bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive divergence across Southern Ocean gradients in the pelagic diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis
Authors: Postel Ute , Glemser Barbara , Salazar Alekseyeva Katherine , Eggers Sarah Lena , Groth Marco , Glöckner Gernot , John Uwe , Mock Thomas , Klemm Kerstin , Valentin Klaus , Beszteri Bánk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Southern Ocean is characterized by longitudinal water circulations crossed by strong latitudinal gradients. How this oceanographic background shapes planktonic populations is largely unknown, despite the significance of this region for global biogeochemical cycles. Here, we show, based on genomic, morphometric, ecophysiological and mating compatibility data, an example of ecotypic differentiation and speciation within an endemic pelagic inhabitant, the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis. We discovered three genotypic variants, one present throughout the latitudinal transect sampled, the others restricted to the north and south, respectively. The latter two showed reciprocal monophyly across all three genomes and significant ecophysiological differences consistent with local adaptation, but produced viable offspring in laboratory crosses. The third group was also reproductively isolated from the latter two. We hypothesize that this pattern originated by an adaptive expansion accompanied by ecotypic divergence, followed by sympatric speciation.
Nutrition and depression: Summary of findings from the EU‐funded MooDFOOD depression prevention randomised controlled trial and a critical review of the literature
Authors: Owens M. , Watkins E. , Bot M. , Brouwer I. A. , Roca M. , Kohls E. , Penninx B. W. J. H. , van Grootheest G. , Hegerl U. , Gili M. , Visser M. ,   the MooDFOOD Prevention Trial Investigators
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the emerging field of nutritional psychology and provides an update on the now completed EU‐fundedMooDFOODdepression prevention randomised controlled trial that assessed the effects of two nutrition‐based interventions for the prevention of depression in overweight or obese adults with at least mild symptoms of depression. We first outline the problem of major depression, the most common form of psychopathology and the largest contributor to global disability, and then give an overview of the connection between nutrition and depression; separating the evidence according to prevention and treatment of depression. The extant literature is reviewed, and we examine the implications for both prevention and treatment. Questions are posed for further research in this emerging and important area.
Regulating Markets with Advice: An Experimental Study*
Authors: Gottschalk Felix 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a newly designed market experiment to study regulatory measures in markets with advice inspired by two recently developed theoretical models. In line with our predictions, our experimental markets create conflicts of interest and unsuitable advice biased towards high‐commission products. We examine whether two frequently discussed regulation measures – disclosure and fines for ex post unsuitable advice – reduce commission payments and improve advice. None of the regulation measures result in lower commissions and more suitable advice, however, and advice is equally biased in all treatments. Furthermore, with disclosure, conflicts of interest are enlarged, offsetting the potentially restraining effects of disclosure. The potential impact of various behavioural factors is discussed to encourage further research.
The Limits of Social Media for Public Administration Research and Practice
Authors: Feeney Mary K. , Porumbescu Gregory 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGovernments around the world increasingly rely on social media to expand civic engagement. While these efforts are motivated by optimism that social media platforms have the potential to mobilize more diverse segments of the public, there is growing concern that the use of these tools by governments can reinforce existing power differentials and create new challenges for inclusion, accountability, and democracy. To understand the potential of social media to expand civic engagement, we call for greater integration of science and technology studies literature into public administration social media research. By drawing from the science and technology studies literature, public administration researchers can better assess the political and social inequalities embedded in social media tools and better inform practitioners on the use of social media to effectively engage the public.
Protein–protein interaction network: an emerging tool for understanding fish disease in aquaculture
Authors: Waiho Khor , Afiqah‐Aleng Nor , Iryani Mat Taib Mimi , Fazhan Hanafiah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProtein–protein interactions (PPIs) play integral roles in a wide range of biological processes that regulate the overall growth, development, physiology and disease in living organisms. With the advancement of high‐throughput sequencing technologies, increasing numbers of PPI networks are being predicted and annotated, and these contribute greatly towards the understanding of pathogenesis and the discovery of novel drug targets for the treatment of diseases. The use of this tool is gaining popularity in the identification, understanding and treatment of diseases in humans and plants. Due to the importance of aquaculture in tackling the global food crisis by producing cheap and high‐quality protein source, the maintenance of the overall health status of aquaculture species is essential. With the increasing omics data on aquaculture species, the PPI network is an emerging tool for fish health maintenance. In this review, we first introduce the concept of PPI network, how they are discovered and their general application. Then, the current status of aquaculture and disease in aquaculture are discussed. The different applications of PPI network in aquaculture fish disease management such as biomarker identification, mechanism prediction, understanding of host–pathogen interaction, understanding of pathogen co‐infection interaction, and potential development of vaccines and treatments are subsequently highlighted. It is hoped that this emerging tool – PPI network – would deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of various diseases and hasten the prevention and treatment processes in aquaculture species.
Identifying Promising Messages to Increase Hurricane Mitigation Among Coastal Homeowners in the United States
Authors: Kranzler Elissa C. , Czajkowski Jeffrey , Chen Lin Jia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHurricanes threaten the physical and financial well‐being of coastal residents throughout the United States. Though hurricane‐related losses are largely avoidable through property mitigation (e.g., structural modifications to existing homes), few homeowners invest in mitigation. Communication campaigns, which have influenced risk‐related behaviors in other domains, hold promise for persuading coastal residents to engage in hurricane mitigation. The development of successful campaign messages relies, in part, on formative research to assess the potential influence of candidate message strategies. We present results from mixed‐methods, theory‐driven research to identify promising beliefs for persuading homeowners in coastal/coastal‐adjacent regions of Alabama and Florida to install a high wind–resistant (HWR) roof. In Study 1, we elicited homeowners’ (n = 74) salient behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about installing an HWR roof. Using established procedures, we content analyzed open‐ended responses and categorized them by thematic content. In Study 2, we surveyed another sample of homeowners (n = 533) to examine the extent to which salient beliefs/themes about installing an HWR roof (elicited in Study 1) are promising targets for a communication campaign, given their associations with homeowners’ intentions to retrofit. Results demonstrate that across elicited beliefs, common themes include the protection and property resilience reroofing affords, and anticipated expenses and financial barriers associated with reroofing. The most promising beliefs include behavioral beliefs that installing an HWR roof will protect oneself and one's family, and normative beliefs about the likelihood that one's family and community will install an HWR roof. We discuss the implications of findings for the development of hurricane mitigation messaging.
Complementary teaching practices: Ignatian pedagogy and Buddhist‐inspired compassion meditation
Authors: Chien Gloria I‐Ling 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile scholarly discussions on Jesuit education are plentiful, inquiries related to Ignatian pedagogy are rare. This article examines the applications of Ignatian pedagogy by juxtaposing it with the analysis of a Buddhist‐inspired and interdisciplinary contemplation program, Cognitively‐Based Compassion Training® (CBCT®). Drawing from the author's experience in teaching CBCT® at a Jesuit University, this article explores how CBCT® aligns with the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm's five elements: context, experience, reflection, action, and evaluation. This study uses psychometrical measurements, such as the Compassionate Love for Humanity Scale, to document how my interdisciplinary approach may enhance participants' emotional well‐being and widen their ethical concerns. As these outcomes are inherently cross‐disciplinary and include intellectual and affective dimensions, they cannot be achieved through a single field. Building a bridge between the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm and CBCT® provides a successful strategy for the educational objectives of developing the whole person and forming a compassionate character.
Simulations of Magnetic Fields Produced by Asteroid Impact: Possible Implications for Planetary Paleomagnetism
Authors: Crawford David A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The origin and evolution of the Moon's magnetic field has been a major question in lunar science ever since Luna 1 made the first magnetic measurements in the vicinity of the Moon in 1959. Orbital measurements show that the magnetic field at the surface of the Moon has local scale lengths on the order of 1-100 km. While this could suggest a correlation with impact craters, most lunar magnetic anomalies don’t appear to correlate with known geologic structures, including impacts [1]. However, the magnetic field produced by impact events are spatially and temporally complex. Add in the complexity of remanence acquisition (localized regions of heating/cooling and/or shock that can produce remanence in the presence of a magnetic field) and we have the potential for a complex pattern to emerge. Wieczorek et al. [1] showed just how such complexity may play out. In their simulations, some lunar magnetic anomalies may be caused by regions of concentrated magnetic materials associated with fragments of the South Pole-Aitken impactor, especially if the impactor was differentiated with an iron core. More recently, Oliveira et al. [2] showed that magnetic anomalies associated with five large lunar basins may be caused by impact melt sheets that cooled in the presence of an early lunar dynamo. In this paper we will look at an alternative explanation for many lunar anomalies that doesn’t require the presence of a lunar dynamo. At least some lunar anomalies may be associated with a deeper, thicker yet more varied region of magnetization acquired by rocks that became hot and cooled rapidly enough during crater formation to have acquired the transient magnetic field produced by the impact itself.
High Strain-rate Shear and Friction Characterization of Fully-Dense Polyurethane and Epoxy
Authors: Sable Peter A. , Neel Christopher H. , Borg John P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The characterization of polymer behavior at high strain-rates is a critical area of research driven by the use of polymers as adhesives, structural components, or as binders for energetic systems. Previous investigations have successfully defined Hugoniot equations-of-state for many relevant polymers such as epoxy, polycarbonate, and polyether ether ketone [1]–[4].Several studies have also explored the ramifications of polymer viscoelasticity at high strain-rates and pressures. This has been observed as nonlinearities in both propagating stress wave structure and Hugoniot state spaces [5]–[7]. The mechanisms driving such behavior is hypothesized as the breakdown and extended time interaction of polymer-chains but is yet to be fully understood.
Evaluation of Critical Ricochet Angles for 25mm APDS-T Projectile on Metallic Targets - Modeling and Verification
Authors: Weiss Alon , Borenstein Asaf , Paris Vitaly , Ravid Moshe , Shapira Nimrod 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper is a study on ricochet characteristics of metal plates hit by 25 mm APDS-T projectile. A series of ballistic tests has been carried out on three different armor steel types chosen to present a range of hardness. Each armor steel target was impacted at varying angles of incidence until ricochet was observed. This investigation is not only expected to help in understanding the phenomenon of projectile ricochet but also to provide some useful data that can be used for calibration and validation of the finite element (FE) models. In general, the ricochet angle was found to decrease with an increase in target hardness due to different failure mechanism.
Investigation on the Impact and Penetration Performance of the Particulated Jet into Concrete Targets
Authors: Zhu Qi-feng , Xiao Qiang-qiang , Huang Zheng-xiang , Zu Xu-dong , Jia Xin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, the performance of titanium alloys (TC21, TC1), nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy, and zirconium-niobium (Zr-Nb) alloy lined shaped charge impact and penetration into concrete targets are investigated experimentally. Shaped charge jet radiographs reveal that the resulting jets of titanium alloys and Ni-Ti alloy exhibit particulate, radially dispersed behaviors, whereas that of the Zr-Nb alloy is coherent. Cavity diameters, penetration depths and parameters of the impact craters generated by the jets were analyzed using the depth of penetration (DOP) experiment method. Data indicate that the particulated jet causes more extensive damage to the surface of the concrete targets compared to the coherent jet. The penetration depth decreases to some degree, but the cavity diameter increases significantly. Penetration efficiency varies with degree of dispersion of the particulated jet and, as such, is also sensitive to stand-off distance.
Invasive conjunctival melanoma mimicking ocular surface squamous neoplasia: a case series
Authors: Gallo Beatrice , Thaung Caroline , Hay Gordon , Arora Amit K , Cohen Victoria ML , Damato Bertil , Sagoo Mandeep S 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundConjunctival melanoma is the second most common conjunctival malignant tumour after squamous cell carcinoma, usually arising from primary acquired melanosis and less commonly from a conjunctival naevus or de novo. We report four cases of conjunctival melanoma masquerading as ocular surface squamous neoplasia.MethodsFour patients (2 females and 2 males; mean age 60.7 years; range 41–72 years) were referred for suspicious conjunctival lesions. In all cases, the lesions had a perilimbal location, were non-pigmented (cases 1 and 3) or mildly pigmented (cases 2 and 4), had a fleshy (cases 1, 2 and 4) or papillomatous (case 3) appearance and involved the corneal surface. In each case, our main clinical differential diagnosis included conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. All four patients underwent an excisional biopsy with double freeze-thaw cryotherapy and alcohol keratoepitheliectomy.ResultsIn all four cases, the histopathological diagnosis was of invasive conjunctival melanoma with extension to the deep surgical margins. Adjuvant therapy consisting of strontium-90 β radiotherapy (all 4 patients) and topical Mitomicyn C (patient 2) was administered.ConclusionConjunctival melanoma can clinically resemble ocular surface squamous neoplasia. Clinical impressions therefore need to be confirmed histopathologically.
Vitamin K for kidney transplant organ recipients: investigating vessel stiffness (ViKTORIES): study rationale and protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lees Jennifer Susan , Mangion Kenneth , Rutherford Elaine , Witham Miles D , Woodward Rosemary , Roditi Giles , Hopkins Tracey , Brooksbank Katriona , Jardine Alan G , Mark Patrick B 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundRenal transplant recipients (RTRs) exhibit increased vascular stiffness and calcification; these parameters are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Activity of endogenous calcification inhibitors such as matrix gla protein (MGP) is dependent on vitamin K. RTRs commonly have subclinical vitamin K deficiency. The Vitamin K in kidney Transplant Organ Recipients: Investigating vEssel Stiffness (ViKTORIES) study assesses whether vitamin K supplementation reduces vascular stiffness and calcification in a diverse population of RTR.Methods and analysisViKTORIES (ISRCTN22012044) is a single-centre, phase II, parallel-group, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of vitamin K supplementation in 90 prevalent RTR. Participants are eligible if they have a functioning renal transplant for>1 year. Those on warfarin, with atrial fibrillation, estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min/1.73 m2or contraindications to MRI are excluded. Treatment is with vitamin K (menadiol diphosphate) 5 mg three times per week for 1 year or matching placebo. All participants have primary and secondary endpoint measures at 0 and 12 months. The primary endpoint is ascending aortic distensibility on cardiac MR imaging. Secondary endpoints include vascular calcification (coronary artery calcium score by CT), cardiac structure and function on MR, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, serum uncarboxylated MGP, transplant function, proteinuria and quality of life. The study is powered to detect 1.0×10–3mm Hg-1improvement in ascending aortic distensibility in the vitamin K group relative to placebo at 12 months. Analyses will be conducted as between-group differences at 12 months by intention to treat.DiscussionThis trial may identify a novel, inexpensive and low-risk treatment to improve surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk in RTR.
Operative survival in patients with acute aortic disease in the era of newer oral anticoagulants
Authors: Bjørnstad Johannes Lagethon , Khan Adil Mahboob , Røed-Undlien Henriette , Bendz Bjørn , Nygård Ståle , Hoel Tom Nilsen , Lingaas Per Snorre 
Published: July 2020

AimsThe aim of this study was the analysis of the risk associated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients undergoing non-elective operations on the proximal aorta due to aortic disease.Methods and resultsData from the department’s register of cardiac surgery was analysed retrospectively with emphasis on operative mortality. 135 non-elective operations for proximal aortic disease (October 2016 to 2018) were identified, of which 19 died during the first 90 days. DOAC use was the top-ranked risk factor in the univariate analysis with a HR of 9.6 (3.1 to 29), p=0.00007. Using a Cox proportional hazards model including the most relevant risk factors, the risk associated with DOAC use remained significant with a HR of 6.1 (1.4 to 26.3), p=0.015. We did not find increased risk associated with warfarin use.ConclusionIn patients undergoing non-elective operations on the proximal aorta due to aortic disease, the use of DOAC is associated with increased operative mortality.
Barotropic fluid compatible parametrizations of dark energy
Authors: Perković Dalibor , Štefančić Hrvoje 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParametrizations of equation of state parameter as a function of the scale factor or redshift are frequently used in dark energy modeling. The question investigated in this paper is if parametrizations proposed in the literature are compatible with the dark energy being a barotropic fluid. The test of this compatibility is based on the functional form of the speed of sound squared, which for barotropic fluid dark energy follows directly from the function for the Equation of state parameter. The requirement that the speed of sound squared should be between 0 and speed of light squared provides constraints on model parameters using analytical and numerical methods. It is found that this fundamental requirement eliminates a large number of parametrizations as barotropic fluid dark energy models and puts strong constraints on parameters of other dark energy parametrizations.
Improved Attenuation-Based Radar Precipitation Estimation Considering the Azimuthal Variabilities of Microphysical Properties
Authors: Huang Hao , Zhao Kun , Chen Haonan , Hu Dongming , Fu Peiling , Lin Qing , Yang Zhengwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe attenuation-based rainfall estimator is less sensitive to the variability of raindrop size distributions (DSDs) than conventional radar rainfall estimators. For the attenuation-based quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE), the key is to accurately estimate the horizontal specific attenuation AH, which requires a good estimate of the ray-averaged ratio between AH and specific differential phase KDP, also known as the coefficient α. In this study, a variational approach is proposed to optimize the coefficient α for better estimates of AH and rainfall. The performance of the variational approach is illustrated using observations from an S-band operational weather radar with rigorous quality control in south China, by comparing against the α optimization approach using a slope of differential reflectivity ZDR dependence on horizontal reflectivity factor ZH. Similar to the ZDR-slope approach, the variational approach can obtain the optimized α consistent with the DSD properties of precipitation on a sweep-to-sweep basis. The attenuation-based hourly rainfall estimates using the sweep-averaged α values from these two approaches show comparable accuracy when verified against the gauge measurements. One advantage of the variational approach is its feasibility to optimize α for each radar ray, which mitigates the impact of the azimuthal DSD variabilities on rainfall estimation. It is found that, based on the optimized α for radar rays, the hourly rainfall amounts derived from the variational approach are consistent with gauge measurements, showing lower bias (1.0%), higher correlation coefficient (0.92), and lower root-mean-square error (2.35 mm) than the results based on the sweep-averaged α.
A Continuous Illusion of Having a Sixth Finger
Authors: Cadete Denise , Longo Matthew R. 
Published: July 2020

Our body is central to our sense of self and personal identity, yet it can be manipulated in the laboratory in surprisingly easy ways. Several multisensory illusions have shown the flexibility of the mental representation of our bodies by inducing the illusion of owning an artificial body part or having a body part with altered features. Recently, new studies showed we can embody additional body parts such as a supernumerary finger. Newport et al. recently reported a novel six-finger illusion using conflicting visual and tactile signals induced with the mirror box to create the illusory perception of having a sixth finger for a brief moment. In this study, we aimed to replicate this result and to investigate whether the experience of embodiment of a sixth finger could be prolonged for an extended duration by applying continuous visual–tactile stimulation. Results showed that a continuous illusion of having a sixth finger can be clearly induced. This shows that the six-finger illusion does not reflect merely a momentary confusion due to conflicting multisensory signals but can reflect an enduring representation of a supernumerary finger.