bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recyclable and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnFe2O4/ZnO for Wastewater Treatment and Disinfection
Authors: Maynez‐Navarro Oscar D. , Mendez‐Rojas Miguel A. , Flores‐Cervantes Deborah X. , Kuri Ulises Salazar , Sanchez‐Salas Jose L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, the magnetic and photocatalytic ZnFe2O4/ZnO, at two different ratios (1 : 1 and 1 : 8), have been prepared via a simple one‐step method. Characterization of the nanocomposite was performed using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) isotherm. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by monitoring the photodegradation of methylene blue and the photo‐assisted bleaching of p‐nitrosodimethylaniline, under UV365nm irradiation. The photocatalytic performance is related to the amount of ZnO on the composite. Therefore, using ZnFe2O4/ZnO at 1 : 8 ratio (0.1 mg mL−1), efficiency of 80 % was achieved after 120 min. The material can be recovered magnetically and reused for at least three consecutive cycles without losing their activity. Water disinfection performance was also determined by measuring E. coli inactivation. Remarkably, ZnFe2O4/ZnO at 1 : 8 (0.1 mg mL−1) proved to be more effective for bacterial inactivation than ZnO alone, with an inactivation performance of 90 % after 15 min. Interestingly, these composites can be used as highly efficient photocatalysts for wastewater treatment and water disinfection, and are magnetically separable and reusable.
Distress tolerance among emergency department patients in acute pain: Associations with substance use treatment
Authors: Pacella‐LaBarbara Maria L. , Maltese Caroline , McConaghy Madelyn , Porter James , Young Michael L. , Suffoletto Brian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractManaging acute pain in individuals with a history of substance use disorders (SUD) is complex. Distress tolerance (DT) (e.g., the ability to handle uncomfortable sensations) may serve as an ideal non‐pharmacological intervention target in this population. Among 293 emergency department (ED) patients seeking treatment for pain (Mage = 41; 42% Female; 43% Black), we examined rates of SUD treatment and DT, whether an objective DT task is feasible to conduct in the ED, and relationships between DT and SUD. Patients completed a self‐report DT survey, an objective DT task, and brief surveys of pain, drug use, current or past SUD treatment, and depression/anxiety. Average DT was 18.50 (SD = 9.4) out of 50; patients with past or current SUD treatment (n = 43; 14.7%) reported lower DT than patients with no SUD treatment history (n = 250; 85.3%). Controlling for demographics, depression/anxiety, and pain severity, lower subjective DT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.05) and objective DT (aOR = 1.02) was associated a current or past history or SUD treatment. Assessing subjective and objective DT in ED patients with acute pain is feasible; interventions aimed at boosting DT may improve outcomes among patients with acute pain and SUD.
Carbon Dots‐Decorated Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Catalysts for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Huang Danlian , Chen Yashi , Cheng Min , Lei Lei , Chen Sha , Wang Wenjun , Liu Xigui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the past ten years, carbon dots‐decorated, carbon‐based, metal‐free catalysts (CDs‐C‐MFCs) have become the fastest‐growing branch in the metal‐free materials for energy storage field. However, the further development of CDs‐C‐MFCs needs to clear up the electronic transmission mechanism rather than primarily relying on trial‐and‐error approaches. This review presents systematically and comprehensively for the first time the latest advances of CDs‐C‐MFCs in supercapacitors and metal–air batteries. The structure–performance relationship of these materials is carefully discussed. It is indicated that carbon dots (CDs) can act as the electron‐rich regions in CDs‐C‐MFCs owing to their unique properties, such as quantum confinement effects, abundant defects, countless functional groups, etc. More importantly, specific doping can effectively modify the charge/spin distribution and then facilitate electron transfer. In addition, present challenges and future prospects of the CDs‐C‐MFCs are also given.
Recent Progress and Challenges in the Optimization of Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Pei Cunyuan , Xiong Fangyu , Yin Yameng , Liu Ziang , Tang Han , Sun Ruimin , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been regarded as one of the promising electrochemical energy storage systems to complement Li‐ion batteries owing to the low‐cost and high safety characteristics. However, the various challenges including the sluggish solid‐state diffusion of highly polarizing Mg2+ ions in hosts, and the formation of blocking layers on Mg metal surface have seriously impeded the development of high‐performance RMBs. In order to solve these problems toward practical applications of RMBs, a tremendous amount of work on electrodes and electrolytes has been conducted in the last few decades. Creative optimization strategies including the modification of cathodes and anodes such as shielding the charges of divalent Mg2+, expanding the layers of host materials, and optimizing the interface of electrode–electrolyte are raised to promote the technology. In this review, the detailed description of innovative approaches, representative examples, and facing challenges for developing high‐performance electrodes are presented. Based on the review of these strategies, guidelines are provided for future research directions on improving the overall battery performance, especially on the electrodes.
Mechanical Processing of Naturally Bent Organic Crystalline Microoptical Waveguides and Junctions
Authors: Vinay Pradeep Vuppu , Tardío Carlos , Torres‐Moya Iván , Rodríguez Ana M. , Vinod Kumar Avulu , Annadhasan Mari , de la Hoz Antonio , Prieto Pilar , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrecise mechanical processing of optical microcrystals involves complex microscale operations viz. moving, bending, lifting, and cutting of crystals. Some of these mechanical operations can be implemented by applying mechanical force at specific points of the crystal to fabricate advanced crystalline optical junctions. Mechanically compliant flexible optical crystals are ideal candidates for the designing of such microoptical junctions. A vapor‐phase growth of naturally bent optical waveguiding crystals of 1,4‐bis(2‐cyanophenylethynyl)benzene (1) on a surface forming different optical junctions is presented. In the solid‐state, molecule 1 interacts with its neighbors via CH⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking. The microcrystals deposited at a glass surface exhibit moderate flexibility due to substantial surface adherence energy. The obtained network crystals also display mechanical compliance when cut precisely with sharp atomic force microscope cantilever tip, making them ideal candidates for building innovative T‐ and Δ‐shaped optical junctions with multiple outputs. The presented micromechanical processing technique can also be effectively used as a tool to fabricate single‐crystal integrated photonic devices and circuits on suitable substrates.
Syntheses and Transformations of Sulfoximines
Authors: Zheng Wenting , Chen Xianlie , Chen Feng , He Ze , Zeng Qingle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSulfoximines are widely used as medicines, agricultural chemicals, chiral precursors, and chiral ligands in asymmetric synthesis, as well as pivotal intermediates for the construction of heterocyclic compounds. NH‐sulfoximines may be synthesized from thioethers, sulfoxides, sulfilimines, and sulfinamides. NH‐sulfoximines can undergo various transformations, such as arylations, alkylations, vinylations, and alkynylations. Here, we review the methods that have been applied to the syntheses and transformations of NH‐sulfoximines.
ALiberatingEducation: Integrating Funds of Knowledge and Disciplinary Knowledge to Create Tools for Students' Lives
Authors: Castillo‐Montoya Milagros , Ives Jillian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses three important pedagogical strategies: integrating students’ funds of knowledge throughout the learning process; exposing students to dominant and critical disciplinary knowledge; and envisioning academic content as a tool supporting students’ self‐growth, contributions to community/society, and potential contributions to the field/discipline.
Tunnel Diameter as a Noninvasive Method of Detecting Pocket Gopher (Geomyidae) Occupancy
Authors: Brito Brittany T. , Sanchez Jahshua F. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTChallenges in monitoring rare and elusive species often involve low detection and sampling success. Noninvasive methods have allowed researchers to more efficiently monitor rare and elusive species while reducing costs of more invasive, traditional techniques. We evaluated the use of a noninvasive method as an alternative to live‐trapping pocket gophers. We found that tunnel diameter can be used to help distinguish between occupancy by the Wyoming pocket gopher (Thomomys clusius; a species of conservation concern) and its more abundant and widespread congener, the northern pocket gopher (T. talpoides). Our method reduces reliance on more invasive methods of monitoring occupancy (i.e., live‐ or kill‐trapping) for co‐occurring pocket gopher species, and likely can be extended to survey for other species of fossorial mammals. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Projekt- und Teamarbeit in der digitalisierten Arbeitswelt
Authors: Mütze-Niewöhner Susanne , Latniak Erich , Hardwig Thomas , Nicklich Manuel , Hacker Winfried , Harlacher Markus , Pietrzyk Ulrike , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungProjekt- und Teamarbeit sind in der betrieblichen Praxis etabliert und bestimmen die Arbeits- und Belastungssituation vieler Beschäftigter. Als Formen kooperativer und flexibler Arbeitsorganisation besitzen sie durchaus Potenziale, die Herausforderungen dynamischer und komplexer Arbeitswelten zu bewältigen. Mit den technologischen, marktökonomischen und gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen ändern sich allerdings auch die Bedingungen, unter denen Projekt- und Teamarbeit heute stattfindet. Im Beitrag werden einige wesentliche Entwicklungslinien von Projekt- und Teamarbeit skizziert, um darauf aufbauend zentrale Herausforderungen zu benennen, vor denen die Arbeitsgestaltung heute steht. Diese Herausforderungen waren Gegenstand der Forschung einer themenspezifischen Schwerpunktgruppe im BMBF-Förderschwerpunkt „Arbeit in der digitalisierten Welt“. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem Überblick über den Sammelband, der die Ergebnisse dieser Schwerpunktgruppe bündelt.
Das Arbeiten mit Kollaborationsplattformen – Neue Anforderungen an die Arbeitsgestaltung und interessenpolitische Regulierung
Authors: Hardwig Thomas , Weißmann Marliese 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags stehen die Herausforderungen an die Arbeitsgestaltung und an die interessenpolitische Regulierung, die den Unternehmen durch den aktuellen Boom der Verbreitung von Kollaborationsplattformen gestellt werden. Im Beitrag wird der spezifische Bedarf an Arbeitsgestaltung und betrieblicher Regulierung der Arbeit mit Kollaborationsplattformen herausgearbeitet. Zunächst zeigen wir fünf wesentliche Charakteristika von Kollaborationsplattformen auf, die sie von früheren Formen der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien für Teams und Projekte unterscheidet. Wir arbeiten diese Differenzen heraus und verdeutlichen sowohl die Chancen als auch die Risiken bei der Einführung und Nutzung von Kollaborationsplattformen. Auf dieser Grundlage stellen wir sieben Gestaltungsdimensionen für die Arbeit mit Kollaborationsplattformen vor, die jeweils zwischen zwei Extrempolen einen Gestaltungsspielraum für unternehmensspezifische Lösungen eröffnen. Je nach betrieblichen Bedingungen und Bedarf müssen die betrieblichen Akteure ihre Gestaltungsziele aushandeln und festlegen. Weiterhin diskutieren wir die interessenpolitische Regulierung der Arbeit mit Kollaborationsplattformen und geben fünf Empfehlungen für die Arbeitsgestaltung.
Mindset für Zeit- und Handlungsspielraum: Handlungsempfehlungen für Führungskräfte virtueller Teams
Authors: Mander Rebekka , Müller Frank , Hellert Ulrike 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Kontext digitaler Strukturen ergeben sich häufig große Handlungsspielräume und ein hoher Grad an selbstbestimmter Zeiteinteilung. Führungskräfte haben dadurch weniger Möglichkeiten zur Einflussnahme, um die Zielerreichung sicherzustellen. Es entsteht z. B. leicht Unsicherheit über die Arbeitsweise sowie die Arbeitslast, da in virtuellen Strukturen viele Informationen nicht sichtbar sind. Dieser Beitrag soll klären, wie Führungskräfte dieser speziellen Herausforderung begegnen können. Im Rahmen einer Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse mit n = 27 Teilnehmenden aus der IT-Branche wurden Interviews hinsichtlich der Zeitkompetenz von Beschäftigten und Führungskräften ausgewertet. Führungskräfte in virtuellen Strukturen können Vertrauen nutzen, um Zeit- und Handlungsspielräume zielführend einzusetzen. Zudem sollten sie für einen verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit Überlast sensibilisiert werden. Dabei können Führungskräfte sich an Indikatoren für psychische Beanspruchung orientieren, um die Auslastung ihrer Mitarbeitenden einzuschätzen. Es wird beschrieben, wie Ressourcen aufgebaut werden können, um die Arbeitszeit bei virtueller Führung optimal zu gestalten.
Auf der Suche nach dem digitalen Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Hardwig Thomas , Weißmann Marliese 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund der Ausbreitung verteilter und netzwerkartiger Formen der Team- und Projektarbeit gewinnen kollaborative Anwendungen für Unternehmen an Bedeutung. Kollaborationsplattformen integrieren vielfältige Anwendungen für die raum- und zeitunabhängige Zusammenarbeit an einem virtuellen Ort im Netz. Der Beitrag zeichnet die Such-, Lern- und Entwicklungsprozesse von drei Unternehmen nach, die auf der Suche nach dem digitalen Arbeitsplatz über drei Jahre begleitet wurden. Er zeigt, dass die komplexen Wechselbeziehungen zwischen sozialen, organisatorischen und technischen Einflüssen in der Nutzung kaum zu antizipieren sind. Vorgehen werden vielmehr immer wieder überdacht, abgewandelt oder gar abgebrochen, insofern lässt sich die Suche nach dem digitalen Arbeitsplatz für die Organisation und das Arbeiten als ein vielgestaltiger Such- und Entwicklungsprozess fassen. Diese komplexen Anforderungen lassen sich durch ein iteratives, agiles Vorgehen bewältigen. Dabei sind zentrale Themen die Klärung der neuen Formen der Zusammenarbeit, die Regelungen der Einsatzwecke der Kollaborationsplattformen sowie der Aufbau verteilter Kompetenz zur Arbeitsgestaltung.
All-plus helicity off-shell gauge invariant multigluon amplitudes at one loop
Authors: Blanco Etienne , van Hameren Andreas , Kotko Piotr , Kutak Krzysztof 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We calculate one loop scattering amplitudes for arbitrary number of positive helicity on-shell gluons and one off-shell gluon treated within the quasi-multi Regge kinematics. The result is fully gauge invariant and possesses the correct on-shell limit. Our method is based on embedding the off-shell process, together with contributions needed to retain gauge invariance, in a bigger fully on-shell process with auxiliary quark or gluon line.
Excited state Rényi entropy and subsystem distance in two-dimensional non-compact bosonic theory. Part I. Single-particle states
Authors: Zhang Jiaju , Rajabpour M.A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigate the Rényi entropy of the excited states produced by the current and its derivatives in the two-dimensional free massless non-compact bosonic theory, which is a two-dimensional conformal field theory. We also study the subsystem Schatten distance between these states. The two-dimensional free massless non-compact bosonic theory is the continuum limit of the finite periodic gapless harmonic chains with the local interactions. We identify the excited states produced by current and its derivatives in the massless bosonic theory as the single-particle excited states in the gapless harmonic chain. We calculate analytically the second Rényi entropy and the second Schatten distance in the massless bosonic theory. We then use the wave functions of the excited states and calculate the second Rényi entropy and the second Schatten distance in the gapless limit of the harmonic chain, which match perfectly with the analytical results in the massless bosonic theory. We verify that in the large momentum limit the single-particle state Rényi entropy takes a universal form. We also show that in the limit of large momenta and large momentum difference the subsystem Schatten distance takes a universal form but it is replaced by a new corrected form when the momentum difference is small. Finally we also comment on the mutual Rényi entropy of two disjoint intervals in the excited states of the two-dimensional free non-compact bosonic theory.
Scattering amplitudes and the double copy in topologically massive theories
Authors: Moynihan Nathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using the principles of the modern scattering amplitudes programme, we develop a formalism for constructing the amplitudes of three-dimensional topologically massive gauge theories and gravity. Inspired by recent developments in four dimensions, we construct the three-dimensional equivalent of x-variables, first defined in [1], for conserved matter currents coupled to topologically massive gauge bosons or gravitons. Using these, we bootstrap various matter-coupled gauge-theory and gravitational scattering amplitudes, and conjecture that topologically massive gauge theory and topologically massive gravity are related by the double copy. To motivate this idea further, we show explicitly that the Landau gauge propagator on the gauge theory side double copies to the de Donder gauge propagator on the gravity side.
Cyclic-Homology Chern–Weil Theory for Families of Principal Coactions
Authors: Hajac Piotr M. , Maszczyk Tomasz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractViewing the space of cotraces in the structural coalgebra of a principal coaction as a noncommutative counterpart of the classical Cartan model, we construct the cyclic-homology Chern–Weil homomorphism. To realize the thus constructed Chern–Weil homomorphism as a Cartan model of the homomorphism tautologically induced by the classifying map on cohomology, we replace the unital subalgebra of coaction-invariants by its natural H-unital nilpotent extension (row extension). Although the row-extension algebra provides a drastically different model of the cyclic object, we prove that, for any row extension of any unital algebra over a commutative ring, the row-extension Hochschild complex and the usual Hochschild complex are chain homotopy equivalent. It is the discovery of an explicit homotopy formula that allows us to improve the homological quasi-isomorphism arguments of Loday and Wodzicki. We work with families of principal coactions, and instantiate our noncommutative Chern–Weil theory by computing the cotrace space and analyzing a dimension-drop-like effect in the spirit of Feng and Tsygan for the quantum-deformation family of the standard quantum Hopf fibrations.
Increasing connectivity enhances habitat specialists but simplifies plant–insect food webs
Authors: Batáry Péter , Rösch Verena , Dormann Carsten F. , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStrong declines of grassland species diversity in small and isolated grassland patches have been observed at local and landscape scales. Here, we study how plant–herbivore interaction webs and habitat specialisation of leafhopper communities change with the size of calcareous grassland fragments and landscape connectivity. We surveyed leafhoppers and plants on 14 small (0.1–0.6 ha) and 14 large (1.2–8.8 ha) semi-natural calcareous grassland fragments in Central Germany, differing in isolation from other calcareous grasslands and in the percentage of arable land in the surrounding landscape (from simple to complex landscapes). We quantified weighted trophic links between plants and their phytophagous leafhoppers for each grassland fragment. We found that large and well-connected grassland fragments harboured a high portion of specialist leafhopper species, which in turn yielded low interaction diversity and simple plant-leafhopper food webs. In contrast, small and well-connected fragments exhibited high levels of generalism, leading to higher interaction diversity. In conclusion, food web complexity appeared to be a poor indicator for the management of insect diversity, as it is driven by specialist species, which require high connectivity of large fragments in complex landscapes. We conclude that habitat specialists should be prioritized since generalist species associated with small fragments are also widespread in the surrounding landscape matrix.
MicroRNA: An Emerging Predictive, Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Strategy in Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Kadir Rais Reskiawan A. , Alwjwaj Mansour , Bayraktutan Ulvi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStroke continues to be the third-leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The limited availability of diagnostic tools approved therapeutics and biomarkers that help monitor disease progression or predict future events remain as the major challenges in the field of stroke medicine. Hence, attempts to discover safe and efficacious therapeutics and reliable biomarkers are of paramount importance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in regulating gene expression. Since miRNAs also play important roles in key mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of stroke, including energy failure, inflammation and cell death, it is possible that miRNAs may serve as reliable blood-based markers for risk prediction, diagnosis and prognosis of ischaemic stroke. Discovery of better neurological outcome and smaller cerebral infarcts in animal models of ischaemic stroke treated with miRNA agomirs or antagomirs indicate that miRNAs may also play a cerebrovascular protective role after an ischaemic stroke. Nonetheless, further evidences on the optimum time for treatment and route of administration are required before effective translation of these findings into clinical practice. Bearing these in mind, this paper reviews the current literature discussing the involvement of miRNAs in major pathologies associated with ischaemic stroke and evaluates their value as reliable biomarkers and therapeutics for ischaemic stroke.
Assessing Short-Term Fertility Intentions and Their Realisation Using the Generations and Gender Survey: Pitfalls and Challenges
Authors: Brzozowska Zuzanna , Beaujouan Eva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of fertility intention questions to study individual childbearing behaviour has developed rapidly in recent decades. In Europe, the Generations and Gender Surveys are the main sources of cross-national data on fertility intentions and their realisation. This study investigates how an inconsistent implementation of a question about wanting a child now affects the cross-country comparability of intentions to have a child within the next three years and their realisation. We conduct our analysis separately for women and men at prime and late reproductive ages in Austria, France, Italy and Poland. The results show that the overall share of respondents intending to have a child at some point in their life is similar in all four analysed countries. However, once the time horizon and the degree of certainty of fertility intentions are included, substantial cross-country differences appear, particularly in terms of proceptive behaviour and, consequently, the realisation of fertility intentions. We conclude that the inconsistent questionnaire adaptation makes it very difficult to assess the role of country context in the realisation of childbearing intentions.