bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
River Otter Status, Management, and Distribution in the United States: Evidence of Large-Scale Population Increase and Range Expansion
Authors: Roberts Nathan M. , Lovallo Matthew J. , Crimmins Shawn M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
River otter Lontra canadensis populations in the United States have expanded during the past 50 y as a result of improvements in habitat quality and effective management programs implemented by state and federal agencies and native tribes. Periodic assessments of river otter status, population trends, and geographic distribution are needed to detect changes in populations, assess management approaches, and to identify and prioritize conservation efforts. We surveyed state wildlife agency experts to assess the current population and regulatory status of river otters in their jurisdictions. River otters were legally harvested in 40 states as of 2016. Twenty-two states reported increasing populations while 25 reported stable populations. Most states used multiple methods to monitor river otter populations including harvest-based surveys, presence–absence surveys, and empirically derived population model predictions; harvest-based surveys were the most commonly used monitoring approach. As populations have expanded, river otter reintroduction efforts have become less frequent; two additional states had conducted reintroductions since 1998 and only one state had conducted a reintroduction since 2010. We estimated that river otter distribution increased by 10.2% in the continental United States and by 13.7% in the contiguous United States during an 18-y period. Although populations may continue to increase numerically, river otters may be approaching their potential maximum geographic distribution in the United States.
De la poupée mécanique à la machine reproductrice
Authors: Gutiérrez Beatriz Gómez 
Published: January 2020

L’étude de l’œuvre d’Espinosa devient un outil inestimable pour le déchiffrage de certains paradigmes féminins de son époque. Quatre archétypes de femme, prédominants dans la littérature fin de siècle et celle des premières décennies du xxe siècle, séduiront l’auteur : La « femme fatale » du « modernismo » espagnol ; la « poupée surréaliste », dénomination choisie d’après une longue lignée de poupées artistiques : Kokoshka en 1918, Lotte Pritzel en 1919, Hans Bellmer en 1933 ; la « Femme futuriste », inspirée des archétypes féminins des années vingt, générés par des films comme Metropolis de Fritz Lang et, finalement, la femme phalangiste, semblable à celles du Futurisme italien et modèle de référence pour les membres de la section féminine – branche de la phalange espagnole créée en 1934.
MHC Class II (DRB) Promoter Polymorphism and Its Role in Parasite Control among Malaria Patients
Authors: Sar Pranati , Agarwal Aarushi , Vadodariya Devansi Hansrajbhai , Kariya Hiral , Khuman Jaydipbhai , Dalai Sarat 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
MHC class II (MHCII) molecules are cell surface glycoproteins that play an important role to develop adaptive immune responses. MHCII-disease association is not restricted to structural variation alone but also may extend to genetic variations, which may modulate gene expression. The observed variations in class II gene expression make it possible that the association of MHCII polymorphism with diseases may relate to the level of gene expression in addition to the restriction of response to Ag. Understanding the extent of, and the mechanisms underlying, transcription factor DNA binding variation is therefore key to elucidate the molecular determinants of complex phenotypes. In this study, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in MHCII-DRB regulatory gene may be associated with clinical outcomes of malaria in Plasmodium-infected individuals. To this end, we conducted a case-control study to compare patients who had mild malaria with those patients who had asymptomatic Plasmodium infection. It demonstrates that GTAT haplotype exerts an increased DRB transcriptional activity, resulting in higher DRB expression and subsequently perturbed Ag presentation and T cell activation, higher TLR-mediated innate immune gene expression, and Ag clearance, so low parasitemia in comparison with haplotypes other than GTAT (GTAC, GGGT). Hence, we hypothesized that DRB gene promoter polymorphism might lead to altered DRB gene expression, which could possibly affect the TLR-triggered innate immune responses in malaria patients. These genetic findings may contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of malaria and will facilitate the rational vaccine design for malaria.
Glycyrrhizin Protects γ-Irradiated Mice from Gut Bacteria–Associated Infectious Complications by Improving miR-222–Associated Gas5 RNA Reduction in Macrophages of the Bacterial Translocation Site
Authors: Ito Ichiaki , Loucas Bradford D. , Suzuki Sumihiro , Kobayashi Makiko , Suzuki Fujio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Gut bacteria–associated sepsis is a serious concern in patients with gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GIARS). In our previous studies, gut bacteria–associated sepsis caused high mortality rates in mice exposed to 6–9 Gy of γ-rays. IL-12+CD38+ iNOS+ Mϕ (M1Mϕ) located in the bacterial translocation site (mesenteric lymph nodes [MLNs]) of unirradiated mice were characterized as host defense antibacterial effector cells. However, cells isolated from the MLNs of GIARS mice were mostly CCL1+IL-10+LIGHT+miR-27a+ Mϕ (M2bMϕ, inhibitor cells for the M1Mϕ polarization). Reduced long noncoding RNA Gas5 and increased miR-222 expression in MLN-Mϕ influenced by the irradiation were shown to be associated with M2bMϕ polarization. In this study, the mortality of mice exposed to 7 Gy of γ-rays (7 Gy GIARS mice) was completely controlled after the administration of glycyrrhizin (GL), a major active ingredient in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Bacterial translocation and subsequent sepsis were minimal in 7 Gy GIARS mice treated with GL. Increased Gas5 RNA level and decreased miR-222 expression were shown in MLN-Mϕ isolated from 7 Gy GIARS mice treated with GL, and these macrophages did not display any properties of M2bMϕ. These results indicate that gut bacteria–associated sepsis in 7 Gy GIARS mice was controlled by the GL through the inhibition of M2bMϕ polarization at the bacteria translocation site. Expression of Ccl1, a gene required for M2bMϕ survival, is silenced in the MLNs of 7 Gy GIARS mice because of Gas5 RNA, which is increased in these cells after the suppression of miR-222 (a Gas5 RNA expression inhibitor) by the GL.
OCCHIO E VISIONE: MERAVIGLIA DELLA NATURA O PROGETTO DIFETTOSO?
Authors: Gobbi Pier Giorgio 
Published: January 2020

The behavior of the human visual system exhibits some flaws, including monochromatic and chromatic aberrations, finite dynamic range, limited spatial and temporal resolution. Why did it evolve this way? Can it be improved somehow, for example with the support of technology? The answer is obtained from a neuro-physical model developed by the author, which provides quantitative estimates of the optical and visual performances of the human eye, in agreement with experimental records. The conclusion, based on the principle of utility, is that the evolutionary design of the visual system is perfectly tailored for the primary survival needs of our primitive ancestors in daylight illumination, and it can hardly be improved with the help of human
technology.
A common-sense approach to amputee check-out
Authors: North J. F. , Stuart D. W. 
Published: January 2020

Noukeurige evaluering van die pasiënt wat sy kunsledemaat is 'n uiterse belangrike del van die aanpassingsprogram. 'n Algemene benadering ord toegepas wat geskik is om elke pasient te pas. Die voordele verbonde aan die behoorlike ondersoek van die pasiënt voor die kunsledemaat gepas word, word beklemtoon. Die behoefte by 'n vroeë stadiumte ontdek, word ook bespreek. Statestiek word gelewer om die getal nuwe pasiënte te vergelyk.
On the magnetic characteristics of magnetic holes in the solar wind between Mercury and Venus
Authors: Volwerk Martin , Goetz Charlotte , Plaschke Ferdinand , Karlsson Tomas , Heyner Daniel , Anderson Brian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The occurrence rate of linear and pseudo magnetic holes has been determined during MESSENGER's cruise phase starting from Venus (2007) and arriving at Mercury (2011). It is shown that the occurrence rate of linear magnetic holes, defined as a maximum of 10∘ rotation of the magnetic field over the hole, slowly decreases from Mercury to Venus. The pseudo magnetic holes, defined as a rotation between 10 and 45∘ over the hole, have mostly a constant occurrence rate.
Machine dependence and reproducibility for coupled climate simulations: the HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP Preindustrial simulation
Authors: Guarino Maria-Vittoria , Sime Louise C. , Schroeder David , Lister Grenville M. S. , Hatcher Rosalyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. When the same weather or climate simulation is run on different high-performance computing (HPC) platforms, model outputs may not be identical for a given initial condition. While the role of HPC platforms in delivering better climate projections is to some extent discussed in the literature, attention is mainly focused on scalability and performance rather than on the impact of machine-dependent processes on the numerical solution. Here we investigate the behaviour of the Preindustrial (PI) simulation prepared by the UK Met Office for the forthcoming CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) under different computing environments. Discrepancies between the means of key climate variables were analysed at different timescales, from decadal to centennial. We found that for the two simulations to be statistically indistinguishable, a 200-year averaging period must be used for the analysis of the results. Thus, constant-forcing climate simulations using the HadGEM3-GC3.1 model are reproducible on different HPC platforms provided that a sufficiently long duration of simulation is used. In regions where El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection patterns were detected, we found large sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration differences on centennial timescales. This indicates that a 100-year constant-forcing climate simulation may not be long enough to adequately capture the internal variability of the HadGEM3-GC3.1 model, despite this being the minimum simulation length recommended by CMIP6 protocols for many MIP (Model Intercomparison Project) experiments. On the basis of our findings, we recommend a minimum simulation length of 200 years whenever possible.
Multidisciplinariteit, wenselijkheid en de juridische context
Authors: Perquin-Deelen C.F. 
Published: January 2020

Multidisciplinariteit, wenselijkheid en de juridische context
Het recente SER-advies inzake diversiteit en enkele andere ontwikkelingen laat zien dat er meer aandacht is voor de sturing van gedrag van mensen en organisaties. De juridische gedachte lijkt te zijn dat deze maakbaarheid gestuurd dan wel gevormd kan worden door invoering van regels. Wat betekent deze gedachte? En hoe leidt deze gedachte tot de noodzaak van multidisciplinarisering van de juridische sector?
De voorzitter van de raad van commissarissen, of: de éminence grise van het vennootschapsrecht
Authors: Kemperink G.N.H. 
Published: January 2020

De voorzitter van de raad van commissarissen, of: de éminence grise van het vennootschapsrecht
De voorzitter van de raad van commissarissen vervult een spilfunctie in de vennootschap. Hij is voor de raad het contactpunt met bestuur en aandeelhouders. Hij wordt geacht de regie te nemen in crisissituaties. Dit roept de vraag op of de juridische positie van de voorzitter niet nader omlijnd zou moeten worden.
Ki-67 Labeling Index in Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors: Comparison Between Small Biopsy and Resection Using Tumor Tracing and Hot Spot Methods
Authors: Boland Jennifer M. , Kroneman Trynda N. , Jenkins Sarah M. , Terra Simone B.S.P. , Xie Hao , Molina Julian , Mounajjed Taofic , Roden Anja C. 
Published: January 2020

Context.—Pulmonary carcinoids are classified as typical or atypical by assessing necrosis and mitoses, which usually cannot be adequately assessed on small biopsies. Ki-67 is not currently used to grade pulmonary carcinoids, but it may be helpful to determine preliminary grade in biopsies. However, the rate at which Ki-67 could underestimate or overestimate grade on small biopsies has not been well studied.Objective.—To compare Ki-67 labeling obtained on small biopsies to subsequent resection.Design.—Ki-67 was performed on paired biopsy and resection specimens from 55 patients. Slides were scanned using Aperio ScanScope. Labeling index was determined using automated hot spot and tumor tracing methods.Results.—The study included 41 typical and 14 atypical carcinoids. Atypical carcinoids were larger and had more distant metastases. Death from disease occurred in 3 patients (all had atypical carcinoids). Median hot spot Ki-67 labeling index was greater in resection compared with biopsy by 0.7% (P = .02). Median tumor tracing Ki-67 was lower in resection compared with biopsy by 0.5% (P &lt; .001). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed similar hot spot Ki-67 cutoffs to predict atypical histology (3.5% for biopsy, 3.6% for resection; area under the curve [AUC], 0.75 and 0.74, respectively). Different optimal cutoffs were needed for tracing method based on biopsy (2.1%; AUC, 0.75) compared with resection (1.0%; AUC, 0.67).Conclusions.—Hot spot Ki-67 tends to underestimate grade on small biopsies, whereas grade is overestimated by tumor tracing. Hot spot Ki-67 cutoff of 3.5% predicted atypical histology for both biopsy and resection. Different biopsy and resection cutoffs were necessary for tumor tracing, which would make clinical implementation more difficult.
Interference From High-Dose Biotin Intake in Immunoassays for Potentially Time-Critical Analytes by Roche
Authors: Mrosewski Ingo , Urbank Matthias , Stauch Thomas , Switkowski Rafael 
Published: January 2020

Context.—
Immunoassays using the interaction between streptavidin and biotin are used for clinical chemical analytes on platforms by many different manufacturers. The design can be susceptible to interference from high-dose biotin intake in patients, which remains an often-overlooked confounder despite recently increased awareness.

Objective.—
To evaluate an easily implementable method of in vitro biotin depletion for the removal of biotin interference in immunoassays for potentially time-critical analytes.

Design.—
A biotin stock solution was made and de-identified patient samples were spiked to reach a biotin concentration of 1.126 × 106 pg/mL, the maximum reported biotin concentration 1 to 2 hours after a single oral dose of 300 mg biotin. Then, the resulting interference in Elecsys immunoassays for cortisol, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, digitoxin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, C-peptide, insulin, N-terminal pro-B–type natriuretic peptide, troponin T high sensitive, human immunodeficiency virus, procalcitonin, β human chorionic gonadotropin, toxoplasma immunoglobulin M, and toxoplasma immunoglobulin G was evaluated before and after biotin depletion using streptavidin particles.

Results.—
All tested immunoassays, with the exception of toxoplasma immunoglobulin M and toxoplasma immunoglobulin G, suffered from significant biotin interference. The depletion protocol removed assay interference due to biotin and produced results that were close or identical to initial prespike measurements.

Conclusions.—
Despite an increase in turnaround times, biotin adsorption is a feasible countermeasure for biotin interference in Elecsys immunoassays. Until test kits with an increased resistance to the interference from high-dose biotin intake are distributed, the evaluated protocol can provide results properly reflecting the patient's clinical condition.
El sujeto en transición, una nueva subalternidad en el teatro chileno: análisis de "Flores de papel" y "El loco y la triste"
Authors: Aylwin Cristóbal , Pizarro Granada Maite 
Published: January 2020

El presente ensayo plantea mediante un análisis comparado una entrada de lectura para los textos Flores de papel, de Egon Wolff, y El loco y la triste, de Juan Radrigán. Con esto se pretende establecer una relación de equivalencia en tanto que en ambas obras la resistencia del subalterno se manifiesta a través de la configuración del espacio y del discurso marginal. Para el desarrollo de la propuesta se utilizarán algunas nociones de Mijail Bajtín, Gayatri Spivak, Enrique Luengo, Zygmunt Bauman y Georg Simmel, todas enfocadas a los poderes del discurso y a las circunstancias en que se produce la enunciación. Por encima de caracterizaciones abstractas, la idea es confirmar la presencia de un sujeto en transición que no se identifica plenamente con el bloque dominante ni con el dominado.
This essay proposes, through a comparative análisis, a reading entry for the texts Flores de papel, by Egon Wolff, and El loco y la triste, by Juan Radrigán. The idea is establishing an equivalence relationship in that in both works the resistance of the subaltern is manifested through the configuration of space and marginal discourse. For the development of the proposal will be used some notions of Mikhail Bakhtin, Gayatri Spivak, Enrique Luengo, Zygmunt Bauman and Georg Simmel, all focused on the powers of discourse and the circumstances in which the enunciation occurs. Above abstract characterizations, the idea is to confirm the presence of a subject in transition who does not fully identify with the dominant block or the dominated one.
Faverón Salvaje: Influencias de Roberto Bolaño en "Vivir abajo" de Gustavo Faverón Patriau
Authors: Pujante Cascales Basilio 
Published: January 2020

Veinte años después de la publicación de Los detectives salvajes (1998) de Roberto Bolaño, el escritor peruano Gustavo Faverón Patriau publicó Vivir abajo (2018). En este artículo pretendemos, en primer lugar, analizar las características que hacen de Vivir abajo una novela ambiciosa y original dentro de la narrativa hispánica actual y, en segundo lugar, señalar las coincidencias con Los detectives salvajes y con el resto de la obra narrativa de Roberto Bolaño. Con este análisis queremos mostrar la importancia que posee, dos décadas después de su publicación, la obra cumbre del narrador chileno en la literatura latinoamericana actual. Asimismo, queremos llamar la atención sobre Vivir abajo, una obra que debe ocupar por derecho propio un puesto importante dentro del canon de la literatura hispánica.
Twenty years after the publication of Los detectives salvajes (1998) by Roberto Bolaño, the Peruvian writer Gustavo Faverón Patriau published Vivir abajo (2018). In this article, we will try, firstly, to analyze the characteristics that make Vivir abajo an ambitious and original novel within the current Hispanic fiction and, secondly, to indicate the coincidences with Los detectives salvajes and with the rest of Roberto Bolaño’s fiction. With this analysis, we want to show the influence that, two decades after its publication, the main book of the Chilean narrator still has nowadays in Latin American literature. Furthermore, we want to draw attention to Vivir abajo, a book that must occupy, in its own right, an important position within the canon of Hispanic literature.
'Felina é insinuante, embriagada y fuera de si'. La recepción de la ópera "Salomé" en Barcelona
Authors: Daufi Muñoz Alicia , Clos Soler Jordi 
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer cuál fue la recepción que tuvo la ópera Salomé en su estreno en la ciudad de Barcelona en 1910. Teniendo en cuenta el tipo de música de Richard Strauss y los gustos estéticos de la sociedad barcelonesa del momento, se comprende, fácilmente, que la ópera del compositor alemán tuvo un gran éxito, sobrepasando las otras obras que se estrenaron en ese mismo año. Para la realización de este estudio, se han analizado diferentes fuentes hemerográficas, con posiciones políticas distintas, y, a partir de éstas, se han podido conocer cuáles fueron las críticas que recibió la ópera Salomé, clasificándolas en diferentes categorías.
The aim of this paper is to explain how the opera Salomé was received in its premier in Barcelona in 1910. Concerning the style of Richard Strauss’s music and the aesthetic tastes shown by the Catalan society of the time, it is easy to understand the great success that the opera by the German composer attained. Such success surpassed, indeed, that of other works premiered on that same year in Barcelona. Different hemerographic sources, with different political tendencies, have been considered in the present study. All those newspapers published a variety of reviews on the opera Salomé, which will tell us how the work had been received in Barcelona.
Créer une carte narrative sur Google Maps : étude du raisonnement géographique et de la cohérence textuelle chez les élèves de la 9e année secondaire
Authors: Benimmas Aïcha , Blain Sylvie 
Published: January 2020

Les objectifs du présent article visent à examiner le raisonnement géographique manifesté chez des élèves de 9e année grâce à la création de cartes narratives sur Google Maps; à explorer les habiletés de ces élèves en ce qui a trait à l’utilisation de Google Maps; à estimer leur appréciation quant à l’intégration des cartes narratives au cours de géographie et à évaluer la qualité des textes qu’ils ont produits dans ces cartes narratives. Grâce à une méthode de recherche à la fois exploratoire et développementale, les cartes narratives sont examinées à l’aide de grilles d’analyse (raisonnement géographique et cohérence textuelle). Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les textes écrits sont essentiellement descriptifs et démontrent un certain raisonnement géographique relationnel avec des tentatives d’interprétation et d’explication limitées au site visuel. Si les élèves adaptent leur vocabulaire à la situation de communication, leurs textes descriptifs semblent manquer de cohérence macrostructurelle. Cependant, les élèves participants à l’étude semblent développer de nouvelles habiletés techniques sur Google Maps et apprécier l’intégration de la carte narrative au cours de géographie.
Antioxidant and Anti Nutritional Composition of Germinated Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)
Authors: Srujana M. Naga Sai , Kumari B. Anila , Maheswari K. Uma , Devi K. B. Suneetha , Suneetha W. Jessie 
Published: January 2020

Aim: To analyse the antioxidant and antinutritional components of germinated quinoa.
Sample: Whole (HGQ) and dehulled (DGQ) quinoa grain (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) was procured from Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, PJTS Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad and commercially processed quinoa seed (CGQ) purchased from local market was germinated at 20ºC temperature for 4hrs and analyzed.
Study Design: Analysing antioxidants and antinutritional components.
Place and Duration of Study: Analysis was conducted in PGRC Laboratory, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
Results: The total phenol content and flavonoid content increased upon germination and was high for HGQ and DGQ was high compared to CGQ. IC50 value for antioxidant value of CGQ in methanol and water extract was low compared to HGQ and DGQ. The oxalate content of germinated quinoa ranged from 6.17 ±0.01 to 9.45±0.02mg/100g. The saponin content of germinated quinoa was high for HGQ and DGQ compared to CGQ. When compared to the raw there was 104.16% reduction was seen in HGQ, whereas it reduced to 404.85% in DGQ. But when compared to the commercial variety the saponin contents were 23.07% (DGQ) and 69.35% (HGQ) more. This may be because of processing conditions of commercial variety.