bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Division of an Iliac Crest Bone Biopsy Specimen to Allow Histomorphometry, Immunohistochemical, Molecular Analysis, and Tissue Banking: Technical Aspect and Applications
Authors: Picard Sylvain , Mayemba Christian N , Ung Roth‐Visal , Martel Simon , Mac‐Way Fabrice 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe evaluation of bone complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD) often requires a bone biopsy, the analysis of which can refine the diagnosis of bone defects. Bone histomorphometry performed on sections of the iliac crest biopsy remains the reference procedure for the quantitative assessment of bone health in CKD patients, whereas immunohistochemistry and other molecular biology analyses are indispensable tools for studying the disrupted signaling pathways. Traditionally, the whole iliac crest biopsy was included in methyl‐methacrylate (MMA) and was exclusively used for bone histomorphometry to describe static, dynamic, and structural parameters. Therefore, further molecular analysis of the bone tissue or the need for tissue banking would require a second biopsy to be made, because inclusion in MMA prevents the extraction of good‐quality nucleic acids. In this work, we describe a simple approach to divide a single iliac crest bone biopsy into multiple parts. This allows for simultaneous assessments of histology, immunohistochemistry, biomolecular analysis, and tissue banking while preserving the same bone surface area for histomorphometry. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Suppression of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in ex‐vivo human lung tissues by targeting class III phosphoinositide 3‐kinase
Authors: Yuen Chun‐Kit , Wong Wan‐Man , Mak Long‐Fung , Wang Xiaohui , Chu Hin , Yuen Kwok‐Yung , Kok Kin‐Hang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) emerged at the end of 2019 and caused the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic due to its high transmissibility and early immunosuppression. Previous studies on other betacoronaviruses suggested that betacoronavirus infection is associated with the host autophagy pathway. However, it is unclear whether any components of autophagy or virophagy can be therapeutic targets for COVID‐19 treatment. In this report, we examined the antiviral effect of four well‐characterized small molecule inhibitors that target the key cellular factors involved in key steps of the autophagy pathway. They include small molecules targeting the ULK1/Atg1 complex involved in the induction stage of autophagy (ULK1 inhibitor SBI0206965), the ATG14/Beclin1/VPS34 complex involved in the nucleation step of autophagy (class III PI3‐kinase inhibitor VPS34‐IN1), and a widely‐used autophagy inhibitor that persistently inhibits class I and temporary inhibits class III PI3‐kinase (3‐MA) and a clinically approved autophagy inhibitor that suppresses autophagy by inhibiting lysosomal acidification and prevents the formation of autophagolysosome (HCQ). Surprisingly, not all the tested autophagy inhibitors suppressed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. We showed that inhibition of class III PI3‐kinase involved in the initiation step of both canonical and noncanonical autophagy potently suppressed SARS‐CoV‐2 at a nano‐molar level. In addition, this specific kinase inhibitor VPS34‐IN1, and its bioavailable analogue VVPS34‐IN1, potently inhibited SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in ex vivo human lung tissues. Taken together, class III PI3‐kinase may be a possible target for COVID‐19 therapeutic development.
New Simple Ultrasound‐Guided Transforaminal Injection in Patients With Radiculopathy in the Lower Cervical Spine
Authors: Wang Yuexiang , Zhu Yaqiong , Wang Wei , Shi Yizheng , Yang Jing 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of a new simple ultrasound‐guided transforaminal injection in patients with cervical radiculopathy.MethodsUltrasound scans of the neck in a plastic model and in 5 unaffected participants were first performed to identify the intervertebral foramen. Then ultrasound‐guided transforaminal injections were performed in 20 patients with radiculopathy in the lower cervical spine, and computed tomography was used to verify the accuracy. Complications, the visual analog score, and the neck disability index were assessed at 1 and 3 months after the injection.ResultsComputed tomography confirmed that the needle tip was correctly placed in the intervertebral foramen in 88.5% (23 of 26) of injections. No immediate or short‐term complications were observed in all patients. The visual analog score and neck disability index at 1 and 3 months were significantly lower than those before the injection (both P < .0001).ConclusionsUltrasound may be a feasible and accurate method to guide cervical transforaminal injection.
Safety and Efficacy of Tattoo Removal Using a Dual‐Wavelength 1064/532‐nm Picosecond Laser in Patients With Fitzpatrick Skin Type III and IV
Authors: Nguyen Hao T. , Doan Em V.L. , Tran Tu N.A. , Vu Thao T.P. , Phan Huy N. , Sobanko Joseph F. 
Published: October 2020

Background and ObjectivesTo investigate the safety and efficacy of a dual‐wavelength 1064/532‐nm picosecond‐domain laser for tattoo removal in Vietnamese patients.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis prospective clinical study enrolled 30 subjects with 52 decorative tattoos treated with up to six treatments of laser removal at intervals of 6–8 weeks. Safety and efficacy were assessed at each treatment session and at 4 weeks after the final session. A “good” response was defined as at least 75% clearance of tattoo pigments.ResultsA significant reduction of tattoo appearance was achieved in all subjects. 88.5% of tattoos exhibited a “good” response to treatment by the end of the six sessions and more than 36% of tattoos exhibited better than “good” responses. Adverse events were common in the early period after treatment but did not persist in most patients. Only one case of prolonged hypopigmentation was reported.ConclusionsTreatment using a 1064/532‐nm picosecond laser is an effective approach for removal of decorative tattoos, which poses a minimal risk of long‐term adverse events in patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III or IV. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
The Predictive Role of Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–Lactate and Lactate Clearance for In‐Hospital Mortality Among a National Cirrhosis Cohort
Authors: Mahmud Nadim , Asrani Sumeet K. , Kaplan David E. , Ogola Gerald O. , Taddei Tamar H. , Kamath Patrick S. , Serper Marina 
Published: October 2020

The burden of cirrhosis hospitalizations is increasing. The admission Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–lactate (MELD‐lactate) was recently demonstrated to be a superior predictor of in‐hospital mortality compared with MELD in limited cohorts. We identified specific classes of hospitalizations where MELD‐lactate may be especially useful and evaluated the predictive role of lactate clearance. This was a retrospective cohort study of 1036 cirrhosis hospitalizations for gastrointestinal bleeding, infection, or other portal hypertension–related indications in the Veterans Health Administration where MELD‐lactate was measured on admission. Performance characteristics for in‐hospital mortality were compared between MELD‐lactate and MELD/MELD‐sodium (MELD‐Na), with stratified analyses of MELD categories (≤15, >15 to <25, ≥25) and reason for admission. We also incorporated day 3 lactate levels into modeling and tested for an interaction between day 1 MELD‐lactate and day 3 lactate clearance. MELD‐lactate had superior discrimination for in‐hospital mortality compared with MELD or MELD‐Na (area under the curve [AUC] 0.789 versus 0.776 versus 0.760, respectively; P < 0.001) and superior calibration. MELD‐lactate had higher discrimination among hospitalizations with MELD ≤15 (AUC 0.763 versus 0.608 for MELD, global P = 0.01) and hospitalizations for infection (AUC 0.791 versus 0.674 for MELD, global P < 0.001). We found a significant interaction between day 1 MELD‐lactate and day 3 lactate clearance; heat maps were created as clinical tools to risk‐stratify patients based on these clinical data. MELD‐lactate had significantly superior performance in predicting in‐hospital mortality among patients hospitalized for infection and/or with MELD ≤15 when compared with MELD or MELD‐Na. Incorporating day 3 lactate clearance may further improve prognostication.
Unveiling the reaction process of the amine in direct amidation of aromatic ketones in H2O
Authors: He Fangjun , Qu Rumeng , Su Jie , Du Muyao , Liu Junqiang , Chen Yiping , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the classical amidation between aromatic ketones and amines, 2.0 equivalents of amines are necessarily required to gain satisfying yields. The specific role of the amine in the direct amidation already puzzled us for a long time. In this work, we disclosed that the amine acts as both reactant and catalyst. Specifically, the determination of reaction intermediates revealed the full mechanism, based on which, the introduction of one equivalent base in the amidation is showcased here that a high yield (∼95 %) can be afforded using only 1.1 equiv. of amine.
COVID‐19 rehabilitation delivered via a telehealth pulmonary rehabilitation model: a case series
Authors: Wootton Sally L. , King Meredith , Alison Jennifer A. , Mahadev Sri , Chan Andrew S. L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInternational statements have suggested the pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) model as an appropriate rehabilitation option for people recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In this case series, we present our COVID‐19 telehealth rehabilitation programme, delivered within a PR setting, and discuss the management of our first three cases. All patients were male, with a median age of 73 years. Following hospital discharge, the patients presented with persistent limitations and/or symptoms (e.g. breathlessness, fatigue, and reduced exercise capacity) which warranted community‐based rehabilitation. Patients were assessed and provided with an initial six‐week rehabilitation programme supported via telehealth using a treatable traits approach. Patients demonstrated improvements in exercise capacity and breathlessness; however, fatigue levels worsened in two cases and this was attributed to the difficulties of managing returning to work and/or carer responsibilities whilst trying to recover from a severe illness. We found that PR clinicians were well prepared and able to provide an individualized rehabilitation programme for people recovering from COVID‐19.
Investigating the Immunostimulatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of cis and trans Isomers of Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes on the Mammalian Macrophage‐Like Cells
Authors: Ayaz Furkan , Colak Suleyman Gokhan , Ocakoglu Kasim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractImmunomodulatory and immunostimulatory compounds are drug candidates for the regulation of the function of immune system cells to fight against disease conditions including cancer to autoimmunity as well as inflammatory disorders. Due to the electron transfer capacity of photosensitizers in solar cell structures, we hypothesized that they can also be used to regulate the immune system cells’ functions possibly through interfering with their electron transfer related activities. We examined the cis and trans isomers (cis‐Ru and trans‐Ru) of ruthenium polypyridyl complex on the activated macrophage‐like cells in vitro. Our results suggest immunostimulatory and positive immunomodulatory roles for the ruthenium complex.These compounds increased the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pro‐inflammatory cytokine by macrophage‐like cells. Therefore, both cis and trans isomers can be used as a new generation of adjuvant candidates in the vaccine formulations to further boost the activity of immune cells against the disease agent or antigen.
Curcuminoids versus Pyrazole‐Modified Analogues: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity against HepG2 Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Pham Van Thi Bich , Nguyen Tien Vinh , Nguyen Hien Van , Nguyen Triet Thanh , Hoang Hao Minh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwenty compounds including curcuminoids and their pyrazole‐modified analogues were synthesized in a two‐step reaction: (i) condensation between benzaldehyde derivatives and pentane‐2,4‐dione and (ii) pyrazole cyclization of the 1,3‐diketone group in the resulting curcuminoids with hydrazine hydrate. The synthesized compounds were assayed for in vitro anticancer activity against HepG2 cancer cell line by determining their half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Pyrazole curcuminoid (1 a, IC50=1.53±0.11 μM) was found to be the most potent molecule against the cancer cells. The pyrazole curcuminoids (1 a–3 a,5 a) significantly exhibited between 2‐ to 23‐fold higher anticancer activities when compared with their parent structures (1–3,5). However, the class of fluorinated analogues (7–10;7 a–10 a) displayed inactivities or activities close to those of respecting compounds (1–6;1 a–6 a). Structure‐activity relationship analysis indicated that the phenolic motif is responsible for inhibition of cell growth whereas the fluoro/methoxy substituents on the aromatic rings have insignificant contributions to inhibitory activities against HepG2.
CuI/I2‐Catalyzed Concise Synthesis of Substituted 6‐Aminoisoquinolinoquinazoline Carboxylates from Anthranilamide
Authors: Gal Reddy Potuganti , Reddy Indukuri Divakar , Alla Manjula 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA one pot sequential addition protocol for synthesis of polycyclic quinazolines with β‐amino acid motifs has been achieved starting from anthranilamide. Initial in situ formation of 2‐(2‐bromophenyl)quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one followed by addition of alkyl cyanoacetates catalyzed by copper (I) salts gives the target compound in good to excellent yields. The expedient and facile cascade protocol involves nucleophilic α‐arylation, intramolecular cycloamidation of nitriles followed by 1,3‐hydrogen shift allowing direct access to 6‐amino‐8‐oxo‐8H‐isoquinolino[1,2‐b]quinazoline‐5‐carboxylates.
Two types of somatic spines provide sites for intercellular signaling during calyx of Held growth and maturation
Authors: Jackson Dakota , Holcomb Paul , Ellisman Mark , Spirou George 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDendritic spines have been described in developing and mature systems, but similar extensions from cell bodies are less studied. We utilized electron microscopy image volumes, uniquely collected across a range of early postnatal and month‐old mice, to characterize and describe two types of somatic processes that extended into and under the developing calyx of Held (CH), which we named type 1 and type 2 spines. Type 1 spines occurred singly, were mostly vermiform in shape, and formed regularly spaced indentations into the CH. Type 1 spines appeared in concert with the earliest expansion of the CH by P3, peaked at P6 and returned to low density at P30. Type 2 spines were intertwined into a secondary structure called a spine mat, which has not previously been described in the CNS, and were more complex geometrically. Type 2 spines formed after the CH crossed a size threshold, reached maximum density at P9, and were absent from most CHs at P30. Both spine types, but a higher density of type 1 spines, were sites for synapse formation. Spine mats brought pre‐ and postsynaptic neurons and glial cells into contact, and were captured in stages of partial detachment and engulfment by the presynaptic terminal, suggesting trans‐endocytosis as a mode of removal ahead of maturity. In conglomerate, these observations reveal somatic spines to be sites for chemical neurotransmission and chemical sampling among synaptic partners and glia as tissue structure transforms into mature neural circuits.
Rethinking Adoption and Diffusion as a Collective Social Process: Towards an Interactional Perspective
Authors: Leeuwis Cees , Aarts Noelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAgricultural development is looked at as a process in which the adoption of innovations plays an important role. In this context, there has been considerable interest in understanding how adoption processes work. This chapter starts from the observation that adoption has been conceptualised in most research and development efforts as a process at the level of individuals and/or individual households, resulting in the dominance of social-psychological modes of thinking. Drawing on case experiences and recent theories of innovation, this paper points towards the critical role that several types of interdependencies play in adoption processes, which leads to the conclusion that in many instances, adoption must be regarded as a collective rather than an individual process. It is therefore important to complement and re-orient our thinking about adoption and resort to more sociological and interactional concepts and explanations. After a discussion of relevant concepts, the chapter concludes with some reflection on how this perspective may inspire a different way of approaching two topical issues in the realm of agricultural innovation: scaling and ICT4Ag.
Digital Technologies, Big Data, and Agricultural Innovation
Authors: Sonka Steven T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInnovation in agricultural practices and food system performance is urgently needed to effectively respond to societal challenges of today and tomorrow. Expanding population, a changing climate, environmental distress, and the need for more nutritious and safe food supplies are only a few of those challenges. In response, new tools employing digital technology and big data are being developed and applied within agricultural production systems. This chapter explores the potential for the effective implementation of such tools and their prospective impact. While these tools provide the means to measure agricultural production activities as they happen, it is important to stress that adoption hinges on both technological and economic factors. The tools of digital technologies and big data are intriguing because their implementation is a key form of innovation and because the use of these technologies can foster additional innovation by making existing innovation systems even more effective.
Microstate geometries from gauged supergravity in three dimensions
Authors: Mayerson Daniel R. , Walker Robert A. , Warner Nicholas P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The most detailed constructions of microstate geometries, and particularly of superstrata, are done using $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) supergravity coupled to two anti-self-dual tensor multiplets in six dimensions. We show that an important sub-sector of this theory has a consistent truncation to a particular gauged supergravity in three dimensions. Our consistent truncation is closely related to those recently laid out by Samtleben and Sarıoğlu [1], which enables us to develop complete uplift formulae from the three-dimensional theory to six dimensions. We also find a new family of multi-mode superstrata, indexed by two arbitrary holomorphic functions of one complex variable, that live within our consistent truncation and use this family to provide extensive tests of our consistent truncation. We discuss some of the future applications of having an intrinsically three-dimensional formulation of a significant class of microstate geometries.
Relaxation-Enhanced Angiography Without Contrast and Triggering (REACT) for Fast Imaging of Extracranial Arteries in Acute Ischemic Stroke at 3 T
Authors: Pennig Lenhard , Kabbasch Christoph , Hoyer Ulrike Cornelia Isabel , Lennartz Simon , Zopfs David , Goertz Lukas , Laukamp Kai Roman , Wagner Anton , Grunz Jan-Peter , Doerner Jonas , Persigehl Thorsten , Weiss Kilian , Borggrefe Jan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate a novel flow-independent 3D isotropic REACT sequence compared with CE-MRA for the imaging of extracranial arteries in acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods
This was a retrospective study of 35 patients who underwent a stroke protocol at 3 T including REACT (fixed scan time: 2:46 min) and CE-MRA of the extracranial arteries. Three radiologists evaluated scans regarding vessel delineation, signal, and contrast and assessed overall image noise and artifacts using 5-point scales (5: excellent delineation/no artifacts). Apparent signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios (aSNR/aCNR) were measured for the common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA, C1 segment), and vertebral artery (V2 segment). Two radiologists graded the degree of proximal ICA stenosis.

Results
Compared to REACT, CE-MRA showed better delineation for the CCA and ICA (C1 and C2 segments) (median 5, range 2–5 vs. 4, range 3–5; P < 0.05). For the ICA (C1 and C2 segments), REACT provided a higher signal (5, range 3–5; P < 0.05/4.5, range 3–5; P > 0.05 vs. 4, range 2–5) and contrast (5, range 3–5 vs. 4, range 2–5; P > 0.05) than CE-MRA. The remaining segments of the blood-supplying vessels showed equal medians. There was no significant difference regarding artifacts, whereas REACT provided significantly lower image noise (4, range 3–5 vs. 4 range 2–5; P < 0.05) with a higher aSNR (P < 0.05) and aCNR (P < 0.05) for all vessels combined. For clinically relevant (≥50%) ICA stenosis, REACT achieved a detection sensitivity of 93.75% and a specificity of 100%.

Conclusion
Given its fast acquisition, comparable image quality to CE-MRA and high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ICA stenosis, REACT was proven to be a clinically applicable method to assess extracranial arteries in AIS.
The southern Central Asian mountains as an ancient agricultural mixing zone: new archaeobotanical data from Barikot in the Swat valley of Pakistan
Authors: Spengler Robert N. , Tang Li , Nayak Ayushi , Boivin Nicole , Olivieri Luca Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mountain foothills of inner Asia have served as a corridor of communication and exchange for at least five millennia, using historically documented trade routes such as the Silk Road and the Tea-Horse Road. Recent research has illustrated the important role that this mountain corridor played in the dispersal of crops and farming technology between northeast and southwest Asia 5,000 to 1,000 years ago. However, the role of the mountain valleys along the southern rim of the Pamirs and Himalaya in facilitating crop dispersals has not yet been fully explored. Notably, ongoing debates over secondary dispersals ofHordeum(barley) andTriticum(wheat) into China and the routes of dispersal for the East Asian cropsOryza sativa(rice),Prunus persica(peach) andP. armeniaca(apricot) into northern India are continuing topics of inquiry. In this article, we add to these discussions by focusing on archaeobotanical remains from the Barikot site (ca. 1200bce–50ce) in the Swat valley of northern Pakistan. The Swat valley is an ancient settlement zone in the Hindu Kush-Karakoram foothills, whose cultural features have always had a strong link with inner Asia. The archaeobotanical assemblage illustrates that a diverse array of crops, with origins across Asia, were cultivated around the same settlement. Additionally, these farmers likely implemented seasonal cropping cycles and irrigation that required various labour inputs and water management regimes.