bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crise de modernisation associative : la dimension institutionnelle oubliée
Authors: Vincenot Delphine 
Published: December 2020

Le phénomène associatif français, aux objets éclectiques, est unifié par ses obligations statutaires, régies par la loi du 1 er juillet 1901. Depuis quelques décennies, les organisations de ce tiers-secteur, par analogie au service public et au secteur marchand, doivent inévitablement se professionnaliser. L’article étudie la dimension institutionnelle associative à travers la crise de modernisation d’une association de coopération internationale. Il montre que la logique instituante, qui préside à la création d’une association, est mise à mal par l’imposition de changements gestionnaires visant à sa sécurisation financière. Ceux-ci disqualifient la dimension symbolique des pratiques et du fonctionnement du collectif. L’analyse d’approche clinique du processus critique dévoile la centralité d’une dimension institutionnelle associative fondée sur un triple axiome : solidarité, démocratie et non-lucrativité.
Travailler à faire (ré)émerger des collectifs
Authors: Bompard Vincent , Gaillard Georges , Benarab Khedidja 
Published: December 2020

Les profondes transformations contemporaines des organisations institutionnelles nous conduisent à nous rendre attentifs à la manière dont les fonctions instituantes peuvent être garanties dans ce contexte de mutations et permettre la continuité de l’investissement de la « tâche primaire ». L’extension du libéralisme dans le champ des pratiques du soin met en péril les agencements groupaux d’équipes potentialisant leurs fragilités narcissiques et leurs paradoxes mortifères. Les auteurs se proposent d’interroger ces mouvements à partir d’une intervention d’« analyse institutionnelle » dans une institution de soin. Cette intervention conduite à plusieurs vise dès lors à maintenir vivant entre professionnels d’une institution ce que produit la vie psychique groupale, de travailler à faire (ré)émerger un ou des collectifs institutionnels par le passage par la conflictualisation et la métaphorisation afin de réouvrir du futur.
L’artisanat de l’analyse de la pratique face aux mutations actuelles du travail social. De l’emprise transférentielle au risque de la fétichisation
Authors: Payet Julien , Gomez Sarah 
Published: December 2020

Les fantasmes de toute-puissance et d’impuissance traversent les métiers de l’aide. Face à ces risques d’emprise du professionnel sur l’usager et ses dérives potentiellement fétichisées, le dispositif « analyse de la pratique » peut répéter ces mouvements aliénants et favoriser un dessaisissement créatif. Cet article présente une figuration possible de ces enjeux au travers de trois représentations ; partisan, artison et artisan, et les articule aux effets désinstitutionnalisants actuels du champ social. Ceux-ci entraînent des distorsions qui instituent une forme d’ emprise transférentielle , isolant le professionnel dans un rôle d’expert, illusoirement savant, inféodé aux « bonnes pratiques professionnelles ». Cet article soutient l’idée que le bricolage artisanal en analyse de la pratique offre un réarrimage au collectif, favorise le travail de culture ainsi qu’une maîtrise suffisante d’un art professionnel réflexif.
La nouvelle gestion publique et la prévention de la corruption : rupture ou continuité ?
Authors: Wickberg Sofia 
Published: December 2020

Cet article compare deux programmes de réforme de l’État promus par les institutions internationales (principalement Banque mondiale et OCDE) à l’orée du xx e siècle : la nouvelle gestion publique et la lutte contre la corruption, et interroge les rapports qui existent entre eux, à partir d’une analyse des archives de ces organisations et d’entretiens avec des fonctionnaires internationaux. Aborder ces programmes de réforme sous un angle cognitif, tout en tenant compte des instruments d’action publique qui cristallisent ces idées en actions, permet de comprendre où ces programmes de réformes développés et diffusés par des institutions internationales se recoupent et où ils s’éloignent. Cette double approche permet de montrer que, malgré un discours de différenciation, les programmes de prévention de la corruption (notamment par la promotion de l’éthique publique) sont souvent présentés comme une réponse aux dérives et omissions de la nouvelle gestion publique – la première est pourtant bien l’héritière de la seconde, reproduisant le même appareillage théorique du Public Choice et des outils néo-managériaux similaires en vue d’atteindre un objectif nouveau.
Les citoyens face à la corruption : acteurs moraux ou tolérants ?
Authors: Dreyfus Françoise 
Published: December 2020

La corruption des élus serait selon les enquêtes d’opinion l’une des sources de la défiance du public à l’égard de la politique. La mesure de la corruption établie par l’indice de Transparency International rend compte de l’opinion d’experts et non pas de celle des citoyens ordinaires ; ces derniers, qui n’ont pas d’expérience vécue en tant que victimes de ce phénomène, ne le perçoivent qu’à travers les médias et le scandale qu’il provoque quelquefois grâce aux lanceurs d’alerte. Paradoxalement, bien que les électeurs portent majoritairement un jugement moral négatif sur les pratiques corrompues des élus, ils votent pour ceux qui procurent avantages et faveurs même lorsqu’ils ont fait l’objet de condamnations.
Le gouvernement Macron et les nouveaux technos
Authors: Behr Valentin , Michon Sébastien 
Published: December 2020

À partir d’une étude prosopographique des trajectoires professionnelles et politiques des ministres de la V e République (1986-2018), cet article met en perspective le renouvellement politique marqué par l’élection d’Emmanuel Macron à la présidence de la République. Les ministres du Gouvernement formé en 2017 ont passé globalement moins de temps en politique que leurs prédécesseurs et ont été moins souvent élus. Cependant, il ne s’agit pas de nouveaux venus en politique, car ils ont été plus souvent membres de cabinets ministériels. Les ministres d’Emmanuel Macron apparaissent surtout comme des technocrates d’un nouveau genre, ayant cumulé les expériences au sein de la haute administration et dans le secteur privé.
Inequalities on partial traces of positive semidefinite block matrices
Authors: Fu Xiaohui , Lau Pan-Shun , Tam Tin-Yau 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInequalities on partial traces of positive semidefinite matrices are studied. Extensions of several existing inequalities on the determinant of partial traces are then obtained. Particularly, we improve a determinantal inequality given by Lin [Canad. Math. Bull. 59(2016)].
Effects of health education on HIV/AIDS related knowledge among first year university students in China
Authors: Liu Yan , Lu Li , Yuan Wang Yuan , R Wilkinson Meredith , Ren Yan-Ming , Wang Chao-Cai , Zhang Fa-Bin , Gao Jie , Liu Shou 
Published: December 2020

Background: The number of new HIV infections has increased and implementation of school-based health education programs on AIDS have been advocated for a long time.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of an intervention of HIV/AIDS on the knowledge of HIV/ AIDS prevention and control among first year university students.
Methods: An awareness questionnaire was adopted to assess awareness and knowledge of HIV/AIDS pre- and post-health education among first year university students in Qinghai, China. Independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used.
Results: A total of 2,165 and 2,062 first year university students were respectively recruited pre- and post- HIV/AIDS health education. The awareness rate increased significantly after the health education intervention (from 48.59%, 95%CI: 46.47%-50.72% to 76.24%, 95%CI: 74.35%-78.06%). Students from Hui and Tibetan ethnicities, and those holding prej- udices against AIDS patients were less knowledgeable than their counterparts regarding HIV/AIDS related knowledge, whereas urban-dwellers and those with higher paternal education were positively associated with awareness of HIV/AIDS related knowledge (p <0.05).
Conclusion: HIV/AIDS awareness among first year university students improved greatly after receiving an education inter- vention, which underscores its utility as part of the approaches of HIV/AIDS control and prevention.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS knowledge; awareness; health education; university students; China.
Antibiotic prescribing practices in three neonatology units in Kigali, Rwanda. – an observational study
Authors: Thomas Cartledge Peter , Shofel Ruzibuka Fidel , Rutagarama Florent , Rutare Samuel , Rogo Tanya 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: There is limited published data on antibiotic use in neonatal units in resource-poor settings.
Objectives: This study sought to describe antibiotic prescribing practices in three neonatology units in Kigali, Rwanda.
Methods: A multi-center, cross-sectional study conducted in two tertiary and one urban district hospital in Kigali, Rwan- da. Participants were neonates admitted in neonatology who received a course of antibiotics during their admission. Data collected included risk factors for neonatal sepsis, clinical signs, symptoms, investigations for neonatal sepsis, antibiotics prescribed, and the number of deaths in the included cohort.
Results: 126 neonates were enrolled with 42 from each site. Prematurity (38%) followed by membrane rupture more than 18 hours (25%) were the main risk factors for neonatal sepsis. Ampicillin and Gentamicin (85%) were the most commonly used first-line antibiotics for suspected neonatal sepsis. Most neonates (87%) did not receive a second-line antibiotic. Cefotaxime (11%), was the most commonly used second-line antibiotic. The median duration of antibiotic use was four days in all sur- viving neonates (m=113). In neonates with negative blood culture and normal C-reactive protein (CRP), the median duration of antibiotics was 3.5 days; and for neonates, with positive blood cultures, the median duration was 11 days. Thirteen infants died (10%) at all three sites, with no significant difference between the sites.
Conclusion: The median antibiotic duration for neonates with normal lab results exceeded the recommended duration mandated by the national neonatal protocol. We recommend the development of antibiotic stewardship programs in neo- natal units in Rwanda to prevent the adverse effects which may be caused by inappropriate or excessive use of antibiotics.
Keywords: (MeSH): Antimicrobial stewardship; anti-bacterial agents; neonatal sepsis; sepsis; infant mortality; neonatal intensive care units; Africa; Rwanda.
Improved antimalarial activity of caprol-based nanostructured lipid carriers encapsulating artemether-lumefantrine for oral administration
Authors: Achile Akpa Paul , Abuchi Ugwuoke Joseph , Amaechi Attama Anthony , Nnenna Ugwu Chinenye , Nneoma Ezeibe Ezinwanne , Audu Momoh Mumuni , Chidiebere Echezona Adaeze , Chimaobi Kenechukwu Franklin 
Published: December 2020

Background: Artemether and lumefantrine display low aqueous solubility leading to poor release profile; hence the need for the use of lipid-based systems to improve their oral bioavailability so as to improve their therapeutic efficacy.
Aim and objective: The objective of this work was to utilize potentials of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for im- provement of the oral bioavailability of artemether and lumefantrine combination and to evaluate its efficacy in the treat- ment of malaria. This study reports a method of formulation, characterization and evaluation of the therapeutic efficacies of caprol-based NLC delivery systems with artemether and lumefantrine.
Method: The artemether-lumefantrine co-loaded NLCs were prepared using the lipid matrix (5% w/w) (containing beeswax and Phospholipon® 90H and Caprol-PGE 860), artemether (0.1%w/w) and lumefantrine (0.6%w/w), sorbitol (4%w/w), Tween® 80( 2%w/was surfactant) and distilled water (q.s to 100%) by high shear homogenization and evaluated for phys- icochemical performance. The in vivo antimalarial activities of the NLC were tested in chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium berghei (NK-65) using Peter´s 4-day suppressive protocol in mice and compared with controls. Histopathological studies were also carried out on major organs implicated in malaria.
Results: The NLC showed fairly polydispersed nano-sized formulation (z-average:188.6 nm; polydispersity index, PDI=0.462) with no major interaction occurring between the components while the in vivo study showed a gradual but sus- tained drug release from the NLC compared with that seen with chloroquine sulphate and Coartem®. Results of histopatho- logical investigations also revealed more organ damage with the untreated groups than groups treated with the formulations.
Conclusion: This study has shown the potential of caprol-based NLCs for significant improvement in oral bioavailability and hence antimalarial activity of poorly soluble artemether and lumefantrine. Importantly, this would improve patient com- pliance due to decrease in dosing frequency as a sustained release formulation.
Keywords: Nanostructured lipid carriers; artemether-lumefantrine; malaria; Caprol.
The prevalence of hypertension and influencing factors among the employees of a university hospital
Authors: Kurtul Seher , Kaya Ak Funda , Türk Meral 
Published: December 2020

Background: Hypertension is a serious disease with increasing worldwide prevalence, leading to life-threatening complica- tions.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a university hospital. The Occupational Health and Safety Unit data concerning the health examinations of employees were used to determine the prevalence of hypertension in a university hospital and to define the relationship between hypertension and sociodemographic and occupational parameters. Logistic regression analyses were performed for the variables having a significant association with high blood pressure.
Results: The data generated during the periodic examination of 3,480 (92%) of all employees (3,780) were analyzed. The prevalence of hypertension was 14.8%. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 13.5%, 13.9%, and 23.7% among physicians, non-physician healthcare personnel and officers respectively. The logistic regression model revealed a statistically significant correlation between hypertension and male gender, age and BMI.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was highest among staff members. Special programs would facilitate the diagnosis, control, and prevention of high blood pressure among the high-risk groups, especially men, the elderly and the obese hospital employees.
Keywords: Hypertension; hospital; health care worker.
The relationship between epicardial fat thickness and high-grade varicocele
Authors: Sincer Isa , Erdal Emrah , Gucuk Adnan , Bostancı Emre , Gunes Yilmaz 
Published: December 2020

Background: Varicocele is abnormal dilation of testis veins. The precise mechanism of varicocele is not fully understood despite some hypothesis were suggested in the literature. Disequilibrium between constrictor and dilatator mechanism of the veins have been shown to cause varicocele. High-grade varicoceles have been also linked to endothelial dysfunction and increased vasoconstriction.
Objectives: We hypothesized that epicardial fat thickness (EFT), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and aortic stiffness (AS) could be associated with varicocele. In the present study, we aimed to compare vascular parameters such as FMD, EFT and AS in healthy subjects and high-grade varicocele patients.
Methods: The study population consisted of 35 men with high-grade varicocele and 32 age- and sex-matched control subjects younger than 45 years old. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital between May to October 2018.
Results: EFT, aortic diastolic diameters (AoDD) and EFT/BMI ratio were significantly higher in control group than in pa- tients with high-grade (p=0.012, p=0.044, p=0.026, respectively). EFT and EFT /BMI ratio were significantly and inversely correlated with presence of varicocele (r=-0.422, p=0.009; r=-0.38, p=0.026, respectively).
Conclusion: The present study suggests that high-grade varicocele may be associated with decreased echocardiographic EFT but not with aortic stiffness and FMD.
Keywords: High-grade varicocele; epicardial fat thickness, flow-mediated dilatation, aortic stiffness.
The relationship between sleep quality and dyspnoea severity in patients with COPD
Authors: Kaplan Serin Emine , Derya Ister Emine , Ozdemir Ahmet 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to determine sleep quality, frequency and severity of dyspnoea in COPD patients and to eval- uate the relationship between dyspnoea severity and sleep quality.
Method: The sample of the study consisted of 110 patients admitted to the Chest Diseases polyclinic of a private hospital and diagnosed as COPD for at least one year. The data of the study were collected using the "Individual Information Form", "COPD and Asthma Sleep Scale (CASIS)" and "Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnoea Scale”.
Results: It was found that 6.4% of the patients did not experience dyspnoea, 34.5% had mild, 40.9% had moderate, and 18.2% had severe dyspnoea. The mean CASIS score of the patients without dyspnoea was 29.08±7.83, with mild dyspnoea was 40.22±9.30, with moderate dyspnoea was 50.31±8.97 and with severe dyspnoea was 56.96±13.13. There was a statisti- cally significant difference between dyspnoea severity and mean CASIS score (p=0.001). Correlation analysis between MRC dyspnoea scale and CASIS score showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.61 p=0.001).
Conclusion: It was concluded that the majority of COPD patients had moderate or poor sleep quality and dyspnoea. As dyspnoea severity increases, sleep quality decreases.
Keywords: Dyspnoea; COPD; Sleep.
BRAFV600E hot spot mutation in thyroid carcinomas: first Moroccan experience from a single-institution retrospective study
Authors: Kaabouch Meryem , Chahdi Hafsa , Azouzi Naima , Oukabli Mohammed , Rharrassi Issam , Boudhas Adil , Jaddi Hassan , Ababou Mouna , Dakka Nadia , Boichard Amélie , Bakri Youssef , Dupuy Corinne , Al Bouzidi Abderrahmane , Ameziane El Hassani Rabii 
Published: December 2020

Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. BRAFV600E mutation is described to be associated with a worse prognostic of thyroid carcinomas, as well as extrathyroidal invasion and increased mortality.
Objective: To our knowledge, there are no reported studies neither from Morocco nor from other Maghreb countries re- garding the prevalence of BRAFV600E mutation in thyroid carcinomas. Here we aim to evaluate the frequency of BRAFV600E oncogene in Moroccan thyroid carcinomas.
Methods: In this Single-Institution retrospective study realized in the Anatomic Pathology and Histology Service in the Mil- itary Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V ‘HMIMV’ in Rabat, we report, using direct genomic sequencing, the assessment of BRAFV600E in 37 thyroid tumors.
Results: We detected BRAFV600E mutation exclusively in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas ‘PTC’ with a prevalence of 28% (8 PTC out 29 PTC). Like international trends, Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas ’PTC’ is more frequent than Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas ‘FTC’ and Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas ‘ATC’ (29 PTC, 7 FTC and 1 ATC).
Conclusion: Our finding gives to the international community the first estimated incidence of this oncogene in Morocco showing that this prevalence falls within the range of international trends (30% to 90%) reported in distinct worldwide ge- ographic regions.
Keywords: Biomarker; BRAFV600E; Thyroid cancer; Morocco.
Congenital infantile digital fibromatosis: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: O Adegoke Omolade , E Ajao Akinlabi , H Ano-Edward Gbemi 
Published: December 2020

Infantile digital fibromatosis (IDF), also called inclusion body fibromatosis is an uncommon benign tumour occurring in the digits of young children. In about a third of cases, it is congenital and the diagnosis is based on the presence of peculiar intracytoplasmic inclusions on histology. Recurrence rate post-surgery is high. However, spontaneous regression has been reported. We present a case of a 5-month-old infant who had excision of a right second toe mass, which has been present from birth. Histological examination revealed this to be infantile digital fibromatosis. To the best of our knowledge, no report of this has been made in Nigeria. It is important that this diagnosis be entertained in young children with masses on the digits as this will influence the management instituted.
Keywords: Fibromatosis; digits; inclusion body.
Does shared decision making increase prostate screening uptake in countries with a low prevalence of prostate cancer?
Authors: Saad Amin Hussein , Ahmed Arafa Mostafafa , Hamda Farhat Karim , Munther Rabah Danny , Abdullah Altaweel Abdulaziz , Hamed Alhammad Abdulaziz 
Published: December 2020

Background: Men over 50 should discuss the benefits and harms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing with their doctors.
Objectives: To investigate whether shared decision making (SDM) increases the uptake of prostate cancer screening prac- tices among Saudi men.
Methods: This community-based study recruited men aged ≥ 50 years between January and April 2019. Sociodemographic characteristics, history, and current medical condition information were collected. SDM information with regards to prostate cancer screening was discussed.
Results: In total, 2034 Saudi men, aged between 50 and 88 years, agreed to participate in the current study. Prostate exam- ination for early detection of cancer was recommended for 35.4% (720) of subjects. Of the subjects, 23.3% (473) reported that the physicians discussed the advantages and benefits of PSA testing, whereas only 5.6% (114) stated that the physicians explained the disadvantages and drawbacks of PSA testing.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that less than one fourth discussed the advantages and disadvantages of PSA testing with their physicians; of these, less than one third underwent PSA blood tests. Improvements are needed in SDM for and against PSA screening. SDM does not affect the intensity of PSA testing. Primary health care physicians should be actively involved in the SDM process.
Keywords: Decision making; prostate cancer screening; low prevalence countries.
Micro RNAs and the biological clock: a target for diseases associated with a loss of circadian regulation
Authors: Ma Qianwen , Mo Genlin , Tan Yong 
Published: December 2020

Background: Circadian clocks are self-sustaining oscillators that coordinate behavior and physiology over a 24 hour peri- od, achieving time-dependent homeostasis with the external environment. The molecular clocks driving circadian rhythmic changes are based on intertwined transcriptional/translational feedback loops that combine with a range of environmental and metabolic stimuli to generate daily internal programing. Understanding how biological rhythms are generated through- out the body and the reasons for their dysregulation can provide avenues for temporally directed therapeutics. Summary: In recent years, microRNAs have been shown to play important roles in the regulation of the circadian clock, particularly in Drosophila, but also in some small animal and human studies. This review will summarize our current un- derstanding of the role of miRNAs during clock regulation, with a particular focus on the control of clock regulated gene expression.
Keywords: MicroRNAs; biological clock; circadian rhythm.