bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in myocardial infarction patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jia Qiufeng , Zuo Ankai , Song Hui , Zhang Chengrui , Fu Xiangrui , Hu Keqing , An Fengshuang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are known to improve cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with heart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their efficacy following myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear.Materials and MethodsA systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov. Primary outcomes included hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), cardiovascular (CV) death, a composite of HHF or CV death, all‐cause death, major cardiovascular events (MACE), recurrent MI, severe arrhythmia, renal injury and stroke. Secondary outcomes targeted improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV).ResultsThirteen studies comprising 22 370 patients were included. Meta‐analysis revealed that SGLT2 inhibitors reduced HHF (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.78, p < 0.001), combined HHF or CV death (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.99, p = 0.028), all‐cause mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93, p = 0.002), MACE (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.88, p = 0.004), recurrent MI (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.94, p = 0.007), severe arrhythmia (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.85, p = 0.009) and renal injury (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.87, p = 0.002). Improvement in LVEF (MD 3.96%, 95% CI 2.52 to 5.40; p < 0.001) and LVEDV (MD −5.52 mL, 95% CI −10.21 to −0.83; p = 0.021) was notably greater in the SGLT2 inhibitors group.ConclusionsIn post‐MI patients, we first found that SGLT2 inhibitors significantly lowered the risk of HHF, combined CV death or HHF, all‐cause death, MACE, recurrent MI, severe arrhythmias and renal injury. Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors improved LVEF and LVEDV.
Metformin lowers risk of hearing loss and mortality in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huang Chun‐Chih , Hsu Rui‐Fong , Chen Wan‐Ming , Shia Ben‐Chang , Wu Szu‐Yuan , Huang Chun‐Chi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess the association between metformin use and the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a population at elevated risk for SSNHL.Materials and MethodsThis cohort study utilized data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, following T2D patients from 2008 to 202 database's baseline. Metformin use was defined as achieving ≥80% of the medication possession ratio (MPR) and ≥28 cumulative defined daily doses (cDDD) within three months. The control group included patients with ≥80% MPR from other antidiabetic agents, ensuring active treatment comparability. Propensity score matching was applied to balance covariates, while competing risk models accounted for mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs), incidence rates (IRs), and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated.ResultsMetformin users demonstrated a lower SSNHL incidence (IR: 11.48 per 10,000 person‐years) compared to non‐users (IR: 15.66 per 10,000 person‐years), with an IRR of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.66–0.82; p < 0.0001). Adjusted HRs indicated a 27% reduction in SSNHL risk (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.66–0.82). Higher cumulative doses (Q4: HR 0.36; 95% CI: 0.29–0.46) and daily doses ≥1 DDD (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69–0.87) were linked to further risk reductions. Metformin use was also associated with lower overall mortality.ConclusionsMetformin use is associated with a dose‐dependent reduction in SSNHL risk and lower mortality in T2D patients. The rigorous definitions of metformin exposure and an actively treated comparator group emphasize these findings, suggesting metformin's potential role in SSNHL prevention and improved survival.
TP53 Mutation Is the Only Robust Mutational Biomarker for Outcome Found in a Consecutive Clinical Cohort of Real‐Word Patients With Primary Large B‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Breinholt Marie Fredslund , Schejbel Lone , Gang Anne Ortved , Christensen Ib Jarle , Nielsen Torsten Holm , Pedersen Lars Møller , Høgdall Estrid , Nørgaard Peter 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionLarge B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL) taxonomy has moved in the direction of a molecular classification, but further clinical experience is needed. We present high‐risk gene mutations, which predict outcome in an exploratory study of a consecutive real‐world cohort of patients with primary LBCL treated with R‐CHOP or R‐CHOP‐like therapy.MethodsThe study was a Registry Study Research Project. Sixty‐one patients with LBCL, who had a diagnostic tumor sample successfully examined with a 59‐gene next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel as a part of routine clinical work, were included in an otherwise unselected cohort. Data were extracted from patient files and pathology reports.ResultsMutations in NOTCH2 (HR 9.69; 95% CI [2.46–38.11]; p = 0.0012), PRDM1 (HR 3.54; 95% CI [1.03–12.22]; p = 0.045), and TP53 (HR 5.89; 95% CI [1.71–20.32]; p = 0.005) were significantly associated with inferior survival in patients with primary LBCL treated with intention to cure with at least three series of R‐CHOP or R‐CHOP‐like therapy. Neither MYD88 (HR 0.66; 95% CI (0.17–2.49), p = 0.54) nor CD79B (HR 0.84;95% CI (0.18–3.88), p = 0.82) mutations were associated with inferior survival.ConclusionWith a targeted gene panel and NGS methodology feasible in daily diagnostic routine, we identified high‐risk gene mutations with a significant prognostic impact of which TP53 mutations were reproducible across validation cohorts.
Effects of Trophic State on the Composition and Distribution of Bacteria in the Surface Sediments of Lake Taihu
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Tao Yuqiang , Yu Ning 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT1. The trophic state of water significantly affects the structure of bacterial communities in sediments. The direct and indirect impacts of trophic state, along with trophic‐induced changes in the properties of organic matter, on the composition and distribution of bacteria in sediments, remain largely unknown.2. We collected surface sediments from 21 sites across five areas of Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake in China. These sites represented a range of trophic states from mesotrophic to moderately eutrophic. We investigated how trophic state influences bacterial composition and distribution in the surface sediments of Lake Taihu.3. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla identified in the DNA sequences of surface sediments from the sampling sites in Lake Taihu, regardless of the water trophic state. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in the surface sediments increased with trophic level index (TLI) of the water column. In contrast, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Fibrinobacteria decreased with increasing TLI. The α‐biodiversity of the sediment bacterial community in Lake Taihu did not vary significantly among different water trophic states. However, surface sediments from sites with varied trophic states exhibited different groups of bacteria that were either specifically present or in higher relative abundance.4. Several factors influenced the sediment bacterial communities in Lake Taihu, including sediment total nitrogen, sediment total phosphorus, sediment organic carbon, δ13C and trophic state. However, the primary influencing factors varied between sites and trophic states. For mesotrophic states, sediment organic carbon was the most important factor, while for moderately eutrophic states, trophic state was the most significant factor.5. Our findings provide evidence for both the direct and indirect influences of water trophic state on the composition and distribution of bacteria in sediments.
Artificial Light Increases Nighttime Prevalence of Predatory Fishes, Altering Community Composition on Coral Reefs
Authors: Weschke Emma , Schligler Jules , Hely Isla , Roost Thibaut , Schies Jo‐Ann , Williams Ben , Dworzanski Bartosz , Mills Suzanne C. , Beldade Ricardo , Simpson Stephen D. , Radford Andrew N. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTArtificial light at night (ALAN) is an anthropogenic pollutant that is intensifying and expanding in marine environments, but experimental studies of community‐level effects are generally lacking. The inshore, shallow, and clear‐water locations of coral reefs and their diverse photosensitive inhabitants make these ecosystems highly susceptible to biological disturbances; at the same time, their biodiversity and accessibility make them model systems for wider insight. Here, we experimentally manipulated ALAN using underwater LED lights on a Polynesian reef system to investigate the influence on localised nighttime fish communities compared to control sites without ALAN. We collected infrared video censuses of baseline communities prior to manipulation, which we repeated following short‐term (mean of three nights) and prolonged (mean of 25 nights) exposures to ALAN. Short‐term ALAN exposure did not induce any significant alterations to the nighttime fish community, but prolonged ALAN exposure increased nighttime species richness. Species compositions exposed to prolonged ALAN were more dissimilar from their baseline compared to control sites. The difference between community compositions at prolonged ALAN exposure and control sites was not apparent at the family level; instead, it was observed from the composition of trait guilds. Following prolonged ALAN exposure, more diurnal and nocturnal predatory species (piscivores, invertivores, and planktivores)—particularly those that are site‐attached or mobile within reefs—were present in nighttime assemblages. Our experimental findings show that coastal ALAN could cause trophic imbalances and circadian disturbances in localised nighttime reef fish communities. Given that community‐wide consequences were only apparent after prolonged ALAN exposure suggests that management of the duration of artificial lighting could potentially be used to reduce impacts on marine ecosystems.
Survival of 13 Forage Legumes in Contrasting Environments of Central Otago, New Zealand
Authors: Bell Lucy E. , Moir Jim L. , Black Alistair D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe lack of suitable perennial and annual forage legumes strongly constrains the productivity and sustainability of upland grasslands in New Zealand. Legumes support sustainable grassland production through nitrogen fixation and increased yields. However, traditional legume species such as white clover (Trifolium repens L.) struggle to persist within New Zealand's upland climatic and edaphic conditions characterised by acid, low fertility soils and short growing seasons. To address this challenge, we assessed the survival of 13 forage legume species over 2 years at three field sites across Central Otago, capturing the districts varied precipitation and temperature profiles. Legume survival rates, biomass and weather data were measured. Notably, lotus (Lotus pedunculatus Cav.) exhibited 100% survival over the 2 years on high altitude acidic, low fertility soils, whereas other perennial legume species showed limited persistence (0%–55% survival) and low biomass production. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) had the greatest Year 1 establishment and biomass of annual legumes species at low and medium rainfall sites. Moreover, strong Year 1 seed set and subsequent regeneration in Year 2 were observed for crimson clover, striated clover (Trifolium striatum L.), and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) (cvs. Denmark and Narrikup). These findings underscore the potential of these annual legume species in dryland environments due to their regeneration capacity before summer drought onset. Climate emerged as a pivotal determinant influencing the viability of less resilient species across all trial locations. Lotus and crimson clover are alternative legume species with the potential to enhance sustainable grassland productivity in New Zealand's upland farming systems.
Real‐World Data on Patients With Acquired Haemophilia A in Japan Undergoing Rehabilitation or With Low Activities of Daily Living Scores: The ORIHIME II Study
Authors: Ogawa Yoshiyuki , Amano Kagehiro , Sugao Yoshimasa , Nosaka Daisuke , Murakami Yoichi , Adachi Hiroki , Nogami Keiji 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAcquired haemophilia A (AHA) is characterized by the development of autoantibodies against factor VIII, reducing its activity and potentially resulting in bleeding.AimTo assess the characteristics of people with AHA undergoing rehabilitation and/or with low activities of daily living (ADL) scores, thereby characterizing unmet needs in the management of AHA and informing treatment optimization.MethodsORIHIME II, the largest epidemiological and treatment survey of AHA in Japan, is a descriptive, retrospective, observational study conducted using health claims data from April 2008 to October 2021. The primary outcome measures were rehabilitation practice and ADL scores on hospital admission and discharge; use of haemostatic agents and immunosuppressive therapy were also assessed.ResultsOverall, 427 patients in Japan were eligible for the study. Median (Q1–Q3) age was 78.0 (70.0–84.0) years; 264 patients (61.8%) were male. Median (Q1–Q3) time to start rehabilitation was 9 (4–21) and 14 (6–31) days for those with an admission ADL score of <85 and ≥85, respectively. Of the 427 patients, 249 underwent rehabilitation. The most common rehabilitation type was for disuse syndrome; haemostatic agents were more commonly used in patients undergoing earlier rehabilitation.ConclusionThe physical condition of the patient at hospitalization was associated with rehabilitation practice and the ability of the patient to perform day‐to‐day activities independently. Treatment strategies should be optimized to allow initiation of rehabilitation as early as possible in the course of AHA.
Pain‐Related Quality of Life Outcomes in People With Haemophilia A Receiving Emicizumab: A Post Hoc Analysis of the HAVEN 1, 3 and 4 and STASEY Studies
Authors: Hermans Cedric , Skinner Mark W. , Gentile Brittany , Lim Elise , Minhas Miranda , Moreno Katya , Tzeng Eunice , Buckner Tyler W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPeople with haemophilia A (PwHA) experience acute and chronic pain associated with reduced quality of life (QoL).AimsThis post hoc analysis of pooled data from the HAVEN 1 (NCT02622321), 3 (NCT02847637), 4 (NCT03020160) and STASEY (NCT0319179) studies assessed the impact of emicizumab prophylaxis on pain‐related QoL in PwHA.MethodsPwHA received emicizumab during the four studies. In this analysis, pain was assessed using patient‐reported responses to pain‐specific questions from the Haem‐A‐QoL/Haemo‐QoL‐SF and the pain/discomfort dimension of the EQ‐5D‐5L. Responses were recorded at baseline and at regular intervals for up to 78 weeks following treatment initiation. Additional analyses evaluated the population with target joints at baseline, and the overall population stratified by age, factor (F)VIII inhibitor status and prior treatment.ResultsAt the data cut‐off, 504 PwHA had been treated across the four studies; 464 and 470 completed the Haem‐A‐QoL/Haemo‐QoL‐SF and the EQ‐5D‐5L, respectively. Improvements in pain‐related QoL were observed by Week 13 of emicizumab prophylaxis and maintained through Week 78. In the overall population, responses of ‘never/rarely’ for ‘my swellings hurt’ and ‘pain in joints’ increased from 37.0% and 30.0% at baseline to 84.0% and 61.0% by Week 13, suggesting reductions in acute and chronic pain, respectively. Similar improvements were seen in the target joint population, and across all strata. Greater improvements were observed in younger versus older PwHA.ConclusionPain‐related QoL improved with emicizumab prophylaxis regardless of target joints, age, FVIII inhibitor status or prior treatment. Haemophilia‐specific assessments are needed to accurately capture and characterize pain in PwHA.
Factors Influencing the Oral Health Behaviours of Autistic Children and Young People: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Erwin Jo , Neill Sarah , Vassallo Tara , Vassallo Isaac , Witton Rob , Paisi Martha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPoor oral health (OH) in childhood can cause pain, affect quality of life and significantly impact adult OH. Autistic children and young people (CYP) experience inequalities in OH and are at higher risk of cavities and gum disease than neurotypical CYP.ObjectiveTo provide evidence and insights into the factors affecting the OH behaviours of ACYP from the perspective of ACYP, their parents/carers and Dental Health Professionals (DHPs).MethodSemi‐structured online or face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with CYP, parents/carers and DHPs in Southwest England.ResultsNineteen ACYP (aged 5–18 years old), 20 parents/carers and 16 DHPs were interviewed. The themes identified were as follows: Sensory sensitivities and diet; Toothbrushing ‘battles’; Coping with the stresses of daily life in a neurotypical world; Awareness of autism and understanding of challenges to good OH; The impact on parents of trying to care their child's OH; CYP and parent/carers difficulties in obtaining OH support; What ‘good support’ looks like.ConclusionsAn increased awareness among DHPs, health and social care professionals of autism and the challenges to OH that CYP face is needed. Providing early support, strategies and resources to CYP and their parents/carers has the potential to help establish positive OH behaviours.Public ContributionThe research team worked closely with members of the autistic community on this project. The methods used in this project were developed together with a research advisory group which included four ACYP (aged 9–17) and their parents. The team also worked with members of a youth club for ACYP aged 10–17 years old. All research documents and materials were co‐produced. Members of the advisory group (T.V. and I.V.) contributed to the interpretation of the research findings and the writing of this manuscript.
Crystallographic assessment and thermal expansion fine‐tuning of quartz solid solutions in the ZnO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system
Authors: Da Fonseca Beatriz Paiva , Helsch Gundula , Zandonà Alessio , Deubener Joachim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlass powders with compositions within the ZnO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 system (without the addition of nucleating agents) were synthesized by spray‐drying and carefully crystallized to obtain stuffed quartz solid solutions (Qz‐ss). The substitution of Zn by Mg causes an increase in the crystallization temperature and the composition of Qz‐ss varies during their formation, highlighting a nonisochemical precipitation with respect to the parent glass. A change from a low‐temperature modification of Qz‐ss to a high‐temperature modification was visible for Qz‐ss containing 80 or 90 mol% SiO2. The high‐temperature modification of Mg‐ and (Zn,Mg)‐Qz‐ss displays negative thermal expansion for SiO2 content equal to 90 mol%, but a positive one for 80 and 67 mol%. In contrast, the high‐temperature modifications of Zn‐Qz‐ss show a negative thermal expansion for the three SiO2 contents studied. The properties of (Zn,Mg)‐Qz‐ss containing 67 mol% SiO2 cannot be predicted by a linear interpolation between Zn‐Qz‐ss and Mg‐Qz‐ss. A (Zn,Mg)‐Qz‐ss with zero thermal expansion was crystallized by modulating SiO2 content and Mg/Zn ratio.
The effect of local geometry and relative energy on grain boundary area changes during grain growth in SrTiO3
Authors: Muralikrishnan Vivekanand , Xu Zipeng , Rohrer Gregory S. , Krause Amanda R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study uses high‐energy X‐ray diffraction microscopy of SrTiO3 to identify correlations between grain boundary (GB) area changes and the motion direction of neighboring GBs to investigate interfacial energy minimization mechanisms during grain growth. The local GB area changes were measured near triple lines (TLs) to isolate the effects of neighboring GBs. These area changes were then correlated to the migration direction and curvature of the neighboring GBs present at the TL, providing an alternative metric associated with lateral expansion for describing GB migration. Additionally, this study extracted GB dihedral angles, which reflect the relative GB energy, to test whether low energy GBs replace high energy GBs (i.e., GB replacement mechanism) and, thus, can be used to predict a GB's migration direction. The majority of GBs did not exhibit local area changes reflective of the GB replacement mechanism, and the dihedral angles were not reliable indicators of GB motion. However, the expansion and shrinkage of GBs moving away from their center of curvature was more often consistent with the grain boundary replacement mechanism. These results suggest that growth for certain GB configurations is governed by relative energy differences while others are governed by curvature.
Replicating What Motivates Conflicting Groups to Engage in Competitive Victimhood: The Roles of Need for Power and Need for Morality
Authors: Halabi Samer , Masi Noor , Dovidio John F. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBecause of the growing evidence pointing to the adverse impact of competitive victimhood on intergroup relations, research has focused on revealing what motivates conflicting groups to engage in competitive victimhood. Whereas Sullivan et al. showed that need for morality—that is, protecting ingroup's moral identity—predicted engagement in competitive victimhood, Kahalon et al. found that when considered simultaneously, need for power was the primary motivator of competitive victimhood. The main objective of the present research was to replicate Kahalon et al.'s Study 1 findings, testing the robustness of their results by conducting it in the context of a unique threat (i.e., COVID‐19). Our results, involving a well‐powered sample of Jews (N = 205) and Arabs (N = 152) living in Israel, demonstrated that while need for morality and need for power individually related to competitive victimhood, when included simultaneously in a regression need for power but not need morality predicted competitive victimhood among members of both a disadvantaged group (Arabs living in Israel) and an advantaged group (Jews living in Israel). Replicating the results from Kahalon et al. in the unique context of the COVID‐19 indicates the persistent position that competitive victimhood plays in Arab‐Jewish intergroup relations and helps to illuminate its underlying dynamics.
SE‐lncRNAs in Cancer: Classification, Subcellular Localisation, Function and Corresponding TFs
Authors: Bao Yuxin , Teng Songling , Zhai Hanjie , Zhang Yuanzhuang , Xu Yeqiu , Li Chenghao , Chen Zhenjun , Ren Fu , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEmerging evidence highlights certain long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed from or interacting with super‐enhancer (SE) regulatory elements. These lncRNAs, known as SE‐lncRNAs, are strongly linked to cancer and regulate cancer progression through multiple interactions with downstream targets. The expression of SE‐lncRNAs is controlled by various transcription factors (TFs), and dysregulation of these TFs can contribute to cancer development. In this review, we discuss the characteristics, classification and subcellular distribution of SE‐lncRNAs and summarise the role of key TFs in the transcription and regulation of SE‐lncRNAs. Moreover, we examine the distinct functions and potential mechanisms of SE‐lncRNAs in cancer progression.