bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A variable mosquito flying optimization‐based hybrid artificial neural network model for the alarm tuning of process fault detection systems
Authors: Alauddin Md , Khan Faisal , Imtiaz Syed , Ahmed Salim 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChemical process systems are becoming extremely complex due to increased automation, heat and mass intensification, and expectation of higher efficiency. Many fault detection and diagnostic methods have been proposed for processing facilities. However, managing the missed alarm rate and the false alarm rate (FAR) in the detection and isolation of the fault is crucial in the complex process systems. This work presents a new data‐driven fault detection model using an artificial neural network (ANN) and variable mosquito flying optimization (V‐MFO) technique. The model is based on the optimization of the number of neurons in the hidden layer of the neural network. Subsequently, the model parameters have been tuned using the V‐MFO algorithm for maximizing the fault detection rate (FDR) while minimizing the FAR. The proposed fault detection method has been implemented on the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process. The performance of the proposed model has been evaluated in terms of accuracy, FDR and FAR against well‐known statistical‐based methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), kernel PCA, semiparametric PCA, modified independent component analysis, k nearest neighbors, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and the ANN. The model is observed to be competitive for fault detection among the test algorithms. It recorded slightly improved accuracy and FDR. The proposed model also resulted in 0.6% improvement in the FAR and 8% improvement in missed detection rate compared to the simple ANN. This method provides an efficient fault detection tool for complex process systems.
Estimated exposure to glyphosate in humans via environmental, occupational, and dietary pathways: an updated review of the scientific literature
Authors: Solomon Keith R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, but it has also been the focus of discussion and restrictions in several countries since it was declared ‘probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A)’ by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2015. Since that time, several regulatory agencies have reviewed the public literature and guideline studies submitted for regulatory purposes and have concluded that it is not a carcinogen, and revised acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and the reference dose (RfD) have been published. Also, restrictions on use have been lifted in many locations. Risk assessment for any pesticide requires knowledge of exposure in humans and the environment, and this paper is an update on a previous review in 2016 and includes papers published after 2016. These exposure data for air, water, bystanders, the general public, domesticated animals, pets, and applicators were combined and compared to the revised exposure criteria published by regulatory agencies. In all cases, measured and estimated systemic exposures to glyphosate in humans and animals were less than the ADIs and the RfD. Based on this large dataset, these exposures represent a de minimis risk. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio and timing of delivery in early‐onset fetal growth restriction with antegrade umbilical artery flow
Authors: Quezada M. S. , Rodríguez‐Calvo J. , Villalaín C. , Gómez‐Arriaga P. I. , Galindo A. , Herraiz I. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo analyze the value of the soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1/placental growth factor (sFlt‐1/PlGF) ratio in predicting the time to delivery in early‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) with preserved antegrade umbilical artery (UA) flow at diagnosis.MethodsThis was a prospective observational single‐center cohort study of pregnancies with early‐onset (< 32 + 0 weeks) FGR and antegrade UA flow, in which maternal serum sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio was determined at diagnosis. FGR was defined as estimated fetal weight < 3rd centile or < 10th centile with UA pulsatility index > 95th centile, fetal middle cerebral artery pulsatility index < 5th centile or cerebroplacental ratio < 5th centile. The previously described sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio cut‐off value of 85 for facilitating the diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia was assessed in the prediction of the need to deliver in < 1 week and ≥ 4 weeks.ResultsIn total, 120 cases were included. There were 116 (96.7%) liveborn neonates and 108 (90.0%) perinatal survivors. Median (interquartile range (IQR)) gestational age at diagnosis of early‐onset FGR was 27.1 (25.7–29.4) weeks. Median (IQR) sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio at diagnosis was 196 (84–474). Ninety (75.0%) cases had a sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio ≥ 85. Among pregnancies with a liveborn neonate, median (IQR) interval to delivery in the groups with sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio < 85 and ≥ 85 was 41 (22–54) days and 11 (4–20) days, respectively (P < 0.01). The probability of having to deliver within 1 week after diagnosis was 0% and 35.6% in those with sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio < 85 and ≥ 85, respectively (P = 0.03), and the probability of delaying delivery for ≥ 4 weeks was 72.4% and 19.5%, respectively (P < 0.01).ConclusionsFlt‐1/PlGF ratio < 85 at diagnosis of early‐onset FGR with antegrade UA flow identifies a group of pregnancies in which the need to deliver within 1 week is very low and the interval to delivery is expected to be prolonged for ≥ 4 weeks in > 70% of cases. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Weather, War, and Chaos: Richardson’s Encounter with Molecules and Nations
Authors: Scheffran Jürgen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRichardson’s pioneering work on modeling conflict and arms races has demonstrated that mathematics can contribute to peace and conflict research, using system dynamics and stability conceptions to study both nature and society. Drawing from limitations and extensions of Richardson’s model, including decision rules and chaos in arms races, an integrated modeling framework of social interaction among multiple agents is presented to study conflict phenomena in a complex world. Conditions for instability and chaos are discussed, potentially leading to arms races and violent conflicts, as well as transitions between conflict and cooperation. The model offers a basis for insights into the analysis of potential relationships of natural resources and climate change with social stability and conflict, building bridges between Richardson’s research in atmospheric sciences and his work on peace and conflict.
When Lanchester Met Richardson: The Interaction of Warfare with Psychology
Authors: MacKay Niall 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSimple dynamical systems, in the spirit of Richardson’s arms race, can be used to investigate the core dynamics of various models of insurgent and multilateral war. This chapter describes two such models. The first combines Richardson’s two-nation arms race with Lanchester’s attrition model and Deitchman’s guerrilla variant of it to create a model in which the typical long-term outcome is neither annihilation nor escalation but rather a stable fixed point, a stalemate. The scaling it implies for the force required to defeat an insurgency matches that which has been observed. The second model is of multilateral attritional war, in the spirit of Richardson’s multinational arms race. We describe the case of three antagonists, whose objective is to win but, if they cannot win, to minimize their remaining opponents. In contrast to truels and triads in which the objective is survival, and the weakest actor often emerges in a position of surprising strength, here the outcome is mutual annihilation, unless one side can beat the others put together.
Process selection methodology for near net shape manufacturing
Authors: Marini Daniele , Corney Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new selection methodology that for the first time supports the identification of Near Net Shape (NNS) processes. The methodology, known as “Product, Geometry, Manufacturing and Materials Matching” (ProGeMa3), is composed of four steps, which aim to minimize raw material usage and machining by adopting a NNS approach. A key component of the methodology is the Process Selection Matrix (ProSMa) that associates a component’s shape and production volume with its material requirements to reduce the number of candidate NNS processes. A final selection is then made from this shortlist by using fuzzy logic and considering other constraints and functional requirements. The ProGeMa3 selection process is illustrated by its application to an industrial component that resulted in changes to the processes used for its commercial manufacture. The ProGeMa3 and ProSMa presented in this paper aspires to be current and comprehensive for solid metallic components produced by casting, forging and additive technologies. However, ProSMa is also accessible as an open source resource available for other researcher to extend and adapt.
Characterization of the ferret TRB locus guided by V, D, J, and C gene expression analysis
Authors: Gerritsen Bram , Pandit Aridaman , Zaaraoui-Boutahar Fatiha , van den Hout Mirjam C. G. N. , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , de Boer Rob J. , Andeweg Arno C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe domestic ferret, Mustela putorius furo, is an important mammalian animal model to study human respiratory infection. However, insufficient genomic annotation hampers detailed studies of ferret T cell responses. In this study, we analyzed the published T cell receptor beta (TRB) locus and performed high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of peripheral blood of four healthy adult ferrets to identify expressed V, D, J, and C genes. The HTS data is used as a guide to manually curate the expressed V, D, J, and C genes. The ferret locus appears to be most similar to that of the dog. Like other mammalian TRB loci, the ferret TRB locus contains a library of variable genes located upstream of two D-J-C gene clusters, followed by a (in the ferret non-functional) V gene with an inverted transcriptional orientation. All TRB genes (expressed or not) reported here have been approved by the IMGT/WHO-IUIS nomenclature committee.
Can social and emotional learning improve children’s academic progress? Findings from a randomised controlled trial of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) curriculum
Authors: Hennessey Alexandra , Humphrey Neil 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the significant evidence base demonstrating the positive impact of the Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) curriculum on children’s social-emotional and mental health outcomes, there has been very little research on its efficacy in improving academic attainment. More generally, the relationship between implementation variability and PATHS intervention outcomes has been underexplored. A cluster-randomised controlled trial with two arms: intervention (PATHS – 23 schools) and control (usual practice – 22 schools) was implemented to assess the impact of PATHS on English and Mathematics for children in years 5 (aged 9–10 years,n= 1705 pupils) and 6 (aged 10–11 years,n= 1631 pupils) in English primary schools. Two-level hierarchical linear models (school, child) were used to assess both primary ‘intention-to-treat’ effects and secondary ‘subgroup’ effects (for children eligible for free school meals). Additionally, the moderating role of implementation variability was assessed in 31 year 5 (n= 712 pupils) and 32 year 6 (n= 732 pupils) classes across the 23 intervention schools, with fidelity, dosage, quality/responsiveness and reach data generated via classroom-level structured lesson observations. Intention-to-treat and subgroup analyses revealed no significant positive effect of PATHS on children’s academic attainment. Cluster analyses of observational data revealed four distinct implementation profiles, differentiated primarily by dosage levels. However, these profiles were not significantly associated with differential academic outcomes. In light of our findings and their likely generalisability, it is not possible to recommend PATHS as an effective intervention for improving the academic attainment of children in English primary schools.Trial registration: ISRCTN85087674
Results of a phase I, non-randomized study evaluating a Magnetic Occult Lesion Localization Instrument (MOLLI) for excision of non-palpable breast lesions
Authors: Look Hong Nicole , Wright Frances C. , Semple Mark , Nicolae Alexandru M. , Ravi Ananth 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Magnetic Occult Lesion Localization Instrument (MOLLI) is a wireless, non-radioactive alternative for non-palpable breast lesion localization. The primary objective of this first-in-human study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of using MOLLI for intraoperative localization of non-palpable breast lesions.

Methods
Twenty women with non-palpable breast lesions at a single institution received a lumpectomy using the MOLLI guidance system. Patients were co-localized with magnetic and radioactive markers up to 7 days before excision by a dedicated breast radiologist under sonographic guidance. Both markers were localized intraoperatively using dedicated hand-held probes. The primary outcome was successful excision of the magnetic marker, confirmed radiographically and pathologically. Demographic data, margin positivity, and re-excision rates were collected. Surgical oncologists, radiologists, and pathology staff were surveyed for user satisfaction.

Results
Post-radiological analysis: Post-implant mammograms verified that 17/20 markers were placed directly in the lesion center. Radiologists reported that all marker implantations procedures were “easy” or “very easy” following a single training session. Post-surgical analysis: All MOLLI markers were successfully removed with the specimen during surgical excision. In all cases, surgeons ranked the MOLLI guidance system as “very easy” for lesion localization. Pathologic analysis: All patients had negative margins. All anatomic pathology staff ranked the MOLLI system as “very easy” to localize markers.

Conclusions
The MOLLI guidance system is a reliable and accurate method for intraoperative localization of non-palpable breast lesions. Further evaluation of the MOLLI system in studies against current standards of care is required to demonstrate system cost-effectiveness and improved patient-reported outcomes.
Using REDCap to track stakeholder engagement: A time-saving tool for PCORI-funded studies
Authors: Gesell Sabina B. , Halladay Jacqueline R. , Mettam Laurie H. , Sissine Mysha E. , Staplefoote-Boynton B. Lynette , Duncan Pamela W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground:Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) is a secure, web-based electronic data capture application for building and managing surveys and databases. It can also be used for study management, data transfer, and data export into a variety of statistical programs. REDcap was developed and supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Program and is used in over 3700 institutions worldwide. It can also be used to track and measure stakeholder engagement, an integral element of research funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). Continuously and accurately tracking and reporting on stakeholder engagement activities throughout the life of a PCORI-funded trial can be challenging, particularly in complex trials with multiple types of engagement.Methods:In this paper, we show our approach for collecting and capturing stakeholder engagement activities using a shareable REDCap tool in one of the PCORI’s first large pragmatic clinical trials (the Comprehensive Post-Acute Stroke Services) to inform other investigators planning cluster-randomized pragmatic trials. Benefits and challenges are highlighted for researchers seeking to consistently monitor and measure stakeholder engagement.Conclusions:We describe how REDCap can provide a time-saving approach to capturing how stakeholders engage in a PCORI-funded study and reporting how stakeholders influenced the study in progress reports back to PCORI.
‘It's a bit of a grey area’: challenges faced by stop smoking practitioners when advising on e-cigarettes
Authors: Sumodhee Dayyanah , Povey Rachel , Pontikos Nikolas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionAccording to UK guidelines, stop smoking practitioners are expected to be open and supportive towards e-cigarette users. As adequate support from practitioners can be instrumental for smokers to successfully quit smoking, it is crucial to explore the challenges that stop smoking practitioners face when advising on e-cigarette use.AimThis qualitative study explores the challenges that stop smoking practitioners face when advising patients on e-cigarettes.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with 10 stop smoking practitioners from four stop smoking services in London. Face to face interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to explore practitioners' experiences when advising on e-cigarettes.FindingsTwo themes were noted: practitioners' concerns and practitioner–patient interactions. Practitioners were particularly concerned regarding the lack of information, safety issues and the maintenance of addiction linked with e-cigarettes. They emphasised the difficulty of advising on a product that they cannot prescribe. Overall, practitioners expressed the lack of confidence when advising on e-cigarettes since they were often unprepared and not able to answer patients' questions on e-cigarettes.ConclusionsStop smoking practitioners' lack of confidence and limited knowledge regarding e-cigarettes emphasises the necessity for training and guidance on e-cigarettes to improve their interactions with patients on this subject. In particular, practitioners need to be provided with clear guidance on how to counsel patients about how and where to buy e-cigarettes.
Gender and Nationalism
Authors: Thomson Jennifer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNationalism has long been understood to be a deeply gendered phenomenon. This article provides an overview of some of the key concepts and literature in the study of gender and nationalism, including women; gender; the nation and the intersection of sexuality, race, and migration; and gender within nationalist imaginations. It offers some future research agendas that might be pursued in work on gender and nationalism—namely the gendered dimensions of populism or “new” nationalism.
Calculating individualized risk components using a mobile app-based risk calculator for clinical high risk of psychosis: findings from ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) program
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Xu LiHua , Li HuiJun , Woodberry Kristen A. , Kline Emily R. , Jiang Jian , Cui HuiRu , Tang YingYing , Tang XiaoChen , Wei YanYan , Hui Li , Lu Zheng , Cao LiPing , Li ChunBo , Niznikiewicz Margaret A. , Shenton Martha E. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Stone William S. , Wang JiJun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundOnly 30% or fewer of individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) convert to full psychosis within 2 years. Efforts are thus underway to refine risk identification strategies to increase their predictive power. Our objective was to develop and validate the predictive accuracy and individualized risk components of a mobile app-based psychosis risk calculator (RC) in a CHR sample from the SHARP (ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis) program.MethodIn total, 400 CHR individuals were identified by the Chinese version of the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. In the first phase of 300 CHR individuals, 196 subjects (65.3%) who completed neurocognitive assessments and had at least a 2-year follow-up assessment were included in the construction of an RC for psychosis. In the second phase of the SHARP sample of 100 subjects, 93 with data integrity were included to validate the performance of the SHARP-RC.ResultsThe SHARP-RC showed good discrimination of subsequent transition to psychosis with an AUC of 0.78 (p < 0.001). The individualized risk generated by the SHARP-RC provided a solid estimation of conversion in the independent validation sample, with an AUC of 0.80 (p = 0.003). A risk estimate of 20% or higher had excellent sensitivity (84%) and moderate specificity (63%) for the prediction of psychosis. The relative contribution of individual risk components can be simultaneously generated. The mobile app-based SHARP-RC was developed as a convenient tool for individualized psychosis risk appraisal.ConclusionsThe SHARP-RC provides a practical tool not only for assessing the probability that an individual at CHR will develop full psychosis, but also personal risk components that might be targeted in early intervention.
What makes tree poachers give up? A case study of forestry law enforcement in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Lanying , Chen Shiang-Fan 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMany previous studies argue that harsher forestry legislation should be enforced to handle the problem of tree poaching. However, empirical studies on the behavioural analysis of poachers’ decision making is largely lacking. Drawing from conversations with 65 inmates imprisoned for Forestry Act offences in Taiwan, we discuss the reasons behind the intention whether or not to stop tree poaching. The majority (81.5%) of the sample expressed their intention to stop tree poaching. Among the 16 demographic, offence and punishment characteristics, we identified only four variables to be included in the final logistic regression model to predict the decision to stop. We found that (1) having no previous experience of stout camphor tree (Cinnamomum kanehirae) theft, taking a log from a stout camphor tree and selling it to buyers; or (2) higher level of education could predict a greater likelihood of intending to quit. Given the limitation of the existing control approach, we propose a restorative justice approach to the poaching problem. A restorative justice approach, instead of focusing solely on the violation of law, recognizes the harm done and forms collaborative work to repair the harm and prevent future wrongdoings. It also helps break the vicious cycle of a poaching subculture.
Probing Compositional Order in Atomic Columns: STEM Simulations Beyond the Virtual Crystal Approximation
Authors: Blom Douglas A. , Vogt Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTaking advantage of recent advances in parallel computing, we studied compositional disorder along metal–oxygen atomic columns in a complex Mo,V-oxide bronze using multislice frozen-phonon calculations. Commonly, the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) is used to model compositional disorder at crystallographic sites in a unit cell for a number of different theoretical and experimental techniques. In the VCA, a weighted linear sum of atomic properties is used to approximate the model structure. When using the VCA, the extracted V content of Mo,V–O columns from experimental high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) images will be about half the V content estimated from simulations, considering the distinct cation ordering. This discrepancy is larger than the spread of HAADF signals of different configurational orders at a given V concentration, which can be up to 20%. Certain “isophilic” atomic arrangements along the column can be distinguished from more random ones using HAADF-STEM imaging. The trends and ratios of the simulated intensity spreads due to different compositional ordering along 11 M–O columns along the c-axis of the Mo,V oxide bronze qualitatively match those observed in experimental HAADF-STEM data. Instrumental and sample-based noise adds to the variability but does not significantly distort the relative ratios of column intensity variation. We observed that we only required seven random configurations to represent the intensity variations along columns.