bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion behavior of hybrid coconut shell powder and silica carbide reinforced aluminium composite towards aggressive biofilm attack
Authors: Suriani M J , Zulkifli F , Khairul M A , Azaman M D , Jarkoni M N K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study enveloped innovative uses of a hybrid agro waste and silica carbide incorporated with aluminium as a new hybrid composite materials for marine application. In this study, the purpose of adding coconut shell powder (CSP) from the agro waste and silicon carbide (SiC) as reinforcement aluminium composites materials for combating corrosion problem. The CSP was incorporated into the molten aluminium alloys varies from 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of weight percentages. The corrosion behaviour was determined by weight gain measurement (WGM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PP). As a results, 5% CSP reinforcement in hybrid aluminum composites contribute to excellent corrosion resistance performance by shifting the polarization curve towards the positive region, increases the value of polarization resistance, R

p
and reduces the I

corr
value. It can be concluded that, by adding CSP into aluminium composite has significantly increase the corrosion resistance towards a severe biofilm attack.
A review of hip fracture analysis subjected to impact loading
Authors: Zuki A A M , Mat F , Daud R , Kamaruddin N S , Ibrahim I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A hip fracture not only affects the body but it also the economy of human. Before improvement and prevention have been developed, research need to be done in order to identify the factors that contribute to the hip fracture. The objective of this paper is to review on past studies that related to factors that influence the impact of force to the proximal femur and to evaluate the relation of the results between computational analysis and experimental method. Experimental and finite element (FE) method is the main approaches to predict the hip fracture of the femur bone. There are several parameters of impact force such as body mass index, the thickness of soft tissue, impact velocity and stiffness of human body that influence the effect of hip fracture during fall. Based on the previous study, force and stiffness result between FE analysis and experimental have shown good correlation. For that reason, the FE method can be applied to predict future result related to the hip fracture research.
Impact response performance of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF)/carbon reinforced hybrid composite
Authors: Khor K H , Majid M S Abdul , Ridzuan M J M , Cheng E M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The number of fossil fuels is decreasing dramatically, whereas the amount of waste around the world is increasing due to the non-biodegradable petroleum-based product such as plastics. Therefore, impact response performance of pineapple leaf fibre/carbon reinforced hybrid epoxy composite was analysed with different layering sequences to replace non-biodegradable materials. The fibres laminates used for the hybrid composites were fabricated using interwoven between pineapple leaf fibre(PALF) and carbon fibre reinforced epoxy resin. The composites were made by using vacuum infusion method with a weight factor of 30% fibre and 70% epoxy resin. Other than the pure PALF reinforced epoxy composite, the PALF/carbon reinforced hybrid composites were using weight factor of 24% PALF and 6% carbon fibre. 5 types of layering sequences composites were fabricated that were, pure PALF, carbon/PALF/carbon, PALF/carbon/PALF, alternative PALF with carbon, and alternative carbon with PALF. Charpy impact test was used to obtain the impact strength of the hybrid composites. From the result obtained shows that layering sequences of PALF/carbon/PALF exhibited the highest impact strength that is around 100kJ/m2 compare with others, followed by alternatively PALF with carbon, alternatively carbon with PALF, carbon/PALF/carbon and lastly pure PALF.
Optimal control of a tetrahedral configured reaction wheels for Quaternion rotation based on rigid satellite model
Authors: Cherd T Vil , Daud R , Yaacob S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reaction wheel is the most popular actuator for the attitude manoeuvring of a satellite system due to its compact size, reliability and able to produce precise torque. However, for redundancy purposes, the reaction wheels are assembled in a tetrahedral configuration that is able to generate torque in any direction even when one of the reaction wheel fails. The tetrahedral configured reaction wheel causes the maximum torque generation to be uneven in any direction. Hence, the quaternion rotation is completed at different rate in different direction. In order to optimize the rotation rate, an optimal control using iterative method via GPOPS toolbox. It is then compared with the traditional Eigen-axis Quaternion Feedback control. The improvement shown by the optimal control to be between 3.49% to 25.11% improvement in manoeuvre time depending on the direction of manoeuvre. The optimal control is able to outperform the traditional control method.
Topology optimization of mandible fracture plate
Authors: Teo J W C , Khan S F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One of the most often fractured facial bones is mandible. It is also the most common fractured among the patient with multiple injuries. A mandible fracture plate is designed based on topology optimization to overcome the problem caused by standardized mandible fracture plate. The mandible fracture plate is design in Autodesk Inventor and it is analysed in shape generator to remove excessive material. The plate is simulated in ANSYS workbench in axial and multiple load. The plate is designed in three thickness that are 1.0mm, 1.5mm and 2.0mm. Each thickness is simulated using titanium alloy, stainless steel and polylactic acid (PLA). The mandible fracture plate is fabricated using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). By using topology optimization, the volume of mandible plate can be reduced up to 50%.
A review of motion capture systems for upper limb motion in throwing events: Inertial measurement unit
Authors: Noh S F A Ahmad , Baharudin M E , Nor A. Mohd , Saad Mohd Sazli , Zakaria Mohd Zakimi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, the need of motion capture of an athlete’s movement be among the most significance studies in sport performance analysis. The motion capture involves the use of sensing technology to track and store the movement. Thus, this review was done to present the studies on motion capture of the upper limbs movement in throwing events of the track and field sport. The databases were collected throughout the electronic media such as the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. From literature, it was found that IMUs technology is not widely used in motion capture for upper limbs movement in throwing events. However, this device has a huge benefit to improvise the athlete’s performances as well as their skills and techniques.
An experimental investigation of wind induced noise inside the small cavity in low wind speed
Authors: Hairudin W M , Kamarudin N M , Ean O L , Ismail N A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the wind noise produced inside the cavity model that replicate the two-way radio’s cavity. The experiment conducted with varies of cavity distance from the wind source of P1 (0.01m), P3 (0.078m), and P5 (0.146m) at the wind speed of 3.75m/s. The cavity has a length to depth ratios of 1.4. This preliminary measurement was to highlight the relationship between cavity positions and low speed wind flow that affect the sound pressure level occurred inside the cavity. The study also look on the impact this factor on the performance of two-way radio that causes unclear signal interference during windy condition. The results show that by increasing the distance of cavity position, the sound pressure level decreased. It shows that the farthest distance from the wind source, the noise level reduces.
Mechanical properties of commercial PLA filament as 3D printed parts utilizing fused filament fabrication
Authors: Zakaria H , Khan S F , Sabtu S N , Ibrahim M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the field of Additive Manufacturing, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is one of the methods used for prototyping and production applications. However, the performance of the printed parts produced can be affected by the various parameters used. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bonding between layers of 3D printed parts from 3D printer by using Polylactic Acid (PLA) with printing parameters, namely printing temperature, printing speed and raster angle. The specimens were printed by using Monoprice Maker Select 3D printer. Compression test and fatigue test were carried out to determine the behavior of true stress-strain and the lifespan of sample subjected to cycling loading. The influence of printing temperature, printing speed and raster angle is determined by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results show that printing temperature affect the bonding between layers of samples more than the printing speed and raster angle.
Safety and risk evaluation implementation at sheet metal stamping company using HIRARC model
Authors: Othman N L A , Hussain N S , Ibrahim D , Yaacob Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sheet metal stamping has been identified as one of the most hazardous and high-risk process in the world of manufacturing industries. This project was carried out at a sheet metal stamping company located in Perak which is a precision metal stamping company and is focused on 150 tons and 200 tons stamping only. A systematic analysis based on Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) standard was used to create a model of Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control (HIRARC) at the stamping department to determine hazardous process/areas for department operation and maintenance of observation, safety analysis, workplace inspection, safety checklist and high-risk investigation. Initial risk assessment was conducted by classifying the hazards in three types of level, such as High, Medium and Low. The severity of hazards was calculated to estimate the likelihood it will happen and to decide which process/area needs to be applied control measures implemented in the departments. The risk assessments were repeated, and the results were analyzed. From the analysis of risk assessment shows that a reduction of 17% from the high-risk level of 150 tons and 27% at 200 tons. Safety and health are very important to prevent the occurrence of accidents.
Fracture prediction on patient-specific tibia model with Osteogenesis Imperfecta under various loading direction
Authors: Mok C J , Basaruddin K S , Som M H Mat , Majid M S Abd , Sulaiman A. R. , Shukrimi A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aims to predict the fracture of bone with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) by considering the homogenization properties of real patient. A Type-III of osteotomy in OI femur was used as bone specimen. Nine representative volume element (RVE) models were developed based on μCT-images of bone specimen. Homogenized properties particularly the Young’s moduli of the RVEs was obtained based on homogenization theory in Voxelcon software. The obtained homogenized properties were then assigned to the OI patient-specific model that was developed from CT-images of real patient. The fracture of OI bone was predicted based on linear static analysis and finite element method under loadings of activity daily living (ADL). The results found that the fracture might be happen to the patient under jumping load case, whereas the subject is expected to be safe under standing still and walking load case.
The effect of support structure on RANS actuator disc for shallow water application
Authors: Rahman A , Yahaya N B , Rahman M T A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effect of support structure on the wake formation of the tidal turbine needs to be considered when investing in a tidal energy farm. The wake resulted from the support structure may vary with the array of turbine. There is various type of support structure that are under development and each type of the support structure exhibit a different behaviour of the wakes.. Four types of geometry of the support structure such as cylinder, ellipse, square and diamond were analyzed using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). The k-epsilon turbulence model was used to analyze the effects of the support structure. From this study, the flow of turbulence on each support structure exhibits different behaviour. For a single turbine, it was found that ellipse geometry of the support structure indicates the shortest turbulence form. However, in terms of velocity deficit the diamond geometry illustrates the highest value followed by the square, cylinder and ellipse geometry. For the array configuration, it proves that the 1.5D for distances between two turbines is acceptable since turbulence occurrence is separated from each of the turbine. In addition, for three turbines arrangement, the separation between the first and second rows is agreeable on 3D because the wakes are well merged and almost return to ambient condition at 1D downstream. Based on the results of this research it can be concluded that ellipse support structure shows promising results due to the wake formation recovers back to the inlet velocity the fastest among the other support structure when passing through the tidal turbine.
Minimization Response Time Task scheduling Algorithm
Authors: Maqsood Maria , Lashari Saima Anwar , Saare Murtaja Ali , Sari Sari Ali , Hussein Yaqdhan Mahmood , Hatem Hatem Oday 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Cloud computing is a type of computing that base on shared computer resources for delivering information technology services. Distributed Computational system has been considered as best systematic model for sharing resources. Minimization of response time is the requirement in the distributed computational system. Previous Algorithm belongs to the optimization in which every new Virtual Machine reaching as a request to the cloud computing manager. This creates disturbance in the processing during life cycle of others Virtual Machines. For overcome this problem, there is a proposed an algorithm for minimization response time in distributed computational system by using the multi agents cloud structure. The overall system is architecture as a distributed over multi layered model. This leads to a situation that demands high care in allocating a Virtual Machine (VM) to a server machine in order to improve allocation time and efficiency of resources. Focus of this work remains to decrease time of allocation to optimize response time using a Virtual Machine (VM) placement and allocation algorithm that accounts Virtual. Machines (VM), their types and available resources among the data center server machines. Presented algorithm is implemented by using cloud simulator tool, through this tool, the calculated results of presented algorithm have been quite better with respect to traditional algorithm, and the difference presented with graphs for the both algorithms. Results support proposed methodology.
National Instruments LabVIEW Biomedical Toolkit for Measuring Heart Beat Rate and ECG LEAD II Features
Authors: Khong W L , Mariappan M , Kameswara Rao N S V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Electrocardiogram (ECG) is undoubtedly the gold method for assessing heart activities. However, the ECG machine for measuring ECG is mostly only available in health care center especially in the third-world countries. Therefore, this research proposed to utilize the product of National Instruments i.e. LabVIEW Biomedical Toolkit and data acquisition device as an alternative approach to acquire ECG features and heart beat rate (HBR). As for performances verification, the NI-LabVIEW instruments are tested simultaneously with two types of ECG machine which are Philips PageWriter TC 30 and KenZ ECG 108. The results indicated that the ECG features and HBR obtained from NI-LABVIEW instruments are agreed well with the measurements attained from both of the ECG machines. Hence, this study proved that NI-LabVIEW instruments are highly potent for measuring ECG features and HBR. Moreover, the computerized NI-LabVIEW instruments with the self-interpretation function can always outperform most of the conventional ECG machines that are still required cardiologists for manually interpreting the results printed on the ECG paper.
pH Prediction of Perlis Sunshine Mango Using NIR Spectrometer
Authors: Woo P S , Ibrahim M F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To evaluate the various internal quality attributes of fruits, NIR spectroscopy techniques are undoubtedly quick and non-destructive tools. Acidity (pH) is one of the main quality attributes in mango fruits. Generally, it is being predicted in destructive way. The aim of this research was to develop calibration model and prediction of pH in Perlis Sunshine mangoes using NIR spectrometer. The transmission spectra of Sunshine mangoes were acquired in the wavelength range from 300 to 1000 nm. The effects of different types of pre-processing methods and spectra treatments, such as baseline correction, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing, second order derivative (SG) and normalisation were analyzed. The prediction models were developed by partial least squares (PLS) regression. The coefficient of determination (R2) of pH was 0.928 and the standard error of cross-validation (SECV) was 0.153. The results indicated that by using the NIR measurement system, in the suitable spectral range, it is possible to predict the pH of mango fruits by non-destructively.
Intelligent control of a modular power assisted stretcher for indoor application
Authors: Dechathanat T , Seksan C , Pramot S , Chote N , Ismail A H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the development of an intelligent control of a modular power assisted stretcher movement on flat and sloped floors for indoor environment. Conceptual design techniques are used to select the best concept for prototyping power assist systems. The operator's movement intention and related voltage data is sensed by an Eight-axis hall effect sensor. It proposes the use of PID controller to optimize and maintain the velocity of the stretcher adapted to different weight and floor conditions. A stepping motor is applied to drive each wheel to respond appropriately to different floor and steering conditions (flat or sloped, straight section or turns). Without assistance it would be impractical for an operator to move a loaded stretcher (with patient and accessories) weighing up to approximately 100 kg on 15 degrees straight slope-up / slope-down floor sections. The power assist application turns this into an easy operation.
Tree Crown Density Analysis from Hyperspectral Image
Authors: Zulkafli Rina Syazwani , Shukor SAA 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate whether reflectance data of hyperspectral image of an area could be used to extract related physical features to produce mapping of vegetation density. This paper explains on estimating percentage of vegetation coverage based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Image segmentation based on thresholding was used to separate different features of the land entities like soil, water and road. From here, NDVI values can be integrated for further segmenting the vegetation features. The colour segmentation method is then able to classify the vegetation according to their density level, which can be used to determine tree crown density. Test conducted towards a hyperspectral image shows that different density level can be extracted, where it contains about 7.5% high level tree crown density, 1.8% medium crown density and 5% low. More tests need to be conducted in order to proof the workability of the developed algorithm in analysing hyperspectral images from tree crown density mapping.
Map-Based Localization Indoor Environment for Object Tracking using RF Trackers
Authors: Hing C H , Fong P W K , Syed Zakaria S M M , Kamarudin L M , Zakaria A , Kanagaraj E , Kamarudin K , Rahim Y A , Ahmad N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper proposed a RF-based mapping-based indoor localization technique to locate their packages and items. The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is commonly used in trilateration to allocate the packages or items location. However, several problems need to overcome to increase the accuracy of the RSSI signal propagation for the localization. The problems include the complexity of the indoor environment will affect the radio waves experienced multipath effect such as the signal may be reflected, refracted, absorbed or blocked by other matter. The paper is designed to study the propagation of radio waves in indoor conditions, identify the type of antenna used and determine the accuracy of the localization model. The RSSI is recorded for every 1m until reached the maximum read range of 20m to study the behaviour of radio waves propagation and the relationships between RSSI and distance. The RSSI mapping experiment was carried out to determine the type of antenna used to carry out the experiment. The localization is performed with mapping-based technique to predict the random coordinates in the testbed. The predicted coordinates and actual coordinates were compared to determine the accuracy of the localization model. The error between the actual coordinates and predicted coordinates can achieve an average of 0.95 meter. The RF mapping-based indoor localization technique results shown that the effectiveness of the techniques to be implemented in a company to improve the efficiency in the production line.
Design and Development of a Reconfigurable Screw-wheeled Omnidirectional Mobile Robot
Authors: Safar M.J.A. , Samsol M.H. , Ismail A.H. , Basah S.N. , Basaruddin K.S. , Salleh A.F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Omnidirectional mobility plays an important role for mobile robots to provide flexibility in their motion. However, most of the existing omnidirectional mechanisms are only superior in indoor applications, but inappropriate for outdoor purposes. This paper introduces the design and development of an omnidirectional mobile robot with reconfigurable screw-wheeled mechanism. The orientation of the screw wheels is adjustable in order to enable flexibility in traction control to provide more propulsion drive in certain conditions. The experimental results are given to demonstrate the performance of the omnidirectional mobile robot on different ground surfaces and different wheel’s orientation.
Oil Palm Plantation Monitoring from Satellite Image
Authors: Sum Andrew Foong Weng , Shukor S.A.A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Malaysia is one of the largest palm oil producers in the world. To meet the production, its plantation needs to be monitored accordingly. Manual monitoring is no longer feasible due to energy, cost and time consumption. Remote sensing technology such as satellite images can be utilized for palm oil monitoring as they are cost effective, time and energy saving, and able to enhance the possibility of classifying the vegetation through spectral and texture analyses. Due to its impact towards Malaysia economy, an effective monitoring of palm oil plantation can be done by using satellite image to maintain the sustainability of palm oil in Malaysia. This project utilized the computation of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) to determine the plant health. Relationship of NDVI and SAVI with respect to temperature and precipitation is studied based on the data obtained from Malaysian Meteorology Department. By using regression model technique, the relationship of the plant health based on NDVI analysis, nitrogen content based on SAVI analysis and temperature is found out to be highly correlated while plant health and precipitation is found out to be no or low correlated. The results can be utilized by the plantation operators, especially independent smallholders in monitoring the health status of the palm oil trees to ensure high productivity.