bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of thrombin generation with St Genesia to evaluate xaban pharmacodynamics: Analytical performances over 18 months
Authors: Foulon‐Pinto Geoffrey , Jourdi Georges , Perrin Julien , Abdoul Johan , Paris Guillaume , Gouin‐Thibault Isabelle , Curis Emmanuel , Lecompte Thomas , Siguret Virginie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionST Genesia is a new automated system enabling quantitative standardized evaluation of thrombin generation (TG), for example, in patients receiving anti‐Xa direct inhibitors (xabans). Data on its analytical performances are scarce.MethodsOver an 18‐month period, repeatability, reproducibility, and accuracy were assessed using STG‐ThromboScreen (without or with thrombomodulin) or STG‐DrugScreen reagents (corresponding to intermediate/high tissue‐factor concentration, respectively), and controls. Furthermore, reproducibility was assessed using commercialized lyophilized and frozen normal pooled plasmas. Rivaroxaban and apixaban impacts on TG parameters were assessed using spiking experiments. Finally, a comparison with the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram method (CAT) (PPP reagent) was performed using plasma from healthy volunteers enrolled in the DRIVING‐studyNCT 01627665) before and after rivaroxaban intake.ResultsFor all dedicated quality control (QC) levels, inter‐series coefficients of variations (CV) were <7% for temporal TG parameters, peak height (PH), and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), whether results were normalized with a dedicated reference plasma STG‐RefPlasma or not. Noteworthy, STG‐RefPlasma used for normalization displayed substantially high PH and ETP. Mean biases between the observed and manufacturer's assigned QC values were mostly <7%. Both rivaroxaban/apixaban plasma concentrations were significantly associated with TG parameters. Finally, Bland‐Altman plots showed a good agreement between ST Genesia‐STG‐ThromboScreen and CAT method within the explored range of values, although biases could be observed (PH: 16.4 ± 13.2%, ETP: 17.8 ± 11.9%).ConclusionST Genesia® enables the reliable measurement of TG parameters in both in vitro and ex vivo xaban plasma samples using either STG‐ThromboScreen or STG‐DrugScreen according to xaban concentrations. The use of reference plasma, despite not completely reflecting a normal pooled plasma behavior, likely improves standardization and inter‐laboratory comparisons.
Nighttime sleep duration trajectories were associated with body mass index trajectories in early childhood
Authors: Zheng Miaobing , Hesketh Kylie D. , Wu Jason H. Y. , Heitmann Berit L. , Downing Katherine , Campbell Karen J. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe respective contribution of total, daytime and nighttime sleep duration in childhood obesity remains unclear.ObjectivesTo assess the longitudinal association between developmental trajectories of sleep duration and BMI z‐score in early childhood.MethodsData were from the Melbourne INFANT program, a prospective cohort with 4‐month‐old infants being followed‐up until age 60 months (n = 528). Sleep duration (total, daytime, nighttime) and BMI z‐score were measured using questionnaire at ages 4, 9, 18, 43 and 60 months. Group‐based trajectory modelling was used to describe longitudinal trajectories from ages 4 to 60 months. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between sleep duration and BMI z‐score trajectories.ResultsThree nighttime sleep duration trajectory groups were identified: “Long stable” (10.5 to 11.0 hours, 61%), “catchup long” (8.0 to 11.5 hours, 23%) and “short stable” (8.7 to 9.8 hours, 16%) nighttime sleepers. BMI z‐score trajectory groups were classified as “low‐BMIz” (−1.5 to −0.5 unit, 21%), “mid‐BMIz” (−0.5 to 0.5 unit, 58%) and “high‐BMIz” (0.8 to 1.4 unit, 21%). With adjustment for child and maternal covariates, both “catchup long” (OR 3.69 95%CI 1.74, 7.92) and “long stable” nighttime sleepers (OR 4.27 95%CI 2.21, 8.25) revealed higher odds of being in the “mid‐BMIz” than the “high‐BMIz” group. By contrast, total or daytime sleep duration trajectories were not associated with BMI z‐score trajectories.ConclusionsLonger nighttime, but not total or daytime, sleep duration was associated with lower BMI z‐score trajectories in early childhood. Our findings reinforce the importance of nighttime sleep for healthy body‐weight development in early childhood.
Bank herding in loan markets: Evidence from geographical data in Japan
Authors: Nakagawa Ryuichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates whether Japanese banks followed herd behavior in loan markets during 1980–2000. Using data categorized by bank type and geographical area, we examine leader–follower relationships between the behavior of different bank types. We find evidence of their herding that is not explained by macroeconomic conditions. In particular, regional types of banks always followed banks that had large loan shares in individual areas. Such herding was observed more frequently in regional areas. Unusual herding by major banks was observed from immediately before the Japanese asset‐price bubble in the late 1980s to its bursting in the early 1990s. During the bubble period, the estimated amount of loans raised by major banks' herding in urban areas was greater than 2% of the average annual nominal GDP in the period, overwhelming that of herding by other types.
Achieving fabrication of highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics via air pre‐sintering by deionization treatment of suspension
Authors: Fu Zhongchao , Li Xiaodong , Zhang Mu , Zhu Qi , Li Ji‐Guang , He Jiao , Wang Xing'an , Sun Xudong 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAn easy albeit quite effective deionization suspension treatment was adopted to alleviate the detrimental effects related to the hydrolysis of Y2O3 in an aqueous medium. Fabrication of highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics with a fine grain size via air pre‐sintering and post–hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment without using any sintering additive was achieved using the treated suspensions. The hydrolysis issue of Y2O3 powder in an aqueous medium was effectively alleviated by using deionization treatment, and a well‐dispersed suspension with a low concentration of dissolved Y3+ species was obtained. The dispersed suspensions were consolidated by the centrifugal casting method, and the green bodies derived from the suspension of 35.0 vol% solid loading showed an improved homogeneity with a relative density of 52.1%. Fully dense Y2O3 transparent ceramic with high transparency was obtained by pre‐sintering consolidated green compacts at a low temperature of 1400°C for 16 h in air followed by a post‐HIP treatment at 1550°C for 2 h under 200 MPa pressure. The sample had a fine average grain size of 690 nm. The in‐line transmittance of the sample reached 83.3% and 81.8% at 1100 nm and 800 nm, respectively, very close to the theoretical values of Y2O3.
The impact of Fe dosage on the ettringite formation during high ferrite cement hydration
Authors: Wan Dawei , Zhang Wenqin , Tao Yong , Wan Zonghua , Wang Fazhou , Hu Shuguang , He Yongjia 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIllustrating the influence of Fe dosage and temperature on the formation of sulfoaluminate hydrates is of great significance to understand the early hydration process of high ferrite cement under steam curing. Herein, the impact of Fe dosage on the ettringite formation at different temperatures was revealed through the combination of experiments and computational simulations. A Fe dosage no more than 20% conspicuously accelerated the crystal growth of ettringite by increasing the surface energy in the (0 0 1) direction, whereas a higher dosage suppressed the formation of ettringite as the high incorporation of Fe ions into the ettringite crystal was energetically unstable. The chemical environment analysis of Fe in products shows that Fe(OH)63−, compared with Al(OH)63−, prefers to participate in the formation of Al2O3‐Fe2O3‐mono than ettringite, which is also confirmed by the calculated thermodynamic properties’ results. The understanding of the impact and mechanism of Fe on the formation of ettringite under steam curing conditions plays a pivotal role in the utilization of high ferrite cement.
Eco‐friendly Mn‐doped CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystal glass with blue‐red emission for indoor plant lighting
Authors: Chen Ya , Shen Linli , Liu Jianming , Liang Xiaojuan , Xiang Weidong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMn‐doped CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystal (PeNC) glass was prepared by melt quenching and in situ crystallization. Under the protection of robust glass, PeNCs exhibit excellent moisture resistance and thermal stability. The combination effect of thermal quenching and energy transfer of exciton to Mn2+ enables its promising applications in the field of temperature sensor. Interestingly, by matching with ultraviolet chips, all‐inorganic blue‐red emitting conversion device consisting of PeNC glass was prepared for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), which can meet the light requirements of plant growth. The cultivation results indicated that the growth of cabbages using PeNC plant cultivation LEDs was greater than those cultivated using commercial w‐LEDs (white light‐emitting diodes). Therefore, Mn‐doped CsPbCl3 PeNCs can be used as a new generation of solid fluorescent materials in the field of indoor plant cultivation LEDs.
Shear wave generation by mode conversion in picosecond ultrasonics: Impact of grain orientation and material properties
Authors: Wang Yuzhou , Khafizov Marat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPicosecond ultrasonics has seen wide application in the investigation of interfaces in semiconductors and 3D imaging in biological systems. Shear ultrasonic waves are important for elastic constant and grain orientation measurement in ceramic materials. In this study, we investigate the impact of grain orientation and material's elastic properties on the generation efficiency of shear waves by mode conversion at a transducer thin film/substrate interface. The solution of acoustic wave equations suggests that crystal grain orientation has a strong impact on the generated shear wave amplitude. This dependence is found to be closely related to the magnitude of longitudinal component of wave displacements. The applicability of analytical model is validated by the experimental results from time‐domain Brillouin scattering. Moreover, material properties determine acoustic wave amplitudes based on the acoustic mismatch model and, particularly, large elastic anisotropy defined by Zener ratio favors strong shear waves. In the light of this analysis, several recommendations on suitable grain orientations and film materials are made to facilitate shear wave detection.
Electrically conductive and thermally stable SiC‐TiC containing nanocomposites via flash pyrolysis
Authors: Zheng Jiaqi , Lu Kathy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFlash pyrolysis, which combines conventional pyrolysis with flash sintering, was first conducted to produce polymer derived SiC‐TiC nanocomposites. Pre‐pyrolysis at 800℃ allows the conversion from titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) modified polysiloxane to an amorphous SiTiOC ceramic. The subsequent application of an electric field gives rise to the formation of turbostratic carbon and creates Joule heating to obtain a sample internal temperature of ~1400℃. The precipitation of β‐SiC, TiC, as well as titanium oxides is realized upon carbothermal reduction of extensively phase separated SiO2 and TiO2 with carbon. Increasing TTIP content embodies the nanocomposites with prominent electrical percolation behaviors. The electrical transport of the synthesized ceramics follows an amorphous semiconductor mechanism. High thermal stability in air is guaranteed, thanks to the in‐situ formed TiC nanocrystals and preferentially reduced amorphous carbon. Flash pyrolyzed nanocomposite with a Ti:Si molar ratio of 0.20 exhibits the highest electrical conductivity (0.696 S/cm) and minimum mass change (~2%) at 1000℃, serving as a competitive candidate for electro‐discharge machining (EDM) applications or self‐standing conducting devices that must withstand high temperature conditions.
In situ characterization of ceramic cold sintering by small‐angle scattering
Authors: Allen Andrew J. , Levin Igor , Maier Russell A. , Witt Suzanne E. , Zhang Fan , Kuzmenko Ivan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe first in situ characterization of the pore morphology evolution during the cold sintering process (CSP) is presented using small‐angle X‐ray scattering methods. For practical reasons, measurements have been made on a model system, KH2PO4 (KDP). The scattering signal revealed a striking behavior that could be modeled with nanoscale structural features associated with the dissolution and reprecipitation of KDP close to the grain/pore interface during CSP. The prospects for future more quantitative experiments under a range of temperature and pressure conditions, as well as for studies of more technologically important materials such as ZnO are considered.
High electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness in MgO composites reinforced by aligned graphene platelets
Authors: Wang Wei , Cui Ruopeng , Zhang Peng , Wan Chunlei , Pan Wei 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTGraphene has been considered as an excellent filler to reinforce ceramics with enhanced properties. However, the uniform dispersion and controlled orientation of graphene sheets in a ceramic matrix have become major challenges toward higher performance. In this paper, we prepared MgO matrix composites with parallel graphene layers through the intercalation of the precursor into expandable graphite. We obtained a high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of ~30 dB, due to the multiple reflections and absorptance of electromagnetic waves between the parallel graphene layers. The hardness and strength of the MgO composite were also increased by introducing parallel graphene layers. All these properties suggest that the graphene/MgO composite represents a promising electromagnetic shielding material.
Unpacking the black‐box of students' visual attention in Mathematics and English classrooms: Empirical evidence using mini‐video recording gadgets
Authors: Farsani Danyal , Radmehr Farzad , Alizadeh Mohadaseh , Zakariya Yusuf Feyisara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the technological improvements of innovative portable recording gadgets, augmented researchers' interest in exploring students' visual attention in their natural and normal occurring classrooms. The purpose of this study was to gauge students' visual attention in their Mathematics and English classrooms. This article reports on a study conducted in three schools in Santiago, Chile, where a sample of 113 randomly selected students wore a mini‐video camera mounted on eyeglass in their Mathematics and English lessons. Using Google images, we automatically and objectively examined 723,600 frames from the recordings where the classroom teacher appeared in the students' visual field. The results show that students' visual attention varies depending on four factors: (a) gender of the student, (b) age of the students, whether students are low/high attainers and (d) whether students are in English or Mathematics lessons. Surprisingly, students significantly paid more visual attention in their Mathematics than in English lessons. High attainers were more visually engaged than their low attainers counterparts. Students appeared to be visually engaged differently at different stages in their education. Furthermore, girls were more visually engaged than boys. The results of this study can have enormous practical implications for teachers and teacher education, in order to be better visually engaged with students during teaching.
Access to Environmental Information in the EU: A Great Policy No‐One Needs?
Authors: Hillebrandt Maarten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is commonly argued that public institutions resist the advance of transparency, while civil society organisations (CSOs) are expected to advocate for more generous transparency laws that allow them to better participate in decision‐making. Remarkably, the way in which transparency developed in the Environment Council at least partially contradicts both claims. Here, the Council oversaw a steady expansion in the formal transparency policy framework, without notable resistance from the Council or its members. Yet from the outset, CSOs hardly made use of their transparency rights to obtain access. This article seeks an explanation for this apparently anomalous development in informal norms. Applying a qualitative case‐study analysis of multiple data sources, it demonstrates how informal norms develop alongside the formal access regime, implicating external actors, serving diverse and at times contradictory objectives, and showing a dynamic character over time. The findings highlight the indispensability of informality for understanding formal transparency policies.
Poptella fuscata, a new Stethaprionini from the upper Amazon basin, Peru (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Garcia‐Ayala James R. , Benine Ricardo C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new species of Poptella is described from the Río Putumayo, Upper Río Amazon basin, Peru. The new species is distinguished from congeners by having a dense field of dark chromatophores homogeneously spread over the posterior half of the body, posterior humeral blotch extending to three to four horizontal scale rows below the lateral line, and a higher number of branched dorsal‐fin rays. The new species can be readily distinguished from P. paraguayensis by having a comparatively shorter predorsal spine.
A multi‐level assessment of the bidirectional relationship between aging and the circadian clock
Authors: Buijink M. Renate , Michel Stephan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe daily temporal order of physiological processes and behavior contribute to the wellbeing of many organisms including humans. The central circadian clock, which coordinates the timing within our body, is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Like in other parts of the brain, aging impairs the SCN function, which in turn promotes the development and progression of aging‐related diseases. We here review the impact of aging on the different levels of the circadian clock machinery—from molecules to organs—with a focus on the role of the SCN. We find that the molecular clock is less effected by aging compared to other cellular components of the clock. Proper rhythmic regulation of intracellular signaling, ion channels and neuronal excitability of SCN neurons are greatly disturbed in aging. This suggests a disconnection between the molecular clock and the electrophysiology of these cells. The neuronal network of the SCN is able to compensate for some of these cellular deficits. However, it still results in a clear reduction in the amplitude of the SCN electrical rhythm, suggesting a weakening of the output timing signal. Consequently, other brain areas and organs not only show aging‐related deficits in their own local clocks, but also receive a weaker systemic timing signal. The negative spiral completes with the weakening of positive feedback from the periphery to the SCN. Consequently, chronotherapeutic interventions should aim at strengthening overall synchrony in the circadian system using life‐style and/or pharmacological approaches.
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Comparing neuropathy in multiple myeloma and AL amyloidosis
Authors: Ballegaard Martin , Nelson Lærke Marie , Gimsing Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeripheral neuropathy (PN) is frequent in patients with monoclonal gammopathy due to plasma cell dyscrasia, but little is known about the comparative impact of nerve dysfunction in different disorders. We compared clinical and laboratory results between two diagnostic groups. We recruited 76 untreated multiple myeloma (MM) and 27 AL amyloidosis (ALA) patients for evaluation of symptoms, clinical findings and nerve conduction studies (NCS). We diagnosed significant PN using total neuropathy scores (TNS > 7) in 17.6% of MM and 48.1% of ALA patients and in 27.7% of MM and 35.7% of ALA patients using NCS findings. TNS score grades were significantly higher in the AL amyloidosis patients (Fisher's exact test: P = .02) but a NCS based PN diagnosis was not significantly different (Fisher's exact test: P = .13). A significantly higher TNS vibration (P = .04) and pin (P = .02) sensory sign and TNS reflex (P = .04) sign score was found in amyloidosis patients. Likewise, quantitative sensory thresholds for vibration was higher in amyloidosis patients (Welsh ANOVA: P = .01). NCS revealed signs of more frequent axonal tibial neuropathy with significantly lower motor response amplitudes (P = .02) and resulting higher TNS scores (P = .002), while sural nerve sensory response amplitudes were without significant difference (P = .86). We found more severe TNS grades of PN in AL amyloidosis patients compared with MM patients. We also found higher sensory symptoms scores and higher thresholds for vibration but similar sensory involvement using NCS. The NCS exclusively showed signs of an axonal neuropathy.
What is a clinical academic? Qualitative interviews with healthcare managers, research‐active nurses and other research‐active healthcare professionals outside medicine
Authors: Newington Lisa , Alexander Caroline M. , Wells Mary 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the concept of “clinical academic” from the perspectives of healthcare managers and research‐active healthcare professionals outside medicine.BackgroundClinical academics are understood to be healthcare professionals who combine clinical and research responsibilities within their role. However, there is no agreed definition for this term either within or across nursing, midwifery and the other healthcare professions outside medicine.DesignQualitative service evaluation, reported using the COREQ checklist.MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight healthcare managers and 12 research‐active clinicians within a UK hospital group. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework method.ResultsClinical academics were described in four themes. Two themes explored the components of the role and the contribution of these individuals to their profession: combining clinical practice, research and education; and pushing boundaries. The third theme identified the clinical academic label as: a title that doesn't fit. The final theme examined a characteristic mindset of research‐active clinicians. There were no clear differences in the perceptions of managers and research‐active clinicians.ConclusionsClinical academics were perceived as valuable members of their team and were able to push the boundaries to move their profession forward. Some research‐active clinicians did not identify with the term “clinical academic” and for some managers and research‐active clinicians, the term was viewed as jargonistic. A clear and accepted definition would aid development of clinical academic career pathways and identities. It would also assist in evaluating the impact of these roles.Relevance to practiceAs clinical academic roles and opportunities are being developed across the professions outside medicine, it is important to have a shared common understanding of “clinical academic” to support the creation of career pathways and curricula, and to enable the evaluation of these roles.