bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missing Coal Seam between East and West Bokaro near Lugu Hill of Damodar Basin, India: A Geological Model
Authors: Sinha Sugata Kumar , Gupta Saurabh Datta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The coal formation of the Damodar basin is found in parts of the Indian states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. However, the potentiality of the coal formation and its presence across the basin are not equal. Both East Bokaro and West Bokaro are highly fertile and productive for high-quality coal. However, due to the lack of coal seams, no significant discoveries can be made between these two regions. The purpose of the present study is to identify the reasons for the lack of coal seam between the areas of the eastern and western Bokaro of the Damodar basin. The study area was chosen near the Lugu hill, adjacent to the Ghato area in the West Bokaro based on the geological significance. The presence of the coal seam is not identified in the study area. To reach the objective of the study an integrated geological model was developed based on laboratory analysis, computational and analytical approach. Newly acquired shallow seismic data, earlier acquired digitized gravity data and drilled well data were used for the study. Rock samples were collected from discrete areas of the Lugu hill for laboratory analysis. The integrated geological depositional model suggests that crustal thinning and basement upliftment is the significant reason for the absence of coal seam in between East and West Bokaro. Several tectonic activities and associated intrusion are another factor for the absence of coal in the area.
Biographische Entwicklungen von Sportspielern – eine explorative Interviewstudie mit aktuellen Spitzenspielern im Fußball und Handball
Authors: Kröger Christian , Miethling Wolf-Dietrich 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungMit unserer explorativen Studie rekonstruieren wir die biographischen Entwicklungen von aktuellen professionellen Sportspielern. Basierend auf entwicklungs- und biographietheoretischen Annahmen wurden 10 männliche, international erfahrene Fußball- und Handballspieler mittels teilstandardisierter Leitfadeninterviews befragt. Die Auswertung der Interviews erfolgte anhand der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring. Die Intention der Studie ist es, einen qualitativ orientierten Beitrag zur spitzensportlichen Karriereforschung zu liefern, im Rahmen dessen der empirisch belegbare Möglichkeitsraum solcher Entwicklungen ausgeleuchtet wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine erhebliche Variabilität in den sportbiographischen Entwicklungen. Dabei kristallisieren sich sechs bedeutsame Merkmale bzw. Kategorien heraus, die auf einen zusammenhangsstiftenden Kern, eine sog. Kernkategorie verweisen. Im Beitrag werden Biographieverläufe skizziert, die ermittelten Kategorien expliziert und interpretiert sowie das daraus resultierende Theoriegebilde mit Bezügen zur spitzensportlichen Karriereforschung von der Kindheit bis ins frühe Erwachsenenalter diskutiert.
Income Segregation: Up or Down, and for Whom?
Authors: Logan John R. , Foster Andrew , Xu Hongwei , Zhang Wenquan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Reports of rising income segregation in the United States have been brought into question by the observation that post-2000 estimates are upwardly biased because of a reduction in the sample sizes on which they are based. Recent studies have offered estimates of this sample-count bias using public data. We show here that there are two substantial sources of systematic bias in estimating segregation levels: bias associated with sample size and bias associated with using weighted sample data. We rely on new correction methods using the original census sample data for individual households to provide more accurate estimates. Family income segregation rose markedly in the 1980s but only selectively after 1990. For some categories of families, segregation declined after 1990. There has been an upward trend for families with children but not specifically for families with children in the upper or lower 10% of the income distribution. Separate analyses by race/ethnicity show that income segregation was not generally higher among Blacks and Hispanics than among White families, and evidence of income segregation trends for these separate groups is mixed. Income segregation increased for all three racial groups for families with children, particularly for Hispanics (but not Whites or Blacks) in the upper 10% of the income distribution. Trends vary for specific combinations of race/ethnicity, presence of children, and location in the income distribution, offering new challenges for understanding the underlying processes of change.
Surjectivity of certain adjoint operators and applications
Authors: Cherifi Hadjiat Amina , Lansari Azzeddine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper is an extension and generalization of some previous works, such as the study of M. Benalili and A. Lansari. Indeed, these authors, in their work about the finite co-dimension ideals of Lie algebras of vector fields, restricted their study to fields $$X_0$$

X
0

of the form $$X_0=\sum _{i=1}^{n}( \alpha _i \cdot x_i+\beta _i\cdot x_i^{1+m_i}) \frac{\partial }{\partial x_i}$$

X
0

=

∑

i
=
1

n

(

α
i

·

x
i

+

β
i

·

x
i

1
+

m
i

)

∂

∂

x
i

, where $$\alpha _i, \beta _i $$

α
i

,

β
i

are positive and $$m_i$$

m
i

are even natural integers. We will first study the sub-algebra U of the Lie-Fréchet space E, containing vector fields of the form $$Y_0 = X_0^+ + X_0^- + Z_0$$

Y
0

=

X
0
+

+

X
0
-

+

Z
0

, such as $$ X_0\left( x,y\right) =A\left( x,y\right) =\left( A^{-}\left( x \right) ,A^{+}\left( y\right) \right) $$

X
0

x
,
y

=
A

x
,
y

=

A
-

x

,

A
+

y

, with $$A^-$$

A
-

(respectively, $$ A^+ $$

A
+

) a symmetric matrix having eigenvalues $$ \lambda < 0$$

λ
<
0

(respectively, $$\lambda >0 $$

λ
>
0

) and $$Z_0$$

Z
0

are germs infinitely flat at the origin. This sub-algebra admits a hyperbolic structure for the diffeomorphism $$\psi _{t*}=(exp\cdot tY_0)_*$$

ψ

t

∗

=

(
e
x
p
·
t

Y
0

)

∗

. In a second step, we will show that the infinitesimal generator $$ad_{-X}$$

a

d

-
X

is an epimorphism of this admissible Lie sub-algebra U. We then deduce, by our fundamental lemma, that $$U=E$$

U
=
E

.
Gender bias in the Erasmus network of universities
Authors: Benedictis Luca De , Leoni Silvia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Erasmus Program (EuRopean community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students), the most important student exchange program in the world, financed by the European Union and started in 1987, is characterized by a strong gender bias. Female students participate to the program more than male students. This work quantifies the gender bias in the Erasmus program between 2008 and 2013, using novel data at the university level. It describes the structure of the program in great detail, carrying out the analysis across fields of study, and identifies key universities as senders and receivers. In addition, it tests the difference in the degree distribution of the Erasmus network along time and between genders, giving evidence of a greater density in the female Erasmus network with respect to the one of the male Erasmus network.
Complexity, Power Laws and a Humean Argument in Risk Management: The Fundamental Inadequacy of Probability Theory as a Foundation for Modeling Complex Risk in Banking
Authors: Hoffmann Christian Hugo , Djordjevic Charles 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhenever risk managers are confronted with deep uncertainty and organized complexity, probabilistic inference methods are used. These seem able to allow for crisp inputs and precise results. However, as has been noted by several thinkers (e.g., von Hayek in Studies in philosophy, politics and economics, Routledge, London, 1967; Weaver in American Scientist, 36: 536–544, 1948), such methods cannot be used effectively in such situations. This might basically sound like old wine in a new bottle and, in fact, objections to, and limitations of conventional, i.e., probabilistic risk modeling are anything but unheard of in the literature of banking and finance. However, this paper introduces for the first time an argument, inspired by reflections on the old riddle of induction, from which those shortcomings of the limited suitability of probability can be derived. It demonstrates that any choice of a particular probability distribution for a given risk management purpose is necessarily arbitrary, i.e., it is not grounded in the data but in the choices of the statistician or risk manager, and cannot be justified by appealing to something more objective. Thereby, this paper unmasks the illusion that financial data and extreme losses are well-described by non-standard probability functions such as power laws that have been embraced at the expenseof bell curves in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2008. Moreover, although we do not propose a positive solution, we believe that articulating the real, and as yet unnoticed, source of the problem is a key step towards developing a principle and tractable response.
Effect of estradiol on enzymes of vascular extracellular nucleotide metabolism
Authors: Hebanowska Areta , Mierzejewska Paulina , Braczko Alicja 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Estrogens have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, promoting vasodilation, endothelial cells growth, relaxation, and regulation of blood pressure. Some of these effects could be associated with the purinergic system known for the control of vasodilation, inflammation, and platelet function. The aim of our study was the evaluation of ATP, AMP, and adenosine extracellular catabolism, catalyzed by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39), ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73), and ecto-adenosine deaminase (eADA) in mouse aortas.

Methods
Extracellular hydrolysis of ATP, AMP, and adenosine was estimated on the aortic surface of 3-month-old female and male C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) mice, in female WT mouse aortas incubated for 48 h in the presence or absence of 100 nM estradiol, and in WT female mouse and ApoE-/-LDL-R-/- aortas. The conversion of substrates to products was analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results
We demonstrated significantly higher adenosine deamination rate in WT male vs. female mice (p = 0.041). We also noted the lower adenosine hydrolysis in aortas exposed to estradiol, as compared with the samples incubated in estradiol-free medium (p = 0.043). Finally, we observed that adenosine conversion to inosine was significantly higher on the surface of ApoE-/-LDL-R-/- aortas compared with WT mice (p = 0.001). No such effects were noted in ATP and AMP extracellular hydrolysis.

Conclusion
We conclude that estradiol inhibits the extracellular degradation of adenosine to inosine, which may be an element of its vascular protective effect, as it will lead to an increase in extracellular adenosine concentration. We can also assume that during the development of the atherosclerotic process, the protective role of estradiol in the regulation of adenosine degradation may be obscured by other pathogenic factors.
The Hawaiian Koʻa Card: coral health and bleaching assessment color reference card for Hawaiian corals
Authors: Bahr Keisha D. , Severino Sarah J. L. , Tsang Anita O. , Han Justin J. , Richards Dona Angela , Stender Yuko O. , Weible Rebecca M. , Graham Andrew , McGowan Ashley E. , Rodgers Kuʻulei S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoral reefs are the foundation to our social, cultural, and economic life; however, reefs around the world are currently being threatened by many local and global impacts. Ongoing increases in seawater temperature pose significant threats to the integrity of these valuable ecosystems through extensive coral bleaching events. Therefore, we developed a coral health reference card, the Hawaiian Koʻa (coral) Card, to assess and quantify coral bleaching and to educate the community about its impacts in Hawai‘i. To accurately quantify the change in coral color during bleaching, controlled laboratory studies followed by field validations and surveys were conducted. Colors presented on the Hawaiian Koʻa Card have been linked to physiological state and health (e.g., symbiont density, chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic performance) of common coral species in Hawaiʻi due to bleaching. The Hawaiian Koʻa Card provides a technical solution to inform and improve management of our nearshore resources through collaborative monitoring efforts by community members, educators, researchers, and managers on a state-wide scale, which will assist in determining management efficacy, identifying regions and species of resilience, establishing baselines and focus areas, and developing and executing rapid response plans.
Navigating hospitals safely through the COVID-19 epidemic tide: Predicting case load for adjusting bed capacity
Authors: Donker Tjibbe , Bürkin Fabian M. , Wolkewitz Martin , Haverkamp Christian , Christoffel Dominic , Kappert Oliver , Hammer Thorsten , Busch Hans-Jörg , Biever Paul , Kalbhenn Johannes , Bürkle Hartmut , Kern Winfried V. , Wenz Frederik , Grundmann Hajo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground:The pressures exerted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic pose an unprecedented demand on healthcare services. Hospitals become rapidly overwhelmed when patients requiring life-saving support outpace available capacities.Objective:We describe methods used by a university hospital to forecast case loads and time to peak incidence.Methods:We developed a set of models to forecast incidence among the hospital catchment population and to describe the COVID-19 patient hospital-care pathway. The first forecast utilized data from antecedent allopatric epidemics and parameterized the care-pathway model according to expert opinion (ie, the static model). Once sufficient local data were available, trends for the time-dependent effective reproduction number were fitted, and the care pathway was reparameterized using hazards for real patient admission, referrals, and discharge (ie, the dynamic model).Results:The static model, deployed before the epidemic, exaggerated the bed occupancy for general wards (116 forecasted vs 66 observed), ICUs (47 forecasted vs 34 observed), and predicted the peak too late: general ward forecast April 9 and observed April 8 and ICU forecast April 19 and observed April 8. After April 5, the dynamic model could be run daily, and its precision improved with increasing availability of empirical local data.Conclusions:The models provided data-based guidance for the preparation and allocation of critical resources of a university hospital well in advance of the epidemic surge, despite overestimating the service demand. Overestimates should resolve when the population contact pattern before and during restrictions can be taken into account, but for now they may provide an acceptable safety margin for preparing during times of uncertainty.
The potential and barriers in the expansion and utilization of a text message-based tobacco cessation service among tobacco users in India
Authors: Basu Saurav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing recognition of the role of the mCessation service (MCS) in promoting tobacco cessation in India.ObjectiveTo examine the potential for expanding the utilization of the MCS for tobacco cessation in India after assessing the dimensions related to literacy, mobile phone access, intention to quit, and advice to quit from the second round of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of the data collected during the second round of the nationally-representative Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) (2016–17) was conducted.ResultsCurrent tobacco smokers, smokeless tobacco, and dual users compromised 10.7%, 21.4%, and 3.4% of the survey participants, respectively. Quit attempts were reported by 36.3% of the existing tobacco smokers, of whom nearly 72% tried to quit without any assistance, while only 0.3% used the MCS. However, the potential expansion of the MCS was likely among 11.2% tobacco users with an existing intention to quit, being literate, Hindi-speakers and having cell-phone access.ConclusionsThe utilization of the MCS can be considerably expanded among tobacco users in India by enabling multilingual usage and incorporation as standard care practice to allow the opportunistic promotion of tobacco cessation by healthcare providers at their health clinics.
The Evolution and Implications of Perceptions of Barack Obama's Ideological Positioning
Authors: Jacobsmeier Matthew L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractI examine perceptions of Barack Obama's ideological positioning from 2006 to 2016. White Americans perceived Barack Obama to be significantly more liberal than respondents from other racial groups, and whites scoring higher on measures of racial resentment saw Obama as more liberal than those scoring lower. Perceptions of Barack Obama's ideological positioning shifted leftward early in his presidency but shifted rightward after 2010. This rightward shift notwithstanding, Obama was perceived to be quite liberal from the start of his presidency, and perceptions of his ideological positioning were racialized from the beginning. There is some evidence that citizens' perceptions of Barack Obama's ideological positioning became more racialized between 2012 and 2014. Placements of Hillary Clinton were racialized in 2016, suggesting that the Obama presidency may have lasting effects on the ideological stereotyping of Democratic candidates. I discuss these findings in light of recent research on social sorting, affective polarization, and negative partisanship.
Why Do States Intervene in the Elections of Others? The Role of Incumbent–Opposition Divisions
Authors: Bubeck Johannes , Jäger Kai , Marinov Nikolay , Nanni Federico 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhy do states intervene in elections abroad? This article argues that outsiders intervene when the main domestic contenders for office adopt policy positions that differ from the point of view of the outside power. It refers to the split between the government's and opposition's positions as policy polarization. Polarization between domestic political forces, rather than the degree of unfriendliness of the government in office, attracts two types of interventions: process (for or against democracy) and candidate (for or against the government) interventions. The study uses a novel, original data set to track local contenders’ policy positions. It shows that the new policy polarization measurement outperforms a number of available alternatives when it comes to explaining process and candidate interventions. The authors use this measurement to explain the behavior of the United States as an intervener in elections from 1945 to 2012. The United States is more likely to support the opposition, and the democratic process abroad, if a pro-US opposition is facing an anti-US government. It is more likely to support the government, and undermine the democratic process abroad, if a pro-US government is facing an anti-US opposition. The article also presents the results for all interveners, confirming the results from the US case.
Expressive Freedom on Campus and the Conceptual Elasticity of Harm
Authors: D'Orazio Dax 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigh-profile controversies have created an impression that expressive freedom is imperilled on university campuses in North America. Analyses of this alleged campus crisis typically focus either on the negative psychosocial characteristics of those who oppose potentially harmful expression or on the cynical ways that expressive freedom can be invoked to normalize harmful expression. Conversely, I argue that theories of harm are key to understanding the contemporary discourse and politics of expressive freedom on campus. To shift the frame of analysis, I critically analyze three interrelated theoretical concepts that feature elastic conceptualizations of harm and are consequential for expressive limits in an academic environment: epistemic injustice, argumentational injustice and epistemic exploitation. I argue that all three concepts require a distinction between testimony and argumentation in order to better balance protection from harm, on the one hand, and expressive freedom and open inquiry, on the other.
Olfactory disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic literature review
Authors: Fuccillo E , Saibene A M , Canevini M P , Felisati G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveRecent scientific literature has widely described a possible major role of smell dysfunction as a specific symptom of coronavirus disease 2019. This systematic review may provide a more holistic approach to current knowledge of the disease.MethodsA systematic review was completed using Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases that considered original articles focused on olfactory evaluation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients, published between March and May 2020, in English language.ResultsFrom the 483 research papers initially identified, 32 original studies were selected, comprising a total of 17 306 subjects with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019. Individual study sample sizes ranged from 6 to 6452 patients. This comprehensive analysis confirmed that olfactory disorders represent an important clinical feature in coronavirus disease 2019, with a prevalence of 11–100 per cent in included patients, although there was heterogeneity in terms of assessment tools and population selection criteria.ConclusionThe results indicate that an accurate clinical evaluation should be carried out using structured questionnaires and tests with olfactory substances.
Early behavioral profiles elucidating vulnerability and resiliency to later ASD outcomes
Authors: Landa Rebecca J. , Reetzke Rachel , Tahseen Madiha , Hess Christine Reiner 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInfant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit greater heterogeneity in behavioral presentation and outcomes relative to infants at low familial risk (LR), yet there is limited understanding of the diverse developmental profiles that characterize these infants. We applied a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis approach to parse developmental heterogeneity in 420 toddlers with heightened (HR) and low (LR) familial risk for ASD using measures of four dimensions of development: language, social, play, and restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB). Results revealed a two-cluster solution. Comparisons of clusters revealed significantly lower language, social, and play performance, and higher levels of restricted and repetitive behaviors in Cluster 1 relative to Cluster 2. In Cluster 1, 25% of children were later diagnosed with ASD compared to 8% in Cluster 2. Comparisons within Cluster 1 between subgroups of toddlers having ASD+ versus ASD− 36-month outcomes revealed significantly lower functioning in the ASD+ subgroup across cognitive, motor, social, language, symbolic, and speech dimensions. Findings suggest profiles of early development associated with resiliency and vulnerability to later ASD diagnosis, with multidimensional developmental lags signaling vulnerability to ASD diagnosis.