bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Efficiencies of Neurological Physical Examination, Neurothesiometer and PainDETECT Questionnaire in Diagnosing Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Ahsan Hajrah , Kareem Talha , Tanveer Salma , Aftab Muhammad Farrukh , Zeb Bahawal , Kabir Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To compare the efficacies of neurological physical examination, neurothesiometer and PainDETECT questionnaire in diagnosing diabetic neuropathy.
Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional
Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan from 1st December 2018 to 10th March 2019.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and four patients of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes visiting the outdoor department were included in this study. They were assessed by lab results of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting and random blood sugar levels and neurological physical examination.
Results: The physical examination with Michigan Neuropathy Screening instrument showed that around 29 of the patients were having established neuropathy. The PainDETECT questionnaire on the other hand showed about 42 patients having a definitive neuropathy while the neurothesiometer showed that 79 of the total patients had varying degrees of neuropathy.
Conclusion: The neurothesiometer is a better diagnostic tool for diagnosing diabetic neuropathy in patients.
Measuring Star Formation Histories, Distances, and Metallicities with Pixel Color–Magnitude Diagrams. II. Applications to Nearby Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: Cook B. A. , Conroy Charlie , van Dokkum Pieter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present spatially resolved measurements of star formation histories (SFHs), metallicities, and distances in three nearby elliptical galaxies and the bulge of M31 derived using the pixel color–magnitude diagram (pCMD) technique. We compute pCMDs from archival Hubble Space Telescope photometry of M87, M49, NGC 3377, and M31, and we fit the data using the new code PCMDPy. We measure distances to each system that are accurate to ∼10%. The recovered nonparametric SFHs place reasonable (±1 dex) constraints on the recent (<2 Gyr) star formation in M31 and NGC 3377, both of which show evidence of inside-out growth. The SFHs in M87 and M49 are constrained only at the oldest ages. The pCMD technique is a promising new avenue for studying the evolutionary history of the nearby universe and is highly complementary to existing stellar population modeling techniques.
En première ligne : le journal de l’évêque grec-catholique de Zahlé Mgr Yûhanna Bassûl (1975-1976)
Authors: Tegho Bou Nassif Julie 
Published: April 2020

L’article ci-dessous retrace la trajectoire de l’évêque grec-catholique de Zahlé, Mgr Yûhanna Bassûl durant la « guerre des deux ans » (1975-1976). Grâce à un accès exclusif à son journal, cet article comble deux lacunes, historique et géographique, concernant une ville occultée du récit de la Guerre du Liban : Zahlé. Cette monographie, démontre le rôle essentiel de l’évêque dans la guerre, dans un contexte d’accentuation des polarisations identitaires et de perte par l’État du monopole de la violence.
Opportunités et défis de la justice transitionnelle au Liban : la centralité de la question des disparus ou Chronique d’une guerre inachevée
Authors: Hassoun Abou Jaoudé Carmen 
Published: April 2020

Près de trente années après la fin officielle de la guerre du Liban (1975-1990), et environ quinze ans après le retrait des forces syriennes du Liban (1990-2005), cet article se propose de revenir sur la « sortie de guerre » problématique et inachevée. Dans une perspective de justice transitionnelle, l’étude souligne la centralité de la question des disparus de la guerre dans le traitement des violences politiques au Liban. Elle remet en question les tentatives de réconciliation entre leaders politiques et soutient la nécessité d’un travail de vérité et de mémoire qui inclurait toutes les strates de la société libanaise. Mais les défis qui lui font face sont énormes, notamment la réticence des anciens chefs de guerre à s’engager dans un processus qui pourrait remettre en question leur autorité et leur pouvoir.
Les capitales des cités gauloises, simulacra Romae ?
Authors: Reddé Michel 
Published: April 2020

La conception classique de la ville méditerranéenne, modèle urbanistique des nouvelles capitales de cités fondées par Rome dans les provinces après la conquête, répond-elle à une réalité archéologique ou à un « Idealtyp » ? L’enquête archéologique qui est ici présentée montre qu’en Gaule Chevelue tout au moins, l’émergence des nouveaux chefs-lieux ne répond pas à un phénomène univoque et que plusieurs facteurs ont joué un rôle déterminant dans ce processus : l’héritage protohistorique, qu’il convient de réévaluer fortement par rapport à notre vision traditionnelle, la dynamique propre au développement urbain antérieur à la conquête, la place des grands sanctuaires laténiens, l’implantation du nouveau réseau viaire, qui a modifié les équilibres géographiques et économiques antérieurs, l’implication des élites locales, leur degré d’insertion dans les nouveaux cadres politiques romains et leur richesse qui conditionne leur capacité d’évergétisme. Bien entendu, les différences régionales peuvent être très marquées et la fondation ex nihilo d’une capitale provinciale conçue dès l’origine comme telle (Cologne) ne saurait être comparée à celle d’une cité pérégrine comme Le Mans. Le processus chronologique semble lui-même assez lent et progressif, même dans le cas de villes nouvelles comme Amiens ou Autun, passant souvent par plusieurs étapes successives. Sauf exception notable, la majorité des capitales de la Gaule Chevelue ne semble guère apparaître ou connaître de transformations substantielles avant la dernière décennie antérieure à l’ère chrétienne, parfois sensiblement plus tard, et le processus d’urbanisation dure souvent jusqu’au milieu du i er s. apr. J.-C. au moins, parfois jusqu’à l’époque flavienne.
Angers/Iuliomagus, cité des Andécaves, et Le Mans/Vindinum, cité des Cénomans : deux capitales, deux modes de déploiement urbain
Authors: Chevet Pierre , Pithon Martin 
Published: April 2020

Iuliomagus et Vindinum, capitales de cités voisines, connaissent un développement urbain qui se différencie au premier chef dans ses dynamiques de mise en œuvre, mettant ainsi en évidence des modalités d’aménagement distinctes. Alors que la première connaît, dès les années 20 apr. J.-C., une restructuration urbaine d’ampleur inscrite au sein d’une trame viaire orthogonale de 90 ha, mise en place en 10 ans et totalement affranchie des contraintes topographiques, la seconde montre un déploiement plus lent, avec une mise en place des rues étalée entre 30 et 60-70 apr. J.-C., une adaptation à la topographie et des programmes de remodelage du relief qui perdurent durant tout le ier s. au moins. Ces modes d’évolution opposés engendrent des paysages urbains très différents. Le site angevin, qui procède d’un plan global, anticipé et rapidement mis en œuvre, présente un urbanisme de façade, en apparence rigide et uniforme, mais qui conserve, en cœur d’îlots et en périphérie, les lignes des organisations anciennes. En revanche, Le Mans, qui semble s’étendre et évoluer sans stratégie d’ensemble, connaît une transformation plus progressive qui semble s’exercer en profondeur et effacer toute trace du paysage urbain antérieur.La question des causes qui ont pu déterminer des développements urbains si divergents reste ouverte. À titre d’hypothèse, c’est un soutien affiché ou une pression appuyée de l’administration romaine centrale, qui aurait pu favoriser ou imposer une telle restructuration à Angers. Quelles qu’en aient été les motivations militaires ou politiques, de telles raisons n’ont vraisemblablement pas eu cours au Mans, où des nécessités plus locales, démographiques et économiques, ont sans doute prévalu.
Chartres, d’Autrikon à Autricum, cité des Carnutes : prémices et essor de l’urbanisation
Authors: Joly Dominique , Willerval Stéphane , Denat Pauline 
Published: April 2020

Les fouilles réalisées à Chartres ces dix dernières années, systématiquement mises en séquences et datées par l’étude de la céramique, fournissent un corpus de sites de référence pour l’établissement des grandes phases marquant l’évolution de la ville durant le ier s. apr. J.-C. Parmi ceux-ci, deux nécropoles précèdent l’installation de la ville romaine. Son réseau viaire et les bâtiments qui le bordent constituent un bon marqueur des rythmes de son développement. Les constructions publiques sont probablement édifiées à partir du milieu du ier s. apr. J.-C. La datation du creusement du grand fossé à talus a longtemps posé question. Il semble devoir être rattaché au ier s. apr. J.-C.
Metz/Divodurum, cité des Médiomatriques : apport de deux fouilles récentes (place de la République et rue Paille-Maille) à la question des origines
Authors: Brkojewitsch Gaël , Dreier Christian , Marquié Sandrine 
Published: April 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de donner un état des connaissances sur les origines de la ville romaine de Metz/Divodurum. Pour y parvenir, les sources littéraires et le résultat des fouilles archéologiques urbaines sont employés. Les principales recherches dans le noyau urbain seront décrites en suivant une logique chronologique et topographique (colline du Haut de Sainte-Croix, colline de la Citadelle, secteur Outre-Seille, Pontiffroy). Le postulat étant que la ville romaine se développe à l’emplacement de l’oppidum (colline du Haut de Sainte-Croix) quasiment sans interruption depuis l’occupation laténienne, l’attention a été portée sur deux quartiers qui ont fait l’objet de fouilles récentes (place de la République, fouillée en 2009 sur la colline de la Citadelle et rue Paille-Maille, fouillée en 2012 dans le quartier du Pontiffroy) afin d’offrir des éléments de comparaison. Les données recueillies permettent d’illustrer les formes de l’habitat et d’évoquer le développement urbain et les limites de ville après la Conquête.
Anthropologie et diplomatie
Authors: Vienne Emmanuel de , Nahum-Claudel Chloé 
Published: April 2020

Secouée par les populismes, le bouleversement des équilibres entre les grandes puissances, la révolution numérique, la crise planétaire et la défiance envers des institutions de gouvernance mondiale conçues dans une période moins désespérée, la diplomatie traverse une crise profonde. Loin d’apporter une solution idéaliste de plus, cette introduction esquisse une théorisation ancrée dans la comparaison de cas empiriques qui sortent de la définition classique de la diplomatie centrée sur les rapports entre États. En privilégiant une approche pragmatique et interactionniste, et en étant attentive aux inventions des vaincus, elle entend identifier quelques traits constitutifs de la situation diplomatique : un rapport particulier à la violence (qui n’est pas toujours d’exclusion), l’invention de rituels qui sont autant de modélisations du monde, l’imitation de l’autre au risque de la confusion.
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN EGYPT CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Mahmoud Hossam Kamel , Fathy Gamaleldin Mohamed , Elhaddad Alaa , Fahmy Omar Abdelrahman , Abdelmooti Mohamed , Abdelfattah Raafat , Bokhary Mahmoud Tarek Sayed Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is now an established treatment modality with definitive indications for many hematological disorders. However, this line of treatment requires tremendous resources, and it becomes increasingly difficult for transplanters practicing in the developing world to reconcile the difference between what is possible and what is available. On the basis of 30 years of experience and more than 4250 transplants , this article will focus on the challenges faced our HSCT program and how they were solved. The HSCT program in Egypt started in 1989 on a narrow scale and since that time we faced many challenges.In 1997, the transplant rate increased dramatically with the opening of many HSCT units distributed allover Egypt. Our team is registered in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research ,and the number of transplants performed till December 2019 exceeded 4000 cases (60% allogeneic and 40% autologous).
Temporal Distribution of Gastropods In Rocky Intertidal Area In North Manokwari, West Papua
Authors: Saleky Dandi , Leatemia Simon P.O , Yuanike Yuanike , Rumengan Irman , Putra I Nyoman Giri 
Published: April 2020

Gastropods is an important organism that commonly found inhabiting the rocky intertidal area. Distribution pattern of this species is influenced by various factors such as population history, microhabitat, predation and a complex interactions between oceanographic dynamics and ecological features. This study aims to compare the temporal distribution pattern of gastropods at two different rocky intertidal area. This research was conducted at the rocky intertidal area of Amban and Nuni, North Manokwari District, West Papua. Data collection was performed during the daylight and night in April and June 2012 using systematic sampling method. The results showed that both physical and chemical factors are suite for supporting gastropods life. Furthermore, these factors seem to have an impact on gastropod zoning patterns observed in the study area. The similarity index values ​​indicate that the similarity of gastropod species between the two locations is low, which means that the species of gastropods found in each location is quite different. The community structure of gastropod at the study area is stable. In addition, we found that the gastropods diversity were higher during the night than the daylight because gastropods are classified as a nocturnal animals.
Key Words: Gastropod; Rocky Intertidal; Community Structure; Nocturnal
Stock Market Activities and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Cointegration Approach
Authors: O. Ashamu Sikiru , A. Soyebo Yusuf 
Published: April 2020

Stock markets have been the main catalyst of economic growth in most economies. However, there are mix results on the exact nature of the influence of key stock market variables on economic growth in developing economies. Thus, this study examined the effect of stock market measures on economic growth in Nigeria. This paper employed an ex-post facto research design using annualized data obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin and Stock Exchange Fact books for the period 1985 to 2017 and they were analysed using the error correction estimate regression technique at 5% level of significance. The result ecm (-1) is statistically sign and significant, stock market activities such as market capitalization ( = 0.0386, p > 0.05), number of deals ( = 0.0487, p < 0.05) and All share Index ( = 0.0921, p < 0.05) have positive influence on economic growth, while volume of trading ( = -0.6110, p < 0.05) has a negative effect on economic growth. These results suggested that all the specified variables except market capitalization have significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. The study concluded that stock market activities influence the economic growth in Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that investors should take the advantage of the numerous opportunities offered by the stock market while market makers and regulators should continue to operate according to best market practices in order to ensure confidence and continuous patronage by various economic agents.
Micro Determinants of Dividend Policy in Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Iheduru Ngozi G. , Okoro Charles U. 
Published: April 2020

This study examined the factors that determine dividend policy of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The general purpose is to examine factors that affect dividend policy of the quoted firms. After exhaustive literature review, cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement of twenty quoted manufacturing firms. Dividend payout rate was proxy for dividend policy while growth opportunities, liquidity, management efficiency, profit level, cost of capital, company size and debt equity ratio were proxy for independent variables. The study applied the Pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS), fixed effect, and random effect regression models using the e-view statistical package. Findings reveal that growth opportunities, profit level, management efficiency and debt equity ratio have negative effect on dividend payout ratio while liquidity, cost of capital and company size have positive effect on dividend payout ratio of the manufacturing firms. We conclude that liquidity cost of capital and company size significantly determine dividend policy while growth opportunities, management efficiency, profit level and debt equity ratio have no significant effect on dividend policy. The study recommends among others, that managers/consultants should carefully examine the economic factors within a firm’s operating environment when carrying out the functions of developing or designing dividend policy for the firm.
Sustainable Reporting and Profitability of Quoted Firms in Nigeria: A Multi-Dimensional Panel Data Study
Authors: Iheduru Ngozi G. , Okoro Charles U. 
Published: April 2020

This paper used cross sectional data to examine the effect of sustainable reporting on the profitability indicators of Nigeria quoted firms between 2008-2017. Data was sourced from financial statement of the firms. Twenty firms were selected from the population of quoted firms in Nigeria. Return on equity, earnings per share and return on investment were proxy for profitability while sustainable reporting was proxied by economic, social, environmental and corporate governance disclosure. The panel data model was tested using the Hausman test. Model one and two validated the fixed effect while model three validated the random effect. The results found that economic disclosure and social disclosure have positive but insignificant effect on return on equity of the selected firms while environmental and corporate governance disclosure have negative and insignificant effect on return on equity, all the predictor variables have positive and insignificant effect on earnings per share of the firms and that economic, social and environmental disclosure have positive effect on return on investment while corporate governance disclosure have negative effect on return on investment of the selected firms in Nigeria. We recommend that operating environment of the firms should be well examined and policies should be advanced to manage factors such as economic, social, environmental and corporate governance disclosures to leverage the environmental challenges and enhance profitability, companies should ensure strict compliance to all forms of sustainability reporting.
Triangular Causality and Controlling Parallel Exchange Market
Authors: Bidabad Bijan 
Published: April 2020

In this paper, the triangular relationship of money, price, and foreign exchange in a causality context are studied. It is concluded that regulating the exchange rate by volume of liquidity in a period of less than a year is not possible, but in annual and biannual analyses we can regulate the exchange rate through controlling the liquidity. In other words, in the long run, the exchange rate is affected by liquidity and price level, but in the short run, the price level has only temporary effects on the exchange rate. The results of the study show that: liquidity affects the exchange rate in the long run; price affects the liquidity in the long run; in the long run, liquidity and exchange rate affect prices.
Our results show that injection of foreign exchange into the parallel exchange market with different lags has little effects with different directions on the exchange rate. The same result is true for the relationship between liquidity and dollar rate. In other words, in spite of the long run relationship between exchange rate and liquidity, we cannot justify this relationship in the short run. The same is true with the balance of payments position and exchange rate in the short run.
By simulating the relationship between injecting (selling) foreign exchange in the parallel exchange market, liquidity and the cumulative balance of payments all with exchange rate, we can conclude that in the short run, regulating exchange rate by instruments such as selling exchange in the parallel market or controlling the liquidity is not possible, but in the long run, conducting foreign exchange sale policy and controlling the liquidity and the balance of payments position can control the exchange market.
Dividend Policy and Value of Quoted Firms in Nigeria: A Test of Miller and Modigliani Irrelevant Hypothesis
Authors: Lucky Lucky Anyike , Onyinyechi Uzokwe Grace 
Published: April 2020

This study tested Miller and Modigliani dividend policy irrelevant hypothesis in Nigeria. The objective was to examine the validity of the irrelevant hypothesis. Tobins Q measure of market value was modeled as the function of dividend payout ratio, retention ratio, dividend per share and dividend yield. 20 firms were selected on the basis of availability of information necessary for conducting the study and the readiness of annual financial reports for the period of 10 years from 2008-2017. Cross sectional data was sourced from financial statement and annual reports of the firms. Based on the analysis of fixed and random effect results, random effect was used. The study revealed that 75 percent variation on the market value can be predicted by variation on independent variables in the regression model. The beta coefficient of the variables found that all the independent variables have positive and significant relationship with market value of the selected quoted firms. The study concludes that dividend policy is relevant as oppose to the irrelevant hypothesis of Miller and Modigliani. Its therefore recommend that managers should manage their dividend policies effectively since it is relevant and has significant effect on market value and optimal dividend policy which implies policy of trade-off between dividend payout and retain earnings should be well managed and investors should have adequate knowledge of dividend policy of quoted firms that will correspond with their investment objectives of avoid conflict in dividend policy.
A Test of Miller and Modigliani Dividend Policy Irrelevance Theory in Nigerian Stock Market
Authors: Philomina I Udobi, , Wilfred I. Iyiegbuniwe, 
Published: April 2020

This study empirically tests for the validity of Miller and Modigliani’s dividend irrelevance proposition in the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). Secondary data were obtained from the Nigerian Stock Exchange fact book and firms’ annual audited financial statements for fifteen years (2001-2015). Mediation Analyses, was used to measure the direct and indirect effects of dividend on stock price. Correction of the anomalous use of current dividend and current earnings by the use of naive expectation of dividend and earnings revealed that the direct effect of expected dividend on share price is significant but the indirect effect of expected dividend on share price through earnings is not significant. The implication of these results is that expected dividend has its unique (direct) effect on share price beyond the effect on share price which it shares with expected earnings (indirect effect). This conclusion suggests that dividend policy is relevant in valuation of shares in NSE. It was therefore recommended that company management should treat dividend as an active corporate finance decision-making variable and should employ dividend in information signalling to capital market investors.