bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic strengthening of lake ice
Authors: Murdza Andrii , Marchenko Aleksey , Schulson Erland M. , Renshaw Carl E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFurther to systematic experiments on the flexural strength of laboratory-grown, fresh water ice loaded cyclically, this paper describes results from new experiments of the same kind on lake ice harvested in Svalbard. The experiments were conducted at −12 °C, 0.1 Hz frequency and outer-fiber stress in the range from ~ 0.1 to ~ 0.7 MPa. The results suggest that the flexural strength increases linearly with stress amplitude, similar to the behavior of laboratory-grown ice.
RANK-TO-RANK EMBEDDINGS AND STEEL’S CONJECTURE
Authors: GOLDBERG GABRIEL 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper establishes a conjecture of Steel [7] regarding the structure of elementary embeddings from a level of the cumulative hierarchy into itself. Steel’s question is related to the Mitchell order on these embeddings, studied in [5] and [7]. Although this order is known to be illfounded, Steel conjectured that it has certain large wellfounded suborders, which is what we establish. The proof relies on a simple and general analysis of the much broader class of extender embeddings and a variant of the Mitchell order called the internal relation.
PINDAR,ISTHMIAN4.47
Authors: Lane Nicholas 
Published: November 2020

45 τόλμᾳ γὰρ εἰκώϲθυμὸν ἐριβρεμετᾶν θηρῶν λεόντωνἐν πόνῳ, μῆτιν δ᾽ ἀλώπηξ,αἰετοῦ ἅ τ᾽ ἀναπιτναμένα ῥόμβον ἴϲχει·χρὴ δὲ πᾶν ἔρδοντ᾽ ἀμαυρῶϲαι τὸν ἐχθρόν.46 θηρᾶν: HeyneFor he [sc. Melissus, the victor] resembles the boldness of loudly roaring wild lions in his heart during the struggle, but in skill he is a fox, which rolls on its back to check the eagle's swoop. One must do everything to diminish one's opponent.
Functional connectivity associated with improvement in emotion management after cognitive enhancement therapy in early-course schizophrenia
Authors: Guimond Synthia , Ling George , Drodge Jessica , Matheson Hannah , Wojtalik Jessica A. , Lopez Betzamel , Collin Guusje , Brady Roscoe , Mesholam-Gately Raquelle I. , Thermenos Heidi , Eack Shaun M. , Keshavan Matcheri S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to manage emotions is an important social-cognitive domain impaired in schizophrenia and linked to functional outcome. The goal of our study was to examine the impact of cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) on the ability to manage emotions and brain functional connectivity in early-course schizophrenia.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to CET (n = 55) or an enriched supportive therapy (EST) control group (n = 45). The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and measures of emotion management performances were collected at baseline, 9, and 18 months follow-up. The final sample consisted of 37 CET and 25 EST participants, including 19 CET and 12 EST participants with imaging data. Linear mixed-effects models investigated the impact of treatment on emotion management and functional connectivity from the amygdala to ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC).ResultsThe CET group showed significant improvement over time in emotion management compared to EST. Neither functional connectivity changes nor main group differences were observed following treatment. However, a significant between-group interaction showed that improved emotion management ability was associated with increased functional connectivity between the left amygdala and the left dlPFC in the CET group exclusively.ConclusionOur results replicate the previous work demonstrating that CET is effective at improving some aspects of social cognition in schizophrenia. We found evidence that improvement in emotion management may be associated with a change in amygdala-dlPFC connectivity. This fronto-limbic circuit may provide a mechanistic link between the biology of emotion management processes that can be enhanced in individuals with schizophrenia.
Distribution of health anxiety in a general adult population and associations with demographic and social network characteristics
Authors: Norbye Anja Davis , Abelsen Birgit , Førde Olav Helge , Ringberg Unni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealth anxiety (HA) is associated with increased risk of disability, increased health care utilization and reduced quality of life. However, there is no consensus on which factors are important for the level of HA. The aim of this study was to explore the distribution of HA in a general adult population and to investigate whether demographic and social factors were associated with HA.MethodsThis study used cross-sectional data from the seventh Tromsø study. A total of 18 064 participants aged 40 years or older were included in the analysis. The six-item Whiteley Index (WI-6) with a 5-point Likert scale was used to measure HA. Sociodemographic factors included age, sex, education, household income, quality of friendship and participation in an organized activity.ResultsHA showed an exponential distribution among the participants with a median score of 2 points out of 24 points. In total, 75% had a total score of 5 points or less, whereas 1% had a score >14 points. Education, household income, quality of friendship and participation in organized activity were significantly associated with HA. The variable quality of friendship demonstrated the strongest association with HA.ConclusionOur study showed an exponential distribution of HA in a general adult population. There was no evident cut-off point to distinguish participants with severe HA based on their WI-6 score, indicating the importance of analysing HA as a complex, continuous construct. HA demonstrated strong associations with quality of friendship and participation in an organized activity.
Leaving Agent-Relative Value Behind
Authors: Johnson Christa M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommonsense morality seems to feature both agent-neutral and agent-relative elements. For a long time, the core debate between consequentialists and deontologists was which of these features should take centerstage. With the introduction of the consequentializing project and agent-relative value, however, agent-neutrality has been left behind. While I likewise favor an agent-relative view, agent-neutral views capture important features of commonsense morality.This article investigates whether an agent-relative view can maintain what is attractive about typical agent-neutral views. In particular, I argue that the agent-relative reasons-wielding deontologist is ultimately able to capture those features ordinarily associated with agent-neutral views, while the agent-relative value wielding consequentialist is left with a dilemma. The consequentializer either succumbs to the concerns of her agent-neutral opponents or else abandons the distinctive and attractive features of her view. Either way, I conclude that agent-relative value is best left behind.
Development of an index to assess adherence to the traditional Mexican diet using a modified Delphi method
Authors: Valerino-Perea Selene , Armstrong Miranda Elaine Glynis , Papadaki Angeliki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:Promoting a traditional Mexican diet (TMexD) could potentially reduce high rates of non-communicable diseases (NCD) and support food sustainability in Mexico. This study aimed to develop an index to assess adherence to the TMexD.Design:A three-round Delphi study was conducted to examine the food groups, specific foods and food-related habits that would constitute a TMexD index. Participants selected the TMexD items using Likert scales, lists of responses, and yes/no questions. Consensus was determined using percentages of agreement, mean values and/or coefficients of variation.Setting:Online Delphi study.Participants:Seventeen nutrition and food experts in Mexico completed all three rounds.Results:The resulting index (ranging from 0 to 21 points) consisted of 15 food groups, containing 102 individual foods. Food groups included in higher quantities were maize, other grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, herbs, nuts and seeds, and tubers. Animal foods, vegetable fats and oils, homemade beverages, maize-based dishes, and plain water were also included, but in lower quantities. The food-related habits included were consuming homemade meals, socialising at meals and buying food in local markets. Consensus was reached for all index items apart from quantities of consumption of six food groups (herbs, nuts, grains, tubers, dairy and eggs).Conclusions:Although future research could improve the measures for which consensus was not reached, the TMexD index proposed in this study potentially displays a healthy and sustainable dietary pattern and could be used to examine links between the TMexD and health outcomes in Mexican populations.
Spatio-temporal trends in anaemia among pregnant women, adolescents and preschool children in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Weze Kelechi , Abioye Ajibola Ibraheem , Obiajunwa Chiagoziem , Omotayo Moshood 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:We investigated the spatiotemporal trends in the burden of maternal, adolescent and child anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and evaluated some individual and household predictors of anaemia.Design:Average Hb concentrations and anaemia prevalence were estimated, plotted over time and mapped by country and sub-region. Multilevel linear regression models were used to evaluate individual and household predictors of Hb concentration.Participants:Data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) spanning 2000–2018 were merged into data sets for 37 623 pregnant women, 89 815 older adolescent girls and 401 438 preschool children.Setting:The merged DHS represent nationally representative samples from thirty-three countries.Results:Prevalence of anaemia remains high in SSA, affecting 60, 36 and 44 % of children, adolescents and pregnant women, respectively. Anaemia prevalence among children did not materially improve from 2000 to 2018. Anaemia prevalence among older adolescent girls and pregnant women did not also improve, but this masks a period of improvement followed by depreciation in population anaemia status. Pregnant adolescents had 12·5 g/l (95 % CI: 11·3, 13·6) lower Hb concentration compared with non-pregnant adolescents and 1·7 g/l (95 % CI: 0·7, 2·6) lower Hb concentration compared with pregnant women > 40 years, respectively. Stunting and wasting were associated with 1·3–3·3 g/l lower Hb concentration among children. Other significant predictors of Hb concentration were educational attainment, wealth quintiles, source of drinking water, number of children < 5 years in the household and possession of bed-nets.Conclusion:Anaemia in SSA has not improved remarkably since year 2000 and remains excessive among children.
Natural Variability of Skeletal Elemental Phosphorus (P/Ca), Lead (Pb/Ca), and Barium (Ba/Ca) in the Western Pacific Sclerosponges Acanthoceatetes wellsi and Astrosclera welleyana
Authors: Grottoli Andréa G. , Chapron Leila , Gava Dana , Olesik John W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractElemental proxies are used to reconstruct oceanic conditions that predate modern records. Such proxies have been established in corals, but few attempts have been made in sclerosponges. However, their wide distribution and slow growth make sclerosponges good candidates for multicentury recorders of local oceanographic conditions. Here, we investigated the elements P, Pb, and Ba (standardized to Ca) in the accretionary skeleton of two sclerosponge species, Acanthocheatetes wellsi (high‐Mg calcite) collected from Palau and Saipan, and Astrosclera willeyana (aragonite) collected in Saipan. All specimens were stained in situ and left to grow on the reef for two years. We measured these elements in (1) 2‐year bulk skeletal samples to explore the effect of local environmental conditions and mineralogy on the skeletal composition and (2) at high resolution to determine the temporal variability of these elements and evaluate their potential as paleo‐proxies. We found that for A. wellsi, bulk P/Ca was higher and Pb/Ca lower in Palau than in Saipan suggesting that these elements vary in response to the local seawater elemental composition. In Saipan, bulk P/Ca was higher in A. wellsi compared to A. willeyana, which is most likely due to differences in mineralogy. At high resolution, only P/Ca signatures appeared to be moderately reproducible within and among species suggesting that sclerosponges are recording seawater P/Ca. In Saipan, A. willeyana P/Ca variability also correlated with temperature suggesting that variation in seawater P concentrations co‐varied with temperature. Additional study is needed to determine if sclerosponge P/Ca is a reliable proxy of seawater nutrient variability.
Compound Risks of Hurricane Evacuation Amid the COVID‐19 Pandemic in the United States
Authors: Pei Sen , Dahl Kristina A. , Yamana Teresa K. , Licker Rachel , Shaman Jeffrey 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe 2020 Atlantic hurricane season was extremely active and included, as of early November, six hurricanes that made landfall in the United States during the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Such an event would necessitate a large‐scale evacuation, with implications for the trajectory of the pandemic. Here we model how a hypothetical hurricane evacuation from four counties in southeast Florida would affect COVID‐19 case levels. We find that hurricane evacuation increases the total number of COVID‐19 cases in both origin and destination locations; however, if transmission rates in destination counties can be kept from rising during evacuation, excess evacuation‐induced case numbers can be minimized by directing evacuees to counties experiencing lower COVID‐19 transmission rates. Ultimately, the number of excess COVID‐19 cases produced by the evacuation depends on the ability of destination counties to meet evacuee needs while minimizing virus exposure through public health directives. These results are relevant to disease transmission during evacuations stemming from additional climate‐related hazards such as wildfires and floods.
Enrichment and physiological characterization of a novel comammox Nitrospira indicates ammonium inhibition of complete nitrification
Authors: Sakoula Dimitra , Koch Hanna , Frank Jeroen , Jetten Mike S M , van Kessel Maartje A H J , Lücker Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The recent discovery of bacteria within the genus Nitrospira capable of complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) demonstrated that the sequential oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite can also be performed within a single bacterial cell. Although comammox Nitrospira exhibit a wide distribution in natural and engineered ecosystems, information on their physiological properties is scarce due to the limited number of cultured representatives. Additionally, most available genomic information is derived from metagenomic sequencing and high-quality genomes of Nitrospira in general are limited. In this study, we obtained a high (90%) enrichment of a novel comammox species, tentatively named “Candidatus Nitrospira kreftii”, and performed a detailed genomic and physiological characterization. The complete genome of “Ca. N. kreftii” allowed reconstruction of its basic metabolic traits. Similar to Nitrospira inopinata, the enrichment culture exhibited a very high ammonia affinity (Km(app)_NH3 ≈ 0.040 ± 0.01 µM), but a higher nitrite affinity (Km(app)_NO2- = 12.5 ± 4.0 µM), indicating an adaptation to highly oligotrophic environments. Furthermore, we observed partial inhibition of ammonia oxidation at ammonium concentrations as low as 25 µM. This inhibition of “Ca. N. kreftii” indicates that differences in ammonium tolerance rather than affinity could potentially be a niche determining factor for different comammox Nitrospira.
Comparing isolated-check visual evoked potential, pattern visual evoked potential, and standard automated perimetry in dysthyroid optic neuropathy eyes
Authors: Qi Xin , Tong Boding , Hu Weikun , Luo Ban 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
To determine the diagnostic ability of isolated-check visual evoked potential (icVEP), pattern visual evoked potential (pVEP), and standard automated perimetry (SAP) between dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) without DON (non-DON).

Methods
This is a case-control study, 49 bilateral patients (26 DON and 23 non-DON) were included. icVEP, pVEP, and SAP were conducted in all the subjects, icVEP parameters compared were signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) under 8, 16, and 32% depth of modulation (DOM). pVEP parameters compared were amplitude and latency. SAP parameters were mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), net reclassification index (NRI), integrated discrimination index (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied for analysis.

Results
In icVEP, values of SNR in DON were significantly smaller than non-DON (p < 0.05). In pVEP, P100 latent time in DON was significantly larger than non-DON (p = 0.0026). In SAP, value of PSD in DON was larger than non-DON (p = 0.0006), and value of MD in DON was smaller (p = 0.0007). AUC, NRI, and IDI among the three tests were not significantly different. DCA showed that SNR of icVEP under 8% DOM was the farthest from the two extreme curves.

Conclusions
icVEP, pVEP, and SAP have equal diagnostic capabilities to discern between DON and non-DON. In addition, icVEP may represent a significant ancillary diagnostic approach to DON detection, with more clinical benefit.
Unilateral retinoblastoma; natural history and an age-based protocol in 248 patients
Authors: El Zomor Hossam , Nour Radwa , Saad Anas , Taha Hala , Shelil Abdallah E. , Aleieldin Adel , Saad Zaghloul M. , Alfaar Ahmad S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to study the clinical state and prognosis of patients with unilateral retinoblastoma who were being treated at a paediatric comprehensive cancer centre in a limited-resource country, to assess the different phases of treatment and the success of different, more complex real-life models.

Subjects
In this retrospective study, we created a snapshot of our retinoblastoma database for the period between 2007 and 2015. Patients whose data were included in the study were followed up until 2016. Out of a total of 744 screened patients, we included data of 248 patients who had been diagnosed with unilateral retinoblastoma.

Results
As classified as per the International Retinoblastoma Classification, 1 patient presented with group A, 21 with group B, 39 with group C, 104 with group D and 83 with group E retinoblastoma. Chemotherapy was the initial line of treatment in 115 patients and enucleation in 133 others. Later, 141 patients (56.9%) required further management. Patients had a mean ocular survival time of 20.8 months. Nine patients developed extraocular disease at a later stage of management: five after upfront enucleation and four after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Mean overall survival time stood at 90.2 months. Four and three deaths were recorded in groups D and E, respectively. A single patient died in the initial chemotherapy arm, while six passed away in the initial enucleation arm.

Conclusion
Our study highlights the importance of initial chemotherapy and close follow-up after enucleation of classes D and E affected eyes even in absence of germline mutations.
Structural basis for tuning activity and membrane specificity of bacterial cytolysins
Authors: Shah Nita R. , Voisin Tomas B. , Parsons Edward S. , Boyd Courtney M. , Hoogenboom Bart W. , Bubeck Doryen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are pore-forming proteins that serve as major virulence factors for pathogenic bacteria. They target eukaryotic cells using different mechanisms, but all require the presence of cholesterol to pierce lipid bilayers. How CDCs use cholesterol to selectively lyse cells is essential for understanding virulence strategies of several pathogenic bacteria, and for repurposing CDCs to kill new cellular targets. Here we address that question by trapping an early state of pore formation for the CDC intermedilysin, bound to the human immune receptor CD59 in a nanodisc model membrane. Our cryo electron microscopy map reveals structural transitions required for oligomerization, which include the lateral movement of a key amphipathic helix. We demonstrate that the charge of this helix is crucial for tuning lytic activity of CDCs. Furthermore, we discover modifications that overcome the requirement of cholesterol for membrane rupture, which may facilitate engineering the target-cell specificity of pore-forming proteins.
Vav2 catalysis-dependent pathways contribute to skeletal muscle growth and metabolic homeostasis
Authors: Rodríguez-Fdez Sonia , Lorenzo-Martín L. Francisco , Fernández-Pisonero Isabel , Porteiro Begoña , Veyrat-Durebex Christelle , Beiroa Daniel , Al-Massadi Omar , Abad Antonio , Diéguez Carlos , Coppari Roberto , Nogueiras Rubén , Bustelo Xosé R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscle promotes metabolic balance by regulating glucose uptake and the stimulation of multiple interorgan crosstalk. We show here that the catalytic activity of Vav2, a Rho GTPase activator, modulates the signaling output of the IGF1- and insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in that tissue. Consistent with this, mice bearing a Vav2 protein with decreased catalytic activity exhibit reduced muscle mass, lack of proper insulin responsiveness and, at much later times, a metabolic syndrome-like condition. Conversely, mice expressing a catalytically hyperactive Vav2 develop muscle hypertrophy and increased insulin responsiveness. Of note, while hypoactive Vav2 predisposes to, hyperactive Vav2 protects against high fat diet-induced metabolic imbalance. These data unveil a regulatory layer affecting the signaling output of insulin family factors in muscle.