bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch phase with resolved stellar populations in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Pastorelli Giada , Marigo Paola , Girardi Léo , Aringer Bernhard , Chen Yang , Rubele Stefano , Trabucchi Michele , Bladh Sara , Boyer Martha L , Bressan Alessandro , Dalcanton Julianne J , Groenewegen Martin A T , Lebzelter Thomas , Mowlavi Nami , Chubb Katy L , Cioni Maria-Rosa L , de Grijs Richard , Ivanov Valentin D , Nanni Ambra , van Loon Jacco Th , Zaggia Simone 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Reliable models of the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phase are of critical importance across astrophysics, including our interpretation of the spectral energy distribution of galaxies, cosmic dust production, and enrichment of the interstellar medium. With the aim of improving sets of stellar isochrones that include a detailed description of the TP-AGB phase, we extend our recent calibration of the AGB population in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) to the more metal-rich Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We model the LMC stellar populations with the trilegal code, using the spatially resolved star formation history derived from the VISTA survey. We characterize the efficiency of the third dredge-up by matching the star counts and the Ks-band luminosity functions of the AGB stars identified in the LMC. In line with previous findings, we confirm that, compared to the SMC, the third dredge-up in AGB stars of the LMC is somewhat less efficient, as a consequence of the higher metallicity. The predicted range of initial mass of C-rich stars is between Mi ≈ 1.7 and 3 M⊙ at Zi = 0.008. We show how the inclusion of new opacity data in the carbon star spectra will improve the performance of our models. We discuss the predicted lifetimes, integrated luminosities, and mass-loss rate distributions of the calibrated models. The results of our calibration are included in updated stellar isochrones publicly available.
Search for wormhole candidates in active galactic nuclei: radiation from colliding accreting flows
Authors: Piotrovich M Yu , Krasnikov S V , Buliga S D , Natsvlishvili T M 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The underlying hypothesis of this work is that the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are wormhole mouths rather than supermassive black holes. Under some – quite general – assumptions such wormholes may emit gamma radiation as a result of a collision of accreting flows inside the wormholes. This radiation has a distinctive spectrum much different from those of jets or accretion discs of AGNs. An observation of such radiation would serve as evidence of the existence of wormholes.
Effects of self-consistent rest-ultraviolet colours in semi-empirical galaxy formation models
Authors: Mirocha Jordan , Mason Charlotte , Stark Daniel P 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Connecting the observed rest-ultraviolet (UV) luminosities of high-z galaxies to their intrinsic luminosities (and thus star formation rates, SFRs) requires correcting for the presence of dust. We bypass a common dust-correction approach that uses empirical relationships between infrared (IR) emission and UV colours, and instead augment a semi-empirical model for galaxy formation with a simple – but self-consistent – dust model and use it to jointly fit high-z rest-UV luminosity functions (LFs) and colour–magnitude relations (MUV–β). In doing so, we find that UV colours evolve with redshift (at fixed UV magnitude), as suggested by observations, even in cases without underlying evolution in dust production, destruction, absorption, or geometry. The observed evolution in our model arises due to the reduction in the mean stellar age and rise in specific SFRs with increasing z. The UV extinction, AUV, evolves similarly with redshift, though we find a systematically shallower relation between AUV and MUV than that predicted by IRX–β relationships derived from z ∼ 3 galaxy samples. Finally, assuming that high $1600\hbox{-}{\mathring{\rm A}}$ transmission (≳0.6) is a reliable Ly α emitter (LAE) indicator, modest scatter in the effective dust surface density of galaxies can explain the evolution both in MUV–β and LAE fractions. These predictions are readily testable by deep surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope.
A quasar microlensing event towards J1249+3449?
Authors: De Paolis F , Nucita A A , Strafella F , Licchelli D , Ingrosso G 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We show that the optical flare event discovered by Graham et al. towards the active galactic nucleus J1249+3449 is fully consistent with being a quasar microlensing event due to a ≃0.1 M⊙ star, although other explanations, such as that, mainly supported by Graham et al., of being the electromagnetic counterpart associated with a binary black hole merger, cannot be completely excluded at present.
Enhanced DNA repair by DNA photolyase bearing an artificial light-harvesting chromophore
Authors: Terai Yuma , Sato Ryuma , Matsumura Risa , Iwai Shigenori , Yamamoto Junpei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhotolyases are flavoenzymes responsible for the repair of carcinogenic DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. They harbor the catalytic cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). The light-driven electron transfer from the excited state of the fully-reduced form of FAD to the DNA lesions causes rearrangement of the covalent bonds, leading to the restoration of intact nucleobases. In addition to the catalytic chromophore, some photolyases bear a secondary chromophore with better light absorption capability than FAD, acting as a light-harvesting chromophore that harvests photons in sunlight efficiently and transfers light energy to the catalytic center, as observed in natural photoreceptor proteins. Inspired by nature, we covalently and site-specifically attached a synthetic chromophore to the surface of photolyase using oligonucleotides containing a modified nucleoside and a cyclobutane-type DNA lesion, and successfully enhanced its enzymatic activity in the light-driven DNA repair. Peptide mapping in combination with theoretical calculations identified the amino acid residue that binds to the chromophore, working as an artificial light-harvesting chromophore. Our results broaden the strategies for protein engineering and provide a guideline for tuning of the light perception abilities and enzymatic activity of the photoreceptor proteins.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery With Versus Without Embolization for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Chen Ching-Jen , Ding Dale , Lee Cheng-Chia , Kearns Kathryn N , Pomeraniec I Jonathan , Cifarelli Christopher P , Arsanious David E , Liscak Roman , Hanuska Jaromir , Williams Brian J , Yusuf Mehran B , Woo Shiao Y , Ironside Natasha , Warnick Ronald E , Trifiletti Daniel M , Mathieu David , Mureb Monica , Benjamin Carolina , Kondziolka Douglas , Feliciano Caleb E , Rodriguez-Mercado Rafael , Cockroft Kevin M , Simon Scott , Mackley Heath B , Zammar Samer , Patel Neel T , Padmanaban Varun , Beatson Nathan , Saylany Anissa , Lee John , Sheehan Jason P ,   on behalf of the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prior comparisons of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with or without embolization were inherently flawed, due to differences in the pretreatment nidus volumes.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the outcomes of embolization and SRS, vs SRS alone for AVMs using pre-embolization malformation features.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed International Radiosurgery Research Foundation AVM databases from 1987 to 2018. Patients were categorized into the embolization and SRS (E + SRS) or SRS alone (SRS-only) cohorts. The 2 cohorts were matched in a 1:1 ratio using propensity scores. Primary outcome was defined as AVM obliteration. Secondary outcomes were post-SRS hemorrhage, all-cause mortality, radiologic and symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RIC), and cyst formation.

RESULTS
The matched cohorts each comprised 101 patients. Crude AVM obliteration rates were similar between the matched E + SRS vs SRS-only cohorts (48.5% vs 54.5%; odds ratio = 0.788, P = .399). Cumulative probabilities of obliteration at 3, 4, 5, and 6 yr were also similar between the E + SRS (33.0%, 46.4%, 56.2%, and 60.8%, respectively) and SRS-only (32.9%, 46.2%, 56.0%, and 60.6%, respectively) cohorts (subhazard ratio (SHR) = 1.005, P = .981). Cumulative probabilities of radiologic RIC at 3, 4, 5, and 6 yr were lower in the E + SRS (25.0%, 25.7%, 26.7%, and 26.7%, respectively) vs SRS-only (45.3%, 46.2%, 47.8%, and 47.8%, respectively) cohort (SHR = 0.478, P = .004). Symptomatic and asymptomatic embolization-related complication rates were 8.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Rates of post-SRS hemorrhage, all-cause mortality, symptomatic RIC, and cyst formation were similar between the matched cohorts.

CONCLUSION
This study refutes the prevalent notion that AVM embolization negatively affects the likelihood of obliteration after SRS.
Risk of Brain Herniation After Craniotomy With Preoperative Lumbar Spinal Drainage: A Single-Surgeon Experience of 365 Patients Among 3000 Major Cranial Cases
Authors: Lane Brandon C , Scranton Robert , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Lumbar spinal drainage (LSD) can significantly facilitate brain relaxation and improve ease of surgical goals for a variety of neurosurgical indications. Although rapid drainage of large volumes of spinal fluid can theoretically produce shifts in brain compartments and herniation syndromes, the clinical significance of this phenomenon when LSD is used immediately before craniotomy is unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To report a large single-surgeon consecutive experience with symptomatic brain herniation after lumbar drainage before craniotomy.

METHODS
Included were 365 patients who underwent LSD with either lumbar drain or lumbar puncture for a variety of different neurosurgical pathologies between 2008 and 2018 immediately before craniotomy. We reviewed the surgical indications, craniotomy location, approach, type of LSD, presence of postoperative brain herniation on imaging, type of herniation, clinical symptoms, lesion pathology, and 30-d modified Rankin Scale score for each patient.

RESULTS
There was no patient who suffered from the development of new or worsening symptomatic or radiological brain herniation directly related to use of immediate preoperative LSD. This included 204 supratentorial and 161 infratentorial procedures. Surgical indications included 188 tumors, 5 aneurysms, 37 arteriovenous malformations, 2 revascularization procedures, 97 microvascular decompressions, 10 optic nerve decompressions requiring extradural clinoidectomy for tumor removal, and 26 “other” pathologies.

CONCLUSION
Brain herniation did not occur postoperatively with the use of immediate preoperative LSD in our series, regardless of craniotomy location, pathology, extent of mass effect, or approach. Our experience suggests that LSD is a potentially safe preoperative adjunct that can be used to facilitate surgical objectives.
The application of artificial intelligence and radiomics in lung cancer
Authors: Zhou Yaojie , Xu Xiuyuan , Song Lujia , Wang Chengdi , Guo Jixiang , Yi Zhang , Li Weimin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most leading causes of death throughout the world, and there is an urgent requirement for the precision medical management of it. Artificial intelligence (AI) consisting of numerous advanced techniques has been widely applied in the field of medical care. Meanwhile, radiomics based on traditional machine learning also does a great job in mining information through medical images. With the integration of AI and radiomics, great progress has been made in the early diagnosis, specific characterization, and prognosis of lung cancer, which has aroused attention all over the world. In this study, we give a brief review of the current application of AI and radiomics for precision medical management in lung cancer.
Isolation by geographical distance after release from Pleistocene refugia explains genetic and phenotypic variation in Xylotrupes siamensis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Morgan Brett , Huang Jen-Pan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Consistent and objective species delimitation is crucial to biodiversity studies, but challenges remain when conflicting taxonomic decisions have been made because different data sets and analytical methods were used to delineate species. In the rhinoceros beetle, Xylotrupes siamensis, the use of different morphological characters has resulted in taxonomic disagreement between studies. We used three molecular loci (mitochondrial CO1 and nuclear ITS2 and H3) to investigate the genetic divergence between populations exhibiting different male horn phenotypes. We also applied an approximate Bayesian computation approach to test alternative historical hypotheses that might explain the present genetic diversity among geographical populations. Furthermore, we used species distribution models to estimate the temporal variation in the geographical distribution of suitable habitats. The results show that the two phenotypic taxa within X. siamensis are not genetically structured and that their genetic structure can be explained using isolation by geographical distance. The emergence of the two phenotypic taxa might have been associated with historical isolation in separate refugia. However, spatial expansion and genetic interchange between populations might have gradually eroded the spatial genetic structure. We demonstrate that understanding the historical processes responsible for phenotypic divergence and genetic diversity among current populations could help with making evolutionarily coherent taxonomic decisions.
Association of Umbilical Cord Milking Versus Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping With Death or Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage Among Preterm Infants
Authors: Katheria A. , Reister F. , Essers J. , Mendler M. , Hummler H. , Subramaniam A. , Carlo W. , Tita A. , Truong G. , Davis-Nelson S. , Schmölzer G. , Chari R. , Kaempf J. , Tomlinson M. , Yanowitz T. , Beck S. , Simhan H. , Dempsey E. , O'Donoghue K. , Bhat S. , Hoffman M. , Faksh A. , Arnell K. , Rich W. , Finer N. , Vaucher Y. , Khanna P. , Meyers M. , Varner M. , Allman P. , Szychowski J. , Cutter G. 
Published: August 2020

(JAMA. 2019;322:1877–1886)
Umbilical cord milking has been cited as an alternative to delayed umbilical cord clamping, which is the current standard of care. Like delayed umbilical cord clamping, umbilical cord milking provides placental transfusion that has been associated with neonatal benefits, including fewer deaths in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to examine whether umbilical cord milking was noninferior to delayed umbilical cord clamping in preterm infants.
Exemplary Segmented Regression Methods Conclude That New Anesthesia Intervention Improves Detection of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Mascha E.J. 
Published: August 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:854–856)
While a leading cause of maternal morbidity worldwide, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is thought to be quite preventable. Thus, new preventative policies and procedures are warranted. The above study by Lumbreras-Marquez examined the association between the detection of PPH after vaginal deliveries (VDs), and the implementation of a new device that combines volumetric and gravimetric measurements of blood loss. The authors hypothesized that a transition from visual estimation of blood loss, to a device that utilizes volumetric and gravimetric measurements of blood loss would increase the odds of detecting PPH following a VD.
Planned Early Delivery or Expectant Management for Late Preterm Preeclampsia (PHOENIX): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chappell L.C. , Brocklehurst P. , Green M.E. , Hunter R. , Hardy P. , Juszczak E. , Linsell L. , Chiocchia V. , Greenland M. , Placzek A. , Townend J. , Marlow N. , Sandall J. , Shennan A. 
Published: August 2020

(Lancet. 2019;394:1181–1190)
Preeclampsia occurs in 2% to 3% of pregnant women and is associated with substantial maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Prompt delivery is the recommended management for preeclamptic women after 37 weeks’ gestation, as this will decrease the risk of maternal complications while minimally affecting risk to the neonate at this gestational age. However, it is unclear what the best management strategy is for women who develop preeclampsia between 34 and 37 weeks’ gestation. In these cases, complications related to expectant management (EM), such as stillbirth or worsening fetal growth restriction and increased maternal morbidity associated with continuing the pregnancy, must be weighed against the neonatal complications associated with early delivery (infant immaturity). Current guidelines in the UK recommend EM until 37 weeks’ gestation, with earlier delivery if severe preeclampsia or other complications arise. This study from the UK compared earlier initiation of delivery with EM in women diagnosed with preeclampsia between 34 and <37 weeks gestation.
Elective Induction of Labor at 39 Weeks Compared With Expectant Management: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Grobman W.A. , Caughey A.B. 
Published: August 2020

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221:304–310)
Obstetric care providers previously believed that elective induction of labor for low-risk nulliparous women at full term would increase the likelihood of cesarean delivery, but recent research disputes this belief. Recently, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), supported by the Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), created a Practice Advisory that approved elective induction for low-risk nulliparous women at 39 weeks gestation. The aim of this study was to analyze observational studies on elective induction of labor at 39 weeks’ gestation versus expectant management at 39 weeks to determine the relationship between elective induction and cesarean delivery as well as perinatal and maternal outcomes.
The Association Between Induction of Labor at 38 to 39 Weeks Pregnancy and Indication for Cesarean Delivery: An Observational Study
Authors: de Vries B.S. , McGeechan K. , Barratt A. , Tooher J. , Wong E. , Phipps H. , Gordon A. , Hyett J.A. 
Published: August 2020

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;59:791–798)
The cesarean delivery (CD) rate in Australia is ∼34%, and the most common indication for a woman’s first cesarean is slow labor progress. Another 29% of women undergo labor induction. Previous studies have demonstrated that induction of labor (IOL) reduces the risk of CD at 40 weeks gestation or later. Until recently there has been limited research assessing effects of labor induction on CD rate before 40 weeks gestation. Some recent observational studies have found no increased risk of CD in women who underwent IOL before 40 weeks gestation, while perinatal mortality was improved. A large randomized trial reported a reduced CD rate when induction was performed at 39 weeks gestation. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of IOL in reducing the risk of CD in women at 38 to 39 weeks gestation; it also evaluated the association between IOL and adverse outcomes.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Versus Placebo in Women With Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (PITCHES): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chappell L.C. , Bell J.L. , Smith A. , Linsell L. , Juszczak E. , Dixon P.H. , Chambers J. , Hunter R. , Dorling J. , Williamson C. , Thornton J.G. 
Published: August 2020

(Lancet. 2019;394:849–860)
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is the most common pregnancy-specific liver disorder and is associated with increased rates of preterm birth, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and, for women with peak serum bile acid concentrations of ≥100 μmol/L, stillbirth. Ursodeoxycholic acid, a naturally occurring bile acid, is used to treat hepatobiliary disorders in nonpregnant patients and is widely recommended for the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. However, there is only a small amount of evidence available supporting its use for this pregnancy disorder. This current trial aimed to investigate whether the use of ursodeoxycholic acid for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy reduced adverse perinatal outcomes, and examined its effects on other short-term maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Technique for Maintenance of Labor Analgesia: Does It Work for Everyone?
Authors: Wong C.A. , Mercier F.J. 
Published: August 2020

(Br J Anaesth. 2019;123:e190–e193)
Care providers have always worked to provide adequate pain management during childbirth, and neuraxial labor analgesia has been found to be the most effective method of pain relief. Because this delivery method is maintained over long periods of time during labor and delivery, there has been much discussion on the effect of labor analgesia on labor outcomes. While neuraxial labor analgesia has not been found to elevate the risk of cesarean delivery, there is a greater risk for instrumental vaginal delivery due to motor block of the abdominal or pelvic muscles. Wong and colleagues argued that there are many factors involved with epidural analgesia such as anesthetic agents, adjuvant drugs, differing dosages, and various maintenance techniques, and that altering these factors to meet individual needs can reduce the risk of instrumental vaginal delivery and improve labor outcomes.
Comparison of Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses With Continuous Epidural Infusion for the Maintenance of Labor Analgesia: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Ojo O.A. , Mehdiratta J.E. , Gamez B.H. , Hunting J. , Habib A.S. 
Published: August 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:426–435)
Continuous epidural infusion (CEI) for labor analgesia is highly effective and reduces the workload for providers compared with provider-administered boluses. Local anesthetic consumption is also higher with CEI, however, which may lead to complications in delivery. Programmed intermittent epidural boluses (PIEB) with patient-controlled analgesia may reduce local anesthetic consumption compared with CEI while improving patient satisfaction. Previous studies comparing PIEB using commercially available pumps with continuous infusion yielded unclear results. This was a randomized prospective study comparing CEI with PIEB in terms of labor analgesia and maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Preliminary Findings and Outcomes Associated With the Use of a Continuous Spinal Protocol for Labor Pain Relief Following Accidental Dural Puncture
Authors: Izquierdo M. , Wang X.F. , Wagner K. , Prada C. , Torres A. , Bolden N. 
Published: August 2020

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;44:1098–1103)
Anesthesiologists vary in their management of accidental dural puncture (ADP) and associated postdural puncture headache (PDPH). Possible interventions following ADP include the insertion of a spinal catheter or the administration of intrathecal normal saline. While each of these interventions has been studied alone, combining them into a single continuous spinal protocol for labor pain relief has not been evaluated. This study aimed to compare the outcomes after an ADP of using a standardized continuous spinal protocol versus resiting the epidural catheter.
Neuraxial Labor Analgesia Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Maternal Depression at 2 Years After Childbirth: A Multicenter, Prospective, Longitudinal Study
Authors: Liu Z.-H. , He S.H. , Deng C.M. , Ding T. , Xu M.J. , Wang L. , Li X.Y. , Wang D.X. 
Published: August 2020

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36:745–754)
Postpartum depression affects ∼20% of mothers in the first 3 months following childbirth, and can have significant long-term adverse effects. While many factors contribute to postpartum depression, intense labor pain is thought to be a risk factor. The use of epidural labor analgesia has been associated with a decreased risk of postpartum depression, but its impact on long-term depression is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether neuraxial labor analgesia was associated with a reduced risk of maternal depression at 2 years postpartum.