bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large Infaunal Bivalves Determine Community Uptake of Macroalgal Detritus and Food Web Pathways
Authors: Karlson Agnes M. L. , Pilditch Conrad A. , Probert P. Keith , Leduc Daniel , Savage Candida 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Human activities alter biodiversity, influencing bottom-up and top-down control on food webs which can affect ecosystem functioning. In marine ecosystems, large bivalves play a critical role in benthic–pelagic coupling including nutrient cycling; however, their influence on the uptake of detrital organic matter by benthic communities is less understood. In a replicated factorial field experiment, we examined how the presence or absence (overharvesting scenario) of a large suspension-feeding clam on an intertidal sandflat and the addition of isotopically enriched macroalgal (Ulva sp.) detritus (eutrophication scenario) influenced infaunal biodiversity, and how changes in trophic interactions influenced key ecosystem functions (nutrient cycling and benthic metabolism and primary production). Both clams and Ulva increased community metabolism, but only clams had an effect on nutrient regeneration. We used the 13C- and 15N-enriched Ulva to quantify the effect of clams on detritus uptake in fauna and recovery in sediment. Due to their large biomass, nitrogen incorporation by clams constituted one-third of the infaunal community uptake after 14 days. Clam uptake likely resulted from ingestion of resuspended microphytobentos which had utilized 15N leaking out from decomposing Ulva. In plots without Ulva addition, the effect of clams on the overall resource utilization by the benthic community using natural abundance isotope niche metrics were tested. In plots without clams, the isotope niche of the community was reduced, and less carbon of pelagic origin was channelled into the infaunal food web. Our results imply that the loss of clams changes trophic pathways and reduces community uptake of macroalgal detritus, potentially exacerbating eutrophication.

Graphic Abstract
Rethinking groundwater flow on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon, USA: characterizing recharge sources and flow paths with environmental tracers
Authors: Solder John E. , Beisner Kimberly R. , Anderson Jessica , Bills Don J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the arid landscape south of the Grand Canyon, natural springs and seeps are a critical resource for endemic species and Native American tribes. Groundwater is potentially threatened by expanding populations, tourism, and mineral extraction activities. Environmental tracers, including noble gases, stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in water, tritium, and carbon-14, were used to characterize recharge sources and flow paths in South Rim aquifers. Results confirm the regional Redwall-Muav aquifer is the primary groundwater source to springs. However, a second local recharge source is required to explain the detection of tritium. Probable sources are: (1) low-elevation infiltration of surface run-off with warm recharge temperatures and high excess air determined from noble gas models, and relatively low fractions of winter recharge, and (2) high-elevation plateau recharge with cool recharge temperatures, low excess air, and fraction of winter recharge of approximately 1. Previous investigators have linked spring occurrence with regional faults and fractures. Such features also likely control the chemical mixing between the regional and local groundwater sources, the transport of deeply sourced and local recharge fluids, groundwater age, and thus the relative vulnerability of groundwater to depletion and contamination. The new conceptual model of groundwater sources and flow paths suggests that many South Rim springs may respond on the order of tens to hundreds of years to groundwater depletion and contamination, even though the majority of groundwater flow is along longer flow paths with longer lag times. The magnitude of response to short-term changes in the flow system remains unclear.
Determination of 17 Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Sediments Using Automated Solid Phase Extraction and Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Gałęzowska Grażyna , Rogowska Justyna , Olkowska Ewa , Wolska Lidia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in a variety of industrial and household applications. Unfortunately, they are released to the environment including aquatic ecosystems and undergo accumulation processes (e.g., in sediment). Due to these aspects but also toxicity, PFASs can pose a threat to the environment and humans, so their determination (mainly with liquid chromatography) in environmental samples is very important. In this study, a new analytical procedure is shown which allows the determination of 17 PFASs (13 carboxylic and 4 sulfonic acids) in sediment using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC–MS/MS). Extracts were cleaned up by automated solid phase extraction using a commercially available weakly basic secondary and tertiary ammonium polymeric anion exchange sorbent. The method precision range was 0.29–9.8% for all PFASs. Recoveries of extraction for automated system were acceptable (for all PFASs 60–105%) and better than manual extraction. The method detection limit range was from 0.090 to 3.7 pg g−1 dry weight (d.w.) of sediment. The proposed method is rapid, sensitive and suitable for determination of up to 17 PFASs in sediment. These are the first studies in the area of the mouth of the Vistula River. Generally, in most collected sediments samples no analytes were detected above the method detection limits.
Extremely large-amplitude oscillation of soft pipes conveying fluid under gravity
Authors: Chen Wei , Hu Ziyang , Dai Huliang , Wang Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, the nonlinear behaviors of soft cantilevered pipes containing internal fluid flow are studied based on a geometrically exact model, with particular focus on the mechanism of large-amplitude oscillations of the pipe under gravity. Four key parameters, including the flow velocity, the mass ratio, the gravity parameter, and the inclination angle between the pipe length and the gravity direction, are considered to affect the static and dynamic behaviors of the soft pipe. The stability analyses show that, provided that the inclination angle is not equal to π, the soft pipe is stable at a low flow velocity and becomes unstable via flutter once the flow velocity is beyond a critical value. As the inclination angle is equal to π, the pipe experiences, in turn, buckling instability, regaining stability, and flutter instability with the increase in the flow velocity. Interestingly, the stability of the pipe can be either enhanced or weakened by varying the gravity parameter, mainly dependent on the value of the inclination angle. In the nonlinear dynamic analysis, it is demonstrated that the post-flutter amplitude of the soft pipe can be extremely large in the form of limit-cycle oscillations. Besides, the oscillating shapes for various inclination angles are provided to display interesting dynamical behaviors of the inclined soft pipe conveying fluid.
Lying, more or less: a computer simulation study of graded lies and trust dynamics
Authors: Trpin Borut , Dobrosovestnova Anna , Götzendorfer Sebastian J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPartial lying denotes the cases where we partially believe something to be false but nevertheless assert it with the intent to deceive the addressee. We investigate how the severity of partial lying may be determined and how partial lies can be classified. We also study how much epistemic damage an agent suffers depending on the level of trust that she invests in the liar and the severity of the lies she is told. Our analysis is based on the results from exploratory computer simulations of an arguably rational Bayesian agent who is trying to determine how biased a coin is while observing the coin tosses and listening to a (partial) liar’s misleading predictions about the outcomes. Our results provide an interesting testable hypothesis at the intersection of epistemology and ethics, namely that in the longer term partial lies lead to more epistemic damage than outright lies.
An international survey in Latin America on the practice of interventional cardiology during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a particular focus on myocardial infarction
Authors: Mayol J. , Artucio C. , Batista I. , Puentes A. , Villegas J. , Quizpe R , Rojas V. , Mangione J. , Belardi J. ,   STEMI Working Group of Stent-Save a Life! LATAM and SOLACI (Latin American Society of Interventional Cardiology), Mayol Jorge , Artucio Carolina , Batista Ignacio , Puentes Angel , Gough John , Urna Luis , Villegas Jorge , Gutiérrez Jaikel Luis , Aroche Ronald , Quizpe Ricardo , Fuentes Marco , Mora Hector , Somoza Francisco , Ortiz Patricio , Meneses Daniel , Marchena Alfaro , Rojas Victor , Conde Cesar , Gomez Aramis , Hidalgo Pedro , Mangione Jose , Belardi Jorge 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
A reduction in the number of interventional cardiology procedures has emerged as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was performed to quantify this decrease and the impact on the management of myocardial infarction in Latin America.

Methods
A telematic survey was conducted for all countries in Latin America. Diagnostic catheterisations, coronary and structural interventions, as well as the incidence and delay to reperfusion therapy of myocardial infarction (STEMI), were recorded. Two periods were compared: from 24 February to 8 March 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and another 2‑week period that varied according to country (COVID-19).

Results
Responses were obtained from 79 centres in 20 countries. There was a significant decrease in the number of diagnostic procedures (−65.2%), coronary interventions (−59.4%), structural therapeutics (−86.1%) and STEMI care (−51.2%). A decrease was noted in the incidence of STEMI, but also a delay in the time to STEMI reperfusion. While there was a variation in activity in interventional cardiology between countries, patient behaviour was rather homogeneous.

Conclusions
A significant reduction in healthcare activity has been noted during the COVID-19 pandemic, including STEMI care, with the risk of increased mortality and/or morbidity following STEMI. Healthcare providers should encourage patients with suspected symptoms of STEMI to call for emergency care to ensure rapid diagnosis and timely reperfusion treatment.
Comparative evaluation of imperialist competitive algorithm and artificial neural networks for estimation of reservoirs storage capacity
Authors: Emami Somayyeh , Parsa Javad 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReservoirs provide rural and municipal water supply for various purposes such as drinking water, irrigation, hydropower, industrial purposes and recreational activities. Supplying these demands depends strongly on the dam reservoir capacity. Hence, reservoir storage capacity prediction is a determining factor in water resources planning and management, drought risk management, flood risk assessment and management. In the present study, imperialist competitive algorithm as a relatively new socio-political-based global search technique introduced for solving different optimization problems employed to predict reservoir storage capacity of Shaharchay dam located in the Urmia lake basin in northwest of Iran. The high convergence rate of imperialist competitive algorithm along with its capability in finding global optimal is striking aspect of the algorithm. The results obtained from this algorithm were compared with those of Artificial Neural Network. The comparison of the results with the measured ones by means of error measures indicates the superiority of imperialist competitive algorithm over Artificial Neural Network.
Nitrate contamination of groundwater in Ambohidrapeto–Antananarivo-Madagascar using hydrochemistry and multivariate analysis
Authors: Ramaroson Voahirana , Randriantsivery Jean Rémi , Rajaobelison Joel , Fareze Lahimamy Paul , Rakotomalala Christian Ulrich , Razafitsalama Falintsoa A. , Rasolofonirina Mamiseheno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNitrate contamination of groundwater was assessed in the crowded area of Ambohidrapeto, Antananarivo city-Madagascar using hydrochemistry and multivariate analysis. Seventeen dug well waters and three spring waters were collected and measured in the field for physical parameters and in the laboratory for major ions. The results showed that all water samples have nitrate concentration above the standard value of 50 mg/L-NO3 set by the World Health Organization, with a minimum value of 79.3 mg/L-NO3 and a maximum value of 394.5 mg/L-NO3. Anthropogenic activities, from the surrounding pit latrines are the main sources of the groundwater nitrate contamination and are dominant over natural processes, which contribute to a lower degree to the groundwater mineralization. Ionic ratios indicated the occurrence of mineral dissolution and silicate weathering as the natural sources of magnesium and sodium, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation between calcium and sodium as well as the Piper diagram revealed the occurrence of ion exchange, resulting in sodium being the dominant cation over calcium. Forty percent (40%) of the water samples have the hydrochemical facies Na–Mg–Cl, followed by Na–Mg–Ca–Cl facies for 25% and Na–Mg–Cl–HCO3 facies for 20%. By applying principal component analysis, the influence of anthropogenic activities is confirmed. The first principal component extracted, which explained 52.88% of the total variance showed strong positive loadings on TDS, NO3−, Cl−, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Ca2+, indicating that these ions contribute as anthropogenic sources, although Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ contribute to a lesser extent than NO3−, and Cl−.
Comparing a visual and verbal semantic memory test on the effects of gender, age and education as assessed in a cognitively healthy sample
Authors: Heidinger Theresa , Lehrner Johann 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Background
Due to the increase of dementia diagnoses and individuals interested in monitoring their cognitive status, practical new neuropsychological tests are needed. Tablet-based tests offer a good alternative to traditional paper–pencil tests, as they can be completed remotely and independently. This study assessed two semantic memory tests (verbal and visual memory), in the scope of the creation of a new tablet-based battery—the International Neurocognitive Profil (INCP)—on the influences of demographic variables.

Methods
In all, 46 cognitively healthy participants who recruited at the memory clinic of the Medical University of Vienna were included in this study. They were asked to complete two tests of semantic memory and implicit learning: Capital Knowledge (CK) using verbal input and Flag Knowledge (FK) using visual input. Performance on the two tests was analysed according to influences of gender and age using two analyses of variance. Post hoc comparisons between age and gender groups were performed. In addition, correlational analyses were computed to assess strengths of association with age, gender and education.

Results
FK- and CK-based measures were found to be influenced by demographic variables with semantic memory measures being significantly influenced by gender and education while incidental memory measures were influenced by age. Performances differed between FK and CK showing that the mode of testing (visual, verbal) affected participant’s performance.

Conclusion
These findings are important for the creation of normative samples for both CK and FK. Furthermore, this study underlines the importance of using different testing modes when assessing individuals’ semantic memory.
Soft Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoplatforms Improve Blood Circulation, Tumor Accumulation/Penetration, and Photodynamic Efficacy
Authors: Peng Xin , Chen Kun , Liu Wanhua , Cao Xiongfeng , Wang Mengru , Tao Jun , Tian Ying , Bao Lei , Lu Guangming , Teng Zhaogang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo date, the ability of nanoplatforms to achieve excellent therapeutic responses is hindered by short blood circulation and limited tumor accumulation/penetration. Herein, a soft mesoporous organosilica nanoplatform modified with hyaluronic acid and cyanine 5.5 are prepared, denoted SMONs-HA-Cy5.5, and comparative studies between SMONs-HA-Cy5.5 (24.2 MPa) and stiff counterparts (79.2 MPa) are conducted. Results indicate that, apart from exhibiting a twofold increase in tumor cellular uptake, the soft nanoplatforms also display a remarkable pharmacokinetic advantage, resulting in considerably improved tumor accumulation. Moreover, SMONs-HA-Cy5.5 exhibits a significantly higher tumor penetration, achieving 30-μm deeper tissue permeability in multicellular spheroids relative to the stiff counterparts. Results further reveal that the soft nanoplatforms have an easier extravasation from the tumor vessels, diffuse farther in the dense extracellular matrix, and reach deeper tumor tissues compared to the stiff ones. Specifically, the soft nanoplatforms generate a 16-fold improvement (43 vs. 2.72 μm) in diffusion distance in tumor parenchyma. Based on the significantly improved blood circulation and tumor accumulation/penetration, a soft therapeutic nanoplatform is constructed by loading photosensitizer chlorin e6 in SMONs-HA-Cy5.5. The resulting nanoplatform exhibits considerably higher therapeutic efficacy on tumors compared to the stiff ones.
On Simulating Neural Damage in Connectionist Networks
Authors: Guest Olivia , Caso Andrea , Cooper Richard P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA key strength of connectionist modelling is its ability to simulate both intact cognition and the behavioural effects of neural damage. We survey the literature, showing that models have been damaged in a variety of ways, e.g. by removing connections, by adding noise to connection weights, by scaling weights, by removing units and by adding noise to unit activations. While these different implementations of damage have often been assumed to be behaviourally equivalent, some theorists have made aetiological claims that rest on nonequivalence. They suggest that related deficits with different aetiologies might be accounted for by different forms of damage within a single model. We present two case studies that explore the effects of different forms of damage in two influential connectionist models, each of which has been applied to explain neuropsychological deficits. Our results indicate that the effect of simulated damage can indeed be sensitive to the way in which damage is implemented, particularly when the environment comprises subsets of items that differ in their statistical properties, but such effects are sensitive to relatively subtle aspects of the model’s training environment. We argue that, as a consequence, substantial methodological care is required if aetiological claims about simulated neural damage are to be justified, and conclude more generally that implementation assumptions, including those concerning simulated damage, must be fully explored when evaluating models of neurological deficits, both to avoid over-extending the explanatory power of specific implementations and to ensure that reported results are replicable.
Mesoporous silica filled smart super oleophilic fibers of triblock copolymer nanocomposites for oil absorption applications
Authors: Elgawady Yara , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Adham Samer , Al-Maas Mashael , Ammar Ali , Alamgir Karim , Al-Maadeed Mariam Al Ali , Hassan Mohammad K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuper oleophilic fibers of styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymer/mesoporous silica (MS) nanocomposites are fabricated by electrospinning, and their oil absorption efficiency is monitored by following two different approaches. The first way is by using the fibers as tubular packing materials for oil absorption, whereas the second approach uses the fibers as filtration membrane after deposition on the commercial polyethersulfone (PES) support. All composites are made by adding inorganic MS in different concentrations (2, 4, and 7 wt.%) to SIS block copolymer. The addition of MS increases the fiber diameters and leads to enlarged and bead-like appearances, especially at higher filler concentrations. The oil absorption efficiency is explored based on the oil absorption capacity of the samples as well as with the gravity-driven oil filtration experiments. The best oil absorption efficiency is achieved by the 4 wt.% SIS-MS composite (150% higher oil absorption capacity compared to the neat SIS), and it is used to spin on the PES mechanical support of different pore sizes (0.2 μ and 8 μ). Ultrafiltration tests conducted on those coated membranes observe improved oil rejection performance as the fibrous SIS-MS are layered on the commercial mechanical support.
The pros and cons of additional axillary arm for transoral robotic thyroidectomy
Authors: Kim Hoon Yub , Park Dawon , Bertelli Antonio A.T. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTransoral vestibular approach thyroidectomy using robotic system has advantages with articulating instrumentation. Transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT) can be done either using just two robot arms for instruments and an extra one for the endoscopic camera, or using three robot arms for instruments (third arm through axila) and an additional arm for the camera.Pros of additional axillary arm for TORTThe 4th arm through an additional axillary port is mainly responsible for a counter‐traction of strap muscles and thyroid tissue. The additional axillary port tract is also an excellent passage for the specimen removal with lower risk of disruption or fragmentation. Ultimately, these merits from the additional axillary arm allows TORT to be performed safely in a wide range of patient groups.Cons of additional axillary arm for TORTOne of the issue with the additional axillary arm in TORT is that it leaves a cutaneous scar. Another issue to consider is the cost. In some places, robotic surgery operation fee varies with the number of arms used during the operation. Retraction of strap muscles through subcutaneous stitches applied after establishing the working space may make up for the lack of counter‐traction.ConclusionTORT can be done safely with or without the transaxillary arm and surgeon may consider pros and cons based on multiple factors.
The Crime of Identity Theft as an Aftermath of the Development of Modern Technologies – Legal and Criminological Aspects of the Phenomenon in Poland
Authors: Stachelska Aleksandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe problem of identity theft is current all over the world. Nowadays we can even observe a tendency for an increasing occurrence of this kind of behaviour. The rapid development of new communication tools and the Internet has made it easier to commit a crime of identity theft than ever before. Despite this seemingly obvious trend in the world, in Poland since 2011, when this phenomenon was criminalized, convictions for identity theft are still one of the rarest situations. Identity theft as a proportion of general identified offences in 2017, according to Police statistics, was only .30%. The paper will present selected legal aspects of identity theft from the Polish Criminal Code, as well as criminological analysis of the phenomenon in Poland. The results of research on identity theft conducted in the District Court in Białystok on court files that ended in a final court judgment covering the years 2011–2016 will also be presented. In the course of the research process, seven cases were found and examined. The analysis was enabled by using a questionnaire, which included forty-nine questions grouped into categories, i.e. characteristics of the perpetrator of the crime, characteristics of the victim, description of the committed act, as well as the course of the pre-trial and judicial proceedings. In the paper, an attempt will be made to find an answer to the question of why the dark number of identity theft crimes in Poland is still great, and this will help characterize identity theft in the area of Białystok.