bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between timely opioid administration and hospitalization in children with sickle cell disease presenting to the emergency department in acute pain
Authors: Muslu Cagla S. , Kopetsky Matthew , Nimmer Mark , Visotcky Alexis , Fraser Raphael , Brousseau David C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines for sickle cell disease (SCD) pain crisis management recommend opioids within 60 minutes of emergency department (ED) registration and every 30 minutes thereafter until acute pain is managed. These guidelines are based on expert opinion without published, supporting data.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between timely ED opioid administration and hospitalization rates in children with SCD.MethodsRetrospective cohort of children presenting to a children's hospital ED with SCD pain between January 1, 2014, and April 30, 2018. Visits were extracted using ICD codes, chief complaints, and receipt of at least one opioid, and then reviewed to confirm the visit was an uncomplicated pain crisis. The primary outcome was hospitalization, yes or no. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine adjusted odds of hospitalization for the timely administration of initial and second doses of opioids.ResultsOf the 902 eligible visits, 368 (40.8%) resulted in hospitalization. The mean (SD) age was 11.9 (± 5.2) years. The first opioid was administered within 60 minutes of arrival in 601 (66.6%) visits. The second opioid was administered within 30 minutes of the first in 84 (12.3%) visits. Receipt of the first opioid within 60 minutes of arrival was not associated with decreased hospitalization (1.30 [0.96‐1.76]). However, receipt of the second dose within 30 minutes of the first was associated with decreased hospitalization (0.56 [0.33‐0.94]).ConclusionThis study suggests an association between children with SCD receiving a second dose within 30 minutes of the first opioid dose and decreased hospitalizations.
Effects of defects on the interfacial shear characteristics between graphene and poly (methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Xin Yuan , Duan Fangli , Mu Xiaojing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPullout simulations were conducted to investigate the interfacial shear properties between defective graphene (DGr) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) through molecular dynamics simulations with ReaxFF reactive force fields. The effects of number of defects (Stone‐Wales [SW] and double‐vacancy [DV] defects) were investigated. Our results showed that these two types of defects can obviously enhance the interfacial shear strengths of DGr /PMMA nanocomposites. And the DV defects have a greater contribution to the interfacial shear strength enhancement compared to the SW defects. Analysis of the morphology of DGr indicated that surface roughness, which was induced by defects, plays an important role in enhancing the interfacial shear strength at the interface between the DGr and PMMA. Moreover, the effects of chemical functionalization at the defect sites were also investigated. We observed that the CO bonds of functional groups (hydroxyls) at defect sites inclined from the datum plane (z = 0 plane) of the graphene sheet. The inclination of CO bonds, which weakened the mechanical interlocking between functional graphene and PMMA matrix, differently influenced by the DV defect and SW defect.
Cell structures, phase morphologies and impact toughness of phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone)/epoxy composite foams
Authors: Ding Yanyu , Zhou Chaoqian , Ren Baosheng , Zhang Aimin , Wang Guilong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThermoplastic phenolphthalein poly(ether ether ketone) (PEK‐C) /epoxy composite foams were prepared by free foaming process (Fre‐foams) and limited foaming process (Lim‐foams), respectively, and the effects of PEK‐C content and foaming methods on the cell structures, phase morphologies, and impact strength of epoxy foams were investigated. The results showed that the gas pressure in the bubbles promoted the resin curing process and polymerization‐induced phase separation process (PIPS) during the free foaming process, while the resin curing process and PIPS were highly constrained in Lim‐foams. The incorporation of PEK‐C in the Fre‐foams showed superior improvement in impact strength compared with the PEK‐C/epoxy Lim‐foams. By adding 12 wt% PEK‐C, the specific impact strength of Fre‐foams could be enhanced by 72%, and the improved specific impact strength was because the phase‐inverted structures could prevent crack initiation and propagation, and moreover the presence of PEK‐C led to significantly refine cell structure and reduce foam density. Interestingly, the impact strength of Lim‐foams was nearly independent on the PEK‐C content, it was attributed to the obviously increased cell size with increasing PEK‐C content, and also that the phase separation process was not carried out.
Water‐dispersible polyaniline‐carbon nanotubes composites with interface covalent bond and their enhanced electrochemical and electrochromic properties
Authors: Wang Yuancheng , Xiong Shanxin , Wang Xiaoqin , Chu Jia , Zhang Runlan , Wu Bohua , Gong Ming , Qu Mengnan , Li Zhen , Chen Zhenming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe water‐dispersible electrochormic nanocomposites, polyaniline (PANI) connected multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by covalent bond were synthesized through a grafting polymerization process of aniline monomer with functionalized MWCNTs. N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) was used as dehydrant for functionalization process of MWCNTs with p‐phenylenediamine (PPD). The transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) were used to study the morphologies, thermal stabilities and chemical structures of the nanocomposites, respectively. The UV‐vis absorbance spectra and cyclic voltammetry behaviors of nanocomposites were tested by UV‐vis spectrometer and electrochemical workstation, respectively. It is shown show that PANI‐MWCNTs nanocomposites not only exhibit good water solubility, but also exhibit excellent film‐forming properties. The results confirm that the π‐π interactions and interfacial covalent bond between PANI and MWCNTs endow PANI‐MWCNTs excellent electrochemical and electrochromic properties. The conductive network composed of PANI and MWCNTs can significantly improve the ion transports, electron conduct and electrochromic performance of PANI. The PANI‐MWCNTs‐0.6% nanocomposite film shows highest optical contrast value (0.78) and shortest response time (3.8 seconds for coloring and 3.2 seconds for bleaching) among neat PANI and PANI‐MWCNTs nanocomposites.
Solarstrom aus Früchtetee
Authors: Ehrmann Andrea , Błachowicz Tomasz 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungFarbstoffsolarzellen bieten eine interessante Alternative zu herkömmlichen Solarzellen. Ihre Herstellung benötigt keine Reinräume und viel weniger Energie als etwa Siliziumsolarzellen. Allerdings sind ihre aktuellen Wirkungsgrade besonders bei Nutzung preiswerter, ungiftiger Materialien sehr niedrig. Sie genügen noch nicht, um einen essentiellen Beitrag zur Energiewende zu leisten. Farbstoffsolarzellen können aber bereits jetzt für Stand‐alone‐Lösungen, in textiler Architektur oder auf anderen großen Flächen eingesetzt werden. Dies kann sinnvoller und umweltschonender sein als der Einsatz herkömmlicher siliziumbasierte Zellen.
Wenn Ladung wie Wasser fließt
Authors: Menges Fabian , Gotsmann Bernd 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wurden in elektrischen Leitern Anzeichen von hydrodynamischem Ladungstransport beobachtet. Dazu gehören die starke Abhängigkeit des Widerstands von der Leiterbreite, Verwirbelungen oder das Brechen des Wiedemann‐Franz‐Gesetzes. Die Messung dieser schon lange vorhergesagten Eigenschaften erlaubt neue Einblicke in das Elektronensystem. Zum Teil lässt sich die Viskosität der Elektronenfluide direkt mit Stoßprozessen zwischen Ladungsträgern erklären. In Wolframphosphid ist die Energiedissipation durch Stoßvorgänge durch das sogenannte Planksche Dissipationslimit begrenzt, das Ähnlichkeit mit der quantenmechanischen Energie‐Zeit‐Unschärfe hat. Aktuell wird an einem möglichen technischen Einsatz von hydrodynamischen Ladungstransport geforscht, in Form neuartiger elektronischer Bauteile.
The beneficial effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) supplementation along with restricted calorie diet on anthropometric indices, oxidative stress, and inflammation in overweight or obese women with depression: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hariri Nastaran , Darafshi Ghahroudi Sahar , Jahangiri Siroos , Borumandnia Nasrin , Narmaki Elham , Saidpour Atoosa 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundOxidative stress and inflammation play pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of obesity and depression. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on anthropometric indices, oxidative stress, inflammation, and depression in overweight or obese depressed women.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted on overweight or obese women aged 20–65 years with mild to moderate depression. The participants (n = 62) were assigned to receive a restricted calorie diet (RCD) plus 3 g/day of either sumac or placebo for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical biomarkers, and the Beck depression inventory were assessed during the study.ResultsSumac significantly reduced weight, body mass index, body fat (p < .001), visceral fat level (p = .03), waist and hip circumference, and malondialdehyde levels (p = .03, p = .002, and p = .006, respectively) in comparison with the placebo group. The levels of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α decreased only in the sumac group (11 and 32%, respectively); however, these reductions were not significant. The high‐sensitivity c‐reactive protein levels (p = .007 and p = .01, respectively) and Beck scores (p < .001) decreased significantly in both the sumac and the placebo group without any significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionSumac can be considered as a functional food that along with RCD could have beneficial effects on obesity management, through the possible modulatory effects on oxidative stress in overweight or obese depressed women.
Locally forced convection in subkilometre‐scale simulations with the Unified Model and WRF
Authors: Jucker M. , Lane T. P. , Vincent C. L. , Webster S. , Wales S. A. , Louf V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the performance and benefits of kilometre‐ and subkilometre‐scale convection‐permitting simulations over tropical Australia. Focusing on an extended monsoon break period, we can directly compare Unified Model (UM) and Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) simulations to C‐band polarimetric radar observations and soundings. We show that the two models have different behaviour, and both are different to observations. Whereas WRF produces daily squall lines whether or not they occurred in observations, the UM primarily generates small but intense storms. The UM and WRF produce qualitatively different surface density currents at different times in the diurnal cycle. Once the density currents are present, the models also show different behaviour in relation to convective initiation. While higher resolution helps in the distribution of total precipitation over the domain, most characteristics do not change with higher resolutions, and model differences are always larger than resolution differences. While Convective Available Potential Energy/Convective Inhibition (CAPE/CIN) does not seem to be important to explain model differences, our findings point to the evolution of density currents in the boundary layer as the most important source of model errors and differences.
Reactions of fullerene C60 with methyl methacrylate radicals: A density functional theory study
Authors: Diniakhmetova Diana R. , Friesen Anna K. , Kolesov Sergey V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe have investigated the stepwise addition of four growing methyl methacrylate (MMA) radicals to C60 fullerene, taking into account all possible types of the formed adducts. This reaction set is a reliable approximation for understanding the MMA polymerization process in the presence of C60 fullerene. We have analyzed the structures of the fullerene‐MMA adducts and energy parameters of their formation (heat effects and activation enthalpies). We found that up to three MMA growing radicals are favorably attached to C60 as the fullerene‐MMA trisadduct is a stable radical of the allyl type. It is inactive for further radical addition, and the elimination of the hydrogen atom from the growing MMA radical becomes preferable. The effects of steric factors and structures of the products of multiple growing MMA radical additions to C60 on the radical polymerization of MMA in the presence of C60 fullerene are considered.
Visceral pleural biopsy under medical thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Terashita Satoshi , Suminaga Keiichiro , Kawachi Hiroaki , Noguchi Susumu , Ikeue Tatsuyoshi , Sugita Takakazu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMedical thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive single‐port endoscopic technique that provides direct visualization of the pleural surface and allows for diagnostic procedures. The diagnostic yield of medical thoracoscopy is high and is generally based on parietal pleural biopsy findings. Pleural biopsies are valuable for a diagnosis. However, visceral pleural biopsies are uncommon because of the risk of prolonged air leak. In this study, we report a rare case of the successful diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, based on the findings of visceral pleural biopsy under medical thoracoscopy. To avoid lung injury and pneumothorax, we focused on maintaining the thoracoscope and biopsy forceps in a straight angle as much as possible. While looking straight ahead at the visceral pleural nodule as closely as possible, biopsy samples were carefully obtained while confirming that the normal lung was not held. With careful consideration, visceral pleural biopsies may expand the diagnostic capability of medical thoracoscopy.
The year after an extraordinary sedimentation event in a regulated Alpine river: The impact on benthic macroinvertebrate communities
Authors: Salmaso Francesca , Crosa Giuseppe , Espa Paolo , Gentili Gaetano , Quadroni Silvia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn August 2017, a massive rock slope failure triggered an extreme sedimentation event in a regulated Alpine river. Consequently, high sediment load affected the river for about 1 month, with sediment concentration peaking up to several hundred g/L, and overall sediment yield of 0.4–0.8 Mm3. The availability of sound pre‐event data concerning benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages gave us the opportunity to assess the impact of this unusually severe sediment disturbance through before/after comparison. Within 1 month from the event, all the monitored communities displayed low density, richness and diversity, with minimum values never recorded before, particularly at the most upstream investigated reach, and where riverbed aggradation was comparatively larger. Persisting riverbed alteration was also identified as a major determinant justifying the slow recovery observed during the year after the event. Overall, the high resilience of some taxa, suited to a baseline unnatural condition, allowed the fast recolonization of the investigated river reaches. However, the recovery of other taxa, more sensitive to sediment pressure, was slow or did not occur during the monitored year.
Success of renewable energy projects under the financial and non‐financial performance measures
Authors: Maqbool Rashid , Deng Xiaomei , Ashfaq Saleha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAround the globe, investment in renewable energy projects has been increased significantly since the last decade. However, recent trends of completed renewable energy projects are not positive enough regarding the significantly contributing through their operational performance. This study is an attempt to figure out the role of financial and non‐financial measures for the performance of renewable energy projects. A sample of 272x respondents was collected from the key project personnel in a view to assessing the influencing mechanisms of financial and non‐financial performance measures toward success in renewable energy projects. The data was collected through a convenient survey method from the employees working on managerial and technical positions in the small and medium‐sized renewable energy projects in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to perform data analysis and draw inferences. It was found that the success of renewable energy projects is largely depending on the influences of both financial and non‐financial performance measures. Moreover, both the financial and non‐financial performance measures were also found to be interlinked with each other positively and significantly. In addition, the role of financial performance measure compares to non‐financial performance measure was found to be more significant while contributing toward project success in renewable energy projects. The results also show that both the financial and non‐financial performance measures function as complements instead of substitute, while contributing toward renewable energy project success. Despite the role of financial measure is higher in contributing to project success as compare to non‐financial performance measure, ultimately both measures are necessary for sustainable project success in renewable energy projects. The research findings provide new insights for governments, policymakers, investors, and key stakeholders working on renewable energy projects to understand the measures driving better performance in such projects, alongside adding a knowledge base for future researchers and practitioners.
Amazon Mechanical Turk workers can provide consistent and economically meaningful data
Authors: Johnson David , Ryan John Barry 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAmazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) is an online labor market that is being used increasingly often in the social sciences. This occurs despite significant questions regarding efficacy of the platform. In this article, we attempt to address some of these questions by exploring the consistency of the characteristics of individuals who participate in studies posted on AMT. The primary individuals analyzed in this study are subjects who participated in at least two of eleven experiments that were run on AMT between September of 2012 and January of 2018. We demonstrate subjects consistently report their age, gender, subjective willingness to take risk, and impulsiveness. Further, subjective willingness to take risk is found to be significantly correlated with decisions made in a simple lottery experiment with real stakes—even when the subjective risk measure is reported months, sometimes years, in the past. This suggests the quality of data obtained via AMT is not terribly harmed by the lack of control and low stakes.
GDBApex: A graph‐based system to enable efficient transformation of enterprise infrastructures
Authors: Jarrah Moath , Al‐khatieb Bahaa , Mahasneh Naseem , Al‐khateeb Baghdad , Jararweh Yaser 
Published: July 2020

SummaryGraph‐based database engines have been developed by different researchers and companies. Many optimization methods have been integrated within these engines to enable fast and efficient data processing. However, many small‐ and medium‐size organizations have not changed their database infrastructures and still rely on a relational management modeling approach. This limits their service performance, especially in today's large‐scale data processing requirements. Transformation to the use of graph‐based modeling and design is not a straightforward process. In order to make a successful transformation, correct process semantics as well as the design of vertices, edges, labels, and process relations are required. The goal of this article is to help small‐ and medium‐size organizations make this transformation successful in order to satisfy customers' expectations and meet the requirements of data‐intensive applications. The proposed graph‐based modeling approach uses a graph structure for semantic queries and applies software engineering design principles. Moreover, it provides a case study with many data transactions. The system outperformed relational database management systems by an order of magnitude. Scalability of the system is examined and compared with the regular relational‐based modeling. In addition, a load balancing solution is used to achieve high scalability.
Investigating the quantitative and qualitative status of effluent in the wastewater treatment plant in Iran Central Iron Ore
Authors: Mehralian Mohammad , Gholamrezapour Ebrahim , Fatahi Hamed , Izadian Mehdi , Khashij Maryam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of present study was to investigate the quality of the produced effluent from different units of the Iran Central Iron Ore in Bafq city and comparison of effluent with the standards. This study presents the physicochemical and biological parameters data of effluent of three Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) with a capacity of 160 m3∙d−1. Most common parameters include pH, total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metals, and total coliforms and fecal coliforms as biological indicators. Then, for each SBR system, the average of each parameter was determined, and results were compared with the standard recommended by the Iranian Environmental Protection Agency. Based on the results, some of the parameters, including BOD5, COD, and TSS in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, are higher than the permitted amount for discharge to the surface water. Considering the BOD5, COD, and TSS concentration in WWTPs, the treated wastewater is only suitable for agricultural and irrigation use. Therefore, wastewater produced by Iran Central Iron Ore Co. will need additional treatment to achieve standard quality of water before discharge in surface water and adsorbent well.
Baicalin prevents the up‐regulation of TRPV1 in dorsal root ganglion and attenuates chronic neuropathic pain
Authors: Wang Zheyin , Ling Diyang , Wu Chenxiang , Han Jian , Zhao Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeuropathic pain is a major public health problem because it has a considerable impact on life quality of patients. TRP channels from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) play a crucial role in facilitating pain transmission at peripheral and spinal sites. Baicalin has neuroprotective effects and improves the pathological and behavioural outcomes of various types of nerve injury. The present study aims to examine the analgesic effects of baicalin on chronic neuropathic pain.MethodsNeuropathic pain animal model was created by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI). Behavioural tests were performed by von Frey and hot plate tests. mRNA and protein expression levels were examined by quantitative RT‐PCR and western blot.ResultsConsecutive intraperitoneal administration of baicalin for 16 days reduced the mechanical and thermal nociceptive responses induced by CCI surgery in a dose‐dependent manner. The mRNA expression levels of Trpv1 and Trpa1 were significantly increased in the DRG of CCI rats. Moreover baicalin administration reversed TRPV1 expression and phosphorylation of ERK in DRG neurons after peripheral nerve injury.ConclusionsOur results suggested that baicalin may ameliorate neuropathic pain by suppressing TRPV1 up‐regulation and ERK phosphorylation in DRG of neuropathic pain rats. Baicalin has a significant analgesic effect on alleviating neuropathic pain and thus may serve as a therapeutic approach for neuropathic pain.