bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between patient-reported outcomes and exercise test outcomes in patients with COPD before and after pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Meys Roy , Stoffels Anouk A. F. , Houben-Wilke Sarah , Janssen Daisy J. A. , Burtin Chris , van Hees Hieronymus W. H. , Franssen Frits M. E. , van den Borst Bram , Wouters Emiel F. M. , Spruit Martijn A. ,   on behalf of the BASES-consortium
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Over the years, the scope of outcomes assessment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has broadened, allowing for the evaluation of various patient-reported outcomes (PROs). As it still remains unclear whether and to what extent PROs mirror the exercise performance of patients with COPD, the current study aimed to assess the association between different exercise test outcomes and PROs, before and after pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).

Methods
Correlations between PROs used to describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mood status, level of care dependency and dyspnea in patients with COPD and commonly used laboratory- and field-based exercise test outcomes were evaluated in 518 individuals with COPD attending PR.

Results
Overall, correlations between PROs and exercise test outcomes at baseline were statistically significant. The correlation between modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score and 6-min walking distance (6MWD) was strongest (ρ:-0.65; p<0.001). HRQoL related PROs showed weak correlations with exercise outcomes at baseline. Moderate correlations were found between St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total score and 6MWD (r:-0.53; p<0.001) and maximal workload achieved during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (ρ:-0.48; p<0.001); and between Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) total score and 6MWD (r:-0.48; p<0.001) and maximal workload (ρ:-0.43; p<0.001). When significant, correlations between changes in exercise test outcomes and changes in PROs after PR were generally very weak or weak. The highest correlation was found between changes in CCQ total score and changes in 6MWD (ρ: − 0.36; p<0.001).

Conclusions
PROs and exercise test outcomes, although significantly correlated with each other, assess different disease features in patients with COPD. Individual PROs need to be supported by additional functional measurements whenever possible, in order to get a more detailed insight in the effectiveness of a PR program.

Trial registration
Netherlands Trial Register (NL3263/NTR3416). Registered 2 May 2012.
Immunohistochemical basigin expression level in thyroid cancer tissues
Authors: Guo Wan-Ping , Tang Deng , Pang Yu-Yan , Li Xiao-Jiao , Chen Gang , Huang Zhi-Guang , Tang Xiao-Zhun , Lai Qin-Qiao , Gan Jin-Yan , Huang Xiao-Li , Liu Xiao-Fan , Wei Zhi-Xiao , Ma Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy; basigin (also known as BSG) plays a crucial role in tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This study was designed to identify the change of BSG expression in TC and its possible potential mechanism.

Methods
The BSG expression levels in TC were demonstrated using data collected from in-house immunohistochemical (IHC), RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), microarrays, and literatures. Integrated analysis was performed to determined BSG expression levels in TC comprehensively. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed with the integration of BSG co-expressed genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TC tissues to explore the potential mechanisms of BSG in TC.

Results
The protein expression level of BSG was significantly higher in TC cases based on the IHC experiments. In addition, the combined SMD for BSG expression was 0.39 (p < 0.0001), the diagnostic odds ratio was 3.69, and the AUC of the sROC curve was 0.6986 using 1182 TC cases and 437 non-cancerous cases from 17 independent datasets. Furthermore, BSG co-expressed genes tended to be enriched in gene terms of the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell adhesion, and cell-cell interactions. The expression levels of nine hub BSG co-expressed genes were markedly upregulated in TC cases.

Conclusion
BSG expression levels were closely correlated with the progression of TC and may affect the signals of the ECM, cell adhesion, and cell-cell interactions.
Effect of preoperative jaundice on long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma with radical resection
Authors: Yang Xin-wei , Chen Jun-yi , Wen Zhi-jian , Li Yu-long , Wang Fei-yu , Li Liang , Yang Jue , Yang Ping-hua , Zhang Bao-hua , Shen Feng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purposes
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of preoperative jaundice on long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) after radical resection (R0).

Methods
A total of 267 GBC patients who underwent R0 resection from January 2004 to December 2014 were enrolled, including 54 patients with preoperative jaundice and 213 patients without jaundice. The clinicopathological parameters between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between preoperative jaundice and the long-term prognosis was furtherly analyzed.

Results
Unilateral and multivariate analyses of 267 GBC patients showed that the depth of tumor invasion (pT stage), lymphatic metastasis, and hepatic invasion were independent prognostic factors. The univariate and multivariate analysis of 54 GBC patients with preoperative jaundice showed that only pT stage was an independent factor for prognosis. Furthermore, the intraoperative blood transfusion and pT stage were significant different between long-term survival (survive for more than 3 years) and those who died within 3 years (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Preoperative jaundice was not the independent factor resulting in the poor long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma after R0 resection. The pT stage was the only long-term prognostic factor in all GBC patients regardless of preoperative jaundice.
Microglial and peripheral immune priming is partially sexually dimorphic in adolescent mouse offspring exposed to maternal high-fat diet
Authors: Bordeleau Maude , Lacabanne Chloé , Fernández de Cossío Lourdes , Vernoux Nathalie , Savage Julie C. , González-Ibáñez Fernando , Tremblay Marie-Ève 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal nutrition is critical for proper fetal development. While increased nutrient intake is essential during pregnancy, an excessive consumption of certain nutrients, like fat, can lead to long-lasting detrimental consequences on the offspring. Animal work investigating the consequences of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) revealed in the offspring a maternal immune activation (MIA) phenotype associated with increased inflammatory signals. This inflammation was proposed as one of the mechanisms causing neuronal circuit dysfunction, notably in the hippocampus, by altering the brain-resident macrophages—microglia. However, the understanding of mechanisms linking inflammation and microglial activities to pathological brain development remains limited. We hypothesized that mHFD-induced inflammation could prime microglia by altering their specific gene expression signature, population density, and/or functions.MethodsWe used an integrative approach combining molecular (i.e., multiplex-ELISA, rt-qPCR) and cellular (i.e., histochemistry, electron microscopy) techniques to investigate the effects of mHFD (saturated and unsaturated fats) vs control diet on inflammatory priming, as well as microglial transcriptomic signature, density, distribution, morphology, and ultrastructure in mice. These analyses were performed on the mothers and/or their adolescent offspring at postnatal day 30.ResultsOur study revealed that mHFD results in MIA defined by increased circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-6 in the mothers. This phenotype was associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response to peripheral lipopolysaccharide in mHFD-exposed offspring of both sexes. Microglial morphology was also altered, and there were increased microglial interactions with astrocytes in the hippocampus CA1 of mHFD-exposed male offspring, as well as decreased microglia-associated extracellular space pockets in the same region of mHFD-exposed offspring of the two sexes. A decreased mRNA expression of the inflammatory-regulating cytokineTgfb1and microglial receptorsTmem119,Trem2, andCx3cr1was additionally measured in the hippocampus of mHFD-exposed offspring, especially in males.ConclusionsHere, we described how dietary habits during pregnancy and nurturing, particularly the consumption of an enriched fat diet, can influence peripheral immune priming in the offspring. We also found that microglia are affected in terms of gene expression signature, morphology, and interactions with the hippocampal parenchyma, in a partially sexually dimorphic manner, which may contribute to the adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes on the offspring.
Community attitudes and gendered influences on decision making around contraceptive implant use in rural Papua New Guinea
Authors: Gupta Sarika , Bernays Sarah , Black Kirsten Isla , Ramsay Philippa , Bolnga John , Kelly-Hanku Angela 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite targeted interventions to improve contraceptive implant acceptability and uptake in rural Papua New Guinea (PNG), ongoing use of this method remains limited. Previous literature has suggested community attitudes and intrinsic factors within the decision-making process may be negatively impacting on implant uptake, however these elements have not previously been studied in detail in this context. We set out to explore community attitudes towards the contraceptive implant and the pathways to decision making around implant use in a rural community on Karkar Island, PNG.

Methods
We conducted 10 focus-group (FGD) and 23 in-depth interviews (IDI) using semi-structured topic guides. Key sampling characteristics included age, exposure or non-exposure to implants, marital status, education and willingness to participate in discussion. Four FGDs were held with women, four with men and two with mixed gender. IDIs were carried out with five women (current implant users, former implant users, implant never users), five men, five religious leaders (Catholic and non-Catholic), four village leaders and four health workers. Two in-depth interviews (four participants) were analysed as dyads and the remaining participant responses were analysed individually.

Results
Men were supportive of their wives using family planning but there was a community-wide lack of familiarity about the contraceptive implant which influenced its low uptake. Men perceived family planning to be ‘women’s business’ but remained strongly influential in the decision making processes around method use. Young men were more receptive to biomedical information than older men and had a greater tendency towards wanting to use implants. Older men preferred to be guided by prominent community members for decisions concerning implants whilst young men were more likely to engage with health services directly.

Conclusions
In communities where a couple’s decision to use the contraceptive implant is strongly coloured by gendered roles and social perceptions, having a detailed understanding of the relational dynamics affecting the decision-making unit is useful in targeting future healthcare interventions. Engaging groups who are reluctant to connect with health information, as well as those who are most influential in the decision making process, will have the greatest impact on increasing implant acceptability and uptake.
Anti-inflammatory effect of unripe apple polyphenols-chitooligosaccharides microcapsule against LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Zheng Hu-Zhe , Cui Chun-Lan , Jeong Woo-Sik , Chung Shin-Kyo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to improve the synergistic effect of unripe apple polyphenols (APP) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), apple polyphenols-chitooligosaccharides microcapsule (APCM) were prepared by spray-drying method. The effects of APCM on the release of polyphenols in simulated gastrointestinal digestion model, as well as the anti-inflammatory effect against LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and HPLC analysis of APP and APCM showed that during the spray-drying process, most of the polyphenols are successfully encapsulated in COS. The simulated gastrointestinal digestion model results showed that about 98% of polyphenols released from APCM within 60 min. Anti-inflammatory effect of APCM on LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells showed that although APP showed a strong inhibitory effect on cell viability at 0.6 mg/mL, the effect of APCM on cell viability was less and could maintain a high level at the same concentration. In addition, APCM significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α production via the elevation of cytokine IL-10 as the concentration increases, respectively. The results suggest that APCM alleviate the intensity of inflammatory processes by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, as well as additionally by promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10. These findings provide scientific and theoretical support for the claim that traditional medicine treats inflammation-related diseases.
Dramatic neurological and biological effects by botulinum neurotoxin type A on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, beyond the blockade of neurotransmitter release
Authors: Wang Lei , Ringelberg Carol S. , Singh Bal R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Gene expression profile analysis on mammalian cell lines and animal models after exposure to botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been investigated in several studies in recent years. Microarray analysis provides a powerful tool for identifying critical signaling pathways involved in the biological and inflammatory responses to BoNT and helps determine the mechanism of the function of botulinum toxins.
One of the pivotal clinical characteristics of BoNT is its prolonged on-site effects. The role of BoNT on the blockage of neurotransmitter acetylcholine release in the neuromuscular junction has been well established. However, the effects of the treatment time of BoNT on the human cellular model and its potential mechanism remain to be defined.

Methods
This study aimed to use gene microarray technology to compare the two physiological critical time points of BoNT type A (BoNT/A) treatment of human neuroblastoma cells and to advance our understanding of the profound biological influences that toxin molecules play in the neuronal cellular system. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with BoNT/A for 4 and 48 h, which represent the time needed for the entrance of toxin into the cells and the time necessary for the initial appearance of the on-site effects after BoNT application, respectively.

Results
A comparison of the two time points identified 122 functional groups that are significantly changed. The top five groups are alternative splicing, phosphoprotein, nucleus, cytoplasm, and acetylation. Furthermore, after 48 h, there were 744 genes significantly up-regulated, and 624 genes significantly down-regulated (p‹ 0.01). These genes fell into the following neurological and biological annotation groups: Nervous system development, proteinaceous extracellular matrix, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, cellular function and signal transduction, and apoptosis.
We have also noticed that the up-regulated groups contained neuronal cell development, nervous system development, and metabolic processes. In contrast, the down-regulated groups contained many chromosomes and cell cycle categories.

Conclusions
The effects of BoNT/A on neuronal cells extend beyond blocking the neurotransmitter release, and that BoNT/A is a multifunctional molecule that can evoke profound cellular responses which warrant a more in-depth understanding of the mechanism of the toxin’s effects after administration.
The spherical-Dirichlet distribution
Authors: Guardiola Jose H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractToday, data mining and gene expressions are at the forefront of modern data analysis. Here we introduce a novel probability distribution that is applicable in these fields. This paper develops the proposed spherical-Dirichlet distribution designed to fit vectors located at the positive orthant of the hypersphere, as it is often the case for data in these fields, avoiding unnecessary probability mass. Basic properties of the proposed distribution, including normalizing constants and moments are developed. Relationships with other distributions are also explored. Estimators based on classical inferential statistics, such as method of moments and maximum likelihood estimators are obtained. Two applications are developed: the first one uses simulated data, and the second uses a real text mining example. Both examples are fitted using the proposed spherical-Dirichlet distribution and their results are discussed.
Overcoming anticancer resistance by photodynamic therapy-related efflux pump deactivation and ultrasound-mediated improved drug delivery efficiency
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Park Suhyun , Yoo Hongkeun , Park Suhyeon , Kim Jeewon , Yum Kyuhee , Kim Kwangmeyung , Kim Hyuncheol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne of the major obstacles to successful chemotherapy is multi-drug resistance (MDR). A multi-drug resistant cancerous cell abnormally overexpresses membrane transporters that pump anticancer drugs out of the cell, resulting in low anticancer drug delivery efficiency. To overcome the limitation, many attempts have been performed to inhibit the abilities of efflux receptors chemically or genetically or to increase the delivery efficiency of anticancer drugs. However, the results have not yet been satisfactory. In this study, we developed nanoparticle-microbubble complexes (DOX-NPs/Ce6-MBs) by conjugating doxorubicin loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (DOX-NPs) onto the surface of Chlorin e6 encapsulated microbubbles (Ce6-MBs) in order to maximize anticancer efficiency by overcoming MDR. Under the ultrasound irradiation, DOX-NPs and Ce6 encapsulating self-assembled liposomes or micelles were effectively delivered into the cells due to the sonoporation effect caused by the microbubble cavitation. At the same time, reactive oxygen (ROS) generated from intracellularly delivered Ce6 by laser irradiation arrested the activity of ABCG2 efflux receptor overexpressed in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR), resulting in increased the chemotherapy efficacy. In addition, the total number of side population cells that exhibit the properties of cancer stem-like cells were also reduced by the combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. In conclusion, DOX-NPs/Ce6-MBs will provide a platform for simultaneously overcoming MDR and increasing drug delivery and therefore, treatment efficiency, under ultrasound irradiation.
Gene specific therapies – the next therapeutic milestone in neurology
Authors: Brenner David , Ludolph Albert C. , Weishaupt Jochen H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGene selective approaches that either correct a disease mutation or a pathogenic mechanism will fundamentally change the treatment of neurological disorders. Basically, gene specific therapies are designed to manipulate RNA expression or reconstitute gene expression and function depending on the disease mechanism. Considerable methodological advances in the last years have made successful clinical translation of gene selective approaches possible, based on RNA interference or viral gene reconstitution in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). In this review, we provide an overview of the existing and coming gene specific therapies in neurology and discuss benefits, risks and challenges.
Spray drying studies of probiotic Enterococcus strains encapsulated with whey protein and maltodextrin
Authors: Bhagwat Ashlesha , Bhushette Pravin , Annapure Uday S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Probiotic Enterococcus strains of human origin were microencapsulated by spray drying using whey protein and maltodextrin as an encapsulating agent. The obtained encapsulates were characterized for stability, viability, and physiological properties.

Results
The microcapsules were prepared from probiotic Enterococcus strains that were previously isolated from human vagina and infants’ meconium. The microcapsules revealed similar particle sizes and morphologies. The highest hygroscopicity was observed in the microcapsules produced with strain E. rivorum S22C (0.17 ± 1.15) g water/kg powder/min. E. canintestini S18A revealed highest dissolution time in water (703 ± 2 s). The DSC thermogram revealed excellent thermal stability of all microcapsules. The physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the microcapsules were acceptable with regard to residual water content, particle mean size, and thermophysical properties and storage stability under room temperature conditions, with a low inactivation rate of Enterococcus strains. All the microcapsules revealed the recommended count of probiotic cells, low moisture content with low water activity. Observation under a scanning electron microscope revealed spherical-shaped partially collapsed structures measuring between 9 and 14 μm with surface concavities.

Conclusions
The microcapsule probiotic strains of Enterococcus microencapsulated by spray drying using whey protein and maltodextrin revealed properties of acceptable standards. These strains can have future potential as developing probiotic animal feed and food industry.
Early Diagnosed Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Bin , Cai Jian , Xu Yun , Long Yuhang , Deng Langhui , Lin Suiwen , Zhang Jinxin , Yang Jianbo , Zhong Lieqiang , Luo Yanmin , Zhou Yi , Zhang Ying , Li Zhuyu , Chen Hanqing , Wang Zilian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Context
The significance of an early diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has not been determined.

Objective
The objective of this work is to investigate GDM diagnosed by early and standard OGTTs and determine adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with early GDM diagnosis.

Research Design and Methods
The Early Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus study is a prospective cohort study. Each participant in the study underwent 2 OGTTs, an early OGTT at 18 to 20 gestational weeks (gws) and a standard OGTT at 24 to 28 gws. The reproduciblity between early and standard OGTT were analyzed. Maternal and neonatal metabolic disorders and pregnancy outcomes were compared across groups.

Results
A total of 522 participants completed both the early and standard OGTTs. The glucose values in the early OGTT were not significantly different from those in the standard OGTT (fasting: 4.31 ± 0.41 mmol/L vs 4.29 ± 0.37 mmol/L, P = .360; 1-hour: 7.68 ± 1.71 mmol/L vs 7.66 ± 1.59 mmol/L, P = .826; 2-hour: 6.69 ± 1.47 mmol/L vs 6.71 ± 1.39 mmol/L, P = .800). The reproducibility of early and standard OGTT results was 74.9%. Pregnant women in the GDM group had higher glycated hemoglobin, C-peptide, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in the late gestational period. Neonates born to mothers in the GDM group were at a higher risk of being large for gestational age (odds ratio [OR]: 3.665; 95% CI, 1.006-11.91) and were also more prone to neonatal hyperinsulinemia (OR: 3.652; 95% CI, 1.152-10.533).

Conclusion
Early-onset GDM diagnosed by OGTT at 18 to 20 gws is associated with maternal and neonatal metabolic disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further randomized controlled trials on the therapeutic efficacy for early-onset GDM will confirm the significance of early screening for GDM.