bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of HHV-6 as an etiologic agent in Hodgkin lymphoma and brain cancer using IARC criteria for oncogenicity
Authors: Wells Michael J. , Jacobson Steven , Levine Paul H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) is a ubiquitous double-stranded DNA virus that can cause roseola infantum, encephalitis, and seizure disorders. Several studies have shown an association between HHV-6 and cancer but confirmation of an etiologic role is lacking. We reviewed the criteria for viral causation of cancer used by The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) for six oncogenic viruses and applied criteria to published reports of HHV-6 and its association with Hodgkin lymphoma and brain tumors.MethodsOur major criteria for oncogenicity were finding evidence of the virus in every tumor cell and prevention of the tumor by an antiviral vaccine. Our six minor criteria included: 1) suggestive serologic correlation, such as higher virus antibody levels in cases compared to controls; 2) evidence of the virus in some but not all tumor cells, and 3) time space clustering. We focused on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as the primary virus for comparison as HHV-6 and EBV are both Herpesviridae, ubiquitous infections, and EBV is well-accepted as a human oncovirus. Particular attention was given to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and brain cancer as these malignancies have been the most studied.ResultsNo studies reported HHV-6 satisfying either of the major criteria for oncogenicity. Of the minor criteria used by IARC, serologic studies have been paramount in supporting EBV as an oncogenic agent in all EBV-associated tumors, but not for HHV-6 in HL or brain cancer. Clustering of cases was suggestive for both HL and brain cancer and medical intervention suggested by longer survival in patients treated with antiviral agents was reported for brain cancer.ConclusionThere is insufficient evidence to indicate HHV-6 is an etiologic agent with respect to HL and brain cancers. We suggest that methods demonstrating EBV oncogenicity be applied to HHV-6. It is important that one study has found HHV-6 in all cancer cells in oral cancer in a region with elevated HHV-6 antibodies and therefore HHV-6 can still be considered a possible human oncogenic virus.
Mash Screen: high-throughput sequence containment estimation for genome discovery
Authors: Ondov Brian D. , Starrett Gabriel J. , Sappington Anna , Kostic Aleksandra , Koren Sergey , Buck Christopher B. , Phillippy Adam M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The MinHash algorithm has proven effective for rapidly estimating the resemblance of two genomes or metagenomes. However, this method cannot reliably estimate the containment of a genome within a metagenome. Here, we describe an online algorithm capable of measuring the containment of genomes and proteomes within either assembled or unassembled sequencing read sets. We describe several use cases, including contamination screening and retrospective analysis of metagenomes for novel genome discovery. Using this tool, we provide containment estimates for every NCBI RefSeq genome within every SRA metagenome and demonstrate the identification of a novel polyomavirus species from a public metagenome.
Non-Interventional Factors Influencing Velopharyngeal Function For Speech In Initial Cleft Palate Repair: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors:   Cleft Multidisciplinary Collaborative, Sainsbury David , Williams Caroline , de Blacam Catherine , Mullen Joanne , Chadha Ambika , Wren Yvonne , Hodgkinson Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
This systematic review aims to inform the development of a screening tool which pre-operatively predicts which children are likely to develop velopharyngeal insufficiency, one of the causes of poor speech outcomes, following cleft palate repair. This would be highly beneficial as it would inform pre-operative counselling of parents, allow targeted speech and language therapy, and enable meaningful comparison of outcomes between surgeons, techniques, and institutions. Currently, it is unclear which factors influence speech outcomes. A systematic review investigating the non-interventional factors which potentially influence speech outcomes following cleft palate repair is warranted. This may be illuminating in itself or provide foundations for future studies.

Methods
A systematic review will be carried out according to Cochrane methodology and reported according to PRISMA guidelines (PLoS Med 6: e1000097, 2009). Systematic review software will be used to facilitate three-stage screening by two independent reviewers experienced in cleft lip and palate. Thereafter, data extraction and GRADE assessment will be performed in duplicate by five independent reviewers experienced in cleft lip and palate. Studies reporting the proportion of patients who were recommended or underwent secondary speech surgery for velopharyngeal insufficiency following primary surgery for cleft palate will be included.
The study findings will be tabulated and summarised. The primary outcome measure will be further speech surgery (either recommended or performed). The secondary outcome measure will be perceptual speech assessment for the presence of velopharyngeal insufficiency. A meta-analysis is planned. However, if this is not possible, due to the anticipated marked heterogeneity of study characteristics, pre-operative assessment, and the recorded outcome measures, a narrative synthesis will be undertaken.

Discussion
This systematic review may provide sufficient data to inform the development of a screening tool to predict the risk of velopharyngeal insufficiency prior to cleft palate repair. However, it is anticipated that these findings will provide the foundation for future studies in this area.

Systematic review registration
Registered on 19 December 2016 with PROSPERO CRD42017051624
Analysis of technical efficiency of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Chilga District, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Wassihun Agerie Nega , Koye Tigabu Dagnew , Koye Abebe Dagnew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Potato is one of the major staple crops in the Eastern and Central Africa sub-region. Its importance continues to rise due to increased urbanization and demand for potato is projected. This increase will definitely come with its share of challenges that need to be addressed. This study was aimed to measure the level of technical efficiency, yield loss due to inefficiency and identify the factors that influence the efficiency levels of potato producers’ in Chilga District. Primary data were collected from 150 farmers selected using multistage sampling procedure and analyzed using descriptive statistics, a parametric stochastic frontier production function models.

Results
The results of the study indicated that the minimum, maximum and average yields of potato production in the sample households were 1000, 36,000 and 13,108 kg/ha, respectively. The stochastic frontier and Cobb–Douglas functional form with a one-step approach was employed to analyze efficiency and factors affecting efficiency in potato production. The mean technical efficiency (TE) was found to be 46%, and about 17,782.43 kg of potato output per hectare was lost due to inefficiency factors implying there is a room for improvement in technical efficiency by 54% with the present technology. The Stochastic Production Frontier (SPF) result revealed that DAP at 5% and Oxen, MDE and seed at 1% probability level significantly influencing potato production. The socio-economic variables that exercised important role for variations in technical efficiency positively were age and improved seed and nevertheless distance to market was found to increase inefficiency significantly among farm household.

Conclusions
There is considerable difference in the efficiency level among plots. Hence if inputs are used to their maximum potential, there will be considerable gain from improvement in technical efficiency. The estimated SPF model together with the inefficiency parameters shows that age and improved seed variety were influenced by inefficiency negatively whereas distance to market increased the level of technical inefficiency.
Offenders with mental disorders in prison and the courts: links to rates of civil detentions and the number of psychiatric beds in England – longitudinal data from 1984 to 2016
Authors: Keown Patrick , McKenna Dannielle , Murphy Hannah , McKinnon Iain 
Published: November 2019

Background
The Mental Health Act in England and Wales allows for two types of detention in hospital: civil and forensic detentions. An association between the closure of mental illness beds and a rise in civil detentions has been reported.

Aims
To examine changes in the rate of court orders and transfer from prison to hospital for treatment, and explore associations with civil involuntary detentions, psychiatric bed numbers and the prison population.

Method
Secondary analysis of routinely collected data with lagged time series analysis. We focused on two main types of forensic detentions in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals and private units: prison transfers and court treatment orders in England from 1984 to 2016. NHS bed numbers only were available.

Results
There was an association between the number of psychiatric beds and the number of prison transfers. This was strongest at a time lag of 2 years with the change in psychiatric beds occurring first. There was an association between the rate of civil detentions and the rate of court orders. This was strongest at a time lag of 3 years. Linear regression indicated that 135 fewer psychiatric beds were associated with one additional transfer from prison to hospital; and as the rate of civil detentions increased by 72, the rate of court treatment orders fell by one.

Conclusions
The closure of psychiatric beds was associated with an increase in transfers from prison to hospital for treatment. The increase in civil detentions was associated with a reduction in the rate of courts detaining to hospital individuals who had offended.

Declaration of interest
None.
External Validation of Pretreatment Pathological Tumor Extent in Patients with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Plus Surgery for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Brinkmann Sebastian , Noordman Bo J. , Hölscher Arnulf H. , Biermann Katharina , van Klaveren David , Bollschweiler Elfriede , Pütz Katharina , van Lanschot J. Jan B. , Drebber Uta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
This study was conducted to validate a pretreatment (i.e. prior to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy) pathological staging system in the resection specimen after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. The study investigated the prognostic value of pretreatment pathological T and N categories (prepT and prepN categories) in both an independent and a combined patient cohort.

Methods
Patients with esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and esophagectomy between 2012 and 2015 were included. PrepT and prepN categories were estimated based on the extent of tumor regression and regressional changes of lymph nodes in the resection specimen. The difference in Akaike’s information criterion (ΔAIC) was used to assess prognostic performance. PrepN and ypN categories were combined to determine the effect of nodal sterilization on prognosis. A multivariable Cox regression model was used to identify combined prepN and ypN categories as independent prognostic factors.

Results
The prognostic strength of the prepT category was better than the cT and ypT categories (ΔAIC 7.7 vs. 3.0 and 2.9, respectively), and the prognostic strength of the prepN category was better than the cN category and similar to the ypN category (ΔAIC 29.2 vs. − 1.0 and 27.9, respectively). PrepN + patients who became ypN0 had significantly worse survival than prepN0 patients (2-year overall survival 69% vs. 86% in 137 patients; p = 0.044). Similar results were found in a combined cohort of 317 patients (2-year overall survival 62% vs. 85%; p = 0.002). Combined prepN/ypN stage was independently associated with overall survival.

Conclusions
These results independently confirm the prognostic value of prepTNM staging. PrepTNM staging is of additional prognostic value to cTNM and ypTNM. PrepN0/ypN0 patients have a better survival than prepN +/ypN0 patients.
Criterios para la construcción de un instrumento de evaluación funcional en pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular
Authors: García Alfonso Ariel , Navarro Guerra Héctor , Arencibia Abreus Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Introducción: ninguna escala simple, por diseño, es lo suficientemente abarcadora para evaluar de forma integral la función motora de pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV); sin embargo, es posible la selección de una batería de ellas para controlar las distintas etapas del proceso de rehabilitación. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los criterios que sirven de referencia para la construcción de un instrumento de evaluación funcional en pacientes con ecv. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Rehabilitation Measures Database, ebsco y Medline, donde se incluyeron escalas de evaluación funcional dirigidas al control de la postura, marcha, equilibrio, tono muscular, miembros superiores e inferiores y actividades de la vida diaria. Resultados: para la construcción de un instrumento de evaluación funcional se identificaron un total de trece criterios de referencia agrupados en: 1) criterios psicométricos y 2) criterios de diseño y aplicación. Utilizando estos criterios, se seleccionaron las escalas: Barthel Index, Action Research Arm Test, Ashworth Scale y 10 Meter Walk Test. Conclusión: las escalas seleccionadas brindan información sobre cuatro aspectos relevantes para la evaluación funcional y la práctica terapéutica: autocuidado, función motora, tono muscular y rendimiento físico, estrechamente relacionados con las principales áreas de trabajo durante el proceso de rehabilitación en pacientes con ECV. Los recursos materiales necesarios para su aplicación son mínimos y el tiempo estimado, a partir de la integración de sus tiempos parciales, no sobrepasa los 30 minutos.
Maximising intraosseous flow rates: an in-vitro study
Authors: Fenwick Robert , Nutbeam Tim , Lowther Ashleigh , Mann Tom 
Published: November 2019

Background: Attaching a different or using no extension set with intraosseous (IO) needles may affect the time taken to administer fluid. An in-vitro study measured this effect. Methodology: Three methods of administration were examined (10 experiments for each approach): a fluid-giving set directly placed in the IO needle hub (direct-to-hub: DTH); a fluid-giving set connected to the EZ-IO device extension set (EZ set: EZS); and a fluid-giving set connected to a simple three-way extension set (three-way set: TWS). Results: Mean times for administration were 317 s for DTH (SD=15 s), 322 s for TWS (SD=8 s) and 361 s for EZS (SD=19 s). This demonstrated a significant difference between the three groups (ANOVA significance p<0.0001). Conclusion: It may be possible for clinicians to increase IO flow rates by removing or replacing the extension set that is supplied with the EZ-IO needle set.
Location and stability of the triangular Lagrange points in photo-gravitational elliptic restricted three body problem with the more massive primary as an oblate spheroid
Authors: Arantza Jency A. , Krishan Sharma Ram 
Published: November 2019

The triangular Lagrangian points of the elliptic restricted three-body problem (ERTBP) with oblate and radiating more massive primary are studied. The mean motion equation used here is different from the ones employed in many studies on the perturbed ERTBP. The effect of oblateness on the mean motion equation varies. This change influences the location and stability of the triangular Lagrangian points. The points tend to shift in the y-direction. The influence of the oblateness on the critical mass ratio is also altered. But the eccentricity limit Â for stability remains the same.Â Â Â
Jurilinguistic Analysis in Translation, Comparative Law Practice. Translate the Letter or “The Spirit of the Laws”? The Case of the Code Napoléon
Authors: Gémar Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Translated texts sometimes reflect the targeted legal system’s conventional manner of writing law; however, the equivalence of the legal message must be realized. Translating law into another legal culture goes through a comparative analysis of the laws involved, the command of which is needed to achieve legal equivalence. The form of the target text must nevertheless correspond to its legal culture. Legal translation is then the meeting point of languages, cultures and laws. To succeed, this meeting must be based on an ad hoc knowledge of both laws. Then comparative law enters into play as the legal translator’s “fellow traveler”, whom it equips for the exchange. To realize it, “two intersecting receptions will suffice” (Carbonnier). This operation is successful when concepts and notions overlap and the letter of the law (the substance) and the law’s expression (the form) merge, demonstrating “the spirit of the laws”. Benchmarking is the way to reach this goal. It is conducted here under the light of jurilinguistics via the analysis of terms and concepts presenting various translation difficulties, which demonstrate the necessity of comparative law (I). A comparison of translations of the Napoleonic Code and other civil codes will complete the quest for the spirit of the laws by the way in which the letter or the spirit of the text to be translated is rendered (II). The lessons to be learned are aimed at language professionals, who will find in jurilinguistic comparative analysis a way to perfecting their work and, in the translations of the civil codes, a basis of reflection on the role and functions of translation.
Voraussetzungen von Nachhaltigkeit: Technische Entwicklungen bei den Fachinformationsdiensten
Authors: Harbeck Matthias , Kaun Matthias 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Fachinformationsdienste (FID) für die Wissenschaft stehen nach der Evaluation des Förderprogramms vor der Aufgabe, enger zu kooperieren und auf- bzw. miteinander abgestimmte Dienstleistungen bestenfalls gemeinsam zu entwickeln, zumindest aber vorhandene Services und Tools nachzunutzen. Ziel ist es, aus den für sich und ihre jeweilige Fachcommunity weitgehend unabhängig arbeitenden FID ein System zu formen, das zu einer abgestimmten, nachhaltigen Informationsinfrastruktur heranwächst. Grundlage hierfür sind vor allem gemeinsame technische Entwicklungen. Ein Beginn wurde durch die Einrichtung einer Arbeitsgruppe zu technischen Fragen gemacht. Diese Zusammenarbeit muss nun in beständige, transparentere und technisch unterstützte Bahnen gelenkt werden.
PubPharm – Gemeinsam von der informationswissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung zum nachhaltigen Service
Authors: Keßler Kristof , Kroll Hermann , Wawrzinek Janus , Draheim Christina , Wulle Stefan , Stump Katrin , Balke Wolf-Tilo 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig und das Institut für Informationssysteme (IfIS) der Technischen Universität Braunschweig kooperieren bei der Entwicklung innovativer Zugriffspfade für Informationsressourcen für den Fachbereich Pharmazie. Auf informationswissenschaftlicher Grundlagenforschung aufbauend werden Prototypen entwickelt und in engem Kontakt mit der Fachcommunity abgestimmt. Bei erfolgreicher Evaluation wird ein umfassender und nachhaltiger Service in den zentralen Dienst des Fachinformationsdienstes (FID) Pharmazie, die Rechercheplattform PubPharm, integriert.
Once-weekly supervised combined training improves neurocognitive and psychobehavioral outcomes in young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Suh Junghwan , Choi Han Saem , Kwon Ahreum , Chae Hyun Wook , Eom Soyong , Kim Ho-Seong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous studies investigating the beneficial effects of exercise in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are relatively insufficient compared to studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), due to the fear of hypoglycemia. Recently, several researchers have reported that combined aerobic and resistance exercise prevents hypoglycemia during and after exercise. Furthermore, exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on the psychological status of patients with various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise in adolescents with T1DM.

Methods
Thirty-five type 1 diabetic patients were enrolled, and subjects were divided into either an exercise group or a control group. Thirty patients (20 patients in the exercise group, 10 patients in the control group) completed the study. The exercise program was performed for 1 h at a time, once a week, for 12 weeks. Study parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after baseline evaluation.

Results
Combined aerobic and resistance exercise better controlled the body mass index (BMI), and also improved maximum muscular strength and maximum exercise intensity. On psychological tests, subjects’ attention and quality of life showed improving tendency, while their stress and behavioral problems diminished. The number of exercise events increased in the training group, while the daily total insulin dose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level showed no significant changes.

Conclusions
A 12-week structured exercise program consisting of aerobic and resistance exercises improves cardiovascular, neurocognitive and psychobehavioral functions, and positively helps lifestyle modification in patients with T1DM.
First description of an immature Sumatran striped rabbit (Nesolagus netscheri), with special reference to the wildlife trade in South Sumatra
Authors: Setiawan Arum , Iqbal Muhammad , Halim Amran , Saputra Rio Firman , Setiawan Doni , Yustian Indra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Sumatran striped rabbit (Nesolagus netscheri Schlegel, 1880) is the least known lagomorph in the world. This paper describes the first record of a young N. netscheri that was offered for sale (the size is approximately 52–56% of the adult), together with an adult, by a social media group in February 2018. The rabbits were reportedly obtained from the Dempo mountain, South Sumatra. Compared to previous descriptions of N. netscheri, the Dempo mountain specimens have longer ears (47–52 mm vs. 34–50 mm), shorter tails (9–15 mm vs. 17 mm) and shorter hindfeet (60–65 mm vs. 67–87 mm). The threats to N. netscheri are revisited and discussed.
Optimization of the process variables for treating cellulose fiber with NaOH/urea aqueous solution for improved water retention value and paper strength
Authors: Miao Yingju , Yan Chunzuo , Miao Yingchun , Jia Qingming , Ni Yonghao , Sun Tingcong , Han Shaozhong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cellulose fibers swell significantly in NaOH/urea solutions, and swelling increases with a decrease in temperature and an addition of urea. The combined effects of the factors of a pretreatment procedure (sodium hydroxide concentration, urea concentration, temperature, and time) and post-treatment conditions (medium, stirring speed, and time) of preparing fibers on the properties of pulp and the resulting paper sheets were investigated and optimized using single factor experiments. The optimum sodium hydroxide concentration (1 %), urea concentration (8 %), precooling temperature 0 °C, pretreatment time (12 h), post-treatment medium (7 %

(

NH

4

)

2

SO

4

{({\mathrm{NH}_{4}})_{2}}{\mathrm{SO}_{4}}

), post-treatment stirring speed (1500 rpm), and time (30 min) were obtained. Under the optimal conditions, the water retention values and tear, tensile, and burst indexes increased about 54 %, 277 %, 394 %, and 98 %, respectively. This work demonstrates that this technical route can effectively improve fiber swelling capacity and paper strength.