bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring C60 for Efficient Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Liu Chong , Yang Yuzhao , Zhang Cuiling , Wu Shaohang , Wei Liyu , Guo Fei , Arumugam Gowri Manohari , Hu Jinlong , Liu Xingyuan , Lin Jie , Schropp Ruud E. I. , Mai Yaohua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising in thermal stability, their large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit and difficulty in large‐area preparation still limit their development toward commercialization. The present work tailors C60 via a codoping strategy to construct an efficient electron‐transporting layer (ETL), leading to a significant improvement in VOC of the inverted inorganic CsPbI2Br PSC. Specifically, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) is introduced as a dopant to lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the C60 layer by forming a Lewis acidic adduct. The enlarged free energy difference provides a favorable enhancement in electron injection and thereby reduces charge recombination. Subsequently, a nonhygroscopic lithium salt (LiClO4) is added to increase electron mobility and conductivity of the film, leading to a reduction in the device hysteresis and facilitating the fabrication of a large‐area device. Finally, the as‐optimized inorganic CsPbI2Br PSCs gain a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.19%, with a stabilized power output (SPO) of 14.21% (0.09 cm2). More importantly, this work also demonstrates a record PCE of 14.44% for large‐area inorganic CsPbI2Br PSCs (1.0 cm2) and reports the first inorganic perovskite solar module with the excellent efficiency exceeding 12% (10.92 cm2) by a self‐developed quasi‐curved heating method.
One‐Step‐Printed, Highly Sensitive, Textile‐Based, Tunable Performance Strain Sensors for Human Motion Detection
Authors: Luo Chengsheng , Tian Bin , Liu Qun , Feng Yu , Wu Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWearable strain sensors have attracted a lot of interests due to their unlimited prospects in applications such as human motion detections, electronic skin, and human–computer interactions. However, the complex manufacturing methods are generally used to fabricate the strain sensors with wide sensing ranges and high sensitivity. Herein, a high‐performance textile‐based strain sensor (TSS) is fabricated by one‐step screen‐printing method via transferring the silver nanowires ink onto a stretchable textile. Through designing the screen plate with various patterns, the optimized TSSs with different sensing ranges and sensitivity can be achieved simultaneously. Among them, a straight line‐structural TSS (with a width of 2 mm) exhibits a wide workable strain range of 120%, high gauge factor of 216, and superior durability (more than 2000 stretching/releasing cycles). As flexible wearable devices, these TSSs are used to monitor human joint motion, prefiguring the various applications in human health detection, soft robots, intelligent devices, etc.
A Tunable Metasurface with Switchable Functionalities: From Perfect Transparency to Perfect Absorption
Authors: Li Yue , Lin Jing , Guo Huijie , Sun Wujiong , Xiao Shiyi , Zhou Lei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA thin screen exhibiting dynamically switchable transmission/absorption functionalities is highly desired in practice. However, a trilayer transmissive metasurface with active elements controlled in a uniform manner cannot exhibit independently controlled transmission and absorption properties due to intriguing interplays between the scattering and absorbing properties in systems exhibiting inversion symmetries. This motivates to employ the coupled‐mode theory to establish a generic phase diagram for such transmissive metasurfaces with active elements loaded in different layers tuned independently and to guide researchers design tunable metadevices with completely decoupled transmission/absorption responses. Based on such a phase diagram, a microwave metasurface is designed/fabricated with PIN diodes incorporated, and it is experimentally demonstrated that its functionality can switch from perfect transparency to perfect absorption, controlled by external voltages applied across the diodes. In addition to finding immediate applications in practice (e.g., smart radomes), the results of this study also provide a new type of tunable meta‐atom for building metasurfaces with flexible wave‐front control abilities.
Low‐Loss Hybrid High‐Index Dielectric Particles on a Mirror for Extreme Light Confinement
Authors: Maimaiti Aili , Patra Partha Pratim , Jones Steven , Antosiewicz Tomasz J. , Verre Ruggero 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe quest for enhancing light–matter interactions at the nanoscale has led scientists to nanophotonic systems that support the smallest possible modes, which are currently realized via particle‐on‐mirror (PoM) geometries using plasmonic particles. The drawback of metallic PoM systems is the large absorption/scattering ratio due to the significant Ohmic losses inherent to plasmonics. Here, an alternative dielectric PoM composed of a high‐index dielectric nanodisk on top of a metallic mirror is realized. Custom‐shaped high‐quality dielectric colloidal nanoparticles are fabricated and dispersed on a mirror to fully unlock the potential of PoM systems. This hybrid device combines the large field enhancement and extreme localization of plasmonic systems with the low absorption of dielectric nanoresonators. By means of far‐field scattering and near‐field cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, the nature of the modes supported by the hybrid PoM are revealed. Utilizing enhanced spectroscopies, such as Raman and fluorescence, these hybrid‐PoM systems are used in proof‐of‐principle applications. A comparison with Au antennas indicates that the hybrid PoM system presents efficiencies and optical characteristics comparable or superior to those of more conventional purely plasmonic systems, opening new avenues for low‐loss light control at the deep nanoscale level.
All‐Rounder Low‐Cost Dopant‐Free D‐A‐D Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Indoor and Outdoor Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Pham Hong Duc , Jain Sagar M. , Li Meng , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Manzhos Sergei , Feron Krishna , Pitchaimuthu Sudhagar , Liu Zhiyong , Motta Nunzio , Durrant James R. , Sonar Prashant 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA novel biphenyl fumaronitrile as an acceptor and triphenylamine as donor conjugated building blocks are used for the first time to successfully synthesize donor–acceptor–donor molecule (D‐A‐D) 2,3‐bis(4′‐(bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)fumaronitrile (TPA‐BPFN‐TPA). The new TPA‐BPFN‐TPA with low‐lying HOMO is used as a dopant‐free hole‐transporting material (HTM) in mesoporous perovskite solar cells. The performance of the solar cells using this new HTM is compared with the traditional 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N′‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamino)‐ 9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) HTM based devices for outdoor and indoor performance evaluation. Under 1 sun illumination, dopant‐free TPA‐BPFN‐TPA HTM based devices exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4%, which is the record efficiency to date among D‐A‐D molecular design based dopant‐free HTMs. Moreover, the stability of unencapsulated TPA‐BPFN‐TPA‐based devices shows improvement over Spiro‐OMeTAD‐based devices in harsh relative humidity condition of 70%. Another exciting feature of the newly developed HTM is that the TPA‐BPFN‐TPA‐based devices exhibit improved PCE of 30% and 20.1% at 1000 lux and 200 lux illuminations, respectively. This new finding provides a solution to fabricate low indoor (low light) and outdoor (1 sun) perovskite solar cell devices with high efficiency for cutting‐edge energy harvesting technology.
Designing High‐Performance Storage in HfO2/BiFeO3 Memristor for Artificial Synapse Applications
Authors: Liu Lei , Xiong Wen , Liu Yanxin , Chen Kaige , Xu Zhong , Zhou Yi , Han Jia , Ye Cong , Chen Xin , Song Zhitang , Zhu Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHfO2‐based memristors that remembers the history of the current that has passed through them have attracted great interest for use as artificial synapses in neuromorphic systems. However, the low resistance contrast exhibited by HfO2‐based memristors seriously decreases their recognition accuracy. By inserting a 2 nm BiFeO3 layer a large memory window of 104 and remarkable pulse endurance of 108 cycles are achieved. Multilevel storage capability is also demonstrated by controlling the stop voltages in the RESET process. The conductance–modulation characteristics of a BiFeO3/HfO2 memristor can be used to mimic the learning behaviors of biological synapses, and spiking timing dependent plasticity is mimicked, which is viewed as an important learning rule of biological synapses. Moreover pattern learning and memorization ability like the human brain are achieved by a 3 × 3 memristive device array.
Solution‐Processed, Photo‐Patternable Fluorinated Sol–Gel Hybrid Materials as a Bio‐Fluidic Barrier for Flexible Electronic Systems
Authors: Lee Injun , Kim Yong Ho , Jang Jinhyeong , Lee Kwang‐Heum , Jang Junho , Lim Young‐Woo , Park Sang‐Hee Ko , Park Chan Beum , Lee Wonryung , Bae Byeong‐Soo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReports have recently been published on ultrathin biofluid barriers, which enable the long‐term measurement of biological signals and exhibit conformability on nonlinear surfaces such as skin and organs. However, inorganic‐ and organic‐based barriers have process incompatibility and high water permeability, respectively. Siloxane‐ (inorganic) based fluorinated epoxy (organic) hybrid materials (FEH) are demonstrated for bio‐fluidic barrier and the biocompatibility and barrier performance for flexible electronic systems as solution‐processed oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on 1.2 µm thick polyimide (PI) thin film substrate is confirmed. FEH thin film can be patterned as small as 10 µm through conventional photolithography. The fabricated solution‐processed indium oxide TFTs with FEH barriers exhibit durable performance over 16 h with no dramatic change of transfer characteristics in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) environment. Furthermore, to realize FEH barriers for flexible systems, the solution‐processed indium oxide TFTs with FEH barriers on ultrathin PI substrate are demonstrated subjected to compression test and successfully measure the electrical properties with no irreversible degradation during 1000 cycles of mechanical testing in PBS.
Large‐Area Fabrication of High‐Performance Flexible and Wearable Pressure Sensors
Authors: Wu Xiaodong , Khan Yasser , Ting Jonathan , Zhu Juan , Ono Seiya , Zhang Xinxing , Du Shixuan , Evans James W. , Lu Canhui , Arias Ana C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFlexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity, broad working range, and good scalability are highly desired for the next generation of wearable electronic devices. However, manufacturing of such pressure sensors still remains challenging. A large‐area compliant and cost‐effective process to fabricate high‐performance pressure sensors via a combination of mesh‐molded periodic microstructures and printed side‐by‐side electrodes is presented. The sensors exhibit low operating voltage (1 V), high sensitivity (20.9 kPa−1), low detection limit (7.4 Pa), fast response/recovery time (23/18 ms), and excellent reliability (over 10 000 cycles). More importantly, they exhibit ultra‐broad working range (7.4–1 000 000 Pa), high tunability, large‐scale production feasibility, and significant advantage in format miniaturization and creating sensor arrays with self‐defined patterns. The versatility of these devices is demonstrated in various human activity monitoring and spatial pressure mapping as electronic skins. Furthermore, utilizing printing methods, a flexible smart insole with a high level of integration for both foot pressure and temperature mapping is demonstrated. The scalable and cost‐effective manufacturing along with the good comprehensive performance of the pressure sensors makes them very attractive for future development of wearable smart devices and human–machine interfaces.
Long‐Lifetime Triboelectric Nanogenerator Operated in Conjunction Modes and Low Crest Factor
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Yin Xing , Zhao Zhihao , Zhou Linglin , Liu Di , Zhang Chunlei , Zhang Chuguo , Zhang Wei , Li Shaoxin , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe high‐output triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is indispensable for its practical applications toward industrial products. However, the electricity loss in simple parallel connection among all units and the typically high crest factor output seriously hamper the practical applications of TENG. Here, a rectified TENG is reported in parallel structure to solve the problem of electricity loss in simple parallel connection. The rotational contact–separation structure with phase difference between rectified TENGs addresses high crest factor output and extends service life of rotational TENG simultaneously. The current crest factor is dramatically decreased to 1.31 in multiple rectifier multiple TENG in parallel (MRM‐TENG), while that of TENG in simple parallel is higher than 6. Meanwhile, the current output can retain up to ≈93% of its initial performance after 7 200 000 rotations under 2.00 r s−1 of 1000 h. Furthermore, the equivalent current can be in linear growth with low crest factor by making MRM‐TENG in parallel for distributed energy supply without electricity loss. This work may provide a new strategy for TENG in parallel to achieve a low crest factor output and long‐term cycling stability power generation in distributed energy harvesting for large‐scale power application.
What is Killing Organic Photovoltaics: Light‐Induced Crosslinking as a General Degradation Pathway of Organic Conjugated Molecules
Authors: Yamilova Olga R. , Martynov Ilya V. , Brandvold Allison S. , Klimovich Irina V. , Balzer Alex H. , Akkuratov Alexander V. , Kusnetsov Ilya E. , Stingelin Natalie , Troshin Pavel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn view of a rapid development and increase in efficiency of organic solar cells, reaching their long‐term operational stability represents now one of the main challenges to be addressed on the way toward commercialization of this photovoltaic technology. However, intrinsic degradation pathways occurring in organic solar cells under realistic operational conditions remain poorly understood. The light‐induced dimerization of the fullerene‐based acceptor materials discovered recently is considered to be one of the main causes for burn‐in degradation of organic solar cells. In this work, it is shown that not only the fullerene derivatives but also different types of conjugated polymers and small molecules undergo similar light‐induced crosslinking regardless of their chemical composition and structure. In the case of conjugated polymers, crosslinking of macromolecules leads to a rapid increase in their molecular weight and consequent loss of solubility, which can be revealed in a straightforward way by gel permeation chromatography analysis via a reduction/loss of signal and/or smaller retention times. Results of this work, thus, shift the paradigm of research in the field toward designing a new generation of organic absorbers with enhanced intrinsic photochemical stability in order to reach practically useful operation lifetimes required for successful commercialization of organic photovoltaics.
Soil and crop response to phosphorus and potassium management under conservation tillage
Authors: Yuan Mingwei , Fernández Fabián G. , Pittelkow Cameron M. , Greer Kristin D. , Schaefer Daniel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn conservation tillage systems, proper fertilizer phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) management is critical to optimize yield and minimize negative environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to assess the responses of crop yield, nutrient use efficiencies, root growth, and soil test P and K levels to tillage, fertilizer placement, and fertilizer rates in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. Experiments were conducted for 8 yr in Illinois with tillage/fertilizer placement as the main plot (no‐till/broadcast [NTBC], strip‐till/broadcast [STBC], and strip‐till/deep band [STDB]) and PK fertilizer rates as the subplot. The NTBC treatment consistently reduced yields in corn by 6.2 and 4.5% and in soybean by 3.1 and 6.1% relative to STBC and STDB, respectively. Also, NTBC had greater root length density at in‐row and between‐row positions relative to STBC and STDB. Nutrient use efficiency indices (partial nutrient balance, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity) declined with increasing P and K rates but were not affected by tillage/fertilizer placement treatments. Deep banding significantly reduced soil P and K concentrations in surface layers while increasing them at the depth of application. These results underscore the reported potential for deep banding combined with strip‐till to improve conditions for nutrient uptake while reducing the risk for nutrient losses to the environment. Critical soil test P and K levels (21 mg P kg−1 and 217 mg K kg−1) were similar for P and greater for K than the current university recommendations, which highlights the need for continuous refinement of soil fertility recommendations to keep pace with changes in production technologies and yield levels.
Light‐Harvesting Nanoparticle Probes for FRET‐Based Detection of Oligonucleotides with Single‐Molecule Sensitivity
Authors: Melnychuk Nina , Egloff Sylvie , Runser Anne , Reisch Andreas , Klymchenko Andrey S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractControlling the emission of bright luminescent nanoparticles by a single molecular recognition event remains a challenge in the design of ultrasensitive probes for biomolecules. Herein, we developed 20‐nm light‐harvesting nanoantenna particles, built of a tailor‐made hydrophobic charged polymer poly(ethyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid), encapsulating circa 1000 strongly coupled and highly emissive rhodamine dyes with their bulky counterion. Being 87‐fold brighter than quantum dots QDots 605 in single‐particle microscopy (with 550‐nm excitation), these DNA‐functionalized nanoparticles exhibit over 50 % total FRET efficiency to a single hybridized FRET acceptor, a highly photostable dye (ATTO665), leading to circa 250‐fold signal amplification. The obtained FRET nanoprobes enable single‐molecule detection of short DNA and RNA sequences, encoding a cancer marker (survivin), and imaging single hybridization events by an epi‐fluorescence microscope with ultralow excitation irradiance close to that of ambient sunlight.
Tetradentate Gold(III) Complexes as Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) Emitters: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and High‐Performance OLEDs with Long Operational Lifetime
Authors: Zhou Dongling , To Wai‐Pong , Tong Glenna So Ming , Cheng Gang , Du Lili , Phillips David Lee , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStructurally robust tetradentate gold(III)‐emitters have potent material applications but are rare and unprecedented for those displaying thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Herein, a novel synthetic route leading to the preparation of highly emissive, charge‐neutral tetradentate [C^C^N^C] gold(III) complexes with 5‐5‐6‐membered chelate rings has been developed through microwave‐assisted C−H bond activation. These complexes show high thermal stability and with emission origin (3IL, 3ILCT, and TADF) tuned by varying the substituents of the C^C^N^C ligand. With phenoxazine/diphenylamine substituent, we prepared the first tetradentate gold(III) complexes that are TADF emitters with emission quantum yields of up to 94 % and emission lifetimes of down to 0.62 μs in deoxygenated toluene. These tetradentate AuIII TADF emitters showed good performance in vacuum‐deposited OLEDs with maximum EQEs of up to 25 % and LT95 of up to 5280 h at 100 cd m−2.
A Structurally Characterized Cobalt(I) σ‐Alkane Complex
Authors: Boyd Timothy M. , Tegner Bengt E. , Tizzard Graham J. , Martínez‐Martínez Antonio J. , Neale Samuel E. , Hayward Michael A. , Coles Simon J. , Macgregor Stuart A. , Weller Andrew S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA cobalt σ‐alkane complex, [Co(Cy2P(CH2)4PCy2)(norbornane)][BArF4], was synthesized by a single‐crystal to single‐crystal solid/gas hydrogenation from a norbornadiene precursor, and its structure was determined by X‐ray crystallography. Magnetic data show this complex to be a triplet. Periodic DFT and electronic structure analyses revealed weak C−H→Co σ‐interactions, augmented by dispersive stabilization between the alkane ligand and the anion microenvironment. The calculations are most consistent with a η1:η1‐alkane binding mode.
Diels–Alder Reactions During the Biosynthesis of Sorbicillinoids
Authors: Kahlert Lukas , Bassiony Eman F. , Cox Russell J. , Skellam Elizabeth J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe sorbicillinoids are a class of biologically active and structurally diverse fungal polyketides arising from sorbicillin. Through co‐expression of sorA, sorB, sorC, and sorD from Trichoderma reesei QM6a, the biosynthetic pathway to epoxysorbicillinol and dimeric sorbicillinoids, which resemble Diels–Alder‐like and Michael‐addition‐like products, was reconstituted in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1. Expression and feeding experiments demonstrated the crucial requirement of the flavin‐dependent monooxygenase SorD for the formation of dimeric sorbicillinoids, hybrid sorbicillinoids, and epoxysorbicillinol in vivo. In contrast to prior reports, SorD catalyses neither the oxidation of 2′,3′‐dihydrosorbicillin to sorbicillin nor the oxidation of sorbicillinol to oxosorbicillinol. This is the first report that both the intermolecular Diels–Alder and Michael dimerization reactions, as well as the epoxidation of sorbicillinol are catalysed in vivo by SorD.
Designing a 0D/2D S‐Scheme Heterojunction over Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bacteria
Authors: Xia Pengfei , Cao Shaowen , Zhu Bicheng , Liu Mingjin , Shi Miusi , Yu Jiaguo , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConstructing heterojunctions between two semiconductors with matched band structure is an effective strategy to acquire high‐efficiency photocatalysts. The S‐scheme heterojunction system has shown great potential in facilitating separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers, as well as acquiring strong photoredox ability. Herein, a 0D/2D S‐Scheme heterojunction material involving CeO2quantum dots and polymeric carbon nitride (CeO2/PCN) is designed and constructed by in situ wet chemistry with subsequent heat treatment. This S‐scheme heterojunction material shows high‐efficiency photocatalytic sterilization rate (88.1 %) towards Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) under visible‐light irradiation (λ≥420 nm), which is 2.7 and 8.2 times that of pure CeO2(32.2 %) and PCN (10.7 %), respectively. Strong evidence of S‐scheme charge transfer path is verified by theoretical calculations, in situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance.