bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma on the inactivation ofEscherichia coliin sour cherry juice and its qualitative properties
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mehdi , Rostami Sajad , Hosseinzadeh Samani Bahram , Lorigooini Zahra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the nonthermal methods is the atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP). In this study, the effect of cold plasma on the reduction ofEscherichia colibacteria and qualitative properties of sour cherry juice, including total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and vitamin C, were investigated. Independent variables included plasma exposure time (1, 5, and 9 min), applied field intensity (25, 37.5, and 50 kV/cm), feeding gas oxygen content (0%, 0.5%, and 1%), and sample depth (0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm). The results show that increased oxygen content in argon has the greatest effect on the reduction of bacteria, and plasma exposure decreased 6 logarithmic periods ofE. colibacteria in sour cherry juice. Optimization results showed when all bacteria were eliminated by plasma, TPC remained unchanged, and TAC and vitamin C decreased by 4% and 21%, respectively, while thermal methods increased TPC by 23% and decreased TAC and vitamin C by 26% and 77%, respectively. These results indicate that, compared with conventional thermal methods, sour cherry juice pasteurization using APCP has little effect on the juice qualitative properties, and this method can serve as a suitable alternative to conventional thermal methods.
Emerging technologies to study glial cells
Authors: Hirbec Hélène , Déglon Nicole , Foo Lynette C. , Goshen Inbal , Grutzendler Jaime , Hangen Emilie , Kreisel Tirzah , Linck Nathalie , Muffat Julien , Regio Sara , Rion Sybille , Escartin Carole 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDevelopment, physiological functions, and pathologies of the brain depend on tight interactions between neurons and different types of glial cells, such as astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Assessing the relative contribution of different glial cell types is required for the full understanding of brain function and dysfunction. Over the recent years, several technological breakthroughs were achieved, allowing “glio‐scientists” to address new challenging biological questions. These technical developments make it possible to study the roles of specific cell types with medium or high‐content workflows and perform fine analysis of their mutual interactions in a preserved environment. This review illustrates the potency of several cutting‐edge experimental approaches (advanced cell cultures, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived human glial cells, viral vectors, in situ glia imaging, opto‐ and chemogenetic approaches, and high‐content molecular analysis) to unravel the role of glial cells in specific brain functions or diseases. It also illustrates the translation of some techniques to the clinics, to monitor glial cells in patients, through specific brain imaging methods. The advantages, pitfalls, and future developments are discussed for each technique, and selected examples are provided to illustrate how specific “gliobiological” questions can now be tackled.
Predictors of mortality in Māori, Pacific Island, and European patients diagnosed with dementia at a New Zealand Memory Service
Authors: Cullum Sarah , Varghese Chris , Coomarasamy Christin , Whittington Rosie , Hadfield Laura , Rajay Aakash , Yeom Brian , Liu Bonnie , Christie Madeline , Appleton Kerry , Yates Susan , Cheung Gary 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAs the economic impact of dementia on health and social care increases, governments require disease‐specific epidemiological data that will help inform spending and policy decisions. The aim of this study is to examine predictors of mortality in dementia in consecutive referrals to a New Zealand (NZ) memory service that includes Māori, Pacific Islander, and NZ European patients.MethodsDate of birth, sex, ethnicity, living situation, cognitive function, dementia subtype, dementia severity, physical comorbidity, and medication data were collected from electronic health records. The resulting data set was linked to administrative data on mortality and last hospital contact dates to allow time‐dependent survival analyses.ResultsThe risk of death in people with dementia was increased by age (adjusted HR per year 1.08, 95%CI:1.05‐1.12) and lower cognitive score at baseline (adjusted HR for severe impairment:2.54, 95% CI:1.25‐5.16), and was reduced by cholinesterase inhibitors (adjusted HR:0.54, 95% CI:0.34‐0.88). Compared to NZ Europeans (HR:1.19, 95% CI:0.63‐2.25), antipsychotics increased the risk of death three‐fold in Māori (adjusted HR:3.62, 95% CI:0.79‐16.7) and Pacific Islanders (adjusted HR:2.54, 95%CI:1.10‐5.85).ConclusionsFurther research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the survival rates in Māori and Pacific Islanders living with dementia in NZ,and their increased risk of death if antipsychotics are used.
Neural correlates of intonation and lexical tone in tonal and non‐tonal language speakers
Authors: Chien Pei‐Ju , Friederici Angela D. , Hartwigsen Gesa , Sammler Daniela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntonation, the modulation of pitch in speech, is a crucial aspect of language that is processed in right‐hemispheric regions, beyond the classical left‐hemispheric language system. Whether or not this notion generalises across languages remains, however, unclear. Particularly, tonal languages are an interesting test case because of the dual linguistic function of pitch that conveys lexical meaning in form of tone, in addition to intonation. To date, only few studies have explored how intonation is processed in tonal languages, how this compares to tone and between tonal and non‐tonal language speakers. The present fMRI study addressed these questions by testing Mandarin and German speakers with Mandarin material. Both groups categorised mono‐syllabic Mandarin words in terms of intonation, tone, and voice gender. Systematic comparisons of brain activity of the two groups between the three tasks showed large cross‐linguistic commonalities in the neural processing of intonation in left fronto‐parietal, right frontal, and bilateral cingulo‐opercular regions. These areas are associated with general phonological, specific prosodic, and controlled categorical decision‐making processes, respectively. Tone processing overlapped with intonation processing in left fronto‐parietal areas, in both groups, but evoked additional activity in bilateral temporo‐parietal semantic regions and subcortical areas in Mandarin speakers only. Together, these findings confirm cross‐linguistic commonalities in the neural implementation of intonation processing but dissociations for semantic processing of tone only in tonal language speakers.
Upregulation of 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase (PFKFB3) by hyperactivated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 is critical for tumor growth in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Wang Yani , Tang Sisi , Wu Yuncui , Wan Xiaofeng , Zhou Meng , Li Hongwu , Zha Xiaojun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the benign tumor formation in multiple organs. The main etiology of TSC is the loss‐of‐function mutation of TSC1 or TSC2 gene, which leads to aberrant activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In this research, we found a significant increase of 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) expression in Tsc1−/− and Tsc2−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) compared with the control cells. Inhibition of mTORC1 led to a dramatic decrease of PFKFB3 expression, indicating PFKFB3 regulation by mTORC1. Moreover, suppression of mTORC1 inhibited the expression of PFKFB3 in rat uterine leiomyoma‐derived Tsc2‐null ELT3 cells and human tumor cells. Furthermore, we identified hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) as a mediator transmitting the signal from mTORC1 to PFKFB3. Depletion of PFKFB3 inhibited proliferation and tumorigenicity of Tsc1‐ or Tsc2‐deficient cells. In addition, combination of rapamycin with PFK15, a PFKFB3 inhibitor, exerts a stronger inhibitory effect on cell proliferation of Tsc1‐ or Tsc2‐null MEFs than treatment with single drug. We conclude that loss of TSC1 or TSC2 led to upregulated expression of PFKFB3 through activation of mTORC1/HIF‐1α signaling pathway and co‐administration of rapamycin and PFK15 may be a promising strategy for the treatment of TSC tumors as well as other hyperactivated mTORC1‐related tumors.
Rational design of thiolated polyenes as trifunctional Raman reporter molecules in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering nanotags for cytokine detection in a lateral flow assay
Authors: Keller Thomas , Brem Svetlana , Tran Vi , Sritharan Oliver , Schäfer Daniel , Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe characteristic vibrational spectroscopic fingerprint of Raman reporter molecules adsorbed on noble metal nanoparticles is employed for the identification of target proteins by the corresponding surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotag‐labeled antibodies. Here, we present the modular synthesis of thiolated polyenes with two to five C═C double bonds introduced via stepwise Wittig reactions. The experimental characterization of their electronic and vibrational properties is complemented by density functional theory calculations. Highly SERS‐active nanotags are generated by using the thiolated polyenes as Raman reporter molecules in Au/Au core/satellite supraparticles with multiple hot spots. The cytokines IL‐1β and IFN‐γ are detected in a duplex SERS‐based lateral flow assay on a nitrocellulose test strip by Raman microscopy. The thiolated polyenes are suitable for use in immuno‐SERS applications such as point‐of‐care testing as well as cellular and tissue imaging.
Long noncoding RNA PVT1 acts as an oncogenic driver in human pan‐cancer
Authors: You Zilong , Xu Shouping , Pang Da 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles during tumorigenesis in multiple types of cancers. However, little is known about the exact role of plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in human pan‐cancer. Here, we report the oncogenic role and function of PVT1 in human pan‐cancer, including breast cancer. The expression of PVT1 in human tumor tissues and nontumor tissues, the upstream regulation of PVT1 and the relationship between its expression and prognosis and chemoresistance were examined by using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. PVT1 expression is higher in human cancer tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous tissues, and patients with high levels of PVT1 expression usually have tumors with a higher TNM stage. High PVT1 expression is also associated with worse disease outcomes in patients with cancer. Hypomethylation and transcription factor binding in the PVT1 promoter locus activates its transcriptional expression. Guilt by association analysis revealed that PVT1 may be involved in processes associated with tumorigenesis. Moreover, PVT1 may trigger chemoresistance in human cancer. These results indicated that PVT1 may act as an oncogenic driver and maybe a potential therapeutic target in human cancer.
US‐based risk stratification “guidelines” for thyroid nodules: Quō Vādis?
Authors: Alexander Archie A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeThis rapid scoping review addresses the commentary titled the ACR TI‐RADS™: An Advance in the Management of Thyroid Nodules or Pandora's Box of Surveillance? suggesting that the 2017 American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI‐RADS™‐2017) adds to a plethora of existing guidelines, incorporates an inconsistent lexicon, and potentially contradicts recommendations.Materials and MethodsThe author performed a rapid scoping review using a combination of English keywords to identify and review peer reviewed articles contained in electronic databases (e‐databases) comparing 2 or more guidelines for managing adult thyroid nodules (GMTNs) with (UGMTNs) and without (non‐UGMTNs) ultrasound. E‐databases included Medline (PubMed), EBSCO, Google, and Google Scholar published (2010‐2019).ResultsThe search returned 28 articles, where the author identified 12 different guidelines. Most articles evaluated diagnostic performance (N = 26), not quality (N = 2) measures. The most commonly reviewed UGMTNs were in descending order ATA‐2015, ACR TI‐RADS™‐2017, South Korean, and EU TI‐RADS. No article reviewed all GMTNs or identified a generally accepted UGMTNs or non‐UGMTNs. Primary origin continents were: North America (U.S.A), Asia (Japan, South Korea, Thailand), Europe (France, Italy, U.K.), and South America (Chile).ConclusionA plethora of UGMTNs may exist. No guideline enjoys general acceptance and evaluations of performance and quality vary.
Predicting nitrous oxide emissions after the application of solid manure to grassland in the United Kingdom
Authors: Melaku Nigus Demelash , Shrestha Narayan Kumar , Wang Junye , Thorman Rachel E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) emission from agricultural soils represents a significant source of greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. We evaluated the suitability of a modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to estimate the N2O flux from the application of solid manure at two grassland sites (North Wyke [NW] and Pwllpeiran [PW]) in the United Kingdom. The simulated N2O emissions were validated against field observations measured in 2011 and 2012 for model calibration and validation, respectively. The SWAT model predicts water‐filled pore space (WFPS) very well with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), R2, RMSE, and percentage bias (PBIAS) values of 0.67, .72, 0.06, and 3.64, respectively, during the calibration period for NW site, whereas it gives 0.68, .69, 0.07, and 3.04, respectively during the validation period. At PW, the model predicted the NSE, R2, RMSE, and PBIAS of 0.55, .69, 0.04, and −4.5, respectively, during calibration and 0.63, .71, 0.05, and −2.6, respectively, during the validation period. Compared with WFPS, the model resulted in a slightly lower fit for N2O emissions for NW (NSE = 0.47, R2 = .63 during calibration, and NSE = 0.55, R2 = .58 during validation) and for PW (NSE = 0.54, R2 = .71 for calibration, and NSE = 0.47, R2 = .69 for validation). Results revealed that the SWAT model performed reasonably well in representing the dynamics of N2O emissions after solid manure application to grassland.
RPE65 and retinal dystrophy: Report of new and recurrent mutations
Authors: Safari Shamsi , Zare‐Abdollahi Davood , Bushehri Ata , Safari Mohammad Reza , Dehghani Azadeh , Tahmasebi Zahra , Khorram Khorshid Hamid Reza , Ghadami Mohsen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBachgroundLeber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a severe and congenital or early onset form of inherited retinitis pigmentosa (RP). To date, approximately 25 genes have been introduced in relation to LCA. In this regard, retinal pigment epithelium‐specific 65 kDa (RPE65) is a well‐known gene mutation that plays a role in the pathogenesis of 5–10% of LCA cases.MethosTwo individuals fromseparate families were subjected to ehole exome sequencing (WES). Causativevariants were searched further assessed using Sanger sequencing.ResultsHere, two families with mutations in the RPE65 gene show severe and early onset LCA, as expected. In addition to the characterization of the phenotype, by reporting a new mutation (c.1451‐1G>A), we further expand the mutation spectrum of RPE65. Likewise, as an interesting aspect of our study, we report on a previously reported RP‐linked mutation associated with severe early onset LCA (c.T200G:p.L67R).ConclusionsConsidering this variant in different populations, it is likely that it represents a hotspot and affects the function of the coded protein. The variable expressivity of the phenotype can be assumed by the presence of the modifier allele(s) as a result of a different genetic background or the effect of different environments on phenotype expression.
Treatment and outcomes of extrahepatic malignancy incidentally diagnosed during pretransplant evaluation for living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Park Gil‐Chun , Hwang Shin , Song Gi‐Won , Jung Dong‐Hwan , Moon Deok‐Bog , Ahn Chul‐Soo , Kim Ki‐Hun , Ha Tae‐Yong , Yoon Young‐In , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study analyzed treatment and outcomes in patients with primary extrahepatic malignancy (EHM) incidentally diagnosed during pretransplant evaluation for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).MethodsOf 4621 adult patients undergoing LDLT over 19 years, 41 were diagnosed with EHM shortly before LDLT (incidental malignancy group), and 92 had been treated for EHM more than 6 months before LDLT (treated malignancy group).ResultsMost common EHMs were colorectal, thyroid, and stomach cancers in the incidental malignancy group; and stomach, breast, thyroid, colorectal, and renal cell cancers and lymphoma in the treated malignancy group. Mean interval between EHM diagnosis and LDLT in the incidental malignancy group was 1.5 ± 1.6 months. Of the 41 patients in this group, 15 (35.6%), seven (17.1%), and 16 (39.0%) underwent EHM treatment before, during, and after LDLT, respectively, whereas three (7.3%) underwent observation alone. During a mean follow‐up of 70.1 ± 50.8 months, six (14.6%) patients showed tumor recurrence, and three (7.3%) died of tumor progression. All recurrences developed in patients with tumor stages higher than the earliest stage. The mean interval between EHM diagnosis and LDLT in treated malignancy group was 79.8 ± 79.6 months. During a mean follow‐up of 63.2 ± 54.1 months, three (3.3%) patients showed tumor recurrence and one (1.1%) died of tumor progression. The incidence of EHM recurrence was significantly higher (P = .025), and the overall post‐transplant patient survival rate was significantly lower (P = .046), in the incidental malignancy than in the treated malignancy group.ConclusionsOnly patients with earliest‐stage EHM detected shortly before LDLT are indicated for upfront LDLT combined with peritransplant EHM treatment.
Mortality from HIV‐associated meningitis in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tenforde Mark W , Gertz Alida M , Lawrence David S , Wills Nicola K , Guthrie Brandon L , Farquhar Carey , Jarvis Joseph N 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionHIV‐associated cryptococcal, TB and pneumococcal meningitis are the leading causes of adult meningitis in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis with the primary aim of estimating mortality from major causes of adult meningitis in routine care settings, and to contrast this with outcomes from clinical trial settings.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for published clinical trials (defined as randomized‐controlled trials (RCTs) or investigator‐managed prospective cohorts) and observational studies that evaluated outcomes of adult meningitis in SSA from 1 January 1990 through 15 September 2019. We performed random effects modelling to estimate pooled mortality, both in clinical trial and routine care settings. Outcomes were stratified as short‐term (in‐hospital or two weeks), medium‐term (up to 10 weeks) and long‐term (up to six months).Results and discussionSeventy‐nine studies met inclusion criteria. In routine care settings, pooled short‐term mortality from cryptococcal meningitis was 44% (95% confidence interval (95% CI):39% to 49%, 40 studies), which did not differ between amphotericin (either alone or with fluconazole) and fluconazole‐based induction regimens, and was twofold higher than pooled mortality in clinical trials using amphotericin based treatment (21% (95% CI:17% to 25%), 17 studies). Pooled short‐term mortality of TB meningitis was 46% (95% CI: 33% to 59%, 11 studies, all routine care). For pneumococcal meningitis, pooled short‐term mortality was 54% in routine care settings (95% CI:44% to 64%, nine studies), with similar mortality reported in two included randomized‐controlled trials. Few studies evaluated long‐term outcomes.ConclusionsMortality rates from HIV‐associated meningitis in SSA are very high under routine care conditions. Better strategies are needed to reduce mortality from HIV‐associated meningitis in the region.
Rapid and sensitive detection of pesticide residues using dynamic surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Wanling , Long Feng , Song Guofen , Chen Jing , Peng Shuai , Li Penghui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPesticide residues are one of the major food safety concerns for consumers all over the world, and it is crucial to develop simple, rapid, and effective method for the detection of pesticide residues. In the study, we report the sensitive detection of pesticides with the dynamic surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (dynamic SERS) method. The dynamic SERS method provides excellent detection sensitivity at the metastable state of plasmonic nanoparticles in the sessile drop, which is a critical state between the wet state and dry state during the volatilization process. With this simple and rapid method, the SERS performance towards four pesticides, paraquat, thiabendazole, tricyclazole, and isocarbophos, is investigated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as the enhancing reagents. The characteristic SERS spectra of paraquat, thiabendazole, tricyclazole, and isocarbophos can be detected at concentrations down to 1 × 10−9 M, 5 × 10−9 M, 5.28 × 10−9 M, and 3.45 × 10−7 M, respectively. The pesticides are also discriminable at the same concentrations as the standard solution counterparts from the pesticides spiked vegetable extracts, and linear relationship can be drawn from the characteristic peak intensities and negative logarithm of concentrations of the four pesticides. Therefore, the simple and rapid dynamic SERS method shows great potential in the practical detection of pesticide residues.
A single‐cell‐gap transflective blue‐phase liquid crystal display based on fringe in‐plane switching electrodes
Authors: Zhou Xiang‐Yu , Chu Fan , Tian Li‐Lan , Li Rui , Hou Wen‐Yi , Gu Xiao‐Qing , Wang Qiong‐Hua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA transflective blue‐phase liquid crystal display (TRBP‐LCD) based on fringe in‐plane switching (FIS) electrodes is proposed. The proposed structure generates combined fringe and in‐plane electric fields that cause more liquid crystal (LC) molecules to reorient almost in plane above and between the pixel electrodes. The fringe field is mainly generated in the transmissive (T) region, and the horizontal electric field is mainly generated in the reflective (R) region. By optimizing the width of the pixel electrodes and the gap between two adjacent pixel electrodes, the different electric field intensity in the T and R regions contribute to balance the optical phase retardation between the T and R regions. As a result, the proposed TRBP‐LCD exhibits a low operating voltage and high optical efficiency, while it preserves a relatively simple fabrication process.