bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes and quality of life in children and adolescents with primary brain tumors treated with pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Tran Sebastien , Lim Pei S. , Bojaxhiu Beat , Teske Carmen , Baust Katja , Zepter Stefan , Kliebsch Ulrike , Timmermann Beate , Calaminus Gabriele , Weber Damien Charles 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term treatment‐related toxicity may substantially impact well‐being, quality of life (QoL), and health of children/adolescents with brain tumors (CBTs). Strategies to reduce toxicity include pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy (PT). This study aims to report clinical outcomes and QoL in PBS‐treated CBTs.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed 221 PBS‐treated CBTs aged <18 years. Overall‐free (OS), disease‐free (DFS), and late‐toxicity–free survivals (TFS), local control (LC) and distant (DC) brain/spinal control were calculated using Kaplan‐Meier estimates. Prospective QoL reports from 206 patients (proxies only ≤4 years old [yo], proxies and patients ≥5 yo) were descriptively analyzed. Median follow‐up was 51 months (range, 4‐222).ResultsMedian age at diagnosis was 3.1 years (range, 0.3‐17.7). The main histologies were ependymoma (n = 88; 39.8%), glioma (n = 37; 16.7%), craniopharyngioma (n = 22; 10.0%), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) (n = 21; 9.5%) and medulloblastoma (n = 15; 6.8%). One hundred sixty (72.4%) patients received chemotherapy. Median PT dose was 54 Gy(relative biological effectiveness) (range, 18.0‐64.8). The 5‐year OS, DFS, LC, and DC (95% CI) were 79.9% (74‐85.8), 65.2% (59.8‐70.6), 72.1% (65.4‐78.8), and 81.8% (76.3‐87.3), respectively. Late PT‐related ≥G3 toxicity occurred in 19 (8.6%) patients. The 5‐year ≥G3 TFS was 91.0% (86.3‐95.7). Three (1.4%) secondary malignancies were observed. Patients aged ≤3 years at PT (P = .044) or receiving chemotherapy (P = .043) experienced more ≥G3 toxicity. ATRT histology independently predicted distant brain failure (P = .046) and death (P = .01). Patients aged ≥5 years self‐rated QoL higher than their parents (proxy assessment). Both reported lower social functioning and cognition after PT than at baseline, but near‐normal long‐term global well‐being. QoL was well below normal before and after PT in children ≤4 years.ConclusionsThe outcome of CBTs was excellent after PBS. Few patients had late ≥G3 toxicity. Patients aged <5 years showed worse QoL and toxicity outcomes.
Flame retardancy and pyrolysis behavior of an epoxy resin composite flame‐retarded by diphenylphosphinyl‐POSS
Authors: Zhai Congcong , Xin Fei , Cai Liyun , Chen Yu , Qian Lijun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo reduce the flammability of epoxy resin (EP), a flame retardant (designated as D‐POSS) containing diphenylphosphinyl and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was constructed by aminopropyl‐isobutyl POSS and diphenylphosphinyl chloride. The chemical structure of D‐POSS was fully characterized, then it was used to enhance the flame retardancy of EP. When the flame‐retardant EP composite contained 4 wt% D‐POSS, its limiting oxygen index value was 29.0% and it achieved UL 94 V‐1 rating. Also, its peak of heat release rate (pk‐HRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production were decreased by 35.3%, 30.3%, and 38.3%, respectively. Moreover, the results from cone calorimeter disclosed that diphenylphosphinyl group and POSS group in D‐POSS showed a strong synergistic effect in inhibiting pk‐HRR, THR, and smoke production, promoting the charring formation of EP material, and forming an intumescent char layer. Additionally, the theoretical THR reduction of flame‐retardant EP composite was calculated by the equation deduced from the standard, and it was almost same with the practical THR reduction. Notably, some silicon oxide enriched on the residue's surface. The phenomenon led to form a double‐layer residue that consisted of white yarn‐like outer char and normal intumescent inner char. This double‐layer residue was contributed to enhance EP composite's flame retardancy.
Registration of the Louise‐Penawawa spring wheat recombinant inbred line mapping population
Authors: Carter A.H. , Kidwell K.K. , DeMacon V.L. , Shelton G.B. , Burke A.B. , Balow K.A. , Herr A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Louise‐Penawawa spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population (Reg. no. MP‐13, NSL 535038 MAP) was developed from a cross between the elite soft white spring wheat cultivars ‘Louise’ and ‘Penawawa’ at Washington State University. The population is composed of 180 RILs developed through single seed descent from the F2 to the F5 generation. The population and its parents were genotyped using both simple sequence repeat and single‐nucleotide polymorphism marker platforms. Analysis of markers identified 29 linkage groups that located to all 21 wheat chromosomes. The population was initially developed for the study of high‐temperature adult‐plant stripe rust resistance but has since been phenotyped and used to identify Hessian fly resistance, tan spot resistance, polyphenol oxidase activity, vital agronomic traits, and milling and baking quality. Markers have been identified that are closely linked with quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence these traits. This population has the potential to identify QTL for additional traits of interest. Additionally, lines from this RIL population are well suited to introgress traits of interest as both Louise and Penawawa are commercially released cultivars adapted to a variety of growing regions and conditions.
Registration of ‘Acala 1517‐21’ Cotton Cultivar
Authors: Zhang Jinfa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station announces the release of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar ‘Acala 1517‐21’ (Reg. no. CV‐144, PI 693757). Acala 1517‐21 was derived from a single plant selection in F3 from a bi‐parental cross between LA05307029 and AU‐5491. This new cultivar was tested in eight replicated field trials in New Mexico in 2012–2017 and 21 tests across 12 states of the Cotton Belt in 2016–2017. In New Mexico, Acala 1517‐21 yielded similarly to medium‐staple cultivars or transgenic commercial Acala cultivars including ‘PHY 725 RF’, ‘PHY 755 WRF’, ‘PHY 764 WRF’, ‘FM 2322GL’, and ‘FM 1830GLT’. Compared with ‘Acala 1517‐08’, Acala 1517‐21 averaged 12.9% higher lint yield and 11.5% higher lint percentage, with a similar boll weight, fiber length, length uniformity, elongation, micronaire, and short fiber content. However, Acala 1517‐21 had similar or slightly lower fiber strength with significantly lower strength and elongation in one test. Compared with commercial transgenic and nontransgenic cultivars across the Cotton Belt, Acala 1517‐21 had consistently longer and stronger fibers or lower micronaire readings. Acala 1517‐21 represents a high‐yielding upland cotton cultivar with high lint percentage and a long staple.
Botulinum Toxin Injection and Electromyography in Patients Receiving Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tan Yeow Leng , Wee Tze Chao 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo identify the different practice patterns of botulinum toxin injection (BTX) and electromyography (EMG) in patients receiving anticoagulation and to evaluate the incidence, reporting, and management of bleeding complications and compartment syndrome from BTX and EMG.Literature SurveySystematic review of relevant clinical studies in PubMed/Medline and Embase databases using key terms from inception to 31 May 2020. All publications in the English language were included without demographic limits.MethodologyA comprehensive search was performed to identify all studies addressing BTX and EMG in patients receiving anticoagulants. Two reviewers independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts and extracted data based on a set of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies that met the inclusion criteria were assigned their respective levels of evidence using the Joanne Briggs Institute (JBI) Level of Evidence for Effectiveness.SynthesisEighteen studies were included in this review of which there were nine studies each on BTX and EMG. The results indicated heterogeneity in the practice patterns of BTX and EMG in patients taking anticoagulants. These included the decision for continuation of anticoagulant, international normalized ratio (INR) results acceptable to practitioners, the modality for procedure guidance, and surveillance of bleeding complications. In addition, there were variations in the description of targeted muscles and description of needle sizes. The overall incidence of bleeding complications and compartment syndrome rates were low.ConclusionsDespite the varied practice in anticoagulated patients undergoing BTX or EMG, practitioners should allow periprocedural continuation of anticoagulants, targeting an INR of 2 to 3 while using the smallest needle (25 gauge or smaller) of appropriate length. Some of the evidence on procedural guidance and complication surveillance were weak and more research in these areas is required.
Mechanisms of Csp3‐H or Nsp2‐H functionalization of 2,3‐diaminoindoles with triplet O2: A density functional theory investigation
Authors: Deng Zhe‐Peng , Zhou Da‐Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms of Csp3‐H or Nsp2‐H activations of 2,3‐diaminoindoles oxidized by triplet O2 have been investigated with the method of M06‐2X‐D3/6‐31 + G(d,p) in the Universal Solvation Model Based on Solute Electron Density (SMD) model. The calculations indicate that the activation of 2,3‐diaminoindoles has three possible paths. First, the Csp3‐H functionalization has a higher energy barrier than that of Nsp2‐H activation; then an intramolecular H‐shift reaction happened to lose a H2O2 molecule; the third step is a ring‐closure reaction and imidazolo‐indole skeleton would be constructed; finally, the elimination reaction occurred, and the final product would be yielded. Fukui function and dual descriptor could be used to predict the active sites of the reactants and intermediates. Results would provide valuable insights into these types of interactions and related ones.
Perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in treatment‐naïve women with breast cancer: a case‐control study
Authors: Li Jie , Gao Wei , Yang Qianqian , Cao Fenglin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveWomen with breast cancer face elevated risk for psychological problems. We aimed to examine to what extent treatment‐naïve women with breast cancer are at higher risk for perceived stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression, compared with matched women with benign breast disease and healthy women, and explore the contribution of perceived stress in the association between breast cancer and symptoms of anxiety and depression.MethodsThe study included 360 women (120 per group). Perceived stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using self‐report questionnaires. We conducted linear and logistic regressions to assess increased risk and mediation analyses to test the role of perceived stress.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, perceived stress in women with breast cancer was 0.71 and 1.58 points higher than in patients with benign breast disease (p = 0.029) and healthy controls (p < 0.001), respectively; they were 1.85–2.44 times more likely to experience anxiety than either control group (p< 0.05) and 3.57 times more likely to experience depression than healthy controls (p < 0.001). The indirect effect of perceived stress between breast cancer and anxiety and depressive symptoms was 0.19–0.47 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the high risk of perceived stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression in treatment‐naïve patients with breast cancer, and the association between breast cancer and increased anxiety and depressive symptoms through elevated perceived stress. It underscores the need to assess psychological status in pretreatment period and conduct stress‐targeted prehabilitation interventions.
Lung clearance index: A new measure of late lung complications of cancer therapy in children
Authors: Parisi Giuseppe F. , Cannata Emanuela , Manti Sara , Papale Maria , Meli Mariaclaudia , Russo Giovanna , Di Cataldo Andrea , Leonardi Salvatore 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionChildhood cancer survivors (CSs) might face an increased lifelong risk of lung function impairment. The lung clearance index (LCI) has been described as being more sensitive than spirometry in the early stages of some lung diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate this index in a cohort of patients with a history of childhood cancer for the first time.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated 57 off‐treatment CSs aged 0–18 years old and 50 healthy controls (HCs). We used the multiple‐breath washout method to study LCI and spirometry.ResultsCSs did not show any differences from the controls in ventilation homogeneity (LCI 6.78 ± 1.35 vs. 6.32 ± 0.44; p: not significant [ns]) or lung function (FEV1 99.9 ± 11.3% vs. 103.0 ± 5.9% of predicted; p: ns; FVC 98.2 ± 10.3% vs. 101.1 ± 3.3% of predicted). LCI significantly correlated with the number of years since the last chemotherapy (r = .35, p < .05).ConclusionsOur study describes the trend of LCI in a cohort of CSs and compares it with the results obtained from HCs. The results show that patients maintain both good values of respiratory function and good homogeneity of ventilation during childhood. Moreover, as LCI increases and worsens as the years pass after the end of the treatment could identify the tendency toward pulmonary fibrosis, which is typical of adult CSs, at an earlier time than spirometry.
A novel approach to nonsurgical sterilization; application of menadione‐modified gonocyte‐targeting M13 bacteriophage for germ cell ablation in utero
Authors: Fraser Barbara A. , Miller Kasey , Trigg Natalie A. , Smith Nathan D. , Western Patrick S. , Nixon Brett , Aitken Robert J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere remains a compelling need for the development of nonsurgical sterilizing agents to expand the fertility management options for both domestic and feral animal species. We hypothesize that an efficacious sterilization approach would be to selectively ablate nonrenewable cell types that are essential for reproduction, such as the undifferentiated gonocytes within the embryonic gonad. Here, we report a novel strategy to achieve this goal centered on the use of a chemically modified M13 bacteriophage to effect the targeted delivery of menadione, a redox‐cycling naphthoquinone, to mouse gonocytes. Panning of the M13 random peptide ‘phage display library proved effective in the isolation of gonocyte‐specific targeting clones. One such clone was modified via N‐succinimidyl‐S‐acetylthioacetate (SATA) linkage to the N‐terminus of the major PVIII capsid protein. Subsequent deacetylation of the SATA was undertaken to expose a thiol group capable of reacting with menadione through Michael addition. This chemical modification was confirmed using UV spectrophotometry. In proof‐of‐concept experiments we applied the modified ‘phage to primary cultures of fetal germ cells and induced, an approximately, 60% reduction in the viability of the target cell population. These studies pave the way for in vivo application of chemically modified M13 bacteriophage in order to achieve the selective ablation of nonrenewable cell types in the reproductive system, thereby providing a novel nonsurgical approach the regulation of fertility in target species.
The generation, stability, and connectivity of small‐sized carbon cages
Authors: Gan Li‐Hua , Wang Chun‐Ru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmall‐sized cages of Cn are possible intermediate species for the formation of fullerene molecules in the discharge or laser vaporization reaction of graphite, but the studies on them are scattered mainly owing to their high reactivity and unavailability. Here, the coordinates of small‐sized carbon cages of Cn (n = 4‐30) are generated by our developed codes, and their stability and structural connectivity are studied using density functional theory. The interesting findings include the following: (a) Cage‐shaped isomers of Cn are favored with increasing size; (b) the ground state of cage‐shaped C4, C8, C26, and C30 are open‐shelled, and cage‐shaped D3h‐C6 is a second saddle point; (c) small‐sized cages welcome strained square(s); and (d) the most favored cages of Cn from C16 to C30 are structurally related to direct C2 insertion without the rearrangement process.
Primary CD20‐positive mediastinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Rajabto Wulyo , Priantono Dimas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrimary mediastinal B‐cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare tumour with different characteristics from other type of lymphomas. Clinical manifestations may vary and cause delay in diagnosis and management. We present a 22‐year‐old patient with symptoms of shortness of breath, weight loss, and night sweats. Laboratory studies only showed a markedly high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and thoracic computed tomography (CT)scan revealed a large mediastinal mass. Core biopsy‐guided CT scan was performed and the pathological and immunohistochemistry established a PMBCL diagnosis. We administered Rituximab Dose‐Adjusted Etoposide Prednisolone Vincristine Cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin (R‐DA‐EPOCH) chemotherapy regimen and the patient responded well to treatment. This is an example of rare case of mediastinal lymphoma with challenges to overcome to achieve diagnostic and therapeutic success. Failure to differentiate PMBCL with other systemic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) could skew treatment algorithm and prevent optimal response. Administration of proper systemic therapy, especially in young, low‐risk patients could yield excellent outcome.
Control of systems with time varying unilateral constraints using robust and optimal controllers: A homogeneity framework
Authors: Oza Harshal B. , Orlov Yury 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA tracking problem is studied in this article where a time‐varying unilateral constraint and disturbances are present. An extension to the method of nonsmooth state transformation is developed. The proposed framework enables synthesis and analysis of control of a rigid body colliding with a time‐varying unilateral constraint. Both the translational and rotational dynamics in three dimensions are covered. The control problem encompasses continuous and discontinuous controllers in the presence of impacts and discontinuous disturbances. This leads to new results in the area of control of systems with impacts and dry friction, a well‐known challenging direction in nonsmooth mechanics. Major contribution of the article is in achieving finite‐time tracking for a class of unilaterally constrained systems where the system dynamics with impacts are converted into one without impacts. Stability results are obtained via the homogeneity of differential inclusions. Numerical simulations are shown to demonstrate specific examples of the theoretical development.
Twenty‐seven years of Sustainable Development Journal: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Farrukh Muhammad , Meng Fanchen , Raza Ali , Tahir Muhammad Sohail 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aims to analyse 27 years' bibliometric data of the Sustainable Development Journal (SD). The analysis of 874 publications exhibits multi‐folded growth, rising from 22 articles in 1993 to 121 articles by 2019. Moreover, the analysis of publication structure, as well as the mapping of bibliographic data based on co‐citation, bibliographic coupling (BC), and co‐occurrence (CC), showed the intellectual structure and the connection among the contributing universities, countries, and authors. As the first retrospection of the Journal, this study not only educates and enriches SD's global readers and aspiring contributors but also may be useful to its editorial board, as it provides several inputs to navigate for future research.
Out of character: CEO political ideology, peer influence, and adoption of CSR executive position by Fortune 500 firms
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Fung Anna , Murphy Chad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWe consider the link between firms' decisions to adopt a CSR executive position and the political ideology of prior adopter CEOs. We theorize that firms are more likely to adopt a CSR executive position when it has been previously adopted by conservative‐leaning CEOs at other firms, as opposed to liberal‐leaning CEOs. This effect is due, we argue, to the increased perceptual salience and situational attributions associated with ideologically incongruent actions (i.e., actions that appear inconsistent with known political values). We further posit that these effects are stronger when the observing firms experience increased salience of CSR issues due to shareholder pressure and institutional equivalence between the referent and the observing firms. We find support for these ideas in a longitudinal sample of Fortune 500 companies.Managerial SummaryHow do CEOs' values affect industry‐wide appointments of senior executives in charge of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? Prior research suggests that liberal political beliefs of CEOs predict their CSR commitments. Our study explores how the political beliefs of CEOs—in this case, CEOs who have created a new CSR executive position in their companies—influence the likelihood that peer CEOs will imitate their decisions. Specifically, we find that when conservative CEOs adopt a CSR executive position, other companies are more likely to follow than when liberal‐leaning CEOs do so. These effects are even stronger when companies are experiencing CSR‐related pressure from shareholders and when they belong to the same industry and community as the firms of the CEOs they are observing.
Vacancies in Self‐Assembled Crystals: An Archetype for Clusters Statistics at the Nanoscale
Authors: Pariente Jose Angel , Caselli Niccolò , Pecharromán Carlos , Blanco Alvaro , López Cefe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractComplex systems involving networks have attracted strong multidisciplinary attention since they are predicted to sustain fascinating phase transitions in the proximity of the percolation threshold. Developing stable and compact archetypes that allow one to experimentally study physical properties around the percolation threshold remains a major challenge. In nanoscale systems, this achievement is rare since it is tied to the ability to control the intentional disorder and perform a vast statistical analysis of cluster configurations. Here, a self‐assembly method to fabricate perfectly ordered structures where random defects can be introduced is presented. Building binary crystals from two types of dielectric nanospheres and selectively removing one of them creates vacancies at random lattice positions that form a complex network of clusters. Vacancy content can be easily controlled and raised even beyond the percolation threshold. In these structures, the distribution of cluster sizes as a function of vacancy density is analyzed. For moderate concentrations, it is found to be homogeneous throughout the structure and in good agreement with the assumption of a random vacancy distribution.