bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When enough is enough: Investigating the antecedents and consequences of information security fatigue
Authors: Cram W. Alec , Proudfoot Jeffrey G. , D'Arcy John 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite concerns raised by practitioners, the potential downside of the information security demands imposed by organizations on their employees has received limited scholarly attention. Our research focuses on information security fatigue (hereafter security fatigue), which is defined as a socio‐emotional state experienced by an individual who is tired of and disillusioned with security policies and their associated guidelines and procedures. This research delves into the security fatigue concept, investigates its antecedents and reports how fatigue affects employee security policy compliance (and non‐compliance). Since security fatigue is not well articulated in the literature and there is limited understanding of its antecedents and consequences, we take a research approach that affords novel insight into this phenomenon. Specifically, we conduct 38 in‐depth interviews with business and IT professionals, and then use a qualitative approach to construct a model, including seven research propositions, to highlight the key aspects of security fatigue. Our results indicate that four distinct antecedents contribute to security fatigue, which result in three unique consequences. We discuss security fatigue in relation to past theoretical views and related concepts within the security policy compliance literature and identify directions for future research.
An investigation of original equipment manufacturer's optimal remanufacturing mode and engagement strategy
Authors: Zhou Qin , Yuen Kum Fai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study considers an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) who (a) relies on a contract manufacturer (CM) to produce its new products, and (b) engages the CM again or an independent remanufacturer (IR) to perform the remanufacturing operations of branded patented products through either authorization or outsourcing. This study chiefly investigates the optimal remanufacturing engagement strategy (i.e., engage a CM or an IR) and remanufacturing mode (i.e., authorization and outsourcing) that should be taken by an OEM. This paper derives the optimal responses of the three parties (i.e., OEM, CM, and IR) by comparing the outcomes of different remanufacturing engagement strategies and remanufacturing modes under two settings, depending on whether the wholesale price is exogenously or endogenously given. The results suggest that the OEM is better off adopting the authorization remanufacturing mode by either working with the CM or the IR when the wholesale price is exogenously given. When the wholesale price is endogenously determined by the CM, the best strategy for the OEM is to work with the IR using the outsourcing approach. The CM and the IR also show different preferences between the two modes. The IR or CM that engages in remanufacturing always prefers the outsourcing mode than the authorization mode in the two settings. However, when the CM does not engage in remanufacturing, it is better off adopting the authorization mode when the wholesale price is exogenously given or when the remanufacturing cost is relatively low in the endogenized wholesale price setting.
Linagliptin prevents left ventricular stiffening by reducing titin cleavage and hypophosphorylation
Authors: Cuijpers Ilona , Papageorgiou Anna‐Pia , Carai Paolo , Herwig Melissa , Mügge Andreas , Klein Thomas , Hamdani Nazha , Jones Elizabeth A. V. , Heymans Stephane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an escalating problem worldwide, causing left ventricular stiffening, an early characteristic of diastolic dysfunction for which no treatment exists. As diastolic dysfunction and stiffening in MetS patients are associated with increased circulating dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) levels, we investigated whether the clinically approved DPP‐4 inhibitor linagliptin reduces left ventricular stiffness in MetS‐induced cardiac disease. Sixteen‐week‐old obese ZSF1 rats, displaying the MetS and left ventricular stiffness, received linagliptin‐supplemented or placebo diet for four weeks. Linagliptin significantly reduced obesity, hyperlipidaemia, and hyperglycaemia and improved left ventricular relaxation. This improved relaxation was related to decreased cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte passive stiffness (Fpassive). The reduced Fpassive was the result of titin isoform switching from the stiff N2B to the more flexible N2BA and increased phosphorylation of total titin and specifically its N2Bus region (S4080 and S3391). Importantly, DPP‐4 directly cleaved titin in vitro, resulting in an increased Fpassive, which was prevented by simultaneous administration of linagliptin. In conclusion, linagliptin improves left ventricular stiffness in obese ZSF1 rats by preventing direct DPP4‐mediated titin cleavage, as well as by modulating both titin isoform levels and phosphorylation. Reducing left ventricular stiffness by administering linagliptin might prevent MetS‐induced early diastolic dysfunction in human.
Drying of mangoes (Mangifera indica L. cv. Palmer) at changeable temperature conditions—Effects on energy consumption and quality of the dehydrated fruit
Authors: Amado Laís Ravazzi , Silva Keila de Souza , Mauro Maria Aparecida 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of heat input change on the drying kinetics, energy consumption, the color, and carotenoid retention during the drying of mangoes. The drying conditions in the first stage were 95°C for 40 min and 80°C for 40 min, so that the surface temperatures of the fruit at the end of this stage were around 60°C. The temperatures of the second stage and corresponding continuous drying (control) were 70 and 60°C. As a result, the thermal intermittence influenced the drying kinetics, causing significant reductions in the overall process time and providing energy savings when compared to continuous drying. The color parameters did not show relevant changes as result of the intermittent drying while good carotenoid retention was obtained in intermittent conditions, when the second stage was 60°C. Therefore, the carotenes were more sensitive to a temperature of 70°C, which highlights the importance of limiting the temperature of the mango to 60°C during the two drying stages to better preserve the quality of the dehydrated fruit. Moreover, the high air temperatures used in the first stage were advantageous for reducing the overall process time and providing energy saving.Practical ApplicationsDrying is an operation well known for the food industry. However, in so many cases, dryers are not designed with energy consumption in mind. Moreover, simple procedures can bring savings in convective drying, as shown in the present study, where the application of two‐stages in the convective drying of mangoes was advantageous to reduce the overall drying time and provide energy savings in relation to continuous drying. Besides that, good carotenoid retention was obtained using low temperature (60°C) at the second stage. The results can be useful for design of dryers and drying process, considering different temperatures. Intermittent drying of high moisture foods by varying the drying air temperature can be applied both on an industrial scale, in continuous belt dryers or in tunnel dryers, and on a small scale, using two or more dryers with different temperatures.
Persistent Functional Decline Following Hospitalization with Influenza or Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Andrew Melissa K. , MacDonald Sarah , Godin Judith , McElhaney Janet E. , LeBlanc Jason , Hatchette Todd F. , Bowie William , Katz Kevin , McGeer Allison , Semret Makeda , McNeil Shelly A. 
Published: December 2020

Background/objectivesInfluenza is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly for older adults. Persistent functional decline following hospitalization has important impacts on older adults' wellbeing and independence, but has been under‐studied in relation to influenza. We aimed to investigate persistent functional change in older adults admitted to hospital with influenza and other acute respiratory illness (ARI).DesignProtective observational cohort study.SettingCanadian Immunization Research Network Serious Outcomes Surveillance Network 2011 to 2012 influenza season.ParticipantsA total of 925 patients aged 65 and older admitted to hospital with influenza and other ARI.MeasurementsInfluenza was laboratory‐confirmed. Frailty was measured using a Frailty index (FI). Functional status was measured using the Barthel index (BI); moderate persistent functional decline was defined as a clinically meaningful loss of ≥10 to <20 points on the 100‐point BI. Catastrophic disability (CD) was defined as a loss of ≥20 points, equivalent to full loss of independence in two basic activities of daily living.ResultsFive hundred and nineteen (56.1%) were women; mean age was 79.4 (standard deviation=8.4) years. Three hundred and forty‐six (37.4%) had laboratory‐confirmed influenza. Influenza cases had lower baseline function (BI = 77.0 vs 86.9, P < .001) and higher frailty (FI = 0.23 vs 0.20, P < .001) than those with other ARI. A total of 8.4% died, 8.2% experienced persistent moderate functional decline, and 9.9% experienced CD. Higher baseline frailty was associated with increased odds of experiencing functional decline, CD, and death. The experience of functional decline and CD, and its association with frailty, was the same for influenza and other ARI.ConclusionFunctional loss in hospital is common among older adults; for some this functional loss is persistent and catastrophic. This highlights the importance of prevention and optimal management of acute declines in health, including influenza, to avoid hospitalization. In the case of influenza, for which vaccines exist, this raises the potential of vaccine preventable disability.
Sensitivity of remote focusing microscopes to magnification mismatch
Authors: Mohanan Sharika , Corbett Alexander David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRemote focusing (RF) is a technique that greatly extends the aberration‐free axial scan range of an optical microscope. To maximise the diffraction limited depth range in an RF system, the magnification of the relay lenses should be such that the pupil planes of the objectives are accurately mapped on to each other. In this paper we study the tolerance of the RF system to magnification mismatch and quantify the amount of residual spherical aberration present at different focusing depths. We observe that small deviations from ideal magnification results in increased amounts of residual spherical aberration terms leading to a reduction in the diffracted limited range. For high‐numerical aperture objectives, the simulation predicts a 50% decrease in the diffracted limited range for 1% magnification mismatch. The simulation has been verified against an experimental RF system with ideal and nonideal magnifications. Experimentally confirmed predictions also provide a valuable empirical method of determining when a system is close to the ideal phase matching condition, based on the sign of the spherical aberration on either side of focus.
Clinical nurse specialist role implementation structures, processes and outcomes: Participatory action research
Authors: Jokiniemi Krista , Korhonen Kristiina , Kärkkäinen Anne , Pekkarinen Tuomo , Pietilä Anna‐Maija 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo develop, implement and evaluate the clinical nurse specialist's role within a specialist medical healthcare hospital. A secondary aim was to assess the feasibility of the ‘Clinical Nurse Specialist Conceptualisation, Implementation, and Evaluation framework’ in the role implementation.BackgroundImplementation of advanced practice nursing roles is an increasing practice around the globe; however, the implementation of these roles is multidimensional, complex process. Clear implementation strategies are needed.DesignParticipatory action research was conducted in Finland between 2017–2018.MethodsThe researchers adopted an outsider approach to work with staff, considered as co‐researchers, within two participating units. A combination of several methods, such as focus group interviews, action‐learning groups and researcher reflective field journal, was used to gather data. The ‘Clinical Nurse Specialist Conceptualisation, Implementation, and Evaluation framework’ was used to structure the processes undertaken, and the Donabedian structure, process and outcome model was used to structure and analyse the results. The study was reported using the EQUATOR guideline for participatory action research.ResultsThe results demonstrated the complexity of the role implementation process. Four implementation themes of need analysis, role design, role implementation and role evaluation were examined and described through their structures, processes and outcomes. The ‘Clinical Nurse Specialist Conceptualisation, Implementation and Evaluation framework’ was validated for its appropriateness guiding the role implementation process.ConclusionsRole implementation is a complex process which structured, practical guidelines may facilitate. The examined framework may facilitate the role implementation process conducted within organisations.Relevance to clinical practiceThis research provides complimentary information for individuals and organisations aiming to develop a clinical nurse specialist or other advanced practice nursing roles. Furthermore, we describe a participatory action research process, which offers the means for self‐reflection and planning of purposeful actions to improve the conditions of clinical practice.
MODELING THE NEXUS BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGY: THE AFRICAN PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Tiba Sofien , Belaid Fateh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotivated by the gained momentum of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) under the umbrella of the United Nations organization, in the light of the SDG‐7, which stipulates the access to affordable, sustainable, and modern energy, this paper explores the dynamic relationship between renewable energy and the pillars of sustainable development. Its insights are driven using a simultaneous equation model based on a panel of 25 African economies covering the period 1990–2014. The results show that renewable energy is important for sustainable development and that higher levels of renewable energy can increase sustainability. The findings also confirm the positive influence of renewable energy on the economic, environmental, social, and institutional dimensions. These positive effects stem from investment in clean energy in the whole of Africa, combined with structural changes promoting the use of clean energy and the achievement of the millennium development goals. The findings should be useful for policymakers in Africa. Aggressive renewable energy policies will be crucial for achieving energy‐policy goals and the “multiple benefits” of renewable energy, such as reducing climate change and air pollution, improving energy security, and increasing access to energy.
Multiple endometrial polyps is associated with higher risk of chronic endometritis in reproductive‐aged women
Authors: Guo Luyan , Gu Fang , Tan Jinfeng , Luo Lu , Gao Jun , Zhou Canquan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo determine whether single endometrial polyp (EP) or multiple EP (polyp number ≥ 6) are associated with chronic endometritis (CE).MethodsFrom June 2017 to December 2018, this study enrolled a total of 277 patients, including 92 patients with multiple EP, 82 patients with a single EP and 103 patients without polyps who underwent hysteroscopic examination and polypectomy. Polyps and endometrium samples were obtained and subjected to immunohistochemistry for CD138 to identify plasma cells and CE was diagnosed as CD138‐positive plasma cells greater than or equal to 5/high power field. The prevalence of CE was compared and analyzed using the logistic regression model.ResultsAll baseline parameters were comparable among the three groups except that the prevalence of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) was much higher in both polyp groups than the non‐polyp control. The prevalence of CE was significantly higher in the multiple EP group than in the single EP group (58.7% vs 28.0%, P < 0.001). There was no difference on the prevalence of CE between the single EP and the non‐polyp groups (28.0% vs 29.1%, P = 0.872). Multivariable analysis revealed that AUB (adjusted OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.35–5.87) and multiple EP (adjusted OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.38–4.82) were independently associated with CE, while the single EP did not increase the odds of CE compared to the non‐polyp group (adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.38–1.45).ConclusionMultiple EP were positively associated with CE among reproductive‐aged women, suggesting a possible hidden etiopathogenetic link between chronic inflammation and multiple EP.
Trusting in God and His Earthly Masks: Exploring the Lutheran Roots of Scandinavian High‐Trust Culture
Authors: Mathiasen Stopa Sasja Emilie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the high level of trust among Scandinavians in general and Danes in particular has attracted considerable international interest. The article unearths the rooting of Danish trust culture in Lutheran soil arguing for the influence of Lutheran theology and social teaching on Danish society from the Reformation onwards as a key to understanding its historical background. It identifies central social imaginaries of trust in Luther's work and trace their impact on eighteenth‐ and nineteenth‐century Danish Lutheran confessional culture by analyzing texts written by the influential theologians Erik Pontoppidan (1698–1764) and Niels Frederik Severin Grundtvig (1783–1872).
Process of infection and colonization of Pseudocercospora kaki in persimmon leaves
Authors: Alves Renan Fernandes , Marques João Paulo Rodrigues , Appezzato‐da‐Glória Beatriz , Spósito Marcel Bellato 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCercosporiosis, caused by Pseudocercospora kaki, is the major foliar disease in persimmon crops. Despite the importance of the disease, we have little information about the interaction of this pathogen with persimmon leaf tissues. Therefore, to elucidate the infection and colonization process in these pathosystem, we investigated this interaction using light and scanning electron microscopy. Forty‐eight hours after inoculation, the germ tubes produced from conidia and entered the leaf tissue only through the stomata. The lesions formed were limited to the areolas of leaf venation. The accumulation of phenolic and lipophilic compounds, and parietal thickening by increased pectin content in the cells of the bundle sheath, restricted the advance of the fungus. During the colonization process, hyphae produced vesicles in the intercellular spaces of the mesophyll. These vesicles in contact with the cell wall of the chlorophyll parenchyma caused parietal changes. Pathogen sporulation occurred only on the adaxial surface of the leaves and produced sporodochium exposed on the outer leaf surface. This study showed how P. kaki penetrates in the persimmon leaves, and the process of colonization, with epidermal alterations and the lysis and collapse of mesophyll cells in the lesioned area, and finally, the formation of reproduction structures of the pathogen.
Religion and Refugee Well‐Being: The Importance of Inclusive Community
Authors: Wu Stephen , Ellingson Stephen , Hagstrom Paul , Kucinskas Jaime 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe use a large sample of refugees in Utica, New York to investigate how religiosity and the ability to practice religion are related to happiness in one's community. We analyze religious and secular facets of the community in which they live, such as perceived ability to practice their religion, sense of safety, and experiences of discrimination. Contrary to the literature on broader populations, we find that religiosity is unrelated to refugees’ happiness in their community, but their perceived ability to practice is strongly related to this measure of well‐being. Ability to practice religion remains strongly related to happiness in the community even for refugees who are not religious and for ones who do not regularly attend services. These findings point to the need for more studies to include measures not only of individual religiosity, but facets of religion in people's larger communities, especially for vulnerable populations like refugees.
Preliminary bioequivalence of an oral integrating film formulation containing meloxicam with a suspension formulation in beagle dogs
Authors: Park Jong‐Shik , Kim Sungmin , Lee Jaeyeon , Choi Jae‐Cheol , Kim YoungAh , Park Chun‐Woong , Lee Soohan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe oral disintegrating film (ODF) has advantages over suspension and tablet. These include convenience of administration, patient compliance, and accurate dosing. We evaluated the bioequivalence between the ODF and the meloxicam suspension by using a crossover design with a 3‐week washout period. Six healthy male beagle dogs were randomized to receive both formulations of meloxicam, 2 mg. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were measured at the same times. From the start until maximum concentration, the initial absorption of the ODF meloxicam formulation was more rapid (2.08 ± 1.56 hr) as compared to the suspension (3.33 ± 1.03 hr). Mean elimination half‐lives were 28.77 ± 4.01 and 32.85 ± 9.79 hr for the ODF and the suspension, respectively. Bioequivalence of the ODF was confirmed, based on the relative ratios of geometric mean concentrations (and 90% confidence intervals within the range of 80%–125%) for a maximum concentration of 101.05% (88.59–115.25), for the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to the last sampling time of 96.07% (87.06–115.25), and for AUC to infinity of 92.65% (86.76–98.94). The meloxicam ODF may be used as an alternative to suspension formulations in the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases and painful musculoskeletal disorders.
Contrasting fungal responses to wildfire across different ecosystem types
Authors: Smith Gabriel Reuben , Edy Lucy C. , Peay Kabir G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWildfire affects our planet's biogeochemistry both by burning biomass and by driving changes in ecological communities and landcover. Some plants and ecosystem types are threatened by increasing fire pressure while others respond positively to fire, growing in local and regional abundance when it occurs regularly. However, quantifying total ecosystem response to fire demands consideration of impacts not only on aboveground vegetation, but also on soil microbes like fungi, which influence decomposition and nutrient mineralization. If fire‐resistant soil fungal communities co‐occur with similarly adapted plants, these above‐ and belowground ecosystem components should shift and recover in relative synchrony after burning. If not, fire might decouple ecosystem processes governed by these different communities, affecting total functioning. Here, we use a natural experiment to test whether fire‐dependent ecosystems host unique, fire‐resistant fungal communities. We surveyed burned and unburned areas across two California ecosystem types with differing fire ecologies in the immediate aftermath of a wildfire, finding that the soil fungal communities of fire‐dependent oak woodlands differ from those of neighbouring mixed evergreen forests. We discovered furthermore that the latter are more strongly altered compositionally by fire than the former, suggesting that differences in fungal community structure support divergent community responses to fire across ecosystems. Our results thus indicate that fire‐dependent ecosystems may host fire‐resistant fungal communities.