bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with elevated homocysteine level and disease development in vitiligo
Authors: Bagheri Hamidi Arash , Namazi Nastaran , Mohammad Amoli Mahsa , Amani Maliheh , Gholami Morteza , Youssefian Leila , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Abdollahimajd Fahimeh , Uitto Jouni 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence on the association of MTHFR gene polymorphism and serum homocysteine levels with autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo has made the MTHFR gene a very interesting candidate to be evaluated in different ethnicities and populations. We aimed to evaluate the levels of serum homocysteine and vitamin B12 and their associations with MTHFR C677T polymorphism in the Iranian population. This case–control study included 104 patients with vitiligo and 100 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy control subjects. Serum vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels were measured by a chemiluminescence assay. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis was used for genotyping the polymorphism. The mean serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in cases than controls and associated with disease activity (p < .001). Furthermore, the homozygous MTHFR C677T variant genotype was associated with vitiligo development (adjusted OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.09–11.32, p = .02) and elevated homocysteine level (p < .001). There was no association between serum vitamin B12 levels and the MTHFR C677T genotype. The homozygous variant MTHFR C677T may be considered as a risk factor for both elevated homocysteine levels and the development of vitiligo in the Iranian population. Although these results are not conclusive, they could elucidate the contribution of genetic and immune‐mediated inflammatory factors to the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
CpG‐ODN‐mediated TLR9 innate immune signalling and calcium dyshomeostasis converge on the NFκB inhibitory protein IκBβ to drive IL1α and IL1β expression
Authors: De Dios Robyn , Nguyen Leanna , Ghosh Sankar , McKenna Sarah , Wright Clyde J. 
Published: February 2020

SummarySterile inflammation contributes to many pathological states associated with mitochondrial injury. Mitochondrial injury disrupts calcium homeostasis and results in the release of CpG‐rich mitochondrial DNA. The role of CpG‐stimulated TLR9 innate immune signalling and sterile inflammation is well studied; however, how calcium dyshomeostasis affects this signalling is unknown. Therefore, we interrogated the relationship beτween intracellular calcium and CpG‐induced TLR9 signalling in murine macrophages. We found that CpG‐ODN‐induced NFκB‐dependent IL1α and IL1β expression was significantly attenuated by both calcium chelation and calcineurin inhibition, a finding mediated by inhibition of degradation of the NFκB inhibitory protein IκBβ. In contrast, calcium ionophore exposure increased CpG‐induced IκBβ degradation and IL1α and IL1β expression. These results demonstrate that through its effect on IκBβ degradation, increased intracellular Ca2+ drives a pro‐inflammatory TLR9‐mediated innate immune response. These results have implications for the study of innate immune signalling downstream of mitochondrial stress and injury.
Tests of Normality of Functional Data
Authors: Górecki Tomasz , Horváth Lajos , Kokoszka Piotr 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe paper is concerned with testing normality in samples of curves and error curves estimated from functional regression models. We propose a general paradigm based on the application of multivariate normality tests to vectors of functional principal components scores. We examine finite sample performance of a number of such tests and select the best performing tests. We apply them to several extensively used functional data sets and determine which can be treated as normal, possibly after a suitable transformation. We also offer practical guidance on software implementations of all tests we study and develop large sample justification for tests based on sample skewness and kurtosis of functional principal component scores.
Risk factors for hospitalized respiratory syncytial virus disease and its severe outcomes
Authors: Cai Wei , Buda Silke , Schuler Ekkehard , Hirve Siddhivinayak , Zhang Wenqing , Haas Walter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospital admission for acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children.ObjectivesWe aimed to identify risk factors for hospitalized RSV disease and its severe outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing data of a ICD‐10‐code‐based hospital surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI). Using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, we assessed age‐group, gender, season, and underlying medical conditions as possible risk factors for RSV and its severe outcomes including ICU admission, application of ventilator support, and death, respectively.ResultsOf the 413 552 patients hospitalized with SARI in the database, 8761 were diagnosed with RSV from week 01/2009 to 20/2018 with 97% (8521) aged <5 years. Among children aged <5 years, age‐groups 0‐5 months (OR: 20.29, 95% CI: 18.37‐22.41) and 6 months‐1 year (OR: 4.59, 95% CI: 4.16‐5.06), and underlying respiratory and cardiovascular disorders specific to the perinatal period (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11‐1.57) were risk factors for being diagnosed with RSV. Age‐group 0‐5 months (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.45‐3.94), low birth weight (OR: 6.77, 95% CI: 1.28‐35.71), preterm newborn (OR: 6.71, 95% CI: 2.19‐20.61), underlying respiratory and cardiovascular disorders specific to the perinatal period (OR: 4.97, 95% CI: 3.36‐7.34), congenital malformation of the heart (OR: 3.65, 95% CI: 1.90‐7.02), congenital malformation of the great vessels (OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.10‐11.18), congenital defect originating in perinatal period (OR: 4.07, 95% CI: 1.71‐9.70), cardiovascular disease (OR: 5.19, 95% CI: 2.77‐9.72), neurological disorders (OR: 6.48, 95% CI: 3.76‐11.18), blood disease (OR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.98‐6.79), and liver disease (OR: 14.99, 95% CI: 1.49‐150.82) contributed to ICU admission in RSV cases.ConclusionsUsing ICD‐10‐based surveillance data allows to identify risk factors for hospitalized RSV disease and its severe outcomes, and quantify the risk in different age‐groups.
The disproportionately high prevalence of learning disabilities amongst adults attending Saint Marys Sexual Assault Referral Centre
Authors: Majeed‐Ariss Rabiya , Rodriguez Pablo M. , White Catherine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a dearth of reliable data on sexual assault prevalence amongst people with learning disabilities. This work aims to identify the prevalence of learning disabilities amongst adult clients attending Saint Marys Sexual Assault Referral Centre and ascertain the similarities/differences amongst clients with learning disabilities as compared to clients without.MethodA short validated Learning Disability Screening Questionnaire was completed by adult clients attending Saint Marys for a forensic medical examination during a twelve‐month period.ResultsAmongst 679 clients who attended for an FME and completed the LDSQ, 8.2% were likely to have a learning disability and the presence of self‐reported: mental health issues (X2 = 11.24, p = .001), self‐harm (X2 = 5.63, p = .017) and substance misuse (X2 = 13.15906, p = .001).ConclusionsConsistent with the broader literature, people with learning disability were over‐represented in the sexually assaulted population emphasizing the importance of timely, accessible and appropriate patient‐centred care for this vulnerable group.
Editorial: Something new – what's next for child and adolescent psychiatry?
Authors: Jaffee Sara R. 
Published: February 2020

The start of a new decade is often the moment when people pause to reflect on what they have accomplished in the past 10–20 years and where they would like to be at the start of the next decade. Although not designed as such, the 2020 Annual Review issue engages in exactly this sort of a backwards and forwards look at the field of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology. In doing so, it covers topics that are at the core of the field and have preoccupied researchers and clinicians for decades. It also covers research endeavors that have only more recently captured the attention of the field and that build bridges to disciplines that have not historically been involved in the study of neurodevelopment. In every case, the authors who have contributed to the 2020 Annual Research Review highlight exciting new directions for research and make novel recommendations for how to advance the state of our science.
Autotransplantation of third molars with completely formed roots to replace compromised molars with the computer‐aided rapid prototyping
Authors: Xia Jia‐jia , Ge Zi‐yu , Fu Xiao‐hui , Zhang Yan‐zhen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a method to fabricate donor tooth replica to assist surgeons in preparation of recipient socket during tooth autotransplantation.Materials and MethodsA total of 28 compromised molars in 27 patients were transplanted with third molars using computer‐aided rapid prototyping (CARP) technique. Surgery time and extra‐alveolar time were documented. Postoperatively, the distance between cervix of transplanted tooth and the alveolar wall was measured. The degree of postoperative pain experienced was assessed with visual analog scale at day 1, 3, and 7.ResultsFrom 28 clinical cases, the average extra‐alveolar time and surgery time were 2.5 minutes (±1.3) and 44 minutes (±6.8), respectively. Postoperatively, the average distance between cervix of transplanted tooth and the alveolar wall was 0.87 mm (±0.15) at the mesial‐cervix, 0.95 mm (±0.17) at the distal‐cervix, 0.88 mm (±0.18) at the buccal‐cervix, and 0.95 mm (±0.13) at the lingual‐cervix. The value of visual analog scale score significantly decreased from day 1 to day 3.ConclusionsCARP is a reliable technique for fabrication of tooth like surgical replicas in conventional autotransplantation.Clinical SignificanceCARP technique minimized extra‐oral time, reduced iatrogenic damage, and consequently increased the survival rate of tooth autotransplantation.
Influence of fermentation followed by ultrasonication on functional properties of sorghum extrudates
Authors: Lohani Umesh C. , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtrusion process deals with a compromise between better texture and less nutrition. In the present study, sorghum flour was subjected to fermentation followed by ultrasonication prior to extrusion to increase the antioxidant activity (AA) and total phenolic content (TPC) in the flour. AA and TPC of the sorghum flour were increased when fermented for 12 hr and further decreased significantly with an increase in the fermentation time. During the ultrasonication, a significant diminution in AA and TPC of the flour was reported with an increment in the ultrasonication intensity and fermented flour to water ratio. No significant impact of the ultrasonication time was found on AA and TPC of the sorghum flour. Optimum AA and TPC were obtained as 178.8 μmol TE/100 g dry weight (DW) and 77.8 mg GAE/100 g DW, respectively. Extrudates obtained from the pretreated sorghum flour under optimum conditions had improved nutritional and textural qualities. Also, the pretreated sorghum flour showed low stability of starch crystallites and crystalline fraction.Practical ApplicationsMillets and sorghum possess high amounts of phenolics, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds. It was explicated from the results that the fermentation followed by the ultrasonication could improve the antioxidant activities and phenolics in the sorghum flour. Furthermore, sorghum extrudates with remarkable retention of antioxidant activity, phenolic content, functional, and textural properties were obtained. This technology may help the food industries to develop gluten‐free and healthy snacks by incorporating sorghum (underutilized cereal) into human diet.
First evidence of a functional spiracle in stem chondrichthyan acanthodians, with the oldest known elastic cartilage
Authors: Burrow Carole J. , Newman Michael J. , den Blaauwen Jan L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSpiracles are a general character of gnathostomes (jawed fishes), being present in antiarch placoderms, commonly regarded as the most basal gnathostome group. The presence of spiracular tubes in acanthodians has been deduced from grooves on the neurocranium of the derived acanthodiformAcanthodes bronnifrom the Permian of Germany, but until now these tubes were presumed to lack an external opening, rendering them non‐functional. Here we describe the external spiracular elements in specimens of the Middle Devonian acanthodiformsCheiracanthus murchisoni, Cheiracanthus latusandMesacanthus pusillusfrom northern Scotland, and the internal structure of these elements inC. murchisoni, demonstrating that the spiracle in acanthodiforms differed from all known extant and extinct fishes in having paired cartilage‐pseudobranch structures. This arrangement represents a transitional state between the presumed basal gnathostome condition with an unconstricted first gill slit (as yet not identified in any fossil) and the derived condition with a spiracle and a single pseudobranch derived from the posterior hemibranch of the mandibular arch. We identify the main tissue forming the pseudobranch as elastic cartilage, a tissue previously unrecorded in fossils.
Three‐dimensional morphogenesis of the omental bursa from four recesses in staged human embryos
Authors: Nakamura Tatsuro , Yamada Shigehito , Funatomi Takuya , Takakuwa Tetsuya , Shinohara Hisashi , Sakai Yoshiharu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe omental bursa (OB) is a complex upper abdominal structure in adults. Its morphological complexity stems from embryonic development. Approximately 200 years ago, the first theory regarding OB development was reported, describing that the OB developed from changes in the position of the stomach and its dorsal mesentery. Thereafter, the second theory reported that the OB originated from three recesses: the right pneumato‐enteric recess (rPER), hepato‐enteric recess (HER), and pancreatico‐enteric recess (PaER). However, the first theory, focusing on the rotation of the stomach, is still described in certain modern embryology textbooks. These two coexisting embryological theories deter the understanding of the anatomical complexity of the OB. This study aimed to unify these two theories into realistic illustrations. Approximately 10 samples per stage among Carnegie stage (CS) 13 and CS21 were microscopically observed and histological serial sections of the representative samples were aligned using the new automatic alignment method. The aligned images were segmented computationally and reconstructed into 3D models. The rPER and the HER encompassed the right half circumference of the esophagus and the stomach at CS13 and CS14, the PaER spread dorsal to the stomach and formed a discoid shape at CS15 and CS16, the infracardiac bursa (ICB) was separated by the diaphragm at CS17 and CS18, and the fourth recess, which we called the greater omental recess (GOR), extended caudally from the PaER among CS19 and CS21. The present results indicate that the fourth recess is also the origin of the OB. These two theories over 200 years can be generally unified into one embryological description indicating a new recess as the origin of the OB.
A systematic review of the views of healthcare professionals on the provision of long‐acting reversible contraception
Authors: Welsby Carri , Shipman Jessica , Roe Pen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch questionWhat are the views of healthcare professionals outside of the general practice setting on long‐acting reversible contraception?BackgroundDespite global sexual health organisations advocating for widespread prescription of long‐acting reversible contraception, uptake in developed countries remains relatively low. The role of healthcare professionals outside of the general practice setting in long‐acting reversible contraception provision requires further attention.DesignSystematic review.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched for existing qualitative findings using terms related to long‐acting reversible contraception and healthcare professional views for the period 2013–2018. A rigorous protocol was applied following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta‐Analyses checklist and flow diagram. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to assess the quality of studies. A total of six studies were included for thematic analysis.ResultsThree key themes emerged through analysis that had significant impact on healthcare professional views of long‐acting reversible contraception: (a) contraceptive counselling practices and constraints; (b) knowledge and training about long‐acting reversible contraception; and (c) concerns and personal beliefs about long‐acting reversible contraception.ConclusionsHealthcare professional views on long‐acting reversible contraception are shaped by practical time constraints, levels of knowledge and training, and personal beliefs and concerns. Further research is required to address these issues in order to improve clinical training and guidelines for all settings, not just general practice.Relevance to Clinical PracticeSettings outside of general practice need to be included within the scope of initiatives that aim to improve clinical practice around access to new and emerging contraceptive methods. Further research could inform models of clinical practice that enable healthcare professionals to take enough time to talk through all contraceptive options with patients in a way that both focuses on their individual needs and is fully informed by up‐to‐date evidence and training.
ANOTHER LOOK AT ‘BANK COMPETITION AND FINANCIAL STABILITY: MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING’?
Authors: Bandaranayake Samangi , Das Kuntal K. , Reed Robert W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study replicates Zigraiova and Havranek's (2016) meta‐analysis of banking competition and financial stability. It performs multiple types of replications: a ‘Reproduction’ replication where Z&H's data and code are verified to reproduce the results of their study; a ‘Repetition’ replication where the studies used by Z&H are independently recoded and then re‐analysed; an ‘Extension’ replication where additional studies on banking competition and stability are analysed; and a ‘Robustness Analysis’ where we check Z&H's results using an alternative empirical procedure. Our analysis strongly confirms Z&H's main finding that competition in the banking sector has an economically negligible effect on financial stability. This result is consistently confirmed across a variety of replication analyses. Most impressively, we confirm their finding even when we analyse a completely independent set of 35 studies not included in Z&H's meta‐analysis. Our results for Z&H's other findings are less supportive. As the first comprehensive replication of a meta‐analysis, this study also provides insights into the robustness of meta‐analysis. We find that meta‐regression analysis, where estimated effects are related to data, estimation, and study characteristics, is sensitive to how data are coded and to the choice of estimation procedure; and that this sensitivity extends to ‘best practice’ estimates.
Effects of intra‐oesophageal acid infusion and a stress task on masseter muscle activity and autonomic nervous activity in wakefulness
Authors: Maeda‐Iino Aya , Fukushima Mika , Sakoguchi Yoko , Omure Haruhito , Oishi Akihito , Oga Yasuhiko , Furukawa‐Sainoki Minami , Kanmura Shuji , Ido Akio , Miyawaki Shouichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease may be an important risk factor for awake bruxism. Additionally, it has been known that a psychological stress task affects masseter muscle activity, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity modulation induces masseter muscle activity.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether task‐induced stress and experimental oesophageal acid infusion increase masseter muscle activity and alter ANS activity, compared to rest task and oesophageal saline infusion, respectively.MethodsPolygraphic monitoring, consisting of electromyography of the masseter muscle and electrocardiography, was performed in 12 healthy adult men during 30‐min interventions with intra‐oesophageal saline or acid infusion, while reading a book quietly, as rest, and while performing calculation, as a stress task.ResultsAt rest, masseter muscle activity and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity during acid infusion were significantly higher (P = .019) and lower (P = .021) than during saline infusion, respectively. During saline infusion, both masseter muscle activity and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity or PNS activity while performing the calculation task were higher (P = .022 and .012, respectively) or lower (P = .007) than those during the reading task, respectively. In two‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA, intra‐oesophageal infusion (saline or acid) significantly affected masseter muscle activity (P = .008) and PNS activity (P = .021). However, performing tasks (reading or calculation) significantly affected only PNS activity (P = .028).ConclusionIntra‐oesophageal acid infusion significantly increased masseter muscle activity and decreased PNS activity. In contrast, stress task not only significantly decreased PNS activity, but only modestly increased masseter muscle activity and SNS activity.
Mouse to man, a mental health recovery journey
Authors: Hickmott Jarrad , Raeburn Toby 
Published: February 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

The need for recovery narratives written by people with lived experience of mental illness is widely acknowledged in mental health research.

Insights from lived experience narratives can assist nurses to reflect on practice in new ways.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

By describing the lived experience of one man's journey through adolescence crippled by anxiety to become one of the Australia's leading consumer advocates, this paper emphasizes the importance of retaining hope no matter how difficult challenges become.

What are the implications for practice?

Flexibility regarding service age limits for young people who experience mental illness is important, particularly if therapeutic relationships have been established.

Services should provide longer‐term treatment options for youth who experience mental illness.

Mental health nurses need to guard against too much focus on getting rid of symptoms. Nursing should seek to develop the whole of a person's life as they move along their recovery journey.