bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update on the campylobacter epidemic from chicken meat in New Zealand: The urgent need for an upgraded regulatory response
Authors: Baker M. G. , Grout L. , Wilson N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
New Zealand has a long-running campylobacter infection (campylobacteriosis) epidemic with contaminated fresh chicken meat as the major source. This is both the highest impact zoonosis and the largest food safety problem in the country. Adding to this burden is the recent rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in these campylobacter infections acquired from locally-produced chicken. Campylobacteriosis rates halved in 2008, as compared with the previous 5 years, following the introduction of regulatory limits on allowable contamination levels in fresh chicken meat, with large health and economic benefits resulting. In the following decade, disease rates do not appear to have declined further. The cumulative impact would equate to an estimated 539 000 cases, 5480 hospitalisations, 284 deaths and economic costs of approximately US$380 million during the last 10 years (2009–2018). Additional regulatory interventions, that build on previously successful regulations in this country, are urgently needed to control the source of this epidemic.
A longer time spent at childcare is associated with lower diet quality among children aged 5–6 years, but not those aged 1.5–2 and 3–4 years: Dietary Observation and Nutrient intake for Good health Research in Japanese young children (DONGuRI) study
Authors: Yoshii Yui , Murakami Kentaro , Asakura Keiko , Masayasu Shizuko , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between the amount of time spent at childcare and diet quality in 668 Japanese children aged 1·5–6 years.Design:A cross-sectional design was used. Dietary information was collected using dietary records (1 d for children aged 1·5–2 years and 2 d for children aged 3–6 years). Diet quality was assessed by counting the number of nutrients not meeting the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Each child’s guardian reported the average amount of time spent at childcare per d for the previous 1 month.Setting:In total, 315 childcare centres located in twenty-four areas in Japan.Participants:In total, 753 children aged 1·5–6 years who attend childcare facilities.Results:After adjustment for potential confounders, OR for the low diet quality (≥ 5 of twenty nutrients not meeting DRI) in long (≥10 h/d) v. medium (8–10 h/d) childcare hours was 4·81 (95 % CI 1·96, 11·8) among children aged 5–6 years. There was no significant association in children aged 1·5–2 and 3–4 years.Conclusion:This study showed that long time spent at childcare was strongly associated with low diet quality among children aged 5–6 years, but not those aged 1·5–2 and 3–4 years. More research is needed to clarify different associations in each age group.
An Updated Assessment of Near‐Surface Temperature Change From 1850: The HadCRUT5 Data Set
Authors: Morice C. P. , Kennedy J. J. , Rayner N. A. , Winn J. P. , Hogan E. , Killick R. E. , Dunn R. J. H. , Osborn T. J. , Jones P. D. , Simpson I. R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present a new version of the Met Office Hadley Centre/Climatic Research Unit global surface temperature data set, HadCRUT5. HadCRUT5 presents monthly average near‐surface temperature anomalies, relative to the 1961–1990 period, on a regular 5° latitude by 5° longitude grid from 1850 to 2018. HadCRUT5 is a combination of sea‐surface temperature (SST) measurements over the ocean from ships and buoys and near‐surface air temperature measurements from weather stations over the land surface. These data have been sourced from updated compilations and the adjustments applied to mitigate the impact of changes in SST measurement methods have been revised. Two variants of HadCRUT5 have been produced for use in different applications. The first represents temperature anomaly data on a grid for locations where measurement data are available. The second, more spatially complete, variant uses a Gaussian process based statistical method to make better use of the available observations, extending temperature anomaly estimates into regions for which the underlying measurements are informative. Each is provided as a 200‐member ensemble accompanied by additional uncertainty information. The combination of revised input data sets and statistical analysis results in greater warming of the global average over the course of the whole record. In recent years, increased warming results from an improved representation of Arctic warming and a better understanding of evolving biases in SST measurements from ships. These updates result in greater consistency with other independent global surface temperature data sets, despite their different approaches to data set construction, and further increase confidence in our understanding of changes seen.
Characteristics of Energetic Electrons Near Active Magnetotail Reconnection Sites: Tracers of a Complex Magnetic Topology and Evidence of Localized Acceleration
Authors: Turner Drew L. , Cohen Ian J. , Bingham Samuel T. , Stephens Grant K. , Sitnov Mikhail I. , Mauk Barry H. , Denton Richard E. , Leonard Trevor W. , Fennell Joseph F. , Blake J. Bernard , Torbert Roy B. , Burch James L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present detailed observations and reconstructed magnetic field topologies from a magnetic reconnection event observed directly by NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. Comparing and contrasting energy and angular distributions of >50 keV electrons observed by three MMS spacecraft separated by only ∼18 km revealed a combination of chaotic motion and surprisingly coherent gyrophase bunching within a few thousand kilometers of the reconnection site. Such gyrophase‐bunched electrons have not been observed previously at these energies in relation to magnetic reconnection. Results indicate that the magnetic topology around the electron diffusion region was relatively stable over several seconds (i.e., more than a thousand electron gyro‐periods), and the observed gyrophase bunching may be the highest‐energy extent of coherent gyrophase structures observed at lower‐energies closer to the reconnection site. We hypothesize that the coherent gyrophase bunching was evidence of these energetic electrons being accelerated at the reconnection site and possibly also in the outflowing exhaust jets of the active reconnection. This case study exemplifies how energetic electrons can carry coherent signals of remote magnetic topologies and processes relevant to the physics of magnetic reconnection.
Soil Carbon Loss and Weak Fire Feedbacks During Pliocene C4 Grassland Expansion in Australia
Authors: Karp Allison T. , Andrae Jake W. , McInerney Francesca A. , Polissar Pratigya J. , Freeman Katherine H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractC4 grasslands proliferated later in Australia than they did on other continents (∼3.5 Ma vs. 10–5 Ma). It remains unclear whether this delay reflects differences in climate conditions or ecological feedbacks, such as fire, that promote C4 ecosystems. Here, we evaluated these factors using terrestrial biomarkers from marine sediments off western Australia. Fire‐derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) indicate fire ecology did not substantially change during or following C4 expansion. The presence of fire‐adapted C3 woody vegetation likely diminished the role of fire and delayed C4 expansion until it was prompted by climate drying between 3.5 and 3.0 Ma. At the same time, mass accumulation rates of weathered PAHs increased 100‐fold, which indicates a significant loss of soil carbon accompanied this ecosystem shift. The tight couplings between hydroclimate and carbon storage altered boundary conditions for Australian ecosystems, and similar abrupt behavior may shape environmental responses to climate change.
Probabilistic Projections of Multidimensional Flood Risks at a Convection‐Permitting Scale
Authors: Zhang B. , Wang S. , Wang Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding future river flood risk is a prerequisite for developing climate change adaptation strategies and enhancing disaster resilience. Previous flood risk assessments can barely take into account future changes of fine‐scale hydroclimatic characteristics and hardly quantify multivariate interactions among flood variables, thereby resulting in an unreliable assessment of flood risk. In this study, for the first time, we develop probabilistic projections of multidimensional river flood risks at a convection‐permitting scale through the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) climate simulations with 4‐km horizontal grid spacing. Vine copula has been widely used to assess the multidimensional dependence structure of hydroclimate variables, but the commonly used frequentist approach may fail to identify the correct vine model and to obtain the uncertainty interval. Thus, a Bayesian vine copula approach is proposed to explicitly address the multidimensional dependence of flood characteristics (i.e., flood peak, volume, and duration) and underlying uncertainties. The proposed approach enables a robust assessment of return periods of future floods for Guadalupe and Mission river basins located in South Texas of the United States. Our findings reveal that the South Texas region is projected to experience more flood events with longer duration and greater discharge volume. The flood peak, however, will not necessarily increase even though precipitation extremes are expected to become more frequent. The projected flood return periods over the Guadalupe river basin do not show an obvious increase while the Mission river basin is projected to face a dramatic increase in flood risk with exposed to 100‐year and even severer floods nearly every 2 years, on average, when considering the combined effects of flood peak, volume, and duration.
Reply to Comment by Jakobi et al. (2020) on “Soil Texture Often Exerts a Stronger Influence Than Precipitation on Mesoscale Soil Moisture Patterns”
Authors: Dong J. , Ochsner T. E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe appreciate the constructive comment by Jakobi et al. (2020), and we confirm the calculation mistakes which they discovered. In the corrected dataset, volumetric water content was more strongly correlated with sand content than with antecedent precipitation index (API) for 12 out of the 18 transect dates. For one of the dates when the API correlation was of larger magnitude than the sand content correlation, the API correlation was negative, which is physically illogical. The average correlation coefficient between volumetric water content and sand content was −0.48 across all transect dates. In contrast, the average correlation coefficient between the volumetric water content and API was only 0.25, approximately one‐half the magnitude of the sand content correlation. The spatial influence of precipitation on soil water content patterns is less stable and more complex compared to that of soil texture. We stand by the claim in our paper’s title, “Soil Texture Often Exerts a Stronger Influence Than Precipitation on Mesoscale Soil Moisture Patterns.”
Distinct genomic profiles of gestational choriocarcinoma, a unique cancer of pregnant tissues
Authors: Jung Seung-Hyun , Choi Youn Jin , Kim Min Sung , Park Hyeon-Chun , Han Mi-Ryung , Hur Soo Young , Lee Ah Won , Shin Ok Ran , Kim Jeana , Lee Sung Hak , Hong Dongwan , Song Sang Yong , Chung Yeun-Jun , Lee Sug Hyung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLittle is known about genomic alterations of gestational choriocarcinoma (GC), unique cancer that originates in pregnant tissues, and the progression mechanisms from the nonmalignant complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) to GC. Whole-exome sequencing (20 GCs) and/or single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray (29 GCs) were performed. We analyzed copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (CN-LOH) in 29 GCs that exhibited androgenetic CN-LOHs (20 monospermic, 8 dispermic) and no CN-LOH (one with NLRP7 mutation). Most GCs (25/29) harboring recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) and gains on 1q21.1-q44 were significantly associated with poor prognosis. We detected five driver mutations in the GCs, most of which were chromatin remodeling gene (ARID1A, SMARCD1, and EP300) mutations but not in common cancer genes such as TP53 and KRAS. One patient’s serial CHM/invasive mole/GC showed consistent CN-LOHs, but only the GC harbored CNAs, indicating that CN-LOH is an early pivotal event in HM-IM-GC development, and CNAs may be a late event that promotes CHM progression to GC. Our data indicate that GCs have unique profiles of CN-LOHs, mutations and CNAs that together differentiate GCs from non-GCs. Practically, CN-LOH and CNA profiles are useful for the molecular diagnosis of GC and the selection of GC patients with poor prognosis for more intensive treatments, respectively.
Adult mesenchymal stem cell ageing interplays with depressed mitochondrial Ndufs6
Authors: Zhang Yuelin , Guo Liyan , Han Shuo , Chen Ling , Li Cheng , Zhang Zhao , Hong Yimei , Zhang Xiaoxian , Zhou Xiaoya , Jiang Dan , Liang Xiaoting , Qiu Jianxiang , Zhang Jinqiu , Li Xin , Zhong Shilong , Liao Can , Yan Bin , Tse Hung-Fat , Lian Qizhou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has emerged as a novel strategy to treat many degenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that the function of MSCs declines with age, thus limiting their regenerative capacity. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms that control MSC ageing are not well understood. We show that compared with bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) isolated from young and aged samples, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur protein 6 (Ndufs6) is depressed in aged MSCs. Similar to that of Ndufs6 knockout (Ndufs6−/−) mice, MSCs exhibited a reduced self-renewal and differentiation capacity with a tendency to senescence in the presence of an increased p53/p21 level. Downregulation of Ndufs6 by siRNA also accelerated progression of wild-type BM-MSCs to an aged state. In contrast, replenishment of Ndufs6 in Ndufs6−/−-BM-MSCs significantly rejuvenated senescent cells and restored their proliferative ability. Compared with BM-MSCs, Ndufs6−/−-BM-MSCs displayed increased intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Treatment of Ndufs6−/−-BM-MSCs with mitochondrial ROS inhibitor Mito-TEMPO notably reversed the cellular senescence and reduced the increased p53/p21 level. We provide direct evidence that impairment of mitochondrial Ndufs6 is a putative accelerator of adult stem cell ageing that is associated with excessive ROS accumulation and upregulation of p53/p21. It also indicates that manipulation of mitochondrial function is critical and can effectively protect adult stem cells against senescence.
In cis TP53 and RAD51C pathogenic variants may predispose to sebaceous gland carcinomas
Authors: Le Duc Diana , Hentschel Julia , Neuser Sonja , Stiller Mathias , Meier Carolin , Jäger Elisabeth , Abou Jamra Rami , Platzer Konrad , Monecke Astrid , Ziemer Mirjana , Markovic Aleksander , Bläker Hendrik , Lemke Johannes R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPathogenic variants inTP53have been classically thought to cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a cancer predisposition with high risks for various childhood- and adult-onset malignancies. However, increased genetic testing has lately revealed, that pathogenic variant carriers exhibit a broader range of phenotypes and that penetrance may be dependent both on variant type and modifiers. Using next generation sequencing and short tandem repeat analysis, we identified germline pathogenic variants inTP53andRAD51Clocated incison chromosome 17 in a 43-year-old male, who has developed a rare sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) but so far no tumors of the LFS spectrum. This course mirrors aTrp53-Rad51c-double-mutantcismouse-model, which similarly develops SGC, while the characteristicTrp53-associated tumor spectrum occurs with significantly lower frequency. Therefore, we propose that co-occurent pathogenic variants inRAD51CandTP53may predispose to SGC, reminiscent of Muir-Torre syndrome. Further, this report supports the diversity of clinical presentations associated with germlineTP53alterations, and thus, the proposed expansion of LFS to heritableTP53-related cancer syndrome.
Calculation of external climate costs for food highlights inadequate pricing of animal products
Authors: Pieper Maximilian , Michalke Amelie , Gaugler Tobias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough the agricultural sector is globally a main emitter of greenhouse gases, thorough economic analysis of environmental and social externalities has not yet been conducted. Available research assessing agricultural external costs lacks a differentiation between farming systems and food categories. A method addressing this scientific gap is established in this paper and applied in the context of Germany. Using life-cycle assessment and meta-analytical approaches, we calculate the external climate costs of foodstuff. Results show that external greenhouse gas costs are highest for conventional and organic animal-based products (2.41€/kg product; 146% and 71% surcharge on producer price level), followed by conventional dairy products (0.24€/kg product; 91% surcharge) and lowest for organic plant-based products (0.02€/kg product; 6% surcharge). The large difference of relative external climate costs between food categories as well as the absolute external climate costs of the agricultural sector imply the urgency for policy measures that close the gap between current market prices and the true costs of food.
Li1.5La1.5MO6 (M = W6+, Te6+) as a new series of lithium-rich double perovskites for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Amores Marco , El-Shinawi Hany , McClelland Innes , Yeandel Stephen R. , Baker Peter J. , Smith Ronald I. , Playford Helen Y. , Goddard Pooja , Corr Serena A. , Cussen Edmund J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSolid-state batteries are a proposed route to safely achieving high energy densities, yet this architecture faces challenges arising from interfacial issues between the electrode and solid electrolyte. Here we develop a novel family of double perovskites, Li1.5La1.5MO6 (M = W6+, Te6+), where an uncommon lithium-ion distribution enables macroscopic ion diffusion and tailored design of the composition allows us to switch functionality to either a negative electrode or a solid electrolyte. Introduction of tungsten allows reversible lithium-ion intercalation below 1 V, enabling application as an anode (initial specific capacity >200 mAh g-1 with remarkably low volume change of ∼0.2%). By contrast, substitution of tungsten with tellurium induces redox stability, directing the functionality of the perovskite towards a solid-state electrolyte with electrochemical stability up to 5 V and a low activation energy barrier (<0.2 eV) for microscopic lithium-ion diffusion. Characterisation across multiple length- and time-scales allows interrogation of the structure-property relationships in these materials and preliminary examination of a solid-state cell employing both compositions suggests lattice-matching avenues show promise for all-solid-state batteries.
Overcoming gender inequality for climate resilient development
Authors: Andrijevic Marina , Crespo Cuaresma Jesus , Lissner Tabea , Thomas Adelle , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGender inequalities are reflected in differential vulnerability, and exposure to the hazards posed by climate change and addressing them is key to increase the adaptive capacities of societies. We provide trajectories of the Gender Inequality Index (GII) alongside the Shared-Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), a scenario framework widely used in climate science. Here we find that rapid improvements in gender inequality are possible under a sustainable development scenario already in the near-term. The share of girls growing up in countries with the highest gender inequality could be reduced to about 24% in 2030 compared to about 70% today. Largely overcoming gender inequality as assessed in the GII would be within reach by mid-century. Under less optimistic scenarios, gender inequality may persist throughout the 21st century. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating gender in scenarios assessing future climate impacts and underscore the relevance of addressing gender inequalities in policies aiming to foster climate resilient development.
A collection of bacterial isolates from the pig intestine reveals functional and taxonomic diversity
Authors: Wylensek David , Hitch Thomas C. A. , Riedel Thomas , Afrizal Afrizal , Kumar Neeraj , Wortmann Esther , Liu Tianzhe , Devendran Saravanan , Lesker Till R. , Hernández Sara B. , Heine Viktoria , Buhl Eva M. , M. D’Agostino Paul , Cumbo Fabio , Fischöder Thomas , Wyschkon Marzena , Looft Torey , Parreira Valeria R. , Abt Birte , Doden Heidi L. , Ly Lindsey , Alves João M. P. , Reichlin Markus , Flisikowski Krzysztof , Suarez Laura Navarro , Neumann Anthony P. , Suen Garret , de Wouters Tomas , Rohn Sascha , Lagkouvardos Ilias , Allen-Vercoe Emma , Spröer Cathrin , Bunk Boyke , Taverne-Thiele Anja J. , Giesbers Marcel , Wells Jerry M. , Neuhaus Klaus , Schnieke Angelika , Cava Felipe , Segata Nicola , Elling Lothar , Strowig Till , Ridlon Jason M. , Gulder Tobias A. M. , Overmann Jörg , Clavel Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOur knowledge about the gut microbiota of pigs is still scarce, despite the importance of these animals for biomedical research and agriculture. Here, we present a collection of cultured bacteria from the pig gut, including 110 species across 40 families and nine phyla. We provide taxonomic descriptions for 22 novel species and 16 genera. Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequence data and metagenome-assembled genomes reveal prevalent and pig-specific species within Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, and several new genera described in this study. Potentially interesting functions discovered in these organisms include a fucosyltransferase encoded in the genome of the novel species Clostridium porci, and prevalent gene clusters for biosynthesis of sactipeptide-like peptides. Many strains deconjugate primary bile acids in in vitro assays, and a Clostridium scindens strain produces secondary bile acids via dehydroxylation. In addition, cells of the novel species Bullifex porci are coccoidal or spherical under the culture conditions tested, in contrast with the usual helical shape of other members of the family Spirochaetaceae. The strain collection, called ‘Pig intestinal bacterial collection’ (PiBAC), is publicly available at www.dsmz.de/pibac and opens new avenues for functional studies of the pig gut microbiota.
Uniform spatial pooling explains topographic organization and deviation from receptive-field scale invariance in primate V1
Authors: Chen Y. , Ko H. , Zemelman B. V. , Seidemann E. , Nauhaus I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReceptive field (RF) size and preferred spatial frequency (SF) vary greatly across the primary visual cortex (V1), increasing in a scale invariant fashion with eccentricity. Recent studies reveal that preferred SF also forms a fine-scale periodic map. A fundamental open question is how local variability in preferred SF is tied to the overall spatial RF. Here, we use two-photon imaging to simultaneously measure maps of RF size, phase selectivity, SF bandwidth, and orientation bandwidth—all of which were found to be topographically organized and correlate with preferred SF. Each of these newly characterized inter-map relationships strongly deviate from scale invariance, yet reveal a common motif—they are all accounted for by a model with uniform spatial pooling from scale invariant inputs. Our results and model provide novel and quantitative understanding of the output from V1 to downstream circuits.