bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global meta‐analysis of how marine upwelling affects herbivory
Authors: Sellers Andrew J. , Leung Brian , Torchin Mark E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimNutrient subsidies support high primary productivity, increasing herbivore abundance and influencing their top‐down control of producers. Wind‐driven upwelling events deliver cold nutrient‐rich water to coastlines, supporting highly productive marine environments. Results from studies comparing ecological processes across upwelling regimes are mixed: some reveal weaker herbivory in upwelling regions, while others report a positive relationship between upwelling and herbivory. In this synthesis we examine the influence of upwelling on top‐down control of producers across the globe.LocationGlobal; marine ecosystems.Time period1978–2017.Major taxa studiedMarine herbivores and algae.MethodsWe used data from herbivory studies focusing specifically on the influence of upwelling activity (upwelling studies), and a broader collection of herbivore exclusion studies dating back four decades. For the upwelling studies we compared herbivore effects between experiments replicated across sites for which upwelling conditions were described by the authors. Meanwhile, for the broader collection of experiments we used externally sourced oceanographic data to characterize upwelling activity, and examined how herbivory changed along a gradient of upwelling activity.ResultsOur results consistently reveal that upwelling weakens herbivore effects on producers. Herbivory was, on average, four times weaker in upwelling sites relative to sites under weak upwelling or downwelling regimes in studies that specifically examined upwelling. The analysis of the broader herbivory literature revealed a similar weakening influence of upwelling on herbivory; however, the effect size was smaller and varied across producer functional groups.Main conclusionsNutrient subsidies from upwelling events reduce top‐down control by herbivores in coastal ecosystems; however, the negative relationship between upwelling intensity and herbivory is likely the result of a combination of co‐occurring processes. First, increased primary production overwhelms consumption by herbivores. Second, cold water reduces herbivore metabolism and activity. Finally, surface currents associated with upwelling activity transport herbivore larvae offshore, decoupling secondary production from herbivory.
Chloris gayana Kunth under different defoliation regimes. Morphogenesis, sward structure and leaf area index
Authors: Ruolo María Soledad , Pérez Héctor Eduardo , Rodriguez Adriana Mabel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSubtropical pastures are an important alternative to increase forage yields to fulfil cattle nutritional requirements. Despite the increasing expansion of these pastures in the semiarid subtropical region of Argentina, there is very little information about their responses to grazing management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different defoliation regimes on morphogenesis, sward structure and leaf area index of one of the most expanded forage species in this region, Chloris gayana Kunth. A combination of two defoliation frequencies (300 and 500 GDD) and two defoliation intensities (1 and 3 green stubble leaves) was compared by a controlled experiment that comprised 1,500 GDD. Defoliation frequency significantly affected leaf elongation rate (LER) and leaf area index (LAI). Under the high defoliation frequency, LER and LAI resulted almost half than under low defoliation frequency (0.34 ± 0.08 vs. 0.67 ± 0.08 mm·tiller−1·GDD−1; 8.31 ± 2.27 m2/m2 vs. 13.27 ± 1.59 m2/m2, at 300 or 500 GDD respectively), regardless of the intensity. Defoliation frequency or intensity did not affect leaf appearance rate, leaf lifespan, leaf size, number of green leaves per tiller nor tiller density at the end of the experiment. We conclude that to maintain high LER and LAI in Chloris gayana Kunth cv. Épica INTA‐Pemán pastures, defoliation frequency could be of 500 GDD. Since leaf lifespan was 415 ± 110 GDD, under this defoliation frequency, a maximum accumulation of green leaf tissues with very little dead tissues may be achieved.
Factors facilitating home death in non‐cancer older patients receiving home medical care
Authors: Masumoto Shoichi , Sato Mikiya , Ichinohe Yumiko , Maeno Tetsuhiro 
Published: November 2019

AimTo assess factors associated with home deaths in non‐cancer elderly patients receiving home medical care by general practitioners.MethodsA retrospective observational study was carried out in a primary care clinic in Tokyo. Patients who received home medical care and died between January 2010 and September 2017 were included in the analysis. Data from 119 non‐cancer patients aged ≥65 years were collected between September and December 2017 using medical records. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, cognitive impairment, duration of home medical care, number of household members, patient's relationship with their primary caregiver, use of home care nursing services, and patient and family preference on place of death were obtained as independent variables. The main outcome was the place of death.ResultsAmong the analyzed patients, 59.7% had impaired cognition and 47.1% expressed a preference for place of death. Patient–family congruence on the preferred place of death was 57.1% (kappa coefficient 0.39). Multivariate analysis showed that family preference for home death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 137.0, 95% CI 13.0–1443.8), cognitive impairment (aOR 4.26, 95% CI 1.12–16.2), death by non‐infectious diseases (aOR 13.7, 95% CI 2.50–74.7) and living with more than two family members (aOR 4.79, 95%CI 1.38–16.7) were significantly associated with home deaths.ConclusionsFamily preference, rather than patient preference, was a facilitating factor for home death among non‐cancer older patients receiving home medical care. As many patients receiving home medical care have impaired cognition, early end‐of‐life discussions with patients and decision‐making support for caregivers should be promoted to realize their preferences on place of death. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1231–1235.
Rethinking the governance of labour standards in South–South regional value chains
Authors: PASQUALI GIOVANNI 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe growth of intra‐regional trade in the Global South begs the question of whether frameworks developed for the study of North–South global value chains can be used to study labour standards in emerging South–South networks. Critical of the structuralist approaches characterizing the literature, in this article I tackle the question of how formal and informal institutions interact to shape labour standards in South–South regional value chains. This is achieved in two stages. In the first part of the article, I build on Habermas's theory of communicative action to frame labour standards as the outcome of agents’ interactions within and across firms, politico‐administrative institutions and workers’ private and public spheres. Drawing on this framework, in the second part of the article I compare labour standards across the Kenya handbag and footwear sectors. While, in the former, interaction across informal institutions favoured an inclusive and consensual debate between workers and employers; in the latter, an overwhelming process of marketization and bureaucratization failed to provide an interactive space for workers’ concerns to be voiced and negotiated.
Association Between Personality Traits and Onabotulinumtoxin A Response in Patients With Chronic Migraine
Authors: Gonzalez‐Martinez Alicia , Rodríguez Vázquez Eva , de la Red Gallego Henar , García‐Azorín David , Gallego de La Sacristana Mercedes , Guerrero Peral Ángel Luis , Gago‐Veiga Ana Beatriz 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the potential association between personality traits and onabotulinumtoxin A (onabotA) response in patients with chronic migraine (CM).BackgroundPrevious studies from a categorial perspective show that patients with CM have anxious or obsessive personality according to the Salamanca screening test. However, the influence of personality traits in onabotA response in patients with CM has not yet been studied. We hypothesize that cluster C personality traits may be associated with non‐response to onabotA.MethodsThis case‐control observational study includes patients with CM who received at least 2 treatment cycles of onabotA in 2 headache units between January and May 2018. onabotA response was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in the number of monthly migraine days. Personality traits were evaluated using the Salamanca questionnaire, a validated categorial inventory assessing 11 personality traits.ResultsOne hundred and twelve patients, 100/112 (89.6%) females, mean age (standard deviation): 43 (11) years, were recruited. 96/112 (85.7%) achieved response to onabotA. Dependent trait was significantly associated with non‐response to onabotA (P = .008; OR: 0.223 [95%CI: 0.074 to 0.675]). Significant association with other personality traits or confounders was not found.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing personality traits may predict onabotA response in patients with CM. The presence of dependent personality trait in patients with CM is associated with non‐response to onabotA.
Helicobacterpylori eradication regimens in an antibiotic high‐resistance European area: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Papaefthymiou Apostolis , Liatsos Christos , Georgopoulos Sotirios D , Apostolopoulos Pericles , Doulberis Michael , Kyriakos Nikolaos , Giakoumis Marios , Papadomichelakis Michael , Galanopoulos Michail , Katsinelos Panagiotis , Rokkas Theodore , Kountouras Jannis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionHelicobacter pylori infection (H pylori‐I) affects more than half of the global population and consists an important burden to public health and healthcare expenditures, by contributing to many diseases' pathogenesis.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the current nonbismuth quadruple eradication regimens in a high antibiotic resistance area, such as Greece, concerning their cost‐effectiveness, especially during financial crisis period.Materials and methodsEight hundred and nine patients who received eradication treatment against H pylori‐I were included to evaluate five different regimens, using amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole as antibiotics and one proton‐pump inhibitor, based on their current eradication rates. Regimes compared 10‐day concomitant use of (a) pantoprazole or (b) esomeprazole; 10‐day sequential use of (c) pantoprazole or (d) esomeprazole; and 14‐day hybrid using esomeprazole. Cost‐effectiveness analysis ratio (CEAR) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were calculated taking into account all direct costs and cases who needed second‐line treatment. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was performed to predict all potential combinations.ResultsTen‐day concomitant regimen with esomeprazole was characterized by the lowest CEAR (179.17€) followed by the same regimen using pantoprazole (183.27€). Hybrid regimen, although equivalent in eradication rates, was found to have higher CEAR (187.42€), whereas sequential regimens were not cost‐effective (CEAR: 204.12€ and 216.02€ respectively).DiscussionThis is the first study evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of H pylori‐I treatment regimens in a high clarithromycin‐resistance (≈26.5%) European area, suggesting the 10‐day concomitant regimen with generics using esomeprazole 40 mg as the most appropriate one. National and regional guidelines should include cost‐effectiveness in their statements, and further studies are required to clarify the necessity of a wide “test and treat” policy for H pylori‐I.
Co‐construction of health technology assessment recommendations with patients: An example with cardiac defibrillator replacement
Authors: Pomey Marie‐Pascale , Brouillard Philippe , Ganache Isabelle , Lambert Laurie , Boothroyd Lucy , Collette Caroline , Bédard Sylvain , Grégoire Alexandre , Pelaez Sandra , Demers‐Payette Olivier , Goetghebeur Mireille , de Guise Michèle , Roy Denis 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContextThe National Institute of Excellence in Health and Social Services (INESSS), which functions as the Québec health technology assessment (HTA) agency, tested a new way to engage patients along with health‐care professionals in the co‐construction of recommendations regarding implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator replacement.ObjectiveThe objective of this article was to describe the process of co‐construction of recommendations and to propose methods of building best practices for patient involvement (PI) in HTA.DesignThroughout the process, documents were collected and participant observations were made. Individual interviews were conducted with patients, health‐care professionals and the INESSS scientific team, from January to March 2018.ResultsThree committees were established: an expert patient committee to reflect on patient experience literature; an expert health professional committee to reflect on medical literature; and a co‐construction committee through which both patients and health‐care professionals contributed to develop the recommendations. The expert patients validated and contextualized a literature review produced by the scientific team. This allowed the scientists to consider aspects related to the patient experience and to integrate the feedback from patients into HTA recommendations. The most important factor contributing to a positive PI experience was the structured methodology for selecting patient participants, and a key factor that inhibited the process was a lack of training in PI on the part of the scientific team.ConclusionsThis experience demonstrates that it is possible to co‐construct recommendations, even for technically complex HTA subjects, through a more democratic process than usual which led to more patient‐focused guidance.
Comparative study of the phenolics, antioxidant and metagenomic composition of novel soy whey‐based beverages produced using three different water kefir microbiota
Authors: Azi Fidelis , Tu Chuanhai , Rasheed Hafiz Abdul , Dong Mingsheng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWater kefir microbiota was used to develop novel soy whey‐based beverages that have antioxidant activity. In the present study, comparative phenolics, antioxidant and metagenomic composition of the soy whey beverages fermented using three different water kefir microbiota, named WKFS‐A, WKFS‐B and WKFS‐C were investigated. WKFS‐B beverage had the highest concentrations of isoflavone aglycones (208.73 ± 2.78 mg L−1) and phenolic acids (132.33 ± 3.41 mg L−1) compared with WKFS‐A (193.88 ± 1.15 mg L−1) and (91.73 ± 2.34 mg L−1) and WKFS‐C (160.63 ± 1.76 mg L−1) and (97.13 ± 2.63 mg L−1), respectively. The WKFS‐B also showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power compared with WKFS‐A and WKFS‐C beverages. Microbial species diversity index analysis showed that a higher concentration of isoflavone aglycones, phenolic acids and increased antioxidant activity in the WKFS‐B beverage correlates with the higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus genus. This study thus revealed that Lactobacillus dominated water kefir microbiota produces soy whey beverages with high phenolic acids, isoflavone aglycones and antioxidant activity.
BMI growth trajectory from ages 2 to 6 years and its association with maternal obesity, diabetes during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, and breastfeeding
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Martinez Mayra P. , Chow Ting , Xiang Anny H. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo identify latent BMI growth trajectories from ages 2 to 6 years and examine their independent associations with maternal prepregnancy obesity or overweight, pre‐existing type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) or gestational diabetes (GDM) with or without requiring antidiabetic medications during pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG), and breastfeeding ≤ 6 months.Research design and methodData included 71 892 children born at Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals in 2007 to 2011 with complete information on maternal risk factors. Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to identify latent BMI trajectory groups. Logistic regression was used to assess independent associations adjusted for covariates.ResultsThree distinct BMI trajectory groups were identified: Group 1 (59% of the cohort) had stable low BMI, Group 2 (35% of the cohort) had stable median BMI, and Group 3 (6% of the cohort) had high and increasing BMI over time. Relative to Groups 1 and 2 combined, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of being in Group 3 associated with maternal exposures were 5.6 (5.1‐6.2) for prepregnancy obesity, 2.4 (2.2‐2.7) for prepregnancy overweight, 2.1 (1.2‐3.7) for T1D, 1.6 (1.4‐1.8) for T2D, 1.4 (1.3‐1.6) for GDM requiring medication treatment, 1.1 (1.0‐1.3) for GDM not requiring medication, 1.3 (1.2‐1.4) for EGWG, and 1.2 (1.2‐1.3) for breastfeeding ≤ 6 months.ConclusionChild's high and increasing BMI trajectory was strongly associated with maternal prepregnancy obesity and overweight, modestly associated with maternal T1D, T2D, and GDM requiring medication treatment and EGWG, and slightly associated with breastfeeding ≤ 6 months. GDM not requiring medication treatment during pregnancy had little association.
Longitudinal trajectories of BMI z‐score: an international comparison of 11,513 Australian, American and German/Austrian/Luxembourgian youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Phelan Helen , Foster Nicole C. , Schwandt Anke , Couper Jennifer J. , Willi Steven , Kroschwald Peter , Jones Timothy W. , Wu Mengdi , Steigleder‐Schweiger Claudia , Craig Maria E. , Maahs David M. , Prinz Nicole ,   on behalf of the Australasian Diabetes Data Network (ADDN) Study Group, the T1D Exchange Clinic Network (T1DX) and the Prospective Diabetes Follow‐up Registry (DPV) initiative
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundBMI fluctuations during puberty are common. Data on individual change in BMI from childhood to young adulthood are limited in youth with type 1 diabetes.ObjectivesTo compare longitudinal trajectories of body mass index z score (BMIz) from childhood to adolescence across three registries spanning five countries.MethodsData sources: T1DX (USA), DPV (Germany/Austria/Luxembourg) and ADDN (Australia). The analysis included 11,513 youth with type 1 diabetes, duration >1 year, at least one BMI measure at baseline (age 8‐10 years) and >5 aggregated BMI measures by year of age during follow‐up until age 17 years. BMIz was calculated based on WHO charts. Latent class growth modelling was used to identify subgroups following a similar trajectory of BMIz over time.ResultsFive distinct trajectories of BMIz were present in the T1DX and ADDN cohorts, while six trajectories were identified in the DPV cohort. Boys followed more often a low/near‐normal pattern while elevated BMIz curves were more likely in girls (ADDN; DPV). For T1DX cohort, no sex differences were observed. Comparing the reference group (BMIz ~0) with the other groups during puberty, higher BMIz was significantly associated with older age at T1D onset, racial/ethnic minority and elevated HbA1c (all p<0.05).ConclusionThis multinational study presents unique BMIz trajectories in youth with T1D across three continents. The prevalence of overweight and the longitudinal persistence of overweight support the need for close monitoring of weight and nutrition in this population. The international and individual differences likely result from diverse genetic, environmental and therapeutic factors.
Predictive model to identify the risk of losing protective sensibility of the foot in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chicharro‐Luna Esther , Pomares‐Gómez Francisco José , Ortega‐Ávila Ana Belen , Marchena‐Rodríguez Ana , Blanquer‐Gregori José Francisco Javier , Navarro‐Flores Emmanuel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiabetic neuropathy is defined as the presence of symptoms and signs of peripheral nerve dysfunction in diabetics. The aim of this study is to develop a predictive logistic model to identify the risk of losing protective sensitivity in the foot. This descriptive cross‐sectional study included 111 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Participants completed a questionnaire designed to evaluate neuropathic symptoms, and multivariate analysis was subsequently performed to identify an optimal predictive model. The explanatory capacity was evaluated by calculating the R2 coefficient of Nagelkerke. Predictive capacity was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and estimation of the area under the receiver operational curve. Protective sensitivity loss was detected in 19.1% of participants. Variables associated by multivariate analysis were: educational level (OR: 31.4, 95% CI: 2.5‐383.3, P = .007) and two items from the questionnaire: one related to bleeding and wet socks (OR: 28.3, 95% CI: 3.7‐215.9, P = .001) and the other related to electrical sensations (OR: 52.9, 95% CI: 4.3‐643.9, P = .002), which were both statistically significant. The predictive model included the variables of age, sex, duration of diabetes, and educational level, and it had a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 95.5%. This model has a high predictive capacity to identify patients at risk of developing sensory neuropathy.
On a Promise or on the Game: What's Wrong with Selling Consent?
Authors: Carnegy‐Arbuthnott Hannah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIs selling sex a service like any other? Philosophers have given a range of answers to this question: (a) sex has a specific value that is debased by commercial markets in sex; (b) sex work is a service like any other; (c) markets in sex perpetuate structural systems of inequality. This article takes seriously the suggestion that there is something special about sex itself which raises a specific set of concerns when traded for money. The challenge is to explain this without drawing on contentious essentialist claims about the value of sex. It proceeds by analysing a parallel between sexual promises and selling sexual consent. On an expectational theory of promising, commercial agreements to sex generate obligations in a way that is normatively analogous to sexual promises. Understanding the normative release conditions for such assurance‐providing agreements provides a way of analysing the justifiability of various ways of enforcing such agreements. I argue that the release conditions for agreements involving sex are not conducive to being codified under typical forms of service contract. As such, regulation aimed at legitimising sex work must provide adequate protections to workers without codifying it under typical forms of service contract.