bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cystic Fibrosis Impact Questionnaire: qualitative development and cognitive evaluation of a new patient-reported outcome instrument to assess the life impacts of cystic fibrosis
Authors: McCarrier Kelly P. , Hassan Mariam , Hodgkins Paul , Suthoff Ellison , McGarry Lisa J. , Martin Mona L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience significant disease burden, including progressive pulmonary decline and reduced survival. This multicenter qualitative study was conducted to develop a new patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure to assess the impact of CF on patients’ quality of life: the Cystic Fibrosis Impact Questionnaire (CF-IQ).
Semi-structured qualitative concept elicitation (CE) interviews with patients and caregivers documented CF-related symptoms, impacts, and treatment experiences. Coded interview data were considered alongside existing PROs, published literature, and expert opinion to develop an initial scale. Three rounds of cognitive interviews evaluated respondent comprehension and facilitated refinement of the CF-IQ.

Results
Adult (N = 20) and pediatric (N = 22) patients with CF and their parents/caregivers (N = 22) completed CE interviews at 7 US clinics. The sample included patients aged 6–58 years, 57% females, and represented a broad range of disease severity (forced expiratory volume in 1 s range: 22%–127% predicted). Interviews identified 59 unique CF-related impact concepts in domains, including activity limitations (physical, social, leisure), functional limitations (school, work), vulnerability/lack of control, emotional impact, treatment burden, and future outlook. Concept saturation was achieved, and a draft questionnaire was developed. Findings from the cognitive interviews (n = 18) confirmed that instructions, items, and response scales were relevant and clear, and interpreted as intended by patients.

Conclusion
The CF-IQ is a 40-item novel PRO scale assessing a comprehensive set of patient-relevant concepts to characterize the multifaceted nature of CF. Qualitative interview data support the content validity of the CF-IQ, which is currently undergoing additional psychometric evaluation in patients with CF.
Optimizing biological control agents for controlling nematodes of tomato in Egypt
Authors: Abd-Elgawad Mahfouz M. M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTomato is a major vegetable crop in Egypt and worldwide. Yet, many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), especially Meloidogyne spp. and Rotylenchulus reniformis are a devastating threat to tomato cultivation in Egypt. This review addresses their biology, ecology, and economic importance from the standpoint of pest management. Soil treatment with synthetic nematicides has given some protection and enhanced tomato yields, but health hazards and environmental pollution are obstructing their intensive use. Moreover, some of such nematicides are being banned from the market. Therefore, safe biological control agents (BCAs) and their bioactive compounds should better be researched and developed to effectively replace hazardous nematicides. Abamectin, produced during the fermentation process of the actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis, is recommended to manage PPNs of tomato in Egypt but further exploration should allocate where BCAs can reliably act with other agricultural inputs. Examples are given herein to streamline their development via synergistic interaction with compatible inputs such as chemicals and organic manure. Moreover, optimizing their delivery, interaction, and persistence under field conditions through novel ways such as the use of endophytic fungi and bacteria as well as bioactive molecules/nano-particles that have systemic activity in the nematode-infected plants should further be investigated and broadly disseminated.
New traveling wave solutions of MHD micropolar fluid in porous medium
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Ahmed Arsalan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to determine the exact solutions of non-Newtonian fluid namely micropolar fluid with MHD in a porous medium by traveling wave method. The governing equations of incompressible micropolar fluid with MHD in a porous medium are non-linear PDEs reduced to ODEs through wave parameterξ=mx+ny+Ut. The set of new exact solutions are determined for five different cases. In special cases, the solution for micropolar fluid with and without MHD and porous effects can also be obtained from general solutions. Furthermore, these solution reduces to a Newtonian solution if we put vortex viscosityκ→0. Finally, the influence of the material and other parameters of interest on the fluid motion, as well as a comparison among micropolar and Newtonian fluids is also analyzed by 2D and 3D graphical illustrations.
Phase I/II Study of CPX-351 Followed by Fludarabine, Cytarabine, and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor for Children With Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Cooper Todd M. , Absalon Michael J. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Leger Kasey J. , Hirsch Betsy A. , Pollard Jessica , Razzouk Bassem I. , Aplenc Richard , Kolb E. Anders 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE Effective regimens are needed for children with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AAML1421 is a phase I/II study of CPX-351, a liposomal preparation of daunorubicin and cytarabine. AAML1421 sought to determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of CPX-351 and the response rate after up to 2 cycles of therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Children > 1 and ≤ 21 years of age with relapsed/refractory AML were eligible for dose finding; those in first relapse were eligible for the efficacy phase. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) assessment occurred during cycle 1. Two cycles of therapy were offered (cycle 1: CPX-351; cycle 2: FLAG [fludarabine 30 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5; cytarabine 2,000 mg/m2/dose on days 1-5; and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor 5 µg/kg/dose, days 1-5 and day 15 through absolute neutrophil count > 500/µL]). Response was assessed after each cycle. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients enrolled: 6 in the dose-finding phase and 32 in the efficacy phase. During dose finding, 1/6 patients experienced a DLT (grade 3 decrease in ejection fraction). The RP2D was 135 units/m2 on days 1, 3, and 5. Toxicities of grade ≥ 3 during cycle 1 included fever/neutropenia (45%), infection (47%), and rash (40%). There was no toxic mortality. Best responses included 20 complete response (CR; 54%), 5 CR with partial recovery of platelet count (CRp; 14%), and 5 CR with incomplete blood count recovery (14%). Twenty-one of 25 with CR/CRp had no detectable residual disease (RD; 84%) by flow cytometry. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was used as consolidation in 29/30 responders (96.7%); 20/25 (80%) had no RD before HSCT. CONCLUSION The RP2D of CPX-351 is 135 units/m2/dose on days 1, 3, and 5. Toxicity was manageable, and protocol therapy was effective. Response rates are superior to prior published North American cooperative group clinical trials for children with AML in first relapse.
A systematic review on diagnostic test accuracy of magnetic resonance neurography versus clinical neurosensory assessment for post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy in patients reporting neurosensory disturbance
Authors: Van der Cruyssen Frederic , Peeters Frederik , Croonenborghs Tomas-Marijn , Fransen Jasper , Renton Tara , Politis Constantinus , Casselman Jan , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:To perform a systematic review of published studies on diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) vs clinical neurosensory testing (NST) for post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) in patients reporting neurosensory disturbances (NSD).Methods:Human studies except case reports, reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were consulted. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. Predetermined data extraction parameters were noted and summarized.Results:8 studies met eligibility criteria of which 7 were retrospective, representing 444 subjects. Most studies were at high risk of bias with low applicability concerns. Populations and objectives were divergent with a large variation in timing (3 days–17 years post injury) and parameters (multiple coil designs, fat suppression techniques, additional contrast agent) of MRI acquisition. T2weighted 3 T imaging with short echo times (2.2–100 ms) and fat suppression was applied in seven studies, techniques varied. Determination of sensitivity and specificity could not be performed due to the methodological variation between studies and lacking comparative data between index and reference tests. Based on limited data, PTTN correlated reasonably well between clinical assessment, intraoperative findings and MRN abnormalities (k = 0.57). Increased signal intensity correlated with persistency of neurosensory disturbances in one study. Intra- (ICC 0.914–0.927) and interobserver (k = 0.70–0.891) MRN variability was considered good to excellent. One retrospective study showed substantial impact of MRN on clinical decision making in one-third of patients.Conclusion:Currently, there is insufficient scientific knowledge to support or refute the use of MRN. Based on limited data, MRN seems promising and reliable in detection and grading of PTTN. Methodological issues underline the importance for prospective blinded studies with standardization of signal intensity calculation and rigorous reporting of MRI acquisition parameters.
Effect of different biofloc starters on ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite concentrations in the cultured tilapia Oreochromis niloticus system
Authors: Putra Iskandar , Effendi Irwan , Lukistyowati Iesje , Tang Usman M. , Fauzi Muhammad , Suharman Indra , Muchlisin Zainal A. 
Published: May 2020

Background: High stocking density and intensive feeding in aquaculture systems lead to the accumulation of organic waste, which results in an increase in ammonia, nitrite, and nitrite concentrations in culture media. Biofloc is a potential technology to overcome this problem. The starter is a crucial carbon source for bacteria in the formation of biofloc. The objective of the present study aimed to explore the best starter of biofloc in a red tilapia Oreochromis niloticus culture system. Methods: A completely randomized design with four levels of treatment was used in this study. The tested starter was (A) control treatment, biofloc without starter, (B) biofloc with molasses starter, (C) biofloc with tapioca starter, and (D) biofloc with sucrose starter. The floc was cultured in 100-L tanks with a salinity of 17 ppt. The tanks were stocked with O. niloticus with a size of 3.71±0.11 cm at a stocking density of 30 fish per tank. The fish were fed on a commercial diet two times a day at satiation for 40 days. The ammonia, nitrite, and nitrite concentrations were measured for an interval of 8 days. Results: The study showed that the NH3-N range was 0.02–0.07 mg L−1 (mean, 0.03 ± 0.02 mg L−1), NO2-N range was 0.20–0.43 mg L−1 (mean, 0.25 ± 0.12 mg L−1), and NO3-N range was 0.90–3.20 mg L−1 (mean, 1.42 ± 1.19 mg L−1). Conclusion: Among the starters tested, molasses was found to be the best for biofloc in tilapia culture.
Protocol for systematic review of ethical declarations made in clinical publications concerning COVID-19
Authors: O'Sullivan Lydia , Killeen Ronan P. , Doran Peter , Crowley Rachel K. 
Published: May 2020

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus, designated SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for a global pandemic in 2020. Public interest in this disease has led to the publication of thousands of articles in the medical literature in a very short timeframe. It is imperative that medical research into COVID-19 is conducted quickly and safely, and that due reference is given to the ethical considerations enshrined in the ICH GCP guidelines, according to the Declaration of Helsinki. In order to review the reporting of ethical considerations in these papers, we hereby propose a protocol for a systematic review of COVID-19 papers up to April 14th 2020. The search criteria proposed for the review are based upon what would be a reasonable search conducted by a lay member of the public with access to PubMed.gov. It is proposed to publish the findings of the review with a summary of the institutional Research Ethics Committee response to the challenges of reviewing and approving clinical research proposals in the time of a pandemic.
Effectiveness of a personalized health profile on specificity of self-management goals among people living with HIV in Canada: a protocol for a blinded pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mozafarinia Maryam , Rajabiyazdi Fateme , Brouillette Marie-Josée , Fellows Lesley , Knäuper Bärbel , Mayo Nancy E. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Goal setting is a crucial element in self-management of chronic diseases. Personalized outcome feedback is needed for goal setting, a requirement for behavior change. This study contributes to the understanding of the specificity of patient-formulated self-management goals by testing the effectiveness of a personalized health outcome profile. Objective: To estimate among people living with HIV, to what extent providing feedback on their health outcomes, compared to no feedback, will affect number and specificity of patient-formulated self-management goals. Methods: A personalized health outcome profile has been produced for individuals enrolled in a Canadian HIV Brain Health Now cohort study at cohort entry and at the last recorded visit. Participants will be randomized to receive or not “My Personal Brain Health Dashboard” prior to a goal setting exercise. Self-defined goals in free text will be collected through an online platform. Intervention and control groups will receive instructions on goal setting and tips to improve brain health. A total of 420 participants are needed to detect a rate ratio (number of specific words/numbers of person-goals, intervention:control) of 1.5. Text mining techniques will be used to quantify goal specificity based on word matches with a goal-setting lexicon. The expectation is that the intervention group will set more goals and have more words matching the developed lexical than the control group. The total number of words per person-goals will be calculated for each group and Poisson regression will be used to estimate the rate ratio and 95% confidence intervals and compare rate ratios between men and women using an interaction term. Conclusions: This study will contribute to growing evidence for the value of person-reported health outcomes in tailoring interventions, and will provide a thorough understanding of the quality of person-defined goals using text mining. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT04175795, registered on 25th November 2019.
How Transparency into Internal and External Responsibility Initiatives Influences Consumer Choice
Authors: Buell Ryan W. , Kalkanci Basak 
Published: May 2020

Amid growing calls for transparency and social and environmental responsibility, companies are employing different strategies to improve consumer perceptions of their brands. Some pursue internal initiatives that reduce their negative social or environmental impacts through responsible operations practices (such as paying a living wage to workers or engaging in environmentally sustainable manufacturing). Others pursue external responsibility initiatives (such as philanthropy or cause-related marketing). Through two experiments conducted in the field and complementary online experiments, we compare how transparency into these internal and external initiatives affects customer perceptions and sales. We find that transparency into both internal and external responsibility initiatives tends to dominate generic brand marketing in motivating consumer purchases, supporting the view that consumers take companies’ responsibility efforts into account in their decision making. Furthermore, the results provide converging evidence that transparency into a company’s internal responsibility practices can be at least as motivating of consumer sales as transparency into its external responsibility initiatives, incrementally increasing a consumer’s probability of purchase by 6.40% and 45.85% across our two field experiments, conducted in social and environmental domains, respectively. Our results suggest that it may be in the interest of both business and society for managers to prioritize internal responsible operations initiatives to achieve both top- and bottom-line benefits while mitigating social and environmental harms.This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Robust Stochastic Optimization Made Easy with RSOME
Authors: Chen Zhi , Sim Melvyn , Xiong Peng 
Published: May 2020

We present a new distributionally robust optimization model called robust stochastic optimization (RSO), which unifies both scenario-tree-based stochastic linear optimization and distributionally robust optimization in a practicable framework that can be solved using the state-of-the-art commercial optimization solvers. We also develop a new algebraic modeling package, Robust Stochastic Optimization Made Easy (RSOME), to facilitate the implementation of RSO models. The model of uncertainty incorporates both discrete and continuous random variables, typically assumed in scenario-tree-based stochastic linear optimization and distributionally robust optimization, respectively. To address the nonanticipativity of recourse decisions, we introduce the event-wise recourse adaptations, which integrate the scenario-tree adaptation originating from stochastic linear optimization and the affine adaptation popularized in distributionally robust optimization. Our proposed event-wise ambiguity set is rich enough to capture traditional statistic-based ambiguity sets with convex generalized moments, mixture distribution, φ-divergence, Wasserstein (Kantorovich-Rubinstein) metric, and also inspire machine-learning-based ones using techniques such as K-means clustering and classification and regression trees. Several interesting RSO models, including optimizing over the Hurwicz criterion and two-stage problems over Wasserstein ambiguity sets, are provided. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, optimization.
A20 of nucleus pulposus cells plays a self-protection role via the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in the inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Peng Xin , Zhang Cong , Bao Jun-Ping , Zhu Lei , Shi Rui , Xie Zhi-Yang , Wang Feng , Wang Kun , Wu Xiao-tao 
Published: May 2020

AimsInflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiological process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). A20 (also known as tumour necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3)) is a ubiquitin-editing enzyme that restricts nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling. A20 prevents the occurrence of multiple inflammatory diseases. However, the role of A20 in the initiation of IDD has not been elucidated. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of A20 in senescence of TNF alpha (TNF-α)-induced nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs).MethodsImmunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the expression of A20 in normal and degenerated human intervertebral discs. The NPCs were dissected from the tail vertebrae of healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats and were cultured in the incubator. In the experiment, TNF-α was used to mimic the inflammatory environment of IDD. The cell viability and senescence were examined to investigate the effect of A20 on TNF-α-treated NPCs. The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA)-encoding proteins related to matrix macromolecules (collagen II, aggrecan) and senescence markers (p53, p16). Additionally, NF-κB/p65 activity of NPCs was detected within different test compounds.ResultsThe expression of A20 was upregulated in degenerate human intervertebral discs. The A20 levels of NPCs in TNF-α inflammatory microenvironments were dramatically higher than those of the control group. TNF-α significantly decreased cell proliferation potency but increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, the expression of senescence-associated proteins, the synthesis of extracellular matrix, and G1 cycle arrest. The senescence indicators and NF-κB/p65 expression of A20 downregulated group treated with TNF-α were significantly upregulated compared to TNF-α-treated normal NPCs.ConclusionA20 has a self-protective effect on the senescence of NPCs induced by TNF-α. The downregulation of A20 in NPCs exacerbated the senescence of NPCs induced by TNF-α. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(5):225–235.
Single-shot laser-scattering technique refined for the real-time monitoring and sizing of individual nanoparticles and nanobubbles in bulk water
Authors: Ando Kota , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Nakajima Takashi 
Published: May 2020

Understanding the growth dynamics and transport mechanism of nanoparticles/nanobubbles in a solution is an important issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Using a standard CMOS camera and a nanosecond laser at 532 nm, we demonstrate the far-field detection of polystyrene nanoparticles in bulk water. Conveniently, the sizes of individual nanoparticles are found to be reliably estimated from the brightness of scattering signals under the single laser pulses. Since the scattering efficiency of polystyrene nanoparticles is similar to that of nanobubbles, our results imply that the detection of nanobubbles in bulk solution is also possible.
Chip-based self-referencing using integrated lithium niobate waveguides
Authors: Okawachi Yoshitomo , Yu Mengjie , Desiatov Boris , Kim Bok Young , Hansson Tobias , Lončar Marko , Gaeta Alexander L. 
Published: May 2020

The measurement and stabilization of the carrier–envelope offset frequencyfCEOvia self-referencing is paramount for optical frequency comb generation, which has revolutionized precision frequency metrology, spectroscopy, and optical clocks. Over the past decade, the development of chip-scale platforms has enabled compact integrated waveguides for supercontinuum generation. However, there is a critical need for an on-chip self-referencing system that is adaptive to different pump wavelengths, requires low pulse energy, and does not require complicated processing. Here, we demonstrate efficientfCEOstabilization of a modelocked laser with only 107 pJ of pulse energy via self-referencing in an integrated lithium niobate waveguide. We realize anf-2finterferometer through second-harmonic generation and subsequent supercontinuum generation in a single dispersion-engineered waveguide with a stabilization performance equivalent to a conventional off-chip module. ThefCEObeatnote is measured over a pump wavelength range of 70 nm. We theoretically investigate our system using a single nonlinear envelope equation with contributions from both second- and third-order nonlinearities. Our modeling reveals rich ultrabroadband nonlinear dynamics and confirms that the initial second-harmonic generation followed by supercontinuum generation with the remaining pump is responsible for the generation of a strongfCEOsignal as compared to a traditionalf-2finterferometer. Our technology provides a highly simplified system that is robust, low in cost, and adaptable for precision metrology for use outside a research laboratory.