bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earning investor trust: The role of past earnings management
Authors: Eugster Florian , Wagner Alexander F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDoes earnings management, even though legal, hinder investor trust in reported earnings? Or do investors regard earnings management as a way for firms to convey private information, or simply as a neutral feature of financial reporting? We find that past abstinence from earnings management increases investor responses to future earnings surprises. Importantly, this effect occurs in industries where investor trust has recently been violated, and where managers would in the past have had incentives and opportunities to misrepresent earnings. Overall, investors seem to interpret the extent to which management resists temptations for misreporting as a “litmus test” of trustworthiness.
The efficacy and acceptability of the Triple P: Positive Parenting Program with Turkish parents
Authors: Arkan Burcu , Güvenir Taner , Ralph Alan , Day Jamin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of Group Teen Triple P with parents who have behaviorally disturbed adolescents.MethodsThe research was conducted in an experimental manner. The sample was 76 parents who were grouped as 38 cases and 38 controls with a block randomization method. Data were collected using the Family Background Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐12), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), and Parent Satisfaction Questionnaire. Group Teen Triple P Program was implemented with the case group for 8 weeks. Data were collected immediately after the program and again after 3 months. Data were evaluated using variance analysis, t test, χ2 test, multivariate analysis of covariance, and analysis of covariance test.ResultsIt was found that participation in Group Teen Triple P resulted in the improvement of parental mental health, decreased problematic behavior of the adolescents, and fewer problems between adolescents and their parents.ConclusionGroup Teen Triple P should be made available to more parents of adolescents in Turkey.
Lymphatic lacunae of the human eye conjunctiva embedded within a stroma containing CD34+ telocytes
Authors: Nicolescu Mihnea I. , Rusu Mugurel C. , Voinea Liliana M. , Vrapciu Alexandra D. , Bâră Raluca I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn accurate identification of telocytes (TCs) was limited because of the heterogeneity of cell types expressing the markers attributed to TCs. Some endothelial lineage cells also could fit within the pattern of TCs. Such endothelial cells could line conjunctival lacunae previously assessed by laser confocal microscopy. We have been suggested that an accurate distinction of TCs from endothelial cells in the human eye conjunctiva could be achieved by use of CD31, CD34 and D2‐40 (podoplanin); and that the conjunctival lacunae are in fact lymphatic. We aimed as testing the hypothesis by an immunohistochemical study on human eye conjunctiva biopsy samples. Samples of human eye conjunctiva from 30 patients were evaluated immunohistochemically by use of the primary antibodies: CD34, D2‐40 and CD31. D2‐40 was equally expressed within epithelia and laminae propria. Basal epithelial cells were D2‐40 positive. Within the stromal compartment, the lymphatic marker D2‐40 labelled several lymphatic vessels. CD31 labelled both vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells within the lamina propria. When capillary lymphatics were tangentially cut, they gave the false appearance of telocytes. Blood endothelial cells expressed CD34, whereas lymphatic endothelial cells did not. Stromal CD34‐expressing cells/telocytes were found building a consistent pan‐stromal network which was equally CD31‐negative and D2‐40‐negative. The conjunctival lymphatic lacunae seem to represent a peculiar anatomic feature of eye conjunctiva. They are embedded within a CD34‐expressing stromal network of TCs. The negative expression of CD31 and D2‐40 should be tested when discriminating CD34‐expressing TCs.
Cardiac β‐adrenergic receptor activation mediates distinct and cell type‐dependent changes in the expression and distribution of connexin 43
Authors: Zhang Yi , Hou Meng‐Chen , Li Jing‐Jing , Qi Ying , Zhang Yu , She Gang , Ren Yu‐Jie , Wu Wei , Pang Zheng‐Da , Xie Wenjun , Deng Xiu‐Ling , Du Xiao‐Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractActivation of the sympatho‐β‐adrenergic receptors (β‐ARs) system is a hallmark of heart failure, leading to fibrosis and arrhythmias. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most abundant gap junctional protein in the myocardium. Current knowledge is limited regarding Cx43 remodelling in diverse cell types in the diseased myocardium and the underlying mechanism. We studied cell type‐dependent changes in Cx43 remodelling due to β‐AR overactivation and molecular mechanisms involved. Mouse models of isoproterenol stimulation or transgenic cardiomyocyte overexpression of β2‐AR were used, which exhibited cardiac fibrosis and up‐regulated total Cx43 abundance. In both models, whereas Cx43 expression in cardiomyocytes was reduced and more laterally distributed, fibroblasts exhibited elevated Cx43 expression and enhanced gap junction communication. Mechanistically, activation of β2‐AR in fibroblasts in vitro elevated Cx43 expression, which was abolished by the β2‐antagonist ICI‐118551 or protein kinase A inhibitor H‐89, but simulated by the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin. Our in vitro and in vivo data showed that β‐AR activation‐induced production of IL‐18 sequentially stimulated Cx43 expression in fibroblasts in a paracrine fashion. In summary, our findings demonstrate a pivotal role of β‐AR in mediating distinct and cell type‐dependent changes in the expression and distribution of Cx43, leading to pathological gap junction remodelling in the myocardium.
Overexpression of FNTB and the activation of Ras induce hypertrophy and promote apoptosis and autophagic cell death in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ding Jie , Chen Yu X. , Chen Yan , Mou Yun , Sun Xiao T. , Dai Dong P. , Zhao Chen Z. , Yang Jian , Hu Shen J. , Guo Xiaogang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFarnesyltransferase (FTase) is an important enzyme that catalyses the modification of protein isoprene downstream of the mevalonate pathway. Previous studies have shown that the tissue of the heart in the suprarenal abdominal aortic coarctation (AAC) group showed overexpression of FTaseβ (FNTB) and the activation of the downstream protein Ras was enhanced. FTase inhibitor (FTI) can alleviate myocardial fibrosis and partly improve cardiac remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the exact role and mechanism of FTase in myocardial hypertrophy and remodelling are not fully understood. Here, we used recombinant adenovirus to transfect neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes to study the effect of FNTB overexpression on myocardial remodelling and explore potential mechanisms. The results showed that overexpression of FNTB induces neonatal rat ventricular myocyte hypertrophy and reduces the survival rate of cardiomyocytes. FNTB overexpression induced a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and increased apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. FNTB overexpression also promotes autophagosome formation and the accumulation of autophagy substrate protein, LC3II. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mCherry‐GFP tandem fluorescent‐tagged LC3 (tfLC3) showed that FNTB overexpression can activate autophagy flux by enhancing autophagosome conversion to autophagolysosome. Overactivated autophagy flux can be blocked by bafilomycin A1. In addition, salirasib (a Ras farnesylcysteine mimetic) can alleviate the hypertrophic phenotype of cardiomyocytes and inhibit the up‐regulation of apoptosis and autophagy flux induced by FNTB overexpression. These results suggest that FTase may have a potential role in future treatment strategies to limit the adverse consequences of cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.
High risk of colorectal polyps in men with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Wenxia , Wang Muqing , Jing Xubin , Wu Chaofen , Zeng Yicheng , Peng Jianwei , Cai Xianbin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThis meta‐analysis aims to explore the risk of colorectal polyps among non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases using predefined search term to identify eligible studies (published up to 7 November 2019). Data from selected studies were extracted by using a standardized information collection form, and meta‐analyses were performed using random‐effects model. The statistical heterogeneity among studies (I2), subgroup analyses, meta‐regression analyses, and the possibility of publication bias were assessed.ResultsTwenty observational (12 cross‐sectional, two case–control, and six cohort) studies met the eligibility criteria, involving 142 387 asymptomatic adults. In cross‐sectional/case–control studies, NAFLD was found to be associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–1.47) (including unclassified colorectal polyps, hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and cancers) with statistically significant heterogeneity (I2 = 67.8%; P < 0.001). NAFLD was also associated with a higher risk of incident colorectal polyps (hazard ratio = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.36–1.87) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 21.8%; P = 0.263) in longitudinal studies. The severity of NAFLD was associated with a higher risk of colorectal adenomas (OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.30–1.88), but not colorectal cancer (OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.92–2.03). The subgroup analysis according to gender showed that NAFLD was significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal polyps in the male population without significant heterogeneity (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.29–1.67, I2 = 0%), but not in the female population (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.60–1.29, I2 = 34.2%).ConclusionsNAFLD was associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps. There was a significant difference of the relationship between genders, which suggested more precise screening colonoscopy recommendation in NAFLD patients according to gender.
Physician Home Visit Patterns and Hospital Use Among Older Adults with Functional Impairments
Authors: Jones Aaron , Bronskill Susan E. , Seow Hsien , Feeny David , Lapointe‐Shaw Lauren , Mowbray Fabrice , Costa Andrew P. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDHome‐based primary care has been associated with reductions in hospital use among homebound older adults, but population‐based studies on the general home visit patterns of primary care physicians are lacking.OBJECTIVEWe examined the association between the provision of home visits by primary care physicians and subsequent use of hospital‐based care among their older adult patients with extensive functional impairments.DESIGNPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study.SETTINGThe setting was Ontario, Canada, from October 2014 to September 2016.PARTICIPANTSOlder adults (aged ≥65 years) with extensive functional impairments receiving publicly funded home care.MEASUREMENTSWe measured the provision of home visits by a patientʼs most responsible primary care physician during the year before a comprehensive home care assessment. Physician home visit patterns were measured as the proportion of the total outpatient visits in a year that were home visits, categorized with quartiles. Multivariable, multilevel negative binomial regression models examined the associations between physician‐level home visit provision and patient emergency department visits and hospital admissions over the 6 months following the home care assessment.RESULTSThere were 49,613 patients in the cohort who were linked to 8,096 unique primary care physicians. A total of 69.1% of physicians provided at least one home visit in a year, with the median proportion of home visits to total visits ranging from 0.057% to 3.19% across quartiles. Patients whose physicians were in the highest home visit provision quartile had lower rates of emergency department visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90–0.96) and hospital admissions (IRR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.85–0.93) compared with patients whose physician did not do home visits.CONCLUSIONHome care patients with extensive functional impairments whose physicians provided higher levels of home visits had fewer emergency department visits and hospital admissions. Expanding home visits by primary care physicians could reduce hospital use by older adults living with functional impairments in the community.
The ventral attention network: the mirror of the language network in the right brain hemisphere
Authors: Bernard Florian , Lemee Jean‐Michel , Mazerand Edouard , Leiber Louis‐Marie , Menei Philippe , Ter Minassian Aram 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResting‐state functional MRI (RfMRI) analyses have identified two anatomically separable fronto‐parietal attention networks in the human brain: a bilateral dorsal attention network and a right‐lateralised ventral attention network (VAN). The VAN has been implicated in visuospatial cognition and, thus, potentially in the unilateral spatial neglect associated with right hemisphere lesions. Its parietal, frontal and temporal endpoints are thought to be structurally supported by undefined white matter tracts. We investigated the white matter tract connecting the VAN. We used three approaches to study the structural anatomy of the VAN: (a) independent component analysis on RfMRI (50 subjects), defining the endpoints of the VAN, (b) tractography in the same 50 healthy volunteers, with regions of interest defined by the MNI coordinates of cortical areas involved in the VAN used in a seed‐based approach and (c) dissection, by Klingler’s method, of 20 right hemispheres, for ex vivo studies of the fibre tracts connecting VAN endpoints. The VAN includes the temporoparietal junction and the ventral frontal cortex. The endpoints of the superior longitudinal fasciculus in its third portion (SLF III) and the arcuate fasciculus (AF) overlap with the VAN endpoints. The SLF III connects the supramarginal gyrus to the ventral portion of the precentral gyrus and the pars opercularis. The AF connects the middle and inferior temporal gyrus and the middle and inferior frontal gyrus. We reconstructed the structural connectivity of the VAN and considered it in the context if the pathophysiology of unilateral neglect and right hemisphere awake brain surgery.
Impact of Lesion Location on Longitudinal Myelin Water Fraction Change in Chronic Multiple Sclerosis Lesions
Authors: Pandya Sneha , Kaunzner Ulrike W , Hurtado Rúa Sandra M , Nealon Nancy , Perumal Jai , Vartanian Timothy , Nguyen Thanh D. , Gauthier Susan A 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo examine the impact of lesion location on longitudinal myelin water fraction (MWF) changes in chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Relative hypoxia, due to vascular watershed regions of the cerebrum, has been implicated in lesion development but impact on ongoing demyelination is unknown.METHODSForty‐eight patients with relapsing‐remitting and secondary progressive MS had two MWF scans with fast acquisition, spiral trajectory, and T2prep (FAST‐T2) sequence, at an interval of 2.0 (±.3) years. Lesion location was identified based upon cerebral lobe and relation to the ventricles. Change in MWF was assessed using a mixed effects model, controlling for lesion location and patient covariates.RESULTSAverage age was 42.3 (±12) years, mean disease duration was 9.7 (±9.1) years, and median Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) was 2.5 (±2.3). The majority of 512 chronic lesions was located in the frontal and parietal lobes (75.6%) and more often periventricular (44.7%). All occipital lesions were periventricular. The average lesion MWF decreased from baseline (.07 ± .03) to 2 years (.06 ±.03) P < .01. Lesions within the occipital lobe showed a significant reduction in MWF as compared to other lobes.CONCLUSIONSChronic lesions in the occipital lobe showed the greatest reduction in MWF. Neuroanatomical localization of lesions to the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, a watershed region, may contribute to ongoing demyelination in this lesion type.
Nose-to-brain delivery of sumatriptan-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, optimization, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation
Authors: Masjedi Moein , Azadi Amir , Heidari Reza , Mohammadi-Samani Soliman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Migraine is a neurological disorder with unilateral pulsatile headache which can affect the functions of sufferers. Migraineurs experience some undesirable symptoms such as pain, nausea, vomiting and in some cases auras which make the oral delivery non-selective. The lipid nanoparticles are considered as good carriers for nose-to-brain drug delivery. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a sumatriptan-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC).

Methods
A drug-loaded NLC was optimized using D-optimal design of experiment and then the characterization of the formulated NLC including particle size, zeta potential, electron microscopy, thermal analysis, drug loading efficiency and release kinetics were carried out. Pharmacokinetic evaluations were also performed during an in-vivo study on Sprague–Dawley rats and neuropharmacokinetic parameters such as drug targeting efficiency (DTE) and direct transport percentage (DTP) were calculated.

Key findings
The optimization of experiments led to nanoparticles with 101 nm mean diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.27. The drug entrapment efficiency (EE) for optimized nanoparticle was found to be 91.00%. DTE and DTP of intranasal-administered NLC were calculated 258.02% and 61.23%, respectively.

Conclusions
Neuropharmacokinetic evaluation of intranasal NLC dispersion represents a suitable brain delivery system. The DTP of NLC formulation suggests the desirable entrance of sumatriptan into the brain.
Biorefined grass‐clover protein composition and effect on organic broiler performance and meat fatty acid profile
Authors: Stødkilde Lene , Ambye‐Jensen Morten , Krogh Jensen Søren 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProtein extracted from green biomass can be a sustainable and valuable feed component for organic poultry production. Earlier studies in rats have shown high digestibility of laboratory‐scale extracted protein. The aim of this study was to test the effect of upscaling the biorefining process on composition of protein extracted from organic grass‐clover and on performance of organic broilers when including grass‐clover in the feed. Crude protein content of the extracted grass‐clover protein was 36.2% of dry matter (DM) with a higher methionine content, but lower lysine and total sulphur‐containing amino acids than that in soybean. Acid‐insoluble residue constituted a major fraction of the dietary fibre content, and a large proportion of total CP was bound in this fraction. Alpha‐linolenic acid was the dominating fatty acid in the extracted grass‐clover protein. One‐day‐old organic Colour Yield broiler chicks were included in a dose–response trial with grass‐clover protein constituting 0%, 8%, 16% or 24% of the feed from day 12 and until slaughter at day 57. Increasing levels of grass‐clover protein extract reduced feed intake, growth and slaughter weight; however, at 8% inclusion feed intake and performance were not affected. The fatty acid composition in broiler breast meat reflected the composition of grass‐clover protein extract; thus, the increasing dietary addition increased meat alpha‐linolenic acid content. A lowered tocopherol content in meat from broilers fed increasing grass‐clover protein demonstrated the need for increased amounts of antioxidants due to the high content of unsaturated fat. In conclusion, the study shows that broilers can grow on grass‐clover protein from an upscaled biorefining process, but highlights the importance of further optimisation with focus on increased protein content and on avoiding formation of insoluble protein complexes, as these most likely reduce protein digestibility.
Prevalence and patterns of tongue deformation in obstructive sleep apnea: A whole‐night simultaneous ultrasonographic and polysomnographic study
Authors: Yu Rui‐Bin , Huang Chih‐Chung , Chang Chun‐Hsiang , Wang Ya‐Hui , Chen Jeng‐Wen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTongue deformation during whole‐night natural sleep in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea has not been well evaluated. Through simultaneous ultrasonography and polysomnography during whole‐night sleep, we examined the prevalence and patterns of tongue depth changes and their relationship with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Sixty consecutive eligible adults presenting with symptoms suggesting obstructive sleep apnea were enrolled. We observed that 88.4% (38/43) of patients with obstructive sleep apnea exhibited a significant increase in the maximum ultrasonographic tongue depth when hypopnea or apnea occurred during sleep. A mixed‐model analysis of variance demonstrated that compared with patients with primary snoring or mild obstructive sleep apnea, those with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea have significantly greater maximum ultrasonographic tongue depth during respiratory events (p = .0047). We identified three different ultrasonographic patterns of tongue deformation, namely en bloc, tongue body and tongue base. Approximately 82% (27/33) of patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea demonstrated an en bloc tongue deformation. By contrast, 70% (19/27) of primary snorers or patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea showed a tongue body obstruction. Recognizing the prevalence and patterns of tongue deformation during sleep may provide insights into pathogenesis and treatment decisions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Future studies are warranted to verify the treatment results of various tongue procedures by using this approach.
The timed barium swallow and its relationship to symptoms in achalasia: Analysis of surface area and emptying rate
Authors: Sanagapalli Santosh , Plumb Andrew , Maynard John , Leong Rupert W. , Sweis Rami 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTimed barium swallow (TBS) is used to objectively measure response following achalasia therapy; however, findings can be discordant with symptoms. We hypothesized that measurement of surface area of the residual barium column would improve its utility in measuring outcome.MethodsIn a single‐center cohort, achalasia patients undergoing therapy between September 2015‐2016 who had TBS were included. Four metrics of emptying were studied: Post‐therapy residual barium (a) absolute height and (b) surface area and percentage reduction in (c) residual height (%H) and (d) surface area (%SA) compared to pretherapy. Metrics were evaluated against symptom response (Eckardt score).Key ResultsTwenty‐four achalasics (median age 43 year; 13 males) were included; 14 received pneumatic dilatation, and 10 had peroral endoscopic myotomy. Treatment resulted in significant reduction in median Eckardt score (7 to 1; P = .03), mean residual barium column height (14.7 ± 8.7 to 7.9 ± 6.0 cm; P = .01) and surface area (52.7 ± 43.5 to 24.5 ± 23.6 cm2; P = .02). There were 4 (17%) initial non‐responders (Eckardt > 3). % SA was best at discriminating between responders and non‐responders (area under curve 0.85 ± 0.08; sensitivity 100%, specificity 80%). Concordance with symptomatic response following therapy was 83% when using 45% as the cutoff for surface area reduction compared to pretherapy. Eight patients whose static barium height was discordant with symptoms became concordant when % SA was used as a measure of response.Conclusions & InferencesChange in barium surface area is a superior measure of esophageal emptying and better correlates with treatment response than the conventional 5‐minute barium height in defining objective response to achalasia therapy.