bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and viability of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin in different alternative media
Authors: Afifah L , Saputro N W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
At present, the use of synthetic chemical pesticides become a threat to the biotic and abiotic environment. The use biological agents such as entomopathogen may become an alternative in supporting integrated pest management. One of entomopathogenic fungus that has been used in controlling pests is Beauveria bassiana. However, a good alternative media for the growth of B. bassiana is required to produce more optimal conidia density and germination. This study was aimed to determine the effect of several media on the growth of B. bassiana and its conidial density. The method used in this study was compeletely randomized design with 5 replications. The experimental treatment consisted of PDA, maize, rice, and mungbean. The result showed that there was no significant differences among maize, mungbean, and PDA media in supporting the growth of B. bassiana, with the means of colonies diameter at 8.91 cm, 8.89 cm, and 9.00 cm, respectively. Moreover, the growth rate, conidia density, and viability of the alternative media were not significantly different with PDA. Therefore, further research to determine other alternative media for the growth and viability of B. bassiana is needed.
Rice sheath rot disease etiology and characterization of the pathogen
Authors: Afifah K , Wiyono S , Yuliani T S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Rice sheath rot disease in Indonesia caused by Sarocladium oryzae is currently become a major pathogen. The objectives of this research was to describe disease etiology and characterization of rice sheath rot pathogen. Characterization was conducted by isolation followed by morphology-based identification, and observation of rice sheath rot symptoms. The fungal colonies has 5 different morphotypes, namely KP, KP2, KP3, PW03, and PW3 which all were pathogenic to rice. Morphotypes of KP3 and PW3 colonies had yellowish color; while KP, KP2 and PW03 colonies had orange color. Microscopically conidia of KP, PW3, and PW03 had longer and thinner form; while KP2 and KP3 were shorter and wider. PCR confirmation using specific primer for S. oryzae resulted that all tested isolates were S. oryzae. The disease occured on uppermost leaf sheath enclosing the young panicles. The lesions appeared as oblong with brown margins and grey centres. The panicles infected by S. oryzae were chaffy, discoloured, and shrivelled. The incubation period of this disease was 3 to 4 d.
Endophytic fungi play important role in rice protection against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Wiyono S , Prakoso B B , Santoso S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Endophytic fungi has both beneficial and detrimental effect on plants. Knowledge on the role of endophytic fungi of rice in relation to associated insect pests is limited. The research aimed to investigate the diversity of endophytic fungi of rice sheath and to examine its importance in rice protection against brown plant hopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. The fungi was isolated from 2 regencies, Cianjur and Subang -West Java, with 2 cultivars in each locations, Ciherang and Pandanwangi. Cianjur samples were differentiated in 3 level of BPH infestation i.e. zero, low and high. Some predominant fungi were further tested their activity on population growth and nymph-adult survival of BPH in a greenhouse experiment. Number of isolated fungal species, diversity index and total colonization of endophytic fungi of rice from Cianjur was higher than Subang. Diversity index and total colonization of endophytic fungi of cv. Pandanwangi was higher than of Ciherang. Three predominant fungi in free-BPH rice: Nigrospora sp.1, Nigrospora sp.2 and Nigrospora sp.3, enhanced rice resistance against BPH, indicated by decreased of nymph-adults survival, non-preference phenomenon and decreased of population growth.
The production efficiency of herbicides in palm oil plantation in Sumatera and Kalimantan
Authors: Hakim D B , Hadianto A , Giyanto  , Hutaria T , Amaliah S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The presence of weeds in palm oil plantations have been widely known to result in a decrease in the quantity and quality of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), disruption to plant growth, increased pest and disease attacks, disruption of water use, and in general will increase the cost of farming. These systemic risks have been mitigated with the use of herbicides. The economic use of herbicides has a positive impact on reducing production costs, especially saving labor costs and time during land clearing and plant maintenance so as to increase farmers’ income and profits. The efficiency of palm oil production by using herbicides and other weed control alternatives and the determinants were analyzed with a production efficiency approach. Production functions explain the technical relationship between a number of inputs used with output in a production process in palm oil sector. The regression method was carried out by utilizing survey data of palm oil farmers in Indonesia’s palm oil plantation centers in Riau-, Jambi, Central- and West Kalimantan-Provinces. The results showed that the factors which significantly affect production efficiency of the sample consisting of age planting, glyphosate dosage, paraquat dosage, KCl fertilizer, and Dummy land area. Meanwhile, the use of paraquat, glyphosate, KCl, and urea was considered non optimal. Hence, it is recommended to add the use of herbicides to attain the optimization of production.
Effect of spreading of invasive thorny acacia (Acacia nilotica) in Bekol Savanna of Baluran National Park to savanna area and composition of javan bull feed (Bos javanicus)
Authors: Arbiastutie Y , Diba F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Acacia nilotica was introduced to Baluran National Park in 1969 for forest fire prevention. Nowadays, A. nilotica becomes invasive species due to their fast-growing and rapid spreading species types. Bekol Savanna in Baluran National Park has been affected by the changing of grass composition of javan bull’s feed. Bekol Savanna has 12 species of grass as javan bull’s feed and dominated by Brachiria reptans as it almost covers 60% of the savanna area. GIS method was applied to estimate the area of Bekol Savanna that changed by the spreading of invasive A. nilotica by the year 2002, 2007, 2013, 2017 and 2018, through satellite imagery analysis and concentration count method to estimating javan bull population. The result shows that javan bull’s feed grass composition and changing of Bekol Savanna have an impact on javan bull population in Baluran National Park. The estimated population of Javan bull in 2003 was 81 and constantly decreased and remain 17 in year of 2017.
Morphological variation of Ahaetulla prasina (Boie, 1827) (Squamata: Colubridae) in Indonesia, with an expanded description of the species
Authors: Leo S , Supriatna J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Since Leviton (1967) argued that genus Ahaetulla needed to extensively review, we started to examine the most common Ahaetulla species in Indonesia, A. prasina. This study aims to explain the morphological variation and analyses pattern of A. prasina population from Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and Sulawesi mainland. This study was carried out by manually counting and measuring the characteristics of 64 A. prasina specimens belongs to Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) collections on 2016. All morphological characters have analysed using PCA, homogeneity test and one way anova test. The results shown there have variation in meristic characters as the adaptation pattern due to environmental condition and sexual dimorphism. In contrast, the morphometric characters shown that there no significant and slightly variation within population in these mainlands. Kalimantan population has larger head size than others and assumed as an adaptation towards its prey. This evidence proved that A. prasina is a snake species which successfully adapt in various environment types.
The effect of forest fire on the Squirrel and Tree Shrew community dynamic in Southern Sumatra
Authors: Dwiyahreni A A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A study to investigate the effect of forest fire on the dynamic of squirrel and tree shrew community was conducted in the south of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), Lampung, Indonesia. The park is surrounded by agricultural and plantation areas but contains some of the largest intact tracts of lowland forest remaining on the island which undergoing the most rapid forest conversion. The study focused on 8 squirrel (Ratufa bicolor, R. affinis, Callosciurus notatus, C. nigrovittatus, Sundasciurus hippurus, S. lowii, S. tenuis, and Lariscus insignis; Mammalia: Rodentia) and 3 tree shrew species (Tupaia tana, T. glis and T. minor; Mammalia: Scandentia) and described how pre- and post-fire conditions of habitat affect the density and distribution of squirrels and tree shrews in the study area. Data were collected before the fire in 1997, then each year subsequently after that until 2001. The study showed that density was significantly lower after the fire and in the burned area. The ground dwelling species were the most suffered species as fire destroyed their preferred disturbed habitat more severely than the undisturbed ones. The study has showed that fire caused changes in habitats and would change the structure of the animal community.
A benchmark assessment of ecosystem health indicator species groups at Bali Barat National Park
Authors: Winarni N L , Dwiyahreni A A , Hartiningtias D , Sunaryo  , Supriatna J 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bali Barat National Park was assessed for its suitability to receive RFS Protected Area CreditsTM. Part of the requirement is to select indicator groups from among 5 terrestrial taxa, within the eligible forest in the park boundaries, (1) insects - butterflies, (2) amphibian, (3) reptiles, (4) birds, and (5) mammals that can serve as r indicators for the overall ecosystem health of the TNBB. To select indicator groups, a biodiversity survey was conducted for during August-September 2015 in 3 study sites within Bali Barat National Park, Lebak Buah, Megatransect, and Brumbun. Different taxa were surveyed using peer-reviewed methods. The best indicator species within each taxa group (plants, butterflies, herpetofauna, birds and mammals) were defined based on their abundance and distribution in the eligible forest of the project area using Indicator Value method. Potential animal and plant indicator species were then assessed empirically for their cost-effectiveness based on survey effort and cost during the initial survey. Then they were evaluated for generality, functional importance, available scientific knowledge, and cross-taxon representation. Our results suggested that birds would be the best indicator species group, followed by butterflies, and plants. Such indicator is important surrogate for ecosystem health which can be used for conservation management priorities within protected area.
In vitro culture from internodes of Melastoma malabathricum L. on Murashige and Skoog (1962) modified medium with thidiazuron and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid
Authors: Karimah K , Yuniati R , Handayani W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A study investigating explant response from internodes of Melastoma malabathricum L. cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) modified medium with a combination of thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.1, 1 and 2 mg/L) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) was conducted. The main objective of this study was to develop a protocol for M. malabathricum L. propagation using an in vitro technique. Results showed that explants could respond to all treatment media by forming calluses. Obtained calluses tended to be green in colour and to have a semi-compact texture. The optimal treatments for forming calluses were 0.1 mg/L TDZ, 1 mg/L TDZ, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1 mg/L NAA and a combination of 0.1 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L NAA. The fast-growing callus was initiated upon treatments on MS without growth hormone (16.79 days after inoculation) and MS with 1 mg/L NAA (19.65 days after inoculation). Internode explants of M. malabathricum L. could also respond to the medium by forming calluses and roots on MS medium with 0.1 mg/L NAA and MS with 1 mg/L NAA. The optimal treatment for forming indirect roots was 0.1 mg/L NAA.
Transformation of recombinant plasmid pJ404-EGFRvIII-bfp into an Escherichia coli NiCo21(DE3) expression host and its characterization
Authors: Utami E R , Dewi K S , Fuad A M , Abinawanto  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is a mutant of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that lacks 267 amino acids (exons 2–7) within its extracellular domain that results in the formation of a new epitope as a tumor specific target. A synthetic gene of EGFRvIII has been constructed by previous researchers to encode a fusion protein as a marker in targeted cancer therapies. This research was conducted to transform the recombinant plasmid pJ404-EGFRvIII into Escherichia coli NiCo21(DE3) host cells and characterize the E. coli NiCo21(DE3) transformants. Recombinant plasmid pJ404-EGFRvIII was isolated with an alkali lysis method and transformed into E. coli NiCo21(DE3) by heat-shock method. The transformants were grown on LB medium containing100 μg/ml ampicillin and characterized by colony PCR method. The results showed that the pJ404-EGFRvIII recombinant plasmid was transformed successfully into E. coli NiCo21(DE3). With the result that, EGFRvIII gene might be express by E. coli NiCo21(DE3) for further analysis of protein expression and purification in tumor terapy.
Screening of antibacterial activity from biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Diospyros discolor Willd. extract
Authors: Rahim L , Handayani W , Santoso I , Imawan C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a specific property for antibacterial agents. This research aims to explore the antibacterial activity from the AgNPs synthesized using Diospyros discolor Willd. extract. We determined that the leaf extract solution of D. discolor can provide reducing properties for AgNPs synthesis. The result showed a maximum absorbance peak wavelength between 420–450 nm in the produced AgNPs. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image supported the presence of AgNPs, with size between 10–50 nm. Antimicrobial assays using E. coli produced an inhibition zone of 7.4 ± 0.7 mm from the centrifuged AgNPs, whereas those using S. aureus produced an inhibition zone of 7.66 ± 0.9 mm. An antimicrobial activity index (AI) assay against E. coli resulted in 0.2 ± 0.1 mm, whereas the activity against S. aureus resulted in an activity index of 0.40 ± 0.19 mm. AI values that were lower than 1.0 was considered had less significant activity. We also tested the growth of bacteria in the medium added with AgNPs using the dilution method. The growth of bacteria colony from the streak line showed a decline in growth for the bacteria that had been exposed to biosynthesized AgNPs with the increasing of time exposure for 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively.
Development of environmental DNA approaches to detect alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) from water samples
Authors: Ulayya N , Andayani N , Maryanto A E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction of non-native species threatens the life of many aquatic organisms. Successful eradication efforts of non-native species include early detection, but currently no traditional monitoring techniques have been successful. New approaches using environmental DNA (eDNA) are beginning to be used as a complement for traditional monitoring methods. We tested the efficacy of eDNA methods for detecting alligator gar in an artificial pond in Depok, Indonesia. Water samples (200 mL) were collected and filtered through a 0.45 µ nitrate cellulose filter. The results show that eDNA was detected in three out of four samples throughout the 1-month study period. We found that eDNA from alligator gar can be detected using water samples and should be considered as a complementary method to traditional sampling approaches. Further studies are necessary to employ eDNA detection of alligator gar in the field.
Microalgae of genus Chara (class Charophyceae) in area of Universitas Indonesia, Depok: An effort of in situ and ex situ conservation
Authors: Prihantini N B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Exploration of Chara microalgae has been carried out in the waters of Universitas Indonesia, Depok. The area of Universitas Indonesia has body of water consisting of several small lakes and water springs. The research aims to determine the existence of Chara and is anywhere in the waters of Universitas Indonesia. The method used was purposive random sampling by exploring all bodies explored (6 situ and 1 spring) and carried out 2 times. Chara was not found in all small ponds (situ) at Universitas Indonesia. The only place where that microalgae can be found is in a stagnant water spring located to the northwest of the FMIPA UI building commonly called Lab. Alam (Nature Laboratory). Descriptions of Chara found in the Nature Laboratory are as follows. Chara found is a Monoecious organism. The height of Chara thallus is between 10 to 50 cm. The axis is 400–500 mm in diameter and 10–30 mm long, quite encrusted, gray to dark green. Oogonia size (nucule) up to 0.5 mm long, 0.35 mm wide, while antheridia (globule) up to a diameter of 300 μm. Furthermore, a deeper identification must be done. The identification and culturing of the Chara UI strain is still being processed. Meanwhile, efforts to settle outside the habitat (ex situ) have not been successful.
Utilization of mango ginger (Curcuma mangga Val.) rhizome extracts to decrease serum bilirubin in male rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Authors: Normasiwi F , Setiorini  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study was conducted to observe the effect of ethanol extract of mango ginger rhizome (Curcuma mangga Val.) on the level of total bilirubin and direct bilirubin liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). We categorized 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats (Rattusnorvegicus L.) into six treatment groups (NC, TC, T1, T2, T3 and T4). The NC group is a normal control group that was not injected with CCl4 and 0.5 % CMC-fed. The TC group is a treatment control group that was intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 treatment in the amount of 1 ml/kgBW and 0.5 % CMC-fed. T1, T2, T3, and T4 are treatment groups that were injected with CCl4 1 ml/kgBB and were orally administered mango ginger rhizome ethanol extract each at a dose of 10 mg/kgBW, 20 mg/kgBW, 40 mg/kgBW, and 80 mg/kgBW, respectively. The results of Kruskal & Wallis non-parametric test (α = 0.05) shows that the 10 mg/kgBW, 20 mg/kgBW, 40 mg/kgBW and 80 mg/kgBW doses impacted total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels. Dunnett’s (α = 0.05) multiple comparison test result showed that the dosages had no significant differences with KK1 group. In conclusion, the dosages could have curative effects because they successfully reduce the level of total and direct bilirubin until it approached normal level.
In vitro culture of leaf explant Melastoma malabathricum L. on Murashige & Skoog (1962) modified medium with thidiazuron (TDZ) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
Authors: Nauli R , Yuniati R , Handayani W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Melastoma malabathricum L. is a plant potentially useful in phytoremediation, and its successful propagation would facilitate further research in this application. The present study examined in vitro culture of leaf explants using MS medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ; 0, 0.1, 1 and 2 mg/L) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0, 0.1 and 1 mg/L) alone and in combination. Leaf explants responded to all treatments by forming callus, except on medium with a combination of 2 mg mg/L TDZ and 1 mg/L NAA. The callus formed tended to be friable-compact and compact in texture, and browning tended to occur in callus formed on media containing NAA alone. The medium containing 1 mg mg/L NAA and 0.1 mg/L TDZ gave the best results for callus formation (100 %). Callus formed faster on medium containing 1 mg/L NAA alone. Both callus and adventitious roots formed on media containing NAA alone, with 1 mg/L NAA giving the best results. One explant growing on the medium containing 2 mg/L TDZ and 0.1 mg/L NAA formed both callus and shoots.
The effects of thidiazuron and 2,4-D on the regeneration of Melastoma malabathricum L. cultured leaves
Authors: Putri F , Yuniati R , Handayani W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Melastoma malabathricum L. has potential for exploitation of its pharmacological and phytoremediation properties. We cultivated M. malabathricum leaves using in vitro cultures in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg.L−1), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.L−1) or both. We studied the effect of TDZ alone or combined with 2,4-D on the growth and development of cultured leaves. Explants were cultured on solid MS medium supplemented with TDZ (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg.L−1) or 2,4-D (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg.L−1) or both. All treatments induced callus with different colours and textures. TDZ, 2,4-D or both induced callus formation in approximately 75–95 %, 95–100 % or 45–90 % of explants. Adventitious root was produced in the presence of 0.1 mg L−1 (70 %) and 0.2 mg.L −1 (60 %) 2,4-D. Adventitious shoot formation was initiated in the presence of 1 mg.L−1 (15 %), 2 mg.L−1 (5 %) and 3 mg.L−1 (5 %) TDZ. Callus formation was induced by 0.1 mg.L−1 2,4-D (63 %), 0.2 mg.L −1 2,4-D (50 %), 2 mg.L−1 TDZ (42 %) and 3 mg.L−1 TDZ (50 %), which were higher than other treatments. Callus, adventitious root or adventitious shoot was induced from leaves using 12 different media.
Comparison of fiber characteristic and sound intensity of bamboo culms used as sound tube in angklung gubrag in Cipining Village, Bogor
Authors: Maulidyawati S , Nisyawati  
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Angklung Gubrag is an ancient angklung that originated from Cipining Village, Bogor. The community of Cipining beliefs that Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea is preferred as angklung’s raw material compared to Gigantochloa atroviolacea. This study aimed to compare the fiber characteristic and sound intensity of G. atroviolacea and G. pseudoarundinacea culms as raw material of Angklung Gubrag. The study was conducted between February to December 2016. Methods used to compare the fiber characteristic of bamboo culms was maceration, while sound intensity was measured by sound level meter. Maceration samples were observed under microscope at Bio Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universitas Indonesia. The results showed that sound tube of Angklung Gubrag G. atroviolacea have lower sound intensity than Angklung Gubrag G. pseudoarundinacea. Fibre length of G. atroviolacea is longer that G. pseudoarundinacea. We also found that the fiber diameter, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness of G. pseudoarundinacea sound tube at third note was higher than G. atroviolacea sound tube at the same note. These showed similar results with the perception of Cipining community in choosing G. pseudoarundinacea as a raw material of Angklung Gubrag.