bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of a novel cuffless self‐blood pressure monitor for atrial fibrillation screening in the elderly
Authors: Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G. , Kollias Anastasios , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Gravvani Areti , Kalogeropoulos Petros , Destounis Antonios , Stergiou George S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) monitors equipped with atrial fibrillation (AF) detection algorithm are attractive screening tools for AF in elderly hypertensives. This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a novel cuffless pocket‐size self‐BP monitor (Freescan, Maisense) equipped with an AF detection algorithm, which displays results for the detection of “AF” or “Arrhythmia” during routine BP measurement. Subjects aged >65 years or 60‐65 years with hypertension, diabetes, or cardiovascular disease were subjected to BP measurements using the Freescan device with simultaneous continuous Holter electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring. Readings with device notification “Instability” (29%) or “Error” (20%) were discarded. Data from 136 subjects with five valid Freescan BP measurements were analyzed (age 73.8 ± 7.1 years, males 63%, treated hypertensives 88%, AF in ECG 21%). Analysis of 680 Freescan readings vs ECG revealed specificity 99%, sensitivity 67%, and diagnostic accuracy 93% for AF diagnosis. When the “Arrhythmia” notification was considered as AF diagnosis, the sensitivity was improved (93%, 96%, and 93%, respectively). Analysis of AF diagnosis in subjects (diagnosis defined as at least three of five readings indicating “AF” or “Arrhythmia”) revealed specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic accuracy for AF detection at 94%, 100%, and 95%, respectively. These data suggest that the Freescan cuffless device could be used as a useful screening tool for AF detection during routine self‐measurement of BP in the elderly.
Stocking rate and organic waste type affect development of three Chrysomya species and Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Implications for bioconversion
Authors: Parry Nina Jennifer , Pieterse Elsje , Weldon Christopher William 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFly larvae can be used effectively to reduce various organic waste types and produce value‐added products, including protein as an ingredient in livestock feeds and oil for biodiesel production. However, fly development on different waste types may cause differences in growth rate and the body composition, which can further be influenced by fly species and their stocking rate. This study explored the impact of different waste types (kitchen waste, abattoir waste and swine manure) and larval stocking rate on growth and body composition of four blowfly species, Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen). First‐instar larvae (20, 50 or 100), less than 3 hr old, were placed on 100 g of each waste type. Pre‐pupal mass at commencement of post‐feeding larval dispersal, time to onset of dispersal, survival and nutrient reserves were determined for each species, stocking rate and waste type. Our results revealed that larvae fed kitchen and abattoir waste had significantly higher dry mass, crude protein and lipid content compared with those fed swine manure. Higher survival rate was observed with increasing larval stocking rate. We provide important information to guide the mass production of high‐quality nutrient‐rich larvae and recommend C. putoria, which is versatile and effective on a range of waste products, as well as high in protein and lipids. The implications for waste management are discussed.
Valuations and dynamics of negotiations
Authors: Gomes Armando 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes three‐party negotiations in the presence of externalities. We obtain a closed‐form solution for the Markov perfect equilibrium of a multilateral non‐cooperative bargaining model, yielding an equilibrium value and dynamics of negotiations that are supported by experimental studies. Players’ values are monotonically increasing (or decreasing) in the amount of negative (or positive) externalities that they impose on others. Moreover, players’ values are continuous and piecewise linear on the worth of bilateral coalitions, and are inextricably related to their negotiation strategies: the equilibrium value is the Nash bargaining solution when no bilateral coalitions form; the Shapley value when all bilateral coalitions form; or the nucleolus, when either one bilateral coalition among “natural partners” or two bilateral coalitions including a “pivotal player” form.
Pharmacological characterization of high-affinity σ1 receptor ligands with spirocyclic thienopyran and thienofuran scaffold
Authors: Schepmann Dirk , Neue Christina , Westphälinger Stefanie , Müller Christoph , Bracher Franz , Lange Carsten , Bednarski Patrick , Almansa Carmen , Friedland Kristina , Räbiger Vivien , Düfer Martina , Wünsch Bernhard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, the pharmacological properties of six spirocyclic piperidines 1–6 showing very high σ1 receptor affinity (Ki = 0.2–16 nm) were investigated.

Methods
In vitro receptor binding studies, retinal ganglion assay and in vivo capsaicin assay were used to determine the affinity, selectivity and activity. Influence on human tumour cell growth (cell lines A427, LCLC-103H, 5637 and DAN-G) was determined in different assays. The effect on the ergosterol and cholesterol biosynthesis was determined by GLC/MS analysis.

Key findings
Receptor binding studies demonstrated high selectivity for the σ1 receptor. The increased Ca2+ influx mediated by 2 and the analgesic activity of 1, 4, 5 and 6 confirm σ1 receptor antagonistic activity. Inhibition of human tumour cell growth further supports the σ1 antagonistic effects. Treatment of A427 tumour cells with 2 led to cell detachment and cell degradation. Whereas the ergosterol biosynthesis was not affected, the sterol C14-reductase, a key enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis, was weakly inhibited.

Conclusions
Due to the high selectivity, off-target effects are not expected. The antiallodynic activity underlines the clinical potential of the spirocyclic piperidines for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Due to the antiproliferative activity, the spirocyclic σ1 antagonists represent promising antitumour agents.
Potential effect of the microbial fermented feed utilization on physicochemical traits, antioxidant enzyme and trace mineral analysis in rabbit meat
Authors: Shah Assar Ali , Liu Zhiwei , Qian Chen , Wu Juanzi , Sultana Nighat , Zhong Xiaoxian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study investigated the potential effect of the microbial fermented feed utilization on physicochemical traits, antioxidant enzyme and trace mineral analysis in rabbit meat. A total of 72 six‐week‐old male rabbits were weighed and randomly divided into four groups (1) (SRKC) control; (2) (SRKP) Lactobacillus plantarum 1 × 106 cfu/g fresh weight (FW); (3) (SRKG) Pediococcus acidilactici 1 × 106cfu/g FW and (4) (SRKPG) P. acidilactici + L. plantarum 1 × 106 cfu/g FW. Performance characteristic, weekly body weight, was positively (p < .05) enhanced, while daily feed intake (DFI) and feed convention ratio (FCR) were not influenced in treatments group as compared to untreated. The water, protein, water holding capacity (WHC) and dry matter (DM) concentration were positively (p < .05) influenced, while ash, pH, lightness, redness and yellowness were not influenced in treated group as compared to untreated. The concentration of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was positively (p < .05) influenced in treatments group as compared to control. Regarding trace minerals, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were positively (p > .05) reduced in treated group as compared to untreated. It is concluded that the addition of lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum and P. acidilactici) in Hybrid pennisetum silage had a constructive influence on rabbit health performance and meat biochemistry.
Considerations in Safe to Sleep® messaging: Learning from African–American mothers
Authors: Stiffler Deborah , Matemachani Sherry Mukasa , Crane Lisa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify why African–American mothers do not tend to follow the Safe to Sleep® recommendations and to begin to identify a way to frame the Safe to Sleep® message so that African–American mothers might be more likely to follow these recommendations.DesignWe recruited African–American mothers with infants over the age of 6 months to participate in two focus groups facilitated by a community engagement manager experienced in focus group facilitation. We used ethnography to find shared patterns of behavior and beliefs in African–American women related to safe sleep.ResultsWe identified 14 concepts and formulated them into three categories: it's just easier; can't fight culture and grandma; and Effectively teaching mother. From these we were able to identify the shared value of multifaceted learning.Practice implicationsAfrican–American mothers say that they are generally aware of the Safe to Sleep® recommendations, even though the majority of mothers do not follow them. The reasons they give for not following them are that they are not comfortable doing so, they feel they are unable to do so, or find it unnecessary. Many of the mothers attempted to follow the Safe to Sleep® recommendations but abandoned the effort due to the stress of their crying infant. Trying to follow the Safe to Sleep® recommendations were stressful for the mothers, even though there was concern expressed by some that their infant could indeed suffocate or die from sudden infant death syndrome. The mothers gave suggestions on how they would change the message or the delivery of the message.
Numerical expressions of otolith shape and morphometric relationships for five fish species in tidal‐linked lagoons in the northern Arabian Sea
Authors: Qamar Nazia , Panhwar Sher Khan , Awan Khawar Parvez , Farooq Noureen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOtoliths from five fish species, including Acanthopagrus latus, Daysciaena albida, Ellochelon vaigiensis, Mugil cephalus and Mystus gulio, were used to develop numerical expressions involving otolith shape indices and morphometric parameters. A total of 342 fish specimens in lagoons (24°39′ 0N, 68°50′0E) were sampled from August 2014 to July 2015. A linear model related to fish sizes, otolith sizes and weights were applied, with estimated coefficients of determinations (r2 = 0.99–0.53). Otolith shape indices, including form factor, roundness, aspect ratio, circularity, rectangularity and ellipticity for each fish species, also were analysed. The results of the present study are the first to describe relationships between otolith dimensions, fish morphometrics and shape indices of highly valued fish species and can be an important input for further trophic modelling to study food web dynamics.
Toxic shock‐like syndrome following third molar extraction: case report
Authors: Aquino V.M. , Hildebrand J.M. , Hester J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStreptococcal toxic shock‐like syndrome (TSLS) is a rare and fatal infection associated with Streptococcus pyogens (group A streptococcus). While there are documented cases of TSLS, it is rarely observed following extraction on non‐infected wisdom teeth. We describe the diagnostic criteria and successful treatment of a case of TSLS resulting in multisystem organ failure following uncomplicated extraction of his wisdom teeth in a healthy 18‐year‐old male.
The performance of a postinduction fentanyl test in identifying severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Wu Ru , Wang Xuan , Zhuang Peijun , Zhou Zhijian , Li Yihang , Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are more sensitive to opioids. Identifying such children and reducing or even eliminating opioids are necessary but difficult. We have previously shown that patients sensitive to intraoperative fentanyl require less opioids postoperatively.AimThe objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a postinduction fentanyl test in identifying severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.MethodsA prospective, observational, assessor‐blinded study was carried out with 104 sleep study assessed children undergoing elective adenotonsillectomy. Intravenous fentanyl (1 µg/kg) was administered as a test in nonpremedicated, spontaneously breathing, sevoflurane‐induced patients before endotracheal intubation. The respiratory rates before and after fentanyl administration were studied. The primary outcome was the sensitivity and specificity of the postinduction fentanyl test in identifying severe OSAS compared with polysomnography.ResultsA postinduction fentanyl test had a likelihood ratio of 7.2 (95% CI: 3.6‐14.6) and an area under the curve value of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.821‐0.947) to identify severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The pragmatic cut‐off value for the postinduction fentanyl test was found to be 50%. Using a reduction in respiratory rate of >50%, the postinduction fentanyl test detected severe OSAS with a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 88%, a positive predictive value of 85%, and a negative predictive value of 89%.ConclusionOur study showed that a postinduction fentanyl test had good predictive value in identifying severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and early postoperative adverse respiratory events and could provide a reference for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.
The relationship between ingroup identity and Paranoid ideation among people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds
Authors: McIntyre Jason C. , Elahi Anam , Barlow Fiona Kate , White Ross G. , Bentall Richard P. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesPeople from ethnic minority groups experience higher rates of paranoid delusions compared with people from ethnic majority groups. Identifying with social groups has been shown to protect against mental health symptoms; however, no studies have investigated the relationship between social identification and paranoia in ethnic minority populations. Here, we investigated the association between British identification and paranoia in a sample of people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds living in the United Kingdom. We also assessed the role of potential mediating (self‐esteem and locus of control) and moderating (contact with White British people) factors.DesignCross‐sectional quantitative survey design.MethodsWe recruited 335 people from African and African Caribbean backgrounds who completed online self‐report measures of identification with Great Britain, self‐esteem, locus of control, positive and negative contact with White British people, and paranoia.ResultsA parallel moderated mediation model indicated that British identification was associated with lower paranoia when participants experienced primarily positive contact with White British people. British identification was associated with higher paranoia when participants had primarily negative contact with White British people. Both effects were mediated by changes in locus of control, but self‐esteem was not implicated in either pathway.ConclusionsIdentification with the majority culture is associated both positively and negatively with paranoid beliefs depending on the types of social interactions people experience. The findings have implications for preventative social prescribing initiatives and for understanding the causes of the high rates of psychosis in ethnic minority populations.Practitioner points

People from African and African Caribbean backgrounds experience high rates of paranoia, which may stem from social causes such as lack of belonging and negative social experiences.

Among people from African backgrounds living in the UK, British identification is associated with lower paranoia when people’s social experiences with White British people are positive and higher paranoia when their social experiences with White British people are negative.

It is recommended that social interventions designed to reduce paranoia in vulnerable groups foster positive social contact and community belonging, which should enhance feelings of personal control.

Understanding the complex interplay between social identity and social contact in the development of paranoia may help therapists and researchers better understand the phenomenology and risk factors of paranoid symptomology.
Revisiting predictive bias of cognitive ability tests against Hispanic American job applicants
Authors: Berry Christopher M. , Zhao Peng , Batarse Juan Carlos , Reddock Craig 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have concluded that cognitive ability tests are not predictively biased against Hispanic American job applicants because test scores generally overpredict, rather than underpredict, their job performance. However, we highlight two important shortcomings of these past studies and use meta‐analytic and computation modeling techniques to address these two shortcomings. In Study 1, an updated meta‐analysis of the Hispanic–White mean difference (d‐value) on job performance was carried out. In Study 2, computation modeling was used to correct the Study 1 d‐values for indirect range restriction and combine them with other meta‐analytic parameters relevant to predictive bias to determine how often cognitive ability test scores underpredict Hispanic applicants’ job performance. Hispanic applicants’ job performance was underpredicted by a small to moderate amount in most conditions of the computation model. In contrast to previous studies, this suggests cognitive ability tests can be expected to exhibit predictive bias against Hispanic applicants much of the time. However, some conditions did not exhibit underprediction, highlighting that predictive bias depends on various selection system parameters, such as the criterion‐related validity of cognitive ability tests and other predictors used in selection. Regardless, our results challenge “lack of predictive bias” as a rationale for supporting test use.
Coups d'état and the foreign exchange market
Authors: Balima Hippolyte Weneyam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractI empirically examine the effect of coups d'état on the foreign exchange market using a monthly panel dataset covering 150 countries over the period 1980–2015. Specifically, I investigate whether foreign exchange market's participants sanction a country following a coup d'état event by allowing depreciations of its national currency against a weighted basket of currencies of its trading partners. I combine different identification strategies and find that the occurrence of a coup d'état induces a depreciation of the nominal effective exchange rate in the coup d'état country and generates negative spillover effects on neighbouring countries. Once a coup occurs, a country level of financial buffers and the flexibility of its exchange rate regime allow reducing the magnitude of the depreciation. In addition, I provide evidence that coups also increase the likelihood of experiencing a currency crisis by about 2 percentage points in coup d'état countries compared to non‐coup d'état countries.
Postural preinspiratory cortical activity, genioglossus activity and fluid shift in awake obstructive sleep apnoea patients
Authors: Launois Claire , Nierat Marie‐Cécile , Attali Valérie , Raux Mathieu , Arnulf Isabelle , Similowski Thomas , Redolfi Stefania 
Published: November 2019

New Finding
What is the central question of this study?
Transition to supine posture induces an inspiratory load associated with cortical activation in awake healthy subjects. Some obstructive sleep apnoea patients exhibit this cortical activity in the sitting position contributing to the arousal‐dependent compensation of their upper airway abnormalities. Does a transition to the supine posture in awake obstructive sleep apnoea patients increase this cortical activity?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The transition to supine posture induces a reduction in the cortical activity despite evidence of an increase in genioglossus activity, suggesting that genioglossus activation is not driven by cortical activity.

AbstractThe anatomy and mechanical properties of the upper airway (UA) depend on posture. Lying in a supine position causes cephalad fluid shift to the neck, thus narrowing the UA and predisposing the individual to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Increased UA dilator muscle activity during wakefulness prevents the UA collapse but the underlying mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In the sitting position during wakefulness, some OSA patients exhibit preinspiratory cortical activity (preinspiratory potential, PIP) probably related to UA abnormalities. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the preinspiratory cortical activity and UA dilator muscle in OSA patients during postural challenge. An electroencephalogram was used to detect PIP, and the genioglossus electromyographic activity and ventilation were analysed in 17 awake, male OSA patients while they were sitting, just after lying down, and then in response to leg positive pressure to enhance cephalad fluid shift. The prevalence of PIP decreased from 53% (sitting) to 12% (supine) (P = 0.002) in association with increased genioglossus activity (tonic from median (25th, 75th centiles) 2.3 (1.8, 2.8)% to 3.6 (1.7, 5.0)% of voluntary deglutition, P = 0.019; phasic from 2.3 (1.9, 2.8)% to 3.7 (2.0, 6.1)%, P = 0.024), and with increased transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (from 43.0 (42.4, 44.2) to 44.6 (43.5, 45.2) mmHg). No change was observed during leg‐positive‐pressure application. Moving from the sitting position to the supine position reduces respiratory‐related premotor cortical activity in awake OSA patients. The concomitant increase in genioglossus activity, therefore, is not driven by cortical respiratory activity.
Application of a Reduced Mechanism by Computational Singular Perturbation Method to the Calculation of the Ignition Delays of a Turbulence Diffusion Flame CH4/H2/N2
Authors: Gnentedem Cyrille , Awakem David , Obounou Marcel , Ekobena Fouda Henri Paul , Njomo Donatien 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work presents an application of a reduced chemical kinetic mechanism using computational singular perturbation (CSP) based on the significant indices of the modes on the evolution of species and the degree of participation of reactions. With this approach, the mechanism of Yang and Pope is reduced to 22 reversible reactions (RR22). In this study, the tabulation of ignition delays is made with Yang and Pope mechanism, GRI 3.0, and the reduced mechanism RR22; the results obtained show a good agreement among the three mechanisms. The “Modèle Intermittent Lagrangien” (MIL) necessary to calculate the chemical source term of the transport equation of the species requires the library of ignition delays determined above and a probability density function (PDF) of the mixture fraction presumed by a beta distribution. The scalar variance, one of the key parameters for the determination of the presumed beta function, is obtained by solving its own transport equation with the unclosed scalar dissipation rate modeled using either an algebraic model or a transport equation. All these models are introduced in the computational fluid dynamics “Code-Saturne” to simulate a turbulent CH4/H2/N2 jet flame (DLR Flame A) performed at the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR), or German Aerospace Center. A set of comparisons is made and the results of simulations show a good agreement among the three mechanisms as well with the experimental data.