bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baltic Sea sediments record anthropogenic loads of Cd, Pb, and Zn
Authors: Shahabi-Ghahfarokhi Sina , Josefsson Sarah , Apler Anna , Kalbitz Karsten , Åström Mats , Ketzer Marcelo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe unsustainable settlement and high industrialization around the catchment of the Baltic Sea has left records of anthropogenic heavy metal contamination in Baltic Sea sediments. Here, we show that sediments record post-industrial and anthropogenic loads of Cd, Zn, and Pb over a large spatial scale in the Baltic Sea. We also demonstrate that there is a control on the accumulation of these metals in relation to oxic/anoxic conditions of bottom waters. The total concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Pb were obtained with the near-total digestion method in thirteen cores collected from the Bothnian Bay, the Bothnian Sea, and the west and central Baltic Proper. The lowest average concentrations of Cd, Zn, and Pb were observed in Bothnian Bay (0.4, 125, 40.2 mg kg−1 DW, respectively). In contrast, the highest concentrations were observed in the west Baltic Proper (5.5, 435, and 56.6 mg kg−1 DW, respectively). The results indicate an increasing trend for Cd, Zn, and Pb from the early nineteenth century until the 1970s, followed by a decrease until 2000–2008. However, surface sediments still have concentrations above the pre-industrial values suggested by the Swedish EPA (Cd is 0.2, Zn is 85, and Pb is 31 mg kg−1 DW). The results also show that the pre-industrial Cd, Zn, and Pb concentrations obtained from 3 cores with ages < 1500 B.C. were 1.8, 1.7, and 1.2 times higher, respectively, than the pre-industrial values suggested by the Swedish EPA. To conclude, accumulations of metals in the Baltic Sea are governed by anthropogenic load and the redox conditions of the environment. The significance of correct environmental governance (measures) can be illustrated with the reduction in the pollution of Pb, Zn, and Cd within the Baltic Sea since the 1980s.
Process Control of Drug Product Continuous Manufacturing Operations—a Study in Operational Simplification and Continuous Improvement
Authors: Medendorp Joseph , Shapally Sreedhar , Vrieze Derek , Tolton Kelly 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this manuscript is to demonstrate that implementation of gravimetric measurements provides the same assurance of product quality and process control as spectroscopic measurements (1) for control of drug content in a fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet and (2) for identification of non-conforming material.

Methods
A wet granulation continuous tableting line was used to make the FDC drug product batches. Comparative data was generated for ten batches using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for core tablets, and gravimetric in-process control measurements (IPCs) applied to the ratio control of intra- and extra-granular blend (IG and EG). HPLC reference data were collected to further demonstrate uniformity at each stage of the production process, including IG, final blend, and core tablets. All possible sources of variation not directly detectable by the gravimetric measurements were considered and quantified.

Results
The two IPC measurement techniques showed excellent agreement where both were within 2% of the target drug concentrations and within 2% of each other for the ten comparative batches. The NIR was more sensitive to material and process variations than the gravimetric IPCs; thus, it was more variable within and across batches. Gravimetric IPCs were demonstrated as an effective replacement for spectroscopic measurements for continuous tableting operations, capable of ensuring on target manufacturing and detection of non-conforming material.

Conclusions
As pharmaceutical companies continue to push toward operational simplicity and sustainable manufacturing processes, soft-sensor and gravimetric controls as alternatives to their spectroscopic counterparts will be applied more broadly for process monitoring and control.
Low friction in self-mated silicon carbide tribosystem using nanodiamond as lubricating additive in water
Authors: Wang Xudong , Sato Hirotsuna , Adachi Koshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNanodiamond particles (NDPs) have been considered as a potential lubricant additive to various tribological applications, such as water lubrication systems. In this study, the tribological properties of silicon carbide (SiC) lubricated by NDPs dispersed in water are investigated utilizing the ball-on-disk tribometer. It is found that the slight addition of NDP to water (i.e., 0.001 wt%) can distinctly accelerate the running-in process, which is necessary to achieve a friction coefficient (μ) as low as 0.01. This study also discusses two NDP functional terminations —hydroxyl and carboxyl. It is demonstrated that the use of carboxyl-terminated NDP over a wide range of concentration (0.001 wt%–1 wt%) yields a low friction force. In contrast, the ideal effective concentration of hydroxyl-terminated NDP is considerably limited because agglomeration in this material is more probable to occur than in the former. Meanwhile, when utilizing NDPs, the input friction energy (Pin, defined as the product of sliding speed and applied load) is found to have an essential function. Several sliding tests were implemented at various Pin values (50–1,500 mW) using carboxyl-terminated water-dispersed NDPs. It was observed that the μ and wear decreased with increasing Pin when 200 mW < Pin < 1,500 mW. However, when Pin < 200 mW, low friction with high wear occurs compared with the resulting friction and wear when pure water is used.
Discrete imperialist competitive algorithm for the resource-constrained hybrid flowshop problem with energy consumption
Authors: Tao Xin-rui , Li Jun-qing , Huang Ti-hao , Duan Peng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe resource-constrained hybrid flowshop problem (RCHFS) has been investigated thoroughly in recent years. However, the practical case that considers both resource-constrained and energy consumption still has rare research. To address this issue, a discrete imperialist competitive algorithm (DICA) was proposed to minimize the makespan and energy consumption. In the proposed algorithm, first, each solution was represented by a two-dimensional vector, where one vector represented the scheduling sequence and another one showed the machine assignment. Then, a decoding method considering the resource allocation was designed. Finally, we combined DICA and the simulated annealing algorithm (SA) to improve the performance of the proposed approach. Furthermore, we tested the proposed algorithm based on a randomly generated set of real shop scheduling system instances and compared with the existing heuristic algorithms. The results confirmed that the proposed algorithm can solve the RCHFS with high efficiency.
Development and Application of a Patient Group Engagement Prioritization Tool for Use in Medical Product Development
Authors: Perry Brian , Dombeck Carrie , Smalley Jaye Bea , Levitan Bennett , Leventhal David , Patrick-Lake Bray , Brennan Linda , McKenna Kevin , Hallinan Zachary , Corneli Amy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionPatient group engagement is increasingly used to inform the design, conduct, and dissemination of clinical trials and other medical research activities. However, the priorities of industry sponsors and patient groups differ, and there is currently no framework to help these groups identify mutually beneficial engagement activities.MethodsWe conducted 28 qualitative, semi-structured interviews with representatives from research sponsor organizations (n = 14) and patient groups (n = 14) to determine: (1) how representatives define benefits and investments of patient group engagement in medical product development, and (2) to refine a list of 31 predefined patient group engagement activities.ResultsPatient group and sponsor representatives described similar benefits: engagement activities can enhance the quality and efficiency of clinical trials by improving patient recruitment and retention, reduce costs, and help trials meet expectations of regulators and payers. All representatives indicated that investments include both dedicated staff time and expertise, and financial resources. Factors to consider when evaluating benefits and investments were also identified as were suggestions for clarifying the list of engagement activities.DiscussionUsing these findings, we refined the 31 engagement activities to 24 unique activities across the medical product development lifecycle. We also developed a web-based prioritization tool (https://prioritizationtool.ctti-clinicaltrials.org/) to help clinical research sponsors and patient groups identify high-priority engagement activities. Use of this tool can help sponsors and patient groups identify the engagement activities that they believe will provide the most benefit for the least investment and may lead to more meaningful and mutually beneficial partnerships in medical product development.
Dark Ages woodland recovery and the expansion of beech: a study of land use changes and related woodland dynamics during the Roman to Medieval transition period in northern Belgium
Authors: Deforce Koen , Bastiaens Jan , Crombé Philippe , Deschepper Ewoud , Haneca Kristof , Laloo Pieter , Van Calster Hans , Verbrugghe Gerben , De Clercq Wim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe results from analyses of botanical remains (pollen, wood, charcoal, seeds) from several archaeological features excavated in Kluizen (northern Belgium) are presented. The region was largely uninhabited until the Iron Age and Roman period when a rural settlement was established, resulting in small-scale woodland clearance. The site was subsequently abandoned fromc.AD 270 till the High Middle Ages. The results of the archaeological and archaeobotanical analyses provide information on changes in land use and resulting dynamics of woodland cover and composition betweenc.600 BC and AD 1200, with a spatial and temporal resolution unrivalled in northern Belgium. Especially the long period of woodland regeneration following abandonment of the site around AD 270, covering the Late Roman and Early Medieval period, could be reconstructed in detail. Abandoned fields were first covered with pioneer woodland (Salix,CorylusandBetula), thenQuercus-dominated secondary forest and finally a late-successional forest withFagus sylvatica,Carpinus betulusandIlex aquifolium, an evolution that took over 300 years. The results also indicate that the observed increase ofFagusduring the Early Middle Ages, which was never an important element in the woodland vegetation in northern Belgium before, was related to climatic changes rather than anthropogenic factors.
Yikes! Are we disgusted by politicians?
Authors: Bakker Bert N. , Schumacher Gijs , Homan Maaike D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the political domain, disgust is primarily portrayed as an emotion that explains individual differences in pathogen avoidance. We hypothesized that political rhetoric accusing opponents of moral transgressions also elicits disgust responses. In this registered report, we present the results from a laboratory experiment. We find that participants self-report higher disgust and have stronger physiological (Levator labii) responses to pictures of out-party leaders compared with in-party leaders. Participants also report higher disgust in response to moral violations of in-party leaders. There is more suggestive evidence that in-party leaders evoke more labii activity when they commit moral violations than when out-party leaders do. The impact of individual differences in moral disgust and partisanship strength is very limited to absent. Intriguingly, on average, the physiological and self-reported disgust responses to the treatment are similar, but individuals differ in whether their response is physiological or cognitive. This motivates further theorizing regarding the concordance of emotional responses.
The Adjudication of Slave Ship Captures, Coercive Intervention, and Value Exchange in Comparative Atlantic Perspective, ca. 1839–1870
Authors: Richards Jake Subryan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat were the consequences of creating jurisdictions against the transatlantic slave trade in the nineteenth-century Atlantic world? Answering this question requires a comparative focus on the courts of mixed commission that adjudicated naval captures of slave ships, located at Sierra Leone (the foremost site of British abolition) and Brazil (the primary mid-century target). Court jurisdiction conflicted with sovereign jurisdiction regarding the presence of recaptives (“liberated Africans”), the risk of re-enslavement, and unlawful naval captures. To rescue the re-enslaved and compensate the loss of property, regulating anti-slave-trade jurisdiction involved coercive strategies alternating with negotiated value exchanges. Abolition as a legal field emerged from interactions between liberated Africans, British diplomatic and naval agents, and local political elites in Brazil and on the Upper Guinea Coast.
Geochemical and metamorphic record of the amphibolites from the Tuting–Tidding Suture Zone ophiolites, Eastern Himalaya, India: implications for the presence of a dismembered metamorphic sole
Authors: Dutt Amrita , Singh A Krishnakanta , Srivastava Rajesh K , Oinam Govind , Bikramaditya RK 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Tuting–Tidding Suture Zone (TTSZ), exposed along Dibang and Lohit river valleys in Arunachal Himalaya, NE India, is the easternmost continuation of the Indus–Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ) and consists of ophiolites associated with metabasics and carbonates. Amphibolites, existing at the base of the ophiolite complex, were studied using whole-rock, mineral chemical analyses and pressure–temperature (P-T) pseudosection modelling to understand their metamorphic and petrogenetic history, and interpret the tectonic environment of their formation. They exhibit two-stage deformation, where D1 is depicted by polymineralic inclusion trails in former melt pools and the main foliation represents D2. Sub-alkaline tholeiitic character, high-field-strength element (HFSE) ratios and mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) -like rare earth element (REE) patterns with negative Eu anomaly indicate that the protolith of these amphibolites originated in a spreading regime by extensive partial melting of a depleted mantle source at shallow depth. Petrography, mineral chemistry and P-T modelling indicate a three-stage metamorphic history for them. M1 is the prograde (c. 2.1 GPa, c. 450°C) defined by garnet centre compositions corresponding to the D1 event. The existence of former melts in the samples demarcates the M2 stage (1.4–1.8 GPa, c. 600°C). The rocks later underwent retrogression (M3: 0.8–1.0 GPa, 480–520°C), which corresponds to the D2 event. These observations suggest that the protolith of the TTSZ amphibolites originated in a mid-oceanic ridge setting, which accreted below a subduction zone where it underwent M1 metamorphism followed by M2 metamorphism, corresponding to partial melting of the rocks. Finally, the M3 event occurred during the obduction phase of the ophiolite complex, where the amphibolites were obducted as the metamorphic sole of the TTSZ ophiolites.
Lili Wu Chinese
Authors: Shi Menghui , Chen Yiya 
Published: September 2020

Lili Wu Chinese () is a Wu dialect (; ISO 639-3; code: wuu) spoken by approximately 38,000 people who reside in the town of Lili (), one of the ten major towns in the Wujiang district (). The Wujiang district belongs to the prefectural-level municipality of Suzhou city () in Jiangsu province (), the People’s Republic of China. It is located at the juncture area of the city of Shanghai (), the city of Suzhou, and the city of Jiaxing (), as shown in Figure 1.
Early outcomes of usage of cryoFORM® probe for cryomaze procedure in congenital heart surgery
Authors: Altin Firat H. , Balli Sevket , Cicek Murat , Yurdakok Okan , Korun Oktay , Sasmazel Ahmet , Aydemir Numan A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to evaluate the early outcomes of patients who underwent a concomitant therapeutic maze procedure for congenital heart surgery.Materials and Methods:Between 2019 and 2020, eight patients underwent surgical cryoablation by using the same type of cryoablation probe.Results:Three patients had atrial flutter, two had Wolf–Parkinson–White syndrome, two intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia, and one had atrial fibrillation. Four patients underwent electrophysiological study. Preoperatively, one patient was on 3, two were on 2, five were on 1 antiarrhythmic drug. Six patients underwent right atrial maze and two underwent bilateral atrial maze. Five out of six right atrial maze patients underwent right atrial reduction. Nine different lesion sets were used. Some of the lesions were combined and applied as one lesion. In Ebstein’s anomaly patients, the lesion from coronary sinus to displaced tricuspid annulus was delicately performed. The single ventricle patient with heterotaxy had junctional rhythm at the time of discharge and was the only patient who experienced atrial extrasystoles 2 months after discharge. Seven of the eight patients were on sinus rhythm. No patient needed permanent pacemaker placement.Conclusion:Cryomaze procedure can be applied in congenital heart diseases with acceptable arrhythmia-free rates by selecting the appropriate materials and suitable lesion sets. The application of cryomaze in heterotaxy patients can be challenging due to differences in the conduction system and complex anatomy. Consensus with the electrophysiology team about the choice of the right–left or biatrial maze procedure is mandatory for operational success.
A multi-slotted antenna for LTE/5G Sub-6 GHz wireless communication applications
Authors: Azim Rezaul , Meaze AKM Moinul H. , Affandi Adnan , Alam Md Mottahir , Aktar Rumi , Mia Md S. , Alam Touhidul , Samsuzzaman Md , Islam Mohammad T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a low-profile multi-slotted patch antenna for long term evolution (LTE) and fifth-generation (5G) communication applications. The studied antenna comprised of a stepped patch and a ground plane. To attain the required operating band, three slots have been inserted within the patch. The insertion of the slots enhances the capacitive effect and helps the prototype antenna to achieve an operating band ranging from 3.15 to 5.55 GHz (S11 ≤−10 dB), covering the N77/N78/N79 for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless communications and LTE bands of 22/42/43/46. The wideband antenna presented in this paper offers omnidirectional stable radiation patterns, good gains, and efficiency with a compact size which make this design an ideal contender for wireless fidelity (WiFi), wireless local area network (WLAN), LTE, and sub-6 GHz 5G communication applications.
Dust Aerosol Retrieval Over the Oceans With the MODIS/VIIRS Dark‐Target Algorithm: 1. Dust Detection
Authors: Zhou Yaping , Levy Robert C. , Remer Lorraine A. , Mattoo Shana , Shi Yingxi , Wang Chenxi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo prepare for implementation of a new aerosol retrieval specifically designed for dust aerosol over ocean in the operational Dark‐Target (DT) algorithms for the Moderate‐resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite sensors, we focus on the challenge of detecting dust. We first survey the literature on existing dust detection algorithms and then develop an innovative algorithm that combines near‐UV (deep blue), visible, and thermal infrared (TIR) wavelength spectral tests. The new detection algorithm is applied to Terra and Aqua MODIS granules and compared with other dust detection possibilities from existing MODIS products. Quantitative evaluation of the new dust detection algorithm is conducted using both a collocated AERONET‐MODIS data set and collocated Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)‐MODIS data set. From comparison with both AERONET and CALIOP measurements, we estimate the new dust detection algorithm detects about 30% of weakly dusty pixels and more than 80% of heavily dusty pixels, with false detections in the range of 1–2%. The very low false detection rate is particularly noteworthy in comparison with existing literature. Compared with the dust flag currently available as part of the MODIS cloud mask product (MOD35/MYD35), and dust classification based on commonly used thresholds with aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE), the new dust detection algorithm finds more dusty pixels and fewer false detections.
Vertical Land Motion From Present‐Day Deglaciation in the Wider Arctic
Authors: Ludwigsen Carsten Ankjær , Khan Shfaqat Abbas , Andersen Ole Baltazar , Marzeion Ben 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVertical land motion (VLM) from past and ongoing glacial changes can amplify or mitigate ongoing relative sea level change. We present a high‐resolution VLM model for the wider Arctic, that includes both present‐day ice loading (PDIL) and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). The study shows that the nonlinear elastic uplift from PDIL is significant (0.5–1 mm yr−1) in most of the wider Arctic and exceeds GIA at 15 of 54 Arctic GNSS sites, including sites in nonglaciated areas of the North Sea region and the east coast of North America. Thereby the sea level change from PDIL (1.85 mm yr−1) is significantly mitigated from VLM caused by PDIL. The combined VLM model was consistent with measured VLM at 85% of the GNSS sites (
) and outperformed a GIA‐only model (
). Deviations from GNSS‐measured VLM can be attributed to local circumstances causing VLM.
A Fresh Look at Variography: Measuring Dependence and Possible Sensitivities Across Geophysical Systems From Any Given Data
Authors: Sheikholeslami Razi , Razavi Saman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSensitivity analysis in Earth and environmental systems modeling typically demands an onerous computational cost. This issue coexists with the reliance of these algorithms on ad hoc designs of experiments, which hampers making the most out of the existing data sets. We tackle this problem by introducing a method for sensitivity analysis, based on the theory of variogram analysis of response surfaces (VARS), that works on any sample of input‐output data or pre‐computed model evaluations. Called data‐driven VARS (D‐VARS), this method characterizes the relationship strength between inputs and outputs by investigating their covariograms. We also propose a method to assess “robustness” of the results against sampling variability and numerical methods' imperfectness. Using two hydrologic modeling case studies, we show that D‐VARS is highly efficient and statistically robust, even when the sample size is small. Therefore, D‐VARS can provide unique opportunities to investigate geophysical systems whose models are computationally expensive or available data is scarce.