bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of chalazion and its treatments on the meibomian glands: a nonrandomized, prospective observation clinical study
Authors: Li Junping , Li Dongping , Zhou Na , Qi Mengying , Luo Yanzhu , Wang Yuhong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To observe the effects of chalazion and its treatments on meibomian gland function and morphology in the chalazion area. Methods: This nonrandomized, prospective observational clinical study included 58 patients (67 eyelids) who were cured of chalazion, including 23 patients (23 eyelids) treated with a conservative method and 35 patients (44 eyelids) treated with surgery. Infrared meibomian gland photography combined with image analysis by ImageJ software was used to measure the chalazion area proportion. Slit-lamp microscopy was employed to evaluate meibomian gland function, and a confocal microscope was used to observe meibomian gland acinar morphology before treatment and 1 month after complete chalazion resolution. Results: At 1 month after chalazion resolution, the original chalazion area showed meibomian gland loss according to infrared meibomian gland photography in both groups. In patients who received conservative treatment, the meibomian gland function parameters before treatment were 0.74±0.75, 0.48±0.67, and 1.22±0.60, respectively. One month after chalazion resolution, the parameters were 0.35±0.49, 0.17±0.49, and 0.91±0.60, respectively; there was significant difference (P<0.05). The proportion of the chalazion area before treatment was 14.90 (11.03, 25.3), and the proportion of meibomian gland loss at 1 month after chalazion resolution was 14.64 (10.33, 25.77); there was no significant difference (P>0.05). In patients who underwent surgery, the meibomian gland function parameters before surgery were 0.93±0.87, 1.07±0.70, and 1.59±0.76, respectively, and at 1 month after chalazion resolution, they were 0.93±0.82, 0.95±0.75, and 1.52±0.70, respectively; there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The proportion of the chalazion area before surgery was 14.90 (12.04, 21.6), and the proportion of meibomian gland loss at 1 month after chalazion resolution was 14.84 (11.31, 21.81); there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The acinar structure could not be observed clearly in the meibomian gland loss area in most patients. Conclusions: Chalazion causes meibomian gland loss, and the range of meibomian gland loss is not related to the treatment method but to the range of chalazion itself. A hot compress as part of conservative treatment can improve meibomian gland function at the site of chalazion in the short term.
Drp1 is widely, yet heterogeneously, distributed in the mouse central nervous system
Authors: Luo Ting-Ting , Dai Chun-Qiu , Wang Jia-Qi , Wang Zheng-Mei , Yang Yi , Zhang Kun-Long , Wu Fei-Fei , Yang Yan-Ling , Wang Ya-Yun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Drp1 is widely expressed in the mouse central nervous system and plays a role in inducing the mitochondrial fission process. Many diseases are associated with Drp1 and mitochondria. However, since the exact distribution of Drp1 has not been specifically observed, it is difficult to determine the impact of anti-Drp1 molecules on the human body. Clarifying the specific Drp1 distribution could be a good approach to targeted treatment or prognosis.Methods: We visualized the distribution of Drp1 in different brain regions and explicated the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria. GAD67-GFP knock-in mice were utilized to detect the expression patterns of Drp1 in GABAergic neurons. We also further analyzed Drp1 expression in human malignant glioma tissue. Results: Drp1 was widely but heterogeneously distributed in the central nervous system. Further observation indicated that Drp1 was highly and heterogeneously expressed in inhibitory neurons. Under transmission electron microscopy, the distribution of Drp1 was higher in dendrites than other areas in neurons, and only a small amount of Drp1 was localized in mitochondria. In human malignant glioma, the fluorescence intensity of Drp1 increased from grade I-III, while grade IV showed a declining trend. Conclusion: In this study, we observed a wide heterogeneous distribution of Drp1 in the central nervous system, which might be related to the occurrence and development of neurologic disease. We hope that the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria may will to therapeutic guidance in the clinic.
The Analysis of Risk Factors to Hypotension Occurring after Caesarean Spinal Anesthesia for Parturients with Scarred Uterus
Authors: Chen Wei , Cao Ya , chen quan yong , Lu Yan , Wang Bing , Wang Hai , Ding Fang , Guo Ling 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Backgroud：This study aims to discuss the risk factors to hypotension for caesarean parturients with scarred uterus when low dose of bupivacaine and sulfentanyl are used in spinal anesthesia. Methods：A total of 322 singleton-pregnancy parturients with scarred uterus who had been scheduled for caesarean spinal anesthesia were randomly sampled. The data about the basic information of the parturients, the gestation, the fetus and the anesthesia has been recorded and filed according to the clinical questionnaires about hypotension in caesarean section. The parturients whose systolic pressure drops below 90mmHG or decreases by 20% during the time from the completion of anesthesia until the delivery of infant were classified to be Group Hypotension (Group H) and the rest are in Group non-hypotension (Group N). This study analyzes the correlation of 39 factors to the occurrence of hypotension and then further analyzes the statistically significant factors through binary classification logistic regression.Results：Of the 322 sampled parturients, 148 parturients suffered hypotension. The incidence of hypotension in this study is 45.96%. The result of univariate analysis shows that the differences in the factors including height (p=0.005), post-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) (p=0.00), weight gain in gestation (p=0.000), fundal height(p=0.047), fasting time (p=0.031), exercise history in gestation (p=0.006) and dermatomal level of analgesia (p=0.000) between two groups are statistically significant. The variables with statistical significance are analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. The result shows that BMI in gestation (OR=1.146 95%, CI 1.041-1.262, p <0.05), weight gain in gestation (OR = 1.126 95%, CI 1.060-1.198, p <0.001), exercise history in gestation (OR = 0.399, 95% CI 0.205-0.778, p = 0.007), dermatomal level of analgesia (OR = 2.248, 95% CI 1.645-3.074, p <0.001) are risk factors to hypotension occurrence after caesarean spinal anesthesia for parturients with scarred uterus. Conclusion：The incidence of hypotension occurring after caesarean spinal anesthesia for parturients with scarred uterus is relatively high. Factors including post-pregnancy BMI, weight gain in gestation, exercise history in gestation and dermatomal level of analgesia after anesthesia are risk factors to hypotension occurring after caesarean spinal anesthesia for parturients with scarred uterus. The result plays an important role in predicting the occurrence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia by parturients with scarred uterus in clinic. Trial registration：Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(chiCTR-ROC-17011251)
Construction of a metastasis-associated ceRNA network reveals a prognostic signature in lung cancer
Authors: Cao Qing , Dong Zewen , Liu Shuzhen , An Guoyan , Yan Bianbian , LEI LEI 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and metastasis is the leading cause of lung cancer related death. However, the molecular network involved in lung cancer metastasis remains incompletely described. Here, we aimed to construct a metastasis-associated ceRNA network and identify a lncRNA prognostic signature in lung cancer.Methods: RNA expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to investigate the function of these genes. Using Cox regression analysis, we found that a 6 lncRNA signature may serve as a candidate prognostic factor in lung cancer. Finally, we used Transwell assays with lung cancer cell lines to verify that LINC01010 acts as a tumor suppressor.Results: We identified 1249 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 440 DE lncRNAs and 26 DE miRNAs between nonmetastatic and metastatic lung cancer tissues. GO and KEGG analyses confirmed that the identified DE mRNAs are involved in lung cancer metastasis. Using bioinformatics tools, we constructed a metastasis-associated ceRNA network for lung cancer that includes 117 mRNAs, 23 lncRNAs and 22 miRNAs. We then identified a 6 lncRNA signature (LINC01287, SNAP25-AS1, LINC00470, AC104809.2, LINC00645 and LINC01010) that had the greatest prognostic value for lung cancer. Furthermore, we found that suppression of LINC01010 promoted lung cancer cell migration and invasion.Conclusions: This study might provide insight into the identification of potential lncRNA biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in lung cancer.
Moxibustion for Allergic Rhinitis: Protocol for Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Xiong Jun , Xiang Jie , Zhang Haifeng , Hua Fanghui , Huang Shouqiang , Fu Yong , Jiang Yunfeng , Zhou Xiaohong , Liao Kai , Xu Lingling 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction Allergic rhinitis(AR) is a widespread non-infectious inflammatory lesion of the schneiderian membrane. Moxibustion is a traditional Chinese treatment that can effectively treat AR. At present, there is a lack of guidelines to regulate the treatment of AR by moxibustion, so relevant clinical practice guideline (CPG) need to formulate.Methods and analysis The guideline will base on the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the World Health Organization(WHO) guideline handbook, the Grade of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)，the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & EvaluationⅡ (AGREEⅡ), Reporting Items for practice Guideline in HealThcare (RIGHT). We will set up the Guideline working group to identify questions in the form of Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes (PICO). Then we will accomplish evidence retrieval, synthesis and evaluation. Experts will programme recommendations through 2-3 rounds of the Delphi method. We will also consider patient preferences and complete peer reviews.Results The study is not complete, so there are no results to report.Conclusions The guideline will make moxibustion more standardized and effective in the treatment of AR.Registration number IPGRP-2020CN012.
Multi-Energy System Based on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
Authors: Li Zhihao , Su Jiapeng , Yu Hui , Jin Anjun J. , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The ocean thermal energy is abundant and is ready for clean energy output. Firstly, the global total is about 40 billion kW. The ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is clean and renewable, the power generation is stable, and the energy stored capacity is high. Active exploitation of ocean thermal energy resources is of great significance to realize the strategy of maritime power. Next, in view of the efficiency limit of a traditional OTEC, authors propose an approach of multi-energy complementary system to improve the system efficiency based on OTEC. This approach integrates solar energy, wind energy and energy storage into a complementary OTEC system; this complementary system sets parameters at the system level. For example, a 1 MW integrated power generation system is designed. Moreover, by calculating a theoretical model, researchers investigate the system with computer aided design and simulation. The efficiency of the complementary OTEC system with solar heating can reach 12.8% and the comprehensive efficiency can reach 18.6%. Furthermore, there are many favorable by-products of OTEC that are considered beneficial for the eco-system. Finally, in this paper, the basic principle and working process of the approach are analyzed, and the system efficiency is calculated. The results show that in comparison to the traditional OTEC, the complementary system can improve the ratio of power generation output efficiency, stability and ocean energy utilization.
Solar Driven Agricultural Greenhouse Integrated with Desalination System; Energy-Water-Food Nexus
Authors: Abdullahi Kabir , Salah Alaa , Fath Hassan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study presents the effective performance of a sustainable solar driven agricultural greenhouse (GH) self-reliant of energy and irrigation water via desalination. The GH is furnished with infrastructures such as; (i) - an inlet condenser for cool air exchanger and partial water production, (ii) - an internal cavity for crop production (iii) - roof transparent solar distillers (TSD) for solar desalination and partial shading and (iv)- a thermal chimney for natural air ventilation. A mathematical model is developed to predict the performance of the sustainable GH system. A coupled approach of MATLAB/Simulink and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on three simulation models were used: solar radiation, thermal energy balance and CFD model. Two parametric studies were carried out. The first one analyzed the effects of different air velocity on the system thermal performance and natural ventilation rate. The second study assessed the effects of different covering material on the transmitted solar radiation. Results from the model shows that 8.5 MJ/m2.day of total solar radiation is transmitted into the GH. The greenhouse air temperature is lowered by 5 °C and humidified by 20%, to satisfy the required conditions necessary for plant growth. Maximum water yield of 11.5 L/m2.day was obtained, aided by the addition of Al-metal net. Additionally, 2.6 kWh/m2.day of power is consumed by the air-cooling condenser. At air velocity of 0.3 m/s, there is a natural tendency of air to flow by draft, due to air temperature difference of up to 4 °C. Furthermore, glass and EVA cover materials transmit 52 and 48% of solar radiation into the GH respectively. The proposed system will enable the parallel production of water and food and enhance economical plant productivity.
Prognostic value of an autophagy-related gene expression signature for endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Wang Hui , Ma Xiaoling , Liu Jinhui , Wan Yicong , Jiang Yi , Xia Yankai , cheng wenjun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Autophagy is associated with cancer development. Autophagy-related genes play significant roles in endometrial cancer (EC), a major gynecological malignancy worldwide, but little was known about their value as prognostic markers. Here we evaluated the value of a prognostic signature based on autophagy-related genes for EC. Methods: First, various autophagy-related genes were obtained via the Human Autophagy Database and their expression profiles were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Second, key prognostic autophagy-related genes were identified via univariat, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Finally, a risk score to predict the prognosis of EC was calculated and validated by using the test and the entire data sets. Besides, gene set enrichment and somatic mutation analyses were also used for these prognostic autophagy-related genes. Results: A total of 40 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in EC were screened and five of them were prognosis-related (CDKN1B, DLC1, EIF4EBP1, ERBB2 and GRID1). A prognostic signature was constructed based on these five genes using the train set, which stratified EC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups (P<0.05). In terms of overall survival, the analyses of the test set and the entire set yielded consistent results (test set: p < 0.05; entire set: p < 0.05). Time-dependent ROC analysis suggested that the risk score predicted EC prognosis accurately and independently (0.674 at 1 year, 0.712 at 3 years and 0.659 at 5 years). A nomogram with clinical utility was built. Patients in the high-risk group displayed distinct mutation signatures compared with those in the low-risk group. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed high risk score was associated with tumor initiation and progression associated pathways. Conclusions: Based on five autophagy-related genes (CDKN1B, DLC1, EIF4EBP1, ERBB2 and GRID1), our model can independently predict the OS of EC patients by combining molecular signature and clinical characteristics.
Construction of prognostic predictor by comprehensive analyzing alternative splicing events for Colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qu Yaqi , Guo Peng , Zhang Le , Tian Lifei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Reliable prognostic biomarkers are needed to identify to guide clinical practice.Materials and Method Comprehensive gene expression with AS profiles for each patient were downloaded using SpliceSeq database from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cox regression analysis was conducted to screen prognostic AS events. R package “limma” was used to screen different expression genes (DEGs) between normal and tumor samples in COAD cohort. Venn plot analysis was performed between DEGs and prognostic AS events, the DEGs with prognostic AS events occurred(DEGAS) were obtained. Top 30 DEGAS in protein-protein interaction(PPI) analysis were bring in Cox proportional hazards regression to establish prognostic models.Results Totally, 350 patients were included in study. 22,451 AS events were detected. 2,004 AS events form 1439 genes showed as survival-associated AS events significantly. By overlapping the 1439 genes and 6455 DEGs, 211 DEGs with AS events were obtained. After construction of PPI, top 30 hub genes were included in multivariable analysis. Finally, a risk score based on 12 genes which associated with overall survival(OS) was established (P < 0.05). The area under the curve(AUC) is 0.782. And the risk score shows as an independent predictor (P < 0.001).Conclusions By exploring survival-associated AS events, a powerful prognostic predictor was built. We aim at proposing a novel method to provide treatment targets for COAD and guide clinical practice in the future.
Spatial Estimation of Soil Erosion Using RUSLE Modeling: A case study of Dolakha District
Authors: Thapa Pawan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Soil erosion is one of the major causes of the topsoil loss, that decreases fertility in the agricultural land of a mountainous region. Spatial estimation of soil erosion is necessary for an agriculture-dependent country like Nepal for preparing erosion control plans. The purpose of this study was to estimate soil erosion of Dolakha using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, which analyzes the effect of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) and slope exposition on soil erosion.Results: The soil erosion rate had been categorized into 6 erosion classes based on the erosion severity, and 5.01% of the areas was found to be under extreme severe erosion risk (> 80 Mg ha-1yr-1) that need to address by decision-maker for reducing the risk of erosion. Followed by 10 % areas were classified under high to severe with rate of soil loss range from 10 to 80 Mg ha-1yr-1. While 15% and 70% areas were still remain in moderate and low risk zone respectively. The study demonstrated the northeastern part of district suffer high soil erosion risk due to steep slope and rugged landforms.Conclusions: The result produce spatial distribution of soil erosion over Dolakha, which can be applied for conservation and management planning processes, at the policy level, by land use planners and decision-makers.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pharmacy and Medical Students Regarding Self-Medication, A Study in Zabol University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Hashemzaei Mahmoud , Afshari Mahdi , Koohkan Zahra , Bazi Ali , Rezaee Ramin , Tabrizian Kaveh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Self-medication is defined as using medicinal products to treat disorders or symptoms diagnosed by one-self. Although informed self-medication is one of the ways to reduce health care costs, inappropriate self-treatment can pose various risks including drug side effects, recurrence of symptoms, drug resistance, etc. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacy and medical students toward self-medication.Methods: This study was conducted in Zabol University of Medical Sciences during 2018. A sample of 170 pharmacy and medical students was selected. A standard three-part researcher-made questionnaire was designed to address students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 25 software.Results: According to the results, 97 (57.1%) of the students had carried out self-medication within the past 6 months. Overall, the students used self-medication on average of 4.2 ± 2.9 times per year. Self-medication was more prevalent in male students (65.4%, P = 0.043). Cough and cold were the most common symptoms treated with self-medication (93.2%), and antibiotics (74.4%) were the most commonly used drugs. The primary information source used by the students was their previous physician prescription (47.4%). Medical students' attitude toward self-medication was more positive than that of pharmacy students (19.82 ± 4.84 vs. 21.67 ± 4.05, P = 0.033). Pharmacy students; however, showed higher levels of drug information (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between the level of drug information and the rate of self-medication (P = 0.005). Disease recurrence was the most common negative complication of self-medication.Conclusion: There is a need to educate pharmacy and medical students regarding self-medication and its side effects. The high prevalence of self-medication and the overuse of antibiotics can pose a significant risk of drug resistance.
Identification and validation of an immune-related prognostic signature for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xia Xinxin , Liu Hui , Li Yuejun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. The immune system plays vital roles in HCC initiation and progression. The present study aimed to construct an immune-gene related prognostic signature (IRPS) for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. Methods: Gene expression data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes that associated with overall survival. The IRPS was established via Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Both Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine the independent prognostic factors for HCC. Next, the association between the IRPS and clinical-related factors were evaluated. The prognostic values of the IRPS were further validated using the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) dataset. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) were conducted to understand the biological mechanisms of the IRPS.Results: A total of 62 genes were identified to be candidate immune-related prognostic genes. Transcription factors-immunogenes network was generated to explore the interactions among these candidate genes. According to the results of Lasso and multivariate Cox regression analysis, we established an IRPS and confirmed its stability and reliability in ICGC dataset. The IRPS was significantly associated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics. Both Cox regression analyses revealed that the IRPS could be an independent risk factor influencing the prognosis of HCC patients. The relationships between the IRPS and infiltration immune cells demonstrated that the IRPS was associated with immune cell infiltration. GSEA identified significantly enriched pathways, which might assist in elucidating the biological mechanisms of the IRPS. Furthermore, a nomogram was constructed to estimate the survival probability of HCC patients. Conclusions: The IRPS was effective for predicting prognosis of HCC patients, which might serve as novel prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers for HCC.