bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of root morphology, respiration and carboxylate exudation on carbon economy in two non‐mycorrhizal lupines under phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Funayama‐Noguchi Sachiko , Shibata Masaru , Noguchi Ko , Terashima Ichiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnder phosphorus (P) deficiency, Lupinus albus develops cluster roots that allow efficient P acquisition, while L. angustifolius without cluster roots also grows well. Both species are non‐mycorrhizal. We quantitatively examined the carbon budgets to investigate the different strategies of these species. Biomass allocation, respiratory rates, protein amounts and carboxylate exudation rates were examined in hydroponically‐grown plants treated with low (1 μM; P1) or high (100 μM; P100) P. At P1, L. albus formed cluster roots, and L. angustifolius increased biomass allocation to the roots. The respiratory rates of the roots were faster in L. albus than in L. angustifolius. The protein amounts of the non‐phosphorylating alternative oxidase and uncoupling protein were greater in the cluster roots of L. albus at P1 than in the roots at P100, but similar between the P treatments in L. angustifolius roots. At P1, L. albus exuded carboxylates at a faster rate than L. angustifolius. The carbon budgets at P1 were surprisingly similar between the two species, which is attributed to the contrasting root growth and development strategies. L. albus developed cluster roots with rapid respiratory and carboxylate exudation rates, while L. angustifolius developed a larger root system with slow respiratory and exudation rates.
Topical rapamycin for acanthosis nigricans in the Fitzpatrick IV/V adolescent population
Authors: Coerdt Kathleen M. , Todd Sarah P. , DeKlotz Cynthia M. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDermatologically, FGFR3 mutations can lead to acanthosis nigricans (AN), epidermal nevi, and seborrheic keratosis. A recent case report found that topical rapamycin (sirolimus) can improve FGFR3‐induced epidermal nevi with AN features in children, specifically with Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) I/II, and we would like to expand these findings to skin plaques with extensive AN‐like features in the FST IV/V adolescent population. An 18‐year‐old female with FST IV/V and FGFR3‐induced hypochondroplasia presented to our clinic with extensive AN‐like plaques. Significant improvement with lightening and thinning of the plaques was observed after applying 1% topical rapamycin cream twice daily. Topical rapamycin should be considered as a treatment option for AN, particularly in FST IV/V adolescents with FGFR3‐induced AN.
Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease among pediatric patients with hidradenitis suppurativa and the potential role of screening with fecal calprotectin
Authors: Lloyd‐McLennan Allison M. , Ali Sabina , Kittler Nicole W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPrevious studies have demonstrated an increased prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Whether the same association exists in pediatric patients is unknown. Fecal calprotectin (FC) is used to screen and monitor disease activity in IBD. There are no data on using FC to screen for IBD in pediatric patients with HS. Study objectives include a) assessing the prevalence of IBD among pediatric patients with HS; b) characterizing the IBD phenotype among pediatric patients with HS; and c) describing the use of FC as a screening tool for IBD in this population.Design/MethodsThis retrospective chart review was conducted at a single academic children's hospital. We included patients ≤18 years old diagnosed with HS between 2013 and 2018.ResultsWe identified 109 pediatric patients with HS. Six patients (6/109, 5.5%) were diagnosed with IBD, 83.3% (5/6) classified as ulcerative colitis. Almost half (53/109, 48.6%) of HS patients had gastrointestinal symptoms; of those, 11.3% (6/53) were diagnosed with IBD. FC was obtained in 8.3% (9/109) of HS patients overall and 66.7% (4/6) of HS patients diagnosed with IBD. Among patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, FC was obtained in 17.0% (9/53); endoscopy was performed in 24.5% (13/53). FC was elevated in all patients with IBD with an FC level. Of those with elevated FC, 80.0% (4/5) had IBD.ConclusionsPediatric HS may be associated with an increased prevalence of IBD suggesting that more widespread screening for IBD may be indicated. FC is infrequently used but may be a useful screening tool.
Confidence of pediatric trainees in dermatologic conditions, preferred learning styles, and suggested improvements to training
Authors: Browne Rachel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDermatological conditions in children often present initially to general pediatricians. Senior pediatric trainees in the UK were surveyed regarding their experience and confidence in diagnosis and management with skin conditions, and their satisfaction with postgraduate training. Confidence was reasonable in common conditions but lower for emergencies, reflecting a lack of exposure, and satisfaction with training was low. On the job learning and clinic attendance were felt to be most beneficial, alongside learning from specialist review, however dermatologists were not found to be accessible. Informal learning methods are key within postgraduate education and educators must maximise learning opportunities. Dermatologists can play a vital role by encouraging trainees to learn from feedback following specialist review.
Metastatic neuroblastoma mimicking an infantile hemangioma
Authors: Chiloeches Fernández Clara , Feito Rodríguez Marta , Rodríguez Bandera Ana , Quintana Castanedo Lucía , Ruiz Bravo Elena , de Lucas Laguna Raúl 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNeuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor malignancy in the first year of life. We present a rare case of a 5‐month‐old girl with an infraorbital tumor that simulated an infantile hemangioma clinically but was ultimately diagnosed as metastatic neuroblastoma.
Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides driven by DOCK8 immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Rubio‐Gonzalez Belen , Frieden Ilona J. , McCalmont Timothy H. , Dorsey Morna , Funk Tracy , Pincus Laura B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDOCK8 immunodeficiency syndrome (DIDS) represents a rare primary immunodeficiency associated with cutaneous viral infections, allergy, and increased risk of malignancy. We report a case of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides with spontaneous resolution occurring in a patient with DIDS.
Angioedema: A potential complication of dupilumab in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Fritz Andrea L. , Lacy Frank A. , Morrell Dean S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDupilumab is a relatively new and quite effective medication for recalcitrant atopic dermatitis in patients over 6 years of age. Here, we present a 12‐year‐old girl with progressively worsening episodic facial swelling and erythema while treated with dupilumab. This case highlights the possibility of angioedema as an adverse effect of dupilumab treatment.
Kawasaki disease presenting with hoarseness: A multinational study of the REKAMLATINA network
Authors: Gámez‐González Luisa B , Ulloa‐Gutierrez Rolando , Murata Chiharu , Yamazaki‐Nakashimada Marco A , Kim Elissa , Estripeaut Dora , del Águila Olguita , Garrido‐García Luis M , Gómez Virgen , Faugier‐Fuentes Enrique , Miño Greta , Beltrán Sandra , Cofré Fernanda , Chacón‐Cruz Enrique , Saltigeral‐Simental Patricia , Martínez‐Medina Lucila , Tremoulet Adriana H ,   the Kawasaki Disease REKAMLATINA Network, Astigarraga Norma 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, hoarseness affecting the supraglottic structure has been reported in Kawasaki disease (KD). The objective of this study was to characterize the frequency of hoarseness in acute KD patients in Latin America.MethodsWe used prospective data from the multinational Red de Enfermedad de Kawasaki en America Latina (REKAMLATINA) network. A total of 865 patients from 20 countries were enrolled during the 3 year study period. Data on hoarseness were available in 858 (99.2%) patients. The clinical and laboratory characteristics between hoarse and non‐hoarse KD were compared.ResultsHoarseness was documented in 100 (11.6%) patients. Hoarse patients were younger than those with KD without hoarseness (median age 18 vs 26 months; P = 0.002) and presented with lower hemoglobin (10.7 g/dL vs 11.3 g/dL; P = 0.040) and hematocrit levels (32% vs 33%, P = 0.048).ConclusionsHoarseness was found to be prevalent as a presenting sign of acute KD in younger children. Anemia may indicate the presence of active inflammation.
High‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy: Alternative respiratory therapy for severe post‐transplant hypoxemia in children with hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: Hamada Satoshi , Okamoto Tatsuya , Ogawa Eri , Sonoda Mari , Okajima Hideaki , Hirai Toyohiro , Handa Tomohiro , Uemoto Shinji , Chin Kazuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSevere post‐transplant hypoxemia, which is defined as <50 mm Hg of the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen (P/F) ratio, is a major post‐operative complication with high mortality rates in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS). Non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation therapy and mechanical ventilation are options for respiratory support of patients with severe post‐transplant hypoxemia. However, these therapies are associated with several problems, such as compliance, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, and lung injury. We here firstly described two children with HPS who developed severe post‐transplant hypoxemia (lowest post‐operative P/F ratio, 49.7 and 34.0 mm Hg, respectively) that was successfully managed with high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy and vasodilation drugs without adverse complications or necessity of reintubation. We consider that HFNC oxygen therapy could become a safe alternative respiratory therapy or be added to the other such as inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), methylene blue (MB), inhaled epoprostenol, embolization of abnormal pulmonary vessels, and combination of iNO and MB for severe post‐transplant hypoxemia in children with HPS.
Wittgenstein’s Conception of Hypotheses in Chapters XII and XXII of ‘Philosophical Remarks’ and the Function of Language
Authors: Franken Figueiredo Florian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I explore Wittgenstein’s conception of a hypothesis as articulated in Chapters XII and XXII of ‘Philosophical Remarks’. First, I argue that in Chapter XII, Wittgenstein draws on his account of infinity to begin to challenge the view that all hypotheses can be proven by empirical evidence. I then argue that in Chapter XXII that Wittgenstein sharpens this conception of hypotheses claiming that no hypotheses can be verified. Finally, I suggest that Wittgenstein’s conception of a hypothesis relates to his practical view of how language functions.
Two Brassica napus cultivars differ in gene expression, but not in their response to submergence
Authors: Wittig Philipp R. , Ambros Stefanie , Müller Jana T. , Bammer Bettina , Álvarez‐Cansino Leonor , Konnerup Dennis , Pedersen Ole , Mustroph Angelika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeavy rainfall causes flooding of natural ecosystems as well as farmland, negatively affecting plant performance. While the responses of the wild model organism Arabidopsis thaliana to such stress conditions is well understood, little is known about the responses of its relative, the important oil crop plant Brassica napus. For the first time, we analyzed the molecular response of Brassica napus seedlings to full submergence in a natural light–dark cycle. We used two cultivars in this study, a European hybrid cultivar and an Asian flood‐tolerant cultivar. Despite their genomic differences, those genotypes showed no major differences in their responses to submergence. The molecular responses to submergence included the induction of defense‐ and hormone‐related pathways and the repression of biosynthetic processes. Furthermore, RNAseq revealed a strong carbohydrate‐starvation response under submergence in daylight, which corresponded with a fast depletion of sugars. Consequently, both B. napus cultivars exhibited a strong growth repression under water, but there was no indication of a low‐oxygen response. The ability of the European hybrid cultivar to form a short‐lived leaf gas film neither increased underwater net photosynthesis, underwater dark respiration nor growth during submergence. Due to the high sensitivity of both cultivars, the analysis of other cultivars or related species with higher submergence tolerance is required in order to improve flood tolerance of this crop species. One major target could be the improvement of underwater photosynthesis efficiency in order to enhance submergence survival.
Donald Trump and the Parties: Impeachment, Pandemic, Protest, and Electoral Politics in 2020
Authors: Jacobson Gary C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo varying degrees, every postwar president has influenced opinions of, beliefs about, identification with, and voting for the president's party—just as partisanship has affected opinions of every president. During his three‐plus years in office, Donald Trump has had a stronger impact on public reaction to his party—and partisan priors have had a stronger impact on opinions of him—than any of his predecessors. This article reviews a selection of the evidence for this conclusion, considers why it pertains, and examines how attitudes toward the president and the parties have shaped and been shaped by reactions to signal events of Trump's presidency: his impeachment and acquittal, the coronavirus crisis, and the protests against racial injustice. It also considers Trump's past and prospective influence on the electoral fates of down‐ballot candidates and his longer‐term impact on the party coalitions.
Unmet Promises: Diminishing Confidence in Education Among College‐Educated Adults from 1973 to 2018
Authors: Miner Michael A. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis article asks: Does experience with education undermine confidence in the institution? If so, has this changed over time?MethodThis study uses mixed effects binary logistic regression on the General Social Survey (1973–2018).ResultsConfidence in the institution of education has declined over time. Those with a college degree are less confident in education and their confidence is diminishing over time. By 2018, those with a college degree indicated the lowest levels of confidence in education since 1973. These changes are distinct from general trends in institutional confidence. In fact, higher education is typically associated with more confidence in social institutions.ConclusionThese trends likely reflect the shifting rhetoric around the purpose and function of college education as well as the changing economic landscape of higher education. By focusing on long‐term changes to a key symbolic impact of higher education (i.e., public confidence in education), findings add to the existing literature on the material benefits and consequences of attaining a college degree.
Racial differences in attitudes to clinical pig organ Xenotransplantation
Authors: Padilla Luz A. , Hurst Daniel J. , Jang Kyeonghee , Rosales Johanna R. , Sorabella Robert A. , Cleveland David C. , Dabal Robert J. , Cooper David K. , Carlo Waldemar F. , Paris Wayne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn addition to an organ donor shortage, racial disparities exist at different stages of the transplantation process. Xenotransplantation (XTx) could alleviate these issues. This study describes racial differences in attitudes to XTx among populations who may need a transplant or are transplant recipients.MethodsA Likert‐scale survey was distributed at outpatient clinics to parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and kidney patients on their attitudes to pig organ XTx. Data from these two groups were stratified by race and compared.ResultsNinety‐seven parents of children with CHD (74.2% White and 25.8% Black) and 148 kidney patients (50% White and 50% Black) responded to our survey. Black kidney patients’ acceptance of XTx although high (70%) was lower than White kidney patients (91%; P .003). White kidney patients were more likely to accept XTx if results are similar to allotransplantation (OR 4.14; 95% CI 4.51‐11.41), and less likely to be concerned with psychosocial changes when compared to Black kidney patients (receiving a pig organ would change your personality OR 0.08; 95% CI 0.01‐0.67 and would change social interaction OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.07‐0.78). There were no racial differences in attitudes to XTx among parents of children with CHD.ConclusionThere are differences in attitudes to XTx particularly among Black kidney patients. Because kidneys may be the first organ for clinical trials of XTx, future studies that decrease scientific mistrust and XTx concerns among the Black community are needed to prevent disparities in uptake of possible future organ transplant alternatives.
Phylogeny of Veneridae (Bivalvia) based on mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Yi , Liu Hongyue , Kong Lingfeng , Yu Hong , Liu Shikai , Li Qi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVeneridae is one of the most diverse families of bivalve molluscs. However, their phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies have been debated for years. To explore phylogenetic relationships of Veneridae, we sequenced 13 complete mitochondrial genome sequences from eight subfamilies and compared with available complete mitochondrial genome of other Veneridae taxa (18 previously reported sequences). Phylogenetic analyses using probabilistic methods recovered two highly supported clades. In addition, the protein‐coding gene order revealed a highly conserved pattern among the same subclade lineages. According to our molecular analyses, Tapetinae should be recognized as a valid subfamily, but the genera formed para‐polyphyletic clades. Chioninae was recovered not monophyletic that differs from a previously molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, the reconstructed chronogram calibrated with fossils recovered the Veneridae have originated during the early Permian (about 290 million years ago). Noticeably, programmed frameshift was found in the nad4 gene of Leukoma jedoensis, Anomalodiscus squamosus and Antigona lamellaris and cob gene of L. jedoensis. This is the first time that the presence of the programmed frameshift has been found in the protein‐coding genes of Heterodonta species. Our results improved the phylogenetic resolution within Veneridae, and a more taxonomic sampling analysis of the subfamily Chioninae is supposed to construct.
Phylogenetic status and historical origins of the oviparous and viviparous gyrodactylids (Monogenoidea, Gyrodactylidea)
Authors: Boeger Walter A. , Kritsky Delane C. , Patella Luciana , Bueno‐Silva Marlus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses of sequences of the 18S rDNA and MT‐CO2 gene fragments indicated that the oviparous and viviparous gyrodactylid‐like monogenoids formed independent monophyletic clades within the Order Gyrodactylidea, supporting the reinstatement of the Oogyrodactylidae and limiting the Gyrodactylidae to the viviparous species. Analyses further indicated that the clade comprising the two families shared a common ancestor with the Udonellidae. Two clades, that of Aglaiogyrodactylus and that of Phanerothecium, were identified within the Oogyrodactylidae, while Onychogyrodactylus was shown to be polyphyletic and Oogyrodactylus basal within the family. One putative synapomorphy was identified for the Oogyrodactylidae, that is presence of a massive Mehlis’ gland. The Gyrodactylidae was limited to species having a viviparous mode of reproduction, although relationships within the family were generally poorly resolved. Several putative synapomorphies were found for the Gyrodactylidae, including viviparity and protogyny, a bulbous and armed MCO, absence of a vitellarium, and presence of a knob‐like deep anchor root (Fig. 3e). Ultrametric analyses suggested that the initial divergence of the clade of the gyrodactylid‐like monogenoids and Udonellidae occurred about 335 mya (based on the 18S rDNA fragment) and about 400 mya (based on the MT‐CO2 gene fragment). Using the 18S rDNA fragment and three calibration points, ultrametric analyses indicated that the Gyrodactylidae and Oogyrodactylidae diverged at approximately 278 mya, with initial diversification within the Gyrodactylidae (about 211 mya) occurring earlier than that of the Oogyrodactylidae (about 133 mya), the latter coinciding with the breakup of Gondwana and the initial diversification of the armoured catfishes (Loricariidae). Finally, diagnoses were provided for the Gyrodactylidae and Oogyrodactylidae along with a list of genera assigned to each family.
Selection underlies phenotypic divergence in the insular Azores woodpigeon
Authors: Andrade Pedro , Cataldo Daniele , Fontaine Rémi , Rodrigues Tiago M. , Queirós João , Neves Verónica , Fonseca Amélia , Carneiro Miguel , Gonçalves David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe study of phenotypic evolution in island birds following colonization is a classic topic in island biogeography. However, few studies explicitly test for the role of selection in shaping trait evolution in these taxa. Here, we studied the Azores woodpigeon (Columba palumbus azorica) to investigate differences between island and mainland populations, between females and males, and interactions between geographical origin and sex, by using spectrophotometry to quantify plumage colour and linear measurements to examine external and skeletal morphology. We further tested if selection explains the observed patterns by comparing phenotypic differentiation to genome‐wide neutral differentiation. Our findings are consistent with several predictions of morphological evolution in island birds, namely differences in bill, flight and leg morphology and coloration differences between island and mainland birds. Interestingly, some plumage and morphological traits that differ between females and males respond differently according to geographical origin. Sexual dimorphism in colour saturation is more pronounced in the mainland, but this is driven by selection on female plumage coloration. Differences in flight morphology between females and males are also more pronounced in the mainland, possibly to accommodate contrasting pressures between migration and flight displays. Overall, our results suggest that phenotypic differentiation between mainland and island populations leading to divergent sexual dimorphism patterns can arise from selection acting on both females and males on traits that are likely under the influence of natural and sexual selection.
Negative friction memory induces persistent motion
Authors: Mitterwallner Bernhard G. , Lavacchi Laura , Netz Roland R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract.We investigate the mean-square displacement (MSD) for random motion governed by the generalized Langevin equation for memory functions that contain two different time scales: In the first model, the memory kernel consists of a delta peak and a single-exponential and in the second model of the sum of two exponentials. In particular, we investigate the scenario where the long-time exponential kernel contribution is negative. The competition between positive and negative friction memory contributions produces an enhanced transient persistent regime in the MSD, which is relevant for biological motility and active matter systems.Graphical abstract