bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jewish Ethical Reflections on the Promises and Challenges of Mitochondria Replacement Therapy
Authors: Moise-Silverman Joshua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Orthodox Judaism is an ever-evolving religion, responding to changes in science, technology, medicine, etc. The evolution of thought within this religious tradition can be clearly examined in halakhic responses to assisted reproductive technology and the adoption of these technologies and procedures by the Orthodox Jewish community. A relatively new reproductive technology of great interest to the Orthodox community is mitochondrial replacement therapies (MRT). This article examines past and current decisions regarding reproductive technologies that are used when examining a new assisted reproductive technology. Additionally, close examination of these sources will elucidate whether MRT results in the conception and delivery of children who are “Jewish by birth” or how a child born via MRT can be considered Jewish, post-parturition.
Seeing Ourselves in Books: A Children's Book about Transracial Adoption and the Common Sense of Jewish Family and Identity in the United States
Authors: Mbuvi Amanda Beckenstein 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the children's book Rebecca's Journey Home, an American family's experience adopting a baby from Vietnam and navigating issues of race, religion, and nationality illuminates each of those modes of identity, as well as Jewish identity's distinctive relationship to them. Highlighting the parent-child dialogues within the book and among its readers, this article foregrounds the social processes involved in identity construction that are obscured by the view of identity as simply inhering in bodies. Although the book's portrayal of Jewish identity remains within the confines of American racial logic, it also points to the potential of Jewish tradition as a basis for reimagining belonging in ways that transcend the limitations of that approach to communal identity so that any body can be seen, without qualification, as a Jewish body.
‘Ik verblijf in een gevangenis, daar is niets moreels aan.’ Ervaren procedurele rechtvaardigheid bij binnenkomst in vreemdelingenbewaring.
Authors: de Gier Nicolien , Kox Mieke , Boone Miranda , Vanderveen Gabry 
Published: December 2020

‘Ik verblijf in een gevangenis, daar is niets moreels aan.’ Ervaren procedurele rechtvaardigheid bij binnenkomst in vreemdelingenbewaring.
Qualitative research in an immigration detention center in the Netherlands shows that detained unauthorized migrants consider the entry procedure in Immigration Centre Rotterdam procedurally just. These migrants are generally positive on the fairness of the entry procedure as their safety and welfare are guaranteed and existing procedural justice criteria are respected. However, they believe that immigration detention in itself is illegitimate and that they do not deserve to be detained. This shows that the focus on procedures and interactions is insufficient to understand the perceived legitimacy of immigration detention if shared values and consent with the legal basis of immigration detention are lacking.
Vrijheidsontneming, penitentiaire beginselen en de eendentest
Authors: Verbaas Frans-Willem 
Published: December 2020

Vrijheidsontneming, penitentiaire beginselen en de eendentest – Over de aard van vreemdelingenbewaring
In the Netherlands, immigration detention is classified under administrative law. More precisely: it is a form of administrative coercion. But immigration detention is also deprivation of liberty, or a habeas corpus measure. This makes it the most far-reaching form of administrative coercion you can think of. The regime and house rules of immigration detention differ just a little from those of criminal deprivation of liberty. The draft bill on the Return and Detention Act provides some improvements. For asylum seekers that cause nuisance, there is the Enforcement and Supervision Location, where the foreign national is given an area restriction and must remain within the municipal boundaries. Due to the liberty restrictions, immigration detention should always be the last resort.
Clinicopathologic Features of Tissue Granulomas in Transplant Recipients: A Single Center Study in a Nontuberculosis Endemic Region
Authors: Nussbaum Eliezer Zachary , Patel Kishan K. , Assi Roland , Raad Rita Abi , Malinis Maricar , Azar Marwan M. 
Published: December 2020

Context.—
There is a paucity of literature about tissue granulomas in transplant patients.

Objective.—
To characterize the clinicopathologic features of granulomas in this population and develop a clinically judicious approach to their evaluation.

Design.—
We performed chart reviews of solid organ and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients at Yale New Haven Hospital to identify patients with granulomas on biopsy obtained pathologic specimens. Pretransplant and posttransplant specimens were included. Data points included demographics, clinical presentation, epidemiologic risk factors, biopsy indication, location and timing, immunosuppression, histopathology, microbiology, and associated clinical diagnosis. Granuloma-related readmissions and mortality were recorded at 1, 3, and 12 months.

Results.—
Biopsy proven granulomas were identified in 56 of 2139 (2.6%) patients. Of 56, 16 (29%) were infectious. Common infectious etiologies were bartonellosis (n = 3) and cytomegalovirus hepatitis (n = 3). Tuberculosis was not identified. Clinical symptoms prompted tissue biopsy in 27 of 56 (48.2%) cases while biopsies were obtained for evaluation of incidental findings or routine disease surveillance in 29 of 56 (51.8%). Presence of symptoms was significantly associated with infectious etiologies; 11 of 27 (40.7%) symptomatic patients compared with 5 of 29 (17.2%) asymptomatic patients had infectious causes. One death from granulomatous cryptogenic organizing pneumonia occurred. In pretransplant asymptomatic patients, no episodes of symptomatic disease occurred posttransplantation.

Conclusions.—
Granulomas were uncommon in a large transplant population; most were noninfectious but presence of symptoms was associated with infectious etiologies. Granulomas discovered pretransplant without clear infectious etiology likely do not require prolonged surveillance after transplantation. Symptomatology and epidemiologic risks factors should guide extent of microbiologic evaluation.
Análise da produção científica sobre planejamento territorial [“territorial planning”] indexados na base de dados Scopus: perspectivas de novas pesquisas no campo da comunicação e participação social
Authors: Staloch Rubens , Rocha Isa De Oliveira , Lucas Elaine Rosangela de Oliveira 
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho analisa, do ponto de vista bibliométrico, um panorama no cenário mundial e especialmente no âmbito do Brasil sobre o termo “territorial planning”. Baseia-se na aplicação de métricas bibliométricas a partir da base de dados Scopus. Como resultado, a partir da discussão realizada, se verificou a ausência, ou incipiência, de publicações [artigos] que versam sobre planejamento territorial, participação e comunicação. E desta forma, se quer incitar novas e mais discussões acerca do assunto.
El derecho de acceso a la información pública en el marco del constitucionalismo multinivel y de la actual crisis sanitaria
Authors: Pérez Conchillo Eloísa 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en conectar dos cuestiones claves del constitucionalismo contemporáneo. En concreto, se vincularán problemas derivados del constitucionalismo multinivel con el derecho de acceso a la información pública en contexto actual. Se ha visto que la teoría del constitucionalismo multinivel suscita aun problemas metodológicos de integración que pueden causar dificultades en la interpretación de los derechos fundamentales. Esa falta de integración se revela de manera clara en relación con aquellos derechos que están ajustando su alcance y contenido a la luz de la realidad social del momento, y que además cuentan con diverso grado o forma de protección en atención al espacio constitucional en que se estudien. Esta idea es la que justifica la elección del derecho de acceso a la información pública como vehículo para poner de manifiesto algunas cuestiones pendientes de integración en el sistema multinivel. De un lado, el derecho de acceso a la información pública ostenta una relevancia democrática que sin duda alguna se ha visto reforzada en el marco de la actual crisis sanitaria del COVID-19. Podrá comprobarse en este sentido el papel esencial que viene desarrollando el derecho de acceso a la información pública en la gestión nacional e internacional de la pandemia para compensar arbitrariedades, falta de transparencia, inseguridad jurídica y todas las incertidumbres generadas por la propagación de desinformación. A este papel democrático esencial se suma otro dato relevante y es que el análisis del derecho de acceso a la información pública adquiere interés constitucional por sí mismo. Se trata de un derecho sumamente rico, que aporta matices en lo relativo a la interpretación de los derechos, puesto que es objeto de diferente grado o forma de protección a tenor del espacio constitucional en el que se analice (Consejo de Europa, Unión europea y ordenamiento interno español). De manera que, un acercamiento al derecho de acceso a la información pública permitirá reflejar algunas cuestiones pendientes para la interpretación de los derechos en el contexto multinivel.
Advancing a Baradian perspective on the field of identity work
Authors: Dille Maria Hvid 
Published: December 2020

Conceptualizing identity in processual terms as identity work has long been acknowledged within the broad field of critical management and organization studies. However, recent studies show that the process by which identities evolve is still under-explored. Although extant research has considered how discourse and other symbolic means play a part in this process, this article expands such perspectives by foregrounding the relationality of discourse-materiality in identity construction processes. Using the example of an empirical analysis taken from a case study within education in Denmark, the author examines the process of identity construction by considering the ways in which discourse-materiality works to perform identities. The author combines insights from new materialist thinking with organizational discourse studies in the development of an analytics to approach the process of identity construction – coined as identity intra-activity. In doing so, the article demonstrates how an informal middle-management positioning of selected teachers is performed within its organization. By advancing the notion of identity intra-activity, the findings enable an understanding of identity work as materialized by multiple discursive-material and embodied resources – all enacted in/through the teachers’ practices – creating a petri dish for examining the co-constitutive role of discourse-materiality and enabling new ways of thinking about identity work.
Pro-inflammatory effect of obesity on rats with burn wounds
Authors: Nie Chan , Yu Huiting , Wang Xue , Li Xiahong , Wei Zairong , Shi Xiuquan 
Published: December 2020

Objective
A burn is an inflammatory injury to the skin or other tissue due to contact with thermal, radioactive, electric, or chemical agents. Burn injury is an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Obesity is a significant public health problem, often causing underlying systemic inflammation. Studying the combined impact of burn injuries on obese patients has become critical to the successful treatment of these patients. The aim of this paper is to highlight the effect of inflammation associated with burn injuries on several body weight group in a rat study.

Materials and methods
Different degrees of obesity and burns were established in rats and divided into a normal weight group, overweight group, obese group, second-degree burn group, third-degree burn group, over-weight second-degree burn group, over-weight third-degree burn group, obese second-degree burn group, and obese third-degree burn group (20 rats per group). Changes in inflammatory factors and growth factor were measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after burns were inflicted.

Results
The ELISA test showed that in the unburned control group, MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α protein expressions in the obese and over-weight groups were higher than the normal-weight group (P < 0.05). RT-PCR test showed that the expressions of MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α genes in the obese group were higher compared to the overweight and normal weight groups (P < 0.05). Three and 7 days after burns were inflicted, the level of VEGF in the normal weight group was higher than the obese group (P < 0.05), however increased VEGF was not observed on days 1 and 14.

Conclusion
Burn injury and obesity have a mutually synergistic effect on the body’s inflammatory response.
Evaluation of Procalcitonin Serum Levels in Children Younger than Five Years Old with Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Sepahi Mohsen Akhavan , Moslemi Mohammad Kazem , Haeri Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2020

Background: Children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are posed to the danger of recurrent pyelonephritis, kidney scar and renal failure. Nowadays, the evaluation of VUR is carried out using different imaging methods that are accompanied with different limitations. Pediatricians usually look for other evaluation methods that are feasible, easy to implement and carries the least amount of danger to the patient.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of serum Procalcitonin (PCT) as a predictor of VUR instead of the voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG).
Methods: This case-control study was conducted from 2013 to 2014. One hundred and ten children younger than five years old were divided into two groups: (i) the case group with 76 children diagnosed with urinary tract infection (UTI) using urine culture test, and (ii) the control group with 34 healthy children. Serum levels of PCT were measured by a commercial kit. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by software SPSS.
Results: Of the samples, 69.1% of them had no VUR, 20% and 10.9% of the samples suffered from severe unilateral VUR and severe bilateral VUR, respectively. With regard to the level of serum PCT, 61.8% of the samples were positive. One-half of those samples (38 people) who was diagnosed to be healthy had a normal level of serum PCT. However, 30 people (88.2%) of the samples diagnosed to be healthy using VCUG had increased level of serum PCT. The positive and negative predictive values of the level of serum PCT were 44% and 90%, respectively. In this respect, 50% of the samples diagnosed by using level of serum PCT were false positive and 11.8% were false negative. The kappa score for the level of serum PCT was 0.3 (P < 0.0001). The positive predictive value of the serum level of PCT for the female and male samples were 43% and 50% respectively.
Conclusions: There was no statistically significant relationship between VUR and the serum level of PCT.
Effects of Pre-sowing Treatments and Abiotic Stress on the Germination of Ceratonia siliqua Seeds of Four Moroccan Biomes
Authors: Yatim Meriem , Kahkahi Rahal El , Sbata Ikram Es- , Askri Taoufik El- , ElOirdi Samia , Lakhlifi Tarik , Belhaj Abdelhaq , Hafidi Majida , Zouhair Rachid 
Published: December 2020

In order to improve the germination rate of carob seeds (Ceratonia siliqua L.), we studied the morphological characteristics of the fruits (pod and seeds, integumentary hardness and tolerance to abiotic stress of the seeds) of seven ecotypes of carob trees from four regions of Morocco. The fruits of its seven populations were studied according to seven discriminative characteristics relating to the pods (length, width, thickness, total number of seeds, total weight of the pulp, seeds per pod and yield of pods per tree) and four discriminative characteristics relating to the seeds namely length, width, thickness and total fresh weight of seeds. Integumentary hardness was evaluated by pretreating the seeds with boiling water and 95% sulfuric acid. Similarly, we also followed the evolution of water absorption by the seeds during 4 days and we evaluated on these seeds pre-treated, effects of different incubation temperatures (10°C, 25°C and 40°C), their tolerance to different concentrations of NaCl, PEG6000 (0MPa, -0.5MPa, -1MPa and -1.5MPa ) and their reversibility. The morphological characterization of the fruits allowed us to group the populations studied into three groups. Soaking the carob seeds in sulfuric acid for 20 minutes improved the germination rate and time. The evolution of water absorption makes it possible to distinguish two phases. The first phase is obtained during the first 24 hours and characterized by a rapid penetration of water, and second phase which lasts over the last 72 hours and which is characterized by a slow entry of water. The optimum temperature for germination of seeds from all provenances is 25°C. The germination behavior of carob under conditions of osmotic stress demonstrated a highly significant treatment effect (concentration of PEG6000) on the rate and mean time of germination and revealed that this species is very resistant to drought. This study also showed that, salt has a depressive effect on the average germination rate, time and length of radicles. The results of the reversibility test showed that the germination of seeds transferred from osmotic stress and salt stress (-0.5, -1 and -1.5MPa) and from the temperature of 40°C. is totally inhibited. On the other hand, seeds transferred from a temperature of 15°C resume germination under optimal conditions. This study allowed us to select a variety with high yield and tolerant to various biotic constraints.
Parameters Optimization of Edoxaban Extraction from Dried Plasma Spots
Authors: Zakabluk G. A. , Koval V. V. , Chernonosov A. A. 
Published: December 2020

Aims: Edoxaban is a direct-acting oral anticoagulant, being a highly selective, direct and reversible factor Xa inhibitor. Edoxaban is used to treat and prevent blood clots such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The dried spot technic, including dried blood spots and dried plasma spots, is used in many fields, from newborn screening to monitoring of therapeutic drugs in toxicology. In this case, equipment with a highly sensitive detector, such as a mass spectrometer, is required, as well as conditions for a high degree of drug recovery from the dried spot. In this work, the extraction of edoxaban from dried plasma spots (DPS) was studied to determine the optimal parameters of the extraction method.
Study Design: Analytical experimental study. Short Research Articles.
Place and Duration of Study: Core Facility of Mass Spectrometric Analysis, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, between August and October 2020
Methodology: The organic extraction method was selected for evaluation as the most suitable for LC-MS analysis. Several parameters were investigated to find the best combination for extracting edoxaban from DPS for further LC-MS analysis: percent organic solvent, presence or absence of 0.1% formic acid (FA), extraction time, volume, and temperature.
Results: The results showed that the extraction was influenced by the composition and volume of the solvent, but not temperature and time. Pure acetonitrile is the worst solvent for extracting edoxaban from DPS. The most optimal parameters are MeOH: 0.1% FA in H2O (70:30, v:v) solvent with an extraction temperature of 40 °C, an extraction time of 15 minutes and a solvent volume of 50 μl.
Conclusion: Several solvents suitable for LC-MS analysis can be used to recover edoxaban from DPS.
Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Patients Living With Vasculitis
Authors: Banerjee Shubhasree , George Michael , Young Kalen , Venkatachalam Shilpa , Gordon Jennifer , Burroughs Cristina , Curtis David , Ferrada Marcela , Gavigan Kelly , Grayson Peter C. , Kullman Joyce , Danila Maria I. , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Shaw Dianne G. , Benjamin Nowell W. , Merkel Peter A. ,   the Vasculitis Patient‐Powered Research Network
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the concerns and health‐related behaviors in patients with vasculitis during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in North America.MethodsPatients with vasculitis in North America were invited to complete an online survey through the Vasculitis Patient‐Powered Research Network in collaboration with the Vasculitis Foundation and the Relapsing Polychondritis Foundation. Questions focused on concerns and behaviors related to doctors’ visits, tests, medication, and telehealth use. Factors affecting their concern and health‐related behaviors were determined.ResultsData from 662 patients were included: 90% of patients were White, 78% were women, 83% expressed moderate or high levels of concern about COVID‐19, and 87% reported that their vasculitis moderately or extremely affected their level of concern. Older age, female sex, lung disease, and immunosuppression were associated with greater concern. Doctors’ visits, laboratory tests, and other tests were avoided by 66%, 46%, and 40% of patients, respectively. Younger age, urban location, higher income, higher concern levels, and prednisone use (>10 mg/day) were associated with greater likelihood of avoiding visits or tests. Ten percent of patients on immunosuppressive therapy stopped their medication. Twenty‐nine percent patients on rituximab avoided an infusion. Forty‐four percent of patients had telehealth visits; more visits were reported for younger patients, for patients on glucocorticoids, and in Canada versus the United States.ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, patients with vasculitis have high levels of concern and exhibit potentially harmful health‐related behaviors. Health care use varies across different demographic groups and geographic regions. Specific strategies are warranted to facilitate engagement of these patients with the health care system during the pandemic.