorem to calculate posttest probabilities as a function of known pretest probabilities from previous genome-wide association studies and the calculated LRs. Calculations were performed for 1) IDH mutation with 1p/19q codeletion (IDHmut-Codel), 2) IDH mutation without 1p/19q codeletion (IDHmut-Noncodel), 3) IDH mutation overall, and 4) 1p/19q codeletion overall. The QUADAS-2 (revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) tool was utilized for critical appraisal of included studies.RESULTSA total of 4 studies were included, with inclusion of 2 separate cohorts from a study reporting testing and validation (n = 746). From pooled analysis of all cohorts, the following values were obtained for each molecular profile—IDHmut-Codel: sensitivity 30%, specificity 73%, LR+ 1.1, LR− 1.0; IDHmut-Noncodel: sensitivity 33.7%, specificity 98.5%, LR+ 22.5, LR− 0.7; IDH: sensitivity 32%, specificity 100%, LR+ 32.1, LR− 0.7; 1p/19q codeletion: sensitivity 0%, specificity 54%, LR+ 0.01, LR− 1.9. Bayes theorem was used to calculate the following posttest probabilities after a positive and negative result, respectively—IDHmut-Codel: 32.2% and 29.4%; IDHmut-Noncodel: 95% and 40%; IDH: 99.2% and 73.5%; 1p/19q codeletion: 0.4% and 35.1%.CONCLUSIONSThe T2-FLAIR–mismatch sign was an insensitive but highly specific marker of IDH mutation and IDHmut-Noncodel profile, although significant exceptions may exist to this finding. Tumors with a positive sign may still be IDHwt or 1p/19q codeleted. These findings support the utility of T2-FLAIR mismatch as an imaging-based biomarker for positive selection of patients with IDH-mutant gliomas.
Kajian Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Limbah Faba (Fly Ash Dan Bottom Ash) Pada Konstruksi Lapisan Base Perkerasan Jalan
Authors: Indriyati Tengku Syahilla , Malik Alfian , Alwinda Yosi 
Published: December 2019

Batu bara adalah bahan bakar fosil dan di Indonesia tersedia cadangannya dalam jumlah yang banyak. Pembakaran dari batu bara menghasilkan fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA). Limbah FABA yang dibiarkan menumpuk dalam waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan seperti pencemaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat memanfaatkan FABA untuk perkerasan jalan yaitu lapisan pondasi atas (base) agar dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dan mencari proporsi yang tepat agar pemanfaatan bisa dilakukan dengan optimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengujian CBR laboratorium dengan rendaman yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh FABA terhadap campuran lapisan base ini untuk mendapatkan nilai CBR atau kekuatan daya dukung yang sesuai dengan standar bina marga 2018. Campuran lapisan base dibuat dalam lima variasi. Variasi I dan III FABA digunakan sebagai bahan pengganti sedangkan pada variasi II,IV dan V FABA digunakan sebagai bahan tambah. Variasi I dan II dengan komposisi FABA 55%FA dan 45%BA menghasilkan nilai CBR 114% dan 162%. Pada variasi tiga dan empat dengan perlakuan yang berbeda dengan cara diperamyang menghasilkan nilai CBR yaitu variasi 117% dan 252%. Sedangkan pada variasi V komposisi FABA 75%FA 25%BA nilai CBR yang didapat 100%, sehingga semua nilai CBR rendaman masuk kedalam standar dan FABA layak digunakan kedalam campuran lapisan perkerasan jalan.
Monocyte to HDL ratio as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: KAN Seyfullah , KARAİBRAHİMOĞLU Adnan 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAim: Incidence of cardiovascular
diseases is gradually increasing in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
MHR (Monocyte/HDL ratio), is a novel marker related with cardiovascular and
cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the
relationship between a subclinical atherosclerosis marker, carotid intima media
thickness (CIMT), and MHR in diabetic retinopathy patients without an apparent
cardiovascular disease.

Material
and Method: 106 diabetic patients without an apparent
cardiovascular disease and 35 healthy controls matched for age, gender and body
mass index (BMI) were included in this study.
The patients were separeted into four groups which were proliferative
diabetic retinopahy (PDR , n=30), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR,
n=35), diabetic patients without retinopathy (n=41) and control group (n=35).
Anthropometric, biochemical parameteres and CIMT were measured. Correlation and
regression analysis were done to assess the relation between MHR and CIMT.

Results:
MHR was
significantly different between
groups and significantly higher in PDR group (p &lt; .001). CIMT, a marker for atherosclerosis, significantly
differed between groups (p &lt;
.001). CIMT levels were significantly higher in PDR while similar values were
found in other than groups. In PDR group, a significant correlation was found
between MHR and CIMT ( r=0.96; p &lt; .001). According to binary logistic regression analysis,
MHR had a significant effect on CIMT [ β=0.206, (%95 CI : 1.004-1.505), P=0.046
].

Conclusion: This study showed that in patients with diabetic retinopathy, high
levels of MHR which is a non-invasive, simple and inexpensive marker, might be
useful for determination of subclinical cardiovascular risk. This study which
is the first in literature that investigated the relation between MHR and CIMT
in diabetic retinopathy might have a benefit on early detection of cardiac risk
in diabetic patients without an apparent cardiovascular disease.
Bladder Cancer Multidisciplinary Clinic (BCMC) Model Influences Disease Assessment and Impacts Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Diamantopoulos Leonidas N. , Winters Brian R. , Grivas Petros , Ngo Steven D. , Zeng Jing , Hsieh Andrew C. , Gore John L. , Liao Jay J. , Yu Evan Y. , Schade George R. , Psutka Sarah P. , Schweizer Michael T. , Lee Jean H. , Dighe Manjiri , Lin Daniel W. , Cheng Heather H. , Daya Joanna , Tretiakova Maria S. , True Lawrence D. , Russell Kenneth J. , Vakar-Lopez Funda , Montgomery Robert B. , Wright Jonathan L. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Despite established guidelines for bladder cancer (BC) management, significant treatment variability remains across the United States. OBJECTIVE: To report the impact of a tertiary center, bladder cancer multidisciplinary clinic (BCMC) on diagnostic evaluation and treatment recommendations in externally referred patients with BC. METHODS: Our BCMC clinic format includes simultaneous consultation with urologic, medical and radiation oncology, with real-time expert genitourinary pathology and radiology review. We retrospectively assessed all external referrals for concordance between outside radiology/pathology records and BCMC interpretation after central review and explored potential differences between outside treatment plan and BCMC recommendations. RESULTS: 233 patients with BC were referred to BCMC between the years 2014–2017. Complete radiographic and pathology data were available for 201 patients. Median age was 69 (Interquartile Range: 60–75) and 83% were performance status ECOG 0-1. After BCMC review of outside records, imaging interpretation was changed in 53 (26%) patients; pathology was changed in 59 (29%). Further diagnostic work-up was recommended in 85 (42%) patients. Overall, 56 (28%) patients had a change in their clinical staging. BCMC recommended treatment modification in 117 (58%) patients. Subsequent treatment plan was concordant with BCMC recommendations 91.5% of the time. CONCLUSIONS: BCMC resulted in critical radiology and/or pathology diagnostic changes in several cases, with frequent treatment modifications, underscoring the importance of multidisciplinary care in BC and the considerable contribution of real-time expert pathology and radiology review in diagnostic accuracy. Further studies are needed to confirm the proposed benefits and impact of BCMC on treatment response and patient outcomes.
Experience and Impact of OFF Periods in Parkinson’s Disease: A Survey of Physicians, Patients, and Carepartners
Authors: Rastgardani Tara , Armstrong Melissa J. , Gagliardi Anna R. , Grabovsky Arthur , Marras Connie 
Published: December 2019

Background: OFF periods impair quality of life in Parkinson’s disease but the nature and degree of this impact is largely unquantified. Optimal treatment relies on assessing the experience and impact of these periods on patients and their carepartners. Objectives: To understand the experience and impact of OFF periods on their lives. Methods: Informed by qualitative interviews we designed questionnaires and surveyed neurologists, people with Parkinson’s disease and carepartners. Results: 50 general neurologists, 50 movement disorder neurologists, 442 patients (median disease duration 5 years) and 97 carepartners were included. The most common OFF symptoms reported by patients and carepartners were stiffness, slowness of movement and changes in gait. Non-motor symptoms were less common. A higher proportion of carepartners reported each symptom. A minority of neurologists recognized pain, sweating and anxiety as possible symptoms of OFF periods. The three OFF symptoms most frequently designated as having great impact by people with Parkinson’s disease were changes in gait, slowness and stiffness. In contrast, cognitive impairment was most frequently rated as having great impact on carepartners. OFF periods were reported to impact many aspects of the lives of both patients and carepartners. Conclusions: In people with Parkinson’s disease of under 10 years duration, motor symptoms of OFF periods predominate in impact, however cognitive impairment has great impact on carepartners. Education is needed for neurologists regarding the non-motor aspects of OFF. The importance of involving carepartners in the assessment regarding OFF periods is supported by the higher frequency of symptom reporting by carepartners, and the significant impact on their lives.
The Relations between Student Cynicism and Students’ Life Satisfaction
Authors: KASALAK Gamze 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between student cynicism and students’ life satisfaction. This study is in correlational survey model. The sample of the study consists of 554 Turkish high school students, who were selected by simple random sampling method. Findings show that female students have more cynical attitudes towards their schools than male students. And, female students are less satisfied with their school and living environment but more satisfied with their friends than male students. Students who think about studying at another school have higher levels of student cynicism but lower levels of school satisfaction and living environment satisfaction than those who do not think so. The findings reveal the negative relationships between student cynicism and students’ life satisfaction. The strongest relationship has been determined to be between institutional cynicism and reduced sense of school satisfaction. Path analysis indicates that four subscales of student cynicism affect students’ life satisfaction. It is possible to examine the premises that lead to the perception of student cynicism and their impacts. For future research, it is recommended to examine the ways to alleviate the negative effects of student cynicism and improve the outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler
Cynicism, Student cynicism, Life satisfaction, Students' Life satisfaction
QUANTUM CODES FROM CODES OVER THE RING $\mathbb{F}_{2^m}+\alpha \mathbb{F}_{2^m}+\beta \mathbb{F}_{2^m}+ \gamma \mathbb{F}_{2^m}$
Authors: GÜZELTEPE Murat , ERÖZ Mustafa 
Published: December 2019

Let $i,j,k$ be elements of real quaternions $\mathbb{H}$. Let $\alpha , \beta , \gamma$ be the elements corresponding to $1+i, 1+j, 1+k,$ respectively. In this study, quantum codes from classical codes over $\mathbb{F}_{2^m}+\alpha \mathbb{F}_{2^m}+\beta \mathbb{F}_{2^m}+ \gamma \mathbb{F}_{2^m}$ are obtained.