bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environment and host species identity shape gut microbiota diversity in sympatric herbivorous mammals
Authors: Fu Haibo , Zhang Liangzhi , Fan Chao , Liu Chuanfa , Li Wenjing , Cheng Qi , Zhao Xinquan , Jia Shangang , Zhang Yanming 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe previous studies have reported that the mammalian gut microbiota is a physiological consequence; nonetheless, the factors influencing its composition and function remain unclear. In this study, to evaluate the contributions of the host and environment to the gut microbiota, we conducted a sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA and shotgun metagenomic DNA from plateau pikas and yaks, two sympatric herbivorous mammals, and further compared the sequences in summer and winter. The results revealed that both pikas and yaks harboured considerably more distinct communities between summer and winter. We detected the over‐representation of Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria in pikas, and Archaea and Bacteroidetes in yaks. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, associated with energy‐efficient acquisition, significantly enriched in winter. The diversity of the microbial community was determined by the interactive effects between the host and season. Metagenomic analysis revealed that methane‐metabolism‐related pathway of yaks was significantly enriched in summer, while some pathogenic pathways were more abundant in pikas. Both pikas and yaks had a higher capacity for lipid degradation in winter. Pika and yak shared more OTUs when food shortage occurred in winter, and this caused a convergence in gut microbial composition and function. From winter to summer, the network module number increased from one to five in pikas, which was different in yaks. Our study demonstrates that the host is a dominant factor in shaping the microbial communities and that seasonality promotes divergence or convergence based on dietary quality across host species identity.
Transcriptional profiling of the stringent response mutant strain E. coli SR reveals enhanced robustness to large‐scale conditions
Authors: Ziegler Martin , Zieringer Julia , Takors Ralf 
Published: December 2020

SummaryIn large‐scale fed‐batch production processes, microbes are exposed to heterogeneous substrate availability caused by long mixing times. Escherichia coli, the most common industrial host for recombinant protein production, reacts by recurring accumulation of the alarmone ppGpp and energetically wasteful transcriptional strategies. Here, we compare the regulatory responses of the stringent response mutant strain E. coli SR and its parent strain E. coli MG1655 to repeated nutrient starvation in a two‐compartment scale‐down reactor. Our data show that E. coli SR can withstand these stress conditions without a ppGpp‐mediated stress response maintaining fully functional ammonium uptake and biomass formation. Furthermore, E. coli SR exhibited a substantially reduced short‐term transcriptional response compared to E. coli MG1655 (less than half as many differentially expressed genes). E. coli SR proceeded adaptation via more general SOS response pathways by initiating negative regulation of transcription, translation and cell division. Our results show that locally induced stress responses propagating through the bioreactor do not result in cyclical induction and repression of genes in E. coli SR, but in a reduced and coordinated response, which makes it potentially suitable for large‐scale production processes.
Risk factors for cancer‐associated myositis: A large‐scale multicenter cohort study
Authors: Li Yimin , Jia Xiaohui , Sun Xiaolin , Shi Lianjie , Lin Fuan , Gan Yuzhou , Zhang Xuewu , Gao Xiaojuan , Miao Miao , Hong Daojun , Li Yuhui , He Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the risk factors and prognosis of patients with cancer‐associated myositis (CAM).MethodFour hundred and eighty‐seven patients with dermatomyositis (DM), clinical amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) and polymyositis (PM) from 3 clinical centers were enrolled retrospectively in this study. Clinical and laboratory data of CAM and non‐CAM patients were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors of CAM.ResultsOut of the 487 patients with DM/CADM/PM, 7.0% (34/487) of patients were classified as CAM. Older age (53.91 ± 13.32 vs. 48.76 ± 14.34 years), heliotrope rash (61.8% vs. 41.9%), shawl sign (41.2% vs. 22.1%), V sign (58.8% vs. 38.6%) were observed significantly more commonly in patients with CAM than those without CAM (all P < .05). Fever (17.7% vs. 37.8%), arthralgia/arthritis (23.5% vs. 45.7%), interstitial lung disease (ILD, 38.2% vs 68.9%) were significantly less common in the CAM group than the non‐CAM group. Age at onset (odds ratio [OR] 1.036, 95% CI 1.001‐1.072, P = .042), shawl sign (OR 2.748, 95% CI 1.107‐6.822, P = .029), anti‐transition initiation factor (TIF)‐1γ antibody (OR 4.012, 95% CI 1.268‐12.687, P = .018) were identified as the initial risk factors for the onset of CAM, and ILD was identified as a protective factor for CAM (OR 0.292, 95% CI 0.115‐0.739, P = .009). All‐cause mortality was significantly higher in CAM patients compared with non‐CAM patients (P = .001).ConclusionThe mortality of patients with CAM was higher than DM/CADM/PM patients without cancer. Malignancy should be screened in DM/CADM/PM patients especially with risk factors, including older age, shawl sign, anti‐TIF‐1γ antibody, and lack of ILD.
Differences in nutrient mineralisation between native and invasive grazing catfish during the invasion process
Authors: Zandonà Eugenia , Moraes Maíra , Neres‐Lima Vinicius , Dalton Christopher M. , Flecker Alexander S. , Mazzoni Rosana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the highly diverse Rio Ubatiba in Brazil, the native and historically abundant armoured catfish Hypostomus punctatus (Loricariidae) has been declining since the 1990s, concomitantly with the introduction of the non‐native loricariid, Parotocinclus maculicauda. Here, we assess over an 18‐year period the potential impact of the establishment of invasive armoured catfish by examining dietary, tissue and excretion nutrients of these two species and the consequences of species substitution on nutrient remineralisation. To scale these differences up to the ecosystem, we also estimated the total areal excretion of each species over 18 years, pre‐ and post‐introduction of P. maculicauda. Parotocinclus maculicauda had greater tissue %P, while H. punctatus had greater %N and %C. P. maculicauda showed a diet richer in nutrients. It also excreted significantly less mass‐specific NH4–N than the native species, but the two species did not differ in their mass‐specific PO4–P excretion rates. H. punctatus had higher per capita excretion rates for both nutrients, which was expected due to its greater body size. After the introduction of P. maculicauda, areal nutrient excretion dropped, due to the sharp decrease in overall loricariid biomass and the substitution of P. maculicauda, with its lower excretion rate than H. punctatus. These results indicate the two species have different stoichiometric niches and that the invasive P. maculicauda have not replaced the functional role of the native H. punctatus in nutrient mineralisation. This lack of functional replacement was mostly due to the lower biomass of P. maculicauda after the invasion compared to H. punctatus before the invasion. This species substitution can have important consequences at the ecosystem level, potentially altering nutrient cycling in the entire food web. Future studies should further investigate the causes that have led to P. maculicauda invasion and H. punctatus population decreases.
Predictors of occult stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Karjalainen Päivi K. , Gillor Moshe , Dietz Hans Peter 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCauses for occult stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are poorly recognised.AimsTo explore the mechanisms behind occult SUI. We hypothesised that cystocele type affects the risk of occult SUI.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional study on 878 consecutive women assessed at a tertiary urogynaecologic clinic between July 2016 and November 2018. The population of this study consisted of 424 women with urodynamic stress incontinence. Women with previous anti‐incontinence surgery were excluded. All women underwent a standardised interview, clinical examination and urodynamic testing. Translabial ultrasound was used to categorise cystoceles into Green type II (cystocele with open retrovesical angle) and Green type III (cystocele with intact retrovesical angle). We compared women with overt SUI to those with occult SUI (defined as stress incontinence only observed after prolapse reduction) for demographic characteristics, urodynamic findings and functional anatomy. Predictors for occult SUI were identified with a multivariable logistic regression model.ResultsOf 424 women, 362 (85%) had overt, and 62 (15%) occult SUI. There were 136 (32%) women who had a significant cystocele on imaging; 57 (42%) were classified as type II and 79 (58%) as type III. On multivariable regression, age and cystocele type were significantly associated with occult SUI. Odds for occult SUI was 10.9 times higher with type III (cystocele with an intact retrovesical angle) than with type II cystocele (cystocele with an open retrovesical angle; 95% CI 1.3–90.9).ConclusionsCystocele type affects the risk of occult SUI. Type III cystocele (intact retrovesical angle) associates with occult SUI.
Seeing from Below: Scuba Diving and the Regressive Cyborg
Authors: Raycraft Justin 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis article reimagines scuba diving as a form of ethnographic immersion that allows humans to experience life on earth from an underwater perspective. I argue that scuba divers are both posthuman in their cyborgian transcendence of the basic limitations of our species and prehuman in their metaphorical regression into womb‐like oceans, from which all life on earth evolved. I conceptualize divers as (p)reborn humans. Underwater, symbolic modes of human communication devolve to iconic and indexical forms of gesturing that are more in tune with surrounding ecosystems. Scuba diving involves shamanic navigation between lifeworlds, processes that are deeply ritualistic and psychoanalytically significant. Through first‐hand narrative accounts, divers bring new forms of relational knowledge into the public sphere. Bearing in mind the politics of being underwater, I contend that scuba diving can foster a change in how humans apprehend the ocean, from top‐down representation to bottom‐up lived experience. Scuba diving reshapes attention in ways that could inspire collective appreciation for the blue planet that sustains us. Against the backdrop of global environmental change, I call for a shift in the way that humans see and think about the ocean, from above water to below.
Endoxifen: A new, protein kinase C inhibitor to treat acute and mixed mania associated with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Ahmad Ateeq , Sheikh Saifuddin , Khan Mujtaba Ali , Chaturvedi Alok , Patel Piyush , Patel Ronak , Buch Bakul Chandrakant , Anand Rajendra Someshwar , Shah Timirkumar Chandrakant , Vora Vaishal Nareshchandra , Ramasubramanian Vikhram , Rao Satyanarayana , Kumar Narendra , Prasad B. S. V. , Sathianathan Ramanathan , Verma Kamal Kumar , Jhanwar Venu Gopal , Kumar Nand , Shah Sandip , Dalal Pronob Kumar , Sindhu Brahmdeep , Talukdar Payel , Ahmad Imran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesEndoxifen is a protein kinase C inhibitor. The objective of the present phase III study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of endoxifen in treating bipolar I disorder (BPD I) patients.MethodsA multicenter, double‐blind, active‐controlled study was conducted using a daily dose of 8 mg endoxifen compared to 1000 mg divalproex, the current standard treatment, in patients with BPD I acute manic episodes with/without mixed features. The primary endpoint of our study was the mean change in total Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score at day 21.ResultsEndoxifen (n = 116) significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced total YMRS score (from 33.1 to 17.8. A significant (p < 0.001) improvement in Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score was observed for endoxifen (4.8 to 2.5). Early time to remission of the disease was observed with endoxifen compared to divalproex. None of the patients required rescue medication and there was no drug‐associated withdrawals. Changes in Clinical Global Impressions‐Bipolar Disorder and Clinical Global Impression‐Severity of Illness scores showed that treatment with endoxifen was well‐tolerated.ConclusionsEndoxifen at a low daily dose of 8 mg was as efficacious and safe in patients with BPD I acute manic episodes with/without mixed features.
Why would I want to be more self‐compassionate? A qualitative study of the pros and cons to cultivating self‐compassion in individuals with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kelly Allison , Katan Aleece , Sosa Hernandez Linda , Nightingale Bethany , Geller Josie 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveAlthough self‐compassion facilitates eating disorder symptom remission, individuals with eating disorders are fearful of developing it and higher fears of self‐compassion are associated with poorer treatment outcomes. In‐depth exploration of individuals’ pros and cons of behaviour change is generally helpful at resolving ambivalence; however, no research has examined the pros and cons individuals with eating disorders perceive to be associated with developing self‐compassion, limiting our understanding of their personal experiences when confronted with self‐compassion. Given the research suggesting higher resistance to self‐compassion development in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), the present study used qualitative methods to gain a deeper understanding of their perceived pros and cons to self‐compassion.MethodsThirty‐seven women with typical (64%) and atypical (36%) AN signed up for a study on self‐help strategies for daily distress. Upon learning that the intervention would entail cultivating self‐compassion, they identified their perceived pros and cons of developing self‐compassion by typing them out.ResultsThematic analysis was used to extract themes. Three superordinate cons and four superordinate pros of self‐compassion emerged. Perceived cons were as follows: self‐compassion leading to personal shortcomings; apprehension and doubt about the efficacy of self‐compassion; and emotional challenges associated with developing self‐compassion. Perceived pros were as follows: improved health; personal development (e.g., growth, coping); improved outlook; and enhanced social relationships.ConclusionsThese findings reveal the various advantages and disadvantages that women with AN perceive to be associated with developing self‐compassion. Results may help clinicians work more sensitively and effectively when trying to cultivate self‐compassion in patients who have AN.Practitioner points

This research suggests that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) perceive various disadvantages to cultivating self‐compassion, but also certain advantages.

By familiarizing themselves with the pros and cons to self‐compassion identified by individuals with AN, clinicians may be able to more effectively listen to and communicate with their patients about ambivalence about self‐compassion development.

Clinicians may want to listen for and explore concerns in their AN patients that self‐compassion will lead to personal shortcomings, fail to be beneficial, and be emotionally challenging.

Clinicians may want to listen for and help patients elaborate upon their beliefs about how self‐compassion might benefit their outlook, health, personal development, and relationships.
Piloting ‘Clever Kids’: A randomized‐controlled trial assessing feasibility, efficacy, and acceptability of a socioemotional well‐being programme for children with dyslexia
Authors: Boyes Mark E. , Leitão Suze , Claessen Mary , Dzidic Peta , Badcock Nicholas A. , Nayton Mandy 
Published: December 2020

Children with dyslexia are at elevated risk of internalizing (emotional) and externalizing (behavioural) problems. Clever Kids is a nine‐week socioemotional well‐being programme developed specifically for upper primary school children with dyslexia. In a small randomized‐controlled trial, we tested the feasibility, efficacy, and acceptability of the Clever Kids programme.‘Forty children (Mage = 10.45 years, 65% male) with clinically diagnosed dyslexia too part in the study. Children were randomized to either attend Clever Kids (n = 20) or to a wait‐list control condition (n = 20). Coping skills, self‐esteem, resilience, emotion regulation, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms were measured at pre‐programme, post‐programme, and at three‐month follow‐up.Recruitment and retention rates indicate high feasibility for further evaluation of the programme. There was a significant interaction between intervention condition and time for non‐productive coping [F(2, 76) = 4.29, p = 0.017, f2 = 0.11]. Children who attended Clever Kids significantly reduced their use of non‐productive coping strategies, and this was maintained at three‐month follow‐up assessment. For all other outcomes, the interactions between intervention condition and time were non‐significant. The programme appears acceptable to children with dyslexia and their families, but may be improved by further reducing the number of activities involving reading and writing.Clever Kids improved the coping skills of children with dyslexia; however, a larger trial is needed to replicate this finding and investigate whether programme attendance is associated with additional improvements in children’s socioemotional well‐being.
Complications of synthetic mesh inserted for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Morton Simon , Wilczek Yasmine , Harding Christopher 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo provide an update on the literature regarding the management of complications secondary to synthetic mesh placed to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature using a multi‐database structured search within OVID, the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) and Cochrane library databases; using the keywords: urology, incontinence, mesh and surgery.ResultsSeveral million synthetic polypropylene meshes have been inserted into women worldwide to manage SUI. Unfortunately, a significant number of women have now reported life‐changing complications. We found a paucity of studies, heterogeneity of cohorts, poor long‐term follow‐up, and lack of evidence on the effective management of mesh‐related complications.ConclusionsThe contemporary evidence is low‐level and often contradictory, which prevents robust recommendations regarding treatment. A prospective registry will be required to generate meaningful outcome data and help in the complex management of patients who have mesh‐related complications.
A relook at the 8th edition of the AJCC TNM staging system of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: A SEER‐based study
Authors: Xiang Jingzhe , Wang Zhihong , Sun Wei , Zhang Hao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn the 8th edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumour‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging system (TNM‐8), changes have been made regarding anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) compared with the 7th edition (TNM‐7). The major changes are that anaplastic ATC now has the same T stage definitions as differentiated thyroid cancer, and new staging of IVA and IVB is implemented. However, the clinical impact of the new edition for ATC remains unclear due to scarce and conflicting data. In this study, we compared the AJCC TNM‐7 and TNM‐8 in the same group of patients.DesignIn this retrospective study, we included patients who were diagnosed with ATC between 2004 and 2015; data were gathered from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsOverall survival (OS) was evaluated according to T stage and TNM stage according to the 7th and 8th editions. Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank testing was used to analyse OS. The effect of potential predictors was estimated using the Cox regression model.ResultsWe included 669 patients in the study. The median age of the cohort was 70 years. During the follow‐up, 600 (89.7%) patients died, 528 of whom died of thyroid cancer. The TNM‐8 T staging more effectively predicted survival than the 7th edition (proportion of variation explained: 3.53% vs. 1.72%). However, the clinical stage was almost unchanged according to the TNM‐8 (proportion of variation explained: 10.69% vs. 10.73%).ConclusionsThe new T classification is an effective predictor of survival for patients with ATC. The results support the use of T definitions as per those of differentiated thyroid cancer. However, whether lymph node metastasis should be taken into account for defining ATC TNM staging should be reconsidered.
Management and entrepreneurship management mechanism of college students based on support vector machine algorithm
Authors: Wang Chao , Dong Yazhi , Xia Yuejun , Li Guoxu , Martínez Oscar Sanjuán , Crespo Rubén González 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor the employment and entrepreneurship management of college students, the application of big data technology can effectively improve their work efficiency, that is, the support vector machine algorithm is applied to the employment and entrepreneurship management of college students. Based on deep learning technology, the deep neural network is constructed based on SVR and restrictive Boltzmann machine, namely, SVR‐DBN, including theoretical derivation of model architecture, design and selection of model training algorithms, and the modeling steps and flow charts are given, and finally applied to the influence factor analysis. The multiangle comparison proves that the proposed depth model has excellent feature extraction ability and regression prediction. The results show that the algorithm has higher accuracy and has a 26% improvement over traditional algorithms. The research is of great significance to the improvement of the efficiency of employment and entrepreneurship management and the application of support vector machine algorithms.
Donor‐derived cell‐free DNA is associated with cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Authors: Holzhauser Luise , Clerkin Kevin J. , Fujino Takeo , Alenghat Francis J. , Raikhelkar Jayant , Kim Gene , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of donor‐derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) in screening for cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is unknown. We hypothesized that dd‐cfDNA correlates with CAV, markers of inflammation, and angiogenesis in stable heart transplant (HT) recipients.MethodsSixty‐five HT recipients ≥2 years post‐transplant, without recent rejection, were stratified by high (≥0.12%) versus low levels (<0.12%) of dd‐cfDNA. A targeted amplification, next‐generation sequencing assay (AlloSure®; CareDx, Inc.) was used to detect dd‐cfDNA. Peripheral blood inflammatory and angiogenesis markers were assessed using a multiplex immunoassay system (Bioplex®).ResultsOf 65 patients, 58 patients had a known CAV status and were included. Thirty had high levels of dd‐cfDNA (≥0.12%), and 28 had low levels (<0.12%). CAV was present in 63% of patients with high dd‐cfDNA vs. 35% with low dd‐cfDNA (p = .047). Donor‐specific antibodies were present in 25% of patients with high dd‐cfDNA vs. 3.8% in those with low dd‐cfDNA (p = .03). There were no differences in rejection episodes, inflammatory, or angiogenesis markers. Importantly, dd‐cfDNA levels were not different when stratified by time post‐transplant.ConclusionsHigher dd‐cfDNA levels were associated with CAV in stable chronic HT recipients. Further studies are warranted to investigate a possible association between dd‐cfDNA levels and CAV severity and whether dd‐cfDNA can predict CAV progression.