bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II Arteriovenous Malformations: International Society of Stereotactic Radiosurgery (ISRS) Practice Guideline
Authors: Graffeo Christopher S , Sahgal Arjun , De Salles Antonio , Fariselli Laura , Levivier Marc , Ma Lijun , Paddick Ian , Regis Jean Marie , Sheehan Jason , Suh John , Yomo Shoji , Pollock Bruce E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
No guidelines have been published regarding stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of Spetzler-Martin grade I and II arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

OBJECTIVE
To establish SRS practice guidelines for grade I-II AVMs on the basis of a systematic literature review.

METHODS
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-compliant search of Medline, Embase, and Scopus, 1986-2018, for publications reporting post-SRS outcomes in ≥10 grade I-II AVMs with a follow-up of ≥24 mo. Primary endpoints were obliteration and hemorrhage; secondary outcomes included Spetzler-Martin parameters, dosimetric variables, and “excellent” outcomes (defined as total obliteration without new post-SRS deficit).

RESULTS
Of 447 abstracts screened, 8 were included (n = 1, level 2 evidence; n = 7, level 4 evidence), representing 1102 AVMs, of which 836 (76%) were grade II. Obliteration was achieved in 884 (80%) at a median of 37 mo; 66 hemorrhages (6%) occurred during a median follow-up of 68 mo. Total obliteration without hemorrhage was achieved in 78%. Of 836 grade II AVMs, Spetzler-Martin parameters were reported in 680: 377 were eloquent brain and 178 had deep venous drainage, totaling 555/680 (82%) high-risk SRS-treated grade II AVMs.

CONCLUSION
The literature regarding SRS for grade I-II AVM is low quality, limiting interpretation. Cautiously, we observed that SRS appears to be a safe, effective treatment for grade I-II AVM and may be considered a front-line treatment, particularly for lesions in deep or eloquent locations. Preceding publications may be influenced by selection bias, with favorable AVMs undergoing resection, whereas those at increased risk of complications and nonobliteration are disproportionately referred for SRS.
Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis Colonization in Nursing Facilities
Authors: Davis Elyse , Hicks Liam , Ali Ihsan , Salzman Elizabeth , Wang Joyce , Snitkin Evan , Gibson Kristen , Cassone Marco , Mody Lona , Foxman Betsy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis frequently colonize nursing facility (NF) residents, creating opportunities for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) transmission and dissemination of mobile genetic elements conferring antimicrobial resistance. Most VRE studies do not speciate; our study addresses this lack and compares the epidemiology of E faecium and E faecalis.

Methods
We enrolled 651 newly admitted patients from 6 different NFs and collected swabs from several body sites at enrollment, 14 days, 30 days, and monthly thereafter for up to 6 months. The VRE were speciated using a duplex polymerase chain reaction. We used multinomial logistic regression models to compare risk factors associated with colonization of E faecium and E faecalis.

Results
Overall, 40.7% were colonized with E faecium, E faecalis, or both. At enrollment, more participants were colonized with E faecium (17.8%) than E faecalis (8.4%); 3.2% carried both species. Enterococcus faecium was carried twice as long as E faecalis (69 days and 32 days, respectively), but incidence rates were similar (E faecium, 3.9/1000 person-days vs E faecalis, 4.1/1000 person-days). Length of stay did not differ by species among incident cases. Residents who used antibiotics within the past 30 days had a greater incidence of both E faecium (odds ratio [OR] = 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82–4.60) and E faecalis (OR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.16–2.80); device use was most strongly associated with the incidence of E faecium colonization (OR = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.15–3.50).

Conclusions
Recent increases in vancomycin-resistant E faecium prevalence may reflect increased device use and longer duration of carriage.
Current guidelines for MRI safety in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices
Authors: Soto Desiree M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract:
Historically, MRI was contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices because the devices' metallic components made this imaging study unsafe. Advances over the last decade have now made MRI safe for many of these patients. This article examines the risks of MRI technology for this patient population and reviews recent guidelines from the Heart Rhythm Society.
Promotion of Regular Oesophageal Motility to Prevent Regurgitation and Enhance Nutrition Intake in Long-Stay ICU Patients. A Multicenter, Phase II, Sham-Controlled, Randomized Trial: The PROPEL Study
Authors: Heyland Daren K. , Marquis Francois , Lamontagne Francois , Albert Martin , Turgeon Alexis F. , Khwaja Kosar A. , Garland Allan , Hall Richard , Chapman Martin G. , Kutsiogannis Demetrios J. , Martin Claudio , Sessler Daniel I. , Day Andrew G. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of esophageal stimulation on nutritional adequacy in critically ill patients at risk for enteral feeding intolerance.

Design:
A multicenter randomized sham-controlled clinical trial.

Setting:
Twelve ICUs in Canada.

Patients:
We included mechanically ventilated ICU patients who were given moderate-to-high doses of opioids and expected to remain alive and ventilated for an additional 48 hours and who were receiving enteral nutrition or expected to start imminently.

Interventions:
Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to esophageal stimulation via an esophageal stimulating catheter (E-Motion Tube; E-Motion Medical, Tel Aviv, Israel) or sham treatment. All patients were fed via these catheters using a standardized feeding protocol.

Measurements and Main Results:
The co-primary outcomes were proportion of caloric and protein prescription received enterally over the initial 7 days following randomization. Among 159 patients randomized, the modified intention-to-treat analysis included 155 patients: 73 patients in the active treatment group and 82 in the sham treatment group. Over the 7-day study period, the percent of prescribed caloric intake (± se) received by the enteral route was 64% ± 2 in the active group and 65% ± 2 in sham patients for calories (difference, –1; 95% CI, –8 to 6; p = 0.74). For protein, it was 57% ± 3 in the active group and 60% ± 3 in the sham group (difference, –3; 95% CI, –10 to 3; p = 0.30). Compared to the sham group, there were more serious adverse events reported in the active treatment group (13 vs 6; p = 0.053). Clinically important arrhythmias were detected by Holter monitoring in 36 out of 70 (51%) in the active group versus 22 out of 76 (29%) in the sham group (p = 0.006).

Conclusions:
Esophageal stimulation via a special feeding catheter did not improve nutritional adequacy and was associated with increase risk of harm in critically ill patients.
In vivo longitudinal and multimodal imaging of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and angiogenesis in breast cancer
Authors: Tang He-Wen , Feng Hai-Liang , Wang Ming , Zhu Qing-Li , Liu Yu-Qin , Jiang Yu-Xin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Angiogenesis and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) play major roles in solid tumors. This study aimed to establish a longitudinal and multimodal imaging model for in vivo evaluation of HIF1α and angiogenesis in breast cancer.

Methods
By transfection of a 5 hypoxia-responsive element (HRE)/green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid, the cell line Ca761-hre-gfp was established, which emitted green fluorescence triggered by HIF-1α under hypoxia. The cells were subjected to CoCl2-simulated hypoxia to confirm the imaging strategy. We grew Ca761-hre-gfp cells in the left rear flanks of twelve 615 mice. Experiments were conducted on days 4, 9, 15, and 19. For in vivo analysis, Ca761-hre-gfp subcutaneous allografted tumors were imaged in vivo using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and fluorescence imaging (FLI) during tumor development. The tumor size, CEUS peak intensity, and FLI photons were measured to evaluate tumor growth, angiogenesis, and HIF-1α activity, respectively. After each experiment, three mice were randomly sacrificed and tumor specimens were collected to examine HIF-1α activity and the microvessel density (MVD).

Results

In vitro, both green fluorescence and HIF-1α expression were detected in Ca761-hre-gfp cells treated with CoCl2, indicating the suitability of the cells to detect HIF-1α activity. In vivo, HIF-1α activity first increased and then decreased, which was significantly correlated with angiogenic changes (r = 0.803, P = 0.005). These changes were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of HIF-1α and MVD.

Conclusions
The findings validated the Ca761-hre-gfp murine allograft model for reliable evaluation of HIF-1α activity and angiogenesis longitudinally using both molecular and pre-clinical non-invasive imaging modalities. The cell line may be useful for studies of anti-HIF pathway therapies.
Emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Authors: Wang Fei-Yan , Gu Zhen-Yang , Gao Chun-Ji 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been discovered and are increasingly recognized as vital components of modern molecular biology. Accumulating evidence shows that lncRNAs have emerged as important mediators in diverse biological processes such as cell differentiation, pluripotency, and tumorigenesis, while the function of lncRNAs in the field of normal and malignant hematopoiesis remains to be further elucidated. Here, we widely reviewed recent advances and summarize the characteristics and basic mechanisms of lncRNAs and keep abreast of developments of lncRNAs within the field of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Based on gene regulatory networks at different levels of lncRNAs participation, lncRNAs have been shown to regulate gene expression from epigenetics, transcription and post transcription. The expression of lncRNAs is highly cell-specific and critical for the development and activation of hematopoiesis. Moreover, we also summarized the role of lncRNAs involved in hematological malignancies in recent years. LncRNAs have been found to play an emerging role in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, which may provide novel ideas for the diagnosis and therapeutic targets of hematological diseases in the foreseeable future.
Oxygen reserve index, a new method of monitoring oxygenation status: what do we need to know?
Authors: Chen Shu-Ting , Min Su 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe oxygen reserve index (ORI) is a new technology that provides real-time, non-invasive, and continuous monitoring of patients’ oxygenation status. This review aimed to discuss its clinical utility, prospect and limitations. A systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect was performed with the keywords of “oxygen reserve index,” “ORI,” “oxygenation,” “pulse oximetry,” “monitoring,” and “hyperoxia.” Original articles, reviews, case reports, and other relevant articles were reviewed. All articles on ORI were selected. ORI can provide an early warning before saturation begins to decrease and expands the ability to monitor the human body's oxygenation status noninvasively and continuously with the combination of pulse oximetry so as to avoid unnecessary hyperoxia or unanticipated hypoxia. Although the technology is so new that it is rarely known and has not been applied to routine practices in hospitals, it shows good prospects for critical care, oxygen therapy, and intraoperative monitoring.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway contributes to baicalein-mediated inhibition of dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in mice
Authors: Yao Jing , Liu Tao , Chen Rui-Jiao , Liang Jing , Li Jun , Wang Chuan-Gong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
Baicalein has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effect on colitis remain unclear.

Methods:
A dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced model of acute colitis was established in BALB/c mice (6–8 weeks old, weighing 18–22 g). Six groups of mice received: (1) water for 10 days (control), n = 6; (2) DSS 4% solution in the drinking water for 7 days, followed by normal water for 3 days, n = 7; (3), (4), and (5) as for group 2 plus baicalein (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) administered once daily starting on day 1, n = 6; and (6) as for (2) plus 5-aminosalicylic acid (50 mg/kg) administered once daily starting on day 1, n = 6. Body weights, stool consistency, and hematochezia were recorded, and the severity of colitis was evaluated using a disease activity index. On day 11, the mice were euthanized, and organs and blood were collected for analysis. Serum inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CD11b-positive cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy; expression of retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) was detected by immunohistochemistry; and expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), SPHK1, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), total STAT3, and p-STAT3 were detected by western blotting analysis. Inter-group differences were compared using Student's t test.

Results:
Baicalein treatment dose-dependently reduced DSS-induced weight loss (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), splenomegaly (P < 0.01), and colonic damage, as reflected by amelioration of diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and colonic ulceration, congestion, edema (shown as colon length, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and inflammatory cell infiltration. Baicalein also significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators in the serum (P < 0.01) and colon, and significantly inhibited expression of NOD2 SPHK1, S1PR1, and p-STAT3 in the colon (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Baicalein treatment ameliorated colitis in mice by inhibiting S1P-STAT3 signaling, suggesting that this flavonoid might be beneficial in the treatment of colitis.
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tang Zhen-Chu , Chu Yi , Tan Yu-Yong , Li Jing , Gao Shan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are two common diseases worldwidely which are both derived from different components of pancreas. The pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1) is an essential transcription factor for the early development of pancreas that is required for the differentiation of all pancreatic cell lineages. Current evidence suggests an important role of PDX1 in both the origin and progression of pancreatic diseases. In this review, we discussed recent studies of PDX1 in diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer, and the therapeutic strategies derived from this transcription factor.
Entering Cardiac Rehabilitation With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Nguyen Cindy H. , Marzolini Susan , Oh Paul , Thomas Scott G. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
Supervised exercise is recommended for patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Both conditions share common etiology as atherosclerotic diseases. The clinical profile, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise prescriptions of PAD, CAD, and patients with concomitant PAD and CAD (BOTH) have yet to be compared upon entry into cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods:
Cardiopulmonary, demographic, and anthropometric assessments were conducted at entry to CR between January 2006 and December 2017.

Results:
Among 9701 consecutively enrolled patients, there were 94.6% with CAD (n = 9179), 1.5% with PAD (n = 143), and 3.9% with BOTH (n = 379). Only 5.4% (n = 522) of all patients entering CR had a diagnosis of PAD. Compared with CAD, patients with PAD and BOTH were older (mean ± SD = 62.5 ± 11.1 vs 67.9 ± 11.4 and 69.2 ± 9.8 yr, P < .01), had higher resting systolic blood pressure (124 ± 17 vs 130 ± 17 and 133 ± 18 mm Hg, P < .01), had lower cardiorespiratory fitness (19.7 ± 6.3 vs 15.6 ± 4.8 and 15 ± 4.5 mL/kg/min, P < .01), and were more likely to have diabetes (25% vs 35% and 41%, P < .01), abdominal obesity (39% vs 54% and 51%, P < .01), and initially prescribed lower-intensity exercise (84.4 ± 14.1 vs 74.1 ± 15.7 and 70.0 ± 14.6 m/min exercise pace, P < .01), reflecting the complex nature of patients diagnosed with PAD.

Conclusions:
Patients referred with PAD have a cardiovascular risk profile that places them at a greater risk for a repeat or first cardiac event compared with patients with CAD. Referral to structured exercise and risk factor modification programs should be considered to aid in the management of PAD.
Circumferential canal surgery: a brief history
Authors: Dickerson Jaime E. , Brown Reay H. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
Most microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) procedures bypass outflow resistance residing proximally in the trabecular meshwork and inner wall of Schlemm's canal. A novel procedure combining trabeculotomy with viscodilation adds to this by also addressing distal resistance of the canal and collector channel ostia. This review examines the development and evidence for both trabeculotomy and canaloplasty separately and the combination in a single procedure.

Recent findings
Recent aqueous angiography studies have confirmed the segmental nature of outflow through Schlemm's canal highlighting the need to address distal outflow pathway resistance. Combined trabeculotomy and viscodilation ab interno is a novel approach with a new purpose-designed device (OMNI Surgical System) becoming available to surgeons in early 2018. Recent results as both a standalone and combined with cataract procedure demonstrate significant intraocular pressure reductions with an average 41% reduction from baseline in the pseudophakic group.

Summary
Targeting both distal as well as proximal points of outflow resistance in the conventional pathway may prove to be a highly efficacious MIGS modality. Additional large prospective studies are currently ongoing to confirm these preliminary results.
Experiences and Management of Incidents That Influence Sleep in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Insomnia
Authors: Öberg Sandra , Johansson Linda , Sandberg Jonas , Johansson Peter , Broström Anders 
Published: January 2020

Background
Insomnia is a global problem and an important risk factor for patients living with cardiovascular disease (CVD), causing poor well-being and worsening disease prognosis. Yet, there is a lack of effective intervention strategies targeting sleep problems. To deliver patient-centered interventions and achieve good quality of sleep for this group, the own experiences of patients with CVD need to be understood.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe experiences that influence the sleep situation and management of sleep problems among patients with CVD and insomnia.

Method
A qualitative descriptive design with critical incident technique methodology was used. Twenty patients (13 men and 7 women; mean age, 73 years; range, 47–83 years) with single or multiple verified CVD diagnoses and insomnia were included.

Results
Four underlying categories of sleep disruptors were identified: cognitive, social, physical, and behavioral. Participants experienced distress from the heart condition at night, physically and cognitively, with high levels of concern about its consequences for themselves and their families. Participants' sleep management preferences and responses included cognitive, behavioral, and pharmacological management strategies. Participants preferred their own nonpharmacological insomnia management over professional advice.

Conclusion
Patients with CVD and insomnia experienced both physical and cognitive distress from their heart condition and chose to adopt nonpharmacological insomnia management. Tailored professional support is needed to change precipitating behavioral factors to be able to treat insomnia, improve sleep, reduce symptom burden, and enhance quality of life.
A Comparison of Diet Quality of Patients With Heart Failure and Their Family Caregivers
Authors: Chung Misook L. , Lee Suk Jeong , Moser Debra K. , Kang JungHee , Lennie Terry A. 
Published: January 2020

Background
Patients with heart failure (HF) and their family caregivers usually consume similar diets, but there is a lack of evidence about diet quality of patients with HF and their family caregivers.

Objective
The specific aim of this study was to compare diet quality of patients with HF with that of their family caregivers.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 40 patients with HF and their 40 family caregivers completed a VioScreen Food Frequency Questionnaire from which Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI) diet quality scores (consisting of the total HEI score and 12 component scores) were calculated.

Results
None of the 40 patient-caregiver dyads had a high diet quality score (ie, total HEI > 80), whereas 21% of participants had poor diet scores (ie, total HEI ≤ 50). There were no differences in total HEI scores (58.5 vs 59.4, P = .58) or the 12 component scores of the HEI within dyad members. Mean scores of 6 of the 12 components (ie, total fruit, greens and beans, total protein foods, seafood and plant proteins, fatty acids, empty calories) for both members of the HF dyad were lower than the national average. Interestingly, scores for the sodium component were similarly low in patients and caregivers (4.1 vs 3.4, P = .24), indicating high sodium intake.

Conclusion
Both patients and caregivers consume poor-quality diets that are high in sodium. These findings suggest that nutrition interventions to improve diet quality for patients with HF need to be targeted at the family as a unit.
Clusters of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Impact on the 20-Year Cardiovascular Risk in a General Population
Authors: Palazón-Bru Antonio , Ferri-Rufete David , Mares-García Emma , Durazo-Arvizu Ramón Ángel , Divisón-Garrote Juan Antonio , Carbayo-Herencia Julio Antonio , Artigao-Rodenas Luis Miguel , Simarro-Rueda Marta , Molina-Escribano Francisca , Ponce-García Isabel , Gil-Guillén Vicente Francisco , Pérez-Sempere Ángel 
Published: January 2020

Background
Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is extraordinarily common and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the particular impact of the sum of CVRFs on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has not been sufficiently explored in Europe.

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in survival-free probability of CVD in relation to the number of CVRFs in a Spanish population.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted from 1992 to 2016 in a Spanish population that included 1144 subjects with no history of CVD (mean age, 46.7 years) drawn from the general population. We calculated the number of CVRFs for each subject (male sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and left ventricular hypertrophy). Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality records were collected, and survival analysis was applied (competing risk models).

Results
There were 196 cardiovascular events (17.1%). The differences in total survival-free probability of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of the different values of the sum of CVRFs were significant, increasing the risk of CVD (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.50) per each additional risk factor.

Conclusion
Differences in survival-free probability of CVD in relation to the number of CVRFs present were statistically significant. Further studies are needed to corroborate our results.