bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS DE EAD NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: EVOLUÇÃO HISTÓRICA E ALGUMAS ANÁLISES
Authors: Orth Miguel Alfredo , Mangan Patrícia Kayser Vargas , Neves Marcus Freitas 
Published: November 2019

O artigo discute as políticas públicas brasileiras de Educação a Distância (EaD) com foco no ensino superior a partir da proposição de uma linha do tempo dividida em duas fases e quatro ciclos. Metodologicamente, apoia-se na revisão de literatura da área e na pesquisa documental. Entre os resultados destacamos a do amparo legal que a EaD obteve na década de 2000, bem como o conjunto de políticas públicas que foram pensadas para estimular e regular a EaD nas IES do Brasil. Além disso, destacamos a contradição que emerge entre o enunciado do artigo 67 da LDB nº 9.394/96, que fala da valorização dos profissionais da educação e o processo de precarização das condições de trabalho dos profissionais da educação em EaD, e da contradição que emerge entre os projetos pedagógicos e a concepção de tutoria que a maioria dos cursos apresenta.
Study of Congenital Ocular Anomalies Prevalent in Routine Eye OPD in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Shukla Abha , Matoli Dinesh 
Published: November 2019

Aims: Congenital ocular anomalies require treatment, visual rehabilitation and genetic counselling. Goes undetected in neonates and children due to lack of routine eye checkup. Diagnosed later during eye examination or when come for disability certificate.
Study Design: Prospective and observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: We conducted study at tertiary care hospital, over a period of six months (from January 2018 to June 2018).
Methodology: Patients with congenital ocular anomalies irrespective of their age were identified. Findings were confirmed by detailed ocular examination and investigations when required. Whatever best management like correcting refractive error, surgery, low vision aids or rehabilitation was advised. Those having acquired defects giving similar appearance as in congenital anomalies, cases of ocular trauma, infections, with prior surgical intervention were excluded.
Results: Over a period of six months 128 eyes were detected with congenital ocular anomalies. The most common anomalies were microphthalmos, microcornea and iris coloboma seen in 85 eyes. Other congenital anomalies were congenital cataract, nystagmus, anophthalmos, aniridia, congenital glaucoma, Ankyloblepharon, coloboma of disc, congenital esotropia, lid coloboma, congenital ptosis, axenfield anomaly, limbal dermoid.
Conclusion: Patient with congenital ocular anomalies and their parents should be counseled regarding possible current treatment, visual prognosis and genetic counselling regardless of age and time of presentation.
Singlet Oxygen‐Generating Biomaterials
Authors: Liu Yuting , Yu Shancheng , Yang Ping , Hu Benhui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of noninvasive therapeutic methods that can effectively cure tumors and invading bacteria. The phototoxicity involved in PDT is attributed to singlet oxygen produced by the photosensitizer. Generally, absorption of light and intersystem crossing with oxygen can promote photosensitizer to excited state and generate radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in which singlet oxygen is included. Modern developments in materials science and technology result in various types of biomaterials that can be utilized to produce singlet oxygen, performing active PDT for biomedical applications.
Rapid uncertainty propagation and chance‐constrained path planning for small unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Berning Andrew W. , Girard Anouck , Kolmanovsky Ilya , D'Souza Sarah N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith the number of small unmanned aircraft systems in the national airspace projected to increase in the next few years, there is growing interest in a traffic management system capable of handling the demands of this aviation sector. It is expected that such a system will involve trajectory prediction, uncertainty propagation, and path planning algorithms. In this work, we use linear covariance propagation in combination with a quadratic programming‐based collision detection algorithm to rapidly validate declared flight plans. Additionally, these algorithms are combined with a dynamic informed RRT∗ algorithm, resulting in a computationally efficient algorithm for chance‐constrained path planning. Detailed numerical examples for both fixed‐wing and quadrotor small unmanned aircraft system models are presented.
Emerging Soft Conductors for Bioelectronic Interfaces
Authors: Gao Dace , Parida Kaushik , Lee Pooi See 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBidirectional interfacing between electrodes and biological systems has enabled diagnostics and therapeutics in modern medicine; however, the inherent dissimilarity between the soft, ion‐rich, dynamic biological tissues and the rigid, dry, static electronic systems hinders the establishment of effective and reliable bioelectronic interfaces. In the past decade, the scope of flexible/stretchable electronics has been broadened into bioelectronics owing to the need of implementation of various biocompatible soft conductors. Herein, the basic requirements for the construction of both epidermal and implantable bioelectronic interfaces utilizing soft materials are discussed, the most recent progress in the development of soft conductors, which are customized to interface with skin and other tissues, are summarized. An outlook into the remaining obstacles is provided and possible strategies to facilitate technological advances in bioelectronics are also outlined.
Acoustic Holographic Cell Patterning in a Biocompatible Hydrogel
Authors: Ma Zhichao , Holle Andrew W. , Melde Kai , Qiu Tian , Poeppel Korbinian , Kadiri Vincent Mauricio , Fischer Peer 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcoustophoresis is promising as a rapid, biocompatible, noncontact cell manipulation method, where cells are arranged along the nodes or antinodes of the acoustic field. Typically, the acoustic field is formed in a resonator, which results in highly symmetric regular patterns. However, arbitrary, nonsymmetrically shaped cell assemblies are necessary to obtain the irregular cellular arrangements found in biological tissues. It is shown that arbitrarily shaped cell patterns can be obtained from the complex acoustic field distribution defined by an acoustic hologram. Attenuation of the sound field induces localized acoustic streaming and the resultant convection flow gently delivers the suspended cells to the image plane where they form the designed pattern. It is shown that the process can be implemented in a biocompatible collagen solution, which can then undergo gelation to immobilize the cell pattern inside the viscoelastic matrix. The patterned cells exhibit F‐actin‐based protrusions, which indicate that the cells grow and thrive within the matrix. Cell viability assays and brightfield imaging after one week confirm cell survival and that the patterns persist. Acoustophoretic cell manipulation by holographic fields thus holds promise for noncontact, long‐range, long‐term cellular pattern formation, with a wide variety of potential applications in tissue engineering and mechanobiology.
High‐Voltage Aqueous Na‐Ion Battery Enabled by Inert‐Cation‐Assisted Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Jiang Liwei , Liu Lilu , Yue Jinming , Zhang Qiangqiang , Zhou Anxing , Borodin Oleg , Suo Liumin , Li Hong , Chen Liquan , Xu Kang , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWater‐in‐salt (WiS) electrolytes provide a new pathway to widen the electrochemical window of aqueous electrolytes. However, their formulation strongly depends on the solubility of the chosen salts, imposing a stringent restriction on the number of possible WiS systems. This issue becomes more severe for aqueous Na‐ion batteries (ANIBs) owing to the relatively lower solubility of sodium salts compared to its alkaline cousins (Li, K, and Cs). A new class of the inert‐cation‐assisted WiS (IC‐WiS) electrolytes containing the tetraethylammonium (TEA+) inert cation is reported. The Na IC‐WiS electrolyte at a superhigh concentration of 31 mol kg–1 exhibits a wide electrochemical window of 3.3 V, suppresses transition metal dissolution from the cathode, and ensures singular intercalation of Na into both cathode and anode electrodes during cycling, which is often problematic in mixed alkali cation systems such as K–Na and Li–Na. Owing to these unique advantages of the IC‐WiS electrolyte, the NaTiOPO4 anode and Prussian blue analog Na1.88Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.97·1.35H2O cathode can be coupled to construct a full ANIB, delivering an average voltage of 1.74 V and a high energy density of 71 Wh kg−1 with a capacity retention of 90% after 200 cycles at 0.25C and of 76% over 800 cycles at 1C.
A Bacterial Photosynthetic Enzymatic Unit Modulating Organic Transistors with Light
Authors: Di Lauro Michele , la Gatta Simona , Bortolotti Carlo A. , Beni Valerio , Parkula Vitaliy , Drakopoulou Sofia , Giordani Martina , Berto Marcello , Milano Francesco , Cramer Tobias , Murgia Mauro , Agostiano Angela , Farinola Gianluca M. , Trotta Massimo , Biscarini Fabio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe photochemical core of every photosynthetic apparatus is the reaction center, a transmembrane enzyme that converts photons into charge‐separated states across the biological membrane with an almost unitary quantum yield. A light‐responsive organic transistor architecture, which converts light into electrical current by exploiting the efficiency of this biological machinery, is presented. Proper surface tailoring enables the integration of the bacterial reaction center as photoactive element in organic transistors, allowing the transduction of its photogenerated voltage into photomodulation of the output current up to two orders of magnitude. This device architecture, termed light‐responsive electrolyte‐gated organic transistor, is the prototype of a new generation of low‐power hybrid bio‐optoelectronic organic devices.
Light‐Stimulated Artificial Synapses Based on 2D Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Fang Lu , Dai Shilei , Zhao Yiwei , Liu Dapeng , Huang Jia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2D organic semiconductors (OSCs) with atomically layered scaling structure have been attracting intensive attention in recent years. Benefiting from their unique size advantages, 2D materials have the potential to be immune to short‐channel effects. High‐performance photoresponsive transistors based on 2D OSC films with excellent light‐stimulated synaptic properties are reported. They exhibit a high Iphoto/Idark (up to 1.7 × 105), a competitive photoresponsivity (up to 3 × 103 A W−1), and an ultrahigh detectivity (exceeding 1014 Jones). More interestingly, synapse‐like behaviors including short‐term plasticity and learning ability are successfully imitated. The 2D OSC films are prepared by a solution epitaxy method eliminating the effect of dielectric surface on the morphology of the deposited OSC films, which also simplifies the understanding of the photoresponse mechanism. It is believed that, by comparing the device performance with and without surface modification, synapse‐like behaviors are derived from the interfacial charge trap effect. This is the first report of 2D OSC‐based light‐stimulated synaptic devices. This work not only expands the material selection range of current synaptic electronics, but may also provide an alternative simple and effective solution for the size‐scaling of synaptic transistors in neuromorphic chips.
Water turnover among human populations: Effects of environment and lifestyle
Authors: Swanson Zane S. , Pontzer Herman 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo discuss the environmental and lifestyle determinants of water balance in humans and identify the gaps in current research regarding water use across populations. Methods: We investigated intraspecific variation in water turnover by comparing data derived from a large number of human populations measured using either dietary survey or isotope tracking. We also used published data from a broad sample of mammalian species to identify the interspecific relationship between body mass and water turnover.ResultsWater facilitates nearly all physiological tasks and water turnover is strongly related to body size among mammals (r2=0.90). Within humans, however, the effect of body size is small. Instead, water intake and turnover vary with lifestyle and environmental conditions. Notably, despite living physically active lives in conditions that should increase water demands, the available measures of water intake and turnover among small‐scale farming and pastoralist communities are broadly similar to those in less active, industrialized populations.ConclusionsMore work is required to better understand the environmental, behavioral, and cultural determinants of water turnover in humans living across a variety of ecosystems and lifestyles. The results of such work are made more vital by the climate crisis, which threatens the water security of millions around the globe.
Phenotypic expansion of POGZ‐related intellectual disability syndrome (White‐Sutton syndrome)
Authors: Assia Batzir Nurit , Posey Jennifer E. , Song Xiaofei , Akdemir Zeynep Coban , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Brown Chester W. , Chen Emily , Holtrop Shannon G. , Mizerik Elizabeth , Nieto Moreno Margarita , Payne Katelyn , Raas‐Rothschild Annick , Scott Richard , Vernon Hilary J. , Zadeh Neda ,   Baylor‐Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Lupski James R. , Sutton V. Reid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhite‐Sutton syndrome (WHSUS) is a recently‐identified genetic disorder resulting from de novo heterozygous pathogenic variants in POGZ. Thus far, over 50 individuals have been reported worldwide, however phenotypic characterization and data regarding the natural history are still incomplete. Here we report the clinical features of 22 individuals with 21 unique loss of function POGZ variants. We observed a broad spectrum of intellectual disability and/or developmental delay with or without autism, and speech delay in all individuals. Other common problems included ocular abnormalities, hearing loss and gait abnormalities. A validated sleep disordered breathing questionnaire identified symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea in 4/12 (33%) individuals. A higher‐than‐expected proportion of cases also had gastrointestinal phenotypes, both functional and anatomical, as well as genitourinary anomalies. In line with previous publications, we observed an increased body mass index (BMI) z‐score compared to the general population (mean 0.59, median 0.9; p 0.0253). Common facial features included microcephaly, broad forehead, midface hypoplasia, triangular mouth, broad nasal root and flat nasal bridge. Analysis of the Baylor Genetics clinical laboratory database revealed that POGZ variants were implicated in approximately 0.14% of cases who underwent clinical exome sequencing for neurological indications with or without involvement of other body systems. This study describes a greater allelic series and expands the phenotypic spectrum of this new syndromic form of intellectual disability and autism.
Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Trial of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Autoimmune LGI1/CASPR2 Epilepsy
Authors: Dubey Divyanshu , Britton Jeffrey , McKeon Andrew , Gadoth Avi , Zekeridou Anastasia , Lopez Chiriboga Sebastian A. , Devine Michelle , Cerhan Jane H. , Dunlay Katie , Sagen Jessica , Ramberger Melanie , Waters Patrick , Irani Sarosh R. , Pittock Sean J. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveDrug‐resistant seizures are common in patients with leucine‐rich, glioma‐inactivated 1 (LGI1)‐IgG associated and contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 (CASPR2)‐IgG associated encephalitis. We performed the first randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial to evaluate efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in reducing seizure frequency.MethodsOur enrollment goal was 30 LGI1/CASPR2‐IgG–seropositive adult patients with ≥2 seizures per week. Patients were randomized to receive IVIG (0.5g/kg day 1, 1g/kg day 2, 0.6g/kg weeks 3 and 5) or volume‐matched intravenous normal saline. Following the blinded phase, the nonresponders in the placebo group received IVIG. The primary clinical outcome was 50% reduction in seizure frequency from baseline to 5 weeks.ResultsAfter enrollment of 17 patients (LGI1‐IgG, 14; CASPR2‐IgG, 3) over 34 months, the study was terminated due to slow enrollment. Six of 8 patients in the IVIG group were responders, compared to 2 of 9 in the placebo group (p = 0.044, odds ratio = 10.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.1–98.9). For the LGI1‐IgG seropositive subgroup, 6 of 8 patients in the IVIG group were responders, compared to zero of 6 in the placebo group. Two LGI1‐IgG–seropositive patients receiving IVIG, but none receiving placebo, were seizure‐free at the end of the blinded phase. Four of the 6 patients entering the open‐label IVIG arm reported ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency. There were no correlations with LGI1/CASPR2‐IgG1–4 subclasses.InterpretationSuperiority of IVIG to placebo reached statistical significance for the primary endpoint for all patients and the subset with LGI1‐IgG. These results have to be interpreted with the caveat that the study did not reach its originally selected sample size. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:313–323
Symmetric electric double‐layer capacitor containing imidazolium ionic liquid‐based solid polymer electrolyte: Effect of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles on electrochemical behavior
Authors: Das Sayan , Ghosh Aswini 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPoly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropene) (PVDF–HFP)‐based polymer electrolytes embedded with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ioniliquid have been synthesized to improve the ionic conductivity. Electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLC) have been prepared using the synthesized polymer electrolytes. Inorganic oxide fillers (5 wt %) such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been added to polymer electrolytes to compare the electrochemical behavior of the fabricated EDLC. The intrinsic dielectric constant of nanoparticles contributes in ionic dissociation which enhances ionic conductivity of electrolytes and also controls the specific capacitance of the EDLC fabricated with these electrolytes. Physicochemical properties of polymer nanocomposites have been investigated using X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared analysis, which confirms decrease of crystalline phase in host polymer PVDF–HFP. The maximum voltage stability is obtained for TiO2‐based polymer electrolyte. The high specific capacitance as well as high energy density is obtained for the EDLC cell with TiO2‐based polymer electrolyte compared to EDLC with ZnO nanoparticles‐based electrolyte. EDLC cells show specific capacitance of 76.4 and 44.51% of initial specific capacitance value at 2000th cycle for ZnO and TiO2‐based polymer electrolytes, respectively. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48757.
G protein‐coupled receptor binding and pharmacological evaluation of indole‐derived thiourea compounds
Authors: Szulczyk Daniel , Bielenica Anna , Kędzierska Ewa , Leśniak Anna , Pawłowska Agata , Bujalska‐Zadrożny Magdalena , Saccone Irene , Sparaco Rosa , Fiorino Ferdinando , Savchenko Oleksandra , Struga Marta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFour 2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethylthiourea derivatives were prepared by condensation of 2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethanamine with the corresponding aryl/alkylisothiocyanates in a medium‐polarity solvent. Their structures were confirmed by spectral techniques, and the molecular structure of 3 was determined by X‐ray crystal analysis. For all derivatives, the binding affinities at the 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT2C receptors, as well as their functional activities at the 5‐HT1A and D2 receptors, were determined. The arylthioureas 1 and 4 were the most active at the 5‐HT1A receptor, showing, at the same time, significant selectivity over the studied 5‐HT2 and D2 receptor subtypes. The compounds were tested for their pharmacological activities within the central nervous system in relevant mouse models. The involvement of the serotonergic system in the activity of 1 and 4 was indicated. The antinociceptive action of 4 was linked to its anti‐inflammatory activity.
Observer design and practical stability of nonlinear systems under unknown time‐delay
Authors: Echi Nadhem 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the present paper, we study observer design and we establish some sufficient conditions for practical exponential stability for a class of time‐delay nonlinear systems written in triangular form. In case of delay is assumed to be constant and known, the exponential convergence of the observer was confirmed. Based on the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functionals, the practical stability of the proposed observer is achieved. Finally, a physical model and simulation findings show the feasibility of the suggested strategy.
Realkalisierungspotenzial von Trinkwasserbehälterbeschichtungen
Authors: Merkel Melanie , Breit Wolfgang , Schulte Holthausen Robert , Raupach Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDie realkalisierende Wirkung von mineralischen Mörteln ist aus der Instandsetzung von karbonatisierten Betonen im Hochbau bekannt. Die Anwendungsgrenzen beziehen sich dabei entsprechend der DAfStb‐Richtlinie „Schutz und Instandsetzung von Betonbauteilen“ auf die Verwendung eines portlandzementbasierten (CEM I) Instandsetzungsmaterials sowie darauf, dass die mittlere Karbonatisierungstiefe um nicht mehr als 20 mm hinter die Bewehrung vorgedrungen ist. Bei der Instandsetzung von Trinkwasserbehältern sind zudem besondere Randbedingungen sowohl aus hygienischer als auch technischer Sicht zu beachten. Nach DVGW‐Arbeitsblatt W 300‐3 werden zementgebundene Beschichtungen nach ihrer Fähigkeit, einen ausgelaugten oder karbonatisierten Beton zu realkalisieren, unterschieden. Das sogenannte Realkalisierungsdepot des Mörtels und die vorhandene Restalkalität des Untergrunds sind entscheidend für die Wahl des Auskleidungsprinzips. Dabei sind die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Porosität und dem Alkalitätsdepot des Instandsetzungsmörtels, dem Untergrundbeton sowie den Umgebungsbedingungen für die Realkalisierung nicht ausreichend bekannt. In einem DVGW‐geförderten Forschungsvorhaben wurde die Leistungsfähigkeit von Instandsetzungsmörteln untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die für eine dauerhafte Realkalisierung notwendigen Materialeigenschaften und Randbedingungen auf und ermöglichen eine nähere Beschreibung der Realkalisierung. Hierdurch wird die zu erwartende Realkalisierung für Planer und Anwender besser verständlich und abschätzbar.