bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of mathematical modelling for calculating flow characteristics of ungauged rivers in engineering design tasks (by the example of the Khemchik River, Tyva Republic, Russia)
Authors: Nesterova N V , Makarieva O M , Post D A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, we assess the results of the application of the deterministic hydrological model Hydrograph for calculating the maximum discharge of various recurrence frequencies at the ungauged mountain catchment of the Khemchik River – Khemchik village (the Tyva Republic, Russia, area 1750 km2). We have assessed the parameters of the model for three main landscapes of the study area. Based on streamflow modelling at two gauged catchments, we have verified the parameters and algorithms of the hydrological mode land the results of modelling are satisfactory. The simulations of streamflow with daily time step for the Khemchik River – Khemchik village was conducted for the period between 1966 and 2012 using meteorological observational data from the Teeli meteorological station. Based on the simulated maximum discharge series, we have constructed the frequency distribution curves and compared with the data on calculations according to the standard methodology of frequency analysis provided in SP 33-101-2003. The modelling-based maximum instantaneous discharges for the frequency interval between 99 and 0.7% are 1.3-5 times higher than the values estimated by the standard methodology. The Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Tyva Republic indirectly confirms the plausibility of model calculations, evidencing the regular flooding of the Khemchik village, which is not predicted by the values obtained with the standard methods.
Methodological and applied bases of territorial planning (as exemplified by elaboration of the program of sustainable development for rural territories)
Authors: Rogovskaya N V , Grigoryeva M A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rural development programs in strategic planning determine the direction of sustainable development, taking into account socio-economic and environmental factors. “The Concept of Sustainable Development of Rural Territories of the Russian Federation for the Period Until 2020” is an important document that defines the development of rural territories in Russia, approved in 2010. The implementation of the Concept is associated with the development of regional programs for the sustainable development of rural territories. Scientific and methodological support of sustainable rural development programs is an important aspect in developing programs at the regional and municipal levels. Whereas developing a regional program for the sustainable development of rural territories, the following sequence of steps is followed: the organizational stage, when third-party organizations are involved in research; the analytical stage, including the development of a program for sustainable development of rural territories and its scientific and methodological support; then coordination and approval of the program. This paper considers two research projects, which the authors participated in 2009-2011. The first project on sustainable development of rural territories was realized in the Altai Territory. The second project on sustainable development of rural areas was realized in the Tambov oblast in the framework of the Russian-French project.
Selected results of landscape planning in Ust’-Koksinskii District of the Altai Republic
Authors: Shitov A V , Klimova O V , Merdesheva E V , Semenov Yu M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Landscape planning for the territory of the Ust’-Koksinskii district of the Altai Republic is carried out. Rather severe environment prevents formation of normal intercommunications in the area. The agro-industrial complex is one of priority and socially important sectors of economy. The livestock production was and remains traditionally prevailing industry of agricultural production. The largest spaces in the district are occupied by the agricultural land. Large number of natural sights and nature sanctuaries form a basis for tourism development. The concepts of target development for concrete territories in the district are defined on the basis of integration of maps of the development purposes for separate natural components. Mountain glacial-nival and mountain-tundra landscapes are recommended for withdrawal from current use. Mountain-tundra landscapes with larch-cedar forests are attributed to the preservation of the existing extensive use with the abandonment of certain uses. For mountain taiga landscapes, it is recommended that existing widespread use should be observed in compliance with environmental measures. Adjustable widespread use is recommended for mountain-valley landscapes. Territories with steppe landscapes in the intermontane basins belong to the category of regulated development of agriculture and tourism with a possible increase in activity and local improvement of disturbed areas.
Mapping post fire recovery in Bakchar bog with Landsat time series data
Authors: Sinyutkina A A , Gashkova L P , Ivanova E S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the pyrogenic load and recovery processes after the fire event of 2016 within the drained site of Bakchar bog. Satellite remote sensing data and field data were collected for this study. The specific objectives of this study were: 1) to conduct field studies in key sites with different pyrogenic load keys in order to assess projective cover and species composition of the vegetation cover and 2) to compare field data with satellite image data using the vegetation index and perform spatial assessment of vegetation post-pyrogenic recovery in the first three years after the fire. The area of fire spread was 5.54 km2, including 4.44 km2 within the mire. The intensity and character of the vegetation recovery are differed between sites pyrogenic load classes. The first and second classes of the pyrogenic load are characteristic by the most intensive recovery process. These classes occupy 78 % of the burned area. NDVI values in three years after the fire become close and even exceed the values characteristic for drained pine-dwarf shrubs-sphagnum bogs mainly due to the intensive renewal of dwarf shrub layer. The emergence of deciduous trees will lead to a significant increase in the vegetation index in subsequent years.
Natural and ecological factors for assessing the quality of life of the population in the Russian Far East
Authors: Sukhoveeva A B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study aims to assess the impact of environmental factors on the quality of life of the population in the Far Eastern regions of Russia. The paper analyzes two types of natural media: atmospheric air and surface water resources. The study was carried out for the regions of the Far East of Russia (FER) from 2010 to 2016. We have distinguished four types of regions according to the comfort degree of natural and climatic conditions as well as the environmental situation. The “high” level of quality of life is in the Jewish Autonomous Region, which is characterized by comfortable living conditions and low levels of natural and anthropogenic pollution in the territory. We conclude that environmental and climatic factors and environmental conditions, especially in regions with extreme and uncomfortable living conditions, in the presence of disturbances in the environment, do not affect the overall assessment of the quality of life of the population in the Far East.
The use of microbiological monitoring to assess the impact of the anthropogenic influence on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal
Authors: Yu Suslova M , Shtykova Yu R , Sukhanova E V , Podlesnaya G V , Ya Kostornova T , Grebenshchikova V I , Belykh O I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present the data on the assessment of the hygiene microbiological state in the water area of Lake Baikal and the estuaries of its tributaries in 2016, 2017 and 2018 based on the standards adopted in the Russian Federation. Deep Baikal water, in general, meets the standards applied to assess the water to be used as drinking water supply. Monitoring of the surface layer has shown the most favourable quality of the water from the pelagic zone of the lake in 2017 with the minimum abundance and occurrence of hygiene indicator bacteria. The pelagic water meets the standards adopted in the Russian Federation for surface waters. Assessment of water quality has identified the maximum number of the opportunistic bacteria at the estuaries of the Baikal rivers. The non-standard samples are from the estuaries of the rivers Snezhnaya, Goloustnaya, Buguldeika, Anga, Kuchulga, Sarma, Turka, Barguzin, and Kichera. In 2018, the Snezhnaya River had the greatest anthropogenic load. Monitoring the Angara source by hygiene bacteriological characteristics showed maximum values in July and August 2019 for all groups of microorganisms.
Hydrological and climatic conditions of water resources formation in the South of Western Siberia
Authors: Tusupbekov Zh A , Nadtochiy V S , Ryapolova N L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hydrological and climatic features of the formation of water resources in any territory are closely related to the conditions of formation of incoming elements of water and heat balance. The use of the method of hydrological and climatic calculations (GCR) developed by V. S. Mezentsev and tested in most regions of Siberia and adjacent territories involves the determination of flow characteristics by the equations of water and heat energy elements. In the presence of indicators of values of total moisture and heat and power resources of climate, these equations allow calculating values of actually all components of balance equations, both for a year and an intra-annual interval. The application of the GCR method in determining the elements of the water balance in the conditions of flat areas, which include the South of Western Siberia, allows obtaining runoff characteristics with satisfactory accuracy. The paper identifies the features of formation and distribution of elements of water and heat balance in the study area, determines their values for the territory of Western Siberia and checks the calculated values of flow by comparison with the measured ones.
Geosystems of the northeastern Hovsgol region
Authors: Vladimirov I N , Sofronov A P , Silaev A V , Kobylkin D V , Vyrkin V B , Sorokovoi A A , Khadbaatar S , Frolov A A , Shekhovtsov A I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We examine the main natural features and the present status of geosystems across the territory of the northeastern Hovsgol region. The source of observational evidence concerning the state of the landscapes was provided by field expedition-based investigations, with emphasis placed on the study of the species and age composition of vegetation in conjunction with dynamical processes as well as geomorphological characteristics of the study area. The present status of geosystems across the study territory was analyzed by methods of visual interpretation and automated processing of spatial information using GIS technologies on the basis of Earth remote sensing data, field investigations of landscapes, topographic maps as well as literature sources. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the digital elevation model that was generated on the basis of SRTM 4 data in order to determine the morphometric characteristics of the location of geosystems, assign them to a particular type of classification of geosystems and compile the map legend. The legend to the landscape map was produced on the basis of a classification of a number of geomers as developed by V.B. Sochava in his theory of geosystems. As a result of the work done, we compiled the medium-scale landscape-typological map of geosystems (Sc 1:200000) on the level of groups of facies.
The mapping population density in a sparsely populated region: a case study the Irkutsk Region
Authors: Vorobyev A N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Adequate assessment of population density is becoming an increasingly pressing issue on both state and regional levels. It is due to the heterogeneity of population distribution patterns. We have developed the principles and methods of mapping the population density in a sparsely populated area on the example of the Irkutsk Region. Most of the region is rather characterized by the linear and local settlements with an extremely sparse network of permanent settlements except for the south of the Trans-Siberian Railway than the total areal population settlements. Applying a spot mapping method to define the borders of a populated territory, we use a buffer area radius of 3 km. Settlement lines formed by the single or double settlement chains located along the communication lines are adjacent to the areal populated territory. We have constructed the quantiareal map of the entire population density (rural-urban population areas), which adequately reflects the peculiarities of the population distribution. The map allows visualizing the quantitative differentiation of the populated territories based on the population density and separating them from the unpopulated areas. The map of population distribution areas can serve as the basis for mapping demographic, ethnographic, ecological, and socioeconomic characteristics of a population.
Impact of heating conditions on the synthesis dynamics of composites in a cylindrical mold
Authors: Bukrina N V , Knyazeva A G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper suggests a model of powder compact heating in a cylindrical mold. The model accounts for various conditions of the reactor wall heating by different devices available for a laboratory experiment. Different heating conditions are set as different boundary conditions. The effective thermophysical properties of the mixture in the reactor are considered to be constant. The treatise demonstrates the examples of numerical modeling for three heating conditions, which lead to different respective conditions of reaction initiation due to nonuniform temperature propagation in the compact.
Precondition for the use of hybrid additive-thermomechanical technology
Authors: Chumaevskii A V , Gusarova A V , Gurianov D A , Kalashnikov K N , Kalashnikova T A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Structural-phase state of gradient structures obtained in the course of additive electron-beam production, friction-stir treatment and hybrid additive-thermomechanical technology was investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Characteristic features of defect formation in materials obtained by additive method are revealed. The peculiarities of defects “healing” in additive materials after friction-stir treatment are determined. In tensile tests the mechanical properties of the samples before and after further post-treatment in aluminum alloys are measured.
Analytical methods of electron beam power evaluation for electron-beam welding with deep penetration
Authors: Dragunov V K , Terentyev E V , Sliva A P , Goncharov A L , Zhgut D A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Existing analytical methods for calculating electron-beam welding modes, which provide welds with required penetration depth, are described, and main disadvantages of these methods are shown. A new calculation method based on a model of moving cylindrical heat source, which involves moving of a cylinder with constant surface temperature in an infinite plate, is proposed. The proposed calculation method takes into account energy losses during metal melting and its partial evaporation. A comparison of experimental and calculated data obtained using the developed method and existing methods, is presented. Plates with a thickness of 32 mm from 5V titanium alloy, 27 mm from 40 Kh13 steel and 20 mm from D16 duralumin were used for experiments. It was shown that the developed method application made it possible to calculate with appropriate accuracy a required beam power during EBW of various materials.
Investigation of the microstructure of the heat-affected zone of low-alloyed steel during pulsed arc aelding under conditions of low climatic ambient temperatures
Authors: Golikov N I , Maksimova E M , Saraev Yu N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The development of a special technology of welding at low temperatures is an urgent scientific and technical challenge aimed at solving the problems of increasing the reliability and safety of products of equipment and structures operated under conditions of the North and the Arctic. One of the perspective technologies is pulsed arc welding. The structure of the heat- affected zones (HAZ) of welded joints produced by pulsed arc welding at an ambient temperature of 45 degrees Celsius below zero was studied. Two frequency modes were applied during modulated-current welding, and the results obtained were compared with the traditional method of manual arc welding with direct current. The features of the influence of the modulation frequency of the welding current and the temperature of the welding performance on the microstructure of the HAZ of 09G2S steel welded joints are revealed.
Study of structural non-homogeneity impact on mechanical properties of dissimilar weld joints of carbon steel 20 and corrosion-resistant austenitic 12Kh18N10T steel
Authors: Goncharov A L , Marchenkov A Yu , Terentyev E V , Zhmurko I E , Sliva A P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper is devoted to identifying features of structural non-homogeneities formation in dissimilar welded joints of carbon steel 20 to corrosion-resistant austenitic 12Kh18N10T steel, obtained by tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), as well as studying of their influence on the mechanical characteristics of welded joints under static and cyclic loading. Differences in the formation of a diffusion carbide interlayer in weld metal alloyed with nickel and manganese are established. When austenite is alloyed with nickel, bulk carbon diffusion occurs, while in manganese austenite boundary diffusion becomes the main mechanism for carbon diffusion, which occurs mainly along grain and sub-grain boundaries of austenite. As a result of mechanical tests, it was established that under static tension welded joint works under conditions of strengthening by a soft (ferritic) layer due to the restraint of transverse deformations by more solid (carbide) layer. The limits of soft interlayer dimensions, under which the softening of welded joint does not occur, are established that will allow to proceed to the extreme temperature-time parameters of heat treatment and operation of welded joint.
Investigation of thermo-EMF temperature dependences for construction materials of various structural classes
Authors: Goncharov A L , Chulkova A V , Rodyakina R V , Dragunov V K , Chulkov I S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the study of the thermo-EMF of various metals and alloys, which are widely used in welded structures. For the selected steels, the relationship between the absolute thermo-EMF and their structural class was established, and the dependences of the thermo-EMF on temperature were obtained. For some groups of steels, a method of predicting the thermo-EMF by chemical composition was developed.
Impact of amplitude modulation of heteropolar square current pulses on formation of permanent joints in metal structures under residual magnetization
Authors: Kiselev A S , Baklanov S V , Gordynets A S , Saraev Y N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work studies the impact of amplitude modulation of heteropolar current pulses on the formation of permanent joints of main pipelines done by manual shielded metal-arc welding. The results show that square pulsed current together with additional low-frequency current modulation facilitates formation of all weld layers in pipelines with residual magnetization. The work establishes that varying residual magnetization degree has no adverse effect on the quality of all layers of the permanent joints realized by modulated alternating square current, including their macrostructural and microstructural characteristics. This increases the technological stability of welding through elimination of electrode freezing during low-energy periods.
Determination of mechanical properties of coatings obtained by non-vacuum electron beam cladding
Authors: Krylova T A , Chumakov Yu A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A study on the mechanical properties of composite materials obtained by the method of non-vacuum electron-beam cladding of refractory powders on a steel substrate was carried out. The mechanical properties of composite with coatings were investigated by a three-point bending test at room temperature. The strength of the obtained composite was 4.5-6 times higher compared to that of low carbon steel depending on the deposition modes.
Reducing the distortion in thin-sheet structures made from high-strength steel based on CAE-welded joint analysis
Authors: Khaybrakhmanov R U , Korobov Y S , Bilenko G A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
High competition in the field of mechanical engineering requires the manufacture of lightweight thin-sheet structures made of high-strength steels ensuring the geometry of a certain accuracy. Supporting a given geometry is achievable by improving methods to reduce residual deformations. Therefore, the purpose of the investigation is to reduce the distortion based on the analysis of the influence of clamping rigidity on the stress-strain state of the assembly using computer simulation by the finite element method. The result of the study is a clamping model that allows to adjust the level of residual stresses and deformations, confirmed experimentally.
Finite element modeling of multiple electrode submerged arc welding of large diameter pipes
Authors: Khudyakov A , Korobov Y , Danilkin P , Kvashnin V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
For the process of multiple-electrode submerged arc welding (MESAW) of large- diameter pipes (LDP) a mathematical model has been developed with a numerical solution in the software product “SYSWELD”. The paper defines the parameters of double ellipsoid model of heat sources by J. Goldak. Using regression analysis of experimental data empirical formulas for calculating geometrical parameters of heat sources model by J. Goldak and deposition rate were developed for welding with direct current on positive polarity and alternating current. The model allows to predict the shape of weld and to estimate analytically the cooling rate in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The developed model and its numerical solutions with sufficient accuracy for practical calculations reflect the process of longitudinal welding of LDP.
Regularizing method for the analysis of CT images of welded joints of pipelines
Authors: Likhachev A V , Kiychenko T S , Likhachev N A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to improve the accuracy of the estimation of the shape and size of cracks in the welded seams of pipelines from their X-ray tomograms. Based on the results of previous studies, the procedure of deconvolution of projection data before reconstruction is considered. The influence of the value of the regularization parameter in the deconvolution algorithm based on the Fourier transform on the quality of the tomograms is investigated. In the numerical simulations, the estimates of the optimal values of the regularization parameter for different data recording conditions are derived.