bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections (PABSI) in hematological patients: a single center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kessel Johanna , Bug Gesine , Steffen Björn , Brunnberg Uta , Vehreschild Maria J.G.T. , Weber Sarah , Scheich Sebastian , Lang Fabian , Serve Hubert , Herrmann Eva , Hogardt Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Bloodstream infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PABSI) in hematological patients are associated with high morbidity and mortality. We investigated the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of PABSI at our center.

Methods
All adult hematological patients with PABSI between January 2013 and July 2023 were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibilities, antibiotic therapy, fluoroquinolone-prophylaxis, source of infection, and 30-day outcome were recorded. Descriptive statistics, tests for difference, and logistic regression models were performed.

Results
Fifty patients with PABSI were identified with a median age of 58.5 years (range 24–78). 37 patients (74%) had severe neutropenia, 20 (40%) received allogeneic HSCT, and 29 (58%) had acute leukemia. A total of 34 (68%) had received timely appropriate anti-pseudomonal antibiotic therapy. The most common presumed cause of PABSI was mucositis (n = 16, 32%), followed by pneumonia (8, 16%) and skin and soft tissue infections (n = 6, 12%). Empirical combination therapy was used in 16 (32%) patients, while targeted combination therapies were used in 27 (54%) patients. P. aeruginosa detection led to treatment change in 31 (62%) cases. The overall 30-day survival rate was 78% (n = 39). Carbapenem-resistance occurred in 34% (n = 17), and multidrug-resistance (MDR) in 20% (n = 10). Prior antibiotic exposure was associated with resistance. Appropriate antibiotic therapy was associated with survival, whereas antibiotic resistance and organ infection were associated with a fatal outcome.

Conclusion
Prior antibiotic exposure in hematological patients is associated with resistance in PABSI, which is a major risk factor for a fatal outcome. Antibiotic stewardship efforts should be intensified and fluoroquinolone prophylaxis needs to be reconsidered.
Sustainable Development, Education and Learning
Authors: Thoresen Victoria W. 
Published: December 2024

The UN's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number four (4) focuses on inclusive, quality education, galvanizing efforts for substantial educational reform around the globe. Progress is being made but are the initiatives being upscaled and mainstreamed rapidly enough? Has caring become an essential aspect of learning? Have cooperative learning and creativity been given enough attention? Are teachers receiving sufficient support? These are some of the questions raised by Victoria Thoresen as she considers the goals and challenges iterated in the SDG.<br><br>Thoresen argues that unless implementation of the new definitions of inclusive, quality education are prioritized everywhere, sustainable development will be severely hampered and, conceivably, misdirected. She examines the recent evolution of education in light of political and commercial ambitions, technological advancements, and knowledge creation and sharing. Key concerns relating to education for and learning about sustainable development are identified and major obstacles to achieving inclusive, quality education for all are discussed.
Platelet characteristics in extremely preterm infants after fatty acid supplementation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lundgren Pia , Pivodic Aldina , Nilsson Anders K. , Hellgren Gunnel , Danielsson Hanna , Wackernagel Dirk , Pupp Ingrid Hansen , Ley David , Sävman Karin , Uhlén Mattias , Smith Lois E. H. , Hellström Ann 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Two risk factors for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in extremely preterm infants are thrombocytopenia and low levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To date, these risk factors have not been linked.

Method
Infants born < 28 weeks gestational age (GA) from 2016 to 2019 were randomized to postnatal enteral AA/DHA supplementation or standard care (controls). Levels of AA and DHA, platelet counts ( < 100 × 109/L defined as thrombocytopenia) and platelet-related proteins in the infants’ first four weeks of life were evaluated for their association with severe ROP.

Results
The mean birthweight of 178 included infants was 806 ± 200 grams, and the mean GA was 25.6 ± 1.4 weeks. During the first four postnatal weeks, 20.2% of AA/DHA-supplemented infants had thrombocytopenia versus 27.7% of controls (p = 0.29). In infants with thrombocytopenia, fewer AA/DHA-supplemented infants developed severe ROP than non-supplemented controls, 29.4% (5/17) versus 65.4% (17/26) (p = 0.031). Thrombocytopenia and serum levels of AA and DHA correlated with several platelet-related proteins involved in angiogenesis and ROP, such as platelet-derived growth factor subunits A and B and vascular endothelial growth factor.

Conclusions
AA and DHA supplementation is associated with less severe ROP in thrombocytopenic infants, possibly by modulating platelet activation and function.

Impact

Postnatal enteral supplementation with arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to extremely preterm infants reduces the risk of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants with thrombocytopenia. The impact of AA and DHA might be, at least in part, mediated through altered platelet activation.

We found that AA and DHA may reduce the risk of severe ROP, possibly by modulating platelet-related proteins involved in angiogenesis.

Our findings strongly support that supplementing AA and DHA to extremely preterm infants is crucial and can significantly impact their health.
Predicting Auditory Skill Outcomes After Pediatric Cochlear Implantation Using Preoperative Brain Imaging
Authors: Yuan Di , Chang Wai Tsz , Ng Iris H.-Y. , Tong Michael C. F. , Chu Winnie C. W. , Young Nancy M. , Wong Patrick C. M. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Our study used preoperative neuroanatomical features to predict auditory development in Chinese-learning children with cochlear implants (CIs).

Method:

T1-weighted whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained from 17 Chinese-learning pediatric CI candidates (12 females and five males, age at MRI = 23.0 ± 15.0 months). Voxel-based morphometry was applied to examine the children's whole-brain structure. Machine learning was employed using neuroanatomical features to predict children's auditory skills up to 24 months after CI. The whole-brain neural model and auditory/visual cortex neural model were compared with a nonneural model using gender, age at CI activation, and preoperative residual hearing as predictors. Model performance was quantified using the mean square error (
MSE
) between predicted values and observations.

Results:

The model with preoperative neuroanatomical features showed a significantly smaller
MSE
than the nonneural model in predicting auditory skills in children with CIs. Specifically, the auditory-related area played an important role in predicting post-CI outcomes.

Conclusions:
The preoperative neuroanatomical features outperformed the nonneural features in predicting auditory skills in children with CIs. These results indicate that neural structure holds the potential to serve as an objective and effective feature for predicting post-CI outcomes.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28012046
Deictic shifts and re-contextualization in translation
Authors: Diyanati Masoumeh , Amouzadeh Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the challenges of translating English demonstratives into Persian, with a focus on deictic
shifts and their discourse-pragmatic implications. It aims to outline the recontextualization that deictic terms undergo during
translation and the role of discourse-pragmatic factors in this process. Utilizing a parallel database of literary and academic
texts in English and Persian, all instances of English demonstratives and their Persian counterparts have been identified and
compared based on type, form, and quantity. An analysis of 1,849 instances of demonstrative discrepancies reveals two primary
types of deictic shifts: (1) genuine shifts, which involve a change in the deictic center due to the translator’s
(inter)subjectivity, leading to the re-contextualization of discourse, and (2) non-genuine shifts, where there is no change in the
origo. The findings indicate a tendency for genuine shifts to alternate between distal-to-proximal and
proximal-to-distal, with a marked preference for distal-to-proximal shifts, attributed to the unmarked nature of proximal deixis
in Persian. Furthermore, translators frequently replace pure deictics with impure forms or add deictic terms for clarity,
reflecting broader translation strategies aimed at ensuring the definiteness and explicitness of referents.
Demonstrative pronouns in Kina Rutul
Authors: Mukhin Timofey , Nasledskova Polina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental study of exophoric uses of demonstrative pronouns in the Kina variety of Rutul (Lezgic, East Caucasian). We collected the questionnaire designed by Wilkins (1999) from seven female native speakers of different ages to determine the spatial meanings of demonstrative pronouns and to identify secondary parameters affecting the use of pronouns, such as visibility of the object and boundaries of the living space. The demonstrative system of Kina Rutul proved to be polycentric (person-oriented). In addition, we found a difference in use of the distal demonstrative. Some speakers use it considering the distance to both participants, while others use it only as a speaker (and not addressee) oriented term. We suppose that this difference might correlate with the speakers’ age and be evidence in favour of a potential change in the system of demonstrative pronouns in the modern language.
Lability in Balkan Slavic
Authors: Makartsev Maxim , Wahlström Max , Escher Anastasia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article assesses claims made in the previous studies regarding the increase in the number of identical
transitive and intransitive verbs with patient-like arguments, that is, patientively labile (P-labile) verbs, in Macedonian in
comparison with the other South Slavic languages. Based on an extensive sample of 130 varieties from different parts of the South
Slavic dialectal continuum, this study confirms the observations regarding increased lability in Western and some Southeastern
Macedonian dialects. Additionally, outside the labile hotbed, lability remains low with relatively homogenous patterning.
Fuzzy-based voltage balancing technique for better operation of Multilevel Inverter in Harmonics Mitigation
Authors: Yong Swee Xiang , Hoon Yap , Mun Hou Kit , Low Foo Wah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The deployment of renewable energy sources, particularly in grid-connected inverters, necessitates efficient power electronics converters to ensure seamless integration in distributed generation (DG) systems. However, challenges such as power quality issues, specifically harmonics induced by non-linear loads, persist in these systems, necessitating innovative solutions. This paper proposes the implementation of a Multilevel Inverter-based Active Power Filter (MI-APF) to enhance harmonic filtering capabilities and address power quality issues. Despite its potential, MI-APF faces voltage imbalance challenges within the inverter due to differential charge and discharge rates among capacitors. To counteract this, a robust voltage balancing technique leveraging Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) is introduced. The objective of this research is to develop a single-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) utilizing a five-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter and design a new FLC-based voltage balancing algorithm for CHB inverters. The proposed technique, utilizing FLC, is rigorously evaluated, demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating voltage imbalances, and enhancing power system reliability. There is a significant reduction in the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the output voltage compared to conventional methods, indicating improved power quality. Additionally, the system’s response time is notably faster, with minimal overshoot, showcasing FLC’s ability to adapt swiftly and accurately to dynamic conditions, thereby enhancing overall system performance.
Reinforcement Learning assisted LQR Tuning of a Load Bearing Robotic Arm
Authors: Murali Rishen , King Phang Swee 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a Linear Quadratic Regulator feedback controller that is tuned by a Reinforcement Learning agent is implemented into the control of a DOBOT Magician Robot Arm to carry and place a load, to which the performance will be compared to the same action undergone by the default movement control of the DOBOT Magician. A 3D URDF model of the DOBOT Magician is imported into Simulink in MATLAB to derive a state-space model. The state-space model is then shaped in Python together with an LQR controller. The Q and R values, which correspond to the state deviation and control effort of the LQR controller, are iteratively tuned by a Reinforcement Learning agent created through TensorFlow in Python, being trained to maximise the efficiency of a particular movement that is performed under a set time frame. Once the Q and R values have been set, the movement efficiency is then benchmarked against the efficiency of the default DOBOT movement.
Design of a Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) for Drainage Systems in Malaysia
Authors: Sze Leong Pui , Kum Tien Douglas Tong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Gross Pollutant Trap (GPT) is a mechanical device that is installed prior to the river outfall to capture gross pollutants such as debris and coarse sediments from stormwater. Gross pollutants are defined as solid debris with the dimension of 5 mm or above. By eliminating gross pollutants from entering rivers, the water treatment process can be carried out more effectively leading to improved water quality. However, despite its benefits, GPT use in Malaysia is limited due to challenges in its maintenance and high installation costs. The purpose of this study is to design and evaluate a GPT for use under Malaysian weather conditions, able to capture general wastes and suitable to be placed according to infrastructure conditions. The efficiency of waste removal, stormwater flow, and ease of maintenance were considered. Evaluations were carried out using a scaled model. The trapping efficiency of solid debris and also of coarse sediments were conducted on the model. In the solid debris experiment, scaled down debris was used for testing based on the scale ratio of the full prototype to the scale model. It was found that the GPT had an average debris trapping efficiency of 86.6%. In addition, the GPT showed an efficiency of 74.5% for trapping coarse sediments. These results indicated that the purpose designed GPT can be used to trap gross pollutants efficiently from stormwater with a similar performance expected for a full-scale prototype. Its efficiency was considered high based on previous studies. This study was able to demonstrate that a purpose designed GPT to suit local conditions could safeguard the environment through preventing gross pollutants from entering rivers which reduces pollution and potential for flash floods.
Hibiscus sabdariffa as Coagulant to Treat Laundry Wastewater
Authors: Ng W J , Ismail N , Yoon L W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Laundry wastewater is a major contributor to the global annual wastewater output, highlighting the importance of reusing larger volumes of the wastewater as a valuable water resource. Among the conventional wastewater, coagulation process displays promising results in treating laundry wastewater. However, studies show that the conventional chemical coagulant such as alum has been associated with health concerns. To address these drawbacks, a more environmentally friendly alternative such as natural coagulant is being explored such as Hibiscus sabdariffa due to it seed contain high protein content. This present study aims to characterize Hibiscus sabdariffa seeds and determine the optimal conditions for effectively treating laundry wastewater using Hibiscus sabdariffa as a natural coagulant. Additionally, the study compared the effectiveness of natural and chemical coagulants in this application. The studies parameter ranges include pH (2 –11) and dosages (50 – 500 mg/L). Water quality parameters such as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and turbidity will be used to evaluate the coagulation performance. The jar test experiment was carried out and found out that natural coagulant performed best at a pH of 2 and a dosage of 100 mg/L, resulting in COD, turbidity, and TSS removal efficiencies of 32.59%, 77.98%, and 86.51% respectively, with final treated ef luent levels of 212 mg/L for COD, 11.25 NTU for turbidity, and 17 mg/L for TSS, meeting the requirements of Standard B discharge except for the COD and pH. In comparison, the alum chemical coagulant demonstrated better performance, achieving 57.96% COD removal, 95.24% turbidity removal, and over 95% TSS removal. This study successfully showed that the Hibiscus sabdariffa is capable of treating laundry wastewater, showcasing comparable performance to the chemical coagulant in removing turbidity and TSS.
To Simulate the Air Flow and Temperature Distribution for a Data Centre
Authors: Jilian Bong Russell Evangelino , Sivasankaran Praveena Nair , Muniandy Nagentrau , Jayatilleke Benedict , Kanesavathanan  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The building of data centres has risen sharply around the world because of the quick technological advances in fields including the internet, mobile internet, cloud computing, and big data applications. But the problems that this expansion has brought about in terms of the environment and energy are becoming more and more of a worry. The term “data centre” gained popularity in the 1990s as IT operations expanded, and affordable networking equipment became widely available. The study aims to optimize air distribution, improve energy efficiency, and address challenges in achieving optimal airflow for HVAC systems in data centres, especially small ones. The project is conducted numerically using ANSYS Fluent CFD solver. The results from the experimental simulations are compared to industrial simulation data from the Perunding Shanu Sdn. Bhd., both qualitatively and quantitatively. From the experimental simulation and industrial simulation data, the temperature and airflow performances are very comparable. There was a good agreement between the experimental simulation and industrial simulation results. Three different iterations were tested in this paper, 500, 1000, and lastly using the longest test duration at 2000 iterations. However, the case with the longest test duration at 2000 iterations caused instability in the simulation. With 500 and 1000 iterations producing an average temperature range of 20°C (293 K) to 23°C (296 K), which is in line with projected values, the experiment effectively achieved its goals. But when the iterations were increased to 2000, instability developed, and room temperatures rose to about 32°C (305 K). By the time the simulation was run, there was a reversed flow occurring. Despite being higher than usual, this temperature is still within a range that is suitable for human activities. Interestingly, even though the heat source temperature was only 100°C, the simulation showed a high temperature of 199°C (472 K) after 2000 iterations. This value depicts the worst-case situation in a data centre setting, when substantial heat is created; average server operation temperatures are anticipated to be lower. Results from the experimental simulation showed that having the current Precision Air Conditioner unit specification (30 kW, at 5000 CFM and 18°C) is overcooling the room. Hence, the PAC unit specification could be reduced to a more suitable and environmentally friendly one.
Building Energy Modelling for Energy-Efficient Retrofitting as Catalyst for Low Carbon Building
Authors: Loong Ling Jer , Muniandy Nagentrau , Leng Choo Hui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Greenhouse gases is a major contributor to escalating global climate change. Even with the rapid progress of technology, outdated systems and methods continue to exist. This research focuses on employing Building Energy Modelling (BEM), particularly the BEopt software, to enhance energy efficiency via building retrofitting, thereby addressing the pressing problem of greenhouse gas emissions and ultimately achieving low carbon building in Malaysia. The research aims to optimize residential building energy consumption by identifying effective retrofitting strategies and cost-efficient scenarios. In the initial stage, research was conducted on BEM to understand its capabilities in retrofitting residential buildings for energy efficiency. Extensive research on residential buildings in Malaysia helped identify essential parameters for inclusion. Moving on, this research is based on a real existing terrace house in Malaysia. Therefore, collecting accurate data from the house owner was crucial as it may directly affect the simulated results later. After entering the data, the BEopt software generates a baseline electricity output result, which are then compared to the actual electricity bill from the homeowner, showing a difference of just 4.33%. Moving on, 8 different parameters were selected for optimization as they were more feasible in Malaysia compared to others. After the simulations, all eight cases’ results indicated reduction in annual kWh consumption.
Assessment of the suitability and durability of a recycled polymer product as a building component
Authors: Markovičová L , Zatkalíková V , Chobot P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of this work is to assess the influence of natural environmental conditions (temperature, time, humidity, microorganisms, UV radiation) on the modification of the properties of polypropylene composites. The study evaluates the suitability and durability of recycled polymer products by investigating changes in tensile strength, hardness and fire performance under natural ageing conditions. Recycled polymers offer environmental benefits, but their longterm properties require careful assessment for practical applications. Samples were exposed to natural weathering for a specified period and mechanical properties were measured periodically. Tensile strength was evaluated to determine structural integrity, hardness to assess surface durability and fire properties to ensure compliance with safety regulations. The results showed an initial slight increase in tensile strength and hardness. With increasing length of exposure, the composite started to degrade gradually which was reflected by a decrease in the monitored parameters. The fire resistance proved to be insufficient as the composite exhibited poor fire safety in both horizontal and vertical directions, but this can be improved by the addition of fire retardants. The study concluded that although recycled polymers show promising durability, specific formulations may require improvements to maintain mechanical properties over time.