bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Harvesting Dates on Yield, Color and Quality of Raisin Prepared from Seedless Grape (Vitis vinifera)
Authors: Venkatram A. , Padmavathamma A. S. , Rao B. Srinivas , Sankar A. Siva , Manorama K. , Vijaya D. 
Published: July 2020

Aims: To know the effect of harvesting dates on yield, color and quality of raisins prepared from seedless varieties of grapes viz., Thompson Seedless (TS), 2A Clone (2AC), Sonaka (SO), Manik Chaman (MC) and Merbein Seedless (MS).
Study Design: Factorial completely randomized design.
Place and Duration of Study: The present investigation was conducted at Grape Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy district, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, during 2012–13 and 2013–14.
Methodology: Selected grape varieties viz., TS, 2AC, SO, MC and MS were manually harvested on 9th, 12th, 14th, 17th and 21st March, respectively, chosen as first harvest date i.e. 20 days before local harvest. Succeeding harvests i.e. second, third, fourth and fifth was done with 10 days interval following the first harvest date and used for raisin making. The grape bunches were dried in ventilated rooms after pre-drying treatment with alkaline emulsion of ethyl oleate (2.4% K2CO3 plus 1.5% ethyl oleate) with ascorbic acid 1000 ppm.
Results: Well matured grapes, which are harvested between 19th April to 1st May (20 days after local harvest) recorded lowest brown and mixed colored raisins and correspondingly increased green colored raisins. The grapes dried early in variety MS and it takes only 13.27 days followed by 2AC, TS, MC and SO in order. Raisin yield, size, texture, color homogeneity, total soluble solids, and Hunter color L*, -a* (greenness) and b* values increased with successive harvest dates. TS raisins were superior compared to others. The moisture content of raisins was lowest in fully matured (19th April to 1st May) grapes.
Conclusion: Raisins prepared from fully ripened grapes i.e. harvested between 9th to 19th April for Thompson Seedless and 17th to 27th April for Manik Chaman was superior regarding yield, retention of green color and quality.
Immunophenotyping for Diagnosis of Oral Lesions: Is It an Important Tool?
Authors: Camargo Alessandra Rodrigues de , Duarte Bruna Fischer , Lisboa Mariah Luz , Cardoso Chandra Chiappin , Munhoz Etiene de Andrade , Vieira Daniella Serafin Couto , Moral Joanita Angela Gonzaga Del , Silva Maria Cláudia Santos- , Grando Liliane Janete 
Published: July 2020

Aims: To report two cases of onco-hematologic diseases diagnosed by oral biopsy and subsequent flow cytometry immunophenotyping.
Presentation of Case: Case 1: A 36-year-old woman, HIV +, referred to the Hospital Dentistry Center presenting an extensive, ulcerated and painless lesion in the left maxilla involving teeth #24, #25, #26 and #27. A fine needle aspiration and incisional biopsy were performed and one sample was sent to anatomopathological analysis and other to immunophenotyping. Immunophenotyping revealed 31.2% of aberrant plasma cells with phenotype suggestive of plasmablastic lymphoma.
Case 2: 62-year-old male patient attended Hospital Emergency presenting extra and intraoral swelling on the left side of maxilla. Fine needle aspiration and incisional biopsy were performed, followed by pathological analysis and immunophenotyping. Immunophenotyping revealed 40.7% of large mature B cells with phenotype suggestive of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Both patients presented histopathological and immunophenotyping results leading to the same diagnosis. After definitive diagnosis, both patients underwent antineoplastic treatment through cycle of chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Immunophenotyping is a well-established method for the diagnosis of onco-hematologic diseases and has been shown to be effective for the rapid diagnosis of oral tumors.
Evaluation of Drug Utilization Pattern in Cardiovascular Diseases Using WHO/ INRUD Prescribing Indicators at Cardiology OPD of Tertiary Care Hospitals in South India: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Veeramani Vinoth Prabhu 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Aim of this study is to assess the drug utilization pattern of cardiovascular drugs in cardiology outpatient department (OPD).
Methodology: This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional observational study was conducted at three selected tertiary care hospitals from different regions in South India. A total of 1026 prescriptions of the patients attending cardiology OPD of these selected hospitals 342 each over a period of 12 months was randomly identified and included in this study then critically analysed for WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators.
Results: Medicines prescribed from NLEM were 89.27%, average drugs prescribed was 5, medicines prescribed by its generic name were 2.33% and encounters with an injection prescribed were 14.52%. Commonly prescribed different class of drugs for CVDs patients were Anti-platelets (67.73%) followed by Statins (62.57%), Beta blockers (49.51%), ACE-inhibitors (40.93%), Angiotensin receptor blockers (30.40%), Calcium channel blockers (30.11%), Nitrates (25.34%), Diuretics (20.56%), Anticoagulants (20.27%), Vasodilators (9.94%) rest of the cardiovascular drugs were prescribed within 0.5-5% only, other class of drugs also prescribed for patients with different comorbidities are Anti-ulcers (69.10%), Opioid analgesics (4.09%), Antacids (3.80%), Anti-emetics and Pro-kinetics (1.85%), a pattern of poly-pharmacy was clearly evident, majority of drugs were prescribed as single drug (86.78%) whereas 13.21% as FDCs. The most commonly prescribed single drug was Aspirin (59.93%) and FDCs were Aspirin + Clopidogrel (40.24%). Anti-thrombotic agents’ particularly antiplatelet drugs expected to overtake anti-cholesterol drugs as the sales leader in the market. Maximum drugs were prescribed from the recent NLEM of India by most of practitioners its shows its acceptance and implementation by the prescribers.
Conclusion: Deprescribing PPIs for the non-required patients is suggested to lower the risk of adverse drug interactions and economic burden to patients, also pharmacists needs to encourage the prescriptions with drugs in generic name if it’s deviated from the standards recommended by WHO/INRUD.
Recurrence of Ventral Hernia Post Open Ventral Hernia Repair with Mesh and the Mechanism of Its Failure
Authors: Al-Thoubaity Fatma , Ghanem Amjaad Bin , Alharthi Elaf , Almairfi Lujain , Bajunaid Malak , Fallata Nada 
Published: July 2020

Aims: A ventral hernia is a protrusion of viscera through an abdominal wall defect. Ventral hernias are mostly treated by a surgical procedure called open ventral hernia repair (OVHR). However, complications arising from the OVHR procedure may result in the recurrence of a hernia. This study was aimed to measure the recurrence rate of ventral hernia after OVHR with mesh and the reasons for failure.
Study Design: It was a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted on all patients who underwent an OVHR with mesh, between 2010 and 2017, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Data were extracted from KAUH medical records. A total of 241 patients were included in the study, divided into two groups; group 1- patients with recurrence (37 patients) and group 2- patients with no recurrence (204 patients). Consent was taken from patients and preoperative assessment of procedures were performed under general anesthesia. The variables in the study are parameters like age, sex, parity, and history of chronic liver disease and their correlation with recurrence of the hernia. Different variables Data were analyzed by SPSS v 21. Association between the variables was determined using the t-test and Pearson’s Chi-squared tests.
Results: The relationship between recurrence and age was statistically significant (P=0.019). The recurrence of hernia was more frequent in females than males. Patients with a history of multiparity (P=0.00) and liver diseases (P=0.041) showed significant differences in terms of recurrence. The umbilical hernia was more prevalent (133 cases; 55.2%) than other types of hernia. The most frequent site of hernia in the recurrence group was supraumbilical (38.46%; P=0.039).
Conclusion: OVHR is a commonly performed surgical procedure at KAUH. Because of multiparity, ventral hernia recurrence was more common in women than men. To reduce recurrences, we recommend doing exercises to strengthen the abdominal muscles. Patients with chronic liver diseases in the form of portal hypertension should avoid surgical repair. For the surgeons, the type of mesh does not have a significant impact on recurrence.
Design and Implementation of a Wireless Fluid Level Display System Using Ultrasonic Sensing Technique
Authors: Newton Gesa F. , Aondona Terwase I. , Chile C. A. 
Published: July 2020

The wireless fluid level indicator comprises a sensing and transmitting circuit for detecting and transmitting the levels of fluids from a container to the receiving circuit which receives and displays the amount of the measured volume. This has been achieved using an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04), a firmware (PIC16F648A/PIC16F876A microcontroller programmed in C/assembly languages), an encoder (HT12E) and a radio frequency (RF) transmitter transmitting at a bandwidth of 433MHz to an RF receiver interfaced with a decoder (HT12D), liquid crystal display (LCD) and a Buzzer. The device when tested measured water levels and transmitted same over a distance of up to 98.5 meters in open areas and up to 50 meters in highly obstructed areas. The average response time was also estimated to be 0.1 second. As a contact-less depth detection system, the device finds useful applications in measurement of fluid levels in homes and industries where concentrates, table water, transmission oils are produced, without affecting the chemical or physical properties of such substances-an advantage over the contact methods used in fluid level detection.
Aims: To design and implement a wireless microcontroller based fluid level display system using ultrasonic sensing method.
Study Design: By encoding the Transmitter module to sense and detect the amount of water level, while the decoder module decodes the received data and display the result.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, between November 2018 and April 2019.
Methodology: An RF transceiver, encoder/decoder (HT12E/HT12D), a 2x16 Liquid display module, 4MHz crystal oscillator, a buzzer and other peripherals were interfaced to two 8-bit controllers; PIC16F648A and PIC16F876A. The controllers were programmed in C/Assembly languages to enable effective communication of the system. The system was then calibrated to read and transmit water level values from a 30-centimeter deep tank over a distance of 1.0 - 98.5 meters.
Results: The system was tested to have maximum sensitivity over a distance of 98.5 meters in non-obstructed areas and 50 meters in obstructed areas. The average response time was also estimated to be 0.5 seconds.
Conclusion: The design and implementation of a wireless fluid level display system using ultrasonic sensing technique has been successfully done. The system workability is suitable for deployment and usage in domestic and industrial purposes.
The Antibacterial Efficacy of Annona muricata (Linn) Leaves against Some Enteric Bacteria
Authors: Akinde Kehinde Yemisi , Dada Ebenezer Oluyemi 
Published: July 2020

Aims: This research was carried out to evaluate the susceptibility patterns of some enteric bacteria to aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of Annona muricata leaf.
Study Design: Experimental design.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Between January, 2019 and May, 2019.
Methodology: Extraction of bioactive components of leaves was done by maceration and phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaf extracts to determine the bioactive components present. The bacteria isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using standard methods while the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts on human enteric bacteria was determined using agar well dilution method. A. muricata bark extracts were purified using column chromatography method. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) of the extracts was performed using tube dilution technique.
Results: The phytochemical screening of leaf extracts showed presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoid and glycosides. Antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts revealed that aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts had highest zone of inhibition of 22.00±0.58 mm, 24.67±0.33 mm and 24.00±0.58 mm respectively on Salmonella typhi. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) for ethanol extract ranged between 25-100 mg/ml and 50-200 mg/ml respectively while methanol extract ranged between 25-50mg/ml and 50-100 mg/ml respectively. Ciprofloxacin (CPX) was significantly (P≤0.5) the most active of all the antibiotics used against the test organisms (both clinical and typed isolates).
Conclusion: This research revealed that A. muricata leaf extracts possesses antibacterial activity against human enteric bacteria isolates used in this study. The commercial antibiotics were observed to be effective in inhibiting the test organisms. The purified extracts of A. muricata leaf showed higher inhibitory effect compared to crude extracts which can serve as ingredient for the production of novel antibacterial agents for the treatment of infections caused by enteric bacteria.
Molluscicidal Assessment of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam Seed on Bulinus Snail for the Control of Schistosomiasis
Authors: Nnamdi Umetiti Chukwuemeka , Chuka Ene Paschal , Mary Ann Orji Nkeiru , Chinelo U. Umedum , Chukwudi Ugwu Kenneth , Okwudiri Ikeanumba Michael 
Published: July 2020

Aims: This research is essentially on the Molluscicidal assessment of Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam seed on Bulinus Snail for the control of Schistosomiasis.
Study Design: This is a controlled study where a total of 810 Bulinus snails were collected from three different streams with each stream representing a community from each of the three senatorial zones of Anambra state where schistosomiasis was endemic. Aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (Lam) seed at different concentrations were used on the Bulinus snails to determine their molluscidal properties.
Place and Duration of Study: Two hundred and Seventy (270) Bulinus snails were collected from streams representing each of the three senatorial zones of Anambra state viz; Obutu Lake, Omogho town, Orumba North Local Government Area (Anambra South), Agulu Lake, Agulu town, Aniocha Local Government Area (Anambra Central) and Omambra River, Omor town, Ayamelum Local Government Area (Anambra North) This research was carried out between November 2018 to April 2019.
Methodology: Aqueous dilutions of the grinded Moringa oleifera (Lam) seed were exposed to the Bulinus snails from the various streams for 24 hours, after which the snails were removed from the experimental test solution and washed thoroughly with dechlorinated tap water and transferred to containers with fresh dechlorinated tap water for another 24 hours of recovery. The snails were incubated at 28 ± 5°C and fed with lettuce leaves.
Results: Aqueous Moringa oleifera Lam seed extract was toxic to Bulinus adult snails in a dose dependent manner and the total Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC90) values determined after 24 hours exposure from the whole streams were 468 ppm and 813 ppm respectively.
Conclusion: Aqueous seed extract of Moringa oleifera Lam was toxic to Bulinus snail even at low concentrations.
Efficient Assembly of Molecular Complexity Enabled by Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Coupling/C(sp2)−H Activation/ C(sp3)−H Activation Cascade
Authors: He Chen , Han Wen‐Yong , Cui Bao‐Dong , Wan Nan‐Wei , Chen Yong‐Zheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed [2+2+1] annulation among 3‐iodochromones, benzyl bromides, and norbornene has been developed. This annulation consists of a domino sequence involving Heck coupling/C(sp2)−H activation/C(sp3)−H activation, affording a variety of complex chromone derivatives bearing five contiguous tertiary carbon centers in up to 94% yield and 99:1 dr. Interestingly, the diastereoselectivity could be switched by fine‐tuning the solvent, in which endo isomer and exo isomer were obtained using mesitylene/CH3CN and mesitylene, respectively.magnified image
Effects of nitrogen fertilization and planting density on intermediate wheatgrass yield
Authors: Fernandez Christopher W. , Ehlke Nancy , Sheaffer Craig C. , Jungers Jacob M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerennial crops have the potential to provide food, feed, fuel, and fiber while promoting multiple ecosystem services. Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Buckworth & Dewey] is a perennial grass being bred for grain production. Because the development of IWG as a grain crop is still in its infancy, basic agronomic management practices needed to maximize grain yield and profitability remain unclear. We conducted an experiment to test the effect of N fertilizer rate and type (synthetic vs. organic) and planting density on grain and forage yield of IWG at two sites in Minnesota over 3 yr. Nitrogen application had no effect on grain yield in Year 1 but increased yields in Years 2 and 3. Reducing planting density from 145 to 36 seeds m−2 reduced grain yield in Year 1 but increased grain yield in subsequent years, particularly when coupled with inorganic N fertilizer applied at 80 kg N ha−1. A high proportion of fertile tillers was the best predictor of high IWG grain yield, suggesting that shifts toward vegetative growth over sexual reproduction in the years following establishment are associated with grain yield declines. Generally, biomass yield responded positively to increasing N application rates and planting density across all years. Our results indicate that optimizing plant breeding and agronomic practices that promote fertile tiller production will be critical to the future management of IWG as a perennial grain crop.
Toward the coupling of microbial biosynthesis and catalysis for the production of alkylated phenolic compounds
Authors: Li Zhenghong , Zuber Adam , Wang Xiaonan , Marlowe Justin , Vekaria Ashil , Lu Yingxi , Zhang Haoran , Tsilomelekis George 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, petroleum‐free production of alkylated phenols from glycerol was achieved by judicious use of microbial biosynthesis and heterogeneous catalysis with the aim to advance biomass conversion to industrially relevant chemical products. First, metabolically engineered bacterium Escherichia coli was adopted to convert glycerol to phenol. Biophenol was then extracted from the cell culture using select polymeric resins. Desorption of phenol was achieved with tertiary butyl alcohol, which serves also as a reactant in subsequent heterogeneous catalytic reaction. The adopted resins were also compared as catalysts for alkylation of phenol to tert‐butyl phenolic products. Interestingly, the resins exhibited different phenol adsorption and catalytic reactivities. The holistic approach developed by this study offers a unique opportunity to synthesize end products directly from glycerol that cannot be achieved in such an efficient manner (i.e., low temperature, low pressure, and high selectivity) by using microbial biosynthesis or heterogeneous catalysis approaches alone.
Homologisierung der Fischer‐Indol‐Synthese: Chinoline via Homo‐Diaza‐Cope‐Umlagerung
Authors: Gerosa Gabriela Guillermina , Schwengers Sebastian Armin , Maji Rajat , De Chandra Kanta , List Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWir beschreiben eine neuartige Strategie zur Synthese von Chinolinen basierend auf einer Brønsted‐Säure‐induzierten Homo‐Diaza‐Cope‐Umlagerung von N‐Aryl‐N′‐Cyclopropylhydrazinen. Unsere Strategie kann als Homologisierung der klassischen Fischer‐Indol‐Synthese verstanden werden und ermöglicht die Bildung sechsgliedriger N‐Heterocyclen inklusive weiterer, vorher nicht zugänglicher Pyridinderivate. Außerdem kann die Methode als Pyridanellierungsstrategie zur Herstellung polycyclischer Polyheteroaromaten verwendet werden. Theoretische Berechnungen wurden zum Verständnis plausibler Aktivierungsmodi sowie des Einflusses des Katalysators herangezogen.
Heterogeneous Electrofreezing Triggered by CO2 on Pyroelectric Crystals: Qualitatively Different Icing on Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Curland Sofia , Javitt Leah , Weissbuch Isabelle , Ehre David , Lahav Meir , Lubomirsky Igor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBy performing icing experiments on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces of pyroelectric amino acids and on the x‐cut faces of LiTaO3, we discovered that the effect of electrofreezing of super cooled water is triggered by ions of carbonic acid. During the cooling of the hydrophilic pyroelectric crystals, a continuous water layer is created between the charged hemihedral faces, as confirmed by impedance measurements. As a result, a current of carbonic acid ions, produced by dissolved environmental CO2, flows through the wetted layer towards the hemihedral faces and elevates the icing temperature. This proposed mechanism is based on the following: (i) on hydrophilic surfaces, water with dissolved CO2 (pH 4) freezes at higher temperatures than pure water of pH 7. (ii) In the absence of the ionic current, achieved by linking the two hemihedral faces of hydrophilic crystals by a conductive paint, water of the two pH levels freeze at the same temperature. (iii) On hydrophobic crystals with similar pyroelectric coefficients, where there is no continuous wetted layer, no electrofreezing effect is observed.
Atomic Imaging of Subsurface Interstitial Hydrogen and Insights into Surface Reactivity of Palladium Hydrides
Authors: Lin Bingqing , Wu Xi , Xie Lin , Kang Yongqiang , Du Hongda , Kang Feiyu , Li Jia , Gan Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResolving interstitial hydrogen atoms at the surfaces and interfaces is crucial for understanding the mechanical and physicochemical properties of metal hydrides. Although palladium (Pd) hydrides hold important applications in hydrogen storage and electrocatalysis, the atomic position of interstitial hydrogen at Pd hydride near surfaces still remains undetermined. We report the first direct imaging of subsurface hydrogen atoms absorbed in Pd nanoparticles by using differentiated and integrated differential phase contrast within an aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. In contrast to the well‐established octahedral interstitial sites for hydrogen in the bulk, subsurface hydrogen atoms are directly identified to occupy the tetrahedral interstices. DFT calculations show that the amount and the occupation type of subsurface hydrogen atoms play an indispensable role in fine‐tuning the electronic structure and associated chemical reactivity of the Pd surface.