bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big data, privacy and COVID-19 – learning from humanitarian expertise in data protection
Authors: Zwitter Andrej , Gstrein Oskar J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic leads governments around the world to resort to tracking technology and other data-driven tools in order to monitor and curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Such large-scale incursion into privacy and data protection is unthinkable during times of normalcy. However, in times of a pandemic the use of location data provided by telecom operators and/or technology companies becomes a viable option. Importantly, legal regulations hardly protect people’s privacy against governmental and corporate misuse. Established privacy regimes are focused on individual consent, and most human rights treaties know derogations from privacy and data protection norms for states of emergency. This leaves little safeguards nor remedies to guarantee individual and collective autonomy. However, the challenge of responsible data use during a crisis is not novel. The humanitarian sector has more than a decade of experience to offer. International organisations and humanitarian actors have developed detailed guidelines on how to use data responsibly under extreme circumstances. This article briefly addresses the legal gap of data protection and privacy during this global crisis. Then it outlines the state of the art in humanitarian practice and academia on data protection and data responsibility during crisis.
Smoke in the Great Plains, USA: an increasing phenomenon with potential policy and health implications
Authors: Starns Heath D. , Tolleson Douglas R. , Agnew Robert J. , Schnitzler Elijah G. , Weir John R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, as wildland fire occurrence has increased in the United States, concern about the emissions produced by wildland fires has increased as well. This growing concern is evidenced by an increase in scientific articles investigating effects of wildland smoke on public health, and ongoing research projects assessing wildland smoke hazards. We reviewed primary literature evaluating wildland smoke in the United States and determined that the vast majority of available literature addresses the northwestern and southeastern US. We discovered that a significant knowledge gap exists for the Great Plains, a region where wildfire and prescribed fire occur frequently. In this region, wildfire and prescribed fire are important economically, ecologically, and culturally. Given the paucity of data regarding emissions from Great Plains fuels and the increase in fire occurrence in the region, we suggest that more active research is needed to fill this gap.
The effect of natural matrix biopolymer membrane on hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: a pilot randomised clinical trial
Authors: Atias Ziva , Pederson John M , Mishra Hemant K , Greenberger Shoshana 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of natural matrix biopolymer membrane (NMBM) in the treatment of venous leg ulcers (VLUs). Method: Patients exhibiting one or more VLU were assigned to a test group receiving NMBM or to a control group receiving conventional treatment. Patients exhibiting venous insufficiency-related ulcers within 0.1–170cm 2 were included. Efficacy was assessed based on ulcer size and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores at baseline and at weeks one, two and four. Ulcer size and pain were compared between groups using a two-way ANOVA. Results: In this study, 25 patients with 32 VLUs (NMBM group: 14 patients with 17 ulcers; control group: 11 patients with 15 ulcers) were included in the final analysis. At four weeks after baseline measurements, the mean percentage change in VLU area of patients in the NMBM group was 61.6% (95% CI: 40.3–82.9) compared with 84.1% (95% CI: 56.5–111.7) for control group patients. Additionally, the mean percentage change in VLU volume of NMBM group patients was 51.2% (95% CI: 31.8–70.6) compared with 84.0% (95% CI: 57.0–121.0) for control group patients. The NMBM group patients exhibited a mean decrease of 0.38 (95% CI: –0.85–1.61) in VAS pain score over four weeks, compared with a mean decrease of 0.13 (95% CI: –1.32–1.58) for control group patients. No significant differences in VLU area (p=0.210), volume (p=0.122) or VAS pain score (p=0.460) were shown between groups. Conclusion: NMBM was found to be as effective and safe as the control group treatments. This pilot study suggests NMBM can be used safely to promote ulcer healing.
Simple technique for producing a 1D periodic intensity profile with a desired open fraction for optical sensor applications
Authors: Srisuphaphon Sorakrai , Buathong Sitti , Deachapunya Sarayut 
Published: May 2020

The interference contrast in a near-field diffraction pattern can be improved using an asymmetric grating with a small grating window. However, commercial asymmetrically shaped gratings are not available. Here, we report a method that overlaps two gratings to produce an arbitrary open fraction in the combination grating. Both theoretical simulation and experimental observations of the near-field Talbot effect are provided to validate this concept. A characterization of optical vortices is also used as a demonstration of potential applications. This method is simple and can improve the resolution in metrology with optical sensors.
Perfectly vertical surface grating couplers using subwavelength engineering for increased feature sizes
Authors: Kamandar Dezfouli Mohsen , Grinberg Yuri , Melati Daniele , Cheben Pavel , Schmid Jens H. , Sánchez-Postigo Alejandro , Ortega-Moñux Alejandro , Wangüemert-Pérez Gonzalo , Cheriton Ross , Janz Siegfried , Xu Dan-Xia 
Published: May 2020

We present perfectly vertical grating couplers for the 220 nm silicon-on-insulator platform incorporating subwavelength metamaterials to increase the minimum feature sizes and achieve broadband low back-reflection. Our study reveals that devices with high coupling efficiencies are distributed over a wide region of the design space with varied back-reflections, while still maintaining minimum feature sizes larger than 100 nm and even 130 nm. Using 3D-finite-difference time-domain simulations, we demonstrate devices with broadband low back-reflection of less than

−

20

d
B

over more than 100 nm bandwidth centered around the C-band. Coupling efficiencies of 72% and 67% are achieved for minimum feature sizes of 106 nm and 130 nm, respectively. These gratings are also more fabrication tolerant compared to similar designs not using metamaterials.
Déjà Vu at the Archive: Photography, National Narratives, and the Multiple Histories of the Smyrna Fire
Authors: Amygdalou Kalliopi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As original primary sources remain central to history writing, researchers strive to find new, unpublished documents. Each archival discovery is perceived to increase the importance and contribution of the research work, but like any other discovery, it is assumed to happen only once. Should the document be encountered by the researcher a second time, elsewhere, in a different archive or collection, the encounter often does not acquire the same significance, and the document might be bypassed easily. Visual documents in particular, which at times have been perceived as too unreliable while in other cases treated as authoritative testimonies, present additional challenges of analysis when found in multiple contexts. However, what if re-encountering the same material in different archives is key to unfolding its meanings and histories? What if such archival re-encounters deserve to be sought after rather than avoided? These questions are especially worthy of exploration when the research concerns sites and histories of conflict, in which archival material is often destroyed, withheld, or heavily politicized. In light of research on photographs of the 1922 Smyrna Fire in Greek, Turkish, and American archives, this paper explores the potential of archival re-encounters to expand and enrich historiographical analysis.
A Gift of Compassion: Welfare, Housing, and Domesticity in Contemporary Iran
Authors: Moafi Samaneh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article examines the largest welfare housing project in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–2020). It sets out to present a particular method of research that, borrowing from the discipline of anthropology, takes planning documents as a point of departure. I will inquire into the ways state-initiated architectural projects intersect with the demands and realities of domesticity and residents' everyday habits of living, giving particular attention to the gender roles and class identities in welfare housing projects and the position of female beneficiaries in relation to their family as well as the larger society. Using the example of the Mehr project in Iran, I demonstrate how housing operated for government officials as a means for re-organizing society along the axes of patronage and patriarchy. Moving to the field of everyday life, however, and building on the discourses of domesticity and women's struggle, I unpack how, starting from the intimate scale of the domestic, welfare can serve as the basis for a newly empowered beneficiary to conceive her rights and exercise them. The research that is presented in this paper challenges the negative conception of welfare housing as mere charitable aid devoid of any potential for supporting the social rights of a people.
'#OccupyGezi Architecture' and Archival Tactics of Resistance
Authors: Artan Elif Çiğdem 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Herkes için Mimarlık ('Architecture for All', HiM) is a group of architects, urban planners, designers, and sociologists who conduct participatory renovation projects. They were involved in the Occupy Gezi Park movement by questioning top-down urban politics in Istanbul, developing a series of online and on-site events including the Gezi Festivals, interview videos, timelines, zines, and exhibitions. Working from these case studies, this article examines the ways HiM archived the occupied milieu as a means of resistance: How do the materials that HiM documented during the Occupy Gezi Park movement contribute to knowledge production through a non-authoritarian and a non-linear history writing? I argue that temporality plays a crucial role in this process, as it is impossible to predetermine the duration of a protest movement and the course of events complicates decision-making regarding what to include or exclude in the archive. Through in-depth interviews and archival research that focus on HiM's public events and design works, this article examines the group's curatorial and documentation practices with respect to questions of authenticity, authorship, accessibility, and security.
Experimental investigation of new optical antenna designs found by a genetic algorithm
Authors: Feichtner Thorsten , Selig Oleg , Kiunke Markus , Hecht Bert 
Published: May 2020

Most currently studied optical antenna geometries are based on radio wave antenna designs. However, material properties at optical frequency largely differ from the perfect metal case at radio frequencies. Recently, evolutionary algorithms (EA) [1] were used in the field of Plasmonics to find novel geometries however with strongly limited configuration space [2].
We developed an EA capable of handling complex multiparticle geometries. In a first application we optimized near-field intensity enhancement produced by antenna structures in a single point [3]. We found a novel geometry, i.e. a nano antenna/split-ring hybrid antenna for which the near-field intensity enhancement is strongly increased. Yet these structures are not suitable for experimental realization.
Here we show the results of an adapted EA which uses primitive elements that are compatible with an experimental fabrication step using FIB. The performance of the realized structures is characterized by means of confocal two-photon-photoluminescence-(2PPL)-microscopy. We find that the hierarchy of performances found in individuals taken from sequential generations of the EA can be reproduced in fabricated structures.
Determinants of demand for banking facilities a practical study of a sample of beneficiaries in DHI QAR governorate
Authors: Chetheer Mazaal Wafaa 
Published: May 2020

Banking facilities are a very important function, as banking departments are concerned about the most important aspects of the recruitment of their funds and the main source of their revenues, The banks have been and continue to act as a financial intermediary between the audience of depositors and investors, they collect savings and guide them to different areas of investment, So we find it interested in the development of credit policies that take into account the achievement of the objectives of the bank and satisfy the requirements of customers and banking laws and legislation, From here, the research highlighted the most important factors affecting the demand for these facilities by applying to a sample of beneficiaries in Dhi Qar Governorate through the distribution of a questionnaire form designed for that purpose, The results of the study showed that the most important of these factors is the high interest rates and discount, which is an obstacle in the request for banking facilities, In light of these recommendations, the most important of which was the need to reconsider the interest rates and discount to encourage customers to request banking facilities and commensurate with the prevailing economic situation and investment opportunities available.Â Â
DAYA TARIK MENJAMURNYA RESTORAN KOREA DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hasanah Ummul - , Rencidiptya Theresia Avila 
Published: May 2020

Korean restaurants in Yogyakarta are flourishing in the past ten years. A lot of Korean restaurants, either in small or big scale, are not only attracting people living in Yogyakarta but also attracting the tourists coming to Yogyakarta. This paper is the result of quantitative and qualitative research with the research object students of Diploma Korean Language Program, Vocational College, Gadjah Mada University. The respondents were selested because those students are millenial generation who follow the fast growing of Korean restaurants in Yogyakarta while at the same time the main customers of those restaurants. As result of the research, the reasons why Korean restaurats exist in Yogyakarta because they need to expand their market outside of Korea and many people are interested coming to Korean restaurants because it is the easiest way to taste Korean cuisine as part of Korean culture without coming to South Korea. Moreover, the difficulties experienced by customers when eating in Korean restaurants are questioning whether the food or drink served is halal (because pork and alcohol are the common dishes in Korea) and the price which is more expensive than the price of Indonesian local foods .Tulisan ini membahas mengenai fenomena menjamurnya berbagai restoran Korea di Yogyakarta dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir. Berbagai restoran Korea, baik dalam skala kecil maupun besar tersebut tidak hanya menarik bagi warga yang tinggal di Yogyakarta tetapi juga turis yang datang ke Yogyakarta. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan objek penelitian mahasiswa Prodi D3 Bahasa Korea, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Objek tersebut dipilih karena mereka merupakan generasi millenial yang mengikuti perkembangan pesat tumbuhnya restoran Korea di Yogyakarta sekaligus penikmat utama dari restoran-restoran tersebut. Tulisan ini juga membahas mengapa restoran Korea tersebut banyak muncul di Yogyakarta dan mengapa banyak orang tertarik untuk pergi ke restoran Korea di Yogyakarta. Selain itu juga dibahas mengenai hambatan saat berkunjung ke restoran Korea, diantaranya adalah makanan yang disajikan belum tentu halal (karena daging babi dan alkohol adalah menu yang sangat wajar di makanan Korea) dan harga yang lebih mahal dari makanan Indonesia.
Clothing problems and expectations of pregnant women
Authors: Arga Şahinoğlu Meyrem , Buluş Hande Ecem 
Published: May 2020

Pregnancy period is an important and special process due to the physiological, psychological, social changes that occur before and after birth and the change in body appearance. In this process, it is very important for pregnant women to look beautiful in clothes and feel comfortable. Accordingly, it is aimed to determine the preferences, problems and expectations of pregnant women regarding pregnant clothes.
Pregnant women living in Ankara province are the population of the research using screening method; the sample consists of 247 pregnant women selected by the purposive sampling method. A questionnaire was prepared to collect data in the research. The data obtained as a result of the survey were analyzed using statistical methods and interpreted over tables. As a result of the research; pregnant women are expensive when purchasing maternity clothes and are not suitable for the body; while using maternity clothes, it is concluded that the colors of the fabrics fade and whether the clothes can be worn comfortably or not.
​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
Özet
Hamilelik dönemi, doğum öncesinde ve sonrasında yaşanan fizyolojik, psikolojik, sosyal değişimler ve vücut görüntüsünde yaşanan değişiklik nedeniyle önemli ve özel bir süreçtir. Hamile kadınların bu süreçte giysilerin içinde güzel görünmek ve kendilerini rahat hissetmeleri oldukça önemli olmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda hamile kadınların hamile giysilerine ilişkin tercihleri, sorunları ve beklentilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Tarama yönteminin kullanıldığı araştırmanın evrenini, Ankara ilinde yaşayan hamile kadınlar; örneklemini ise amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 247 hamile kadın oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla anket hazırlanmıştır. Anket sonucunda elde edilen veriler istatistiksel yöntemlerden faydalanılarak analiz edilmiş ve tablolar üzerinden yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; hamile kadınların, hamile giysisi satın alırken pahalı olması ve vücuda uygun giysi olmaması; hamile giysisi kullanırken ise, kumaşların renklerinin solması ve giysilerin rahat giyilip çıkarılmaması konularında sorun yaşadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Effect of calcitriol combined with sevelamer carbonate on serum parathyroid hormone in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Zheng Hui , Liu Zhinan 
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to observe and analyze the effect of calcitriol combined with sevelamer carbonate on serum parathyroid hormone in patients with chronic renal failure. This study included 180 patients who had been treated for chronic renal failure in our hospital were enrolled as research objects. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: a research group and a control group, each containing 90 cases. The research group was treated with calcitriol combined with sevelamer carbonate, and the control group was treated with calcitriol alone. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were observed and analyzed by SPSS 21. Comparing the levels of blood indexes (Ca, Cr, P, ALP, iPTH, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C) of the two groups showed no significant difference between the two groups, P <0.05. Our results have the effect of different treatment regimens, the improvement effect of various blood indicators in the research group was significantly better than the control group, p<0.05. We concluded that the combined therapy of calcitriol and sevelamer carbonate in chronic renal failure patients can significantly improve the therapeutic effect, and at the same time actively improve the serum parathyroid hormone level, which is a treatment model that can be popularized and applied.
Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Tibetan monks from Gansu Province, Northwest China
Authors: Fang Yan , Li Xing-hui , Qiao Yan , Wang Nan , Xie Ping , Zhou Gang , Su Peng , Ma Hui-yuan , Song Ji-yang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTibetan monks have a special way of life and food habits, however, little is known about their dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and risk factors of this population. A cross-sectional study of dyslipidemia was conducted in 876 Tibetan monks and 912 local residents in the same area. All subjects underwent interviews and physical examinations. The total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) of the subjects were analyzed. Compared to local residents, the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in monks was 29.5%, which was significantly lower (p<0.05). It was increased with higher age and BMI, but reduced with higher educational level (p<0.05). The typical forms of dyslipidemia in monks were elevated TG and low HDL-C, while it was lower HDL-C in residents (p<0.05). Our study demonstrated that monks in Gannan Tibetan autonomous district had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia. It suggested that the relatively healthy lifestyle and food habits of monks were mainly responsible of the lower prevalence of dyslipidemia.
Retrouver et comprendre les textes perdus des historiens arabes : l’exemple du
Kitāb al-Futūḥ
de ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. Abī al-Muhāǧir
Authors: Mkacher Anis 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper tries to explore the origin of an Ifrīqiyan historical school active in the middle of the 9th century throughout the unfortunately lost work of the chronicler ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. Abī l-Muhājir Dīnār. This paper opens with a gathering of all the excerpts of this list work which have been copied by other writers. Apart from the study of the historical importance of those “new” fragments, we’ll try to understand the nature of this work and the strategies of its composition.
Sunnifying ʿAlī: Historiography and Notions of Rebellion in Ibn Kathīr’s
Kitāb al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya
Authors: Hagler Aaron 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the era of the “Sunnī Revival” and the couple of centuries following, scholars engaged in a large historiographical project aimed at rehabilitating the reputation of the Umayyad dynasty and Syria’s role in the early Islamic narrative. One of Ibn Kathīr’s historiographical missions in his history Kitāb al-Bidāya wa-l-nihāya was specifically the defense of the Companions of the Prophet. As such, the narrative of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib required some manipulation to answer Shīʿī narratives that cast some of the most important Companions (especially those associated with the Umayyads and Syria) in a rebellious light. This article explores the literary-narrative strategies Ibn Kathīr employs to alter the narrative so as to counteract the implications of the pro-ʿAlīd versions of the story he found in his sources, especially al-Ṭabarī’s Taʾrīkh al-Rusul wa-l-mulūk.