bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Mountain Sickness in the Pyrenees: an observational cross-sectional study
Authors: Weisweiler Clara , Ayala Marc , Soteras Iñigo , Subirats Enric , Trullàs Joan Carles 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The prevalence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) ranges between 15% and 80% depending on the absolute altitude reached, speed of ascent, and individual susceptibility. However, there is a lack of information regarding AMS at moderate to high altitudes (2,500-3,500 m) and, even less, in the Pyrenees. Our aim is to determine the prevalence and risk factor of AMS in the Pyrenees.
Methods

A cross-sectional study including mountaineers who climbed a mountain with a height greater than 2,500 m in the Pyrenees region during July and August 2019. Sociodemographic data, medical history and activity information were collected using a questionnaire. The diagnosis of AMS was based on the 2018 modified Lake Louise Score. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of different variables (risk factors) and AMS.
Results

From 437 participants, 117 met diagnostic criteria of AMS, establishing a prevalence of 26.7% (95% confidence interval: 22.6%-30.9%). Individuals affected by AMS had mild (88%) or moderate (12%) affection. The most common symptoms (in addition to headache which is mandatory for AMS diagnosis) were fatigue or weakness, gastrointestinal symptoms and dizziness. In an adjusted multivariate analysis, heavy perceived exertion, bad physical condition, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use and previous history of altitude illness were independent risk factors for developing AMS.
Conclusions

One fourth of climbers in the Pyrenees experienced mild or moderate AMS. Previous history of AMS, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use and other modifiable risk factors such as physical exertion and physical condition were strong and independent predictors of AMS. These findings suggest that educational/informational programs for individuals planning to climb to moderate-high altitudes in the Pyrenees may contribute to prevent AMS.
Pediatric Triage Variations Among Nurses, Pediatric and Emergency Residents Using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale
Authors: Alshaibi Saleh , AlBassri Tala , AlQeuflie Suliman , Philip Winnie , Alharthy Nesrin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Emergency care continues to be a challenge, since patients’ arrival is unscheduled and simultaneous which may fill the Emergency Department with non-urgent patients. Triaging is an integral part of every busy ED. The Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is considered to be the most accurate and reliable tool for patient assessment worldwide. This study aims to identify the chosen triage level and compare the variation between registered nurses, pediatric and adult emergency residents by using CTAS cases.

Methodology

This study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Saudi Arabia. A prospective self-administered questionnaire was used, and which contains 15 case scenarios with different triage levels. All cases were adopted from a Canadian triage course after receiving permission. Each case provides the patient’s symptoms, clinical signs and mode of arrival to the ED. The participants were instructed to assign a triage level using the following scale: 1=resuscitation, 2=emergent, 3=urgent, 4=less urgent, and 5=non-urgent. A non-random sampling technique was used for this study.

Result

A total of 151 participants completed the study questionnaire. 73 (48.34%) were nurses and 78 (51.66%) were residents (42 pediatric residents and 36 emergency residents).

Each participant was given a score based on the correct answer for the case scenario. A mean score was compared among the nurses, pediatric residents and emergency residents. Since our data were not normally distributed, we used the Kruskal-Wallis test to observe statistical differences between the groups. The Kruskal Wallis Post-Hoc test was performed to see which groups were statistically significant, and it was found that there was a significant difference between nurses and pediatrics residents (P value < 0.001). Moreover, there were no significant differences found between nurses and ER residents (P value > 0.05).

Conclusion

The triaging system was found to be a very important tool to prioritize patients based on their complaints. The results showed that nurses had the greatest experience in implementing patients on the right triage level. On the other hand, ER and pediatric residents demonstrated a need to develop more knowledge about CTAS and become exposed more to the triaging system during their training.
Specific DNA Mini-Barcoding for Identification of Gekko Gecko and Its Products
Authors: Su Yanyan , Ding Dandan , Yao Mengjie , Wu Lan , Dong Gangqiang , Zhang Dong , Chen Shilin , Xiang Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The dry body of the Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko) is the source of a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, it is therefore listed as a Class II protected animal species in China. Due to increasing market demand and a declining supply of the species, a considerable number of adulterants have emerged in the market. Thus, it is necessary to establish an accurate and rapid method of identification for distinguishing G. gecko from its adulterants and for separating it from highly processed products.Methods: A total of 274 COI sequences were analyzed by using MEGA 5.0 software. Several specific primers were designed to amplify mini-barcode regions and identify G. gecko from its counterfeits and products.Results: 274 COI sequences of 16 G. gecko species and adulterants were analyzed. G. gecko could be distinguished from its adulterants through BLAST analysis, intra- and inter-specific distance analyses, and an NJ tree based on COI sequences. Two pairs of specific primers designed for this study, COISF2/COISR2 and COISF3/COISR3, amplified 200- and 133-bp fragments of the COI region, respectively, both of which were suitable for the identification of G. gecko and its adulterants. Furthermore, COISF3/COISR3 detected G. gecko in 15 batches of products.Conclusion: Therefore, the specific DNA mini-barcoding method developed here may be a powerful tool for the identification of G. gecko and counterfeits, and may also be used to distinguish G. gecko from its highly processed by-products.
Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Patients with Paraquat Poisoning for Better Therapy Regimen
Authors: Xu Ying , Chen Yang , Le Jingyun , Chen Zhimin , Wang Hongju , Zhang Ping , He Yongchun , Chen Junru , Chen Jianghua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Paraquat poisoning is associated with very high mortality rate and extremely difficult to manage due to lack of antidotes. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors after paraquat poisoning and discuss the efficacy of current therapy regimen.
Methods

In this retrospective study, 211 paraquat poisoning cases admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University between 1 June 2010 and 30 April 2016 were enrolled. The demographic characteristic, medical records of clinical features, laboratory parameters, therapy regimen and the prognosis were analyzed.
Results

The overall survival rate was 55.45%. the mean age was 35.85 years old. Twelve patients who ingested paraquat combined with alcohol had a higher survival rate. The patients in survival group ingested less amount of paraquat, presented with lower serum creatinine level at admission, developed lower incidence of acute kidney injury and pulmonary CT deterioration. The survivors were treated with higher dosage of methylprednisolone, daily dose of aspirin, daily dose of rapamycin and lower dose of vitamin C. The frequency of hemoperfusion was much more in the survival group. The Cox regression survival analysis demonstrated larger amount of paraquat ingestion, abnormal renal function at admission or developing acute kidney injury (AKI) after admission were independent risk factors for mortality. Higher dose of methylprednisolone and aspirin were independent protective prognostic factors.
Conclusions

Non-survivor characteristics are larger amount of paraquat ingestion, manifestation of abnormal renal function at admission or developing AKI after admission, whereas the survivor characteristics are higher dose of methylprednisolone and aspirin.
Study on the Influence of Temperature on Tire Cornering Stiffness and Aligning Stiffness
Authors: Lu Dang , Lu Lei , Wu HaiDong , Li Lun , Wang Wei , Lv ManYi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Based on the results of tire handling test, the cornering properties of the tire at a small range of steer angles under different temperature are obtained, and the variation law of the tire cornering characteristic parameters with the tire temperature is obtained. By establishing a tread temperature model and finite element tire model considering temperature, the mechanism of tire mechanical properties with temperature is clarified, and the expression of tread stiffness and aligning stiffness considering temperature is obtained. Then, based on the above expression and the tire brush model considering the tire temperature state, a complex brush model is established. Through the model derivation, the relationship between the temperature and the tire cornering stiffness is obtained. The relationship is used as the basic expression formula to establish the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. In order to verify the correctness of the model, four kinds of temperature state cornering data are used for parameter identification, and the tire cornering properties in the other two temperature states is predicted. The error between the simulation results of the prediction model and the experimental results is very small, which effectively proves the predictive ability of the UniTire cornering model considering tire temperature. This research is helpful to improve the application of UniTire model, and provide theoretical and technical support for UniTire model indoor and outdoor expansion applications
Analysis of clinicopathological and molecular features of crawling-type gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fujita Yasuko , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugimoto Ryo , Eizuka Makoto , Toya Yosuke , Akasaka Risaburou , Matsumoto Takayuki , Sugai Tamotsu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Crawling-type adenocarcinoma (CRA) is an important gastric cancer (GC) subtype that exhibits a specific histological pattern and has characteristic clinicopathological findings. Despite its characteristic histology, little is known about the molecular characteristics of CRA. Methods: We examined 254 GC cases, including 51 cases of CRA and 126 cases having conventional differentiated adenocarcinomas (CDAs). Results for immunohistochemistry (mucin phenotype; Muc5AC, Muc6, Muc2 and CD10, CDX-2, MLH-1 and β-catenin), mutation analysis ( TP53 , KRAS and BRAF ), microsatellite instability (BAT25, BAT26, D2S123, D5S346 and D17S250), DNA methylation status by a two-panel method ( RUNX3 , MINT31 , LOX, NEUROG1 , ELMO1 and THBD ), MLH-1 promoter methylation, and allelic imbalance (AI; 1p, 3p, 4p, 5q, 8p, 9p, 13q, TP53, 18q and 22q) were examined. Results: CRAs were more likely to occur in the middle third of the stomach, in younger patients and to be macroscopically depressed. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and loss of MLH-1 expression were less frequent among CRA cases compared to CDA cases. At a molecular level, CRA is often characterized by the deletion mutation c.529_546 (18-base pair deletion at codon 177-182 in exon 5), in the TP53 gene (10 cases). Although the low methylation epigenotype was significantly more frequent for CRAs compared to CDAs, multiple AIs were more often seen in CRAs relative to CDAs. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that TP53 mutations, particularly c.529_546del, and multiple AIs are closely associated with CRA carcinogenesis. Our results suggest that CRA is an independent entity of GC in terms of clinicopathologic and molecular findings.
Improvement of Near-field Tsunami Forecasting Method Using Ocean Bottom Pressure Sensor Network (S-net)
Authors: Tanioka Yuichiro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Since the installation of a dense cabled observation network around the Japan Trench (S-net) by the Japanese government that includs 150 sensors, several tsunami forecasting methods that use the data collected from the ocean floor sensors were developed. One of such methods is the tsunami forecasting method which assimilates the data without any information of earthquakes. The tsunami forecasting method based on the assimilation of the ocean-bottom pressure data near the source area was developed by Tanioka in 2018. However, the method is too simple to be used for an actual station distribution of S-net. To overcome its limitation, we developed an interpolation method to generate the appropriate data at the equally spaced positions for the assimilation from the data observed at sensors in S-net. The method was numerically tested for two large underthrust fault models, a giant earthquake (Mw8.8) and the Nemuro-oki earthquake (Mw8.0) models. Those fault models off Hokkaido in Japan are expected to be ruptured in the future. The weighted interpolation method, in which weights of data are inversely proportional to the square of the distance, showed good results for the tsunami forecast method with the data assimilation. Furthermore, results indicated that the method is applicable to the actual observed data at the S-net stations. The only limitation of the weighted interpolation method is that the computed tsunami wavelengths tend to be longer than the actual tsunamis wavelength.
Effectiveness of mobile text reminder in improving quality of life, medication and physical exercise adherence in patients living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review
Authors: Ibeneme Sam Chidi , Ndukwu Sandra Chinenye , Myezwa Hellen , Irem Franklin Onyedinma , Ezenwankwo Fortune Elochukwu , Ajidahun Tunde Adedayo , Ezuma Amarachi Destiny , Nnamani Amaka , Onodugo Obinna , Fortwengel Gerhard 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Mobile text reminders(SMS) is considered a viable strategy for targeting/facilitating healthy behavioural change such as improved adherence to prescribed physical exercises(PE) and medication(antiretroviral therapy-ART) and likewise the quality of life(Qol) in people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA). Thus, the literature was appraised for evidence of its effectiveness. Method: A systematic review of eight databases–AMED,CINAHL,Cochrane Library,EMBASE,EMCARE,Ovid MEDLINE,PsycINFO, and PubMed-was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration Protocol. Only randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of SMS on either QoL or PE or ART adherence or a combination of these variables in PLWHA were included in the review. Inclusion was not restricted to a particular type, frequency, and duration of intervention or follow-up period after the intervention. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility of the studies. Data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed with the PEDro tool. Result: A pooled estimate of effect could not be calculated due to the heterogeneity of methods and outcome measures. Therefore, a narrative synthesis of nine studies that met the inclusion criteria(n=1621 participants at study completion) comprising males/females aged≥18years, was done. There was a significant improvement in medication adherence except in three underpowered studies. However, the effect size of the intervention is not provided in all studies. The only study on the QoL was underpowered and reported no significant change while there were no RCTs on PE. Conclusion: Personalised SMS reminder:3-5times/week x 6months, 30mins before medication time, OR SMS:weekly x 30days, OR SMS:either short or long x daily or weekly x 48weeks, OR customized dynamic SMS:via a personalized cellular phone reminder system(ARemind) with several daily reminder events matching patients ART dosing x 6weeks OR 4educative SMS/week x 4weeks OR real-time SMS reminder triggered by a-30mins delay in medication, with/without usual care, show promising evidence of significant improvement in adherence to ART in PLWHA. However, it is uncertain if the findings are of clinical significance because the effect size is unknown. Moreover, the observed heterogeneity in the methods/outcome measures warrants a cautious interpretation of findings. There is a lack/paucity of RCTs and therefore no evidence of SMS effectiveness on adherence to PE/improvement of QoL.
Protective effect of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation combined with cardiopulmonary resuscitation on post-resuscitation lung injury: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ling Jiyang , Li Chunsheng , Zhang Yun , Yuan Xiaoli , Liu Bo , Liang Yong , Zhang Qiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: This work examines the protective effect and mechanisms of early extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on ventricular-fibrillation-induced post-resuscitation lung injury in a swine cardiac-arrest model. Methods: Sixteen male swine were randomised to conventional CPR (CCPR; n=8; CCPR alone) and extracorporeal CPR (ECPR; n=8; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with CCPR), with restoration of spontaneous circulation for 6 h as an endpoint. Serological specimens were collected at baseline and restoration of spontaneous circulation for 1, 2, 4, and 6 h; lung tissue specimens were obtained postmortem. Between-group comparisons of recovery success rate, extravascular lung water , pulmonary vascular permeability index, electron microscopic features, and serum and tissue biomarkers (surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D, Clara cell protein 16, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase) were undertaken. Results: The CCPR group had non-significantly lower 6-h survival rate ( p> 0.05). Serum levels of surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D, Clara cell protein 16, and malondialdehyde were significantly higher ( p< 0.05), whereas serum superoxide dismutase was significantly lower, in the CCPR than in the ECPR group ( p <0.01). Compared with the ECPR group, tissue surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D, and superoxide dismutase significantly decreased compared to the baseline, whereas malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase significantly increased ( p< 0.01) in the CCPR group. Extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability index were significantly higher in the CCPR after 6 h compared to the baseline values and the ECPR group ( p< 0.01). Conclusions: Electron microscopy revealed mostly vacuolated intracellular alveolar type II lamellar bodies and fuzzy lamellar structure and widening and blurring of the blood–gas barrier in the CCPR group in contrast to that in the ECPR group. ECPR was found to have protective pulmonary effects, possibly related to the regulation of alveolar surface-active proteins and mitigated oxidative stress response post-resuscitation.
DEĞER YÖNELİMLERİ VE ÇEVRE YANLISI DAVRANIŞLAR
Authors: KIRAL UÇAR Gözde 
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Kısa Değerler Ölçeği’nin egoistik, altruistik ve biyosferik değer yönelimlerini içeren yapısı Türkiye’deki bir örneklemde incelenmiş ve bu değer yönelimlerinin bireylerin çevre yanlısı davranışlarıyla ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya yaşları 17 ile 73 (Ort. = 39,70; SS = 12,33) arasında değişen 213 gönüllü katılmıştır. Katılımcıların 130’u (% 61) kadın, 83’ü (% 39) erkektir. Ölçeğin orijinal formundaki üç faktörlü yapı bu örneklemde de doğrulanmıştır. Ayrıca, altruistik ve biyosferik değer yönelimleri ile çevre yanlısı davranışlar arasında pozitif yönde; egoistik değer yönelimi ve çevre yanlısı davranışlar arasında ise negatif yönde anlamlı korelasyonlar olduğu görülmektedir. Son olarak, egoistik değer yöneliminin çevre yanlısı davranışları negatif yönde, biyosferik değer yöneliminin ise pozitif yönde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazın ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Occurrence and flow systems of the anticline-controlled thermal groundwater near Chongqing in eastern Sichuan Basin of China
Authors: Ta Mingming , Zhou Xun , Xu Yanqiu , Wang Yuan , Guo Juan , Wang Xinyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA review and assessment of earlier studies shows that the thermal groundwater near Chongqing in the eastern Sichuan Basin of China has a unique occurrence called the ‘basin-anticline outcropping’ type. Its occurrence and emergence are strongly controlled by the nearly north–south trending anticlines. The basin-anticline outcropping type groundwater is similar to that of the basin type but also has the characteristics of the outcropping type because of the anticlines. The natural hot springs in the study area exist mainly in the outcropping areas of the carbonates, in the middle and the plunging ends of the anticlines where the topography was cut by rivers. They can also rise through the overlying sandstones and form up-flow springs. Geothermal wells tapping the carbonate reservoirs on the flanks of the anticlines also produce thermal groundwater. The groundwater flow can be divided into three levels: (1) shallow circulation system with groundwater of HCO3-Ca type and low TDS discharging through normal temperature springs, (2) middle circulation system with groundwater of SO4-Ca type and TDS of 2–3 g/L discharging through hot springs and (3) deep circulation system with groundwater of Cl-Na type and high TDS discharging through hot springs or wells.
Using distributed fiber optic sensors to monitor underground infrastructure
Authors: Bednarz B. , Popielski P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The development of monitoring system technology enables more accurate measurement at regular intervals of many parameters affecting the safety and proper functioning of underground infrastructure. Means of monitoring underground infrastructure using distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) are presented in this paper. DFOS use is developing rapidly and investment is increasingly visible internationally – examples are given. The preliminary results are also presented of research on the application of DFOS for monitoring pipeline deformation and thin-walled GRP (FRP) panels used in the renovation of existing sewage networks.
Colloidal Nanocarriers as Versatile Targeted Delivery Systems for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Sugumaran Abimanyu , Mathialagan Vishali 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The second most common malignant cancer of the uterus is cervical cancer, which is
present worldwide, has a rising death rate and is predominant in developing countries. Different classes of anticancer
agents are used to treat cervical carcinoma. The use of these agents results in severe untoward side-effects,
toxicity, and multidrug resistance (MDR) with higher chances of recurrence and spread beyond the pelvic region.
Moreover, the resulting clinical outcome remains very poor even after surgical procedures and treatment with
conventional chemotherapy. Because of the nonspecificity of their use, the agents wipe out both cancerous and
normal tissues. Colloidal nano dispersions have now been focusing on site-specific delivery for cervical cancer,
and there has been much advancement.

Methods:
This review aims to highlight the problems in the current treatment of cervical cancer and explore the
potential of colloidal nanocarriers for selective delivery of anticancer drugs using available literature.

Results:
In this study, we surveyed the role and potential of different colloidal nanocarriers in cervical cancer,
such as nanoemulsion, nanodispersions, polymeric nanoparticles, and metallic nanoparticles and photothermal
and photodynamic therapy. We found significant advancement in colloidal nanocarrier-based cervical cancer
treatment.

Conclusion:
Cervical cancer-targeted treatment with colloidal nanocarriers would hopefully result in minimal
toxic side effects, reduced dosage frequency, and lower MDR incidence and enhance the patient survival rates.
The future direction of the study should be focused more on the regulatory barrier of nanocarriers based on clinical
outcomes for cervical cancer targeting with cost-effective analysis.