bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invariant spectral foliations with applications to model order reduction and synthesis
Authors: Szalai Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper introduces a technique that decomposes the dynamics of a nonlinear system about an equilibrium into low-order components, which then can be used to reconstruct the full dynamics. This is a nonlinear analogue of linear modal analysis. The dynamics is decomposed using Invariant Spectral Foliation (ISF), which is defined as the smoothest invariant foliation about an equilibrium and hence unique under general conditions. The conjugate dynamics of an ISF can be used as a reduced order model. An ISF can be fitted to vibration data without carrying out a model identification first. The theory is illustrated on a analytic example and on free-vibration data of a clamped-clamped beam.
The philosophy of Vladimir Solovyov as the subject matter of Yuri Govorukha-Otrok’s literary criticism
Authors: Zakharova Elizaveta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVladimir Solovyov’s aesthetic theory has been the subject of much research. However, aesthetic views of the philosopher’s contemporaries are analyzed less frequently. The purpose of this article is to consider the views of Yuri Govorukha-Otrok on the aesthetic ideas of Solovyov in relation to the issues of national identity. Despite the discrepancy in the interpretation of such concepts as “culture,” “national idea,” or “truth” the very fact of the polemics between the philosopher and the literary critic proves the continuity of the religious and the philosophical dimensions of literary criticism. This study analyzes Govorukha-Otrok’s critical papers of Solovyov’s work, allowing for the possibility to compare integral ideological and philosophical systems in order to understand the influence of Govorukha-Otrok’s views on the whole body of Solovyov’s ideas.
Talk2Nav: Long-Range Vision-and-Language Navigation with Dual Attention and Spatial Memory
Authors: Vasudevan Arun Balajee , Dai Dengxin , Van Gool Luc 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe role of robots in society keeps expanding, bringing with it the necessity of interacting and communicating with humans. In order to keep such interaction intuitive, we provide automatic wayfinding based on verbal navigational instructions. Our first contribution is the creation of a large-scale dataset with verbal navigation instructions. To this end, we have developed an interactive visual navigation environment based on Google Street View; we further design an annotation method to highlight mined anchor landmarks and local directions between them in order to help annotators formulate typical, human references to those. The annotation task was crowdsourced on the AMT platform, to construct a new Talk2Nav dataset with 10, 714 routes. Our second contribution is a new learning method. Inspired by spatial cognition research on the mental conceptualization of navigational instructions, we introduce a soft dual attention mechanism defined over the segmented language instructions to jointly extract two partial instructions—one for matching the next upcoming visual landmark and the other for matching the local directions to the next landmark. On the similar lines, we also introduce spatial memory scheme to encode the local directional transitions. Our work takes advantage of the advance in two lines of research: mental formalization of verbal navigational instructions and training neural network agents for automatic way finding. Extensive experiments show that our method significantly outperforms previous navigation methods. For demo video, dataset and code, please refer to ourproject page.
Social constructionism and climate science denial
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt has been much debated whether epistemic relativism in academia, for instance in the form of social constructivism, the strong programme, deconstructionism, and postmodernism, has paved the way for the recent upsurge in science denial, in particular climate science denial. In order to provide an empirical basis for this discussion, an extensive search of the social science literature was performed. It showed that in the 1990s, climate science was a popular target among academic epistemic relativists. In particular, many STS scholars used it as an allegedly clear example of claims by natural scientists that should be treated as mere social constructions, rather than as reports on the actual state of the natural world. A few connections between social constructivists and corporate science denialism were also uncovered, but the extent of such connections could not be determined. With few exceptions, the stream of criticism of climate science from academic relativists has dwindled since the 1990s. One reason for this seems to be that the contrarian position lost its attraction when it became associated with corporate and right-wing propagandists.
The effect of liraglutide on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Xueyang , Bai Ran , Jia Yong , Zong Junwei , Wang Yongbo , Dong Yanan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThe objective is to investigate the effects of liraglutide on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and methodsThirty-two patients with T2DM and NAFLD admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from December 2014 to December 2016 were selected, including 11 females and 21 males, aged 39.34 ± 8.54 years old. The patients were given liraglutide on the basis of their original hypoglycemic regimen.ResultsAfter 3 months treatment of liraglutide, FPG was reduced from 8.54 ± 2.21 mmol/L to 6.90 ± 1.73 mmol/L. HbA1c was reduced from 9.72 ± 1.95 to 7.78 ± 1.99. WC was reduced from 103.27 ± 9.92 kg to 93.97 ± 8.35 kg. BMI was reduced from 30.56 ± 4.06 kg/m2to 28.01 ± 3.12 kg/m2. FLI was reduced from 79.23 ± 16.56 to 58.83 ± 19.75. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). TG was reduced from 2.95 ± 2.13 mmol/L to 2.27 ± 1.31 mmol/L. The difference was significant (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, HOMA-IR was reduced from 1.504 ± 0.002 to 1.503 ± 0.002. GGT was reduced from 62.63 ± 71.61 U/L to 38.13 ± 30.13 U/L. AST was reduced from 27.25 ± 13.74 U/L to 25.44 ± 16.69 U/L. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). After treatment, FCP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, and HOMA-β were also improved compared with before treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionIn addition to effectively lowering glucose and improving islet resistance, liraglutide could also improve obesity and adjust blood lipids. However, the improvement of islet function might not be significant after 3 months of treatment. Liraglutide could reduce liver fat accumulation in patients with T2DM and NAFLD.
Metropolitan Reclassification and the Urbanization of Rural America
Authors: Johnson Kenneth M. , Lichter Daniel T. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We highlight the paradoxical implications of decadal reclassification of U.S. counties (and America’s population) from nonmetropolitan to metropolitan status between 1960 and 2017. Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau, we show that the reclassification of U.S. counties has been a significant engine of metropolitan growth and nonmetropolitan decline. Over the study period, 753—or nearly 25% of all nonmetropolitan counties—were redefined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as metropolitan, shifting nearly 70 million residents from nonmetropolitan to metropolitan America by 2017. All the growth since 1970 in the metropolitan share of the U.S. population came from reclassification rather than endogenous growth in existing metropolitan areas. Reclassification of nonmetropolitan counties also had implications for drawing appropriate inferences about rural poverty, population aging, education, and economic growth. The paradox is that these many nonmetropolitan “winners”—those experiencing population and economic growth—have, over successive decades, left behind many nonmetropolitan counties with limited prospects for growth. Our study provides cautionary lessons regarding the commonplace narrative of widespread rural decline and economic malaise but also highlights the interdependent demographic fates of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties.
Disaster Risk Science: A Geographical Perspective and a Research Framework
Authors: Shi Peijun , Ye Tao , Wang Ying , Zhou Tao , Xu Wei , Du Juan , Wang Jing’ai , Li Ning , Huang Chongfu , Liu Lianyou , Chen Bo , Su Yun , Fang Weihua , Wang Ming , Hu Xiaobin , Wu Jidong , He Chunyang , Zhang Qiang , Ye Qian , Jaeger Carlo , Okada Norio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we recall the United Nations’ 30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework, review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations disaster risk reduction initiatives, and summarize the framework and contents of disaster risk science research. The object of disaster risk science research is the “disaster system” consisting of hazard, the geographical environment, and exposed units, with features of regionality, interconnectedness, coupling, and complexity. Environmental stability, hazard threat, and socioeconomic vulnerability together determine the way that disasters are formed, establish the spatial extent of disaster impact, and generate the scale of losses. In the formation of a disaster, a conducive environment is the prerequisite, a hazard is the necessary condition, and socioeconomic exposure is the sufficient condition. The geographical environment affects local hazard intensity and therefore can change the pattern of loss distribution. Regional multi-hazard, disaster chain, and disaster compound could induce complex impacts, amplifying or attenuating hazard intensity and changing the scope of affected areas. In the light of research progress, particularly in the context of China, we propose a three-layer disaster risk science disciplinary structure, which contains three pillars (disaster science, disaster technology, and disaster governance), nine core areas, and 27 research fields. Based on these elements, we discuss the frontiers in disaster risk science research.
Cytokine storm in aged people with CoV-2: possible role of vitamins as therapy or preventive strategy
Authors: Fiorino Sirio , Gallo Claudio , Zippi Maddalena , Sabbatani Sergio , Manfredi Roberto , Moretti Renzo , Fogacci Elisa , Maggioli Caterina , Travasoni Loffredo Francesca , Giampieri Enrico , Corazza Ivan , Dickmans Christoph , Denitto Claudio , Cammarosano Michele , Battilana Michele , Orlandi Paolo Emilio , Del Forno Francesco , Miceli Francesco , Visani Michela , Acquaviva Giorgia , De Leo Antonio , Leandri Paolo , Hong Wandong , Brand Thomas , Tallini Giovanni , Jovine Elio , Jovine Roberto , de Biase Dario 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn December 2019, a novel human-infecting coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, had emerged. The WHO has classified the epidemic as a “public health emergency of international concern”. A dramatic situation has unfolded with thousands of deaths, occurring mainly in the aged and very ill people. Epidemiological studies suggest that immune system function is impaired in elderly individuals and these subjects often present a deficiency in fat-soluble and hydrosoluble vitamins.MethodsWe searched for reviews describing the characteristics of autoimmune diseases and the available therapeutic protocols for their treatment. We set them as a paradigm with the purpose to uncover common pathogenetic mechanisms between these pathological conditions and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we searched for studies describing the possible efficacy of vitamins A, D, E, and C in improving the immune system function.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 infection induces strong immune system dysfunction characterized by the development of an intense proinflammatory response in the host, and the development of a life-threatening condition defined as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This leads to acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), mainly in aged people. High mortality and lethality rates have been observed in elderly subjects with CoV-2-related infection.ConclusionsVitamins may shift the proinflammatory Th17-mediated immune response arising in autoimmune diseases towards a T-cell regulatory phenotype. This review discusses the possible activity of vitamins A, D, E, and C in restoring normal antiviral immune system function and the potential therapeutic role of these micronutrients as part of a therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Ethnic and Gender Differences in 10-Year Coronary Heart Disease Risk: a Cross-Sectional Study in Hawai‘i
Authors: Ing Claire Townsend , Ahn Hyeong Jun , Kawakami Rachel , Grandinetti Andrew , Seto Todd B. , Kaholokula Joseph Keawe’aimoku 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US. In Hawai‘i, Filipinos and Native Hawaiians have the highest rates of CVD-related risk factors. CVD risk across these ethnic groups has not been examined. This cross-sectional study examines 10-year CVD risk as determined by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) across ethnic groups in Hawai‘i, controlling for clinical, demographic, and psychosocial factors.MethodsThis study includes secondary data analysis of the Kohala Health Research Project dataset. All non-pregnant adults (≥ 18 years of age) who resided in the community of interest during the study period were eligible to participate with 1462 participants completing the clinical examination and surveys. This analysis included clinical, demographic, and psychosocial variables. Ethnic differences were examined using the chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA. Multiple linear regression on FRS was conducted and least square means of FRS were calculated.ResultsData from 1146 individuals were analyzed. Participants were 44.4% Native Hawaiian, 15.4% Filipino, 15.3% Japanese, and 25% non-Hispanic White; 55.4% were female and had a mean age of 48.8 years. For males, the unadjusted Japanese mean FRS was significantly higher compared with the other ethnic groups. For females, Filipino and Japanese mean FRS were significantly higher compared with Native Hawaiians and non-Hispanic Whites. In the fully adjusted model, there were no ethnic group differences in FRS among males and Filipinos had significantly higher FRS compared with non-Hispanic White among females.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional community-based epidemiological study examined ethnic differences in CVD risk after adjusting for age, depression, social support, and acculturation. The results suggest that some ethnic differences in CVD risk persist even after controlling for confounders but that recalibration of risk assessment is necessary.
Effects of computerized grapho-phonological training on literacy acquisition and vocabulary knowledge in children with an immigrant background learning German as L2
Authors: Konerding Marita , Bergström Kirstin , Lachmann Thomas , Klatte Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a consequence of globalization and migration, the number of children receiving literacy instruction in their second language (L2) is high and still increasing. Therefore, teachers need instruction methods that are effective in both L1 and L2 learners. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of a computerized training program combining phoneme perception, phonological awareness, and systematic phonics, in a sample of second-graders (N = 26) instructed in German as L2. Based on prior evidence concerning (1) literacy acquisition in L2 and (2) effects of literacy development on oral language abilities, we expected significant training effects on children’s literacy skills and vocabulary knowledge. The children of the training group worked through the program during school lessons, 20 min per day, for a period of 8 weeks. The controls continued to receive standard classroom instruction. German tests of phonological awareness, reading, spelling, and vocabulary were performed at three time points (pretest, immediate posttest, and follow-up after 9 weeks). Analyses confirmed that improvements in phonological awareness, spelling, and vocabulary between pretest and posttest were stronger in the training group when compared to the controls. For spelling and vocabulary, these effects were still significant at follow-up. Effect sizes were medium to high. For the reading measures, no group differences were found. In sum, the results yield further evidence for the effectiveness of phonics-based literacy instruction in L2 learners, and for the beneficial effects of basic literacy skills on novel word learning.
Können Viertklässlerinnen und Viertklässer Unterrichtsqualität valide einschätzen? Ergebnisse zum Fach Deutsch
Authors: Stahns Ruven , Rieser Svenja , Hußmann Anke 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung der Dimensionen Klassenführung, konstruktive Unterstützung und kognitive Aktivierung für erfolgreiche Lernprozesse von Schüler(inne)n ist Gegenstand aktueller Studien zum Unterricht unterschiedlicher Fächer. InLarge-Scale-Studien wird der Unterricht häufig aus der Perspektive von Schüler(inne)n eingeschätzt. Die Validität dieser Einschätzungen wird kritisch diskutiert. Im Rahmen derInternationalen Grundschul-Lese-Untersuchung 2016(IGLU) wurden Viertklässler(innen) gebeten, ihren Deutschunterricht hinsichtlich einiger Merkmale einzuschätzen, die diesen drei Dimensionen zugeordnet werden können. In der vorliegenden Studie wird zur Prüfung der Validität dieser Einschätzungen untersucht, ob die Kinder in ihren Urteilen zwischen den drei Dimensionen differenzieren und ob sich Zusammenhänge zwischen den Einschätzungen und der Leseleistung der Grundschüler(innen) zeigen. Die Datengrundlage der Untersuchung bilden Angaben der im Rahmen von IGLU 2016 befragten Viertklässler(innen) (N = 3797, 192 Klassen) und die Leistungswerte aus dem IGLU-Lesetest. Mittels konfirmatorischer Mehrebenen-Faktorenanalysen wird geprüft, ob sich eine Struktur mit drei Faktoren in den Daten aus den Fragebogenerhebungen findet. Die Zusammenhänge mit der Leistung werden mithilfe von doppelt-latenten Mehrebenen-Regressionsmodellen geschätzt. Die drei Dimensionen lassen sich mit den Daten abbilden. Zudem hängt die Einschätzung der Klassenführung auf individueller Ebene und auf Klassenebene mit der Leseleistung zusammen. Die Einschätzung der kognitiven Aktivierung hängt auf Klassenebene mit der Leistung zusammen. Für die konstruktive Unterstützung lässt sich auf individueller Ebene ein bedeutsamer Zusammenhang nachweisen. Werden die drei Dimensionen gemeinsam in einem Modell betrachtet, sind die Zusammenhänge mit der Leistung auf Klassenebene nicht mehr nachzuweisen.
Fabrication of Ceramic, Hollow-Fiber Membrane: The Effect of Bauxite Content and Sintering Temperature
Authors: Ismail Nurul Jannah , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Abu Bakar Suriani , Jaafar Juhana , Rahman Mukhlis A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe negative effects of dye-contaminated wastewater on humans and the environment are well known, so the wastewater must be treated carefully before discharge into the environment. To overcome those impacts, the search for environmentally friendly and low-cost materials is essential, especially in developing countries The objective of the present study was to determine the feasibility of using bauxite from Malaysia as a new and efficient ceramic, hollow-fiber membrane for the degradation of reactive dyes in wastewater. A porous, hollow-fiber membrane was fabricated from bauxite (BHFM) using a phase-inversion technique, followed by sintering at various temperatures. The BHFM consisted of two types of voids, having either a finger-like or a sponge-like structure. As the sintering temperature was increased, the porosity of the BHFM decreased from 46.5 to 9.5%. The greatest mechanical strength of 308.1 MPa was achieved when the BHFM was loaded with 55 wt.% of bauxite and sintered at 1450°C. The remaining 45 wt.% consisted of solvent, polymer binder, and dispersant. The BHFM functioned well as a membrane for microfiltration and a support membrane for ultrafiltration. BHFM with loading of 45 wt.%, 50 wt.%, and 55 wt.% successfully eliminated 90%, 94%, and 98% of 10 ppm reactive dye (RB5) when sintered at the highest temperature.
Electricity infrastructure and innovation in the next phase of energy transition—amendments to the technology innovation system framework
Authors: Bettin Steffen S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new phase of energy transition makes auxiliary technologies such as energy storage and other flexibility options more important. Economic policy that aims to steer this transition needs to grasp the complex system dynamics underlying energy and society. This conceptual article gives an overview of energy technology innovation theories that exemplify the growing importance of flexibility for electricity usage. First, the article presents different conceptualizations of technology innovation and diffusion. Second, how energy systems are embedded in physical infrastructures and social power relations is shown with a brief history of electricity in contemporary industrialized societies. Third, energy innovation is discussed in context of challenges of the upcoming energy transition. Fourth, energy technology innovations are further contextualized in light of insights from political economy and energy social sciences. Finally, the discussed approaches are synthesized to amend the holistic technology innovation system approach for studying energy technology innovations such as energy storage.
Perioperative mortality at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia: A longitudinal study design
Authors: Tarekegn Fantahun , Asfaw Gebrehiwot , Mossie Mulat 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Perioperative mortality rate is the basic indicator of anesthesia and surgery safety in a country of health policy. However, documentation is poor in low and middle income countries. So we developed a simple prospective data collection tool for perioperative mortality determination at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia.

Material and methods:
The prospective electronic based data collection was done at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia with case specific of perioperative data. We compared patients with mortality at 24 h, and 48 h by Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the effect of different surgical procedures on mortality.

Results:
From August 2019, to December 2019 data were taken from 946 cases at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Teaching Hospital. We excluded 61 (6.44%) cases with missing data information. The logistic regression analysis for 24 h mortality showed that urology and general surgery (OR = 8.03 [95% CI, 3.98 to 47.33]; P = 0.0002),neurosurgery (OR = 4.77, [95% CI,2.58–17.70]; P = 0.01), orthopedics (OR = 1.21, [95% CI,0.56–6.89]; P = 0.003), emergency surgery (OR = 2.76 [95% CI,1.03–10.51]; P = 0.04) and trauma (OR = 6.94 [95% CI,3.43–26.32]; P = 0.002) were associated with high risk of mortality (Table 3) as compared to cesarean section delivery. These significant relations were also revealed at 48 h of mortality. Other Surgeries and pediatrics category were not correlated to 24 h and 48 h of mortality.

Conclusion and recommendation:
There were a significant higher magnitude of mortality recorded over Urology and general surgeries, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, emergency surgery and trauma compared with cesarean section delivery at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Teaching Hospital. In addition, we observed the mortality rate differences between each surgical category.
Tibebe Ghion Specialized Teaching Hospital should emphasis on monitoring and evaluation of patients’ outcome for the reduction of mortality. We also recommended doing this research work at multiple centers of referral hospitals for better valid information.

Highlights: