bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking professional capital with facilitating in school teams
Authors: Mac Anita , Albertsen Karen 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe project “Public schools in change – collaboration as a resource” was aimed to strengthen professional capital (social- human- and decision-capital) in public schools and as a part of this to strengthen collaboration within teams. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the approach of linking development of professional capital to the development of team competence through facilitating and discuss the adequacy of the methods used to fulfil the purpose.Design/methodology/approachThis study was designed as a multiple case intervention implemented at four worksites. It was organized as a course consisting of four sessions among 15–20 team coordinators from each school unit. The research group provided insights and methods to increase the team’s ability to manage tasks and cooperate.FindingsBased on observations of team meetings, the study provides a discussion on the usefulness of the approach of linking team competence and professional capital. Both at theoretical and practical levels, the study finds it is meaningful to combine facilitating as methods to ensure the creation of value in organizational teamwork, in general, with the concept of professional capital pointing on the quality of the core task and particularly developed within an educational context.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provide a presentation of two theoretical frameworks and a discussion of the adequacy of linking these frameworks to the development of team competences in a school context.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that organizations and educational institutions (of teachers, physicians, and social workers) may benefit from linking professional capital and facilitating and thereby provide employees and students training in professional collaboration.Social implicationsIn a still more complex society, collaboration is crucial. The study suggests ways to improve collaboration, quality of the core task along with the relational dimensions in the psychosocial work environment.Originality/valueDevelopment of professional capital through increased team competences and facilitating skills represents a new and promising approach with theoretical as well as practical implications within a school context. Indeed, not only school teams but also teams in other organizations dealing with social- task- and contextual complexity can benefit from the insights and experiences of this study.
Testosterone‐mediated behaviour shapes the emergent properties of social networks
Authors: Dakin Roslyn , Moore Ignacio T. , Horton Brent M. , Vernasco Ben J. , Ryder T. Brandt 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSocial networks can vary in their organization and dynamics, with implications for ecological and evolutionary processes. Understanding the mechanisms that drive social network dynamics requires integrating individual‐level biology with comparisons across multiple social networks.Testosterone is a key mediator of vertebrate social behaviour and can influence how individuals interact with social partners. Although the effects of testosterone on individual behaviour are well established, no study has examined whether hormone‐mediated behaviour can scale up to shape the emergent properties of social networks.We investigated the relationship between testosterone and social network dynamics in the wire‐tailed manakin, a lekking bird species in which male–male social interactions form complex social networks. We used an automated proximity system to longitudinally monitor several leks and we quantified the social network structure at each lek. Our analysis examines three emergent properties of the networks—social specialization (the extent to which a network is partitioned into exclusive partnerships), network stability (the overall persistence of partnerships through time) and behavioural assortment (the tendency for like to associate with like). All three properties are expected to promote the evolution of cooperation. As the predictor, we analysed the collective testosterone of males within each social network.Social networks that were composed of high‐testosterone dominant males were less specialized, less stable and had more negative behavioural assortment, after accounting for other factors. These results support our main hypothesis that individual‐level hormone physiology can predict group‐level network dynamics. We also observed that larger leks with more interacting individuals had more positive behavioural assortment, suggesting that small groups may constrain the processes of homophily and behaviour‐matching.Overall, these results provide evidence that hormone‐mediated behaviour can shape the broader architecture of social groups. Groups with high average testosterone exhibit social network properties that are predicted to impede the evolution of cooperation.
Adoption and economic impacts of laser land leveling in the irrigated rice‐wheat system in Haryana, India using endogenous switching regression
Authors: Aryal Jeetendra P. , Khatri‐Chhetri Arun , Sapkota Tek B. , Rahut Dil B. , Erenstein Olaf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study assesses the factors affecting the adoption of laser land leveling (LLL) and its impact on crop yields and net returns. It uses household survey data collected from 621 randomly selected farmers in Karnal District of Haryana, India, and applies endogenous switching regression models. Unbiased model results show that the adoption of LLL has significant positive impacts on yields (rice +549 kg ha−1; wheat +471 kg ha−1) and net returns (an aggregate increase of US$230/ha) in the rice‐wheat production system, thereby raising farmers' income substantially. Our results show that LLL adoption at the farm level is influenced by land size and quality, tenure system, availability of farm machinery (tractor), access to finance and farm cooperatives, gender of household head, level of education and training and access to extension services. Therefore, LLL scaling strategies need to consider these bio‐physical and socio‐economic parameters to reach adoption at scale and generate large social, economic, and environmental benefits.
Positional Asphyxia in Opioid‐Related Deaths: Is It Being Overlooked?
Authors: deJong Joyce L. , Lee Jenelle , Grande Abigail , Huffman Cuyler , Bielby Chloe , Brown Theodore 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe contribution of positional asphyxia in opioid‐related deaths is currently unknown. Diagnostic criteria for positional asphyxia include finding the decedent in a position that does not allow for adequate respiration and an inability to extricate themselves from the position due to various conditions. Our primary objective was to assess whether positional asphyxia and the resulting airway compromise were a contributing factor to death due to the toxic effects of opioids. We evaluated 225 deaths where the death scene investigation contained adequate information to evaluate for positional asphyxia and performed a Pearson chi‐square test to determine if the proportion of deaths found in an airway compromising position was higher when opioid(s) caused the death. The proportion of decedents found in a potential airway compromising position was greater when the death was related to opioid use (p < 0.0001). Further, narrowing the dataset to decedents who were definitely in an airway compromising position [Yes (24.49%) vs. No (11.02%)] showed a statistically significant association between positional asphyxia and deaths related to opioid use (p = 0.0021). Carefully documenting the position in which the decedent was initially found may be a significant factor in accurate reporting and in harm reduction efforts to decrease the opioid mortality rate.
Fast Discrimination of Marijuana using Automated High‐throughput Cannabis Sample Preparation and Analysis by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Horne Melissa , Mastrianni Kaylee R. , Amick Gray , Hardy Rachel , Renneker Elissa , Miller Kevin W.P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the United States, federal law and many state laws differentiate between marijuana and industrial hemp through delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels, whereby the latter is defined as ≤0.3 percent THC on a dry weight basis. Many traditional cannabis identification methods employed by crime laboratories cannot accurately determine total THC quantities in accordance with federal and state regulations, or do so with increased time, labor, and risks of instrument damage. In order to quickly distinguish positive marijuana samples, a method was developed to identify plant material with a total THC level >1%. This novel, automated dispersive pipette extraction (DPX) method uses tip‐based technology and an automated liquid handler to enable fast, hands‐free selective isolation of THC and its precursors for downstream gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis. The workflow proceeds with no repetitive manual effort and reduced need for instrument maintenance while enabling crime labs to legally identify marijuana through the detection of total THC above 1%. Recovery of THC using the DPX extraction method was 93% at 30 µg/mL and 78% at 500 µg/mL. Similarly, THCA‐A recovery was 100% at 30 µg/mL and 74% at 500 µg/mL. Samples evaluated in a blind study (proficiency, hemp, and nonprobative case samples) were all accurately identified as greater than or less than 1% THC, with samples containing <1% THC being identified as “cannabis” and subjected to more discriminative analysis as needed.
Emergency department care for low back pain: Should we adopt recommendations from primary care guidelines?
Authors: Machado Gustavo C , Ghinea Narcyz , Rogan Eileen , Day Richard O , Maher Chris G 
Published: August 2020

AbstractED visits for low back pain are increasing, but the lack of specific guidance for emergency physicians impedes evidence‐based care, and adopting primary care recommendations may not be appropriate. The ED sees a different spectrum of low back pain presentations, where physicians are likely to encounter a larger proportion of patients with an underlying serious pathology or non‐spinal diseases than in primary care. Current low back pain guidelines do not adequately cover screening for these conditions, but making a differential diagnosis is crucial in emergency patients with low back pain. In this article, we also discuss the challenges in developing specific ED guidelines for low back pain, the limited evidence on the profile of these patients and the surprising dearth of randomised trials.
Glucagon‐like peptide 1 infusions overcome anabolic resistance to feeding in older human muscle
Authors: Abdulla Haitham , Phillips Bethan E. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Limb Marie , Jandova Tereza , Bass Joseph J. , Rankin Debbie , Cegielski Jessica , Sayda Mariwan , Crossland Hannah , Williams John P. , Smith Kenneth , Idris Iskandar , Atherton Philip J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite its known insulin‐independent effects, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) role in muscle protein turnover has not been explored under fed‐state conditions or in the context of older age, when declines in insulin sensitivity and protein anabolism, as well as losses of muscle mass and function, occur.MethodsEight older‐aged men (71 ± 1 year, mean ± SEM) were studied in a crossover trial. Baseline measures were taken over 3 hr, prior to a 3 hr postprandial insulin (~30 mIU ml−1) and glucose (7–7.5 mM) clamp, alongside I.V. infusions of octreotide and Vamin 14 (±infusions of GLP‐1). Four muscle biopsies were taken, and muscle protein turnover was quantified via incorporation of 13C6 phenylalanine and arteriovenous balance kinetics, using mass spectrometry. Leg macro‐ and microvascular flow was assessed via ultrasound and anabolic signalling by immunoblotting. GLP‐1 and insulin were measured by ELISA.ResultsGLP‐1 augmented muscle protein synthesis (MPS; fasted: 0.058 ± 0.004% hr−1 vs. postprandial: 0.102 ± 0.005% hr−1, p < 0.01), in comparison with non‐GLP‐1 trials. Muscle protein breakdown (MPB) was reduced throughout clamp period, while net protein balance across the leg became positive in both groups. Total femoral leg blood flow was unchanged by the clamp; however, muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF) was significantly elevated in both groups, and to a significantly greater extent in the GLP‐1 group (MBF: 5 ± 2 vs. 1.9 ± 1 fold change +GLP‐1 and −GLP‐1, respectively, p < 0.01). Activation of the Akt‐mTOR signalling was similar across both trials.ConclusionGLP‐1 infusion markedly enhanced postprandial microvascular perfusion and further stimulated muscle protein metabolism, primarily through increased MPS, during a postprandial insulin hyperaminoacidaemic clamp.
CEO Optimism and the Cost of Bank Debt
Authors: Kim Yura , Kim Hyun‐Dong , Song Kyojik “Roy” 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of the level of CEO optimism on loan spread and number of covenants using 4869 loan facilities (tranches) made to 1271 U.S. industrial firms over the period 1992–2011. We find that banks charge significantly lower spreads and impose a smaller number of covenants on loans made to firms with moderately optimistic CEOs. However, banks tend to charge higher costs on loans made to firms with low‐ or high‐optimism CEOs. The results suggest that the level of CEO optimism and the costs of bank loans have a convex relation.
The impact of caring for children with posterior urethral valves
Authors: Tan Peony Shih Pui , Mallitt Kylie‐Ann , McCarthy Hugh J. , Kennedy Sean E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate and describe factors contributing to the impact of caring for a child with posterior urethral valves and to determine the extent to which families view their care as family‐centred, and whether this can affect the impact of care.MethodsA cross‐sectional, survey‐based study involving primary caregivers of children with posterior urethral valves. Caregivers completed the Impact on Family Scale (IOFS) and the Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC). Regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between child‐related variables, demographic variables, MPOC and IOFS scores.ResultsThirty‐one primary caregivers completed both questionnaires. Caregivers of children with moderate/severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) scored higher on the IOFS compared to those caring for children with mild CKD. Caregivers rated care received highly but reported lower scores in subscales related to information provision. Receiving less respectful and supportive care was significantly associated with lower IOFS scores.ConclusionThe impact of caring for a child with posterior urethral valves is variable and is strongly determined by the severity of the associated CKD. Further research is required to show whether improving family centredness of care can reduce the impact of caring for children with posterior urethral valves.
Review article: preventing hepatitis B graft infection in hepatitis B patients after liver transplantation: immunoglobulin vs anti‐virals
Authors: Park James S. , Gayam Vijay , Pan Calvin Q. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundA critical aspect of liver transplantation in hepatitis B patients is to prevent graft reinfection with hepatitis B virus. The use of hepatitis B immune globulin after transplant was a significant milestone, which allowed prolonged graft and patient survival by controlling hepatitis B reinfection in liver grafts. The development of anti‐viral treatments with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues, led to a further reduction in graft reinfection and improvement in patient survival. The combination of the aforementioned two therapies has been widely used in hepatitis B‐associated liver transplants.AimsTo address the post‐transplant management of hepatitis B and provide updates on preventing graft reinfection.MethodsWe performed a literature search on Ovid and PubMed for randomised controlled trials or cohort studies in English, which investigated the effectiveness of hepatitis B immune globulin and anti‐viral therapy on hepatitis B‐associated transplants (1/2000‐1/2020). Studies that met pre‐established criteria were reviewed.ResultsBased on currently available evidence, an algorithm for post‐transplant management with anti‐viral therapy is proposed. Also, the management of recipients who received grafts from hepatitis B core antibody‐positive donors is discussed.ConclusionsThe development of hepatitis B immune globulin and anti‐viral treatments led to substantial improvement in graft and patient survival. The prevention of hepatitis B graft reinfection is complex and involves a broad interdisciplinary team.
Comparison of the performances of the ADXBLADDER test and urinary cytology in the follow‐up of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: a blinded prospective multicentric study
Authors: Gontero Paulo , Montanari Emanuele , Roupret Morgan , Longo Fabrizio , Stockley Jacqueline , Kennedy Ashleigh , Rodriguez Oscar , McCracken Stuart R.C. , Dudderidge Tim , Sieverink Caroline , Vanié Felicien , Allasia Marco , Witjes J. Alfred , Sylvester Richard , Colombel Marc , Palou Juan 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo compare directly the performance of the ADXBLADDER test with that of cytology in the detection of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrences.BackgroundADXBLADDER is a urine test based on the detection of MCM5, a DNA licensing factor expressed in all cells capable of dividing. Expression is usually restricted to the basal stem cell compartment; however, in malignancy, MCM5‐expressing cells can be found throughout the epithelium. Detection of MCM5 in urine sediment can be indicative of the presence of a bladder tumour.Patients and MethodsA multicentre prospective, blinded study was carried out from August 2017 and July 2019 at 21 European Union centres, 14 of which collected matching cytology data. Urine was collected from patients prior to cystoscopy. Urine cytology and ADXBLADDER were performed and compared to the diagnosis obtained by cystoscopy. The performance of cytology and ADXBLADDER were then compared.ResultsThe overall performance of ADXBLADDER demonstrated a sensitivity of 51.9%, a specificity of 66.4%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 92%. The sensitivity of ADXBLADDER for low‐ and high‐grade recurrences was 44.1% and 58.8%, respectively. By contrast, cytology sensitivity was 16.7%, specificity was 98% and NPV was 90.7%. Cytology sensitivity for both low‐ and high‐grade disease was 17.6%.ConclusionsADXBLADDER detection of both low‐ and high‐grade NMIBC recurrence is superior to that of cytology, with ADXBLADDER able to exclude the presence of high‐grade recurrence in 97.8% of cases compared to 97.1% with cytology. These results show that ADXBLADDER has promise as a more reliable alternative to urine cytology in the follow‐up of NMIBC.
Implementation analysis of pixel‐level image processing based on multiscale transforms
Authors: Albert Jesuwaram Ancy Mergin , Maria Sebastin Godwin Premi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImage processing covers a wide range of processing techniques. Image Fusion is one of those technique which plays a vital role with medical images since different imaging methods provide different set of clinical information for diagnosis. Advances in technology provide us with plenty of imaging modalities. Image fusion is essential for a joint analysis of these multimodality images since each of these modalities provide unique and complementary characterization of the underlying anatomy and tissue microstructure. This paper analyzes the image fusion methods based on multiscale transforms and implements using wavelet, contourlet, curvelet, and shearlet transform. The results are compared.
Onset and trajectory of alcohol and other drug use among Aboriginal men entering a prison treatment program: A qualitative study
Authors: Doyle Michael F. , Guthrie Jill , Butler Tony , Shakeshaft Anthony , Conigrave Katherine , Williams Megan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are vastly over‐represented in Australian prisons. Many people in prison attribute in some way their offences to alcohol and/or other drug (AOD) use. This paper aims to understand AOD use before first and between terms in prison, among a group of Aboriginal men enrolled in a prison‐based AOD treatment program. It examines opportunities for prevention or treatment that might interrupt the cycle of alcohol consumption, offending and imprisonment.MethodsA thematic analysis of in‐depth interviews with 14 Aboriginal men in an urban prison.ResultsParticipants had low levels of formal education, none having completed high school and had spent limited or no time in the workforce. All 14 spoke of being negatively affected by AOD use within their families. First alcohol and cannabis use were around age 12–14 years, first amphetamines and/or heroin use was around age 15. As adults, they had unstable accommodation and when released from prison returned to the same situation they had been in previously. Most believed they would not have offended and subsequently imprisoned if they did not have a substance use disorder.Discussion and ConclusionWithout further support post‐prison, the men in this study are likely to return to the same situation and continue their AOD use. Further efforts are needed to support families with substance use disorders and to give young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people better education and training opportunities.
Systemic immunosuppression in times of COVID‐19: Do we need to rethink our standards?
Authors: Grabbe Stephan , Beissert Stefan , Enk Alexander 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe current SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic particularly endangers older people with pre‐existing cardiopulmonary and metabolic conditions. However, it is also currently under discussion whether patients under immunosuppressive therapy also have a higher risk of suffering a severe course of the COVID‐19 disease. In principle though, there is currently no data available for a general reduction or pause of immunosuppression in patients with autoimmune diseases because of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. However, since there is currently neither an effective therapy nor corresponding vaccination protection, the indication for a prolonged immunosuppressive therapy should be made with special care. In particular, immunotherapeutic agents that produce long‐term effects (e.g., rituximab) should be used with special caution. In contrast, immunomodulating substances that do not suppress antiviral immunity (e.g. systemic immunoglobulins, doxycycline), or that have intrinsic effects on SARS‐CoV‐2 (calcineurin inhibitors, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) may be useful alternatives.