bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic polymorphisms of IL17A associated with Chagas disease: results from a meta-analysis in Latin American populations
Authors: Strauss Mariana , Palma-Vega Miriam , Casares-Marfil Desiré , Bosch-Nicolau Pau , Lo Presti María Silvina , Molina Israel , González Clara Isabel ,   Chagas Genetics CYTED Network, Paglini Patricia A. , Schijman Alejandro G. , Robello Carlos , Echeverría Luis E. , Vargas-Alarcón Gilberto , Calzada José E. , Fernández-Mestre Mercedes , Fresno Manuel , Pinazo Maria Jesus , Martín Javier , Acosta-Herrera Marialbert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGenetic factors and the immunologic response have been suggested to determine the susceptibility against the infection and the outcome of Chagas disease. In the present study, we analysed three IL17A genetic variants (rs4711998, rs8193036 and rs2275913) regarding the predisposition to Trypanosoma cruzi infection and the development of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) in different Latin American populations. A total of 2,967 individuals from Colombia, Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil, were included in this study. The individuals were classified as seronegative and seropositive for T. cruzi antigens, and this last group were divided into asymptomatic and CCC. For T. cruzi infection susceptibility, the IL17A rs2275913*A showed a significant association in a fixed-effect meta-analysis after a Bonferroni correction (P = 0.016, OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 1.06–1.41). No evidence of association was detected when comparing CCC vs. asymptomatic patients. However, when CCC were compared with seronegative individuals, it showed a nominal association in the meta-analysis (P = 0.040, OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.01–1.45). For the IL17A rs4711998 and rs8193036, no association was observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that IL17A rs2275913 plays an important role in the susceptibility to T. cruzi infection and could also be implicated in the development of chronic cardiomyopathy in the studied Latin American population.
Mixtures of prion substrains in natural scrapie cases revealed by ovinised murine models
Authors: Barrio Tomás , Filali Hicham , Otero Alicia , Sheleby-Elías Jessica , Marín Belén , Vidal Enric , Béringue Vincent , Torres Juan María , Groschup Martin , Andréoletti Olivier , Badiola Juan José , Bolea Rosa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhenotypic variability in prion diseases, such as scrapie, is associated to the existence of prion strains, which are different pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) conformations with distinct pathobiological properties. To faithfully study scrapie strain variability in natural sheep isolates, transgenic mice expressing sheep cellular prion protein (PrPC) are used. In this study, we used two of such models to bioassay 20 scrapie isolates from the Spain-France-Andorra transboundary territory. Animals were intracerebrally inoculated and survival periods, proteinase K-resistant PrP (PrPres) banding patterns, lesion profiles and PrPSc distribution were studied. Inocula showed a remarkable homogeneity on banding patterns, all of them but one showing 19-kDa PrPres. However, a number of isolates caused accumulation of 21-kDa PrPres in TgShp XI. A different subgroup of isolates caused long survival periods and presence of 21-kDa PrPres in Tg338 mice. It seemed that one major 19-kDa prion isoform and two distinct 21-kDa variants coexisted in source inocula, and that they could be separated by bioassay in each transgenic model. The reason why each model favours a specific component of the mixture is unknown, although PrPC expression level may play a role. Our results indicate that coinfection with more than one substrain is more frequent than infection with a single component.
Grain boundary anisotropy on nano-polycrystalline magnetic thin films
Authors: Agudelo-Giraldo Jose D. , Restrepo-Parra Elisabeth , Restrepo Johans 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGrain boundaries in polycrystalline thin films with crystallite sizes at nanoscale presents regions characterized by a high degree of local structural disorder. As a consequence, great values of the associated local anisotropies are expected. On this regard, a systematic investigation of the effect of the grain boundary anisotropy on the magnetic properties in such type of nanostructured systems is addressed. For developing this work, a standard Monte Carlo simulation in the framework of classical Heisenberg spins was carried out, with a Hamiltonian involving exchange couplings, dipolar interactions, Zeeman interaction and contributions of cubic magneto-crystalline anisotropy. A quantification of local structural disorder was considered. Results revealed that i) by keeping the same number of grains, different organizations give rise to different spontaneous magnetizations, ii) the critical exponent of the magnetization differs of pure models, which is attributed to the complexity of the lattice and consistent with a distribution of critical temperatures, iii) Boundary anisotropy varies with temperature and its strength are determinant factors for blocking temperatures, and iv) Boundary anisotropy inside in the hysteretic properties where coercive field variations are observed.
Surgically Resected Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Patient Survival and Clinicopathological Prognostic Factors
Authors: Jeong Dong Young , Lee Kyung Soo , Choi Joon Young , Chung Myung Jin , Min Yang Won , Kim Hong Kwan , Zo Jae Ill , Shim Young Mog , Sun Jong-Mu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe aimed to report patients’ survival after surgical resection of eSCC and to ascertain the clinical, imaging, and pathological factors related to patient prognosis. This retrospective study included 435 patients with eSCC of <stage T2 (median follow-up period, 49.3 months). A total of 103 (23.7%) patients died, and 89 (20.5%) experienced recurrence during follow-up. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) of the primary tumor was significantly correlated with tumor length, nodal metastasis, and pathologic T stage in a positive linear fashion. In the multivariate analysis, higher SUVmax on PET/CT was a negative prognostic factor for both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Contrarily, the presence of nodal metastasis was a prognostic factor only for DFS, and pathologic T stage only for OS. By applying SUVmax cut-off, both DFS and OS were significantly different among three groups when divided by cut-off values (A: SUVmax ≤ 3.05, B: SUVmax 3.06 - 5.64, C: SUVmax ≥ 5.65). In patients with a surgically resectable eSCC, measuring the SUVmax of the primary tumor during PET/CT can help predict patient survival. Additionally, PET/CT renders triage criterion for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD; T1a cancer and SUVmax, ≤3.05).
A miRNA-based diagnostic model predicts resectable lung cancer in humans with high accuracy
Authors: Asakura Keisuke , Kadota Tsukasa , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Yoshida Yukihiro , Yamamoto Yusuke , Nakagawa Kazuo , Takizawa Satoko , Aoki Yoshiaki , Nakamura Eiji , Miura Junichiro , Sakamoto Hiromi , Kato Ken , Watanabe Shun-ichi , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, is most frequently detected through imaging tests. In this study, we investigated serum microRNAs (miRNAs) as a possible early screening tool for resectable lung cancer. First, we used serum samples from participants with and without lung cancer to comprehensively create 2588 miRNAs profiles; next, we established a diagnostic model based on the combined expression levels of two miRNAs (miR-1268b and miR-6075) in the discovery set (208 lung cancer patients and 208 non-cancer participants). The model displayed a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 99% in the validation set (1358 patients and 1970 non-cancer participants) and exhibited high sensitivity regardless of histological type and pathological TNM stage of the cancer. Moreover, the diagnostic index markedly decreased after lung cancer resection. Thus, the model we developed has the potential to markedly improve screening for resectable lung cancer.
Hypoxia-induced up-regulation of miR-27a promotes paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Feng Lanlan , Shen Fangrong , Zhou Jinhua , Li Yan , Jiang Rong , Chen Youguo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignant tumor with high mortality in women. Although cancer patients initially respond to paclitaxel chemotherapy following surgery, most patients will relapse after 12–24 months and gradually die from chemotherapy resistance. In OC, cancer cells become resistant to paclitaxel chemotherapy under hypoxic environment. The miR-27a has been identified as an oncogenic molecular in ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer etc. In addition, the miR-27a is involved in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in various cancers. However, the role of miR-27a in hypoxia-induced OC resistance remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of miR-27a in hypoxia-induced OC resistance. The expression of HIF-1α induced Hypoxia overtly up-regulated. At the same time, hypoxia increased viability of Skov3 cells and decreased cell apoptosis when treated with paclitaxel. The expression of the miR-27a was obviously up-regulated under hypoxia and involved in hypoxia-induced paclitaxel resistance. Follow-up experiments portray that miR-27a improved paclitaxel resistance by restraining the expression of APAF1 in OC. Finally, we further elucidated the important regulatory role of the miR-27a-APAF1 axis in OC through in vivo experiments. According to our knowledge, we first reported the regulation of miR-27a in hypoxia-induced chemoresistance in OC, providing a possible target for chemoresistance treatment of OC.
Development and Initial Validation of the Functional External Memory Aid Tool
Authors: Lanzi Alyssa , Bourgeois Michelle S. , Dedrick Robert F. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop the item pool and investigate the structure and measurement properties of the Functional External Memory Aid Tool (FEMAT), a performance-based measure of everyday strategy use for persons with mild memory impairments. The FEMAT examines one's use of strategies to compensate for cognitive communication impairments that interfere with the completion of complex daily tasks.MethodDuring Phase 1, six expert panel members reviewed the initial item pool and scoring rubric to assess item verification. Each item was developed to elicit strategy use and represent a complex daily task. During Phase 2, 99 participants with possible mild neurocognitive disorder (as determined by screening procedures) responded to 11 items. The factor structure of the data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability and relationships between the FEMAT and additional factors were also examined.ResultsThe process of development (Phase 1) resulted in 11 items distributed among three factors: (a) Medical Tasks, (b) Instrumental Daily Tasks, and (c) Retrieval-Based Tasks. Internal consistency (Phase 2), assessed with confirmatory factor analysis, confirmed the proposed three-factor model. Reliability analyses revealed at least 62%–84% of within-test score variance was due to true score variance. Correlation analyses indicated weak and strong relationships between the FEMAT and participant demographic variables and additional assessment measures.ConclusionsThe FEMAT provides reliable measurement of everyday external memory aid use in persons with possible mild neurocognitive disorder. The FEMAT was designed to be used in clinical settings and to provide better guidance to clinicians to design person-centered interventions than currently available cognitive communication measures.
Teaching Undergraduate Clinicians Empirically Supported Practices for Preschool Vocabulary Instruction
Authors: Kelley Elizabeth Spencer , Hull Greta , Eubank Abby , Roettgen Greta 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
To incorporate evidence-based practice into clinical settings, there is a need for efficient, effective ways to share information from research to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and to students preparing to become SLPs. The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate a method for teaching undergraduate student clinicians to use empirically supported practices in vocabulary instruction during shared storybook reading with preschoolers.

Method
Undergraduate students enrolled in a semester-long preschool practicum participated in the study. In Study 1, 11 students participated in a multiple-baseline, single-case design. In Study 2, an additional 10 students were included in a quasi-experimental group design. All students completed prerecorded, online teaching modules that taught empirically supported practices for teaching vocabulary during shared storybook reading. Half of the students received weekly e-mails with performance feedback. Targeted practices included selection of appropriate vocabulary targets, explicit teaching, and use of interactive teaching strategies.

Results
In Study 1, treatment effects were observed for targeted practices for many of the student clinicians. In Study 2, group comparisons indicated an effect of e-mail performance feedback for 1 of 3 outcomes with a large effect size.

Conclusion
Prerecorded teaching modules may be an efficient, effective way to teach specific empirically supported practices to undergraduate student clinicians. E-mail feedback might improve use of taught practices for some students or for some practices. Future studies can examine the potential of these types of teaching modules for other outcomes or with groups of practicing SLPs.
Organersatzverfahren: Update Lungenersatzverfahren
Authors: Reyher Christian , Muellenbach Ralf Michael , Lepper Philipp Moritz , Mutlak Haitham 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDas akute Lungenversagen des Erwachsenen (ARDS) ist nach wie vor mit einer hohen Mortalität von ca. 40% belastet – eine große Herausforderung für die Intensivmedizin. Dieser Beitrag erläutert, bei welchen Befundkonstellationen die Lungenersatzverfahren ECMO (extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung) und ECCO2R (extrakorporale CO2-Elimination) als Rescue-Therapie zum Einsatz kommen können und worauf dabei zu achten ist.
Unklare akute Kreislaufinstabilität nach Stromunfall: eine (un-)gewöhnliche Komplikation
Authors: Hardt Katharina , Wappler Frank , Sakka Samir G. 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungKritisch kranke Patienten können aufgrund unterschiedlicher Krankheitsbilder eine akute hämodynamische Instabilität entwickeln. Die Diagnostik und Therapie ist insbesondere dann erschwert, wenn die eigentliche Ursache der Kreislaufinstabilität von Begleiterkrankungen maskiert wird. Wir berichten über einen Patienten, der auf der Schwerverbrannten-Intensivstation wenige Tage nach einem schweren Stromunfall eine akute Kreislaufinstabilität zunächst unklarer Genese entwickelte.
Core Imprinting: An Alternative and Economic Approach for Depleting Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Herbal Extracts
Authors: Kopp Thomas , Abdel-Tawab Mona , Mizaikoff Boris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDue to the high toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, in 2011, the German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment recommended that their daily intake limit should be no more than 0.007 µg/kg body weight. The risk of ingesting these substances in herbal preparations, either from their inherent presence in plants or through contamination with pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing weeds, should not be underestimated. A promising molecular imprinted polymer was developed previously to minimise exposure to these compounds. Due to the high costs of the template and the risk of template bleeding, an alternative and more economic pyrrolizidine alkaloid depleting strategy is still required. Core imprinting, which focuses on the most important structural element in the target molecule, was investigated using triethylamine and tetraethylammonium as easily available and cheap alternative templates. The suitability of core imprinting was demonstrated using a pyrrolizidine alkaloid standard solution if an excess of an alternative template compared to monocrotaline was used for imprinting. Matrix trials in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-spiked Mentha piperita, Chelidonium majus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Matricaria chamomilla extracts containing Echium vulgare revealed better pyrrolizidine alkaloid binding than demonstrated for the original molecular imprinted polymer. Echimidine and echimidine-N-oxide were depleted in the range of 31.8–70.0 and 26.1–45.1%, respectively. However, solvent-dependent differences in pyrrolizidine alkaloid binding and inherent plant analytical marker compounds were observed. Hence, binding of analytical marker compounds was better minimised in methanolic than in ethanolic extracts. The present study reveals core imprinting to be an economic alternative approach for depleting pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant extracts.
How to Create Ideal Alar Form and Function
Authors: Davis Richard E. , Ostby Erin T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRefinement of the unsightly nasal tip lobule is one of the most common, yet also one of the most challenging aspects of cosmetic and functional rhinoplasty. In addition to meticulous analysis and precise surgical modification of the tip complex itself, successful tip refinement must also take into account the surrounding nose, especially the adjacent alar lobules. Unless the modified tip complex harmonizes with the adjacent alar lobules to form a symmetric, aesthetically pleasing, and fully functioning nasal base, tip refinement will inevitably fail. Structural interdependency between the alar lobules, the tip cartilages, and the nasal septum (and the myriad individual variations therein) make controlled alar complex refinement a formidable and complex undertaking. Long-term success is contingent upon understanding the full scope of structural tip dynamics, including not only the primary effects of tip refinement, but also potentially undesirable secondary effects that may deform the alae and thus compromise the surgical outcome.
Septal Deviation after Septorhinoplasty: Causes and Surgical Management
Authors: Luu Neil N. , Friedman Oren 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRevision rhinoplasty exists because the perfect primary rhinoplasty technique does not. The benefit of revision surgery is that it offers us the opportunity to study and identify what did not work well during previous surgery. Thoughtful approaches to technique and outcomes allow us to recognize which maneuvers are dependable and worth repeating, and which are not reliable and therefore worth avoiding. As surgeons seek safer, more predictable results to improve patient outcomes, new techniques emerge which we then apply, study, and modify again, based on what works and what does not over the short term and the long term. There is no substitute for experience or for learning from trusted surgeons' experiences. Revision rhinoplasty presents many challenges including surgically induced anatomical changes, weakened structural support, a lack of available tissue for reconstruction, tissue remodeling responses, and other iatrogenic and wound healing complications. The septum, as the primary source of structural nasal integrity, forms the foundation for functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty. Herein, we describe strategies in septorhinoplasty for patients who have undergone prior nasal septal surgery.
Counterfeit versus original patronage: Do emotional brand attachment, brand involvement, and past experience matter?
Authors: Bian Xuemei , Haque Sadia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo enhance brand performance and to protect original brands from the unprecedented upsurge of counterfeits, marketers are continuously looking for effective anti-counterfeiting methods. Developing and maintaining emotional brand attachment and brand involvement with consumers have become a strategic marketing endeavor of luxury brands. A significant question bearing both theoretical and practical implications, however, is whether emotional brand attachment or brand involvement is more apposite to warrant a luxury brand’s performance and to safeguard the original brand from counterfeits, which remains unanswered. To address this knowledge gap, a survey was conducted. On the basis of an empirical study, this paper reveals that emotional brand attachment is a more prominent influencer than brand involvement to escalate original brand patronage although the effect of brand involvement is also significant. However, while improved brand involvement pushes consumers to patronize counterfeits, higher emotional brand attachment does not result in increased counterfeit patronage. These effects do not vary as a function of previous experience of either originals or counterfeits. Findings of this research contribute to brand literature by presenting empirical evidence of distinct influence of emotional brand attachment over brand involvement, which represents significant practical implications in relation to strategic brand management and anti-counterfeiting strategies.
Huprines — an insight into the synthesis and biological properties
Authors: Mezeiova Eva , Soukup Ondrej , Korabecny Jan 
Published: March 2020

The overlapping of tacrine and (–)-huperzine A templates yielded a family of highly potent cholinesterase inhibitors, so-called huprines. A relatively easy access to these compounds led to the development of dozens of huprine derivatives allowing to draw structure – activity relationship mainly for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes, but also with application to other biological targets of interest. An extension of their pharmacological profile is commonly associated with huprine scaffold binding to some other pharmacophores that yield high-molecular-weight heterodimers. The main purpose in developing the huprine family is related to Alzheimer’s disease therapy. However, these compounds are also interesting lead structures in the treatment of other disorders, such as Myasthenia gravis, African trypanosomiasis, malaria, and prion diseases. The present review provides a rationale behind the development of huprines, detailed synthetic routes leading to different classes of huprines, and a thorough discussion of their potential pharmacological applications.
The bibliography includes 174 references.
Patterns of linguistic vitality
Authors: Zajícová Lenka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Language use among different generations of speakers related to an informant is a frequent query in surveys about the vitality of heritage languages. This chapter shows how self-reporting is influenced by attitudes in favor of the dominant language. I identify patterns of reported use comparing immigrant and indigenous languages, especially language use with siblings. I then analyze these patterns within family members according to the generation of informants. The patterns of reported use with children and with parents show radical disagreement, which points to the significant influence of language attitudes especially when reporting on language use with children. I conclude that reported use does not accurately reflect the actual process of losing minority languages, which is slower than reported.
Parental language attitudes and language use among Brazilian families in Japan
Authors: Shirakawa Mineko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents the results of a survey and interviews administered to Brazilian families living in Japan aiming to capture the use of Brazilian-Portuguese (BP) and Japanese and explore this community’s attitude toward bilingualism. Most of these families come from second or third generations of Japanese emigrants to Brazil who are not familiar with the Japanese language or culture. Their children need special assistance with Japanese at school and do not communicate easily in BP at home. Parents have high expectations for their children to acquire advanced oral and literacy skills in both languages. However, the use of BP at home does not necessarily lead children to use it as much as their parents partly because of assimilative pressures at school.