bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impella RP as a bridge to cardiac transplant for refractory late right ventricular failure in setting of left ventricular assist device
Authors: Randhawa Varinder Kaur , Hoffman Karlee , Bock Ashley , Bhat Pavan , Young Laura , Rossi Jeffrey , Campbell Joseph , Bott‐Silverman Corrine , Soltesz Edward G. , Tong Michael Z.Y. , Unai Shinya , Nair Ravi , Estep Jerry D. , Perez Antonio L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) failure remains a major complication after surgical implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). While the use of a percutaneous RV assist device has been described as a short‐term bridge to recovery in end‐stage heart failure patients with early post‐operative RV failure after index LVAD implant, management of refractory late RV failure remains challenging in these patients. We report the first successful case of extended Impella RP use as a safe and effective bridge to orthotopic heart transplant in an LVAD patient with refractory, haemodynamically significant late RV failure. The Impella RP provided support for 37 days. Haemodynamically intolerant arrhythmia precluded use of inotropic support. No adverse complications related to percutaneous Impella RP support were seen. We also review potential considerations for mechanical circulatory support strategies in this setting: central RV assist device cannulation requires sternotomy incision that can impact subsequent cardiac surgeries, while percutaneous Protek Duo insertion requires adequate vessel size and patency. With an LVAD in situ, veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was not considered for isolated RV support in this case. The patient is currently over 6 months post‐orthotopic heart transplant.
Growth differentiation factor 15 in adverse cardiac remodelling: from biomarker to causal player
Authors: Wesseling Marian , de Poel Julius H.C. , de Jager Saskia C.A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHeart failure is a growing health issue as a negative consequence of improved survival upon myocardial infarction, unhealthy lifestyle, and the ageing of our population. The large and complex pathology underlying heart failure makes diagnosis and especially treatment very difficult. There is an urgent demand for discriminative biomarkers to aid disease management of heart failure. Studying cellular pathways and pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to disease initiation and progression is crucial for understanding the disease process and will aid to identification of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a proven valuable biomarker for different pathologies, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Although the prognostic value of GDF15 in heart failure is robust, the biological function of GDF15 in adverse cardiac remodelling is not fully understood. GDF15 is a distant member of the transforming growth factor‐β family and involved in various biological processes including inflammation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. However, more research is suggesting a role in fibrosis, hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction. As GDF15 is a pleiotropic protein, elucidating the exact role of GDF15 in complex disease processes has proven to be a challenge. In this review, we provide an overview of the role GDF15 plays in various intracellular and extracellular processes underlying heart failure, and we touch upon crucial points that need consideration before GDF15 can be integrated as a biomarker in standard care or when considering GDF15 for therapeutic intervention.
Speckle tracking echocardiography in hypokinetic non‐dilated cardiomyopathy: comparison with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mombeini Hoda , Parsaee Mozhgan , Amin Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsHypokinetic non‐dilated cardiomyopathy (HNDC), which is determined by impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function despite normal LV size, has been categorized as a subgroup of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) spectrum. Lack of data regarding advanced echocardiographic data in this population motivated us to design the present study in order to assess LV myocardial deformation properties of HNDC patients against the ones with dilated left ventricle.Methods and resultsThirty‐one HNDC patients and 23 DCM patients were enrolled in the study consecutively. Myocardial deformation parameters including global longitudinal strain, global circumferential strain, LV basal and apical rotation, LV twist, and LV mechanical dispersion were obtained with the use of two‐dimensional speckle tracking‐based methods in all patients. Left cardiac chamber volume was also measured using three‐dimensional HeartModel application. Patients with enlarged left ventricle tend to have lower LV ejection fraction. Comparing with HNDC group, DCM patients showed worse global circumferential strain (coefficient ± standard error 3.59 ± 0.94, P < 0.001) and LV mechanical dispersion (coefficient ± standard error 16.46 ± 7.09, P = 0.02) after regression analysis, while neither the global longitudinal strain nor the LV twist was not significantly different between two study population.ConclusionsLeft ventricular enlargement has a substantial effect on the circumferential strain and mechanical dispersion more than other deformation parameters that may play a role in the assumed poor prognosis of heart failure patients with dilated left ventricle.
Local community perceptions toward livelihood and water–energy–food nexus: A perspective on food security
Authors: Wolde Zinabu , Wei Wu , Kunpeng Wang , Ketema Haile 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhile water–energy–food (WEF) nexus is a major livelihood sources for local community, its security issues grow continually and there is limited information on how nexus resource management is effective at delivering livelihoods and food security. These difficulties are related to the lack of local community knowledge of the use and exploitation of water, energy, and food resources; this limited awareness leads to trade‐offs, especially in local and marginalized areas. On the basis of data collected from a local community through a survey‐based approach, this study examines local community perception of nexus resources and their contribution to livelihoods. The results indicate that community perceptions of nexus resources can be understood through social, natural, economic, human, physical, and environmental livelihood indicators. According to our findings, the perception of nexus resources is based on the benefits of individual resources rather than their interlinkages. This could be the result of community perceptions of a particular nexus resource from three nexus sector, that is, food. Food is the center of nexus resources for the community in the study area. This indicates, that there is a missing link between cross‐sectorial resource utilization and management, and full‐scale adoption of the WEF nexus to enhance living conditions. Our findings suggest that there is a low understanding of WEF nexus resource use and management, and the livelihood benefit of individual nexus resources is the primary focus in the studied community. From these results, we recommend more action to be taken by the government and other stakeholders to improve the local community perception of nexus resources for their livelihoods.
Meta‐analysis of risk of occult lymph node metastasis in the irradiated, clinically N0 neck
Authors: Finegersh Andrey , Moss William J. , Saddawi‐Konefka Robert , Faraji Farhoud , Coffey Charles S. , Califano Joseph A. , Brumund Kevin T. , Orosco Ryan K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after radiation is associated with poor survival, and management of the clinically negative (N0) neck during salvage surgery is controversial.MethodsStudies were selected according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria were patients with HNSCC, prior radiation to the lateral neck nodal basin, undergoing salvage surgery for local recurrence, persistence or second primary, and N0 at time of salvage. Eleven studies with a total of 382 patients met inclusion criteria.ResultsThe rate of occult metastasis was 15.4%. The pooled rate of occult nodal metastasis was 16.2% for oral cavity, 12.9% for oropharynx, 23.7% for hypopharynx, and 27.3% for supraglottic or transglottic tumors. There was a significantly higher relative risk of occult metastasis for locally advanced tumors.ConclusionElective neck dissection at time of salvage surgery should be considered based on subsite, T classification, and prior history of nodal metastasis.
Disulfide High‐Mobility Group Box 1 Drives Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury in Human Liver Transplantation
Authors: Sosa Rebecca A. , Terry Allyson Q. , Kaldas Fady M. , Jin Yi‐Ping , Rossetti Maura , Ito Takahiro , Li Fang , Ahn Richard S. , Naini Bita V. , Groysberg Victoria M. , Zheng Ying , Aziz Antony , Nevarez‐Mejia Jessica , Zarrinpar Ali , Busuttil Ronald W. , Gjertson David W. , Kupiec‐Weglinski Jerzy W. , Reed Elaine F. 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims
Sterile inflammation is a major clinical concern during ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) triggered by traumatic events, including stroke, myocardial infarction, and solid organ transplantation. Despite high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) clearly being involved in sterile inflammation, its role is controversial because of a paucity of patient‐focused research.

Approach and Results
Here, we examined the role of HMGB1 oxidation states in human IRI following liver transplantation. Portal blood immediately following allograft reperfusion (liver flush; LF) had increased total HMGB1, but only LF from patients with histopathological IRI had increased disulfide‐HMGB1 and induced Toll‐like receptor 4–dependent tumor necrosis factor alpha production by macrophages. Disulfide HMGB1 levels increased concomitantly with IRI severity. IRI+ prereperfusion biopsies contained macrophages with hyperacetylated, lysosomal disulfide‐HMGB1 that increased postreperfusion at sites of injury, paralleling increased histone acetyltransferase general transcription factor IIIC subunit 4 and decreased histone deacetylase 5 expression. Purified disulfide‐HMGB1 or IRI+ blood stimulated further production of disulfide‐HMGB1 and increased proinflammatory molecule and cytokine expression in macrophages through a positive feedback loop.

Conclusions
These data identify disulfide‐HMGB1 as a mechanistic biomarker of, and therapeutic target for, minimizing sterile inflammation during human liver IRI.
Genome‐Wide Association Study of Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Suggests Human Leukocyte Antigen as a Novel Candidate Locus
Authors: Yoshida Ken , Yokota Kazuha , Kutsuwada Yukinobu , Nakayama Kazuhiro , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Matsumoto Ayumi , Miyashita Hiroshi , Khor Seik‐soon , Tokunaga Katsushi , Kawai Yosuke , Nagasaki Masao , Iwamoto Sadahiko 
Published: May 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is supposed to manifest its metabolic phenotype in the liver, but it is common to have lean individuals diagnosed with NAFLD, known as lean NAFLD. We conducted a two‐stage analysis to identify NAFLD‐associated loci in Japanese patients. In stage I, 275 metabolically healthy normal‐weight patients with NAFLD were compared with 1,411 non‐NAFLD controls adjusted for age, sex, and alcohol consumption by a genome‐wide association study (GWAS). In stage II, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in chromosome 6 (chr6) (P = 6.73E‐08), microRNA (MIR) MIR548F3 in chr7 (P = 4.25E‐07), myosin light chain 2 (MYL2) in chr12 (P = 4.39E‐07), and glycoprotein precursor (GPC)6 in chr13 (P = 5.43E‐07), as suggested by the GWAS, were assessed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis of whole NAFLD against non‐NAFLD in 9,726 members of the general population. A minor allele of the secondary lead SNP in chr6, rs2076529, was significantly associated (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11‐1.28; P = 2.10E‐06) and the lead SNP in chr7 was weakly associated (OR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.27; P = 6.19E‐03) with increased NAFLD risk. Imputation‐based typing of HLA showed a significant difference in the distribution of HLA‐B, HLA‐DR‐beta chain 1 (DRB1), and HLA‐DQ‐beta chain 1 (DQB1) alleles in lean NAFLD GWAS. Next‐generation sequence‐based typing of HLA in 5,649 members of the general population replicated the significant difference of HLA‐B allele distribution and the significant increase of the HLA‐B*54:01 allele in whole NAFLD. Fecal metagenomic analysis of 3,420 members of the general population showed significant dissimilarity in beta‐diversity analysis of rs2076529 and HLA‐B*54:01 allele carriers from noncarriers. Veillonellaceae was increased but Verrucomicrobia was decreased in rs2076529 minor allele and HLA‐B*54:01 allele carriers as in NAFLD. Conclusion: HLA was identified as a novel locus associated with NAFLD susceptibility, which might be affected by the alteration of gut microbiota.
Relationship between tRNA‐derived fragments and human cancers
Authors: Zeng Tianyu , Hua Yijia , Sun Chunxiao , Zhang Yuchen , Yang Fan , Yang Mengzhu , Yang Yiqi , Li Jun , Huang Xiang , Wu Hao , Fu Ziyi , Li Wei , Yin Yongmei 
Published: May 2020

AbstracttRNA‐derived fragments, a class of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), have been identified in numerous studies in recent years. tRNA‐derived fragments are classified into two main groups, including tRNA halves (tiRNAs) and tRNA‐derived small RNA fragments (tRFs), according to different cleavage positions of the precursor or mature tRNAs. Instead of random tRNA degradation debris, a growing body of evidence has shown that tRNA‐derived fragments are precise products of specific tRNA modifications and play important roles in biological activities, such as regulating protein translation, affecting gene expression, and altering immune signaling. Recently, the relations between tRNA‐derived fragments and the occurrence of human diseases, especially cancers, have generated wide interest. It has been demonstrated that tRNA‐derived fragments are involved in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, progression and survival. In this review, we will describe the biogenesis of tRNA‐derived fragments, the distinct expression and function of tRNA‐derived fragments in the development of cancers, and their emerging roles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and precise targets of future treatments.
Assessment of birth preparedness and complication readiness among pregnant women attending the Obs/Gynae wards in two teaching hospitals in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Qazi Umair , Latif Abdul , Irshad Gulmaskha , Malik Farhat R. , Anwar Saeed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the knowledge of pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the study sites about birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) and their knowledge about warning signs during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to April 2019 in two teaching hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. Pregnant women aged 15–49 years were recruited after consent. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection.ResultsAmong 170 enrollees, 72.4% had not heard about BPCR. Transportation arrangements were done by 4.7%, blood donor arrangements by 10%, saving for emergency by 22.4%, and 42.4% identified a skilled provider. Prior selection of a health facility for delivery were done by 65.9%, and 71.8% received four or more antenatal visits. Vaginal bleeding (68%), placenta not delivered within 30 minutes of delivery (62.9%), and vaginal bleeding ( 51.8%) were reported as warning signs during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum, respectively.ConclusionKnowledge of BPCR and warning signs during all three phases of pregnancy was low. The increased antenatal visits are an opportunity to educate the mothers about BPCR and warning signs.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Calvarial and Long-Bone Endocortical Cells
Authors: Ayturk Ugur M , Scollan Joseph P , Goz Ayturk Didem , Suh Eun Sung , Vesprey Alexander , Jacobsen Christina M , Divieti Pajevic Paola , Warman Matthew L 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) is emerging as a powerful technology to examine transcriptomes of individual cells. We determined whether scRNA-Seq could be used to detect the effect of environmental and pharmacologic perturbations on osteoblasts. We began with a commonly used in vitro system in which freshly isolated neonatal mouse calvarial cells are expanded and induced to produce a mineralized matrix. We used scRNA-Seq to compare the relative cell type abundances and the transcriptomes of freshly isolated cells to those that had been cultured for 12 days in vitro. We observed that the percentage of macrophage-like cells increased from 6% in freshly isolated calvarial cells to 34% in cultured cells. We also found that Bglap transcripts were abundant in freshly isolated osteoblasts but nearly undetectable in the cultured calvarial cells. Thus, scRNA-Seq revealed significant differences between heterogeneity of cells in vivo and in vitro. We next performed scRNA-Seq on freshly recovered long bone endocortical cells from mice that received either vehicle or sclerostin-neutralizing antibody for 1 week. We were unable to detect significant changes in bone anabolism–associated transcripts in immature and mature osteoblasts recovered from mice treated with sclerostin-neutralizing antibody; this might be a consequence of being underpowered to detect modest changes in gene expression, because only 7% of the sequenced endocortical cells were osteoblasts and a limited portion of their transcriptomes were sampled. We conclude that scRNA-Seq can detect changes in cell abundance, identity, and gene expression in skeletally derived cells. In order to detect modest changes in osteoblast gene expression at the single-cell level in the appendicular skeleton, larger numbers of osteoblasts from endocortical bone are required. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
RETRACTED: Coinhibition of S1PR1 and GP130 by siRNA‐loaded alginate‐conjugated trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles robustly blocks development of cancer cells
Authors: Rostami Narges , Nikkhoo Afshin , Khazaei‐poul Yalda , Farhadi Shohreh , Sadat Haeri Melika , Moghadaszadeh Ardebili Sadaf , Aghaei Vanda Nasimeh , Atyabi Fatemeh , Namdar Afshin , Baghaei Masoumeh , Haghnavaz Navideh , Kazemi Tohid , Yousefi Mehdi , Ghalamfarsa Ghasem , Sabz Gholamabas , Jadidi‐Niaragh Farhad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is an interconnected network between S1P/sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), IL‐6/glycoprotein 130 (GP130), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment, which leads to cancer progression. S1P/S1PR1 and IL‐6/GP130 signaling pathways phosphorylate and activate STAT3, and it then induces the expression of S1PR1 and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in a positive feedback loop leading to cancer progression. We hypothesized that blockade of this amplification loop can suppress the growth and development of cancer cells. Therefore, we silenced STAT3 upstream molecules including the S1PR1 and GP130 molecules in cancer cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐loaded alginate‐conjugated trimethyl chitosan (ATMC) nanoparticles (NPs). The generated NPs had competent properties including the appropriate size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, morphology, high uptake of siRNA, high rate of capacity, high stability, and low toxicity. We evaluated the effects of siRNA loaded ATMC NPs on tumor hallmarks of three murine‐derived cancer cell lines, including 4T1 (breast cancer), B16‐F10 (melanoma), and CT26 (colon cancer). The results confirmed the tumor‐suppressive effects of combinational targeting of S1PR1 and GP130. Moreover, combination therapy could potently suppress tumor growth as assessed by the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. In this study, we targeted this positive feedback loop for the first time and applied this novel combination therapy, which provides a promising approach for cancer treatment. The development of a potent nanocarrier system with ATMC for this combination was also another aspect of this study, which should be further investigated in cancer animal models in further studies.
Low‐dose melatonin for sleep disturbances in early‐stage cirrhosis: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial
Authors: De Silva Arjuna P , Niriella Madunil A , Ediriweera Dileepa S , De Alwis Jerome P , Liyanage Isurujith K , Ettickan Ushanthani , Liyanapathirana Kasun V , Undugodage Chandimani , de Silva H. Asita , de Silva H. Janaka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and aimMelatonin is used to treat sleep disturbances (SDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of low‐dose melatonin for SDs in early‐stage cirrhosis.MethodsIn a single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over clinical trial, patients with early‐stage (Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh [CTP] class A or B) cirrhosis with SDs, without hepatic encephalopathy, were randomized to placebo or 3 mg of melatonin for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the patients were given a washout period of 1 week and crossed over to melatonin or placebo for a further 2 weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were used to measure sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, respectively. Analysis of results was based on intention to treat, and linear mixed‐effect models were used to evaluate the effect of melatonin. Analysis was conducted using R‐programming language 3.5.1.ResultsSeventy one patients were recruited (mean age: 61.9 ± 8.7 years, males: 46 [64.8%], and CTP Class A = 52 [73.2%] and Class B = 19 [26.8%]). Sixty patients completed the study (mean age: 61.7 ± 8.8 years, males: 40 [66.6%], and CTP Class A = 45 [75.0%] and Class‐B = 15 [25.0%]). Two patients dropped out due to adverse events. Nine patients were lost to follow up. Patients given melatonin had a significantly lower PSQI and ESS compared to both pretreatment (P < 0.001) and postplacebo scores (P < 0.001). Incidence of adverse events was similar (two each of abdominal pain, one each of headache, one each of dizziness) in both groups.ConclusionMelatonin seems safe and effective for use in patients with SDs in early‐stage cirrhosis in the short term. However, larger and longer‐term studies to assess efficacy and safety are required before its clinical use can be recommended.