bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic spinal injuries in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective single-centre medical record review
Authors: Alawad Mohammad O , Alenezi Nasser , Alrashedan Bander S , Alsabieh Mohammed , Alnasser Abdulrahman , Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi , Surur Saad 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the patterns and outcomes of traumatic spinal injuries (TSIs) in a tertiary care trauma centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.DesignRetrospective medical record review.SettingLevel 1 trauma centre for all patients presented from 1 February 2016 to 31 December 2018.Participants and dataRecords of patients presenting with any spinal trauma were reviewed, and the data obtained included age, gender, nationality (as Saudi and non-Saudi), date of presentation, site of fracture/injury, associated injuries, mechanism of injury, presence of neurological involvement and hospital mortality.Main outcomesFrequencies of different types of TSI across various subgroups.ResultsWe identified 692 patients who presented with TSI throughout the study period. The mean age was 36.9 years. Males represented 83.2% (n=576) of the sample size, and the most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collision (MVC), accounting for 66.8% of cases (n=462), while fall-related injuries were seen in 31.6% of cases (n=219). A total of 454 (65.6%) of all patients were Saudi, and 332 (73.1%) of the TSIs in Saudis were due to MVC. Non-Saudi cases accounted for 238 (34.4%) of all patients, and 89 (37.4%) of the non-Saudi injuries were due to falls from height, and this association was statistically significant (p<0.001).ConclusionTSI was not thoroughly examined in Saudi Arabia; therefore, this study is considered the first to be done in the Kingdom using a representative sample. The fact that non-Saudi patients had a higher proportion of falls as a mechanism of injury should be taken into consideration in terms of raising awareness and taking more safety precautions, as most construction workers tend to be expatriates.
Prevalence of limited health literacy and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Perak, Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdullah Adina , Ng Chirk Jenn , Liew Su May , Ambigapathy Subashini , V Paranthaman , Chinna Karuthan 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveLimited health literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to poorer diabetes knowledge, less medication adherence and increased healthcare cost. The purpose of this paper was to report the prevalence of limited health literacy in patients with T2DM and to identify factors that are associated with it.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2018; data on patients’ sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes knowledge, perceived social support and health literacy level were collected. Health literacy level was measured using the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47).SettingPatients were recruited from four primary care clinics in Perak, Malaysia.ParticipantsAdult patients diagnosed with T2DM who attended the study clinics during the study period.Primary outcome variablePatients with HLS-EU-Q47 General Index of ≤33 points were classified as having limited health literacy.ResultsThe prevalence of limited health literacy was 65.3% (n=279). In bivariate analysis, patients’ ethnicity (p=0.04), highest education level (p<0.001), monthly income (p=0.003), having health insurance (p=0.007), English language fluency (p<0.001), Malay language fluency (p=0.021), attending diabetes education sessions (p<0.001), perceived social support (p<0.001) and diabetes knowledge (p=0.019) were factors associated with limited health literacy. In logistic regression, not being fluent in English was associated with limited health literacy (OR=2.36, 95% CI 1.30 to 4.30) whereas having high perceived social support (OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.69) and having attended diabetes education sessions (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.68) were associated with adequate health literacy.ConclusionThe prevalence of limited health literacy is high among patients with T2DM in Perak, Malaysia. Strategies to improve health literacy in these patients must consider the influences of English fluency, attendance at diabetes education sessions and social support, and may need to adopt a universal approach to addressing limited health literacy.
Efficacy and safety of early treatment with sarilumab in hospitalised adults with COVID-19 presenting cytokine release syndrome (SARICOR STUDY): protocol of a phase II, open-label, randomised, multicentre, controlled clinical trial
Authors: León López Rafael , Fernández Sheila Cárcel , Limia Pérez Laura , Romero Palacios Alberto , Fernández-Roldán María Concepción , Aguilar Alonso Eduardo , Pérez Camacho Inés , Rodriguez-Baño Jesús , Merchante Nicolás , Olalla Julián , Esteban-Moreno M Ángeles , Santos Marta , Luque-Pineda Antonio , Torre-Cisneros Julian 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionAbout 25% of patients with COVID-19 develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with a high release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). The aim of the SARICOR study is to demonstrate that early administration of sarilumab (an IL-6 receptor inhibitor) in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, pulmonary infiltrates and a high IL-6 or D-dimer serum level could reduce the progression of ARDS requiring high-flow nasal oxygen or mechanical ventilation (non-invasive or invasive).Methods and analysisPhase II, open-label, randomised, multicentre, controlled clinical trial to study the efficacy and safety of the administration of two doses of sarilumab (200 and 400 mg) plus best available therapy (BAT) in hospitalised adults with COVID-19 presenting cytokine release syndrome. This strategy will be compared with a BAT control group. The efficacy and safety will be monitored up to 28 days postadministration. A total of 120 patients will be recruited (40 patients in each arm).Ethics and disseminationThe clinical trial has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the coordinating centre and authorised by the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Products. If the hypothesis is verified, the dissemination of the results could change clinical practice by increasing early administration of sarilumab in adult patients with COVID-19 presenting cytokine release syndrome, thus reducing intensive care unit admissions.Trial registration numberNCT04357860.
Retrospective comparison of approaches to evaluating inter-observer variability in CT tumour measurements in an academic health centre
Authors: Woo MinJae , Heo Moonseong , Devane A Michael , Lowe Steven C , Gimbel Ronald W 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundA growing number of research studies have reported inter-observer variability in sizes of tumours measured from CT scans. It remains unclear whether the conventional statistical measures correctly evaluate the CT measurement consistency for optimal treatment management and decision-making. We compared and evaluated the existing measures for evaluating inter-observer variability in CT measurement of cancer lesions.Methods13 board-certified radiologists repeatedly reviewed 10 CT image sets of lung lesions and hepatic metastases selected through a randomisation process. A total of 130 measurements under RECIST 1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) guidelines were collected for the demonstration. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman plotting and outlier counting methods were selected for the comparison. The each selected measure was used to evaluate three cases with observed, increased and decreased inter-observer variability.ResultsThe ICC score yielded a weak detection when evaluating different levels of the inter-observer variability among radiologists (increased: 0.912; observed: 0.962; decreased: 0.990). The outlier counting method using Bland-Altman plotting with 2SD yielded no detection at all with its number of outliers unchanging regardless of level of inter-observer variability. Outlier counting based on domain knowledge was more sensitised to different levels of the inter-observer variability compared with the conventional measures (increased: 0.756; observed: 0.923; improved: 1.000). Visualisation of pairwise Bland-Altman bias was also sensitised to the inter-observer variability with its pattern rapidly changing in response to different levels of the inter-observer variability.ConclusionsConventional measures may yield weak or no detection when evaluating different levels of the inter-observer variability among radiologists. We observed that the outlier counting based on domain knowledge was sensitised to the inter-observer variability in CT measurement of cancer lesions. Our study demonstrated that, under certain circumstances, the use of standard statistical correlation coefficients may be misleading and result in a sense of false security related to the consistency of measurement for optimal treatment management and decision-making.
Knowledge level and factors influencing prevention of COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Dessie and Kombolcha City administrations, North-East Ethiopia: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kassa Ayesheshim Muluneh , Mekonen Asnakew Molla , Yesuf Kedir Abdu , Woday Tadesse Abay , Bogale Getahun Gebre 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveIn Ethiopia, community-level knowledge about the current COVID-19 pandemic has not been well studied. This study is aimed to assess knowledge level and factors influencing the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic among residents of Dessie and Kombolcha city administrations, Ethiopia.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingsDessie and Kombolcha city administrations.ParticipantsParticipants were household heads or members (n=828, >18 years) who have lived in the study area for at least 2 months preceding the survey.MethodsBinary logistic regression was used for a single outcome and multiple response variables. In the multivariable regression model, a value of p<0.05 and adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI were used to identify factors associated with knowledge level of the community. Epi Info V.7.2 and SPSS V.20 software were used for data entry and analysis, respectively.OutcomeKnowledge level.ResultsA total of 828 participants was involved with a response rate of 98%. Women were 61.7%. Participants’ mean (±SD) age was 39 (±14) years. Of the total participants 54.11% (95% CI 50.6% to 57.6%) had inadequate knowledge about COVID-19 prevention. Significant associations were reported among women (AOR=1.41; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.92); age ≥65 years (AOR=2.72; 95% CI 1.45 to 5.11); rural residence (AOR=2.69; 95% CI 1.78 to 4.07); unable to read and write (AOR=1.60; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.51); information not heard from healthcare workers, mass media and social media (AOR=1.95; 95% CI 1.35 to 2.82), (AOR=2.5; 95% CI 1.58 to 4.19) and (AOR=2.13; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.42), respectively, with inadequate knowledge.ConclusionThese findings revealed that more than 50% of participants had inadequate knowledge about COVID-19. It highlights the need for widespread awareness campaigns about COVID-19 through mass media, healthcare professionals and social media as sources of information. House-to-house awareness creation is recommended to address older adults who are more vulnerable to the pandemic.
Folding drives cortical thickness variations
Authors: Holland Maria A. , Budday Silvia , Li Gang , Shen Dinggang , Goriely Alain , Kuhl Ellen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe cortical thickness is a characteristic biomarker for a wide variety of neurological disorders. While the structural organization of the cerebral cortex is tightly regulated and evolutionarily preserved, its thickness varies widely between 1.5 and 4.5 mm across the healthy adult human brain. It remains unclear whether these thickness variations are a cause or consequence of cortical development. Recent studies suggest that cortical thickness variations are primarily a result of genetic effects. Previous studies showed that a simple homogeneous bilayered system with a growing layer on an elastic substrate undergoes a unique symmetry breaking into a spatially heterogeneous system with discrete gyri and sulci. Here, we expand on that work to explore the evolution of cortical thickness variations over time to support our finding that cortical pattern formation and thickness variations can be explained – at least in part – by the physical forces that emerge during cortical folding. Strikingly, as growth progresses, the developing gyri universally thicken and the sulci thin, even in the complete absence of regional information. Using magnetic resonance images, we demonstrate that these naturally emerging thickness variations agree with the cortical folding pattern in n = 9 healthy adult human brains, in n = 564 healthy human brains ages 7–64, and in n = 73 infant brains scanned at birth, and at ages one and two. Additionally, we show that cortical organoids develop similar patterns throughout their growth. Our results suggest that genetic, geometric, and physical events during brain development are closely interrelated. Understanding regional and temporal variations in cortical thickness can provide insight into the evolution and causative factors of neurological disorders, inform the diagnosis of neurological conditions, and assess the efficacy of treatment options.
Biological lipid nanotubes and their potential role in evolution
Authors: Gözen Irep , Dommersnes Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe membrane of cells and organelles are highly deformable fluid interfaces, and can take on a multitude of shapes. One distinctive and particularly interesting property of biological membranes is their ability to from long and uniform nanotubes. These nanoconduits are surprisingly omnipresent in all domains of life, from archaea, bacteria, to plants and mammals. Some of these tubes have been known for a century, while others were only recently discovered. Their designations are different in different branches of biology, e.g. they are called stromule in plants and tunneling nanotubes in mammals. The mechanical transformation of flat membranes to tubes involves typically a combination of membrane anchoring and external forces, leading to a pulling action that results in very rapid membrane nanotube formation – micrometer long tubes can form in a matter of seconds. Their radius is set by a mechanical balance of tension and bending forces. There also exists a large class of membrane nanotubes that form due to curvature inducing molecules. It seems plausible that nanotube formation and functionality in plants and animals may have been inherited from their bacterial ancestors during endosymbiotic evolution. Here we attempt to connect observations of nanotubes in different branches of biology, and outline their similarities and differences with the aim of providing a perspective on their joint functions and evolutionary origin.
Clay nanolayer encapsulation, evolving from origins of life to future technologies
Authors: Fossum Jon Otto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClays are the siblings of graphite and graphene/graphene-oxide. There are two basic ways of using clays for encapsulation of sub-micron entities such as molecules, droplets, or nanoparticles, which is either by encapsulation in the interlayer space of clay nanolayered stacked particles (“the graphite way”), or by using exfoliated clay nanolayers to wrap entities in packages (“the graphene way”). Clays maybe the prerequisites for life on earth and can also be linked to the natural formation of other two-dimensional materials such as naturally occurring graphite and its allotropes. Here we discuss state-of-the-art in the area of clay-based encapsulation and point to some future scientific directions and technological possibilities that could emerge from research in this area.
Distortion of surfactant lamellar phases induced by surface roughness
Authors: Nouhi Shirin , Koutsioubas Alexandros , Kapaklis Vassilios , Rennie Adrian R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelf-assembly is a characteristic property of soft matter. Understanding the factors which assist or perturb this process is of great importance in many biological and industrial processes. Amphiphiles self-assemble and order into a variety of structures including well-ordered lamellar phases. The present work uses neutron reflectometry and neutron scattering to explore the effects of both interface roughness and temperature on the lamellar-phase structure of a non-ionic surfactant at a solid/liquid interface. The structure of concentrated solutions of tetraethyleneglycol dodecyl ether has been compared against a smooth surface and one with a roughness of the order of the lamellar spacing. This has been done in order to investigate the role perturbations have on the overall lamellar order, when these have length scales of the order of the interactions between neighboring lamellae. The results showed that the surfactant forms a well-ordered and aligned structure at a smooth surface, extending to a depth of several micrometers from the interface. Increasing the temperature of the sample and subsequent cooling promotes alignment and increases the number of oriented layers at the surface. The same sample forms a significantly less aligned structure against a rough surface that does not align to the same extent, even after heating. The perturbation of the structure caused by thermal fluctuations was found to be much less than that imposed by a small surface roughness.
Os biblioepigramas do livro Apoforeta de Marcial
Authors: Agnolon Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar tradução poética inédita de quatorze epigramas pertencentes ao livro Apoforeta, segundo as edições modernas, o décimo quarto livro de epigramas de Marcial. Os poemas que vertemos constituem um ciclo de epigramas todo ele dedicado aos livros com que, ao londo dos banquetes das Saturnais, os convivas poderiam ser presenteados. "Poemas-cartões" que eram, remetiam, de um lado, à função originária do epigrama como "inscrição", e, de outro, conforme a subespécie "enigma", da epigramática helenística, convidavam o destinatário presente a adivinhar o que ganhara, aspecto que se relacionava com o caráter lúdico da festa. Mas também podiam os epigramas do ciclo ser compreendidos como "biblioepigramas", já que, na brevíssima descrição da obra literária, Marcial tanto fazia as vezes de poeta-filólogo, porque ao tecer juízos poéticos e retóricos assumia discurso crítico, como de poeta-bibliófilo, ao remeter o leitor à materialidade do livro. O livro como objeto indica para o leitor de hoje o matiz helenístico com que o poeta, incorporando a tradição precedente, a julgava e para o público antigo cumpria a função precípua e imediata do mimo que, em virtude das belas encadernações, devia agradar os olhos antes de tudo.
11 poemas de Propércio (I, 1-11) traduzidos com o verdadeiro dístico elegíaco de Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos
Authors: Oliva Neto João Angelo 
Published: November 2020

Para traduzir a Elegia II, 27 de Propércio (1964), Péricles Eugênio da Silva Ramos forjou um rigoroso dístico português formado de alexandrino perfeito e decassílabo heroico, diferentemente do que fizeram seus seguidores diretos e indiretos, inclusive eu, que utilizaram outros tipos de dodecassílabos e decassílabos. Proponho-me agora primeiro a estabelecer as caracterísiticas precisas do dístico de Péricles Eugênio e o poder que tem para reproduzir melhor em português a katálexis, isto é, a supressão de sílabas do pentâmetro datílico em relação ao hexâmetro datílico. Estabelecidas as "leis" deste dístico, após breves considerações sobre o uso do hipérbato e da segunda pessoa em português, proponho como experimento praticar o dístico de Péricles Eugênio nos onze primeiros poemas do livro primeiro de Elegia de Propércio.
Entrevista com Jaa Torrano - Tradução da acribia poética
Authors: Malta André 
Published: November 2020

Nos 40 anos (que completa em 2015) como professor de língua e literatura grega na FFLCH-USP, Jaa Torrano (Olímpia/SP, 1949) criou uma forma muito particular de transposição, segundo a qual verter é fonte e fim da atividade de interpretação. Mas quem o conhece sabe: essa opção pela não dissociação entre estudo e versão não o fez corroborar a ideia batida - e ainda difundida entre acadêmicos - de que traduzir é prosaicamente transportar sentidos. Torrano, ao contrário, forjou uma economia poética, porque atento à voz do mito grego - a uma linguagem que tem, como já disse, seu próprio mo(vi)mento - e porque desinteressado de formalismos (ritmos, metros, sons) que por vezes estrangulam o conceito de "poético" entre nós. Os resultados, que podem ser conferidos no tratamento dado seja à épica de Hesíodo (Teogonia/1981), seja às sete peças de Ésquilo (Oresteia/2004; Tragédias/2009) e dezenove de Eurípides (no prelo), revelam um verso solto mas nunca frouxo, preciso e denso, pessoal e reverberante, verque que evidencia, assim, a presença de outras exigências e a necessidade de outros desafios, nas entrelinhas, para além da materialidade do verso.
A tradução da Olímpica I de Píndaro: de José Bonifácio a considerações sobre a performance ritual
Authors: Romero Sérgio Luiz Gusmão Gimenes 
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo proponho-me a abordar a poesia de Píndaro considerando, do ponto de vista da execução de seus epinícios performáticos das odes pindáricas, tomadas em sua dimensão poético-ritual. Apresentamos uma tradução da Olímpica I, que é uma das odes de Píndaro mais conhecidas pelo público de língua portuguesa e ocupa posição privilegiada no corpus pindárico, sendo ela, o epinício escolhido desde Alexandria para abrir o livro das Olímpicas; fazendo ainda uma breve referência à tradução para o português da mesma ode por José Bonifácio de Andrade e Silva, o ilustre "patriarca da independência" do Brasil, no século XIX. Nossa proposta consiste em considerar a dimensão performática dos epinícios chamando a atenção para o fato de que uma ode de Píndaro consiste num fragmento de uma obra maior e mais complexa que envolvia ainda, além da letra, a música e a expressão corporal. Parece-nos de fundamental importância que as odes de Píndaro não sejam tomadas como um texto de expressão unicamente verbal, mas que a consciência de sua fragmentação e de sua unidade origial impregne a leitura e a tradução da poética pindárica.
A "seção romana" de Alexandra, de Lícofron (vv. 1226-1282)
Authors: Brunhara Rafael 
Published: November 2020

A "seção romana" do poema Alexandra de Lícofron é uma passagem de 56 versos em que a profetiza prevê um futuro grandioso para os descendentes e, ao contrário, um funesto porvir aos próprios aqueus. A passagem tão conveniente à prespectiva da Eneida, que há quem creia tratar-se de interpolação, entre outros motivos pelo fato de ser a primeira intersecção entre o mito de Eneias e o de Rômulo e Remo. A tradução dos trímetros jâmbicos foi feita em dodecassílabos acentuados na sexta sílaba, mantendo-se anacolutos, hipérbatos, cavalgamentos, que produzem a já notória estranheza da sintaxe do poema. Procuro manter por compensação as recorrências sonoras e a logopeia.
A verdade é doce: estudo e tradução de "As Graças ou Hierão", Idílio 16 de Teócrito de Siracusa
Authors: Nogueira Érico 
Published: November 2020

Antes de apresentar tradução em versos hexatônicos do Idílio 16 de Teócrito de Siracusa, "As Graças ou Hierão", analiso neste artigo como num poema idílico se efetiva o encômio a Hierão de Siracusa, de quem Teócrito buscava proteção. As Graças, que personificam a poesia de Teócrito, queixam-se, na metade inicial do poema, da humilhação que sofreram por não obter protetor. Indignado, o poeta investe contra os insensíveis mirando a atenção de Hierão, que estava na iminência de guerrear contra os cartagineses. O verso hexatônico refaz os seis ictos do hexâmetro datílico antigo, sem a rigidez de outras importantes tentativas de refazer o hexâmetro em português, como as de Carlos Alberto Nunes.