bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate‐linked freshwater habitat change will have cost implications: Pest blackfly outbreaks in two linked South African rivers
Authors: Rivers‐Moore Nicholas A. , de Moor Ferdy C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCalls for implementation of environmental flows have been growing over the past 20 years, and their implementation is now being recognized. The need for such assessments to occur in conjunction with maintenance of environmental water temperatures has also been emphasized. When the costs of departures from natural thermal regimes are considered, this moves from being an academic exercise to a tangible management imperative. Pest outbreaks of aquatic macroinvertebrates typically occur when environmental conditions disproportionately and overwhelmingly favor a particular species. This has been the case for at least three major river systems of economic importance in South Africa, namely, the Orange River and its major tributary (Vaal River) as well as the Great Fish River. In these rivers, two species of pest blackfly, Simulium chutteri and S. damnosum (Diptera: Simuliidae), have become problematic following on from changes in natural flows through either impoundment or interbasin transfers. In this study, a statistically robust reference thermal condition was defined and exceedances assessed (based on a 2°C increase in water temperatures). The implications of these assessments were then applied to future possible pest blackfly outbreaks, factoring in changes in flows in response to global climate change. Results show that the current seasonal variation in the likelihood of pest outbreaks is replaced by high perpetual outbreak probabilities. Interactions between major environmental variables become synergistic, with major cost implications to regional economies. Lessons from this study can be generalized and used as a means of predicting similar synergistic effects in other aquatic macroinvertebrate disease vectors (such as bilharzia vector snails and mosquitoes) in response to global climate change.
Study of Spin Crossover Property of a Series of X‐OMe‐SalEen (X=6, 5 and 4) Based Fe(III) Complexes
Authors: Dey Bijoy , Gupta Arindam , Kapurwan Sandhya , Konar Sanjit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThree complexes bearing the molecular formula [Fe(X‐OMe‐SalEen)2]NCY⋅nH2O; X=6, Y=S, n=0 (1); X=5, Y=S, n=1.5 H2O (2) and X=4, Y=Se, n=0 (3), where 6‐OMe‐SalEen=2‐((E)‐(2‐(ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)‐6‐methoxyphenol, 5‐OMe‐SalEen=2‐((E)‐(2‐(ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)‐5‐methoxyphenol, and 4‐OMe‐SalEen=2‐((E)‐(2‐(ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)‐4‐methoxyphenol, have been synthesized, characterized and their spin crossover behavior has been studied. The ligands differ in the position of the methoxy group (ortho, meta, and para) of the phenoxide ring directly bonded to the Fe center. Complex 1 and 3 comprise FeIII centers, whereas rare crystallographically independent high‐spin and low‐spin FeIII centers are present in complex 2. Complex 1 shows a sharp and hysteric spin crossover behavior with a hysteresis loop having 4 K width. Complex 2 shows spin crossover for the FeIIILS in solvated form which after desolvation becomes stable at the high spin. Complex 3 shows abrupt and incomplete spin crossover above room temperature. Magneto‐structural correlation and UV‐Vis spectroscopy have been done to study spin‐crossover behavior and the spin transition temperature of the complexes.
Pyrrole‐Based Schiff‐Base Sensor for Copper Ions
Authors: Sidana Nancy , Kaur Manpreet , Kaur Harminder , Devi Pooja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new, simple, and reversible Schiff base, (E)‐N′‐((1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl) methylene) isonicotinohydrazide (L), has been designed, synthesized, and characterized for its optical and elemental properties. The synthesized sensor, L is then successfully investigated for selective and sensitive detection of Cu+2 ions by the colorimetric and spectroscopic method in an aqueous organic solvent. The sensor L showed high selectivity toward Cu+2 ions over other possible interfering ions (Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2,Co+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, Pb+2, Cr+3, Ag+, Al+3 and Mn+2) and in a wide pH range. The detection limit reaches up to 17.6 μM, which is lower than the WHO recommended guidelines for drinking water, while the limit of quantification was found to be 58 μM. The binding mode of complexation between Cu+2 and L was found to be 1 : 1 using Job's plot. For practical usage, the designed sensor (L) is transferred onto paper strips and demonstrated for real sample analysis through naked eye color change.
Approach to the Core Structure of Schweinfurthin B
Authors: Roos Dominika , Maier Martin E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated approaches to the xanthene part of schweinfurthin B. Starting from an exo‐methylene cyclohexanone, an organocuprate addition led to a cyclohexanone featuring a functionalized benzyl substituent in the 2‐position. Ring‐closing reactions to the tetrahydroxanthene core (formation of the central ring) were possible in moderate yield by attack of a phenolic oxygen function on the keto group. More effective was the cyclization to the xanthene core structure after conversion of the cyclohexanone to the exo‐methylene cyclohexane derivative and Lewis acid mediated addition of the phenolic OH to the double bond. In addition, we tried to form the xanthene ring system in a model study by cycloaddition reaction of a silyl enol ether with an ortho‐quinone methide.
Heterogeneous Photo‐Fenton Catalytic Oxidation of Ciprofloxacin Using LaFeO3/Diatomite Composite Photocatalysts under Visible Light
Authors: Liu Ying , Wu Min , Ren Lili , Wang Chuanchuan , Li Zhihao , Ling Liwei , Guo Yuting 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLaFeO3/Diatomite porous disk composites have been successfully prepared by sol‐gel method for the photocatalytic oxidative degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) compounds. The structure of the porous disc plays an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity by increasing the contact area between the photocatalyst and CIP to enhance CIP molecule adsorption. Meanwhile, the porous disk composite photocatalysts can effectively prevent the recombination of light‐induced electron‐hole pairs. A photo‐Fenton‐like reaction is triggered by addition of H2O2, which further remarkably improves the photocatalytic activity of LaFeO3/Diatomite. Then, the factors like catalyst concentration, H2O2 dosage, initial pH and CIP concentration of the solution responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the reaction system are investigated. The optimal degradation rate of ciprofloxacin by the LaFeO3/Diatomite catalyst is 99.02 % after visible light irradiation for 150 min, which is 1.22 times of the pure LaFeO3. The catalysts have a much high stability which can be recycled for many times and the degradation rate of four cycles is still about 98 %. The excellent performance and high photocatalytic efficiency of the LaFeO3/Diatomite photocatalyst make it have potential application foreground in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.
Dual‐grained representation for hand, foot, and mouth disease prediction within public health cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Wang Zhijin , Huang Yaohui , He Bingyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe prediction model is a major component within public health cyber‐physical systems, which supports decisions on prevention and control of diseases. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is one of the most common global infectious diseases with the highest incidence rate. Previous HFMD prediction models are mainly based on the time series that counted in equal‐grained time intervals. However, there are details in the time series counted in fine‐grained time intervals. To benefit from both equal‐grained and fine‐grained data, we proposed a dual‐grained representation (DGR) model. The DGR first represents inputted data to temporal patterns. Then, the represented patterns are consolidated to generate predictions. Experimental comparisons of the short‐term prediction performance are figured out by using real outpatient collections in Xiamen, China.
Predicting lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster: A novel application of convolutional neural networks and zero‐inflated autoregressive conditional Poisson model
Authors: Zhang Yi , Samaranayake V.A. , Olbricht Gayla R. , Thimgan Matthew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA model to classify the lifespan of Drosophila, the fruit fly, into short‐ and long‐lived categories based on a sleep characteristic, extracted from activity data, is developed using a two‐stage process. Stage 1 models the per‐minute activity counts of each fly using a zero‐inflated autoregressive conditional Poisson model. These probabilities are allowed to vary hourly, reflecting the circadian and other cycles present in a fly's sleep architecture. A 5‐day moving window is used to model data allowing the model parameters to vary over the course of the fly's life. The resulting probabilities capture information about changes in sleep patterns with age and are hypothesized to contain features that help categorize flies into short‐ and long‐lived groups. The resulting hourly zero‐inflation probabilities over a 24‐day period are utilized to create a ‘heat map’ containing information on the 24‐hour daily sleep cycle and its changes across the 24‐day observation period. In Stage 2, the heat maps for individual flies are used as inputs to a convolutional neural network to build a classification model. The estimated model provides a reasonably accurate way to group flies into lifespan categories. Grouping flies into such categories would facilitate the discovery of biochemical markers of aging.
Experimental and numerical research on the bond‐slip behavior of square‐rebar reinforced concrete during the republic of China (1912–1949)
Authors: Zhang Chengwen , Chun Qing , Jin Hui , Zhang Shiqi , Lin Yijie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSquare‐rebar reinforced concrete structures during the republic of China (ROC) (1912–1949) have special material properties and structural characteristics. To perform nonlinear finite element simulations of this special type of structure more accurately, a specialized bond‐slip constitutive model is built. Eighteen central pullout specimens were designed based on the ROC concrete mix proportions and the square‐rebar. Then, the test data were fitted with the universal global optimization method and the minimum Euclidean distance point method was chosen to calculate the inflection point matrix of the bond‐slip constitutive model. Finally, the main factors influencing the bond‐slip behavior of the ROC square‐rebar reinforced concrete were analyzed. The research results show that the corrosion of the square‐rebar produces a negative effect on the whole structure and a modified bond‐slip regression curve considering the size effect is obtained. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the nonlinear calculation of ROC square‐rebar reinforced concrete structures considering the bond‐slip behaviors.
Applications and regulatory of nanotechnology‐based innovative in vitro diagnostics
Authors: Chen Kuan , Han Houyu , Tuguntaev Ruslan G. , Wang Peirong , Guo Weisheng , Huang Jiayu , Gong Xiaoqun , Liang Xing‐Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNanotechnology‐basedin vitro diagnostics (nanoIVDs) are widely studied for disease diagnostics with promising sensitivity, specificity, and convenience. However, it is still a major challenge for both regulatory authorities and scientific researchers to accelerate the clinical translation of such an innovative technology. Herein, this perspective discussed the benefits and challenges of nanoIVDs as well as the administration considerations on the distinguish features of nanoIVDs by regulatory authorities, so as to further achieve the evaluation, translation, and application of nanoIVD products.
Marginal operators and supersymmetry enhancement in 3d S-fold SCFTs
Authors: Maduli Emanuele , Mekareeya Noppadol , Sacchi Matteo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The study of exactly marginal deformations of superconformal field theories is a topic that has received considerable attention due to their rich properties. We investigate the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 preserving exactly marginal operators of 3d S-fold SCFTs. Two families of such theories are considered: one is constructed by gauging the diagonal flavour symmetry of the T(U(2)) and T(U(3)) theories, and the other by gauging the diagonal flavour symmetry of the $$ {T}_{\left[2,{1}^2\right]}^{\left[2,{1}^2\right]}\left( SU(4)\right) $$

T

2

1
2

2

1
2

SU

4

theory. In both families, it is possible to turn on a Chern-Simons level for each gauge group and to couple to each theory various numbers of hypermultiplets. The detailed analysis of the exactly marginal operators, along with the superconformal indices, allows us to determine whether supersymmetry gets enhanced in the infrared and to deduce the amount of supersymmetry of the corresponding SCFT.
Holo-ween
Authors: Simidzija Petar , Van Raamsdonk Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We argue that given holographic CFT1 in some state with a dual spacetime geometry M, and given some other holographic CFT2, we can find states of CFT2 whose dual geometries closely approximate arbitrarily large causal patches of M, provided that CFT1 and CFT2 can be non-trivially coupled at an interface. Our CFT2 states are “dressed up as” states of CFT1: they are obtained from the original CFT1 state by a regularized quench operator defined using a Euclidean path-integral with an interface between CFT2 and CFT1. Our results are consistent with the idea that the precise microscopic degrees of freedom and Hamiltonian of a holographic CFT are only important in fixing the asymptotic behavior of a dual spacetime, while the interior spacetime of a region spacelike separated from a boundary time slice is determined by more universal properties (such as entanglement structure) of the quantum state at this time slice. Our picture requires that low-energy gravitational theories related to CFTs that can be non-trivially coupled at an interface are part of the same non-perturbative theory of quantum gravity.
Physical observers, T-vacuum and Unruh like effect in the radiation dominated early universe
Authors: Modak Sujoy K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report the existence of an Unruh like effect, for physical observers (cosmo- logical and comoving observers) in the radiation dominated early universe, which is possible due to the discovery of a new vacuum state (referred here as the T−vacuum). Both the comoving and the cosmological observers, who are crucial in our understanding of cosmology, observe this T−vacuum as a particle excited state and are able to detect radiation due to particle creation. We draw a robust analogy with the Unruh effect, whereby — (i) the physical observers here are closely analogous to the accelerated (Rindler) observers in the flat spacetime, and (ii) the T−vacuum plays the role of the Minkowski vacuum state which contains particles when viewed from the physical observers frame. Our analogy is further supported by a proof of well-defined (hadamard) behavior of the T−vacuum in the entire spacetime. All our analysis of the particle creation process is done here within a two dimensional set up.
Building bulk geometry from the tensor Radon transform
Authors: Cao ChunJun , Qi Xiao-Liang , Swingle Brian , Tang Eugene 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using the tensor Radon transform and related numerical methods, we study how bulk geometries can be explicitly reconstructed from boundary entanglement entropies in the specific case of AdS3/CFT2. We find that, given the boundary entanglement entropies of a 2d CFT, this framework provides a quantitative measure that detects whether the bulk dual is geometric in the perturbative (near AdS) limit. In the case where a well-defined bulk geometry exists, we explicitly reconstruct the unique bulk metric tensor once a gauge choice is made. We then examine the emergent bulk geometries for static and dynamical scenarios in holography and in many-body systems. Apart from the physics results, our work demonstrates that numerical methods are feasible and effective in the study of bulk reconstruction in AdS/CFT.
Gravitational waves from fundamental axion dynamics
Authors: Ghoshal Anish , Salvio Alberto 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A totally asymptotically free QCD axion model, where all couplings flow to zero in the infinite energy limit, was recently formulated. A very interesting feature of this fundamental theory is the ability to predict some low-energy observables, like the masses of the extra fermions and scalars. Here we find and investigate a region of the parameter space where the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry is broken quantum mechanically through the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism. This results in an even more predictive framework: the axion sector features only two independent parameters (the PQ symmetry breaking scale and the QCD gauge coupling). In particular, we show that the PQ phase transition is strongly first order and can produce gravitational waves within the reach of future detectors. The predictivity of the model leads to a rigid dependence of the phase transition (like its duration and the nucleation temperature) and the gravitational wave spectrum on the PQ symmetry breaking scale and the QCD gauge coupling.
IBP reduction coefficients made simple
Authors: Boehm Janko , Wittmann Marcel , Wu Zihao , Xu Yingxuan , Zhang Yang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present an efficient method to shorten the analytic integration-by-parts (IBP) reduction coefficients of multi-loop Feynman integrals. For our approach, we develop an improved version of Leinartas’ multivariate partial fraction algorithm, and provide a modern implementation based on the computer algebra system Singular. Furthermore, we observe that for an integral basis with uniform transcendental (UT) weights, the denominators of IBP reduction coefficients with respect to the UT basis are either symbol letters or polynomials purely in the spacetime dimensionD. With a UT basis, the partial fraction algorithm is more efficient both with respect to its performance and the size reduction. We show that in complicated examples with existence of a UT basis, the IBP reduction coefficients size can be reduced by a factor of as large as ∼ 100. We observe that our algorithm also works well for settings without a UT basis.
Investigation into the surface quality and stress corrosion cracking resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel via precision end-milling operation
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Danish Mohd , Mia Mozammel , Gupta Munish Kumar , Sarikaya Murat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study presents a two-fold investigation on precision end-milling of stainless steel (AISI 316L). First, the impact of end-milling variables (cutting speed and feed rate) on the surface quality (surface roughness, microhardness, and surface morphology) was analyzed. The best surface quality with surface roughness (Ra) 0.65 ± 0.02 μm was observed for cutting speed of 140 m/min and 0.025 mm/tooth of feed rate. Microhardness was increased with increment in cutting speed. Second, the impact of surface roughness (Ra) on the stress corrosion cracking under two different mediums, i.e., body solutions (Hank’s solution) and 1 M hydrochloric acid solution, was studied. The investigations showed that the samples with higher surface roughness values were more prone to stress corrosion cracking.
Better together? How intergroup associations affect energy balance and feeding behavior in wild bonobos
Authors: Lucchesi Stefano , Cheng Leveda , Deschner Tobias , Mundry Roger , Wessling Erin G. , Surbeck Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen the benefits of interacting with out-group members exceed the associated costs, social groups may be expected to be tolerant towards each other. However, in many species exhibiting intergroup tolerance, the nature of benefits gained from intergroup encounters remains unclear. We investigated the potential costs and benefits associated with intergroup associations in bonobos, a species with varying degrees of intergroup tolerance, by testing whether these associations conferred energetic benefits to participants under different socioecological contexts and whether the consequences of these associations substantially differed from within-group competition. We used measures of socioecological factors (fruit abundance and group size), feeding and ranging behaviors, and a physiological marker of energy balance (urinary c-peptide of insulin) collected over a 19-month period from two neighboring wild communities in the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, Democratic Republic of the Congo. We found that intergroup associations were not related to individuals’ energy balance, but they were related to variations in individuals’ ranging and feeding behavior. Specifically, bonobos traveled longer distances, visited larger fruit patches, and increased the time spent feeding on fruits on days they associated with the neighboring group. These adaptations in feeding behavior may be strategies to offset the energetic costs of increased travel distances. In the absence of obvious energetic benefits and with clear strategies employed to offset energetic costs, it is likely that intergroup associations in bonobos provide benefits unrelated to energy acquisition, such as social benefits. Our study sheds light on the potential incentives promoting social networks to extend beyond and across groups in a tolerant species.Significance statementIntergroup encounters can be energetically costly due to increased competition over resources. Yet, some species associate with out-group individuals for extended periods of time when the benefits of participating in these associations exceed the potential costs. Bonobos, a species exhibiting intergroup tolerance, modified their feeding behavior during intergroup associations by feeding on larger fruit patches and increasing their time spent feeding on fruits, likely to offset energetic costs of increased travel distances. As results, individuals’ energy balance was not related with intergroup associations. The employment of such strategies in addition to the absence of clear energetic benefits suggests that intergroup associations in bonobos provide social rather than ecological benefits.