bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female fiddler crabs,Austruca lactea(Decapoda: Ocypodidae), adjust their rate of mate sampling based on remaining days until oviposition under a size-dependent temperature constraint
Authors: Takeshita Fumio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRate of mate sampling is one of the critical components associated with sampling costs in female mate choice. In ectotherms, environmental temperature generally constrains locomotion performance. In addition, females will adjust the mate sampling rate depending on their breeding schedule because of the risk of remaining unfertilized eggs or a loss of benefits related to mating, if they lose the opportunity to copulate. This study investigated how these effects influence the rate of female mate sampling in the temperate fiddler crab (Austruca lactea) in the field. The number of sampled males per searching duration formed a convex curve against environmental temperature. The optimal environmental temperature increased with the female body size. These results suggest that mate sampling rate is under a size-dependent temperature constraint, and sampling costs are lower for larger females than smaller individuals under high-temperature conditions. Furthermore, when there were fewer remaining days, the mate sampling rate increased. Females would hasten the sampling rate to ensure a suitable burrow for breeding. Mate sampling rate in female A. lactea is therefore associated with environmental temperature, female body size and remaining days until oviposition.
Mural vegetation in left ventricular apex caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Uzuka Takeshi , Nakamura Masanori , Kondo Mayo , Sakata Junichi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 77-year-old male on chronic haemodialysis was admitted for repeated episodes of stroke and a high fever. The patient’s blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus aureus and echocardiogram results revealed moderate mitral valve regurgitation, small masses in the left atrial appendage and a 20-mm mobile, spherical structure attached to the apical cavity of the left ventricle. Surgery was conducted to successfully excise these masses and pathological investigation confirmed the diagnosis of infective endocarditis. The attachment of mobile, spherical vegetation to the apex of the left ventricle is a rare manifestation of infective endocarditis.
Outcome of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in bicuspid aortic valve stenosis with new-generation devices
Authors: Gorla Riccardo , Casenghi Matteo , Finotello Alice , De Marco Federico , Morganti Simone , Regazzoli Damiano , Bianchi Giovanni , Acerbi Elena , Popolo Rubbio Antonio , Brambilla Nedy , Testa Luca , Castriota Fausto , Auricchio Ferdinando , Reimers Bernhard , Bedogni Francesco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To compare device success and paravalvular leak rates of 3 new-generation transcatheter aortic valve replacement devices in patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis and to test their biomechanical performance in a computer-based simulation model of aortic root with increasing ellipticity.

METHODS
This retrospective multicentre study included 56 bicuspid aortic valve patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement with new-generation devices: Lotus/Lotus Edge (N = 15; 27%), Evolut-R (N = 20; 36%) and ACURATE neo (N = 21; 37%). Three virtual simulation models of aortic root with increasing index of eccentricity (0–0.25–0.5) were implemented. Stress distribution, stent–root contact area and paravalvular orifice area were computed.

RESULTS
Device success was achieved in 43/56 patients (77%) with comparable rates among Lotus (87%), Evolut-R (60%) and ACURATE neo (86%; P = 0.085). Moderate paravalvular leak rate was significantly lower in the Lotus group as compared to Evolut-R group (0% vs 30%; P = 0.027) and comparable to the ACURATE neo group (0% vs 10%; P = 0.33). By index of eccentricity = 0.5, Lotus showed a uniform and symmetric pattern of stress distribution with absent paravalvular orifice area, ACURATE neo showed a mild asymmetry with small paravalvular orifice area (1.1 mm2), whereas a severely asymmetric pattern was evident with Evolut-R, resulting in a large paravalvular orifice area (12.0 mm2).

CONCLUSIONS
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in bicuspid aortic valve patients with new-generation devices showed comparable device success rates. Lotus showed moderate paravalvular leak rate comparable to that of ACURATE neo and significantly lower than Evolut-R. On simulation, Lotus and ACURATE neo showed optimal adaptability to elliptic anatomies as compared to Evolut-R.
Optimizing pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations against high inocula of ESBL-producing bacteria
Authors: Tam Vincent H , Abodakpi Henrietta , Wang Weiqun , Ledesma Kimberly R , Merlau Paul R , Chan Katrina , Altman Rachel , Tran Truc T , Nikolaou Michael , Sofjan Amelia K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesReduced in vitro β-lactam activity against a dense bacterial population is well recognized. It is commonly attributed to the presence of β-lactamase(s) and it is unknown whether the inoculum effect could be diminished by a β-lactamase inhibitor. We evaluated different β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations in suppressing a high inoculum of ESBL-producing bacteria.MethodsThree clinical isolates expressing representative ESBLs (CTX-M-15 and SHV-12) were examined. The impact of escalating β-lactamase inhibitor (tazobactam or avibactam) concentrations on β-lactam (piperacillin or ceftazidime) MIC reduction was characterized by an inhibitory sigmoid Emax model. The effect of various dosing regimens of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations was predicted using %T&gt;MICi and selected exposures were experimentally validated in a hollow-fibre infection model over 120 h. The threshold exposure to suppress bacterial regrowth was identified using recursive partitioning.ResultsA concentration-dependent reduction in β-lactam MIC was observed (r2 ≥0.93). Regrowth could be suppressed in all six experiments using %T&gt;MICi ≥73.6%, but only one out of six experiments below the threshold (P = 0.015). The exposures to suppress regrowth might be attained using the clinical dose of avibactam, but a much higher dose than the standard dose would be needed for tazobactam.ConclusionsA dense population of ESBL-producing bacteria could be suppressed by an optimized dosing regimen of selected β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. The reversibility of enzyme inhibition could play an important role in diminishing the inoculum effect. In vivo investigations to validate these findings are warranted.
Comparison of Bone Turnover Biomarkers in Serum and Urine Measured on an Automated Analytical Platform
Authors: Wilson Brittany M , Ross Ryan D , Jacobs Joshua J , Sumner Dale Rick 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Matched serum and urine samples from patients who had total hip replacement were used to assess serum-validated immunoassay reagents for use in urine.

Methods
Samples were evaluated by an automated electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (cobas e411; Roche Diagnostics) for C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen isoform β (β-Crosslaps), osteocalcin N-terminal midfragment (N-MID OC), N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Spike and recovery experiments were utilized to assess urinary matrix effects. Correlations between serum and both raw and creatinine-corrected urinary measures were assessed. Short-term precision was assessed.

Results
Spike and recovery experiments indicated minimal matrix effects of urine for the β-Crosslaps assay. Potential matrix effects were observed for the other analytes because N-MID OC and IL-6 tended to be slightly overrecovered, whereas PINP was underrecovered. There were strong correlations between serum β-Crosslaps and raw (Spearman ρ [rs] = 0.725, P &lt; 0.0001) and creatinine-corrected (rs = 0.793, P &lt; 0.0001) urinary measures and moderate correlations between serum N-MID OC and raw (rs = 0.582, P &lt; 0.0001) and creatinine-corrected (rs = 0.482, P &lt; 0.0001) urinary measures. PINP was not detected in urine, and no significant serum–urine correlations were found for IL-6. Short-term precision for urinary levels of β-Crosslaps, N-MID OC, and IL-6 were 1.6%, 6.3% and 14.4%, respectively.

Conclusions
Urinary measurements of β-Crosslaps and N-MID OC assays were correlated with serum measurements and had good short-term precision. Urinary PINP was not detectable. IL-6 can be measured in urine using this technology, but the levels did not correlate with serum levels, and the short-term precision was variable.
A Rapid and Accurate 1HNMR Method for the Identification and Quantification of Major Constituents in Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pills
Authors: Xie Qingling , Gong Limin , Huang Feibing , Cao Mengru , Liu Yongbei , Yuan Hanwen , Li Bin , Jian Yuqing , Peng Caiyun , Zhou Shuiping , Chu Yang , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Qishen Yiqi dripping pills (QSYQ), composed of four herbal medicines—Salvia miltiorrhiza, Astragalus membranaceus, Panax notoginseng, and Dalbergiaodorifera—are widely used to treat ischemic cerebrovascular and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular conditions.

Objective
In this study, a rapid and accurate proton NMR (1HNMR) spectroscopy method was established to control the quality of QSYQ and ensure their clinical efficacy.

Method
Firstly, different types of metabolites were identified based on the proton signal peaks of chemical shifts, coupling constants, and related information provided through two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Secondly, a quantitative 1HNMR method was established for the simultaneous determination of major constituents in QSYQ samples. In addition, an HPLC method was performed to verify the results obtained by the quantitative proton NMR (qHNMR) method.

Results
In the present study, 26 metabolites were identified in the 1HNMR spectra of QSYQ. In addition, a rapid and accruate qHNMR method was established for the simultaneous determination of protocatechualdehyde, rosmarinic acid, danshensu, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and ononin in ten batches of QSYQ samples for the first time. Moreover, the proposed qHNMR method and HPLC method were compared using Bland-Altman and plots Passing-Bablok regression, indicating no significant differences and a strong correlation between the two analytical methods.

Conclusions
This method is an important tool for the identification and quantification of major constituents in QSYQ.

Highlights
Compared with traditional HPLC, the established qHNMR method has the advantages of simple sample preparation, short analysis time, and non-destructive analysis.
Implementing Group Parent Training in Telepsychology: Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fogler Jason M , Normand Sébastien , O’Dea Nicole , Mautone Jennifer A , Featherston Marilyn , Power Thomas J , Nissley-Tsiopinis Jenelle 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
We recently transitioned from in-person delivery of a brief behavioral parent intervention to telepsychology delivery to meet families’ needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this topical review, we describe how we used treatment fidelity as a guiding principle to orient adaptations for telepsychology, as well as preliminary findings and early lessons learned in this implementation. Methods: Using rapid-cycle quality improvement methods, we adapted a brief parent training group (Bootcamp for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; BC-ADHD) to three groups of caregivers (i.e., 5–7 families) of school-aged children with ADHD (n = 20; 85% males). Families were from the following ethnic backgrounds: 75% White non-Hispanic, 15% White Hispanic, and 10% Black. Clinicians completed measures on their implementation experience. Observers completed measures on content/process fidelity and attendance. Caregivers completed measures on demographics, treatment satisfaction, and telepsychology experience.

Results
Telepsychology BC-ADHD can be implemented with comparably high levels of content and process fidelity and treatment satisfaction to in-person groups; and it appears to be feasible and acceptable to caregivers. Caregiver and clinician qualitative feedback revealed themes of appreciating the convenience of telepsychology, while experiencing some challenges in relating to others and sharing over video.

Conclusions
When treatment fidelity is used as a guiding tool, telepsychology parent training groups can be delivered with high fidelity and appear to be acceptable and feasible to caregivers and clinicians. Future research using larger and more diverse samples, multimethod and multi-informant measurement approaches, and controlled designs is needed to further assess the generalizability and efficacy of telepsychology parent training groups.
Psychosocial Functioning Among Children With and Without Differences of Sex Development
Authors: Hansen-Moore Jennifer A , Kapa Hillary M , Litteral Jennifer L , Nahata Leena , Indyk Justin A , Jayanthi Venkata R , Chan Yee-Ming , Tishelman Amy C , Crerand Canice E 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective To assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL), psychosocial adjustment, and family functioning of children with differences of sex development (DSD) or cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P).Methods In this cross-sectional study, parents of children with DSD (n = 67), CL/P (n = 121), and a comparison group of unaffected youth (n = 126) completed standardized measures assessing family functioning and their children’s HRQoL and psychosocial adjustment. Medical charts were abstracted for youth with either congenital condition.Results Children with DSD were rated as having significantly lower HRQoL and greater internalizing problems compared to youth with CL/P and unaffected youth. Children in the DSD group were also significantly more likely to fall into the clinical risk categories for total and internalizing problems relative to the CL/P and unaffected groups. Caregivers of children with DSD were significantly more likely to endorse items about child suicidality compared with caregivers in the CL/P and unaffected groups. No significant differences were found between groups for externalizing problems or the expressiveness domain of family functioning; parents of children with DSD reported significantly less family conflict relative to the other groups and greater cohesion relative to the unaffected group. Conclusions Youth with DSD appear to be at greater risk for psychosocial problems relative to children with CL/P and unaffected peers. Results underscore the need for integrated interdisciplinary care and ongoing psychosocial risk monitoring in youth with DSD.
A slice classification model-facilitated 3D encoder–decoder network for segmenting organs at risk in head and neck cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Wang Hao , Tian Suqing , Zhang Xuyang , Li Jiaqi , Lei Runhong , Gao Mingze , Liu Chunlei , Yang Li , Bi Xinfang , Zhu Linlin , Zhu Senhua , Xu Ting , Yang Ruijie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For deep learning networks used to segment organs at risk (OARs) in head and neck (H&N) cancers, the class-imbalance problem between small volume OARs and whole computed tomography (CT) images results in delineation with serious false-positives on irrelevant slices and unnecessary time-consuming calculations. To alleviate this problem, a slice classification model-facilitated 3D encoder–decoder network was developed and validated. In the developed two-step segmentation model, a slice classification model was firstly utilized to classify CT slices into six categories in the craniocaudal direction. Then the target categories for different OARs were pushed to the different 3D encoder–decoder segmentation networks, respectively. All the patients were divided into training (n = 120), validation (n = 30) and testing (n = 20) datasets. The average accuracy of the slice classification model was 95.99%. The Dice similarity coefficient and 95% Hausdorff distance, respectively, for each OAR were as follows: right eye (0.88 ± 0.03 and 1.57 ± 0.92 mm), left eye (0.89 ± 0.03 and 1.35 ± 0.43 mm), right optic nerve (0.72 ± 0.09 and 1.79 ± 1.01 mm), left optic nerve (0.73 ± 0.09 and 1.60 ± 0.71 mm), brainstem (0.87 ± 0.04 and 2.28 ± 0.99 mm), right temporal lobe (0.81 ± 0.12 and 3.28 ± 2.27 mm), left temporal lobe (0.82 ± 0.09 and 3.73 ± 2.08 mm), right temporomandibular joint (0.70 ± 0.13 and 1.79 ± 0.79 mm), left temporomandibular joint (0.70 ± 0.16 and 1.98 ± 1.48 mm), mandible (0.89 ± 0.02 and 1.66 ± 0.51 mm), right parotid (0.77 ± 0.07 and 7.30 ± 4.19 mm) and left parotid (0.71 ± 0.12 and 8.41 ± 4.84 mm). The total segmentation time was 40.13 s. The 3D encoder–decoder network facilitated by the slice classification model demonstrated superior performance in accuracy and efficiency in segmenting OARs in H&N CT images. This may significantly reduce the workload for radiation oncologists.
Pudendal flap—a good option for creating neo-scrotum after Fournier’s gangrene: a case series
Authors: Khanal Bhawani , Agrawal Sunit , Gurung Roshan , Sah Suresh , Gupta Rakesh Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Scrotal skin loss following Fournier’s gangrene is very distressing to the patients. The management is complex and challenging shown by the multiplicity of flaps and techniques described in the literature.
We included a total of 14 patients with the diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene over a period of 1 year in our department. We used a modified pudendal thigh flap to reconstruct neo-scrotum in patients with scrotal defects resulting from excision and debridement of Fournier’s gangrene. The average age group of the patients in our study was 41.8 years. The average body mass index in our study was 22.36 kg/m2. The average defect size in our study was 7.05 × 13.07 cm2. There was a single case of flap necrosis. Modified pudendal thigh flap produces a neo-scrotum that looks natural in appearance, provides good quality skin cover and cushion to the testes as well as protective sensation.
A new adenylyl cyclase, putative disease-resistance RPP13-like protein 3, participates in abscisic acid-mediated resistance to heat stress in maize
Authors: Yang Hao , Zhao Yulong , Chen Ning , Liu Yanpei , Yang Shaoyu , Du Hanwei , Wang Wei , Wu Jianyu , Tai Fuju , Chen Feng , Hu Xiuli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In plants, 3´,5´-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger with varied functions; however, only a few adenylyl cyclases (ACs) that synthesize cAMP have been identified. Moreover, the biological roles of ACs/cAMP in response to stress remain largely unclear. In this study, we used quantitative proteomics techniques to identify a maize heat-induced putative disease-resistance RPP13-like protein 3 (ZmRPP13-LK3), which has three conserved catalytic AC centres. The AC activity of ZmRPP13-LK3 was confirmed by in vitro enzyme activity analysis, in vivo RNAi experiments, and functional complementation in the E. coli cyaA mutant. ZmRPP13-LK3 is located in the mitochondria. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that ZmRPP13-LK3 interacts with ZmABC2, a possible cAMP exporter. Under heat stress, the concentrations of ZmRPP13-LK3 and cAMP in the ABA-deficient mutant vp5 were significantly less than those in the wild-type, and treatment with ABA and an ABA inhibitor affected ZmRPP13-LK3 expression in the wild-type. Application of 8-Br-cAMP, a cAMP analogue, increased heat-induced expression of heat-shock proteins in wild-type plants and alleviated heat-activated oxidative stress. Taken together, our results indicate that ZmRPP13-LK3, a new AC, can catalyse ATP for the production of cAMP and may be involved in ABA-regulated heat resistance.
Higher order spectra of weak lensing convergence maps in parametrized theories of modified gravity
Authors: Munshi D , McEwen J D 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We compute the low-ℓ limit of the family of higher order spectra for projected (2D) weak lensing convergence maps. In this limit these spectra are computed to an arbitrary order using tree-level perturbative calculations. We use the flat-sky approximation and Eulerian perturbative results based on a generating function approach. We test these results for the lower order members of this family, i.e. the skew- and kurt-spectra against state-of-the-art simulated all-sky weak lensing convergence maps and find our results to be in very good agreement. We also show how these spectra can be computed in the presence of a realistic sky-mask and Gaussian noise. We generalize these results to 3D and compute the equal-time higher order spectra. These results will be valuable in analysing higher order statistics from future all-sky weak lensing surveys such as the Euclid survey at low-ℓ modes. As illustrative examples, we compute these statistics in the context of the Horndeski and beyond Horndeski theories of modified gravity. They will be especially useful in constraining theories such as the Gleyzes–Langlois–Piazza–Vernizzi (GLPV) theories and degenerate higher order scalar-tensor theories as well as the commonly used normal-branch of Dvali–Gabadadze–Porrati model, clustering quintessence models and scenarios with massive neutrinos.
Weak lensing skew-spectrum
Authors: Munshi D , Namikawa T , Kitching T D , McEwen J D , Bouchet F R 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce the skew-spectrum statistic for weak lensing convergence κ maps and test it against state-of-the-art high-resolution all-sky numerical simulations. We perform the analysis as a function of source redshift and smoothing angular scale for individual tomographic bins. We also analyse the cross-correlation between different tomographic bins. We compare the numerical results to fitting-functions used to model the bispectrum of the underlying density field as a function of redshift and scale. We derive a closed form expression for the skew-spectrum for gravity-induced secondary non-Gaussianity. We also compute the skew-spectrum for the projected κ inferred from cosmic microwave background (CMB) studies. As opposed to the low redshift case, we find the post-Born corrections to be important in the modelling of the skew-spectrum for such studies. We show how the presence of a mask and noise can be incorporated in the estimation of a skew-spectrum.