bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addition of aprepitant improves acute emesis control in children and adolescents receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia: a randomised, open-label trial
Authors: Sharma Atul , Ganguly Shuvadeep , C Santosh Kumar , Pillai Ashwati S , Dhawan Deepa , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesMore than 50% patients develop emesis during induction therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The addition of aprepitant for emesis control in children receiving induction for AML have not been explored.MethodsA single-institutional randomised, open-label trial (NCT02979548) was conducted where children between 5 and 18 years with the diagnosis of AML being planned for 3+7 induction regimen were included. All study participants received ondansetron (0.15 mg/kg) every 8 hours for 8 days starting 30 min prior to chemotherapy. Children belonging to aprepitant group additionally received aprepitant capsules (15–40 kg=days 1–3, 80 mg; >40 kg=day 1, 125 mg and days 2–3, 80 mg) starting from 1 hour prior to chemotherapy. The proportion of patients with complete response (CR) in chemotherapy induced vomiting (CIV) in acute phase (day 1–8), delayed phase (day 9–13), overall and initial 96 hours were recorded along with severity of vomiting and adverse effects.ResultsTotal 78 children were randomised (Aprepitant group: 37 and control group: 41). The proportion of patients with CR in CIV was significantly higher in Aprepitant group in acute phase (p=0.007), overall phase (p=0.007) and in initial 96 hours (p<0.001) but it was not different in delayed phase (p=0.07). The first episode of vomiting was also significantly delayed in aprepitant group (p=0.02). Adverse effect profile was similar in two groups.ConclusionAprepitant significantly improves emesis control in children receiving induction therapy for AML, especially in acute phase and should be routinely incorporated as part of antiemetic prophylaxis.Trial registration numberThe study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02979548).
Diagnostic performance of morning serum cortisol as an alternative to short synacthen test for the assessment of adrenal reserve; a retrospective study
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Carr Peter , Wassif Ws 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe short synacthen test (SST) is widely used across the UK to assess adrenal reserve. The main objective of our study was to determine the morning serum cortisol level that will predict adrenal insufficiency (AI) thus reducing our reliance on SST.DesignThis was a single centre retrospective study of 393 SST tests measuring 0 and 60 min cortisol levels after administration of 250 μg of synacthen (synthetic ACTH).Patients and methodsAll the SST tests for patients suspected of primary or secondary AI between April 2016 and October 2018 were included in this study. We used serum to determine circulating cortisol by a newer generation competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) (Roche Diagnostics). A post-ACTH cortisol response of ≥420 nmol/L at 60 min was considered adequate to rule out AI. The data were analysed to ascertain the relationship between 0 min and 60 min serum cortisol.ResultsA total of 393 SST results were included in this study. Overall, a total of 332 (84.5%) subjects achieved sufficient serum cortisol level at 60 min, while 61 subjects (15.5%) showed insufficient response. Using the logistic regression, we determined that a morning basal serum cortisol level of ≥354 nmol/L was able to predict normal adrenal function with 100% sensitivity. We were unable to find a lower cut-off value below which SST will not be required. By using this proposed cut-off point, approximately 37% of the SSTs tests could be avoided.ConclusionsBasal morning serum cortisol can be safely used as a first step in the evaluation of patients with suspected AI. This will enhance the number of patients being screened for this condition.
Constraining visible neutrino decay at KamLAND and JUNO
Authors: Porto-Silva Yago P. , Prakash Suprabh , Peres O. L. G. , Nunokawa Hiroshi , Minakata Hisakazu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study visible neutrino decay at the reactor neutrino experiments KamLAND and, JUNO. Assuming the Majoron model of neutrino decay, we obtain constraints on the couplings between Majoron and neutrino as well as on the lifetime/mass of the most massive neutrino state i.e., $$\tau _{3} / m_{3}$$

τ
3

/

m
3

or $$\tau _{2} / m_{2}$$

τ
2

/

m
2

, respectively, for the normal or the inverted mass orderings. We obtain the constraints on the lifetime $$\tau _{2} / m_{2} \ge 1.4 \times 10^{-9}~{\mathrm{s/eV}}$$

τ
2

/

m
2

≥
1.4
×

10

-
9

s
/
eV

in the inverted mass ordering for both KamLAND and JUNO at 90% CL. In the normal ordering in which the bound can be obtained for JUNO only, the constraint is milder than the inverted ordering case, $$\tau _{3} / m_{3} \ge 1.0 \times 10^{-10}$$

τ
3

/

m
3

≥
1.0
×

10

-
10

s/eV at 90% CL. We find that the dependence of lightest neutrino mass ($$=m_{{{\mathrm{lightest}}}}$$

=

m
lightest

), $$m_1 (m_3)$$

m
1

(

m
3

)

for the normal (inverted) mass ordering, on the constraints for the different types of couplings (scalar or pseudo-scalar) is rather strong, but the $$m_{{{\mathrm{lightest}}}}$$

m
lightest

dependence on the lifetime/mass bound is only modest.
Earth tomography with atmospheric neutrino oscillations
Authors: D’Olivo Juan Carlos , Herrera Lara José Arnulfo , Romero Ismael , Sampayo Oscar A. , Zapata Gabriel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe study of the flux of atmospheric neutrino crossing the Earth can provide useful information not only on the matter density of the different layers that make up the planet but also on their chemical composition. The key phenomenon that makes this possible is flavor oscillations and their dependence on the electron density along the neutrino baseline. To extract the relevant information, we simulate the energy and azimuth angle distribution of events produced in a generic neutrino telescope by atmospheric neutrinos passing through the deepest parts of the Earth. Changes in the densities of the outer core and the mantle are implemented by varying the location of the boundary between these layers so that the restrictions on the mass of and the moment of inertia of the Earth are both satisfied. This allows us to examine the effect of simultaneous changes in composition and density of the outer core, unlikely other works on the subject, where only one of these quantities was varied.
Functional Outcome of Early, Selective Surgical Nerve Decompression in Leprous Neuropathy
Authors: Khan Yasim , Prakash Saket , Kalra Pulkit , Arora Sumit , Dhal Anil 
Published: October 2020

Background: Leprous neuropathy is a significant, yet preventable, cause of disability worldwide. Decompressive surgery and oral steroids have been used along with Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) for treating leprous neuropathy with varied success as reported in literature. Methods: We prospectively studied 16 peripheral nerves in 10 patients with leprous neuropathy of less than a year duration and not responding to steroid therapy in 3 weeks. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group-A (decompressive nerve surgery was done within 12 weeks of onset of neurological deficit), and Group-B (nerve decompression was performed after 12 weeks from onset of neurological deficit). Post-operatively patients were assessed for regression of deformity, sensory, motor, vasomotor recovery and neuropathic pain. Results: Median age of patients was 32 years (range; 18 years to 46 years). Mean motor score and mean grip strength was significantly better for group A patients at 2 years follow-up (p < 0.05). Mean sensory score improved significantly in both the groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, mean VAS score for neuropathic pain improved significantly in both the groups (p < 0.05). Recovery of autonomic function was observed in 3 nerves in group A and 1 in group B. Conclusions: The cases who underwent nerve decompression surgery within 12 weeks had better functional outcomes, especially in terms of motor recovery, than those who were operated after that. Studies involving larger number of patients are required to draw firm conclusions.
COVID-19 and computation for policy
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey , Denning Peter , Delic Kemal , Bromley Jane 
Published: October 2020

Governments across the world are formulating and implementing medical, social, economic and other policies to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and protect their citizens. Many governments claim that their policies follow the best available scientific advice. Much of that advice comes from computational modeling. Two of the main types of model are presented: the SIR (Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) model developed by Kermack and McKendrick in the 1920s and the more recent Agent Based Models. The SIR model gives a good intuition of how epidemics spread; including how mass vaccination can contain them. It is less useful than Agent Based Modeling for investigating the effects of policies such as social distancing, self-isolation, wearing facemasks, and test-trace-isolate.
Politicians and the public have been perplexed to observe the lack of consensus in the scientific community and there being no single 'best science' to follow. The outcome of computational models depends on the assumptions made and the data used. Different assumptions will lead to different computational outcomes, especially when the available data are so poor. This leads some commentators to argue that the models are wrong and dangerous. Some may be, but computational modeling is one of the few ways available to explore and try to understand the space of possible futures. This lack of certainty means that computational modeling must be seen as just one of many inputs into the political decision making process. Politicians must balance all the competing inputs and make timely decisions based on their conclusions---be they right or wrong. In the same way that democracy is the least worst form of government, computational modeling may be the least worst way of trying to understand the future for policy making.
Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score and Coronary Artery Calcium Progression
Authors: Gao Jing-Wei , Hao Qing-Yun , Zhang Hai-Feng , Li Xiong-Zhi , Yuan Zhi-Min , Guo Ying , Wang Jing-Feng , Zhang Shao-Ling , Liu Pin-Ming 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To investigate whether low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) were associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression.

Approach and Results:

We included the participants who completed computed tomography assessment of baseline CAC in 2000 to 2001 (year 15) and follow-up (year 20 or 25) and food frequency questionnaire (years 0, 7, and 20) in the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). CAC progression was defined as CAC >0 at follow-up among participants with baseline CAC of 0 and an annualized change of 10 or percent change of ≥10% for those with 0<baseline CAC<100 or baseline CAC≥100, respectively. Among 2226 included participants (age, 40.4±3.5 years; 45.4% men), the carbohydrate intake accounted for 47.8±6.5% of total energy, and 204 (9.2%) had CAC at baseline (year 15). Over a mean follow-up of 8.3 years, 591 (26.5%) participants had CAC progression. After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and other dietary factors, carbohydrate intake as a percentage of total energy was inversely associated with the risk of CAC progression (hazard ratio, 0.731 [95% CI, 0.552–0.968];
P
=0.029). Furthermore, the animal-based but not plant-based LCD score was significantly associated with a higher risk of CAC progression (animal-based LCD score: hazard ratio, 1.456 [95% CI, 1.015–2.089];
P
=0.041; plant-based LCD score: hazard ratio, 1.016 [95% CI, 0.821–1.257];
P
=0.884; both comparing extreme groups).

Conclusions:
LCDs starting at a young age are associated with an increased risk of subsequent CAC progression, particularly when animal protein or fat are chosen to replace carbohydrates.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00005130.
Gandhi and the Parable of the Prodigal Son
Authors: Damm Alex 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay seeks to emphasize the important bearing which multiple and quotidian, personal contexts have on the biblical exegesis of Mohandas K. Gandhi. The essay focuses on Gandhi’s interpretation of the parable of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15:11–32), asking in particular why Gandhi’s reading departs from the parable’s literal sense. While the most evident reason for Gandhi’s distinctive interpretation is his philosophy of satyagraha or non-violent resistance, there emerge behind this appeal, several more precise contexts that plausibly contributed to Gandhi conceiving of satyagraha as the parable’s interpretive key. These contexts included political exigencies that Gandhi faced in mid-1920; his relationship with his son Harilal; and the profile of one of his interlocutors, Sir Narayan Chandavarkar. This essay emphasizes the importance of such varied and personal contexts that merge to help shape Gandhi’s interpretation, and closes with implications for further study of biblical exegesis by Gandhi and more generally in the global south.
Reconciliation in the Joseph Story
Authors: Jarrard Eric X. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article uses contributions from the field of conflict transformation to illuminate the Joseph story and provide a more nuanced understanding of the type of resolution attained by Joseph and his brothers in Genesis 50. This analysis demonstrates important and revelatory differences between the concepts of forgiveness and reconciliation. Understanding the differences between these terms clarifies certain interpretive aspects of the Joseph story and the history of its authors heretofore overlooked in biblical scholarship. The emphasis of the biblical text on public reconciliation—not the private act of forgiveness—operates as a polemic against egocentricity and reflects an attempt to memorialize intertribal reconciliation. Such concerns provide support for those who assert a monarchic background to Genesis 50.
When Words become too Violent: Silence as a Form of Nonviolent Resistance in the Book of Jeremiah
Authors: Hildebrandt Samuel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Throughout the Book of Jeremiah, the prophet is depicted as a victim of verbal and physical violence to which he often responds with fierce imprecations. My study articulates a basic framework in which these troubling passages can be understood and used responsibly by contemporary readers (“Speech as a Response to Violence”) but then argues that Jeremiah’s prayer in Jer 18 violates the balance and boundaries of this framework (“Speech as a Response too Violent”). Inasmuch as this discussion reveals the problems and potential dangers of speech, I offer a reading of Jer 15–16, 26, and 28 that highlights the prophet’s silence as an alternative response to violence. This silence, I argue, is not a form of submissive suffering but an act of public critique and strategic disengagement. Jeremiah’s silence speaks powerfully and peacefully in his own violent context and, by extension, may speak so also in ours.
Hugo Grotius’s De societate publica cum infidelibus, Justifying overseas expansionism or religious toleration?
Authors: de Wilde Marc 
Published: October 2020

Summary
This article provides an analysis of an unpublished manuscript of Hugo Grotius, entitled De societate publica cum infidelibus, ‘On public partnership with infidels’. In the text, Grotius examines the legal conditions under which Christians may enter into treaties and alliances with non-Christians. Grotius’s text has been interpreted by Peter Borschberg and Martine van Ittersum as a justification of the Dutch commercial and military policies in the East Indies. However, as this article shows, Grotius probably conceived of De societate as a more general treatise, which related not only to the East Indian context, but also to the domestic debate about the legal position of non-Christians in the Dutch Republic. The same arguments that served as a justification for overseas expansionism could thus serve as a justification for religious toleration in the domestic context.
Strategies for Quoting the Holy Scriptures in the Old Polish Biblical-Apocryphal Narrations
Authors: Rojszczak-Robińska Dorota 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Old-Polish Biblical-apocryphal narrations are the most extensive manuscripts preserved in the Polish language, the texts very important from the perspective of the beginnings of the Polish literary language. Majority of them have been preserved as copies, quite often copies obtained from other copies. They are based on many different Latin sources, originating from various periods. We can see the creation of a new text from fragments translated into Polish, sometimes quoted, sometimes paraphrased, often combined at the lowest level – within a single sentence. In the paper, I will show how the quotations from The Bible function in those multi-layered and multi-styled medieval texts stemming from many sources.
From Germs Control to Arms Control: Security Negotiations in the Era of Coronavirus
Authors: Baklitskiy Andrey , Shakirov Oleg 
Published: October 2020

Summary
This essay focuses on three ways the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic influenced arms control and non-proliferation diplomacy. The pandemic affected the way diplomats were able to communicate with each other to negotiate on the arms control and disarmament issues. The initial response — postponing events or hosting them on makeshift platforms — was acceptable as a temporary solution but dedicated channels of communication will be needed to prepare for similar disruptions in the future. COVID-19 also had an impact on the implementation of the agreed arms control and non-proliferation accords. As on-site verification activities became impossible, remote monitoring proved its resilience, which could make it a more prominent arms control tool. Finally, the pandemic raised the profile of global health issues and led to their securitisation. This revived a discussion over international regulation of biological security through existing and new mechanisms.
Arterial switch operation for Taussig-Bing anomaly with aortic arch obstruction
Authors: Fuchigami Tai , Nishioka Masahiko , Shimabukuro Atsuya , Takefuta Kiyotaka , Nagata Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2020

Introduction The short-term survival rate after single-stage correction of Taussig-Bing anomaly with aortic arch obstruction remains favorable. However, some cases are encountered occasionally in which single-stage correction was not performed during the neonatal period. Accordingly, we evaluated the midterm outcomes of different surgical strategies. Methods Seven patients who underwent an arterial switch operation and intraventricular rerouting as definitive surgery between 2007 and 2017 were investigated. Of these 7 patients, 3 had undergone previous pulmonary artery banding and aortic arch reconstruction. Results The median body weight at definitive surgery was 3.3 kg (range 2.9–8.3 kg). At definitive surgery, the arrest time for single-stage correction (162.3 ± 21.7 min) was significantly shorter than that of staged repair (206.3 ± 5.1 min, p = 0.020). There was no hospital or late death. One patient in both strategy groups underwent aortic reintervention 54 months and 7.1 months after the definitive operation. Neoaortic valve (perinatal pulmonary valve) diameter decreased significantly from the perinatal valve diameter following definitive surgery (median +4.94z and +2.12z, respectively, p = 0.016) but there was no significant difference in the neopulmonary valve (perinatal aortic valve) diameter. Both single-stage correction and staged repair patients showed a similar trend. At the last follow-up, no patient had greater than mild neoaortic or neopulmonary valve regurgitation. Conclusion The surgical outcomes of both single-stage correction and staged correction for Taussig-Bing anomaly with aortic arch obstruction are excellent. Both strategies produce similar changes in the diameter and regurgitation grade of the neoaortic and neopulmonary valves.
A novel measurement to evaluate supraspinatus tendinopathies with strain elastography
Authors: Özel Deniz , Demir Yüksel , Özel Betül Duran , Adaş Müjdat 
Published: October 2020

Background In addition to the traditional strain ratio (STR), a novel measurement termed hard percent of the whole tendon, provided by the device’s software and resembling shear-wave elastography, was included in the study. Purpose To evaluate the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and strain elastography findings in cases with rotator cuff tendinopathy, including tears. Material and Methods As a prospective study, cases suggestive of rotator cuff tendinopathy were included. After MRI evaluation by two observers, grading of the elastography examination was performed by a third radiologist. For the first measurement, the region of interest (ROI) was chosen from the gray-scale evaluation corresponding to the area showing a MRI pathological signal. Stiffness was assessed with the STR. For the second measurement, the whole visible tendon was measured as the ROI. The hard percent (unaffected areas as a percent) was measured. Correlation coefficients between MRI grade and the two strain value measurements were calculated. Results There were 93 cases (31 men, 62 women) with 112 involved tendons. The correlation coefficient between MRI grade and age was calculated as 0.56, between MRI grade and STR it was –0.51, and with the novel measurement the correlation coefficient was –0.53. Conclusion This study showed a good association of findings of tendon stiffness with those of tendinopathy on MRI. Using the hard ratio as a novel measurement, its correlation with MRI grade was as reliable as the STR. We also experienced that the benefit of elastography is a challenging issue for defining small ruptures.
A retrospective survey of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection rates in paediatric patients from a single centre in Wuxi, China
Authors: Chen Jie-Ru , Zhou Xiao-Fei 
Published: October 2020

Objective To provide some epidemiological data on Chlamydia pneumoniae infection rates in paediatric patients at a single centre in Wuxi, China. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of serum samples from paediatric patients (<12 years) with a respiratory tract infection (RTI) and who had been admitted to the Department of Paediatrics, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, China, from 01 January 2015 to 31 December 2016. C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies had been analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Of the 3866 children (2073 boys, 1793 girls) with a RTI that provided serum samples, 19% were positive for C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies. Among these children, 56% were positive for other infections. Conclusions Children over 6 years of age with a RTI had a higher C.pneumoniae infection rate than younger children and the infection rate was more common in winter months compared with other times of the year.