bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Levels of Intestinal Neuropeptides and Neurotrophins in Neurotoxin-Induced Parkinson Disease Mouse Models
Authors: Choi Jin Gyu , Jeong Miran , Joo Boh Rah , Ahn Ji-Hye , Woo Jeong-Hwa , Kim Dong-Hyun , Oh Myung Sook , Choi Jung-Hye 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Intestinal neuropeptides and neurotrophins as endocrine messengers play a key role in the bidirectional gut-brain interaction both in health and disease status. Their alterations in several neurological disorders have been reported, but whether a remarkable change occurs in Parkinson disease (PD) remains unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of 13 neuropeptides and 4 neurotrophins in the intestine of neurotoxin-induced PD mice. The PD mice were obtained by chronic injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or MPTP/probenecid (MPTP/p). The levels of mRNA and protein expression in mouse intestines were measured by using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. We found that the mRNA expression of 2 neuropeptides (cholecystokinin [CCK] and dynorphin A [Dyn A]) and 2 neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF] and neurotrophin-5) was significantly decreased in the colon of MPTP group compared to the vehicle-treated group. The protein levels of CCK, Dyn A, and BDNF were reduced in the colon of MPTP- or MPTP/p-treated mice compared to those of the vehicle-treated group. These data suggest that the intestinal expression of CCK, Dyn A, and BDNF was significantly reduced in PD animal models, and may play a role in the gut-brain axis in PD.
Recent advances in radiobiology with respect to pleiotropic aspects of tissue reaction
Authors: Suzuki Keiji , Amrenova Aidana , Mitsutake Norisato 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation are the major cause of cell death, leading to tissue/organ injuries, which is a fundamental mechanism underlying the development of tissue reaction. Since unscheduled senescence, predominantly induced among epithelial tissues/organs, is one of the major modes of cell death in response to radiation exposure, its role in tissue reaction has been extensively studied, and it has become clear that senescence-mediated secretion of soluble factors is an indispensable component of the manifestation of tissue reaction. Recently, an unexpected link between cytoplasmic DSBs and innate immunity was discovered. The activation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) results in the stimulation of the cGAS–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, which has been shown to regulate the transactivation of a variety of secretory factors that are the same as those secreted from senescent cells. Furthermore, it has been proven that cGAS–STING pathway also mediates execution of the senescence process by itself. Hence, an autocrine/paracrine feedback loop has been discussed in previous literature in relation to its effect on the tissue microenvironment. As the tissue microenvironment plays a crucial role in cancer development, tissue reaction could be involved in the late health effects caused by radiation exposure. In this paper, the novel findings in radiation biology, which should provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced carcinogenesis, are overviewed.
Laparosacopic management with combination of fatty meal and methylen-blu for chylous leak after a left para-aortic paraganglioma excision
Authors: Cupellini Curzio , Alemanno Giovanni , Bottari Andrea , Bella Annamaria Di , Bruscino Alessandro , Martellucci Jacopo , Bergamini Carlo , Pantalone Desiree , Prosperi Paolo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report a case of chylous leak recognized post-operatively after abdominal surgery for left para-aortic paraganglioma in a young female with a history of open botallo’s duct. Conservative measures failed to control the leak and the patient is not eligible for sclerotisation. Laparoscopic exploration with intralipidand methylen blue injection through an orogastric tube revealed the leaking area near the superior mesenteric vein behind the Traitz, and this was ligated with non-asorbable suture and placement of acrylic glue. The patient was discharged the 7th post-operative day after removal of the drainage which appeared to supply &lt;100 cc of serum material. Outpatient control was successful and the patient is actually in good conditions.
Leading the Military Health System Transformation: From Military Treatment Facility to Market Construct
Authors: Melton John J , Quick Jeffrey W 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The transition of authority to manage and administer all DoD Medical Treatment Facilities from the Military Department Services to the Defense Health Agency is an extremely complex challenge involving multiple stakeholders and systems in an effort to achieve greater force readiness while reducing cost. Womack Army Medical Center at Fort Bragg served as the U.S. Army’s sole prototype for the initial phase of the transition of authority. Starting with a foundational shift to an organizational outward mindset was essential in building effective relationships to exercise Mission Command at echelon to manage risks to mission during this period of uncertainty and ambiguity. This shift in mindset set the conditions for mobilizing Army Doctrine, elicited, and invited collaborative behaviors, and resulted in the improved organizational performance accomplished with velocity to successfully lead the transformation to Defense Health Agency.
Low birthweight is associated with lower glomerular filtration rate in middle-aged mainly healthy women
Authors: Lillås Bjørn Steinar , Tøndel Camilla , Aßmus Jörg , Vikse Bjørn Egil 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Low birthweight (LBW) has been shown to increase the risk of severe kidney disease. Studies have also shown associations between LBW and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in young adults. In this study we investigated whether LBW associates with measured GFR (mGFR) in middle-aged mainly healthy adults.

Methods
We invited individuals with LBW (1100–2300 g) and individuals with normal BW (NBW; 3500–4000 g) ages 41–52 years. GFR was measured using plasma clearance of iohexol. BW and BW for gestational age (BWGA) were obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and tested as main predictors. GFR was the main outcome.

Results
We included 105 individuals (57 LBW and 48 NBW). The mean GFR was 95 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the LBW group and 100 ± 13 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the NBW group (P = 0.04). There was a significant sex difference: in women the mean GFR was 90 ± 12 versus 101 ± 14 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the LBW and NBW groups, respectively (P = 0.006), whereas corresponding values for men were 101 ± 15 versus 100 ± 11 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.7). Using linear regression, we found the GFR was 4.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher per 1 kg higher BW for women (P = 0.02), with a non-significant 1.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower GFR for men (P = 0.6). In analyses of BWGA, there was also a significant association for women, but not for men.

Conclusions
Middle-aged mainly healthy women with LBW had lower mGFR as compared with women with NBW. No such difference was found for men.
Funding Constraints and Informational Efficiency
Authors: Glebkin Sergei , Gondhi Naveen , Kuong John Chi-Fong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We analyze a tractable rational expectations equilibrium model with margin constraints. We argue that constraints affect and are affected by informational efficiency, leading to a novel amplification mechanism. A decline in wealth tightens constraints and reduces investors’ incentive to acquire information, lowering price informativeness. Lower informativeness, in turn, increases the risk borne by financiers who fund trades, leading them to further tighten constraints faced by investors. This information spiral leads to (a) significant increases in risk premium and return volatility in crises, when investors wealth declines, (b) complementarities in information acquisition in crises, and (c) complementarities in margin requirements.
Amyloid storm: acute kidney injury and massive proteinuria, rapidly progressing to end-stage kidney disease in AA amyloidosis of familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Kukuy Olga L , Beckerman Pazit , Dinour Dganit , Ben-Zvi Ilan , Livneh Avi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Amyloid A nephropathy of FMF usually progresses over many years to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We aim to describe an acute condition, termed here ‘amyloid storm’, typically manifesting with a rapid (≤2 weeks) increase in serum creatinine and urine protein, that has never been characterized in FMF amyloidosis.

Methods
This retrospective analysis features amyloid storm by comparing between FMF amyloidosis patients who have experienced an episode of amyloid storm (study group) and matched patients who have not (control group). The primary outcome was ESRD or death within 1 year from study entry. Featured data were retrieved from hospital files.

Results
The study and control groups, each comprising 20 patients, shared most baseline characteristics. However, they differed on the time from FMF onset to reaching serum creatinine of 1.2 mg/dl [26.5 years (s.d. 15.15) vs 41.55 (10.98), P = 0.001] and the time from the onset of proteinuria to study entry [8.8 years (s.d. 6.83) vs 15.75 (13.05), P = 0.04], culminating in younger age at study entry [39.95 years (s.d. 16.81) vs 48.9 (9.98), respectively, P = 0.05] and suggesting an accelerated progression of kidney disease in the study group. Within 1 year from study entry, 16 patients in the study and 3 in the control groups reached the primary endpoint (P = 0.000). The major triggers of amyloid storm were infections, occurring in 17 of 20 patients.

Conclusion
Amyloid storm is a complication of FMF amyloidosis, induced by infection and associated with poor prognosis and death.
Government-led Resettlement after Natural Disasters as a Durable Solution? The Case of Cyclone Idai
Authors: Jacobs Carolien , Almeida Bernardo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thousands of people had to flee their homes when Cyclone Idai hit Mozambique in 2019. In its aftermath, the government resettled more than 80,000 people from high-risk areas to safer ground. This article analyses resettlement as a durable solution to disaster response. The question of durable resettlement due to climate-related displacement is especially pertinent in the light of ongoing climate change. Based on empirical research, we show that, although the government succeeded in providing a short-term response to the disaster, there are two major impediments to using resettlement as a durable solution: the lack of citizen participation in the decision-making process leading to resettlement; and the gap between the short-term humanitarian perspective and a longer-term development viewpoint. Resettlement can hardly be seen as a durable solution to climate-related displacement as long as key principles are not respected.
The skeletal remains of the euryhaline sclerorhynchoid †Onchopristis(Elasmobranchii) from the ‘Mid’-Cretaceous and their palaeontological implications
Authors: Villalobos-Segura Eduardo , Kriwet Jürgen , Vullo Romain , Stumpf Sebastian , Ward David J , Underwood Charlie J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present the first known cranial remains of the fossil batoid †Onchopristis numidus. Based on two exceptionally well-preserved specimens collected from the ‘Kem Kem Beds’ (Albian–Cenomanian), south-east Morocco, an almost complete description of the rostral and cranial portions of the genus †Onchopristis is provided, together with new observations regarding the development and arrangement of the rostral denticle series for this genus. The comparison between the rostrum length of the specimens of †O. numidus with those of extant pristids, reveals a relatively large batoid species with an estimated total length between two and four metres. Overall, the cranial morphology of †Onchopristis resembles that of other sclerorhynchoids. Its robust hypertrophied rostrum, with the characteristic wood-like mineralization covering the inner layer of tessellate cartilage at the centre of the rostrum, in addition to the thick lateral layers of densely porous cartilage on the sides of the rostral cartilages, resembles that observed in †Ischyrhiza and †Schizorhiza, and differentiates †Onchopristis from other sclerorhynchoids (e.g. †Libanopristis, †Micropristis and †Sclerorhynchus). Aiming to determinate the phylogenetic relations of †Onchopristis within sclerorhynchoids, a cladistic analysis was carried out based on the remains described here; its results suggest a new taxonomic arrangement within the sclerorhynchoids.
Prevalence of Home Births and Associated Risk Profile and Maternal Characteristics, 2016–2018
Authors: Goyal Sonal , Kortsmit Katherine , Cox Shanna , D'Angelo Denise V. , Romero Lisa , Henderson Zsakeba T. , Barfield Wanda D. 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the prevalence of pregnancies that meet the low-risk criteria for planned home births and describe geographic and maternal characteristics of home births compared with hospital births.

METHODS:
Data from the 2016–2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a survey among women with recent live births, and linked birth certificate variables were used to calculate the prevalence of home births that were considered low-risk. We defined low-risk pregnancy as a term (between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation), singleton gestation with a birth weight within the 10th–90th percentile mean for gestational age (as a proxy for estimated fetal size appropriate for gestational age), without prepregnancy or gestational diabetes or hypertension, and no vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). We also calculated the prevalence of home and hospital births by site and maternal characteristics. Weighted prevalence estimates are presented with 95% CIs to identify differences.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of home births was 1.1% (unweighted n=1,034), ranging from 0.1% (Alabama) to 2.6% (Montana); 64.9% of the pregnancies were low-risk. Among the 35.1% high-risk home births, 39.5% of neonates were large for gestational age, 20.5% of neonates were small for gestational age, 17.1% of the women had diabetes, 16.9% of the women had hypertension, 10.6% of the deliveries were VBACs, and 10.1% of the deliveries were preterm. A significantly higher percentage of women with home births than hospital births were non-Hispanic White (83.9% vs 56.5%), aged 35 years or older (24.0% vs 18.1%), with less than a high school-level of education (24.6% vs 12.2%), and reported no health insurance (27.0% vs 1.9%). A significantly lower percentage of women with home births than hospital births initiated prenatal visits in the first trimester (66.9% vs 87.1%), attended a postpartum visit (80.1% vs 90.0%), and most often laid their infants on their backs for sleep (59.3% vs 79.5%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Understanding the risk profile, geographic distribution, and characteristics of women with home births can guide efforts around safe birthing practices.
Complications of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery in the 2015 Finnish Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery Survey Study
Authors: Wihersaari Olga , Karjalainen Päivi , Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Mattsson Nina , Jalkanen Jyrki , Nieminen Kari 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To describe the major complications of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery in Finland.

METHODS:
The Finnish Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery Survey 2015 study is a prospective cohort of POP surgeries performed in Finland in 2015. Perioperative, postoperative, and late complications during 1 year of follow-up were compared among native tissue repair, transvaginal mesh, and abdominal mesh surgery. Major complications were assessed using the Clavien-Dindo grading system. Predictive factors for major complications were studied with logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS:
Within 1 year after POP surgery, 396 (11.2%) of 3,515 women had at least one complication: 10.9% after native tissue, 11.7% after transvaginal mesh, and 13.5% after abdominal mesh repair. The majority of complications occurred within 2 months after surgery and postoperative infection (4.3%) and bleeding or hematoma (2.6%) were the most frequent. The incidence of organ injuries was low. Mesh-augmented surgery was associated with significantly higher rates of bladder and bowel injuries than native tissue surgery. Complication-related reoperations occurred significantly more often after abdominal mesh repair than native tissue surgery (5.2% vs 1.8%, P=.001). Mesh-related complications were diagnosed more often after transvaginal mesh repair. The overall rate of major complications (Clavien-Dindo grades III–V) was 3.3%. Abdominal mesh surgery was associated with the highest rate of major adverse events (8.8% vs native tissue repair 2.6% and transvaginal mesh 4.9%). The incidence of Clavien-Dindo grade IV or V complications was rare (less than 0.6%). Mesh surgery (transvaginal mesh adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.23, 95% CI 1.31–3.80, and abdominal mesh aOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.67–5.46), longer operating time (aOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.78–4.53), prior POP surgery (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.00–2.81) and difficult surgery (aOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.63–4.62) were associated with an increased risk for occurrence of major complications.

CONCLUSION:
Serious adverse events were rare regardless of the operative approach. However, mesh-augmented surgery was associated with higher risk for major complications.
Intrascleral 4-flanged technique for in-the-bag intraocular lens subluxation
Authors: Mahler Ori S. , Biron Roy , Hecht Idan , Pras Eran , Einan-Lifshitz Adi 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To present a series of cases in which the 4-flanged technique was used in the management of in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) subluxation.

Setting:
Shamir Medical Center, Israel.

Design:
Retrospective cohort analysis.

Methods:
Included were consecutive cases with secondary IOL subluxation that underwent scleral fixation with the 4-flanged technique using 6-0 polypropylene and low temperature cautery. Surgeries were performed during September 2019 to April 2020. Postoperative IOL angle tilt was evaluated using high-resolution ocular coherence tomography.

Results:
Eleven eyes of 11 patients were included. The mean age was 82.7 ± 5.5 years, and 60% were men. Pseudoexfoliation was noted in 82% of patients, and only 1 case was related to trauma. The mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) postoperatively was within 1 line of the original presubluxation CDVA (0.55 ± 0.41 vs 0.54 ± 0.6 logMAR, P = .965). The mean postoperative IOL tilt was 5.78 ± 3.85 degrees. Surgery duration decreased from 70 ± 14 minutes to 39 ± 15 minutes (first to last operations). No intraoperative complications were reported. Postoperatively, transient intraocular pressure elevation, which resolved at 1 week, was recorded in 45% of cases. Cystoid macular edema, which resolved within a few months under topical treatment, was seen in 2 patients.

Conclusions:
Among a cohort of patients with secondary in-the-bag IOL subluxation, the 4-flanged technique was safe and resulted in satisfactory visual outcomes and a stable IOL position, with a short learning curve.
Key Activities of Caregivers for Individuals With Parkinson Disease: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Shin Ju Young , Habermann Barbara 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) require support from family caregivers because of decreased functional levels in a later stage. Much of the research with PD caregivers has been limited by relatively homogenous samples of primarily White and largely spousal caregivers. METHODS: This secondary analysis aimed to describe a national sample of caregivers of individuals with PD in the Caregiving in the U.S. 2015 data set and their activities, including activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs (IADLs), and key activities they performed for individuals with PD. RESULTS: Fifty-four caregivers (32 women) were included. The mean (SD) age was 57.7 (16.9) years, and the sample included 57% White, 9% Black, 15% Asian, and 17% Hispanic caregivers. Relationships to care recipient were 32% spouses, 20% mothers, and 11% fathers, with the remaining being a variety of relationships. The number of ADLs and IADLs performed by the caregiver was 2.85 (SD, 2.18) and 4.72 (SD, 2.08), respectively. The most frequent ADLs were getting in and out of beds and chairs, getting dressed, getting to and from the toilet, and bathing/showering. The most frequent IADLs were transportation, shopping, managing finances, giving medicine, preparing meals, and housework. CONCLUSION: This study shows the number of ADLs and IADLs performed by a diverse group of PD caregivers and indicates the need to acknowledge the extensive work performed by caregivers.
Effects of Xingnaojing on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and neuron-specific enolase in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Zhou Zhe-ren , Zhao Yun-hua , Sun Rong , Zhang Yu-rong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background:
This study will systematically explore the effects of Xingnaojing (XNJ) on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage (ACH).

Methods:
We will comprehensively search the following electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from inception to the March 1, 2020. There are no limitations related to the language and publication status. Two authors will independently perform all citation identification, information extraction, and study quality. All potential conflicts will be solved through discussion with the help of a third author. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for data synthesis and statistical analysis.

Results:
This study will summarize the present evidence to investigate the effects of XNJ on serum hs-CRP and NSE in patients with ACH.

Conclusion:
This study may provide an impressive understanding of perspective from scientific basis for effects of XNJ on serum hs-CRP and NSE in patients with ACH.

Study registration:
PROSPERO CRD42020171648.
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy successfully treated with metformin
Authors: Liang Yu , Tian Ruicheng , Wang Jing , Shan Yuhua , Gao Hongxiang , Xie Chenjie , Li Jingjing , Zhang Lei , Xu Min , Gu Song 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rare tumor originated from neural crest cells with the potential for recurrence and metastasis. The peak age for the disease is during the first year after birth. The current therapy is primarily surgery. The patient reported here is the first case of MNTI treated with metformin.

Patient concerns:
A case of a 4-month-old infant with a history of swelling in the mouth for 1 month.

Diagnosis:
The tumor was diagnosed using radiology, pathology, and immunohistochemistry, and it was performed with complete surgical resection. Unfortunately, the tumor recurred 3 months after surgery.

Interventions:
We prescribed metformin for the infant.

Outcomes:
Currently, after 9 months of treatment, the tumor is well controlled without apparent side effects.

Lessons:
The case presented suggested that metformin may be an underlying therapy for MNTI.