bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Oh, Dignity too?” Said the Robot: Human Dignity as the Basis for the Governance of Robotics
Authors: Zardiashvili Lexo , Fosch-Villaronga Eduard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHealthcare robots enable practices that seemed far-fetched in the past. Robots might be the solution to bridge the loneliness that the elderly often experience; they may help wheelchair users walk again, or may help navigate the blind. European Institutions, however, acknowledge that human contact is an essential aspect of personal care and that the insertion of robots could dehumanize caring practices. Such instances of human–robot interactions raise the question to what extent the use and development of robots for healthcare applications can challenge the dignity of users. In this article, therefore, we explore how different robot applications in the healthcare domain support individuals in achieving ‘dignity’ or pressure it. We argue that since healthcare robot applications are novel, their associated risks and impacts may be unprecedented and unknown, thus triggering the need for a conceptual instrument that is binding and remains flexible at the same time. In this respect, as safety rules and data protection are often criticized to lack flexibility, and technology ethics to lack enforceability, we suggest human dignity as the overarching governance instrument for robotics, which is the inviolable value upon which all fundamental rights are grounded.
The Family of Peanut Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes and a Functional Analysis of Four ω-3 AhFAD3 Members
Authors: Peng Zhenying , Ruan Jian , Tian Haiying , Shan Lei , Meng Jingjing , Guo Feng , Zhang Zhimeng , Ding Hong , Wan Shubo , Li Xinguo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of α-linolenic acid (ALA) requires the activity of ω-3 fatty acid desaturases (ω-3 FADs). The quality of peanut oil would be much improved if the content of ALA could be increased. A scan of the peanut genome revealed that it harbored 36 FAD genes, mapping to 16 of the species’ 20 chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis concluded that these genes belonged to six sub-families, namely stearoyl-acyl-acyl carrier protein desaturases (SAD), FAD2, FAD3, FAD4/5, FAD6 and FAD7/8. Of these, FAD3 and FAD7/8 encoded ω-3 FADs, while genes belonging to the other four sub-families encoded ω-6 FADs. Based on RNA-Seq data, each of the 36 FAD genes was shown to be transcribed in non-stressed plants, but there was variation between them with respect to which organs they were transcribed in. Four ω-3 AhFAD3 genes were functionally characterized; when expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts, each was localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum, while within peanut, the genes were more strongly transcribed in the developing seed than in either the root or the leaf. When constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, both the total fatty acid content of the seed and the relative contribution of ALA were increased. The transgenic seedlings also exhibited an improved level of survival when challenged by salinity stress.
Looking to relate: teacher gaze and culture in student-rated teacher interpersonal behaviour
Authors: McIntyre Nora A. , Mulder Kees Tim , Mainhard M. Tim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMobile eye-tracking was used to investigate the link between teacher gaze and student-rated teacher interpersonal behaviour. Teacher gaze was recorded for 10 min during a teacher-centred part of a naturally occurring lesson. The Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction was then administered to assess how UK students evaluated their teacher interpersonally in that lesson. Teachers conveyed greater dominance (or interpersonal agency) through increasing eye contact while asking questions (‘attentional gaze’). Teachers conveyed more interpersonal friendliness (or communion) through increasing eye contact while lecturing (‘communicative gaze’). Culture did not affect the way gaze was associated with students’ interpersonal perceptions.
Perioperative treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma
Authors: Rothermundt Christian 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe standard treatment of high-risk localized extremity and trunk soft-tissue sarcoma is wide local excision and radiation therapy, which can be delivered pre- or postoperatively. Improved care for sarcoma patients at expert centres with multidisciplinary tumour boards, specialized pathologists, surgeons, radio-oncologists, and medical oncologists, according to national or international guidelines, has improved outcomes. Yet, a substantial number of patients will experience disease recurrence with metastatic spread and ultimately die from their disease. In many solid tumours neo/adjuvant chemotherapy has become an accepted standard treatment, whereas in soft-tissue sarcoma discussions on the use of cytotoxic therapy in localized and resectable disease are ongoing. Some centres demonstrated the feasibility and now treat with concomitant neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy as standard. Others argue that treatments should be given in the order of the accompanying evidence (surgery → radiotherapy → chemotherapy), which does not take biology of the disease into account and probably attempts to simplify complex decision making processes. It is important to enhance our ability to identify patients at highest risk of recurrence, and to generate data and develop tools to predict which patients will benefit from neo/adjuvant systemic therapy most.
To-Do Is to Be: Foucault, Levinas, and Technologically Mediated Subjectivation
Authors: Bergen Jan Peter , Verbeek Peter-Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe theory of technological mediation aims to take technological artifacts seriously, recognizing the constitutive role they play in how we experience the world, act in it, and how we are constituted as (moral) subjects. Its quest for a compatible ethics has led it to Foucault’s “care of the self,” i.e., a transformation of the self by oneself through self-discipline. In this regard, technologies have been interpreted as power structures to which one can relate through Foucaultian “technologies of the self” or ascetic practices. However, this leaves unexplored how concrete technologies can actuallysupportthe process of self-care. This paper explores this possibility by examining one such technology: a gamified To-Do list app. Doing so, it first shows that despite the apparent straightforwardness of gamification, confrontation and shame play an important role in how the app motivates me to do better. Second, inspired by Ihde’s schema of human-technology relations, it presents different ways in which the app may confront me with myself. Subsequently, it accounts for the motivation and shame that this technologically mediated confrontation with myself invokes through a Levinasian account of ethical subjectivity. In so doing, it also shows how Levinas’ phenomenology implies a responsibility for self-care and how nonhuman, technological others may still call me to responsibility. It concludes with a reflection on the role of gamification in technologically mediated subjectivation and some implications for design.
Local immune depression in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver infected with Contracaecum osculatum
Authors: Marnis H. , Kania P.W. , Syahputra K. , Zuo S. , Buchmann K. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Third-stage larvae of the anisakid nematode Contracaecum osculatum infecting cod (Gadus morhua) liver elicit a host immune response involving both innate and adaptive factors, but the reactions differ between liver and spleen. Inflammatory reactions occur in both liver and spleen, but a series of immune effector genes are downregulated in liver infected with nematodes whereas these genes in spleen from the same fish are upregulated. A series of novel primer and probe sets targeting cod immune responses were developed and applied in a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction set-up to measure the expression of immune-relevant genes in liver and spleen of infected and uninfected cod. In infected liver, 12 of 23 genes were regulated. Genes encoding cytokines associated with inflammatory reactions (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) were significantly upregulated, whereas genes encoding effector molecules, assisting the elimination of pathogens, C-reactive protein (CRP)-PII, hepcidin, lysozyme G1, lysozyme G2, C3 and IgDm, were significantly downregulated. The number of downregulated genes increased with the parasite burden. In spleen, 14 of 23 immune genes showed significant regulation and nine of these were upregulated, including genes encoding CRPI, CRPII, C3, hepcidin and transferrin. The general gene expression level was higher in spleen compared to liver, and although inflammation was induced in nematode-infected liver, the effector molecule genes were depressed, which suggests a worm-induced immune suppression locally in the liver.
Distinct neural mechanisms of emotional processing in prolonged grief disorder
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Andrew Elpiniki , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundProlonged grief disorder (PGD) has recently been recognized as a separate psychiatric diagnosis, despite controversy over the extent to which it is distinctive from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsThis study investigated distinctive neural processes underpinning emotion processing in participants with PGD, PTSD, and MDD with functional magnetic resonance study of 117 participants that included PGD (n = 21), PTSD (n = 45), MDD (n = 26), and bereaved controls (BC) (n = 25). Neural responses were measured across the brain while sad, happy, or neutral faces were presented at both supraliminal and subliminal levels.ResultsPGD had greater activation in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC), bilateral insula, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and right caudate and also greater pgACC–right pallidum connectivity relative to BC during subliminal processing of happy faces. PGD was distinct relative to both PTSD and MDD groups with greater recruitment of the medial orbitofrontal cortex during supraliminal processing of sad faces. PGD were also distinct relative to MDD (but not PTSD) with greater activation in the left amygdala, caudate, and putamen during subliminal presentation of sad faces. There was no distinction between PGD, PTSD, and MDD during processing of happy faces.ConclusionsThese results provide initial evidence of distinct neural profiles of PGD relative to related psychopathological conditions, and highlight activation of neural regions implicated in reward networks. This pattern of findings validates current models of PGD that emphasize the roles of yearning and appetitive processes in PGD.
Surgical repair for aortopulmonary window with interrupted aortic arch in late childhood
Authors: Talwar Sachin , George Niwin , Gupta Saurabh K. , Choudhary Shiv K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAortopulmonary window with interrupted aortic arch is rarely reported beyond infancy. Pre-operative assessment and surgical repair are challenging. We report successful surgical repair of aortopulmonary window with interrupted aortic arch in a 6-year-old girl with near-normal pulmonary artery pressure immediately following surgery.
Sonic Sovereignty: Performing Hopi Authority in Öngtupqa
Authors: REED TREVOR G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, I explore the ways territorial authority or sovereignty emerges from within a particular mode of Indigenous creativity—the creation and performance of Hopi taatawi (traditional songs)—despite the appropriation of Hopi traditional lands by the American settler-state. Hopi territories within Öngtupqa (Grand Canyon) are just a sample of the many places where Indigenous authority, as expressed through sound-based performances, continues to resonate despite the imposition of settler-colonial structures that have either silenced Indigenous performances of authority or severed these places from Indigenous territories. Drawing on the work of Hopi composers and intellectuals, I explore how Hopi musical composition and performance are deeply intertwined with Hopi political philosophy and governance, resulting in a form of sovereignty that is inherently sonic rather than strictly literary or textual in nature. Recognizing that this interconnection between territorial authority and sound production is common across many Indigenous communities, I propose listening to contemporary Indigenous creativity not just as an aesthetic form but as a source of sonic sovereignty.
The Spatial Evolution of Upward Positive Stepped Leaders Initiated From a 356‐m‐Tall Tower in Southern China
Authors: Gao Yan , Chen Mingli , Qin Zilong , Qiu Zongxu , Yang Yuexin , Du Ya‐ping , Wang Shaoyang , Zhang Ge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo initial upward positive leaders (UPLs) in upward negative flashes initiated from a 356‐m‐tall tower were observed with a high‐speed camera, an electric field sensor, and a magnetic field sensor. Although the waveforms of electric fields measured were saturated, both camera images and magnetic fields showed that the two UPLs had obvious stepwise characteristics in their upward moving stage. The magnetic fields associated with the UPLs were characterized by a series of fast‐changing bipolar impulses superimposed on a slowly increasing continuous component as the leaders moved upward, which were well corresponding to the light intensity changes of their high‐speed camera images. The 2‐D step length and step extension speed of the two leaders were estimated in the range of 0.5–3 m and 1.1–9.4 × 105 m/s, respectively. The radius of the leader luminous channel as a function of time and height was also estimated. The channel radius showed first a stable increasing trend in the leader upward moving stage and then 4–5 times of shrinking and expanding processes after the leader connected the cloud. The channel expanding and shrinking speeds were in the range of 2–9 × 104 m/s. Particularly, the channel radius showed an obvious increasing trend with the increase of the height all the time, which was in the range of 2.8–3.5 m when around the tower tip and of 5.6–8.4 m when at 24 m high above the tower tip. Such a feature of the channel radius is in good agreement with the concept of leader corona sheath in literature.
Velocity and density characteristics of subducted oceanic crust and the origin of lower-mantle heterogeneities
Authors: Wang Wenzhong , Xu Yinhan , Sun Daoyuan , Ni Sidao , Wentzcovitch Renata , Wu Zhongqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeismic heterogeneities detected in the lower mantle were proposed to be related to subducted oceanic crust. However, the velocity and density of subducted oceanic crust at lower-mantle conditions remain unknown. Here, we report ab initio results for the elastic properties of calcium ferrite‐type phases and determine the velocities and density of oceanic crust along different mantle geotherms. We find that the subducted oceanic crust shows a large negative shear velocity anomaly at the phase boundary between stishovite and CaCl2-type silica, which is highly consistent with the feature of mid-mantle scatterers. After this phase transition in silica, subducted oceanic crust will be visible as high-velocity heterogeneities as imaged by seismic tomography. This study suggests that the presence of subducted oceanic crust could provide good explanations for some lower-mantle seismic heterogeneities with different length scales except large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs).
Cascading and pulse-like ruptures during the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes in the Eastern California Shear Zone
Authors: Chen Kejie , Avouac Jean-Philippe , Aati Saif , Milliner Chris , Zheng Fu , Shi Chuang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOn July 4 2019, a Mw6.5 earthquake, followed 34 h later by a Mw7.1 event, struck Searles Valley, California. These events are part of a long-lived cluster of historical earthquakes along the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) which started in 1872 and are associated with temporarily elevated strain rates. We find that the Mw6.5 event initiated on a right-lateral NW striking fault and then ruptured a left-lateral fault to the surface. This event triggered right-lateral slip during the Mw7.1 earthquake. It started as a bilateral, crack-like rupture on a segment brought closer to failure by the Mw6.5 event. The rupture evolved to pulse-like as it propagated at a relatively slow velocity (2 km/s) along a segment that was unloaded by the Mw6.5 event. It stopped abruptly at the Coso volcanic area and at the Garlock Fault and brought some neighbouring faults closer to failure.
Transmission of tauopathy strains is independent of their isoform composition
Authors: He Zhuohao , McBride Jennifer D. , Xu Hong , Changolkar Lakshmi , Kim Soo-jung , Zhang Bin , Narasimhan Sneha , Gibbons Garrett S. , Guo Jing L. , Kozak Michael , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Trojanowski John Q. , Lee Virginia M. -Y. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe deposition of pathological tau is a common feature in several neurodegenerative tauopathies. Although equal ratios of tau isoforms with 3 (3R) and 4 (4R) microtubule-binding repeats are expressed in the adult human brain, the pathological tau from different tauopathies have distinct isoform compositions and cell type specificities. The underlying mechanisms of tauopathies are unknown, partially due to the lack of proper models. Here, we generate a new transgenic mouse line expressing equal ratios of 3R and 4R human tau isoforms (6hTau mice). Intracerebral injections of distinct human tauopathy brain-derived tau strains into 6hTau mice recapitulate the deposition of pathological tau with distinct tau isoform compositions and cell type specificities as in human tauopathies. Moreover, through in vivo propagation of these tau strains among different mouse lines, we demonstrate that the transmission of distinct tau strains is independent of strain isoform compositions, but instead intrinsic to unique pathological conformations.
Distinction between pristine and disorder-perturbed charge density waves in ZrTe3
Authors: Yue Li , Xue Shangjie , Li Jiarui , Hu Wen , Barbour Andi , Zheng Feipeng , Wang Lichen , Feng Ji , Wilkins Stuart B. , Mazzoli Claudio , Comin Riccardo , Li Yuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCharge density waves (CDWs) in the cuprate high-temperature superconductors have evoked much interest, yet their typical short-range nature has raised questions regarding the role of disorder. Here we report a resonant X-ray diffraction study of ZrTe$${}_{3}$$

3

, a model CDW system, with focus on the influence of disorder. Near the CDW transition temperature, we observe two independent signals that arise concomitantly, only to become clearly separated in momentum while developing very different correlation lengths in the well-ordered state that is reached at a distinctly lower temperature. Anomalously slow dynamics of mesoscopic charge domains are further found near the transition temperature, in spite of the expected strong thermal fluctuations. Our observations signify the presence of distinct experimental fingerprints of pristine and disorder-perturbed CDWs. We discuss the latter also in the context of Friedel oscillations, which we argue might promote CDW formation via a self-amplifying process.
Selecting likely causal risk factors from high-throughput experiments using multivariable Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zuber Verena , Colijn Johanna Maria , Klaver Caroline , Burgess Stephen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModern high-throughput experiments provide a rich resource to investigate causal determinants of disease risk. Mendelian randomization (MR) is the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer the causal effect of a specific risk factor on an outcome. Multivariable MR is an extension of the standard MR framework to consider multiple potential risk factors in a single model. However, current implementations of multivariable MR use standard linear regression and hence perform poorly with many risk factors. Here, we propose a two-sample multivariable MR approach based on Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) that scales to high-throughput experiments. In a realistic simulation study, we show that MR-BMA can detect true causal risk factors even when the candidate risk factors are highly correlated. We illustrate MR-BMA by analysing publicly-available summarized data on metabolites to prioritise likely causal biomarkers for age-related macular degeneration.
Cryopolymerization enables anisotropic polyaniline hybrid hydrogels with superelasticity and highly deformation-tolerant electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Li Le , Zhang Yu , Lu Hengyi , Wang Yufeng , Xu Jingsan , Zhu Jixin , Zhang Chao , Liu Tianxi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of energy storage devices that can endure large and complex deformations is central to emerging wearable electronics. Hydrogels made from conducting polymers give rise to a promising integration of high conductivity and versatility in processing. However, the emergence of conducting polymer hydrogels with a desirable network structure cannot be readily achieved using conventional polymerization methods. Here we present a cryopolymerization strategy for preparing an intrinsically stretchable, compressible and bendable anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol/polyaniline hydrogel with a complete recovery of 100% stretching strain, 50% compressing strain and fully bending. Due to its high mechanical strength, superelastic properties and bi-continuous phase structure, the as-obtained anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol/polyaniline hydrogel can work as a stretching/compressing/bending electrode, maintaining its stable output under complex deformations for an all-solid-state supercapacitor. In particular, it achieves an extremely high energy density of 27.5 W h kg−1, which is among that of state-of-the-art stretchable supercapacitors.
U1 snRNP regulates cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro
Authors: Oh Jung-Min , Venters Christopher C. , Di Chao , Pinto Anna Maria , Wan Lili , Younis Ihab , Cai Zhiqiang , Arai Chie , So Byung Ran , Duan Jingqi , Dreyfuss Gideon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStimulated cells and cancer cells have widespread shortening of mRNA 3’-untranslated regions (3’UTRs) and switches to shorter mRNA isoforms due to usage of more proximal polyadenylation signals (PASs) in introns and last exons. U1 snRNP (U1), vertebrates’ most abundant non-coding (spliceosomal) small nuclear RNA, silences proximal PASs and its inhibition with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (U1 AMO) triggers widespread premature transcription termination and mRNA shortening. Here we show that low U1 AMO doses increase cancer cells’ migration and invasion in vitro by up to 500%, whereas U1 over-expression has the opposite effect. In addition to 3’UTR length, numerous transcriptome changes that could contribute to this phenotype are observed, including alternative splicing, and mRNA expression levels of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors. These findings reveal an unexpected role for U1 homeostasis (available U1 relative to transcription) in oncogenic and activated cell states, and suggest U1 as a potential target for their modulation.