bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Litter to glitter: promoting herbaceous groundcover and diversity in mid-southern USA oak forests using canopy disturbance and fire
Authors: Vander Yacht Andrew L. , Keyser Patrick D. , Barrioz Seth A. , Kwit Charles , Stambaugh Michael C. , Clatterbuck Wayne K. , Jacobs Ryan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn oak-dominated communities throughout eastern North America, fire exclusion and subsequent woody encroachment has replaced the “glitter” of once robust and diverse wildflower and grass layers with leaf-litter dominance. Restoring the important herbaceous components of Eastern oak ecosystems could involve pairing heavy canopy disturbance with growing-season fire, but potential negative effects warrant research. Beginning with 20 ha replicates of closed-canopy forest at three sites across Tennessee and North Carolina, USA, we monitored groundcover response to combinations of thinning (none; light: 14 m2ha−1residual basal area; and heavy: 7 m2ha−1) and seasonal fire (none; March: pre leaf expansion; and October: pre leaf abscission) from 2008 to 2016.ResultsBefore treatments, woody plants and leaf-litter-dominated groundcover and herbaceous plants were rare (<6% groundcover, 118 species). By 2016, herbaceous groundcover averaged 59% after heavy thinning and three biennial burns, and 359 herbaceous species were documented. Only 6% (23) of these species appeared negatively affected by applied disturbances. Across sites, thin-and-burn treatments increased graminoid groundcover 14-fold, forb groundcover 50-fold, herbaceous richness 9-fold, and herbaceous diversity 10-fold, relative to unmanaged stands. These increases were often greater where fire was repeatedly applied, and only after repeated fire was herbaceous response greater in heavily thinned stands relative to lightly thinned stands. Burn-only treatments rarely affected herbaceous metrics, and thin-and-burn treatments more than doubled woody groundcover. This suggests that canopy reduction, leaf-litter consumption, and pulses of bare ground were more related to positive herbaceous responses than to the control of woody competition in the understory. Fire season effects were not observed, but herbaceous response after less intense October fires was comparable to that following more intense March fires.ConclusionsOur results conflict with warnings concerning the potential negative effects of disturbance on herbaceous diversity east of the prairie–woodland transition zone. Canopy disturbance and repeated fire, regardless of season, widely restored herbaceous groundcover and diversity in Eastern oak ecosystems. Herbaceous components were resilient to extended periods of fire exclusion, but current conservation programs often prioritize existing, high-quality sites. Our results suggest that such policies may overlook the tremendous restoration potential present in otherwise inconspicuous understories of closed-canopy oak forests throughout eastern North America.
Platelet count as a predictor of outcome of hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia at Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
Authors: Ghoneim Adel H. A. , Mohammad Mohammad A. , Elghamrawy Mohammad A. , Embarak Sameh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Platelets play an essential role in both coagulation system and the host immune defenses against infection including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This work aimed to study the possibility of using platelet count as an additional criterion to predict the outcome of hospitalized patients with CAP.

Results
This prospective cohort study included 250 patients hospitalized with CAP. According to platelet count at admission, 15 (6%) patients showed thrombocytopenia (group I) and 202 (80.8%) showed normal platelet count (group II), while 33 (13.2%) patients showed thrombocytosis (group III). CAP patients with thrombocytosis had more significant respiratory complications including lung abscess (p = 0.02), empyema (p < 0.001), and pleural effusion (p = 0.01). Severe sepsis and septic shock were significantly encountered among CAP patients with thrombocytopenia (p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). CAP patients with thrombocytopenia significantly needed mechanical ventilation either invasive (p = 0.017) or even non-invasive (p = 0.047). Both CAP patients with thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis had significant 30 days readmission (p = 0.034) and significant 30 days mortality (p = 0.016) when compared to CAP patients with normal platelet count. Both thrombocytopenia (p = 0.012) and thrombocytosis (p = 0.029) were independent predictors of 30 days mortality among hospitalized patients with CAP.

Conclusions
Both thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia are linked to adverse outcomes among hospitalized patients with CAP.
Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Benito Estela , Gómez-Martin Jesús M , Vega-Piñero Belén , Priego Pablo , Galindo Julio , Escobar-Morreale Héctor F , Botella-Carretero José I 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Restoration of ovulation is quite common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) after surgically induced weight loss. Whether or not this results in an improvement of PCOS-associated infertility is uncertain.

Objective
To study fertility and gestational outcomes in women with PCOS after bariatric surgery.

Design
Unicenter cohort study.

Setting
Academic hospital.

Patients
Two hundred and sixteen premenopausal women were screened for PCOS before bariatric surgery. Women were followed-up after the intervention until mid-2019 regardless of having or not PCOS.

Interventions
All participants underwent bariatric surgery from 2005 to 2015.

Main outcome measures
Pregnancy and live birth rates in the PCOS and control groups.

Results
In women seeking fertility, pregnancy rates were 95.2% in PCOS and 76.9% in controls (P = 0.096) and live birth rates were 81.0% and 69.2%, respectively (P = 0.403). The time to achieve the first pregnancy after surgery was 34 ± 28 months in women with PCOS and 32 ± 25 months in controls. Albeit the mean birth weight was lower (P = 0.040) in newborns from women with PCOS (2763 ± 618 g) compared with those from controls (3155 ± 586 g), the number of newborns with low birth weight was similar in both groups (3 in the PCOS group and 1 in the controls, P = 0.137). Maternal (17.6% in PCOS and 22.2% in controls, P = 0.843) and neonatal (23.5% in PCOS and 14.8% in controls, P = 0.466) complications were rare, showing no differences between groups.

Conclusions
Pregnancy and fertility rates in very obese women with PCOS after bariatric surgery were high, with few maternal and neonatal complications.
Marked Increase in Incident Gynecomastia: A 20-Year National Registry Study, 1998 to 2017
Authors: Koch Trine , Bräuner Elvira V , Busch Alexander S , Hickey Martha , Juul Anders 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Gynecomastia, the proliferation of mammary glandular tissue in the male, is a frequent but little-studied condition. Available prevalence data are based on selected patient populations or autopsy cases with their inherent bias.

Objective
The objective of this work is to evaluate the age-related incidence and secular trends in gynecomastia in the general population.

Design
An observational, 20-year national registry study was conducted.

Setting
This population-based study used nationwide registry data.

Participants
Participants included all Danish males (age 0-80 years) with a first-time diagnosis of gynecomastia.

Main Outcome Measures
All Danish males (age 0-80 years) were followed up for incident diagnosis of gynecomastia in the Danish National Patient Registry from 1998 to 2017 using the International Codes of Diseases, 10th revision, and the Danish Health Care Classification System. Age-specific incidence rates were estimated. The hypothesis tested in this study was formulated prior to data collection.

Results
Overall, a total 17 601 males (age 0-80 years) were registered with an incident diagnosis of gynecomastia within the 20-year study period, corresponding to 880 new cases per year and an average 20-year incidence of 3.4 per 10 000 men (age 0-80 years). The average annual incidence was 6.5/10 000 in postpubertal males age 16 to 20 years and 4.6/10 000 in males age 61 to 80 years, with a respective 5- and 11-fold overall increase in these 2 age groups over the 20-year period.

Conclusions
The incidence of gynecomastia has dramatically increased over the last 20 years, implying that the endogenous or exogenous sex-steroid environment has changed, which is associated with other adverse health consequences in men such as an increased risk of prostate cancer, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, or cardiovascular disorders.
Ecdysone-dependent feedback regulation of prothoracicotropic hormone controls the timing of developmental maturation
Authors: Christensen Christian F. , Koyama Takashi , Nagy Stanislav , Danielsen E. Thomas , Texada Michael J. , Halberg Kenneth A. , Rewitz Kim 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The activation of a neuroendocrine system that induces a surge in steroid production is a conserved initiator of the juvenile-to-adult transition in many animals. The trigger for maturation is the secretion of brain-derived neuropeptides, yet the mechanisms controlling the timely onset of this event remain ill-defined. Here, we show that a regulatory feedback circuit controlling the Drosophila neuropeptide Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) triggers maturation onset. We identify the Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) in the PTTH-expressing neurons (PTTHn) as a regulator of developmental maturation onset. Loss of EcR in these PTTHn impairs PTTH signaling, which delays maturation. We find that the steroid ecdysone dose-dependently affects Ptth transcription, promoting its expression at lower concentrations and inhibiting it at higher concentrations. Our findings indicate the existence of a feedback circuit in which rising ecdysone levels trigger, via EcR activity in the PTTHn, the PTTH surge that generates the maturation-inducing ecdysone peak toward the end of larval development. Because steroid feedback is also known to control the vertebrate maturation-inducing hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, our findings suggest an overall conservation of the feedback-regulatory neuroendocrine circuitry that controls the timing of maturation initiation.
Biomarkers of pituitary macroadenomas aggressive behaviour: a conventional MRI and DWI 3T study
Authors: Conficoni Alberto , Feraco Paola , Mazzatenta Diego , Zoli Matteo , Asioli Sofia , Zenesini Corrado , Fabbri Viscardo Paolo , Cellerini Martino , Bacci Antonella 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Pituitary macroadenomas (PAs) are usually defined as benign intracranial tumors. However, they may present local aggressive course. High Ki67 labelling index (LI) values have been related to an aggressive tumor behavior. A recent clinicopathological classification of PA based on local invasiveness and proliferation indexes, divided them in groups with different prognosis. We evaluated the utility of conventional MRI (cMRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), in predicting the Ki67- LI according the clinicopathological classification.

Methods:
17 patients (12 M and 5 F) who underwent surgical removal of a PA were studied. cMRI features, quantification of T 1W and T 2W signal intensity, degree of contrast uptake (enhancement ratio, ER) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were evaluated by using a 3 T scan. Statistics included Mann–Whitney test, Spearman’s test, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant for all the tests.

Results:
Negative correlations were observed between Ki-67 LI, ADCm (ρ = - 0.67, p value = 0.005) and ER values (ρ = −0.62; p = 0.008). ER values were significantly lower in the proliferative PA group (p = 0.028; p = 0.017). ADCm showed sensitivity and specificity of 90 and 85% respectively into predict Ki67-LI value. A value of ADCm ≤0, 711 x 10–6 mm2 emerged as a cut-off of a value of Ki67-LI ≥ 3%.

Conclusion:
Adding quantitative measures of ADC values to cMRI could be used routinely as a non-invasive marker of specific predictive biomarker of the proliferative activity of PA.

Advances in knowledge:
Routinely use of DWI on diagnostic work-up of pituitary adenomas may help in establish the likely biological aggressive lesions.
The theoretical mortality risk of an asymptomatic patient with a negative SARS-CoV-2 test developing COVID-19 following elective orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Kader Nardeen , Clement Nick D. , Patel Vipul R. , Caplan Nick , Banaszkiewicz Paul , Kader Deiary 
Published: July 2020

Aims The risk to patients and healthcare workers of resuming elective orthopaedic surgery following the peak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been difficult to quantify. This has prompted governing bodies to adopt a cautious approach that may be impractical and financially unsustainable. The lack of evidence has made it impossible for surgeons to give patients an informed perspective of the consequences of elective surgery in the presence of SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to determine, for the UK population, the probability of a patient being admitted with an undetected SARS-CoV-2 infection and their resulting risk of death; taking into consideration the current disease prevalence, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, and preassessment pathway. Methods The probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a false negative test was calculated using a lower-end RT-PCR sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 95%, and the UK disease prevalence of 0.24% reported in May 2020. Subsequently, a case fatality rate of 20.5% was applied as a worst-case scenario. Results The probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection with a false negative preoperative test was 0.07% (around 1 in 1,400). The risk of a patient with an undetected infection being admitted for surgery and subsequently dying from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is estimated at approximately 1 in 7,000. However, if an estimate of the current global infection fatality rate (1.04%) is applied, the risk of death would be around 1 in 140,000, at most. This calculation does not take into account the risk of nosocomial infection. Conversely, it does not factor in that patients will also be clinically assessed and asked to self-isolate prior to surgery. Conclusion Our estimation suggests that the risk of patients being inadvertently admitted with an undetected SARS-CoV-2 infection for elective orthopaedic surgery is relatively low. Accordingly, the risk of death following elective orthopaedic surgery is low, even when applying the worst-case fatality rate. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(9):1256–1260.
Die Komposition personennaher Dienstleistungen von morgen
Authors: Lattemann Christoph , Robra-Bissantz Susanne , Ziegler Christoph 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungNach den anhaltenden Erfolgen der Digitalisierung in der Industrie und im Sektor industrienaher Dienstleistungen in den vergangenen Jahren, die unter dem Schlagwort der Industrie 4.0 zu verzeichnen sind, erfolgt nun eine Verlagerung der Schwerpunktsetzung auf die Digitalisierung personennaher Dienstleistungen (PDL). PDL zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie Werte am Menschen und/oder für den Menschen schaffen. Sie kommen in allen Bereichen und Sektoren vor, in denen menschliche Interaktionen stattfinden, also nicht nur im privaten oder sozialen Bereichen, sondern auch im unternehmerischen Kontext. PDL müssen grundsätzlich an den menschlichen Bedürfnissen und Erfahrungen von Nutzern ausgerichtet sein. Dies unterscheidet sie von industriellen Produkten und Dienstleistungen, deren Entwicklung häufig durch techno-ökonomische Kriterien getrieben ist. Deswegen sind die Entwicklung und Digitalisierung von PDL auch nicht mit den bekannten Innovationsmethoden und dem grundsätzlichen Wertschöpfungsverständnis aus der Industrie 4.0 und auch nicht mit dem klassischen Konsumgütermarketing vereinbar.In diesem Grundlagenartikel zeigen wir die Entwicklungstendenzen von PDL in Zeiten der Digitalisierung auf. Exemplarisch beleuchten wir einige, durch Megatrends getriebene und durch die Corona-Krise verstärkte, gesellschaftliche Veränderungen und daraus resultierende Konsum- und Lebensstile, die wiederum die Bedürfnisse nach PDL beeinflussen. Die sich hieraus ergebenden Konsequenzen für Unternehmen werden dargestellt.Aus den Charakteristika PDL und den theoretischen Überlegungen der Service-dominierten Logik leiten wir sieben pragmatische Prinzipien für einen notwendigen Wandel in der unternehmerischen Grundausrichtung ab und beschreiben beispielhaft eine Innovationsmethode, sowie eine Methode zur Entwicklung von Geschäftsmodellen, die eine ganzheitliche Komposition von PDL reflektiert.Dieser Artikel bietet Praktikern Leitplanken zur Navigation durch ein neues Terrain der PDL. Für die Wissenschaft wollen wir mit diesem Artikel die Diskussion über die Entwicklung digital-unterstützter PDL eröffnen.
No encontro com as imagens, aprender com artes: máquinas de pensar através da pele na cultura visual
Authors: De Oliveira Thiago Ranniery Moreira , Ravanello Letícia Da Silva 
Published: July 2020

Este artigo percorre a seguinte questão de investigação: o que a aprendizagem se torna quando se está produzindo imagens em práticas pedagógicas na escola? Ao mobilizar ideias-força da filosofia da diferença de Gilles Deleuze e da perspectiva da cultura visual, explora as conexões e reverberações mútuas entre produção de imagens e aprendizagem no ensino de Arte. Para tanto, a cartografia foi com um trabalho de investigação filosófica associada a experiência de uma das autoras com produção de fotografias com jovens no Ensino Médio. O argumento principal defende deslocamento da imagem como representação e propõe a imagem como máquina do pensar. Apostamos, assim, que aprendizagem e pensamento se imbricam nas sensações e adotamos a postura de tratar a imagem como máquina do pensar através da pele. Aprender, portanto, é proporcionar ao corpo sentir a alteridade com e das imagens.
Palavras-chave: Imagem, Cultura Visual, Aprendizagem.
Mulheres no campo
Authors: Araújo Letícia Almeida , Costa Tamyris Maria Moreira da , Lemos Thais de Cássia Silva 
Published: July 2020

Diante de uma sociedade patriarcal, capitalista e opressora, consiste a urgência compreensão da visibilidade da força de trabalho feminina, em especial das mulheres do campo, ainda mais vulneráveis dentro dessa lógica. Ao falar sobre o papel da mulher na agricultura, com destaque na cafeicultura mineira, é necessário compreender a participação e valorização destas mulheres nos setores de cooperativismo, administração da propriedade, divisão sexual do trabalho, reconhecimento no mercado, além das múltiplas jornadas de trabalho, que recaem sobre a mulher. Além disso, é importante discutir sobre gênero na geografia agrária principalmente pelo fato de existir poucos trabalhos que abordam a relação de gênero no campo e assim poucos trabalhos e autores que trabalham nesse tema.
Palavras-chave: Mulheres. Divisão Sexual do Trabalho. Cafeicultura. Cooperativismo. Agricultura Familiar.
Analysis of Impact Assessment Practice and Mitigation for Shipping Activity in the Eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Thiessen Bethany , Noble Bram , Hanna Kevin 
Published: July 2020

Marine traffic is increasing in the Canadian Arctic, largely because of changing ice conditions, a growing tourism industry, and natural resource extraction. Impact assessment (IA) is a primary instrument for managing the impacts of project development in the Arctic, but there has been limited analysis of the scope and application of IA for identifying and managing the impacts of shipping. This paper examines the impacts of shipping activity associated with mining projects in the eastern Canadian Arctic, including barge traffic and resupply vessels; the mitigation actions commonly prescribed in IA; and the key IA challenges facing decision-makers. Results show 71 impacts that may be considered common to IA applications for shipping, for which the mitigation strategies rely heavily on compliance-based measures and “best” practices to either minimize or avoid impacts, supported by follow-up programs that provide for adaptation of mitigation based on monitoring results. However, results also illustrate concerns over the ability of IA to effectively manage the cumulative effects of increasing Arctic marine traffic. Only a minority of projects involving marine transport trigger IA, even though other types of marine traffic, such as tourism, may generate similar types of impacts. The common impacts and mitigation solutions identified in this research and the lessons from monitoring can inform future IAs for shipping, improve permitting processes for shipping activities that do not require IA, and provide a foundation for a more regional or sector-wide approach to identifying and mitigating the cumulative effects of increasing vessel traffic.
Culture-negative infective endocarditis (CNIE): impact on postoperative mortality
Authors: Salsano Antonio , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Del Puente Filippo , Natali Roberto , Miette Ambra , Moscatelli Sara , Perocchio Giacomo , Scarano Flavio , Porto Italo , Mariscalco Giovanni , Bassetti Matteo , Santini Francesco 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Poor postoperative outcomes have been reported after surgery for infective endocarditis (IE). Whether the absence of positive cultures impacts the prognosis remains a matter of discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of negative cultures on the prognosis of surgically treated IE.

Methods
This was a single-center, retrospective study. From January 2000 to June 2019, all patients who underwent valvular surgery for IE were included in the study. The primary endpoint was early postoperative mortality. A covariate balancing propensity score was developed to minimize the differences between the culture-positive IE (CPIE) and culture-negative IE (CNIE) cohorts. Using the estimated propensity scores as weights, an inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) model was built to generate a weighted cohort. Then, to adjust for confounding related to CPIE and CNIE, a doubly robust method that combines regression model with IPTW by propensity score was adopted to estimate the causal effect of the exposure on the outcome.

Results
During the study period, 327 consecutive patients underwent valvular repair/replacement with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic cardiac arrest for IE. Their mean age was 61.4 ± 15.4 years, and 246 were males (75.2%). Native valve IE and prosthetic valve IE accounted for 87.5% and 12.5% of cases, respectively. Aortic (182/327, 55.7%) and mitral valves (166/327, 50.8%) were mostly involved; 20.5% of isolated mitral valve diseases were repaired (22/107 patients). The tricuspid valve was involved in 10 patients (3.3%), and the pulmonary valve in 1 patient (<1%). Fifty-nine patients had multiple-valve disease (18.0%). Blood cultures were negative in 136/327 (41.6 %). A higher postoperative mortality was registered in CNIE than in CPIE patients (19% vs 9%, respectively, p = 0.01). The doubly robust analysis after IPTW by propensity score showed CNIE to be associated with early postoperative mortality (odds ratio 2.10; 95% CI, 1.04–4.26, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
In our cohort, CNIE was associated with a higher early postoperative mortality in surgically treated IE patients after dedicated adjustment for confounding. In this perspective, any effort to improve preoperative microbiological diagnosis, thus allowing targeted therapeutic initiatives, might lead to overall better postoperative outcomes in surgically treated IE.