bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological control of invasive stink bugs: review of global state and future prospects
Authors: Conti Eric , Avila Gonzalo , Barratt Barbara , Cingolani Fernanda , Colazza Stefano , Guarino Salvatore , Hoelmer Kim , Laumann Raul Alberto , Maistrello Lara , Martel Guillaume , Peri Ezio , Rodriguez‐Saona Cesar , Rondoni Gabriele , Rostás Michael , Roversi Pio Federico , Sforza René F.H. , Tavella Luciana , Wajnberg Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInvasive stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are responsible for high economic losses to agriculture on a global scale. The most important species, dating from recent to old invasions, include Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister), Halyomorpha halys (Stål), Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood), Nezara viridula (L.), and Murgantia histrionica (Hahn). Bagrada hilaris, H. halys, and N. viridula are now almost globally distributed. Biological control of these pests faces a complex set of challenges that must be addressed to maintain pest populations below the economic injury level. Several case studies of classical and conservation biological control of invasive stink bugs are reported here. The most common parasitoids in their geographical area of origin are egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae, Encyrtidae, and Eupelmidae). Additionally, native parasitoids of adult stink bugs (Diptera: Tachinidae) have in some cases adapted to the novel hosts in the invaded area and native predators are known to prey on the various instars. Improving the efficacy of biocontrol agents is possible through conservation biological control techniques and exploitation of their chemical ecology. Moreover, integration of biological control with other techniques, such as behavioural manipulation of adult stink bugs and plant resistance, may be a sustainable pest control method within organic farming and integrated pest management programs. However, additional field studies are needed to verify the efficacy of these novel methods and transfer them from research to application.
Preference, performance, and impact of the water‐lily aphid on multiple species of duckweed
Authors: Subramanian Swapna K. , Turcotte Martin M. 
Published: August 2020

The role of herbivores in driving the structure of freshwater macrophyte communities remains poorly understood in comparison with terrestrial ecosystems. For instance, although duckweed (subfamily Lemnoideae) are globally distributed, can be locally highly abundant and ecologically dominant, and are of growing economic importance, their interactions with herbivores remain understudied.
To address how herbivores may impact duckweed species composition, we here experimentally quantify the preference and performance of a common duckweed herbivore, the water‐lily aphid (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae) on four widespread duckweed species.
Our two‐way choice experiments reveal that aphids display a preference for Spirodela polyrhiza > Landoltia punctata = Lemna minor > > Wolffia brasiliensis. These results are rarely influenced by natal host species.
By evaluating the growth of aphid populations on each duckweed species, we find that preference may be adaptive in certain ecological conditions.
Quantifying the population growth rate of duckweed growing in the presence and absence of aphids revealed differential tolerance of herbivory across duckweed species.
This study shows that aphids, through preferential feeding and significant differential effects on duckweed growth, can have a significant impact on duckweed population dynamics and potentially community composition.
Frontiers in translational systemic sclerosis research: A focus on the unmet 'cutaneous' clinical needs (Viewpoint)
Authors: Herrick Ariane L. , Shukla Rudresh , Watson Rachel E. B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis viewpoint considers four cutaneous unmet clinical needs of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), namely the rapidly progressive skin thickening (scleroderma) which occurs early on in diffuse cutaneous disease; digital (finger and toe) ulcers; calcinosis; and cutaneous telangiectases. All four problems cause pain, disability and/or disfigurement, all impact on quality of life, and for each, we require effective treatments. For each unmet need, we give a brief description of the clinical problem (including clinical burden), pathophysiology and current treatment, followed by a personal viewpoint of the key questions which research must address. For the painful, debilitating skin thickening of early diffuse cutaneous SSc, studies are required to decide whether corticosteroids are effective and safe (current opinion is divided) and whether phototherapy approaches have a role. Also, we need to develop and validate reliable outcome measures for clinical trials of promising new therapies: these could be composite indices, novel non‐invasive imaging methods and patient‐reported outcome measures, possibly in combination as they provide complementary information. For digital ulcers, again we require validated outcome measures for clinical trials. We also need to explore local (including topical) treatments, which are free from systemic adverse effects, and preventative strategies for high‐risk patients. For calcinosis, we need to better understand pathophysiology, to validate outcome measures and to develop topical treatments. For telangiectases, we need to "use" these highly accessible lesions to help unravel the vascular pathophysiology of SSc and explore their different properties as potential biomarkers.
Multifunctional agriculture: Policies and implementation in China
Authors: Song Bingjie , Robinson Guy M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultifunctional agriculture (MFA) has been supported in the European Union (EU) for over two decades, primarily as part of rural development policy in which agriculture is encouraged to deliver a range of economic, social and environmental outcomes. MFA has also grown in some countries without significant policy support, notably in peri‐urban fringes in North America and Australasia. Further expansion of this phenomenon is now apparent in China under strong central government policy directives from the early 2000s. Drawing upon a decade of studies of MFA in China, this paper examines some of the responses to various related policy initiatives, including major programs, such as Grain for Green, which have encouraged farmers to generate environmental services. It also refers to the scope for individual farm households to take initiatives leading to MFA via adoption of multiple functions on smallholdings (e.g., rural tourism, food processing). Various interpretations of MFA are explored, with a focus on how central government policy directives have driven take‐up of various MFA‐related initiatives.
Long‐term observation in patients with esophageal varices after endoscopic variceal ligation accompanied with 24‐hour pH monitoring
Authors: Hidaka Hisashi , Tanabe Satoshi , Uojima Haruki , Shao Xue , Iwasaki Shuichiro , Wada Naohisa , Kubota Kousuke , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Nakazawa Takahide , Shibuya Akitaka , Kokubu Shigehiro , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: August 2020

AimEsophageal variceal ligation (EVL) is usually carried out to decrease the risk of hemorrhage. Several complications have been reported with the procedure, including bleeding from ligation‐induced esophageal ulcers or heartburn. However, there is scant evidence for gastroesophageal reflux caused by EVL. The aim of this study was to assess 24‐h pH monitoring in the esophagogastric junction before and after EVL and the bleeding rate for 18 months.MethodsWe undertook this single‐center prospective trial in Kitasato University Hospital (Sagamihara, Japan). We included patients with cirrhosis who were Child–Pugh classification A or B, without uncontrollable hepatocellular carcinoma, and had F2 or larger esophageal varices, and/or were red color sign (RC) positive. The study period was from July 2012 through September 2017 for 32 patients enrolled in this study and followed up until March 2019.ResultsBaseline characteristics were: median Child–Pugh score, 6; and mean age, 64.3 years. Before and after EVL, the median 24‐h under pH 4 holding time percentages of all patients were 0.6% (range, 0–5.6%) and 0.95% (range, 0–50.6%), respectively, without a significant difference (P = 0.107). We could not find any G3 or G4 adverse events during this study, and 75% of the patients who had already suffered from moderate gastroesophageal reflux became worse after EVL (P = 0.18) and required antacid therapies. There were no patients with hemorrhage from esophageal varices.ConclusionsEsophageal variceal ligation for esophageal varices did not significantly change gastroesophageal reflux. Therefore, acid suppressive therapy might be unnecessary for patients who do not suffer from gastroesophageal reflux after EVL.
Refugee Family Voices: Shelter Needs in Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Zebari Hariwan , Pare Paul‐Philippe , Jann Marga 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe shelter needs of refugees in Iraqi Kurdistan were documented by local government and humanitarian organizations. However, official narratives do not include the “voices” of those directly affected by inadequate shelter: the refugee families themselves. This study uses a mixed‐methods approach to understand the shelter issues experienced by 53 refugee families in Iraqi Kurdistan. Refugee families disclosed seven common shelter problems: water infiltration, lack of public services and schools, inadequate access to water, poor roads, extreme temperatures, need for larger living space and erratic electricity. These families faced an average of three shelter issues, with some dealing with up to five problems at the same time. Families with the highest concentration of shelter issues had higher occurrences of water infiltration, inadequate access to water, extreme temperatures and need for larger living space. The evidence suggests that refugee families are living in worse conditions than those outlined in official narratives.
Gut γδ T cells as guardians, disruptors, and instigators of cancer
Authors: Suzuki Toshiyasu , Hayman Liam , Kilbey Anna , Edwards Joanne , Coffelt Seth B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with nearly 2 million cases per year. Immune cells and inflammation are a critical component of colorectal cancer progression, and they are used as reliable prognostic indicators of patient outcome. With the growing appreciation for immunology in colorectal cancer, interest is growing on the role γδ T cells have to play, as they represent one of the most prominent immune cell populations in gut tissue. This group of cells consists of both resident populations—γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (γδ IELs)—and transient populations that each has unique functions. The homeostatic role of these γδ T cell subsets is to maintain barrier integrity and prevent microorganisms from breaching the mucosal layer, which is accomplished through crosstalk with enterocytes and other immune cells. Recent years have seen a surge in discoveries regarding the regulation of γδ IELs in the intestine and the colon with particular new insights into the butyrophilin family. In this review, we discuss the development, specialities, and functions of γδ T cell subsets during cancer progression. We discuss how these cells may be used to predict patient outcome, as well as how to exploit their behavior for cancer immunotherapy.
Nurses are research leaders in skin and wound care
Authors: Gethin Georgina , Probst Sebastian , Weller Carolina , Kottner Jan , Beeckman Dimitri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe World Health Assembly declared 2020, the International Year of the Nurse and the Midwife. Recent editorials and commentaries support the leading role of nurses and midwives as frontline caregivers emphasizing the need to invest in the nursing workforce worldwide to meet global health needs. Today nurses are also leaders in research and one example is skin and wound care. In order to reflect on the contribution of nurses as researchers we conducted a systematic review of published articles in five international leading wound care journals in the years 1998, 2008 and 2018. We aimed to determine the type of research publication and percentage of nurses as first, second or senior authors. The place in the authorship was selected as indicative of leadership as it implies responsibility and accountability for the published work. Across the years 1998, 2008 and 2018, 988 articles were published. The overall proportion of nurse‐led articles was 29% (n = 286). The total numbers of articles increased over time and so too did the nurse‐led contributions. Nurse‐led research was strongest in the design categories 'cohort studies' (46%, n = 44), 'systematic reviews' (46%, n = 19), and 'critically appraised literature and evidence‐based guidelines' (47%, n = 55).Results of this review indicate that, in addition to the crucial clinical roles, nurses also have a substantial impact on academia and development of the evidence base to guide clinical practice. Our results suggest that nurse led contributions were particularly strong in research summarizing research to guide skin and wound care practice.
Statistical Theoreticians and Educational Assessment: Comments on Shelby Haberman's NCME Career Contributions Award
Authors: Mislevy Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn his 2019 NCME Career Contributions Award address, Dr. Shelby Haberman uses examples of three kinds to illustrate how his training in theoretical statistics influenced his contributions to educational measurement. I bracket my comments on his address, and his contributions more generally, by considering two questions: Why might any theoretical statisticians receive this award? Why aren't all recipients theoretical statisticians? Through the course of the discussion emerges the answer to a third, easier, question: Why Shelby Haberman?
Quality changes of frozen mango with regard to water mobility and ice crystals during frozen storage
Authors: Li Xian‐Xian , Zhao Jin‐Hong , Zhang Yu , Xiao Hong‐Wei , Sablani Shyam S. , Qu Tong‐Tong , Tang Xuan‐Ming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuality changes of mango with regard to water mobility and ice crystals were studied at different storage temperatures for 6 months. Mangoes were stored in the glassy state (T [−80 and − 60°C] < Tg′ and Tg′ < T [−49°C] < Tg″), partially freeze‐concentrated state (Tg′′ < T [−38°C] < Tm′), and rubbery state (T [−18°C] > Tm′). Results indicated that the most samples stored at −80 and − 60°C had no significant difference in the water mobility, freezable water, drip loss, and vitamin C after the same storage period. The Tg′ and Tg″ showed a different effect on the quality stability of frozen mangoes. In the glassy state, changes in water state, freezable water, and ice crystal size of frozen samples were slower, resulting in lower rate of quality changing (L* value, hardness, and vitamin C) than other conditions from 0 to 6 months.Practical applicationsThis study demonstrated the correlation between the water mobility and ice crystals of mango revealing the mechanism of physical and chemical changes in samples stored at different states during frozen storage. Compared to the partially freeze‐concentrated and rubbery state storages, the glassy state storage reduced the rate of the quality change in mangoes over time. Therefore, glassy state storage (below Tg″) has great potential for the food processing industry because it can improve frozen storage strategies and extend the shelf life of frozen mango during long‐term storage.
Interviewing alleged victims with mild and moderate intellectual disabilities and autism: A field study of police‐investigated cases of physical and sexual abuse in a Norwegian national sample
Authors: Åker T. H. , Johnson M. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities (IDs) or autism are at great risk of being victims of physical and sexual abuse. This study uses transcriptions of real‐life investigative interviews to examine the interview techniques (e.g. question type) used in investigative interviews of these groups of alleged victims.MethodsA national sample of transcribed investigative interviews (N = 96) of alleged victims with mild ID (n = 48, age 5–70 years old), moderate ID (n = 18, age 14–43 years old) and autism (n = 16, age 5–50 years old) was analysed.ResultsThe study shows a preponderance of alleged sexual offences (70.7%) and reveals that open‐ended questions account for only 2.6% of the total number of questions asked. The interviewers relied heavily on yes/no (53.4%) and directive questions (32.2%). Suggestive questions (8.6%) were frequently used.ConclusionsThe use of question type varied considerably within and across the diagnostic group. The study reveals the need for a more in‐depth analysis of variables that influence investigative interviews of people with cognitive impairments.
Testing the inhibitory cascade model in the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain) hominin sample
Authors: Bermúdez de Castro José María , Modesto‐Mata Mario , Martín‐Francés Laura , García‐Campos Cecilia , Martínez de Pinillos Marina , Martinón‐Torres María 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos (SH) site has yielded more than 7.500 human fossil remains belonging to a minimum of 29 individuals. Most of these individuals preserve either the complete mandibular molar series or at least the first (M1) and second (M2) molars. The inhibitory cascade mathematical model was proposed by Kavanagh et al. (Nature, 449, 427–433 [2007]) after their experimental studies on the dental development of murine rodent species. The activator–inhibitor mechanism of this model has shown its ability for predicting evolutionary size patterns of mammalian teeth, including hominins. The main aim of this study is to test whether the size molar patterns observed in the SH hominins fit the inhibitory cascade model. With this purpose, we have measured the crown area of all SH molars in photographs, using a planimeter and following techniques used and well contrasted in previous works. Following one of the premises of the inhibitory cascade model, we expect that the central tooth (M2 in our case) of a triplet would have the average size of the two outer teeth. The absolute difference between the observed and the expected values for the M2s ranges from 0.23 to 8.46 mm2 in the SH sample. In terms of percentage, the difference ranges between 0.25% and 10.34%, although in most cases, it is below 5%. The plot of the estimated M3/M1 and M2/M1 size ratios obtained in the SH hominins occupies a small area of the theoretical developmental morphospace obtained for rodent species. In addition, the majority of the values are placed near the theoretical line which defines the relationship predicted by the inhibitory cascade model in these mammals. The values of the slope and intercept of the reduced major regression obtained for the SH individuals do not differ significantly from those obtained for rodent species, thus confirming that the size of the molars of the SH hominins fits the inhibitory cascade model. We discuss these results in terms of dental development. Despite the promising results in the SH sample, we draw the attention to the fact that most Early Pleistocene Homo specimens exhibit a pattern (M1 < M2 > M3), which is outside the expected theoretical morphospace predicted by the inhibitory cascade model. The shift from the M1 < M2 < M3 size relationship observed in early hominins (including H. habilis) to the M1 > M2 > M3 size relationship, which is predominant in modern humans, includes sequences that depart from predictions of the inhibitory cascade model. Additional studies are required to understand these deviations.
May the morphological findings in the first‐trimester abortion materials be indicative of inherited thrombophilia?
Authors: Kaymaz Esin , Gun Banu D. , Genc Gunes C. , Kokturk Furuzan , Ozmen Kazım G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeİnherited thrombophilia is associated with severe pregnancy complications including recurrent spontaneous abortion. In the light of this strong association, the impact of thrombophilic mutations on the placenta and their morphological reflections has aroused attention of both clinicians and pathologists. In the present study, we aimed to show the association between placental abnormalities with thrombophilia by examining the morphological findings in a wide range of first‐trimester chorionic villi.MethodsWe performed a histological examination on the abortion specimens obtained from 129 patients with recurrent pregnancy losses that were evaluated with respect to inherited thrombophilia based on the presence of Factor V Leiden (G1691A), Prothrombin G20210A and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T gene mutations detected by genetic analysis. Abortion materials either with and without thrombophilia were evaluated in terms of the morphological parameters such as hydropic change, vascularity, fibrosis, fibrinoid degeneration, Hofbauer macrophage, syncytiotrophoblast knotting, villitis, calcification, villous contour and villous size, hemorrhage, thrombus, proliferation of trophoblasts, villous stromal or villous vascular karyorrhexis.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found between the patient groups with and without thrombophilia in terms of morphological findings except vascularity of chorionic villi. The avascular chorionic villi (<3 vessels per villus) were found in 62.9% and 16.9% obtained from the women with and without thrombophilic mutation, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionAs a conclusion, it could be stated that the analysis of morphological findings in the abortion specimen is not a time‐wasting process. Particularly, data related with vascularity of chorionic villi would be precious and beneficial. We suggest that highlighting the presence of avascular villi in the pathology report as a parameter would be guiding for clinicians regarding the impact of the thrombophilic gene mutations.
Efficacy of Tokishakuyakusan add‐on therapy with low‐dose oral contraceptive pills on endometriosis patients with dysmenorrhea
Authors: Taniguchi Fuminori , Tokita Yohei , Ota Ikuko , Yamane Emiko , Komatsu Hiroaki , Azuma Yukihiro , Sato Eri , Endo Yusuke , Sunada Hiroshi , Harada Tasuku 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTokishakuyakusan (TSS) is representative of popular Kampo medicines for Japanese women to treat dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation and menopause. Current hormonal treatments and low‐dose oral contraceptives (OCs) used as a first‐choice drug for primary symptoms, however, have a high incidence of adverse events without improving patients' satisfaction. We evaluated the efficacy of TSS as additional treatment on the quality of life (QOL) of patients taking OCs with reduced therapeutic satisfaction.MethodsTwelve patients treated with OCs for endometriosis were enrolled. TSS (7.5 g/day) in combination with OCs were given for three menstrual cycles. The main outcome was the degree of QOL assessed using the Endometriosis Health Profile‐30 (EHP‐30). Secondary outcomes were the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ), patient's satisfaction using a Likert scale and cold feeling‐visual analogue scale (VAS).ResultsIn EHP‐30, significant changes by TSS with OCs in each menstrual cycle were not found, although the scores for pain and emotional well‐being tended to decrease. In MDQ, water retention in the premenstrual phase was improved. With regard to cold feeling‐VAS, 61.6 mm at pretreatment decreased to 31.3 mm at the endpoint. Average Likert scale values after TSS treatment declined from 4.3 to 2.6. Cold feeling and patient's satisfaction have improved.ConclusionAlthough the influence of TSS add‐on therapy on QOL was moderate, possible improvement of cold feeling and menstruation‐related symptoms was suggested.