bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of type 2 diabetes possibly caused by excessive accumulation of visceral fat in a child born small‐for‐gestational age
Authors: Kuwabara Remi , Urakami Tatsuhiko , Yoshida Kei , Morioka Ichiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe encountered a 12‐year‐old boy with type 2 diabetes who was born small‐for‐gestational age. We described his clinical characteristics and a possible etiological factor for development of hyperglycemia. He developed well with sufficient nutrition and progressed to being overweight at 6 years‐of‐age as a result of a high‐calorie, high‐protein intake diet. He showed a diabetic pattern with a normal insulin response on an oral glucose tolerance test carried out with the urine glucose screening program at schools. He showed a large total fat area of 239.4 cm2; in particular, his visceral fat area was 103.0 cm2 with a high ratio of visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area (0.76). The present case might show that insulin resistance, possibly as a result of accumulation of a great amount of visceral fat, might be attributed to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in children born small‐for‐gestational age.
Youth Mental Health First‐Aid: Juvenile Justice Staff Training to Assist Youth with Mental Health Concerns
Authors: Anderson Robert , Treger Jennifer , Lucksted Alicia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany youth in juvenile justice settings meet criteria for a mental health condition. Front line staff need to be able to recognize and respond to their needs, but training is often lacking. Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) is an 8‐hour training for adults without mental health education to recognize and assist distressed youth. This study surveyed 1,279 [State blinded] DJS front‐line staff trained in YMHFA. Of 338 returned surveys (26% response), 44% reported using YMHFA skills at work, 56% in preventing a crisis, 25% during crises. Respondents rated YMHFA as significantly improving their responsiveness to distressed young people.
Comparing floodplain evolution in channelized and unchannelized urban watersheds in Houston, Texas
Authors: Juan Andrew , Gori Avantika , Sebastian Antonia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we compare the ability of two riverine flood control approaches: channelization and stream preservation/setbacks, to alleviate the adverse impacts of rapid urbanization. To study the effects of structural intervention and urban development on the evolution of the floodplain, we have chosen two neighboring urban watersheds in Houston, TX: Brays Bayou and Buffalo Bayou. While the two watersheds are similar in size, topography, and development level, they have contrasting riverine flood management approaches. Brays Bayou is channelized, whereas Buffalo Bayou remains mostly unchannelized. We use the distributed hydrologic model, Vflo®, and the hydraulic model, HEC‐RAS, to analyze channel hydraulics and floodplain extent in the two watersheds under the 10‐ and 100‐year rainfall scenarios at three points in time: 1970s (early development), 2011 (current development), and 2040 (future development). We find that, while floodplain extent in both watersheds increases over time, the relative change in floodplain extent for Brays Bayou (channelized) is substantially larger than that for Buffalo Bayou (unchannelized). The results in this study contribute to a better understanding of the long‐term performance of two flood mitigation approaches (channelization and setbacks) on riverine flood risk and provide insight into best management practices for cities experiencing rapid urban growth.
An observational cohort study of numbers and causes of preventable general hospital admissions in people with and without intellectual disabilities in England
Authors: Glover G. , Williams R. , Oyinlola J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHospital admissions for preventable reasons [ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) conditions] can indicate gaps in access to or quality of primary care. This paper seeks to document the numbers and causes of these admissions in England for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) compared with those without.MethodsObservational cohort study of number and duration of emergency admitted patient episodes for ACS conditions, overall and by cause, using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD primary care database and the linked Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care dataset.ResultsThe study covered 5.2% of the population of England from April 2010 to March 2014 giving a total population base of 59 280 person‐years for people with ID and 11 103 910 for people without identified ID. The rate of emergency admissions for ACS conditions for people with ID was 77.5 per 1000 person‐years. As a crude comparison, this was 3.0 times the rate for those without ID, but standardising for the distinct demography of this group, the number of episodes was 4.8 times that expected if they had the same age‐specific and sex‐specific rates. Stay durations for these episodes were longer for both young‐age and working‐age people with ID. Overall people with ID used 399.8 bed‐days per 1000 person‐years. As a crude comparison, this is 2.8 times the figure for people without ID. Standardising for their age and sex profile, it is 5.4 times the number expected if they had the same age‐specific and sex‐specific rates. For patients with ID, 16.6% (one in six) of all admitted patient episodes and 24.3% (one in four) of in‐patient care days for people with ID were for ACS conditions. Corresponding figures for those without ID were 8.3% (one in 12) and 14.4% (one in seven). The difference in rates between those with and without ID was most marked in people of working age. The three most common causes of emergency episodes for ACS conditions in people with ID were convulsions and epilepsy, influenza pneumonia and aspiration pneumonitis. Influenza pneumonia was also a common cause for people without ID. Episodes for convulsions and epilepsy and aspiration pneumonitis were specifically associated with people with ID.ConclusionsRates of hospital admissions for ACS conditions provide an important indicator of health literacy, basic self‐care (or support by carers) and the accessibility of primary care. High rates are seen for some conditions specifically associated with premature death in people with ID. Local monitoring of these figures could be used to indicate the effectiveness of local primary health services in providing support to people with ID.
Weda, a new genus with two new species of Euphorbiaceae‐Crotonoideae from Halmahera (North Maluku, Indonesia) and phylogenetic relationships of the Australasian tribe Ricinocarpeae
Authors: van Welzen Peter C. , Arias Guerrero Susana , Arifiani Deby , Bangun Tjut J.F. , Bouman Roderick W. , Eurlings Marcel C.M. , Gushilman Iska , Phillipson Peter B. , Tabak Iris , Winkel Esmée , Wurdack Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDuring the environmental impact study for a proposed nickel mine near Weda Bay on Halmahera in North Moluccas (Maluku Utara Province), Indonesia, two unknown Euphorbiaceae were discovered. Morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic analyses using four markers (plastid trnL‐F and rbcL, and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and external transcribed spacer) indicated that they should be recognized as constituting a new, distinct genus of two species, which are described and illustrated here as Weda fragarioides and Weda lutea. The new taxa are members of the Australasian tribe Ricinocarpeae in subfamily Crotonoideae, and they are most closely related to Alphandia. In contrast with the otherwise mostly sclerophyllous Ricinocarpeae, Weda possesses stellate to dendritic hairs, large, long‐petiolate, glandular leaves, and inflorescences with a pair of large, leafy, subopposite bracts. The two narrowly distributed species are distinguished from each other by vegetative and floral features, molecular data, and elevational preferences. Leaf elemental analysis of Weda indicated manganese, but not nickel, accumulation. Newly resolved generic relationships and potential morphological synapomorphies within Crotonoideae are discussed, and the circumscription of Ricinocarpeae is expanded from 7 to 11 genera.
Prevalence and short‐term outcome of acute kidney injury in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiang Weiyun , Hu Yechao , Sun Yan , Shen Yueli , Xun Yunhao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a distinct syndrome to that in patients with cirrhosis, yet is less characterized. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to investigate the impact of AKI on outcome of ACLF. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for original articles that evaluated the impact of AKI on outcome of ACLF from 2011 to 2019. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for 1‐month and 3‐month mortality was calculated. The response rate of vasoconstrictor for hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)‐AKI was assessed. Eight relevant articles with 3610 patients were included. The prevalence of AKI in ACLF patients was 41% (95% CI 32%‐50%). The presence of AKI was significantly associated with 1‐month mortality of ACLF (OR 3.98, 95% CI 3.09‐5.12; P < .001) and 3‐month mortality (OR 4.98, 95% CI 3.59‐6.92; P < .001). Additionally, patients with AKI stage ≥2 showed a higher 3‐month mortality than stage 1 (OR 3.89, 95% CI 2.60‐5.82; P < .001), and those of stage 3 had a higher mortality than stage ≤2 (OR 3.77, 95% CI 2.10‐6.77; P < .001). The pooled response rate of vasoconstrictors was 32% (95% CI 26%‐37%). This meta‐analysis indicated that about 40% of ACLF patients complicated with AKI and the presence of AKI substantially increased the short‐term mortality, together with a poor response rate of vasoconstrictors for HRS‐AKI.
Breastfeeding beliefs and experiences of African immigrant mothers in high‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Odeniyi Adefisayo O. , Embleton Nicholas , Ngongalah Lem , Akor Wanwuri , Rankin Judith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBreastfeeding provides optimal nutrition for the healthy growth of infants and is associated with reduced risks of infectious diseases, child and adult obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Migration has been shown to influence breastfeeding especially among migrants from low‐and‐middle‐income countries. This mixed‐methods systematic review aimed to identify, synthesise, and appraise the international literature on the breastfeeding knowledge and experiences of African immigrant mothers residing in high‐income countries. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched from their inception to February 2019. Grey literature, reference, and citation searches were carried out and relevant journals hand‐searched. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently carried out by two reviewers. An integrated mixed‐methods approach adopting elements of framework synthesis was used to synthesise findings. The initial searches recovered 8,841 papers, and 35 studies were included in the review. Five concepts emerged from the data: (a) breastfeeding practices, showing that 90% of African mothers initiated breastfeeding; (b) knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes, which were mostly positive but included a desire for bigger babies; (c) influence of socio‐demographic, economic, and cultural factors, leading to early supplementation; (d) support system influencing breastfeeding rates and duration; and (e) perception of health professionals who struggled to offer support due to culture and language barriers. African immigrant mothers were positive about breastfeeding and willing to adopt best practice but faced challenges with cultural beliefs and lifestyle changes after migration. African mothers may benefit from more tailored support and information to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Association of vitamin D supplementation with respiratory tract infection in infants
Authors: Hong Miao , Xiong Ting , Huang Junmei , Wu Yuanjue , Lin Lixia , Zhang Zhen , Huang Li , Gao Duan , Wang Huanzhuo , Kang Chun , Gao Qin , Yang Xuefeng , Yang Nianhong , Hao Liping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated with respiratory tract infection (RTI). However, evidence regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on susceptibility of infants to RTI is limited. In this prospective birth cohort study, we examined whether vitamin D supplementation reduced RTI risk in 2,244 infants completing the follow‐up from birth to 6 months of age. The outcome endpoint was the first episode of paediatrician‐diagnosed RTI or 6 months of age when no RTI event occurred. Infants receiving vitamin D supplements at a daily dose of 400–600 IU from birth to the outcome endpoint were defined as vitamin D supplementation and divided into four groups according to the average frequency of supplementation: 0, 1–2, 3–4, and 5–7 days/week. We evaluated the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and time to the first episode of RTI with Kaplan–Meier plots. The associations of vitamin D supplementation with infant RTI, lower RTI (LRTI), and RTI‐related hospitalization were assessed using modified Poisson regression. The median time to first RTI episode was 60 days after birth (95% CI [60, 90]) for infants without supplementation and longer than 6 months of age for infants with supplementation (p < .001). We observed inverse trends between supplementation frequency and risk of RTI, LRTI, and RTI‐related hospitalization (p for trend < .001), with the risk ratios in the 5–7 days/week supplementation group of 0.46 (95% CI [0.41, 0.50]), 0.17 (95% CI [0.13, 0.24]), and 0.18 (95% CI [0.12, 0.27]), respectively. These associations were significant and consistent in a subgroup analysis stratified by infant feeding.
Humanistic caring, a nursing competency: modelling a metamorphosis from students to accomplished nurses
Authors: Létourneau Dimitri , Goudreau Johanne , Cara Chantal 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundMost nursing regulatory bodies expect nurses to learn to be humanistic and caring. However, the learning process and the developmental stages of this competency remain poorly documented in the nursing literature.MethodsThe study used interpretive phenomenology, and 26 participants (students and nurses) were individually interviewed. Benner's (1994) method was adapted and concretised into a five‐phase phenomenological analysis to assist with intergroup comparisons.ResultsCritical milestones and developmental indicators were identified for each of the five stages of the ‘humanistic caring’ competency. Satisfaction and meaning at work seemed closely connected to the development of ‘humanistic caring’. Links emerged between the development of ‘humanistic caring’ and three other competencies.ConclusionsNurse educators might insist on the fact that ‘humanistic caring’ goes beyond nurse–patient communication and that it is integrated in nursing care. The findings highlight that nurses' working conditions should be improved in order to uphold humanistic caring after graduation.
Light controls stamen elongation via cryptochromes, phytochromes and COP1 through HY5 and HYH
Authors: Marzi Davide , Brunetti Patrizia , Mele Giovanni , Napoli Nadia , Calò Lorenzo , Spaziani Erica , Matsui Minami , De Panfilis Simone , Costantino Paolo , Serino Giovanna , Cardarelli Maura 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYIn Arabidopsis, stamen elongation, which ensures male fertility, is controlled by the auxin response factor ARF8, which regulates the expression of the auxin repressor IAA19. Here, we uncover a role for light in controlling stamen elongation. By an extensive genetic and molecular analysis we show that the repressor of light signaling COP1, through its targets HY5 and HYH, controls stamen elongation, and that HY5 – oppositely to ARF8 – directly represses the expression of IAA19 in stamens. In addition, we show that in closed flower buds, when light is shielded by sepals and petals, the blue light receptors CRY1/CRY2 repress stamen elongation. Coherently, at flower disclosure and in subsequent stages, stamen elongation is repressed by the red and far‐red light receptors PHYA/PHYB. In conclusion, different light qualities – sequentially perceived by specific photoreceptors – and the downstream COP1–HY5/HYH module finely tune auxin‐induced stamen elongation and thus male fertility.
Parameter Identification of Fractional Order Systems Using a Collocation Method Based on Hybrid Functions
Authors: Lu Y. , Zhang J. , Tang Y. G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel collocation method based on hybrid functions to identify the parameters and differential orders of fractional order systems (FOS). The hybrid functions consist of block-pulse functions and Taylor polynomials. The analytical form of Riemann–Liouville fractional order integral operator of these hybrid functions is derived using the Laplace transform. Then the integral operator is utilized, in conjunction with collocation points, to convert the FOS into an algebraic system directly. The parameters and differential orders of the FOS are estimated by minimizing the error between the output of the actual system and that of the estimated system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through four examples.
Forced Convection Heat Transfer From a Particle at Small and Large Peclet Numbers
Authors: Dehdashti Esmaeil , Masoud Hassan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We theoretically study forced convection heat transfer from a single particle in uniform laminar flows. Asymptotic limits of small and large Peclet numbers Pe are considered. For Pe≪1 (diffusion-dominated regime) and a constant heat flux boundary condition on the surface of the particle, we derive a closed-form expression for the heat transfer coefficient that is valid for arbitrary particle shapes and Reynolds numbers, as long as the flow is incompressible. Remarkably, our formula for the average Nusselt number Nu has an identical form to the one obtained by Brenner for a uniform temperature boundary condition (Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 18, 1963, pp. 109–122). We also present a framework for calculating the average Nu of axisymmetric and two-dimensional (2D) objects with a constant heat flux surface condition in the limits of Pe≫1 and small or moderate Reynolds numbers. Specific results are presented for the heat transfer from spheroidal particles in Stokes flow.
Additive Manufacturing of Polymer-Metal/Ceramic Functionally Graded Composite Components via Multiple Material Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Chueh Yuan-Hui , Zhang Xiaoji , Wei Chao , Sun Zhe , Li Lin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the printing of 3D functionally graded polymer/metal, polymer/ceramic composite components via an ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser-based multiple material powder bed fusion (PBF) is reported. Components consisted of various polymer composites with different compositions according to design was realized. High concentrations (up to 90%) of solid particle additives, including soda-lime glass, aluminum oxide, and copper powders, were mixed with the polymer and printed, which was difficult or impossible to realize using conventional injection molding or standard fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing. Effects of laser melting/sintering parameters and manufacturing strategy of each type of polymeric composite were investigated. A successful delivery of very difficult-to-feed fine powder mixtures such as PA11/Al2O3 with irregular powder geometry via a new configuration of ultrasonic feeding was demonstrated. Three examples of 3D functionally graded components (part of a shoe sole, a turbine blade, and components of a ball bearing) were printed to illustrate the potential applications of the method.
Numerical Simulation of Liquid Droplet Coalescence and Breakup
Authors: Yuan Shuxia , Dabirian Ramin , Shoham Ovadia , Mohan Ram S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper studied the evolution of binary droplet collision in liquid and also a mathematical calculation method of coalescence time. Binary droplet collisions occur in many engineering applications; however, the accurate models to predict the collision of droplets in the liquid are still lacking. In this work, the binary collision processes of droplets were simulated through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method, where the interfaces between the two phases were tracked by the volume of fluid (VOF) approach. The results reveal that Weber number determines the results of the head-on collisions, and the cases with the same Weber number present similar evolution processes. If coalescence happens, the collision time decreases with increase in relative velocity, whereas the shape recovery time is independent with the relative velocity, but depends on droplet diameter. It is derived from this research that the collision time is proportional to the droplet diameter, and the shape recovery time is proportional to the 3/2 power of droplet diameter. The droplet moving directions play an important role in the collision results, and the case of two droplets moving toward each other with equal velocity is the easiest way to coalesce. When two droplets with different sizes collide, besides relative velocity, the coalescence and breakup are determined by the absolute velocities, the size, and size ratio of the two droplets. The increase in viscosity of continuous phase results an increase in collision time, but decrease in coalescence time.
Microenvironment mapping via Dexter energy transfer on immune cells
Authors: Geri Jacob B. , Oakley James V. , Reyes-Robles Tamara , Wang Tao , McCarver Stefan J. , White Cory H. , Rodriguez-Rivera Frances P. , Parker Dann L. , Hett Erik C. , Fadeyi Olugbeminiyi O. , Oslund Rob C. , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: March 2020

Pinpointing proteinsTo develop drugs that target a specific cell surface protein, it's helpful to know which other proteins reside in its vicinity. Geriet al.report a light-triggered labeling technique that improves the spatial resolution for this type of mapping. Specifically, they rely on a photocatalyst with a very short energy-transfer range to activate a carbene-based label that can only diffuse a short distance in water before reacting. They showcase the technique by mapping the environment of the programmed-death ligand 1 (PDL1) protein on B cell surfaces, a system of considerable interest in cancer immunotherapy.Science, this issue p.1091