bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hard X-ray wavefront correction via refractive phase plates made by additive and subtractive fabrication techniques
Authors: Seiboth Frank , Brückner Dennis , Kahnt Maik , Lyubomirskiy Mikhail , Wittwer Felix , Dzhigaev Dmitry , Ullsperger Tobias , Nolte Stefan , Koch Frieder , David Christian , Garrevoet Jan , Falkenberg Gerald , Schroer Christian G. 
Published: July 2020

Modern subtractive and additive manufacturing techniques present new avenues for X-ray optics with complex shapes and patterns. Refractive phase plates acting as glasses for X-ray optics have been fabricated, and spherical aberration in refractive X-ray lenses made from beryllium has been successfully corrected. A diamond phase plate made by femtosecond laser ablation was found to improve the Strehl ratio of a lens stack with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.88 × 10−3 at 8.2 keV from 0.1 to 0.7. A polymer phase plate made by additive printing achieved an increase in the Strehl ratio of a lens stack at 35 keV with NA of 0.18 × 10−3 from 0.15 to 0.89, demonstrating diffraction-limited nanofocusing at high X-ray energies.
Social capital, power and information sharing – evidence from the Dutch meat processing industry
Authors: Gelderman Cees J. , Semeijn Janjaap , Ter Avest Ferdi , Peeters Ellen 
Published: July 2020

PurposeBuying companies in the food industry increasingly recognize the need to cultivate relationships with their suppliers. Social capital and power are important to understand buyer–supplier relationships. Maintaining these relationships appears highly dependent on the degree of information sharing.Design/methodology/approachThe study investigates how power and social capital dimensions are related to information sharing. A survey of first-tier suppliers in the Dutch meat processing industry was carried out. The data from 82 suppliers was analyzed using partial least squares.FindingsIt appears that expert power contributes to the cognitive and structural social capital. In contrast, coercive power showed no influence at all. Cognitive and structural social capital dimensions have a direct link to relational social capital, which significantly improves buyer–supplier information sharing in the food industry.Practical implicationsBuying companies can encourage supplier information sharing by building up their own expertise and cultivating social relationships. They should refrain from strong-handed practices.Originality/valueCompanies in the food and food processing industry are dependent on effective information exchange for their very survival. This study investigates the role of power and social capital in making such exchange possible and sustainable.
Exploring the explicitness, salience of ethics and transparency of messages in social reports: a cross-national longitudinal content analysis from an institutional perspective
Authors: Lee Tae Ho 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study analyzed the explicitness, the salience of ethics and the transparency of messages in firms' social reports based on their significance to strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on institutional theory, this content analysis investigated 750 social reports from 125 firms for a ten-year period in liberal market economies (LMEs: US, UK), coordinated market economies (CMEs: Germany, Japan) and state-led market economies (SLMEs: France, South Korea).FindingsFirst, firms in CMEs showed the highest level of transparency, and in all market economies, an overall trend of increase in the level of transparency was found. Second, firms in SLMEs communicated their CSR activities least explicitly. Third, firms in CMEs showed the lowest salience of ethics.Originality/valueUseful theoretical as well as practical implications are provided in relation to the institutional perspective to CSR, and cross-national CSR communication.
State ownership, firm innovation and the moderating role of private-sector competition: the case of China
Authors: Yang Hongyan , Steensma H. Kevin , Ren Ting 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to study how state ownership influences the innovation process in terms of allocating resources toward searching for new solutions and converting these efforts into economic value. On one hand, deep pockets of the state provide slack resources that may facilitate risk taking and innovation. On the other hand, soft budgets can create incentive problems and dampen the efficient use of resources. The authors suggest how accounting for competitive context can disentangle these countervailing forces.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a panel of over 240,000 Chinese firms over the years 2004–2008. The broad sample and period afforded substantial variability in terms of state ownership within and across firms. The authors use a two-stage model and a within-firm (i.e. fixed-effects) design, controlling for all time-invariant firm characteristics and the problematic unobserved heterogeneity that can often lead to erroneous inferences. Furthermore, the relatively short window limits the likelihood of time-varying unobserved firm characteristics biasing the empirical results.FindingsThe authors found that private-sector competition has the opposite effect on the relationship between state ownership and the second step of the innovation process. In industries where there is robust private-sector competition, state ownership diminishes the firm’s ability to convert R&D efforts into economic value. Private-sector competition competes away any advantages state-owned firms may have in terms of developing or accessing the complementary resources needed for commercialization. Ultimately, the inefficiencies of state ownership in terms of relatively undisciplined selection and monitoring of R&D activities outweigh any potential resource advantages derived from state ownership.Originality/valueThe state remains a prominent player in many economies throughout the world. The authors explored how state ownership of firms influences the resources they expend in searching out new solutions, and their success in converting such resources into economically valuable new products and services. State ownership has potentially countervailing effects on innovation. The authors disentangle these countervailing effects through consideration of how accounting for competitive context could determine whether the beneficial effects of state ownership dominate its detrimental effects for both searching for new solutions and converting these efforts into economically valuable new products. With a focus of market competition as an external force that drives the difference in innovation between SOEs and the private-sector, this study serves as a parallel effort to Jiaet al.(2019) who investigate the joint effect of public and corporate governance on SOEs’ innovation performance, and Zhouet al.(2017) who concern the balance of the institution and efficiency logics on the comparative advantage of SOEs over privately owned enterprises in innovation performance.
A new tail-switching superharmonic multiphase LC-VCO
Authors: Ebrahimi Emad 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Multiphase and quadrature voltage-controlled oscillators (QVCOs) play key roles in modern communication systems and their phase noise performance affects the performance of the overall system. Different studies are devoted to efficient quadrature signals generation. This paper aims to present a new low-phase noise superharmonic injection-locked QVCO.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed QVCO is comprised of two identical inductor-capacitor circuit (LC)-voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) in which second harmonics, with 180° phase shift, are injected from one core VCO to the gate of tail current source of the other VCO via a coupling capacitor. Using second harmonics with high amplitude will switch the tail from the inversion to the accumulation, and therefore, flicker noise is reduced. Also, because of the use of lossless and noiseless coupling elements, that is, coupling capacitors, and also because of the existence of an inherent high-pass filter, the proposed LC-QVCO has a good phase noise performance.

Findings
The introduced technique is designed and simulated in a commercial 0.18 µm radio frequency complementary metal oxide semiconductor (RF-CMOS) technology and 10 dB improvement of close-in phase noise is achieved (compared to the conventional method). Simulation results show that the phase noise of the proposed QVCO is −130.3 dBc/Hz at 3 MHz offset from 5.76 GHz center frequency, while the total direct current (DC) current drawn from a 0.9-V power supply is 4.25 mA (figure of merit = −190.2 dBc). Monte Carlo simulation results show that the figure of merit of the circuit has a Gaussian distribution with mean value and standard deviation of −189.97 dBc and 0.183, respectively.

Originality/value
This technique provides a new simple but efficient superharmonic coupling and noise shaping method that reduces close-in phase noise of superharmonic multiphase VCOs by switching of tail transistors with 2 ω0 (second harmonic of oscillation frequency). No extra devices such as area-consuming transformer or additional power-hungry oscillator are used for coupling.
Assessing formative artscape to predict opera attendees’ loyalty
Authors: Tubillejas-Andrés Berta , Cervera-Taulet Amparo , Calderon Garcia Haydee 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to posit servicescape from a multi-dimensional formative approach beyond mere conceptualizations limited to its physical dimensions. An analysis is carried out to predict loyalty behaviours in a cultural service.Design/methodology/approachPartial least square was conducted for testing a third-order aggregate formative construct of servicescape on a sample of 867 opera goers. In addition, the authors carried out a predictive performance assessment of our model.FindingsThe proposed research model was largely supported by the evidence. Results show that the physical (exterior and interior) and social dimensions (employees’ and attendees’ characteristics and interactions) must be considered together in the artscape, servicescape named in the performing arts services, conceptualization and measurement. An appropriate servicescape can be of vital importance in the perception and subsequent consumer evaluation of the service in terms of loyalty.Research limitations implicationsFurther research is required to extend the analysis of the holistic servicescape.Practical implicationsCultural managers are provided in terms of highlighting the importance of managing the artscape in all its dimensions “not only physical but also social – showing its relevance as an antecedent of opera goers” loyalty.Social implicationsBesides the cultural product itself, designing appropriate artscapes can enhance the experience and post-use behaviour of performing arts attendees.Originality/valueThe authors make a relevant contribution in the configuration of high-order formative constructs, showing that marketing literature should appraise servicescape from a comprehensive perspective to predict post-consumption behaviour.
Partitioned artificial immune system for detection and identification of autonomous flight vehicle abnormal conditions
Authors: McLaughlin Ryan Gerald , Perhinschi Mario G. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeAn artificial immune system (AIS) for the detection and identification of abnormal operational conditions affecting an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) is developed using the partition of the universe approach. The performance of the proposed methodology is assessed through simulation within the West Virginia University (WVU) unmanned aerial system (UAS) simulation environment.Design/methodology/approachAn AIS is designed and generated for a fixed wing UAV using data from the WVU UAS simulator. A novel partition of the universe approach augmented with the hierarchical multiself strategy is used to define the self, within the AIS paradigm. Several 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional commanded trajectories are simulated under normal and abnormal conditions affecting actuators and sensors. Data recorded are used to build the AIS and develop an abnormal condition detection and identification scheme for the two categories of subsystems. The performance of the methodology is evaluated in terms of detection and identification rates, false alarms and decision times.FindingsThe proposed methodology for UAV abnormal condition detection and identification has the potential to support a comprehensive and integrated solution to the problem of aircraft subsystem health management. The novel partition of the universe approach has been proven to be a promising alternative to the previously investigated clustering methods by providing similar or better performance for the cases investigated.Research limitations/implicationsThe promising results obtained within this research effort motivate further investigation and extension of the proposed methodology toward a complete system health management process, including abnormal condition evaluation and accommodation.Practical implicationsThe use of the partition of the universe approach for AIS generation may potentially represent a valuable alternative to current clustering methods within the AIS paradigm. It can facilitate a simpler and faster implementation of abnormal condition detection and identification schemes.Originality/valueIn this paper, a novel method for AIS generation, the partition of the universe approach, is formulated and applied for the first time for the development of abnormal condition detection and identification schemes for UAVs. This approach is computationally less expensive and mitigates some of the issues related to the typical clustering approaches. The implementation of the proposed approach can potentially enhance the robustness of UAS for safety purposes.
Applying conventional agency theory to prediction of employee self-reporting performance behaviour
Authors: Nsor-Ambala Randolph 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test various hypotheses regarding if managers' voluntarily prefer honesty in self-reported managerial performance (HPR).Design/methodology/approachThis study uses an experimental approach with a data set of 300 Ghanaian employees.FindingsThe results confirm that the current trend where employee contracts are underpinned by the classical agency theory (CAT) is problematic, ineffective and costly because it does not appropriately explain the observed behaviour of honesty and partial honesty in self-reported performance or the dishonesty in reporting performance when there is no financial reward to be gained by employees. Therefore MNCs may benefit from a consideration of wider and alternative perspectives. Additionally, stakeholders must consider a strategy of delaying performance-related bonuses (pay-offs) to improve HPR and avoid capping performance-related pay off with an arbitrary threshold. This is because the setting of arbitrary thresholds reduces the established relationship between effort and reward and introduces gaming into the managerial performance reporting process.Originality/valueUnlike other prior studies that rely on students as surrogates for employees, this study uses actual employees to test the experimental constructs. Aside from the comparatively large data set, this study is the first exploration of the differential effects of national characteristics on HPR in Ghana.
Effect of appeal orientation in sponsored ad forwarding on a microblog platform
Authors: Gu Chenyan , Xu Yunjie Calvin , Yao Minghui 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study identifies a new type of advertising, sponsored ad forwarding, in microblog contexts. It tests the effectiveness of designs of a message with an ad with regard to receivers who are purely online friends or offline friends.Design/methodology/approachIn the main experiment, a three-by-two experimental design was employed. By random assignment, message senders forwarded an ad with either an other-oriented or a self-oriented message to a group of offline friends or purely online friends. In the control group, there was no message accompanying the ad. The data of 218 effective sender-receiver dyads were collected and compared.FindingsThe results show that a message with an other-oriented appeal is more effective than one with a self-oriented appeal for dyads with an offline relationship, and a message with a self-oriented appeal is more effective than one with an other-oriented appeal for dyads with a purely online relationship. Overall, the use of appeals significantly boosts ad effectiveness.Originality/valueThis study identifies a new type of marketing practice in social media, namely sponsored ad forwarding. It also proposes appeal orientation as a novel type of message content design. It shows how to apply the right appeal orientation to the right receiver groups, that is, offline or purely online friends.
Available to meet: advances in professional communications
Authors: Swanson E. Burton 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis viewpoint paper calls in to question the current design approach to personal artificial intelligence (AI) assistance in support of everyday professional communications, where a bot emulates a human in this role. It aims to stimulate fresh thought among designers and users of this technology. It also calls upon scholars to more widely share incidental insights that arise in their own encounters with such new AI.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs a case of an email exchange gone wrong to demonstrate the current failings of personal AI assistance in support of professional communications and to yield broader insights into bot design and use. The viewpoint is intended to provoke discussion.FindingsFrom the case, it is indicated that industrial-strength personal AI assistance is not here yet. Designing a personal AI assistant to emulate a human is found to be deeply problematic, in particular. The case illuminates what might be called the problem of blinded agency, in performative contexts where human, robotic and organizational identities are at least partially masked and actions, inactions and intentions can too easily disappear in a thick fog of digital exchange. The problem arises where parties must act in contexts not known to each other, and where who is responsible for what in a mundane exchange is obscured (intentionally or not) by design or by actions (or inactions) of the parties. An insight is that while humans act with a sense of agency to affect outcomes that naturally invoke a corresponding sense of responsibility for what transpires, bots in social interaction simply act and feign responsibility as they have no sense of it beyond their code and data. A personal AI assistant is probably best designed to communicate its artificiality clearly. Missing today are distinctive social conventions for identifying machine agency in everyday interactions as well as an accepted etiquette for AI deployment in these settings.Originality/valueAs a viewpoint contribution, the paper's value is as a stimulant to discussion of alternate approaches to design and use of personal AI assistance in professional communications and where we should be going with this. The presented case of an email exchange gone wrong is simple on the face of it but reveals in its examination a number of complexities and broader insights.
Farmer cooperatives, gender and side-selling behavior in Burundi's coffee sector
Authors: Gerard Andrew , Lopez Maria Claudia , Clay Daniel C. , Ortega David L. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study aims to improve our understanding of side selling in farmer cooperatives. Cooperative member side selling, in which farmers divert produce from cooperatives to competitors, threatens coffee cooperatives. This is a problem in Burundi, where many households earn income from coffee and cooperatives serve a collective action function.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from a survey of Burundian coffee farmers, we assess the determinants of two types of cooperative member side-selling behavior: selling to both cooperative and non-cooperative buyers and selling solely to non-cooperative buyers.FindingsFarmers who sell to both cooperative and non-cooperative buyers are more likely to be male household heads, be more invested in coffee and have larger farms than non-side sellers, among other characteristics. Farmers who only sell to non-cooperative buyers are poorer and less invested in coffee than non-side sellers.Research limitations/implicationsAdditional research is needed to better understand why side-selling behavior differs between groups and to better understand how household head gender influences side selling. In addition, this study lacks qualitative data supporting quantitative findings. Future research should include qualitative methods to better understand motivations for side-selling behavior.Originality/valueThe study provides important information on what influences cooperative member side selling and focuses on specific types of side-selling behavior that have been largely overlooked. The study focuses on the role of household head gender in side selling, which is important, given the centrality of women to African agriculture.
Performance analysis of electricity distribution sector post the implementation of electricity act 2003: empirical evidence from India
Authors: Khetrapal Pavan 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe objective of the present study is to evaluate and analyse the performance of Indian electricity distribution utilities post the implementation of landmark Electricity Act 2003.Design/methodology/approachStochastic frontier analysis (SFA) that incorporates exogenous influences on operational efficiency is adopted in the present study. Specifically, a stochastic frontier production function model with a technical inefficiency effects model (Battese and Coelli, 1995) is chosen as a preferred model. In this model, the function that explains the inefficiency scores is estimated in a single stage with the production technology. This avoids the problem of inconsistency which is possible in the two-stage approach.FindingsThe sample involved 52 Indian electricity distribution utilities for seven-year period from 2006 to 2013. Major findings of SFA show that Indian electricity distribution utilities post the implementation of Electricity Act (2003) had, on average, experienced efficiency improvement during the observed period. The overall mean technical effciency score is estimated as 78.5% which indicates that there exist wide scope for effciency improvement in the sector. Further, the empirical findings also indicate that publicly owned distribution utilities obtain average technical efficiencies of 71.3%, which is lower than privately owned distribution utilities, which achieve average technical efficiencies of 85.7%.Research limitations/implicationsPower supply quality indicators such as SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIFI, etc. and unobserved heterogeneity also influence the efficiency analysis of electricity distribution utilities. Hence, these parameters as explanatory variables can be incorporated in the future work.Practical implicationsThe results obtained from this empirical study would likely be helpful for utility managers and policymakers to know how well they are performing, and how a better corporate strategy a particular utility can formulate to improve its operational efficiency and also its position in the marketplace.Originality/valueThis paper is amongst the first significant attempts that implement SFA approach to the panel dataset over a longer period of time – 2006 to 2013, so, as to evaluate and analyse the operational efficiency of Indian electricity distribution utilities in a single framework after the enactment of Electricity Act (2003). Unlike previous studies, this study investigates the degree to which various exogenous (or environmental) factors influence efficiency levels in these utilities.