bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informal bilingual teachers’ language practices and the consequences on pupils’ language choices in a situation of unequal bilingualism: The case of an Upper Sorbian education system
Authors: Dołowy-Rybińska Nicole 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates how bilingual Upper Sorbian-German teachers who belong to the Sorbian speech community (Lusatia, Germany) introduce the minority language during German language lessons in an Upper Sorbian school. In Lusatia, as well as in Sorbian schools, bilingualism is not of equal character; minority language speakers are all bilingual while the German language speakers are not encouraged to speak Sorbian. The language policy of Upper Lusatia gives Sorbs the right to use their language in public life in principle but due to the strained Sorbian-German relations, language ideologies, and hostile attitudes towards the use of minority language in the presence of Germans Sorbs do not benefit from it in practice. The school language policy divides Sorbian-speakers from pupils of German-speaking families and keeps the teaching of Sorbian separate for both groups. Only during the last two years of school are all language groups mixed. Based on participant observation of and in-depth interviews with bilingual teachers during lessons with students of the 11th grade in one Upper Sorbian school this article discusses how teachers negotiate top-down language policy in their classrooms and, introduce bilingualism; and how their language choices affect students’ language practices.
Implementation of the Semi Empirical Kinetic Soot Model Within Chemistry Tabulation Framework for Efficient Emissions Predictions in Diesel Engines
Authors: Tvrdojevic Mijo , Vujanovic Milan , Priesching Peter , Tap Ferry A. , Starikov Anton , Goryntsev Dmitry , Gavaises Manolis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Soot prediction for diesel engines is a very important aspect of internal combustion engine emissions research, especially nowadays with very strict emission norms. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is often used in this research and optimisation of CFD models in terms of a trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency is essential. This is especially true in the industrial environment where good predictivity is necessary for engine optimisation, but computational power is limited. To investigate soot emissions for Diesel engines, in this work CFD is coupled with chemistry tabulation framework and semi-empirical soot model. The Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) combustion model precomputes chemistry using detailed calculations of the 0D homogeneous reactor and then stores the species mass fractions in the table, based on six look-up variables: pressure, temperature, mixture fraction, mixture fraction variance, progress variable and progress variable variance. Data is then retrieved during online CFD simulation, enabling fast execution times while keeping the accuracy of the direct chemistry calculation. In this work, the theory behind the model is discussed as well as implementation in commercial CFD code. Also, soot modelling in the framework of tabulated chemistry is investigated: mathematical model and implementation of the kinetic soot model on the tabulation side is described, and 0D simulation results are used for verification. Then, the model is validated using real-life engine geometry under different operating conditions, where better agreement with experimental measurements is achieved, compared to the standard implementation of the kinetic soot model on the CFD side.
The pseudo-limit problem existing in electromagnetic radiation transmission and its mathematical physics principle analysis
Authors: Wang Yibo , Wu Shuyue , Zhang Jinju , Peng Fang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the study of electromagnetic radiation transmission for large airflow layers, it is found that not all electromagnetic waves are capable of forming waveguide propagation, and have a limit value problem. This is because whether electromagnetic waves propagating in the atmosphere can be captured by the atmospheric waveguide generated under specific meteorological conditions into the waveguide layer, depending on the wavelength (frequency) of the electromagnetic wave, the relative position of the emission source and the evaporating waveguide. And parameters such as the emission angle of the source. When the angle of incidence of the sun and the angle of observation are at a horizontal level, the amplitude of the electromagnetic radiation reflection is not unique. From a mathematical point of view, the limit value is not unique or the limit value is discontinuous, which is called the pseudo limit problem. This electromagnetic transmission pseudo-limit problem is a mathematical physics principle that ignores the physical principles implied in electromagnetic radiation. Based on this background, the paper studies the influencing factors of the pseudo-limit problem of electromagnetic transmission in large airflow layer, and analyzes the mathematical physics principle in the pseudo-limit problem by using Snell’s optical law.
Die Förderung der individuellen Altersvorsorge und kollektiven Alters­ver­sor­gung durch Steuervorteile
Authors: Kiesewetter Dirk , Menzel Moritz , Tschinkl Dominik , Weikert Nathalie 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über betriebs­wirt­schaftliche Forschungsbefunde zum Zusammenhang zwischen Besteuerung und Altersvorsorge in Deutschland. Nach konzep­tionellen Ausführungen zu den Möglich­keiten der Besteuerung von Alters­einkünften folgt eine Auseinandersetzung mit der gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung, wobei hier vor allem die aktuell diskutierte Proble­matik einer potentiellen Doppel­besteuerung im Vordergrund steht. Sodann unter­suchen die Autoren die steuerliche Förderung der freiwilligen Alters­vorsorge. Empiri­sche und experimental­ökonomische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass durch steuerliche Regelungen Einfluss auf Vorsorgeentscheidungen genommen werden kann. Außer­dem wird auf die in Deutsch­land staatlich geförderten Vorsorgeformen eingegangen. Im Zusammenhang mit der privaten Vorsorge wird die Literatur zu Riester- und Rürup-Renten dargestellt. Die betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung stellt diesen Vorsorge­möglich­keiten entgegen der teilweise negativen medialen Darstellung ein weitgehend positives Zeugnis aus. Auch die betrieb­liche Altersversorgung ist in der Literatur bereits umfassend untersucht worden. Die Autoren bereiten diese Befunde auf. Aufgrund ihrer Aktualität sind die Änderungen durch das Betriebs­renten­stärkungs­gesetz sowie die Diskussion um den Rechnungszins des § 6a EStG von besonderem Interesse.
Bubbly flow in degassing cyclones and potential applications
Authors: Xu Xiao , Lu Hao , Yang Qiang , He Fengqin , Liu Honglai , Wang Hualin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A degassing cyclone is a separator that is widely used for the removal of bubbles and dissolved gas from liquids. Gas bubbles move toward the swirling center region in a degassing cyclone due to centrifugal force. The dissolved gas is desorbed due to a decrease in the saturated solubility resulting from the pressure gradient in the degassing cyclone. Additional carrier gas bubbles with lower partial pressure lead to mass transfer at the turbulent bubble interface. The final state of the dissolved gas and carrier gas bubble in degassing cyclones is an important issue that can be used to develop a theoretical foundation for green separation engineering. The feasible development of this technology and potential applications are discussed in this work.
Experience- and Sex-Dependent Intrinsic Plasticity in the Zebra Finch Auditory Cortex during Song Memorization
Authors: Chen Andrew N. , Meliza C. Daniel 
Published: January 2020

For vocal communicators like humans and songbirds, survival and reproduction depend on highly developed auditory processing systems that can detect and differentiate nuanced differences in vocalizations, even amid noisy environments. Early auditory experience is critical to the development of these systems. In zebra finches and other songbirds, there is a sensitive period when young birds memorize a song that will serve as a model for their own vocal production. In addition to learning a specific tutor's song, the auditory system may also undergo critical developmental processes that support auditory perception of vocalizations more generally. Here, we investigate changes in intrinsic spiking dynamics among neurons in the caudal mesopallium, a cortical-level auditory area implicated in discriminating and learning species-specific vocalizations. A subset of neurons in this area only fire transiently at the onset of current injections (i.e., phasic firing), a dynamical property that can enhance the reliability and selectivity of neural responses to complex acoustic stimuli. At the beginning of the sensitive period, just after zebra finches have fledged from the nest, there is an increase in the proportion of caudal mesopallium neurons with phasic excitability, and in the proportion of neurons expressing Kv1.1, a low-threshold channel that facilitates phasic firing. This plasticity requires exposure to a complex, noisy environment and is greater in males, the only sex that sings in this species. This shift to more phasic dynamics is therefore an experience-dependent adaptation that could facilitate auditory processing in noisy, acoustically complex conditions during a key stage of vocal development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAuditory experience early in life shapes how humans and songbirds perceive the vocal communication sounds produced by their species. However, the changes that occur in the brain as this learning takes place are poorly understood. In this study, we show that in young zebra finches that are just beginning to learn the structure of their species' song, neurons in a key cortical area adapt their intrinsic firing patterns in response to the acoustic environment. In the complex, cocktail-party-like environment of a colony, more neurons adopt transient firing dynamics, which can facilitate neural coding of songs amid such challenging conditions.
THE REPRESSIVE POLICY OF THE POLISH AUTHORITIES AGAINST THE GREEK CATHOLIC CLERGY 1919–1921
Authors: Єгрешій Олег 
Published: January 2020

In the scientific article, the author reveals the attitude of Polish government structures to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic clergy in Galicia in 1919–1921. The author defines the nature of repressions against priests in this region.
On June 22, 1919 many Greek Catholic priests from different parts of Galicia: Anatol Dolyńskii, Ivan Halibei, Mykola Nyklych and others were taken to Lviv prison “Bridgits” without any guilt. Some of the priests founded themselves in a camp for prisoners at Stshalkovo near Poznan. The higher clergy also suffered persecution. In November 1918, in connection with the “separation in political life”, a search was carried out at the premises of the Przemysl bishop Josaphat Kotsylovsky. The polish officer, Karminski, behaved unce- remoniously with the Ukrainian lord Yo. Kotsylovskyi.
The scientific article also notes that the Greek Catholic clergy showed marked activity during the census of the population in September 1921. The general population census of 1921 turned into a peculiar anti- occupational plebiscite.
СAТИРИЧНО-ГУМОРИСТИЧНІ ЧАСОПИСИ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ СІЧОВИХ СТРІЛЬЦІВ (на прикладі перших номерів “Червоної калини”)
Authors: Дружкова Ірина 
Published: January 2020

У статті на основі оприлюднених матеріалів робиться спроба розглянути один з багатьох аспектів діяльності Українських січових стрільців. А саме видання гумористичного часопису “Червоної калини” у 1917 р. Традиції самвидаву, поширені за часів дисиденства в ХХ ст., мали історичне підґрунтя саме в пресі українських січових стрільців. Видання містять різноманітний матеріал не тільки гуморис- тичного чи сатиричного характеру. Є літературні розвідки, поетичні сторінки та політична критика.
Часопис “Червона калина” був виданням стрілецтва, і в першу чергу саме для стрілецтва. Мі- сячник є сторінкою з історії українського народу та його визвольних змагань. До того ж пресу УСС різ- ного часу творили відомі літератори й художники. У цьому часописі добре можна виявити і патріо- тичний дух січових стрільців, і романтичність та ліричність поезії, присвяченої життю. Поезія проти- ставляється гумористичним, а то й сатиричним описам трагічних сторінок історії, що теж є одним із засобів долання перешкод і трагічного досвіду, який пережили вояки.
Minerals of the System Stichtite–Pyroaurite–Iowaite–Woodallite from Serpentinites of the Terekta Ridge (Gorny Altai, Russia)
Authors: Zhitova E.S. , Pekov I.V. , Chukanov N.V. , Yapaskurt V.O. , Bocharov V.N. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
—Hydrotalcite supergroup minerals stichtite, pyroaurite, iowaite, and woodallite form a complex solid-solution system at the Kyzyl-Uyuk locality (Terekta Ridge, Gorny Altai, Russia). The diversity of these minerals is due to: (1) subdivision by anionic interlayer composition into carbonate (stichtite and pyroaurite) and chloride (iowaite and woodallite) species and (2) isomorphism of M3+ cations, mainly between Cr- (stichtite and woodallite) and Fe3+-dominant species (pyroaurite and iowaite), with a quantitative predominance of stichtite and iowaite. Most of the studied samples correspond to stichtite and woodallite with high Fe3+ contents or pyroaurite and iowaite with high Cr3+ contents. According to vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy data, the interlayer Cl– is partially substituted by OH– rather than CO32- groups. We suppose that the presence/absence of a band in the region 1400–1350 cm–1 in the Raman spectra of stichtite can be explained by the local distortion of triangular CO3 groups. Stichtite and iowaite occur here in polytypic modifications 3R and 2H that are the most widespread for the hydrotalcite supergroup iowaite and stichtite is 2:1. For both minerals, the polytype 3R strongly dominates over 2H. The lowest 3R/2H ratio determined for the Terekta iowaite and stichtite is 2:1. The Altai stichtite is close in 3R/2H to the stichtite from Tasmania (Australia) and differs significantly from that in Transvaal samples (South Africa).
Upper and Lower Bounds of Average Elastic Constants of an Anisotropic Polycrystalline Medium: Calculations andA PrioriEstimates
Authors: Peregudov D.V. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract—A general procedure is suggested for calculating the upper (Voigt) and lower (Reuss) bounds of the average elastic constants of an anisotropic medium from crystallographic directions. The elastic tensors of Hooke’s law can be expanded into irreducible representations of the rotation group. The Voigt/Reuss-averaged elastic constants depend on the second and fourth moments of the distribution function rather than on the entire function used for the averaging. In this case, the distribution function depends on one angle, while the elastic constants depend on two variables. The limitations imposed by the probability theory on the moment values are investigated and used to derive general constraints on the Voigt (Reuss) bounds of elastic constants.
Angara–Selenga Imbricate Fan Thrust System
Authors: Akulov N.I. , Mel’nikov A.I. , Akulova V.V. , Rubtsova M.N. , Shtel’makh S.I. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
—We study Late Jurassic thrusting of the Archean craton basement over Jurassic sediments in Siberia, with the Khamar-Daban terrane as a rigid indenter. The study focuses on deformation and secondary mineralization in Archean and Mesozoic rocks along the thrusting front and the large-scale paleotectonic thrust structure. The pioneering results include the inference that the Angara, Posol’skaya, and Tataurovo thrusts are elements of the Angara–Selenga imbricate fan thrust system and a 3D model of its Angara branch. The history of the Angara–Selenga thrust system consists of three main stages: (I) detachment and folding of the basement under the Jurassic basin and low-angle synclinal and anticlinal folding in the sediments in a setting of weak compression; (II) brecciation and mylonization under increasing shear stress that split the Sharyzhalgai basement inlier into several blocks moving in different directions; formation of an imbricate fan system of thrust sheets that shaped up the thrusting front geometry, with a greater amount of thrusting in the front because of the counter-clockwise rotation of the Sharyzhalgai uplift; (III) strike-slip and normal faulting associated with the origin and evolution of the Baikal rift system, which complicated the morphology of the thrust system.
Envejecimiento saludable basado en el fortalecimiento de las capacidades cognitivas y el reforzamiento de prácticas saludables de un grupo de personas adultas mayores
Authors: Arias Jiménez María Stephanie , Gutiérrez Soto Yeiner 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: fortalecer las capacidades cognitivas orientadas a un envejecimiento saludable desde el enfoque de promoción de la salud en un grupo de personas adultas mayores (PAM) adscritas a la Clínica Integrada de Tibás, 2018. Metodología: enfoque mixto, diseño preexperimental basado en una prueba/posprueba con un solo grupo. La población de estudio fueron las PAM adscritas a la Clínica, la muestra fue de 24 participantes, todos voluntarios. Resultados: en la fase diagnóstica, la aplicación del MoCA mostró que los dominios con menores puntajes son los señalados en otras investigaciones como las capacidades cognitivas más afectadas en las PAM. Por otra parte, el Índice de Kazt evidenció que la mayoría del grupo no tiene incapacidad. Respecto a las percepciones sobre el proceso de envejecimiento, se observó que el 80 % de las PAM poseen conocimientos similares a los contemplados para este trabajo; asimismo, un 90 % identifica los mitos y estereotipos de la vejez, además, se lograron identificar varios cambios respecto al inicio del proceso. Conclusiones: las estrategias y técnicas implementadas en el proceso de aprendizaje permitieron que la población se apropiará de los temas, reforzara capacidades cognitivas y adoptara prácticas saludables, esto se aprecia en los cambios reflejados en las evaluaciones ex post. La investigación evidenció que las prácticas saludables y capacidades cognitivas se pueden promover desde líneas de promoción de la salud como lo son la creación de entornos saludables, el desarrollo de habilidades y actitudes personales.
Satisfação com o curso de formação continuada na área de Educação Física desenvolvido pela ESEF/UFPel
Authors: Cardozo Adilson Barbosa , Oliveira Ivan Bremm de , Afonso Mariângela da Rosa 
Published: January 2020

O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a satisfação e a contribuição do curso de Especialização em Educação Física Escolar da ESEF/UFPel para a prática pedagógica dos professores(as) da rede escolar pública e privada de Pelotas/RS. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de cunho qualitativo e descritivo. Participaram do estudo 8 professores(as) que foram acadêmicos(as) no curso edição 2017/2018. Como instrumento de coleta utilizou-se um questionário com escala Likert. Foram encontrados níveis elevados de satisfação nos tópicos referentes ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, relação teoria e prática pedagógica, organização e infraestrutura do curso bem com nas relações pessoais. Nesses tópicos, encontrou-se baixos índices de insatisfação nos itens calendário de eventos, organização dos conteúdos e relação entre aulas teóricas e práticas. Sendo assim, concluímos que a partir da compreensão dos professores/acadêmicos que os mesmos percebem o curso de Especialização em Educação Física Escolar da ESEF/UFPEL como importante no processo de formação continuada e conseqüente qualificação de seu trabalho pedagógico.
Design space visualization for guiding investments in biodegradable and sustainably sourced materials
Authors: Peerless James S. , Sevgen Emre , Edkins Stephen D. , Koeller Jason , Kim Edward , Kim Yoolhee , Gargt Astha , Antono Erin , Ling Julia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn many materials development projects, scientists and research heads make decisions to guide the project direction. For example, scientists may decide which processing steps to use, what elements to include in their material selection, or from what suppliers to source their materials. Research heads may decide whether to invest development effort in reducing the environmental impact or production cost of a material. When making these decisions, it would be helpful to know how those decisions affect the achievable performance of the materials under consideration. Often, these decisions are complicated by trade-offs in performance between competing properties. This paper presents an approach for visualizing and evaluating design spaces, where a design space is defined as the set of possible materials under consideration given specified constraints. This design space visualization approach is applied to two case studies with environmental impact motivations: one in biodegradability for solvents, and the other in sustainable materials sourcing for Li-ion batteries. The results demonstrate how this visualization approach can enable data-driven, quantitative decisions for project direction.
Yerli ve Yabancı Ürünlerin Satın Alma Niyetinde Ekonomik Milliyetçiliğin ve Küresel Bilinçliliğin Etkisi
Authors: DAL Nil Esra , KORKMAZ İlknur 
Published: January 2020

Kültürel çeşitlilik ve coğrafi sınırlamalara rağmen ülkeler, teknoloji, medya, çok uluslu evlilikler ve göç ile birlikte birbirine bağlı hale gelebilmektedir. Küreselleşme ülkeleri birbirine bağımlı hale getirse de, ilk önce ülke çıkarını önemseyen ekonomik milliyetçilik bu bağımlılığı yavaşlatan bir etken olabilecektir. Ancak, kendini dünya toplumunun üyesi olarak gören ve tüm insanlara karşı sorumluluk duygusu hisseden küresel bilinçlilik ise küreselleşmeden beslenebilecektir. Uluslararası pazarda tüketicilerin satın alma niyetlerinde ekonomik milliyetçiliğin ve küresel bilinçliliğin etkisinin araştırılması bu açıdan önemlidir. Bu çalışmada; ekonomik milliyetçiliğin ve küresel bilinçliliğin yerli ve yabancı ürünlerin satın alma niyetindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. İstanbul’da yaşayan tüketicilere çevrimiçi anket ve kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; yerli ürünlerin satın alma niyetinde ekonomik milliyetçiliğin pozitif, küresel bilinçliliğin ise negatif etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Orhaneli İlçesinin Vasküler Bitki Çeşitliliği (Bursa, Türkiye)
Authors: BAĞÇIVAN Gülşah , DAŞKIN Ruziye 
Published: January 2020

Bu
çalışma Bursa ilinin güneyinde bulunan Orhaneli ilçesindeki vasküler bitki
çeşitliliğini kapsamaktadır. Çalışma alanından 47 farklı istasyondan 2100 bitki
örneği toplanmış ve bu örneklerin teşhisi sonunda 82 familya 347 cinse ait 713
takson (485 tür, 157 alt tür, 70 varyete ve 1 melez) tespit edilmiştir. Bu
taksonlardan 14’ü Pteridophyta bölümüne,
699’u Spermatophyta bölümüne ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. 699 taksondan
8’i Pinophytina, 691’i Magnoliophytina alt bölümündedir. 691 taksondan 583’ü
Magnoliopsida, 108’i Liliopsida sınıfındadır. Bitkilerin fitocoğrafik bölgelere
göre dağılımları ve oranları Akdeniz elementi 149 (% 20.9), Avrupa-Sibirya
elementi 89 (% 12.5), İran-Turan elementi 50 (%7) ve çok bölgeli yada bölgesi
bilinmeyenler 425 (% 59.6) şeklindedir. Endemik taksonların tehlike
kategorileri de değerlendirilmiştir. Taksonların Raunkier’in hayat formlarına
göre dağılımları ve oranları 59 (% 8.3)’u Fanerofit, 328 (% 46)’i Hemikriptofit, 78 (%
10.9)’i Kriptofit, 231 (% 32.4)’i Terofit, 13 (%1.8)’ü Kamefit ve 4 (% 0.6)’ü
Epifit olarak bulunmuştur. En fazla takson içeren
familyalar ve takson sayıları sırasıyla, Asteraceae (83), Fabaceae (64), Poaceae (50),
Lamiaceae (45), Brassicaceae (42) ve Caryophyllaceae (41)’dir. En fazla takson içeren cinsler ve takson sayıları
ise Trifolium L. (18), Alyssum L., Galium L., Verbascum L.
(12), Vicia L., Hypericum L. (11), Euphorbia
L. (9) olarak bulunmuştur.