bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mori Shunsuke , Koga Yukinori , Nakamura Kazuyoshi , Hirooka Sayuri , Matsuoka Takako , Uramoto Hideshi , Sakamoto Osamu , Ueki Yukitaka 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare long-term mortality following diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease between patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate predictive factors for death outcomes.

Methods
We reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients who were newly diagnosed with pulmonary NTM disease at participating institutions between August 2009 and December 2018. Patients were followed until death, loss to follow-up, or the end of the study. Taking into consideration the presence of competing risks, we used the cumulative incidence function with Gray’s test and Fine-Gray regression analysis for survival analysis.

Results
A total of 225 patients (34 RA patients and 191 non-RA controls) were followed, with a mean time of 47.5 months. Death occurred in 35.3% of RA patients and 25.7% of non-RA patients. An exacerbation of pulmonary NTM disease represented the major cause of death. The estimated cumulative incidence of all-cause death at 5 years was 24% for RA patients and 23% for non-RA patients. For NTM-related death, the 5-year cumulative incidence rate was estimated to be 11% for RA patients and 18% for non-RA patients. Gray’s test revealed that long-term mortality estimates were not significantly different between patient groups. Fine-Gray regression analysis showed that the predictive factors for NTM-related death were advanced age (adjusted hazards ratio 7.28 [95% confidence interval 2.91–18.20] for ≥80 years and 3.68 [1.46–9.26] for 70–80 years vs. <70 years), male sex (2.40 [1.29–4.45]), Mycobacterium abscessus complex (4.30 [1.46–12.69] vs. M. avium), and cavitary disease (4.08 [1.70–9.80]).

Conclusions
RA patients with pulmonary NTM disease were not at greater risk of long-term mortality compared with non-RA patients. Rather, advanced age, male sex, causative NTM species, and cavitary NTM disease should be considered when predicting the outcomes of RA patients with pulmonary NTM disease.
Zinc utilization and associated factors among under-five children with diarrhea in East Africa: A generalized linear mixed modeling
Authors: Yeshaw Yigizie , Worku Misganaw Gebrie , Tessema Zemenu Tadesse , Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionDiarrhea is the leading cause of illness and death among under-five children in low and middle income countries. Through the provision of zinc supplements has been shown to reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea, as well as the risk of mortality, the use of zinc for the treatment of diarrhea is still very low in low-income countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of zinc utilization among under-five children with diarrhea in East Africa.MethodsA secondary data analysis of the recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of East African countries were used to determine the prevalence and associated factors of zinc utilization among under-five children with diarrhea in East Africa. A total weighted samples of 16,875 under-five children with diarrhea were included in the study. A generalized linear mixed model (using Poisson regression with robust error variance) was used. Prevalence Ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for those variables included in the final model.ResultsThe overall prevalence of zinc utilization among under-five children with diarrhea in this study was 21.54% (95% CI = 20.92–22.16). Of East African countries, Uganda had the highest prevalence of zinc utilization (40.51%) whereas Comoros had the lowest (0.44%). Maternal primary education (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio(aPR) = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16–1.44), secondary education (aPR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.19–1.55) and higher education (aPR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.52–2.40), high community women education (aPR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.02–1.24), high wealth index (aPR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01–1.24), high community media exposure (aPR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06–1.29) were associated with a higher prevalence of zinc utilization.ConclusionThe prevalence of zinc utilization among under-five children was found to be low in East Africa. Maternal education, wealth index, community women education, and community media exposure were significantly associated with zinc utilization. Increased mass media exposure, maternal education and wealth index is recommended to improve zinc utilization among under-five children with diarrhea.
Educação interprofissional na reorientação da formação e do modelo de atenção à saúde: desafios para a saúde coletiva
Authors: Pedrosa Claudia Mara , Furlanetto Denise de Lima Costa 
Published: December 2020

A interprofissionalidade está intrínseca na proposta de criação dos curso de graduação em saúde coletiva por trazer em sua base a proposta de superação da estrutura pedagógica tradicional e disciplinar, priorizando conhecimentos e práticas que contemplem a troca de saberes e responsabilidades mútuas para formar sanitaristas comprometidos com o Sistema Único de Saúde e com as complexas necessidades de saúde. O presente trabalho tem como proposta dialogar sobre os desafios da construção curricular do curso de saúde coletiva contemplando a interprofissionalidade. Norteadas pela novas diretrizes curriculares da saúde coletiva e pela revisão do projeto político pedagógico do curso de saúde coletiva da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, as autoras analisaram os documentos produzidos pelos docentes nos encontros pedagógicos do Núcleo Docente Estruturante (NDE) e avaliações dos discentes dos estágios curriculares. Foram construídas as seguintes categorias analíticas: a) identificação das necessidade da reforma do ensino em saúde coletiva na perspectiva da interprofissionalidade; b) o uso de novas metodologias pedagógicas na construção da integralização das disciplinas; c) perfil do egresso sanitarista para a atuação interprofissional. Conclui-se que apesar de os documentos analisados do NDE apresentarem objetivos e fluxos bem definidos e de complexidade crescente para construção de saberes e práticas que garantam os conhecimentos necessários para a transformação das práticas em saúde, a articulação das ações ainda não sao efetivadas no âmbito do ensino. A superação dos territórios de saberes na formação aparece como dificuldade na prática dos docentes e nos cenários de formação para a integralização da interprofissionalidade no curso. Espera-se que a enunciação das lacunas e desafios na reforma curricular da Saúde Coletiva da FS amplie os recursos pedagógicos que instrumentalizarão atores envolvidos na formação - docentes, preceptores e discentes para a construção da interprofissionalidade, considerando a equidade e a superação do modelo curricular fragmentado como elementos norteadores do processo.
Recriar-se de subjetividades críticas na formação e no trabalho interprofissional
Authors: Pires Maria Raquel Gomes Maia , Gottems Leila Bernarda Donato 
Published: December 2020

O Recriar-se (arte, lúdico e tecnologias educativas na saúde) é uma linha de produção científica do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Promoção da Saúde e Projetos Inclusivos, pertencente ao Centro de Estudos Avançados e Multidisciplinares da Universidade de Brasília (Nesprom/Ceam/UnB). Nosso compromisso é produzir conhecimentos e tecnologias lúdico- educativas para a formação e a prática de profissionais de saúde e de outras áreas, com ênfase na reinvenção de subjetividades críticas em suas dimensões éticas, estéticas, epistêmicas, política e social. O objetivo do trabalho é relatar as experiências de pesquisas do Recriar-se no fomento de subjetividades críticas de estudantes e profissionais, aplicadas aos diversos cenários do ensino e do trabalho interprofissional. Trata-se de um relato de experiência em pesquisa, produção tecnológica e narrativas lúdico-educativas de abordagem interdisciplinar e multiprofissional oriunda da referida linha. Nos últimos sete anos, diversos projetos de pesquisas originaram três tecnologias lúdico-educativas (jogos de tabuleiro (IN)DICASUS, Banfisa e Violetas), assim como a série ‘Didáticos-para-Recriar-se’, contendo 38 produções oriundas das experiências de pesquisa, de ensino e de extensão, articuladas às manifestações da arte e do lúdico, com ricas possibilidades de reinvenção sensível, ética e política dos participantes.
ENZYME DIAGNOSTICS IN SPORTS PRACTICE (LITERATURE REVIEW AND PERSONAL EXPERIENCE)
Authors: Bakulev S , Dorofeikov V , Goldberg N , Taymazov V , Ashkinazi S , Smirnov M 
Published: December 2020

Aim. The paper aims to analyze and summarize the data about enzyme diagnostics in athletes of different sports. Materials and methods. Creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured in 20 highly skilled male biathletes aged from 18 to 23 years. Fasted blood samples were taken in the morning before exercise and the next day after a 90-minute ski run by a uniform method. Biochemical analysis was performed by using the Architect c4000 and i1000SR (Abbott, USA) automated analyzers with reagents and control materials from the equipment manufacturer. Results. An increase in CK activity in biathletes is observed at the end of the preparatory period, and normalization occurs by the middle of the competitive period. When studying CK activity in 10 male handball players aged from 18 to 21 years the day after training, it was found that the increase in enzyme activity depended on the playing position. Goalkeepers exceeded the norm many times compared to field players. The highest serum CK activity after exercise was observed after prolonged exercise such as extra-long marathon and uphill running, which involved eccentric muscle contractions. In triathletes after competitions (full distance), CK activity increased to 1200 U/L, after 48 hours of recovery it dropped to 400 U/L. Conclusion. Thus, enzyme diagnostics today is a relevant and objective method for assessing the state of health and the muscular system, including organs such as the heart, liver, and brain. Therefore, control over the level of basic enzymes should be carried out regularly in the preparatory period both as part of an in-depth medical examination and if an athlete is suspected of being overtrained or injured.
SRPX2 boosts pancreatic cancer chemoresistance by activating PI3K/AKT axis
Authors: Gao Zhenyuan , Wu Jisong , Wu Xiao , Zheng Jialei , Ou Yimei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background and aim
This investigation was aimed at disclosing whether SRPX2 affected pancreatic cancer (PC) chemoresistance by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.

Methods
Totally 243 PC patients were recruited, and they were incorporated into partial remission (PR) group, stable disease (SD) group and progressive disease (PD) group in accordance with their chemotherapeutic response. PC cell lines (i.e. AsPC1, Capan2, VFPAC-1, HPAC, PANC-1, BxPC-3 and SW1990) and human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell lines (hTERT-HPNE) were also collected.

Results
PC patients of SD + PD group were associated with higher post-chemotherapeutic SRPX2 level than PR group, and their post-chemotherapeutic SRPX2 level was above the pretherapeutic SRPX2 level (P < 0.05). PR population showed lower SRPX2 level after chemotherapy than before chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Besides high serum SRPX2 level and SRPX2 level change before and after chemotherapy were independent predictors of poor PC prognosis. Additionally, si-SRPX2 enhanced chemosensitivity of PC cell lines, and expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR were suppressed by si-SRPX2 (P < 0.05). IGF-1 treatment could changeover the impact of si-SRPX2 on proliferation, migration, invasion and chemoresistance of PC cells (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The SRPX2-PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis could play a role in modifying progression and chemoresistance of PC cells, which might help to improve PC prognosis.
What is the Meaning of Immanuel Kant’s Notion of the Human Being as the Ultimate End of Nature?
Authors: Bacevičiūtė Danutė 
Published: December 2020

The article explores Kant’s notion of the human being as the ultimate end of nature, presenting an ethical interpretation of this notion. The author of this article believes that the analysis of Kant’s assumptions will allow a deeper understanding of our own hermeneutical situation, in which ecological problems force us to rethink our relationship with nature and the meaning of human existence. Analyzing Kant’s early texts on Lisbon earthquake and his reflection on the sublime in the Critique of Judgement, the author asks how the experience of an uncontrolled natural element complements Kant’s ethical vision of nature’s teleology. Emphasizing the importance of insight into human vulnerability for the implementation of moral purpose in nature, the article outlines guidelines for interpretation that allow the relevance of Kant’s position in the context of contemporary environmental ethics.
O processo de territorialização do Quilombo do Rosa, Amapá, Brasil
Authors: Souza Silva David Junior de 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tematiza os processos recentes de territorialização e de reconhecimento identitário da comunidade do Rosa, no início do século XXI. O objetivo da pesquisa é a compreensão de seu processo de autoidentificação como remanescente quilombola e da territorialização específica engendrada em decorrência desta identificação. A metodologia baseia-se na Etnografia Histórica, com presença do pesquisador na comunidade entre os anos de 2017 a 2019. Os resultado indicam que o processo de territorialização desencadeado no Rosa é um processo de transformação global de múltiplas dimensões. Engloba ações de autodemarcação, como o foi a ação de expulsão da mineradora de seu território; ações de multiterritorialidade, como o são as ações protagonizadas por membros da comunidade em instâncias deliberativas do poder político instituído; o acesso à cidadania pelos respaldos jurídicos disponibilizados pelo Estado; a etnogênese, como autorreconhecimento como quilombola; e ações que implicam elastecimento da territorialidade.
A virtual reality based psychosis simulation for education of medical students: An ongoing project
Authors: Bidaki Majid Zare , Mousavi Bentolhoda , Ehteshampour Alireza 
Published: December 2020

Psychosis, which is defined as the loss of contact with external reality, is a subjective and complex experience that has two major presentations: delusions and hallucinations. Delusions are defined in a spectrum from overvalued ideas that can be considered as the upper extreme of normal limits, to the presence of crystallised, systematic ideas, without any external proof that clearly interferes with the experiencerâ€™s life. The same is true for hallucinations, as it can be experienced by any person in some point of their life or it can be multimodal which dominates the thinking process and leads to verbal or behavioural response. Despite the prevalence of both experiences, and even though medical students participate in theory-based education as well as apprenticeship in psychiatric wards, they find the experience non-tangible and difficult to digest. Improvement in technology has led to development of computer programmes, such as virtual reality (VR), by which the sense of immersion is induced in a simulated environment through combining sensory inputs with computer-generated graphics and effects and mostly is used through a head-mounted display. Constructivist movements have placed emphasis on active learning and visual-spatial abilities in education and VR has paved the way for its practical application. In this research project, along with producing an authentic virtual psychotic experience according to patientsâ€™ real-life experiences, we aim to assess its efficacy in improving knowledge, attitude and empathy towards people with psychotic experience, in comparison with the current method of education.

Keywords: Virtual reality, psychotic experience, simulation, medical education, e-learning.
The effectiveness of involving social investments in education
Authors: Yusif Yahyaeva Aynura 
Published: December 2020

Summary: One of the main problems in the social policy of the state is investment activity in this area. Social investments have a significant impact on improving the living standards of the population, improving their education, knowledge and skills and ensuring their health. The attraction of social investments and strengthening their role in the market environment is one of the prior directions of state policy. Social investment should be done in such a way that the final benefit for all projects should be the same. Effective use of social investments also contributes to the development of the countryâ€™s education system. Education is an important social area that contributes to the creation of conditions for the countryâ€™s economic development. The article is devoted to the study of the problem of assessing the effectiveness of social investment in education, which is an important social area that creates conditions for sustainable development. In the context of the creation and development of an innovative economy, social investment in education is a priority and provides an important competitive advantage in the strategic perspective, the accumulation and realisation of the countryâ€™s intellectual potential. At the same time, increased investment in education does not mean the increase of their efficiency and not guarantee the improvement of the quality of educational services. This means that the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of investment in education is complicated. Many scholars, both in our country and abroad, are engaged in solutions of the problem. All of this shows that the research in this area is one of the actual problems.
The purpose of the research Is to evaluate the role and effectiveness of social investment in education. For this purpose, the following main tasks are set:

identify specific features of the education system as a social investment object;
systematise the factors of the efficiency of social investments;
study the role of education in ensuring economic growth and competitiveness in the country;
determine the system of general performance indicators for educational institutions;
investigate the ways of implementing state policy in the field of education development, etc.

The methodology of the research is the systematic, dynamic and comparative analysis of factors.
Results of the research show that ways to achieve the goals set out in education have been identified, and the role of social investment in this area has been explored. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of social investment in education have also been put forward.

Keywords: Education, social policy, social investment, globalisation, human capital.
The study of the effectiveness of media literacy education on the development of creative thinking of students
Authors: Torabi Nasim , Ferdosipour Atefe 
Published: December 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of media literacy education on junior high school studentsâ€™ creative thinking. The research used a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The study sample included all first-grade students from high schools in the city of Tehran. The population of this cluster used the random sampling method in the second section. In this study, in order to measure studentsâ€™ creativity, the Abedi creativity questionnaire was used. Therefore, in the study, both the groups (experimental and control) were administered the pre-test. The media literacy lesson plan had eight training sessions for the experimental group, but for the control group there was no enforcement training. Immediately after training, media literacy was tested. After running the tests for both groups, analysis of covariance was used to analyse the data. The results showed that creative thinking and media literacy education and its dimensions (originality, fluency, flexibility and expandability) had a significant positive impact on students and could also help develop essential skills in them.

Keywords: Media literacy, visual literacy, creative thinking, initiative.
Fostering integration through Malay literature teaching among the Malaysian secondary school students
Authors: Chew Fong Peng 
Published: December 2020

In the context of a multi-ethnic and multicultural country such as Malaysia, national integration is the fundamental pillar of the country’s harmony and stability. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the extent to which the Malay Literature education enhances the integration among the students. On the basis of Weiner’s theory, the study employed the questionnaire survey method. The respondents consisted of 310 secondary school form two students in Kuala Lumpur. The findings show that the Malay Literature textbooks do not reflect the multi-ethnic society in Malaysia. Furthermore, the teachers were struggling to stimulate the interests among the students, and the interest of the latter to learn Malay literature was low. Inferential analysis indicated significant differences in unity literature education based on the ethnicities [F (2.307) = 34.573; p < 0.05] and SES [F (3.306) = 5.109; p < 0.05]. In conclusion, Malay literature education plays its unique role to instil the sentiment of unity among the students in the school setting. Therefore, teachers should come up with interesting teaching methods to cultivate students’ interest in learning the unity-themed literature and grant them a better understanding of other ethics in the effort to boost national integration.

Keywords: Malay language, Malay literature, national integration, unity literature.
Enhancing undergraduate engineering education quality through using computer-aided design software
Authors: Chiwuzie Emmanuel , Haboush Mohammad Abdel Fattah A. R. , Youssef Kassem , Camur Huseyin 
Published: December 2020

The computer‐aided design software has been developed as a support aid for improving the creativity and the ability of students to understand the concept of the practice courses. Therefore, the study reviewed previous scientific studies associated with computer-aided learning (CAL) to identify the importance of CAL in supporting engineering education learning. Additionally, this study aimed to develop a vision for the future of education through the use of an effective technological means to reduce as much effort and time as possible in engineering departments. The results demonstrated that the use of CAL in engineering courses improved the quality of education and increased the ability of the student to solve complex engineering problems. Consequently, the authors recommend that the institute should conduct training courses for instructors in CAL/design/programme and their role in supporting engineering learning.

Keywords: Computer-aided learning, education learning, engineering department, institute, problem-solving skills.
Front end of innovation
Authors: Velez Alexander , Barrutia Jose Maria , Echebarria Carmen 
Published: December 2020

The objective of this research is to contribute to the improvement of knowledge of the ‘front end’ or pre-development of innovation, a process that comprises all the activities prior to the formal start of the development of innovation projects. In this aspect, we identify the most relevant ‘front-end’ techniques that have been developed in the previous literature.

Keywords: Innovation, creativity, front end, pre-development.