bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastik‐Index PLIX macht Verpackungen vergleichbar
Authors: van den Adel Friederike , Scagnetti Carla , Lorenz Manuel , Krieg Hannes , Albrecht Stefan 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Plastik‐Index (PLIX) bietet Konsumierenden und Unternehmen ein verständliches Instrument zur Bewertung von Kunststoffverpackungen und zum Vergleich von Kunststoffverpackungen. Der PLIX befähigt Konsumierende, ihren Verpackungsverbrauch zu reduzieren und Unternehmen in Handel und Logistik, ihren gesamten ökologischen Fußabdruck zu minimieren. Die Bewertungskriterien für den PLIX sind die Verpackungsmenge, die Rezyklierfähigkeit und deren Umweltwirkung; die daraus resultierende Bewertung wird in einem „best case“ bis „worst case“ Szenario dargestellt. Unter Berücksichtigung des Lebenszyklusgedankens wird die Verpackung von „Cradle to Gate“, also vom Rohstoffabbau bis zum Point of Sale im Einzelhandel berücksichtigt. In der vorliegenden Fallstudie dient der PLIX als Instrument zum Vergleich verschiedener Verpackungen innerhalb der Produktgruppe Tomaten. Grundsätzlich ist der PLIX jedoch auch für Anwendungsfälle außerhalb des Lebensmittelbereiches geeignet.
Clinical behavior of recurrent hormone receptor–positive breast cancer by adjuvant endocrine therapy within the Breast International Group 1‐98 clinical trial
Authors: Leone Jose P. , Cole Bernard F. , Regan Meredith M. , Thürlimann Beat , Coates Alan S. , Rabaglio Manuela , Giobbie‐Hurder Anita , Gelber Richard D. , Ejlertsen Bent , Harvey Vernon J. , Neven Patrick , Láng Istvan , Bonnefoi Herve , Wardley Andrew , Goldhirsch Aron , Di Leo Angelo , Colleoni Marco , Vaz‐Luis Ines , Lin Nancy U. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundEndocrine therapy resistance is a major cause of distant recurrence (DR) in hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. This study evaluated differences in survival after DR in patients treated with different adjuvant endocrine therapy regimens in the Breast International Group (BIG) 1‐98 trial.MethodsBIG 1‐98 compared 5 years of adjuvant treatment among 4 arms: tamoxifen (T), letrozole (L), tamoxifen followed by letrozole (TL), and letrozole followed by tamoxifen (LT). After a median follow‐up of 8.1 years, 911 of 8010 patients (T, 302; L, 285; TL, 170; and LT, 154) had DR as the site of first recurrence. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to determine features associated with post‐DR survival.ResultsThe median follow‐up time after DR was 59 months (interquartile range, 29‐88 months). Among all patients with DR, 38.1% were 65 years old or older at enrollment, 61.9% had tumors larger than 2 cm, and 69.7% were node positive. Neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 35.6% of the patients. There was no difference in post‐DR survival by treatment arm (median survival, 20.8 months for T, 17.9 months for L, 17.3 months for TL, and 20.8 months for LT; P = .21). In multivariate analysis, older patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15‐1.59) and patients with tumors larger than 2 cm (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.41), 4 or more positive nodes (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.64), progesterone receptor (PR)–negative tumors (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.52), or shorter disease‐free survival (DFS) had significantly worse post‐DR survival.ConclusionsTreatment with adjuvant T, L, or their sequences was not associated with differences in survival after DR. Significant differences in survival were observed by age, primary tumor size, nodal and PR status, and DFS, and this suggests that traditional baseline high‐risk features remain prognostic in the metastatic setting.
Examining the dynamic nature of nonverbal communication between Black patients with cancer and their oncologists
Authors: Hamel Lauren M. , Moulder Robert , Harper Felicity W. K. , Penner Louis A. , Albrecht Terrance L. , Eggly Susan 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAlthough communication quality is associated with patient outcomes, racial disparities in communication exist, disproportionately burdening Black patients. However, most communication research focuses on verbal behaviors in predominantly White patient populations. We used a newly developed and theory‐guided network analysis that examines the dynamic interplay and behavioral convergence and divergence between Black patients with cancer and their oncologists during cancer treatment discussions.MethodsWe applied a nonverbal behavioral coding system to thin slices of video recordings of Black patients and their oncologists discussing treatment. We then estimated 3 networks: 1) a temporal network to determine whether a nonverbal behavior predicts another nonverbal behavior at the next time point in an interaction, and how much each nonverbal behavior influences other nonverbal behaviors and is influenced by other nonverbal behaviors; 2) a contemporaneous network to determine whether a nonverbal behavior co‐occurs with other nonverbal behaviors at the same time point in an interaction; and 3) a between‐dyads network to examine the covariation between nonverbal behaviors across all dyads.ResultsBlack patients (n = 74) and their non‐Black physicians (n = 15) showed a mix of convergence and divergence in their nonverbal behaviors at the same points in time, from one time point to the next, and across dyads. Across analyses, convergence was most likely to occur when physicians matched their behaviors to their patients; especially with smiling, gaze, leaning, and laughter behaviors.ConclusionOur findings reveal patterns of modifiable behaviors that can potentially inform interventions to reduce disparities in clinical communication and, in turn, treatment and mortality disparities.
Commensal fungi and their cell‐wall β‐glucans direct differential responses in human intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Cohen‐Kedar Sarit , Keizer Danielle , Schwartz Suzana , Rabinowitz Keren M. , Kaboub Kawsar , Shaham Barda Efrat , Sadot Eran , Wolff‐Bar Meirav , Shaltiel Tali , Dotan Iris 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are the first to encounter luminal antigens and play an active role in intestinal immune responses. We previously reported that β‐glucans, major fungal cell‐wall glycans, induced chemokine secretion by IEC lines in a Dectin‐1‐ and Syk‐dependent manner. Here, we show that in contrast to β‐glucans, stimulation of IEC lines with Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae did not induce secretion of any of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐8, CCL2, CXCL1, and GM‐CSF. Commensal fungi and β‐glucans activated Syk and ERK in IEC lines. However, only β‐glucans activated p38, JNK, and the transcription factors NF‐κB p65 and c‐JUN, which were necessary for cytokine secretion. Furthermore, costimulation of IEC lines with β‐glucans and C. albicans yielded decreased cytokine secretion compared to stimulation with β‐glucans alone. Finally, ex vivo stimulation of human colonic mucosal explants with zymosan and C. albicans, leads to epithelial Syk and ERK phosphorylation, implying recognition of fungi and similar initial signaling pathways as in IEC lines.Lack of cytokine secretion in response to commensal fungi may reflect IECs’ response to fungal glycans, other than β‐glucans, that contribute to mucosal tolerance. Skewed epithelial response to commensal fungi may impair homeostasis and contribute to intestinal inflammation.
Numerical simulation study on the mechanical behavior of shale core and reservoir rock mass
Authors: Li Yalong , Xiong Wei , Hu Zhiming , Duan Xianggang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfter the hydraulic fracturing of the shale reservoir, the stress field changes during the mining process. The stress sensitivity of the reservoir affects its development capabilities. Moreover, the stress sensitivity of shale reservoirs obtained by various researchers using different experimental methods is not uniform. This study analyzes the physical background differences between reservoir rock mass and experimental core. In this study, we establish the “support structure model” of the reservoir and show that the reservoir rock body has a structural overall effect, such that the supporting effect of the surrounding rock on the overlying strata is very strong. At the same time, we also establish the transverse isotropic numerical model of the shale reservoir on the basis of the real physical background of the reservoir and the experimental physical core model on the basis of the real physical background of the core test. This study shows that the equivalent mechanical behavior of the core test in the holder is pure core compression without the support and pull of the whole rock mass structure. In the real reservoir, the reservoir rock mass has significant structural effect. The actual compression change of real reservoir mining is less than the pure compression displacement of the experimental test core. The core stress sensitivity of the conventional experimental test does not directly describe the true stress‐strain effect of the macroscopic reservoir rock mass as a structural whole. A laboratory stress‐sensitive test apparatus and method that is equivalent to the physical background of a real reservoir needs to be improved or designed.
Musical instrument training program improves verbal memory and neural efficiency in novice older adults
Authors: Guo Xia , Yamashita Masatoshi , Suzuki Maki , Ohsawa Chie , Asano Kohei , Abe Nobuhito , Soshi Takahiro , Sekiyama Kaoru 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that musical instrument training may improve the cognitive function of older adults. However, little is known about the neural origins of training‐related improvement in cognitive function. Here, we assessed the effects of instrumental training program on cognitive functions and neural efficiency in musically naïve older adults (61–85 years old). Participants were assigned to either the intervention group, which received a 4‐month instrumental training program using keyboard harmonica, or a control group without any alternative training. Cognitive measurements and functional magnetic resonance imaging during visual working memory (VWM) task were administered before and after the intervention in both groups. Behavioral data revealed that the intervention group significantly improved memory performance on the test that measures verbal recall compared to the control group. Neuroimaging data revealed that brain activation in the right supplementary motor area, left precuneus, and bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus (PCgG) during the VWM task decreased after instrumental training only in the intervention group. Task‐related functional connectivity (FC) analysis revealed that the intervention group showed decreased FC between the right PCgG and left middle temporal gyrus, and between the left putamen and right superior temporal gyrus (lPu‐rSTG) during a VWM task after the intervention. Furthermore, a greater improvement in memory performance in the intervention group was associated with a larger reduction in lPu‐rSTG FC, which might be interpreted as improved neural efficiency. Our results indicate that the musical instrument training program may contribute to improvements in verbal memory and neural efficiency in novice older adults.
Hsa_circ_0102171 aggravates the progression of cervical cancer through targeting miR‐4465/CREBRF axis
Authors: Tang Xi , Wen Xiaomin , Li Zhouyu , Wen Danxia , Lin Ling , Liu Jinquan , Li Mingyi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCervical cancer (CC) has caused numerous cancer‐related deaths in women. Recent years, circular RNAs have been reported as vital factors in CC tumorigenesis. Our current study focused on the role of hsa_circ_0102171 (called circ_0102171 subsequently) in CC. At first, we applied reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of circ_0102171 in CC tissues and cells. Subsequently, we silenced circ_0102171 to conduct loss‐of‐function assays, including cell counting kit‐8 assay, 5‐ethynyl‐2'‐deoxyuridine staining, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry analysis. Interestingly, we discovered that circ_0102171 expressed at a high level in CC tissues and cells. Functionally, silencing circ_0102171 prohibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and strengthened cell apoptosis in CC in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that circ_0102171 could act as a sponge for miR‐4465. Gain‐of‐function assays demonstrated that miR‐4465 hindered the growth and migration of CC cells. Moreover, circ_0102171 enhanced the level of CREB3 regulatory factor (CREBRF) which was the downstream target of miR‐4465. Rescue assays suggested that CREBRF and miR‐4465 could involve in circ_0102171‐mediated CC progression. Finally, in vivo data supported that silencing circ_0102171 hindered CC cell growth. In conclusion, circ_0102171 aggravates CC progression via targeting miR‐4465/CREBRF axis.
Repair bond strength and surface topography of resin‐ceramic and ceramic restorative blocks treated by laser and conventional surface treatments
Authors: Bayraktar Yusuf , Arslan Merve , Demirtag Zulfikar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study intended to compare the repair bond strength of computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks consisting of resin and feldspathic ceramics following different surface treatments using the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test. Ten specimens were prepared with 4 mm height for Vita Enamic (VE), Lava Ultimate (LU), Vita Mark II (VM), and thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5–55°C). Each material was categorized into one of five subgroups according to following surface treatments: (a) bur grinding (BG), (b) hydrofluoric acid etching (HF), (c) neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG or NY), (d) erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG or EY), and (e) erbium, chromium‐doped yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG or ECY) laser conditioning. After surface treatment procedures, specimens were properly restored to 4 mm high with a micro‐hybrid composite resin. Bar specimens (1 × 1 × 8 mm) were obtained using a low‐speed cutting machine and then thermocycled (10,000 cycle, 5–55°C). The μTBS was tested at 1 mm/min crosshead speed, and failure modes were evaluated. Data were analyzed with two‐way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. LU‐BG showed significantly higher μTBS (32.94 ± 5.80 MPa) compared to LU‐laser groups (p < .05). VE‐BG showed significantly higher μTBS (22.06 ± 4.26 MPa) compared to other VE groups (p < .05). Among the laser groups, the NY laser produced the lowest (p < .05) μTBS for LU (13.42 ± 3.44 MPa) and VE (2.27 ± 0.85 MPa), while EY showed the highest (p < .05). Laser‐treated VM groups were all prefailured. VM‐HF produced a higher μTBS (18.73 ± 3.75 MPa) than VM‐BG (5.05 ± 1.76 MPa) (p < .05).
Frontline Science: Estrogen-related receptor γ increases poly(I:C)-mediated type I IFN expression in mouse macrophages
Authors: Kim Ki-Sun , Kim Don-Kyu , Na Soon-Young , Jung Yoon Seok , Cho Sung Jin , Kim Jina , Lee In-Kyu , Kim Young-Hoon , Lee Chul-Ho , Jeong Won-Il , Jo Eun-Kyeong , Choi Hueng-Sik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Although type I IFNs (IFN-I) are important for the innate and adaptive immune responses to suppress viral replication, prolonged IFN-I signaling in macrophages suppresses the immune response. Nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) regulates the transcription of genes involved in endocrine and metabolic functions. However, the role of ERRγ in macrophage immune responses to viruses remains largely unknown. ERRγ expression was significantly induced in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)). Our results indicated that the induction of ERRγ expression by poly(I:C) is mediated through activation of the cytoplasmic dsRNA receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5. In BMDMs, overexpression of ERRγ significantly increased gene expression and secretion of the IFN-I genes, IFN-α and IFN-β, whereas abolition of ERRγ significantly attenuated poly(I:C)-mediated IFN-I secretion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and mutation analyses of the IFN-I promoters revealed that ERRγ regulates the transcription of IFN-α and IFN-β by binding to a conserved ERR response element in each promoter region. Finally, GSK5182 significantly suppressed poly(I:C)-mediated induction of IFN-I gene expression and secretion in BMDMs. Taken together, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for ERRγ in the transcriptional control of innate and adaptive immune response to dsRNA virus replication.
Immune checkpoint markers and anti-CD20-mediated NK cell activation
Authors: Wang Zhaoming , Weiner George J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnti-CD20 mAb is an effective therapy for most B-cell malignancies. Checkpoint blockade has been used to enhance T-cell-mediated antitumor response. Little is known about the biologic significance of immune checkpoints expressed by NK cells in anti-CD20-based therapy. To investigate the role of checkpoints in anti-CD20-mediated NK cell biology, Raji B-cell lymphoma cells, and PBMCs from normal donors were cocultured with rituximab (RTX), obinutuzumab (OBZ), or trastuzumab as a control mAb for between 20 h and 9 d. RTX and OBZ induced a dose-dependent NK cell up-regulation of T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM3), but not PD1, CTLA4, or LAG3. Resting CD56dim NK had higher TIGIT and TIM3 expression than resting CD56bright NK although TIGIT and TIM3 were up-regulated on both subsets. NK cells with the CD16 158VV single nucleotide polymorphism had greater TIM3 up-regulation than did NK from VF or FF donors. TIGIT+ and TIM3+ NK cells degranulated, produced cytokines, and expressed activation markers to a greater degree than did TIGIT– or TIM3– NK cells. Blockade of TIGIT, TIM3, or both had little impact on RTX-induced NK cell proliferation, degranulation, cytokine production, or activation. Taken together, TIGIT and TIM3 can serve as markers for anti-CD20-mediated NK cell activation, but may not serve well as targets for enhancing the anti-tumor activity of such therapy.
Evaluation of a deformable image registration quality assurance tool for head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Mee Molly , Stewart Kate , Lathouras Marika , Truong Helen , Hargrave Catriona 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionA challenge in implementing deformable image registration (DIR) in radiation therapy planning is effectively communicating registration accuracy to the radiation oncologist. This study aimed to evaluate the MIM® quality assurance (QA) tool for rating DIR accuracy.MethodsRetrospective DIR was performed on CT images for 35 head and neck cancer patients. The QA tool was used to rate DIR accuracy as good, fair or bad. Thirty registered patient images were assessed independently by three RTs and a further five patients assessed by five RTs. Ratings were evaluated by comparison of Hausdorff Distance (HD), Mean Distance to Agreement (MDA), Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSC) and Jacobian determinants for parotid and mandible subregions on the two CTs post‐DIR. Inter‐operator reliability was assessed using Krippendorff's alpha coefficient (KALPA). Rating time and volume measures for each rating were also calculated.ResultsQuantitative metrics calculated for most anatomical subregions reflected the expected trend by registration accuracy, with good obtaining the most ideal values on average (HD = 7.50 ± 3.18, MDA = 0.64 ± 0.47, DSC = 0.90 ± 0.07, Jacobian = 0.95 ± 0.06). Highest inter‐operator reliability was observed for good ratings and within the parotids (KALPA 0.66–0.93), whilst ratings varied the most in regions of dental artefact. Overall, average rating time was 33 minutes and the least commonly applied rating by volume was fair.ConclusionResults from qualitative and quantitative data, operator rating differences and rating time suggest highlighting only bad regions of DIR accuracy and implementing clinical guidelines and RT training for consistent and efficient use of the QA tool.
Efficacy of Photodynamic Anti‐Microbial Chemotherapy for Acanthamoeba Keratitis In Vivo
Authors: Dwia Pertiwi Yunialthy , Chikama Taiichiro , Sueoka Kentaro , Ko Ji‐Ae , Kiuchi Yoshiaki , Onodera Makoto , Sakaguchi Takemasa 
Published: December 2020

Background and ObjectivesAcanthamoeba keratitis is a sight‐threatening infectious disease that is difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to evaluate TONS504 (cationic chlorin derivative photosensitizer)‐mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) in vivo as a potential treatment for Acanthamoeba keratitis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsAcanthamoeba keratitis was induced by soft contact lenses incubated with 1 × 105/ml Acanthamoeba castellanii, which were placed over debrided corneas with temporary tarsorrhaphy. Thirty‐eight male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (normal eye, no treatment, and treatment groups). TONS504 was administered as eye drops at 1 mg/ml, followed by light‐emitting diode irradiation after the establishment of keratitis at 7 days after infectious contact lens exposure. All animals were evaluated under a slit‐lamp microscope every 3 days for 6 days after the treatment. Clinical scores based on corneal epithelial defects detected by fluorescein staining, stromal opacity edema, and vascular infiltration into the cornea were determined. After 6 days, the eyes were enucleated for histopathological analysis.ResultsClinical signs of infection in the treatment group were markedly reduced for up to 6 days after treatment. Histopathology showed a regular arrangement of stromal fibers and a small number of inflammatory cells in 58% of the corneas. However, 42% of corneas in the treatment group showed infiltrating neutrophils and irregular alignment of stromal collagen fibers.ConclusionsOur TONS504‐PACT achieved complete recovery from keratitis in 58% of the rabbit models. Further studies are required to determine the conditions for the maximal effectiveness of our TONS504‐PACT for Acanthamoeba keratitis. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Corrosion behavior of T24, T92, VM12, and AISI 304 steels exposed to KCl–NaCl–K2SO4–Na2SO4 salt mixtures
Authors: Abu‐Warda Najib , López Antonio J. , Pedraza Fernando , Utrilla Maria V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe corrosion mechanisms of T24, T92, VM12, and AISI 304 steels are studied under the influence of NaCl–KCl, NaCl–Na2SO4, and KCl–K2SO4 salt mixtures in a dry air atmosphere at 650°C for 15 days. NaCl–KCl was the most aggressive deposit and AISI 304 stainless steel exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. There was no relation between the Cr content of the ferritic steels and their corrosion resistance in NaCl–KCl. In contrast, the resistance of high‐Cr steels was better when exposed to NaCl–Na2SO4 and KCl–K2SO4. The high‐Cr and the low‐Cr steels were more susceptible to NaCl–Na2SO4 and to KCl–K2SO4, respectively.