bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structural Characterisation of an N‐Phosphanyl Ferrocene Carboxamide and its Ruthenium, Rhodium and Palladium Complexes
Authors: Navrátil Michal , Císařová Ivana , Alemayehu Adam , Škoch Karel , Štěpnička Petr 
Published: June 2020

Abstract[((Diphenylphosphanyl)amino)carbonyl]ferrocene (1) has been synthesized and coordinated to light platinum metals, ruthenium, rhodium and palladium, in diverse coordination modes. Specifically, compound 1 was used to prepare the following phosphane complexes, [(η6‐mes)RuCl2(1‐κP)], [(η5‐C5Me5)RhCl2(1‐κP)], trans‐[PdCl2(1‐κP)2], and [(LNC)PdCl(1‐κP)] (mes=mesitylene, LNC=[2‐(dimethylamino‐κN)methyl]phenyl‐κC1). They were subsequently converted into cationic O,P‐chelate complexes by halide abstraction with AgClO4 and into neutral O,P‐chelate complexes by deprotonation with potassium tert‐butoxide. All coordination compounds and phosphane chalcogenides 1E (P‐bound chalcogen atom E=O, S and Se), which were also synthesised, were structurally characterised using spectroscopic methods (IR, multinuclear NMR and ESI MS) and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The electrochemical behaviour of the prepared compounds was studied by cyclic voltammetry, and the (LNC)Pd‐1 complexes were further studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Agronomic optimal plant density for semiupright cowpea as a second crop in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Soratto Rogério P. , Matoso Aline O. , Gilabel Amanda P. , Fernandes Fabiana M. , Schwalbert Rai A. , Ciampitti Ignacio A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivars with high yield potential and suitable plant architecture for mechanized harvesting have recently shown a growing interest to be cultivated as a second crop in fall–winter season of southeastern Brazil. The agronomic optimal plant density (AOPD) is one of the main management factors defining attainable yield. However, in the scientific literature for semiupright cowpea cultivars grown in fall–winter season in southeastern Brazil the AOPD is not yet clearly defined. A 3‐yr study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five plant densities (100,000–500,000 plants ha−1) on growth, seed yield and its components for two cowpea cultivars (BRS Guariba and BRS Novaera) in Botucatu, southeastern Brazil. The AOPD for cowpea increased as the attainable yield improved. The increase in plant density promoted increases in leaf area index (LAI) and the position (measured in height) of the first pod insertion for cowpea plants, but negatively affected per‐plant scale surviving rate, leaf area, aboveground dry matter (DM), and yield resulting from intraspecific competition. Maximum cowpea seed yields were achieved with AOPD ranging from 216,630 to 290,537 plants ha−1 (8–24% greater than under the lowest plant density). On average, 259,000 plants ha−1 was estimated for the AOPD to achieve maximum seed yield of semiupright cowpea grown as a second crop in fall–winter season in southeastern Brazil.
Long‐term changes in bat activity in Quebec suggest climatic responses and summer niche partitioning associated with white‐nose syndrome
Authors: Faure‐Lacroix Julie , Desrochers André , Imbeau Louis , Simard Anouk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn North America, the greatest and most sudden threat to hibernating bats is white‐nose syndrome (WNS), which has caused massive declines in populations since 2006. Other determinants of bat dynamics, such as the climate, and the effect of reduction in the number of individuals sharing foraging space and summer roosting habitat may have an effect on population dynamics. We analyzed transect acoustic bat surveys conducted with ultrasonic detectors in 16 regions in Quebec, Canada, between 2000 and 2015. We used piecewise regression to describe changes in activity over time for each species and a meta‐analytic approach to measure its association with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). As expected, mouse‐eared bat (Myotis spp.) activity sharply declined after the onset of WNS, down by 79% after 3 years. In contrast, big brown/silver‐haired bat activity increased over the same period, possibly due to a release of competition. Hoary bats and red bats remained present, although their activity did not increase. Myotis activity was positively correlated with a one‐year lag to the NAO index, associated with cold conditions in winter, but warm autumns. Big brown/silver‐haired and hoary bats were also more active during NAO‐positive years but without a lag. We conclude that combinations of threats may create rapid shifts in community compositions and that a more balanced research agenda that integrates a wider range of threats would help better understand and manage those changes.
Evidence of capacitation in the parasitoid wasp,Nasonia vitripennis,and its potential role in sex allocation
Authors: Jones Alun R. C. , Mallon Eamonn B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe allocation of resources to the production of one sex or another has been observed in a large variety of animals. Its theoretical basis allows accurate predictions of offspring sex ratios in many species, but the mechanisms by which sex allocation is controlled are poorly understood. Using previously published data, we investigated whether alternative splicing, combined with differential gene expression, was involved with sex allocation in the parasitoid wasp,Nasonia vitripennis. We found that sex allocation is not controlled by alternative splicing but changes in gene and transcript‐specific expression, which were identified to be involved with oviposition, were shown to be similar to those involved in sperm motility and capacitation. Genes involved in cholesterol efflux, a key component of capacitation, along with calcium transport, neurotransmission, trypsin, and MAPKinase activity were regulated in ovipositing wasps. The results show evidence for regulation of sperm motility and of capacitation in an insect which, in the context of the physiology of theN. vitripennisspermatheca, could be important for sex allocation.
Biospeckle‐characterization of hairy root cultures using laser speckle photometry
Authors: Schott Carolin , Steingroewer Juliane , Bley Thomas , Cikalova Ulana , Bendjus Beatrice 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMonitoring is indispensable for the optimization and simulation of biotechnological processes. Hairy roots (hr, plant tissue cultures) are producers of valuable relevant secondary metabolites. The genetically stable cultures are characterized by a rapid filamentous growth, making monitoring difficult with standard methods. This article focuses on the application of laser speckle photometry (LSP) as an innovative, non‐invasive method to characterize Beta vulgaris (hr). LSP is based on the analysis of time‐resolved interference patterns. Speckle interference patterns of a biological object, known as biospeckles, are characterized by a dynamic behavior that is induced by physical and biological phenomena related to the object. Speckle contrast, a means of measuring the dynamic behavior of biospeckles, was used to assess the biospeckle activity. The biospeckle activity corresponds to processes modifying the object and correlates with the biomass growth. Furthermore, the stage of the cultures’ physiological development was assessed by speckle contrast due to the differentiation between active and low active behavior. This method is a new means of monitoring and evaluating the biomass growth of filamentous cultures in real time. As a potential tool to characterize hairy roots, LSP is non‐invasive, time‐saving, can be used online and stands out for its simple, low‐cost setup.
Heterotic performance of the main yield traits in different types of Indica hybrid rice
Authors: Huang ZhiYuan , Lv QiMing , Xin YeYun , Yuan LongPing , Fu XiQin , Zhu LiHuang , Wang ZhiLong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo‐line hybrid rice with high efficiency and yield was successfully and widely being planted in China. HHZ is an elite inbred rice which is widely cultivated in Southern China. The latest developed engineered hybrid is promising for the future of hybrid rice breeding and production. In order to explore its heterosis performance, the main yield traits of two different groups of hybrid rice varieties and a inbred variety were investigated, specifically: (1) a large‐scale extension of high‐yield varieties of two‐line hybrid rice and their parents (restorer lines), (2) a new generation of hybrid rice created by genetic engineered with HHZ as a background genome and its parental lines, and (3) a inbred indica rice variety, HHZ. We postulate that the performance of the main yield traits of genetically engineered hybrid rice may be better than that of commercial high‐yielding hybrid rice in the same paddy field. To test our assumption, field experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of the main yield traits in the different types of hybrid rice and to compare and analyze the differences of the yield heterosis traits. The hybrid rice varieties showed obvious high‐parent heterosis for effective panicle number (EPN) per hill, grain number per panicle (GNP), seed set rate (SSR), and harvest index (HI), but high‐parent heterosis for the 1000‐grain weight (KGW) was negative. Standard heterosis for GNP and KGW was found in the hybrid rice varieties, and the standard heterosis for EPN, SSR, and HI was negative. The grain number per panicle (GNP) is the largest contributor to heterotic performance. The genetically engineered hybrid rice showed similar heterotic performance to but not greater than that of two‐line hybrid rice varieties. This study provides important insights for the breeding, cultivation, and popularization of different types of hybrid rice varieties.
Biologically active components in by‐products of food processing
Authors: Galali Yaseen , Omar Zagros A. , Sajadi S. Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFood by‐products happen at various stages of production and processing at home and on commercial scales. In the recent years, because of the fast‐growing food companies and production, food processing by‐products have gained a lot of interest and attracted many technical and health professionals as well as policy makers internally and internationally. Also, concerns are increasing about food by‐products due to their ecological and environmental impact on the planet. This is particularly of concern when large companies emit. Large quantities of food by‐products are thrown into environment in which they can be exploited technically, medicinally, and pharmaceutically. This is due to their chemical component and biologically active compounds of the by‐products. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on the food by‐product biological compounds present in different parts of the food products, particularly in some common foods such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy products, meat, eggs, nuts, coffee, and tea. Moreover, the review also explains the kind of biologically active compounds and their quantity not just in edible foods, but also in part and types of the by‐product which then can be reused and recycled into different processes in order to extract and get benefit from.
Predictive value of computed tomography in identifying extranodal extension in human papillomavirus‐positive versus human papillomavirus‐negative head and neck cancer
Authors: Yan Flora , Byun Young J. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Stalcup Seth T. , Day Terry A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPathologic extranodal extension (pENE) impacts treatment planning and is an important prognostic indicator for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Computed tomography (CT) is a commonly used modality for assessment of radiographic ENE (rENE). To determine the predictive value of CT‐identified rENE in predicting pENE, we performed a systematic review through a search of 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and OVID). Meta‐analysis of diagnostic performance based on human papillomavirus (HPV) status was conducted. For HPV‐negative HNSCC, pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 60.6%, 93.3%, and 82.6%, respectively. Overall positive predictive value (PPV) was 82.7%. For HPV‐positive HNSCC, pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 77.7%, 72.2%, and 63.8%, respectively. Overall PPV was 68.6%. Significant differences were observed in diagnostic performance parameters between the two cohorts. The radiographic characteristics of HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative nodal metastases in HNSCC differ and radiographic evaluation of ENE in HPV‐positive nodes is challenging. Development of refined imaging characteristics of HPV‐positive nodes is needed to improve diagnostic performance.
Lack of Augmenter of Liver Regeneration Disrupts Cholesterol Homeostasis of Liver in Mice by Inhibiting the AMPK Pathway
Authors: Wang Xin , Dong Ling‐yue , Gai Qu‐jing , Ai Wei‐lun , Wu Yuan , Xiao Wei‐chun , Zhang Jing , An Wei 
Published: June 2020

It is well known that excessive cholesterol accumulation within hepatocytes deteriorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) has been reported to alleviate NAFLD through anti‐apoptosis; however, whether ALR could protect liver from cholesterol‐induced NAFLD remains unclear. Mice with heterozygous deletion ofGfer(the gene for ALR,Gfer+/−) were generated, and liver steatosis was induced by either choline‐deficient ethionine‐supplemented, methionine choline–deficient diet for 4 weeks, or high‐fat diet for 16 weeks. The results showed thatGfer+/−mice developed a more severe fatty liver phenotype thanGfer+/+mice. The livers ofGfer+/−mice exhibited a higher concentration of cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein compared with the normal mice. Transcriptome‐based analysis predicts low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) primarily involved in the metabolic pathway. The experiments further indicate that cholesterol accumulation within hepatocytes is closely associated with enhancing the expression of LDLR and activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2). Because adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical regulator of SREBP2 activation, we measured whether the activity of AMPK was regulated by ALR. We found that knockdown ofALRexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of LKB1, an upstream activator of AMPK, followed by AMPK inactivation and SREBP2 maturation/nuclear translocation, leading to extensive cholesterol accumulation. Meanwhile, cellular oxidative stress increased as a result of ALR knockdown, indicating that ALR might also have a role in suppressing reactive oxygen species production.Conclusion: Our results confirm that ALR regulates cholesterol metabolism and alleviates hepatic steatosis probably through the LKB1‐AMPK‐SREBP2‐LDLR pathwayin vivoandin vitro, providing a putative mechanism for combating fatty liver disease.
Altered hippocampal centrality and dynamic anatomical covariance of intracortical microstructure in first episode psychosis
Authors: Makowski Carolina , Lewis John D. , Khundrakpam Budhachandra , Tardif Christine L. , Palaniyappan Lena , Joober Ridha , Malla Ashok , Shah Jai L. , Bodnar Michael , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Evans Alan C. , Lepage Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHippocampal circuitry has been posited to be fundamental to positive symptoms in psychosis, but its contributions to other factors important for outcome remains unclear. We hypothesized that longitudinal changes in the hippocampal circuit and concomitant changes of intracortical microstructure are altered in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients and that such changes are associated with negative symptoms and verbal memory. Longitudinal brain scans (2–4 visits over 3–15 months) were acquired for 27 FEP and 29 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Quantitative T1 maps, sensitive to myelin content, were used to sample the microstructure of the hippocampal subfields and output circuitry (fimbria, alveus, fornix, mammillary bodies), and intracortical regions. Dynamic anatomical covariance in pair‐wise regional trajectories were assessed for each subject, and graph theory was used to calculate a participation coefficient metric that quantifies the similarity/divergence between hippocampal and intracortical microstructure. The mean participation coefficient of the hippocampus was significantly reduced in FEP patients compared with controls, reflecting differences in output hippocampal regions. Importantly, lower participation coefficient of the hippocampal circuit was associated with worse negative symptoms, a relationship that was mediated by changes in verbal memory. This study provides evidence for reduced hippocampal centrality in FEP and concomitant changes in intracortical anatomy. Myelin‐rich output regions of the hippocampus may be an important biological trigger in early psychosis, with cascading effects on broader cortical networks and resultant clinical profiles.
“That makes all the difference”: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health‐seeking on social media
Authors: Carlson Bronwyn , Frazer Ryan , Farrelly Terri 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIssue AddressedLittle is known about the complex relationships between Australian Indigenous people's use of social media and “health‐seeking” – seeking help for issues related to health and well‐being. This paper has emerged from a broader sociological research project focusing on the help‐seeking and help‐giving practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people on social media, specifically aiming to unlock its potential to create vital and creative connections between help‐seekers and help‐givers.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 52 Indigenous Facebook users from five sites across Australia.ResultsThe use of grounded theory and Indigenous‐centred methodologies for analysis showed clearly that users draw on the connections made possible through Facebook to health‐seek. We identify five primary health‐seeking strategies that differ in form, purpose and directness: soliciting health‐related information, gaining emotional support, producing social health‐seeking collectives, engaging in motivational and “eudaimonic” content, and connecting with formal health sources.ConclusionWhile far from being a panacea to health disparities, these findings show that Facebook does provide unique opportunities for many Indigenous help‐seekers and help‐givers in times of need.So What?Social media offers pathways for health‐seeking both beyond and outside the dominant western biomedical models of public health promotion. These already‐existing pathways should be considered by people working on social media public health promotion campaigns for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
Risk stratification in breast cancer screening: Cost‐effectiveness and harm‐benefit ratios for low‐risk and high‐risk women
Authors: Sankatsing Valérie D. V. , van Ravesteyn Nicolien T. , Heijnsdijk Eveline A. M. , Broeders Mireille J. M. , de Koning Harry J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn mammography screening programmes, women are screened according to a one‐size‐fits‐all principle. Tailored screening, based on risk levels, may lead to a better balance of benefits and harms. With microsimulation modelling, we determined optimal mammography screening strategies for women at lower (relative risk [RR] 0.75) and higher (RR 1.8) than average risk of breast cancer, eligible for screening, using the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of current uniform screening in the Netherlands (biennial [B] 50‐74) as a threshold ICER. Strategies varied by interval (annual [A], biennial, triennial [T]) and age range. The number of life‐years gained (LYG), breast cancer deaths averted, overdiagnosed cases, false‐positive mammograms, ICERs and harm‐benefit ratios were calculated. Optimal risk‐based screening scenarios, below the threshold ICER of €8883/LYG, were T50‐71 (€7840/LYG) for low‐risk and B40‐74 (€6062/LYG) for high‐risk women. T50‐71 screening in low‐risk women resulted in a 33% reduction in false‐positive findings, a similar reduction in costs and improved harm‐benefit ratios compared to the current screening schedule. B40‐74 in high‐risk women led to an increase in screening benefit, compared to current B50‐74 screening, but a relatively higher increase in false‐positive findings. In conclusion, optimal screening consisted of a longer interval and lower stopping age than current uniform screening for low‐risk women, and a lower starting age for high‐risk women. Extending the interval for women at lower risk from biennial to triennial screening reduced harms and costs while maintaining most of the screening benefit.
STED nanoscopy of KK114‐stained pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Lucidi Massimiliano , Hristu Radu , Nichele Lorenzo , Stanciu George A. , Tranca Denis E. , Holban Alina Maria , Visca Paolo , Stanciu Stefan G. , Cincotti Gabriella 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuper‐resolution microscopy techniques can provide answers to still pending questions on prokaryotic organisms but are yet to be used at their full potential for this purpose. To address this, we evaluate the ability of the rhodamine‐like KK114 dye to label various types of bacteria, to enable imaging of fine structural details with stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED). We assessed fluorescent labeling with KK114 for eleven Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial species and observed that this contrast agent binds to their cell membranes. Significant differences in the labeling outputs were noticed across the tested bacterial species, but importantly, KK114‐staining allowed the observation of subtle nanometric cell details in some cases. For example, a helix pattern resembling a cytoskeleton arrangement was detected in Bacillus subtilis. Furthermore, we found that KK114 easily penetrates the membrane of bacterial microorganism that lost their viability, which can be useful to discriminate between living and dead cells.
Inside Cover: Efficient and cost‐effective 3D cellular imaging by sub‐voxel‐resolving light‐sheet add‐on microscopy
Authors: Zhao Fang , Yang Yicong , Li Yi , Jiang Hao , Xie Xinlin , Yu Tingting , Wang Xuechun , Liu Qing , Zhang Hao , Jia Haibo , Liu Sheng , Zhen Mei , Zhu Dan , Gao Shangbang , Fei Peng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA type of compact and cost‐effective light‐sheet imaging device, termed sub‐voxel‐resolving light‐sheet add‐on module (SLAM), is developed to cooperate with conventional 2D epifluorescence microscope, allowing high‐contrast, resolution‐improved 3D imaging of various biological samples at high throughput.Further details can be found in the article by Fang Zhao, Yicong Yang, Yi Li, et al. (e201960243).
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