bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese‐Modulated Cobalt‐Based Layered Double Hydroxide Grown on Nickel Foam with 1D–2D–3D Heterostructure for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Urea Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wang Zhaolong , Hu Yiming , Liu Wenjun , Xu Li , Guan Meili , Zhao Yan , Bao Jian , Li Huaming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHydrogen production by energy‐efficient water electrolysis is a green avenue for the development of contemporary society. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) occurring at the anode are impeded by the sluggish reaction kinetics during the water‐splitting process. Consequently, it is promising to develop bifunctional anodic electrocatalysts consisting of nonprecious metals. Herein, a bifunctional CoMn layered double hydroxide (LDH) was grown on nickel foam (NF) with a 1D–2D–3D hierarchical structure for efficient OER and UOR performance in alkaline solution. Owing to the significant synergistic effect of Mn doping and heterostructure engineering, the obtained Co1Mn1 LDH/NF exhibits satisfactory OER activity with a low potential of 1.515 V to attain 10 mA cm−2. Besides, the potential of the Co1Mn1 LDH/NF catalyst for UOR at the same current density is only 1.326 V, which is much lower than those of its counterparts and most reported electrocatalysts. An urea electrolytic cell with a Co1Mn1 LDH/NF anode and a Pt–C/NF cathode was established, and a low cell voltage of 1.354 V at 10 mA cm−2 was acquired. The optimized strategy may result in promising candidates for developing a new generation of bifunctional electrocatalysts for clean energy production.
Propargylidyne and Pentadiynylidyne Polyfunctionalised Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Frogley Benjamin J. , Hill Anthony F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Pd0/AuI mediated [C1+C2] cross‐coupling reactions of [W(≡CBr)(CO)2(Tp*)] (Tp*=hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) and trimethylsilylethynyl‐substituted arenes afford new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon propargylidynes [W(≡CC≡CR)(CO)2(Tp*)] (R=9‐anthracenyl, 1‐pyrenyl). The strategy extends to the first bis(propargylidyne) and bis(pentadiynylidyne) complexes bridged by phenyl or anthracenyl spacers, and to a tetrakis(propargylidyne) connected through a pyrene core.
Prospective evaluation of the multisensor HeartLogic algorithm for heart failure monitoring
Authors: Santini Luca , D'Onofrio Antonio , Dello Russo Antonio , Calò Leonardo , Pecora Domenico , Favale Stefano , Petracci Barbara , Molon Giulio , Bianchi Valter , De Ruvo Ermenegildo , Ammirati Fabrizio , La Greca Carmelo , Campari Monica , Valsecchi Sergio , Capucci Alessandro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe HeartLogic algorithm measures data from multiple implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator‐based sensors and combines them into a single index. The associated alert has proved to be a sensitive and timely predictor of impending heart failure (HF) decompensation.HypothesisWe describe a multicenter experience of remote HF management by means of HeartLogic and appraise the value of an alert‐based follow‐up strategy.MethodsThe alert was activated in 104 patients. All patients were followed up according to a standardized protocol that included remote data reviews and patient phone contacts every month and at the time of alerts. In‐office examinations were performed every 6 months or when deemed necessary.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 13 (10–16) months, the overall number of HF hospitalizations was 16 (rate 0.15 hospitalizations/patient‐year) and 100 alerts were reported in 53 patients. Sixty alerts were judged clinically meaningful, and were associated with multiple HF‐related conditions. In 48 of the 60 alerts, the clinician was not previously aware of the condition. Of these 48 alerts, 43 triggered clinical actions. The rate of alerts judged nonclinically meaningful was 0.37/patient‐year, and the rate of hospitalizations not associated with an alert was 0.05/patient‐year. Centers performed remote follow‐up assessments of 1113 scheduled monthly transmissions (10.3/patient‐year) and 100 alerts (0.93/patient‐year). Monthly remote data review allowed to detect 11 (1%) HF events requiring clinical actions (vs 43% actionable alerts, P < .001).ConclusionsHeartLogic allowed relevant HF‐related clinical conditions to be identified remotely and enabled effective clinical actions to be taken; the rates of unexplained alerts and undetected HF events were low. An alert‐based management strategy seemed more efficient than a scheduled monthly remote follow‐up scheme.
Optimal hydropower station dispatch using quantum social spider optimization algorithm
Authors: Zhou Guo , Zhao Ruxin , Luo Qifang , Zhou Yongquan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryIn this article, a new quantum social spider optimization (QSSO) algorithm is proposed. In the QSSO algorithm, we introduce an encoding approach based on bits described on social spider optimization (SSO) and serves as the evolution method of the population space. For the encoding of individuals, the probability amplitude expression of quantum bit is applied to describe the position of individuals, by which one individual's position can be expressed as the superposition of multistates. In such a way, the population diversity and the global searching capability of the SSO algorithm are enhanced. The QSSO algorithm was used to optimize the hydropower station dispatch, and the calculation results show that QSSO algorithm has fast convergence, small number of tuning parameters, high calculation accuracy, stability, simple, and is easy to be implemented with strong global search capability.
Neuro‐taxis: Neuronal movement in gradients of chemical and physical environments
Authors: Seo Jeongyeon , Youn Wongu , Choi Ji Yu , Cho Hyeoncheol , Choi Hyunwoo , Lanara Christina , Stratakis Emmanuel , Choi Insung S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEnvironmental chemical and physical cues dynamically interact with migrating neurons and sprouting axons, and in particular, the gradients of environmental cues are regarded as one of the factors intimately involved in the neuronal movement. Since a growth cone was first described by Cajal, more than one century ago, chemical gradients have been suggested as one of the mechanisms by which the neurons determine proper paths and destinations. However, the gradients of physical cues, such as stiffness and topography, which also interact constantly with the neurons and their axons as a component of the extracellular environments, have rarely been noted regarding the guidance of neurons, despite their gradually increasingly reported influences in the case of nonneuronal‐cell migration. In this review, we discuss chemical (i.e., chemo‐ and hapto‐) and physical (i.e., duro‐) taxis phenomena on the movement of neurons including axonal elongation. In addition, we suggest topotaxis, the most recently proposed physical‐taxis phenomenon, as another potential mechanism in the neuronal movement, based on the reports of neuronal recognition of and responses to nanotopography.
Consequences of drought severity for tropical live oak (Quercus oleoides) in Mesoamerica
Authors: Rambal Serge , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Sparks Kimberlee L. , Sparks Jed P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn two Costa Rican and three Honduran sites that vary in rainfall and soil properties, we used natural isotopes, a soil water balance model, and broad‐scale climate‐based drought indices to study shifts in water use with ontogeny from seedlings to mature tropical live oak (Quercus oleoides) trees. Water use patterns help to explain persistence of this broadly distributed species in Mesoamerica and to evaluate likely threats of ongoing climate changes. At the end of the dry season, soil δ18O profiles can be described by one‐phase exponential decay curves. Minimum values reflect geographic origins of the last significant rain event, and curvature is inversely related to canopy closure, demonstrating its role in controlling topsoil evaporation. Partitioning of soil water sources for transpiration was analyzed with a mixing model. In the Costa Rican sites, in a relatively dry year, saplings and mature trees took up water from the upper soil. In a relatively wet year in the Honduran sites, we observed deeper water extraction. In all sites, soil storage dampens extreme variation in water availability. The size dependence of water uptake with larger stems exploiting deeper layers is translated into variation in bulk leaf δ13C‐based water use efficiency (WUE) with the exception of mature trees. From 1932 to 2015, drought severity was evaluated with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) concurrently with simulations of the soil water balance model. Drought occurrence increased, regardless of the time period, averaged across 6, 12, or 24 months. All ontogenetic stages in all populations experienced frequent water limitation. We found evidence for linear trends toward aridification with increases of return periods of drought for October SPEI‐24 declining from 42 to 6 yr in Costa Rica and from 21 to 7 yr in Honduras and recent occurrence of multiyear droughts from 2013 to 2016. October SPEI‐12 and SPEI‐24 were significantly related to the Oceanic Niño Indices demonstrating that local inter‐annual variations in drought severity in Mesoamerica are modulated by large‐scale climate forces. Drought severity in the near‐term future depends on the extent to which the Pacific will adopt a more La Niña‐like vs. a more El Niño‐like state under ongoing climatic changes.
Experimental study of species invasion: early population dynamics and role of disturbance in invasion success
Authors: Reznick David N. , De Bona Sebastiano , López‐Sepulcre Andrés , Torres Mauricio , Bassar Ronald D. , Benzen Paul , Travis Joseph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMuch of our understanding of natural invasions is retrospective, based on data acquired after invaders become established. As a consequence, we know little about the characteristics of the early population growth and habitat use of the invaders during establishment. Here we report on experimental introductions of guppies into natural streams in which we conducted monthly censuses of each population. Two of the four introductions were in streams with thinned canopies, which mimic a common form of habitat disturbance. We conducted similar censuses of natural populations to characterize natural population densities and generate a null distribution against which we could test a priori hypotheses about the establishment of the experimental invaders. We constructed a pedigree for one population, which enabled us to quantify lifetime reproductive success. Population simulations predict that the nature of the introduced population’s life history, in combination with reduced risk of predation in the introduction sites, will result in explosive population growth; however, populations of introduced invaders instead grew to match densities observed in natural streams with intact canopies. Experimental populations in streams with thinned canopies grew to densities that often exceeded those of natural streams with intact canopies. High population densities were associated with the increased use of marginal habitat. Adult females and males that moved into marginal habitat suffered no apparent fitness loss, suggesting lower population densities found there compensated for lower habitat quality. Our results suggest that the ecological setting in which invasions occur plays a role at least comparable in importance to that of the invader’s inherent characteristics in shaping early population growth and habitat use.
Global rheophytes data set: angiosperms and gymnosperms
Authors: Costa Laís Mara Santana , Goetze Márcia , Rodrigues Arthur Vinícius , Seger Guilherme Dubal dos Santos , Bered Fernanda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe term rheophyte describes a biological group of flood‐tolerant plants that are confined to the beds of swift‐running streams and rivers in nature and grow up to flood level, but not beyond the reach of regularly occurring flash floods. Although over 35 yr have passed since the first global census of rheophytes, no updates have been recorded regarding the number of taxa in this biological group in seed plants. Therefore, the present work aimed to (1) review the main topics associated with rheophytism (e.g., morphological characteristics, genetic studies, geographic distribution, conservation, and evolutionary aspects); (2) provide an updated checklist of rheophytes distributed around the world considering the two main groups in seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms); (3) demonstrate the distribution of rheophytism in the angiosperm phylogeny; and (4) estimate the geographical distribution and richness of selected taxa on the world map for the first time. All data compiled for the present study originated from a search of peer‐reviewed articles, secondary literature (theses, dissertations, reports, books, and floras), and electronic facilities. We compiled a data set composed of four taxa in gymnosperms (Podocarpaceae family) and 1,368 taxa (including obligate, facultative, and unclassified rheophytes) distributed in 114 families and 508 genera in angiosperms. Most of the studied taxa belong to eudicotyledons (72.81%), while 1.46% belong to magnoliids, and 25.73% belong to monocotyledons. The families with the highest number of taxa in descending order are Podostemaceae, Araceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Phyllanthaceae, and Poaceae. Of the 114 families plotted in angiosperm phylogeny, at least 80 harbor obligate rheophytes. The geographical distribution of rheophytes in angiosperms, as expected based on the first census of this biological group, is mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions. The high richness of rheophytic taxa was mostly found in southern Mexico, southern China, Borneo, and northern and eastern Australia. In contrast, the geographical distribution of rheophytes in gymnosperms is restricted to New Caledonia and Tasmania. The present study will help to advance knowledge regarding the diversity of rheophytes in angiosperms and gymnosperms while drawing attention to this biological group, which has often been overlooked. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications and teaching events.
Behavioral niche partitioning reexamined: Do behavioral differences predict dietary differences in warblers?
Authors: Kent Cody M. , Sherry Thomas W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBehavioral niche partitioning is an important and widely assumed mechanism for the coexistence of ecologically similar species. Here we assessed this mechanism by testing its core assumption, that evolved differences in foraging behavior correspond with differences in resources consumed. We combined data on foraging behavior, available prey, and observed diets of five coexisting species of New World wood warblers (Parulidae), a system that has been foundational to our understanding of behavioral niche partitioning. Consistent with past work, we found that the five species differed markedly in their foraging behavior, enough that some species pairs hardly overlapped at all in foraging microhabitat. In contrast, the birds overlapped highly in diet, while exhibiting small, interpretable differences in resource use. The high overlap resulted mostly from all five species consuming numerous ants, a prey source that moves between microhabitats. To test the prediction that the large differences in foraging behavior explain the small dietary differences, we generated expected diets based on available prey and foraging microhabitat use. Consistent with niche partitioning as a coexistence mechanism, we found that the small dietary differences were explained by a combination of foraging microhabitat and available prey, but this pattern was driven by only a small number of prey taxa. Thus, we found mixed support for behavioral niche partitioning. Our results indicate that foraging behavior among these bird species helps explain subtle variation in diet, potentially facilitating coexistence. However, our results also revealed a weak relationship between foraging behavior and resource partitioning. Consequently, studies that rely solely on foraging behavior may greatly overestimate the degree of niche differentiation leading to erroneous conclusions. Overall, this study calls into question how and why these differences in foraging behavior evolved, and what role if any they play in facilitating coexistence.
Use of sacubitril/valsartan in non‐compaction cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Bonatto Marcely Gimenes , Albanez Rodrigo , Salemi Vera Maria Cury , Moura Lídia Zytynski 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of sacubitril/valsartan significantly reduces death or hospitalization in patients with ejection fraction < 40%. There is no study evaluating this drug effects in non‐compaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) individuals.The aim of this article is to report a case of a patient with NCCM initially refractory to gold standard treatment and afterwards treated with sacubitril/valsartan and its improvements. This is a case report of a 48‐year‐old woman, presenting with NCCM heart failure, who had received standard guideline‐directed medical therapy for 18 months without any improvement in clinical and echocardiographic parameters. After that period, sacubitril/valsartan was initiated. After 18 months of refractory usage of guideline‐directed medical therapy, sacubitril/valsartan was started, and significant change in functional class (III to I) and important ventricular remodelling were achieved with an improvement of 29% in the ejection fraction, reduction of 7 mm in ventricular diastolic diameter, and mild to none mitral valve functional regurgitation.In this case report, sacubitril/valsartan use was associated with improvement of echocardiographic and clinical parameters in a patient with NCCM.
Using seasonal temperature difference in underground surrounding rocks to cooling ventilation airflow: A conceptual model and simulation study
Authors: Zhu Shuai , Cheng Jianwei , Song Wanting , Borowski Marek , Zhang Yongjun , Yu Baohai , Wang Yue , Qi Chang , Tukkaraja Purushotham , Hua Gang , Xu Yonggang , Ghosh Apurna , Wang Chao , Peng Yun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the gradual development of deep mining, heat hazard has become an increasingly prominent problem, which poses a great threat to the coal mine production. In order to reduce the heat hazard effectively, it is necessary to investigate the temperature distribution characteristics and regulation of the surrounding rock of the mine tunnels. Based on field measurement data from a Chinese coal mine, the present study probes into the dynamic law of periodic variation of the heat regulation circle (HRC) in surrounding rocks, which is featured by the serious heat hazard, and further reveals the evolution characteristics of the physical range of HRC and the temperature field distribution. By analyzing field data, it can be concluded that a total of five typical distribution models of HRC of surrounding rocks are summarized. Influencing factors concerning thermophysical properties, thermal environment conditions of the stratum, and boundary conditions play important roles and affect the formation of such five models. A mathematical model of heat regulation and energy storage of surrounding rocks in a mine tunnel is proposed. Calculations of air temperature–regulating capability of HRC and evaluating its cooling storage capacity are also demonstrated. Using the HRC in rocks for cooling underground ventilation may be a good and green engineering practice for coal mines.
Unanswered Questions: Hereditary breast and gynecological cancer risk assessment in transgender adolescents and young adults
Authors: Sutherland Nykole , Espinel Whitney , Grotzke Marissa , Colonna Sarah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransgender (TG) individuals have higher rates of mortality associated with cancer diagnoses, in part due to avoidance of gender‐assigned cancer screenings resulting in later stages at diagnosis. Knowledge about the risks of breast or gynecological cancer in TG and nonbinary (NB) persons receiving gender‐affirming hormone therapy is limited. Even less information exists regarding the subset of individuals with genetic predisposition for these malignancies. We performed a retrospective literature review of studies from the last 15 years on breast cancer rates and identified risks in TG persons. An accumulating body of data on breast cancer incidence in TG persons suggests higher than previously believed rates of breast cancer in TG women compared with cisgender men and risk correlating with duration of hormone use. Few studies have examined other cancer risks in TG populations. To date, only three publications address the association withBRCA1/2mutation presence and breast cancer incidence in TG persons. Meanwhile, there is growing awareness and social acceptance of TG/NB identities coupled with recognition of gender dysphoria at increasingly earlier ages. No information directly addressing cancer risk counseling in TG/NB adolescents and young adults with a family history of cancer or hereditary cancer syndrome exists. Whether the presence of a known genetic predisposition or strong family cancer history may affect cancer risk in these populations is unknown, leading to significant gaps in clinicians’ ability to accurately and appropriately estimate cancer risks and counsel those with genetic predisposition on the risks/benefits associated with surgical options and the initiation, duration, and dosing of gender‐affirming hormone therapies. A series of three cases illustrates the utility of cancer risk assessment and genetic testing in TG/NB adolescents and young adults, and the unique challenges and unanswered questions that are encountered in the process.
Prediction of outcome of treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis using principal component analysis and artificial intelligence
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C , Rai Sushmita , Kulkarni Akshay , Gupta Ankur 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAbout 15% patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) fail to respond to medical treatment and may require colectomy. An early prediction of response may help the treating team and the patients and their family to prepare for alternative treatment options.MethodsData of 263 patients (mean age 37.0 ± 14.0‐years, 176, 77% male) with acute severe UC admitted during a 12‐year period were used to study predictors of response using univariate analysis, multivariate linear principal component analysis (PCA), and nonlinear artificial neural network (ANN).ResultsOf 263 patients, 231 (87.8%) responded to the initial medical treatment that included oral prednisolone (n = 14, 5.3%), intravenous (IV) hydrocortisone (n = 238, 90.5%), IV cyclosporine (n = 9, 3.4%), and inflixmab (n = 2, 0.7%), and 28 (10.6%) did not respond and the remaining 4 (1.5%) died, all of whom did were also nonresponders. Nonresponding patients had to stay longer in the hospital and died more often. On univariate analysis, the presence of complications, the need for use of cyclosporin, lower Hb, platelets, albumin, serum potassium, and higher C‐reactive protein were predictors of nonresponse. Hb and albumin were strong predictive factors on both PCA and ANN. Though the nonlinear modeling using ANN had a good predictive accuracy for the response, its accuracy for predicting nonresponse was lower.ConclusionIt is possible to predict the response to medical treatment in patients with UC using linear and nonlinear modeling technique. Serum albumin and Hb are strong predictive factors.