bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity and population structure analysis of Pyricularia oryzae in different districts of Jiangsu province, China
Authors: Qi Zhong‐Qiang , Pan Xiayan , Du Yan , Shen Lerong , Yu Mi‐Na , Cao Hui‐Juan , Song Tian‐Qiao , Yu Jun‐Jie , Zhang Rong‐Sheng , Yong Ming‐Li , Yin Xiao‐Le , Liu Yong‐Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. In this study, 224 isolates were isolated from neck blast samples from nine districts in Jiangsu. We analysed the resistance frequency of 24 resistance (R) genes using 32 monogenic rice lines from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), including Pii, Pik‐h, Pi5, Piz‐5, and Piz, which exhibit high resistance frequencies. PAC (pathogenicity association coefficients) and VAC (virulence association coefficients) analyses identified three combinations of R genes, Piz/Pii, Piz/Piz‐5, and Piz/Pi5, as being suitable for use in Jiangsu. Mating‐type analysis of P. oryzae isolates indicated that sexual reproduction occurred less frequently in northern Jiangsu than in other areas, which may affect genetic diversity and dissemination. Pot2‐TIR analysis indicated that the genetic diversity of P. oryzae in Xuzhou was mainly due to the insertion of transposable elements, while that of Nanjing was due to both the insertion of transposable elements and sexual recombination. Therefore, some R genes or gene combinations were suitable for resistance breeding in Jiangsu, and repetitive‐PCR (rep‐PCR) is a cost‐effective tool for genetically differentiating distinct cultivar‐specific populations or lineages with well‐defined virulence patterns, because of the close correspondence between rep‐PCR based clusters and pathotypes of inbred lines.
Molecular identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium and Alternaria species associated with root rot disease of wolfberry in Gansu and Ningxia provinces, China
Authors: Uwaremwe Constantine , Yue Liang , Liu Yang , Tian Yuan , Zhao Xia , Wang Yun , Xie Zhongkui , Zhang Yubao , Cui Zengtuan , Wang Ruoyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWolfberry (Lycium barbarum) ranks in the top 10 best‐selling medicinal plants in China and it has been used for centuries as a medicine and a food supplement. It is suggested to have benefits on human health due to the rich content of polysaccharides, carotenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids contained in its fruits, leaves, and root bark. Recently, severe root rot diseases have been causing plant losses in major growing areas. Here, we report fungi causing root rot disease in Chinese wolfberry plants. The analysis of nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region revealed a total of 92 isolates isolated from both soil and plant material samples. Fusarium spp. were the most abundant (58%), followed by Penicillium spp. (9%), and Alternaria spp. (5%). Fusarium spp. included F. oxysporum (36%), F. solani (30%), F. chlamydosporum (9%), F. nematophilum (9%), and F. tricinctum (8%). Sequences from the translation elongation factor 1‐α gene (TEF‐1α) were used to confirm the identity of Fusarium spp. and showed the predominance of F. oxysporum and F. solani. To confirm the pathogenicity of isolates, four isolates belonging to Fusarium spp. and one isolate belonging to Alternaria spp., isolated from wolfberry root tissues with root rot symptoms, were tested in outdoor and laboratory conditions. Results revealed that the five tested isolates were pathogenic with varying degrees of aggressiveness and ability to induce symptoms of root rot in wolfberry seedlings. The five isolates were recovered from inoculated seedlings, completing Koch's postulates. This is the first report on causative agents of root rot in Chinese wolfberry.
Dose–Response Modeling: Extrapolating From Experimental Data to Real‐World Populations
Authors: Pratt Adrian , Bennett Emma , Gillard Joseph , Leach Steve , Hall Ian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDose–response modeling of biological agents has traditionally focused on describing laboratory‐derived experimental data. Limited consideration has been given to understanding those factors that are controlled in a laboratory, but are likely to occur in real‐world scenarios. In this study, a probabilistic framework is developed that extends Brookmeyer's competing‐risks dose–response model to allow for variation in factors such as dose‐dispersion, dose‐deposition, and other within‐host parameters. With data sets drawn from dose–response experiments of inhalational anthrax, plague, and tularemia, we illustrate how for certain cases, there is the potential for overestimation of infection numbers arising from models that consider only the experimental data in isolation.
Donor derived hepatitis B virus infection: Analysis of the Organ Procurement & Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing Ad Hoc Disease Transmission Advisory Committee
Authors: Theodoropoulos Nicole M. , La Hoz Ricardo M. , Wolfe Cameron , Vece Gabriel , Bag Remzi , Berry Gerald J. , Bucio Jamie , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Florescu Diana F. , Goldberg David , Ho Chak‐Sum , Lilly Kathleen , Malinis Maricar , Mehta Aneesh K. , Nalesnik Michael A. , Sawyer Robert , Strasfeld Lynne , Wood R. Patrick , Michaels Marian G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted from organ donor to recipient, but details of transmission events are not widely published. The Disease Transmission Advisory Committee (DTAC) evaluated 105 cases of potential donor derived transmission events of HBV between 2009‐2017. Proven, probable or possible transmission of HBV occurred in 25 (23.8%) cases. Recipients of liver grafts were most commonly infected (20 of 21 exposed recipients) compared to 9 of 21 exposed non‐hepatic recipients. Eleven of 25 donors were HBV core antibody (HBcAb) positive/HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) negative and infected 8/20 recipients. Of the 10 liver recipients and 1 liver‐kidney recipient who received organs from these donors: six were not given antiviral prophylaxis, two developed infection after antiviral prophylaxis was discontinued, two developed HBV while on lamivudine prophylaxis, one was on antiviral prophylaxis and did not develop HBV viremia or antigenemia. One recipient of a HBcAb positive/HBsAg negative kidney developed active HBV infection. Unexpected donor‐derived transmission of HBV was a rare event in reports to DTAC, but was often detected in the recipient late post‐transplant. Six of 11 recipients (54.5%) of a liver from a HBcAb positive donor did not receive prophylaxis; all of these were potentially preventable with the use of anti‐viral prophylaxis.
Myoepithelial cells and extracellular matrix in the cytologic differentiation of canine mammary tumors
Authors: Emanuelli Mauren P. , Kommers Glaucia D. , Antoniazzi Alfredo Q. , Bernardes Fernanda C. S. , Lopes Sonia T. A. , Fighera Rafael A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMammary neoplasms are common tumors in intact female dogs. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a valuable diagnostic tool and has gained some credibility in the diagnosis of mammary tumors in dogs. Prompt classification of canine mammary tumors using cytology would enhance feasibility as a prognostic tool and guide clinical and surgical management.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine background elements to differentiate mammary tumors using FNAC. We proposed to distinguish simple from complex and mixed tumors by identifying myoepithelial (ME) cells and different types of extracellular matrix. Additionally, we determined the accuracy of FNAC to differentiate benign from malignant tumors.MethodsOne hundred and one mammary tumors from female dogs were included in this study. We compared FNAC using histopathology as the gold standard. Cellular and background components were evaluated and identified. The cytologic accuracy, sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for diagnosing malignancy were determined, excluding inadequate samples.ResultsThe cytologic‐histologic agreement was 92.5% for simple carcinomas, 57.9% for complex‐type carcinomas, 57.1% for mixed‐type carcinomas, 27.3% for carcinosarcomas, and 100% for osteosarcomas. Myoepithelial cells were successfully identified using FNAC. Myxoid and chondroid/osteoid matrix were satisfactorily recognized. Cytologic accuracy, Se, Sp, PPV, and NPV for diagnosing malignancy were 99%, 100%, 83%, 99%, and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsChondroid/osteoid matrix was noted in mixed tumors but not in complex tumors. Myxoid matrix, often associated with ME cells, was noted in complex and mixed tumors. Mesenchymal cells were differentiated from ME cells, allowing the distinction of simple carcinomas with scirrhous reaction from complex and mixed tumors.
Noise levels in an academic veterinary intensive care unit
Authors: Dornbusch Josephine , Boston Sarah , Colee James 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the noise levels in a veterinary Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and ascertain how they compare to current recommendations in the human literature.DesignA Larson Davis SoundTrack LXT Sound Meter device measured noise levels in a veterinary ICU for 41 days.SettingSpecialty referral academic small animal teaching hospital ICU.AnimalsPassive involvement of dogs and cats housed in the ICU during the study period of 41 days.InterventionsNo alterations to the hospital environment or patient care were made.MeasurementsA‐weighted average (LAeq) and maximum decibel measurements (LFmax) were recorded. The data were analyzed to look for correlations in elevated noise levels with the number and type of patients hospitalized, the time of day, and whether it was a weekday or weekend.Main ResultsThe average, median, and maximum decibel levels measured in our ICU were 76.97 dB(A), 76.13 dB(A), and 86.54 dB(A), respectively, for the duration of this study. The time frames of 6:00 am to 9:00 am and 6:00 pm to 9:00 pm were associated with higher decibel levels in this study.ConclusionsThe noise levels recorded in this study exceed the World Health Organization recommendations for noise levels in hospital care settings and are higher than the previously reported elevated noise levels in 2 veterinary referral private practice ICUs. Increased noise levels in veterinary ICUs may have adverse effects on our veterinary patients and staff and warrant further investigation.
Clinical outcomes of cardiac surgery patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange for heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Moreno‐Duarte Ingrid , Cooter Mary , Onwuemene Oluwatoyosi A. , Ghadimi Kamrouz , Welsby Ian J 
Published: September 2020

Background and ObjectivesHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an antibody‐mediated condition that leads to thrombocytopenia and possible thrombosis. Patients with HIT who require cardiac surgery pose a challenge as high doses of heparin or heparin alternatives are required to permit cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Intraoperative therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a valuable adjunct in the management of antibody‐mediated syndromes including HIT. The clinical impact of TPE on thromboembolic events, bleeding and mortality after heparin re‐exposure is not well established. We hypothesized that TPE with heparin re‐exposure will not lead to HIT‐related thromboembolic events, bleeding or increased mortality after cardiac surgery with CPB.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed 330 patients who received perioperative TPE between September 2012 and September 2017.ResultsTwenty four patients received TPE for HIT before anticipated heparin use for CPB. Most patients were males (79%) scheduled for advanced heart failure therapies. Three patients (12·5%) died within 30 days after surgery but none of the deaths were considered HIT‐related. Thromboembolic events (TE) occurred in 3 patients within 7 days of surgery; of those, two were possibly HIT‐related.ConclusionTherapeutic plasma exchange with heparin re‐exposure was not strongly associated with HIT‐related thrombosis/death after cardiac surgery with CPB.
Influence of Fe(III)‐OTC complex on degradation of OTC with Fe(II)/H2O2 under simulated solar light
Authors: Wenlong Bi , Dong Wenbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe typical antibiotic Oxytetracycline (OTC) remained in the environment and it was widely used. And the migration and transformation of OTC in natural environment and its harmfulness had become the focus of attention. Thus, the influence of Fe(II/III)‐OTC complex on degradation of OTC by Fe(II)/H2O2 under simulated solar light was investigated. The results showed that the average ratio of OTC‐Fe(II/III) complexes formed by OTC and Fe(III) was 1:1 at pH = 2.5. In addition, it was difficult to obtain the stability constant of Fe(III)‐OTC complexes effectively considering the morphology of Fe(III) and the complexation sites of OTC. And when OTC:Fe(II):H2O2 = 1:1.5:2, the removal rate of OTC was 82% after 1 h, however, simulated solar light could not improve the degradation of OTC effectively. Furthermore, the existence of OTC‐Fe(II/III) complex led to the slow degradation stage of OTC degradation by Fe(II)/H2O2. It could be concluded that the Fe(III)‐OTC complex might prolong the retention time of OTC in the environment.
Evaluation of waste stabilisation pond units for treating domestic wastewater
Authors: Letshwenyo Moatlhodi Wise , Thumule Shepherd , Elias Kealeboga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of individual units of waste stabilisation ponds (WSPs) system treating domestic wastewater. The study was conducted by measuring the concentrations of physiochemical parameters and bacteriological indictors in the influent and effluent samples of each pond. The thickness of sludge was determined by measuring depths of sludge layer in each pond. Knowing the performance of each pond will speed up targeted intervention to improve performance. The influent was mainly characterised by 224, 500, 270 mg L−1, 258 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) respectively, of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and 35600 coliform forming units/100 ml of faecal coliforms. Bacteriological counts were fluctuating and effluent faecal coliforms counts were 1.22 × 104 ± 2.0 × 102 coliform forming units/100 ml. The hydraulic retention times (HRTs) decreased by 2.0, 13.6 and 7.2 days in the first three ponds and by 3.3 days in the last three ponds. Biochemical oxygen demand in the final effluent was 40 mg L−1 more than the design value of f 25 mg L−1. Chemical oxygen demand in the final effluent was 190 mg L−1, higher than the prescribed limit of 150 mg L−1 of discharge into rivers. Total suspended solids in the final effluent was 150 ± 127 mg L−1 more than the national limit of 25 mg L−1. Total suspended solids and turbidity correlated positively with bacteriological indicators, but there was no correlation with temperature except with faecal coliforms. There was also no correlation observed between suspended solids and pH. The treatment system did not meet the design treatment criteria because of overloading as a result of increased population which exceeded the design value. The final effluent from the system did not meet the discharge limits, therefore, it is unsuitable for discharge into the environment as it can pollute ground and surface waters as well as the open environment. Knowledge on the performance of each pond will help in proper interventions to be undertaken at the targeted pond or unit. It is therefore eminent to desludge each pond as a short‐term solution and expand the system for a long‐term solution.
Protein‐carbohydrate ingestion alters Vps34 cellular localization independent of changes in kinase activity in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Hodson Nathan , Dent Jessica R. , Song Zhe , O'Leary Mary F. , Nicholson Thomas , Jones Simon W. , Murray James T. , Jeromson Stewart , Hamilton D. Lee , Breen Leigh , Philp Andrew 
Published: September 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?Is Vps34 a nutrient‐sensitive activator of mTORC1 in human skeletal muscle?
What is the main finding and its importance?We show that altering nutrient availability, via protein‐carbohydrate feeding, does not increase Vps34 kinase activity in human skeletal muscle. Instead, feeding increased Vps34‐mTORC1 co‐localization in parallel to increased mTORC1 activity. These findings may have important implications in the understanding nutrient‐induced mTORC1 activation in skeletal muscle via interaction with Vps34.
AbstractThe Class III PI3Kinase, Vps34, has recently been proposed as a nutrient sensor, essential for activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1). We therefore investigated the effects of increasing nutrient availability through protein‐carbohydrate (PRO‐CHO) feeding on Vps34 kinase activity and cellular localization in human skeletal muscle. Eight young, healthy males (21 ± 0.5 yrs, 77.7 ± 9.9 kg, 25.9 ± 2.7 kg/m2, mean ± SD) ingested a PRO‐CHO beverage containing 20/44/1 g PRO/CHO/FAT respectively, with skeletal muscle biopsies obtained at baseline and 1 h and 3 h post‐feeding. PRO‐CHO feeding did not alter Vps34 kinase activity, but did stimulate Vps34 translocation toward the cell periphery (PRE (mean ± SD) – 0.273 ± 0.040, 1 h – 0.348 ± 0.061, Pearson's Coefficient (r)) where it co‐localized with mTOR (PRE – 0.312 ± 0.040, 1 h – 0.348 ± 0.069, Pearson's Coefficient (r)). These alterations occurred in parallel to an increase in S6K1 kinase activity (941 ± 466% of PRE at 1 h post‐feeding). Subsequent in vitro experiments in C2C12 and human primary myotubes displayed no effect of the Vps34‐specific inhibitor SAR405 on mTORC1 signalling responses to elevated nutrient availability. Therefore, in summary, PRO‐CHO ingestion does not increase Vps34 activity in human skeletal muscle, whilst pharmacological inhibition of Vps34 does not prevent nutrient stimulation of mTORC1 in vitro. However, PRO‐CHO ingestion promotes Vps34 translocation to the cell periphery, enabling Vps34 to associate with mTOR. Therefore, our data suggests that interaction between Vps34 and mTOR, rather than changes in Vps34 activity per se may be involved in PRO‐CHO activation of mTORC1 in human skeletal muscle.
Single Degree-of-Freedom Modeling of the Nonlinear Vibration Response of a Machining Robot
Authors: Mohammadi Yaser , Ahmadi Keivan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly dynamic machining forces can cause excessive and unstable vibrations when industrial robots are used to perform high-force operations such as milling and drilling. Implementing appropriate optimization and control strategies to suppress vibrations during robotic machining requires accurate models of the robot’s vibration response to the machining forces generated at its tool center point (TCP). The existing models of machining vibrations assume the linearity of the structural dynamics of the robotic arm. This assumption, considering the inherent nonlinearities in the robot’s revolute joints, may cause considerable inaccuracies in predicting the extent and stability of vibrations during the process. In this article, a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system with the nonlinear restoring force is used to model the vibration response of a KUKA machining robot at its TCP (i.e., machining tool-tip). The experimental identification of the restoring force shows that its damping and stiffness components can be approximated using cubic models. Subsequently, the higher-order frequency response functions (HFRFs) of the SDOF system are estimated experimentally, and the parameters of the SDOF system are identified by curve fitting the resulting HFRFs. The accuracy of the presented SDOF modeling approach in capturing the nonlinearity of the TCP vibration response is verified experimentally. It is shown that the identified models accurately predict the variation of the receptance of the nonlinear system in the vicinity of well-separated peaks, but nonlinear coupling around closely spaced peaks may cause inaccuracies in the prediction of system dynamics.
Process Capability of Aerosol-Jet Additive Processes for Long-Runs Up to 10-Hours
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Abrol Amrit , Kothari Nakul , Leever Benjamin , Miller Scott 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, printed circuit assemblies have been fabricated through a combination of imaging and plating-based subtractive processes involving the use of photo-exposure followed by baths for plating and etching in order to form the necessary circuitry on rigid and flexible laminates. The emergence of a number of additive technologies presents an opportunity for the development of processes for manufacturing of flexible substrates by utilizing mainstream additive processes. Aerosol-jet printing is capable of printing lines and spaces below 10 μm in width. The aerosol-jet system also supports a wide variety of materials, including nanoparticle inks, screen-printing pastes, conductive polymers, insulators, adhesives, and biological matter. The adoption of additive manufacturing for high-volume commercial fabrication requires an understanding of the print consistency and electrical mechanical properties. Little literature that addresses the effect of varying sintering time and temperature on the shear strength and resistivity of the printed lines exists. In this study, the effect of process parameters on the resultant line consistency and mechanical and electrical properties has been studied. Print process parameters studied include sheath rate, mass flow rate, nozzle size, substrate temperature, and chiller temperature. Properties include resistance and shear load to failure of the printed electrical line as a function of varying sintering time and temperature. The aerosol-jet machine has been used to print interconnects. Printed samples have been exposed to different sintering times and temperatures. The resistance and shear load to failure of the printed lines have been measured. The underlying physics of the resultant trend was then investigated using elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of line consistency drift over prolonged runtimes has been measured for up to 10 h of runtime. The printing process efficiency has been gaged as a function of the process capability index (Cpk) and process capability ratio (Cp). Printed samples were studied offline utilizing optical profilometry in order to analyze the consistency within the line width, height, and resistance, and shear load to study the variance in electrical and mechanical properties over time.
Implications of giant ooids for the carbonate chemistry of Early Triassic seawater
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Trower Elizabeth J. , Lehrmann Daniel J. , Minzoni Marcello , Kelley Brian M. , Schaal Ellen K. , Altiner Demir , Yu Meiyi , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Lower Triassic limestones contain giant ooids (&gt;2 mm) along with other precipitated carbonate textures more typical of Precambrian strata. These features appear to have resulted from changes in seawater chemistry associated with the end-Permian mass extinction, but quantifying the carbonate chemistry of Early Triassic seawater has remained challenging. To constrain seawater carbonate saturation state, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and pH, we applied a physicochemical model of ooid formation constrained by new size data on Lower Triassic ooids from south China, finding that the Triassic giant ooids require a higher carbonate saturation state than typifies modern sites of ooid formation. Model calculations indicate that Early Triassic oceans were at least seven times supersaturated with respect to aragonite and calcite. When combined with independent constraints on atmospheric pCO2 and oceanic [Ca2+], these findings require that Early Triassic oceans had more than twice the modern levels of dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity and a pH near 7.6. Such conditions may have played a role in inhibiting the recovery of skeletal animals and algae during Early Triassic time.