bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional stress and job performance among hospital employees
Authors: Bjaalid Gunhild , Olsen Espen , Melberg Kjersti , Mikkelsen Aslaug 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate if institutional stress is related to job performance among hospital employees, and if institutional stress is fully or partly mediated by motivational resources with regards to the relation with job performance.Design/methodology/approachA self-completion survey was distributed to four public hospitals in Norway, and had a response rate of 40% (N= 9,162). Structural equation modelling was conducted on two groups of hospital employees with (N= 795) and without (N= 8,367) managerial responsibilities.FindingsInstitutional stress was negatively related to job performance for hospital employees without managerial responsibilities. The motivational resources autonomy, competence development and social support partly mediated the relationship between institutional stress and job performance in the group of employees without managerial responsibilities. In the leader group, the motivational resources fully mediated the relationship between institutional stress and job performance. Social support from leaders had a non-significant influence on job performance in both groups.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation with this study is its cross-sectional design.Originality/valueThe study enables us to extend how work-related stress is related to job performance and the mediating role of the job resources autonomy, competence development and social support. The focus on productivity, and top management’s wish to improve hospital performance, may have unintended consequences, leading to a gap between managerial and clinical worldviews and understanding of goals, policies, values and prioritizing. This can lead to institutional stress. The findings of this study suggest that institutional stress has negative effects on hospital employees’ work motivation and job performance.
The corrosion behavior of ferrous materials immersed in acidic-media using D-optimal design
Authors: Obregón Valencia Daniel , García Sánchez Halter , Díaz Tang Isabel 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to model the corrosion rate behavior for two ferrous materials, carbon steel AISI 1020 and stainless steel AISI 304, immersed in ferric sulfate and ferric chloride solutions using D-optimal design with response surface methodology.

Design/methodology/approach
Experimental design addresses two factors (concentration and contact time) with multilevel categories, in order to predict and compare the corrosion rates of the studied materials immersed in flocculants solutions. A corrosion rate of specimens was calculated from mass loss determinations.

Findings
The authors used a polynomial model to fit the experimental values, thereby predicting significantly higher corrosion rates in ferric chloride solutions, as compared to ferric sulfate.

Originality/value
The authors propose a high fidelity model of the corrosion rate of each carbon steel and stainless steel material using D-optimal design with a response surface method (RSM).
Predation risk and mountain goat reproduction: Evidence for stress‐induced breeding suppression in a wild ungulate
Authors: Dulude‐de Broin Frédéric , Hamel Sandra , Mastromonaco Gabriela F. , Côté Steeve D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Non‐consumptive effects of predation can strongly impact reproduction and demography of prey species. Still, the underlying mechanisms that drive non‐consumptive effects are not fully understood, and the circumstances under which chronic physiological stress may mediate these effects remain unclear.

Benefiting from over 23 years of environmental, physiological and demographic data, we tested the hypothesis that predation risk may impair reproduction of mountain goats through chronic elevation of physiological stress. We conducted path analyses to assess the relationships between predation risk, faecal glucocorticoid metabolites and hair cortisol concentration, and reproduction, while taking into account the potential effects of age class, sex, body mass, season and within individual variation in glucocorticoid concentration.

Predation risk had a direct positive effect on the average annual faecal glucocorticoid concentration in the population, which, in turn, negatively affected the proportion of reproductive females. The same pattern was observed with hair cortisol concentration, but these results were inconclusive potentially due to methodological challenges in estimating annual average of hair cortisol at the population level.

Our study presents one of the first robust evidence that stress‐mediated breeding suppression can occur in a wild ungulate following increased predation risk, thereby providing a major insight on the mechanisms underlying non‐consumptive effects of predation in wild mammals.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
2‐Methylcitrate cycle: a well‐regulated controller of Bacillus sporulation
Authors: Zheng Cao , Yu Zhaoqing , Du Cuiying , Gong Yujing , Yin Wen , Li Xinfeng , Li Zhou , Römling Ute , Chou Shan‐Ho , He Jin 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used eco‐friendly biopesticide, containing two primary determinants of biocontrol, endospore and insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs). The 2‐methylcitrate cycle is a widespread carbon metabolic pathway playing a crucial role in channelling propionyl‐CoA, but with poorly understood metabolic regulatory mechanisms. Here, we dissect the transcriptional regulation of the 2‐methylcitrate cycle operon prpCDB and report its unprecedented role in controlling the sporulation process of B. thuringiensis. We found that the transcriptional activity of the prp operon encoding the three critical enzymes PrpC, PrpD, and PrpB in the 2‐methylcitrate cycle was negatively regulated by the two global transcription factors CcpA and AbrB, while positively regulated by the LysR family regulator CcpC, which jointly account for the fact that the 2‐methylcitrate cycle is specifically and highly active in the stationary phase of growth. We also found that the prpD mutant accumulated 2‐methylcitrate, the intermediate metabolite of the 2‐methylcitrate cycle, which delayed and inhibited sporulation at the early stage. Thus, our results not only revealed sophisticated transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for the metabolic 2‐methylcitrate cycle but also identified 2‐methylcitrate as a novel regulator of sporulation in B. thuringiensis.
Public social science in Norway: Migration research in the public debate
Authors: Andersson Mette 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHow do Norwegian migration and diversity researchers experience and maneuver participation in public debate? And do their experiences and strategies fit with Michael Burawoy's image of Norwegian social science and with his model of public sociology? In this article, the concept of public sociology is expanded to public social science, encompassing communication of research not just from sociology but social science in general. Semi‐structured interviews with 31 Norwegian migration and diversity scholars from 10 academic institutions about their experiences of, and views on, public research communication constitute the empirical material. The article concludes that Burawoy is right about the relatively high participation in public debate among social scientists in Norway. And his ideal‐typical distinction between four types of sociology is helpful in analyzing how researchers relate differently to the science‐public interface. Yet the results indicate that his perspective on public sociology is overly optimistic and not sufficiently attuned to the normativity already attached to highly politicized issues in public debate.
Singapore Chapter of Rheumatologists updated consensus statement on the eligibility for government subsidization of biologic and targeted‐synthetic therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Leong Joanna Wai Yee , Cheung Peter P. , Dissanayake Sajeewani , Fong Warren Weng Seng , Leong Keng Hong , Leung Ying Ying , Lim Anita Yee Nah , Lui Nai Lee , Manghani Mona , Santosa Amelia , Sriranganathan Melonie Kannamma , Suresh Ernest , Tan Teck Choon , Teng Gim Gee , Lahiri Manjari 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionApproximately 30% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) respond inadequately to conventional‐synthetic disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). However, widespread use of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) and targeted‐synthetic (tsDMARDs) is limited by cost. We formulated updated recommendations for eligibility criteria for government‐assisted funding of bDMARDs/tsDMARDs for RA patients in Singapore.Materials and MethodsPublished guidelines regarding use of bDMARD and tsDMARDs were reviewed. We excluded those without a systematic literature review, formal consensus process or evidence grading. Separately, unpublished national reimbursement guidelines were included.ResultsEleven recommendations regarding choice of disease activity measure, initiation, order of selection and continuation of bDMARD/tsDMARDs were formulated. A bDMARD/tsDMARD is indicated if a patient has: (a) at least moderately active RA with a Disease Activity Score in 28 joints/erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR) score of ≥3.2; (b) failed ≥2 csDMARD strategies, 1 of which must be a combination; (c) received an adequate dose regimen of ≥3 months for each strategy. For the first‐line bDMARD/tsDMARD, either tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), non‐TNFi (abatacept, tocilizumab, rituximab), or tsDMARDs, may be considered. If a first‐line TNFi fails, options include another TNFi, non‐TNFi biologic or tsDMARDs. If a first‐line non‐TNFi biologic or tsDMARD fails, options include TNFi or another non‐TNF biologic or tsDMARD. For continued bDMARD/tsDMARD subsidization, a patient must have a documented DAS28‐ESR every 3 months and at least a moderate European League Against Rheumatism response by 6 months.ConclusionThese recommendations are useful for guiding funding decisions, making bDMARD/tsDMARDs usage accessible and equitable in RA patients who fail csDMARDs.
SpinalHeal Ltd.: Planning the Financial Statement Audit
Authors: Iacobelli Sandra , Scott Sandra , Jones Joanne C. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis instructional audit case places the student in the role of an audit manager and requires preparation of an audit planning memo that addresses significant risks at SpinalHeal Ltd.—a private Canadian company, with international operations, that develops and distributes medical implants for spinal surgery. This year's audit is particularly challenging. There appear to be significant control deficiencies and potential noncompliance with laws and regulations, as well as several complex accounting issues (revenue recognition, intangible assets, and contingent liabilities) which must be addressed. In addition to drafting the planning memo, the audit manager must resolve how to deal with a partner request and prepare a memo to the client that explains the financial reporting implications of crowdfunding.
Hdac3, Setdb1, and Kap1 mark H3K9me3/H3K14ac bivalent regions in young and aged liver
Authors: Price Andrew J. , Manjegowda Mohan C. , Kain Jessica , Anandh Swetha , Bochkis Irina M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPost‐translational modifications of histone tails play a crucial role in gene regulation. Here, we performed chromatin profiling by quantitative targeted mass spectrometry to assess all possible modifications of the core histones. We identified a bivalent combination, a dually marked H3K9me3/H3K14ac modification in the liver, that is significantly decreased in old hepatocytes. Subsequent sequential ChIP‐Seq identified dually marked single nucleosome regions, with reduced number of sites and decreased signal in old livers, confirming mass spectrometry results. We detected H3K9me3 and H3K14ac bulk ChIP‐Seq signal in reChIP nucleosome regions, suggesting a correlation between H3K9me3/H3K14ac bulk bivalent genomic regions and dually marked single nucleosomes. Histone H3K9 deacetylase Hdac3, as well as H3K9 methyltransferase Setdb1, found in complex Kap1, occupied both bulk and single nucleosome bivalent regions in both young and old livers, correlating to presence of H3K9me3. Expression of genes associated with bivalent regions in young liver, including those regulating cholesterol secretion and triglyceride synthesis, is upregulated in old liver once the bivalency is lost. Hence, H3K9me3/H3K14ac dually marked regions define a poised inactive state that is resolved with loss of one or both of the chromatin marks, which subsequently leads to change in gene expression.
Impaired control of the contact system in hereditary angioedema with normal C1‐inhibitor
Authors: Bova Maria , Suffritti Chiara , Bafunno Valeria , Loffredo Stefania , Cordisco Giorgia , Del Giacco Stefano , De Pasquale Tiziana Maria Angela , Firinu Davide , Margaglione Maurizio , Montinaro Vincenzo , Petraroli Angelica , Radice Anna , Brussino Luisa , Zanichelli Andrea , Zoli Alessandra , Cicardi Marco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) comprises HAE with C1‐inhibitor deficiency (C1‐INH‐HAE) and HAE with normal C1‐INH activity (nl‐C1‐INH‐HAE), due to mutations in factor XII (FXII‐HAE), plasminogen (PLG‐HAE), angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1‐HAE), kininogen 1 genes (KNG1‐HAE), or angioedema of unknown origin (U‐HAE). The Italian network for C1‐INH‐HAE (ITACA) created a registry including different forms of angioedema without wheals.ObjectiveWe analyzed clinical and laboratory features of a cohort of Italian subjects with nl‐C1‐INH‐HAE followed by ITACA to identify specific biomarkers.MethodsA total of 105 nl‐C1‐INH‐HAE patients were studied. Plasma concentrations of cleaved high‐molecular‐weight kininogen (cHK), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietins (Angs), and secreted phospholipase A2 enzymes (sPLA2) were evaluated.ResultsWe identified 43 FXII‐HAE patients, 58 U‐HAE, and 4 ANGPT1‐HAE. We assessed a prevalence of 1:1.4 × 106 for FXII‐HAE and 1:1.0 × 106 for U‐HAE. cHK levels in U‐HAE patients were similar to controls in plasma collected using protease inhibitors cocktail (PIC), but they significantly increased in the absence of PIC. In FXII‐HAE patients, cHK levels, in the absence of PIC, were significantly higher than in controls. We found a significant increase of VEGF‐A, VEGF‐C, and Ang1 levels in U‐HAE patients compared to controls. In FXII‐HAE, only VEGF‐C levels were increased. Ang2 concentrations and sPLA2 activity were not modified. The levels of these mediators in ANGPT1‐HAE patients were not altered.ConclusionsOur results suggest that pathogenesis of FXII‐, ANGPT1‐, and U‐HAE moves through an unbalanced control of kallikrein activity, with bradykinin as most likely mediator. VEGFs and Ang1 participate in the pathophysiology of U‐HAE increasing the basal vascular permeability.
Adolescents with unexplained chest pain reported depression and impaired emotional and social functioning
Authors: Eliacik Kayi , Bolat Nurullah , Kanik Ali , Malas Nasuh , Demircan Tülay , Hortu Hacer , Özyurt Gonca , Orbatu Dilek , Alaygut Demet , Guven Baris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimChest pain is common in adolescence, but there are no established criteria for managing this problem, which is rarely associated with cardiac disease. This study addressed the gaps in the literature by evaluating psychosocial factors that could be associated with medically unexplained chest pain.MethodsWe consecutively selected 100 patients (68% girls) aged 13‐18 who were diagnosed with unexplained chest pain when they presented to the cardiology outpatient clinics of Tepecik Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey, between 30 September 2015 and 30 June 2018. The controls were 76 age‐ and sex‐matched adolescents (69% girls) aged 13‐18 who were undergoing routine cardiology assessments before joining sports clubs. We assessed their health‐related quality of life and any depression and physical symptoms.ResultsRegression analysis showed some adolescents were a number of times more likely to report chest pain. These included those who reported boredom (4.1 times), felt stressed or anxious (2.2) and those who experienced sleep disturbance (2.6), co‐morbid headaches (2.0), back pain (3.1) and impaired social functioning (1.2).ConclusionThe results indicated a significant association between unexplained chest pain and physical symptoms, depression and impaired emotional and social functioning. These factors warrant further evaluation.
Local delivery of corticosteroids in clinical ophthalmology: A review
Authors: Fung Adrian T. , Tran Tuan , Lim Lyndell L. , Samarawickrama Chameen , Arnold Jennifer , Gillies Mark , Catt Caroline , Mitchell Logan , Symons Andrew , Buttery Robert , Cottee Lisa , Tumuluri Krishna , Beaumont Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLocally administered steroids have a long history in ophthalmology for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Anterior segment conditions tend to be treated with topical steroids whilst posterior segment conditions generally require periocular, intravitreal or systemic administration for penetration. Over recent decades, the clinical applications of periocular steroid delivery have expanded to a wide range of conditions including macular oedema from retino‐vascular conditions. Formulations have been developed with the aim to provide practical, targeted, longer‐term and more efficacious therapy whilst minimizing side effects. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the types of periocular steroid delivery, their clinical applications in ophthalmology and their side effects.
Benefits of insulin degludec/liraglutide are maintained even in patients discontinuing sulphonylureas or dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors upon initiation of degludec/liraglutide therapy: A post hoc analysis of the DUAL II and DUAL IX trials
Authors: Janez Andrej , Őrsy Petra , Stachlewska Karolina , Salvesen‐Sykes Karen , Billings Liana K. , Philis‐Tsimikas Athena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the efficacy and safety of initiating insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who had discontinued pretrial sulphonylureas (SUs) or dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4is) versus patients not previously treated with these regimens.Materials and MethodsIn DUAL II, patients with T2D uncontrolled on basal insulin and metformin ± SU/glinides were randomized to insulin degludec or IDegLira (both capped at 50 U). In DUAL IX, patients were randomized to insulin glargine U100 (no maximum dose) or IDegLira, as add‐on to sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors ± oral antidiabetic drugs. In this post hoc analysis, patients were grouped according to pretrial use of SU (DUAL II) or DPP4i (DUAL IX).ResultsRegardless of pretrial SU/DPP4i use, IDegLira was favourable versus insulin comparators with respect to change in HbA1c and body weight. Lower hypoglycaemia rates and comparable end‐of‐trial daily insulin dose were achieved with IDegLira, regardless of pretrial regimen. There was no clinically relevant increase in mean self‐measured blood glucose in the early weeks after IDegLira initiation. There was no statistically significant interaction between the randomized treatments and previous SU/DPP4i use.ConclusionsIDegLira was more favourable compared with degludec or glargine U100 in terms of change in HbA1c and body weight, regardless of antecedent treatment. Clinicians should be aware of a potential transient rise in self‐measured blood glucose when transitioning therapy in patients. This shows that SUs/DPP4is can be safely discontinued, without deterioration in glycaemic control when initiating IDegLira, allowing a simplified treatment regimen.
Laboratory coagulation tests and emicizumab treatment A United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation guideline
Authors: Jenkins P. Vincent , Bowyer Annette , Burgess Clive , Gray Elaine , Kitchen Steve , Murphy Paul , Platton Sean , Riddell Anne , Chowdary Pratima , Lester Will 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe factor VIII mimetic emicizumab (Hemlibra, Hoffman‐la Roche, Basel, Switzerland) has a novel mode of action that affects the laboratory monitoring of patients receiving this treatment.AimThis guideline from the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors Organisation (UKHCDO) aims to provide advice for clinical and laboratory staff on appropriate use of laboratory assays in patients with Haemophilia A treated with emicizumab.MethodologyThe guideline was prepared by a review of the available literature and discussion and revision by the authors.ResultsThe guideline describes the effect of emicizumab on commonly used coagulations tests and provides recommendations on the use of assays for measurement of factor VIII and factor VIII inhibitor in the presence of emicizumab. The guideline also provides recommendations on measurement of emicizumab.ConclusionKnowledge of the effect of emicizumab on coagulation tests and factor assays is required to ensure appropriate testing and monitoring of therapy in patients receiving this drug.
A valid and reliable tool in assessing patient education: the Patient Education Implementation Scale
Authors: Şenyuva Emine , Kaya Hülya , Can Gülbeyaz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to develop a valid and reliable tool for assessing the frequency of nurses' implementation of patient education in line with the stages of determining needs, assessment and planning, implementation, and evaluation and documentation.BackgroundPatient education is important in terms of the patient's completion of a reliable and effective treatment process. Patient education is one of the main responsibilities of a nurse. No valid and reliable study that assessed nurses' patient education process implementation was found in the literature.MethodsThis instrument development study was conducted with 583 nurses working at university, private, and research and training hospitals located in the province of Istanbul in Turkey. The items of the Patient Education Implementation Scale were developed in line with the literature and expert opinions. The analyses involved descriptive statistics and psychometric analyses. The level of statistical significance was accepted asP< .05.ResultsThe content validity index was calculated as 0.96 for the 42‐item Patient Education Implementation Scale, which explained 63.37% of the total variance. The scale items whose factor loads were 0.45 or higher were divided into four factors as (a) determining education needs, (b) assessment and planning, (c) implementation, and (d) evaluation and documentation. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.78–0.95 for the subdimensions and 0.97 for the general scale.ConclusionIt was determined that the Patient Education Implementation Scale is a valid and reliable tool.