bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic changes in the epigenomic landscape regulate human organogenesis and link to developmental disorders
Authors: Gerrard Dave T. , Berry Andrew A. , Jennings Rachel E. , Birket Matthew J. , Zarrineh Peyman , Garstang Myles G. , Withey Sarah L. , Short Patrick , Jiménez-Gancedo Sandra , Firbas Panos N. , Donaldson Ian , Sharrocks Andrew D. , Hanley Karen Piper , Hurles Matthew E. , Gomez-Skarmeta José Luis , Bobola Nicoletta , Hanley Neil A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow the genome activates or silences transcriptional programmes governs organ formation. Little is known in human embryos undermining our ability to benchmark the fidelity of stem cell differentiation or cell programming, or interpret the pathogenicity of noncoding variation. Here, we study histone modifications across thirteen tissues during human organogenesis. We integrate the data with transcription to build an overview of how the human genome differentially regulates alternative organ fates including by repression. Promoters from nearly 20,000 genes partition into discrete states. Key developmental gene sets are actively repressed outside of the appropriate organ without obvious bivalency. Candidate enhancers, functional in zebrafish, allow imputation of tissue-specific and shared patterns of transcription factor binding. Overlaying more than 700 noncoding mutations from patients with developmental disorders allows correlation to unanticipated target genes. Taken together, the data provide a comprehensive genomic framework for investigating normal and abnormal human development.
Entropy-stabilized single-atom Pd catalysts via high-entropy fluorite oxide supports
Authors: Xu Haidi , Zhang Zihao , Liu Jixing , Do-Thanh Chi-Linh , Chen Hao , Xu Shuhao , Lin Qinjing , Jiao Yi , Wang Jianli , Wang Yun , Chen Yaoqiang , Dai Sheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSingle-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted considerable attention in the catalysis community. However, fabricating intrinsically stable SACs on traditional supports (N-doped carbon, metal oxides, etc.) remains a formidable challenge, especially under high-temperature conditions. Here, we report a novel entropy-driven strategy to stabilize Pd single-atom on the high-entropy fluorite oxides (CeZrHfTiLa)Ox (HEFO) as the support by a combination of mechanical milling with calcination at 900 °C. Characterization results reveal that single Pd atoms are incorporated into HEFO (Pd1@HEFO) sublattice by forming stable Pd–O–M bonds (M = Ce/Zr/La). Compared to the traditional support stabilized catalysts such as Pd@CeO2, Pd1@HEFO affords the improved reducibility of lattice oxygen and the existence of stable Pd–O–M species, thus exhibiting not only higher low-temperature CO oxidation activity but also outstanding resistance to thermal and hydrothermal degradation. This work therefore exemplifies the superiority of high-entropy materials for the preparation of SACs.
Polymer/molecular semiconductor all-organic composites for high-temperature dielectric energy storage
Authors: Yuan Chao , Zhou Yao , Zhu Yujie , Liang Jiajie , Wang Shaojie , Peng Simin , Li Yushu , Cheng Sang , Yang Mingcong , Hu Jun , Zhang Bo , Zeng Rong , He Jinliang , Li Qi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDielectric polymers for electrostatic energy storage suffer from low energy density and poor efficiency at elevated temperatures, which constrains their use in the harsh-environment electronic devices, circuits, and systems. Although incorporating insulating, inorganic nanostructures into dielectric polymers promotes the temperature capability, scalable fabrication of high-quality nanocomposite films remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report an all-organic composite comprising dielectric polymers blended with high-electron-affinity molecular semiconductors that exhibits concurrent high energy density (3.0 J cm−3) and high discharge efficiency (90%) up to 200 °C, far outperforming the existing dielectric polymers and polymer nanocomposites. We demonstrate that molecular semiconductors immobilize free electrons via strong electrostatic attraction and impede electric charge injection and transport in dielectric polymers, which leads to the substantial performance improvements. The all-organic composites can be fabricated into large-area and high-quality films with uniform dielectric and capacitive performance, which is crucially important for their successful commercialization and practical application in high-temperature electronics and energy storage devices.
Cryo-EM structures of intact V-ATPase from bovine brain
Authors: Wang Rong , Long Tao , Hassan Abdirahman , Wang Jin , Sun Yingyuan , Xie Xiao-Song , Li Xiaochun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe vacuolar-type H+-ATPases (V-ATPase) hydrolyze ATP to pump protons across the plasma or intracellular membrane, secreting acids to the lumen or acidifying intracellular compartments. It has been implicated in tumor metastasis, renal tubular acidosis, and osteoporosis. Here, we report two cryo-EM structures of the intact V-ATPase from bovine brain with all the subunits including the subunit H, which is essential for ATPase activity. Two type-I transmembrane proteins, Ac45 and (pro)renin receptor, along with subunit c”, constitute the core of the c-ring. Three different conformations of A/B heterodimers suggest a mechanism for ATP hydrolysis that triggers a rotation of subunits DF, inducing spinning of subunit d with respect to the entire c-ring. Moreover, many lipid molecules have been observed in the Vo domain to mediate the interactions between subunit c, c”, (pro)renin receptor, and Ac45. These two structures reveal unique features of mammalian V-ATPase and suggest a mechanism of V1-Vo torque transmission.
Metasurface-assisted massive backscatter wireless communication with commodity Wi-Fi signals
Authors: Zhao Hanting , Shuang Ya , Wei Menglin , Cui Tie Jun , Hougne Philipp del , Li Lianlin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConventional wireless communication architecture, a backbone of our modern society, relies on actively generated carrier signals to transfer information, leading to important challenges including limited spectral resources and energy consumption. Backscatter communication systems, on the other hand, modulate an antenna’s impedance to encode information into already existing waves but suffer from low data rates and a lack of information security. Here, we introduce the concept of massive backscatter communication which modulates the propagation environment of stray ambient waves with a programmable metasurface. The metasurface’s large aperture and huge number of degrees of freedom enable unprecedented wave control and thereby secure and high-speed information transfer. Our prototype leveraging existing commodity 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi signals achieves data rates on the order of hundreds of Kbps. Our technique is applicable to all types of wave phenomena and provides a fundamentally new perspective on the role of metasurfaces in future wireless communication.
Increased future occurrences of the exceptional 2018–2019 Central European drought under global warming
Authors: Hari Vittal , Rakovec Oldrich , Markonis Yannis , Hanel Martin , Kumar Rohini 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSince the spring 2018, a large part of Europe has been in the midst of a record-setting drought. Using long-term observations, we demonstrate that the occurrence of the 2018–2019 (consecutive) summer drought is unprecedented in the last 250 years, and its combined impact on the growing season vegetation activities is stronger compared to the 2003 European drought. Using a suite of climate model simulation outputs, we underpin the role of anthropogenic warming on exacerbating the future risk of such a consecutive drought event. Under the highest Representative Concentration Pathway, (RCP 8.5), we notice a seven-fold increase in the occurrence of the consecutive droughts, with additional 40 ($$\pm \, 5$$±5) million ha of cultivated areas being affected by such droughts, during the second half of the twenty-first century. The occurrence is significantly reduced under low and medium scenarios (RCP 2.6 and RCP 4.5), suggesting that an effective mitigation strategy could aid in reducing the risk of future consecutive droughts.
A method for assessing tissue respiration in anatomically defined brain regions
Authors: Underwood Erica , Redell John B. , Zhao Jing , Moore Anthony N. , Dash Pramod K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe survival and function of brain cells requires uninterrupted ATP synthesis. Different brain structures subserve distinct neurological functions, and therefore have different energy production/consumption requirements. Typically, mitochondrial function is assessed following their isolation from relatively large amounts of starting tissue, making it difficult to ascertain energy production/failure in small anatomical locations. In order to overcome this limitation, we have developed and optimized a method to measure mitochondrial function in brain tissue biopsy punches excised from anatomically defined brain structures, including white matter tracts. We describe the procedures for maintaining tissue viability prior to performing the biopsy punches, as well as provide guidance for optimizing punch size and the drug doses needed to assess various aspects of mitochondrial respiration. We demonstrate that our method can be used to measure mitochondrial respiration in anatomically defined subfields within the rat hippocampus. Using this method, we present experimental results which show that a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI, often referred to as concussion) causes differential mitochondrial responses within these hippocampal subfields and the corpus callosum, novel findings that would have been difficult to obtain using traditional mitochondrial isolation methods. Our method is easy to implement and will be of interest to researchers working in the field of brain bioenergetics and brain diseases.
Characterization of a SPM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa by comparative genomics and phenotypic analysis
Authors: do Nascimento Ana Paula Barbosa , Medeiros Filho Fernando , Pauer Heidi , Antunes Luis Caetano Martha , Sousa Hério , Senger Hermes , Albano Rodolpho Mattos , Trindade dos Santos Marcelo , Carvalho-Assef Ana Paula D’Alincourt , da Silva Fabrício Alves Barbosa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogens related to healthcare-associated infections. The Brazilian isolate, named CCBH4851, is a multidrug-resistant clone belonging to the sequence type 277. The antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of the CCBH4851 strain are associated with the presence of the bla$$_\text {SPM-1}$$

SPM-1

gene, encoding a metallo-beta-lactamase, in combination with other exogenously acquired genes. Whole-genome sequencing studies focusing on emerging pathogens are essential to identify key features of their physiology that may lead to the identification of new targets for therapy. Using both Illumina and PacBio sequencing data, we obtained a single contig representing the CCBH4851 genome with annotated features that were consistent with data reported for the species. However, comparative analysis with other Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains revealed genomic differences regarding virulence factors and regulatory proteins. In addition, we performed phenotypic assays that revealed CCBH4851 is impaired in bacterial motilities and biofilm formation. On the other hand, CCBH4851 genome contained acquired genomic islands that carry transcriptional factors, virulence and antimicrobial resistance-related genes. Presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the core genome, mainly those located in resistance-associated genes, suggests that these mutations may also influence the multidrug-resistant behavior of CCBH4851. Overall, characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCBH4851 complete genome revealed the presence of features that strongly relates to the virulence and antibiotic resistance profile of this important infectious agent.
Innate lymphoid cells are reduced in pregnant HIV positive women and are associated with preterm birth
Authors: Akoto Charlene , Chan Christina Y. S. , Tshivuila-Matala Chrystelle O. O. , Ravi Krithi , Zhang Wei , Vatish Manu , Norris Shane A. , Hemelaar Joris 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPreterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal and child mortality worldwide. Globally, 1.4 million pregnant women are estimated to be living with HIV/AIDS, the majority of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment (ART) have been associated with increased rates of preterm birth, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Acute HIV infection is associated with a rapid depletion of all three subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, which is not reversed by ART. ILCs have been found at the maternal–fetal interface and we therefore investigated the potential association between maternal HIV infection, peripheral ILC frequencies and preterm birth. In our study of pregnant South African women with accurately dated pregnancies, we show that maternal HIV infection is associated with reduced levels of all three ILC subsets. Preterm birth was also associated with lower levels of all three ILC subsets in early pregnancy. ILC frequencies were lowest in HIV positive women who experienced preterm birth. Moreover, ILC levels were reduced in pregnancies resulting in spontaneous onset of preterm labour and in extreme preterm birth (< 28 weeks gestation). Our findings suggest that reduced ILC frequencies may be a link between maternal HIV infection and preterm birth. In addition, ILC frequencies in early pregnancy may serve as predictive biomarkers for women who are at risk of delivering preterm.
The vomeronasal system of the newborn capybara: a morphological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Torres Mateo V. , Ortiz-Leal Irene , Villamayor Paula R. , Ferreiro Andrea , Rois José Luis , Sanchez-Quinteiro Pablo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe vomeronasal system (VNS) is responsible for the perception mainly of pheromones and kairomones. Primarily studied in laboratory rodents, it plays a crucial role in their socio-sexual behaviour. As a wild rodent, the capybara offers a more objective and representative perspective to understand the significance of the system in the Rodentia, avoiding the risk of extrapolating from laboratory rodent strains, exposed to high levels of artificial selection pressure. We have studied the main morphological and immunohistochemical features of the capybara vomeronasal organ (VNO) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). The study was done in newborn individuals to investigate the maturity of the system at this early stage. We used techniques such as histological stains, lectins-labelling and immunohistochemical characterization of a range of proteins, including G proteins (Gαi2, Gαo) and olfactory marking protein. As a result, we conclude that the VNS of the capybara at birth is capable of establishing the same function as that of the adult, and that it presents unique features as the high degree of differentiation of the AOB and the active cellular migration in the vomeronasal epithelium. All together makes the capybara a promising model for the study of chemical communication in the first days of life.
Early detection of general movements trajectories in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Porro Matteo , Fontana Camilla , Giannì Maria Lorella , Pesenti Nicola , Boggini Tiziana , De Carli Agnese , De Bon Giovanna , Lucco Giovanna , Mosca Fabio , Fumagalli Monica , Picciolini Odoardo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate General Movements’(GMs) neonatal trajectories and their association with neurodevelopment at three months corrected age (CA) in preterm infants. We conducted an observational, longitudinal study in 216 very low birth weight infants. GMs were recorded at 31 ± 1, 35 ± 1, 40 ± 1 weeks of postmenstrual age and at three months of corrected age (CA). More than 90% of infants showing neonatal trajectories with persistent Normal (N-N) or initial Poor Repertoire to Normal (PR-N) movements presented fidgety pattern at three months CA. On the contrary, fidgety movements were not detected in any infant with a trajectory of persistent Cramped-Synchronized (CS-CS) or an initial Poor-Repertoire to Cramped-Synchronized (PR-CS) movements. Trajectories with initial Normal to Poor-Repertoire (N-PR) or persistent Poor-Repertoire (PR-PR) movements showed an increased risk of having a non-normal Fidgety pattern compared with the N-N group (OR = 8.43, 95% CI: 2.26–31.45 and OR = 15.02, 95% CI: 6.40–35.26, respectively). These results highlight the importance to evaluate neonatal GMs’ trajectory to predict infants’ neurodevelopment. N-N or PR-N trajectories suggest normal short-term neurodevelopment, especially a lower risk of Cerebral Palsy; whereas findings of N-PR and PR-PR trajectories indicate the need for closer follow up to avoid delay in programming intervention strategies.
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 on head and neck cancer patients post-radiotherapy: a pilot study
Authors: Vesty Anna , Gear Kim , Boutell Sharon , Taylor Michael W. , Douglas Richard G. , Biswas Kristi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractXerostomia detrimentally affects the oral health of many head and neck cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy. Its sequelae become an ongoing burden for patients that often manifest as periodontal disease and dental decay. Bacteria play a major role in the pathogenesis of these conditions and here we explore the use of an oral probiotic to beneficially modulate the oral bacterial community post-radiotherapy. In this pilot study, a four-week intervention with oral probiotic lozenges containing Streptococcus salivarius M18 was trialled in seven patients. Post-intervention changes in oral health and in the composition of the plaque and saliva bacterial communities were compared with six patients in a placebo group. An improvement in periodontal screening and plaque index scores was observed in both groups after the intervention period. The oral probiotic lozenges did not significantly impact bacterial community composition or diversity, nor did the probiotic lozenges increase the relative sequence abundance of ZOTU_1 (the probiotic-associated sequence assigned to S. salivarius) detected in the samples. Network analyses suggest negative interactions occurred between ZOTU_1 and species from the periopathogenic genera Campylobacter, Fretibacterium, Selenomonas and Treponema but further investigation is required to more fully understand the beneficial properties of this oral probiotic.
Polysomnographic phenotyping of obstructive sleep apnea and its implications in mortality in Korea
Authors: Kim Jeong-Whun , Won Tae-Bin , Rhee Chae-Seo , Park Young Mi , Yoon In-Young , Cho Sung-Woo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConventionally, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) is used to define and categorize the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. However, routine polysomnography (PSG) includes multiple parameters for assessing the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. The goal of this study is to identify and categorize obstructive sleep apnea phenotypes using unsupervised learning methods from routine PSG data. We identified four clusters from 4,603 patients by using 29 PSG variable and arranged according to their mean AHI. Cluster 1, spontaneous arousal (mean AHI = 8.52/h); cluster 2, poor sleep and periodic limb movements (mean AHI = 12.16/h); cluster 3, hypopnea (mean AHI = 38.60/h); and cluster 4, hypoxia (mean AHI = 69.66/h). Conventional obstructive sleep apnea classification based on apnea–hypopnea index severity showed no significant difference in cardiovascular or cerebrovascular mortality (Log rank P = 0.331), while 4 clusters showed an overall significant difference (Log rank P = 0.009). The risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular mortality was significantly increased in cluster 2 (hazard ratio = 6.460, 95% confidence interval 1.734–24.073) and cluster 4 (hazard ratio = 4.844, 95% confidence interval 1.300–18.047) compared to cluster 1, which demonstrated the lowest mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and underlying medical condition, only cluster 4 showed significantly increased risk of mortality compared to cluster 1 (hazard ratio = 7.580, 95% confidence interval 2.104–34.620). Phenotyping based on numerous PSG parameters gives additional information on patients’ risk evaluation. Physicians should be aware of PSG features for further understanding the pathophysiology and personalized treatment.
Comprehensive N-glycosylation mapping of envelope glycoprotein from tick-borne encephalitis virus grown in human and tick cells
Authors: Lattová Erika , Straková Petra , Pokorná-Formanová Petra , Grubhoffer Libor , Bell-Sakyi Lesley , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Palus Martin , Ruzek Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of severe human neuroinfections that most commonly occur after a tick bite. N-Glycosylation of the TBEV envelope (E) glycoprotein is critical for virus egress in mammalian cells, but not in tick cells. In addition, glycans have been reported to mask specific antigenic sites from recognition by neutralizing antibodies. In this regard, the main purpose of our study was to investigate the profile of N-glycans linked to the E protein of TBEV when grown in human neuronal cells and compare it to the profile of virus grown in tick cells. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed significant differences in these profiles. High-mannose glycan with five mannose residues (Man5GlcNAc2), a complex biantennary galactosylated structure with core fucose (Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2Fuc), and a group of hybrid glycans with the composition Gal0-1GlcNAc1Man3-5GlcNAc2Fuc0-1 were confirmed as the main asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on the surface of TBEV derived from human neuronal cells. The observed pattern was supported by examination of the glycopeptides, providing additional information about the glycosylation site in the E protein. In contrast, the profile of TBEV grown in tick cells showed that paucimannose (Man3-4 GlcNAc2Fuc0-1) and high-mannose structures with five and six mannoses (Man5-6GlcNAc2) were major glycans on the viral surface. The reported results complement existing crystallography and cryoelectron tomography data on the E protein structure and could be instrumental for designing carbohydrate-binding antiviral agents active against TBEV.