bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalised infants due to falls aged less 12 months in New South Wales from 2002 to 2013
Authors: Cooray Nipuna , Adams Susan , Zeltzer Justin , Nassar Natasha , Brown Julie 
Published: August 2020

AimFalls are the most common injury mechanism of children <12 months in Australia. We aimed to determine the prevalence of hospital admission following a fall among New South Wales (NSW) infants and changes in admission rate over time. Secondary aims were to examine demographics, nature of injury and trends by age groups associated with developmental milestones and fall mechanism.MethodsThis was a retrospective, population‐based study across NSW from 2002 to 2013 using the NSW Admitted Patient Data collection. Infants with recorded falls, external causes of morbidity and mortality and activity codes were assessed. Main outcome measures were absolute numbers, rates and proportions by year, age group, socio‐demographics, fall mechanism, injury type, body region affected and admission outcome.ResultsA total of 4380 cases were identified. Numbers increased over years (342 in 2002 to 469 in 2013). Rate of admissions per 10 000 population were 40.37 in 2002 and 47.18 in 2013 (average increase 0.9% per year, P = 0.25). 76% resided in a major city, 23% resided in the least disadvantaged areas and 18% in the most disadvantaged. Falls from furniture and falls while being carried were most common. 85% suffered a head injury, 70% of which had a traumatic brain injury (TBI). There were seven deaths and one quarter of surviving infants were admitted for 2 or more days.ConclusionsHospital admission following a fall is a long‐standing problem with no improvement among infants in NSW, commonly leading to head injury and traumatic brain injury. Effective prevention interventions are needed.
Berberine, a natural alkaloid sensitizes human hepatocarcinoma to ionizing radiation by blocking autophagy and cell cycle arrest resulting in senescence
Authors: Ramesh Gautham , Das Shubhankar , Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To study the radiosensitizing potential of Berberine and the underlying mechanism in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells.

Methods
HepG2 cells were challenged with X-rays in combination with Berberine treatment and several in vitro assays were performed. Alteration in cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Changes in intracellular ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential/mass, intracellular acidic vesicular organelles as well as cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were analysed by flow cytometry. Induction of autophagy was assessed by staining the cells with Monodansylcadaverine/Lysotracker red dyes and immunoblotting for LC3I/II and p62 proteins. Phase-contrast/fluorescence microscopy was employed to study mitotic catastrophe and senescence. Cellular senescence was confirmed by immunoblotting for p21 levels and ELISA for Interleukin-6.

Key findings
X-rays + Berberine had a synergistic effect in reducing cell proliferation accompanied by a robust G2/M arrest. Berberine-mediated radiosensitization was associated with elevated levels of LC3II and p62 suggesting blocked autophagy that was followed by mitotic catastrophe and senescence. Treatment of cells with X-rays + Berberine resulted in increased oxidative stress, hyperpolarized mitochondria with increased mitochondrial mass and reduced ATP levels.

Conclusions
The study expands the understanding of the pharmacological properties of Berberine and its applicability as a radiosensitizer towards treating liver cancer.
Recombinant ling zhi-8 enhances Tregs function to restore glycemic control in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Xiao Hongyu , Fang Zhi , He Xueling , Ding Ping , Cao Yongkai , Chan Shamyuen , Hou Shaozhen , Liang Jian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the effect of recombinant LZ-8 (rLZ-8) on streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and further illustrate its underlying mechanism.

Methods
Rats were intraperitoneally injected with single-dose STZ 50 mg/kg for induction of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and then, the diabetic rats were treated with rLZ-8 for 3 months. The clinical symptoms, fasting blood glucose, insulin, cytokines, histopathology, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of rLZ-8 on alleviating diabetes mellitus (DM).

Key findings
Treatment with rLZ-8 obviously alleviated the clinical symptoms of T1D and dose-dependently reduced the levels of blood glucose, blood lipid and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in diabetic rat model. Meanwhile, rLZ-8 markedly increased insulin secretion and protected against STZ-induced pancreatic tissue injury. Additionally, rLZ-8 dramatically inhibited the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and obviously increased the level of IL-10 in serum and pancreas. Further investigation indicated that rLZ-8 treatment significantly increased the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and up-regulated the expression of Foxp3 to restore balance between anti-inflammatory and inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions
These data suggest that rLZ-8 can antagonize STZ-induced T1D, and its mechanism may be related to inhibit inflammation and enhance Tregs generation.
Metabolome modulatory effects of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit extracts on oxidative stress, hyperlipidaemic biomarkers in STZ-induced diabetic rats and antidiabetic effects in 3T3 L1 adipocytes
Authors: Fagbohun Oladapo F , Olawoye Babatunde , Ademakinwa Adedeji N , Jolayemi Kehinde A , Msagati Titus A M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The management of diabetes is considered a global problem, and a cure is yet to be discovered. This study investigated the modulatory effect of Kigelia africana fruit on oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemic biomarkers in STZ-induced diabetic rats, profiled phytoconstituents using GC-TOF-MS and evaluated antidiabetic effects on 3T3 L1 adipocytes.

Methods
Thirty male Wistar rats (120–150 g) were divided into six groups (n = 5). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) and treated with 100, 200 and 400 of hexane fraction of KA for 28 days. Immunohistochemical evaluation was carried out using avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase (ABI) method. Catalase and SOD activities as well as the levels of total protein, albumin, bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein were measured.

Key findings
The expressions of oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemic biomarkers alongside fasting blood glucose concentrations were remarkedly decreased in KA-treated diabetic rats. Moreover, there was a significant increase in endocrine cell distribution, area covered with increase in β-cell mass, composition and morphology of KA-treated animals. Additionally, there was constant up-regulation in 3T3 L1 adipocytes due to the presence of phytoconstituents.

Conclusion
Kigelia africana fruit can act as a modulatory agent due to its ameliorative effects against oxidative stress.
Peripheral neutrophil phenotypes during management of periodontitis
Authors: Medara Nidhi , Lenzo Jason C. , Walsh Katrina A. , Reynolds Eric C. , O’Brien‐Simpson Neil M. , Darby Ivan B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNeutrophils are emerging as a key player in periodontal pathogenesis. The surface expression of cellular markers enables functional phenotyping of neutrophils which have distinct roles in disease states. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of periodontal management on neutrophil phenotypes in peripheral blood in periodontitis patients over one year.Materials and MethodsPeripheral blood and the periodontal parameters, mean probing depth and percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (%BOP), were collected from 40 healthy controls and 54 periodontitis patients at baseline and 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐ months post‐treatment. Flow cytometry was used to identify CD11b+, CD16b+, CD62L− and CD66b+ expression on neutrophils, neutrophil maturation stages as promyelocytes (CD11b−CD16b−), metamyelocytes (CD11b+CD16b−) and mature neutrophils (CD11b+CD16b+), and suppressive neutrophil phenotype as bands (CD16dimCD62Lbright), normal neutrophils (CD16brightCD62Lbright) and suppressive neutrophils (CD16brightCD62Ldim).ResultsCD62L− expression decreased with treatment. No differences were observed in neutrophil maturation stages in health or disease upon treatment. Suppressive and normal neutrophils showed a reciprocal relationship, where suppressive neutrophils decreased with treatment and normal neutrophils increased with treatment. In addition, %BOP was associated with suppressive neutrophils.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that management of periodontitis significantly modifies distinct neutrophil phenotypes in peripheral blood. Suppressive neutrophils may play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, their exact role is unclear and requires further investigation.
Efficacy of intramuscular hydroxocobalamin supplementation in cats with cobalamin deficiency and gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Kook Peter H. , Melliger Roger H. , Hersberger Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn humans, absorption and tissue retention rates of intramuscularly administered hydroxocobalamin (OH‐Cbl) are superior compared to cyanocobalamin (CN‐Cbl). Supplementation with OH‐Cbl has not been described in cats.ObjectivesTo evaluate effects of parenteral OH‐Cbl supplementation on clinical signs, serum Cbl and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in hypocobalaminemic cats with gastrointestinal disease.AnimalsTwenty‐three client‐owned cats.MethodsProspective study. Serum Cbl and MMA concentrations were determined at enrollment (t0), immediately before the 4th OH‐Cbl IM injection (300 μg, given q2 weeks) (t1), and 4 weeks after the 4th injection (t2). Severity of clinical signs (activity, appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, body weight) was graded at each time point and expressed as clinical disease activity score.ResultsMedian clinical disease activity score decreased significantly from t0 (6; range, 2‐10) to t1 (1; range, 0‐6) and t2 (1; range, 0‐9). Median serum Cbl concentration increased significantly from 111 pmol/L (range, 111‐218; reference range, 225‐1451 pmol/L) at t0 to 1612 pmol/L (range, 526‐14 756) (P < .001) at t1, and decreased again significantly to 712 pmol/L (range, 205‐4265) (P < .01) at t2. Median baseline serum MMA concentration at t0 (802 nmol/L; range, 238‐151 000; reference range, 120‐420 nmol/L) decreased significantly (P < .001) to 199 nmol/L (range, 29‐478) at t1, and was 205 nmol/L (range, 88‐734) at t2. Serum MMA concentrations normalized in 22/23 cats at t1, and were not significantly higher at t2 compared to t1.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe herein described OH‐Cbl injection scheme appears efficacious for normalization of cellular Cbl deficiency in cats with gastrointestinal disease.
Effect of ketoprofen co‐administration on pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following repeated administration in goats
Authors: Tekeli Ibrahim Ozan , Turk Erdinc , Durna Corum Duygu , Corum Orhan , Kirgiz Fatma Ceren , Sakin Fatih , Uney Kamil 
Published: August 2020

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome (2 mg/kg every 24 hr for 5 days) was determined following intramuscular administration alone and co‐administration with ketoprofen (3 mg/kg every 24 hr for 5 days) in goats. Six goats were used for the study. In the study, the crossover pharmacokinetics design with 20‐day washout period was performed in two periods. Plasma concentrations of cefquinome were assayed using high‐performance liquid chromatography by ultraviolet detection. The mean terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2ʎz), area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–24), peak concentration (Cmax), apparent volume of distribution (Vdarea/F), and total body clearance (CL/F) of cefquinome after the administration alone were 4.85 hr, 11.06 hr*µg/ml, 2.37 µg/mL, 1.23 L/kg, and 0.17 L/h/kg after the first dose, and 5.88 hr, 17.01 hr*µg/mL, 3.04 µg/mL, 0.95 L/kg, and 0.11 L/h/kg after the last dose. Ketoprofen significantly prolonged t1/2ʎz of cefquinome, increased AUC0–24 and Cmax, and decreased Vdarea/F and CL/F. Cefquinome exhibited low accumulation after the administration alone and in combination with ketoprofen. These results indicated that ketoprofen prolonged the elimination of cefquinome in goats. The 24‐hr dosing intervals at 2 mg/kg dose of cefquinome, which co‐administered with ketoprofen, may maintain T> minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values above 40% in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible pathogens with the MIC value of ≤0.75 μg/ml in goats with an inflammatory condition.
Do regeneration traits vary according to vegetation structure? A case study for savannas
Authors: Escobar Diego F E , Silveira Fernando A O , Morellato Leonor Patricia C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimRegeneration traits are crucial for understanding patterns and processes in plant communities. However, regeneration traits are not reported much in community ecology, preventing a better assessment of trait‐based community assembly. Here we assessed habitat‐related regeneration traits by comparing species from open (grassland and shrubland) and closed (woodland) Brazilian savannas (cerrado).LocationOur study site comprised two cerrado areas in southeastern Brazil that range from open to closed vegetation types, as examples of an ecological gradient of resources and environmental conditions.MethodsWe classified 82 species according to dormancy (non‐dormant, physiological, physical, physiophysical, morphological, and morphophysiological dormancy), dispersal syndrome (autochory, anemochory, exozoochory, endozoochory), and dispersal season (rainy, dry, rainy‐to‐dry and dry‐to‐rainy transitions). We determined seed mass, germination percentage, mean germination time and coefficient of variation of germination time in conditions of optimal temperatures. Principal coordinates Analysis (PCoA) was used to explore the relationships between regeneration traits and vegetation types.ResultsThe two main axes of the PCoA explained 38% of the total variance. The first axis was related to germination traits (germination percentage, mean gemination time, and coefficient of variation of gemination time) and separated dormant from non‐dormant species, whereas the second axis was related to seed mass, growth form, and dispersal syndromes which sharply separated open‐ and closed‐savanna species. Unexpectedly, seed germination and dormancy traits did not differ among open‐ and closed‐savanna species.ConclusionsSeasonality is a strong filter for both germination and seedling establishment that shapes germination strategies regardless of vegetation type. The dominant strategy was dispersal of non‐dormant seeds in the rainy season, while the least common strategy was dispersal of dormant seeds during the rainy‐to‐dry season transition. Habitat‐related germination strategies were related to growth form and seed mass, improving our understanding of community assembly in species‐rich Brazilian savannas.
Changes in thermal quality of the environment along an elevational gradient affect investment in thermoregulation by Yarrow’s spiny lizards
Authors: Lymburner A.H. , Blouin‐Demers G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBody temperature affects physiological processes and, consequently, is assumed to have a large impact on fitness. Lizards need to thermoregulate behaviourally to maintain their body temperature within a range that maximizes performance, but there are costs associated with thermoregulation. The thermal quality of an environment directly affects the amount of time and energy that must be invested by an individual to maintain an optimal body temperature for performance; time and energy are major costs of thermoregulation. According to Huey and Slatkin’s (Q. Rev. Biol. 1976, 363) cost–benefit model of thermoregulation, lizards should only thermoregulate when the benefits outweigh the costs. Thus, in habitats of poor thermal quality, lizards should invest less into thermoregulation. We tested the hypothesis that the thermal quality of an environment dictates investment in thermoregulation across an elevational gradient. Increases in elevation are accompanied by decreases in temperature and therefore thermal quality. We recorded body temperatures of Yarrow’s spiny lizards (Sceloporus jarrovii) at ten talus slopes along an elevational gradient of over 1000 m. We found a significant positive relationship between elevation and effectiveness of thermoregulation, opposite to the prediction of the cost–benefit model of thermoregulation. This suggests that the disadvantages of thermoconformity may be greater than the costs of thermoregulating as habitats become more thermally challenging.
‘Filamentary relations’: Virginia Woolf and India
Authors: Chaudhuri Supriya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWoolf's own phrase, ‘filamentary relations’, referring to threads or filaments, ‘webs of nerve’, that reach out and touch, but may also snap and break, offers a better metaphor for Woolf's links with India than notions of filiation or affiliation. This essay traces the phrase ‘filaments of the nerve’ to Alexander Bain's The Senses and the Intellect (1855), the first text to mention a ‘stream of consciousness’. I use the trope of the filament to explore the references to India that contextualize characters and histories in Woolf's work, the transnational modernist and anti‐imperial print networks within which she was placed and the threads of connection that Indian writers work into their own texts. But just as the affective range of Woolf's textual filaments is limited by location and ideology, there are breaks and ruptures, too, in the networks of transnational modernism. Nevertheless, postcolonial Indian writers can be seen to look back at Woolf through lines of textual relation, filaments that form a postmodern web of connections. The essay offers a reading of responses to Woolf by Indian novelists across three generations: Jyotirmoyee Devi, Anita Desai and Sunetra Gupta.
Association between the maternal protein nutrition status during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth
Authors: Xiong Ting , Wu Yuanjue , Huang Li , Chen Xi , Zhang Yu , Zhong Chunrong , Gao Qin , Hong Miao , Hu Xingwen , Yang Xuefeng , Yang Nianhong , Hao Liping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe aimed to assess protein nutrition status during pregnancy by maternal plasma total protein (MTP) levels in urban pregnant women and to explore the association between the trimester‐specific MTP levels and risk of preterm birth (PTB).A prospective design was conducted in 3,382 mother‐newborn pairs with the second‐trimester maternal MTP information and in 3,478 mother‐newborn pairs with the third‐trimester MTP information. Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the associations between MTP levels and PTB risk as well as gestational duration, respectively.Nearly all the second‐trimester MTP levels were within the clinical reference range, but more than 40% of the third‐trimester MTP levels were less than the lower limit of normal. No significant association was found between the second‐trimester MTP level and PTB risk. However, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of PTB across increasing quartiles of the third‐trimester MTP levels were 1.00 (reference), 0.59 (0.36, 0.95), 0.35 (0.20, 0.60), and 0.32 (0.19, 0.53) (p for trend < 0.001), respectively. Each standard deviations increment of the third‐trimester MTP was associated with increase of 0.13 weeks in gestational duration. Moreover, stratified analyses showed that the effects of third‐trimester MTP on PTB risk and gestational duration were stronger in pregnant women carrying female offspring than those carrying male offspring (p for interaction < 0.05).The third‐trimester MTP level was inversely associated with PTB risk and was positively associated with gestational duration. Improving third‐trimester MTP level may be helpful for preventing PTB.
Dual RNA‐sequencing analyses of a coral and its native symbiont during the establishment of symbiosis
Authors: Mohamed Amin R. , Andrade Natalia , Moya Aurelie , Chan Cheong Xin , Negri Andrew P. , Bourne David G. , Ying Hua , Ball Eldon E. , Miller David J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the ecological significance of the mutualistic relationship between Symbiodiniaceae and reef‐building corals, the molecular interactions during establishment of this relationship are not well understood. This is particularly true of the transcriptional changes that occur in the symbiont. In the current study, a dual RNA‐sequencing approach was used to better understand transcriptional changes on both sides of the coral–symbiont interaction during the colonization of Acropora tenuis by a compatible Symbiodiniaceae strain (Cladocopium goreaui; ITS2 type C1). Comparison of transcript levels of the in hospite symbiont 3, 12, 48 and 72 hr after exposure to those of the same strain in culture revealed that extensive and generalized down‐regulation of symbiont gene expression occurred during the infection process. Included in this “symbiosis‐derived transcriptional repression” were a range of stress response and immune‐related genes. In contrast, a suite of symbiont genes implicated in metabolism was upregulated in the symbiotic state. The coral data support the hypothesis that immune‐suppression and arrest of phagosome maturation play important roles during the establishment of compatible symbioses, and additionally imply the involvement of some SCRiP family members in the colonization process. Consistent with previous ecological studies, the transcriptomic data suggest that active translocation of metabolites to the host may begin early in the colonization process, and thus that the mutualistic relationship can be established at the larval stage. This dual RNA‐sequencing study provides insights into the transcriptomic remodelling that occurs in C. goreaui during transition to a symbiotic lifestyle and the novel coral genes implicated in symbiosis.