bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical approaches to minimize iatrogenic weight gain in children and adolescents
Authors: Sweeney Brooke , Kelly Aaron S. , San Giovanni Christine B. , Kelsey Megan M. , Skelton Joseph A. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryClinical providers may underestimate the role of management of diseases that can occur with obesity, termed co‐morbid conditions, distinct from disease that arise as a result of obesity, co‐morbidities. Many of these conditions are associated with iatrogenic weight gain, and can interfere with weight loss outcomes in children and adolescents with obesity. Management of co‐morbid conditions, and thoughtful selection of medications associated with weight neutrality or weight loss may increase the effectiveness of obesity treatment strategies. The aim of this commentary is to summarize the literature and discuss considerations for obesity treatment in the context of the more complicated patient, which often requires strategic management of co‐morbid conditions and minimizing iatrogenic weight gain.
Internet of Things assisted radio frequency identification based mine safety management platform
Authors: Xie Xionghui , Lin Rongping , Yu Bo , Wen Wenfu , Gu Fahui , Sivaparthipan C.B. , Vadivel Thanjai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe production of any mine depends heavily on the secure relation between human and mining equipment. Protecting and optimizing the use of these tools and workers from potential accidents by real‐time monitoring and control will greatly improve mine safety and productivity. As an emerging technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) and radio frequency identification (RFID) provides a new strategy for underground production of mine security and safety. The main technologies of the Internet of Things are introduced in line with the required of mine safety production. The innovation used in this process is RFID technology, sensor technology for the conceiving of things, intelligent technology for thinking about things, and inherent security technology. In this article, the adaptive heuristic mathematical model based on IoT and RFID real‐time monitoring systems has been proposed for the production of mine safety and analysis. This system allows for real‐time tracking, detecting suspicious incidents, and verification of the position of a miner within the harsh underground mining environment. The major involvement of this research is the cost‐efficient framework to efficiently promote the protection of underground coalmines. This system helps solve serviceability, accessibility, flexibility, and interoperability problems in coal mines.
Orale Propranolol‐ und Neodym:YAG‐Farbstofflaser‐Kombinationstherapie infantiler Hämangiome: eine retrospektive Analyse von 30 Kindern mit 48 Hämangiomen
Authors: Hartmann Franziska , Lockmann Anike , Himpel Okko , Kühnle Ingrid , Hensen Janina , Schön Michael P. , Thoms Kai‐Martin 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleInfantile Hämangiome können sowohl durch systemische Propranolol‐ als auch durch Neodym:YAG‐Farbstofflaser‐Kombinationstherapie erfolgreich behandelt werden. In dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der sequenziellen und parallelen Therapie komplizierter Hämangiome, die mit beiden Verfahren behandelt wurden, evaluiert.Patienten und Methoden30 Kinder mit 48 komplizierten Hämangiomen wurden mit Propranolol‐ und Neodym: YAG‐Farbstofflaser‐Kombinationstherapie behandelt. Im Fotovergleich wurde die prozentuale Remissionsrate durch drei Untersucher anhand einer vierstufigen Skala bewertet (I: 0–25 %, II: 26–50 %, III: 51–75 % und IV: 76–100 %).ErgebnisseElf Kinder erhielten parallel Propranolol‐ und Lasertherapie (A), zwölf Kinder wurden nach Propranolol lasertherapiert (B) und sieben Kinder erhielten nach Lasertherapie Propranolol (C). Ein Kind konnte aufgrund einer Auswanderung ins Ausland nicht abschließend ausgewertet werden. Eine starke Verbesserung (IV) wurde bei 23/29 (79,3 %) aller behandelten Kinder festgestellt (A: 90,9 %, B 75 %, C 66,7 %). Die mittlere Dauer der Propranolol‐Therapie bei allen Kindern betrug 8,6 Monate (A: 8,9 Monate, B: 8,2 Monate, C: 8,9 Monate). Im Mittel erfolgten 2,33 Laserbehandlungen pro Hämangiom (A: 1,95, B: 3,2, C: 1,91). Schwerwiegende Nebenwirkungen durch die Propranolol‐ und Lasertherapie wurden nicht beobachtet.SchlussfolgerungenPropranolol‐ und Neodym: YAG‐Farbstofflaser‐Kombinationstherapie können sequenziell oder parallel sicher und effektiv eingesetzt werden und sich sinnvoll ergänzen.
Dermatoskopische Merkmale pigmentierter intraepidermaler Karzinome an Kopf und Hals
Authors: Inskip Michael , Cameron Alan , Akay Bengu Nisa , Gorji Mahdieh , Clark Simon P. , Rosendahl Nikita , Coetzer‐Botha Martelle , Kittler Harald , Rosendahl Cliff 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielPigmentierte intraepidermale Karzinome sind dermatoskopisch durch Punkte und strukturlose Bereiche sowie durch linear angeordnete Punkte und Knäuelgefäße gekennzeichnet. Es gibt keine Studien zu den dermatoskopischen Merkmalen pigmentierter intraepidermaler Karzinome an Kopf und Hals. Unser Ziel ist die Beschreibung des klinischen und dermatoskopischen Erscheinungsbildes dieser Entität.Patienten und MethodikWir analysierten retrospektiv 79 Fälle pigmentierter intraepidermaler Karzinome an Kopf und Hals.ErgebnisseDermatoskopisch waren pigmentierte intraepidermale Karzinome an Kopf und Hals durch mehrere Farben (98,7 %, n = 78), pigmentierte Kreise (48,1 %, n = 38), weiße Kreise (17,7 %, n = 14), abgewinkelte Linien (41,8 %, n = 33) und strukturlose Bereiche (86,1 %, n = 68) gekennzeichnet. Linear angeordnete Punkte traten in 13,9 % (n = 11) der Fälle auf, Knäuelgefäße in 7,6 % (n = 6) der Fälle; der dominierende Gefäßtyp waren prominente geschlängelte Gefäße (29,2 %, n = 23), die dicker und/oder rötlicher in der Farbgebung als die umliegenden Gefäße waren und meistens in der winkligen Anordnung des dermalen Plexus (24,1 %, n = 19) lagen.SchlussfolgerungenPigmentierte intraepidermale Karzinome an Kopf und Hals unterscheiden sich von bisher publizierten Beschreibungen pigmentierter intraepidermaler Karzinome. Dieser Unterschied ist statistisch signifikant mit geringerer Inzidenz von Knäuelgefäßen und höherer Inzidenz pigmentierter Kreise. Es gibt offensichtliche Ähnlichkeiten zu pigmentierten aktinischen Keratosen in dieser Lokalisation.
Optische Kohärenztomographie für die schnelle Bildgebung, Beurteilung und Überwachung entzündlicher Autoimmunerkrankungen der Haut am Krankenbett?
Authors: Ha Linh , Hundt Jennifer E. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie optische Kohärenztomographie (OCT) ist ein nichtinvasives, hochauflösendes Bildgebungsverfahren, das in der Dermatologie zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. Das Prinzip der OCT ist mit dem der Sonographie vergleichbar, bei dem statt Ultraschallwellen allerdings Infrarotlaserstrahlung verwendet wird. Klinisch eignet sich die OCT nachweislich zur Unterscheidung verschiedener nichtmelanozytärer Hautkrebsarten in einem frühen Erkrankungsstadium. Bei der optischen Kohärenztomographie werden zwei‐ oder dreidimensionale Bilder mit einer Eindringtiefe von bis zu 2 mm, einem Sichtfeld von 6 mm x 6 mm und einer Erfassungszeit von wenigen Sekunden erstellt. Das Auflösungsvermögen der OCT ist mehr als drei‐ bis hundertmal höher als bei der Sonographie. Es ist von besonderem Interesse, dass die OCT zusätzliche Informationen über das Gefäßsystem liefert und dadurch die Beurteilung und Überwachung entzündlicher Hauterkrankungen ermöglicht. Bei der Diagnose blasenbildender Autoimmunerkrankungen kann mittels OCT die exakte Blasenebene lokalisiert werden. Man nimmt an, dass ein Nachweis subklinischer Läsionen auf ein Rezidiv der Erkrankung hindeuten könnte. Dies könnte zukünftig die frühzeitige Intervention und Therapie erleichtern. Darüber hinaus könnte die Entwicklung von Hochgeschwindigkeits‐OCTs schnelle Scans und eine Bildgebung großer Bereiche des Körpers am Krankenbett ermöglichen.
Changes in Nkx2.1, Sox2, Bmp4, and Bmp16 expression underlying the lung‐to‐gas bladder evolutionary transition in ray‐finned fishes
Authors: Funk Emily C. , Breen Catriona , Sanketi Bhargav D. , Kurpios Natasza , McCune Amy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe key to understanding the evolutionary origin and modification of phenotypic traits is revealing the responsible underlying developmental genetic mechanisms. An important organismal trait of ray‐finned fishes is the gas bladder, an air‐filled organ that, in most fishes, functions for buoyancy control, and is homologous to the lungs of lobe‐finned fishes. The critical morphological difference between lungs and gas bladders, which otherwise share many characteristics, is the general direction of budding during development. Lungs bud ventrally and the gas bladder buds dorsally from the anterior foregut. We investigated the genetic underpinnings of this ventral‐to‐dorsal shift in budding direction by studying the expression patterns of known lung genes (Nkx2.1, Sox2, and Bmp4) during the development of lungs or gas bladder in three fishes: bichir, bowfin, and zebrafish. Nkx2.1 and Sox2 show reciprocal dorsoventral expression patterns during tetrapod lung development and are important regulators of lung budding; their expression during bichir lung development is conserved. Surprisingly, we find during gas bladder development, Nkx2.1 and Sox2 expression are inconsistent with the hypothesis that they regulate the direction of gas bladder budding. Bmp4 is expressed ventrally during lung development in bichir, akin to the pattern during mouse lung development. During gas bladder development, Bmp4 is not expressed. However, Bmp16, a paralogue of Bmp4, is expressed dorsally in the developing gas bladder of bowfin. Bmp16 is present in the known genomes of Actinopteri (ray‐finned fishes excluding bichir) but absent from mammalian genomes. We hypothesize that Bmp16 was recruited to regulate gas bladder development in the Actinopteri in place of Bmp4.
Sibilant consonants classification comparison with multi‐ and single‐class neural networks
Authors: Anjos Ivo , Cavalheiro Marques Nuno , Grilo Margarida , Guimarães Isabel , Magalhães João , Cavaco Sofia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany children with speech sound disorders cannot pronounce the sibilant consonants correctly. We have developed a serious game, which is controlled by the children's voices in real time, with the purpose of helping children on practicing the production of European Portuguese (EP) sibilant consonants. For this, the game uses a sibilant consonant classifier. Since the game does not require any type of adult supervision, children can practice producing these sounds more often, which may lead to faster improvements of their speech. Recently, the use of deep neural networks has given considerable improvements in the classification of a variety of use cases, from image classification to speech and language processing. Here, we propose to use deep convolutional neural networks to classify sibilant phonemes of EP in our serious game for speech and language therapy. We compared the performance of several different artificial neural networks that used Mel frequency cepstral coefficients or log Mel filterbanks. Our best deep learning model achieves classification scores of 95.48% using a 2D convolutional model with log Mel filterbanks as input features. Such results are then further improved for specific classes with simple binary classifiers.
NetHALOC: A learned global image descriptor for loop closing in underwater visual SLAM
Authors: Bonin‐Font Francisco , Burguera Burguera Antoni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article presents the experimental assessment of a hash‐based loop closure detection methodology for visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), addressed to underwater autonomous vehicles. This methodology uses a new global image descriptor called net hash‐based loop closure (NetHALOC), which is learned with a simple and fast convolutional neural network. The results using NetHALOC have been compared with the results using three different top‐quality state‐of‐the‐art global image descriptors: Net vector of locally aggregated descriptors, hash‐based loop closure and deep loop closure. The transformation from images to hashes implies a considerable reduction of data to be processed, shared, compared and transmitted in global navigation, localization or mapping tasks. Complete tests with an extensive set of real underwater imagery were done to compare the performance of the defined loop closure detection approach using the aforementioned four hashing techniques, in order to conclude which of them is the more adequate for visual SLAM applications under the sea.
Petroleum NAPL Depletion Estimates and Selection of Marker Constituents from Compositional Analysis
Authors: DeVaull George E. , Rhodes Ileana A. L. , Hinojosa Emiliano , Bruce Cristin L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpills and releases of hydrocarbons may result in zones of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) within soils and groundwater. The NAPL will change, or “weather” over time due to a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Hydrocarbon constituents in environmental samples collected from NAPL‐impacted groundwater wells, sediments, or soils vary in composition over time due to weathering. The changing composition can be used to estimate mass depletion rates and trends for the bulk NAPL and for individual constituent chemicals relative to marker constituents which are less susceptible to weathering. Methods for the selection of marker constituents and for quantitatively and conservatively estimating NAPL depletion rates and trends over time are shown. Estimates are included for two sites with different NAPL mixtures present (crude oil and gasoline/diesel‐range product), for which depletion of half the initial total NAPL is estimated at 13.6 ± 2.9 years and 7.3 ± 1.8 years respectively, and with no active NAPL remediation at either site. Similar methods for oil or NAPL depletion estimates have often relied on a prior‐identified suite of presumed‐conserved marker constituents. The method presented here includes steps which identify the best set of analyzed candidate marker constituents in a NAPL mixture. This can confirm prior‐selected markers but is particularly useful for NAPL mixtures in which no prior‐identified marker constituents are present.
Clinical influence of calcium hydroxide and N‐acetylcysteine on the levels of resolvins E1 and D2 in apical periodontitis
Authors: Corazza B. J. M. , Martinho F. C. , Khoury R. D. , Toia C. C. , Orozco E. I. F. , Prado R. F. , Machado F. P. , Valera M. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the presence of resolvins E1 (RvE1) and D2 (RvD2) in teeth with primary endodontic infections and apical periodontitis, and to assess the influence of calcium hydroxide medication [Ca(OH)2], in association with 2% chlorhexidine gel (2% CHX gel), and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) on the levels of RvE1 and RvD2 in periapical tissues.MethodologyThirty‐six single‐rooted teeth with primary endodontic infections and apical periodontitis were selected and randomly divided into three groups according to the medication: [Ca(OH)2] + saline solution (SSL) [Ca(OH)2 + SSL group] (n = 12), Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gel [Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel group] (n = 12) and NAC [NAC group] (n = 12). Samples were collected from the periapical interstitial fluid at two different sampling times: before (S1) and after 14 days of intracanal medications (S2). Resolvins were measured using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analysed using paired t‐test, Wilcoxon test and Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s post hoc test; all statistical tests were performed at a significance level of 5%.ResultsRvE1 and RvD2 were detected in 100% of the samples (36/36) at S1 and S2. Ca(OH)2 medication did not increase the levels of RvE1 or RvD2 (both P > 0.05); however, NAC significantly increased the levels of RvE1 and RvD2 after 14 days of treatment (P < 0.05).ConclusionsRvE1 and RvD2 were detected in periapical tissues from teeth with root canal infections. Moreover, calcium hydroxide medication did not increase the levels of resolvins in apical periodontitis. In contrast, the use of NAC intracanal medication significantly increased the levels of RvE1 and RvD2 after 14 days of treatment.
Review on potential non‐dairy synbiotic beverages: a preliminary approach using legumes
Authors: Chaturvedi Smriti , Chakraborty Snehasis 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn the past few years, certain functional foods have gained consumer acceptance like those containing synbiotics (a blend of both prebiotics and probiotics) in different food systems. Synbiotics enhance gut functionality and confer health benefits to humans. However, due to the limitations exerted by dairy‐based matrices like lactose intolerance, milk allergies, limited shelf life and inclination towards veganism, consumer’s interest in non‐dairy foods has increased. Among the non‐dairy matrices, legumes (such as chickpeas, kidney beans, lupin) are the less explored areas with the majority focus on only soya beans. The present review gives brief information about the different research associating with various legume‐based probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotic foods narrowing down specifically to beverages. The integration of such information will allow the researchers to explore product development using new prebiotic ingredients that have not been studied in much detail and hold an exceptional potential to be employed in the synbiotic food industry.
The HemoScreen hematology point‐of‐care device is suitable for rapid evaluation of acute leukemia patients
Authors: Kristian Kur Dår , Thøgersen Danny , Kjeldsen Lars , Friis‐Hansen Lennart 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHematological patients, receiving intensive chemotherapy (predominantly acute leukemia patients), have repeated postchemotherapy periods with severe bone marrow suppression. As a result, these patients require regular monitoring of the complete blood counts (CBC) for optimal patient care. To reduce the strain on the patient, there is a need for a point‐of‐care (POC) hematology device that provides rapid and reliable results both in general and in cytopenic samples and is suitable for outpatient clinics. We evaluated the HemoScreen device for the most used CBC parameter both overall and at the lower range.MethodsThe HemoScreen was compared with the Sysmex XN‐9000 in 206 routine venous samples and 79 capillary bedside samples focusing on white blood cells (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), red blood cells (RBC), PLT and HGB.ResultsThe HemoScreen was less precise compared to the acceptance criteria set for larger and more advanced hematology instrument with a CV% 3.0‐3.7 for WBCs, 3.6‐8.4 for ANCs, 1.1‐1.5 for RBCs, 2.5‐4.4 for PLTs, and 1.7‐2.3 for HGB. Correlation coefficient for all five parameters for the entire range was r >.95 and r >.90 at lower range for venous and capillary samples. Bias limits were within the CTCAE acceptance limits.ConclusionsThe HemoScreen provides rapid and accurate test results, for evaluation of WBC, PLT, and HGB, as well as at low concentrations for guiding transfusions and postchemotherapy treatment. The device is easy to operate and can measure both venous and capillary samples. Therefore, the HemoScreen is well suited for smaller outpatient clinics and potentially home use.
Onward migration of Latin American families: negotiating citizenship and mobility in times of crisis
Authors: McCarthy Helen N. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransnational families have long used migration as a strategy for upward social mobility. However, migration projects are increasingly complex and often do not involve a single move from one country to another. Drawing on qualitative interviews, this paper explores how Latin American families negotiate different stages of their migration from Latin America to Spain to the UK. The paper demonstrates how families negotiate within the opportunity structures afforded to them to achieve physical and social mobility. These opportunities are structured by different legal regimes and the way that immigration, citizenship and labour market policies are implemented. The initial migration from Latin America to Spain had enabled Latin American families to gain economic stability and EU citizenship, but at the cost of a period of family separation. However, faced with the financial crisis, some families opted for onward migration to the UK, a process that resulted in families becoming “re‐transnationalised.”
Frailty status, timely goals of care documentation and clinical outcomes in older hospitalised medical patients
Authors: Subramaniam Ashwin , Tiruvoipati Ravindranath , Green Cameron , Srikanth Velandai , Soh Lionel , Yeoh Aun Chian , Hussain Faisal , Bailey Michael , Pilcher David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHospitalised frail older patients are at risk of clinical deterioration. Early goals of care (GOC) documentation is vital to avoid futile/unwarranted interventions in the event of deterioration.AimsTo investigate the impact of frailty on timely GOC and its association with clinical outcomes in hospitalised older patients.MethodsThis was a single‐centre retrospective study of all medical patients aged ≥80 years admitted to the acute medical unit between 1/3/2015 and 31/8/2015, with GOC derived from electronic records. Frailty was measured using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) derived from hospital coding data. Primary outcome compared proportions of timely GOC within 72‐h between frail (HFRS ≥ 5) and non‐frail (HFRS < 5) patients. Exploratory secondary outcomes included in‐hospital mortality, rapid response calls (RRC), prolonged length of stay (LOS) and 28‐day readmission rates.ResultsOf the 1118 admitted patients, 529 (47.3%) were frail. Timely GOC occurred in 50% (559/1118), more commonly in frail patients (283/529, 53.5%) than non‐frail patients (276/589, 46.9%), P = 0.027. Frailty was positively associated with timely GOC independent of age and gender (odds ratio = 1.28; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–163; P = 0.041). In univariable analyses, timely GOC was associated with greater in‐hospital mortality, RRC, and hospital LOS in both frail and non‐frail patients (all P < 0.05) and greater 28‐day readmissions only among frail patients (P = 0.028). Multivariable regression demonstrated that timely GOC was associated only with in‐hospital mortality in both frail and non‐frail patients, independent of age and gender.ConclusionOlder frail hospitalised patients were more likely to have timely GOC than older non‐frail patients. Timely GOC in such patients may avoid burdensome treatments.
Global nursing leadership: alive and kicking in the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Catton Howard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 pandemic continues its journey around the world, it has triggered a global nursing response, with nurses everywhere working to save the lives of their extremely sick patients. In parallel with the frontline response, the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Authority and the International Confederation of Midwives have used their biennial Triad meetings to set out what needs to be done from a global perspective to protect nurses and the people they serve. At a time of crisis, it is imperative that the world’s nursing leaders, through ICN’s National Nursing Associations, step up to give support and guidance at this historically unsettling time.