bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L-GALAXIES 2020: Spatially resolved cold gas phases, star formation, and chemical enrichment in galactic discs
Authors: Henriques Bruno M B , Yates Robert M , Fu Jian , Guo Qi , Kauffmann Guinevere , Srisawat Chaichalit , Thomas Peter A , White Simon D M 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We have updated the Munich galaxy formation model, L-galaxies, to follow the radial distributions of stars and atomic and molecular gas in galaxy discs. We include an H2-based star-formation law, as well as a detailed chemical-enrichment model with explicit mass-dependent delay times for SN-II, SN-Ia, and AGB stars. Information about the star formation, feedback, and chemical-enrichment histories of discs is stored in 12 concentric rings. The new model retains the success of its predecessor in reproducing the observed evolution of the galaxy population, in particular, stellar mass functions and passive fractions over the redshift range 0 ≤ z ≤ 3 and mass range $8\le \log (M_*/\hbox{$\rm \, M_{\odot }$})\le 12$, the black hole-bulge mass relation at z = 0, galaxy morphology as a function of stellar mass and the mass–metallicity relations of both stellar and gas components. In addition, its detailed modelling of the radial structure of discs allows qualitatively new comparisons with observation, most notably with the relative sizes and masses of the stellar, atomic, and molecular components in discs. Good agreement is found with recent data. Comparison of results obtained for simulations differing in mass resolution by more than two orders of magnitude shows that all important distributions are numerically well converged even for this more detailed model. An examination of metallicity and surface-density gradients in the stars and gas indicates that our new model, with star formation, chemical enrichment, and feedback calculated self-consistently on local disc scales, reproduces some but not all of the trends seen in recent many-galaxy IFU surveys.
Updated pulsation period relations of γ Dor-type stars in eclipsing binaries: the case of KIC 2557430
Authors: Hoyman Barış , Çakırlı Ömür , Özdarcan Orkun 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We employ optical spectroscopy and Kepler photometry to derive the physical properties and pulsational characteristics of the detached system KIC 2557430. We find that the system is formed by F-type components. Combining results from the analysis of spectroscopic data and Kepler photometry, we calculate masses and radii of the primary and the secondary components as M1 = 1.69 ± 0.03 M⊙, M2 = 1.35 ± 0.02 M⊙ and R1 = 1.88 ± 0.02 R⊙, R2 = 1.23 ± 0.03 R⊙, respectively. Position of the primary component in the HR diagram is in the region of γ Doradus-type pulsators and the residuals from light curve modelling exhibit additional light variation with a dominant period of ∼0.5 d−1. These are clear evidence of the γ Doradus-type pulsations on the primary component. Focusing on the γ Dor primaries, with their currently known numbers in eclipsing binaries to compare against, we probe the role binary stars might play, to understand the nature of γ Dor-type pulsations.
Magnetic energy dissipation and origin of non-thermal spectra in radiatively efficient relativistic sources
Authors: Sobacchi E , Lyubarsky Y E 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The dissipation of turbulent magnetic fields is an appealing scenario to explain the origin of non-thermal particles in high-energy astrophysical sources. However, it has been suggested that the particle distribution may effectively thermalize when the radiative (synchrotron and/or Inverse Compton) losses are severe. Inspired by recent particle-in-cell simulations of relativistic turbulence, which show that electrons are impulsively heated in intermittent current sheets by a strong electric field aligned with the local magnetic field, we instead argue that in plasmas where the particle number density is dominated by the pairs (electron–positron and electron–positron–ion plasmas): (i) as an effect of fast cooling and of different injection times, the electron energy distribution is dne/dγ ∝ γ−2 for γ ≲ γheat (the Lorentz factor γheat being close to the equipartition value), while the distribution steepens at higher energies; (ii) since the time-scales for the turbulent fields to decay and for the photons to escape are of the same order, the magnetic and the radiation energy densities in the dissipation region are comparable; (iii) if the mass energy of the plasma is dominated by the ion component, the pairs with a Lorentz factor smaller than a critical one (of the order of the proton-to-electron mass ratio) become isotropic, while the pitch angle remains small otherwise. The outlined scenario is consistent with the typical conditions required to reproduce the spectral energy distribution of blazars, and allows one to estimate the magnetization of the emission site. Finally, we show that turbulence within the Crab Nebula may power the observed gamma-ray flares if the pulsar wind is nearly charge separated at high latitudes.
The impact of the connectivity of the cosmic web on the physical properties of galaxies at its nodes
Authors: Kraljic Katarina , Pichon Christophe , Codis Sandrine , Laigle Clotilde , Davé Romeel , Dubois Yohan , Hwang Ho Seong , Pogosyan Dmitri , Arnouts Stéphane , Devriendt Julien , Musso Marcello , Peirani Sébastien , Slyz Adrianne , Treyer Marie 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the impact of the number of filaments connected to the nodes of the cosmic web on the physical properties of their galaxies using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We compare these measurements to the cosmological hydrodynamical simulations H orizon-(no)AGN and Simba. We find that more massive galaxies are more connected, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions and measurements in dark-matter-only simulations. The star formation activity and morphology of observed galaxies both display some dependence on the connectivity of the cosmic web at a fixed stellar mass: Less star forming and less rotation supported galaxies also tend to have higher connectivity. These results qualitatively hold both for observed and for virtual galaxies, and can be understood given that the cosmic web is the main source of fuel for galaxy growth. The simulations show the same trends at a fixed halo mass, suggesting that the geometry of filamentary infall impacts galaxy properties beyond the depth of the local potential well. Based on simulations, it is also found that active galactic nucleus feedback is key to reversing the relationship between stellar mass and connectivity at a fixed halo mass. Technically, connectivity is a practical observational proxy for past and present accretion (minor mergers or diffuse infall).
Abdul R. JanMohamed
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Tirtha Prasad 
Published: November 2019

Abdul R. JanMohamed (b. 1945) has made a seminal contribution to postcolonial and black studies since the early 1980s. JanMohamed was born and raised in Kenya and educated in Britain and the United States, receiving his PhD from Brandeis University. Since 1982 he has taught in the English Department of the University of California, Berkeley, and has also been Longstreet Professor of English at Emory University. He developed a body of Marxian-psychoanalytical criticism based on Marx, Foucault, Fanon, and Freud. Most of his important publications came out in the 1980s and 1990s, although he is continuing to write and diversify into other areas of postcolonial criticism like Subaltern and Dalit literature. In the 1980s JanMohamed started with analysis of the psychopolitical structures of colonial and African English novels written by Joyce Cary, Isak Dinesen, Nadine Gordimer, Chinua Achebe, Alex La Guma, and Ngugi wa Thiong’o. In the next phase of his writings, he critiqued the African American slave autobiography of abolitionist Frederick Douglass and the novels of Richard Wright, which now constitute an ideological reference for all future criticism on the literature of colonized and marginalized peoples. His most important single-author publications include Manichean Aesthetics: The Politics of Literature in Colonial Africa (1983) for which he was awarded the Choice book of the year award in 1984. The other crucial read is The Death-Bound-Subject: Richard Wright’s Archaeology of Death (2005) about which Rolland Murray insightfully commented in the journal Novel: A Forum on Fiction (Murray 2006, cited under Book Reviews) that “Should African American studies continue in its pursuit of rendering the vagaries of death intellectually legible, the field should turn to this book as one of its signal events” (Exquisite Corpus, p. 302). JanMohamed considers racial lynching as the most fundamental mode of coercion. In his work on African American Literature, he develops a reflexive Marxian-phenomenological approach through which he deconstructs the feelings of marginalized protagonists who, faced with the threat of death by lynching, begin to contemplate the effects of that threat on their subjectivities. He suggests that the threat of death activates the death drive like a negative dialectic in subjects irremediably trapped between two cultures. In 1985, along with Donna Przybylowicz, he founded and edited the journal Cultural Critique, which at the time offered one of the very few venues for the theorization of postcolonial and American minority discourses. His recent works involve psychoanalytical studies of Dalit narratives of the Indian subcontinent. JanMohamed’s critical oeuvre has been acclaimed and translated into other Asian languages.
Lactantius
Authors: Freund Stefan 
Published: November 2019

Lucius Caelius Firmianus Lactantius (c. 250–c. 325 ce) was a Christian Latin author during the Diocletianic persecution and the times of Constantine the Great. Lactantius was born in Africa, studied with the rhetor Arnobius in Sicca Veneria, and became a teacher of rhetoric himself. In about 290, Emperor Diocletian offered him a chair at the court at Nicomedia, one of the new imperial residences of the Tetrarchy. There, in 303 the author faced the beginning of the Diocletianic persecution. The injustice he believed was being done to the Christians is of utmost importance for Lactantius. In order to become the champion of the oppressed, he resolved to defend and explain the Christian faith. His first two writings conceal their Christian character: The elegy on the Phoenix (De ave Phoenice) tries to illustrate the idea of resurrection by retelling the myth of the fabulous bird which dies and comes to life again; with it Lactantius establishes a Christian Latin poetry in the classical manner. His treatise On the Workmanship of God (De opificio dei) gives a detailed account of human physiology, which suggests that it was created through the working of God’s providence. In his magnum opus, the seven books entitled Divine Institutes (Divinae institutiones), consisting of more than six hundred modern pages, Lactantius gives an apologetic overall sketch of Christian teaching for pagan readers. The Divine Institutes were finished before 311, as the whole work suggests that persecution was still in progress while it was being written. Soon after the end of persecution, i.e., in 313/314, Lactantius composed his brief work On the Deaths of the Persecutors (De mortibus persecutorum), the first Latin treatise on ecclesiastical history. When Constantine appointed Lactantius to be tutor to his son Crispus, Lactantius came to the imperial court at Trier. In the following years, Lactantius wrote On the Anger of God (De ira dei), which argues that God does indeed show wrath, and also a short version of his Divine Institutes (Epitome divinarum institutionum). An unfinished second edition of the whole Divine Institutes, which contains dedications to the emperor Constantine and passages explaining the author’s dualistic worldview, presupposes the political conditions of 324 and thus dates the author’s death to 324/325. Lactantius was read in Late Antiquity, but was often supposed to be theologically outdated or problematic. In the later Middle Ages and Renaissance, however, the “Christian Cicero,” as he was called then, was greatly admired for the way he used classical style, rhetoric, poetry, education, and mythology to explain Christianity. The Divine Institutes are contained in the first book which was printed in Italy.
Rodney Needham
Authors: Kidd Colin 
Published: November 2019

Rodney Needham (b. 1923–d. 2006) was a brilliant and daring anthropologist, possessed of considerable imagination and theoretical sophistication; a facility for languages, both European and Asian; and a broad-ranging comparativist outlook that transcended his immediate specialisms in Borneo and Indonesia. He enjoyed a keen sense of the historical depth of anthropology as a way of looking at the world, and a sharp awareness of the discipline’s wrong-turnings and recently acquired blind spots, though also a generous desire to recover the insights of those unsung but ingenious pioneers who were overlooked in the conventional canon of the discipline, for which Needham had scant regard. Needham was utterly original, as all who encountered him on the page or in person were soon aware, and did not foster a school. Indeed, he seemed to repel rather than woo potential allies. Needham was involved in several biting academic feuds with fellow anthropologists, and there is a significant roll call of anthropologists with whom he broke a lance. There was a major falling-out with Claude Lévi-Strauss, for whom Needham was for a time an acolyte and—as translator and practitioner of structuralism—the Frenchman’s most zealous missionary in the anglophone world. But things went spectacularly awry, and the reason is to be found in the temperaments of both men. For Needham was not the only English anthropologist of his generation—Leach was another—who, while finding structuralism persuasive, was to experience exasperation and disillusionment with the French master’s evasiveness in the face of uncomfortable ethnographic fact and error. Needham’s own positive contributions to the discipline were rich and multifarious, sometimes arresting. He remained unconvinced about aspects of the human condition that other anthropologists cavalierly took for granted, such as the notion that “belief” was a universal ingredient of mental life. Rather, Needham was persuaded by an accumulating mass of ethnographic evidence that certain modes of classification were intrinsic to the human mind. This was the point of departure for his anthropological project. The structuring capacity of the human mind came close to the elusive hard rock on which a robust discipline might be built.
Prosody and Meter: Early Modern to 19th Century
Authors: Martin Meredith 
Published: November 2019

Both of the terms prosody and meter have shifting and contested definitions in the history of English literature. Historically, prosody was a grammatical term adopted from early translations of Greek and then Latin grammatical models, forming part of an overarching structure: orthometry, etymology, syntax, prosody. In this structure, meter was not always named, but versification covered “the measure of language” and was a subsection of prosody, after “pronunciation, utterance, figures, versification” (or some variation on these) in most 19th-century grammar books. Therefore, prosody contains within it changing approaches to the study of pronunciation and versification. In the 20th century, prosody has become synonymous in linguistics with pronunciation, and in literary study with versification. Scholars of the history of versification are legion. The versification manual or poetic forms handbook is a genre unto itself. The beginning of these books usually accounts for inadequate predecessors; consequently, many manuals are also bibliographies. Historical discourse about versification is not limited to the manual or handbook, however, and is found in studies of poetry, school textbooks, grammar books, introductions to collected works by individual poets, addendums to dictionaries, articles and reviews of poetry in periodicals and newspapers, pronunciation guides, histories of language, and studies of translation. Because the history of the study of pronunciation in English and Irish studies is so vast, this bibliography will only consider a few key texts that consider pronunciation and versification together as prosody. The development of historical linguistics in the 19th century is concurrent with the largest proliferation of studies of prosody-as-versification, and therefore is an important context for the narrative of prosody’s dual fate in the 20th century, hovering between literary study and the science of linguistics. To provide a history of even the ways that these terms themselves have shifted is outside the scope of this bibliography. As T. V. F. Brogan rightly claimed in 1981, “In studies of the structure of verse the use of terms such as poetry, verse, accent, quantity, Numbers, Measure, rhythm, meter, prosody, versification, onomatopoeia, and rhyme/rime/ryme historically and consistently has been nothing short of Pandemonium.” (Brogan 1981, p. ix, cited under Histories of Prosodic Criticism) Indeed, any modern attempt to define prosody must wrestle with the terminological confusion that Brogan narrates. Following Brogan, this bibliography will highlight the confusion without attempting to correct it. Here, I consider both prosody and versification in their widest sense to mean “verse-theory” and not solely “linguistic prosody,” and will discuss texts that have been considered “canonical” as well as texts that consider prosody in all of its historical and cultural valences.
Microneurosurgical Removal of a Globus Pallidus Tumor With Cottonoid-Guided Intraoperative Ultrasonography: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Keleş Abdullah , Harput Mehmet Volkan , Türe Uğur 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Neuronavigation systems are standard for guiding neurosurgery. Intraoperative-ultrasonography (ioUSG), a real-time neuronavigation modality used for 40-yr in neurosurgery, is easily available, low cost, and does not require excessive preparation. It provides accurate real-time data, even after brain shift. However, even with ioUSG, defining the surgical trajectory is not easy, especially for deep-seated lesions. We used a cottonoid-patty as a marker for ioUSG to define the location of the lesion and best trajectory for safe removal, especially of deep-seated lesions. After obtaining the patient's consent, we report the case of a 10-yr-old male who presented with a 2-mo history of right hemiparesis, gait disturbance, and right central facial paresis from a left-sided globus pallidus tumor. We chose a contralateral approach because of the cortical venous anatomy, nondominant right hemisphere, and right-handed surgeon. After a right parasagittal frontal craniotomy and interhemispheric exploration, a cottonoid-patty was placed as a marker for ioUSG to determine the callosotomy location. To confirm the route, ioUSG was repeated with a second cottonoid-patty placed inside the incision at the lateral side of the thalamostriate and anterior caudate vein junction. After confirming the trajectory, the tumor was removed with microneurosurgical techniques. Total removal was confirmed with ioUSG and intraoperative-magnetic resonance imaging. Early postoperative examination revealed improved muscle strength on the right hemiparetic side. Histopathological studies revealed a mixed germ-cell tumor. ioUSG is an efficient and accurate neuronavigation modality. Using a cottonoid-patty as a marker for ioUSG is valid and reliable in determining the surgical route, especially for deep-seated midline tumors.
New insights in giant molecular cloud hosting the S147/S153 complex: signatures of interacting clouds
Authors: Dhanya Jayakumar Sushama , Dewangan Lokesh Kumar , Ojha Devendra Kumar , Mandal Subhayan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to understand the formation of massive OB stars, we report a multi-wavelength observational study of a giant molecular cloud hosting the S147/S153 complex (size ${\sim}90\:\:\mbox{pc} \times 50\:$pc). The selected complex is located in the Perseus arm, and contains at least five H ii regions (S147, S148, S149, S152, and S153) powered by massive OB stars with dynamical ages ${\sim}0.2$–$0.6\:$Myr. The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey $^{12}$CO line data (beam size ${\sim}{100{^{\prime \prime}_{.}}4}$) trace the complex in a velocity range of [$-59$, $-43]\:$km$\:$s$^{-1}$, and also reveal the presence of two molecular cloud components around $-54$ and $-49\:$km$\:$s$^{-1}$ in the direction of the complex. Signatures of the interaction/collision between these extended cloud components are investigated through their spatial and velocity connections. These outcomes suggest the collision of these molecular cloud components about $1.6\:$Myr ago. Based on the observed overlapping zones of the two clouds, the collision axis appears to be parallel to the line-of-sight. Deep near-infrared photometric analysis of point-like sources shows the distribution of infrared-excess sources in the direction of the overlapping zones of the molecular cloud components, where all the H ii regions are also spatially located. All elements put together, the birth of massive OB stars and embedded infrared-excess sources seems to be triggered by two colliding molecular clouds in the selected site. High-resolution observations of the dense gas tracer will be required to further confirm the proposed scenario.
A note on the S-dual basis in the free fermion system
Authors: Sasa Shinya , Watanabe Akimi , Matsuo Yutaka 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The free fermion system is the simplest quantum field theory which has the symmetry of the Ding–Iohara–Miki algebra (DIM). DIM has S-duality symmetry, known as Miki automorphism, which defines the transformation of generators. We introduce the second set of the fermionic basis (S-dual basis) which implements the duality transformation. It may be interpreted as the Fourier dual of the standard basis, and the inner product between the standard and the S-dual is proportional to the Hopf link invariant. We also rewrite the general topological vertex in the form of an Awata–Feigin–Shiraishi intertwiner and show that it becomes more symmetric for the duality transformation.
Paths toward the Same Form of Collective Action: Direct Social Action in Times of Crisis in Italy1,2
Authors: Bosi Lorenzo , Zamponi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeterogeneous collective actors often select the same form of action, but there is no academic investigation into how and when this happens. This article does so focusing on direct social action, that is, a form of collective action that does not primarily focus upon claiming something from the state but instead focuses upon directly transforming some specific aspects of society. Building on conceptual categories developed by social movements’ scholars (context, organization, and identity) and relying on rich qualitative and quantitative data from collective actors in Italy in a time of crisis, this article identifies four paths toward direct social actions (DSA): the social path, the political-social path, the social-political path, and the political path. In doing so, our analysis shifts from the search for causal factors to the reconstruction of the dynamic, patterned sequences of events by which collective actors progress in adopting a certain form of action. The implications of these findings extend beyond studies of DSA in times of crisis in Italy, to an analysis of collective action in general. Capturing these multiple paths also has important implications for understanding how the same form of action is differently implemented and received when it is adopted by different actors.