bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is power training effective to produce muscle hypertrophy in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Orssatto Lucas B.R. , Bezerra Ewertton S. , Shield Anthony J. , Trajano Gabriel S. 
Published: April 2020

Power training has been suggested to be effective in improving strength, power, and functional capacity in older adults. However, there is still a lack of systematic investigations reporting its effectiveness for muscle hypertrophy. Thus, this study investigated the effect of power training on muscle hypertrophy and compared its magnitude with traditional moderate-velocity resistance training in older adults. A systematic search was conducted to identify clinical trials investigating the effect of power training on muscle hypertrophy (power training vs. control) and/or comparing the effect of power training versus moderate-velocity resistance training for a meta-analytical approach. Ten studies comparing power training to control conditions and 9 studies comparing power training to moderate-velocity resistance training were selected. Three studies were classified as high quality and 2 were preregistered. The meta-analysis showed that power training was superior for muscle hypertrophy compared with control condition (n = 8 studies; standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04, 0.58; p = 0.029), and resulted in similar hypertrophy compared with moderate-velocity resistance training (n = 7 studies; SMD = 0.07; 95% CI = –0.18, 0.32; p = 0.50). No significant heterogeneity was observed (p = 0.46 and 0.54, and I2= 0% and 0%, respectively). Our data suggest that power training is effective for muscle hypertrophy in older adults, with similar effectiveness as moderate-velocity resistance training. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019128951.)Novelty It is known that power training might be superior to moderate-velocity resistance training for function improvements in older adults, but there was no meta-analysis investigating its effect on muscle hypertrophy. Power training is effective to induce muscle hypertrophy in older adults to a similar extent as moderate-velocity resistance training.
Polyvinylidene difluoride-based composite: glassy dynamics and pretransitional behaviour
Authors: Starzonek Szymon , Zhang Kena , Drozd-Rzoska Aleksandra , Rzoska Sylwester J. , Pawlikowska Emilia , Szafran Mikolaj , Gao Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents results of broadband dielectric spectroscopy studies in the composite system for which particularly strong interactions between polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF: ferroelectric polymer,TC= 453−473 K) matrix and barium strontium titanate (BST) ferroelectric micro-particles can be expected. For PVDF the super-Arrhenius (SA) dynamics, associated with segmental motions freezing at the glass temperatureTg= 235 K, is evidenced. The addition of BST particles qualitatively changes dynamics, converting the SA-type behaviour in PVDF to the clear Arrhenius one in BST/PVDF composite. The latter crossovers to the relaxor-type SA dynamics on cooling, exactly at the glass temperature of PVDF. The preliminary model explaining such unique behaviour is proposed. For the consistent portraying of the SA evolution of primary relaxation times in PVDF and BST/PVDF, the activation energy index analysis was carried out and the new equation, entropy and symmetry controlled, is introduced. Studies are accomplished by the analysis of the ferroelectric-paraelectric transition in PVDF and for the composite system. They led to the discovery of the strong pretransitional anomaly ofdε∕dT, extending even to the vicinity of the room temperature, The semi-discontinuous nature of melting in PVDF and its composites, with the discontinuity metric △T≈ 20 K is suggested.Graphical abstract
Instability and phase transitions of a rotating black hole in the presence of perfect fluid dark matter
Authors: Hendi Seyed Hossein , Nemati Azadeh , Lin Kai , Jamil Mubasher 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study the thermodynamic features of a rotating black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. We analyze the critical behavior of the black hole by considering the known relationship between pressure and cosmological constant. We show that the black hole admits a first order phase transition and, both rotation and perfect fluid dark matter parameters have a significant impact on the critical quantities. We also introduce a new ad hoc pressure related to the perfect fluid dark matter and find a first order van der Waals like phase transition. In addition, using the sixth order WKB method, we investigate the massless scalar quasinormal modes (QNMs) for the static spherically symmetric black hole surrounded by dark matter. Using the finite difference scheme, the dynamical evolution of the QNMs is also discussed for different values of angular momentum and overtone parameters.
A CMB search for the neutrino mass mechanism and its relation to the Hubble tension
Authors: Escudero Miguel , Witte Samuel J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe majoron, a pseudo-Goldstone boson arising from the spontaneous breaking of global lepton number, is a generic feature of many models intended to explain the origin of the small neutrino masses. In this work, we investigate potential imprints in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) arising from massive majorons, should they thermalize with neutrinos after Big Bang Nucleosynthesis via inverse neutrino decays. We show that measurements of the CMB are currently sensitive to neutrino-majoron couplings as small as $$\lambda \sim 10^{-13}$$λ∼10-13, which if interpreted in the context of the type-I seesaw mechanism correspond to a lepton number symmetry breaking scale $$v_L \sim {\mathcal {O}}(100) \, \mathrm{GeV}$$vL∼O(100)GeV. Additionally, we identify parameter space for which the majoron-neutrino interactions, collectively with an extra contribution to the effective number of relativistic species $$N_\mathrm{eff}$$Neff, can ameliorate the outstanding $$H_0$$H0 tension.
Endothelial Palmitoylation Cycling Coordinates Vessel Remodeling in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Wei Xiaochao , Adak Sangeeta , Zayed Mohamed , Yin Li , Feng Chu , Speck Sarah L. , Kathayat Rahul S. , Zhang Qiang , Dickinson Bryan C. , Semenkovich Clay F. 
Published: April 2020

Rationale:
Peripheral artery disease, common in metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, responds poorly to medical interventions and is characterized by chronic vessel immaturity leading to lower extremity amputations.

Objective:
To define the role of reversible palmitoylation at the endothelium in the maintenance of vascular maturity.

Methods and Results:

Endothelial knockout of the depalmitoylation enzyme APT-1 (acyl-protein thioesterase 1) in mice impaired recovery from chronic hindlimb ischemia, a model of peripheral artery disease. Endothelial APT-1 deficiency decreased fibronectin processing, disrupted adherens junctions, and inhibited in vitro lumen formation. In an unbiased palmitoylation proteomic screen of endothelial cells from genetically modified mice, R-Ras, known to promote vessel maturation, was preferentially affected by APT-1 deficiency. R-Ras was validated as an APT-1 substrate, and click chemistry analyses demonstrated increased R-Ras palmitoylation in cells with APT-1 deficiency. APT-1 enzyme activity was decreased in endothelial cells from
db/db
mice. Hyperglycemia decreased APT-1 activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, due, in part, to altered acetylation of the APT-1 protein. Click chemistry analyses demonstrated increased R-Ras palmitoylation in the setting of hyperglycemia. Altered R-Ras trafficking, increased R-Ras palmitoylation, and fibronectin retention were found in diabetes mellitus models. Loss of R-Ras depalmitoylation caused by APT-1 deficiency constrained R-Ras membrane trafficking, as shown by total internal reflection fluorescence imaging. To rescue cellular phenotypes, we generated an R-Ras molecule with an inserted hydrophilic domain to circumvent membrane rigidity caused by defective palmitoylation turnover. This modification corrected R-Ras membrane trafficking, restored fibronectin processing, increased adherens junctions, and rescued defective lumen formation induced by APT-1 deficiency.

Conclusions:
These results suggest that endothelial depalmitoylation is regulated by the metabolic milieu and controls plasma membrane partitioning to maintain vascular homeostasis.
Coronary Artery Calcium for Personalized Allocation of Aspirin in Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in 2019
Authors: Cainzos-Achirica Miguel , Miedema Michael D. , McEvoy John W. , Al Rifai Mahmoud , Greenland Philip , Dardari Zeina , Budoff Matthew , Blumenthal Roger S. , Yeboah Joseph , Duprez Daniel A. , Mortensen Martin Bødtker , Dzaye Omar , Hong Jonathan , Nasir Khurram , Blaha Michael J. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Primary Prevention Guidelines recommended considering low-dose aspirin therapy only among adults 40 to 70 years of age who are at higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk but not at high risk of bleeding. However, it remains unclear how these patients are best identified. The present study aimed to assess the value of coronary artery calcium (CAC) for guiding aspirin allocation for primary prevention by using 2019 aspirin meta-analysis data on cardiovascular disease relative risk reduction and bleeding risk.

Methods:

The study included 6470 participants from the MESA Study (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). ASCVD risk was estimated using the pooled cohort equations, and 3 strata were defined: <5%, 5% to 20%, and >20%. All participants underwent CAC scoring at baseline, and CAC scores were stratified as =0, 1 to 99, ≥100, and ≥400. A 12% relative risk reduction in cardiovascular disease events was used for the 5-year number needed to treat (NNT
5
) calculations, and a 42% relative risk increase in major bleeding events was used for the 5-year number needed to harm (NNH
5
) estimations.

Results:

Only 5% of MESA participants would qualify for aspirin consideration for primary prevention according to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines and using >20% estimated ASCVD risk to define higher risk. Benefit/harm calculations were restricted to aspirin-naive participants <70 years of age not at high risk of bleeding (n=3540). The overall NNT
5
with aspirin to prevent 1 cardiovascular disease event was 476 and the NNH
5
was 355. The NNT
5
was also greater than or similar to the NNH
5
among estimated ASCVD risk strata. Conversely, CAC≥100 and CAC≥400 identified subgroups in which NNT
5
was lower than NNH
5
. This was true both overall (for CAC≥100, NNT
5
=140 versus NNH
5
=518) and within ASCVD risk strata. Also, CAC=0 identified subgroups in which the NNT
5
was much higher than the NNH
5
(overall, NNT
5
=1190 versus NNH
5
=567).

Conclusions:
CAC may be superior to the pooled cohort equations to inform the allocation of aspirin in primary prevention. Implementation of current 2019 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline recommendations together with the use of CAC for further risk assessment may result in a more personalized, safer allocation of aspirin in primary prevention. Confirmation of these findings in experimental settings is needed.
Vocal Biomarker Is Associated With Hospitalization and Mortality Among Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Maor Elad , Perry Daniella , Mevorach Dana , Taiblum Nimrod , Luz Yotam , Mazin Israel , Lerman Amir , Koren Gideon , Shalev Varda 
Published: April 2020

Background

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the association of voice signal analysis with adverse outcome among patients with congestive heart failure (
CHF
).

Methods and Results

The study cohort included 10 583 patients who were registered to a call center of patients who had chronic conditions including
CHF
in Israel between 2013 and 2018. A total of 223 acoustic features were extracted from 20 s of speech for each patient. A biomarker was developed based on a training cohort of non‐
CHF
patients (N=8316). The biomarker was tested on a mutually exclusive
CHF
study cohort (N=2267) and was evaluated as a continuous and ordinal (4 quartiles) variable. Median age of the
CHF
study population was 77 (interquartile range 68–83) and 63% were men. During a median follow‐up of 20 months (interquartile range 9–34), 824 (36%) patients died. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed higher cumulative probability of death with increasing quartiles (23%, 29%, 38%, and 54%;
P
<0.001). Survival analysis with adjustment to known predictors of poor survival demonstrated that each SD increase in the biomarker was associated with a significant 32% increased risk of death during follow‐up (95% CI, 1.24–1.41,
P
<0.001) and that compared with the lowest quartile, patients in the highest quartile were 96% more likely to die (95%
CI
, 1.59–2.42,
P
<0.001). The model consistently demonstrated an independent association of the biomarker with hospitalizations during follow‐up (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Noninvasive vocal biomarker is associated with adverse outcome among
CHF
patients, suggesting a possible role for voice analysis in telemedicine and
CHF
patient care.
Primate Version of Modified Rankin Scale for Classifying Dysfunction in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Wu Di , Wu Longfei , Chen Jian , Huber Mitchell , He Xiaoduo , Li Shengli , Ding Yuchuan , Ji Xunming 
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose—
Nonhuman primates are increasingly used in translational studies of ischemic stroke. However, current scoring systems in monkeys (eg, Nonhuman Primate Stroke Scale) do not focus on impairments in activities of daily living, so clinically relevant data are scarce for evaluating functional deficits in this model.

Methods—
Here, we referenced the modified Rankin Scale to provide a primate version of Rankin Scale (pRS) for ranking neurological dysfunction in monkeys following stroke. We selected hand function and strength, level of activity, and general mobility as the main components of pRS. We also analyzed interobserver variability.

Results—
pRS is a simple scale with only 6 levels. Functional deficit can be easily classified into none (category 0), slight (categories 1–2), moderate (category 3–4), and severe disabilities (category 5) based on pRS. We validated this scoring system on 11 monkeys, all with varying levels of neurological dysfunction following stroke, assessed by blinded testers. After a short training period, both technicians and neurology residents were able to achieve a high level of consistency using this scoring system.

Conclusions—
pRS is a simple and reliable functional scale, similar to the widely used modified Rankin Scale, for evaluating long-term neurological dysfunction in nonhuman primates. We recommend further validation studies and analyses.
Is Technology Jewish? A Conversation with Heidegger
Authors: Lapidot Elad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This essay examines the relation between Heidegger’s thoughts on technology and his anti-Jewish passages in the Black Notebooks. Going beyond the debate on anti-Semitism, the essay proposes a reading of these passages in their immediate context, which is Heidegger’s earlier critique of modern technology. To frame and further contextualize this reading, the first part of the essay introduces the broader horizon of Heidegger’s work on technology, tracing its internal development from the mid-1930s to his final words.
Diplomats, Domestic Agency and the Implementation of Sanctions: The MFAs of France and Germany in the Age of Geoeconomic Diplomacy
Authors: Olsen Kim B. 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Tasked with the implementation of complex geoeconomic instruments such as trade and investment regulations, targeted economic assistance and sanctions regimes, European ministries of foreign affairs (MFAs) are increasingly exposed to a field introduced as geoeconomic diplomacy. This article argues that traditional literature on states’ strategic use of economic power has underestimated how MFAs of liberal and tightly integrated market economies are challenged in their abilities to realise geoeconomic objectives. Mitigating such challenges requires diplomats to engage extensively with multiple domestic state and non-state actors relevant to the state-market nexus. Through a comparative case study of France and Germany, the article demonstrates how major European MFAs have recently streamlined their organisational approaches to the geoeconomic field in various ways, and analyses how French and German diplomats were bound to manage multifaceted, yet different, domestic agency relations in their quests to successfully implement the European Union’s sanctions regime against Russia in 2014-2016.
The Leyenda de Alejandro: an Islamic and Andalusi Version of the Alexander Romance
Authors: Guidotti Giulia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article aims to shed new light on the Leyenda de Alejandro, an Andalusi Arabic version of the Alexander Romance. It was written by an anonymous Muslim writer around the 15th century and published in 1929 by Emilio García Gómez. The content of this highly fragmented, and sometimes even contradictory, text will be compared to the content of other Syriac and Arabic literary works regarding Alexander/Ḏū l-Qarnayn (“the Two-Horned”), with special focus on the inconsistent features of the text, as well as on the Islamic adaptations of the polytheistic features of the Syriac Alexander Romance. The last section will deal with the language of the text (a variety of Andalusi Middle Arabic) and will question its affiliation to the Western-Arabic branch of the Alexander Romance.
Identifying influencing factors of sustainable public service transformation: a systematic literature review
Authors: Enang Iniobong , Asenova Darinka , Bailey Stephen J. 
Published: April 2020

This article continues the conversation on public service innovation and transformation in the International Review of Administrative Sciences. Political, socio-economic and technological changes drive public service transformation in rendering current service delivery models increasingly ineffective. However, public service transformation introduces risks. This article finds a paucity of academic research into those risks, highlighting need for their management. The key conclusion is that risk management, leadership and public participation can facilitate or hinder public service transformation. Points for practitioners Risk management features prominently in public and private sector discourse, and is perceived as a core element of corporate governance and a tool for achieving strategic objectives. It is key to facilitating public service transformation and ensuring that organizational objectives are achieved because it can optimise inherent opportunities while mitigating associated risks. This article contributes to public administration practice by developing a new conceptualization of the role of risk management in public service transformation.
Acupuncture stimulation attenuates TNF-α production via vagal modulation in the concanavalin A model of hepatitis
Authors: Lim Hee-Don , Kim Ki-Joong , Jo Byung Gon , Park Ji-Yeun , Namgung Uk 
Published: April 2020

Background: A growing body of evidence shows that neuronal activity is involved in modulating the efficacy of acupuncture therapy. However, it has been seldom investigated whether neuronal activity following acupuncture stimulation is effective at regulating hepatic inflammation. Objective: Using the concanavalin A (ConA) model of hepatitis, we investigated the regulation of inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the liver tissue and the blood after acupuncture stimulation at ST36. Methods: Mice were subjected to ConA injection, acupuncture stimulation at ST36 by manual acupuncture (MA) or electroacupuncture (EA) procedures, and vagotomy (VNX). Liver tissue and blood were collected for TNF-α analysis. TNF-α mRNA was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and TNF-α, CD11b, CD68, and Erk1/2 proteins were analyzed by Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: TNF-α mRNA and protein were induced in CD11b-positive hepatic cells and the plasma at 6–24 h after ConA injection. The application of MA or EA was very effective at attenuating the production of TNF-α. Anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture were greatly suppressed by VNX in ConA-injected animals, suggesting the requirement of vagus nerve activity in acupuncture-mediated anti-inflammatory responses. Electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve (SNS) resulted in an anti-inflammatory effect similar to acupuncture stimulation. In parallel with TNF-α, production of phospho-Erk1/2, which was induced in the liver tissue, was downregulated by MA and EA in liver cells. Conclusion: The regulatory effects of acupuncture stimulation on inflammatory responses in the liver may be modulated through the activation of the vagus nerve pathway.
Knowledge, Adherence to Lifestyle Recommendations, and Quality of Life Among Koreans With Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Haejung , Park Gaeun , Lee Kyoung Suk , Jin HyeKyung , Chun Kook-Jin , Kim Jong Hyun 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To assess heart failure (HF) knowledge, adherence to lifestyle recommendations, and quality of life (QOL) among Koreans with HF and identify factors influencing QOL. Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational design was used and a total of 142 Koreans with HF were recruited between April 2012 and September 2013. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression with SPSS version 21.0. Results: The mean age of participants was 64.1 ± 7.4 years. A higher proportion of participants were male, married, unemployed, had a high education level, and class I New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional status. A higher proportion of participants had ≥2 comorbidities and the most prevalent comorbidity was diabetes. The mean score of HF knowledge was 6.9 (possible range 0-15) and the most frequent incorrect items were “proper actions to reduce thirst” and “causes of leg swelling” in both better and worse QOL groups. Among the recommended lifestyle, pneumococcal vaccination had the least adherence in both groups. Multiple logistic regression showed that patients in NYHA class I, with a higher left ventricular ejection fraction, who had knowledge of “amount of fluid intake a day” and consumed more than moderate alcohol tended to have better QOL. Conclusion: More active interventions targeting HF knowledge in proper actions to reduce thirst, causes of leg swelling, and the amount of fluid intake per day are required. Patients with HF in more serious condition need special attention regarding the risk of worse QOL. The role of alcohol consumption in QOL among HF patients in Korea needs further exploration.