bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible light optical coherence tomography angiography (vis-OCTA) and local microvascular retinal oximetry in human retina
Authors: Song Weiye , Shao Wenjun , Yi Wei , Liu Rongrong , Desai Manishi , Ness Steven , Yi Ji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report herein the first visible light optical coherence tomography angiography (vis-OCTA) for human retinal imaging. Compared to the existing vis-OCT systems, we devised a spectrometer with a narrower bandwidth to increase the spectral power density for OCTA imaging, while retaining the major spectral contrast in the blood. We achieved a 100 kHz A-line rate, the fastest acquisition speed reported so far for human retinal vis-OCT. We rigorously optimized the imaging protocol such that a single acquisition takes <6 seconds with a field of view (FOV) of 3×7.8 mm2. The angiography enables accurate localization of microvasculature down to the capillary level and thus enables oximetry at vessels < 100 μm in diameter. We demonstrated microvascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO2) at the feeding and draining vessels at the perifoveal region. The longitudinal repeatability was assessed by <5% coefficient of variation (CV). The unique capabilities of our vis-OCTA system may allow studies on the role of microvascular oxygen in various retinal pathologies.
Massive and rapid COVID-19 testing is feasible by extraction-free SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR
Authors: Smyrlaki Ioanna , Ekman Martin , Lentini Antonio , Sousa Nuno Rufino de , Papanicolaou Natali , Vondracek Martin , Aarum Johan , Safari Hamzah , Muradrasoli Shaman , Rothfuchs Antonio Gigliotti , Albert Jan , Högberg Björn , Reinius Björn 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The most widely used method of COVID-19 diagnostics is a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patient samples, typically from nasopharyngeal swabs. RNA extraction is a major bottleneck in current COVID-19 testing, in terms of turn-around, logistics, component availability and cost, which delays or completely precludes COVID-19 diagnostics in many settings. Efforts to simplify the current methods are critical, as increased diagnostic availability and efficiency would benefit patient care and infection control. Here, we describe methods to circumvent RNA extraction in COVID-19 testing by performing RT-PCR directly on heat-inactivated subject samples as well as samples lysed with readily available detergents. Our data, including benchmarking with 597 clinically diagnosed patient samples against a standardised and sensitive diagnostic system, show that direct RT-PCR is a viable option to extraction-based COVID-19 diagnostics. Furthermore, using controlled amounts of active SARS-CoV-2, we evaluated performance of generic buffers as sample medium for the direct RT-PCR assay, identifying several suitable formulations. We also confirmed the effectiveness of heat inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by plaque assay. Significant savings in terms of time and cost can be achieved by embracing RNA-extraction-free protocols, that feed directly into the established PCR-based testing pipeline. This could aid the expansion of COVID-19 testing.
Ratio of the interferon-γsignature to the immunosuppression signature predicts anti-PD-1 therapy response in melanoma
Authors: Kong Yan , Xu Canqiang , Cui Chuanliang , Yang Wenxian , Yang Shuang , Chi Zhihong , Sheng Xinan , Si Lu , Xie Yihong , Yu Jinyu , Chen Xuejun , Wang Shun , Hu Jing , Zheng Frank , Zhou Wengang , Yu Rongshan , Guo Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments produce clinical benefit in many patients. However, better pretreatment predictive biomarkers for ICI are still needed to help match individual patients to the treatment most likely to be of benefit. Existing gene expression profiling (GEP)-based biomarkers for ICI are primarily focused on measuring a T cell-inflamed tumour microenvironment that contributes positively to the response to ICI. Here, we identified an immunosuppression signature (IMS) through analysing RNA sequencing data from a combined discovery cohort (n= 120) consisting of three publicly available melanoma datasets. Using the ratio of an established IFN-γsignature and IMS led to consistently better prediction of the ICI therapy outcome compared to a collection of nine published GEP signatures from the literature on a newly generated internal validation cohort (n= 55) and three published datasets of metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 (n= 48) and anti-CTLA-4 (n= 42) as well as in patients with gastric cancer treated with antiPD-1 (n= 45), demonstrating the potential utility of IMS as a predictive/prognostic biomarker that complements existing GEP signatures for immunotherapy.
Knowledge sharing, shared leadership and innovative behaviour: a cross-level analysis
Authors: Vandavasi Rama Krishna Kishore , McConville David C. , Uen Jin-Feng , Yepuru Prasanthi 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of knowledge sharing among team members on the development of shared leadership and innovative behaviour.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 64 management teams and 427 individuals working in 26 different hotels in the hospitality industry in Taiwan.FindingsThe results show that knowledge sharing has both direct and indirect effects on the development of shared leadership and individual innovative behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsResults suggest that knowledge sharing supports the occurrence of shared leadership, leading to an increase in innovative behaviour. The authors infer from the findings that encouraging a culture of knowledge sharing can have a positive impact on the creativity of teams.Originality/valueThis study advances knowledge of shared leadership as a mediator using a multilevel approach to test antecedents of innovative behaviour in the Taiwan hotel industry.
A spectacle of otherness: an autoethnography of a conference presentation
Authors: Jamjoom Liela A. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis article is an autoethnography that describes an emotional journey of writing and; presenting a conference paper. While it is a personal story being told, it is a story that speaks to many other minorities in academia who continuously need to legitimize their voices in the midst of the dominant colonialist perspective. The intention of writing this autoethnography is to speak to the feelings of otherness experienced, to disrupt the traditional academic voice (Pathak, 2010), and to allow for the expression of a reality that is often hidden to those with a colonialist frame (Mohanty, 2003).Design/methodology/approachThis article uses autoethnography as a methodology to reveal a personal story. Since autoethnographies help us make sense of our fragmented lives, the journey is told in chronological segments, detailing the emotions leading up to the conference presentation and its aftermath.FindingsThe findings of the article expose some of the colonialist frameworks that are still embedded in academia. They also lie in the revelation of the “spectacle of otherness” endured in the process. Drawing the reader into the author's mind and heart with the intention of understanding the other is an important part of this paper.Originality/valueThe first contribution of this paper lies in its decolonizing project, where Western knowledge systems and their epistemologies are the object of inquiry. The second contribution of the paper lies in its attempt to write intersectional research that does not impose predetermined categories of analysis but writes beyond specific classifications of identity. Finally, it also lies in celebrating the subjective self as a place that is worth exploring.
Quantum genetic algorithm to evolve controllers for self-reconfigurable modular robots
Authors: Mezghiche Mohamed Khalil , Djedi Noureddine 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore using real-observation quantum genetic algorithms (RQGAs) to evolve neural controllers that are capable of controlling a self-reconfigurable modular robot in an adaptive locomotion task.

Design/methodology/approach
Quantum-inspired genetic algorithms (QGAs) have shown their superiority against conventional genetic algorithms in numerous challenging applications in recent years. The authors have experimented with several QGAs variants and real-observation QGA achieved the best results in solving numerical optimization problems. The modular robot used in this study is a hybrid simulated robot; each module has two degrees of freedom and four connecting faces. The modular robot also possesses self-reconfiguration and self-mobile capabilities.

Findings
The authors have conducted several experiments using different robot configurations ranging from a single module configuration to test the self-mobile property to several disconnected modules configuration to examine self-reconfiguration, as well as snake, quadruped and rolling track configurations. The results demonstrate that the robot was able to perform self-reconfiguration and produce stable gaits in all test scenarios.

Originality/value
The artificial neural controllers evolved using the real-observation QGA were able to control the self-reconfigurable modular robot in the adaptive locomotion task efficiently.
Public administration reform for Aboriginal affairs: An institutionalist analysis
Authors: Dwyer Judith , Tenbensel Tim , Lavoie Josée , Martini Angelita , Brown Catherine , Devitt Jeannie , Myott Paula , Tilton Edward , Boulton Amohia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPersistent underperformance of public policy and program implementation in Aboriginal affairs is widely recognised. We analysed the results of two case studies of attempted reforms in public administration of Aboriginal primary health care in the Northern Territory, using a framework based on the institutionalist and systemic racism literatures, with the aim of better understanding the sources of implementation failure. Implementation of the agreed reforms was unsuccessful. Contributing factors were as follows: strong recognition of the need for change was not sustained; the seeds of change, present in the form of alternative practices, were not built on; there was a notable absence of sustained political/bureaucratic authorisation; and, interacting with all of these, systemic racism had important consequences and implications. Our framework was useful for making sense of the results. It is clear that reforms in Aboriginal affairs will require government authorities to engage with organisations and communities. We conclude that there are four requirements for improved implementation success: clear recognition of the need for change in ‘business as usual’; sustainable commitment and authorisation; the building of alternative structures and methods to enable effective power sharing (consistent with the requirements of parliamentary democracy); and addressing the impact of systemic racism on decision‐making, relationships, and risk management.
Determination of 2,4‐decadienal in edible oils using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and its application as an alternative indicator of lipid oxidation
Authors: Sun Huihui , Peng Xiaoxiang , Li Chuan , Zhang Wei‐Min , Cao Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs a major product of linoleic acid‐rich oils, 2,4‐decadienal has unique reactivity that may be potentially toxic to human body. In this study, a reliable reversed‐phase liquid chromatography method for the determination of carbonyls was developed, and 2,4‐decadienal as the target aldehyde was validated. Furthermore, the possibility of 2,4‐decadienal as a lipid oxidation marker was evaluated. The optimal sample pretreatment method was extraction by 2 mL of acetonitrile three times, followed by derivatization at 40 °C for 30 min. The method was linear, sensitive, and accurate with detection and quantification limits of 15 and 50 nmol/L, respectively, and had good average recoveries for 2,4‐decadienal in oil samples. In tested edible oils, during heating at 180 °C, the level of 2,4‐decadienal rose faster than other aldehydes, including one of the characteristic aldehydes, hexanal. Moreover, good linear relationships between the 2,4‐decadienal content and other oxidation indices (R2 = 0.858 to 0.984 for the anisidine value; R2 = 0.876 to 0.986 for the total oxidation value) were observed in sunflower and corn oils under 8 hr heating at three temperatures (120, 150, and 180 °C), indicating that 2,4‐decadienal can predict the oxidation of oil.Practical Application2,4‐Decadienal is a toxic aldehyde produced by the oxidation of linoleic acid‐rich oils, which is closely related to human health. This work is the first to demonstrate that 2,4‐decadienal can be used as an alternative oxidation indicator for linoleic acid‐rich oils and is of great significance for the quality control of edible oil in the food industry.
Museomics identifies genetic erosion in two butterfly species across the 20th century in Finland
Authors: Gauthier Jérémy , Pajkovic Mila , Neuenschwander Samuel , Kaila Lauri , Schmid Sarah , Orlando Ludovic , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractErosion of biodiversity generated by anthropogenic activities has been studied for decades and in many areas at the species level, using taxa monitoring. In contrast, genetic erosion within species has rarely been tracked, and is often studied by inferring past population dynamics from contemporaneous estimators. An alternative to such inferences is the direct examination of past genes, by analysing museum collection specimens. While providing direct access to genetic variation over time, historical DNA is usually not optimally preserved, and it is necessary to apply genotyping methods based on hybridization‐capture to unravel past genetic variation. In this study, we apply such a method (i.e., HyRAD), to large time series of two butterfly species in Finland, and present a new bioinformatic pipeline, namely PopHyRAD, that standardizes and optimizes the analysis of HyRAD data at the within‐species level. In the localities for which the data retrieved have sufficient power to accurately examine genetic dynamics through time, we show that genetic erosion has increased across the last 100 years, as revealed by signatures of allele extinctions and heterozygosity decreases, despite local variations. In one of the two butterflies (Erebia embla), isolation by distance also increased through time, revealing the effect of greater habitat fragmentation over time.
Ethanol Inhibits Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteochondral Lineage Differentiation Due in Part to an Activation of Forkhead Box Protein O‐Specific Signaling
Authors: Sharieh Farah , Eby Jonathan M. , Roper Philip M. , Callaci John J. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundDuring bone fracture repair, resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into chondrocytes, to form a cartilaginous fracture callus, and osteoblasts, to ossify the collagen matrix. Our laboratory previously reported that alcohol administration led to decreased cartilage formation within the fracture callus of rodents and this effect was mitigated by postfracture antioxidant treatment. Forkhead box protein O (FoxO) transcription factors are activated in response to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alcohol has been shown to increase ROS. Activation of FoxOs has also been shown to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, a necessary pathway for MSC differentiation. These findings have led to our hypothesis that alcohol exposure decreases osteochondrogenic differentiation of MSCs through the activation of FoxOs.MethodsPrimary rat MSCs were treated with ethanol (EtOH) and assayed for FoxO expression, FoxO activation, and downstream target expression. Next, MSCs were differentiated toward osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages in the presence of 50 mM EtOH and alterations in osteochondral lineage marker expression were determined. Lastly, osteochondral differentiation experiments were repeated with FoxO1/3 knockdown or with FoxO1/3 inhibitor AS1842856 and osteochondral lineage marker expression was determined.ResultsEtOH increased the expression of FoxO3a at mRNA and protein levels in primary cultured MSCs. This was accompanied by an increase in FoxO1 nuclear localization, FoxO1 activation, and downstream catalase expression. Moreover, EtOH exposure decreased expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage markers. FoxO1/3 knockdown restored proosteogenic and prochondrogenic lineage marker expression in the presence of 50 mM EtOH. However, FoxO1/3 inhibitor only restored proosteogenic lineage marker expression.ConclusionsThese data show that EtOH has the ability to inhibit MSC differentiation, and this ability may rely, at least partially, on the activation of FoxO transcription factors.
International Market Integration: A Survey
Authors: Akbari Amir , Ng Lilian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMarket integration is a canonical topic in international finance. The question of whether and to what extent markets are integrated with the global economy has motivated one of the largest literatures in this field. Given this vast body of research, this survey shall only focus on the theoretical and empirical studies on one aspect of market integration – equity market integration. It reviews the evolution of various approaches employed in studying market integration. This survey discusses the recent empirical findings on cross‐sectional and time‐series dynamics of integration across developed and emerging markets. It also describes the empirical estimation of three current measures of market integration and discusses their usefulness as well as limitations. Finally, the survey provides a few future directions for this line of research.
The relationship between T‐wave peak‐to‐end interval and hemodynamic parameters in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Elitok Ali , Emet Samim , Karaayvaz Ekrem Bilal , Erdogan Onur , Aydogan Mehmet , Engin Berat , Cevik Erdem , Orta Huseyin , Okumus Gulfer , Bilge Ahmet Kaya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundT‐wave peak‐to‐end interval (TPEI) is a measure of repolarization dispersion on surface electrocardiogram (ECG). TPEI has been reported as a prognostic parameter with heart disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between echocardiogram‐derived right heart parameters, right heart catheterization (RHC) measurements, and TPEI in patients with precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).MethodsThirty‐eight patients (29 females and 9 males, mean age of 54.9 ± 10.9 years) who had undergone RHC for a preliminary diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) were included in the study. We performed transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and resting 12‐lead ECG was recorded before RHC. TPEI was measured from leads of V1‐V6, DII, DIII, and aVF, and these values are averaged to obtain the global TPEI.ResultsDuration of TPEI was significantly correlated with mean PAP, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and cardiac index (CI). Longer TPEI was associated with higher N terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT pro‐BNP) level, lower 6‐min walk distance (6MWD), and lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE).ConclusionProlongation of TPEI could be a new predictor of adverse outcome in PAH and may provide additional prognostic information for patients with PAH.
Implementation of exome sequencing in fetal diagnostics—Data and experiences from a tertiary center in Denmark
Authors: Becher Naja , Andreasen Lotte , Sandager Puk , Lou Stina , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Christensen Rikke , Vogel Ida 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionApplying whole‐exome sequencing (WES) for the diagnosis of diseases in children has shown significant diagnostic strength compared with chromosomal microarray. WES may also have the potential of adding clinically relevant prenatal information in cases where a fetus is found to have structural anomalies. We present results from the first fetal exomes performed in a tertiary center in Denmark.Material and methodsCouples/expectant parents were included in Central Denmark Region from July 2016 to March 2019. Inclusion was not systematic, but where one or more fetal malformations or severe fetal hydrops were detected, and a specific diagnosis had not been obtained by chromosomal microarray. WES was performed in ongoing pregnancies (N = 11), after intrauterine demise (N = 5), or after termination of pregnancy based on ultrasound findings (N = 19). In most cases, a trio format was applied comprising fetal and parental DNA.ResultsWES was performed in 35 highly selected fetal cases. Pathogenic variants, or variants likely to explain the phenotype, were detected in 9/35 (26%). Variants of uncertain significance were detected in 7/35 (20%) and there was one secondary finding (3%). Out of the 11 ongoing pregnancies, four reached a genetic diagnosis (36%). Detection rate was highest in cases of multisystem anomalies (7/13, 54%). WES was completed in all three trimesters and both autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X‐linked inheritance were revealed.ConclusionsWe present data from 35 cases of exome sequencing applied in a setting of fetal malformations. Importantly, though, we wish to share our personal experiences with implementing WES into a prenatal setting. As a medical society, we must continue to share what we do not understand, what went wrong, what is difficult, and what we do not agree upon. A common understanding and language are warranted. We also advocate that more research is needed concerning the clinical value, as well as costs and patient perspectives, of using WES in pregnancy. We believe that WES will lead to improved prenatal and perinatal care.
Restriction of eye motility in patients with RETINA IMPLANT Alpha AMS
Authors: Faber Hanna , Besch Dorothea , Bartz‐Schmidt Karl‐Ulrich , Eisenstein Hanna , Roider Johann , Sachs Helmut , Gekeler Florian , Zrenner Eberhart , Stingl Katarina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the motility of the eye in patients with the RETINA IMPLANT Alpha AMS.MethodsEye motility was determined in eight gaze directions in ten blind retinitis pigmentosa patients, who had received the RETINA IMPLANT Alpha AMS, before implantation of the subretinal implant and at six time‐points up to one year after.ResultsThe analysis of eye motility showed a restriction in the upgaze and gaze to the temporal side directly after surgery in eight of the nine patients included. The degree of motility restriction decreased continuously with recovery during the observation time. One year after surgery, eye motility was still restricted in the majority of patients, especially in the upgaze to the temporal side at 20° (five of seven patients).ConclusionRetinal implants with intraorbital parts (e.g. connecting cables) caused restriction in the temporal and superior viewing directions in the majority of patients. Although this restriction might be cosmetically visible, this limitation in eye motility has no effects on the monocular vision and the implant’s efficacy for daily use.