bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Electronic Health Records Score for Preoperative Risk Assessment Before Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Osborne Thomas F. , Suarez Paola , Edwards Donna , Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Curtin Catherine 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Current preoperative risk assessment tools are often cumbersome, have limited accuracy, and are poorly adopted. The Care Assessment Need (CAN) score, an existing tool developed for primary care providers in the U.S. Veterans Administration health-care system (VA), is automatically calculated for individual patients using electronic health record data. Therefore, it could present an efficient preoperative risk assessment tool. The aim of this project was to determine if the CAN score can be repurposed as a preoperative risk assessment tool for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:
A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted using national VA data from 2013 to 2016. The cohort included veterans who underwent TKA identified through ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision), ICD-10, and CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) codes. The focus of the study was the preoperative patient CAN score, a single numerical value ranging from 0 to 99 (with a higher score representing greater risk) that is automatically calculated each week using multiple data points in the VA electronic health record. Study outcomes of interest were 90-day readmission, prolonged hospital stay (>5 days), 1-year mortality, and non-routine patient discharge.

Results:
The study included 17,210 veterans. Their median preoperative CAN score was 75, although there was substantial variability in patient CAN scores among different facilities. A preoperative CAN score of >75 was significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 3.54), prolonged length of stay (OR = 1.97), 90-day readmission (OR = 1.65), and non-routine discharge (OR = 1.57). The CAN score had good accuracy with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve value of >0.7 for all outcomes except 90-day readmission.

Conclusions:
The CAN score can be leveraged as an extremely efficient way to risk-stratify patients before TKA, with results that surpass other commonly available and labor-intensive alternatives. As a result, this simple and efficient solution is well positioned for broad adoption as a standardized decision support tool.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention with the Direct Anterior Approach for Acute Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Primary THA
Authors: Deijkers R.L. , van Elzakker E.P.M. , Pijls B.G. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following total hip replacement. The direct anterior approach for total hip replacement is becoming increasingly popular. However, little is known about the success rate of treatment with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) using the direct anterior approach. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of DAIR using this approach and identify patient and surgical factors that influence the results.

Methods:
Seventy-four patients (75 hips) in whom DAIR had been performed were identified from the records of the weekly multidisciplinary infection meeting and the laboratory information management systems. In 4% (3 hips), modular components were exchanged. To consider competing risks (death), we used competing risk models.

Results:
The competing risk analysis showed a successful outcome after DAIR of 82% at 4 years of follow-up; this rate was 89% at 4 years follow-up when excluding patients managed with gentamicin beads. The sensitivity analysis revealed that obesity (body mass index [BMI] of ≥30 kg/m2), use of gentamicin beads, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of >40 mm/hr increased the risk of failure.

Conclusions:
DAIR using the direct anterior approach without the routine exchange of modular components offers a success rate that is comparable with other approaches for eradicating acute PJI following primary hip arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
KARAKTERISASI SERA MOCAF (MODIFIED CASSAVA FLOUR) DARI UBIKAYU VARIETAS MANIS DAN PAHIT
Authors: Diniyah Nurud , Yuwana Nugraha , Maryanto NFN , Purnomo Bambang Herry , Subagio Achmad 
Published: May 2020

<p>Mocaf (tepung kasava termodifikasi/<em>Modified Cassava Flour</em>) dapat dibuat dari berbagai varietas ubikayu dengan lama fermentasi yang bervariasi. Hasil samping dari produksi Mocaf berupa komponen tidak lolos ayakan 100 mesh yang disebut “Sera”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan varietas (Cimanggu dan Kaspro) dan lama fermentasi (0, 12, dan 24 jam) terhadap sifat fisikokimia sera Mocaf. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor yaitu varietas ubikayu dan lama fermentasi. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi sifat fisik dan kimia seperti derajat putih, densitas kamba, proksimat, kadar serat kasar, dan kadar hemiselulosa-selulosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sera Mocaf dari ubikayu varietas Cimanggu dan Kaspro memiliki karakteristik berupa derajat putih berkisar 84,61-86,05%, densitas kamba 0,58-0,75 g/mL, kadar air 11,79-13,73%, kadar abu 0,61-2,68 %, kadar protein 1,31-2,34 %, kadar lemak 1,50-2,14 %, kadar serat kasar 18,11-22,76 %, kadar hemiselulosa 29,20-34,21 %, dan kadar selulosa 18,47-21,89 %. Sera sebagai limbah Mocaf masih berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku produk tinggi serat seperti <em>cone </em>es krim, roti tawar, dan <em>cookies</em>.</p><p> </p><p><strong>(modified cassava flour) from sweet and bitter cassava varieties</strong></p><p>Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) can be made from various varieties of cassava with various duration of fermentation. The by-product of Mocaf, a component that does not pass 100-mesh sieve, is called “Sera”. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different cassava varieties (Cimanggu and Kaspro) and duration of fermentation (0, 12, and 24 h) on the physicochemical properties of Mocaf sera. The experimental design used in this study was Randomized Block Design with 2 factors, namely cassava varieties and fermentation duration. Parameters observed included physical and chemical properties, i.e. whiteness, bulk density, proximate crude fiber and hemicellulose-cellulose content. The results showed that the characteristics of sera Mocaf from Cimanggu and Kaspro varieties were as follows: 84.61-86.05% whiteness, bulk density of 0.58-0.75 g /mL, moisture content of 11.79-13.73%, ash content of 0.61-2.68%, protein content of 1.31-2.34%, fat content of 1.50-2.14%, crude fiber content of 18.11-22.76%, hemicellulose content of 29.20-34.21%, and cellulose content of 18.47-21.89%. Sera as the waste of Mocaf processing had potential to be utilized as raw material for high fiber products such as ice cream cone, bread, and cookies.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>
KARAKTERISTIK SOHUN PATI AREN – KENTANG HITAM DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK UMBI BIT, DAUN SUJI, DAN KUNYIT
Authors: Herawati Ervika Rahayu Novita , Ariani Dini , Miftakhussolikhah NFN , Laila Fela , Pranoto Yudi 
Published: May 2020

<p>Sohun pati aren kentang hitam merupakan sumber karbohidrat alternatif yang dibuat dari 75% pati aren dan 25 % tepung umbi kentang hitam, dengan karakteristik warna hitam kecoklatan sehingga perlu penambahan zat warna alami untuk memperbaiki kenampakan produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk dengan penambahan pewarnaan alami, yaitu ekstrak umbi bit, kunyit, dan daun suji. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 5 variasi penambahan ekstrak, yaitu 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0 dan 1,2 g daun suji atau umbi bit/mL air, sedangkan ekstrak kunyit ditambahkan sebanyak 0,06; 0,12; 0,18; 0,24; dan 0,30 g kunyit/mL air. Analisis sifat fisik meliputi kuat patah, <em>tensile strength</em>, elongasi dan warna sohun, sedangkan analisis sensoris yaitu uji kesukaan dengan atribut warna, aroma, rasa, dan kesukaan keseluruhan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak ekstrak umbi bit, daun suji, dan kunyit yang ditambahkan dalam sohun aren-kentang hitam akan menurunkan kuat patah, <em>tensile strength</em>, engolasi, dan kecerahan sohun. Sohun aren-kentang hitam dengan penambahan ekstrak daun suji dari 0,4 g daun suji / ml air memiliki sifat fisik dan sensoris yang paling baik.</p><p> </p><p>CHARACTERISTIC OF COLEUS ROTUNDIFOLIUS-ARENGA STARCH NOODLE WITH ADDITION EXTRACT FROM BEETROOT, SUJI LEAF, AND TURMERIC</p><p>Coleus rotundifolius arenga starch noodle is an alternative carbohydrate source made from 75% arenga starch and 25% C.rotundifolius tuber flour which has a brownish-black color, so the addition of natural coloring agents is needed to fix its physical appearance. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristic of C.rotundifolius arenga starch noodle with addition of natural color, including beetroot, suji leaf, and turmeric extract. The noodle made with five variations concentration 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; and 1.2 g of suji leaf or beetroot/ml water, and 0.06; 0.12; 0.18; 0.24; and 0.30 g turmeric/ml water. Physical properties analyzed are compression strength, tensile strength, elongation percentage and color. Sensory properties analyzed are hedonic scoring of color, odor, taste, and overall. The results showed that the higher concentration of beetroot extract, suji leaf extract, and turmeric extract decreased the compression strength, tensile strength, elongation percentage and brightness properties of starch noodle. The best noodle quality is reached with the addition of suji leaf extract from 0.4 g suji leaf /mL water.</p>
OPTIMASI PEMBUATAN MI DARI TEPUNG JAGUNG PRAGELATINISASI
Authors: Aini Nur , Sustriawan Budi , Masrukhi NFN 
Published: May 2020

<p>Pragelatinisasi merupakan metode modifikasi yang dapat diterapkan untuk tepung jagung sehingga diharapkan dapat mempermudah pada proses pembuatan mi. Suhu gelatinisasi berbeda-beda bagi tiap jenis pati, dan untuk mencapai suju gelatinisasi tersebut tiap bahan memerlukan waktu yang berbeda. Setiap bahan juga membutuhkan penambhan air yang tepat agar dapat mengalam gelatinisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mempelajari kombinasi wkatu dan suhu pemasakan serta jumlah air yang ditambhakan untuk suspensi tepung jagung pragelatinisasi yang mempunyai respon maksimum terhadap kadar karbohidrat, kadar pengembangan dan tingkat penerimaan mi jagung; (2) mengetahui karakter fisiokimia dan organoleptik mi jagung pada formula optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ondisi pragelatinisasi optimal pada tepung jagung untuk pembuatan mi adalah selama pemasakan 7 menit waktu pemasakan, suhu 71C dan volume air 13% b/v. Mi jagung formula optimal memiliki kadar air 62,61%; kadar abu 0,322% bb; kadar lemak 1,37% bb; kadar protein total 4,18% bb; kadar karbohidrat 31,51% bb; daya pengembangan mi 16,67%; warna 2,5 9kuning keputihan); aroma 3,9 (tidak khas tepung); tekstur (2,5) (agak kenyal); rasa 2,6 (agak gurih); dan tingkat kesukaan keseluruhan 2,8 (suka). mi jagung ini masih memerlukan perbaikan proses untuk menurunkan kadar air yang tinggi, supaya memenuhi SNI 01-2987-1992.</p><p> </p><p>Pragelatinization is a modification method that can be applied for corn flour so that it can simplify the application for noodles. The temperature of gelatinization varies for each type of starch, and to reach the gelatinization temperature each ingredient needs different time. Each ingredient also needs the precise amount of water to get gelatinization. The object of this research are (1) to study the combination of cooking time and temperature and the amount of water needed for the suspension of pragelatinized corn flour which has a maximum response to carbohydrate levels, swelling power and preference of corn noodles; (2) to study the physicochemical and sensory characters of corn noodles in the optimal formula. The results showed that the optimal pregelatinization condition in corn flour for the production of noodles was during 7 minutes cooking time, temperature 71<sup>o</sup>C and volume of water 13% b / v. The optimal formula for corn noodles has a water content of 62.61%; ash content 0.322% bb; fat content 1.37% bb; total protein content 4.18% bb; carbohydrate levels 31.51% bb; power of development of noodles 16.67%; color 2.5 (whitish yellow); aroma 3,9 (not typical flour); texture 2.5 (slightly springy); flavor 2,6 (rather umami); and preference level 2.8. The corn noodles still need to improve the process to reduce the high water content so that they have not fulfilled Indonesian Nasional Standard 01-2987-1992.</p>
Evaluation of gastric polyps in patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: zheng lie , wen xinli , Dai Yan-Cheng , QianTu Xiao-Xiao , He Hai-Feng , Zhang Ya-Li Zhang Ya-Li 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: According to the study population, incidence of gastric polyps (GPs) varies from 0.33% to 6.7% in various studies. Most GPs consist of hyperplastic polyps (HPs), fundic gland polyps (FGPs), and adenomatous polyps (APs). Despite the high malignant APs potential, sporadic FGPs has no malignant potential. On the contrary, HPs has a lower risk of potential harm. It is not sufficient to perform biopsies to determine the presence of polyp types and displacements, therefore, some polyps may require extensive biopsy or complete resection. Methods: This retrospective study included GPs patients or polyphenic lesions with polyps or malignant histology found in polyps or gastroscopy at the Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2017 to 2019.Results: In a series of 10.000 upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, 384 patients (3.84%) were found to have GPs. Of these patients, 98 (25.5) were male and 286(74.5) were female. The average age of the patients was 62.8±10.4 (36-75) years. HPs, APs and FGPs frequencies were 88.5%, 5.2% and 2.1%, respectively. The polyp size of 274 (71.3%) patients was ≤ 1 cm. Polyp was identified in 262 (68.2%) patients. The most common polyps are the antrum and the corpus. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed on 128 patients. Bleeding events have been observed and endoscopic treatment is required after ESP.Conclusion: In current study, GPs frequency was low (3.84%), and HP frequency may be high due to high frequency of Helicobacter pylori (HPy) infection in China. Due to the high frequency of HPy infection and the short-term use of proton pump use, FGP frequency may be low.
Analysis of QTL for Grain size in a Rice Chromosome Segment Substitution Line Z1392 with Long Grains and Fine Mapping of qGL-6
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wang Shiming , Sun Shuangfei , Zhang Yi , Li Juan , You Jing , Su Tian , Chen Wenbo , Ling Yinghua , He Guanghua , Zhao Fangming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Grain size affects not only rice yield but is also an important element in quality of appearance. However, the mechanism for inheritance of grain size is unclear. Results: A rice chromosome segment substitution line Z1392, which harbors three substitution segments and produces grains of increased length, was identified. The three chromosome segments were located on chromosomes 1, 5, and 6, and the average length of the substitution segment was 3.17 Mb. Cytological analysis indicates that the predominant cause of increased grain length in Z1392 could be cell expansion in the glumes. Seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain size related traits were identified using the secondary F2 population produced by Nipponbare/Z1392. The inheritance of grain length in Z1392 was mainly controlled by two major QTLs, qGL-5 and qGL-6. qGL-6 was localized on a 1.26 Mb region on chromosome 6, and OsARF19 may be its candidate gene. Based on QTL mapping, three single-segment substitution lines (S1, S2, and S3) and two double-segment substitution lines (D1 and D2) were selected, and the mapping accuracy for qGL-5 and qGL-6 was further verified using three single-segment substitution lines. Analysis of QTL additive and epistatic effects revealed that the additive effect of alleles qGL-5 and qGL-6 from ‘Xihui 18’ was estimated to increase grain length of Z1392 by 0.22 and 0.15 mm, respectively. In addition, a positive epistatic interaction between qGL-5 and qGL-6 was detected, which indicates that the pyramiding of qGL-5 and qGL-6 for grain length produces a novel genotype with longer grains. Conclusions: Inheritance of grain length in the triple-segment substitution line Z1392 is mainly controlled by two major QTLs, qGL-5 and qGL-6. qGL-6 was found to be located in a 1.26 Mb region on chromosome 6, and OsARF19 may be its candidate gene. A positive epistatic interaction between qGL-5 and qGL-6 results in longer grains. The present results can be used to facilitate cloning of the qGL-5 and qGL-6 genes and contribute to improvement of grain yield in rice.
Nurse-led continuum of care for people with diabetes and pre-diabetes in Nepal (NUCOD): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Dong (Roman) , Dev Rubee , Shrestha Abha , Zhang Lingling , Shrestha Archana , Shakya Pushpanjali , Hughes James , Shakya Prabin , Li Jinghua , Liao Jing , Karmacharya Biraj 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study will be to improve diabetes prevention, access to care and advocacy through a novel cost-effective nurse-led continuum of care approach that incorporates diabetes prevention, awareness, screening and management for low-income settings, and furthermore utilizes the endeavor to advocate for establishing standard diabetes program in Nepal.Methods: We will conduct a two-arm, parallel group, stratified cluster randomized controlled trial of a NUrse-led COntinuum of care for people with Diabetes (N1=200) and pre-diabetes (N2=1036) (NUCOD), with primary care centers (9 Outreach Centers and 17 Government Health Posts) as a unit of randomization. NUCOD will be delivered through the trained diabetes nurses in the community to the intervention group and the outcomes will be compared to the usual treatment group at 6 and 12 months of the intervention. The primary outcome will be change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level among diabetes and progression to type 2 diabetes among prediabetes, and implementation outcomes measured using the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework. Outcomes will be analyzed on an intention to treat basis.Discussion: The results of this trial will provide information about the effectiveness of the NUCOD program in improving clinical outcomes for diabetes and prediabetes individuals, and implementation outcomes for the organization. The continuum of care model can be used for the prevention and management of diabetes and other non-communicable diseases within and beyond Nepal with similar context.Trial registration: This study was registered in a clinical trials registry via ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04131257) on 18 October 2019. URL: https://bit.ly/34qwIAd
Identifying clinical factors associated with Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: ling yaoyao , Zhang Tongqiang , guo wei , Zhu Zhenli , Tian Jiao , Cai Chunquan , xu yongsheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Analyze the clinical characteristics of Fulminant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (FMPP), and identify the related factors predicting FMPP.METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed on 345 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) hospitalized in our hospital from January 2017 to June 2019. The clinical features, laboratory data and radiological findings were compared between the FMPP group, refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP)group and general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (GMPP) group. RESULTS: FMPP patients (n=69) had a higher incidence of extra-pulmonary complications and more serious radiological findings(P<0.05), besides the days of fever and the days in the hospitals were longer. FMPP patients also need more complicated treatments(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of white blood cell count(WBC), C-reactive protein(CRP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin (IL)-6, ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen(FG), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and the percentage of neutrophils in the FMPP group were significantly higher than those in the RMPP group and the GMPP group (P<0.05). In ROC curve analysis, the percentage of neutrophils, WBC, CRP, LDH, IL-6, ferritin, D-dimer and ALT were contributed to identify FMPP patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ferritin>174.15 ng/mL, IL-6>25.475pg/ml and pleural effusion have significant predictive effects on the early diagnosis of FMPP (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: FMPP patients presented more serious clinical manifestations. Ferritin>174.15 ng/mL, IL-6>25.475pg/ml and pleural effusion were clinical factors for FMPP.
Equality and Poverty: Views From Managers and Professionals From Public Services and Household Heads in the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area, Brazil
Authors: FRANÇA VIVIANE HELENA , Modena Celina Maria , Confalonieri Ulisses Eugenio Cavalcanti 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Tackling poverty requires reconsideration of quantitative factors related to "who" is poor and by "how much” and qualitative factors addressing "what poverty means in these individuals’ lives". Greater understanding is required concerning the types of access actually used by families in poverty in attempts to meet their basic needs. Poverty must be addressed based on the question: “Inequality of what?” It is in reflecting on the realities of such groups when their basic needs are not met that public policies can be improved and implemented with legitimate priorities. Objective: Describe coverage and access to public health, education and social assistance services and the related effects on the quality of life of families in extreme poverty.Methods: An exploratory mixed methods study was performed applying Amartya Sen's “basic capability equality” framework, with: 1) 27 interviews with managers and professionals from public services serving territories with extreme poverty; 2) Survey with a systematic proportionate stratified sample of 336 heads of households in extreme poverty, from a total 2,605 families. The resulting data was analyzed with thematic content analysis and descriptive statistics, respectively.Results: The managers and professionals described the lives of families in extreme poverty with phrases such as, “These people suffer. Sadness weighs on their lives!” and “Depression is the most common illness”. Their precarious circumstances and inadequate access were cited as causes. Quality of life was considered bad or very bad by 41.4% of heads of households. A total income of less than 1/3 of the minimum wage was received by 56.9%. One or more people were unemployed in the family in 55.8% of cases. For 53.3%, public services “did not meet any or few of their needs”. The main social determinants of health were described as: Alcohol and drugs 68.8%; Lack of good health care 60.7%; Absence of income/work 37.5%. The following were identified as solutions to improve their quality of life: 1 - Health 40.5%; 2 - Education 37.8%; 3 - Employment 44.6%.Conclusions: The social determinants of poverty and health must be addressed jointly through intersectoral public policies and egalitarian mechanisms that promote investment in social protection.