bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How child health care physicians struggle from gut feelings to managing suspicions of child abuse
Authors: Stolper Erik , van de Wiel Margje , Kooijman Simon , Feron Frans 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimWe examined how gut feelings of child health care physicians’ (CHCPs) contribute to the development of a suspicion of child abuse, how they act upon this suspicion and what barriers they experience in their management. To gain insight into the youth health care chain, we compared the diagnostic reasoning and management regarding this issue by CHCPs and family physicians (FPs).MethodsThree focus groups, 20 CHCPs, thematic content analysis.ResultsA gut feeling acted as an early alert to look for the triggering cue(s), by observing more closely and asking relevant questions. CHCPs struggled to distinguish whether the situation involved child abuse or a lack of parenting skills, and how to communicate their concerns with parents. They tried to motivate parents to improve the situation, avoiding the term child abuse and considered involving the Child Abuse Counselling and Reporting Centre (CACRC) a measure of last resort only.ConclusionAs with FPs, gut feelings support CHCPs in becoming attentive to child abuse and to situations which can lead to child abuse. The next step, discussing their suspicion with the parents, is a difficult one, and the CACRC might actually help to make this step easier.
The ethos of business students
Authors: van Baardewijk Jelle , de Graaf Gjalt 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBusiness schools are the “nurseries” of the corporate world. This article offers an empirical analysis of the business student ethos on the basis of research conducted at three Dutch universities. A theoretical framework in the tradition of virtue ethics and dubbed “moral ethology” is used to identify the values business schools convey to their students. The central research question is: What types of ethos do Dutch business students have? Forty‐three undergraduate students participated in Q‐methodological research, a mixed qualitative–quantitative small‐sample method. Five different types of ethos were generated: Do‐Good Managers, Market Managers, Searching Managers, Balancing Managers, and Radical Market Managers. Some general characteristics that apply to all the types of ethos were identified, such as the search for efficiency. It is argued that business schools should pay much more attention to the values that are endorsed in both life and business and should help students to address situations in which values are neglected.
Multiphase deformation history of the Porcupine Basin, offshore west Ireland
Authors: Saqab Muhammad Mudasar , Childs Conrad , Walsh John , Delogkos Efstratios 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Porcupine Basin is a large underexplored sedimentary basin located offshore west of Ireland within the structurally complex European North Atlantic Margin. The basin has evolved through multiple Jurassic–Recent phases of deformation and although the overall plate tectonic context of the margin is well‐documented, there are still uncertainties regarding the phases of tectonic activity, and their associated strain distribution and fault kinematics. Based on the analysis of large volumes of 2D and 3D seismic data from the Porcupine Basin, we provide an overview of the nature and origin of multiple fault systems, both tectonic and nontectonic, with links to regional tectonic events where possible. Three distinct basin‐wide phases of tectonically induced extensional faulting are recognized: (a) Late Jurassic N‐S to NE‐SW trending rift faults, (b) Late Cretaceous E‐W to ENE‐WSW trending normal faults and (c) Mid Eocene N‐S trending faults. The Jurassic faults were active over a period of 11.5 Myr between the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian but with an intervening 4.5 Myr period of quiescence providing a two‐stage rift evolution. The Late Cretaceous faulting in the Porcupine Basin broadly correlates with extension in the Celtic Sea basins and is tentatively attributed to the rotational spreading of the Bay of Biscay in the south. The Mid Eocene phase of extension, which coincides with the onset of spreading between Europe and Greenland (Atlantic spreading), resulted in partial reactivation of the Jurassic faults. A series of non‐tectonic fault systems occur within specific stratigraphic intervals suggesting a compactional or gravitationally driven origin, including basinward dipping normal faults within a Palaeocene–early Eocene deltaic sequence, and multiple tiers of polygonal faults within Cretaceous, late Eocene and Neogene strata.
Let's collaborate but how: Discussing collaboration barriers and opportunities in the digital era
Authors: Rouzbehani Roya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGovernments are interested in higher levels of collaboration, joint solutions and partnerships, in part to deal with cross‐sector wicked problems. However, success is limited due to the barriers to effective collaboration. This research note reports some of the results of a systematic literature review that identified common barriers to inter‐organizational collaboration across sectors, regrouping them in three key categories of cognitive, power and communication barriers. In the second part, a synergy map is used to link those barriers to less conventional approaches and solutions that can help overcome them and facilitate collaboration, including conceptual frameworks, visual thinking tools and online collaboration platforms.
Smith‐Magenis syndrome: Clinical and behavioral characteristics in a large retrospective cohort
Authors: Rive Le Gouard Nicolas , Jacquinet Adeline , Ruaud Lyse , Deleersnyder Hélène , Ageorges Faustine , Gallard Jennifer , Lacombe Didier , Odent Sylvie , Mikaty Myriam , Manouvrier‐Hanu Sylvie , Ghoumid Jamal , Geneviève David , Lehman Natacha , Philip Nicole , Edery Patrick , Héron Delphine , Rastel Coralie , Chancenotte Sophie , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Faivre Laurence , Perrin Laurence , Verloes Alain 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSmith‐Magenis syndrome (SMS), characterized by dysmorphic features, neurodevelopmental disorder, and sleep disturbance, is due to an interstitial deletion of chromosome 17p11.2 (90%) or to point mutations in the RAI1 gene. In this retrospective cohort, we studied the clinical, cognitive, and behavioral profile of 47 European patients with SMS caused by a 17p11.2 deletion. We update the clinical and neurobehavioral profile of SMS. Intrauterine growth was normal in most patients. Prenatal anomalies were reported in 15%. 60% of our patients older than 10 years were overweight. Prevalence of heart defects (6.5% tetralogy of Fallot, 6.5% pulmonary stenosis), ophthalmological problems (89%), scoliosis (43%), or deafness (32%) were consistent with previous reports. Epilepsy was uncommon (2%). We identified a high prevalence of obstipation (45%). All patients had learning difficulties and developmental delay, but ID range was wide and 10% of patients had IQ in the normal range. Behavioral problems included temper tantrums and other difficult behaviors (84%) and night‐time awakenings (86%). Optimal care of SMS children is multidisciplinary and requires important parental involvement. In our series, half of patients were able to follow adapted schooling, but 70% of parents had to adapt their working time, illustrating the medical, social, educative, and familial impact of having a child with SMS.
Ethyl pyruvate improves white matter remodeling in rats after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mao Leilei , Sun Limin , Sun Jingyi , Sun Baoliang , Gao Yanqin , Shi Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in long‐term neurological deficits associated with white matter injury (WMI). Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple derivative of the endogenous energy substrate pyruvate with neuroprotective properties, but its role in recovery from WMI has not been explored.AimsThis study examines the effect of EP treatment on rats following TBI using behavioral tests and white matter histological analysis up to 28 days post‐injury.Materials and MethodsAnaesthetised adult rats were subjected to TBI by controlled cortical impact. After surgery, EP or Ringers solution (RS) was administrated intraperitoneally at 15 min after TBI and again at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h after TBI. Sensorimotor deficits were evaluated up to day 21 after TBI by four independent tests. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to assess white matter injury. Microglia activation and related inflammatory molecules were examined up to day 14 after TBI by immunohistochemistry or real‐time PCR.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that EP improves sensorimotor function following TBI as well as improves white matter outcomes up to 28 d after TBI, as shown by reduced myelin loss. Furthermore, EP administration during the acute phase of TBI recovery shifted microglia polarization toward the anti‐inflammatoryM2 phenotype, modulating the release of inflammatory‐related factors.ConclusionEP treatment may protect TBI‐induced WMI via modulating microglia polarization toward M2.
Differences in hearing recovery following intratympanic alone or intravenous dexamethasone with rescue intratympanic steroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A randomised trial
Authors: Huang Jie , Yang Li , Cao Xihong , Wang Wuqing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate hearing improvement at different frequencies and the safety of intratympanic (IT) and intravenous (IV) administration of dexamethasone for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).MethodsSSNHL patients were randomly divided into two groups within 72 hours after onset and received 24 days of dexamethasone therapy. Group A received IT dexamethasone once every other day for 24 days. Group B received IV dexamethasone for 12 days, followed by IT dexamethasone once every other day for the following 12 days. Hearing recovery and side effects were compared.ResultsSubgroup analysis was performed to look for variation in hearing improvement in high frequency, low frequency and overall hearing at different time points. There was no evidence of a difference in hearing outcomes between IT dexamethasone and sequential IV plus IT treatments. Side effects of steroids were observed within 90 days after treatment. The local adverse effects of IT injection were mild. The systemic side effects in group B were more serious than those in group A.ConclusionsIT dexamethasone was safer than IV dexamethasone, and there was no evidence of a difference in hearing outcomes between IT dexamethasone and sequential IV plus IT treatments. It is necessary to make individualised treatment decisions according to the patient's condition.
The prospective impact of 10‐day patron bans on crime in Queensland's largest entertainment precincts
Authors: Taylor Nicholas , Coomber Kerri , Zahnow Renee , Ferris Jason , Mayshak Richelle , Miller Peter G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionNight‐time entertainment precincts (NEP) are the site of a disproportionate amount of alcohol‐related violence, injuries and anti‐social behaviour. To combat this the Queensland government introduced patron bans in October 2014, giving police the power to exclude individuals from NEPs and preventing patrons from remaining in or entering the designated area or from designated premises for the ban duration. Mandatory identification scanners within licensed venues were also introduced, which are used to enforce patron bans. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of police‐issued 10‐day patron bans for preventing alcohol‐related violence or anti‐social behaviour occurring within NEPs during high‐alcohol hours.MethodsQueensland's largest NEPs; Brisbane central business district, Fortitude Valley and Surfers Paradise central business district; were examined. Time‐series autoregressive integrated moving average analyses were used to estimate the influence of 10‐day patron bans on police‐recorded serious assaults, common assaults and good order offences. Analyses controlled for the introduction of relevant policy and identification scanners.ResultsThe number of police‐issued patron bans did not significantly predict changes in serious assault, common assault or good order offence trends the weekend following the ban (within the 10‐day period).Discussion and ConclusionsThe current study was unable to find evidence indicating that 10‐day patron bans reduced alcohol‐related harms experienced in Queensland's largest NEPs in the short term. Further research needs to be conducted examining other types of patron bans, particularly longer bans issued in other jurisdictions or by licensees, and whether bans change individual's behaviour.
Postprandial triglyceride reduction following acute treatment of a selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐2c agonist and characterization using a semi‐physiological model
Authors: Leohr Jennifer , Heathman Michael , Kjellsson Maria C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and postprandial triglyceride (TG) response of single, escalating oral doses of a selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐2c (5‐HT2c) agonist in subjects with overweight/obesity and apply mechanistic population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modelling to identify a plausible drug mechanism of action.Materials and MethodsThis phase 1, single‐centre, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, four‐period, two‐alternating cohorts study evaluated single escalating oral doses ranging from 5 to 130 mg of LY2140112 (LY) in subjects with overweight/obesity (body mass index: 27–39 kg/m2). Postprandial TG response (total TG, chylomicrons and very low‐density lipoprotein particles [VLDL]‐V6) following a high‐fat meal were assessed for 11 h postmeal for each dose level. The PK profile was assessed for 96 h postdose. Drug exposure and TG concentrations in chylomicrons and VLDL‐V6 were used to characterize the drug mechanism of action using non‐linear mixed‐effect modelling.ResultsSeventeen subjects entered the study and 16 subjects received at least one dose of LY. LY2140112 was generally well tolerated up to 75 mg. The PK of LY were described by a two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination. The 100 and 130 mg dose levels of LY significantly reduced the postprandial TG of VLDL‐V6 by approximately 50%, while total TG and chylomicrons were not significantly different from placebo. The application of a published lipokinetic model successfully described the postprandial TG response in this study and indicated that LY reduced the conversion of TGs from chylomicron to VLDL‐V6.ConclusionsLY significantly reduced the postprandial TG of VLDL‐V6 following a single dose, when food consumption was controlled. The data indicate that a selective 5‐HT2c agonist alters lipid metabolism, beyond the reported reduction in satiety. The application of a semi‐physiological lipokinetic model enabled identification of a plausible drug mechanism of action of LY.
Dinner with the roommates: trophic niche differentiation and competition in a mutualistic ant‐ant association
Authors: Sprenger Philipp P. , Müsse Christian , Hartke Juliane , Feldmeyer Barbara , Schmitt Thomas , Gebauer Gerhard , Menzel Florian 
Published: December 2020

1. The potential for competition is highest among species in close association. Despite net benefits for both parties, mutualisms can involve costs, including food competition. This might be true for the two neotropical ants Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior, which share the same nest in a presumably mutualistic association (parabiosis).2. While each nest involves one Crematogaster and one Camponotus partner, both taxa were recently found to comprise two cryptic species that show no partner preferences and seem ecologically similar. Since these cryptic species often occur in close sympatry, they might need to partition their niches to avoid competitive exclusion.3. Here, we investigated first, is there interference competition between parabiotic Camponotus and Crematogaster, and do they prefer different food sources under competition? And second, is there trophic niche partitioning between the cryptic species of either genus?4. Using cafeteria experiments, neutral lipid fatty acid and stable isotope analyses, we found evidence for interference competition, but also trophic niche partitioning between Camponotus and Crematogaster. Both preferred protein‐ and carbohydrate‐rich baits, but at protein‐rich baits Ca. femoratus displaced Cr. levior over time, suggesting a potential discovery‐dominance trade‐off between parabiotic partners. Only limited evidence was found for trophic differentiation between the cryptic species of each genus.5. Although we cannot exclude differentiation in other niche dimensions, we argue that neutral dynamics might mediate the coexistence of cryptic species. This model system is highly suitable for further studies of the maintenance of species diversity and the role of mutualisms in promoting species coexistence.
Summative assessments of web‐based patient simulations of pre‐clinical local anaesthesia and non‐surgical extraction
Authors: McAlpin Elizabeth , Bergner Yoav , Levine Marci 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of web‐based patient simulations, a whole‐task simulation, in oral surgery education for second‐year pre‐clinical dental students on learning outcomes regarding cognitive, psychomotor and professional interpersonal skills for two topics: local anaesthesia and non‐surgical extractions.Materials and MethodsIn 2018–19, using an experimental design in a live course, we evaluated two web‐based patient simulations on student learning outcomes in an introductory course on oral maxillofacial surgery. The study was repeated across two semesters, Fall (N = 109) and Spring (N = 112), on two different topics, namely local anaesthesia and extractions, respectively. Learning outcomes were evaluated for each topic with two different assessment formats: a student‐recorded role‐play video project and a fifty‐item multiple‐choice test.ResultsFor both topics, local anaesthesia and non‐surgical extractions, students in the group, Web Sim, who used the web‐based patient simulation over and above the online lesson material earned significantly higher scores in the role‐play patient video project compared with the group, No Web Sim, who only used the online lesson materials. However, scores on the fifty‐item multiple‐choice test did not differ significantly between groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the web‐based patient simulation as a formative assessment type is a useful scaffolding tool for the summative student‐recorded role‐play patient video project due to the similarity in activity types that support clinical learning objectives.
Comorbidities and complications in adults with pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Boscoe Audra N. , Yan Yan , Hedgeman Elizabeth , van Beers Eduard J. , Al‐Samkari Hanny , Barcellini Wilma , Eber Stefan W. , Glader Bertil , Yaish Hassan M. , Chonat Satheesh , Sharma Mukta , Kuo Kevin H. M. , Neufeld Ellis J. , Wang Heng , Verhovsek Madeleine , Sheth Sujit , Grace Rachael F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesPyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is caused by PKLR gene mutations, leading to defective red blood cell glycolysis and hemolytic anemia. Rates of comorbidities and complications by transfusion history and relative to the general population remain poorly quantified.MethodsData for patients aged ≥ 18 years with two confirmed PKLR mutations were obtained from the PK deficiency Natural History Study (NCT02053480). Frequencies of select conditions were compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched cohort from a general insured US population without PK deficiency.ResultsCompared with the matched population (n = 1220), patients with PK deficiency (n = 122) had significantly higher lifetime rates of osteoporosis, liver cirrhosis, and pulmonary hypertension; splenectomy and cholecystectomy rates were also significantly higher in the 8 years before the index date. Sixty‐five (53.3%) patients with PK deficiency were classified as regularly transfused, 30 (24.6%) as occasionally transfused, and 27 (22.1%) as never transfused. Regularly transfused patients were significantly more likely than never transfused patients to have had splenectomy, cholecystectomy, and/or thrombosis. Liver iron overload was reported in 62% of patients and occurred regardless of transfusion cohort.ConclusionsEven never transfused patients with PK deficiency had higher rates of select comorbidities and complications than individuals without PK deficiency.
Distal hereditary motor neuropathies: Mutation spectrum and genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Frasquet Marina , Rojas‐García Ricard , Argente‐Escrig Herminia , Vázquez‐Costa Juan Francisco , Muelas Nuria , Vílchez Juan Jesús , Sivera Rafael , Millet Elvira , Barreiro Marisa , Díaz‐Manera Jordi , Turon‐Sans Janina , Cortés‐Vicente Elena , Querol Luis , Ramírez‐Jiménez Laura , Martínez‐Rubio Dolores , Sánchez‐Monteagudo Ana , Espinós Carmen , Sevilla Teresa , Lupo Vincenzo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeDistal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMNs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by degeneration of the motor component of peripheral nerves. Currently, only 15% to 32.5% of patients with dHMN are characterized genetically. Additionally, the prevalence of these genetic disorders is not well known. Recently, biallelic mutations in the sorbitol dehydrogenase gene (SORD) have been identified as a cause of dHMN, with an estimated frequency in undiagnosed cases of up to 10%.MethodsIn the present study, we included 163 patients belonging to 108 different families who were diagnosed with a dHMN and who underwent a thorough genetic screening that included next‐generation sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing of SORD.ResultsMost probands were sporadic cases (62.3%), and the most frequent age of onset of symptoms was 2 to 10 years (28.8%). A genetic diagnosis was achieved in 37/108 (34.2%) families and 78/163 (47.8%) of all patients. The most frequent cause of distal hereditary motor neuropathies were mutations in HSPB1 (10.4%), GARS1 (9.8%), BICD2 (8.0%), and DNAJB2 (6.7%) genes. In addition, 3.1% of patients were found to be carriers of biallelic mutations in SORD. Mutations in another seven genes were also identified, although they were much less frequent. Eight new pathogenic mutations were detected, and 17 patients without a definite genetic diagnosis carried variants of uncertain significance. The calculated minimum prevalence of dHMN was 2.3 per 100,000 individuals.ConclusionsThis study confirms the genetic heterogeneity of dHMN and that biallelic SORD mutations are a cause of dHMN in different populations.
Researching the Researcher: How I Used Data Analysis to Understand my Reading Habits
Authors: MATHÚNA STEPHEN Ó 
Published: December 2020

The digital world has given us unprecedented access to information about ourselves. As human beings we can quantify ourselves on the basis of how much we eat, how much we exercise, how many miles we've travelled, among dozens of other facets of our lives. As technology gives us access to more and more 1s and 0s, our ability to measure and codify ourselves grows exponentially.But these data can tell us stories, if we take the opportunity to stop and reflect on them. In this talk I examine one facet of my life ‐ my reading habits ‐ and put it under the microscope. I try to learn more about myself by examining seven years’ worth of raw data, collected across 200 books. Using the research findings I make recommendations to myself about my reading habits, addressing areas such as author diversity, genre variety, among others. In addition, I explore the power of books in evoking emotional memories. Books anchor us in place, in time, and in emotional contexts. I argue that these are invaluable opportunities, in a world that moves so fast we don't often have a chance at such reflection.