bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cu2+ ions on structural, morphological, optical and magnetic behaviors of ZnAl2O4 spinel
Authors: Sofia Nirmala T , Iyandurai N , Yuvaraj S , Sundararajan M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Zn1−xCuxAl2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by microwave combustion technique with metal nitrates as precursor materials. Powder x-ray diffraction studies confirm the formation of single phase of spinel pure and copper doped zinc aluminates. HR-SEM images reveal the agglomerated coalescence morphology with pores. Elemental analysis (EDX) confirm the presence of Zn, Cu, Fe and O. UV-Visible Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is used to find the optical bandgap and it is found to decreases from 5.45 eV to 3.57 eV. IR spectra show three major peaks which confirm the phase formation of Zn1−xCuxAl2O4 nano aluminates with spinel structure. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements reveal the super paramagnetic nature of pure and copper doped zinc alumintes. The obtain results are confirmed that present pure and copper doped ZnAl2O4 particles at nanoscale are to be potential candidate for catalytic, sensor and optoelectronic device applications.
Prebreakdown phenomena in hydrocarbon liquids in a point-plane gap under step voltage. Part 1: behaviour at positive polarity
Authors: Linhjell Dag , Lundgaard Lars , Unge Mikael , Hjortstam Olof 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study addresses the dielectric performance of nonpolar hydrocarbon liquids and mineral oils under positive polarity stress. It is of interest to improve knowledge on how functional properties of dielectric liquids vary, as new brands arrive in the market, and existing standards are unsuited for documenting the dielectric functional parameters of these new liquids. Stopping length for non-breakdown streamers, breakdown voltages and velocities for various pre-breakdown streamer modes have been studied for a selection of model liquids (cyclohexane and white oils), for a gas to liquid oil, and a refined naphthenic transformer oil. Studies of propagation modes were done using an 80 mm point to plane gap and a step voltage with a 0.5 μs rise time. Light emission and pre-breakdown currents have been recorded and instantaneous velocities have been derived from images of propagating streamers. There are clear differences in streamer stopping lengths and mode occurrence and mode velocities between these liquids. The differences seem to be influenced by molecular sizes governing evaporation energy for streamer formation and by concentration of aromatics which can be coupled to electron avalanche processes in the streamer heads.
High harmonic generation-2ω attosecond stereo-photoionization interferometry in N2
Authors: Loriot V , Marciniak A , Nandi S , Karras G , Hervé M , Constant E , Plésiat E , Palacios A , Martín F , Lépine F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We have investigated photoionization delays in N2 by combining an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse train generated by high harmonic generation (HHG) and a second harmonic femtosecond pulse with angularly resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. While photoionization delay measurements are usually performed by using a standard XUV-infrared scheme, here we show that the present approach allows us to separate electronic states that otherwise would overlap, thus avoiding the spectral congestion found in most molecules. We have found a relative delay between the X and A ionic molecular states as a function of the photon energy of up to 40 attoseconds, which is due to the presence of a shape resonance in the X channel. This approach can be applied to other small quantum systems with few active electronic states.
Vascular α1-Adrenergic Receptor Responsiveness in Masked Hypertension
Authors: Yano Yuichiro , Viera Anthony J , Hinderliter Alan L , Watkins Lana L , Blumenthal James A , Johnson Kristy S , Hill LaBarron K , Sherwood Andrew 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Masked hypertension (nonhypertensive in the clinic setting but hypertensive outside the clinic during wakefulness) is characterized by increased blood pressure in response to physical and emotional stressors that activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, no studies have assessed vascular reactivity to a pharmacological SNS challenge in individuals with masked hypertension.

METHODS
We analyzed data from 161 adults aged 25 to 45 years (mean ± standard deviation age 33 ± 6 years; 48% were African American and 43% were female). Participants completed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and a standardized α 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine test that determines the dose of phenylephrine required to increase a participant’s mean arterial pressure by 25 mm Hg (PD25).

RESULTS
Twenty-one participants were considered to have masked hypertension (clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) &lt;140 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) &lt;90 mm Hg but awake SBP ≥135 or DBP ≥85 mm Hg), 28 had sustained hypertension (clinic SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥90 mm Hg and awake SBP ≥135 or DBP ≥85 mm Hg), and 106 had sustained normotension (clinic SBP &lt;140 and DBP &lt;90 mm Hg and awake SBP &lt;135 and DBP &lt;85 mm Hg). After multivariable adjustment, the mean (±SE) PD25 was less in participants with masked hypertension compared with their counterparts with sustained normotension (222.1 ± 33.2 vs. 328.7 ± 15.0; P = 0.012), but similar to that observed in subjects with sustained hypertension (254.8 ± 31.0; P =0.12).

CONCLUSIONS
Among young and middle-aged adults, masked hypertension is associated with increased vascular reactivity to a SNS challenge, which may contribute to elevated awake BPs as well as to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Recombinant Silk Hydrogel as a Novel Dermal Filler Component: Preclinical Safety and Efficacy Studies of a New Class of Tissue Fillers
Authors: Zeplin Philip H , Sukhova Inesa , Kranz Alexander , Nürnberger Tim , Mihalceanu Silvia , Beescho Christian , Schacht Kristin , Vleugels Matthias , Römer Lin , Machens Hans-Guenther , Duscher Dominik 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Hyaluronic acid-based tissue fillers are commonly utilized in reconstructive surgery as well as for aesthetic augmentation. A new type of recombinant silk-based tissue filler might pose a beneficial alternative for surgeons and patients.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare injectability, reshaping, tolerability, and postimplantation behavior of dermal filler preparations containing recombinant silk hydrogel with a commercially available hyaluronic acid filler in 2 different animal models.

Methods
Recombinant silk hydrogel as standalone preparation or as a mixture with commercial stabilized hyaluronic acid was tested in rodent and porcine animal models. The preparations were analyzed in detail and administered subdermally followed by clinical, volumetric, and histological monitoring of the subdermal depots over several months.

Results
Applicability, dosing, and tissue distribution of the filler preparations were facilitated in the presence of silk hydrogel. No clinical complications attributable to tissue filler application were recorded. State-of-the art methods, such as high-performance magnetic resonance imaging, were applied successfully to monitor the volumetric development of the filler depots in live animals.

Conclusions
The preclinical data demonstrate the basic suitability of recombinant silk hydrogel as safe and convenient tissue filler ingredient. Due to its shear thinning properties, recombinant silk hydrogel has the potential for less painful application, comfortable aesthetic reshaping immediately after administration, and negligible postoperative discomfort.
Full-Field Erbium:YAG Laser Resurfacing: Complications and Suggested Safety Parameters
Authors: Weniger Frederick G , Weidman Allan A , Barrero Castedo Carlos E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Laser skin resurfacing with erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) lasers is a newer alternative to CO2 laser treatment, and was developed to reduce common complications. Although Er:YAG lasers have been available for years, safety parameters for efficacious resurfacing with these devices have not previously been available.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to utilize one practice’s laser treatment settings and outcomes data to identify complication rates for various energies and areas of the face and to offer safe energy/depth parameters for treating each area.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed for full-field confluent laser resurfacing patients treated with a Sciton Contour Tunable Resurfacing Er:YAG laser by the senior author. The data were retroactively analyzed with a time range of 8 years (January 2007-December 2015).

Results
The overall complication rate for MicroLaserPeels (ablation of 50 µm or less) was 10.1% (20 of 198 treatments) and the rate for deep resurfacing treatments was 26.5% (71 of 268 cases). In MicroLaserPeel treatments the cheek area had the highest complication rate, followed by the forehead, nose, perioral, and eyelid areas, in that order (complication rate range, 0%-9.1%). In deep resurfacing treatments the perioral area had the highest complication rate, 38.6% of 145 cases. This was followed by the lids, cheek, nose, and forehead, in that order (complication rate range, 15.2%-20.9%). There is a correlation between increased depth of ablation and increased rate of complication.

Conclusions
The study confirmed the efficacy of Er:YAG resurfacing and provides guidance for a safer approach to excellent outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4
Invasive Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Infection After Cardiac Surgery: Epidemiology, Management, and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Baker Arthur W , Maziarz Eileen K , Lewis Sarah S , Stout Jason E , Anderson Deverick J , Smith Peter K , Schroder Jacob N , Daneshmand Mani A , Alexander Barbara D , Wallace Richard J , Sexton Daniel J , Wolfe Cameron R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
We recently mitigated a clonal outbreak of hospital-acquired Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC), which included a large cluster of adult patients who developed invasive infection after exposure to heater-cooler units during cardiac surgery. Recent studies have detailed Mycobacterium chimaera infections acquired during cardiac surgery; however, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical courses of cardiac surgery patients with invasive MABC infection.

Methods
We retrospectively collected clinical data on all patients who underwent cardiac surgery at our hospital and subsequently had positive cultures for MABC from 2013 through 2016. Patients with ventricular assist devices or heart transplants were excluded. We analyzed patient characteristics, antimicrobial therapy, surgical interventions, and clinical outcomes.

Results
Ten cardiac surgery patients developed invasive, extrapulmonary infection from M. abscessus subspecies abscessus in an outbreak setting. Median time from presumed inoculation in the operating room to first positive culture was 53 days (interquartile range [IQR], 38–139 days). Disseminated infection was common, and the most frequent culture-positive sites were mediastinum (n = 7) and blood (n = 7). Patients received a median of 24 weeks (IQR, 5–33 weeks) of combination antimicrobial therapy that included multiple intravenous agents. Six patients required antibiotic changes due to adverse events attributed to amikacin, linezolid, or tigecycline. Eight patients underwent surgical management, and 6 patients required multiple sternal debridements. Eight patients died within 2 years of diagnosis, including 4 deaths directly attributable to MABC infection.

Conclusions
Despite aggressive medical and surgical management, invasive MABC infection after cardiac surgery caused substantial morbidity and mortality. New treatment strategies are needed, and compliance with infection prevention guidelines remains critical.
An open-source GIS-enabled lookup service for Nagoya Protocol party information
Authors: Seifert Hendrikje , Weber Marc , Glöckner Frank Oliver , Kostadinov Ivaylo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing is a transparent legal framework, which governs the access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization. Complying with the Nagoya regulations ensures legal use and re-use of data from genetic resources. Providing detailed provenance information and clear re-usage conditions plays a key role in ensuring the re-usability of research data according to the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable) Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Even with the framework provided by the ABS (access and benefit sharing) Clearing House and the support of the National Focal Points, establishing a direct link between the research data from genetic resources and the relevant Nagoya information remains a challenge. This is particularly true for re-using publicly available data. The Nagoya Lookup Service was developed for stakeholders in biological sciences with the aim at facilitating the legal and FAIR data management, specifically for data publication and re-use. The service provides up-to-date information on the Nagoya party status for a geolocation provided by GPS coordinates, directing the user to the relevant local authorities for further information. It integrates open data from the ABS Clearing House, Marine Regions, GeoNames and Wikidata. The service is accessible through a REST API and a user-friendly web form. Stakeholders include data librarians, data brokers, scientists and data archivists who may use this service before, during and after data acquisition or publication to check whether legal documents need to be prepared, considered or verified. The service allows researchers to estimate whether genetic data they plan to produce or re-use might fall under Nagoya regulations or not, within the limits of the technology and without constituting legal advice. It is implemented using portable Docker containers and can easily be deployed locally or on a cloud infrastructure. The source code for building the service is available under an open-source license on GitHub, with a functional image on Docker Hub and can be used by anyone free of charge.
Behavioral Responses of Scolytus schevyrewi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) to Volatiles From Apricot Tree (Rosales: Rosaceae)
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Xu Bingqiang , Kader Abudukyoum , Song Bo , Zhang Zhihu , Li Fengqi , Yang Sen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is native to China and Central Asia. Damage by the adults and larvae weakens local apricot trees (Armeniaca spp.), often causing death to many host trees. In previous studies, freshly cut apricot logs were found to be highly attractive to S. schevyrewi adults. To explore the possibility of trapping and monitoring this bark beetle, we evaluated the effect of the apricot tree volatiles on S. schevyrewi behavior. Volatiles from the apricot logs were collected by headspace sampling and subjected to coupled gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis. Behavioral responses to EAD-active compounds were assessed using two-choice Y-tube olfactometers. The results showed that the antennae of females responded to 21 volatile compounds from apricot logs. Seventeen compounds were confirmed with authentic compounds. The Y-olfactometer bioassays showed that at a stimulation dose of 100 µg, four compounds [(1S)-(−)-α-pinene, (±)-limonene, (1S)-(+)-3-carene, and 1-hexanol], and some binary mixtures of the four compounds [(1S)-(−)-α-pinene plus (±)-limonene; (1S)-(−)-α-pinene plus (1S)-(+)-3-carene; (1S)-(−)-α-pinene plus camphene; (1S)-(−)-α-pinene plus (±)-limonene, (1S)-(+)-3-carene, and 1-hexanol] were significantly attractive to both sexes (except (±)-limonene and (1S)-(+)-3-carene for males), suggesting that these compounds may play a role in host tree selection by S. schevyrewi and should be evaluated as lures for population monitoring. In contrast, octanal, nonanal, decanal, linalool and N,N-diethylformamide appeared to repel S. schevyrewi adults in Y-tube at the concentration tested.
Impact of liver disease on oral anticoagulant prescription and major adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation: analysis from a population-based cohort study
Authors: Proietti Marco , Marzona Irene , Vannini Tommaso , Colacioppo Pierluca , Tettamanti Mauro , Foresta Andreana , Fortino Ida , Merlino Luca , Lip Gregory Y H , Roncaglioni Maria Carla 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
Data on the impact of liver disease (LD) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the role of oral anticoagulant (OAC) drugs for stroke prevention are limited.

Methods and results
A retrospective observational population-based cohort study on the administrative health databases of Lombardy region Italy. All AF patients ≥40 years admitted to hospital from 2000 to 2018 were considered. Atrial fibrillation and LD diagnosis were established using ICD9-CM codes. Use of OAC was determined with Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes. Primary study outcomes were stroke, major bleeding, and all-cause death. Among 393 507 AF patients, 16 168 (4.1%) had concomitant LD. Liver disease AF patients were significantly less treated with OAC. Concomitant LD was associated with an increased risk in all the study outcomes [hazard ratio (HR): 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.25 for stroke; HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.47–1.66 for major bleeding; HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.39–1.44 for all-cause death]. Use of OAC in patients with AF and LD resulted in a reduction in stroke (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.92), major bleeding (HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74–0.99), and all-cause death (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.73–0.80), with similar results according to subgroups. A net clinical benefit (NCB) analysis suggested a positive benefit/risk ratio in using OAC in AF patients with LD (NCB: 0.408, 95% CI: 0.375–0.472).

Conclusion
In AF patients, concomitant LD carries a significantly higher risk for all clinical outcomes. Use of OAC in AF patients with LD was associated with a significant favourable benefit/risk ratio, even in high-risk patient subgroups.
How Are Employers Responding to an Aging Workforce?
Authors: Clark Robert L , Ritter Beth M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The American population is aging and changes in the population’s age structure are leading to an aging of the nation’s workforce. In addition, changes to age-specific participation rates are exacerbating the aging of the national labor force. An important challenge for firms and organizations is how does workforce aging affect labor costs, productivity, and the sustainability of the organization. This article examines employer responses to workforce aging, including changes to retirement policies, modification in working conditions, adoption of phased retirement plans, and reforming other employee benefits.
Asian IP Law: An Area of Rising Importance
Authors: Liu Kung-Chung , Zheng Shufeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Intellectual property (IP) laws are an important instrument for promoting cooperation and peace in Asia. In their own ways, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, China and India all serve as IP success stories. Structural features of the IP landscape in major Asian jurisdictions include the following: technocrat-driven IP law, national IP strategies and specialized IP or patent judges. In addition, there are five distinctively Asian developments worth noticing: the sweeping criminalization of copyright infringement, an explosion in the number of registered trademarks, the very limited use of compulsory patent licensing and the convergence on certain standards for the licensing of standard essential patents (SEPs). On the other hand, it is notable that an open-ended and general fair use clause has had a mixed reception in Asian copyright and trademark law. Finding ways to enhance cooperation across Asia, steering IP regimes through trade deals and free trade agreements (FTAs), envisioning a fairer (or at least more functional) mechanism for paying creators, and improving the quality and performance of IP or patent judges are among the important issues that need addressing in the continuing effort to leverage IP laws as a tool for prosperity and peace in Asia.
Metabolic and immunologic control of intestinal cell function by mTOR
Authors: Fritsch Stephanie D , Weichhart Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe intestinal epithelium is one of the most quickly dividing tissues in our body, combining the absorptive advantages of a single layer with the protection of a constantly renewing barrier. It is continuously exposed to nutrients and commensal bacteria as well as microbial and host-derived metabolites, but also to hazards such as pathogenic bacteria and toxins. These environmental cues are sensed by the mucosa and a vast repertory of immune cells, especially macrophages. A disruption of intestinal homeostasis in terms of barrier interruption can lead to inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer, and macrophages have an important role in restoring epithelial function following injury. The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway senses environmental cues and integrates metabolic responses. It has emerged as an important regulator of intestinal functions in homeostasis and disease. In this review, we are going to discuss intestinal mTOR signalling and metabolic regulation in different intestinal cell populations with a special focus on immune cells and their actions on intestinal function.
Health system capacity for tuberculosis care in Ethiopia: evidence from national representative survey
Authors: Deribew Amare , Dejene Tariku , Defar Atkure , Berhanu Della , Biadgilign Sibhatu , Tekle Ephrem , Asheber Kassahun , Deribe Kebede 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the tuberculosis (TB) health system capacity and its variations by location and types of health facilities in Ethiopia.

Design
We used the Service Provision Assessment plus (SPA+) survey data that were collected in 2014 in all hospitals and randomly selected health centers and private facilities in all regions of Ethiopia. We assessed structural, process and overall health system capacity based on the Donabedian quality of care model. Multiple linear regression and spatial analysis were done to assess TB capacity score variation across regions.

Setting
The study included 873 public and private health facilities all over Ethiopia.

Participants
None.

Intervention(s)
None.

Main outcome measure(s)
None.

Results
A total of 873 health facilities were included in the analysis. The overall TB care capacity score was 76.7%, 55.9% and 37.8% in public hospitals, health centers and private facilities, respectively. The health system capacity score for TB was higher in the urban (60.4%) facilities compared to that of the rural (50.0%) facilities (β = 8.0, 95% CI: 4.4, 11.6). Health centers (β = −16.2, 95% CI: −20.0, −12.3) and private health facilities (β = −38.3, 95% CI: −42.4, −35.1) had lower TB care capacity score than hospitals. Overall TB care capacity score were lower in Western and Southwestern Ethiopia and in Benishangul-Gumuz and Gambella regions.

Conclusions
The health system capacity score for TB care in Ethiopia varied across regions. Health system capacity improvement interventions should focus on the private sectors and health facilities in the rural and remote areas to ensure equity and improve quality of care.