bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary support for using the Atypicality Scale from the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, to screen for psychosis‐spectrum disorders within a college counselling centre
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth C. , DeLuca Joseph S. , Petti Emily , Rakhshan Rouhakhtar Pamela , Schiffman Jason 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimEvidence supports the use of brief psychosis‐spectrum screeners for identifying individuals at risk for psychosis. Screening has not been well‐studied in help‐seeking college samples. This study investigated the use of the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC‐2) Atypicality Scale as a psychosis‐spectrum screening tool within a university counselling centre.MethodsAtypicality scores from the BASC‐2 were compared to interview‐based assessment, the Structured Interview for Psychosis‐risk Syndromes (SIPS), to explore associations across the measures and evaluate the scale's ability to identify individuals who meet criteria for a psychosis‐spectrum diagnosis.ResultsForty‐three participants completed the BASC‐2 and SIPS, and 23 were SIPS‐positive. Compared to the SIPS‐negative group, the SIPS‐positive group had significantly higher Atypicality scores. Exploratory results indicated that Atypicality scores identified SIPS‐positive individuals with an overall accuracy of 72% (78% sensitivity, 65% specificity).ConclusionThe Atypicality Scale may be an appropriate first‐line psychosis‐spectrum screening tool in college counselling centres.
Situational analysis of prevailing practices in the management of first‐episode psychosis in Chennai, India
Authors: Dhandapani Vijaya Raghavan , Ramachandran Padmavati , Mohan Greeshma , Chandrasekaran Sangeetha , Paul Vimala , Pattabiraman Ramakrishnan , Mohan Mohapradeep , Iyer Srividya , Rangaswamy Thara , Singh Swaran Preet 
Published: May 2020

AimThis paper aims to examine how existing mental health within the city of Chennai, India manages first‐episode psychosis, to determine lacunae and barriers in providing effective early intervention and to make appropriate recommendations to improve the care of first‐episode psychosis patients.MethodsInterviews were held with 15 health professionals to capture information on current practices and facilities available for the management of first‐episode psychosis.ResultsNo specialized clinic or services were available for individuals with first‐episode psychosis in Chennai, except one. Pharmacotherapy was the main treatment modality with psychological support to patients and families. Most common drugs used were Risperidone, Olanzapine, and Haloperidol in their recommended doses. General practitioners and paediatricians, due to inadequate training in mental health, referred patients with psychosis to mental health professionals.ConclusionsEquipping the existing mental health services to manage FEP and training all health professionals on psychosis will improve FEP management in Chennai.
Climate effects on size‐at‐age and growth rate of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Fraser River, Canada
Authors: Xu Yi , Scott Decker A. , Parken Charles K. , Ritchie Lynda M. , Patterson David A. , Fu Caihong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDecline in size‐at‐age of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) has been observed for many populations across the entire Northeast Pacific Ocean, and identifying external drivers of this decline is important for sustainable management of these ecologically, economically, and culturally valuable resources. We assessed size‐at‐age of 96,939 Chinook Salmon sampled in the Fraser River watershed (Canada) from 1969 to 2017. A broad decline in size‐at‐age was confirmed across all population aggregates of Fraser River Chinook Salmon, in particular since year 2000. By developing a novel probability‐based approach to calculate age‐ and year‐specific growth rates for Fraser River Chinook Salmon and relating growth rates to environmental conditions in specific years through a machine learning method (boosted regression trees), we were able to disentangle multi‐year effects on size‐at‐age and thus identify environmental factors that were most related to the observed size‐at‐age of Chinook Salmon. Among 10 selected environmental variables, ocean salinity at Entrance Island in spring, the Aleutian Low Pressure Index and the North Pacific Current Bifurcation Index were consistently identified as important contributors for four of the seven age and population aggregate combinations. These top environmental contributors could be incorporated into future stock assessment and forecast models to improve Chinook Salmon fisheries management under climate change.
Complete multivariate flood frequency analysis, applied to northern Algeria
Authors: Karahacane Hafsa , Meddi Mohamed , Chebana Fateh , Saaed Hamoudi A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExtreme hydrologic events are commonly described by several dependent characteristics, such as duration, volume and peak flow for floods. Traditionally in Algeria and North Africa, flood frequency analysis (FFA) is conducted as a univariate approach focusing separately on each single of flood characteristics. On the other hand, elsewhere, multivariate FFA studies have been conducted focusing on some FFA steps (especially modelling). The current study aims to consider complete multivariate FFA at‐site case studies in northern Algeria using 11 hydrometric stations. It is also among the first studies dealing with multivariate FFA in a complete way by considering all the required steps of the analysis (multivariate outliers detection, multivariate assumptions testing and copula fitting) and on datasets from Algeria. Multivariate stationarity, homogeneity and independence assumptions have been well verified before modelling. The Weibull distribution is mostly selected as margin distribution for the duration, volume and peak flow series. Frank, Clayton and Gumbel copulas are commonly selected to describe the dependence structure on the three flood pairs of variables. These findings should be interesting in water management and flood risk assessment in these regions. Combining these flood characteristics enables the design of more efficient hydraulic structures.
Borate bioactive glass prevents zoledronate‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw by restoring osteogenesis and angiogenesis
Authors: Su Zhifei , Li Jiehang , Bai Xuan , Tay Franklin R. , Zhang Min , Liang Kunneng , He Libang , Yuan He , Li Jiyao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesBisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe complication of systemic nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonate (N‐BP) administration, which leads to osteonecrosis, pain, and infection. Despite much effort, effective remedies are yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate potential recovery effect of borate bioactive glass (BBG) in vitro and in vivo.MethodsThe effect of BBG on zoledronate‐treated bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was explored by cell counting kit‐8, EdU assay, flow cytometry, alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, angiogenesis experiment, and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The preventive effect of BBG on zoledronate‐induced osteonecrosis of the jaw in rat model was examined by micro‐CT, HE staining, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsExposure of BBG to BMSCs and HUVECs increased cell proliferation and restored their osteogenesis and angiogenesis potential in vitro. The BRONJ lesions were satisfactorily repaired and bone mineral density, bone volume/tissue volume, trabecula number, OCN‐positive cells, and CD31‐positive cells were increased in the BBG‐treated groups compared with saline‐treated groups.ConclusionsExposure of BMSCs and HUVECs to BBG restores osteogenesis and angiogenesis inhibited by zoledronate. BBG successfully restores extraction socket healing of BRONJ in rat model.
Health‐related quality of life among siblings of kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Velasco Jenny , Ferraris Jorge Roberto , Eymann Alfredo , Ghezzi Lidia Florinda Rosa , Coccia Paula A. , Ferraris Verónica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStudies are increasingly recognizing health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) as a key pediatric outcome in both clinical and research settings and an essential health outcome measure to assess the effectiveness of medical treatment. However, it has not yet been studied among the healthy siblings of kidney transplant recipients. The aim of this study, therefore, is to examine HRQOL among this population. We asked the following three groups to complete a validated measure of HRQOL among children (KIDSCREEN‐52): siblings of children who had received kidney transplants (n = 50), kidney transplant recipients (n = 43), and a healthy control group (n = 84). We found that siblings of kidney transplant patients exhibited lower scores for financial resources and autonomy than kidney transplant recipients. They also served lower on physical well‐being, financial resources, autonomy, and parent relations/home life than the control group. However, they scored higher on social acceptance than kidney transplant recipients. Our study underscores the importance of assessing HRQOL in families including a child diagnosed with a chronic illness. Siblings require social and psychological support to promote coping and adaptation.
Ralstonia solanacearum preferential colonization in the shoot apical meristem explains its pathogenicity pattern in tomato seedlings
Authors: Kabyashree Kristi , Kumar Rahul , Sen Piyali , Satapathy Siddhartha S. , Ray Suvendra K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum causes a lethal bacterial wilt disease in many plants by colonizing the vascular tissues of the hosts. Upon inoculation of tomato seedlings through either leaf or root, the wilting symptoms occur first at the apical region and then proceed downward along the shoot. The systemic order of the disease initiation and progression in the host, independent of the site of pathogen inoculation, is yet to be investigated. To understand the disease progression more clearly, we have carried out a systematic study of the pathogen localization by GUS staining of inoculated tomato seedlings, at 24‐hour intervals from 0 days post‐inoculation (dpi) to 5 dpi. In both inoculation methods, pathogen colonization was observed at 1 dpi at the apical meristem as well as the cotyledon leaves, where the disease initiates. As the disease progressed, colonization by the pathogen towards the lower region of the shoot was observed. Disease consistency and pathogenicity magnitude were observed to be higher using the leaf inoculation method than the root inoculation method. Several R. solanacearum transposon‐induced mutants that were reduced in virulence by root inoculation but virulent by leaf inoculation were obtained. Using GUS staining, it was observed that these mutants were unable to localize in the shoot region when inoculated in the root. Our study indicates that the apical meristem and the cotyledon leaves are the first regions to be colonized in inoculated tomato seedlings, which might explain the disease initiation from this region.
Two androecious mutations reveal the crucial role of ethylene receptors in the initiation of female flower development in Cucurbita pepo
Authors: García Alicia , Aguado Encarnación , Garrido Dolores , Martínez Cecilia , Jamilena Manuel 
Published: May 2020

SummaryEthylene is the key regulator of sex determination in monoecious species of the family Cucurbitaceae. This hormone determines which individual floral meristems develop as female or male flowers and the female flowering transition. The sex determination genes discovered so far code for ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, but little is known about the importance of ethylene signaling components. In this paper we characterize two novel ethylene‐insensitive mutations (etr1a‐1 and etr1b) which block the female flowering transition of Cucurbita pepo; this makes plants produce male flowers indefinitely (androecy). Two missense mutations in the ethylene‐binding domain of the ethylene receptors CpETR1A or CpETR1B were identified as the causal mutations of these phenotypes by using whole‐genome resequencing. The distinctive phenotypes of single and double mutants for four etr mutations have demonstrated that the final level of ethylene insensitivity depends upon the strength and dosage of mutant alleles for at least three cooperating ETR genes, and that the level of ethylene insensitivity determines the final sex phenotype of the plant. The sex phenotype ranges from monoecy in ethylene‐sensitive wild‐type plants to androecy in the strongest ethylene‐insensitive ones, via andromonoecy in partially ethylene‐insensitive plants. The induction of female flowering transition was found to be associated with upregulation of CpACS11, CpACO2 and CpACS27, three ethylene biosynthesis genes required for female flower development. A model is proposed herein, integrating both ethylene biosynthesis and receptor genes into the genetic network which regulates sex determination in C. pepo.
Different growth kinetics in blood components and genetic analysis of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from platelet concentrates
Authors: Kozakai Moe , Matsumoto Chieko , Matsumoto Mami , Takakura Akiko , Matsubayashi Keiji , Satake Masahiro 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDIn 2014, we experienced the first isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from a platelet concentrate (PC). Thereafter, L. garvieae contamination of PCs occurred in two more cases in Japan. It is rare that bacterial contamination with uncommon strains like this species occurs frequently within a short period. Therefore, we performed a detailed analysis of the characteristics of these strains.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThree bacterial strains were identified by biochemical testing and molecular analysis. Genomic diversity was characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). To observe growth kinetics in blood components, PCs were inoculated with the three different strains.RESULTSAll three strains were identified as L. garvieae by molecular analysis. Each strain belonged to a different phylogenetic group according to MLST analysis. In the spiking trial, the three strains demonstrated differences in their final concentrations and changes in appearance of PCs.CONCLUSIONIn this study, all three L. garvieae strains were correctly identified by molecular analysis. Since the three strains were collected in different regions of Japan and belonged to different phylogenetic groups according to MLST analysis, it is suggested that L. garvieae have a wide distribution with diversity in Japan. In PCs, the three L. garvieae strains showed clear differences in growth kinetics and changes in appearance of PCs. These differences may have been the primary determinant of whether PC contamination was detected before transfusion. Moreover, L. garvieae represents an emerging foodborne bacterium that can cause transfusion‐transmitted bacteremia. Understanding our cases may help prevent bacterial contamination of blood products.
Early warning scores for detecting deterioration in adult hospital patients: systematic review and critical appraisal of methodology
Authors: Gerry Stephen , Bonnici Timothy , Birks Jacqueline , Kirtley Shona , Virdee Pradeep S , Watkinson Peter J , Collins Gary S 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an overview and critical appraisal of early warning scores for adult hospital patients.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMedline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Embase until June 2019.Eligibility criteria for study selectionStudies describing the development or external validation of an early warning score for adult hospital inpatients.Results13 171 references were screened and 95 articles were included in the review. 11 studies were development only, 23 were development and external validation, and 61 were external validation only. Most early warning scores were developed for use in the United States (n=13/34, 38%) and the United Kingdom (n=10/34, 29%). Death was the most frequent prediction outcome for development studies (n=10/23, 44%) and validation studies (n=66/84, 79%), with different time horizons (the most frequent was 24 hours). The most common predictors were respiratory rate (n=30/34, 88%), heart rate (n=28/34, 83%), oxygen saturation, temperature, and systolic blood pressure (all n=24/34, 71%). Age (n=13/34, 38%) and sex (n=3/34, 9%) were less frequently included. Key details of the analysis populations were often not reported in development studies (n=12/29, 41%) or validation studies (n=33/84, 39%). Small sample sizes and insufficient numbers of event patients were common in model development and external validation studies. Missing data were often discarded, with just one study using multiple imputation. Only nine of the early warning scores that were developed were presented in sufficient detail to allow individualised risk prediction. Internal validation was carried out in 19 studies, but recommended approaches such as bootstrapping or cross validation were rarely used (n=4/19, 22%). Model performance was frequently assessed using discrimination (development n=18/22, 82%; validation n=69/84, 82%), while calibration was seldom assessed (validation n=13/84, 15%). All included studies were rated at high risk of bias.ConclusionsEarly warning scores are widely used prediction models that are often mandated in daily clinical practice to identify early clinical deterioration in hospital patients. However, many early warning scores in clinical use were found to have methodological weaknesses. Early warning scores might not perform as well as expected and therefore they could have a detrimental effect on patient care. Future work should focus on following recommended approaches for developing and evaluating early warning scores, and investigating the impact and safety of using these scores in clinical practice.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42017053324.
Accidental poisoning, intentional self-harm and event of undetermined intent mortality over 20 years in Iceland: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Gunnarsdottir Oddny Sigurborg , Rafnsson Vilhjálmur 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe aim was to study mortality due to suicide, accidental poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths through 20 years in Iceland.DesignA population-based register study.ParticipantsIndividuals who died due to road traffic injury, suicide, accidental poisoning, event of undetermined intent and drug-related deaths in the population of Iceland during the years 1996–2015. Annual age-standardised rates were calculated, and the trend analysed by Pearson correlation and joinpoint regression.SettingThe population of Iceland framed the study material, and the data were obtained from nationwide registries for information on number of deaths and age-specific mean population in each year by gender.ResultsThe crude overall suicide rate during the last 10 years was 12.2 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 7.4 to 18.1), while the crude overall rate due to road traffic injuries was 4.6 per 100 000 persons per year (95% CI 2.0 to 8.3). Among men, suicide rates decreased, however not significantly (r(19)=−0.22, p=0.36), and for overdose by narcotics the rates increased significantly (r(19)=0.72, p<0.001) during the study period. Among women, the suicide rates increased, however not significantly (r(19)=0.35, p=0.13), for accidental poisoning, suicide and event of undetermined intent combined the rates increased significantly (r(19)=0.60, p=0.006); and the rates for overdose by sedative and overdose by narcotics both increased significantly r(19)=0.49, p=0.03, and r(19)=0.67, p=0.001, respectively.ConclusionThe suicide rates have not changed during 1996 to 2015; however, the rates for the combined accidental poisoning, suicide and event of undetermined intent increased significantly for women. The rise of the overdose rates for sedative among women and for narcotics among both genders are consistent with reports elsewhere.
Understanding the patient experience of early unplanned hospital readmission following acute care discharge: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Considine Julie , Berry Debra , Sprogis Stephanie K , Newnham Evan , Fox Karen , Darzins Peteris , Rawson Helen , Street Maryann 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo understand from a patient and carer perspective: (1) what features of the discharge process could be improved to avoid early unplanned hospital readmission (within 72 hours of acute care discharge) and (2) what elements of discharge planning could have enhanced the discharge experience.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used. Study data were collected using semi-structured interviews that were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Data related to participant characteristic were collected by medical record audit and summarised using descriptive statistics.SettingThree acute care hospitals from one health service in Australia.ParticipantsPatients who had an early unplanned hospital readmission and/or their carers, if present during the interviews and willing to participate, with patient permission.FindingsThirty interviews were conducted (23 patients only; 6 patient and carer dyads; 1 carer only). Five themes were constructed: ‘experiences of care’, ‘hearing and being heard’, ‘what’s wrong with me’, ‘not just about me’ and ‘all about going home’. There was considerable variability in patients’ and carers’ experiences of hospital care, discharge processes and early unplanned hospital readmission. Features of the discharge process that could be improved to potentially avoid early unplanned hospital readmission were better communication, optimal clinical care including ensuring readiness for discharge and shared decision-making regarding discharge timing and goals on returning home. The discharge experience could have been enhanced by improved communication between patients (and carers) and the healthcare team, not rushing the discharge process and a more coordinated approach to patient transport home from hospital.ConclusionsThe study findings highlight the complexities of the discharge process and the importance of effective communication, shared decision-making and carer engagement in optimising hospital discharge and reducing early unplanned hospital readmissions.