bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial estimates of COVID-19 infections in hospital workers in the United States during the first wave of pandemic
Authors: Razzak Junaid A. , Bhatti Junaid A. , Tahir Muhammad Ramzan , Pasha-Razzak Omrana 
Published: December 2020

Objective
We estimated the number of hospital workers in the United States (US) that might be infected or die during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the data in the early phases of the pandemic.

Methods
We calculated infection and death rates amongst US hospital workers per 100 COVID-19-related deaths in the general population based on observed numbers in Hubei, China, and Italy. We used Monte Carlo simulations to compute point estimates with 95% confidence intervals for hospital worker (HW) infections in the US based on each of these two scenarios. We also assessed the impact of restricting hospital workers aged ≥ 60 years from performing patient care activities on these estimates.

Results
We estimated that about 53,000 hospital workers in the US could get infected, and 1579 could die due to COVID19. The availability of PPE for high-risk workers alone could reduce this number to about 28,000 infections and 850 deaths. Restricting high-risk hospital workers such as those aged ≥ 60 years from direct patient care could reduce counts to 2,000 healthcare worker infections and 60 deaths.

Conclusion
We estimate that US hospital workers will bear a significant burden of illness due to COVID-19. Making PPE available to all hospital workers and reducing the exposure of hospital workers above the age of 60 could mitigate these risks.
Time from dementia diagnosis to nursing-home admission and death among persons with dementia: A multistate survival analysis
Authors: Mjørud Marit , Selbæk Geir , Bjertness Espen , Edwin Trine Holt , Engedal Knut , Knapskog Anne-Brita , Strand Bjørn Heine 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo estimate transition times from dementia diagnosis to nursing-home (NH) admission or death and to examine whether sex, education, marital status, level of cognitive impairment and dementia aetiology are associated with transition times.DesignMarkov multistate survival analysis and flexible parametric models.SettingParticipants were recruited from the Norwegian Registry of Persons Assessed for Cognitive Symptoms (NorCog) in specialist healthcare between 2008 and 2017 and followed until August 2019, a maximum of 10.6 years follow-up time (mean 4.4 years, SD 2.2). Participants’ address histories, emigration and vital status were retrieved from the National Population Registry from time of diagnosis and linked to NorCog clinical data.Participants2,938 home-dwelling persons with dementia, ages 40–97 years at time of diagnosis (mean 76.1, SD 8.5).ResultsDuring follow-up, 992 persons (34%) were admitted to nursing-homes (NHs) and 1,556 (53%) died. Approximately four years after diagnosis, the probability of living in a NH peaked at 19%; thereafter, the probability decreased due to mortality. Median elapsed time from dementia diagnosis to NH admission among those admitted to NHs was 2.28 years (IQR 2.32). The probability of NH admission was greater for women than men due to women´s lower mortality rate. Persons living alone, particularly men, had a higher probability of NH admission than cohabitants. Age, dementia aetiology and severity of cognitive impairment at time of diagnosis did not influence the probability of NH admission. Those with fewer than 10 years of education had a lower probability of NH admission than those with 10 years or more, and this was independent of the excess mortality in the less-educated group.ConclusionFour years after diagnosis, half of the participants still lived at home, while NH residency peaked at 19%. Those with fewer than 10 years of education were less often admitted to NH.
Entrepreneurial Music Education: Professional Learning in Schools and the Industry, Kristina Kelman (2020)
Authors: Williams Meghan Todt 
Published: December 2020

Review of: Entrepreneurial Music Education: Professional Learning in Schools and the Industry, Kristina Kelman (2020)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 251 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03037-128-9, h/bk, €83.19
ISBN 978-3-03037-129-6, ebook, €67.40
Music, Technology, and Education: Critical Perspectives, A. King and E. Himonides (eds) (2016)
Authors: O’Leary Jared 
Published: December 2020

Review of: Music, Technology, and Education: Critical Perspectives, A. King and E. Himonides (eds) (2016)
Abingdon: Routledge, 282 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-31559-694-5, ebook, $35.96
Drug-Induced Liver Injury Caused by “Khat,” an Herbal Stimulant
Authors: Palacios Argueta Pedro , Attar Bashar , Sikavi Cameron , Alagiozian-Angelova Victoria , Mishra Satya 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We describe a case of Catha edulis (Khat) drug-induced liver injury in a 28-year-old man from Yemen. The patient presented with jaundice, fatigue, and anorexia. Extensive workup, including liver biopsy, was performed. This is the first reported case in the United States without definite autoimmune hepatitis. Diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion and extensive workup. Increasing migration and differences in cultural practices lead to the need for an increased awareness of this type of cases, which is underreported.
Entrevista com o professor Christopher Snow, do Toronto District School Board
Authors: CORREA Hércules Tolêdo 
Published: December 2020

Entrevista com professor premiado da educação básica da província de Ontario, no Canadá.
Christopher Snow é professor da Huron Public School, uma escola de ensino fundamental situada na região central de Toronto, na província de Ontario, Canadá. Pelo trabalho que tem desenvolvido junto às suas turmas, foi agraciado com um prêmio concedido pelo Primeiro-Ministro Justin Trudeau pelo seu Ensino de Excelência (ver https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/pmate-ppmee.nsf/eng/wz02308.html).
La praxis etnográfica en educación primaria. Experiencias desde el Museo de Artes y Costumbres Populares de Jaén
Authors: Sánchez Miranda María del Carmen , Ramírez Contreras Alfonso , Anta Félez José Luis 
Published: December 2020

Desde el cuestionamiento de la relación que pueden tener niños/as con diversas procedencias del mundo dentro de un museo etnográfico, nos posicionamos entre la educación, el patrimonio y la práctica de la investigación antropológica: el marco del Museo de Artes y Costumbres Populares de Jaén se convierte en catalizador de una experiencia que, previamente comenzada en el patio del colegio, continuó en las salas del museo.
El juego había sido la referencia a utilizar y, partiendo de ella, todas las diferencias se difuminaron en el momento en que vieron en aquellas vitrinas los mismos juegos con distintos nombres de aquí y allá. Desde la decisión de llevar el museo al aula comienza la aproximación a una identidad y reconocimiento globales, configurándose el museo etnográfico como un espacio artístico integrador de culturas y generaciones.
Knowledge, Attitude, Training and Practices of Pediatricians in Relation to The Prevention of Oral Diseases in the Thrace Region
Authors: OZVEREN Neslihan , BATUR KARA Sinem , YAMAN ŞİŞMAN Kübra , BALTACI Ezgi 
Published: December 2020

Oral health is an integral part of general health. Pediatricians are more likely to see babies and children earlier than dentists. Pediatricians are the right people to advise families on the prevention and management of oral diseases in children. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to the prevention of oral diseases among pediatricians working in the Thrace region of Turkey. A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted to 69 pediatricians working in the Thrace region of Turkey. Pediatricians were asked questions that included socio-demographic information and evaluated their knowledge, attitude and practices of oral and dental health. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between the demographic data and answers to the questionnaire. Most of the pediatricians stated that pediatricians play an important role in prevention of dental caries and oral health, they need to examine the oral cavity and teeth for this, but they need more information about preventive oral health practices. 43.5% of the pediatricians knew that the first dentist visit should be done as soon as the first primary tooth eruption, and 45.1% knew that oral tooth cleaning should start after the first primary tooth eruption, 13% of the pediatricians knew that thefirst sign of tooth decay was the white spots on tooth surface. Informing pediatricians about the prevention of dental caries is important for preventive dentistry.
Bioarchaeological analysis of the mounted archers from the Hungarian Conquest period (10th century): Horse riding and activity-related skeletal changes
Authors: BERTHON William 
Published: December 2020

Archaeological and historical sources attest that tribes of semi-nomadic populations conquered the Carpathian Basin with powerful armies of mounted archers at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries, which led to the foundation of the Kingdom of Hungary a hundred years later. Cemeteries from that period often provide cases of deposits of archery and horse riding equipment, as well as horse bones associated with the individuals in the graves. The close association between these items and the skeletons, together with the well-known historical context, allows postulating that the concerned individuals practiced horse riding during their life.
The doctoral research had two main objectives. The first one was to contribute to the research on activity reconstructions in past populations with the identification of skeletal changes that could more reliably be associated with the practice of horse riding, in particular. The second objective was to bring an ethnoarchaeological contribution by possibly improving our understanding of the societies from the Hungarian Conquest period and their funerary practices.
We selected a sample of 67 individuals from the 10th-century Hungarian cemetery of Sárrétudvari-Hízóföld, which was divided into two groups of individuals, according to the presence or absence of riding deposit in their graves. We also selected a modern (19–20th century) comparison group of 47 presumed non-rider individuals from the documented collection of Lisbon. We analysed different types of skeletal changes commonly used as indicators of activity and behaviour in past populations. Various direct measurements of the lower limb bones were also used to calculate indices of shape and robusticity.
Statistical analyses mostly revealed significant differences between the Hungarian groups and the comparison group from Lisbon. They concerned some skeletal changes that can be linked to the riding practice and seem to be promising indicators for this activity. Comparisons between groups also revealed that the Hungarian individuals without riding deposit in their grave were likely riders as well. Both objectives of this research have thus been achieved.
We took into consideration most of the pitfalls inherent to research on activity-related skeletal changes, leading to several limitations, such as relatively restricted sample sizes in the archaeological groups, which should be improved in the future. In addition, the multifactorial aetiology of the skeletal changes represented one of the main difficulties for their interpretation in terms of activity. In that regard, we performed an exploratory analysis of the microarchitecture of a muscle insertion site, of which promising results will need to be confirmed with further research with the aim of improving the reconstruction of activities in past populations.
Boncolás nyomai egy XVIII. századi gyermek mumifikálódott testén
Authors: SZIKOSSY Ildikó , KARLINGER Kinga , PÁLFI György 
Published: December 2020

In 1994–1995, in the Church of the Whites, the corpses of 265 individuals dressed in funeral clothes, mummified to varying degrees, were unearthed from coffins excavated by the ethnographic museologists of the Ignác Tragor Museum, Vác (Hungary). The individuals were preserved by spontaneous mummification due to the crypt’s unique microclimate and burial pattern.
Signs of an autopsy were found on the body of a 10-year old girl, Maria Theresa of Swartz, who died on the 26th January 1784.
Two incisions were seen on her body: the longitudinal incision extends from the manubrium sterni to the symphysis, the second one is perpendicular to it, and connects the two hip paddles. The wound edges were later sutured, and the suture was partially retained. Since there was no sign of any other opening in the body, the autopsy was apparently aimed at finding out the cause of death and was limited to the area of the suspected disease. Rapid miliary tuberculosis and extrapulmonary bone tuberculosis must have contributed to the child's death; this was demonstrated by radiological examinations and confirmed by paleomicrobiological examination (residues of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detected in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples as well). Another hypothesis is that appendicitis might have caused the death of a child with advanced tuberculosis. In the case of appendicitis, the intestinal function may stop. Suspected abdominal complaints may also have been caused by extrapulmonary gastrointestinal tuberculosis.
AKTIVITAS ANTIMITOSIS HASIL FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK KLOROFORM SPONS Siphanocalina sp TERHADAP SEL ZIGOT BULU BABI Tripneustus gratilla Linn.
Authors: Agustina Rina , Alam Gemini , Lethe Christiana 
Published: December 2020

Kanker merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan karena ketidaknormalan pertumbuhan sel. Resistensi sel kanker pada beberapa jenis obat kanker serta efek samping obat yang begitu besar terhadap sel normal merupakan masalah dalam pengobatan kanker. Hal ini mendorong para peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian guna penemuan obat antikanker baru. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan biota laut yang diperoleh dari perairan di Sulawesi Selatan yaitu spons Siphanocalina sp yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimitosis dari hasil fraksinasi ekstrak kloroform spons Siphanocalina sp. terhadap sel zigot Tripneustus gratilla Linn dan mengetahui golongan komponen kimia yang berperan dalam aktivitas antimitosis tersebut. Pengujian aktivitas antimitosis menggunakan sel zigot yang diperoleh dengan pembuahan sel telur dan sperma Tripneustus gratilla Linn yang dilakukan secara invitro. Sel zigot kemudian diberi perlakuan fraksi-fraksi hasil fraksinasi ekstrak kloroform dengan konsentrasi 100 µg/ml . Fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terbesar selanjutnya dilarutkan dengan pelarut etil asetat sehingga diperoleh subfraksi larut etil asetat dan tidak larut etil asetat. Selanjutnya, uji aktivitas subfraksi larut etil asetat dan tidak larut etil asetat dilakukan dengan konsentrasi 1, 10, dan 100 µg/ml. Pembelahan sel diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya setelah 2 jam inkubasi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa fraksi tidak larut etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antimitosis yang kuat dengan nilai IC 50 15,14 µg/ml. Kontrol positif yang digunakan yaitu vinkristin dengan IC50 sebesar 0,183 µg/ml. Hasil identifikasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis menunjukkan bahwa golongan senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas antimitosis pada fraksi tidak larut etil asetat spons Siphanocalina sp diduga golongan alkaloida.
ISOLASI ACTINOMYCETES SIMBION SPONGE PULAU BARRANG CADDI MAKASSAR SEBAGAI PENGHASIL SENYAWA ANTIMIKROBA
Authors: Rante Herlina - , Alam Gemini , Usmar Usmar , Wahid Sri Ningrum Anggrainy Anggrainy 
Published: December 2020

Sponges as a residence for microorganisms make it a High Microbial Abundance Sponge (HMAS) where 40-60% of the biomass of the sponge consists of microorganisms. One of the bacteria that originates from the sea and has long been known to be breed is Actinomycetes. Actinomycetes that are symbiotic with sponges are very numerous and rich in the discovery of new chemotypes with interesting therapeutic activities that are not found in terrestrial organisms. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes isolates obtained from Barrang Caddi Island sponges. Actinomycetes isolation was carried out by pour and spread plate methods. From seven isolates actinomycetes obtained from sponge collections from Barrang Caddi Island, Makassar City, South Sulawesi are able to inhibit test microbes in initial screening with antagonistic test.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KAYU SECANG (Caesalpinia sappan L.) SECARA SUBKRONIK TERHADAP BOBOT JANTUNG DAN PARU TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Perdana Rezaldi Mahaputra , Amir Muhammad Nur , Mamada Sukamto 
Published: December 2020

Kayu secang merupakan salah satu tanaman yang sering digunakan untuk terapi pengobatan, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengujian untuk mengetahui keamanan dari tanaman tersebut. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) secara subkronik terhadap bobot jantung dan paru tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek toksisitas ekstrak etanol kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) berdasarkan parameter bobot jantung dan paru-paru tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) setelah pemaparan subkronik selama 90 hari. Dua puluh ekor tikus putih dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok 1 kontrol sehat, kelompok 2 NaCMC 1%, kelompok 3 ekstrak etanol kayu secang 400 mg/kg BB, dan kelompok 4 ekstrak etanol kayu secang 1000 mg/kg BB. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 90 hari dengan aturan pemberian 1 kali sehari. Efek toksisitas ditentukan melalui pengukuran bobot jantung dan paru-paru. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kayu secang secara subkronik selama 90 hari tidak menyebabkan toksisitas berdasarkan data bobot jantung dan paru-paru tikus putih jantan yang diperoleh.
Arene Radiofluorination Enabled by Photoredox-Mediated Halide Interconversion
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Hui , Tay Nicholas , Pistritto Vincent , Li Kang-Po , Zhang Tao , Wu Zhanhong , Nicewicz David , Li Zibo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging technology that could visualize and measure metabolic processes in vivo and/or obtain unique information about drug candidates at early stages. Identification of new and improved molecular probes plays a critical role in PET, but its progress is limited in many situations due to the lack of efficient and simple labeling methods to modify biologically active small molecules and/or drugs. Although various approaches have been reported, current methods to radiofluorinate unactivated arenes are still limited. Here we document the discovery of a robust method for constructing C–18F bonds through direct halide/18F conversion in electron-rich halo(hetero)arene substrates. Based on readily available halide precursors and mild photoredox conditions, [18F]F- is efficiently introduced into a broad spectrum of organic molecules, including pharmaceutical compounds in a site-selective manner. Notably, the direct 19F/18F conversion method is demonstrated to be a simple and robust protocol for PET probe screening/preparation: this methodology not only identifies a new cancer imaging agent L-61-18F-COOH after a rapid screening of a tyrosine isomer library; but also allows the simple and high-yielding synthesis of the widely used PET agent L-[18F]FDOPA. Taken together, photoredox-mediated halide/18F interconversion strategies represent an innovative chemical tool to prepare new and clinically significant PET agents that are synthetically inaccessible or cumbersome to achieve by traditional methods.
Hepatic Expression of Cholesterol Regulating Genes Favour Increased Circulating Low-Density Lipoprotein in HIV Infected Patients With Gallstone Disease: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kinoo Suman , Chuturgoon Anil , Singh Bugwan , Nagiah Savania 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: HIV endemic populations are displaying higher incidence of metabolic disorders. HIV and the standard treatment are both associated with altered lipid and cholesterol metabolism, however gallstone disease (a cholesterol related disorder) in Sub-Saharan African populations is rarely investigated. Methods: This study sought to evaluate hepatic expression of key genes in cholesterol metabolism (LDLr, HMGCR, ABCA1) and transcriptional regulators of these genes (microRNA-148a, SREBP2) in HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy presenting with gallstones. Liver biopsies from HIV positive patients (cases: n=5) and HIV negative patients (controls: n=5) were analysed for miR-148a and mRNA expression using quantitative PCR.Results: Circulating total cholesterol was elevated in the HIV positive group with significantly elevated LDL-c levels(3.16±0.64mmol/L) relative to uninfected controls (2.10±0.74mmol/L; p=0.04). A scavenging receptor for LDL-c, LDLr was significantly decreased (0.18-fold) in this group, possibly contributing to higher LDL-c levels. Transcriptional regulator of LDLr, SREBP2 was also significantly lower (0.13-fold) in HIV positive patients. Regulatory microRNA, miR-148a-3p, was reduced in HIV positive patients (0.39-fold) with a concomitant increase in target ABCA1 (1.5-fold), which regulates cholesterol efflux. Conclusions: Collectively these results show that HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy display altered hepatic regulation of cholesterol metabolizing genes, reducing cholesterol scavenging and increasing cholesterol efflux.
Regular swimming session improves metabolic syndrome risk factors in women and men from Palestine: Quasi-experimental study
Authors: Omar Jamal , Jaradat Nidal , Qadoumi Mohammad , Qadoumi Abdel Naser 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Swimming and other aquatic fitness are important aerobic exercises that have been proposed as an effective nonpharmacological approach in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hyperlipidemia, and hypertension (HTN). The current study aimed to assess the effect of long-term swimming sessions on glycemic and lipidemic parameters, body composition, and hemodynamic responses for patients with metabolic risk factors. Methods: Forty participants from both genders with T2DM and HTN (aged 52.4±5.5 yrs) agreed to take part in this quasi-experimental study and were divided into two groups. The first group included the participants who performed long-term swimming sessions and the second group served as the reference. The first group exercised for 2 h, 3 times/week in 29-33 ◦C swimming pool for 16 weeks. While the reference group did not participate in any kind of exercise and advised to keep on with their normal lifestyle. All the obtained metabolic syndrome risk factors data were analyzed using a paired t-test which was applied to separately determine the differences between pre- and post-tests for both genders and groups, and the percentage of change (Δ %) was computed. Independent t-test was applied to determine the differences in the post-tests (Exp. vs Ref) in men patients as well as for women separately. Results: The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 between pre- and post- exercise concerning Total Cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL), Triglycerides (TG), glycemic parameters, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass percent in favor of posttests in the experimental group for both genders. Whereas, no significant differences were found at p≤0.05 between pre- and post-tests for all studied variables in the reference group for both genders. Significant differences were found at p≤0.05 on the post-tests in favor of the experimental for both genders.Conclusion: Findings of the current study suggested that the regular 16 weeks of the conducted swimming sessions could be considered as nonpharmacological approaches in the management of T2DM and HTN.