bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convection‐permitting modelling improves simulated precipitation over the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Puxi , Furtado Kalli , Zhou Tianjun , Chen Haoming , Li Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) plays an essential role in influencing the global climate, and precipitation is one of its most important water‐cycle components. However, accurately simulating precipitation over the TP is a long‐standing challenge. In this study, a convection‐permitting model (CPM; with 4 km grid spacing) that covers the entire TP was conducted and compared to two mesoscale models (MSMs; with model horizontal resolutions of 13 and 35 km) over the course of a summer. The results showed that the two MSMs have notable wet biases over the TP and can overestimate the summer precipitation by more than 4.0 mm·day−1 in some parts of the Three Rivers Source region. Moreover, both MSMs have more frequent light rainfall; increasing horizontal resolution of the MSMs alone does not reduce the excessive precipitation. Further investigation reveals that the MSMs have a spurious early‐afternoon rainfall peak, which can be linked to a strong dependence on convective available potential energy (CAPE) that dominates the wet biases. Herein, we highlight that the sensitivity of CAPE to surface temperatures may cause the MSMs to have a spurious hydrological response to surface warming. Users of climate projections should be aware of this potential model uncertainty when investigating future hydrological changes over the TP. In comparison, the CPM removes the spurious afternoon rainfall and thus significantly reduces the wet bias simulated by the MSMs. In addition, the CPM also better depicts the precipitation frequency and intensity, and is therefore a promising tool for dynamic downscaling over the TP.
Epoxidation of propylene by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by the silanol‐functionalized polyoxometalates‐supported ferrate: Electronic structure, bonding feature, and reaction mechanism
Authors: Chu Yun‐Jie , Sun Gang , Yang Chun‐Hua , Chen Xue‐Mei , Liu Chun‐Guang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as clean oxidant, has been disregarded due to its low efficiency and selectivity for the oxidation of olefins. In the present paper, the redox‐important ferrate anion (FeO42−) has been anchored to a silanol‐decorated polyoxometalates (POM) to form a single site‐supported Fe‐POM catalyst. Possible reaction mechanisms for the epoxidation of propylene with H2O2 catalyzed by the Fe‐POM catalyst have been investigated based on density functional theory with the M06L functional. The study of molecular geometry, electronic structure, and bonding feature shows that the Fe‐POM complex can be viewed as a high‐valent Fe‐oxo (FeO) species. The propylene molecule was activated by the Fe‐POM catalyst via an effective electron transfer from propylene to the Fe‐POM catalyst to form a cation propylene radical. Due to the high reactivity of radical species, the calculated activation energy barrier is only 4.50 kcal mol−1 for epoxidation of propylene to epoxypropane catalyzed by the Fe‐POM catalyst. Subsequently, the calculated free energy profiles show that H2O2 was decomposed into a H2O molecule and a surface O species over the Fe‐POM catalyst, and the remaining O atom attaches to the exposed Fe center, resulting in the replenishing of the Fe‐POM catalyst via a two‐state reaction pathway. The calculated activation energy barrier for this process is 23.42 kcal mol−1, and thus, decomposition of H2O2 is the rate‐determining step for the whole reaction. The Fe center serves as an electron acceptor, accepting electrons from the binding propylene molecule to form radical species in the first half of the reaction and, in the role of electron donor in the remaining reaction steps to eliminate the radical feature, reduces the reactivity and stops the reaction at the stage of the desired epoxypropane product.
Drug screening platform using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes and optical mapping
Authors: Gunawan Marvin G. , Sangha Sarabjit S. , Shafaattalab Sanam , Lin Eric , Heims-Waldron Danielle A. , Bezzerides Vassilios J. , Laksman Zachary , Tibbits Glen F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Current drug development efforts for the treatment of atrial fibrillation are hampered by the fact that many preclinical models have been unsuccessful in reproducing human cardiac physiology and its response to medications. In this study, we demonstrated an approach using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-aCMs and hiPSC-vCMs, respectively) coupled with a sophisticated optical mapping system for drug screening of atrial-selective compounds in vitro. We optimized differentiation of hiPSC-aCMs by modulating the WNT and retinoid signaling pathways. Characterization of the transcriptome and proteome revealed that retinoic acid pushes the differentiation process into the atrial lineage and generated hiPSC-aCMs. Functional characterization using optical mapping showed that hiPSC-aCMs have shorter action potential durations and faster Ca2+ handling dynamics compared with hiPSC-vCMs. Furthermore, pharmacological investigation of hiPSC-aCMs captured atrial-selective effects by displaying greater sensitivity to atrial-selective compounds 4-aminopyridine, AVE0118, UCL1684, and vernakalant when compared with hiPSC-vCMs. These results established that a model system incorporating hiPSC-aCMs combined with optical mapping is well-suited for preclinical drug screening of novel and targeted atrial selective compounds.
Effect of Konjac Glucomannan on Gelatinization, Retrogradation, and Gelling Properties of Frozen Wheat Starch
Authors: Guo Jinying , Wang Chengyan , Liu Changying , Wang Ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKonjac glucomannan (KGM), a neutral hydrocolloid, is an important food additive used in many European and Asian countries. In this study, the effects of KGM on the gelatinization and retrogradation of frozen wheat starch are investigated. The effect of the addition of KGM on the freeze‐thaw stability and the textural and rheological properties of the starch gel are also examined. It is found that while KGM significantly reduces the pasting temperature, it increases the pasting viscosity, breakdown value, and setback value of frozen starch. The retrogradation and syneresis of the starch gel are inhibited after the addition of KGM. This dramatically improves the freeze‐thaw stability of the starch gel. At the same time, the viscosity and fluidity of the starch gel are increased, and its pseudoplasticity is reduced due to the addition of KGM. After comparing with the control experiment, it is found that the hardness of the KGM added starch gel is reduced and reaches a minimum at 1.5% and 2.5% of KGM addition. Based on the evaluation of these parameters, it is established that KGM is very useful for improving the quality of frozen starch gel.
Aseismic study of the frame structure with hanging prefabricated infill plate
Authors: Zhang Wenxue , Tian Yuhao , Chen Ying , Fei Kai 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe previous seismic disaster indicates that the traditional masonry infill wall was easy damaged during earthquake. The traditional masonry infill wall not only increases the load of the main structure but also injures people during collapsing. So a new aseismic structure system with hanging prefabricated infill plate was proposed. The dynamical characteristic of frame structure with hanging prefabricated infill plate was analyzed. By simplifying the hanging prefabricated infill plate as a rigid bar, the free vibration equation of aseismic structure system with hanging prefabricated infill plate was established. Furthermore, the influence of main parameters on the natural frequency of the whole aseismic structure system with hanging prefabricated infill plate was discussed. Through the vibration table test and finite element simulation, the aseismic effect of hanging prefabricated infill plate was studied. The influence factors and application conditions of aseismic structure system with hanging prefabricated infill plate were discussed.
Adversarial risk analysis: An overview
Authors: Banks David , Gallego Víctor , Naveiro Roi , Ríos Insua David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdversarial risk analysis (ARA) is a relatively new area of research that informs decision‐making when facing intelligent opponents and uncertain outcomes. It is a decision‐theoretic alternative to game theory. ARA enables an analyst to express her Bayesian beliefs about an opponent's utilities, capabilities, probabilities, and the type of strategic calculations that the opponent is using to make his decision. Within that framework, the analyst then solves the problem from the perspective of the opponent. This calculation produces a distribution over the actions of the opponent that permits the analyst to maximize her expected utility. This review covers conceptual, modeling, computational, and applied issues in ARA as well as interesting open research issues.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Applications of Computational Statistics > Defense and National Security
Post-transitional Demography and Convergence: What Can We Learn from Half a Century of World Population Prospects?
Authors: Castiglioni Maria , Dalla-Zuanna Gianpiero , Tanturri Maria Letizia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAfter the Demographic Transition, convergence towards similar fertility and mortality levels, is the prevailing hypothesis in UN World Population Prospects Revisions. This chapter questions this assumption of “weak convergence” comparing actual data with the forecasted fertility, mortality, and migration trends computed by UN over the last half century. The “weak convergence” during 1985–2015 is not confirmed in countries that had a Total Fertility Rate below 2.5 children per woman before 1985. Moreover, in the period 2000–2015 the differences between groups of homogeneous countries actually increase. Further research can identify new regularities in order to predict future trends more accurately.
Projecting Proportionate Age–Specific Fertility Rates via Bayesian Skewed Processes
Authors: Aliverti Emanuele , Durante Daniele , Scarpa Bruno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFertility rates show dynamically–varying shapes when modeled as a function of the age at delivery. We incorporate this behavior under a novel Bayesian approach for dynamic modeling of proportionate age–specific fertility rates via skewed processes. The model assumes a skew–normal distribution for the age at the moment of childbirth, while allowing the location and the skewness parameters to evolve in time via Gaussian processes priors. Posterior inference is performed via Monte Carlo methods, leveraging results on unified skew–normal distributions. The proposed approach is illustrated on Italian age–specific fertility rates from 1991 to 2014, providing forecasts until 2030.
Prognostic Utility of the Glasgow Prognostic Score for the Long‐Term Outcomes After Liver Resection for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multi‐institutional Study
Authors: Sui Kenta , Okabayashi Takehiro , Umeda Yuzo , Oishi Masahiro , Kojima Toru , Sato Daisuke , Endo Yoshikatsu , Ota Tetsuya , Hioki Katsuyoshi , Inagaki Masaru , Matsuda Tadakazu , Hirai Ryuji , Kimura Masashi , Yagi Takahito , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe usefulness of the modified Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) as a prognostic tool remains unclear for patients undergoing curative surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Therefore, this study investigated the prognostic usefulness of the GPS for patients who underwent ICC surgery.MethodAll ICC patients who had a curative‐intent hepatectomy at 17 institutions between 2000 and 2016 were included. The correlation was assessed between the preoperative GPS and the baseline characteristics of the patients, histopathological parameters, surgical parameters, and the postresection overall survival (OS).ResultThere were 273 patients who met the eligibility criteria between the years 2000 and 2016. The postoperative OS rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 83.8%, 56.3%, and 41.5%, respectively (median OS, 47.7 months). A multivariate analysis revealed the factors that were associated with a worse OS, which included an increased GPS (hazard ratio = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.53; P = 0.03), an elevated carcinoembryonic antigen level (hazard ratio = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.06–2.41; P = 0.02), an elevated carbohydrate antigen 19–9 level (hazard ratio = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.05–2.30; P = 0.03), undifferentiated carcinoma (hazard ratio = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.56–3.67; P < 0.01), and positive metastasis to the lymph nodes (hazard ratio = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.76–3.67; P < 0.01). In ICC patients after a hepatectomy, an elevated GPS was associated with poorer OS, even if the tumour factors that affected GPS were eliminated by propensity‐score matching.ConclusionPreoperative GPS can be useful to predict the postoperative outcomes of ICC patients. Therefore, this relatively simple and inexpensive scoring system can be utilized to further refine patient stratification as well as to predict survival.
Practical applications of deep learning: classifying the most common categories of plain radiographs in a PACS using a neural network
Authors: Dratsch Thomas , Korenkov Michael , Zopfs David , Brodehl Sebastian , Baessler Bettina , Giese Daniel , Brinkmann Sebastian , Maintz David , Pinto dos Santos Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The goal of the present study was to classify the most common types of plain radiographs using a neural network and to validate the network’s performance on internal and external data. Such a network could help improve various radiological workflows.

Methods
All radiographs from the year 2017 (n = 71,274) acquired at our institution were retrieved from the PACS. The 30 largest categories (n = 58,219, 81.7% of all radiographs performed in 2017) were used to develop and validate a neural network (MobileNet v1.0) using transfer learning. Image categories were extracted from DICOM metadata (study and image description) and mapped to the WHO manual of diagnostic imaging. As an independent, external validation set, we used images from other institutions that had been stored in our PACS (n = 5324).

Results
In the internal validation, the overall accuracy of the model was 90.3% (95%CI: 89.2–91.3%), whereas, for the external validation set, the overall accuracy was 94.0% (95%CI: 93.3–94.6%).

Conclusions
Using data from one single institution, we were able to classify the most common categories of radiographs with a neural network. The network showed good generalizability on the external validation set and could be used to automatically organize a PACS, preselect radiographs so that they can be routed to more specialized networks for abnormality detection or help with other parts of the radiological workflow (e.g., automated hanging protocols; check if ordered image and performed image are the same). The final AI algorithm is publicly available for evaluation and extension.

Key Points
• Data from one single institution can be used to train a neural network for the correct detection of the 30 most common categories of plain radiographs.
• The trained model achieved a high accuracy for the majority of categories and showed good generalizability to images from other institutions.
• The neural network is made publicly available and can be used to automatically organize a PACS or to preselect radiographs so that they can be routed to more specialized neural networks for abnormality detection.
Surgical resection does not avoid the risk of diverticulitis recurrence—a systematic review of risk factors
Authors: Longchamp Gregoire , Abbassi Ziad , Meyer Jeremy , Toso Christian , Buchs Nicolas C. , Ris Frederic 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeFifteen percent of patients undergoing elective sigmoidectomy will present a diverticulitis recurrence, which is associated with significant costs and morbidity. We aimed to systematically review the risk factors associated with recurrence after elective sigmoidectomy.MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for studies published until May 1, 2020. Original studies were included if (i) they included patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease, (ii) they reported postoperative recurrent diverticulitis, and (iii) they analyzed ≥ 1 variable associated with recurrence. The primary outcome was the risk factors for recurrence of diverticulitis after sigmoidectomy.ResultsFrom the 1463 studies initially screened, six studies were included. From the 1062 patients included, 62 patients recurred (5.8%), and six variables were associated with recurrence. Two were preoperative: age (HR = 0.96,p= 0.02) and irritable bowel syndrome (33.3% with recurrenceversus12.1% without recurrence,p= 0.02). Two were operative factors: uncomplicated recurrent diverticulitis as indication for surgery (73.3% with recurrenceversus49.9% without recurrence,p= 0.049) and anastomotic level (colorectal: HR = 11.4,p= 0.02, or colosigmoid: OR = 4,p= 0.033). Two were postoperative variables: the absence of active diverticulitis on pathology (39.6% with recurrenceversus26.6% without recurrence) and persistence of postoperative pain (HR = 4.8,p< 0.01).ConclusionIdentification of preoperative variables that predict the occurrence of diverticulitis recurrence should help surgical decision-making for elective sigmoidectomy, while peri- and postoperative factors should be taken into account for optimal patient follow-up.
Association between constitution, axiography, analysis of dental casts, and postural control in women aged between 41 and 50 years
Authors: Ohlendorf Daniela , Fay V. , Avaniadi I. , Erbe C. , Wanke E. M. , Groneberg D. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anamnestic, axiographic and occlusal parameters and postural control in healthy women aged between 41 and 50 years.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 female participants aged between 41 and 50 (45.12 ± 2.96) years participated in the study. In addition to completing a general anamnesis questionnaire, lower jaw movements were measured axiographically, dental occlusion parameters were determined using a model analysis and postural parameters were recorded using a pressure measurement platform. The significance level was 5%.

Results
An increasing weight and a rising BMI lead to a weight shifted from the rearfoot (p ≤ 0.01/0.04) to the forefoot (p ≤ 0.01/0.02). A limited laterotrusion on the right resulted in a lower forefoot load and an increased rearfoot load (p ≤ 0.01). Laterotrusion to the left (extended above the standard) showed a lower frontal sway (p ≤ 0.02) and a reduced elliptical area, height and width (p ≤ 0.01, 0.02, 0.03). Thus, the extent of deviation correlated with reduced right forefoot loading (p ≤ 0.03) and the extent of deflection correlated with increased left foot loading (p ≤ 0.01). The higher the extent of angle class II malocclusion, the larger the ellipse area (p ≤ 0.04) and the ellipse height (p ≤ 0.02) resulted.

Conclusions
There is a connection between weight, BMI and laterotrusion, as well as between angle class II malocclusion and postural control in women aged between 41 and 50 years. Interdisciplinary functional examinations of mandibular movements treating possible limitations can be conducive for an improvement of postural control.

Clinical relevance
Angle class II malocclusion has a negative influence on postural control.
Performance of parallel-in-time integration for Rayleigh Bénard convection
Authors: Clarke Andrew , Davies Chris , Ruprecht Daniel , Tobias Steven , Oishi Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) is a fundamental problem of fluid dynamics, with many applications to geophysical, astrophysical, and industrial flows. Understanding RBC at parameter regimes of interest requires complex physical or numerical experiments. Numerical simulations require large amounts of computational resources; in order to more efficiently use the large numbers of processors now available in large high performance computing clusters, novel parallelisation strategies are required. To this end, we investigate the performance of the parallel-in-time algorithm Parareal when used in numerical simulations of RBC. We present the first parallel-in-time speedups for RBC simulations at finite Prandtl number. We also investigate the problem of convergence of Parareal with respect to statistical numerical quantities, such as the Nusselt number, and discuss the importance of reliable online stopping criteria in these cases.
The Influence of Physiological and Psychological Learning Mechanisms in Neurofeedback vs. Mental Imagery Against Binge Eating
Authors: Schmidt Jennifer , Martin Alexandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn biofeedback research, the debate on physiological versus psychological learning has a long tradition and is still relevant today, regarding new developments of biofeedback for behavior modification. Analyzing the role of these learning mechanisms may help improving the protocols and answer the question, whether feedback of physiological functions is necessary to modify a target behavior. We explored the presence and impact of physiological (EEG changes) versus psychological learning (changes in somatic self-efficacy) in a recently developed EEG neurofeedback protocol for binge eating. The protocol targets a reduction of food-cue induced cortical arousal through regulation of EEG high beta activity. In an experimental study accompanying a randomized controlled trial, pre and post treatment EEG measurements were analyzed in a neurofeedback group (n = 18) and an active mental imagery control group without physiological feedback (n = 18). Physiological learning in terms of EEG high beta reduction only occurred in the neurofeedback group. Post treatment, participants with successfully reduced binge eating episodes (≥ 50% reduction) showed lower EEG high beta activity than unsuccessful participants (p = .02) after neurofeedback, but not after mental imagery. Further, lower EEG high beta activity at post-treatment predicted fewer binge eating episodes in neurofeedback only. In mental imagery, somatic self-efficacy predicted treatment success instead of EEG activity. Altogether, the results indicate that physiological changes serve as a specific treatment mechanism in neurofeedback against binge eating. Reducing cortical arousal may improve eating behaviors and corresponding neurofeedback techniques should therefore be considered in future treatments.