bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Push‐pull to manage leaf‐cutting ants: an effective strategy in forestry plantations
Authors: Perri Daiana V , Gorosito Norma B , Schilman Pablo E , Casaubón Edgardo A , Dávila Camila , Fernández Patricia C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLeaf‐cutting ants (LCAs) are amongst the most important forestry pests in South America. Currently, their control is carried out almost exclusively through the application of toxic baits of restricted use. Here we evaluate a push‐pull strategy (i.e., the simultaneous use of attractant and repellent stimuli in order to divert pests) to manage LCAs Acromyrmex spp. in young willow plantations in the area of Delta of the Parana River, Argentina, a wetland ecosystem. First, we surveyed ants' selection of farmland vegetation during one year. Then, we estimated ants' preferences between the willow Salix babylonica and a subsample of plant species from farmland vegetation under laboratory conditions. Finally, we designed and performed a fully crossed experimental field assay to evaluate a push‐pull strategy by using farmland vegetation as pull stimulus.RESULTSWe surveyed 39 plant species in the area, 19 of which had been foraged by LCAs along the year. Plants were selected by species, not by abundance. In the lab, ants showed similar preference for the cultivated willow and the subsample of plant species. Push‐pull was the only treatment that maintained willow remaining vegetation above 60–80% at the end of the growing season.CONCLUSIONSFor the first time the push‐pull strategy was evaluated in social insects. We demonstrated that it can be successfully used to manage LCAs in young willow plantations. Our strategy generates biodiversity, which can improve the ecosystem functioning, and it can be easily implemented by producers since its design is based on regular willow plantations.
Insecticide rotation scheme restores insecticide susceptibility in thiamethoxam‐resistant field populations of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), in Florida
Authors: Chen Xue Dong , Neupane Surendra , Gossett Hunter , Pelz‐Stelinski Kirsten S , Stelinski Lukasz L 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated rotation using insecticides with multiple modes of action as a resistance management strategy for Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), in Florida. The stability of thiamethoxam resistance was investigated in the laboratory by establishing populations of field‐collected, resistant D. citri and rearing them under no insecticide exposure. Furthermore, recovery of susceptibility was investigated in the field by initiating rotation to insecticides in plots that previously were treated with consecutive thiamethoxam applications.ResultsThe resistance ratio (RR) for thiamethoxam reached between 1266.29‐ and 1395.00‐fold after three and four consecutive applications of thiamethoxam, respectively. However, the RR for thiamethoxam remained low (1.71–5.28‐fold) under both rotations at both Lake Alfred and Wauchula. Thiamethoxam was cross‐resistant with imidacloprid (RR site 1 = 1059.65‐fold, RR site 2 = 1595.43‐fold) and clothianidin (RR site 1 = 1798.78‐fold, RR site 2 = 1270.57‐fold) in the nonrotated treatment at both sites. There was very low cross‐resistance to other insecticides with different modes of action. Both laboratory and field investigations indicated that susceptibility to thiamethoxam fully recovered after five D. citri generations. Expression of CYP4C67 was significantly increased in resistant populations.ConclusionOur results revealed that D. citri populations develop a high level of resistance following only three or four consecutive neonicotinoid sprays; this was associated with subsequent product failure. Our data suggest that metabolic detoxification by cytochrome P450s contributes to thiamethoxam resistance in D. citri. Overall, the investigation demonstrated that resistance to thiamethoxam can be managed readily in populations of D. citri by rotating modes of action.
Optimization of compound‐specific chlorine stable isotope analysis of chloroform using the Taguchi design of experiments
Authors: Asfaw Berhane Abrha , Sakaguchi‐Söder Kaori , Bernstein Anat , Siebner Hagar , Schüth Christoph 
Published: August 2020

RationaleChloroform, a probable human carcinogen, is commonly detected in various concentration levels in many surface water and groundwater sources. Compound‐specific chlorine stable isotope analysis (Cl‐CSIA) is significant in investigating the fate of chlorinated contaminants in the environment. Analytical conditions should, however, be thoroughly examined for any isotopic fractionation. In this study, we simultaneously optimize three analytical parameters for a robust online Cl‐CSIA of chloroform using the Taguchi design of experiments.MethodsFor Cl‐CSIA, a purge‐and‐trap autosampler coupled to a gas chromatograph in tandem with a quadrupole mass spectrometer, with electron ionization in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, was used. Using the Taguchi method, the dominant parameter affecting the results of Cl‐CSIA for chloroform was identified through concurrent investigation of the signal‐to‐noise ratios (S/N) of three parameters, each at three levels: purging time (5, 10, 15 min), transfer time (80, 120, 160 s), and dwell time (20, 60, 100 ms). Moreover, the optimum combination of the levels was identified.ResultsThe purging time, with a maximum S/N, resulted in the highest influence on the isotope ratios determined. It was further refined through additional experiments to sufficiently extract chloroform from the aqueous phase. Accordingly, 8 min of purging time, 120 s transfer time and 100 ms dwell time were the optimum conditions for Cl‐CSIA of chloroform. Post‐optimization, a precision of ±0.28 ‰ was achieved for 8.4 nmol of chloroform (equivalent to 0.89 μg or approx. 25 nmol Cl‐mass on column).ConclusionsA simple online method for Cl‐CSIA of chloroform was optimized with the Taguchi design of experiments. The Taguchi method was very useful for the optimization of the analytical conditions. However, the purging conditions should be fine‐tuned and selected so that sufficient extraction of a target compound is confirmed to acquire a stable and higher precision of the method.
Prediction method of bridge static deformation based on dynamic test
Authors: Lu Pengzhen , Pan Jinpeng , Hong Tao , Li Dengguo , Chen Yangrui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo solve the high cost of bridge load tests, considerable influence on traffic, and damage to bridge structure in the process of problem detection and maintenance of existing bridges, we use the method of improved Gaussian process response surface to explore the prediction of the rigidity and unit weight of existing bridges to produce high‐precision predictions of the existing bridge static test. The Gaussian process response surface method in Bayesian principle is adopted to optimize and correct the model. Because Gaussian process is a non‐parameter model with high sensitivity, reliable accuracy, and small calculation, it avoids repeatedly using finite element model. This makes the efficiency of finite element correction improve significantly. A continuous beam bridge is adopted as a study case. In sample selection, an improved uniform design method based on weighting is designed to improve the learning efficiency and prediction accuracy of the model while using ANSYS to analyze and predict the typical bridge. The analysis of the date of the bridge dynamic test is used to correct the finite element model, obtain the actual parameters of the bridge structure, and predict the measured data of the bridge static load test based on the modified finite element model.
Context‐based automation of critical infrastructure systems for efficiency, stakeholder equity, and resilience
Authors: Marshall Curtis J. , Roberts Blake , Grenn Michael W. , Holzer Thomas H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is an urgent need for more efficient and resilient infrastructure systems to support a growing population with increasingly scarce resources worldwide. As the demand for limited natural and man‐made resources grows, improved methods for resolving anticipated and unforeseen conflicts of availability are needed. System automation has broadly been adopted for efficiency optimization and resource deconfliction via preplanned actions and responses to anticipated needs. However, human intervention is still relied upon up to resolve emergent issues for which automation lacks the flexibility and adaptability to resolve. In this research, a context‐based decision model for system automation is presented that uses satisficing heuristics to deconflict shared resources without preplanning or human intervention. Via modeling and simulation, the presented model and existing rule‐based algorithms were applied to an air traffic management problem to compare performance with respect to: (a) system efficiency, (b) standard deviation of efficiency, and (c) system stability as a measure of disruption avoidance. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented model concurrently supports efficiency optimization and disruption avoidance for airspace deconfliction, averaging 9.7% higher system efficiency and a 1.5% lower standard deviation of efficiency than the existing rule‐based standard for aircraft collision avoidance (based on an air traffic density of 45 aircraft per 10 000 square nautical miles). The model presented here is extensible to engineered systems that rely on shared, finite resources for mission execution. This research is relevant to the domains of critical infrastructure management, risk management, distributed control systems, and mission assurance.
Genome‐wide association studies of fruit quality traits in jujube germplasm collections using genotyping‐by‐sequencing
Authors: Hou Lu , Chen Wu , Zhang Zhiyong , Pang Xiaoming , Li Yingyue 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is an important fruit crop and harbors many highly diverse traits of potential economic importance. Fruit size, stone size, and fruit cracking have an important influence on the commercial value of jujube. This study is the first to conduct a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on 180 accessions of jujube and focuses on locating single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with nine important fruit quality traits. Genotyping was performed using genotyping‐by‐sequencing and 4651 high‐quality SNPs were identified. A genetic diversity analysis revealed the presence of three distinct groups, and rapid linkage disequilibrium decay was observed in this jujube population. Using a mixed linear model, a total of 45 significant SNP–trait associations were detected, among which 33 SNPs had associations with fruit size‐related traits, nine were associated with stone size‐related traits, and three with fruit cracking‐related traits. In total, 21 candidate genes involved in cell expansion, abiotic stress responses, hormone signaling, and growth development were identified from the genome sequences of jujube. These results are useful as basic data for GWAS of other jujube traits, and these significant SNP loci and candidate genes should aid marker‐assisted breeding and genomic selection of improved jujube cultivars.
Imaging in gynecological disease (21): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of accessory cavitated uterine malformations
Authors: Naftalin J. , Bean E. , Saridogan E. , Barton‐Smith P. , Arora R. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical and ultrasound characteristics of accessory cavitated uterine malformations (ACUMs).MethodsThis was a single‐center observational study of consecutive patients diagnosed with an ACUM, who had undergone an ultrasound examination by an experienced ultrasound examiner between January 2013 and May 2019, identified retrospectively from medical records. ACUM was diagnosed when a cavitated lesion with a myometrial mantle and echogenic contents was seen within the anterolateral wall of the myometrium beneath the insertion of the round ligament. In all women, presenting symptoms and clinical history were recorded along with detailed descriptions of the lesions and any concomitant pelvic abnormalities.ResultsTwenty patients diagnosed with an ACUM were identified. Median age was 29.2 (interquartile range, 25.0–35.8) years. None of the women was premenarchal or postmenopausal. All of the women reported painful periods or pelvic pain and none of them reported subfertility. Twelve of the ACUMs were in the right anterolateral myometrium and eight were in the left anterolateral myometrium. Both a myometrial mantle and a fluid‐filled cavity were considered to be defining features on ultrasound. The fluid contained within the cavity was either echogenic with a ground‐glass appearance or hyperechoic. All of the lesions were spherical in shape. The Doppler flow seen in the outer rim was not markedly different from that of the surrounding myometrium, and the content of the cavity was avascular on Doppler examination. The mean outer cavity diameter of the ACUMs was 22.8 (95% CI, 20.9–24.8) mm and the mean internal cavity diameter was 14.1 (95% CI, 12.2–16.1) mm. Four women opted for transvaginal ultrasound‐guided alcohol sclerotherapy. Surgical excision was carried out in eight cases, and the diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination in all of them.ConclusionsACUMs are a uterine abnormality with a distinct ultrasound appearance, which are associated with dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. Knowledge of their typical appearance on ultrasound could facilitate early detection and treatment. There are several treatment options for ACUM, ranging from simple analgesia to complete excision. Further prospective and longitudinal studies are required to study the prevalence and natural history of this condition. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Natural environmental conditions and collaborative efforts provide the secret to success for sand tiger shark Carcharias taurus reproduction in aquaria
Authors: Wyffels Jennifer , Coco Chris , Schreiber Chris , Palmer Daniel , Clauss Tonya , Bulman Frank , George Robert , Pelton Craig , Feldheim Kevin , Handsel Tim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSand tiger sharks are an iconic large shark species held in aquaria worldwide. They rarely reproduce under managed care, with only seven aquaria reporting limited and sporadic success. For the first time in the Americas, a full‐term young was born in an aquarium. The young was the result of breeding among a group of sharks purposefully brought together in 2016 for reproduction. Sharks were maintained in natural seawater and exposed to natural light and seasonal temperature fluctuations similar to their in situ counterparts. Decreased food consumption associated with breeding season and gestation was observed. Gestation time estimated from breeding observations and parturition was 321 days. Although the neonate was stillborn, this was a significant achievement. The husbandry details described within will be useful for other aquaria striving to support the reproduction of sand tiger sharks.
Experiencing Male Dominance in Swedish Film Production
Authors: Jansson Maria , Wallenberg Louise 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Sweden has been hailed for its recent success in increasing the number of female directors, scriptwriters and producers. Published reports, panel discussions and a vast number of press conferences on the pressing matter of gender equality within the industry together with a 5050 quota have all put the Swedish film industry—and its CEO Anna Serner—on the map. However, the last couple of years has disclosed several scandals regarding sexism and discrimination in the Swedish film industry—just as in other national film industries. This paper sets out to discuss how female film workers (e.g., directors, actors and producers) understand and negotiate their experiences of male dominance within their work context. Based on a series of interviews with women working in Swedish film from the early 1960s until today, we analyze similarities and differences in experiences as well as how these experiences are explained by the interviewees. Their stories are analyzed by using feminist institutional theory to understand how policy, funding schemes and other institutional aspects are intertwined with their experiences. The paper sets out to analyze three themes: (1) comments and suggestions during production and post-production regarding female protagonists; (2) experience of gender trouble in the process of fundraising; and (3) strategies used by the interviewed filmmakers to produce a more women-friendly environment during productions.
Robustness in Neural Circuits
Authors: Arle Jeffrey E. , Mei Longzhi , Carlson Kristen W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractComplex systems are found everywhere – from scheduling to traffic, food to climate, economics to ecology, the brain, and the universe. Complex systems typically have many elements, many modes of interconnectedness of those elements, and often exhibit sensitivity to initial conditions. Complex systems by their nature are generally unpredictable and can be highly unstable.
Functional Requirements of Small- and Large-Scale Neural Circuitry Connectome Models
Authors: Carlson Kristen W. , Shils Jay L. , Mei Longzhi , Arle Jeffrey E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe have truly entered the Age of the Connectome due to a confluence of advanced imaging tools, methods such as the flavors of functional connectivity analysis and inter-species connectivity comparisons, and computational power to simulate neural circuitry. The interest in connectomes is reflected in the exponentially rising number of articles on the subject. What are our goals? What are the “functional requirements” of connectome modelers? We give a perspective on these questions from our group whose focus is modeling neurological disorders, such as neuropathic back pain, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and age-related cognitive decline, and treating them with neuromodulation.
Computational Models of Brain Stimulation with Tractography Analysis
Authors: Riel Stefanie , Bashiri Mohammad , Hemmert Werner , Bai Siwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractComputational human head models have been used in studies of brain stimulation. These models have been able to provide useful information that can’t be acquired or difficult to acquire from experimental or imaging studies. However, most of these models are purely volume conductor models that overlooked the electric excitability of axons in the white matter of the brain. We hereby combined a finite element (FE) model of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with a whole-brain tractography analysis as well as the cable theory of neuronal excitation. We have reconstructed a whole-brain tractogram with 2000 neural fibres from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance scans and extracted the information on electrical potential from the FE ECT model of the same head. Two different electrode placements and three different white matter conductivity settings were simulated and compared. We calculated the electric field and second spatial derivatives of the electrical potential along the fibre direction, which describes the activating function for homogenous axons, and investigated sensitive regions of white matter activation. Models with anisotropic white matter conductivity yielded the most distinctive electric field and activating function distribution. Activation was most likely to appear in regions between the electrodes where the electric potential gradient is most pronounced.
Superconducting gravimeter and seismometer shedding light on FG5’s offsets, trends and noise: what observations at Onsala Space Observatory can tell us
Authors: Scherneck Hans-Georg , Rajner Marcin , Engfeldt Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTen-year worth of absolute gravity (AG) campaigns at Onsala Space Observatory (OSO), Sweden, are simultaneously reduced using synchronous data from a superconducting gravimeter (SG). In this multi-campaign adjustment, the a priori models commonly applied for each setup in AG-alone experiments are sidestepped in favour of SG records and a model to estimate its drift. We obtain a residual (hourly samples) at the 5 nm/s$$^2$$

2

RMS level, reducing the SG data with a range of ancillary data for the site’s exposure to ocean and atmospheric loading, and hydrology effects. The target quantity in AG projects in the Baltic Shield area is the secular change of gravity dominated by glacial isostatic adjustment with land uplift as its major part. Investigating into the details of the associated processes using AG requires a long-term stable reference, which is the aim of international comparison campaigns of FG5 instruments. Two of these have been campaigning at OSO since 2009 when the SG had been installed. In the simultaneous inversion of all sixteen campaigns, we identify weaknesses of AG observations, like varying systematic offsets over time, excess microseismic sensitivity, trends in the AG data and side effects on the SG’s scale factor when campaigns are evaluated one by one. The simultaneous adjustment afforded us an SG scale factor very near the result from a campaign with a prototype quantum gravimeter. Whence, we propose that single-campaign results may be biased and conjectures into their variation, let alone its causes misleading. The OSO site appears to present manageable problems as far as environmental influences are concerned. Our findings advocate the use of AG instruments and procedures that are more long-term stable (reference realization), more short-term stable too (setup drifts), less service craving and more resilient to microseismic noise.
Metrisability of projective surfaces and pseudo-holomorphic curves
Authors: Mettler Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe show that the metrisability of an oriented projective surface is equivalent to the existence of pseudo-holomorphic curves. A projective structure $${\mathfrak {p}}$$
p
and a volume form $$\sigma $$
σ
on an oriented surface M equip the total space of a certain disk bundle $$Z\rightarrow M$$

Z
→
M

with a pair $$(J_{{\mathfrak {p}}},{\mathfrak {J}}_{{\mathfrak {p}},\sigma })$$

(

J
p

,

J

p
,
σ

)

of almost complex structures. A conformal structure on M corresponds to a section of $$Z\rightarrow M$$

Z
→
M

and $${\mathfrak {p}}$$
p
is metrisable by the metric g if and only if $$[g] : M \rightarrow Z$$

[
g
]
:
M
→
Z

is a pseudo-holomorphic curve with respect to $$J_{{\mathfrak {p}}}$$

J
p

and $${\mathfrak {J}}_{{\mathfrak {p}},dA_g}$$

J

p
,
d

A
g

.