bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of isotopic boron (11B) for the fabrication of low activation Mg11B2 superconductor for next generation fusion magnets
Authors: Jie Hyunseock , Luzin Vladimir , Zaman Mukter , Valiyaparambil Abdulsalam Anvar , Chae Keun Hwa , Choi Hyung‐il , Levchenko Vladimir , Nijhuis Arend , Kim Jung H. , Mustapić Mislav , Dou Shi Xue , Yamauchi Yusuke , Khan Aslam , Shahriar A. Hossain Md. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we analyze the properties of boron isotope (11B)‐rich powders from three different sources, that is, American, Cambridge, and Pavezyum, to fabricate the bulk Mg11B2 superconductors and evaluate their superconducting properties. While 11B‐rich powder is an essential precursor to fabricate Mg11B2 superconductors for fusion magnet applications, the properties of the 11B powder turned out to be critical to determine the quality of the final superconducting product. Therefore, appropriate control of processing conditions is needed to comply with the requirements of the nuclear fusion application. Analysis of the B isotope ratio by accelerator mass spectroscopy and neutron transmission revealed that all three types of powder are enriched with 11B to better than 99 at % quality. In addition, Pavezyum's 11B shows the lowest crystallinity and smallest crystalline domain size as evidenced by the high‐resolution X‐ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical states of the boron isotope investigated with near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy also reveals that Pavezyum boron has amorphous structure. Mg11B2 bulks and multi‐filamentary (12‐filament) wires have been manufactured, sintered at different temperatures and characterized via the transport critical current density. The wire with Pavezyum 11B shows three times higher current carrying capacity at a particular magnetic field compared to the wire using Cambridge 11B and hence, Pavezyum 11B boron has the potential for manufacturing fusion grade Mg11B2 based magnets. The results of this study demonstrated that Boron powders with higher purity, smaller grain size and lower crystallinity are critical for improving the superconducting and electronic properties of Mg11B2 samples fabricated from the powder. Thus, the low‐neutron‐activation Mg11B2 is possibly an affordable and technically viable candidate to replace NbTi superconductors in the low field poloidal field and correction coils for the next‐generation fusion reactors.
Broadband near‐infrared emission enhancement in K2Ga2Sn6O16:Cr3+phosphor by electron‐lattice coupling regulation
Authors: Lai Jun'an , Shen Weihui , Qiu Jianbei , Zhou Dacheng , Long Zhangwen , Yang Yong , Zhang Ke , Khan Imran , Wang Qi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCr3+‐doped phosphors have recently gained attention for their application in broadband near‐infrared phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs), but generally exhibit low efficiency. In this work, K2Ga2Sn6O16:Cr3+(KGSO:Cr) phosphor was designed and synthesized. The experimental results show that the Cr3+‐doped phosphor exhibited broadband emissivity in the range 650‐1300 nm, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 220‐230 nm excited by a wavelength of 450 nm. With the co‐doping of Gd3+ions, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the KGSO:Cr phosphor increased from 34% to 48%. The Gd3+ions acted neither as activators nor sensitizers, but to justify the crystal field environment for efficient Cr3+ions broad emission. The Huang‐Rhys factor decreased as the co‐doping of Gd3+ions increased, demonstrating that the nonradiative transitions were suppressed. An efficient strategy for enhancing the luminescence properties of Cr3+ions is proposed for the first time. The Gd3+–co‐doped KGSO:Cr phosphor is a promising candidate for broadband NIR pc‐LEDs.
Calcitriol enhances Doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells via regulating VDR/PTPN2/p‐STAT3 pathway
Authors: Zhang Ting , He Liang , Wang Zhihong , Dong Wenwu , Sun Wei , Qin Yuan , Zhang Ping , Zhang Hao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency is the risk factor for multiple diseases, such as immune disorder, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Calcitriol is the active form of vitamin D with beneficial effects on anti‐cancer by binding vitamin D receptor (VDR). The primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of Calcitriol on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and explore the possible mechanism. We found nuclear VDR expression in PTC samples was negatively correlated with STAT3 hyperphosphorylation that indicated worse PTC clinicopathologic characteristics. Calcitriol treatment up‐regulated VDR and protein tyrosine phosphatase N 2 (PTPN2) expression, down‐regulated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3) phosphorylation and thereby facilitating chemotherapy drug Doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis in PTC cell lines. However, the apoptosis‐promoting effect of Calcitriol and Doxorubicin co‐treatment was abrogated by STAT3 hyperphosphorylation, indicating suppression of STAT3 phosphorylation was essential for combined treatment of Calcitriol and Doxorubicin in PTC. Together, these results suggested that Calcitriol reinforced the sensitivity of PTC cells to Doxorubicin by regulating VDR/PTPN2/p‐STAT3 signalling pathway.
Metabolic reprogramming‐associated genes predict overall survival for rectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhong‐Yi , Yao Qing‐Zhi , Liu Hui‐Yong , Guo Qiao‐Nan , Qiu Peng‐Jun , Chen Jian‐Peng , Lin Jian‐Qing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming has become a hot topic recently in the regulation of tumour biology. Although hundreds of altered metabolic genes have been reported to be associated with tumour development and progression, the important prognostic role of these metabolic genes remains unknown. We downloaded messenger RNA expression profiles and clinicopathological data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database to uncover the prognostic role of these metabolic genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis and lasso Cox regression model were utilized in this study to screen prognostic associated metabolic genes. Patients with high‐risk demonstrated significantly poorer survival outcomes than patients with low‐risk in the TCGA database. Also, patients with high‐risk still showed significantly poorer survival outcomes than patients with low‐risk in the GEO database. What is more, gene set enrichment analyses were performed in this study to uncover significantly enriched GO terms and pathways in order to help identify potential underlying mechanisms. Our study identified some survival‐related metabolic genes for rectal cancer prognosis prediction. These genes might play essential roles in the regulation of metabolic microenvironment and in providing significant potential biomarkers in metabolic treatment.
Medication administration in Australian residential aged care: A time‐and‐motion study
Authors: Chen Esa Y. H. , Bell J. Simon , Ilomäki Jenni , Corlis Megan , Hogan Michelle E. , Caporale Tessa , Van Emden Jan , Westbrook Johanna I. , Hilmer Sarah N. , Sluggett Janet K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRationale/aimMedication administration is a complex and time‐consuming task in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). Understanding the time associated with each administration step may help identify opportunities to optimize medication management in RACFs. This study aimed to investigate the time taken to administer medications to residents, including those with complex care needs such as cognitive impairment and swallowing difficulties.MethodA time‐and‐motion study was conducted in three South Australian RACFs. A representative sample of 57 scheduled medication administration rounds in 14 units were observed by a single investigator. The rounds were sampled to include different times of day, memory support units for residents living with dementia and standard units, and medication administration by registered and enrolled nurses. Medications were administered from pre‐prepared medication strip packaging. The validated Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT) software was used to record observations.ResultsThirty nurses were observed. The average time spent on scheduled medication administration rounds was 5.2 h/unit of average 22 residents/day. The breakfast medication round had the longest duration (1.92 h/unit). Resident preparation, medication preparation and provision, documentation, transit, communication, and cleaning took an average of 5 minutes per resident per round. Medication preparation and provision comprised 60% of overall medication round time and took significantly longer in memory support than in standard units (66 vs 49 seconds per resident per round for preparation, 79 vs 58 for provision; P < .001 for both). Almost half (42%) of tablets/capsules were crushed in memory support units. The time taken for medication administration was not significantly different among registered and enrolled nurses.ConclusionsNurses took an average of 5 minutes to administer medications per resident per medication round. Medication administration in memory support units took an additional minute per resident per round, with almost half of tablets and capsules needing to be crushed.
Preference for saline water of an amphidromous goby maintained during migration to upstream freshwater areas
Authors: Oto Yumeki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to reveal the salinity preference of juveniles of an amphidromous goby, Sumi‐ukigori Gymnogobius petschiliensis, while migrating to a freshwater area. Salinity choice experiments revealed that juveniles of this species significantly prefer brackish water (salinity 20) to freshwater (salinity 0) when acclimated to a salinity of 20 in advance. Additional experiments revealed no preference between brackish water and seawater (salinity 35). Since body size was not correlated with the strength of preference for brackish water, and adults of this species are also known to prefer brackish water at a salinity of 20 to freshwater, the preference for saline water may be consistent after migration to a freshwater area. Considering that juvenile G. petschiliensis would often migrate to freshwater areas just after entering streams, the migration should be against its salinity preference. This directly contrasts with other diadromous species, which prefer the salinity of destination areas during and after migration. Adult and juvenile G. petschiliensis may take advantage of high euryhalinity to choose habitats where such ecological costs, such as high predation risk and interspecific competition, are low (i.e., freshwater areas).
Quality of soybean cultivars in the drying and storage processes in real scale and experimental
Authors: Coradi Paulo C. , Müller Amanda , Souza Guilherme A. C. , Steinhaus Jontas I. , Wagner Roger 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of RR and RR2 soybean cultivars submitted to different drying temperatures and storage conditions in real scale and experimental. In the real scale, the soybean lots evaluated were divided into: dry soybeans (RR and RR2), dry soybeans in the cooperative's drying unit (80, 100, and 120°C), and moist soybean grains, without distinction of the cultivars. The batches of dried grains were subjected to storage for a period of 2 months. In laboratory experiment, after drying (35, 45, and 45°C), the soybean samples were stored in cold rooms under controlled temperature conditions (10 and 20°C) and evaluated in storage periods of 0, 30 and 60 days. It was concluded that the anticipated harvest of soybean lots submitted to artificial drying obtained better quality results. The conditions applied in drying and storage infers the physicochemical quality of the grains according to the type of soybean cultivar. The drying of soybean lots at 35°C and stored at 10°C temperature conditions obtained better physicochemical quality. The soybean lots of RR cultivar maintained higher levels of protein and lipids after drying and storage processes.Practical applicationsAdopting more suitable drying and storage conditions for soybean cultivars processed in storage units facilitates the management of grain mass throughout the processes, reducing quanti‐qualitative grain losses and postharvest grain flow logistic problems.
Trio housing of adult male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): Methodology and outcome predictors
Authors: Ruhde Allison A. , Baker Kate C. , Russell‐Lodrigue Kasi E. , Blanchard James L. , Bohm Rudolf P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the feasibility of trio housing caged adult male rhesus macaques and attempted to identify outcome predictors for trio housing formation and its intermediary introduction steps.MethodsSubjects were familiarized consecutively to each potential group member via protected contact prior to introduction into the trio. Seven trios were attempted, involving 18 males, with three males attempted in two different trios.ResultsOne group was deemed successful, with a tenure of 51 days. Five were disbanded within minutes, and one was deemed unsuccessful the following morning. Two males sustained wounds requiring veterinary care over the course of the study. Outcome of the protected contact phase was predicted by age and temperament disparities as well as initial behavior.ConclusionsWhile outcomes were poor, it suggests that attempts can be made relatively safely, and alternative introduction strategies should be explored to increase the feasibility of trio housing for adult males.
Ontogeny and homology of cranial bones associated with lateral‐line canals of the Senegal Bichir,Polypterus senegalus(Actinopterygii: Cladistii: Polypteriformes), with a discussion on the formation of lateral‐line canal bones in fishes
Authors: Rizzato Pedro P. , Pospisilova Anna , Hilton Eric J. , Bockmann Flávio A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe association between lateral‐line canals and skull bones in fishes has been the subject of several studies and raised a series of controversies, particularly with regard to the hypothesized role of lateral‐line organs (i.e. neuromasts) in osteogenesis and the consequences for hypotheses of homology of the bones associated with lateral‐line canals. Polypteridae, a group of freshwater fishes that occupies a key phylogenetic position as the most basal extant lineage of ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii), provides an interesting model for the study of the relationships between lateral‐line canals and skull bones. We describe the development of bones associated with lateral‐line canals in the Senegal Bichir,Polypterus senegalus, and use these data to re‐address previous hypotheses of homology of skull bones of polypterids. We demonstrate that the lateral‐line canals constitute a separate component of the dermatocranium that may interact with a membranodermal component, thereby forming compound bones in the adult. Differences in the interactions between these components determine the characteristics of the development of each independent bone in the skull of adultP. senegalus. Our results shed light on long‐standing controversies about the identity of skull bones such as the rostral, preopercle, and sphenotic in Polypteridae, and suggest the presence of an ancestral two‐component pattern of formation of bones associated with lateral‐line canals in bony fishes. These findings reveal the need to re‐address previous hypotheses of homology of bones associated with lateral‐line canals in different groups of bony fishes, especially fossil taxa.
Motivation crowding‐out and green‐paradox‐like outcomes
Authors: Marsiglio Simone , Tolotti Marco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe analyze the effectiveness of environmental policy in a framework in which households’ utility is determined by both private and social components, representing their extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to undertake green actions, respectively. Environmental policy, in the form of a subsidy aiming to incentivize the adoption of a green technology, on the one hand, directly increases households’ extrinsic motivation, while, on the other hand, indirectly decreases their intrinsic motivation. We show that, provided that the indirect effect dominates, the policy leads to crowding‐out of intrinsic motivation which ultimately undermines the effectiveness of the policy itself. Specifically, despite its positive effect on environmental outcomes in the short run, the policy will lead to a deterioration in long‐run environmental outcomes, giving rise to a reverse green‐paradox‐like outcome. Moreover, even in the case in which the direct effect dominates, provided that the indirect effect is large enough, the policy will generate a deterioration in short‐run environmental outcomes. These results clearly suggest that the optimal design of environmental policy is particularly complicated since it requires to take into account also its effects on intrinsic motivation.
Pathogenicity of Epicoccum sorghinum towards dragon fruits (Hylocereus species) and in vitro evaluation of chemicals with antifungal activity
Authors: Taguiam John Darby , Evallo Edzel , Bengoa Jennelyn , Maghirang Rodel , Balendres Mark Angelo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecent reports of plant diseases that result in yield reduction and increasing demand for dragon fruits raise concerns of fruit supply shortage. Emerging plant diseases may play an important role in increasing yield losses and reducing the availability of stem cuttings (source of planting materials). Understanding the aetiology of current and new diseases of dragon fruit is important to address production issues and to formulate effective disease control measures. This study reports Epicoccum sorghinum as a potential emerging pathogen of dragon fruit. Epicoccum sorghinum MBDF0024a was isolated from dragon fruit stems (Hylocereus monacanthus) showing brown spot symptoms. DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS‐rDNA), beta tubulin and actin gene regions of fungal isolate MBDF0024a had high similarities to E. sorghinum stains. Epicoccum sorghinum MBDF0024a was pathogenic to three cultivated dragon fruit species (Hylocereus undatus, H. monacanthus and H. megalanthus) in repeated laboratory and glasshouse trials. Large brown lesions developed on 3‐week‐old inoculated rooted stem cuttings 3 days postinoculation (dpi). Yellowing of the lesion (advance part) started at five dpi, and at seven dpi, yellowing was observed in the stem. As there are no reported control measures for diseases caused by E. sorghinum, this study screened chemicals with antifungal properties. A biopesticide containing B. subtilis (2 ml/400 ml), and chemicals isoprothiolane (2.25 ml/400 ml), mancozeb (2 g/400 ml) and pyraclostrobin (1 ml/400 ml) (chemical control) completely inhibited the in vitro growth of E. sorghinum MBDF0024a. The results establish E. sorghinum as a new and emerging pathogen of dragon fruit that could be a major yield‐limiting disease if left uncontrolled. The biopesticide can be considered a fairly safe option for disease management, but glasshouse and field studies are needed for validation.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between a Chinese herbal formula Huosu Yangwei oral liquid and apatinib in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Fang Sheng-Quan , Huang Jian , Zhang Feng , Ni Hong-Mei , Chen Qi-Long , Zhu Jun-Ran , Fu Zhi-Chao , Zhu Liang , Hao Wei-Wei , Ge Guang-Bo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Huosu Yangwei oral liquid (HSYW) on cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and to investigate whether this herbal medicine could modulate the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the co-administered CYP-substrate drug apatinib.

Methods
Cytochrome P450 enzymes inhibition assays were conducted in human liver microsomes (HLM) by a LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of the oxidative metabolites of eight probe substrates for hepatic CYPs. The modulatory effects of HSYW on the oxidative metabolism of apatinib were investigated in both HLM and rat liver microsomes (RLM). The influences of HSYW on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of apatinib were investigated in rats.

Key findings
Huosu Yangwei oral liquid inhibited all tested CYPs in human liver preparations, with the IC50 values ranged from 0.3148 to 2.642 mg/ml. HSYW could also inhibit the formation of two major oxidative metabolites of apatinib in liver microsomes from both human and rat. In-vivo assays demonstrated that HSYW could significantly prolong the plasma half-life of apatinib by 7.4-fold and increase the AUC0–inf (nm·h) of apatinib by 43%, when HSYW (10 ml/kg) was co-administered with apatinib (10 mg/kg) in rats.

Conclusions
Huosu Yangwei oral liquid could inhibit mammalian CYPs and modulated the metabolic half-life of apatinib both in vitro and in vivo.
Influential neighbours: Seeds of dominant species affect the germination of common grassland species
Authors: Fenesi Annamária , Kelemen Kinga , Sándor Dorottya , Ruprecht Eszter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuestionsGermination is a prerequisite of successful establishment in plant communities and is influenced by many factors. Therefore, seeds are under strong selective pressure to sense and integrate information about their environment and modulate germination based on it. In this study, we focus on interspecific seed–seed interactions under optimal and suboptimal conditions to test three hypotheses: (H1) dominant species’ seeds and emerging seedlings are most likely to be recognised by neighbouring seeds and exert a significant effect on the germination of common subordinate species; (H2) taxonomically related species are expected to exert stronger influence than unrelated species on the germination of neighbouring seeds; and (H3) facilitative interactions are more likely to occur under suboptimal conditions (drought stress) in the seed–seed interactions.LocationSemi‐dry temperate grassland belonging to the Festuco‐Brometea class, Cluj‐Napoca, Romania.MethodsWe assessed the rate and speed of germination of three common subordinate Asteraceae species (target species) in a controlled germination experiment. The target species’ seeds were sown in combination with low and high densities of neighbour species: two dominant Poaceae species, two subordinate Asteraceae species and two subordinate Apiaceae species; under optimal or drought conditions.ResultsUnder optimal water conditions, particularly the seeds of the two dominant Poaceae species affected the germination of target species. Under drought stress, almost all neighbouring species altered the germination of two of the target species, enhancing or reducing their germination rate. Facilitation in seed–seed interactions was proved to be species‐specific rather than general under drought conditions.ConclusionsWe found evidence that the status in a plant community (dominant or subordinate), but not the taxonomic relatedness influences the outcome of seed–seed interactions during germination. Under drought stress, the persistent competitive effect of the dominant species might considerably hinder the recruitment of subordinate grassland species.