bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand Hygiene Improvement or Antibiotic Restriction to Control the Household Transmission of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli: A Mathematical Modelling Study
Authors: Kardas-Sloma Lidia , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Perozziello Anne , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Lescure François-Xavier , Cousien Anthony , Lucet Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The best strategy to control ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) spread in the community is lacking. Methods We developed an individual-based transmission model to evaluate the impact of hand hygiene (HH) improvement and reduction in antibiotic use on the within-household transmission of ESBL-EC. We used data from the literature and incorporated key elements of ESBL-EC transmission such as the frequency and nature of contacts among household members, antibiotic use in the community and hand hygiene behaviour. We introduced in a household a single ESBL-EC colonised person and simulated the transmission dynamics of ESBL-EC over a one-year time horizon. Results The probability of ESBL-EC acquisition depended on the household composition and the profile of the initial carrier. In the two-person household, the probability of ESBL-EC acquisition by another household member was 5.3% (95% CI 5.0-5.6) and 6.6% (6.3-6.9) when the index person was a woman or a man, respectively. In a four-person household, the probability of acquisition varied from 61.4% (60.9-62.0) to 68.8% (68.3- 69.3) and was the highest when the index patient was the baby. Improving HH by 50% reduced the probability of transmission by 33-62%. Antibiotic restriction by 50% reduced the transmission by 2-6%. Conclusions The acquisition of ESBL-EC is frequent in households and especially those with a baby. Antibiotic reduction had little impact on ESBL-EC. Improvement of hygiene in the community could help prevent transmission of ESBL-EC.
Risk Factors for Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Huanggang, China: A Single-Centre Multivariate Pattern Analysis
Authors: Chen Yinyin , Linli Zeqiang , Lei Yuting , Yang Yiya , Liu Zhipeng , Xia Youchun , Liang Yumei , Zhu Huabo , Guo Shuixia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To date, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a worldwide distribution. Risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients, especially detailed self-evaluation indicators and laboratory-examination indicators, have not been well described. In this paper, a total of 192 critically ill patients (142 were discharged and 50 died in the hospital) with COVID-19 were included. Self-evaluation indicators including demographics, baseline characteristics and symptoms and detailed lab-examination indicators were extracted. Data were first compared between survivors and non-survivors. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was performed to identify possible risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients. MVPA achieved a relatively high classification accuracy of 93% when using both self-evaluation indicators and laboratory-examination indicators. Several self-evaluation factors related to COVID-19 were highly associated with mortality, including age, duration (time from illness onset to admission), and the Barthel index score. When the duration, age and Barthel index increased by one day, one year and one point, the mortality increased by 3.6%, 2.4% and 0.9% respectively. Laboratory-examination indicators including C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet count, fibrin degradation products (FDP), oxygenation index (OI), lymphocyte count and D-dimer were also risk factors. Among them, duration was the strongest predictor of all-cause mortality. Several self-evaluation indicators that can simply be obtained by questionnaires and without clinical examination were the risk factors of all-cause mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The prediction model can be used by individuals to improve health awareness, and by clinicians to identify high-risk individuals.
Prevalence of the root lesion nematode virus (RLNV1) in populations of Pratylenchus penetrans from North America
Authors: Vieira Paulo , Peetz Amy , Mimee Benjamin , Saikai Kanan , Mollov Dimitre , MacGuidwin Ann , Zasada Inga , Nemchinov Lev G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Root lesion nematode virus 1 (RLNV1) was discovered in the migratory endoparasitic nematode species Pratylenchus penetrans. It was found in a P. penetrans population collected from soil samples in Beltsville, Maryland, USA. In this study, the distribution of the RLNV1 in 31 geographically distinct P. penetrans populations obtained from different crops was examined. The results demonstrate that RLNV1 is widespread in North American populations of P. penetrans and exhibits low genetic variability in the helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase regions of the genome.
Daily runoff forecasting based on data-augmented neural network model
Authors: Bi Xiao-ying , Li Bo , Lu Wen-long , Zhou Xin-zhi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Accurate daily runoff prediction plays an important role in the management and utilization of water resources. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction, this paper proposes a deep neural network (CAGANet) composed of a convolutional layer, an attention mechanism, a gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network, and an autoregressive (AR) model. Given that the daily runoff sequence is abrupt and unstable, it is difficult for a single model and combined model to obtain high-precision daily runoff predictions directly. Therefore, this paper uses a linear interpolation method to enhance the stability of hydrological data and apply the augmented data to the CAGANet model, the support vector machine (SVM) model, the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and the attention-mechanism-based LSTM model (AM-LSTM). The comparison results show that among the four models based on data augmentation, the CAGANet model proposed in this paper has the best prediction accuracy. Its Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency can reach 0.993. Therefore, the CAGANet model based on data augmentation is a feasible daily runoff forecasting scheme.
The development of statistical downscaling methods for assessing the effects of climate change on the precipitation isotopes concentration
Authors: Mosaffa Maryam , Nazif Sara , Khalaj Amirhosseini Youssef 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, stable isotopes of the water molecule (oxygen-18 and deuterium) have become a useful tool for tracking the water cycle. The concentration of these tracers changes with variations of water molecules within the water cycle. Due to this feature of isotopes, global large-scale isotope models have been developed. On the other hand, numerous local and global networks have been created in order to monitor the concentration of precipitation isotopes. The main problem with the simultaneous use of these local stations and the large-scale isotope datasets is their temporal and spatial mismatch. To use both isotope databases for monitoring the hydrological cycle in local scale, it is necessary to downscale the large-scale models' outputs. In this research, a downscaling approach is proposed for isotopes' concentrations using three statistical models, including multiple linear regression, generalized linear and weighting least square regression models. The results indicate that the implementation of the statistical downscaling method in the case of information preprocessing based on the seasonal changes, their spatial variations and a suitable method selection is a useful tool for monitoring the climate changes of a region according to the information on the stable oxygen-18 isotope.
Ecological Water Quality Index associated with factor analysis to classify surface waters
Authors: Boyacıoğlu Hayal , Boyacıoğlu Hülya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe object of this study was the development of a new water quality index called the Ecological Water Quality Index (EWQI) which is flexible enough to represent the ecological status of surface waters by assessing chemical quality based on supranational legislation. Eleven variables including nutrients, salts and total parameters were selected as index components. Threshold values were assigned to seven water-quality classes as defined by the legislation and were used to develop mathematical equations to convert observed values to index scores. Depending on the ecological importance of the parameters, weights were assigned to each variable and then a weighted sum method was performed to aggregate sub-indices. The applicability of the method was demonstrated in two basins located in Turkey. Factor analysis was applied to optimize the index component selection process. Several alternatives were tested to comprise at least one variable from each defined factor class (e.g. salinity content) to calculate an index score representing ecological status. Results showed that there were slight differences between index scores of the various tested alternatives. These differences did not cause misclassification of surface waters. The study showed that the EWQI method combined with factor analysis could be a practical and efficient way to represent the ecological status of surface waters.
Synergistic modification of bentonite by acid activation and hydroxyl iron pillaring for enhanced dye adsorption capacity
Authors: Xi Huan , Li Qingqing , Yang Yan , Zhang Jianfeng , Guo Feng , Wang Xiaogang , Xu Shikai , Ruan Shiping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Despite the fact of natural abundance, low cost and environmental friendliness, the far-from-sufficient adsorption capacity of natural bentonite (BT) has limited such a promising application to remove dye pollutants. In this paper, we proposed a facile modification strategy to enhance adsorption performance of bentonite utilizing synergistic acid activation and hydroxyl iron pillaring, by which the adsorbent (abbreviated as S-Fe-BT) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity (246.06 mg/g) and a high rapid adsorption rate for a typical organic dye, Rhodamine B (RhB). This could be ascribed to the increased interlayer spacing, the increased specific surface area, and the optimized OH/Fe ratio after the synthetic modification of the pristine BT. The adsorption behavior of RhB onto S-Fe-BT was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemical-adsorption-controlled process. Furthermore, its adsorption isotherm matched well with the Langmuir model due to a monolayer adsorption process. This paper opens a promising direction to remove the dye pollution using low cost bentonite adsorbents treated by such a convenient modification strategy.
CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Chronic Myelocytic Leukaemia
Authors: Idris Hadeil M.E. , Khalil Hiba B. , Mills Jeremy , Elderdery Abozer Y. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 are both xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes belonging
to the CYP450 enzyme family. Polymorphisms in these genes vary between individuals, resulting
in dissimilar patterns of susceptibility to the effects of carcinogenic substances and drugs.

Objective:
In a prospective study, the influence of CYP1A1*2C and CYP2D6*4 gene polymorphisms
on the susceptibility to chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML) were investigated.

Methods:
Prevalence of CYP1A1*2C and CYP2D6*4 was detected in blood specimens from three
hundred participants - two hundred patients and a hundred healthy individuals as a control group, using
PCR-RFLP.

Results:
CYP1A1 Ile/Val and Val/Val genotype frequency in our study population was 82% & 15%
in CML patients and 55% & 8% in controls, respectively. This suggests that carriers had an elevated
risk (OR=18.38, 95% CI=7.364-45.913, p value; =0.000 and OR=23.125,95 % CI=7.228-73.980, p
value=0.000, respectively). Individuals carrying the CYP2D6 heterozygous genotype (IM) were notably
fewer in number within the CML group at 43.5%, as opposed to 93% of the controls. This suggests
that the IM genotype may have a prophylactic function in lowering CML risk (OR=0.036, 95%
CI=0.005-0.271, p value =0.001). In spite of the distribution of the homozygous mutant (PM) genotype
being higher in cases with CML (87% as opposed to 6% in the control), this difference was
deemed non-significant (OR=0.558, 95% CI=0.064-4.845, p value =0.597).

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that polymorphic CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 genes affect the susceptibility
to CML.
Marchart, Oliver/Martinsen, Renate (Hg.): Foucault und das Politische. Transdisziplinäre Impulse für die Politische Theorie der Gegenwart.
Authors: Klein Hannah 
Published: May 2020

Eine Rezension zu:
Marchart, Oliver/Martinsen, Renate (Hg.): Foucault und das Politische. Transdisziplinäre Impulse für die Politische Theorie der Gegenwart. Wiesbaden: Springer VS 2019. 384 Seiten. [978-3-658-22789-0]
Efficacy of a Smartphone App Intervention for Reducing Caregiver Stress: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Richardson Ben , Little Keriann , Teague Samantha , Hartley-Clark Linda , Capic Tanja , Khor Sarah , Cummins Robert A , Olsson Craig A , Hutchinson Delyse 
Published: May 2020

Background
Caregivers play a pivotal role in maintaining an economically viable health care system, yet they are characterized by low levels of psychological well-being and consistently report unmet needs for psychological support. Mobile app–based (mobile health [mHealth]) interventions present a novel approach to both reducing stress and improving well-being.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-guided mobile app–based psychological intervention for people providing care to family or friends with a physical or mental disability.

Methods
In a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial, 183 caregivers recruited through the web were randomly allocated to either an intervention (n=73) or active control (n=110) condition. The intervention app contained treatment modules combining daily self-monitoring with third-wave (mindfulness-based) cognitive-behavioral therapies, whereas the active control app contained only self-monitoring features. Both programs were completed over a 5-week period. It was hypothesized that intervention app exposure would be associated with decreases in depression, anxiety, and stress, and increases in well-being, self-esteem, optimism, primary and secondary control, and social support. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 3-4 months postintervention. App quality was also assessed.

Results
In total, 25% (18/73) of the intervention participants were lost to follow-up at 3 months, and 30.9% (34/110) of the participants from the wait-list control group dropped out before the postintervention survey. The intervention group experienced reductions in stress (b=−2.07; P=.04) and depressive symptoms (b=−1.36; P=.05) from baseline to postintervention. These changes were further enhanced from postintervention to follow-up, with the intervention group continuing to report lower levels of depression (b=−1.82; P=.03) and higher levels of emotional well-being (b=6.13; P<.001), optimism (b=0.78; P=.007), self-esteem (b=−0.84; P=.005), support from family (b=2.15; P=.001), support from significant others (b=2.66; P<.001), and subjective well-being (b=4.82; P<.001). On average, participants completed 2.5 (SD 1.05) out of 5 treatment modules. The overall quality of the app was also rated highly, with a mean score of 3.94 out of a maximum score of 5 (SD 0.58).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that mHealth psychological interventions are an effective treatment option for caregivers experiencing high levels of stress. Recommendations for improving mHealth interventions for caregivers include offering flexibility and customization in the treatment design.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12616000996460; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=371170
Blended Digital and Face-to-Face Care for First-Episode Psychosis Treatment in Young People: Qualitative Study
Authors: Valentine Lee , McEnery Carla , Bell Imogen , O'Sullivan Shaunagh , Pryor Ingrid , Gleeson John , Bendall Sarah , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario 
Published: May 2020

Background
A small number of studies have found that digital mental health interventions can be feasible and acceptable for young people experiencing first-episode psychosis; however, little research has examined how they might be blended with face-to-face approaches in order to enhance care. Blended treatment refers to the integration of digital and face-to-face mental health care. It has the potential to capitalize on the evidence-based features of both individual modalities, while also exceeding the sum of its parts. This integration could bridge the online–offline treatment divide and better reflect the interconnected, and often complementary, ways young people navigate their everyday digital and physical lives.

Objective
This study aimed to gain young people’s perspectives on the design and implementation of a blended model of care in first-episode psychosis treatment.

Methods
This qualitative study was underpinned by an end-user development framework and was based on semistructured interviews with 10 participants aged 19 to 28 (mean 23.4, SD 2.62). A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results
Three superordinate themes emerged relating to young people’s perspectives on the design and implementation of a blended model of care in first-episode psychosis treatment: (1) blended features, (2) cautions, and (3) therapeutic alliance.

Conclusions
We found that young people were very enthusiastic about the prospect of blended models of mental health care, in so far as it was used to enhance their experience of traditional face-to-face treatment but not to replace it overall. Aspects of blended treatment that could enhance clinical care were readily identified by young people as increasing accessibility, continuity, and consolidation; accessing posttherapy support; strengthening the relationship between young person and clinician; and tracking personal data that could be used to better inform clinical decision making. Future research is needed to investigate the efficacy of blended models of care by evaluating its impact on the therapeutic alliance, clinical and social outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and engagement.
PENGARUH BAHAN ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PADI (Oryza sativa L.) TERCEKAM SALINITAS
Authors: Arifiani Fidian Nur 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh macam bahan organik berupa pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk hijau azolla dalam mengurangi dampak cekaman salinitas pada tanaman padi. Rancangan perlakuan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) Faktorial. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan jenis bahan organik berbeda pada beberapa tingkat salinitas. Perlakuan jenis bahan organik terdiri dari tiga aras yakni tanpa bahan organik (B0), penggunaan pupuk kandang ayam (B1), dan penggunaan pupuk hijau azolla (B2), sedangkan perlakuan tingkat salinitas terdiri dari empat aras yaitu EC <0,4 dS/m atau kontrol (S0), 2,5 dS/m (S1), 5 dS/m (S2) dan 7,5 dS/m (S3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan pertumbuhan dan hasil secara nyata pada tanaman padi varietas IR-64 yang tercekam salinitas dimulai dari tingkat salinitas 2,5 dS/m pada parameter pertumbuhan luas daun, bobot segar tajuk, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, bobot kering total tanaman. Sementara pada parameter hasil terjadi penurunan pada panjang malai, bobot malai, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 100 butir gabah bernas dan bobot gabah kering giling total per rumpun. Pupuk kandang ayam menghasilkan tinggi tanaman tertinggi, sedangkan pupuk hijau azolla memberikan hasil tertinggi pada bobot segar tajuk, bobot segar akar, bobot kering akar, jumlah anakan, bobot kering total tanaman dan jumlah malai.
Pengembangan Metode Penyaringan Klon Tebu Tahan Kering Menggunakan Metode Pengendalian Kadar Lengas
Authors: Pinilih Yasinta , Taryono Taryono , Wulandari Rani Agustina 
Published: May 2020

Tebu merupakan salah satu tanaman pengahasil gula yang digunakan di Indonesia. Luas areal tebu di lahan sawah beririgasi di Jawa semakin berkurang. Kini areal tebu di lahan sawah tinggal sekitar 40 %, selebihnya telah beralih ke lahan kering. Pada fase perkecambahan, kebutuhan air tanaman rendah, kemudian mulai meningkat pada fase pertunasan dan mencapai puncaknya pada fase pemanjangan batang. Tujuan penelitian ini, akan dilihat ketahanan bibit tebu terhadap cekaman saat fase perkecambahan dan proses beradaptasinya kembali tebu saat fase pertumbuhan tunas dari kondisi tercekam. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga September 2016 di Kebun Percobaan Banguntapan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Rancangan Percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu kadar lengas yang terdiri dari 4 aras yaitu 100%, 80%, 60%, dan 40%. Faktor kedua adalah klon tebu yaitu klon PS 862, PS 864, Kidang Kencana (KK), Bululawang (BL), dan VMC 76-16. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pengaturan kadar lengas mampu mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tebu dengan menurunnya angka pertumbuhan beberapa klon ketikakadar lengas diturunkan hingga 40%. Klon KK menjadi klon yang memiliki hasil terendah dan kurang tahan terhadap perlakuan cekaman kekeringan
Pengaruh Macam Pupuk Organik Cair dan Dosis Pupuk Anorganik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung (<em>Zea mays </em>L.)
Authors: Irsyad Yogie Muhamad Mas'ud , Kastono Dody 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan kombinasi antara macam pupuk organik cair dengan dosis pupuk anorganik yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung terbaik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juli 2018 di Kebun Pusat Inovasi Agroteknogi (PIAT) UGM. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap (RAKL) untuk menguji lima macam pupuk organik cair serta dosis pupuk anorganik yang terdiri atas 0 %, 35 %, dan 75 % dari rekomendasi Dinas Pertanian. Kontrol merupakan dosis pupuk anorganik 100 %, yaitu urea 300 kg/ha, SP-36 100 kg/ha, dan KCl 75 kg/ha. Data pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil dianalisis varian menurut kaidah rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dilanjutkan dengan uji HSD dengan taraf kepercayaan masing-masing 95 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa macam pupuk organik cair memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung tetapi tidak dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung. Dosis pupuk anorganik 75 dan 100 % rekomendasi nyata meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sebesar 25 % dan meningkatkan produktivitas sebesar 50 % jika dibandingkan tanpa pupuk anorganik. Pupuk organik cair dapat menghemat penggunaan pupuk anorganik sebesar 25 % terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung. Pemberian dosis pupuk anorganik rekomendasi Dinas Pertanian belum mampu mengoptimalkan potensi hasil jagung.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TADALAFIL IN BULK AND FORMULATION
Authors: GHURGHURE SHRISHAIL M. , DYAWARKONDA MANISHA S. , YANJANE SACHIN 
Published: May 2020

Objective: A new simple, sensitive, precise and reproducible spectroscopic method was developed for the determination of Tadalafil in Pharmaceutical formulation with Dimethyl Sulfoxide.
Methods: The UV spectrum of Tadalafil in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) showed λ max at 285.6 nm. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 10-60µg/ml. This method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and robustness.
Results: The method was demonstrated excellent linearity over the range of 10-60µg/ml with regression equation y= 0.0337x-0.1343 and regression correlation R2= 0.998. Moreover, the method was found to be highly sensitive with LOD (2.44µg/ml) and LOQ (7.40µg/ml).
Conclusion: Based on results, the proposed method can be successfully applied for assay of Tadalafil in various pharmaceutical dosage forms.