bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MPT‐embedding: An unsupervised representation learning of code for software defect prediction
Authors: Shi Ke , Lu Yang , Liu Guangliang , Wei Zhenchun , Chang Jingfei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoftware project defect prediction can help developers allocate debugging resources. Existing software defect prediction models are usually based on machine learning methods, especially deep learning. Deep learning‐based methods tend to build end‐to‐end models that directly use source code‐based abstract syntax trees (ASTs) as input. They do not pay enough attention to the front‐end data representation. In this paper, we propose a new framework to represent source code called multiperspective tree embedding (MPT‐embedding), which is an unsupervised representation learning method. MPT‐embedding parses the nodes of ASTs from multiple perspectives and encodes the structural information of a tree into a vector sequence. Experiments on both cross‐project defect prediction (CPDP) and within‐project defect prediction (WPDP) show that, on average, MPT‐embedding provides improvements over the state‐of‐the‐art method.
Software fault prediction using Whale algorithm with genetics algorithm
Authors: Alsghaier Hiba , Akour Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSoftware fault prediction became an essential research area in the last few years, there are many prediction and optimization techniques that have been developed for fault prediction. In this paper, an approach is developed by integrating genetics algorithm with support vector machine (SVM) classifier and Whale optimization algorithm for software fault prediction. The developed approach is applied to 24 datasets (12‐NASA MDP and 12‐Java open‐source projects), where NASA MDP is considered as a large‐scale dataset, and Java open source projects are considered as a small‐scale dataset. Results indicate that integrating Genetics algorithm with SVM and Whale algorithm improves the performance of the software fault prediction process when it is applied to large‐scale and small‐scale datasets and overcome the limitations that appeared in the previous studies.
Review of Chemical Reactivity of Singlet Oxygen with Organic Fuels and Contaminants
Authors: Al‐Nu'airat Jomana , Oluwoye Ibukun , Zeinali Nassim , Altarawneh Mohammednoor , Dlugogorski Bogdan Z. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSinglet oxygen represents a form of reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by electronic excitation of molecular triplet oxygen. In general, highly reactive oxygen‐bearing molecules remain the backbone of diverse ground‐breaking technologies, driving the waves of scientific development in environmental, biotechnology, materials, medical and defence sciences. Singlet oxygen has a relatively high energy of about 94 kJ/mol compared to the ground state molecular O2 and therefore initiates low‐temperature oxidation of electron‐rich hydrocarbons. Such reactivity of singlet oxygen has inspired a wide array of emerging applications in chemical, biochemical and combustion phenomena. This paper reviews the intrinsic properties of singlet oxygen, emphasising the physical aspects of its natural occurrences, production techniques, as well as chemical reactivity with organic fuels and contaminants. The review assembles critical scientific studies on the implications of singlet oxygen in initiating chemical reactions, identifying, and quantitating the consequential effects on combustion, fire safety, as well as on the low‐temperature treatment of organic wastes and contaminants. Moreover, the content of this review appraises computational efforts, such as DFT quantum mechanical modelling, in developing mechanistic (i. e., both thermodynamic and kinetic) insights into the reaction of singlet oxygen with hydrocarbons.
Funktionen und Kontexte
Authors: Belz Malte 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel erörtere ich in Kürze die Funktionen und anschließend zur Motivation des weiteren Vorgehens die Kontexte von Füllpartikeln. Abschnitt 3.1 zeigt die Multifunktionalität von Füllpartikeln anhand fünf häufig genannter Funktionen und stellt die Haltung dieser Arbeit zur Signal-Symptom-Debatte dar. Die postulierten Funktionen entstehen fast ausschließlich aus dem linguistischen Kontext von Füllpartikeln.
Zusammenfassung und Vergleich
Authors: Belz Malte 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungTabelle 7.1 vergleicht die Ergebnisse von BeDiaCoc und GECO-FP bezüglich der phonetischen Füllpartikelformen, die nicht durch ihre Mikro-, Meso- und Makrokontexte erklärt werden. Vielmehr zeigt sich, dass sie in großen Teilen allgemeinen linguistischen Prinzipien unterliegen (beispielsweise Formdistribution und Ausgleichskürzung), die im nächsten Kapitel diskutiert werden. Ein Teil der Formvariabilität lässt sich mit sprecherspezifischen Eigenschaften erklären (beispielsweise Grundfrequenz).
Diskussion
Authors: Belz Malte 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm ersten Abschnitt dieses Kapitels diskutiere ich die gefundene kontextfreie Variation von Füllpartikeln. Im Anschluss daran werden die kontextbedingten Ergebnisse für die sequenziellen Kontexte und die Dialogstruktur eingeordnet, wonach diskutiert wird, wie Teile der Kontextbedingtheit durch die prosodische Phrasierung erklärt werden können.
Katatones Wandern mit Emil Kraepelin, Aloys Alzheimer, Henry Aloysius Cotton und anderen
Authors: Förstl Hans 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Betriebsausflüge von Emil Kraepelins Königlich Psychiatrischer Klinik wurden unter den Mitarbeitern als „katatone Wanderungen“ bezeichnet. Im Jahr 1906 nahm eine erstaunliche Zahl deutscher und internationaler Gäste daran teil, Nicolas Achucarro, Henry Cotton, Eduard Flatau, Smith Ely Jelliffe, Gaetano Perusini, Edward Scripture, Maurycy Urstein und andere. Viele von Kraepelins Kollegen waren inspiriert von seinen Ideen und getrieben von wissenschaftlichem Enthusiasmus, der neben fachlichen Fortschritten in der Nervenheilkunde zu ganz unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen führte, von der Zahn- und Bauchchirurgie zu Psychoanalyse und Evidenz-basierter Medizin; von Rassenhygiene und Nationalismus zur Präsidentschaft des kommunistischen Rumänien.
Impact of bridging thrombolysis on clinical outcome in stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy: a retrospective analysis of a regional stroke registry
Authors: Seker Fatih , Bonekamp Susanne , Rode Susanne , Hyrenbach Sonja , Bendszus Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
It is unclear whether stroke patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) should receive bridging intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), if eligible. This study aims at analyzing the impact of bridging IVT on short-term clinical outcome.

Methods
In a prospective regional stroke registry, all stroke patients with premorbid modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–2 who were admitted within 4.5 h after onset and treated with EVT were analyzed retrospectively. Patients receiving “IVT prior to EVT” (IVEVT) were compared to those undergoing “EVT only” regarding the ratio of good outcome, discharge mRS, mRS shift, hospital mortality, and occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.

Results
In total, 2022 patients were included, 816 patients (40.4%) achieved good clinical outcome; 1293 patients (63.9%) received bridging IVT. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding the ratio of good outcome (IVEVT 41.4% vs. EVT 38.5%, P = 0.231), discharge mRS (median, IVEVT 3 vs. EVT 3, P = 0.178), mRS shift (median, IVEVT 3 vs. EVT 3, P = 0.960), and hospital mortality (IVEVT 19.3% vs. EVT 19.5%, P = 0.984). Bridging IVT was not a predictor of outcome (adjusted OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.79–1.26, P = 0.979). However, it was an independent predictor of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.21–2.72, P = 0.005).

Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest that bridging IVT does not seem to improve short-term clinical outcome of patients undergoing EVT. Nonetheless, there might be a subgroup of patients that benefits from IVT. This needs to be addressed in randomized controlled trials.
2D-Perfusion Angiography Using Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A Feasible Tool to Monitor Immediate Treatment Response to Endovascular Therapy of Peripheral Arterial Disease?
Authors: Dewald Cornelia L. A. , Becker Lena S. , Maschke Sabine K. , Meine Timo C. , Meyer Bernhard C. , Wacker Frank K. , Hinrichs Jan B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposePatients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) or critical limb ischemia (CLI) require revascularization. Traditionally, endovascular therapy (EVT) is performed with iodinated contrast agent (ICM), which can provoke potential deterioration in renal function. CO2 is a safe negative contrast agent to guide vascular procedures, but interpretation of CO2 angiography is challenging. Changes in blood flow following iodine-aided EVT are assessable with 2D-perfusion angiography (2D-PA). The aim of this study was to evaluate 2D-PA as a tool to monitor blood flow changes during CO2-aided EVT.Material and Methods2D-PA was performed before and after ten EVTs (nine stents; one endoprosthesis; 10/2012–02/2020) in nine patients (six men; 65 ± 10y) with Fontaine stage IIb (n = 8) and IV (n = 1). A reference ROI (ROIINFLOW) was placed in the artery before the targeted obstruction and a target ROI (ROIOUTFLOW) distally. Corresponding ROIs were used pre- and post-EVT. Time to peak (TTP), peak density (PD) and area under the curve (AUC) were computed. The reference/target ROI ratios (TTPOUTFLOW/TTPINFLOW; PDOUTFLOW/PDINFLOW; AUCOUTFLOW/AUCINFLOW) were calculated.Results2D-PA was technically feasible in all cases. A significant increase of 82% in PDOUTFLOW/PDINFLOW(0.44 ± 0.4 to 0.8 ± 0.63;p = 0.002) and of 132% in AUCOUTFLOW/AUCINFLOW(0.34 ± 0.22 to 0.79 ± 0.59;p = 0.002) was seen. A trend for a decrease in TTPOUTFLOW/TTPINFLOWwas observed (− 24%; 5.57 ± 3.66 s–4.25 ± 1.64 s;p = 0.6).ConclusionThe presented 2D-PA technique facilitates the assessment of arterial flow in CO2-aided EVTs and has the potential to simplify the assessment of immediate treatment response.
Dimensionen der Gesundheitskompetenz von Viertklässler*innen
Authors: Bollweg Torsten Michael , Okan Orkan , Freţian Alexandra , Janner Christina , Schulenkorf Tessa , Kirchhoff Sandra , Pinheiro Paulo , Bauer Ullrich 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) junger Menschen wird von Wissenschaft und Politik zunehmend als Ansatzpunkt für Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention anerkannt. Gerade die GK von Kindern wurde jedoch, insbesondere in Deutschland, bisher kaum erforscht. Diese Studie widmet sich dieser Forschungslücke, indem sie die GK von Viertklässler*innen in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) untersucht.Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)Die Fragestellung ist die explorative Beschreibung verschiedener Dimensionen der GK von Kindern unter Berücksichtigung sozioökonomischer Merkmale.Material und MethodenEs wurde eine schriftliche Klassenraumbefragung durchgeführt. Der Fragebogen, der speziell für 9‑ bis 10-Jährige entwickelt wurde, umfasst drei Dimensionen der GK: selbstberichtete allgemeine GK, funktionale GK (schriftsprachliche und numerische Fähigkeiten) und das Gesundheitswissen.ErgebnisseEs wurden 899 Schüler*innen an 32 Schulen befragt. Hierbei wurde eine hohe selbstberichtete GK ermittelt: die Befragten empfinden den Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen als einfach. Kinder mit niedrigem Wohlstand schneiden in allen Dimensionen der GK signifikant schlechter ab. Dies gilt mit Ausnahme der selbstberichteten GK auch für Kinder, die zuhause nicht nur Deutsch sprechen.SchlussfolgerungDiese Studie untersucht erstmals die GK von Viertklässler*innen in NRW. Wenngleich die selbstberichtete GK hoch ist, zeigt sich schon bei dieser jungen Altersgruppe ein sozialer Gradient hinsichtlich Wohlstand und Sprache. Die Forschungslage ist für das Kindesalter zwar noch lückenhaft und es besteht weiterhin Forschungsbedarf, die Ergebnisse deuten aber auf einen frühen Interventionsbedarf hin, um allen Kindern unabhängig von ihrer Herkunft zu ermöglichen, GK in dem Maß zu entwickeln, wie es der eigenen Gesundheit zuträglich ist.
Creativity in science and the ‘anthropological turn’ in virtue theory
Authors: Kidd Ian James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractI argue that philosophical studies of the virtues of creativity should attend to the ways that our conceptions of human creativity may be grounded in conceptions of human nature or the nature of reality. I consider and reject claims in this direction made by David Bohm and Paul Feyerabend. The more compelling candidate is the account of science, creativity, and human nature developed by the early Marx. Its guiding claim is that the forms of creativity enabled by the sciences are ultimately valuable insofar as they advance our emancipation from a state of existential alienation. I end by encouraging future investigations of such vertical explanations of the significance of certain virtues in the context of scientific enquiry.
Vocally disruptive behaviour in nursing home residents in Ireland: a descriptive study
Authors: Nwogbunyama C. , Kelly B. D. , Cooney C. 
Published: December 2020

Background:Vocally disruptive behaviour (VDB) is relatively common in nursing home residents but difficult to treat. There is limited study on prevalence and treatment of VDB. We hypothesise that VDB is a result of complex interaction between patient factors and environmental contributors.Methods:Residents of nursing homes in south Dublin were the target population for this study. Inclusion criteria were that the residents were 65 years or over and exhibited VDB significant enough for consideration in the resident’s care plan. Information on typology and frequency of VDB, Interventions employed and their efficacy, diagnoses, Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory scores, Mini-Mental State Examination scores, and Barthel Index scores were obtained.Results:Eight percent of nursing home residents were reported to display VDB, most commonly screaming (in 39.4% of vocally disruptive residents). VDB was associated with physical agitation and dementia; together, these two factors accounted for almost two-thirds of the variation in VDB between residents. One-to-one attention, engaging in conversation, redirecting behaviour, and use of psychotropic medication were reported by nurses as the most useful interventions. Analgesics were the medications most commonly used (65.7%) followed by quetiapine (62.9%), and these were reportedly effective in 82.6% and 77.2% of residents respectively.Conclusions:VDB is common, challenging, and difficult to manage. The study of VDB is limited by a variety of factors that both contribute to this behaviour and make its treatment challenging. Issues relating to capacity and ethics make it difficult to conduct randomised controlled trials of treatments for VDB in the population affected.
Effects of Zingiber officinale extract supplementation on metabolic and genotoxic parameters in diet-induced obesity in mice
Authors: Luciano Thaís Fernandes , De Souza Claudio Teodoro , Pinho Ricardo Aurino , Marques Schérolin de Oliveira , Luiz Gabriel Paulino , Tramontin Natalia dos Santos , Silveira Paulo Cesar Lock da , de Andrade Vanessa Moraes , Muller Alexandre Pastoris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObesity is an epidemic associated with many diseases. The nutraceutical Zingiber officinale (ZO) is a potential treatment for obesity; however, the molecular effects are unknown. Swiss male mice were fed a high-fat diet (59 % energy from fat) for 16 weeks to generate a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model and then divided into the following groups: standard diet + vehicle; standard diet + ZO; DIO + vehicle and DIO + ZO. Those in the ZO groups were supplemented with 400 mg/kg per d of ZO extract (oral administration) for 35 d. The animals were euthanised, and blood, quadriceps, epididymal fat pad and hepatic tissue were collected. DIO induced insulin resistance, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and DNA damage in different tissues. Treatment with ZO improved insulin sensitivity as well as decreased serum TAG, without changes in body weight or adiposity index. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were lower in the liver and quadriceps in the DIO + ZO group compared with the DIO group. ZO treatment reduced the reactive species and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA in blood and liver in obese animals. The endogenous antioxidant activity was higher in the quadriceps of DIO + ZO. These results in the rat model of DIO may indicate ZO as an adjuvant on obesity treatment.
Early pregnancy overweight/obesity and length of residence among immigrants in Sweden: a pooled analysis of Swedish population registers between 1992 and 2012
Authors: López-Borbón Dilana , Löve Jesper , Juárez Sol P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine whether the association between women’s origin and early pregnancy overweight and obesity (OW/OB) varies by length of residence in Sweden.Design:This cross-sectional observational study used pooled Swedish population register data from 1992 to 2012. Logistic regression models were run to estimate odds ratios (OR) of early pregnancy OW/OB and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI), comparing Swedish-born and immigrants by length-of-residence categories while adjusting for covariates.Setting:Sweden.Participants:In total, 1 771 821 pregnant women, 315 992 of whom were immigrants.Results:With longer residence in Sweden, more immigrant women from various origins exhibited higher odds of experiencing early OW/OB compared with Swedish-born women. Findings specifically showed increased odds of early pregnancy OW/OB with increasing length of residence for women born in Latin America, Europe-27 and Southeast Asia. For example, immigrant women from Latin America residing in Sweden for < 6 years showed similar odds as Swedish-born (OR≤ 5 years 0·92, 95 % CI 0·87, 0·98), while their longer residing counterparts showed higher odds than Swedish-born women (OR6–15 years1·21, 95 % CI 1·14, 1·28 and OR≥ 16 years 1·68, 95 % CI 1·59, 1·78). Mixed results were found for other origins.Conclusions:The current study suggests that host country conditions might play an important role in explaining OW/OB among some groups of immigrant women. Although further studies are needed to disentangle the mechanisms that generate these health inequalities, policy efforts should focus on immigrant reception and early integration to prevent pregnancy-related OW/OB.
Critical Mysticism or Critical Ethos? Intercultural Reflections on Stephen Palmquist’s Kant and Mysticism
Authors: Nelson Eric S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis contribution offers a sympathetic historical and intercultural reflection on Stephen Palmquist’s work Kant and Mysticism. It examines (1) the appropriateness of this portrayal of Kant and mysticism in relation to its historical context (which encompasses figures such as Malebranche, Spinoza and Swedenborg), suggesting that Kant is committed to an account of rationality, ethical personhood and a ‘critical ethos’ in tension with mysticism; and (2) the inadequacy of Kant’s understanding of mysticism in the context of South and East Asian philosophical and religious discourses, indicating the need for an intercultural turn in the philosophy of religion.
Electron Density Depletion Region Observed in the Polar Cap Ionosphere
Authors: Bjoland L. M. , Ogawa Y. , Løvhaug U. P. , Lorentzen D. A. , Hatch S. M. , Oksavik K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents and discusses electron density depletion regions observed with the incoherent scatter EISCAT Svalbard Radar (ESR) located at 75.43°N geomagnetic latitude. The data include several decades of measurements, which make them suitable for studying statistical features and characteristics of the ionospheric parameters. Here we focus on the electron density depletions and their dependence on diurnal and seasonal variations and solar activity. An electron density depletion region is identified in the ESR data in the early morning sector. This depletion region seems to be clearest during equinox and winter and moderate/high solar activity. An enhancement in the ion temperature is often co‐located with the electron density depletion region. The ion temperature enhancement could indicate that ion frictional heating is related to the electron density depletion region. However, during summer when the solar activity is low, the electron density depletion is not observed although the ion temperature is enhanced, suggesting that formation of the electron density depletion regions due to ion frictional heating may depend on the background effective temperature and O/N2 ratio. In addition, seasonal changes in the solar zenith angle could also contribute to the formation of the depletion region.
The role of Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) as a predictive biomarker for targeting the DNA damage response
Authors: Coleman Niamh , Zhang Bingnan , Byers Lauren A. , Yap Timothy A. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe therapeutic landscape of drugs targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) is rapidly expanding; however, an urgent unmet need remains for validated predictive biomarkers of response. SLFN11 has emerged as a promising predictor of sensitivity to DNA-damaging chemotherapies, and recently, been associated with sensitivity to PARP inhibition. We discuss its use as a predictive biomarker of response for targeting the DDR.
Experimental study on granite acoustic emission and micro-fracture behavior with combined compression and shear loading: phenomenon and mechanism
Authors: Cao Yue , Xu Jinhai , Chen Liang , Wu Peng , Shaikh Faiz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne element that is essential to consider in underground mining engineering applications is the possibility of pillar failure, which can result in deadly geological disasters, including earthquakes and surface subsidence. Pillars are commonly present under an inclined state and are significantly dependent upon combined compression and shear loading. However, many scholars regard the pure uniaxial compression strength (UCS) of rock as the main evaluation index of pillar strength, which is inconsistent with the field practice. Hence, the present study developed a novel combined compression and shear test (C-CAST) system, which was applied in the investigative acoustic emission (AE) experiments to characterize the failure mechanism and micro-fracture behavior of granite specimens at different inclination angles. The experimental results presented the exponential decrease of UCS of inclined specimens with increase in the shear stress component. Changes in the inclination angle with a range of 0°–10° produced a splitting-shear failure fracture mode from the initial splitting failure. In comparison, an increase in the inclination angle from 10° to 20° produced a single shear failure fracture mode from the initial combined splitting-shear failure. The specimens exhibited nonlinearly reduced microcrack initiation (CI) and damage (CD) thresholds following an increase in the inclination angle, suggesting the dependence of the microcrack initiation and propagation on the shear stress component. The ratio of CI and CD thresholds to inclined UCS varies within a certain range, indicating that the ratio may be an inherent property of granite specimens and is not affected by external load conditions. Additionally, the rock fracture behavior was largely dependent upon the mechanism of shear stress component, as validated by the microcrack initiation and growth. Finally, a modified empirical formula for pillar strength is proposed to investigate the actual strength of inclined pillar. Results of a case study show that the modified formula can be better used to evaluate the stability of inclined pillars.