bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in disease phenotype is marked in equine trypanosomiasis
Authors: Raftery Alexandra G. , Jallow Saloum , Coultous Robert M. , Rodgers Jean , Sutton David G. M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Equine trypanosomiasis is a severe and prevalent disease that has the greatest impact globally upon working equids due to its distribution across lower income countries. Morbidity and mortality rates are high; disease management strategies in endemic regions are ineffective and cost prohibitive. Individual variation in disease phenotype in other species suggests host factors could reveal novel treatment and control targets but has not been investigated in equids.

Methods
A prospective clinical evaluation of equines presenting for a free veterinary examination was performed in hyperendemic villages in The Gambia. Age, body condition score and body weight were estimated by validated methods, and haematocrit and total protein concentration measured. Animals fulfilling 2 out of 5 clinical inclusion criteria (anaemia, poor body condition, pyrexia, history of abortion, oedema) for a diagnosis of trypanosomiasis received trypanocidal treatment with follow-up at 1 and 2 weeks. Blood samples underwent PCR analysis with specific Trypanosoma spp. primers and results were compared to the subject’s clinical and clinicopathological features. A mixed effects generalised linear model was generated to evaluate the association of infection status with degree of pyrexia and anaemia.

Results
Morbidity was high within examined (n = 641) and selected (n = 247) study populations. PCR status was not associated with a defined disease phenotype; there was intra- and inter-species variability. Donkeys were more frequently Trypanosoma spp.-positive (P < 0.001) and febrile (P < 0.001) than horses, but infected horses were more anaemic (P < 0.001), and in poorer body condition (P < 0.001) than donkeys. Sex was correlated to disease phenotype: males were more anaemic (P = 0.03) and febrile (P < 0.001). Haemoparasite co-infections were more common than a single infection.

Conclusions
There was evidence of diversity in trypanosomiasis clinical signs plus variable disease phenotypes within equid subpopulations that warrant further investigation. The complex co-infection profile of field cases requires greater consideration to optimise disease management.
Two infant cases of intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage due to a duplication cyst: a case report
Authors: Fukazawa Hiroaki , Kajihara Keisuke , Kuroda Yasuhiro , Fujieda Yuki , Uemura Kotaro , Takeuchi Yuki , Samejima Yoshitomo , Kawahara Insu , Morita Keiichi , Iwade Tamaki , Maeda Kosaku 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage without trauma is extremely rare. We report two infant cases of intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage due to intestinal duplication.

Case presentation
In case 1, a 2-month-old girl experienced sudden intraperitoneal hemorrhage from the middle colic artery with no apparent trauma. Hemostasis was achieved with suturing of the hemorrhage point, but the cause of hemorrhage was still unknown. Computed tomography after the first operation revealed a duodenal duplication cyst and a pseudopancreatic cyst. Percutaneous drainage of the pseudopancreatic cyst was performed, and the contents had high pancreatic amylase. As the size of the duodenal duplication cyst also decreased with this drainage, we suspected that the duodenal duplication cyst was connected to the pseudopancreatic cyst and the arterial hemorrhage. We hypothesized that the pancreatic juice inside the duplication cyst leaked into the intraperitoneal cavity and caused rupture of the arterial wall. Therefore, marsupialization of the duodenal duplication was performed to evacuate the pancreatic juice contained in the cyst toward the native duodenum. The postoperative course was uneventful.
In case 2, a 6-month-old boy experienced sudden intraperitoneal hemorrhage without trauma. The hemorrhage site was identified as the ileocecal artery, and hemostasis was achieved with sutures. Tissue near the hemorrhage point was biopsied, because the cause of arterial wall rupture was still unknown. The biopsied tissue was found to be intestinal mucosa. The patient had recurrent abdominal pain after the first operation, and computed tomography showed a duplication cyst located near the hemorrhage point. Therefore, we resected the intestinal duplication. Pathology results showed that the intestinal duplication contained intestinal mucosa, ectopic gastric mucosa, and pancreatic tissue. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion
Intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage without trauma is an extremely rare condition, and identifying its cause is difficult. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage due to intestinal duplication. In cases of unexplained intraperitoneal arterial hemorrhage in infants, intestinal duplication near the hemorrhage point should be suspected.
Concurrent high-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise modulates systemic release of alarmins (HMGB1, S100A8/A9, HSP70) and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy young men: a pilot study
Authors: Goh Jorming , Hofmann Peter , Aw Ning Hong , Tan Poh Ling , Tschakert Gerhard , Mueller Alexander , Wong Siew Cheng , Tan Frankie , Gan Linda Seo Hwee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Intense exercise is a systemic stressor associated with the release of “danger” molecules – alarmins, by damaged or dying cells into systemic circulation to evoke a sterile inflammatory response. Compared with research in clinical diseases, physiological responses of alarmins to exercise and training are not well studied. Short-term responses to exercise and training using a panel of alarmins – HMGB1, S100A8/A9, HSP70 and sRAGE may reveal unique aspects of stress responses to strenuous exercise, with important ramifications when prescribing exercise to generally healthy adults.

Methods
A 3-week, high-intensity training program was performed by healthy young men (N = 7). Concurrent aerobic and resistance exercises were performed on 3 consecutive days each week. Blood and saliva were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and 30 min (30 min) after exercise each week, and 24 h after the final exercise session in week 3 (24 h).

Results
Plasma HMGB1, S100A8/A9 and HSP70 increased from Pre to Post (P < 0.05), although at different timepoints during the study, and displayed different kinetics from IL-10, IL-8 and IFN-γ, suggesting unique mechanisms involved in modulating their release and clearance. CD14+CD16− monocytes increased from Pre to Post across 3 weeks; CD14+CD16+ monocytes increased from Pre to Post in week 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). ΔHMGB1 and ΔHSP70 correlated positively with ΔMCP-1 during 3 weeks of training. As well, ΔHMGB1 correlated positively with CD14+CD16− monocytes, suggesting higher alarmin release after strenuous exercise may involve increase in circulating monocytes.

Conclusions
Perturbations in systemic alarmins are novel biological signatures for assessing the inflammatory milieu of healthy adults during high-intensity exercise.
US-guided Microwave Ablation of Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Longer-Term Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Yue Wen-Wen , Qi Lu , Wang Dan-Dan , Yu Shou-Jun , Wang Xi-Ju , Xu Hui-Xiong , Wang Shu-Rong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has become a main cause of the extremely high incidence of thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the longer-term effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for treatment of low-risk PTMC with a large population.

Methods
This prospective study was approved by ethics committee of our institution. MWA was performed under US-guidance for 119 unifocal PTMC patients without clinically cervical or distant metastasis. The target ablation zone exceeded the tumor edge judged by contrast-enhanced US to avoid marginal residue and recurrence. US and thyroid function evaluation were followed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. Any adverse event associated with MWA was evaluated.

Results
The follow-up duration after MWA was 37.2 ± 20.9 months (range 12-101 months). Tumor volume decreased significantly from 1.87 ± 1.03 mL immediately after MWA to 0.01 ± 0.04 mL at the final evaluation (P &lt; 0.001), with a mean volume reduction ratio of 99.4 ± 2.2% and 107 cases (93.9%) got complete remission. A patient was detected with cervical lymph node metastasis at 26-month follow-up and underwent 1 additional MWA treatment successfully. No distant metastasis was observed. All the acquired histological pathology results confirmed the absence of residual or recurrent tumor cells after MWA. No delayed complications associated with MWA were encountered for all patients.

Conclusions
Percutaneous MWA is technically feasible for complete PTMC destruction and showed well longer-term effectiveness; thus, it seems to be an effective nonsurgical therapy to complement the current recommendation for selected low-risk PTMC patients.
A Clinic-based Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Prediabetes in High-risk Children and Adolescents
Authors: Lawson Chelsea , Ahmed S Naseeruddin , Brady Cassandra , Shoemaker Ashley H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth is increasing in prevalence. Diabetes screening is recommended for at-risk youth but best-practice strategies for management of pediatric prediabetes are unknown. This study leverages a pediatric prediabetes clinic to assess identification of high-risk patients, the rate of clinic follow-up and progression to T2D in youth over time.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of children referred to a single center for evaluation of prediabetes over a 3-year period. Measurements included hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) and oral glucose tolerance testing. Patients were classified as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2D based on 2019 American Diabetes Association criteria. Patients classified as IGT/T2D were prescribed metformin.

Results
Of the 254 patients included; 25.6% had IGT and 6.7% had T2D. The IGT/T2D groups were older and more obese than the NGT group. There was a moderate correlation between HbA1C and fasting glucose (r = 0.59, P &lt; 0.001); HbA1C and 2-hour glucose (r = 0.63, P &lt; 0.001). Over the 3-year study, 52 of 82 patients with IGT/T2D (63%) returned for follow-up. Four patients regained NGT; 3 of those had isolated impaired fasting glucose (100 to 102 mg/dL). Three patients (4.6%) progressed from IGT to T2D over an average of 13 ± 6.2 months. In those patients, body mass index had increased 1.7 ± 2.3 kg/m2 from baseline.

Conclusions
A pediatric prediabetes clinic may allow for identification of high-risk youth but lost to follow-up rates are high. Continued weight gain is a risk factor for progression to T2D and effective weight management programs are needed.
The effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on working memory in the elderly with normal cognitive impairments
Authors: Firouzkouhi Moghadam Mahboubeh , KamaliArdekani Mona , Shamsi Alireza 
Published: March 2020

Aim of the studyReduced cognitive function is one of the problems caused by aging, which leads to reduced performance of the elderly. This is a study to evaluate the effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on working memory in the elderly with normal cognitive impairments.Subject or material and methodsIn this clinical trial, 45 elderlies participating in a self-care educational course in Zahedan, Iran, in 2016, were assigned into three groups of F3, F4, and sham stimulation. From all the participants, 2-back, forward and backward digit span, and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests were taken.ResultsThe three groups showed no significant difference in the mean score of 2-back test at different time points.The three groups showed no significant difference in mean score of backward digit span test at different time points. The mean score of backward digit span test was significantly higher in the F3 group after the intervention.DiscussionDiscussion: The results of this study indicate that the score changes in the 2-back and the forward digit span tests were significant only in the F3 group. Also, the F4 group showed a significant difference at all the time points after the intervention, compared to before the intervention, but this change was less than that in the F3 group.ConclusionsThis study shows that tDCS can improve working memory performance via F3method. The tDCS can cause working memory improvement and naming facilitation by stimulation.
The prediction of the student’s tendencyto computer games based on the brain- behavioral functions, cognitive flexibility and sensation seeking
Authors: Sadri Damirchi Esmaeil , pireinaladin saeed , Akbari Taghi , Dargahi Shahriyar 
Published: March 2020

Aim of the studyResearch about the student's Tendency to Computer Games has increased over the last decade, but little investigation has examined the relationship between Tendency to Computer Games, Brain-Behavioral Functions, Cognitive Flexibility, and Sensation Seeking. The present study was designed to predict the student's Tendency to Computer Games based on the Brain-Behavioral Functions, Cognitive Flexibility and Sensation Seeking.Subject or material and methodsThrough Cluster sampling, 200 subjects were chosen for this Descriptive and correlational study. Brain-Behavioral Functions questionnaires, Cognitive Flexibility, Sensation Seeking and Tendency to Computer Games were applied to collect data. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze data.ResultsThe findings revealed that there are significant associations between Brain-Behavioral Functions, Cognitive Flexibility, and Sensation Seeking variables on the Tendency to Computer Games. Meanwhile, Brain-Behavioral Functions, Cognitive Flexibility and Sensation Seeking predicted Tendency to Computer Games.DiscussionThe results emphasized the effect of Brain-Behavioral Functions, Cognitive Flexibility, and Sensation Seeking on the Tendency to Computer Games.ConclusionsThe findings of this research can be applied for planning activities such as increasing students’ awareness of the consequences and influences causing the inclination to computer games and their appropriate application.
Potrebe svojcev pacientov po nezgodni poškodbi glave
Authors: Potočnik Klavdija , Ravnik Janez , Lorber Mateja 
Published: March 2020

Uvod: Ugotavljanje potreb svojcev je pristop skrbi, usmerjene k družini, s končnim ciljem aktivne vloge pacientov in svojcev pri doseganju ravni zdravja. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti potrebe svojcev pacientov, ki so bili hospitalizirani zaradi nezgodne poškodbe glave.Metode: Uporabljena je bila kvalitativna metodologija raziskovanja. Za pridobitev podatkov je bil uporabljen delno strukturiran intervju s svojci hospitaliziranih pacientov v začetku zdravljenja ter pred odpustom iz bolnišnice. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih deset svojcev pacientov, ki so utrpeli nezgodno poškodbo glave. Podatki so bili analizirani s pomočjo vsebinske analize.Rezultati: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da imajo svojci pacientov z nezgodno poškodbo glave različne potrebe, ki se v času hospitalizacije spreminjajo. Kot glavni so izpostavili potrebo po informacijah in potrebo po podpori. Obe sta prisotni v obdobju celotne hospitalizacije, kljub temu pa pride do manjših sprememb v dejavnikih, ki ju opredeljujejo. Na začetku hospitalizacije je prisotna še potreba po soočenju, ki se izraža skozi različne faze, kot so šok, zanikanje, pogajanje, jeza, žalost in strah. Ob zaključku hospitalizacije pa se izrazita še potreba po (ne)gotovosti in potreba po napredku.Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovljene so bile najpomembnejše potrebe svojcev pacientov po nezgodni poškodbi glave. Glede na ugotovitve bi bilo za optimalno zadovoljevanje potreb treba opolnomočiti zdravstveno osebje predvsem na področju zgodnje prepoznave potreb, komunikacije in sprejemanja svojca kot enakovrednega partnerja pri zagotavljanju kakovostne zdravstvene nege.
Izkušnje partnerjev s prisotnostjo pri porodu
Authors: Bezeljak Anita , Mivšek Ana Polona , Petročnik Petra 
Published: March 2020

Uvod: Očetje se pogosto vključujejo v porodni proces v vlogi spremljevalcev svojih partnerk ob porodu. Veliko očetov si želi biti prisotnih pri porodu svojega otroka, vendar si pogosto ne predstavljajo svoje vloge v porodni sobi. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati izkušnje partnerjev s prisotnostjo pri porodu.Metode: Raziskava temelji na kvalitativni metodologiji. Vzorec zajema pet očetov, starih med 25 in 35 let, ki so imeli za seboj vsaj dve porodni izkušnji. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo delno strukturiranih intervjujev in analizirani s pomočjo metode analize vsebine.Rezultati: Za očete je bila prisotnost pri rojstvu njihovega otroka ena izmed najlepših izkušenj v njihovem življenju. Kljub temu da so jo opredelili kot stresno, je bila hkrati zanje pozitivna in polna intenzivnih občutij. Občutili so vznemirjenje, pričakovanje, strah, zaskrbljenost, srečo, veselje, olajšanje ter ponos. Nekateri očetje so bili s strani babice in ostalega zdravstvenega osebja v porodno dogajanje vključeni bolj aktivno, drugi manj.Diskusija in zaključek: Očetje si želijo biti s strani babice in ostalega zdravstvenega osebja obravnavani spoštljivo in kot enakovreden del para, ki se mu rojeva otrok. Priložnosti nadaljnjega raziskovanja se kažejo v proučevanju povezave med prisotnostjo pri porodu ter družinsko in partnersko dinamiko, pa tudi v izkušnjah babic s prisotnostjo očetov v porodnih sobah.
Znanje, odnos in dojemanje dela s starejšimi osebami pri zaposlenih v zdravstveni negi in oskrbi v domovih za starejše
Authors: Skela-Savič Brigita , Hvalič Touzery Simona 
Published: March 2020

Uvod: Ustrezen odnos, splošna in strokovna znanja ter razumevanje vloge strokovnjakov, ki delajo s starejšimi osebami, lahko pripomorejo k odpravljanju stereotipov in prispevajo h kakovostni obravnavi starejših oseb. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti odnos do dela s starejšimi osebami, znanje o njem in njegovo dojemanje ter povezanost naštetega z izobraževanji zaposlenih v domovih za starejše.Metoda: Izvedena je bila kvantitativna eksplorativna raziskava na populaciji izvajalcev zdravstvene nege in oskrbe (n = 266) v 13 domovih za starejše v Sloveniji. Podatki so bili zajeti z že razvitimi merskimi instrumenti (FAQ-R, POWP, ASD, ADKS). Raziskava je bila izvedena v obdobju med junijem in avgustom 2017. Podatki so bili obdelani z opisno in bivariantno statistiko.Rezultati: Test FAQ-R je pokazal 65,2 % uspešnost anketirancev, ki se je povečala z večanjem stopnje izobrazbe (p < 0,001). Pri 7,8 % anketirancev je bil ugotovljen negativni odnos do starejših oseb. Na ADKS-testu je bilo zbranih 64,9 % možnih točk (s = 14,86); dosežek se razlikuje glede na stopnjo izobrazbe (p < 0,001) in starost anketirancev (p = 0,022).Diskusija in zaključek: Splošno znanje o starejših osebah in staranju je pomanjkljivo; stopnja znanja o Alzheimerjevi bolezni je zadovoljiva, a se niža z nižanjem izobrazbe. Raziskava opozori na pomen številnih medsektorskih ukrepov, ki so odziv na potrebe dolgožive družbe. Področje je odprto za nadaljnje raziskovanje in razvoj novih instrumentov, ki bodo omogočili vzročno raziskovanje.
A New Measurement Method of the Erodibility of Soil
Authors: Yu Shu , Chen Zuyu , Chen Shujing , Ma Liqiu , Li Xiangnan , Sha Peijun , Wang Lin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To quantitatively measure the erodibility of soil, including the incipient shear stress and the scouring rate, a new measurement method was proposed. The measurement system contains a cylindrical erosion test apparatus (CETA) and a calculation method of shearing stress. The CETA was developed to measure the relation between the scouring rate and the water velocity, which was mainly composed of a power system, a scouring system, a water circulation system, and a data acquisition system. Using the proposed shearing stress calculation method, the shearing stress by water flow was clarified. On the basis of the proposed new measurement method, single-size soil samples from the Tangjiashan and Yigong landslide dams were collected for measurement of the critical shear stress. The test results demonstrated that the grain size of the cohesionless soil was approximately linear with the critical shearing stress. Furthermore, the erodibility of two samples, the loess from Loess Plateau and coarse grain from Yigong landslide dam, was tested. During the experiment, the loess sample showed a low critical shear stress, τc, of 0.7 N/m2 that was accompanied a dramatic change of erosion process from particle by particle to block by block. By comparison, the critical shear stress τc for the cohesionless soil sample was 3.5 kN/m2, which is consistent the results of measurement of critical shear stress and the measured erosion rate at a constant shear stress and is faster than the loess sample in general. The present test results agreed well with previous experimental results, which further proves the feasibility of the new measurement method and provides a basis for the dam breach analysis due to overtopping.
Permeability Characteristics of Poorly Graded Sand Conditioned with Foam in Different Conditioning States
Authors: Wang Shuying , Hu Qinxin , Wang Haibo , Thewes Markus , Ge Louis , Yang Junsheng , Liu Pengfei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Investigating the permeability characteristics of sand-foam mixtures in different conditioning states is important not only in earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunneling and standstill but also for posttunneling soil handling. Slump and permeability tests were carried out on poorly graded sand that was conditioned with different foam injection ratios (FIRs) and water contents. According to the slump values and the apparent states of the conditioned sand in the slump tests, the sand conditioning was classified into five cases: insufficient, suitable without any water or foam bleeding, suitable but with water bleeding, excessive with likely foam bleeding, and excessive with water bleeding. With suitable conditioning, the permeability in the conditioned sand generally exhibited three consecutive stages during the tests: the stable stage, fast growth stage and slow growth stage. An increasing FIR and water content enhanced the antipermeability effect (the ability of preventing water from flowing in porous medium), but a considerable increase in water content (≥10 %) weakened the antipermeability effect. Finally, a simplified model was proposed to explain the rheology. The foam significantly reduced the total energy required for the sand particles to flow. In addition, the permeability characteristics of the conditioned sand found in the tests were explained. The low initial permeability coefficient and its duration depended on the ability of the water to penetrate the plugging structures formed by the foam.