bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary approach to enhance trauma residents education of Extended‐Focused Assessment for Sonography in Trauma in the emergency department
Authors: Haney Rachel M. , Graglia Sally , Schleifer Jessica , Mendoza April , Frasure Sarah E. , Shokoohi Hamid , Huang Calvin , Liteplo Andrew S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite the utilization of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) by trauma surgeons, formal POCUS requirements do not exist for general surgery residents. We sought to evaluate surgery resident comfort with performing and interpreting of Extended‐Focused Assessment for Sonography in Trauma (E‐FAST) scans after a brief educational session.MethodsA pre‐survey, sent to PGY‐2 and ‐3 surgical residents before their trauma rotation, evaluated comfort with eight components of the E‐FAST. Residents were then required to watch a 15‐min online video and attend a 1‐h bedside training session moderated by emergency medicine ultrasound fellows during which residents practised E‐FAST image acquisition and interpretation. After the rotation, residents completed a post‐survey evaluating their comfort with the E‐FAST.ResultsAll 27 residents rotating on the trauma service during the 2017–2018 academic year were eligible and, therefore, approached by the study team. Twenty‐one (77.78%) residents completed the pre‐survey, training and post‐survey. Initially, only 52% (13/25) of residents reported feeling confident in performing the E‐FAST. After the session, all (100%) reported feeling confident in their training in E‐FAST. Self‐reported mean comfort with each of the eight components of the E‐FAST showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase from pre–post survey for all residents. Isolating only the residents who initially reported feeling confident in E‐FAST still showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in mean comfort.ConclusionA single POCUS training programme has been shown to improve surgical residents' comfort in performing and interpreting the E‐FAST. This interdisciplinary approach can enhance collaboration and bridge gaps between emergency medicine and surgery residency programmes.
Review article: withdrawal of 5‐aminosalicylates in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Chapman Thomas P. , Frias Gomes Catarina , Louis Edouard , Colombel Jean‐Frédéric , Satsangi Jack 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackground5‐aminosalicylates (5‐ASA) are widely used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but emerging evidence suggests that they may be safely withdrawn in significant subsets of patients. This is important to address: 5‐ASA therapy accounts for up to 25% of total healthcare costs in ulcerative colitis (UC), while almost a third of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) receive long‐term 5‐ASA despite no clear evidence of benefit. Further, rationalising medication burden may improve overall adherence and outcome.AimsTo summarise the rationale for 5‐ASA withdrawal, review the current evidence in both UC and CD and consider the data surrounding colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention, guiding an evidence‐based withdrawal strategy.MethodsPubMed was searched to identify relevant studies. Only papers published in English were reviewed, with priority given to randomised clinical trials and meta‐analyses.ResultsFor patients with UC, consideration of 5‐ASA withdrawal should be made on a case‐by‐case basis, but it appears safest for those in deep remission without any of the following risk factors: younger age (<40 years), remission for less than 2 years, a history of multiple flares, extensive disease. 5‐ASA withdrawal should also be considered in patients with UC escalated to biologic therapy who have achieved remission and in all patients with CD. Although 5‐ASA therapy may have chemopreventive benefits for CRC, the cost‐benefit ratio appears significant, and this indication is not justified by evidence in those who have achieved remission and are continuing therapy with other agents, or in those in sustained remission without a history of extensive disease.ConclusionsAlthough the majority of patients with IBD receive 5‐ASA during their disease course, safe withdrawal appears possible in many, with important implications for both health economics and patient experience. A number of unanswered questions, however, remain.
Development and validation of a prediction model (AHC) for early identification of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura using nationally representative data
Authors: Gui Ruo‐Yun , Huang Qiu‐Sha , Cai Xuan , Wu Jin , Liu Hui‐Xin , Liu Yi , Yang Lin‐Hua , Zhang Jing‐Yu , Cheng Yun‐Feng , Jiang Ming , Mao Min , Fang Mei‐Yun , Liu Hui , Wang Li‐Ru , Wang Zhao , Zhou He‐Bing , Lan Hai , Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Shen Xu‐Liang , Zhang Lei , Fan Sheng‐Jin , Li Yueying , Wang Qian‐Fei , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Hui 
Published: May 2020

SummaryImmune‐mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare and life‐threatening haematological emergency. Although therapeutic plasma exchange together with corticosteroids achieve successful outcomes, a considerable number of patients remain refractory to this treatment and require early initiation of intensive therapy. However, a method for the early identification of refractory iTTP is not available. To develop and validate a model for predicting the probability of refractory iTTP, a cohort of 265 consecutive iTTP patients from 17 large medical centres was retrospectively identified. The derivation cohort included 94 patients from 11 medical centres. For the validation cohort, we included 40 patients from the other six medical centres using geographical validation. An easy‐to‐use risk score system was generated, and its performance was assessed using internal and external validation cohorts. In the multivariable logistic analysis of the derivation cohort, three candidate predictors were entered into the final prediction model: age, haemoglobin and creatinine. The prediction model had an area under the curve of 0.886 (95% CI: 0.679–0.974) in the internal validation cohort and 0.862 (95% CI: 0.625–0.999) in the external validation cohort. The calibration plots showed a high agreement between the predicted and observed outcomes. In conclusion, we developed and validated a highly accurate prediction model for the early identification of refractory iTTP. It has the potential to guide tailored therapy and is a step towards more personalized medicine.
A case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by Olanedine solution—A diagnostic patch‐testing method involving dried filter paper
Authors: Iijima Shigeruko , Matsunaga Kayoko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOlanedine solution is a new antiseptic, and several cases of allergic contact dermatitis caused by the agent were reported in 2018; however, these cases were diagnosed based on positive results in 2‐day closed patch testing of Olanedine solution “as is.”ObjectivesTo present another case of Olanedine‐induced allergic contact dermatitis and to analyze the optimal patch‐testing method for this condition.MethodsA 34‐year‐old Japanese female patient and 25 healthy control subjects were patch tested using wet filter paper, which had been treated with 15 μL Olanedine solution, and dried filter paper, which had been treated with 15 μL Olanedine solution and then dried.ResultsThe patient and all of the control subjects exhibited false‐positive reactions due to irritation in the 2‐day closed patch tests with wet filter paper containing Olanedine solution “as is.” The tests with dried filter paper produced a positive reaction on day 7 in the patient, and negative reactions in all control subjects.ConclusionsIt is preferable to perform 2‐day closed patch tests using filter paper with the test solution “as is,” which had been dried before application in order to correctly diagnose antiseptic‐induced allergic contact dermatitis.
Critical subaortic stenosis due to fibromuscular ridge in a 66‐year‐old woman: 2D‐3D echocardiography findings
Authors: Pergolini Amedeo , Pingitore Annachiara , Zampi Giordano , Pontillo Daniele , Menafra Giovanni , Musumeci Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSubvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) can be either a fixed stenosis resulting from subaortic anatomical obstacle or a dynamic stenosis because of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Here, we report a patient with a rare subaortic circumferential fibromuscular tunnel who became unusually symptomatic in her sixth decade of life. Transthoracic and mostly transesophageal echocardiography with 3D application is the preferred diagnostic modality. Indications for surgery include symptoms and LVOT gradient of 50 mm Hg. Our purpose is an image focus on this infrequent case.
Should forage evaluation indices include a feeding value trait?
Authors: Griffiths Wendy M. , Roach Chris G. , Chapman David F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractForage evaluation indices are available to assist farmer decision‐making on the most appropriate ryegrass cultivars to grow. However, these indices currently take no account of any feeding value trait that reflects the interaction between the animal and the structural and morphological characteristics of the pasture. Information on the feeding value of ryegrass cultivars can be confounded by nutritive value, arising from the relationship between nutritive value and heading date. The objective of this study was to determine the milk production response of dairy cows grazing four perennial ryegrass diploid cultivars: two morphologies within two different heading dates and on three occasions during lactation across two years: late spring, summer and autumn. No consistent phenotypic effect occurred on milk production across the two years. Milk production responses were more closely aligned to energy intake. The sward structure changed physiologically from year 1 to year 2, with a reduction in the ratio of leaf to stem and subsequent increase in stem mass in year 2. Despite this, the relative difference in leaf to stem between mid‐season and late‐season heading dates remained consistent between years and had no effect on milk production. In one year, the apparent dry‐matter intake was higher but it was not possible to determine which sward structure traits or group of traits contributed to this response. We conclude that, at this time, the evidence is insufficient to support inclusion of a phenotypic trait as represented by “feeding value” in forage evaluation indices.
Irritable bowel syndrome frequency and related factors in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Özkul Durmuş , Güney İbrahim , Saçkan Fatih , Coşkun Yavuz Yasemin , Selcuk Nedim Yilmaz , Tonbul Halil Z. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disease that is common in society, does not threaten life, impairs quality of life, and causes serious economic losses. Gastrointestinal system complaints and especially IBS are common in patients with chronic kidney disease. It has also been shown that psychiatric diseases are more common in patients with IBS. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of IBS in hemodialysis patients and to investigate the factors associated with IBS.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, the questionnaire prepared to evaluate depression, anxiety, and abdominal pain was administered face‐to‐face to 686 patients by the same researcher in seven dialysis centers; 404 patients without exclusion criteria were included in the study. The diagnosis of IBS was made according to Rome IV criteria. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors that are significantly related to IBS.FindingsIn 69 (17.1%) of the patients included in the study, symptoms were consistent with IBS. Binominal logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of age, dialysis duration, diabetes, proton pump inhibitor, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, calcium acetate use, Hamilton depression and anxiety scores associated with IBS in the presence of IBS of the participants. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2 (3) = 69.748, P < 0.001. Independent risk factors for IBS in hemodialysis patients were determined as anxiety, long‐term dialysis treatment, and using calcium acetate as a phosphorus binder.DiscussionIn hemodialysis patients, IBS occurs approximately twice as often as in a healthy population. Independent risk factors for IBS in hemodialysis patients are anxiety, long‐term dialysis treatment, and using calcium acetate as a phosphorus binder.
Dermoscopy comparative approach for early diagnosis in familial melanoma: influence of MC1R genotype
Authors: Longo C. , Barquet V. , Hernandez E. , Marghoob A.A. , Potrony M. , Carrera C. , Aguilera P. , Badenas C. , Malvehy J. , Puig S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMC1R polymorphisms interact with CDKN2A mutations modulating melanoma risk and contribute to a less suspicious clinical and dermoscopic appearance of melanomas. Different strategies, including dermoscopic comparative approach and digital monitoring, are used for the melanoma diagnosis in this context.ObjectiveTo analyse the diagnostic accuracy of the morphologic approach and comparative approach in dermoscopy, and to detect melanoma in familial melanoma (FamMM) patients according to different genetic backgrounds.MethodsTwo independent readers evaluated 415 lesions belonging to 25 FamMM: 26 melanomas (62% in situ, 36% early invasive) and 389 naevi, blinded for dermoscopic and histopathologic diagnosis, following two different steps. First step‐Randomized: all lesions were randomly located in one single folder. Second step‐Comparative approach: the lesions were clustered by patient. Sensitivity, specificity and number needed to excise (NNE) for melanoma diagnosis were calculated for both diagnostic strategies. Sensitivity and specificity were also assessed regarding the genetic background.ResultsThe comparative approach showed lower sensitivity compared to the morphologic approach (69.2 and 73.1 vs. 76.9 both readers) but better specificity (95.9 and 95.1 vs. 84.3 and 90.2, respectively). NNE was better in the comparative approach. The readers had more difficulties diagnosing lesions from CDKN2A mutation carriers with red hair colour (RHC) MC1R variants.ConclusionThe comparative approach can be useful in high‐risk patients to decrease the NNE. Early melanomas in CDKN2A carriers with RHC polymorphisms are more difficult to diagnose even with the comparative approach and benefit from the detection of changes during digital dermoscopy monitoring for early diagnosis.
Effects of positive–negative antismoking messages to quit smoking among male college students: A randomized field study
Authors: Lee Shinae , Park Hyojung 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimBased on the main concept of reasoned action theory, this study aimed to examine which of the attitude and subjective norms affect the intention of smoking cessation by using four types of antismoking messages: (1) positively and( 2) negatively stimulating one's attitude toward smoking cessation; and (3) positively and (4) negatively reflected subjective norms for second‐hand smoking.MethodsWe conducted a randomized field study in smoking areas in universities located in D city of South Korea. Two hundred and eighty‐seven male students who smoke daily were recruited in the field and randomly divided into four experimental groups and one control group. The participants in each experimental group were asked to read attitude/positive, attitude/negative, norm/positive, and norm/negative message. The data of attitude, subjective norm, and intention to stop smoking were collected.ResultsThere were significant differences in the intention to quit smoking in attitude/negative messages (F = 4.311, p = .015) and norm/positive messages (F = 4.353, p = .014). The effects of subjective norm were greater than those of attitude (p < .001).ConclusionEmphasizing the positive subjective norm for smoking cessation among young smokers might be effective in persuading them to quit smoking.
Interatrial conduction time from electrograms of cardiac resynchronization therapy devices with left ventricular sensing
Authors: Marinaccio Leonardo , Giacopelli Daniele , Resta Margherita , Fabbian Clelia , Romanato Giuseppe , Borgato Martina , Vetta Francesco , Marchese Domenico 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe interatrial conduction time (IACT) is relevant for atrioventricular delay optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. However, this information cannot be easily used as it requires invasive measurements. We tested whether electrical activation of left atrium (LA) could be detected in CRT devices with left ventricular (LV) sensing and used to estimate IACT.MethodsThe presence of LA activation on LV channel was evaluated in consecutive patients implanted with CRT and quadripolar LV leads whose sensing was temporarily set in the most proximal polarity (Ring LV4‐housing). Estimates of IACT during sinus rhythm and atrial pacing were measured and compared with the values obtained with invasive catheterization of coronary sinus.ResultsAmong six patients (50% female; mean age 73.3 ± 4.9 years) included in the analysis, four (66%) had a visible LA signal on the LV channel. The mean IACT measured with device electrograms was 71 ± 8 ms and 133 ± 15 ms during sinus rhythm and atrial pacing, respectively. These values were equivalent to the measurements obtained during invasive catheterization. Both patients without evidence of LA activation had an LV lead with a short total interelectrodes distance (46 mm) resulting in a significant anatomical distance between Ring LV4 and LA.ConclusionsIn CRT devices with left ventricular sensing, LA signal could be detected and used to estimate IACT especially if long‐spaced electrodes are used.
Theorizing race in Hawai‘i: Centering place, indigeneity, and settler colonialism
Authors: Darrah‐Okike Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScholars have argued that the sociology of race in the United States should be theorized within a settler‐colonial framework, while others have advanced a turn toward empire. Theories of settler colonialism are only recently gaining traction within sociology, however, and insights from Indigenous studies remain unfamiliar to many sociologists of race and ethnicity. Contemporary scholarship on Hawai‘i addresses settler colonialism and indigeneity in ways that could inform the sociology of race. The recent scholarship on Hawai‘i reviewed here advances the theorizing of race in three ways. First, it shows the complexity, endurance, and creativity of Indigenous agency, as well as resistance to colonialism. Second, by critically describing settler colonialism, it distinguishes colonial domination from racial domination, while also demonstrating their entanglements. Third, this body of literature examines how racializations are triangulated, organized by selective assimilation, and shaped by contestations over land, places, and resources. By engaging with these three themes, contemporary scholarship on Hawai‘i suggests pathways for future research at the intersection of race, place, indigeneity, and settler colonialism.
rIL‐35 prevents murine transfusion‐related acute lung injury by inhibiting the activation of endothelial cells
Authors: Qiao Jiajia , He Rui , Yin Yonghua , Tian Li , Li Ling , Lian Zhengqiu , Fang Peng , Liu Zhong 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTransfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is an important cause of death associated with transfusion, and no specific clinical treatments are available. Endothelial cells are believed to play an important role in the development of TRALI. This study investigated whether IL‐35, an endothelial stabilizing cytokine could regulate the severity of antibody‐mediated TRALI in vivo.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSHuman microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were cultured in vitro, rIL‐35(2 μg/mL) was added before HMVECs activation, and HMVECs were fully activated by LPS (0.5 μg/mL). Then cells were collected for flow cytometry analysis. We used a previously established “two‐event” mouse model of TRALI with naive and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐injected mice as controls. rIL‐35(100 μg/kg) was injected into the tail vein for 3 consecutive days before the induction of the TRALI model. Samples were collected 2 hours after TRALI induction and tested for lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity, total protein levels, lung tissue histology, endothelial cell activation assay, and cytokine assay.RESULTSIn vitro culture of HMVECs with rIL‐35 verified that rIL‐35 inhibited endothelial cells. In a mouse model, prophylactic administration of rIL‐35 prevented pulmonary edema, increased lung protein levels, and reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil accumulation in the lung.CONCLUSIONSThis work suggests that antibody‐mediated murine TRALI can be prevented by rIL‐35, and that rIL‐35 appears to work by inhibiting the activation of lung endothelial cells.
World Englishes in multilingual Morocco
Authors: Soussi Houssine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the history, politics and discourses around the situation of English(es) in Morocco. It examines how this global language succeeded to infiltrate into the Moroccan linguistic market with a focus on its various uses in various domains (education, academic research, diplomacy, mass media, tourism and finance). Albeit English(es) is spoken sporadically in the business, science and education sectors, its usage and learning have grown over the last decades with the boom of free English satellite channels and the development of the internet and social media. This language is now considered as the main vehicle for the transfer of technology and as an important tool of appropriating modernity. Indeed, it is gaining prestige among Moroccans and is quickly replacing French as Morocco's second language, both among youths and educators.
Design and Analysis of a Geometrically Nonlinear Dynamic Vibration Absorber
Authors: Godoy Willians R. A. , Trindade Marcelo A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe design and optimization of a nonlinear dynamic vibration absorber based on a snap-through truss geometry is investigated. The effect of absorber's parameters on primary system (PS) vibration amplitude reduction and frequency range of operation is analyzed. Within parametric analyses of the absorber, a methodology was proposed to tune the absorber's stiffness. Results show that the nonlinear vibration absorber may be substantially more effective than its linear counterpart both in terms of vibration amplitude reduction and absorption frequency range. Possible difficulties and/or limitations caused by the nonlinearity induced by the absorber are analyzed and, for the studied case, do not diminish the advantages of the nonlinear absorber (NLAbs). The effect of absorber's damping on the vibration reduction performance was also analyzed indicating that the NLAbs outperforms its linear counterpart even for higher damping levels.
Insights and Experiences in Academic Mentoring and Education
Authors: Diller Kenneth R. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is a great honor to be named the awardee of the 2019 ASME Robert M. Nerem Education and Mentorship Medal. Bob Nerem has been a mentor to me since the beginning of my faculty career and has been a model to me for effectively dealing with the many dimensions of the interpersonal side of an academic career. This brief paper presents a summary of some of my personal insights and practices in this arena as gained during 46 years on the faculty of the University of Texas at Austin.