bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adoption of the transoral endoscopic vestibular approach by head and neck surgeons without prior laparoscopic/robotic experience
Authors: Khafif Avi , Cohen Oded , Masalha Muhamed , Yaish Iris , Hod Keren , Assadi Niddal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransoral endoscopic vestibular approach (TOEVA) for thyroidectomy (TOETVA) and parathyroidectomy (TOEPVA) is gaining popularity, yet knowledge is based on a limited number of studies, mostly performed by surgeons experienced in laparoscopic\robotic surgery.MethodsAll patients who underwent TOEVA at our institution between February 2018 and October 2019 were followed prospectively. Main outcomes were ability to accomplish surgery endoscopically (failure defined as conversion to open approach) and complications.ResultsSeventy‐one patients (52 TOETVA and 19 TOEPVA) were included. 98% (51/52) and 100% (19/19) of TOETVA and TOEPVA surgeries were accomplished endoscopically, respectively. Transient vocal cord and mental nerve injuries rates were 8.4% (6/71) and 2.8% (2/71), respectively. Thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in 27 patients (51.9%), all completely excised with clean margins.ConclusionsAdoption of the TOEVA suggested framework by head and neck surgeons without prior experience in laparoscopic/robotic techniques is feasible resulting in nearly 100% of surgeries accomplished endoscopically.
Modelling non‐stationary water ages in a tropical rainforest: A preliminary spatially distributed assessment
Authors: Correa Alicia , Birkel Christian , Gutierrez Jason , Dehaspe Joni , Durán‐Quesada Ana María , Soulsby Chris , Sánchez‐Murillo Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPristine tropical forests play a critical role in regional and global climate systems. For a better understanding of the eco‐hydrology of tropical “evergreen” vegetation, it is essential to know the partitioning of water into transpiration and evaporation, runoff and associated water ages. For this purpose, we evaluated how topography and vegetation influence water flux and age dynamics at high temporal (hourly) and spatial (10 m) resolution using the Spatially Distributed Tracer‐Aided Rainfall‐Runoff model for the tropics (STARRtropics). The model was applied in a tropical rainforest catchment (3.2 km2) where data were collected biweekly to monthly and during intensive monitoring campaigns from January 2013 to July 2018. The STARRtropicsmodel was further developed, incorporating an isotope mass balance for evapotranspiration partitioning into transpiration and evaporation. Results exhibited a rapid streamflow response to rainfall inputs (water and isotopes) with limited mixing and a largely time‐invariant baseflow isotope composition. Simulated soil water storage showed a transient response to rainfall inputs with a seasonal component directly resembling the streamflow dynamics which was independently evaluated using soil water content measurements. High transpiration fluxes (max 7 mm/day) were linked to lower slope gradients, deeper soils and greater leaf area index. Overall water partitioning resulted in 65% of the actual evapotranspiration being driven by vegetation with high transpiration rates over the drier months compared to the wet season. Time scales of water age were highly variable, ranging from hours to a few years. Stream water ages were conceptualized as a mixture of younger soil water and slightly older, deeper soil water and shallow groundwater with a maximum age of roughly 2 years during drought conditions (722 days). The simulated soil water ages ranged from hours to 162 days and for shallow groundwater up to 1,200 days. Despite the model assumptions, experimental challenges and data limitation, this preliminary spatially distributed model study enhances knowledge about the water ages and overall young water dominance in a tropical rainforest with little influence of deeper and older groundwater.
Effective methylation triage of HPV positive women with abnormal cytology in a middle‐income country
Authors: Ramírez Arianis Tatiana , Sánchez Gloria Inés , Nedjai Belinda , Agudelo María Cecilia , Brentnall Adam R. , Cuschieri Kate , Castañeda Kelly Melisa , Cuzick Jack , Lorincz Attila T. ,   ASC‐US‐COL Trial Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe S5‐methylation test, an alternative to cytology and HPV16/18 genotyping to triage high‐risk HPV‐positive (hrHPV+) women, has not been widely validated in low‐middle‐income countries (LMICs). We compared S5 to HPV16/18 and cytology to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) and CIN3+ in hrHPV+ women selected from a randomized pragmatic trial of 2661 Colombian women with an earlier‐borderline abnormal cytology. We included all hrHPV+ CIN2 and CIN3+ cases (n = 183) age matched to 183 <CIN2 hrHPV+. Baseline specimens were HPV‐genotyped and tested by S5‐methylation, blinded to cytology, histology and initial HPV results. We evaluated the test performance of predefined S5‐classifier (cut‐point 0.8) and a post hoc classifier at a different cut‐point (3.1). S5 sensitivity for CIN2+ was 82% (95% confidence interval [CI] 76.4‐87.5) and for CIN3+ 77.08% (95% CI 65.19‐88.97). S5 sensitivity was higher than HPV16/18 sensitivity (48.1%, 95% CI 40.85‐55.33) or cytology (31.21%, 95% CI 24.50‐37.93) but with lower specificity (35%, 95% CI 28.1‐42). At cut‐point 3.1, S5 sensitivity for CIN2+ (55.2%, 95% CI 48‐62.4) or CIN3+ (64.6%, 95% CI 51.0‐78.1) was also superior to HPV16/18 (P < .05) or cytology (P < .0001). At this cut‐point S5 specificity (76%, 95% CI 69.8‐82.1 for <CIN2) was higher than HPV16/18 (67.21%, 95% CI 60.41‐74.01, P = .0062) and similar to cytology (75.57%, 95% CI 69.34‐81.79, P = 1). HPV16/18 plus cytology sensitivity was similar to S5 for CIN3+, however, false‐positive rate was higher (50.27% vs. 24.04%). High sensitivity is crucial in LMICs, S5‐methylation exceeded HPV16/18 or cytology sensitivity with comparable specificity for CIN2+ and CIN3+ in hrHPV‐positive Colombian women. Furthermore, S5 triage had comparable sensitivity and significantly fewer false positives than cytology and HPV16/18 combination.
Comparison of immediate colposcopy, repeat conventional cytology and high‐risk human papillomavirus testing for the clinical management of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance cytology in routine health services of Medellin, Colombia: The ASCUS‐COL trial
Authors: Baena Armando , Agudelo Maria C. , Lopez Carolina , Ramírez Arianis Tatiana , Castañeda Kelly Melisa , Bedoya Astrid M. , Riveros Marcela , Posada Guadalupe , Borrero Mauricio , Buitrago Carlos A. , Suescun David , Gomez Luis J. , Ochoa Juan C. , Stoler Mark , Gage Julia , Castle Philip E. , Sasieni Peter , Almonte Maribel , Herrero Rolando , Sanchez Gloria I. ,   for the ASCUS‐COL Trial Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the context of opportunistic cervical cancer screening settings of low‐and‐middle‐income countries, little is known about the benefits of high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing on high‐grade cervical abnormality detection among women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) cytology in routine clinical practice. We compared the effectiveness of immediate colposcopy (IC), conventional cytology at 6 and 12 months (colposcopy if ≥ASC‐US) (RC) and hrHPV testing (colposcopy if hrHPV‐positive) (HPV) to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe diagnoses (CIN2+) among women aged 20 to 69 years with ASC‐US in routine care. Participants (n = 2661) were evenly randomized into three arms (n = 882 IC, n = 890 RC, n = 889 HPV) to receive services by routine healthcare providers and invited to an exit visit 24 months after recruitment. Histopathology was blindly reviewed by a quality‐control external panel (QC). The primary endpoint was the first QC‐diagnosed CIN2+ or CIN3+ detected during three periods: enrolment (≤6 months for IC and HPV, ≤12 months for RC), follow‐up (between enrolment and exit visit) and exit visit. The trial is completed. Colposcopy was done on 88%, 42% and 52% of participants in IC, RC and HPV. Overall, 212 CIN2+ and 52 CIN3+ cases were diagnosed. No differences were observed for CIN2+ detection (P = .821). However, compared to IC, only HPV significantly reduced CIN3+ cases that providers were unable to detect during the 2‐year routine follow‐up (relative proportion 0.35, 95% CI 0.09‐0.87). In this context, hrHPV testing was the most effective and efficient management strategy for women with ASC‐US cytology.
The immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cell‐based therapy in human and animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Radmanesh Fereshteh , Mahmoudi Mahmoud , Yazdanpanah Esmaeil , Keyvani Vahideh , Kia Nadia , Nikpoor Amin Reza , Zafari Parisa , Esmaeili Seyed‐Alireza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease with no absolute cure. Although the exact etiopathogenesis of SLE is still enigmatic, it has been well demonstrated that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors trigger a disturbance in immune responses and thereby participate in the development of this condition. Almost all available therapeutic strategies in SLE are primarily based on the administration of immunosuppressive drugs and are not curative. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a subset of non‐hematopoietic adult stem cells that can be isolated from many adult tissues and are increasingly recognized as immune response modulating agents. MSC‐mediated inhibition of immune responses is a complex mechanism that involves almost every aspect of the immune response. MSCs suppress the maturation of antigen‐presenting cells (DC and MQ), proliferation of T cells (Th1, T17, and Th2), proliferation and immunoglobulin production of B cells, the cytotoxic activity of CTL and NK cells in addition to increasing regulatory cytokines (TGF‐β and IL10), and decreasing inflammatory cytokines (IL17, INF‐ϒ, TNF‐α, and IL12) levels. MSCs have shown encouraging results in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases, in particular SLE. This report aims to review the beneficial and therapeutic properties of MSCs; it also focuses on the results of animal model studies, preclinical studies, and clinical trials of MSC therapy in SLE from the immunoregulatory aspect.
RETRACTED: Two Zn(II)‐based meta‐organic frameworks: Selective detection of antibiotics and treatment activity on age‐related macular degeneration by reducing inflammasome activation
Authors: Zhang Ya , Sun Fei , Liu Hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVia utilizing the mixed‐ligand method, two novel Zn(II)‐containing meta‐organic frameworks with the chemical formula of {[Zn(L)(5‐HIP)]·H2O}n (1) and [Zn(L)(2,6‐NDC)]n (2) were prepared under the solvothermal conditions by applying aromatic dicarboxylic acids ligands (5‐H2HIP = 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid; 2,6‐H2NDC = 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid) and 1,4‐bis(benzimidazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐butylene (L). Due to its good water stability as well as the strong luminescent emission around room temperature, complex 2 has the high selectivity and sensibility of fluorescence detection to the ceftriaxone sodium (a kind of antibiotic) with the detection limit up to ppm lever. The treatment activity of the compounds on age‐related macular degeneration was assessed and the specific mechanism was investigated. First of all, the inflammasome activation in the endothelial cells of retina was evaluated with western blot. In addition to this, the down‐stream production of the inflammasome activation was also measured with ELISA detection kit.
Prediction of available phosphorus in soil: Combined use for crop production and water quality protection
Authors: Kristoffersen Annbjørg Øverli , Krogstad Tore , Øgaard Anne Falk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOptimizing phosphorus (P) application to agricultural soils is fundamental to crop production and water quality protection. We sought to relate soil P tests and P sorption characteristics to both crop yield response to P application and environmentally critical soil P status. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown in pot experiments with 45 soils of different P status. Half the pots were fertilized at 20 kg P ha−1, and half received no P. Soils were extracted with ammonium lactate, sodium bicarbonate (Olsen P), dilute salt (0.0025 M CaCl2), and diffusive gradient in thin films. Soil adsorption coefficients were determined using the Freundlich isotherm equation, and the degree of P saturation was determined from both oxalate and ammonium lactate extracted Fe, Al, and P. All soil P analyses showed a nonlinear and significant relationship with yield response to P application, and all analyses manifested a threshold value above which no P response was observed. For the commonly used ammonium lactate test, inclusion of Al and Fe improved prediction of plant‐available soil P. The threshold for yield response coincided with the environmentally critical values determined from the degree of P saturation. Results support the conclusion that soil P levels for which no P application is needed also have elevated risk of P loss to runoff.
Cardiac MRI Reveals Late Diastolic Changes in Left Ventricular Relaxation Patterns During Healthy Aging
Authors: Lin Kai , Ma Heng , Sarnari Roberto , Li Debiao , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Markl Michael , Carr James C. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundCardiac MRI is an emerging modality for evaluating left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), a pathological condition that is prevalent in aging populations. However, there is a lack of reports of MRI‐derived LV diastolic properties in late diastole.PurposeTo test the hypothesis that cine MRI‐derived motion/deformation indices can be used to characterize age‐related changes on LV relaxation patterns in late diastole.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 412 participants (72.5 ± 4.6 years old, range 65–84) without a documented history of cardiovascular diseases.Field Strength/SequenceBalanced steady‐state free precession(bSSFP) acquired at 1.5T.AssessmentParticipants were divided into younger (65–74 years old, n = 275) and older (75–84 years old, n = 137) groups. Status of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and lipid disorders were recorded for each participant. Cine MRI datasets were analyzed by using heart deformation analysis (HDA). LV motion/deformation indices (displacement, velocity, strain, and strain rate) were measured through 22 phases within a cardiac cycle.Statistical TestsThe prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk conditions, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), peak LV regional displacement, velocity, and strain rates at early and late diastole were compared between two participant groups using chi‐square tests or t‐tests.ResultsOlder participants had a significantly lower peak early radial displacement (0.797 ± 0.249 cm vs. 0.876 ± 0.286 cm), radial velocity (19.3 ± 6.3 mm/s vs. 17.5 ± 5.2 mm/s), and circumferential strain rate (64.6 ± 15.7%/s vs. 70.1 ± 17%/s) but a higher peak late circumferential strain rate (69.8 ± 16.3 %/s vs. 66 ± 15.8 %/s) than their younger counterparts.Data ConclusionCine MRI can be used to characterize age‐related LV relaxation patterns in late diastole.Level of Evidence3.Technical Efficacy Stage1.
Combined approach consisting of slightly acidic electrolyzed water and chitosan coating to improve the internal quality of eggs during storage
Authors: Sheng Xiaowei , Shu Dengqun , Li Yanjiao , Zhan Zhewen , Yuan Xingyun , Liu Sanfeng , Wu Hongxiang , Bing San , Zang Yitian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSlightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) has been shown to offer a promising alternative for the inactivation of bacteria on egg surfaces, but the cuticle of the egg is damaged during this disinfection process. However, if SAEW disinfection is followed by chitosan (CS) coating treatment, this will construct a new membrane and prevent the loss of moisture and carbon dioxide through the damaged cuticle. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of SAEW disinfection followed by CS coating treatment for improving the internal quality of eggs during 6 weeks of storage at 25 °C.RESULTSScanning electron microscopy revealed that SAEW‐treated eggs had deeper and wider cracks than control eggs stored between 0 and 21 days. Moreover, the depth and width of the cracks in the uncoated eggs increased as storage time increased. However, the CS coating method was successfully used on SAEW‐disinfected eggs to construct a barrier against the negative effects of shell damage. After 6 weeks of storage at 25 °C, the yolk index, albumen pH, Haugh unit value and weight loss value of the SAEW + CS group were 0.31%, 9.01%, 63.72% and 5.35%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSA combination of SAEW and CS was more effective at maintaining internal egg quality than SAEW or CS treatments alone during storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating Lymph Node Stiffness to Differentiate Bacterial Cervical Lymphadenitis and Lymph Node–First Presentation of Kawasaki Disease by Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Qin Qin , Wang Dandan , Xu Lili , Lan Yuxia , Tong Minghui 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of our study was to evaluate the potential of cervical lymph node shear wave elastography (SWE) to quantify the lymph node stiffness (kilopascals) noninvasively among patients with lymph node–first presentation of Kawasaki disease (NFKD), patients with bacterial cervical lymphadenitis (BCL), and healthy children (HC). We further aimed to investigate the correlation of laboratory data and lymph node stiffness to provide a reference basis for the early diagnosis of NFKD.MethodsLymph node stiffness measurements were prospectively performed in 47 patients with NFKD, 56 patients with BCL, and 56 HC using SWE. Cervical SWE was compared in the groups. Factors associated with increased cervical lymph node stiffness were studied.ResultsThe mean elasticity of the largest cervical lymph nodes was significantly higher in the BCL group than the NFKD and HC groups (mean elasticity ± SD, 16.37 ± 2.45, 12.22 ± 2.64, and 7.81 ± 1.67 kPa, respectively; P < .01), with a cutoff of 14.55 kPa (area under the curve, 0.885; sensitivity, 89%; and specificity, 76%). In patients with NFKD, interleukin 6 (standardized β = 0.363; P = .01), alanine aminotransferase (standardized β = 0.253; P = .03), aspartate aminotransaminase (standardized β = 0.536; P = .047), and total bilirubin (standardized β = 0.486; P < .01) values were correlated with increased largest cervical lymph node stiffness.ConclusionsCervical lymph node stiffness was different between NFKD and BCL. Shear wave elastography is a potential method to identify clinically distinguishable early NFKD.
Unbiased Measure of General Quality of Life in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Reveals Disease Modifiers
Authors: Epperson Madison V. , McCann Adam C. , Phillips Katie M. , Caradonna David S. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with a significant decrease in general health‐related quality of life (QOL). The EuroQol 5‐dimensional questionnaire measures general health‐related quality of life through a health utility value (EQ‐5D HUV)—based on five domains reflecting mobility, self‐care, activities of daily life, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression—and an unbiased visual analog scale (EQ‐5D VAS). We sought to identify characteristics of CRS patients with a high EQ‐5D HUV but low EQ‐5D VAS score.Materials and MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study of 300 CRS patients with EQ‐5D HUV equal to 1.0 (reflecting perfect health). All patients completed a 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22)—from which nasal, sleep, ear/facial discomfort, and emotional subdomain scores were calculated, as well as the EQ‐5D. Low EQ‐5D VAS was defined as a score less than 80.ResultsOn multivariate analysis, low EQ‐5D VAS was associated with only the SNOT‐22 sleep subdomain score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.02–1.12, P = .003). Comorbid asthma was also associated with lower EQ‐5D VAS (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.02–4.59, P = .045). In contrast, polyps were negatively associated with having a lower EQ‐5D VAS (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.17–0.69, P = .003).ConclusionThere are patients with perfect general health‐related QOL according to a health utility value‐based methodology (like the EQ‐5D HUV) who report low general health‐related QOL on an unbiased measure like the EQ‐5D VAS. In CRS patients with perfect EQ‐5D HUV, poor sleep and asthma were associated with low QOL on the EQ‐5D VAS, while polyps were negatively associated with low QOL.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1206–1211, 2021
Nutrients influence seasonal metabolic patterns and total productivity of Arctic streams
Authors: Myrstener Maria , Gómez‐Gener Lluís , Rocher‐Ros Gerard , Giesler Reiner , Sponseller Ryan A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe seasonality of gross primary production (GPP) in streams is driven by multiple physical and chemical factors, yet incident light is often thought to be most important. In Arctic tundra streams, however, light is available in saturating amounts throughout the summer, but sharp declines in nutrient supply during the terrestrial growing season may constrain aquatic productivity. Given the opposing seasonality of these drivers, we hypothesized that “shoulder seasons”—spring and autumn—represent critical time windows when light and nutrients align to optimize rates of stream productivity in the Arctic. To test this, we measured annual patterns of GPP and biofilm accumulation in eight streams in Arctic Sweden. We found that the aquatic growing season length differed by 4 months across streams and was determined largely by the timing of ice‐off in spring. During the growing season, temporal variability in GPP for nitrogen (N) poor streams was correlated with inorganic N concentration, while in more N‐rich streams GPP was instead linked to changes in phosphorus and light. Annual GPP varied ninefold among streams and was enhanced by N availability, the length of ice‐free period, and low flood frequency. Finally, network scale estimates of GPP highlight the overall significance of the shoulder seasons, which accounted for 48% of annual productivity. We suggest that the timing of ice off and nutrient supply from land interact to regulate the annual metabolic regimes of nutrient poor, Arctic streams, leading to unexpected peaks in productivity that are offset from the terrestrial growing season.
The limits of the Pourbaix diagram in the interpretation of the kinetics of corrosion and cathodic protection of underground pipelines
Authors: Barthel Jürgen , Deiss Rainer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the basics of corrosion and corrosion protection, with the focus on equilibrium thermodynamics. Particular attention is paid to the easy‐to‐understand creation of Pourbaix diagrams, their uses, and limitations of this tool. In addition, the basics of electrochemical kinetics are dealt with to provide an overview of the possibilities and the interaction of both methods. Finally, it is argued that the globally recognized and practice‐proven protection potential criteria remain valid.