bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Clinically unnecessary’ use of emergency and urgent care: A realist review of patients' decision making
Authors: O'Cathain Alicia , Connell Janice , Long Jaqui , Coster Joanne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDemand is labelled ‘clinically unnecessary’ when patients do not need the levels of clinical care or urgency provided by the service they contact.ObjectiveTo identify programme theories which seek to explain why patients make use of emergency and urgent care that is subsequently judged as clinically unnecessary.DesignRealist review.MethodsPapers from four recent systematic reviews of demand for emergency and urgent care, and an updated search to January 2017. Programme theories developed using Context‐Mechanism‐Outcome chains identified from 32 qualitative studies and tested by exploring their relationship with existing health behaviour theories and 29 quantitative studies.ResultsSix mechanisms, based on ten interrelated programme theories, explained why patients made clinically unnecessary use of emergency and urgent care: (a) need for risk minimization, for example heightened anxiety due to previous experiences of traumatic events; (b) need for speed, for example caused by need to function normally to attend to responsibilities; (c) need for low treatment‐seeking burden, caused by inability to cope due to complex or stressful lives; (d) compliance, because family or health services had advised such action; (e) consumer satisfaction, because emergency departments were perceived to offer the desired tests and expertise when contrasted with primary care; and (f) frustration, where patients had attempted and failed to obtain a general practitioner appointment in the desired timeframe. Multiple mechanisms could operate for an individual.ConclusionsRather than only focusing on individuals' behaviour, interventions could include changes to health service configuration and accessibility, and societal changes to increase coping ability.
Individual–resource networks reveal distinct fruit preferences of selective individuals from a generalist population of the Helmeted Manakin
Authors: Pires Luís Paulo , de Melo Celine 
Published: October 2019

Ecological studies traditionally assume that generalist populations are homogeneous in the use of food resources, but empirical evidence supports that intraspecific differences in morphology, physiology and behaviour affect foraging decisions and promote diet variation among individuals. Furthermore, the temporal availability of resources may shape the dynamics of population trophic niche, which ultimately depends on individual niches. In this study, we investigated the seasonal changes in individual‐based networks between the Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata, a generalist frugivorous bird, and fruiting plants, following theoretical models of interindividual diet variation based on the Optimal Diet Theory. Selective individuals were the majority of the generalist population of the Helmeted Manakin. Our results suggest that the structure of the individual‐resource networks varied seasonally. We found that modularity was higher than expected by chance in the wet season, when fruit availability was also higher. In the dry season, modules disappeared and the network became more nested. These findings are consistent with the Distinct Preference Model of diet variation. We suggest that downscaling ecological networks to the individual level may reveal emergent properties that, albeit existent, are not evident in species–resources networks.
The extra domain A of fibronectin facilitates osteoclastogenesis in radicular cysts through vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Yang J. W. , Jiang J. H. , Wang H. C. , Li C. Y. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo analyse the effects of the alternatively spliced fibronectin (FN) gene and its isoforms on osteoclastogenesis in radicular cysts.MethodologySpecimens of radicular cysts were collected surgically from 22 patients whose radiolucent periapical areas were measured on digital panoramic radiographs before surgery. The associations between the radiolucent areas and FN isoforms, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression or micro‐vessel density, as well as the relationships amongst them, were analysed by immunohistochemical staining using the antibodies IST‐9, BC‐1, P1F11, VEGF and CD34. Fibroblasts isolated from those specimens were used to induce Trap + MNCs, and the effects of induction were assessed by blocking FN containing extra domain A (EDA + FN), COX‐2 or VEGF in vitro. The effects of EDA exon knockout using CRISPR/Cas system were also assessed. Quantitative PCR was used to analyse relative expression of FN isoforms and osteoclastogenic genes. Data were analysed using linear regression, Spearman's rank correlation analysis, chi‐square test and Student's t‐test; P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsMicro‐vessel density and EDA + FN staining were positively associated with the size of radiolucent periapical areas (mm2; P < 0.05), consistent with a positive association between Trap + MNCs and VEGF expression in fibroblasts (P < 0.05). Blocking the interaction between EDA + FN and fibroblasts inhibited Trap + MNC formation. In addition, EDA exon knockout decreased VEGF expression and inhibited Trap + MNC formation to the extent of blocking VEGF by bevacizumab, but osteoclastogenic induction was restored by recombinant VEGF. Using retrospective clinicopathological data, VEGF staining was shown to be positively associated with EDA + FN staining, micro‐vessel density and the size of radiolucent areas (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn fibrous capsules of radicular cysts, the alternatively spliced isoform EDA + FN generated by fibroblasts stimulated VEGF expression via an autocrine effect and then facilitated osteoclastogenesis. Both blockage of VEGF and EDA exon knockout could be used to inhibit bone destruction.
Reactions and emissivity of cerium oxide with phosphate binder coating on basic refractory brick
Authors: Juthapakdeeprasert Jindaporn , Gavalda Diaz Oriol , Lerdprom Wirat , De Sousa Meneses Domingos , Jayaseelan Doni D. , Lee William E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh emissivity coatings which aim to help the cement industry reduce heat loss in its production process have been developed with different CeO2 and AlH6O12P3 ratios (1:3, 1:5, and 1:12 by volume). The coating slurries were shear thinning and after heat treatment in air at 1300°C, 1°C/min, dwell 3 hours, XRD revealed that CePO4 forms more easily as the Ce/P ratio decreases. The composition with a 1:5 ratio of CeO2:AlH6O12P3 was gun sprayed on basic refractory bricks, then heat treated under the same conditions as the slurries. SEM, (S)TEM and EDX were used to study thickness, microstructure, and chemical composition of the coatings which revealed that the coating was composed of pores, CeO2 grains, CePO4 grains, and M‐P‐O glass. SEM images show that CePO4 was nucleated from a reaction between CeO2 and AlH6O12P3. Consequently, CePO4 grains (~2 µm diameter) were smaller than CeO2 (~10 µm diameter). The emissivities of un‐coated and coated basic refractory bricks were measured at 1100 and 1300°C over the wave number range of 700‐12 000 cm−1. At both temperatures, the emissivity of the coated bricks was higher than the uncoated bricks and the emissivity was measured to be higher at a higher temperature for both samples. The coated bricks gave the highest emissivity of 0.81 from 1050 to 11 000 cm−1 which is about twice the un‐coated bricks for the same conditions. This demonstrates that the developed high emissivity coating has potential to be used with basic refractory brick.
Solving nonconvex nonlinear programs with reverse convex constraints by sequential linear programming
Authors: Drezner Zvi , Kalczynski Pawel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe sequential linear programming (SLP) method for solving nonlinear problems was introduced in the 1960s. Many papers that attempted to use SLP reported poor performance and convergence issues. We found that nonlinear programs with reverse convex constraints, which are the most difficult nonlinear programs with many local optima, are solved (heuristically) very well by SLP. We proved that for this type of problems, the solutions to the sequence of the linear programming problems converge to a local optimum. Since the final solution depends on the starting solution, we propose to apply SLP in a multistart approach starting from randomly generated solutions. This multistart SLP is very easy to implement. We recommend that the research community reconsiders the application of SLP for this type of problems.
Low‐temperature Maxwell‐Wagner relaxation in (Na + Nb) co‐doped rutile TiO2 colossal permittivity ceramics
Authors: Wang Chunchang , Li Tianyu , Xie Yuanmiao , Wang Jin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe exact mechanism of the stunning colossal permittivity behavior found in (donor‐acceptor) co‐doped TiO2 system still remains enigmatic. This behavior results from a thermally activated dielectric relaxation occurring below 50 K. Herein, thermally stimulated depolarization current analysis combined with dielectric investigation was used to disentangle this relaxation in (Na + Nb) co‐doped TiO2 ceramics. We find that this relaxation is related to frozen electrons and features the Vogel‐Fulcher behavior and negative dielectric tunability. Our results reveal that this low‐temperature relaxation is a new kind of Maxwell‐Wagner relaxation. Differences between the low‐temperature Maxwell‐Wagner relaxation and its high‐temperature counterpart are discussed. This study provides new insights into the physics of the eye‐catching dielectric properties in co‐doped TiO2 system.
3D printing of high‐purity silicon carbide
Authors: Terrani Kurt , Jolly Brian , Trammell Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA method for advanced manufacturing of silicon carbide offering complete freedom in geometric complexity in the three‐dimensional space is described. The method combines binder jet printing and chemical vapor infiltration in a process capable of yielding a high‐purity, fully crystalline ceramic—attributes essential for ideal performance in very high‐temperature applications or in the presence of displacement damage. Thermal conductivity and characteristic equibiaxial flexural strength of the resulting monolithic SiC at room temperature are 37 W·(m·K)−1 and 297 MPa, respectively.
STRIDE BP international initiative for accurate blood pressure measurement: Systematic review of published validation studies of blood pressure measuring devices
Authors: Stergiou George S. , O'Brien Eoin , Myers Martin , Palatini Paolo , Parati Gianfranco , Kollias Anastasios , Birmpas Dimos , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos , Bountzona Ioanna , Stambolliu Emelina , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Karpettas Nikos , Menti Ariadni ,   the STRIDE BP Scientific Advisory Board
Published: October 2019

AbstractBlood pressure (BP) is a vital sign, and its measurement is essential for diagnosing and treating hypertension. The accuracy of BP monitors is therefore essential, but unfortunately very few devices available on the market have been validated using an established protocol. STRIDE BP (www.stridebp.org) is an international nonprofit organization with the mission to improve the accuracy of BP measurement and the diagnosis of hypertension. It has a prestigious Scientific Advisory Board and operates in affiliation with the European Society of Hypertension, the International Society of Hypertension, and the World Hypertension League. STRIDE BP provides lists of accurate office, ambulatory, and home BP monitors. STRIDE BP performed a systematic review of 419 published validations (270 articles and 260 devices). In these publications, 50 (12%) of the validations were rejected compared with 129 (31%) rejected by STRIDE BP (P < .001). Of 79 validations approved in publications but rejected by STRIDE BP, 7 (9%) were rejected due to device inaccuracy and 72 (91%) due to inadequate study quality (execution, analysis, and reporting). Errors in conducting and reporting published validations must be avoided. Peer review must ascertain that a comprehensive checklist of all aspects of a validation study have been adhered to. The implementation of a Universal Standard for device validation and the global dissemination of information on accurate devices by STRIDE BP are expected to improve the quality and accuracy of BP measurement, which should have a positive impact on the diagnosis and management of hypertension globally.
Clinical evaluation of chairside‐fabricated partial crowns composed of zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate ceramics: 3‐year results of a prospective practice‐based study
Authors: Rinke Sven , Pfitzenreuter Theresia , Leha Andreas , Roediger Matthias , Ziebolz Dirk 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesProspective practice‐based clinical evaluation of chairside fabricated monolithic partial crowns composed of zirconia‐containing lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic material.Materials and MethodsBetween October 2013 and September 2014, 71 patients were restored with 92 partial crowns on vital or sufficiently endodontically treated teeth. The monolithic restorations were fabricated chairside (Cerec SW 4.2/Cerec MC XL) from a glaze‐fired ZLS ceramic material (Celtra Duo, Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany). Adhesive cementation was performed using the total‐etch technique with one of two dual‐curing composite materials. Modified United States Public Health Service parameters were evaluated annually; moreover, the parameters “time‐dependent survival” (in situ criterion) and “success rates” (event‐free restorations) were evaluated according to Kaplan‐Meier analysis.ResultsSixty‐nine patients with 17 premolar and 71 molar partial crowns attended annual follow‐up examinations (observational period: 36.0 ± 5.7 months). Two complete failures were recorded and were caused by a tooth fracture (at 30 months) and a restoration fracture (at 38 months), (3‐year survival rate: 99%; 95% confidence interval (CI 95%): [0.97;1]). One clinical intervention was necessary (endodontic treatment) to maintain function (3‐year success rate: 98%; (CI95%: [0.95:1]).ConclusionsChairside‐fabricated ZLS partial crowns show a good initial clinical performance. However, to further evaluate this new material, clinical data from studies with longer observational periods are required.Clinical SignificanceBased on this mid‐term evaluation, ZLS ceramics appear to be a promising alternative material for the chairside fabrication of adhesively luted monolithic posterior restorations with a low risk of material‐related complications.
Efficacy of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tang Xiaoqiong , Li Changchang , Ge Shuqi , Chen Zhiwei , Lu Liming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as the effective new method to treat acne vulgaris. However, no meta‐analysis has been published on PDT for acne vulgaris currently.ObjectiveThe current meta‐analysis and systematic review were carried out to assess the safety and effect of PDT on treating acne vulgaris.MethodsThe electronic databases, including EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE, were systemically retrieved to identify relevant articles for meta‐analysis. The primary outcome included mean percentage reduction in the inflammatory lesion count (MPRILC), while the secondary outcome included the total effective response (TER).ResultsAltogether 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 701 subjects had been enrolled into the current meta‐analysis. PDT had certain effect on acne vulgaris in terms of the outcomes of MPRILC (MD: 15.97, 95% CI: 11.93 to 20.00, P < .00001) and TER (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.38‐1.74, P < .00001). Totally, 6 articles had been evaluated to have a low bias risk overall. Results of sensitivity and subgroup analyses were similar to meta‐analysis results, reflecting the result reliability in this meta‐analysis.ConclusionsPDT is beneficial for improving the clinical efficacy of inflammatory acne vulgaris, which can be widely used to treat inflammatory acne vulgaris in clinic.
Periauricular wrinkles removed with voltaic arc dermabrasion (Atmospheric Plasma technique)
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Carinci Francesco , Festa Felice , Candotto Valentina , Amore Roberto , Lorusso Felice 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn recent literature, different approaches have been proposed to improve the long‐lasting treatment of age‐related alterations on the human face with decreased invasiveness and side effects such as scar tissue. Voltaic arc dermabrasion is a minimally painful procedure that does not create discomfort to the patient and requires no anaesthesia.AimsThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the voltaic arc technique for the treatment of skin wrinkles in the periauricular area.MethodsA total of 80 patients were treated in this study, 56 females and 24 males. The population was visited at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months postoperative follow‐ups to evaluate the healing of the treated regions.ResultsAll subjects showed evidence of tissue contraction related to the skin of the periauricular region with a cosmetic reduction of wrinkles in the treated area. No scars, complications, or pigmentary alterations were reported. At 1 month, all treated areas showed complete healing.ConclusionsThe voltaic arc dermabrasion can be considered a useful tool for a noninvasive treatment of wrinkles related to the periauricular skin, with no discomfort for the patient or complications related to the procedure.
Long non‐coding RNA BANCR promotes proliferation and migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma via MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Yao Chun , Kong Fanzhi , Zhang Senlin , Wang Guihua , She Peng , Zhang Qingqing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the biological role and function of BRAF‐activated long non‐coding RNA (BANCR) in OSCC remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that the expression of BANCR was upregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared to the negative control. The decreased expression of BANCR in vitro markedly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while the opposite was observed for the overexpression of BANCR. The results also showed that the expression of MAPK signaling–related proteins (p‐erk, p‐akt, and p‐p‐38) was positively correlated with that of BANCR. Thus, BANCR may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of OSCC, as well as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC, and it may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor in OSCC patients.
Exploring Malaysian mothers' plans on sleeping arrangement with their newborn
Authors: Chang Chee‐Tao , Shunmugam Pavithrah , Abdul Aziz Noor Azmatulakma , Abdul Razak Noor Shahizan , Johari Nurhidayatun , Mohamad Norazra , Ghazali Roswati , Rajagam Haymalatha , Hss Amar‐Singh 
Published: October 2019

AimBed sharing is defined as a newborn sleeping in the same bed with an adult. Bed sharing may put the newborn at risk of suffocation due to accidental smothering.MethodsThis was a quasi‐experimental study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital. Healthy post‐delivery Malaysian mothers were randomly selected and enrolled into the control or the intervention group. On the day of discharge, mothers in the intervention group were interviewed face‐to‐face in the post‐natal ward on their plans for sleeping arrangement with their newborn. After the interview, mothers were advised not to bed share with their newborn and were given an educational leaflet on safe sleeping practices. One week after discharge, mothers in both groups were interviewed over the telephone regarding their actual sleeping arrangements with their newborn using the same questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with reduced bed sharing.ResultsA total of 94 mothers and 95 mothers were recruited to the control and intervention group, respectively. The baseline bed‐sharing prevalence was similar between groups: 60.6% in the control group and 61.1% in the interventional group. The proportion of mothers who bed shared with their newborn reduced from 61.1 to 37.9% after the intervention (P < 0.001). Most mothers in the control group opted for bed sharing to ease breastfeeding (68.4%). Mothers in the control group had a 5.9 times higher odds of bed sharing.ConclusionsIn this study, the majority of mothers practiced bed sharing at baseline. A significant proportion of mothers changed their sleeping practices after receiving the intervention in the form of an information leaflet.
Comparing interferon‐free with interferon‐based regimens in HCV patients: Rogers phenomenon and Simpson’s paradox
Authors: Carrat Fabrice , Nahon Pierre , Fontaine Hélène , Pol Stanislas , Hejblum Gilles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractComparisons of time‐to‐event clinical outcomes between patients with or without a sustained virological response (SVR) after treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection have been repeatedly reported in emphasizing the potential clinical impact of treatment. Combining recently published data from different therapeutic eras with simple examples, we show that comparisons of incidence rates by SVR status between patients treated with interferon‐based and interferon‐free regimens are flawed through confounding by prognosis. The relevant analysis for evaluating and comparing the clinical impact of these regimens should be a comparison between randomized treatment groups, irrespective of the SVR status.
Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease in a dog
Authors: Colopy Lydia J. , Shiu Kai‐Biu , Snyder Laura A. , Avery Anne C. , Rout Emily D. , Moore A R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD), which affects many organ systems, has been recognized as a distinct clinical entity in human medicine for just over a decade but has not been previously identified in dogs. In humans, IgG4‐RD is characterized by diffuse IgG4‐positive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates that commonly lead to increased serum concentrations of IgG4 and IgE, peripheral eosinophilia, tumorous swellings that often include the parotid salivary glands, obliterative phlebitis, and extensive fibrosis. Herein we describe the diagnosis, clinical progression, and successful treatment of IgG4‐RD in an 8‐year‐old female spayed Husky mixed breed dog. Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with vague clinical signs, lymphoplasmacytic swellings, restricted polyclonal gammopathy, eosinophilia or some combination of these findings.