bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adequate Number of Swallows for Pharyngeal Pressure Measurement of a Subject using High-resolution Manometry
Authors: Tsuyumu Matsusato , Hama Takanori , Kato Takakuni , Kojima Hiromi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction The number of pressure measurements that need to be recorded using high-resolution manometry (HRM) for the accurate evaluation of pharyngeal function is not well established.
Objective The purpose of this study is to clarify the number of swallows required to obtain an accurate pharyngeal manometric profile of a person.
Methods Forty healthy adults performed a dry swallow and bolus swallows using 3-, 5-, or 10 ml of water and underwent measurements using the Starlet HRM system. Each subject underwent 10 swallows for each of the four bolus volume conditions.
Results The mean of up to seven measurements of maximum pre-swallow upper esophageal sphincter pressure with 10 ml of swallow was close to the mean of up to eight measurements in 95% of the subjects. Similarly, the rate of change of the average for the eighth and ninth measurements and the rate of change for the average of the ninth and tenth measurements were less than 5%. When the other parameters were similarly measured up to the sixth measurement, no major change in the average value was observed even if more measurements were taken.
Conclusion A minimum of six measurements are required, and seven swallows are sufficient for evaluating the pharyngeal manometric profile of a single person. This number of measurements can be a useful criterion when performing HRM measurements on individual subjects.
Is the Level of Noise in a School Environment be Harmful to the Hearing of Teachers?
Authors: Novanta Gabriela Guenther Ribeiro , Garavelli Sergio Luiz , Sampaio Andre Luiz Lopes 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction The excessive noise observed in the school environment can cause damages or losses to the learning process as well as risks to the health of teachers and students, such as physical, mental and social impairments, including, among them, hearing loss.
Objective To assess otoacoustic emissions in teachers and determine whether classroom noise reduces distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Method Sixty-seven teachers were evaluated using otoacoustic emissions testing in two situations: after hearing rest and after the working day.
Results Signal amplitude (p = 0.044 [2 kHz]; p = 0.01 [4 kHz]) and SNR for frequencies of 2 kHz (p = 0.008) and 4 kHz (p = 0.001) decreased significantly between time points. Mean classroom noise was associated with the magnitude of the difference in signal amplitude at 2 kHz (p = 0.017) and 4 kHz (p = 0.015), and SNR at 4 kHz (p = 0.023).
Conclusions There was a decrease in the amplitude and in the SNR after exposure to the noise in the classroom environment. The high levels of sound pressure that teachers are exposed to on a daily basis can cause a temporary change in the outer hair cells of the Corti organ, and these changes may become permanent over time.
Comparison of Relative Loudness Judgment in Children using Listening Devices with Typically Developing Children
Authors: Tak Shubha , Yathiraj Asha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroduction Loudness perception is considered important for the perception of emotions, relative distance and stress patterns. However, certain digital hearing devices worn by those with hearing impairment may affect their loudness perception. This could happen in devices that have compression circuits to make loud sounds soft and soft sounds loud. These devices could hamper children from gaining knowledge about loudness of acoustical signals.Objective To compare relative loudness judgment of children using listening devices with age-matched typically developing children.Methods The relative loudness judgment of sounds created by day-to-day objects were evaluated on 60 children (20 normal-hearing, 20 hearing aid users, & 20 cochlear implant users), utilizing a standard group comparison design. Using a two-alternate forced-choice technique, the children were required to select picturized sound sources that were louder.Results The majority of the participants obtained good scores and poorer scores were mainly obtained by children using cochlear implants. The cochlear implant users obtained significantly lower scores than the normal-hearing participants. However, the scores were not significantly different between the normal-hearing children and the hearing aid users as well as between the two groups with hearing impairment.Conclusion Thus, despite loudness being altered by listening devices, children using non-linear hearing aids or cochlear implants are able to develop relative loudness judgment for acoustic stimuli. However, loudness growth for electrical stimuli needs to be studied.
The Use of Exergames in the Neurorehabilitation of People with Parkinson Disease: The Impact on Daily Life
Authors: Zeigelboim Bianca Simone , José Maria Renata , Severiano Maria Izabel Rodrigues , Santos Geslaine Janaína Bueno dos , Teive Helio Afonso Ghizoni , Liberalesso Paulo Breno Noronha , Marques Jair Mendes , Rosa Michéli Rodrigues da , Santos Rosane Sampaio , Malisky Jéssica Spricigo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive degeneration characterized by motor disorders, such as tremor, bradykinesia, stiffness and postural instability.
Objective To evaluate the independence, confidence and balance in the development of daily activities in patients with PD before and after rehabilitation.
Methods A descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with 16 patients (mean 57.6 ± 18.7 years), submitted to anamnesis, otolaryngological evaluation and vestibular assessment. The Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living (VADL) and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scales were applied before and after rehabilitation with virtual reality.
Results a) The instrumental subscale of the questionnaire showed statistically significant result (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.21; 2.21) between the first and second assessments; b) The correlation between the questionnaires showed statistically significant result in the ambulation subscale (p = 0.011; 95% CI −0.85; −0.17) first and (p = 0.002, 95% CI −0.88; −0.31) second assessments, and the functional subscale was only verified in the second assessment (p = 0.011, 95% CI −0.85; −0.17); and c) The patients presented clinical improvement in the final assessment after rehabilitation with significant result for the tightrope walk (p = 0.034, 95% CI −12.5; −0.3) and ski slalom games (p = 0.005, 95% CI −34.8; −6.6).
Conclusions Our results showed that the VADL and ABC questionnaires, applied before and after rehabilitation, were important tools to measure the independence, confidence and balance while developing daily activities. The VADL and ABC questionnaires may effectively contribute to quantify the effect of the applied therapeutics and, consequently, its impact on the quality of life of patients with PD.
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY TO MEASURE PATIENTS' PERCEPTION OF QUALITY OF NURSING CARE AT MEDICAL WARDS
Authors: A. Tamilselvi , Reghunath Rajee 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Traditionally quality of care has been measured against expectations of health professionals and standards rather than being grounded in the perspectives of patients. The most important aspect on which patients' perspective on quality of care depends is “nursing care” because nurses are involved in every aspect of patients' care in hospital. Thus, it is important to measure patients' perception of quality of nursing care in medical wards. A cross sectional descriptive study design was used and total of 50 patients recruited for the study by using purposive sampling technique. Patients' satisfaction with nursing care quality (PSNCQQ) questionnaire was used to measure the patients' perception of quality of nursing care after obtaining reliability. The results revealed that 34% of patients were between the age group of 21-40 years and half of them were males. The total mean score of patients' perception of quality of nursing care was 64.8 with standard deviation of (+) or (-) 13.2 and 40 patients' (80%) perceived overall aspect of quality of nursing care. There were 19 (38%) perceived low quality in the dimensions of providing information and skill and competency. This was supported by the results of the study revealed that almost 1/3 patients (31.6%) perceived that nurses did not offer adequate “explanation and information” about their treatment in hospital and home care and follow up advice. Thus, it was concluded that nurses need to improve their skill and competency and update their knowledge by attending continuing nursing education program and skill training workshops
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE FACTORS INFLUENCING UNMET NEED OF FAMILY PLANNING AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN SELECTED VILLAGES OF UDUPI DISTRICT, KARNATAKA
Authors: R. Lekshmi A. ,   Ansuya,   Manjula
Published: April 2020

Abstract:
Background: Millions of women worldwide who are sexually active, who would prefer to avoid becoming pregnant, but are not using any contraception, these women are considered to have an “unmet need” for Family Planning. The concept of “unmet need” points to 1 the gap between some women's reproductive intensions and their contraceptive behaviour. Bridging the gap can lead to a great success in the family planning programme and realization of the dream of stable population.
Objectives: To assess the unmet need of family planning and the factors influencing the unmet need among married women.
Materials and Methods:A descriptive survey was under taken among 280 married women selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaire.
Results: About 41.1% of the total subjects had the unmet need for family planning in that 32.2% were having unmet need for spacing and 67.8% for limiting. Majority (55.7%) were not using family planning because of fertility related reasons. The study revealed that there was a significant association between unmet need and variables like age and number of living children. There was a significant association between unmet need and fertility related reasons.
Conclusion: Since the unmet need of family planning is existing, awareness of the public in relation to family planning should be ongoing especially to the general public with lower level of education.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF LIGNOCAINE AND BENZOCAINE PATCHES FOR VARIOUS DENTAL TREATMENTS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Rai Kavita , Hegde Amitha M. , Jacob Mary , Charyulu R. Narayana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:This study was done to evaluate the clinical efficacy of lidocaine and benzocaine patches in various dental treatment in children. A total of 120 patients were divided into two groups, i.e Group A and Group B. Group A, consisted of 60 children where lignocaine patches were placed and Group B where Benzocaine patches were placed. For each group, the onset of action was recorded after checking for symptoms of anesthesia, subjective and objective pain assessment was evaluated by the VAS and the SEM scale. There was an earlier onset of action which was seen for Lignocaine compared to Benzocaine. But when each of the treatments were compared the anesthetic effect from patches kept the patient comfortable for minimally invasive procedures like band adaptation and was statistically significant. The VAS(Visual analogue scale) scores recorded were statistically significant for the pulpectomy procedure for Benzocaine group compared to Lignocaine. SEM (Sound eyes motor scale) scores were suggestive that the children were more comfortable with the Lignocaine patches when compared to Benzocaine patches.(p <0.0001).The extraction procedures of only grade 3 mobile teeth, pulp therapy for non-vital teeth and band adaptation were clinically successful for both the groups. Our study concluded that, bioadhesive patches can be an alternative over infiltration anesthesia in minimally invasive dental procedures and also could be used successfully for reducing the pain of nerve blocks for children as well as adults which has to be administered in the case of more invasive procedures like pulp therapy.
JACOBSON'S PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION (JPMR) TRAINING TO REDUCE ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
Authors: Bommareddi Prameelarani , Valsaraj Blessy Prabha ,   Shalini
Published: April 2020

Abstract:
Background: The term AIDS refers only to the last stage of the HIV infection. AIDS can be called as our modern pandemic affecting both industrialized and developing countries.
Objectives: To assess the anxiety and depression among people living with HIV as measured by HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), to determine the effectiveness of JPMR in terms of reduction in the mean posttest anxiety and depression scores, to find the association of anxiety and depression among people living with HIV with selected demographic and disease specific variables.
Materials and Methods: one group pre test and post test design was used. 30 people living with HIV who were admitted at ART center, District Hospital, Udupi were selected and different scales on anxiety and depression scale for people living with HIV were administered. Purposive sampling technique was used for the study.
Results: Out of 30 subjects, 13.30% (4) experienced abnormal anxiety and 16.7% (5) abnormal depression. There was significance difference between mean difference of pretest and post test scores of anxiety (t=8.471, df=29, p=0.001) and depression (t=6.811, df=29, p=0.001). Anxiety is independent of the selected variables (Demographic and disease specific). Depression is dependent on previous history of psychiatric illness (÷2=6.584, df =2, p=0.037).
Conclusion: JPMR is a simple non-invasive, cost effective method. The result showed that JPMR training had a positive effect in reducing the anxiety and depression and JPMR can be used as an effective alternative therapy.
DIFFERENCES IN AWARENESS OF DIABETES AMONG MALES AND FEMALES
Authors: Jayachandran Sunaina , Pradeep Shwetha , P. Tintu K. , Shajahan Shehanaz , Mathew Sheena , J. Sushmitha D. , Gowda Tejaswini , Kundapur Rashmi ,   Santhosh
Published: April 2020

Abstract:
Introduction: Metabolic diseases dramatically affect life of men and women from infancy up to old age and are a major challenge for clinicians. Sex and gender affect screening and diagnosis of metabolic diseases as well as treatment strategies and outcome.
Aims & Objectives: To differentiate the knowledge of diabetes among both the gender and to study some practices like smoking, alcohol & exercise among males and females to avoid diabetes
Materials and Methods: Community based cross-sectional study. A questionnaire consisting of questions that were based on the knowledge, awareness and practices regarding the risk factors of Diabetes was prepared. Only students willing to participate in the study were included. The questionnaire was to be filled anonymously. We collected data from 600 adolescents of age group 16-18years out of which 364 were females and 236 were males.
Results: According to our study the results showed that 82.63% males and 92% females think that had knowledge about diabetes, 61.8% males, 52.2% females had knowledge about the increase in rates of diabetics. 61.8% males and 52.2% females had knowledge about complications. 70.7%males and 73% females had knowledge about prevention of diabetes. 27.1% males and 24.4% females think there is complete cure for diabetes. Only 16.97%males and 11.8% females thought that they were at increased risk of diabetes.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE BETWEEN POSTGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS AND LLB STUDENTS REGARDING EUTHANASIA IN SELECTED COLLEGES OF UDUPI DISTRICT
Authors: Verghese Ashley Elizabeth , Mathew Prince , Salins Ronald , Mathew Sminu , Kuriakose Basil ,   Shobha
Published: April 2020

Abstract:The concept of euthanasia is based on the philosophy of humanism and compassion. It recognizes the autonomy of an individual, freedom of choice to live or die with dignity. It is a very sensitive issue that polarized the world. Euthanasia is one of the most perplexing issues which the world faces today.In this study, the knowledge of postgraduate nursing students and LLB students was assessed by using structured knowledge questionnaire and attitude by attitude scale. The findings of the study revealed that out of 40 postgraduate nursing students, 57.5% were Christians, 35% were Hindus and 7.5% were belonged to other religious groups. Among the LLB students 85% were Hindus, 12.5% were Muslims and 2.5% were Christians. Among the postgraduate nursing students, 80% were females and among LLB students, 60% were females. The result also showed that, 62.5% of the nursing and LLB students had good knowledge and 65% of the nursing students and 57.5% of the LLB students were favouring euthanasia respectively. There was no significant difference between knowledge of nursing students and LLB students.
OVERCOMING VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN VEGAN DIET
Authors: Baby Prassanna ,   Sridevy
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Vitamin B12 is a crystalline compound essential to a number of micro-organisms and animals, including humans. So far as is known it is not present in higher plants. Pure vegetarian food is nearly free from vit. B12. It is a nutrient that needs attention in vegan diet. Vegetarians are at risk for vitamin B(12) (B12) deficiency due to suboptimal intake. Dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 due to vegetarianism is increasing and causes hyperhomocysteinemia Areas for research include intermittent vitamin B12 supplement dosing and better measurements of the bioavailability of B12 in fermented vegetarian foods and algae. The goal of the present literature review was to create an awareness among the vegans to identify the vegetarian sources of Vitamin B12 and to incorporate them into their daily diet.
A RARE CASE OF CHONDROMA OF CARTILAGINOUS NASAL SEPTUM
Authors: P. Shrinath D. Kamath , Shetty Kishore , Shetty Anusha , Mathias Michelle , Rent Natashya 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Chondroma is a benign tumor of cartilaginous origin. Nasal septal chondromas are rare and almost always arise from the bony septum. Considering the very rare occurrence of chondroma from anterior part of the septum, we report a case of Chondroma of the nasal septal cartilage in an adult female, who presented with progressive unilateral nasal obstruction. CT scan showed the minimally enhancing lesion from the anterior septum confined to the left nasal cavity. Excision of the mass was done endoscopically. Histopathological examination of the specimen was suggestive of chondroma.
RETRO-AORTIC LEFT RENAL VEIN WITH DOUBLE LEFT RENAL ARTERY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: K. Vishal , V. Vinay K. , K. Remya ,   Swathi
Published: April 2020

Abstract:The kidneys are the excretory organs. The kidneys are supplied by right and left renal arteries at the level of second lumbar vertebrae. They are drained by right and left renal vein which runs anterior to renal arteries.During routine dissection of an adult male cadaver in the department of Anatomy, we observed an unusual variation in the blood vessels supplying left kidney.These variations are due to persistence of embryonic vessels.Though variations in the renal vessels are common, proper knowledge of variations is essential not only to the anatomists but also for the clinicians and to perform surgical and radiological procedures more safely and efficiently.
SPIRAL CT A SEARCH ENGINE FOR DIAGNOSING MULTIPLE CANALS - A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Halkai Kiran , Halkai Rahul , Hegde Mithra N. , S. Sapna , M. Narender Reddy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Successful treatment of any case mainly depends on proper diagnosis; this is particularly true when we are doing an endodontic treatment. Internal anatomy of root canal system varies a lot and predisposes to inadequate root canal preparation and should be recognized before or during treatment. Proper knowledge of these anatomical variations and proper diagnosis are of paramost important. As the routine diagnostic aids, radiograph is a two dimensional representation of a three dimensional object where the internal anatomy of the tooth cannot be appreciated properly. Spiral computed tomography (SCT) has got an advantage as it gives a 3 dimensional image of a given object. We present an interesting case of multiple canals in all the teeth except incisors in a single patient which was diagnosed with the aid of Dental CT and its potential role, this diagnostic method can help in the field of endodontics
NARROW BAND IMAGING-INSIGHT INTO THE INTERIORS
Authors: Achalli Sonika , Madi Medhini , Babu Subhas G. , Shetty Shishir Ram 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) is a recent method of imaging which can be used as an adjunctive diagnostic device along with standard diagnostic protocol. This technology will improve clinicians' ability to detect early changes in inflammatory and dysplastic tissues. Recently there has been a rapid progression in its use in patients with head and neck cancer. NBI system is based on the principle of producing blue light which penetrates less deeply into the tissues of precancerous and cancerous lesions when compared to that of conventional white light and thus helps clinicians' to get a much better view of superficial structures.
EVALATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARKERS OF LIVER FUNCTION AND THE ONSET OF TYPE 2 DIABETES
Authors: Philip Raiza , Mathias Michelle , N. Suchetha Kumari , M. Damodara Gowda K. , K. Jayaprakash Shetty 
Published: April 2020

Abstract:
Background and Objective: Type 2 diabetic individuals are highly prone to liver function test abnormalities than non-diabetic individuals. Increased activities of liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and ?- glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) are indicators of hepatocellular injury. Increased activity of these markers is associated with insulin resistance [1], metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus burden is one of the key concerns in developing countries like India. In this study, we evaluated the relationships between markers of liver function and the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted after the approval from institutional ethical committee. Twenty five patients reporting to the OPD of K. S. Hegde Hospital diagnosed for type 2 diabetes between the age group of 40-50 years of both sex and 25 healthy age and sex matched individuals were included in the study. Under aseptic precautions blood samples were collected and centrifuged to get serum and was used for estimation. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD. Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationship between serum glucose and liver function enzymes.
Result: The results of the present showed that the ALT, AST and GGT levels in Type 2 Diabetic patients was increased significantly (p&lt;0.01) as compared to normal controls.
Conclusion: In this study, we found an association between the level of liver enzymes, ALT, AST and GGT in type 2 diabetes. Thus these liver enzyme levels can be used as a biomarker for the assessment of type 2 diabetes.