bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, With and Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: McMurray John J.V. , Wheeler David C. , Stefánsson Bergur V. , Jongs Niels , Postmus Douwe , Correa-Rotter Ricardo , Chertow Glenn M. , Greene Tom , Held Claes , Hou Fan-Fan , Mann Johannes F.E. , Rossing Peter , Sjöström C. David , Toto Roberto D. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. ,   For the DAPA-CKD Trial Committees and Investigators
Published: November 2020

Background:
Dapagliflozin reduces the risk of end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. We examined the relative risk of cardiovascular and renal events in these patients and the effect of dapagliflozin on either type of event, taking account of history of cardiovascular disease.

Methods:
In the DAPA-CKD trial (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease), 4304 participants with chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily or placebo. The primary end point was a composite of sustained decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥50%, end-stage kidney disease, or kidney or cardiovascular death. The secondary end points were a kidney composite outcome (primary end point, minus cardiovascular death), the composite of hospitalization for heart failure or cardiovascular death, and all-cause death. In a prespecified subgroup analysis, we divided patients into primary and secondary prevention subgroups according to history of cardiovascular disease.

Results:

Secondary prevention patients (n=1610; 37.4%) were older, were more often male, had a higher blood pressure and body mass index, and were more likely to have diabetes. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate and median urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio were similar in the primary and secondary prevention groups. The rates of adverse cardiovascular outcomes were higher in the secondary prevention group, but kidney failure occurred at the same rate in the primary and secondary prevention groups. Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome to a similar extent in both the primary (hazard ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.48–0.78]) and secondary (0.61 [0.47–0.79]) prevention groups (
P
-interaction=0.90). This was also true for the composite of heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death (0.67 [0.40–1.13] versus 0.70 [0.52–0.94], respectively;
P
-interaction=0.88), and all-cause mortality (0.63 [0.41–0.98] versus 0.70 [0.51–0.95], respectively;
P
-interaction=0.71). Rates of adverse events were low overall and did not differ between patients with and without cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions:
Dapagliflozin reduced the risk of kidney failure, death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for heart failure, and prolonged survival in people with chronic kidney disease, with or without type 2 diabetes, independently of the presence of concomitant cardiovascular disease.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03036150.
Nocturnal visual displays and call description of the cascade specialist glassfrog Sachatamia orejuela
Authors: Brunner Rebecca M. , Guayasamin Juan M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although most male frogs call to attract females, vocalizations alone can be ineffective long-range signals in certain environments. To increase conspicuousness and counter the background noise generated by rushing water, a few frog species around the world have evolved visual communication modalities in addition to advertisement calls. These species belong to different families on different continents: a clear example of behavioural convergent evolution. Until now, long-distance visual signalling has not been recorded for any species in the glassfrog family (Centrolenidae). Sachatamia orejuela, an exceptionally camouflaged glassfrog species found within the spray zone of waterfalls, has remained poorly studied. Here, we document its advertisement call for the first time — the frequency of which is higher than perhaps any other glassfrog species, likely an evolutionary response to its disruptive acoustic space — as well as a sequence of non-antagonistic visual signals (foot-flagging, hand-waving, and head-bobbing) that we observed at night.
Percorsi della ricerca in filologia slava dal XIX secolo
Authors: Lekova Tatiana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the methods developed in the field of Slavic philological research in the last centuries. The mission of Cyril and Methodius in Great Moravia and the activity of their disciples in the First Bulgarian Empire of Boris and Simeon laid to the foundation of a Slavic cultural and religious autonomy. The major problem of Cyril and Methodius’ studies has been to find the traces of their translations and to identify the area where the Palaeoslavic texts originated. The debate between R. Picchio and D. Lichačev revealed the clash between two different traditions in Slavic philological and literary studies; it opened a dialogue between Slavic and European scholars and led to a vast methodological and terminological renewal in the discipline. It was debated whether it was possible to apply to Slavic texts the methods developed in the field of Greek and Latin tradition, or a separate discipline Textology would be necessary for studying the history of Slavic texts and the conscious changes introduced by their coauthors and coeditors. A Linguistic Textology has also been created which limits the philological research to linguistic data. The article touches the new methods developed for the reconstruction of the Cyrill and Methodius’ Bible by means of the digitally supported profile-method applied to the editions of the Slavic Gospels. It is only at the beginning of this century that there has been a return to the method of textual criticism.
Religious Institutions in Japan Responding to Covid-19-Induced Risk and Uncertainty
Authors: Cavaliere Paola 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper discusses adaptations and alternatives that religious institutions in Japan have formulated to help communities develop the capacity to cope with the crisis and perceived risk generated by Covid-19. Qualitative data and observations of online information were collected between February and June 2020. Guided by a crisis approach, the study explores inward and outward responses that some Japanese religious institutions and their members have enacted. The investigation uses Douglas’ (1994) interpretative model of risk and explores those “thought-styles” that religious institutions have engendered that are conducive to cohesion and stability. Findings show that established and new religions alike swiftly responded to Covid-19-induced safety measures by embracing digital technology to continue their core function as cohesion-providers for their social and spiritual communities. The analysis shows that adjustments toward disembodied religious practices might hold potential to continue beyond current Covid-19-related social restrictions.
Temporal Variations in Rainfall Volume in the Southwest of Western Australia
Authors: Philip P. , Yu B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRainfall in the southwest of Western Australia (SWWA) has decreased significantly over recent decades. Previous studies documented this decrease in terms of the change in rainfall depth or decrease in the frequency of rainfall events for selected sites. Although rainfall volume is of vital importance to determine water resources availability for a given region, no study has yet been undertaken to examine the change in rainfall volume in SWWA. The aim of this study is to examine the spatiotemporal changes in rainfall volume and to attribute this change to the changes in wet area and rainfall depth. Gridded daily rainfall data at 0.05° resolution for the period from 1911 to 2018 were used for an area of 265 952 km2 in SWWA. For the whole region and most zones, rainfall volume decreased, which was mostly due to a decrease in the wet area, despite an increase in the mean rain depth. In the regions near the coast with mean annual rainfall ≥ 600 mm, 84% of the decrease in rainfall volume could be attributed to a decrease in the wet area, whereas the decrease in rainfall depth only played a minor role. The regions near the coast with a higher number of rain days showed a decreasing trend in wet area, and the regions farther inland with a lower number of rain days showed an increasing trend in wet area. On the coast, the rate of decrease in rainfall has been reduced, and heavy rainfall, in fact, has increased over the past 30 years, although there was no concurrent change in the southern annular mode (SAM). This suggests that the relationship between SAM and rainfall could have changed and that other climate drivers could also be responsible for the recent rainfall trend and variations in the coastal regions of SWWA.
Evaluation of Global Reanalysis Land Surface Wind Speed Trends to Support Wind Energy Development Using In Situ Observations
Authors: Fan Wenxin , Liu Yi , Chappell Adrian , Dong Li , Xu Rongrong , Ekström Marie , Fu Tzung-May , Zeng Zhenzhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlobal reanalysis products are important tools across disciplines to study past meteorological changes and are especially useful for wind energy resource evaluations. Studies of observed wind speed show that land surface wind speed declined globally since the 1960s (known as global terrestrial stilling) but reversed with a turning point around 2010. Whether the declining trend and the turning point have been captured by reanalysis products remains unknown so far. To fill this research gap, a systematic assessment of climatological winds and trends in five reanalysis products (ERA5, ERA-Interim, MERRA-2, JRA-55, and CFSv2) was conducted by comparing gridcell time series of 10-m wind speed with observational data from 1439 in situ meteorological stations for the period 1989–2018. Overall, ERA5 is the closest to the observations according to the evaluation of climatological winds. However, substantial discrepancies were found between observations and simulated wind speeds. No reanalysis product showed similar change to that of the global observations, although some showed regional agreement. This discrepancy between observed and reanalysis land surface wind speed indicates the need for prudence when using reanalysis products for the evaluation and prediction of winds. The possible reasons for the inconsistent wind speed trends between reanalysis products and observations are analyzed. The results show that wind energy production should select different products for different regions to minimize the discrepancy with observations.
The Impact of Initial Snow Conditions on the Numerical Weather Simulation of a Northern Rockies Atmospheric River
Authors: Rudisill William , Flores Alejandro , McNamara James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSnow’s thermal and radiative properties strongly impact the land surface energy balance and thus the atmosphere above it. Land surface snow information is poorly known in mountainous regions. Few studies have examined the impact of initial land surface snow conditions in high-resolution, convection-permitting numerical weather prediction models during the midlatitude cool season. The extent to which land surface snow influences atmospheric energy transport and subsequent surface meteorological states is tested using a high-resolution (1 km) configuration of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, for both calm conditions and weather characteristic of a warm late March atmospheric river. A set of synthetic but realistic snow states are used as initial conditions for the model runs and the resulting differences are compared. We find that the presence (absence) of snow decreases (increases) 2-m air temperatures by as much as 4 K during both periods, and that the atmosphere responds to snow perturbations through advection of moist static energy from neighboring regions. Snow mass and snow-covered area are both important variables that influence 2-m air temperature. Finally, the meteorological states produced from the WRF experiments are used to force an offline hydrologic model, demonstrating that snowmelt rates can increase/decrease by factor of 2 depending on the initial snow conditions used in the parent weather model. We propose that more realistic representations of land surface snow properties in mesoscale models may be a source of hydrometeorological predictability
Management of Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Surgery: Observational Study and Development of a Standardized Protocol
Authors: Bruggmann Christel , Astaneh Mahdieh , Lu Henri , Tozzi Piergiorgio , Ltaief Zied , Voirol Pierre , Sadeghipour Farshid 
Published: November 2020

Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common complication occurring after cardiac surgery. Guidelines for the management of this complication are scarce, often resulting in differences in treatment strategy use among patients. Objective To evaluate the management of POAF in a cardiac surgery department, characterize the extent of its variability, and develop a standardized protocol. Methods This was an observational retrospective study with data from patients who underwent cardiac surgeries with subsequent POAF between January 1, 2017, and June 1, 2018. We assessed the difference in the proportions of patients whose first POAF episodes were treated with a rate control (RaC) strategy, a rhythm control (RhC) strategy, and both among different hospital units. We also assessed the mean duration of POAF episodes, POAF recurrences, and the management of anticoagulation. Results Data from 97 patients were included in this study. The POAF management strategy differed significantly among the 3 types of hospital units ( P = 0.001). Considering all POAF episodes (including all recurrences), 83 of the 97 patients (85.6%) received amiodarone as part of the RhC strategy. Anticoagulation was used in 58 (59.8%) patients and was suboptimal according to the study criteria in 29.5% of the patients included. Based on these results, a hospital working group developed a standardized protocol for POAF management. Conclusions and Relevance POAF management was heterogeneous at our institution. This article highlights the need for clear practice guidelines based on large prospective studies to provide care according to best practices.
Implanted blood vessel external support device (VasQ™) for creation of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula: A single-center experience
Authors: Leonardi Gianluca , Campagna Marco , Pellicanò Vincenzo , Guarena Cesare , Bergamo Daniela , Lavacca Antonio , Fop Fabrizio , Biancone Luigi 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: the external support device VasQ is intended to promote arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation by maintaining the optimal anastomotic angle in order to minimize blood flow disturbances around the anastomotic area. The aim of the study is to assess efficacy and safety of the VasQ device both in brachiocephalic and radiocephalic fistulae. Methods: a single institution prospective study was conducted with implantation of the VasQ device during AVF creation. Clinical and Doppler ultrasounds evaluations were performed at day-1, 1, 6, and 12 months for assessment of device-related adverse events, AVF maturation and patency. Moreover, volume flow rate and diameter of outflow vein were measured. A total of 16 patients were enrolled. Ten brachiocephalic and 6 radiocephalic AVFs were created with VasQ. Preoperatively cephalic vein diameter was 3.6 ± 0.9 mm. Results: our population included 13 male and 3 females patients, 9 end stage kidney disease in conservative therapy, 4 dialysis treated patients, and 3 transplanted patients; mean age was 74.0 ± 8.1 years; no severe device-related adverse events were observed. Primary patency at 1, 6, and 12 months was 100%, 87.5%, and 67.7%, respectively, while secondary patency was 100%, 100%, and 78.3%, respectively. Comparing brachiocephalic to radiocephalic AVFs no significant differences in patency rates were seen. Overall maturation rate was 94% (15/16). Mean vein diameter measured with Doppler ultrasound at postoperative day-1 and at 1, 6, and 12 months was 5.0 ± 1.0, 5.9 ± 0.9, 7.2 ± 1.6, and 7.9 ± 1.4 mm, respectively, with a mean flow rate at the brachial artery of 841 ± 176, 1052 ± 224, 1261 ± 490, and 1348 ± 477 ml/min, respectively. Conclusions: in our limited experience VasQ was safe, with high maturation and patency rates. Positive results suggest a potential benefit for VasQ in AVF.
Telephone surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic: Is it a helpful diagnostic tool for detecting acute pulmonary exacerbations in children with chronic lung disease?
Authors: Ozsezen Beste , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Tural Dilber A , Sunman Birce , Buyuksahin Halime N , Yalcin Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural 
Published: November 2020

Introduction The global burden of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic on the healthcare system, as well as the high transmission risk of coronavirus disease has led to the use of alternative strategies for evaluation of children with chronic conditions. In this context, telemedicine has become the effective and affordable choice. In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of telephone visits to determine pulmonary exacerbations and hospitalization rates of children with cystic fibrosis and interstitial lung disease. Methods A total of 119 children with cystic fibrosis or interstitial lung disease were enrolled and provided cases in which telephone visits were applied during the peak time of the coronavirus disease pandemic in our country. The recordings of respiratory, gastrointestinal and other symptoms, nutrition status, rate of acute pulmonary exacerbation, treatments initiated by telephone visits, referral to hospital and hospitalization were established from the electronic health reports of the patients. Results Thirteen patients (10.9%) were symptomatic, 12 of them (10%) were diagnosed with acute pulmonary exacerbation. One patient was diagnosed with peripheral facial paralysis. Nine patients were recalled to the hospital and seven patients (5.8%) were hospitalised. Discussion Using telemedicine the health status of patients can be defined, and patients can be guided on proper healthcare that they need, especially during the times of pandemics which we are facing. Communication with patients while minimising the risk of exposure to coronavirus disease is an important advantage of telemedicine. Telemedicine will have to be implemented on our daily medical practice in the near future.
Estimation of the LDL subclasses in ischemic stroke as a risk factor in a Chinese population
Authors: Duan Ruisheng , Xue Wenjun , Wang Kunpeng , Yin Nan , Hao Hongyu , Chu Hongshan , Wang Lijun , Meng Peng , Diao Le 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Our study aims to clarify the role of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) subclasses in the occurrence of AIS and develop a risk xprediction model based on these characteristics to identify high-risk people.

Methods
Five hundred and sixty-six patients with AIS and 197 non-AIS controls were included in this study. Serum lipids and other baseline characteristics including fasting blood glucose (GLU), serum creatinine (Scr), and blood pressure were investigated in relation to occurrence of AIS. The LDL subfractions were classified and measured with the Lipoprint System by a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique.

Results
Levels of LDL-3, LDL-4 and LDL-5 subclasses were significantly higher in the AIS group compared to the non-AIS group and lower level of LDL-1 was prevalent in the AIS patients. Consistently, Spearman correlation coefficient demonstrated that sd-demonevels, especially LDL-3 and LDL-4 levels, were significantly positively correlated with AIS. Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between small dense LDL (sd-LDL, that is LDL-3 to 7) levels and serum lipids including total cholesterol (TC), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and Triglyceride (TG). Increased LDL-3 and LDL-4 as well as decreased LDL-1 and LDL-2 were correlated to the occurrence of AIS, even in the people with normal LDL-C levels. A new prediction model including 12 variables can accurately predict the AIS risk in Chinese patients (AUC = 0.82 ± 0.04).

Conclusions
Levels of LDL subclasses should be considered in addition to serum LDL-C in assessment and management of AIS. A new prediction model based on clinical variables including LDL subtractions can help clinicians identify high of AIS, even in the people with norm.
Prognostic factors and survival according to tumour subtype in women presenting with breast cancer bone metastases at initial diagnosis: a SEER-based study
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhang Xiaoli , Liu Jie , Shen Yinzhong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Tumour subtype has a significant effect on bone metastasis in breast cancer, but population-based estimates of the prognosis of patients with bone metastases at breast cancer diagnosis are lacking. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of tumour subtype and other factors on the prognosis and survival of patients with bone metastases of breast cancer.

Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program data from 2012 to 2016, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate stage IV breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Stage IV patient characteristics according to subtype were compared using chi-square tests. Overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model, respectively.

Results
A total of 3384 stage IV patients were included in this study; 63.42% were HR+/HER2-, 19.86% were HR+/HER2+, 9.34% were HR−/HER2-, and 7.39% were HR−/HER2+. The median OS for the whole population was 38 months, and 33.9% of the patients were alive at 5 years. The median OS and five-year survival rate were significantly different among stage IV breast cancer patients with different molecular subtypes (p < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age of 55–59 (HR = 1.270), black race (HR = 1.317), grade III or IV (HR = 1.960), HR−/HER2- (HR = 2.808), lung metastases (HR = 1.378), liver metastases (HR = 2.085), and brain metastases (HR = 1.903) were independent risk factors for prognosis; married status (HR = 0.819), HR+/HER2+ (HR = 0.631), HR−/HER2+ (HR = 0.716), insurance (HR = 0.587) and surgery (HR = 0.504) were independent protection factors of prognosis. There was an interaction between the HR+/HER2+ subtype and other metastases (except bone metastases, HR = 0.694, 95% CI: 0.485–0.992), but the interaction between race and subtype did not reach significance for prognosis.

Conclusions
There were substantial differences in OS according to tumour subtype. In addition to tumour subtype, other independent predictors of OS were age at diagnosis, race, marital status, insurance, grade, surgery and visceral metastases. There was an interaction between the HR+/HER2+ subtype and other metastases (except bone metastases) for prognosis. Tumour subtype, as a significant prognostic factor, warrants further investigation.