bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms of IRAK1 Gene on X Chromosome Is Associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Korean Children
Authors: Shin Hye-Ri , Cho Won Kyoung , Baek In-Cheol , Lee Na Yeong , Lee Yoon Ji , Kim Seul Ki , Ahn Moon Bae , Suh Byung-Kyu , Kim Tai-Gyu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is predominant in females and has been focused on the sexual diploid in immune response. The IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) gene on the X chromosome was recently suggested as strong autoimmune disease-susceptible loci, second to the major histocompatibility complex region. We investigated the frequency of IRAK1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in children with AITD. In this study, we observed that SNPs of IRAK1 including rs3027898, rs1059703, and rs1059702 in 115 Korean AITD pediatric patients (Graves’ disease = 74 [females = 52/males = 22]; Hashimoto disease [HD] = 41 [females = 38/males = 3]; thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy [TAO] = 40 (females = 27/males = 13); without TAO = 75 (females = 63/males = 12); total males = 25, total females = 90; mean age = 11.9 years) and 204 healthy Korean individuals (males = 104/females = 100). The data from cases and controls were analyzed from separate sex-stratified or all combined by χ 2 test for categorical variables and Student t test for numerical variables. Our study revealed that SNPs of IRAK1-associated HD and without TAO but Graves’ disease and TAO were not found significant. When cases and controls were analyzed by separate sex, we found that rs3027898 AA, rs1059703 AA, and rs1059702 GG showed disease susceptibility in female AITD, HD, and without TAO. Also, all rs3027898, rs1059703, and rs1059702 were found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium (D′ = 0.96-0.98, r2 = 0.83–0.97). The haplotype of 3 SNPs was higher in AITD than in controls (CGA, r2 = 5.42, P = 0.019). Our results suggest that IRAK1 polymorphisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of HD, AITD, and without thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy for females.
Intensive Care Unit Utilization After Adoption of a Ward‐Based High‐Flow Nasal Cannula Protocol
Authors: Coon Eric R , Stoddard Greg , Brady Patrick W 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDHospitals are increasingly adopting ward‐based high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) protocols that allow HFNC treatment of bronchiolitis outside of the intensive care unit (ICU). Our objective was to determine whether adoption of a ward‐based HFNC protocol reduces ICU utilization.METHODSWe examined a retrospective cohort of infants aged 3 to 24 months hospitalized with bronchiolitis at hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. The study exposure was adoption of a ward‐based HFNC protocol, measured by direct contact with pediatric hospital medicine leaders at each hospital. All analyses utilized an interrupted time series approach. The primary analysis compared outcomes three respiratory seasons before and three respiratory seasons after HFNC adoption, among adopting hospitals. Supplementary analysis 1 mirrored the primary analysis with the exception that the first season after adoption was censored. In supplementary analysis 2, effects among nonadopting hospitals were subtracted from effects measured among adopting hospitals.RESULTSOf 44 contacted hospitals, 41 replied (93% response rate), of which 18 were categorized as non‐adopting hospitals and 12 were categorized as adopting hospitals. Included ward‐based HFNC protocols were adopted between the 2010‐2011 and 2015‐2016 respiratory seasons. The primary analysis included 26,253 bronchiolitis encounters and measured immediate increases in the proportion of patients admitted to the ICU (absolute difference, 3.1%; 95% CI, 2.8%‐3.4%) and ICU length of stay (absolute difference, 9.1 days per 100 patients; 95% CI, 5.1‐13.2). Both supplementary analyses yielded similar findings.CONCLUSIONEarly protocols for ward‐based HFNC were paradoxically associated with increased ICU utilization.
Consumption and Portfolio Choice Under Loss Aversion and Endogenous Updating of the Reference Level
Authors: van Bilsen Servaas , Laeven Roger J. A. , Nijman Theo E. 
Published: June 2020

We explicitly derive and explore the optimal consumption and portfolio policies of a loss-averse individual who endogenously updates his or her reference level over time. We find that the individual protects current consumption by delaying painful reductions in consumption after a drop in wealth, and increasingly so with higher degrees of endogeneity. The incentive to protect current consumption is stronger with a medium wealth level than with a high or low wealth level. Furthermore, this individual adopts a conservative investment strategy in normal states and typically a more aggressive strategy in good and bad states. Endogeneity of the reference level increases overall risk-taking and generates an incentive to reduce risk exposure with age even without human capital. The welfare loss that this individual would suffer under the conventional constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) consumption and portfolio policies easily exceeds 10%.This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Current technical surgical practice of emergency appendicectomy: a cross-sectional survey of surgical registrars in the UK
Authors: Currow C , Patel K , Askari A , Rabie M , Aly M , Aker M ,   On behalf of the Surgical Trainees East of England Research (STEER) Collaborative
Published: June 2020

Introduction Appendicectomy remains one of the most commonly performed procedures in general surgery. The aim of this study was to explore variation in operative techniques of an appendicectomy among surgical registrars in England. Materials and methods An anonymised survey was sent out to surgical registrars in the UK via email and social media. Subgroup analyses were performed comparing respondents based on their level of seniority and subspecialty background. Results A total of 168 respondents completed the survey, of whom 77.4% (130/168) were specialty trainees years 3–8 and 44.6% (75/168) were colorectal trainees. The majority (98.8%) preferred a laparoscopic approach to appendicectomy. Overall, 73.2% opted to use diathermy to divide an uninflamed mesoappendix. Half of the respondents (50%) preferentially used diathermy to control the appendicular artery, followed by 44% preferring use of metal or polymeric clips. The appendicular stump was most often secured with Endoloops (85.7%) when removing a macroscopically uninflamed appendix but less readily used in the visibly inflamed appendix (75.6%, p = 0.01). Colorectal and upper gastrointestinal registrars were more likely to use diathermy on the mucosa of the appendix stump compared with other subspecialties (p = 0.03). The majority (82.1%) of respondents extracted the appendix via a retrieval bag. Regarding skin closure, most respondents (69%) adopted absorbable subcuticular sutures. Preferential duration of postoperative antibiotic use following appendicectomy for complicated appendicitis varied among the respondents. Conclusion There are similarities and differences across surgical registrars in terms of technical practice in appendicectomy, partially attributed to prior experience and training.
Dem Mitarbeiter zu Diensten. Weiterbildung und Qualifizierung als Personennahe Dienstleistung
Authors: Vladova Gergana , Heuts Alexander , Teichmann Malte 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Weiterbildung und Qualifizierung der Mitarbeiter sind zentrale Erfolgsfaktoren des digitalen Wandels. Die zentrale Herausforderung besteht darin, diese maßgeschnitten anzubieten sowie notwendige Akzeptanz nicht vorauszusetzen, sondern ebenso als Zielgröße anzusehen. Dies geschieht jedoch nur, wenn die Mitarbeiter als Partner gesehen werden, deren Bedürfnisse und Verständnis nachhaltig berücksichtigt werden. Dieser Beitrag schlägt vor diesem Hintergrund einen Ansatz vor, Weiterbildung als Personennahe Dienstleistung zu realisieren. Dafür wird zuerst ein skizzenhafter Überblick über grundlegende Kompetenzanforderungen des digitalen Wandels gegeben. Danach wird die aktuelle Situation betrieblicher Weiterbildung in der digitalen Transformation beleuchtet. Hierzu wurde in einem Zeitraum von sechs Monaten im Rahmen einer quantitativen Untersuchung erhoben, wie Beschäftigte die digitale Transformation ihres Unternehmens und daraus resultierende Bedarfe betrieblicher Weiterbildung wahrnehmen. Darauf basierend werden drei aktuelle Paradoxe abgeleitet, die mit einer Durchführung von Weiterbildung als Personennahe Dienstleistung verhindert werden können. Empfehlungen und Lösungsansätze werden hierzu diskutiert und weiterer Forschungsbedarf abgeleitet.
Trabalhadores de saúde como protagonistas de um processo de construção do perfil de competências
Authors: Zachi Mara Lúcia Renostro , Ribeiro Elaine Rossi , Da Silva Maria Lucia , Vaz Rogério Saad 
Published: June 2020

As crescentes mudanças gerenciais e tecnológicas, ocorridas na área da saúde, bem como as mudanças demográficas e o perfil epidemiológico, exigem dos profissionais que coordenam as Unidades de Saúde um perfil de competências mais flexível e adaptativo. O estudo teve como objetivo construir o perfil de competências dos coordenadores de Unidades de Saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, da qual participaram os profissionais da Secretaria de Saúde de um município do Paraná, sendo um total de vinte participantes. A coleta de dados ocorreu com a técnica de grupos focais, com a participação de cinco pessoas em cada um dos quatro grupos. Os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Foram identificados os núcleos temáticos que surgiram nas discussões dos grupos, elencadas as unidades de sentido e as suas respectivas categorias. Diante dos resultados advindos dos grupos focais, apresenta-se uma matriz de competência para a função de coordenador de Unidade de Saúde. A matriz está organizada da seguinte forma: as competências de cada núcleo temático delimitam a intenção do trabalho, determinando a atuação do coordenador e, para cada competência, é apresentado um conjunto de desempenhos. Esta descreve um leque de capacidades e habilidades, que resultam uma boa prática gerencial do coordenador de Unidades de Saúde, referenciada em critérios de excelência. As combinações de capacidades e os critérios de excelência ética, estética e científica determinam a qualidade da sua atuação. Podem ser utilizados em várias combinações e estilos singulares de gestão, produzindo resultados de sucesso, porém, sempre ancorados no perfil de competência esperado.
Retorno dos investimentos de Inovação em Saúde e Tecnologia
Authors: Dos santos Itamires benicio , Castro gondinho Brunna verna , Bulgareli Jaqueline vilela , Guerra Luciane miranda 
Published: June 2020

O aumento progressivo do investimento em saúde visa a melhoria na qualidade de vida da população e possui uma dinâmica que envolve grande valor socioeconômico. O número de novas tecnologias lançadas no mercado é crescente, porém tem seu ciclo de vida curto. A elevação dos custos em saúde representa, portanto, um desafio para as fontes pagadoras governamentais e privadas. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo verificar o que há na literatura sobre o retorno dos investimentos e as perspectivas de desenvolvimento de pesquisa, inovação em saúde e tecnologia, bem como entender como este retorno é avaliado. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura presente na base de dados Literatura Latino- Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line (MEDLINE), a partir da seguinte estratégia de busca: ((tw:(investimentos)) AND (tw:(tecnologia)) AND (tw:(inovacao em saude)). Forma inicialmente encontrados 116 artigos e ao final do processo de busca e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão ficaram 17 artigos. Dos quais, a maioria utiliza os documentos governamentais como população e quanto aos aspectos metodológicos incluem desde pesquisa qualitativa até revisão da literatura. A partir da leitura do material disponível foram estabelecidas 2 linhas de discussões: (A) Destinação de recursos para inovação em saúde e (B) Formas de avaliação do retorno dos investimentos. As leis governamentais voltadas ao incentivo em desenvolvimento de tecnologias portadoras de futuro estão sob uma lógica mercantil. Pois beneficiam indústrias do setor médico hospitalar, enquanto a saúde pública vem sendo subfinanciada. O gestor possui caráter de grande importância mediante a tomada de decisão para alocação efetiva de recursos disponíveis. Mecanismos avaliativos foram desenvolvidos a fim de subsidiar a tomada de decisão e orientar os investimentos da iniciativa privada, baseados na perspectiva do capitalismo financeirizado.
The Investigation of Factors Affecting the purchasing decisions of consumers of green products
Authors: Jouzdani Maryam , Nasr Esfahani Ali 
Published: June 2020

Goal: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the purchasing decisions of consumers of green products.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The sample of this study was composed of consumers of disposable products in Isfahan. In this study, Descriptive statistics is used for data analysis and Structural Equation Modeling is used test the research hypotheses and determine the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable.
Results: Considering the critical values obtained from the research hypothesis test, it can be concluded that environmental protection, environmental responsibility, green product experience, environmentally friendly brands and social acceptance have a positive and significant effect on green product purchase decisions.
Limitations of the investigation: Since the present study is an exploratory study, the findings of the study are limited to the sample and results may be changed if the sample is changed. Also, the sample of green product buyers' decisions was obtained from only one province, so the results may not be generalizable to all provinces of Iran.
Practical Implications: According to the results, it is recommended that environment-friendly companies differentiate their products from other products and price them appropriately. This should have an impact on consumers and encourage them to buy and use green products.
Originality / Value: The design of the products in a recyclable form and making their components and materials reusable will in future cause their raw materials are recycled and reused; thus, buyers are more eager to buy green products with regard to environmental protection.
Der Kontext bestimmt alles
Authors: Eberhard Igor 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Qualitative, sozialwissenschaftliche und vor allem ethnographische Daten benötigen eine besondere Herangehensweise. Das betrifft den gesamten Forschungsprozess sowie das Forschungsdatenmanagement. Dafür gibt es bisher kaum ausgereifte Lösungen. Das Pilotprojekt „Ethnographische Datenarchivierung“ der Universitätsbibliothek Wien am Institut für Kultur- und Sozialanthropologie (2017–2019) hat Lösungswege gesucht und Möglichkeiten exemplarisch ausgearbeitet. Das wird am besonderen Beispiel der Kontextdaten und des Containerobjekts als komplexe Objektkategorie veranschaulicht.
The effect of dapagliflozin on alanine aminotransferase as a marker of liver inflammation: updated results from the ABCD dapagliflozin audit
Authors: Crabtree Thomas SJ , Yadagiri Mahender , Gallen Ian , Phillips Suzanne , Evans Alison , Rohilla Anurita , Bickerton Alex , Rowles Susannah , Idris Iskandar , Ryder Robert E J , Dapagliflozin audit contributors On behalf of the ABCD 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: People with type 2 diabetes are known to be at increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is increasing evidence of diabetes treatments with benefits of also improving NAFLD. Although mostly focused on glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, sodium-glucose linked transporter 2 inhibitors may also have some promise in improving markers of NAFLD.Method: Data were extracted from the ABCD nationwide dapagliflozin audit tool. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was available in these data and was used as a marker of liver inflammation. Patients were stratified based on baseline ALT levels to see if this predicted response to treatment.Results: 1,873 patients were included for analysis (mean±SD age 58.7±10 years, 60.8% male, median duration of diabetes 3.5 years (IQR 1.5–9)) and were followed up in this study for an average of 11.4 months. Where known (n=280), 60.8% of these were Caucasian. Baseline HbA1c was 78±17.2 mmol/mol, weight 102.1±22.5 kg and body mass index (BMI) 34.2±7.6 kg/m2. Median ALT reduction overall was 4 U/L (95% CI 3 to 4; p<0.001). Reductions in weight (3.2 kg; 95% CI 2.9 to 3.5), BMI (0.9 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.2) and HbA1c (10.8 mmol/mol, 95% CI 10.1 to 11.5) (0.9%, 95% CI 0.8% to 1.0%) were all significant (p<0.001). Where ALT was elevated at baseline (>19 U/L female; >30 U/L male), the median reduction in ALT was 5 U/L in women (95% CI 4 to 6; p<0.0001) and 10 U/L in men (95% CI 8 to 11; p<0.0001). Stratified into three groups by ALT using the male reference range and twice this, there were reductions in ALT in all groups, which was greatest (24 U/L 95% CI 20 to 27) in the subgroup with baseline ALT >59 U/L.Conclusion: Our observational data suggest significant reductions in ALT as a possible marker of liver inflammation in those taking dapagliflozin. This appears to be greatest in those with the most elevated levels at baseline.
Dopamine agonists and antipsychotics
Authors: Molitch Mark E 
Published: June 2020

There can potentially be a number of clinical interactions that could adversely affect patient outcomes in a patient with a prolactinoma and psychiatric disease that might require antipsychotic and dopamine agonist treatment. Dopamine agonists stimulate the dopamine D2 receptor, resulting in a decrease in prolactin (PRL) levels and in prolactinoma size but action on dopamine receptors in the meso-limbic system may rarely cause psychosis and more commonly cause impulse control disorders. The psychiatric benefits of antipsychotic agents involve blocking the D2 and other dopamine receptors but this blockade often also causes hyperprolactinemia.
In patients with macroprolactinomas and psychosis, observation, estrogen/progestin replacement, and surgery can be considered in addition to dopamine agonists. In those who require dopamine agonists for PRL and tumor size control, the introduction of antipsychotics may blunt this effect, so that higher doses of the dopamine agonists may be needed. Alternatively, antipsychotics that have less of a blocking effect at the D2 receptor, such as aripiprazole, can be tried, if appropriate. For patients already on antipsychotic drugs who are found to have a macroprolactinoma for which dopamine agonists are required, dopamine agonists can be initiated at low dose and the dose escalated slowly. However, such patients require careful monitoring of psychiatric status to avoid the rare complication of exacerbation of the underlying psychosis. Again, if appropriate, use of antipsychotics that have less of a blocking effect at the D2 receptor may allow lower doses of dopamine agonists to be used in this situation.
Even More Christian Apocrypha
Authors: Burke Tony 
Published: June 2020

New Testament Apocrypha: More Noncanonical Scriptures, edited by Tony Burke and Brent Landau, was published in 2017. It is the first in a series of volumes of apocryphal Christian texts in English translation. This article offers some reflections on the reception of the volume—with a summary of and response to reviews in journals and two panel discussions—and on the process of assembling a second volume to be published in 2020. The article describes the contents of the second volume with particular emphasis on several Johannine apocrypha related to er?tapokriseis (or “question-and-answer” literature) and two texts that may reflect Chistian-Muslim interaction in late antique Egypt. The article concludes with a preliminary list of the texts to be included in a third volume to follow in 2022.
Impact evaluation of biomedical waste segregation among junior residents of a South Indian medical college: a quasi experimental study
Authors: Sobagaiah Ranganath T. , Patange Karuna Siddappa , . Vishwanatha 
Published: June 2020

Background: Biomedical waste is any waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals. The quantity of solid waste generated in Bangalore hospitals is from ½ to 4 kg per bed per day. But segregation is done in only 30%. Health care workers have an important responsibility to segregate the biomedical waste and dispose them. Hence this study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the impact of intervention on Biomedical waste segregation knowledge among junior doctors. Methods: The study design employed is a quasi experimental study with control and intervention design. The junior doctors were selected randomly. After written informed consent the participants were divided as two group of intervention and control group with 74 in each group. Data of pre-test was collected using self-administered and validated questionnaire. After a week of pre-test, training using WHO modules 3 on training of biomedical waste segregation based on IHWM was done only for the intervention group. After a period of 3 months post test was conducted for both the intervention and the control group using a pre tested self-administered questionnaire with questions very similar to the pre-test.Results: The difference is found to be with t-test value of 1.434 and df of 37 with significant value 0.160 (>0.05) for the control group. The difference is found to be with t-test value of 3.241 and df of 35 with significant value 0.003 (<0.05) for the intervention group.Conclusions: The knowledge of biomedical waste management was found to increase after an intervention.