bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel strategy for food safety risk management and communication: Risk identification for benzoic acid residues in pickled vegetables
Authors: Lin Ding‐Yan , Tsai Cheng‐Han , Huang Ying , Ye Siou‐Bang , Lin Che‐Hsuan , Lee Ku‐Yuan , Wu Min‐Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBenzoic acid (BA) is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative to prolong the shelf‐life of pickled vegetables. A method for rapidly determining the BA content in forty pickled vegetable samples was developed by coupling ultrasonic extraction with surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and an adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least‐squares (AirPLS) algorithm. The results obtained with this method were compared and correlated with those from high‐performance liquid chromatography measurements. Amplification of the Raman scattering via the SERS effect was induced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) when BA was irradiated with a 785 nm laser. The AirPLS algorithm was used to reduce the background interference signal, which was also amplified. The amplified Raman scattering effect of BA in the pickled vegetables displayed a positive and significant correlation with the HPLC concentration of BA, with high reproducibility. For HPLC determination of the concentration of BA in the range of 0–820 ppm, the BA monomer's intensity of the 944–1,005 cm−1 and 1,366–1,373 cm−1 peaks, and BA dimer's intensity of the 1,025 cm−1 and 1,465–1,482 cm−1 peaks in the SERS spectrum were respectively converted to the Z‐ratio BA monomer and Z‐ratio BA dimer standard scores by Z‐Score conversion. The sum's (Z‐ratio BA monomer + Z‐ratio BA dimer) sensitivity was 100%, and specificity was 90.9% by receiver operating characteristic curve. This study found that a Raman spectroscopy‐based monitoring method can be one of the fastest screening inspection options that can complete an analysis within a short period of time and produce reliable results. This approach is particularly cost‐effective, which makes it suitable for the initial screening of raw materials and provides an effective management strategy easy to communicate with food safety officials.
Supervariants identification for breast cancer
Authors: Hu Jianchang , Li Ting , Wang Shiying , Zhang Heping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn genome‐wide association studies, signals associated with rare variants and interactions between genes are hard to detect even when the sample size is in tens of thousands. To overcome these problems, we examine the concept of supervariant. Like the classic concept of the gene, a supervariant is a combination of alleles in multiple loci, but the contributing loci can be anywhere in the genome. We hypothesize that supervariants are easy to detect and the aggregated signals are more stable in their associations with the disease than that from a single nucleoid polymorphism. Using the UK Biobank databases, we develop a ranking and aggregation method for identifying supervariants. Specifically, we examine 9,377 breast cancer cases with 46,861 controls matched by sex and age. In our simulations, the use of supervariants outperforms single‐nucleotide polymorphism‐based association method in detecting rare variants and signals with interactive structure. In real data analysis, we identify supervariants on Chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, and 22 which cover previously reported loci that have associations with breast or other cancers, and several novel loci on Chromosomes 2, 5, 9, and 12. These findings demonstrate the validity of supervariants and its potential of discovering replicable and novel results for complex disease.
Carotid occlusion: Impact of cerebral hemodynamic impairment on cognitive performances
Authors: Viticchi Giovanna , Falsetti Lorenzo , Buratti Laura , Acciarri Maria C. , Emiliani Andrea , Bartolini Marco , Silvestrini Mauro 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of carotid artery occlusion (CO) may be associated with different cognitive performances in relation to the side of the occlusion and its hemodynamic consequences.MethodsDuring a 12‐month period, 61 asymptomatic patients, 32 with right and 29 with left CO, were enrolled. Each patient underwent an assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to hypercapnia with transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography using the breath‐holding index (BHI). Neuropsychological assessment evaluating performances of the hemisphere ipsilateral to CO were administered at entry (T0) and then repeated after 2 years (T1).ResultsScores obtained at colored progressive matrices (CPM) and Rey Complex Figure Copy Test were significantly lower at T0 in patients with reduced BHI values ipsilateral to CO. Multivariate models showed that reduced BHI values were also associated to a significant decrease from T0 to T1 in scores obtained for CPM and Categorical Verbal Fluency tests, respectively, in patients with right (P = 0.002) or left CO (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that hemodynamic alterations could be involved in the reduction in cognitive function regulated by the hemisphere ipsilateral to CO. The assessment of CVR with TCD ultrasonography may be a reliable approach for the individuation of asymptomatic patients with CO at increased risk of cognitive deterioration.
Working memory training restores aberrant brain activity in adult attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Salmi Juha , Soveri Anna , Salmela Viljami , Alho Kimmo , Leppämäki Sami , Tani Pekka , Koski Anniina , Jaeggi Susanne M. , Laine Matti 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of treatments for attention impairments is hampered by limited knowledge about the malleability of underlying neural functions. We conducted the first randomized controlled trial to determine the modulations of brain activity associated with working memory (WM) training in adults with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). At baseline, we assessed the aberrant functional brain activity in the n‐back WM task by comparing 44 adults with ADHD with 18 healthy controls using fMRI. Participants with ADHD were then randomized to train on an adaptive dual n‐back task or an active control task. We tested whether WM training elicits redistribution of brain activity as observed in healthy controls, and whether it might further restore aberrant activity related to ADHD. As expected, activity in areas of the default‐mode (DMN), salience (SN), sensory‐motor (SMN), frontoparietal (FPN), and subcortical (SCN) networks was decreased in participants with ADHD at pretest as compared with healthy controls, especially when the cognitive load was high. WM training modulated widespread FPN and SN areas, restoring some of the aberrant activity. Training effects were mainly observed as decreased brain activity during the trained task and increased activity during the untrained task, suggesting different neural mechanisms for trained and transfer tasks.
Whole‐brain functional connectivity correlates of obesity phenotypes
Authors: Park Bo‐yong , Byeon Kyoungseob , Lee Mi Ji , Chung Chin‐Sang , Kim Se‐Hong , Morys Filip , Bernhardt Boris , Dagher Alain , Park Hyunjin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDysregulated neural mechanisms in reward and somatosensory circuits result in an increased appetitive drive for and reduced inhibitory control of eating, which in turn causes obesity. Despite many studies investigating the brain mechanisms of obesity, the role of macroscale whole‐brain functional connectivity remains poorly understood. Here, we identified a neuroimaging‐based functional connectivity pattern associated with obesity phenotypes by using functional connectivity analysis combined with machine learning in a large‐scale (n ~ 2,400) dataset spanning four independent cohorts. We found that brain regions containing the reward circuit positively associated with obesity phenotypes, while brain regions for sensory processing showed negative associations. Our study introduces a novel perspective for understanding how the whole‐brain functional connectivity correlates with obesity phenotypes. Furthermore, we demonstrated the generalizability of our findings by correlating the functional connectivity pattern with obesity phenotypes in three independent datasets containing subjects of multiple ages and ethnicities. Our findings suggest that obesity phenotypes can be understood in terms of macroscale whole‐brain functional connectivity and have important implications for the obesity neuroimaging community.
Assessment of operative competency for thyroidectomy: Comparison of resident self‐assessment vs attending surgeon assessment
Authors: Kim Alexandrea H. , Vaughn Cory A. , King Deanne L. , Maizels Max , Meade Patrick , Stack Brendan C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐awareness of skill, essential for progression as a surgeon, has direct bearing on postresidency practice; however, studies have supported that residents achieve self‐perceived competence later than believed by program directors. This study compares residents' self‐perception of operative competency to attending surgeon's evaluation using Computer Enhanced Visual Learning, a validated online hemithyroidectomy‐specific assessment tool.MethodsEleven otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery (HNS) residents completed a preoperative module and postoperative survey, later reviewed by an attending surgeon. Eighty‐three performances were assessed for inter‐rater reliabilities of key surgical steps.ResultsAlmost perfect agreement (Kappa = 0.81‐1.00) was shown in 11 of 18 parameters. Substantial agreement (Kappa = 0.61‐0.80) was demonstrated in the remaining seven parameters.ConclusionsOtolaryngology‐HNS trainees have high self‐awareness of their performance at each step in a hemithyroidectomy. Standardized assessment tools can allow for documentation of procedural performance and serve as guides for improvement. This is the only study to examine otolaryngology‐HNS trainees' self‐perceived skill compared to an attending surgeon's assessment for hemithyroidectomy.
A new synthetic metamodel methodology for liquid‐propellant engine's cooling system optimization
Authors: Alimohammadi Hamid Reza , Naseh Hassan , Ommi Fathollah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present paper strives for optimization of the cooling system of a liquid‐propellant engine (LPE). To this end, the new synthetic metamodel methodology utilizing the design of experiment method and the response surface method was developed and implemented as two effective means of designing, analyzing, and optimizing. The input variables, constraints, objective functions, and their surfaces were identified. Hence, the design and development strategy of combustion chamber and nozzle was clarified, and 64 different experiments were carried out on the RD‐161 propulsion system, of which 47 experiments were approved and compatible with the problem constraints. This engine used all three modes of cooling: the radiation cooling, the regenerative cooling, and the film cooling. The response surface curves were drawn and the related objective function equations were obtained. The analysis of variance results indicate that the developed synthetic model is capable to predict the responses adequately within the limits of input parameters. The three‐dimensional response surface curves and contour plots have been developed to find out the combined effects of input parameters on responses. In addition, the precision of the models was assessed and the output was interpreted and analyzed, which showed high accuracy. Therefore, the desirability function analysis has been applied to LPE's cooling system for multiobjective optimization to maximize the total heat transfer and minimize the cooling system pressure loss simultaneously. Finally, confirmatory tests have been conducted with the optimum parametric conditions to validate the optimization techniques. In conclusion, this methodology optimizes the LPE's cooling system, a 2% increase in the total heat transfer, and a 38% decrease in the pressure loss of the cooling system. These values are considerably large for the LPE design.
Disease progression patterns and risk factors associated with mortality in deceased patients with COVID‐19 in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Chen Liang , Liu Song , Tian Juncai , Pan Haisong , Liu Yu , Hu Jun , Wang Maoren , Hou Xuewen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDetailed descriptions of the patterns of disease progression of deceased coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients have not been well explored.ObjectivesThis study sought to explore disease progression patterns and risk factors associated with mortality of deceased patients with COVID‐19.Materials and MethodsEpidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data (from 15 January to 26 March 2020) of laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 patients were collected retrospectively from two hospitals, Hubei province, China. Disease progression patterns of patients were analyzed based on laboratory data, radiological findings, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Risk factors associated with death were analyzed.ResultsA total of 792 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 68 died and 724 survived. Complications during hospitalization, such as sepsis, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, and acute kidney injury, were markedly more frequent in deceased patients than in surviving patients. Deceased patients presented progressive deterioration pattern in laboratory variables, chest computed tomography evaluation, and SOFA score, while surviving patients presented initial deterioration to peak level involvement followed by improvement pattern over time. Days 10 to 14 after illness onset was a critical stage of disease course. Older age, number of preexisting comorbidities ≥2, and SOFA score were independently associated with death for COVID‐19.ConclusionsMultiorgan dysfunction was common in deceased COVID‐19 patients. Deceased patients presented progressive deterioration pattern, while surviving patients presented a relatively stable pattern during disease progression. Older age, number of preexisting comorbidities ≥2, and SOFA score were independent risk factors for death for COVID‐19.
Mid‐term trends and recent birth‐cohort‐dependent changes in incidence rates of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Italy
Authors: Bucchi Lauro , Mancini Silvia , Crocetti Emanuele , Dal Maso Luigino , Baldacchini Flavia , Vattiato Rosa , Giuliani Orietta , Ravaioli Alessandra , Caldarella Adele , Carrozzi Giuliano , Ferretti Stefano , Filiberti Rosa Angela , Fusco Mario , Gatti Luciana , Gili Alessio , Magoni Michele , Mangone Lucia , Mazzoleni Guido , Michiara Maria , Panato Chiara , Piffer Silvano , Piras Daniela , Rosso Stefano , Rugge Massimo , Scala Umberto , Tagliabue Giovanna , Tumino Rosario , Stanganelli Ignazio , Falcini Fabio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Oceania, North America and north‐western Europe, after decades of increase, cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) rates began to stabilise or decline before 2000. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the reversal of the incidence trend is extending to southern Europe. To obtain a formal confirmation, this nationwide study from Italy investigated the incidence trends by birth cohort. Twenty‐one local cancer registries covering a population of 15 814 455 provided incidence data for primary CMM registered between 1994 and 2013. Trends in age‐standardised rates were analysed using joinpoint regression models and age‐period‐cohort models. Age‐standardised incidence showed a consistent increase throughout the period (estimated annual percent change, 3.6 [95% confidence interval, 3.2‐4.0] among men and 2.5 [2.0‐3.1] among women). This pattern was confirmed by a sensitivity analysis with removal of low‐risk populations of southern Italy. The rates, however, showed a stabilisation or a decrease in men and women aged below 35. Using the cohort of 1949—the median cohort with respect to the number of cases for both genders—as a reference, the incidence rate ratio increased for successive cohorts born until 1973 (women) and 1975 (men), and subsequently tended to decline. For the most recent cohorts in both genders, the risk of disease returned to the level of the cohort of 1949. The changes observed in the latest generations can be interpreted as the earliest manifestations of a birth‐cohort‐dependent incidence decrease. Our study adds to previous data indicating that the reversal of the long‐term upward incidence trend of CMM is extending to southern Europe.
Terms of trade and real domestic income: New evidence from South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Basnet Hem C. , Devkota Satis C. , Upadhyay Mukti P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStudies that examine the long‐run impact of terms of trade on economic growth mostly indicate that an increase in the terms of trade (TOT) results in higher economic growth and a decrease in TOT results in lower growth. We examine this assertion in the context of eight South and Southeast Asian emerging economies. Economic growth over the last three decades has been impressive in the region though TOT has shown an overall declining trend. Using panel cointegration and pooled mean group estimation techniques, we establish a long‐run relationship between TOT and income, and TOT and investment. Our Fully Modified OLS results provide adequate evidence of the long‐run relationship of TOT with income and investment in South and Southeast Asia. Despite a positive relationship, TOT movements do not exert a significantly large impact on income in the short run.
DFT, DLPNO‐CCSD(T), and NEVPT2 benchmark study of the reaction between ferrocenium and trimethylphosphine
Authors: Chamkin Aleksandr A. , Serkova Elena S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe reaction between ferrocenium and trimethylphosphine was studied using density functional theory (DFT), domain‐based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster theory with single‐, double‐, and perturbative triple excitations (DLPNO‐CCSD(T)), and N‐electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2). The accuracy of the DFT functionals decreases compared to the DLPNO‐CCSD(T) level in the following order: M06‐L > TPSS > M06, BLYP > PBE, PBE0, B3LYP > > PWPB95 > > DSD‐BLYP. The roles of thermochemical, continuum solvation (SMD), and counterpoise corrections were evaluated. Grimme's D3 empirical dispersion correction is essential for all functionals studied except M06 and M06‐L. The reliability of the frequency calculations performed directly within the SMD was confirmed. The systems showed no significant multireference character according to T1 and T2 diagnostics and the fractional occupation number (FOD) weighted electron density analysis. The multireference NEVPT2 calculations gave qualitatively valid conclusions about the reaction mechanism. However, a multireference approach is generally not recommended because it requires arbitrary chosen active spaces.
A novel CD2 staining–based flow cytometric assay for assessment of natural killer cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Zhang Dan , Teng Rui , Lv Nan , Lei Lei , Wang Yanmeng , Williamson Ramone A. , Chen Ping , Gao Peigen , O'Dwyer Michael , Li Ang , Hu Jinsong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAssessing cytotoxicity is fundamental to studying natural killer (NK) cell function. Various radioactive and non‐radioactive cytotoxicity assays measuring target cell death have been developed. Among these methods, the most commonly used 51Chromium‐release assay (CRA) and flow cytometry–based cytotoxicity assays (FCCs) are the major representatives. Nonetheless, several drawbacks, including dye leakage and the potential effects of prior labeling on cells, curb the broad applicability of the FCCs.MethodsHere, we report a rapid FCC for quantifying target cell death after co‐incubation with NK cells. In this assay, after 4 hours of NK cell‐target cell co‐incubation, fluorochrome‐conjugated CD2 antibody was used to identify NK cells, and SYTOX Green and Annexin V‐FITC were further used to detect target cell death in CD2‐negative population. In parallel, both CRA and FCC assay using CFSE/ 7‐AAD were performed to validate the reproducibility and replicability.ResultsWe observed that CD2 is exclusively positive on NK cells other than the most common hematological target tumor cells, such as K562, HL60, MOLM13, Raji, NCI‐H929, rpmi8226, MM.1S, and KMS11. Assessment of target cell death using the CD2‐based FCC shows a significantly higher percent specific lysis of the target cells compared to the standard CRA and the FCC assay using CFSE and 7‐AAD.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that this CD2‐based FCC is a fast, simple, and reliable method for evaluating NK cell cytotoxicity.
Engineering mindsets and learning outcomes in elementary school
Authors: Lottero‐Perdue Pamela S. , Lachapelle Cathy P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudents may exhibit growth mindsets, where intelligence is seen as malleable and failures prompt more effort and new approaches, or fixed mindsets, where intelligence is seen as immutable and failures indicate lack of intelligence. One's mindset in general may be different from that for a particular domain such as engineering. Having a growth mindset predicts more positive learning outcomes.PurposeWe described the general and engineering mindsets of students in fifth‐grade U.S. classrooms (ages 10 and 11) who received engineering instruction. We explored how general mindsets may predict engineering learning outcomes and how engineering mindsets may be predicted by general mindset and other variables.Design/MethodWe collected General Mindset (GM) and Engineering Mindset (EM) surveys from 2,086 fifth graders. We analyzed and correlated their GM and EM scores and survey item responses. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we measured the contribution of GM to models predicting EM and engineering learning outcomes and identified factors that predicted EM.ResultsAlmost three quarters of students who submitted EM surveys agreed with a growth mindset. Students with higher GM scores had higher engineering postassessment scores. Those who had a higher socioeconomic status did not receive special education services, experienced more whole‐class discussion and activity, or had a higher GM score were more likely to have a more growth‐minded EM score.ConclusionsEngineering education should help students see that they can grow in their capacities to engineer. Instructional interventions may positively impact mindset, which could be particularly important for some students. Engineering design may encourage an especially growth‐minded approach to failure experiences.
The clinical impact and risk factors of latent pancreatic fistula after pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Ohgi Katsuhisa , Yamamoto Yusuke , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Ashida Ryo , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundLatent pancreatic fistula (LPF) is difficult to diagnose during the early postoperative phase because of initially normal drain fluid amylase (DFA) levels. The present study investigated the clinical significance and risk factors of LPF after pancreatoduodenectomy.MethodsA total of 662 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. LPF was defined as pancreatic fistula that developed later regardless of initially low DFA levels.ResultsAmong the 372 patients with DFA ≤375 U/L (three times the upper limit for serum) on postoperative day (POD) 3, LPF occurred in 37 (10%). The rates of postoperative hemorrhaging (11% vs 1.5%), intraabdominal abscess (57% vs 7.2%) and reintervention (46% vs 2.7%) were significantly higher in the patients with LPF than in those without LPF. A multivariate analysis revealed that a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, a non‐combined portal vein resection, a DFA on POD 1 ≥650 U/L and a C‐reactive protein level on POD 3 ≥11 mg/dL were independent risk factors for LPF.ConclusionsLatent pancreatic fistula was significantly associated with severe complications and worse outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy. Early drain removal may be unfavorable for patients with some of these risk factors.