bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Mobility Degradation and Source-and-Drain Resistance in MOSFETs
Authors: Muci J. , Rey A. D. Latorre , García-Sanchéz F. J. , Muñoz D. C. Lugo , Ortiz-Conde A. , Ho C.-S. , Liou J. J. , Pavanello M. A. , Doria R. T. 
Published: December 2020

A MOSFET model parameters extraction procedure that overcomes the difficulties of separating the effects of source-and-drain series resistance and mobility degradation factor is presented. Instead of the conventional direct fitting, the present procedure involves the use of indirect bidimensional fitting of the source-to-drain resistance of a single device, as obtained from the below-saturation output characteristics measured at several above-threshold gate voltages. The procedure is verified with a simulated long channel FinFET device with externally added resistances and is later applied to experimental planar bulk DRAM MOSFET devices with channel lengths ranging from 0.23μm to 2.0μm. The procedure is shown to be advantageous in terms of computational efficiency and it is appropriate even with high values of externally added series resistances. For the case of devices with various channel lengths, the accuracy of the procedure is improved if the value of RSD is extracted from the shortest channel length. This value of RSD could be used for extracting the other parameters for devices with longer channel.
A Design Methodology Using the Inversion Coefficient for Low-Voltage Low-Power CMOS Voltage References
Authors: Colombo Dalton , Fayomi Christian , Nabki Frederic , Ferreira Luiz F. , Wirth Gilson , Bampi Sergio 
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an analog design methodology, which uses the selection of the inversion coefficient of MOS devices, to design low-voltage and low-power (LVLP) CMOS voltage references. The motivation of this work comes from the demand for analog design methods that optimize the sizing process of transistors working in subthreshold operation. The advantage of the presented method – compared to the traditional approaches for circuit design – is the reduction of design cycle time and the minimization of simulation iterations when the proposed equations are used. As a case study, a LVLP voltage reference based on subthreshold MOSFETs with a supply voltage of 0.7 V was designed in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology.
Low power CMOS full adder design with body biasing approach
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Arya Sandeep K. , Pandey Sujata 
Published: December 2020

In this paper, five different low power full adders using XOR/XNOR gates and multiplexer blocks with body biasing have been presented. In the first methodology, the adder depicts minimum power dissipation of 204.09μW and delay of 5.9849 ns. In the second, an improvement in power consumption has been reported at 128.92μW with delay of 5.9875 ns by using voltage biasing of two PMOS (P1 &P2) along with substrate biasing. In the third methodology, adder gives minimum power dissipation of 0.223nW with a delay of 5.2352 ns. Further, in fourth, it shows minimum power consumption of 0.199nW with a delay of 5.1002 ns and finally in fifth methodology, minimum power reduces to 0.192nW.Moreover, power delay product (PDP) results also have been compared for these methodologies. Comparisons have been made with earlier reported circuits and proposed circuits show better performance in terms of power consumption and delay.
A Compact Low-Power CMOS Analog FSR Model-Based CNN
Authors: Santana Edson P. , Freire Raimundo C. S. , Cunha Ana Isabela A. 
Published: December 2020

A compact low-power CMOS analog circuit implementation of a Cellular Neural Network based on Full Signal Range Model (FSR-CNN) is presented. The required operations in cell definition are synapses (multiplication and summation) and saturated integration. In each synapse, a new multiplier architecture is employed with voltage and current inputs and a current output, which allows sharing building blocks and using continuously programmable weight values. Feasibility and usefulness of the proposed FSR cell architecture is verified through the simulation of two applications: the connected component detector and the border extractor.
Detection of Transient Faults in Nanometer Technologies by using Modular Built-In Current Sensors
Authors: Torres Frank Sill , Bastos Rodrigo Possamai 
Published: December 2020

Soft error resilience is an increasingly important requirement of integrated circuits realized in CMOS nanometer technologies. Among the several approaches, Bulk Built-in Current Sensors (BBICS) offer a promising solution as they are able to detect particle strikes immediately after its occurrence. Based on this idea we demonstrate a novel modular BBICS (mBBICS) that tackles the main problems of these integrated sensors – area, leakage, and robustness. Simulations based on a predictive nanometer technology indicate competitive response times for high performance applications at the cost of 25 % area overhead and very low power penalty. Thereby, all simulated particle strikes that lead to transient faults could be detected. Additionally, reliability analysis proved the robustness of the proposed mBBICS against wide variations of temperature and process parameters.
Low-Cost and High-Throughput Hardware Design for the HEVC 16x16 2-D DCT Transform
Authors: Conceição Ruhan , De Souza Jr José Cláudio , Jeske Ricardo , Zatt Bruno , Porto Marcelo , Agostini Luciano 
Published: December 2020

This article presents the hardware design of the 16x16 2-D DCT used in the new video coding standard, the HEVC – High Efficiency Video Coding. The transforms stage is one of the innovations proposed by HEVC, since a variable size transforms stage is available (from 4x4 to 32x32), allowing the use of transforms with larger dimensions than used in previous standards. The presented design explores the 2-D DCT separability property, using two instances of the one-dimension DCT. The architecture focuses on low hardware cost and high throughput, thus the HEVC 16-points DCT algorithm was simplified targeting a more efficient hardware implementation. Operations and hardware minimization strategies were used in order to achieve such simplifications: operation reordering, factoring, multiplications to shift-adds conversion, and sharing of common sub-expressions. The 1-D DCT architectures were designed in a fully combinational way in order to reduce control overhead. A transposition buffer is used to connect the two 1-D DCT architectures. The synthesis was directed to Stratix III FPGA and TSMC 65nm standard cells technologies. The complete 2-D DCT architecture is able to achieve real-time processing for high and ultra-high definition videos, such as Full HD, QFHD and UHD 8K. When compared with related works, the architectures designed in this work reached the highest throughput and the lowest hardware resources consumption.
Local Laser Annealing of Contacts Between MWCNTs and Metallic Electrodes
Authors: Silveira José V. , Savu Raluca , Swart Jacobus W. , Mendes Filho Josue , Souza Filho Antonio G. , Moshkalev Stanislav A. 
Published: December 2020

A new approach to improve the electrical and thermal contacts between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and metallic electrodes was developed by using spatially localized laser heating coupled with a micro Raman equipment. After the deposition by dielectrophoresis, the nanotubes were heated in ambient atmosphere by a focused laser beam in order to improve the electrical contacts of the nanostructures with different electrodes (W, Ti and Au) and also to excite the Raman signal of the nanotubes. The changes in the vibrational frequencies of the Raman bands of the nanotubes provides a real time feedback of the treatment conditions allowing to estimate the local temperature, which is used for adjusting the parameters of treatment. Laser treatment tests were performed in a single step (single exposition of the sample to laser) or gradually (successive expositions of the sample to laser, with gradual increase of the used laser power density) and better results were obtained for the gradual treatment tests. Laser treatment of contacts carried out after the calibration of the treatment parameters, showed a reduction of up to three orders of magnitude in the electrical resistance of the devices. The main advantage of this method, when compared with traditional and rapid thermal annealing, is that the thermal treatment is localized in a small region, thus allowing the processing of circuits composed of different materials, whereby each process can be individually controlled.
PRESUPPOSITION IN BEAUTY AND THE BEAST MOVIE SCRIPT
Authors: Kristy Yossi , Deliana Deliana , Harefa Yulianus 
Published: December 2020

This research was intended to find out the types of presupposition in the character’s utterances of Beauty and the Beast movie script and describe the meaning of presupposition that are represented in the movie script. This research used a descriptive qualitative method, which was carried out by collecting, grouping, analyzing and interpreting the research data. The data in this research were the utterances of the characters in movie script containing presupposition. The data were collected through four steps: observation, taking note, data validation and setting them in tables. Based on the data analysis, it was found that 6 types of presupposition were used in the character’s utterances of the movie script. The most frequent type of presupposition used by the characters was existential presupposition with 26 data of 58 data found in this movie script. The second type of presupposition often used was factive presupposition with 9 data found in the data. Then, the third was lexical presupposition consisting of 8 data and the fourth was structural presupposition with the same number. The fifth type of presupposition used was non-factive presupposition with 4 data found in this research. The last type of presupposition used in this research was counter-factual presupposition with 3 data found in the movie script.
Republican Movement in Iran and the reasons of its failure (January – March 1924)
Authors: Arabadzhyan Z. A. 
Published: December 2020

By the beginning of the twentieth century for almost 2500 years of its history,Iranwas an originally monarchical country, where the republican ideas and traditions were completely untypical. Nevertheless, from the end of December 1923, the society traced the idea of overthrowing Ahmed Shah Qajar and replacing constitutional monarchy with a republic. The main source of the republican movement was the Tajjaddod (Renaissance) Party, led by Seyyed Mohamed Tadayon. In fact, the whole process was initiated by an almighty dictator Reza Khan (whose honorary title was Sardar Sepah). He held the posts of a Prime Minister and a Minister of War and in order to achieve his goals he forced Ahmed Shah to leaveIranin November 1923. Reza-Khan wanted to repeat Kemal Ataturk’s way, and planned to become the so-called lifetime president of the republic.However, the movement for becoming a republic provoked strong resistance in various segments of Iranian society, which was led by Shiite clergy. The leader of Anti-Republican Movement was Seyed Hassan Modarres, a major theologian and politician and a member of the Majlis (Parliament).As a result of a sharp struggle between the opposing camps, the Republican Movement suffered a crushing defeat. The reasons for it were, firstly, the unwillingness of the majority of Iranian classes and social groups to give up the monarchy and, secondly, straightforward and rough actions of the Republicans, which caused the opposite effect among the population.
Malkara-Keşan (GB Trakya) çevresinde bulunan silisleşmiş ağaçların türlerinin tespiti ve mineralojik-petrografik özellikleri
Authors: ÇEVİK ÜNER Burcu , AKKEMİK Ünal , YILMAZ ŞAHİN Sabah 
Published: December 2020

Trakya Havzası güneybatısında yer alan Malkara-Keşan çevresinde silisleşmiş ağaç örnekleri, Geç Oligosen-Erken Miyosen yaşlı Danişmen Formasyonuna ait karasal sedimanlar içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’nin çeşitli bölgelerinde tespit edilen, özellikle Tersiyer yaş aralığındaki silisleşmiş ağaçların oluşumları birbirine benzer özellikte olup, Malkara-Keşan bölgesinde de olduğu gibi bu dönemdeki etkin volkanizma faaliyetleri ve eşzamanlı sedimantasyonla ilişkilidir.
Silisleşmiş ağaç örneklerinde enine, teğet ve radyal yönde kesitler yapılarak, bunlarda polarizan mikroskop altında mineralojik-petrografik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Silisleşmiş ağaçların tamamına yakınında, silisin çeşitli formlarda geliştiği gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu yolla tespit edilen silisin mineral tür ve amorf oluşumları XRD analizleri ile de desteklenmiştir. Buna göre Opal-A, Opal-CT, kalsedon ve kuvars türü amorf/mineralojik oluşumlar saptanmıştır. Silisleşmiş ağaçlardan alınan ince kesitler üzerinde yapılan çalışmalarla fosil ağaç cins/türleri tespit edilerek o dönemin paleobotanik yorumları yapılmıştır. Silisleşmiş ağaç örneklerinin tanısıyla Glyptostroboxylon rudolphii bulgusu, Oligosen-Erken Miyosen döneminde Trakya’da ilk kez, cf. Quercoxylon caucasicum ve cf. Ginkgoxylon lesboense türleri ise Türkiye’de ilk defa bu çalışma ile tanımlanmıştır. Tespit edilen diğer tür ise; Taxodioxylon gypsaceum‘dur. Bu türlerin yaşam ortamları göz önüne alındığında, bölgede Oligosen-ErkenMiyosen dönemlerinde su kenarı-bataklık koşullarının ve subtropikal iklimin hâkim olduğu söylenebilir.
ANALISIS PENGARUH LUAS LAHAN PANEN TERHADAP HASIL PANEN PADI DI JAWA TENGAH PADA TAHUN 2019
Authors: Syaputra Syahiena Maulana , Siregar Daniel Kristopel , Riskianandaputri  , Aprillia Cahyaning 
Published: December 2020

Luas panen padi di Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2019 diperkirakan sebesar 1,68 juta hektar atau mengalami penurunan sebanyak 143,50 ribu hektar atau 7,88 persen dibandingkan tahun 2018. Produksi padi di Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2019 diperkirakan sebesar 9,66 juta ton GKG atau mengalami penurunan sebanyak 0,84 juta ton atau 8,04 persen dibandingkan tahun 2018. Jika produksi padi pada tahun 2019 dikonversikan menjadi beras untuk konsumsi pangan penduduk, produksi beras di Jawa Tengah pada 2019 sebesar 5,52 juta ton atau mengalami penurunan sebanyak 0,48 juta ton atau 8,04 persen dibandingkan tahun 2018.
Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia: a series of four cases with review of literature
Authors: Mehta Sangita Sharma , Muthusamy Rajeshwari K 
Published: December 2020

Most of the oral ulcers are traumatic in origin due to sharp tooth and self bite. Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia is a chronic benign lesion of the oral mucosa with uncertain histogenesis. Trauma was proposed to be an inciting factor.
A series of four cases of Traumatic Ulcerative Granuloma with Stromal Eosinophilia in the lateral borders of the tongue were analyzed regarding oral hygiene, sharp tooth, clinical presentation, histology, and follow-up. The lesion manifests as a small solitary ulcer with induration in the oral mucosa mimicking malignancy. Histology revealed ulcers with exudate and granulation tissue with dense polymorphous infiltrate rich in eosinophils. Infiltrate extends down in between the skeletal muscle fibers and salivary gland lobules. A sharp tooth was found to be the inciting factor in a proportion of cases. Histopathological examination is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis and to exclude malignancy and other eosinophil rich disorders.
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma coexisting with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix - a rare entity
Authors: Meel Mukta , Jindal Arpita , Kumar Mukesh , Mittal Alka 
Published: December 2020

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are the most common histological types of cervical cancer. The co-existence of two histological types is rare. Here we report a case of a 65-year-old woman with a complaint of postmenopausal bleeding and a history of foul-smelling discharge per vagina for 8 months. On examination cervix flared up with growth, bled on touch, parametrium was involved and adherent anteriorly with bladder & posteriorly with the rectum. Cervical biopsy revealed small cell carcinoma coexisting with Adenocarcinoma. Later it was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
Profile of uncommon primary adult hepatic malignancies at a tertiary care center
Authors: Thomas Eliz , Venkatasubramanian A 
Published: December 2020

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma has been the most common primary malignancy of the liver in adults, followed by cholangiocarcinoma. The less common malignancies are those arising from the vascular endothelial cells, neuroendocrine cells, hematolymphoid tissues, and mesenchymal tissues. Imaging studies alone may pose a diagnostic challenge, due to the variable appearances. Histological review of the tissue specimen along with immunohistochemical stains are imperative for diagnosis. However, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and help in management.
Materials and methods: The unusual adult primary hepatic malignancies were studied in 2 years period with clinic-radiological and biochemical correlation and also the age and sex distribution were determined. Ethical approval was obtained. Statistical analysis used: SPSS version 23.0.
Results: A total of 24 liver malignancies were encountered. Metastatic tumors and tumor-like lesions were excluded. The patient's clinico-radiological findings and laboratory investigations were noted. A total of 6 unusual non-hepatocellular malignancies were seen and identified based on morphology and special stains. Out of 6 non-hepatocellular malignancies, 3 were neuroendocrine carcinomas, 2 were leiomyosarcomas and 1 was a hematolymphoid malignancy. Radiologic impression and biochemical parameters helped arrive at a definitive opinion as the lesions were not typical of this location. A high index of suspicion along with the immunohistochemical profile finally facilitated the diagnosis.
Conclusions: The cases of primary non-hepatocellular malignancies are unexpected. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory.
Le choix des structures syntaxiques peut-il avoir un effet manipulatoire sur l’auditoire ?
Authors: Hajok Alicja , Miladi Lidia 
Published: December 2020

The starting point of this project is the fact that we are constantly “under the influence of someone else”. From an early age, our perception of reality is shaped by the environment (community) in which we live, i.e. by our parents, friends, teachers, but also by the so-called mass media. Opinion-forming is undoubtedly deliberately instrumentalised through the implementation of a strategy aimed at obtaining the approval of its receiver. The objective of this study is to discuss different types of linguistic manipulation. We will also propose an analysis of different types oflinguistic manipulation, in particular syntactic.
Les emprunts à l’anglais touchés par la réforme orthographique et leur variation dans la presse canadienne en ligne
Authors: Fabrycy Małgorzata 
Published: December 2020

This article examines if and how the recommendations of the spelling reform from 1990 are applied and used in practice. We have focused especially on the loanwords namely anglicisms in the Canadian French and their employment in the Canadian press in electronic format. For that purpose, we wanted to depict certain details of the spelling reform concerning words of foreign origin, and more precisely those which are borrowed from British and American English. We have also concentrated our attention on the difficulties of French grammatical system, comparing it with the Italian and Spanish grammatical systems in order to illustrate the level of complexity of the French language. To demonstrate and verify the usage of the rules recommended by the reform of French orthography, we have chosen several online versions of Canadian daily press.
Formulation and Evaluation of Ondansetron HCl Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Noor Amjed H , M. Ghareeb Mowafaq 
Published: December 2020

Ondansetron HCl (OND) is a potent antiemetic drug used for control of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. It exhibits only 60 – 70 % of oral bioavailability due to first pass metabolism and has a relative short half-life of 3-5 hours. Poor bioavailability not only leads to the frequent dosing but also shows very poor patient adherence. Hence, in the present study an approach has been made to develop OND nanoparticles using eudragit® RS100 and eudragit® RL100 polymer to control release of OND for transdermal delivery and to improve patient compliance.
Six formulas of OND nanoparticles were prepared using nanoprecipitation technique. The particles sizes and zeta potential were measured using zeta-plus analyzer. The particle morphology was also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in-vitro release of the drug from the nanoparticles was carried out in phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4.
The particle size of the prepared NPs were in nano size which ranged from (95.34 to 275.84 nm) with positive zeta potential. The drug entrapment efficiency was varied with the drug polymer ratio from 41.87% to 78.45%. The SEM showed uniform shape and regularly distributed particle sizes. The in-vitro drug release study exhibited the sustained release of OND with burst release. The cumulative percentage released after 12 hr. were between were 77.89 and 96.01%.
Also the transdermal permeation study show that nanoparticles permeate more efficiently than aqueous solution of the drug through the skin by approximately two fold. OND nanoparticles were prepared successfully using nanoprecipitation method. The controlled drug release aimed for transdermal drug delivery could be obtained by using eudragit RS100 and eudragit RL100 polymers which can reduce dosing frequency, decrease side effects and improve patient compliance.
Estimation of Beta Two Microglobulins, Fetuin-A, Resistin Serum Level in Iraqi Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Salman Ali S. , S.Saleh Eman , S.Abass Mohammed 
Published: December 2020

Multiple myeloma is hematological disease produces many complications in the bone, kidney, neural and other complications. The study aims to measure serum biomolecules like fetuin-A and resistin and determined the possibility to use these biomarkers as disease predictor. blood samples were isolated from 58 patients and 24 sex and age-matched control, serum then isolated, and proper ELISA kit then used to a determined level of B2 microglobulin, resistin, and fetuin-A. The result demonstrated significant increase in B2 microglobulin, fetuin-A and resistin in patients compare to control (1.3470.714 vs. 0.9130.253), p = 0.000, (14.00310.352 vs. 9.2594.264), p= 0.005, (1.9673.595 vs. 0.6040.622), p = 0.009, respectively. These differences give the possibility to use these biomolecules as a predictor in multiple myeloma.
Kestner, J. A. (2017). <i>Sherlock’s sisters: The British female detective, 1864–1913</i>. New York: Routledge.
Authors: Samorodnitskaya E. I. 
Published: December 2020

The monograph of the American scholar Joseph A. Kestner is devoted to Victorian novels and stories that feature a female detective protagonist. The author introduces a large volume of little studied texts written in the period from 1864 to 1913, which he explores to follow the process of the female detective character taking shape, noting its specific structural and sociocultural traits as well as features of narration. As a literary example and a starting point, the author considers the character of the amateur detective Sherlock Holmes: it is in comparison and polemic with him that the character of a female detective is formed in the subsequent literary tradition. In recognizing realistic prose as documentary evidence, the author painstakingly reconstructs the historical context, mostly in the area of gender issues. This enables him to shed a new light on the origins of English detective writing, while not without certain limitations.