bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Above-knee amputation in a 69-year-old male with gouty tophi complicated by necrotising fasciitis – a case report
Authors: Abebe Metasebia Worku , Asfaw Abigya Aschalew 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Gout is the most prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis in males as a result of high uric acid levels that cause deposition of monosodium urate crystals in soft tissues, bones, and joints. It commonly presents as a swollen, erythematous, and painful joint. Necrotising fasciitis is rapidly progressing aggressive soft tissue infection that spreads along the fascial planes sparing the skin; it is very uncommon for necrotising fasciitis to occur as a complication of gouty arthritis. We present here a case of a 69-year-old male with a known history of untreated gouty arthritis and tophi over the right foot that complicated into necrtotising fasciits of the leg with extension to the upper thigh, which was surgically debrided but also necessitated above-knee amputation for infection control, survival, and best possible functional outcome of the patient.
Visualizing the modification landscape of the human 60S ribosomal subunit at close to atomic resolution
Authors: Wiechert Franziska , Unbehaun Anett , Sprink Thiemo , Seibel Helena , Bürger Jörg , Loerke Justus , Mielke Thorsten , Diebolder Christoph A , Schacherl Magdalena , Spahn Christian M T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chemical modifications of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and proteins expand their topological repertoire, and together with the plethora of bound ligands, fine-tune ribosomal function. Detailed knowledge of this natural composition provides important insights into ribosome genesis and function and clarifies some aspects of ribosomopathies. The discovery of new structural properties and functional aspects of ribosomes has gone hand in hand with cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and its technological development. In line with the ability to visualize atomic details – a prerequisite for identifying chemical modifications and ligands in cryo-EM maps – in this work we present the structure of the 60S ribosomal subunit from HeLa cells at the very high global resolution of 1.78 Å. We identified 113 rRNA modifications and four protein modifications including uL2-Hisβ-ox216, which stabilizes the local structure near the peptidyl transferase centre via an extended hydrogen-bonding network. We can differentiate metal ions Mg2+ and K+, polyamines spermine, spermidine and putrescine and identify thousands of water molecules binding to the 60S subunit. Approaching atomic resolution cryo-EM has become a powerful tool to examine fine details of macromolecular structures that will expand our knowledge about translation and other biological processes in the future and assess the variability of the chemical space due to differences between species/tissues or varying physicochemical environment.
Precision genome editing using combinatorial viral vector delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases and donor DNA constructs
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Xiaoling , Janssen Josephine M , Liu Jin , Tasca Francesca , Hoeben Rob C , Gonçalves Manuel A F V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Genome editing based on programmable nucleases and donor DNA constructs permits introducing specific base-pair changes and complete transgenes or live-cell reporter tags at predefined chromosomal positions. A crucial requirement for such versatile genome editing approaches is, however, the need to co-deliver in an effective, coordinated and non-cytotoxic manner all the required components into target cells. Here, adenoviral (AdV) and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are investigated as delivery agents for, respectively, engineered CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases and donor DNA constructs prone to homologous recombination (HR) or homology-mediated end joining (HMEJ) processes. Specifically, canonical single-stranded and self-complementary double-stranded AAVs served as sources of ectopic HR and HMEJ substrates, whilst second- and third-generation AdVs provided for matched CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases. We report that combining single-stranded AAV delivery of HR donors with third-generation AdV transfer of CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases results in selection-free and precise whole transgene insertion in large fractions of target-cell populations (i.e. up to 93%) and disclose that programmable nuclease-induced chromosomal breaks promote AAV transduction. Finally, besides investigating relationships between distinct AAV structures and genome-editing performance endpoints, we further report that high-fidelity CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases are critical for mitigating off-target chromosomal insertion of defective AAV genomes known to be packaged in vector particles.
Big brother: the effects of surveillance on fundamental aspects of social vision
Authors: Seymour Kiley , McNicoll Jarrod , Koenig-Robert Roger 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the dramatic rise of surveillance in our societies, only limited research has examined its effects on humans. While most research has focused on voluntary behaviour, no study has examined the effects of surveillance on more fundamental and automatic aspects of human perceptual awareness and cognition. Here, we show that being watched on CCTV markedly impacts a hardwired and involuntary function of human sensory perception—the ability to consciously detect faces. Using the method of continuous flash suppression (CFS), we show that when people are surveilled (N = 24), they are quicker than controls (N = 30) to detect faces. An independent control experiment (N = 42) ruled out an explanation based on demand characteristics and social desirability biases. These findings show that being watched impacts not only consciously controlled behaviours but also unconscious, involuntary visual processing. Our results have implications concerning the impacts of surveillance on basic human cognition as well as public mental health.
Conjugated phthalocyanine-based framework as artificial SEI for over 400 Wh kg−1 lithium-metal battery
Authors: Zang Ying , Peng Peng , Pei Fei , Li Run-Han , Wu Lin , Lu Di-Qiu , Zhang Yi , Huang Kai , Shen Yue , Huang Yun-Hui , Lan Ya-Qian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
High-voltage lithium-metal batteries (HVLMBs) are appealing candidates for next-generation high-energy rechargeable batteries, but their practical applications are still limited by the severe capacity degradation, attributed to the poor interfacial stability and compatibility between the electrode and the electrolyte. In this work, a 2D conjugated phthalocyanine framework (CPF) containing single atoms (SAs) of cobalt (CoSAs-CPF) is developed as a novel artificial solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) in which a large amount of charge is transferred to the CPF skeleton due to the Lewis acid activity of the Co metal sites and the strong electron-absorbing property of the cyano group (−CN), greatly enhancing the adsorption of the Li+ and regulating the Li+ distribution toward dendrite-free LMBs, which are superior to most of the reported SEI membranes. As a result, the Li||Li symmetrical cell with CoSAs-CPF-modified Li anodes (CoSAs-CPF@Li) exhibits a low polarization with an area capacity of 1.0 mAh cm−2 over 3500 h. The LiFePO4 (LFP) ||CoSAs-CPF@Li (LFP: 20 mg cm−2) delivers an ultra-long cycling life of ≤1000 cycles with a high capacity retention of 98.6%. Remarkably, the high-voltage LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||Li@CoSAs-CPF (NCM811: 10 mg cm−2) demonstrates a long cycling life of &gt;800 cycles with a high capacity retention of 80%. Meanwhile, in situ ultrasonic transmission technology confirms the admirable ability of artificial CoSAs-CPF SEI to stabilize the Li-anode interface in pouch cells during cycling. Remarkably, the NCM811||Li@CoSAs-CPF pouch cell exhibits an energy density of 421 Wh kg−1 and keeps 130 cycles with a low electrolyte/capacity ratio of 2.5 g Ah−1. The strategy of constructing the CoSAs-CPF-reinforced Li anode provides a promising direction for high-energy-density HVLMBs with long cycling stability.
Real-time mapping of gapless 24-hour surface PM10 in China
Authors: Zhang Xutao , Gui Ke , Zhao Hengheng , Shang Nanxuan , Zeng Zhaoliang , Yao Wenrui , Li Lei , Zheng Yu , Zhao Hujia , Liu Yurun , Miao Yucong , Peng Yue , Fei Ye , Li Fugang , Li Baoxin , Wang Hong , Wang Zhili , Wang Yaqiang , Che Huizheng , Zhang Xiaoye 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Large-scale mapping of surface coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentration remains a key focus for air quality monitoring. Satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD)-based data fusion approaches decouple the non-linear AOD–PM10 relationship, enabling high-resolution PM10 data acquisition, but are limited by spatial incompleteness and the absence of nighttime data. Here, a gridded visibility-based real-time surface PM10 retrieval (RT-SPMR) framework for China is introduced, addressing the gap in seamless hourly PM10 data within the 24-hour cycle. This framework utilizes multisource data inputs and dynamically updated machine-learning models to produce 6.25-km gridded 24-hour PM10 data. Cross-validation showed that the RT-SPMR model's daily retrieval accuracy surpassed prior studies. Additionally, through rolling iterative validation experiments, the model exhibited strong generalization capability and stability, demonstrating its suitability for operational deployment. Taking a record-breaking dust storm as an example, the model proved effective in tracking the fine-scale evolution of the dust intrusion process, especially in under-observed areas. Consequently, the operational RT-SPMR framework provides comprehensive real-time capability for monitoring PM10 pollution in China, and has the potential to improve the accuracy of dust storm forecasting models by enhancing the PM10 initial field.
Conventional techniques and emerging nanotechnologies for early detection of cancer metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition monitoring
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wang Jing , Wuethrich Alain , Trau Matt 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process for cancer to metastasize by promoting invasiveness and dissemination of cancer cells in the body. Understanding and tracking EMT could improve cancer therapy by intervening in metastasis. Current approaches for investigating and detecting the EMT process often utilize traditional molecular biology techniques like immunohistochemistry, mass spectrometry and sequencing. These approaches have provided valuable insights into understanding signaling pathways and identifying biomarkers. Liquid biopsy analysis using advanced nanotechnologies allows the longitudinal tracking of EMT in patients to become feasible. This review article offers a molecular overview of EMT, summarizes current EMT models used in cancer research, and reviews both traditional techniques and emerging nanotechnologies employed in recent EMT studies. Additionally, we discuss the limitations and prospects of applying nanotechnologies in EMT research. By evaluating this rapidly emerging field, we propose strategies to facilitate the clinical translation of nanotechnologies for early detection and monitoring of EMT.
Tobacco Smoking in Early Adulthood and Labor Market Performance: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Viinikainen Jutta , Böckerman Petri , Hakulinen Christian , Kari Jaana T , Lehtimäki Terho , Pahkala Katja , Pehkonen Jaakko , Viikari Jorma , Raitakari Olli T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco smoking has been associated with reduced success in the labor market, potentially due to its negative impact on labor productivity, especially in physically demanding jobs, as it affects physical fitness and performance adversely.

Methods
This prospective study used data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study survey, linked to register information on labor market outcomes and education attainment, to examine the association between tobacco smoking and long-term labor market outcomes (earnings and employment, N = 1953). Smoking levels were determined by cigarette pack-years in 2001, as reported in the survey, whereas annual earnings and employment status were tracked from 2001 to 2019.

Results
A one-unit increase in pack-year of smoking was associated with a 1.8% decrease in earnings (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.6% to −0.9%) and a 0.5% reduction in years employed (95% CI: −0.6% to −0.3%). This association was pronounced among participants with lower education levels. The earnings difference was evident among younger cohorts, whereas a negative correlation with employment was observed most strongly in older cohorts among individuals with lower education.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that smoking had a negative effect on earnings among the younger generation, particularly among the less well-educated. The finding of greater impacts on years of employment among the older age group, particularly among groups with low education levels, is consistent with the delayed onset of most health impacts, which may particularly affect productivity in physically demanding jobs that are more common among people with less education.

Implications
Adverse consequences of smoking include reduced earnings and labor market participation, particularly among less well-educated groups. Tobacco control advocates should draw attention to these consequences in arguing for effective measures to reduce smoking initiation and increase cessation in order to achieve socially optimal outcomes.
Decay Rates of Maternal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Antibody Levels in Early and Moderate-to-Late Preterm and Term Infants at Birth and at Two Months
Authors: Immink Maarten M , van der Maas Nicoline A T , Bekker Mireille N , de Melker Hester E , den Hartog Gerco , Rots Nynke Y , van Gageldonk Pieter G M , Groenendaal Floris , Sanders Elisabeth A M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A post hoc analysis of maternally derived antibodies at birth and age 2 months following second trimester maternal Tdap vaccination between 20 and 24 weeks’ gestational age (GA) showed a faster decay rate of Tdap-related immunoglobulin G in early preterms born before 32 weeks’ GA compared with moderate-to-late preterms and full-terms. This is different from previous studies and merits further research.
A Rapid Host Response Blood Test for Bacterial/Viral Infection Discrimination Using a Portable Molecular Diagnostic Platform
Authors: Iglesias-Ussel Maria D , O’Grady Nicholas , Anderson Jack , Mitsis Paul G , Burke Thomas W , Henao Ricardo , Scavetta Joseph , Camilleri Clare , Naderi Sepideh , Carittini Amanda , Perelman Max , Myers Rachel A , Ginsburg Geoffrey S , Ko Emily R , McClain Micah T , van Westrienen Jesse , Tsalik Ephraim L , Tillekeratne L Gayani , Woods Christopher W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Difficulty discriminating bacterial versus viral etiologies of infection drives unwarranted antibacterial prescriptions and, therefore, antibacterial resistance.

Methods
Utilizing a rapid portable test that measures peripheral blood host gene expression to discriminate bacterial and viral etiologies of infection (the HR-B/V assay on Biomeme's polymerase chain reaction–based Franklin platform), we tested 3 cohorts of subjects with suspected infection: the HR-B/V training cohort, the HR-B/V technical correlation cohort, and a coronavirus disease 2019 cohort.

Results
The Biomeme HR-B/V test showed very good performance at discriminating bacterial and viral infections, with a bacterial model accuracy of 84.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.8%–87.5%), positive percent agreement (PPA) of 88.5% (95% CI, 81.3%–93.2%), negative percent agreement (NPA) of 83.1% (95% CI, 78.7%–86.7%), positive predictive value of 64.1% (95% CI, 56.3%–71.2%), and negative predictive value of 95.5% (95% CI, 92.4%–97.3%). The test showed excellent agreement with a previously developed BioFire HR-B/V test, with 100% (95% CI, 85.7%–100.0%) PPA and 94.9% (95% CI, 86.1%–98.3%) NPA for bacterial infection, and 100% (95% CI, 93.9%–100.0%) PPA and 100% (95% CI, 85.7%–100.0%) NPA for viral infection. Among subjects with acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection of ≤7 days, accuracy was 93.3% (95% CI, 78.7%–98.2%) for 30 outpatients and 75.9% (95% CI, 57.9%–87.8%) for 29 inpatients.

Conclusions
The Biomeme HR-B/V test is a rapid, portable test with high performance at identifying patients unlikely to have bacterial infection, offering a promising antibiotic stewardship strategy that could be deployed as a portable, laboratory-based test.
A super-giant basal cell carcinoma of the scalp
Authors: Patsouras Alexandros , Garmpis Nikolaos , Effraimidou Eleni I , Dimitroulis Dimitrios , Papoutsas Dimitrios , Psilopatis Iason , Garmpi Anna , Diamantis Evangelos , Vrettou Kleio , Dimitrios Sampaziotis , Tasioula Paraskevi Ioanna , Damaskos Christos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma is a malignant skin cancer, originating from basal cells. However, it is regarded more benign than other skin cancers, in the majority of the cases. If left untreated, it can lead to various complications, degradation of quality of life and even mortality to the patient. A basal cell carcinoma with one dimension more than 20 cm, is defined as super-giant. In this report, we present a case of a super-giant basal cell carcinoma occupying most of the scalp in an elderly patient, causing him severe anemia and general malaise.
Pulmonary thromboembolism—a rare presentation for Strongyloides hyperinfection in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Ali Mir Wasim , Rakshit Soumadip , Sarkar Atreyee , Mondal Md Karimulla , Datta Anup Kumar , Chatterjee Uttara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode. It is widely distributed in the tropics and sub-tropics of the world. It can cause a wide array of illnesses ranging from asymptomatic autoinfection to a severe form of hyperinfection and disseminated strongyloidiasis. Here we report a case of a 73-year-old patient presenting with obstructive shock with bipedal edema without any evidence of adrenal insufficiency. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed Strongyloides larva in the lumen of duodenal crypts. Stool examination and broncho-alveolar lavage revealed the presence of S. stercoralis larva. Computed tomography of pulmonary angiography revealed pulmonary thromboembolism. A long segment thrombus was also noted in the right external iliac vein on color Doppler with negative screening for malignancy on computed tomography scan. This case suggests that pulmonary thromboembolism with anemia and hypoalbuminemia could be a rare presentation of a systemic illness like Strongyloides hyperinfection in an immunocompetent patient from the tropics.
In planta ectopic expression of two subtypes of tomato cellulose synthase-like M genes affects cell wall integrity and supports a role in arabinogalactan and/or rhamnogalacturonan-I biosynthesis
Authors: Hassan Ali S , O’Donovan Lisa A , Cowley James M , Akomeah Belinda , Phillips Renee J , Pettolino Filomena , Schultz Carolyn J , Burton Rachel A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Diversification of the cellulose synthase superfamily of glycosyltransferases has provided plants with the ability to synthesize varied cell wall polysaccharides such as xyloglucan, mannans, and the mixed-linkage glucans of cereals. Surprisingly, some but not all members of the cellulose synthase-like M (CslM) gene family have recently been shown to be involved in the glycosylation of the aglycone core of a range of triterpenoid saponins. However, no cell wall activity has yet been attributed to any of the CslM gene family members. Here, evolution of the CslM gene family in eudicots is explored to better understand the differences between the two metabolically distinct classes of CslMs (CslM1 and CslM2) and the very closely related CslGs. To achieve this, a robust tBLASTn approach was developed to identify CslM1, CslM2, and CslG sequences using diagnostic peptides, suitable for complex genomes using unannotated and short-read datasets. To ascertain whether both CslM1 and CslM2 proteins have cell wall functions, in addition to the ‘saponin’ role of CslM2, tomato CslM1 and CslM2 genes were ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana by stable transformation and in the transient Nicotiana benthamiana system. Transformed plants were analysed with immunofluorescence, immunogold transmission electron microscopy, and cell wall polysaccharides were extracted for monosaccharide linkage analysis. Our results support a role for both CslM1 and CslM2 in the biosynthesis of type II arabinogalactan linkages, generating new insight into how the diverse functions of CslMs can coexist and providing clear targets for future research.
Reducing industrial pollution and interregional environmental inequality via the world's largest high-speed railway network
Authors: Liu Ziliang , Zhu Shengjun , He Canfei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Industrial pollution and the associated spatial environmental inequality increase health risks and hinder sustainable development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Large-scale public transportation infrastructure that connects developed and developing cities, exemplified by high-speed railway (HSR), has the potential to be an effective instrument. Here, we provide nationwide micro-level estimates for the overall and distributional environmental impacts of HSR in a middle-income context. Using over half-a-million emission records of industrial firms during the rapid expansion of Chinese HSR, the world's largest HSR program, we find significant reductions in firm emissions after HSR opening (by 5.11–13.80%). The contributions come via facilitating intercity element flows like (green) technologies and lowering emission intensities. At the aggregate level, the HSR-driven emission reductions account for 0.49–1.70% of the overall emissions during the study period. Last, we examine the geographical distributional impacts of HSR. Both our between-city and within-city analyses reveal that laggard areas benefit more from HSR connection, thereby contributing to inter-regional environmental equality.
Choosing explanation over performance: Insights from machine learning-based prediction of human intelligence from brain connectivity
Authors: Thiele Jonas A , Faskowitz Joshua , Sporns Olaf , Hilger Kirsten 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A growing body of research predicts individual cognitive ability levels from brain characteristics including functional brain connectivity. The majority of this research achieves statistically significant prediction performance but provides limited insight into neurobiological processes underlying the predicted concepts. The insufficient identification of predictive brain characteristics may present an important factor critically contributing to this constraint. Here, we encourage to design predictive modeling studies with an emphasis on interpretability to enhance our conceptual understanding of human cognition. As an example, we investigated in a preregistered study which functional brain connections successfully predict general, crystallized, and fluid intelligence in a sample of 806 healthy adults (replication: N = 322). The choice of the predicted intelligence component as well as the task during which connectivity was measured proved crucial for better understanding intelligence at the neural level. Further, intelligence could be predicted not solely from one specific set of brain connections, but from various combinations of connections with system-wide locations. Such partially redundant, brain-wide functional connectivity characteristics complement intelligence-relevant connectivity of brain regions proposed by established intelligence theories. In sum, our study showcases how future prediction studies on human cognition can enhance explanatory value by prioritizing a systematic evaluation of predictive brain characteristics over maximizing prediction performance.