bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the use of the internet on quality of life in older adults: review of literature
Authors: Aggarwal Bhumika , Xiong Qian , Schroeder-Butterfill Elisabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aim:
Given the paucity of data on the use of internet and quality of life (QoL), this literature review aimed to identify the motivations and barriers for internet use and the impact on QoL on older adults using the internet.

Background:
Even though older adults are increasingly using information technology, the numbers remain quite small globally. Currently published research primarily focuses on the various ways and methods of information technology use by older adults and the factors influencing use rather than on the impact of information technology on QoL of older adults.

Methods:
The studies included in this literature review were searched in three databases: WEB of Science, GoogleScholar and PubMed. English language articles were searched using the terms ‘older’, ‘elderly’, ‘senior’, ‘well-being’, ‘life satisfaction’, ‘quality of life’, ‘internet’ and “computer”.

Findings:
The review demonstrated the association of internet use on QoL in older adults. The majority of the studies substantiate the advantages of internet use by older adults including the ability to communicate with family and friends, maintain a wide social network, have access to information and participate in online leisure activities. There are some studies, though less in number, which did not find a relationship between well-being and use of internet by older adults. The policy implications of this review advocate a multidimensional strategy to support internet use by the older people incorporating internet training and education, financial issues, technical support and access needs to be developed.
Development and application of molecular diagnostics and proteomics to bovine respiratory disease (BRD)
Authors: Loy John Dustin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdvances in molecular and proteomic technologies and methods have enabled new diagnostic tools for bovine respiratory pathogens that are high-throughput, rapid, and extremely sensitive. Classically, diagnostic testing for these pathogens required culture-based approaches that required days to weeks and highly trained technical staff to conduct. However, new advances such as multiplex hydrolysis probe-based real-time PCR technology have enabled enhanced and rapid detection of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens in a variety of clinical specimens. These tools provide many advantages and have shown superiority over culture for co-infections/co-detections where multiple pathogens are present. Additionally, the integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) into veterinary diagnostic labs has revolutionized the ability to rapidly identify bacterial pathogens associated with BRD. Recent applications of this technology include the ability to type these opportunistic pathogens to the sub-species level (specifically Mannheimia haemolytica) using MS-based biomarkers, to allow for the identification of bacterial genotypes associated with BRD versus genotypes that are more likely to be commensal in nature.
Multiple Episodes of Fluid Infiltration Along a Single Metasomatic Channel in Metacarbonates (Mogok Metamorphic Belt, Myanmar) and Implications for CO2 Release in Orogenic Belts
Authors: Guo Shun , Chu Xu , Hermann Joerg , Chen Yi , Li Qiuli , Wu Fuyuan , Liu Chuanzhou , Sein Kyaing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFluid infiltration into metacarbonates is a key mechanism to induce orogenic decarbonation, which influences the global carbon cycle and long‐term climate evolution. Little is known regarding the fluid pathways during episodic infiltration events and how flow patterns control time‐integrated CO2 outflux. We investigate the “vein‐like” polycrystalline mineral reaction zones (PMRZs) in dolomite marbles (Mogok metamorphic belt, Myanmar), which are formed by metasomatism via the infiltration of Si–Al–K–Ti–Zr‐bearing fluids. The petrographic textures and mineral U–Pb chronology reveal three episodes of fluid influx in a single PMRZ: (1) the initial episode (Stage‐I) transformed most dolomite into Mg‐rich silicates/oxides and calcite at ∼35–36 Ma indicated by baddeleyite cores; (2) baddeleyite rims gave ages of ∼23–24 Ma, representing a subsequent infiltration episode (Stage‐II) that modified Stage‐I minerals via a dissolution–precipitation mechanism; (3) the final episode (Stage‐III) is recorded by zircon replacing baddeleyite, which yielded ages of ∼17 Ma. Stage‐III fluid has a higher SiO2 activity and [CO2/(CO2 + H2O)] than Stage‐I/Stage‐II fluids. Thermodynamic and mass‐balance analyses indicate that Stage‐I infiltration causes >62–67% loss of CO2 by both dolomite‐consuming reactions and calcite dissolution, whereas the latter two infiltration episodes induce <12–18% loss of CO2 via calcite dissolution. Our results provide compelling evidence that repeated episodes of infiltration (each separated in time by 7–13 Ma) occurred along a single channel in marbles. The initial infiltration episode may create high‐permeability regions, offering favorable channels for later‐stage fluids that transfer obviously less CO2 than the initial metasomatism. This considerably complicates a quantitative assessment of CO2 liberation from metacarbonates during orogenesis.
Widespread Persistent Extreme Cold Events Over South‐East China: Mechanisms, Trends, and Attribution
Authors: Freychet N. , Tett S. F. B. , Abatan A. A. , Schurer A. , Feng Z. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSouth‐East China usually experiences mild winter temperatures but can also be impacted by large‐scale and long‐lasting cold events. Here, we investigate how this category of events has changed during the past 6 decades and why, using both observation and climate model ensembles. We first show that models can reproduce the observed largescale dynamics associated with cold events. A dynamical advection of cold air is mostly responsible not only to trigger cold surges but also we found strong feedback from shortwave radiation, decreasing due to enhanced cloud cover. Recent trends are more difficult to evaluate. Models show a large internal variability and intermodel spread, while observation also indicates large uncertainties in its trend due to high internal variability. Our analysis indicates that even if cold events are likely to have been reduced due to greenhouse gases, trends cannot be attributed with high confidence to any anthropogenic signal alone. However, in the next few decades, the frequency of long‐lasting cold events are expected to quickly reduce due to the emerging greenhouse gases signal and possibly weakening aerosol effect over South‐East China. We also found that most of the trends are due to the change in the mean temperature. Thus, indirectly, there is no clear evidence that the change in cold event frequency is due to a change in the circulation.
Comparative characterization of PCDH19 missense and truncating variants in PCDH19-related epilepsy
Authors: Shibata Mami , Ishii Atsushi , Goto Ayako , Hirose Shinichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMissense and truncating variants in protocadherin 19 (PCDH19) cause PCDH19-related epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to investigate variations in distributional characteristics and the clinical implications of variant type in PCDH19-related epilepsy. We comprehensively collected PCDH19 missense and truncating variants from the literature and by sequencing six exons and intron–exon boundaries of PCDH19 in our cohort. We investigated the distribution of each type of variant using the cumulative distribution function and tested for associations between variant types and phenotypes. The distribution of missense variants in patients was clearly different from that of healthy individuals and was uniform throughout the extracellular cadherin (EC) domain, which consisted of six highly conserved domains. Truncating variants showed two types of distributions: (1) located from EC domain 1 to EC domain 4, and (2) located from EC domain 5 to the cytoplasmic domain. Furthermore, we also found that later onset seizures and milder intellectual disability occurred in patients with truncating variants located from EC domain 5 to the cytoplasmic domain compared with those of patients with other variants. Our findings provide the first evidence of two types of truncating variants in the PCDH19 gene with regard to distribution and the resulting clinical phenotype.
Shared neuroimmune and oxidative pathways underpinning Chagas disease and major depressive disorder
Authors: Duarte-Silva Eduardo , Maes Michael , Macedo Danielle , Savino Wilson , Peixoto Christina Alves 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe cellular and molecular basis to understand the relationship between Chagas disease (CD), a infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and depression, a common psychiatric comorbidity in CD patients, is largely unknown. Clinical studies show an association between CD and depression and preclinical evidence suggests that depressive-like behaviors in T. cruzi infected mice are due, at least partially, to immune dysregulation. However, mechanistic studies regarding this issue are still lacking. Herein, we present and discuss the state of art of data on CD and depression, and revise the mechanisms that may explain the development of depression in CD. We also discuss how the knowledge generated by current and future data may contribute to the discovery of new mechanisms underlying depressive symptoms associated with CD and, hence, to the identification of new therapeutic targets, which ultimately may change the way we see and treat CD and its psychiatric comorbidities.
Telomeric injury by KML001 in human T cells induces mitochondrial dysfunction through the p53-PGC-1α pathway
Authors: Schank Madison , Zhao Juan , Wang Ling , Li Zhengke , Cao Dechao , Nguyen Lam Nhat , Dang Xindi , Khanal Sushant , Nguyen Lam Ngoc Thao , Thakuri Bal Krishna Chand , Ogbu Stella C. , Lu Zeyuan , Zhang Jinyu , Wu Xiao Y. , Morrison Zheng D. , El Gazzar Mohamed , Ning Shunbin , Moorman Jonathan P. , Yao Zhi Q. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTelomere erosion and mitochondrial dysfunction are prominent features of aging cells with progressive declines of cellular functions. Whether telomere injury induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human T lymphocytes, the major component of adaptive host immunity against infection and malignancy, remains unclear. We have recently shown that disruption of telomere integrity by KML001, a telomere-targeting drug, induces T cell senescence and apoptosis via the telomeric DNA damage response (DDR). In this study, we used KML001 to further investigate the role and mechanism of telomere injury in mitochondrial dysregulation in aging T cells. We demonstrate that targeting telomeres by KML001 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by increased mitochondrial swelling and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial DNA content, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen consumption, glycolysis, and ATP energy production. Mechanistically, we found that the KML001-induced telomeric DDR activated p53 signaling, which in turn repressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), leading to T cell mitochondrial dysfunction. These results, forging a direct link between telomeric and mitochondrial biology, shed new light on the human T cell aging network, and demonstrate that the p53-PGC-1α-NRF-1 axis contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in the setting of telomeric DDR. This study suggests that targeting this axis may offer an alternative, novel approach to prevent telomere damage-mediated mitochondrial and T cell dysfunctions to combat a wide range of immune aging-associated human diseases.
Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of fatty liver diseases
Authors: Wang Hua , Mehal Wajahat , Nagy Laura E. , Rotman Yaron 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the two major types of chronic liver disease worldwide. Inflammatory processes play key roles in the pathogeneses of fatty liver diseases, and continuous inflammation promotes the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although both ALD and NAFLD are closely related to inflammation, their respective developmental mechanisms differ to some extent. Here, we review the roles of multiple immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets related to the inflammation associated with fatty liver diseases and the differences in the progression of ASH and NASH. Multiple cell types in the liver, including macrophages, neutrophils, other immune cell types and hepatocytes, are involved in fatty liver disease inflammation. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and complement also contribute to the inflammatory process, as does intertissue crosstalk between the liver and the intestine, adipose tissue, and the nervous system. We point out that inflammation also plays important roles in promoting liver repair and controlling bacterial infections. Understanding the complex regulatory process of disrupted homeostasis during the development of fatty liver diseases may lead to the development of improved targeted therapeutic intervention strategies.
CD103+ cDC1 and endogenous CD8+ T cells are necessary for improved CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cell antitumor function
Authors: Kuhn Nicholas F. , Lopez Andrea V. , Li Xinghuo , Cai Winson , Daniyan Anthony F. , Brentjens Renier J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile effective in specific settings, adoptive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for cancer requires further improvement and optimization. Our previous results show that CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells mobilize endogenous immune effectors, resulting in improved antitumor immunity. However, the cell populations required for this protective effect remain to be identified. Here we show, by analyzing Batf3−/− mice lacking the CD103+ conventional dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1) subpopulation important for antigen cross-presentation, that CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells elicit an impaired antitumor response in the absence of cDC1s. We further find that CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells stimulate tumor-resident CD11b−CD103− double-negative (DN) cDCs to proliferate and differentiate into cDC1s in wild-type mice. Finally, re-challenge experiments show that endogenous CD8+ T cells are required for protective antitumor memory in this setting. Our findings thus demonstrate the stimulatory effect of CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells on innate and adaptive immune cells, and provide a rationale for using CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells to improve immunotherapy responses.
Quantized thermoelectric Hall effect induces giant power factor in a topological semimetal
Authors: Han Fei , Andrejevic Nina , Nguyen Thanh , Kozii Vladyslav , Nguyen Quynh T. , Hogan Tom , Ding Zhiwei , Pablo-Pedro Ricardo , Parjan Shreya , Skinner Brian , Alatas Ahmet , Alp Ercan , Chi Songxue , Fernandez-Baca Jaime , Huang Shengxi , Fu Liang , Li Mingda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThermoelectrics are promising by directly generating electricity from waste heat. However, (sub-)room-temperature thermoelectrics have been a long-standing challenge due to vanishing electronic entropy at low temperatures. Topological materials offer a new avenue for energy harvesting applications. Recent theories predicted that topological semimetals at the quantum limit can lead to a large, non-saturating thermopower and a quantized thermoelectric Hall conductivity approaching a universal value. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the non-saturating thermopower and quantized thermoelectric Hall effect in the topological Weyl semimetal (WSM) tantalum phosphide (TaP). An ultrahigh longitudinal thermopower $$S_{xx} \sim 1.1 \times 10^3 \, \mu \, {\mathrm{V}} \, {\mathrm{K}}^{ - 1}$$

S

x
x

~
1.1
×
1

0

3

μ

V

K

−
1

and giant power factor $$\sim 525 \, \mu \, {\mathrm{W}} \, {\mathrm{cm}}^{ - 1} \, {\mathrm{K}}^{ - 2}$$
~
525

μ

W

cm

−
1

K

−
2

are observed at ~40 K, which is largely attributed to the quantized thermoelectric Hall effect. Our work highlights the unique quantized thermoelectric Hall effect realized in a WSM toward low-temperature energy harvesting applications.
Astrocyte deletion of α2-Na/K ATPase triggers episodic motor paralysis in mice via a metabolic pathway
Authors: Smith Sarah E. , Chen Xiaoying , Brier Lindsey M. , Bumstead Jonathan R. , Rensing Nicholas R. , Ringel Alison E. , Shin Haewon , Oldenborg Anna , Crowley Jan R. , Bice Annie R. , Dikranian Krikor , Ippolito Joseph E. , Haigis Marcia C. , Papouin Thomas , Zhao Guoyan , Wong Michael , Culver Joseph P. , Bonni Azad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFamilial hemiplegic migraine is an episodic neurological disorder characterized by transient sensory and motor symptoms and signs. Mutations of the ion pump α2-Na/K ATPase cause familial hemiplegic migraine, but the mechanisms by which α2-Na/K ATPase mutations lead to the migraine phenotype remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that mice in which α2-Na/K ATPase is conditionally deleted in astrocytes display episodic paralysis. Functional neuroimaging reveals that conditional α2-Na/K ATPase knockout triggers spontaneous cortical spreading depression events that are associated with EEG low voltage activity events, which correlate with transient motor impairment in these mice. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses show that α2-Na/K ATPase loss alters metabolic gene expression with consequent serine and glycine elevation in the brain. A serine- and glycine-free diet rescues the transient motor impairment in conditional α2-Na/K ATPase knockout mice. Together, our findings define a metabolic mechanism regulated by astrocytic α2-Na/K ATPase that triggers episodic motor paralysis in mice.
Distributed control of motor circuits for backward walking in Drosophila
Authors: Feng Kai , Sen Rajyashree , Minegishi Ryo , Dübbert Michael , Bockemühl Till , Büschges Ansgar , Dickson Barry J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHow do descending inputs from the brain control leg motor circuits to change how an animal walks? Conceptually, descending neurons are thought to function either as command-type neurons, in which a single type of descending neuron exerts a high-level control to elicit a coordinated change in motor output, or through a population coding mechanism, whereby a group of neurons, each with local effects, act in combination to elicit a global motor response. The Drosophila Moonwalker Descending Neurons (MDNs), which alter leg motor circuit dynamics so that the fly walks backwards, exemplify the command-type mechanism. Here, we identify several dozen MDN target neurons within the leg motor circuits, and show that two of them mediate distinct and highly-specific changes in leg muscle activity during backward walking: LBL40 neurons provide the hindleg power stroke during stance phase; LUL130 neurons lift the legs at the end of stance to initiate swing. Through these two effector neurons, MDN directly controls both the stance and swing phases of the backward stepping cycle. These findings suggest that command-type descending neurons can also operate through the distributed control of local motor circuits.
Experimental adaptive Bayesian estimation of multiple phases with limited data
Authors: Valeri Mauro , Polino Emanuele , Poderini Davide , Gianani Ilaria , Corrielli Giacomo , Crespi Andrea , Osellame Roberto , Spagnolo Nicolò , Sciarrino Fabio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAchieving ultimate bounds in estimation processes is the main objective of quantum metrology. In this context, several problems require measurement of multiple parameters by employing only a limited amount of resources. To this end, adaptive protocols, exploiting additional control parameters, provide a tool to optimize the performance of a quantum sensor to work in such limited data regime. Finding the optimal strategies to tune the control parameters during the estimation process is a non-trivial problem, and machine learning techniques are a natural solution to address such task. Here, we investigate and implement experimentally an adaptive Bayesian multiparameter estimation technique tailored to reach optimal performances with very limited data. We employ a compact and flexible integrated photonic circuit, fabricated by femtosecond laser writing, which allows to implement different strategies with high degree of control. The obtained results show that adaptive strategies can become a viable approach for realistic sensors working with a limited amount of resources.
Enhancing senior high school student engagement and academic performance using an inclusive and scalable inquiry-based program
Authors: Davenport Huyer Locke , Callaghan Neal I. , Dicks Sara , Scherer Edward , Shukalyuk Andrey I. , Jou Margaret , Kilkenny Dawn M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe multi-disciplinary nature of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers often renders difficulty for high school students navigating from classroom knowledge to post-secondary pursuits. Discrepancies between the knowledge-based high school learning approach and the experiential approach of future studies leaves some students disillusioned by STEM. We present Discovery, a term-long inquiry-focused learning model delivered by STEM graduate students in collaboration with high school teachers, in the context of biomedical engineering. Entire classes of high school STEM students representing diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds engaged in iterative, problem-based learning designed to emphasize critical thinking concomitantly within the secondary school and university environments. Assessment of grades and survey data suggested positive impact of this learning model on students’ STEM interests and engagement, notably in under-performing cohorts, as well as repeating cohorts that engage in the program on more than one occasion. Discovery presents a scalable platform that stimulates persistence in STEM learning, providing valuable learning opportunities and capturing cohorts of students that might otherwise be under-engaged in STEM.