bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital transformation, development and productivity in developing countries: is artificial intelligence a curse or a blessing?
Authors: Aly Heidi 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe entire world is now witnessing the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is indeed altering the lives of the many in both developing and developed countries. Massive digital transformations are affecting the economies of those countries and are bringing with them many promised merits, as well as many challenges to face. This paper aims to examine the relationship between digital transformation (as a one facet of the fourth revolution and AI trends) on one side, and economic development, labor productivity and employment on the other side.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyzes different indices of digital transformation, and then uses the Digital Evolution Index (DEI) to study those relationships in a group of developing countries using feasible generalized least squares method (FGLS).FindingsThe results show a positive relationship between the digital transformation index and economic development, labor productivity and job employment. Females seem to gain more from digital transformation compared to males, as suggested by the positive relation with the first and the insignificant relation with the latter. The relationship with vulnerable employment is not significant; more evidence is still needed to judge whether digital transformation will have an impact upon the vulnerable employees in the economy.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper focused on the impact of digital transformation upon total aggregate employment. Future research is still needed to examine the impact upon the structure of the labor market and the shift of occupations.Originality/valueThe paper aims to add to in the literature regarding the relationship between digital transformation, economic development, employment and productivity in the developing world. The implications of those relationships are of significant importance to policymakers regarding how much support should be given to encourage the digital transformation. At the same time, it shall also indicate how much social support policies are required – if any – to lessen the negative impact of digital transformation on the vulnerable groups inside the country. Another contribution is using a single composite index for digital transformation that is comparable across the chosen set of developing countries, instead of using single indices each capturing a different dimension of digital transformation.
Natural language processing and machine learning as practical toolsets for archival processing
Authors: Hutchinson Tim 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study aims to provide an overview of recent efforts relating to natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning applied to archival processing, particularly appraisal and sensitivity reviews, and propose functional requirements and workflow considerations for transitioning from experimental to operational use of these tools.Design/methodology/approachThe paper has four main sections. 1) A short overview of the NLP and machine learning concepts referenced in the paper. 2) A review of the literature reporting on NLP and machine learning applied to archival processes. 3) An overview and commentary on key existing and developing tools that use NLP or machine learning techniques for archives. 4) This review and analysis will inform a discussion of functional requirements and workflow considerations for NLP and machine learning tools for archival processing.FindingsApplications for processing e-mail have received the most attention so far, although most initiatives have been experimental or project based. It now seems feasible to branch out to develop more generalized tools for born-digital, unstructured records. Effective NLP and machine learning tools for archival processing should be usable, interoperable, flexible, iterative and configurable.Originality/valueMost implementations of NLP for archives have been experimental or project based. The main exception that has moved into production is ePADD, which includes robust NLP features through its named entity recognition module. This paper takes a broader view, assessing the prospects and possible directions for integrating NLP tools and techniques into archival workflows.
Ecosystems boost revenues from innovation initiatives
Authors: Marshall Anthony , Lipp Anthony , Ikeda Kazuaki , Singh Raj Rohit 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
Ecosystem partnerships are driving a dramatic change in the nature of business as industries as diverse as banking, automotive and retail are converging in unprecedented ways–and at an unprecedented rate. To learn how leading companies are embracing innovation in ecosystems to drive both value creation and competitiveness, the IBM Institute for Business Value in collaboration with Oxford Economics surveyed 1000 top executives in 19 industries and 29 countries between August and January 2019.

Design/methodology/approach
The survey cohort included 250 Chief Executive Officers, 150 Chief Financial Officers, 150 Chief Innovation Officers, 150 Chief Marketing Officers, 150 Chief Operations Officer and 150 Chief Alliance/Partnership Officers.

Findings
Analysis revealed that organizations with high engagement in ecosystems generate greater revenues from innovation initiatives. Specifically, revenues tied to innovation were more than 14 percent higher for ecosystem-engaged businesses than their less ecosystem-oriented peers.

Practical implications
The analysis showed that organizations differentiated on four innovation-enabling dimensions are more successful than others in ecosystem innovation. Their winning practices: 10;9;They lead with platforms for innovating in ecosystems. 10;9;They create the structures that enable the transformation of ideas into desired customer experiences in ecosystems 10;9;They establish effective, meaningful measurements for successful innovation in ecosystems. 10;9;They approach innovation with a collaborative mindset and create an environment of openness that shapes innovative behavior. 10;

Originality/value
The study identified the best practices of the most successful companies, ecosystem innovators. They excel across four innovation dimensions. They build platforms and employ ecosystems to better orchestrate customer experiences. They establish processes to effectively measure innovation within ecosystems in which they operate. They form organizational structures that institutionalize innovation. And they create and promote environments of openness and collaboration
Biochemical recognition in seeds: Germination ofRumex obtusifoliusis promoted by leaves of facilitative adult conspecifics
Authors: Ohsaki Haruna , Mukai Hiromi , Yamowo Akira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeeds express various germination behaviors in response to competitor plants. However, germination behaviors in response to facilitator plants are not yet well understood.Rumex obtusifoliusseedlings usually appear on the ground near adult conspecific plants, and their survival rate under the canopy of adult conspecifics is higher than that outside the canopy, indicating that adultR. obtusifoliusplants facilitate their seedling establishments. We hypothesized that emergence ofR. obtusifoliusseedlings is promoted by cues from adult conspecifics, but emergence of heterospecific seedlings is not. To test this, we investigated emergence responses of seedlings ofR. obtusifoliusand three other species that grow withR. obtusifoliusin the presence ofR. obtusifoliusleaf phytochemicals. Emergence ofR. obtusifoliusseedlings was promoted by the presence ofR. obtusifoliusleaves. In contrast, emergence of other species seedlings was not promoted byR. obtusifoliusleaves. We conclude that germination ofR. obtusifoliusseeds is facilitated in the presence of conspecifics, via water‐soluble chemical exposure, and that recognizing these chemicals has adaptive value.
Mycotoxin exposure and human cancer risk: A systematic review of epidemiological studies
Authors: Claeys Liesel , Romano Chiara , De Ruyck Karl , Wilson Hayley , Fervers Beatrice , Korenjak Michael , Zavadil Jiri , Gunter Marc J. , De Saeger Sarah , De Boevre Marthe , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increasing interest in investigating the carcinogenicity of mycotoxins in humans. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of data linking exposure to different mycotoxins with human cancer risk. Publications (2019 and earlier) of case–control or longitudinal cohort studies were identified in PubMed and EMBASE. These articles were then screened by independent reviewers and their quality was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Animal, cross‐sectional, and molecular studies satisfied criteria for exclusion. In total, 14 articles were included: 13 case–control studies and 1 longitudinal cohort study. Included articles focused on associations of mycotoxin exposure with primary liver, breast, and cervical cancer. Overall, a positive association between the consumption of aflatoxin‐contaminated foods and primary liver cancer risk was verified. Two case–control studies in Africa investigated the relationship between zearalenone and its metabolites and breast cancer risk, though conflicting results were reported. Two case–control studies investigated the association between hepatocellular carcinoma and fumonisin B1 exposure, but no significant associations were observed. This systematic review incorporates several clear observations of dose‐dependent associations between aflatoxins and liver cancer risk, in keeping with IARC Monograph conclusions. Only few human epidemiological studies investigated the associations between mycotoxin exposures and cancer risk. To close this gap, more in‐depth research is needed to unravel evidence for other common mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A. The link between mycotoxin exposures and cancer risk has mainly been established in experimental studies, and needs to be confirmed in human epidemiological studies to support the evidence‐based public health strategies.
Lost capacity in emergency departments and its economic implications: A simulation study and economic analysis
Authors: Moore Nicholas , Middleton Paul M , Ren Shiquan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of lost bed capacity (LBC) on the overall capacity of an ED, and to estimate the costs attributable to excess stay in the ED beyond that required for actual emergency care.MethodsThis was a retrospective simulation and health economic evaluation, using data from a single‐centre tertiary level ED. Data from all patients who presented to the ED during a 1‐month period and triaged to receive an acute bed in order to undergo their emergency care were included. The main outcomes measured were the change in overall ED length of stay, and costs attributable to LBC, in both discharged and admitted patients.ResultsOverall daily median ED length of stay decreased by 182 min (95% confidence interval 165–198; P < 0.01) in the simulated cohort when LBC was removed. Within the admitted cohort, the median cost attributable to LBC was AUD$202.99 (95% confidence interval $186.50–$216.70) per patient. We estimate the cost of an ED bed to be AUD$164.59 per hour.ConclusionsA substantial amount of ED length of stay is due to patients remaining in the ED for time after their emergency care is concluded. This likely represents a substantial overall monetary cost to the Australian healthcare system.
The Water‐Year Water Balance of the Colorado River Basin
Authors: McCabe Gregory J. , Wolock David M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModel‐estimated monthly water balance components (i.e., potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and runoff (R)) for 146 United States (U.S.) Geological Survey 8‐digit hydrologic units located in the Colorado River Basin (CRB) are used to examine the temporal and spatial variability of the CRB water balance for water years 1901 through 2014 (a water year is the period from October 1 of one year through September 30 of the following year). Results indicate that the CRB can be divided into six subregions with similar temporal variability in monthly R. The water balance analyses indicated that approximately 75% of total water‐year R is generated by just one CRB subregion and that most of the R in the basin is derived from surplus (S) water generated during the months of October through April. Furthermore, the analyses show that temporal variability in S is largely controlled by the occurrence of negative atmospheric pressure anomalies over the northwestern conterminous U.S. (CONUS) and positive atmospheric pressure anomalies over the southeastern CONUS. This combination of atmospheric pressure anomalies results in an anomalous flow of moist air from the North Pacific Ocean into the CRB, particularly the Upper CRB. Additionally, the occurrence of extreme dry and wet periods in the CRB appears to be related to variability of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
Validation of DNA test for hip dysplasia failed in Danish Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Bruun C. S. , Bank A. , Ström A. , Proschowsky H. F. , Fredholm M. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryCanine hip dysplasia is characterized by poor hip joint conformation and laxity. The disease is a complex trait influenced by both genetics and environment. Diagnosis and quantification of hip dysplasia are performed by radiographic examination of the hip joint and the diagnosis is used for making breeding decisions in many breeds. A prognostic genetic test (the Dysgen test) based on seven associated SNPs has been developed in a study based on Spanish Labrador Retrievers. In our study this test has been evaluated in 39 Danish Labrador Retrievers with known radiographic hip score: 14 with hip dysplasia (grade D or E) and 25 without hip dysplasia (grade A or B). There was no significant correlation between the Dysgen test results and the radiographic hip status (P = 0.3203) in these dogs, indicating that Dysgen test results obtained for Danish Labrador Retrievers have no prognostic value.
Does the Market Listen to the Government? Evidence from China Central Television
Authors: Hong Yun , Jiang Yanhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study explores the asset‐pricing function of CCTV (China Central Television) News in China. Results show that the economic focus and economic tone of CCTV News positively predict future aggregate stock market returns. We also find that the CCTV News economic focus betas and tone betas are positively related to cross‐sectional excess returns. The influence mechanism tests indicate that institutional investors decipher and absorb information from CCTV News faster and more effectively than retail investors. Finally, informed traders’ and analysts’ positive responses to CCTV News may partly explain the short‐term stock market reaction.
Investigation of systemic isosporosis outbreaks in an aviary of greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) and goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and a possible link with local wild sparrows (Passer domesticus)
Authors: Gosbell MC , Olaogun OM , Luk KHY , Noormohammadi AH 
Published: May 2020

Case ReportAn outbreak of systemic isosporosis caused mortalities in greenfinches (Carduelis chloris) and goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis) kept in an aviary in the western suburbs of Melbourne. The following year, a further outbreak in the same aviary occurred in a different flock of goldfinches. At the time of the second outbreak, dead and sick common sparrows (Passer domesticus) discovered near the aviary were also found to have systemic isosporosis.MethodThe systemic isosporosis was investigated and described using histopathology, electron microscopy and sequence analysis of the 18s gene.ResultsIsospora spp. infecting the greenfinch and the goldfinch caused significant thickening of the duodenal lamina propria. Measurements in the goldfinches showed an inverse correlation coefficient between the thickening of the duodenum and the weightof the birds. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of Isospora spp. within lymphocytes migrating into the lamina propria of the duodenum. Analysis of the 18s sequence discovered two different gene sequences across the three species of birds that didn't completely match any sequences previously deposited in GenBank.ConclusionAlthough the sparrows were found to have died from causes other than systemic Isospora, molecular studies of samples from their liver revealed the presence of an Isospora with 18s gene sequence identical to that found in the captive greenfinches.
Giving recipient communities a greater head start and including productive species boosts early resistance to invasion
Authors: Hess Manon Célia Morgane , Buisson Elise , Fontes Hugo , Bacon Léo , Sabatier Florent , Mesléard François 
Published: May 2020

AbstractQuestionsGiving a time advance to restored native plant species has recently been considered a promising way to improve their persistence and reduce invasion success (i.e., through priority effects). However, little is known about the influence of the elapsed time between seeding and invasion and its interaction with other characteristics such as species composition and density, despite the fact that it could substantially help developing effective management strategies.MethodsIn a pot experiment, we simulated invasion by three major invasive species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bothriochloa barbinodis, and Cortaderia selloana) in soil covered with recipient communities differing in species composition (one, three or nine species), density (700 or 2,778 seeds/m2), and time advance (established one or five months previously). We assessed early invasion success by measuring seedling emergence and survival over six months.ResultsEarly invasion success was mainly explained by recipient community's time advance and composition (or their interaction), while density had limited influence. Polycultures (three or nine species) showed generally greater invasion resistance, most likely due to high above‐ground biomass essentially produced by two species. Species composition interacted with time advance in two ways: (a) Bothriochloa barbinodis seedling emergence was impacted by composition only in communities having five months of advance, suggesting that the contribution of species composition to invasion resistance varies according to the age of the community, and (b) Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Cortaderia selloana survival was affected by time advance in polycultures only, which produced much more biomass than monocultures, implying that a greater head start provides a competitive advantage only if it allows a sufficient increase in biomass production.ConclusionsImplementing revegetation as soon as site clearance work is over, as well as establishing productive native species may help reduce invasion success. How much of an advantage recipient community time advance represents depends on biomass production.
Linguistic comprehension and narrative skills predict reading ability: A 9‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Babayiğit Selma , Roulstone Sue , Wren Yvonne 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundLinguistic comprehension and narrative skills encapsulate a complex array of grammatical and semantic skills that underpin complex reading comprehension processes. However, most research in this area has focused on children with reading difficulties and not on typically developing children. Also the research has mostly focused on short‐term effects of these skills on reading during the primary school years. Therefore, it remains unclear what specific role linguistic comprehension and narrative skills play in typically developing children’s reading beyond the primary school years.AimsWith this 9‐year prospective longitudinal study, we sought to clarify the independent effects of linguistic comprehension and narrative skill (at 5 years of age) on children’s reading ability at 10 and 14 years of age.SampleWe examined the data from 716 children (MAge = 67 months, SD = 2.13 months), which were drawn from a major population cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.MethodsChildren’s language skills were assessed at 5 and word reading and reading comprehension skills at 10 years of age. The reading achievement scores at 14 years of age were based on national curriculum test results.ResultsLinguistic comprehension and narrative skills at 5 years of age made unique and direct contributions to reading comprehension skills and reading achievement after accounting for general cognitive ability, memory, phonological skills, and mother's education. Moreover, listening comprehension predicted reading achievement even when prior reading skills were taken into account.ConclusionsLinguistic comprehension and narrative skills are related but distinct oral language skills that continue to influence children's reading development beyond the primary school years.
How do Visitors Perceive the Role of Authentic Objects in Museums?
Authors: Schwan Stephan , Dutz Silke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study investigated visitors’ notions of authentic objects across nine different German museums, three science and technology, three natural history, and three cultural history. The findings build on prior studies into visitors’ conceptions of authenticity of artifacts in science museums, indicating a nuanced role of authentic objects for museum exhibitions from the visitors' perspective. The results were generally consistent across all three museum types. Visitors emphasized cognitive effects of authentic objects, wanted authentic objects to be accompanied by additional information, and considered replicas to be legitimate substitutes. Visitors indicated that they accept that authentic objects could include modifications or improvements if the original object contained elements that were fragile or subject to harm from their use in an exhibition setting.
Does the right ventricle experiment morphologic and functional changes similarly to the left ventricle during pregnancy?
Authors: del Prado Díaz Susana , de la Calle María , Valbuena‐López Silvia C. , Montoro López Nieves , Merás Colunga Pablo , Bartha Jose Luis , Guzmán‐Martínez Gabriela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveMorphological and functional right ventricular (RV) changes during normal pregnancy remain poorly characterized. Similar to left ventricle, RV load and function are expected to change, and establishing reference values for RV during a healthy pregnancy is critical for the evaluation of pregnancy‐related heart disease. The aim of the study was to describe RV adaptation in a prospective cohort.MethodsSerial echocardiographic examinations were performed in second trimester (24 ± 2 weeks), third (32 ± 2 week) trimester, and postpartum (>3 months after delivery). Nulliparous women were evaluated as control group. RV linear dimensions, areas, and function were assessed and compared.ResultsForty‐three pregnant women were evaluated and compared with nineteen nulliparous women as control. Function parameters decreased along gestation. RV fractional area fell from second to third trimester (52.01 ± 0.92 vs 48.73 ± 0.97, P < .05), as well as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (2.62 ± 0.05 vs 2.41 ± 0.05, P < .05); however, RV longitudinal strain (L) decreased earlier, showing main changes from second trimester (26.17 ± 0.86 vs 22.71 ± 0.57, P < .003, control vs second trimester). S′‐wave velocity followed a different pattern without changes during pregnancy. RV diameters significantly increased during pregnancy: basal (3.65 ± 0.06 vs 3.90 ± 0.06, P < .05), mid‐ (2.70 ± 0.06 vs 3.00 ± 0.07, P < .05), longitudinal (6.90 ± 0.09 vs 7.32 ± 0.11, P < .05), and right ventricle outflow tract proximal diameter (3.20 ± 0.06 vs 3.44 ± 0.06, P < .05). RV areas also suffered early variation during pregnancy. In postpartum evaluation, all these changes were reversed.ConclusionDuring pregnancy, RV experiments important variations. RV size increases, and its function decreases. Changes in LS were earlier compared with other function measures.