bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV-15 Influence of the temperament of water buffaloes on the serum lipid levels
Authors: Francisco Caroline L , Castilhos André M , da Silva Daiane C Marques , da Silva Fabiola Martinez , Aranha Aline S , Jacaúna Amanna G , Luz Patricia A C , Paula Tania V , Oliveira Camila S , Jorge Andre M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the temperament of 75 water buffaloes of three genetic groups (GG: Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 25 for each GG) on serum lipid levels. The animals were classified for temperament through the temperament score (TSc) obtained by the mean of the sum of the scores of the entry time into the squeeze chute (1 to 5: 1=greater time spent for entry, and 5=less time spent for entry) and the exit velocity score (1 to 5: 1=lower speed, and 5=higher speed) calculated after the period of adaptation to the feedlot (d0). The animals were categorized into adequate (ADQ; TSc≤3) or excitable (EXC; TSc &gt;3) temperaments. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on days -28, 0, and 84, and evaluated for serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) using colorimetric enzymatic analyses performed by commercial kits. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, considering the GG, temperament, day, and the resulting interactions as fixed effects. The term day was used for repeated measures in time. Correlations were estimated using the CORR procedure in SAS. There were no interactions for the variables evaluated (P ≥ 0.11). ADQ animals showed lower levels of total cholesterol (65.95 vs 70.96mg/dL for ADQ and EXC, respectively; SEM=2.33; P = 0.04) and LDL (26.74 vs 30.40mg/dL for ADQ and EXC, respectively; SEM=1.57; P = 0.02) than EXC animals. There was no effect of temperament for the triglycerides (P = 0.41), HDL (P = 0.47), and VLDL (P = 0.46). Positive correlations were verified between both the TSc and triglycerides (r=0.32; P &lt; 0.01), and TSc and VLDL (r=0.33; P &lt; 0.01). Tendency for a positive correlation was detected between TSc and LDL (r=0.20; P = 0.09). In conclusion, there are differences in serum lipid levels between water buffalo temperaments which deserves further investigation. Supported by FAPESP (#2018/25939-1; #2014/05473-7).
PSIII-8 Difference between two fecal egg count methods and estimation of genetic parameters for gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits in sheep
Authors: Boareki Mohammed N , Willoughby Olivia , Kennedy Delma , Suarez-Vega Aroa , Schaeffer Larry , Schenkel Flavio , Canovas Angela 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Fecal egg count (FEC) is an indicative measurement for parasite infection in sheep. Different FEC methods may show inconsistent results. Not accounting for inconsistencies can be problematic when integrating measurements from different FEC methods for genetic evaluation. The objectives of this study were to: evaluate the difference between two FEC methods, the Modified McMaster (LMMR) and the Triple Chamber McMaster (LTCM); estimate the genetic and phenotypic correlations between records from two methods; and estimate genetic parameters for FEC and other gastrointestinal parasite resistance traits. A total of 1,676 fecal samples were collected from a commercial sheep farm between 2012 and 2019. Fecal egg counting was performed using the Modified McMaster (n = 998) and the Triple Chamber McMaster (n = 678) methods. Other parasite resistance trait records were collected from the same farm including eye score (FAMACHA©), body condition score (BCS), and body weight (WT). The mean and variance between the two FEC methods were significantly different (P &lt; 0.0001), but phenotypic and genetic correlations between them were high (0.88 and 0.94, respectively). Therefore, pre-adjustment is required prior to integrating data from the different methods. For multiple trait analysis with other parasite resistance traits, data from the two fecal egg counting methods were integrated (LFEC) by using records for the LMMR when available and replacing missing records with standardized LTCM records for mean and variance of LMMR. Heritability estimates were 0.12, 0.07, 0.17, and 0.24, for LFEC, FAMACHA©, BCS, and the WT, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations between fecal egg count and the other parasite resistance traits were low with FAMACHA© (0.24), BCS (-0.03), and WT (0.22), suggesting little to no benefit of using such traits as indicators for LFEC.
PSVIII-16 Interferon-TAU in the pathogenesis and prevention of intrauterine growth restriction and embryonic death in dairy cows
Authors: Shabunin Sergey , Mikhalev Vitaliy , Nezhdanov Anatoly , Safonov Vladimir , Parshin Pavel , Anipchenko Polina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of the research was to assess the state of the hormonal and cytokine blood profiles of Holstein dairy cows during the early period of gestation with physiological formation of the embryo, its intrauterine growth restriction and death, clarify the pathogenetic mechanisms of these embryopathologies development and identify the efficacy of their prevention using recombinant bovine INFT. The dynamics of serum concentration of P4, cortisol (F) and cytokines: INFT, interleukin IL-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interferon-γ (INF-γ) at the physiological formation of the embryo (n = 9), its growth restriction (n = 9) and death (n = 8) were studied. The blood samples were obtained on the day of artificial insemination, during early blastogenesis (days 8–9), implantation of the embryo (days 15–16), the formation of primary genital organs (days 32–33), and at the end of the embryonic period of development (days 60–65). In cows with intrauterine growth restriction and embryonic death, serum concentration of P4, compared with the cows demonstrating their physiological formation, was lower by 14.0–30.1%, F - by 11.2–35.5%, INFT - by 21.0–37.7% when the content of IL-2 was exceeded by 46.5–310.5%, TNFα - by 11.7–36.2%, INF-γ - by 58.0–296.0%. A statistically significant positive correlative relationship between the content of INFT, P4, F and a negative one with the indices of the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines was found. Violation of the hormonal-cytokine balance in the organisms of fertilized animals is a universal pathogenetic mechanism for the development of early embryopathies. Injections of recombinant bovine INFT to inseminated cows during the pre- and implantation periods increased the level of progesterone production and reduced the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. The efficacy of insemination of cows increased by 1.96 times, the manifestation of fetal/embryonic intrauterine growth restriction syndrome decreased by 2.35 times in comparison with the control animals.
PSVIII-12 Estimations of treatment schemes efficiency of bacterial mastitis in dairy cow and antibiotic resistance of identified pathogens
Authors: Artemyeva Olga , Nikanova Daria A , Kolodina Evgenia , Brovko Fedor , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The research was done on the herd (n = 3000) of cows of black-motley breed with an admixture of Holstein. At the first stage, the diagnosis was carried out by using the Keno test. There were selected 148 (4.9%) cow, which had of subclinical mastitis. For treatment, there were used the schemes tried and tested in the farm: (1) nisin, polymexin B, ketoprofen, methyl salicylate; (2) nisin, polymexin B, ketoprofen, ceftiofur; (3) amoxicillin, ketoprofen, methyl salicylate, prednisone. Before it, the allocation of pathogens was not carried out. After treatment the number of repeated cases of the disease reached 44.6%, which indicated the ineffectiveness of the treatment regimens used. At the second stage, samples of milk, nasal and vaginal mucus were taken from animals with a relapse of mastitis. Different pathogens were used to isolate pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Enterococcus spp., Ps. aeruginosa). The extracted isolates were identified based on the cultural and biochemical properties. The results were interpreted on the recommendation of EUCAST. Of all the animals examined, they simultaneously detected in milk 3 pathogens in 37.8%, 2 pathogens in 40.9%, and only one pathogen was isolated in 21.3%. Moreover, S. aureus (84.8%), Ps. aeruginosa (62.1%), Enterococcus spp. (34.8%) was found in smears from the vagina. The sensitivity of the selected pathogens to antimicrobials showed that 73% of S. aureus strains were resistant to ≥6 antibiotics, 47% E. coli to ≥7, 34% Shigella spp. to ≥4 and 21% Ps. aeruginosa to ≥4. The use of antibiotics of different groups without isolating the pathogen and determining its sensitivity leads to the appearance of multiresistant strains of bacteria and culling animals from the herd. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (AAAA-A18-118021590136-7) and the Russian Science Foundation (project 20-16-00106).
PSI-18 Performance of kiko wethers and katahdin rams co-stocked in woodlands with diverse vegetation
Authors: Paneru Bidur , Karki Uma , Ellis Nevershi , Bhattrai Shailes 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Small ruminant production in the southeast United States is mainly pasture based and most of the producers are small scale. Woodland grazing is becoming familiar with the producers and can serve as an alternative grazing system in the Southeast. Some literature is available on the performance of matured goats and sheep stocked separately in woodlands. However, information is lacking on the performance of goats and sheep when co-grazed in woodlands. The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of Kiko wethers and Katahdin rams co-stocked in woodlands. Eight Kiko wethers and five Katahdin rams (both mature) were co-stocked rotationally in three woodland plots (1-acre each) from mid-May to mid-October 2019. Each study plot had four different virtual sections with average vegetation-canopy height of 2.7 feet, 4.4 feet, 5.5 feet, and 5.7 feet (treatments) at the beginning of the study. Animals were stocked together in each plot and moved to the next plot when 50% of the available vegetation within animal’s reach was consumed. Animal performance data on live weight, body condition score (BCS) and FAMACHA score were collected before stocking animals in the study plots and every 14 days thereafter. Animal performance data were analyzed using GLM procedure with MANOVA options in SAS 9.4. Results showed that live weight of Kiko wethers ranged (163±5.9 - 177±5.9) lbs., body condition score ranged (2.4±0.09 - 3.4±0.09) and FAMACHA score ranged (2.0±0.08 - 2.4±0.08). Katahdin rams maintained live weight between (199±11.6 - 211±11.6) lbs., body condition score between (2.7±0.09 - 3.7±0.09) and FAMACH score between (1.8±0.12 - 2.2±0.12). BCS and FAMACHA score were in the normal range for grazing goats and sheep. Both animal species maintained satisfactory live weight, BSC and FAMACHA score in woodlands when co-stocked. Further study is needed to determine the performance of animals in higher nutritional demand.
PSI-15 Feeding garlic powder at low doses does not negatively affect feedlot cattle health
Authors: Cheang-Deis Iris , Lardner Bart , Rochon Kateryn , Barkema Herman W , Block Hushton , Cook Nigel , Durunna Obioha N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Antimicrobial and insectifugal effects have been reported for dehydrated garlic powder. With limited knowledge of its impact on the health of beef cattle, this study investigated whether free-choice minerals infused with garlic powder affected cattle blood parameters and long-term stress during the summer. A total of 104 crossbred steers (26 steers per group) were randomly assigned to either 0% garlic product (Control), 0.3% garlic-oil-based premix (GOil), 2.5% garlic powder (2.5% GP) or 5% garlic powder (5% GP). Feed and mineral supplements were fed separately in individual GrowSafe® bunks to monitor each steer’s feed and mineral intake. Measures of individual steer performance collected include body weights and gains, feed intake and ultrasound body fat levels. Blood was collected from 10 steers with the greatest intake and 5 steers with the least mineral intake in each group for biochemical and hematological analyses. Hair samples were clipped from each steer (3 times) from the rump region to evaluate differences cortisol levels as a measure of long-term stress. Preliminary results showed no difference in final body weight (P =0.19) and dry matter intake (P =0.89). However, compared with the control, all garlic treatment groups had greater average daily mineral intake (P = 0.003). The group that received GOil had a greater average daily gain (P = 0.002) and more gain-to-feed ratio (P =0.01) than other groups. No difference (P &gt;0.05) was observed in most serum biochemical parameters with the exception of 5% GP that had a significantly lower bilirubin (P = 0.0001) and albumin (P = 0.002) concentration but all biochemical and hematological measurements fell within the normal range for beef cattle. There was no difference (P = 0.29) among the groups for cortisol levels. The preliminary results show that low-dose infusion of garlic powder was not associated with any adverse health conditions in beef cattle.
PSI-9 Effect of Pen-Surface Temperature and Trace Mineral Source on Infrared Hide Temperature in Cattle Raised in Confinement Under a Natural-Feeding Protocol in Summer
Authors: Nelson William T , Branine Mark E , Bryant Tony C , Archibeque Shawn L , Wagner John J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thirty-two pens housing between 249–282 beef cattle each were blocked by arrival date and sex and used to investigate effects of pen-surface temperature, trace mineral source and sex on hide temperature. A randomized complete block design was used with 2 treatments: 1) Control, with inorganic sources for all trace minerals of interest; and 2) Test, with ProPath (Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) used to provide additional AA complexes of Zn and Mn, complexed Co, and ruminally-protected folic acid to basal control diet. Cattle were fed to meet requirements of JBS “Aspen Ridge” and observed twice monthly from June–September. Three observations per observation day were made at these times: 1) 0700–1000; 2) 1015–1315; 3) 1430–1700 (all times ± 30 min). Hide temperatures were observed caudal to glenohumeral joints of 10 black-hided and, when available, 10 non-black-hided animals per pen. Within each pen, surface temperatures were observed at 3 locations on the cement bunk apron and 7 locations on the dirt surface. Temperatures were observed using a Fluke VT04 visual infrared thermometer. Temperatures were greater on black-hided cattle than non-black-hided cattle (P &lt; 0.0001) and on steers than heifers (P &lt; 0.0001). Temperatures on Test cattle were greater (P = 0.0008) than temperatures on Control cattle, but this effect was small (0.251o C) and inconsistent across observation days (treatment within date interaction: P &lt; 0.0001). Pen-surface temperatures were greater in Time 2 than Time 1 (P &lt; 0.0001), but not different between Time 2 and Time 3 (P = 0.37). Hide temperatures on all cattle were correlated with pen-surface temperature (R2 = 0.43). Trace mineral source had a small but statistically significant effect on hide temperature. Correlations between hide temperature and visible signs of heat stress are unclear and warrant further observation.
PSI-2 Activity and rumination of implanted British × Continental steers vs. non-hormone treated counterparts consuming various levels of roughage throughout a 361-d growth window
Authors: Pillmore Sierra L , Kirkpatrick Tylo J , Wesley Kaitlyn R , Cooper Kimberly B , Francis Forest L , Tennant Travis , Nichols Wade , Hutcheson John , Lawrence Ty 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A serial-harvest study was conducted to evaluate rumination and activity of growing steers in response to implant and dietary roughage. Charolais×Angus steers (n = 80) were randomized to harvest (0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294, 336 or 378 DOF) and implant treatment (REV: Revalor-XS on d-0 and d-190 or CON: no implant). Activity and rumination were objectively monitored by SCR accelerometers attached to the left ear. Steers consumed 3 rations throughout the study: starter (38.5% roughage), intermediate (23% roughage), and finishing (8.5% roughage). Data was logged in 2-h increments from 77 steers across 361 d and analyzed using mixed models. Rumination and activity varied (P &lt; 0.01) within 24-h, exhibiting bimodal patterns; rumination peaked at 0600 and 1400 h and troughed at 1000 and 1800 h. Activity peaked at 0800 and 1800 h and troughed at 0400, 1200–1400, and 2200 h. Steers administered REV ruminated less (364 vs 380 min/d; P = 0.04) than CON; however, 24-h activity was similar (P = 0.29) among treatments. Treatment×roughage interactions (P &lt; 0.01) occurred for rumination and activity. Rumination tended to differ (P = 0.06) between CON consuming 38.5% and 23% roughage, however, CON steers ruminated (P &lt; 0.01) more than REV when consuming 8.5% roughage. Implanted and non-implanted steers ruminated less (P &lt; 0.01) as roughage inclusion decreased from 38.5% and 23% to 8.5% (457 and 439 vs 317 min/d) in the finishing ration. Activity was highest for steers consuming 38.5% roughage and was similar (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments; however, activity decreased (P &lt; 0.01) upon transition to 23 and 8.5% roughage. Activity peaks and troughs can be attributed to processing days and weather events. Implanted steers consuming 8.5% roughage were more active (342 vs. 337 and 333 min/d; P &lt; 0.01) than CON and REV steers consuming 23% roughage. In conclusion, rumination and activity are responsive to hour, dietary roughage and growth-promoting implants.
PSIV-1 Apparent and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Dry Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal Fed to Growing Pigs Without or With Organic Acids and Multi-Carbohydrase
Authors: Song Jichen , Nyachoti Charles Martin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM) is an attractive feed ingredient for swine not only as a protein source but also as a good source of energy because of its high fat content. Apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility in DESBM fed without or with organic acid (OA) and a multicarbohydrase (MC) supplementation to growing pigs were determined. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (17.3 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a replicated 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 4 periods, each consisting of 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Four cornstarch-based diets with 44.4% DESBM as the only source of AA, without or with OA and MC supplementation, and a 5% casein-cornstarch diet were used. All diets contained 0.3% titanium dioxide. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model procedures of SAS, with the final model including OA, MC, and the interaction between OA and MC as the main effects. The SID of indispensable AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs were: Arg, 93.2%; His, 85.1%; Ile, 87.1%; Leu, 87.6%; Lys, 88.7%; Met, 87.8%; Phe, 88.4%; Thr, 81.4%; Trp, 73.6%; Val, 84.5%. OA supplementation decreased the AID and SID (P &lt; 0.05) of Arg, Ile, Asp, and Glu, and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to decrease the AID and SID of Phe, Trp, Cys, Gly, and Tyr. MC supplementation did not affect the AID and SID of AA, and no interactive effect on AA digestibility was observed between OA and MC supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of OA and MC showed no positive effects on improving AA digestibility in DESBM fed to growing pigs.
PSIV-14 Fecal Microbiome of Horses Grazing Integrated Warm- and Cool-Season Grass Rotational Pasture Systems
Authors: Weinert Jennifer R , Biddle Amy S , Williams Carey A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize shifts in the fecal microbiota of horses grazing different forage types within integrated cool- and warm-season grass (CSG; WSG) pasture systems and to explore relationships between forage nutrients and microbial composition. Eight mares grazed integrated rotational systems containing mixed CSG and one of two WSG: bermudagrass or crabgrass. Fecal samples were collected after 2–3 weeks grazing WSG, CSG, and following an orchardgrass hay diet (HAY). Forage nutrients were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy and analyzed by two-way ANOVA in SAS (v.9.4). Following DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was conducted in QIIME 2 (v.2020.2) with Kruskall-Wallis tests for alpha diversity, Spearman correlation with forage nutrients, and taxonomic assignment with Greengenes. A random forest classifier and regressor determined ability to predict forage type and nutrients based upon bacterial composition. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Forage water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were greatest in CSG and lowest in WSG; neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was greater in HAY than CSG or WSG. Species richness and evenness (Shannon Index) was greater in horses adapted to WSG vs. CSG or HAY and was correlated with WSC (rs = -0.49) and ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESCrs = -0.62). The random forest classifier resulted in model accuracy of 1.0 and identified amplicon sequence variants (ASV) most important in prediction of forage type. Sixteen ASV were from the order Clostridiales including Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcacceae, and Veillonellaceae families and the genus Coprococcus. Other important taxa included Prevotella spp., Streptococcus luteciae, and Fibrobacter succinogenes. The regressor accurately predicted WSC (r2 = 0.95) and ESC (r2 = 0.84), but not NDF (r2 = 0.09). These results suggest that the equine hindgut microbiome is impacted by forage type and soluble carbohydrate content; however, further research is required to determine functional and physiological significance in grazing horses.
PSIV-13 Examining feedlot performance of Angus sired steers implanted with estradiol, trenbolone acetate, or a combined implant
Authors: Reichhardt Caleb C , Brady Tevan J , Briggs Reganne K , Smith Laura A , Bowman Brett , Thomas Aaron , Thornton Kara J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The goal of this research was to examine feedlot performance of steers receiving implants with different hormone composition. Fifty Angus sired steers were initially blocked by weight and placed into one of four implant treatment groups: no implant (CON), estrogen (E2; Compudose; 25.7 mg estradiol; Elanco Animal Health; Greenfield, IN), androgen (TBA; Finaplix H; 200 mg trenbolone acetate; Merck Animal Health; Madison, NJ), and a combination of estrogen and androgen (ETBA; Revalor-S; 120 mg trenbolone acetate + 24 mg estradiol; Merck Animal Health). Steers were randomly placed into pens equipped with GrowSafe® bunks and fed the same ration. Steers were weighed and ultra-sounded on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Blood was collected on days 0, 2, 10, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Average daily gain (ADG), backfat (BF), and weights were collected. Data were analyzed with day as a repeated measure using the ProcMixed procedure to test the main effect of implant. Both treatment and day had effects on weight of the steers (P &lt; 0.05) indicating that steers receiving ETBA gained more (P &lt; 0.05) than the CON or E2 steers. Steers implanted with ETBA or TBA had an increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG when compared to the CON steers. There was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of treatment or treatment*day on BF; however, BF did increase (P &lt; 0.05) over time. The information gathered from this trial corroborates that implants are an effective tool to increase overall growth of angus sired steers in feedlots and that a combined implant results in increased weight gain when compared to an E2 only implant or non-implanted animals. Future work is going to examine the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that improve growth of steers implanted with E2, TBA, or ETBA implants.