bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary decompositions of unital locally matrix algebras
Authors: Bezushchak Oksana , Oliynyk Bogdana 
Published: January 2020

We construct a unital locally matrix algebra of uncountable dimension that (1) does not admit a primary decomposition, (2) has an infinite locally finite Steinitz number. It gives negative answers to questions from [V. M. Kurochkin, On the theory of locally simple and locally normal algebras, Mat. Sb., Nov. Ser. 22(64)(3) (1948) 443–454; O. Bezushchak and B. Oliynyk, Unital locally matrix algebras and Steinitz numbers, J. Algebra Appl. (2020), online ready]. We also show that for an arbitrary infinite Steinitz number [Formula: see text] there exists a unital locally matrix algebra [Formula: see text] having the Steinitz number [Formula: see text] and not isomorphic to a tensor product of finite-dimensional matrix algebras.
Persistence and extinction of Markov switched stochastic Nicholson’s blowflies delayed differential equation
Authors: Wang Wentao , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we study the persistence and extinction of Markov switched stochastic Nicholson’s blowflies delayed differential equation. We derive sufficient conditions of persistence and extinction for blowflies population, respectively, which solve one of open problems proposed by Zhu et al. [Stochastic Nicholson’s blowflies delay differential equation with regime switching, Appl. Math. Lett. 94 (2019) 187–195].
Transient Modeling of Seasonal Borehole Thermal Energy Storage System During Heat Energy Storing Process
Authors: Hwang Seokhwa , Yun Rin , Heo Jaehyeok 
Published: January 2020

The borehole thermal energy system, KINTEX, located in Ilsan, South Korea was simulated using TRNSYS. The effect of the depth and spacing of the boreholes in this Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) system on the average stored energy and ground temperature were investigated over three years of its operation. Borehole thermal energy storage was simulated using the Duct Ground Heat Storage Model built in TRNSYS. The BTES system is composed of solar collectors, a heat exchanger, borehole thermal energy storage, and a thermal storage tank. The effects on the internal energy of the system were investigated by varying borehole depth and spacing while the volume and number of boreholes were kept constant. The total number of boreholes is 90 and all boreholes are connected in series. The borehole depths varied from 40 to 47.5[Formula: see text]m with steps of 2.5[Formula: see text]m, and the borehole spacing varied from 2.5 to 4.0[Formula: see text]m while the total volume of the BTES was maintained at 21,[Formula: see text]236 [Formula: see text]m3. The internal energy stored ranged from 1528.91 GJ to 1618.69 GJ over three years of calculations. With an increase of borehole depth and associated decrease of borehole spacing, the internal energy increased and ground temperatures approached 35∘C over a simulation period of three years.
Surgical Treatment and Outcomes of Syndactyly: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mende Konrad , Watson Anna , Stewart David A. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Different techniques are used to release simple and complex congenital syndactyly in order to create an adequate web space, and to separate the fingers to allow independent function. Methods: This article is a systematic review of the literature, aiming to evaluate the evidence for the different techniques and outcome measures utilised. Results: The studies consisted mainly of retrospective, non-controlled descriptive series and a few retrospective cohort studies. The level of evidence is predominantly poor. Conclusions: Although recommendations in favour of any particular surgical technique cannot be given based on evidence, a number of conclusions can be drawn out of the existing literature with regards to the design of the incisions for finger separation, use of pulp flaps and grafts.
Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair with Suture Tape Augmentation
Authors: Lee Steven J. , Rabinovich Remy V. , Kim Andrew 
Published: January 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe our technique of thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) repair with suture tape augmentation and to evaluate the short-term outcomes in our initial series of patients treated with this method of repair.Methods: Patients with minimum one-year follow up after isolated UCL repair with suture tape augmentation were contacted for clinical evaluation, radiographs, and postoperative outcome questionnaires, including the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire and study-specific questions. Thirteen of 15 (87%) consecutive patients who were treated using this method of repair were available for follow-up, 9 with acute tears and 4 with chronic tears.Results: Average post-operative thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and interphalangeal (IP) joint range-of-motion (ROM) was 0–57.5° and 0–71°, respectively, for chronic tears and 2.2–53.9° and 0–71°, respectively, for acute tears. Average grip and pinch strength relative to the unaffected hand was 102% and 84%, respectively, among patients with chronic tears and 103.3% and 88.7%, respectively, among those with acute tears. All patients demonstrated stability with a firm endpoint, relative to the unaffected thumb. The average QuickDASH score among all patients was 11.9 for the disability/symptom module, 0 for the sport module and 16.5 for the work module. Stiffness was reported among 4 patients and no patient suffered wound-related issues or other complications.Conclusions: Thumb UCL repair with suture tape augmentation demonstrates short-term outcomes comparable to what has been reported for other methods of repair. It may potentially allow for an expedited recovery and rehabilitation process.
Resultados después de la implementación del test de DNA fetal libre circulante en sangre materna (DNA-lc) para cribado de cromosomopatías fetales.
Authors: Soto Sánchez Eva María , López Carmen , Ibáñez Ana Belén , Lagarejos Sandra , Hernández Juan José 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar la disminución de la tasa de técnicas invasivas de diagnóstico prenatal tras la introducción del cribado contingente de cromosomopatías con test de DNA fetal libre circulante (DNA-lc)y demostrar que este método de cribado es coste-efectivo. Método: estudio observacional prospectivo y estudio de coste efectividad. Primero se describen los resultados del cribado combinado en dos tiempos de primer trimestre desde febrero de 2008 a junio 2018 diez primeros años del hospital): 21744 cribados realizados de un total de 23000 partos. En abril de 2016 se implementa un modelo de cribado contingente de cromosomopatías con test de DNAlc (se oferta el test a pacientes con resultado de riesgo intermedio en el cribado combinado). En segundo lugar se analizan los resultados tras la implementación del test y se comparan dos períodos de tiempo con y sin cribado contingente (año 2015 con el período abril 2016 hasta marzo de 2019). Resultados: disminución total de las técnicas invasivas del 54% por disminución de la tasa de amniocentesis, manteniéndose constante la tasa de biopsias coriales. La tasa de pérdidas fetales por técnica invasiva alcanza el 0%. Usamos seis indicadores de calidad para evaluar el test. Se hanahorrado 70200 euros con la implementación del test de DNA-lc. Discusión: el test de DNAlc resulta útil en el cribado contingente de cromosomopatías porque reduce la tasa de amniocentesis por indicación de alto riesgo y además es coste efectivo. El cribado combinado de primer trimestre es la técnica de elección para el cribado de aneuploidias. El test de DNAlc no puede sustituir al cribado combinado porque es caro, pero resulta muy útil si se realiza cribado contingente a la población seleccionada de riesgo intermedio.
Reflexiones en torno a la extrema violencia que ha acompañado a la crisis social de Chile
Authors: Dorr Otto 
Published: January 2020

Señor Editor, El 18 de octubre de este año 2019 se inició en Chile una severa crisis social, desencadenada por un alza marginal en el precio del Metro, pero que – según los dichos de los mismos manifestantes – era la expresión de un descontento por los “abusos” (no bien definidos), la desigualdad, las bajas pensiones, la mala salud, etc. En forma casi paralela, hemos visto manifestaciones violentas en contra de la autoridad en Ecuador, Bolivia y Colombia. En años anteriores se habían dado fenómenos semejantes en Inglaterra, Francia, España y Grecia, que se han repetido este año en Francia y en España. La crisis chilena ha sido, sin embargo, la más violenta de todas, porque a las marchas y gritos se han agregado incendios y profanaciones de iglesias, saqueos de supermercados y destrucción de monumentos a nuestros héroes.
Effects of Ultrasound Familiarization on Production and Perception of Nonnative Contrasts
Authors: Roon Kevin D. , Kang Jaekoo , Whalen D.H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground/Aims:We investigated the efficacy of ultrasound imaging of the tongue as a tool for familiarizing naïve learners with the production of a class of nonnative speech sounds: palatalized Russian consonants.Methods:Two learner groups were familiarized, one with ultrasound and one with audio only. Learners performed pre- and postfamiliarization production and discrimination tasks.Results:Ratings of productions of word-final palatalized consonants by learners from both groups improved after familiarization, as did discrimination of the palatalization contrast word-finally. There were no significant differences in the improvement between groups in either task. All learners were able to generalize to novel contexts in production and discrimination. The presence of palatalization interfered with discrimination of word-initial manner, and ultrasound learners were more successful in overcoming that interference.Conclusion:Ultrasound familiarization resulted in improvements in production and discrimination comparable to audio only. Ultrasound familiarization additionally helped learners overcome difficulties in manner discrimination introduced by palatalization. When familiarizing learners with a novel, nonnative class of sounds, a small set of stimuli in different contexts may be more beneficial than using a larger set in one context. Although untrained production can disrupt discrimination training, we found that production familiarization was not disruptive to discrimination or production.
Syndecan‐4 Protects the Heart From the Profibrotic Effects of Thrombin‐Cleaved Osteopontin
Authors: Herum Kate M. , Romaine Andreas , Wang Ariel , Melleby Arne Olav , Strand Mari E. , Pacheco Julian , Braathen Bjørn , Dunér Pontus , Tønnessen Theis , Lunde Ida G. , Sjaastad Ivar , Brakebusch Cord , McCulloch Andrew D. , Gomez Maria F. , Carlson Cathrine R. , Christensen Geir 
Published: January 2020

Background
Pressure overload of the heart occurs in patients with hypertension or valvular stenosis and induces cardiac fibrosis because of excessive production of extracellular matrix by activated cardiac fibroblasts. This initially provides essential mechanical support to the heart, but eventually compromises function. Osteopontin is associated with fibrosis; however, the underlying signaling mechanisms are not well understood. Herein, we examine the effect of thrombin‐cleaved osteopontin on fibrosis in the heart and explore the role of syndecan‐4 in regulating cleavage of osteopontin.

Methods and Results

Osteopontin was upregulated and cleaved by thrombin in the pressure‐overloaded heart of mice subjected to aortic banding. Cleaved osteopontin was higher in plasma from patients with aortic stenosis receiving crystalloid compared with blood cardioplegia, likely because of less heparin‐induced inhibition of thrombin. Cleaved osteopontin and the specific osteopontin peptide sequence
RGDSLAYGLR
that is exposed after thrombin cleavage both induced collagen production in cardiac fibroblasts. Like osteopontin, the heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan‐4 was upregulated after aortic banding. Consistent with a heparan sulfate binding domain in the osteopontin cleavage site, syndecan‐4 was found to bind to osteopontin in left ventricles and cardiac fibroblasts and protected osteopontin from cleavage by thrombin. Shedding of the extracellular part of syndecan‐4 was more prominent at later remodeling phases, at which time levels of cleaved osteopontin were increased.

Conclusions
Thrombin‐cleaved osteopontin induces collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts. Syndecan‐4 protects osteopontin from cleavage by thrombin, but this protection is lost when syndecan‐4 is shed in later phases of remodeling, contributing to progression of cardiac fibrosis.
Serelaxin Improves Regional Myocardial Function in Experimental Heart Failure: An In Vivo Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Lapinskas Tomas , Kelle Sebastian , Grune Jana , Foryst‐Ludwig Anna , Meyborg Heike , Jeuthe Sarah , Wellnhofer Ernst , Elsanhoury Ahmed , Pieske Burkert , Gebker Rolf , Kintscher Ulrich , Stawowy Philipp 
Published: January 2020

Background
Animal studies demonstrated that serelaxin lessens fibrosis in heart failure. This study assessed its effect on myocardial deformation using cardiac magnetic resonance and elucidated its relationship to gene regulation and histology in a mouse heart failure model.

Methods and Results

C57
BL
/6J mice were subjected to
SHAM
(n=4) or transverse aortic constriction (
TAC
). At week 10,
TAC
mice were randomized to receive either serelaxin (0.5 mg/kg per day; n=11) or vehicle (n=13) for 4 weeks. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and repeated at the end of the study (week 14). Cine images were used to calculate left ventricular (
LV
) global longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain. Hearts were examined for histology and gene expression. Compared with
SHAM
, mice 10 weeks after
TAC
showed increased
LV
mass with significant decreases in
LV
deformation parameters, indicating subclinical deterioration of myocardial function. At week 14,
TAC
mice given serelaxin demonstrated significant improvements in all
LV
strain parameters and no decrease in
LV
stroke volume and ejection fraction compared with TAC mice given vehicle. A significant positive correlation between global circumferential strain and the extent of myocardial fibrosis was found, and global circumferential strain correlated significantly with the expression of heart failure genes in serelaxin‐treated mice.

Conclusions
Serelaxin improved cardiac magnetic resonance–derived myocardial deformation parameters as well as histomorphometric and gene expression findings in mice with heart failure. Cardiac magnetic resonance–derived myocardial mechanics correlate with histology and gene expression, stressing its utilization in myocardial remodeling.
Self-Reported Sleep Need, Subjective Resilience, and Cognitive Performance Following Sleep Loss and Recovery Sleep
Authors: Mantua Janna , Brager Allison J. , Alger Sara E. , Adewale Folarin , Skeiky Lillian , Balkin Thomas J. , Capaldi Vincent F. , Simonelli Guido 
Published: January 2020

Objective Individuals vary in response to sleep loss: some individuals are “vulnerable” and demonstrate cognitive decrements following insufficient sleep, while others are “resistant” and maintain baseline cognitive capability. Physiological markers (e.g., genetic polymorphisms) have been identified that can predict relative vulnerability. However, a quick, cost-effective, and feasible subjective predictor tool has not been developed. The objective of the present study was to determine whether two factors—“subjective sleep need” and “subjective resilience”—predict cognitive performance following sleep deprivation. Methods Twenty-seven healthy, sleep-satiated young adults participated. These individuals were screened for sleep disorders, comorbidities, and erratic sleep schedules. Prior to 40 hours of in-laboratory total sleep deprivation, participants were questioned on their subjective sleep need and completed a validated resilience scale. During and after sleep deprivation, participants completed a 5-minute psychomotor vigilance test every 2 hours. Results Both subjective resilience and subjective sleep need individually failed to predict performance during sleep loss. However, these two measures interacted to predict performance. Individuals with low resilience and low sleep need had poorer cognitive performance during sleep loss. However, in individuals with medium or high resilience, psychomotor vigilance test performance was not predicted by subjective sleep need. Higher resilience may be protective against sleep loss-related neurobehavioral impairments in the context of subjective sleep need. Conclusions Following sleep loss (and recovery sleep), trait resilient individuals may outperform those with lower resiliency on real-world tasks that require continuous attention. Future studies should determine whether the present findings generalize to other, operationally relevant tasks and additional cognitive domains.
Effects of a four-week very low-carbohydrate high-fat diet on biomarkers of inflammation: Non-randomised parallel-group study
Authors: Cipryan Lukas , Maffetone Phil B , Plews Daniel J , Laursen Paul B. 
Published: January 2020

Background: It is commonly assumed that increased dietary fat and/or caloric excess induces chronic inflammatory processes, since the association between obesity and chronic adipose tissue with systemic inflammation has been shown previously. As far as we know, the reported health benefits of a VLCHF or ketogenic diet have not adequately involved an evaluation of biomarkers of inflammation. Aim: This study investigated the effects of a four-week very low-carbohydrate high-fat (VLCHF) diet in healthy young individuals on biomarkers of inflammation. Methods: Eighteen moderately trained males (age 23.8 ± 2.1 years) were assigned to two groups. One group switched to a non-standardised VLCHF diet for four weeks, while the second group remained consuming their normal habitual diet (HD). Biomarkers of inflammation (adiponectin, leptin, resistin and interleukin-6) and substrate metabolism (fasting glucose and triacylglyceride concentrations) were analysed from blood at baseline and after four weeks. Results: There was moderate evidence for substantial changes in leptin serum concentrations in the VLCHF group, with small to large decreases compared to the HD group after four weeks (effect size = 0.78, 95% CI 0.42, 0.93, p = 0.008; Bayes Factor10 = 5.70). No substantial between-group change differences over time were found across any other biomarkers. Conclusions: A four-week period of consuming a VLCHF diet in healthy young men was not associated with any considerable changes in markers of inflammation but showed evidence for lowered serum leptin concentrations relative to the HD group.
Differential effects of integrin‐linked kinase inhibitor Cpd22 on severe pulmonary hypertension in male and female rats
Authors: Shen Yuanjun , Goncharov Dmitry A. , Avolio Theodore , Ray Arnab , Okorie Evelyn , DeLisser Horace , Mora Ana L. , Vanderpool Rebecca , Kudryashova Tatiana V. , Goncharova Elena A. 
Published: January 2020

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive fatal disease with no cure. Inhibition of integrin‐linked kinase (ILK) reverses experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in male mice, but its effect on severe experimental PH in either male or female animals is unknown. We examined effects of ILK inhibitor Cpd22 on rats with SU5416/hypoxia‐induced PH; treatment was performed at six to eight weeks after PH initiation. Five weeks after PH initiation, male and female rats developed similar levels of PH. Eight weeks after PH induction, vehicle‐treated male rats had more severe PH than females. Cpd22‐treated males, but not females, showed complete suppression of phospho‐Akt in small pulmonary arteries (PAs), significantly lower PA medial thickness and percentage of fully occluded arteries, decreased systolic right ventricle (RV) pressure, PA pressure, RV hypertrophy, RV end‐diastolic pressure, and improved RV contractility index compared to vehicle‐treated group. Cpd22 suppressed proliferation of human male and female PAH pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cell (PAVSMC). 17β‐estradiol had no effect as a single agent but significantly attenuated Cpd22‐dependent inhibition of proliferation in female, but not male, PAH PAVSMC. Taken together, these data demonstrate that male rats develop more severe PH than females but respond better to Cpd22 treatment by reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling, PH, and RV hypertrophy and improving RV functional outcomes. 17β‐estradiol diminishes anti‐proliferative effect of Cpd22 in female, but not male, human PAH PAVSMC. These findings suggest potential attractiveness of ILK inhibition to reduce established PH in males and suggest that the combination with estrogen‐lowering drugs could be considered to maximize anti‐proliferative and anti‐remodeling effects of ILK inhibitors in females.
Whole-genome sequencing of wild Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) provides insights into its genetic features
Authors: Yi Li , Dalai Menggen , Su Rina , Lin Weili , Erdenedalai Myagmarsuren , Luvsantseren Batkhuu , Chimedtseren Chimedragchaa , Wang Zhen , Hasi Surong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSiberian musk deer, one of the seven species, is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia. Worldwide, the population size of Siberian musk deer is threatened by severe illegal poaching for commercially valuable musk and meat, habitat losses, and forest fire. At present, this species is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. However, the genetic information of Siberian musk deer is largely unexplored.ResultsHere, we produced 3.10 Gb draft assembly of wild Siberian musk deer with a contig N50 of 29,145 bp and a scaffold N50 of 7,955,248 bp. We annotated 19,363 protein-coding genes and estimated 44.44% of the genome to be repetitive. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that wild Siberian musk deer is closer to Bovidae than to Cervidae. Comparative analyses showed that the genetic features of Siberian musk deer adapted in cold and high-altitude environments. We sequenced two additional genomes of Siberian musk deer constructed demographic history indicated that changes in effective population size corresponded with recent glacial epochs. Finally, we identified several candidate genes that may play a role in the musk secretion based on transcriptome analysis.ConclusionsHere, we present a high-quality draft genome of wild Siberian musk deer, which will provide a valuable genetic resource for further investigations of this economically important musk deer.