bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed hemicelluloses tailor mucilage properties and salt tolerance
Authors: Yang Bo , Hofmann Florian , Usadel Björn , Voiniciuc Cătălin 
Published: October 2020

Summary

While Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells have become an excellent genetic system to study the biosynthesis and structural roles of various cell wall polymers, the physiological function of the secreted mucilaginous polysaccharides remains ambiguous. Seed mucilage is shaped by two distinct classes of highly substituted hemicelluloses along with cellulose and structural proteins, but their interplay has not been explored.

We deciphered the functions of four distinct classes of cell wall polymers by generating a series of double mutants with defects in heteromannan, xylan, cellulose, or the arabinogalactan protein SALT‐OVERLY SENSITIVE 5 (SOS5), and evaluating their impact on mucilage architecture and seed germination during salt stress.

We discovered that muci10 seeds, lacking heteromannan branches, had elevated tolerance to salt stress, while heteromannan elongation mutants exhibited reduced germination in calcium chloride (CaCl2). By contrast, xylan made by MUCILAGE‐RELATED21 (MUCI21) was found to be required for the adherence of mucilage pectin to microfibrils made by CELLULOSE SYNTHASE5 (CESA5) as well as to a SOS5‐mediated network.

Our results indicate that the substitution of xylan and glucomannan in seeds can fine‐tune mucilage adherence and salt tolerance, respectively. The study of germinating seeds can thus provide insights into the synthesis, modification and function of complex glycans.
Integrating GWAS and eQTL to predict genes and pathways for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without palate
Authors: Yang Jing , Yu Xin , Zhu Guirong , Wang Ruimin , Lou Shu , Zhu Weihao , Fu Chengyi , Liu Jinsuo , Fan Liwen , Li Dandan , Shao Qinghua , Ma Lan , Wang Lin , Wang Zhendong , Pan Yongchu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore susceptibility genes and pathways for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P).Materials and methodsTwo genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) datasets, including 858 NSCL/P cases and 1,248 controls, were integrated with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) dataset identified by Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) project in whole‐blood samples. The expression of the candidate genes in mouse orofacial development was inquired from FaceBase. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was visualized to identify protein functions. Go and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to explore the underlying risk pathways.ResultsA total of 233 eQTL single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 432 candidate genes were identified to be associated with the risk of NSCL/P. One hundred and eighty‐three susceptible genes were expressed in mouse orofacial development according to FaceBase. PPI network analysis highlighted that these genes involved in ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis (KCTD7, ASB1, UBOX5, ANAPC4) and DNA synthesis (XRCC3, RFC3, KAT5, RHNO1) were associated with the risk of NSCL/P. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the fatty acid metabolism pathway (ACADL, HSD17B12, ACSL5, PPT1, MCAT) played an important role in the development of NSCL/P.ConclusionsOur results identified novel susceptibility genes and pathways associated with the development of NSCL/P.
Dental caries‐related primary hypertension in children and adolescents: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ostalska‐Nowicka Danuta , Paszyńska Elżbieta , Dmitrzak‐Węglarz Monika , Neyman‐Bartkowiak Anna , Rabiega Alina , Zachwieja Jacek , Nowicki Michał 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is a growing clinical problem in pediatric population. Also, the cause of hypertension is usually unknown and it may result from systemic inflammation related to tooth decay.AimTo estimate the potential association in cross‐sectional study between tooth decay and hypertension in children and adolescents.Patients and MethodsStudy group—65 children diagnosed with primary arterial hypertension; control subjects—44 normotensive children. Blood pressure, dental examination, measurement of salivary cortisol, alpha‐amylase, secretory IgA, and lysozyme concentrations were performed in all of the children.ResultsHyper‐ and normotensive children had similar peripheral blood morphology and serum biochemical parameters, except of uric acid concentration, which was significantly higher in the study group (p = .047). Salivary evening concentrations of cortisol and alpha‐amylase were significantly higher in hypertensive children (p = .002 and p = .004, respectively). Although 24‐hr systolic blood pressure (SBP), including daytime and nighttime SBP, correlated with “decay,” “microalbuminuria,” “BMI,” and “glomerular filtration rate” (r > .75, r > .7, r < .68, and r < .43, respectively), in multivariate analysis only “decay” was associated with hypertension both in children and in adolescents (p < .0001).ConclusionTooth decay in children/adolescents might be regarded as a potent trigger factor of hypertension in individuals in whom all other causes of secondary arterial hypertension have been excluded.
Prevalence of pain in oral cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: Khawaja Shehryar Nasir , Jamshed Arif , Hussain Raza T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of pain among treatment‐naïve patients with oral cancer and to identify the clinical and histopathological characteristics of oral cancer associated with pain occurrence.Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of patients presenting with biopsy‐proven oral cancer between January 2015 and December 2019. Variables, including demographic data, medical history, clinical presentation, and histopathological information, were extracted and analyzed. Appropriate descriptive and analytic statistics were computed.ResultsAmong 1,067 participants, 682(63.9%) were males. The prevalence of pain was 67.5%. It was found to be significantly associated with the duration of symptoms, history of betel or areca nut, squamous cell carcinoma, presence of disease in tongue, palate, and lips, lesion size, clinical nodal involvement, depth of invasion, TNM classification, limited mouth opening, bleeding, and restricted tongue mobility. Logistic regression analysis suggested that pain in oral cancer was positively associated with the occurrence of disease in the tongue and negatively with TNM stage I.ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of pain among patients with oral cancer even before the initiation of any therapeutic intervention. Occurrence is significantly higher in patients with the presence of disease in the tongue and among those with TNM stage II or more.
Simulated dimensional compatibility of uncuffed and cuffed tracheal tubes for selective endobronchial intubation in children
Authors: Moser Berthold , Kemper Michael , Dullenkopf Alexander , Dave Mital H. , Buehler Philipp K. , Weiss Markus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCuffed tracheal tubes have recently been recommended for selective endobronchial intubation to establish single‐lung ventilation even in smaller children. This implies that, compared with uncuffed tracheal tubes, the cuffed tracheal tubes selected will be smaller and therefore have a shorter length. We hypothesized that cuffed tracheal tubes might be of insufficient length for selective endobronchial intubation if the tube cuff were fully immersed in the left or right mainstem bronchus.MethodsThe distance from the proximal end of the tracheal tube to the upper border of the cuff in cuffed tracheal tubes and to the upper margin of the Murphy eye in uncuffed tracheal tubes, respectively, was assessed in sizes 3.0–7.0 mm internal diameter. The raw data sets of two previously performed studies obtained from 337 children aged from birth to 16 years, including the distances “teeth to tracheal tube tip” and “tracheal tube tip to carina,” were used to calculate age‐, weight‐, and height‐related data for the distance from “teeth to carina.” Tracheal tube dimensions were compared with age‐related distances from “teeth to carina,” applying published recommendations for the selection of uncuffed and cuffed tracheal tubes for selective endobronchial intubation in children.ResultsThe differences between the length of the age‐related tracheal tube and the tracheal tube insertion length required to guarantee full insertion of the tracheal tube cuff or the Murphy eye within the mainstem bronchus ranged from −3.5 to 52.6 mm in cuffed tracheal tubes and from 42.3 to 83.3 mm in uncuffed tracheal tubes.ConclusionsFor many age groups of patients requiring selective endobronchial intubation, the lengths of cuffed tracheal tubes, in contrast to those of uncuffed tracheal tubes, were revealed to be critically short for safe taping outside the oral cavity with the cuff placed completely within the right or left mainstem bronchus.
Needle decompression of the abdomen in a premature infant with abdominal compartment syndrome and cardiopulmonary arrest: A case report
Authors: Yang Lei , Yang Di , Wu Yang , Li Yu , Liao Ren , Zuo Yunxia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA premature infant with abdominal compartment syndrome underwent cardiopulmonary arrest before receiving decompressive laparotomy, and the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation was poor. The abdomen was punctured with an 18‐gauge needle, alleviating the distension and resulting in successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Aesthetic obligations
Authors: Kubala Robbie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAre there aesthetic obligations, and what would account for their binding force if so? I first develop a general, domain‐neutral notion of obligation, then critically discuss six arguments offered for and against the existence of aesthetic obligations. The most serious challenge is that all aesthetic obligations are ultimately grounded in moral norms, and I survey the prospects for this challenge alongside three non‐moral views about the source of aesthetic obligations: individual practical identity, social practices, and aesthetic value primitivism. I conclude by raising questions for further work in this area.
Neurocognitive processes mediate the relation between children’s motor skills, cardiorespiratory fitness and response inhibition: Evidence from source imaging
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Möhring Wenke , Budde Henning , Hirt Nick , Pühse Uwe , Gerber Markus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests an association between outcomes of sports participation, such as motor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness, and aspects of inhibitory control in children. However, it remains unclear if motor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness are related to different source activity patterns and if neurophysiological indices of response inhibition mediate the relation of these constructs with behavioral performance. We examined the relative contributions of motor skills and cardiorespiratory fitness to response inhibition and a potential mediation by the neurocognitive processes indexed by the N200 and P300 components of event‐related potentials. About 92 children aged 9–13 years completed the Movement ABC‐2, the PWC170 and a Go/NoGo task. We employed electroencephalography (EEG) to record the N200 and P300 components elicited by the task, which are considered to reflect conflict monitoring and the allocation of attentional resources toward task‐relevant stimuli, respectively. Path‐anlayses revealed a moderate association between motor skills and behavioral performance on the Go/NoGo task. This association was fully mediated by the P300 amplitude in the NoGo condition. In contrast, cardiorespiratory fitness was not related to behavioral performance, but accounted for variance in N200. Source analyses supported an association between cardiorespiratory fitness and N200 source activity in prefrontal and primary motor cortex, whereas motor skills were related to P300 source activity in the posterior cingulate cortex. Our findings provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms underlying the relation between motor skills and response inhibition. Moreover, we found that the neural generators of the P300 and N200 varied as a function of children's cardiorespiratory fitness and motor skills.
Employer Branding and Recruitment: Social Media Field Experiments Targeting Future Public Employees
Authors: Keppeler Florian , Papenfuß Ulf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPublic sector recruitment is an urgent and prevailing challenge in both research and practice. Public employer branding is an important subject in the theoretical debate, but the mechanisms behind how certain signals of public employers affect individuals' interest in a job are under‐researched. By bridging signaling theory, social identity theory, and personnel economics, this study analyzes the effects of signals in advertisements related to societal impact, job security, and performance orientation on different gender/age‐based target groups. This series of pre‐registered social media field experiments (n = 196,822 persons) with four public employers examines the degree to which these signals affect individuals' interest in a job at a public employer. The results do not show an overall impact of the signals but target group‐specific effects—gender has a significant effect and age for certain public employers. Compared with the societal impact signal, the job security signal has a slightly stronger effect.
Psychometric evaluation of the German version of the instrument: Families’ Importance in Nursing Care – Nurses’ Attitudes (FINC‐NA)
Authors: Naef Rahel , Schmid‐Mohler Gabriela , Ernst Jutta 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe involvement of families in care has long been advocated for acute and critical care settings to improve quality and safety of care. Nurses’ attitudes towards families influence the way they involve and partner with families in the planning and delivery of care. Therefore, instruments with proven psychometric properties are necessary to assess the attitudes of nurses towards involving families in nursing care.AimsTo cross‐culturally adapt and psychometrically test the German version of the Families’ Importance in Nursing Care – Nurses’ Attitudes (FINC‐NA) scale with acute and critical care nurses.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out with 316 acute–critical care nurses, who filled in the FINC‐NA between December 2016 and May 2018. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess structural validity. Internal consistency and homogeneity were determined using Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsThe four‐factor structure of the FINC‐NA – family as partner in care, family as resource in nursing care, family as their own resource and family as burden – was confirmed in the German version. Due to low primary and multiple loadings, seven items were removed. Moreover, five items loaded on different factors than the original version. Cronbach’s alpha of factors ranged between 0.68 and 0.86.ConclusionThe cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of the German version of the FINC‐NA resulted in a 19‐item scale that measure nurses’ attitudes towards the importance of families in nursing care. Further testing is needed to refine the structural validity and establish construct validity of the FINC‐NA German version.
Systematic prediction of autophagy‐related proteins using Arabidopsis thaliana interactome data
Authors: Cheng Lixin , Zeng Yonglun , Hu Shuai , Zhang Ning , Cheung Kenneth C. P. , Li Baiying , Leung Kwong‐Sak , Jiang Liwen 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYAutophagy is a self‐degradative process that is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis by removing damaged cytoplasmic components and recycling nutrients. Such an evolutionary conserved proteolysis process is regulated by the autophagy‐related (Atg) proteins. The incomplete understanding of plant autophagy proteome and the importance of a proteome‐wide understanding of the autophagy pathway prompted us to predict Atg proteins and regulators in Arabidopsis. Here, we developed a systems‐level algorithm to identify autophagy‐related modules (ARMs) based on protein subcellular localization, protein–protein interactions, and known Atg proteins. This generates a detailed landscape of the autophagic modules in Arabidopsis. We found that the newly identified genes in each ARM tend to be upregulated and coexpressed during the senescence stage of Arabidopsis. We also demonstrated that the Golgi apparatus ARM, ARM13, functions in the autophagy process by module clustering and functional analysis. To verify the in silico analysis, the Atg candidates in ARM13 that are functionally similar to the core Atg proteins were selected for experimental validation. Interestingly, two of the previously uncharacterized proteins identified from the ARM analysis, AGD1 and Sec14, exhibited bona fide association with the autophagy protein complex in plant cells, which provides evidence for a cross‐talk between intracellular pathways and autophagy. Thus, the computational framework has facilitated the identification and characterization of plant‐specific autophagy‐related proteins and novel autophagy proteins/regulators in higher eukaryotes.
Compressor Stall Warning Using Nonlinear Feature Extraction Algorithms
Authors: Lou Fangyuan , Key Nicole L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Stall is a type of flow instability in compressors that sets the low-flow limit for compressor operation. During the past few decades, efforts to develop a reliable stall warning system have had limited success. This paper focuses on the small nonlinear disturbances prior to deep surge and introduces a new approach to identify these disturbances using nonlinear feature extraction algorithms including phase-reconstruction of time-series signals and evaluation of a parameter called approximate entropy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time approximate entropy has been used for stall warning, and thus, its definition and utility are presented in detail. The technique is applied to stall data sets from two different compressors: a high-speed centrifugal compressor that unexpectedly entered rotating stall during a speed transient and a multistage axial compressor with both modal- and spike-type stall inception. In both cases, nonlinear disturbances appear, in terms of spikes in approximate entropy, prior to surge. The presence of these presurge spikes indicates the potential of using the approximate entropy parameter for small disturbance detection and stall warning. The details of the nonlinear feature extraction algorithm, including guidelines for its application as well as results from applying the algorithm to rig-level data, are presented.
Adaptation and piloting of an integrated intervention model for alcohol use disorders in primary healthcare in rural Tanzania: a study protocol
Authors: Mushi Dorothy Peter , Hanlon Charlotte , Francis Joel Msafiri , Teferra Solomon 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionIntegration of evidence-based interventions for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) into primary healthcare has potential to increase coverage and reduce population burden. However, these interventions are rarely implemented in low- and middle-income countries and there is little existing guidance on how this could be achieved. The aim of the proposed study is to adapt and pilot an integrated model for AUDs in Tanzanian primary healthcare.Methods and analysisThe study design will include a situational analysis, a qualitative study, a series of participatory Theory of Change (ToC) workshops and pilot intervention study. The evidence-based packages of care for AUD from the WHO mental health Gap Intervention Guide will form the basis of intervention. The situation analysis will use publicly available data to identify existing resources and system functioning. In-depth interviews will be conducted with key stakeholders (people with lived experience of substance use problems, health workers, health planners and community-based organisations) to identify barriers and facilitators to integration and recommended implementation strategies. Thematic analysis will be used. Triangulation of findings will inform the ToC map for the adapted model of integrated services for AUDs. This model will then be piloted. Change in knowledge, skills and attitudes of health workers will be measured pre-implementation and post-implementation. Interrupted time series analysis will be used to identify change in the rate of identification of AUDs beyond that observed due to secular trends or by chance. The integrated model will be finalised for future implementation and larger-scale evaluation.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from Addis Ababa University College of Health Science Institutional Review Board and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Institutional Review Board. Findings will be disseminated to inform strategies for scale up of integrated interventions for people with AUDs in Tanzania and similar contexts.
Long-term risk factors for suicide in suicide attempters examined at a medical emergency in patient unit: results from a 32-year follow-up study
Authors: Probert-Lindström Sara , Berge Jonas , Westrin Åsa , Öjehagen Agneta , Skogman Pavulans Katarina 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe overall aim of this study is to gain greater knowledge about the risk of suicide among suicide attempters in a very long-term perspective. Specifically, to investigate possible differences in clinical risk factors at short (≤5 years) versus long term (>5 years), with the hypothesis that risk factors differ in the shorter and longer perspective.DesignProspective study with register-based follow-up for 21–32 years.SettingMedical emergency inpatient unit in the south of Sweden.Participants1044 individuals assessed by psychiatric consultation when admitted to medical inpatient care for attempted suicide during 1987–1998.Outcome measuresSuicide and all-cause mortality.ResultsAt follow-up, 37.6% of the participants had died, 7.2% by suicide and 53% of these within 5 years of the suicide attempt. A diagnosis of psychosis at baseline represented the risk factor with the highest HR at long-term follow-up, that is, >5 years, followed by major depression and a history of attempted suicide before the index attempt. The severity of a suicide attempt as measured by SIS (Suicide Intent Scale) showed a non-proportional association with the hazard for suicide over time and was a relevant risk factor for suicide only within the first 5 years after an attempted suicide.ConclusionsThe risk of suicide after a suicide attempt persists for up to 32 years after the index attempt. A baseline diagnosis of psychosis or major depression or earlier suicide attempts continued to be relevant risk factors in the very long term. The SIS score is a better predictor of suicide risk at short term, that is, within 5 years than at long term. This should be considered in the assessment of suicide risk and the implementation of care for these individuals.