bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequence Stratigraphic Interpretation of FX-1 and FX-2 wells, Onshore Western Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Amiewalan F.O. , Lucas F.A. 
Published: June 2020

The area of study is a portion of the Greater Ughelli Depobelt in Niger Delta Basin. The main aim of the paper is to interpret the sequence stratigraphy of FX-1 and FX-2 wells by employing data sets from biostratigraphic data and well logs. Standard laboratory techniques were used for data treatment while computer software such as Petrel and StrataBugs were used for data simulation, processing, integration and interpretation. Sedimentology, interpreted gamma ray and resistivity well logs integrated with biostratigraphic data were utilized to define the candidate maximum flooding surfaces and sequence boundaries. The wells have the following distributions of sequences: FX-1 well have five depositional sequences with eight candidate maximum flooding surfaces at depths 10011 ft., 9509 ft., 9437 ft., 6362 ft., 5752 ft., 5507 ft., 5161 ft. and 4816 ft. dated 34.0 Ma, 33.0 Ma, 31.3 Ma, 28.1 Ma, 26.2 Ma, 24.3 Ma, 23.2 Ma and 22.0 Ma and seven candidate sequence boundaries at 9616 ft., 6656 ft., 6116 ft., 5639 ft., 5424 ft., 4859 ft. and 4581 ft. dated 33.3 Ma, 29.3 Ma, 27.3 Ma, 24.9 Ma, 23.7 Ma, 22.2 Ma and 21.8 Ma, respectively. FX-2 well have four depositional sequences, five candidate MFSs were identified at 7764 ft., 7196 ft., 6721 ft., 5862 ft. and 5571 ft. dated 34.0 Ma, 33.0 Ma, 31.3 Ma, 28.1 Ma and 24.3 Ma and five candidate SBs at 6941 ft., 6029 ft., 5688 ft., 5653 ft. and 5542 ft. dated 32.4 Ma, 29.3 Ma, 27.3 Ma, 24.9 Ma and 23.7 Ma respectively. The correlation of the two wells and sequence stratigraphic interpretation is a supplementary understanding of the subsurface geology of the Onshore, western Niger Delta area of Nigeria.
Keywords: Bio-stratigraphic data, Well logs, Sequence stratigraphy, Well correlation.
Assessing Uptake Kinetics and Natural Depuration of Lead and Cadmium in African Catfish Juvenile
Authors: Babatunde B.B. , Dike C.S. , Ibekwe C.J. 
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out to assess the uptake kinetics of two heavy metals lead and cadmium in African catfish juveniles and their ability to depurate during subsequent exposure to clean water. Catfish juveniles with average weight and length of 5.3g and 5.8cm respectively were randomly selected and acclimatized for two weeks. A 24-hour range finding test was carried out. In the definite test, the fish were stocked in 24 tanks containing 5litres of water with lead and cadmium treatment separately labeled according to predetermined concentrations 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg for lead and cadmium with 4 fish in each treatment. The water and fish were analyzed for the metals after 5 days to show percentage uptake of the metals from the water. The fish were transferred back into clean water to access the rate of depuration and water was changed continuously. After 4 days the fish were analyzed again to see if they were purged of the heavy metals. Based on these findings catfish have shown to be good accumulators of heavy metals but can be depurated if allowed to swim in clean water. Uptake percentage after the period of exposure to 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg, 25mg concentrations were 18.68, 10.17, 5.95, 1.41, 8.26 for cadmium and 20.47, 10.17, 8.76, 9.92, 10.08 for lead; Percentage of metals depurated after 4 days were 40.00, 80.70, 90.00, 77.78, 45 for cadmium and 73.045, 20.413, 41.425, 37.580, 61.141 for lead. Lead was readily taken but cadmium was readily depurated.
Keywords: Heavy metals, juvenile catfish, exposure, uptake and depuration
Household Energy Consumption in Nigeria: A Review on the Applicability of the Energy Ladder Model
Authors: Adamu M.B. , Adamu H. , Ade S.M. , Akeh G.I. 
Published: June 2020

Household energy consumption dynamics in developing countries is often conceptualized through the Energy ladder model and assumes that with increasing income, householders will have a preference to cleaner energy. This paper reviewed various energy sources for household consumption and examines the implications of their dependence on traditional energy sources as well as the energy ladder model as a concept widely used by scholars in describing the role of income in determining energy use and choices. It further explains the consumption behaviour of households in relation to the major assumptions of the model. The paper posits that the dependence on energy sources at the lowest rung of the energy ladder by most households in Nigeria is accentuated by rising poverty level consistent with the energy ladder hypothesis but disagrees with the notion of complete fuel substitution given that most households tend to have a mix of energy sources for their activities It recommends that government and other stakeholders should formulate policies that will foster the use of modern energy sources with a view to mitigating the environmental and health externalities of traditional energy use as well as improving the quality of human lives.
Keywords: Households, energy consumption, energy ladder model, income
Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Assessment of Selected Forest Based Communities in Omo Biosphere Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Oladele T.A. , Sridhar M.K.C. , Raji A.O. 
Published: June 2020

This study assessed socio-economic characteristics and lifestyle of selected forest based communities in Omo Biosphere Reserve, Ogun state in southwest Nigeria. The study aim was to explore the influence of socioeconomic factors on their lifestyle, quality of life and implications for forest environment. A sample of 180 respondents from three enclaves was selected using simple random sampling. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 20 and presented as Tables and charts. The results showed that 86.11 per cent of them were adults between ages 31years and 70years who have families, responsibilities to cater for and have capacity to further expand their land into the forest. Only 2.2 per cent of the respondents have no formal education indicating a great decline in illiteracy. About 75.56 per cent have incomes ranging between 500,000 to 1,000,000 yearly. 58 per cent respondents have a household size ranging between 6-10 persons. 7.22 per cent have farm size less than 3 Ha while the rest have more up to 10 Ha. 83 per cent of the respondents were involved in cocoa farming while the remaining 17 per cent shared kola, palm and plantain crops farming. The type of constraints affecting the livelihood strategy often influences the mitigation measures undertaken by farmers in the study area. On health, malaria is the most prevalent disease experienced by 73.3 per cent respondents. However, the health care facilities are far from residents and also inadequate. As a result, about 95.6 per cent resorted to self-medication using herbs in case of illness. Younger and active age groups have their resultant socio-economic implications for forest environment but the obvious is its negativities in respect of exploiting more lands for farming hence, government should ensure increase awareness aimed at protecting the forest in order to prevent further forest encroachers.
Keywords: Socioeconomic, Lifestyle, Communities, Forest
Determination and Remediation of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Petroleum Contaminated Water
Authors: Ijaola O.O. , Sangodoyin A.Y. 
Published: June 2020

Determination and remediation of pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have not being fully regulated in Nigeria; hence contamination of surface water by such pollutant is a major concern. This study was designed to determine the level of selected PAHs in petroleum contaminated water using spectroscopic techniques and the efficacy of activated carbons made from Bambusa vulgaris and Oxytenanthera vabyssinaca. Bambusa vulgaris and Oxytenanthera abyssinaca were carbonized at 350OC and activated with Phosphoric acid (CBV350OC H3PO4) and Potassium chloride (COA 350OC KCl) as dehydrating agent respectively. The adsorbents were then used to remediate PAHs in petroleum contaminated water. Liquid-Liquid extraction procedures were used for extracting selected PAHs from sampled solutions. The batch experiment was performed to study the adsorption capacity of adsorbents at 5hrs contact time. Analysis of PAHs concentration for each sampling day was determined by GC-MS. Total PAHs in simulated wastewater did not show a clear trend, contrary to the expectation that there should be a progressive increase with time due to photolysis or photodecomposition of compounds or PAHs. COA 350OC KCl showed a range of 6.2-19.3% removal efficiency of each selected PAH with a total percentage efficiency of 27.7-70.8 for all days. For CBV350OC H3PO4 removal efficiency ranged from 10.26-19.30% for each selected PAH and a total efficiency of 50.8-100% for all selected PAHs for the 4 days intervals. The experimental result showed that adsorbent made from Bambusa vulgaris and Oxytenanthera abyssinaca and activated with H3PO4 and KCl as dehydrating agentrespectively can efficiently adsorb the selected PAHs in contaminated water. The study also revealed that PAHs in contaminated water increases with time due to photodecomposition, thus necessitating their treatment on time.
Effect of Fungal Infection on Defence Proteins of <i>Musca domestica L.</i> and Variation of Virulence with Temperature
Authors: Soyelu O.J. , Oyerinde R.M. , Odu B.O. , Okonji R.E. 
Published: June 2020

With the current global drive for alternative control measures that are safer in comparison to synthetic insecticides, it was considered necessary to assess some fungal entomopathogens for efficacy against the house fly, Musca domestica. The effect of fungal infection on activity of two detoxification enzymes (esterase [EST] and glutathione-S-transferase [GST]) was determined in the laboratory. Effect of temperature on progression of mycosis was also investigated between 15 and 35℃ to determine the optimum temperature necessary for successful fungal infection. Two Beauveria bassiana strains (ARSEF 1564 and ARSEF 8891), Metarhizium robertsii (ARSEF 1057) and M. anisopliae s.s. (ARSEF 5471) were evaluated in this study as potential sources of mycoinsecticide formulations. The fungal strains infected larval and adult house flies successfully by inhibiting activity of EST and GST with a concomitant insect mortality of > 90%. A significantly higher number of dead specimens (80-100%) had fungal growth between 20 and 25℃ with a noticeable level of mycosis also at 30℃. The evaluated fungal strains showed good insecticidal efficacy and could, therefore, serve as good sources of mycoinsecticide formulations against house fly. If this area of biological control is well explored it would reduce reliance on synthetic insecticide formulations.
Keywords: Defence proteins, house fly mortality, mycosis, optimum temperature
Biodegradation Potentials of Waste Engine Oil by Three Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Enerijiofi K.E. , Ahonsi C.O. , Ajao E.K. 
Published: June 2020

Environmental contamination by waste engine oil in cities all over the world constitute serious public health concern because its effects are unwholesome and unquantifiable. This study was carried out to biodegrade waste engine oil using bacterial isolates. Three bacteria were isolated from soil samples that have been contaminated with waste engine oil for over seven years in automechanic workshops at Ebelle. They were analysed using standard methods. The bacterial count was 89.4 ± 0.02cfu/g while the control was 3.6 ± 0.14cfu/g. The bacterial diversity identified in descending order were Bacillus sp. (25.41%), Pseudomonas sp. (22.13%), Corynebacterium sp. (18.44%), Acetobacter sp. (18.03%) and Aeromonas sp. (15.98%). The biodegradation efficiencies of three bacterial isolates; Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium species were observed taking records of change in physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity and total hydrocarbon content) for 40 days at 10 days interval with waste engine oil sample at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Corynebacterium sp. gave the highest percentage reduction in pH values of 52.92% at 10% contamination level while Pseudomonas sp. gave the highest percentage reduction of 53.04%, 52.99% and 53.01% at 20%, 30% and 40% crude oil contamination levels respectively. The pH values of the control was almost the same all through the period of incubation. Bacillus sp. gave the highest percentage increase in electrical conductivity value of 74.17%, 69.93% and 69.91% at 10%, 20% and 40% contamination level respectively while Pseudomonas sp. gave the highest increase of 70.45% at 30% contamination level. Also, the values at day 0 and the control were not so different from each other. Corynebacterium sp. gave the highest percentage reduction in total hydrocarbon content of 95.49%, 95.48%, 96.50% and 96.50% at 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% contamination level respectively. The result revealed a reduction in pH and total hydrocarbon content while there was an increase in electrical conductivity values. This indicated that biodegradation occurred. This study revealed that the bacterial isolates particularly Corynebacterium sp. possess the ability to biodegrade waste engine oil thereby guaranteeing environmental quality and sustained public health for all and sundry.
Keywords: biodegradation, Corynebacterium sp., environmental sustainability, total hydrocarbon content
Adoption of Agro-Forestry among Farmers in Onigambari area of Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Kolade R.I. , Akanni O.F. , Ugege B.H. , Ojedokun C.A. , Asunlegan O.A. , Adisa A.S. , Adetola O.O. 
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out in the Onigambari area of Oyo state to determine the choice of farmers to practice Ago-forestry in the area. The χ2 test result revealed that the educational level of the respondents correlated highly with the respondents major occupation (p<0.01). χ2 test shows that there was significant relationship (p<0.01) between the respondents’ level of education and awareness of agroforestry systems. This shows that farmers with a better educational background can accept agro forestry easily than those will lower education. Farmers’ awareness of Agroforestry systems, willingness to plant trees, purpose of planting trees and desired tree species were evaluated. It was observed that 74% of the respondents are not willing to practice agroforestry while 24% shows interest. 64% confirmed they are aware of the practice while 32% had never heard of such practice. The t-test result shows a significant difference with respect to the willingness of the respondents to practice agroforestry. Of those that areaware, 38% practice agroforestry for the purpose of fuel wood, 36% as source of income while only 2% practice for the purpose of wind breaking. Eucalyptus calmuldulensis, Magnifera indica, Gmelina aboreal are some of the tress used for this practice in the study area. Lack of seed and scarcity of land were identified as limiting factors that prevent farmers from practicing agroforestry. In summary it was observed that the respondent’s level of education correlated significantly to the level of education, also the level of education determines respondent’s willingness to practice agroforestry. It is recommended that Seeds, Seedlings and land be made available to encourage the practice among farmers. Extension workers are encouraged to engage farmers more on the benefits of agroforestry.
Keyword: Farmers, Agroforestry, Climate change, Land degradation, Natural Fallow
Physicochemical Analysis of Surface and Ground Water in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Ovonramwen O.B. 
Published: June 2020

Physicochemical analyses of surface and groundwater samples from eleven different locations in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria were sampled and analyzed for physicochemical parameters according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The following mean and standard deviation were obtained from the groundwater of the communities: temp (oC) 22.46 ± 0.50 and 23.23 ± 0.99, pH 6.63 ± 0.68 and6.69 ± 0.24, dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg/L) 5.91 ± 0.46 and 5.73 ± 0.46, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mg/L) 4.24 ± 0.01 and 4.43 ± 0.10, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (mg/L) 3.51 ± 0.38 and 3.84 ± 0.21, Turbidity (NTU) 1.22 ± 1.07 and 3.56 ± 0.77, electrical conductivity (EC) (μs/cm) 748.9 ± 215.79 and 786.67 ± 226.77, color (TCU) 1.22 ± 2.12 and 6.11 ± 2.11, total alkalinity (TA) (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, HCO3- (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, NO3 - (mg/L) 1.13 ± 0.62 and 2.89 ± 1.25, total solids (TS) (mg/L) 489.09 ± 180.17 and 664.95 ± 373.37, total suspended solids (TSS) (mg/L) 32.25 ± 24.29 and 123.86 ± 82.79, total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg/L) 456.78 ± 163.73 and 542.20 ± 450.66, Cl- (mg/L) 21.20 ± 3.20 and 20.10 ± 3.89, total hardness (TH) (mg/L) 26.67 ± 22.83 and 46.78 ± 36.17, Na (mg/L) 1.26 ± 0.06 and 1.16 ± 0.04, K (mg/L) 0.04 ± 0.01 and 0.06 ± 0.03, Mg (mg/L) 4.32 ± 3.23 and 6.96 ± 5.49, Ca (mg/L) 8.68 ± 9.35 and 18.12 ± 13.71 respectively. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and compared with the standard set by the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for water samples. Some of the parameters did not meet the standards, hence the need for treatment. The present physio-chemical analyses of surface and groundwater quality of the two neighboring university areas, Ugbomro and Iteregbi, were done to assess the environmental status of the environment before socio-economic impacts.
Keywords: physicochemical, surface water, groundwater, water quality
Microbiological Properties of Stored Freeze Dried Cow Milk Cheese and Soy Cheese
Authors: Paul T. , Adejumo B.A. , Okosa I. , Chidinma-Edeh C.E. 
Published: June 2020

The microbiological properties of stored freeze dried cow milk cheese and soy cheese were investigated. Cow milk cheese and soy milk cheese were prepared using appropriate standard procedures. The microbial qualities of the stored freeze dried samples were determined using standard methods as prescribed by Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods and Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Data obtained were analyzed statistically to determine the effect of the packaging materials and storage duration on the microbial qualities of freeze dried cheese samples. Result of the microbial composition for the fresh cow milk and soy cheese for bacterial and fungi count are 3.00x103±0.01, 2.54x106±0.05 and 2.76x103±0.02, 2.60x106±0.10 while the result for the freeze dried cow milk and soy cheese before storage are 2.72x103±0.02, 2.35x106±0.30 and 2.54x103±0.03, 2.38x106±0.50. This indicates that all the packaging material types used have the ability to minimize the microbial growth of stored freeze dried cheese. Polythene film is recommended to be more suitable in terms of cost, availability, compactibility and weight.
Keywords: cheese, freeze drying, microbial qualities, packaging materials.
Comparative Assessment of Air Quality in Igwuruta and Aluu, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Akhionbare S.M.O. , Okweri-Eric O.G. , Ihejirika C.E. 
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the air quality of Aluu and Igwuruta communities both in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, using carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), suspended particulate matter (SPM), Methare (CH4), ammonia (NH3) Ozone (03) and Volatile Organic Compound (VOCs) as indices. Sampling was done at eighteen (18) locations within Aluu and Igwuruta at graded distances from the two (2) flare points located within the study area. Ambient air temperature, relative humility and windspeed were also measured for the location. Results showed the following levels for Aluu: CO; 934.2 ± 6.5 μg/m3, NO2; 1451.4 ± 14.28 μg/m3, SO2; 243.3 ± 9.085 μg/m3, NH3; 2167.3 ± 8.916 μg/m3, CH4; 34734.5 ± 9.55 μg/m3, SPM; 23.55 ± 6.05 μg/m3, O3; 14.795 ± 6.33 μg/m3 and VOC; 4.04 ± 1.842 μg/m3 while for Igwuruta, results are given as: CO; 460 ± 6.81 μg/m3, SPM; 95.7 ± 3.588 μg/m3, NO2; 1300.75 ± 4.681 μg/m3, SO2; 1191.72 ± 13.127 μg/m3, SO2; 1191.72 ± 13.127 μg/m3, NH3; 554.05 ± 9.241 μg/m3, CH4; 15078.8 ± 10.74 μg/m3, O3; 17.464 ± 1.696 and VOC; 4.659 ± 1.059 μg/m3. The dominant pollutants were NO2, SO2, NH3 and CH4. These results raises concern on possible health risk on community dwellers while Igwuruta had higher levels than Aluu in NO2 and SO2 levels. It is therefore recommended among others, that gas to energy conversion approach is a readily available technology that can be used to curb the menance of environmental pollution due to gas flaring at the same time harnessing the commodity value of the associated gases currently being flared.
Key words: criteria pollutants, reinforcement, Igwuruta, Aluu, health effects
Analysis of Class 1 Integrons and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in<i> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Strains from Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Isichei-Ukah B.O. , Enabulele O.I. 
Published: June 2020

The presence of integrons and antibiotic resistance genes in the genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pose a serious problem in the treatment and control of infections caused by this pathogen in hospitals. This study was carried to analyse the presence of class 1 integrons and some antibiotic resistance genes on selected clinical and environmental strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A total of 120 strains were employed for this study.The strains were confirmed using molecular method and species-specific primers targeting the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of class 1 integrons and resistance genes using appropriate primers and conditions. The strains were analysed for the presence of the following antibiotic resistance genes - aadA, blaPSE, blaAMPC, blaIMP and tetC encoding aminoglycosides, betalactamases, metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) and tetracylines resistance respectively. On screening the isolates for the presence of class 1 integrons, 50/60 (83.3 %) clinical isolates and 46/60 (76.7 %) environmental isolates showed positive results (P > 0.05). In both clinical and environmental isolates, the highest occurring resistance genes were blaAMPC and tetC (encoding beta-lactamases and tetracylines respectively), while the least was observed in blaIMP (encoding metallo-beta-lactamases). In comparison, there was high significance difference (at P<0.01 significance level) in the resistance gene blaPSE between the clinical and environmental strains. The high prevalence of these resistance genes is a great threat in the treatment of Pseudomonas infections.
Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Resistance genes, Integrons, Beta-lactamases.
Profitability of Non Timber Forest Products Collected in Arakanga Forest Reserve, Abeokuta Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde T.O. , Babatunde O.O. , Babatunde K.O. , Oluwalana T. , Aduloju A.R. 
Published: June 2020

The study investigated evaluation of economic impact of non-timber forest products collections in Arakanga forest reserve in Ogun State. Purposive sampling was used to select four villages around the reserve, representing 10% sampling intensity in the study area. A total of 98 questionnaires were administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgetary analysis. Majority of respondents were within the age group of40-49 years (35.7%) and mostly were female(51%),40.8% had no formal education while 33.7% had primary education and were mostly married(57.1%). Identified NTFPs includes fuelwood, mushroom, charcoal and honey. The result on profitability showed that fuel-wood had the highest net profit (₦10,916.85) among the NTFPs found in the study area. Constraints faced NTFPs were price fluctuation (58.2%), low demand (14.3%) and inadequate credit facilities (11.2%) and host of others. It was recommended that NTFPs should be introduced to youth in orderto reduce the level of unemployment and government should repaired the road network to the forest for easy accessibility for NTFPs operation.
Keywords: profitability, Arakanga, constraint, collections, forest reserve