bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeding the second star – II. CEMP star formation enriched from faint supernovae
Authors: Chiaki Gen , Wise John H , Marassi Stefania , Schneider Raffaella , Limongi Marco , Chieffi Alessandro 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars are the living fossils holding records of chemical enrichment from early generations of stars. In this work, we perform a set of numerical simulations of the enrichment from a supernova (SN) of a first generation of metal-free (Pop III) star and the gravitational collapse of the enriched cloud, considering all relevant cooling/heating processes and chemical reactions as well as the growth of dust grains. We adopt faint SN models for the first time with progenitor masses MPopIII = 13–$80 \ {\rm M_{\bigodot }}$, which yield C-enhanced abundance patterns ([C/Fe] = 4.57–4.75) through mixing and fallback of innermost layers of the ejecta. This model also considers the formation and destruction of dust grains. We find that the metals ejected by the SN can be partly re-accreted by the same dark matter minihalo, and carbon abundance of the enriched cloud A(C) = 3.80–5.06 is lower than the abundance range of observed CEMP stars (A(C) ≳ 6) because the mass of the metals ejected by faint SNe is smaller than normal core-collapse SNe due to extensive fallback. We also find that cloud fragmentation is induced by gas cooling from carbonaceous grains for $M_{\rm Pop III}= 13 \ {\rm M_{\bigodot }}$ even with the lowest iron abundance [Fe/H] ∼ −9. This leads to the formation of low-mass stars, and these ‘giga metal-poor’ stars can survive until the present-day Universe and may be found by future observations.
Illuminating a tadpole’s metamorphosis III: quantifying past and present environmental impact
Authors: Reiter Megan , Haworth Thomas J , Guzmán Andrés E , Klaassen Pamela D , McLeod Anna F , Garay Guido 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We combine Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer and Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array observations with theoretical models to evaluate how a tadpole-shaped globule located in the Carina Nebula has been influenced by its environment. This globule is now relatively small (radius ∼2500 au), hosts a protostellar jet+outflow (HH 900), and, with a blueshifted velocity of ∼10 km s−1, is travelling faster than it should be if its kinematics were set by the turbulent velocity dispersion of the precursor cloud. Its outer layers are currently still subject to heating, but comparing the internal and external pressures implies that the globule is in a post-collapse phase. Intriguingly the outflow is bent, implying that the Young Stellar Object (YSO) responsible for launching it is comoving with the globule, which requires that the star formed after the globule was up to speed since otherwise it would have been left behind. We conclude that the most likely scenario is one in which the cloud was much larger before being subject to radiatively driven implosion, which accelerated the globule to the high observed speeds under the photoevaporative rocket effect and triggered the formation of the star responsible for the outflow. The globule may now be in a quasi-steady state following collapse. Finally, the HH 900 YSO is likely ≳1 M⊙ and may be the only star forming in the globule. It may be that this process of triggered star formation has prevented the globule from fragmenting to form multiple stars (e.g. due to heating) and has produced a single higher mass star.
Planet Microbe: a platform for marine microbiology to discover and analyze interconnected ‘omics and environmental data
Authors: Ponsero Alise J , Bomhoff Matthew , Blumberg Kai , Youens-Clark Ken , Herz Nina M , Wood-Charlson Elisha M , Delong Edward F , Hurwitz Bonnie L 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, large-scale oceanic sequencing efforts have provided a deeper understanding of marine microbial communities and their dynamics. These research endeavors require the acquisition of complex and varied datasets through large, interdisciplinary and collaborative efforts. However, no unifying framework currently exists for the marine science community to integrate sequencing data with physical, geological, and geochemical datasets. Planet Microbe is a web-based platform that enables data discovery from curated historical and on-going oceanographic sequencing efforts. In Planet Microbe, each ‘omics sample is linked with other biological and physiochemical measurements collected for the same water samples or during the same sample collection event, to provide a broader environmental context. This work highlights the need for curated aggregation efforts that can enable new insights into high-quality metagenomic datasets. Planet Microbe is freely accessible from https://www.planetmicrobe.org/.
NetCore: a network propagation approach using node coreness
Authors: Barel Gal , Herwig Ralf 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present NetCore, a novel network propagation approach based on node coreness, for phenotype–genotype associations and module identification. NetCore addresses the node degree bias in PPI networks by using node coreness in the random walk with restart procedure, and achieves improved re-ranking of genes after propagation. Furthermore, NetCore implements a semi-supervised approach to identify phenotype-associated network modules, which anchors the identification of novel candidate genes at known genes associated with the phenotype. We evaluated NetCore on gene sets from 11 different GWAS traits and showed improved performance compared to the standard degree-based network propagation using cross-validation. Furthermore, we applied NetCore to identify disease genes and modules for Schizophrenia GWAS data and pan-cancer mutation data. We compared the novel approach to existing network propagation approaches and showed the benefits of using NetCore in comparison to those. We provide an easy-to-use implementation, together with a high confidence PPI network extracted from ConsensusPathDB, which can be applied to various types of genomics data in order to obtain a re-ranking of genes and functionally relevant network modules.
Transcriptome-wide stability analysis uncovers LARP4-mediated NFκB1 mRNA stabilization during T cell activation
Authors: Tian Yi , Zeng Zhouhao , Li Xiang , Wang Yiyin , Chen Runsen , Mattijssen Sandy , Gaidamakov Sergei , Wu Yuzhang , Maraia Richard J , Peng Weiqun , Zhu Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
T cell activation is a well-established model for studying cellular responses to exogenous stimulation. Motivated by our previous finding that intron retention (IR) could lead to transcript instability, in this study, we performed BruChase-Seq to experimentally monitor the expression dynamics of nascent transcripts in resting and activated CD4+ T cells. Computational modeling was then applied to quantify the stability of spliced and intron-retained transcripts on a genome-wide scale. Beyond substantiating that intron-retained transcripts were considerably less stable than spliced transcripts, we found a global stabilization of spliced mRNAs upon T cell activation, although the stability of intron-retained transcripts remained relatively constant. In addition, we identified that La-related protein 4 (LARP4), an RNA-binding protein (RBP) known to enhance mRNA stability, was involved in T cell activation-dependent mRNA stabilization. Knocking out Larp4 in mice destabilized Nfκb1 mRNAs and reduced secretion of interleukin-2 (IL2) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ), two factors critical for T cell proliferation and function. We propose that coordination between splicing regulation and mRNA stability may provide a novel paradigm to control spatiotemporal gene expression during T cell activation.
Impact of outreach education program on outcomes of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Mohammad Khorshid , Dharel Dinesh , Abou Mehrem Ayman , Esser Michael J , Paul Renee , Zein Hussein , Scott James N , Fiedrich Elsa , Murthy Prashanth , Dossani Salma , Kopores Kaley , Kowal Derek , Montpetit John , Al Awad Essa , Thomas Sumesh 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aim
To evaluate the impact of outreach education targeting neuroprotection on outcomes of outborn infants with moderate-to-severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of infants admitted with moderate-to-severe HIE was conducted following the implementation of outreach education in January 2016. Key interventions were early identification and referral of infants with encephalopathy utilizing telemedicine and a centralized communication system, hands-on simulation, and interactive case discussion and dissemination of clinical management guidelines and educational resources. The association between the intervention and a composite outcome of death and/or severe brain injury on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was tested controlling for the confounding factors.

Results
Of 165 neonates, 37 (22.4%) died and/or had a severe brain injury. This outcome decreased from 35% (27/77) to 11% (10/88) following the implementation of outreach education (P&lt;0.001). Eligible infants not undergoing therapeutic hypothermia within 6 hours from birth decreased from 19.5% (15/77) to 4.5% (4/88). The use of inotropes decreased from 49.3% (38/77) to 19.6% (13/88). Any core temperature below 33°C was recorded for 20/53 (38%) before and 16/78 (21%) after, while those within the target range of 33°C to 34°C at admission to a tertiary care facility increased from (15/53) 28% to (51/88) 58%. Outreach education was independently associated with decreased composite outcome of death and/or severe brain injury on MRI (adjusted odds ratio 0.2; 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.52).

Conclusion
Outreach education targeting neuroprotection for infants with moderate-to-severe HIE was associated with a reduction in death and/or severe brain injury.
A Comparison of Perceptions of Reassurance in Patients with Nontraumatic Neck Pain and Whiplash-Associated Disorders in Consultations with Primary Care Practitioners—An Online Survey
Authors: Silva Guerrero Alma Viviana , Setchell Jenny , Maujean Annick , Sterling Michele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesNeck pain remains highly prevalent and costly worldwide. Although reassurance has been recommended as a first line of treatment, specific advice on the best ways to provide reassurance has not been provided due to lack of evidence. Pain symptoms and experiences differ between patients with whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) and those with nontraumatic neck pain (NTNP). The aims of this study were to 1) identify and compare the concerns, fears, and worries of patients with WAD and NTNP; and 2) determine if patients believe their concerns are addressed by primary care providers.MethodsThese questions were investigated through an online survey, with a convenience sample of 30 participants with NTNP and 20 with WAD.ResultsA thematic analysis of survey responses resulted in the following seven themes related to common concerns, and two regarding how well concerns were addressed. Common concerns expressed by both groups shared four themes: 1) further structural damage, 2) psychological distress, 3) concerns about the future, and 4) hardships that eventuate. Theme 5), pain/disability is long term, was specific to WAD. Themes 6), pain is current or reoccurring, and 7), interference with daily life, were specific to NTNP. Regarding how well patient concerns were addressed, two overarching themes were common to both conditions: 1) concerns were addressed, with both groups sharing the subthemes “successful treatment,” “reassurance,” and “trust”; and 2) concerns were not addressed, where all subthemes were shared with the exception of two unique to NTNP.ConclusionsThis detailed comparison provides information about neck pain patients’ concerns and fears, while providing health practitioners support for selecting strategies to promote reassurance appropriately for individual patient needs. Our findings from patients’ perspectives enhance the understanding for providing reassurance for neck pain as proposed by our analysis.
Secondary attack rate of COVID-19 in household contacts: a systematic review
Authors: Shah K , Saxena D , Mavalankar D 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel virus with continuously evolving transmission trends. Contact tracing and quarantining of positive cases are chief strategies of disease control that has been accepted globally, though scientific knowledge regarding household transmission of the COVID-19 through contact of positive case is sparse. Current systematic review was planned to assess global statistics and characteristics of household secondary attack rate (SAR) of COVID-19. Eligible articles were retrieved through search of—MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE for the period December 2019 to 15 June 2020. Search terms were developed to identify articles reporting household SARs in various countries. After initial screening of 326 articles, 13 eligible studies were included in the final evidence synthesis. We found that SAR varies widely across countries with lowest reported rate as 4.6% and highest as 49.56%. The rates were unaffected by confounders such as population of the country, lockdown status and geographic location. Review suggested greater vulnerability of spouse and elderly population for secondary transmission than other household members. It was also observed that quarantining and isolation are most effective strategies for prevention of the secondary transmission of the disease. Symptomatic status of the index case emerged to be a critical factor, with very low transmission probability during asymptomatic phase. Present review findings recommend that adequate measures should be provided to protect the vulnerable population as only case tracing and quarantining might be insufficient. It should be combined with advisory for limiting household contacts and active surveillance for symptom onset.
Predictors of joint damage progression and stringent remission in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission
Authors: Møller-Bisgaard Signe , Georgiadis Stylianos , Hørslev-Petersen Kim , Ejbjerg Bo , Hetland Merete Lund , Ørnbjerg Lykke Midtbøll , Glinatsi Daniel , Møller Jakob , Boesen Mikael , Stengaard-Pedersen Kristian , Madsen Ole Rintek , Jensen Bente , Villadsen Jan Alexander , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Bennett Philip , Hendricks Oliver , Asmussen Karsten , Kowalski Marcin , Lindegaard Hanne , Bliddal Henning , Krogh Niels Steen , Ellingsen Torkell , Nielsen Agnete H. , Balding Lone , Jurik Anne Grethe , Thomsen Henrik S. , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To study if clinical, radiographic and MRI markers can predict MRI and radiographic damage progression and achievement of stringent remission in patients with established RA in clinical remission followed by a targeted treatment strategy.

Methods
RA patients (DAS28-CRP &lt;3.2, no swollen joints) receiving conventional synthetic DMARDs were randomized to conventional or MRI-targeted treat-to-target strategies with predefined algorithmic treatment escalations. Potentially predictive baseline variables were tested in multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results
In the 171 patients included, baseline MRI osteitis independently predicted progression in MRI erosion [odds ratio (OR) 1.13 (95% CI 1.06, 1.22)], joint space narrowing [OR 1.15 (95% CI 1.07, 1.24)] and combined damage [OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.13, 1.37)], while tenosynovitis independently predicted MRI erosion progression [OR 1.13 (95% CI 1.03, 1.25)]. A predictor of radiographic erosion progression was age, while gender predicted progression in joint space narrowing. Following an MRI treat-to-target strategy predicted stringent remission across all remission definitions: Clinical Disease Activity Index remission OR 2.94 (95% CI 1.25, 7.52), Simplified Disease Activity Index remission OR 2.50 (95% CI 1.01, 6.66), ACR/EULAR Boolean remission OR 5.47 (95% CI 2.33, 14.13). Similarly, low tender joint count and low patient visual analogue scale pain and global independently predicted achievement of more stringent remission.

Conclusion
Baseline MRI osteitis and tenosynovitis were independent predictors of 2 year MRI damage progression in RA patients in clinical remission, while independent predictors of radiographic damage progression were age and gender. Following an MRI treat-to-target strategy, low scores of patient-reported outcomes and low tender joint count predicted achievement of stringent remission.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov), NCT01656278.
Relationship between diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis and fragility vertebral fracture: a prospective study in older men
Authors: Guiot Anaïs , Estublier Charline , Gaude Marine , Szulc Pawel , Chapurlat Roland 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To analyse the risk of incident vertebral and non-vertebral fracture in men with DISH.

Methods
In 782 men ages 50–85 years, DISH was diagnosed using Resnick’s criteria. In men followed prospectively for 7.5 years, a radiographic incident vertebral fracture was defined by a decrease of ≥20% or ≥4mm in any vertebral height vs baseline. Self-reported incident non-vertebral fractures were confirmed by medical records.

Results
Men with DISH had higher BMD at the lumbar spine (P &lt; 0.05), but not at other skeletal sites. After adjustment for confounders including disc space narrowing (DSN) and endplate irregularity, the risk of vertebral fracture was higher in men with DISH vs men without DISH [10/164 (6.1%) vs 16/597 (2.7%), P &lt; 0.05; odds ratio (OR) 2.89 (95% CI 1.15, 7.28), P &lt; 0.05]. DISH and low spine BMD were each associated with a higher vertebral fracture risk. The vertebral fracture risk was higher in men who had both DISH and severe DSN. DISH and endplate irregularities (EIs) were each associated with higher vertebral fracture risk. DISH, DSN and EIs define the intervertebral space dysfunction, which was associated with higher vertebral fracture risk [OR 3.99 (95% CI 1.45, 10.98), P &lt; 0.01]. Intervertebral space dysfunction improved the vertebral fracture prediction (ΔAUC = +0.111, P &lt; 0.05), mainly in men with higher spine BMD (&gt;0.9 g/cm2; ΔAUC = +0.189, P &lt; 0.001). DISH was not associated with the risk of non-vertebral fracture.

Conclusion
DISH is associated with higher vertebral fracture risk, independently of other risk factors. Assessment of the intervertebral space dysfunction components may improve the vertebral fracture prediction in older men.
REPEAT CHEST CT SCANS IN MODERATE-TO-SEVERE PATIENTS’ MANAGEMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: OBSERVATIONS FROM A SINGLE CENTRE IN WUHAN, CHINA
Authors: Chen Lang , Wang Qiuxia , Wu Hongyu , Hu Junwu , Zhang Jing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
To observe the rates of repeated computed tomographic scans (CTs) in a cohort of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and to assess the validity of repeat CTs.

Methods
Each CT was recorded, and the validity of the repeated CTs was assessed.

Results
The 394 patients underwent a total of 1493 CTs. Of the 394 patients, 260 received at least one non-value-added CT. Both the total number of CTs (median, 4; interquartile range (IQR), 3–5) and non-value-added CTs (median, 1; IQR, 0–1) per patient were strongly related to the disease duration (R2 = 0.566 for total CTs, R2 = 0.432 for non-value-added CTs, p &lt; 0.001). The proportion of non-value-added CTs was potentially higher after 3 weeks from symptom onset (&gt;35%).

Conclusions
There was a high rate of repeat CTs for the COVID-19 patients, and the proportion of non-value-added CTs increased with disease duration. Follow-up CT should be avoided without clinical decline.

Advances in Knowledge
As COVID-19 is impacting healthcare systems across the globe, we believe in our findings that serial chest CT imaging has limited clinical utility in basically stable COVID-19 patients, will help relieve some of this burden.
Construction of the concept of pairability in comparing infinite sets in the individuals’ mind: an APOS approach
Authors: Mahdiyan Mohadaseh , Barahmand Ali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on the concept of pairability as a fundamental metaphorical concept in the Cantorian set theory regarding comparison of infinite sets. In this theory, pairability appears in a hierarchical manner of generating and developing as a one-to-one correspondence by arrows in finite, and then in infinite states, a bijection map through an explicit formula and the concept of cardinality. Adapting these hierarchical components of pairability and the APOS theory, about description of constructing and understanding a mathematical concept in a hierarchical manner, this study examines the construction of the concept of pairability in the individuals’ mind. In this way, their imaginations of pairability and practical performances in different situations will also be surveyed. In so doing, a total of 20 mathematics teachers and university lecturers holding at least an M.Sc. degree in mathematics were chosen. To collect the data, interviews were conducted in which the participants not only answered questions about the concept of the various types of pairability but also compared infinite countable sets in different situations. Our findings revealed that a bijection map via an explicit formula was the individuals’ dominant conception of pairability and most of the incorrect answers were related to unsuccessful attempts to recall a formula or method as the only possible way, and the encapsulated concept of cardinality was used less frequently in practice. Therefore, there was not a total schema of actions, processes and objects of the concept of pairability in the individuals’ mind.
Testing wastewater to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in communities
Authors: Harries Anthony D , dar Berger Selma , Satyanarayana Srinath , Thekkur Pruthu , Kumar Ajay M V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Research groups around the world are starting to analyse whether wastewater surveillance is a useful tool to monitor the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in communities. Reported studies from the Netherlands, USA, Australia and France have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected and quantified in wastewater, allowing the total number of community infections to be estimated as well as monitoring whether the virus has returned to a community after elimination. Further work is required to improve the quantification of virus, to better detect the virus at low levels and to ensure wastewater samples are representative of the community under surveillance.