bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costs of illness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a cross-sectional survey in Germany
Authors: Schönfelder Erik , Osmanovic Alma , Müschen Lars Hendrik , Petri Susanne , Schreiber-Katz Olivia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Consequently, patients undergo a multidisciplinary treatment that often requires intensive use of medical resources. This study provides an estimate on the cost of illness depending on the clinical severity while also analysing the patients’ health-related quality of life.Methods Data from patients and caregivers was collected through a standardized questionnaire. Direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs were calculated using the latest German health economic guidelines. Patients were divided into five groups according to the King’s staging system. Health-related quality of life was assessed using EuroQoL Group EQ-5D-5LTM questionnaire. Influencing factors on both, total cost and quality of life, were examined.Results The mean annual total cost of illness was 78,256€ per patient while the lifetime cost per patient was estimated at 246,184€. The prevalence based total burden yearly therefore was 519,776,352€ in Germany. Nearly half of the costs were attributable to informal care. With increase of the clinical severity stage, costs rose and quality of life decreased. The score of the revised Amyotrophic Laterals Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale was identified as one major influencing factor on total costs, while subjective impairment in daily activities and classification into a care level influenced patients’ quality of life.Conclusion It is essential to understand the socioeconomic burden of a disease. These data can be used to improve patient care standards and quality of life while also serving as a basis for cost-benefit analyses during the approval process of new treatments.
Assessing the Dynamic Tourism Inter-Industry Linkages and Economic Structural Changes in Cambodia’s Economy
Authors: Hor Chantha - 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study employs the SAM-based model combining with Multiplier Production Matrix and Field of Influence Approach. Under three Input-Output Transaction Table Matrices of the year 2005, 2010, and 2015, these approaches use to assess the dynamic tourism inter-industry linkages and structural economic changes in Cambodia. We find that the overall inter-industry connection is relatively low. The textile, other manufacturing, and transportation and communication are key sectors. They have the largest coefficient field of influence of changes in the economic system. Tourism has shifted to be a key sector in 2010 and 2015. However, its backward and forward linkages are still small. It is a relatively promising sector in terms of generating a large coefficient field of influence of changes, showing less strength of overall connection with other industries. This study may suggest that there would be a need for promoting, encouraging, and investing in key economic sectors. Policies intervention should focus on developing domestic tourism linkages and strengthening inter-industry ties for the success of diversifying tourism benefits to the local economy.
High-performance computing in water resources hydrodynamics
Authors: Morales-Hernández M. , Sharif M. B. , Gangrade S. , Dullo T. T. , Kao S.-C. , Kalyanapu A. , Ghafoor S. K. , Evans K. J. , Madadi-Kandjani E. , Hodges B. R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This work presents a vision of future water resources hydrodynamics codes that can fully utilize the strengths of modern high-performance computing (HPC). The advances to computing power, formerly driven by the improvement of central processing unit processors, now focus on parallel computing and, in particular, the use of graphics processing units (GPUs). However, this shift to a parallel framework requires refactoring the code to make efficient use of the data as well as changing even the nature of the algorithm that solves the system of equations. These concepts along with other features such as the precision for the computations, dry regions management, and input/output data are analyzed in this paper. A 2D multi-GPU flood code applied to a large-scale test case is used to corroborate our statements and ascertain the new challenges for the next-generation parallel water resources codes.
The Oldest Russian Manuscripts as an Object of Statistical Analysis
Authors: Baranov V. A. , Zholobov O. F. 
Published: March 2020

В работе описаны два статистических эксперимента, целью которых стало выявление корреляционной близости / удаленности 12 текстов, дошедших до нас в русских списках XI века, и сопоставление с ними произведений автора XII века Кирилла Туровского (РНБ, F.п.I. 39, XIII в.; лл. 1–48), приведены результаты сопоставительного анализа: а) различных способов извлечения лингвистических единиц из текстов и б) выборок разного объема, а также лингвистической интерпретации основных закономерностей группировки рукописей. Степень лингвостатистической тесноты рукописей вычисляется в два этапа: на первом сопоставляются перечни наиболее частотных слов каждой пары текстов (вычисляется коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена), на втором тексты группируются на основе полученных значений корреляции, которые принимаются за расстояния между рукописями (используется кластерный анализ и строится дендрограмма). Извлечение наиболее частотных слов рукописей, построение ранжированных перечней, получение сведений о количестве (а соответственно, о ранге) каждой из форм в других кодексах выполнено с помощью модуля статистики исторического корпуса «Манускрипт». Вычисление коэффициентов корреляции текстов и кластеризация текстов осуществлены с помощью программного пакета «Статистика» (TIBCO Software Inc.). Проанализированы перечни разного объема (от 50 до 300 словоформ), состоящие из единиц разной степени унификации относительно текстовых форм.Результатом первого эксперимента стало выявление трех основных устойчивых кластеров подкорпуса – группы Евангелий, группы миней и группы сборников разного содержания. Второй эксперимент дал возможность увидеть зависимость близости проповедей Кирилла Туровского разным кластерам от степени унификации форм в выборках и объема последних.Лингвистический анализ результатов позволил выявить лексико-грамматические и лексико-семантические факторы, определяющие вхождение текстов Кирилла Туровского при различных исходных условиях выборки в разные кластеры – в группу Евангельских списков (при объеме выборки 50 или 100 слов), в подгруппу сборников (при выборке в 200 слов), в подгруппу Изборника 1073 г. и Пандектов Антиоха (выборка – 300 слов).
The Long-term Effects of Metformin on Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kwon Soie , Kim Yong Chul , Park Jae Yoon , Lee Jeonghwan , An Jung Nam , Kim Clara Tammy , Oh Sohee , Park Seokwoo , Kim Dong Ki , Oh Yun Kyu , Kim Yon Su , Lim Chun Soo , Lee Jung Pyo 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE
Metformin is the first pharmacological option for treating type 2 diabetes. However, the use of this drug is not recommended in individuals with impaired kidney function because of the perceived risk of lactic acidosis. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 10,426 patients with type 2 DKD from two tertiary hospitals. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) progression. The secondary outcome was metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Taking into account the possibility that patients with less severe disease were prescribed metformin, propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted.

RESULTS
All-cause mortality and incident ESRD were lower in the metformin group according to the multivariate Cox analysis. Because the two groups had significantly different baseline characteristics, PSM was performed. After matching, metformin usage was still associated with lower all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.65; 95% CI 0.57–0.73; P &lt; 0.001) and ESRD progression (aHR 0.67; 95% CI 0.58–0.77; P &lt; 0.001). Only one event of metformin-associated lactic acidosis was recorded. In both the original and PSM groups, metformin usage did not increase the risk of lactic acidosis events from all causes (aHR 0.92; 95% CI 0.668–1.276; P = 0.629).

CONCLUSIONS
In the present retrospective study, metformin usage in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, especially those with CKD 3B, decreased the risk of all-cause mortality and incident ESRD. Additionally, metformin did not increase the risk of lactic acidosis. However, considering the remaining biases even after PSM, further randomized controlled trials are needed to change real-world practice.
Organisational Justice and Organisational Commitment among Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Jameel Alaa S. , Mahmood Yazen N. , Jwmaa Swran J. 
Published: March 2020

Given the importance of teachers ' understanding of organizational justice and its effect on their organizational commitment, the literature of teachers and schools lacks evidence about the relations between these factors in developing countries. This research seeks to investigate the direct influence of organizational justice on teachers committed to their schools. the study consists of three dimensions of Organizational justice namely: distributive, procedural, and interactional justice as a dependent variables and organizational commitment as an independent variable. The study conducted among eight official secondary schools. However, Stratified random sampling choice depending on the total of teachers at each school, Data Collection Method was using a structured questionnaire by self-administrative. SPSS has analysed the 92 valid surveys. The results indicated there is a positive and significant relationship between Organizational justice dimensions and organizational commitment, distributive justice found highly correlated with organizational commitment. However, the three dimensions of Organizational justice positively and significantly predicted organizational commitment among secondary school teachers. The study could provide some significant literature contributions on the Organizational justice and organizational commitment of secondary school teachers in developing countries.
Private Governance of Freedom of Expression on Social Media Platforms: EU content regulation through the lens of human rights standards
Authors: Jørgensen Rikke Frank , Zuleta Lumi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For years, social media platforms have been perceived as a democratic gain, facilitating freedom of expression, easy access to a variety of information, and new means of public participation. At the same time, social media have enabled the dissemination of illegal content and incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence, fuelling several content regulation initiatives. From the perspective of freedom of expression, this development embraces two challenges: first, private actors govern freedom of expression, without human rights safeguards; second, this privatised governance of human rights is encouraged and legitimised by a broad range of EU policy initiatives. Informed by an analysis of Danish Facebook users’ attitudes toward public debate on Facebook, we pose the question: How do social media companies such as Facebook balance various human rights considerations on their platforms, particularly in relation to freedom of expression? We analyse the abovementioned challenges through a human rights lens, which serves as the analytical framework for this article. Further, we suggest some strategies for moving forward, drawing on recent recommendations from the UN human rights system.
Pola Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Anak Air Padang Tahun 2012
Authors: Novesar Aidil Rahman , Darwin Eryati , Yani Finny Fitry 
Published: March 2020

AbstrakInfeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang penting karena menyebabkan kematian bayi dan balita yang cukup tinggi yaitu 1 dari 4 kematian yang terjadi. Kejadian ISPA di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Anak Air Kota Padang tahun 2012. Masih menduduki peringkat pertama dari sepuluh penyakit terbanyak dan merupakan puskesmas dengan angka kejadian ISPA tertinggi di Kota Padang. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study dengan menggunakan catatan rekam medik anak yang menderita ISPA di puskemas Anak Air sebagai data sekunder. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa frekuensi balita ISPA adalah 28,29% dari total penderita ISPA, dimana anak berusia 0-5 tahun yang terdiiri dari bayi sebanyak 21,5% dan balita sebanyak 78,5%. Distribusi antara balita laki-laki dan perempuan sebesar 50,04% dan 49,96%. Wilayah kerja kelurahan Batipuh Panjang memiliki frekuensi sebesar 51,71% dan kelurahan Padang Sarai sebesar 47,94 sementara luar wilayah sebesar 0,25%, distribusi dan frekuensi berdasarkan bulan didapatkan bulan November sebagai bulan dengan kejadian tertinggi atau sebesar 16,56% dan bulan September sebagai bulan dengan kejadian terendah sebesar 5,10%.Kata kunci: ISPA, bayi, pola kejadian, distribusi AbstractAcute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is still an issue regarding the importance of public health, because it cause high death rates, in a scale 1 from 4. Every child was estimated having 3 - 6 episodes of ARI every year. ARI in Puskesmas Anak Air Kota Padang 2012 is still on top of ten most common disease and a Puskesmas with the highest rate of ARI in Padang. This was a cross sectional study by using medical record as secondary data. The result of the result was infants with ARI is 28,29% from the total of all ARI patients, where it happened to 0-5 years old children divided to baby as much of 21,5% and 78,5% to infants, while the gender distribution between male and female infants was 50,04% and 49,96% in the Batipuh Panjang region which is having a frequency of 51,71% and Padang Sarai region 47,94% while other region was 0,25%. The distribution and the frequency based on months, was gathered in November as the highest rate occurrences of 16,56% and September as the lowest, 5.10%.Keywords: ARI, infants , patterns, distribution
Uji Efek Antibakteri Minyak Jintan Hitam (Nigella Sativa) Dalam Kapsul yang Dijual Bebas Selama Tahun 2012 di Kota Padang Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro
Authors: Putra Gezha Utama , Djamal Aziz , Masri Machdawaty 
Published: March 2020

AbstrakJintan Hitam atau Nigella sativa diketahui memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri, seperti terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Kedua bakteri ini memiliki sifat yang berbeda namun memiliki kesamaan dari penyakit yang disebabkannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efek antibakteri produk minyak jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) dalam bentuk kapsul antara bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherechia coli secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2012 - Desember 2012 di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel jintan hitam yang digunakan tidak memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan semua sampel tersebut memiliki efek antibakteri yang bervariasi pada Staphylococcus aureus. Analisis Anova menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing sampel minyak Nigella sativa memberikan efek berbeda secara signifikan pada pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus, bahkan enam diantaranya memiliki efek yang lebih baik daripada Cepoperazon (25 mm) sebagai kontrol yang digunakan.Kata kunci: Nigella sativa, efek antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli. AbstractBlack Cumin or Nigella sativa known have the capability as antibacterial, such as to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Both of these bacteria have different properties but have similarities from diseases they may cause. The objective of this study was to compare anti-bacterial effects of black cumin oil (Nigella sativa) which has been packaged in capsules towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro The research was conducted in January 2012 to December 2012 at the Microbiology laboratory, Medicine Faculty of Andalas University. The results of this research indicate that all black cumin samples that are used did not have antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and all samples had antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus with germ-free area that size varies. Anova analysis results indicate that each of Nigella sativa gives differ effects significantly on Staphylococcus aureus growth, even six of them have better effect than Cepoperazon (25 mm) were used as controls.Keywords: Nigella sativa, antibacterial effect, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
Hubungan Pemakaian Panty Liner dengan Kejadian Fluor Albus pada Siswi SMA di Kota Padang Berdasarkan Wawancara Terpimpin (Kuisioner)
Authors: Persia Anisa , Gustia Rina , Bahar Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

AbstrakPenyebab tersering fluor albus (keputihan) patologis adalah infeksi. Proses infeksi dapat dipicu oleh banyak hal, salah satunya adalah karena pemakaian panty liner. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan hubungan antara pemakaian panty liner dengan kejadian fluor albus pada siswi SMA. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswi di enam SMA di kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional study dengan responden sebanyak 289 orang. Pengumpulan data responden dilakukan dengan wawancara terpimpin (pengisian kuisioner). Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa lebih dari separuh responden yang memakai panty liner mengalami fluor albus (69,2%) dan 80% diantaranya mengganti panty liner <2 kali perhari. Uji statistik chi- square menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pemakaian panty liner dengan kejadian fluor albus (p<0,05) dan frekuensi penggantian panty liner perhari dengan kejadian fluor albus (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pemakaian panty liner dengan fluor albus pada siswi SMA di Kota Padang.Kata kunci: fluor albus, panty liner, siswi SMA AbstractThe most common of pathology fluor albus is infection. Infection can be cocked by panty liner uses. The objective of this study was to determine relationship between panty liner uses and the incidence of fluor albus in female student of Senior High School. The research was executed to female student of senior high school in Padang. There are six schoosl was chosen as sample. This research used cross sectional study design to 289 respondent. Data was collected by guided interview. Statistic analysis use chi-square test. The result of research found more than half respondent who use panty liner experience of fluor albus (69.2%) and 80% of them just replace panty liner<2 times a day. Chi-square test showed that there is significant relationship between panty liner uses with fluor albus experience (p<0.05) and frequency of panty liner uses replacement with fluor albus experience (p<0.05). There is a significant relationship between panty liner uses and the incidence of fluor albus in female student of senior high school at Padang.Keywords: fluor albus, panty liner, female student of senior high school
Gambaran Pola Gangguan Jiwa pada Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan yang Dimintakan Visum et Repertum Psikiatri ke RSJ Prof. HB. Saanin Padang Periode 1 Januari 2008 – 31 Desember 2012
Authors: Bikrulmal Bikrulmal , Nurdin Adnil Edwin , Susanti Rika 
Published: March 2020

AbstrakBeberapa jenis gangguan jiwa seperti disebutkan dalam berbagai literatur yang disokong oleh hasil penelitian, memiliki resiko untuk melakukan tindakan kekerasan. Hal ini merupakan masalah yang harus segera diatasi, mengingat besarnya kemungkinan bahwa peningkatan angka tindak kekerasan yang semakin bertambah dari hari ke hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pola gangguan jiwa pada pelaku tindak pidana kekerasan yang dimintakan Visum et Repertum Psikiatri ke RSJ Prof. HB. Saanin Padang selama periode tahun 2008 – 2012. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif retrospektif dan data yang diperoleh diolah secara manual dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 41 pelaku tindak pidana kekerasan yang dimintakan Visum et Repertum Psikiatri ke RSJ Prof. HB. Saanin Padang dengan jumlah bervariasi setiap tahunnya antara 4 sampai dengan 12 kasus. Sebagian besar pelaku dinilai menderita gangguan jiwa (75,6%) dengan diagnosis gangguan jiwa paling banyak ditemukan adalah skizofrenia (34,15%) khususnya skizofrenia paranoid (24,39%). Sebanyak 49% pelaku dinilai tidak mampu menyadari tujuan dari perbuatan dan mengarahkan kemauan, terutama pada penderita skizofrenia (29,27%).Kata kunci: pola gangguan jiwa, tindak pidana kekerasan, visum et repertum psikiatri. AbstractSome specific types of mental disorders announced in the literature that supported by research data, show a risk to commit violent acts. This is a problem that must be overcome because the numbers of violence increase from day to day. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of mental disorders in the violence criminal with Visum et Repertum Psychiatry requested to RSJ Prof. HB. Saanin Padang during the period 2008 - 2012. The research method used was a descriptive retrospective and the data obtained were processed manually and presented in the form of frequency distribution table. The results showed that during the period 2008 - 2012 there were 41 violent offenders who requested Visum et Repertum Psychiatry to RSJ Prof. HB. Saanin Padang with varying amounts each year between 4 to 12 cases. Most of the offenders assessed mental disorder (75.6%) with a diagnosis of mental disorder most commonly found is schizophrenia (34.15%), especially paranoid schizophrenia (24.39%). 49% of offenders were considered not able to realize the objectives of the action and directing the will, especially in patients with schizophrenia (29.27%).Keywords: patterns of mental disorders, violence criminal, visum et repertum psychiatry