bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with knife-crime in United Kingdom among young people aged 10-24 years: A systematic review.
Authors: Haylock Sara , Boshari Talia , Alexander Emma C , Kumar Ameeta , Manikam Logan , Pinder Richard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Since 2013, the number of violent crimes and offences by sharp instruments have increased continually, following a previous decrease, with majority of cases occurring among young people and in London. There is limited understanding surrounding the drivers influencing this change in trends, with mostly American-based research identifying risk factors. Methods The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence from a range of literature to identify risk factors associated with weapon-related crime, for young people (aged 10-24 years) within the UK. A search strategy was generated to conduct a systematic search of published and grey literature within four databases (EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO, and OpenGrey), identifying papers within a UK-context. Abstracts and full texts were screened by two independent reviewers to assess eligibility for inclusion, namely study focus in line with the objectives of the review. Weight of Evidence approach was utilised to assess paper quality, resulting in inclusion of 16 papers. Thematic analysis was conducted for studies to identity and categorise risk factors according to the WHO ecological model. Results No association was found between gender or ethnicity and youth violence, contrasting current understanding shown within media. Multiple research papers identified adverse childhood experiences and poor mental health as positively associated with youth and gang violence. It was suggested that community and societal risk factors, such as discrimination and economic inequality, were frequently linked to youth violence. A small number of studies were included within the review as this is a growing field of research, which may have led to a constrained number of risk factors identified. Due to heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis could not be conducted. As many studies displayed positive results, publication bias may be present. Conclusions Several risk factors were identified, with evidence currently heterogeneous with minimal high-quality studies. However, findings highlight key areas for future research, including the link between poor mental health and knife-crime, and the trajectory into gangs. Risk factors should help identify high-risk individuals, targeting them within mitigation strategies to prevent involvement within crime. This should contribute to efforts aimed at reducing the rising crime rates within UK. Trial Registration Number: CRD42019138545Registered at PROPSERO: 16/08/2019
Periodized resistance training for persistent non-specific low back pain: A mixed methods feasibility study
Authors: Tjøsvoll Svein O. , Mork Paul J. , Iversen Vegard M. , Rise Marit B. , Fimland Marius S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: We investigated the feasibility of a 16-week supervised heavy resistance training program with weekly undulating periodization for individuals with persistent non-specific low-back pain (LBP). Methods: Twenty-five adults with persistent non-specific LBP participated in this mixed methods feasibility study. Participants trained a whole-body program consisting of squat, bench press, deadlift and pendlay row two times per week for 16 weeks. We assessed pain intensity, pain-related disability, pain self-efficacy and one-repetition maximum strength at baseline, 8 weeks and 16 weeks. Three focus group interviews were conducted at the end of the program. Linear mixed models were used to assess changes in outcomes, and the qualitative data was assessed using systematic text condensation. Results: We observed clinically meaningful reductions in pain intensity after 8 and 16 weeks of training. The mean difference on the numeric pain rating scale (0-10) in the last two weeks from baseline to 8 weeks was 2.6 (95% CI: 1.8-3.6) and from baseline to 16 weeks 3.4 (95% CI: 2.5-4.4). In addition, there were improvements in pain-related disability (3.9, 95% CI: 2.3-5.5), pain self-efficacy (7.7, 95% CI: 5.4-10.1) and muscle strength. In the focus group interviews, participants talked about challenges regarding technique, the importance of supervision and the advantages of periodizing the training. Perceived benefits were improved pain, daily functioning, energy level and sleep, and changes in views on physical activity.Conclusion: Periodized resistance training with weekly undulating periodization is a feasible training method for this group of individuals with persistent non-specific LBP. A randomized clinical trial should assess the efficacy of such an intervention.
Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG
Authors: Sutardi Tata , Wang Linwei , Karimi Nader , Paul Manosh C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, a packed bed reactor is developed to investigate the gasification process of coal particles. The effects of coal particle size and heater temperature of reactor are examined to identify the thermochemical processes through the packed bed. Three different coal samples with varying size, named as A, B, and C, are used, and the experimental results show that the coal packed bed with smaller size has higher temperature, reaching 624 o C, 582 o C, and 569 o C for coal A, B, and C respectively. In the case of CO formation, the smaller particle size has greater products in the unit of mole fraction over the area of generation. However, the variation in the porosity of the coal packed bed due to different particle sizes affects the reactions through the oxygen access. Consequently, the CO formation is least from the coal packed bed formed by the smallest particle size A. A second test with the temperature variations shows that the higher heater temperature promotes the chemical reactions, resulting in the increased gas products. The findings indicate the important role of coal seam porosity in UCG (underground coal gasification) application, as well as temperature to promote the syngas productions.
Novel stable QTLs identification for berry quality traits based on high-density genetic linkage map construction in table grape
Authors: Wang Huiling , Yan Ailing , Sun Lei , Zhang Guojun , Wang Xiaoyue , Ren Jiancheng , Xu Haiying 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Aroma, berry firmness and berry shape are three main quality traits in table grape production, and also the important target traits in grapevine breeding. However, limited information about their genetic determinants leads to low accuracy and efficiency of quality breeding in grapevine. Mapping and isolation of quantitative trait locus (QTLs) based on the construction of genetic linkage map is a powerful approach to decipher the genetic determinants of complex quantitative traits in grape.Results: In the present work, a final integrated map consisted of 6,436 SLAF markers on 19 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 3,365.41 cM in genome size with an average distance of 0.52 cM between adjacent markers was generated using the specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technique. Total 16 significant QTLs were identified on six linkage groups based on phenotypic data of Muscat flavor, berry firmness and berry shape among the hybrids analyzed over three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018. Notably, new QTLs for berry firmness and berry shape were found on LG 8 respectively for the first time, which had the strongest and most stable effects over 2-3 years. Based on biological function and expression profiles of candidate genes in the major QTL regions, 3 genes (VIT_08s0007g00440, VIT_08s0040g02740 and VIT_08s0040g02350) related to berry firmness and 3 genes (VIT_08s0032g01110, VIT_08s0032g01150 and VIT_08s0105g00200) linked to berry shape were highlighted. Overexpression of VIT_08s0032g01110 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants caused the change of pod shape.Conclusions: A new high-density genetic map with total 6634 markers was constructed with SLAF-seq technique, and thus enabled the detection of narrow interval QTLs for relevant traits in grapevine. VIT_08s0007g00440, VIT_08s0040g02740 and VIT_08s0040g02350 were found to be related to berry firmness, and VIT_08s0032g01110, VIT_08s0032g01150 and VIT_08s0105g00200 were linked to berry shape.
Clonazepam versus Lorazepam in the Treatment of Methamphetamine-Poisoned Children: A Pilot Clinical Trial
Authors: Farnaghi Fariba , Rahmani Razieh , Hassanian-Moghaddam Hossein , Zamani Nasim , McDonald Rebecca , Gholami Narges , Gachkar Latif 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the efficacy of oral clonazepam versus oral lorazepam following initial parenteral benzodiazepine administration to control methamphetamine-induced agitation in children. Methods: In a single-center clinical trial, intravenous diazepam (0.2 mg/Kg) was initially administered to all methamphetamine-poisoned pediatric patients to control their agitation, followed by a single dose of oral clonazepam (0.05 mg/Kg; n=15) or oral lorazepam (0.05 mg/Kg; n=15) to prevent relapse of toxicity. Results: The median age [IQR] (range) was 15 [10, 36] (6-144) months. The source of poisoning was methamphetamine exposure from oral ingestion in 23 (76.7%) and passive inhalation in 7 (23.3%) patients. The most common symptoms/signs were agitation (23; 96.7%), mydriatic pupils (26; 86.7%), and tachycardia (20; 66.6%). Four patients (13.3%) needed re-administration of IV diazepam due to persistent agitation. There was no report of benzodiazepine complications in either group.Conclusions: Although both benzodiazepines were effective, considering the similar administered doses of oral clonazepam and lorazepam as well as the higher potency of clonazepam, it seems that lorazepam is a better suited oral benzodiazepine for the maintenance treatment of methamphetamine-induced agitation in children and can be used with minimal complications.Trial registration: IRCT20180610040036N2, April 18th 2020. Retrospectively registered
Quality of Life after Total Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Xu Jia , Zhang ZiL , Zhou DongS , Fu RongZ , Wang YuL 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a decreased quality of life (QoL), which is attributable in part to secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT). Surgery is the definitive treatment of 2HPT. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of total parathyroidectomy with deltoid autotransplantation on the QoL. Methods: A total of 201 ESRD with 2HPT were enrolled . The operation efficacy was evaluated by analyzing preoperative and postoperative values, including levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), serum phosphorus, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium-phosphorus product. The QoL was evaluated by MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) scores preoperatively and at 6 months postoperation. Results: Compared with the preoperative values, levels of PTH(2033pg/ml vs 62.5 pg/ml), serum phosphorus(2.30mg/dl vs 1.60mg/dl), serum calcium(3.62mg/dl vs 1.84mg/dl), and calcium-phosphorus product were all decreased postoperative. Number variation and anatomic location variation of thyroid glands were found in the patients. Quality of life improved significantly in all 8 individual and 2 component summary scales, with a more significant decrease in the physical health scales. Conclusion: Parathyroidectomy significantly improves quality of life in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
What Matters for Patients? A Mixed Method Study of the Importance and Consideration of Patient Demands
Authors: waelli mathias , Minvielle Etienne , Acero Maria Ximena , Aribi Khouloud Ben , Lalloue Benoit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundA patient-centred approach is increasingly the mandate for healthcare delivery, especially with the growing emergence of chronic conditions. A relevant but often overlooked obstacle to delivering person-centred care is the identification and consideration of all demands based on individual experience, not only disease-based requirements. Mindful of this approach, there is a need to explore how patient demands are expressed and considered in healthcare delivery systems. This study aims to: (i) understand how different types of demands expressed by patients are taken into account in the current delivery systems operated by Health Care Organisations (HCOs); (ii) explore the often overlooked content of specific non-clinical demands (i.e. demands related to interactions between disease treatments and everyday life). MethodWe adopted a mixed method in two cancer centres, representing exemplary cases of organisational transformation: (i) circulation of a questionnaire to assess the importance that patients attach to every clinical (C) and non-clinical (NC) demand identified in an exploratory inquiry, and the extent to which each demand has been taken into account based on individual experiences; (ii) a qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews exploring the content of specific NC demands.ResultsFurther to the way in which the questionnaires were answered (573 answers/680 questionnaires printed) and the semi-structured interviews (36) with cancer patients, results show that NC demands are deemed by patients to be almost as important as C demands (C = 6.53/7 VS. NC = 6.13), but are perceived to be considered to less of an extent in terms of pathway management (NC = 4.02 VS C = 5.65), with a significant variation depending on the type of non-clinical demands expressed. Five types of NC demands can be identified: demands relating to daily life, alternative medicine, structure of the treatment pathway, administrative and logistic assistance and demands relating to new technologies.ConclusionsThis study shows that HCOs should be able to consider non-clinical demands in addition to those referring to clinical needs. These demands require revision of the healthcare professionals’ mandate and transition from a supply-orientated system towards a demand-driven approach throughout the care pathway. Other sectors have developed hospitality management, mass customisation and personalisation to scale up approaches that could serve as inspiring examples.
Simultaneous Right-Sided Nephrectomy with Orthotopic Liver/Kidney Transplantation - An Alternative Method for Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Liver and Kidney Disease
Authors: Felgendreff Philipp , Tautenhahn Hans-Michael , Lux Sascha , Dondorf Felix , Aschenbach Rene , Rauchfuß Falk , Settmacher Utz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: In patients suffering from autosomal dominant polycystic liver and kidney disease (ADPLKD), organ transplantation often poses a technical challenge due to the large volume of both organs. To simplify the transplantation procedure by improving the exposure of anatomical structures, we introduce a novel surgical technique.Methods: Seven patients with ADPLKD were evaluated for simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation at the Jena University Hospital. The modified transplantation approach included hepatectomy and right-sided nephrectomy. After reperfusion of the liver graft, orthotopic kidney transplantation to the right-sided hemiabdomen was performed.Results: Preoperatively, the median liver volume and right kidney volume were morphologically determined by CT to be 9343 ml (± 3698.56) and 2770 ml (± 1128.78). The mean operation time was 342.43 minutes (± 68.77). Postoperatively, the patients were treated 6.28 days (± 2.50) in the intensive care unit and were discharged from the surgical ward approximately 28 days (± 5.66) after the operation with normal graft function.Conclusion: The modified simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation technique is an effective alternative surgical transplantation method for patients with ADPLKD. The new transplantation technique simplifies the transplantation procedure by improving the exposure of anatomical structures.
Analysis of Medico-Social Factors for Job Retention Among Patients Presenting With Haematological Malignancy (Adamentine): Results of a ‘Pilot Study’
Authors: CLIN Bénédicte , Heutte Natacha , Boulanger Mathilde , Troussard Xavier , Cornet Edouard , Damaj Ghandi Laurent , Bouvier Véronique , Guizard Anne-Valérie , Launoy Guy , Licaj Idlir 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to describe return to work determinants in patients with haematological malignancy.
Results
This medico-social pilot study included patients with haematological malignancy in the département of Calvados, aged 18 to 55 years, diagnosed between 1st January and 31st December 2010 and alive at 1st January 2015. Patients were identified via consultation of the Lower Normandy haematological malignancy Registry. They completed a specially developed self-questionnaire, in addition to validated questionnaires for anxiety-depression, quality of life and fatigue. Of the patients contacted, 50% accepted to participate. The mean age at diagnosis was 49.8 years, and the majority of patients (79.2%) was professionally active at the time of diagnosis. Only 64.9% of subjects had stopped work due to illness. The psychological impact (demonstrated anxiety) was significantly greater in men (p = 0.01). The majority of subjects returned to work after treatment (80.7%) and among them, the mean duration of absence from work was 16.1 months. Only 52.6% of subjects had informed their occupational physician and 56.7% had benefited from a pre-return visit.
Sequence analysis and protein interactions of Arabidopsis CIA2 and CIL proteins
Authors: Sun Chih-Wen , Yang Chun-Yen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: A previous screening of Arabidopsis thaliana for mutants exhibiting dysfunctional chloroplast protein transport identified the chloroplast import apparatus ( cia ) gene. The cia2 mutant has a pale green phenotype and reduced rate of protein import into chloroplasts, but leaf shape and size are similar to wild-type plants of the same developmental stage. Microarray analysis showed that nuclear CIA2 protein enhances expression of the Toc75 , Toc33 , CPN10 and cpRPs genes, thereby up-regulating protein import and synthesis efficiency in chloroplasts. CIA2-like (CIL) shares 65% sequence identity to CIA2, suggesting that CIL and CIA2 are homologous proteins in Arabidopsis. Here, we further assess the protein interactions and sequence features of CIA2 and CIL. Results: Subcellular localizations of truncated CIA2 protein fragments in our onion transient assay demonstrate that CIA2 contains two nuclear localization signals (NLS) located at amino acids (aa) 62-65 and 291-308, whereas CIL has only one NLS at aa 47-50. We screened a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) Arabidopsis cDNA library to search for putative CIA2-interacting proteins and identified 12 nuclear proteins, including itself, CIL, and flowering-control proteins (such as CO, NF-YB1, NF-YC1, NF-YC9 and ABI3). Additional Y2H experiments demonstrate that CIA2 and CIL mainly interact with flowering-control proteins via their N-termini, but preferentially form homo- or hetero-dimers through their C-termini. Moreover, sequence alignment showed that the N-terminal sequences of CIA2, CIL and NF-YA are highly conserved. Therefore, NF-YA in the NF-Y complex could be substituted by CIA2 or CIL. Conclusions: We show that Arabidopsis CIA2 and CIL can interact with CO and NF-Y complex, so not only may they contribute to regulating chloroplast function but also to modulating flower development.
Predicting developmental dysplasia of the hip in at-risk newborns
Authors: Roposch Andreas , Protopapa Evangelia , Malaga-Shaw Olivia , Gelfer Yael , Humphries Paul , Ridout Deborah , Wedge John H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The development of developmental dysplasia of the hip can be attributed to several risk factors and often in combination with each other. When predicting the likelihood of developing this condition, clinicians tend to over and underestimate its likelihood of occurring.Therefore, the study aim is to determine among at-risk newborns how to best predict developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) within 8 weeks post-partum.Methods: Prospective cohort study in secondary care. Patient population included newborns at-risk for DDH – we assessed 13,276 consecutive newborns for the presence of DDH risk factors. Only newborns with at least one of the predefined risk factors and those showing an abnormal examination of the hip were enrolled (n=2,191). For the development of a risk prediction model we considered 9 candidate predictors and other variables readily available at childbirth. The main outcome measure was ultrasonography at a median age of 8 weeks using consensus diagnostic criteria; outcome assessors were blinded. Results: The risk model includes four predictors: female sex (OR=5.6; 95% CI: 2.9-10.9; P<0.001); first degree family history of DDH (OR=4.5; 95% CI: 2.3-9.0; P<0.001), birthweight >4000g (OR=1.6; 95% CI: 0.6-4.2; P=0.34), and abnormal examination of hip (OR=58.8; 95% CI: 31.9, 108.5; P<0.001). This model demonstrated excellent discrimination (C statistic=0.9) and calibration of observed and predicted risk (P=0.35). A model without the variable ‘hip examination’ demonstrated similar performance.Conclusion: The risk model quantifies absolute risk of DDH within 8 weeks postpartum in at-risk newborns. Based on clinical variables readily available at the point of childbirth, the model will enhance parental counselling and could serve as the basis for real time decisions prior to discharge from maternity wards.
The Importance of Utilizing Pragmatics in EFL/ESL Context
Authors: Fatah Younis Salih , Ibrahim Noor Mala Bt 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Pragmatics research in the last few years has gained eminence under the impact of Soler and the succeeding paradigms of Communicative Competence. Amid the diverse components of communicative competence, a great number of L2 studies have attended to the concept of pragmatic competence, that deals with both pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic knowledge. Hence, pragmatics interlanguage research is concerned with the pragmatic competence and pragmatic performance of L2 learners; though, teaching pragmatics to Non-native Speakers, particularly EFL learners, is a prickly subject. Hence, pragmatic competence has been noticeably absent from ELT curricula, notwithstanding the fact that it has been guaranteed a place in diverse models of Communicative competence. This is mainly due to the hindrances of teaching and learning pragmatics in the ESL/EFL classes. Hence, the study primarily aims at discoursing challenges and lacunas in teaching and learning pragmatics within the confines of EFL classrooms drawing on the existing published literature and proffers recommendations to overcome these problems. Thus, the paper concentrates on these central and prominent fields: the EFL/ESL setting, ELT materials, and available to teach learners, teacher competence, and evaluating pragmatic ability.