bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Turbine Center Frame Wakes on Downstream Rows in Heavy-Duty Low-Pressure Turbine
Authors: Biagiotti Sara , Bellucci Juri , Marconcini Michele , Arnone Andrea , Baldi Gino , Ignesti Mirko , Michelassi Vittorio , Tapinassi Libero 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, the effects of turbine center frame (TCF) wakes on the aeromechanical behavior of the downstream low-pressure turbine (LPT) blades are numerically investigated and compared with the experimental data. A small industrial gas turbine has been selected as a test case, composed of a TCF followed by the two low-pressure stages and a turbine rear frame (TRF) before the exhaust plenum. Full annulus unsteady computations of the whole low-pressure module have been performed. Two operating conditions, full (100%) and partial (50%) load, have been investigated with the aim of highlighting the impact of TCF wakes convection and diffusion through the downstream rows. Attention was paid to the harmonic content of rotors’ blades. The results show a slower decay of the wakes through the downstream rows in off-design conditions compared with the design point. The analysis of the rotors’ frequency spectrum reveals that moving from design to off-design conditions, the effect of the TCF does not change significantly. The harmonic contribution of all turbine components has been extracted, highlighting the effect of statoric parts on the last LPT blade. The TCF harmonic content remains the most relevant from an aeromechanic point of view as per experimental evidence, and it is considered for an forced response analysis (FRA) on the last LPT blade itself. Finally, aerodynamic and aeromechanic predictions have been compared with the experimental data to validate the numerical approach. Some general design solutions aimed at mitigating the TCF wakes impact are discussed.
Investigation into a Combined Inverted Brayton and Rankine Cycle
Authors: Kennedy Ian , Duda Tomasz , Liu Zheng , Ceen Bob , Jones Andy , Copeland Colin D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Waste heat recovery is a vitally important technology to address increasingly stringent emissions legislation and environmental concerns over CO2. One such means of recovering thermal energy is the inverted Brayton cycle (IBC). This paper presents an experimental study of a novel combination of the IBC with a Rankine cycle for the first time. The IBC requires cooling of the exhaust gases after expansion. If the gases contain water vapor, as is the case for hydrocarbon combustion, and cold enough coolant is available, the water can be condensed, pressurized, and reboiled for expansion in a Rankine cycle. The steam produced from the cycle can be utilized in a number of ways. In this study, steam is injected through a series of de Laval nozzles directed into the main turbine to produce additional shaft power in a compact arrangement. To minimize the size of the system, additive manufacturing was used for the heat exchangers, giving high performance per unit volume. The study demonstrates the feasibility of the cycle in producing power from waste heat using humid gas that already is present in most applications. The experimental results show that the system is able to generate power at very low exhaust temperatures where the standard IBC would cease to operate. With an IBC inlet temperature of 370 °C, approximately 5 kJ/kg of specific shaft work was produced with 5 g/s of steam flowrate. At higher exhaust temperatures, the IBC and the Rankine cycle started to work together to increase the shaft power resulting in much higher specific work. At 620 °C, a specific shaft work of 41 kJ/kg was generated at a steam flow of 9 g/s. For the present turbomachinery sizes, this corresponded to 1933 W of power at 47 g/s of main exhaust flow. A model of the thermodynamic system was created in order to study the sensitivity of the system to parameters such as the steam expander pressure ratio and efficiency. Higher steam pressure and higher steam expander efficiency both led to greater power generated for the same operating point, particularly at high IBC turbine inlet temperatures. The peak specific work for the range of parameters explored in the paper was 68 kJ/kg with a steam expander efficiency of 70% and exhaust conditions of 600 °C and 50 g/s. The plots produced in this study can be used as a guide for others considering this system to understand the expected power generated under a range of conditions.
Fixed-Time Fault-Tolerant Attitude Tracking Control for Rigid Spacecraft
Authors: Wang Zeng , Su Yuxin , Zhang Liyin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses the fixed-time attitude tracking problem of rigid spacecraft with inertial uncertainties, external disturbances, and partial loss of actuator effectiveness faults. A new fixed-time terminal sliding surface is proposed and a singularity-free fixed-time fault-tolerant sliding mode control (FTSMC) is designed. It is proved that the proposed FTSMC can ensure that the attitude tracking errors converge to an arbitrary small bound centered on the equilibrium point within fixed time and then go to the equilibrium point asymptotically. The appealing features of the proposed control are fixed-time tracking stability featuring fast convergence, high precision, and strong robustness. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Investigation of Strip Warpage Behavior in Wire Bonding Process
Authors: Chuang Wan-Chun , Chen Wei-Long 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study successfully established a strip warpage simulation model that is applied to the wire bonding process, and explored the effects of structural designs, material types, and processes such as molding, post and mold cure (PMC), pretreatment, and ball mounts on the strip warpage. The error between the experimental values and the simulation values is less than 13.7%. In addition, the Taguchi method is used to determine that the key factors affecting the strip warpage are the die thickness and the mold compound thickness, and that the secondary key factor is the molding temperature. This study concluded that in order to reduce strip warpage, the die thickness must be increased, while the compound thickness and the molding temperature must be decreased. To solve this problem, the structural design criteria proposed in this study use a smaller distance ratio of the neutral axis of the strip (zn) to the dice centroid (zdie). With this modification, it can reduce warpage and overall thickness of the strip. These observations indicate that the proposed model can be used to understand the effects of structural design, material types, and process parameter changes on the strip warpage. Strip design criteria are also provided in order to reduce the strip warpage, and thus, meet the requirement of thin and compact production lines, accelerate product development cycles, improve product quality, and reduce development costs.
A Modified Constitutive Model With Grain Rotation for Superplastic Forming of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy
Authors: Yang Junzhou , Wu Jianjun , Yang Dongshen , Wang Qishuai , Wang Kaiwei , Zhang Zengkun , Wang Mingzhi , Muzamil Muhammad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A physically based constitutive model with internal state variables (ISVs) is established, it is used to describe the flow stress and microstructure evolution of Ti–6Al–4V alloy in the superplastic forming (SPF). The ISVs in the constitutive model includes the dislocation density, grain size, and the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization. The flow stress consists of σfd, σta, and σGB, which are related to forest dislocation, thermal activation, and grain boundary sliding (GBS), respectively. The material constants of the constitutive model are determined, and the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. A modeling method path to optimize the flow stress model is established, which is on the basis of the errors between the predicted and experimental flow stresses. In the modified flow stress constitutive model, the grain rotation (GR) is applied as a hardening mechanism, and the void is treated as a softening mechanism. A new GR model is proposed to describe the flow stress which is related to the GR. The modified constitutive model can accurately predict the evolution of yield stress, grain size and flow stress in SPF. With the calculation results of the multi-scales constitutive model, the mechanism of Ti–6Al–4V in SPF is discussed, and a new deformation map with dominant mechanisms for Ti–6Al–4V is obtained.
<p class="Body"><strong>Two new species of Colomerini (Acariformes: Eriophyidae: Cecidophyinae) associated with <em>Combretum </em>and <em>Bauhinia </em>plants from China</strong></p>
Authors: Tan Meng Chao , Ruan Hong Yan , Wang Guo Quan 
Published: October 2019

Two new species of the tribe Colomerini from China are described and illustrated. These species are Isoannulus baishaensis sp. nov. collected from Combretum indicum (L.) DeFilipps (Combretaceae), and Gammaphytoptus diaoluoshanensis sp. nov. found on Bauhinia sp. (Leguminosae). All are vagrants causing no damage to the host plants.
Does Mathematical Coupling Matter to the Acute to Chronic Workload Ratio? A Case Study From Elite Sport
Authors: Coyne Joseph O.C. , Nimphius Sophia , Newton Robert U. , Haff G. Gregory 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Criticisms of the acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR) have been that the mathematical coupling inherent in the traditional calculation of the ACWR results in a spurious correlation. The purposes of this commentary are (1) to examine how mathematical coupling causes spurious correlations and (2) to use a case study from actual monitoring data to determine how mathematical coupling affects the ACWR. Methods: Training and competition workload (TL) data were obtained from international-level open-skill (basketball) and closed-skill (weightlifting) athletes before their respective qualifying tournaments for the 2016 Olympic Games. Correlations between acute TL, chronic TL, and the ACWR as coupled/uncoupled variations were examined. These variables were also compared using both rolling averages and exponentially weighted moving averages to account for any potential benefits of one calculation method over another. Results: Although there were some significant differences between coupled and uncoupled chronic TL and ACWR data, the effect sizes of these differences were almost all trivial (g = 0.04–0.21). Correlations ranged from r = .55 to .76, .17 to .53, and .88 to .99 for acute to chronic TL, acute to uncoupled chronic TL, and ACWR to uncoupled ACWR, respectively. Conclusions: There may be low risk of mathematical coupling causing spurious correlations in the TL–injury-risk relationship. Varying levels of correlation seem to exist naturally between acute and chronic TL variables regardless of coupling. The trivial to small effect sizes and large to nearly perfect correlations between coupled and uncoupled AWCRs also imply that mathematical coupling may have little effect on either calculation method, if practitioners choose to apply the ACWR for TL monitoring purposes.
Longitudinal Changes in the Physical Development of Elite Adolescent Rugby Union Players: Effect of Playing Position and Body Mass Change
Authors: Casserly Niall , Neville Ross , Ditroilo Massimiliano , Grainger Adam 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The well-being of elite rugby union players has been intensely scrutinised in recent years. Understanding the longitudinal development of physical traits in junior players, alongside the moderating effect of simultaneous increases in body mass, can aid in improving programming and ultimately help junior players prepare for the demands of senior rugby. The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal physical development of elite adolescent backs and forwards in a professional rugby union academy. Methods: A total of 15 players (age, 17.0 [0.2] y; body mass, 90 [14] kg; height, 183 [9] cm; n = 7 backs, n = 8 forwards) completed anthropometric measures and 3 primary performance assessments (countermovement jump, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, and 10-m speed) at baseline, year 2, and year 3. Mixed modelling was used to assess player development over time and differences in this development by playing position. Magnitude-based inferencing was used to assess the uncertainty in the effects. Results: There was a substantial increase in countermovement jump height for both groups combined (0.9, ±0.4; standardized improvement, ±90% confidence limits; most likely substantial). Forwards exhibited a moderate-sized decrease in speed (−1.0, ±0.5; very likely substantial), and there was a large difference between groups with regards to speed change with backs outperforming forwards (1.5, ±0.9; very likely substantial). For forward, body mass change had a large negative association with 10-m speed (−1.9, ±0.7; most likely substantial) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 change (−1.2, ±0.9; very likely substantial). Conclusion: These findings provide novel normative data for longitudinal changes in junior rugby union players and suggest that coaches should account for changes in body mass when targeting increases in speed and aerobic fitness.
Identifying entrustable professional activities for surgical skills training in companion animal health
Authors: Favier Robert P , Godijn Marjolein , Bok Harold G J 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundVeterinary medical education is increasingly moving towards outcome‐based training based on competency frameworks. A source of concern is the translation of competencies into the practice of clinical teaching, for example, surgical skills training. It is suggested that the use of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) might bridge this gap. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to identify EPAs related to surgical skills for companion animal health to enhance competency‐based education.MethodsDraft versions of EPAs related to surgical skills were established by an iterative consensus‐based approach through 45‐min interview sessions. These draft versions were used to explore the opinion of companion animal veterinarians, both veterinarians (specialists, residents and interns) involved in undergraduate teaching and veterinarians working in private practice involved in extramural clinical teaching, on the relevance and level of entrustment of the EPAs through a modified Delphi procedure. Mean (relevance) and median (level of entrustment) scores were calculated and textual comments were analysed to create a final framework of EPAs related to surgical skills.Results and conclusionThe Delphi panel reached consensus in three rounds. Thirty‐four per cent of those invited to participate in the study completed the final survey. Finally, a list of 13 EPAs related to companion animal surgical skills a student should be entrusted to perform at time of graduation was established.
Not All SLAPs Are Created Equal: A Comparison of Patients with Planned and Incidental SLAP Repair Procedures
Authors: Dougherty Mark C. , Kulenkamp J. Erik , Boyajian Haroutioun , Koh Jason L. , Lee Michael J. , Shi Lewis L. 
Published: October 2019

Background. EpidemiologicalIt is very important for the corresponding author to have a linked ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) account on MTS. To register a linked ORCID account, please go to the Account Update page (http://mts.hindawi.com/update/) in our Manuscript Tracking System and after you have logged in click on the ORCID link at the top of the page. This link will take you to the ORCID website where you will be able to create an account for yourself. Once you have done so, your new ORCID will be saved in our Manuscript Tracking System automatically."?> studies have shown a progressive increase in the rate of superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) repair surgery after the year 2000. However, it is not clear whether this is due to increased recognition of isolated SLAP tears or increased SLAP repair performed secondarily during arthroscopy for other purposes. Hypothesis/Purpose. We hypothesized that both isolated SLAP repair and secondary SLAP repair increased with time and that patient age influenced the pathway to SLAP diagnosis and surgery—such that younger patients were more likely to have isolated SLAP repair surgery after being diagnosed in clinic. Study Design. Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods. Data were obtained from the MarketScan database from 2003 to 2013. CPT and ICD-9 codes were used to identify SLAP surgery patients and concomitant procedures. The timing of SLAP diagnosis relative to surgery was used to determine whether the injury was recognized preoperatively. Results. 64,497 SLAP surgery patients were included. Preoperative SLAP diagnosis increased from 17.1% in 2003 to 44.6% in 2013. Patients diagnosed preoperatively were younger and had fewer concomitant procedures. Increasing age and concomitant rotator cuff tear (RCT) repair corresponded to lower odds of preoperative SLAP diagnosis. Discussion. Younger patients were more likely to have their SLAP tear diagnosed prior to surgery. Those diagnosed before surgery had fewer simultaneous procedures during their operations, suggesting that SLAP repair was more likely the primary operation. From 2003 to 2013, SLAP tears were increasingly recognized in the preoperative setting.
Dietary Saturated Fat Promotes Arrhythmia by Activating NOX2 (NADPH Oxidase 2)
Authors: Joseph Leroy C. , Avula Uma Mahesh R. , Wan Elaine Y. , Reyes Michael V. , Lakkadi Kundanika R. , Subramanyam Prakash , Nakanishi Koki , Homma Shunichi , Muchir Antoine , Pajvani Utpal B. , Thorp Edward B. , Reiken Steven R. , Marks Andrew R. , Colecraft Henry M. , Morrow John P. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Obesity and diets high in saturated fat increase the risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. However, the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesized that an increase in dietary saturated fat could lead to abnormalities of calcium homeostasis and heart rhythm by a NOX2 (NADPH oxidase 2)-dependent mechanism.

Methods:
We investigated this hypothesis by feeding mice high-fat diets. In vivo heart rhythm telemetry, optical mapping, and isolated cardiac myocyte imaging were used to quantify arrhythmias, repolarization, calcium transients, and intracellular calcium sparks.

Results:

We found that saturated fat activates NOX (NADPH oxidase), whereas polyunsaturated fat does not. The high saturated fat diet increased repolarization heterogeneity and ventricular tachycardia inducibility in perfused hearts. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of NOX2 prevented arrhythmogenic abnormalities in vivo during high statured fat diet and resulted in less inducible ventricular tachycardia. High saturated fat diet activates CaMK (Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) in the heart, which contributes to abnormal calcium handling, promoting arrhythmia.

Conclusions:
We conclude that NOX2 deletion or pharmacological inhibition prevents the arrhythmogenic effects of a high saturated fat diet, in part mediated by activation of CaMK. This work reveals a molecular mechanism linking cardiac metabolism to arrhythmia and suggests that NOX2 inhibitors could be a novel therapy for heart rhythm abnormalities caused by cardiac lipid overload.
Association Between Low Blood Pressure and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Verschoof Merelijne A. , Groot Adrien E. , Vermeij Jan-Dirk , Westendorp Willeke F. , van den Berg Sophie A. , Nederkoorn Paul J. , van de Beek Diederik , Coutinho Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Low blood pressure is uncommon in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We assessed the association between baseline low blood pressure and outcomes in patients with AIS.

Methods—
Post hoc analysis of the PASS (Preventive Antibiotics in Stroke Study). We compared patients with AIS and low (<10th percentile) baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) to patients with normal SBP (≥10th percentile <185 mm Hg). The first SBP measured at the Emergency Department was used. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, major complications <7 days of stroke onset, and functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin scale score). We used regression analysis to calculate (common) odds ratios and adjusted for predefined prognostic factors.

Results—
Two thousand one hundred twenty-four out of 2538 patients had AIS. The cutoff for low SBP was 130 mm Hg (n=212; range, 70–129 mm Hg). One thousand four hundred forty patients had a normal SBP (range, 130–184 mm Hg). Low SBP was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (8.0% versus 4.2%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.13–2.21) and complications (16.0% versus 6.5%; aOR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.60–4.10). Specifically, heart failure (2.4% versus 0.1%; aOR, 17.85; 95% CI, 3.36–94.86), gastrointestinal bleeding (1.9% versus 0.1%; aOR, 26.04; 95% CI, 2.83–239.30), and sepsis (3.3% versus 0.5%; aOR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.84–16.67) were more common in patients with low SBP. Functional outcome at 90 days did not differ (shift towards worse outcome: adjusted common odds ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.95–1.61).

Conclusions—
Whether it is cause or consequence, low SBP at presentation in patients with AIS was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality and complications, specifically heart failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, and sepsis. Clinicians should be vigilant for potentially treatable complications.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN66140176.
The Treatment of Public Health Measures Affecting Intellectual Property Under Multilateral and Plurilateral Trade and Investment Agreements
Authors: Davison Mark , Emerton Patrick 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article considers the interpretation of provisions in international economic agreements that protect intellectual property as they relate to public health measures, and in particular to restrictions on the use of tobacco trademarks. A series of decisions, most recently the World Trade Organization (WTO) panel decision holding that Australia’s plain packaging measures for tobacco products comply with WTO obligations, allow for some generalisations. These include: (1) the nature of intellectual property rights is to confer a privilege of exclusive use on the rights-holder; (2) the interpretation of generally-worded treaty provisions is apt to be informed by recognition of the power of States to regulate for the purposes of public health; and (3) where provisions contain their own specifically-worded balancing tests, any direct or indirect reference to regulation for public health contained in the treaty is likely to be treated as weighing very heavily in favour of the legality of regulatory measures.