bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The natural aspect in the visual comfort of the architectural space of an individual house
Authors: Ilvitskaya S V , Lobkov V A , Lobkova T V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
When designing an individual apartment building, there are great requirements for the organization of comfortable living conditions. Among the necessary components of the full functioning of the dwelling should be the visual favorability of the architectural space, which is, among other things, in relation to the natural environment in all its diversity. Man is surrounded by nature, which is harmonious and unique in all respects. For this reason, there has always been and is a need to see some of this nature in the architecture of the house and other buildings. In architectural design, natural components are actively involved in enhancing aesthetic harmony. The article is devoted to the study of the role of the natural aspect in ensuring the visual comfort of the architectural environment. The work also considers the importance of the natural component for the visual perception of the architecture of the building, the interior space and the personal territory of the residential building.
The study of urban factors in the human comfort system
Authors: Cherunova I V , Kuleshova A A , Kokuashvili N B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The modern format of people’s livelihoods is characterized by pronounced trends toward concentration in large settlements. These processes relate to the processes and technologies of urbanism. One of the key human problems in urbanism is the problem of comfort. The authors developed the structure of the formation of signs of human comfort by environmental factors, structure of human interaction with the physical components of the environment under urbanism. Studies show that the thermal load on a person increases in areas of urban space, where the surfaces of structures have a high density. The authors developed the system for generating thermal comfort for design of architectural objects in high temperature. Heat loss by convection requires external air movement. The article presents new scheme the surface microstructure of small local objects (for the facade decoration, objects of restrictive structures, window decorations and additional design objects of the urban environment). Additional layers of materials include heat-storing components. The development of a variety of design solutions based on the proposed concept will allow us to solve the problems of not only comfort in urbanism, but also to form new directions in the range of functional building materials and architectural objects.
Building of alleviated territories of Vasilievsky Island
Authors: Molotkova E G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Reconstruction of coastal area has become an important topic in modern urban development. In St. Petersburg, an active project is underway to reclaim the territory off the western coast of Vasilievsky Island, during which neglected circumstances are revealed, and many criticisms of design concepts appear. It seems that major omissions are caused by the lack of due attention to the experience of urban development in St. Petersburg. The article analyzes the development of coastal area in the east of Vasilievsky Island, identifies the key points that determined the formation of the Spit ensemble during the 1800s and radical reconstruction during the 1900s.
The role of ecological and environmental approach in shaping the architectural environment for preschool education
Authors: Lamekhova N V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article considers the role of ecological and environmental approach in designing the architectural environment for preschool education based on the values of human interaction with the environment. Studying the specifics of designing the architectural environment for preschool education within the framework of the ecological and environmental approach identifies methods of the external space formation focused on children’s playing and providing educational features. The article addresses the specifics of playgrounds formation as the fundamental structural elements of the preschool institution territory for children of each age group taking into account the preschool environmental education. It identifies a range of special features of the building internal space design within the framework of environmental approach. Possible directions are identified for further development of the structural elements of the architectural environment for preschool education taking into account the improvement of efficiency of the environmental education.
Setting-up of ecological settlements to promote sustainable development of urban areas
Authors: Rastyapina O A , Ganzha O A , Prokopenko V V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Urbanization has a dual effect on the opportunities of sustainable development. On the one part, urbanization gives rise to favourable living conditions for the population, on the other part, man-induced impact on the environment and humans themselves grows because of the increased urban infrastructure and population density. Taking into account the diversity of land resources and regions in a country, it is necessary to work for the highest possible population distribution throughout the country. The adverse urbanization effect might be reduced and, consequently, sustainable development will be supported. Besides, land resources might be developed more effectively, the fact having a positive effect on the sustainability as well. The highest potential is seen in developing ecological settlement types based on rural settlements. The article demonstrates the statistical analysis of ecological settlements designed as a sustainable territorial unit. Such type of settlement contributes to the region’s economic base development while the environment factors are taken into account. Thus, in general, it facilitates the sustainable development of urban areas by means of making the population less concentrated and the man-induced impact reduced.
Plant-woven ornament as an ethno-cultural marker of the Orthodox community
Authors: Chernyh D G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The subject of scientific analysis in this research is the phenomenon of Russian woven ornament of the XI — XII centuries and its application in project design teaching. The objects of research are the monuments of decorative and applied art, book graphics, design, architectural decor and their using as sources for inspiration in the design. The characteristic features of the Russian wicker ornament were identified in the course of the design work and the basic element for further shaping was chosen as a prototype. On its basis the development of author’s woven ornaments was carried out using the stylization method. The method of constructing an ornament is combinatory: placing the base element according to the rules of symmetry. The main role for creating ornamental compositions was assigned to the module - the thickness of the weaving line, the order of overlapping weaving lines and the placement of the same type of decorative elements when creating borders, corner joints, rosettes, mesh ornaments, on the periphery of the compositional construction. The result of the design was the creation of an identity and an integral ornamental system using Russian ethno-cultural motives for the Odigitrievsky women’s monastery in Chelyabinsk.
Ozone layer destruction and ways of its recovery
Authors: Akhobadze G N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The authors analyze the process of stratospheric ozone layer destruction. The ozone layer is a protective biosphere shield. The authors identify and study the main causes of ozone sphere destruction having both natural and anthropogenic nature. The article explains a mechanism of the ozone layer depletion — this is caused by stratospheric aviation and natural sources, for example, nitric oxides, formed in the lightning channel. The authors stress an aggravating influence of nitrogen fertilizers getting into the atmosphere. They are considered to be one of the most destructive artificial pollution sources. It is pointed to the manifestation of the consequences of destructive factors in the biosphere life in the form of yield decrease in some world regions and the growth in the number of skin cancer incidence. The authors propose two compatible approaches for recovering the destroyed ozone layer. The first approach includes the use of laser emissions for the irradiation of ozone-containing atmospheric layers and ozone freezing in refrigerating machines on the Earth. The second way stipulates for the location of reflecting mirrors at the Earth orbit allowing to direct a part of solar energy to the atmosphere and generate electric discharges in the stratosphere by means of the radio waves of extra-high frequency.
Analysis of the probabilistic-temporal characteristics of wastewater of mechanical engineering enterprises
Authors: Alekseev V A , Usoltcev V P , Yuran S I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the paper, the results of studies on simulating wastewater pollutant fluxes using averaged integral functional characteristics of the pollution occurrence time are given. The main elements of the effect of the probabilistic and temporal characteristics of the industrial wastewater pollutant fluxes on the average integral functional characteristics of the analytical wastewater control have been considered. The below parameters have been determined: mean no-pollution time, mean pollution occurrence time, the pollution inflow rate, and the average amount of pollution load over the monitoring period. The dynamics of detecting pollutants using express analysis of liquid fluxes when monitoring some specific wastewater pollutants in the enterprise water treatment systems have been analyzed. The technique for estimating the average wastewater pollution load proposed by the authors has been described, which is based on evaluating the average integral characteristics of various pollutant fluxes. The calculation equations are given to determine the average pollution load imposed by certain pollutants detected by the control system over the forecasted monitoring period. The calculation equations are given to estimate the mean total no-pollution time for certain pollutants over the monitoring period.
Numerical modeling of the spread of harmful substances from gas stations
Authors: Yaremenko S A , Bakaeva N A , Garmonov K V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The spread and influence of harmful substances from gas filling stations (gas stations) on nearby buildings, taking into account the aerodynamics of wind flows, is not well investigated. Studying process of the spread of harmful substances in natural conditions causes certain difficulties. Being based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies obtained earlier, the authors performed a numerical modeling of the spread of pollutants emitted from gas stations. As well the authors analyzed influence of these pollutants on nearby buildings taking into account the flowing air flows. The results obtained from numerical modeling make it possible to assess the state of the environment at any point and at any distance from the gas station and allows us to predict the degree of influence of atmospheric air pollution on the environmental safety of residential buildings during the construction of gas stations. Using numerical simulation, it also seems possible to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of planned measures to reduce the negative impact of harmful substances from gas stations.
The role of diatomite in the cultivation of legume grasses in modified black soil models
Authors: Oznobihina A O 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the Article, the data of vegetation model experiments conducted in field conditions are analyzed. As the baseline criterion of leached black soil contamination, the criterion of ecological and toxicological content of mobile forms of high-density metals in the soil corresponding to the bottom boundary of environmental disaster areas of soil contamination was used. The assessment of the effect of diatomite in contaminated agricultural soil in plantings of yellow sweet clover and purple medic test plants was conducted according to the quantity of metal accumulated by the crop. The use of diatomite in models of soils contaminated by high-density metals contributed to the decrease of accumulation in plants of sweet clover and medic of lead by 1.1-1.3 order of magnitude, of zinc 2.5-2.8 fold, and of cadmium 1.8-2.5 fold.
Surfactants for improving the safety of oil plant equipment operation
Authors: Tyusenkov A S , Latypov O R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The phenomenon of oil acidification is explained by the accumulation in its flow of electrostatic charges formed during pumping of water-oil emulsion through lined pipelines. Negative charges are accumulated by the water phase, and positive charges are concentrated in oil. These processes occur both in pipelines lined with polymeric materials and in steel pipelines that have only external insulation. The purpose of the studies was to determine the corrosion rate of the pipe steel in the stored charge sub-commercial water having different values of pH and redox potential, as well as to evaluate the possibility of using surfactants to reduce the redistribution of electrostatic charges.
Research of eyesight contrast sensitivity for the work with displays
Authors: Kudryashov A V , Kalinina A S , Tsurkan Y O 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to determining the adaptation level of the visual system to illumination in condition of changing the surrounding field brightness arising from the dynamic control of artificial lighting in industrial premises, as well as when controlling the brightness of modern displays’ illumination. There is given a general idea of the visual system structure and retina properties and considered two consecutive mechanisms of adaptation to illumination. In the article an experimental calculation of determining the contrast threshold under conditions of complete adaptation is presented, the results of which allow us to conclude that there is no dependence of the color tone perception on brightness in a wide range of its measurements. The research materials can be used to create lighting control systems and select appropriate displays for operators of automated control systems in order to minimize the load on the organs of vision.
Reducing the natural risk of the people working in the open area by clothing based on textile operating systems
Authors: Rodicheva M V , Abramov A V , Gneusheva E M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The risk of a person’s hypothermia in the open area can be reduced by using heat-protective clothing based on textile operating systems. A method for studying unsteady heat and mass transfer in such clothes is proposed. Studies of heat and mass transfer processes in a package of traditional fabric materials and a textile operating system at an air temperature +5 °C were carried out. When doing light physical work, the efficiency of the packages is similar but the weight of the textile operating system is lower. When a human body is moistened by sweat, the textile operating system absorbs moisture better and removes it from the body, which improves the general condition of the person. With reduced physical activity the textile operating system restores the original heat-transfer properties quicker.
Use of oil sludge as a combustible additive for the production of bricks
Authors: Gorbaev A V , Gorlenko N V , Timofeeva S S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The impact of extractive industry facilities on the environment is manifested both at the construction stage and at the stage of their exploitation, and even after the exhaustion of natural resources. The relevance of this problem is becoming much higher for the oil and gas industry, where the processing and reclamation of drilling waste are of the highest importance. This makes it necessary to study possible ways of processing and obtaining useful components for the industry. We considered the most hazardous pollutant of almost all components of the natural environment of the oil and gas industry - oil sludge. We studied the possibility of its use as a secondary material resource, namely, as a combustible additive in the production of bricks to minimize anthropogenic environmental impact.
Conducting a comparative analysis of the system state options under various external influences
Authors: Romanovsky V L , Alekseeva E I , Gorina L N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the principles of increasing the sustainability of cities as a part of the campaign “My city is getting ready!” states: “Identification and study of risks, use of scenarios of existing and future risks”. The city is a complex system, “packed” with all kinds of dangers. Dangers affect all elements of this system and it is necessary to identify and monitor processes that contribute to the development of hazards into threats, i.e. conduct research, in this case, “urban risks” and learn to manage them. In our opinion, the “Tree structures” method of risk analysis may be suitable for the study of “urban risks” [14], which allows, in particular, to analyze various but interrelated situations and events in relation to the entire system within a single “tree”.
Organization of propaganda for the safe work production of a signaller and an automobile crane operator
Authors: Sevastyanov B V , Shadrin R O , Osmachko U A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Violations of the labor safety regulation and disregard of the rules concerning work performance are the main causes of industrial accidents. Labor safety propaganda should be organized at each enterprise. Propaganda teaches workers to have clearly perceived need to comply with the requirements for safe work performance, and is also an integral part of injury prevention. The paper presents the results of improving the safety of the work of the signaler and an automobile crane operator by means of promoting labor safety. The main traumatic factors for the above professions were identified. They are: the work of the machine operator, not performed at the signal of the signaler; work with a faulty safety lock, as well as work with faulty safety devices and faulty equipment; unloaded cargo at the end of work and during work breaks, excess load capacity; performance of works when there are people in the danger zone (unfenced territory), and as a result, presence of the injured person in the danger zone of the crane work; contact with electric current, in the absence of grounding of the crane. For each identified factor, a poster was developed reminding of the need to comply with labor safety rules. The developed posters were introduced into production during the operation of automobile cranes in the Izhevsk branch of Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Main Military Construction Directorate No. 7” (FGUP “GVSU No. 7”).
On the application of methods of correlation-regression analysis and fuzzy logic in the analysis of industrial injury rates
Authors: Sevastyanov B V , Shadrin R O , Lisin V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the results of applying the methods of correlation-regression analysis and fuzzy logic for analyzing the statistical information of industrial injury rates in the Udmurt Republic, and shows the stages of modeling. Correlation-regression analysis was carried out using the MS Office Excel “Data Analysis” package; processing by the Mamdani algorithm (fuzzy logic) was carried out in the Mathlab environment. For the number of workers injured with further disability per 1 working day or more and fatal outcome in the Udmurt Republic, the results of using both methods are shown. Recommendations are given on the application of a particular method in the practical activities of managing the labor protection of organizations as a whole, by type of economic activity or constituent entity of the federation. Recommendations are provided, the implementation of which will improve the accuracy and efficiency of the analysis of industrial injuries by the considered methods.
Accumulation of natural radionuclides by soil and vegetation in the South of the Tyumen region
Authors: Burlaenko V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article is focused on the results of studying the radiation condition of the soil and grassy vegetation represented by perennial grasses (meadow bluegrass, reed warbler, stonecrop, clover, sedge, timothy) in the South of the Tyumen region. The specific activity of natural radionuclides (K-40, Th-232 and Ra-226) in the profile of gray forest soil of the Nizhnetavdinsky district was established, the specific effective activity of radionuclides in the soil was calculated. Comparative analysis of the obtained results together with the data on administrative districts of the South of the Tyumen region showed that in the soil of the Nizhnetavdinsky district, specific activity of natural radionuclides exceeds the similar indicator typical for the South of the region.
Technological process of rescue operations in conditions of mass destruction. System-integrative aspect and principles of organization
Authors: Chumak S P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the presented article, the author substantiates the feasibility of using the “process approach” in organizing emergency rescue operations in the conditions of destroyed buildings and structures. It is noted that the advantage of the process approach is that it can be used when considering various solutions to typical organizational and technological problems and predicting the processes of emergency rescue operations ERO. The author emphasizes that the process of conducting the ERO should be considered as a complex hierarchical multicomponent dynamic system, the levels of which are characterized by diverse coordinating relationships and a certain subordination. Taking into account this circumstance, new principles of organizing the production process of ERO in the conditions of mass destruction are justified. Of practical importance is the possibility of applying these principles in the development of methodological approaches to optimizing emergency rescue operations ERO processes, substantiating rational technologies for their implementation. In General, the article presents a new, original approach to the organization and conduct of rescue operations, based on the account of organizational and technological features of large-scale emergencies and the results of the study of the system-integrative aspect.
Supraresilience of bio-socio-technical infrastructures
Authors: Timashev S A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper is one of the first attempts dealing with the problem of creating, providing and maintaining antifragility of systems of critical infrastructures in the wake of black-swan type biological, technological, ecological, economic or social catastrophes occurring in a municipality or territory. A synonym is offered to describe antifragility (as defined by N.N. Taleb) from a positive psychology perspective, formulating the problem as the supraresilience problem. Initial data, problems to be solved, resilience metrics, methods and tools needed for providing practical urban/regional resilience and risk management are discussed and formulated. A verbal and formal definitions of the supraresilience of bio-socio-technical infrastructures are proposed.