bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARTNER: a service delivery model to implement optimal primary care management of people with knee osteoarthritis: description of development
Authors: Egerton Thorlene , Hinman Rana S , Hunter David J , Bowden Jocelyn L , Nicolson Philippa J A , Atkins Lou , Pirotta Marie , Bennell Kim L 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveImplementation strategies, such as new models of service delivery, are needed to address evidence practice gaps. This paper describes the process of developing and operationalising a new model of service delivery to implement recommended care for people with knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a primary care setting.MethodsThree development stages occurred concurrently and iteratively. Each stage considered the healthcare context and was informed by stakeholder input. Stage 1 involved the design of a new model of service delivery (PARTNER). Stage 2 developed a behavioural change intervention targeting general practitioners (GPs) using the behavioural change wheel framework. In stage 3, the ‘Care Support Team’ component of the service delivery model was operationalised.ResultsThe focus of PARTNER is to provide patients with education, exercise and/or weight loss advice, and facilitate effective self-management through behavioural change support. Stage 1 model design: based on clinical practice guidelines, known evidence practice gaps in current care, chronic disease management frameworks, input from stakeholders and the opportunities and constraints afforded by the Australian primary care context, we developed the PARTNER service-delivery model. The key components are: (1) an effective GP consultation and (2) follow-up and ongoing care provided remotely (telephone/email/online resources) by a ‘Care Support Team’. Stage 2 GP behavioural change intervention: a multimodal behavioural change intervention was developed comprising a self-audit/feedback activity, online professional development and desktop software to provide decision support, patient information resources and a referral mechanism to the ‘Care Support Team’. Stage 3 operationalising the ‘care support team’—staff recruited and trained in evidence-based knee OA management and behavioural change methodology.ConclusionThe PARTNER model is the result of a comprehensive implementation strategy development process using evidence, behavioural change theory and intervention development guidelines. Technologies for scalable delivery were harnessed and new primary evidence was generated as part of the process.Trial registration number ACTRN12617001595303 (UTN U1111-1197-4809)
Incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young: a systematic review
Authors: Couper Keith , Putt Oliver , Field Richard , Poole Kurtis , Bradlow William , Clarke Aileen , Perkins Gavin D , Royle Pamela , Yeung Joyce , Taylor-Phillips Sian 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo summarise studies describing incidence of sudden cardiac death in a general population of young individuals to inform screening policy.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesDatabase searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane library (all inception to current) on 29 April 2019 (updated 16 November 2019), and forward/backward citation tracking of eligible studies.Study eligibility criteriaAll studies that reported incidence of sudden cardiac death in young individuals (12–39 years) in a general population, with no restriction on language or date. Planned subgroups were incidence by age, sex, race and athletic status (including military personnel).Data extractionTwo reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted study data and assessed risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence studies.AnalysisReported incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young per 100 000 person-years.Results38 studies that reported incidence across five continents. We identified substantial heterogeneity in population, sudden cardiac death definition, and case ascertainment methods, precluding meta-analysis. Median reported follow-up years was 6.97 million (IQR 2.34 million–23.70 million) and number of sudden cardiac death cases was 64 (IQR 40–251). In the general population, the median of reported incidence was 1.7 sudden cardiac death per 100 000 person-years (IQR 1.3–2.6, range 0.75–11.9). Most studies (n=14, 54%) reported an incidence between one and two cases per 100 000 person-years. Incidence was higher in males and older individuals.ConclusionsThis systematic review identified variability in the reported incidence of sudden cardiac death in the young across studies. Most studies reported an incidence between one and two cases per 100 000 person-years.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019120563.
Does acupressure help reduce nausea and vomiting in palliative care patients? A double blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: Perkins Paul , Parkinson Anne , Parker Rebecca , Blaken Alison , Akyea Ralph K 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionNausea and vomiting are common symptoms for patients with advanced cancer. While there is evidence for acupuncture point stimulation for treatment of these symptoms for patients having anticancer treatment, there is little for when they are not related to such treatment.ObjectiveTo determine whether acupressure at the pericardium 6 site can help in the treatment of nausea and vomiting suffered by palliative care patients with advanced cancer.Materials and methodsDouble blind randomised controlled trial—active versus placebo acupressure wristbands. In-patients with advanced cancer in two specialist palliative care units who fitted either or both of the following criteria were approached: Nausea that was at least moderate; Vomiting daily on average for the prior 3 days.Results57 patients were randomised to have either active or placebo acupressure wristbands. There was no difference in any of the outcome measures between the two groups: change from baseline number of vomits; Visual Analogue Scale for ‘did acupressure wristbands help you to feel better?’; total number of as needed doses of antiemetic medication; need for escalation of antiemetics.ConclusionsIn contrast to a previously published feasibility study, active acupressure wristbands were no better than placebo for specialist palliative care in-patients with advanced cancer and nausea and vomiting.
Infective endocarditis at a tertiary care hospital in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jung Ho , Lee Hi Jae , Ku Nam Su , Lee Seung Hyun , Lee Sak , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon-Sup 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThe treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) has become more complex with the current myriad healthcare-associated factors and the regional differences in causative organisms. We aimed to investigate the overall trends, microbiological features, and outcomes of IE in South Korea.MethodsA 12-year retrospective cohort study was performed. Poisson regression was used to estimate the time trends of IE incidence and mortality rate. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality were identified with multivariable logistic regression, and model comparison was performed to evaluate the predictive performance of notable risk factors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were performed to assess long-term prognosis.ResultsWe included 419 patients with IE, the incidence of which showed an increasing trend (relative risk 1.06, p=0.005), whereas mortality demonstrated a decreasing trend (incidence rate ratio 0.93, p=0.020). The in-hospital mortality rate was 14.6%. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, aortic valve endocarditis (OR 3.18, p=0.001), IE caused byStaphylococcus aureus(OR 2.32, p=0.026), neurological complications (OR 1.98, p=0.031), high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (OR 1.22, p=0.023) and high Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.11, p=0.019) were predictors of in-hospital mortality. Surgical intervention for IE was a protective factor against in-hospital mortality (OR 0.25, p<0.001) and was associated with improved long-term prognosis compared with medical treatment only (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe incidence of IE is increasing in South Korea. Although the mortality rate has slightly decreased, it remains high. Surgery has a protective effect with respect to both in-hospital mortality and long-term prognosis in patients with IE.
Integrating philosophy, policy and practice to create a just and fair health service
Authors: Fritz Zoe , Cox Caitríona L 
Published: October 2020

To practise ‘fairly and justly’ a clinician must balance the needs of both the many and the few: the individual patient in front of them, and the many unseen patients in the waiting room, and in the county. They must consider the immediate clinical needs of those in the present, and how their actions will impact on future patients. The good medical practice guidance ‘Make the care of your patient your first concern’ provides no guidance on how doctors should act when they care for multiple patients with conflicting needs. Moreover, conflicting needs extend far past simply those between different patients. At an organisational level, financial obligations must be balanced with clinical ones; the system must support those who work within it in a variety of roles; and, finally, in order for a healthcare service to be sustainable, the demands of current and future generations must be balanced.The central problem, we propose, is that there is no shared philosophical framework on which the provision of care or the development of health policy is based, nor is there a practical, fair and transparent process to ensure that the service is equipped to deal justly with new challenges as they emerge. Many philosophers have grappled with constructing a set of principles which would lead to a ‘good’ society which is just to different users; prominent among them is Rawls.Four important principles can be derived using a Rawlsian approach: equity of access, distributive justice, sustainability and openness. However, Rawls’ approach is sometimes considered too abstract to be applied readily to policymaking; it does not provide clear guidance for how individuals working within existing institutions can enact the principles of justice. We therefore combine the principles derived from Rawls with Scanlonian contractualism: by demanding that decisions are made in a way which cannot be ‘reasonably rejected’ by different stakeholders (including ‘trustees’ for those who cannot represent themselves), we ensure that conflicting needs are considered robustly.We demonstrate how embedding this framework would ensure just policies and fair practice. We illustrate this by using examples of how it would help prevent injustice among different socioeconomic groups, prevent intergenerational injustice and prevent injustice in a crisis, for example, as we respond to new challenges such as COVID-19.Attempts to help individual doctors practise fairly and justly throughout their professional lives are best focused at an institutional or systemic level. We propose a practical framework: combining Scanlonian contractualism with a Rawlsian approach. Adopting this framework would equip the workforce and population to contribute to fair policymaking, and would ultimately result in a healthcare system whose practice and policies—at their core—were just.
Is casual employment in Australia bad for workers’ health?
Authors: Hahn Markus H , McVicar Duncan , Wooden Mark 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThis paper assessed the impact of working in casual employment, compared with permanent employment, on eight health attributes that make up the 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey, separately by sex. The mental health impacts of casual jobs with irregular hours over which the worker reports limited control were also investigated.MethodsLongitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, over the period 2001–2018, were used to investigate the relationship between the eight SF-36 subscales and workers’ employment contract type. Individual, household and job characteristic confounders were included in dynamic panel data regression models with correlated random effects.ResultsFor both men and women, health outcomes for casual workers were no worse than for permanent workers for any of the eight SF-36 health attributes. For some health attributes, scores for casual workers were higher (ie, better) than for permanent workers (role physical: men: β=1.15, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.20, women: β=1.79, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.80; bodily pain: women: β=0.90, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.54; vitality: women: β=0.65, 95% CI 0.13 to 1.18; social functioning: men: β=1.00, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.73); role emotional: men: β=1.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.89, women: β=1.24, 95% CI 0.24 to 2.24). Among women (but not men), mental health and role emotional scores were lower for irregular casual workers than for regular permanent workers but not statistically significantly so.ConclusionsThis study found no evidence that casual employment in Australia is detrimental to self-assessed worker health.
Health-related quality of life and lived experiences in males and females with thoracic aortic disease and their partners
Authors: Thijssen Carlijn G E , Dekker Silvy , Bons Lidia Rianne , Gökalp Arjen L , Kauling Robert M , van den Bosch Annemien E , Cuypers Judith Anne Adriane Ellen , Utens Elisabeth M W J , van Kimmenade Roland R L , Takkenberg Johanna J M , Roos Leontien M H , Goossens Eva , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThoracic aortic disease (TAD) may have substantial impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We described HRQOL in patients with TAD, cardiovascular screening participants and their partners; identified factors associated with HRQOL; and explored lived experiences and feelings of anxiety or depression using a mixed methods design.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, all consecutive patients visiting the TAD outpatient clinic (2017–2019) at our centre were asked to complete three questionnaires: the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Rotterdam Disease Specific Questionnaire (RDSQ). A subsample was invited for in-depth interviews.ResultsIn total, 261 participants were included: 147 patients with TAD (thoracic aortic diameter ≥40 mm; 54 females, 36.7%), 114 screening participants (cardiovascular family screening; 71 females, 62.3%) and 66 partners. Compared with the general population, patients with TAD showed markedly lower HRQOL, whereas screening participants’ HRQOL was less impaired. Female and younger participants scored significantly lower on the SF-36 and HADS compared with male and older participants. Smaller aortic diameter was associated with better RDSQ score, and previous aortic surgery was associated with higher HADS depression scores. Furthermore, partners scored significantly lower on 2/8 SF-36 subdomains when compared with the general population. From 11 interviewees, determinants of psychological distress included coping strategies, impact on social and professional life, disease-related knowledge, state of aortic diameters and physical symptoms.ConclusionsHealthcare professionals must be aware of HRQOL impairments in patients with TAD, particularly in younger females. Moreover, attention for partners is needed. Coping strategies and communication within the family were found to be important factors influencing psychological distress, and might be valuable leads for counselling and HRQOL improvement in this population.
Lifshitz scaling effects on the holographic p-wave superconductors coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Mohammadi Mahya , Sheykhi Ahmad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe employ gauge/gravity duality to study the effects of Lifshitz scaling on the holographic p-wave superconductors in the presence of Born–Infeld nonlinear electrodynamics. By using the shooting method in the probe limit, we calculate the relation between critical temperature $$T_\mathrm{{c}}$$

T
c

and $$\rho ^{z/d}$$

ρ

z
/
d

numerically for different values of mass, nonlinear parameter b and Lifshitz critical exponent z in various dimensions. We observe that critical temperature decreases by increasing b, z or the mass parameter m which makes conductor/superconductor phase transition harder to form. In addition, we analyze the electrical conductivity and find the behavior of the real and the imaginary parts as a function of frequency, which depend on the model parameters. However, some universal behaviors are seen. For instance at low frequencies, the real part of conductivity shows a delta function behavior, while the imaginary part has a pole, which means that these two parts are connected to each other through the Kramers–Kronig relation. The behavior of the real part of the conductivity in the large frequency regime can be achieved by $$\mathrm{{Re}}[\sigma ]=\omega ^{D-4}$$

Re

[
σ
]

=

ω

D
-
4

. Furthermore, with increasing the Lifshitz scaling z, the energy gap and the minimum values of the real and imaginary parts become unclear.
All but one
Authors: Kuhlenkamp Jörn , Werner Sebastian , Borges Maria C. , Ernst Dominik 
Published: October 2020

Serverless computing through Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) platforms is a popular new cloud computing model, offering high elasticity while being fully-managed. However, FaaS platforms do not quantify elasticity; thus, application developers are unaware of how elastic FaaS platforms are.
This paper is an extended version of [18]. The original paper proposes an experiment design and corresponding toolkit for observing elasticity and its associated trade-offs with latency, reliability, and execution costs. Results for evaluating four popular FaaS platforms by AWS, Google, IBM, and Microsoft indicate significant short-comings in terms of elasticity for all but AWS's service offer.
One year later, we reproduced all experiments and revisited our discussions. We report significant improvements by Google and IBM. Our results indicate that (currently) all but Microsoft's FaaS platform are elastic with differences in latency and execution costs.
Review of Leaf Unhealthy Region Detection Using Image Processing Techniques
Authors: A. Dhole S. , Shaikh Rukaiyya Pyarelal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract- In agricultural field the plants comes to an attack from the various pets bacterial and micro-organism diseases. This diseases attacks on the plant leaves, steams, and fruit part. This present review paper discussed the image processing techniques which is used in performing the early detection of plant diseases through leaf feature inspection. the basic objective of this work is to develop image analysis and classification techniques for extraction and finally classified the diseases present on leaf. Image of leaf is captured and the process is performed and to determine the status of each plant. Here proposed model divide into four parts. The image preprocessing including normalization and contrast adjustment; segment the region of interest determine by using color transform YCbCr and bi-level thresholding for statistical usage to determine the defect and severity area of plant leaves. The texture feature extraction using statistical GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrences Matrix) and color feature by means values.[1] Finally classification achieved using random markov model.
Comparison of PID Controller with Model Predictive Controller for Milk Pasteurization Process
Authors: Alamirew Tesfaye , Balaji V. , Gabbeye Nigus 
Published: October 2020

Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controllers are used in many of the Industries for various process control applications. PID controller yields a long settling time and overshoot which is not good for the process control applications. PID is not suitable for many of the complex process control applications. This research paper is about developing a better type of controller, known as MPC (Model Predictive Control). The aim of the paper is to design MPC and PID for a pasteurization process. In this manuscript comparison of PID controller with MPC is made and the responses are presented. MPC is an advanced control strategy that uses the internal dynamic model of the process and a history of past control moves and a combination of many different technologies to predict the future plant output. The dynamics of the pasteurization process was estimated by using system identification from the experimental data. The quality of different model structures was checked using best fit with data validation, residual and stability analysis. Auto-regressive with exogenous input (ARX322) model was chosen as a model structure of the pasteurization process and fits about 80.37% with datavalidation. MPC and PID control strategies were designed using ARX322 model structure. The controller performance was compared based on settling time, percent of overshoot and stability analysis and the results are presented.
Stack Contention-alleviated Precharge Keeper for Pseudo Domino Logic
Authors: Bansal Deepika , Singh Brahmadeo Prasad , Kumar Ajay 
Published: October 2020

The dynamic circuits are supposed to offer superior speed and low power dissipation over static CMOS circuits. The domino logic circuits are used for high system performance but suffer from the precharge pulse degradation. This article provides different design topologies on the domino circuits to overcome the charge sharing and charge leakage with reference to the power dissipation and delay. The precharge keeper circuit has been proposed such that the keeper transistors also work as the precharge transistors to realize multiple output function. The performance improvement of the circuit’s analysis have been done for adders and logic gates using HSPICE tool. The proposed keeper techniques reveal lower power dissipation and lesser delay over the standard keeper circuit with less transistor count for different process variation.
Proactive Scheduling in Cloud Computing
Authors: Kaur Ripandeep , Kaur Gurjot 
Published: October 2020

Autonomic fault aware scheduling is a feature quite important for cloud computing and it is related to adoption of workload variation. In this context, this paper proposes an fault aware pattern matching autonomic scheduling for cloud computing based on autonomic computing concepts. In order to validate the proposed solution, we performed two experiments one with traditional approach and other other with pattern recognition fault aware approach. The results show the effectiveness of the scheme.
Architecting the Future of Weather Satellites
Authors: Maier Mark W. , Gallagher Frank W. , St. Germain Karen , Anthes Richard , Zuffada Cinzia , Menzies Robert , Piepmeier Jeffrey , Di Pietro David , Coakley Monica M. , Adams Elena 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBetween 2014 and 2018, the NOAA Office of Systems Architecture and Advanced Planning (OSAAP) conducted the NOAA Satellite Observing System Architecture (NSOSA) study to plan the long-term future of the NOAA constellation of operational environmental satellites. This constellation of satellites (which may include space capabilities acquired in lieu of U.S. government satellites) will follow the current GOES-R and JPSS satellite programs, beginning about 2030. This was an opportunity to design a modern architecture with no preconceived notions regarding instruments, platforms, orbits, etc., but driven by user needs, new technology, and exploiting emerging space business models. In this paper we describe how the study was structured, review major results, show how observation priorities and estimated costs drove next-generation choices, and discuss important challenges for implementing the next generation of U.S. civil environmental remote sensing satellites.