bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of frequent fire and mowing on resprouting shrubs of Florida scrub, USA
Authors: Menges Eric S. , Smith Stacy A. , Olano Jose M. , Schafer Jennifer L. , Clarke Gretel , Main Kevin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundResprouting is an effective strategy for persistence of perennial plants after disturbances such as fire. However, can disturbances be so frequent that they limit resprouting? We examined the effects of fire and mowing frequency on eight species of resprouting shrubs in Florida scrub, USA, using a factorial field experiment. We burned or mowed plots at four disturbance return intervals (DRI): either annually, biennially, every three years, or once in six years (with all plots being treated in the sixth year to control for time since disturbance). We analyzed plant growth responses (height, aboveground biomass, number of stems) based on sampling pre treatment, and six months, one year, two years, and four years post-treatment. We also measured non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and soil properties to evaluate these factors as potential drivers of resprouting responses.ResultsFire temperatures were hot (mean maxima 414 to 698 °C among burn days), typical of larger fires in Florida scrub. Plant biomass and heights were affected by DRI (being suppressed by frequent disturbance, especially initially) and varied among species with palmettos recovering biomass faster, and species within the same genus generally showing similar responses. Biomass recovery in mown versus burned treatments showed comparable effects of DRI and similar trajectories over time. Numbers of stems were affected by DRI, disturbance type, and species, and increased after disturbances, especially with less frequent disturbances and mowing, and subsequently declined over time. NSC concentrations varied among species and over time and were positively related to biomass. One year post disturbance, soil moisture and organic matter content were higher in mown plots, while pH was higher in burned plots. Given the slightly lower elevation of the mown plots, we interpreted these differences as site effects. Soil properties were not affected by DRI and did not affect biomass responses.ConclusionsAlthough very frequent disturbances reduced shrub growth responses, the magnitude of plant responses was modest and the effects temporary. Because resprouting shrubs in Florida scrub appear resilient to a range of disturbance return intervals, frequent fire or mowing can be used effectively in restorations.
Report of five cases: sandwich repair for post infarction ventricular septal rupture with right ventricular approach
Authors: Salehi-ardebili Shahyad , Mehdizade Hamid , Askari Behnam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Different techniques have been described to repair post myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR), each method may result in residual shunting, bleeding, and suboptimal left ventricular (LV) performance secondary to change in LV geometry. The aim of this report is to describe early and mid-term results of sandwich technique through right ventricle in five consecutive patients.

Case presentation
Five consecutive patients (3 women and 2 men) with VSR (mean age 62.8 years, range 51-70) underwent surgical repair for postinfarction ventricular septal rupture by sandwich technique performed through right ventricle from August 2012 to April 2019 in our institute. Reconstruction of the septum was performed by two patches of 0.6 mm Gore-Tex on each side of the septal defect through right ventricular incision, according to the method described by Isoda et al. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in two patients.
The mean aortic clamp time was 90 min (range, 64 to 157 min). The mean extracorporeal circulation time was 146.6 min (range, 108 to 240 min). Postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay averaged 12 days (range, 4-40 days). There was no hospital mortality. No postoperative residual shunting was detected, and no patient needed re-operation for bleeding. Patients have been followed up for a mean of 24.4 months (range, 1 week to 7 years). There was one death seven days after discharge due to arrhythmia (40 days after surgery).

Conclusion
Sandwich technique through right ventricular approach is simple and extendable to all VSRs irrespective of their locations. Residual shunting and bleeding are negligible or zero. It may be considered as standard of repair for patient with post infarction ventricular septal rupture.
Effect of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and antioxidant capacity level on cognitive function parameters of children with idiopathic short stature
Authors: Ahmed Omyma G. , Sakhr Hala M. , Ali Haytham M. , Abdlsamiee Lamiaa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
An optimal level of vitamin D is necessary for normal bone growth. Recently, vitamin D has been linked to many neurological disorders, changes in antioxidant capacity levels, and cognitive function decline in old age; thus, the aim was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D and antioxidant levels on the cognitive function parameters of children with idiopathic short stature (ISS).

Results
A prospective case-control study was conducted with 60 primary school-aged children with ISS who were compared to 60 unrelated healthy age- and sex-matched children as a control group. A complete clinical evaluation; anthropometric measurements; neurocognitive function parameters using the Stanford-Binet test, fifth edition; vitamin D level; total antioxidant capacity (TAC); total oxidative stress (TOS); and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. A total of 83.3% of children with ISS had a vitamin D level < 30 ng/ml with significantly lower vitamin D levels than the control group. The TAC level was significantly lower in children with ISS than in healthy children. Children with ISS had an average level for all of the cognitive function parameters but a lower non-verbal IQ, full-scale IQ, fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, and working memory than healthy controls. A positive correlation was found between vitamin D level and all anthropometric measurements, all IQ parameters, and TAC levels in the studied children. A positive correlation was found between TAC and all IQ parameters.

Conclusion
Vitamin D level and antioxidant capacity level have a major impact on cognitive function parameters in children with ISS.
Lower gray matter volumes of frontal lobes and insula in adolescents with anorexia nervosa restricting type: Findings from a Brain Morphometry Study
Authors: Curzio O. , Calderoni S. , Maestro S. , Rossi G. , De Pasquale C. F. , Belmonti V. , Apicella F. , Muratori F. , Retico A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground.Brain atrophy in anorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the most marked structural brain changes observed in mental disorders. In this study, we propose a whole brain analysis approach to characterize global and regional cerebral volumes in adolescents with restricting-type anorexia nervosa (AN-r).Methods.A total of 48 adolescent females (age range 13–18 years) were enrolled in the study (24 right-handed AN-r in the early stages of the illness and treated in the same clinical setting and 24 age-matched healthy controls [HC]). High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired. Cerebral volumes, including the total amounts of gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were obtained with the Statistical Parametric Mapping software (SPM8); specific cortical regional volumes were computed by applying an atlas-based cortical parcellation to the SPM8 GM segments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify any significant between-group differences in global and regional brain volumes.Results.The analyses revealed reduced total GM volumes (p = 0.02) and increased CSF (p = 0.05) in AN-r, compared with HC. No significant between-group difference was found in WM volumes. At the regional level, significantly lower GM volumes in both frontal lobes (p = 0.006) and in the left insula (p = 0.016) were detected. No significant relationships were found between cerebral volumes and duration of illness, psychiatric comorbidities, psychopharmacological treatment, prepubertal phase, or presence of amenorrhea.Conclusions.The topographic distribution of GM reduction in a homogenous group of AN-r involves regions responsible for the emotional and cognitive deficits associated with the illness. These findings are discussed in relation to the roles of the insular cortex and the frontal lobes.
Evidence for Associations Between Th1/Th17 “Hybrid” Phenotype and Altered Lipometabolism in Very Severe Graves Orbitopathy
Authors: Fang Sijie , Zhang Shuo , Huang Yazhuo , Wu Yu , Lu Yi , Zhong Sisi , Liu Xingtong , Wang Yang , Li Yinwei , Sun Jing , Gu Ping , Zhou Huifang , Fan Xianqun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to investigate the characteristics of Th1-cell and Th17-cell lineages for very severe Graves orbitopathy (GO) development.

Methods
Flow cytometry was performed with blood samples from GO and Graves disease (GD) patients and healthy controls, to explore effector T-cell phenotypes. Lipidomics was conducted with serum from very severe GO patients before and after glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to examine orbital-infiltrating Th17 cells or in vitro models of Th17 polarization.

Results
In GD, Th1 cells predominated in peripheral effector T-cell subsets, whereas in GO, Th17-cell lineage predominated. In moderate-to-severe GO, Th17.1 cells expressed retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) independently and produced interleukin-17A (IL-17A), whereas in very severe GO, Th17.1 cells co-expressed RORγt and Tbet and produced interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Increased IFN-γ–producing Th17.1 cells positively correlated with GO activity and were associated with the development of very severe GO. Additionally, GC therapy inhibited both Th1-cell and Th17-cell lineages and modulated a lipid panel consisting of 79 serum metabolites. However, in GC-resistant, very severe GO, IFN-γ–producing Th17.1 cells remained at a high level, correlating with increased serum triglycerides. Further, retro-orbital tissues from GC-resistant, very severe GO were shown to be infiltrated by CXCR3+ Th17 cells expressing Tbet and STAT4 and rich in triglycerides that promoted Th1 phenotype in Th17 cells in vitro.

Conclusions
Our findings address the importance of Th17.1 cells in GO pathogenesis, possibly promoting our understanding of the association between Th17-cell plasticity and disease severity of GO.
Temporal control of Wnt signaling is required for habenular neuron diversity and brain asymmetry
Authors: Guglielmi Luca , Bühler Anja , Moro Enrico , Argenton Francesco , Poggi Lucia , Carl Matthias 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Precise temporal coordination of signaling processes is pivotal for cellular differentiation during embryonic development. A vast number of secreted molecules are produced and released by cells and tissues, and travel in the extracellular space. Whether they induce a signaling pathway and instruct cell fate, however, depends on a complex network of regulatory mechanisms, which are often not well understood. The conserved bilateral left-right asymmetrically formed habenulae of the zebrafish are an excellent model for investigating how signaling control facilitates the generation of defined neuronal populations. Wnt signaling is required for habenular neuron type specification, asymmetry and axonal connectivity. The temporal regulation of this pathway and the players involved have, however, remained unclear. We find that tightly regulated temporal restriction of Wnt signaling activity in habenular precursor cells is crucial for the diversity and asymmetry of habenular neuron populations. We suggest a feedback mechanism whereby the tumor suppressor Wnt inhibitory factor Wif1 controls the Wnt dynamics in the environment of habenular precursor cells. This mechanism might be common to other cell types, including tumor cells.
Effects of Ibuprofen during Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice
Authors: GARCIA CHRISTIAN K. , SHEIKH LAILA H. , IWANIEC JOHN D. , ROBINSON GERARD P. , BERLET REED A. , MATTINGLY ALEX J. , MURRAY KEVIN O. , LAITANO ORLANDO , CLANTON THOMAS L. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Intestinal injury is one of the most prominent features of organ damage in exertional heat stroke (EHS). However, whether damage to the intestine in this setting is exacerbated by ibuprofen (IBU), the most commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in exercising populations, is not well understood.

Purpose
We hypothesized that IBU would exacerbate intestinal injury, reduce exercise performance, and increase susceptibility to heat stroke.

Methods
To test this hypothesis, we administered IBU via diet to male and female C57/BL6J mice, over 48 h before EHS. Susceptibility to EHS was determined by assessing exercise response using a forced running wheel, housed inside an environmental chamber at 37.5°C. Core temperature (Tc) was monitored by telemetry. Mice were allocated into four groups: exercise only (EXC); EHS + IBU; EXC + IBU; and EHS only. Exercise performance and Tc profiles were evaluated and stomachs, intestines and plasma were collected at 3 h post-EHS.

Results
The EHS + IBU males ran approximately 87% longer when Tc was above 41°C (P < 0.03) and attained significantly higher peak Tc (P < 0.01) than EHS-only mice. Histological analyses showed decreased villi surface area throughout the small intestine for both sexes in the EXC + IBU group versus EXC only. Interestingly, though EHS in both sexes caused intestinal injury, in neither sex were there any additional effects of IBU.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that in a preclinical mouse model of EHS, oral IBU at pharmacologically effective doses does not pose additional risks of heat stroke, does not reduce exercise performance, and does not contribute further to intestinal injury, though this could have been masked by significant gut injury induced by EHS alone.
Neuromuscular Fatigue of Cycling Exercise in Hypoxia
Authors: MIRA JOSÉ , FLOREANI MIRCO , SAVOLDELLI ALDO , AMERY KHALED , KORAL JEROME , ORANCHUK DUSTIN J. , MESSONNIER LAURENT A. , RUPP THOMAS , MILLET GUILLAUME Y. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The understanding of fatigue in hypoxia is limited due to: lack of control in arterial saturation, different exercise intensities and hypoxia levels, lag time between exercise cessation and fatigue evaluation. We aimed at evaluating fatigue during cycling and immediately after exhaustion (EXH) in normoxia, moderate and severe hypoxia at relative and absolute intensities.

Methods
Thirteen subjects completed three sessions in normoxia, moderate, and severe hypoxia with intensity based on percentage of normoxic maximal power output (NOR, MODABS, SEVABS) plus two sessions where intensity was based on the corresponding environmental condition (MODREL, SEVREL). Arterial saturation was clamped at 85% and 70% in moderate and severe hypoxia, respectively. Before, during cycling, and at EXH, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), peripheral fatigue (high-frequency doublet [Db100], twitch [Pt]), and central fatigue (cortical voluntary activation [VATMS]) were evaluated without delay using an innovative ergometer.

Results
Time to EXH declined not only with hypoxia level at absolute but also relative intensities compared to NOR. At isotime, MVC, Pt, and Db100 were similarly depreciated in NOR, MODREL, and SEVREL. At EXH, there was a similar reduction among conditions in MVC (−26% to −31%), Db100 (−25% to −35%) and VATMS (−9% to −13%). However, Pt was less decreased in SEVREL compared with NOR (−33% ± 17% vs –46% ± 16%).

Conclusions
The shorter time to EXH in relative hypoxia and yet lower peripheral fatigue and similar central fatigue compared with normoxia suggests that hypoxia per se may affect brain areas not directly implicated in quadriceps motor function.
The occurrence of periodontal diseases and its correlation with different risk factors among a convenient sample of adult Egyptian population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abbass Marwa M.S. , Rady Dina , Radwan Israa Ahmed , El Moshy Sara , AbuBakr Nermeen , Ramadan Mohamed , Yussif Nermin , Al Jawaldeh Ayoub 
Published: March 2020

Background: Even though extensive studies on the prevalence of periodontal diseases in various populations worldwide have been carried out, data for the Egyptian population is limited. The present study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence and the severity of periodontal disease and its correlation with different risk factors. Methods: Periodontal examination was performed on 343 adults attending the outpatient clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, as well as three private clinics. Socio-demographic data, brushing frequency, body mass index (BMI) and dietary habits were recorded using a questionnaire. Results: It was found that 58.9% of participants had calculus deposits. The occurrence of periodontitis was 89.8%, where 70.8% of participants had stage I and 15.2% had stage II, while only 4.4% and 2.05% suffered from stage III and stage IV, respectively. Calculus was positively correlated with age, grains, and sugar in drinks and negatively correlated with socioeconomic status, education level, brushing frequency and milk. Calculus was not correlated with gender and BMI. Periodontitis was positively correlated with age, carbohydrates other than bread, grains, and crackers, as well as caffeinated drinks, while negatively correlated with gender, socioeconomic status, brushing frequency. Periodontitis was not correlated with BMI or education level. Conclusion: The present study clarifies that age, brushing frequency, carbohydrates and caffeinated drinks consumption are significant factors influencing the occurrence and the severity of periodontal diseases.
Exploring the perceptions, practices and challenges of gestational diabetes detection and management among health care providers in a district of Bangladesh
Authors: Halim Abdul , Abdullah Abu Sayeed Md. , Rahman Fazlur , Biswas Animesh 
Published: March 2020

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of key maternal morbidities during pregnancy globally. It is one of the neglected threats during pregnancy that constitutes pregnancy-related complications. Moreover, a significant number of GDM positive women later develop type 2 diabetes after delivery following an interval of 5-10 years. However, the real magnitude of GDM in Bangladesh is still undetermined. The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions, practices and challenges of GDM detection and management among health care providers (HCPs) in the Tangail district of Bangladesh. Methods: A mixed method study was conducted between November 2017 and January 2018. Quantitative data was collected through a survey of providers, whereas qualitative data collection included in-depth interviews with providers and direct observation of 41 health care facilities. Descriptive analysis was performed for quantitative data and qualitative data analysis was performed thematically. Results: The study revealed that 66.6% of HCPs did not know about GDM related complications for affected mothers and their babies, 81.2% did not know about the risk factors of GDM, 95.8% were not aware about the management and/or treatment of GDM, 79.1% never conducted GDM screening of pregnant women and almost none of the interviewees received any special training on GDM. We observed that only 31.3% of women were tested for blood sugar in antenatal care and of those, 12.5% were identified as having elevated blood sugar levels. GDM related information was collected in 4.2% of cases. Conclusions: There is limited knowledge and skills among the HCPs to detect and manage GDM at the community level. More programmatic emphasis is required to strengthen the capacity of community health care workers in detecting and treating GDM.
Pulmonary embolism - assessment of risk factors and emboli locations
Authors: Komisarczuk Mateusz , Kaczor Michał , Kopyto Ewa , Woch Mateusz , Piech Piotr 
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a widespread disorder, which appears as a result of closure or restriction of main pulmonary artery or its branches and is often associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT).The severity and clinical picture is frequently erratic and what is worrying it is a major cause of hospitalization and mortality in Europe. OBJECTIVE: The mainpurpose of our study was to demonstrate meaning of emboli location in prognosis,favour risk factors which could be overlooked by clinicians and help to avoid further misdiagnosis. ABBREVIATED DESRCIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE:We highlighted the importance of defining a genetic profile, personal and family history of VTE, especially in patients with atypical pulmonary symptoms. Moreover, the awareness of possible occurring PE among children,during serious infections or in patients with malignancy is still insufficient. Furthermore, according our analysis clinical symptoms in patients with pulmonary embolism are undoubtedly influenced by the location.The more massive the thrombus appears, the more serious consequences can be expected for the patient.Along with the size of the thrombus, the risk of its complications increases because of haemodynamic changes. SUMMARY:Diagnosing of pulmonary embolism in hemodynamically stable patients is still challenging for clinicians. There were many attempts to find significant and unmistakeable relationship between emboli location in pulmonary vasculature and prognosis.That knowledge could be helpful for clinicians in setting accurate diagnosis, implementing appropriate treatment and avoid possible life-threatening consequences.Risk stratification is crucial to the management and prognosis of patients with acute PE.
Strain enhancement for a MoS2-on-GaN photodetector with an Al2O3 stress liner grown by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Li Zhiwen , Luo Jiangliu , Hu Shengqun , Liu Qiang , Yu Wenjie , Lu Youming , Liu Xinke 
Published: March 2020

Strain regulation as an effective way to enhance the photoelectric
properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides
has been widely employed to improve the performance of photovoltaic
devices. In this work, tensile strain was introduced in multilayer

MoS

2

grown on GaN by depositing 3 nm of

Al
2

O
3

on the surface. The temperature-dependent
Raman spectrum shows that the thermal stability of

MoS

2

is improved by

Al
2

O
3

. Theoretical simulations confirmed the
existence of tensile strain on

MoS

2

covered with

Al
2

O
3

, and the bandgap and electron effective
mass of six layers of

MoS

2

decreased due to tensile strain, which
resulted in an increase of electron mobility. Due to the tensile
strain effect, the photodetector with the

Al
2

O
3

stress liner achieved better performance
under the illumination of 365 nm wavelength, including a higher
responsivity of 24.6 A/W, photoconductive gain of 520, and external
quantum efficiency of 8381%, which are more than twice the
corresponding values of photodetectors without

Al
2

O
3

. Our work provides an effective technical
way for improving the performance of 2D material photodetectors.