bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Breast Augmentation: A Reliable Formula for Preoperative Assessment of Fat Graft Volume Based on Implant Volume and Projection
Authors: Maximiliano João , Munhoz Alexandre Mendonça , Pedron Mirian , de Oliveira Antonio Carlos Pinto , Duarte Daniele Walter , Neto Rafael , Portinho Ciro Paz , Collares Marcos Vinicius Martins 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Autogenous fat grafting (AFG) is an established technique used as an adjunct to breast augmentation (BA) to redesign breast shape. Surgeons often use experience and intuition to estimate AFG volume, which can result in incorrect assessment of donor areas and unnecessary fat removal.

Objectives
This aim of this study was to develop a method based on a mathematical formula, which utilizes implant volume and projection to predict AFG volume.

Methods
Thirty patients (60 breasts) underwent primary hybrid BA. A software package (SketchUp) was used to simulate 3-dimensional AFG and implant volumes, which in turn were used to develop an equation for estimating AFG volume according to 3 different implant projections. The results for each group were compared, via Pearson’s correlation coefficient, with the results of the clinical series.

Results
All patients received Motiva Ergonomix SmoothSilk/SilkSurface implants, ranging in volume from 175 to 355 cc (mean, 265 cc), as well as an average AFG volume of 79.2 cc/breast (range, 50-110 cc). Twenty-nine patients (96.6%) were either very satisfied or satisfied during a mean follow-up of 18 months (range, 6-28 months). A high correlation was observed between the AFG performed in the cohort and predictions obtained from the formula (r = 0.938, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The AFG volume in hybrid BA procedures can be estimated utilizing measurements based on implant volume/projection. This low-cost method can be applied to guide surgical decision-making in patients who are candidates for BA.

Level of Evidence: 4
Rapid Determination of Lead in Urine by Ion Exchange
Authors: Forman Donald T , Garvin James E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For routine screening of employees in the lead industry, a method for determination of urinary lead was developed in which this element is removed from urine by means of a chelating agent, eluted, and determined by a modified dithizone method. The method gives values which are about 5% below those obtained by the wet ashing technic, with a precision of ± 2.1% in the range of 2-15 µg. of lead per 50 ml. urine sample. The advantages of the method are that it requires only about 1 hr. to carry out, is convenient, and avoids the time-consuming and potentially hazardous wet ashing step.
Micromethod for the Estimation of Plasma Fibrinogen
Authors: Martinek Robert G , Berry Roland E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fibrinogen is quantitatively precipitated from plasma by 1.20 M phosphate buffer. The amount of precipitated fibrinogen is determined turbidimetrically at 450 mµ. The method requires 0.25 ml. of plasma for the blank and sample. Reliability of the method has been established by comparison with an ammonium sulfate turbidimetric method and a colorimetric method, demonstration of specificity, variation in incubation temperature, demonstration of optimal molarity and pH, and replicate analyses.
Air-Cooled Extractors and Their Use in Determination of Cholesterol
Authors: Holmes Frederic E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
For the purpose of determination of cholesterol in blood, serum, or other fluids of high cholesterol content, an extractor, previously described, has been devised which dries and extracts the sample on filter paper in one continuous operation with one solvent—chloroform. Moisture driven from the sample was collected above the refluxed solvent in a trap inserted between the water-cooled condenser and the sample. In order to avoid limiting the apparatus to location near a water outlet, and for greater ease and speed in handling the condensers, air cooling has since been substituted. A choice of several designs of trap is offered. Boiler-receiver tubes made to fit the Klett-Summerson photoelectric colorimeter provide for the extraction and the development and reading of the colors, all in the same tubes.
The method of extraction is given, and the errors due to esters of cholesterol and other substances are discussed.
An Evaluation of Technics for the Separation and Estimation of Plasma Fibrinogen
Authors: Goodwin Jesse F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A proposed heat precipitation and thrombin interaction technic for fibrinogen isolation has been compared with a sulfite fractionation technic. All three methods exhibit a high degree of correlation. Fibrinogen, which has been separated from plasma by these technics, may be quantitated by the colorimetric modified biuret and phenol-biuret reaction.
For direct measurement of fibrinogen, heat precipitation followed by ultraviolet spectrophotometry appears to be the technic of choice. The method of measurement at two different wave lengths does not appear to present any advantage over single wave length measurement at 240 and 220 mµ. Free hemoglobin in concentrations below 800 mg./100 ml. of plasma does not interfere with the sulfite fractionation technic but seriously interferes with the ultraviolet measurements in concentrations above 200 mg./100 ml. Bilirubin interferes with sulfite fractionation in concentrations above 24 mg./100 ml. but not with the heat precipitation technic for fibrinogen estimation. Lipids in excess above normal amounts interfere with both the sulfite fractionation and heat precipitation technics. Normal values for plasma fibrinogen from a variable age group using the sulfite fractionation technic and modified biuret end point have been determined.
Serum Glycoproteins and Proteins after Fractures
Authors: Hertzberg M , Oberman Z , Weissman S L , Herold H Z 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Follow up of patients with fractures shows that there are alterations of the blood protein electrophoretic patterns and glycoprotein levels. The α1- and α2-globulin and glycoprotein levels are usually increased during the first 2 weeks and return to normal after this period. The blood albumin level is slightly reduced, while the globulin levels are increased and also return to normal after 2 weeks. The levels of the β- and γ-globulins usually stay unaltered, except when complications supervene.
Evaluation of Hydrolytic Products of 17-Ketosteroids by Means of Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Cawley L P , Musser B O , Faucette W , Beckloff S , Learned H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the course of evaluating urinary 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) gas-liquid chromatographic patterns, a number of peaks with retention times shorter than that of 17-KS were constantly observed. This background material was found to be degradation products of 17-KS produced by HCI hydrolysis. A study with pure 17-KS as a mixture and as individual steroids was used to identify the steroids responsible for most of the 9 compounds with retention times less than etiocholanolone. Hydrolysis in ethyl acetate containing perchloric acid produced smaller amounts of degradation products than HCI-hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis appears to be the most acceptable system for preparation of the extracts from urine for this system of assay.
The Effect of Methenamine Mandelate (Mandelamine) on Determination of Urinary Estriol
Authors: Touchstone Joseph C , Stojkewycz Maria , Smith Kaighn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The administration of methenamine mandelate (Mandelamine) to pregnant women causes the levels of estriol in their urines to be unmeasurably low when acid hydrolysis is used. When enzyme hydrolysis replaces acid hydrolysis, normal estriol values are obtained. This result is attributed to the formaldehyde released by acid from hexamethylenetetramine, a constituent of the drug. The formaldehyde reacts with estriol to prevent its determination.
Automated Determination of Acid Phosphatase
Authors: Klein Bernard , Auerbach Joseph , Morgenstern Stanley 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A procedure is presented for the automated determination of acid phosphatase activity in biological materials from either plant or animal origin. The Technicon N-7 flow diagram has been simplified, and the reagents for the measurement of enzymatically produced phenolic substances have been modified without loss of range or sensitivity. Both phenylphosphate and α-naphthylphosphate, introduced by Babson et al. (2, 3) for serum acid phosphatase, may be used as substrates. The Emerson reaction (alkaline aminoantipyrine and ferricyanide) with α-naphthol forms a more stable and reproducible color than the coupled product with tetrazotized o-dianisidine (Babson). Supporting data for these modifications are included.
Electrophoretic Fractionation of Serum Glycoproteins on Cellulose Acetate
Authors: Kelsey R L , deGraffenried T P , Donaldson R C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In a procedure for the routine electrophoretic fractionation of serum glycoproteins on cellulose acetate, electrophoretic fractionation is followed by staining utilizing the periodic acid-Schiff reaction. The patterns are scanned with a recording densitometer and simultaneously quantitated with an attached integrator. For 100 healthy blood donors,the means and standard deviations were: albumin, 10.9±1.4; alpha1,18.6±1.9; alpha2, 29.6±2.3; beta, 21.6±2.0; and gamma, 19.3±1.9%, respectively.
A Simple Method for the Quantitative Determination of N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol (APAP) in Urine
Authors: Welch Richard M , Conney A H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple method is described for the rapid quantitative analysis of N-acetyl-p-amino-phenol (APAP) in urine. APAP and its conjugates present in the urine following the ingestion of acetophenetidin, APAP or acetanilid, are hydrolyzed with acid to p-aminophenol. This compound is coupled with phenol in the presence of hypobromite to form an indophenol dye whose concentration is determined spectrophotometrically. Application of this method to a study of 3 human subjects treated with acetophenetidin is described.
Determination of Microgram Quantities of Inorganic Boron in Mammalian Specimens
Authors: Konikowski T , Farr Lee E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for estimation of inorganic boron in mammalian tissues, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. The procedure is simple and rapid, qualifying it particularly to meet needs in clinical chemistry. The mammalian tissues are first enzymatically digested and extracted; then the deproteinized extract is allowed to react with quinalizarin in concentrated sulfuric acid. The intensity of the resultant color is read spectrophotometrically at 620 mµ. The boron concentration in the tissue analyzed is obtained from a standard reference graph for that tissue. The method is applicable to concentrations as low as I µg. of boron per gram of mammalian tissue or fluid.
Analog Computation of Electrophoresis Patterns
Authors: Lotito Lawrence A , Mckay Donald K , Seligson David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Instrumentation is described for the computation of stained paper electrophoresis patterns of serum proteins. The unit not only plots the dyed protein fractions, but with its electronic units, stores the individual integration voltages, scales the voltages to a percentage of the total, and plots the data on a bar graph. By including the total protein value obtained by chemical analysis, a second survey of the integrator voltages provides the concentrations of the protein fractions in grams per 100 ml. of serum.
Porphyrins and Chlorins from a Congenital Porphyria Patient
Authors: Chu T C , Chu Edith Ju-Hwa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Analysis of porphyrins from the urine, blood, and feces of a congenital porphyria patient showed copro- and uroporphyrins from the blood contained more than 95% of the Type I isomer, and those from stool and urine, about 90%. The intermediate hepta-, hexa- and pentacarboxylic porphyrins from the urine contained 70% or less of the Type I isomer. The results are discussed and compared with those in porphyria cutanea tarda and from congenitally porphyric cattle. A new tricarboxylic porphyrin, its methyl ester with a melting point of 165° and an absorption band at 627 mµ in chloroform, was isolated from the feces. A urinary chlorin (643 mµ) was separated and studied, and a possible structure of a heptacarboxylic chlorin is suggested by its formation from porphobilinogen and by other pertinent data. Three fecal chlorins (with absorption bands at 646, 660, and 668 mµ) were also isolated. Only the one with 646 mµ absorption is relatively stable.
An Improved Colorimetric Transaminase Assay
Authors: Babson Arthur L , Philips George E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The chromogenic reaction between a diazonium salt and oxalacetic acid produced by glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase has been completely stabilized by the addition of acid and a surface-active agent instead of water. This improvement markedly simplifies the procedure by allowing the samples to be read at any time.
Quantitation of Serum Hemoglobin-Binding Capacity Using Cellulose Acetate Membrane Electrophoresis
Authors: Valeri C R , Bond J C , Fowler K , Sobucki J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the quantitation of serum hemoglobin-binding capacity (haptoglobin level) using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is carried out for 90 mm. Eight membranes are dried, stained, and scanned within 45 mm. The reproducibility of this technic is within ± 10%.
A Method for the Rapid Hydrolysis of Urinary Glucuronoside Metabolites of Testosterone
Authors: Kent John R , Rawitch Allen B , Peacock Fredrick 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
β-glucuronidase hydrolysis of ethyl acetate-extracted glucuronoside metabolites of testosterone is more rapidly achieved than enzymatic hydrolysis of these conjugates in untreated urine. Less enzyme is required, provided the extracted conjugates are incubated under optimal conditions. Near-maximum hydrolysis required 24 hr. with the extracted conjugates and 72 hr. with untreated urine.
Operation of the Technicon Flame Photometer with Natural Gas Use in the Determination of Serum Lithium and the Semi-Micro Analysis of Serum Sodium and Potassium
Authors: Nevius Donald B , Lanchantin Gerard F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Natural gas was substituted for propane gas in the oxygen-fuel mixture supplying the Technicon AutoAnalyzer flame photometer. This was accomplished by the use of a 1/3-hp rotary pump and attached manifold, which compressed the gas from the city line and supplied it at a constant pressure to the burner module of the system. A method for the automatic analysis of serum Li was devised by using K as an internal standard and comparing the output of the Li-sensitive photo-cell with that of an attenuated K-sensitive cell. In addition, a simple procedure was incorporated into the routine determination of serum Na and K: samples of insufficient volume were diluted in a solution of known electrolyte concentration, which permitted their quantitation without changing the tubing manifold or other operating components of the system.
Determination of Serum Calcium by Means of Sodium Alizarinsulfonate
Authors: Connerty Harold V , Briggs Anglis R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A direct method is described for the determination of serum calcium, in which reaction with sodium alizarin sulfonate takes place under optimal conditions to produce a colored complex of calcium, the absorbance of which is read at 550 mµ. One variation in procedure, in which prior isolation of the calcium as the insoluble oxalate is made, is also described.
"True" Creatinine Chromogen Determination in Serum and Urine by Semi-automated Analysis
Authors: Polar E , Metcoff J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Jaffè reaction, used to determine creatinine in urine and plasma or serum, gives a positive error in the latter because of the interference of noncreatinine. In man (particularly children) endogenous creatinine normally occurs at a relatively low concentration in serum (0.3-1.0 mg./100 ml.). The analytic error contributed by noncreatinine chromogens, therefore, may be considerable.
Of various manual methods to eliminate this none has been used with automated creatinine analyses, which generally measure total creatinine-like chromogen. In the present investigation a strong cation-exchange resin is used manually for rapidly adsorbing and desorbing "true" creatinine from plasma which is then analyzed by an automated method. A phosphate buffer (pH 12.4) is substituted for 5% (w/v) NaOH, dialysis eliminated, and the instrument manifold design is modified. Concentrations of "true" creatinine from 0.2-2.0 mg./100 ml. can be determined at a rate of 20 samples per hr. in serum or 40/hr. in urine, with a recovery of 98-101%.
Comparison of Carbonate and Uricase-Carbonate Methods for the Determination of Uric Acid in Serum
Authors: Caraway Wendell T , Marable Herman 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A colorimetric carbonate procedure for the determination of uric acid has been modified to include incubation of serum with uricase to destroy uric acid. Residual nonurate chromogens are subtracted from total chromogens to obtain the concentration of "true" uric acid. Result obtained by the carbonate and the uricase-carbonate methods were in good agreement. The mean concentration of nonurate chromogens in serum is approximately 2% of the true uric acid values. Recovery of uric acid added to serum is essentially quantitative. Formaldehyde markedly inhibits uricase activity and interferes with recoveries. The uricase-carbonate method is applicable to hemolytic serum and to serums from patients with uremia or those receiving high doses of salicylate in which excess concentrations of nonurate chromogens may be encountered.
Organochlorine Pesticides in Gallstones
Authors: Simmons J H , Tatton J O'G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in human gallstones. The difficulty caused by the presence of large amounts of cholesterol in the stones is overcome by an acetylation step in the "clean-up" procedure, and the method finishes with identification and determination of the individual pesticides by gas-liquid chromatography.
Results are given for 28 samples submitted by 2 hospitals, showing small amounts of dieldrin, p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethane (pp'-DDE), and benzene hexachloride (BHC) isomers to be commonly present in small amounts in gallstones. Some explanation for the presence of these residues in the stones is given.
A case of suspected poisoning by these compounds showed an unusually large amount of dieldrin in the patient's stones.
Amobarbital Metabolism in Man
Authors: Kamm Jerome J , Van Loon Edward J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A gas chromatographic method for the estimation of microgram quantities of hydroxy-amobarbital in urine is described. The method has been applied to a study of the metabolic fate of therapeutic doses of amobarbital (60 and 180 mg.) in man. We have found that 45% of an ingested dose of the drug is excreted in urine as hydroxy-amobarbital in 3 days and that small amounts of the metabolite are detectable for as long as 5 days following the ingestion of a single 180-mg. dose of amobarbital.
Determination of LDH Isoenzymes
Authors: Bergerman Julio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for the quantitation of LDH isoenzymes on cellulose acetate paper, taking advantage of the direct fluorometric procedures based on reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The procedure is simple and the reagents relatively stable, allowing the test to become a routine procedure in clinical laboratories.
Determination of Nonfibrin Protein in Fibrin Clots by Use of I131-Labeled Protein Fractions
Authors: Green G Sheldon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The amount of nonfibrin proteins occluded within fibrin clots was investigated with specific radioiodinated human protein fractions. Vigorous washing of the clot followed by syneresis on absorbant paper removed all but small traces of albumin and alpha and gamma globulins. These fractions constituted approximately 6% of the total proteins in fibrin clots when fibrinogen concentrations were normal. The percentage of occluded protein increased as fibrinogen levels decreased. At fibrinogen concentrations of 48 mg./100 ml. plasma, albumin approached 20% of the total. Fibrinogen determinations which are based on the protein content, or dry weight, of the isolated clot are thus subject to systematic error which varies inversely with the fibrinogen concentration.
The Determination of Amino Acids in 0.1 ml. of Blood Plasma
Authors: McEvoy-Bowe E , Thevi S Sarojini 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method has been developed for the determination of the following amino acids in 0.1 ml. of blood plasma: alanine, arginine, glutamine, glycine, lysine, serine, taurine, threonine, and valine. A micro Sephadex G-25 column was used to separate the plasma proteins from the amino acids. The amino acid fraction, which is collected in 1 ml. of eluate, is then desalted in an electrolytic desalter, and lyophilized. The residue is dissolved in 0.2 ml. 0.1N HCI, and 50 µl. is applied to paper for 2-dimensional chro matography. The estimation of the amino acids is carried out by means of a photoelectric densitometry. The method incorporates a procedure for eliminating variations in paper density. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained by ion exchange procedures.
Use of the Berthelot Reaction in the Automated Analysis of Serum Urea Nitrogen
Authors: Wilcox Alan A , Carroll Wallace E , Sterling Rex E , Davis H A , Ware Arnold G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for the automated determination of urea nitrogen using the Berthelot reaction for measuring the ammonia released by the enzymatic action of urease. The method compares favorably with the automated diacetyl monoxime method and employs less dangerous and less expensive reagents.
Studies in Difference Spectra of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Kreke Cornelius W , Barbella Nicholas G , Cupac Barbara , Dugan Diane 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluids were treated with acid and the extent of protein denaturation along with surface perturbations was followed spectrophotometrically (method of difference spectra). It was found that the fluid samples from patients suffering from a number of neurologic diseases differed considerably among themselves and from pure proteins. The spectrophotometric differences obtained by the addition of a high concentration of acid (pH 1.2, final) were found to be enhanced when the spectra of the fluids at graded acid levels were compared.
Cerebrospinal fluids could be divided into two groups based on their responses to smaller concentrations of acid (at pH levels of 7.0 and 4.0). Fluids from patients with multiple sclerosis were found in only one group.
Ultrasonic Effects on lsoenzymes
Authors: Dubbs Clyde A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Several significant effects of ultrasonic treatment on human serum cholinesterase and aminopeptidase isoenzymes and on other serum proteins have been found by starch gel electrophoresis. The selective activation of one cholinesterase isoenzyme is especially striking. These effects must be considered when ultrasonic treatment is used for the extraction of intracellular enzymes. When the effects are appreciated, ultrasonics should provide a valuable tool for isoenzyme research.