bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theatre as Religious Practice
Authors: Bansat-Boudon Lyne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
What theatre and religion have in common is to be first and foremost practices: there is no religion without rites, no theatre (whether in Indian or Western conceptions) without performance; that is to say, without putting drama into production and into play. So teaches the Nāṭyaśāstra, the great founding treatise on Indian dramatic art of the second century ce, not only in the myth of origin narrated in the first five and the last two chapters but also in most of the other ones dedicated to the ‘making’ of theatre, in particular the extensive analysis of the registers of acting (abhinaya) whose highly complex theory is expounded by Bharata, the mythical author of the Treatise and first of the sūtradhāras. This chapter examines these developments and their origins.
Material and Moral Reassessments of the KZ Past
Authors: Whatmore-Thomson Helen J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chapter 6 assesses the fundamental changes that occurred at the three KZ locations at a time when the Holocaust became central to European understandings of the war and Nazism. It outlines the camps’ transformations from monuments to memorial institutions (KZ- Gedenkstätten), detailing the ways in which local communities were involved or were swept up into new presentations of camp history. Beyond the politics of memory and official memorialization at the new institutions, it goes on to evaluate how local communities found their own ways of reflecting on and acknowledging the burden of the past in personal, social, and municipal ways; in particular, Neuengamme’s aloofness in matters pertaining to KZ memorialization was reversed through the activities of the local pastor. It concludes by tracing through the sites’ memorial evolution into the new millennium which has seen narrative complexity embrace the specificities of local context and embed this in international and universal narratives.
Conclusion
Authors: Whatmore-Thomson Helen J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This Conclusion brings together the three cases, underlining the importance of locality and how it is has been lastingly tainted by KZ history. Across European borders, amidst diverging national war histories, different heritages of guilt and myth, and diverse paths of national remembrance each with its own timeline and combination of motivational factors, it highlights some of the common denominators in the histories of camps and their neighbouring communities. Local populations shared the physical fate of close proximity; but they also commonly espoused stories of interaction (wartime and post-war), as well as undergoing processes of realization and recognition of being intertwined KZ history, and attempting to justify and rationalize their coexistence with a KZ. The Conclusion accounts for the different nature of local involvement in KZ commemoration across the three locations, and closes with some of the broad distinctions this reveals about KZ memory more generally.
Folk Psychology and Its Ontology
Authors: Langland-Hassan Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The question of whether imagination can be reduced to other folk psychological states will turn, in part, on what we take those other states to be—on how we view their ontological status. There are very different views in philosophy and psychology concerning the nature of folk psychological states, ranging from eliminativism, to dispositionalism, to representationalsim. This chapter explains how those different ontological viewpoints bear on the project of explaining imagination. An important conclusion is that the explanations pursued in this book do not assume or require the existence of mental representations of any sort and thus should be of interest to theorists with quite different commitments concerning folk psychological ontology. However, in some cases, when assessing competing arguments, it will be essential to grasp the difference between “heavy-duty” (representationalist) views of folk psychological states and “light-duty” (dispositionalist) views.
Responsibility and Liability
Authors: Tadros Victor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a broad consensus that something like responsibility or choice impacts on a person’s liability to defensive harm. But beyond that, there is little consensus. This chapter considers several influential views about the significance of responsibility. Some, such as the luck egalitarian view, are found to be badly incomplete. Others, such as the protective value of choice, fail to explain the significance of a person’s relationship with a threat for liability. However, the chapter broadly defends the significance of choice in some cases of culpable and non-culpable threat-causing conduct.
Killing and Aggregation
Authors: Tadros Victor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne central issue in the ethics of war concerns the significance of aggregate harm across lives. This issue interacts with the question of liability. On any sensible view, how many people are killed or saved from death makes a difference to the permissibility of one’s conduct. But some people think that the number of people one kills does not matter where those people are liable to be killed. This chapter offers the most compelling explanation of this view, but also shows that it ultimately fails. When we consider the reasons why people act in a way that makes them liable to harm, we also see that their deaths retain great significance, even when they have acted culpably.
The Birth of Modern Political Satire
Authors: Hale Meredith McNeill 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This book documents one of the most important moments in the history of printed political imagery, when the political print became what we would recognize as modern political satire. Contrary to conventional historical and art-historical narratives, which place the emergence of political satire in the news-driven coffee-house culture of eighteenth-century London, this study locates the birth of the genre in the late seventeenth-century Netherlands in the contentious political milieu surrounding William III’s invasion of England known as the ‘Glorious Revolution’. The satires produced between 1688 and 1690 by the Dutch printmaker Romeyn de Hooghe (1645–1708) on the events surrounding William III’s campaigns against James II and Louis XIV establish many of the qualities that define the genre to this day: the transgression of bodily boundaries; the interdependence of text and image; the centrality of dialogic text to the generation of meaning; serialized production; and the emergence of the satirist as a primary participant in political discourse. This study, the first in-depth analysis of De Hooghe’s satires since the nineteenth century, considers these prints as sites of cultural influence and negotiation, works that both reflected and helped to construct a new relationship between the government and the governed.
Introduction
Authors: Hale Meredith McNeill 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The book’s introduction provides an overview of the genre of political satire, a brief biography of Romeyn de Hooghe, and a summary of the contents of the individual chapters. It considers the key characteristics of political satire, among them: its assumption of the forms of other genres, the engagement of the viewer in an unresolved moment, the promise to unveil the ‘truth’ and suggestion of moral correction, and deep imbrication in a specific historical context. A brief review of the existing literature on De Hooghe contextualizes this study and provides the necessary background for understanding the reception of the satires.
Knowledge management
Authors: Molloy Aoife 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Knowledge management is the process of identifying, appraising, and synthesizing evidence to inform healthcare organization and delivery. This chapter summarizes the role and use of evidence in healthcare. Evidence identification, appraisal, and synthesis are described, and the use of evidence to inform the development of healthcare guidelines is discussed. The challenges of guideline implementation are explored and potential solutions are outlined. The future direction of knowledge management is complex and may involve individualized risk scoring and new approaches to analysing large datasets. Knowledge management should be used to guide more coherent care across healthcare systems; evidence and knowledge management must also promote appropriateness in healthcare.
Reading Max Weber's Sociology of Law
Authors: Treiber Hubert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
More than a simple guide through a complicated text, this book serves both as an introduction and as a distillation of more than thirty years of reading and reflection on Max Weber's scholarship. It is a solid and comprehensive study of Weber and his main concepts. It also provides commentary in a manner informed both historically and sociologically. Drawing on recent research in the history of law, the book also presents and critiques the process by which the law was rationalized and which Weber divided into four ideal-typical stages of development. It contextualizes Weber's work in the light of current research, setting out to amend misinterpretations and misunderstandings that have prevailed from Weber's original texts. Ultimately, this volume is an important work in its own right and critical for any student of the sociology of law.
The Trial
Authors: Rendle Matthew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines the trial, the focal point of the legal process, which provided a forum for both sides to discuss their version of events; produced the punitive sentence; and provided the basis for the educational message, whether in the courtroom or when publicized later. In doing so, it was the primary means by which tribunals projected the state’s authority and ideology, and formed the main distinction between revolutionary justice and revolutionary violence. Chapter 4 pieces together the trial process, examining how cases were brought to trial, the individuals involved (judges, lawyers, and others), the location, the trial procedure, and the sentences. A quantitative analysis of sentences reveals that they were far more varied than might be expected or that the authorities encouraged, revealing differing conceptions of counter-revolution and the nature of revolutionary consciousness, and more broadly the flexibility of law over violence. The chapter finishes by charting the move towards ‘model’ and then ‘show’ trials through an analysis of the preparations for the trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries in 1922—the first ‘show’ trial—and the Bolsheviks’ management of the process itself.
On Lived Eschatology
Authors: Robbins Joel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMillenarianism has a long pedigree as a phenomenon of anthropological concern. In the form of eschatology and apocalypticism, it has also had a fitful but sometimes important presence in theology. This chapter lays out some of what anthropologists have learned about the ways in which people live in millennial time, and it considers how their studies can be enhanced by a grasp of influential theological work on eschatology produced by theologians such as Wolfhart Pannenberg and Jürgen Moltmann. It also demonstrates how anthropological work on this topic can suggest a new interpretation of the theme of early Christian millenarian disappointment that has been important over the course of the history of modern theology. Ethnographic materials are drawn from the author’s fieldwork in Papua New Guinea and a contemporary ethnography of Scottish Christians.
Old Rivals Merge; New Divisions Emerge
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Although there have been few denominational mergers at the national level, there has been a great deal of facility-sharing and even merger of local congregations. Such rationalization has been driven by the need to replace or renovate crumbling churches and chapels coinciding with declining numbers of members to fund such work. While secularization has created a need for rationalization, it has also made it possible by reducing knowledge of, and interest in, the classic theological divisions that produced Britain’s current churches, sects, and denominations. As old arguments about baptism, church organization, liturgy, the nature of communion, and what is required for salvation have faded, new divisions have emerged. Apparently trivial disputes about church seating and music styles point to the bigger issue of whether churches should accommodate or resist social and cultural change. Gay rights and the roles of women have been particularly contentious.
Religion and Politics
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In Catholic Europe, progressive and working-class politics have often been anti-religious. In Britain, class conflict was often expressed within, rather than against, Christianity, with the Labour Party having deep roots in dissenting movements such as the Methodists. This chapter details such class connections and associated regional movements (such as the anti-English appeal of the Welsh chapels). It considers Muslim involvement in the Labour Party and the roots of anti-Semitism. The rapid rise and fall of the Christian Party and the Christian People’s Alliance are used to test the electoral popularity of conservative socio-moral positions. An apparent connection between identifying as Church of England and BREXIT-era xenophobia is demonstrated to be largely a matter of nostalgia: regular churchgoers are more likely than nominal identifiers to be pro-European Union and sympathetic to immigrants.
The Evolution of Competition Law in New Zealand
Authors: Ahdar Rex 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This monograph presents a detailed, lively, and original chronicle and analysis of New Zealand’s competition law. The modern era began with the Commerce Act 1986 and since then a steady corpus of case law has traversed all the major areas of antitrust law: cartels, resale price maintenance, exclusive dealing, tying, monopolization, predatory pricing, mergers, private and public enforcement, and so on. The volume explains the rationale for the major reforms of the Commerce Act and traces the development of key concepts such as effective competition, efficiency, market power, market definition, entry barriers, wealth transfers, and public benefit over the last 34 years. The book provides an extended critique of the landmark cases and legislative amendments. It assesses the desirable, and undesirable, aspects of competition law’s interpretation and doctrinal development by the courts and Commerce Commission. Systemic issues are explored such as: how well has New Zealand moulded its own competition law, whilst, nonetheless, selectively drawing upon the policy prescriptions, case law, and wisdom from foreign jurisdictions? How well has it adapted its competition law to the reality of it being a small, distant, isolated, deregulated, open economy? How has the transplanted Harvard School versus Chicago School debate played out in New Zealand? How have unique, if not rash, experiments such as its “light-handed” regulation for utilities worked? It concludes by drawing together the common threads that mark the modern era and offering some predictions about how the next decades of New Zealand competition law might unfold.
The Undulating Path of Merger Policy
Authors: Ahdar Rex 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Merger control has been marked by two major changes to both procedural and substantive law; the mandatory pre-merger notification regime was becoming increasingly burdensome for both businesses and the Commission. In 1990, the pre-merger notification system was abruptly abolished in favour of a voluntary notification system. The so-called “strike down” system already existed in Australia, but the change was probably due less to harmonization and more to some effective lobbying by big business. Regarding the substantive test, the “dominance” standard proved to be highly permissive. Few mergers were halted and the presence of very large market shares post-merger could still be overcome by an unduly generous view of the likelihood of new entry disciplining the merged firm. An idealized version of potential competition (contestability theory) held sway. In 2001, the test in s 47 was changed to the SLC threshold in an effort to toughen up the law. Horizontal mergers, increasing the likelihood of collusion (due to increased market concentration), could now be caught. Yet it is doubtful that the sterner test actually resulted in more mergers being prohibited. This chapter briefly explores the experience of vertical and conglomerate mergers as well as a new section (s 47A) that addresses overseas mergers that have effects upon New Zealand markets.
Creation and Religious Pluralism
Authors: Cheetham David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the well-worn debates about religious pluralism and the theology of religions there have been many different rubrics used to account for, comprehend, or engage with the religious other. This book is chiefly a work of Christian theology and seeks to bring the doctrine of creation and the theology of religions into dialogue and in so doing it comes at things from a different direction than other works. It contains an extensive exploration of the doctrine of creation and asks how it might intervene distinctively in these discourses to produce a new conceptual and practical topography. It will consider interreligious engagement from the perspective of the doctrine of creatio ex nihilo that forms the dominant view in the Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions. In the course of the book’s narrative, there will be close consideration given to anthropology (i.e. creaturehood), the quotidian and wisdom, the idea of ‘sabbath’, human action, and work, and vivifying the immanent through a consideration of some representative phenomenologists. The book will develop these ideas in a more practical direction by considering sacraments and rituals in the public sphere as well as attempting to describe the kind of ‘creational politics’ that might bring traditions into dialogue. Whilst these themes will challenge more conventional ways of considering relations between religions, such themes—because they are different from concerns commonly found in the literature—can also be profitably engaged with across the spectrum of opinion (i.e. exclusivist or pluralist etc.). Thus, whilst the position adopted in this work is creatio ex nihilo, part of the motivation is to review the ways in which this focus helps to broaden rather than limit the discussion.
Interactions of particles with matter
Authors: Kolanoski Hermann , Wermes Norbert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Particles are sensed through their interactions with matter. To begin with, the chapter introduces the terms cross section and absorption. Then successively the most important interactions that are employed for the detection of the various particle types are discussed: energy loss of charged particles by ionisation and bremsstrahlung, multiple Coulomb scattering of charged particles, interactions of photons and hadrons with matter. The interactions leading to the development of electromagnetic and hadronic showers are treated in more detail in chapter 15 (Calorimeters), while energy loss by Cherenkov and transition radiation are discussed in chapters 11 and 12, respectively. When describing the interaction processes an attempt is made to address the theoretical background in a way that the derivations ought to be comprehensible.
Signal formation by moving charges
Authors: Kolanoski Hermann , Wermes Norbert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Normally modern detectors are read out electronically. The signals that are induced on the detector electrodes are generated by the movement of charges relative to the electrodes. The general principle for the calculation of the signals is introduced on the basis of the Shockley-Ramo theorem applying the concept of weighting fields to an arbitrary number of electrodes in field volumes with and without space charge. Examples of the time development of signals are calculated for electrode arrangements with plate and cylinder geometry and for electrodes with strip or pixel segmentation.
Gas-filled detectors
Authors: Kolanoski Hermann , Wermes Norbert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Detectors that record charged particles through their ionisation of gases are found in many experiments of nuclear and particle physics. By conversion of the charges created along a track into electrical signals, particle trajectories can be measured with these detectors in large volumes, also inside magnetic fields. The operation principles of gaseous detectors are explained, which include charge generation, gas amplification, operation modes and gas mixtures. Different detector types are described in some detail, starting with ionisation chambers without gas amplification, proceeding to those with gas amplification like spark and streamer chambers, parallel plate arrangements, multi-wire proportional chambers, chambers with microstructured electrodes, drift chambers, and ending with time-projection chambers. The chapter closes with an overview of aging effects in gaseous detectors which cause negative alterations of the detector performance.
Semiconductor detectors
Authors: Kolanoski Hermann , Wermes Norbert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Already since the early 1960s semiconductor detectors have been employed in nuclear physics, in particular for gamma ray energy measurement. This chapter concentrates on position sensitive semiconductor detectors which have been developed in particle physics since the 1980s and which feature position resolutions in the range of 50–100 μm by structuring the electrodes, thus reaching the best position resolutions of electronic detectors. For the first time this made the electronic measurement of secondary vertices and therewith the lifetime of heavy fermions possible. The chapter first conveys the basics of semiconductor physics, of semiconductor and metal-semiconductor junctions used in electronics and detector applications as well as particle detection with semiconductor detectors. It follows the description of different detector types, like strip and pixel detectors, silicon drift chambers and charged-coupled devices. New developments are addressed in the sections on ‘Monolithic pixel detectors’ and on ‘Precision timing with silicon detectors’. In the last sections detector deterioration by radiation damage is described and an overview of other semiconductor detector materials but silicon is given.
Track reconstruction and momentum measurement
Authors: Kolanoski Hermann , Wermes Norbert 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The reconstruction of a charged particle’s trajectory in a magnetic field allows us to determine the momentum vector, that is both the particle’s momentum and its direction. This chapter begins with the description of typical magnetic field configurations and the parametrisation of particle trajectories in homogeneous magnetic fields. For different detector configurations a detailed discussion of the reconstruction of particle trajectories from the measured points. Special attention is given to the achievable resolutions of position, direction, momentum and impact parameter, including newly derived formulas for the effects of multiple scattering.