bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Long noncoding RNA TUG1 facilitates cell ovarian cancer progression through targeting MiR‐29b‐3p/MDM2 axis
Authors: Yang Xiaoqiu , Xin Nana , Qu Hai‐Jun , Wei Lina , Han Zhiwu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is one of the most aggressive female cancers in the world. OC trends to be diagnosed at an advanced stage with abdominal metastasis. Our study explored the biological function and underlying mechanism of lncRNA on OC cell proliferation and migration. The expression of turine up‐regulated gene 1 (TUG1) in human OC tissues and cell lines was measured by qRT‐PCR. OC cell proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion were measured by MTT assays, colony formation assays, and transwell assays in vitro. Furthermore, the nude mice xenograft model was established to determine the effects of TUG1 in vivo. The relationship between TUG1 and miR‐29b‐3p, as well as miR‐29b‐3p and MDM2 were identified using the luciferase reporter assays. We showed that the expression of TUG1 and MDM2 were significantly increased, but the expression of miR‐29b‐3p was remarkably decreased in OC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of TUG1 strongly inhibited the ability of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro. The relationship between TUG1 and miR‐29b‐3p, or miR‐29b‐3p and MDM2 were predicted by StarBase and miRanda online software. Besides, miR‐29b‐3p reversed the positive effect of TUG1 on the OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through inhibiting MDM2 expression and increasing p53 phosphorylation level. Moreover, knockdown of TUG1 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Taken all together, this study shows that TUG1 plays a crucial oncogenic role and facilitates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in OC through regulating miR‐29b‐3p/MDM2 axis.
Active fault tolerant control based on eigenstructure assignment applied to a 3‐DOF helicopter
Authors: Brizuela‐Mendoza Jorge A. , Sorcia‐Vázquez Felipe D. J. , Rumbo‐Morales Jesse Y. , Lozoya‐Ponce Ricardo E. , Rodríguez‐Cerda Julio C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper an active fault tolerant control (AFTC) has been designed and applied to a 3‐DOF helicopter mathematical model. The main contribution corresponds to an AFTC design based on eigenstructure assignment aiming at reconfiguring the controller gain after actuator fault occurrences, modelled as additive faults. The reconfigured controller gain is computed ensuring the best approximation acquired for the nominal fault‐free closed‐loop system on its eigenstructure, giving rise to a faulty closed‐loop system with the same closed‐loop eigenvalues. Simulation results on the on‐line controller gain reconfiguration are shown considering simultaneous time‐varying faults and those with negative and positive slopes.
Racial Disparities in a Sample of Inpatient Youth with ASD
Authors: Nichols Helen M. , Dababnah Sarah , Troen Brittany , Vezzoli Jessica , Mahajan Rajneesh , Mazefsky Carla A. 
Published: January 2020

Although more than one in 10 youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is admitted to a psychiatric facility before they reach adulthood, the inpatient population is underrepresented in research. Furthermore, Black youth are more likely to be psychiatrically hospitalized, compared to their White counterparts. Yet, prior research has been inconsistent in potential racial differences in ASD symptoms and severity. This study examined differences in the symptom presentation of psychiatrically hospitalized Black and White youth with ASD. Researchers collected data as part of a larger study of youth admitted to one of six US specialized inpatient psychiatric units between 2013 and 2017. We used bivariate and multivariate models to analyze the data. The study included 654 youth diagnosed with ASD, with an average age of 13 years. While bivariate analyses found that Black youth had lower written language and daily living skills and more impaired social affect and inappropriate speech, multivariate regression models suggested that overall ability level and age may be driving these differences. Specifically, the only variables that significantly predicted adaptive functioning (written language, daily living) and behavioral profiles (social affect, inappropriate speech) were verbal ability, IQ, and age. Race was not a significant predictor in any of the models. Cultural diversity and competency are vital to the identification and treatment of ASD clinical care. Thus, understanding the role race may play in early detection and accurate diagnosis is important to improving ASD identification, diagnosis, and treatment. Autism Res 2020, 13: 532–538. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis study examined differences in autism symptoms between Black and White youth in psychiatric hospitals. We found that while it initially appeared that Black and White youth differed in written language and daily living skills, these racial differences were not significant once we accounted for differences in IQ, age, and verbal ability. Our findings suggest that providers should pay greater attention to other potential reasons for racial disparities in autism services.
Polyacrylic acid based plasma fractionation for the production of albumin and IgG: Compatibility with existing commercial downstream processes
Authors: McCann Karl B. , Van Alstine James , Martinez Jose , Shanagar Jamil , Bertolini Joseph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCommercial fractionation of human plasma into immunoglobulin‐ and albumin‐rich fractions is often initiated with sequential cold ethanol‐based precipitation methods, which have changed little over the past 70 years. The required low temperature (−4 to −8°C) and high concentrations of ethanol 8–40%) necessitate large‐scale fixed processing lines, and major capital investment and operating costs. The resulting fractions are then further purified by ethanol based precipitation or chromatographic procedures to obtain the purified final product. Aqueous polyacrylic acid (PAA) based precipitation, which readily interfaces with existing downstream processing, could offer advantages with respect to cost, safety, environmental impact, and flexibility. Sequential precipitation with 7%, 12%, and 20% (w/v) solutions of PAA 8000 in the presence of a kosmotropic salt (sodium citrate) gave fibrinogen‐, immunoglobulin‐, and albumin‐rich fractions with 80–90% yield and 64%, 55%, and 82% purity, respectively. Further purification of the IgG‐rich precipitate by caprylic acid precipitation and anion exchange chromatography, achieved a target purity of >99%. This was also achieved for the downstream processing of the albumin‐rich precipitate using a two‐step ion exchange chromatographic procedure. This work shows that PAA precipitation can be used in place of cold ethanol precipitation to generate crude IgG and albumin fractions which can be purified to final products of acceptable purity.
Engineering hydroxyproline‐O‐glycosylated biopolymers to reconstruct the plant cell wall for improved biomass processability
Authors: Fang Hong , Wright Tristen , Jinn Jia‐Rong , Guo Wenzheng , Zhang Ningning , Wang Xiaoting , Wang Ya‐Jane , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReconstructing the chemical and structural characteristics of the plant cell wall represents a promising solution to overcoming lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance to biochemical deconstruction. This study aims to leverage hydroxyproline (Hyp)‐O‐glycosylation, a process unique to plant cell wall glycoproteins, as an innovative technology for de novo design and engineering in planta of Hyp‐O‐glycosylated biopolymers (HypGP) that facilitate plant cell wall reconstruction. HypGP consisting of 18 tandem repeats of “Ser–Hyp–Hyp–Hyp–Hyp” motif or (SP4)18 was designed and engineered into tobacco plants as a fusion peptide with either a reporter protein enhanced green fluorescence protein or the catalytic domain of a thermophilic E1 endoglucanase (E1cd) from Acidothermus cellulolyticus. The engineered (SP4)18 module was extensively Hyp‐O‐glycosylated with arabino‐oligosaccharides, which facilitated the deposition of the fused protein/enzyme in the cell wall matrix and improved the accumulation of the protein/enzyme in planta by 1.5–11‐fold. The enzyme activity of the recombinant E1cd was not affected by the fused (SP4)18 module, showing an optimal temperature of 80°C and optimal pH between 5 and 8. The plant biomass engineered with the (SP4)18‐tagged protein/enzyme increased the biomass saccharification efficiency by up to 3.5‐fold without having adverse impact on the plant growth.
Microrobots in Brewery: Dual Magnetic/Light‐Powered Hybrid Microrobots for Preventing Microbial Contamination in Beer
Authors: Villa Katherine , Vyskočil Jan , Ying Yulong , Zelenka Jaroslav , Pumera Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractYeasts play a key role in the production of alcoholic beverages by fermentation processes. However, because of their continuous growth, they commonly cause spoilage of the final product. Herein, we introduce dual magnetic/light‐responsive self‐propelled microrobots that can actively move in a beer sample and capture yeast cells. The presence of magnetic nanoparticles on the surface of the microrobots enables their magnetic actuation under fuel‐free conditions. In addition, their photoactivity under visible‐light irradiation leads to an overall enhancement of their swimming and yeast removal capabilities. It was found that after the application of the microrobots into a real unfiltered beer sample, these micromachines were able to remove almost 100 % of residual yeasts. In addition, these microrobots could also be added at the initial step of the fermentation process without altering the final beer properties, such as alcohol level, color, and pH. This work demonstrates the potential of using externally actuated microrobots as an innovative and low‐cost solution for avoiding yeast spoilage in complex liquid environments, such as alcoholic beverages. Therefore, these autonomous self‐propelled microrobots open new avenues for future applications in the food industry.
Trends and clinicopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinomas reported at a tertiary cancer hospital in Nepal during 1999 to 2009
Authors: Gajurel Rashmi , Gautam Dej Kumar , Pun Chin Bahadur , Dhakal Hari Prasad , Petrovski Beáta Éva , Costea Daniela Elena , Sapkota Dipak 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveReliable data describing the trends and clinicopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Nepalese population are very limited. The current study aimed to examine the demographics, trend, and clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC reported to the main referral/tertiary cancer hospital, the B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH) in Nepal for a period of 11 years (1999–2009).Material and methodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. Data were retrieved retrospectively from hospital register maintained in the Department of Ear, Nose, Throat at BPKMCH, categorized into demographic and clinicopathological variables and SPSS (V25) was used for the analysis.ResultsIn a period of 11 years, 3,452 cases of head and neck cancer were registered at the Department of Ear, Nose, Throat, BPKMCH. Out of 1,111 oral cancer cases, 1,081 (97.3%) were OSCC. A trend for increasing number of OSCCs presenting to BPKMCH was observed during that period. OSCC was found to be more common among males (73.0%), Brahmin/Chhetri ethnic groups (33.0%), in age group of 51–60 years (31.9%), and in Terai region (62.0%). Tongue (42.8%) was the most common site, followed by buccal mucosa (27.2%). Nevertheless, when stratified with respect to the geographical location and ethnicity, buccal mucosa was the most common site for OSCC in Terai region (63.9%, p = .002) and in Madhesi ethnic group (34.2%, p < .001). Majority of OSCC cases were diagnosed at advanced stage (49.7%, Stage IV) and received a combination therapy (42.0%).ConclusionsHospital‐based records can provide valuable information on disease characteristics in countries like Nepal. This study revealed that the clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC in Nepal follow the global trend. Nevertheless, relationship between specific intraoral sites for OSCC with geographic location and ethnic groups is an interesting observation and requires further population‐based studies to clarify these findings.
Line × tester analysis of maize grain yield under acid and non‐acid soil conditions
Authors: Mutimaamba Charles , MacRobert John , Cairns Jill E. , Magorokosho Cosmos , Ndhlela Thokozile , Mukungurutse Collis , Minnaar‐Ontong Adré , Labuschagne Maryke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil acidity has received less attention than other biophysical stresses such as drought and low N, despite accounting for a considerable reduction in maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in many parts of southern Africa. The line × tester mating design was used to determine the general combining ability (GCA) for grain yield of 14 maize inbred lines and the specific combining ability (SCA) of their corresponding crosses. Thirty‐three single‐cross hybrids were evaluated under acid and optimum soils across 11 environments over three seasons. Across environments, mean grain yield reduction ranged from 11 to 37% due to low pH. Additive gene action was more important than nonadditive gene action for grain yield under both soil conditions. Tester GCA effects were larger for grain yield than GCA effects of lines and SCA effects of crosses for both soil conditions. Tester GCA effects were less sensitive to environmental fluctuations than line GCA effects and SCA effects of crosses. Cross combinations with desirable SCA effects for grain yield were associated with high per se grain yield, which suggests that SCA was a good predictor of grain yield in this study. These crosses consisted of good × good and good × poor general combiners, which indicates that GCA was a good predictor of grain yield. Therefore, priority should be given for yield selection in progenies and hybridization of specific crosses with desirable SCA when breeding acid‐soil‐tolerant maize.
A new mean‐field plasma edge transport model based on turbulent kinetic energy and enstrophy
Authors: Coosemans Reinart , Dekeyser Wouter , Baelmans Martine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe predictive capabilities of mean‐field plasma edge transport codes are significantly reduced by the empirically determined radial diffusion coefficients commonly used to account for the turbulent transport. This paper aims to assess a two‐equation model including both turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent enstrophy for an improved description of the mean‐field turbulent transport. A turbulent enstrophy equation is analytically derived for isothermal, electrostatic, two‐dimensional, interchange‐dominated ExB turbulence in the scrape‐off layer. Evaluation of this equation shows that interchange is the dominant source, while the sheath loss and viscous terms provide the main sinks of turbulent enstrophy. Transport effects turn out to be of minor importance. A model for the combined turbulent kinetic energy and enstrophy equations and the particle transport is constructed starting from a one‐equation model for the turbulent kinetic energy. The resulting two‐equation model is shown to retain the dominant dynamics of the latter while improving its scalings.
Utility of PD‐L1 immunocytochemistry using body‐fluid cell blocks in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Song Seung Geun , Lee Jonghoon , Koh Jaemoon , Kim Sehui , Chung Doo Hyun , Jeon Yoon Kyung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe expression of programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) is a biomarker in patients with non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Patients with advanced‐stage NSCLC receive a variety of molecular genetic tests, possibly resulting in insufficient tissue for immunoassay of PD‐L1. Thus, to determine whether effusion fluid specimens are a reliable alternative to tissue specimens for PD‐L1 testing, we compared the results of PD‐L1 immunostaining using body‐fluid cell blocks and tumor tissues.MethodsPD‐L1 immunostaining was performed in 62 paired samples of cytology cell blocks (ie, immunocytochemistry) and tumor tissues (ie, immunohistochemistry) from 36 patients using the E1L3N, SP142, and SP263 anti PD‐L1 antibody clones. Of the 62 cytology specimens, 50 were from malignant effusion fluid. PD‐L1 expression was scored as the percentage of tumor cells with clear membranous staining.ResultsA strong positive correlation was observed between the immunostains on cytology cell blocks and tumor tissue (Pearson's correlation coefficient, R = .804, P < .001). When the score was categorized as <1%, ≥1% and <10%, ≥10% and <50%, and ≥50%, the overall concordance rate was 74.2% (46/62, Cohen's k = 0.568). After dichotomizing the cases using cutoff values of 1%, 10%, and 50%, the concordance rates were 84% to 100% for both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The concordance rate was higher in patients with NSCLC with an EGFR mutation and using the SP263 rather than the E1L3N clone.ConclusionThe results of PD‐L1 immunostaining of cell blocks, particularly from effusion fluid, reflect the PD‐L1 expression status of NSCLC tissue.
How does tree regeneration respond to mixed‐severity fire in the western Oregon Cascades,USA?
Authors: Dunn Christopher J. , Johnston James D. , Reilly Matthew J. , Bailey John D. , Miller Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDendroecological studies of historical tree recruitment patterns suggest mixed‐severity fire effects are common in Douglas‐fir/western hemlock forests of the Pacific Northwest (PNW),USA, but empirical studies linking observed fire severity to tree regeneration response are needed to expand our understanding into the functional role of fire in this forest type. Recent increases in mixed‐severity fires offered this opportunity, so we quantified the abundance, spatial distribution, species richness, and community composition of regenerating trees across a mixed‐severity fire gradient (unburned–high‐severity fire) 10 and 22 yr post‐fire, and use our results to inform a discussion of fire's functional role in western Oregon Cascades Douglas‐fir forests. Regeneration abundance was unimodal across the fire severity gradient such that the greatest mean abundance followed moderate‐severity fire (25–75% basal area mortality). Similarly, the greatest number of species was present within the most 25‐m2regeneration quadrants (most extensive distribution) following moderate‐severity fire, relative to any other fire severity class. On average, species richness also exhibited a unimodal distribution across the severity gradient, increasing by 100% in stands that experienced moderate‐severity fire relative to unburned forests or following high‐severity fire, as predicted by the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis. Several distinct regeneration communities emerged across the fire severity gradient, including early seral tree communities indicative of those observed in initial and relay floristics successional models for this forest type. Most significantly, moderate‐severity fire alters successional trajectories and facilitates the establishment of a more diverse tree regeneration community than observed following low‐ or high‐severity fire. These communities are reflective of the diverse overstory communities commonly encountered throughout this forest type. The emergence of these diverse forests is unlikely to develop or persist in the absence of moderate‐severity fire effects, and may be perpetuated longer by recurring moderate‐severity fire relative to experiencing stand replacing fire. Therefore, moderate‐severity fire may be the most functionally important fire effect in Douglas‐fir forests and should be better represented in successional models and more prominent in ecologically based fire and forest management.
Effects of ecological restoration on soil properties of the aeolian sandy land around Lhasa, southern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liao Chengrui , Li Haidong , Lv Guoping , Tian Jiarong , Xu Yannan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ecological restoration of aeolian sandy land has not only improved the function of ecosystem services, such as wind prevention and sand fixation, but has also indirectly reduced the regional economic losses caused by sandstorms. However, the interaction between vegetation and soil properties after natural and artificial restoration of the sandy land in southern Tibetan Plateau has not been sufficiently studied. In the present study, we selected four vegetation types, including artificial forest (A), revegetated shrub (B), natural shrub (C), and natural grassland (D), in the sandy land in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, Tibet, China, and investigated the changes in soil particle size and nutrients at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm, finally examining the potential relationships between soil properties and leaf nutrients. Our results indicated that in the topsoil (0–20 cm), the natural shrub (C) and natural grassland (D) have greater silt content, recorded as 50.77% and 62.16%, respectively, compared to the artificial forest (A) and revegetated shrub (B). Natural grassland (D) had the highest silt content and the lowest soil bulk density (SBD) among the four vegetation types. There was no significant difference in the soil organic matter (SOM) in the topsoil of the different vegetation types. However, at the depth of 20–40 cm, the SOM content of the different vegetation types was in the following order: natural grassland (D) (23.37 g/kg) > natural shrub (C) (17.42 g/kg) > revegetated shrub (B) (14.85 g/kg) > artificial forest (A) (8.43 g/kg). The ammonium nitrogen content (NH4‐N) in the revegetated shrub (B) was higher compared to the other vegetation types. The SOM content was significantly correlated with the total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) of the sandy land. The leaf total carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus exhibited a positive correlation with SBD, AP, and available potassium. These findings can provide useful information to optimize the patterns of natural and artificial restoration for controlling desertification in similar eco‐regions.
Finite element computations of viscoelastic two‐phase flows using local projection stabilization
Authors: Venkatesan Jagannath , Ganesan Sashikumaar 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA three‐field local projection stabilized (LPS) finite element method is developed for computations of a three‐dimensional axisymmetric buoyancy driven liquid drop rising in a liquid column where one of the liquid is viscoelastic. The two‐phase flow is described by the time‐dependent incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations, whereas the viscoelasticity is modeled by the Giesekus constitutive equation in a time‐dependent domain. The arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) formulation with finite elements is used to solve the governing equations in the time‐dependent domain. Interface‐resolved moving meshes in ALE allows to incorporate the interfacial tension force and jumps in the material parameters accurately. A one‐level LPS based on an enriched approximation space and a discontinuous projection space is used to stabilize the numerical scheme. A comprehensive numerical investigation is performed for a Newtonian drop rising in a viscoelastic fluid column and a viscoelastic drop rising in a Newtonian fluid column. The influence of the viscosity ratio, Newtonian solvent ratio, Giesekus mobility factor, and the Eötvös number on the drop dynamics are analyzed. The numerical study shows that beyond a critical Capillary number, a Newtonian drop rising in a viscoelastic fluid column experiences an extended trailing edge with a cusp‐like shape and also exhibits a negative wake phenomena. However, a viscoelastic drop rising in a Newtonian fluid column develops an indentation around the rear stagnation point with a dimpled shape.