bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the physical conditions of a warm corona in active galactic nuclei accretion discs
Authors: Ballantyne D R 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
A warm corona at the surface of an accretion disc has been proposed as a potential location for producing the soft excess commonly observed in the X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). In order to fit the observed data, the gas must be at temperatures of ∼1 keV and have an optical depth of τT ≈ 10–20. We present one-dimensional calculations of the physical conditions and emitted spectra of a τT = 10 or 20 gas layer subject to illumination from an X-ray power law (from above), a blackbody (from below), and a variable amount of internal heating. The models show that a warm corona with kT ∼ 1 keV can develop, producing a strong Comptonized soft excess, but only if the internal heating flux is within a relatively narrow range. Similarly, if the gas density of the layer is too large then efficient cooling will stop a warm corona from forming. The radiation from the hard X-ray power law is crucial in producing a warm corona, indicating that a warm and hot corona may coexist in AGN accretion discs, and their combined effect leads to the observed soft excess. Intense heating of a warm corona leads to steep X-ray spectra with ionized Fe K α lines, similar to those seen in some narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies.
Estimating redshift distributions using hierarchical logistic Gaussian processes
Authors: Rau Markus Michael , Wilson Simon , Mandelbaum Rachel 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
This work uses hierarchical logistic Gaussian processes to infer true redshift distributions of samples of galaxies, through their cross-correlations with spatially overlapping spectroscopic samples. We demonstrate that this method can accurately estimate these redshift distributions in a fully Bayesian manner jointly with galaxy-dark matter bias models. We forecast how systematic biases in the redshift-dependent galaxy-dark matter bias model affect redshift inference. Using published galaxy-dark matter bias measurements from the Illustris simulation, we compare these systematic biases with the statistical error budget from a forecasted weak gravitational lensing measurement. If the redshift-dependent galaxy-dark matter bias model is mis-specified, redshift inference can be biased. This can propagate into relative biases in the weak lensing convergence power spectrum on the 10–30 per cent level. We, therefore, showcase a methodology to detect these sources of error using Bayesian model selection techniques. Furthermore, we discuss the improvements that can be gained from incorporating prior information from Bayesian template fitting into the model, both in redshift prediction accuracy and in the detection of systematic modelling biases.
Automatic detection of full ring galaxy candidates in SDSS
Authors: Shamir Lior 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
A full ring is a form of galaxy morphology that is not associated with a specific stage on the Hubble sequence. Digital sky surveys can collect many millions of galaxy images, and therefore even rare forms of galaxies are expected to be present in relatively large numbers in image data bases created by digital sky surveys. Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release (DR) 14 contains ∼2.6 × 106 objects with spectra identified as galaxies. The method described in this paper applied automatic detection to identify a set of 443 ring galaxy candidates, 104 of them were already included in the Buta + 17 catalogue of ring galaxies in SDSS, but the majority of the galaxies are not included in previous catalogues. Machine analysis cannot yet match the superior pattern recognition abilities of the human brain, and even a small false positive rate makes automatic analysis impractical when scanning through millions of galaxies. Reducing the false positive rate also increases the true negative rate, and therefore the catalogue of ring galaxy candidates is not exhaustive. However, due to its clear advantage in speed, it can provide a large collection of galaxies that can be used for follow-up observations of objects with ring morphology.
Mechanism of conditional partner selectivity in MITF/TFE family transcription factors with a conserved coiled coil stammer motif
Authors: Pogenberg Vivian , Ballesteros-Álvarez Josué , Schober Romana , Sigvaldadóttir Ingibjörg , Obarska-Kosinska Agnieszka , Milewski Morlin , Schindl Rainer , Ögmundsdóttir Margrét Helga , Steingrímsson Eiríkur , Wilmanns Matthias 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Interrupted dimeric coiled coil segments are found in a broad range of proteins and generally confer selective functional properties such as binding to specific ligands. However, there is only one documented case of a basic-helix–loop–helix leucine zipper transcription factor—microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)—in which an insertion of a three-residue stammer serves as a determinant of conditional partner selectivity. To unravel the molecular principles of this selectivity, we have analyzed the high-resolution structures of stammer-containing MITF and an engineered stammer-less MITF variant, which comprises an uninterrupted symmetric coiled coil. Despite this fundamental difference, both MITF structures reveal identical flanking in-phase coiled coil arrangements, gained by helical over-winding and local asymmetry in wild-type MITF across the stammer region. These conserved structural properties allow the maintenance of a proper functional readout in terms of nuclear localization and binding to specific DNA-response motifs regardless of the presence of the stammer. By contrast, MITF heterodimer formation with other bHLH-Zip transcription factors is only permissive when both factors contain either the same type of inserted stammer or no insert. Our data illustrate a unique principle of conditional partner selectivity within the wide arsenal of transcription factors with specific partner-dependent functional readouts.
Heterochromatin protein 1α interacts with parallel RNA and DNA G-quadruplexes
Authors: Roach Ruby J , Garavís Miguel , González Carlos , Jameson Geoffrey B , Filichev Vyacheslav V , Hale Tracy K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The eukaryotic genome is functionally organized into domains of transcriptionally active euchromatin and domains of highly compact transcriptionally silent heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is constitutively assembled at repetitive elements that include the telomeres and centromeres. The histone code model proposes that HP1α forms and maintains these domains of heterochromatin through the interaction of its chromodomain with trimethylated lysine 9 of histone 3, although this interaction is not the sole determinant. We show here that the unstructured hinge domain, necessary for the targeting of HP1α to constitutive heterochromatin, recognizes parallel G-quadruplex (G4) assemblies formed by the TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) transcribed from the telomere. This provides a mechanism by which TERRA can lead to the enrichment of HP1α at telomeres to maintain heterochromatin. Furthermore, we show that HP1α binds with a faster association rate to DNA G4s of parallel topology compared to antiparallel G4s that bind slowly or not at all. Such G4–DNAs are found in the regulatory regions of several oncogenes. This implicates specific non-canonical nucleic acid structures as determinants of HP1α function and thus RNA and DNA G4s need to be considered as contributors to chromatin domain organization and the epigenome.
Composition and processing activity of a semi-recombinant holo U7 snRNP
Authors: Bucholc Katarzyna , Aik Wei Shen , Yang Xiao-cui , Wang Kaituo , Zhou Z Hong , Dadlez Michał , Marzluff William F , Tong Liang , Dominski Zbigniew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In animal cells, replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs are cleaved at the 3′ end by U7 snRNP consisting of two core components: a ∼60-nucleotide U7 snRNA and a ring of seven proteins, with Lsm10 and Lsm11 replacing the spliceosomal SmD1 and SmD2. Lsm11 interacts with FLASH and together they recruit the endonuclease CPSF73 and other polyadenylation factors, forming catalytically active holo U7 snRNP. Here, we assembled core U7 snRNP bound to FLASH from recombinant components and analyzed its appearance by electron microscopy and ability to support histone pre-mRNA processing in the presence of polyadenylation factors from nuclear extracts. We demonstrate that semi-recombinant holo U7 snRNP reconstituted in this manner has the same composition and functional properties as endogenous U7 snRNP, and accurately cleaves histone pre-mRNAs in a reconstituted in vitro processing reaction. We also demonstrate that the U7-specific Sm ring assembles efficiently in vitro on a spliceosomal Sm site but the engineered U7 snRNP is functionally impaired. This approach offers a unique opportunity to study the importance of various regions in the Sm proteins and U7 snRNA in 3′ end processing of histone pre-mRNAs.
The Risk of Peripheral Nerve Tumor Biopsy in Suspected Benign Etiologies
Authors: Perez-Roman Roberto J , Shelby Burks S , Debs Luca , Cajigas Iahn , Levi Allan D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are tumors with unique clinical and imaging features that present to a variety of physicians. These lesions are often referred for biopsy, which can put nerve fascicles at risk. Preoperative biopsy may cause distortion of normal anatomic planes, making definitive resection difficult.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the neurological risks of preoperative biopsy in benign PNSTs.

METHODS
Surgical cases collected retrospectively using a prospectively established database of PNSTs treated by a single surgeon between 1997 and 2019. Patients were dichotomized depending on preoperative biopsy. The effects of biopsy were assessed via history and physical examination both pre- and postdefinitive resection.

RESULTS
A total of 151 cases were included. Only 23.2% (35) of patients underwent preoperative biopsy, but 42.9% of these experienced new or worsening neurological examination immediately following biopsy. After definitive resection, the rate of neurological deficit was significantly different between the 2 groups with 60% of biopsy patients and 19% of those patients not biopsied experiencing decline in examination (F = 25.72, P < .001). Odds ratio for any postoperative deficit for biopsy was 6.40 (CI [2.8, 14.55], P < .001). Univariate logistic regression of neurological deficit with patient age, sex, tumor type, and biopsy status showed that only biopsy was associated with the occurrence of any postoperative deficit.

CONCLUSION
Biopsy of benign PNSTs is associated with a high rate of neurological deficit both immediately following the procedure and after definitive resection. Careful selection is imperative prior to proceeding with biopsy of nerve sheath tumors exhibiting benign features given the unacceptably high rate of neurological decline.
FIH‐1 engages novel binding partners to positively influence epithelial proliferation via p63
Authors: Kaplan Nihal , Dong Ying , Wang Sijia , Yang Wending , Park Jong Kook , Wang Junyi , Fiolek Elaina , Perez White Bethany , Chandel Navdeep S. , Peng Han , Lavker Robert M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhereas much is known about the genes regulated by ΔNp63α in keratinocytes, how ΔNp63α is regulated is less clear. During studies with the hydroxylase, factor inhibiting hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (FIH‐1), we observed increases in epidermal ΔNp63α expression along with proliferative capacity in a conditional FIH‐1 transgenic mouse. Conversely, loss of FIH‐1 in vivo and in vitro attenuated ΔNp63α expression. To elucidate the FIH‐1/p63 relationship, BioID proteomics assays identified FIH‐1 binding partners that had the potential to regulate p63 expression. FIH‐1 interacts with two previously unknown partners, Plectin1 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) leading to the regulation of ΔNp63α expression. Two known interactors of FIH‐1, apoptosis‐stimulating of P53 protein 2 (ASPP2) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), were also identified. Knockdown of ASPP2 upregulated ΔNp63α and reversed the decrease in ΔNp63α by FIH‐1 depletion. Additionally, FIH‐1 regulates growth arrest and DNA damage‐45 alpha (GADD45α), a negative regulator of ΔNp63α by interacting with HDAC1. GADD45α knockdown rescued reduction in ΔNp63α by FIH‐1 depletion. Collectively, our data reveal that FIH‐1 positively regulates ΔNp63α in keratinocytes via variety of signaling partners: (a) Plectin1/STAT1, (b) ASPP2, and (c) HDAC1/GADD45α signaling pathways.
Conventional and unconventional interactions of the transcription factor FOXL2 uncovered by a proteome‐wide analysis
Authors: Penrad‐Mobayed May , Perrin Caroline , Herman Laetitia , Todeschini Anne‐Laure , Nigon Fabienne , Cosson Bertrand , Caburet Sandrine , Veitia Reiner A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBeyond the study of its transcriptional target genes, the identification of the various interactors of a transcription factor (TF) is crucial to understand its diverse cellular roles. We focused on FOXL2, a winged‐helix forkhead TF important for ovarian development and maintenance. FOXL2 has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including apoptosis, the control of cell cycle or the regulation of steroid hormone synthesis. To reliably identify partners of endogenous FOXL2, we performed a proteome‐wide analysis using co‐immunoprecipitation in the murine granulosa cell‐derived AT29c and the pituitary‐derived alpha‐T3 cell lines, using three antibodies targeting different parts of the protein. Following a stringent selection of mass spectrometry data on the basis of identification reliability and protein enrichment, we identified a core set of 255 partners common to both cell lines. Their analysis showed that we could co‐precipitate several complexes involved in mRNA processing, chromatin remodeling and DNA replication and repair. We further validated (direct and/or indirect) interactions with selected partners, suggesting an unexpected role for FOXL2 in those processes. Overall, this comprehensive analysis of the endogenous FOXL2 interactome sheds light on its numerous and diverse interactors and unconventional cellular roles.
A Qualitative Analysis of Parturients’ Experiences Using Nitrous Oxide for Labor Analgesia: It is not Just About Pain Relief
Authors: Richardson M.G. , Raymond B.L. , Baysinger C.L. , Kook B.T. , Chestnut D.H. 
Published: November 2019

(Birth. 2019;46(1):97–104)
Although nitrous oxide provides less effective labor analgesia compared with neuraxial modalities, its popularity is increasing in the United States. At the authors’ tertiary center, ∼20% of women choose to use nitrous oxide, and of those who use nitrous oxide and have vaginal deliveries, 40% convert to neuraxial analgesia. Although nearly half report low or intermediate analgesic effectiveness with nitrous oxide, 93% report high satisfaction with their overall analgesia experience. Satisfaction can be difficult to assess and is influenced by many factors, including perceived involvement in medical decisions, personal expectations and quality of the patient-caregiver relationship. This study aimed to identify determinants of satisfaction in women who use nitrous oxide as their sole labor analgesic in vaginal births to better understand patient motivations to use nitrous oxide despite variable analgesic effectiveness.
Remifentanil Patient-controlled Analgesia (PCA) in Labour–in the Eye of the Storm
Authors: Melber A.A. 
Published: November 2019

(Anaesthesia. 2019;74:277–279)
A recent study published by Wilson and colleagues in the Lancet has attracted a lot of media attention regarding the use of intravenous remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) to replace intramuscular pethidine for labor analgesia. The study reported that the need for conversion to neuraxial analgesia was approximately halved with remifentanil compared with pethidine, and the rate of instrumental delivery was decreased from 26% to 15%. The conclusions of this study contradicted previous recommendations that remifentanil PCA not be considered a standard analgesic option in labor due to safety concerns. This editorial addressed the ramifications of implementing routine remifentanil PCA labor analgesia and the measures that would need to be taken to ensure maternal and neonatal safety.
Association Among County-level Economic Factors, Clinician Supply, Metropolitan or Rural Location, and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Patrick S.W. , Faherty L.J. , Dick A.W. , Scott T.A. , Dudley J. , Stein B.D. 
Published: November 2019

(JAMA. 2019;321(4):385–393)
Opioid use in the United States increased between 1999 and 2014, including opioid analgesics, heroin, and fentanyl. Opioid overdose deaths also increased during this time. From 2000 to 2014, the rate of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in the United States increased from 1.2 per 1000 hospital births to 80 per 1000 hospital births. The increases in both opioid overdose deaths and the rate of NAS disproportionately affected impoverished rural communities. Opioid-related complications for adults have been associated with poor access to health care, lack of economic opportunity, and diminished social capital, but links between these economic factors and opioid-related outcomes for infants have not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to examine the associations between long-term unemployment, clinician supply, and rates of NAS, while evaluating how these affect rural versus urban communities.
Are Women Antenatally Diagnosed With Abnormally Invasive Placenta Receiving Optimal Management in England? An Observational Study of Planned Place of Delivery
Authors: Sargent W. , Collins S.L. 
Published: November 2019

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98:337–341)
The incidence of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP), a pregnancy complication that is frequently life threatening, has been increasing worldwide. This increase is related to the increasing cesarean delivery rate. Maternal morbidity from AIP is high, due mainly to the complexity of surgery that often requires hysterectomy and is associated with severe hemorrhage. Currently available evidence regarding the treatment of AIP suggests that antenatal diagnosis and care provided by a multidisciplinary team with significant experience in managing these patients can reduce the maternal morbidity associated with AIP. Therefore, it has been recommended that women with AIP be managed at regionalized “specialist centers” where the health care team cares for a substantial volume of patients with this disorder on a regular basis However the current management plans of obstetric units in the United Kingdom when they are confronted with a patient with is unknown. This study aimed to determine the delivery location for women in the United Kingdom with AIP to determine whether obstetric centers managed AIP cases at their facility (in-house), referred patients to centers with a higher level of care, and if they considered themselves be an AIP “specialist center.”
Early Preterm Preeclampsia Outcomes by Intended Mode of Delivery
Authors: Coviello E.M. , Iqbal S.N. , Grantz K.L. , Huang C.C. , Landy H.J. , Reddy U.M. 
Published: November 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:100.e1–100.e9)
There is a paucity of studies investigating the optimal mode of delivery for pregnant patients with preeclampsia with severe features, superimposed preeclampsia, eclampsia, or the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets in early preterm births. There is no consensus on this topic, which has not been investigated by any randomized controlled trials. To reduce the risk of maternal mortality and morbidity, early preterm delivery is often recommended when preeclampsia with severe features is diagnosed. This study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes by intended mode of delivery in pregnancies complicated by early preterm preeclampsia.
Hospital Variation in Utilization and Success of Trial of Labor After a Prior Cesarean
Authors: Xu X. , Lee H.C. , Lin H. , Lundsberg L.S. , Campbell K.H. , Lipkind H.S. , Pettker C.M. , Illuzzi J.L. 
Published: November 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:98.e1–98.e14)
Although elective repeat cesarean is commonly performed to prevent uterine rupture during labor and other complications, cesarean delivery carries risks for mother and fetus, including increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity. Trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) delivery is recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists for women with no contraindications. The practice of TOLAC can be influenced by factors such as provider litigation concerns, patient preference and hospital support. The aim of this study was to understand varying utilization of TOLAC in California hospitals and how this affected patient outcomes. In addition, institutional characteristics associated with varying TOLAC utilization and success rates were analyzed.
Appendicectomy During Pregnancy and the Risk of Preterm Birth: A Population Data Linkage Study
Authors: Ibiebele I. , Schnitzler M. , Nippita T. , Ford J.B. 
Published: November 2019

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;59:45–53)
The most common emergency nonobstetric abdominal surgery performed in parturients is appendicectomy, which occurs in ∼0.3% of pregnancies. Establishing the diagnosis of appendicitis is more challenging in pregnant women as a result of the physiological changes of pregnancy and the many non-specific symptoms experienced during normal pregnancy. In addition, the use of ultrasound to make the diagnosis is less effective due to the presence of the gravid uterus and computed tomography scanning is sometimes avoided to prevent fetal radiation exposure. Appendiceal perforation may occur when there are delays in the diagnosis and treatment of appendicitis, and this complication is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Appendicectomy is also associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including preterm birth, but higher rates of serious outcomes such as fetal loss and preterm labor have been reported with perforation. The current study was undertaken to examine the risk of preterm birth in parturients undergoing appendicectomy, with secondary aims of assessing the risk of other adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes as well as the effect of csurgical approach (laparoscopic or open) on these outcomes.
Induction of Labour at 41 Weeks Versus Expectant Management Until 42 Weeks (INDEX): Multicentre, Randomized Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Keulen J.K.J. , Bruinsma A. , Kortekaas J.C. , van Dillen J. , Bossuyt P.M.M. , Oudijk M.A. , Duijnhoven R.G. , van Kaam A.H. , Vandenbussche F.P.H.A. , van der Post J.A.M. , Mol B.W. , de Miranda E. 
Published: November 2019

(BMJ. 2019;364:I344)
Because of the fact that postterm pregnancy (defined as pregnancy extended to or beyond 42 weeks gestation) has been associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, induction of labor is recommended after 42 weeks gestation. Although the probability of positive outcomes for neonates born between 40 and 42 weeks gestation is overall considered good, the risk of adverse outcomes has been shown to increase gradually after 40 weeks gestation. Several studies have found that induction of labor at 41 weeks gestation and later, rather than waiting for the onset of spontaneous labor improves perinatal outcomes. However, there is much heterogeneity among these trials based on the different outcome measures, protocols, and time frames used in the various studies. This current study compared 2 management strategies: induction of labor at 41 weeks gestation or expectant management until 42 weeks gestation with subsequent induction of labor had not begun.