bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to complementary feeding in the first year of life and risk of overweight at 24 months of age: changes from 2004 to 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts
Authors: Schneider Bruna Celestino , Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Assunção Maria Cecília Formoso , Matijasevich Alicia , Barros Aluísio J. D. , Santos Iná S. , Silveira Mariângela Freitas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComplementary feeding (CF) and overweight relationships during early childhood are inconsistent in the literature. We described the association of CF during the first year of life with risk of overweight at 24 months of age in the population-based 2004 and 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohorts (2004c and 2015c). CF introduction was evaluated at the 3 and 12 months’ follow-ups by asking mothers using a list of foods. Risk of overweight at 24 months of age was BMI-for-age z-score above +1sd from the median of the WHO 2006 growth standards. Our analyses included 3823 (2004c) and 3689 (2015c) children. Early introduction CF (before 6 months of age) prevalence in 2004c was 93·3 (95 % CI 92·5, 94·1) % and in 2015c was 87·2 (95 % CI 86·1, 88·2) %. Tea was the item introduced earlier in both 2004c (68·8 %) and 2015c (55·7 %). At 6 months of age, vegetable mash was the most introduced food in 2004c (33·5 %) and 2015c (47·9 %). Between 2004c and 2015c, the introduction of fresh milk decreased 82·1 to 60·5 % and yogurt from 94·4 to 78·1 % during the first year. Risk of overweight prevalence at 24 months was 33·0 (95 % CI 31·6, 34·5) % in 2004c and 32·0 (95 % CI 30·5, 33·5) % in 2015c. In 2015c, the adjusted odds of risk of overweight at 24 months were increased 1·66 and 1·50 times with the early introduction of fresh/powdered milk: plus water, tea or juice, and plus semi-solid/solid food groups, respectively. It is essential to reinforce the adherence to global recommendations on timely feeding introduction and encourage exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months of age to prevent child overweight.
Thermodynamic assessment of allocation of energy and exergy of the nutrients for the life processes during pregnancy
Authors: Semerciöz Ayşe Selcen , Yılmaz Bayram , Özilgen Mustafa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThermodynamic analyses are performed to quantify allocation of the nutritional energy and exergy to most of the life processes by pregnant mice. In these analyses, ‘internal work performance’ is calculated for the first time in the literature for metabolism during pregnancy and found substantially higher than the ‘external work performance’. Variation of the daily entropy generation rates and the daily internal work performance rates during the course of pregnancy showed a highly similar phasic behaviour. With the progression of the pregnancy, external work performance decreased and second law efficiency increased significantly. On the 13th day of pregnancy, net energy extracted from the food at the cellular energy metabolism subsystem was 15·0 kJ; approximately 3 kJ of it was employed for daily internal work performance, 0·8 kJ was allocated to daily external work performance and 0·8 kJ was stored in the adipose tissue without entering into the cellular energy metabolism subsystem. Heat generation in association with internal and external work performance was 9·1 and 2·2 kJ, respectively. Energy, pertinent to the first law, and exergy (useful energy), pertinent to the second law, balances are described graphically, and comparison of these plots showed that the total exergy of the nutrients allocated to internal and external work performance and heat generation is substantially smaller in magnitude when compared with those of energy balance.
Who Wants To Be a Politician? Basic Human Values and Candidate Emergence in the United Kingdom
Authors: Weinberg James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPublic faith in politicians and associated systems of governance is desperately low. At the same time, public opinion of politicians is characterized by a vernacular of psychological accusations pertaining to greed, self-interest and careerism. This article tests the verity of these claims by comparing quantitative data on the Basic Human Values (Schwartz 1992) of 106 UK Members of Parliament (MPs) and 134 unsuccessful parliamentary candidates with data collected from the British public in the seventh wave of the European Social Survey. It explores (a) how politicians differ psychologically from those they govern and (b) how personality characteristics such as basic values inform candidate emergence. The study finds that politics is a profession few ‘ordinary’ people care to enter. MPs attribute significantly more importance to Self-Transcendence values than the comparatively conservative population they govern, but the relative importance they ascribe to Power values seems to have an equally strong predictive effect on candidate emergence.
Kairomones fromEuschistus herosegg masses and their potential use forTelenomus podisiparasitism improvement
Authors: Tognon R. , Sant'Ana J. , Michereff M. F. F. , Laumann R. A. , Borges M. , Blassioli-Moraes M. C. , Redaelli L. R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTelenomus podisiAshmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is the most important egg parasitoid ofEuschistus heros(Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and its successful parasitism is related to their searching ability to find suitable hosts under a complex chemical environment using host-reliable cues. Thus, the objective of this study was to elucidate chemical substances on the external layer ofE. heroseggs and report its potential kairomonal activity onT. podisi. We tested female wasps in olfactometer system to synthetic compounds obtained from a chemical identification ofE. herosegg masses. The synthetic blend was also evaluated in parasitism tests under laboratory and semi-field conditions. We identified 31 substances from egg surface extracts, including monoterpenes, aldehydes and alkanes. Among those compounds, a synthetic solution including camphene, β-pinene, limonene and benzaldehyde-induced chemotaxic behaviour on the wasps and increased the parasitism onE. heroseggs, either in laboratory or semi-field test, suggesting its potential use toT. podisimanipulation and parasitism improvement.
PRIMITIVE RECURSIVE DECIDABILITY FOR THE RING OF INTEGERS OF THE COMPOSITUM OF ALL SYMMETRIC EXTENSIONS OF ℚ
Authors: JARDEN MOSHE , RAZON AHARON 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet ℚsymmbe the compositum of all symmetric extensions of ℚ, i.e., the finite Galois extensions with Galois group isomorphic toSnfor some positive integern, and let ℤsymmbe the ring of integers inside ℚsymm. Then, TH(ℤsymm) is primitive recursively decidable.
Effects of road salt on a free-living trematode infectious stage
Authors: Milotic D. , Milotic M. , Koprivnikar J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Many temperate freshwater habitats are at risk for contamination by run-off associated with the application of road de-icing salts. Elevated salinity can have various detrimental effects on freshwater organisms, including greater susceptibility to infection by parasites and pathogens. However, to better understand the net effects of road salt exposure on host–parasite dynamics, it is necessary to consider the impacts on free-living parasite infectious stages, such as the motile aquatic cercariae of trematodes. Here, we examined the longevity and activity of cercariae from four different freshwater trematodes (Ribeiroia ondatrae, Echinostoma sp., Cephalogonimus sp. and an unidentified strigeid-type) that were exposed to road salt at five different environmentally relevant concentrations (160, 360, 560, 760 and 960 mg/ml of sodium chloride). Exposure to road salt had minimal detrimental effects, with cercariae activity and survival often greatest at intermediate concentrations. Only the cercariae of Cephalogonimus sp. showed reduced longevity at the highest salt concentration, with those of both R. ondatrae and the unidentified strigeid-type exhibiting diminished activity, indicating interspecific variation in response. Importantly, cercariae seem to be relatively unaffected by salt concentrations known to increase infection susceptibility in some of their hosts. More studies will be needed to examine this potential dichotomy in road salt effects between hosts and trematodes, including influences on parasite infectivity.
A survey on blockchain-based platforms for IoT use-cases
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Jabed Morshed , Ferdous Md Sadek , Biswas Kamanashis , Chowdhury Niaz , Muthukkumarasamy Vallipuram 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) has recently emerged as an innovative technology capable of empowering various areas such as healthcare, agriculture, smart cities, smart homes and supply chain with real-time and state-of-the-art sensing capabilities. Due to the underlying potential of this technology, it already saw exponential growth in a wide variety of use-cases in multiple application domains. As researchers around the globe continue to investigate its aptitudes, a collective agreement is that to get the best out of this technology and to harness its full potential, IoT needs to sit upon a flexible network architecture with strong support for security, privacy and trust. On the other hand, blockchain (BC) technology has recently come into prominence as a breakthrough technology with the potential to deliver some valuable properties such as resiliency, support for integrity, anonymity, decentralization and autonomous control. Several BC platforms are proposed that may be suitable for different use-cases, including IoT applications. In such, the possibility to integrate the IoT and BC technology is seen as a potential solution to address some crucial issues. However, to achieve this, there must be a clear understanding of the requirements of different IoT applications and the suitability of a BC platform for a particular application satisfying its underlying requirements. This paper aims to achieve this goal by describing an evaluation framework which can be utilized to select a suitable BC platform for a given IoT application.
Declining trends in Hepatitis A seroprevalence over the past two decades, 1998–2017, in Pune, Western India
Authors: Deoshatwar Avinash R. , Gurav Yogesh K , Lole Kavita S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Reduction in seroprevalence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is known to be associated with improvements in socioeconomic conditions of the community. National Institute of Virology, Pune has been studying seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses in Pune region over the past four decades. In total, 1438 samples were collected from urban general (UGEN), urban lower socioeconomic stratum (ULSES) and rural (RURAL) populations of the Pune district. Based on estimates in previous studies, subjects were enrolled from age groups ‘6–10’, ‘15–25’ and ‘40 + ’ years. HAV seroprevalence in younger population showed a significant decline. A significant decline in HAV seroprevalence in ‘15–25’ years age group in UGEN (from 85.9% to 73.9%; OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25–0.86) and RURAL (from 98.6% to 91.4%; OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05–0.45) populations suggested that the trend probably started more than a decade ago. Seroprevalence of HAV among ULSES ‘6–10’ children was found to be significantly higher (70.4%) than that among the RURAL children (44.2%; OR = 3.0, 95%CI: 1.7–5.2) and UGEN children (40.4%; OR = 3.5, 95%CI: 1.8–6.7). In view of increasing rates of urbanisation in India, ULSES population needs special consideration while designing future studies and viral hepatitis vaccination/elimination strategies. Our findings call for robust population-based studies that consider heterogeneity within populations and dynamics of socio-economic parameters in various regions of a country.
Denotational semantics for guarded dependent type theory
Authors: Bizjak Aleš , Møgelberg Rasmus Ejlers 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a new model of guarded dependent type theory (GDTT), a type theory with guarded recursion and multiple clocks in which one can program with and reason about coinductive types. Productivity of recursively defined coinductive programs and proofs is encoded in types using guarded recursion and can therefore be checked modularly, unlike the syntactic checks implemented in modern proof assistants. The model is based on a category of covariant presheaves over a category of time objects, and quantification over clocks is modelled using a presheaf of clocks. To model theclock irrelevance axiom, crucial for programming with coinductive types, types must be interpreted as presheaves internally right orthogonal to the object of clocks. In the case of dependent types, this translates to a lifting condition similar to the one found in homotopy theoretic models of type theory, but here with an additional requirement of uniqueness of lifts. Since the universes defined by the standard Hofmann–Streicher construction in this model do not satisfy this property, the universes in GDTT must be indexed by contexts of clock variables. We show how to model these universes in such a way that inclusions of clock contexts give rise to inclusions of universes commuting with type operations on the nose.
Two females with coronary artery occlusion caused by presumed Kawasaki disease would have delivered without recognition of ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Tsuda Etsuko , Noda Takashi , Noguchi Teruo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report two females with coronary artery occlusion caused by presumed Kawasaki disease that delivered children without any special treatment. After a 58-year-old female had ventricular tachycardia, a giant coronary artery aneurysm with calcification at the bifurcation of the left coronary artery and segmental stenosis of the right coronary artery were pointed out by CT angiography. She had an episode of sepsis when 3 years old. Further, she remembered chest pain during sleep after that episode. She had delivered twice without any complication during her 20s. Her diagnosis was undiagnosed coronary artery lesions caused by presumed Kawasaki disease and a previous myocardial infarction, and she underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. The other 48-year-old female was accidentally discovered to have coronary artery calcification on CT, while experiencing pneumonia. Her CT angiograms revealed a right coronary artery occlusion and coronary artery calcification at segments 1, 6, and 11. She had a history of “scarlet fever” before 12 months. Premature ventricular contractions were detected, while delivering her first child when 31 years old. However, she was not diagnosed as ischaemic heart disease and delivered twice by a vaginal delivery without any complication. Current guidelines recommend systemic anti-coagulation and anti-platelet therapy for all patients with giant aneurysms resulting from Kawasaki disease in childhood. The two women reported here were fortunate not to have had complications during pregnancy and delivery despite their severe coronary artery aneurysms, which were unrecognised clinically until later in life. They were lucky cases.
From the St. Petersburg paradox to the dismal theorem
Authors: Cato Susumu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to consider the meaning of the dismal theorem, as presented by Martin Weitzman [(2009) On modeling and interpreting the economics of catastrophic climate change. Review of Economics and Statistics91, 1–19]. The theorem states that a standard cost–benefit analysis breaks down if there is a possibility of catastrophes occurring. This result has a significant influence on debates regarding the economics of climate change. In this study, we present an intuitive similarity between the dismal theorem and the St. Petersburg paradox using a simple discrete probability distribution.
Political Power, Religious Authority, and the Caliphate in Eighteenth-Century Indian Islamic Thought
Authors: ZAMAN MUHAMMAD QASIM 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines how Shah Wali Allah of Delhi (d. 1762), one of the most prominent scholars of eighteenth-century India whose thought has continued to be influential in many Muslim circles to the present day, conceptualized the interplay of political power and religious authority. Though several of Wali Allah's numerous writings have received considerable scholarly attention, this aspect of his political and religious thought has, oddly, been much neglected. A close reading of Wali Allah's writings reveals him to be keenly interested not just in the immediately relevant issues of the chronic political instability afflicting his age but also in the broader, theoretical, questions of how political power undergirds the moral force of religious norms and institutions. It is his unusually blunt but robust recognition that power is part of what enables a religious tradition to evolve and change that this article explores. That recognition—buried in writings that purport to be about the merits of Islam's first caliphs—has other important implications, too, notably for an understanding of the broad political context in which the sacred law itself undergoes change.
Low intake of dietary fibre among Brazilian adolescents and association with nutritional status: cross-sectional analysis of Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents data
Authors: Figueiredo Moreira Carolina Ferraz , Cople-Rodrigues Claudia dos Santos , Giannini Denise Tavares , Kuschnir Maria Cristina Caetano , de Oliveira Cecilia Lacroix 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate dietary fibre intake in Brazilian adolescents and its association with nutritional status.Design:This was a cross-sectional study including data from the Brazilian multicentre Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). Data analysed were geographic region, sex, age, nutritional status, sexual maturation stage, socioeconomic status, school type and level of physical activity. For nutritional status classification, BMI/age was used by sex. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h recall. Dietary fibre intake was expressed in g/d, and adequacy was determined using dietary reference intake (DRI) values. Complex sample design was considered in statistical analysis, and logistic regression was used to estimate OR for fibre intake and nutritional status.Setting:Brazilian municipalities with more than 100 000 inhabitants.Participants:A total of 71 740 adolescents aged 12–17 years were included.Results:The average total dietary fibre intake was 19·1 g/d (95 % CI 18·5, 19·7), and only 13·1 % (95 % CI 11·6, 14·7) of Brazilian adolescents reached the recommendations. The results of logistic regression analysis adjusted for geographic region, sex and type of school showed that overweight and obese adolescents were 1·6 and 1·8 times more likely, respectively, to have inadequate dietary fibre intake (P< 0·0001).Conclusions:Brazilian adolescents had a significantly inadequate dietary fibre intake. This was particularly notable in adolescents with excess weight. Education policies on nutrition must be implemented, as dietary fibre plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of obesity and other chronic diseases.
Validation of a revised General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Australia
Authors: Thompson Courtney , Vidgen Helen Anna , Gallegos Danielle , Hannan-Jones Mary 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to validate a nutrition knowledge questionnaire appropriate for use in Australia.Design:Nutrition knowledge is essential in establishing and maintaining strategies that reduce the burden of disease and promote wellbeing. The General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) was developed in the United Kingdom in 1999 and validated for Australia in 2008. Changes in national nutrition recommendations and food availability prompted the redevelopment and revalidation of the UK questionnaire in 2016. However, the Australian questionnaire had not been subsequently updated.Setting:Australia.Participants:Content validity was determined using a sample of academic dietitians in Australia (n8). Face validity was undertaken with retail employees (n11) whose highest level of education was secondary school. Ninety-three undergraduate nutrition and engineering students at Queensland University of Technology completed the questionnaire for construct validity, and nineteen students were contacted a week later for test–retest reliability.Results:In the 117-scored questionnaire, nutrition students scored consistently higher in each of the four sections and overall (87 %,M102, IQR 95, 107) compared with engineering students (77 %,M82, IQR 76, 87·25,P< 0·01). Internal reliability of the questionnaire was high (α= 0·92) as was test–retest reliability (rs= 0·96, ICC2,1= 0·99). AUS-R NKQ determined significant differences between individuals with known higher levels of nutrition knowledge and obtained high validity, reliability and consistency within an Australian sample.Conclusions:AUS-R NKQ refined through this research is valid and would be an appropriate questionnaire for assessing the effectiveness of nutrition knowledge-based interventions for public health programmes, clinicians and researchers.
Correlates of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption among adolescents
Authors: Beaulieu Dominique , Vézina-Im Lydi-Anne , Turcotte Stéphane , Guillaumie Laurence , Boucher Danielle , Douville Frédéric , Simard Dominic 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To identify correlates and underlying beliefs regarding the adolescents’ intention to abstain from consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and the consumption of ≤1 daily portion of SSB.Design:Correlational study.Setting:Region of Chaudière-Appalaches in the province of Quebec, Canada.Participants:311 adolescents aged 13–18 years completed a self-administrated online questionnaire based on the Reasoned Action Approach. Frequency and quantity of different types of SSB within the past month were measured.Results:Total mean SSB intake was 882·6 ml/d (654·0 kJ/d ). Only 11·3 % abstained from SSB within the last month. Intention to abstain from SSB was explained by identification as SSB abstainers (β = 0·47), perceived norm (β = 0·32), attitude (β = 0·30), age 13–14 years (β = –0·27) and perception of the school environment (β = 0·14), which explained 66 % of the variance. Consumption of ≤1 daily portion of SSB was explained by the intention to abstain (OR = 1·55; 95 % CI 1·14, 2·11), perceived behavioural control to abstain (OR = 1·80; 95 % CI 1·29, 2·52), sex (girls v. boys: OR = 2·34; 95 % CI 1·37, 3·98) and socio-economic status (advantaged v. disadvantaged school: OR = 2·08; 95 % CI 1·21, 3·56). Underlying beliefs (i.e. more energy, decreased risk of addiction and friends’ approval) associated with intention as well as perceived barriers (e.g. access to SSB, after an activity that makes you thirsty), and facilitating factors (e.g. access to water) linked to SSB consumption were identified.Conclusions:The results can inform public health interventions to decrease SSB consumption and their associated health problems among adolescents.