bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with hypertensive crisis admitted to University of Gondar Specialized Hospital, northwest Ethiopia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gebresillassie Begashaw Melaku , Debay Yabsira Belayneh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite major public health initiatives are working in the control of hypertension, hypertensive crisis remains an important clinical problem. This study aimed at examining the characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients with hypertensive crisis admitted to the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on patient medical records (n = 304) between January 01, 2013 and December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version21. A total of 252 patient medical records were included in the analysis. The mean age of the entire patients was 54 ± 17 years. Two hundred and nineteen (86.9%) patients have a documented history of hypertension and on antihypertensive drugs (n = 166, 65.9%). The majority of cases (n = 166, 65.9%) were hypertensive urgencies. In more than one‐third of the patients (n = 98, 38.9%), the cause of the illness was attributed to non‐compliance to therapy. The most common presenting signs and symptoms at admission were headache (n = 170, 67.5%), dyspnea (n = 36, 14.3%), and vomiting (n = 33, 13.1%). Of 852 tests ordered, the results of one‐third (n = 298,34.9%) were abnormal. Nearly two‐thirds (n = 336, 59.2%) of prescriptions documented were for hypertensive urgency. Captopril (n = 136, 23.9%) and hydralazine (n = 43, 7.6%) were the most commonly prescribed oral and intravenous drugs respectively. Ten patients died during 55 hours of hospital stay. All hospital mortalities were documented for a hypertensive emergency. The median decrement of diastolic blood pressure among patients with no history of previous admission and hypertensive urgency was significantly higher than those patients with a previous history of admission (P = .005) and hypertensive emergency (P = .010). These findings justify better treatment and follow‐up for these patients. Most importantly, to improve compliance with treatment health professionals should provide education to the patients.
Activating Nrf2 signalling alleviates osteoarthritis development by inhibiting inflammasome activation
Authors: Yan Zijian , Qi Weihui , Zhan Jingdi , Lin Zeng , Lin Jian , Xue Xinghe , Pan Xiaoyun , Zhou Yulong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), which is characterized by proliferation of subchondral bone and the degeneration of articular cartilage, is the most prevalent human arthritis. Nod‐like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a hot spot in recent year and has been reported to be associated with OA synovial inflammation. However, there are few studies on NLRP3 inflammasome in chondrocyte. Licochalcone A (Lico A), a compound extracted from Glycyrrhiza species, has various biological effects such as anti‐inflammation, anti‐apoptotic, anti‐cancer and anti‐oxidation. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Lico A on chondrocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and surgically induced OA models. In vitro, Lico A could reduce the expression of NLRP3, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein (ASC), Gasdermin D (GSDMD), caspase‐1, interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) and IL‐18, which indicated that Lico A attenuates LPS‐induced chondrocytes pyroptosis. In addition, Lico A ameliorates the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by enhancing the expression of aggrecan and collagen‐II. Meanwhile, we found that Lico A inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome via nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/haeme oxygenase‐1(HO‐1)/nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) axis. And the Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) could reverse the anti‐pyroptosis effects of Lico A in mouse OA chondrocytes. In vivo, Lico A mitigates progression OA in a mouse model and reduces OA Research Society International (OARSI) scores. Thus, Lico A may have therapeutic potential in OA.
Efficacy of a modified short fully covered self‐expandable metal stent for perihilar benign biliary strictures
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Jo Seok Jung , Park Jae Keun , Yang Jae Kook , Cha Sang‐Woo , Cho Young Deok , Park Sang‐Heum 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic management of a benign biliary stricture (BBS) on the hilum is complicated and challenging. Although the placement of a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) is possible to increase effectiveness, stent migration and stent‐induced adverse events are problematic. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a modified short FCSEMS with a long lasso in patients with a difficult perihilar BBS.MethodsPatients with perihilar BBS within 2 cm from the hilar confluence that failed initially with plastic stents were enrolled. A modified short FCSEMS was deployed and then removed 5–6 months later. The primary outcome was clinical success. Other technical success, adverse events, endoscopic success of stent removal, and recurrence of stricture during the follow‐up period were measured.ResultsEndoscopic intraductal placement was technically successful in all patients (n = 19). Combined contralateral plastic stent placement was performed in 13 patients (68.4%). The median duration of stent placement was 163 days (range, 138–196 days). Endoscopic stent removal was successful in all patients except one spontaneous distal migration. Stricture resolution without de novo focal stricture occurrence was 100%. Endoscopic stone removal after stricture improvement was successful in all 13 patients with bile duct stones above the stricture. During a follow‐up period (median 635 days) after stent removal, only one recurrence developed.ConclusionsTemporary placement of a modified intraductal short FCSEMS with or without a contralateral plastic stent improved perihilar BBS in patients that primarily failed by plastic stents. Combined biliary stones were also successfully removed after stricture resolution.
Assessing Older Patientsʼ Vulnerability in the Emergency Department: A Study of InterRAI ED Screener Accuracy
Authors: Michalski‐Monnerat Carole , Carron Pierre‐Nicolas , Nguyen Sylvain , Büla Christophe , Mabire Cédric 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUNDIdentifying vulnerable older patients admitted to an emergency department (ED) who are at increased risk for adverse events and require a comprehensive geriatric assessment remains a major challenge. The interRAI Emergency Department Screener (EDS) was developed for this specific purpose, but data regarding its validity are scarce.OBJECTIVESTo determine (1) convergent validity of the EDS with results of a geriatricianʼs assessment in defining the need for prompt versus delayed/no further geriatric assessment and (2) predictive validity of the EDS for hospital admission, prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS), and 30‐day readmission.DESIGNProspective observational study.SETTINGED of an academic hospital in Switzerland.PARTICIPANTSOlder patients, aged 75 years or older (N = 202), who visited the ED over a 4‐month period. Patients with life‐threatening conditions were excluded.MEASUREMENTSData for EDS were collected by two clinical nurses. A brief geriatric assessment was performed separately and interpreted by a geriatrician blinded to the EDS results. Orientation after ED discharge, hospital LOS, and 30‐day readmission were retrieved from the administrative database.RESULTSParticipants were aged 83.2 ± 5.4 years, 56.9% were female, and 43.6% lived alone. Frequent findings at geriatric assessment were impairment in gait/balance (69.3%), polypharmacy (64.9%), cognitive impairment/delirium (48.2%), risk of malnutrition (46.0%), and mood impairment (38.1%). The proportions of participants who required prompt, delayed, and no further geriatric assessment, according to the EDS, were 27.2%, 29.2%, and 43.6%, respectively. The EDS had low sensitivity in predicting hospital admission (28.8%), prolonged LOS (26.3%), and 30‐day readmission (26.1%), with the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) being 51.8%, 48.1%, and 49.4%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe EDS performed poorly in both convergent and predictive validity analyses, precluding its use as a screening tool in this ED environment. Further efforts should be undertaken to better target interventions to reduce adverse health trajectories in the older ED population.
Efficacy of 980 nm diode laser and 2940 nm Er: YAG laser in gingival depigmentation: A comparative study
Authors: Arif Ranj Hussien , Kareem Fadil Abdullah , Zardawi Faraedon M. , Al‐Karadaghi Tamara Sardar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGingival hyper‐pigmentation is an esthetics problem in patients with excessive gingival display. Laser ablation has been suggested recently as the most effective, pleasant, and reliable technique for gingival depigmentation compared to blade surgery.AimThe present study aimed to identify and compare the effectiveness of two types of lasers, Er:YAG laser‐2940 nm and Diode laser‐980 nm, in gingival depigmentation in the maxilla and mandible.Patients/Methods20 participants, 16 males, and 4 females, whose ages ranged between 18 and 35 years, were recruited using simplified random sampling. Oral pigmentation was measured at pre‐ and two postoperative follow‐ups, 1 month, and 6 months, according to the oral pigmentation index. Furthermore, the study assessed postoperative intensity of pain using the Visual Analogue Scale, bleeding and healing process in both groups.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the oral pigmentation index scores, 1 month (0.90 ± 0.64) and 6 months (1.55 ± 0.60) after the operation (P < .001). No significant differences were detected between the two study groups regarding the mean ranking on the oral pigmentation index pre‐operatively (P = .547), 1 month after the operation (P = .154), and 6 months after the operation (P = .831).ConclusionsThe Er:YAG laser and Diode laser both significantly reduced gingival pigmentation with no significant differences between the effectiveness of the two types of laser in treating gingival hyper‐pigmentation.
Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation
Authors: Allison James R. , Currie Charlotte C. , Edwards David C. , Bowes Charlotte , Coulter Jamie , Pickering Kimberley , Kozhevnikova Ekaterina , Durham Justin , Nile Christopher J. , Jakubovics Nicholas , Rostami Nadia , Holliday Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDental procedures often produce aerosol and splatter which have the potential to transmit pathogens such as SARS‐CoV‐2. The existing literature is limited.Objective(s)To develop a robust, reliable and valid methodology to evaluate distribution and persistence of dental aerosol and splatter, including the evaluation of clinical procedures.MethodsFluorescein was introduced into the irrigation reservoirs of a high‐speed air‐turbine, ultrasonic scaler and 3‐in‐1 spray, and procedures were performed on a mannequin in triplicate. Filter papers were placed in the immediate environment. The impact of dental suction and assistant presence were also evaluated. Samples were analysed using photographic image analysis and spectrofluorometric analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Pearson's correlation for comparison of analytic methods.ResultsAll procedures were aerosol and splatter generating. Contamination was highest closest to the source, remaining high to 1‐1.5 m. Contamination was detectable at the maximum distance measured (4 m) for high‐speed air‐turbine with maximum relative fluorescence units (RFU) being: 46,091 at 0.5 m, 3,541 at 1.0 m and 1,695 at 4 m. There was uneven spatial distribution with highest levels of contamination opposite the operator. Very low levels of contamination (≤0.1% of original) were detected at 30 and 60 minutes post‐procedure. Suction reduced contamination by 67‐75% at 0.5‐1.5 m. Mannequin and operator were heavily contaminated. The two analytic methods showed good correlation (r = 0.930, n = 244, P < .001).ConclusionDental procedures have potential to deposit aerosol and splatter at some distance from the source, being effectively cleared by 30 minutes in our setting.
Comparison of Intaglio Surface Adjustment in the Oral Cavity for Lithium Disilicate Crowns Fabricated Using Different Scanners
Authors: Son Keunbada , Yu Beom‐Young , Lee Jeong‐Hyeon , Son Young‐Tak , Lee Kyu‐Bok 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeA clinical study to evaluate the intraoral adjustment of crowns fabricated using different scanners.Materials and MethodsA total of 15 patients requiring single ceramic crowns were recruited. Impressions were made according to four protocols: a conventional approach and using three intraoral scanners (IOSs) (CS3600 (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, GA), i500 (Medit, Seoul, Republic of Korea), and EZIS PO (DDS, Seoul, Republic of Korea)). Four crowns per patient were fabricated using lithium disilicate ceramic. An experienced dentist performed the internal adjustment in the oral cavity. Three‐dimensional analysis was conducted using an inspection software program (Geomagic Control X; 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). Statistical analysis was conducted using one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significance difference tests (α = 0.05).ResultsA significant difference was observed in the intraoral adjustment among the conventional approach and the three IOSs (F = 213.7, p < 0.001). Crowns fabricated by conventional impressions (20.1 ± 1.4 µm) displayed better three‐dimensional conformity before and after intraoral adjustment than IOS groups (29.6 ± 4.3 µm) (p < 0.001).ConclusionsCrowns fabricated using conventional impressions required fewer intraoral adjustments of the intaglio surface than those fabricated using IOSs.
Post‐traumatic growth as positive personality change: Challenges, opportunities, and recommendations
Authors: Jayawickreme Eranda , Infurna Frank J. , Alajak Kinan , Blackie Laura E. R. , Chopik William J. , Chung Joanne M. , Dorfman Anna , Fleeson William , Forgeard Marie J. C. , Frazier Patricia , Furr R. Michael , Grossmann Igor , Heller Aaron S. , Laceulle Odilia M. , Lucas Richard E. , Luhmann Maike , Luong Gloria , Meijer Laurien , McLean Kate C. , Park Crystal L. , Roepke Ann Marie , al Sawaf Zeina , Tennen Howard , White Rebecca M. B. , Zonneveld Renée 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivePost‐traumatic growth typically refers to enduring positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity, trauma, or highly challenging life circumstances. Critics have challenged insights from much of the prior research on this topic, pinpointing its significant methodological limitations. In response to these critiques, we propose that post‐traumatic growth can be more accurately captured in terms of personality change—an approach that affords a more rigorous examination of the phenomenon.MethodWe outline a set of conceptual and methodological questions and considerations for future work on the topic of post‐traumatic growth.ResultsWe provide a series of recommendations for researchers from across the disciplines of clinical/counseling, developmental, health, personality, and social psychology and beyond, who are interested in improving the quality of research examining resilience and growth in the context of adversity.ConclusionWe are hopeful that these recommendations will pave the way for a more accurate understanding of the ubiquity, durability, and causal processes underlying post‐traumatic growth.
Occasioned membership categorization in a transnational medical consultation: Interaction, marginalization, and health disparities
Authors: Vickers Caroline H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is the identification of linguistic features that work to co‐construct identities and meaning making processes in a transnational medical consultation. Health scholarship has demonstrated that the medical consultation is essentially an interview that tends to be controlled by the medical provider. However, this paper demonstrates that the epistemic status and stance attributed to the patient and the provider can affect the interaction as can the introduction of a third party and multiple languages. Data analyzed in this paper come from a consultation in a low‐income community clinic in Southern California that involves a monolingual Spanish‐speaking patient, her Spanish–English bilingual daughter, and a Spanish–English bilingual nurse practitioner. Data analysis methodology includes membership categorization analysis (MCA) and interactional sociolinguistics (IS). Findings reveal that occasioned membership categories develop micro‐interactionally, which affect how meaning is negotiated within the interaction and the quality of care that the patient receives. Language choice, prosody, phrase choice, paralinguistic signs, and participation framework contribute to the co‐construction of occasioned membership categories. Implications include the need to attend to how the participation framework and occasioned membership categories may contribute to health disparities for transnational populations.
Burden of infection in Australian infants
Authors: Rowland Rebecca , Sass Zia , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Pezic Angela , Tang Mimi LK , Vuillermin Peter , Gray Lawrence , Burgner David ,   Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group
Published: September 2020

AimTo determine the incidence, risk factors and health service utilisation for infection in the first 12 months of life in a population‐derived Australian pre‐birth cohort.MethodsThe Barwon Infant Study is a population‐derived pre‐birth cohort with antenatal recruitment (n = 1074) based in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Infection data were collected by parent report, and general practitioner and hospital records at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. We calculated the incidence of infection, attendance at a health service with infection and used multiple negative binomial regression to investigate the effects of a range of exposures on incidence of infection.ResultsIn the first 12 months of life, infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (henceforth ‘respiratory infections’), conjunctivitis and gastroenteritis occurred at a rate of 0.35, 0.04 and 0.04 episodes per child‐month, respectively. A total of 482 (72.4%) infants attended a general practitioner with an infection and 69 (10.4%) infants attended the emergency department. Maternal antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and having older siblings were associated with respiratory infection. Childcare attendance by 12 months of age was associated with respiratory infections and gastroenteritis. Breastfeeding, even if less than 4 weeks in total, was associated with reduced respiratory infection.ConclusionInfection, especially of the respiratory tract, is a common cause of morbidity in Australian infants. Several potentially modifiable risk factors were identified, particularly for respiratory infections. Most infections were managed by general practitioners and 1 in 10 infants attended an emergency department with infection in the first year of life.
Periodontal disease and quality of life: Umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Wong Li Beng , Yap Adrian Ujin , Allen Patrick Finbarr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis umbrella review appraised existing systematic reviews and meta‐analysis to establish the impact of periodontal disease and therapy on general and oral health‐related quality of life. A systematic electronic literature search was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guideline up to January 2020 using PubMed, LIVIVO, EMBASE and OpenGrey (PROSPERO CRD 42020163831). Hand searching was performed through the reference lists of periodontal textbooks and related journals. All English language‐based systematic reviews and meta‐analysis that assessed the impact of periodontal disease and treatment interventions on general and oral health‐related quality of life were included. Overall, eight articles met the inclusion criteria and their methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2 criteria. Two systematic reviews showed a significant impact of oral conditions on general health‐related quality of life, although the specific impact of periodontal disease remains inconclusive. Three systematic reviews established a negative impact of periodontal disease on oral health‐related quality of life. Another three systematic reviews concluded that periodontal treatment can improve oral health‐related quality of life. Oral conditions, like periodontal disease, can impact the general health‐related quality of life. Periodontal disease is negatively correlated with oral health‐related quality of life, although treatment interventions can improve self‐reported quality of life. In view of the heterogeneity of generic instruments currently utilized to assess the self‐reported quality of life of periodontal patients, the development of a general and oral health‐related quality of life instrument specific for periodontal disease is strongly recommended.
Effect of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions on the efficiency of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in chronic hepatitis C subjects: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yonggui , Jiang Xuefeng , Zhao Yuyang , Xu Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effect of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions on the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects has drawn considerable attention. However, it has been reported that the relationship between such substitutions and sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects is variable in different treatments. This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate this relationship in subjects treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. A systematic literature search up to May 2020 was done, and 17 studies were identified with 6501 chronic hepatitis C subjects. They were reporting relationships between baseline resistance‐associated substitutions and sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated to evaluate the prognostic role of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions on the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir using the dichotomous method with a random or fixed‐effect model. Lower sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post‐treatment in chronic hepatitis C subjects was significantly related to baseline resistance‐associated substitutions in overall genotypes (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.15‐0.61, P < .001), baseline NS5a resistance‐associated substitutions in genotype‐1 (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.57, P = .005), baseline resistance‐associated substitutions in genotype‐3 (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.38, P < .001), and baseline NS5a resistance‐associated substitutions in genotype‐3 (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.49, P < .001). Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects was not significantly related to the baseline NS5a resistance‐associated substitutions (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.17‐2.22, P = .45), and baseline resistance‐associated substitutions in genotype‐1 (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12‐1.088, P = .07). In conclusion, the impact of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions on the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir may have a great prognostic effect, especially in genotype‐3 as a tool to improve treatment prediction. Chronic hepatitis C subjects with baseline resistance‐associated substitutions may have an independent risk relationship with poor treatment outcomes. This relationship forces us to recommend testing prior to treatment selection to avoid any possible treatment failure.