bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-by-two factorial randomised study within a trial to evaluate strategies for follow-up in a randomised prevention trial
Authors: Bradshaw Lucy , Montgomery Alan A , Williams Hywel , Chalmers Joanne , Haines Rachel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Failure to collect outcome data in randomised trials can result in bias and loss of statistical power. Further evaluations of strategies to increase retention are required. We assessed the effectiveness of two strategies for retention in a randomised prevention trial using a two-by-two factorial randomised study within a trial (SWAT). Methods Parents of babies included in the host trial were randomised to (1) Short message service (SMS) notification prior to sending questionnaires at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months versus no SMS notification and (2) £10 voucher sent with the invitation letter for the primary follow up visit at 24 months or given at the visit. The two co-primary outcomes were collection of host trial (1) questionnaire data at interim follow-up times and (2) primary outcome at 24 months during a home/clinic visit with a research nurse. Results Between November 2014 and November 2016, 1394 participants were randomised: 350 to no SMS + voucher at visit, 345 to SMS + voucher at visit, 352 to no SMS + voucher before visit and 347 to SMS + voucher before visit. Overall 75% of questionnaires were completed in both the group allocated to the prior SMS notification and the group allocated to no SMS notification (odds ratio (OR) SMS v. none 1.02, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.25). Host trial primary outcome data was collected at a visit for 557 (80%) allocated to the voucher before the visit in the invitation letter and for 566 (81%) whose parents were allocated to receive the voucher at the visit (OR before v. at visit 0.89, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.17). Conclusion There was no evidence of a difference in retention according to SMS notification or voucher timing. Future synthesis of SWAT results is required to be able to detect small but important incremental effects of retention strategies. Trial registration: Host trial registration: ISRCTN registry; ID: ISRCTN21528841. Registered on 25 July 2014. SWAT Repository Store ID 25
Transcriptomics of Type 2 Diabetic and Healthy Human Neutrophils
Authors: Kleinstein Sarah E , McCorrison Jamison , Ahmed Alaa , Hasturk Hatice , Dyke Thomas E. Van , Freire Marcelo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease, are heterogeneous and often co-morbid, with increasing global prevalence. Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) can result in severe inflammatory complications. As neutrophils are essential to inflammation, we conducted RNA-seq transcriptomic analyses to investigate the association between neutrophil gene expression and T2D phenotype. Further, as specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, including resolvin E1 (RvE1), can actively resolve inflammation, we further surveyed the impact of RvE1 on isolated neutrophils.Methods: Cell isolation and RNA-seq analysis of neutrophils from N=11 T2D and N=7 healthy individuals with available clinical data was conducted. Additionally, cultured neutrophils (N=3 T2D, N=3 healthy) were perturbed with increasing RvE1 doses (0nM, 1nM, 10nM, or 100nM) prior to RNA-seq. Data was evaluated through a bioinformatics pipeline including pathway analysis and post hoc false-discovery rate (FDR)-correction. Results: We observed significant differential expression of 50 genes between T2D and healthy neutrophils (p<0.05), including decreased T2D gene expression in inflammatory- and lipid-related genes SLC9A4, NECTIN2 and PLPP3 (p<0.003). RvE1 treatment induced dose-dependent differential gene expression (uncorrected p<0.05) across groups, including 59 healthy and 216 T2D neutrophil genes. Comparing T2D to healthy neutrophils, 1097 genes were differentially expressed across RvE1 doses, including two significant genes, LILRB5 and AKR1C1, involved in inflammation (p<0.05). Conclusions: Inflammatory- and lipid-related genes were differentially expressed between T2D and healthy neutrophils, and RvE1 dose-dependently modified gene expression in both groups. Unraveling the mechanisms regulating abnormalities in diabetic neutrophil responses could lead to better diagnostics and therapeutics targeting inflammation and inflammation resolution.
Can programmatic inputs improve adolescent mothers’ access to care in rural Bangladesh? Nine-years of evidence from a cohort study
Authors: Rahman Aminur , Begum Tahmina , Austin Anne , Hasan Md. , Alam Nurul , Anwar Iqbal , Taneepanichskul Surasak 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Adolescent mothers (Girls aged 15-19) constitute 8% of annual global births, but account for 10% of annual maternal deaths. WHO recommended 4-8 Antenatal Care (ANC) visits, in addition to quality care and facility-based deliveries, are well-documented interventions to reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Determinants of maternal and child health care in Bangladesh have received considerable attention, but less attention has been focused on adolescent mothers. This study explores the factors associated with 4 or more (4+) ANC visits and facility-based delivery among adolescent mothers in one rural area of Bangladesh, Methods This study uses Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) data. We conducted a comparative study on trends in 4+ ANC visits and facility-based deliveries among adolescent mothers (10-19 years) residing in an intervention area (icddr,b service area, ISA) against a comparison area (government service areas, GSA) of HDSS between 2007 and 2015. 4,996 adolescent mothers were included in the final analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to document the statistical difference on outcome indicators in the two study areas. Results Trends in 4+ANC visits and facility-based deliveries were higher in the ISA relative to the GSA. The adjusted odds of an adolescent mother accessing 4+ ANC visits in the GSA, relative to ISA was 0.57 (95% CI: 0.49 – 0.66, p-value <0.05); the adjusted odds of an adolescent mother accessing facility-based delivery in the ISA, relative to GSA was 6.63 (95% CI: 5.85 – 7.52, p-value <0.05). Increasing numbers of ANC visits were associated with increases in facility-based births in both the ISA and GSA. Conclusion This study documented that both 4+ ANC visits and facility delivery rates among adolescent mothers are much higher in the ISA than GSA. Increasing 4+ ANC visits and facility deliveries over the years, particularly in the ISA, coincide with programmatic efforts to improve the quality and availability of maternal and newborn health services. Learning from existing interventions in ISA and applying them to other areas will strengthen Bangladesh’s efforts to improve maternal and newborn health outcomes and achieve the sustainable development goal 3 (SDG 3).
Performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH Rapid Diagnostics Test for Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum in Assosa Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu Gezahegn Solomon , Lopez Karen , Dieng Cheikh , Lo Eugenia , Janies Daniel , Golassa Lemu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease particularly due to Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum ). Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (PfHRP-2) and Plasmodium falciparum specific Lactate Dehydrogenase (PfPLDH) based rapid diagnostic test are commonly used for malaria diagnosis in malaria endemic countries where microscopic examination is scarce. However, there is limited information on the performance of malaria RDT in rural and semi urban area of Assosa zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the performance of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT for diagnosis of falciparum malaria against microscopy as reference method. Methods Health-facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Assosa zone, Northwest Ethiopia from November to December 2018. A total of four hundred and six malaria-suspected participants attending Bambasi, Sherkole, Kurmuk and Assosa health-centers were tested. Finger-prick blood samples were collected for microscopy blood film preparation, RDTs and molecular diagnosis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. Results Of the total study participants, 26.4% (107/406) were microscope confirmed P. falciparum positive. Using PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT, 30.3% (123/406) and 24.1% (98/406) were positive for P. falciparum, respectively. The sensitivity of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH was 96% and 89%, respectively, against microscope. The corresponding specificity rates of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH were 93% and 99%, respectively. Similarly, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value of PfHRP2 and PfPLDH RDT were 84%, 97%, 99% and 96%, respectively. There was an agreement between RDTs (PfPLDH and PfHRP2) and reference microscopy method with a kappa value of 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. Compared to qPCR, the specificity of PfHRP2 (93%) and PfPLDH RDT (98%) were high, though the respective sensitivity of PfHRP2(77%) and PfPLDH RDT(70%) were low. Conclusion PfHRP2 and PfPLDH showed reasonable agreement in detecting P. falciparum infections. Hence, currently used national malaria RDT kit can be continue to be used in certain malaria endemic areas in Ethiopia. However, Continuous monitoring the performance of PfHRP-2 RDT associated with false negative results is important to consider an alternative malaria RDT like PfPLDH RDT to support control and elimination of malaria in Ethiopia
Comprehensive Analysis of Imaging Features, Immunohistochemistry and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Xu Xi , Gan Qingxin , Zhang Lieguang , Huang Deyang , Yu Chengcheng , Liu Jinxin , Luo Liangping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aims to provide clues for the preoperative and prognostic assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by comparing the imaging characteristics, immunohistochemistry and prognosis of HCC patients with and without HIV infection.Methods: The study reviewed two databases, one for HIV-HCC patients and the other for HCC patients who were not infected with HIV. The inclusion criteria were surgically resected and pathologically diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma patients from October 2013 to August 2016. This study collected 11 HIV-HCC patients (11 men; median age 45 years old, age range 33~71 years) and 11 HCC patients without HIV infection (11 men; median age 50 years old, age range 42~61 years). The image characteristics of HCC were analysed by computed tomography (CT) imaging. In addition, samples were obtained from resected specimens for immunohistochemical analysis, and the expression of glypican-3 (GPC-3), CD34 and Ki-67 were measured. The independent-samples t test, Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon test were used for comparisons. Kaplan-Meier plots were used for postoperative recurrence-free survival analysis.Results: The median diameter of the largest nodule was significantly larger in the HIV-HCC patients than in the HCC group (P=0.027). In addition, the HIV-HCC patients presented significantly higher CD34 and GPC-3 expression than the HCC patients (P=0.031, 0.007, respectively). Moreover, the postoperative recurrence-free survival time was significantly shorter in the HIV-HCC patients than in the HCC patients (Log-Rank test, c2=6.076, P=0.014), with respective median durations of 4 months and 28 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox model analysis revealed that GPC-3 expression and tumour size were independent prognosis factors in the HCC patients (HR = 4.506, 95% CI :1.247-16.278, P= 0.022; HR = 1.479, 95% CI :1.137-1.923, P = 0.022, respectively).Conclusion: Compared to HCC patients with non-HIV infection, HIV-HCC patients frequently present a larger tumour size and high expression of CD34 and GPC-3, which result in shorter postoperative recurrence-free survival. Observing the tumour expression of CD34, GPC-3, and Ki-67 and imaging characteristics could be helpful in providing a basis for the choice of treatment strategies and the prognosis evaluation of patients.
Expression of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Related Markers in Plasmacytoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Nomura Shunichiro , Suzuki Yasutomo , Akatsuka Jun , Endo Yuki , Shimizu Akira , Hamasaki Tsutomu , Kimura Go , Kondo Yukihiro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) of the urinary bladder is a variant of urothelial carcinoma that carries a poor prognosis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been demonstrated to contribute to tumor progression. As the cause of the increased aggressiveness of PUC is unknown, we investigated PUC and EMT-related marker expression. the proportion of plasmacytoid variant histology Materials and Methods A total of 633 bladder carcinoma cases diagnosed from 2006 to 2014 at the Nippon Medical School Hospital were analyzed. Twelve patients were found to have plasmacytoid histology and diagnosed with PUC. Slides were evaluated for percentage of plasmacytoid variant, and stained for E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Fibronectin and Snail expression. Results The incidence of PUC was 1.9% (12/633). The median patient age at diagnosis was 71 years (range, 60–80 years) and the male-female ratio was 11:1. All but three patients had stage T2b or higher. The median overall survival was 10 months. In 10/12 cases, Snail and N-cadherin were positive. Vimentin was positive in 9/12 cases. Fibronectin was positive in 8/12 cases. While E-cadherin was negative in 10/12 cases. Nine cases showed >10% plasmacytoid component. Eight of the nine patients (88.9%) with >10% plasmacytoid component died. Conclusions The results indicate that PUC may induce EMT and may be associated with high invasion.
Model of Goal Directed Behavior for Limiting Latino Preschoolers’ Television Viewing: Validity and Reliability
Authors: Ogren Marissa , Baranowski Tom , Lowry Sarah J , Mendoza Jason 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Accurately measuring parents’ attitudes and beliefs regarding limiting their children’s TV viewing is important to inform the design and evaluation of effective interventions. This manuscript assesses the internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and construct validity of the Model of Goal Directed Behavior (MGDB) scales among parents of Latino preschoolers to characterize Latino parents’ attitudes and beliefs toward limiting their preschoolers’ TV viewing. Method: Participants included parents of Latino preschoolers in the United States, 3-5 years old (n=186). Parents completed a socio-demographic survey and the 105-item MGDB questionnaire (Attitudes, Perceived Positive/Negative Behavioral Control, Subjective Norms, Positive and Negative Anticipated Emotions, Habits, Self-Efficacy, Desires, and Intentions surrounding their child’s TV viewing) which was used to measure internal consistency reliability and construct validity. A subsample of participants completed the questionnaire twice to measure test-retest reliability. Further, parents completed a 7-day TV viewing diary for their preschooler, and a TV parenting practices questionnaire as measures of convergent validity. Results: Internal consistency reliability was generally acceptable for the MGDB scales (Cronbach’s alphas>0.7), except for the Desires scale, which was revealed to have two factors and the Attitudes and Perceived Behavioral Control scales. Test-retest reliability over 2 months had negligible to moderate correlations (r ’s=0.28 to 0.61). Two structural equation models were conducted. One yielded acceptable model fit ( (97)=113.65, p =.119) and the other had questionable model fit ( (97)=125.39; p =.028). Testing convergent validity, only two MGDB scales (Habits and Self-Efficacy) were positively correlated with the TV parenting practices questionnaire (r ’s= 0.33 to 0.51), and none were meaningfully correlated with preschoolers’ mean daily TV viewing. Conclusions: Initial reliability and validity for some of the MGDB scales appear acceptable among parents of Latino preschoolers. Refinement of the instrument and testing among larger samples is necessary to fully evaluate psychometric properties. This instrument may be useful for characterizing Latino parents’ attitudes and beliefs toward limiting their preschoolers’ TV viewing and informing future TV reduction interventions. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials NCT01216306 Registered October 6, 2010 Keywords: Model of Goal Directed Behavior, TV viewing, Parenting, Child Health, Health Behavior, Theory of Planned Behavior, Preschoolers
Antimalarial combination therapies increase gastric ulcers through an imbalance of basic antioxidative-oxidative enzymes in male Wistar rats
Authors: Kalange Muhamudu , Nansunga Miriam , Kasozi Keneth Iceland , Kasolo Josephine , Namuleme Jackline , Atusiimirwe Jovile Kasande , Ayikobua Emmanuel Tiyo , Ssempijja Fred , Munanura Edson Ireeta , Matama Kevin , Ssemuyaba Ibrahim , Zirintunda Gerald , Okpanachi Alfred Omachonu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: Antimalarials are globally used against plasmodium infections, however, information on the safety of new antimalarial combination therapies on the gastric mucosa is scarce. The aim of the study was to establish the effects of Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine on gastric ulcers, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and identify major histological changes in male Wistar rats. Gastric ulcers were induced using Indomethacin in four groups and group 1 was administered Artesunate, group 2 received Artesunate-Amodiaquine, group 3 received Artemether-Lumefantrine, and group 4 was a positive control (normal saline). Group five was the negative control consisting of healthy rats. Results: Antimalarial combination therapies were associated with a high gastric ulcer index than a single antimalarial agent, Artesunate. In addition, levels of MDA were significantly higher in the combination of therapies while levels of GSH were lower in comparison to Artesunate and the negative control. Microscopically, antimalarial combination therapies were associated with severe inflammation and tissue damage than Artesunate in the gastric mucosa showing that antimalarial combination therapies exert their toxic effects through oxidative stress mechanisms, and this leads to apoptosis. Findings in this study demonstrate a new to revisit information on the pharmacodynamics of major circulating antimalarial agents in developing countries.
Extrastriatal 123I-FP-CIT SPECT impairment in Parkinson’s disease – the PPMI cohort
Authors: Nicastro Nicolas , GARIBOTTO Valentina , BURKHARD Pierre R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Neuropathological data and nuclear medicine imaging show extensive serotonergic impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aimed at undertaking a case-controlled analysis of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT images to measure extrastriatal serotonergic transporters (SERT) in PD using the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort. Methods: We included all PD (n=154) and Control subjects (n=62) with available 123I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging and high-resolution T1-weighted MRI for coregistration (PD: mean age 61.6 years, 62% male, disease duration 26 months, MDS-UPDRS III score 22). 123I-FP-CIT SPECT images were processed with PETPVE12 using an exploratory voxel-wise analysis including partial-volume effect correction. Linear regressions were performed in the PD group to assess correlations between region of interest 123I-FP-CIT uptake and clinical motor and non-motor impairment.Results: Compared to Controls, PD exhibited an uptake reduction in bilateral caudate nucleus, putamen, insula, amygdala and right pallidum (family-wise error (FWE)-corrected p<0.05). While lower contralateral putaminal uptake was associated with higher MDS-UPDRS III score (p=0.022), we found a trend association between higher geriatric depression scale and lower pallidum uptake (p=0.09). Higher SCOPA-AUT gastrointestinal subscore was associated with lower uptake in mean putamen and caudate nucleus (p=0.01 to 0.03), whereas urological subscore was inversely correlated with mean caudate nucleus, putamen, and pallidum uptake (p=0.002 to 0.03). No significant association was found for Montreal Cognitive Assessment (all p>0.45). Conclusions: In addition to the well-established striatal deficit, this study provides evidence of a major extrastriatal 123I-FP-CIT impairment, and therefore of an altered serotonergic transmission in early PD.
Scabies outbreak investigation among madrasahs in Sinana district, Bale Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, May 2019
Authors: Badeso Mohammed Hasen , Ferede Henok Asefa , Kalil Falaho Sani 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Scabies is neglected parasitic disease and major public health problem worldwide, particularly in resource-poor regions including Ethiopia. It has been estimated about 300 million cases reported yearly and causes more than 1.5 million Disability Adjusted Life Years for all age. The study conducted in Ethiopia, among ‘Yekolo-Temari’ revealed 22.5% scabies prevalence. On March 9, 2019, the Sinana district surveillance office reported a scabies outbreak in five madrasahs. We investigate to determine its magnitude, identify risk factors and provide intervention and recommendation.Methods: We conducted a (1:2) unmatched case-control study. The scabies case-patient was any student of madrasahs in Sinana district with signs and symptoms consistent with scabies (superficial burrows, intense itching especially at night, generalized rash and secondary infection) from March 11 to April 30, 2019. We reviewed the line list and conducted active case finding. Participants were recruited from all madrasahs (five) proportional to the number of students in each madrasah (56 cases-patients and 111 controls) and interviewed with structured questionnaires. We use OR, P-value and 95% CI to measure the strength of association in multivariable logistic regression. Result: We identified 815 (6 crusted) scabies cases-patients (100% male) with the attack rate 143 per 1000 population (815/5,689) and no death and the mean age was 14 years (range 8-28 years). Sharing bed with scabies case (AOR=3.9, [95% CI=1.5-10.3], travel history to scabies area (AOR=3.87, [95% CI=1.19-12.56], showering more than a week interval (AOR= 2.74, [95% CI=1.04-7.21] were statistically associated with illness.Conclusion: Sharing bed with scabies case, travel history to scabies area and showering more than a week interval was associated with a high frequency of scabies infestation. All patients and contacts treated, additionally, at two madrasahs mass drug administration conducted with permethrin, and cloxacillin for secondary infection. We recommend health education about the transmission, prevention and control of scabies disease to the students.