bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular matrix remodeling with stress and depression: Studies in human, rodent and zebrafish models
Authors: Blanco Ismary , Conant Katherine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations occur with stress. Specifically, increases in perineuronal net (PNN) deposition have been observed in rodents exposed to chronic corticosterone or persistent social defeat stress. The PNN is a specific form of ECM that is predominantly localized to parvalbumin (PV)‐expressing inhibitory interneurons where it modulates neuronal excitability and brain oscillations that are influenced by the same. Consistent with a role for ECM changes in contributing to the depressive phenotype, recent studies have demonstrated that monoamine reuptake inhibitor type antidepressants can reduce PNN deposition, improve behavior and stimulate changes in gamma oscillatory power that may be important to mood and memory. The present review will highlight studies in humans, rodents and zebrafish that have examined stress, PNN deposition and/or gamma oscillations with a focus on potential cellular and molecular underpinnings.
A process‐based metacommunity framework linking local and regional scale community ecology
Authors: Thompson Patrick L. , Guzman Laura Melissa , De Meester Luc , Horváth Zsófia , Ptacnik Robert , Vanschoenwinkel Bram , Viana Duarte S. , Chase Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe metacommunity concept has the potential to integrate local and regional dynamics within a general community ecology framework. To this end, the concept must move beyond the discrete archetypes that have largely defined it (e.g. neutral vs. species sorting) and better incorporate local scale species interactions and coexistence mechanisms. Here, we present a fundamental reconception of the framework that explicitly links local coexistence theory to the spatial processes inherent to metacommunity theory, allowing for a continuous range of competitive community dynamics. These dynamics emerge from the three underlying processes that shape ecological communities: (1) density‐independent responses to abiotic conditions, (2) density‐dependent biotic interactions and (3) dispersal. Stochasticity is incorporated in the demographic realisation of each of these processes. We formalise this framework using a simulation model that explores a wide range of competitive metacommunity dynamics by varying the strength of the underlying processes. Using this model and framework, we show how existing theories, including the traditional metacommunity archetypes, are linked by this common set of processes. We then use the model to generate new hypotheses about how the three processes combine to interactively shape diversity, functioning and stability within metacommunities.
Using a variable value of the fictitious radius to estimate fatigue life of notched elements
Authors: Robak Grzegorz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article discusses the problem related to estimating fatigue life of elements containing stress concentrators. The algorithm for estimating fatigue life presented in this work uses a fictitious ray based on the Neuber method. The proposed algorithm takes into account the variability of microstructural length, which depends on the number of failure cycles. The function thus obtained can be used to select the appropriate value for this length, which simplifies the calculation procedure needed to estimate fatigue life. In addition, this work includes an analysis of the impact of variable cutout geometry on the value of the support coefficient. As a result, it was possible to extend the application of this concept to lower fatigue life values and to structural elements with different notch geometries. The method was verified by performing experiments using elements made of three steel grades. A good correlation between calculation and experimental results was obtained.
Health literacy and COVID‐19
Authors: Spring Hannah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn early 2020, the world experienced an unprecedented health crisis. When the pandemic of coronavirus was declared by the World Health Organization, it brought with it sudden and dramatic changes to everyday life. In the UK, the key message from the Government was to ‘Stay at home, protect the NHS, save lives’, sending out a clear warning that failing to stay at home would put other lives and the ability of the NHS to cope at risk. This editorial discusses COVID‐19, how society responded and the vital role that health literacy plays in saving lives during a global health emergency.
Increase of insular exotic arthropod diversity is a fundamental dimension of the current biodiversity crisis
Authors: Borges Paulo A. V. , Rigal François , Ros‐Prieto Alejandra , Cardoso Pedro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A dramatic insect decline has been documented on the grasslands and forests of European or North American mainland. Yet, other parts of the world and other ecosystems remain much less studied with unknown patterns.
Using a unique time‐series dataset, we investigate recent trends on abundance and richness of arthropods sampled in Azorean native forest over 6 years (2013–2018).
We test the hypothesis that biodiversity erosion drivers are changing the diversity and relative species abundance structure (species abundance distribution, SAD) of endemics, native non‐endemics and exotic species over time. We also examine temporal trends in abundance for each individual species.
In contrast with mainland studies, we observed no decline in overall arthropod diversity, but a clear increase in the diversity of exotic arthropods and some evidence of a tendency for decreasing abundance for some endemic species. We also document stronger species turnover for exotic species, but no specific changes in the SAD.
We argue that many changes, particularly in unique systems such as islands, will be noticed not at the richness but mostly at compositional level. Special attention should be given to exotic species which are known to be one of the major drivers of biodiversity erosion on islands.
Preparation and physicochemical properties of edible films from gelatin and Andean potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja) starch
Authors: Otálora María Carolina , Wilches‐Torres Andrea , Gómez Castaño Jovanny A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA novel edible film formulation using native Andean potato starch (APS) and gelatin (G) was developed, and evaluated as a function of the APS/G ratio (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3). The films were physicochemically, structurally (FTIR and Raman), morphologically (SEM), thermally (DSC/TGA) and mechanically characterised. The addition of starch increased water resistance, clarity and thermal stability of the films. The SEM micrographs showed a heterogeneous surface and a compact structure. The films also showed low values for both tensile strength and elastic modulus. FTIR analysis revealed intermolecular interactions between the gelatin and starch. Edible film obtained in this work may have potential applications in many fields.
Factors influencing readiness for hospital discharge among patients undergoing laryngectomy
Authors: Zhao Huiling , Feng Xianqiong , Yu Rong , Gu Deying , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo identify factors influencing readiness for hospital discharge among Chinese patients having undergone a laryngectomy and to provide evidence for developing future processes.BackgroundLaryngectomy changes the functional and psychological state of laryngeal cancer patients considerably. However, influencing factors for discharge readiness among laryngectomy patients have hardly been investigated.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional design was used with Meleis' transitions theory as a guiding framework. This survey‐based study was performed with 212 laryngeal cancer patients undergoing laryngectomy at a regional tertiary medical centre between August 2012 and September 2013.ResultsQuality of discharge teaching and having a designated caregiver after discharge were found to influence patients' readiness for discharge.ConclusionClinical interventions such as nursing assessment on discharge readiness, assistance to coordinate postdischarge support and individualized follow‐up planning should be integrated into future clinical processes in China. However, further investigations are needed to systematically align relevant results before clinical practices in Chinese settings are eventually changed.
Cardiac implantable electronic device placement following alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the United States
Authors: Lam Matthew C. , Naidu Srihari S. , Kolte Dhaval , Kennedy Kevin , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Chu Antony F. , Abbott J. Dawn , Gordon Paul , Aronow Herbert D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are sometimes required after alcohol septal ablation (ASA) for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The primary objectives of this study were to characterize the incidence, timing, and predictors of CIED placement after ASA for HCM.MethodsPatients were identified from the 2010–2015 Nationwide Readmissions Databases. Incidence, timing and independent predictors of CIED placement, as well as 30‐day readmission rates were examined.ResultsThere were 1296 patients (national estimate = 2864) with HCM who underwent ASA. CIED were implanted in 322 (25% overall; 14% permanent pacemaker, 11% implantable cardioverter defibrillator) during the index hospitalization. Of these, 21%, 23%, 21%, and 18% occurred on postprocedure day 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Only 17 (1.3%) patients underwent CIED implantation between discharge and 30‐day follow up. Independent predictors of index hospitalization CIED implantation included older age, diabetes, heart failure, nonelective index hospital admission and hospitalization at a privately owned hospital. Nonelective 30‐day readmission rates among those who did and did not undergo CIED placement during their index hospitalization, were 6.8% and 7.9%, respectively (p = .53); median time to readmission was also similar between groups.ConclusionsOne in four HCM patients undergoing ASA underwent CIED implantation during their index hospitalization; nearly 2/3rd during the first 48 h postprocedure. Private hospital ownership independently predicted CIED placement. More data are needed to better understand the unexpectedly high rates of CIED placement, earlier than anticipated timing of implantation and differential rates by hospital ownership.
Seasonal and developmental diet shifts in sympatric and allopatric intertidal gobies determined by stomach content and stable isotope analysis
Authors: Carbia Penelope S. , Brown Culum , Park Joo M. , Gaston Troy F. , Raoult Vincent , Williamson Jane E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResource partitioning facilitates the coexistence of sympatric species through spatial, temporal and/or trophic strategies. Fishes living in the intertidal zone demonstrate highly adaptive plastic behaviour, including resource partitioning, through spatial and temporal shifts in diet and microhabitat. Although intertidal fish assemblages are influenced by inter‐ and intraspecific competition, few studies have compared the extent of resource partitioning between sympatric species in the context of trophic niche plasticity. Here we used complementary approaches, stomach content and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analyses, to evaluate seasonal and developmental shifts in trophic niche position in two sympatric (Favonigobius lentiginosus and Bathygobius krefftii) and one allopatric (Bathygobius cocosensis) species of intertidal goby. The results indicate that resource partitioning in the two sympatric species varied with season, with almost no trophic niche overlap in summer to about ~30% overlap in winter. Also, evidence of dietary changes was found in B. cocosensis, which is likely associated with a shift in microhabitat and intraspecific competition. The findings highlight the temporal range of behavioural plasticity in trophic niche position of intertidal gobies, which likely has high adaptive value in the dynamic intertidal zone.
Risk stratification for gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A population‐based study on Matsu Islands
Authors: Chiang Tsung‐Hsien , Maeda Masahiro , Yamada Harumi , Chan Chang‐Chuan , Chen Sam Li‐Sheng , Chiu Sherry Yueh‐Hsia , Chen Yen‐Nien , Chou Yi‐Hsuan , Shieh Chun‐Fu , Liu Cheng‐Ying , Chiu Han‐Mo , Chiang Hung , Shun Chia‐Tung , Lin Ming‐Wei , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Lin Jaw‐Town , Chen Hsiu‐Hsi , Ushijima Toshikazu , Graham David Y. , Lee Yi‐Chia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe reliable method to stratify the gastric cancer risk after Helicobacter pylori eradication remains an elusive goal.MethodsMass eradication of H. pylori began in 2004 in a high‐risk population. After eradication, a screening program involving first‐stage serological tests (pepsinogen‐I, pepsinogen‐II, H. pylori immunoglobin G, and gastrin‐17) and second‐stage endoscopic examination was launched in 2015–2018. Index lesions included gastric cancer or extensive premalignant lesions. We evaluated the performance of the serological tests to “rule in” and “rule out” the risk based on positive and negative likelihood ratios, respectively. The methylation levels of microRNA‐124a‐3 in the stomach were measured to indicate genetic damage.ResultsAmong 6512 invited subjects, 3895 (59.6%) participated. Both gastrin‐17 and pepsinogen tests were normal in 3560 (91.4%) subjects; 206 (5.3%) gastrin‐17 and 129 (3.3%) pepsinogen tests were abnormal. Years after eradication, the severity of gastritis had fallen greatly, and extensive premalignant lesions or gastric cancer frequently occurred in newly non‐atrophic‐appearing mucosa. Pepsinogen testing could moderately predict atrophic gastritis (positive likelihood ratio: 4.11 [95% confidence interval: 2.92–5.77]; negative likelihood ratio: 0.14 [0.10–0.19]). Gastrin‐17 was not useful (0.66 and 1.20, respectively). However, pepsinogen testing poorly predicted the index lesions (2.04 [1.21–3.42] and 0.57 [0.34–0.95]). DNA methylation levels in the post‐eradication mucosa were more discriminative for predicting index lesions (3.89 [2.32–6.54] and 0.25 [0.15–0.42]).ConclusionsAfter eradication, pepsinogen false‐negative results become more frequent because histology is improved but genetic damage may persist. Direct testing for genetic damage offers better discrimination.
Differences in muscle mechanics underlie divergent optimality criteria between feeding and locomotor systems
Authors: Granatosky Michael C. , Ross Callum F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTetrapod musculoskeletal diversity is usually studied separately in feeding and locomotor systems. However, direct comparisons between these systems promise important insight into how natural selection deploys the same basic musculoskeletal toolkit—connective tissues, bones, nerves, and skeletal muscle—to meet the differing performance criteria of feeding and locomotion. Recent studies using this approach have proposed that the feeding system is optimized for precise application of high forces and the locomotor system is optimized for wide and rapid joint excursions for minimal energetic expenditure. If this hypothesis is correct, then it stands to reason that other anatomical and biomechanical variables within the feeding and locomotor systems should reflect these diverging functions. To test this hypothesis, we compared muscle moment arm lengths, mechanical advantages, and force vector orientations of two jaw elevator muscles (m. temporalis and m. superficial masseter), an elbow flexor (m. brachialis) and extensor (m. triceps‐ lateral head), and a knee flexor (m. biceps femoris‐short head) and extensor (m. vastus lateralis) across 18 species of primates. Our results show that muscles of the feeding system are more orthogonally oriented relative to the resistance arm (mandible) and operate at relatively large moment arms and mechanical advantages. Moreover, these variables show relatively little change across the range of jaw excursion. In contrast, the representative muscles of the locomotor system have much smaller mechanical advantages and, depending on joint position, smaller muscle moment arm lengths and almost parallel orientations relative to the resistance arm. These patterns are consistent regardless of phylogeny, body mass, locomotor mode, and feeding specialization. We argue that these findings reflect fundamental functional dichotomies between tetrapod locomotor and feeding systems. By organizing muscles in a manner such that moment arms and mechanical advantage are relatively small, the locomotor system can produce broad joint excursions and high angular velocities with only small muscular contraction. As such, the anatomical organization of muscles within the limbs allows striding animals to move relatively rapidly and with minimal energetic expenditure. In contrast, the anatomical configuration of muscles in the feeding system, at least m. superficial masseter and m. temporalis, favors their force‐producing capacity at the expense of excursion and velocity.
Caring as an Organizing Principle: Reflections on Ethnography of and as Care
Authors: Ortiz Casillas Samantha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay is a personal reflection – what Van Maanen (2011) calls a ‘confessional tale’ – about my first experience as an ethnographer. It is a reflection on the four months I spent researching a group of young activists who organized for a political campaign in Mexico City. In particular, it describes how—while observing their everyday lives and work—I came to develop strong feelings of care (affection and concern) for their well‐being and success. I reflect on how these feelings structured my engagement with the work and my role as researcher and the practices of care that I developed for others and myself in order to cope. Departing from the notion that feelings are a natural and important part of doing fieldwork, I ask how we, as situated actors, deal with feelings of affection and concern. How do we cope with the physical and emotional demands of caring while doing our job? And what kinds of roles and strategies should we develop to protect others, ourselves and our research?
Cross‐cultural consumer acceptability of cooked aromatic (cv. Heukhyangchal) and non‐aromatic (cv. Sinnongheukchal) black rice with different milling degrees
Authors: Choi Sehun , Kim Inhwan , Seo Han‐Seok , Lee Jihyun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to compare acceptances between consumers in the United States (n = 101) and Korea (n = 105) with respect to black rice samples varying in (a) cultivar, aromatic (cv. Heukhayngchal) versus non‐aromatic (cv. Sinnongheukchal), and (b) degree of milling (milled vs. un‐milled). Consumer acceptances of cooked black‐rice samples were also compared with those of cooked white (i.e., non‐colored) rice (cv. Dongjinchal). U.S. consumers were found to like cooked white rice more than black rice. Interestingly, U.S. consumers liked cooked milled black‐rice samples, regardless of their cultivars, while Korean consumers liked cooked un‐milled non‐aromatic black rice and cooked milled white rice. Penalty analysis and standard stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that textural and flavor attributes influenced the overall liking of cooked black‐rice samples, although their impacts were different between the two cultural backgrounds. In conclusion, this study shows that consumer acceptance of cooked black‐rice samples differs as a function of cultivar, milling degree, and consumer's cultural background.Practical applicationsBlack rice is becoming more popular around the world because of its unique flavor and high nutrient content. This study provides better understanding about the impact of cultivar, milling degree, and consumer's cultural background on acceptability of cooked black rice for Korean and U.S. markets.
Revisiting the coupling of fatty acid to phospholipid synthesis in bacteria with FapR regulation
Authors: Machinandiarena Federico , Nakamatsu Leandro , Schujman Gustavo E. , de Mendoza Diego , Albanesi Daniela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA key aspect in membrane biogenesis is the coordination of fatty acid to phospholipid synthesis rates. In most bacteria, PlsX is the first enzyme of the phosphatidic acid synthesis pathway, the common precursor of all phospholipids. Previously, we proposed that PlsX is a key regulatory point that synchronizes the fatty acid synthase II with phospholipid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. However, understanding the basis of such coordination mechanism remained a challenge in Gram‐positive bacteria. Here, we show that the inhibition of fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis caused by PlsX depletion leads to the accumulation of long‐chain acyl‐ACPs, the end products of the fatty acid synthase II. Hydrolysis of the acyl‐ACP pool by heterologous expression of a cytosolic thioesterase relieves the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, indicating that acyl‐ACPs are feedback inhibitors of this metabolic route. Unexpectedly, inactivation of PlsX triggers a large increase of malonyl‐CoA leading to induction of the fap regulon. This finding discards the hypothesis, proposed for B. subtilis and extended to other Gram‐positive bacteria, that acyl‐ACPs are feedback inhibitors of the acetyl‐CoA carboxylase. Finally, we propose that the continuous production of malonyl‐CoA during phospholipid synthesis inhibition provides an additional mechanism for fine‐tuning the coupling between phospholipid and fatty acid production in bacteria with FapR regulation.
Screening soybean cyst nematode effectors for their ability to suppress plant immunity
Authors: Pogorelko Gennady , Wang Jianying , Juvale Parijat S. , Mitchum Melissa G. , Baum Thomas J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is one of the most destructive pathogens of soybeans. SCN is an obligate and sedentary parasite that transforms host plant root cells into an elaborate permanent feeding site, a syncytium. Formation and maintenance of a viable syncytium is an absolute requirement for nematode growth and reproduction. In turn, sensing pathogen attack, plants activate defence responses and may trigger programmed cell death at the sites of infection. For successful parasitism, H. glycines must suppress these host defence responses to establish and maintain viable syncytia. Similar to other pathogens, H. glycines engages in these molecular interactions with its host via effector proteins. The goal of this study was to conduct a comprehensive screen to identify H. glycines effectors that interfere with plant immune responses. We used Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected by Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas fluorescens strains. Using these pathosystems, we screened 51 H. glycines effectors to identify candidates that could inhibit effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) and/or pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity (PTI). We identified three effectors as ETI suppressors and seven effectors as PTI suppressors. We also assessed expression modulation of plant immune marker genes as a function of these suppressors.