bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music Therapy with Active-Duty Service Members: Group Protocol Description and Secondary Analysis of Protocol Evaluations
Authors: Vaudreuil Rebecca , Biondo Jacelyn , Bradt Joke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBased on the growing need for music therapy programming at military treatment facilities and clinics that specialize in the rehabilitation of service members, this article describes a music therapy group protocol and the findings of 201 post-session evaluations. In addition, we present clinical perspectives and recommendations from three music therapists who have facilitated this group protocol on four military bases across the United States. The group session outlined in the protocol is intended as an introduction to music therapy. It familiarizes service members to various music therapy experiences specifically structured to enhance feelings of safety during emotional risk-taking. In addition, the protocol functions as an initial assessment of service members’ responses to the various receptive and interactive music experiences and includes psychoeducation regarding the role of music therapy in an interdisciplinary treatment model. The post-session evaluation data suggest that service members endorsed this introductory group as moderately to very helpful. Perceived benefits included the opportunity to express various emotions and increased awareness of somatic responses through music. A large number of requests for continued music therapy services following the introductory session suggest that the protocol is successful in facilitating understanding in service members regarding the potential benefits of music therapy in interdisciplinary treatment. Feedback from the music therapists indicated that the group protocol is a helpful initial experience for service members to acclimate to music therapy and for music therapists to learn about their patients’ specific needs to inform subsequent treatment.
The human milk microbiome: who, what, when, where, why, and how?
Authors: Stinson Lisa F , Sindi Azhar S M , Cheema Ali S , Lai Ching Tat , Mühlhäusler Beverly S , Wlodek Mary E , Payne Matthew S , Geddes Donna T 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman milk (HM) contains an incredible array of microorganisms. These likely contribute to the seeding of the infant gastrointestinal microbiome, thereby influencing infant immune and metabolic development and later-life health. Given the importance of the HM microbiota in this context, there has been an increase in research efforts to characterize this in different populations and in relation to different maternal and infant characteristics. However, despite a decade of intensive research, there remain several unanswered questions in this field. In this review, the “5 W+H” approach (who, what, when, where, why, and how) is used to comprehensively describe the composition, function, and origin of the HM microbiome. Here, existing evidence will be drawn together and critically appraised to highlight avenues for further research, both basic and applied. Perhaps the most interesting of these is the potential to modulate the HM microbiome using pre/probiotics or dietary interventions. Another exciting possibility is the personalization of donor milk for women with insufficient supply. By gaining a deeper understanding of the HM microbiome, opportunities to intervene to optimize infant and lifelong health may be identified.
Vegetarianism and veganism compared with mental health and cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Iguacel Isabel , Huybrechts Inge , Moreno Luis A , Michels Nathalie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContextVegetarian and vegan diets are increasing in popularity. Although they provide beneficial health effects, they may also lead to nutritional deficiencies. Cognitive impairment and mental health disorders have a high economic burden.ObjectiveA meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between vegan or vegetarian diets and cognitive and mental health.Data SourcesPubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Proquest databases were examined from inception to July 2018.Study SelectionOriginal observational or interventional human studies of vegan/vegetarian diets were selected independently by 2 authors.Data ExtractionRaw means and standard deviations were used as continuous outcomes, while numbers of events were used as categorical outcomes.ResultsOf 1249 publications identified, 13 were included, with 17 809 individuals in total. No significant association was found between diet and the continuous depression score, stress, well-being, or cognitive impairment. Vegans/vegetarians were at increased risk for depression (odds ratio = 2.142; 95%CI, 1.105–4.148) and had lower anxiety scores (mean difference = −0.847; 95%CI, −1.677 to −0.018). Heterogeneity was large, and thus subgroup analyses showed numerous differences.ConclusionsVegan or vegetarian diets were related to a higher risk of depression and lower anxiety scores, but no differences for other outcomes were found. Subgroup analyses of anxiety showed a higher risk of anxiety, mainly in participants under 26 years of age and in studies with a higher quality. More studies with better overall quality are needed to make clear positive or negative associations.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42018097204
Native valve fungal endocarditis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus: management dilemma
Authors: Aldosari Mohammed A , Alghamdi Mohammed H , Alhamdan Abdulrahman A , Alamri Mohammed M , Ahmed Amjad M , Aziz Mohamed S 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTFungal endocarditis (FE) accounts for ~50% of the mortality rate associated with predisposing host conditions. Despite optimal therapeutic strategies, the survival rate remains low. FE is mostly caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Previous valvular surgery is the most essential risk factor for Aspergillus endocarditis, which observed in 40–50% of cases. However, native valve FE caused by Aspergillus is uncommon, with only a few reported cases. We hereby report a case of native valve FE caused by A. fumigatus with complications following Wegener’s disease and prostate cancer. The patient survived after successful management with the combination of surgical and medical therapy. Aspergillus endocarditis is a rare and fatal fungal infection. Despite difficulties in diagnosis and treatment, medical intervention with antifungal therapy and immediate surgical intervention are essential to achieve desirable outcomes.
Contesting ‘Permit-and-Licence Raj’: Economic Conservatism and the Idea of Democracy in 1950s India*
Authors: Balasubramanian Aditya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Economic conservatism in India traces its roots in the fragmentation of political consensus following the success of the anti-colonial nationalist movement. Framed in the context of the Cold War, long before the 1991 liberalization reforms, this economic conservatism blended anti-communism, free-market advocacy, and the defence of property. This was expressed as the central agenda of the broadly secular Swatantra Party, an effort to consolidate two-party democracy that emerged by the late 1960s as the most serious challenger to the dominant Congress Party. Swatantra brought together diverse progenitors aligned with American development ideas for the Third World. This article reconstructs Indian economic conservatism’s transnational history through an interconnected study of three founding figures of the party and the network of urban associations and periodicals brewing alternative ideas beneath the layers of dominant opinion in which they were embedded. It recasts non-aligned India as a site of ideological contestation affected by the Cold War. Swatantra’s lasting critique of Indian political economy was indicative of a more widely held dissent on India’s development strategy, which has helped to drive the fragmentation of Indian politics. Demands for the party’s revival reveal a desire for a secular alternative to the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party.
Modular $S_3$-invariant flavor model in SU(5) grand unified theory
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuo , Shimizu Yusuke , Takagi Kenta , Tanimoto Morimitsu , Tatsuishi Takuya H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present a flavor model with $S_3$ modular invariance in the framework of SU(5) grand unified theory (GUT). The $S_3$ modular forms of weights $2$ and $4$ give the quark and lepton mass matrices with a common complex parameter, the modulus $\tau$. The GUT relation of down-type quarks and charged leptons is imposed by the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the adjoint 24-dimensional Higgs multiplet in addition to the VEVs of $5$ and $\bar 5$ Higgs multiplets of SU(5). The observed Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa and Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata mixing parameters as well as the mass eigenvalues are reproduced properly. We discuss the leptonic charge–parity phase and the effective mass of the neutrinoless double beta decay with the sum of neutrino masses.
Strontium-substituted sub-micron bioactive glasses inhibit ostoclastogenesis through suppression of RANKL-induced signaling pathway
Authors: Huang Deqiu , Zhao Fujian , Gao Wendong , Chen Xiaofeng , Guo Zhouyi , Zhang Wen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Strontium-substituted bioactive glass (Sr-BG) has shown superior performance in bone regeneration. Sr-BG-induced osteogenesis has been extensively studied; however, Sr-BG-mediated osteoclastogenesis and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unclear. It is recognized that the balance of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis is closely related to bone repair, and the receptor activators of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) signaling pathway plays a key role of in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis. Herein, we studied the potential impact and underling mechanism of strontium-substituted sub-micron bioactive glass (Sr-SBG) on RANKL-induced osteoclast activation and differentiation in vitro. As expected, Sr-SBG inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis significantly with the experimental performance of decreased mature osteoclasts formation and downregulation of osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression. Furthermore, it was found that Sr-SBG might suppress osteoclastogenesis by the combined effect of strontium and silicon released through inhibition of RANKL-induced activation of p38 and NF-κB pathway. These results elaborated the effect of Sr-SBG-based materials on osteoclastogenesis through RANKL-induced downstream pathway and might represent a significant guidance for designing better bone repair materials.
Characterization and biological evaluation of a novel silver nanoparticle-loaded collagen-chitosan dressing
Authors: Li Rongfu , Xu Zhaorong , Jiang Qiong , Zheng Yunquan , Chen Zhaohong , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Effective coverage and protection is a priority in wound treatment. Collagen and chitosan have been widely used for wound dressings due to their excellent biological activity and biocompatibility. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a powerful antibacterial effect. In this study, a macromolecular and small-molecular collagen mixed solution, a macromolecular and small-molecular chitosan mixed solution were prepared, and a silver nanoparticle-loaded collagen-chitosan dressing (AgNP-CCD) has been proposed. First, the effects of a collagen-chitosan mixed solution on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the secretion of cytokines were evaluated. Then, the characteristics and antibacterial effects of the AgNP-CCD were tested, and the effects on wound healing and the influence of wound cytokine expression were investigated via a deep second-degree burn wound model. The results showed that at the proper proportion and concentration, the collagen-chitosan mixed solution effectively promoted cell proliferation and regulated the levels of growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], epidermal growth factor [EGF], platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF], transforming growth factor [TGF-β1], basic fibroblastic growth factor [bFGF]) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8). Moreover, AgNP solutions at lower concentrations exerted limited inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and had no effect on cytokine secretion. The AgNP-CCD demonstrated satisfactory morphological and physical properties as well as efficient antibacterial activities. An in vivo evaluation indicated that AgNP-CCD could accelerate the healing process of deep second-degree burn wounds and played an important role in the regulation of growth and inflammatory factors, including VEGF, EGFL-7, TGF-β1, bFGF, TNF-α and IL-1β. This AgNP-CCD exerted excellent biological effects on wound healing promotion and cytokine expression regulation.
Sodium alendronate loaded poly(l-lactide- co-glycolide) microparticles immobilized on ceramic scaffolds for local treatment of bone defects
Authors: Rumian Łucja , Wolf-Brandstetter Cornelia , Rößler Sina , Reczyńska Katarzyna , Tiainen Hanna , Haugen Håvard J , Scharnweber Dieter , Pamuła Elżbieta 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration in critical-size defects is possible after implantation of a 3D scaffold and can be additionally enhanced once the scaffold is enriched with drugs or other factors supporting bone remodelling and healing. Sodium alendronate (Aln), a widely used anti-osteoporosis drug, exhibits strong inhibitory effect on bone resorption performed by osteoclasts. Thus, we propose a new approach for the treatment of bone defects in craniofacial region combining biocompatible titanium dioxide scaffolds and poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles (MPs) loaded with Aln. The MPs were effectively attached to the surface of the scaffolds’ pore walls by human recombinant collagen. Drug release from the scaffolds was characterized by initial burst (24 ± 6% of the drug released within first 24 h) followed by a sustained release phase (on average 5 µg of Aln released per day from Day 3 to Day 18). In vitro tests evidenced that Aln at concentrations of 5 and 2.5 µg/ml was not cytotoxic for MG-63 osteoblast-like cells (viability between 81 ± 6% and 98 ± 3% of control), but it prevented RANKL-induced formation of osteoclast-like cells from macrophages derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as shown by reduced fusion capability and decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b activity (56 ± 5% reduction in comparison to control after 8 days of culture). Results show that it is feasible to design the scaffolds providing required doses of Aln inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, reducing osteoclast activity, but not affecting osteoblast functions, which may be beneficial in the treatment of critical-size bone tissue defects.
A daytime nap restores hippocampal function and improves declarative learning
Authors: Ong Ju Lynn , Lau Te Yang , Lee Xuan Kai , van Rijn Elaine , Chee Michael W L 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Study Objectives
Daytime naps can confer benefits on subsequent declarative learning, but the physiological correlates of this improvement are less well studied. We examined learning following a daytime nap compared with an equivalent waking period using fMRI and polysomnography.

Methods
Forty healthy young adults who slept normally the previous night encoded word pair lists in an MRI scanner at 13:00 and 16:30. Between sessions, participants either stayed awake and watched a documentary (Wake Group; N = 20) or had a 90-minute nap opportunity (Nap Group; N = 20) monitored by polysomnography. Approximately 40 minutes after completing each encoding session, memory for learned words was assessed using cued-recall.

Results
A significant Session × Group interaction effect (p &lt; 0.001) was observed in which memory was significantly improved in the Nap but not in the Wake group (p &lt; 0.001). There was also a Session × Run × Group interaction effect in the left hippocampus (p = 0.001), whereby activation during word pair encoding increased only following the nap. Both performance improvement (rs = 0.46, p = 0.04) and nap-related increase in hippocampal activation (rs = 0.46, p = 0.04) were correlated with nap spindle count (12–15 Hz) but not with slow oscillation power (p’s ≥ 0.18).

Conclusions
After a habitual nocturnal sleep, participants who had a 90-minute afternoon nap encoded word pairs better than a comparable group who stayed awake. Increases in hippocampal activation following the nap suggest restored hippocampal function. Naptime spindles may contribute to improved memory.
Slow-wave activity and sigma activities are associated with psychomotor development at 8 months of age
Authors: Satomaa Anna-Liisa , Mäkelä Tiina , Saarenpää-Heikkilä Outi , Kylliäinen Anneli , Huupponen Eero , Himanen Sari-Leena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe electrophysiological properties of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) EEG are homeostatically modulated on global and local use-dependent levels. Furthermore, the local NREM quality reflects age-dependent brain maturation and individual, age-independent, and psychomotor potential. Cortical maturation and its electrophysiological marker, Slow-wave activity (SWA), as well as sleep spindles are known to change in topography and quality during the early years of life, but their associations with psychomotor development in infants are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the local properties of SWA and spindles (sigma power) and ascertain whether they correlate with psychomotor development in 8-month-old infants.MethodsAmbulatory polysomnographies were recorded in 56 infants at 8 months of age to calculate the local SWA and sigma powers. The associations between the SWA and sigma powers and psychomotor development (Bayley-III) were examined in 36 of these infants.ResultsIn both hemispheres, the highest SWA and sigma powers were found occipitally and centrally, respectively, with higher powers in the right hemisphere than in the left. The Bayley-III correlated with local SWA and sigma powers: the occipital SWA and centro-occipital sigma correlated with cognitive scales, and the frontal and occipital SWA and centro-occipital sigma correlated with language and fine motor scales. Most of the correlations were unilateral.ConclusionsIn 8-month-old infants, the NREM sleep quality shows local differences that are mostly attributable to the topical phase of brain maturation. The local NREM parameters correlate with psychomotor development.
Going Places or Out of Place? Representations of Mobile Girls and Young Women in Late-1950s and 1960s Britain
Authors: Tinkler Penny 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Spatial mobilities are a neglected dimension of the historiography of post-war youth and yet, as this article argues, in the late 1950s and 1960s, mobilities became integral to a redefinition of young femininity. Examining media targeting girls and young women, as well as national newspapers and women’s magazines, this article explores the popularization of the idea that girls in their teens and early twenties were on the move and that particular kinds of mobility were a feature of modern girlhood. Whether out and about, travelling or migrating to cities, mobilities were often portrayed as empowering girls and facilitating transitions to adulthood; for these reasons, girls were encouraged to embrace opportunities to be going places, even if this meant challenging personal boundaries. This empowering new ideal came at a cost: youth, and the passage to adulthood, became riskier for girls. Only a thin line separated going places from out of place, as the most transformative mobilities took girls away from the parental home and other forms of adult supervision. There were long-established dangers posed by predatory men, but also new ones posed by going it alone—sexual and domestic exploitation, loneliness; risky mobilities were often less about travel than arriving someplace else. Financial resources helped safeguard girls, but survival increasingly depended on personal resources. Mobilities became a new axis of social differentiation, dividing the girls who were going places, literally and in terms of social status and cultural capital, from those who were out of place or stuck in place.
Effects of Prenatal Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate Flame Retardants on Placental Gene Expression and Serotonergic Innervation in the Fetal Rat Brain
Authors: Rock Kylie D , St Armour Genevieve , Horman Brian , Phillips Allison , Ruis Matthew , Stewart Allison K , Jima Dereje , Muddiman David C , Stapleton Heather M , Patisaul Heather B 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is a growing need to understand the potential neurotoxicity of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers because use and, consequently, human exposure, is rapidly expanding. We have previously shown in rats that developmental exposure to the commercial flame retardant mixture Firemaster 550 (FM 550), which contains OPFRs, results in sex-specific behavioral effects, and identified the placenta as a potential target of toxicity. The placenta is a critical coordinator of fetal growth and neurodevelopment, and a source of neurotransmitters for the developing brain. We have shown in rats and humans that flame retardants accumulate in placental tissue, and induce functional changes, including altered neurotransmitter production. Here, we sought to establish if OPFRs (triphenyl phosphate and a mixture of isopropylated triarylphosphate isomers) alter placental function and fetal forebrain development, with disruption of tryptophan metabolism as a primary pathway of interest. Wistar rat dams were orally exposed to OPFRs (0, 500, 1000, or 2000 μg/day) or a serotonin (5-HT) agonist 5-methoxytryptamine for 14 days during gestation and placenta and fetal forebrain tissues collected for analysis by transcriptomics and metabolomics. Relative abundance of genes responsible for the transport and synthesis of placental 5-HT were disrupted, and multiple neuroactive metabolites in the 5-HT and kynurenine metabolic pathways were upregulated. In addition, 5-HTergic projections were significantly longer in the fetal forebrains of exposed males. These findings suggest that OPFRs have the potential to impact the 5-HTergic system in the fetal forebrain by disrupting placental tryptophan metabolism.