bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORIGIN: Blind detection of faint emission line galaxies in MUSE datacubes
Authors: Mary David , Bacon Roland , Conseil Simon , Piqueras Laure , Schutz Antony 
Published: January 2020

Context.One of the major science cases of the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field spectrograph is the detection of Lyman-alpha emitters at high redshifts. The on-going and planned deep fields observations will allow for one large sample of these sources. An efficient tool to perform blind detection of faint emitters in MUSE datacubes is a prerequisite of such an endeavor.Aims.Several line detection algorithms exist but their performance during the deepest MUSE exposures is hard to quantify, in particular with respect to their actual false detection rate, or purity. The aim of this work is to design and validate an algorithm that efficiently detects faint spatial-spectral emission signatures, while allowing for a stable false detection rate over the data cube and providing in the same time an automated and reliable estimation of the purity.Methods.The algorithm implements (i) a nuisance removal part based on a continuum subtraction combining a discrete cosine transform and an iterative principal component analysis, (ii) a detection part based on the local maxima of generalized likelihood ratio test statistics obtained for a set of spatial-spectral profiles of emission line emitters and (iii) a purity estimation part, where the proportion of true emission lines is estimated from the data itself: the distribution of the local maxima in the “noise only” configuration is estimated from that of the local minima.Results.Results on simulated data cubes providing ground truth show that the method reaches its aims in terms of purity and completeness. When applied to the deep 30 h exposure MUSE datacube in theHubbleUltra Deep Field, the algorithms allows for the confirmed detection of 133 intermediate redshifts galaxies and 248 Lyαemitters, including 86 sources with noHubbleSpace Telescope counterpart.Conclusions.The algorithm fulfills its aims in terms of detection power and reliability. It is consequently implemented as a Python package whose code and documentation are available on GitHub and readthedocs.
Read-out Electronics and Signal Processing in
GERDA and Future Prospects
Authors: D’Andrea Valerio 
Published: January 2020

The GERDA experiment searches for the neutrinoless double beta decay of 76Ge. The experiment is using 36 kg of high-purity germanium detectors, simultaneously as source and detector, deployed into ultra-pure cryogenic liquid argon. GERDA is one the leading experiment in the field, reporting the highest sensitivity on the half-life of 0νββ decay with 1.1·1026 yr, the lowest background index with 6·10−4 cts/(keV·kg·yr) and an excellent energy resolution of 0.12% (FWHM).
The search for the 0νββ decay of the isotope 76Ge will be continued in the next years by the LEGEND-200 experiment, that aims to reach a sensitivity up to 1027 yr using 200 kg of enriched HPGe detectors. The preparation of this experiment already started.
The basic concepts of the GERDA read-out electronics, obeying both the severe requirements of ultra high radio-purity and cryogenic operation, are summarized. For LEGEND-200 a new electronics design, including a separation of the preamplifier in two stages, has been already designed and realized: results from tests are presented.
Additionally, we will introduce the digital signal processing adopted for the energy reconstruction in GERDA and a new implementation of an optimum digital filter by means of the DPLMS method. This method are discussed and the first application to GERDA data are presented.
Method for Prototyping and Testing the Information Minimalism Concept of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Jang Gwi-sook , Park Gee-yong 
Published: January 2020

he information structure and visualization design in nuclear power plant is based on careful analysis and understanding of the work domain of the operator. Piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) based layouts tend to require more display space. Overuse of mimic layouts can result in visual clutter. P&ID based layouts of controls are usually less easily operated configurations than those provided by other array conventions. Thus, a display method is emerging to minimize P&ID based display. The information minimalism concept is a monitoring and controller display method for each operation mode based on log analyses of operator actions. This method provides the monitoring information and control means necessary for the operator, according to operation mode, to perform a specific operation. This method can reduce the time spent searching for information and the transition between display pages. The aim of this paper was to verify the feasibility of implementing new concepts by establishing an information minimalism prototype. The validity of the function, performance, and operational test methods were verified by testing one such information minimalism prototype.
In this paper, we describe prototyping and testing methods for the information minimalism concept for NPPs. In the future, this concept is to be added to the concept of operator support with the existing display configuration and navigation, and thereby extend its application range while actually utilizing it.
Calorimetric Non-Destructive Assay of Large Volume and Heterogeneous Radioactive Waste Drums
Authors: Kubinski W. R. , Carasco C. , Kikola D. , Mathonat C. , Ricard D. , Tefelski D. , Tietze-Jaensch H. 
Published: January 2020

The EU-CHANCE project aims at the issue of the characterization of conditioned radioactive waste (CRW) and one objective of CHANCE is to focus on: Calorimetry as a comprising non-destructive technique to reduce uncertainties on the inventory of radwaste containing shielded and hidden material difficult to be measured by other means.
A MCNP6-based numerical study comprising the particle flux out of a 200L mock-up drum in a Large Volume Calorimeter (LVC) currently manufactured by KEP Nuclear (France) will be presented and discussed. For the analyses, the particle flux and energy deposition in each layer of the calorimeter were determined. The results yield that a significant fraction of the radiation would leave the system and not contribute to the measurable heat deposition. The expected energy deposition is obtained and cumulated for each layer over the whole energy range revealing the fraction of particles actually escaping the LVC calorimeter. While this escape fraction needs and can be determined, the LVC is a very suitable apparatus for the anticipated experiments on large and heterogeneous waste drums that possibly contain deeply buried beta-emitters (e.g. Sr/Y-90) or shielded alpha-sources hidden inside the drum with a significant level of gamma and neutron radiation background radiation. The high-energy part of this gamma and neutron flux may even reach the reference chamber of the calorimeter and deposit some energy there, compromising the calibration and may cause a double-bias.
Wirksamkeit von Biofeedback bei primärem Kopfschmerz
– Eine randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Kolbe Lisa , Eberhardt Tanya , Leinberger Beate , Hinterberger Thilo 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Für die Behandlung primärer Kopfschmerzen mit
Biofeedback liegen einige Empfehlungen vor. Dennoch werden die Kosten meist von
den Kassen nicht oder nicht vollständig getragen und die Versorgung
dadurch erschwert. In dieser randomisierten kontrollierten Studie wurde die
Effektivität einer ambulanten Biofeedback-Therapie bei primärem
Kopfschmerz deutschlandweit evaluiert.
Methoden Die Teilnehmer wurden aufgeteilt in eine sofortige
Behandlungsgruppe (n=41) und eine Wartekontrollgruppe (n=29).
Die Behandlung erfolgte in 8–11 Sitzungen bei Migräne als
Vasokonstriktions-/Vasodilatationstraining, bei Kopfschmerz vom
Spannungstyp als Elektromyografietraining. Die Diagnose richtete sich nach den
Kriterien der International Headache Society. Erhoben wurden
Kopfschmerzcharakteristika (Häufigkeit, Dauer, Intensität) in
Form eines Kopfschmerztagebuchs jeweils vor, während und nach der
Behandlung und die kopfschmerzspezifische Beeinträchtigung mittels
Pain-Disability-Index vor und nach der Behandlung. Die Wartegruppe machte
zusätzlich etwa 3 Monate davor sowie nochmals vor Beginn der Behandlung
Angaben zu den Fragebögen. Die Messung der kopfschmerzspezifischen
Selbstwirksamkeit (Fragebogen zu Kopfschmerzmanagement und Selbstwirksamkeit)
erfolgte zu jeder zweiten Sitzung. Für die erhobenen Parameter wurden
die Effektstärken f2 bzw. r nach im Vergleich zu vor der
Behandlung und für behandelte Gruppe zu nicht-behandelter Gruppe
berechnet.
Ergebnisse Die Kopfschmerzcharakteristika sanken im Untersuchungszeitraum
signifikant linear mit mittleren bis starken Effekten (Häufigkeit
f2=0,302, p<0,001, Dauer
f2=0,186, p<0,001, durchschnittlicher Schmerz
f2=0,502, p<0,001, maximaler Schmerz
f2=0,546, p<0,001). Durch Biofeedback stieg die
Selbstwirksamkeit signifikant (p<0,001, r=0,782), auch
gegenüber der Wartezeit (p<0,001, r=0,604). Zudem
zeigten sich eine signifikante Verbesserung der Bewältigung und eine
signifikante Reduktion der psychischen Beeinträchtigung sowie der
Beeinträchtigung im Alltag.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt zeigten sich zu bereits
vorliegenden Studien vergleichbare Effekte. Biofeedback erwies sich demnach
unter Bedingungen der ambulanten Versorgung als effektiv gegen Migräne
und Kopfschmerz vom Spannungstyp. Eine bessere Einbindung in die
Versorgungspraxis scheint dadurch gerechtfertigt.
Evidenzbasierung in der Rehabilitation – Studiendesigns und
konzeptuelle Grundlagen der empirischen Analyse der Wirksamkeit von
Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen
Authors: Wirtz Markus Antonius , Schulz Anja 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungRehabilitation erfolgt evidenzbasiert, wenn Behandlungsmaßnahmen
angewendet werden, für die nachgewiesen wurde, dass diese die
Outcomes der Rehabilitanden – in der Regel den Gesundheitszustand
oder die Teilhabe der Rehabilitanden – wirksam verbessern.
Eindeutige Aussagen über die Wirksamkeit einer Maßnahme
werden nur durch Randomisiert Kontrollierte Studien (RCTs)
gewährleistet. Bei Anwendung alternativer Studienformate
(z. B. Fall-Kontrollstudien, Kohortenstudien, Beobachtungsstudien)
kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass der Zusammenhang der Teilnahme an der
Maßnahme und der Verbesserung des Gesundheitszustands oder der
Fähigkeit zur beruflichen oder gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe durch
konfundierende Variablen verzerrt abgebildet wird (Einschränkungen
der internen Validität). Es wurden vielfältige Varianten von
RCTs entwickelt (z. B. clusterrandomisierte Studien, faktorielle
Designs, pragmatische Studien), um RCTs an Erfordernisse der praktischen
Anwendung anzupassen. Um evidenzbasiert entscheiden und handeln zu
können, sollte zudem gewährleistet werden, dass neue
Behandlungsmaßnahmen und -empfehlungen auf einer soliden Theorie-
und Wissengrundlage entwickelt wurden und in der Versorgungspraxis
angemessen umgesetzt werden. Dies ist insbesondere erforderlich, weil
Maßnahmen orientiert an den Bedarfen individueller Rehabilitanden
und den Spezifika der Rehaeinrichtung ausgewählt und ggf. angepasst
werden müssen. Deswegen sind für ein umfassendes
Verständnis von Evidenz – zusätzlich zum
Wirksamkeitsnachweis mittels RCTs – empirische Studien zur Schaffung
solider konzeptueller und theoretischer Grundlagen (Interventionsdesign) und
zur Anwendung der Maßnahmen in der rehabilitativen Versorgungspraxis
(Implementierungsforschung) erforderlich.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Die Beziehung zwischen sozialer Mediennutzung, subjektiver Gesundheit und Risikoverhalten im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Richter Matthias , Heilmann Kristina , Moor Irene 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die aktuell heranwachsende Generation verbringt mehr Zeit mit der Nutzung sozialer Medien als jede andere Altersgruppe. Über die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen einer häufigen Nutzung sozialer Medien durch Heranwachsende ist bislang nur wenig bekannt. Ziel der Studie ist es, die Assoziation zwischen sozialer Mediennutzung, der Gesundheit und dem Risikoverhalten an einer großen repräsentativen Stichprobe für Deutschland zu untersuchen.
Methode Die Daten stammen aus dem deutschen Teilsurvey der internationalen WHO-Studie „Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)“ aus dem Jahr 2013/14. Die Auswertung basiert auf Daten von 5.094 Schulkindern im Alter von durchschnittlich 11, 13 und 15 Jahren. Die soziale Mediennutzung wurde über einen Index aus 5 Items erhoben. Als Gesundheitsoutcomes werden Indikatoren des Gesundheitszustandes und des Risikoverhaltens betrachtet. Die Analysen wurden mithilfe von Kreuztabellen und log-binominaler Regressionsmodelle getrennt für Mädchen und Jungen berechnet.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine häufige Nutzung sozialer Medien bei Mädchen mit einer schlechteren subjektiven Gesundheit (OR=1,58, 95%-KI=1,17–2,15) sowie multiplen psychosomatischen Beschwerden (OR=1,56, 95%-KI = 1,22–1,98) assoziiert war. Bei Jungen traf dies für psychosomatische Beschwerden (OR=1,36, 95%-KI=1,03–1,80) und die Schulzufriedenheit (OR=1,39, 95%-KI=1,06–1,83) zu. Bezüglich des Risikoverhaltens zeigte sich unabhängig vom Geschlecht ein stärkerer Zusammenhang zwischen der häufigen Nutzung sozialer Medien und regelmäßigem Tabak- und Alkoholkonsum, alkoholbedingten Rauscherfahrungen sowie dem Mobben (Bullying-Täter) von Mitschülern. Die Ergebnisse blieben unter Kontrolle des Alters, Schultyps und Migrationshintergrunds bestehen.
Schlussfolgerungen Es konnte ein deutlicher Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Mediennutzung und verschiedenen Indikatoren der Gesundheit und des Risikoverhaltens im Kindes- und Jugendalter festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse geben erste Hinweise auf mögliche gesundheitsabträgliche Effekte einer häufigen Nutzung sozialer Medien, die im Rahmen längsschnittlicher Studien bestätigt werden müssen.
Single-Stage Clipping of Seven Intracranial Aneurysms in the Anterior Circulation via Unilateral Pterional Approach: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Xu Kan , Hou Kun , Xu Baofeng , Guo Yunbao , Yu Jinlu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe occurrence of multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) is not rare, with a reported incidence of 15 to 35%. However, patients harboring seven or more intracranial aneurysms are so uncommon that only sporadic cases have ever been reported. We present a rare case with seven intracranial aneurysms (two anterior communicating artery aneurysms, two right middle cerebral artery aneurysms, two left ophthalmic artery aneurysms, and one right ophthalmic artery aneurysm) in the anterior circulation that were simultaneously clipped via the extended right pterional approach. The surgery was uneventful. The patient experienced a rapid postoperative recovery with no neurologic deficits. To our knowledge, this is the first case of seven bilateral intracranial aneurysms that were surgically clipped via unilateral craniotomy. This case showed that in properly selected patients with anterior circulation MIAs, even as many as seven, one-stage clipping can be achieved. Successful clipping of the contralateral ophthalmic aneurysms was the key step in the operation.
Clinical Outcomes Based on Preoperative Kambin's Triangular Working Zone Measurements on 3D CT/MR Fusion Imaging to Determine Optimal Approaches to Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy
Authors: Hirayama Jiro , Hashimoto Masayuki , Sakamoto Takuya 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Transforaminal endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (TELD) is a widely used minimally invasive surgical procedure to treat herniated disks. Postoperative dysesthesia (POD) is a significant complication that affects patient satisfaction. Several anatomical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies of the intervertebral foramina showed that TELD should be avoided in patients with small Kambin's triangular working zones. Recently, some reports indicated the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography/magnetic resonance (CT/MR) fusion images. To date, no articles have been published in the English literature regarding the use of 3D CT/MR fusion images before TELD to evaluate Kambin's triangular working zone. Our objective was to examine clinical outcomes when preoperative Kambin's triangular working zone measurements from 3D CT/MR fusion images were used to determine the approach to TELD.
Patients and Methods We included 31 patients who underwent TELD. We rotated the 3D CT/MR fusion images from the posteroanterior view on the approach side to the angle at which Kambin's triangular working zone appeared the largest. This was used to determine the intraoperative insertion angle for the working cannula. When the perpendicular line extending from the exiting nerve at the intervertebral disk level to the upper margin of the superior articular process (exiting nerve-superior articular process distance [ESD]) was less than or equal to 7 mm, an approach that combined foraminoplasty with an outside-in technique (F + outside-in) was used. We compared ESD and clinical outcomes, such as POD, between the approaches.
Results Surgical plans were based on ESD values from 22 patients. ESD was 7 mm in 21 patients, all of whom underwent F + outside-in. The inside-out approach was used in eight of nine patients who did not have ESD measurements. Of these, five patients had retrospective ESD measurements of 7 mm. The mean ESD was 6.3 ± 1.0 mm when inside-out was used and 4.4 ± 1.6 mm when F + outside-in was used, a significant difference. Significant improvements were observed in the visual analog scale scores for low back pain, lower limb pain, and lower limb paresthesia. There were no incidences of POD or intraoperative complications.
Conclusion Based on preoperative Kambin's triangular working zone measurements from 3D CT/MR fusion images, F + outside-in should be selected when the working zone is smaller than the cannula diameter. This method successfully avoided POD in our study. Preoperative Kambin's triangular working zone measurements from 3D CT/MR fusion imaging can enhance patient safety during TELD.
Social tipping dynamics for stabilizing Earth’s climate by 2050
Authors: Otto Ilona M. , Donges Jonathan F. , Cremades Roger , Bhowmik Avit , Hewitt Richard J. , Lucht Wolfgang , Rockström Johan , Allerberger Franziska , McCaffrey Mark , Doe Sylvanus S. P. , Lenferna Alex , Morán Nerea , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Schellnhuber Hans Joachim 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Achieving a rapid global decarbonization to stabilize the climate critically depends on activating contagious and fast-spreading processes of social and technological change within the next few years. Drawing on expert elicitation, an expert workshop, and a review of literature, which provides a comprehensive analysis on this topic, we propose concrete interventions to induce positive social tipping dynamics and a rapid global transformation to carbon-neutral societies. These social tipping interventions comprise removing fossil-fuel subsidies and incentivizing decentralized energy generation, building carbon-neutral cities, divesting from assets linked to fossil fuels, revealing the moral implications of fossil fuels, strengthening climate education and engagement, and disclosing greenhouse gas emissions information.
Helium metastable species generation in atmospheric pressure RF plasma jets driven by tailored voltage waveforms in mixtures of He and N2
Authors: Korolov I , Leimkühler M , Böke M , Donkó Z , Schulz-von der Gathen V , Bischoff L , Hübner G , Hartmann P , Gans T , Liu Y , Mussenbrock T , Schulze J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Spatially resolved tunable diode-laser absorption measurements of the absolute densities of He-I (23S1) metastables in a micro atmospheric pressure plasma jet operated in He/N2 and driven by ‘peaks’- and ‘valleys’-type tailored voltage waveforms are presented. The measurements are performed at different nitrogen admixture concentrations and peak-to-peak voltages with waveforms that consist of up to four consecutive harmonics of the fundamental frequency of 13.56 MHz. Comparisons of the measured metastable densities with those obtained from particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations show a good quantitative agreement. The density of helium metastables is found to be significantly enhanced by increasing the number of consecutive driving harmonics. Their generation can be further optimized by tuning the peak-to-peak voltage amplitude and the concentration of the reactive gas admixture. These findings are understood based on detailed fundamental insights into the spatio-temporal electron dynamics gained from the simulations, which show that voltage waveform tailoring allows to control the electron energy distribution function to optimize the metastable generation. A high degree of correlation between the metastable creation rate and the electron impact excitation rate from the helium ground state into the He-I ((3s)3S1) level is observed for some conditions which may facilitate an estimation of the metastable densities based on phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy measurements of the 706.5 nm He-I line originating from the above level and metastable density values at proper reference conditions.
Plasma propagation in the microwave window breakdown at the air/dielectric interface
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Luo Wei , Jiang Ming , Wang Hongguang , Li Yongdong , Liu Chunliang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The microwave window breakdown due to the plasma formation greatly limits the power handling capability of high-power microwave systems. However, the experimentally-observed fast plasma propagation cannot be explained using previous theory or simulation results. In this paper, the photoionization is considered to investigate the mechanism of microwave window breakdown at the air/dielectric interface by particle-in-cell simulation. The results show that photoelectrons produced by high-speed photons can profoundly promote discharge above the air/dielectric interface. Then a fast plasma formation and propagation occurs. The speed of plasma propagation can reach 1 × 106 m s−1, which agrees well with experiments. As a result, the transmitting power is attenuated more seriously than the case without the photoionization. Furthermore, the effects of size of microwave window, gas pressure, strength of microwave electric field and distribution of microwave electric field on the plasma propagation are investigated. The results show that the total number of electrons is nonlinearly increasing with the size of microwave window when a uniform microwave electric field is applied. The speed of the plasma propagation exponentially increases with the strength of microwave electric field. Therefore, the photoionization is an indispensable process in the microwave window breakdown with high-strength microwave electric field.