bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRAKTIK RENTENIRISASI PERSPEKTF EKONOMI SYARIAH DAN SOSIOLOGI (STUDI DI KECAMATAN PUNGGUR LAMPUNG TENGAH)
Authors: Alawiyah Ika Trisnawati 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted to answer the question of how to practice sharia investment sharia perspective and sociology in Punggur, Central Lampung District. This study aims to determine the practice of a loan shark sharia economic perspective and sociology in Punggur, Central Lampung District. This type of research is field research conducted in Punggur District, Central Lampung Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach that is a way to expose accurate information obtained from the community in the District of Punggur, Central Lampung relating to the practice of a loan shark. Data sources used are primary and secondary data sources. The data collection method uses the method of observation, interviews and documentation with technical analysis of deductive thinking. The results of research on a loan shark practices in the community of Punggur Subdistrict, the perspective of Islamic economics is very contrary to regulation in Islamic law, because those who practice muamalah are ribawi. While, according to the sociological perspective of the loan sharks, this is a solution for some people to meet their daily needs. The facilities provided such as loan amount, faster and more efficient time, how to pay, without collateral, and other agreements are considered by the community when making loans.
Keywords: Loan Sharks, Islamic Economics, Sociology

Abstrak
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana praktik rentenirisasi perspektif ekonomi syariah dan sosiologi di Kecamatan Punggur Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktik rentenirisasi perspektif ekonomi syariah dan sosiologi di Kecamatan Punggur Lampung Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Punggur Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunkan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif yaitu cara memaparkan informasi-informasi yang akurat yang diperoleh dari masyarakat di Kecamatan Punggur Lampung Tengah yang berkaitan dengan praktik rentenirisasi. Sumber datayang digunakan adalah sumber data primer dan sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dengan teknis analisa berpikir deduktif. Hasil penelitian terhadap praktek rentenir di masyarakat Kecamatan Punggur perspektif ekonomi islam yaitu sangat bertentangan dengan hukum dan syariat islam karena mereka yang melakukan praktek muamalah secara ribawi. Sedangkan menurut perspektif sosiologi para rentenir ini menjadi solusi bagi para sebagian masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Kemudahan–kemudahan yang diberikan seperti besar pinjaman, waktu yang lebih cepat dan efisien, cara membayar, tanpa jaminan, dan kesepakatan–kesepakatan lain menjadi pertimbangan masyarakat ketika melakukan pinjaman.
Kata Kunci: Rentenir, Ekonomi Syariah, dan Sosiologi
A PERMANENTE BUSCA POR LEGITIMIDADE DEMOCRÁTICA NAS DECISÕES DO PODER JUDICIÁRIO
Authors: Rocha Renata Rodrigues de Castro , De Moraes Pierre Braz 
Published: October 2020

Resumo
O presente artigo tem a finalidade de expor a necessidade de uma permanente busca por legitimidade democrática nas decisões proferidas pelo Poder Judiciário, em especial no âmbito do denominado ativismo judicial e levando-se em consideração a crescente judicialização de políticas públicas. O protagonismo do Judiciário, concebido a partir da nova jurisdição constitucional, não deve desprezar a participação efetiva (e cooperação) de indivíduos e da sociedade civil organizada no processo, sobretudo em demandas capazes de gerar grande repercussão, seja ela social, econômica, financeira, por exemplo. Expõe-se a necessidade de observância de teorias dialógicas, que estimulam diálogos institucionais entre os Poderes da república. São citadas, ainda, como exemplos de instrumentos de democratização do processo, a figura do amicus curiae e as audiências públicas realizadas no âmbito de cortes Superiores.
CASE DE PALMAS: A EFETIVIDADE DA MEDIDA SOCIOEDUCATIVA DE INTERNAÇÃO EM FACE DA REITERAÇÃO INFRACIONAL DOS ADOLESCENTES EM CONFLITO COM A LEI NOS ANOS DE 2009 A 2013
Authors: De Almeida Cristiane Roque , Oliveira Anna Gabriela Queiroz 
Published: October 2020

RESUMO
O presente trabalho tem como objeto a análise da efetividade da Medida Socioeducativa de Internação aplicadas no Centro Socioeducativo de Palmas (CASE) aos adolescentes em conflito com a lei, compreendidas nos anos de 2009 a 2013, em face da reiteração infracional. Nesta pesquisa, realiza-se uma abordagem quantitativa através da coleta de dados no CASE de Palmas, bem como da avaliação dos processos judiciais de apuração de atos infracionais sentenciados existentes no Juizado da Infância e Juventude da capital. Analisa-se o panorama nacional e local dos infratores, realizando-se uma comparação das realidades apresentadas, sendo a problemática exposta desta forma com o fito de se desenhar o quadro local de reiteração infracional à luz do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo, não tendo, no entanto, a finalidade de explanar sobre os motivos ensejadores da delinquência juvenil. Mas ao final, anunciar a apuração do principal resultado da pesquisa realizada, qual seja, a elevada taxa de reiteração, revelando a inefetividade da aplicação das medidas socioeducativas em meio fechado, de modo a buscar direcionaras ações do Sistema de Proteção à criança e ao adolescente na capital do Estado do Tocantins.
ÔNUS DA PROVA NO PROCESSO DO TRABALHO DIANTE DOS REFLEXOS DO NOVO CPC NA PERSPECTIVA DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Saliba Graciane Rafisa , Eça Vitor Salino de Moura 
Published: October 2020

O instituto da prova é vislumbrado como o sustentáculo dos processos judiciais trabalhistas, construídos sobre os princípios processuais que permeiam o ramo laboral, destacando-se o princípio da busca da verdade real e o ônus da prova. A convergência dos esforços das partes e do magistrado para o alcance de um resultado que proporcione a aplicação efetiva do direito depende do modus probatório operacionalizado no decorrer da instrução, na qual, diante do Estado Democrático do Direito, deve imperar o debate e a participação dos envolvidos, superando a conduta autocrática e solipsista do magistrado. Assim, a possibilidade de distribuição dinâmica do ônus da prova, trazida pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil, nos casos previstos em lei ou diante de peculiaridades da causa, tal como impossibilidade ou dificuldade excessiva a uma das partes para provar o alegado, traz ao Direito Processual do Trabalho, com sua aplicação supletiva e subsidiária, uma participação efetiva e inclusiva das partes, destacando-se a ratificação da busca da verdade real no Estado Democrático de Direito.
EDUCAÇÃO E SAÚDE PARA IDOSOS: um relato de experiência do projeto UMANIZANDO em tempos de COVID-19
Authors: Silva Neto Luiz Sinesio , Sera Eduardo , Avelino dos Santos Claudio , Carlos de Oliveira Deuzivania , Barbosa Osório Neila 
Published: October 2020

Esse trabalho objetiva relatar as ações multidisciplinares de educação em saúde para os idosos do projeto UMAnizando em tempo de COVID-19. O projeto propõe linhas de atuação de educação em saúde desenvolvidas por meio de uma abordagem dialógico-reflexiva entre colaboradores e idosos, considerando a realidade local dos mesmos, por isso, utiliza ampla variedade de tecnologias/práticas educativas comprovadamente eficazes e monitora constantemente as ações do projeto. As estratégias de educação em saúde do projeto podem servir como modelo para outras realidades, nesse contexto desafiador de promover saúde para os idosos em período de pandemia de COVID-19.
COVID-19 O DEVER DE REALIZAR O ACESSO À SAÚDE NO MERCOSUL
Authors: Santos Júlio Edstron Secundino , Silva Alice Rocha da , Ribeiro Elisa de Sousa 
Published: October 2020

No ambiente de pandemia mundial causada pela Covid-19, o cumprimento do dever de acesso à saúde apresenta-se como um desafio, sobretudo, para os países em desenvolvimento que compõem o Mercosul. A imprevisibilidade no avanço da doença, associada aos custos do oferecimento do acesso à saúde pelo Estado tornam a tarefa ainda mais difícil de ser implementada de modo individual, o que reforça a necessidade de um esforço conjunto dos Estados membros do Mercosul para o enfrentamento da pandemia. Para tanto, serão utilizados o método hipotético dedutivo e as técnicas de revisão bibliográfica. A conclusão é que, principalmente no atual momento em que os problemas são globais, as instituições mercosulinas não podem deixar de atuar em prol dos necessitados.
Palavras chave: Mercosul, COVID 19, Direito à Saúde, Direito ao acesso à saúde.
APPLICATION OF THE SIR MODEL TO COVID-19: social distance and (no-)evolution of the pandemic in state of the Tocantins
Authors: Mesquita Élis Gardel da Costa , Meira Janeisi de Lima , Dias Neto José de Ribamar Leonel 
Published: October 2020

This article is a study about the behavior and spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, in the state of Tocantins, based on data reported from March 18 to June 10. A modification of the mathematical model SIR was used, in which some auxiliary compartments were added. We analyzed epidemic aspects such as the speed of the contagion curve and its impacts on the health system. As the data are made available daily, a discretization of the system of differential equations that make up the model was performed, and based on the availability of known data, we investigated the correlation between the social isolation index and the basic reproduction factor. Through a very simple interpolation, approximate contagion rates were obtained, enabling us to evaluate the behavior of the evolution of contagion curves and those that depend on them, which allows us to anticipate scenarios based on the trend lines of the data generated, thus helping decision making public power.
Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Abdullah D , Alouffi Abdulazi S , Alyousif Mohamed S , Rahi Abdulsadah A , Ali Magda A , Abdullah Hend H.A.M. , Brayner Fabio A , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Otranto Domenico 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when occurring in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the prevalence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infects humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qaseem (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients, suspected for Leishmania, were examined for CL by a nested PCR (nPCR).Results: Nested PCR (nPCR) detected seven patients (25.9%) positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qaseem by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and further epidemiological investigations of domestic and wild canids infected with L. major and L. tropica are needed towards a control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.
Aspects of the development of Ixodes anatis under different environmental conditions in the laboratory and in the field&nbsp;
Authors: Bansal Natasha , Pomroy William , Heath Allen C , Castro Isabel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNumerous laboratory and fewer field-based studies have found that ixodid ticks develop more quickly and survive better at temperatures between 18 and 26°C and relative humidity between 75% and 94%. Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904, is an endophilic, nidicolous species endemic to North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli, NIBK) and the tokoeka (Apteryx australis) and little is known about the environmental conditions required for its development. Our aims in this study were to determine and compare the conditions of temperature and RH that ensured the best survival, and the shortest interstadial periods for the kiwi tick, in the laboratory and outdoors inside artificial kiwi burrows.MethodsWe collected free walking engorged ticks off wild kiwi hosts and placed them in the laboratory at various fixed temperature and humidity regimes. We also placed sets of different stages of these ticks in artificial kiwi burrows and in both cases, recorded the times taken for the ticks to moult to the next stage.ResultsWe found that larvae and nymphs both showed optimum development between 10-20°C, which is lower than many other species of ixodid ticks. However, larvae moulted quicker and survived better when saturation deficits were <1-2 mmHg (RH>94%) while for nymphs the optimum saturation deficits were 1-10 mmHg.ConclusionsWe believe that the kiwi tick has adapted to stable, but relatively cool and humid conditions in the burrows reflecting the evolutionary consequences of its association with the kiwi.
The Impact of Internet use frequency on Non-suicidal self injurious behavior and Suicidal Ideation among Chinese adolescents: An empirical study based on Gender perspective
Authors: Xin Moye , Yang Xueyan , Liu Kun , Böke Bilun Naz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: We attempted to find if there were gender differences in Non-suicidal self injurious (NSSI) behaviors and Suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents, then analyze the impact of Internet use frequency on these variables among adolescents of different genders.Methods: Based on the data from 6 high-schools and 4 universities in 4 cities in China, the gender difference in NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation and their related factors were analyzed in the study.Results: Gender differences were found during different purposes of Internet use; There was no significant gender difference in NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents, yet females reported significantly higher intensity of suicidal ideation compared to males; Internet use frequency could explain the prevalence of NSSI behaviors and Suicidal ideation by gender, to some categories.Conclusions: There were gender differences in Internet use frequency among adolescents; Gender difference of NSSI engagement among Chinese adolescents was not statistically significant; Females had higher suicidal ideation than males; the overuse of social softwares was found to be a risk factor to both NSSI engagements and suicidal ideations for both genders; males would engage less NSSI behaviors when they spent more time on knowledge sharing softwares while might have more suicidal ideation when they spent too much time on gaming.
Comparative gene expression profiling of mouse ovaries upon stimulation with natural equine chorionic gonadotropin (N-eCG) and tethered recombinant-eCG (R-eCG)
Authors: Min kwan-sik , Park Jong-Ju , Lee So-Yun , Byambaragchaa Munkhzaya , Kang Myung-Hwa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) induces super-ovulation in laboratory animals. Notwithstanding its extensive usage, limited information is available regarding the differences between the in vivo effects of natural eCG (N-eCG) and recombinant eCG (R-eCG). This study aimed to investigate the gene expression profiles of mouse ovaries upon stimulation with N-eCG and R-eCG produced from CHO-suspension (CHO-S) cells. R-eCG gene was constructed and transfected into CHO-S cells and quantified. Subsequently, we determined the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of N-eCG and R-eCG up to 24 h after intravenous administration through the mice tail vein and identified differentially expressed genes in both ovarian tissues, via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: R-eCG was markedly expressed initially after transfection and maintained until recovery on day 9. Glycan chains were substantially modified in R-eCG protein produced from CHO-S cells and eliminated through PNGase F treatment. The MCR was higher for R-eCG than for N-eCG, and no significant difference was observed after 60 min. Notwithstanding their low concentrations, R-eCG and N-eCG were detected in the blood at 24h post-injection. Microarray analysis of ovarian tissue revealed that 20 of 12,816 genes assessed therein were significantly up-regulated and 43 genes were down-regulated by >2-fold in the group that received R-eCG (63 [0.49%] differentially regulated genes in total). The microarray results were concurrent with and hence validated by those of RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, and IHC analyses. Conclusions: The present results indicate that R-eCG can be adequately produced through a cell-based expression system through post-translational modification of eCG and can induce ovulation in vivo. These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the up- or down-regulation of specific ovarian genes and the production of R-eCG with enhanced biological activity in vivo.
Trends of caesarean section deliveries in Pakistan: Secondary data analysis from Demographic and Health Surveys, 1990-2018
Authors: Amjad Aaisha , Imran Abeeha , Shahram Nabeeha , Zakar Rubeena , Usman Ahmed , Zakar Muhammad Zakria , Fischer Florian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Pakistan is among those countries where the number of caesarean section births has increased unusually in the past two decades. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to analyse the trend of caesarean section deliveries among child-bearing women (aged 15–49 years) in Pakistan and to identify maternal socio-demographic factors and pregnancy-related variables associated with the change in caesarean deliveries from 1990 to 2018.Methods: Secondary data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (1990–2018) were analysed. The analysis of data was confined to child-bearing mothers. Sample sizes were 4,029, 5,721, 7,461 and 8,287 for the time periods of 1990–91, 2006–07, 2012–13 and 2017–18, respectively. Socio-demographic information of the mothers and pregnancy-related variables were taken as independent variables for the present study. The association between independent variables and caesarean deliveries was measured in terms of unadjusted odds ratios (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR).Results: The percentages of the mothers who had at least one delivery during the five years prior to each survey who had caesarean deliveries increased continuously from 3.2 % in 1990–91 to 19.6 % in 2017–18. Results indicate that mothers over 24 years of age, located in Punjab, from the richest socio-economic class and living in urban areas were more likely to have delivered by caesarean section. Mothers with a first child in birth order and who had five and more children, as well as mothers who had more antenatal care visits and delivered babies in private hospitals showed a higher probability of caesarean section births.Conclusions: The findings of the present study confirm the gradual upsurge in the percentage of mothers delivering by caesarean section during the past two decades in Pakistan. Against this backdrop, some measures need to be taken by health departments to regulate the number of caesarean deliveries. Awareness among women about pregnancy complications and elaborated details by gynaecologists about the medically indicated reasons for caesarean delivery are a few important steps in Pakistan that can help in reducing caesarean deliveries which are not medically indicated.
Distribution of sources of household air pollution: a cross-sectional study in Cameroon
Authors: Baame Esong Miranda , Goura André Pascal , Mbatchou Bertrand Hugo Ngahane , Walage Berenice , Simo Herman Styve Yomi , Medjou Romarique Mboumo , Sonkoue Martial Pianta , Djouda Cyrielle Douanla , Ngnewa Rose Suzie Fowoh , Guiagain Milaine Sandra Teugueu , Agokeng Brice-Donald Kemnang , Homla Olivia Tania Megaptche , Pope Dan , Ateudjieu Jerome 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Household air pollution (HAP) is a recognised risk factor for many diseases, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular/circulatory disorders, adverse pregnancy outcomes and cataracts. Population exposure to biomass fuels, including wood, varies among countries and from one fuel source to the other. This study aimed to investigate the different sources of HAP in peri-urban and rural communities in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of households from the Dschang Health District (DHD) region. This included 848 homes in which a range of fuels for cooking including biomass (firewood, charcoal, sawdust), kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were used both indoors and outdoors. Results: Of the study households, 651 (77%) reported exclusive use of firewood and 141 (17%) reported using more than one source of fuel. Exclusive use of firewood was greater in rural communities (94%) than in peri-urban communities (38%). In peri-urban communites, use of multiple fuels including LPG, wood, sawdust and kerosene, was more common (44.75%). A total of 25.03% of households in both peri-urban and rural communities reported using bottled gas (or liquified petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking. Motivations for choice of fuel included, price, availability (easy access), rapidity, tradition or culture related factorsConclusion: Wood is the main cooking fuel in both peri-urban and rural communities in the Dschang Health District. Work to help households (especially those who are resource poor) to adopt LPG equipment for cooking, and use in a more exclusive way is required.