bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric comorbidity in alcoholics treated at an institution with both coerced and voluntary admission
Authors: Sallmén B , Nilsson LH , Berglund M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryPsychiatric comorbidity in alcoholics admitted to a rehabilitation center on either a voluntary or a coerced basis were studied. A group of 104 alcoholics (37 coerced and 35 voluntarily admitted men; and 21 coerced and ten voluntarily admitted women) with a mean age (SD) of 43 ± 8 years were assessed by means of a Structural Clinical Interview in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R (SCID). The interview took place a mean of 7 days after admission. The frequencies of lifetime/current axis I psychiatric comorbidity (substance use disorders excluded) were 66 and 61%, respectively. Drug dependence was present in 41 and 39%, respectively, of the cases. Thirty-seven percent had a lifetime diagnosis, and 33% a current diagnosis of affective disorders, 27 and 23%, respectively, of anxiety disorders and 20 and 13%, respectively, of non-organic psychotic disorders. In a subsample of 20 subjects, depressive symptoms were found to be stable during the course of treatment. No differences in frequency of psychiatric comorbidity were found between coerced and voluntarily admitted patients (67 and 56%, respectively) or between men and women (65 and 52%, respectively). The combination of psychiatric comorbidity and drug dependence was overrepresented among the coerced patients (50 vs 16%). It was concluded that the frequencies of psychiatric comorbidity were high in the present group. The co-occurrence of alcohol dependence, drug dependence and psychiatric comorbidity was more frequent among subjects who were coercively treated.
Searching for a predictive peripherical biological model in parasuicidal behaviour
Authors: Sáiz PA , Bobes J , González MP , Cocaña I , González-Quiros P , Bousoño M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe aim of this study was to identify possible peripheral biological markers (both lipidic and hormonal) which can be easily used for the early detection of parasuicidal behaviour and to propose a predictive biological model of such behaviour. A case-control analytical study was undertaken at least 3 months after attempted suicide. Study was made of 128 patients who presented at the University General Hospital of Oviedo (Spain) with signs of self-intoxication. Lipidic and hormonal profiles were measured under basal conditions and comparison was made with a control group of healthy volunteer donors obtained from the Oviedo General Hospital blood bank. A discriminant analysis was later made with the aim of establishing a predictive biological model. This included the following variables: cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and cortisol. Sensitivity and specificity were 62.5% and 65.6%, respectively. Replication and improvement of this model, through other prospective studies, could lead to the use of serum cholesterol and cortisol levels as inexpensive and readily available markers of suicide risk.
Legal protection in psychiatry: balancing the rights and needs of patients and society
Authors: Legemaate J 
Published: July 2002

SummaryAttention to the legal position of psychiatric patients has greatly increased during the last 25 years. The criteria for a civil commitment have been tightened and procedural guarantees have increased. In many countries major changes and improvements in the area of mental health law took place. In this paper the main developments are discussed. Attention is given to the legal protection in case of civil commitment, to the legal position of the involuntarily admitted patient during his stay in hospital and to the relationship between patients' rights and the availability of mental health care. Furthermore the impact of legal intentions to the field of psychiatry is discussed. It is argued that legal interventions should be closely monitored, in order to prevent negative consequences. Legal interventions may be necessary, but this instrument should be used with great caution.
Generation of simulated earthquake motions considering actual earthquake phase and multiple target response spectra
Authors: Suzuki Takuya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSimulated earthquake motions whose response spectrums meet the multi‐target response spectrums are often used while designing earthquake resistant nuclear power plant facilities. Therefore, it is advantageous to utilize simulated ground motions with phase characteristics of actual earthquake ground motions in the design of nuclear power plant facilities. Several methods exist for the generation of these motions. However, these methods cannot strictly maintain phase properties of the simulated earthquake motions. A method to generate simulated earthquake motions that meets both the multi‐target response spectrum and phase property requirements does not exist. This study proposes a novel method for the generation of simulated earthquake motions considering actual earthquake phase properties and multiple target response spectra. This method is equivalent to the modal iterative error correction method, which is effective for solving inverse problems with strong discontinuities. Therefore, this study proposes an improvement of this method for spectral fitting. The outline and details of the method are described and the results of experiments performed to validate the accuracy of the method are presented.
Impact of Limited Health Literacy on Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Katz Patricia , Dall’Era Maria , Trupin Laura , Rush Stephanie , Murphy Louise B. , Lanata Cristina , Criswell Lindsey A. , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveHealth disparities in patient‐reported outcomes by income and education are well documented; however, the impact of health literacy on patient‐reported outcomes has received less attention. We examined independent effects of income, education, and health literacy on patient‐reported outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsData from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study (n = 323 participants) were used. Health literacy was assessed with a validated 3‐item measure (ability to understand written information, reliance on others to understand written information, confidence in completing written forms). Patient‐reported outcomes were administered by interview in English, Spanish, Cantonese, or Mandarin. Generic and disease‐specific patient‐reported outcomes were examined using the following: 10 Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short forms; the 8 Short Form 36 (SF‐36) health survey subscales; and 3 patient‐reported SLE disease activity and damage measures. We conducted 2 sets of multivariable analyses: the first examined education, income, or health literacy individually; the second included all 3 simultaneously. All multivariable models included age, sex, race/ethnicity, language, disease duration, and physician‐assessed disease activity and damage.ResultsMore than one‐third of participants (38%) had limited health literacy (LHL), including >25% with greater than high school education. In multivariable analyses simultaneously considering education, income, and health literacy, LHL was associated with significantly worse scores on all patient‐reported outcomes except disease damage. In contrast, disparities by income were seen in only 3 PROMIS scales, 3 SF‐36 subscales, and 1 disease activity measure. No disparities by education level were noted.ConclusionWe found significantly worse patient‐reported outcome scores among individuals with LHL, even after controlling for disease activity and damage. Whether disparities are due to actual differences in health or measurement issues requires further study.
Relationship Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Knee Pain Over Six Years in Knees Without Radiographic Osteoarthritis at Baseline
Authors: Magnusson Karin , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Kumm Jaanika , Zhang Fan , Englund Martin 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo explore whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features suggestive of knee osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with presence of knee pain in possible early‐stage OA development.MethodsWe included 294 participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (mean ± SD age 50 ± 3 years; 50% women) with baseline Kellgren/Lawrence grade of 0 in both knees, all of whom had received knee MRIs at 4 different time points over 6 years (baseline, 24, 48, and 72 months). Using a linear mixed model (knees matched within individuals), we studied whether MRI features (meniscal body extrusion [in mm], cartilage area loss [score 0–39], cartilage full thickness loss [range 0–16], osteophytes [range 0–29], meniscal integrity [range 0–10], bone marrow lesions [BMLs] including bone marrow cysts [range 0–20], Hoffa‐ or effusion‐synovitis [absent/present], and popliteal cysts [absent/present]) were associated with knee‐specific pain as reported on the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire using a 0–100 scale (worst to best).ResultsThe differences in KOOS knee pain score for a knee with a 1 unit higher score on MRI were the following: meniscal extrusion –1.52 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] –2.35, –0.69); cartilage area loss –0.23 (95% CI –0.48, 0.02); cartilage full thickness loss –1.04 (95% CI –1.58, –0.50); osteophytes –0.32 (95% CI –0.61, –0.03); meniscal integrity –0.28 (95% CI –0.58, 0.02); BMLs including potential cysts –0.19 (95% CI –0.55, 0.16); synovitis 0.23 (95% CI –1.14, 1.60); and popliteal cysts 0.86 (95% CI –0.56, 2.29).ConclusionMeniscal extrusion, full thickness cartilage loss, and osteophytes are associated with having more knee pain. Although these features may be relevant targets for future trials, the clinical relevance of our findings is unclear because no feature was associated with a clinically important difference in knee pain.
Access and Cost‐Related Nonadherence to Prescription Medications Among Lupus Patients and Controls: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Program
Authors: Minhas Deeba , Marder Wendy , Harlow Sioban , Hassett Afton L. , Zick Suzanna M. , Gordon Caroline , Barbour Kamil E. , Helmick Charles G. , Wang Lu , Lee Jiha , Padda Amrita , McCune W. Joseph , Somers Emily C. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveMedication access and adherence are important determinants of health outcomes. We investigated factors associated with access and cost‐related nonadherence to prescriptions in a population‐based cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and controls.MethodsDetailed sociodemographic and prescription data were collected by structured interview in 2014–2015 from participants in the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance (MILES) cohort. We compared access between cases and frequency‐matched controls and examined associated factors in separate multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 654 participants (462 SLE patients, 192 controls) completed the baseline visit; 584 (89%) were female, 285 (44%) were Black, and the mean age was 53 years. SLE patients and controls reported similar frequencies of being unable to access prescribed medications (12.1% versus 9.4%, respectively; P was not significant). SLE patients were twice as likely as controls to report cost‐related prescription nonadherence in the preceding 12 months to save money (21.7% versus 10.4%; P = 0.001) but were also more likely to ask their doctor for lower cost alternatives (23.8% versus 15.6%; P = 0.02). Disparities were found in association with income, race, and health insurance status, but the main findings persisted after adjusting for these and other variables in multivariable models.ConclusionSLE patients were more likely than controls from the general population to report cost‐related prescription nonadherence, including skipping doses, taking less medicine, and delaying filling prescriptions; yet, <1 in 4 patients asked providers for lower cost medications. Consideration of medication costs in patient decision‐making could provide a meaningful avenue for improving access and adherence to medications.
Patient Perspective on Using Digital Resources to Address Unmet Needs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ra Jennifer H. , Leung Jerik , Baker Elizabeth A. , Kim Alfred H. J. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe clinical variability of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) caused by the unpredictability of flares contributes to patients experiencing a diminished sense of social support. Digital health interventions (DHIs) have the potential to improve patients’ social support but have yet to be studied extensively in SLE. Our objective was to assess general and SLE‐specific internet usage as well as specific suggestions for SLE‐related digital resources and tools among patients with SLE at the Washington University Lupus Clinic.MethodsFifty‐six participants were recruited from the Washington University Lupus Clinic. Ten‐minute structured interviews consisting of multiple choice and open‐ended questions were conducted. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted with the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were analyzed using an open coding approach.ResultsNearly all respondents indicated having access to the internet (98.2%). Eighty percent currently use the internet for their SLE. The qualitative data indicate that patients with SLE use the internet for understanding flares and changes in their symptoms and/or laboratory results, want an increased variety of SLE information online, have a desire to exchange personal experiences and knowledge of SLE with others, and desire increased diversity in the methods of delivering digital SLE information.ConclusionOur findings support the continued use of DHIs for patients with SLE. We believe that these findings will aid the future development of DHIs tailored to patients with SLE.
Vertically Aligned Nanopatterns of Amine‐Functionalized Ti3C2 MXene via Soft Lithography
Authors: Song Tae‐Eun , Yun Hwajin , Kim Yong‐Jae , Jeon Ho Seung , Ha Kyungryul , Jung Hee‐Tae , Han Hee , Gogotsi Yury , Ahn Chi Won , Lee Yonghee 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThin films of well‐stacked two‐dimensional MXene flakes have been used in various applications, especially in sensors and microscale energy storage devices, such as micro‐supercapacitors. Miniaturization and integration of devices, as well as maximization of device performance require nanoscale patterning of MXene, beyond what can be achieved using inkjet or screen printing. However, nanoscale patterning technology for MXene is yet to be developed. In the present work, a simple fabrication method is demonstrated for manufacturing Ti3C2Tx MXene films with vertically aligned nanopatterns via soft lithography. This process involves polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamping with line‐patterned PDMS molds. The feature size of the vertical line patterning of MXene is controlled with the nanometers accuracy by swelling of the PDMS mold by toluene, which also guides vertical alignment of MXene flakes. As a result, vertically aligned MXene nanopatterns are fabricated with a width of ridges less than 200 nm and 2‐µm regular spacing between the ridges. The oleylamine‐functionalized MXene flakes are also developed for better dispersion in toluene, providing a general protocol to fabricate MXene dispersions in nonpolar solvents.
Rising Temperature May Trigger Deep Soil Carbon Loss Across Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Li Jinquan , Pei Junmin , Pendall Elise , Reich Peter B. , Noh Nam Jin , Li Bo , Fang Changming , Nie Ming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSignificantly more carbon (C) is stored in deep soil than in shallow horizons, yet how the decomposition of deep soil organic C (SOC) will respond to rising temperature remains unexplored on large scales, leading to considerable uncertainties to predictions of the magnitude and direction of C‐cycle feedbacks to climate change. Herein, short‐term temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition (expressed as Q10) from six depths within the top 1 m soil from 90 upland forest sites (540 soil samples) across China is reported. Results show that Q10 significantly increases with soil depth, suggesting that deep SOC is more vulnerable to loss with rising temperature in comparison to shallow SOC. Climate is the primary regulator of shallow soil Q10 but its relative influence declines with depth; in contrast, soil C quality has a minor influence on Q10 in shallow soil but increases its influence with depth. When considering the depth‐dependent Q10 variations, results further show that using the thermal response of shallow soil layer for the whole soil profile, as is usually done in model predictions, would significantly underestimate soil C‐climate feedbacks. The results highlight that Earth system models need to consider multilayer soil C dynamics and their controls to improve prediction accuracy.
Degradation of MO and H2O2 on Cu/γ‐Al2O3 pellets in a fixed bed reactor: Kinetics and transport characteristics
Authors: Ding Doudou , Tian Pengfei , Cao Chenxi , Sun Yang , Xu Jing , Han Yi‐Fan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPelletized Cu catalysts (Cu/γ‐Al2O3) with different diameters (dp = 1.1–4.2 mm) were prepared and examined kinetically for methyl orange (MO) degradation using a fixed bed reactor. A Cu/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst (dp = 2.3 mm) exhibited high degradation activity (Conv.MO > 95%) and superior leaching resistance (Cu leaching <0.6 mg/L in 200 hr). Apparent kinetics showed that both MO degradation and H2O2 decomposition were mainly controlled by internal mass transfer. A plug‐flow reactor model with mass‐transfer coefficients was developed, and a modified empirical correlation for external mass transfer (Sh = 1.5Re'1.10Sc0.42) was proposed to accurately describe the species transport from/to the catalyst pellets in the low Reynolds number regime. The model was verified against conversions of pollutants degradation and H2O2 decomposition separately in a fixed bed with relative errors <5% compared with experimental data; thus, it could be used as an effective tool for further design and optimization of reactor configuration and reaction conditions for the continuous catalytic wet peroxide oxidation process.
Pulmonary Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Low‐Dose Methotrexate in the Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial
Authors: Sparks Jeffrey A. , Dellaripa Paul F. , Glynn Robert J. , Paynter Nina P. , Xu Chang , Ridker Paul M. , Solomon Daniel H. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveWe previously reported that low‐dose methotrexate (MTX) was associated with an increased risk of pulmonary adverse events (AEs) in a large randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. Herein, we report details on the predictors and severity of pulmonary AEs.MethodsWe conducted a prespecified analysis of pulmonary AEs in the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial. Adults with known cardiovascular disease and diabetes/metabolic syndrome were randomly allocated to receive low‐dose MTX (target dose 15–20 mg/week) or placebo after a 6–8‐week open‐label run‐in phase in which all patients received low‐dose MTX. Individuals with systemic inflammatory diseases were excluded. Pulmonary AEs were adjudicated in a blinded manner. We described severe pulmonary AEs and examined associations of baseline characteristics with pulmonary AEs in patients receiving low‐dose MTX.ResultsA total of 2,391 subjects were randomized to receive low‐dose MTX and 2,395 to receive placebo. There were 13 severe pulmonary AEs (0.5%) and 7 cases of possible pneumonitis (0.3%) in the low‐dose MTX group, compared to 8 (0.3%) and 1 (<0.1%), respectively, in the placebo group. Among those randomized to receive low‐dose MTX, risk factors for any pulmonary AE included female sex (hazard ratio [HR] 1.69 versus male sex [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.16–2.45]), white race (HR 2.35 versus other race [95% CI 1.03–5.36]), and insulin use (HR 1.60 versus non‐use [95% CI 1.11–2.30]). The only risk factor for severe pulmonary AEs was older age at baseline (HR 1.09 per year increase [95% CI 1.02–1.16]).ConclusionIn this large placebo‐controlled trial, pulmonary AEs, including possible pneumonitis, were uncommon but were more likely to occur in those randomized to receive low‐dose MTX. White race, older age, male sex, and insulin use were associated with an increased risk of pulmonary AEs in those receiving low‐dose MTX.
Zero‐Dimensional Hybrid Cd‐Based Perovskites with Broadband Bluish White‐Light Emissions
Authors: Sun Chen , He Wen‐Li , Liu Mei‐Jun , Pan Wen‐Jing , Dong Lin‐Feng , Chen Guang , Liu Guo‐Dong , Lei Xiao‐Wu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, low‐dimensional organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites acting as single‐component white‐light emitting materials have attracted extensive attention, but most studies concentrate on hybrid lead perovskites. Herein, we present two isomorphic zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid cadmium perovskites, (HMEDA)CdX4 (HMEDA=hexamethylenediamine, X=Cl (1), Br (2)), which contain isolated [CdX4]2− anions separated by [HMEDA]2+ cations. Under UV light excitation, both compounds display broadband bluish white‐light emission (515 nm for 1 and 445 nm for 2) covering the entire visible light spectrum with sufficient photophysical stabilities. Remarkably, compound 2 shows a high color rendering index (CRI) of 83 enabling it as a promising candidate for single‐component WLED applications. Based on the temperature‐dependent, powder‐dependent and time‐resolved PL measurements as well as other detailed studies, the broadband light emissions are attributed to self‐trapped excitons stemming from the strong electron‐phonon coupling.
Combined genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the dibutyl phthalate metabolic pathway in Arthrobacter sp. ZJUTW
Authors: Liu Tengfei , Li Jun , Qiu Lequan , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J. , Zhong Weihong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDibutyl phthalate (DBP) is an environmental pollutant that can threaten human health. The strain Arthrobacter sp. ZJUTW, isolated from the sludge of a river of Hangzhou, can efficiently degrade DBP. Its genomic and transcriptomic differences when cultivated with DBP compared with glucose revealed specific DBP metabolic pathways in the ZJUTW strain. The degrading gene clusters localize separately on a circular chromosome and a plasmid pQL1. Genes related to the initial steps of DBP degradation from DBP to phthalic acid (PA), the pehA gene, and pht gene cluster, are located on the plasmid pQL1. However, the pca gene cluster related to the transforming of intermediate protocatechuic acid (PCA) to acetyl‐CoA, is located on the chromosome. After comparative analysis with the reported gene clusters, we found that there were a series of homologous genes in pht and pca gene clusters that contribute to the efficient degradation of DBP by ZJUTW. In addition, transcriptomic analysis suggested a synergistic effect between pht and pca clusters, which also favor ZJUTW allowing it to efficiently degrade DBP. Combined genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed a complete DBP metabolic pathway in Arthrobacter sp. ZJUTW that is different from that of other reported Arthrobacter strains. After necessary modification based on its metabolic characteristics, Arthrobacter sp. ZJUTW or its derivatives might represent promising candidates for the bioremediation of DBP pollution.