bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of spring and summer clutches of Great Crested Grebes (Podiceps cristatus)
Authors: Rajchard Josef , Navrátil Josef , Frazier Ryan J. , Ježková Eva , Marková Kateřina 
Published: November 2020

The intensively farmed fishponds of the Třeboň Basin in South Bohemia, Czech Republic host a substantial number Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) pairs that nest later than the expected spring season and instead in summer, which may be associated with fishpond farming. A two-factor nested ANOVA of Great Crested Grebe egg and clutch characteristics showed no differences between spring (May-June) and summer (July - August) seasonal clutches. High egg total volume in spring nests was significantly related to both decreasing distance between nests and decreasing number of nests on the fishpond. The increase of total egg volume in summer nests was significantly related to the distance to the edge of littoral vegetation. There is no substantial difference between spring and summer egg characteristics, but total egg volume in spring nests is dependent on other characteristics that those in summer nests.
Влияние миграции на численность и возрастной состав населения муниципальных образований разных типов в Башкортостане
Authors: Шамсутдинова Наиля Кадымовна , Прудников Вадим Борисович , Утяшева Ирина Борисовна , Хилажева Гульдар Фаритовна 
Published: November 2020

В статье произведена оценка вклада миграции в изменение численности и возрастной структуры населения различных типов муниципальных образований Республики Башкортостан. Среди таких типов выделены ядра (промышленные и образовательные центры, притягивающие человеческий капитал), тяготеющие к ядрам муниципалитеты, численность населения которых растет за счет влияния ядер (пригородные территории), а также периферийные районы, миграция из которых в пределы Уфимской и Южно-Башкортостанской агломераций носит безвозвратный характер. На первом этапе выполнен ретроспективный прогноз для представителей трех выделенных типов муниципальных образований на период 2008-2018 гг. Согласно его результатам наибольший выигрыш миграция принесла не ядрам, а тяготеющим к ним пригородным муниципальным образованиям, что отразилось в приросте численности их населения практически во всех возрастных группах, но прежде всего населения предпенсионного и пенсионного возраста. На втором этапе проведено сценарное прогнозирование численности населения муниципальных образований на период до 2029 г. Выделены четыре сценария развития миграционной ситуации. Результаты прогнозирования указывают на то, что прирост численности населения ядер агломераций и их пригородных территорий возможен только за счет продолжения миграционного притока, который, однако, не окажет значительного влияния на возрастную структуру. В то же время периферийные муниципальные районы, продолжая терять население, значительно «постареют». Таким образом, развитие ядер и пригородных территорий тесно сопряжено с потерей демографического потенциала отдающими население периферийными территориями. В результате в среднесрочной перспективе в Республике Башкортостан ожидается замедление прироста численности населения центров агломераций.
Quality of life assessment in chronic wound patients using the Wound-QoL and FLQA-Wk instruments
Authors: Vogt Tatiele Naiara , Koller Francisco José , Dias Santos Pamella Naiana , Lenhani Bruna Eloise , Guimarães Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt , Kalinke Luciana Puchalski 
Published: November 2020

Objective. To evaluate changes in the quality of life of patients with chronic wounds.
Methods. Quantitative research with a cross-sectional design performed with 100 patients with chronic wounds from a university hospital and a Basic Health Unit in southern Brazil. The mean values of the domains of the instruments Wound Quality of Life (Wound-QoL) and Freiburg Life Quality Assessment Wound were compared with sociodemographic variables of age, sex and education.
Results. The average age of the participants was 60.98 years old; 41% had diabetic ulcers and 83% treated the wounds for more than 24 months. The total quality of life value was below the mean with 37.50/100 with (Wound-QoL) and 44.20/100 with (FLQA-Wk). The variables of gender, and educational level were not correlated with either of the two instruments used to assess the quality of life. The age variable was significantly correlated with the satisfaction item of the FLQA-Wk.
Conclusion. The quality of life of patients with chronic wounds was considered poor. The age variable was correlated with the satisfaction domain, showing that the older the age, the lower the satisfaction. The use of instruments to evaluate the quality of life of patients with chronic wounds may help an effective treatment plan.
Filter Media Design for High Purity Air Applications
Authors: Schaefer James , Barris Marty , Liu Benjamin 
Published: November 2020

The design of high performance filter media for HEPA and ULPA applications is examined comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data. The analysis employs a hybrid filtration model. Pressure drop and particle collection efficiency in the region of minimum efficiency where particle diffusion is decreasing and particle interception is increasing as the particle size increases are examined as functions of particle diameter, velocity, and media geometry including fiber diameter, solidity, and thickness.
Several grades of filter media are characterized and tested for particle sizes in the region of the point of minimum efficiency at typical media rating and application velocities. Filter media performance comparisons are made that show how the point of minimum efficiency can be altered by velocity and media geometry changes. This information is used for a discussion of HEPA and ULPA media performance rating criteria with respect to test and application conditions.
Based upon the results of this study, filter media design, analysis, evaluation and application tools are presented for optimizing high performance filter media for HEPA applications, with suggested future trends based upon projected needs for improving the performance of HEPA media.
Managing Project Technical, Cost and Schedule Risks
Authors: Feiler Alfred , Geminder Robert 
Published: November 2020

An innovative technique for managing project risks in the aerospace and defense industry, that has been used on over 100 projects, is developed in this paper.
The technique is, in effect, a "second generation PERT" that accounts for, and deals with, the many uncertainties that impact project schedule, resource and cost performance. Included are factors such as: specification uncertainties; design, material and process uncertainties; escalation of cost factors; availability of qualified contractors and specialized equipment; contractor productivity; timeliness of material, equipment, and information deliveries; transportation and logistics support; environmental factors; rejects, rework and other delays due to quality of materials and products; and, mechanical breakdown and malfunctions during system/component testing and commissioning.
Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Testing for Return to Flight: Transient Pressure Test Article Test Program
Authors: Vibbart Charles 
Published: November 2020

The Transient Pressure Test Article (TPTA) test program is being conducted at a new test facility located in the east test area at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. This facility, along with the special test equipment (STE) required for facility support, was constructed specifically to test and verify the sealing capability of the redesigned solid rocket motor's (RSRM) field, igniter, and nozzle joints.
The test article consists of full scale RSRM hardware loaded with inert propellant and assembled in a short stack configuration. The TPTA is pressurized by igniting a propellant cartridge capable of inducing a pressure rise rate that simulates the ignition transient that occurs during launch. Dynamic loads are applied during the pressure cycle to simulate external tank attach (ETA) strut loads present on the ETA ring. Sealing ability of the redesigned joints is evaluated under joint movement conditions produced by these combined loads since joint sealing ability depends on seal resilience velocity being greater than gap opening velocity. Also, maximum flight dynamic loads are applied to the test article which is either pressurized to 600 psia using gaseous nitrogen (GN2) or applied to the test article as the pressure decays inside the test article on the down cycle after the ignition transient cycle.
This paper will present the uniqueness of this new test facility with respect to its capabilities. It will also touch on both the topic of test effectiveness versus space vehicle flight performance and new aerospace test techniques, as well as presenting a comparison between the old SRM design and the RSRM.
Particle Capture Mechanisms in Gases and Liquids: An Analysis of Operative Mechanisms in Membrane/Fibrous Filters
Authors: Grant Donald , Liu Benjamin , Fisher Wayne , Bowling R. 
Published: November 2020

Membrane filters are capable of reducing particles in fluids to very low levels through the action of several capture mechanisms. However, the effectiveness of these mechanisms at removing particles is influenced by the properties of the fluid undergoing filtration. This article reviews the theories of particle capture mechanisms and discusses their relative effectiveness in various fluid types.
Theory indicates that membrane filters remove essentially all particles from gas streams by interception and diffusion. In liquids, the operative particle capture mechanisms depend upon the physical chemistry of the particle-fluid-filter media system. Under favorable chemical conditions, the operative capture mechanisms are the same as in gases with essentially all particles removed. However, under unfavorable chemical conditions, only particle sieving occurs, and capture is greatly reduced. In addition, captured particles are less tightly held in liquids and shearing forces are larger, hence particle reentrainment is more likely.
Correlation Studies on Surface Particle Detection Methods
Authors: Peterson Ronald , White II James 
Published: November 2020

The accurate determination of dust levels on optical surfaces is necessary to assess sensor system performance. A comparison study was made on several particle measurement methods including those based on direct imaging and light scattering. The effectiveness of removing the particles from the surface prior to determining particle size distributions was also assessed.These studies revealed that some methods, especially those requiring particle removal before analysis, are subject to large systematic errors affecting particle size distributions. Thus, an understanding of the particle measurement methods employed is necessary before any surface cleanliness or obstruction value assignments are accepted as a true representation of an optical surface contamination condition.
Sub 0.1 Micron Particle Detection and Analysis Using High Sensitivity Nephelometry
Authors: Kreikebaum Gerhard 
Published: November 2020

This article describes the principles of operation of a novel approach to liquid nephelometry. The use of a modulated laser diode light source in combination with the liquid cell design allows measurements with a sensitivity of 0.00001 NTU, one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive than previous designs.
Data presented indicate the instrument response to sub 0.1 micron PSL spheres as well as sensitivity to colloidal silica to 6.3 parts per billion (ppb).
Illustrative examples will be given for the application of two simultaneous liquid nephelometers for filter collection efficiency testing as a function of challenge particle size, filter loading, and flow rate.
Assessing Wiping Materials for Their Potential to Contribute Particles to Clean Environments: Constructing the Stress-Strain Curves
Authors: Mattina Charles , Paley Steven 
Published: November 2020

An experimental procedure for stressing wipers such that the magnitude of the stresses are known, reproducible, and applied over a reasonable range, and such that the number of particles generated thereby is easily determined, is described. The stresses are administered by dragging weights of known mass and cross-sectional area across the surface of wetted wipers at known velocities and simultaneously measuring the resultant frictional forces. From these physical measurements, the frictional energy absorbed by the wipers is calculated. Plotting the number of particles generated versus this energy results in an empirical construction of the stress-strain curves.
Data and stress-strain curves are presented for a variety of wiping materials. The shapes of the curves are interpreted in terms of the physical characteristics of the wipers. The fact that the curves are independent of the rate with which energy is administered (i.e., the power) is discussed.
In an earlier presentation (1989 Annual Meeting of the Fine Particle Society, Boston, Massachusetts), a method for estimating the potential of wiping materials to contribute particles to clean environments was described. The research was predicated on the hypothesis that a wiper both releases particles already present on its surface and generates particles that do not yet exist but, in response to an applied mechanical stress, are created in some proportion to that stress. Also hypothesized was the existence of stress-strain curves for wiping materials, such that the number of particles released and generated per unit area of wiper is a function of the applied stress per unit area of wiper. The y-intercepts of these stress-strain curves, then, are interpretable as the number of particles released from a wiper under conditions of zero (or near-zero) mechanical stress. The authors gave a detailed description of a methodology for determining these y-intercepts and speculated on possible techniques for empirically determining the shape of the stress-strain curves.
Rok 1338 w ustrojowo-prawnych dziejach Śląska
Authors: Ptak Marian J. 
Published: November 2020

The year 1338 in the political and legal history of Silesia
The article is an attempt to examine the political and legal events in Silesia in 1338, usually left out of analyses because of their authors’ concentration on the previous year. The present author tackles the problem of vassal dukes of Głogów, their fi ght for the Duchy of Głogów, political activity of free dukes in the Duchy of Świdnica and Jawor, union of the Duchies of Opava and Racibórz as well as royal territories in Silesia and their system of governance.

Das Jahr 1338 in der staatsrechtlichen Geschichte SchlesiensDie Bearbeitung ist ein Versuch, sich mit den staatsrechtlichen Geschehnissen im Jahr 1338 in Schlesien zu befassen, die in der Regel außerhalb des Interessenbereiches der bisherigen Autoren blieben, da sie sich des Öfteren auf das vergangene Jahr konzentrierten. Sie wurde dem Problem der Glogauer Lehenfürsten und ihrem Kampf um das Fürstentum Glogau, der politischen Aktivität der freien Fürsten im Herzogtum Schweidnitz und Jauer, der Union der Troppauer und Ratiborer Herzöge sowie der königlichen Territorien in Schlesien und dem System ihrer Verwaltung gewidmet.
Sędziowie śledczy do spraw wyjątkowego znaczenia w II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Koredczuk Józef 
Published: November 2020

Investigating judges for matters of special importance in the Second Polish Republic
Investigating judges for matters of special importance, established in 1927, did not draw on the French model of investigating judges we found in the Code of the Criminal Procedure, but on the Russian model providing for judges for matters of special importance. They were judges in charge of proceedings in the most diffi cult, complicated, especially important cases beyond the competence of district investigating judges. With time they were also entrusted with political cases (e.g. of individuals accused in the Brest trials). The judges not only presided over proceedings of special importance, but also had a unique legal status. They were appointed at the Court of Appeal, but were subordinated to the Minister of Justice (Chief Prosecutor), who decided which cases would be entrusted to them, which made the institution not only unique but also political.

Ermittlungsrichter für Angelegenheiten von besonderer Bedeutung in der Zweiten Polnischen Republik
Die im Jahre 1927 bestellten Ermittlungsrichter [sędzia śledczy] für Angelegenheiten von besonderer Bedeutung, knüpften nicht an das französische Modell der Ermittlungsrichter an, mit dem wir in der Strafprozessordnung zu tun hatten, sondern an das russische Modell, das Richter für Angelegenheiten von besonderer Bedeutung vorsah. Es waren Richter, die schwierigste, äußerst komplizierte und besonders wichtige Verfahren führten, die über den Kompetenzbereich eines Bezirksermittlungsrichters hinausreichten. Mit der Zeit beauftragte man sie auch mit Sachen politischen Charakters (z.B. mit der Vertretung der im Brester Prozess angeklagten Personen). Die erwähnten Richter führten Sachen von besonderer Bedeutung und ihr Rechtstatus war auch ein besonderer. Obwohl sie beim Appellationsgericht [sąd apelacyjny] bestellt waren, so oblagen sie sachlich dem Justizminister (Oberstaatsanwalt), der über die ihnen anzuvertrauenden Sachen entschied. Auf diese Weise wurde aus einer außergewöhnlichen Institution noch eine politische.
First quantitative assessment of growth, sugar accumulation and malate breakdown in a single ripening berry
Authors: Shahood Rezk , Torregrosa Laurent , Savoi Stefania , Romieu Charles 
Published: November 2020

Background: Most approaches to grape physiology accept that the berry and the future harvest should display identical developmental features, which obviously requires synchronised fruits.Aims: Rejecting this assumption compels to revisit the kinetic and metabolic bases of berry ripening.Methods and Results: Two to three thousand berries were individually analysed for sugar, malate and weight. The huge heterogeneity in sugar and malic acid concentrations among fruits was mostly explained by time lags in the onset of sugar storage, which proved nearly as long as the second growth phase. Individual berries from different cultivars displayed similar kinetics following the normalisation of their maximal volume. Phloem sucrose unloading started at its maximum speed at softening, but growth resumed one week later. Four hexoses accumulated per malic acid, which was oxidised during the first two weeks of ripening, and then malate breakdown stopped without affecting sugar accumulation. Sugar and water accumulation were simultaneously arrested four weeks after softening, at 0.9 M hexose, at which point sugar concentration continued through water losses.Conclusions: The accepted sequential random sampling methods representative of average fruit and future wine compositions have led to a scrambled vision of grape developmental biology, presenting serious kinetic and composition biases. Single berry composition provides first quantitative evidence for the induction of a dominant H+/sucrose exchange on the tonoplast, which is first electro-neutralised by malate breakdown, then by ATP demanding H+ recirculation, in line with functional and molecular studies.Significance of the Study: The kinetics of single berry ripening are presented for the first time. A more reliable and reproducible model of berry growth, sugar import and malate breakdown is shown here, which have definitively been improved from a quantitative point of view. It illustrates that the temporal structure of a berry population may largely contribute to future wine quality, in addition to metabolic plasticity, thereby providing another target for the impact of GxE interaction. In this respect, addressing the structure of berry cohorts may provide a new approach regarding the developmental biology/terroir nexus.
Multilevel Completions in One Trip: Development and Deployment
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30747, “Tripping the Light Fantastic: When Three Become One,” by Euan Murdoch, SPE, Paul Day, and Steven Walduck, Weatherford, prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Houston, 4-7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
Typically, the completion of certain deepwater wells will necessitate the separate deployment of sandface, intermediate, and upper completions. What if this could be achieved in a single trip? In the simplest terms, completing in a single trip reduces the overall completion time by half and more. The complete paper describes the hurdles that have prevented single-trip installation of upper and lower completions in the complex world of subsea and deepwater applications and examines the processes, technologies, and risk-mitigation steps that took a concept from pilot to successful deployment.
Introduction
Almost universally in offshore operations, operators have elected to deploy completions in multiple trips. Simple completions on land are often deployed in a single-trip fashion, and the deployment of cemented single-trip gas-lift systems on platform locations in the Gulf of Thailand is commonplace. Subsea single-trip systems have been deployed in the Campos Basin; however, these tend to be relatively simple and in wells not requiring sand-control solutions. They typically consist of a safety valve, gas-lift mandrels, polished bore receptacle (PBR), production packer, and re-entry guide. At the time of writing, no one has run standalone screens as a single-trip system in deepwater applications.