bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and Factors Affecting Virological Treatment Failure among HIV Reactive Adults from Selected Hospitals of North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Derseh Behailu Tariku , Shewayerga Belay , Dagnaw Abinet , Basha Elyas Admasu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Nowadays Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the devastating and prevalent viruses affecting the globe without a cure. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of patients with HIV infection. Although there is increasing global use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of HIV/AIDs, the global trends in ART failure are growing. In developing countries including Ethiopia, particularly in our study settings, information related to the magnitude and correlates of virological treatment failure is scarce. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the magnitude of virological treatment failure and associated factors among HIV reactive adults at selected hospitals of North Shoa, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Methods

a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 498 study participants who started their first-line HAART from August 2005 to December 2018. Data were collected from patients’ charts and face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The bivariable analysis was executed to select candidate predictor variables at a p-value of less than 0.2. Multivariable logistic regression (forward stepwise, conditional) analysis was used to identify factors associated with virologic failure at a significant level of 5%. Model adequacy check was done by Hosmer and Lemeshow (p = 0.57) and Naglkerke R Square (0.46) was calculated to express the variability of virological failure by predictors.
Result

More than half 290 (58.2%) of the study participants were females. The median age at ART initiation was 40 years with an interquartile range (IQR) of 15 years. The median duration of virologic failure since initiation of treatment was 96 months (IQR) of 72. The magnitude of virological treatment failure was 10.24% (95% CI: 7.57% − 12.91%). Poor ART drug adherence (AOR = 4.54; 95% CI: 2.09, 9.87), CD4 count less than 250 cell/µl (AOR = 24.88; 95% CI: 11.73, 52.81) and Poor Quality of Life (QoL) (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI: 1.12, 6.25) were independent predictors of virologic failure.
Conclusion

The magnitude of Virologic ART treatment failure in this study was relatively high. Poor ART drug adherence, patients’ having lower CD4 count and poorer quality of life were predictors of treatment failure. Thus, an intervention programs that enriches patients’ health-related quality of life should be implemented. Moreover, counseling that supplements the importance of drug adherence and reduction of risks that lower CD4 counts should be given emphasis which in turn helps to prevent first-line ART treatment failure.
Electro-acupuncture alleviates motor deficits and maladaptive striatal plasticity in partial-lesioned parkinsonian mice
Authors: Su Wenting , Yu Jianan , Li Min , Wang Ke , Liu Chang , Jia Jun , Wang Xiaomin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Parkinson's disease is characterized by abnormal synaptic transmission in the corticostriatal circuit that leads to deficits in motor abilities. Electro-acupuncture has shown to improve the motor behaviors in parkinsonian models. However, the potential mechanisms underlying the electro-acupuncture treatment, specifically in the partial-lesioned model, remain unclear.
Methods

By utilizing multiple approaches, including electrophysiological, immunohistochemistrical, molecular and behavioral methods, we assessed the effect of electro-acupuncture on the motor dysfunction and striatal synaptic plasticity in a partial-lesioned mouse model induced by intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.
Results

Electro-acupuncture ameliorated the disrupted gross and fine motor skills in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mice. Notably, electro-acupuncture not only restored the injured corticostriatal long-term potentiation, but also reversed the loss of GluN1-containing NMDA receptors and GluA1-containing AMPA receptors in the striatum. Furthermore, the antagonists selective for AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors blocked the effect of electro-acupuncture on the corticostriatal long-term potentiation in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated mice.
Conclusions

These data suggest that the postsynaptic glutamate receptors in the striatum undergo the maladaptive changes in the early stage of Parkinson's disease. Electro-acupuncture improves the motor skills via a mechanism involving the modulation of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity and specific glutamate receptors in a partial-lesioned rodent model.
Evaluation of Different Treatment Strategies Between Right-sided and Left-sided Pneumonectomy for Stage I-IIIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Jia Bo , Zheng Qiwen , Li Jianjie , Zhao Jun , Wu Meina , An Tongtong , Wang Yuyan , Zhuo Minglei , Yang Xue , Chen Hanxiao , Chi Yujia , Wang Jingjing , Zhai Xiaoyu , Wang Ziping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the different survival outcome of stage I-IIIA NSCLC patients who received right-sided and left-sided pneumonectomy, and to further develop the most appropriate treatment strategies. MethodsWe accessed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database in the United States for the present study. An innovative propensity score matching analysis was used to minimize the variance between groups.ResultsFor 2,683 patients who received pneumonectomy, cancer-specific survival (HR=0.863, 95%CI: 0.771 to 0.965, P=0.010) and overall survival (OS) (HR=0.875, 95%CI: 0.793 to 0.967, P=0.008) were significantly superior of left-sided pneumonectomy compared with right-sided pneumonectomy. Cancer-specific survival (HR=0.847, 95%CI: 0.745 to 0.963, P=0.011) and OS (HR=0.858, 95%CI: 0.768 to 0.959, P=0.007) were also significantly longer with left-sided over opposite-sided pneumonectomy after matching analysis for 2,050 patients. Adjuvant therapy could significantly prolong cancer-specific survival (67 versus 51 months, HR=1.314, 95%CI: 1.093 to 1.579, P=0.004) and OS (46 versus 30 months, HR=1.458, 95%CI: 1.239 to 1.715, P<0.001) among left-sided pneumonectomy patients after matching procedure. While adjuvant therapy did not increase cancer-specific survival for right-sided pneumonectomy patients (46 versus 42 months, HR=1.112, 95%CI: 0.933 to 1.325, P=0.236). Subgroup analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy could significantly improve cancer-specific survival and OS for all pneumonectomy patients. But radiotherapy was associated with worse survival for patients with right-sided pneumonectomy. ConclusionsPneumonectomy side could be deemed as an important factor when physicians choosing the most optimal treatment strategies.
Total Equipment Energy Effectiveness (TEEE): A comprehensive model to manage energy in manufacturing
Authors: Anvari Farhad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Energy efficiency brings considerable benefits to society and industry through reducing carbon footprint, helping to protect environment and improving energy security and sustainability. It saves money on fuel bills and boosts growth and creates jobs in the economy. The industry sector is a major contributor to energy consumption and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It has a lot of potential to further reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Total Equipment Energy Effectiveness (TEEE) addresses the current challenge of a distinct lack of a comprehensive model to embrace all potential aspects of equipment, manufacturing processes and energy features for measuring equipment energy efficiency. The model needs to be flexible enough to cater for the needs of every manufacturing firm. It can be used at equipment level, process level as well as the broader level of a factory. The model is a measure of how efficiently equipment consumes energy compared to its full potential and can be applied as a tool to improve energy efficiency. The comprehensiveness involved might be a potential obstacle to implement a total energy effectiveness method particularly in SMEs. However, the problem is tackled by a novel TEEE Methodology which simplifies its application even for small companies. TEEE makes the concept of equipment energy effectiveness clearer and more applicable and also makes communication more efficient and easier within manufacturing industry. It provides a sound perspective on improvement to sustainability and also can be used as a benchmark and tool to promote energy awareness in the factory.
The Influence of Gravity Waves on the Climate Change Over Upper Blue Nile Basin in Ethiopia
Authors: Birhan Megbar , Adane Balew , Negussie Tamiru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Precipitation and temperature are the most fundamental meteorological/weather parameters with high spatiotemporal variability over any region of the Globe. Over Ethiopia, Upper Blue Nile basin (UBNB) is the major water resources for irrigation and societal needs not only for Ethiopia but also for downstream countries. However, the exact mechanism to study climate change is not yet satisfactory. Climate variability over UBNB is too high due to its variable topographical features. Gravity wave is one of the most influencing factors to climate change. However, there is no study conducted by considering gravity wave activities on the effect of climate change over UBNB. Therefore, the attempt is made the influence of gravity waves on climate change and variability over UBNB. To this end, we inferred different data sources (reanalysis and ground based). Kinetic energy and momentum equations were used in this study. The results indicate that the reanalysis (ECMWF) precipitation and temperature data were well agreed to the ground based data with correlation coefficient of 0.83 and 0.41 respectively. Strong gravity wave takes tropospheric cloud to stratosphere which causes drought events, while weak gravity wave moves lower tropospheric cloud to tropopause which leads to the occurrence floods. Generally, gravity wave activities affected precipitation and temperature distribution during rainy season. Hence, future study is quite useful to investigate the frequency of high gravity wave occurrence in connection to Ethiopian drought events.
Visualizations of Topologic Entropy on SARS-CoV-2 Genomes in Multiple Regions
Authors: Qiao Mu , Liu Renyang , Wang Zhenhui , Li Xinmei , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) developed into a global pandemic in a few months. The latest study found that the virus belongs to the beta coronavirus family. SARS-CoV-2 is highly similar to Pangolin CoV and BatCoV RaTG. Advanced scientific studies help traceability and vaccine development. In addition to the subgenus classification analysis of the virus, it is interesting for further exploration to focus attention on mutations and their transmissions in different regions. New mutations may be likely to affect the symptoms of the disease and the effectiveness of vaccination. This paper is focused on the study to make error bars and scatter graphs with the support of the metagenetic analysis system MAS. Using SARS-CoV-2 genomes in different countries and regions as input datasets, topological entropy values provide global characteristic quantities based on C4 module for visualization. Sample results show that the method is powerful and useful for consistently integrating all genomes on one unique genomic index map. Various countries have confirmed their specific positions and projections under topologic entropies. Further explorations are required.
Vitamin D Status and COVID-19: Some Implications
Authors: EMILION Ernest , Emilion Richard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Vitamin D is essential for the maintenance of good health and its status is defined by the level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D). Negative correlations between mean levels of 25(OH)D per country and the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases per one million population, and COVID-19 mortality per one million population, were recently observed. The aim of this study was to identify levels of 25(OH)D below which, rates of COVID-19 confirmed cases, mortality and lethality, increase significantly.Methods A data table found in the literature, containing a list of twenty countries and their corresponding mean level of 25(OH)D was updated with COVID-19 latest numbers of confirmed cases and mortality rates. Cut points of 25(OH)D below which rates were significantly higher were found according to various statistical criteria: absolute difference of means, t-test p-values, between class variance, entropy. Thresholds of 25(OH)D below which there can be a significant rise of COVID-19 confirmed cases, mortality and lethality, were found performing a Gaussian kernel regression. Results All the criteria yielded 25(OH)D cut off points at 50 ± 10 nmol/L for Cases and Mortality variables and at 60 ± 10 nmol/L for Lethality variable. A Gaussian kernel regression showed a significant rise in the rates of COVID-19 confirmed cases, mortality and lethality, below 25(OH)D levels of 60 ± 6 nmol/L. Conclusion In this study, our method provided a reliable estimate (95 % confidence interval) of 25(OH)D levels, of 60 ± 6 nmol/L, in the range of vitamin D insufficiency, below which rates of COVID-19 confirmed cases per one million population, rates of COVID-19 mortality per one million population increased. We found that 25(OH)D levels below 50 ± 10 nmol/L, mainly in the range of vitamin D deficiency, associate with highest COVID-19 mortality rates. Therefore, we suggest that 25(OH)D concentrations should be above 60 ± 6 nmol/L to reduce morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In Vivo Live Imaging of Bone Using Shortwave Infrared Fluorescence Quantum Dots
Authors: Che Yanjun , Feng Sijia , Guo Jiangbo , Hou Junjun , Zhu Xuesong , Chen Liang , Yang Huilin , Chen Mo , Li Yunxia , Chen Shiyi , Cheng Zhen , Luo Zongping , Chen Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bone is playing an increasingly critical role in human health and disease. More noninvasive multi-scale imaging techniques are urgently required for investigations on the substructures and biological functions of bones. Our results firstly revealed that our prepared SWIR QDs acted as a bone-specific image contrast to achieve real-time imaging of bone structures both in vivo and ex vivo. The major bone structures of both Balb/C nude mouse and Balb/C mouse including the skull, spine, pelvis, limbs and the sternum could be rapidly and gradually identified via blood circulation after QDs injection in vivo. More importantly, the binding capability of our QDs mainly depend on the biological activities of bone tissues, suggesting our technique was suitable for in vivo live imaging. Additionally, the cell imaging results suggested that the potential mechanism of our bone imaging could be ascribed to the highly specific interaction between QDs and MC3T3-E1 cells. In a word, skeletal structures and biological activities of bones are anticipated to be observed and monitored with this QDs-guided SWIR imaging strategy, respectively. This radiation-free QDs-guided SWIR live imaging of bone can put new insights into a comprehensive study of bones in vivo and provide basis for early diagnosis of bone diseases.
Translating Policy Guidelines: A Multiple Case Study of Disease Prevention in Sweden
Authors: Elg Mattias , Wihlborg Elin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

There is a growing need to establish new knowledge on healthcare policy implementation that is relevant for both research and practice. Many attempts fail to deliver implemented policy initiates effectively because of the lack of coordination between system levels and different actors own agendas. The aim of this paper is to propose and illustrate an analytical framework providing a multilevel and multi-actor perspective in order to uncover combined difficulties of policy implementation within the context of a public healthcare system.
Methods

A multiple case study approach for the implementation of disease prevention in four Swedish healthcare regions was used. The selection of cases – regions within Sweden – was made in order to reflect a broad variety of contextual factors that may influence the policy implementation effectiveness. Interviewees consisted of a strategic sample of respondents representing different system levels and logics from each region. The qualitative analysis was based on empirically identified translation strategies by building a logical chain of evidence of the whole implementation process.
Results

The translation of policy guidelines was theorized and empirically investigated as chains of steps from the evidence-based policy formulated in the national guidelines for disease prevention methods via regional administrative systems into clinical practices. The following thematic areas were investigated: the successive translation of the policy object, consequences of policy reprioritizations, the role of technology in translation and the embedding of policy in clinical practice.
Conclusions

In successful implementation chains, guidelines are translated by being received and transferred to healthcare administrative systems through various political administrative activities and are then realised in everyday clinical practice. Policy is translated into different parts of the systems successively within the context of a multi-actor, multi-logic framework. Each actor/logic may take on the policy idea, change the route, delay it or even cancel out efforts. Earlier steps in the policy translation chain thus have consequences for later activities.
Predicting Bovine Respiratory Disease Outcome Using Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Blakebrough-Hall C. , Hick P. , González L.A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most significant disease affecting feedlot cattle. Indicators of BRD often used in feedlots such as visual signs, rectal temperature, computer-assisted lung auscultation (CALA) score, the number of BRD treatments, presence of viral pathogens, viral seroconversion and lung damage at slaughter vary in their ability to predict an animal’s BRD outcome, and no studies have been published determining how a combination of these BRD indicators may define the number of BRD disease outcome groups. The objectives of the current study were 1) to identify BRD outcome groups using BRD indicators collected during the feeding phase and at slaughter through latent class analysis, and 2) to determine the importance of these BRD indicators to predict disease outcome. Animals with BRD (n=127) were identified by visual signs and removed from production pens for further examination. Control animals displaying no visual signs of BRD (n=143) were also removed and examined. Blood, nasal swab samples and clinical measurements were collected. Lung and pleural lesions indicative of BRD were scored at slaughter. Latent class analysis was applied to identify possible outcome groups. Results Three latent classes were identified in the best model fit, categorized as non-BRD, mild BRD and severe BRD. Animals in the mild BRD group had a higher probability of visual signs of BRD compared to animals with severe BRD. Animals in the severe BRD group were more likely to require more than one treatment for BRD and have ≥ 40oC rectal temperature, ≥ 10% total lung consolidation and severe pleural lesions at slaughter. Animals in the severe BRD group were also more likely to be naïve at feedlot entry and first BRD pull and have a positive nasal swab result for some BRD viruses. Lower overall ADG (average daily gain) was also associated with severe BRD (P < 0.001). Conclusions These results demonstrate that there are important indicators of BRD severity. Using this information to predict an animal’s BRD outcome would greatly enhance treatment efficacy and aid in better management of animals at risk of suffering from severe BRD.
Lipoma intraoral atípico: relato de caso
Authors: Abrahim Naíza Menezes Medeiros , Sombra Gesom Avohai Dias , Silva Jardel dos Santos , Barreiros André Luiz Carvalho , Câmara Jeconias , Fujimoto Luciana Botinelly Mendonça 
Published: August 2020

Os lipomas são tumores de tecido mole que raramente acometem a cavidade oral. A lesão apresenta variáveis clínicas e histopatológicas que não alteram seu prognóstico. Apesar de suas características comuns, a lesão pode estabelecer diagnóstico diferencial com outras lesões de tecido mole. O objetivo desse artigo é relatar a apresentação clínica não usual de um lipoma localizado em mucosa jugal com 3cm em sua maior extensão, em paciente do sexo masculino com 56 anos de idade. O plano de tratamento foi a biópsia excisional com excelente prognóstico.Descritores: Boca; Lipoma; Neoplasia Bucais.ReferênciasJuliasse LE, Nonaka CF, Pinto LP, Freitas Rde A, Miguel MC. Lipomas of the oral cavity: clinical and histopathologic study of 41 cases in a Brazilian population. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;267(3):459-65.Naruse T, Yanamoto S, Yamada S, Rokutanda S, Kawakita A, Takahashi H et al. Lipomas of the oral cavity: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 24 cases and review of the literature. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;67(Suppl 1):67-73.Manor E, Sion-Vardy N, Joshua BZ, Bodner L. Oral lipoma: analysis of 58 new cases and review of the literature. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2011;15(4):257-61.Avelar LR, Carvalho RWF, Falcão PGCB, Antunes AA, Andrade ESS et al. Lipomas da Região Oral e Maxilofacial: Estudo Retrospectivo de 16 Anos no Brasil. Rev Port Estomatol Cir Maxilofac 2008;49(4):207-11.Said-Al-Naief N, Zahurullah FR, Sciubba JJ. Oral spindle cell lipoma. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2001;5(4):207-15.Egido-Moreno S, Lozano-Porras AB, Mishra S, Allegue-Allegue M, Marí-Roig A, López-López J. Intraoral lipomas: Review of literature and report of two clinical cases. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016;8(5):e597-603. A RK, N PN, Y S, A VK, D KK. Intraoral lipoma: a rare case report and review of literature. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(12):3090-91.Raj M, Ramadoss T, Anuradha G, Devi S. Intraoral lipoma: review of literature and case report. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2012; 24(1):36-38Carvalho MF, Junqueira TP, Souza RR, Capistrano HM, Chaves MGAM.The importance of early diagnosis of large lipomas in the maxillofacial region. Rev Cubana Estomatol. 2011;48(1):77-83Noro Filho GA, Caputo BV, Santos CC, Souza RS, Giovani EM, Scabar LF et al. Diagnosis and treatment of intraoral lipoma: a case report. J Health Sci Inst. 2010;28(2):129-31.