bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transanal irrigation with Peristeen in neurogenic bowel dysfunction: audit of impact on symptoms and quality of life
Authors: McCarthy Sandra , Wallwork Sandra , Soni Bakulesh M 
Published: April 2020

Background: Spinal cord injury often results in neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD). NBD is associated with constipation and faecal incontinence, as well as loss of sensation, faecal loading and faecal leakage, and it has a severe impact on healthcare resources and patient quality of life. NBD is treated conservatively with medication, suppositories, physiotherapy, digital rectal stimulation and digital removal of faeces. Conservative options are not always effective and long-term may lead to haemorrhoids, rectal bleeding, mucosal prolapse and faecal soiling. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends the use of the Peristeen transanal irrigation system, which instills lukewarm water into the colon via a balloon catheter to stimulate regular and complete bowel movements. Aim: To assess the impact of transanal irrigation with Peristeen on the symptoms and treatments of NBD, as well as patient quality of life and satisfaction, in a regional spinal injury centre. Method: Patients were asked to complete an adapted NBD assessment at consultation when they were prescribed Peristeen and at 8-week follow up. Answers to 10 questions on symptoms and treatment were individually weighted to provide a bowel dysfunction score, excluding two Likert-type questions on quality of life. Results: Patient numbers undergoing digital evacuations once or more a week decreased by more than 50%, and medication use decreased slightly. Patients reported a decrease in the following symptoms: peri-anal skin problems (9%); uneasiness, sweating or headaches (20%); uncontrollable flatus (27%); rectal bleeding (30%); faecal soiling (37%) and involuntary defecation (46%). Mean total bowel dysfunction score decreased by 11.6 from 20.4 to 8.8, and those with dysfunction categorised as severe decreased by 64% from 80% to 16%. Average negative emotional wellbeing improved from 4.0 to 1.2, and mean satisfaction increased from 3.2 to 7.3. Conclusion: According to the study findings, Peristeen is observed to improve quality of life in spinal NBD, and it is effective at reducing both associated symptoms and the need for digital rectal stimulation and digital removal of faeces.
High-speed wide-field multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Zhong Fenghe , Bao Youwei , Chen Ruimin , Zhou Qifa , Hu Song 
Published: April 2020

Capable of imaging blood perfusion, oxygenation, and flow simultaneously at the microscopic level, multi-parametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has quickly emerged as a powerful tool for studying hemodynamic and metabolic changes due to physiological stimulations or pathological processes. However, the low scanning speed poised by the correlation-based blood flow measurement impedes its application in studying rapid microvascular responses. To address this challenge, we have developed a new, to the best of our knowledge, multi-parametric PAM system. By extending the optical scanning range with a cylindrically focused ultrasonic transducer (focal zone,

76

µ

m

×

4.5

m
m

) for simultaneous acquisition of 500 B-scans, the new system is 112 times faster than our previous multi-parametric system that uses a spherically focused transducer (focal diameter, 40 µm) and enables high-resolution imaging of blood perfusion, oxygenation, and flow over an area of

4.5

×

1

m
m

2

at a frame rate of 1 Hz. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this system in the living mouse ear. Further development of this system into reflection mode will enable real-time cortex-wide imaging of hemodynamics and metabolism in the mouse brain.
Point-of-care testing (POCT) and IT security concepts
Authors: Johannis Wibke , Bietenbeck Andreas , Malchau Gebhart , Streichert Thomas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) has been an essential service in hospitals for many years with a main focus on reliability, classical laboratory quality criteria and easy handling. Hospital information technology (IT) security regulations, however, have not yet been adapted to the specificities of POCT. Following the POCT Symposium in Munich, the “1st Round Table POCT-IT-Security Meeting” held in October 2019 in Cologne addressed these issues and managed to establish first consensus results in the essential fields of user, data and update management, as well as network connections and user-friendliness. First practical steps include optimizing the user management by connection to a directory service and definition of access control (including emergency authorization). Patient data economy on analyzers in combination with data and data transmission encryption as well as technically secure communication protocols are relevant steps in the fields of data management and network connections. An update management needs to be contractually defined for remote services and generally includes testing in a protocol-based scenario. Providing an organizational structure for POCT-IT security is a necessary prerequisite, as are continuous training and awareness for this topic with a strong focus on usability.
(Non)finiteness, constructions and participles in Lithuanian
Authors: Arkadiev Peter M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article offers an analysis of the morphosyntactic properties of Lithuanian participles in terms of the criteria of “canonical” finiteness proposed by (Nikolaeva, Irina. 2013. Unpacking finiteness. In Dunstan Brown, Marina Chumakina & Greville G. Corbett (eds.),Canonical morphology and syntax, 99–122. Oxford: Oxford University Press.). It is shown that in their different uses, i. e., as heads of two types of evidential clauses, as predicates in complement, adverbial and attributive clauses and as lexical verbs in periphrastic constructions, Lithuanian participles show considerably different combinations of finite and nonfinite characteristics and hence cannot be unequivocally treated as nonfinite. It is argued that it is the individual constructions where the participles occur that determine their morphosyntactic features and that the very notion of (non)finiteness is composite and largely derivative.
Hungry for charge – how a beryllium scorpionate complex “eats” a weakly coordinating anion
Authors: Naglav-Hansen Dominik , Dzialkowski Kevin , Tobey Briac , Wölper Christoph , Jansen Georg , Schulz Stephan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present the reaction of a tris(pyrazolyl) beryllium scorpionate (TpBe) complex with a weakly coordinating anion (WCA), which yields the heteroleptic complex TpBeOC(CF3)3
1 (TpBeOR
F). The product 1 has been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 9Be, 13C) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (scXRD). Quantum chemical calculations (DFT, NPA, LOL) were performed to study the bonding nature in 1.
Investigation to Quantify Suction Characteristics of Marine Soil during Drying and Wetting Cycles
Authors: Wanare Ram , Shetty Rakshith , Jayanthi Prathyusha N. V. , Singh D. N. , Iyer Kannan K. R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The water retention characteristics of soil play a significant role in controlling its behavior (viz., strength, volume change, and cracking characteristics) during drying and wetting. In the case of marine soils, the water retention characteristics during drying and wetting cycles depend on both matric suction and osmotic suction. Studies by earlier researchers have mainly focused on soils with low osmotic suction and are applicable to higher degrees of saturation. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies that quantify the hysteresis associated with drying and wetting cycles for marine soils. In this context, the present work attempts the estimation of osmotic suction for marine soil by the experimental measurement of total and matric suction at different stages of drying and wetting by employing Dewpoint PotentiaMeter (WP4C). The study also evaluates hysteresis associated with matric, osmotic, and total suction. It has been observed from the study that osmotic suction has a significant influence on water retention characteristics of marine soils and attains a threshold value for a relatively dry state of the specimen. Furthermore, the hysteresis associated with matric suction is observed to be quite reproducible for different specimens, whereas for osmotic suction, some deviation is observed. The study presents the methodology for experimental quantification of osmotic suction, which would be quite useful in understanding the water retention behavior of marine soils in a more scientific way. It is opined that the findings of the study would be useful for understanding the influence of osmotic suction on marine soil behavior with respect to desiccation cracking during drying and time rate of settlement.
Neonatal Injury Evokes Persistent Deficits in Dynorphin Inhibitory Circuits within the Adult Mouse Superficial Dorsal Horn
Authors: Brewer Chelsie L. , Li Jie , O'Conor Keith , Serafin Elizabeth K. , Baccei Mark L. 
Published: April 2020

Neonatal tissue damage induces long-term deficits in inhibitory synaptic transmission within the spinal superficial dorsal horn (SDH) that include a reduction in primary afferent-evoked, feedforward inhibition onto adult projection neurons. However, the subpopulations of mature GABAergic interneurons which are compromised by early-life injury have yet to be identified. The present research illuminates the persistent effects of neonatal surgical injury on the function of inhibitory SDH interneurons derived from the prodynorphin (DYN) lineage, a population that synapses directly onto lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons and is known to suppress mechanical pain and itch in adults. The results demonstrate that hindpaw incision at postnatal day 3 (P3) significantly decreased the strength of primary afferent-evoked glutamatergic drive onto DYN neurons within the adult mouse SDH while increasing the appearance of afferent-evoked inhibition onto the same population. Neonatal injury also dampened the intrinsic membrane excitability of mature DYN neurons, and reduced their action potential discharge in response to sensory input, compared with naive littermate controls. Furthermore, P3 incision decreased the efficacy of inhibitory DYN synapses onto adult spinoparabrachial neurons, which reflected a prolonged reduction in the probability of GABA release. Collectively, the data suggest that early-life tissue damage may persistently constrain the ability of spinal DYN interneurons to limit ascending nociceptive transmission to the adult brain. This is predicted to contribute to the loss of feedforward inhibition onto mature projection neurons, and the “priming” of nociceptive circuits in the developing spinal cord, following injuries during the neonatal period.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeonatal injury has lasting effects on pain processing in the adult CNS, including a reduction in feedforward inhibition onto ascending projection neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. While it is clear that spinal GABAergic interneurons are comprised of multiple subpopulations that play distinct roles in somatosensation, the identity of those interneurons which are compromised by tissue damage during early life remains unknown. Here we document persistent deficits in spinal inhibitory circuits involving dynorphin-lineage interneurons previously implicated in gating mechanical pain and itch. Notably, neonatal injury reduced the strength of dynorphin-lineage inhibitory synapses onto mature lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons, a major output of the spinal nociceptive network, which could contribute to the priming of pain pathways by early tissue damage.
Ependymal Vps35 Promotes Ependymal Cell Differentiation and Survival, Suppresses Microglial Activation, and Prevents Neonatal Hydrocephalus
Authors: Wu Kong-yan , Tang Fu-lei , Lee Daehoon , Zhao Yang , Song Hyunjin , Zhu Xiao-Juan , Mei Lin , Xiong Wen-Cheng 
Published: April 2020

Hydrocephalus is a pathologic condition associated with various brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysfunctional ependymal cells (EpCs) are believed to contribute to the development of hydrocephalus. It is thus of interest to investigate EpCs' development and function. Here, we report that vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35) is critical for EpC differentiation, ciliogenesis, and survival, and thus preventing neonatal hydrocephalus. VPS35 is abundantly expressed in EpCs. Mice with conditional knock-out (cKO) of Vps35 in embryonic (Vps35GFAP-Creand Vps35Emx1-Cre) or postnatal (Vps35Foxj1-CreER) EpC progenitors exhibit enlarged lateral ventricles (LVs) and hydrocephalus-like pathology. Further studies reveal marked reductions in EpCs and their cilia in both Vps35GFAP-Creand Vps35Foxj1-CreERmutant mice. The reduced EpCs appear to be due to impairments in EpC differentiation and survival. Additionally, both Vps35GFAP-Creand Vps35Foxj1-CreERneonatal pups exhibit increased cell proliferation and death largely in a region close to LV-EpCs. Many microglia close to the mutant LV-EpC region become activated. Depletion of the microglia by PLX3397, an antagonist of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), restores LV-EpCs and diminishes the pathology of neonatal hydrocephalus in Vps35Foxj1-CreERmice. Taken together, these observations suggest unrecognized functions of Vps35 in EpC differentiation, ciliogenesis, and survival in neonatal LV, and reveal pathologic roles of locally activated microglia in EpC homeostasis and hydrocephalus development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study reports critical functions of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35) not only in promoting ependymal cell (EpC) differentiation, ciliogenesis, and survival, but also in preventing local microglial activation. The dysfunctional EpCs and activated microglia are likely to induce hydrocephalus.
Equilíbrio Estático/Dinâmico em Crianças com Baixa Visão
Authors: França Mosquera Carlos Fernando , Da Costa Souza Suellen , Cordeiro de Souza William , E Silva Goyos Nascimento Anne Caroline , Schlesener Anita Helena 
Published: April 2020

Na literatura da área da deficiência visual (DV) ainda não há consenso sobre os motivos dos desequilíbrios nos deslocamentos internos e externos de pessoas com DV, com ou sem bengala. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de crianças com DV (baixa visão e cegueira) com crianças que não apresentam DV. O presente estudo caracterizado como descritivo transversal foi composto por 16 crianças com DV (Grupo Experimental/GE) e 26 crianças sem a DV (Grupo Controle/GC), todos com idades entre seis a 14 anos. Para avaliar o equilíbrio foi a Escala de Equilíbrio Pediátrica (EPP), que é composta de 14 itens, com pontuação para cada teste de zero a quatro, sendo a pontuação 4 para o melhor equilíbrio. Não foram encontrados valores significativos nas variáveis de idade, massa corporal, estatura e IMC entre os grupos avaliados. Tal fato também ocorreu na avaliação do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico. Não se observou diferenças significativas na avaliação do equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de ambos os grupos. Sendo assim, não se pode afirmar que a BV, provoca baixo equilíbrio.
Dampak Covid-19 pada Pendidikan di Indonesia: Sekolah, Keterampilan, dan Proses Pembelajaran
Authors: Syah Rizqon H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe temporary closure of all educational institutions as an effort to prevent the spread of an outbreak of Covid-19 worldwide has an impact on millions of students, including in Indonesia. Disturbances in the teaching and learning process directly between teacher and students as well as the termination of the assessment of learning have an impact on the psychological of students, causing a decrease in the quality of skills. This burden is the responsibility of all elements of education, in particular the government, in facilitating the continuity of schools for all stakeholders in education to conduct distance education. How should Indonesia plan, prepare for and overcome co-recovery 19, to reduce the loss of education in the future.Keywords: Covid-19, school, Stakeholders, Indonesia AbstrakPenutupan sementara lembaga pendidikan sebagai upaya menahan penyebaran pendemi covid-19 di seluruh dunia berdampak pada jutaan pelajar, tidak kecuali di Indonesia. Gangguan dalam proses belajar langsung antara siswa dan guru dan pembatalan penilaian belajar berdampak pada psikologis anak didik dan menurunnya kualitas keterampilan murid. Beban itu merupakan tanggung jawab semua elemen pendidikan khususnya negara dalam memfasilitasi kelangsungan sekolah bagi semua steakholders pendidikan guna melakukan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Bagaimana mestinya Indonesia merencanakan, mempersiapkan, dan mengatasi pemulihan covid 19, untuk menekan kerugian dunia pendidikan di masa mendatang.Kata Kunci; covid-19, sekolah, steakhorders pendidikan, Indonesia
Smartphone use motivation and problematic smartphone use in a national representative sample of Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of smartphone use time for various activities
Authors: Meng Haoran , Cao Hongjian , Hao Ruining , Zhou Nan , Liang Yue , Wu Lulu , Jiang Lianjiang , Ma Rongzi , Li Beilei , Deng Linyuan , Lin Zhong , Lin Xiuyun , Zhang Jintao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
Previous studies on smartphone use motivation (SUM) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) have been limited in the utilization of regional samples of emerging adults (e.g., college students) and also in the foci on the direct association between SUM and PSU. To address such gaps, using data from a large, national representative sample of Chinese young adolescents and their parents this study examined the associations between adolescents' various types of SUM and their PSU, and also tested the potential mediating roles of smartphone use time (SUT) that adolescents spent on various activities in such associations.

Methods
A nationwide representative sample of 8,261 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.86 years old, SD = 1.76; 42.6% females) and their parents (49% mothers) participated in this survey study.

Results
Instrumental SUM (i.e., to expand knowledge or acquire information) was associated negatively with PSU via longer SUT spent on learning and shorter SUT spent on entertainment and communication. Self-expression SUM (i.e., to gain acceptance and recognition of others by maintaining or improving self-images) was associated with longer SUT spent on both learning and entertainment, which, in turn, predicted lower and higher levels of PSU, respectively. Last, hedonic SUM (i.e., to gain pleasure) was associated positively with PSU via longer SUT spent on entertainment and communication.

Discussion
These findings contribute to the literature by adding greater specificity in our understanding of the implications of SUM and SUT in the etiology of PSU during the critical life stage of adolescence in a Chinese cultural context.
Parent–adolescent attachment and peer attachment associated with Internet Gaming Disorder: A longitudinal study of first-year undergraduate students
Authors: Teng Zhaojun , Griffiths Mark D , Nie Qian , Xiang Guangcan , Guo Cheng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsGiven that Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has tentatively been included in DSM-5 as a psychiatric disorder, it is important that the effect of parental and peer attachment in the development of IGD is further explored.MethodsUtilizing a longitudinal design, this study investigated the bidirectional association between perceived parent–adolescent attachment, peer attachment, and IGD among 1,054 first-year undergraduate students (58.8% female). The students provided demographic information (e.g., age, gender) and were assessed using the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. Assessments occurred three times, six months apart (October 2017; April 2018; October 2018).ResultsCross-lagged panel models suggested that IGD weakly predicted subsequent mother attachment but significantly negatively predicted father attachment. However, father and mother attachment did not predict subsequent IGD. Moreover, peer attachment had a bidirectional association with IGD. Furthermore, the model also demonstrated stable cross-sectional negative correlations between attachment and IGD across all three assessments.Discussion and conclusionsThe findings of the present study did not show a bidirectional association between parental attachment and IGD, but they did show a negative bidirectional association between peer attachment and IGD. The results suggested previous cross-sectional associations between IGD and attachment, with larger links among males than females at the first measurement point. We found that peer attachment negatively predicted subsequent IGD, which indicates that peer attachment plays an important role in preventing addictive gaming behaviors for university students.
Decreased effective connection from the parahippocampal gyrus to the prefrontal cortex in Internet gaming disorder: A MVPA and spDCM study
Authors: Wang Ziliang , Dong Haohao , Du Xiaoxia , Zhang Jin-Tao , Dong Guang-Heng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is essential for the condition's diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, the pathological mechanisms of IGD remain elusive at present. Hence, we employed multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) to explore this issue.

Methods
Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 103 IGD subjects (male = 57) and 99 well-matched recreational game users (RGUs, male = 51). Regional homogeneity was calculated as the feature for MVPA based on the support vector machine (SVM) with leave-one- out cross-validation. Mean time series data extracted from the brain regions in accordance with the MVPA results were used for further spDCM analysis.

Results
Results display a high accuracy of 82.67% (sensitivity of 83.50% and specificity of 81.82%) in the classification of the two groups. The most discriminative brain regions that contributed to the classification were the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus (PG), right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Significant correlations were found between addiction severity (IAT and DSM scores) and the ReHo values of the brain regions that contributed to the classification. Moreover, the results of spDCM showed that compared with RGU, IGD showed decreased effective connectivity from the left PG to the right MFG and from the right PG to the ACC and decreased self-connection in the right PG.

Conclusions
These results show that the weakening of the PG and its connection with the prefrontal cortex, including the ACC and MFG, may be an underlying mechanism of IGD.