bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Supervised and Telehealth Delivery of Worksite Exercise for Prevention of Low Back Pain in Firefighters
Authors: Mayer John M. , Lane Charity L. , Brady O’Dane , Chen Henian , Lu Yuanyuan , Johnson Brittany V.B. , Dagenais Simon 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
This study assessed worksite exercise delivered by on-site supervision (supervised) or telehealth to reduce lost work time (LWT) related to low back pain (LBP) in firefighters.

Methods:
A cluster randomized controlled trial assigned 264 career firefighters to supervised (n = 86) or telehealth (n = 95) back and core exercises 2×/week for 12 months, or control (n = 83).

Results:
58.0% (153/264) of participants reported LBP and 7.6% (20/264) reported LWT related to LBP (control n = 10, supervised n = 5, telehealth n = 5). Participants in the control group experienced 1.15 times as many hours of LWT as the supervised group, and 5.51 times as many hours of LWT as the telehealth group.

Conclusions:
Worksite exercise, delivered by on-site supervision or telehealth, can reduce LWT related to LBP in career firefighters.
The Impact of Shift Work and Long Work Hours on Employers’ Health Care Costs
Authors: McHugh Megan , French Dustin D. , Kwasny Mary M. , Maechling Claude R. , Holl Jane L. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To estimate the additional health care costs incurred by two U.S. manufacturing companies due to their policies related to shift work and long work hours.

Methods:
We applied risk ratios from the published literature to data on 2647 workers from Company A and 1346 workers from Company B to estimate the excess cases of several chronic conditions in the worker population due to shift work and long work hours. We estimated the annual health care costs incurred by the companies by applying Medicare cost data.

Results:
Excess annual health care costs related to shift work totaled $1,394,365 and $300,297 for Companies A and B, respectively. Excess annual costs related to long work hours totaled $231,293 and $107,902 for Companies A and B, respectively.

Conclusions:
Excess health care costs related to shift work and long work hours is substantial, but may not be large enough to compel companies to alter their work scheduling policies.
Decreased 68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 renal uptake in patients pretreated with Gelofusine infusion: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Luo Yaping , Pan Qingqing , Li Fang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor imaging, using 68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 is recently established for detecting insulinomas. Owing to the highly radioactive kidneys in 68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of Gelofusine in reducing renal uptake of 68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4.

Methods:
In our randomized controlled study, patients presenting for 68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 PET/CT who were ≥18 years and with normal renal function were enrolled, and then randomized into intervention group and control group. Patients in intervention group (group 1) underwent infusion of 500 mL Gelofusine prior to PET/CT procedures: patients injected with 68Ga-NOTA-exendin-4 (group 1a) immediately after 500 mL Gelofusine infusion was completed; (group 1b) at the time point that 250 to 300 mL Gelofusine infusion was completed; (group 1c) 30 minutes after completion of 500 mL Gelofusine infusion. The control group (group 2) received 500 mL 5% glucose saline instead. PET/CT was then performed, and SUVs of the kidneys and insulinomas were measured.

Results:
A total of 28 patients were recruited. There were 7 patients (14 kidneys) in each subgroup. The age, body weight, BMI, renal function, injected 68Ga-exendin-4 activity, and interval between injection of the tracer and PET/CT scan were not significantly different among the groups (P > .05). The average and maximum SUVs in the kidneys were significantly reduced in patients of intervention group compared with the control subjects (P < .0001), and the renal uptake could be decreased by 57% with Gelofusine pretreatment. No significant difference in the renal radioactivity was found among group 1a, 1b, and 1c (P = .071). The uptake of insulinomas was not significantly different between the intervention and control groups.

Conclusion:
Renal uptake of 68Ga-exendin-4 can be effectively reduced by pretreatment with Gelofusine.
Comparison of four posterior approaches of the ankle: A cadaveric study
Authors: Mitsuzawa Sadaki , Takeuchi Hisataka , Ando Maki , Sakazaki Taiki , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to provide a detailed comparison of 4 posterior approaches of the ankle: the posteromedial, modified posteromedial (mPM), Achilles tendon-splitting (TS), and posterolateral approaches.

Methods:
Cadaveric dissections were performed to assess the influence of the medial and lateral retraction forces on the neuro-vascular bundle with suspension scales and to measure the medial and lateral exposed areas of the posterior tibia and talus. Data was acquired with the ankle in neutral position and in plantar flexion.

Results:
Both the mPM and TS approaches provided excellent visualization of the posterior tibia with the ankle in plantar flexion (16.6 cm2 and 16.2 cm2, respectively). The medial aspect of the posterior tibia, however, was significantly better exposed in the mPM approach than in the TS approach with the ankle in neutral position (8.9 cm2 vs 6.5 cm2). The lower value for medial retraction force in the mPM approach (1.9 N in neutral position and 0.9 N in plantar flexion) indicated a lower risk of injury to the neuro-vascular bundle (the tibial nerve and the posterior tibial artery). The posterior talus, however, is best visualized through the TS approach with the ankle in neutral position (4.5 cm2).

Conclusions:
The current study demonstrated the usefulness of the mPM approach. When internal fixation of the fibula is unnecessary, the mPM approach is preferable, considering the potential damage to the Achilles tendon associated with the TS approach.
William F. Hoyt's Role in Identifying the Pathogenesis of Duane Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Miller Neil R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
For many years, it was unclear whether Duane retraction syndrome was a myopathic or neuropathic condition. This article describes the direct and indirect contributions of William F. Hoyt, MD, to the eventual determination that the condition is caused by a congenital absence of the sixth nerve combined with innervation of the lateral rectus muscle by branches of the third nerve.
William F. Hoyt: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Sadun Alfredo A. , Karanjia Rustum 
Published: August 2020

Abstract:
William Hoyt, MD, was one of the great men in the history of neuro-ophthalmology. He was a towering figure who influenced the field in all the ways one can. He did basic science. He did clinical science. He published an extraordinary number of seminal articles. He wrote the most important textbook in the field. He gave impetus to our neuro-ophthalmological societies and awards. However, he would insist that what he be most remembered for, was his inspired teaching of his many fellows. They carry on his legacy and influence.
The characteristics of multi-source mobility datasets and how they reveal the luxury nature of social distancing in the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Huang Xiao , Li Zhenlong , Jiang Yuqin , Ye Xinyue , Deng Chengbin , Zhang Jiajia , Li Xiaoming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study reveals the human mobility from various sources and the luxury nature of social distancing in the U.S during the COVID-19 pandemic by highlighting the disparities in mobility dynamics from lower-income and upper-income counties. We collect, process, and compute mobility data from four sources: 1) Apple mobility trend reports, 2) Google community mobility reports, 3) mobility data from Descartes Labs, and 4) Twitter mobility calculated via weighted distance. We further design a Responsive Index (RI) based on the time series of mobility change percentages to quantify the general degree of mobility-based responsiveness to COVID-19 at the U.S. county level. We find statistically significant positive correlations in theRIbetween either two data sources, revealing their general similarity, albeit with varying Pearson’srcoefficients. Despite the similarity, however, mobility from each source presents unique and even contrasting characteristics, in part demonstrating the multifaceted nature of human mobility. The positive correlation betweenRIand income at the county level is significant in all mobility datasets, suggesting that counties with higher income tend to react more aggressively in terms of reducing more mobility in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most states present a positive difference inRIbetween their upper-income and lower-income counties, where diverging patterns in time series of mobility changes percentages can be found. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that cross-compares multi-source mobility datasets. The findings shed light on not only the characteristics of multi-source mobility data but also the mobility patterns in tandem with the economic disparity.HighlightsHuman mobility data provide valuable insight into how we adjust our travel behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.Human mobility records from Descartes Labs, Apple, Google, and Twitter are compared.Multi-source mobility datasets well capture the general impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in the U.S. but present unique and even contrasting characteristicsThe proposed responsive index quantifies the level of mobility-based reaction in response to the COVID-19 pandemicAll selected mobility datasets suggest a statistically significant positive correlation between the responsive index and median income at the U.S. county level.
Genetic landscape of rare autoinflammatory disease variants in Qatar and Middle Eastern populations through the integration of whole-genome and exome datasets
Authors: Sharma Parul , Jain Abhinav , Scaria Vinod 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRare monogenic autoinflammatory diseases are a group of recurrent inflammatory genetic disorders caused due to genetic variants in over 37 genes. While a number of these disorders have been identified and reported from the Middle Eastern populations, the carrier frequency of these genetic variants in the Middle Eastern populations is not known. The availability of whole-genome and exome datasets of over a thousand individuals from Qatar persuaded us to explore the genetic epidemiology of rare autoinflammatory genetic variants. We have systematically analyzed genetic variants in genome-scale datasets from Qatar with a compendium of variants associated with autoinflammatory diseases. The variants were systematically reclassified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines for interpretation of variant pathogenicity. Our analysis identified 7 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants with significant differences in their allele frequencies compared to the global population. The cumulative carrier frequency of these variants was found to be 2.58%. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that 5 genes implicated in rare autoinflammatory diseases were under natural selection. To our best knowledge, this is the first and comprehensive study on the population-scale analysis and genetic epidemiology for genetic variants causing rare autoinflammatory disease in Middle Eastern populations.
High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in care homes affected by COVID-19; prospective cohort study, England
Authors: Ladhani Shamez N , Jeffery-Smith Anna , Patel Monika , Janarthanan Roshni , Fok Jonathan , Crawley-Boevey Emma , Vusirikala Amoolya , Fernandez Elena , Perez Marina Sanchez , Tang Suzanne , Dun-Campbell Kate , Wynne-Evans Edward , Bell Anita , Patel Bharat , Amin-Chowdhury Zahin , Aiano Felicity , Paranthaman Karthik , Ma Thomas , Saavedra-Campos Maria , Ellis Joanna , Chand Meera , Brown Kevin , Ramsay Mary E , Hopkins Susan , Shetty Nandini , Chow J. Yimmy , Gopal Robin , Zambon Maria 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe investigated six London care homes experiencing a COVID-19 outbreak and found very high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents and staff. Here we report follow-up serological analysis in these care homes five weeks later.MethodsResidents and staff had a convalescent blood sample for SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and neutralising antibodies by SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR five weeks after the primary COVID-19 outbreak investigation.ResultsOf the 518 residents and staff in the initial investigation, 208/241 (86.3%) surviving residents and 186/254 (73.2%) staff underwent serological testing. Almost all SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive residents and staff were antibody positive five weeks later, whether symptomatic (residents 35/35, 100%; staff, 22/22, 100%) or asymptomatic (residents 32/33, 97.0%; staff 21/22, 95.1%). Symptomatic but SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR negative residents and staff also had high seropositivity rates (residents 23/27, 85.2%; staff 18/21, 85.7%), as did asymptomatic RT-PCR negative individuals (residents 62/92, 67.3%; staff 95/143, 66.4%). Neutralising antibody was present in 118/132 (89.4%) seropositive individuals and was not associated with age or symptoms. Ten residents (10/108, 9.3%) remained RT-PCR positive, but with lower RT-PCR cycle threshold values; all 7 tested were seropositive. New infections were detected in three residents and one staff member.ConclusionsRT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 significantly underestimates the true extent of an outbreak in institutional settings. Elderly frail residents and younger healthier staff were equally able to mount robust and neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2. More than two-thirds of residents and staff members had detectable antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 irrespective of their nasal swab RT-PCR positivity or symptoms status.
Extended SEIQR type model for COVID-19 epidemic and data analysis
Authors: Sharma Swarnali , Volpert Vitaly , Banerjee Malay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn extended SEIQR type model is considered in order to model the COVID-19 epidemic. It contains the classes of susceptible individuals, exposed, infected symptomatic and asymptomatic, quarantined, hospitalized and recovered. The basic reproduction number and the final size of epidemic are determined. The model is used to fit available data for some European countries. A more detailed model with two different subclasses of susceptible individuals is introduced in order to study the influence of social interaction on the disease progression. The coefficient of social interaction K characterizes the level of social contacts in comparison with complete lockdown (K = 0) and the absence of lockdown (K = 1). The fitting of data shows that the actual level of this coefficient in some European countries is about 0.1, characterizing a slow disease progression. A slight increase of this value in the autumn can lead to a strong epidemic burst.
Low awareness of past SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthy adults
Authors: van den Hurk Katja , Merz Eva-Maria , Prinsze Femmeke J. , Spekman Marloes L.C. , Quee Franke A. , Ramondt Steven , Slot Ed , Vrielink Hans , Huis in ’t Veld Elisabeth M.J. , Zaaijer Hans L. , Hogema Boris M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenges governments worldwide to balance appropriate virus control measures and their societal and economic consequences. These control measures include the identification, isolation and testing of potentially infected individuals. As this relies on an individual’s awareness of infection, we investigated the extent to which healthy adults suspected having had COVID-19, and how COVID-19 suspicion and symptoms relate to antibodies indicative of a past infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Methods and findingsFor this cross-sectional study, individuals donating plasma anywhere in the Netherlands between May 11th and 18th were screened for total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using ELISA and invited to participate in an online questionnaire about COVID-19-related symptoms and awareness. Antibody and questionnaire data were complete for 3,676 individuals, including 239 (6.5%) that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Here, we show that a 38% of the individuals that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reported having had no or only very mild symptoms at any time during the peak of the epidemic. The loss of taste and/or smell in particular was significantly associated with seropositivity, independent of age and sex. Forty-eight percent of antibody-positive persons did not suspect having had COVID-19, in spite of most of them reporting symptoms.ConclusionsAwareness of infection was low among individuals that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, even at the peak of the epidemic. Improved awareness and recognition of COVID-19 symptoms and tracing of asymptomatic contacts is crucial to halting SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
On the track of the D839Y mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike fusion peptide: emergence and geotemporal spread of a highly prevalent variant in Portugal
Authors: Borges Vítor , Isidro Joana , Cortes-Martins Helena , Duarte Sílvia , Vieira Luís , Leite Ricardo , Gordo Isabel , Caetano Constantino P. , Nunes Baltazar , Sá Regina , Oliveira Ana , Guiomar Raquel , Gomes João Paulo ,   Portuguese network for SARS-CoV-2 genomics
Published: August 2020

AbstractMutations in the Spike motif predicted to correspond to the fusion peptide are considered of interest as this domain is a potential target for anti-viral drug development that plays a pivotal role in inserting SARS-CoV-2 into human cell membranes. We tracked the temporal and geographical spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant with the Spike D839Y mutation in the fusion peptide, which was detected early during the COVID-19 epidemic in Portugal. We show that this variant was most likely imported from Italy in mid-late February 2020, becoming prevalent in the Northern and Central regions of Portugal, where represented 22% and 59% of the sampled genomes, respectively, until the end of April 2020. Based on our high sequencing sampling during the early epidemics [15,5% (1275/8251) and 6,0% (1500/24987) of all confirmed cases until the end of March and April, respectively)], we estimate that, between March 14th and April 9th (covering the exponential phase of the epidemic), the relative frequency of Spike Y839 variant increased at a rate of 12.1% (6.1%-18.2%, CI 95%) at every three days, being potentially associated with one in each four (20.8-29.7%, CI 95%) COVID-19 cases in Portugal during the same period. This observation places the Spike Y839 variant in the origin of the largest SARS-CoV-2 transmission chain during the first month of the COVID-19 epidemic in Portugal. We hypothesize that population/epidemiological effects (founder effects) and enhanced selective advantage might have concomitantly contributed to the increasing frequency trajectory of the Spike Y839 variant. Screening of the D839Y mutation globally confirmed its detection in 12 additional countries, even though the huge differences in genome sampling between countries hampers any accurate estimate of D839Y global frequency. In summary, our data points out that SARS-CoV-2 Spike Y839 variants, namely the descendent variant of the globally spread G614 variant detected in Portugal, need continuous and close surveillance.
Novel effector genes revealed by the genomic analysis of the phytopathogenic fungusFusarium oxysporumf. sp.physali(Foph) that infects cape gooseberry plants
Authors: Simbaqueba Jaime , Rodriguez Edwin A. , Burbano-David Diana , Gonzalez Carolina , Caro-Quintero Alejandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe vascular wilt disease caused by the fungusFusarium oxysporumf. sp.physali(Foph) is one of the most limiting factors for the production and export of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) in Colombia. A previous study of the transcriptomic profile of a highly virulent strain ofF. oxysporumin cape gooseberry plants, from a collection of 136 fungal isolates obtained from wilted cape gooseberry plants, revealed the presence of secreted in the xylem (SIX) effector genes, known to be involved in the pathogenicity of otherF. oxysporum formae speciales(ff. spp.). This pathogenic strain was namedFoph, due to its specificity for cape gooseberry hosts. Here, we sequenced the genome ofFoph, using the Illumina MiSeq platform. We analyzed the assembled genome, focusing on the confirmation of the presence of homologues of SIX effectors and the identification of novel candidates of effector genes unique ofFoph.By comparative and phylogenomic analyses based on single-copy orthologues, we identified thatFophis closely related toF. oxysporumff. spp., associated with solanaceous hosts. We confirmed the presence of highly identical homologous genomic regions betweenFophandFol, that contain effector genes and identified seven new effector gene candidates, specific toFophstrains. We also conducted a molecular characterization of a panel of 29F. oxysporumadditional stains associated to cape gooseberry crops isolated from different regions of Colombia. These results suggest the polyphyletic origin ofFophand the putative independent acquisition of new candidate effectors in different clades of related strains. The novel effector candidates identified by sequencing and analyzing the genome ofFoph, represent new sources involved in the interaction betweenFophand cape gooseberry. These resources could be implemented to develop appropriate management strategies of the wilt disease caused byFophin the cape gooseberry crop.
Induced drought strongly affects richness and composition of ground-dwelling ants in the eastern Amazon
Authors: Almeida Rony P.S. , Silva Rogério R. , da Costa Antonio C.L. , Ferreira Leandro V. , Meir Patrick , Ellison Aaron M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnvironmental change scenarios caused by low precipitation forecast species loss in tropical regions. We use one year of data from a long-term rainwater exclusion experiment in primary Amazonian rainforest to test whether induced water stress and covarying changes in soil moisture, soil respiration, tree species richness, diversity, size, and total biomass affected species richness and composition (relative abundance) of ground-dwelling ants. Induced drought reduced ant richness, whereas increased soil moisture and variability in tree biomass increased it. Species composition differed between control and rainfall-excluded plots. Occurrence of many ant species was strongly reduced by induced drought, but some generalist groups of ants were favored by it. The expected loss of ant species and changes in ant species composition in tropical forests likely will lead to cascading effects on ecosystem processes and the services they mediate.