bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-GAV-derived vsiRNAs Involved in the Production of Wheat Leaf Yellowing Symptoms by Targeting Chlorophyll Synthase
Authors: Shen Chuan , Wei Caiyan , Li Jingyuan , Zhang Xudong , Zhong Qinrong , Li Yue , Bai Bixin , Wu Yunfeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Wheat yellow dwarf virus disease was infected by barley yellow dwarf virus, caused leaf yellowing and dwarfing symptoms in wheat, posing a serious threat to China's food production. Infection of plant viruses can produce a large number of vsiRNAs, which can target host transcripts for symptoms development. However, few studies were conducted to explore the role of vsiRNAs in the interaction between BYDV-GAV and host wheat plants.Methods: In this study, small RNA sequencing was conducted to profile the vsiRNAs in BYDV-GAV infected wheat plants. The putative targets of vsiRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics software. RT-qPCR and VIGS were used to identify the function of selected target transcripts. To confirm the interaction between vsiRNA and the target, 5’RACE was performed to analyze the specific cleavage sites. Results: From the sequencing data, we obtained a total of 11,384 detected vsiRNAs. The length distribution of these vsiRNAs mostly was 21- and 22-nt along with A/U biased at the 5 ' -terminal. We also found the production region of vsiRNAs had no strand polarity. The vsiRNAs were predicted to target 23,719 wheat transcripts. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these targets mostly involved in cell parts and catalytic activity and plant-pathogen interaction. The results of RT-qPCR indicted that most chloroplast-related genes showed down-regulation in BYDV-GAV infected wheat plants. Silencing of a chlorophyll synthase caused leaf yellowing that was similar to the symptom of BYDV-GAV inoculated wheat plants. A vsiRNA from an overlap region of BYDV-GAV MP and CP was found that could target the chlorophyll synthase for gene silencing. Then, 5’RACE validated that vsiRNA8856 could cleavage the chlorophyll synthase transcript in a sequence-specific manner.Conclusion: This is the first report demonstrating that BYDV-GAV-derived vsiRNAs can target wheat transcripts for symptom development, and this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf yellowing upon viral infection.
AKT-mediated phosphorylation of Sox9 induces Sox10 transcription in a murine model of HER2-positive breast cancer.
Authors: Al-Zahrani Khalid N. , Abou-Hamad John , Labreche Cedrik , Garland Brennan , Sabourin Luc 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Approximately 5-10% of HER2-positive breast cancers can be defined by low expression of the Ste20-like kinase, SLK, and high expression of SOX10. Our lab has observed that genetic deletion of SLK results in the induction of Sox10 and significantly accelerates tumor initiation in a HER2-induced mammary tumor model. However, the mechanism responsible for the induction of SOX10 gene expression in this context remains unknown.Methods: Using tumor derived cell lines from MMTV-Neu mice lacking SLK and biochemical approaches, we have characterized the signaling mechanisms and relevant DNA elements driving Sox10 expression. Results: Biochemical and genetic analyses of the SOX10 regulatory region in SLK-deficient mammary tumor cells show that Sox10 expression is dependent on a novel -7kb enhancer that harbors three SoxE binding sites. ChIP analyses demonstrate that Sox9 is bound to those elements in vivo. Our data show that AKT can directly phosphorylate Sox9 in vitro at serine 181 and that AKT inhibition blocks Sox9 phosphorylation and Sox10 expression in SLK(-/-) tumor cells. AKT-mediated Sox9 phosphorylation increases its transcriptional activity on the Sox10 -7kb enhancer without altering its DNA binding activity. Interestingly, analysis of murine and human mammary tumors reveals a direct correlation between the levels of active phospho-Sox9 S181 and Sox10 expression.Conclusions: Our results have identified a novel Sox10 enhancer and validated Sox9 as direct target for AKT. As Sox10 is a biomarker for triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), these findings might have major implications in the targeting and treatment of those cancers.
The Role and Meaning of Spirituality in Older People Living With Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: RELJIĆ NATAŠA MLINAR , FEKONJA ZVONKA , KMETEC SERGEJ , PLESNIČAR BLANKA KORES , TIMMINS FIONA , PAJNKIHAR MAJDA 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Spiritual care is a component of holistic nursing care, and it is a crucial element in providing person-centred care of older people living with dementia. The review aimed to find a deeper meaning and provide a profound interpretation of the role of spirituality from the perspective of older people living with dementia.Methods: The systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Four databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO host and reference lists were searched for studies published by February 2020. The Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument were used to assess the quality of studies, and the data were synthesised using thematic analysis. Results: Ten studies were included in the systematic review. Two main themes: (1) Spirituality as an inner source of power and (2) Spirituality as connectedness described the role and meaning of spirituality in older people living with dementia. Findings show the importance of spirituality as an inner source which gives people with dementia strength in facing dementia and also highlighted the role and meaning of connectedness with self, others and God. Relationships with family and the community is an essential reflection of spiritual life and represent a source of incentive and joy for older people with dementia.Conclusion: These findings provide new insights based on the qualitative perspective of older people living with dementia. This review offers nursing staff a broader and more in-depth insight into the role and meaning of spirituality as experienced by older people living with dementia and thus encourage the implementation of spiritual care as an integral part of providing holistic person-centred care.
Virulence Differences in Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae between Isolates with Multi-Locus Sequence Type (MLST)-11 and Serotype K1 or K2 Strains
Authors: Wang Tsui-Chin , Lin Jung-Chung , Chang Jen-Chang , Hiaso Ya-Wen , Wang Ching-Hsun , Chiu Sheng-Kung , Fung Chang-Phone , Chang Feng-Yee , Siu L. Kristopher 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Two different types of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (HvKp), including MLST-11 or serotype K1/K2 strains, have been frequently described in recent studies. Although these two types of strains were described as HvKp, their virulence was not compared. In this study, an in vitro and in vivo approach was used to assess differences in virulence.Materials and Methods: A total of nine isolates, including one strain of serotype K1 isolate, two strains of serotype K2 isolates and six strains of ST11 isolates, were selected for this study. Phenotypic tests of virulence and associated genes were performed by string test, PCR, and in vitro models of serum resistance and phagocytosis.Results: Although serotype K2 strains and ST11 isolates had similar virulence gene profiles, the ST11 isolates showed less serum and phagocytic resistance than did serotype K1/K2 isolates. The mouse lethality test revealed that all 11 ST isolates were unable to cause lethality, even with > 107 CFU, while one serotype K1 and two serotype K2 showed an LD50 of £ 102 CFU. Aerobactin (or capsule knockout mutants) exhibited a decline in LD50 compared to the parental strain, while capsule mutants showed a more significant decrease in LD50.Conclusion: Since there was a significant difference in virulence levels between the two types of HvKp when assessed by in vitro and in vivo animal models, the designation "HvKp" may be a better term based on animal studies and to avoid confusion. Virulence and nonvirulence could be analysed in a relative manner, especially in comparison studies.
Drone-Drone Collisions Over New York City
Authors: Walbridge Edward 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Delivery of packages by drones to homes and workplaces is faster and cheaper than delivery by van and hence has significant potential. That potential can only be realized if delivery by drones is safe. In particular, such drones must not pose a threat from in-air drone-drone collisions. To determine how serious the drone collision problem might be, we: 1) focus on a situation where they would be maximized, New York City, and 2) investigate the “do nothing” alternative, in which the drones do nothing to avoid collisions. Such drones, lacking a collision-avoidance capability, are “dumb” drones, and will have a much higher collision rate than “smart” drones, which do have that capability and will ultimately be deployed. The do nothing alternative is useful for determining the extent to which a collision-avoidance capability is needed. The dumb drone collision rate is found to be unacceptably high. Actual smart drones to be ultimately deployed must therefore have a highly effective collision-avoidance capability to bring collision rates close to zero. The needed effectiveness is quantified.
Long-Term Effects of Collagen-Binding Mesenchymal Stem Cells Affinity Peptide on Skin Regeneration and Scar Formation Running Title: MSC Capturing Collagen and Skin Regeneration
Authors: Wang Huili , Yan Xin , Lin Yue , Wang Shuqin , Jiang Yanan , Tan Qian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The medical significance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is not only providing a promising strategy for cutaneous wound healing, but also bringing alternative for the patients whose wounds or burns were difficult to treat and heal. In our previous researches, we produced a fusion protein (Collagen/CBD-E7 peptide) which had high affinity to MSCs and then bound it to collagen scaffold with a CBD (collagen-binding domain). When applied to full-thickness skin defect porcine models, MSCs could be specifically raised to target area which helps accelerate coalescence at early stage. However, scar is an indispensable part of the tissue repair, arising after almost every dermal injury with abnormal appearance and functional disturbance. It usually takes one to three years for the scars to pale and mature. Thus, in this study, we focused on the structure repair of skin defect more than one year after the wounds healing. We found that at the 16w after operation, the proportion of collagen type III was more than collagen type I in Collagen/CBD-E7 peptide group, which indicates a higher healing quality comparatively. While at the 64w, the ratio between collagen type I and collagen type III reached a balance of natural skin tissues. In addition, cutaneous appendages were observed in Collagen/CBD-E7 peptide scaffold group at the 16w and 64w after surgery. From this point of view, the functional collagen scaffold treatments may be able to improve the cosmetic outcome of injury, burns or trauma, and scars are no longer an inevitable consequence of skin healing. This will also imply that humans would no longer be suffering from the scars caused by skin trauma, which is of significant orthopaedic meaning.
Associations Between Farmers’ Market Shopping Behaviors and Objectively-Measured and Self-Reported Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Diverse Sample of Farmers’ Market Shoppers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kelley Casey J. , Hanson Karla L. , Marshall Grace A. , Volpe Leah C. , Pitts Stephanie Jilcott , Rafferty Ann P. , Seguin-Fowler Rebecca 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is associated with reduced risk of numerous chronic diseases. The community food environment can support FV intake through enhanced access via food outlets, such as farmers’ markets. This paper examines cross-sectional associations between farmers’ market shopping behaviors and objectively-measured and self-reported FV intake to better understand whether farmers’ market shopping behavior relates to FV intake among farmers’ market shoppers. Methods: Farmers’ market shoppers were surveyed at 17 farmers’ markets in rural North Carolina and New York City. A questionnaire assessed self-reported FV intake and three measures of farmers’ market shopping behavior: (1) frequency, (2) variety of FV purchased, and (3) dollars spent on FV. Skin carotenoid status, a non-invasive biomarker for FV intake, was objectively measured using pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy. Associations between shopping behaviors at farmers’ markets and FV intake were examined using regression models that controlled for individual demographics (age, sex, race, smoking status, education, income, and site). Results: Farmers’ market shoppers in New York City purchased a greater variety of FV and had higher skin carotenoid scores than in North Carolina. There was a positive, statistically significant association between self-reported frequency of shopping at farmers’ markets and both self-reported and objectively assessed FV intake. We also observed that variety of FV purchased and farmers’ market spending were positively associated with self-reported FV intake, but not skin carotenoid status.Conclusion: Those who shop more frequently at a farmers’ markets, purchase a greater variety of FV, and spend more money on FV have higher self-reported, and in some cases, higher objectively measured FV intake. Further research is needed to understand these associations and test causality.
Butterfly Fragment in the Femoral Shaft Fractures Treated by Intramedullary Nail: Do We Need to Reduce It or Not?
Authors: Dabak Tayyar Kürşat , Ci̇van Osman , Özdemi̇r Hakan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Limited data is available regarding the effect of gap size, fragment size and position of fragment on union in fragmented femur shaft fracture. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of these parameters on union and determine cut-off values that necessitate reduction of fragment. Methods: Total of 59 patients with fragmented femur shaft fracture were reviewed and the effect of fragment size, gap size and fragment position on union were evaluated on 3rd, 6th and 12th month graphies from medical record of patients. Union rate was determined due to Radiographic Union Score of Femur. Patients were divided into small gap ( 10 mm) or large gap (10 mm), reverse fragment or non-reverse fragment and small fragment (50 mm) or large fragment (50mm) groups. Kruskal–Wallis Variance Analysis and Mann Whitney U test was used for comparisons among groups. The post-hoc Mann Whitney U-Test with Bonferroni Correction was used when the Kruskal Wallis Variance Analysis determined a significant difference.Results: In comparison of union scores of groups in regarding gap size and fragment size, there was not significant difference between groups at 3rd, 6th and 12th months. Union scores in the 3rd month (p=0,011) and 6th month (p=0,039) were lower in the reverse group than non-reverse group. But there was not statistically significant difference between two groups at 12th month (p=0.819). There was no significant difference in union rates in respect to intramedullary nail types. There was an indirect correlation between age and mean union score at 12th month. Conclusions: we could not determine any cutoff value regarding gap width and fragment size in the treatment of the femoral shaft fractures by IMN. Although there was a tendency to decrease in union scores due to the increase in the gap size, any significant difference was not determined. Only the reverse position of fragment had an adverse effect on the union until 6th months but the union score of reverse group reached the result of the non-reverse group by 12th months.
Predictors of malnutrition among elderly people above 65 Years in East Ethiopia: Neglected public health concern
Authors: Abdu Abdu Oumer , Dagne Imam , Ali Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background A nutritional problem, especially under nutrition is one of the common public health problems in elderly causing greater mortality and economic loss in developing countries. However, evidences on the risk factors for increased nutritional risk among elderly is not well stated in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and predictors of malnutrition among elderly (> = 65 years) in Eastern Ethiopia.Methods Community based survey was conducted among randomly selected 592 elderly age above 65 years of age in Harari region selected using multistage sampling Pretested full Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool was used to classify as malnourished (MNA score <17), at risk of malnutrition (MNA score of 17 to 23.5) and otherwise normal. Validated geriatric depression scale short form (15 items) was employed to screen for depression. Statistical tables, frequency, percentage and graphs. Ordinary logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of malnutrition and plum method was used to generate odds ratio. Level of statistical significance was declared at P value less than 5%. Chi-square test, crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence was reported. Results A total of 592 respondents with response rate of 93.4% were interviewed. A total of 306 (51.7%) and 93 (15.7%) were found to be at risk of malnutrition and malnourished respectively. The predicted log odds of being malnourished was higher among those from rural residents (AOR = 2.08: 1.25-3.45), not on working (AOR = 1.31: 95% CI: 0.87-1.95) and did not have health insurance (AOR = 1.58; 95% CI; 0.97-2.58). Those with chronic pain (AOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.15-2.51), previous hospitalization (AOR = 1.59: 95% CI: 1.27-2.38) and not able to cover their personal expense (AOR =1.61: 95% CI: 1.12-2.30) were predictors of malnutrition. The relationship between previous hospitalizations with malnutrition among elderly is moderated significantly by the presence of chronic pain (β = 0.113, p = 0.015).Conclusions Malnutrition among old age is public health concern that needs attention. Economic vulnerability, residence, depression, presence of chronic disease and hospitalization were an important risk factors for malnutrition among old age.
WITHDRAWN: Humorous Dispositions Predicting Turnover among Early-Career Israeli Medical Clowns
Authors: Reizer Abira , Koslowsky Meni , Antilevich-Steg Rivki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, medical clowning research has received increasing interest. However, the clowns’ dispositional factors associated with their turnover behavior have yet to be examined systematically.Objectives: The current study examined whether individual differences in humor predict turnover behavior. This was accomplished by investigating the mediating role of the medical clowns’ job satisfaction and the moderating role of previous traumatic experiences.Method: Israeli medical clowns (N = 111) participated in a three-stage longitudinal study. Humorous dispositions were measured during the first week of medical clowning training, job satisfaction was measured two months later, and turnover behaviors were measured after six months.Results: Findings revealed that higher humor appreciation was associated with actual turnover through the mediating role of job satisfaction, whereas humor creation directly increased turnover. In addition, previous traumatic experiences moderated the associations between humor appreciation and turnover.Conclusion: Overall, our research findings support the notion that a humorous disposition can aid in predicting medical clowning turnover. As humor can be observed in numerous settings, in medicine as well as in other fields, we suggest implementing procedures to decrease the turnover rate of medical clowns.
Assessment of Quality of Life Related to Radiation Proctitis in Patients Who Received Pelvic Radiotherapy
Authors: Seabra Marcela Krug , Jesus Rafaela Gomes de , Leão Tiago Pereira de , Friedman Gabriel Teitelbaum , Becker Alice Scalzilli , Azevedo Mariana Saadi de , Falkenberg Isabel Ghirardi , Margheti Luana Vieira , Obst Fernando Mariano , Fay André Poisl 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy is widely used in the treatment of several pelvic neoplasms, Radiation-related adverse events may result in intestinal, urinary, sexual, bone and dermatological disorders, impacting quality of life. The prevalence of radiation proctitis is probably underestimated. The aim of this study is to assess the quality of life associated with radiation proctitis in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy.Methods: A cohort of 40 consecutive patients from an academic institution in Brazil who received pelvic radiotherapy was analyzed. Patients completed questionnaires EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-PRT20 at the beginning and at the end of treatment. Clinico-pathological features were also collected using standard templates. Results: Thirty-seven patients were included in the analysis. Thirty-two patients (80%) were male and had prostate cancer. Pelvic radiotherapy was associated with worsening bowel control (p=0.0171) leakage (p=0.0542) and pain (p=0.0074) in EORTC QLQ-PRT20. Patients had increased number of bowel movements per day after treatment (p=0.0036). Fatigue (p=0.0176) and diarrhea (p=0.0103) increased after radiation therapy. There was no statistical difference in global quality of life in patients who received radiotherapy. Conclusion: EORTC QLQ-PRT20 questionnaire is suitable for assessing the quality of life related to radiation proctitis in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy. This tool may help clinicians in the management and monitoring of treatment-related adverse events of this treatment modality.