bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Accidental Revolution: The ILO and the Opening Up of International Law
Authors: Klabbers Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the pioneering role of the ILO not in terms of its contribution to labour law, but in terms of its epistemic relevance: it was the first international organization which cut through the classic borderline between national law and international law. In order to do so, the article sketches pre-ILO legal doctrine, and discusses the creation and particular structure of the ILO at some length: why even create an organization to address labour issues, instead of concluding a convention? This is followed by outlining just how relevant the role of the ILO has been.
Phenomenology of inclusive $$ \overline{B}\to {X}_s{\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-} $$ for the Belle II era
Authors: Huber Tobias , Hurth Tobias , Jenkins Jack , Lunghi Enrico , Qin Qin , Vos K. Keri 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
With the first data being recorded at Belle II, we are at the brink of a new era in quark flavour physics. The many exciting new opportunities for Belle II include a full angular analysis of inclusive $$ \overline{B}\to {X}_s{\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-} $$

B
¯

→

X
s

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

which has the potential to reveal new physics, in particular by its interplay with the exclusive b → sℓ+ℓ− counterparts studied extensively at LHCb. In this paper, we present fully updated Standard Model predictions for all angular observables necessary for this endeavour. These predictions are tailored to Belle II and include an elaborate study of the treatment of collinear photons which become crucial when aiming for the highest precision. In addition, we present a phenomenological study of the potential for Belle II to reveal possible new physics in the inclusive decay channel, both in an independent manner and in combination with exclusive modes.
Momentum space CFT correlators for Hamiltonian truncation
Authors: Anand Nikhil , Khandker Zuhair U. , Walters Matthew T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider Lorentzian CFT Wightman functions in momentum space. In particular, we derive a set of reference formulas for computing two- and three-point functions, restricting our attention to three-point functions where the middle operator (corresponding to a Hamiltonian density) carries zero spatial momentum, but otherwise allowing operators to have arbitrary spin. A direct application of our formulas is the computation of Hamiltonian matrix elements within the framework of conformal truncation, a recently proposed method for numerically studying strongly-coupled QFTs in real time and infinite volume. Our momentum space formulas take the form of finite sums over 2F1 hypergeometric functions, allowing for efficient numerical evaluation. As a concrete application, we work out matrix elements for 3d ϕ4-theory, thus providing the seed ingredients for future truncation studies.
Renormalization group flow of Chern-Simons boundary conditions and generalized Ricci tensor
Authors: Pulmann Ján , Ševera Pavol , Youmans Donald R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe find a Chern-Simons propagator on the ball with the chiral boundary condition. We use it to study perturbatively Chern-Simons boundary conditions related to 2-dimσ-models and to Poisson-Lie T-duality. In particular, we find their renormalization group flow, given by the generalized Ricci tensor. Finally we briefly discuss what happens when the Chern-Simons theory is replaced by a Courantσ-model or possibly by a more general AKSZ model.
Next-to-next-to-leading-order radiative corrections to e+e− → χcJ + γ at B factory
Authors: Sang Wen-Long , Feng Feng , Jia Yu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework, we have computed the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^2\right) $$
O

α
s
2

corrections to the exclusive production of P-wave spin-triplet charmonia χcJ (J = 0, 1, 2) accompanied with a hard photon at B factory. For the first time, we have explicitly verified the validity of NRQCD factorization for exclusive P-wave quarkonium production to two-loop order. Unlike the χcJ electromagnetic decays, the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^2\right) $$
O

α
s
2

corrections are found to be smaller than the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αs) corrections in all three channels e+e− → χc0,1,2 + γ. In particular, the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^2\right) $$
O

α
s
2

corrections appear moderate for χc1 + γ case, and marginal for χc0 + γ. Moreover, the predictions in next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy for the production rates of χc0,1 + γ are insensitive to the renormalization and factorization scales. All these features may indicate that perturbative expansion in these two channels exhibits a decent convergence behavior. By contrast, both the $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αs) and $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^2\right) $$
O

α
s
2

corrections to the χc2 + γ production rate are sizable, which reduce the Born order cross section by one order of magnitude after including the NNLO perturbative corrections. Taking the values of the long-distance NRQCD matrix elements from nonrelativistic potential model, our prediction to χc1 + γ production rate is consistent with the recent Belle measurement. The NNLO predictions to the χc0,2 + γ production rates are much smaller than that for χc1 + γ, which seems to naturally explain why the e+e− → χc0,2 + γ channels have escaped experimental detection to date.
Gravitational duals to the grand canonical ensemble abhor Cauchy horizons
Authors: Hartnoll Sean A. , Horowitz Gary T. , Kruthoff Jorrit , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The gravitational dual to the grand canonical ensemble of a large N holographic theory is a charged black hole. These spacetimes — for example Reissner- Nordström-AdS — can have Cauchy horizons that render the classical gravitational dynamics of the black hole interior incomplete. We show that a (spatially uniform) deformation of the CFT by a neutral scalar operator generically leads to a black hole with no inner horizon. There is instead a spacelike Kasner singularity in the interior. For relevant deformations, Cauchy horizons never form. For certain irrelevant deformations, Cauchy horizons can exist at one specific temperature. We show that the scalar field triggers a rapid collapse of the Einstein-Rosen bridge at the would-be Cauchy horizon. Finally, we make some observations on the interior of charged dilatonic black holes where the Kasner exponent at the singularity exhibits an attractor mechanism in the low temperature limit.
Remarks on black hole complexity puzzle
Authors: Yoshida Beni 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Recently a certain conceptual puzzle in the AdS/CFT correspondence, concerning the growth of quantum circuit complexity and the wormhole volume, has been identified by Bouland-Fefferman-Vazirani and Susskind. In this note, we propose a resolution of the puzzle and save the quantum Extended Church-Turing thesis by arguing that there is no computational shortcut in measuring the volume due to gravitational backreaction from bulk observers. A certain strengthening of the firewall puzzle from the computational complexity perspective, as well as its potential resolution, is also presented.
The Baire Category of Subsequences and Permutations which preserve Limit Points
Authors: Balcerzak Marek , Leonetti Paolo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLet $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
be a meager ideal on $$\mathbf {N}$$
N
. We show that if x is a sequence with values in a separable metric space then the set of subsequences [resp. permutations] of x which preserve the set of $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
-cluster points of x is topologically large if and only if every ordinary limit point of x is also an $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
-cluster point of x. The analogue statement fails for all maximal ideals. This extends the main results in [Topology Appl. 263 (2019), 221–229]. As an application, if x is a sequence with values in a first countable compact space which is $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
-convergent to $$\ell $$
ℓ
, then the set of subsequences [resp. permutations] which are $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
-convergent to $$\ell $$
ℓ
is topologically large if and only if x is convergent to $$\ell $$
ℓ
in the ordinary sense. Analogous results hold for $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
-limit points, provided $$\mathcal {I}$$
I
is an analytic P-ideal.
Influence of drying mode and feed per tooth rate on the fine dust creation in pine and beech sawing on a mini sash gang saw
Authors: Rogoziński Tomasz , Chuchala Daniel , Pędzik Marta , Orlowski Kazimierz A. , Dzurenda Ladislav , Muzinski Tomasz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe experimental results of the study focused on the effect of drying processes of modified air drying and warm air-steam mixture drying of pine and beech wood on the size of sawdust particles created in cutting using PRW-15M sash gang saw, are presented in the paper. Particle size analysis of dry sawdust was performed using two methods—sieving method and laser diffraction analysis. The results showed that the drying process did not affect the general particle size distribution of the sawdust, but the content of very fine dust particles in beech wood sawdust is many times higher when the beech wood was dried in the warm air-steam mixture drying process and sawn at a feed per tooth of 0.105 mm.
Chirurgische Therapieoptionen bei spastischen Bewegungsstörungen der Extremitäten
Authors: Bahm Jörg , Hagemann Christian , Becher Thomas , Böttcher Richarda , Dussa Chakravarthy U. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schäden des 1. Motoneurons führen zu spastischen Lähmungen an den Extremitäten, die bei Kindern und Erwachsenen einschneidende Veränderungen der Bewegungsfähigkeit zur Folge haben und Lebensqualität sowie -teilhabe durch Funktionsverlust und Schmerzen einschränken.

Methode
Auf Grundlage eigener Behandlungserfahrungen in Verbindung mit einer PubMed-Literaturrecherche werden aktuelle Diagnose- und Behandlungsverfahren sowie deren Kombinationen vorgestellt.

Ergebnisse
Prinzipiell stehen Physio- und Ergotherapie mit vereinbarten alltagsrelevanten Therapiezielen, Medikamente (Botulinumtoxin und Baclofen) und Orthetik im Vordergrund. Chirurgische Maßnahmen an Muskeln, Sehnen, Gelenken und Knochen können dem betroffenen Patienten zu verbesserter Beweglichkeit, Wachstumskorrektur und vereinfachter Alltagsbewältigung verhelfen. Die selektive Neurektomie bei fokaler Spastik erlebt derzeit eine Renaissance. Die intrathekale Baclofentherapie kann bei entsprechend hoher Katheterlage auch eine Tonusreduktion an der oberen Extremität erreichen.
Snapshot hyperspectral imaging using wide dilation networks
Authors: Toivonen Mikko E. , Rajani Chang , Klami Arto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHyperspectral (HS) cameras record the spectrum at multiple wavelengths for each pixel in an image, and are used, e.g., for quality control and agricultural remote sensing. We introduce a fast, cost-efficient and mobile method of taking HS images using a regular digital camera equipped with a passive diffraction grating filter, using machine learning for constructing the HS image. The grating distorts the image by effectively mapping the spectral information into spatial dislocations, which we convert into a HS image by a convolutional neural network utilizing novel wide dilation convolutions that accurately model optical properties of diffraction. We demonstrate high-quality HS reconstruction using a model trained on only 271 pairs of diffraction grating and ground truth HS images.
Surgical interventions for external snapping hip syndrome
Authors: Randelli Filippo , Mazzoleni Manuel Giovanni , Fioruzzi Alberto , Giai Via Alessio , Calvisi Vittorio , Ayeni Olufemi Rolland 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Snapping hip is a common clinical condition, characterized by an audible or palpable snap of the hip joint. When the snap is perceived at the lateral side of the hip, this condition is known as external snapping hip or lateral coxa saltans, which is usually asymptomatic. Snapping hip syndrome (SHS) refers to a painful snap, which is more common in athletes who require increased hip range of motion. The aim of this article is to review the most common endoscopic techniques for the treatment of ESHS, as well as their results and limitations.

Methods
This is a review of the current literature of endoscopic surgical procedures and of the results of the treatment of external snapping hip syndrome.

Results
The pathogenesis of SHS is mechanical. The initial treatment attempt is conservative, and usually provides good results. Patients who do not respond to conservative management are candidate for surgery. The endoscopic release of the ilio-tibial band or the endoscopic release of the femoral insertion of the gluteus maximum tendon is the most popular technique.

Conclusion
Endoscopic techniques provide fewer complications compared to open surgery, a lower recurrence rate and good clinical outcomes. More comparative studies with a longer follow-up are required to adequate evaluate the full role of endoscopic techniques in periarticular hip surgery.

Level of evidence
Level V.
A New Class of History–Dependent Evolutionary Variational–Hemivariational Inequalities with Unilateral Constraints
Authors: Migórski Stanisław , Zeng Biao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study a new abstract evolutionary variational–hemivariational inequality which involves unilateral constraints and history–dependent operators. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solution by using a mixed equilibrium formulation with suitable selected functions together with a fixed-point principle for history–dependent operators. Then, we apply the abstract result to show the unique weak solvability to a dynamic viscoelastic frictional contact problem. The contact law involves a unilateral Signorini-type condition for the normal velocity combined with the nonmonotone normal damped response condition while the friction condition is a version of the Coulomb law of dry friction in which the friction bound depends on the accumulated slip.
Pre-therapy serum albumin-to-globulin ratio in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Pradere Benjamin , D’Andrea David , Schuettfort Victor M. , Foerster Beat , Quhal Fahad , Mori Keiichiro , Abufaraj Mohammad , Margulis Vitaly , Deuker Marine , Briganti Alberto , Muilwijk Tim , Hendricksen Kees , Lotan Yair , Karakiewic Pierre , F.Shariat Shahrokh ,   For the UTUC collaboration
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe accurate selection of patients who are most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an important challenge in oncology. Serum AGR has been found to be associated with oncological outcomes in various malignancies. We assessed the association of pre-therapy serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) with pathologic response and oncological outcomes in patients treated with neoadjuvant platin-based chemotherapy followed by radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for clinically non-metastatic UTUC.MethodsWe retrospectively included all clinically non-metastatic patients from a multicentric database who had neoadjuvant platin-based chemotherapy and RNU for UTUC. After assessing the pretreatment AGR cut‐off value, we found 1.42 to have the maximum Youden index value. The overall population was therefore divided into two AGR groups using this cut‐off (low, < 1.42 vs high, ≥ 1.42).A logistic regression was performed to measure the association with pathologic response after NAC. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses tested the association of AGR with OS and RFS.ResultsOf 172 patients, 58 (34%) patients had an AGR < 1.42. Median follow-up was 26 (IQR 11–56) months. In logistic regression, low AGR was not associated with pathologic response. On univariable analyses, pre-therapy serum AGR was neither associated with OS HR 1.15 (95% CI 0.77–1.74;p = 0.47) nor RFS HR 1.48 (95% CI 0.98–1.22;p = 0.06). These results remained true regardless of the response to NAC.ConclusionPre-therapy low serum AGR before NAC followed by RNU for clinically high-risk UTUC was not associated with pathological response or long-term oncological outcomes. Biomarkers that can complement clinical factors in UTUC are needed as clinical staging and risk stratification are still suboptimal leading to both over and under treatment despite the availability of effective therapies.
Is the cochlear implant a successful long-term solution for single-sided deaf and asymmetric hearing-impaired patients?
Authors: Speck Iva , Challier Pascal , Wesarg Thomas , Jakob Till Fabian , Aschendorff Antje , Hassepass Frederike , Arndt Susan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the long-term results of cochlear implant (CI) recipients with asymmetric hearing loss (AHL) or single-sided deafness (SSD). We focused on wearing behavior, audiometric hearing rehabilitation, and subjective benefits of the CI. CI is expected to improve audiological results, subjective hearing perception, and tinnitus burden.

Methods
Speech recognition in background noise and sound localization were assessed preoperatively and after at least six years of CI experience. Validated questionnaires determined the subjective benefit of CI use and the subjective evaluation of tinnitus.

Results
Over 80% of the included AHL and SSD CI recipients used their CI between 6 and 10 h daily; four subjects with SSD were non-users. Speech recognition in background noise and sound localization improved significantly compared with the unaided preoperative situation. Additionally, CI improved subjective speech intelligibility and spatial hearing impression while reducing tinnitus burden.

Conclusion
Subjects with AHL and SSD benefit from CI, subjectively and audiologically. Cochlear implant is a successful long-term treatment for AHL and SSD.
Prevalence of pigeon rotavirus infections: animal exhibitions as a risk factor for pigeon flocks
Authors: Harzer Maxi , Heenemann Kristin , Sieg Michael , Vahlenkamp Thomas , Freick Markus , Rückner Antje 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA total of 289 cloacal swabs from pigeons from 29 different breeders in Germany were collected. In addition, samples from pigeons exhibited at shows were collected. The detailed health status of the pigeon flocks was recorded. Samples were analysed for the presence of the recently discovered pigeon rotavirus and pigeon circovirus. Pigeon rotavirus was found in 10.3% and pigeon circoviruses was found in 65.5% of sampled pigeon lofts. The study revealed a strong relationship between the attendance of shows and the occurrence of different clinical signs. The higher prevalence of pigeon rotavirus in exhibited animals indicates that exhibitions are a risk factor for the transmission of this pathogen.
Retention force of polyetheretherketone and cobalt-chrome-molybdenum removable dental prosthesis clasps after artificial aging
Authors: Mayinger Felicitas , Micovic Danka , Schleich Andreas , Roos Malgorzata , Eichberger Marlis , Stawarczyk Bogna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To examine the retention force of removable dental prosthesis (RDP) clasps made from polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and cobalt-chrome-molybdenum (CoCrMo, control group) after storage in water and artificial aging.

Materials and methods
For each material, 15 Bonwill clasps with retentive buccal and reciprocal lingual arms situated between the second pre- and first molar were manufactured by milling (Dentokeep [PEEKmilled1], NT digital implant technology; breCAM BioHPP Blank [PEEKmilled2], bredent), pressing (BioHPP Granulat for 2 press [PEEKpressed], bredent), or casting (remanium GM 800+ [CoCrMo], Dentaurum); N = 60, n = 15/subgroup. A total of 50 retention force measurements were performed for each specimen per aging level (initial; after storage [30 days, 37 °C] and 10,000 thermal cycles; after storage [60 days, 37 °C] and 20,000 thermal cycles) in a pull-off test. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, post hoc Scheffé and mixed models (p < 0.05).

Results
Initial, PEEKpressed (80.2 ± 35.2) and PEEKmilled1 (98.9 ± 40.3) presented the lowest results, while PEEKmilled2 (170.2 ± 51.8) showed the highest values. After artificial aging, the highest retention force was observed for the control group (131.4 ± 56.8). The influence of artificial aging was significantly higher for PEEK-based materials. While PEEKmilled2 and PEEKpressed showed an initial decline in retention force, all other groups presented no impact or an increase in retention force over a repetitive insertion and removal of the clasps.

Conclusions
Within the tested PEEK materials, PEEKmilled2 presented superior results than PEEKpressed. Although CoCrMo showed higher values after artificial aging, all materials exhibited sufficient retention to recommend usage under clinical conditions.

Clinical relevance
As RDPs are still employed for a wide range of indications, esthetic alternatives to conventional CoCrMo clasps are sought.
Transrectus sheath pre-peritoneal (TREPP) procedure versus totally extraperitoneal (TEP) procedure and Lichtenstein technique: a propensity-score-matched analysis in Dutch high-volume regional hospitals
Authors: Zwols T. L. R. , Slagter N. , Veeger N. J. G. M. , Möllers M. J. W. , Hess D. A. , Jutte E. , Brandsma H. T. , Veldman P. H. J. M. , Koning G. G. , Eker H. H. , Pierie J. P. E. N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeResults of the most commonly used inguinal hernia repair techniques often originate from expert centers or from randomized controlled studies. In this study, we portray daily-practice results of a high-volume, regional surgical group in the Netherlands, comparing TREPP (open (posterior) transrectus sheath pre-peritoneal) with Lichtenstein (open anterior) and TEP (endoscopic (posterior) totally extraperitoneal). We hypothesize that the TREPP shows more favorable outcome compared to the current gold standard procedures: TEP and Lichtenstein.MethodsBetween January 2016 and December 2018, 3285 consecutive patients underwent surgical treatment and were included for analysis. The outcome measures were postoperative pain, recurrence rate and other surgical complications. Propensity-score matching was used to address potential selection bias.ResultsAfter propensity-score matching, there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative pain in the TREPP group compared to the Lichtenstein group (TREPP 7.3% versus Lichtenstein 6.3%;p = 0.67) nor in TREPP compared to TEP (TREPP 7.4% versus TEP 4.1%;p = 0.064). There was no statistically significant difference in recurrences in the TREPP group compared to Lichtenstein (3.8% vs 2.5%;p = 0.42), nor in the TREPP versus TEP comparison (3.9% vs 2.8%;p = 0.55)ConclusionThis study compares TREPP with Lichtenstein and TEP in the presence of postoperative pain, recurrences and other adverse outcomes. After propensity-score matching, no statistically significant difference in postoperative pain or recurrences remained between either TREPP compared to Lichtenstein, or TREPP compared to TEP. Based on these results, TREPP, Lichtenstein and TEP showed comparable results in postoperative pain, recurrences and other surgical site complications.