bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic operators for the translationally-invariant many-body problem
Authors: Caprio Mark A , McCoy Anna E , Fasano Patrick J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The need to enforce fermionic antisymmetry in the nuclear many-body problem commonly requires use of single-particle coordinates, defined relative to some fixed origin. To obtain physical operators which nonetheless act on the nuclear many-body system in a Galilean-invariant fashion, thereby avoiding spurious center-of-mass contributions to observables, it is necessary to express these operators with respect to the translational intrinsic frame. Several commonly-encountered operators in nuclear many-body calculations, including the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole operators (in the impulse approximation) and generators of U(3) and

Sp

(

3
,
R

)

symmetry groups, are bilinear in the coordinates and momenta of the nucleons and, when expressed in intrinsic form, become two-body operators. To work with such operators in a second-quantized many-body calculation, it is necessary to relate three distinct forms: the defining intrinsic-frame expression, an explicitly two-body expression in terms of two-particle relative coordinates, and a decomposition into one-body and separable two-body parts. We establish the relations between these forms, for general (non-scalar and non-isoscalar) operators bilinear in coordinates and momenta.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) to Detect Abnormality on CT Image of Liver
Authors: Wahyuni W S , Prajitno P , Soejoko D S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Liver cancer on CT-scan image has different shapes, locations and textures in every image. The contrast difference between abnormal and healthy liver is often indistinguishable, making it difficult to evaluate. Liver abnormalities are such as swelling, fibrosis, and the presence of benign or malignant tumor. The difference of low contrast with wide size on the image is easily known as abnormality, but it is very hard to evaluate for small mass and low contrast. In this research, CAD was conducted to help the evaluation on liver abnormality, especially abnormality in small size. The research method used was active contour-based segmentation method. The research data were secondary data, the abdomen image was produced from the modality of Computed Tomography Scanner (CT-Scan) in Regional Public Hospital of Cibinong, Bogor. The data collection techniques were through observation on the image data of abnormal liver from either liver cancer patients, normal liver patients, as well as patients of other diseases as diagnosed by the doctor. Meanwhile, the data was processed through feature extraction process using the texture analysis of Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) with machine learning of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to detect abnormality on image. The research stated that ANN can be used to categorize the images into normal and abnormal groups at 89% accuracy, 86% sensitivity, 92% specificity, 91% precision, and 10% overall error.
Prediction of excess volume in implementing the ABC system for breath-hold treatment: A preliminary study
Authors: Hoang A T , Jong W L , Ung N M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) is a clinical technique intended to reproduce organ position at the chest or abdominal region during radiotherapy sessions [1]. Active Breathing CoordinatorTM (ABC) is a system that is used for the implementation of DIBH which has shown to reduce heart dose in breast cancer radiotherapy [2]. Since the ABC system’s main function is motion control of the torso region, attempts were made to apply the system to other cancer cases such as lung, liver, lymphoma and pancreas, in which treatment margins are stricter than in breast cancer. Hence, an evaluation on the technical aspects of the ABC system is essential. Data collection on patients treated with the assistance of the ABC system at the University of Malaya Medical Centre have been carried out since September 2018. The volume at the start of breath-hold moment, the maximum volume in the breath-hold session, the time delay between those two moments, the discrepancy in volume between those two moments, and the air flow rate leading to the breath-hold moment were all extracted from the data. The distribution and correlation of these parameters were evaluated between different groups of nominal threshold volume. The performance of the ABC system was characterised based on the discrepancy between the nominal volume and the real volume (excess volume) of a breath-hold session. The correlation coefficient of multiple regression of excess volume on nominal volume, air flow rate and time delay were 0.760, 0.714, 0.688 in group of nominal volume of 1.2 L, 1.3 L, 1.4 L, respectively. The correlation coefficient of regression of excess volume on air flow rate were 0.883 in group of nominal volume of 2.0 L. The excess volume can potentially be predicted by the nominal volume, the air flow rate and the time delay. Further investigation on assessing these parameters separately and on how the excess volume affects the treatment outcome is needed.
Monte Carlo Investigation of the Depth-dose Profile of Proton Beams and Carbon Ions in Water, Skeletal Muscle, Adipose Tissue, and Cortical Bone for Hadron Therapy Applications
Authors: Pamisa D R , Convicto V , Lintasan A , Quiñones C T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, the depth-dose profile in water, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and cortical bone irradiated using incident beams of protons and carbon ions were simulated at different incident energies using the open source software GEANT4 version 10.3.2 via GATE v.8.0. The depth where the Bragg peaks of protons with incident energies of 75 MeV, 100 MeV, 130 MeV, 150 MeV, and 160 MeV in different materials were determined and the results were compared with the experimental data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database. The corresponding energy for incident carbon ion beam that yields the same Bragg peak position as the incident proton beams were also investigated. The depth-dose profile obtained using carbon ions show better dose conformation, but the presence of dose tail was observed. This suggests that further investigation of the RBE of the secondary fragments is necessary to understand their underlying impact to the carbon ion treatment in general.
Dose-volume Histograms Comparison From Two Different Beam Configurations In The Monte Carlo Simulation of 6MV Clinac2100 Using PRIMO Program
Authors: Bacala H , Peralta A , Nawang S , Bacala A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Monte Carlo (MC) method is widely considered to provide the most accurate dose distribution in external beam radiotherapy. A self-contained, full MC linac simulator and dose calculator, PRIMO is a windows-based, freely-distributed software which allows the importation of external compliant phase-space files among its many capabilities. Using PRIMO, a Varian Clinac2100 is simulated at 6 MV nominal energy for 108 number of histories. The dose calculations are compared using two different initial electron beam configurations. The tuned-beam profile has initial electron beam energy of 6.26 MeV, 0.150 MeV full-width-half-maximum (FWHM), 0.150 cm focal spot FWHM and 2 degrees beam divergence. The default configuration given in PRIMO has 5.40 MeV as initial electron beam energy and zero values for all the other beam parameters. A brain computerized tomography (CT) volume is imported into PRIMO and using its contouring tools, these structures are delineated: a hypothetical grosstumor volume (GTV), the brain, the left and right eye lens. The CT volume is irradiated with two parallel-opposed fields of size 10 cm by 10 cm with the brain conformed using the 52-leaf MLC. The dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the GTV and the brain for the tuned-beam profile has a larger extent into the high dose region compared to the DVHs of the default beam configuration. The dose given to 95% of the volume (D95) and the percentage of the volume receiving a dose equal to 95% (V95) are also compared. The GTV for the default beam profile has D95 = 86.31% with V95 = 0.44%, while for the tuned-beam profile, D95 = 88.30% with V95 = 0.95%. For the brain, D95 = 2.55% with V95 = 1.13% for the default profile while the tuned beam profile gives D95 = 2.43% with V95 = 2.33%. For the left [right] lens, D95 = 0.15% [D95 = 0.11%] for the default profile and D95 = 0.16% [D95 = 0.081%] for the tuned-beam profile. Both beam profiles give V95 = 0% for the left- and right- eye lens.
Computer-Aided Detection of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes using Simple Architectural Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Kurniawan E , Prajitno P , Soejoko D S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common and the deadliest cancer in the world. Lung cancer staging usually was done by radiologist by detecting mediastinal lymph node (LN) enlargement. Mediastinal LN is difficult to be detected visually due to its low contrast to the surrounding tissues, various size and shape, and sparse location. Therefore, computer-aided detection (CADe) system has been developed as a tool for radiologist to detect mediastinal LN automatically. The state of the art mediastinal LN CADe system use complex architectural convolutional neural network (CNN). However, more simple architecture of the CNN is needed to reduce the computational complexity of the CADe system, especially if the system was intended to be used in a regular computer. Therefore, in this experiment we used simple architectural 2D CNN which is converted to fully convolutional network (FCN) to detect mediastinal LN candidate in a stack of CT images. Then, the mediastinal LN candidates were classified using 3D CNN to reduce the false positive (FP). The best performance of this CADe system was 65% of sensitivity at 5 FP/patient.
Evaluation of Adaptive Planning of Lung Cases based on Cone Beam CT Images
Authors: Tarigan S.T. , Nainggolan A. , Fadli M. , Liura S. , Pawiro S.A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of dose calculation based on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) as adaptive planning for lung cancer. Dose calculation based on CBCT images was compared to Computed Tomography (CT) simulator images as references. Treatment planning was generated for 7 patients of lung using Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) technique and Volumetric Arc Therapy (VMAT) technique. Eclipse v13.6 Treatment Planning System (TPS) with Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and Acuros External Beam (AXB) algorithm were used to calculate the dose. This study was divided into three major parts: (1) Hounsfield Unit (HU) calibration for CBCT images by using CIRS 002LFC phantom; (2) analysis of Dose Volume Histogram (DVH); (3) analysis of Passing Rate Gamma with criteria Dose Difference (DD) 2%/Distance To Agreement (DTA) 2mm and DD 3%/DTA 3mm using Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID). The DVH analysis for D98%, D50% and D2% deviation was evaluated and compared to the DVH for CT images with AAA algorithm as reference. The deviation of D98%, D50% and D2% for lung cancer was less than 2%. The range of conformity index based on CBCT images for all planning was 0,923-0,999 and the homogeneity index was in the range of 0,042-0,197. The gamma criteria (DD/DTA) of dose difference and distance to agreement for 2%/2mm are 87% - 94% and for 3%/3mm were 96% -98% for IMRT techniques. Passing Rate Gamma for VMAT with 2%/2mm criteria were 87% -96% and 3%/3mm criteria were 96% - 98%. The results of this study showed that dose calculation based on CBCT image was similar to dose calculation using CT image with descrepancy less than 2%.
Evaluation of conformal radiotherapy treatment planning of breast cancer patients: Preliminary case study patients from Persahabatan Central Hospital
Authors: Sugiyantari  , Rofikoh  , Rafliansyah A , Soejoko D S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Persahabatan Central Hospital has served radiotherapy treatment for cancer patients using linac, Elekta Precise and XiO treatment planning system (TPS) since May 2017. This study collected 91 breast cancer patients treated from May 2017 until January 2019. Most patients were preceded by surgery either mammae radical mastectomy (MRM) (83.5%) or breast conservative surgery (BCS) (16.5%). Conformal treatment planning generally performed with 2 tangential fields and most included oblique fields for treating axillary lymph nodes. Percentage of patients with clinical tumor volumes >400 cm3 was 29%, in the range of 200-400 cm3 was 36%, and the rest was <200 cm3. The lung volume irradiated with dose ≥20 Gy was used as one of parameters for treatment optimization. The mrm patient number with lung volume irradiated >30% was 9 persons (11.8%), in the range of 20-30% was 65 persons (85.5%), and <20% was 2 persons (2.6%). For the bcs patients, the number followed these criteria with lung volume of 20-30% was 13 persons (86.7%), and <20% was 2 persons (13.3%). Most breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy were advanced stage preceded by mrm, treatment planning was difficult for achieving lung volume <30% that irradiated with the dose ≥20 Gy.
A Comparative Study of Dosimetric Characterization of Bolus Based on Natural Rubber (Hevea Brasiliensis) and Clinical Bolus for Therapy with Megavolt Electron Radiation
Authors: Aisyah S , Carina C C C , Nazara T , Sekartaji G , Nainggolan A , Endarko  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the dosimetry properties of the synthesized bolus material from natural rubber compared to clinical boluses (Play-Doh and Paraffin Wax), involving the values of relative electron density (RED), transmission factor value (TF), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), percentage surface dose (PSD), and curve of percentage depth dose. In this study, all boluses have dimensions of 11×11×0.5 cm3. Bolus density was measured and analyzed using a CT SCAN and treatment planning system. On the other side, the dosimetry test was performed using Linear Accelerator (LINAC) and detector plan parallel chamber (PPC-40) with an electron beam energy source (6, 9, 12 MeV). Relative electron density for natural rubber bolus, Play-Doh, and paraffin wax were obtained around 0.80, 0.91, and 0.79, respectively. These results indicate that the natural rubber bolus has close to the value of soft tissues such as the lung. Based on the calculation, the transmission factor and the mass attenuation coefficient of natural rubber have the best absorber properties achieved at 12 MeV energy with the results of 99.83% and 0.0045 cm2/g; this also occurred in the clinical boluses. The surface dose experienced an increase in each addition of energy as much as 8.73, 5.35, and 4.79% for energy sources 6, 9, and 12 MeV, respectively. Therefore it can be concluded that the bolus synthesized by natural rubber can be used as an alternative bolus alongside the clinical bolus in this study (paraffin wax and Play-Doh) in the treatment of superficial cancer using megavolt electron energy.
Effect of Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm Associated with Low Contrast Detectability Performance from CT Pulmonary Angiography Examinations
Authors: Harun H H , Karim M K A , Muhammad N A , Razak H R A , Sabarudin A , Muniandy S C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Iterative reconstruction (IR) in Computed Tomography (CT) scan examinations are known for noise reduction to achieve a higher level of diagnostic. This study aims to evaluate the radiation dose and image quality performance in different iterative reconstruction levels on CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) examination and to establish a figure of merit (FOM) between both parameters. Thirty adult patients who underwent CTPA examinations were retrospectively included in the present study. Scanning acquisition protocol and radiation dose information, together with patient habitus information, was collected and recorded. The vessel attenuation was measured in five consecutive areas surrounding the pulmonary artery for each iterative reconstruction image. Results of radiation dose were presented in terms of Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) obtained from CT-console and SSDE that was calculated by the AAPM report 204 recommendation method. Meanwhile, image quality was estimated by contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) on average from five consecutive areas of CNR. The mean values of CTDIvol and SSDE were 13.79 ± 7.72 mGy and 17.25 ± 8.92 mGy, respectively. The amount of CNR was significantly different within the iterative reconstruction level (p <0.001). There was a significant difference in the figure of merit for both CNR2/SSDE and CNR2/CTDIvol attained in different iterative reconstruction levels, (p <0.001) and (p <0.001), respectively. In conclusion, we successfully evaluate the value of radiation dose and image quality performance and establish a figure of merit for both parameters to aid further verification of scanning protocols by radiology staff.
A Potential Biomarker from Diffusion Weighted Imaging and Parametric Response Map Analysis for Treatment Response Prediction in Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Jirawatwanith T , Tangyoosuk T , Lertbutsayanukul C , Jittapiromsak N , Rakvongthai Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an MRI technique which provides functional information of tissue by detecting microscopic motion of water molecules. The change of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from DWI was used as an imaging biomarker for treatment response prediction in cancers [1]. However, it was based on whole-tumor analysis which did not reflect heterogeneity within the tumor. To overcome this limitation, a new method called parametric response map (PRM) analysis was proposed to evaluate response by quantifying voxel-wise changes in ADC [2]. Here we investigated the use of PRM analysis on ADC from DWI as an imaging biomarker for treatment response prediction in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients. We collected thirteen patient datasets including ten complete response (CR) patients and three partial response (PR) patients at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital where one patient dataset consisted of DWI and ADC data acquired before (i.e. pre-treatment) and at five weeks after (i.e. mid-treatment) initiation of chemoradiation therapy. For each dataset, we compared pre-treatment ADC image with co-registered mid-treatment ADC image, and calculated the percentage of voxels with increased ADC values with respect to total voxels within the tumor ROI, defined as PRM+. To validate the feasibility of the PRM biomarker, we computed the mean and standard deviation (SD) of percentage change in tumor volume (%AVol ) and in ADC (%AADC) and PRM+ across CR and PR patients, where tumor response was from 6-month follow-up data using RECIST1.1 guideline. The results showed that %AVol as well as %AADC between both groups was not significantly different. In contrast, PRM+ was significantly different between both groups (p < 0.05, 82.7±7.8% in CR vs 66.7±6.5% in PR). Our results implied that the proposed PRM+ biomarker could be a potential biomarker for early treatment response prediction in NPC patients.
Synthesis of Hidroxyapatite Using Microwave Irradiation and Sintering with Variation pH and Time
Authors: Amalia T R , Nurlely  , Sari Y W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) with the formula of chemical compound Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is a bone replacement material used in alternative bone graft technology. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in pH and time on Hydroxyapatite synthesis using microwave irradiation and sintering. The results show variations in pH and time affect crystal size, degree of crystallinity and morphological forms. XRD characterization showed that the samples irradiated by microwaves with time variations produced a crystal size of around 15 until 21 nm. The addition of the sintering process results in three times the crystal size be compared to the microwave process. XRD characterization also shows that variations in pH give rise to a secondary phase in the form of chlorapatite. FTIR characterization shows that the sintering process removes carbonate groups and SEM-EDX characterization of pH 11 samples which are only irradiated by microwaves produces a particle size of about 63.43 nm with a Ca / P ratio of 1.59 and the addition of the sintering process produces a particle size of around 180.62 nm with a Ca / P ratio of 1.48. The use of high temperatures affects the growth of crystals in the synthesis of Hydroxyapatite.
Preliminaries Methods for Detecting Urine Crystalline by Nanoparticle Size Analyzer
Authors: Warty Yuni , Haryanto Freddy , Aziyus Fitri Leni , Sunu Agung Nugroho Tri , Herman  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Urine crystals can be found in healthy urine and unhealthy urine (urolithiasis). Size analysis, in both with the nanoparticle size analyzer (PSA) is very useful for distinguishing urine crystallites under 1000 nm. The choice of methods and materials that are appropriate at the preparation stage before measurement will determine the accuracy of the data. The purpose of this study was to establish the right methods and materials for detecting crystals by PSA. PSA was used to compare intensity-autocorrelation curves (mean diameter) and polydispersity index of techniques and materials reviewed. Those: solution concentration; protein-coagulating; distilled water volume; micropore diameter; centrifugation value; and measurement angle. The best processing methods for urine crystallites detection was found. Antiseptics and protein-coagulation with NaN3 (2%) and formaldehyde (2.5%) were added to the urine, respectively. Urine was diluted with 50% ml distilled water then filtered through a 3 µm paper filter to remove the macromolecule. The supernatant was obtained by centrifuging the filtrate at 4000 rpm for 15 minutes. The angle (90°) applied to the measurement with Rayleigh scattering. These processing methods can remove biological cells and macromolecules in the urine. This preparation stage in the next research was applied to detect various types of urine crystals.
Comparison of Wet and Dry EEG Electrodes Based On Brain Signals Characterization In Temporal and Anterior Frontal Areas Using Audio Stimulation
Authors: Faadhilah Afif Nur , Harke Pratama Sra , Haryanto Freddy , Nurul Khotimah Siti , Suprijadi  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes are divided into two types: dry and wet. In wet electrodes, a gel or saline liquid is used to increase the conductivity value, however, it tends to dry over time. On the contrary, gel or saline liquid is not required on the dry electrode. The use of certain types of electrode in EEG influences Power Spectral Density (PSD) of brain signals. Therefore, this study compared the EEG signal produced by Emotiv using the two different types of electrodes and a specific stimulus. This study was conducted using Emotiv EPOC (wet) and Insight (dry). The Temporal (T7 and T8) and Anterior Frontal (AF3 and AF4) electrodes from both devices were used to be compared. An audio stimulus that contains a story was chosen followed by a small task related to the story. The data acquisition was performed in 36 minutes to maintain the stability of the two types of electrodes. Three minutes of recordings in resting condition were conducted on both before and after given audio stimulus. Audio stimulation followed by a small task was performed for thirty minutes. The data analysis has consisted of EEG data pre-processing using centering and filtering the data, followed by PSD calculation using the Welch periodogram with Hanning window. The result showed that the decrement percentage of PSD after stimulation from wet was higher than dry electrodes.