bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic implications of the anatomical study of the Amburaneae clade (Fabaceae: Faboideae)
Authors: Silvério Pena Bento João Pedro , Scremin-Dias Edna , Alves Flávio Macedo , Mansano Vidal De Freitas , Sartori Ângela Lúcia Bagnatori 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses of early-diverging Faboideae have indicated that genera previously positioned in distinct tribes are instead closely related, e.g. in the Amburaneae clade, and the relatively recent rearrangements of many genera into clades has hampered the identification of morphological synapomorphies for previously unrecognized clades. Our aims are to evaluate anatomical vegetative characters of leaflets attached to reproductive features in the Amburaneae clade, to identify new synapomorphies for the clade and subclades, to identify characters supporting intergeneric relationships and diagnostic characters for the genus and species and to provide information about the morphology and histochemistry of secretory structures. The study was based on the anatomy of the leaflet of 19 species of the Amburaneae clade. Papillae cells, the presence of vascular system units and hypodermis are shared features of Amburaneae. Anatomical characters of the leaflet can be diagnostic at the generic and specific levels in Amburaneae. Secretory structures found in the clade are secretory cavities, secretory channels, idioblasts, mucilaginous epidermal cells and glandular trichomes. The broader concept of Amburaneae is reinforced here by morphological and molecular data, with the identification of new synapomorphies. Our dataset supports the intergeneric relationships resolved by molecular data.
Prognostic Value of Novel Liquid Biomarkers in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with Enzalutamide: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Benoist Guillemette E , van Oort Inge M , Boerrigter Emmy , Verhaegh Gerald W , van Hooij Onno , Groen Levi , Smit Frank , de Mol Pieter , Hamberg Paul , Dezentjé Vincent O , Mehra Niven , Gerritsen Winald , Somford Diederik M , van Erp Nielka P H , Schalken Jack A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral treatment options were recently added for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, response to therapy is variable, and biomarkers that can guide treatment selection and response evaluation are lacking. Circulating RNAs are a promising source of biomarkers. We explored messenger RNAs (mRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential biomarkers in liquid biopsies of patients with mCRPC treated with enzalutamide.MethodsForty patients were included in this prospective multicenter observational study. Whole blood was drawn at baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after start of therapy. Four mRNAs, 6 miRNAs, and 5 lncRNAs were analyzed by quantitative PCR. RNA levels in 30 healthy individuals were used as controls. RNA expression data were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses, and the primary end point was progression-free survival. Clinical factors were included in the multivariable Cox regression analysis.ResultsLevels of 2 miRNAs, miR-375 and miR-3687, and 1 lncRNA, N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase like 2 antisense RNA 2 (NAALADL2-AS2), were more than 2-fold higher in patients with mCRPC compared with healthy volunteers. Patients with higher levels of miR-375 or miR-3687 showed a shorter time to progression. Patients with higher levels of NAALADL2-AS2 showed a longer time to progression. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, higher miR-375, miR-3687 and serum prostate-specific antigen concentrations were shown to be independent predictors for shorter time to progression.ConclusionsWe identified miR-3687 as a novel prognostic marker for response in patients with CRPC treated with enzalutamide, and we confirmed the prognostic value of miR-375.
Plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide can be increased with ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ diets and do not correlate with the extent of atherosclerosis but with plaque instability
Authors: Koay Yen Chin , Chen Yung-Chih , Wali Jibran A , Luk Alison W S , Li Mengbo , Doma Hemavarni , Reimark Rosa , Zaldivia Maria T K , Habtom Habteab T , Franks Ashley E , Fusco-Allison Gabrielle , Yang Jean , Holmes Andrew , Simpson Stephen J , Peter Karlheinz , O’Sullivan John F 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has attracted major interest and controversy both as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in atherothrombosis.Methods and resultsPlasma TMAO increased in mice on ‘unhealthy’ high-choline diets and notably also on ‘healthy’ high-fibre diets. Interestingly, TMAO was found to be generated by direct oxidation in the gut in addition to oxidation by hepatic flavin-monooxygenases. Unexpectedly, two well-accepted mouse models of atherosclerosis, ApoE−/− and Ldlr−/− mice, which reflect the development of stable atherosclerosis, showed no association of TMAO with the extent of atherosclerosis. This finding was validated in the Framingham Heart Study showing no correlation between plasma TMAO and coronary artery calcium score or carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as measures of atherosclerosis in human subjects. However, in the tandem-stenosis mouse model, which reflects plaque instability as typically seen in patients, TMAO levels correlated with several characteristics of plaque instability, such as markers of inflammation, platelet activation, and intraplaque haemorrhage.ConclusionsDietary-induced changes in the microbiome, of both ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ diets, can cause an increase in the plasma level of TMAO. The gut itself is a site of significant oxidative production of TMAO. Most importantly, our findings reconcile contradictory data on TMAO. There was no direct association of plasma TMAO and the extent of atherosclerosis, both in mice and humans. However, using a mouse model of plaque instability we demonstrated an association of TMAO plasma levels with atherosclerotic plaque instability. The latter confirms TMAO as being a marker of cardiovascular risk.
Short-Term Mental Health Sequelae of Bereavement Predict Long-Term Physical Health Decline in Older Adults: U.S. Health and Retirement Study Analysis
Authors: Domingue Benjamin W , Duncan Laramie , Harrati Amal , Belsky Daniel W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Spousal death is a common late-life event with health-related sequelae. Evidence linking poor mental health to disease suggests the hypothesis that poor mental health following death of a spouse could be a harbinger of physical health decline. Thus, identification of bereavement-related mental health symptoms could provide an opportunity for prevention.

Methods
We analyzed data from N = 39,162 individuals followed from 1994 to 2016 in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study; N = 5,061 were widowed during follow-up. We tested change in mental and physical health from prebereavement through the 5 years following spousal death.

Results
Bereaved spouses experienced an increase in depressive symptoms following their spouses’ deaths but the depressive shock attenuated within 1 year. Bereaved spouses experienced increases in disability, chronic-disease morbidity, and hospitalization, which grew in magnitude over time, especially among older respondents. Bereaved spouses were at increased risk of death compared to nonbereaved respondents. The magnitude of depressive symptoms in the immediate aftermath of spousal death predicted physical-health decline and mortality risk over 5 years of follow-up.

Discussion
Bereavement-related depressive symptoms indicate a risk for physical health decline and death in older adults. Screening for depressive symptoms in bereaved older adults may represent an opportunity for intervention to preserve healthy life span.
Quality Concerns in Nursing Homes That Serve Large Proportions of Residents With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Jester Dylan J , Hyer Kathryn , Bowblis John R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Nursing homes (NHs) are serving greater proportions of residents with serious mental illness (SMI), and it is unclear whether this affects NH quality. We analyze the highest and lowest quartiles of NHs based on the proportion of residents with SMI and compare these NHs on facility characteristics, staffing, and quality stars.

Research Design and Methods
National Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports data were merged with NH Compare data for all freestanding certified NHs in the continental United States in 2016 (N = 14,460). NHs were categorized into “low-SMI” and “high-SMI” facilities using the lowest and highest quartiles, respectively, of the proportion of residents in the NH with SMI. Bivariate analyses and logistic models were used to examine differences in organizational structure, payer mix, resident characteristics, and staffing levels associated with high-SMI NHs. Linear models examined differences in quality stars.

Results
High-SMI facilities were found to report lower direct-care staffing hours, have a greater Medicaid-paying resident census, were more likely to be for-profit, and scored lower on all NH Compare star ratings in comparison to all other NHs.

Discussion and Implications
As the SMI population in NHs continues to grow, a large number of residents have concentrated in a few NHs. These are uniquely different from typical NHs in terms of facility characteristics, staffing, and care practices. While further research is needed to understand the implications of these trends, public policymakers and NH providers need to be aware of this population’s unique—and potentially unmet—needs.
Determining dislocation love number of vertical displacement using GPS observations: case study of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw 9.0)
Authors: Yang Junyan , Sun Wenke 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYThe concept of determining the dislocation Love numbers using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) data and calculating the corresponding Green's functions is presented in this paper. As a case study, we derive the dislocation Love number h of vertical displacement by combining 1232 onshore GPS data and 7 GPS-Acoustic data with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Mw 9.0). Three fault-slip distributions are used to compare and verify the theory and results. As the GPS stations are only located in Japan Island and along the Japan trench, we use the theoretical vertical displacements of a spherically layered Earth structure to constrain the low-order signal. The L-curve and an a priori preliminary reference skill are applied in the inversion method. Then, the GPS-observed vertical displacement changes are used to invert for the vertical displacement dislocation Love numbers h based on three different fault-slip models. Our results indicate that the estimated dislocation Love numbers $h$ fluctuate significantly from the earth model (i.e. the preliminary reference earth model), especially for the $h_{n1}^{32}$ component, and these changes in $h_{n2}^{12}$ and $h_{n0}^{33} - h_{n0}^{22}$ are relatively small. The vertical displacements derived from the inversion results agree well with the GPS vertical observations. The inverted dislocation Love numbers are considered to profile the regional structure which differs from the mean 1-D heterogeneous structure of the Earth, and the corresponding Green's functions of four independent dislocation sources describe a more reasonable seismic deformation field.
Downward remagnetization of a ∼74-m-thick zone in lake sediments from palaeo-Lake Idaho (NW United States)—Locating the Gauss/Matuyama geomagnetic boundary within a dual-polarity zone
Authors: Allstädt Frederik J , Appel Erwin , Rösler Wolfgang , Prokopenko Alexander A , Neumann Udo , Wenzel Thomas , Pross Jörg 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARY
Remagnetization is an important issue in palaeomagnetism. Here, we discuss an extraordinarily thick (∼74 m) dual-polarity transition zone between the Gauss and Matuyama Chrons. The studied succession is from a drill core through lacustrine sediments of palaeo-Lake Idaho (Snake River Plain, NW United States of America) that are intercalated with basalt units. We identified detrital Ti-rich titanomagnetite and magnetite in lamellar exsolutions as the main carriers of a primary remanence, likely derived from the basalts that erupted in the Snake River Plain. Stepwise thermal demagnetization revealed a single-component remanent magnetization with reversed and normal polarities above and below the transition zone, respectively. Based on rock-magnetic results, microscopic observations, and previously known events in the evolution of palaeo-Lake Idaho, the reversed-polarity component in the transition zone represents a secondary chemical remanent magnetization caused by magnetic mineral alteration or partial neo-formation of magnetite, in association with strong depletion of the primary detrital magnetic minerals that affected a wide depth range below the level where the remagnetization event occurred. This remagnetization event was most likely related to lake-level lowering and partial desiccation of palaeo-Lake Idaho. Understanding the nature and origin of the remagnetization allows to identify the polarity boundary in the unusual case of a secondary magnetization with reversed polarity produced downward in a sequence to an extraordinary large depth. Based on available age information, the observed reversal represents the Gauss/Matuyama boundary, which provides an important age constraint for palaeoclimatic interpretation of the succession.
Otx2b mutant zebrafish have pituitary, eye and mandible defects that model mammalian disease
Authors: Bando Hironori , Gergics Peter , Bohnsack Brenda L , Toolan Kevin P , Richter Catherine E , Shavit Jordan A , Camper Sally A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCombined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mutations in over 30 genes. The loss-of-function mutations in many of these genes, including orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2), can present with a broad range of clinical symptoms, which provides a challenge for predicting phenotype from genotype. Another challenge in human genetics is functional evaluation of rare genetic variants that are predicted to be deleterious. Zebrafish are an excellent vertebrate model for evaluating gene function and disease pathogenesis, especially because large numbers of progeny can be obtained, overcoming the challenge of individual variation. To clarify the utility of zebrafish for the analysis of CPHD-related genes, we analyzed the effect of OTX2 loss of function in zebrafish. The otx2b gene is expressed in the developing hypothalamus, and otx2bhu3625/hu3625 fish exhibit multiple defects in the development of head structures and are not viable past 10 days post fertilization (dpf). Otx2bhu3625/hu3625 fish have a small hypothalamus and low expression of pituitary growth hormone and prolactin (prl). The gills of otx2bhu3625/hu3625 fish have weak sodium influx, consistent with the role of prolactin in osmoregulation. The otx2bhu3625/hu3625 eyes are microphthalmic with colobomas, which may underlie the inability of the mutant fish to find food. The small pituitary and eyes are associated with reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis evident at 3 and 5 dpf, respectively. These observations establish the zebrafish as a useful tool for the analysis of CPHD genes with variable and complex phenotypes.
Secondary Traumatic Stress and Related Factors in Australian Social Workers and Psychologists
Authors: Rayner Samantha , Davis Cindy , Moore Matthew , Cadet Tamara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Secondary traumatic stress (STS) is an indirect form of trauma affecting the psychological well-being of mental health workers. This study examined STS and related factors of empathetic behavior and trauma caseload among a purposive sample of 190 social workers and psychologists. Participants completed an online questionnaire comprising demographics, the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, and the Empathy Scale for Social Workers. A moderated moderation model was used to evaluate the hypothesized relationship between the amount of trauma in clinician caseload and STS, as moderated by empathy and personal trauma history. Approximately 30 percent of participants met the criteria for a diagnosis of STS. Results indicated that although caseload trauma was not an independent predictor of STS, there was a significant interaction between caseload trauma and personal trauma history on STS. Similarly, empathy alone was not directly related to changes in STS, yet the trauma in caseload effect on STS was moderated by empathy, and that relationship was moderated by personal trauma history. This overall effect was shown to significantly predict STS. The current study highlights the importance of developing evidence-based risk strategies for mental health workers working in the area of trauma and at risk of developing symptoms of STS.
Controllability results of fractional integro-differential equation with non-instantaneous impulses on time scales
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Malik Muslim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the controllability results of a fractional integro-differential equation with non-instantaneous impulses on time scales. Banach contraction theorem and the non-linear functional analysis have been used to establish these results. In support, a numerical example with simulation for different time scales is given to validate the obtained analytical outcomes.
Influence of Landscape Factors and Abiotic Conditions on Dispersal Behavior and Overwintering Site Selection by Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Cullum John P , Nixon Laura J , Morrison William R , Raupp Michael J , Shrewsbury Paula M , Venugopal P Dilip , Martinson Holly , Bergh J Christopher , Leskey Tracy C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since the initial detection of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in the United States in the late 1990s, this insect has emerged as a severe agricultural and nuisance pest. Nuisance problems are due to adult dispersal to overwintering sites in the fall at which time they alight onto and eventually settle within human-made structures in addition to natural harborage. This study examined how three factors, elevation, light, and moisture affected overwintering site selection by H. halys in the mid-Atlantic. Observational counts performed along elevational transects revealed elevation was significant predictor of H. halys abundance during both years of the study in 2014 and 2015 with more adults observed at higher elevations. Choice tests examining effects of moisture and light on settling behavior demonstrated H. halys settled within overwintering shelter boxes in significantly greater numbers when shelters were dry compared with those having moist conditions, and in darkened shelters compared with those augmented with LED lights. Our findings indicate that H. halys use cues at both landscape and very localized levels when seeking and selecting overwintering sites.
Sampling Considerations for Adult and Immature Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: McDermott E G , Lysyk T J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDeveloping sampling programs for Culicoides can be challenging due to variation in ecology and behavior of the numerous species as well as their broad distributions and habitats. In this paper, we emphasize the need to clearly define research goals to select appropriate sampling methods. This includes not just the choice of sampling device, but also choice of attractant, site, number of traps per site, the duration and frequency of sampling, and the number of traps per unit area. Animal-baited trapping using enclosure traps and direct animal aspiration is more labor-intensive but yields information on species attracted to specific hosts as well as their biting rates. Sampling immatures is discussed with respect to choosing collection sites in semiaquatic mud, soil, and rich organic habitats. Sorting and extracting larvae using emergence traps, flotation, and Berlese funnels is also discussed.
Genetic signature of disease epizootic and reintroduction history in an endangered carnivore
Authors: Phillips Payton , Livieri Travis M , Swanson Bradley J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases have recently increased in wildlife and can result in population declines and the loss of genetic diversity in susceptible populations. As populations of impacted species decline, genetic diversity can be lost, with ramifications including reduced effective population size and increased population structuring. For species of conservation concern, which may already have low genetic diversity, the loss of genetic diversity can be especially important. To investigate the impacts of a novel pathogen on genetic diversity in a genetically depauperate endangered species, we assessed the ramifications of a sylvatic plague-induced bottleneck in black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). Following a plague epizootic, we genotyped 184 ferrets from Conata Basin and Badlands National Park, South Dakota, at seven microsatellite loci. We compared our results to pre-plague studies in the same population. We observed population substructuring into three genetic clusters. These clusters reflect founder effects from ferret reintroduction events followed by genetic drift. Compared to the pre-plague population, we observed losses of allelic diversity in all clusters, as well as significantly reduced heterozygosity in one cluster. These results indicate that disease epizootics may reduce population size and also genetic diversity. Our results suggest the importance of early and sustained management in mitigating disease epizootics in naïve populations for the maintenance of genetic diversity.
Arabidopsis RAD23B regulates pollen development by mediating degradation of KRP1
Authors: Li Lan , Li Bin , Xie Chong , Zhang Teng , Borassi Cecilia , Estevez José M , Li Xiushan , Liu Xuanming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ubiquitin (Ub)/26S proteasome system (UPS) plays a key role in plant growth, development, and survival by directing the turnover of numerous regulatory proteins. In the UPS, the ubiquitin-like (UBL) and ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains function as hubs for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Radiation sensitive 23 (RAD23), which has been identified as a UBL/UBA protein, contributes to the progression of the cell cycle, stress responses, ER proteolysis, and DNA repair. Here, we report that pollen development is arrested at the microspore stage in a rad23b null mutant. We demonstrate that RAD23B can directly interact with KIP-related protein 1 (KRP1) through its UBL-UBA domains. In addition, plants overexpressing KRP1 have defects in pollen development, which is a phenotype similar to the rad23b mutant. RAD23B promotes the degradation of KRP1 in vivo, which is accumulated following treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Our results indicate that RAD23B plays an important in pollen development by controlling the turnover of the key cell cycle protein, KRP1.