bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A literature review on the parvovirus B19 infection in sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia patients
Authors: Soltani Saber , Zakeri Armin , Tabibzadeh Alireza , Zandi Milad , Ershadi Elham , Akhavan Rezayat Sara , Khaseb Sanaz , Zakeri Amir mohammad , Ashtar Nakhaei Mohammadvala , Afzali Shervin , Farahani Abbas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundParvovirus B19 is the causative agent for erythema infectiosum, and also as a potentially life-threatening infectious agent, it is mainly presented in high erythrocyte turnover patients. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited monogenic hematological disorder resulting from the mutations in the hemoglobin β-chain gene. Thalassemia is a hereditary hematological syndrome that happens in consequence of deficiencies in the production of one or more globin chains. We summarize current knowledge about the prevalence rates of the parvovirus B19 infection in sickle cell anemia and thalassemia patients.MethodsSeveral online databases were searched including, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed, which were performed amidst 2009–2019 by using distinct keywords: “Thalassemia,” “Parvovirus,” “Anemia,” “Sickle cell anemia,” “parvoviridae,” “parvoviridae infection,” and “parvovirus B19.”ResultsSearch results indicated 4 and 7 studies for the prevalence of the parvovirus B19 in β-thalassemia and SCD, respectively. Among the β-thalassemia patients, the B19V seroprevalence for IgG and IgM were ranged from 18.2–81% and 14.5–41.1%, respectively; meanwhile, B19V DNA positively results was 4–15.3%. Moreover, in the SCD group, the extent of B19V IgG was varied from 37.6 to 65.9% and that of IgM was in a range of 2.9–30%, and the DNA detection rate was 4–54%.ConclusionB19V seroprevalence changes in several conditions including, different epidemiological features, socio-economic status, and overpopulation. Age can expand the incidence of anti-B19V IgG/IgM in SCD and beta-thalassemia patients. Reinfection and diverse genotypes are relevant factors in the seroprevalence of B19v. The patients’ immunological-hematological station and higher abundance of transfusions can affect the B19V seroprevalence in SCD and beta-thalassemia group. Further investigations in this field could be suggested to better understand the virus distribution in this susceptible population of patients.
Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of mammographically detected asymmetric densities
Authors: Zidan Mohamed , Saad Shimaa Ali , Abo Elhamd Eman , Galal Hosam Eldin , Elkady Reem 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Asymmetric breast density is a potentially perplexing finding; it may be due to normal hormonal variation of the parenchymal pattern and summation artifact or it may indicate an underlying true pathology. The current study aimed to identify the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the assessment of breast asymmetries.

Results
Fifty breast lesions were detected corresponding to the mammographic asymmetry. There were 35 (70%) benign lesions and 15 (30%) malignant lesions. The mean ADC value was 1.59 ± 0.4 × 10–3 mm2/s for benign lesions and 0.82 ± 0.3 × 10–3 mm2/s for malignant lesions. The ADC cutoff value to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions was 1.10 × 10–3 mm2/s with sensitivity 80%, specificity 88.6%, positive predictive value 75%, negative predictive value 91%, and accuracy 86%. Best results were achieved by implementation of the combined DCE-MRI and DWI protocol, with sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 94.3%, positive predictive value 87.5%, negative predictive value 97.1%, and accuracy 94%.

Conclusion
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) was the most sensitive method for the detection of the underlying malignant pathology of breast asymmetries. However, it provided a limited specificity that may cause improper final BIRADS classification and may increase the unnecessary invasive procedures. DWI was used as an adjunctive method to DCE-MRI that maintained high sensitivity and increased specificity and the overall diagnostic accuracy of breast MRI examination. Best results can be achieved by the combined protocol of DCE-MRI and DWI.
Cross hole sonic test results for analysis of pile load test
Authors: Bagui Swapan Kunar , Puri S. K. , Subbiah K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractQuality of concrete for pile can be checked using Cross-hole Sonic Logging (CSL) Test. A processing method wide-band CSL data is presented herein. First Time Arrival (FTA) is an important consideration. In pile capacity analysis or CSL analysis, it is assumed that pile cross section is uniform with uniform value of elastic modulus of concrete but in real practice both are non-uniform. The procedure identifies the location accuracy and further characterizes the features of the defect. FTA is used to find out the location of the distress in the pile. This method identifies the exact location of any void or defect inside the rebar cage of a drilled shaft. This method provides a significant improvement to current techniques used in quality control during construction of bridges. In this present paper, the analysis has been carried out based on uniform and non-uniform values of pile cross section and E value of concrete. Cross hole sonic and pile load test using O-Cell were carried out on same pile at 7 and 28 days of concreting. Same pipes were used for base grout after cross hole sonic test. These results were used to analyze O-cell test results based on a case study and presented in this paper. The distribution of skin frication and skin friction force has also been presented herein with both uniform and non-uniform cross section and E values of concrete. Based on the field test results and analysis a simplified methodology, has been proposed in this paper, for development of Equivalent Top Down Loading with consideration of elastic shortening of pile and surrounding soil for both cases i.e., uniform and non-uniform E values and pile cross sections.
Retromer retrieves the Wilson disease protein ATP7B from endolysosomes in a copper-dependent manner
Authors: Das Santanu , Maji Saptarshi , Ruturaj  , Bhattacharya Indira , Saha Tanusree , Naskar Nabanita , Gupta Arnab 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The Wilson disease protein, ATP7B maintains copper (herein referring to the Cu+ ion) homeostasis in the liver. ATP7B traffics from trans-Golgi network to endolysosomes to export excess copper. Regulation of ATP7B trafficking to and from endolysosomes is not well understood. We investigated the fate of ATP7B after copper export. At high copper levels, ATP7B traffics primarily to acidic, active hydrolase (cathepsin-B)-positive endolysosomes and, upon subsequent copper chelation, returns to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). At high copper, ATP7B colocalizes with endolysosomal markers and with a core member of retromer complex, VPS35. Knocking down VPS35 did not abrogate the copper export function of ATP7B or its copper-responsive anterograde trafficking to vesicles; rather upon subsequent copper chelation, ATP7B failed to relocalize to the TGN, which was rescued by overexpressing wild-type VPS35. Overexpressing mutants of the retromer complex-associated proteins Rab7A and COMMD1 yielded a similar non-recycling phenotype of ATP7B. At high copper, VPS35 and ATP7B are juxtaposed on the same endolysosome and form a large complex that is stabilized by in vivo photoamino acid labeling and UV-crosslinking. We demonstrate that retromer regulates endolysosome to TGN trafficking of copper transporter ATP7B in a manner that is dependent upon intracellular copper.
Similar foraging energetics of two sympatric albatrosses despite contrasting life histories and wind-mediated foraging strategies
Authors: Kroeger Caitlin E. , Crocker Daniel E. , Orben Rachael A. , Thompson David R. , Torres Leigh G. , Sagar Paul M. , Sztukowski Lisa A. , Andriese Timothy , Costa Daniel P. , Shaffer Scott A. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Understanding the environmental and behavioral factors that influence how organisms maintain energy balance can inform us about their potential resiliency to rapid environmental changes. Flexibility in maintaining energy balance is particularly important to long-lived, central-place foraging seabirds that are constrained when locating food for offspring in a dynamic ocean environment. To understand the role of environmental interactions, behavioral flexibility and morphological constraints on energy balance, we used doubly labeled water to measure the at-sea daily energy expenditure (DEE) of two sympatrically breeding seabirds, Campbell (Thalassarche impavida) and grey-headed (Thalassarche chrysostoma) albatrosses. We found that species and sexes had similar foraging costs, but DEE varied between years for both species and sexes during early chick rearing in two consecutive seasons. For both species, greater DEE was positively associated with larger proportional mass gain, lower mean wind speeds during water take-offs, greater proportions of strong tailwinds (&gt;12 m s−1), and younger chick age. Greater proportional mass gains were marginally more costly in male albatrosses that already have higher wing loading. DEE was higher during flights with a greater proportion of strong headwinds for grey-headed albatrosses only. Poleward winds are forecasted to intensify over the next century, which may increase DEE for grey-headed albatrosses that heavily use this region during early chick rearing. Female Campbell albatrosses may be negatively affected by forecasted slackening winds at lower latitudes due to an expected greater reliance on less energy efficient sit-and-wait foraging strategies. Behavioral plasticity associated with environmental variation may influence future population responses to climate change of both species.
Three auditory brainstem response (ABR) methods tested and compared in two anuran species
Authors: Lauridsen Tanya B. , Brandt Christian , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jakob 
Published: December 2020

Hearing sensitivity has been extensively investigated, often by measuring the auditory brainstem response (ABR). ABR measurements are relatively non-invasive, easy to reproduce, and allow the assessment of sensitivity when psychophysical data are difficult to obtain. However, the experimental methods differ greatly in respect to stimulation, which may result in different audiograms.
We used three different methods in the same individual frogs: Stimulating with brief tone bursts (tABR), long-duration tones (ltABR), and masked ABR (mABR) where transients are masked by a long-duration sinusoid, and the sensitivity is assessed by the difference between unmasked and masked ABR.
We measured sensitivity in a range from 100 to 3500 Hz, and the resulting audiograms show two sensitivity peaks at 400-600 Hz and 1500-1600 Hz (both sensitive down to 30 dB re. 20 µPa). We found similar results below 1000 Hz, but when stimulating with long-duration tones, the sensitivity decreased more rapidly above this frequency. We showed that the frequency specificity of tone bursts becomes poorly defined with shorter duration at low frequencies. Comparisons between subjectively (visual inspection by researchers) and objectively (thresholds defined by SNR) defined audiograms showed very little variation. In conclusion the mABR method gave the most sensitive audiograms. The tABR method showed a similar audiogram, when using relatively long-duration tone bursts (25 ms). The ltABR method is not a good choice for studying hearing thresholds above 1000 Hz, because of the bias introduced by spike rate saturation in the nerve fibers and their inability to phase lock.
Chyle Leak Following Radical En Bloc Esophagectomy with Two-Field Nodal Dissection: Predisposing Factors, Management, and Outcomes
Authors: Milito Pamela , Chmelo Jakub , Dunn Lorna , Kamarajah Sivesh K. , Madhavan Anantha , Wahed Shajahan , Immanuel Arul , Griffin S. Michael , Phillips Alexander W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Chyle leak is an uncommon complication following esophagectomy, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality; however, the optimal treatment for the chylothorax is still controversial.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, management, and outcomes of chyle leaks within a specialist esophagogastric cancer center.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancers (adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma) between 1997 and 2017 at the Northern Oesophagogastric Unit were included from a contemporaneously maintained database. Primary outcome was overall survival, while secondary outcomes were overall complications, anastomotic leaks, and pulmonary complications.

Results
During the study period, 992 patients underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancers, and 5% (n = 50) of them developed chyle leaks. There was no significant difference in survival in patients who developed a chyle leak compared with those who did not (median: 40 vs. 45 months; p = 0.60). Patients developing chyle leaks had a significantly longer length of stay in critical care (median: 4 vs. 2 days; p = 0.002), but no difference in total length of hospital stay.

Conclusion
Chyle leak remains a complication following esophagectomy, with limited understanding on its pathophysiology in postoperative recovery. However, these data indicate chyle leak does not have a long-term impact on patients and does not affect long-term survival.
Perspectives on public health interventions in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand
Authors: Pan-ngum Wirichada , Poomchaichote Tassawan , Peerawaranun Pimnara , Kulpijit Natinee , Osterrieder Anne , Waithira Naomi , Mukaka Mavuto , Naemiratch Bhensri , Chanviriyavuth Rita , Asarath Supa-at , Ruangkajorn Supanat , Kannika Noppadon , Cheah Phaik Yeong 
Published: December 2020

Background: Any government needs to react quickly to a pandemic and make decisions on healthcare interventions locally and internationally with little information regarding the perceptions of people and the reactions they may receive during the implementation of restrictions. Methods: We report an anonymous online survey in Thailand conducted in May 2020 to assess public perceptions of three interventions in the Thai context: isolation, quarantine and social distancing. A total of 1,020 participants, of whom 52% were women, responded to the survey. Results: Loss of income was the main concern among respondents (>80% for all provinces in Thailand). Traditional media and social media were important channels for communication during the pandemic. A total of 92% of respondents reported that they changed their social behaviour even before the implementation of government policy with 94% reporting they performed social distancing, 97% reported using personal protective equipment such as masks and 95% reported using sanitizer products. Conclusions: This study showed a high level of compliance from individuals with government enforced or voluntarily controls such as quarantine, isolation and social distancing in Thailand. The findings from this study can be used to inform future government measures to control the pandemic and to shape communication strategies.
A systematic review of the non-surgical treatment of Perthes’ disease
Authors: Galloway Adam M. , van-Hille Thomas , Perry Daniel C. , Holton Colin , Mason Laura , Richards Suzanne , Siddle Heidi J. , Comer Christine 
Published: December 2020

AimsPerthes’ disease is a condition leading to necrosis of the femoral head. It is most common in children aged four to nine years, affecting around one per 1,200 children in the UK. Management typically includes non-surgical treatment options, such as physiotherapy with/without surgical intervention. However, there is significant variation in care with no consensus on the most effective treatment option.MethodsThis systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of non-surgical interventions for the treatment of Perthes’ disease. Comparative studies (experimental or observational) of any non-surgical intervention compared directly with any alternative intervention (surgical, non-surgical or no intervention) were identified from: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMcare, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Data were extracted on interventions compared and methodological quality. For post-intervention primary outcome of radiological scores (Stulberg and/or Mose), event rates for poor scores were calculated with significance values. Secondary outcomes included functional measures, such as range of movement, and patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life.ResultsIn all, 15 studies (1,745 participants) were eligible for inclusion: eight prospective cohort studies, seven retrospective cohort studies, and no randomized controlled trials were identified. Non-surgical interventions largely focused on orthotic management (14/15 studies) and physical interventions such as muscle strengthening or stretching (5/15 studies). Most studies were of high/unknown risk of bias, and the range of patient outcomes was very limited, as was reporting of treatment protocols. Similar proportions of children achieving poor radiological outcomes were found for orthotic management and physical interventions, such as physiotherapy or weightbearing alteration, compared with surgical interventions or no intervention.ConclusionEvidence from non-randomized studies found no robust evidence regarding the most effective non-surgical interventions for the treatment of children with Perthes’ disease. Future research, employing randomized trial designs, and reporting a wider range of patient outcomes is urgently needed to inform clinical practice. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2020;1-12:720–730.
Profile of sexually transmitted infections causing urethritis and a related inflammatory reaction in urine among heterosexual males: A flow-cytometry study
Authors: Tjagur Stanislav , Mändar Reet , Punab Margus 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundInformation about the use of flow cytometry in the diagnosis of male urethritis is scarce. The current study aims to evaluate the performance of flow cytometry on first-voided urine in males with infectious urethritis (Chlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Mycoplasma genitaliumandTrichomonas vaginalis).MethodsMale patients of the Andrology Centre (Tartu University Hospital, Estonia) were recruited during the period March 2015 –January 2018. Cases included 306 patients with infectious urethritis caused byChlamydia trachomatis,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Mycoplasma genitaliumand/orTrichomonas vaginalis. The control group consisted of 192 patients without uro-genital complaints, negative tests forC.trachomatis,N.gonorrhoeae,M.genitaliumandT.vaginalisfrom first-voided urine and no inflammation in first-voided urine, mid-stream urine and urine after prostate massage.C.trachomatis,N.gonorrhoeae,M.genitaliumandT.vaginaliswere detected from first-voided urine using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. First-voided urine was analysed using urine particle analyzer Sysmex UF-500i.ResultsThe most prevalent infection was chlamydia (64.1%), followed byMycoplasma genitalium(20.9%), gonorrhoea (7.8%) and trichomoniasis (1.6%). Gonorrhoea caused the highest flow-cytometric leucocyte/bacteria count, followed by chlamydia andMycoplasma genitalium.Trichomonas vaginalisshowed nearly absent inflammation in first-voided urine. Using an empiric flow-cytometry diagnostic threshold for urethritis in first-voided urine (leucocytes ≥ 15/μl and bacteria ≥ 20/μl) the total calculated sensitivity was over 90%. However, when applying such criteria for deciding whether to perform first-voided urine PCR forC.trachomatis,N.gonorrhoeae,M.genitaliumandT.vaginalisor not, we could miss 23 cases with infectious urethritis that makes up 7,5% of all proven cases.ConclusionsFlow cytometry of first-voided urine can be considered as a rapid and objective screening method in case of suspected male infectious urethritis.
Pediatric health-related quality of life and school social capital through network perspectives
Authors: Hirota Tomoya , Takahashi Michio , Adachi Masaki , Nakamura Kazuhiko 
Published: December 2020

Background
Despite their importance in population health among children and adolescents, our understanding of how individual items mutually interact within and between pediatric health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and school social capital is limited.

Methods
We employed network analysis in a general population sample of 7759 children aged 9–15 years to explore the network structure of relations among pediatric HRQOL and school social capital items measured using validated scales. Furthermore, network centrality was examined to identify central items that had stronger and more direct connections with other items in the network than others. Network structure and overall strength of connectivity among items were compared between groups (by sex and age).

Results
Our analysis revealed that the item related to school/academic functioning and the item related to shared enjoyment among students had the highest strength centrality in the network of HRQOL and school social capital, respectively, underpinning their critical roles in pediatric HRQOL and school social capital. Additionally, the edge connecting “I trust my friends at school” and “trouble getting along with peers” had the strongest negative edge weight among ones connecting school social capital and pediatric HRQOL constructs. Network comparison test revealed stronger overall network connectivity in middle schoolers compared to elementary schoolers but no differences between male and female students.

Conclusion
The network approach elucidated the complex relationship of mutually influencing items within and between pediatric HRQOL and school social capital. Addressing central items may promote children’s perceived health and school social capital.
The association between osteopontin and tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Dongguang , Tong Xiang , Wang Lian , Zhang Shijie , Huang Jizhen , Zhang Li , Fan Hong 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveWe examined the data reported in the studies for comparison of osteopontin (OPN) levels in tuberculosis and healthy participants, and to discuss whether OPN could be extended to disease diagnosis, severity assessment and therapeutic effect monitering.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang databases. The pooled risk estimates were shown in standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for OPN levels. The random effect model was used according to the test of heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression models were performed to identify the possible sources of heterogeneity.Results17 retrospective studies with 933 tuberculosis participants and 786 healthy controls were finally included in this article. In the primary meta-analysis, higher serum/plasma OPN levels were found in tuberculosis patients (SMD = 2.58, 95%CI = 2.09~3.08,P<0.001). Besides, pooled results from positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining and imaging-severe tuberculosis group demonstrated higher OPN concentrations (SMD = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.58~1.21,P<0.001; SMD = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.90~1.33,P<0.001; respectively), and OPN levels decreased after two months of standard anti-tuberculosis therapy (SMD = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.36~2.85,P<0.001).ConclusionsElevated serum/plasma OPN levels may be associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis, while further well-designed studies are needed. Moreover, OPN could be considered as a potential biomarker for tuberculosis surveillance and severity assessment.