bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a framework to inform scale-up success for population health interventions: a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature
Authors: Nguyen Duyen Thi Kim , McLaren Lindsay , Oelke Nelly D. , McIntyre Lynn 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Population health interventions (PHIs) have the potential to improve the health of large populations by systematically addressing underlying conditions of poor health outcomes (i.e., social determinants of health) and reducing health inequities. Scaling-up may be one means of enhancing the impact of effective PHIs. However, not all scale-up attempts have been successful. In an attempt to help guide the process of successful scale-up of a PHI, we look to the organizational readiness for change theory for a new perspective on how we may better understand the scale-up pathway. Using the change theory, our goal was to develop the foundations of an evidence-based, theory-informed framework for a PHI, through a critical examination of various PHI scale-up experiences documented in the literature.

Methods
We conducted a multi-step, critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) to gather and examine insights from scale-up experiences detailed in peer-reviewed and grey literatures, with a focus on PHIs from a variety of global settings. The CIS included iterative cycles of systematic searching, sampling, data extraction, critiquing, interpreting, coding, reflecting, and synthesizing. Theories relevant to innovations, complexity, and organizational readiness guided our analysis and synthesis.

Results
We retained and examined twenty different PHI scale-up experiences, which were extracted from 77 documents (47 peer-reviewed, 30 grey literature) published between 1995 and 2013. Overall, we identified three phases (i.e., Groundwork, Implementing Scale-up, and Sustaining Scale-up), 11 actions, and four key components (i.e., PHI, context, capacity, stakeholders) pertinent to the scale-up process. Our guiding theories provided explanatory power to various aspects of the scale-up process and to scale-up success, and an alternative perspective to the assessment of scale-up readiness for a PHI.

Conclusion
Our synthesis provided the foundations of the Scale-up Readiness Assessment Framework. Our theoretically-informed and rigorous synthesis methodology permitted identification of disparate processes involved in the successful scale-up of a PHI. Our findings complement the guidance and resources currently available, and offer an added perspective to assessing scale-up readiness for a PHI.
Oyster hemolymph is a complex and dynamic ecosystem hosting bacteria, protists and viruses
Authors: Dupont S. , Lokmer A. , Corre E. , Auguet J.-C. , Petton B. , Toulza E. , Montagnani C. , Tanguy G. , Pecqueur D. , Salmeron C. , Guillou L. , Desnues C. , La Scola B. , Bou Khalil J. , de Lorgeril J. , Mitta G. , Gueguen Y. , Escoubas J.-M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The impact of the microbiota on host fitness has so far mainly been demonstrated for the bacterial microbiome. We know much less about host-associated protist and viral communities, largely due to technical issues. However, all microorganisms within a microbiome potentially interact with each other as well as with the host and the environment, therefore likely affecting the host health.

Results
We set out to explore how environmental and host factors shape the composition and diversity of bacterial, protist and viral microbial communities in the Pacific oyster hemolymph, both in health and disease. To do so, five oyster families differing in susceptibility to the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome were reared in hatchery and transplanted into a natural environment either before or during a disease outbreak. Using metabarcoding and shotgun metagenomics, we demonstrate that hemolymph can be considered as an ecological niche hosting bacterial, protist and viral communities, each of them shaped by different factors and distinct from the corresponding communities in the surrounding seawater. Overall, we found that hemolymph microbiota is more strongly shaped by the environment than by host genetic background. Co-occurrence network analyses suggest a disruption of the microbial network after transplantation into natural environment during both non-infectious and infectious periods. Whereas we could not identify a common microbial community signature for healthy animals, OsHV-1 μVar virus dominated the hemolymph virome during the disease outbreak, without significant modifications of other microbiota components.

Conclusion
Our study shows that oyster hemolymph is a complex ecosystem containing diverse bacteria, protists and viruses, whose composition and dynamics are primarily determined by the environment. However, all of these are also shaped by oyster genetic backgrounds, indicating they indeed interact with the oyster host and are therefore not only of transient character. Although it seems that the three microbiome components respond independently to environmental conditions, better characterization of hemolymph-associated viruses could change this picture.
Scaling-up an evidence-based intervention for osteoarthritis in real-world settings: a pragmatic evaluation using the RE-AIM framework
Authors: Walker Andrew , Boaz Annette , Gibney Amber , Zambelli Zoe , Hurley Michael V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Scaling-up and sustaining effective healthcare interventions is essential for improving healthcare; however, relatively little is known about these processes. In addition to quantitative experimental designs, we need approaches that use embedded, observational studies on practice-led, naturally occurring scale-up processes. There are also tensions between having adequately rigorous systems to monitor and evaluate scale-up well that are proportionate and pragmatic in practice. The study investigated the scale-up of an evidence-based complex intervention for knee and hip osteoarthritis (ESCAPE-pain) within ‘real-world’ settings by England’s 15 Academic Health Science Networks (AHSNs).

Methods
A pragmatic evaluation of the scale-up of ESCAPE-pain using the RE-AIM framework to measure Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance. The evaluation used routine monitoring data collected from April 2014 to December 2018 as part of a national scale-up programme.

Results
Between 2014 and 2018, ESCAPE-pain was adopted by over 110 clinical and non-clinical sites reaching over 9000 people with osteoarthritis. The programme showed sustained clinical effectiveness (pain, function and quality of life) and high levels of adherence (78.5% completing 75% of the programme) within a range of real-world settings. Seven hundred seventy people (physiotherapists and exercise professionals) have been trained to deliver ESCAPE-pain, and 84.1% of sites have continued to deliver the programme post-implementation.

Conclusions
ESCAPE-pain successfully moved from being an efficacious “research intervention” into an effective intervention within ‘real-world’ clinical and non-clinical community settings. However, scale-up has been a gradual process requiring on-going, dedicated resources over 5 years by a national network of Academic Health Science Networks (AHSNs). Whilst the collection of monitoring and evaluation data is critical in understanding implementation and scale-up, there remain significant challenges in developing systems sufficiently rigorous, proportionate and locally acceptable.
Osteopetrorickets Presenting with Failure to Thrive and Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Freese Jurhee , Greenup Erin , Sunil Bhuvana , Ashraf Ambika P 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOsteopetrosis is a rare group of bone disorders characterized by defective osteoclast bone resorption causing high bone mineral density. A high bone mineral density in combination with defective skeletal mineralization results in a phenotype of osteopetrorickets. We present a rare presentation of infantile osteopetrorickets in an 8-week-old female who presented with failure to thrive, hypophosphatemia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. A skeletal survey showed increased bone density with rachitic changes. She was found to have a homozygous T-cell immune regulator 1 (TCIRG1) pathogenic mutation consistent with osteopetrosis. This highlights the importance of a clinical suspicion of osteopetrosis with this symptom constellation.
Neural tube development depends on notochord-derived Sonic hedgehog released into the sclerotome
Authors: Kahane Nitza , Kalcheim Chaya 
Published: April 2020

Sonic hedgehog (Shh), produced in notochord and floor plate, is necessary both for neural and mesodermal development. To reach the myotome, Shh has to traverse the sclerotome and a reduction of sclerotomal Shh affects myotome differentiation. By loss and gain of Shh function, and floor plate deletions, we presently report that sclerotomal Shh is also necessary for neural tube development. Reducing the amount of Shh in sclerotome by membrane-tethered hedgehog-interacting protein or by Patched1, but not by dominant active Patched, decreased the number of Olig2+ motoneuron progenitors and of Hb9+ motoneurons without a significant effect on either cell survival or proliferation. These effects were a specific and direct consequence of reducing Shh in mesoderm. In addition, grafting notochords in a basal, but not apical location vis-a-vis the tube, profoundly affected motoneuron development, suggesting that initial ligand presentation occurs at the basal side of epithelia corresponding to the sclerotome-neural tube interface.
Collectively, our results reveal that the sclerotome is a potential site of a Shh gradient that coordinates development of mesodermal and neural progenitors.
Fgf-driven Tbx protein activities directly induce myf5 and myod to initiate zebrafish myogenesis
Authors: Osborn Daniel P. S. , Li Kuoyu , Cutty Stephen J. , Nelson Andrew C. , Wardle Fiona C. , Hinits Yaniv , Hughes Simon M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle derives from dorsal mesoderm formed during vertebrate gastrulation. Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signalling cooperates with Tbx transcription factors to promote dorsal mesoderm formation, but their role in myogenesis has been unclear. Using zebrafish, we show that dorsally derived Fgf signals act through Tbx16 and Tbxta to induce slow and fast trunk muscle precursors at distinct dorsoventral positions. Tbx16 binds to and directly activates the myf5 and myod genes, which are required for commitment to myogenesis. Tbx16 activity depends on Fgf signalling from the organiser. In contrast, Tbxta is not required for myf5 expression, but binds a specific site upstream of myod that is not bound by Tbx16 and drives (dependent on Fgf signals) myod expression in adaxial slow precursors, thereby initiating trunk myogenesis. After gastrulation, when similar muscle cell populations in the post-anal tail are generated from tailbud, declining Fgf signalling is less effective at initiating adaxial myogenesis, which is instead initiated by Hedgehog signalling from the notochord. Our findings suggest a hypothesis for ancestral vertebrate trunk myogenic patterning and how it was co-opted during tail evolution to generate similar muscle by new mechanisms.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Adsorption of Water Insoluble Porphyrin to Trioctahedral Layered Aluminosilicate and Its Surface Acidity
Authors: Eguchi Miharu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the adsorption of a non-ionic water-insoluble organic molecule (meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, TPP) on a trioctahedral layered aluminosilicate (saponite, SP) in organic solvents in order to investigate properties of SP as an adsorbent for a wider variety of molecules, other than cationic or polar ones. The affinity of solvents for the layered aluminosilicate surface was an important factor for predicting the molecule’s adsorption proprieties. Namely, solvents with low affinity for the aluminosilicate should be selected so that molecules can approach the surface, thus prompting adsorption of the molecules. Under these conditions, TPP was adsorbed to SP due to their basicity and acidity. The acid on SP adsorbing TPP was revealed to be Lewis acid. The weaker acid strength (H0, estimated to be 0.8–1.5) compared with that of Brønsted acids appeared to be more suitable for adsorbents because molecules are recovered efficiently from SP where their intramolecular charge distributions are shifted. The acidity of SP is discussed quantitatively in this study because this has not been done thoroughly in comparison with dioctahedral aluminosilicates such as montmorillonite, which are conventionally used as catalysts.
Raman spectroscopy-based method for evaluating LED illumination-induced
damage to pigments in high-light-sensitivity art
Authors: Dang Rui , Tan Huijiao , Wang Nan , Liu Gang , Zhang Fenghui , Song Xiangyang 
Published: April 2020

Because commonly used organic pigments are highly responsive to visible
light, high-light-sensitivity art is vulnerable to irreversible
illumination-induced damage caused by radiation from light sources.
With application of the four primary white light-emitting diodes
(fp-WLEDs) in museums, it is urgent to evaluate the
illumination-induced damage to high-light-sensitivity art caused by
the fp-WLEDs. Four narrowband LEDs with different peak wavelengths of
450, 510, 583, and 650 nm that constitute the spectra of the fp-WLEDs
were used to irradiate three commonly used organic pigments:
safflower, gamboge, and indigo. Based on the fundamental reason for
the illumination-induced damage, that is, photochemical reactions,
Raman spectroscopy was introduced into the study. The Raman spectra of
pigments were measured before and after illumination. The
characteristic Raman peaks corresponding to the functional groups that
determine color and structure of pigments were selected, and the
variations in their peak intensities were calculated. The
illumination-induced damage coefficients of four narrowband LEDs on
three organic pigments were obtained, providing a data basis for
illumination-induced damage evaluation equation proposed in this
study, which was expected to further realize museum admission
evaluation of the new fp-WLEDs.
Fabrication and analysis of low-loss silicon high-mesa waveguides
Authors: Han Yu , Li Wenying , Chen Zanhui , Jiang Haisong , Hamamoto Kiichi 
Published: April 2020

Breath sensing is an effective tool for health monitoring. Previously, high-mesa waveguide structures have been proposed by our group for realizing a compact breath-sensing photonic circuit. By using the doped

S
i
O

2

as the waveguide core, 50% concentration

C
O

2

has been detected. One issue of preventing parts per million (ppm)-order detection is the low portion of evanescent light (

Γ

a
i
r

=

2.2

%

) in the doped

S
i
O

2

waveguides. In order to realize low propagation loss

α

and high

Γ

a
i
r

simultaneously, thin silicon (Si) waveguides with a

Γ

a
i
r

as high as 37.6% have been proposed and fabricated in this work. A thermal oxidation technique was applied to further reduce

α

, so that

α

was decreased from 1.45 to 0.84 and 0.29 to 0.2 dB/cm for the 0.5 and 3-µm-wide waveguide, respectively. According to our analysis, the significantly decreased

α

is attributed to recovering the damaged Si core and smoothing the waveguide sidewalls. The high

Γ

a
i
r

and effective loss reduction show a promising potential of applying Si high-mesa waveguides to realize ppm-order sensing.
The Akazehe of Burundi: Polyphonic Interlocking Greetings and the Female Ceremonial. By Serena Facci. Translated by Alessandra Ciucci.
Authors: Facci Serena , Ciucci Alessandra 
Published: April 2020

Akazehe is one of the names in Burundi for forms of sung greeting performed exclusively by women. Studies carried out during the colonial era (in particular Rodegem 1965, 1973) and in more recent times (Ndimurwanko 1985-6) have shown how the contents of these greetings among women are closely linked to the feminine world in which these greetings are used—in specific private and public spaces in accordance with rural tradition. Although these greetings were becoming less common at the time the research for this article was conducted, the author was able to record a number of akazehe after listening to examples of them in the sound archives of the Centre de civilisation burundaise.
A greeting is defined by linguists as a formalized parenthesis that defines, reiterates, and encloses the relation between two participants. The formulaic character of a greeting makes it different from ordinary speech. In the case of the akazehe, the greeting emphasizes gestural and sound qualities to such an extent that it creates a veritable musical texture.
This article presents transcriptions and analysis of some models of akazehe, focusing on one that features procedures of vocal interlocking. The two parts—gutera and kwakira—are organized according to musical rules that manifest a strong spirit of cooperation between the two women who sing the two parts in dialogue. Furthermore, well-defined rules of exchange for the two roles semantically remind us of the social equality between the two participants. The musical enrichment of the time reserved for the greeting is experienced as amusing by the performers. The greeting also represents an opportunity for artistic expression in a social reality that otherwise allows few performance spaces for women.
Citation: Facci, Serena. The Akazehe of Burundi: Polyphonic Interlocking Greetings and the Female Ceremonial. Translated by Alessandria Ciucci. Ethnomusicology Translations, no. 10. Bloomington, IN: Society for Ethnomusicology, 2020.
Originally published in Italian as "Akazehe del Burundi: saluti a incastro polifonico e cerimonialità femminile." In Polifonie: Procedimenti, tassonomi e forme: una reflessione a più voci, edited by Maurizio Agamennone, 123-61. Roma: Bulzoni Editore, 1996.
Note to Reader: This 13 mb PDF file includes musical transcriptions and embedded audio tracks. Embedded audio will not work when viewed in a browser; the file must be downloaded and opened in Adobe Acrobat. Please ensure that your Flash Player is up to date and that Acrobat "trusts" the document.
Adsorption of Sulphur in Biogas by Activated Carbon Derived From Mangrove Fruits (Rhizopora stylosa) as Solid Residue of Natural Dyes Extraction
Authors: Paryanto Paryanto , Wibowo Wusana Agung , Saputra Nandika Aji , Setyawati Rosana Budi 
Published: April 2020

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered as impurity in biogas. H2S could react to form sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) during the burning process. The corrosive property of these compounds possibly cause damage the power plant system. Overcoming this problem, activated carbon impregnated with KOH has been proven to work very well in adsorbing H2S. On the other hand, mangrove fruits pulp residue from the natural dyes extraction process has not utilized. Mangrove (Rhizopora stylosa) fruits contain about 50% fixed carbon which is possibly made as activated carbon. The purposes of this research were to determine the adsorption efficiency of H2S in biogas using activated carbon derived from mangrove fruits residue and to determine isotherm equilibrium constants for adsorption. The small scale adsorption devices consist of cooler, flow stabilizer, flow regulator, flow meter and column adsorber. At certain flow rate, biogas was sampled in every 10 minutes and then analyzed using portable H2S gas analyzer. Temperatures of biogas entered the adsorption column were in the range of 33-34oC. The optimum biogas flow rate was 4 liter per minute (lpm) for 250 grams (16 cm of height) of activated carbon. We found the adsorption efficiency was decreased by time and still reached 79.6% for 50 minutes contact time. Based on coefficient of correlation value (R2) on isotherm model, Langmuir model is more suitable for the H2S adsorption of biogas in this study. We found the Langmuir equilibrium constant k was 0.033 and maximum adsorption capacity (x/m)max was 0.284 mg/mg.
Bioplastik Berbasis Galaktomanan Hasil Ekstraski Ampas Kelapa Dengan Campuran Polyvinyl Alkohol
Authors: Sari Nofita , Mairisya Maudy , Kurniasari Riska , Purnavita Sari 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum yang meliputi luas permukaan dan jumlah solven pada proses ekstraksi galaktomanan dari ampas kelapa terhadap yield yang dihasilkan dan mendapatkan kondisi optimumpada proses pembuatan bioplastik yang meliputi jumlah sorbitol dan waktu pencampuran terhadap karakteristik bioplastik yang meliputi ketebalan, ketahanan air, kuat tarik, elongasi, waktu degradasi dan morfologi.Bioplastik merupakan plastik yang dapat diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme dalam waktu yang singkat, sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan dibandingkan plastik konvensional.Bioplastik terbuat dari bahan polimer alami seperti pati, selulosa atau lemak.Penelitian pembuatan bioplastik ini berbasis dari galaktomanan ampas kelapa dan PVA. Galaktomanan merupakan polimer alami yang memiliki kemampuan membuat lapisan film.Polyvinyl alkohol (PVA) merupakan polimer sintetik namun memiliki sifat mudah larut dalam air sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan campuran pembuatan bioplastik. PVA juga mampu meningkatkan elastisitas dan kuat tarik bioplastik. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bioplastik dengan ketebalan terbaik 0,18 mm dan prosentase ketahanan air tertinggi 74,76%. Tensile strength bioplastik terbaik dengan nilai 7,55 MPa, sedangkan prosentase elongation terbaik 46,81%. Bioplastik pada penelitian ini memiliki titik leleh (MP) 120°C dan terdegradasi sempurna dalam 24 jam. This study aims to obtain optimum conditions which are including surface area and amount of solvent in the galactomannan extraction process from coconut pulp to the produced yield and obtaining the optimum conditions in the bioplastic manufacturing process which are included the amount of sorbitol and mixing time of the bioplastic characteristics including thickness, water resistance, tensile strength, elongation, degradation time and morphology. Bioplastics are plastics that can be decomposed by microorganisms in a short time, making them more environmentally friendly than conventional plastics bioplastics made from natural polymer materials such as starch, cellulose, or fat. The research in making bioplastics was based on galactomannan coconut pulp and PVA. Galactomannan is a natural polymer that can make film layers. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer but has properties that are soluble in water so it can be used as a mixture of bioplastics. PVA is also able to increase the elasticity and strong pull of bioplastics. This study produced bioplastics with the best thickness of 0,18mm and the highest percentage of water resistance in 74,76%. The best bioplastic tensile strength at 7,55 MPa value, while the best percentage of elongation 46,81%. Bioplastics in this study had a melting point (MP) of 120 ° C and were degraded correctly in 24 hours.