bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Grass and Forage Science – 75 years of impact and service to the science of grasslands
Authors: Smith Kevin F. , Elgersma Anjo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe year 2020 marks the 75th edition of Grass and Forage Science. From its beginnings as the Journal of the British Grassland Society, the journal has grown to be the major international journal with a primary emphasis on grasslands society. In this paper, to mark this anniversary we note the contributions of the editorial team, past and present, and the legacy of the journal by noting some of the highly cited papers published over the years and discuss the changing trends in science published in recent years. This includes an emphasis on the changing role of grasslands across the globe and the challenges that changing climate and altered production systems place on grazing agriculture. It is through the adoption of science that is being published now that the industries that we serve will be able to respond to these challenges.
Effect of pasture cover and height on nutrient concentrations in diverse swards in the UK
Authors: Bell Matt J. , J. Huggett Zoë , Slinger Kimberley R. , Roos Felicity 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA total of 445 pasture samples were collected from six fields representing a wide range of dry grass content (0–100%), and grass, legume, herb, flower and weed species. Fields were located in the grass‐dominated and temperate regions of western UK and monitored monthly for 9 months during late summer, autumn and winter months. The pasture properties assessed included measurements of percentage of grass content, height (in centimeters), pasture cover (fresh weight (FW) and dry matter (DM) in kg /ha) and pasture density (FW and DM in kg ha−1cm−1) and nutrient concentrations (DM, crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), sugars, ash, digestible organic matter in the DM (DOMD), oil, nitrate nitrogen and metabolizable energy (ME)). This study showed that across the pastures studied, increasing both pasture height and DM cover brought a desirable increase in crude protein, sugars, DOMD, oil and ME for grazing systems. Seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations of diverse swards will occur; however, differences in nutrient concentrations among swards can be minimized by the grass species present and/or mix with broadleaf plants, and management of grass maturity.
Metabolomic profiles of breath odor compounds for prognostic prediction in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: A pilot study
Authors: Jing Jing , Sang Xiu‐xiu , You Shao‐li , Zhu Bin , Cui Yan‐fei , Li Chun‐yu , Wang Zhong‐xia , Zhao Xu , Liu Xiao‐yi , Tian Miao , Ren Yue‐bo , Yu Si‐miao , Xiao Xiao‐he , Wang Jia‐bo , Niu Ming , Wang Rui‐lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to use a metabonomics approach to identify potential biomarkers of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) for predicting the prognosis of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF).MethodsUsing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, EBC metabolites of ACLF patients surviving without liver transplantation (n = 57) and those with worse outcomes (n = 45), and controls (n = 15) were profiled from a specialized liver disease center in Beijing. The metabolites were used to identify candidate biomarkers, and the predicted performance of potential biomarkers was tested.ResultsForty‐one metabolites, involving glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, as candidate biomarkers for discriminating the different outcomes of ACLF were selected. A prognostic model was constructed by a panel of four metabolites including phosphatidylinositol [20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)/13:0], phosphatidyl ethanolamine (12:0/22:0), L‐metanephrine and ethylbenzene, which could predict the worse prognosis in ACLF patients with sensitivity (84.4%) and specificity (89.5%) (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.859, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.787–0.931). Compared with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (AUC = 0.639, 95% CI = 0.526–0.753) and MELD‐sodium (MELD‐Na) score (AUC = 0.692, 95% CI = 0.582–0.803), EBC‐associated metabolite signature model could better predict worse outcomes in patients with ACLF (p < 0.05). Using the MELD‐Na score and EBC metabolite signatures, a decision tree model was built for predicting the prognosis of ACLF identified on logistic regression analyses (AUC = 0.906, 95% CI = 0.846–0.965).ConclusionEBC metabolic signatures show promise as potential biomarkers for predicting worse prognosis of ACLF.
The age and geochemistry of the Bardkish syenite, northwest Iran: Syenite formation during Neo‐Tethyan subduction
Authors: Jafari Amin , Moayyed Mohsen , Williams Ian S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircon from two representative samples of the Bardkish syenitic pluton, Urumieh plutonic complex, northwestern Iran, yielded a Late Cretaceous weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 91.1 ±0.8 Ma (Turonian). The pluton is characterized by high K2O content, Ti–Nb–Ta depletion, enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements compared to high field strength element, Mg‐rich biotite and calcic amphibole, suggesting a shoshonitic affinity. Geochemical features of the Bardkish syenite are consistent with derivation by fractional crystallization of initial mafic parent magmas. It is most likely that primary magma of the syenite originated from a metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle source with minor crustal component, and underwent a fractional crystallization process during its emplacement. The estimates of trapping pressures and temperatures suggest that crystallization began at the middle crustal level (less than 11 km) near 700–730 °C. The generation of the Bardkish syenite could be related to the subduction of Neo‐Tethyan oceanic crust beneath the Central Iranian microcontinent and it possibly marks a major magmatic episode prior to the final closure of the Neo‐Tethyan ocean in northwest Iran.
Dermatologic sequelae of breast cancer: From disease, surgery, and radiation
Authors: Milam Emily C. , Rangel Lauren K. , Pomeranz Miriam K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe care of breast cancer patients is important to dermatologists. Breast cancer’s initial presentation, clinical progression, and its associated treatments can result in a variety of cutaneous complications. Dermatologists may be the first to identify a breast cancer diagnosis, as a subset of patients first present with direct extension of an underlying tumor or with a cutaneous metastasis. The surgical treatment of breast cancer also begets a variety of skin sequelae, including postoperative lymphedema, soft tissue infections, seromas, pyoderma gangrenosum, and scarring disorders. Moreover, breast cancer radiation treatment commonly results in skin changes, which can range from mild and temporary dermatoses to chronic and disfiguring skin ulceration, fibrosis, and necrosis. Radiation may also precipitate secondary malignancies, such as angiosarcoma, as well as rarer dermatologic diseases, such as radiation‐induced morphea, lichen planus, and postirradiation pseudosclerodermatous panniculitis. Finally, breast cancer is also associated with an array of paraneoplastic phenomena, including Sweet’s syndrome and the rarer intralymphatic histiocytosis. Herein, we review the dermatological manifestations of breast cancer, including conditions associated with its presentation, progression, and treatment sequelae. Chemotherapy‐induced cutaneous side effects are beyond the scope of this review. This article provides a comprehensive review for dermatologist to be able to identify, diagnose, and manage breast cancer patients from initial presentation to treatment monitoring and subsequent follow‐up.
La dimension sociale du commerce international à la lumière du pluralisme de l'Organe d'appel de l'OMC
Authors: LANGILLE Joanna 
Published: November 2020

RésuméPour certains juristes du travail, les règles de l'OMC pourraient empêcher les États de sanctionner comme ils l'entendent les atteintes aux normes et droits relatifs au travail protégés par le droit national ou international, sur leur sol ou ailleurs. Cependant, dans sa jurisprudence, l'Organe d'appel de l'organisation a admis un certain pluralisme des règles, protégeant ainsi l'autonomie des État en matière réglementaire. Cette interprétation élargit également le champ des exceptions autorisées, et elle atténue la portée dérégulatrice de certaines dispositions du droit de l'OMC. De nombreuses mesures de protection des travailleurs pourraient donc devenir acceptables et compatibles avec les règles du droit commercial international.
Multimodal representational gestures in the transition to multi‐word productions
Authors: Murillo Eva , Casla Marta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the use of representational gestures from a multimodal point of view in the transition from one‐word to multi‐word constructions. Twenty‐one Spanish‐speaking children were observed longitudinally at 18, 21, 24, and 30 months of age. We analyzed the production of deictic, symbolic, and conventional gestures and their coordination with different verbal elements. Moreover, we explored the relationship between gestural multimodal and unimodal productions and independent measures of language development. Results showed that gesture production remains stable in the period studied. Whereas deictic gestures are frequent and mostly multimodal from the beginning, conventional gestures are rare and mainly unimodal. Symbolic gestures are initially unimodal, but between 24 and 30 months of age, this pattern reverses, with more multimodal symbolic gestures than unimodal. In addition, the frequency of multimodal representational gestures at specific ages seems to be positively related to independent measures of vocabulary and morphosyntax development. By contrast, the production of unimodal representational gestures appears negatively related to these measures. Our results suggest that multimodal representational gestures could have a facilitating role in the process of learning to combine meanings for communicative goals.
Isotopic (δ15N) relationship of pregnant females and their embryos: Comparing placental and yolk‐sac viviparous elasmobranchs
Authors: Baró‐Camarasa Isis , Marmolejo‐Rodríguez Ana J. , O'Hara Todd M. , Elorriaga‐Verplancken Fernando R. , Trejo‐Ramírez Abel , Martínez‐Rincón Raúl O. , Galván‐Magaña Felipe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNitrogen stable isotopes ratios (δ15N) were determined for selected tissues (muscle, liver, blood and yolk) of pregnant females and their embryos of a placental viviparous species, the Pacific sharpnose shark (Rhizoprionodon longurio), and a yolk‐sac viviparous species, the speckled guitarfish (Pseudobatos glaucostigmus). The R. longurio embryo tissues were 15N enriched compared to the same tissues in the pregnant female, using the difference in δ15N (Δδ15N) between embryo and adult. Mean Δδ15N was 2.17‰ in muscle, 4.39‰ in liver and 0.80‰ in blood. For P. glaucostigmus, embryo liver tissue was significantly 15N enriched in comparison with liver of the pregnant female (Δδ15N mean = 1.22‰), whereas embryo muscle was 15N depleted relative to the muscle of the pregnant female (Δδ15N mean = −1.22‰). Both species presented a significant positive linear relationship between Δδ15N and embryo total length (LT). The results indicated that embryos have different Δδ15N depending on their reproductive strategy, tissue type analysed and embryo LT.
Determination of soluble solids content and firmness in plum using hyperspectral imaging and chemometric algorithms
Authors: Meng Qinglong , Shang Jing , Huang Renshuai , Zhang Yan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHyperspectral imaging technology coupled with chemometric algorithms was investigated to determine soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness in plum. A model of determining SSC and firmness in plum was established and optimized. Hyperspectral images of two varieties of “Red” and “Green” plums were acquired by hyperspectral imaging acquisition system. Two methods of partial least square regression (PLSR) and principal components regression (PCR) were employed to establish models based on full spectra. The multiple linear regression (MLR) and error back propagation (BP) network were applied to establish simplified models based on characteristic spectra selected by the methods of successive projection algorithm (SPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS). By comparing the results of different modeling methods, CARS‐MLR model was the optimal models for predicting SSC and firmness with R2 P greater than 0.9 and 0.6, RPD above 3.7 and 1.8. Especially, for SSC (R2 P = 0.93, RMSEP = 0.57%, RPD = 3.73), for firmness (R2 P = 0.69, RMSEP = 0.63 kg/cm2, RPD = 1.81). Results showed that hyperspectral imaging technology coupled with chemometric algorithms is feasible to determine SSC and firmness, CARS‐MLR model was the optimal models.Practical applicationsSoluble solids content (SSC) and firmness are two significant quality attributes that determine fruit maturity and grade after harvest. Traditional methods for determining SSC and firmness are destructive, time‐consuming, and extremely affected by subjective factors. Hyperspectral imaging technology has the advantages of nondestructive, rapid, non‐pollution, and so on. The results demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging technology coupled with chemometric algorithms is feasible to determine SSC and firmness, and it can provide a theoretical basis to develop a real‐time detection system to determine the quality of fruits.
Metabolic activity assessment by 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing Yttrium‐90 transarterial radioembolization
Authors: Kim Do Young , Lee Hye Won , Kang Wonseok , Kim Gyoung Min , Won Jong Yun , Yun Mijin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and Aim18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a functional image technique that can inform clinical decisions related to prognosis. We investigated the predictive role of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing Yttrium‐90 (Y‐90) transarterial radioembolization (TARE).MethodsPatients with HCC treated with TARE and pre‐TARE PET/CT scan were recruited between 2009 and 2013. Maximum standardized uptake value and tumor‐to‐non‐tumorous liver uptake ratio (TLR) were measured. Tumor response was evaluated in accordance with modified RECIST criteria at 3‐month intervals after Y‐90 TARE.ResultsForty patients were included in the final analysis. The median age was 56.5 years and male predominant. Disease control in treated lesion was achieved in 82.5% (n = 33) of patients. During median 18.3‐month follow‐up, 27.5% (n = 11) of patients achieved progression‐free survival. The cutoff of TLR, which was related to the median value, did not affect disease control rate, progression‐free survival, and overall survival in patients with Y‐90 TARE.ConclusionsThe TLR‐based stratification may be a simple method, but our study did not show the usefulness in predicting prognosis in HCC patients with Y‐90 TARE. Further studies with large number of patients are needed.
Socio‐Legal Studies in 2020
Authors: WHEELER SALLY 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article looks back to a paper written by the author and Phil Thomas in 2000 on socio‐legal studies and reflects on what has changed in the world of socio‐legal studies since then. It then turns to the continued modesty of the claims that socio‐legal studies researchers make for their work. The suggestion made is that socio‐legal studies forms a social ecology in what is termed the ‘hyphen‐space’ and that through this space social ecology theory allows much larger claims to be made about how actors and issues at different levels and scales relate to each other. To this end, the article takes an issue, an artefact, and a broad classification of ‘people’ within the sphere of international commercial law to illustrate how social ecology can be used to broaden the claims that research makes.
Effectiveness of an intraoral thermoformed splint with magnet device in patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation: A pilot study
Authors: Dakovic Dragana , Mladenovic Rasa , Ristic Ljubisa , Jevtovic Radoslav , Videnovic Nebojsa , Bukumiric Zoran 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of intraoral thermoformed splint with a magnet device over a period of 3 months, that is, to assess acceptability of this method of treatment using both objective and self‐reported measures.Materials and methodsThis study was designed as a prospective clinical pilot trial. 22 patients with xerostomia and hyposalivation were included. Xerostomia was assessed using a 4‐question xerostomia questionnaire score and a test for unstimulated salivary flow rates. Evaluations were performed before the treatment and 3 months after the treatment using a thermoformed splint with a magnet device.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in subjective symptoms after using a thermoformed splint with a magnet device for 3 months. For all 4 scored items, there was a statistically significant difference (P < .001) in median VAS scores before and 3 months after treatment. There was also a statistically significant difference in USFR before (0,15 ± 0,04 ml/min) and after treatment (0,24 ± 0,03 mL/min).ConclusionOur findings indicate that the use of this device alleviated oral dryness and stimulated the function of the submandibular salivary gland. An intraoral thermoformed splint with a magnet device is safe, physiologically indifferent, useful, and effective in treating xerostomia and hyposalivation.
The effect of local taxes on firm performance: Evidence from geo‐referenced data
Authors: Belotti Federico , Di Porto Edoardo , Santoni Gianluca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of local property tax for businesses on firm performance by using a panel of Italian manufacturing firms. To identify this effect, we implement a pairwise spatial‐differenced estimator and exploit the exogenous variation in local property tax rates caused by the political alignment of local and central governments. We find that business property taxation has a sizeable negative impact on equipment, the more volatile part of tangible assets, employment, and value‐added. We interpret these results as evidence of a distortionary mechanism. When heavy equipment are included in the business property tax base, as was the case in Italy during our estimation period, business property taxation depresses investment and induces firms to also reduce output and downsize.
Rural Employment of Health Care Workers: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Walker Jasmine , Quaile Mary , Tumin Dmitry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposePreserving and increasing the health care workforce in rural areas has become imperative due to the shortage of health care workers serving rural populations. However, limited data are available on long‐term patterns of employment in rural settings among health care workers.MethodsWe analyzed the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which enrolled a nationally representative sample of adolescents in 1979 and tracked their career outcomes through 2016. Using the US Census Bureau occupation codes, we identified participants who worked in health care occupations, and we classified their employment in rural versus urban areas.FindingsOf the 1,007 respondents (including 109 doctoral health professionals), 70% worked only in urban locations, 13% worked only in rural locations, and 17% worked in both rural and urban locations during their health care career. Rural upbringing, White race, and female gender were associated with rural employment. Among nondoctoral health professionals, lower educational attainment was associated with increased likelihood of working only in rural settings.ConclusionOur study indicates the rural workforce is split between workers who are only employed in rural settings, and those who are intermittently employed in rural and urban settings. Therefore, retention of health care workers in rural settings and recruitment of workers from urban settings to practice in rural areas are important strategies for addressing the rural health care worker shortage. Rural upbringing, previously described as predictive of physician practice in rural locations, appears the strongest predictor of rural employment for both doctoral health professionals and nondoctoral health professionals.
Of literary jackfruits and the female sage: The colonial Bengali reception of George Eliot
Authors: Sarkar Abhishek , Das Ballari 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGeorge Eliot was read in select circles of the English‐educated colonial Bengali intelligentsia but her popularity was never unqualified. Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) in an 1882 essay recalls with admiration the passage inMiddlemarchabout a squirrel's heartbeat, but in an 1892 essay he compares her novels to a jackfruit (a large tropical multiple fruit) and suggests that each of her novels can be helpfully divided into several smaller ones. In the Bengali novelKahake(‘Whom?’; 1898) by Tagore's elder sister Swarnakumari Debi Ghosal (1855–1932), later translated into English asAn Unfinished Song(1913) by the author herself, four Bengali characters appear to be familiar with George Eliot's novels and one of these characters even claims George Eliot to be as great as Shakespeare in her own realm. But the enthusiasm shown by this fictional character was not necessarily replicated by real‐life Bengali readers of English novels in the long nineteenth century. Standard histories of Bengali literature never register George Eliot to be a major influence on the Bengali novel. Besides, her novels were hardly adapted in Bengali. The case made by some critics that Tagore's epic novelGora(1909–1910) was palpably influenced byFelix Holt, the Radicalis not widely accepted. A 1909 article published in the monthlyPrabasicalls Tagore the ‘George Eliot of Bengal’ because of the similarity between Tagore and George Eliot as regards the attention they give to the exploration of human psychology in their novels. The same article declares that George Eliot's novels are for the refined intellect and likely to be detested by the common reader. This article also observes that George Eliot's novels have been profitably read by many as lessons in psychology. This comment signals another tendency in the Bengali reception of George Eliot, that of hailing her as a (female) sage. This tendency is also seen in an 1885 article published in the monthlyBharati, which discusses her non‐fictional writing especially with respect to her affinity with Comte's Positivism and mentions her novels only in passing. The comments on George Eliot generated by the colonial Bengali elite seem to be aware of her gender but consistently highlight the intellectual appeal of her corpus irrespective of her gendered identity.