bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of eggshell crack for hen egg and duck egg using correlation analysis based on acoustic resonance method
Authors: Sun Li , Feng Siyu , Chen Cheng , Liu Xianlin , Cai Jianrong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work presents a novel method for eggshell crack timely detection of hen and duck eggs based on the acoustic resonance analysis. The developed experimental device consisting of an excitation device, an acquisition module of acoustic signals, and a personal computer was designed to generate and acquire the response signals by impaction on eggshell. The parameter of Pearson's correlation coefficients (PCCs) was calculated to compare the similarity between intact and crack eggs signals with various sampling points. The 200 sampling points of the response signal were selected as an effective response signal, which observed the values of higher than 0.85 and lower than 0.8 for intact eggs and crack eggs, respectively. Thereafter, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to find that the egg individual and the impact location were two remarkable influencing factors to the response signal from intact egg. The cross‐comparison of signals from the same direction of each egg sample was proposed to get the PCCs and served as feature parameters. A universal linear discriminant function was built to distinguish intact and crack egg. In the conducted experiments, a crack detection level of 95.5% and a false rejection level of 5% were achieved using the mixed samples of 100 hen eggs and 100 duck eggs. From the findings, it can be concluded that the proposed method will assist in simplifying the classification algorithm and in advancing the applicability for multiple categories of egg for an online detection system.Practical ApplicationsEggshell crack produced during packing and transportation may lead to significant economic loss and food security problem. This article presents a novel method of eggshell crack detection based on the acoustic resonance analysis for different categories egg. The effective response signals selection method and remarkable influencing factors analysis method of response signal was conducted to weaken the random interference of noise and reduce the computation consumption. As a result, a universal linear discriminant function was built to distinguish the intact and cracked eggs, which can satisfy the requirement in sorting industry. The overall results sufficiently indicated that the proposed methods in this study have significant potential for online detection of eggshell crack with high throughput.
Impact of thermosonication and pasteurization on total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity, and vitamin C levels of elephant apple (Dillenia indica) juice
Authors: Nayak Prakash Kumar , Basumatary Birhang , Chandrasekar Chandra Mohan , Seth Dibyakanta , Kesavan Radha Krishnan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present work evaluated the influence of different thermosonication conditions on the quality improvement of elephant apple (Dillenia indica) juice. The juice was processed under thermosonication at different temperatures (30–50°C) for different time periods (15–60 min). The results of sonication treatments were compared with fresh and thermally treated juices. The objectives of the research work were to determine the effect of thermosonication on the quality attributes such as pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), ascorbic acid levels, microbiological, and sensory properties. pH, TA, and TSS of thermosonicated and pasteurized juice samples did not produce any significant (p < .05) differences. From the experimental results, it was also seen that thermosonication has improved the quality of elephant apple juice by increasing the levels of TPC, TFC, and AA significantly (p < .05) and ensuring the microbial safety of juices. Furthermore, the findings of the present study indicated that the thermosonication can be employed for processing of elephant apple juice as a replacement method for thermal processing with enhanced quality.Practical applicationsUltrasound processing is one of the new method which has been applied widely to improve the shelf life of fruit juices without altering the quality attributes of juices. Commonly, thermal processing technologies are applied to improve the keeping quality of fruit juices, but it has some detrimental effects on the final quality of fruit products. So, ultrasound processing can be utilized as an alternative method to thermal processing. In the present work, ultrasound processing was applied to enhance the quality of elephant apple juices.
Subjective–objective sleep discrepancy in patients with insomnia during and after cognitive behavioural therapy: An actigraphy study
Authors: Janků Karolina , Šmotek Michal , Fárková Eva , Kopřivová Jana 
Published: May 2020

SummaryAlthough patients with insomnia often show a discrepancy between self‐reported and objective sleep parameters, the role of and change in this phenomenon during treatment remain unclear. The present study aimed to assess the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on subjective and objective sleep discrepancy of total sleep time, sleep‐onset latency and wake after sleep onset. The total sleep time discrepancy was also assessed across the entire therapy. The second aim was to examine the treatment outcome of two insomnia groups differing in sleep perception. Thirty‐six adults with insomnia (mean age = 46.7 years,SD = 13.9; 22 females) were enrolled in the final analyses. Patients underwent a 6‐week group cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia programme. Sleep diary and actigraphy measurements were obtained during the therapy. Patients who underestimated total sleep time (n = 16; underestimating group) were compared with patients who accurately perceived or overestimated total sleep time (n = 20; accurate/overestimating group). After cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, a significant decrease of total sleep time and sleep‐onset latency discrepancy was observed without a change in wake after sleep onset discrepancy in the total sample. Only the underestimating group reported decreased sleep‐onset latency discrepancy after the treatment, whereas total sleep time discrepancy significantly changed in both groups. The underestimating group showed a significant decrease of total sleep time discrepancy from Week 1 to Week 2 when the sleep restriction was implemented, whereas the accurate/overestimating group showed the first significant change at Week 4. In conclusion, both groups differing in sleep perception responded similarly to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, although different In conclusion, both groups differing in sleep perception responded similarly to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, although different therapeutic components could play important roles in each group. components could play important roles in each group.
Not All Indexical Cues Are Equal: Differential Sensitivity to Dimensions of Indexical Meaning in an Artificial Language
Authors: Rácz Péter , Hay Jennifer B. , Pierrehumbert Janet B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the learning of indexical features by English‐speaking adults using a novel experimental paradigm. In a conceptual replication of Rácz, Hay, and Pierrehumbert (2017), participants learned an allomorphy pattern cued by a given social context. The social contexts were represented by conversation partners who differed by age, ethnicity, and/or gender and were positioned in various ways. The results showed that, after training, the participants were able to learn that different types of conversation partners prefer different types of allomorphs but that learning and generalization hinged on the social relevance of the cue represented by the conversation partner. These results suggest that the relevance of cues in an individual's past social experience influences their storage and learnability even at very early stages of learning a word pattern.
Structural sensing with deep learning: Strain estimation from acceleration data for fatigue assessment
Authors: Gulgec Nur Sila , Takáč Martin , Pakzad Shamim N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany of the civil structures experience significant vibrations and repeated stress cycles during their life span. These conditions are the bases for fatigue analysis to accurately establish the remaining fatigue life of the structures that ideally requires a full‐field strain assessment of the structures over years of data collection. Traditional inspection methods collect strain measurements by using strain gauges for a short time span and extrapolate the measurements in time; nevertheless, large‐scale deployment of strain gauges is expensive and laborious as more spatial information is desired. This paper introduces a deep learning‐based approach to replace this high cost by employing inexpensive data coming from acceleration sensors. The proposed approach utilizes collected acceleration responses as inputs to a multistage deep neural network based on long short‐term memory and fully connected layers to estimate the strain responses. The memory requirement of training long acceleration sequences is reduced by proposing a novel training strategy. In the evaluation of the method, a laboratory‐scale horizontally curved girder subjected to various loading scenarios is tested.
A Plasmodium homolog of ER tubule‐forming proteins is required for parasite virulence
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Hai Lei , Govindasamy Kavitha , Gao Jian , Coppens Isabelle , Hu Junjie , Wang Qian , Bhanot Purnima 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReticulon and REEP family of proteins stabilize the high curvature of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules. Plasmodium berghei Yop1 (PbYop1) is a REEP5 homolog in Plasmodium. Here, we characterize its function using a gene‐knockout (Pbyop1∆). Pbyop1∆ asexual stage parasites display abnormal ER architecture and an enlarged digestive vacuole. The erythrocytic cycle of Pbyop1∆ parasites is severely attenuated and the incidence of experimental cerebral malaria is significantly decreased in Pbyop1∆‐infected mice. Pbyop1∆ sporozoites have reduced speed, are slower to invade host cells but give rise to equal numbers of infected HepG2 cells, as WT sporozoites. We propose that PbYOP1’s disruption may lead to defects in trafficking and secretion of a subset of proteins required for parasite development and invasion of erythrocytes. Furthermore, the maintenance of ER morphology in different parasite stages is likely to depend on different proteins.
Legacy effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on vegetation and carbon stocks of upland heaths
Authors: van Paassen José G. , Britton Andrea J. , Mitchell Ruth J. , Street Lorna E. , Johnson David , Coupar Andrew , Woodin Sarah J. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Soil carbon (C) pools and plant community composition are regulated by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Atmospheric N deposition impacts ecosystem C storage, but the direction of response varies between systems. Phosphorus limitation may constrain C storage response to N, hence P application to increase plant productivity and thus C sequestration has been suggested.

We revisited a 23‐yr‐old field experiment where N and P had been applied to upland heath, a widespread habitat supporting large soil C stocks. At 10 yr after the last nutrient application we quantified long‐term changes in vegetation composition and in soil and vegetation C and P stocks.

Nitrogen addition, particularly when combined with P, strongly influenced vegetation composition, favouring grasses over Calluna vulgaris, and led to a reduction in vegetation C stocks. However, soil C stocks did not respond to nutrient treatments. We found 40% of the added P had accumulated in the soil.

This study showed persistent effects of N and N + P on vegetation composition, whereas effects of P alone were small and showed recovery. We found no indication that P application could mitigate the effects of N on vegetation or increase C sequestration in this system.
The transcription factor ZmNAC126 accelerates leaf senescence downstream of the ethylene signalling pathway in maize
Authors: Yang Zhen , Wang Chaoqi , Qiu Kai , Chen Huiru , Li Zhongpeng , Li Xin , Song Jiangbo , Wang Xiaolei , Gao Jiong , Kuai Benke , Zhou Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLeaf senescence is an integral part of plant development, during which, nutrients are remobilized from senescent leaves to fast‐growing organs. The initiation and progression dynamics of leaf senescence is therefore vital not only to the maximal accumulation of assimilates but also to the efficient remobilization of nutrients. Senescence is a finely tuned process that involves the action of a large number of transcription factors (TFs). The NAC TFs play critical roles in regulating leaf senescence in Arabidopsis, wheat, rice and tomato. Here, we identified a NAC TF, ZmNAC126 that is responsive to leaf senescence in maize. Ectopic overexpression of ZmNAC126 in Arabidopsis and maize enhanced chlorophyll degradation and promoted leaf senescence. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ZmNAC126 could directly bind to the promoters of major chlorophyll catabolic genes in maize. Dual‐luciferase assay in maize protoplasts indicated that ZmNAC126 positively regulates these chlorophyll catabolic genes in maize. Moreover, ZmNAC126 could be induced by ethylene, and ZmEIN3, a major TF of ethylene signalling, could bind to its promoter to transactivate its expression. Taken together, ZmNAC126 may play a pivotal role in regulating natural and ethylene‐triggered leaf senescence in maize.
Esophageal atresia: Associated anomalies, mortality, and morbidity in Jordan
Authors: Badran Eman F , Kamal Waseem , Yaseen Aseel , Abbad Aseel , Al‐Lawama Manar , Khdair Ahmad Fareed , Al‐ Momani Hashem , Salim Omari Mohammad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal atresia is a developmental disorder in which the upper and lower esophagus fail to connect. It has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 2,500–4,500 live births and has poorer outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries than in high‐income countries. This study focused on the disorder’s epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality in Jordan to address the lack of data regarding esophageal atresia in this country.MethodsThis was a retrospective study covering a 16‐year period at a tertiary care academic hospital. Data were extracted from archived medical records and operative notes. All patients who had complete congenital esophageal atresia data were included. In total, the records of 55 patients were analyzed.ResultsOf the included patients, 9% were diagnosed prenatally and 47% were diagnosed with polyhydramnios. The mean gestational age was 37 weeks, the mean birthweight was 2,550 g, and 60% of patients were male. Isolated cases of esophageal atresia were reported in 58.2% of patients. There was a high rate of associated congenital anomalies (41.8%), with cardiac lesions the most common (20%), and 5.5% were syndromic. Parental consanguinity was found in 18.2% of patients. Postoperative surgical‐related morbidities included stricture (18/24; 75%) and leakage (5/24; 20.8%). Fistula recurrence occurred in one patient (4.2%). The mortality rate was 12.8%.ConclusionEsophageal atresia causes a high rate of mortality and exhibits post‐operative morbidities. Moreover, associated anomalies were frequently observed. A high level of the malformation was found among offspring from consanguineous marriages.
Suppression of autumnal sexual morph production in spring by a seasonal timer in an aphid
Authors: Matsuda Naoki , Kanbe Takashi , Endo Jun , Akimoto Shin‐Ichi , Numata Hideharu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotoperiod is the major seasonal cue for phenotypic plasticity in the regulation of development and reproduction. Aphids have a peculiar mechanism in which sensitivity to the photoperiod is lost for a few months through successive generations after hatching from diapause eggs, and therefore, the mechanism responsible for the photorefractory period is termed “a seasonal timer”. However, whether the seasonal timer has adaptive significance has never been investigated. Here, we show that the photorefractory generation avoids an unseasonal sexual morph production under short days in spring in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). When the seasonal timer operated, the overwintered generation, stem mothers, produced only parthenogenetic progenies under natural photoperiods and temperatures in both warm and cold springs. After repeated parthenogenesis following diapause, however, aphids with an expired seasonal timer produced sexual females and males typical of autumn under natural photoperiods and temperatures in a warm spring. These sexual morphs are thought to have a reproductive disadvantage compared to parthenogenetic morphs in the following summer. We thus conclude that the seasonal timer is adaptive for avoiding sexual morph production in spring. The present study shows, for the first time, that a photorefractory period lasting over generations is a trait of ecological importance.
Effect of sex, age and morphological traits on tethered flight of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) at different temperatures
Authors: Makumbe Louisa D. M. , Moropa Thabang P. , Manrakhan Aruna , Weldon Christopher W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a pest of fruit and vegetable production that has become established in 42 countries in Africa after its first detection in 2003 in Kenya. It is likely that this rapid expansion is partly due to the reported strong capacity for flight by the pest. This study investigated the tethered flight performance of B. dorsalis over a range of constant temperatures in relation to sex and age. Tethered flight of unmated B. dorsalis aged 3, 10 and 21 days was recorded for 1 h using a computerized flight mill at temperatures of 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 °C. Variations in fly morphology were observed as they aged. Body mass and wing loading increased with age, whereas wing length and wing area reduced as flies aged. Females had slightly larger wings than males but were not significantly heavier. The longest total distance flown by B. dorsalis in 1 h was 1559.58 m. Frequent short, fast flights were recorded at 12 and 36 °C, but long‐distance flight was optimal between 20 and 24 °C. Young flies tended to have shorter flight bouts than older flies, which was associated with them flying shorter distances. Heavier flies with greater wing loading flew further than lighter flies. Flight distances recorded on flight mills approximated those recorded in the field, and tethered flight patterns suggest a need to factor temperature into the interpretation of trap captures.
The immune microenvironment in typical carcinoid lung tumour, a brief report of four cases
Authors: Stankovic Branislava , Aamodt Henrik , Bjørhovde Heidi Anine Korsmo , Müller Elisabeth , Hammarström Clara , Brustugun Odd Terje , Helland Åslaug , Øynebråten Inger , Corthay Alexandre 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPulmonary typical carcinoid (TC) is a low‐grade, rare lung cancer of neuroendocrine origin. Currently, there is very little information available about the immune cell composition in TC tumours. Here, we analysed by flow cytometry resected tumours from four never‐smoker female patients with TC. Twelve distinct immune cell types were identified in TC tumours. The most abundant immune cells were CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells and macrophages, which represented 19.8%, 17.7%, 11.5% and 11% of all tumour‐infiltrating CD45+ leucocytes, respectively. Natural killer (NK) cells (8.8%) and neutrophils (3.9%) were also common. Three types of dendritic cells (DCs) were identified (plasmacytoid DCs, CD1c DCs, and CD141 DCs) which together constituted 1.4% of all immune cells in TC tumours. Small populations of basophils (1.2%), mast cells (0.8%) and eosinophils (0.6%) were also present. Notably, the percentage of leucocytes (of all living cells) was much lower in TC tumours compared to high‐grade non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours and also compared to non‐cancerous lung tissue. We conclude that TC tumours are relatively non‐inflammatory, although the immune landscape was found to be very complex.
‘A Woman in Charge of a Farm’: French Women Farmers Challenge Hegemonic Femininity
Authors: Annes Alexis , Wright Wynne , Larkins Michelle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing data derived from a study focusing on women in southwest France who performed value‐added agriculture, we question to what extent women’s involvement in a male‐dominated occupation, such as farming, provides a context for them to resist normative expectations of hegemonic femininity and to perform alternative forms of femininity. Our findings demonstrate that hegemonic femininity is being challenged and alternative femininities are emerging. Data show both examples of challenges to and compliances with hegemonic femininity. Consequently, we argue that value‐added agriculture might create a space to construct alternative femininities by relying upon the commodification of traditional gender roles and recognising the importance of skills such as farm management, commercialisation and marketing strategies. However, the emergence of alternative femininities, as well as the degree to which these forms of femininity depart from hegemonic femininity, might be contingent upon different interrelated factors such as age, marital status, and farm background. These findings indicate that rural femininity can take different forms and stress the importance of querying gender differences among women themselves in order to accurately portray changing gender dynamics in agriculture.