bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review: Treatment for Addictive Disorder in Transplant Patients
Authors: Luchsinger Walter , Zimbrean Paula 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesThe number of patients with substance use disorders in need for organ transplantation is expected to increase. Patients with addictive disorders are considered a higher risk of negative outcomes after organ transplantation due to the impact of substance use upon medical status and adherence with treatment. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the current literature on treatment for addiction transplant candidates and recipients.MethodsWe conducted a literature search within four databases PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for publications dated 1/1/1988 to 12/31/2018.ResultsOut of 3108 articles identified through database screening, 39 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Sixteen studies described addiction treatment in groups over five patients. All the articles included liver transplant patients, with only two studies including patients who needed a kidney or a heart transplant. Nine articles described treatment of alcohol use disorder exclusively, five focused on treatment of opioid use disorders. Although 9 of 16 studies were prospective, the variability of the treatment intervention, outcome measures, and control group when applicable prohibited a meaningful meta‐analysis of the results. Eight articles that described the case reports are analyzed separately.Discussion and ConclusionsPromising treatment options for alcohol use disorder have been reported but more studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and their feasibility. Methadone appears effective for opioid disorder in transplant patients.Scientific SignificanceTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on the treatment of addictive disorders in transplant patients. (Am J Addict 2020;29:445–462)
Global prevalence of asteroid hyalosis and projection of its future burden: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Møller‐Lorentzen Thomas Berner , Eckmann‐Hansen Christina , Faber Carsten , Larsen Michael , Subhi Yousif 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAsteroid hyalosis is defined by the presence of white, snowball‐like non‐crystalline vitreous opacities that move with the vitreous and appear to be anchored to its matrix. Asteroid hyalosis commonly occurs in the absence of other identifiable ocular abnormalities and is usually an incidental finding. The vitreous opacities are usually invisible to the patient and asymptomatic, but asteroid hyalosis can be a significant obstacle to the examination of the fundus. The prevalence increases dramatically with age. The aetiology is unknown. We systematically reviewed the literature for epidemiological data, qualitatively reviewed available studies, conducted meta‐analyses with demographical stratifications, evaluated temporal changes and estimated the future prevalence using forecasting analysis. Nine eligible studies were identified with data on 104 569 individuals. The overall population prevalence of asteroid hyalosis was 0.75% (95% confidence interval: 0.39–1.21%); however, the prevalence was highly age‐dependent, ranging from 0.27% (95% confidence interval 0.12–0.49%) in individuals aged 0–39 years and gradually increasing to 3.07% (95% confidence interval 1.90–4.50%) in individuals aged ≥80 years. Male gender was an additional risk factor (odds ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.32–2.45, p = 0.00017). The estimated global prevalence was 10.7 million subjects in year 1950, which is expected to increase to 41.5 million in year 2020 and 91.2 million in year 2100. The prevalence of asteroid hyalosis is relevant because it impacts the utility of diagnostic strategies, especially screening methods for conditions such as diabetic retinopathy.
Genetic and genomic analyses for predicted methane‐related traits in Japanese Black steers
Authors: Uemoto Yoshinobu , Takeda Masayuki , Ogino Atushi , Kurogi Kazuhito , Ogawa Shinichro , Satoh Masahiro , Terada Fuminori 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and to perform a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for predicted methane‐related traits in Japanese Black steers. The methane production and yield traits were predicted using on‐farm measurable traits, such as dry matter intake and average daily gain. A total of 4,578 Japanese Black steers, which were progenies of 362 sires genotyped with imputed 551,995 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), had phenotypes of predicted methane‐related traits during the total fattening period (52 weeks). For the estimation of genetic parameters, the estimated heritabilities were moderate (ranged from 0.57 to 0.60). In addition, the estimated genetic correlations of methane production traits with most of carcass traits and feed‐efficiency traits were unfavorable, but those of methane yield traits were favorable or low. For the GWAS, no genome‐wide significant SNP was detected, but a total of four quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions that explained more than 5.0% of genetic variance were localized on the genome, and some candidate genes associated with growth and feed‐efficiency traits were located on the regions. Our results suggest that the predicted methane‐related traits are heritable and some QTL regions for the traits are localized on the genome in Japanese Black steers.
Development of an RNA sequencing‐based prognostic gene signature in multiple myeloma
Authors: Zamani‐Ahmadmahmudi Mohamad , Nassiri Seyed Mahdi , Soltaninezhad Fatemeh 
Published: May 2020

SummarySeveral prognostic gene signatures have been developed to predict the clinical outcome in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The most salient disadvantage of the previous signatures is their non‐reproducibility in external datasets. Given the disadvantages and the superiority of RNA sequencing over microarrays in transcriptome profiling to produce more reliable outputs, we sought to develop a reproducible RNA sequencing‐based prognostic gene signature for MM. Genes significantly associated with survival were detected in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) MM RNA sequencing dataset (MMRF‐CoMMpass) (n = 412) through a strict pipeline containing four rigid filters. The reproducibility of the selected genes was checked in an independent dataset (GSE24080), containing 559 newly diagnosed patients with MM. The RNA sequencing‐based prognostic signature was reconstructed based on the final genes in the training dataset (MMRF‐CoMMpass) and externally validated in five independent datasets (i.e. GSE2658, GSE13624, GSE9782, GSE6477 and GSE57317), containing 1461 MM cases. The RNA sequencing‐based signature was reconstructed using finally five reproducible genes: CCT2, CKS1B, PRKDC, NONO and UBE2A. This signature was able to robustly discriminate between low‐ and high‐risk patients in both training and validation datasets (Ps ≤ 0·001). Our signature was also independent of and more powerful than the routine MM prognostic factors (i.e. β2‐microglobulin, albumin, age and sex) (Ps ≤ 0·01). Treatment regimens had no effect on RNA sequencing‐based signature insofar as this signature succeeded in predicting the clinical outcome in various treatment groups (Ps ≤ 0·001).
Transvesical robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: initial experience and surgical outcomes
Authors: Zhou Xiaochen , Fu Bin , Zhang Cheng , Liu Weipeng , Guo Ju , Chen Luyao , Lei Enjun , Zhang Xu , Wang Gongxian 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo describe in detail the techniques for transvesical robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using the da Vinci Si/Xi system (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and to evaluate functional and oncological outcomes in 35 patients with prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsThirty‐five patients with localized prostate cancer were enrolled for transvesical RARP. The patients' preoperative data (mean ± sd age 63.4 ± 8.1 years, body mass index 28.6 ± 5.3 kg/m2, total prostate‐specific antigen 10.8 ± 4.9 ng/mL and prostate volume 30.6 ± 14.4 mL, and median [interquartile range {IQR}] biopsy Gleason score 6 [6–7], and International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]‐5 score 18 [16–20]) were collected. Preoperative assessment revealed 28 cases of cT2a and seven cases of cT2b disease. All patients were continent preoperatively (defined as no pad required or one dry pad per day as a precaution). Surgical results and peri‐operative complications were assessed. All patients were followed up for at least 12 months postoperatively.ResultsThe mean operating time was 150 ± 35 min. Estimated blood loss was 100 ± 45 mL. Urinary infection was noted in one patient and managed with levofloxacin. Another patient complained of nocturia on postoperative day 14, which was relieved with solifenacin succinate. Urethral catheters were removed on postoperative day 7. Thirty‐two patients achieved immediate urinary continence, with three patients returning to full continence on postoperative day 14. Postoperative pathology confirmed 24 pT2a cases, nine pT2b cases and two pT2c cases (median [IQR] Gleason score 6 [6–7]). Positive surgical margins were found in four patients (11.4%). No urethral stricture or urinary leakage was noted on urethrocystography taken 3 months after surgery. Urodynamic studies were performed preoperatively and 6 months after surgery: median (IQR) maximum urinary flow 12.2 (10.2–14.9) vs 13.7 (10.1–15.0) mL/s; bladder capacity 385.3 (351.3–410.2) vs 370.2 (330.1–395.4) mL; and voiding phase detrusor contractility 38.5 (27.8–42.3) vs 35.6 (28.3–41.3) mmH2O, respectively. During a minimum of 12 months of follow‐up, no biochemical recurrence was noted in any patient. The median (IQR) IIEF‐5 score was 17 (16–19).ConclusionsThe transvesical approach is a valid alternative to RARP in selected patients, providing promising postoperative urinary continence. Long‐term functional and oncological results require further investigation.
Constraining recycled detritus in quartz‐rich sandstones: Insights from a multi‐proxy provenance study of the Mid‐Carboniferous, Clare Basin, western Ireland
Authors: Nauton‐Fourteu Martin , Tyrrell Shane , Morton Andrew , Mark Chris , O’Sullivan Gary J. , Chew David M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuartz‐rich sandstones can be produced through multiple sedimentary processes, potentially acting in combination, such as extensive sedimentary recycling or intense chemical weathering. Determining the provenance of such sedimentary rocks can be challenging due to low amounts of accessory minerals, the fact that the primary mineralogy may have been altered during transport, storage or burial and difficulties in the recognition of polycyclic components. This study uses zircon and apatite U‐Pb geochronology, apatite trace elements, zircon‐tourmaline‐rutile indices and petrographic observations to investigate the sedimentary history of mineralogically mature mid‐Carboniferous sandstones of the Tullig Cyclothem, Clare Basin, western Ireland. The provenance data show that the sandstones have been dominantly and ultimately sourced from three basement terranes: older Laurentian‐ associated rocks (ca. 900–2500 Ma) which lay to the north of the basin, peri‐Gondwanan terranes (ca. 500–700 Ma) to the south and igneous intrusive rocks associated with the Caledonian Orogenic Cycle (ca. 380–500 Ma). However, the multi‐proxy approach also helps constrain the sedimentary history and suggests that not all grain populations were derived directly from their original source. Grains with a Laurentian or a Caledonian affinity have likely been recycled through Devonian basins to the south. Grains with a peri‐Gondwanan affinity appear to be first cycle and are potentially derived from south/southwest of the basin. Taken as a whole, these data are consistent with input into the basin from the south and southwest, with the reworking of older sedimentary rocks, rather than intensive first‐cycle chemical weathering, likely explaining the compositional maturity of the sandstones. This study highlights the need for a multi‐proxy provenance approach to constrain sedimentary recycling, particularly in compositionally mature sandstones, as the use of zircon geochronology alone would have led to erroneous provenance interpretations. Zircon, together with U‐Pb geochronology from more labile phases such as apatite, can help distinguish first‐cycle versus polycyclic detritus.
Exosome‐mediated effects and applications in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ocansey Dickson K. W. , Zhang Li , Wang Yifei , Yan Yongmin , Qian Hui , Zhang Xu , Xu Wenrong , Mao Fei 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTGut mucosal barriers, including chemical and physical barriers, spatially separate the gut microbiota from the host immune system to prevent unwanted immune responses that could lead to intestinal inflammation. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there is mucosal barrier dysfunction coupled with immune dysregulation and dysbiosis. The discovery of exosomes as regulators of vital functions in both physiological and pathological processes has generated much research interest. Interestingly, exosomes not only serve as natural nanocarriers for the delivery of functional RNAs, proteins, and synthetic drugs or molecules, but also show potential for clinical applications in tissue repair and regeneration as well as disease diagnosis and prognosis. Biological or chemical modification of exosomes can broaden, change and enhance their therapeutic capability. We review the modulatory effects of exosomal proteins, RNAs and lipids on IBD components such as immune cells, the gut microbiota and the intestinal mucosal barrier. Mechanisms involved in regulating these factors towards attenuating IBD have been explored in several studies employing exosomes derived from different sources. We discuss the potential utility of exosomes as diagnostic markers and drug delivery systems, as well as the application of modified exosomes in IBD.
Common cancer biomarkers of breast and ovarian types identified through artificial intelligence
Authors: Pawar Shrikant , Liew Tuck Onn , Stanam Aditya , Lahiri Chandrajit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBiomarkers can offer great promise for improving prevention and treatment of complex diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. These can be used as either diagnostic or predictive or as prognostic biomarkers. The revolution brought about in biological big data analytics by artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to identify a broader range of genetic differences and support the generation of more robust biomarkers in medicine. AI is invigorating biomarker research on various fronts, right from the cataloguing of key mutations driving the complex diseases like cancer to the elucidation of molecular networks underlying diseases. In this study, we have explored the potential of AI through machine learning approaches to propose that these methods can act as recommendation systems to sort and prioritize important genes and finally predict the presence of specific biomarkers. Essentially, we have utilized microarray datasets from open‐source databases, like GEO, for breast, lung, colon, and ovarian cancer. In this context, different clustering analyses like hierarchical and k‐means along with random forest algorithm have been utilized to classify important genes from a pool of several thousand genes. To this end, network centrality and pathway analysis have been implemented to identify the most potential target as CREB1.
The Unfinished Lampposts: The (anti‐) Politics of the Amsterdam Smart Lighting Project
Authors: Zandbergen Dorien 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSmart city projects across the world are invested with the ideal that smart technological innovation smoothly negotiates the objectives, interests, and moral orientations of many different stakeholders. This article explores the politics of this ideal of “smart seamlessness” by taking a close look at the unfolding of the Amsterdam Smart Lighting project undertaken by a consortium of civic, academic, and corporate partners at a square in Amsterdam Southeast. This project envisioned the “smartening up” of lampposts on the square by making them real‐time adaptive to local conditions. As these plans were only partially realized due to a multitude of institutional, cultural, and material frictions, the materiality of the perpetually “unfinished smart lampposts” was subject to a constant interplay of shifting understandings regarding their social, political, and technological significance. Whereas the formal narrative of the project suggests this process of meaning‐making to be fully inclusive, producing “learnings” for all participants, the article contrasts this strategic and explicit inclusivity with the implicit “action orientation” (Haughton et al. 2013) of the project. While the Smart Lighting project’s narrative explicitly gestures toward open and inclusive innovation, it produced more implicit and subtle markers of exclusion that alienated those participants unfamiliar with the jargon, style, and pace of market‐oriented forms of spatial development.
Rethinking assessment of success of mitigation strategies for elephant‐induced crop damage
Authors: Denninger Snyder Kristen , Rentsch Dennis 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCrop damage is the most common impact of negative interactions between people and elephants and poses a significant threat to rural livelihoods and conservation efforts. Numerous approaches to mitigate and prevent crop damage have been implemented throughout Africa and Asia. Despite the documented high efficacy of many approaches, losses remain common, and in many areas, damage is intensifying. We examined the literature on effectiveness of crop‐damage‐mitigation strategies and identified key gaps in evaluations. We determined there is a need to better understand existing solutions within affected communities and to extend evaluations of effectiveness beyond measurement of efficacy to include rates of and barriers to adoption. We devised a conceptual framework for evaluating effectiveness that incorporates the need for increased emphasis on adoption and can be used to inform the design of future crop‐damage mitigation assessments for elephants and conflict species more widely. The ability to prevent crop loss in practice is affected by both the efficacy of a given approach and rates of uptake among target users. We identified the primary factors that influence uptake as local attitudes, sustainability, and scalability and examined each of these factors in detail. We argue that even moderately efficacious interventions may make significant progress in preventing damage if widely employed and recommend that wherever possible scientists and practitioners engage with communities to build on and strengthen existing solutions and expertise. When new approaches are required, they should align with local attitudes and fit within limitations on labor, financial requirements, and technical capacity.
Wildlife impacts and vulnerable livelihoods in a transfrontier conservation landscape
Authors: Salerno Jonathan , Bailey Karen , Gaughan Andrea E. , Stevens Forrest R. , Hilton Tom , Cassidy Lin , Drake Michael D. , Pricope Narcisa G. , Hartter Joel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInteractions between humans and wildlife resulting in negative impacts are among the most pressing conservation challenges globally. In regions of smallholder livestock and crop production, interactions with wildlife can compromise human well‐being and motivate negative sentiment and retaliation toward wildlife, undermining conservation goals. Although impacts may be unavoidable when human and wildlife land use overlap, scant large‐scale human data exist quantifying the direct costs of wildlife to livelihoods. In a landscape of global importance for wildlife conservation in southern Africa, we quantified costs for people living with wildlife through a fundamental measure of human well‐being, food security, and we tested whether existing livelihood strategies buffer certain households against crop depredation by wildlife, predominantly elephants. To do this, we estimated Bayesian multilevel statistical models based on multicounty household data (n = 711) and interpreted model results in the context of spatial data from participatory land‐use mapping. Reported crop depredation by wildlife was widespread. Over half of the sample households were affected and household food security was reduced significantly (odds ratio 0.37 [0.22, 0.63]). The most food insecure households relied on gathered food sources and welfare programs. In the event of crop depredation by wildlife, these 2 livelihood sources buffered or reduced harmful effects of depredation. The presence of buffering strategies suggests a targeted compensation strategy could benefit the region's most vulnerable people. Such strategies should be combined with dynamic and spatially explicit land‐use planning that may reduce the frequency of negative human–wildlife impacts. Quantifying and mitigating the human costs from wildlife are necessary steps in working toward human–wildlife coexistence.
Rapidly assessing cobenefits to advance threat‐management alliances
Authors: Rees Matthew W. , Carwardine Josie , Reeson Andrew , Firn Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConservation strategies aimed at reducing threats to biodiversity can have significant implications for multiple sectors in a socioeconomic system, but these cobenefits are often poorly understood. For example, many of the threats to native species also impede agricultural production, yet agriculture is typically perceived as in competition with conservation objectives. Although a comprehensive, multiobjective decision analysis is usually beyond the scope and capacity of conservation decision makers, failing to incorporate key socioeconomic costs and benefits into conservation decision‐making processes can result in missed opportunities for diversifying outcomes and creating cost‐sharing multisectoral partnerships. We devised a straightforward and readily interpretable approach to incorporate cobenefits into a threat‐management prioritization approach. We used it to analyze the agricultural cobenefits of implementing 9 invasive animal management strategies designed to ensure the persistence of 148 threatened species across Australia's Lake Eyre Basin over 50 years. A structured elicitation process with 24 participants (scientists, land managers, agriculturalists, and other stakeholders) was used to collect information on each strategy, including costs, technical and social feasibility, benefits to native threatened species, and cobenefits to agricultural production systems. The costs of targeted invasive animal management to save threatened species across the basin (AU$33 million/year) outweighed the overall benefits to the agricultural industry (estimated AU$226 million/year). The return on investment for these management strategies varied substantially when agricultural cobenefits were considered alongside threatened species benefits and showed synergies and challenges. Our approach demonstrates the value of incorporating cobenefits of conservation actions into cost‐effectiveness analyses to guide potential investment and partnerships and to diversify implementation pathways.