bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual heterogeneity in resource selection has implications for mortality risk in white‐tailed deer
Authors: Haus Jacob M. , Webb Stephen L. , Strickland Bronson K. , McCarthy Kyle P. , Rogerson Joseph E. , Bowman Jacob L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIndividual animals vary in their selection of habitat as a function of sex, age, and experience. Such individual heterogeneity is important when decomposing segments of the population that may or may not respond to habitat or population management, or when targeting management that has greater potential for increasing demographic responses (e.g., survival). We examined individual heterogeneity in habitat selection during the hunting season using multilevel step selection models for 59 adult (≥2.5 yr old) white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) of both sexes. We used fractal analysis to determine the scale at which animals perceived and responded to the landscape, and modeled selection using covariates for use of agriculture, wetland, edge, forest interior, and distance to road. We tested for differences in individual‐specific habitat selection between age classes and modeled survival as a function of individual‐specific selection using proportional hazard modeling. At the population level, males selected for agriculture and forest interior and avoided roads, while adult females selected for agriculture. Individual‐specific selection of forest interior differed between age classes in males, with mature males selecting interior forest less frequently than immature males. Risk of mortality was related negatively to individual‐specific selection for wetland areas in males and forest interior for females. No habitat variables that were selected for or avoided at the population level influenced mortality risk at the individual level, suggesting management efforts based on traditional population‐level analysis may be misguided. Managers attempting to influence population dynamics via habitat and harvest management should be aware of the substantial heterogeneity in habitat selection among individual animals before implementing costly practices that may not be effective for their objectives.
Disentangling local, metapopulation, and cross‐community sources of stabilization and asynchrony in metacommunities
Authors: Hammond Matthew , Loreau Michel , de Mazancourt Claire , Kolasa Jurek 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAsynchronous fluctuations of populations are essential for maintaining stable levels of biomass and ecosystem function in landscapes. Yet, understanding the stabilization of metacommunities by asynchrony is complicated by the existence of multiple forms of asynchrony that are typically studied independently: Community ecologists, for instance, focus on asynchrony within and among local communities, while population ecologists emphasize asynchrony of populations in metapopulations. Still, other forms of asynchrony, such as that which underlies the spatial insurance effect, are not captured by any existing analytical frameworks. We therefore developed a framework that would in one analysis unmask the stabilizing roles of local communities and metapopulations and so unify these perspectives. Our framework shows that metacommunity stabilization arises from one local and two regional forms of asynchrony: (1) asynchrony among species of a local community, (2) asynchrony among populations of a metapopulation, and (3) cross‐community asynchrony, which is between different species in different local communities and underlies spatial insurance. For each type of stabilization, we derived links to diversity indices and associated diversity–stability relationships. We deployed this framework in a set of rock pool invertebrate metacommunities in Discovery Bay, Jamaica, to partition sources of stabilization and test their dependence on diversity. Cross‐community asynchrony was the dominant form of stabilization, accounting for >60% of total metacommunity stabilization despite being undetectable with existing frameworks. Environmental variation influenced types of stabilization through different mechanisms. pH and dissolved oxygen, for example, increased asynchrony by decorrelating local species, while salinity did so by changing the abundance structure of metapopulations. Lastly, all types of asynchrony depended strongly on different types of diversity (alpha, metapopulation, and beta diversity drove local, metapopulation, and cross‐community asynchrony, respectively) to produce multiple diversity–stability relationships within metacommunities. Our new partition of metacommunity dynamics highlights how different elements—from local communities to metapopulations—combine to stabilize metacommunities and depend critically on contrasting environmental regimes and diversities. Understanding and balancing these sources of stability in dynamic landscapes is a looming challenge for the future. We suggest that synthetic frameworks which merge ecological perspectives will be essential for grasping and safeguarding the stability of natural systems.
Incidence and survival trends of parotid malignancies over 42 years
Authors: Gupta Avigeet , Koochakzadeh Sina , Neskey David M. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lentsch Eric J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of information regarding the incidence and survival of parotid malignancies over time.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population‐based cancer registry was queried for parotid malignancies from 1973 to 2015.ResultsThe age‐adjusted incidence of parotid malignancies has increased by 58.1% (7.87‐12.44 per 1 000 000). Analysis of histologic type revealed an increased annual percent change (APC) of acinar cell carcinoma (1.38) and squamous cell carcinoma (1.58), but decreased APC of adenoid cystic carcinoma (−1.63) and adenocarcinoma NOS (−0.86) (P < .05). The disease‐specific survival of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma NOS, and squamous cell carcinoma significantly improved (P < .05) over time.ConclusionThe incidence of parotid cancer is rising steadily since 1973, while the incidence of overall head and neck cancer has decreased. Further research is necessary to understand the etiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of parotid cancer to curb its rising incidence.Level of evidence: 4.
Prostate squamous cell carcinoma developing 11 years after external radiotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Matsugasumi Toru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Yokota Tomohiro , Shiraishi Takumi , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionSecondary bladder, colon, and rectal cancers are relatively common after prostate radiotherapy. However, secondary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare.Case presentationAn 85‐year‐old man presented with dysuria and low‐serum prostate‐specific antigen levels. His medical history included localized prostate adenocarcinoma (Gleason score of 4 + 5) treated with combined three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy, 11 years ago. Urethroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging showed a bulging mass around the prostatic urethra. Transurethral resection of the prostate performed for histopathological diagnosis revealed squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionHereby, a rare case of secondary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate after radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma was reported, which was found after 11 years of radiotherapy with symptom of dysuria including urinary hesitancy, difficulty, pain during urination, and low‐serum prostate‐specific antigen levels.
Undifferentiated prostate cancer treated with docetaxel
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki , Yokoyama Minato , Inoue Masaharu , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionUndifferentiated prostate cancer is a rare and aggressive disease, and no definitive therapeutic strategy for metastatic undifferentiated prostate cancer has been established.Case presentationWe report the case of a 70‐year‐old man with undifferentiated prostate cancer and lymph node metastases. Following the patient’s progression after platinum‐based chemotherapy, we initiated treatment with docetaxel, which resulted in a partial response. The patient was alive for 42 months after initiation of docetaxel, maintaining relatively good quality of life with minimal hospital stay.ConclusionDocetaxel may be a good therapeutic option for metastatic undifferentiated prostate cancer.
Synthesis, structural, cytotoxic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of some thiosemicarbazone derivatives
Authors: Süleymanoğlu Mediha , Erdem‐Kuruca Serap , Bal‐Demirci Tülay , Özdemir Namık , Ülküseven Bahri , Yaylım İlhan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIron(III) and nickel(II) complexes bearing a thiosemicarbazone framework were synthesized by a one‐pot synthesis method. The structures were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, APCI Mass, conductivity, magnetic moment measurements. Molecular and crystal structures of the iron(III) complex were obtained from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The findings showed that the metal atom adopts a slightly distorted square‐pyramidal coordination, with the four donor atoms of the thiosemicarbazone ligand defining the basal plane and a chloride atom occupying the apical position. In the crystal lattice, the structure is stabilized by intermolecular O─H···O and C─H···O interactions. The cytotoxic activity was studied by MTT assay, the expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes by Western blot, and the lipophilicity (LogP) by using the shake‐flask method, another pharmacokinetic parameter. The findings showed that the IC50 values decreased with the decrease of the LogP values of the substances. Cytochrome P450 expression levels were found specific for each compound and each cell line. As a result, the pharmacokinetic properties of the newly synthesized thiosemicarbazone compounds are crucial for oral administration and provide us with clues for prospective in vivo studies.
CT imaging features of 4121 patients with COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Jieyun , Zhong Zhimei , Li Hongyuan , Ji Pan , Pang Jielong , Li Bocheng , Zhang Jianfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe systematically reviewed the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) to provide reference for clinical practice.MethodsOur article comprehensively searched PubMed, FMRS, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang databases, and VIP databases to collect literatures about the CT imaging features of COVID‐19 from 1 January to 16 March 2020. Three reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, and then, this meta‐analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software.ResultsA total of 34 retrospective studies involving a total of 4121 patients with COVID‐19 were included. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that most patients presented bilateral lung involvement (73.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.9%‐81.1%) or multilobar involvement (67.3%, 95% CI: 54.8%‐78.7%) and just little patients showed normal CT findings (8.4%). We found that the most common changes in lesion density were ground‐glass opacities (68.1%, 95% CI: 56.9%‐78.2%). Other changes in density included air bronchogram sign (44.7%), crazy‐paving pattern (35.6%), and consolidation (32.0%). Patchy (40.3%), spider web sign (39.5%), cord‐like (36.8%), and nodular (20.5%) were common lesion shapes in patients with COVID‐19. Pleural thickening (27.1%) was found in some patients. Lymphadenopathy (5.4%) and pleural effusion (5.3%) were rare.ConclusionThe lung lesions of patients with COVID‐19 were mostly bilateral lungs or multilobar involved. The most common chest CT findings were patchy and ground‐glass opacities. Some patients had air bronchogram, spider web sign, and cord‐like. Lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were rare.
Fungicide isopyrazam degradative response toward extrinsically added fungal and bacterial strains
Authors: Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Gul Palwasha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe current research is a pioneer in the evaluation of isopyrazam biodegradation, which has been performed utilizing soil‐isolated microbes. Biodisintegrative assays of pure fungal strains, namely Aspergillus flavus (AF), Penicillium chrysogenum (PC), Aspergillus niger (AN), Aspergillus terreus (AT), and Aspergillus fumigatus (AFu), and bacterial strains, namely Xanthomonas axonopodis (XA) and Pseudomonas syringae (PS), were utilized. Initial isopyrazam concentration (10 mg/L) was prepared with an individual microbial suspension and monitored for 35 days. Isopyrazam biotransformation was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by UV–visible spectrophotometery and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. P. syringae (R2 = 0.90) and X. axonopodis (R2 = 0.88) displayed maximal potential to metabolize the fungicide (86% and 80%, respectively) while forming intermediate metabolites, including 3‐difluoromethyl‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acid ((S)‐9‐hydroxy‐9‐isopropyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐methanonaphthalen‐5‐yl)‐amide, 3‐difluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acid, and 3‐difluoromethyl‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐amide. Isopyrazam degradation by all strains, AT, PC, AFu, AN, AF, XA, and PS, was found to be 11%, 18%, 21%, 21%, 18%, 30%, 80%, and 86%, respectively, after 35 days, elucidating the effectiveness of all the utilized strains in degrading isopyrazam at varying rates. The descending order of half‐lives (days) obtained is as follows: AT (56.8) > PC (44.7) > AFu (40.7) > AN (39.6) > AF (32.6) > XA (28.1) > PS (21) days. Current research can influence imperative and significant environment‐friendly bioremedial strategies for xenobiotic eradication from the ecological compartments.
Near streambed flow shapes microbial guilds within and across trophic levels in fluvial biofilms
Authors: Risse‐Buhl Ute , Anlanger Christine , Chatzinotas Antonis , Noss Christian , Lorke Andreas , Weitere Markus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFlow is an important physical driver of biofilm communities. Here, we tested the effects of the near bed flows in two mountainous stream reaches on the structure of biofilm microbial guilds (autotrophs, heterotrophic bacteria, and heterotrophic protists) within and across trophic levels. Near bed flow velocity and turbulent kinetic energy were important physical drivers for structuring the communities within and across guilds of the multitrophic fluvial biofilms. The effects of flow were nested in a seasonal and spatial (across‐streams) context. Changes in physicochemical factors (temperature, light, dissolved carbon, and nutrients) along the reaches were alike in both streams suggesting that environmental boundary conditions at larger temporal scales were responsible for the seasonal differences of biofilm communities, whereas locally microbial diversity was shaped by near bed flow. Typically, the abundance of autotrophs increased with flow, indicating that biofilms shifted toward increasing autotrophy with increasing shear forces. Filamentous autotrophs seemed to provide protected habitats from the shear forces for smaller sized bacteria. Heterotrophic protist abundance decreased with flow leading to decreasing grazer to prey ratio. Bacteria thus benefitted from a reduction in grazing pressure at faster flowing, more turbulent sites. Our results suggest that near bed flow can impact the magnitude and direction of matter fluxes through the microbial food web and possibly affect ecosystem functioning of fluvial biofilms.
The sharing economy: Psychological mechanisms that affect collaborative consumption
Authors: Viglia Giampaolo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe “sharing economy” has been characterized as a technologically enabled ecosystem that is disrupting traditional markets. Due to the growing interest of practitioners and researchers in understanding the psychological drivers of the phenomenon, a special issue of Psychology and Marketing was commissioned. More than 80 manuscripts were submitted and reviewed for this special issue, and 11 were accepted for publication in it. As it happened, three of the 11 accepted papers that were completed and ready for the typesetter early on were actually published in earlier issues of this Journal (see Osman et al., 2019, Psychology and Marketing, 36, pp. 1162–1175; Simon & Roederer 2019, Psychology and Marketing, 36, pp. 1082–1097; Stofberg & Bridoux, 2019, Psychology and Marketing, 36, pp. 1176–1195). This editorial introduces the other eight accepted articles and sets them in the context of four themes (consumer feelings, segmentation of the sharing economy, intrusiveness/codestruction, and societal impact) that would seem to provide a convenient context for framing and understanding future developments in this ever‐dynamic ecosystem.
Phenotype–genotype correlations in a pseudodominant Stargardt disease pedigree due to a novel ABCA4 deletion–insertion variant causing a splicing defect
Authors: Huang Di , Thompson Jennifer A. , Charng Jason , Chelva Enid , McLenachan Samuel , Chen Shang‐Chih , Zhang Dan , McLaren Terri L. , Lamey Tina M. , Constable Ian J. , De Roach John N. , Aung‐Htut May Thandar , Adams Abbie , Fletcher Sue , Wilton Steve D. , Chen Fred K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeletion–insertion (delins) variants in the retina‐specific ATP‐binding cassette transporter gene, subfamily A, member 4 (ABCA4) accounts for <1% in Stargardt disease. The consequences of these delins variants on splicing cannot be predicted with certainty without supporting in vitro data.MethodsCandidate ABCA4 variants were revealed by genetic and segregation analysis of a family with pseudodominant Stargardt disease using a commercial panel and Sanger sequencing. RNA extracted from patient‐derived fibroblasts was analyzed by RT‐PCR to evaluate splicing behavior of the ABCA4 variants.ResultsAffected members carrying the novel c.6031_6044delinsAGTATTTAACCAATATTT variant in exon 44 presented with contrasting phenotypes; from early‐onset cone‐rod dystrophy to late‐onset macular dystrophy. This variant resulted in a 56‐nucleotide deletion in the mutant allele by activation of a cryptic splice acceptor site which disrupts the reading frame and results in a premature termination codon (p.Ile2003LeufsTer41). If translated, the crucial functional domains near the C‐terminus would be truncated from the ABCA4 protein.ConclusionThis work demonstrates the intrafamilial phenotypic variability in a pseudodominant Stargardt disease pedigree and the use of patient‐derived fibroblasts to evaluate the effect of a novel ABCA4 delins variant on splicing to complement in silico pathogenicity assessment.
PyRod Enables Rational Homology Model‐based Virtual Screening Against MCHR1
Authors: Schaller David , Wolber Gerhard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSeveral encouraging pre‐clinical results highlight the melanin‐concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) as promising target for anti‐obesity drug development. Currently however, experimentally resolved structures of MCHR1 are not available, which complicates rational drug design campaigns. In this study, we aimed at developing accurate, homologymodel‐based 3D pharmacophores against MCHR1. We show that traditional approaches involving docking of known active small molecules are hindered by the flexibility of binding pocket residues. Instead, we derived three‐dimensional pharmacophores from molecular dynamics simulations by employing our novel open‐source software PyRod. In a retrospective evaluation, the generated 3D pharmacophores were highly predictive returning up to 35 % of active molecules and showing an early enrichment (EF1) of up to 27.6. Furthermore, PyRod pharmacophores demonstrate higher sensitivity than ligand‐based pharmacophores and deliver structural insights, which are key to rational lead optimization.
Predictive value of 0.35 T magnetic resonance imaging radiomic features in stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Simpson Garrett , Spieler Benjamin , Dogan Nesrin , Portelance Lorraine , Mellon Eric A. , Kwon Deukwoo , Ford John C. , Yang Fei 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potential and feasibility of radiomic features extracted from low field strength (0.35 T) magnetic resonance images (MRIs) in predicting treatment response for patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).MethodsTwenty patients with unresected, non‐metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were enrolled, all of whom received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by five‐fraction MR‐guided SBRT with a radiation dose range of 33−50 Gy. For each patient, five daily setup scans were acquired from a hybrid 0.35 T MRI/radiotherapy unit. Tumor heterogeneity quantified with radiomic features extracted from the gross tumor volume (GTV) was averaged over the course of treatment. Random forest (RF) and adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) classification models were constructed to identify radiomics features predictive of treatment response. Predictive capability of the top‐performing features was then evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic area under curve (AUC) obtained using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation.ResultsHalf of the 20 patients showed response to treatment, defined by tumor regression on histopathology or tumor response on follow‐up dynamic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT). The most predictive features selected by the RF method were GLCM energy and GLSZM gray‐level variance. The RF‐based model achieved an AUC = 0.81 with a 95% confidence interval of [0.594 to 1] The LASSO algorithm selected GLCM energy as the only predictive feature, achieving an AUC = 0.81 with 95% confidence interval of [0.596 to 1].ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that radiomic features extracted during MR‐guided SBRT may contain predictive information about response of PDAC patients to treatment. Using the images acquired during treatment of PDAC patients supports continued expansion of radiomic analysis based on low field strength MR images and may hold the potential for providing timely indications of response to treatment.
Validity of the Mini‐BESTest in adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Duchesne Elise , Hébert Luc J. , Mathieu Jean , Côté Isabelle , Roussel Marie‐Pier , Gagnon Cynthia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic neuromuscular disease that causes balance problems. The objective of this study was to assess the construct validity of the Mini‐BESTest among adults with DM1.MethodsFifty‐nine individuals with late‐onset or adult phenotypes of DM1 were recruited. Participants performed the Mini‐BESTest, 10‐Meter Walk Test (10mWT), 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Timed Up & Go (TUG) and were questioned on their tendency to lose balance and whether they fell in the past month.ResultsScores on the Mini‐BESTest were significantly different between phenotypes and CTG repeat numbers (P < .02). Significant correlations were found with the 10mWT, 6MWT, and the TUG (r = 0.77–0.84; P < .001). A cutoff score of 21.5 was found to identify fallers with 90% posttest accuracy.DiscussionThe Mini‐BESTest demonstrates evidence of construct validity when assessing balance in the DM1 population.