bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-HDL Cholesterol Levels in Childhood and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Adulthood
Authors: Juonala Markus , Wu Feitong , Sinaiko Alan , Woo Jessica G. , Urbina Elaine M. , Jacobs David , Steinberger Julia , Prineas Ronald , Koskinen Juha , Sabin Matthew A. , Burgner David P. , Burns Trudy L. , Bazzano Lydia , Venn Alison , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Hutri-Kähönen Nina , Daniels Stephen R. , Dwyer Terence , Raitakari Olli T. , Magnussen Costan G. 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:
Elevated non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are used to identify children at increased cardiovascular risk, but the use of non–HDL-C in childhood to predict atherosclerosis is unclear. We examined whether the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute classification of youth non–HDL-C status predicts high common carotid artery intima-media thickness in adulthood.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from 4 prospective cohorts among 4582 children aged 3 to 19 years who were remeasured as adults (mean follow-up of 26 years). Non–HDL-C status in youth and adulthood was classified according to cut points of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. High carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in adulthood was defined as at or above the study visit-, age-, sex-, race-, and cohort-specific 90th percentile of intima-media thickness.

RESULTS:
In a log-binomial regression analysis adjusted with age at baseline, sex, cohort, length of follow-up, baseline BMI, and systolic blood pressure, children with dyslipidemic non–HDL-C were at increased risk of high cIMT in adulthood (relative risk [RR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.55). Compared with the persistent normal group, the persistent dyslipidemia group (RR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.37–2.37) and incident dyslipidemia (normal to dyslipidemia) groups (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.07–1.96) had increased risk of high cIMT in adulthood, but the risk was attenuated for the resolution (dyslipidemia to normal) group (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97–1.41).

CONCLUSIONS:
Dyslipidemic non–HDL-C levels predict youth at risk for developing high cIMT in adulthood. Those who resolve their non–HDL-C dyslipidemia by adulthood have normalized risk of developing high cIMT in adulthood.
Government regulation and consumer evaluation after dairy products scandal in China
Authors: Shao Y. , Chen G. , Li R. , Liu F. 
Published: March 2020

With the continuous expansion of the global dairy trade market, the quality and safety of the Chinese dairy market have a wide and far-reaching impact on the world. Based on the development of the dairy scandal in the past few years in China, this study illustrates the serious damage of melamine on human health and the negative impact on the dairy industry in China.
This study shows that the lack of effective government regulations is a key reason for dairy market failure. Consumers are lacking confidence in the quality of Chinese dairy products and the government's market regulations. The Chinese dairy market will continue to rely on imported dairy products. By analyzing the typical cases of the dairy market in China, this study aims to provide a guide for dairy industries in other countries.
Comparative assessment of barium tagging options for residual colonic contents at virtual colonoscopy
Authors: Leysle A. K. , Zavadovskaya V. D. , Ushakov A. V. , Zhogina T. V. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: to compare the quality of residual colonic content tagging with 25 and 50 g of BAR-VIPS, the basе of which is barium sulfate (BaSO4), in preparing patients for virtual colonoscopy (VСS) and to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the method in both cases.Material and methods. The paper presents the results of VCS in 100 patients divided into two groups containing equal numbers (n = 50) according to the contrast medium dose (25 and 50 g). In each group, the quality of fecal tagging (FT) was compared by its presence and degree and by the presence and completeness of high-density artifacts for residual liquid and solid fragments separately. The reliability of the results of VCS versus fibrocolonoscopy was assessed in detecting additional colon tumors of three sizes (<6, 6-9, and ≥10 mm) in each group of patients. These results were used to calculate the diagnostic efficiency of VCS in each group.Results. The investigation showed significantly lower FT quality indicators in the patients using 25 g of BAR-VIPS than in those having 50 g of the same agent (p = 0.00001). Naturally to the quality of FT, all VCS information capability indices for all sizes of colonic tumors were lower in the 25-g group than those in 50g group.Conclusion. The option of preparing patients for VCS using residual colonic content tagging with 50 g of barium-containing BAR-VIPS has been found to have a significant advantage over that using 2 g of the same agent. This is shown in the better quality of FT and in the higher diagnostic efficiency of the method.
The interdisciplinary aspects of aesthetic medicine
Authors: Jałowska Magdalena , Kowalczyk Michał , Gornowicz‑Porowska Justyna , Adamski Zygmunt 
Published: March 2020

Aesthetic medicine is a dynamically growing branch of medical sciences, and a special place is occupied by facial aesthetics blending knowledge from many specialties. The continuing improvements of existing uses and procedures along with the availability of new biomaterials and bioengineering technologies, such as photodynamic therapy, nanoparticles, spectroscopy, and non‑invasive imaging, have been revolutionizing facial aesthetics by offering alternatives to and support in traditional facial surgeries. Currently, clinicians might adapt treatments to the individual needs of patients and treat various facial areas by combining products and techniques in order to improve therapeutic effects.
Smile — one of the important elements of face aesthetics
Authors: Przybylska Patrycja , Siniecki Tomasz , Matthews‑Brzozowska Teresa 
Published: March 2020

The harmony of the smile depends not only on the dentition, but also on the gum tissue, which excessively exposed can negatively affect aesthetics of the smile. Exposure of a small amount of gum during a smile is acceptable however a smile in which the exposure of the gum is more than 2 mm is considered an aesthetic defect called gummy smile. Among the causes of gingival smile listed are: shortened or hyperactive upper lip muscles (levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, zygomatic minor muscles), vertical maxillary excess, extrusion of alveolar ridges, altered passive eruption. In the case of hyperactive upper lip muscles, botulinum toxin can be used — this procedure was used in the described cases, and the effects were assessed using the FotoMedicus system and measurements of gingival exposure. In first case Bocouture botulinum toxin was administered on both sides, 4 units bilaterally in the levator labii superioris muscle and 2 units into levator anguli oris muscle. In total, 12 units were given. During the follow‑up the patient reported the start of the effect from the 5th day after the supply with the maximum effect after 12 days. A 6 mm correction of gummy smile was achieved. In the second case 4 units of botulinum toxin were applicated bilaterally into levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle. A 3 mm correction of gummy smile was achieved. The aesthetics of the face in a smile definitely improved in both men.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS AND HOW TO SOLVE IN SUNGAI PINYUH SUB-DISTRICT MEMPAWAH REGENCY
Authors: Rahmah Rahmah , Sulistyarini Sulistyarini , Christanto Ludovicus Manditya Hari 
Published: March 2020

<p><em>This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of landslide vulnerability and its mitigation in Sungai Pinyuh District Mempawah District. This type of research is qualitative. Data collection methods are observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis, using GIS (Geographic Information System) 10.1 application with weighted tiered quantitative overlay modeling. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The level of landslide susceptibility in Sungai Pinyuh District consists of 3 classes: low (not prone), moderate (prone) and high (very vulnerable). (a) Areas that are not vulnerable are spread throughout the villages in Sungai Pinyuh District. (b) Areas with moderate level of vulnerability (vulnerable) are spread in Galang Village (0.24%), Nusapati Village (1.74%), Peniraman Village (3.22%), Sungai Pinyuh Village (1.18%), and Sungai Purun Kecil Village (0.11%). (c) Areas with a high level of vulnerability (very vulnerable) are only found in Peniraman Village, which has 223 ha or 1.15% of the total area of Sungai Pinyuh District. 2) the location of the observation points shows that there are seven points selected, including six points with a level of vulnerability and one point with a very vulnerable level, then of the seven have different land use characteristics.</em></p>
The Effects of Pelvic Incidence in the Functional Anatomy of the Hip Joint
Authors: Ike Hiroyuki , Bodner Russell J. , Lundergan William , Saigusa Yusuke , Dorr Lawrence D. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The spine-pelvis-hip interaction during postural change should be considered in the functional anatomy of the hip. The component parts of this anatomy and how they influence hip function are important to know. Pelvic incidence (PI) is one of these components. We studied if PI was preoperatively predictive of impingement risk and if it postoperatively influences hip position, which could cause outliers from the functional safe zone of hip replacement.

Methods:
This was a prospective radiographic study of 187 consecutive patients (200 hips) who had lateral spinopelvis-hip radiographs before and after primary total hip arthroplasty with measurements of the component factors that influence mobility and position of the functional anatomy. The predictive value of PI for risk of impingement of the hip and its postoperative relationship to functional safe-zone outliers were assessed. Forty-one dislocations from our clinical practice were also reviewed.

Results:
Of 200 hips, the PI was normal in 145 hips (73%), low in 18 hips (9%), and high in 37 hips (19%). Eighty-two hips had spinopelvic imbalance: 12 (67%) of the 18 hips with low PI, 56 (39%) of the 145 hips with normal PI, and 14 (38%) of the 37 hips with high PI. Low-PI hips was the most predictive of the risk of impingement and postoperatively these hips had the most outliers from the functional safe zone.

Conclusions:
PI is an anatomical component that is predictive of both impingement risk and functional safe-zone outliers. Preoperative risk, based on factors such as the Lewinnek zones and combined anteversion, is an established guide in determining cup position in hip replacement. Low-PI hips that have the “terrible triad” of a posteriorly tilted pelvis, stiff pelvic mobility, and increased femoral flexion therefore have no functional safe zone.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluation of designed IS711 primers and universal primers of B4 and B5 for detection of Brucella spp. in clinical samples
Authors: Heidari Pedram , Salehi Mitra , Sepahi Abbas Akhavan , Razavi Mohamad Reza 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Brucellosis as a global concern is a zoonotic infectious disease which affects a large number of individuals in developing countries. Microbiological, serological and molecular approaches are useful for detection and identification of Brucella spp. A confirmed diagnosis requires isolation of Brucella from clinical specimens that is the most sensitive method in the acute and sub-acute phases of the diseases. On the other hand, molecular diagnostic techniques are more sensitive and more specific than serological techniques, especially in chronic localized cases because of antigenic cross-reactions or antibody titers lower than 160.
Until now different Brucella specific sequences like BCSP 31, IS711 and 16SrRNA have been amplified for detection of Brucella spp. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of The B4-B5 primers and IS711 designed primers were evaluated for detection of of Brucella Spp. in the clinical samples.
Results : Amplification of extracted DNA from serum of 49 suspected patients were tested with two sets of specific primers. The BCSP31 amplicon was 223 bp and all the 49 (100%) serum specimens were positive by B4-B5 primers, including 4 cases with negative 2ME test result. The designed IS711 primers amplified the IS711 product with 448 bp length and 46 of 49 (93.87%) cases were positive. The sensitivity of the applied primers (B4-B5 and IS711) was evaluated by using the serial dilutions of extracted purified DNA molecules of B. melitensis and B. abortus . The B4-B5 primers can detect the least number of both B. melitensis and B. abortus , 0.1 CFU/reaction. However, the designed IS711 set is able to detect 10 CFU/reaction.
The B4-B5 primer and IS711 designed primer recognized 100% (49/49) and 94% (46/49) of the cases, respectively.
Conclusion: This study indicated that the sensitivity of B4-B5 primer is 100%, while the sensitivity of the designed primer of IS711 is 94%. The laboratory experiment revealed that designed IS711 set is 1×10 2 times more sensitive than sensitivity of the other experiments for detection of IS711 target sequence in the specimens.
Current situation of the presence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs and humans in Bucaramanga, Colombia
Authors: Esteban-Mendoza M.Victoria , Arcila-Quiceno Víctor , Albarracín-Navas Javier Hernando , Hernández Isabel , Flechas-Alarcón María Camila , Morchón Rodrigo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria immitis, is a vector-born infection, which can be transmitted to humans. The main host are both domestic and wild canids. It mainly occurs in tropical and subtropical climates, temperature and humidity are the main factors that favor the presence and proliferation of Culicidae mosquitoes. There are few reports of this disease in dogs and humans in Colombia, a region with favorable climatic conditions for the development of this disease. Therefore, this research aimed to study its current prevalence in dogs and the risk of human exposure to the disease in Bucaramanga, one of the most populated areas in Colombia located at the center of the country. Furthermore, its demographic and environmental characteristics could be useful as a study model for other similar locations and neighboring countries.Method: Serum samples from 351 dogs and 506 humans from the Bucaramanga metropolitan area were analyzed. All dog samples were tested with a commercial immunochromatographic test kit to detect the presence of circulating antigens of D. immitis. Human samples were analyzed using a non-commercial ELISA test kit to detect IgG against the somatic antigens of adult D. immitis and Wolbachia. Positive results were further confirmed using a Western blot analysis.Results: Dirofilaria immitis prevalence was 10.82% (95% CI) in dogs and 5.12% (95% CI) in microfilaremic dogs. Seroprevalence in humans was 6.71% (95% CI) and was significantly higher in individuals aged 16–34 years and in women than in men.Conclusions:This study describes seropositivity to D. immitis for the first time in a Colombian human population located in the same area as that of dogs infected with D. immitis, which represents a potential threat to public health. In humans, age and sex can be considered risk factors for exposure to D. immitis.
Dissatisfaction between medical providers and patients in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Authors: Zhumadilova Anara , Kozhakhmetova Aizhan , Kuanyshbayeva Gaukhar , Kazhen Madina , Akhmadiyeva Amina , Craig Brett J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Dissatisfaction among patients towards health care providers remains a serious concern in the Republic of Kazakhstan that requires further attention [1,2,3,4,5]. Patient-centered care, trust between patients and medical providers, the involvement of patients in their own treatment process, and effective communication are major areas in need of strengthening in order to improve outcomes of medical care [6-10]. The objective of this study was to broaden the investigation of patient dissatisfaction to various departments from different medical facilities in the city of Nur-Sultan and examine additional factors that may be influencing provider-patient communication and contributing to patient dissatisfaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 500 patients (response rate, 85.4%) and 500 health care providers (response rate, 86.4%) from one private and one state hospitals and two state policlinics in the city of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, used questionnaires containing the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and scales assessing life and job satisfaction, job effort-job reward balance, and patient evaluation of communication. Results: Our study showed that the majority of health care providers and even patients were doctor-centered as opposed to patient-centered in their expectations of the doctor visit. The patient-centered orientation of health care providers was negatively correlated with age (P=0.000218) and life satisfaction (P=0.000001). In patients, contrarily, patient-centeredness was enhanced by higher life satisfaction (P=0.040), although negatively correlated with age (P=2.659E-21). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that younger health care providers and those with lower life satisfaction expect a more patient-centered approach to the doctor visit. Older respondents and those with higher life satisfaction, in contrast, reported doctor-centered attitudes. The majority of younger patients have a stronger belief in good health associated with patient centered care whereas the older population preferred a more doctor-centered approach to care. In all patients, the preference for patient-centered care was associated with higher satisfaction in life.
Development and Validation of Nomograms Predicting Overall and Cancer-specific Survival of Spinal and Pelvic Tumor Patients with Distant Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Tu Qihao , Zhou Chuanli , Wang Chao , Zhu Kai , Zhao Chong , Kong Meng , Hu Chuan , Zhang Ziyue , Ma Xuexiao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary spinal bone tumors with distant metastasis are a sign of advanced stage and are usually accompanied by poor prognosis. This study is to identify the risk factors and establish prognostic nomograms to predict 1- and 3-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates for spinal and pelvic bone tumor patients with distant metastasis.Patients and methods: Spinal and pelvic bone tumor patients with distant metastasis between 1998 and 2016 were selected for this study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Nomograms to predict 1- and 3-year OS and CCS rates were constructed based on independent risk factors identified by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. Concordance indexes (C-indexes), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the nomograms.Results: All patients (n=343) were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=243) and validation cohort (n=100). No significant differences were found in thedemographic data of all patients in the training and validation cohorts. Ultimately, only four independent risk factors (patient age, histology, grade and surgery) were identified as significantly associated with OS and CCS. The C-indices were 0.722 (95% CI, 0.685 to 0.759) and 0.686 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.760) for the internal validation and external validation of the OS nomogram, respectively. Similarly, the C-indices based on the CCS nomogram were 0.717 (95% CI, 0.678 to 0.757) and 0.695 (95% CI, 0.619 to 0.771) for the internal validation and external validation, respectively. The calibration curves revealed that the predicted survival and actual survival were in concordance. DCA showed the clinical utility and benefits of the nomograms.Conclusion: The nomograms we constructed based on the SEER database can accurately predict individual patient survival.
Risk assessment of venous thromboembolism and bleeding in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Xu Jin-fu , Wang Lan , Zhao Lan , Li Feng , Liu Ji , Zhang Li , Li Qiuhong , Gu Jin , Liang Suo , Zhao Qinhua , Liu Jinmin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly recognized illness that has spread rapidly all over the world. Severe hypoxemic respiratory failure from COVID-19 will bring high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our study aims to identify in-hospital VTE risk and bleeding risk in COVID-19 patients. Methods We retrospectively studied 138 consecutively enrolled patients with COVID-19 and identified in-hospital VTE and bleeding risk by Padua Prediction Score and Improve bleed risk assessment model. The clinical data and features were analyzed in VTE patients. Results Our findings identified that 23 (16.67%) patients with COVID-19 were at high risk for VTE according to Padua prediction score, and 9(6.52%) patients were at high risk of bleeding for VTE prophylaxis according to Improve prediction score. Fifteen critically ill patients faced double high risk from thrombosis (Padua score more than 4 points in all 15[100%] patients) and hemorrhage (Improve score more than 7 points in 9[60.0%] patients). Thrombotic events were identified in four patients (2.9%) of all COVID-19 patients. All of them were diagnosed as deep vein thrombosis by ultrasound after 3 to 18 days after admission. Three (75.0%) were critically ill patients, which means the incidence of VTE among critically ill patients was 20%. One major hemorrhage was happened in critically ill patients during VTE treatment. Conclusion Critically ill patients with COVID-19 suffered both high risk of thrombosis and bleeding risks. More effective VTE prevention strategies based on an individual assessment of bleeding risks were necessary for critically ill patients with COVID-19.