bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Co Atom Catalyst Derived from Terpolymer Pyrolysis for Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes
Authors: Zhou Yanan , Guo Anni , Shen Huawei , Wang Yue , Zhang Fuxing , Rong Xuejiao , Li Yang , Yan Xilong , Chen Ligong , Wang Bowei 
Published: February 2025

Recently, single atom catalysts (SACs) with isolated metal atom as the active site have received extensive attention for their excellent catalytic performance. However, limited by the strong aggregation tendency of monometallic atoms, the construction of SACs remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we developed a facile ternary copolymerization‐pyrolysis approach to synthesize a single cobalt atom catalyst (Co1@NC) by employing amino‐functionalized cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc(NH2)4) as the metal precursor. Specially, CoPc(NH2)4 was copolymerized with melamine and 1, 4‐phthalaldehyde to yield a terpolymer, thereby allowing CoPc to be more uniformly and stably distributed in the polymer network. Subsequently, the obtained terpolymer was pyrolyzed to afford Co1@NC. Aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC HAADF‐STEM) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) directly confirmed that the catalyst Co1@NC was a single cobalt atom catalyst. Furthermore, the large specific surface area (SBET=418.8 m2/g) and high cobalt content (2.71 wt%) of Co1@NC provided more cobalt active sites, and therefore displayed excellent catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In addition, the catalyst showed remarkable cyclic stability in five cycles and still remained as the single atom catalyst.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Saturated Bioisosteres of Ortho‐Substituted Benzenes by Artificial Photoenzyme
Authors: Bai Yuting , Sheng Yuhui , Fu Yi , Zhou Zhi , Wu Jing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSaturated bioisosteres of ortho‐substituted benzenes are of significant interest due to their enhanced pharmacokinetic properties, such as improved metabolic stability and reduced toxicity, making them valuable in drug design and development. However, efficient synthesis of them remains a challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the biocatalytic synthesis of saturated bioisosteres of ortho‐substituted benzenes using engineered artificial photoenzymes. The artificial photoenzyme, incorporating genetically encoded unnatural amino acids with benzophenone photosensitizer residue, facilitate the formation of chiral saturated bioisosteres with moderate enantiomeric excess via the energy transfer process. Our results demonstrate the versatility of artificial photoenzymes in mediating new‐to‐nature reactions that are difficult to achieve with conventional chemical or enzymatic methods.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Cis O‐Linked Glycosyl Amino Acids via Additive‐Modulation for Glycopeptide Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Gan Jinjuan , Peng Peng , Li Tianlu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA highly stereoselective strategy to facilitate the synthesis of 1,2‐cis‐O‐linked glycosyl amino acids was established via a additive‐modulated trichloroacetimidate glycosylation approach. This mild and practical protocol demonstrates broad applicability with diverse glycosyl donors, including D‐gluco‐, D‐galacto‐, 2‐deoxy‐2‐azido‐D‐gluco‐, 2‐deoxy‐2‐azido‐D‐galacto‐, D‐xylo‐, L‐fuco‐pyranosyl and L‐arabinofuranosyl trichloroacetimidates, and orthogonally protected amino acids such as Ser, Thr, Tyr, and 4‐hydroxyproline (Hyp) as acceptors. These 1,2‐cis linked glycosyl amino acids serve as valuable building blocks for glycopeptide synthesis via solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), offering significant potential for advancing glycoprotein research.
Fines deposition during hydrotreating: Effects of catalyst size and bed arrangement
Authors: Kwao Simon , Vedachalam Sundaramurthy , Dalai Ajay K. , Adjaye John 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFines deposition presents a significant problem during the hydrotreating of bitumen‐derived gas oils. The accumulation of fines leads to reactor clogging and consequently, pressure drop buildup. At critical levels, the hydrotreating reactor must be prematurely shutdown, resulting in substantial economic losses for refineries. Hence, research into finding measures to address fines deposition is crucial and of interest to stakeholders in the refining industry. This research explored the effects of catalyst size and bed arrangement on fines deposition, with the goal of identifying strategies to obtain longer hydrotreating run times. Cold and hot flow fines deposition tests were conducted in three‐zone reactors using NiMo/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts, with sizes ranging from 1.3 to 2.5 mm. Under cold flow conditions, maximum fines deposition was reached in 12, 14, and 25 days for 1.3, 1.6, and 2.5 mm catalyst sizes, respectively. For the hot flow tests, maximum fines deposition occurred in 15, 17, and 28 days for 1.3, 1.6, and 2.5 mm catalyst sizes, respectively. Thus, both flow tests suggested that reducing catalyst size accelerated fines deposition, primarily due to straining. However, when the catalyst bed was arranged with decreasing size from top to bottom of the reactor, the time to reach maximum fines deposition increased to 28 days (cold flow) and 34 days (hot flow). Therefore, configuring the catalyst bed to have a downward gradient of decreasing catalyst size is proposed as a potential strategy to extend hydrotreating run times.
Mechanisms of GPM6A in Malignant Tumors
Authors: Huang Bei , Li Xihong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlycoprotein M6A (GPM6A) encodes a transmembrane protein, expressing in large quantities on the cell surface of central nervous system (CNS) neurons. GPM6A acts importantly in neurodevelopment by modulating neuronal differentiation, migration, axon growth, synaptogenesis, and spine formation, but its role in malignancy remains controversial and requires further research. This article reviewed the mechanisms of GPM6A in colorectal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma, and other malignant tumors, and made a “one‐stop” summary of the relevant mechanisms.Recent FindingsResearches have indicated that GPM6A is related to malignant tumors. It affects epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and induces the formation of filopodia, participating in the adhesion, migration, and metastasis of cancer cells. Its role in malignant tumors remains controversial, however. On the one hand, GPM6A may have carcinogenic properties and is related to poor prognosis of malignant tumors. It is highly expressed in lymphoblastic leukemia and is a potential oncogene. It also shows carcinogenic properties in colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, gonadotroph adenomas and so on. On the other hand, the expression of GPM6A decreases in lung adenocarcinoma, liver cancer, thyroid cancer, and so forth as the tumor progresses, and it can inhibit the progression of malignant tumors by inhibiting some signaling pathways, suggesting that it may be a tumor suppressor gene.ConclusionCarcinogenic or tumor suppressive? Although the biological function of GPM6A in the development of malignant tumors is still unclear, according to the current research progress, it is still expected to become an effective molecular marker for predicting tumor occurrence, metastasis and prognosis, as well as a new target for diagnosis and treatment.
Distribution, Risk Factors and Epidemiological Trends of Pancreatic Cancer Across Countries’ Income Levels: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Wik Sofia Laila , Tian Wenxin , Zhong Claire Chenwen , Sawhney Apurva , Gao Mingjun , Yu Qinyao , Xue Fanyu , Chan Sze Chai , Chow Shui Hang , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Yuan Jinqiu , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo , Wong Martin C. S. , Huang Junjie ,   Global Health Focus Epidemiology Group (GHFEG)
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlobally, pancreatic cancer poses a significant concern for public health.AimsThe objective of this study was to assess the burden of pancreatic cancer on varying income levels.Methods and ResultsData from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 and Gross Domestic Product Per Capita data were utilised in this study. All countries were categorised into four groups based on their income levels. Age‐standardised incidence, mortality and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) rates were the primary parameters to analyse the burden of pancreatic cancer. The associations between pancreatic cancer burden and countries' economic levels were analysed with linear regression models. High‐income‐level countries generally had a higher burden compared to other income levels in 2021. Greenland had the highest rate of age‐standardised DALYs at 374.93 per 100 000, followed by Uruguay (297.06) and Monaco (290.87). A higher gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was linked to a higher age‐standardised incidence (β = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.90, p < 0.001), mortality (β = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.86, p < 0.001) and DALYs (β = 14.59, 95% CI = 11.38, 17.80, p < 0.001). From 1990 to 2021, the pancreatic cancer burden increased across all income levels, with the most pronounced rise seen in lower‐middle‐income countries. Smoking‐related age‐standardised DALYs have decreased since 1990. However, there was a notable increase in males in upper‐middle‐income countries during the same period.ConclusionIn conclusion, the pancreatic cancer burden has been increasing globally. The burden of pancreatic cancer varies significantly among countries with different income levels. Effective preventions are needed to control the burden of pancreatic cancer.
The DeepLabV3+ Algorithm Combined With the ResNeXt Network for Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Wu Yanyan , Xie Yajun , Hong Yintao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a semantic segmentation algorithm for medical images, leveraging the DeepLabV3+ architecture in conjunction with the ResNeXt network. The proposed algorithm takes into account the correlation between each structure of lung images and the unique characteristics of image features. Firstly, the cavity convolution algorithm is employed to enhance the receptive field of the network's feature map without augmenting the number of network parameters. Then, the extraction of dense pixel features and the expansion of the receptive field for lung images are conducted using a Densely Connected Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (DenseASPP) module integrated with the ResNeXt network, which is based on multi‐scale feature fusion. This ultimately leads to improved refinement of the edges in segmented lung images. The algorithm has shown excellent performance in clinical applications, providing medical professionals with more precise and accurate data to inform diagnostic and treatment strategies. Our algorithm achieved Mean Pixel Accuracy (MPA) of 0.9866, Intersection Over Union (IOU) of 0.9886 and Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) of 0.9761, which demonstrates superiority over other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
A crop wild relative inventory for Brazil
Authors: Moulin Monique Moreira , Santos Talles de Oliveira , Ramos Semiramis Rabelo Ramalho , Maxted Nigel , Brehm Joana Magos 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWRs) are defined as wild plant taxa that are closely related to agricultural crops. In the face of global pressures of climates change and biodiversity loss, CWR requires urgent conservation attention. As a first step toward a national strategy for the conservation of CWRs, we present an inventory of taxa occurring in Brazil, with suggested prioritization of species based on potential value in crop improvement. The CWR checklist comprised 3652 taxa among 112 genera, and after applying the prioritization criteria, 289 CWRs were prioritized. The prioritized CWRs are related to crops of regional, national, and global importance such as cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), coffee (Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), orange (Citrus spp.), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), and cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). More than half of the prioritized CWRs (50.86%) are endemic, and 28.03% are nationally endangered. A subsequent prioritization was also carried out using the criteria of socioeconomic value of the related crop and endemism, with 95 taxa being prioritized. The production of the first CWR inventory for Brazil is an important tool for planning conservation actions as part of a national strategy to maintain food security.
5‐hydroxymethylcytosine features of portal venous blood predict metachronous liver metastases of colorectal cancer and reveal phosphodiesterase 4 as a therapeutic target
Authors: Xu Nuo , Gao Zhaoya , Wu Deyan , Chen Hangyu , Zhang Zijian , Zhang Lei , Wang Yuchen , Lu Xuyang , Yao Xu , Liu Xuelan , Huang Yi‐You , Qiu Meiying , Wang Sen , Liang Jinqiang , Mao Can , Zhang Feng , Xu Huimin , Wang Yujiao , Li Xian , Chen Zhexin , Huang Dandan , Shi Jingyi , Huang Wensheng , Lei Fuming , Yang Zeruo , Chen Long , He Chuan , Zhu Haichuan , Luo Hai‐Bin , Gu Jin , Lin Jian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetachronous liver metastases (MLM) are characterised by high incidence and high mortality in clinical colorectal cancer treatment. Currently traditional clinical methods cannot effectively predict and prevent the occurrence of metachronous liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. Based on 5hmC‐Seal analysis of blood and tissue samples, this study found that portal venous blood was more relevant to tumour gDNA than peripheral blood. We performed a novel epigenetic liquid biopsy strategy using the 10 5hmC epigenetic alterations, to accurately distinguish MLM patients from patients without metastases. Among these epigenetic alterations, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4D) was highly increased in MLM patients and correlated with poor survival. Moreover, our studies demonstrated that PDE4D was a key metastasis‐driven target for drug development. Interfering with the function of PDE4D significantly repressed liver metastases. Similarly, roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) therapy, also inhibits liver metastases. Further studies indicate that blocking the function of PDE4D can affect CRC invasion through the HIF‐1α‐CCN2 pathway. To develop a more efficient PDE4 inhibitor and reduce the occurrence of adverse events, we also designed several new compounds based on 2‐arylbenzofurans and discovered lead L11 with potent affinity for PDE4D and significant suppression of liver metastases. In this work, our study provides a promising strategy for predicting metachronous liver metastasis and discovers L11 as a potential repurposed drug for inhibiting liver metastasis, which have the potential to benefit patients with CRC in the future.Key points
5hmC epigenetic markers derived from portal venous blood could accurately predict metachronous metastasis of colorectal cancer.
PDE4D was a key metastasis‐driven target that promoted metachronous metastasis via the HIF‐1α‐CCN2 pathway.
The newly synthesised compound L11 could specifically inhibit PDE4D and abolish metachronous metastasis of colorectal cancer without obvious toxic side effects.
Muscle‐specific gene editing improves molecular and phenotypic defects in a mouse model of myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Izzo Mariapaola , Battistini Jonathan , Golini Elisabetta , Voellenkle Christine , Provenzano Claudia , Orsini Tiziana , Strimpakos Georgios , Scavizzi Ferdinando , Raspa Marcello , Baci Denisa , Frolova Svetlana , Tastsoglou Spyros , Zaccagnini Germana , Garcia‐Manteiga Jose Manuel , Gourdon Genevieve , Mandillo Silvia , Cardinali Beatrice , Martelli Fabio , Falcone Germana 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a genetic multisystemic disease, characterised by pleiotropic symptoms that exhibit notable variability in severity, nature and age of onset. The genetic cause of DM1 is the expansion of unstable CTG‐repeats in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the DMPK gene, resulting in the accumulation of toxic CUG‐transcripts that sequester RNA‐binding proteins and form nuclear foci in DM1 affected tissues and, consequently, alter various cellular processes. Therapeutic gene editing for treatment of monogenic diseases is a powerful technology that could in principle remove definitively the disease‐causing genetic defect. The precision and efficiency of the molecular mechanisms are still under investigation in view of a possible use in clinical practice.MethodsHere, we describe the application of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) strategy to remove the CTG‐expansion in the DMPK gene in a mouse model carrying the human transgene from a DM1 patient. To optimise the editing efficiency in vivo, we identified new tools that allowed to improve the expression levels and the activity of the CRISPR/Cas9 machinery. Newly designed guide RNA pairs were tested in DM1‐patient derived cells before in vivo application. Edited cells were analysed to assess the occurrence of off‐target and the accuracy of on‐target genomic events. Gene editing‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms leading to decreased accumulation of the mutated DMPK transcripts were also evaluated.Results and ConclusionSystemic delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components in DM1 mice, through myotropic adeno‐associated viral vectors, led to significant improvement of molecular alterations in the heart and skeletal muscle. Importantly, a persistent increase of body weight, improvement of muscle strength and body composition parameters were observed in treated animals. Accurate evaluation of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated‐phenotypic recovery in vivo is a crucial preclinical step for the development of a gene therapy for DM1 patients.Key points
In vivo application of a therapeutic gene editing strategy for permanent deletion of the pathogenetic CTG‐repeat amplification in the DMPK gene that causes myotonic dystrophy type 1.
Following treatment, diseased mice show a significant improvement of both molecular and phenotypic defects.
Joint Design of Fronthaul and Access Links in Massive MIMO Based CRANs
Authors: Rashid Umar , Awan Faheem G. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we address the challenge of limited channel capacity of wireless fronthaul links in cloud radio access networks (CRANs). A novel architecture is proposed in which the base band unit (BBU) is equipped with a massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna array to communicate with a set of remote radio heads (RRHs) that serve multiple user equipments (UEs). Moreover, an optimal signal quantization strategy is also designed at the BBU to accommodate for the limited fronthaul capacity. To this end, a joint optimization of power allocation at the BBU, quantization noise covariance, and RRH beamforming vectors is formulated via maximizing the achievable sum‐rate subject to power constraints at the BBU and RRHs. The resulting highly nonconvex problem is reformulated as a semidefinite relaxation (SDR) problem by using the difference of convex (DC) programming approach. It is also deduced analytically that the solution yielded by this SDR problem is always of rank one. Numerical results confirm the potential of the proposed system in improving the capacity of the CRAN systems with wireless fronthauling. In particular, the proposed design outperforms two proposed benchmark schemes.
Unraveling the Mechanisms That Regulate Osteoclast Differentiation: A Review of Current Advances
Authors: Zhang Sai , Gao Meng , Song Shuzhe , Zhao Tongdan , Zhou Bianhua , Wang Hongwei , Tian Weishun , Zhao Wenpeng , Zhao Jing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease primarily caused by a decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption. Osteoclasts are a special class of terminally differentiated cells that play an important role in normal bone remodeling and bone loss in osteoporosis as well as in a variety of osteolytic diseases. Osteoclasts can be differentiated from monocyte–macrophage cells of the hematopoietic system; they are the key cells in bone resorption. Osteoclast formation and differentiation are regulated by various cytokines and transcription factors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by factors such as M‐CSF, RANKL, AP‐1, NFATC1, MITF, and PU.1. Understanding these cytokines and transcription factors can not only help identify targets for osteoclast differentiation but also aid in intervening in the treatment of osteoclast‐related diseases.
Do Whale Sharks Select for Specific Environments to Give Birth?
Authors: Womersley Freya C. , Waller Matt J. , Sims David W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNeonate whale sharks < 1.5 m in length are rarely encountered, with approximately 35 sightings recorded globally between 1970 and 2020. Although potentially pregnant females seem to frequent certain sites, parturition areas are unknown, and most neonates have been sighted opportunistically in offshore environments, suggesting nursery habitat may occur in remote parts of the ocean. Here, documented accounts of neonate whale sharks with corresponding locations were mapped in relation to oceanography to identify whether there are commonalities in where they occur. Results show that locations of neonate sightings coincide with permanent oxygen minimum zones (OMZs)—with associated high surface chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) and low oxygen at depth—more often than would be expected by random chance. Two main hypotheses are proposed to explain this apparent association: (i) adult female whale sharks selectively pup in waters adjacent to low oxygen regions offering a proximate refuge from oceanic predators as well as enhanced foraging opportunities, or that (ii) pupping occurs randomly in the open ocean but that OMZs restrict neonates to shallower surface waters where they are more frequently encountered by humans than elsewhere. Testing both hypotheses requires more data on the relationship between whale shark movement ecology and dissolved oxygen concentrations. As a first step, a model predicts the highest likelihood of neonates occurring in waters above OMZs, focussed around intermediate Chl‐a regions at the boundaries of highly productive upwelling systems. These areas could be the focus of future, more targeted studies. Here, biologging devices measuring in situ oxygen concentrations will be useful for exploring how different life stages interact with OMZs, which are expanding due to climate‐driven deoxygenation. What this might mean for neonate whale shark conservation in future warmer oceans remains an open question.