bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correctness and relevance of the modal ontological argument
Authors: Biłat Andrzej 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with some metaphilosophical aspects of the modal ontological argument originating from Charles Hartshorne. One of the specific premises of the argument expresses the idea that the existence of God is not contingent. Several well-known versions of the argument have been formulated that appeal to different ways of clarifying the latter. A question arises: which of the formally correct and relevant versions is proper or basic? The paper points to some criteria of formal correctness, and distinguishes two types of relevance for these versions: strong and weak. Its aim is to furnish a strictly worked out answer to the question, taking into account each of these types. As a result, a very simple, formally correct and (weakly) relevant version of the modal ontological argument is formulated. The results obtained are also used to criticize a popular belief about the relations in which the main versions of the modal ontological argument stand to one another.
Contestation sociale, liberté de réunion pacifique et d’association: quelles leçons tirer des expériences interaméricaines?
Authors: DUHAIME BERNARD , THIBAULT ANDRÉANNE 
Published: December 2020

RésuméCet article traite des droits à la liberté de réunion pacifique et d’association tels que garantis dans le système interaméricain de protection des droits humains. Il traite d’abord des dispositions de la Convention américaine relative aux droits de l’homme se rapportant à ces droits, de même que de leur importance pour les sociétés démocratiques et la jouissance des autres droits. Il est ensuite question de la nature positive et négative des obligations qu’ont les états en la matière, puis des limites acceptables de ces libertés dans les sociétés libres et démocratiques. Il analyse l’exercice de ces droits par certains groupes particuliers, dont les défenseurs des droits humains, les leaders autochtones, les sympathisants de partis politiques et les membres d’organisations syndicales. Il est également question de l’importance, pour une société démocratique, de laisser s’exprimer ces divers groupes, pour qui les activités associatives et les démonstrations publiques constituent des moyens privilégiés d’exprimer de leurs points de vue et de participer aux affaires publiques. En se référant aux principes abordés dans les parties précédentes, cet article traite finalement de la criminalisation de la contestation civile dans les Amériques, à la lumière des événements récents au Nicaragua, au Chili, et en Bolivie.
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Protection and Preservation of the Marine Environment: Taking Stock and Prospects
Authors: DE HERDT SANDRINE W. , NDIAYE TAFSIR MALICK 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article takes stock of the contribution of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) to the development of international environmental law. It examines in this regard the jurisdiction of the tribunal and provides an overview of its environmental jurisprudence. It then assesses the potential role of ITLOS in relation to some marine environmental challenges ahead. In particular, it considers the possibility of a request for an advisory opinion on climate change, the settlement of disputes regarding deep seabed mining, and the potential role of the tribunal under a new legal instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.
MILITARY WAGES AND COUPS D’ÉTAT IN SPAIN (1850–1915): THE USE OF PUBLIC SPENDING AS A COUP-PROOFING STRATEGY
Authors: Sabaté Oriol , Espuelas Sergio , Herranz-Loncán Alfonso 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIn 1833-1874, Spain suffered 0.7 coups per year. By contrast, the Restoration (1874-1923) saw the eradication of successful coups. This can be partially attributed to the turno pacífico, which allowed the main political parties to alternate in office without dragging the military into politics. We suggest, however, that the reduction in coup risk was also associated with a conscious budget policy. This, though, did not rely on increases in total military expenditure (which actually stagnated during most of the Restoration), but on the steady improvement of officers' remunerations and promotions. This strategy was probably detrimental to Spanish military capacity abroad, but was consistent with the objective of keeping the military out of politics.
Assessing policies to mitigate abandonment of shade-grown coffee production in forest systems amid low and uncertain prices
Authors: Albers Heidi J. , Brockmann Stephanie , Ávalos-Sartorio Beatriz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Low and highly variable prices plague the coffee market, generating concerns that coffee farmers producing in shade systems under natural forests, as in biodiversity hotspot Oaxaca, Mexico, will abandon production and contribute to deforestation and reduced ecosystem services. Using stakeholder information, we build a setting-informed model to analyze farmers' decisions to abandon shade-grown coffee production and their reactions to policy to reduce abandonment. Exploring price premiums for bird-friendly certified coffee, payments for ecosystem services, and price floors as policies, we find that once a farmer is on the path toward abandonment, it is difficult to reverse. However, implementing policies early that are low cost to farmers – price floors and no-cost certification programs – can stem abandonment. Considering the abandonment that policy avoids per dollar spent, price floors are the most cost-effective policy, yet governments prefer certification programs that push costs onto international coffee consumers who pay the price premium.
The Impossible Possibility of Palmquist’s Kant and Mysticism
Authors: Firestone Chris L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStephen R. Palmquist’s Kant and Mysticism revisits his earlier work on Kant and Swedenborg, arguing that, contrary to standard interpretations, the arguments of Dreams of a Spirit-Seer expand into ‘Critical mysticism’ throughout the Critical philosophy and into the Opus Postumum. Although the beginning portions of Palmquist’s book successfully disturb the standard portrait of Kant as the all-destroyer of metaphysics and religious experience, his argument for critical mysticism is inconclusive. It is impossible to know if his interpretation of the Opus Postumum is more right than its competitors. The conflict of interpretations shows Palmquist’s interpretation to be a hermeneutic impossible possibility.
Leaders of the New School? Music Departments, Hip-Hop, and the Challenge of Significant Difference
Authors: KAJIKAWA LOREN 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed a dramatic rise in dissertations, theses, and other academic publications exploring hip-hop music, while college courses on hip-hop history have become commonplace. The growing prominence of hip-hop music in our curricular and research agendas, however, does not necessarily make the study of music at colleges and universities more inclusive. In fact, the increasing attention musicologists and music theorists are paying to rap paradoxically threatens to shore up the value of whiteness in the discipline. This contribution addresses the problem by seeking answers to three interrelated questions: (1) What can the incorporation of hip-hop teach us about the challenges of ‘diversity' in music departments primarily devoted to the study and performance of Western classical music? (2) Does the work of non-Black scholars who write about music made by Black bodies contribute to the freeing of those bodies, or merely represent yet another way that they are consumed by white supremacy? (3) How can popular music studies help to overcome ongoing racial inequality within schools and departments of music? The arrival of hip-hop in music departments represents an opportunity to move in bold new directions. If we want to create a more just future for musicology and music theory, then the study of hip-hop in these fields will need to be accompanied by efforts to introduce forms of ‘significant difference’ that transform our respective disciplines as well as the institutions within which we work.
BINARY KRIPKE SEMANTICS FOR A STRONG LOGIC FOR NAIVE TRUTH
Authors: MIDDLETON BEN 
Published: December 2020

AbstractI show that the logic
$\textsf {TJK}^{d+}$
, one of the strongest logics currently known to support the naive theory of truth, is obtained from the Kripke semantics for constant domain intuitionistic logic by (i) dropping the requirement that the accessibility relation is reflexive and (ii) only allowing reflexive worlds to serve as counterexamples to logical consequence. In addition, I provide a simplified natural deduction system for

$\textsf {TJK}^{d+}$
, in which a restricted form of conditional proof is used to establish conditionals.
Remember to be Jewish: Religious Populism in Israel
Authors: Ben Porat Guy , Filc Dani 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe paper explores the relation between religion and populism in Israel. Jewish identity has been an important marker of citizenship and belonging in Israel since its inception. The founders of the Zionist movement and the dominant elites of early statehood remained dependent upon Jewish religion to demarcate national boundaries and legitimate territorial claims. With the establishment of the state, Jewish identity helped create and legitimate a segmented citizenship regime that secured privilege for Jews. Gradually, and especially in the past two decades, Jewishness became more contested, demarcating not only Jews from non-Jews but also “authentic” Jews from allegedly “cosmopolitan elites,” thus becoming part of populist politics, central to Israeli politics. The complex relation between religion and populism in Israel is demonstrated by the development of two populist parties; an “inclusive” one (Shas) and an “exclusionary” one (Likud). The study of the two parties shows the role of religious identities, tropes, and symbols in boundary-making and political strategies. In Israel, religion functions both as the positive content of the political community (the ethnos––the Jewish people—is conflated with the demos) and the demands for inclusion; and as the marker of a threat (non-Jewish citizens, asylum seekers, and allegedly disloyal secular elites).
Survivre : une épopée en réanimation
Authors: Sportouch Sabine 
Published: December 2020

La clinique des soins intensifs est une clinique de l’extrême. On survit et on y sauve des vies. Mais qui est ce « on » ? Ce sont d’abord les patients dont les fonctions vitales sont en jeu et dont les déficiences organiques majeures mettent la vie en péril. Les gestes pour sauver sont alors techniques, remarquables d’efficacité. Dans l’urgence, la parole a sa place aussi. Avant tout informative, elle se dit aux patients et aux proches.
Mais comment les patients et les soignants survivent-ils psychiquement ? Quels sont leurs gestes ? Quelles sont leurs paroles dans le temps de la survie ? De quelles natures sont-ils et quelles fonctions ont-ils dans les temps de la survie et dans l’après-coup de cette expérience limite ? Comment, pour les patients et les soignants, dont fait partie le psychologue, rester vivants dans ces lieux à haut risque psychique ?
Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

E. ophiuroides is a perennial grass that has been intentionally introduced into tropical and warm temperate areas to be used as a lawn grass (USDA-ARS, 2016). In the United States it has become a common lawn grass principally in the southeastern states (Brosnan and Deputy, 2008; Duble, 2016). However, in the USA, it also behaves as a weed principally in disturbed sites and along roadsides (Coile, 1993; USDA-NRCS, 2016) and Miller et al. (2010) recently reported that it is invading natural and disturbed areas across the southern states. It is also listed as an invasive grass in Puerto Rico (Rojas-Sandoval and Acevedo-Rodríguez, 2015). E. ophiuroides spreads easily by seeds and by stolons and grows forming dense mats of prostrate, low-growing stems and leaves (Brosnan and Deputy, 2008). Plants also recover quickly after fire (Walsh, 1994).
Urbanization effects on Chinese mammal and amphibian richness: a multi-scale study using the urban-rural gradient approach
Authors: Lin Ping , Yang Lu , Zhao Shuqing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The scale and extent of global urbanization are unprecedented and increasing. As urbanization generally encroaches on natural habitats and the urban ecological footprint reaches far beyond the city limits, how urbanization affects biodiversity has received increasing attention from the scientific community. Nonetheless, the comprehensive syntheses of urbanization consequences for biodiversity, including diverse taxonomic groups, across multiple spatial scales and spanning a wide gradient range of urbanization intensity are still insufficient. Here, based on the urban-rural gradient approach, we assessed the effects of urbanization on Chinese mammal and amphibian richness across the entire urbanization gradient (i.e., urbanization level from 0 to 1) at the national, regional and urban agglomeration scales. We used the global mammal and amphibian distribution data along with corresponding background climate, habitat conditions and socioeconomic activities data for analysis. Our results revealed a detailed and diverse pattern of Chinese mammal and amphibian richness along the entire spectrum of urbanization gradient across three spatial scales. And an approximately monotonic decrease only existed in certain urban agglomerations. The imprint of urbanization on mammal and amphibian richness were largely masked by the overall primacy of background climate at the national and regional scales. As the scale of analysis shifting from the country to urban agglomerations, urbanization-associated variables and locally specific limiting factors started to play important roles in driving the richness patterns. Moreover, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis can explain the relationship between biodiversity pressure and urbanization activities in certain Chinese urban agglomerations. However, the findings of urbanization effects on biodiversity using the urban-rural gradient analysis should be interpreted with caution because many possible driving forces simultaneously present along the urban-rural gradient and are very challenging to attribute.
The Dual Erasure of Domestic Epistemic Labour
Authors: Wilson Emilia L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is growing interest in a category of domestic labour frequently termed ‘emotional labour’. I argue that this labour is, in fact, primarily a form of epistemic labour. I argue that domestic epistemic labour is the target of dual erasure. Firstly, as invisible domestic labour, it is underrecognized and undervalued. Secondly, it is not recognized as epistemic, due to women’s epistemic oppression. ‘Emotional labour’, as a catch-all for feminized labour, perpetuates the dominant ideological conception of emotion as feminine and anti-epistemic. Consequently, popular usage of ‘emotional labour’ attempts to address the first layer of erasure but reinforces the second.
Current Upper Blepharoplasty and Ptosis Management Practice Patterns Among The Aesthetic Society Members
Authors: Vaca Elbert E , Bricker Jonathan T , Alghoul Mohammed S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients presenting for upper blepharoplasty can exhibit different aging patterns and we have anecdotally observed wide variability in upper blepharoplasty approaches among surgeons. However, upper blepharoplasty practice patterns have not been systematically analyzed among members of The Aesthetic Society.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to report upper blepharoplasty practice patterns, the recognition of different patient presenting features, and to assess the incidence and management of ptosis as reported by members of The Aesthetic Society.

Methods
A 29-item electronic questionnaire was distributed to 1729 Aesthetic Society members with available email addresses.

Results
In total, 214 Aesthetic Society members submitted the questionnaire, for a response rate of 12.4%. There was a significantly increased rate of volume preservation among surgeons with greater experience (≥10 years in practice) and a high-volume (≥100 cases in past 12 months) of upper blepharoplasty cases. Furthermore, high-volume upper blepharoplasty surgeons were significantly more likely to perform concomitant upper lid fat grafting (P = 0.03), browlift (P = 0.02), and ptosis repair (P = 0.01). Ninety-five percent of respondents reported a mild/moderate ptosis (MRD1 2 to &lt;4mm) incidence of &lt;25%. Among surgeons who perform ptosis repair, 97.4% utilize levator advancement or plication as their most commonly used technique.

Conclusions
High-volume upper blepharoplasty surgeons are more likely to preserve upper lid volume and perform concomitant browlift and ptosis repair. Our data suggest that different upper eyelid aging patterns and mild/moderate ptosis are underrecognized.
Sensitivity Analysis of Conflicting Goals in the i* Goal Model
Authors: Sumesh Sreenithya , Krishna Aneesh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Requirements engineering (RE) has been developed as a discipline to identify and then translate stakeholders’ needs into system requirements. Hence, RE is used to produce a set of specifications for developing a software system. The specifications can be applied to satisfy stakeholders and can be implemented, deployed and maintained by using their alternative design options. The past several years have seen significant improvements in RE, whereby the discipline supports the modelling and analysis of stakeholders’ goals (objectives) beyond merely incorporating these goals. Goals further help in deriving functional and non-functional requirements (NFRs) of a system. Goals play an important role in the RE process by helping elaborate the requirements. Goal-oriented requirements engineering (GORE) refers to the use of goals in RE for eliciting requirements. GORE is then used in the process of elaboration, organization, specification, analysis, negotiation, documentation and evolution of the elicited requirements. To model the software system requirements, GORE is implemented by using goals in view of goal models. Stakeholders’ goals are then represented through these goal models to assess their non-functional needs. We developed a technique for analysing conflicting goals of inter-dependent actors in a goal model. In this proposal, to ascertain stakeholders’ NFRs, we applied the cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to a multi-objective optimisation model in the i* goal model. This optimisation model can handle large, sophisticated systems. The requirements analyst can use information derived from the input data. The CEA further facilitates the requirements analyst by including the sensitivity of conflicting goals in the i* goal model. Based on the inter-dependency relationships, the proposed approach includes the optimisation of each objective function. This approach also uses sensitivity analysis based on the economic evaluation of derived optimal values to prioritize design options. The most cost-effective design option can hence be chosen and used to further the aim of achieving conflicting goals. This proposal uses a Telemedicine System case study, making evaluations through a simulation-based analysis.
A case report of multisite arterial thrombosis in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Angelillis Marco , De Carlo Marco , Christou Andrea , Marconi Michele , Mocellin Davide M , Caravelli Paolo , De Caterina Raffaele , Petronio Anna S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
A systemic coagulation dysfunction has been associated with COVID-19. In this case report, we describe a COVID-19-positive patient with multisite arterial thrombosis, presenting with acute limb ischaemia and concomitant ST-elevation myocardial infarction and oligo-symptomatic lung disease.

Case summary
An 83-year-old lady with history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease presented to the Emergency Department with acute-onset left leg pain, pulselessness, and partial loss of motor function. Acute limb ischaemia was diagnosed. At the same time, a routine ECG showed ST-segment elevation, diagnostic for inferior myocardial infarction. On admission, a nasopharyngeal swab was performed to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2, as per hospital protocol during the current COVID-19 pandemic. A total-body CT angiography was performed to investigate the cause of acute limb ischaemia and to rule out aortic dissection; the examination showed a total occlusion of the left common iliac artery and a non-obstructive thrombosis of a subsegmental pulmonary artery branch in the right basal lobe. Lung CT scan confirmed a typical pattern of interstitial COVID-19 pneumonia. Coronary angiography showed a thrombotic occlusion of the proximal segment of the right coronary artery. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed, with manual thrombectomy, followed by deployment of two stents. The patient was subsequently transferred to the operating room, where a Fogarty thrombectomy was performed. The patient was then admitted to the COVID area of our hospital. Seven hours later, the swab returned positive for COVID-19.

Discussion
COVID-19 can have an atypical presentation with thrombosis at multiple sites.
An accurate reconstruction of CMB E-mode signal over large angular scales using prior information of CMB covariance matrix in ILC algorithm
Authors: Purkayastha Ujjal , Sudevan Vipin , Saha Rajib 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently, the internal-linear-combination (ILC) method was investigated extensively in the context of reconstruction of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropy signal using observations obtained by WMAP and Planck satellite missions. In this article, we, for the first time, apply the ILC method to reconstruct the large-scale CMB E mode polarization signal, which could probe the ionization history, using simulated observations of 15 frequency CMB polarization maps of future generation Cosmic Origin Explorer (COrE) satellite mission. We find that the clean power spectra, from the usual ILC, are strongly biased due to non-zero CMB-foregrounds chance correlations. In order to address the issues of bias and errors we extend and improve the usual ILC method for CMB E-mode reconstruction by incorporating prior information of theoretical E-mode angular power spectrum while estimating the weights for linear combination of input maps (Sudevan & Saha 2018b). Using the E-mode covariance matrix effectively suppresses the CMB-foreground chance correlation power leading to an accurate reconstruction of cleaned CMB E-mode map and its angular power spectrum. We compare the performance of the usual ILC and the new method over large angular scales and show that the later produces significantly statistically improved results than the former. The new E-mode CMB angular power spectrum contains neither any significant negative bias at the low multipoles nor any positive foreground bias at relatively higher mutltipoles. The error estimates of the cleaned spectrum agree very well with the cosmic variance induced error.