bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of rapid annealing on the evolution of fractal abnormal grains in nanocrystalline Pd–10 at% Au
Authors: Zeller R A , Fey H J , Braun C , Birringer R , Krill III C E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
During abnormal grain growth, certain grains grow to much larger sizes than their neighbors. Usually, such abnormal grains expand in all directions at roughly the same speed, but in nanocrystalline Pd-10 at% Au, they appear to send forth dendritic offshoots into the surrounding matrix, resulting in highly irregular, fractal-like grain shapes. Exploiting the fast heating capabilities of a salt-bath oven, we have investigated the influence of heating rate on the evolution of fractal grain morphologies in nanocrystalline Pd-10 at% Au. In this material, the nanocrystalline matrix is stable at 170°C, but fractal grains appear within minutes at 200°C and 270°C, followed by fast growth until impingement. Surprisingly, the higher dwell temperature leads to a smaller average grain size in the fully impinged state. For the latter, no additional grain growth is observed at longer dwell times, but the fractal dimension of grain boundaries decreases with time at 270°C. These findings are consistent with abnormal grain formation being governed by a temperature-dependent nucleation process, upon which is superimposed the usual capillary driving force for grain growth; however, the mechanism by which boundaries migrate through the nanocrystalline matrix while retaining fractality remains unclear.
Thermal stability of laser shock peening processed Ni-based superalloy DZ17G
Authors: Zhou Guangni , Shen Hao , Zhu Wenxin , Tamura Nobumichi , Chen Kai , Zhang Yubin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ni-based superalloys are widely used in challenging environments due to their exceptional mechanical properties. To enhance their resistance to damage, surface modification by laser shock pinning (LSP) is an approach to improve performance of superalloys. Considering that superalloys are typically used at high temperatures, the thermal stability of the LSP-processed material should be studied. In this article, the hardness and microstructure of a LSP-processed Ni superalloy, DZ17G, are characterized after annealing at various temperatures (up to 1000 °C) for different time periods. The results show that the majority of the strength increase achieved at the sample surface from LSP processing is lost after annealing at 800 °C for 10 h. Detailed microstructural characterization by synchrotron μXRD and metallography shows that the hardness decrease is due primarily to the annihilation of dislocations, and no recrystallization occurs in the temperature range studied.
Grey box identification and adaptive control in a water level system
Authors: Rodriguez R , Paredes V , Noa G , Trucios L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We study the application of Adaptive Control to estimate external disturbances in a Water Level System model, taking advantage of a constructed nonlinear grey box identification that allows to exploit its dynamics. The external disturbances will be specially related to valve manipulations considering limited sensing information using only water height sensors. Our methodology is twofold: (1) Using a grey box model to identify the plant under an operating point and, (2) using adaptive control to react against changes in the system or perturbations on the valve and still lead to a convergent and asymptotically stable controller.
Simple discrete time traction control for a two-wheeled mobile robot
Authors: Dahlan M , Sutapun A , Sangveraphunsiri V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Traction controls usually need dynamic parameters as an approximated reference in the model, such as inertia and friction or heavily computational estimator, such as slip ratio estimator and friction estimator. This paper is shown that the dynamic parameters in the traction controller can be negligible in some cases, internal sensor state variables and gain parameters are enough to retain some traction controllability. The controller is derived from the model following control method (MFC) on a discrete domain. Experiments are performed, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the simplified controller using a two-wheeled mobile robot, by comparing slippage between the position and velocity control scheme with and without the traction control scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed traction control scheme is able to suppress the slip and very simple to implement.
Implementation of an automatic control system on a roaster of peruvian andes grains
Authors: Garcia Luis , Lupaca Mario , Cardenas Diego , Munoz Karol 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the results of the automation of a roaster of grains grown in the Peruvian Andes. The research work consisted in developing an automatic control system for the temperature and speed of rotation of the drum of a gas roaster machine with mechanical-electrical control. The new system is based on a PLC with a proportional control algorithm for temperature and an open loop for drum rotation, which allows the grain temperature to develop, in time, the predefined curves for its 3 types: corn, broad beans and soybeans. The cultivation of these in the various microclimates along the Andes Mountains gives them unique characteristics that condition the proper roasting to the operator’s experience. To that end, a matrix was developed with parameters whose values were determined by tests conducted by expert operators in manual roasting. The experimental results showed that the roasted beans reached the desired quality characteristics such as humidity, color, aroma and flavor, as well as a decrease in the duration of the process and in fuel consumption, as well as the reduction of waste for over-roasting.
Motion control of self-driving vehicles on rough roads
Authors: Shapovalov I , Gafurov S , Klimchik A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Control of self-driving vehicles is one of the-up-to-date tasks. Vehicles are non-linear dynamic systems with a large number of parameters. When it is supposed to move on a rough road with a lot of abrupt turns, significant unpredictable and unmeasurable disturbances emerge and the control quality degrades significantly. We implemented model predictive path integral (MPPI) control to deal with significant unmeasured disturbances. To approve efficiency of the proposed controller, we conducted simulation of complex car motion on a plane under the control of PID, and MPPI controllers. Performance of controllers is comparatively equal in stable modes, when reference position and velocity do not change. MPPI controllers outperform PID ones in unstable modes due to their ability to predict a vehicle behavior. Also, MPPI is the best choice for the rejection of significant external disturbances.
Invariance, controlled invariance and conditioned invariance in structured systems and applications to disturbance decoupling
Authors: Conte G , Perdon A M , Zattoni E , Moog C H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, dynamical systems whose structure is defined by means of a simple, directed graph are considered. These objects can be used to model structured systems or, more generally, networks of systems and systems of systems, where the relations between state, input and output variables or, respectively, between agents are known only for being zero or nonzero. Using an approach that is conceptually similar to the geometric approach developed for linear time-invariant systems, suitable notions of invariance, controlled invariance and conditioned invariance are introduced and related to the action of feedbacks. The results are used to provide general solvability conditions for disturbance decoupling problems expressed in graph-theoretic terms.
Acoustic performance of locally resonant layer backing with panel-water-panel termination
Authors: Han-Feng Ye , Shi-Peng Wang , Yue Wu , Meng Tao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The acoustic performance of locally resonant layer backing with the “panel-water-panel” termination has been studied. Using the finite element software COMSOL, the acoustic model of locally resonant layer has been given firstly. Then, the effect of several parameters including incident angles, cell numbers and cavity defects, on the sound absorption performance of locally resonant layer have been numerically analyzed.
Adaptive stabilization of two complex-conjugate dominant poles and quality indices of oscillating transient process in systems with interval parametric uncertainty
Authors: Khozhaev I V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper is dedicated to a development of a controller synthesis method for control systems with an interval parametric uncertainty. The method combines two approaches to controller synthesis: adaptive one and interval one; also it is based on a pole domination principle. Therefore, the method allows providing desired control quality by placing two complex-conjugate dominant poles as necessary and reducing an influence of all other poles on a transient process in conditions of an interval parametric uncertainty. Application example of the synthesis method is provided; results of simulation modelling of a system, synthesized with the help of the method, are also provided.
ClinVAP: a reporting strategy from variants to therapeutic options
Authors: Sürün Bilge , Schärfe Charlotta P I , Divine Mathew R , Heinrich Julian , Toussaint Nora C , Zimmermann Lukas , Beha Janina , Kohlbacher Oliver 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Next-generation sequencing has become routine in oncology and opens up new avenues of therapies, particularly in personalized oncology setting. An increasing number of cases also implies a need for a more robust, automated and reproducible processing of long lists of variants for cancer diagnosis and therapy. While solutions for the large-scale analysis of somatic variants have been implemented, existing solutions often have issues with reproducibility, scalability and interoperability.

Results
Clinical Variant Annotation Pipeline (ClinVAP) is an automated pipeline which annotates, filters and prioritizes somatic single nucleotide variants provided in variant call format. It augments the variant information with documented or predicted clinical effect. These annotated variants are prioritized based on driver gene status and druggability. ClinVAP is available as a fully containerized, self-contained pipeline maximizing reproducibility and scalability allowing the analysis of larger scale data. The resulting JSON-based report is suited for automated downstream processing, but ClinVAP can also automatically render the information into a user-defined template to yield a human-readable report.

Availability and implementation
ClinVAP is available at https://github.com/PersonalizedOncology/ClinVAP.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Measuring effects of medication adherence on time-varying health outcomes using Bayesian dynamic linear models
Authors: Campos Luis F , Glickman Mark E , Hunter Kristen B 
Published: December 2019

Summary
One of the most significant barriers to medication treatment is patients’ non-adherence to a prescribed medication regimen. The extent of the impact of poor adherence on resulting health measures is often unknown, and typical analyses ignore the time-varying nature of adherence. This article develops a modeling framework for longitudinally recorded health measures modeled as a function of time-varying medication adherence. Our framework, which relies on normal Bayesian dynamic linear models (DLMs), accounts for time-varying covariates such as adherence and non-dynamic covariates such as baseline health characteristics. Standard inferential procedures for DLMs are inefficient when faced with infrequent and irregularly recorded response data. We develop an approach that relies on factoring the posterior density into a product of two terms: a marginal posterior density for the non-dynamic parameters, and a multivariate normal posterior density of the dynamic parameters conditional on the non-dynamic ones. This factorization leads to a two-stage process for inference in which the non-dynamic parameters can be inferred separately from the time-varying parameters. We demonstrate the application of this model to the time-varying effect of antihypertensive medication on blood pressure levels for a cohort of patients diagnosed with hypertension. Our model results are compared to ones in which adherence is incorporated through non-dynamic summaries.
White matter hyperintensities are common in midlife and already associated with cognitive decline
Authors: d’Arbeloff Tracy , Elliott Maxwell L , Knodt Annchen R , Melzer Tracy R , Keenan Ross , Ireland David , Ramrakha Sandhya , Poulton Richie , Anderson Tim , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie E , Hariri Ahmad R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
White matter hyperintensities proliferate as the brain ages and are associated with increased risk for cognitive decline as well as Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. As such, white matter hyperintensities have been targeted as a surrogate biomarker in intervention trials with older adults. However, it is unclear at what stage of aging white matter hyperintensities begin to relate to cognition and if they may be a viable target for early prevention. In the Dunedin Study, a population-representative cohort followed since birth, we measured white matter hyperintensities in 843 45-year-old participants using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and we assessed cognitive decline from childhood to midlife. We found that white matter hyperintensities were common at age 45 and that white matter hyperintensity volume was modestly associated with both lower childhood (ß = −0.08, P = 0.013) and adult IQ (ß=−0.15, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, white matter hyperintensity volume was associated with greater cognitive decline from childhood to midlife (ß=−0.09, P &lt; 0.001). Our results demonstrate that a link between white matter hyperintensities and early signs of cognitive decline is detectable decades before clinical symptoms of dementia emerge. Thus, white matter hyperintensities may be a useful surrogate biomarker for identifying individuals in midlife at risk for future accelerated cognitive decline and selecting participants for dementia prevention trials.
Experimental Evidence Supporting an Obligate Adult Diapause for Spruce Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from British Columbia
Authors: Bleiker K P , Willsey T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Insects respond to environmental conditions with a variety of developmental responses which include changing developmental rates, or suppressing development altogether in quiescence or diapause. Such responses have important implications for survival and voltinism. The spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), has long been assumed to have an obligatory adult diapause based on field observations that adults always overwinter prior to dispersing and reproducing; however, it has never been experimentally demonstrated and recent evidence suggests that adults in some populations may exhibit facultative tendencies. We examined the emergence of adults at a constant 22°C after exposure to 2°C for 0 (no cold), 25, 50, and 75 d. Our observations of a delayed and extremely protracted emergence period in the absence of a substantive cold period, which could last several months, in combination with rapid, synchronous mass emergence after a substantive cold period, are most consistent with an obligate diapause. Approximately 50% of individuals could complete diapause in 55 d at 2°C, and 75 d of cold was adequate for almost all individuals to complete diapause. Beetles that emerged slowly over time may still have been in diapause; however, additional research would be required to test this hypothesis. Conditions throughout the beetle’s range in Canada should facilitate successful completion of diapause. An obligate adult diapause for spruce beetle populations in western Canada would limit the shortest possible life cycle to 1 yr, but would also serve to maintain an adaptive 1-yr life cycle, especially under a changing climate.
Does type 2 diabetes confer higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men?
Authors: Malmborg Morten , Schmiegelow Michelle D S , Nørgaard Caroline H , Munch Anders , Gerds Thomas , Schou Morten , Kistorp Caroline , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Hlatky Mark A , Gislason Gunnar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
To investigate whether diabetes confers higher relative rates of cardiovascular events in women compared with men using contemporary data, and whether these sex-differences depend on age.

Methods and results
All Danish residents aged 40–89 years without a history major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, as of 1 January 2012 until 31 December 2016 were categorized by diabetes-status and characterized by individual-level linkage of Danish nationwide administrative registers. We used Poisson regression to calculate overall and age-dependent incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and women-to-men ratios for myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischaemic stroke, or cardiovascular death (MACE-HF). Among 218 549 (46% women) individuals with diabetes, the absolute rate of MACE-HF was higher in men than in women (24.9 vs. 19.9 per 1000 person-years). Corresponding absolute rates in men and women without diabetes were 10.1 vs. 7.0 per 1000 person-years. Comparing individuals with and without diabetes, women had higher relative rates of MACE-HF than men [2.8 (confidence interval, CI 2.9–2.9) in women vs. 2.5 (CI 2.4–2.5) in men] with a women-to-men ratio of 1.15 (CI 1.11–1.19, P &lt; 0.001). The relative rates of MACE-HF were highest in the youngest and decreased with advancing age for both men and women, but the relative rates were higher in women across all ages, with the highest women-to-men ratio between age 50 and 60 years.

Conclusion
Although men have higher absolute rates of cardiovascular complications, the relative rates of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes are higher in women than in men across all ages in the modern era.
Microsporidia with Vertical Transmission Were Likely Shaped by Nonadaptive Processes
Authors: Haag Karen L , Pombert Jean-François , Sun Yukun , de Albuquerque Nathalia Rammé M , Batliner Brendan , Fields Peter , Lopes Tiago Falcon , Ebert Dieter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicrosporidia have the leanest genomes among eukaryotes, and their physiological and genomic simplicity has been attributed to their intracellular, obligate parasitic life-style. However, not all microsporidia genomes are small or lean, with the largest dwarfing the smallest ones by at least an order of magnitude. To better understand the evolutionary mechanisms behind this genomic diversification, we explore here two clades of microsporidia with distinct life histories, Ordospora and Hamiltosporidium, parasitizing the same host species, Daphnia magna. Based on seven newly assembled genomes, we show that mixed-mode transmission (the combination of horizontal and vertical transmission), which occurs in Hamiltosporidium, is found to be associated with larger and AT-biased genomes, more genes, and longer intergenic regions, as compared with the exclusively horizontally transmitted Ordospora. Furthermore, the Hamiltosporidium genome assemblies contain a variety of repetitive elements and long segmental duplications. We show that there is an excess of nonsynonymous substitutions in the microsporidia with mixed-mode transmission, which cannot be solely attributed to the lack of recombination, suggesting that bursts of genome size in these microsporidia result primarily from genetic drift. Overall, these findings suggest that the switch from a horizontal-only to a mixed mode of transmission likely produces population bottlenecks in Hamiltosporidium species, therefore reducing the effectiveness of natural selection, and allowing their genomic features to be largely shaped by nonadaptive processes.
Budgetary Consequences of High Medical Spending Across Age and Social Status: Evidence from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys
Authors: Mueller Collin W , Charron-Chénier Raphaël , Bartlett Bryce J , Brown Tyson H 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study examines high medical spending among younger, midlife, and older households.Research Design and MethodsWe investigate high medical spending using data from the 2010 through March 2018 Consumer Expenditures Surveys (n = 92,951). We classify and describe high medical spenders relative to others within three age groups (household heads age 25–44, 45–64, and 65+) using finite mixture models and multinomial logistic regression, respectively. We then use hierarchical linear models to estimate the effects of high medical spending on nonmedical spending.ResultsAmong younger households, high medical spending is positively associated with higher education and increased spending on housing and food. Among older households, high medical spending is associated with lower education and decreased nonmedical spending.Discussion and ImplicationsEarlier in the life course, high medical spending is more likely to indicate an investment in future household well-being, while at older ages, high medical spending is likely to indicate medical consumption.
Arrival-angle effects on two-receiver measurements of phase velocity
Authors: Magrini Fabrizio , Diaferia Giovanni , Boschi Lapo , Cammarano Fabio 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYWe compile a data set of Rayleigh-wave phase velocities between pairs of stations, based on teleseismic events located on the same great circle as the two stations. We validate our observations against dispersion estimates based on ambient-noise cross correlations at the same station pairs. Discrepancies between the results of the two methods can in principle be explained by deviations in the wave propagation path between earthquake and receivers, due to lateral heterogeneity in the Earth’s structure, but the latter effect has, so far, not been precisely quantified nor corrected for. We implement an algorithm to measure the arrival angle of earthquake-generated surface waves and correct the dispersion measurements accordingly. Application to a data set from the Central-Western Mediterranean shows that the arrival-angle correction almost entirely accounts for the discrepancy in question, decreasing significantly the velocity bias for a wide range of periods.