bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genius and talent: comparative analysis
Authors: Aronov A. 
Published: October 2020

The article considers some characteristic features of genius personalities and, in particular, the attitude of unique people to work. In broad public circles, it has long been established and has become a stable idea that genius, especially in the field of artistic culture, everything is surprisingly easy, that in a certain sense of the word it is the spoils of fate. Sometimes people talk about scientists in a similar way. A well-known example is given with Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, who really had a dream about the periodic table of elements. However, for some reason it is forgotten that before this significant dream, an outstanding scientist for many years was engaged in the systematization of elements and at a certain stage, the quantity turned into quality.
The article continues the author's long-term research on the problem of genius, the results of which were presented in such works as: "Riddles of creativity" (1995), "Secrets and riddles of genius" (2012). The last work in an abridged version was published in 2016 in Germany. The problem of genius is revealed by Professor A. A. Aronov also in many articles.
Glycemic Status, Insulin Resistance, and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in Individuals With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Kim Nam Hee , Chang Yoosoo , Lee Sung Ryol , Ryu Seungho , Kim Hong Joo 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The impact of glycemic status and insulin resistance on the risk of pancreatic cancer in the nondiabetic population remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the association of glycemic status and insulin resistance with pancreatic cancer mortality in individuals with and without diabetes.

METHODS:
This is a cohort study of 572,021 Korean adults without cancer at baseline, who participated in repeat screening examinations which included fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin, and were followed for a median of 8.4 years (interquartile range, 5.3 -13.2 years). Vital status and pancreatic cancer mortality were ascertained through linkage to national death records.

RESULTS:
During 5,211,294 person-years of follow-up, 260 deaths from pancreatic cancer were identified, with a mortality rate of 5.0 per 105 person-years. In the overall population, the risk of pancreatic cancer mortality increased with increasing levels of glucose and hemoglobin A1c in a dose-response manner, and this association was observed even in individuals without diabetes. In nondiabetic individuals without previously diagnosed or screen-detected diabetes, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia were positively associated with increased pancreatic cancer mortality. Specifically, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) for pancreatic cancer mortality comparing the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance ≥75th percentile to the <75th percentile was 1.49 (1.08–2.05), and the corresponding hazard ratio comparing the insulin ≥75th percentile to the <75th percentile was 1.43 (1.05–1.95). These associations remained significant when introducing changes in insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and other confounders during follow-up as time-varying covariates.

DISCUSSION:
Glycemic status, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia, even in individuals without diabetes, were independently associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer mortality.
Dilation Modifies Association Between Symptoms and Esophageal Eosinophilia in Adult Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Safroneeva Ekaterina , Cotton Cary C. , Schoepfer Alain M. , Zwahlen Marcel , Woosley John T. , Dellon Evan S. 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
We investigated whether dilation modifies the association between symptoms and esophageal eosinophilia (peak esophageal eosinophils/high-power field [eos/hpf]) in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis enrolled into a randomized trial comparing the efficacy of budesonide and fluticasone.

METHODS:
Baseline Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire and Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index were available in 102 and 73 patients, respectively, of whom 56 and 39 underwent dilation at screening endoscopy before symptom assessment. The pair-wise relationship between Dysphagia Symptom Questionnaire, Eosinophilic Esophagitis Activity Index, and eos/hpf was analyzed with nonparametric correlations.

RESULTS:
In nondilated patients, the association between baseline eos/hpf and symptoms was moderate and significant, although it was abolished in dilated patients.

DISCUSSION:
Dilation modifies association between symptoms and eos/hpf (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02019758).
Randomized Controlled Trial of Personalized Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment vs Education to Promote Screening Uptake
Authors: Yen Timothy , Qin FeiFei , Sundaram Vandana , Asiimwe Edgar , Storage Tina , Ladabaum Uri 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Risk stratification has been proposed as a strategy to improve participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but evidence is lacking. We performed a randomized controlled trial of risk stratification using the National Cancer Institute's Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (CCRAT) on screening intent and completion.

METHODS:
A total of 230 primary care patients eligible for first-time CRC screening were randomized to risk assessment via CCRAT or education control. Follow-up of screening intent and completion was performed by record review and phone at 6 and 12 months. We analyzed change in intent after intervention, time to screening, overall screening completion rates, and screening completion by CCRAT risk score tertile.

RESULTS:
Of the patients, 61.7% of patients were aged <60 years, 58.7% female, and 94.3% with college or higher education. Time to screening did not differ between arms (hazard ratio 0.78 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52–1.18], P = 0.24). At 12 months, screening completion was 38.6% with CCRAT vs 44.0% with education (odds ratio [OR] 0.80 [95% CI 0.47–1.37], P = 0.41). Changes in screening intent did not differ between the risk assessment and education arms (precontemplation to contemplation: OR 1.52 [95% CI 0.81–2.86], P = 0.19; contemplation to precontemplation: OR 1.93 [95% CI 0.45–8.34], P = 0.38). There were higher screening completion rates at 12 months in the top CCRAT risk tertile (52.6%) vs the bottom (32.4%) and middle (31.6%) tertiles (P = 0.10).

DISCUSSION:
CCRAT risk assessment did not increase screening participation or intent. Risk stratification might motivate persons classified as higher CRC risk to complete screening, but unintentionally discourage screening among persons not identified as higher risk.
Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Northern Italy: A Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Schettino Mario , Pellegrini Lucienne , Picascia Desiree , Saibeni Simone , Bezzio Cristina , Bini Francesco , Omazzi Barbara F. , Devani Massimo , Arena Ilaria , Bongiovanni Marco , Manes Gianpiero , Della Corte Cristina Maria Rita 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The most typical presentation of COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome whose most common symptoms include fever, cough, and dyspnea. However, gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and nausea/vomiting, are increasingly reported in patients affected by COVID-19. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and time of onset of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients affected by COVID-19 and to find potential associations between gastrointestinal symptoms and clinical outcomes.

METHODS:
We performed a prospective single-center cohort study, enrolling patients who received diagnosis of COVID-19 at our institution between March 23, 2020, and April 5, 2020. We collected patient demographics and medical history, laboratory data, and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we used a specifically designed questionnaire, administered to patients at time of diagnosis, to obtain data on the presence and time of onset of fever, typical respiratory symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and other symptoms (fatigue, headache, myalgia/arthralgia, anosmia, ageusia/dysgeusia, sore throat, and ocular symptoms).

RESULTS:
In our cohort, 138 (69%) of 190 patients showed at least 1 gastrointestinal symptom at diagnosis; if excluding hyporexia/anorexia, 93 patients (48.9%) showed at least 1 gastrointestinal symptom. Gastrointestinal symptoms, in particular diarrhea, were associated with a lower mortality. At multivariate analysis, diarrhea was confirmed as independent predictive factor of lower mortality.

DISCUSSION:
Gastrointestinal symptoms are very frequent in patients with COVID-19 and may be associated with a better prognosis. These data suggest that, in some patients, the gastrointestinal tract may be more involved than the respiratory system in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and this could account for the less severe course of disease.
PAC Natural Products: A Story Six Decades in the Making
Authors: Black David StC 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In 2020, IUPAC celebrates the 60th anniversary of its scientific journal Pure and Applied Chemistry. The journal was established in part to record written accounts of plenary lectures presented at IUPAC-sponsored conferences. This brought back personal memories and prompted me to take a look in the archives in relation to the beginning of the Natural Products Symposium series. The inaugural IUPAC International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products was also held in 1960, from 15–25 August, in Australia, and was a veritable moving feast from Melbourne to Canberra and Sydney. It was a remarkable event that featured no fewer than five Nobel Laureates and two IUPAC Presidents, and set the stage for a wonderful series of conferences that continues still. Records of that event in Pure and Applied Chemistry are published in 1961, Volume 2, issue 3 [1].
Effect of laser beam trajectory on pocket geometry in laser micromachining
Authors: Witkowski Grzegorz , Tofil Szymon , Mulczyk Krystian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article presents the problem of planning the laser beam trajectory for the laser micromachining process. The article concerns on the ablative laser micromachining issues. Different effects of laser beam trajectory on pocket geometry in laser micromachining were investigated. The results of experimental tests are presented. Based on the research, potential causes of different effects of the laser beam for various trajectories were formulated. Several different types of trajectories for the assumed shape were developed for the purposes of the research. Laser micromachining was performed with fixed parameters of the laser device using different trajectories. The article indicates the significant impact of the laser beam trajectory on the effect of interaction on matter during the laser milling process, which is not often mentioned in scientific reports. The article presents the basic geometrical measurements indicating the need to determine the leading of the laser beam. Studieswere conducted using the microscopic observation methods and interferometric methods for estimating the surface condition. The article indicates the need for extensive research focusing on the mechanism of the impact of the laser beam scan strategy on the effect on the material during ablative laser machining. The article summarizes the analysis and discussion of research results.
Genetic affinity of sunflower lines and cluster analysis by morphological traits
Authors: Vedmedeva Katerina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to identify the use of qualitative and quantitative morphological traits to ascertain genetic affinity and identification of sunflower lines. A collection of 39 sunflower lines was studied according to morphological qualitative traits described in the method of establishing differences, homogeneity, stability and quantitative traits (plant organ size, 1000 seeds weight, oil content). Several lines of unknown origin were identified to each other. The material of the collection of lines proved the possibility of clustering by the method of link analysis on a set of morphological features. Generalized data show that only three lines out of 39 do not correspond to known lineages in their clusters, which is 92% of the correct cluster definition. The results of clustering, identification and breeding records were compared. To be consistent with the breeding records classification, the number of distinguished traits that are not similar must exceed 20 names given to the score.
The evolution of the milk sector in Portugal: Implications from the Common Agricultural Policy
Authors: Martinho Vítor João Pereira Domingues 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe milk sector across the European Union (EU) has experienced several changes, due to the intrinsic characteristics of its respective structures of production. In fact, due to significant increases in production, this sector has suffered dramatic surplus supplies, which have had a relevant impact, namely on the market’s management. In this framework, the EU created the milk quota system in the 1980s to control the milk markets and prepare the sector for the subsequent reforms verified by the agricultural policy instruments. However, this system was a temporary measure from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and was removed in 2015, having new and relevant impacts on the sector around Europe and, specifically, in Portugal. In this context, the main objective of this research was to assess the several impacts from the several reforms of the CAP instruments for the milk sector within the Portuguese context. For this, a literature survey from the Web of Science (Core Collection) was carried out searching for the topics “milk” and “Common Agricultural Policy.” From this search, 57 documents (only articles were considered, excluding, for example, proceedings papers) were obtained. To complement this literature review, several data from the Eurostat and from the Portuguese agricultural market information system were considered and explored through econometric approaches. The main insights obtained show that the milk sector is a controversial topic, which continues to need special policy attention, namely to avoid asymmetries across the several EU member-states.
Startup Competitions and their Role in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: A Conceptual Attempt
Authors: Stolz Lennard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch on entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) is still advancing as a concept that both practitioners and scholars claim has advanced beyond other approaches to fostering or explaining regional entrepreneurship. However, criticism of the concept centers on a lack of understanding of causes and effects and the importance of single instruments for its functionality. While practitioners and policy makers are jumping on the bandwagon and trying to aim policies directly at entrepreneurial ecosystems, investigation of the role of single instruments and their impact on entrepreneurial ecosystems remains insufficient. Fostering entrepreneurship through startup competitions (SUCs) is a decades-old policy instrument. Today, both scholars and practitioners mention SUCs as an element of entrepreneurial ecosystems, but analyzing them from that perspective remains undone. Building on a regional understanding of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems, this paper provides a novel framework for the role of startup competitions in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Following on previous studies of SUCs, this study identifies core mechanisms and benefits of the competitions and presents a general framework for SUCs. Then, the study results are synthesized with mechanisms central to entrepreneurial ecosystems, e.g., entrepreneurial learning, networks of entrepreneurial-related actors in the region, and financing entrepreneurship. It is argued that startup competitions work as network hubs in entrepreneurial ecosystems because they connect: a) entrepreneurs with each other, b) entrepreneurs with relevant actors (e.g., financiers, experts, entrepreneurship support organizations), c) those actors among themselves. Therefore, the competitions are “anchor events” and strengthen the overall quality of the EE in which they occur. The study also argues that SUCs benefit from a functioning EE’s positive climate for entrepreneurship and the availability of resources. The study is theoretical, and its findings lead to an agenda for further research.
Desempeño de pruebas de no linealidad con la presencia de atípicos
Authors: Vásquez Londoño Michael 
Published: October 2020

Evidencia sobre la existencia de estructuras no lineales en series de tiempo económicas se ha presentado en los últimos años en la literatura. Frecuentemente se usan pruebas para contrastar la hipòtesis nula de linealidad; sin embargo la existencia de valores atípicos puede afectar su desempeño concluyendo de forma errónea que exista una no linealidad endógena en el proceso generador de datos. En este trabajo, mediante un ejercicio de simulación, se analiza el desempeño de tres pruebas para detectar no linealidad con y sin la presencia de atípicos. Asimismo, se examina si la serie de precios de la electricidad en Colombia tiene una dinámica no lineal.
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Bubonium graveolens
Authors: Fyad Khadidja , Belboukhari Nasser , Hadj-Khelil Aminata Ould El , Sekkoum Khaled 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Bubonium graveolens is used in traditional pharmacopoeia against imbalances of the gastrointestinal tract, cephalic pains, and bronchitis, and as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Methods: We have investigated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Bubonium graveolens in male mice of strain NMRI Albinos, weighing between 22 g and 38 g. Acetic acid was used to induce writhes in the mice and inflammation of paw edema.
Results: Evaluation of the analgesic activity showed that the aqueous extract at 150 mg/kg of the plant induced a decrease in the number of abdominal cramps caused by 1% acetic acid. The aqueous extract of the plant had an analgesic effect almost equal to that of Diclofenac; in fact, the latter caused a pain inhibition of 49 ± 1.1% while Bubonium graveolens caused a pain inhibition of 49.6 ± 2.1%, at the concentration of 150 mg/kg. Evaluation of the percentage of inhibition showed that the aqueous extract of Bubonium graveolens had a better anti-inflammatory activity compared to Diclofenac sodium during the treatment duration (69.57% — 56.52% at 60 min; 71.43% — 50.00% at 120 min, and 75.00% — 66.67% at 180 min).
Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that Bubonium graveolens inhibits inflammation and could explain its effective use in traditional medicine.
Preterm birth and low birth weight in neonates with postnatal respiratory failure at a tertiary hospital in Viet Nam
Authors: Nam Nguyen Thanh , Dem Pham Van , Tam Ngo Thi , Dung Nguyen Tien 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the rate of preterm birth and low birth weight in neonates having postnatal respiratory failure.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in the study. There were 139 neonates with postnatal respiratory failure and 278 neonates without respiratory failure included in the study. Data on comorbidities, gestational age, and mechanical ventilation status were collected.
Results: Among neonates with respiratory failure, the rate of preterm birth (< 37 weeks) was 70.5%. The average gestational age and weight of the respiratory failure group were significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Asphyxia, patent ductus arteriosus, and hyaline membrane were the most common causes of respiratory failure. The rate of neonates having less than 37 gestational weeks and requiring mechanical ventilation as treatment for respiratory failure was 73.5%, in which the proportion of neonates born before 32 gestational weeks was 47.1% (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The rates of preterm birth and low birth weight among infants with respiratory failure in a tertiary hospital in Vietnam were significantly high. Causes of preterm birth and low birth weight were preventable and treatable if having appropriate care and treatment plan.
Upregulation of efrAB efflux pump among Enterococcus faecalis ST480, ST847 in Iran
Authors: Shiadeh Seyedeh Marzieh Jabbari , Azimi Leila , Azimi Taher , Pourmohammad Ali , Goudarzi Mehdi , Chaboki Bahare Gholami , Hashemi Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAntibiotic resistance and especially multiresistance in Enterococci, is a serious public health issue especially in infections of immunocompromised patients. EfrAB is a heterodimeric multidrug ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that causes endogenous resistance to antimicrobials including fluoroquinolones inEnterococcusspp. The aim of this study was to seek the gene expression rate and role ofefrABefflux pump in ciprofloxacin resistantEnterococcus faecalisand Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of multiresistant isolates. Phenotypic and genotyping identification of 80E. faecalisisolates were performed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ciprofloxacin (CIP) were measured with and without carbonylcyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) by broth microdilution. After DNA extraction and sequencing for detection ofefrAandefrBgenes, the efrABefflux positive isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin and showed decrease of ciprofloxacin MIC range were identified. Isolates that exhibited decrease in ciprofloxacin MIC range from two to ten folds were assessed for biofilm formation and finally, the expression levels ofefrB, efrAgenes were measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). High rates of resistance to tetracycline and minocycline and low rates of resistance to the most antibiotics used in this study were detected. The results in this study indicated that the incidence of Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was 23.7% and all isolates that were resistant to ciprofloxacin revealed several degrees of overexpression inefrAandefrBgenes. Our study found two ST480 and one ST847 inE. faecalisisolates. In conclusion, despite of low frequency of resistance to the most antibiotics and MDRs in our region, we found one ST480 isolate with resistance to eight antibiotics that also exists in other parts of the world.
Possible contribution of trained immunity in faulty hormonal imprinting and DOHaD: Review and hypothesis
Authors: Csaba György 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe faulty hormonal imprinting theory (published in 1980) and the DOHaD (Developmental Origin of Health and Disease theory (published in 1986) are twin-concepts: both justify the manifestation after long time (in adults) diseases which had been provoked in differentiating cells (e.g. during gestation). This was demonstrated using animal experiments as well, as comparative statistical methods (in human cases). However, there is no explanation for the tools of memorization (even after decades) of the early adversity and the tools of execution (manifestation) in adult age. It seems likely that immune memory is involved to the memorization of early adversity, up to the manifestation of the result (non-communicable diseases). Nevertheless, the relatively short timespan of adaptive immune memory makes this system insuitable for this function, however the newly recognized trained memory of the innate immune system seems to be theoretically suitable for the storage of the records and handling the sequalae, which is the epigenetic reprogramming in the time of provocation, without changes in base sequences (mutation). The flawed (damaged) program is manifested later, in adult age. Evidences are incomplete, so further animal experiments and human observations are needed for justifying the theory.