bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Оцінка ефективності спинномозкової анестезії при операціях на нижніх кінцівках хворих працездатного віку
Authors: Korobko E.Yu. , Geogiyants M.A. , Kryvobok V.I. 
Published: February 2020

Актуальність. Останнім часом питанням періопераційного знеболювання при травмах нижніх кінцівок приділяється багато уваги. Остаточно не встановлено найбільш ефективного та безпечного методу анестезії при цих операціях. Більшість науковців та практикуючих лікарів вважає, що провідникові та нейроаксіальні методи анестезії найбільш відповідають цим вимогам, однак для остаточного рішення цього питання потребуються додаткові дослідження. Мета: дослідити клінічну ефективність методик спинномозкової анестезії та при її поєднанні із седацією при оперативних втручаннях на нижніх кінцівках у травматології за даними показників адекватності анестезії, інтенсивності болю та вивчення тривожності пацієнтів. Матеріали та методи. У дослідження були включені 35 хворих віком від 18 до 59 років, яким проводились операції металоостеосинтезу на нижніх кінцівках. Хворі були розподілені на групи: І (n = 17) — хворі, які прооперовані в умовах спинномозкової анестезії, ІІ — пацієнти (n = 18), які прооперовані в умовах спинномозкової анестезії з подальшою седацією 1% пропофолом. Хворі обох груп не відрізнялися за віком та антропометричними даними. Інтенсивність болю оцінювали за візуально-аналоговою шкалою (ВАШ) до та на 1-шу добу після операції, рівень особистісної та ситуативної тривожності за Спілбергером — Ханіним визначали також на цих етапах. Критерій Спірмена використовувався для виявлення взаємозв’язків між ВАШ та тривожністю. Результати. Установлено, що при поєднанні спинномозкової анестезії з внутрішньовенною седацією пропофолом у хворих зменшується інтенсивність больового синдрому після операції. У пацієнтів обох груп до операції був виявлений кореляційний зв’язок між показником ВАШ та ситуаційною тривожністю (r = 0,50; p < 0,05). У пацієнтів з ізольованою спинномозковою анестезією був виявлений взаємозв’язок між ВАШ після операції та ситуативною тривожністю до операції, що становив r = 0,51; p < 0,05; кореляційний зв’язок між ВАШ після операції та ситуативною тривожністю після операції — r = 0,53; p < 0,05. У хворих при проведенні спинномозкової анестезії з додатковою седацією кореляції між ВАШ після операції та особистісною і ситуативною тривожністю не виявлено. Висновки. Виконане дослідження дало можливість рекомендувати спинномозкову анестезію в поєднанні з внутрішньовенною седацією як метод вибору при травмах нижніх кінцівок, особливо в пацієнтів із підвищеною тривожністю.
Lactation Duration and Long-term Risk for Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ley Sylvia H. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Li Mengying , Bao Wei , Hinkle Stefanie N. , Wander Pandora L. , Rich-Edwards Janet , Olsen Sjurdur , Vaag Allan , Damm Peter , Grunnet Louise G. , Mills James L. , Hu Frank B. , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVE
We examined the association of lactation duration with incident type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We monitored 4,372 women with a history of GDM participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II for incident type 2 diabetes over 25 years up to 2017. Lactation history was obtained through follow-up questionnaires to calculate lactation duration. Follow-up blood samples were collected from a subset of these women at median age of 58 years through the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study.

RESULTS
We documented 873 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during 87,411 person-years of follow-up. Longer duration of lactation was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes for both total lactation (hazard ratio 1.05 [95% CI 0.83–1.34] for up to 6 months, 0.91 [0.72–1.16] for 6–12 months, 0.85 [0.67–1.06] for 12–24 months, and 0.73 [0.57–0.93] for &gt;24 months, compared with 0 months; P-trend = 0.003) and exclusive breastfeeding (P-trend = 0.002) after adjustment for age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, parity, age at first birth, smoking, diet quality, physical activity, and prepregnancy BMI. Longer duration of lactation was also associated with lower HbA1c, fasting plasma insulin, and C-peptide concentrations among women without type 2 diabetes at follow-up (all adjusted P-trend ≤0.04).

CONCLUSIONS
Longer duration of lactation is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and a favorable glucose metabolic biomarker profile among women with a history of GDM. The underlying mechanisms and impact on diabetes complications, morbidity, and mortality remain to be determined.
Faktor Identitas Masyarakat Ukraina dalam Penentangan Orientasi Kebijakan Luar Negeri pada Era Viktor Yanukovych
Authors: Putri Dwi Aulia 
Published: February 2020

Artikel ini menganalisis alasan orang-orang Ukraina cenderung mendukung negaranya untuk berintegrasi dengan Barat, terutama Uni Eropa dibandingkan dengan Rusia. Artikel ini menggunakan konsep konstruktivisme dari Ted Hopf yang terdiri dari dua komponen tentang pembentukan identitas yaitu identitas dapat dibentuk selama proses interaksi antara negara dan identitas juga dapat dibentuk di komunitas domestik itu sendiri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksplanatori dan menggunakan data sekunder. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa identitas yang terbentuk dalam masyarakat domestik Ukraina cenderung melihat nilai-nilai barat seperti perlindungan hak asasi manusia, toleransi budaya lain dan kebebasan beragama, kebebasan individu dan demokrasi, serta kesejahteraan masyarakat sebagai referensi positif sehingga mereka ingin mengadopsi nilai-nilai tersebut dan menjadi bagian dari masyarakat Barat. Selain itu, interaksi positif yang terjadi antara Ukraina dan Barat, khususnya Uni Eropa, yang dibuktikan dengan dukungan Eropa untuk status Ukraina sebagai negara merdeka memberikan pandangan positif mengenai negara-negara Barat bagi masyarakat Ukraina. Sebaliknya, interaksi permusuhan antara Ukraina dan Rusia yang cenderung bersifat intervensi menciptakan pandangan negatif tentang Rusia di sebagian besar masyarakat Ukraina.
Social measures, financial support to maintain, increase population in some European countries
Authors: Zsido Kinga Emese 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The evolution of the number of the population in many countries, even at European level, gives signs of concern, of which we should be aware: the significant decrease of the population, the negative changes in its structure can have negative and drastic economic and social effects if the governments do not intervene reasonable time. The implementation of measures must be well thought out, with the possibility of financial support and maintained for a long time, so that the expected effects appear. In Europe, some governments (especially in Eastern Europe) have already assumed this responsibility, implemented a series of measures to keep the youth in the country, to increase the number of children, with the purpose of increasing the population and balancing its structure. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the measures implemented by three European countries (Poland, Romania and Hungary) in order to increase the population in the following decades.
Phytosociological analysis of basophilic Scots pine forests in the Southeastern Alps
Authors: Rozman Andrej , Dakskobler Igor , Šilc Urban 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Based on hierarchical classification of more than 300 phytosociological relevés of basophilic black and (or) Scots pine communities in the Southern, Eastern and Southeastern Alps we described a new association Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Pinetum sylvestris, into which we classify stands that have until now been discussed in the framework of subassociations Fraxino orni-Pinetum nigrae pinetosum sylvestris, laricetosum deciduae and (partly) caricetosum humilis, and are floristically slightly similar also to certain forms of the association Erico-Pinetum sylvestris. The stands of the new association are for now classified into Natura 2000 habitat type Southeastern-European Pinus sylvestris forests (91R0), within it we propose a special habitat subtype Southeastern-Alpine Scots pine forests, and into a new forest site type Southeastern-Alpine Scots pine forest. At the contact of the Julian and Dinaric Alps we described a new subassociation Genisto januensis-Pinetum sylvestris campanuletosum cespitosae, which comprises also a Natura 2000 species Primula carniolica.
The Effects of Circuit Strength Training on the Development of Physical Fitness and Performance-Related Variables in Handball Players
Authors: Hermassi Souhail , Laudner Kevin , Schwesig René 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 12 weeks of circuit training on physical fitness in handball players. Subjects were randomly divided into a circuit strength training group (CT, n = 10) and a control group (CG, n = 9). Training sessions and matches were performed together, but during the 12-week intervention, the experimental group replaced part of the regular regimen with circuit strength training. Measures assessed in both groups before and after the intervention included: the agility T-half Test, the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, squat and counter-movement jumps, 15 m and 30 m sprints, and strength tests for the bench press, pull over, and the half squat. The upper limb bench press and pull-over tests along with the lower limb back half squat were performed using a 1-repetition maximum protocol. Based on the intraclass correlation coefficient and excluding the agility T-test (ICC = 0.72), we found excellent relative reliability for all variables (intraclass correlation coefficient range: 0.85-0.96, SEM range: 0.03-3.00). For absolute reliability or coefficients of variation, 71% (5/7) of the variables were excellent (CV < 5%). The circuit strength training group showed significant interaction effects and relevant effect sizes for the 12-week training period (8/9, 89%), and the mean effect size for the CT was markedly higher (d = 1.3, range: 0.41 - 2.76) than in the CG (d = - 1.0, range: -0.73 - 0.29). The largest improvements were in the Yo-Yo test (d = 2.76) and the squat jump (d = 2.05). These results show that a 12-week circuit strength training program is an effective method to increase handball-related performance characteristics.
The Basketball Pass: A Systematic Review
Authors: Maimón Arturo Quílez , Courel-Ibáñez Javier , Ruíz Francisco Javier Rojas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to review and organise current literature about the basketball pass and find the main factors that influence its learning skills and performance. Thirty-seven studies were included after the screening process. The documents were classified into main research topics. This review identified the following conclusions: (i) the assessment of passing performance should be made under uncertain and variable conditions to obtain information on players’ responses to competitive scenarios, (ii) it is advisable to incorporate new and random activities to facilitate the transference of learning to the competition, (iii) it is recommended to include overwhelming factors during the practice to minimise the effect of pressure and choking, (iv) optimal physical conditioning is essential to maintain passing performance during a basketball game, (v) small sided games and changing environments stand as the best training situations to improve passing skills. Furthermore, limited information is available about biomechanical aspects and physical conditioning training programs to improve passing skills in basketball. Likewise, there is sparse data on passing skills development in children.
India’s Rape Crisis: Redefining India’s Rape Laws Based on a Constructive and Comparative Analysis of the Rape Epidemic in India and the United States
Authors: Singh Ritika 
Published: February 2020

Summary
This Article addresses the rape epidemic in India and provides an analytical comparison to the rape laws in the United States. This Article provides an overview of the laws in both India and the United States and specifically discusses marital rape and the laws concerning it in both nations. This Article concludes with resolutions for the marital rape laws in India and the United States.
Law-Making Activity in the Case Law of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine
Authors: Trykhlib Kristina 
Published: February 2020

Summary
The aim of this paper is to reveal and examine law-making elements in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. It should be noted that the Constitutional Court has no direct powers to establish new legal norms under national legislation. However, in the process of constitutional interpretation, the case law of the Court demonstrates de facto the presence of law-making activity, that leads to the extension of its discretionary power on the formation of law. The paper will focus on the analysis of the practice of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine with regard to the ‘creative interpretation’ of law. A review of selected case law leads to a conclusion that the Constitutional Court often uses the dynamic interpretation of the Constitution. Moreover, the Court may change its own legal position in order to protect constitutional rights. Thus, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine has the right to ‘develop’ the law through evolutive interpretation of the Constitution. It can also be concluded that the Constitutional Court enjoys a wide ‘margin of appreciation’ in its interpreting of the Constitution.
Towards Pollution-Control in Cyberspace: Problem Structure and Institutional Design in International Cybersecurity
Authors: Kasper Agnes , Krasznay Csaba 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn their contest for domination in cyberspace states engage powers of technology, money, persuasion and norms. Clashes between two competing approaches resulted in the creation of two parallel working groups in the UN that address issues of international cybersecurity, including principles, norms and laws. Although there are very few treaties that deal expressly with cyber activities, normative aspirations and frequent use of imported rules and principles from other realms to cyberspace suggest the emergence of a new cyber normative regime – though, in the short term probably short of a global treaty. The substantive content of existing and potentially applicable norms to cyberspace has been examined to a great extent, but less scholarly attention has been paid to mechanisms that can produce cooperation and compliant behavior with international norms in cyberspace. This study draws inspiration from environmental agreements from procedural aspects and we identified two environmental regimes, which address problems sufficiently similar to the challenges of international cyber security and which have been the most successful in terms of cooperation. Selection of the Montreal Protocol and REDD+ mechanism was based on the following main factors: incentives in terms of game theory, capacities of actors, information and scientific uncertainty, the time of institution creation in normative lifecycle, number of actors, and asymmetry in power and positions taken among actors. Further analysis focuses on institutional design elements in the chosen cases, and examines if or under what conditions could these be used for international normative frameworks on cyberspace.
Cybersecurity in the Making – Policy and Law: a Case Study of Georgia
Authors: Napetvaridze Vladimeri , Chochia Archil 
Published: February 2020

Summary
The given article is an evaluation of the implementation and development of Georgia’s cybersecurity policy, and its influence on Georgia’s global cybersecurity index. The study covers the period from 2008 to 2018. In 2008 Georgia became one of the first victims of hybrid warfare. During the August 2008 Russo-Georgian war, Georgian government websites were attacked by hackers affiliated with Russia. In the given period, cybersecurity was not the priority direction for Georgia, therefore government portals were easy targets for cybercriminals and the government couldn’t prevent the cyberattacks. After 2008, the government decided to develop a state cybersecurity policy. In 2012 the country ratified the Council of Europe’s cybersecurity convention. At the same time, the “Law of Georgia on Information Security” which had become a basic document of the cybersecurity state policy implementation, had been adopted. The document was followed by a cybersecurity strategy. During the following years, based on cybersecurity strategy document, Georgia implemented 2 action plans and defined the relevant state agencies responsible for “cyber safety” of the country. As a result of the reforms, in 2017, according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Cybersecurity Global Index, Georgia has been ranked among the top ten countries. The given article is a chronological description of a Georgian cyberpolicy and cybercapabilities evolution. It includes cases of organized cybercrime carried out against the state and examples of the development of Georgian cybersecurity policy which was reflected on the global international cybersecurity index of the country.
European “Judicial Monologue” of the Czech Constitutional Court – a Critical Review of its approach to the Preliminary Ruling Procedure
Authors: Sehnálek David , Stehlík Václav 
Published: February 2020

Summary
The paper analyses the use of the preliminary ruling procedure by the Czech Constitutional Court and the attitude of this court towards the EU law. The approach of the Constitutional Court to the judicial dialog is also compared with some other European constitutional courts mainly with those who have a similar role in national judiciary or with those who were able to effectively take an advantage of the preliminary ruling procedure. The paper demonstrates that the Czech Constitutional Court took the position that seems to be unsustainable from a long time perspective as the reality of the current development favours the spirit of cooperation among European highest courts.
Preservation and Rendition of Computer Data in Slovak Criminal Procedure Code
Authors: Rabinská Ivana 
Published: February 2020

Summary
The goal of this article is to analyse the Slovak legislation of preservation and rendition of computer data in accordance with section 90 of the Criminal Procedure Code, which was implemented in the Slovak legal order under the Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23. 11. 2001. In particular, article 16 of the Convention on Cybercrime obliges the member states to adopt necessary legislative and other measures as may be necessary to enable its competent authorities to order or similarly obtain the expeditious preservation of specified computer data, including traffic data, that has been stored by means of a computer system, in particular where there are grounds to believe that the computer data is particularly vulnerable to loss or modify. In addition, the article examines the effects of the legislation adopted in practice, including the correlation problems that the legislator has not deal with and also brings up-to-date results of the fight against cybercrime.
RETRACTED: Mapping Indicators of Cultural Ecosystem Services: Review and Relevance to Urban Context
Authors: Abualhagag Asmaa , Valánszki István 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Over decades human well-being has recognized from ecosystems, not only through material goods but also through nonmaterial assets namely cultural ecosystem services (CES). Regardless of increasing Ecosystem Services (ES) research over the last decade, cultural services assessment still remains neglected and is mainly limited to marketable services such as recreation and ecotourism. Obvious challenges in standardizing definitions and measurement units have brought about numerous difficulties in accounting cultural services and specific related indicators in decision-making processes. In that regard, the current review intends to create a reference list of CES categories and related measurement units with commonly used indicators. To put it another way, we analysis 80 publications to identify the most common CES indicators using in mapping various categories of CES approaches. Results prove that there are various methods can be used in assessing CES categories, whereas we found 57 indicators can be used for that and most of these indicators can be utilized in urban planning context as spatial indicators. Moreover, it is obvious that almost the same indicators can be used in evaluating most CES categories. For instance, in case of recreation and tourism indicators almost 50 % of all collected indicators can be used for mapping it, on the contrary, in case of spiritual and religious values. In conclusion, while there are various mapping methods of CES and different indicators, most of CES categories have relatively ignored by the planner and decision-makers such as education and inspirational values. Therefore, we recommend the use of the collected indicators and relevant measurement units in assessing neglected values in future research.
Posteriori Optimization of Active Geodetic Monitoring Networks
Authors: Tretyak Kornyliy , Savchyn Igor 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents developed method of a posteriori optimization of measurement results of active geodesic monitoring networks with taking into account the parameters of accuracy and reliability. Filtering the measurement results of active geodetic monitoring networks is in out of order exclusion vectors with maximum corrections, which is determined from successive iterations of network adjustment. After each iteration it’s determined the mean square error of unit weight and the parameter of network reliability. Sifting vectors with maximal errors leads to accuracy improving and reliability deterioration of network. Using entropy approach is defined group of vectors in which the value of accuracy and reliability is optimal. Using the developed method performed a posteriori optimization of active precision geodesic monitoring network of the Dnieper, Dniester and Kanev HPP. The represented method can also be used for the optimization of any active geodesic monitoring networks with large quantity of redundant measurements