bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SpEDIT: A fast and efficient CRISPR/Cas9 method for fission yeast
Authors: Torres-Garcia Sito , Di Pompeo Lorenza , Eivers Luke , Gaborieau Baptiste , White Sharon A. , Pidoux Alison L. , Kanigowska Paulina , Yaseen Imtiyaz , Cai Yizhi , Allshire Robin C. 
Published: November 2020

The CRISPR/Cas9 system allows scarless, marker-free genome editing. Current CRISPR/Cas9 systems for the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe rely on tedious and time-consuming cloning procedures to introduce a specific sgRNA target sequence into a Cas9-expressing plasmid. In addition, Cas9 endonuclease has been reported to be toxic to fission yeast when constitutively overexpressed from the strong adh1 promoter. To overcome these problems we have developed an improved system, SpEDIT, that uses a synthesised Cas9 sequence codon-optimised for S. pombe expressed from the medium strength adh15 promoter. The SpEDIT system exhibits a flexible modular design where the sgRNA is fused to the 3’ end of the self-cleaving hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme, allowing expression of the sgRNA cassette to be driven by RNA polymerase III from a tRNA gene sequence. Lastly, the inclusion of sites for the BsaI type IIS restriction enzyme flanking a GFP placeholder enables one-step Golden Gate mediated replacement of GFP with synthesized sgRNAs for expression. The SpEDIT system allowed a 100% mutagenesis efficiency to be achieved when generating targeted point mutants in the ade6+ or ura4+ genes by transformation of cells from asynchronous cultures. SpEDIT also permitted insertion, tagging and deletion events to be obtained with minimal effort. Simultaneous editing of two independent non-homologous loci was also readily achieved. Importantly the SpEDIT system displayed reduced toxicity compared to currently available S. pombe editing systems. Thus, SpEDIT provides an effective and user-friendly CRISPR/Cas9 procedure that significantly improves the genome editing toolbox for fission yeast.
Young’s double-slit-like diffraction stemming from scattering of long-ranged surface plasmon polaritons along distinct ±Z-faces’ metallic layers in indium-tin-oxide coated Fe doped LiNbO3
Authors: Wang Chao , Su Hang , Ma Xinyan , Xiong Zuoren , Zhao Hua 
Published: November 2020

Young’s double-slit-like diffraction was seen on a viewing screen placed perpendicularly to a sharply cut edge of a

Z

-cut iron doped

L
i
N
b
O

3

(LN) slab coated with indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films. The high contrast fringes observed confirm two sets of visible long-ranged surface plasmon polaritons propagating along the two ITO–LN interfaces distinctly over 5 mm path length with well-kept coherency, apart from metal uses. The indices of refraction measured with polarimetry from the

±

Z

-faces and changing transmission spectra obtained are consistent with the physical picture, along with dynamics of the very first reflection from the

−

Z

-face under varying polarization angles between the two incident laser beams onto the slab.
Submicrometer-scale pattern generation via maskless digital photolithography
Authors: Kang Minsu , Han Changhyun , Jeon Heonsu 
Published: November 2020

Maskless photolithography based on digital micromirror devices (DMDs) is considered the next-generation low-cost lithographic technology. However, DMD-based digital photolithography has been implemented only for micrometer-scale pattern generation, whereas sophisticated photonic devices require feature sizes of approximately 100 nm. In this study, we adopt a high-magnification objective lens (

200

×

) for a custom-built digital photolithography system to generate submicrometer-scale patterns. We also improvise techniques to augment the digital photolithography, pattern tilting, and grayscale exposure. We demonstrate that photonic crystal band-edge lasers of various lattice structures and periods can be quality-assessment testbeds.
Childhood maltreatment and lead levels in middle adulthood: A prospective examination of the roles of individual socio-economic and neighborhood characteristics
Authors: Carpi Anthony , Nikulina Valentina , Li Xuechen , Widom Cathy Spatz 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundLead is a common environmental hazard because of its past use as an additive to gasoline and household paint. Some evidence suggests that children with histories of child abuse and neglect are at elevated risk for residence in communities and households with less desirable characteristics and high levels of exposure to environmental hazards and toxins.ObjectivesTo understand whether childhood maltreatment leads to higher levels of household dust lead and blood lead in adulthood and the extent to which characteristics of a person’s physical environment or individual level socio-economic status (SES) (based on unemployment, poverty, and receipt of public assistance) contribute to understanding the relationship.MethodsA large prospective cohort design study in which abused and neglected children (ages 0–11) were matched with non-maltreated children and assessed in adulthood. Objective and subjective neighborhood characteristics were assessed at approximate age 40 and household dust lead (cleaned and less often cleaned) and blood lead levels were measured at age 41. Blood was collected through venipuncture by a registered nurse as part of a medical status exam.ResultsChildhood maltreatment predicted higher levels of dust lead in less often cleaned household places, residence in worse neighborhoods defined by objective (census tract data) and subjective (reports of physical disorder and lack of social cohesion and control), and higher levels of poverty, receiving public assistance, and unemployment. Only objective neighborhood characteristics mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and dust lead level in adulthood. There were also significant paths from objective neighborhood disadvantage and individual level SES to higher levels of blood lead.DiscussionThirty years after their childhood experiences, individuals with documented histories of childhood maltreatment are at higher risk for living in environments as adults with elevated lead levels that may impact other aspects of their lives and compromise their health.
Managing unresolved issues of addiction during cancer treatment: A qualitative study about cancer care providers’ representations
Authors: Verot Elise , Regnier Denois Véronique , Macron Corinne , Chauvin Franck 
Published: November 2020

Objective
Five French oncology institutions had participated in a funded study aiming at implementing an Evidence-Based Practice tool (PAM-13), which allowed nurses to measure the level of activation of the patient to support his or her own empowerment in the cancer care pathway. The purpose of this ancillary study is to (i) describe the caregivers’ perceptions of addictions and their management concurrently with cancer treatment, (ii) explore the role that Motivational Interviewing techniques can play.

Methods
15 individual semi-structured interviews of caregivers were performed, using the Theoretical Domains Framework for the interview guide. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively, in a thematic analysis. The COREQ guided the reporting of this qualitative study.

Results
Views on addictions influence the way caregivers manage patients suffering from unresolved issues of addiction. Care is mainly focused on the pathology (cancer-centered) and strictly curative. When practiced, Motivational Interviewing is patient-centered, fostering the patient’s empowerment on the cancer care pathway.

Conclusions
The dissemination of Motivational Interviewing techniques in current practices in oncology, both in terms of doctors and nursing teams, would enable improvement to the management of addictions on the cancer care pathway, by deploying a patient-centered approach. This new paradigm of care would support the empowerment of patients enrolled in the cancer care pathway and promote better communication between caregivers and patients. Hence, a paradigm shift is essential. Motivational Interviewing techniques could provide a caring approach that promotes communication between the patient and the caregiver and also supports the former’s empowerment. This research suggests the need to adapt the cancer care pathway in order to integrate the necessary care for patients who concomitantly suffer from unresolved addictive disorders.

Trial registration
NCT03706937
Predicting who responds to spinal manipulative therapy using a short-time frame methodology: Results from a 238-participant study
Authors: Hadizadeh Maliheh , Kawchuk Gregory Neil , Prasad Narasimha , Fritz Julie M. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is among the nonpharmacologic interventions that has been recommended in clinical guidelines for patients with low back pain, however, some patients appear to benefit substantially more from SMT than others. Several investigations have examined potential factors to modify patients’ responses prior to SMT application. The objective of this study was to determine if the baseline prediction of SMT responders can be improved through the use of a restricted, non-pragmatic methodology, established variables of responder status, and newly developed physical measures observed to change with SMT.

Materials and methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of a prior study that provided two applications of standardized SMT over a period of 1 week. After initial exploratory analysis, principal component analysis and optimal scaling analysis were used to reduce multicollinearity among predictors. A multiple logistic regression model was built using a forward Wald procedure to explore those baseline variables that could predict response status at 1-week reassessment.

Results
Two hundred and thirty-eight participants completed the 1-week reassessment (age 40.0± 11.8 years; 59.7% female). Response to treatment was predicted by a model containing the following 8 variables: height, gender, neck or upper back pain, pain frequency in the past 6 months, the STarT Back Tool, patients’ expectations about medication and strengthening exercises, and extension status. Our model had a sensitivity of 72.2% (95% CI, 58.1–83.1), specificity of 84.2% (95% CI, 78.0–89.0), a positive likelihood ratio of 4.6 (CI, 3.2–6.7), a negative likelihood ratio of 0.3 (CI, 0.2–0.5), and area under ROC curve, 0.79.

Conclusion
It is possible to predict response to treatment before application of SMT in low back pain patients. Our model may benefit both patients and clinicians by reducing the time needed to re-evaluate an initial trial of care.
A leitura do texto latino em sala de aula
Authors: Martins Isaltina 
Published: November 2020

Como ensinar, como aprender, os problemas didáticos de sempre, na língua latina, como nas outras disciplinas. É a eterna luta entre o antigo e o novo, a procura de mudança, o desejo de adaptação aos tempos. Tendo como referência a leitura do texto latino na sala de aula, uma leitura dos programas oficiais e das recomendações metodológicas neles presentes, passando pelos manuais utilizados, permite-nos avaliar a evolução da ensino/aprendizagem do latim no Ensino Secundário português.
Increasing Rates of Opioid Prescriptions for Gastrointestinal Diseases in the United States
Authors: LeBrett Wendi G. , Chen Frank W. , Yang Liu , Chang Lin 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Pain control is an important management approach for many gastrointestinal conditions. Because of the ongoing opioid crisis, public health efforts have focused on limiting opioid prescriptions. This study examines national opioid prescribing patterns and factors associated with opioid prescriptions for gastrointestinal conditions.

METHODS:
We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 2006 to 2016. The International Classification of Diseases codes were used to identify ambulatory visits with a primary gastrointestinal diagnosis. Data were weighted to calculate national estimates for opioid prescriptions for gastrointestinal disease. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze temporal trends. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with opioid prescriptions.

RESULTS:
We analyzed 12,170 visits with a primary gastrointestinal diagnosis, representing 351 million visits. The opioid prescription rate for gastrointestinal visits was 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.0%–11.2%). Opioid prescription rates for gastrointestinal disease increased by 0.5% per year from 2006 to 2016 (P = 0.04). Prescription rates were highest for chronic pancreatitis (25.1%) and chronic liver disease (13.9%) visits. Seventy-one percent of opioid prescriptions were continuations of an existing prescription. Patient characteristics associated with continued opioid prescriptions included rural location (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.46; 95% CI 1.11–1.93), depression (aOR 1.83; 95% CI 1.33–2.53), and Medicaid insurance (aOR 1.57; 95% CI 1.15–2.13).

DISCUSSION:
Opioid prescription rates for gastrointestinal disease visits increased from 2006 to 2016. Our findings suggest an inadequate response to the opioid epidemic by providers managing gastrointestinal conditions. Further clinical interventions are needed to limit opioid use for gastrointestinal disease.

JOURNAL/ajgast/04.03/00000434-202104000-00033/inline-graphic1/v/2023-07-18T070751Z/r/image-tiff
Balloon Extraction of an Intraductal Tubulopapillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Sullivan Matthew J. , Grau Jillian , Shah Shashin 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the bile duct is a rare type of intraductal neoplasm of the bile duct that has mainly been described in the literature in case reports and small case series. Only within the past decade has ITPN of the bile duct been identified as its own entity and have definitive diagnostic criteria been established. Given its rarity, there is no standard of care for treatment. Here, we describe a case report of biliary ITPN diagnosed in a unique manner.
Dopamine Transporter Localization in Medial Forebrain Bundle Axons Indicates Its Long-Range Transport Primarily by Membrane Diffusion with a Limited Contribution of Vesicular Traffic on Retromer-Positive Compartments
Authors: Bagalkot Tarique R. , Block Ethan R. , Bucchin Kristen , Balcita-Pedicino Judith Joyce , Calderon Michael , Sesack Susan R. , Sorkin Alexander 
Published: November 2020

Dopamine transporter (DAT) controls dopamine neurotransmission by clearing synaptically released dopamine. However, trafficking itineraries of DAT, which determine its cell-surface concentration near synapses, are poorly characterized. It is especially unknown how DAT is transported between spatially distant midbrain somatodendritic and striatal axonal compartments. To examine this “long-range” trafficking, the localization and membrane diffusion of HA-epitope tagged DAT in the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of a knock-in mouse (both sexes) were analyzed using confocal, super-resolution and EM in intact brain and acute brain slices. HA-DAT was abundant in the plasma membrane of MFB axons, similar to the striatum, although the intracellular fraction of HA-DAT in MFB was more substantial. Intracellular HA-DAT colocalized with VPS35, a subunit of the retromer complex mediating recycling from endosomes, in a subset of axons. Late endosomes, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum were abundant in the soma but minimally present in MFB axons, suggesting that biosynthesis and lysosomal degradation of DAT are confined to soma. Together, the data suggest that membrane diffusion is the main mode of long-range DAT transport through MFB, although the contribution of vesicular traffic can be significant in a population of MFB axons. Based on HA-DAT diffusion rates, plasma membrane DAT in MFB axons turns over with a halftime of ∼20 d, which explains the extremely slow turnover of DAT protein in the brain. Unexpectedly, the mean diameter of DAT-labeled MFB axons was observed to be twice larger than reported for striatum. The implications of this finding for dopamine neuron physiology are discussed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dopamine transporter (DAT) is a key regulator of dopamine neurotransmission and a target of abused psychostimulants. In the present study, we examined, for the first time, mechanisms of the long-range traffic of DAT in intact brain and acute brain slices from the knock-in mouse expressing epitope-tagged DAT. Using a combination of confocal, super-resolution and EM, we defined DAT localization and its membrane diffusion parameters in medial forebrain bundle axonal tracts connecting midbrain somatodendritic and striatal axonal compartments of dopaminergic neurons. In contrast to the widely accepted model of long-range axonal transport, our studies suggest that DAT traffics between midbrain and striatum, mainly by lateral diffusion in the plasma membrane with only a limited contribution of vesicular transport in recycling endosomes.
Activation of Granule Cell Interneurons by Two Divergent Local Circuit Pathways in the Rat Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Pressler R. Todd , Strowbridge Ben W. 
Published: November 2020

The olfactory bulb (OB) serves as a relay region for sensory information transduced by receptor neurons in the nose and ultimately routed to a variety of cortical areas. Despite the highly structured organization of the sensory inputs to the OB, even simple monomolecular odors activate large regions of the OB comprising many glomerular modules defined by afferents from different receptor neuron subtypes. OB principal cells receive their primary excitatory input from only one glomerular channel defined by inputs from one class of olfactory receptor neurons. By contrast, interneurons, such as GABAergic granule cells (GCs), integrate across multiple channels through dendodendritic inputs on their distal apical dendrites. Through their inhibitory synaptic actions, GCs appear to modulate principal cell firing to enhance olfactory discrimination, although how GCs contribute to olfactory function is not well understood. In this study, we identify a second synaptic pathway by which principal cells in the rat (both sexes) OB excite GCs by evoking potent nondepressing EPSPs (termed large-amplitude, nondendrodendritic [LANDD] EPSPs). LANDD EPSPs show little depression in response to tetanic stimulation and, therefore, can be distinguished other EPSPs that target GCs. LANDD EPSPs can be evoked by both focal stimulation near GC proximal dendrites and by activating sensory inputs in the glomerular layer in truncated GCs lacking dendrodendritic inputs. Using computational simulations, we show that LANDD EPSPs more reliably encode the duration of principal cell discharges than DD EPSPs, enabling GCs to compare contrasting versions of odor-driven activity patterns.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe olfactory bulb plays a critical role in transforming broad sensory input patterns into odor-selective population responses. How this occurs is not well understood, but the local bulbar interneurons appear to be centrally involved in the process. Granule cells, the most common interneuron in the olfactory bulb, are known to broadly integrate sensory input through specialized synapses on their distal dendrites. Here we describe a second class of local excitatory inputs to granule cells that are more powerful than distal inputs and fail to depress with repeated stimulation. This second, proximal pathway allows bulbar interneurons to assay divergent versions of the same sensory input pattern.
Human artificial oocytes from patients’ somatic cells: past, present and future
Authors: Tesarik Jan , Mendoza Carmen , Mendoza-Tesarik Raquel 
Published: November 2020

The first attempts at generating functional human oocytes by using the transfer of patients’ somatic cell nuclei, as DNA source, into donor enucleated oocytes date back to the early 2000s. After initial attempts, that gave rather encouraging results, the technique was abandoned because of adverse results with this technique in the mouse model. Priority was then given to the use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, based on excellent results in the mouse, where mature oocytes and live healthy offspring were achieved. However, these results could not be reproduced in humans, and oogenesis with human iPS cells did not continue beyond the stage of oogonium. These data suggest that the use of enucleated donor oocytes will be necessary to achieve fertilizable human oocytes with somatic cell-derived DNA. The main problem of all these techniques is that they have to meet with two, sometimes contradictory, requirements: the haploidization of somatic cell-derived DNA, on the one hand, and the remodeling/reprogramming of DNA of somatic cell origin, so as to be capable of supporting all stages of preimplantation and postimplantation development and to give rise to all cell types of the future organism. Further research is needed to determine the optimal strategy to cope with these two requirements.

Lay summary
The recourse to artificial oocytes, generated by using the patient’s own DNA derived from cells of somatic origin, represents the ultimate opportunity for women who lack healthy oocytes of their own but yearn for genetically related offspring. Many different pathologies, such as ovarian cancer, premature ovarian failure, other ovarian diseases and natural, age-related ovarian decay can cause the absence of available oocytes. The demand for artificial oocytes is increasing continuously, mainly because of the tendency to postpone maternity to still more advanced ages, when the quantity and quality of oocytes is low. This minireview focuses on the generation of artificial oocytes using different strategies and scenarios, based on the accumulated experience in humans and experimental animals.
MAPPING FUNCTIONS OF A PROCESS BASED ON A FUNCTIONAL RESONANCE ANALYSIS: ACTION RESEARCH USED IN A PIG PRODUCER UNIT
Authors: Steinke Alexandre , Rosário Cláudio Roberto , Flach Douglas 
Published: November 2020

Purpose – This study aims to map the process functions of the Piglet Breeding Unit.Theoretical framework - The study highlights a literary review of resilience engineering, the holistic view, process modeling and the socio-technical system.Design/methodology/approach – Based on the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) and using Action Research as a research methodology to guide study steps.Findings - Practical applications of the study have provided a projection of room for maneuver in operations, allowed operations to be viewed in a macro scope, supporting the decision made by managers and instigated them to rethink the way each function was performed. The actions proposed through the study meet the process management, seeking to identify and reducing production bottlenecks, from the perspective of production engineering.Originality/value – Mapping the process using aspects related to each function provides a reflection of actions that would allow the unit manager to cooperate in defining the best decision based on the structure and the level of importance in the system used. FRAM allows the level and type of variability to be increased, allowing the function with the largest number of variables to be seen.Keywords - Decision making, management processes, function mapping, production bottlenecks.