bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of infrastructure maintenance cost of intercity railway in Thailand
Authors: Kruajun Geerati , Sangpetgnam Boonchai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Infrastructure in the rail system requires considerable investment in construction and maintenance. In many countries, railway operators have been able to share the capacity of the railroad to achieve efficient infrastructure usage. For the development of Thailand’s railway network system in the future, it is possible for separating management between infrastructure and the rolling stock operations. Therefore, it is necessary to know the costs and factors that affects the cost of infrastructure, including government budget subsidies, to be the basis for track utilization charges. In this study, the costs of infrastructure construction and maintenance on 5 route sections representing different traffic characteristics were studied by using records from 5 years. It was found that the maintenance cost of the telecommunication and signalling system ranges from 1.3 to 1.7 million baht per year per station. The average annual maintenance cost of the railway track was 280,000 to 310,000 baht per track per kilometre. The traffic density was found to be the main factor that influenced the maintenance cost.
Construction and demolition waste aggregates: analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of mortars
Authors: Calcado G , Alves L , Vazquez E , Toledo Filho R D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Civil construction is responsible for the excessive consumption of natural resources and the generation of the largest share of solid urban waste. In this context, recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is presented as an alternative to minimize the impacts generated by construction. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of recycled CDW aggregates on the behavior of Portland cement mortars with three distinct mixtures. In addition to the reference mixtures, mortars with three different substitution levels of the natural aggregate for recycled aggregate, which were submitted to physical and mechanical tests in the Laboratory of Structures and Materials (LABEST) - COPPE/UFRJ. The results showed that for some substitution levels there was no loss on the properties of the mortars. Therefore, their performance is a function of the mixture adopted and the substitution content of the natural aggregate for the recycled.
Identification of limiting deep drawing ratio using the energy criterion of fracture
Authors: Soe Kyaw Zayar , Feoktistov S I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper describes a method which has been developed for obtaining the limiting deep drawing ratio of titanium alloys and determines the moment of failure of the blank. This method is based on not only the use of Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) in predicting the failure of the blank but also the using method of variable parameters of elasticity in determining the stress-strain state in the deep drawing process.
A straightforward moment method to estimate the load and resistance factors
Authors: Zhang X Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The load and resistance factor design is widely applied in engineering, where the load and resistance factors are introduced to account for the uncertainties in practice. Accurate estimation of the load and resistance factors is important for an appropriate design, which is generally conducted by the First Order Reliability Method (FORM). However, since the design point must be determined and derivative-based iterations have to be used, FORM is not practical for engineers. Furthermore, distributions of the load and resistance are required in FORM, which are usually unknown in practice. To overcome these deficiencies, moment methods are proposed, which estimate the load and resistance factors based on their moments. Although, the existing moment methods significantly reduce the iteration numbers, iterations are still necessary when higher accuracy is required. Therefore, a straightforward moment method is proposed in the present paper to estimate the load and resistance factors without iteration. The procedure of the proposed method is summarized in a flowchart with explicit expressions given. The accuracy of the proposed method is examined by comparison study among existing methods. It is shown that the proposed method is both accurate and efficient in estimating the load and resistance factors with no iteration required.
A case study on the plan for soil reinforcement by TCS in south korea
Authors: Seo Seokhyun , Kang Wondong , Lee Jungsang , Jung Euiyoup 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Compaction grouting was developed in the 1950s as a remedial measure for the correction of building settlement, and used almost exclusively for that purpose for many years. Over the past 25 years, however, compaction grouting technology has evolved to treat a wide range of subsurface conditions for new and remedial construction. Compaction grouting is used foundation rehabilitation, ground improvement, railroad subgrade stabilization, seismic/liquefaction mitigation, sinkhole remediation, tunneling stabilization, void filling. It also has merit that makes possible to construct structures having narrow working spaces. But the effects of ground improvement depending on the type of soil must be studied in order to adopt in various soil(granular soil and cohesive soil). In this paper, field and laboratory tests were performed to understand effects of ground improvement for soft ground and seismic mitigation. To know the characteristics of bearing capacity in adjacent ground, plate loading test for behind the improving ground. Strength characteristics of TCS were indicated by uniaxial compression test. Ground improvement effect by TCS together strength increment effect by TCS itself was proved that TCS can be used for soil improvement method using bearing capacity increment.
Earthquake Hazard Safety Assessment of Buildings via Smartphone App: A Comparative Study
Authors: Harirchian Ehsan , Lahmer Tom 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe failure of man-made structures is the main cause of more injuries during an earthquake and more economic losses. In addition, as urban areas continue to develop, the need for an effective disaster management system to develop resilient communities increased. To estimate the severity of a building’s damage, several seismic assessment methods have been introduced. Rapid visual screening methods (RVS) are the fastest and simplest methods developed to evaluate the initial vulnerability profile of the existing building stock, constructed before or after the adoption and enforcement of seismic codes. In this study, FEMA P-154, Indian RVS (IITK-GSDMA), Turkish RVS (EMPI), and EHSAPP method have been utilized on some buildings and their results compared to each other with regard to the real occurring damage after an earthquake on the same buildings. It was observed that the EHSAPP method has a better and more realistic seismic risk assessment than others.
Integration of the environomic energy services for mobility and household using electric vehicle with a range extender of solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Dimitrova Zlatina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article studies an innovative concept for vehicle propulsion, considered to deliver mobility services and integrated energy services for a household. An innovative converter – a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with gas turbines system (SOFC- GT) is powering an electric vehicle. The vehicle architecture is as a serial range extender used to charge the high voltage battery. The range extender vehicle is optimized according to techno-economic and environmental criteria. It is researched to deliver optimal mobility and is integrated to the extended energy system, including the household needs. When the vehicle is unused is considered to be connected to the household and to deliver part of the energy services. In this configuration, the services of extended energy system are optimized. The environomic optimization concerns the extended energy system – vehicle and household and optimal designs for the integrated system are researched. The vehicle integrates energy services for mobility and household and becomes part of the large-scale energy grid for integrated services. The vehicle is sized for both uses. The major advantage of the energy integrated dual system is the reduction of the total global warming potential (GWP) impact with around 30000 kg CO2 eq. (60%). – from 50590 kg CO2 eq. to 20338 kg CO2 in comparison to separate energy services for mobility and household needs.
Performance and economic analysis of an organic Rankine Cycle for hybrid electric vehicles
Authors: Dimitrova Zlatina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Car manufacturers need to develop efficient technologies to reduce emissions and save fuel in order to cater of European regulations and satisfy customers’ requirements. Internal combustion engines have a main limitation on efficiency due mainly to the heat losses. Processing an energy integration, it has been shown than an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) can improve the overall powertrain efficiency by recovering the heat into electricity. In parallel, hybrid electric vehicles attractiveness increases as it enables important energy saving. The contribution of this article is to design highly efficient vehicles, using both Organic Rankine Cycle and hybrid electric technologies. An adapted methodology based on energy integration techniques is required to choose the best points for the integrated system design. This study applies a methodology on hybrid electric vehicles, so as to define the powertrain configuration of the vehicle that is energy integrated. The energy recovery potential of a single stage Organic Rankine Cycle for a thermal engine in combination with a mild hybrid electric powertrain is studied. The assessment is done for different drive cycles. A study of economic feasibility and fuel consumption improvement is also done, in order to characterize the integrated energy system.
Machine for accelerated cyclic corrosion tests through alternate immersion in salt solution
Authors: Nikolov Nikolay , Tsonev Veselin , Penkov Kamen , Kuzmanov Nikola , Borisov Boris 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Metal structures corrosion is a problem of global economic importance. Typically, the corrosion process runs slowly, which requires accelerated methods for corrosion behaviour examination. The conditions when accelerated methods are used differ from the real ones, which affects the results obtained. One of the methods that relatively successfully reproduces corrosion in a natural atmosphere is included in the standard EN ISO 11130:2018 – Alternate immersion test in salt solution. Unlike other widespread methods, uneven corrosion occurs here, including spots and pits, which greatly affect the mechanical behaviour of the material. The commercial devices for such tests are quite expensive. This justifies the development and production of one’s own equipment as the one presented in this paper. The design, construction and production of a low-cost device are hereby described. The first results of the tests performed with this machine are also given. The corrosion rate of rods, 6 mm in diameter, from widely used steel grades – S235JR and S235JRC – was determined. The duration of the test was 42 days. The results were compared with those from another corrosion test method with the same duration – immersion in a solution of 3.5% NaCl.
A multi-criteria selection of the transport plan of intercity passenger trains
Authors: Stoilova Svetla D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study proposes a methodology based on Sequential Interactive Modelling for Urban Systems (SIMUS) method for selection the transport plan of intercity passenger trains. The methodology uses linear programming to assess different transport plans. The research includes five steps. First, the alternatives transport plans of movement of passenger trains are determined. Second, the criteria for multi-criteria optimization of transport plan are defined. The SIMUS method is applied in the third step for ranking the alternatives. New approaches of integrated SIMUS-VIKOR and SIMUS-TOPSIS procedures have been proposed and compared. The verification of the results has been conducted in the fourth step by applying the Multi-criteria Optimization and Compromise Solution method (VIKOR) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method (TOPSIS). The fifth step includes the determination of the suitable transport plan according the changes in passenger flows. This step takes into account of uncertainty of process. The methodology has been applied for study the transport plan of passenger trains in Bulgaria’s railway network. The suitable organization of intercity passenger trains has been proposed. The elaborated new approach could be applied to make decision on a separate railway line or throughout the railway network, as well as for international passenger transport.
Choosing the container handling equipment in a rail-road intermodal terminal through multi-criteria methods
Authors: Stoilova Svetla D , Martinov Svetoslav V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study proposes a methodology based on the combination of multi-criteria methods for choosing the yard handling equipment in a rail-road container terminal. The methodology contains four steps. The alternative variants of the handling equipment have been determined in the first step. Three types of container handling equipment – electric Rail Mounted Gantry crane (RMG), diesel driven Rubber Tyred Gantry crane (RTG) and mobile Reach Stacker (RS), have been considered. The second step is based on a Technical, Economical, Technological and Ecological (TETE) analysis. The sub-criteria for each main TETE group to assess the alternatives have been defined. The alternatives have been assessed by applying of twenty sub-criteria. The weights of the main criteria and the sub-criteria have been determined in the third step by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results of weights given in this step are used in the next fourth step to ranking the alternatives by using Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) method. The sub-criteria that have main impact of the choice of an alternative are procurement costs (11%), annual operation costs (9%), stacking capacity (9%), annual equipment maintenance costs (6%), flexibility (6%) and carbon dioxide emissions (6%). Three variants according the type of terminal as small, medium and large are investigated. The results have been verified by using Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. It was found that the RS is the suitable alternative for small rail-road terminals, and the RMG is the best one for the medium and large rail-road terminals. The proposed methodology could be applied also to assess other types of handling equipment.
Realisation and Approbation of Conditionally Constant Coefficients Method for Loss Counter Measuring Tools
Authors: Kostinskiy S.S. , Shaykhutdinov D.V. , Kirievskiy E.V. , Manatskov Y.M. , Narakidze N.D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To date, electrical power in a form of higher-order current harmonics and voltage are reported to be worsening substantially in power lines of industrial and non-commercial consumers. This fact relates to the change of power consumer types to use different household and industrial power receivers. Higher-order harmonic current components cause extra losses in transformers. As a consequence, electrical power delivery is less efficient and losses increase. Therefore, it is necessary to measure harmonic components of current and voltage in distribution networks. The paper presents a measuring tool of loss counter developed on the base of constant coefficients method. Performance and relative accuracy were studied experimentally using a variable-speed drive with the results reported in the paper. The developed measuring tool meets the standards of admitted relative accuracy and is applicable to implement conditionally constant coefficients method in order to calculate excessive losses to be caused by non-sinusoidal loads in transformers of distribution networks.
UK national quantum technology programme
Authors: Knight Peter , Walmsley Ian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The UK has, through a mix of government and industry funding, committed more than £1Bn over ten years to a coordinated programme in quantum technology. Five years into this programme, the UK National Quantum Technology Programme has induced a step change in the nation’s capabilities for establishing a new sector in future quantum information technologies. We describe how the programme arose and the activities it has supported and influenced to deliver these new capabilities, building on a first phase of over £385M investment across several UK government agencies. As the programme enters its second phase, with a further substantial investment by UK government and global industries, we review the prospects for ensuring the advanced quantum science and demonstrator platforms in imaging, sensing, timing, communications and computing developed over the past five years drive the formation of the sector and embed quantum tech in a broad range of industries by means of new products and services.
Downregulation of Brain Gα12 Attenuates Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension
Authors: Gao Juan , Denys Ian , Shahien Amir , Sutphen Jane , Kapusta Daniel R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates central Angiotensin II type 1 receptors to increase blood pressure via multiple pathways. However, whether central Gα proteins contribute to Ang II-induced hypertension remains unknown. We hypothesized that Angiotensin II type 1 receptors couple with Gα12 and/or Gαq to produce sympatho-excitation and increase blood pressure and downregulation of these Gα-subunit proteins will attenuate Ang II-dependent hypertension.

METHODS AND RESULTS
After chronic infusion of Ang II (s.c. 350 ng/kg/min) or vehicle for 2 weeks, Ang II evoked an increase in Gα12 expression, but not Gαq in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of Sprague-Dawley rats. In other studies, rats that received Ang II or vehicle infusion s.c. were simultaneously infused i.c.v. with a scrambled (SCR) or Gα12 oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN; 50 µg/day). Central Gα12 ODN infusion lowered mean blood pressure in Ang II infused rats compared with SCR ODN infusion (14-day peak; 133 ± 12 vs. 176 ± 11 mm Hg). Compared to the SCR ODN group, Ang II infused rats that received i.c.v. Gα12 ODN showed a greater increase in heart rate to atropine, an attenuated reduction in blood pressure to chlorisondamine, and an improved baroreflex sensitivity. In addition, central Gα12 and Gαq ODN pretreatment blunted the pressor response to an acute i.c.v. injection of Ang II (i.c.v., 200 ng).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that central Gα12 protein signaling pathways play an important role in the development of chronic Ang II-dependent hypertension in rats.
Institutionally Based ImPACT Test® Normative Values May Differ from Manufacturer-Provided Normative Values
Authors: Walton Samuel R , Broshek Donna K , Freeman Jason R , Hertel Jay , Meyer J Patrick , Erdman Nicholas K , Resch Jacob E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
The necessity for pre-injury baseline computerized neurocognitive assessments versus comparing post-concussion outcomes to manufacturer-provided normative data is unclear. Manufacturer-provided norms may not be equivalent to institution-specific norms, which poses risks for misclassifying the presence of impairment when comparing individual post-concussion performance to manufacturer-provided norms. The objective of this cohort study was to compare institutionally derived normative data to manufacturer-provided normative values provided by ImPACT® Applications, Incorporated.

Method
National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1 university student athletes (n = 952; aged 19.2 ± 1.4 years, 42.5% female) from one university participated in this study by completing pre-injury baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) assessments. Participants were separated into 4 groups based on ImPACT’s age and gender norms: males &lt;18 years old (n = 186), females &lt;18 years old (n = 165), males &gt;19 years old (n = 361) or females &gt;19 years old (n = 240). Comparisons were made between manufacturer-provided norms and institutionally derived normative data for each of ImPACT’s clinical composite scores: Verbal (VEM) and Visual (VIM) Memory, Visual Motor Speed (VMS), and Reaction Time (RT). Outcome scores were compared for all groups using a Chi-squared goodness of fit analysis.

Results
Institutionally derived normative data indicated above average performance for VEM, VIM, and VMS, and slightly below average performance for RT compared to the manufacturer-provided data (χ2 ≥ 20.867; p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Differences between manufacturer- and institution-based normative value distributions were observed. This has implications for an increased risk of misclassifying impairment following a concussion in lieu of comparison to baseline assessment and therefore supports the need to utilize baseline testing when feasible, or otherwise compare to institutionally derived norms rather than manufacturer-provided norms.
Supplemental Foods Affect Energetic Reserves, Survival, and Spring Reproduction in Overwintering AdultHippodamia convergens(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Mercer Nathan H , Teets Nicholas M , Bessin Ricardo T , Obrycki John J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor insects that overwinter as adults, winter food resources may affect subsequent spring reproduction and abundance. We tested if provision of food supplements to overwintering adult Hippodamia convergens (Guerin) increased energy reserves, winter survival, and spring reproduction. During 2015–2016, H. convergens adults were placed in field cages in December; adults in each cage received water, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs, bee pollen, wheast protein, sugar, honey, or no food (control). In 2016–2017, treatments were reduced to sugar, bee pollen, A. pisum with E. kuehniella eggs, and no food (control). Adults were sampled to quantify weight, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content. In 2015–2016, A. pisum and E. kuehniella eggs increased adult weight and protein content, but adult carbohydrate content was reduced by A. pisum and wheast protein treatments. Adults receiving honey and sugar supplementation had higher lipid and carbohydrate content relative to controls. The number of live individuals at the end of the experiment in March 2016 did not differ among treatments. In 2016–2017, winter prey supplements had the greatest effect on protein content, weight, and number of live adults recovered, whereas sugar supplementation increased lipid and carbohydrate content, and number of live adults recovered. Spring reproduction of surviving pairs was evaluated among treatments in March 2017. Prey supplementation in 2016–2017 increased the number of eggs laid and decreased preoviposition period, and food treatment did not affect fertility. Our results indicate that prey and sugar resources improve the overwintering success and spring reproduction of H. convergens.