bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children’s bedroom illumination while reading at night
Authors: Fernández Irigaray Leonardo , Bernatene Julián , Szeps Abel , Albertazzi Roberto , Cortínez Florencia , Lanca Carla , Iribarren Rafael 
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aims to describe children’s patterns of reading at night.
Methods: A questionnaire was developed as a google survey with 10 brief questions sent by email to a sample of 35,000 adult subjects who had attended two ophthalmic medical centers in Argentina. Questions included information on age, gender, whether the child had myopia or not, if the child read before going to bed, if there were one or two lights on while reading, and the type of house the child lived in (simple house, house with garden and high rise building).
Results: The sample consisted of 588 school aged children (mean age =10.9 ± 2.6 years; 51.7 % males). The prevalence of “self-reported myopia”, “no spectacle use (emmetropes)” and “spectacle use other than myopia” was 21.0%, 62.9% and 16.1% respectively. A large percentage of the children read at night in bed before sleeping (81.6%). In 31.7% of cases children read with lights off with only the light of the device, in 26.4% read with one light on, and in 18.0% of the cases read with two lights on (23.8% answered that their children did not go to bed reading). Older age was the only variable associated with an increased odds of self-reported myopia (Odds Ratio: 1.16; 95% CIs 1.04, 1.29; p=0.006).
Conclusion: We found that most children go to bed reading at night in mesopic conditions under low illumination. This could be a risk factor for myopia development. Thus, further studies are necessary to explore this hypothesis.
Presencia de arteria cilio-retiniana en la obstrucción de arteria central de la retina
Authors: Villegas Facundo Nicolás , Boras María Agustina , Osaba Matías , Maffrand Carola , Reviglio Víctor 
Published: December 2024

Describimos las características clínicas y el resultado del tratamiento de un paciente con oclusión de la arteria central de la retina y permeabilidad la arteria ciliorretiniana. Paciente femenina de 69 años consultó por disminución súbita e indolora de la agudeza visual del ojo izquierdo de cinco horas de evolución. Al realizar fondo de ojo de ese ojo se evidenció palidez retinal en los cuatro cuadrantes por OACR con conservación del territorio papilo-macular, compatible a permeabilidad de la arteria ciliorretinal.
Se interconsultó con cardiología y clínica médica ya que es indispensable el manejo interdisciplinario. Se informa en eco doppler arterial de troncos supra-aórticos: placa fibrocálcica con reducción del 20% de la luz en la bifurcación carotídea bilateral y ecocardiograma con insuficiencia tricuspidea leve. El tratamiento en ese momento fue realizar masaje ocular y colocar hipotensores tópicos.
La agudeza visual final del paciente fue de movimiento manos a 3 metro en ojo izquierdo (OI) que no corrige y 6/10 CSC en ojo derecho (OD). A pesar de haber desarrollado posteriormente rubeosis y neovasos retinales, para lo cual recibió tratamiento con antiangiogenicos y fotocoagulación retiniana.
Resulta de mejor pronóstico la presencia de la arteria cilio-retiniana que se encuentra presente en un 20% de las personas aproximadamente, ya que permite la perfusión del área macular, pero no previene la neovascularización ocular.
PENGARUH ONLINE CUSTOMER REVIEW DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA E-COMMERCE LAZADA DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Rostiawati Iis 
Published: December 2024

Currently, the online marketplace in Indonesia is dominated by 5 e-commerce that have a balanced reputation, one of which is Lazada. At the beginning of 2024, the number of Lazada visitors experienced a greater decline than other e-commerce. The decline in visitor frequency and market share indicates that Lazada needs a business strategy to be able to increase purchasing decisions which in turn can affect consumer confidence. This study discusses the effect of online review and prices of purchasing decisions on Lazada marketplace users. This study uses quantitative methods and the data analysis technique are multiple linear regression with questionnaire research as the instruments. Respondents in this research are Lazada application users in Bandung and the number of samples determined is 96 samples. The results of this study indicate that the variables of customer online review and price have a positive and significant effect simultaneously on purchasing decisions, but partially customer online review has no effect on purchasing decisions. The results of the study can be a reference for Lazada to improve the quality of the product in order to get a rating and positive reviews from consumers to increase sales.
Ultrasonographic modeling of lung and diaphragm mechanics: clinical trial of a novel non-invasive method to evaluate pre-operative pulmonary function
Authors: Li Tianyuan , Wu Xiong-zhi , Long Dingde , Fu Huan , Guo Suping , Liu Fen 
Published: December 2024

Background
Pre-operative pulmonary function testing (PFT) plays a key role in predicting postoperative complications or functional impairment. However, PFT requires the subject and examiner to cooperate and the results are influenced by both technical and personal factors. In contrast, the use of ultrasound (US) for structural and functional assessments of the lungs and diaphragm is on the rise, as it requires minimal patient cooperation. Dyspnea is mainly caused by lung or pleural lesions but may also be caused by weak respiratory muscles. As the diaphragm is a primary respiratory muscle, combining lung ultrasonography (LUS) with diaphragm ultrasound (DUS) may enable a more comprehensive assessement of pulmonary function. This study aims to introduce a novel approach for assessing pulmonary function using a mathematical model based on LUS and DUS.

Methods
This prospective study was performed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between June 2021 and December 2021, 208 patients were recruited and underwent PFT, LUS, and DUS examinations. An experienced physician, blinded to the clinical history and PFT results, performed LUS and DUS and explored the correlations between a mathematical model (ultrasonographic modeling score (U-score)) using LUS combined with DUS and pulmonary function parameters. Univariate, multivariate, and logistic regression analyses were also performed.

Results
According to the univariate and multivariable analysis, diaphragm thickness fraction in deep breathing (D-DTF) (odds ratio (OR), 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.83–0.94]; P < 0.001), and LUS score (OR, 1.44; 95% CI [1.16–1.80]; P < 0.001) were each independently associated with pulmonary function. According to the logistics equation, a U-score of −0.126 × D-DTF + 0.368 × LUS score was produced. The U-score showed a more significant negative correlation with forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) (r = −0.605, P < 0.001) than the LUS or DUS indices alone. The U-score (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.971) was greater than the other indices for assessing pulmonary function.

Conclusions
With validation, the U-score through both lung and diaphragm ultrasound measurements may assist in estimating pulmonary function. This approach facilitates the assessment of pulmonary function in patients who may be unable to reliably participate in PFT.
Estimated Research and Development Investment Needed to Bring a New Medicine to Market, 2009-2018
Authors: Wouters Olivier J. , McKee Martin , Luyten Jeroen 
Published: March 2020

ImportanceThe mean cost of developing a new drug has been the subject of debate, with recent estimates ranging from $314 million to $2.8 billion.ObjectiveTo estimate the research and development investment required to bring a new therapeutic agent to market, using publicly available data.Design and SettingData were analyzed on new therapeutic agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2009 and 2018 to estimate the research and development expenditure required to bring a new medicine to market. Data were accessed from the US Securities and Exchange Commission, Drugs@FDA database, and ClinicalTrials.gov, alongside published data on clinical trial success rates.ExposuresConduct of preclinical and clinical studies of new therapeutic agents.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMedian and mean research and development spending on new therapeutic agents approved by the FDA, capitalized at a real cost of capital rate (the required rate of return for an investor) of 10.5% per year, with bootstrapped CIs. All amounts were reported in 2018 US dollars.ResultsThe FDA approved 355 new drugs and biologics over the study period. Research and development expenditures were available for 63 (18%) products, developed by 47 different companies. After accounting for the costs of failed trials, the median capitalized research and development investment to bring a new drug to market was estimated at $1141.7 million (95% CI, $888.1 million-$1480.8 million), and the mean investment was estimated at $1559.1 million (95% CI, $1271.0 million-$1893.8 million) in the base case analysis. Median estimates by therapeutic area (for areas with ≥5 drugs) ranged from $765.9 million (95% CI, $323.0 million-$1473.5 million) for nervous system agents to $2771.6 million (95% CI, $2051.8 million-$5366.2 million) for antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. Data were mainly accessible for smaller firms, orphan drugs, products in certain therapeutic areas, first-in-class drugs, therapeutic agents that received accelerated approval, and products approved between 2014 and 2018. Results varied in sensitivity analyses using different estimates of clinical trial success rates, preclinical expenditures, and cost of capital.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study provides an estimate of research and development costs for new therapeutic agents based on publicly available data. Differences from previous studies may reflect the spectrum of products analyzed, the restricted availability of data in the public domain, and differences in underlying assumptions in the cost calculations.
Photosynthetic Biohybrid Nanoswimmers System to Alleviate Tumor Hypoxia for FL/PA/MR Imaging‐Guided Enhanced Radio‐Photodynamic Synergetic Therapy
Authors: Zhong Danni , Li Wanlin , Qi Yuchen , He Jian , Zhou Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiohybrid microswimmers have recently shown to be able to actively perform in targeted delivery and in vitro biomedical applications. However, more envisioned functionalities of the microswimmers aimed at in vivo treatments are still challenging. A photosynthetic biohybrid nanoswimmers system (PBNs), magnetic engineered bacteria‐Spirulina platensis, is utilized for tumor‐targeted imaging and therapy. The engineered PBNs is fabricated by superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4 NPs) via a dip‐coating process, enabling its tumor targeting ability and magnetic resonance imaging property after intravenous injection. It is found that the PBNs can be used as oxygenerator for in situ O2 generations in hypoxic solid tumors through photosynthesis, modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus improving the effectiveness of radiotherapy (RT). Furthermore, the innate chlorophyll released from the RT‐treated PBNs, as a photosensitizer, can produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species under laser irradiation to achieve photodynamic therapy. Excellent tumor inhibition can be realized by the combined multimodal therapies. The PBNs also possesses capacities of chlorophyll‐based fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, which can monitor the tumor therapy and tumor TME environment. These intriguing properties of the PBNs provide a promising microrobotic platform for TME hypoxic modulation and cancer theranostic applications.
Characterization of Enzymatically Synthesized Titania Thin Films Using Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy Reveals Low‐Cost Approach for Organic/Inorganic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: van Amelrooij Edward F. , Schut Henk , Egger Werner , Dickmann Marcel , Hugenschmidt Christoph , Mallée Lloyd , Hanefeld Ulf , McMillan Duncan G. G. , Eijt Stephan W. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new method is developed to produce mesoporous titania thin films at room temperature using the enzyme papain in a dip‐coating procedure, providing low‐cost titania films in a sustainable manner. Quartz crystal microbalance, positron annihilation Doppler broadening and lifetime spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction are used to determine the deposition and structural properties of the films. As‐deposited films have low densities ρ ≈ 0.6 g cm−3, contain small micropores and proteins, and exhibit corrugated surfaces. Annealing at temperatures of 300 °C or higher leads to the destruction and evaporation of most of the organic material, resulting in a thickness decrease of 50–60%, more pure titania films with increased density, an increase in micropore size and a decrease in the concentration and size of atomic‐scale vacancies. Up to 50 layers could be stacked, allowing easy control over the total layer thickness. Based on these titania films, first test devices consisting of natural dye‐sensitized solar cells are produced, that show photovoltaic activity and indicate possibilities for low‐cost, accessible, organic production of solar cells. Given the wide range of other applications for titania, this new method is a promising candidate for improving the fabrication of those products with respect to cost, sustainability, and production speed.
Foldable Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells for Photovoltaic and Photosynthesis
Authors: Song Wei , Fanady Billy , Peng Ruixiang , Hong Ling , Wu Lirong , Zhang Wenxia , Yan Tingting , Wu Tao , Chen Sanhui , Ge Ziyi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSemitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) have attracted extensive attention for their potential greenhouse applications. Conventional ST‐OSCs are typically based on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes which suffer from mechanical brittleness. Therefore, alternatives for ITO are required for realization of foldable‐flexible ST‐OSCs (FST‐OSCs). Herein, flexible poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes are prepared as ITO alternatives via polyhydroxy compound (xylitol) microdoping and acid treatment. As a result, flexible opaque OSCs based on PBDB‐T‐2F:Y6 photoactive system yield a high efficiency of 14.20%. The desirable optical properties of modified PEDOT:PSS electrodes in the visible light region and PBDB‐T‐2F:Y6 photoactive layer in the near‐infrared region facilitate the fabrication of FST‐OSCs with over 10% efficiency and 21% average visible light transmittance. Those FST‐OSCs also display excellent mechanical stability against bending and folding due to the xylitol doping, where over 80% of the initial efficiency can still be maintained even after 1000 folding cycles. Meanwhile, parallel comparisons between plants grown under direct sunlight with a FST‐OSCs roof and those under direct sunlight yield very similar results in terms of branch sturdiness and hypertrophic leaves. The results pave the way for realizing high‐performing FST‐OSCs based on PEDOT:PSS electrodes that could utilize visible light for plant growth and infrared light for power generation.
Nickel or Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Transformations of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Wang Zhenhua , Wang Xiu , Nishihara Yasushi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarboxylic acid derivatives containing acyl halides, anhydrides, esters, amides and acyl nitriles are highly appealing electrophiles in transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reactions due to their ready availability and low cost, which can provide divergent transformations of carboxylic acids into other value‐added products. In this Minireview, we focus on the recent advances of decarbonylative transformations of carboxylic acid derivatives in carbon‐carbon bond formations using Ni or Pd catalysts. A series of reaction types, product classifications and reaction pathways are presented herein, which show the advantageous features of carboxylic acid derivatives as alternative to aryl or alkyl halides in terms of reactivity and compatibility. The well‐accepted mechanism of nickel‐ or palladium‐catalyzed decarbonylative transformations involves initial oxidative addition of carboxylic acid derivatives, followed by decarbonylation or transmetalation (or insertion), and reductive elimination to generate the products, thereby regenerating the catalysts.
Two‐dimensional materials of group‐IVA boosting the development of energy storage and conversion
Authors: Guo Qiang , Chen Nan , Qu Liangti 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraphene, an emerging fabric of carbon atoms, has manifested its versatility in all kinds of fields encompassing electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, taking advantage of its excellent mechanical strength, exceptional electronic and thermal conductivities, high surface specific area, and so forth. The prosperity of graphene never seen before has led the attention to silicene, siloxene, germanene, stanene, and plumbene due to their promising applications in the quantum spin Hall effect, topological insulator, batteries, capacitors, catalysis, and topological superconductivity. Herein, we review the existing production methods, numerous applications of two‐dimensional group‐IVA materials, and critically discuss the challenges of these materials, providing potential implications to the exploration of uncharted material systems.
Phosphorrecycling durch Mitverwertung von Klärschlammaschen bei der Phosphorsäureherstellung
Authors: Herr Patrick , Mocker Mario , Zollfrank Cordt , Gaderer Matthias , Mayer Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEs wurde der Ansatz der Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Klärschlammasche durch Mitverwertung bei der konventionellen nasschemischen Phosphorsäureherstellung untersucht. Laborversuche mit realen Klärschlammaschen unter simulierten Industriebedingungen ergaben, dass eine direkte Beimischung der Asche zum Primärrohstoff Rohphosphat verschiedene verfahrenstechnische Nachteile mit sich bringt. Als Alternative zur direkten Beimischung wird das verfahrenstechnische Konzept der Rückstromextraktion vorgeschlagen, dessen Umsetzung einige der identifizierten Nachteile umgeht.
Cytomorphologic findings of cervical Pap smears from female‐to‐male transgender patients on testosterone therapy
Authors: Williams Michael P.A. , Kukkar Vinita , Stemmer Melissa N. , Khurana Kamal K. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe cervical cancer screening recommendation for transgender female‐to‐male (FTM) patients is the same as that for cisgender females. A lack of literature on testosterone‐induced changes in cervical cytology in these patients may result in interpretation errors, especially without a proper clinical history. The aim of this study was to delineate the Papanicolaou (Pap) test findings in this patient population.MethodsA pathology laboratory information system was used to obtain a cohort of FTM transgender patients on testosterone therapy (2009‐2019). A cohort of age‐matched, atrophic, control cisgender female patients (postpartum or menopausal) was selected. A retrospective review of the cytomorphologic findings on cervical Pap smears, pertinent follow‐up, and human papillomavirus (HPV) test results was performed.ResultsFourteen transgender patients (age range, 21‐64 years; mean age, 42.5 years) receiving testosterone therapy with 17 Pap smears were identified. One of the 5 available HPV tests was positive for HPV, and 4 were negative. A Pap smear review revealed the following: negative for intraepithelial lesion (NILM; 82.4%), unsatisfactory (5.9%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS; 5.9%), and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (5.9%). The Pap smears of the atrophic cisgender cohort (102 patients) revealed the following: NILM (92.5%), unsatisfactory (0.9%), ASCUS (5.6%), and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (0.9%). The difference between the rates of epithelial cell abnormality in the 2 cohorts was not statistically significant. Although atrophy was noted in both groups, cytomorphologic findings of transitional cell metaplasia (TCM; 88.2%) and “small cells” (82.4%) were characteristic of the testosterone‐treated transgender cohort. Histologic correlates of TCM and small cells were noted in hysterectomy specimens from 6 patients.ConclusionsSmall cells and TCM are common cytomorphologic findings in Pap smears of testosterone‐treated transgender (FTM) patients. On the basis of histologic follow‐up, small cells most likely represent atrophic parabasal cells of cervical‐vaginal epithelium.
An evolutionary bargaining‐based approach for incentivized cooperation in opportunistic networks
Authors: Nazih Ossama , Benamar Nabil , Younis Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

SummaryOpportunistic networking enables users to communicate in an environment where connectivity is intermittent or unstable. However, such networking scheme assumes that mobile nodes voluntary cooperate, which cannot be guaranteed. Some nodes can simply exhibit selfish behavior and thus diminish the effectiveness of the approach. In this paper, a game scenario is formulated in which the nodes try to convince each other to participate in packets forwarding. Each node is considered as a player in this game. When a node comes in the communication range of another, a bargaining game starts between them as part of the message forwarding process. Both players try to have a mutual agreement on a price for message forwarding. We present a new incentive mechanism called evolutionary bargaining‐based incentive scheme (EBIS) to motivate selfish nodes to cooperate in data forwarding. In EBIS, a node negotiates with other nodes to obtain an agreeable amount of credit for its forwarding service. Nodes apply a sequential bargaining game and then adapt their strategies using an evolutionary model to maximize the probability of reaching an agreement. Unlike classical bargaining games, nodes in our model are boundedly rational. In addition, we use the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) concept to determine the adaptive strategies for the nodes. The comparison of EBIS with a benchmarked model demonstrates that EBIS performs better in terms of packet delivery ratio and average latency.