bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Effect of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Material over Virgin Material in Bituminous Mix
Authors: Gireesh kumar Pala 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With increased demand and limited aggregate and binder supply brings the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a valuable component in Hot Mix Asphalt(HMA) since 1970’s in US. Later on, the use of RAP has evolved into a regular practice in many countries around the world and use of these materials in the past has proven to be economically and environmentally sound. Mixing of RAP in virgin materials has been greatly favored over virgin materials because of increase in cost of asphalt, scarcity of quality aggregates and asphalt. The use of RAP in pavement design is Recycling the left over Asphalt through crushing and is recycled back into asphalt which performs equal or better than the virgin mixtures. Now-a- days being more environmentally friendly is important and hence, recycling on site can offer real benefits not only through better planning and regulations, but also saving in the waste disposal charges, energy saving which is modified into the strengthen material. The use of RAP is gaining momentum in India at present and very less studies were carried out and there were no such studies on complete usage of RAP and hence this study was carried out for complete utilization of RAP content in Bituminous mixture. Experimental results show that, RAP materials has much better resistance under compressive load and impact load than virgin materials, i.e. 8.43% of impact value and 6.23% of crushing value was obtained for RAP whereas 12.83% of impact value and 9.07% of crushing value was obtained for virgin material. It was found that 30 to 50% of RAP material can be preferable for the construction of roads where as on using 100% RAP the pavement becomes weak and unstable.
An adsorption technique applied by plants and factories for purifying gas emissions using modified wastes available at power plants
Authors: Khusnutdinova E M , Nikolaeva L A , Khusnutdinov A N 
Published: December 2020

Abstractthe paper proposes an adsorption-based method of how to remove sulfur dioxide from the gas emissions produced by industrial companies. A power plant waste – chemical water treatment sludge from Kazan CHPP-1 – was used as an adsorption material. The authors refere here to the chemical composition of the sludge and describe the method of its modification. A new sorption material based on power plant waste was tested for removal sulfur dioxide from the gases. This was resulted in kinetic dependence and adsorption isotherm. The mechanism of how the sulfur dioxide can be adsorbed by a new sorption material at different temperatures was studied. The tests revealed Gibbs free energy, differential heat, and adsorption activation energy. The economic and environmental effect of upgrading the process of removal of sulfur dioxide from gas emissions was calculated for the sodium bisulfite production line of L. Ya. Karpov Chemical Plant JSC
Ecological stability of wood species in conditions of root reclamation of salt flats
Authors: Yu Sautkina M , Cheverdin Yu I , Akhtyamov A G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The state of artificial tree planting in 54 years after the meliorative effects on the solonetzic soils (land use, gypsum, manure application) and the transformation of annual soil treatments were studied. There was a general decrease in the forest stand and its quality on saline cells compared to common Chernozem. It is shown that the most salt-resistant tree crops are oak, ash and elm, whose safety is higher compared to other breeds tested in the experiment. Pears, apple trees, and poplars are now almost absent from the forest plantation. In the southern part of the saline section, by the age of 54, an ash-oak plantation with poplar and elm trees was formed (in the aggregate of the first two tiers), and in the Chernozem section, an oak-ash plantation with elm trees was formed. Plantings, according to forest management standards, have a significant difference in the composition of the first tier, in the completeness and totality of crowns and the stock of the stem tree. In the Northern part of the experimental site, the difference in the composition of the first two tiers is more significant, since the proportion of ash in the Chernozem section is 20% lower than in solonetzic soils, where the stand is less dense, full, stock and bonitet than the taxational indicators of the stand in Chernozem.
Innovations in the technology for producing asphalt concrete based on neutralized catalyst as a condition for improving the quality of road surfaces
Authors: Egorova G I , Semukhin S P , Egorov A N , Kachalov N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The conditions of safety and environmental friendliness of the operation of roads as an international key problem of our time are disclosed. Objective reasons are shown that reduce the quality indicators of the construction and operation of roads. A call to the technology for producing asphalt concrete based on spent alumina-chromium catalysts is a timely need, due to the increasing requirements of international and Russian standards for the quality of roads and their operating conditions. The main scientific idea is to obtain asphalt concrete based on reduced aluminum-chromium catalyst to improve the quality of road surfaces.
A safe method is proposed for converting toxic waste into safe raw materials, taking into account the conversion of chromium (VI) compounds to chromium (III), which makes it possible to use it as part of asphalt concrete coatings. The optimal amount of alumina-chromium catalyst in the composition of asphalt concrete (6.4 ÷ 12.5 wt. %) is shown. It is proved that the use of reduced aluminum-chromium catalyst in the composition of asphalt concrete increases the proportion of waste in the total raw material balance, expands the range of building materials used in atmospheric conditions.
Samples of asphalt concrete mixtures were prepared and tested according to ISST 9128-97 with the use of spent catalyst additives.
The analysis of the current state of road surface coating technology is carried out. The optimal formulation for the preparation of asphalt mixes based on the spent catalyst having indicators of physical and mechanical properties is better than a standard sample of asphalt concrete. An effective method is proposed for removing toxic hexavalent chromium from spent catalyst as waste by transferring it to non-toxic trivalent chromium. One of the long-term problems of improving the quality of road surfaces with the inclusion of reconditioned spent aluminum-chromium catalysts, as a solution to the industrial and environmental safety of an industrial enterprise and improving the quality of operation and durability of road surfaces has been solved.
Thermophysical properties of lowland Histosols of the Upper Volga woodland (on the example of the Yakhroma river valley)
Authors: Sorokina N V , Shein E V , Pozdnyakova A D , Shvarov A P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Annotation. The dependence of thermal diffusivity on volumetric humidity for Histosols developed on wood peat, underlain by sediment peat and mineral peat, was studied using Histosols from the Yakhroma Valley (Moscow Region). The determination was carried out at the stages of dreinage and humidification by the laboratory method of Kondratiev. For the stage of draining, the dependence has a more pronounced dome-shaped form than for the stage of saturation. The highest values of thermal diffusivity were achieved with a volumetric soil water content of 50-55% for Histosols on wood peat and 40-45% for agromineral peat. The approximation of the data was carried out according to the equation of Chang and Horton. As a result of comparing the approximation parameters, it was revealed that they do not significantly differ from each other, which indicates the absence of hysteresis of the thermal diffusivity from humidity for the thermal diffusivity curve, the unambiguous values of which can be used to simulate the temperature regime.
Ultrastructure Aspects Of Acquired Resistance In Plants Under Viral Pathogenesis
Authors: Lega S N , Tikhonova I N , Orobinskaya V N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The reported paper analyzes mechanisms of plant resistance to biotic factors with a focus on virus-induced lesions. Ultrastructure transformations occurring in leaf cells of virus-infected plants are studied. The work provides data on morphological features of cellular organelles in systemic and local viral lesions of virus-hypersensitive plants.
Reproduction methods of Iris Spuria varieties in the forest steppe of the Altai Territory
Authors: Dolganova Z V , Tikhomirova L I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The subgenus of beardless Iris Spuria (SPU) includes 19 species. The entire spectrum of flower colors of Iris Spuria species selected in Russia and abroad is used for gardening in the forest steppe of the Altai Territory. A low vegetative reproduction coefficient of Iris Spuria is reported: 1-4 for three-year-old plants, and 1-6 for four-year-old plants. A suggested production method of Iris Spuria planting material involving the clonal micro-propagation and adaptation in aeroponics conditions is commercially applicable, furthers the growing high quality young plants and simplifies technological stages. Using this cultivation technique, one mature plant may supply 2048 young plants in a year given that a reproduction coefficient is 2.0. The tissue culture reduces labor and financial costs and production areas.
The influence of the sowing coulters type on the seeding quality and the spring wheat yield
Authors: Belyaev V I , Vol’nov V V , Iakovlev D A , Sokolova L V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents data on the influence of the sowing coulters type on the seeding quality and the spring wheat yield in the conditions of the steppe part of Altai Krai. For the grain sowing, seeders are used with the most common types of the sowing coulters such as V-shaped, chisel and disk openers. The wheat was sown after the fallows, the peas and the wheat forecrops. The chisel openers provided the highest sowing quality of wheat seeds. Also the maximum efficiency of the spring wheat cultivation in the extra dry steppe conditions (2012) was achieved by the chisel sowing coulters. In the years with the moderately dry conditions (2006-2011) in the steppe the seeders with the various types of the sowing coulters do not significantly affect the yield structure constituent elements; to a greater extent it depended on the forecrops, the maximal wheat yield was obtained after the fallow.
Combine head mover designing by modern software using
Authors: Pirozhkov D N , Sadov V V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The development of technical solutions without using of modern computer-aided design systems is not possible at the present stage. The using of CAD and CAE systems made possible to reduce costs and save time for development of combine head mover. As a CAD and CAE systems were used KOMPAS-3D and APM WinMachine. As a result of a computational experiment, the minimum weight with the required structural strength and rigidity of the combine head mover design was obtained. Obtained data were the base of combine head mover prototype manufacturing and its successful test.
Modeling Elastic and Dissipative Properties of Feed Grain Subjected to Vibration
Authors: Ya Fedorenko I , Levin A M , Tabaev A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Appropriate parameters of feed grain crushers are to be selected relying on the in-depth knowledge of fragmentation regularities in single grains and clear understanding of their deformation rheology. Mathematically, the vibration deformation is a considerably complex process related with originating and propagating cracks in a grain body. Therefore, mechanical analogues and adequate models are needed. The paper demonstrates a suggested rheological model – a combination of Ishinsky, Hook, and Newton bodies correctly demonstrates mechanical processes taking part in a being deformed grain when crushing. Analytically, the loading and unloading curve of a grain is reduced to an appropriate form of the Davidenkov mathematical model.
Analysis of discriminatory characteristics of a video sensor with an exponential correlation function
Authors: Gerasimov V P , Kovalev V D , Yu Darzhaniya A , Magomedov R A , Sokolova E V , Klimenko O V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents an analysis of the characteristics of the video sensors functioning both in the visible and “thermal” regions of the spectrum. The influence of errors caused by the non-linearity of the discriminatory characteristic (DC) in the idealized model is studied. The article is devoted to the refinement of the model, taking into account the constant exponent parameter and introducing its value into the algorithm implemented by the onboard video sensor.
The Human Brain Is Best Described as Being on a Female/Male Continuum: Evidence from a Neuroimaging Connectivity Study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Luo Qiang , Huang Chu-Chung , Lo Chun-Yi Zac , Langley Christelle , Desrivières Sylvane , Quinlan Erin Burke , Banaschewski Tobias , Millenet Sabina , Bokde Arun L W , Flor Herta , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean-Luc , Artiges Eric , Paillère-Martinot Marie-Laure , Nees Frauke , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Poustka Luise , Fröhner Juliane H , Smolka Michael N , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Tsai Shih-Jen , Lin Ching-Po , Bullmore Ed , Schumann Gunter , Sahakian Barbara J , Feng Jianfeng ,   for the IMAGEN consortium
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Psychological androgyny has long been associated with greater cognitive flexibility, adaptive behavior, and better mental health, but whether a similar concept can be defined using neural features remains unknown. Using the neuroimaging data from 9620 participants, we found that global functional connectivity was stronger in the male brain before middle age but became weaker after that, when compared with the female brain, after systematic testing of potentially confounding effects. We defined a brain gender continuum by estimating the likelihood of an observed functional connectivity matrix to represent a male brain. We found that participants mapped at the center of this continuum had fewer internalizing symptoms compared with those at the 2 extreme ends. These findings suggest a novel hypothesis proposing that there exists a neuroimaging concept of androgyny using the brain gender continuum, which may be associated with better mental health in a similar way to psychological androgyny.
Distribution and Density of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) on Public Lands in Pennsylvania, United States
Authors: Price Keith J , Witmier Bryn J , Eckert Rebecca A , Boyer Christian N , Helwig Matt W , Kyle Andrew D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since the recent introduction of the Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann) in the United States, quantitative surveillance information remains lacking, which hinders accurate estimates of population structure and entomological risk. We conducted statewide, active tick surveillance from May to August 2019 and report data on H. longicornis geographical distribution and population density in Pennsylvania. In total, 615 H. longicornis were collected from four counties. Across samples recovering H. longicornis, mean density of H. longicornis was 9.2/100 m2, comparably greater than Ixodes scapularis Say (8.5/100 m2). Density of H. longicornis was also significantly greater in August, largely driven by larvae, and greater in recreational habitat types (12.6/100 m2) and in Bucks County (11.7/100 m2), situated adjacent to the location of the first U.S. discovery of intense infestations. These data are among the first to document H. longicornis from statewide tick surveillance and provide initial measures of population density enabling more quantitative characterizations of distributional patterns.
Precise method for measuring spatial coherence in TEM beams using Airy diffraction patterns
Authors: Yamasaki Jun , Shimaoka Yuki , Sasaki Hirokazu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have developed a method to precisely measure spatial coherence in electron beams. The method does not require an electron biprism and can be implemented in existing analytical transmission electron microscopes equipped with a post-column energy filter. By fitting the Airy diffraction pattern of the selector aperture, various parameters such as geometric aberrations of the lens system and the point-spread function of the diffraction blurring are precisely determined. From the measurements of various beam diameters, components that are attributed to the partial spatial coherence are successfully separated from the point-spread functions. A linear relationship between the spatial coherence length and beam diameter is revealed, thus indicating that a wide range of coherence lengths can be determined by our proposed method as long as the coherence length remains &gt;80% of the aperture diameter. A remarkable feature of this method is its ability to simultaneously determine diffraction blurring and lens aberrations. Possible applications of this method are also discussed.
Backscattered electron imaging and elemental analysis of rapidly frozen plant cells using variable accelerating voltage
Authors: Kaneko Yasuko , Tokunaga Makoto , Tanaka Kyoko , Atsuzawa Kimie , Nishimura Masako 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rapidly frozen rosemary leaves were observed at variable accelerating voltages in a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope equipped with a cryo transfer system. After water was sublimated from the fractured face of the leaf, distinct backscattered electron (BSE) images were obtained depending on the accelerating voltages applied. At 5 kV, surface cell wall structure was observed, whereas at 10 and 15 kV chloroplasts lining the inside of the cell wall and membrane were visualized. With energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, elemental information corresponding to the BSE images was obtained. Besides visualization of the structures and elemental composition close to the living state, information on layers at different depths from the surface could be detected by varying the accelerating voltage in this system.
Gender Discrimination? Evidence from the Belgian Public Accounting Profession*
Authors: Hardies Kris , Lennox Clive , Li Bing 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTPrior research finds that women receive lower salaries than men. Similarly, we show that female audit partners in Belgium receive significantly lower compensation than male partners. However, there are alternative explanations for the pay gap other than gender discrimination. For example, the gap in compensation could reflect that men are paid more because they have higher levels of productivity. We provide new predictions and tests of gender discrimination by comparing the fees generated by audit partners (a measure of partner productivity) and the types of clients assigned to partners. Consistent with our prediction of female partners having to meet higher performance thresholds than male partners, we show that female partners generate larger fee premiums, but they are less likely to be assigned to prestigious clients. To test whether these patterns are attributable to gender discrimination, we examine whether the results are stronger in male‐dominated offices, because this is where we would expect to find the most discrimination against women. We find the fee premiums generated by female partners are larger in male‐dominated offices, while the negative association between prestigious clients and female partners is stronger in male‐dominated offices. Collectively, our combined predictions and tests are consistent with female partners facing gender discrimination in audit offices that are dominated by male partners.
How old is old for implant therapy in terms of implant survival and marginal bone levels after 5–11 years?
Authors: Etöz Onur , Bertl Kristina , Kukla Edmund , Ulm Christian , Ozmeric Nurdan , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate implant survival and marginal bone levels (MBLevel) at least 5 years after implant installation in patients ≥65 years old.MethodsPatient records were screened retrospectively for the following inclusion criteria: (1) ≥65 years of age at the time of implant installation, and (2) ≥5‐year radiographic follow‐up or registered implant loss. Association between patient‐ and implant‐related data with radiographically assessed data [i.e. implant survival, mean MBLevel (i.e. average of mesial and distal level) and maximum marginal bone loss (i.e. either mesial or distal loss; maximum MBLoss)] were statistically evaluated by mixed effects multi‐level regression models.ResultsTwo‐hundred‐eighteen implants in 74 patients were included with a mean follow‐up of 6.2 years (range: 5 to 10.7 years); four early and six late implant losses have been registered (implant survival rate: 95.4%). Mean MBLevel and maximum MBLoss was 1.24 ± 0.9 mm and 1.48 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. Maximum MBLoss < 2 mm, 2 to 5 mm and ≥5 mm was found in 70.7, 28.8 and 0.5% of the implants, respectively. For both, mean MBLevel and maximum MBLoss, age presented a slightly protective effect (mean MBLevel: Coef. −0.041, p = .016; maximum MBLoss: Coef. −0.045, p = .014).ConclusionThe high implant survival rate (95.4%), low mean MBLevel (1.24 mm) and low frequency of maximum MBLoss ≥ 5 mm (0.5%) observed herein after 5 to 11 years follow‐up suggest that older age should not be considered as a limiting factor for implant treatment.
Nestorone®, a 19nor‐progesterone derivative boosts remyelination in an animal model of demyelination
Authors: El‐Etr Martine , Akwa Yvette , Rame Marion , Schumacher Michael , Sitruk‐Ware Regine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe previously showed that Nestorone® (NES), a synthetic progestin structurally related to progesterone, stimulated remyelination of the corpus callosum in a Cuprizone (CUP) mouse model of demyelination in intact females by promoting replenishment with mature oligodendrocytes (OL) (Glia. 2015;63:104‐117). Here, we further investigated the underlying mechanisms of this promyelinating effect.MethodsWe explored whether NES, applied subcutaneously through Alzet mini‐osmotic pumps, regulates specific transcription factors involved in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and their differentiation into mature OL, using RT‐qPCR and Western Blot analysis.ResultsOur present data show that in comparison to controls, a one‐week treatment with NES, through Alzet mini‐osmotic pumps, enhanced the production of three relevant transcription factor mRNAs encoding Olig2, Myt1, and Sox17. After 3 weeks, NES treatment reversed the effect of CUP on the levels of corresponding Olig2, Myt1, and Sox17 proteins. Moreover, in mice receiving NES + Estradiol (E2) co‐treatment, levels of Olig2, Myt1, and Sox17 proteins did not change as compared to NES alone.ConclusionNES alone or with E2 increased the levels of transcription factors, essential for myelin synthesis.