bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource enrichment combined with biomass removal maintains plant diversity and community stability in a long-term grazed grassland
Authors: Xu Feng-Wei , Li Jian-Jun , Wu Li-Ji , Lu Xiao-Ming , Xing Wen , Chen Di-Ma , Zhu Biao , Wang Shao-Peng , Jiang Lin , Bai Yong-Fei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Long-term heavy grazing reduces plant diversity and ecosystem function by intensifying nitrogen (N) and water limitation. In contrast, the absence of biomass removal can cause species loss by elevating light competition and weakening community stability, which is exacerbated by N and water enrichment. Hence, how to maintain species diversity and community stability is still a huge challenge for sustainable management of worldwide grasslands.

Methods
We conducted a 4-year manipulated experiment in six long-term grazing blocks to explore combination of resource additions and biomass removal (increased water, N and light availability) on species richness and community stability in semiarid grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China.

Important Findings
In all blocks treated with the combination of resource additions and biomass removal, primary productivity increased and species richness and community stability were maintained over 4 years of experiment. At both species and plant functional group (PFG) levels, the aboveground biomass of treated plants remained temporally stable in treatments with the combination of N and/or water addition and biomass removal. The maintenance of species richness was primarily caused by the biomass removal, which could increase the amount of light exposure for grasses under resource enrichment. Both species asynchrony and stability of PFGs contributed to the high temporal stability observed in these communities. Our results indicate that management practices of combined resource enrichment with biomass removal, such as grazing or mowing, could not only enhance primary productivity but also maintain plant species diversity, species asynchrony and community stability. Furthermore, as overgrazing-induced degradation and resource enrichment-induced biodiversity loss continue to be major problems worldwide, our findings have important implications for adaptive management in semiarid grasslands and beyond.
Lung herniation through the thoracic wall after persistent sneezing and coughing in an obesity and COPD Patient
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed , Linsmeier Bernd 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present the case of a 61-year-old male patient with a known medical history of morbid obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation, who was receiving anticoagulation therapy with enoxaparin natrium prescribed by his family physician. The patient presented himself to the emergency department of our hospital with a complaint of severe pain in the right hemithorax, dyspnea, and diffuse cutaneous and subcutaneous haematoma in the inferior part of the right hemithoracic region. The patient underwent right-side video-assisted thoracic surgery on the second day to evacuate the haematothorax. Thoracic wall repair was achieved using a sandwich technique with a sublay reinforced with pericostal sutures and onlay insertion of bovine pericardium mesh.
New types of topological superconductors under local magnetic symmetries
Authors: Zou Jinyu , Xie Qing , Song Zhida , Xu Gang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We classify gapped topological superconducting (TSC) phases of one-dimensional quantum wires with local magnetic symmetries, in which the time-reversal symmetry $\mathcal {T}$ is broken, but its combinations with certain crystalline symmetries, such as $M_x \mathcal {T}$, $C_{2z} \mathcal {T}$, $C_{4z}\mathcal {T}$ and $C_{6z}\mathcal {T}$, are preserved. Our results demonstrate that an equivalent BDI class TSC can be realized in the $M_x \mathcal {T}$ or $C_{2z} \mathcal {T}$ superconducting wire, which is characterized by a chiral Zc invariant. More interestingly, we also find two types of totally new TSC phases in the $C_{4z}\mathcal {T}$ and $C_{6z}\mathcal {T}$ superinducting wires, which are beyond the known AZ class, and are characterized by a helical Zh invariant and Zh⊕Zc invariants, respectively. In the Zh TSC phase, Z pairs of Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are protected at each end. In the $C_{6z}\mathcal {T}$ case, the MZMs can be either chiral or helical, and even helical-chiral coexisting. The minimal models preserving $C_{4z}\mathcal {T}$ or $C_{6z}\mathcal {T}$ symmetry are presented to illustrate their novel TSC properties and MZMs.
Personal networks and mortality in later life: racial and ethnic differences
Authors: Roth Adam R 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundSocial network characteristics are associated with health outcomes in later life, including mortality. Moreover, there are well-established mortality disparities across race and ethnicity. Although previous studies have documented these associations separately, limited research considers the two in tandem. The present study addressed how the associations between social network characteristics and mortality differ across race and ethnicity in later life.MethodsData were from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. At baseline, 3005 respondents were interviewed with regards to their health and social networks. Five years later, 430 respondents had died. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of all-cause mortality over the study period.ResultsNetwork size and kin composition were negatively associated with mortality, whereas density was positively associated with mortality. There was a stronger negative association between the kin composition and mortality for Hispanic respondents compared with white and Black respondents.ConclusionThe present study contributes to the large literature documenting the link between social networks and health by highlighting the importance of analyzing networks through a sociocultural lens.
The Effect of Sunflower Seed and Almond Oil on Preterm Infant Skin: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Caglar Seda , Yildiz Gizem Kerimoglu , Bakoglu Ilkay , Salihoglu Ozgul 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of sunflower seed oil (SSO) and almond oil (AO) on stratum corneum hydration and Neonatal Skin Condition Scores (NSCSs) of preterm infants.

METHODS
This randomized controlled trial recruited 90 preterm infants whose gestational ages were between 32 and 37 weeks in the neonatal ICU. Infants were randomly assigned to three groups (SSO, AO, or control). The oils were applied to the whole body of each infant except for the head and face by a nurse researcher four times a day (4 mL/kg) for 5 days.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Skin condition of the infants as evaluated with the NSCS; hydration as measured by a skin moisture meter before and after application.

MAIN RESULTS
When average stratum corneum hydration was compared, infants in the SSO and AO groups had better hydration than infants in the control group. The NSCS scores in the control group were significantly higher than in the intervention groups, but there was no difference between the SSO and AO groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Neither SSO nor AO has harmful effects on the skin, and their use may improve stratum corneum hydration. These oils can be used by nurses to hydrate the skin of preterm infants. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of natural oils on infant skin.
Rejection of Patients With Opioid Use Disorder Referred for Post-acute Medical Care Before and After an Anti-discrimination Settlement in Massachusetts
Authors: Kimmel Simeon D. , Rosenmoss Sophie , Bearnot Benjamin , Larochelle Marc , Walley Alexander Y. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To determine how commonly medical inpatients with opioid use disorder (OUD) referred for postacute medical care were rejected due to substance use or treatment with opioid agonist therapy (OAT). Additionally, to assess for changes in rejection rates following the United States Attorney's May 2018 settlement with a Massachusetts nursing facility for violating anti-discrimination laws for such rejections.

Methods:
We linked electronic referrals to private Massachusetts postacute medical care facilities from Boston Medical Center in 2018 with clinical data. We included referrals with evidence of OUD using ICD-10 diagnosis codes or OAT receipt. We identified the frequency of referrals where the stated rejection reason was substance use or OAT and classified these as discriminatory. We used segmented regression to assess for changes in proportion of referrals with substance use and OAT-related rejections before and after the settlement.

Results:
In 2018, 219 OUD-associated hospitalizations resulted in 1648 referrals to 285 facilities; 81.8% (1348) were rejected. Among hospitalizations, 37.4% (82) received at least 1 discriminatory rejection. Among rejections, 15.1% (203) were discriminatory (105 for OAT and 98 for substance use). Among facilities, 29.1% (83) had at least one discriminatory rejection. We found no differences in proportion of discriminatory rejections before and after the settlement.

Conclusions:
Individuals hospitalized with OUD frequently experience explicit discrimination when rejected from postacute care despite federal and state protections. Efforts are needed to enhance enforcement of anti-discrimination laws, regulations, and policies to ensure access to postacute medical care for people with OUD and ongoing medical needs.
Immunotherapy in gynecological cancers: where are we?
Authors: Polastro Laura , Closset Celine , Kerger Joseph 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
This manuscript discusses the clinical evidence on immunotherapy for ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer. We report here the results of the clinical trials and present the ongoing trial in this area.

Recent findings
Immunotherapy has become a pillar of cancer treatment improving the prognosis of many patients with a broad variety of solid malignancies. Unfortunately, until recently the progress achieved in some other tumors has not been seen in the majority of patients with gynecological cancer. Except for some subgroups of endometrial cancers the immune checkpoint inhibitors in monotherapy have shown unsatisfactory results. However, several combinations of immunotherapy with other drugs are under investigation and are very promising. It is essential, to develop tools to select the patients who will response best to immunotherapy.

Summary
Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted therapies are awaited in gynecological cancers and could provide additional benefit.
Hitting the sweet spot: exploiting HIV-1 glycan shield for induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Wagh Kshitij , Hahn Beatrice H. , Korber Bette 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The surface of the HIV-1 Env glycoprotein, the target of neutralizing antibodies, is extensively covered by N-linked glycans that create a glycan shield. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), the primary targets of HIV-1 vaccine design, have to negotiate this glycan shield. Here, we review the barriers and opportunities that the HIV-1 glycan shield presents for vaccine induction of bNAbs.

Recent findings
Glycan shields can impact the nature of the antibody response and influence the development of neutralization breadth in HIV-1 infections. The architecture of the glycan shield arising from glycan interactions and dynamics have been modeled, and its fine structure, that is, the site-wise glycan heterogeneity, has been determined for some isolates. Although the extent of glycan shielding is conserved, the precise number, location and processing of glycans, however, is strain-dependent. New insights continue to reveal how such differences can impact bNAb activity and development. Novel approaches have exploited the glycan shield for designing immunogens that bind the germline precursors of bNAbs, a critical roadblock for vaccine-induction of bNAbs.

Summary
The HIV-1 glycan shield can significantly impact the induction and maturation of bNAbs, and a better understanding of how to manipulate it will improve immunogen design.
Aggressive CD4/CD8 Double-Negative Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma With Dural Invasion: A Rare Presentation of Mycosis Fungoides?
Authors: Haghayeghi Koorosh , Robinson-Bostom Leslie , Olszewski Adam , Jackson Cynthia L. , Patel Nimesh R. , Sewastianik Tomasz , Carrasco Ruben D. , Shanmugam Vignesh , Treaba Diana O. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is primarily characterized by epidermotropic CD3+/CD4+/CD45RO+ memory T cells. CD4/CD8 double-negative MF is an uncommon variant with no presumed prognostic significance. Despite the variability in the clinical course and presentation of MF, most cases behave indolently. About 5% of patients, however, advance to stage IV with visceral organ involvement. Central nervous system metastasis in MF is rare with no known cases of direct central nervous system invasion by MF to date. We report an exceedingly rare locally aggressive case of CD4/CD8 double-negative MF with direct dural invasion and underline pertinent diagnostic challenges encountered in our case.
Atypical BCL6/GATA3+ Primary Cutaneous Acral CD8-Positive T-Cell Lymphoma: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Prieto-Torres Lucia , Camacho-García Diana , Piris Miguel Ángel , Requena Luis , Rodríguez-Pinilla Socorro María 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous acral CD8-positive T-cell lymphoma consists of slow-growing nodules in acral sites with a histopathology, suggesting high-grade lymphoma despite the indolent clinical course. It has been recently included in WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas as a provisional entity. A correct diagnosis of this entity is important because its differential diagnosis include more aggressive cutaneous lymphomas. We present a 53-year-old woman with an indolent solitary nodule on her right leg, which histopathologically showed features of CD8-positive T-cell lymphoma, although with some peculiarities, including epidermotropism, absence of CD68 expression, and positivity for GATA3 and Bcl6 in neoplastic cells. This case could contribute to better define the spectrum of this rare cutaneous lymphoma.
Surgical management of positive dysphotopsia: U.S. perspective
Authors: Masket Samuel , Rupnick Zsofia , Fram Nicole R. , Kwong Stephen , McLachlan Jessie 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate clinical outcomes of intraocular lens (IOL) exchange for intolerable positive dysphotopsia (PD).

Setting:
Private practice, Advanced Vision Care, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Design:
Retrospective review, case series.

Methods:
Fifty-six eyes of 46 pseudophakic patients requiring surgical management of PD between 2013 and 2019 were reviewed. Thirty-seven eyes had PD alone and 19 had combined negative dysphotopsia and PD. Inclusion criteria: corrected distance visual acuity of 20/30 or better without significant corneal, retinal, or optic nerve pathology. Exclusion criteria: corneal, macular, or optic nerve disease and multifocal dysphotopsia alone (defined patterns of concentric multiple halos or spider web patterns when looking at a point source of light). Primary outcome measure was improvement or resolution of self-reported PD symptoms by 3 months postoperatively. Secondary outcome measures included analysis of intraocular lenses (IOLs) that induced PD for IOL material, index of refraction, and edge design.

Results:
IOL materials successful in the alleviation of PD symptoms were as follows: 20 (87.8%) of 33 silicone, 15 (76.2%) of 21 copolymer, and 2 poly(methyl methacrylate) (100%). However, when considering IOL exchange for an acrylic to silicone optic or acrylic to collamer optic, the percentages of improvement are indistinguishable at 87% and 88%, respectively.

Conclusions:
PD symptoms might be improved by changing the IOL material and, therefore, index of refraction. Although edge design plays an important role in etiology, changing the IOL material to a lower index of refraction may prove to be an effective surgical strategy to improve intolerable PD.
Fluid-jet technique to polish the posterior capsule for phacoemulsification surgeries: efficacy and safety evaluation
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Cao Qianzhong , Qu Bo , Wang Wei , Ruan Xiaoting , Zheng Danying , Jin Guangming , Tan Xuhua , Jin Ling , He Mingguang , Congdon Nathan , Lin Haotian , Luo Lixia , Liu Yizhi 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:To compare the efficacy and safety of a fluid-jet technique with capsular polish in reducing residual lens fibers (RLFs) in phacoemulsification surgery.Setting:Single center.Design:Prospective nonrandomized comparative study.Methods:Patients receiving phacoemulsification were included. Consecutive eligible patients alternately underwent either removal of RLFs on the posterior capsule using capsular polish after irrigation and aspiration, and before intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, or RLF removal using a fluid-jet technique after IOL implantation. Posterior capsular images were used to quantify RLFs. Visual parameters were evaluated at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 year postoperatively. The proportion of capsule occupied by posterior capsule opacification (PCO) (area %) and incidence of protocol-driven laser posterior capsulotomy were recorded at 1 year in masked fashion.Results:Seven hundred forty eyes were allocated to polishing (n = 370) or fluid-jet technique (n = 370). Polishing required 70.4 ± 17.5 seconds and fluid-jet 32.2 ± 9.9 seconds (P≤ 0.001). Compared with the polishing group, capsular area occupied by RLFs in the fluid-jet group was significantly smaller (3.5% vs 0.5%,P= .031) at the end of surgery. One day postoperatively, the fluid-jet group had more desirable corrected distance visual acuity, objective scattering index, and Strehl ratio (allP< .05). PCO area percentage did not differ between groups (6.5% vs 4.5%,P= .252) 1 year postoperatively, but incidence of posterior capsulotomy was lower in the fluid-jet group (3.2% vs 0.8%,P= .019).Conclusions:Fluid-jet removed RLFs effectively and had lower incidence of postoperative capsulotomy than capsular polishing.
Concomitant decrease of double-positive lymphocyte population CD4CD8αα and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Touchefeu Yann , Duchalais Emilie , Bruley des Varannes Stanislas , Alameddine Joudy , Mirallie Eric , Matysiak-Budnik Tamara , Le Bastard Quentin , Javaudin François , Rimbert Marie , Jotereau Francine , Montassier Emmanuel 
Published: July 2020

Introduction and aims
Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) compatible with a contribution of the gut microbiota in carcinogenesis have been reported. In particular, a decrease Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has been identified. A CD4CD8αα, double-positive lymphocyte population (DP8α) has recently been demonstrated in the human colon and blood with regulatory functions and specificity for F. prausnitzii. Here, we aimed to detect dysbiosis in the fecal microbiome of patients with CRC by metagenomic analysis, and to look for changes in the levels of DP8α circulating T cells specific for F. prausnitzii in these patients.

Patients and methods
Patients with CRC and control subjects were prospectively included. None had received antibiotics in the previous month or any anti-tumor treatment. A stool sample was collected for each participant, and analyzed by shotgun sequencing. The DP8α T cell population was identified and quantified on fresh whole blood by flow cytometry with anti-CD45, anti-CD3, anti-CD4 and anti-CD8α co-labeling.

Results
Twenty-one patients with CRC and 20 controls subjects were included. We found that mean relative abundance of five species was significantly decreased in CRC patients compared with controls, including F. prausnitzii, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Alistipes finegoldii, Bacteroides eggerthii and Eubacterium siraeum. We also found that the DP8α T cell population was significantly decreased in the blood of CRC patients compared with controls.

Conclusion
In our work, we showed that a reduced abundance of F. prausnitzii in CRC patients was associated to a significant decrease in the circulating DP8α Treg population, suggesting a potential involvement of reduced activity of DP8α T cells in colonic carcinogenesis. These findings open new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CRC.
Analysis of Missed Sepsis Patients in a Pediatric Emergency Department With a Vital Sign-Based Electronic Sepsis Alert
Authors: Souganidis Ellie , Abbadessa Mary Kate , Ku Brandon , Minich Christian , Lavelle Jane , Zorc Joseph , Balamuth Fran 
Published: July 2020

Objective
To characterize the cohort of missed sepsis patients since implementation of an electronic sepsis alert in a pediatric emergency department (ED).

Methods
Retrospective cohort study in a tertiary care children's hospital ED from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2017. Missed patients met international consensus criteria for severe sepsis requiring intensive care unit admission within 24 hours of ED stay but were not treated with the sepsis pathway/order set in the ED. We evaluated characteristics of missed patients compared with sepsis pathway patients including alert positivity, prior intensive care unit admission, and laboratory testing via medical record review. Outcomes included timeliness of antibiotic therapy and need for vasoactive medications.

Results
There were 919 sepsis pathway patients and 53 (5%) missed patients during the study period. Of the missed patients, 41 (77%) had vital signs that flagged the sepsis alert. Of these 41 patients, 13 (32%) had a documented sepsis huddle where the team determined that the sepsis pathway was not indicated and 28 (68%) had no sepsis alert-related documentation. Missed patients were less likely to receive timely antibiotics (relative risk, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.3–0.7) and more likely to require vasoactive medications (relative risk, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.9–6.5) compared with sepsis patients.

Conclusions
In an ED with an electronic sepsis alert, missed patients often had positive sepsis alerts but were not treated for sepsis. Missed patients were more likely than sepsis pathway patients to require escalation of care after admission and less likely to receive timely antibiotics.
Descriptive Analysis of Patients Living With HIV Affected by COVID-19
Authors: Gudipati Smitha , Brar Indira , Murray Shannon , McKinnon John E. , Yared Nicholas , Markowitz Norman 
Published: July 2020

Background:
COVID-19 disease has spread globally and was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization. On March 10, the State of Michigan confirmed its first 2 cases of COVID-19, and the number of confirmed cases has reached 47,182 as of May 11, 2020, with 4555 deaths.

Setting:
Currently, little is known if patients living with HIV (PLWH) are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19 or if their antiretrovirals are protective. This study presents epidemiologic and clinical features of COVID-19 infected PLWH in Detroit, Michigan.

Methods:
This is a case series that included 14 PLWH with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who were evaluated at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, between March 20, 2020, and April 30, 2020.

Results:
Fourteen PLWH were diagnosed with COVID-19. Twelve patients were men and 2 were women; 13 patients were virally suppressed. Eight patients were hospitalized, and 6 patients were told to self-quarantine at home after their diagnoses. Three patients who were admitted expired during their hospital stay. No patient required bilevel positive airway pressure or nebulizer use in the emergency department, and none developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, or a cytokine storm while on therapy for COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Although the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 among PLWH cannot be fully ascertained by this report, it adds to the data that suggest that HIV-positive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are not at a greater risk of severe disease or death as compared to HIV-negative patients.