bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Biosensor of CDK5 Kinase Activity in Glioblastoma Cell Extracts and Living Cells
Authors: Peyressatre Marion , Laure Arthur , Pellerano Morgan , Boukhaddaoui Hassan , Soussi Ines , Morris May C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCDK5 plays a major role in neuronal functions, and is hyperactivated in neurodegenerative pathologies as well as in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma. Although this kinase constitutes an established biomarker and pharmacological target, there are few means of probing its activity in cell extracts or in living cells. To this aim a fluorescent peptide reporter of CDK5 kinase activity, derived from a library of CDK5‐specific substrates, is engineered and its ability to respond to recombinant CDK5/p25 is established and CDK5 activity in glioblastoma cell extracts is reported on through sensitive changes in fluorescence intensity. A cell‐penetrating variant of this biosensor which can be implemented to image CDK5 activation dynamics in space and in time is further implemented. This original biosensor constitutes a potent tool for quantifying differences in CDK5 activity following treatment with selective inhibitors and for monitoring CDK5 activation, following inhibition or stimulation, in a physiologically relevant environment. As such it offers attractive opportunities to develop a diagnostic assay for neuronal pathologies associated with hyperactivated CDK5, as well as a companion assay to evaluate response to new therapies targeting this kinase.
Hydrogen sulfide concentration in the milieu of the hydrated alanine dipeptide determines its polyproline II‐beta propensity: Main chain contribution to the energetic origin of the formation of amyloid
Authors: Mirkin Noemi G. , Krimm Samuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn view of the observation that the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is lower than that in normal brains and in line with our previous studies indicating that additional content in the aqueous environment (milieu) of a peptide can change its local energetic preference from a polyproline II (P) to a β conformation (and therefore its tendency to form the β‐chain structures that lead to the amyloid plaques associated with the disease), we have studied the effect of H2S concentration on such propensity in a simple model peptide, the alanine dipeptide (ADP). The two concentration states are represented by ADP(H2O)18(H2S) and ADP(H2O)18(H2S)2. Ab initio calculations of these structures show that the lowest energy of the former is a β conformation while that of the latter is a P, mirroring the observed AD results and strengthening our proposal that amyloid diseases are better viewed in the context of a protein milieu‐folding paradigm.
Glycerol Selective Oxidation to Lactic Acid over AuPt Nanoparticles; Enhancing Reaction Selectivity and Understanding by Support Modification
Authors: Douthwaite Mark , Powell Natasha , Taylor Aoife , Ford Grayson , López José Manuel , Solsona Benjamin , Yang Nating , Sanahuja‐Parejo Olga , He Qian , Morgan David J. , Garcia Tomas , Taylor Stuart H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA high surface area mesoporous TiO2 material (110 m2/g) was synthesised using a nanocasting methodology, utilizing SBA‐15 as a hard template. This material was subsequently used as a support to prepare a series of 1 wt.% AuPt/TiO2 catalysts, synthesised by conventional impregnation and sol‐immobilisation. Catalysts were tested for the oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid and their performance was compared with corresponding catalysts supported on TiO2−P25, TiO2‐anatase and TiO2‐rutile. Higher rates of reaction and higher selectivity to lactic acid were observed over nanocast TiO2 supported catalysts. The increased performance of these catalysts was attributed to the presence of Si on the surface of the support, which likely arose from inefficient etching of the SBA‐15 template. The presence of Si in these catalysts was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. It was proposed that the residual Si present increases the Brønsted acidity of the TiO2 support, which can lead to the formation of Lewis acid sites under reaction conditions; both sites are known to catalyse the dehydration of a primary alcohol in glycerol. Typically, under alkaline conditions, lactic acid is formed by the nucleophilic abstraction of a hydrogen. Thus, we propose that the improved selectivity to lactic acid over the nanocast TiO2 supported catalyst is attributed to the co‐operation of heterogeneous and homogeneous dehydration reactions, as both compete directly with a direct oxidation pathway, which leads to the formation of oxidation products such as glyceric and tartronic acid.
Stability of bioactive bone graft substitutes exposed to different aging and sterilization conditions
Authors: Charbonneau Cindy , Vanier Francis , Lefebvre Louis‐Philippe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBioactive glasses have been used for many years as bone graft substitutes in orthopedic and dental applications as well as an additive in toothpastes, cosmetics, and cosmeceutical products. The interest of using bioactive glass comes from its ability to dissolve and release dissolution products that stimulate bone regeneration. Porous bioactive glass scaffolds that can provide structural support while bone is growing into the structure have generated interest. However, little data is available in the literature on the effect of environmental conditions or sterilization treatments on the structure and properties of these materials. This study presents the evolution of the structure and microstructure of bioactive foams exposed to different accelerated and real‐time aging conditions and sterilization treatments. The results indicate that the material is relatively stable. For example, different sterilization methods (steam, ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide, gamma‐rays) have limited effect on the structure and properties of the foams. However, carbonate species may form on the surface of the material when exposed to CO2 and humidity. Some carbonates dissolve rapidly in water and may impact the pH of the solution. Adequate packaging should limit the reaction of the bioactive glass with CO2 and humidity and the formation of carbonate.
Acid Washing of MnOx‐SBA‐15 Composites as an Efficient Way to Improve Catalytic Properties in HCHO Total Oxidation
Authors: Rochard Guillaume , Royer Sébastien , Giraudon Jean‐Marc , Lamonier Jean‐François 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effect of 10 M HNO3 treatment on MnOx nanoparticles mostly confined inside the porous channels of SBA‐15 with low Mn average oxidation state (Mn AOS<3) has been investigated with regard to the physico‐chemical properties of the catalysts as a function of Mn loading (10, 20, 30 wt%) to be tested in the total oxidation of formaldehyde. The acid‐treated catalysts were extensively characterized (ICP, N2‐sorptions, H2‐TPR, TGA/DSC, HRTEM and XPS). It is found that the acid treatment promotes the redox and textural properties of the catalyts. Such property improvements allow to get more efficient catalysts in total oxidation of HCHO. Indeed, the standardized rate rs expressed as mmoles of formaldehyde converted into CO2 per mole of Mn per hour at 130 °C increases by 5 and by 4 for the 20 wt% Mn and 30 wt% Mn‐based catalysts, respectively.
Characterizing spine issues: If offers novel therapeutics to Angelman syndrome
Authors: Yang Xin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe mental retardation, microcephaly, speech impairment, frequent epilepsy, EEG abnormalities, ataxic movements, tongue protrusion, bursts of laughter, sleep abruptions, and hyperactivity. AS results from loss of function of the imprinted UBE3A (ubiquitin‐protein ligase E3A) gene on chromosome 15q11–q13, including a mutation on the maternal allele of Ube3a, a large deletion of the maternally inherited chromosomal region 15q11–13, paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15q11–13, or an imprinting defect. The Ube3a maternal deleted mouse model recaptured the major phenotypes of AS patients include seizure, learning and memory impairments, sleep disturbance, and motor problems. Owing to the activity‐dependent structural and functional plasticity, dendritic spines are believed as the basic subcellular compartment for learning and memory and the sites where LTP and LTD are induced. Defects of spine formation and dynamics are common among several neurodevelopmental disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders including AS and reflect the underlying synaptopathology, which drives clinically relevant behavioral deficits. This review will summarize the impaired spine density, morphology, and synaptic plasticity in AS and propose that future explorations on spine dynamics and synaptic plasticity may help develop novel interventions and therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders like AS.
Variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism in the most widely ranging lizard: testing the effects of reproductive mode and climate
Authors: Roitberg Evgeny S. , Orlova Valentina F. , Bulakhova Nina A. , Kuranova Valentina N. , Eplanova Galina V. , Zinenko Oleksandr I. , Arribas Oscar , Kratochvíl Lukáš , Ljubisavljević Katarina , Starikov Vladimir P. , Strijbosch Henk , Hofmann Sylvia , Leontyeva Olga A. , Böhme Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReproductive mode, ancestry, and climate are hypothesized to determine body size variation in reptiles but their effects have rarely been estimated simultaneously, especially at the intraspecific level. The common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) occupies almost the entire Northern Eurasia and includes viviparous and oviparous lineages, thus representing an excellent model for such studies. Using body length data for >10,000 individuals from 72 geographically distinct populations over the species' range, we analyzed how sex‐specific adult body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is associated with reproductive mode, lineage identity, and several climatic variables. Variation in male size was low and poorly explained by our predictors. In contrast, female size and SSD varied considerably, demonstrating significant effects of reproductive mode and particularly seasonality. Populations of the western oviparous lineage (northern Spain, south‐western France) exhibited a smaller female size and less female‐biased SSD than those of the western viviparous (France to Eastern Europe) and the eastern viviparous (Eastern Europe to Far East) lineages; this pattern persisted even after controlling for climatic effects. The phenotypic response to seasonality was complex: across the lineages, as well as within the eastern viviparous lineage, female size and SSD increase with increasing seasonality, whereas the western viviparous lineage followed the opposing trends. Altogether, viviparous populations seem to follow a saw‐tooth geographic cline, which might reflect the nonmonotonic relationship of body size at maturity in females with the length of activity season. This relationship is predicted to arise in perennial ectotherms as a response to environmental constraints caused by seasonality of growth and reproduction. The SSD allometry followed the converse of Rensch's rule, a rare pattern for amniotes. Our results provide the first evidence of opposing body size—climate relationships in intraspecific units.
Growing‐season length and soil microbes influence the performance of a generalist bunchgrass beyond its current range
Authors: Bueno de Mesquita Clifton P. , Sartwell Samuel A. , Schmidt Steven K. , Suding Katharine N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs organisms shift their geographic distributions in response to climate change, biotic interactions have emerged as an important factor driving the rate and success of range expansions. Plant–microbe interactions are an understudied but potentially important factor governing plant range shifts. We studied the distribution and function of microbes present in high‐elevation unvegetated soils, areas that plants are colonizing as climate warms, snow melts earlier, and the summer growing season lengthens. Using a manipulative snowpack and microbial inoculation transplant experiment, we tested the hypothesis that growing‐season length and microbial community composition interact to control plant elevational range shifts. We predicted that a lengthening growing season combined with dispersal to patches of soils with more mutualistic microbes and fewer pathogenic microbes would facilitate plant survival and growth in previously unvegetated areas. We identified negative effects on survival of the common alpine bunchgrassDeschampsia cespitosain both short and long growing seasons, suggesting an optimal growing‐season length for plant survival in this system that balances time for growth with soil moisture levels. Importantly, growing‐season length and microbes interacted to affect plant survival and growth, such that microbial community composition increased in importance in suboptimal growing‐season lengths. Further, plants grown with microbes from unvegetated soils grew as well or better than plants grown with microbes from vegetated soils. These results suggest that the rate and spatial extent of plant colonization of unvegetated soils in mountainous areas experiencing climate change could depend on both growing‐season length and soil microbial community composition, with microbes potentially playing more important roles as growing seasons lengthen.
Using Bismuth Vanadate/Copper Oxide Nanocomposite as Photoelectrochemical Sensor for Naproxen Determination in Sewage
Authors: do Prado Thiago M. , Badaró Carolina C. , Machado Rafaela G. , Fadini Pedro S. , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando , Moraes Fernando C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractConventional sewage treatment plants are not usually designed to remove emerging contaminants, and this shortcoming leads to the discharge of pharmaceuticals, among other emerging pollutants, into the environment. The present work reports the development of BiVO4/CuO‐based photoelectrochemical sensor for the determination of naproxen in sewage samples. Morphological characterizations were carried out by X‐ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy. The band gap energy of the nanocomposite material was calculated by Tauc plots using the data obtained from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy analysis. The sensor presented analytical signal during the photocurrent generation simultaneously with the oxidation of naproxen on the working electrode. The sensor responses were found to be proportional to the increase in naproxen concentration in the linear range of 5 nmol L−1 to 480 nmol L−1, R2=0.996, with a limit of detection of 5 nmol L−1. The presence of naproxen in sewage samples was successfully determined with recovery percentages above 95 %.
Parallelized disruption of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells via miniaturized and automated bead mill
Authors: Jansen Roman P. , Müller Moritz Fabian , Schröter Sophie Edith , Kappelmann Jannick , Klein Bianca , Oldiges Marco , Noack Stephan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe application of integrated microbioreactor systems is rapidly becoming of more interest to accelerate strain characterization and bioprocess development. However, available high‐throughput screening capabilities are often limited to target extracellular compounds only. Consequently, there is a great demand for automated technologies allowing for miniaturized and parallel cell disruption providing access to intracellular measurements. In this study, a fully automated bead mill workflow was developed and validated for four different industrial platform organisms: Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger. The workflow enables up to 48 parallel cell disruptions in microtiter plates and is applicable at‐line to running lab‐scale cultivations. The resulting cell extracts form the basis for quantitative omics studies where no rapid metabolic quenching is required (e.g., genomics and proteomics).
Rock burst criteria and control based on an abutment‐stress‐transfer model in deep coal roadways
Authors: Zhang Ming , Jiang Fuxing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the increase in cover depth of the coal seam, more and more rock bursts have occurred in deep coal roadways. The conventionally used passive preventive measures are not sufficient to reduce rock burst hazards in deep coal mines. To address this problem, this study firstly evaluated the abutment stress applied to the roadway surrounding rock by constructing an abutment‐stress‐transfer model after roadway excavation. Then, according to different positions of roadways in the coal seam, roadways are classified into three types: shallow‐buried roadway with hard surrounding coal/rock; deep‐buried roadway with soft surrounding coal/rock; and medium‐deep–buried roadway with medium‐hard surrounding coal/rock. Stress criterion and energy criterion for rock burst occurrence were proposed according to the three types of roadways. The rock bursts that occurred in stope 32 of Gucheng coal mine in China agree well with the calculation results. Finally, an active rock burst preventive approach (long borehole destress drilling) is suggested before intense supporting measures are adopted during roadway construction to prefracture the coal seam or competent strata. The efficiency of this method at different excavation stages is evaluated by examining borehole drill cuttings. The whole roadway was excavated without any rock burst after the borehole destress drilling method was implemented.
Spatiotemporal mapping of evacuee response
Authors: Ouellette Josée , Gwynne Steve , Brown Robert , Kinateder Max 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe analysis of evacuee behaviour and performance requires data on human behaviour from actual fire incidents. Unfortunately, such data is rarely collected and, if available, is often provided in different formats and levels of refinement, and does not provide sufficient narrative understanding. The lack of a standardized approach to collecting and reporting such data hinders our understanding of human behaviour in fire, theory development, as well as incident analysis and communication. In other fields, graphical notation systems are used to report events in a quick, reliable and standardized manner. This article outlines the development of a notation system that aims to better document evacuee performance. The proposed notation system is then applied to two historic case studies—the Knights of Columbus fire of 1942 and the Beverly Hills Supper Club fire of 1977—to illustrate the approach. Finally, limitations and future research needs of the presented notation system are discussed.
Influence of soils and different phases of reproductive growth stage on transpiration efficiency of irrigated canola
Authors: Tfwala C.M. , Haka I.B. Ukoh , van Rensburg L.D. , Du Preez C.C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMuch has been reported on the agronomic aspects of canola (Brassica napus L.), but there is a lack of information on the crop's transpiration (T). The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of soils and growth periods on the T, transpiration efficiency (TE) and transpiration efficiency coefficient (TEC) of canola under irrigation. Twenty‐four lysimeters (2.5 m2) were used for the study. The experimental treatments comprised two soil forms and four growth phases during the reproductive stage, all replicated three times. Irrigation was applied weekly through a surface drip system and a water table was maintained at 1200 mm from the surface through subirrigation. Soil water content was monitored using a neutron probe. The contribution of an accessible water table was up to 60% of the total T requirement of the crop during the investigation period. TE, calculated as above‐ground biomass per unit transpiration, ranged between 2.81 and 3.32 g m−2 mm−1. TEC, obtained by normalizing TE to the vapour pressure deficit, resulted in values between 3.82 and 4.99 g kPa mm−1. Both TE and TEC were significantly different between growth periods and not amongst soils. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of electronic effect in bifunctional catalysts for the copolymerization of CO2 and PO/CHO
Authors: Hu Yang , Du Longchao , Li Cun , Shen Jiale , Zhu Weiju , Shao Chenxi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is an easily available renewable carbon source that can be used as a comonomer in the catalytic ring‐opening polymerization of epoxides to form aliphatic polycarbonates. Herein, a series of new Salen‐Co(III) bifunctional catalysts were synthesized for the first time, and they were studied to catalyze the copolymerization of CO2 and propylene oxide (PO)/cyclohexene oxide (CHO). At the same time, the effects of reaction conditions (electronic effect, temperature, time) on catalytic activity and selectivity were investigated. The results show that the Salen‐Co(III) complexes with electron‐withdrawing groups have higher selectivity and activity for propylene carbonate (PPC)/cyclohexylene carbonate (PCHC). At the same time, the Salen‐Co(III) complexes can better catalyze the copolymerization of CHO and CO2 than that of PO and CO2. The catalytic efficiency of the four complexes increased with increasing temperature, and the best reaction condition is 80°C, 30 min and 2 MPa of CO2.
Cover Image, Volume 95, Issue 6
Authors: Yuan Lei , Zhang Xiangping , Ren Baozeng , Yang Yingliang , Bai Yinge , Bai Lu , Gao Hongshuai , Zeng Shaojuan 
Published: May 2020

The cover image is based on the Original Article Dual‐Functionalized Protic Ionic Liquids for Efficient Absorption of NH3 through Synergistically Physicochemical Interaction by Shaojuan Zeng, Yingliang Yang, Lei Yuan et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.6381.
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SIZE AND SECTORAL SPECIALISATION: THE ASYMMETRIC CROSS‐COUNTRY IMPACTS OF THE 2008 CRISIS AND ITS AFTERMATH
Authors: Armstrong Harvey W. , Read Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the cross‐country impacts of the 2008 global financial crisis and the subsequent recovery process, with a specific focus on small economies. Key growth volatility variables highlight the critical exposure of small economies to the transmission of exogenous shocks owing to their high degrees of trade openness and inherent output and export specialisation, notably in financial services and tourism. These factors also constrain the mitigation of exogenous shocks giving rise to greater growth volatility. The paper demonstrates systematic asymmetries between countries with respect to the impact of the crisis and its persistence according to their size and patterns of sectoral specialisation. Small tourism‐dependent economies and nonsovereign entities were particularly adversely affected although an offshore financial sector partly mitigated the impacts. The robustness of the findings is examined further in the appendix with regard to truncation problems arising from the use of international datasets. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.