bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering thermophilic Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius for riboflavin production
Authors: Yang Zhiheng , Sun Qingqing , Tan Gaoyi , Zhang Quanwei , Wang Zhengduo , Li Chuan , Qi Fengxian , Wang Weishan , Zhang Lixin , Li Zilong 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe potential advantages for fermentation production of chemicals at high temperatures are attractive, such as promoting the rate of biochemical reactions, reducing the risk of contamination and the energy consumption for fermenter cooling. In this work, we de novo engineered the thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius to produce riboflavin, since this bacterium can ferment diverse carbohydrates at an optimal temperature of 60°C with a high growth rate. We first introduced a heterogeneous riboflavin biosynthetic gene cluster and enabled the strain to produce detectable riboflavin (28.7 mg l−1). Then, with the aid of an improved gene replacement method, we preformed metabolic engineering in this strain, including replacement of ribCGtg with a mutant allele to weaken the consumption of riboflavin, manipulation of purine pathway to enhance precursor supply, deletion of ccpNGtg to tune central carbon catabolism towards riboflavin production and elimination of the lactate dehydrogenase gene to block the dominating product lactic acid. Finally, the engineered strain could produce riboflavin with the titre of 1034.5 mg l−1 after 12‐h fermentation in a mineral salt medium, indicating G. thermoglucosidasius is a promising host to develop high‐temperature cell factory of riboflavin production. This is the first demonstration of riboflavin production in thermophilic bacteria at an elevated temperature.
Vertical farming systems bring new considerations for pest and disease management
Authors: Roberts Joe M. , Bruce Toby J. A. , Monaghan James M. , Pope Tom W. , Leather Simon R. , Beacham Andrew M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVertical farming is an emerging area of food production that aims to provide sustainable intensification of agriculture by maximising the obtainable yield per unit area of land. This approach commonly utilises stacked horizontal levels of crop growth in glasshouse or controlled environment (CE) facilities. Vertical farming has, however, received relatively little scientific investigation to date. Consequently, important factors such as economic feasibility, system design and optimisation of production methods are still being evaluated. Vertical farming methods bring additional considerations for the effective management of pests and diseases compared with conventional protected horticulture, such as movement of both pest and beneficial insects between growth levels. This article aims to provide a perspective on the positive and negative issues facing pest and disease control in Vertical farming systems. We highlight important considerations for system optimisation and areas for future investigation.
Association between mortality rates and medication and residential treatment after in‐patient medically managed opioid withdrawal: a cohort analysis
Authors: Walley Alexander Y. , Lodi Sara , Li Yijing , Bernson Dana , Babakhanlou‐Chase Hermik , Land Thomas , Larochelle Marc R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and aimMedically managed opioid withdrawal (detox) can increase the risk of subsequent opioid overdose. We assessed the association between mortality following detox and receipt of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and residential treatment after detox.DesignCohort study generated from individually linked public health data sets.SettingMassachusetts, USA.ParticipantsA total of 30 681 opioid detox patients with 61 819 detox episodes between 2012 and 2014.MeasurementsTreatment categories included no post‐detox treatment, MOUD, residential treatment or both MOUD and residential treatment identified at monthly intervals. We classified treatment exposures in two ways: (a) ‘on‐treatment’ included any month where a treatment was received and (b) ‘with‐discontinuation’ individuals were considered exposed through the month following treatment discontinuation. We conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses and extended Kaplan–Meier estimator cumulative incidence for all‐cause and opioid‐related mortality for the treatment categories as monthly time‐varying exposure variables.FindingsTwelve months after detox, 41% received MOUD for a median of 3 months, 35% received residential treatment for a median of 2 months and 13% received both for a median of 5 months. In on‐treatment analyses for all‐cause mortality compared with no treatment, adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) were 0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.27–0.43] for MOUD, 0.63 (95% CI = 0.47–0.84) for residential treatment and 0.11 (95% CI = 0.03–0.43) for both. In with‐discontinuation analyses for all‐cause mortality, compared with no treatment, AHRs were 0.52 (95% CI = 0.42–0.63) for MOUD, 0.76 (95% CI = 0.59–0.96) for residential treatment and 0.21 (95% CI = 0.08–0.55) for both. Results were similar for opioid‐related overdose mortality.ConclusionsAmong people who have undergone medically managed opioid withdrawal, receipt of medications for opioid use disorder, residential treatment or the combination of medications for opioid use disorder and residential treatment were associated with substantially reduced mortality compared with no treatment.
Potential for biological control of the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae), in Australia with parasitoid wasps
Authors: Ridland Peter M , Umina Paul A , Pirtle Elia I , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, poses a risk to vegetable and nursery production in mainland Australia since established in Cape York in 2015. Effective control overseas depends on maximising the impact of natural enemies. Problems with polyphagous Liriomyza pest species typically result from the destruction of their parasitoids by excessive use of non‐selective insecticides. Field studies are reviewed to identify parasitoid species involved in the biological control of L. sativae in open‐air and glasshouse production internationally and to assess the current knowledge of parasitoids of agromyzids in Australia. Overseas, invading Liriomyza populations have frequently been exploited by endemic parasitoids (often found on non‐pest agromyzid species), and non‐crop hosts have played a role as reservoirs of these parasitoids. The few published Australian field studies on the occurrence of agromyzid flies and their parasitoids show a large community of wasps attacking agromyzids, with species mainly from the Eulophidae, Pteromalidae and Braconidae. The most abundant recorded species are two cosmopolitan eulophid species, Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) and Diglyphus isaea (Walker), and four Australian species: two eulophid species, Zagrammosoma latilineatum Ubaidillah and Closterocerus mirabilis Edwards & La Salle, one pteromalid species, Trigonogastrella sp., and one braconid species, Opius cinerariae Fischer, for which there is little biological information. One deficiency in the known assemblage in Australia is the absence of parasitoids from the Eucoilinae (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), a subfamily with several abundant species attacking agromyzids overseas. The composition and impact of the endemic parasitoid assemblage in Australia on populations of L. sativae needs to be assessed adequately in the field before the importation of additional exotic parasitoid species is contemplated. Overseas, two species, D. isaea and Dacnusa sibirica Telenga, are reared commercially for augmentative biological control, although the relatively high cost of production has restricted their release to protected cropping situations. Knowledge gaps remain locally about the taxonomy, distribution, host range and life cycle of parasitoids, and their potential impact on L. sativae.
Correlation between the rate of intravitreal injections, use of aflibercept as a second‐line treatment and visual impairment for wet AMD in Finland
Authors: Karesvuo Petteri , Hakkala Laura , Kaarniranta Kai , Uusitalo Hannu , Ojamo Matti , Tuuminen Raimo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo correlate the rate of intravitreal anti‐VEGF injections and the use of aflibercept as a second‐line treatment with visual impairment throughout Finland.MethodsInformation related to anti‐VEGF treatment, proportions of bevacizumab and aflibercept and new visual impairments due to wet age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) was gathered from 5 university hospitals and 14 central hospital districts between 2015 and 2017 covering 232 568 injections and 1172 visual impairments.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2017, the number of annual total anti‐VEGF injections increased from 60 412 to 93 589 (+24.5% annual change) and of aflibercept injections from 8299 to 20 833 (+58.7% annual change). The 3‐year average for total anti‐VEGF injections ranged from 9.6 to 21.1 (median 13.3) per 1000 citizens between hospital districts and for aflibercept injections from 0.8 to 4.0 (median 1.9). According to the primary protocol for wet AMD, during 2015–2017, the number of total anti‐VEGF injections increased from 10.9 to 15.2 per 1000 citizens with the pro re nata (PRN) protocol and from 11.3 to 18.9 with the treat‐and‐extend regimen (TER). The 3‐year average of aflibercept injections as a second‐line treatment, but not the total number of anti‐VEGF or bevacizumab injections, inversely correlated with new onset visual impairments (R = −0.505, P = 0.027) in the hospital districts. The number of visual impairments did not differ between the hospital districts according to the PRN and TER protocols (1.23 ± 0.41 and 1.14 ± 0.67, respectively, per 1000 citizens aged ≥64 years, P = 0.713).ConclusionThese results emphasize that the use of aflibercept injections as a second‐line treatment may decrease new onset visual impairments.
Study on the algorithm for smart community sensor network routing with adaptive optimization via cluster head election
Authors: Yongqiang He 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo reduce the uneven energy consumption for the data transmission and extend network life of intelligent community sensor network, an adaptive routing optimized algorithm for intelligent community sensor networks with cluster head election is proposed. In this algorithm, a three‐dimensional clustering method adapted to the structure of intelligent community sensor network is proposed. The three‐dimensional clustering method uses the cluster head election mechanism based on minimizing the total transmission loss to optimize the energy of the intelligent community sensor network. Second, an adaptive ant colony propagation method is proposed to solve the problem of intercluster data propagation after clustering. With the best path finding algorithm of ant colony algorithm, energy balance routing with lower energy loss and lower packet error rate is proposed. Finally, the simulation results show that the algorithm has better performance in reducing energy consumption and delay, improving transmission efficiency and node survival
time.
Effect of opioid treatment on clinical outcomes among cirrhotic patients in the United States
Authors: Ali Bilal , Jiang Yu , Agbim Uchenna , Kedia Satish K. , Satapathy Sanjaya K. , Barnes Matthew , Maliakkal Benedict , Nair Satheesh P. , Eason James D. , Gonzalez Humberto C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOpioid medications are frequently used to address pain among patients with cirrhosis, including those on the liver transplant (LT) waitlist and after transplantation. However, opioid use has been associated with poor allograft outcomes and reduced transplant survival. We examined the impact of opioid use across the spectrum of advanced liver disease, from the initial hepatology consultation for cirrhosis through transplant referral, listing, and the post‐LT process.MethodsThe study includes all patients referred for cirrhosis management in a single healthcare system in the United States. Data were extracted retrospectively through medical chart review.ResultsOf 414 patients included in the study, 104 (25%) were treated with opioid. Patients on opioids were more likely to be White, have body mass indices (BMI) >30, have HCV, suffer from hepatic encephalopathy, cigarette smokers, and use benzodiazepines concurrently. Higher doses of opioids were associated with multiple emergency department (ED). Eighty‐nine underwent LT, including 20 opioid‐treated patients. There was no difference found between the opioid and non‐opioid groups with regard to allograft loss, ED visits, and hospital readmissions at 2 years post‐LT follow‐up.ConclusionsOpioid treatment was common among patients with cirrhosis. We did not find increased negative outcomes among opioid users across the spectrum of cirrhosis. However, the sample for LT patients was small.
Pretransplant left ventricular hypertrophy in association with postoperative myocardial injury in liver transplantation
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Yun , Yan Min , Xia Victor W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPretransplant left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common finding during preoperative cardiac evaluation. We hypothesized that patients with pretransplant LVH were associated with a higher risk of postoperative myocardial injury (PMI) in adult patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). A retrospective cohort analysis was performed by reviewing the medical records of adult patients who underwent LT between January 2006 and October 2013. Of 893 patients, the incidences of mild, moderate, and severe LVH were 7.8%, 5.6%, and 2.5%, respectively. Propensity match was used to eliminate the pretransplant imbalance between the LVH and non‐LVH groups. In after‐match patients, 23.5% of LVH patients developed PMI compared to 11.8% in the control group (P = .011). The incidence of PMI in patients with moderate‐severe degrees of LVH was significantly higher compared with that in patients with mild LVH (27.9% vs 19.1%, P = .016). When controlling intraoperative variables, patients with LVH had 4.5 higher odds of developing PMI (95% CI1.18‐17.19, P = .028). Patients experiencing PMI had significantly higher 1‐year mortality (37.5% vs 15.7%, log‐rank test P < .001). Our results suggest that patients with pretransplant LVH were at a high risk of developing PMI and should be monitored closely in the perioperative period. More studies are warranted.
Risk factors associated with progression to referable retinopathy: a type 2 diabetes mellitus cohort study in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Smith J. J. , Wright D. M. , Scanlon P. , Lois N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo determine factors associated with progression to referable diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes in the Republic of Ireland.Research design and methodsThe study was conducted in a dynamic cohort of 2770 people with type 2 diabetes, recruited between April 2005 and July 2013. Systemic factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, lipid levels, BMI) and baseline diabetic retinopathy grading results were evaluated at 4‐monthly and yearly intervals, respectively. Associations between risk factors (most recently recorded value, and rate of change in value between pairs of consecutive systemic evaluations) and development of referable diabetic retinopathy were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThere was a fourfold increased risk of progression to referral when retinopathy was present at baseline vs no retinopathy at baseline (hazard ratio 4.02, 95% CI 2.80–5.78; P<0.001). Higher current values of HbA1c (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.11–1.34; P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (hazard ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.15–1.45; P<0.001) and triglycerides (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.18; P=0.004) were associated with increased risk of referral. Higher current BMI (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.73–0.95; P=0.007) and diastolic blood pressure (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.97; P=0.006) were associated with reduced risk of referral.ConclusionsPresence of retinopathy at baseline was strongly associated with increased risk of referral. Modest associations between systemic factors and risk of progression to referable retinopathy were detected.
Quantitative readability analysis of websites providing information on traumatic brain injury and epilepsy: A need for clear communication
Authors: Correa Daniel José , Milano Lindsey , Kwon Churl‐Su , Jetté Nathalie , Dlugos Dennis , Harte‐Hargrove Lauren , Pugh Mary Jo , Smith Jessica K. , Moshé Solomon L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe use of the Internet for health‐related questions is increasing, but it is not clear whether individuals can understand the information available online. Most health organizations recommend that health educational materials (HEMs) be written below the sixth grade reading level. This study was designed to evaluate the readability level of available online HEMs pertaining to traumatic brain injury (TBI), epilepsy, and posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE).MethodsThis cross‐sectional readability assessment included HEMs from TBI and epilepsy stakeholder organizations and those obtained from four Internet searches. The search strategy was designed to replicate a nonmedical individual's keyword searches. Each HEM was assessed with an online automated readability tool using three indices (Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook). Findings were compared as a function of organization type (journalistic news or health organization), targeted medical condition (TBI, epilepsy, or PTE), or content topic (patient health education, clinical research education, or both).ResultsReadability analysis of 405 identified HEMs revealed scores above the sixth grade reading level recommendation. Only 6.2% of individual HEMs met the sixth grade recommendation. Journalistic news organizations’ HEMs had similar readability levels to health organizations’ HEMs. PTE‐related HEMs required the highest readability level, >11th grade (P < .001). There were significant differences in the readability scores (P < .01 for all indices) among HEMs with information on health education, research education, or both topics. The highest required readability level (>12 grade level) was for HEMs that included both health and research education.SignificanceThe majority of TBI‐, epilepsy‐, and PTE‐related online HEMs do not meet the sixth grade reading recommendation. Improving the readability of HEMs may advance health literacy around TBI, epilepsy, and PTE, leading to more effective participant recruitment/retention strategies for future antiepileptogenesis trials in persons with TBI and perhaps better patient‐centered outcomes.
Using a mouse model to gain insights into developmental coordination disorder
Authors: Gill Kamaldeep K. , Rajan Jeffy Rajan Soundara , Goldowitz Daniel , Zwicker Jill G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotor impairments are a common feature of many neurodevelopmental disorders; in fact, over 50% of children with Attentional Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or Autism Spectrum Disorder may have a co‐occurring diagnosis of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). DCD is a neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology that affects motor coordination and learning, significantly impacting a child's ability to carry out everyday activities. Animal models play an important role in scientific investigation of behaviour and the mechanisms and processes that are involved in control of motor actions. The purpose of this paper is to present an approach in the mouse directed to gain behavioral and genetic insights into DCD that is designed with high face validity, construct validity and predictive validity. Pre‐clinical and clinical expertise is used to establish a set of scientific criteria that the model will meet in order to investigate the potential underlying causes of DCD.
Maternal intrusiveness predicts infants’ event‐related potential responses to angry and happy prosody independent of infant frontal asymmetry
Authors: Huffmeijer Rens , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Gervain Judit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInfants’ social‐cognitive skills first develop within the parent–infant relationship, but large differences between parents exist in the way they approach and interact with their infant. These may have important consequences for infants’ social‐cognitive development. The current study investigated effects of maternal sensitive and intrusive behavior on 6‐ to 7‐month‐old infants’ ERP responses to a socio‐emotional cue that infants are often confronted with from an early age: emotional prosody in infant‐directed speech. Infants may differ in their sensitivity to environmental (including parenting) influences on development, and the current study also explored whether infants’ resting frontal asymmetry conveys differential susceptibility to effects of maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness. Results revealed that maternal intrusiveness was related to the difference in infants’ ERP responses to happy and angry utterances. Specifically, P2 amplitudes in response to angry sounds were less positive than those in response to happy sounds for infants with less intrusive mothers. Whether this difference reflects an enhanced sensitivity to emotional prosody or a (processing) preference remains to be investigated. No evidence for differential susceptibility was found, as infant frontal asymmetry did not moderate effects of sensitivity or intrusiveness.
The influence of modifier cations on the Raman stretching modes of Qn species in alkali silicate glasses
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Cedrick , Henderson Grant S. , Nesbitt H. Wayne , Bancroft G. Michael , Neuville Daniel R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Raman spectra of alkali silicate glasses containing 5 to 30 mol % M2O (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) have been fit successfully with pseudo‐Voigt lineshapes of dominantly Lorentzian character in order to quantify the Qn species distributions. This differs from the more popular Gaussian lineshapes which have been used for the past four decades. There is an increase in asymmetry in the Q3 band, with increasing M2O content which appears to result from the weakened Si‐O force constants of some Q3 bands due to charge transfer via M‐BO bonds. With charge transfer to the tetrahedra, the negative charge accumulates preferentially on Si atoms thus decreasing Si‐O Coulombic interactions, weakening Si‐O force constants, and shifting the Qn A1 symmetric stretch vibrational frequencies to lower values (eg, from ∼1100 cm−1 to ∼1050 cm−1). The fraction of affected Q3 species increases with alkali content, as does the Q3 peak asymmetry. We propose that this extends through to all the Qn species and postulate that there are multiple vibrational modes for each Qn species which are dictated by their proximity to network modifier cations.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing: From basic research to translational medicine
Authors: Jacinto Filipe V. , Link Wolfgang , Ferreira Bibiana I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe recent development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system as an efficient and accessible programmable genome‐editing tool has revolutionized basic science research. CRISPR/Cas9 system‐based technologies have armed researchers with new powerful tools to unveil the impact of genetics on disease development by enabling the creation of precise cellular and animal models of human diseases. The therapeutic potential of these technologies is tremendous, particularly in gene therapy, in which a patient‐specific mutation is genetically corrected in order to treat human diseases that are untreatable with conventional therapies. However, the translation of CRISPR/Cas9 into the clinics will be challenging, since we still need to improve the efficiency, specificity and delivery of this technology. In this review, we focus on several in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in human disease‐focused research, explore the potential of this technology in translational medicine and discuss some of the major challenges for its future use in patients.