bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The married middle working class turned out to be the most financially fragile group when facing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China cities
Authors: Zhang Peize , Xu Guanghui , Song Yanhua , Tan Jie , Chen Tao , Deng Guofang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and the threat it poses to public health, and the consequential cost involved in its treatment, constant effort has been put on evaluating and improving patient care to avoid treatment interference due to impoverishment of the household.OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze socioeconomic burdens and other difficulties MDR-TB patients in cities are facing to identify major obstacles and which group of patients are most affected.METHODS Face-to-face and phone-call interviews were conducted in early 2018 to follow up with patients newly diagnosed with MDR-TB in 2017 in three tuberculosis clinics in China. Demographic data and information on their medical care, insurance coverage, medical expenses were collected and analyzed.RESULTS A total of 144 newly-diagnosed MDR-TB cases were reviewed during the study period, among them 38 lost follow-up and 29 patients refused to participate. Eventually, 77 patients with MDR-TB were included in this study. 61 of these patients were hospitalized after MDR-TB diagnosis with an average hospital stay of 14.45 days, of them 57 were sputum positive on diagnosis. Ratio of home-discharged patients failing community care and returned to work were 48% and 8% for married and single persons ( p = 0.001). In terms of insurance coverage, proportion of patients went back to work were 23% with no insurance and/or NRCMS and 45% with UEBMI / URBMI and commercial insurance. Significant difference was shown between these two insurance coverage groups (χ 2 = 5.059, p = 0.033). Difficulties patients encountered were financial pressure (33%), psychological stress (26%), adverse drug reactions (23%), repulsive reaction to injections (17%). 48% of the patients spent over CNY2,000 (USD300) per month on TB treatment.CONCLUSION The married “middle working class” were found to be the most vulnerable group being affected financially. They have the highest tendency to fail community care schedule despite treatment status. It is of utmost urgency to enhance the current medical policy to cater for this group and improve treatment adherence.
Heme induces autophagic cell death via ER stress in neuron
Authors: Yang Zhao , Huang ZhongYan , Tang Bing , Zhang Nan , Ji Na 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is serious medical problem and the effective treatment is limited. Hemorrhaged blood is highly toxic to the brain, and heme mainly released from hemoglobin plays a vital role in neurotoxicity. However, the specific mechanism involved in heme mediated neurotoxicity has not been well studied.Methods In this study, we investigated the neurotoxicity of heme in neurons. Neurons were administrated with heme, and the cell death, autophagy and ER stress were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in heme-induced cell death and the downstream effects were also detected.Results We showed that heme induced cell death and autophagy in neurons. The suppression of autophagy using either pharmacologic inhibitors (3-methyladenine) or RNA interference in essential autophagy genes (BECN1 and ATG5) decreased the cell death induced by heme in neurons. Moreover, ER stress activator thapsigargin increased the cell autophagy and cell death ratio following heme treatment. Autophagy promotes cell apoptosis and cell death induced by heme through BECN1/ ATG5 pathway.Conclusions Our findings suggest that heme potentiates neuron autophagy via ER stress, in turn inducing cell death via BECN1/ATG5 pathway. Targeting ER stress mediated autophagy might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ICH.
A Preliminary Study of Personalized Head CT Examination in Pediatric
Authors: Bian BingYang , Zhou BoXu , Wang Gang , Zhou QingChen , Xu ShuJia , Li Dan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Same head CT examination protocol was employed for pediatric patients who’s skull sizes are different , this could be excessive radiation doses because they usually have smaller head circumference. In our study, we investigate if mAs according to head circumference(HC) reduce radiation doses of sensitive organs including brain, eye lens and salivary glands, but could keep the image quality. Methods: 83 pediatric patients were prospectively selected. Without limiting the head circumference, 15 pediatrics were selected as conventional group by random number method and received routine head CT examination protocol (250mAs). Low-dose group including remaining 68 patients were divided into 3 subgroups based on HC: 54.1-57.0cm for group A(200mAs), 51.1-54.0cm for group B(150mAs), 48.1-51.0cm for group C(100mAs). The Image quality was assessed by subjective and objective image score. Radimetrics was used to calculate radiation doses of sensitive- organs. Results: In the conventional group, pediatric patients with smaller head circumference receive higher radiation doses of sensitive-organs. Radiation doses of brain and salivary glands were negatively correlated with HC. The radiation dose of sensitive-organs in 3 low-dose subgroups were significantly lower than conventional group. The subjective image quality scores in group A and B was no statistical different than conventional group. The SNR of thalamus and centrum ovale in low-dose subgroups were no statistical differences compared with conventional group. Conclusions: Our research indicates that personalized brain CT examination in pediatrics can reduce the radiation doses of sensitive-organs but keep image quality. HC can serve as an effective index to guide personalized head CT scan.
Hypernatremia predicts poor survival in patients with terminal cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seo Minseok , Hwang In Cheol , Jung Jaehun , Lee Hwanhee , Choi Jae Hee , Shim Jae-Yong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Although palliative care providers, patients, and their familes rely heavily on accurate prognostication, the prognostic value of electrolyte imbalance has received little attention.Methods: As a retrospective review, we screened inpatients with terminal cancer admitted between January 2017 and May 2019 to one hospice-palliative care unit. Clinical characteristics and laboratory results were obtained from medical records for multivariable Cox regression analysis of independant prognostic factors.Results: Of the 487 patients who qualified, 15 (3%) were hypernatremic upon admission. Median survival time was 26 days. Parameters associated with shortened survival included male sex, advanced age (> 70 years), lung cancer, poor performance status, elevated inflammatory markers, azotemia, impaired liver function, and hypernatermia. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, male sex (hazard ratio [HR]=1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–2.04), poor performance status (HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.09–1.94), leukocytosis (HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.47–2.66), hypoalbuminemia (HR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.49–2.73) and hypernatremia (HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.18–2.03) emerged as significant predictors of poor prognosis.Conclusion: Hypernatremia may be a useful gauge of prognosis in patients with terminal cancer. Further corroborative studies of large scale and prospective design are needed.
Levosimendan improves brain tissue oxygen levels after cardiopulmonary resuscitation independent of cardiac function and cerebral perfusion
Authors: García-Bardon Andreas , Kamuf Jens , Ziebart Alexander , Liu Tanghua , Krebs Nadia , Dünges Bastian , Kelm Robert F. , Morsbach Svenja , Mohr Kristin , Heimann Axel , Hartmann Erik K. , Thal Serge C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Prompt reperfusion is essential to rescue ischemic tissue, but in itself represents a key pathomechanism contributing to poor outcome after cardiac arrest. Experimental data suggest levosimendan as a therapeutic drug to limit ischemia-reperfusion injury by improving cerebral microcirculation and thereby reducing neuronal injury. However, recent studies question its effect on cardiac output and cerebral microcirculation in normally pumping hearts. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of levosimendan on hemodynamic parameters, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral oxygenation after cardiac arrest and resuscitation.Methods: Ventricular fibrillation was induced in anesthetized juvenile male pigs for 7 min, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) animals were randomly assigned to levosimendan (12µg/kg, followed by 0.3µg/kg/min) or vehicle (normal saline) treatment for 6 hours. Cerebral oxygen saturation and brain tissue oxygen levels were determined with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and fluorescence quenching tissue PbtO 2 probes. Cerebral and kidney perfusion were quantified by fluorescent-labeled microspheres and laser-doppler flowmetry. Results: Compared to vehicle, levosimendan treated animals showed significantly higher brain tissue oxygen levels after ROSC. This effect was not accompanied by changes in cardiac output, cardiac preload and afterload, arterial blood pressure, nor cerebral microcirculation, indicating a local levosimendan-mediated effect in the brain.Conclusions: Cerebral oxygenation is key to minimizing neurological damage during and after cardiac arrest. Therefore, current concepts aim at improving impaired cardiac output or cerebral perfusion pressure. In the present study we provide evidence that NIRS fails to reliably detect low brain tissue oxygen levels and that levosimendan improves brain oxygen content. Levosimendan may therefore present a promising therapeutic approach to rescue brain tissue at risk in patients after cardiac arrest or other causes of cerebral ischemia or malperfusion such as stroke or traumatic brain injury.
Biodegradation of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol by Cupriavidus sp. DT-1 in liquid and soil enviroments
Authors: Lu Peng , Liu Ai-min , Liu Hong-ming , Wang Jian-zhong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The bactrial strain Cupriavidus sp. DT-1 can degrade 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) and transform it into 2-hydroxypyridine (2-HP). This is a unique degradation pathway of TCP but incomplete. In the present study, strain DT-1 could degrade 2-HP at a high concentration 500 mg/L and use it as sole carbon source for growth. Three metabolites (nicotine blue, maleamic acid and fumaric acid) were detected in the medium and the complete degradation pathway of TCP was derived. Inoculation of TCP-contaminated soils with strain DT-1 resulted in a degradation rate 94.4% and 86.7% as compared to 20.4% and 28.4% in uninoculated soils, respectively. Fluorescent marker gene gfp was introduced into strain DT-1 and a new strain DT-1- gfp was created, viability test showed the strain could survive well in soils for more than 35 d. This finding suggests that strain DT-1 has potential for use in bioremediation of TCP-contaminated environments.
New directions of cooperation interlinks development of the network structures within the macroregion
Authors: Glumov A. A. 
Published: December 2019

The relevance of a research of network structures communications is obvious for industrial development providing. In the article the author defines the definitions answering to relevant realities of new industrialization and also carries out the analysis of current state of cooperation communications in the territory of Ural economic region, formulating conclusions about their practical importance. New activity of the regional governments is supposed to be the association of efforts to promote the products to foreign markets. The concept of the network region is for the first time formulated.
Role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Associated Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Dysfunction in Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Mao Shan , Luo Xianghong , Li Yu , He Chaorong , Huang Fuhua , Su Cunhua 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a stress-induced cardiomyopathy, but the
accurate cause of this syndrome is still unknown.

Methods:
β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO) is used to establish the TTS rats model. TTS
rats were treated with or without LY294002 or Rapamycin. The rat cardiomyoblast cell line H9C2
was subjected to infect with constitutively active Akt (myr-Akt) or dominant-negative mutant Akt
(dn-Akt) and then, treated with ISO. Cell apoptosis was assessed using the Bax/ Bcl-2 ratio. In addition,
reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using dihydroethidium (DHE). Mitochondrial
superoxide generation and membrane potential were assayed by MitoSOX and JC-1
fluorescence intensity.

Results:
ISO might induce the erratic acute cardiac dysfunction and overexpression of
PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Moreover, it also increased the oxidative stress and apoptosis in TTS rats. The
Akt inhibitor significantly reversed the cardiac injury effect, which triggered by ISO treatment. In
H9C2 cells, the inhibition of Akt provides a protective role against ISO-induced injury by reducing
oxidative stress, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Conclusion:
This study provided new insight into the protective effects of myocardial dysfunction
in TTS rats via chronic inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR expression, which could reduce mitochondrial
ROS and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor could be a
therapeutic target to treat cardiovascular dysfunction induced by stress cardiomyopathy.
Investigation of Antituberculosis from Medicinal Plant of Community Ethnic in South Sulawesi
Authors: Rante Herlina , Alam Gemini , Sartini  , Permana Andi Dian , Usmar  , Burhamzah Rahmita , Ali Alimuddin , Budiarti Mery 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Tuberculosis is one of the transmitted diseases that has been claimed as
one of the most serious health problems worldwide resulting in death, as reported in WHO in
Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. It has been predicted that 9 million people suffer from tuberculosis
disease and 1.5 - 2 million deaths occur by this disease.

Objective:
The aim of this research is to know the species of plant used as anti-hematemesis
medicine that has the activity of antituberculosis and antituberculosis-MDR and then investigate
the phytochemistry characteristics of the compound from every parts of the plant extract that show
the activity of antituberculosis and antituberculosis-MDR which is indicated by the value of
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts.

Methods:
The extraction method used in this research was the maceration method. The antituberculosis
activity test was investigated using MODS and LJ media methods. The isolation of the active
compound was carried out using Bioassay Guided Fractionation and then the compound characteristics
were identified using spectroscopy data.

Results:
The results showed that extracts from Talas (Collocasia esculenta tuber) and Kariango
(Acorus calamus rhizome) plants were active against M. tuberculosis. The FTIR spectroscopy data
showed that three isolates obtained from Talas plants contained aliphatic OH and C-O and CH
groups. The MIC values of kariango and Talas extracts using the MODS method were 45 mg/ml
and 40 mg/ml, respectively.

Conclusion:
Talas (Collocasia esculenta) tuber and Kariango rhizome ethanolic extract have a
potency for antituberculosis and anti-MDR tuberculosis drugs.
Biometric Cryptosystems: Towards a Light and Precise Remote Authentication
Authors: Bentahar Atef , Meraoumia Abdallah , Bendjenna Hakim , Chitroub Salim , Zeroual Abdelhakim 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Remote authentication in current networks such as IoT that connects many end-devices of low capacity must be light, accurate and scalable without threaten security. In general, biometrics is the most reliable way to authenticate users because of its efficient results in many applications.

Objective:
The biometric data is expressed by a feature vector that should be extracted and secured by reliable techniques. This paper proposes a suitable extraction and encryption scheme in the aim to make the authentication light, accurate, scalable and secure.

Method:
As extraction technique, principle component analysis with a nonlinear block average quantization is used to reduce the feature vector length in the aim to increase the rapidity and the scalability. As encryption technique, the fuzzy commitment and the fuzzy vault with Hamming and Reed-Solomon codes are used in to increase security. These cryptosystems are tested with multi-biometric modalities to make the validation more credible.

Results:
Experimental results are analyzed, validated and compared to other works according to
several conventional and new recognition rates. Analysis is also done in terms of computation time
to validate the lightness of our findings. It is shown that the proposed scheme finds a compromise
between the coveted features.

Conclusion:
Our biometric cryptosystems ensure a secure, light, precise and scalable remote authentication. These properties can be achieved by using PCA technique with nonlinear coefficient quantization and fuzzy schemes with the appropriate correcting-code.
Multisensory Decision Level Fusion for Improvement in Urban Land Classification
Authors: Vohra Rubeena , Tiwari Kailash C. 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Planning and development of urban areas to meet the human developmental
requirements is an ongoing process across the globe. This, in turn, requires continuous
mapping of urban developmental patterns. Remote sensing and image processing techniques have
greatly facilitated the study of urban developmental patterns by mapping urban areas.

Objectives:
The objective of the paper is to carry out the object based classification in urban environments
by using fusion techniques on multisensory data to classify natural and man-made objects.
Multisensory data fusion using spectral and spatial features is done to improve the classification
accuracy.

Methods:
In our research, the performance of the proposed framework has been verified via investigating
the multistage feature level fusion. Spatial and spectral features are explored using feature
level fusion between multisensory data and then the database is classified using linear SVM classifier.
The individual probabilities (confidence measures) from all such pair of binary SVMs are
combined to uniquely represent the object feature to one of the classes. After summing up all the
probabilities the class with highest probability value represent the object through decision level fusion.

Results:
The results explored spatial and spectral features in a unique way using connected component
analysis. Also, the improvement in classification accuracy has been achieved.

Conclusions:
The results reveal that the overall accuracies of SVM classifier are in the range of
53% to 90% for various classes which is improved to 96-98% by majority voting rule.
Local Antibacterial Implant Protection in Orthopedics and Trauma: What’s New?
Authors: Romanò C. L. , Bozhkova S. A. , Artyukh V. , Romanò D. , Tsuchiya H. , Drago L. 
Published: December 2019

Current prophylactic and hygienic measures notwithstanding, implant-related infection remains among leading reasons for failure in orthopaedics and trauma surgery, resulting in extremely high social and economic costs. Various antibacterial coating technologies have been proven safe and effective both in preclinical and in clinical settings and able to reduce post-surgical infections up to 90%, depending on the type of the coating and on the experimental setup. In spite of this findings, the widespread use of these technologies is still limited by several factors. After reviewing the latest evidence on currently available antibacterial coatings, an algorithm is proposed to calculate the impact of the delayed introduction of these technologies in the clinical practice. When applied to joint arthroplasties, our calculator shows that each year of delay to implement an antibacterial coating, able to reduce post-surgical infection by 80% at a final user’s cost price of €600, causes an estimated 35 200 new cases of periprosthetic joint infection in Europe and additional annual hospital costs of approximately €440 million. Faster and more affordable regulatory pathways for antibacterial coating technologies and an adequate reimbursement policy for their clinical use appear a feasible solution to mitigate the impact of implant-related infections and may benefit patients, healthcare systems, and related research.All patients provided written informed consent.Competing interests: the authors declare that there are no competing interests.
Valorization of Research and Scientific Innovation Results as Factor of Sustainable Development of African Agriculture: the Example of Burkina Faso
Authors: Banhoro Abdoulazize , Nana Rasmata , Ouedraogo Mahamadi Hamed , Sawadogo Mahamadou 
Published: December 2019

During the 1980s, many development partners in Africa were preoccupied by the application of research results to agricultural development. In Burkina Faso, this awareness led to set structures and mechanisms for the promotion of research results. From the synthesis of critical analyses ofthe valorization system, it appears that the valorization concept is polysemous. In addition, therehas been strong evolution in the mechanisms for promoting research results, development has also been hampered by certain shortcomings. Thus we propose, as a main track for a successful valorization policy, the creation of start-ups constituted of young professionals who possess skills that are specific and complementary. Young university-educated professionals are equipped to understand the new technologies of production and agricultural transformation. With an effective management plan the start-ups they represent could foster an effective application of research results, to improve food security and enhance the competitiveness of Burkina’s agricultural products on international markets.
KEY WORDS: VALORIZATION, POLYSEMOUS, START-UP, AGRICULTURE
Modern Breeding Approaches for durable Resistance against the parasitic Plant Striga
Authors: Runo Steven 
Published: December 2019

Crop losses caused by parasitic plants of the genus Striga pose a great danger to the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers in Africa. The parasite attaches to host crops and siphons nutrients leading to severe retardation and crop death. Controlling Striga is difficult because of the parasite’s ability to produce large amounts of seeds that can remain dormant in the soil for decades – only germinating in response to chemical cues (strigolactones) from the host. In recent years, breeding crops for host-based resistance has been prioritized. However, such programs have not taken into account Striga’s ability to overcome host resistance. As a result, introduced resistance fails because of increased Striga virulence (infection severity). This article reviews technologies for a new paradigm in Striga resistance breeding that incorporates host resistance breeding with well-informed knowledge of parasite resistance in order to ensure durability of resistance.
KEY WORDS: STRIGA, HOST BASED RESISTANCE, GENOME WIDE ASSOCIATION MAPPING, RNA SEQUENCING