bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unaccountable Subjects: Contracting Legal and Medical Authority in the Newgate Smallpox Experiment (1721)
Authors: Weinreich Spencer J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The first experimental trials of smallpox inoculation were conducted on a group of prisoners in London’s Newgate Prison in 1721. These inmates were long believed to have been facing execution, but archival material reveals that they had in fact received pardons conditional on penal transportation to the Americas. This article rereads the design, progress, and reception of the experiment, reorienting the narrative around the prisoners, their agency, and the legal mechanisms of transportation and pardon. In that light the experiment reflects the dynamics of eighteenth-century governance and punishment: a relatively weak state’s reliance on contractors and deputies (whether to transport convicts or to conduct experiments), on the tacit co-operation of those below, and on the rhetorical management of its actions. Forced to accord the Newgate prisoners a measure of autonomy, the physicians and their royal backers faced a constant struggle to manage their subjects’ participation and to control the experiment’s meaning amid fierce controversy that ranged far beyond inoculation. The Newgate cohort reveals a basic identity between the medical subject and the political subject, but also highlights the fragility of such scripts, regardless of the political, economic, and cultural apparatus brought to bear.
On the Local Structure of Mahler Systems
Authors: Roques Julien 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper is a 1st step in the direction of a better understanding of the structure of the so-called Mahler systems: we classify these systems over the field $\mathscr{H}$ of Hahn series over $\overline{{\mathbb{Q}}}$ and with value group ${\mathbb{Q}}$. As an application of (a variant of) our main result, we give an alternative proof of the following fact: if, for almost all primes $p$, the reduction modulo $p$ of a given Mahler equation with coefficients in ${\mathbb{Q}}(z)$ has a full set of algebraic solutions over $\mathbb{F}_{p}(z)$, then the given equation has a full set of solutions in $\overline{{\mathbb{Q}}}(z)$ (this is analogous to Grothendieck’s conjecture for differential equations).
Understanding and detecting defects in healthcare administration data: Toward higher data quality to better support healthcare operations and decisions
Authors: Zhang Yili , Koru Güneş 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveDevelopment of systematic approaches for understanding and assessing data quality is becoming increasingly important as the volume and utilization of health data steadily increases. In this study, a taxonomy of data defects was developed and utilized when automatically detecting defects to assess Medicaid data quality maintained by one of the states in the United States.Materials and MethodsThere were more than 2.23 million rows and 32 million cells in the Medicaid data examined. The taxonomy was developed through document review, descriptive data analysis, and literature review. A software program was created to automatically detect defects by using a set of constraints whose development was facilitated by the taxonomy.ResultsFive major categories and seventeen subcategories of defects were identified. The major categories are missingness, incorrectness, syntax violation, semantic violation, and duplicity. More than 3 million defects were detected indicating substantial problems with data quality. Defect density exceeded 10% in five tables. The majority of the data defects belonged to format mismatch, invalid code, dependency-contract violation, and implausible value types. Such contextual knowledge can support prioritized quality improvement initiatives for the Medicaid data studied.ConclusionsThis research took the initial steps to understand the types of data defects and detect defects in large healthcare datasets. The results generally suggest that healthcare organizations can potentially benefit from focusing on data quality improvement. For those purposes, the taxonomy developed and the approach followed in this study can be adopted.
A AAA ATPase Cdc48 with a cofactor Ubx2 facilitates ubiquitylation of a mitochondrial fusion-promoting factor Fzo1 for proteasomal degradation
Authors: Nahar Sabiqun , Chowdhury Abhijit , Ogura Teru , Esaki Masatoshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDynamic functionality of mitochondria is maintained by continual fusion and fission events. A mitochondrial outer membrane protein Fzo1 plays a pivotal role upon mitochondrial fusion by homo-oligomerization to tether fusing mitochondria. Fzo1 is tightly regulated by ubiquitylations and the ubiquitin-responsible AAA protein Cdc48. Here, we show that a Cdc48 cofactor Ubx2 facilitates Fzo1 turnover. The Cdc48-Ubx2 complex has been shown to facilitate degradation of ubiquitylated proteins stacked at the protein translocation complex in the mitochondrial outer membrane by releasing them from the translocase. By contrast, in the degradation process of Fzo1, the Cdc48-Ubx2 complex appears to facilitate the degradation-signalling ubiquitylation of the substrate itself. In addition, the Cdc48-Ubx2 complex interacts with Ubp2, a deubiquitylase reversing the degradation-signalling ubiquitylation of Fzo1. These results suggest that the Cdc48-Ubx2 complex regulates Fzo1 turnover by modulating ubiquitylation status of the substrate.
Larvae of female Caecognathia sp. (Isopoda: Gnathiidae) are attracted to male adults and prolong their larval phase in the absence of males
Authors: Hayashi Chiaki , Tanaka Katsuhiko , Hirose Euichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The interaction between males and females (adults and/or larvae) of Caecognathia sp., a parasite of fishes, was studied in the laboratory to investigate the attraction of the opposite sexes and the induction of metamorphosis to adults. We reared the third-stage larvae collected by a light trap to develop them into adults. Their sex ratio was 104 males to 100 females, suggesting that females and males have similar fitness. The attraction experiments using an experimental chamber demonstrate that adult males attract female larvae that were also attracted by the dichloromethane extract of males but not the female extract. The males also induce the praniza females to develop into adults. When there are no males present, females can prolong the larval phase and moreover can spontaneously start to develop into adults after the prolonged larval phase. As in other isopods, the gnathiid female is supposed to be able to copulate immediately after metamorphosis, and the timing of metamorphosis is therefore crucial. The prolongable larval phase in the gnathiid female could be an adaptation to a polygynous, semelparous system and brief copulatory phase after the metamorphosis into adult female.
Response of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Insecticides at Concentrations Sublethal to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Yang Yajun , Wang Caiyun , Xu Hongxing , Tian Junce , Lu Zhongxian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are important parasitoids of Lepidopteran pests and are used for biological control in rice fields. In this study, the response of two of these parasitoids to four insecticides (chlorpyrifos, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, and spinosad) were evaluated at target sublethal concentrations (TSC10 and TSC25, representing the LC10 and LC25 to the target pest) of the important rice pest, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée). Each of the insecticides led to the mortality of adult T. japonicum and T. dendrolimi at TSC10 and TSC25, whereas no significant differences in the mortality of T. japonicum between TSC10 of chlorantraniliprole and control groups occurred. The parasitic capacity increased at F0 of T. japonicum at the two TSCs of spinosad treated host eggs, whereas the TSC10 was lower for emamectin benzoate at F1 for T. japonicum. The TSCs of chlorpyrifos treated host eggs negatively influenced the emergence rates of T. japonicum at F1. Emamectin benzoate with TSC10 reduced the female ratio of T. japonicum at F1. For T. dendrolimi, the TSCs of chlorpyrifos treated host eggs negatively influenced the emergence rates at F1. These findings indicate that T. japonicum and T. dendrolimi are affected by insecticides at TSCs, and among the four insecticides, chlorantraniliprole had the lowest mortality rates for T. japonicum and T. dendrolimi at TSCs.
Implementing a Participatory Human Rights-Based Research Methodology: The Unfitness to Plead Project
Authors: Arstein-Kerslake Anna , Gooding Piers , Mercer Sarah , Raymond Marlena , McSherry Bernadette 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article describes a novel action-research methodology that combines aspects of participatory methods and emancipatory principles into a human rights-based framework. The history of these different methods is discussed and the authors then explain how the methods can be combined to create a participatory human rights-based research methodology. This new methodology has the potential for high social impact, community inclusion, and scholarly output. The article also describes the implementation of the methodology on a project which analysed the human rights compliance of unfitness to plead laws in the Australian criminal justice system. This project developed a system of support persons within community legal centres across Australia in order to build an evidence-base for good practice in supporting people with cognitive disability who are charged with a crime. The new participatory human rights-based methodology was successful on this project and is replicable in future human rights research.
Glaxo gets puffed out: UK High Court finds colour purple not distinctive for asthma inhaler
Authors: Cameron Katie , Strath Janet 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Glaxo Wellcome UK Ltd v Sandoz Ltd [2019] EWHC 2545 (Ch), High Court of England and Wales, 4 October 2019
The High Court has dismissed an action for passing off bought by Glaxo against Sandoz in respect of use of the colour purple for its AirFluSal Forspiro inhaler.
Initial experience of robotic anatomical segmentectomy for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kagimoto Atsushi , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Izaki Yu , Handa Yoshinori , Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
Anatomical segmentectomy has the potential to replace lobectomy as the standard procedure for early stage non-small cell lung cancer. We investigated the safety and feasibility of robotic anatomical segmentectomy for non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods
Overall 20 patients underwent robotic anatomical segmentectomy at Hiroshima University Hospital between January 2014 and January 2018. The clinicopathological characteristics, surgical outcomes, complications and prognosis were analyzed.

Results
The median age was 68 (range 42–86) years, and 15 patients were female. Six patients were non-smokers. The most common clinical stage was IA1 (nine patients). Complex segmentectomies were performed in four patients (one right S3 segmentectomy, two right S8 segmentectomies and one left S8 + S9 segmentectomy). The median operation time was 163.5 (range, 114–314) minutes, and the median console time was 104 (range, 60–246) minutes. The median blood loss was 26.5 (range, 5–247) ml. The median resection margin and number of dissected lymph node were 15 (range, 2–60) mm and 5 (range, 1–15), respectively. Although five (25.0%) patients had grade IIIa complications (pleurodesis for prolonged air leakage) and one (5.0%) had a grade IIIb complication (reoperation for prolonged air leakage), no post-operative deaths occurred. The surgical outcomes were comparable with those of anatomical segmentectomy performed under hybrid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery during the same period.

Conclusion
In our initial experience of robotic anatomical segmentectomy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer, the procedure seems to be safe and feasible.
Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver: presence of biliary communication
Authors: Rodriguez Robert M , Barrio Martin , Parker Mitch L , Saeed Omer , Sherman Stuart , Ceppa Eugene P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A 35-year-old woman was referred for a symptomatic liver mass. Diagnostic workup detected a septated cyst located centrally in the liver measuring 10 × 7 cm. The cyst had gradually increased in size from previous studies with new intrahepatic biliary dilation. Due to concern for malignancy and symptomatic presentation of the patient, a partial central hepatectomy was performed. Pathology revealed a smooth-walled, multiloculated cyst lined with mucinous epithelium and ovarian-type stroma. The diagnosis of low-grade mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) was made. Characteristics of MCN-L have not been elucidated due to its rarity.
Carbapenem Treatment and Outcomes Among Patients With Culture-Positive Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections in US Hospitals: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zilberberg Marya D , Nathanson Brian H , Ditch Kristen , Lawrence Kenneth , Olesky Melanie , Shorr Andrew F 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenems are a frequent firstline therapy in complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). We examined the microbiology, epidemiology, and outcomes among patients hospitalized in the United States with culture-positive cIAIs in the context of their exposure to empiric carbapenem treatment (ECT).MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study of Premier database of ~180 hospitals, 2013–2017. Using an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9/10-based algorithm, we identified all culture-positive adult patients hospitalized with cIAI and examined their microbiology, epidemiology, and outcomes.ResultsAmong 4453 patients with cIAIs, 3771 (84.7%) had a gram-negative (GN) and 1782 (40.0%) a gram-positive organism; 1185 (26.6%) received ECT. Compared with those on non-ECT, patients on ECT were less frequently admitted from home (82.5% vs 86.0%) or emergently (76.0% vs 81.4%; P &lt; .05 for each); E. coli were less frequent, whereas P. aeruginosa and Enterococcus spp. were more prevalent and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (C3R; 10.1% vs 5.1%; P &lt; .001) and carbapenems (CR; 3.6% vs 1.2%; P &lt; .001) was more common. In adjusted analyses, ECT was associated with no rise in mortality, shorter postinfection length of stay (–0.59 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], –1.15 to –0.03), but higher postinfection costs ($3844; 95% CI, $1921 to $5767) and risk of Clostridioides difficile (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.02 to 4.50).ConclusionsAmong patients hospitalized with cIAI, the majority were gram-negative. Despite a 10% prevalence of C3R, fully one-quarter of all empiric regimens contained a carbapenem. ECT was a marker for slightly lower postinfection length of stay, but higher costs and risk of hospital complications.
Operative Technique and Workflow of Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery With Pre-existing Cochlear Implants
Authors: Bolier Erik , Karl Jessica A , Wiet R Mark , Borghei Alireza , Metman Leo Verhagen , Sani Sepehr 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in patients with pre-existing cochlear implants (CIs) poses various challenges. We previously reported successful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based, microelectrode recording (MER)-guided subthalamic DBS surgery in a patient with a pre-existing CI. Other case reports have described various DBS procedures in patients with pre-existing CIs using different techniques, leading to varying issues to address. A standardized operative technique and workflow for DBS surgery in the setting of pre-existing CIs is much needed.

Objective
To provide a standardized operative technique and workflow for DBS lead placement in the setting of pre-existing CIs.

Methods
Our operative technique is MRI-based and MER-guided, following a workflow involving coordination with a neurotology team to remove and re-implant the internal magnets of the CIs in order to safely perform DBS lead placement, altogether within a 24-h time frame. Intraoperative nonverbal communication with the patient is easily possible using a computer monitor.

Results
A 65-yr old woman with a 10-yr history of craniocervical dystonia and pre-existing bilateral CIs underwent successful bilateral pallidal DBS surgery at our institution. No merging errors or difficulties in targeting globus pallidus internus were experienced. Also, inactivated CIs do not interfere with MER nor with stimulation, and intraoperative communication with the patient using a computer monitor proved feasible and satisfactory.

Conclusion
DBS procedures are safe and feasible in patients with pre-existing CIs if precautions are taken following our workflow.
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypasses: The 7-Bypass Framework Applied to Ischemia and Aneurysms in the Cerebellopontine Angle
Authors: Baranoski Jacob F , Przybylowski Colin J , Mascitelli Justin R , Lang Michael J , Lawton Michael T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Aneurysms of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) are rare. Primary clip reconstruction of these lesions is a challenge because of the limited surgical exposure and frequent nonsaccular aneurysm morphology. Endovascular treatment options exist, but outcomes are equivalent to those for open surgery. Historically, AICA aneurysms not amenable to clipping or primary coiling have been treated with parent vessel sacrifice.

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether an AICA revascularization strategy would afford for the safe treatment of AICA aneurysms and other posterior circulation pathologies without compromising perfusion of the AICA territories.

METHODS
We describe a series of AICA bypasses to treat 4 AICA aneurysms and 3 vertebral artery/AICA occlusions.

RESULTS
We used 7 types of bypasses to revascularize the AICA territory. Bypass types included extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass without an interpositional graft, EC-IC with an interpositional graft, in situ bypass, reanastomosis, reimplantation, intracranial-to-intracranial bypass with interpositional graft, and combination bypasses. In particular, we performed the following 7 bypasses: OA-a3 AICA, OA-RAG-a3 AICA, p3 PICA-a3 AICA, a2 AICA reanastomosis, V4 VA-a3 AICA, V3 VA-SVG-a3 AICA, and a combined OA-a3 AICA bypass and p3 PICA reanastomosis. AICA revascularization allows for the safe treatment of AICA aneurysms and other posterior circulation pathologies without compromising perfusion of the AICA territories.

CONCLUSION
All 7 AICA bypasses are feasible for application to AICA aneurysms and ischemic disease. Our experience with the 7-bypass framework demonstrates the utility of the framework as a decision-making tool and the breadth of bypass innovation possible in this anatomically challenging region.
Modal Fragmentalism
Authors: Iaquinto Samuele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I will argue that there is a version of possibilism—inspired by the modal analogue of Kit Fine’s fragmentalism—that can be combined with a weakening of actualism. The reasons for analysing this view, which I call Modal Fragmentalism, are twofold. Firstly, it can enrich our understanding of the actualism/possibilism divide, by showing that, at least in principle, the adoption of possibilia does not correspond to an outright rejection of the actualist intuitions. Secondly, and more specifically, it can enrich our understanding of concretism, by proving that, at least in principle, the idea that objects have properties in an absolute manner is compatible with transworld identity.
The Policy Response to Declining Fertility Rates in Japan: Relying on Logic and Hope Over Evidence
Authors: SCHOPPA Leonard J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Why are women (and men) in advanced industrialized nations having fewer babies, and is there anything society can do to encourage more procreation? Over the past three decades, governments have become interested in these questions as societies squeezed between an aging baby boomer generation and a shrinking base of taxpayers have searched for ways to ‘cure’ their declining fertility problem. Social science has not identified any consistent policy solution to this problem, but that has not stopped policy entrepreneurs from presenting available evidence in ways that promote work–life balance policies as the ‘cure’. This article examines how Japan has adopted policies from this menu over the past three decades, in hopes of boosting fertility rates. The absence of a strong rebound, despite these policy changes, suggests that policy entrepreneurs have oversold childcare services and parental leave as the solution. What may be needed to increase rates, Japan’s experience suggests, are far-reaching changes in norms governing gender roles, the demands employers can make on employees, and ideas about what it means to be a ‘family’.
Using 17β‐estradiol heparin‐poloxamer thermosensitive hydrogel to enhance the endometrial regeneration and functional recovery of intrauterine adhesions in a rat model
Authors: Zhang Si‐Si , Xu Xin‐Xin , Xiang Wei‐Wei , Zhang Hui‐Heng , Lin Hui‐Long , Shen Lai‐En , Lin Qi , Lin Feng , Zhou Zhi‐Yang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMechanical damage or infection to the endometrium can lead to the formation of adhesions in the uterine cavity, which may result in reduced reproductive outcome and/or pregnancy complications. The prognosis of this disease is poor due to few effective treatments and the complex environment of endometrium. Heparin‐Poloxamer Hydrogel (HP hydrogel) is a nontoxic and biodegradable biomaterial, which has been commonly used as a sustained‐release delivery system. In this study, we applied a mini‐endometrial curette to scrape the endometrium of rats to mimic the process of curettage in patients. After the establishment of IUA model in rats, we injected the thermo‐sensitive hydrogel(E2‐HP hydrogel) into the injured uterine cavity and evaluated the therapeutic effect of E2‐HP hydrogel on the recovery of IUA. Our results showed that E2‐HP hydrogel can significantly facilitate the regeneration of injured endometrium along with inhibiting the cell apoptosis in IUA model. Furthermore, we revealed that E2‐HP hydrogel on the recovery of IUA was closely associated with the upregulation of kisspeptin through activating the ERK1/2 and MAPKs p38 pathways. In conclusion, E2‐HP hydrogel can effectively transfer E2 into the injured endometrium and it can be considered as a promising therapeutic method for the women with intrauterine adhesions.
FIGO Classification for the Clinical Diagnosis of Placental Accreta Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Jauniaux E. , Ayres-de-Campos D. , Langhoff-Roos J. , Fox K.A. , Collins S. 
Published: November 2019

(Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2019;146:20–24)
Placenta accreta has been diagnosed using the same criteria for nearly a century: a placenta adherent to the uterine wall without easy separation and/or bleeding from the placental bed, and an absence of a decidual layer/nitabuch layer between the placenta and myometrium. Evidence suggests a connection between the rising incidence of placenta accreta and the rising incidence of cesarean sections.