bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration and comparative advantages: new evidence on the EU-MENA region
Authors: Ferragina Anna Maria , Iandolo Stefano , Taymaz Erol 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThis study aims to consider how migrants may act as channel of diffusion of knowledge which contributes to the dynamics of trade and comparative advantages of EU and MENA countries for the period 1990–2015.Design/methodology/approachAdopting an IV approach and a gravity framework to instrument for migration, the authors document how variations in stocks of migrants coming from (in) countries that are already competitive exporters of a given product impact on the probability that the destination (home) country starts to export competitively new products or succeed in exporting more intensively.FindingsControlling for potential confounding factors which can be correlated to knowledge flows and productivity shifts, the authors find trade-promoting effects via migration flows (mostly immigration) between the two areas, testing our hypotheses by different technology classes of products and different specifications.Originality/valueThe contribution of this work to the literature is threefold. First, by providing evidence on international knowledge diffusion induced by migration flows between MENA and EU regions, like no other work before, the authors document the effects of migration on trade and comparative advantages. Second, unlike standard literature on migration-trade link, the authors focus more on long-term structural changes in comparative advantages than on trade volumes. Third, we exploit how the effect of migration on margins of trade varies according to different types of goods, classified by technological level.
An improved lean assessment based on employee perception
Authors: Huang Zhengyin , Harris Gregory , Loyd Nicholas 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe Toyota Production System has been studied for its business success for several decades. Many companies have tried to imitate but have not achieved Toyota-like results. Failure in the ability to replicate Toyota's supportive culture has been suggested as a cause for the lack of success. Studies on lean implementation have been conducted from external views focusing on visible indicators, but few seek the employee's perception of lean initiatives. The authors propose a Toyota Production System – Toyota Way (TPS-TW) model approach using employee perception and quantitative performance metrics.Design/methodology/approachThis research represents an improvement of a lean assessment instrument using quantifiable performance metrics for validation and testing it in the Chinese automotive industry. A survey was developed and executed in the Chinese automotive industry with participants involved with lean implementation. Experts helped examine the content validity, and reliability analysis was used to study the structure of the assessment instrument and evaluate internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling were used to test the construct validity. Finally, survey results and actual performance were analyzed.FindingsThe results of this research validated the TPS-TW model and assessment instrument in the Chinese automotive industry.Originality/valueThis research validates an employee perception survey that can be utilized by organizations to understand the state of their lean implementation. The research supports the use of employee perception to reflect the reality of a lean initiative and proves the TPS-TW model is an effective theoretical framework for assessment.
Cash flow uncertainty and IPO underpricing: evidence from income guarantee in Thai REITs
Authors: Saengchote Kanis , Charoenpanich Chittisa 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between cash flow uncertainty and the underpricing of real estate investment trust (REIT) initial public offerings (IPOs) using hand-collected data on income guarantee in Thailand from January 2005 to December 2019.Design/methodology/approachThis article uses linear regression to determine the relationship between underpricing (initial return) and proxy for cash flow uncertainty (income guarantee), controlling for other factors. Because issuers can use several actions to signal their quality under asymmetric information, the joint decisions are analyzed as simultaneous equations and estimated using three-stage least square (3SLS) to address potential endogeneity concern.FindingsThis article finds that underpricing, on average, is negatively related to income guarantee, which is a proxy for ex ante cash flow uncertainty. The relationship is economically and statistically significant and robust to simultaneous equations estimation. Further investigation shows that REITs with income guarantee tend to have lower systematic risk (measured by CAPM beta) and returns, making the nature of some REITs more debt-like than equity-like.Practical implicationsFor issuers, the result suggests that offering income guarantee (which is more costly for assets with lower quality) can be a useful signal of asset quality to investors and reduce IPO discount. For institutional and retail investors, the results are informative about the risk-return tradeoffs in REIT IPO investment opportunities. Income guarantees makes REIT exposure more fix income-like, so there is a need to consider the credibility of the guarantor as well.Originality/valueThis article is the first to use income guarantee as an ex ante measure of cash flow uncertainty and explicitly investigates its linkage to IPO underpricing. This aspect of uncertainty and IPO underpricing remains little-studied in the academic literature. It also contributes to the growing literature of REIT IPOs in Asia.
Development of a work–family conflict scale for spouses or partners of police officers
Authors: Amendola Karen L. , Valdovinos Olson Maria , Grieco Julie , Robbins Teresina G. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to initiate the development of a police-specific measure of work–family conflict (WFC) to assess spouse and/or partner perceptions of the impact of WFC on them, their family and/or their personal lives by tapping existing dimensions of WFC and proposing three dimensions that may be specific to the policing profession. This developmental and exploratory work will serve as the basis for sample data collection with spouses of police.Design/methodology/approachFor over five decades, researchers have examined the construct of WFC, a phenomenon that refers to the impact of work-related issues on the family of the worker. Despite the fact that policing is a high-stress profession, now under considerable scrutiny and increasing public pressure, much less is known about WFC in police families and the perceptions of spouses and/or partners of police officers regarding WFC. The methodology for developing this scale follows that recommended by psychometricians in the construction of reliable and valid scales for use in both descriptive and predictive research.FindingsThe data reported were generated from an initial content validity study relying on 14 subject matter experts with backgrounds in policing, police research and/or psychometrics and approximately 20 spouses/partners (significant others of police officers). The findings provide preliminary evidence for six potential dimensions of WFC totaling 34 items.Originality/valueWhile some researchers have assessed the extent to which certain work-related factors impact police officers' family members, none have tapped additional domain-specific items for police while also surveying spouses and/or partners of officers.
Doing good does you good? The financial impact of individual CSR dimensions: A Malaysian context
Authors: Tan Kim-Lim , Ho Jie Min , Pidani Rita , Goveravaram Archana Das 
Published: January 2021

PurposeAlthough corporate social responsibility–corporate financial performance (CSR-CFP) research topics have been widely investigated, previous research has yet to examine the relationship between the specific dimension of CSR and CFP among Malaysian public-listed companies. Through literature review, it has been found that the CSR-CFP studies conducted in Malaysia have omitted the role of workplace diversity dimension in contribution to CFP. Failure to consider this variable may risk misrepresenting the relationship between CSR and CFP, thereby preclude consensus on the direction of the relationship between the variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between individual CSR dimensions and CFP.Design Methodology ApproachBy using the CSR dimension disclosure-scoring method and cross-sectional data analysis, this research has conducted a content analysis on annual reports of the sample companies to evaluate the influence of CSR practices on companies’ profitability during 2015.FindingsThe results show that companies displaying CSR behavior are associated with higher CFP. That is to say, there is a positive relationship between CSR and CFP. However, the result has further revealed that the five CSR dimensions in isolation would differently associate with the two proxies of CFP.Originality ValueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Malaysia that considers workplace diversity issues as one of the dimensions of CSR. The findings will thus bring new insights into CSR application in Malaysia and its association with the CFP.
L'accès des jeunes au marché du travail au Togo et au bénin: Une évidence paramétrique et semi‐paramétrique
Authors: Midagbodji Koami M. , Egbendewe Aklesso Y. G. 
Published: January 2021

RésuméL'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les opportunités d'accès des jeunes au marché du travail au Togo et au Bénin. Pour ce faire, des modèles paramétriques (probit) et semi‐paramétriques (Klein & Spady a indice unique) ont été appliqués aux données d'Enquêtes de la Transition vers la Vie Active (ETVA) réalisées en 2012 sur les jeunes de 15 à 29 ans. Les résultats révèlent principalement que l'accès au marché du travail est difficile pour les jeunes éduqués. Cette difficulté est due à un chômage structurel qui s'établit pour ces jeunes. Aussi, le contexte professionnel des parents influence fortement les jeunes à se maintenir dans le même secteur d'activité que leurs parents.
Clinical profiles of placenta accreta spectrum: the PACCRETA population‐based study
Authors: Kayem G , Seco A , Beucher G , Dupont C , Branger B , Crenn Hebert C , Huissoud C , Fresson J , Winer N , Langer B , Rozenberg P , Morel O , Bonnet MP , Perrotin F , Azria E , Carbillon L , Chiesa C , Raynal P , Rudigoz RC , Dreyfus M , Vendittelli F , Patrier S , Deneux‐Tharaux C , Sentilhes L 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo describe and compare the characteristics of women with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and their pregnancy outcomes according to the presence of placenta praevia and a prior caesarean section.DesignProspective population‐based study.SettingAll 176 maternity hospitals of eight French regions.PopulationTwo hundred and forty‐nine women with PAS, from a source population of 520 114 deliveries.MethodsWomen with PAS were classified into two risk‐profile groups, with or without the high‐risk combination of placenta praevia (or an anterior low‐lying placenta) and at least one prior caesarean. These two groups were described and compared.Main outcome measuresPopulation‐based incidence of PAS, characteristics of women, pregnancies, deliveries and pregnancy outcomes.ResultsThe PAS population‐based incidence was 4.8/10 000 (95% CI 4.2–5.4/10 000). After exclusion of women lost to follow up from the analysis, the group with placenta praevia and a prior caesarean included 115 (48%) women and the group without this combination included 127 (52%). In the group with both factors, PAS was more often suspected antenatally (77% versus 17%; P < 0.001) and more often percreta (38% versus 5%; P < 0.001). This group also had more hysterectomies (53% versus 21%, P < 0.001) and higher rates of blood product transfusions, maternal complications, preterm births and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Sensitivity analysis showed similar results after exclusion of women who delivered vaginally.ConclusionMore than half the cases of PAS occurred in women without the combination of placenta praevia and a prior caesarean delivery, and these women had better maternal and neonatal outcomes. We cannot completely rule out that some of the women who delivered vaginally had placental retention rather than PAS; however, we found similar results among women who delivered by caesarean.Tweetable abstractHalf the women with PAS do not have both placenta praevia and a prior caesarean delivery, and they have better maternal outcomes.
The fentanyl phase of the opioid epidemic in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States
Authors: Deo Vaishali S. , Gilson Thomas P. , Kaspar Claire , Singer Mendel E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince late 2014, fentanyl has become the major driver of opioid mortality in the United States. However, a descriptive analysis of fentanyl victims is limited. We studied the 2016 fentanyl and heroin overdose deaths and compared them to previously studied heroin‐associated fatalities from 2012 over a wide range of demographic and investigative variables, including overdose scene findings, toxicology results, and prescription drug history. We observed a significant increase in fentanyl‐related deaths (n = 421, 2016) versus heroin deaths (n = 160, 2012) but the baseline demographics between both cohorts remained similar. Victims were predominantly of ages 35–64 years (60%–64%), White (83%–85%), and male (73%–76%). 2016 fentanyl decedents were more likely to have naloxone administered upon overdose, and the majority still had a positive prescription history for a controlled substance. Toxicology data showed a decrease in mean morphine and 6‐monoacetylmorphine concentrations when cointoxication with fentanyl occurred. Our study emphasizes the medical examiner's role as a public health data source and bridge between different stakeholders combating the opioid epidemic.
The online behaviors of Islamic state terrorists in the United States
Authors: Whittaker Joe 
Published: January 2021

Research SummaryThis study offers an empirical insight into terrorists’ use of the Internet. Although criminology has previously been quiet on this topic, behavior‐based studies can aid in understanding the interactions between terrorists and their environments. Using a database of 231 US‐based Islamic State terrorists, four important findings are offered: (1) This cohort utilized the Internet heavily for the purposes of both networking with co‐ideologues and learning about their intended activity. (2) There is little reason to believe that these online interactions are replacing offline ones, as has previously been suggested. Rather, terrorists tend to operate in both domains. (3) Online activity seems to be similar across the sample, regardless of the number of co‐offenders or the sophistication of attack. (4) There is reason to believe that using the Internet may be an impediment to terrorists’ success.Policy ImplicationsThe findings of this study have two important policy implications. First, it is vital to understand the multiplicity of environments in which terrorists inhabit. Policy makers have tended to emphasize the online domain as particularly dangerous and ripe for exploitation. While this is understandable from one perspective, simplistic and monocausal explanations for radicalization must be avoided. Terrorists operate in both the online and offline domain and there is little reason to believe that the former is replacing the latter. The two may offer different criminogenic inducements to would‐be terrorists, and at times they may be inseparably intertwined. Second, when policy responses do focus on online interventions, it is vital to understand the unintended consequences. This is particularly the case for content removal, which may inadvertently be aiding terrorists and hampering law enforcement investigations.
Efficacy and safety of iloprost in trauma patients with haemorrhagic shock‐induced endotheliopathy—Protocol for the multicentre randomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded, investigator‐initiated shine‐trauma trial
Authors: Johansson Pär I. , Eriksen Christian Fenger , Schmal Hagen , Gaarder Christine , Pall Marlene , Henriksen Hanne Hee , Bovbjerg Pernille , Lange Theis , Næss Pål Aksel , Nielsen Christian , Kirkegaard Hans , Stensballe Jakob 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic injury accounts for 800 000 deaths in the European Union annually. The main causes of deaths in trauma patients are exsanguination and multiple organ failure (MOF). We have studied >1000 trauma patients and identified shock‐induced endotheliopathy (SHINE), the pathophysiological mechanism responsible for MOF and high mortality. Pilot studies indicate that low‐dose iloprost (1 ng/kg/min) improves endothelial functionality in critically ill patients suggesting this intervention may improve patient outcome in traumatic SHINE.Material and MethodsThis is a multicentre, randomized, blinded clinical investigator‐initiated phase 2B trial in trauma patients with haemorrhagic shock‐induced endotheliopathy. Patients are randomized 1:1 to 72 hours infusion of iloprost 1 ng/kg/min or Placebo (equal volume of saline). A total of 220 trauma patients will be included. The primary endpoint is the number of intensive care unit (ICU)‐free days, within 28 days of admission. Secondary endpoints include 28‐ and 90‐day all‐cause mortality, hospital length of stay, vasopressor‐free days in the intensive care unit (ICU) within 28 days, ventilator‐free days in the ICU within 28 days, renal replacement‐free days in the ICU within 28 days, number of serious adverse reactions and serious adverse events within the first 4 days of admission.DiscussionThis trial will test the safety and efficacy of administration of iloprost vs placebo for 72 hours in trauma patients with haemorrhagic shock‐induced endotheliopathy. Trial endpoints focus on the potential effect of iloprost to reduce the need for ICU stay secondary to mitigation of organ failure.Trial registrationSHINE‐TRAUMA trial—EudraCT no. 2019‐000936‐24—Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03903939 Ethics Committee no. H‐19014482.
Real‐world effectiveness of pharmacological treatments of alcohol use disorders in a Swedish nation‐wide cohort of 125 556 patients
Authors: Heikkinen Milja , Taipale Heidi , Tanskanen Antti , Mittendorfer‐Rutz Ellenor , Lähteenvuo Markku , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and aimPharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is recommendable, but under‐used, possibly due to deficient knowledge of medications. This study aimed to investigate the real‐world effectiveness of approved pharmacological treatments (disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone and nalmefene) of AUD.DesignA nation‐wide, register‐based cohort study.SettingSweden.ParticipantsAll residents aged 16–64 years living in Sweden with registered first‐time treatment contact due to AUD from July 2006 to December 2016 (n = 125 556, 62.5% men) were identified from nation‐wide registers.MeasurementsThe main outcome was hospitalization due to AUD. The secondary outcomes were hospitalization due to any cause, alcohol‐related somatic causes, as well as work disability (sickness absence or disability pension), and death. Mortality was analysed with between‐individual analysis using a traditional multivariate‐adjusted Cox hazards regression model. Recurrent outcomes, such as hospitalization‐based events and work disability, were analysed with within‐individual analyses to eliminate selection bias.FindingsNaltrexone combined with acamprosate [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61–0.89], combined with disulfiram (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60–0.96) and as monotherapy (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81–0.97) was associated with a significantly lower risk of AUD‐hospitalization compared with no use of AUD medication. Similar results were found for risk of hospitalization due to any cause. Benzodiazepine use and acamprosate monotherapy were associated with an increased risk of AUD‐hospitalization (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.14–1.22 and HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04–1.17, respectively). No statistically significant effects were found for work disability or mortality.ConclusionsNaltrexone as monotherapy and when combined with disulfiram and acamprosate appears to be associated with lower risk of hospitalization due to any and alcohol‐related causes, compared with no use of alcohol use disorder (AUD) medication. Acamprosate monotherapy and benzodiazepine use appear to be associated with increased risk of AUD‐associated hospitalization.
Association between age at first reported e‐cigarette use and subsequent regular e‐cigarette, ever cigarette and regular cigarette use
Authors: Conner Mark , Grogan Sarah , Simms‐Ellis Ruth , Cowap Lisa , Armitage Christopher J. , West Robert , Marshall Anna‐Marie , Siddiqi Kamran 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsAssociation of electronic cigarette use and subsequent smoking has received considerable attention, although age of first use has not. This study tested differences in regular (e‐cigarettes, cigarettes) and ever (cigarettes) use between e‐cigarette user groups: early versus never users, late versus never users, early versus late users and effects of controlling for covariates.DesignProspective study with 12‐ and 24‐month follow‐up of e‐cigarette/cigarette ever/regular use with data from an intervention.SettingForty‐five schools in England (Staffordshire and Yorkshire).ParticipantsNever smokers (3289 13–14‐year‐olds) who were part of a cluster randomized controlled trial.MeasurementsThe sample was divided into groups of e‐cigarette users: early users (at 13–14 years), late users (at 14–15 years) and never users (at 13–14 and 14–15 years). Dependent variables were self‐reported regular e‐cigarette and cigarette use and ever cigarette use at 15–16 years. Covariates were assessed.FindingsEarly and late users compared with never users were significantly more likely to be regular e‐cigarette users [early: odds ratio (OR) = 9.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.38, 16.49, P < 0.001; late: OR = 6.89, 95% CI = 4.11, 11.54, P < 0.001], ever cigarette users (early: OR = 7.96, 95% CI = 6.02, 10.53, P < 0.001; late: OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 3.85, 6.84, P < 0.001) and regular cigarette users (early: OR = 7.80, 95% CI = 3.99, 15.27, P < 0.001; late: OR = 4.34, 95% CI = 1.93, 9.77, P < 0.001) at age 15–16 years. Late users compared with early users had significantly lower rates of ever use of cigarettes at 15–16 years (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.66, P < 0.001), although this difference was non‐significant at 12 months after first use of e‐cigarettes (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.64, 1.25, P = 0.498). Controlling for covariates did not change the findings.ConclusionsAdolescents in England who report using e‐cigarettes at age 13–14 years have higher rates of subsequently initiating cigarette use than adolescents who report using e‐cigarettes at age 14–15 years, a difference that may be attributable to a longer period of time to initiate cigarette use in former group.