bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological and behavioural markers of compassion
Authors: Kim Jeffrey J. , Parker Stacey L. , Doty James R. , Cunnington Ross , Gilbert Paul , Kirby James N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe scientific study of compassion is burgeoning, however the putative neurophysiological markers of programs which actively train distress tolerance, such as Compassionate Mind Training (CMT), are less well known. Herein we offer an integrative, multi-method approach which investigated CMT at neural, physiological, self-report, and behavioural levels. Specifically, this study first assessed participants’ neural responses when confronted with disappointments (e.g., rejection, failure) using two fundamental self-regulatory styles, self-criticism and self-reassurance. Second, participant’s heart-rate variability (HRV) – a marker of parasympathetic nervous system response – was assessed during compassion training, pre- and post- a two-week self-directed engagement period. We identified neural networks associated with threat are reduced when practicing compassion, and heightened when being self-critical. In addition, cultivating compassion was associated with increased parasympathetic response as measured by an increase in HRV, versus the resting-state. Critically, cultivating compassion was able to shift a subset of clinically-at risk participants to one of increased parasympathetic response. Further, those who began the trial with lower resting HRV also engaged more in the intervention, possibly as they derived more benefits, both self-report and physiologically, from engagement in compassion.
Mixed silages of cactus pear and gliricidia: chemical composition, fermentation characteristics, microbial population and aerobic stability
Authors: da Silva Brito Gêsica Samíramys Mayra , Santos Edson Mauro , de Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal , de Oliveira Juliana Silva , Zanine Anderson de Moura , Perazzo Alexandre Fernandes , Campos Fleming Sena , de Oliveira Lima Anny Graycy Vasconcelos , Cavalcanti Hactus Souto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, profile and fermentative losses, microbial population and the aerobic stability of mixed silages of cactus pear and gliricidia. The treatments corresponded to the addition levels of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud), in the silages of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica Mill.), at ratios 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% gliricidia. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression to evaluate the effect of the addition levels of gliricidia. The average related to the opening days were compared by the Tukey’s test and the average hours of exposure to air were compared by the Student’s t-test. The addition of gliricidia in cactus pear silage provided a linear increasing effect for pH, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP), and increased aerobic stability (AS). The highest dry matter recovery was estimated in the silages with 58% gliricidia. Based on the fermentative, chemical composition and silage losses, all the silages tested were adequate. However, considering aerobic stability, the addition of at least 25% gliricidia is recommended to provide the animal a feed with important quality and high nutritional value.
Computer-aided synthesis of dapsone-phytochemical conjugates against dapsone-resistant Mycobacterium leprae
Authors: Swain Shasank S. , Paidesetty Sudhir K. , Dehury Budheswar , Das Madhusmita , Vedithi Sundeep C. , Padhy Rabindra N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLeprosy continues to be the belligerent public health hazard for the causation of high disability and eventual morbidity cases with stable prevalence rates, even with treatment by the on-going multidrug therapy (MDT). Today, dapsone (DDS) resistance has led to fear of leprosy in more unfortunate people of certain developing countries. Herein, DDS was chemically conjugated with five phytochemicals independently as dapsone-phytochemical conjugates (DPCs) based on azo-coupling reaction. Possible biological activities were verified with computational chemistry and quantum mechanics by molecular dynamics simulation program before chemical synthesis and spectral characterizations viz., proton-HNMR, FTIR, UV and LC-MS. Thein vivoantileprosy activity was monitored using the ‘mouse-foot-pad propagation method’, with WHO recommended concentration 0.01% mg/kg each DPC for 12 weeks, and the host-toxicity testing of the active DPC4 was seen in cultured-human-lymphocytesin vitro. One-log bacilli cells in DDS-resistant infected mice footpads decreased by the DPC4, and no bacilli were found in the DDS-sensitive mice hind pads. Additionally, thein vitrohost toxicity study also confirmed that the DCP4 up to 5,000 mg/L level was safety for oral administration, since a minor number of dead cells were found in red color under a fluorescent microscope. Several advanced bioinformatics tools could help locate the potential chemical entity, thereby reducing the time and resources required forin vitroandin vitrotests. DPC4 could be used in place of DDS in MDT, evidenced fromin vivoantileprosy activity andin vitrohost toxicity study.
Glaucomatous vertical vessel density asymmetry of the temporal raphe detected with optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Yoshikawa Yuji , Shoji Takuhei , Kanno Junji , Ibuki Hisashi , Weinreb Robert N. , Araie Makoto , Shinoda Kei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChanges in retinal vasculature and ocular circulation may play an important role in the glaucoma development and progression. We evaluated the vertical asymmetry across the temporal raphe of the deep retinal layer vessel density, using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA), and its relationship with the central visual field (VF) loss. Thirty-four eyes of 27 patients with open-angle glaucoma were included. SS-OCTA macular scanning was performed within a 3 × 3 mm (300 × 300 pixels) volume, centred on the fovea. The relationships between the vertical asymmetrical deep retinal vessel density reduction (ADRVD) across the temporal raphe and various ocular parameters were analysed. Twenty-two glaucomatous eyes with ADRVDs had central VF loss. Contrarily, ADRVDs were not found in any of the 12 eyes without central VF loss. Thirteen eyes (59.1%) with central VF loss had ADRVDs topographically corresponding to the central VF loss and macular ganglion cell complex thinning. The glaucomatous eyes with ADRVDs exhibited inferior rather than superior central VF loss (P = 0.032). Thus, ADRVD specifically indicates the glaucomatous central visual loss. Further analysis of ADRVD may improve our understanding on glaucoma pathogenesis, offering new treatment insights.
MiR-132/212 promotes the growth of precartilaginous stem cells (PCSCs) by regulating Ihh/PTHrP signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Fu-Yong , Zhen Yun-Fang , Guo Zhi-Xiong , Dai Jin , Zhu Lun-Qing , Cao Xu , Su Guang-Hao , Zhang Wen-Yan , Fang Jian-Feng , Zhu Zhen-Hua , Yin Chun-Hua , Liu Ya , Yu Gao , Zhao Tan-Tan , Zhang Ya , Yuan Quan-Wen , Wang Xiao-Dong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Precartilaginous stem cells (PCSCs) are adult stem cells that can initiate chondrocytes and bone development. In the present study, we explored whether miR-132/212 was involved in the proliferation of PCSCs via Hedgehog signaling pathway. PCSCs were isolated and purified with the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR-3) antibody. Cell viability, DNA synthesis and apoptosis were measured using MTT, BrdU and flow cytometric analysis. The mRNA and protein expression were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The target gene for miR-132/212 was validated by luciferase reporter assay. Results showed that transfection with miR-132/212 mimic significantly increased cell viability and DNA synthesis, and inhibited apoptosis of PCSCs. By contrast, miR-132/212 inhibitor could suppress growth and promote apoptosis of PCSCs. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that transfection of miR-132/212 led to a marked reduction of luciferase activity, but had no effect on PTCH1 3′-UTR mutated fragment, suggesting that Patched1 (PTCH1) is a target of miR-132/212. Furthermore, treatment with miR-132/212 mimics obviously increased the protein expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), which was decreased after treatment with Hedgehog signaling inhibitor, cyclopamine. We also found that inhibition of Ihh/PTHrP signaling by cyclopamine significantly suppressed growth and DNA synthesis, and induced apoptosis in PCSCs. These findings demonstrate that miR-132/212 promotes growth and inhibits apoptosis in PCSCs by regulating PTCH1-mediated Ihh/PTHrP pathway, suggesting that miR-132/212 cluster might serve as a novel target for bone diseases.
p38 promoted retinal micro-angiogenesis through up-regulated RUNX1 expression in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zou Wenjun , Zhang Zhengwei , Luo Shasha , Cheng Libo , Huang Xiaoli , Ding Nannan , Yu Jinjin , Pan Ying , Wu Zhifeng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and is characterized by visible microvascular alterations including retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury, inflammation, abnormal permeability, neovascularization and macular edema. Despite the available treatments, some patients present late in the course of the disease when treatment is more difficult. Hence, it is crucial that the new targets are found and utilized in the clinical therapy of DR. In the present study, we constructed a DR animal model and a model in HRMECs to investigate the relationship between p38 and RUNX1 in retinal micro-angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. We found that p38 could promote retinal micro-angiogenesis by up-regulating RUNX1 expression in diabetic retinopathy. This suggested that the p38/ RUNX1 pathway could become a new retinal micro-angiogenesis target in DR treatment.
Plasma microRNA expression levels in HIV-1-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Marquez-Pedroza Jazmin , Cárdenas-Bedoya Jhonathan , Morán-Moguel María Cristina , Escoto-Delgadillo Martha , Torres-Mendoza Blanca Miriam , Pérez-Ríos Alma Minerva , González-Enriquez Gracia Viviana , Vázquez-Valls Eduardo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may serve as therapeutic agents or targets in diseases in which the expression of proteins plays an important role. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression levels of specific miRNAs, as well as their correlation with markers of response to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection with and without resistance to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods: miRNA assays were performed on plasma samples obtained from 20 HIV-1-positive patients. A total of ten patients were divided into two groups: HAART-responsive and HAART-resistant (n=5 per group). Commercial arrays were subsequently used to identify 84 miRNAs. A total of three differentially expressed miRNAs were selected and analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Five other patients were subsequently added to each group for a new relative expression analysis. The absolute expression level of the two miRNAs was obtained and compared using the Student’s t test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART) resistance.
Results: The array analysis revealed that miR-15b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-126-3p and miR-150-5p were down-regulated in patients with HAART-resistance comparing with HAART-responsive. The expression levels of miR-16-5p, miR-26a-5p and miR-150-5p were confirmed using qPCR. The area under the ROC curve was 1.0 for the three miRNAs.
Conclusions: The lower expression levels of miR-16-5p and miR-26a-5p in patients with HAART-resistance suggested that these may serve as potential biomarkers for the identification of HAART-responsive patients.
From sepsis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): emerging preventive strategies based on molecular and genetic researches
Authors: Hu Qinghe , Hao Cuiping , Tang Sujuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA healthy body activates the immune response to target invading pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites) and avoid further systemic infection. The activation of immunological mechanisms includes several components of the immune system, such as innate and acquired immunity. Once any component of the immune response to infections is aberrantly altered or dysregulated, resulting in a failure to clear infection, sepsis will develop through a pro-inflammatory immunological mechanism. Furthermore, the severe inflammatory responses induced by sepsis also increase vascular permeability, leading to acute pulmonary edema and resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Apparently, potential for improvement exists in the management of the transition from sepsis to ARDS; thus, this article presents an exhaustive review that highlights the previously unrecognized relationship between sepsis and ARDS and suggests a direction for future therapeutic developments, including plasma and genetic pre-diagnostic strategies and interference with proinflammatory signaling.
Accretion and jets in a low-luminosity AGN: the nucleus of NGC 1052
Authors: Falocco S. , Larsson J. , Nandi S. 
Published: April 2020

Aims. We aim to determine the properties of the central region of NGC 1052 using X-ray and radio data. NGC 1052 (z = 0.005) has been investigated for decades in different energy bands and shows radio lobes and a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus.
Methods. We used X-ray images from Chandra and radio images from Very Large Array to explore the morphology of the central area. We also studied the spectra of the nucleus and the surrounding region using observations from Chandra and XMM-Newton.
Results. We find diffuse soft X-ray radiation and hot-spots along the radio lobes. The spectrum of the circum-nuclear region is well described by a thermal plasma (T ∼ 0.6 keV) and a power law with photon index Γ ∼ 2.3. The nucleus shows a hard power law (Γ ∼ 1.4) modified by complex absorption. A narrow iron Kα line is also clearly detected in all observations, but there is no evidence for relativistic reflection.
Conclusions. The extended emission is consistent with originating from extended jets and from jet-triggered shocks in the surrounding medium. The hard power-law emission from the nucleus and the lack of relativistic reflection supports the scenario of inefficient accretion in an advection-dominated accretion flow.
Wind accretion in Cygnus X-1
Authors: Meyer-Hofmeister E. , Liu B. F. , Qiao E. , Taam R. E. 
Published: April 2020

Context. Cygnus X-1 is a black hole X-ray binary system in which the black hole captures and accretes gas from the strong stellar wind emitted by its supergiant O9.7 companion star. The irradiation of the supergiant star essentially determines the flow properties of the stellar wind and the X-ray luminosity from the system. The results of three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of wind-fed X-ray binary systems reported in recent work reveal that the ionizing feedback of the X-ray irradiation leads to the existence of two stable states with either a soft or a hard spectrum.
Aims. We discuss the observed radiation of Cygnus X-1 in the soft and hard state in the context of mass flow in the corona and disk, as predicted by the recent application of a condensation model.
Methods. The rates of gas condensation from the corona to the disk for Cygnus X-1 are determined, and the spectra of the hard and soft radiation are computed. The theoretical results are compared with the MAXI observations of Cygnus X-1 from 2009 to 2018. In particular, we evaluate the hardness-intensity diagrams (HIDs) for its ten episodes of soft and hard states which show that Cygnus X-1 is distinct in its spectral changes as compared to those found in the HIDs of low-mass X-ray binaries.
Results. The theoretically derived values of photon counts and hardness are in approximate agreement with the observed data in the HID. However, the scatter in the diagram is not reproduced. Improved agreement could result from variations in the viscosity associated with clumping in the stellar wind and corresponding changes of the magnetic fields in the disk. The observed dipping events in the hard state may also contribute to the scatter and to a harder spectrum than predicted by the model.
Searching for the near-infrared counterpart of Proxima c using multi-epoch high-contrast SPHERE data at VLT
Authors: Gratton R. , Zurlo A. , Le Coroller H. , Damasso M. , Del Sordo F. , Langlois M. , Mesa D. , Milli J. , Chauvin G. , Desidera S. , Hagelberg J. , Lagadec E. , Vigan A. , Boccaletti A. , Bonnefoy M. , Brandner W. , Brown S. , Cantalloube F. , Delorme P. , D’Orazi V. , Feldt M. , Galicher R. , Henning T. , Janson M. , Kervella P. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lazzoni C. , Ligi R. , Maire A.-L. , Ménard F. , Meyer M. , Mugnier L. , Potier A. , Rickman E. L. , Rodet L. , Romero C. , Schmidt T. , Sissa E. , Sozzetti A. , Szulágyi J. , Wahhaj Z. , Antichi J. , Fusco T. , Stadler E. , Suarez M. , Wildi F. 
Published: April 2020

Context. Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the Sun and it is known to host an Earth-like planet in its habitable zone; very recently a second candidate planet was proposed based on radial velocities. At quadrature, the expected projected separation of this new candidate is larger than 1 arcsec, making it a potentially interesting target for direct imaging.
Aims. While identification of the optical counterpart of this planet is expected to be very difficult, successful identification would allow for a detailed characterization of the closest planetary system.
Methods. We searched for a counterpart in SPHERE images acquired over four years through the SHINE survey. In order to account for the expected large orbital motion of the planet, we used a method that assumes the circular orbit obtained from radial velocities and exploits the sequence of observations acquired close to quadrature in the orbit. We checked this with a more general approach that considers Keplerian motion, called K-stacker.
Results. We did not obtain a clear detection. The best candidate has signal-to-noise ratio (S∕N) = 6.1 in the combined image. A statistical test suggests that the probability that this detection is due to random fluctuation of noise is <1%, but this result depends on the assumption that the distribution of noise is uniform over the image, a fact that is likely not true. The position of this candidate and the orientation of its orbital plane fit well with observations in the ALMA 12 m array image. However, the astrometric signal expected from the orbit of the candidate we detected is 3σ away from the astrometric motion of Proxima as measured from early Gaia data. This, together with the unexpectedly high flux associated with our direct imaging detection, means we cannot confirm that our candidate is indeed Proxima c.
Conclusions. On the other hand, if confirmed, this would be the first observation in imaging of a planet discovered from radial velocities and the second planet (after Fomalhaut b) of reflecting circumplanetary material. Further confirmation observations should be done as soon as possible.
First observations and magnitude measurement of Starlink’s Darksat
Authors: Tregloan-Reed J. , Otarola A. , Ortiz E. , Molina V. , Anais J. , González R. , Colque J. P. , Unda-Sanzana E. 
Published: April 2020

Aims. We measured the Sloan g′ magnitudes of the Starlink’s STARLINK-1130 (Darksat) and 1113 low Earth orbit (LEO) communication satellites to determine the effectiveness of the Darksat darkening treatment at 475.4 nm.
Methods. Two observations of the Starlink’s Darksat LEO communication satellite were conducted on 2020/02/08 and 2020/03/06 using Sloan r′ and g′ filters, respectively. A second satellite, STARLINK-1113, was observed on 2020/03/06 using a Sloan g′ filter. The initial observation on 2020/02/08 was a test observation conducted when Darksat was still in the process of manoeuvring to its nominal orbit and orientation. Based on the successful test observation, the first main observation took place on 2020/03/06, along with an observation of the second Starlink satellite.
Results. The calibration, image processing, and analysis of the Darksat Sloan g′ image gives an estimated Sloan g′ magnitude of 7.46 ± 0.04 at a range of 976.50 km. For STARLINK-1113, an estimated Sloan g′ magnitude of 6.59 ± 0.05 at a range of 941.62 km was found. When scaled to a range of 550 km and corrected for the solar and observer phase angles, a reduction by a factor of two is seen in the reflected solar flux between Darksat and STARLINK-1113.
Conclusions. The data and results presented in this work demonstrate that the special darkening coating used by Starlink for Darksat has darkened the Sloan g’ magnitude by 0.77 ± 0.05 mag when the range is equal to a nominal orbital height (550 km). This result will serve members of the astronomical community who are actively modelling the satellite mega-constellations to ascertain their actual impact on both amateur and professional astronomical observations. Both concurrent and subsequent observations are planned to cover the full optical and NIR spectrum using an ensemble of instruments, telescopes, and observatories.
A PILOT TRAIL: EFFECTIVENESS OF BIBLIOTHERAPY ON QUALITY OF LIFE, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND DEPRESSION AMONG PATIENT WITH CHRONIC LEG AND FOOT ULCER IN MANGALORE
Authors: P. Kirupa , B. Preetham Rai , U. Srinivasa Bhat 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Many clients living with chronic leg and foot ulcers experience diminished quality of life, pain, psychosocial maladjustment, limited work capacity, and physical disabilities. Bibliotherapy helps the individual to cope up with illness.
Objectives: Assess the pretest level of psychological distress, quality of life and depression in both Interventional and control group. Evaluate the effectiveness of bibliotherapy on quality of life, psychological distress and depression
Methods: Pilot study was conducted among the twenty patients with chronic leg and foot ulcer .Randomized clinical trial comparison with pair group method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of bibliotherapy .Data were assessed by using chronic wound impact schedule, Kessler's psychological distress scale and beck depression inventory were used to assess the quality of life, psychological distress and depression respectively. Simple random sampling by lottery method was used to collect the data.
Results: Findings show that there is mean of the quality of life (56.3), distress (28.3) and depression (22.5) were falls on the moderate level among the patient suffering with chronic leg and foot ulcer. Two way analysis of variance proves that bibliotherapy highly significant in increasing quality of life (F= 20.3,P&lt;0.001) ,decreasing the psychological distress (F=25.2,P&lt;0.01) and decreasing depression (F=5.18 ,P&lt;0.05).
Conclusion. Need based bibliotherapy is effective to meet the psychological aspects of chronic leg and foot ulcer