bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat morpho‐physiological traits and radiation use efficiency under interactive effects of warming and tillage management
Authors: Li Yibo , Hou Ruixing , Tao Fulu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the interactive effects of different warming levels and tillage managements on crop morphological and physiological traits and radiation use efficiency (RUE) is essential for breeding climate‐resilient cultivars. Here, we conducted temperature free‐air controlled enhancement (T‐FACE) experiments on winter wheat during two growth seasons in the North China Plain. The experiments consisted of three warming treatments and two tillage treatments (CT: conventional tillage and NT: no‐tillage). In the normal season, warming had significant positive effects on major morphological and physiological traits and increased significantly RUE of yield (RUEY) and biomass (RUEDM) by 13.3 and 11.3%, 19.3 and 12.4%, 42.3 and 43.7%, respectively, under the treatments of CTT1, CTT2 and NTT1 relative to the control (CTN, NTN). By contrast, in the warmer season, warming had negative effects on leaf width, light extinction coefficient, light‐saturated net photosynthetic rate, aboveground, stems and spike biomass and RUE from anthesis to maturity, and consequently grain yield under conventional tillage, but positive effects under no‐tillage. Our findings bring new insights into the mechanisms on the interactive effects of warming and tillage treatments on wheat growth and productivity; provide valuable information on crop ideotypic traits for breeding climate‐resilient crop cultivars.
Human leukocyte antigen disparities reduce relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: A single‐center retrospective study from China
Authors: Lin Yu‐chen , Luo Cheng‐juan , Miao Yan , Wang Jian‐min , Luo Chang‐ying , Qin Xia , Cai Jiao‐yang , Li Ben‐shang , Chen Jing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHSCT is the only proven curative therapy for JMML. Matching donor and recipient HLA alleles is considered optimal to reduce the risk of GVHD after HSCT but is not always possible. Only a limited number of studies have compared the influence of HLA disparities on HSCT outcomes for patients with JMML.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study among 47 children with JMML who received related or unrelated unmanipulated HSCT (March 2010‐October 2018). Among our participants, 27 (57.4%) donor‐recipient pairs had 0‐1 HLA disparities (Group 1: HLA‐matched or ≤1 allele/antigen mismatch donor) and 20 (42.6%) had ≥2 HLA disparities (Group 2: 2‐3 mismatched/haploidentical donors).ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 26.0 months (range: 1‐105 months), and the 5‐year probabilities of DFS and RI for the whole cohort were 54.6 ± 7.7% and 34.8 ± 15.0%, respectively. Compared to Group 1, Group 2 patients had a significantly lower RI (5.3 ± 10.5% vs 55.5 ± 20.9%, P ˂ .001), though similar rates of grade II–IV acute GVHD (60.0 ± 22.4% vs 33.3 ± 18.2%, P = .08), grade III–IV acute GVHD (25.0 ± 19.5% vs 7.4 ± 10.1%, P = .08), chronic GVHD (30.0 ± 20.9% vs 34.9 ± 18.8%, P = .85), NRM (20.0 ± 18.0% vs 3.9 ± 7.7%, P = .07), and DFS (74.4 ± 9.9% vs 41.3 ± 10.0%, P = .08).ConclusionsDisease relapse remains the major cause of treatment failure in JMML patients, especially in patients receiving HLA‐matched and limited HLA‐mismatched HSCT. Our findings suggest that donor‐recipient HLA disparities may improve the outcome of HSCT in children with JMML.
C1q‐binding DSA and allograft outcomes in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Hayde Nicole , Solomon Sonia , Caglar Elif , Ge Jasmine , Qama Eros , Colovai Adriana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDonor‐specific antibody (DSA) is an independent risk factor for antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) and graft loss. The C1q assay differentiates complement from non‐complement‐binding DSA and C1q‐binding DSA may lead to poor allograft survival. Our aim was to characterize the type of DSA seen in pediatric kidney transplant recipients and to determine whether complement binding DSA was associated with inferior graft survival.This was a single‐center retrospective study of 48 children who were transplanted between 2009 and 2016. DSA were monitored using Luminex single antigen beads. A negative crossmatch was required to proceed with transplantation. The median follow‐up time was 4.9 (3.4, 7.9) years. The median age was 12 (5.7, 15.4) years. DSA developed in 27/48 (56.3%), while C1q‐binding DSA developed in 17/27 (63%). There were no significant differences between DSA negative, C1q‐binding DSA, and C1q negative DSA, with regard to the number of HLA‐ABDR (P = .09) or HLA‐DQ mismatches alone (P = .16). For both C1q negative and C1q‐binding DSA, DQ was the most common target of the DSA (19/27; 70.4%). C1q‐binding DSA was associated with a significantly higher frequency of biopsy proven rejection (76.5%) when compared to C1q negative (10%) and DSA negative (14.3%); P = .001. Graft loss was seen in 6 (12.5%), all of whom had C1q‐binding DSA (P = .004). C1q‐binding DSA was most commonly directed to DQ antigens. C1q‐binding DSA was associated with increased rejection and graft loss. Monitoring for C1q‐binding DSA may risk stratify recipients and guide physician management.
Post‐operative fluid overload as a predictor of hospital and long‐term outcomes in a pediatric heart transplant population
Authors: Anderson Nicole M. , Bond Gwen Y. , Joffe Ari R. , MacDonald Christine , Robertson Charlene , Urschel Simon , Morgan Catherine J. ,   the Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Program Follow‐up Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPediatric patients undergoing heart transplant have a number of factors predisposing them to become fluid‐overloaded, including capillary leak syndrome. Capillary leak and FO are associated with organ injury and may influence both short‐ and long‐term outcomes. This study aimed to 1) determine the extent, timing, and predictors of post‐operative FO and 2) investigate the association of FO with clinically important outcomes.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2012, 70 children less than 6 years old had a heart transplant at our institution. This was a secondary analysis of data from an ongoing prospective cohort study.ResultsFO, defined as cumulative fluid balance greater than 10% of body weight in the first 5 post‐operative days, occurred in 16/70 patients (23%); 7 of these had more than 20% FO. Shorter donor ischemic time and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time were independently associated with increased risk of FO. FO >20% was a statistically significant independent predictor of mortality (P = .005), ventilation time, and PICU length of stay. There was no statistically significant association between identified neurodevelopment domains and FO.ConclusionsOur single‐center experience demonstrates that FO was common after pediatric heart transplant and was associated with worse clinical outcomes. FO is a potentially modifiable factor, and research is needed to better determine risk factors and whether intervention to reduce FO can improve outcomes in pediatric heart transplant patients.
CXCL10 immunomodulatory effect against infection caused by an antimony refractory isolate of Leishmania braziliensis in mice
Authors: Dutra Brunheld Maia , Rodrigues Naya Lúcia de Castro , Fonseca Francisco Rafael Marciano , de Moura Tatiana Rodrigues , Pacheco de Almeida Roque , de Jesus Amélia Ribeiro , Abreu Ticiana Monteiro , Pompeu Margarida Maria de Lima , Teixeira Clarissa Romero , Teixeira Maria Jania 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLeishmania braziliensis is the main causative agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil. Current treatment includes different drugs that have important side effects and identification of cases of parasite resistance to treatment support the search for new therapeutic strategies. Recent findings have indicated that CXCL10, a chemokine that recruits and activates Th1 cells, NK cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and B lymphocytes, is a potential alternative to treat Leishmania infection. Here, we tested CXCL10 immunotherapy against experimental infection caused by an antimony‐resistant isolate of Leishmania braziliensis. Following infection, mice were treated with CXCL10 for 7 days after onset of lesions. We demonstrate that mice treated with CXCL10 controlled lesion progression and parasite burden more efficiently comparing to controls. An increased IFN‐γ, IL‐10, TGF‐β and low IL‐4 production combined with a distinct inflammatory infiltrate composed by activated macrophages, lymphocytes and granulomas was observed in the CXCL10‐treated group comparing to controls. However, CXCL10 and Glucantime combined therapy did not improve CXCL10‐induced protective effect. Our findings reinforce the potential of CXCL10 immunotherapy as an alternative treatment against infection caused by L. braziliensis resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
A mushroom derived ‘carbohydrate‐fraction’ reinstates host‐immunity and protects from Leishmania donovani infection
Authors: Hussain Aabid , Ghosh Sanhita , Roy Kamalika , Nath Supriya , Sarkar Biswajyoti , Dutta Aritri , Maji Priyankar , Basu Shibani , Paul Sharmistha , Dey Somaditya , Chakraborty Kakuli , Raychaudhury Bikramjit , Acharya Krishnendu , Ganguly Jhuma , Pal Chiranjib 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe anti‐leishmanial effect of the ‘carbohydrate‐fraction’, isolated from an edible mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus, was evaluated against Leishmania donovani infection both in vitro and in vivo. Ahf‐Car induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines like TNF‐α and IL‐12, with subsequent downregulation of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines as TGF‐β and IL‐10, in vitro and in vivo along with a remarkable increase in the expressions of IL‐6, IL‐1β, IFN‐γ and IRFs, IRF‐7 and IRF‐8 in vivo. Ahf‐Car also reduced the parasite burden in the spleen and liver dose‐dependently with a simultaneous proliferation of Ly6C+ cells in the bone marrow of Leishmania‐infected experimental animals. It also increased the monocyte population dose‐dependently and the expression of the myeloid transcription factor PU.1, in vivo, which presumably signifies the expansion of protective macrophages. Thus, Ahf‐Car might be a potent anti‐leishmanial lead with unique and effective adjuvant capacity.
Cloning of PCS gene (TpPCS1) from Tagetes patula L. and expression analysis under cadmium stress
Authors: Zha Y. Q. , Zhang K. K. , Pan F. , Liu X. , Han S. M. , Guan P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Phytochelatins (PCs) constitute an important mechanism for plants to resist heavy metal stress. Widely found in higher plants, they are small heavy metal binding peptides, synthesized through catalysis of phytochelatin synthase (PCS). We speculate that there may be PCS genes in Peacock grass (Tagetes patula L., Asteraceae), which is an important reason for its rich cadmium.

In order to obtain the full‐length cDNA sequence of the PCS gene from T. patula L. used rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Meanwhile, Relative expression of TpPCS1 under different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) stress was analysed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).

Results found ORF of TpPCS1 genes with a length of 1970 bp, a gene coding area length of 1764 bp, coding for 587 amino acids. Expression of TpPCS1 under Cd stress was tissue specific. TpPCS1 in the root showed higher expression, while expression in the leaf and seed was relatively low.

This research demonstrates that expression of TpPCS1 enhanced the enrichment of cadmium in T. patula L. roots and could be used to construct a plant hyperexpression carrier that would provide new avenues for plant restoration technology.
Colonization and survival capacities underlying the multifaceted life of Rhodococcus sp. PBTS1 and PBTS2
Authors: Vereecke Danny , Fichtner Elizabeth J. , Lambert Paul Q. , Cooke Peter , Kilcrease James , Stamler Rio A. , Zhang Yucheng , Francis Isolde M. , Randall Jennifer J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the epidemiology of the newly emerged disease on pistachio rootstock designated pistachio bushy top syndrome (PBTS). Here, we analysed the survival and colonization capacities of the two causative agents, Rhodococcus corynebacterioides‐like PBTS1 and R. fascians PBTS2, in the different habitats they occupy. Additionally, we examined their chromosomal sequences for genes that would support their ecology and provide experimental evidence for some of their predicted functions. We demonstrate that the soil competence of PBTS2 is better than that of PBTS1 and that both bacteria behave chemotactically, allowing them to translocate from soil to the rhizoplane. Once on the rhizoplane and the phylloplane, the PBTS bacteria form extensive epiphytic biofilms, probably aided by exopolysaccharide production. From these biofilms, the bacteria colonize the plant's interior tissues through the formation of ingression sites, likely created by the localized activity of cell wall‐degrading enzymes. The observed systemic spreading of the PBTS strains throughout the plant tissues is probably mediated by surface motility and agrees with the occurrence of symptoms in both the aerial and root parts of the plant host. Based on all available information, we provide a working model on this pathosystem to be used as a conceptual framework for future research.
Storm‐flood‐dominated delta: A new type of delta in stormy oceans
Authors: Lin Wen , Bhattacharya Janok P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStorms are increasingly identified as a key depositional process. Their deposits show unique sedimentary characteristics, distinct from deposits of fair‐weather wave processes, but are not currently separated in classic ternary deltaic classification schemes. The term ‘storm‐flood‐dominated delta’ is proposed for a new type of delta that more fully represents deltas dominated by storm‐flood processes. This study describes several outcrop cliffs of the Gallup Formation, deposited during the Late Turonian to Early Coniacian in north‐west New Mexico, that exemplify storm‐generated facies and provide examples that can be used to generate a facies model for storm‐flood‐dominated deltas. Key identification criteria include extensive sharp‐based planar to hummocky cross‐stratified sandstone beds, commonly presenting as large‐sized gutter casts. They are interbedded with mudstones that show low bioturbation intensity and normally and inversely graded beds, suggesting direct deposition from river plumes. Major types of gutter casts are classified based on geometry and dimension. The gutter casts are interpreted as storm channels of storm‐flood‐dominated deltas and formed by erosion and infill of submerged channels resulting from offshore‐oriented downwelling currents that may include localized rip currents. These amalgamated channels are likely linked to multiple feeding rivers and distributary channels that ensured high sediment supply rates and highly efficient offshore‐directed sediment transport through hyperpycnal flows. A four‐component pyramidal classification scheme of deltaic deposition is employed to emphasize storms as a distinct process in contrast to the traditional classification that lumps storm and fair‐weather processes in a single ‘wave’ end‐member. The four‐component depositional model can be readily applied to interpret storm‐dominated environments and provide new insights into depositional processes of the marine realm. Recognition of storm processes in deciphering depositional evolution will also help to better understand control mechanisms of sequence stratigraphy, such as relative sea‐level changes, and to analyze sedimentary processes governing sediment transport in ‘source to sink’ systems.
The canonical RdDM pathway mediates the control of seed germination timing under salinity
Authors: Palomar Víctor Miguel , Garciarrubio Alejandro , Garay‐Arroyo Adriana , Martínez‐Martínez Coral , Rosas‐Bringas Omar , Reyes José L. , Covarrubias Alejandra A. 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYPlants respond to adverse environmental cues by adjusting a wide variety of processes through highly regulated mechanisms to maintain plant homeostasis for survival. As a result of the sessile nature of plants, their response, adjustment and adaptation to the changing environment is intimately coordinated with their developmental programs through the crosstalk of regulatory networks. Germination is a critical process in the plant life cycle, and thus plants have evolved various strategies to control the timing of germination according to their local environment. The mechanisms involved in these adjustment responses are largely unknown, however. Here, we report that mutations in core elements of canonical RNA‐directed DNA methylation (RdDM) affect the germination and post‐germination growth of Arabidopsis seeds grown under salinity stress. Transcriptomic and whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) analyses support the involvement of this pathway in the control of germination timing and post‐germination growth under salinity stress by preventing the transcriptional activation of genes implicated in these processes. Subsequent transcriptional effects on genes that function in relation to these developmental events support this conclusion.
Pancreatic GLP-1r binding potential is reduced in insulin-resistant pigs
Authors: Malbert Charles-Henri , Chauvin Alain , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe insulinotropic capacity of exogenous glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is reduced in type 2 diabetes and the insulin-resistant obese. We have tested the hypothesis that this response is the consequence of a reduced pancreatic GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1r) density in insulin-resistant obese animals.Research design and methodsGLP-1r density was measured in lean and insulin-resistant adult miniature pigs after the administration of a68Ga-labeled GLP-1r agonist. The effect of hyperinsulinemia on GLP-1r was assessed using sequential positron emission tomography (PET), both in the fasted state and during a clamp. The impact of tissue perfusion, which could account for changes in GLP-1r agonist uptake, was also investigated using68Ga-DOTA imaging.ResultsGLP-1r binding potential in the obese pancreas was reduced by 75% compared with lean animals. Similar reductions were evident for fat tissue, but not for the duodenum. In the lean group, induced hyperinsulinemia reduced pancreatic GLP-1r density to a level comparable with that of the obese group. The reduction in blood to tissue transfer of the GLP-1r ligand paralleled that of tissue perfusion estimated using68Ga-DOTA.ConclusionsThese observations establish that a reduction in abdominal tissue perfusion and a lower GLP-1r density account for the diminished insulinotropic effect of GLP-1 agonists in type 2 diabetes.
HbA1c reduction following flash monitoring commencement is not independently associated with adverse diabetic eye disease outcomes in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Al-Dalla Ali Muhammad , Stimson Roland H , Dover Anna R , Forbes Shareen , Annoh Roxanne , Madill Karen , Gibb Fraser W 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIntensification of therapy has been associated with early worsening of retinopathy prior to subsequent risk reduction. We sought to assess whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction, following flash monitoring, was associated with early worsening.Research design and methodsAn observational study in 541 individuals with type 1 diabetes and paired HbA1c and eye assessment prior to and following flash monitoring commencement.ResultsChange in HbA1c was −4 mmol/mol (IQR −9–1) (−0.4% (−0.8–0.1)) and 25% achieved a fall in HbA1c of ≥10 mmol/mol. The occurrence of the composite end point (panretinal photocoagulation, macular laser or anti-VEGF therapy) was associated with baseline HbA1c >75 mmol/mol (9.0%) (HR 4.0 (95% CI 2.0 to 7.9), p<0.001) but not with fall in HbA1c of ≥10 mmol/mol (0.9%) (HR 1.6 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.2), p=0.203) over a follow-up period of 615 days (527–863). In multivariate analysis, diabetes duration (p=0.035) and prior retinopathy (p<0.001) were most predictive of the composite end point. Baseline HbA1c was the strongest predictor of worsening retinopathy (p=0.002) or new retinopathy (p=0.002) in multivariate analysis whereas change in HbA1c was not independently associated with either (p=0.930 and p=0.830, respectively).ConclusionsProgression of eye disease is associated with baseline HbA1c, diabetes duration and previous retinopathy and such individuals should be monitored during intensification of glycemic therapy. Reassuringly, the extent of glucose lowering does not appear to be an independent risk factor for early worsening of eye disease in this context.
HbA1c during early pregnancy reflects beta-cell dysfunction in women developing GDM
Authors: Bozkurt Latife , Göbl Christian S , Leitner Karoline , Pacini Giovanni , Kautzky-Willer Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIt is of current interest to assess eligibility of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a screening tool for earlier identification of women with risk for more severe hyperglycemia in pregnancy but data regarding accuracy are controversial. We aimed to evaluate if HbA1c mirrors pathophysiological precursors of glucose intolerance in early pregnancy that characterize women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Research design and methods220 pregnant women underwent an HbA1c measurement as well as an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with multiple measurements of glucose, insulin and C-peptide for evaluation of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function at 16th gestational week (IQR: 14–18). Clinical follow-ups were performed until end of pregnancy.ResultsIncreased maternal HbA1c ≥5.7% (39 mmol/mol) corresponding to pre-diabetes outside of pregnancy was associated with altered glucose dynamics during the OGTT. Pregnancies with early HbA1c ≥5.7% showed higher fasting (90.4±13.2 vs 79.7±7.2 mg/dL, p<0.001), mean (145.6±31.4 vs 116.2±21.4 mg/dL, p<0.001) as well as maximum glucose concentrations and tended to a delay in reaching the maximum glucose level compared with those with normal-range HbA1c (186.5±42.6 vs 147.8±30.1 mg/dL, p<0.001). Women with increased HbA1c showed impaired beta-cell function and differences in disposition index independent of body mass index status. We observed a high specificity for the HbA1c cut-off of 5.7% for GDM manifestation (0.96, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98) or need of glucose-lowering medication (0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98) although overall predictive accuracy was moderate to fair. Further, elevated HbA1c was associated with higher risk for delivering large-for-gestational-age infants, also after adjustment for GDM status (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 15.0, p=0.018).ConclusionsHbA1c measured before recommended routine screening period reflects early pathophysiological derangements in beta-cell function and glucose disposal that are characteristic of GDM development and may be useful in early risk stratification.