bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and clinical predictors of community functioning across the psychoses
Authors: Lewandowski Kathryn E. , Cohen Talia R. , Ongur Dost 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSchizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and related psychotic illnesses are common, serious mental disorders that are often associated with functional impairments and poor quality of life, even after clinical recovery. Cognitive dysfunction is a strong predictor of functional impairment; however, findings regarding relative impairments in functioning and cognition across diagnoses have been mixed, as have reports of the contribution of clinical symptoms and other illness features to functioning across diagnostic boundaries. We assessed 211 patients with psychotic disorders and 87 healthy controls using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, clinical measures of state mood and psychotic symptoms, and an interview measure of community functioning. Diagnostic groups were compared on MATRICS composite and domain scores, and clinical and functional measures. We then examined cognitive, clinical, and demographic predictors of community functioning using stepwise hierarchical linear regression. All three patient groups exhibited deficits in most cognitive domains relative to controls, and significantly poorer community functioning. While scores on most cognitive domains did not differ by diagnosis, when groups did differ patients with schizophrenia performed worse than patients with bipolar disorder. Cognition was correlated with functioning across the sample. The final regression model included negative symptoms, mania, social cognition, and processing speed, and explained 47% of the variance in community functioning scores across patient groups. Residual negative symptoms, residual mania, and social cognition significantly and independently predicted community functioning. These findings indicate that, while all cognitive domains are associated with community outcomes, when considered together and with clinical symptoms, negative symptoms, mania, and social cognition are the strongest predictors across diagnoses. Development of interventions targeting negative symptoms and social cognition may be effective in improving community functioning for patients across diagnoses.
Evaluation of flocculation characteristics and biodegradation studies of reduced gum rosin and psyllium‐based hydrogel
Authors: Wadhera Priti , Jindal Rajeev , Dogra Rakesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPresent study explored the swelling behavior, biodegradability and flocculation efficiency of hydrogel polymer based on renewable backbones‐psyllium and gum rosin. Swelling studies revealed that the polymer sample exhibit pH and temperature‐dependent swelling behavior. The polymer sample was assessed for its flocculation efficiency by optimizing the process parameters such as polymer dose, pH, and temperature. The polymer sample illustrated the maximum flocculation efficiency of 96% in 500 mg/L kaolin suspension under optimized experimental conditions. Investigation of biodegradation behavior was carried out using the soil burial and composting method. The percentage degradation of the polymer sample was observed to be 86.8% and 90.4% in 63 days using soil burial and composting method, respectively. The progress of biodegradation was analyzed through Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Thus, the polymer sample was found to be cost effective, eco‐friendly, biodegradable material that has significant flocculation characteristics, and hence can be utilized for treatment of kaolinated wastewater.
Ways With Worlds: Bringing Improvisational Theater Into Play With Reading
Authors: Tanner Samuel Jaye , Leander Kevin M. , Carter‐Stone Laura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe authors investigated improvisational theater and the possibilities that it presents for reconsidering reading pedagogy, with a focus on discussions of reading. The authors conducted empirical, qualitative studies of improvisational practice and instruction and analyzed improv through the construct of worlding. In this article, the authors explore different dimensions of worlding, a concept that generally describes how ensembles make present and create unique events in time. Next, the authors offer a vision of reading discussions that emerges from rethinking and refeeling such discussions through forms of worlding found in improvisation. The authors conclude by offering five improv‐inspired teaching practices for discussions of reading: (1) teaching as invoking the text, (2) teaching as exchanging offers, (3) teaching as attuning, (4) teaching as following lines of flight, and (5) teaching as activating embodied energy.
Do differences among accelerators explain differences in the performance of member ventures? Evidence from 117 accelerators in 22 countries
Authors: Chan Chien Sheng Richard , Patel Pankaj C. , Phan Phillip H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWhether differences among accelerators explain differences in the performance of member ventures is an important and underexplored question. Conversely, are the effects of accelerators so isomorphic, because they copy each other, that ventures from different accelerators report little performance differences? We use variance decomposition analysis to test whether variations in characteristics of accelerators explain performance differences in the ventures that belong to them. Using a sample of 1,442 ventures from 117 accelerator programs across 22 countries, we find that 11.13–14.18% variance of venture performance can be attributed to accelerator membership. Accelerator membership also accounted for 3.00, 5.15, and 16.65% in the variance for employee growth, employee costs, and revenue change, respectively. Our findings suggest that between accelerator differences can make a significant economic difference to venture performance.Managerial summaryFor accelerator managers and policymakers assessing if differences between accelerators explain the differences in outcomes of member ventures is important. This article advances our understanding of differences among accelerators driving differences in performance among their ventures. Using a sample of 1,442 ventures from 117 accelerator programs across 22 countries, about 11% variance of venture performance can be attributed to accelerator membership. Overall, differences among accelerators seem to explain meaningful differences in performance among member ventures.
Recyclization‐Isomerization in the Reduction of 1‐(2‐Nitro(het)aryl)benzimidazoles
Authors: Begunov Roman S. , Fakhrutdinov Artyom N. , Sokolov Aleksandr A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe regularities of reductive recyclization‐isomerization of 1‐(2‐nitro(het)aryl)‐substituted benzimidazoles discovered by the authors have been studied. The structure of the intermediate has been identified and the isomerization process has been found to be reversible. The shift of equilibrium between the resulting isomers is affected by the reaction temperature and time, the amount of hydrogen chloride in the reaction mixture and the substrate structure. According to the suggested reaction mechanism, the amino group formed upon reduction reacts with the electron‐deficient α‐carbon atom in an imidazole by an AdN reaction. Based on these studies, a method for the functionalization of benzimidazoles has been developed. This young methodology has been used to synthesize hitherto unknown benzimidazole derivatives that are difficult to obtain by other methods.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Quinoline‐Based Novel Aurones
Authors: Kumar Gourav , Lathwal Ekta , Saroha Bhavna , Kumar Sanjeev , Kumar Suresh , Chauhan Nar Singh , Kumar Tarun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new series of quinoline based aurones 7(a–n) has been synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial, antifungal and antiquorum sensing activities. These novel aurones have been prepared directly from 2‐chloro‐1‐(2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethan‐1‐one in one pot, by reacting it with differently substituted 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes using activated barium hydroxide under solvent free grinding conditions. Structures of these novel aurones are in agreement with their IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and HRMS data. Some of these compounds have attributed a significant antiquorum sensing activity.
Timing information at HL-LHC: complete determination of masses of dark matter and long lived particle
Authors: Flowers Zachary , Kang Dong Woo , Meier Quinn , Park Seong Chan , Rogan Christopher 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A long-standing kinematic challenge in data analysis at hadron colliders is the determination of the masses of invisible particles. This issue is particularly relevant in searches for evidence of dark matter production, which remains one of the prominent targets of future collider experiments. In this paper, we show that the additional information from the precision timing measurements, provided by planned detector upgrades during the high- luminosity run of the LHC (HL-LHC), allows for previously unrealizable measurements of invisible particle kinematics. As a concrete example, we focus on the signal of pair produced long-lived particles (LLP1,2), each decaying with a displaced vertex to visible (V1,2) and invisible (I1,2) final state particles, pp → LLP1 + LLP2→ (V1 + I1) + (V2 + I2). We explicitly show that the complete kinematics of the invisible particles in such events can be determined with the addition of timing information, and evaluate the precision with which the masses of new long-lived and invisible particles can be determined.
Unruh effect universality: emergent conical geometry from density operator
Authors: Prokhorov Georgy Y. , Teryaev Oleg V. , Zakharov Valentin I. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Unruh effect has been investigated from the point of view of the quantum statistical Zubarev density operator in space with the Minkowski metric. Quantum corrections of the fourth order in acceleration to the energy-momentum tensor of real and complex scalar fields, and Dirac field are calculated. Both massless and massive fields are considered. The method for regularization of discovered infrared divergences for scalar fields is proposed. The calculated corrections make it possible to substantiate the Unruh effect from the point of view of the statistical approach, and to explicitly show its universality for various quantum field theories of massless and massive fields. The obtained results exactly coincide with the ones obtained earlier by calculation of the vacuum aver- age of energy-momentum tensor in a space with a conical singularity. Thus, the duality of two methods for describing an accelerated medium is substantiated. One may also speak about the emergence of geometry with conical singularity from thermodynamics. In particular, the polynomiality of the energy-momentum tensor and the absence of higher-order corrections in acceleration can be explicitly demonstrated.
Technological quality requirements for stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Schmitt Daniela , Blanck Oliver , Gauer Tobias , Fix Michael K. , Brunner Thomas B. , Fleckenstein Jens , Loutfi-Krauss Britta , Manser Peter , Werner Rene , Wilhelm Maria-Lisa , Baus Wolfgang W. , Moustakis Christos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis review details and discusses the technological quality requirements to ensure the desired quality for stereotactic radiotherapy using photon external beam radiotherapy as defined by the DEGRO Working Group Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy and the DGMP Working Group for Physics and Technology in Stereotactic Radiotherapy. The covered aspects of this review are 1) imaging for target volume definition, 2) patient positioning and target volume localization, 3) motion management, 4) collimation of the irradiation and beam directions, 5) dose calculation, 6) treatment unit accuracy, and 7) dedicated quality assurance measures. For each part, an expert review for current state-of-the-art techniques and their particular technological quality requirement to reach the necessary accuracy for stereotactic radiotherapy divided into intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery in one single fraction (SRS), intracranial fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT), and extracranial stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is presented. All recommendations and suggestions for all mentioned aspects of stereotactic radiotherapy are formulated and related uncertainties and potential sources of error discussed. Additionally, further research and development needs in terms of insufficient data and unsolved problems for stereotactic radiotherapy are identified, which will serve as a basis for the future assignments of the DGMP Working Group for Physics and Technology in Stereotactic Radiotherapy. The review was group peer-reviewed, and consensus was obtained through multiple working group meetings.
Extracellular ionic fluxes suggest the basis for cellular life at the 1/f ridge of extended criticality
Authors: Pietruszka Mariusz , Olszewska Monika 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The criticality hypothesis states that a system may be poised in a critical state at the boundary between different types of dynamics. Previous studies have suggested that criticality has been evolutionarily selected, and examples have been found in cortical cell cultures and in the human nervous system. However, no one has yet reported a single- or multi-cell ensemble that was investigated ex vivo and found to be in the critical state. Here, the precise 1/f noise was found for pollen tube cells of optimum growth and for the physiological (“healthy”) state of blood cells. We show that the multi-scale processes that arise from the so-called critical phenomena can be a fundamental property of a living cell. Our results reveal that cell life is conducted at the border between order and disorder, and that the dynamics themselves drive a system towards a critical state. Moreover, a temperature-driven re-entrant state transition, manifest in the form of a Lorentz resonance, was found in the fluctuation amplitude of the extracellular ionic fluxes for the ensemble of elongating pollen tubes of Nicotiana tabacum L. or Hyacintus orientalis L. Since this system is fine-tuned for rapid expansion to reach the ovule at a critical temperature which results in fertilisation, the core nature of criticality (long-range coherence) offers an explanation for its potential in cell growth. We suggest that the autonomous organisation of expansive growth is accomplished by self-organised criticality, which is an orchestrated instability that occurs in an evolving cell.

Graphic abstract
Optimal Pebbling Number of the Square Grid
Authors: Győri Ervin , Katona Gyula Y. , Papp László F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA pebbling move on a graph removes two pebbles from a vertex and adds one pebble to an adjacent vertex. A vertex is reachable from a pebble distribution if it is possible to move a pebble to that vertex using pebbling moves. The optimal pebbling number $$\pi _{{{\,\mathrm{opt}\,}}}$$πopt is the smallest number m needed to guarantee a pebble distribution of m pebbles from which any vertex is reachable. The optimal pebbling number of the square grid graph $$P_n\square P_m$$Pn□Pm was investigated in several papers (Bunde et al. in J Graph Theory 57(3):215–238, 2008; Xue and Yerger in Graphs Combin 32(3):1229–1247, 2016; Győri et al. in Period Polytech Electr Eng Comput Sci 61(2):217–223 2017). In this paper, we present a new method using some recent ideas to give a lower bound on $$\pi _{{{\,\mathrm{opt}\,}}}$$πopt. We apply this technique to prove that $$\pi _{{{\,\mathrm{opt}\,}}}(P_n\square P_m)\ge \frac{2}{13}nm$$πopt(Pn□Pm)≥213nm. Our method also gives a new proof for $$\pi _{{{\,\mathrm{opt}\,}}}(P_n)=\pi _{{{\,\mathrm{opt}\,}}}(C_n)=\left\lceil \frac{2n}{3}\right\rceil$$πopt(Pn)=πopt(Cn)=2n3.
Medical practice and placebo response: an inseparable bond?
Authors: Jilch Sandra , Sel Ruken , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe history of medicine and the history of placebo are closely intertwined. To understand placebo and its effects this article gives a brief overview about its history, the possible mechanisms of action and its counterpart, nocebo.The Catholic Church used placebo around the sixteenth century for the separation from real and incorrect exorcisms, but it needed Henry Beecher during World War II to quantify the placebo effect as control arm in well-designed studies.Until today the different mechanisms of action of placebo remain poorly researched. Understanding them would allow its effect to be modulated to better serve in research and clinical settings. Expectation, psychosocial context and conditioning play a significant role in the effect size and amplitude.The counterpart, nocebo, is even less investigated, even it is commonly observed as adverse effects during medical treatments.Conclusion: Placebo and nocebo are both underestimated and underresearched in their value. Through further investigation doctors could strengthen the placebo response and prevent adverse effects to help their patients at low cost. These techniques would benefit the patient-doctor relationship, which is the alter of a trust-based successful therapy.
Study of correlation between the steels susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen thermal desorption spectroscopy using artificial neural network
Authors: Malitckii Evgenii , Fangnon Eric , Vilaça Pedro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSteels are the most used structural material in the world, and hydrogen content and localization within the microstructure play an important role in its properties, namely inducing some level of embrittlement. The characterization of the steels susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a complex task requiring always a broad and multidisciplinary approach. The target of the present work is to introduce the artificial neural network (ANN) computing system to predict the hydrogen-induced mechanical properties degradation using the hydrogen thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) data of the studied steel. Hydrogen sensitivity parameter (HSP) calculated from the reduction of elongation to fracture caused by hydrogen was linked to the corresponding hydrogen thermal desorption spectra measured for austenitic, ferritic, and ferritic-martensitic steel grades. Correlation between the TDS input data and HSP output data was studied using two ANN models. A correlation of 98% was obtained between the experimentally measured HSP values and HSP values predicted using the developed densely connected layers ANN model. The performance of the developed ANN models is good even for never-before-seen steels. The ANN-coupled system based on the TDS is a powerful tool in steels characterization especially in the analysis of the steels susceptibility to HE.
Fusion rates support wired allograft combined with instrumented craniocervical fixation in the paediatric population
Authors: Groen Justus L. , Peul Wilco C. , Pondaag Willem 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOccipitocervical and atlantoaxial instability in the pediatric population is a rare and challenging condition to treat. Variable surgical techniques have been employed to achieve fusion. The study aimed to assess bony fusion with rigid craniocervical fixation using an allograft bone block to serve as scaffold for bony fusion.MethodsThis is a single center case series from a tertiary referral neurosurgical center. The series includes 12 consecutive pediatric patients with rigid craniocervical fusion between 2006 and 2014. The primary outcome was bony fusion as assessed by computed tomography and flexion-extension radiographs. The authors did not receive external funding for this study.ResultsTwelve patients (age 1–15 years) were operated with a median imaging follow-up time of 22 months (range 6–69 m). A modified Gallie fusion technique with a tightly wired allograft bone block was used in 10 of 13 procedures. One patient underwent re-fixation due to screw breakage. Eleven out of 13 procedures resulted in a stable construct with bony fusion. All 10 patients operated with the modified Gallie fusion technique with sublaminar wiring of allograft bone block had bony fusion. No post-operative complications of the posterior fixation procedure were noted.ConclusionsThe modified Gallie fusion technique with allograft bone block without post-operative immobilization achieved excellent fusion. We conclude there is no need to use autograft or BMPs in craniocervical fusion in the pediatric population, which avoids related donor-site morbidity.Level of evidenceLevel IV—case series; therapeutic.
Fiscal adjustments at the local level: evidence from Colombia
Authors: Jaimes Richard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent research suggests that intergovernmental grants, own-source revenues, and changes in government investment play a crucial role in helping local governments in advanced economies to adjust their fiscal positions in response to budget shocks. Little is known, however, about the dynamic of local fiscal adjustments in emerging economies, and there are reasons to expect distinct fiscal stabilization patterns, for instance, due to lower fiscal capacity. A panel dataset of more than 900 municipalities in Colombia shows that in line with some of the results for developed countries: (1) intergovernmental grants react significantly to increases in government spending; (2) the response of own-source revenues to innovations in government spending in large cities is higher than in the small ones; (3) government investment is highly volatile and responds to innovations in all other budgetary components; and (4) there is no empirical evidence of a reduction in fiscal effort following increases in intergovernmental grants.
A longitudinal study of virtual design studio (VDS) use in STEM distance design education
Authors: Jones Derek , Lotz Nicole , Holden Georgy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of virtual design studios (VDS) in practice-based STEM education is increasing but requires further research to inform understanding of student learning and success. This paper presents a longitudinal, large-scale study (3 years, 3000 students) of student behaviour in an online design studio used as part of a distance learning Design and Innovation qualification, within the School of Engineering and Innovation at The Open University (UK). The sample size and time period of the study is unprecedented and provides unique insights into student behaviours. Moderate correlations between overall VDS use and student success were identified in early stages of study but were weaker in later stages. Detailed results identify specific behaviour correlations, such as ‘listening-in’ (viewing other students’ work) and student success, as well as behaviour shifts from ‘passive’ to ‘active’ engagement. Strong intrinsic motivations for engagement were observed throughout and selected social learning mechanisms are presented to explain the empirical results, specifically: social comparison, presence, and communities of practice. The contribution of this paper is the framing of these mechanisms as steps in the longitudinal development of design students in a distance setting, providing an informed basis for the understanding, design, and application of virtual design studios.