bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes of blood glucose, serum biochemical parameters and gene expression in response to exogenous insulin in Arbor Acres broilers and Silky fowls
Authors: Ji Jiefei , Tao Yafei , Zhang Xiangli , Pan Jiajia , Zhu Xinghao , Wang Huanjie , Du Pengfei , Zhu Yao , Huang YanQun , Chen Wen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSilky chicken is a breed of chickens with black skin and slow growth rate used in Chinese traditional medicine, whereas Arbor Acres broiler is a well-known commercial breed in the poultry industry, it is featured by a large size, rapid-growth rate, high feed-conversion rate and strong adaptability. The difference in their rate of growth may be primarily related to different mechanism for glucose metabolism. Here we compared the insulin sensitivity of the two breeds; we investigated the temporal changes (at 0 min, 120 min and 240 min) of serum insulin and other biochemical parameters and determined the spatio-temporal changes of gene mRNA abundance in response to exogenous insulin (80 μg/kg body weight). The results indicated that: (1) Silky chickens showed stronger blood glucose recovery than broilers in the insulin resistance test. (2) The serum urea level in Silky chickens was twice of broilers; exogenous insulin significantly up-regulated serum uric acid level in Silky fowls in a time-dependent manner and increased serum cholesterol content at 120 min. (3) Two breeds showed distinctly different temporal changed in serum insulin in response to exogenous insulin stimulation. The fasting serum insulin concentration of broilers was three-fold of Silky chickens at the basal state; it decreased significantly after insulin injection and the levels at 120 min and 240 min of broilers were only 23% (P < 0.01) and 14% (P < 0.01) of the basal state, respectively. Whereas the serum insulin content in Silky chickens showed stronger recovery, and the 240 min level was close to the 0 min level. (4) GLUT2, GLUT12, neuropeptide Y and insulin receptor (IR) were predominantly expressed in the liver, pectoralis major, olfactory bulb and pancreas, respectively, where these genes presented stronger insulin sensitivity. In addition, the IR mRNA level was strongly positively with the GLUT12 level. In conclusion, our findings suggested that Silky chickens have a stronger ability to regulate glucose homeostasis than broilers, owing to their higher IR levels in the basal state, stronger serum insulin homeostasis and candidate genes functioning primarily in their predominantly expressed tissue in response to exogenous insulin.
Impact of Developmental Age, Necrotizing Enterocolitis Associated Stress, and Oral Therapeutic Intervention on Mucus Barrier Properties
Authors: Lock Jaclyn Y. , Carlson Taylor L. , Yu Yueyue , Lu Jing , Claud Erika C. , Carrier Rebecca L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease of incompletely understood pathophysiology predominantly affecting premature infants. While NEC is associated with microbial invasion of intestinal tissues, and mucus modulates interactions between microbes and underlying tissues, variations in mucus barrier properties with NEC-associated risk factors have not been investigated. This study explored differences in mucus composition (total protein, DNA, mucin content, sialic acid, and immunoregulatory proteins), as well as structural and transport properties, assessed by tracking of particles and bacteria (E. coli and E. cloacae) with developmental age and exposure to NEC stressors in Sprague Dawley rats. Early developmental age (5 day old) was characterized by a more permeable mucus layer relative to 21 day old pups, suggesting immaturity may contribute to exposure of the epithelium to microbes. Exposure to NEC stressors was associated with reduced mucus permeability, which may aid in survival. Feeding with breastmilk as opposed to formula reduces incidence of NEC. Thus, NEC-stressed (N-S) rat pups were orally dosed with breastmilk components lysozyme (N-S-LYS) or docosahexaenoic acid (N-S-DHA). N-S-LYS and N-S-DHA pups had a less permeable mucus barrier relative to N-S pups, which suggests the potential of these factors to strengthen the mucus barrier and thus protect against disease.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the protection mechanism of proanthocyanidins for Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Zhu Kaili , Zhao Hongwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGrape-derived proanthocyanidins could act as a protector against various environmental stresses forSaccharomyces cerevisiaeduring wine fermentation, resulting in the increased physiological activity, fermentation efficiency and improved wine quality. In order to explore the possible protection mechanism of proanthocyanidins globally, RNA-seq analysis for wine yeast AWRI R2 cultivated with 0 g/L (group A), 0.1 g/L (group B), 1.0 g/L (group C) proanthocyanidins were applied in this study. Differentially expressed genes were enriched into six metabolic pathways including vitamin B6, thiamine, amino acids, aminoacyl-tRNA, carbohydrate and steroid based on KEGG enrichment analysis. Four key genes (SNZ2,THI6,THI21andTHI80), participated in the biosynthesis of vitamin B6and thiamine, were up-regulated significantly in proanthocyanidins treated yeast cells and the gene expression levels were verified by RT-qPCR. Yeast cells supplemented with proanthocyanidins performed increased intracellular levels of vitamin B6and thiamine and higher cell viability compared to the control group. In addition, the composition of intracellular fatty acids showed an obvious alternation in proanthocyanidins-treated yeast cells, in which the UFAs content increased whereas the SFA content decreased. In general, we provided an indirect protection effect of proanthocyanidins on the yeast cells to alleviate environmental stresses during wine fermentation.
Cochlear supporting cells function as macrophage-like cells and protect audiosensory receptor hair cells from pathogens
Authors: Hayashi Yushi , Suzuki Hidenori , Nakajima Wataru , Uehara Ikuno , Tanimura Atsuko , Himeda Toshiki , Koike Satoshi , Katsuno Tatsuya , Kitajiri Shin-ichiro , Koyanagi Naoto , Kawaguchi Yasushi , Onomoto Koji , Kato Hiroki , Yoneyama Mitsutoshi , Fujita Takashi , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo protect the audiosensory organ from tissue damage from the immune system, the inner ear is separated from the circulating immune system by the blood-labyrinth barrier, which was previously considered an immune-privileged site. Recent studies have shown that macrophages are distributed in the cochlea, especially in the spiral ligament, spiral ganglion, and stria vascularis; however, the direct pathogen defence mechanism used by audiosensory receptor hair cells (HCs) has remained obscure. Here, we show that HCs are protected from pathogens by surrounding accessory supporting cells (SCs) and greater epithelial ridge (GER or Kölliker’s organ) cells (GERCs). In isolated murine cochlear sensory epithelium, we established Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus, which infected the SCs and GERCs, but very few HCs. The virus-infected SCs produced interferon (IFN)-α/β, and the viruses efficiently infected the HCs in the IFN-α/β receptor-null sensory epithelium. Interestingly, the virus-infected SCs and GERCs expressed macrophage marker proteins and were eliminated from the cell layer by cell detachment. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide induced phagocytosis of the SCs without cell detachment, and the SCs phagocytosed the bacteria. These results reveal that SCs function as macrophage-like cells, protect adjacent HCs from pathogens, and provide a novel anti-infection inner ear immune system.
HIV-1 Transmission Patterns Within and Between Risk Groups in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Nduva George M. , Hassan Amin S. , Nazziwa Jamirah , Graham Susan M. , Esbjörnsson Joakim , Sanders Eduard J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHIV-1 transmission patterns within and between populations at different risk of HIV-1 acquisition in Kenya are not well understood. We investigated HIV-1 transmission networks in men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU), female sex workers (FSW) and heterosexuals (HET) in coastal Kenya. We used maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetics to analyse new (N = 163) and previously published (N = 495) HIV-1 polymerase sequences collected during 2005–2019. Of the 658 sequences, 131 (20%) were from MSM, 58 (9%) IDU, 109 (17%) FSW, and 360 (55%) HET. Overall, 206 (31%) sequences formed 61 clusters. Most clusters (85%) consisted of sequences from the same risk group, suggesting frequent within-group transmission. The remaining clusters were mixed between HET/MSM (7%), HET/FSW (5%), and MSM/FSW (3%) sequences. One large IDU-exclusive cluster was found, indicating an independent sub-epidemic among this group. Phylodynamic analysis of this cluster revealed a steady increase in HIV-1 infections among IDU since the estimated origin of the cluster in 1987. Our results suggest mixing between high-risk groups and heterosexual populations and could be relevant for the development of targeted HIV-1 prevention programmes in coastal Kenya.
Impact of Long-term Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lee Wonjae , Kim Sun-Hwa , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Suh Jung-Won , Cho Young-Seok , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLittle clinical evidence supports the strict implementation of glycemic control for diabetic patients with AMI. We aimed to demonstrate the effect of long-term glycemic control on mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Eight hundred and twenty-four consecutive diabetic patients were divided into three groups according to the mean hemoglobin (HbA1c) value: <6% (group A), ≥6% to <7.5% (group B), and ≥7.5% (group C). The best long-term mortality outcome was observed in Group B, followed by groups C and A. Groups B and C were further compared in-depth because the baseline characteristics of group A differed significantly. A Cox regression analysis indicated that Group C was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–2.34, P = 0.038]. An inverse probability of treatment weight analysis was performed to compare groups B and C. Group C had significantly higher mortality, compared to group B (adjusted HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.21–2.06, P  < 0.001). In conclusion, Glycemic status was associated with the long-term survival outcome in diabetic patients after AMI. However, further study is needed to prove whether HbA1c-targeted glycemic control can effectively improve survival after AMI.
Video-based augmented reality combining CT-scan and instrument position data to microscope view in middle ear surgery
Authors: Hussain Raabid , Lalande Alain , Marroquin Roberto , Guigou Caroline , Bozorg Grayeli Alexis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to develop and assess the performance of a video-based augmented reality system, combining preoperative computed tomography (CT) and real-time microscopic video, as the first crucial step to keyhole middle ear procedures through a tympanic membrane puncture. Six different artificial human temporal bones were included in this prospective study. Six stainless steel fiducial markers were glued on the periphery of the eardrum, and a high-resolution CT-scan of the temporal bone was obtained. Virtual endoscopy of the middle ear based on this CT-scan was conducted on Osirix software. Virtual endoscopy image was registered to the microscope-based video of the intact tympanic membrane based on fiducial markers and a homography transformation was applied during microscope movements. These movements were tracked using Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) method. Simultaneously, a micro-surgical instrument was identified and tracked using a Kalman filter. The 3D position of the instrument was extracted by solving a three-point perspective framework. For evaluation, the instrument was introduced through the tympanic membrane and ink droplets were injected on three middle ear structures. An average initial registration accuracy of 0.21 ± 0.10 mm (n = 3) was achieved with a slow propagation error during tracking (0.04 ± 0.07 mm). The estimated surgical instrument tip position error was 0.33 ± 0.22 mm. The target structures’ localization accuracy was 0.52 ± 0.15 mm. The submillimetric accuracy of our system without tracker is compatible with ear surgery.
Association of ANGPTL8 (Betatrophin) Gene Variants with Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Arab Adults
Authors: Alenad Amal , Alenezi Mona M. , Alokail Majed S. , Wani Kaiser , Mohammed Abdul Khader , Alnaami Abdullah M. , Sulimani Maha , Zargar Seema , Clerici Mario , Al-Daghri Nasser M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAngiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) has a role in lipid metabolism, beta-cell proliferation and diabetes progression, however, the association between different variants in the ANGPTL8 gene and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components has not been studied widely especially in Arab ethnic groups. In this study, the associations of ANGPTL8 variants on MetS risk in Saudi Arab adults were investigated. A total of 905 unrelated Saudi adults (580 healthy controls and 325 MetS) were included. MetS was screened based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The genotype and allele frequency distribution of rs737337 (T/C) and rs2278426 (C/T) polymorphism in ANGPTL8 gene was studied. Participants with MetS were significantly older, had higher BMI, and rs737337 polymorphism frequency was significantly lower than in control. Furthermore, the TC + CC genotype and C allele of rs737337 (T/C) was associated with decreased risk of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia [odds ratio (OR) 0.61, 95%CI 0.40–0.93, p = 0.016 and OR 0.58, 0.39–0.86, p = 0.007 respectively for hypercholesterolemia; and OR 0.66, 0.45–0.97, p = 0.032 and OR 0.65, 0.46–0.93; p = 0.016 respectively for hyperglycemia]. Similarly, CT, CT + TT genotype and T allele of rs2278426 (C/T) were associated with decreased risk of hyperglycemia (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the study suggests that the gene variants in SNPs rs 737337 (T/C) and rs 2278426 (C/T) are associated with lower risk of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. These findings supplement the growing literature supporting the role of ANGPTL8 in lipid and glucose metabolism.
Treatment- and immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer
Authors: Shao Jun , Wang Chengdi , Ren Pengwei , Jiang Yuting , Tian Panwen , Li Weimin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) emerged as the preferred therapy in advanced lung cancer, understanding the treatment- and immune-related adverse events of these drugs is of great significance for clinical practice.
Materials and methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and major conference proceedings were systematically searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in lung cancer using PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 inhibitors. The outcomes included treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and several organ specific immune-related adverse events (IRAEs).
Results: 24 RCTs involving 14,256 patients were included. There was a significant difference for ICI therapy in the incidence of any grade of TRAEs (RR: 0.90; 95%CI: 0.84–0.95; P=0.001) and a lower frequency of grade 3-5 of TRAEs (RR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.51–0.82; P&lt;0.001). Patients treated with ICI therapy in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were less reported TRAEs than in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A lower risk of TRAEs was favored by anti-PD-1 inhibitors over anti-PD-L1 antibodies and anti-CTLA-4 drugs. The most common organ specific IRAE was hypothyroidism that occurred 8.7%. The incidence of pneumonitis and hepatitis reached 4.5% and 4.0% respectively. Compared with patients treated in control arms, those treated with ICI drugs were at higher risk for each organ specific adverse event including colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, hypothyroidism and hypophysitis.
Conclusions: ICI therapy was safer than chemotherapy, especially ICI monotherapy such as anti-PD-1 antibodies in NSCLC. Compared with standard treatments, ICI drugs increased the risk of organ-specific IRAEs, although the overall incidence remained low.
Generation of passively Q‐switched ytterbium laser by using tungsten tri‐oxide film absorber
Authors: Shakir Al‐Hiti Ahmed , Al‐Masoodi Ahmed H. H. , Ru Wong Wei , Harun Sulaiman Wadi 
Published: April 2020

This study experimentally demonstrates a Q‐switched fibre laser using a new tungsten tri‐oxide (WO3)‐based saturable absorber (SA). Using the drop and casting approach, we managed to prepare a thin film that contained WO3 powders in polyvinyl alcohol. A small bit of the film was used to form an SA which was placed in a ytterbium‐doped fibre laser cavity to generate a Q‐switched laser. The laser, operating at 1063.78 nm, was realised at the threshold pump power of 85 mW with a repetition rate of 23.87 kHz and a pulse width of 5.56 μs. At the pump power of 147 mW, the laser produced the maximum pulse energy of 625 nJ, signal‐to‐noise ratio of 59 dB, the repetition rate of 39.79 kHz and pulse width of 2.37 μs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of using WO3 SA to generate the pulse laser in the 1 μm region.
Prognose der sprachlichen Entwicklung von Late Talkers bis zum Alter von 3 Jahren
Authors: Buschmann Anke , Ziegler Christina 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Es sollte die weitere sprachliche Entwicklung von Kindern, die mit 24 Monaten die Kriterien eines Late Talkers erfüllt hatten und mit 2½ Jahren noch immer als sprachentwicklungsverzögert eingestuft wurden, bis zum Alter von 3 Jahren erfasst werden. Zudem war es Ziel, prognostische Faktoren zu identifizieren, mittels derer ein Auf- bzw. Nicht-Aufholen bis zum Alter von 3 Jahren vorhergesagt werden kann.
Methode Mittels logistischer Regressionen wurden an einer Stichprobe von 43 Late Talkers verschiedene sprachliche und soziodemografische Variablen hinsichtlich ihres prognostischen Wertes für den Sprachstand mit 3 Jahren untersucht.
Ergebnisse 37 % der Late Talkers hatten den Sprachrückstand aufgeholt, 28 % zeigten eine sprachliche Schwäche und 35 % erfüllten die Kriterien einer Sprachentwicklungsstörung. Als signifikanter, prognostischer Faktor stellte sich die mit dem SETK-2 erfasste Fähigkeit zur Satzproduktion heraus. Nahezu alle Kinder mit weit unterdurchschnittlichen Ergebnissen wiesen Sprachdefizite mit 3 Jahren auf.
Diskussion Bei Kindern, die mit 24 Monaten als Late Talkers identifiziert werden, sollten mit 2½ Jahren die satzproduktiven Fähigkeiten standardisiert erfasst und bei deutlichen Defiziten eine Frühinterventionsmaßnahme initiiert werden.
F. X. Mayr im Wandel der Zeiten
Authors: Fegerl Sepp 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Darm wird in seiner Bedeutung für die Gesamtheit des Organismus als immer wichtiger eingeschätzt. Die F. X. Mayr-Therapie bildet eine effektive ganzheitliche Therapiemethode mit großem Präventionspotenzial, aber auch um bestehende Gesundheitsstörungen effektiv und nachhaltig zu behandeln.Mit den 4 Therapieprinzipien Schonung, Säuberung, Schulung, Substitution ist sie eine hervorragende Basismaßnahme, kann individuell abgewandelt und sehr gut mit anderen Therapiekonzepten kombiniert werden.
Kneipp-Therapie: Ganzheitliches Therapiekonzept im Aufwind
Authors: Bachmann Robert M. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Kneipp-Therapie bildet ein ganzheitliches Lebensstilkonzept mit den Elementen Hydro-, Ordnungs-, Ernährungs-, Bewegungs- und Heilpflanzentherapie. Es eignet sich hervorragend zur Prävention, aber auch zur Behandlung zahlreicher gesundheitlicher Störungen. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick mit Fokus auf der Hydrotherapie. Ein Anwendungsbeispiel illustriert die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten und das Vorgehen beim hypoton-orthostatischen Symptomenkomplex.
Tibetische Medizin
Authors: Hobert Ingfried 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Tibetische Medizin bietet ein breites Instrumentarium zur ganzheitlichen Behandlung verschiedener Gesundheitsstörungen, aus der Erfahrung des Autors insbesondere bei psychosomatischen und funktionellen Erkrankungen. Spezielle diagnostische Möglichkeiten wie Puls-, Zungen- und Urindiagnostik, der Einbezug der 5-Elemente-Lehre sowie konstitutioneller Besonderheiten des Patienten erweitern das diagnostische Spektrum. Die therapeutischen Optionen umfassen Heilpflanzenrezepturen, Ernährungstherapie, spezielle Verfahren wie Schröpfen oder Akupunktur, spirituelle Therapien sowie die Änderung von Verhalten und Lebensgewohnheiten.Die Stärke traditioneller Heilsysteme wie der Tibetischen Medizin zeigt sich insbesondere bei Gesundheitsstörungen, die schulmedizinisch noch nicht messbar sind. Sie können ursächlich mit einer individuell an den Patienten angepassten ganzheitlichen Behandlung angegangen werden.
Identification and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Meroterpenoids from Hericium erinaceus
Authors: Chen Baosong , Han Junjie , Bao Li , Wang Wenzhao , Ma Ke , Liu Hongwei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is a very popular edible and medicinal mushroom used for the treatment of enervation and gastrointestinal diseases in Eastern Asia. Chemical investigation on the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus led to the isolation of 4 new (1 – 4) and 10 known meroterpenoids (5 – 14). The structures of new compounds were determined via analysis of NMR and MS data in combination with chemical derivatization. The inhibitory activities of 1 – 14 against α-glucosidase were evaluated using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, sucrose, or maltose as substrate. Compounds 6, 9, 11 – 13 were demonstrated to show the α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. This work confirms the potential of H. erinaceus in the treatment of diabetes.
Endoscopic vacuum therapy versus stenting for postoperative esophago-enteric anastomotic leakage: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Scognamiglio Pasquale , Reeh Matthias , Karstens Karl , Bellon Eugen , Kantowski Marcus , Schön Gerhard , Zapf Antonia , Chon Seung-Hun , Izbicki Jakob R. , Tachezy Michael 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Esophageal anastomotic leakage still represents a challenging complication after esophageal surgery. Endoscopically placed self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) are the treatment of choice, but since the introduction of endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) for esophageal leakage 10 years ago, increasing evidence has demonstrated that EVT might be a superior alternative. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and related morbidity of SEMS and EVT in the treatment of esophageal leak.
Methods We systematically searched for studies comparing SEMS and EVT to treat anastomotic leakage after esophageal surgery. Predefined end points including outcome, treatment success, endoscopy, treatment duration, hospitalization time, morbidity, and mortality were assessed and included in the meta-analysis.
Results Five retrospective studies including 274 patients matched the inclusion criteria. Compared with stenting, EVT was significantly associated with a higher rate of leak closure (odds ratio [OR] 3.14, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.23 to 7.98), more endoscopic device changes (pooled median difference of 3.09; 95 %CI 1.54 to 4.64]), a shorter duration of treatment (pooled median difference –11.90 days; 95 %CI –18.59 to –5.21 days), and a lower mortality rate (OR 0.39, 95 %CI 0.18 to 0.83). There were no significant differences in short-term and major complications.
Conclusions Owing to the retrospective quality of the studies with potential biases, the results of the meta-analysis must be interpreted with caution. However, the analysis indicates the potential benefit of EVT, which should be further investigated with standardized and prospectively collected data.