bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking denudation and sediment production and transport with cosmogenic 10Be in arid, high‐altitude Himalayan half‐grabens, Zanskar, northern India
Authors: Dietsch Craig , Hedrick Kathryn , Owen Lewis A. , Caffee Marc W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the extent to which local factors, including bedrock and structure, govern catchment denudation in mountainous environments as opposed to broader climate or tectonic patterns provides insight into how landscapes evolve as sediment is generated and transported through them, and whether they have approached steady‐state equilibrium. We measured beryllium‐10 (10Be) concentrations in 21 sediment samples from glaciated footwall and hanging wall catchments, including a set of nested catchments, and 12 bedrock samples in the Puga and Tso Morari half‐grabens located in the high‐elevation, arid Zanskar region of northern India. In the Puga half‐graben where catchments are underlain by quartzo‐feldspathic gneissic bedrock, bedrock along catchment divides is eroding very slowly, about 5 m/Ma, due to extreme aridity and 10Be concentrations in catchment sediments are the highest (~60–90 × 105 atoms/g SiO2) as colluvium accumulates on hillslopes, decoupled from their ephemeral streams. At Puga, 10Be concentrations and the average erosion rates of a set of six nested catchments demonstrate that catchment denudation is transport‐limited as sediment stagnates on lower slopes before reaching the catchment outlet. In the Tso Morari half‐graben, gneissic bedrock is also eroding very slowly but 10Be concentrations in sediments in catchments underlain by low grade meta‐sedimentary rocks, are significantly lower (~10–35 × 105 atoms/g SiO2). In these arid, high‐elevation environments, 10Be concentrations in catchment sediments have more to do with bedrock weathering and transport times than steady‐state denudation rates. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When do informed traders acquire and trade on informational advantage? Evidence from Federal Reserve stress tests
Authors: Fung Scott , Loveland Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing Federal Reserve bank stress test announcements, we examine when option traders acquire informational advantage and when they exploit it. We find consistent evidence of informed options trading around announcements. However, when test results are announced in successive weeks we find high abnormal option volume, considerably positive abnormal returns and significant return predictability in the first week, but not the following week. This suggests that informed option traders are able to anticipate upcoming news events and skillfully process public information but it also suggests that trading on acquired information is conditioned on the level of information asymmetry in the market.
Numerical investigation of conjugate heat transfer in the presence of two fluid separated by a rigid wall
Authors: Koulali Aimad , Meziani Bachir , Sadaoui Djamel , Sahi Adel , Adnani Massinissa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study presents a series of numerical simulations of conjugate heat transfer within square cavity horizontally divided into two regions by a conductive wall. The two fluids are subjected to different boundary conditions. Cold fluid (Pr1) enters the upper part through an inlet (h1) and exits it via an outlet (h2), while the lower part has been heated from bellow and filled with another fluid (Pr2 = 7). The finite volume method has been used to predict thermal and hydrodynamic mechanisms in both fluid regions of cavity and at partition wall. Effect of inlet/outlet location has been considered according to two configurations. Influence of Reynolds number (50 ≤ Re ≤ 1000), Grashof number (Gr = 104 and Gr = 5 × 105), fluid‐1 Prandtl number (Pr1), and thermal conductivity ratio () has been investigated. Analysis of results was done based on isotherms, streamlines, local, and average Nusselt number. The results show that one of two configurations guarantee a higher Nusselt number. Higher heat transfer rate was obtained by increasing Reynolds and Grashof numbers. Also, it has been found that the effect of upper fluid flow regime on lower fluid flow is more pronounced with a very low thermal conductivity ratio.
Gabapentinoids for treatment of alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheng Ying‐Chih , Huang Yu‐Chen , Huang Wei‐Lieh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveGabapentin (GBP) and pregabalin (PGB) have been used to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol withdrawal, but with inconsistent results. In this meta‐analysis, we explored the effects of GBP/PGB treatment on AUD and their effects on withdrawal, craving, depression, and sleep disturbance in AUD patients.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of GBP/PGB on AUD with those of a placebo or control treatment. Electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published before September 2019. The primary outcome was defined as the efficacy measure on achieving abstinence or reducing alcohol consumption in a hierarchical order. We included 16 studies in our meta‐analysis.ResultsOverall, GBP had no significant benefit comparing to placebo or control treatment (Hedges' g = 0.0725, p = 0.6743). For specific alcohol‐related outcome, GBP had significant effect on percentage of heavy drink (Hedges' g = 0.5478, p = 0.0441) and alcohol withdrawal symptoms (Hedges' g = 0.2475, p = 0.0425). GBP/PGB did not have significant beneficial effect on craving, depressive symptoms, or sleep disturbance. Instability was shown in sensitivity analyses of some above results.ConclusionsGBP may be helpful to reduce AUD patients' heavy drinking behavior and withdrawal, but more studies are needed for drawing conclusions.
Groundwater pollution containing ammonium, iron and manganese in a riverbank filtration system: Effects of dynamic geochemical conditions and microbial responses
Authors: Meng Li , Zuo Rui , Brusseau Mark L. , Wang Jin‐sheng , Liu Xin , Du Can , Zhai Yuanzheng , Teng Yanguo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBench‐scale experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of hydraulic loadings and influent concentration on the migration and biotransformation behaviour of three groundwater pollutants: ammonium (NH4+), iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+). Columns packed with aquifer media collected from a riverbank filtration (RBF) site in Harbin City, NE China were introduced synthetic groundwater (SGW) or real groundwater (RGW) were at two different constant flow rates and initial contaminant concentrations to determine the impact of system conditions on the fate of the target pollutants biotransformation. The results showed that the biotransformation rate of Fe2+ Mn2+ and NH4+ decreased by 8%, 39% and 15% under high flow rate (50 L d−1) compared to low flow rate (25 L d−1), which was consistent with the residence‐time effect. While the biotransformation rate of Fe2+ Mn2+ and NH4+ decreased by 7%, 14% and 9% under high influent concentration comparing with original groundwater. The 16S rRNA analysis of the aquifer media at different depths after experiments completion demonstrated that the relative abundance of major functional microbes iron‐oxidizing bacteria and manganese‐oxidizing bacteria under higher flow rate and higher influent concentration decreased 13%, 14% and 25%, 24%, respectively, whereas the ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria exhibited minimal change, compared to the lower flow rate. Above all results indicated that both high flow rate and high concentration inhibit the biotransformation of NH4+, Fe2+ and Mn2+. The biotransformation of Fe2+ and Mn2+ occurs primarily in the 0–40 cm and 20–60 cm depth intervals, respectively, whereas the NH4+ biotransformation appears to occur relatively uniformly throughout the whole 110 cm column. The biotransformation kinetics of NH4+ in RGW and SGW, Mn2+ in RGW at different depths accords with the first order kinetics model, while Fe2+ in RGW and SGW, Mn2+ in SGW presented more complicated biotransformation process. The results should improve understanding of the transport and fate of common groundwater pollutants in RBF and other groundwater recharge environments.
Refinement of the channel response system by considering time‐varying parameters for flood prediction
Authors: Huang Pin‐Chun , Lee Kwan Tun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImpulse response functions derived from different types of flood wave equations (simplified shallow water equations) are continuously developed to conduct the linear channel routing (LCR), which is based on the linearized Saint Venant equation and has been widely applied to avoid any possibility of numerical instability. The impulse response function proposed by Dooge, Napiórkowski, and Strupczewski (1987) and derived from the dynamic wave equation with complete force terms has been acknowledged as a classic work to establish a good physical interpretation for the LCR model; however, the flexibility of altering the shape of impulse response still needs to be improved. Based on the concept of this work, this study intends to introduce the time‐varying parameters in the model, so the values of parameters can be adjusted according to the inflow condition, flood stage, and the cross‐sectional shape. Moreover, an integrated routing procedure is proposed to formulate the impulse response function for lateral‐flow inputs and then to connect multiple inputs from subwatersheds or alongside the main channel with the impulse response function of each channel segment to reflect the spatial variation of hydraulic characteristics among different segments. In the discussion of this article, the impulse response function is analysed to show its sensitivity to hydraulic variables with spatial and temporary variations. Flood‐event simulations of a studied watershed are also provided to verify the applicability of the proposed channel routing system.
Rather complements than substitutes: Firm value effects of capital structure and financial hedging decisions
Authors: Hang Markus , Geyer‐Klingeberg Jerome , Rathgeber Andreas W. , Stöckl Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the interaction between capital structure decisions and risk management decisions as well as the channels through which they add value to firms. Competing theories are considered in an integrated path model, which we test by means of meta‐analytic structural equation modelling (MASEM). This meta‐analysis is based on 6,312 reported results, which are manually collected from 411 empirical studies. We find that capital structure mediates the relation between corporate financial hedging and firm value. In this regard, active risk management positively affects leverage by providing greater debt capacities. Furthermore, leverage has a negative impact on firm value. Hence, capital structure and financial hedging decisions appear rather as complements instead of substitutes. This implies that managers should leave additional debt capacities unused and instead use additional internal funds arising from active risk management to carry out profitable projects and research and development activities. Overall, corporate hedging is found to especially add value to a firm by lowering bankruptcy risks and underinvestment risks.
Does financial development reduce the level of corruption? Evidence from a global sample of 140 countries
Authors: Sharma Chandan , Paramati Sudharshan Reddy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current research explores the role of financial sector development on the control of corruption in a global sample of 140 countries. Using annual data from 1996 to 2015, this study makes use of system generalized method of moments technique to identify the determinants of corruption across the full sample, low and lower middle‐income countries and, upper middle and high‐income countries. Our empirical findings show that financial development plays an important role in controlling the growth of corruption across the full sample, low and lower middle‐income countries and upper middle and high‐income countries. Similarly, per capita income has a significant positive impact on control of corruption in upper middle and high‐income countries, while education plays a similar role in low and lower middle‐income countries. On the contrary, the per capita income, trade openness, government expenditure, political rights and civil liberty are the major factors, which promote the growth of corruption in low and lower middle‐income countries, whereas trade and civil liberty play the same role in high‐income countries. Given these findings, our study makes number policy recommendations and adds new knowledge to the empirical literature.
Ceftriaxone pretreatment confers neuroprotection in rats with acute glaucoma and reduces the score of seizures induced by pentylenotetrazole in mice
Authors: Fachim Helene A. , Guizzo Renato , Cunha Alexandra O. S. , Pereira Adriana C. , dos Anjos Lilian C. , Mortari Márcia R. , dos Santos Wagner F. 
Published: July 2020

Abstractβ‐Lactam antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, are potent stimulators of the expression of l‐glutamate transporter GLT‐1 and may exert neuroprotective effects when chronically used in rats and mice. In this study, we used two animal models to test the neurological effect of subchronic treatment with ceftriaxone: experimental acute glaucoma in Wistar rats and induction of acute seizures with pentylenetetrazole in mice. We also assessed the performance of mice in the rotarod to calculate therapeutic indexes and exploratory activity in the open field. Our results showed that subchronic use of ceftriaxone was neuroprotective in both models, reducing injury in acute ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion in specific layers of retina and leading to a decrease in the seizure severity score. In behavioral experiments, we observed that ceftriaxone increased hyperactivity followed by a decrease in exploratory behavior in the open field, and there was no motor impairment in the rotarod test. We conclude that ceftriaxone may be useful as a tool in the development of new neuroprotective drugs targeting diseases which present a possible dysfunction in the balance of glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Interleukin‐12B gene rs6887695 and rs2288831 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of ulcerative colitis development in Chinese Han population: A case‐control study
Authors: Zhao Hui , Qian Yun‐Zhi , Qian Hai‐Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association of the interleukin (IL)‐12B gene rs6887695 and rs2288831 polymorphisms with ulcerative colitis (UC) risk has been extensively investigated, but results are conflicting. In this study, we investigated potential link between the IL‐12B gene rs6887695 and rs2288831 polymorphisms and UC development in Chinese Han population.Material and MethodsGenotyping was performed in 367 patients and 456 controls through polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Plasma levels of IL‐12B were tested using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsWe found that the IL‐12B gene rs6887695 and rs2288831 polymorphisms were related to a significantly increased risk of UC. Subgroup analyses revealed significant associations of the IL‐12B gene rs6887695 and rs2288831 polymorphisms with UC risk among females, consumers of alcohol, and those aged <40 years. Additionally, the rs6887695 and rs2288831 polymorphisms were associated with lesion location and UC treatment. Last, we found that these two polymorphisms were associated with IL‐12B levels.ConclusionsThe IL‐12B gene rs6887695 and rs2288831 polymorphisms were associated with a higher risk, and the clinical characteristics, of UC.
Analysis of public policy formulation and its effect on the technical and professional work of the community psychologist: A case study
Authors: Alfaro Jaime , de Rota José María Fernández , Gamonal Paris , Martin María Pía , Verdugo Ignacia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe academic and professional relationship between Community Psychology and public policy is increasing, especially as pertaining to social issues. An important discussion is to be had regarding the complexity, degrees of complementarity, and contributions of this link, as well as its risks for the discipline of Community Psychology. In this context, this study asks the following question: What are the dynamics of public policy formulation for extreme poverty in Chile and its effect on the technical definition of the psychologists’ work, and what alternatives this opens up for a discussion on the relationship between Community Psychology and public policies? A qualitative and idiographic methodological approach is used, based on Grounded Theory by Strauss & Corbin (2002) and the Case Study by Coller (2000), to analyze semistructured interviews with 10 policymakers of the Chile Seguridades y Oportunidades policy and nine legislative and technical documents that support this policy. The results show that the technical work of the psychologist who participates in public policy towards extreme poverty is affected and configured by the mechanisms and dynamics of the connection between the various frameworks of meaning of policy formulation. These frames of meaning affect the configuration of technical norms that, in a dynamic of reciprocal influence between notions of reference, notions of problem and notions of solution, affect and configure the professional tasks of the psychologists, in terms of the focus of their work, their objectives, levels of intervention and interdisciplinary work.
Measurement of parental executive function in early childhood settings: Instrument reliability and validity in community‐led research projects
Authors: Black Caroline F. D. , Barker Tyson V. , Fisher Philip 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA growing number of early childhood (EC) parenting programs target adult executive function (EF) to build responsive parenting behaviors and to promote positive child development. Although measurement of EF is well understood in academic research, little work has examined EF measurement in community settings. The present study examined psychometric properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult Version among 203 parents whose children were enrolled in EC programs serving under‐resourced communities. We calculated Cronbach's α and mean‐item correlations to test internal consistency reliability. To test factor structure, we conducted exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. Results suggest adequate internal consistency and that factor structures, beyond the original proposed, are appropriate for our community sample. Together, findings indicate that self‐report measures of adult EF may perform differently for families experiencing adversity, raising questions about the acceptability of clinical EF tools in in underserved communities.
A novel variant of ST3GAL3 causes non‐syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability in Iranian patients
Authors: Farajollahi Zahra , Razmara Ehsan , Heidari Erfan , Jafarinia Ehsan , Garshasbi Masoud 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe number of reported genes causing non‐syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability (NS‐ARID) is increasing. For example, mutations in the ST3GAL3 gene have been reported to be associated with NS‐ARID. In the present study, we aimed to determine the genetic cause of the NS‐ARID in a five‐generation consanguineous Iranian family.MethodsWe subjected four patients with an initial diagnosis of NS‐ID in an Iranian family. To identify the possible genetic cause(s), whole‐exome sequencing was performed on the proband and Sanger sequencing was applied to investigate co‐segregation analysis. Using in silico predictive tools, the possible impacts of the variant on the structure and function of ST3Gal‐III were predicted.ResultsThe common clinical features were detected in all affected members who were suffering from a severe ID. Using whole‐exome sequencing, a novel variant, c.704C>T or p.(Thr235Met), in exon 9 of the ST3GAL3 gene (NM_001270461.2, OMIM# 606494) was identified and verified by Sanger sequencing. This variant is located next to the VS motif of ST3Gal‐III, which is a vital part of the catalytical domains.ConclusionsIn the present study, we identified a novel missense variant, c.704C>T or p.(Thr235Met), in the ST3GAL3. To our knowledge, is the third variant in this gene to be associated with NS‐ARID. Our findings highlight the need for further investigations into the mechanisms by which variants in ST3GAL3 contribute to neurological dysfunction.
Extraction optimization for combined metabolomics, peptidomics, and proteomics analysis of gut microbiota samples
Authors: Keller Caitlin , Wei Pingli , Wancewicz Benjamin , Cross Tzu‐Wen L. , Rey Federico E. , Li Lingjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiomic studies are increasingly performed to gain a deeper understanding of molecular processes occurring in a biological system, such as the complex microbial communities (i.e., microbiota) that reside the distal gut. While a combination of metabolomics and proteomics is more commonly used, multiomics studies including peptidomcis characterization are less frequently undertaken. Here, we investigated three different extraction methods, chosen for their previous use in extracting metabolites, peptides, and proteins, and compared their ability to perform metabolomic, peptidomic, and proteomic analysis of mouse cecum content. The methanol/chloroform/water extraction performed the best for metabolomic and peptidomic analysis as it detected the largest number of small molecules and identified the largest number of peptides, but the acidified methanol extraction performed best for proteomics analysis as it had the highest number of protein identifications. The methanol/chloroform/water extraction was further analyzed by identifying metabolites with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis and by gene ontology analysis for the peptide and protein results to provide a multiomics analysis of the gut microbiota.
Formation process of joint contracture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rats
Authors: Kaneguchi Akinori , Ozawa Junya , Minamimoto Kengo , Yamaoka Kaoru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKnee joint contracture is often induced by anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, the temporal and spatial arthrofibrotic changes following inflammatory events, which occur in parallel with the formation of joint contractures after ACLR, are unknown. This study aimed to reveal: (a) time‐dependent changes in myogenic and arthrogenic contractures; and (b) the process of arthrofibrosis development after ACLR. ACLR was performed on knees of rats unilaterally. Passive ranges of motions (ROMs) before and after myotomy, as well as inflammatory and fibrotic reactions, were examined before and after the surgery at various periods up to 56 days. Both ROMs before and after myotomy exhibited their lowest value on day 7 and increased thereafter in a time‐dependent manner; nevertheless, significant restrictions remained by day 56. Myotomy partially increased ROMs at all time points, indicating contribution of the myogenic component to ACLR‐induced contracture. Inflammatory and fibrotic reactions peaked on day 7. Arthrofibrosis, characterized by the thickening of the joint capsule and the shortening of the synovial length, was established by day 7 and was not completely resolved by day 56. Our results indicate that: (a) both myogenic and arthrogenic contractures generated through ACLR develop maximally by day 7 after surgery and subside thereafter, but persist at least until day 56; and (b) arthrofibrosis is established by day 7 after surgery and is not completely resolved by day 56. These findings suggest that treatment and intervention for preventing joint contracture after ACLR should be performed within the first 7 days after surgery.