bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment on Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Rogal Shari , Youk Ada , Zhang Hongwei , Gellad Walid F. , Fine Michael J. , Good Chester B. , Chartier Maggie , DiMartini Andrea , Morgan Timothy , Bataller Ramon , Kraemer Kevin L. 
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims
Despite the significant medical and economic consequences of coexisting alcohol use disorder (AUD) in patients with cirrhosis, little is known about AUD treatment patterns and their impact on clinical outcomes in this population. We aimed to characterize the use of and outcomes associated with AUD treatment in patients with cirrhosis.

Approach and Results
This retrospective cohort study included Veterans with cirrhosis who received Veterans Health Administration care and had an index diagnosis of AUD between 2011 and 2015. We assessed the baseline factors associated with AUD treatment (pharmacotherapy or behavioral therapy) and clinical outcomes for 180 days following the first AUD diagnosis code within the study time frame. Among 93,612 Veterans with cirrhosis, we identified 35,682 with AUD, after excluding 2,671 who had prior diagnoses of AUD and recent treatment. Over 180 days following the index diagnosis of AUD, 5,088 (14%) received AUD treatment, including 4,461 (12%) who received behavioral therapy alone, 159 (0.4%) who received pharmacotherapy alone, and 468 (1%) who received both behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy. In adjusted analyses, behavioral and/or pharmacotherapy‐based AUD treatment was associated with a significant reduction in incident hepatic decompensation (6.5% vs. 11.6%, adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52, 0.76), a nonsignificant decrease in short‐term all‐cause mortality (2.6% vs. 3.9%, AOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.57, 1.08), and a significant decrease in long‐term all‐cause mortality (51% vs. 58%, AOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80, 0.96).

Conclusions
Most Veterans with cirrhosis and coexisting AUD did not receive behavioral therapy or pharmacotherapy treatment for AUD over a 6‐month follow‐up. The reductions in hepatic decompensation and mortality suggest that future studies should focus on delivering evidence‐based AUD treatments to patients with coexisting AUD and cirrhosis.
Major Vault Protein Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Targeting Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 and Decreasing p53 Activity
Authors: Yu Haisheng , Li Mengqi , He Rui , Fang Peining , Wang Qiming , Yi Yu , Wang Fubing , Zhou Li , Zhang Yi , Chen Aidong , Peng Nanfang , Liu Dan , Trilling Mirko , Broering Ruth , Wiemer Erik A.C. , Lu Mengji , Zhu Ying , Liu Shi 
Published: November 2019

Background and Aims
Major vault protein (MVP) is up‐regulated during infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here, we found that MVP deficiency inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development induced by diethylnitrosamine, hepatitis B X protein, and HCV core.

Approach and Results
Forced MVP expression was sufficient to induce HCC in mice. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the ubiquitin ligase human double minute 2 (HDM2) forms mutual exclusive complexes either with interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) or with p53. In the presence of MVP, HDM2 is liberated from IRF2, leading to the ubiquitination of the tumor suppressor p53. Mouse xenograft models showed that HBV and HCV promote carcinogenesis through MVP induction, resulting in a loss of p53 mediated by HDM2. Analyses of clinical samples from chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and HCC revealed that MVP up‐regulation correlates with several hallmarks of malignancy and associates with poor overall survival.

Conclusions
Taken together, through the sequestration of IRF2, MVP promotes an HDM2‐dependent loss of p53 that promotes HCC development.
Comparison of subsequent pregnancy outcomes after surgery for adnexal masses performed in the first and second trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Zou Gen , Xu Ping , Zhu Libo , Ding Shaojie , Zhang Xinmei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether surgery for adnexal masses in the first trimester of pregnancy affects subsequent pregnancy outcomes compared to surgery in the second trimester.MethodsData were retrospectively reviewed from women who underwent adnexal mass surgery before 26 weeks of gestation at a university hospital between July 2008 and June 2018. Women who underwent surgery in the first trimester were classified as group 1 (n=78) and those in the second trimester were classified as group 2 (n=48). Information on clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes was obtained from medical records and follow‐up interviews and compared between two groups.ResultsThere were no differences in age, parity, mass size, laparoscopy, and operation time between the two groups. A total of 98 cases were confirmed as ovarian torsion, including 72 cases in group 1 and 26 cases in group 2. Accordingly, adnexectomy was performed more often in group 1 (P=0.002). No significant differences concerning the rate of abortion, preterm birth, or cesarean delivery were found.ConclusionSurgery for adnexal masses performed in the first trimester is almost as safe as that in the second trimester. Surgery should be performed for women with a complex adnexal mass in the first trimester to avoid unfavorable complications.
Histology and microscopic anatomy of the thyroid gland during the larval development of Pseudis platensis (Anura, Hylidae)
Authors: Cruz Julio César , Fabrezi Marissa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeveral hormones regulate anuran larval development, most notably thyroid hormones (THs). In anurans, metamorphosis fails when the thyroid gland is absent or inactivated, resulting in giant tadpoles. Larval gigantism occurs naturally in neotropical frogs of the genus Pseudis as a result of a prolonged larval period. Its thyroid function is poorly investigated and the focus of this study. We describe qualitative and quantitative variations in larval development for field‐captured specimens of Pseudis platensis and compare those to the development of two sympatric species, Phyllomedusa sauvagii and Pithecopus azureus, which have small tadpoles and a shorter larval period. We describe morphological changes in the thyroid glands of larval and adult specimens. In contrast to other species with similar ecological requirements, P. platensis exhibits distinct glandular activity. During premetamorphosis, there was little or no thyroid activity, a period in which the tadpole reached 70% of its maximum size. Development and degree of activity of the thyroid gland determine the duration of the early stages of the larval period. Thyroid gland histology in tadpoles appears to correlate with the TH activity, and in turn with the diversity in anuran life history transitions.
Elucidation of artefacts in proton transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometers
Authors: Salazar Gómez Jorge Iván , Klucken Christian , Sojka Martha , Masliuk Liudmyla , Lunkenbein Thomas , Schlögl Robert , Ruland Holger 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present an effective procedure to differentiate instrumental artefacts, such as parasitic ions, memory effects, and real trace impurities contained in inert gases. Three different proton transfer reaction mass spectrometers were used in order to identify instrument‐specific parasitic ions. The methodology reveals new nitrogen‐ and metal‐containing ions that up to date have not been reported. The parasitic ion signal was dominated by [N2]H+ and [NH3]H+ rather than by the common ions NO+ and O2+. Under dry conditions in a proton transfer reaction quadrupole interface time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (PTR‐QiTOF), the ion abundances of [N2]H+ were elevated compared with the signals in the presence of humidity. In contrast, the [NH3]H+ ion did not show a clear humidity dependency. On the other hand, two PTR‐TOF1000 instruments showed no significant contribution of the [N2]H+ ion, which supports the idea of [N2]H+ formation in the quadrupole interface of the PTR‐QiTOF. Many new nitrogen‐containing ions were identified, and three different reaction sequences showing a similar reaction mechanism were established. Additionally, several metal‐containing ions, their oxides, and hydroxides were formed in the three PTR instruments. However, their relative ion abundancies were below 0.03% in all cases. Within the series of metal‐containing ions, the highest contribution under dry conditions was assigned to the [Fe(OH)2]H+ ion. Only in one PTR‐TOF1000 the Fe+ ion appeared as dominant species compared with the [Fe(OH)2]H+ ion. The present analysis and the resulting database can be used as a tool for the elucidation of artefacts in mass spectra and, especially in cases, where dilution with inert gases play a significant role, preventing misinterpretations.
Parenchymal pericytes are not the major contributor of extracellular matrix in the fibrotic scar after stroke in male mice
Authors: Roth Michaela , Enström Andreas , Aghabeick Candice , Carlsson Robert , Genové Guillem , Paul Gesine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScar formation after injury of the brain or spinal cord is a common event. While glial scar formation by astrocytes has been extensively studied, much less is known about the fibrotic scar, in particular after stroke. Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor ß‐expressing (PDGFRß+) pericytes have been suggested as a source of the fibrotic scar depositing fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins after detaching from the vessel wall. However, to what extent these parenchymal PDGFRß+ cells contribute to the fibrotic scar and whether targeting these cells affects fibrotic scar formation in stroke is still unclear. Here, we utilize male transgenic mice that after a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model have a shift from a parenchymal to a perivascular location of PDGFRß+ cells due to the loss of regulator of G‐protein signaling 5 in pericytes. We find that only a small fraction of parenchymal PDGFRß+ cells co‐label with type I collagen and fibronectin. Consequently, a reduction in parenchymal PDGFRß+ cells by ca. 50% did not affect the overall type I collagen or fibronectin deposition after stroke. The redistribution of PDGFRß+ cells to a perivascular location, however, resulted in a reduced thickening of the vascular basement membrane and changed the temporal dynamics of glial scar maturation after stroke. We demonstrate that parenchymal PDGFRß+ cells are not the main contributor to the fibrotic ECM, and therefore targeting these cells might not impact on fibrotic scar formation after stroke.
Validity of self‐reported measures for periodontitis surveillance in a rural sample
Authors: Reiniger Ana Paula Pereira , Londero Ananda Barrachini , Ferreira Ticiane de Góes Mário , da Rocha José Mariano , Moreira Carlos Heitor Cunha , Kantorski Karla Zanini 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the predictive performance of self‐reported questions for periodontitis screening in a representative sample of a rural population.MethodsNine questions were compared with gold standard clinical examinations (probing six sites/tooth, full‐mouth). Case definition for severe periodontitis was defined according to World Workshop (2017‐WW) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP). Diagnostic tests such as sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive and negative predictive values were performed for all questions alone and grouped into models. Binary logistic regression modeling was used to derive parameter estimates for all variables in a given model and the area under ROC curve was calculated.ResultsClinical examinations showed a prevalence of periodontitis in the sample (n = 585) of 99.4% and 86.3%, being 40.3% and 33.8% of severe disease according to 2017‐WW and CDC/AAP case definitions, respectively. Individually, only the questions regarding the self‐perception of teeth/gum health and loose and lost teeth were valid to predict severe periodontitis. The best logistic regression models combined sociodemographic variables and risk‐factors with the self‐reported measures of self‐perception of gum disease, teeth/gum health, loose teeth and history of tooth loss.ConclusionPredictive performance of these self‐reported questions presented herein support its potential use for surveillance of severe periodontitis in rural populations with high periodontitis prevalence.
A portable driving system for high‐resolution active matrix electrowetting display based on FPGA
Authors: Yang Guisong , Liu Linwei , Zheng Zhiwen , Henzen Alex , Xi Kerui , Bai Pengfei , Zhou Guofu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHow to display pictures and even videos on electrowetting displays (EWDs) still needs improvement. Therefore, we seek to develop a robust, portable and scalable system for the realization of high‐resolution EWDs. In this paper, a driving system for an 8 inch active matrix electrowetting display (AM‐EWD) based on a Field‐Programmable‐Gate‐Array (FPGA) is proposed, where the key components are an active matrix backplane, an FPGA driving waveform and driver integrated circuits (ICs). We successfully demonstrate an AM‐EWD with 1024×768 resolution and 16‐level gray‐scale realized by unique dynamic and asymmetric sub‐frame of FPGA. The whole system is just powered by a 3.7V 1100mAH lithium battery. Such a system has not been reported before, also well‐suited for transferring to a higher performance portable EWD in the future.
Venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis in mastectomy patients: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Vu T. N. Diem , Melik Razan El , Nehring Sharon , Bergquist Whitney , Hoskin Tanya , Day Courtney , Jakub James W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis in breast surgery remains controversial. In 2012, we instituted a practice change of routine chemoprophylaxis for patients with invasive cancer undergoing mastectomy. Herein, we report the effects of this on rates of VTE and hematoma.MethodsOur 30‐day rates of VTE and hematoma requiring reoperation among patients with mastectomy since the practice change were retrospectively collected from National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). The subsequent 5‐year data (2012‐2017) was compared with historic NSQIP data (2006‐2010). We utilized information from our 30‐day follow‐up databank to assess patients not sampled by NSQIP.ResultsAfter the practice change, the heparin prophylaxis rate rose from 19.5% to 95.6% (P < .001) and the VTE rate fell from 0.8% to 0% (P = .30). There was no significant change in reoperative hematoma rate (P = .39). The majority of the current NSQIP patient population (93.1%) had a Caprini score of 5 or greater. Among 663 patients obtained from 30‐day postoperative follow‐up, there were 2 VTE (0.3%) and 7 (1.1%) reoperations for hematoma.ConclusionsThe practice change resulted in an increase of VTE chemoprophylaxis without significant change in hematoma incidence. Although not statistically significant, VTE incidence decreased. This supports the use of standardized VTE chemoprophylaxis in this population and warrants further study.
Association between patient age and the risk of mortality following local recurrence of a sacral chordoma
Authors: Houdek Matthew T. , Hevesi Mario , Schwab Joseph H. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Griffin Anthony M. , Healey John H. , Ferguson Peter C. , Hornicek Francis J. , Boland Patrick J. , Sim Franklin H. , Rose Peter S. , Wunder Jay S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLocal recurrence (LR) of sacral chordoma is a difficult problem and the mortality risk associated with LR remains poorly described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of mortality in patients with LR and determine if patient age is associated with mortality.MethodsA total of 218 patients (144 male, 69 female; mean age 59 ± 15 years) with sacrococcygeal chordomas were reviewed. Cumulative incidence functions and competing risks for death due to disease and nondisease mortality were employed to analyze mortality trends following LR.ResultsThe 10‐year overall survival (OS) was 55%. Patients with LR had 44% 10‐year OS, similar to patients without (59%; P = .38). The 10‐year OS between those less than 55 compared with ≥55 years were similar (69% vs 48%; P = .52). The 10‐year death due to disease was worse in patients with LR compared with those without (44% vs 84%; P < .001). In patients without LR, patients ≥55 years were 1.6‐fold more likely to experience death due to other causes.ConclusionsPatients with an LR are more likely to die due to disease. Advanced patient age was associated with higher all‐cause mortality following resection of sacral chordoma. LR of chordoma was associated with increased disease‐specific mortality, regardless of age.
Simultaneous quantitative analysis of nine constituents in six Chinese medicinal materials from Citrus genus by high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry combined with chemometric methods
Authors: Tian Fang , He Xiao‐Fang , Sun Jie , Liu Xin‐Dan , Zhang Ying , Cao Hui , Wu Meng‐Hua , Ma Zhi‐Guo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aim to determine the chemical constituents of six Chinese medicinal materials from the Citrus genus using high‐performance liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Eight flavonoids and one coumarin were identified and further quantified as marker substances by high‐performance liquid chromatography method. The separation was performed on an Agilent TC‐C18 column with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase under gradient elution. The analytical method was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, intra‐ and inter‐day precision and repeatability, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and recovery. It was subsequently applied to evaluate the quality of 103 batches of the Chinese medicinal materials from the Citrus genus. In addition, the principal constituent analysis was used to compare the samples of different species from the Citrus genus leading to successful classification of the samples in accordance with their origins. It was found that the contents of nine constituents varied greatly in different ripening stages and varieties of the samples from the Citrus genus. In addition, neoeriocitrin and 5,7‐dimethoxycoumarin were determined as two unique constituents of ‘Zhiqiao’ and ‘Foshou’, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a chemical basis for quality control of Chinese medicinal materials from the Citrus genus.
Thirty‐Day Readmission and Prolonged Length of Stay in Malignant Otitis Externa
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Ferrandino Rocco , Kaul Vivian Z. , Wanna George B. , Cosetti Maura K. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo determine independent risk factors for 30‐day readmission, prolonged length of stay (PLOS), and discharge to a rehabilitation facility for those with malignant otitis externa.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with malignant otitis externa (International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, code 380.14) in the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2013–2014). Overall and disease‐specific complication and mortality data were analyzed using chi‐squared and multivariate analysis.ResultsThere were 1267 cases of malignant otitis externa extracted. A PLOS of ≥8 days (90th percentile) was found in 14.2% (n = 180) of patients, and 13.7% (n = 174) were discharged to a facility. Patients were readmitted within 30 days at a rate of 12.5% (n = 159). The overall rates of uncomplicated and complicated diabetes were found to be 42.1% and 17.8%, respectively. Factors independently associated with PLOS included undergoing a surgical procedure (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, P < .001), and having central nervous system complications (OR 3.21, P < .001). Independent risk factors for disposition to a facility included nutritional deficiency (OR 1.91, P = .029), PLOS (OR 4.61, P < .001), and age 65–79 years (OR 6.57, P = .001). Readmission was independently linked to PLOS (OR 3.14, P < .001). Diabetes was not an independent risk factor for any outcome.ConclusionsThirty‐day readmission, PLOS, and ultimate discharge to a rehabilitation facility were common and closely intertwined. Despite the classic association between diabetes and malignant otitis externa, diabetes was not an independent risk factor for any of our outcomes.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2220–2228, 2020
Implantation of the nyxoah bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulator for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Lewis Richard , Pételle Boris , Campbell Matthew C. , MacKay Stuart , Palme Carsten , Raux Guillaume , Sommer J. Ulrich , Maurer Joachim T. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThis report describes the surgical implantation of a novel bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulator (Genio system®, Nyxoah S.A., Belgium) and the successful treatment of a patient with moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Study DesignSurgical technique description and case study report.MethodsThe bilateral implantable stimulator (IS) simultaneously stimulates both genioglossus (GG) muscles to reduce airway obstruction. At night, patients wear an activation chip under their chin that wirelessly transmits energy to the implant and enables the nerve stimulation. Surgical implantation of the IS is performed under general anesthesia by making a small incision above the hyoid bone and dissecting through the platysma, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid muscles to the GG muscle. The hypoglossal nerve branches are then identified, followed by suturing the IS in place. The system was evaluated in an otherwise healthy, 60‐year‐old woman with moderate OSA (apnea hypopnea index (AHI): 25/hr, nadir O2 saturation: 78%). Appropriate stimulation settings were determined at 2‐, 3‐, and 6‐months post implantation during polysomnography (PSG) and changes in apnea and hypopnea events and oxygen desaturation recorded.ResultsThe surgery was well tolerated by the patient with an uneventful recovery. The PSG at 6 months showed that AHI per hour, obstructive apnea events per hour, hypopnea events per hour, and oxygen desaturation index have been reduced by 88%, 92%, 88%, and 97%, respectively, and nadir O2 saturation improved to 91%.ConclusionsThe absence of complications and considerable reduction of apnea and hypopnea events in this case study help demonstrate the potential safety and efficacy of the bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulator.Level of Evidence4
Survival benefits from concomitant chemoradiotherapy before radical surgery in stage IVA sinonasal mucosal melanoma?
Authors: Hafström Anna , Brun Eva , Persson Simon , Sjövall Johanna , Wahlberg Peter , Greiff Lennart 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to review a local treatment protocol for sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) focusing on triple modality treatment (TMT), that is, neoadjuvant concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery.MethodsIn a retrospective design, data on clinical presentation, treatment, and survival were retrieved for 22 consecutive patients from a tertiary referral center.ResultsThe mean overall survival (OS) for all patients (3 stage III, 16 stage IVA, and 3 stage IVB) was 62 months, and the 5‐year OS rate 50%. Four of the 22 patients received treatment with palliative intention. Of the 18 patients who received treatment with curative intention, patients with stage IVA disease who received TMT (n = 10) had a 5‐year OS of 70% and 10‐year OS of 20%. The median disease‐free survival for these patients was 51 months compared with 9 months for stage IVA not receiving TMT (n = 4).ConclusionA seemingly favorable survival outcome for a disease with characteristically poor prognosis was observed. The lead finding was a high survival rate (70% 5‐year OS) for stage IVA patients who received neoadjuvant TMT. The observations suggest the possibility that patients with advanced SNMM (stage IVA) might benefit from concomitant CRT before surgery by delaying the onset of local recurrences and distant metastases.Level of EvidenceLevel 4, case series (with or without comparison).