bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal selection of habitat by Spotted Bass and Shorthead Redhorse in a regulated river in the Midwest, USA
Authors: Edge Elisa N. , Paukert Craig P. , Lobb M. Delbert , Landwer Brett H. P. , Bonnot Thomas W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRiverine fish populations depend on habitats supporting their resource and life history needs. Dynamic streamflow caused by river regulation or natural events influences the distribution of downstream habitat characteristics. Through studying habitat selection, we can identify the most utilized and valuable habitats for the success of native fishes. We determined seasonal habitat selection of two common, native fish species on the Osage River downstream of Bagnell Dam, a hydroelectric dam in central Missouri, from April 2016 to June 2017 using radio telemetry. Spotted Bass (Micropterus punctulatus) are nest‐guarders, sight feeders, and habitat generalists, whereas Shorthead Redhorse (Moxostoma macrolepidotum) are fluvial dependent, migratory, and benthic feeders. Bayesian discrete choice analyses determined that both species selected particular water depth, velocity, and presence of submerged cover in some or all seasons, even as available habitat changed. Spotted Bass selected water depths <4.0 m near submerged cover during all seasons, low velocity during spring and summer, and near‐bank habitat in all seasons except spring. Shorthead Redhorse used fast flowing habitat during spring, 0.4–1.1 m/s velocity during summer, and low velocity in fall and winter (0.1–0.5 m/s). Shorthead Redhorse used submerged cover in all seasons except summer and selected specific ranges of depth within spring (2.4–4.4 m), summer (3.3–6.7 m), and winter (1.1–2.3 m). Our findings suggest that maintaining habitats with cover and diverse water depths and velocities, particularly both low and high velocity habitats during spring, may promote resilience by providing beneficial habitats for native fishes.
Intracellular Labeling with Extrinsic Probes: Delivery Strategies and Applications
Authors: Liu Jing , Fraire Juan C. , De Smedt Stefaan C. , Xiong Ranhua , Braeckmans Kevin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExtrinsic probes have outstanding properties for intracellular labeling to visualize dynamic processes in and of living cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Since extrinsic probes are in many cases cell‐impermeable, different biochemical, and physical approaches have been used to break the cell membrane barrier for direct delivery into the cytoplasm. In this Review, these intracellular delivery strategies are discussed, briefly explaining the mechanisms and how they are used for live‐cell labeling applications. Methods that are discussed include three biochemical agents that are used for this purpose—purpose‐different nanocarriers, cell penetrating peptides and the pore‐foraming bacterial toxin streptolysin O. Most successful intracellular label delivery methods are, however, based on physical principles to permeabilize the membrane and include electroporation, laser‐induced photoporation, micro‐ and nanoinjection, nanoneedles or nanostraws, microfluidics, and nanomachines. The strengths and weaknesses of each strategy are discussed with a systematic comparison provided. Finally, the extrinsic probes that are reported for intracellular labeling so‐far are summarized, together with the delivery strategies that are used and their performance. This combined information should provide for a useful guide for choosing the most suitable delivery method for the desired probes.
Mesenchymal stromal cells induce regulatory T cells via epigenetic conversion of human conventional CD4 T cells in vitro
Authors: Azevedo Rita I. , Minskaia Ekaterina , Fernandes-Platzgummer Ana , Vieira Ana I. S. , da Silva Cláudia L. , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Lacerda João F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in immune tolerance. The scarcity of Treg therapy clinical trials in humans has been largely due to the difficulty in obtaining sufficient Treg numbers. We performed a preclinical investigation on the potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to expand Treg in vitro to support future clinical trials. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors were cocultured with allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs expanded under xenogeneic-free conditions. Our data show an increase in the counts and frequency of CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+ CD127low Treg cells (4- and 6-fold, respectively) after a 14-day coculture. However, natural Treg do not proliferate in coculture with MSCs. When purified conventional CD4 T cells (Tcon) are cocultured with MSCs, only cells that acquire a Treg-like phenotype proliferate. These MSC-induced Treg-like cells also resemble Treg functionally, since they suppress autologous Tcon proliferation. Importantly, the DNA methylation profile of MSC-induced Treg-like cells more closely resembles that of natural Treg than of Tcon, indicating that this population is stable. The expression of PD-1 is higher in Treg-like cells than in Tcon, whereas the frequency of PDL-1 increases in MSCs after coculture. TGF-β levels are also significantly increased MSC cocultures. Overall, our data suggest that Treg enrichment by MSCs results from Tcon conversion into Treg-like cells, rather than to expansion of natural Treg, possibly through mechanisms involving TGF-β and/or PD-1/PDL-1 expression. This MSC-induced Treg population closely resembles natural Treg in terms of phenotype, suppressive ability, and methylation profile.
A Review of Pangenome Tools and Recent Studies
Authors: Vernikos G. S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
With the advance of sequencing technologies, the landscape of genomic analysis has been transformed, by moving from single strain to species (or even higher taxa)-wide genomic resolution, toward the direction of capturing the “totality” of life diversity; from this scientific advance and curiosity, the concept of “pangenome” was born. Herein we will review, from practical and technical implementation, existing projects of pangenome analysis, with the aim of providing the reader with a snapshot of useful tools should they need to embark on such a pangenomic journey.
Structure and Dynamics of Bacterial Populations: Pangenome Ecology
Authors: Azarian Taj , Huang I-Ting , Hanage William P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProkaryotes demonstrate tremendous variation in gene content, even within individual bacterial clones or lineages. This diversity is made possible by the ability of bacteria to horizontally transfer DNA through a variety of mechanisms, and the extent of such transfer sets them apart from eukaryotes. What has become evident through interrogation of thousands of bacterial genomes is that gene variation is directly related to the ecology of the organism and is driven by continual processes of niche exploration, diversification, and adaptation. Of course, the acquisition of new genes is not necessarily beneficial, resulting in either the removal of that individual through purifying selection or the occurrence of compensatory mutations in the genomic “backbone” (i.e., core genes) that become epistatically linked to the presence accessory genes. There are now numerous examples of relationship between gene variation and niche adaptation. We explore some of those examples here as well as the population genomic footprint left by the dynamics of gene flow, diversification, and adaptation.
Stillen und Stillberatung
Authors: Karall D. , Nindl G. , Zittera I. , Bier A. , von der Ohe G. , Guóth-Gumberger M. , Scholl-Bürgi S. 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungMuttermilch (Stillen) stellt die Norm der Säuglingsernährung dar. Stillen ist die Standardernährungsform für den ersten Lebensabschnitt eines Menschen. In der Folge wird bei der Einführung von Beikost aus ausschließlichem Stillen weiterbegleitendes Stillen – bis zum vollständigen Übergang zur Familienkost. Die Zusammensetzung der Muttermilch und die hormonelle Steuerung der Milchbildung sind optimal auf das Kind abgestimmt. Stillen ist jedoch kein instinktives, sondern ein sozial erlerntes Verhalten und bedarf von Anbeginn an begleitender Information und Beratung der Mutter und der Familien. Medizinisches Fachpersonal wird als kompetent in Ernährungsfragen erachtet und sollte daher über ausreichende wissenschaftlich fundierte Kenntnis bezüglich der physiologischen Vorgänge im Zusammenhang mit Stillen sowie der Kurz- und Langzeitauswirkungen von Stillen auf die Gesundheit von Mutter und Kind verfügen. Ebenso sollten die Risiken von Formulaernährung (Säuglingsfertignahrung auf Kuhmilchbasis) für die Entwicklung und verschiedene Erkrankungen bekannt sein.
Birational geometry of symplectic quotient singularities
Authors: Bellamy Gwyn , Craw Alastair 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor a finite subgroup $$\Gamma \subset \mathrm {SL}(2,\mathbb {C})$$

Γ
⊂
SL
(
2
,
C
)

and for $$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

, we use variation of GIT quotient for Nakajima quiver varieties to study the birational geometry of the Hilbert scheme of n points on the minimal resolution S of the Kleinian singularity $$\mathbb {C}^2/\Gamma $$

C

2

/
Γ

. It is well known that $$X:={{\,\mathrm{{\mathrm {Hilb}}}\,}}^{[n]}(S)$$

X
:
=

Hilb

[
n
]

(
S
)

is a projective, crepant resolution of the symplectic singularity $$\mathbb {C}^{2n}/\Gamma _n$$

C

2
n

/

Γ
n

, where $$\Gamma _n=\Gamma \wr \mathfrak {S}_n$$

Γ
n

=
Γ
≀

S
n

is the wreath product. We prove that every projective, crepant resolution of $$\mathbb {C}^{2n}/\Gamma _n$$

C

2
n

/

Γ
n

can be realised as the fine moduli space of $$\theta $$
θ
-stable $$\Pi $$
Π
-modules for a fixed dimension vector, where $$\Pi $$
Π
is the framed preprojective algebra of $$\Gamma $$
Γ
and $$\theta $$
θ
is a choice of generic stability condition. Our approach uses the linearisation map from GIT to relate wall crossing in the space of $$\theta $$
θ
-stability conditions to birational transformations of X over $$\mathbb {C}^{2n}/\Gamma _n$$

C

2
n

/

Γ
n

. As a corollary, we describe completely the ample and movable cones of X over $$\mathbb {C}^{2n}/\Gamma _n$$

C

2
n

/

Γ
n

, and show that the Mori chamber decomposition of the movable cone is determined by an extended Catalan hyperplane arrangement of the ADE root system associated to $$\Gamma $$
Γ
by the McKay correspondence. In the appendix, we show that morphisms of quiver varieties induced by variation of GIT quotient are semismall, generalising a result of Nakajima in the case where the quiver variety is smooth.
See (n)One, Do (n)One, Teach (n)One: Reality of Surgical Resident Training in Germany
Authors: Huber T. , Richardsen I. , Klinger C. , Mille M. , Roeth A. A. ,   the AsTerOiD‐Study Group, Dörner Johannes , Drewes Sebastian , Fabig Stefan , Gaedcke Jochen , Günter Patricia J. , Jauch Dominik , Koch Franziska , Lenzen Jana , Obst Marianne , Orthaus Ulrike , Schacke Vivien , von Schassen Christian , Scheurer Laura , Schmitz Sophia , Scholtes Ben , Schreier Johanna , Sommer Nils P. , Uhlmann Dirk , Wobith Maria , Zaczek Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionDue to technological changes, working time restrictions and the creation of specialized centers, surgical training has changed. A competence‐based learning technique of surgical skills is the sub‐step practice approach, which has been proven important in nationwide opinion surveys. The aim of this prospective multi‐center trial was to determine the status quo of the sub‐step concept in Germany.MethodsOver 6 months, the voluntarily participating centers evaluated the following index procedures: laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCHE), laparoscopic and open sigmoid resection, minimally invasive inguinal hernia repair, thyroid resection and pylorus‐preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD). Patients with private insurance were excluded. The detailed sub‐steps were documented as well as the reason why these were not performed. In addition, an online survey regarding the sub‐step concept was performed before and after the study.ResultsIn total, 21 centers included 2969 surgical procedures in 2018 for final analyses. While 24.4% of the procedures were performed by residents, sub‐steps were performed in 22.2%. LCHE was most often performed completely by residents (43.3%), and PPPD revealed the highest rate of performed sub‐steps (43.3%). Reasons for not assisting sub‐steps to residents were often organizational and other reasons. After an initial increase, the number of performed sub‐steps decreased significantly during the second half of the survey. The opinion survey revealed a high importance of the sub‐step concept. The number of resident procedures was overestimated, and the number of performed sub‐steps was underestimated. After the study, these estimations were more realistic.ConclusionEven though the sub‐step practice concept is considered highly important for surgical education, it needs to be put into practice more consequently. The current data suggest a low participation of surgical residents in the operating room, although the participating hospitals are most likely highly interested in surgical education, hence their voluntary participation. Conceptual changes and a control of surgical education are needed.
Characterizing mesoscale variability in low-level jet simulations for CBLAST-LOW 2001 campaign
Authors: Tay Ken , Koh Tieh-Yong , Skote Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA low-level jet (LLJ) event observed during a frontal passage in the 2001 Coupled Boundary Layers and Air–Sea Transfer Experiment in Low Winds campaign was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The sensitivity of the modeled LLJ characteristics, such as formation time, height and the strength of the LLJ core, to the choice of initial and boundary conditions, planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes and vertical resolution was evaluated with a suite of diagnostic tools. The model simulations were compared against available soundings from the campaign observations as well as with surface observations from the Automated Surface Observing Systems. The simulation initialized with ERA-interim reanalysis and using the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino PBL scheme gave the best mix of diagnostic scores for surface temperature and wind speed predictions. The choice of boundary conditions introduced a stronger variability in the LLJ characteristics than the changes in PBL schemes or vertical resolution. The variability emerged primarily due to the timing of the frontal passage in the boundary condition datasets.
Modelling multi-criticality vehicular software systems: evolution of an industrial component model
Authors: Bucaioni Alessio , Mubeen Saad , Ciccozzi Federico , Cicchetti Antonio , Sjödin Mikael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoftware in modern vehicles consists of multi-criticality functions, where a function can be safety-critical with stringent real-time requirements, less critical from the vehicle operation perspective, but still with real-time requirements, or not critical at all. Next-generation autonomous vehicles will require higher computational power to run multi-criticality functions and such a power can only be provided by parallel computing platforms such as multi-core architectures. However, current model-based software development solutions and related modelling languages have not been designed to effectively deal with challenges specific of multi-core, such as core-interdependency and controlled allocation of software to hardware. In this paper, we report on the evolution of the Rubus Component Model for the modelling, analysis, and development of vehicular software systems with multi-criticality for deployment on multi-core platforms. Our goal is to provide a lightweight and technology-preserving transition from model-based software development for single-core to multi-core. This is achieved by evolving the Rubus Component Model to capture explicit concepts for multi-core and parallel hardware and for expressing variable criticality of software functions. The paper illustrates these contributions through an industrial application in the vehicular domain.
The Promise of the World: Towards a Transcendental History of Trust
Authors: Fazakas István , Gozé Tudi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper aims at a phenomenological analysis of trust. We argue that trust has a transcendental dimension in that it functions as a condition of possibility of the basic ego-world relation. Tacit for the most part in ordinary experience, it comes forth in its problematicity in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. People experiencing psychic disturbances lose trust in the continuity and the mineness of lived experience and conceive the world as uninhabitable. In order to address the transcendental problem of trust, we first carry out a static analysis of trust as perceptual faith and we show that it is founded in the functioning of a transcendental ground. In a second step, we proceed with a genetic analysis drawing on Husserl’s manuscripts on the awakening of the self, on early childhood, and Richir’s recent phenomenological readings of D. W. Winnicott. We situate the archaic experience of trust in an originarily intersubjective and affective dimension, where the parental environment functions as a transcendental matrix for the early development of a yet inchoative self. By doing so, we aim to sketch out the major lines of a transcendental history of trust in the early stages of human experience.
Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of UTAUT2
Authors: Tamilmani Kuttimani , Rana Nripendra P. , Dwivedi Yogesh K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDespite being regarded as the most comprehensive theory in understanding individual technology adoption – UTAUT2 theory with growing number of citations and impetus beyond IS domain face strong criticism on usage of the model in its entirety. This study located UTAUT2 based empirical studies in the Scopus and Web of Science bibliographic database through citied reference search in order to evaluate appropriate usage of UTAUT2 constructs. The meta-analysis results spanning across 60 studies with more than 122,000 cumulative observations found BI➔UB as the strongest path with all significant values. PE➔BI emerged as the most utilized path with most significant values underscoring the emphasis placed by consumers on utilitarian value. Meanwhile, with most non-significant path values the future usage of EE➔BI path is been cautioned and questioned. Finally, trust, personal innovativeness, perceived risk, attitude, and self-efficacy were found as the five topmost UTAUT2 extensions.
Withholding-tax non-compliance: the case of cum-ex stock-market transactions
Authors: Buettner Thiess , Holzmann Carolin , Kreidl Felix , Scholz Hendrik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper explores withholding-tax non-compliance in the context of dividend taxation. It focuses on a specific type of stock-market transactions around ex-dividend dates, so-called “cum-ex” trades, which caused considerable revenue losses due to illegitimate tax refunds in Germany and other countries. We use a stylized model of the stock-market equilibrium to analyze the incentives of traders on the German stock market and find that cum-ex trades are only profitable for both buyer and seller in the presence of collusive tax fraud. Our empirical analysis of market data for publicly traded German stocks from 2009 to 2015 confirms that transaction numbers of stocks suitable for cum-ex trades show the expected increase shortly before ex-dividend dates in the period before the tax refunding was reformed. In line with the collusion hypothesis, effects on stock-market prices are not found.
“The Real Thing I Struggle with is Other People’s Perceptions”: The Experiences of Autistic Performing Arts Professionals and Attitudes of Performing Arts Employers in the UK
Authors: Buckley Eleanor , Pellicano Elizabeth , Remington Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis research examined in-depth the employment experiences of autistic performing arts professionals and the attitudes and adjustments of performing arts employers. We interviewed 18 autistic performing arts professionals and 19 performing arts employers. Autistic performing arts professionals described facing challenges in the workplace. Some autistic professionals had access to support, but the majority felt that there was not enough available and highlighted many ways in which they could be better supported. Performing arts employers varied in their experiences of working with autistic people, many had limited knowledge about autism-specific support or relied on other professionals to provide it. These findings shed light on current unmet support needs of autistic performing arts professionals, and provide key recommendations for research and practice.
A third-order nonlinear optical single crystal of 3,4-dimethoxy-substituted chalcone derivative with high laser damage threshold value: a potential material for optical power limiting
Authors: Parol Vinay , Prabhu A. N. , Taher Md Abu , Naraharisetty Sri Ram G. , Lokanath N. K. , Upadhyaya V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThird-order nonlinear optical material 4-[(1E)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl]phenyl 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonate (DMPMS) is crystallized by slow solvent evaporation technique. The crystal has inversion symmetry and belongs to monoclinic system with $${P2}_{1}/c$$

P
2

1

/
c

space group. The C–H⋯O/C–H⋯π intermolecular interactions will be large complementarity for molecular density/crystal packing. A comprehensive investigation for absorbance and emission properties has been performed. Thermal stability is up to 258 °C without any weight loss and calculated value of laser damage threshold is ≈ 12 GW/cm2. The DMPMS shows low dielectric constant value, about 4.42 at 1 MHz and electronic polarizability values in the order of $${10}^{-23}$$

10

-
23

cm3. Furthermore, theoretical calculation has been performed using B3LYP and M06-2X functional. The static first-order hyperpolarizability parameter is 55 (B3LYP) and 34 (M06-2X) times that of urea. The total contribution of second-order hyperpolarizability is − 37.9 $$\times {10}^{-40 }\mathrm{esu}$$

×

10

-
40

esu

(in B3LYP functional) and − 25.77 $$\times {10}^{-40 }\mathrm{esu}$$

×

10

-
40

esu

(in M06-2X functional), respectively. Here, two-photon absorption mechanism is responsible for nonlinear absorption and co-efficient is found to be $$28.3 \times {10}^{-12}$$

28.3
×

10

-
12

m/W. In optical limiting study, limiting threshold is found to be 65 µJ. The real and imaginary third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility is of the order $${10}^{-12} \mathrm{esu}$$

10

-
12

esu

.
I think I made a mistake: How do prospective teachers elicit the thinking of a student who has made a mistake?
Authors: Shaughnessy Meghan , DeFino Rosalie , Pfaff Erin , Blunk Merrie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInteractions around unexpected, incorrect, or dis-preferred responses can be powerful sites of learning for both teachers and students. The information that teachers uncover through probing student thinking can then guide their pedagogical response. We report on a study of prospective teachers’ skills and capabilities around a particular problem of practice: eliciting student thinking when a student has an incorrect answer. In this case, if the student’s thinking is sufficiently probed, the student is able to recognize the mistake and revise their work. Focusing on prospective teachers at the beginning of a teacher preparation program, we illustrate how knowledge of this kind of eliciting skill can be gathered through the use of a live teaching simulation. Our findings reveal that these prospective teachers were more fluent with eliciting the student’s process than the student’s conceptual understanding. Further, they focused more on eliciting the revised method and/or solution than asking about why the mistake was made. We consider the findings in terms of the skills brought by prospective teachers that could be built upon in teacher education, skills that need to be learned, and skills that need to be unlearned.