bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the issue of security of land transfer from agricultural to industrial and transport use
Authors: Uskov V , Shariapova E , Pisareva N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present paper raises the questions that directly relate to the contemporary development of national economy of the Russian Federation. The main orientations of the strategic development of Russia are enshrined in Decrees of the President of Russia “On the Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2030” and “On Approving the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation”. Having analyzed the aforementioned documents, the authors came to a conclusion that the primary challenge for Russia’s economy today is the development of industrial and transport which is impossible without the expansion of a production areas. Growth of zones of manufacture entails the necessity to acquire supplementary areas, which often is carried out at the expense of agricultural lands. Rezoning of agricultural lands is regulated and strictly regimented by the legislation of the Russian federation. The paper describes an attempt to solve a conflict situation, which consists in the fact that agricultural lands are aimed at fulfilling a food program, while the food program demands the rezoning of lands including agricultural, which may lead to the decrease in production of agricultural goods. In the present paper, the authors make several proposals that will minimize security risks for national economy.
Investigation of improvement in stability and power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells fabricated by incorporating carbon nanostructures in device architecture
Authors: Subramanyam B V R S , Mahakul Prakash Chandra , Sa Kadambinee , Raiguru Jagatpati , Mahanandia Pitamber 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) along with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are synthesized using modest methods and their composites with the polymers PEDOT:PSS and P3HT are prepared using an easy solution method. An attractive improvement in the composites’ physical properties with wt% increase of the filler material is observed, encouraging their applications in the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs). Using the composites in appropriate layers of the device architecture, OSCs have been fabricated by spin coating, and the incorporation of filler CNTs and RGO has been observed to result in considerable improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all OSCs. To study the stability of the devices, the electrical properties of the OSCs have been periodically investigated in two different environments to understand the impact of both intrinsic and extrinsic degradation. The incorporation of filler carbon nanomaterials has been noticed to be successful in significantly prolonging the stability of the OSCs while maintaining the augmentation in PCE. For the best performing devices, the incorporation of CNTs and RGO has enhanced the PCE by 12.52% and 13.21% and improved the device lifetime by 37.31% and 43.23%, respectively, compared to the reference device. The results discussed in this report are greatly promising for the large scale consideration of a pioneering role of organic materials in numerous optoelectronic devices from a new and innovative perception assisted by the application of carbon-based nanomaterials.
Right atrial volume is a major determinant of tricuspid annulus area in functional tricuspid regurgitation: a three-dimensional echocardiographic study
Authors: Muraru Denisa , Addetia Karima , Guta Andrada C , Ochoa-Jimenez Roberto C , Genovese Davide , Veronesi Federico , Basso Cristina , Iliceto Sabino , Badano Luigi P , Lang Roberto M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study is to explore the relationships of tricuspid annulus area (TAA) with right atrial maximal volume (RAVmax) and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) in healthy subjects and patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) of different aetiologies and severities.

Methods and results
We enrolled 280 patients (median age 66 years, 59% women) with FTR due to left heart disease (LHD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), corrected tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), chronic atrial fibrillation (AF), and 210 healthy volunteers (45 years, 53% women). We measured TAA at mid-systole and end-diastole, tenting volume of tricuspid leaflets, RAVmax, and RVEDV by 3D echocardiography. Irrespective of TA measurement timing, TAA correlated more closely with RAVmax than with RVEDV in both controls and FTR patients. On multivariable analysis, RAVmax was the most important determinant of TAA, accounting for 41% (normals) and 56% (FTR) of TAA variance. In FTR patients, age, RVEDV, and left ventricular ejection fraction were also independently correlated with TAA. RAVmax (AUC = 0.81) and TAA (AUC = 0.78) had a greater ability than RVEDV (AUC = 0.72) to predict severe FTR (P &lt; 0.05). Among FTR patients, those with AF had the largest RAVmax and smallest RVEDV. RAVmax and TA were significantly dilated in all FTR groups, except in TOF. PH and TOF had largest RVEDV, yet tenting volume was increased only in PH and LHD.

Conclusion
RA volume is a major determinant of TAA, and RA enlargement is an important mechanism of TA dilation in FTR irrespective of cardiac rhythm and RV loading conditions.
Greater Social Engagement and Greater Gray Matter Microstructural Integrity in Brain Regions Relevant to Dementia
Authors: Felix Cynthia , Rosano Caterina , Zhu Xiaonan , Flatt Jason D , Rosso Andrea L 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveSocial engagement (SE) may protect against cognitive decline in older adults. We estimate associations of SE with gray matter (GM) microstructure in regions of interest (ROI) relevant to social cognition, among community-dwelling older adults.MethodCross-sectional analysis of 293 Health ABC study participants who underwent 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor and free from cognitive impairment was conducted. Linear regression models tested associations between SE index (marital status, not living alone, social activities, work, and volunteering) and mean diffusivity (MD) of GM ROIs, adjusted for age, race, gender, and education. Hearing and activities of daily living (ADL) difficulties were tested as confounders. Effect modification by gender was tested with interaction terms and stratification by gender.ResultsHigher SE was significantly related to lower MD (greater GM microstructural integrity) (shown as standardized estimate [p-value]) in left middle frontal gyrus-orbital part: −.168 (.005), left caudate nucleus: −.141 (.02), left temporal pole-middle temporal gyrus: −.136 (.03), right middle frontal gyrus: −.160 (.006), right superior frontal gyrus-orbital part: −.187 (.002), and right middle frontal gyrus-orbital part: −.124 (.04), when adjusted for demographic attributes. Associations were robust to adjustments for hearing or ADL difficulty. There was significant effect modification by gender for some ROIs, with associations only for females.DiscussionSE is related to greater microstructural integrity of specific GM regions relevant to social cognition, that have described roles in dementia. SE may therefore be a useful preventive mechanism against loss of GM integrity in older adults.
Trends in Bacteremia Over 2 Decades in the Top End of the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Douglas Nicholas M , Hennessy Jann N , Currie Bart J , Baird Rob W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Information on the local distribution of bloodstream pathogens helps to guide empiric antibiotic selection and can generate hypotheses regarding the effectiveness of infection prevention practices. We assessed trends in bacterial blood culture isolates at Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH) in the Northern Territory of Australia between 1999 and 2019.

Methods
Species identification was extracted for all blood cultures first registered at RDH. Thirteen organisms were selected for focused analysis. Trends were examined graphically and using univariable linear regression.

Results
Between 1999 and 2019, 189 577 blood cultures from 65 276 patients were processed at RDH. Overall, 6.72% (12 747/189 577) of blood cultures contained a bacterial pathogen. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common cause of bacteremia during the first decade, with an estimated incidence of 96.6 episodes per 100 000 person-years (py; 95% CI, 72.2–121/100 000 py) in 1999. Since 2009, S. aureus bacteremia has declined markedly, whereas there has been an inexorable rise in Escherichia coli bacteremia (30.1 to 74.7/100 000 py between 1999 and 2019; P &lt; .001), particularly in older adults. Since 2017, E. coli has been more common than S. aureus. Rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia have reduced dramatically in children, while Burkholderia pseudomallei remained the fourth most common bloodstream isolate overall.

Conclusions
The incidence of S. aureus bacteremia, though high by international standards, is declining at RDH, possibly in part due to a sustained focus on both community and hospital infection prevention practices. Gram-negative bacteremia, particularly due to E. coli, is becoming more common, and the trend will likely continue given our aging population.
Impact of C-Reactive Protein Levels on Differentiating of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome From Japanese Spotted Fever
Authors: Kawaguchi Takeshi , Umekita Kunihiko , Yamanaka Atsushi , Hara Seiichiro , Yamaguchi Tetsuro , Inoue Eisuke , Okayama Akihiko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral hemorrhagic fever in China, Korea, and Japan. Japanese spotted fever (JSF), which belongs to spotted fever group rickettsioses, is also endemic to Western Japan. Patients with SFTS and those with JSF display many of the same clinical manifestations. Sudden fever, rash, tick bite, and neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms may be seen in both infections, but the frequency and severity of each disease have not been compared and studied. Because laboratory confirmation of pathogens takes time, it is important to predict diagnosis of SFTS vs JSF based on the features of the clinical characteristics at the initial presentation, particularly in primary care settings.

Methods
We conducted a case series review at 4 medical facilities in Miyazaki, Japan. Based on the medical records, clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between patients with SFTS and those with JSF.

Results
Eighty-one patients were enrolled in this study, including 41 with SFTS and 40 with JSF. The absence of rash (P &lt; .001), leukopenia (P &lt; .001), and normal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P &lt; .001) were the variables distinguishing SFTS from JSF. Normal CRP levels (≤1.0 mg/dL) had a 95% sensitivity (84%–99%) and 97% specificity (87%–100%) for SFTS, with a positive likelihood ratio of 37.1 (5.35–257).

Conclusions
Normal serum CRP levels were shown to differentiate SFTS from JSF with a very high probability.
Dynamic mechanical analysis in materials science: The Novice’s Tale
Authors: Patra Sudeshna , Ajayan Pulickel M , Narayanan Tharangattu N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There are a few useful textbooks and online materials available on dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) but no short and succinct article that will be useful for a beginner. Here we are providing a brief introductory overview of DMA, followed by details of the different types of measurements possible with a typical DMA instrument. Some of the important measures needing to be taken in these analyses are also summarized, along with the possibilities of designing new experiments with the help of a DMA instrument. Oscillatory stress/strain-assisted studies of two different types of membranes—a polymer membrane and a membrane which consists of assembled ultra-thin oxidized graphene flakes—are discussed at the end. These studies show the vast possibilities of DMA in understanding the different aspects of solids, such as their phase transitions, microstructure, damping, complex interactions in the composite matrix, and also about the mechanical modulus of the solid membrane. Hence this article discusses the new avenues for DMA in different fields and takes the reader from the fundamentals to its advanced applicability.
Unnecessary ultrasounds in children with undescended testes: An interrogation of the impact of the Choosing Wisely campaigns and clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Milford Karen , Pokarowski Martha , Chua Michael , Lorenzo Armando , Koyle Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesOver the past decade, clinical practice guidelines and educational campaigns have counselled against the use of routine ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of undescended testes (UDT). We aimed to establish whether or not there has been change in the proportion of children with UDT undergoing pre-referral US prior to referral to our centre over this period. We also sought to determine whether type of referring specialist, UDT diagnosis, and patient distance from the hospital had impacted the rate of pre-referral US.MethodsA select sample of hospital charts of children undergoing orchidopexy at a single tertiary paediatric urological referral centre between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed. Data regarding age at surgery, cryptorchidism diagnosis, type of referring physician, patient distance from institution, and evidence of US as part of diagnostic work-up were extracted.ResultsFive hundred charts were examined. Referring provider specialty impacted the number of US ordered (P=0.01). On subset analysis, paediatricians ordered fewer US for children with palpable UDT in 2014 (P=0.03). In 2018, community urologists ordered no US (P=0.02). These findings had temporal relationships with guideline release. The proportion of children undergoing US each year remained consistently between 50% and 62%, except in 2014, when only 36% had US. Distance from hospital and UDT diagnosis were of no significance.ConclusionDespite clinical practice guidelines and Choosing Wisely campaign recommendations, significant numbers of children with UDT still undergo US. Transient changes in sub-specialty guideline adherence are observed. Strategies to improve sustained guideline awareness in referring clinicians need to be considered.
Molecular and morphological assessment of tropical sponges in the subfamily Phyllospongiinae, with the descriptions of two new species
Authors: Abdul Wahab Muhammad Azmi , Wilson Nerida G , Prada Diana , Gomez Oliver , Fromont Jane 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSponges in the subfamily Phyllospongiinae are important components of coral reefs. However, significant taxonomic inconsistencies exist in this group due to the lack of useful morphological characters for species delineation. This study assesses the systematics of some common phyllospongiinids in the genera Carteriospongia, Phyllospongia and Strepsichordaia from tropical Australia and the Red Sea, by using a multigene approach that utilizes the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2, the complete ribosomal 18S rRNA and three 28s rRNA gene regions (D1‒D2, D3‒D5 and D6‒D8), which produced a phylogenetic framework in which complementary morphological taxonomic assessments were performed. Type specimens were included, where available, and six species clades were recovered, including the well-established Phyllospongia papyracea and Strepsichordaia lendenfeldi. Carteriospongia foliascens, the type species for the genus Carteriospongia, is transferred to the genus Phyllospongia, resulting in Carteriospongia becoming a synonym of Phyllospongia. Consequently, Carteriospongia flabellifera is removed from Carteriospongia and is reinstated to its original designation of Polyfibrospongia flabellifera. Two new species, Phyllospongia bergquistae sp. nov. and Polyfibrospongia kulit sp. nov., are described. With phyllospongiinid sponges increasingly used as models for assessing the effects of climate change and anthropogenic stressors, this study provides a reliable systematics framework for the accurate identification of common phyllospongiinids across the Indo-Pacific.
Complete Genome Sequence Data of Nonpathogenic Strain Rhizobium vitis VAR03-1, a Biological Control Agent for Grapevine Crown Gall Disease
Authors: Noutoshi Yoshiteru , Toyoda Atsushi , Ishii Tomoya , Saito Kirara , Watanabe Megumi , Kawaguchi Akira 
Published: October 2020

Crown gall disease in grapevine is caused by pathogenic strains of Rhizobium vitis with a tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids. A nonpathogenic strain, VAR03-1 of R. vitis, has been isolated from the grapevine root of nursery stock and it was shown to act as a biological control agent to crown gall disease. Its disease-suppressive effect was observed even when it was coinoculated with the pathogen in a 1:1 ratio. Here, we present the complete genome data of R. vitis VAR03-1, assembled by sequencing reads obtained by both PacBio and Illumina technologies with annotation. This genome sequence could contribute to investigations of the molecular basis underlying the biocontrol activity as well as the root-colonization ability of this bacterial strain. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Radiographic Evaluation of Cervical Disk Replacement
Authors: McCarthy Michael H. , Louie Philip K. , York Philip J. , Othman Yahya A. , Vaishnav Avani S. , Sato Kosuke , Lee Ryan , Huang Russel C. , Albert Todd J. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. 
Published: October 2020

Study Design:
This was a retrospective review.

Objective:
Provide a validated method of radiographic evaluation of cervical disk replacement (CDR) patients linked to outcomes.

Summary of Background Data:
Preoperative radiographic criteria for CDRs and the impact of intraoperative positioning remain without formalized guidelines. The association between preexisting degenerative changes, optimal implant positioning, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are not well understood. Our study establishes a systematic radiographic evaluation of preoperative spondylosis, implant placement, and associated clinical outcomes.

Methods:
Preoperative radiographs for CDR patients were evaluated for disk height, facet arthrosis, and uncovertebral joint degeneration. Postoperative radiographs were scored based on the position of the CDR implant on anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral radiographs. PROMs including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) arm pain, VAS neck pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Short Form 12 physical health (SF12-PCS) and mental health (SF12-M) were collected preoperatively, at early follow, and at late follow-up.

Results:
A total of 115 patients were included. Preoperative disk height had the highest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.798). Facet arthrosis had the lowest intraclass correlation coefficient at 0.563. Preoperative disk height scores showed a significant correlation with AP radiographs and implant positioning score. Patients with more advanced uncovertebral degenerative changes showed less improvement 6 months postoperatively, based on SF-12 PCS scores (R
2=0.446, P=0.025). Postoperative implant position on lateral radiograph showed a significant correlation with SF-12 MCS scores at follow-up beyond 6 months (R
2=0.385, P=0.011). Overall postoperative implant position scores demonstrated significant correlation with SF-12 PCS (R
2=0.350, P=0.046) scores.

Conclusion:
This study provides a systematic method of evaluation of preoperative and intraoperative radiographs that can optimize outcomes. On the basis of our study, spine surgeons performing cervical disk replacement surgery should consider: (a) the presence of preexisting uncovertebral joint degeneration can negatively impact outcomes, (b) achieving optimal implant positioning can be increasingly difficult with more severe loss of disk height, and (c) overall implant position as judged on AP and lateral fluoroscopy can impact outcomes.
Severity-Adjusted ICU Mortality Only Tells Half the Truth—The Impact of Treatment Limitation in a Nationwide Database
Authors: Kaufmann Mark , Perren Andreas , Cerutti Bernard , Dysli Christine , Rothen Hans Ulrich ,   on behalf of the Swiss Society of Intensive Care Medicine
Published: October 2020

Objectives:The influence of different forms of treatment limitation on mortality rate in the ICU is not known despite the common use of the latter as a quality indicator. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of treatment limitation and its influence on ICU mortality rate. Primary outcomes were prevalence of treatment limitation and its influence on severity-adjusted ICU mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included the association of limitation with age, sex, type of admission, diagnostic group, treatment intensity, and length of ICU stay.Design:Retrospective, observational study.Setting:All Swiss adult ICUs.Interventions:None.Patients:A total of 166,764 patients were admitted to an ICU in 2016 and 2017. Of these, 9139 were excluded because of readmission or invalid coding.Measurements and Main Results:Of 157,625 ICU patients, 20,916 (13.3%) had a fully defined treatment limitation. Among this group, treatment limitation was defined upon ICU admission in 12,854 (61%), the decision to limit treatment was based on the patient’s advance directives in 9,951 (48%), and in 15,341 (73%), there was a decision to deliberately withhold certain treatment modalities. The mortality odds ratio for the group with a treatment limitation, considering relevant cofactors, was 18.1 (95% CI 16.8–19.4).Conclusions:Every seventh patient in a Swiss ICU has some kind of treatment limitation, and this most probably affects the severity-adjusted mortality rate. Thus, mortality data as a quality indicator or benchmark in intensive care can only meaningfully be interpreted if existence, grade, cause, and time of treatment limitation are taken into account.
Fondaparinux Use in Patients With COVID-19: A Preliminary Multicenter Real-World Experience
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Cardillo Giuseppe , Viggiano Giuseppe Vito , Mangiacapra Sara , Cavalli Antonella , Fontanella Andrea , Agrusta Federica , Bellizzi Annamaria , Amitrano Maria , Iannuzzo Mariateresa , Sacco Chiara , Lodigiani Corrado , Di Micco Pierpaolo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
The use of heparin has been shown to decrease the mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical impact of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis with fondaparinux versus enoxaparin among 100 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The incidence of pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, major bleeding (MB), clinically relevant non-MB, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in-hospital mortality was compared between patients on fondaparinux versus enoxaparin therapy. The 2 groups were homogeneous for demographic, laboratory, and clinical characteristics. In a median follow-up of 28 (IQR: 12–45) days, no statistically significant difference in venous thromboembolism (14.5% vs. 5.3%; P = 0.20), MB and clinically relevant non-MB (3.2% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.76), ARDS (17.7% vs. 15.8%; P = 0.83), and in-hospital mortality (9.7% vs. 10.5%; P = 0.97) has been shown between the enoxaparin group versus the fondaparinux group. Our preliminary results support the hypothesis of a safe and effective use of fondaparinux among patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in internal medicine units.