bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A functional twintron, ‘zombie’ twintrons and a hypermobile group II intron invading itself in plant mitochondria
Authors: Zumkeller Simon , Gerke Philipp , Knoop Volker 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe occurrence of group II introns in plant mitochondrial genomes is strikingly different between the six major land plant clades, contrasting their highly conserved counterparts in chloroplast DNA. Their present distribution likely reflects numerous ancient intron gains and losses during early plant evolution before the emergence of seed plants. As a novelty for plant organelles, we here report on five cases of twintrons, introns-within-introns, in the mitogenomes of lycophytes and hornworts. An internal group II intron interrupts an intron-borne maturase of an atp9 intron in Lycopodiaceae, whose splicing precedes splicing of the external intron. An invasive, hypermobile group II intron in cox1, has conquered nine further locations including a previously overlooked sdh3 intron and, most surprisingly, also itself. In those cases, splicing of the external introns does not depend on splicing of the internal introns. Similar cases are identified in the mtDNAs of hornworts. Although disrupting a group I intron-encoded protein in one case, we could not detect splicing of the internal group II intron in this ‘mixed’ group I/II twintron. We suggest the name ‘zombie’ twintrons (half-dead, half-alive) for such cases where splicing of external introns does not depend any more on prior splicing of fossilized internal introns.
Propensity score matched mortality comparisons of peritoneal and in-centre haemodialysis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed E , Morris Adam D , Li Xia , Browne Leonard D , Stack Austin G 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccurate comparisons of haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) survival based on observational studies are difficult due to substantial residual confounding that arises from imbalances between treatments. Propensity score matching (PSM) comparisons confer additional advantages over conventional methods of adjustment by further reducing selection bias between treatments. We conducted a systematic review of studies that compared mortality between in-centre HD with PD using a PSM-based approach.MethodsA sensitive search strategy identified all citations in the PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE databases from inception through November 2018. Pooled PD versus HD mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through random-effects meta-analysis. A subsequent meta-regression explored factors to account for between-study variation.ResultsThe systematic review yielded 214 citations with 17 cohort studies and 113 578 PSM incident dialysis patients. Cohort periods spanned the period 1993–2014. The pooled HR for PD versus HD was 1.06 (95% CI 0.99–1.14). There was considerable variation by country, however, mortality risks for PD versus HD remained virtually unchanged when stratified by geographical region with HRs of 1.04 (95% CI 0.94–1.15), 1.14 (95% CI 0.99–1.32) and 0.98 (0.87–1.10) for European, Asian and American cohorts, respectively. Subgroup meta-analyses revealed similar risks for patients with diabetes [HR 1.09 (95% CI 0.98–1.21)] and without diabetes [HR 0.99 (95% CI 0.90–1.09)]. Heterogeneity was substantial (I2 = 87%) and was largely accounted for by differences in cohort period, study type and country of origin. Together these factors explained a substantial degree of between-studies variance (R2 = 90.6%).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that PD and in-centre HD carry equivalent survival benefits. Reported differences in survival between treatments largely reflect a combination of factors that are unrelated to clinical efficacy.
Aneurysm Treatment With Woven EndoBridge in the Cumulative Population of 3 Prospective, Multicenter Series: 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Pierot Laurent , Moret Jacques , Barreau Xavier , Szikora Istvan , Herbreteau Denis , Turjman Francis , Holtmannspötter Markus , Januel Anne-Christine , Costalat Vincent , Fiehler Jens , Klisch Joachim , Gauvrit Jean-Yves , Weber Werner , Desal Hubert , Velasco Stéphane , Liebig Thomas , Stockx Luc , Berkefeld Joachim , Molyneux Andrew , Byrne James V , Spelle Laurent 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Woven EndoBridge (WEB; Sequent Medical) treatment is an innovative endovascular approach for treatment of wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. Initial studies have shown high safety with good efficacy at short term confirmed by trials conducted in United States (WEB-Intrasaccular Therapy) and in Europe (WEB Clinical Assessment of Intrasaccular Aneurysm Therapy [WEBCAST], French Observatory, and WEBCAST-2).

OBJECTIVE
To report the 2-yr clinical and anatomical results of WEB treatment in the combined population of 3 European trials.

METHODS
In a French Observatory, 2-yr clinical and anatomical data were collected. In WEBCAST and WEBCAST-2, 2-yr follow-up was optional, and data were collected when follow-up was performed. Aneurysm occlusion was evaluated using a 3-grade scale: complete occlusion, neck remnant, and aneurysm remnant.

RESULTS
The population for safety was 138/168 patients (82.1%), including 89 females (64.5%), with mean age of 55.5 ± 10.2 yr. The population for efficacy was 121/169 aneurysms (71.6%). Aneurysm locations were middle cerebral artery in 65/121 aneurysms (53.7%), anterior-communicating artery in 25/121 (20.7%), basilar artery in 17/121 (14.0%), and internal carotid artery terminus in 14/121 (11.6%). No clinically relevant adverse events occurred between years 1 and 2. At 2 yr, complete occlusion was observed in 62/121 (51.2%) aneurysms, neck remnant in 36/121 (29.8%) aneurysms, and aneurysm remnant in 23/121 (19.0%) aneurysms. The global retreatment rate at 2 yr was 9.3%.

CONCLUSION
This analysis confirms the high safety profile of WEB treatment at 2 yr. Aneurysm occlusion is generally stable at 2 yr, and the retreatment rate between 1 yr and 2 yr is low (2.0%).
Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation in Patients With Smell Dysfunction Following Endoscopic Sellar and Parasellar Tumor Resection: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yan Carol H , Rathor Aakanksha , Krook Kaelyn , Ma Yifei , Rotella Melissa R , Dodd Robert L , Hwang Peter H , Nayak Jayakar V , Oyesiku Nelson M , DelGaudio John M , Levy Joshua M , Wise Justin , Wise Sarah K , Patel Zara M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Endoscopic endonasal approaches pose the potential risk of olfactory loss. Loss of olfaction and potentially taste can be permanent and greatly affect patients’ quality of life. Treatments for olfactory loss have had limited success. Omega-3 supplementation may be a therapeutic option with its effect on wound healing and nerve regeneration.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact on olfaction in patients treated with omega-3 supplementation following endoscopic skull base tumor resection.

METHODS
In this multi-institutional, prospective, randomized controlled trial, 110 patients with sellar or parasellar tumors undergoing endoscopic resection were randomized to nasal saline irrigations or nasal saline irrigations plus omega-3 supplementation. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered preoperatively and at 6 wk, 3 mo, and 6 mo postoperatively.

RESULTS
Eighty-seven patients completed all 6 mo of follow-up (41 control arm, 46 omega-3 arm). At 6 wk postoperatively, 25% of patients in both groups experienced a clinically significant loss in olfaction. At 3 and 6 mo, patients receiving omega-3 demonstrated significantly less persistent olfactory loss compared to patients without supplementation (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). After controlling for multiple confounding variables, omega-3 supplementation was found to be protective against olfactory loss (odds ratio [OR] 0.05, 95% CI 0.003-0.81, P = .03). Tumor functionality was a significant independent predictor for olfactory loss (OR 32.7, 95% CI 1.15-929.5, P = .04).

CONCLUSION
Omega-3 supplementation appears to be protective for the olfactory system during the healing period in patients who undergo endoscopic resection of sellar and parasellar masses.
Indexicality of Grammar: The Case of Japanese Transgender Speakers
Authors: Abe Hideko 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article discusses how the intersection of grammatical gender and social gender, entwined in the core structure of language, can be analyzed to understand the dynamic status of selfhood. After reviewing a history of scholarship that demonstrates this claim, the discussion analyzes the language practices of transgender individuals in Japan, where transgender identity is currently understood in terms of sei-dōitsusei-shōgai (gender identity disorder). Based on fieldwork conducted between 2011 and 2017, the analysis reveals how individuals identifying with sei-dōitsusei-shōgai negotiate subject positions by manipulating the specific indexical meanings attached to grammatical structures.
The Neurobiology of Pain
Authors: Fitzgerald Maria , Salter Michael W. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.
Readings and Receptions
Authors: Haynes Stephen R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The range of interpretations of Bonhoeffer’s life and thought continues to expand. Because he lived during dramatic times and made fateful decisions that placed him in grave danger, people inside and outside the Christian community are continually reassessing his contemporary relevance. As a way of demonstrating Bonhoeffer’s unique place in the religious imagination, this chapter explores some of the diverse and conflicting ways his legacy has been appropriated in the years since his death. Three constellations of ‘readings and receptions’ will be reviewed: the radical Bonhoeffer shaped by the secularizing theologians of the 1960s, the post-Holocaust Bonhoeffer fashioned by advocates of Jewish–Christian reconciliation, and the populist Bonhoeffer that has emerged in the second decade of the current century. Those who care about Bonhoeffer will do well to pay close attention to the ebb and flow of his reception as uninformed and politicized readings of his legacy become more common.
Bonhoeffer, South Africa, and Global Contexts
Authors: Koopman Nico 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the reception of Bonhoeffer in global contexts by taking one such context as a detailed case study, namely South Africa. The chapter begins by examining the complex concept of ubuntu, which has been appealed to in South African ‘Truth and Reconciliation’ processes. Exploring the emphases upon the notions of solidarity, communion, unity and reconciliation which are ingredient within that influential concept, the chapter then moves to outline some of the concerns that have been levelled against this concept and its application in public theology, before suggesting how Bonhoeffer’s own relational anthropology, with its Christological and ecclesiological dimensions, might ameliorate some of these potential problems. It concludes by suggesting that Bonhoeffer’s thinking here can make a significant contribution to the development of a contemporary public theology of human dignity and rights both in South Africa and beyond.
Eschatology
Authors: Lindsay Mark 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s eschatology has received far less scholarly attention than many other aspects of his theology, and in fact has occasionally been relegated to near-insignificance for any proper understanding of his work. It is certainly the case that the theological function of eschatology changed for him during the course of his life. However, far from being simply an addendum to his writings, eschatology was deeply embedded within Bonhoeffer’s theological development. Eschatological themes made their first appearance in his academic work in a seminar paper from 1926, formed a crucial element of his catechetical instruction in early-1930s Berlin, and later provided him with a crucial hermeneutical perspective from which to view both his own final imprisonment, and the future directions of authentic ecclesial proclamation. Perhaps most strikingly, eschatology—that insistence that we must interpret our present (penultimate) circumstances from the lens of ultimate reality—was the irreplaceable foundation to Bonhoeffer’s wartime theological ethics, and to his insistence on the socio-political character of Christian discipleship.
Bonhoeffer the Preacher
Authors: Lose David J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In addition to being a noted systematic theologian, ethicist, and leader of the Confessing Church, Dietrich Bonhoeffer was also a preacher. In fact, at the centre of all his theological work stands his unfaltering conviction that the preached Word is the primary expression of the Gospel and the place where contemporary believers encounter their living Lord. Bonhoeffer’s homiletic revolves around the preacher’s role of listening attentively to the witness of Scripture in order to accompany the living Word into the congregation so it may meet people where they are, sustain them in their present circumstances, and form them into the living Body of Christ in order to respond to the current needs of the world.
The Reality of Christian Ethics
Authors: Lovin Robin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reality is a central idea in Bonhoeffer’s Ethics. Ethics must deal with real human problems and choices. Bonhoeffer learned this as a participant in the German resistance to Hitler, but he believed the lesson applies to all conditions of modern life. People seek concrete direction for their choices and find abstract ethics irrelevant. The contrast between concrete reality and abstraction found in the philosophy of Hegel thus provided an important resource for Bonhoeffer’s theological understanding of Jesus Christ as the reality of God in human experience. Because we cannot separate God from the world or understand either apart from Christ, responsible action is always a venture undertaken on behalf of others, and it involves a risk of guilt. Despite the uncertainty that accompanies all responsible action, the four ‘divine mandates’ of church, family, culture, and government provide contexts in which it is possible to hear the concrete commandment of God.
God
Authors: Ziegler Philip G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the field of theology proper, God’s graciousness is Bonhoeffer’s preoccupying theological concern. Who and what we see when we ‘see the God of the Bible’ is, Bonhoeffer contends, simply God for us. Formally, Bonhoeffer’s theological inquiry is marked by a relentless christological concentration practiced as the discipleship of thought to the self-revelation of God in Jesus Christ. Materially, its central concern is to explicate the reality of divine promeity as the quintessence of the God of the Christian Gospel: God is for us. By taking divine promeity as his primary theme Bonhoeffer makes divine freedom and transcendence important subsidiary concerns, as concepts analytic in the idea of promeity. In Bonhoeffer’s hands, these concepts receive apt, self-consciously evangelical elucidation.
Sin and Salvation
Authors: Knight Mark 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bonhoeffer’s varied corpus dictates that his reflections on sin and salvation are diverse in register and range between expositing his theological inheritance and a more deliberative reworking of key themes. The towering element of that inheritance is, naturally, Luther and the doctrine of justification. A resolute focus on the person of Christ that runs throughout all his writings leads Bonhoeffer to reframe the notion of justification as the reality of being incorporated into the life of one who creates a ‘new humanity’. In the words of Hofmann, whom Bonhoeffer quotes: ‘To understand his person and history properly is to understand our reconciliation properly’ (cf. DBWE 1: 142). This emphasis opens Bonhoeffer to theological resources beyond his proximate tradition, while also providing ways to draw together the various ‘moments’ of classical soteriology, to critique problematic turns in Protestant thought, and to show the comprehensive relevance of the dialectic of sin and salvation for all Christian thinking.
Bonhoeffer and Race
Authors: Williams Reggie L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The political ideology of the Third Reich was the culmination of years of lingering hope for an ideal German ethnic community populated with ideal German humanity. The theology of the German Christian movement turned Jesus into a divine representation of the racially pure Aryan, enabling race-hatred to become a core part of German religious life. That social reality was also the context in which Bonhoeffer was raised, and trained as a theologian and a pastor. Bonhoeffer had to confront that ideology within himself, and to grow beyond what he had received as a child growing up in Germany in order to come to see racism as a defining problem for genuine Christianity in Nazi Germany.
Bonhoeffer and Ecumenism
Authors: Clements Keith 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bonhoeffer’s ecumenism was central and decisive to both his theology and activity from his later student days to his imprisonment. It was founded upon his ecclesiology as basically set out in Sanctorum Communio. The church being ‘Christ existing as community’ was applied by him to the fellowship of Christians across national and confessional boundaries and especially in its calling to embody and proclaim peace in the wold. In the Church Struggle he vigorously promoted the claim of the Confessing Church as the authentic Evangelical Church of Germany and argued for the ecumenical movement, for the sake of its own integrity and renewal, to accept that claim. His recruitment into the German resistance owed much to his having so many ecumenical contacts in the allied and neutral countries, but it also enabled him to pursue still more deeply his ecumenical interests, including relations with the Roman Catholic Church.
Bonhoeffer’s Christian Peace Ethic, Conditional Pacifism, and Resistance
Authors: Green Clifford 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dietrich Bonhoeffer was first and foremost a Christian theologian whose peace ethic grew out of his theology, as did his role in the coup d’état conspiracy to overthrow Hitler and National Socialism. Bonhoeffer’s was not an ethic of principles, neither nor did he abandon his Christian peace ethic to support the conspiracy. This chapter traces the development of his peace ethic to a form of conditional pacifism whose main components were Christological, ecclesial, scriptural, and doctrinal. Likewise it argues that his ethic of free responsibility exercised in the conspiracy must be understood from key theological passages and ethical themes in his book Ethics.
Interdisciplinary Enqueeries from India
Authors: Sherinian Zoe 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The goal of this article is to conceive of a cross-cultural queer theory for ethnomusicology that allows for the consideration of the widest diversity and inclusive conceptualization of the relationship of performing arts to human desire, intimate behavior, and identity. It begins from an assumption that Western meanings of “queer” do not match the ways of living and musicking with sex, gender, and sexuality that exist throughout the world. To this end, it presents eight theoretical guidelines to help scholars scrutinize the dominant Western gaze in queer scholarship, while allowing for local phenomena to expand global understanding of not just difference, but of human possibility. These guidelines engage concepts of gender and sexuality, ethnographic methodology, mainstream and marginal cultures, indigenous conceptualizations, intersectionality, and performative identities. It then applies these ideas and guidelines to case studies from South Asia by Jeff Roy (2017), Serena Nanda (1990), and Joyce Flueckiger (1996).
Cultural Perspectives for Assessing Infants and Young Children
Authors: Sarche Michelle , Tsethlikai Monica , Godoy Leandra , Emde Robert , Fleming Candace M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis chapter presents an outline of eight general features of culture that provide a background for understanding the role of culture in assessment. The eight general features define culture as shared meaning; distinct from ethnicity, race, and minority status; as occurring in a setting or ecology; as dynamic and transactional; as experienced subjectively; as operating silently as well as with voices; as providing multiple views of reality and the world; as influencing the ways in which individuals express distress; and, for infants and toddlers in particular, as mediated through the parenting relationship. The authors distinguish the classification of disorder from the assessment of the individual and the role of current diagnostic systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, and the revised Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC:0–5).
Dimensional and Multicultural Assessment of Preschoolers’ Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Problems
Authors: Achenbach Thomas , Rescorla Leslie A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents nosological models for early childhood psychopathology embodied in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), fifth edition, and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. It also presents the revised Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Development Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood as another nosological approach that provides more differentiated diagnostic categories and criteria for early childhood disorders. As an alternative to the top-down nosological approaches based on experts’ concepts of disorders, the chapter presents bottom-up approaches that statistically derive dimensional syndromes from ratings of problems in large samples of children. Statistically derived syndromes have been supported by data from multiple informants in dozens of societies around the world. The data from these societies have been used to construct multicultural norms for the syndromes, for DSM-oriented scales, and for broad-spectrum Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scales. Case illustrations are provided for translational applications in medical, mental health, educational, and child or family service settings.
Assessment of Sensory Processing Disorder
Authors: Miller Lucy Jane , Witten Molly , Ahn Roianne R. , Schoen Sarah A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the influence of sensory processing disorder on mental health in infants and young children. A bidirectional and interconnected framework is proposed for understanding the interplay between sensory processing and affect expression, across a wide range of emotions, within a caring relationship. Sensory processing disorder is defined and described. Current research on sensory processing disorder is summarized and evaluation tools are reviewed. A clinical method is proposed for screening for sensory processing and affect difficulties during mental health evaluations of young children. Finally, future directions for research and treatment are suggested.