bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destination Hong Kong: The Geopolitics of South Korean Espionage Films in the 1960s
Authors: Lee Sangjoon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As the apparent progeny of Cold War politics in the West, espionage films witnessed unprecedented popularity around the globe in the 1960s. With the success of Dr. No (1962) and Goldfinger (1964)—along with French, Italian, and German copycats—in Asia, film industries in Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea recognized the market potential and embarked on churning out their own James Bond-mimetic espionage films in the late 1960s. Since the regional political sphere has always been multifaceted, however, each country approached genre conventions with its own interpretation. In the US-driven Cold War political, ideological, and economic sphere, developmental states in the region, particularly South Korea and Taiwan, vigorously adopted anti-communist doctrine to guard and uphold their militant dictatorships. Under this political atmosphere in the regional sphere, cultural sectors in each nation-state, including cinema, voluntarily or compulsorily served as an apparatus to strengthen the state’s ideological principles. While the Cold War politics that drive the narrative in the American and European films is conspicuously absent in Hong Kong espionage films, South Korea and Taiwan, on the other hand, explicitly promulgated the ideological principles of their apparent enemies, North Korea and the People’s Republic of China (PRC), in their representative espionage films. This article casts a critical eye over South Korea–initiated inter-Asian coproduction of espionage films produced during the time, with particular reference to South Korea–Hong Kong coproduction of SOS Hong Kong (SOS Hongk’ong) and Special Agent X-7 (Sun’gan ŭn yŏngwŏnhi), both produced and released in 1966.
Doubled Over 007: “Aryu Pondŭ” and Genre-Mixing Comedy in Korea
Authors: Shih Evelyn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper contends that genre mixing in comedy films of the 1960s in South Korea had the potential to interrupt filmic codes, which were increasingly propagandistic following the tightening of film law. The advent of the James Bond films as a global cultural phenomenon stimulated local production of spy films, where the villain was typically North Korean. These films were welcomed by cultural regimes of the time due to their anticommunist orientation, but a small hybrid genre, the “spy comedy,” undermined their absolutism. Based in the vernacular comedy traditions of slapstick film performance, stage comedy, and radio, these “spy comedies” spoofed aspects of both the James Bond franchise and the local action thrillers that imitated Bond. This was often accomplished by overlaying the narrative of a rustic with that of a spy. The comedies reveal a synchronicity between development and urbanization, which displaced large numbers of people, and the othering of North Koreans, which led to spy paranoia about those who were out of place. This paper argues that global genres played a particular role for South Korean comedy in the 1960s: they enabled oblique treatments of sensitive social issues through play. Generic heterogeneity defined comedic films of this era.
The formation of the atrioventricular conduction axis is linked in development to ventricular septation
Authors: Kvasilova Alena , Olejnickova Veronika , Jensen Bjarke , Christoffels Vincent M. , Kolesova Hana , Sedmera David , Gregorovicova Martina 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
During development, the ventricles of mammals and birds acquire a specialized pattern of electrical activation with the formation of the atrioventricular conduction system (AVCS), which coincides with the completion of ventricular septation. We investigated whether AVCS formation coincides with ventricular septation in developing Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis). Comparisons were made with Amazon toadhead turtle (Mesoclemmys heliostemma) with a partial septum only and no AVCS (negative control) and with chicken (Gallus gallus) (septum and AVCS, positive control). Optical mapping of the electrical impulse in the crocodile and chicken showed a similar developmental specialization that coincided with full ventricular septation, whereas in the turtle the ventricular activation remained primitive. Co-localization of neural marker human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) and cardiomyocyte marker anti-myosin heavy chain (MF20) identified the AVCS on top of the ventricular septum in the crocodile and chicken only. AVCS formation is correlated with ventricular septation in both evolution and development.
Spin State Modulation in Cobalt(II) Terpyridine Complexes by Co-Crystallization with 1,3,5-Triiodo-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene
Authors: Kobayashi Fumiya , Iwaya Kyoko , Zenno Hikaru , Nakamura Masaaki , Li Feng , Hayami Shinya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Reversible water molecule-induced spin state inter-conversion for the mononuclear cobalt(II) complex [Co(terpy)2]I2·2H2O (1, terpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) is reported along with its co-crystallization with 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene (TITFB) to yield three types of halogen bonded frameworks, [Co(terpy)2][(TITFB)I2] (2), [Co(terpy)2][(TITFB)2I2] (3) and [Co(terpy)2][(TITFB)4(MeOH)I2] (4) (TITFB = 1,3,5-triiodo-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene). The magnetic properties of 1–4 have been investigated. While 1 exhibits gradual spin crossover (SCO) behavior, de-solvated [Co(terpy)2]I2 (1′) exhibits abrupt SCO behavior (T1/2 = 120 K) attributed to a change in its intermolecular interactions on dehydration. The crystal structures as well as the magnetic properties of 1 and 1′ can be switched reversibly via single-crystal to single-crystal (SCSC) transformations via hydration/dehydration processes. Co-crystallization of [Co(terpy)2]I2 with TITFB resulted in three types of halogen-bonded frameworks (2–4). While 2 exhibits incomplete abrupt spin transition (T1/2 = 56 K), 3 and 4 show incomplete gradual SCO behavior (attributed to stabilization of the LS state). The observed SCO behaviors are in accord with the structural distortions occurring in the respective [Co(terpy)2]2+ cations and resulting from their intermolecular interactions with the surrounding frameworks. These results illustrate the manner by which co-crystallization leading to halogen-bonded co-crystals in the present study can result in spin state modulation in SCO complexes.
The use of music as an arts-based method in migrant health research: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Garry Fran , Murphy Tighe Sylvia , MacFarlane Anne , Phelan Helen 
Published: October 2020

There is increasing recognition that people’s lived experience needs to be incorporated into health decision-making. This has led to rising imperatives for involving the public in health processes, including research. While there have been significant advances in the field, patterns of exclusion still exist in some areas, including migrant participation in health research. Migration and mobility create challenges around social inclusion and this extends to social and cultural practices used in research. There is an emerging body of literature about improving meaningful, participatory spaces for migrants’ involvement in health research using creative tools and techniques that are attuned to cultural diversity. These include the use of arts-based research methods. There is strong evidence for the use of music, particularly singing, as an effective arts-based participatory tool. The goal of this scoping review is to investigate the evidence for the use of music as an arts-based method in migrant health research. Developed by an interdisciplinary team specialising in public and patient involvement; nursing and midwifery; primary health care; and the performing arts, it aims to analyse existing evidence across disciplines that are not usually studied together, identify gaps in current knowledge and use these as a foundation to build effective strategies towards increasing access to and knowledge of participatory, arts-based methods using music in migrant health research. Methods: The protocol for this scoping review follows the guidelines and stages set out in the JBI Reviewer’s Manual (Peters et al., 2017), and by Levac et al, (2010), which build on the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005). This incorporates six stages: 1) Identifying the research question; 2) Identifying relevant studies; 3) Study selection; 4) Charting the data; 5) Collating, summarising, and reporting results; and 6) Consultation.
Good Days, Bad Days: Stock Market Fluctuation and Taxi Tipping Decisions
Authors: Tan Weiqiang , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2020

Using taxicab tipping records in New York City (NYC), we develop a novel measure of real-time utility and quantitatively assess the impact of wealth change on the well-being of individuals based on the core tenet of prospect theory. The baseline estimate suggests that a one-standard-deviation increase in the stock market index is associated with a 0.3% increase in the daily average tipping ratio, which translates to an elasticity estimate of 0.3. The impact is short-lived and in line with the wealth effect interpretation. Consistent with loss aversion, we find that the impact is primarily driven by wealth loss rather than gain. We exploit Global Positioning System and timestamp information and design two difference-in-differences tests to establish causal inference. Exploitation of the characteristics of individual stocks suggests that the effect of wealth change on real-time utility is more pronounced in the stocks of firms with large market capitalization. Finally, our aggregate estimate suggests that annual tip revenue in the NYC taxi industry is associated with stock market fluctuations, ranging from −$17.5 million to $12.9 million. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Influence of acupuncture on the expression of VIP, SP, NKA and NKB, cAMP/cGMP and HE content and treatment of bronchial asthma in rats
Authors: Chen Yujuan , Gao Yanlu , Lu Wenwen , Gao Wei 
Published: October 2020

This research was set up to explore the neural mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of bronchial asthma in rats by detecting the content of substance P(SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neurokinin A(NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine monophosphate ratio (cAMP/cGMP) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining for the pathological changes of lung tissue, in order to Institute Certain Experimental and Theoretical Foundation for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of Bronchial Asthma. For this purpose, fifty healthy adult Wistar male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group A, asthma control group B, asthma acupuncture group C, adrenalectomy (ADX)-asthma group D, adrenalectomy (ADX)-asthma acupuncture group E. Group A was raised with other groups at the same period; Group B was induced asthma by ovalbumin; Group C was induced asthma as Group B and then acupunctured five acupoints (bilateral Feishu, bilateral Fengmen, and Dazhui); Group D was induced asthma after adrenalectomy; group E was treated with acupuncture on the basis of group D. HE staining was performed in the lung tissue of rats from each group, and histopathologic changes were observed. SP, VIP, NKA, NKB in each rat lung tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. cAMP/cGMP was measured with ELISA to speculate the neural mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of bronchial asthma. The results were as: decrease of cAMP/cGMP and VIP and increase of SP, NKA, NKB in the lung tissue are the neural mechanisms of an asthma attack. The increase of cAMP/cGMP and decrease of NKA, NKB, SP and VIP in the lung tissue of group C indicated the improvement of bronchial asthma symptoms. It is possible that the decrease of NKA and NKB, increase of cAMP/cGMP and a slight change of SP and VIP in group E were related to the reduction of glucocorticoid after ADX which influenced the effect of acupuncture. The neural regulation mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of bronchial asthma were related to bronchiectasis caused by stimulation of adrenergic nerve and inhibition of the vagus nerve function by acupuncture, and related to the release of inflammatory mediators.
Neurons of the Ventral Tegmental Area Encode Individual Differences in Motivational “Wanting” for Reward Cues
Authors: Ferguson Lindsay M. , Ahrens Allison M. , Longyear Lauren G. , Aldridge J. Wayne 
Published: October 2020

It has been argued that the dopaminergic system is involved in the attribution of motivational value to reward predictive cues as well as prediction error. To evaluate, dopamine neurons were recorded from male rats performing a Pavlovian approach task containing cues that have both “predictive” and “incentive” properties. All animals learned the predictive nature of the cue (illuminated lever entry into cage), but some also found the cue to be attractive and were motivated toward it (“sign-trackers,” STs). “Goal-trackers” (GTs) predominantly approached the location of reward receptacle. Rats were implanted with tetrodes for neural electrophysiological recordings in the ventral tegmental area. Cells were characterized by spike waveform shape and firing rate. Firing rates and magnitudes of responses in relation to Pavlovian behaviors, cue presentation, and reward delivery were assessed. We identified 103 dopamine and 141 nondopamine neurons. GTs and STs both showed responses to the initial lever presentation (CS1) and lever retraction (CS2). However, higher firing rates were sustained during the lever interaction period only in STs. Further, dopamine cells of STs showed a significantly higher proportion of cells responding to both CS1 and CS2. These are the first results to show that neurons from the VTA encode both predictive and incentive cues, support an important role for dopamine neurons in the attribution of incentive salience to reward-paired cues, and underscore the consequences of potential differences in motivational behavior between individuals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis project serves to determine whether dopamine neurons encode differences in cued approach behaviors and incentive salience. How neurons of the VTA affect signaling through the NAcc and subsequent dopamine release is still not well known. All cues that precede a reward are predictive in nature. Some, however, also have incentive value, in that they elicit approach toward them. We quantified the attribution of incentive salience through cue approach behavior and cue interaction, and the corresponding magnitude of VTA neural firing. We found dopamine neurons of the VTA encode strength of incentive salience of reward cues. This suggests that dopamine neurons specifically in the VTA encode motivation.
The Direction of Time
Authors: Gimsa Andreas 
Published: October 2020

An explanation of the direction of time from the past into the future has not yet been possible. With this publication an explanation is given. In general a connection between time and entropy is assumed. Like time, entropy should have only one direction, it should increase. For this purpose the development of space is described with the classical methods of thermodynamics. Furthermore, a closed and thermally insulated container with different temperature ranges is considered: Even if there is no transport of mass or energy across the system boundaries, there is a temperature equalization. This is interpreted as entropy growth. Furthermore, the concentration equalization in a closed and heat-insulated container with areas of different concentrations is investigated in a similar way.
After these three investigations the explanation for the direction of time can be given. Furthermore, an explanation for the heat flow from "hot" to "cold" as well as for the diffusion flow during concentration equalization is given.
КОЛЛЕКТИВНАЯ ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ПАМЯТЬ: ОСНОВАНИЯ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОНЯТИЯ И РОЛЬ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ
Authors: Корнющенко-Ермолаева Наталия Сергеевна 
Published: October 2020

Актуальность исследования: понятие «коллективная историческая память» вызывает множество разногласий, связанных с его содержанием и употреблением. Статья посвящена проблеме использования концепта «коллективная историческая память» и анализу оснований для его выделения в качестве понятия, которое имеет свое смысловое содержание и существенные признаки. В работе исследовались роль и место концепта в современной культуре. Цель состоит в том, чтобы обосновать смысловое содержание и существенные признаки концепта «коллективная историческая память», показать, что оно может использоваться в качестве самостоятельного понятия. Как смысловой концепт данное понятие не подменяет другие, обладает теоретической и эвристической ценностью. Коллективная историческая память – это ментальная способность социальных групп и нации в процессе коллективного запоминания и забвения символически реконструировать значимые исторические события, придавая им определенную ценностную трактовку. В статье выявлены существенные отличия коллективной исторической памяти от идеологии, определен принцип комплементарности как принцип, описывающий специфику взаимодействия коллективной исторической памяти с исторической наукой, указаны существенные отличия в содержании понятий «историческое сознание» и «коллективная историческая память», обозначены причины, по которым эти понятия не могут выступать как синонимы. Методы: теоретико-методологической основой выступают теории памяти как социокультурного феномена (М. Хальбвакса, П. Нора, П. Рикера, А. Ассман и др.), концепции, посвященные взаимоотношениям коллективной исторической памяти с идеологией, исторической наукой и историческим сознанием (А. Альтюссера, С. Жижека, А.В. Рубцова, Х. Вельцера, Дж. К. Олика и др.). Выводы: обосновывается эвристическая ценность понятия «коллективная историческая память». Раскрываются его смысловое содержание и внутренние противоречия, приводящие к терминологической путанице в социально-философском научном дискурсе. Понятие «коллективная историческая память» обладает теоретической ценностью, поскольку описывает уникальный феномен – фундаментальную способность социальных групп и нации в целом сохранять и реконструировать воспоминания о совместном историческом опыте.
СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МИКРОАНАЛИЗ ГЕНДЕРНОГО НЕРАВЕНСТВА: ВЫЗОВЫ ИНДИВИДУАЛИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Кранзеева Елена Анатольевна 
Published: October 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена вниманием к «новым неравенствам» и их измерениям с точки зрения микросоциологического анализа. Автором отмечено, что структурированная индивидуализация, означающая принцип формирования биографических траекторий, при котором влияние социальных обстоятельств сосуществует с субъектными факторами, может быть применена к гендерным неравенствам. Цель работы – обозначить проявления структурированной индивидуализации через призму гендерных изменений. Методы: сравнительный анализ и анализ статистических данных, которые позволяют выявить зависимость между биографическими траекториями и релевантными структурными факторами. Проявление структурированной индивидуализации рассматривается через дестандартизацию биографий и их дифференциацию. В результате выявлены признаки дестандартизации трудовых и семейных биографий современных женщин. Для России они выражаются в появлении новых гендерных контрактов, изменении брачного поведения и материнства. Материнство в современном российском обществе – результат наследия воздействия советской политики, а также социальных и экономических изменений, наряду с распространением новых направлений родительства и материнства (суррогатное материнство, чайлд-фри, интенсивное или профессиональное материнство). Индивидуализация проявляется неодинаково для мужчин и женщин даже внутри социальных групп. Описанные в статье тенденции дестандартизации биографий не являются исчерпывающими. Новые социальные практики, например изменение срока выхода на пенсию, которые будут еще больше трансформировать трудовые и семейные биографии, также нуждаются в изучении. Индивидуалистический подход, несмотря на его ограничения, может претендовать на роль инструмента социально-структурного анализа современного общества.
Analisis Butir Soal Penilaian Ujian Semester Gasal Mata Pelajaran IPS di MTs Darul Muna Ponorogo
Authors: Muharromah Muhammad Miftah , Humaisi Syafiq 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTFinal Semester Assessment requires a quality question item instrument so that it can guarantee the quality of the tests presented to students. To get quality questions, before the questions are used each item needs to be analyzed first. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the items. The objective to be achieved in the discussion of this thesis is to determine the quality of the items from the Odd Semester Final Assessment in the Social Sciences Subject of MTs Darul Muna Ponorogo. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. In this study, researchers used to measure the quality of the questions by using the validity of the questions, the reliability of the questions, the level of difficulty, the difference power and the distracting function manually by using the Microsoft Excel application. The data collection technique in this study used documentation techniques in the form of questions, question grids, answer keys to questions, and students' answers. Based on the results of the item analysis in terms of validity, reliability, level of difficulty, distinguishing power, and deception function, it can be concluded that the quality of the Odd End Semester Assessment (PAS) items in the Social Sciences subject MTs Darul Muna Ponorogo in the 2019/2020 school year is a problem good enough quality. because those who meet the criteria for good (very good, good, moderate) questions in class VII are 38 out of 50 items (76%), in class VIII there are 44 out of 50 items (88%), class IX totals 35 of 50 items questions (70%) ABSTRAKPenilaian Ujian Akhir membutuhkan instrumen soal yang berkualitas sehingga dapat menjamin kualitas tes yang disajikan kepada siswa. Untuk mendapatkan soal yang berkualitas, sebelum soal digunakan tiap soal perlu dianalisis terlebih dahulu. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan analisis terhadap item-item tersebut. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam pembahasan skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas materi dari Penilaian Akhir Semester Ganjil Mata Pelajaran Ilmu Sosial MTs Darul Muna Ponorogo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti mengukur kualitas soal dengan menggunakan validitas soal, reliabilitas soal, tingkat kesulitan, perbedaan daya dan fungsi distraksi secara manual dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi berupa soal, kisi soal, kunci jawaban soal, dan jawaban siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis butir soal validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda, dan fungsi penipuan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas butir soal Penilaian Akhir Semester Ganjil (PAS) mata pelajaran IPS MTs Darul. Muna Ponorogo pada tahun ajaran 2019/2020 merupakan masalah kualitas yang cukup baik. karena yang memenuhi kriteria baik (sangat baik, baik, sedang) soal di kelas VII sebanyak 38 dari 50 item (76%), di kelas VIII ada 44 dari 50 item (88%), kelas IX berjumlah 35 dari 50 item pertanyaan (70%).