bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The representativeness of a semi-random sampling method for animal welfare assessments on mink farms
Authors: Marsbøll AF , Henriksen BIF , Møller SH 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study we present a semi-random sampling method developed for the sampling of mink (Neovison vison) for on-farm welfare assessments according to the WelFur-Mink system. The only information required for implementation of this method is the number of cages in use in each shed on the farm. The representativeness of samples selected with this method was evaluated in relation to the physical characteristics of the farm and the mink characteristics by simulated sampling on a farm with a complicated structure in the growth period. The selection of 10,000 samples was simulated. The trueness was, in general, high, ie the method has no systematic skewness. The precision was low for certain factors due to the high variation within sheds. The sampling in sections of six adjacent cages means that it is often not possible to select a sample which is an exact representation of the mink and their housing environment. If accepting a deviation of ± one cage section, the estimated probability of selecting a representative sample was high for most of the individual factors. However, the estimated probability of selecting a sample that is representative according to all factors was rather low. This deviation from exact representativeness ought to be evaluated in the light of the increased feasibility and repeatability offered by the method. Also, we expect that the representativeness of samples selected with this method will be higher on other less-complicated farms. We suggest that this simple method balances feasibility and representative sampling in a way that makes it useful in the WelFur-Mink system.
Alumnas, maestras y cantantes: La formación vocal de las mujeres en el siglo XIX en España
Authors: Morales Villar María del Coral 
Published: December 2019

La profesión de cantante en el siglo XIX permitía a las mujeres optar a una realidad social distinta al ideal doméstico femenino. Aquellas que destacaban por sus dotes vocales o querían desarrollar su sensibilidad artística, podían acceder a la enseñanza oficial o privada del canto. El objetivo de este estudio es destacar la importancia de la actividad que desempeñaron las mujeres en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del canto en el siglo XIX en España, pese a las limitaciones de la época. Para ello, nos centramos en dos instituciones representativas de la formación vocal: el Conservatorio de Madrid en el sistema público y la Escuela Lírico-Dramática de ámbito privado. Esta investigación se basa en la revisión y análisis de documentación, en su mayoría histórica, a través de la que se ha reconstruido el tipo de enseñanza vocal al que tenían acceso las mujeres, su papel dentro del sistema educativo y las salidas profesionales de estos estudios. Aunque durante el periodo formativo existían pocas diferencias entre ambos sexos, la escasa presencia de maestras de canto en los claustros docentes, la limitación para impartir clase a los cantantes masculinos y los escasos foros para publicar sus métodos didácticos, evidencian el largo camino que quedaba por recorrer hacia la igualdad de género.
Kinetic‐Oriented Construction of MoS2 Synergistic Interface to Boost pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hu Jue , Zhang Chengxu , Yang Peng , Xiao Jingyi , Deng Tao , Liu Zhiyong , Huang Bolong , Leung Michael K. H. , Yang Shihe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs a prerequisite for a sustainable energy economy in the future, designing earth‐abundant MoS2 catalysts with a comparable hydrogen evolution catalytic performance in both acidic and alkaline environments is still an urgent challenge. Decreasing the energy barriers could enhance the catalysts' activity but is not often a strategy for doing so. Here, the first kinetic‐oriented design of the MoS2‐based heterostructure is presented for pH‐universal hydrogen evolution catalysis by optimizing the electronic structure based on the simultaneous modulation of the 3d‐band‐offsets of Ni, Co, and Mo near the interface. Benefiting from this desirable electronic structure, the obtained MoS2/CoNi2S4 catalyst achieves an ultralow overpotential of 78 and 81 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and turnover frequency as high as 2.7 and 1.7 s−1 at the overpotential of 200 mV in alkaline and acidic media, respectively. The MoS2/CoNi2S4 catalyst represents one of the best hydrogen evolution reaction performing ones among MoS2‐based catalysts reported to date in both alkaline and acidic environments, and equally important is the remarkable long‐term stability with negligible activity loss after maintaining at 10 mA cm−2 for 48 h in both acid and base. This work highlights the potential to deeply understand and rationally design highly efficient pH‐universal electrocatalysts for future energy storage and delivery.
Stable Triple Cation Perovskite Precursor for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Interaction with 18C6 Stabilizer
Authors: Wu Xiayan , Jiang Yue , Chen Cong , Guo Jiali , Kong Xiangyu , Feng Yancong , Wu Sujuan , Gao Xingsen , Lu Xubing , Wang Qianming , Zhou Guofu , Chen Yiwang , Liu Jun‐Ming , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTriple cation perovskites (Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3) have received lots of attention owing to the excellent stability and photovoltaic performance. However, the development toward efficient solar cells has been significantly impeded by its intrinsic precursor instability, as well as defective crystal surface. Herein, a strategy for introducing the additive of 1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18C6) in the precursor solution, rendering an excellent stability of more than one month, and the defect passivation effect on the crystal surface are demonstrated. In those perovskite solar cells, a power conversion efficiency of 20.73% has been achieved with a substantially improved open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. As evidenced by the density functional theory calculations, the fundamental reason relating to the enhanced performance is found to be the interaction effect between the 18C6 and cations, and in particular the formation of the 18C6/Pb complex. This finding represents an alternative strategy for achieving a stable precursor solution and efficient perovskite solar cells.
A Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Biodegradable Mesoporous Nanosystem for Anti‐Inflammation and Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Wu Jianrong , Niu Shiwei , Bremner David H. , Nie Wei , Fu Zi , Li Dejian , Zhu Li‐Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA nanoplatform that integrates diagnostic and therapeutic functions with intrinsic tumor microenvironment‐responsive biodegradability is highly desired. Herein, a biodegradable nanotheranostic agent based on hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs), followed by encapsulating of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) inhibitor is described. Then, the pore‐engineering including gating with bovine serum albumin‐iridium oxide nanoparticles (BSA‐IrO2) and conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is conducted to yield 17AAG@HMONs‐BSA‐IrO2‐PEG (AHBIP) nanotheranostics for multimode computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustic (PA) imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) and low‐temperature photothermal therapy (PTT). Such nanoplatforms show extraordinary photothermal conversion efficiency, high cargo loading (35.4% for 17AAG), and stimuli‐responsive release of 17AAG for inhibition of Hsp90, which induces cell apoptosis at low‐temperatures (≈41 °C). Also, the IrO2 simultaneously endows the nanotheranostics with catalytic activity in triggering the decomposition of H2O2 into O2 and thus reducing the tumor hypoxia, as well as protecting normal tissues against H2O2‐induced inflammation. AHBIP shows good photocatalysis activity for PDT as a result of the generation of superoxide anion by laser irradiation. The resulting AHBIP‐mediated synergistic PTT/PDT offers an outstanding therapeutic outcome both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, the incorporation of the BSA‐IrO2 and biodegradable HMONs into one nanoplatform has great potential for clinical applications.
Adaptive Liquid Interfacially Assembled Protein Nanosheets for Guiding Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate
Authors: Jia Xiaofang , Minami Kosuke , Uto Koichiro , Chang Alice Chinghsuan , Hill Jonathan P. , Nakanishi Jun , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the development of dynamic adaptive biomaterials for regulation of cellular functions. However, existing materials are limited to two‐state switching of the presentation and removal of cell‐adhesive bioactive motifs that cannot emulate the native extracellular matrix (ECM) in vivo with continuously adjustable characteristics. Here, tunable adaptive materials composed of a protein monolayer assembled at a liquid–liquid interface are demonstrated, which adapt dynamically to cell traction forces. An ultrastructure transition from protein monolayer to hierarchical fiber occurs through interfacial jamming. Elongated fibronectin fibers promote formation of elongated focal adhesion structures, increase focal adhesion kinase activation, and enhance neuronal differentiation of stem cells. Cell traction force results in spatial rearrangement of ECM proteins, which feeds back to alter stem cell fate. The reported biomimetic adaptive liquid interface enables dynamic control of stem cell behavior and has potential translational applications.
Probing Polaritons in 2D Materials with Synchrotron Infrared Nanospectroscopy
Authors: Barcelos Ingrid D. , Bechtel Hans A. , de Matos Christiano J. S. , Bahamon Dario A. , Kaestner Bernd , Maia Francisco C. B. , Freitas Raul O. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPolaritons, which are quasiparticles composed of a photon coupled to an electric or magnetic dipole, are a major focus in nanophotonic research of van der Waals (vdW) crystals and their derived 2D materials. For the variety of existing vdW materials, polaritons can be active in a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum (meVs to eVs) and exhibit momenta much higher than the corresponding free‐space radiation. Hence, the use of high momentum broadband sources or probes is imperative to excite those quasiparticles and measure the frequency‐momentum dispersion relations, which provide insights into polariton dynamics. Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS) is a technique that combines the nanoscale spatial resolution of scattering‐type scanning near‐field optical microscopy with ultrabroadband synchrotron infrared radiation, making it highly suitable to probe and characterize a variety of vdW polaritons. Here, the advances enabled by SINS on the study of key photonic attributes of far‐ and mid‐infrared plasmon‐ and phonon‐polaritons in vdW and 2D crystals are reviewed. In that context the SINS technique is comprehensively described and it is demonstrated how fundamental polaritonic properties are retrieved for a range of atomically thin systems including hBN, MoS2, graphene and 2D heterostructures.
Creation and Annihilation of Nonradiative Recombination Centers in Polycrystalline Metal Halide Perovskites by Alternating Electric Field and Light
Authors: Chen Ruiyun , Li Jun , Dobrovolsky Alexander , González‐Carrero Soranyel , Gerhard Marina , Messing Maria E. , Chirvony Vladimir , Pérez‐Prieto Julia , Scheblykin Ivan G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are promising optoelectronic materials. Their electronic properties however are rather unstable which is often assigned to ion migration. Ion migration can be readily influenced by an electric field (EF). Here, the response of photoluminescence (PL) of individual MAPbX3 (MA = CH3NH3, X = I, Br) sub‐micrometer‐sized polycrystals to EF is studied. Alternating EF with frequency higher than 10 Hz is found to reversibly quench PL. It is proposed that an alternating EF when applied together with light increases ion migration. This leads to a shift in the equilibrium between creation and annihilation of defects toward higher concentration of nonradiative recombination centers. The PL quenching is found to increase with increasing frequency of the field. This can be rationalized by the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, leading to stronger internal fields for high modulation frequencies compared to, e.g., a constant EF with the same external amplitude. PL quenching and enhancement observed under constant EF are hypothesized to be due to a reconfiguration of already existing nonradiative recombination centers situated on grain boundaries. The control of perovskite PL by alternating EF reported here can find applications in optoelectronic devices.
Multifunctional Silanization Interface for High‐Energy and Low‐Gassing Lithium Metal Pouch Cells
Authors: Gao Yuliang , Guo Manyi , Yuan Kai , Shen Chao , Ren Zengying , Zhang Kun , Zhao Hui , Qiao Fahong , Gu Jinlei , Qi Yaqin , Xie Keyu , Wei Bingqing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLithium (Li) metal has attracted unprecedented attention as the ultimate anode material for future rechargeable batteries, but the electrochemical behavior (such as Li dendrites and gassing problems) in real Li metal pouch cells has received little attention. To achieve realistic high‐energy Li metal batteries, the designed solid electrolyte interface to suppress both Li dendrites and catastrophic gassing problems is urgently needed at cell level. Here, an efficient multifunctional silanization interface (MSI) is proposed for high‐energy Li metal pouch cells. Such an MSI not only guides uniform nucleation and growth of Li metal but also suppresses interfacial parasitic reactions between Li metal and electrolyte. As a result, under harsh conditions (negative to positive electrode capacity ratio of 2.96 and electrolyte weight to cathode capacity ratio of 2.7 g Ah−1), a long‐running lifespan (over 160 cycles with a capacity retention of 96% at 1 C), and low‐gassing behavior of realistic high‐energy Li metal pouch cell (1 Ah, 300 Wh kg−1) is achieved. This work opens a promising avenue toward the commercial applications of high‐energy Li metal batteries.
Characterizing the effect of exposure to microgravity on anemia: more space is worse
Authors: Trudel Guy , Shafer Jessica , Laneuville Odette , Ramsay Tim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effects of space travel have renewed importance with space tourism and plans for long‐term missions to the moon and Mars. The study of space anemia is limited by the availability of subjects and extreme conditions. An approach using the accumulated data on human space flight may characterize space anemia. A total of 17 336 hemoglobin (Hb) concentration measures from 721 space missions and controls were used to study acute and long‐term effects of duration of exposure to space on Hb decrement. Nearly half of astronauts (48%) landing after long duration missions were anemic. Returning to Earth revealed Hb decrements whose magnitude and time to recover were dependent on exposure to space: −0.61 g/dL (4%), −0.82 g/dL (5%) and −1.66 g/dL (11%) of preflight Hb for mean exposure to space of 5.4, 11.5, and 145 days, respectively. Astronauts returning from a mean 5.4 days in space took 24 days to return to preflight Hb while astronauts 11.5 to 145 days in space took 49 days. Negative effects of microgravity on Hb persisted throughout female and male astronautsʼ terrestrial lives (−0.001 and −0.002 mg/dL Hb respectively) for every day spent in space (both P < .05). The negative effect of exposure to space was not overcome by a statistically significant effect of being an astronaut compared to controls. Exposure to space showed a dose‐response relationship with acute and chronic Hb decrements. Space anemia contributes to the deconditioning of astronauts returning to Earth, and needs to be considered for space travel to other planets, space tourism and for the care of bedridden patients who present similar changes as astronauts.
(NH4)Bi2(IO3)2F5: An Unusual Ammonium‐Containing Metal Iodate Fluoride Showing Strong Second Harmonic Generation Response and Thermochromic Behavior
Authors: Fan Huixin , Lin Chensheng , Chen Kaichuang , Peng Guang , Li Bingxuan , Zhang Ge , Long Xifa , Ye Ning 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn ammonium‐containing metal iodate fluoride compound, (NH4)Bi2(IO3)2F5, featuring a two‐dimensional double‐layered framework constructed by [BiO2F5]6− and [BiO4F4]9− polyhedra, as well as [IO3]− groups, was successfully synthesized. The well‐ordered alignment of these SHG‐active units leads to an extraordinary strong SHG response of 9.2 times that of KDP. Moreover, this compound possesses a large birefringence (Δn=0.0690 at 589.3 nm), a wide energy band gap (Eg=3.88 eV), and a high laser damage threshold (LDT; 40.2×AgGaS2). In particular, thermochromic behavior was observed for the first time in this type of compound. Such multifunctional crystals will expand the application of nonlinear optical materials.
Hemipenial morphology of nine South American species of Mabuya (Scincidae: Lygosominae) with comments on the morphology of the family
Authors: Sánchez‐Martínez Paola María , Ramírez‐Pinilla Martha Patricia , Meneses‐Pelayo Elson , Nunes Pedro M. Sales 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpecies of the genus Mabuya are barely recognizable because of their highly conservative external morphology, resulting in unstable systematic and taxonomic status. Considering that hemipenial morphology has been extensively used as a source of systematic information for several groups of Squamata, we described the hemipenial morphology of nine species of Mabuya, searching for diagnostic features useful to taxonomic and systematic studies. To have comparative parameters within the family, we also presented the description of the hemipenes of two other Scincidae species (i.e., Trachylepis atlantica and Tiliqua rugosa). This information, together with the available literature, was analyzed in a comparative framework, allowing us to define some variation for the genus and family. The hemipenial morphology of the species of Mabuya studied is very conservative; features that show subtle variation were the shape of the protuberances present on the asulcate face of the hemipenial body and the presence and type of a lateral fold, on the body. Also, within the family, some variation was found in the shape and length of lobes, length of branches of the sulcus spermaticus, and in the kind of folds and protuberances in both faces of the lobes and hemipenial body. Although these features were not tested in a systematic context, this information suggested variations in hemipenial morphology that could contribute to taxonomic diagnostics and phylogenetic characters. The importance of obtaining proper preparations for gathering accurate information is emphasized, and the use of fresh‐killed specimens that shows fewer difficulties for the procedures of preparation is highly recommended.
Pressure loss coefficients for large‐diameter mitered elbows
Authors: Coombs Hayden J. , Johnson Michael C. , Sharp Zachary B. , Barfuss Steven L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractData are readily available for pressure loss coefficients of various valves, meters, and pipe fittings. However, there are little to no data for large‐diameter mitered elbows. This study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with minimal laboratory data to determine pressure loss coefficients of large‐diameter mitered elbows with dimensions that follow ANSI/AWWA C208‐17 recommendations. The CFD methods were compared with physical data to determine the accuracy of the CFD simulations. The results suggest pressure loss coefficients are solely dependent on Reynolds number. Tabulated data and formulas for pressure loss coefficients of large‐diameter mitered data are set forth for engineering use.
Impact of histotypes on preferential organ‐specific metastasis in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Li Yaming , Su Peng , Wang Yifei , Zhang Hanwen , Liang Yiran , Zhang Ning , Song Xiaojin , Li Xiaoyan , Li Jie , Yang Qifeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe distant metastasis was the most predictive characters of poor prognosis for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between patient characters and preferential distant metastatic sites (DMS) and its effects on prognosis.MethodsUsing the 2010‐2014 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) data, patients with TNBC were classified into eight histologic subtypes. Patient characters were compared using a chi‐squared test. Logistic regression was used for identification of predictive factors. The log‐rank testing was utilized with disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) as the primary outcomes.ResultsA total of 23 270 patients with TNBC were involved, including 1544 patients with distant metastatic cancer. Bone metastasis was diagnosed in 559 cases, brain metastasis in 124 cases, liver metastasis found in 369 cases and lung metastasis in 492 cases. Histologic subtypes including metaplastic breast carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma showed significant differences in preferential DMS compared with invasive ductal carcinoma. Furthermore, we found different histologic subtypes with specific DMS showed various prognosis. We also evaluated different DMS of specific histologic subtypes showed different prognosis.ConclusionCertain histologic subtypes of breast cancer are associated with preferential DMS and prognosis; this knowledge may help to further understand the mechanism of breast cancer metastasis and to monitor the prognosis of patients with TNBC.
MTFP1 overexpression promotes the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inducing ROS production
Authors: Xiao Tingying , Sun Jian , Xing Zhankui , Xie Fuqiang , Yang Lan , Ding Wenjuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMitochondrial fission process 1 (MTFP1) is a novel nuclear‐encoded protein that promotes mitochondrial fission. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that increased mitochondrial fission is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. However, the expression and biological effects of MTFP1 in cancer development is still unclear, especially in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we first evaluated the expression of MTFP1 in 12‐paired OSCC tumor and peritumor tissues. We then explored the effects of MTFP1 knockdown or overexpression on cell growth by cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis assays. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which MTFP1 promoted OSCC cell growth were explored. Our results showed that MTFP1 is frequently overexpressed in OSCC tissues. Functional experiments revealed that MTFP1 promoted the growth of OSCC cells by inducing the progression of cell cycle and suppressing cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, MTFP1 overexpression‐mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and subsequent ROS production was found to be involved in the promotion of OSCC cell growth. Collectively, our study demonstrates that MTFP1 plays a critical oncogenic role in OSCC carcinogenesis, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of this malignance.