bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mTOR sustains inflammatory response in celiac disease
Authors: Sedda S. , Dinallo V. , Marafini I. , Franzè E. , Paoluzi O. A. , Izzo R. , Giuffrida P. , Di Sabatino A. , Corazza G. R. , Monteleone G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCeliac disease (CD) is an enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins in genetically predisposed individuals and characterized by excessive activation of effector immune cells and enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines. However, factors/mechanisms that amplify the ongoing mucosal inflammation in CD are not fully understood. In this study, we assessed whether mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR), a pathway that combines intra- and extra-cellular signals and acts as a central regulator for the metabolism, growth, and function of immune and non-immune cells, sustains CD-associated immune response. Our findings indicate that expression of phosphorylated (p)/active form of mTOR is increased in protein lysates of duodenal biopsy samples taken from patients with active CD (ACD) as compared to normal controls. In ACD, activation of mTOR occurs mainly in the epithelial compartment and associates with enhanced expression of p-4EBP, a downstream target of mTOR complex (mTORC)1, while expression of p-Rictor, a component of mTORC2, is not increased. Stimulation of mucosal explants of inactive CD patients with pepsin-trypsin-digested (PT)-gliadin or IFN-γ/IL-21, two cytokines produced in CD by gluten-specific T cells, increases p-4EBP expression. Consistently, blockade of such cytokines in cultures of ACD mucosal explants reduces p-4EBP. Finally, we show that inhibition of mTORC1 with rapamycin in ACD mucosal explants reduces p-4EBP and production of IL-15, a master cytokine produced by epithelial cells in this disorder. Our data suggest that ACD inflammation is marked by activation of mTORC1 in the epithelial compartment.
Identification and validation of the phosphorylation sites on Aristaless-related homeobox protein
Authors: Shi Xiuyu , Lin Wenbo , Gao Xiang , Xie Wen , Golden Jeffrey A. , Tao Tao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Aristaless-related homeobox protein (ARX) is a transcription factor expressed in the developing forebrain, skeletal muscle, pancreas, testis, and a variety of other tissues. It is known to have context-dependent transcriptional activator and repressor activity, although how it can achieve these opposing functions remains poorly understood. We hypothesized phosphorylation status might play a role in pivoting ARX between functioning as an activator or repressor. To gain further mechanistic insight as to how ARX functions, we identified multiple phosphorylation sites on ARX. We further established PKA as the kinase that phosphorylates ARX at least at Ser266 in mice. Two other kinases, CK2α and CDK4/cyclin D1, were also identified as kinases that phosphorylate ARX in vitro. Unexpectedly, phosphorylation status did not change either the nuclear localization or transcriptional function of ARX.
Airway epithelial integrin β4 suppresses allergic inflammation by decreasing CCL17 production
Authors: Yuan Lin , Zhang Xun , Yang Ming , Du Xizi , Wang Leyuan , Wu Shuangyan , Wu Mengping , Duan Zhen , Xiao Gelei , Zou Yizhou , Xiang Yang , Qu Xiangping , Liu Huijun , Qin Ling , Qin Qingwu , Qin Xiaoqun , Liu Chi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAirway epithelial cells (AECs) play a key role in asthma susceptibility and severity. Integrin β4 (ITGB4) is a structural adhesion molecule that is down-regulated in the airway epithelium of asthma patients. Although a few studies hint toward the role of ITGB4 in asthmatic inflammation pathogenesis, their specific resultant effects remain unexplored. In the present study, we determined the role of ITGB4 of AECs in the regulation of Th2 response and identified the underpinning molecular mechanisms. We found that ITGB4 deficiency led to exaggerated lung inflammation and AHR with higher production of CCL17 in house dust mite (HDM)-treated mice. ITGB4 regulated CCL17 production in AECs through EGFR, ERK and NF-κB pathways. EFGR-antagonist treatment or the neutralization of CCL17 both inhibited exaggerated pathological marks in HDM-challenged ITGB4-deficient mice. Together, these results demonstrated the involvement of ITGB4 deficiency in the development of Th2 responses of allergic asthma by down-regulation of EGFR and CCL17 pathway in AECs.
Greater high-mobility group box 1 in male compared with female spontaneously hypertensive rats worsens renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Mohamed Riyaz , Rafikova Olga , O’Connor Paul M. , Sullivan Jennifer C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Renal ischemia is the most common cause of acute kidney injury. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) initiate an inflammatory response and contribute to ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury in males, yet the contribution of DAMPs to IR injury in females is unknown. The goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that males have greater increases in the DAMP high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), worsening injury compared with females. Thirteen-week-old male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were subjected to sham or 45-min warm bilateral ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion before measurement of HMGB1 and renal function. Additional SHR were pre-treated with control (IgG) or HMGB1 neutralizing antibody (300 µg/rat) 1 h prior to renal ischemia. Blood, urine and kidneys were harvested 24 h post-IR for histological and Western blot analyses. Initial studies confirmed that IR resulted in greater increases in renal HMGB1 in male SHR compared with females. Greater renal HMGB1 in male SHR post-IR resulted in greater increases in serum TNF-α and renal IL-1β, neutrophil infiltration and tubular cell death. Neutralization of HMGB1 attenuated IR-induced increases in plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), inflammation, tubular damage and tubular cell death only in male SHR. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that there is a sex difference in the contribution of HMGB1 to IR-induced injury, where males exhibit greater increases in HMGB1-mediated renal injury in response to IR compared with females.
Bars formed in galaxy merging and their classification with deep learning
Authors: Cavanagh M. K. , Bekki K. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Stellar bars are a common morphological feature of spiral galaxies. While it is known that they can form in isolation, or be induced tidally, few studies have explored the production of stellar bars in galaxy merging. We look to investigate bar formation in galaxy merging using methods from deep learning to analyse our N-body simulations.
Aims. The primary aim is to determine the constraints on the mass ratio and orientations of merging galaxies that are most conducive to bar formation. We further aim to explore whether it is possible to classify simulated barred spiral galaxies based on the mechanism of their formation. We test the feasibility of this new classification schema with simulated galaxies.
Methods. Using a set of 29 400 images obtained from our simulations, we first trained a convolutional neural network to distinguish between barred and non-barred galaxies. We then tested the network on simulations with different mass ratios and spin angles. We adapted the core neural network architecture for use with our additional aims.
Results. We find that a strong inverse relationship exists between the mass ratio and the number of bars produced. We also identify two distinct phases in the bar formation process; (1) the initial, tidally induced formation pre-merger and (2) the destruction and/or regeneration of the bar during and after the merger.
Conclusions. Mergers with low mass ratios and closely-aligned orientations are considerably more conducive to bar formation compared to equal-mass mergers. We demonstrate the flexibility of our deep learning approach by showing it is feasible to classify bars based on their formation mechanism.
The circumstellar environment of EX Lupi: SPHERE and SINFONI views
Authors: Rigliaco E. , Gratton R. , Kóspál Á. , Mesa D. , D’Orazi V. , Ábrahám P. , Desidera S. , Ginski C. , van Holstein R. G. , Dominik C. , Garufi A. , Henning T. , Menard F. , Zurlo A. , Baruffolo A. , Maurel D. , Blanchard P. , Weber L. 
Published: July 2020

Context. EX Lup is a well-studied T Tauri star that represents the prototype of young eruptive stars known as EXors. They are characterized by repetitive outbursts that are due to enhanced accretion from the circumstellar disk onto the star. In this paper, we analyze new adaptive optics imaging and spectroscopic observations to study EX Lup and its circumstellar environment in near-infrared in its quiescent phase.
Aims. We aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the circumstellar environment around EX Lup in quiescence, building upon the vast store of data provided by the literature.
Methods. We observed EX Lup in quiescence with the high contrast imager SPHERE/IRDIS in the dual-beam polarimetric imaging mode to resolve the circumstellar environment in near-infrared scattered light. We complemented the data with earlier SINFONI spectroscopy, which was also taken in quiescence.
Results. We resolve, for the first time in scattered light, a compact feature around EX Lup azimuthally extending from ~280° to ~360° and radially extending from ~0.3′′ to ~0.55′′ in the plane of the disk. We explore two different scenarios for the detected emission. The first one accounts for the emission as coming from the brightened walls of the cavity excavated by the outflow whose presence was suggested by ALMA observations in the J = 3−2 line of 12CO. The second attributes the emission to an inclined disk. In this latter case, we detect, for the first time, a more extended circumstellar disk in scattered light, which shows that a region between ~10 and ~30 au is depleted of μm-size grains. We compare the J-, H-, and K-band spectra obtained with SINFONI in quiescence with the spectra taken during the outburst, showing that all the emission lines result from the episodic accretion event.
Conclusions. Based on the morphology analysis, we favor the scenario that assumes the scattered light is coming from a circumstellar disk rather than the outflow around EX Lup. We determine the origin of the observed feature as either coming from a continuous circumstellar disk with a cavity, from the illuminated wall of the outer disk, or from a shadowed disk. Moreover, we discuss the potential origins of the depleted region of μm-size grains, exploring the possibility that a sub-stellar companion may be the source of this feature.
Perspektiven und Potenziale qualitativer Gesundheitsforschung. Ein
Plädoyer für interdisziplinäre
Brückenschläge
Authors: Offenberger Ursula 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungUm Perspektiven und Potenziale qualitativer Gesundheits- und Versorgungsforschung
aufzuzeigen, werden zunächst besondere Merkmale dieser
Forschungsrichtung erläutert, bevor auf die Bedeutung neuerer
sozialwissenschaftlicher Theorien eingegangen wird, die mit empirischen Analysen
von verschiedenen Krankheits- und Gesundheitsthemen eng verknüpft sind.
Ermöglicht wird damit ein stärker systemischer Blick auf Fragen
des Gesundheitswesens, was am Beispiel der gestiegenen Anforderungen an
Partizipation sowie der Bedeutung von Patientenorganisationen in ihrer Bedeutung
für die Planung und Gestaltung von Gesundheitsversorgung aufgezeigt
wird. Damit schließen diese Ausführungen an aktuelle Debatten in
der (qualitativen) Versorgungsforschung an und ergänzen sie um weitere
Perspektiven der sozialwissenschaftlichen Gesundheitsforschung. Ziel des
Beitrags ist dabei, den Nutzen interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit
zwischen Medizin und Sozialwissenschaften in der Forschung zu verdeutlichen, der
nicht zuletzt darin liegen kann, dass sozialwissenschaftliche
Gesundheitsforschung immer auch zeitdiagnostisch arbeitet – etwa indem
sie nach historisch spezifischen Vorstellungen des ‚guten
Patienten‘ fragt. Durch entsprechende Deutungen von
Forschungsergebnissen kann somit der Handlungs- und Reflexionsspielraum
medizinisch tätigen Personals erweitert werden, ebenso wie die Planung
von versorgungsbezogenen Interventionen neue Impulse erhalten kann. Die
Lektüre dieses Artikels soll Leserinnen und Leser zu dreierlei in die
Lage versetzen: die Bedeutung von qualitativen Methoden und von
sozialwissenschaftlichen Theorien für interdisziplinäre
Gesundheitsforschung einzuschätzen; einem Fokus von Versorgungsforschung
auf die Rolle von Patientenorganisationen und -bewegungen Bedeutung zuzumessen;
und ein Verständnis dafür zu entwickeln, dass eine weniger stark
auf instrumentellen Nutzen und auf direkte Anwendungsorientierung ausgerichtete
Gesundheitsforschung ebenfalls nützliche Perspektiverweiterungen
für die Gestaltung zukünftiger Gesundheitsversorgung
bereithalten kann.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Use after Total Knee Arthroplasty Improves Early Return to Function: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Klika Alison K. , Yakubek George , Piuzzi Nicholas , Calabrese Gary , Barsoum Wael K. , Higuera Carlos A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been reported as an effective method for quadriceps strengthening which could attenuate muscle loss in the early total knee arthroplasty (TKA) postoperative recovery period. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test whether postoperative use of NMES on TKA patients results in increased quadriceps strength and ultimately improved functional outcomes. This randomized controlled clinical trial of 66 primary TKA patients was conducted at a large academic medical center. Patients were randomized 2:1 into treatment (NMES use, n = 44) or control arm (no NMES, n = 22). Patients who used the device for an average of 200 minutes/week or more (starting 1 week postoperative and continuing through week 12) were considered compliant. Baseline measurements and outcomes were recorded at 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively, and included quadriceps strength, range of motion (ROM), resting pain, functional timed up and go (TUG), stair climb test, and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and veterans rand 12-item health survey (VR-12) scores. Patients in the treatment arm (NMES use) experienced quadriceps strength gains over baseline at 3, 6, and 12 weeks following surgery, which were statistically significant compared with controls with quadriceps strength losses at 3 (p = 0.050) and 6 weeks (p = 0.015). The TUG improvements for patients treated with NMES showed significant improvements at 6 (p = 0.018) and 12 weeks (p = 0.003) postoperatively. Use of a home-based application-controlled NMES therapy system added to standard of care treatment showed statistically significant improvements in quadriceps strength and TUG following TKA, supporting a quicker return to function.
Rapid Implementation of an Inpatient Telehealth Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hron Jonathan D. , Parsons Chase R. , Williams Lee Ann , Harper Marvin B. , Bourgeois Fabienne C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Relaxation of laws and regulations around privacy and billing during the COVID-19 pandemic provide expanded opportunities to use telehealth to provide patient care at a distance. Many health systems have transitioned to providing outpatient care via telehealth; however, there is an opportunity to utilize telehealth for inpatients to promote physical distancing.
Objective This article evaluates the use of a rapidly implemented, secure inpatient telehealth program.
Methods We assembled a multidisciplinary team to rapidly design, implement, and iteratively improve an inpatient telehealth quality improvement initiative using an existing videoconferencing system at our academic medical center. We assigned each hospital bed space a unique meeting link and updated the meeting password for each new patient. Patients and families were encouraged to use their own mobile devices to join meetings when possible.
Results Within 7 weeks of go-live, we hosted 1,820 inpatient telehealth sessions (13.3 sessions per 100 bedded days). We logged 104,647 minutes of inpatient telehealth time with a median session duration of 22 minutes (range 1–1,961). There were 5,288 participant devices used with a mean of 3 devices per telehealth session (range 2–22). Clinicians found they were able to build rapport and perform a reasonable physical exam.
Conclusion We successfully implemented and scaled a secure inpatient telehealth program using an existing videoconferencing system in less than 1 week. Our implementation provided an intuitive naming convention for providers and capitalized on the broad availability of smartphones and tablets. Initial comments from clinicians suggest the system was useful; however, further work is needed to streamline initial setup for patients and families as well as care coordination to support clinician communication and workflows. Numerous use cases identified suggest a role for inpatient telehealth will remain after the COVID-19 crisis underscoring the importance of lasting regulatory reform.
Is a Single-Dose, Single-Agent Perioperative Antibiotic Protocol Adequate for Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery? A 10-Year Review of 422 Cases
Authors: Hughes Mark A. , Phillips Nick , Tyagi Atul , Sheikh Asim , Sethi Kavita , Nix Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective Postoperative meningitis is a rare but potentially fatal complication of endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. Prophylactic antibiotic use varies considerably worldwide. We sought to analyze the safety of a single-agent, single-dose protocol.
Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective review of 422 procedures performed during 404 admission episodes from 2009 to 2019, encompassing sella, parasella, and other anterior skull base pathologies.
Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome measure was development of meningitis within 30 days of surgery. Additional information collected: underlying pathological diagnosis, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, postoperative CSF leak, and primary or revision surgery.
Results Of 404 admission episodes for endoscopic anterior skull base surgery, 12 cases developed meningitis. Seven had positive CSF cultures and all 12 recovered. For pathology centered on the sella (including pituitary adenoma), the rate of meningitis was 1.1% (3/283). For pathologies demanding an extended approach (including meningioma and craniopharyngioma), the rate of meningitis was 14.5% (9/62). Postoperative CSF leak requiring surgical repair increased the relative risk by 37-fold. There were no cases of meningitis following repair of long-standing CSF fistula or encephalocoele (0/26) and no cases following surgery for sinonasal tumors with skull base involvement (0/33).
Conclusion For sella-centered pathologies, a single dose of intravenous co-amoxiclav (or teicoplanin) is associated with rates of meningitis comparable to those reported in the literature. Postoperative meningitis was significantly higher for extended, intradural transphenoidal approaches, especially when postoperative CSF leak occurred. Fastidious efforts to prevent postoperative CSF leak are crucial to minimizing risk of meningitis.
Measuring social response to different journalistic techniques on Facebook
Authors: Schmidt Ana L. , Peruzzi Antonio , Scala Antonio , Cinelli Matteo , Pomerantsev Peter , Applebaum Anne , Gaston Sophia , Fusi Nicole , Peterson Zachary , Severgnini Giuseppe , De Cesco Andrea F. , Casati Davide , Novak Petra Kralj , Stanley H. Eugene , Zollo Fabiana , Quattrociocchi Walter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent studies have shown that online users tend to select information that adheres to their system of beliefs, ignore information that does not, and join groups that share a common narrative. This information environment can elicit tribalism instead of informed debate, especially when issues are controversial. Algorithmic solutions, fact-checking initiatives, and many other approaches have shown limitations in dealing with this phenomenon, and heated debate and polarization still play a pivotal role in online social dynamics (e.g. traditional vs. anti-establishment polarization). To understand the effect of different communication strategies able to smooth polarization, in this paper, together with Corriere della Sera, a major Italian news outlet, we measure the social response of users to different types of news framing. We analyse users’ reactions to 113 ad-hoc articles published on the newspaper’s Facebook page and the corresponding news articles on the topic of migration, published from March to December 2018. We examine different journalistic techniques and content types by analyzing their impact on user comments in terms of toxicity, criticism of the newspaper, and stance concerning migration. We find that visual pieces and factual news reports elicit the highest level of trust in the media source, while opinion pieces and editorials are more likely to be criticized. We also notice that data-driven pieces elicit an extremely low level of trust in the news source. Furthermore, coherently with the echo chambers behaviour, we find social conformity strongly affecting the commenting behaviour of users on Facebook.
Generating multi-partite entanglement from the quantum vacuum with a finite-lifetime mirror
Authors: Foo Joshua , Onoe Sho , Zych Magdalena , Ralph Timothy C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Observers following special classes of finite-lifetime trajectories have been shown to experience an effective temperature, a generalisation of the Unruh temperature for uniformly accelerated observers. We consider a mirror following such a trajectory—and is hence localised to a strictly bounded causal diamond—that perfectly reflects incoming field modes. We find that inertial observers in the Minkowski vacuum detect particles along the half null-rays at the beginning and end of the mirror’s lifetime. These particle distributions exhibit multi-partite entanglement, which reveals novel structure within the vacuum correlations. The interaction is modelled using a non-perturbative circuit model and does not suffer from energy divergences.
An adaptive solution to the chemical master equation using quantized tensor trains with sliding windows
Authors: Dinh Trang , Sidje Roger B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To cope with an extremely large or even infinite state space when solving the chemical master equation in biological problems, a potent strategy is to restrict to a finite state projection (FSP) and represent the transition matrix and probability vector in quantized tensor train (QTT) format, leading to savings in storage while retaining accuracy. In an earlier adaptive FSP–QTT algorithm, the multidimensional state space was downsized and kept in the form of a hyper rectangle that was updated when needed by selectively doubling some of its side dimensions. However, this could result in a much larger state space than necessary, with the effect of hampering both the execution time and stepping scheme. In this work, we improve the algorithm by enabling sliding windows that can dynamically slide, shrink or expand, with updates driven by a number of stochastic simulation algorithm trajectories. The ensuing state space is a considerably reduced hyper rectangle containing only the most probable states at each time step. Three numerical experiments of varying difficulty are performed to compare our approach with the original adaptive FSP–QTT algorithm.