bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Aromatic Ketones to Cyclohexane Derivatives Using a Rh@SILP Catalyst
Authors: Moos Gilles , Emondts Meike , Bordet Alexis , Leitner Walter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRhodium nanoparticles immobilized on an acid‐free triphenylphosphonium‐based supported ionic liquid phase (Rh@SILP(Ph3‐P‐NTf2)) enabled the selective hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation of aromatic ketones. The flexible molecular approach used to assemble the individual catalyst components (SiO2, ionic liquid, nanoparticles) led to outstanding catalytic properties. In particular, intimate contact between the nanoparticles and the phosphonium ionic liquid is required for the deoxygenation reactivity. The Rh@SILP(Ph3‐P‐NTf2) catalyst was active for the hydrodeoxygenation of benzylic ketones under mild conditions, and the product distribution for non‐benzylic ketones was controlled with high selectivity between the hydrogenated (alcohol) and hydrodeoxygenated (alkane) products by adjusting the reaction temperature. The versatile Rh@SILP(Ph3‐P‐NTf2) catalyst opens the way to the production of a wide range of high‐value cyclohexane derivatives by the hydrogenation and/or hydrodeoxygenation of Friedel–Crafts acylation products and lignin‐derived aromatic ketones.
Patterns and magnitudes of craniofacial covariation in extant cercopithecids
Authors: Monson Tesla A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cranium contains almost all of the vertebrate sensory organs and plays an essential role in vertebrate evolution. Research on the primate cranium has revealed that it is both highly integrated and modular, but studies have historically focused on covariance between the neurocranium and facial skeleton rather than on bones specific to special senses such as vision. The goal of this work is to investigate patterns and magnitudes of craniofacial covariation in extant cercopithecids with particular attention to the orbits. This study takes a quantitative approach using data collected from 38 homologous cranial landmarks across 11 genera of cercopithecid monkeys (Cercopithecidae,N= 291). These data demonstrate that both patterns and magnitudes of craniofacial covariation differ across Cercopithecidae at subfamily, tribe, and genus levels, with the strongest integration in the papionins (and specificallyPapio) and significantly weaker covariation in the colobines, particularlyPresbytis. Orbital height does not covary with other measurements of the cranium to the same degree as other cranial traits in Cercopithecidae and is highly constrained across the family. This study has important implications for our understanding of the evolution and development of morphological diversity in the cercopithecid cranium and evolution of the primate eye. This study also highlights the potential error of broad assumptions about generalizing patterns and magnitudes of modularity and integration across primates. Additionally, these findings reiterate the importance of trait selection for interpreting fossil taxonomy, as craniofacial covariation may impact phenotypes commonly used to differentiate fossil primate species.
Evaluating ground‐penetrating radar antenna performance for investigating Mississippian mound construction compared with data from solid‐earth cores and magnetometry
Authors: Schurr Mark R. , Monaghan G. William , Herrmann Edward W. , Pike Matthew , Wilson Jeremy J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMississippian mounds in the south‐eastern and mid‐continental United States often contain multiple construction stages and a diverse array of features. Investigating mound construction with excavation is expensive, logistically challenging, and sometimes politically impossible. Three mounds at the Angel site (12VG1), a Mississippian village (ca ad 1100–1450) in the lower Ohio River Valley, were investigated with non‐invasive geophysical and minimally invasive geoarchaeological methods. We compare the efficacy of two different ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) antenna frequencies (250 and 500 MHz) for detecting elements of mound construction previously identified with solid‐earth cores, magnetometry, and electrical resistance tomography. Solid‐earth cores provide stratigraphic information about mound layers and construction soils and materials with low horizontal spatial resolution. Surface magnetometry provides information on shallow features, such as buried building walls and floors at high resolution, but little information about depth. Radar profiles taken with 500 MHz and 250 MHz antennae were evaluated to determine which antenna frequencies are most suitable for detecting features and strata that had been documented using the other methods. Utilizing the solid‐earth cores for velocity correlations, the 500 MHz antenna provided the most useful information about prehistoric structures near the mound surface, but was limited by its relatively shallow penetration depth. The 250 MHz antenna was not able to resolve shallow features as clearly as the 500 MHz antenna. However, it was able to detect possible interior mound platforms and features, although without providing many details about possible buried structures. In combination, GPR, solid‐earth cores, and magnetometry provided new information about the construction of mounds at the Angel site.
Green proteins: An energy‐efficient solution for increased self‐sufficiency in protein in Europe
Authors: Njakou Djomo Sylvestre , Knudsen Marie Trydeman , Martinsen Louise , Andersen Mikael Skou , Ambye‐Jensen Morten , Møller Henrik Bjarne , Hermansen John Erik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe heavy reliance of the livestock industry of the European Union (EU) on feed protein imports has initiated a transition to alternative protein sources such as grass proteins. Green biorefineries (which process grass into protein and other related bio‐products) are gaining interest in the EU as the EU searches for ways to cut its import of feed proteins, to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels, and to combat climate change. However, the vulnerability of green biorefineries to fossil energy constraints has not been studied. We estimated the energy conversion efficiencies (EE) and the energy return on investment (EROI) of bio‐products from standalone (SGBR) and integrated grass refinery (IGBR) systems using scenario and energy analysis. The base scenario assumes an SGBR that processes grass into protein, fiber, and brown juice. The three IGBR scenarios assume that grass is processed into protein, fiber, and biomethane (Scenario 1); into protein, fiber, heat, and electricity (Scenario 2); or into protein, fiber, heat, and biomethane (Scenario 3). We found that the EE of the IGBR (83%–85%) largely exceeded that of the SGBR (77%) in all cases. Energy returns on investment were lower for grass than for clover‐grass because of the high fertilizer needs of the former. The standard EROIs (EROIstd) for grass protein ranged from 1.6 to 5.4 over the various feedstocks and scenarios evaluated. The EROIstd decreased when the system boundary was expanded to the point of use (EROIpou), or when they were adjusted for quality (EROIqly). Other bioproducts from both SGBR and IGBR also had high EROIstd, and showed similar patterns to that of grass protein (i.e., EROIstd > EROIpou > EROIqly). Although Scenario 1 had a high EE relative to the base scenario, its heavy reliance on auxiliary energy inputs reduced the EROIs of its products. Our analysis showed the strong impacts of brown‐juice recycling in the energy performance of green biorefinery. It thus deserves close attention when designing and implementing a green biorefinery in a given region. With favorable economic conditions, green biorefineries could contribute to the reduction of food and energy insecurity in Europe in a sustainable way. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Time lapse analysis of tumor response in patients with soft tissue sarcoma treated with trabectedin: A pooled analysis of two phase II clinical trials
Authors: Endo Makoto , Takahashi Shunji , Araki Nobuhito , Sugiura Hideshi , Ueda Takafumi , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Takahashi Mitsuru , Morioka Hideo , Hiraga Hiroaki , Hiruma Toru , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Matsumine Akihiko , Goda Kazato , Kawai Akira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe time course of the response to each drug is important to avoid inappropriate termination of treatment by misjudging tumor progression; however, little is known about soft tissue sarcoma (STS) regarding this matter. This study aimed to perform a time‐lapse analysis of tumor response in patients with STS treated with trabectedin from 2 phase II clinical trials.We examined 66 patients with translocation‐related sarcoma registered in 2 Japanese phase II clinical trials. All patients previously received standard therapy before the administration of trabectedin at 1.2 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Imaging evaluation was performed according to the study protocol. The sum of the maximum diameters of the target lesions was calculated and analyzed over time.Among the 66 patients, 9 (13.6%) showed partial response (PR) to trabectedin. Histological diagnoses of these 9 responders comprised 6 myxoid liposarcoma, 2 synovial sarcoma, and a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The median period from treatment initiation to the first PR was 123 (range, 34‐328) days. The pattern of tumor response to trabectedin showed an increasing tendency in size in the initial stage, usually followed by a size decrease with repeated administration.STS response to trabectedin was characterized as delayed and potentially persistent. Clinicians treating STS with trabectedin should know the features of the response pattern to avoid interrupting the treatment before maximal efficacy is achieved.
A case of disseminated perforating necrobiosis lipoidica
Authors: Gori Niccolò , Di Stefani Alessandro , De Luca Erika Valentina , Peris Ketty 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPerforating necrobiosis lipoidica (PNL) is a granulomatous inflammatory skin disease that usually occurs in patients with diabetic. We present a case of a female patient affected by a disseminated form of necrobiosis lipoidica.
Magneto‐Chiral Dichroism: A Playground for Molecular Chemists
Authors: Atzori Matteo , Rikken Geert L. J. A. , Train Cyrille 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMagneto‐chiral dichroism (MChD) is a non‐reciprocal manifestation of light–matter interaction that can be observed in chiral systems possessing a magnetization, either spontaneous or induced by an external magnetic field. It features a differential absorption or emission of unpolarized light that depends on the relative orientation of the magnetization with respect to the direction of the light propagation vector and on the absolute configuration of the system. Molecular chemistry is the best‐suited route towards systems combining chirality and magnetism. Nowadays, investigation of MChD is still in its infancy although this effect might play a fundamental role in technological applications, such as optical readout of magnetic data with unpolarized light. With this Minireview, the authors provide a precise description of this unconventional effect, recall the main results obtained so far and, highlighting new challenges, underline the opportunities opened to molecular chemists interested in investigating this fascinating effect with implications in chemistry and beyond.
Electrochemical Iodine‐Mediated Oxidation of Enamino‐Esters to 2H‐Azirine‐2‐Carboxylates Supported byDesign of Experiments
Authors: Babaoglu Emre , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn electrochemical iodine‐mediated transformation of enamino‐esters for the synthesis of 2H‐azirine‐2‐carboxylates is presented. In addition, a thermic conversion of azirines to 4‐carboxy‐oxazoles in quantitative yield without purification was described. Both classes 2H‐azirines‐2‐carboxylates and the 4‐carboxy‐oxazoles are substructures in natural products and therefore are of considerable interest for synthetic and pharmaceutical chemists. The optimization was not performed in a conventional manner with a one‐factor‐at‐a‐time process but with aDesign of Experiments(DoE) approach. Beside a broad substrate scope the reaction was also employed to a robustness screen, a sensitivity assessment, and complemented with mechanistic considerations from cyclic voltammetry experiments.
Geospatial assessment for crop physiological and management improvements with examples using the simple simulation model
Authors: Sinclair Thomas R. , Soltani Afshin , Marrou Helene , Ghanem Michel , Vadez Vincent 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhysiological and management modifications to increase crop yields require an appreciation of the impact of these changes on a geospatial basis. It is quite possible that the yield response to any modification may vary from positive in one location to negative in another location. Therefore, tools to undertake geospatial analysis are required to assess the overall impact. It is argued that mechanistic models based on the physics and physiology of plant development, growth, and yield formation are required for such tasks. Several criteria in selecting model tools are discussed. First, models that need to be “calibrated” are not suited for geospatial assessments because the calibration processes causes the model to be an empirical representation of the calibration data and limited to the calibration environment. Extreme caution is needed to extrapolate model use beyond the domain of calibration, since geospatial analysis requires the model to be run for a range of geographical locations over a number of growing seasons. Second, to readily understand the output from simulations across space and time, models needs to be compact and transparent so output that seems inconsistent or not intuitively obvious can be tracked to the critical features in the model. Models with a smaller number of parameters are likely to be more transparent. Finally, it is necessary that the robustness of the model has been tested against a range of environmental conditions. In this paper, we discuss the example of the Simple Simulation Model (SSM) as an option that meets these criteria.
D‐ribose‐L‐cysteine enhances memory task, attenuates oxidative stress and acetyl‐cholinesterase activity in scopolamine amnesic mice
Authors: Emokpae Osagie , Ben‐Azu Benneth , Ajayi Abayomi M. , Umukoro Solomon 
Published: March 2020

Abstractd‐Ribose‐l‐cysteine (DRLC) is an analogue of cysteine that has been shown to boost cellular antioxidant capacity by enhancing intracellular biosynthesis of glutathione (GSH). Deficiency of GSH has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with loss of memory. Thus, the use of antioxidants to prevent or retard the progression of memory deteriorations in persons with AD has been the focus of intense investigations. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of DRLC on memory and scopolamine‐induced amnesia, acetyl‐cholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress in mice. Male Swiss mice were given oral administration of saline (10 ml/kg), DRLC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or donepezil (1 mg/kg) 30 min before testing for memory performance using Y‐maze and object recognition models. Another set of mice were also pretreated orally with saline, DRLC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or donepezil (1 mg/kg) but in combination with scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 7 days. Thirty minutes after treatment on Day 7, memory function was then evaluated. The brain levels of acetyl‐cholinesterase and oxidative stress parameters were assayed. DRLC significantly (p < .05) enhanced memory performance and attenuated scopolamine‐induced amnesia. Increased acetyl‐cholinesterase activity and oxidative stress, as shown by decreased antioxidant substrates (glutathione and catalase) and elevated malondialdehyde contents in mice with scopolamine amnesia were also attenuated by DRLC. Our findings suggest that inhibition of oxidative stress and acetyl‐cholinesterase activity might contribute to the potential benefit of DRLC in persons with amnesia.
Rethinking fire‐adapted species in an altered fire regime
Authors: Tubbesing Carmen L. , York Robert A. , Stephens Scott L. , Battles John J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNovel combinations of fire regime and forest type are emerging in areas affected by climate change, fire exclusion, and other stressors. Species interactions following wildfire in these areas are not well understood. In Sierra Nevada mixed‐conifer forests, large patches of stand‐replacing fire were once rare but are becoming increasingly prevalent and are quickly revegetated by native shrubs. There is uncertainty as to which tree species are best adapted to recover in the resulting post‐fire environments. We introduce a conceptual framework for understanding how the altered fire regime in the Sierra Nevada may affect species composition. We investigate an understudied link in this framework: how juvenile ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and white fir (Abies lowiana) growth and mortality rates are affected by shrub competition following stand‐replacing fire. We measured juvenile conifer growth in relation to shrub competition in five fire footprints ranging from 8 to 35 yr old and >400 ha in size. To test whether reductions in conifer growth may lead to increased mortality, we also evaluated how recent tree growth predicts mortality of similarly aged juvenile trees in nearby managed stands. We found that juvenile ponderosa pine growth was negatively associated with nearby shrub competition, but white fir growth was not. Both species grew slower preceding mortality, with a steeper relationship found in ponderosa pine. Across the range of shrub competition in this study, expected pine annual relative growth rate varied from 0.27 to 0.10, which corresponded to an eleven‐fold difference in annual probability of mortality (0.1–1.1%, respectively). These results show that ponderosa pine is sensitive to shrub competition following wildfire in terms of both growth and survival while white fir is less sensitive, presumably due to its high shade tolerance. Though pines are generally considered fire‐adapted, this study argues that post‐fire species interactions in a novel fire regime may exacerbate the already shifting species composition toward shade‐tolerant species, which are less well adapted to survive through future fires and to persist in future drier, warmer climates.
Android to gynoid fat ratio and its association with functional capacity in male patients with heart failure
Authors: Dos Santos Marcelo Rodrigues , da Fonseca Guilherme Wesley Peixoto , Sherveninas Letícia Pironato , de Souza Francis Ribeiro , Battaglia Filho Antônio Carlos , Novaes Caio Eduardo , Pereira Rosa Maria Rodrigues , Negrão Carlos Eduardo , Barretto Antônio Carlos Pereira , Alves Maria‐Janieire de Nazaré Nunes 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsWe studied the association between android (A) to gynoid (G) fat ratio and functional capacity (peak VO2) in male patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsWe enrolled 118 male patients with HFrEF with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%. Body composition (by using dual x‐ray absorptiometry) and peak VO2 (by cardiopulmonary exercise testing) were measured. Sarcopenic obesity was defined according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health criteria (FNIH). Blood sample for metabolic and hormonal parameters were measured. Fifteen patients (12.7%) showed sarcopenic obesity (body mass index > 25 kg/m2 with FNIH index < 0.789). The median A/G ratio was 0.55. A/G ratio > 0.55 was detected in 60 patients. Relative peak VO2 was lower in patients with A/G ratio > 0.55 than in patients with A/G ratio <0.55 (18.7 ± 5.3 vs. 22.5 ± 6.1 mL/kg/min, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed A/G ratio >0.55 to be independently associated with reduced peak VO2 adjusted for age, body mass index, LVEF, presence of sarcopenia, anabolic hormones, and haemoglobin (odds ratio 3.895, 95% confidence interval 1.030–14.730, P = 0.045).ConclusionsBody fat distribution, particularly android and gynoid fat composition, together with other cofactors, might have an important adverse role on functional capacity in male patients with HFrEF. Future studies are needed to address possible mechanisms involved in this relationship.
Right ventricular mechanical pattern in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery: a predictor of post‐operative dysfunction?
Authors: Tokodi Márton , Németh Endre , Lakatos Bálint K. , Kispál Erika , Tősér Zoltán , Staub Levente , Rácz Kristóf , Soltész Ádám , Szigeti Szabolcs , Varga Tamás , Gál János , Merkely Béla , Kovács Attila 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThe PREPARE‐MVR study (PRediction of Early PostoperAtive Right vEntricular failure in Mitral Valve Replacement/Repair patients) sought to investigate the alterations of right ventricular (RV) contraction pattern in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement/repair (MVR) and to explore the associations between pre‐operative RV mechanics and early post‐operative RV dysfunction (RVD).Methods and resultsWe prospectively enrolled 42 patients (63 ± 11 years, 69% men) undergoing open‐heart MVR. Transthoracic three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiography was performed pre‐operatively, at intensive care unit discharge, and 6 months after surgery. The 3D model of the RV was reconstructed, and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) was calculated. We decomposed the motion of the ventricle to compute longitudinal ejection fraction (LEF) and radial ejection fraction (REF). Pulmonary artery catheterization was performed to monitor RV stroke work index (RVSWi). RVEF was slightly decreased after MVR [52 (50–55) vs. 51 (46–54)%; P = 0.001], whereas RV contraction pattern changed notably. Before MVR, the longitudinal shortening was the main contributor to global systolic RV function [LEF/RVEF vs. REF/RVEF; 0.53 (0.47–0.58) vs. 0.33 (0.22–0.42); P < 0.001]. Post‐operatively, the radial motion became dominant [0.33 (0.28–0.43) vs. 0.46 (0.37–0.51); P = 0.004]. However, this shift was temporary as 6 months later the two components contributed equally to global RV function [0.44 (0.38–0.50) vs. 0.41 (0.36–0.49); P = 0.775]. Pre‐operative LEF was an independent predictor of post‐operative RVD defined as RVSWi < 300 mmHg⋅mL/m2 [OR = 1.33 (95% CI: 1.08–1.77), P < 0.05].ConclusionsMVR induces a significant shift in the RV mechanical pattern. Advanced indices of RV mechanics are associated with invasively measured parameters of RV contractility and may predict post‐operative RVD.
Stigma of eating disorders and recovery‐related outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Foran Aoife‐Marie , O'Donnell Aisling T. , Muldoon Orla T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivePeople with eating disorders (EDs) tend to engage in behaviours that are ordinarily perceived as normal in society, such as restrictive dieting. However, when people are diagnosed with an ED, they may often feel stigmatized, which is likely to act as a barrier to recovery. To date, there is a limited understanding of how stigma of EDs impacts recovery‐related outcomes.MethodA systematic search was performed using PsychINFO and PubMed. Multiple combined searches of terms relating to stigma, EDs, and recovery‐related outcomes were conducted. PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout the selection process and resulted in nine studies meeting specific inclusion criteria. The extracted data are examined in a critical narrative synthesis.ResultsOur review suggested that across different samples and measures, stigmatization of EDs is negatively related to a range of factors important for recovery. These include psychological, social and physical health outcomes, ED psychopathology and treatment‐seeking behaviours.ConclusionsBased on the quality assessment, it was concluded that future research would benefit from the use of research designs that can demonstrate causality and generalize findings across community samples. Therefore, in order to improve recovery‐related outcomes, treatment plans must consider the type of ED stigma experienced and its relation with specific recovery‐related outcomes.