bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to choose a fuzzy similarity measure in decision-making?
Authors: Bouchon-Meunier Bernadette , Coletti Giulianella 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The paper is dedicated to the analysis of fuzzy similarity measures in uncertainty analysis in general, and in economic decision-making in particular. The purpose of this paper is to explain how a similarity measure can be chosen to quantify a qualitative description of similarities provided by experts of a given domain, in the case where the objects to compare are described through imprecise or linguistic attribute values represented by fuzzy sets. The case of qualitative dissimilarities is also addressed and the particular case of their representation by distances is presented.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach is based on measurement theory, following Tversky’s well-known paradigm.

Findings
A list of axioms which may or may not be satisfied by a qualitative comparative similarity between fuzzy objects is proposed, as extensions of axioms satisfied by similarities between crisp objects. They enable to express necessary and sufficient conditions for a numerical similarity measure to represent a comparative similarity between fuzzy objects. The representation of comparative dissimilarities is also addressed by means of specific functions depending on the distance between attribute values.

Originality/value
Examples of functions satisfying certain axioms to represent comparative similarities are given. They are based on the choice of operators to compute intersection, union and difference of fuzzy sets. A simple application of this methodology to economy is given, to show how a measure of similarity can be chosen to represent intuitive similarities expressed by an economist by means of a quantitative measure easily calculable. More detailed and formal results are given in Coletti and Bouchon-Meunier (2020) for similarities and Coletti et al. (2020) for dissimilarities.
COVID-19 and older adults in Israel – common challenges and recommendations
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield Jiska 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The impact of COVID-19 has most dramatically affected the older population, and nursing homes have become infection hotspots. As a response, governments have ordered isolation of older adults in geriatric institutions owing to the high risk of critical illness and mortality. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential impact of current policies on nursing homes and community-based care and provide suggestions for improvement in care.

Design/methodology/approach
Taking the situation in Israel as an example, the author discussed major systemic problems pertaining to long-term care facilities and to community based care; the neglect of mental health; systemic deficiencies in end of life care; and the need to revise communications concerning COVID-19.

Findings
Within each of the identified areas, recommended changes in strategy, policy and practice can help mitigate the dramatic impact of COVID-19 on the living experience of the older population.

Originality/value
Drawing on the Israeli experience, this paper presents current shortcomings in the policy response to COVID-19 regarding nursing homes and community-based care and provides recommendations that are applicable to other contexts as well. Although some of these have been suggested or even practiced in some locations, many continue to be neglected and have not been discussed even as COVID-19 continues to infect societies around the globe.
Maintaining the fight for equality through and beyond COVID-19: a focus on the build back better report and ambidextrous leadership
Authors: Smith Simon M. , Butler Steve 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the Diversity Project’s Build Back Better report, which considers leadership practice while maintaining the fight for equality through and beyond COVID-19, through the lens of ambidextrous leadership.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors succinctly present findings from the Build Back Better report that explores an industry response of investment and savings practitioners to managing diversity and inclusion through and beyond COVID-19. Ambidextrous leadership is applied to the discussion to offer greater theoretical discussion and practical consideration for HR leaders and their strategic approaches to the subject at hand.

Findings
The Build Back Better report offers numerous recommendations for leadership practice within these unprecedented times. An ambidextrous leadership approach can assist in supporting many of the recommendations, as they are complex and potentially paradoxical.

Originality/value
The Build Back Better report offers a practitioner’s immediate response to supporting business leaders shape their strategies as national lockdown periods ease while also ensuring the fight for equality is not lost within the COVID-19 crisis.
Influenza A virus protein PA‐X suppresses host Ankrd17‐mediated immune responses
Authors: Li Mai , Qi Wenbao , Chang Qing , Chen Ruohong , Zhen Danlin , Liao Ming , Wen Jikai , Deng Yiqun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) PA‐X is a critical ribonuclease protein involved in host cell shutoff but its role in modulating the host immune response to IAV infection remains to be addressed. In this study, host cellular proteins that directly interact with PA‐X were screened to investigate the biological function of PA‐X in the pathogenesis of IAV infection. The protein ankyrin repeat domain 17 (Ankrd17), a positive regulator of inflammatory responses via the retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I)‐like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway, was identified as a specific PA‐X binding partner that preferred PA‐X to the PA protein. The N‐terminal ankyrin repeats of Ankrd17 are the key domain for the interaction with PA‐X rather than PA, which is required for the function of Ankrd17 in elevating the host immune response. Using Ankrd17 knockout and overexpression, we confirmed that PA‐X significantly affected the Ankrd17‐mediated response to infection in host cells. Our data therefore reveal a novel function for PA‐X in the regulation of innate immune pathways via the interaction between PA‐X and Ankrd17.
Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: Linking ecological plant–soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
Authors: Wang Guangzhou , Bei Shuikuan , Li Jianpeng , Bao Xingguo , Zhang Jiudong , Schultz Peggy A. , Li Haigang , Li Long , Zhang Fusuo , Bever James D. , Zhang Junling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Although the importance of the soil microbiome in mediating plant community structures and functions has been increasingly emphasized in ecological studies, the biological processes driving crop diversity overyielding remain unexplained in agriculture. Based on the plant–soil feedback (PSF) theory and method, we quantified to what extent and how soil microbes contributed to intercropping overyielding.

Soils were collected as inocula and sequenced from a unique 10‐year field experiment, consisting of monoculture, intercropping and rotation planted with wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays) or faba bean (Vicia faba). A PSF greenhouse study was conducted to test microbial effects on three crops' growth in monoculture or intercropping.

In wheat & faba bean (W&F) and maize & faba bean (M&F) systems, soil microbes drove intercropping overyielding compared to monoculture, with 28%–51% of the overyielding contributed by microbial legacies. The overyielding effects resulted from negative PSFs in both systems, as crops, in particular faba bean grew better in soils conditioned by other crops than itself. Moreover, faba bean grew better in soils from intercropping or rotation than from the average of monocultures, indicating a strong positive legacy effect of multispecies cropping systems. However, with positive PSF and negative legacy benefit effect of intercropping/rotation, we did not observe significant overyielding in the W&M system.

With more bacterial and fungal dissimilarities by metabarcoding in heterospecific than its own soil, the better it improved faba bean growth. More detailed analysis showed faba bean monoculture soil accumulated more putative pathogens with higher Fusarium relative abundance and more Fusarium oxysporum gene copies by qPCR, while in heterospecific soils, there were less pathogenic effects when cereals were engaged. Further analysis in maize/faba bean intercropping also showed an increase of rhizobia relative abundance.

Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate a soil microbiome‐mediated advantage in intercropping through suppression of the negative PSF of pathogens and increasing beneficial microbes. As microbial mediation of overyielding is context‐dependent, we conclude that the dynamics of both beneficial and pathogenic microbes should be considered in designing cropping systems for sustainable agriculture, particularly including combinations of legumes and cereals.
Best practices for differentiated products demand estimation with PyBLP
Authors: Conlon Christopher , Gortmaker Jeff 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDifferentiated products demand systems are a workhorse for understanding the price effects of mergers, the value of new goods, and the contribution of products to seller networks. Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (1995) provide a flexible random coefficients logit model which accounts for the endogeneity of prices. This article reviews and combines several recent advances related to the estimation of BLP‐type problems and implements an extensible generic interface via the PyBLP package. Monte Carlo experiments and replications suggest different conclusions than the prior literature: multiple local optima appear to be rare in well‐identified problems; good performance is possible even in small samples, particularly when “optimal instruments” are employed along with supply‐side restrictions.If Python is installed on your computer, PyBLP can be installed with the following command:pip install pyblp.Up‐to‐date documentation for the package is available athttps://pyblp.readthedocs.io.
Birth by caesarean section and educational achievement in adolescents
Authors: Slykerman Rebecca F. , Li Eileen , Shackleton Nichola , Milne Barry J. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundBirth by caesarean section has been shown to alter the composition of the early infant gut microbiota and postulated to influence cognitive outcomes via the gut‐brain axis.AimsTo determine whether birth by caesarean section is associated with secondary school educational achievement.MethodsWhole‐population administrative data were used from anonymised individual level linkage of birth records to educational and health information from the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). Participants were 111 843 children born between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1998 for whom mode of delivery information was available from International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes in maternal records. The National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) is the main secondary school qualification undertaken by New Zealand students. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between mode of delivery and educational achievement. A family fixed effect analysis compared educational achievement outcomes in sibling pairs where one sibling was delivered by caesarean section and one delivered vaginally.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounders, there was no significant association between mode of delivery and achievement of university entrance (odds ratio = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.94‐1.02). NCEA percentile scores were lower in caesarean born infants (Estimate = −0.37, 95% CI: −0.69 to −0.06)). However, in the fixed effect sibling analysis caesarean section was no longer significantly associated with NCEA percentile scores.ConclusionsWe find that caesarean section is not related to educational outcomes, suggesting that even if the infant gut microbiota is altered in caesarean section, it does not appear to have a measurable impact on adolescent academic achievement.
A tumour of vascular origin in a horse
Authors: Wise J. C. , Crosby D. E. , Walton A. N. , Neef A. , Shearer P. L. , Woodward D. J. , Hilbert B. J. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryTumours of vascular origin are uncommon in horses. This report describes the surgical treatment of a large subcutaneous tumour in a Quarter Horse colt. The histopathological appearance of the mass was most consistent with a haemangioma. While these neoplasms of vascular origin are often difficult to characterise, it has been suggested that there is a continuum of types with some cases falling between the categories. Further classification of vascular tumours requires special stains and immunohistochemical techniques.
Fatigue damage cumulation in materials under random loading based on an energy model
Authors: Kurek Marta , Łagoda Tadeusz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to present a new model of fatigue damage accumulation, which is another development of Palmgren–Miner hypothesis, as well as a modification of the Serensen–Kogayev hypothesis. The authors' proposal is based on a new way of taking into account the characteristics of the material load history. The study used a new criterion based on the critical plane defined by the pure strain energy density parameter. The proposed model of damage accumulation is verified on the basis of experimental data obtained from aluminium alloy 2017A‐T4 tests under random proportional bending with torsion.
Zinc deficiency predicts overt hepatic encephalopathy and mortality in liver cirrhosis patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Miwa Takao , Hanai Tatsunori , Toshihide Maeda , Ogiso Yui , Imai Kenji , Suetsugu Atsushi , Takai Koji , Shiraki Makoto , Katsumura Naoki , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is associated with poor outcomes and the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). Zinc plays a key role in the detoxification of ammonia, a risk factor of hepatic encephalopathy. This study aimed to investigate whether zinc deficiency predicts OHE occurrence and mortality in LC patients with MHE.MethodThis retrospective study included 100 LC patients with MHE. MHE was diagnosed using a computer‐aided neuropsychiatric test. Predictors associated with the development of OHE were analyzed using the Fine–Gray competing risk regression model. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the risk factors of mortality. Survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test.ResultsOf the 100 LC patients with MHE, 41% had zinc deficiency (<60 μg/dl). Zinc deficiency was observed more frequently in the patients with reduced liver function reserve. During the median follow‐up period of 9.9 months, 16% of the patients with MHE developed OHE. The patients with zinc deficiency had a higher risk of OHE than those without zinc deficiency (p = 0.03). Zinc deficiency was also associated with poor survival (p = 0.004). Multivariate analyses showed that zinc predicts the development of OHE (subdistribution hazard ratio [HR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92–0.99; p = 0.008) and mortality (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93–0.99; p = 0.02), independently of liver function reserves.ConclusionZinc deficiency is likely to be a predictor of both OHE development and mortality in LC patients with MHE.
Incidence rates, risk factors, and outcomes of aspiration pneumonia after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Dong , Yuan Fuxiang , Ma Xiaoying , Qu Haixia , Li Yuan , Zhang Weiwei , Ma Huan , Liu Haiping , Yang Yan , Xu Lin , Gao Yuqiang , Zhan Shuhui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe risk and prognosis of aspiration pneumonia (AP) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are inconsistent among studies. We aim to estimate the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of AP in patients after gastric ESD.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge were searched for relevant articles from inception until April 2020. Data involving the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes were extracted. Pooled incidence, odds ratios (ORs), or standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsForty records involving 48 674 subjects were finally included. The pooled incidence of AP after gastric ESD was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.2–2.7) via the double arcsine transformation method and 1.6% (1.1–2.5%) via the logit transformation method. Risk factors analyses revealed that old age (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.99–3.18), comorbid pulmonary disease (2.49; 1.66–3.74), comorbid cerebrovascular disease (2.68; 1.05–6.85), remnant stomach (4.91; 1.83–13.14), sedation with propofol (2.51; 1.48–4.28), and long procedural duration (count data: 5.20, 1.25–21.7; measurement data: 1.01, 1.01–1.02) were related to the occurrence of AP. Patients with AP had a longer hospital stay (SMD, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.25–0.87) than those without AP.ConclusionsAbout 1.9% (1.2–2.7%) of the patients who receive gastric ESD may develop AP, resulting in prolonged hospital stay. More attention should be paid in patients who are older; have comorbidities such as pulmonary diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, or gastric remnant; or require a long procedural duration or deep sedation with propofol.
Empathy in Japanese paramedicine students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Beovich Bronwyn , Williams Brett 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmpathy is an important characteristic for healthcare students and professionals that may improve the quality of healthcare interactions. Empathy has predominantly been studied within medicine, but also among various allied health personnel. Within paramedicine, empathy has previously been examined internationally, but not within Japan. This study used a descriptive, cross‐sectional methodology which aimed to examine self‐reported empathy in Japanese paramedic students using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, and compare results with similar international cohorts. Empathy levels in the Japanese cohort were higher among females compared to males. In addition, there was a decrease in empathy with each subsequent year of the paramedic program, and a general decrease as age increased. This contrasts with comparable Australian cohorts which demonstrate no significant change in empathy levels during the undergraduate program. Empathy levels measured in the Japanese paramedic cohort were generally lower than for Australian cohorts. The reasons for the differences are unclear at present and thus further research in this area is required to fully determine and describe the contributing factors.
Documentation during neonatal resuscitation: a systematic review
Authors: Avila-Alvarez Alejandro , Davis Peter Graham , Kamlin Camille Omar Farouk , Thio Marta 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveAccurate documentation in healthcare is necessary for ethical, legal, research and quality improvement purposes. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of methods of documentation of delivery room resuscitations.MethodsA systematic literature search in MEDLINE was conducted to identify original studies that reported the quality of documentation records during newborn resuscitation in the delivery room. Data extracted from the studies included population characteristics, methodology, documentation protocols, use of gold standard and main results (initial assessment of heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation, respiratory support and supplementary oxygen).ResultsIn total, 197 records were screened after initial database search, of which seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were finally included in this review. Four studies were chart reviews and three studies compared conventional documentation methods with video recording. Only one study tested an intervention to improve documentation. Documentation was often inaccurate and important resuscitation events and interventions were poorly recorded. Lack of uniformity among studies preclude pooled analysis, but it seems that complex or advanced procedures were more accurately reported than basic interventions.ConclusionsThere is little literature regarding accuracy of documentation during neonatal resuscitation, but current quality of documentation seems to be unsatisfactory. There is a need for consensus guidelines and innovative solutions in newborn resuscitation documentation.
Estimating the global economic benefits of physically active populations over 30 years (2020–2050)
Authors: Hafner Marco , Yerushalmi Erez , Stepanek Martin , Phillips William , Pollard Jack , Deshpande Advait , Whitmore Michael , Millard Francois , Subel Shaun , van Stolk Christian 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesWe assess the potential benefits of increased physical activity for the global economy for 23 countries and the rest of the world from 2020 to 2050. The main factors taken into account in the economic assessment are excess mortality and lower productivity.MethodsThis study links three methodologies. First, we estimate the association between physical inactivity and workplace productivity using multivariable regression models with proprietary data on 120 143 individuals in the UK and six Asian countries (Australia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore and Sri Lanka). Second, we analyse the association between physical activity and mortality risk through a meta-regression analysis with data from 74 prior studies with global coverage. Finally, the estimated effects are combined in a computable general equilibrium macroeconomic model to project the economic benefits of physical activity over time.ResultsDoing at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, as per lower limit of the range recommended by the 2020 WHO guidelines, would lead to an increase in global gross domestic product (GDP) of 0.15%–0.24% per year by 2050, worth up to US$314–446 billion per year and US$6.0–8.6 trillion cumulatively over the 30-year projection horizon (in 2019 prices). The results vary by country due to differences in baseline levels of physical activity and GDP per capita.ConclusionsIncreasing physical activity in the population would lead to reduction in working-age mortality and morbidity and an increase in productivity, particularly through lower presenteeism, leading to substantial economic gains for the global economy.