bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional associations between self-regulation and deviance from adolescence to adulthood
Authors: Billen Eva , Garofalo Carlo , Weller Joshua A. , Kirisci Levent , Reynolds Maureen , Tarter Ralph E. , Bogaerts Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelf-regulation is considered a major predictor of crime and deviant behavior. However, longitudinal research investigating these associations, frequently looked only at the effect of self-regulation on deviant behavior, but not the other way around. The current study argued that deviance may contribute to later problems in self-regulation, and examined bidirectional associations, comparing a unidirectional and bidirectional model of associations between these variables. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model and eight data waves from 772 participants, aged 10–12 years to 30 years were used. Results showed that a bidirectional model fit the data better than a unidirectional model. The final model revealed an influence of deviance on self-regulation mainly in adolescence, whereas self-regulation influenced deviance only over two time points in adulthood. The results suggest that, in adolescence, problems in self-regulation may follow, rather than precede deviant behavior. Thus, decreasing deviant behavior or intervening in the aftermaths of deviant behavior in adolescence might have a positive effect on self-regulation in young adulthood, lowering the chance of adult deviant behavior. The current study shows that the long-presumed directionality of self-regulation to deviance can lead to bias, and more rigorous longitudinal research is needed in order to further inform theory and practice.
Prehospital Intervals and In-Hospital Trauma Mortality: A Retrospective Study from a Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Al-Thani Hassan , Mekkodathil Ahammed , Hertelendy Attila J. , Frazier Tim , Ciottone Gregory R. , El-Menyar Ayman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground:The increase in mortality and total prehospital time (TPT) seen in Qatar appear to be realistic. However, existing reports on the influence of TPT on mortality in trauma patients are conflicting. This study aimed to explore the impact of prehospital time on the in-hospital outcomes.Methods:A retrospective analysis of data on patients transferred alive by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and admitted to Hamad Trauma Center (HTC) of Hamad General Hospital (HGH; Doha, Qatar) from June 2017 through May 2018 was conducted. This study was centered on the National Trauma Registry database. Patients were categorized based on the trauma triage activation and prehospital intervals, and comparative analysis was performed.Results:A total of 1,455 patients were included, of which nearly one-quarter of patients required urgent and life-saving care at a trauma center (T1 activations). The overall TPT was 70 minutes and the on-scene time (OST) was 24 minutes. When compared to T2 activations, T1 patients were more likely to have been involved in road traffic injuries (RTIs); experienced head and chest injuries; presented with higher Injury Severity Score (ISS: median = 22); and had prolonged OST (27 minutes) and reduced TPT (65 minutes; P = .001). Prolonged OST was found to be associated with higher mortality in T1 patients, whereas TPT was not associated.Conclusions:In-hospital mortality was independent of TPT but associated with longer OST in severely injured patients. The survival benefit may extend beyond the golden hour and may depend on the injury characteristics, prehospital, and in-hospital settings.
Associations between healthy Japanese dietary patterns and depression in Japanese women
Authors: Konishi Kanae 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:Higher quality dietary patterns such as healthy/prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns have been protectively associated with depression. This study examined whether healthy Japanese dietary patterns, which differ from dietary patterns derived from Western areas, are associated with depressive symptoms among Japanese women.Design:A cross-sectional study (the Nagano Nutrition and Health Study). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Dietary patterns were derived with a principal component analysis of the consumption of fifty-six food and beverage items, which were assessed by a validated brief diet history questionnaire.Setting:Nagano, Japan.Participants:Japanese women (n 1337) aged 20–72 years.Results:We identified three dietary patterns: ‘healthy Japanese’, ‘sweets-fat’ and ‘seafood–alcohol’. The highest quality dietary pattern was ‘healthy Japanese’. It is characterised by a high intake of vegetables, mushrooms, seaweed, soyabean products, potatoes, fish/shellfish and fruit. The age- and multivariate-adjusted OR (95 % CI) of depressive symptoms for the highest quartiles of the ‘healthy Japanese’ pattern score were 0·58 (95 % CI 0·41, 0·82) and 0·69 (95 % CI 0·45, 1·06), respectively. Meanwhile, no associations were observed for ‘sweets-fat’ and ‘seafood–alcohol’ patterns.Conclusions:The ‘healthy Japanese’ pattern may be inversely associated with depressive symptoms with an exposure-response association. The specific Japanese food groups in the ‘healthy Japanese’ pattern included mushrooms, seaweed, soyabean products and potatoes, as well as vegetables, fish/shellfish and fruit. These seem to create an anti-inflammation-prone dietary pattern, and this factor might be associated with better mental health.
World Music Without Profit
Authors: GALLOPE MICHAEL 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article explores political and aesthetic dimensions of the ‘bubu music’ made by Sierra Leonean émigré Janka Nabay while living in the United States from 2010 to 2017. It narrates Nabay's story while tracing granular flows of creative labour, collaboration, and negotiations of cultural and economic capital at some level of ethnographic detail. The central sections of the article excavate the complex and often non-linear labour that went into the production of his band's music, and gives readers a sense of the way Nabay himself intellectually framed this process. It ultimately argues that Nabay was a resilient but often-dehumanized subject who exemplified the cultural and economic cross-currents of ‘World Music 2.0’ in ways that set privileged Western values of artistic autonomy into vivid relief. As an economically precarious subject split between indigenous nationalism and Western forms of cultural capital, Nabay lived a life of profound contradictions, by turns dissenting and exuberant.
The Gendered Impacts of COVID-19 amid Agrarian Distress: Opportunities for Comprehensive Policy Response in Agrarian South Asia
Authors: Nichols Carly E. , Jalali Falak , Ali Syed Shoaib , Gupta Divya , Shrestha Suchita , Fischer Harry 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 and its associated disease control measures have greatly altered everyday life. The burden of these challenges has fallen disproportionately on women. Drawing on qualitative inquiry in agrarian north India and Nepal, this research note analyzes how South Asian COVID-19 lockdowns have affected women's labor responsibilities in sometimes surprising ways. We find increased responsibilities for caregiving within the household, substantial stress in responding to food insecurity, and growing expectations to fulfill public roles in disease response measures. However, we also find that the return of male migrants and youth has, in some cases, reduced women's farming responsibilities and created opportunities for household togetherness at a time of great uncertainty. We conclude that more research is needed to examine the nuanced aspects of COVID-19's gendered labor impacts to create comprehensive policy responses to address the multiple and sometimes conflicting effects the lockdown has had on agrarian women's informal labor and well-being.
Cosmopolitan constitutionalism: The case of the European Convention
Authors: SOMEK ALEXANDER 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOwing to the vagaries of the ‘constitutionalization’ of the European Union, legal scholarship has disregarded the momentous constitutional transformation brought about by the European Convention System. This is regrettable, not least because the Convention has reconfigured national constitutional authority in a cosmopolitan context. The emerging cosmopolitan constitutionalism is based upon three ideas: first, the exercise of state authority must also be legitimate from the perspective of those who are not citizens; second, a constitution must embrace fundamental rights and the representation of insiders in order to facilitate the representation of all, including outsiders; third, the authority of the constitution doesn’t just depend on endorsement by an independent people but also on recognition by other peoples who pursue the same type of political project. At the same time, any cosmopolitan constitutional system needs to leave space for particularity. It is therefore not accidental that the idea of a ‘margin of appreciation’ is of pivotal significance.
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Arctic Sea Ice From 2002 to 2017
Authors: Wang Zongliang , Li Zhen , Zeng Jiangyuan , Liang Shuang , Zhang Ping , Tang Fuquan , Chen Siyuan , Ma Xiongwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe variation of polar sea ice is an indicator of polar environmental change, which plays an important role in the study of regional and global climate change. In this paper, the latest sea ice data sets from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative were firstly combined to comprehensively analyze the spatial and temporal variation of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) and sea ice thickness (SIT) from 2002 to 2017. The results show that during this period, the SIC of the Kara Sea and the Barents Sea decreases the most significantly, reaching −1.11%·year−1. The Arctic annual average sea ice extent (SIE) and sea ice area (SIA) exhibit noticeable decreasing trends, reaching −0.0592 × 106 km·year−1 and −0.0628 × 106 km·year−1, respectively. Both of Arctic SIE and SIA vary seasonally, and they reach the minimum values of 4.97 × 106 km2 and 3.96 × 106 km2 in September and the maximum values of 14.58 × 106 km2 and 13.35 × 106 km2 in March, respectively. Moreover, the Arctic SIE and SIA anomaly series from 2002 to 2017 were analyzed based on the linear regression method. It is found the most noticeable decreasing trends of the Arctic SIE and SIA are from July to October. The maximum variation of the SIE is −1.06 × 106 km2(10a)−1, and the maximum variation of the SIA is −1.09 × 106 km2(10a)−1. The Arctic SIE and SIA present the smallest decreasing trends from April to May, which are −0.19 × 106 km2(10a)−1 and −0.2 × 106 km2(10a)−1, respectively. The Arctic SIT also displays a pronounced decreasing trend with −0.015 m·year−1 in autumn and −0.018 m·year−1 in winter. The annual average SIT reaches a minimum of 1.28 m in 2013 and a maximum of 1.66 m in 2005. Particularly, the SIT of the Hudson Bay decreases the most significantly, reaching −0.051 m·year−1. Finally, the Arctic average SIT was tested by the Mann‐Kendall method. It is found that the SIT has a sudden change in 2007, from a slight increase in 2003–2007 to a significant decrease in 2007–2017. Overall, the decreasing trend of the Arctic sea ice (both SIC and SIT) is significant in the past decade. These findings can contribute to future research on polar regions and global climate change.
How Accurately Can Satellite Products (TMPA and IMERG) Detect Precipitation Patterns, Extremities, and Drought Across the Nepalese Himalaya?
Authors: Sharma Shankar , Khadka Nitesh , Hamal Kalpana , Shrestha Dibas , Talchabhadel Rocky , Chen Yingying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aims to assess the accuracy of two satellite‐based precipitation products (SBPPs), that is, Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM)‐based Multi‐satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) and its upgraded version Integrated Multi‐Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG), in capturing spatial and temporal variation of precipitation and their application for extreme events (high‐intensity precipitation and drought). They were evaluated against 142‐gauge stations from Nepal during 2001–2018. The results show that, in general, both SBPPs show the overall characteristics of precipitation patterns, although underestimated the mean annual precipitation during the study period. It was also noted that IMERG product yields better performance to detect precipitation events (probability of detection) and no‐precipitation events (false alarm ratio) than TMPA. Based on four different extreme precipitation indices: heavy precipitation events (R10mm), extreme precipitation events (R25mm), five consecutive dry days (CDD), and five consecutive wet days (CWD), it was observed that the SBPPs underestimated the frequency of R25mm and CDD spells while overestimated R10mm and CWD spells. Additionally, both SBPPs exhibited considerable capabilities in capturing the drought events during the study period. Overall, the drought event, bias, and frequency show that the IMERG product has slightly better capabilities to capture drought than the TMPA product. In general, IMERG was found to be superior at a daily timescale, while TMPA shows consistent performance on a monthly scale during the study period. Furthermore, there is still space for further improvement of IMERG rainfall retrieval algorithms.
Interaction of the Indian and Asian Plates Under the Pamir and Hindu‐Kush Regions: Insights From 3‐D Shear Wave Velocity and Anisotropic Structures
Authors: Liang Yanling , Li Lun , Liao Jie , Gao Rui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Pamir‐Hindu‐Kush region is widely cited as a best place to study opposing continental subduction on Earth. Yet, subducting slab morphology of the Indian and Asian plates under this region remains elusive. Here we report new shear wave velocity and radial anisotropy models from Rayleigh and Love wave tomography to constrain the geometry of these two slabs. Together with previous tomographic studies, we show that the Indian slab exhibits along‐strike variation with subhorizontally underthrusting into the Pamir and high‐angle subduction under the Hindu‐Kush. We speculate that the Indian slab was probably detached and sank into the mantle transition zone under the Pamir, while break‐off process is ongoing under the Hindu‐Kush. The Asian lithospheric mantle and lower crust are inferred to be subducting southward into the North Pamir. Two opposing subducting slabs could have interacted under the Pamir, resulting in thickening crust, horizontally stretched midcrustal flow, and horizontal mantle flow. These dynamic processes could explain surface geologic observations and potentially constrain the causes of intermediate‐depth seismicity.
Evidence for Synchronization in the Global Earthquake Catalog
Authors: Bendick R. , Mencin D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhase alignment (synchronization) is a generalized property of interacting oscillators. If such interactions apply to earthquakes, they should manifest as time‐dependent variations in earthquake productivity organized according to a characteristic elastic loading period. Defining this period as renewal interval, the time required to accumulate the elastic potential energy released in a rupture, gives a consistent scaling property that can be used to search for temporal organization. We test for the expected structure in earthquake productivity using three different statistical tools optimized for different temporal sensitivities: Schuster spectra for events with short renewal intervals (0–25 years), Fourier power spectra for events with short and intermediate renewal intervals (0–100 years), and topological data analysis (TDA) for events with long renewal intervals (>100 years). All three indicate that earthquakes are organized in time according to renewal interval. Accounting for such unsteady temporal organization may improve forecasting skill by providing time‐dependent event probabilities.
Observed Evidence for Steep Rise in the Extreme Flow of Western Himalayan Rivers
Authors: Chug Divyansh , Pathak Amey , Indu J. , Jain Sharad K. , Jain Sanjay K. , Dimri A. P. , Niyogi Dev , Ghosh Subimal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present the first observational evidence of changing patterns of extreme streamflows at multiple locations across Western Himalayan (WH) rivers. We find that the frequency of extreme flow events during the period 1980–2003 has doubled with a statistically significant increasing trend in annual maximum streamflow. We postulate that this streamflow change is due to the increased precipitation extremes occurring during both the summer monsoon and the winter seasons. We further found a stepwise increase of “chi‐gradient” in Bhagirathi and Sutlej Rivers, indicative of a landscape that facilitates rapid flow of water generating severe floods downstream. Our results highlight the severity of hydroclimatic changes underway in the WH region and the critical need for a hydro‐infrastructure for flood forecasting to benefit more than 17 million inhabitants and for ecosystem services to mitigate increasing flood hazards.
Where Are White Roofs More Effective in Cooling the Surface?
Authors: Wang Linying , Huang Maoyi , Li Dan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBy reflecting more sunlight, white (cool) roofs experience lower surface temperatures and produce less heating of the surrounding air. The effectiveness of cool roofs, quantified by the surface temperature difference between cool and regular roofs (ΔTs), is known to vary spatially. A common perception is that ΔTs is controlled by solar radiation that reaches the roof surface. Here we use an Earth System Model and a surface energy balance model to show that the spatial variability of ΔTs, when normalized by the albedo difference between cool and regular roofs Δα, is also controlled by an energy distribution factor that encodes the efficiencies of surface energy balance components in dissipating heat. Our results suggest that painting the roof white is more effective when the roof has less water‐holding capacity and smaller thermal admittance and is located in places with more solar radiation, less precipitation, and lower wind speed.
Observation of a New Long‐Period (16‐s) Persistent Tremor Originating in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Xia Yingjie , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new persistent microseismic tremor, with a narrowband period centered near 16 s, was discovered in the primary microseism spectral peak by analyzing seismic waveforms recorded by African, European, and American seismometers. This tremor may generate coherent arrivals in noise cross‐correlation functions (NCFs), which could potentially bias ambient noise tomography. Using an envelope‐stacking method, we discovered that the 16‐s tremor source is in the coastal region of the Gulf of Guinea and is probably isolated from the previously reported 26‐s tremor source. The nature of the newly identified 16‐s tremor, like the 26‐ and 27‐s tremors, is similar to a volcanic tremor radiated by the Mayotte volcanic system, thereby suggesting that the excitation of all the Gulf of Guinea tremors may be related to volcanic activities. Thus, this study implies that there may still be active volcanoes in the gulf.
Overpressured Underthrust Sediment in the Nankai Trough Forearc Inferred From Transdimensional Inversion of High‐Frequency Teleseismic Waveforms
Authors: Akuhara Takeshi , Tsuji Takeshi , Tonegawa Takashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractActive‐source seismic surveys have resolved the fine‐scale P‐wave velocity (Vp) of the subsurface structure in subduction forearcs. In contrast, the S‐wave velocity (Vs) structure is poorly resolved despite its usefulness in understanding rock properties. This study estimates Vp and Vs structures of the Nankai Trough forearc, by applying transdimensional inversion to high‐frequency teleseismic waveforms. As a result, a thin (∼1 km) low‐velocity zone (LVZ) is evident at ∼6 km depth beneath the sea level, which is located ~3 km seaward from the outer ridge. Based on its high Vp/Vs ratio (∼2.5) and comparison to an existing seismic reflection profile, we conclude that this LVZ reflects a high pore pressure zone at the upper portion of the underthrust sediment. We infer that this overpressured underthrust sediment hosts slow earthquake activities and that accompanied strain release helps impede coseismic rupture propagation further updip.
Simulation of Deep Cycle Turbulence by a Global Ocean General Circulation Model
Authors: Pei Suyang , Shinoda Toshiaki , Wang Wanqiu , Lien Ren‐Chieh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeep cycle turbulence (DCT) is a diurnally oscillating turbulence that penetrates into a stratified shear layer below the surface mixed layer, which is often observed in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic above the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). Here we present the simulation of DCT by a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM) for the first time. As the k‐ε vertical mixing scheme is used in the OGCM, the simulation of observed DCT structure based on in situ microstructure measurements can be explicitly demonstrated. The simulated DCT is found in all equatorial ocean basins, and its characteristics agree very well with observations. Zonal and meridional variations of DCT in the entire equatorial Pacific and Atlantic are described through constructing the composite diurnal cycle. In the central Pacific where the maximum shear associated with EUC is deep, the separation of DCT from the surface mixed layer is much more prominent than other areas.
Nearshore Zone Dynamics Determine Pathway of Organic Carbon From Eroding Permafrost Coasts
Authors: Jong Dirk , Bröder Lisa , Tanski George , Fritz Michael , Lantuit Hugues , Tesi Tommaso , Haghipour Negar , Eglinton Timothy I. , Vonk Jorien E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCollapse of permafrost coasts delivers large quantities of particulate organic carbon (POC) to Arctic coastal areas. With rapidly changing environmental conditions, sediment and organic carbon (OC) mobilization and transport pathways are also changing. Here, we assess the sources and sinks of POC in the highly dynamic nearshore zone of Herschel Island‐Qikiqtaruk (Yukon, Canada). Our results show that POC concentrations sharply decrease, from 15.9 to 0.3 mg L−1, within the first 100–300 m offshore. Simultaneously, radiocarbon ages of POC drop from 16,400 to 3,600 14C years, indicating rapid settling of old permafrost POC to underlying sediments. This suggests that permafrost OC is, apart from a very narrow resuspension zone (<5 m water depth), predominantly deposited in nearshore sediments. While long‐term storage of permafrost OC in marine sediments potentially limits biodegradation and its subsequent release as greenhouse gas, resuspension of fine‐grained, OC‐rich sediments in the nearshore zone potentially enhances OC turnover.