bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of the Society of Jesus to the political culture of Lithuanian elites
Authors: Mariani Andrea 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the role played by the Jesuit in the political formation of the Lithuanian elite during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The author analyzes the influence of the Jesuit school system on the political culture of the nobility through rhetoric, theatre and public examinations. In particular, it shows the elements of continuity, such as the unquestioned value of classical literature and Humanistic formation. These contributed to shape the political ethos of Polish-Lithuanian elites, based on consensus and active participation in public life. The changes introduced as a result of the reform of Jesuit school system did not alter the traditional understanding of education, but rather answered to the need for better qualified civil servants in an age of modernization of the Polish-Lithuanian state.
Intra-line and inter-individual variation in Sardinian arrepentina
Authors: Bravi Paolo , Proto Teresa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

S’arrepentina is a genre of extemporary poetry performed by semi-professional poets, both at informal gatherings and in public contests in south-central Sardinia. The name arrepentina refers both to the genre/performance in its entirety, and to the set of metrical forms and rhyme schemes used during the performance. Lines occur in non-strophic (stichic) form, and are made up of halflines linked by a complex system of rhymes. Unlike similar metrical forms, s’arrepentina is not performed in a “free rhythm” singing style. Typically, poets improvise their verses accompanied by an accordion, which provides a steady pulse. In this study, we investigate variation in nine arrepentinas and we aim to determine the degree of rhythmical variability in each halfline by measuring it against the underlying meter provided by the musical accompaniment. From the analysis, it emerges that the rhythmical variants are concentrated at specific positions, and their distribution suggests an asymmetry between the two halflines. Some inter-individual variation among the poets also appears in their preference for one type of variant over others.
Individual Rhythmic Variation in Oral Poetry: The Runosong Performances of Seto Singers
Authors: Oras Janika 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe article explores the individual differences of rhythmic variation in traditional sung oral poetry. The analysed group of ritual songs is part of the Seto singing culture – a subtradition of Finnic oral trochaic tetrameter. The rhythmic variation, created by different positioning of stressed syllables in the song line, reveals itself on two levels, in linguistic verse structure and in musical performance. In the singers’ performances the verse and musical structures complement each other, having a cumulative rhythmic effect. By designing the rhythm at both levels, the singers systematically take into consideration the linguistic features of the used words. A statistical analysis shows a remarkable divergence in the rhythmic variation of different lead singers. The results are more homogeneous at the level of linguistic verse structure and more diverse at the level of musical performance. Also, the rhythmic choices of the lead singer and his or her choir in the course of the performance may differ. We may speculate that this divergence in individual rhythmic strategies could have been caused by the singers’ type of creativity and skills, their different perceptions of genre features and intergeneric relations, and the musical influences between more closely related singers.
Beyond Length: Investigating Dependency Distance Across L2 Modalities and Proficiency Levels
Authors: Yan Hengbin , Li Yinghui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As an important index of working memory burden and syntactic difficulty, Dependency Distance (DD) has been fruitfully applied in the context of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) to both native and non-native language production. Recent research has focused on DD as a predictor of writing performance across different proficiencies, while the other modality of second language (L2) performance – speaking – has been largely neglected. Moreover, while previous results reported significant positive correlations between DD and writing proficiency, a lack of control for important variables such as sentence/text length may have potentially inflated the outcomes of the analyses. In this study, we examine the effects of DD across the different modalities and proficiency levels, controlling for the effects of text and sentence lengths. Results from statistical analysis show that the mean DD of L2 writing is significantly shorter than L2 speech production, indicating that L2 writing may be a cognitively more demanding task than L2 speaking. Additionally, while significant statistical differences in DD were found across proficiency levels in both L2 writing and speech, the significance disappeared after controlling for sentence and text length. The implications of the present study for future research on DD in SLA are discussed.
Design Research and Object-Oriented Ontology
Authors: Lindley Joseph , Akmal Haider Ali , Coulton Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper we recount several research projects conducted at ImaginationLancaster (http://imagination.lancs.ac.uk) a Design-led research laboratory, all of which consider Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO). The role OOO plays in these projects is varied: as a generative mechanism contributing to ideation; as a framework for analysis; and as a constituent in developing new design theory. Each project’s focus is quite unique—an app, a board game, a set of Tarot cards, a kettle and a living room—however they are all concerned with developing new understandings relating to the ubiquitous, networked, ‘smart’ technologies which are often referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). Through our reflexive account of these research projects the aim of this paper is to provide insights into, and promote new discussion about, the relevance and scope for OOO in socio-technical Design Research, and beyond.
Simulación de proceso de división de arco eléctrico en interruptor de bajo voltaje con campo magnético variable
Authors: Moreno-Torres Tomás , Luna José Manuel , García-González Jesús , Luviano-Ortiz J. Luis , Hernandez-Guerrero Abel 
Published: January 2020

El arco eléctrico es un fenómeno complejo que asocia altas temperaturas y densidades de corriente, por lo cual debe ser erradicado de manera casi inmediata para evitar posibles daños en la red eléctrica de las edificaciones y sistemas de potencia. Una pronta extinción de arco eléctrico en interruptores de bajo voltaje conlleva a la seguridad y protección de dispositivos electrónicos como de sus operadores. Dado que los tiempos de formación y propagación del arco eléctrico son del orden de microsegundos, la toma de decisiones mediante experimentación para el diseño de nuevos interruptores resulta extremadamente costosa y, en muchas ocasiones, poco práctica al no poder cuantificar variables específicas del arco eléctrico. Debido a lo anterior, el modelado es una excelente herramienta para analizar los parámetros más influyentes en la interrupción de corriente. Esta opción permite la optimización de sistemas sin la necesidad de construir y probar una gran cantidad de prototipos con elevados costos. De esta manera se puede profundizar en el análisis y conocimiento de estos dispositivos mediante la propuesta de un modelo magnetohidrodinámico, y así cuantificar variables que experimentalmente resultaría imposible obtener.
Debido a lo anterior, el modelado es una excelente herramienta para analizar los parámetros más influyentes en la interrupción de corriente. Esta opción permite la optimización de sistemas sin la necesidad de construir y probar una gran cantidad de prototipos con elevados costos. De esta manera se puede profundizar en el análisis y conocimiento de estos dispositivos y cuantificar variables que experimentalmente resultaría imposible obtener.
Inmunofenotipos en sangre periférica de niños mexicanos en edad preescolar: valores de referencia
Authors: Palacios-Martínez Monika , González-Torres María Cristina , Cortés Bejar Consuelo del Carmen , Valencia Chavarría Fernando , Nájera-Medina Oralia 
Published: January 2020

El sistema inmunológico durante el desarrollo humano sufre cambios por madurez y exposición a antígenos. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar poblaciones leucocitarias y subpoblaciones linfocitarias en niños sanos. Se obtuvo sangre periférica para identificar leucocitos, células de memoria (CD45+RO+) y efectoras. Se analizaron 102 preescolares; los de cuatro a cinco años presentaron disminución de leucocitos y células vírgenes (CD4+CD45RA+) con relación a los de 6 a 24 meses. Los niños de 25 a 48 meses mostraron disminución en CD8+CD45RA+, comparándolos con niños de 6 a 24 meses. Las natural Killer incrementaron en el grupo de 25 a 48 meses. Otras subpoblaciones aumentadas fueron CD8+, CD3+CD45RO+ y CD4+CD45RO+ en niños de 49 a 60 meses. En los de 25 a 48 meses, CD4+CD45RA+CD45RO+, CD8+CD45RA+CD45RO+ y CD8+CD45RO+ se encontraron aumentadas. Se concluye que las poblaciones de leucocitos y de linfocitos mostraron cambios estadísticamente significativos en niños preescolares mexicanos, respecto a la cronología de sus edades.
Composición química, propiedades antioxidantes y actividad antimicrobiana de propóleos mexicanos
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Betsabé , Canales Martínez María Margarita , Penieres Carrillo José Guillermo , Cruz Sánchez Tonatiuh Alejandro 
Published: January 2020

En México, los propóleos se ofertan por su actividad antioxidante y su actividad antimicrobiana, por lo cual es necesario realizar su análisis utilizando la norma de calidad mexicana. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la composición química de ocho propóleos mexicanos colectados de diferentes municipios de los estados de México, Michoacán, Guanajuato, Veracruz y Puebla, para evaluar su actividad antioxidante y también su actividad antimicrobiana contra cepas de referencia de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Candida albicans. Las muestras provenientes de los municipios del Estado de México y Michoacán presentaron flavonoides, fenoles y terpenos que les confieren una mayor actividad antioxidante y acción antimicrobiana. Las muestras de los municipios de Puebla, Veracruz y Guanajuato contienen terpenos en bajas cantidades, provocando disminución de la actividad biológica e incumplimiento de las especificaciones de calidad. Se demostró la importancia del estudio de la composición química de los propóleos que se asocia a su actividad biológica en pruebas específicas.
Quintais faxinalenses: uma forma de sociabilidade
Authors: Kroin Leonardo 
Published: January 2020

A proposta a qual vamos discutir aqui, refere-se à sociabilidade exercida por meio dos quintais entre os faxinalenses. O quintal neste contexto, além de ser um lugar de biodiversidade, é sobretudo um espaço praticado, principalmente pelas mulheres faxinalenses, as quais realizam manutenção do local e fazem do quintal um meio de sociabilidade entre suas pares (vizinhas). Este espaço também funciona como uma despensa ao ar livre, pois se constituem como reservatórios, com uma ampla variedade de plantas que fazem parte da alimentação cotidiana das famílias faxinalenses.Palavras- chave: Faxinal, Sociabilidade, Quintais. Abstract The proposal which we will discuss here refers to the sociability exerted through the backyards among the Faxinalenses. The yard in this context, in addition to being a place of biodiversity, is above all a place practiced, especially by the women from Faxinalenses, who perform maintenance of the place and make the yard a means of sociability among their peers (neighbors). This space also functions as an open-air pantry, as they are reservoirs, with a wide variety of plants that are part of the daily food of the families of Faxinalenses.Keywords: Faxinal, Sociability, Backyards.
A Fortuna no Roman de Fauvel e sua relação com a tradição literária e religiosa da Civitate Dei e da Consolatio philosophiae na Idade Média
Authors: Macedo Jaqueline Silva de 
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho versará acerca da interação da tradição cristã e não cristã na representação da deusa no medievo e sob a ótica da Civitate Dei de Agostinho e da Consoloatio philosiphae de Boécio, mostrando a distinção entre "naturezas" entre Fauvel e Fortuna, esta, descrita como a própria Providência divina e equalizada à Sabedoria, sua irmã.Herdeira de divindades grega e romana, a Fortuna na Idade Média será vista como auxiliadora da providência divina perdendo o caráter deífico que lhe era próprio e sendo a ocasião e a sorte características de seu poder. Uma das narrativas poéticas medievais, no entanto, retoma a divindade de Fortuna retratando-a como filha de Deus e encarregada de governar o mundo, mas recuperando características da Antiguidade. Trata-se do Roman de Fauvel, poema elaborado na França do século XIV.Palavras-chave: Literatura medieval, Fortuna, Roman de Fauvel. AbstractThis paper will deal with the interaction of Christian and non-Christian tradition in the representation of the medieval goddess and from the perspective of Augustine's Civitate Dei and Boethius' Consolatio philosophiae, showing the distinction between "natures" Fauvel and Fortune, which is described as divine Providence itself and equalized to Wisdom, his sister.Heiress of Greek and Roman deities, Fortune in the Middle Ages will be seen as a helper of divine providence losing its deific character proper and accentuating the occasion and luck as characteristics of its performance. One of the medieval poetic narratives, however, takes up the deity of Fortune, portraying her as a daughter of God and charged with ruling the world, but recovering characteristics of antiquity. It is the Roman de Fauvel, a poem written in 14th century France.Keywords: Medieval literature, Fortune, Roman de Fauvel.
On cardinal invariants of space of finite subsets
Authors: Praninskas Gintaras 
Published: January 2020

In article some cardinal invariants of the space of finite subsets are examined. We obtained that such cardinal invariants us density and network weight, character and pi–character, pi–weight and weight coincide for any (A,B)–topology (Proposition 1). Also we obtained estimates of space of the finite subset of Lindelioft number and Suslin’s number (Theorem 2). Also is proved that for the space of finite subsets pseudo character is countable than and if than it’s diagonal number is countable for any (A,B)–topology (Proposition 4). Characterization when space of finite subsets has countable character is given (Proposition 5).
Green’s function for discrete problems with nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Roman Svetlana , Štikonas Artūras 
Published: January 2020

In this article, we investigate an m-order discrete problem with additional conditions which are described by m of linearly independent linear functionals. We have presented a formula and the existence condition of Green’s function, if the general solution of a homogeneous equation is known. We have obtained the relation between two Green’s functions of two inhomogeneous problems. It allows us to find Green’s function for the same equation but with different additional conditions. The obtained results are applied to problems withnonlocal boundary conditions.
This research was funded by a grant (No. MIP-051/2011) from the Research Council of Lithuania
Asymptotic expansion in approximation by normal law
Authors: Bikelis Algimantas , Augutis Juozas , Padvelskis Kazimieras 
Published: January 2020

We consider the asymptotic behavior of the convolution P*n(A\sqrt{n}) of a k-dimensional probability distribution P(A) as n \to \infty for A from the \sigma-algebra M of Borel subsets of Euclidian space Rk or from its subclasses.
ا لمحر ب قي ا لا حا د يث ا لنبو ية من خلا ل سنن ا بن ما خحا
Authors: Hidayat Deden Taufik 
Published: January 2020

History records that the Arabs before Islam interacted with the non-Arabs, especially through the trading process. In addition, the Kaaba frequented by the non-Arabs which has experienced partial conquest by the Greek and Latin. Jews who spoke Hebrew and Christians who spoke Syriac had lived with them for centuries. This allowed influenced Arabic by foreign languages into Arabic (ta'rib) had special adjusments with oral Arabs as a whol so it could be used bu all of them. Hence, it cannot be denied that words Arabization results (mu'arrab) are in the Qur'an and Hadith. This paper attempts to analyze mu'arrab according to the hadith in the bookm Sunan Ibn Majah which reached 67 words consisting of 22 words derived from Greek, 8 words derived from Syriac, and 6 words derived from Latin.
Zhaahirat Tahwiil al-Syafrah fi al-Muhaadatsah
Authors: Buana Cahya 
Published: January 2020

In all areas of life, human beings will not be separated from the language in the process of communication with each other. Everthing will go well as it can be arranged with the language associated with social conditions (sociolingusitic) is a very interesting study. This paper will discuss one of the objects of languages study, it's the code switching occurs in some forms of speech of speakers who speak Arabic and Indonesian. The author specialized in the analysis of the causes of code switching in five forms of conversations, namely a desire of speaker to demonstrate his proficiency of bilingual and trying to make the audience believe hismastery, the emotional expression, accelerating the delivery of messages, making the limit between jokes and serious conversation, continuityof using the mother tongue because it is easier, limiting the audience, keep he distance of social status, the awareness that the second languageis also a mother tongue, adopt the foreign sentence, and reinforce the speech.
الولاء في الميراث (دراسة تحليلية من تحقيق كتاب الفرائض للشافعي –نموذجا-)
Authors: Suryaningsih Iin 
Published: January 2020

الملخص الولاء فالإرث به ثابت بالإجماع. وبأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم : {ورث بنت حمزة رضي الله عنه من مولى له}رواه النسائي، وأعله بالإرسال إلا أنه يعمل به لاعتضاده بالإجماع، والمولى كان عتيقها لا عتيق أبيها على الصحيح. وعرف الشافعية بأن الولاء عصوبة ناشئة أخوية حدثت بعد زوال ملك متراضية عن عصوبة النسب، تقتضي للمعتق وعصبته الإرث وولاية النكاح والصلاة عليه والعقل عنه .ويقسم الولاء إلى أنواع ثلاثة: وهولاء العتاقة أو النعمة، وهو عصوبة سببها نعمة المعتق على رقيق سواء كان منجزا أو معلقا، تطوعا أو واجبا ولو بعوض. والأصل في ولاء العتاقة ما يلي:قوله الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم: (الولاء لحمة كلحمة النسب لا يباع ولا يوهب). هذا حديث صحيح أورده الألباني. ورواه قوله الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم: (إنما الولاء لمن أعتق). ولاء الموالاة، ويسمى ولاء المناصرة: وصورته هي أن يعقد شخص مع آخر ليس له أقارب عقد محالفة كأن يقول له: "أنت مولاي ترثني إذا مت، وتعقل عني إذا جنيت". ولاء الإمامة: فقد ذهب إلى الإرث بولاء الإمامة الشيعية الإمامية فقط، فالإمام إذا كان ظاهرا يعتبر وارث من لا وارث له من قريب أو مولى عتاقة أو مولى موالاة. فبهذا البحث العلمي، نتكلم عن الولاء ودوره في ميراثه ومع أن الولاء من أسباب الإرث الخمس، فضروري لنا أن نتوقف لمدة طويلة لكي نفرق البيان الصحيح من خبراء عالمنا الجليل الخاص بمجال هذا العلم الدقيق مع البيان الذي ينتشر ويجري في دور حياة مجتمعنا الحاضر.الكلمات الأسسية : الولاء، الميراث، الإرث، الموالاة، المناصرة--- Naskah ulama yang dikaji dalam artikel ini adalah karya Imam Syafii yang berjudul al-Wala’ fi al-Mirats (Kedudukan Wali dalam Hukum Waris). Tulisan ini akan mengkaji naskah dari segi kandungan isi. Selain itu, naskah juga dijelaskan menggunakan sumber-sumber lain dari pandangan ulama dari mazhab yang berbeda yang tentu saja dikaitkan dengan berbagai dalil yang menjadi dasar argumentasinya. Dari hasil kajian diperoleh beberapa poin penting, yaitu bahwa seorang wali berhak mendapatkan waris dari orang yang diwalkannya berdasarkan Hadis Rasulullah Saw dan ijmak ulama. Wali yang berhak mendapatkan warisan ada tiga macam, yaitu wali atas budak (wala’ al-‘ataqah) sehingga ia mewarisi dari budaknya, wali penolong (wala’ al-muwalah/munashirah) sehingga ia mewarisi dari orang ada hubungan persahabatan/perjanjian, dan wali pemerintah (wala’ al-imamah) sehingga mewarisi orang yang tidak memiliki pewaris. Kata kunci: wala’, mirats, irts, muwalah, munashirah
Islam dalam Jagad Pikir Melayu
Authors: Junaidi Junaidi 
Published: January 2020

Abstrak Agama dan kebudayaan merupakan bagian penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Adakalanya agama dipengaruhi kebudayaan atau sebaliknya kebudayaan yang dipengaruhi agama. Masuknya Islam ke tanah Melayu memberikan pengaruh terhadap corak kebudayaan dan pemikiran Melayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji nilai-nilai Islam yang terdapat dalam teks Tunjuk Ajar Melayu dengan menggunakan pendekatan strukturalis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam Tunjuk Ajar Melayu terdapat nasihat, pesan, pikiran dan gagasan untuk memegang teguh Islam dalam kehidupan orang Melayu. Dalam Tunjuk Ajar Melayu diungkapkan posisi adat dan syarak, Islam sebagai identitas orang Melayu, anjuran bertakwa kepada Allah, Islam untuk pembentukkan karakter anak dan persiapan menuju akhirat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Islam sangat berpengaruh dalam pembentukan pemikiran Melayu sehingga Islam dianggap sebagai identitas utama orang Melayu. ---Abstract Religion and culture are important in human life. Sometimes, a religion is influenced by culture or in any case culture is influenced by religion. The coming of Islam to Malay land influenced on the characteristic of Malay culture and minds. This research aims to analyze the Islamic values on text of “Tunjuk Ajar Melayu” by using structuralis approach. Findings of research show that “Tunjuk Ajar Melayu” consist of advices, messages, thoughs, and ideas to keep Islam in the life of Malay people. It expresses the position of “adat” and “syarak”, Islam as identity of Malay people, messages of devoting to Allah, Islam to build the children character and preparation toward hereafter. This research concludes Islam greatly influences in building Malay culture and minds, and therefore Islam is regarded as main identity for Malay people.
Masyarakat Islam Klasik
Authors: Hakim Sudarnoto Abdul 
Published: January 2020

Masyarakat Islam sebenarnya telah dimulai dengan kehidupan nabi Muhammad pada abad ketujuh. Umat yang dibangun oleh nabitelah memberikan landasan bagi kerajaaan-kerajaan dan lembaga-lembaga sosial Islam yang muncul dan berkembang kemudian.Bahkan juga telah merupakan model ideal yang dicita-citakan oleh masyarakat Islam secara umum. Pola dasar umat ketika itu memangtelah ditegakkan dengan kokoh. Seluruh aspek kehidupan secara langsung terkait dengan misi keimanan.
: Kemanunggalan Abri-Pondok Pesantren disampaikan pada Orasi Ilmiah pada 4 Juni 1996, di Pondok Pesantren Syamsul Ulum, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat oleh : Feisal Tanjung
Authors: Tanjung Feisal 
Published: January 2020

peringatan Milad ke-63 Pondok pesantren Syamsul Ulum dan Wisuda Sarjana Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam (STAI) Syamsul Ulum. sejarah mencatat bahwa dengan usia ke-63 ini, merupakan bukti nyata bahwapondok pesantren Syamsul Ulum telah lahir sebelum kemerdekaan RepublikIndonesia serta berfungsi sebagai lembaga pendidikan sekaligussebagai salah satu basis perjuangan bangsa di masa lampau