bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
About one transportation technology of construction cargo
Authors: Malafeyev O A , Redinskikh N D , Zaitseva I V , Orel Yu V , Shlaev D V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The model of shipping construction cargo from initial point to the destination point is formalized and studied in this paper. The possible shipping routes are represented as network. Each edge of such network is possible mode of cargo shipping (by rail transport, air transport). These edges compose the full route from the initial point to the final point. In the network there are several possible routes of cargo transportation from the initial point to the destination point. The choice of route by transportation organizer depends on the cost of cargo transportation. The transportation organizer chooses the optimal route according to the optimality principle, compromise solution.
Simulation of multi-agent interaction between mobile operators and users
Authors: Zaitseva I V , Malafeyev O A , Kefeli I F , Poddubnaya N V , Shuvaev A V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Game-theoretic models for two classes of players are considered in this paper. The first class will consist of mobile operators, who, based on information about competitors’ actions, will plan changes in prices for services. The second class will consist of dedicated user cohorts who, depending on the current situation, will plan their actions, namely, change or not change the operator. The presented models solve the problem of maximizing the income of mobile operators and minimizing the cost of communication by users. A turn-based game is considered where a possible strategy for a first-class player will be considered a non-zero price vector for the provided communication services. A possible strategy for a second-class player will be considered the sequence of choosing a mobile operator for each of the services. The payoff function of both classes players will be built at each stage. According to the winnings, there is a compromise solution for different classes of players.
Epigenetic mechanisms in Tendon Ageing
Authors: Riasat Kiran , Bardell David , Goljanek-Whysall Katarzyna , Clegg Peter D , Peffers Mandy J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionTendon is a composite material with a well-ordered hierarchical structure exhibiting viscoelastic properties designed to transfer force. It is recognized that the incidence of tendon injury increases with age, suggesting a deterioration in homeostatic mechanisms or reparative processes. This review summarizes epigenetic mechanisms identified in ageing healthy tendon.Sources of dataWe searched multiple databases to produce a systematic review on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in tendon ageing.Areas of agreementEpigenetic mechanisms are important in predisposing ageing tendon to injury.Areas of controversyThe relative importance of epigenetic mechanisms are unknown in terms of promoting healthy ageing. It is also unknown whether these changes represent protective mechanisms to function or predispose to pathology.Growing pointEpigenetic markers in ageing tendon, which are under-researched including genome-wide chromatin accessibility, should be investigated.Areas timely for developing researchMetanalysis through integration of multiple datasets and platforms will enable a holistic understanding of the epigenome in ageing and its relevance to disease.
Smell-Based Memory Training: Evidence of Olfactory Learning and Transfer to the Visual Domain
Authors: Olofsson Jonas K , Ekström Ingrid , Lindström Joanna , Syrjänen Elmeri , Stigsdotter-Neely Anna , Nyberg Lars , Jonsson Sara , Larsson Maria 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Human and non-human animal research converge to suggest that the sense of smell, olfaction, has a high level of plasticity and is intimately associated with visual-spatial orientation and memory encoding networks. We investigated whether olfactory memory (OM) training would lead to transfer to an untrained visual memory (VM) task, as well as untrained olfactory tasks. We devised a memory intervention to compare transfer effects generated by olfactory and non-olfactory (visual) memory training. Adult participants were randomly assigned to daily memory training for about 40 days with either olfactory or visual tasks that had a similar difficulty level. Results showed that while visual training did not produce transfer to the OM task, olfactory training produced transfer to the untrained VM task. Olfactory training also improved participants’ performance on odor discrimination and naming tasks, such that they reached the same performance level as a high-performing group of wine professionals. Our results indicate that the olfactory system is highly responsive to training, and we speculate that the sense of smell may facilitate transfer of learning to other sensory domains. Further research is however needed in order to replicate and extend our findings.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Assessing Survival in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Dong Yi-Min , Sun Jia , Li Yi-Xin , Chen Qian , Liu Qing-Quan , Sun Zhou , Pang Ran , Chen Fei , Xu Bing-Yang , Manyande Anne , Clark Taane G , Li Jin-Ping , Orhan Ilkay Erdogan , Tian Yu-Ke , Wang Tao , Wu Wei , Ye Da-Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide and continues to threaten peoples’ health as well as put pressure on the accessibility of medical systems. Early prediction of survival of hospitalized patients will help in the clinical management of COVID-19, but a prediction model that is reliable and valid is still lacking.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 628 confirmed cases of COVID-19 using positive RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. These patients were randomly grouped into a training (60%) and a validation (40%) cohort. In the training cohort, LASSO regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were utilized to identify prognostic factors for in-hospital survival of patients with COVID-19. A nomogram based on the 3 variables was built for clinical use. AUCs, concordance indexes (C-index), and calibration curves were used to evaluate the efficiency of the nomogram in both training and validation cohorts.ResultsHypertension, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and increased NT-proBNP values were found to be significantly associated with poorer prognosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The 3 predictors were further used to build a prediction nomogram. The C-indexes of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts were 0.901 and 0.892, respectively. The AUC in the training cohort was 0.922 for 14-day and 0.919 for 21-day probability of in-hospital survival, while in the validation cohort this was 0.922 and 0.881, respectively. Moreover, the calibration curve for 14- and 21-day survival also showed high coherence between the predicted and actual probability of survival.ConclusionsWe built a predictive model and constructed a nomogram for predicting in-hospital survival of patients with COVID-19. This model has good performance and might be utilized clinically in management of COVID-19.
CerealsDB—new tools for the analysis of the wheat genome: update 2020
Authors: Wilkinson Paul A , Allen Alexandra M , Tyrrell Simon , Wingen Luzie U , Bian Xingdong , Winfield Mark O , Burridge Amanda , Shaw Daniel S , Zaucha Jan , Griffiths Simon , Davey Robert P , Edwards Keith J , Barker Gary L A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
CerealsDB (www.cerealsdb.uk.net) is an online repository of mainly hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genotyping data. The CerealsDB website has been designed to enable wheat breeders and scientists to select the appropriate markers for research breeding tasks, such as marker-assisted selection. We report a large update of genotyping information for over 6000 wheat accessions and describe new webtools for exploring and visualizing the data. We also describe a new database of quantitative trait loci that links phenotypic traits to CerealsDB SNP markers and allelic scores for each of those markers. CerealsDB is an open-access website that hosts information on wheat SNPs considered useful for both plant breeders and research scientists. The latest CerealsDB database is available at https://www.cerealsdb.uk.net/cerealgenomics/CerealsDB/indexNEW.php.
Unicuspid aortic valve repair with bicuspidization in the paediatric population
Authors: Matsushima Shunsuke , Heß Alexander , Lämmerzahl Julia Renata , Karliova Irem , Abdul-Khaliq Hashim , Schäfers Hans-Joachim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Aortic stenosis or regurgitation that requires operations in children often results from unicuspid valve morphology. In all paediatric patients with this anomaly, we have performed unicuspid valve repair by bicuspidization, creating a new commissure via adding patch material. This study reviewed our experience with this procedure.

METHODS
All patients with a unicuspid aortic valve who underwent bicuspidization at ≤18 years of age between 2003 and 2018 were evaluated. Autologous pericardium had initially been used for cusp augmentation. Since 2014, decellularized xenogeneic tissue or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane has been applied.

RESULTS
There were 60 consecutive patients. The median operative age was 13 (1–18) years. Thirty patients had prior surgical or catheter valvuloplasties. Aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis and their combination were present in 22, 11 and 27 patients, respectively. Autologous pericardium decellularized tissue and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene were used in 45, 11 and 4 patients, respectively, without intraoperative conversion to valve replacement. The overall survival was 96% at 10 years with 2 late deaths. Twenty patients underwent aortic valve reoperation due to patch degeneration (n = 11), suture dehiscence of the patch (n = 3), subaortic stenosis (n = 3) or other reasons (n = 3). Freedom from aortic valve reoperation was 73% and 50% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Fifteen patients (25%) required valve replacement with pulmonary autograft (n = 14) or prosthesis (n = 1) 5.2 (0.2–13) years after bicuspidization at the age of 19 (10–32) years.

CONCLUSIONS
Bicuspidization is a safe and reproducible alternative to valve replacement with acceptable freedom from reoperation. It can serve as a bridge to valve replacement providing superior outcomes in adults.
Social support and postpartum adherence to HIV treatment: a community-based participatory research study in Russia
Authors: King Elizabeth J , Yakovleva Anna , Lisecki Shelbi R , Shastina Elena , Sukhova Natalia , Titina Elena , Legchilova Daria , Evdokimova Irina , Godunova Julia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
There are over 1 million people living with HIV in Russia, and less than half of them are on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Earlier in the epidemic, Russia was successful in implementing prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes; however, there is a gap in knowledge about postpartum adherence to ART among women living with HIV (WLHIV). The objective of our research study was to identify which factors are associated with postpartum engagement in HIV care and treatment in Russia.

Methods
We conducted a community-based participatory research study in five Russian cities. We surveyed 200 WLHIV who had given birth within the previous 24 months about their use of ART. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine which types of social support are associated with adherence to ART in the postpartum period.

Results
Less than half (40%) of mothers reported being adherent to ART. Multivariable analysis showed that having a supportive family environment [aOR = 2.64, 95% CI (1.91–5.83)], and active engagement with other HIV-positive mothers [aOR = 2.20, 95% CI (1.04–4.66)] were positively associated with postpartum adherence to ART. WLHIV who had more than one child were less likely to be adherent then WLHIV with just one child [aOR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.22–0.91)].

Conclusion
The support that new mothers have or do not have can play an important role in WLHIV adherence to ART. The findings from our study provide ideas for improving the likelihood that women will continue to engage in HIV treatment and care after pregnancy.
On QZ steps with perfect shifts and computing the index of a differential-algebraic equation
Authors: Mastronardi Nicola , Van Dooren Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we revisit the problem of performing a $QZ$ step with a so-called ‘perfect shift’, which is an ‘exact’ eigenvalue of a given regular pencil $\lambda B-A$ in unreduced Hessenberg triangular form. In exact arithmetic, the $QZ$ step moves that eigenvalue to the bottom of the pencil, while the rest of the pencil is maintained in Hessenberg triangular form, which then yields a deflation of the given eigenvalue. But in finite precision the $QZ$ step gets ‘blurred’ and precludes the deflation of the given eigenvalue. In this paper we show that when we first compute the corresponding eigenvector to sufficient accuracy, then the $QZ$ step can be constructed using this eigenvector, so that the deflation is also obtained in finite precision. An important application of this technique is the computation of the index of a system of differential algebraic equations, since an exact deflation of the infinite eigenvalues is needed to impose correctly the algebraic constraints of such differential equations.
Improved Sample Quality and Decreased Turnaround Time When Using Plasma Blood Collection Tubes with a Mechanical Separator in a Large University Hospital
Authors: Hétu Pierre-Olivier , Hobeila Sacha , Larivière François , Bélanger Marie-Claire 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Serum is commonly used for clinical chemistry testing but many conditions can affect the clotting process, leading to poor sample quality and impaired workflow. With serum gel tubes, we found a high proportion of sample probe aspiration errors on our Beckman AU5800 analyzers. We decided to implement the BD Barricor™ plasma tubes, and we validated an off-specification centrifugation scheme and verified that results obtained for 65 chemistry and immunochemistry tests were comparable to those obtained in serum gel tubes. Finally, we evaluated the impact of this new tube on sample error rate and laboratory turnaround time.

Methods
To validate centrifugation settings, 50 paired samples were collected in Barricor tubes and centrifuged at 1912 × g for 10 min or 5 min (off-specification). To compare serum gel tubes with Barricor plasma tubes, 119 paired samples were collected from volunteers and results were analyzed using weighed Deming regression. Finally, the proportion of aspiration errors and laboratory TAT for potassium were measured before and after implementing Barricor tubes.

Results
Barricor tubes showed clinically acceptable equivalence to serum gel tubes for the studied analytes, and the off-specification centrifugation scheme did not affect the results. Implementing Barricor tubes improved the laboratory workflow by decreasing the aspiration error rates (2.01% to 0.77%, P &lt; 0.001) and lowering hemolysis (P &lt; 0.001). The laboratory TAT for potassium were also significantly lowered (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Use of Barricor tubes instead of serum gel tubes leads to better sample quality, shorter more reproducible laboratory TAT, and decreases costs associated with error management.
Evaluation of the Online-Presence of ABA-Verified Burn Centers
Authors: Tapking Christian , Popp Daniel , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Houschyar Khosrow S , Haug Valentin , Boson Alexis L , Benedikt Stefan , Branski Ludwik Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrently, patients seek healthcare information online. An up-to-date online presence is vital for success among the competition amid hospitals. Hospital websites have become an important medium to communicate with patients, provide information about certain diseases/conditions, and advertise healthcare services. This study aims to evaluate burn centers websites verified by the American Burn Association (ABA). The online presence of the 73 ABA-verified burn centers was evaluated according to criteria previously published by Benedikt et al. This included general information on burns, first aid, treatment at the burn unit, research, and education. ABA-verified burn centers were then compared with 48 German-speaking burn centers evaluated by Benedikt et al. Online information about patient care including treatment options and techniques was more often present in ABA-verified burn centers. However, this information was still provided in only half of the websites. Furthermore, ABA-verified burn centers more often used multimedia-based elements and social media platforms. On the other hand, German-speaking burn centers more often provided translations, general information (eg, staff and ward) about the burn center, as well as research and education. This study demonstrates that although many burn centers have well-designed websites, relevant burn-related information on patient care, research, and education is often missing or sparse. Today, most patients look for healthcare information online. Also, applicants for residency or fellowship programs tend to get a first picture of their potential employer on websites or social media. Keeping websites and social media up-to-date and informative can improve recruitment of patients and employees.
Cold Nights, City Lights: Artificial Light at Night Reduces Photoperiodically Induced Diapause in Urban and Rural Populations ofAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Westby Katie M , Medley Kim A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the planet becomes increasingly urbanized, it is imperative that we understand the ecological and evolutionary consequences of urbanization on species. One common attribute of urbanization that differs from rural areas is the prevalence of artificial light at night (ALAN). For many species, light is one of the most important and reliable environmental cues, largely governing the timing of daily and seasonal activity patterns. Recently, it has been shown that ALAN can alter behavioral, phenological, and physiological traits in diverse taxa. For temperate insects, diapause is an essential trait for winter survival and commences in response to declining daylight hours in the fall. Diapause is under strong selection pressure in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse); local adaptation and rapid evolution has been observed along a latitudinal cline. It is unknown how ALAN affects this photosensitive trait or if local adaptation has occurred along an urbanization gradient. Using a common garden experiment, we experimentally demonstrated that simulated ALAN reduces diapause incidence in this species by as much as 40%. There was no difference, however, between urban and rural demes. We also calculated diapause incidence from wild demes in urban areas to determine whether wild populations exhibited lower than predicted incidence compared to estimates from total nocturnal darkness. In early fall, lower than predicted diapause incidence was recorded, but all demes reached nearly 100% diapause before terminating egg laying. It is possible that nocturnal resting behavior in vegetation limits the amount of ALAN exposure this species experiences potentially limiting local adaptation.
Using Time Series Models to Understand Survey Costs
Authors: Wagner James , Guyer Heidi , Evanchek Chrissy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Survey costs are an understudied area. However, understanding survey costs is critical for making efficient decisions about cost-error trade-offs, as well as to accurately project future costs. In this article, we examine a measure of survey costs—per interview costs—over time in a repeated cross-sectional survey. We examine both measurement issues and variability in costs. The measurement issues relate to the classification of various costs into the appropriate time period. We explore several issues that make this process of classification difficult. A time series analysis is then utilized to examine the trends and seasonality in per interview costs. Under the assumptions of our model, after removing the trend and seasonality components, the remainder is variation in costs. This approach allows us to treat survey cost estimates in a manner similar to any other survey estimate.
Detecting isolated stellar-mass black holes in the absence of microlensing parallax effect
Authors: Karolinski Numa , Zhu(祝伟) Wei 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Gravitational microlensing can detect isolated stellar-mass black holes (BHs), which are believed to be the dominant form of Galactic BHs according to population synthesis models. Previous searches for BH events in microlensing data focused on long time-scale events with significant microlensing parallax detections. Here we show that, although BH events preferentially have long time-scales, the microlensing parallax amplitudes are so small that in most cases the parallax signals cannot be detected statistically significantly. We then identify OGLE-2006-BLG-044 to be a candidate BH event because of its long time-scale and small microlensing parallax. Our findings have implications to future BH searches in microlensing data.
Viral CpG Deficiency Provides No Evidence That Dogs Were Intermediate Hosts for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pollock David D , Castoe Todd A , Perry Blair W , Lytras Spyros , Wade Kristen J , Robertson David L , Holmes Edward C , Boni Maciej F , Kosakovsky Pond Sergei L , Parry Rhys , Carlton Elizabeth J , Wood James L N , Pennings Pleuni S , Goldstein Richard A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to the scope and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic there exists a strong desire to understand where the SARS-CoV-2 virus came from and how it jumped species boundaries to humans. Molecular evolutionary analyses can trace viral origins by establishing relatedness and divergence times of viruses and identifying past selective pressures. However, we must uphold rigorous standards of inference and interpretation on this topic because of the ramifications of being wrong. Here, we dispute the conclusions of Xia (2020. Extreme genomic CpG deficiency in SARS-CoV-2 and evasion of host antiviral defense. Mol Biol Evol. doi:10.1093/molbev/masa095) that dogs are a likely intermediate host of a SARS-CoV-2 ancestor. We highlight major flaws in Xia’s inference process and his analysis of CpG deficiencies, and conclude that there is no direct evidence for the role of dogs as intermediate hosts. Bats and pangolins currently have the greatest support as ancestral hosts of SARS-CoV-2, with the strong caveat that sampling of wildlife species for coronaviruses has been limited.
THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF SUBGROUPS OF ELLIPTIC CURVES OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: Perret-Gentil Corentin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
By adapting the technique of David, Koukoulopoulos and Smith for computing sums of Euler products, and using their interpretation of results of Schoof à la Gekeler, we determine the average number of subgroups (or cyclic subgroups) of an elliptic curve over a fixed finite field of prime size. This is in line with previous works computing the average number of (cyclic) subgroups of finite abelian groups of rank at most $2$. A required input is a good estimate for the divisor function in both short interval and arithmetic progressions, that we obtain by combining ideas of Ivić–Zhai and Blomer. With the same tools, an asymptotic for the average of the number of divisors of the number of rational points could also be given.