bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First interventional exchange of a left transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation lead from the novel remedē system
Authors: Gutleben Klaus‐Jürgen , Eitz Thomas , Westlund Randy , Gummert Jan F. , Sommer Philipp , Fox Henrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe remedē system is a novel fully implantable transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (TPNS) device developed to treat central sleep apnea. No information is published on how to explant or replace its leads. An eighty‐one year‐old had a fractured lead and we removed it over a wire. However, unbreachable resistances occurred with a new lead deployed over the enclosed wire and interventional endovascular techniques were performed to reimplant a new fully functioning system. This first report demonstrates TPNS lead exchange is possible but can be challenging. Interventional maneuvers and techniques, including balloon angioplasty, can facilitate this procedure.
Mimicry genes reduce pre‐adult survival rate in Papilio polytes: A possible new mechanism for maintaining female‐limited polymorphism in Batesian mimicry
Authors: Katoh Mitsuho , Tatsuta Haruki , Tsuji Kazuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBatesian mimicry, in which harmless organisms resemble unpalatable or harmful species, is a well‐studied adaptation for predation avoidance. The females of some Batesian mimic species comprise mimetic and nonmimetic individuals. Mimetic females of such polymorphic species clearly have a selective advantage due to decreased predation pressure, but the selective forces that maintain nonmimetic females in a population remain unclear. In the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polytes, female polymorphism is controlled by the H (mimetic) and h (nonmimetic) alleles at a single autosomal locus. Here, we examined whether the dominant H allele has a deleterious effect on the pre‐adult survival rate (egg‐to‐adult emergence rate). We repeated an assortative mating‐like treatment—that is breeding of males and females whose mothers had the same phenotype (mimetic or nonmimetic)—for three consecutive generations, while avoiding inbreeding. Results showed that pre‐adult survival rate decreased over generations only in lines derived from mothers with the mimetic phenotype (hereafter, mimetic‐assorted lines). This lowered survival was due to an increased mortality at the final instar larval stage and the pupal stages. Interestingly, the pre‐adult mortality in the mimetic‐assorted lines seemed to be associated with a male‐biased sex ratio at adult emergence. These results suggest that the dominant H allele displays a mildly deleterious effect that is expressed more strongly in females and homozygous individuals than in heterozygous individuals. We propose that this cost of mimicry in larval and pupal stages contributes to the maintenance of female‐limited polymorphism in P. polytes.
Oviposition and development response of perilla seed bugs (Nysius sp.) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) to five crop seeds
Authors: Maharjan Rameswor , Yoon Youngnam , Jang Yunwoo , Jeong Mihye , Jung Tae‐Wook , Ha Tae J. , Park Jae E. , Cho Hyun S. , Yi Hwijong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe perilla seed bugs, Nysius plebeius Distant and Nysius hidakai Nakatani, are emerging pests of perilla crop in Korea. Here, we investigated the life‐history variables of N. plebeius and N. hidakai on five commonly grown crop seeds: perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.], sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)], proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) and foxtail millet (Setaria italic L.). Bug oviposition, total developmental period, adult emergence, adult longevity and adult weight of both Nysius species were determined in both choice and no‐choice tests. The oviposition and development periods of N. plebeius and N. hidakai varied significantly among seed species. The most preferred seed species for oviposition were perilla seeds, followed by sesame, sorghum and foxtail millet, whereas proso millet seeds were the least preferred. The bugs development period was faster in perilla seeds, with higher adult emergence, greater adult longevity and heavier adult weight. The higher oviposition preference and faster development with longer longevity of both Nysius species on perilla seeds is probably due to the physicochemical and nutritional attributes of the seeds. This information may enable the exploration of resistant genetic materials and chemical traits associated with seeds for breeding programme. Further, the outcomes of this study are discussed in terms of bug's behavioural response to crop seeds and management strategy of Nysius species as alternative to chemical management.
Review on low‐temperature heat pump drying applications in food industry: Cooling with dehumidification drying method
Authors: Uthpala T. G. G. , Navaratne S. B. , Thibbotuwawa Amila 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMoisture content of food material is a key factor influencing the quality of storage and extending the quality of a food product. Manufacturers develop new technologies to process sensitive food materials to supply new products with improved properties and high quality. The process in which the air is cooled sensibly while the moisture is removed from food is called cooling with dehumidification process. The system fundamentally acts as a heat pump, which pumps the heat from the dehumidified air to a different air stream in another area, with the aid of a refrigerant gas to carry the heat. This article reviews the potential of low‐temperature heat pump dehumidifier drying used in the food industry. Moreover, this describes the principle of cooling with dehumidification (CWD) process, the importance of studying psychrometric charts to understand CWD process, measures used in identify energy efficiency, comparison of this method over common dryers, applications, advantages and limitations of the CWD drying method.Practical applicationsMultiple measures have been taken to increase the drying efficiency of convection drying, especially by the application of cooling with dehumidified techniques. This drying technique has comparably higher energy efficiency, better and consistent product quality and the ability to control drying temperature and humidity over other conventional methods. Low‐temperature heat pump dryers are used increasingly applications in the food industry for the drying of grains, fruits, vegetables, herbs, spices, fish, meat, pet foods, and other heat‐sensitive food products in several countries.
Effectiveness of application of carbon‐fibre polymer‐fabric resistive heating compared with forced‐air warming to prevent unintentional intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing elective abdominal operations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Zhihui , Inman Chris , Waters David , Dee Philip 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnintentional intraoperative hypothermia was regarded as a common intraoperative symptom with serious complications. The active warming strategies of forced‐air warming (FAW) and carbon‐fibre polymer‐fabric resistive heating were considered to be effective interventions for preventing hypothermia. However, the effectiveness of them was not reported consistently.AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of carbon‐fibre polymer‐fabric resistive heating compared with FAW in preventing hypothermia in patients undergoing elective surgeries.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA rigorous systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis reporting checklist. Searching strategy was undertaken on the electronic databases of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Medical Literature Retrieval Service. The assessment of study quality was performed through risk of bias of Cochrane handbook of systematic review of interventions. Data synthesis was conducted through meta‐analysis with sensitive analysis. The quality of evidence was graded using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsA total of five randomised controlled trials with 282 patients undergoing elective surgeries were included in the quantitative synthesis. Four studies concluded that FAW was as effective as carbon‐fibre polymer‐fabric resistive heating in preventing hypothermia. However, one study yielded a different conclusion that the efficacy of FAW was superior to carbon‐fibre polymer‐fabric resistive heating with small incidence of hypothermia. Meta‐analysis found that FAW was more effective than carbon‐fibre polymer‐fabric resistive heating in preventing hypothermia.ConclusionsIn the elective abdominal surgery, carbon‐fibre polymer‐fabric resistive heating was less effective than FAW on the prevention of hypothermia. However, hypothermia still occurred in the FAW group. It was more objective to assess the efficacy of warming technology combining the incidence of hypothermia and the core body temperature together, which was suggested for further research.
CAD/CAM Complete Denture Systems and Physical Properties: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Baba Nadim Z. , Goodacre Brian J. , Goodacre Charles J. , Müller Frauke , Wagner Stephen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeCAD/CAM complete dentures have increased in popularity and a wide variety of systems are currently available. These prostheses present many advantages for clinicians, technicians and patients. Subtractive manufacturing is used by most of the available systems while a few manufacturers use an additive manufacturing technique. This article describes the currently available systems and materials available for the fabrication of CAD/CAM complete dentures and reviews the literature relative to their physical properties.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was completed to enumerate the currently available techniques to fabricate CAD/CAM complete dentures and discuss their physical properties. A search of English language peer‐reviewed literature was undertaken using MEDLINE and PubMed on research articles published between 2000 and 2019. A hand search of relevant dental journals was also completed.ResultsThe literature indicates the physical properties of CAD/CAM milled poly(methylmethacrylate) or PMMA as it is commonly described is superior to conventionally processed PMMA for the fabrication of complete dentures.ConclusionThe incorporation of CAD/CAM technology into complete denture design and fabrication streamlines the clinical and laboratory processes and provides improved physical properties that enhance denture quality.
Junior doctor perceptions of education and feedback on ward rounds
Authors: Modak Maitreyi B , Gray Amy Z 
Published: August 2020

AimThe literature suggests that feedback is wanted and needed in clinical medicine and specifically on ward rounds, yet it is often lacking. This study aimed to examine junior doctor perceptions of education and feedback on ward rounds in one clinical department at a tertiary paediatric hospital and the key influences on these perceptions.MethodsSix semi‐structured focus groups were conducted over a period of 9 months comprising of 20 participants (post‐graduate year 1–5) in a general medical department of a tertiary paediatric hospital. Qualitative analysis was performed on focus group transcripts using an inductive approach and codes and themes were generated in an iterative fashion with checking of themes between two researchers.ResultsFeedback experiences were largely positive compared to previous rotations. Three overarching themes were identified which influenced trainee perceptions of education and feedback on ward rounds. These were: consultant influences (e.g. educational engagement), trainee influences (e.g. active seeking of feedback), and structural factors (e.g. organisational constraints).ConclusionsDespite positive feedback experiences, the need to improve feedback for our junior doctors is clear, but how to do this remains challenging when navigating work‐learning tensions. The notion of the educational alliance between the consultant and trainee is a potential useful solution, but it requires deliberate effort and dedicated time to establish given our increasingly complex and busy clinical environments.
Dislocations
Authors: Fernández‐Sánchez Javier , Ott Dennis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDislocation is a kind of construction in which a phrasal constituent (the dislocate) appears at the outer left or right edge of a gap‐less clause (its host) that contains a pronominal correlate of the dislocate. Dislocations are widely attested and presumably universally available across languages. The construction raises a number of problems for core assumptions of syntactic theory, in that these assumptions appear to thwart any coherent resolution of the question of how the dislocate relates to the internal structure of its host. This contribution is divided into two parts. In Part 1, we review central empirical properties of dislocation, which, taken together, appear to defy the laws of syntax as commonly assumed. In Part 2, we review key proposals that have emerged over the last decennia to resolve this paradox and restore dislocations to normalcy.
Cytokinin response induces immunity and fungal pathogen resistance, and modulates trafficking of the PRR LeEIX2 in tomato
Authors: Gupta Rupali , Pizarro Lorena , Leibman‐Markus Meirav , Marash Iftah , Bar Maya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlant immunity is often defined by the immunity hormones: salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). These hormones are well known for differentially regulating defence responses against pathogens. In recent years, the involvement of other plant growth hormones such as auxin, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinins (CKs) in biotic stresses has been recognized. Previous reports have indicated that endogenous and exogenous CK treatment can result in pathogen resistance. We show here that CK induces systemic immunity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), modulating cellular trafficking of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) LeEIX2, which mediates immune responses to Xyn11 family xylanases, and promoting resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Oidium neolycopersici in an SA‐ and ET‐dependent mechanism. CK perception within the host underlies its protective effect. Our results support the notion that CK promotes pathogen resistance by inducing immunity in the host.
The morphogenesis of fast growth in plants
Authors: Wade Ruth N. , Seed Patrick , McLaren Eleanor , Wood Ellie , Christin Pascal‐Antoine , Thompson Ken , Rees Mark , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: August 2020

Summary

Growth rate represents a fundamental axis of life history variation. Faster growth associated with C4 photosynthesis and annual life history has evolved multiple times, and the resulting diversity in growth is typically explained via resource acquisition and allocation. However, the underlying changes in morphogenesis remain unknown.

We conducted a phylogenetic comparative experiment with 74 grass species, conceptualising morphogenesis as the branching and growth of repeating modules. We aimed to establish whether faster growth in C4 and annual grasses, compared with C3 and perennial grasses, came from the faster growth of individual modules or higher rates of module initiation.

Morphogenesis produces fast growth in different ways in grasses using C4 and C3 photosynthesis, and in annual compared with perennial species. C4 grasses grow faster than C3 species through a greater enlargement of shoot modules and quicker secondary branching of roots. However, leaf initiation is slower and there is no change in shoot branching. Conversely, faster growth in annuals than perennials is achieved through greater branching and enlargement of shoots, and possibly faster root branching.

The morphogenesis of fast growth depends on ecological context, with C4 grasses tending to promote resource capture under competition, and annuals enhancing branching to increase reproductive potential.
Serum vitamin D level is associated with smell dysfunction independently of aeroallergen sensitization, nasal obstruction, and the presence of allergic rhinitis in children
Authors: Shin Youn Ho , Ha Eun Kyo , Kim Ju Hee , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Seung Won , Sim Hyeon Jeong , Sung Myongsoon , Jee Hye Mi , Han Man Yong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmell dysfunction is highly prevalent worldwide and has adverse effects on quality of life. Smell loss in rhinitis subjects is mainly caused by mechanical obstruction of odorant transmission due to mucosal type 2 inflammation. We determined the association of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels with the severity of smell dysfunction in children.MethodsWe measured the olfactory threshold score in a total of 518 children (10‐12 years old, 264 boys) using the Sniffin’ Sticks kit, and the children were divided into tertiles according to olfactory threshold score. We also assessed serum 25[OH]D level, common aeroallergen‐specific immunoglobulin E, rhinitis severity with visual analog scale, and the Total Four Symptom Score, and pre‐ and post‐decongestant nasal patency with acoustic rhinometry.ResultsThe children with 25(OH)D deficiency had significantly reduced mean olfactory threshold scores when compared to those with 25(OH)D levels of ≥20.0 ng/mL (6.56 ± 3.54 and 7.28 ± 3.87, respectively, P = .036). The proportion of loss of smell function and pre‐decongestant nasal patency significantly associated with low 25(OH)D levels (chi‐square trend test, P for trend = .007). Likewise, after adjustment for confounders, children with smell loss (third tertile) were significantly associated with low 25(OH)D level (aβ=−0.062, 95% CI=−0.064 to −0.060, P = .009) independent of aeroallergen sensitization, and a low pre‐decongestant nasal patency.Conclusions25‐Hydroxyvitamin D is significantly associated with smell dysfunction independent of aeroallergen sensitization, nasal obstruction, and the presence of allergic rhinitis. This finding may provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the development of olfactory dysfunction.
De novo hepatocellular carcinoma 18 years after liver and small bowel transplantation in a one‐year‐old pediatric patient
Authors: Bryan Nathan , Zandieh Arash , Kallakury Bhaskar , Kaufman Stuart , Yazigi Nada , Girlanda Rafaele , Hawksworth Jason , Fishbein Thomas , Matsumoto Cal , Kroemer Alexander , Khan Khalid 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDe novo HCC following transplantation in a child is a rare occurrence. Even within the adult liver transplantation population, there are a limited number of published cases. In this report, we present a case of de novo HCC found in a child, post‐multivisceral transplantation. A 19‐year‐old boy, at the age of one, received liver and small bowel transplantation due to short gut syndrome secondary to midgut volvulus and total parenteral nutrition‐associated liver disease. Eighteen years later, he was found to have a large mass involving the right hepatic dome consistent with HCC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case after gut transplantation and the third case post‐liver transplantation in the pediatric population.
Anatomical changes in stem and root of soybean plants submitted to salt stress
Authors: Silva B. R. S. , Batista B. L. , Lobato A. K. S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The soybean is a legume that is widely cultivated in many countries due to the high levels of protein and oil contained in its seed, and is used for human and animal nutrition. However, salinity affects more than 800 million hectares worldwide, limiting global agricultural production.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the structural behaviour of the roots and stems under progressive salt stress, detailing the possible anatomical modifications to these organs in soybean plants during this stress. The plants were randomized into five treatments (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm NaCl).

All the root regions studied and exposed to 100 mm Na+ exhibited increases in the epidermis and endodermis and formation of lysogenic aerenchyma with increasing salinity, revealing the protective roles of these structures in reducing Na+ influx. In the stem, increases in the cortex and pith in the first internode subject to 100 mm Na+ suggest anatomical responses that aim to minimize oxidative stress.

Soybean plants subjected to progressive salt stress (>50 mm Na+) avoided cavitation and loss of function linked to vessel elements, reducing the metaxylem in all the root and stem regions analysed. Finally, our results confirm anatomical changes to the roots and stems.
Current understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis and targets for host‐modulation therapy
Authors: Hajishengallis George , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Lambris John D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent advances indicate that periodontitis is driven by reciprocally reinforced interactions between a dysbiotic microbiome and dysregulated inflammation. Inflammation is not only a consequence of dysbiosis but, via mediating tissue dysfunction and damage, fuels further growth of selectively dysbiotic communities of bacteria (inflammophiles), thereby generating a self‐sustained feed‐forward loop that perpetuates the disease. These considerations provide a strong rationale for developing adjunctive host‐modulation therapies for the treatment of periodontitis. Such host‐modulation approaches aim to inhibit harmful inflammation and promote its resolution or to interfere directly with downstream effectors of connective tissue and bone destruction. This paper reviews diverse strategies targeted to modulate the host periodontal response and discusses their mechanisms of action, perceived safety, and potential for clinical application.
Overcoming behavioral obstacles to prevent periodontal disease: Behavioral change techniques and self‐performed periodontal infection control
Authors: Jönsson Birgitta , Abrahamsson Kajsa H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt is well established that periodontal infection control, by means of adequate oral hygiene such as daily toothbrushing and interdental cleaning, is essential for prevention of periodontal disease. Evidence suggests that oral health behavioral intervention is more effective if based on a theoretic framework that includes behavioral change techniques based on goals and planning and on feedback and monitoring. This review focuses on factors that influence behavioral changes in oral hygiene measures (both obstacles and facilitators) and a person‐centered approach to treatment planning and communication with patients. A person‐centered model of oral hygiene is presented that can be integrated into periodontal treatment using different behavioral techniques.