bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adiciones a la biota de líquenes de la Isla del Coco, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Authors: Umaña-Tenorio Loengrin Alfonso 
Published: March 2020

Introducción: La composición florística de la Isla del Coco está relativamente bien estudiada, principalmente la de plantas fanerógamas. Otros organismos, como los líquenes, continúan poco estudiados. Objetivo: El propósito de este inventario es ampliar la documentación sobre las especies de líquenes presentes en la Isla del Coco, mediante la revisión de literatura y colecciones de herbario, así como de nuevas colectas, para facilitar el conocimiento de su diversidad. Métodos: Se confeccionó una lista de las colecciones depositadas en varios herbarios dentro y fuera de Costa Rica, se complementó con las referencias bibliográficas de trabajos previos y, adicionalmente, se realizó una gira de campo en noviembre 2017 para recolectar y fotografiar especímenes. Los nombres de las especies incluidas se adecuaron de acuerdo con la base de datos en línea Index Fungorum. Resultados: Se recopilaron 284 ejemplares para la Isla del Coco pertenecientes a 173 taxones diferentes (incluyendo 40 nuevos registros), de los cuales 25 se identificaron a nivel de género y 148 a nivel de especie. Los ejemplares están distribuidos en 23 familias y 66 géneros. Las familias mejor representadas son Graphidaceae (25 spp.), Pilocarpaceae (24 spp.) y la familia Collemataceae (macrolíquenes, 8spp.). Los géneros Porina (15 spp.) y Strigula (14 spp.) fueron los más diversos. De las 148 especies, la mayoría (52%) son de distribución pantropical (pero también con presencia en zonas templadas). Las especies neotropicales representaron un 34%, las cosmopolitas un 13% y, hasta donde se conoce, las endémicas un 1%. La colonización de la isla por líquenes se debe a diferentes factores de dispersión como el viento, la lluvia, la migración de aves y la actividad humana. Conclusión: A pesar de la adición de nuevos taxones a la lista, el conocimiento sobre la diversidad liquénica de la isla puede aumentar, ya que quedan muchas áreas por explorar.
Challenges in identification of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. in Lebanon
Authors: Halimeh Fatima Bachir , Rafei Rayane , Diene Seydina , Mikhael Mary , Mallat Hassan , Achkar Marcel , Dabboussi Fouad , Hamze Monzer , Rolain Jean-Marc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the routine identification tools available in Lebanon for differentiation of Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. The identification of 43 isolates defined as Shigella spp. by Api 20E was accessed using MALDI-TOF, serological testing, duplex PCR targeting ipaH (present in Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive E. coli “EIEC”) and lacY (found in E. coli including EIEC but not Shigella spp.) as well as gyrB gene sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated as well as Shiga-toxin production. All isolates were identified as E. coli by MALDI-TOF while the PCR showed a disparate group of 26 EIEC, 11 Shigella spp., 5 E. coli and 1 inactive E. coli. However, the sequencing of gyrB gene, which was recently described as a suitable marker for distinguishing E. coli and Shigella spp., identified all isolates as E. coli. Antibiotic resistance was noticeable against ß-lactams, rifampicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. The most common variants of beta-lactamase genes were blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, and blaCTX-M-3. A great discordance between the used methods in identification was revealed herein. An accurate identification technique able to distinguish E. coli from Shigella spp. in routine laboratories is a pressing need in order to select the appropriate treatment and assess the epidemiology of these bacteria.
Validación del método de detección de antígeno prostático específico (psa), por inmunocromatografía (Orgenics) aplicado a líquido seminal presente en manchas secas y escobillones
Authors: Cifuentes Sandra Liliana 
Published: March 2020

El antígeno prostático específico (PSA) es generalmente usado para detectar y monitorear cuantitativamente el desarrollo de cáncer de próstata por niveles en suero de esta proteína, esta también es encontrada en altas concentraciones en semen. Diversos métodos reproducibles, sensibles y simples han sido desarrollados para el análisis de la presencia de PSA incluyendo técnicas inmunocromatográficas. Los procedimientos más comunes para la detección forense de semen se han enfocado en la identificación de espermatozoides, actividad de la fosfatasa ácida y métodos inmunoelectroforéticos. Aunque estos métodos han sido utilizados por muchos años, existen algunos problemas asociados con cada método. El objetivo de esta investigación fue validar la prueba inmunocromatográfica para la detección de PSA en muestras forenses, para ello se realizaron diferentes diluciones de un patrón de semen con una concentración de PSA de 100.000ng/ml, encontrándose un límite de detección de 10 ng/ml. En manchas secas y escobillones, se presentaron resultados positivos a partir de concentraciones de 500 ng/ml. De igual manera se evaluó el comportamiento de la prueba ante interferentes, tales como sangre, orina masculina y femenina, leche materna, secreciones vaginales, materia fecal y saliva. Mostrando resultados positivos para sangre y orina de un individuo con cáncer de próstata se reporta una sensibilidad de 91.6% y una especificidad de 100%. Los resultados sugieren que este test puede ser usado como presuntivo para determinar la presencia de semen en muestras forenses.
Специфика финансовых механизмов местного самоуправления в России
Authors: Мысляева Ирина Николаевна , Науменко Тамара Васильевна 
Published: March 2020

Статья посвящена выявлению основ проявления негативных тенденций в развитии местного самоуправления в России. Внимание обращено на то, что во многих регионах муниципальные бюджеты по-прежнему остаются дефицитными, и это явление начинает принимать хронический характер. Основной исследовательской задачей статьи является выявление глубинных причин сложившейся ситуации в области формирова­ния местных бюджетов. Обобщая опыт их формирования на протяжении последних двадцати лет, авторы приходят к выводу, что тенденции обусловлены особенностями развития местного самоуправления. Именно данный вывод позволяет понять почему преимущественно дефицитное состояние местных бюджетов не может быть сглажено частичными реформами системы налогообложения или совершенствованием механизмов межбюджетного выравнивания на субрегиональном уровне. Наличие негативных тенденций в развитии местного самоуправления обусловлено игнорированием теоретических представлений относительно самой природы местного самоуправления и экономических механизмов его реализации. Чтобы решить практическую задачу, связанную с наполняемостью местных бюджетов, необходимо, в первую очередь, уточнить ряд важных теоретических вопросов. В частности, обратиться к выявлению сущности местного самоуправления как особой сферы управления, отделенной от государственного управления, выявить особенности формирования и использования финансовых ресурсов, которыми местное сообщество распоряжается самостоятельно. Только на этой основе можно сформировать устойчивую финансовую базу для развития местных сообществ в России. Авторами также сделан вывод о том, что финансовые механизмы местного самоуправления нуждаются в коренном реформировании, прежде всего на институциальном уровне. Выявлено, что решение этой задачи может быть обеспечено за счет развития процессов демократизации бюджетного процесса на местном уровне, а также посредством формирования новых институтов, способствующих реализации этой цели.
Current approaches to assessment of the impact of the environmental contamination on cancer risk
Authors: Solenova L. G. 
Published: March 2020

The current estimates of the contribution of the environmental contamination to cancer mortality range from 1 to 20 %, being a function of the ecological conditions, the density of industrial enterprises, occupational composition of the population, and others. Assessment of the impact of environmental contamination on cancer risk includes: •setting research priorities on the local, regional, and on the all-Russian levels; •the selection of the research that may be maximally socially profitable; •the choice of the research method that the most adequately meets the research objectives; •systemic analysis of the planed research to determine the availability of the resources, personnel, and information; •monitoring of atmospheric pollutions with analysis of the fraction composition of the particulate matters; •coordination of available data basis on environment and the population health conditions; •the implementation of the of molecular biology to determine prenosological manifestation of carcinogenesis and development of fine and diverse research methods on relationships between the environment and cancer risk.For effective implementation of the research objectives aimed to decrease the impact of hazard factors with special reference on cancer risk in the Russian population, it is necessary: to create training personnel capable of providing epidemiologic studies, using up-to day methods, publication of methodological materials, text books, and sufficient funding of studies.
The importance of preexisting drug resistance due to overexpression of P-glycoprotein for the formation of resistance to bortezomib
Authors: Laletina L. A. , Moiseeva N. I. , Karamysheva A. F. 
Published: March 2020

Objective of the study. In our work we investigated the effect of pre-existing drug resistance by the mechanism of activation of ABC transporters – P-glycoprotein (Pgp) overexpression – on the development of resistance to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib.Materials and methods. Cultures RPMI8226 and K562 / i-S9 (with Pgp overexpression) and their bortezomib-resistant sublines RPMI8226 / btz-6 and K562 / i-S9vlc were used as models. The methods used were MTT test, flow cytometry, Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction using the Human Signal Transduction Pathway Finder system.Results. The expression of the main PI3K-AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways did not change in RPMI8226 / btz-6 subline cells. However, AKT kinase expression was significantly increased and PTEN protein expression was reduced in K562 / i-S9vlc cells with Pgp-overexpression. Significant changes in gene expression (42 %) were found in RPMI8226 / btz-6 cells related to a number of main signaling pathways in the tumor cell, namely: activation of 3–4 genes in signaling pathways related to hypoxia, oxidative stress, PPAR and p53. The highest activation in these cells was found in the TGFβ signaling pathway. In resistant K562 / i-S9vlc cells, expression of only 5 genes (10 %) increased: Fas, HMOX1, CPT2, ICAM, and SOCS3. Three genes were also identified that changed in both resistant sublines: Fas, HMOX1 and CPT2. Further, we showed that in the RPMI8226 / btz-6 subline, along with changes in the expression of signal transduction genes, there is a large pool of CD138-negative cells, and in the K562 / i-S9vlc subline, the number of cells expressing CD34 increases and the number of CD13 decreases.Conclusion. We found that different signaling pathways are involved in the formation of resistance to bortezomib in the absence of Pgp expression and its overexpression. In addition, a cell line without activated resistance pathways requires more extensive rearrangements in the signal system to acquire resistance to bortezomib. However, in both cases, bortezomib leads to a change in the immunophenotype of the cells – to the appearance of dedifferentiated subpopulations.
Problems of Interpretation of Paragraph 2 of Article 35 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation in Russian Legal Science and Jurisprudence
Authors: Dobrovinskiy A. A. 
Published: March 2020

The paper analyzes the issues of interpretation and application of the presumption of spousal consent in transactions involving the common property of spouses. Presumption of spousal consent to carry out transactions with common property is considered in the context of its correlation with the principle of equality of spouses, including property relations. The paper deals with the jurisprudence on this issue, including the decisions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The author has determined practical problems in the field of application of this rule of law. The author comes to the conclusion that the legal regulation of the legal regime of property of spouses, in force at present, has a number of shortcomings that not only violate the rights of co-owners of the specified property, but also, in our view, are often contrary to the law. In particular, the current jurisprudence with regard to paragraph 1 of section 2 of Article 35 of the RF Family Code contradicts both the constitutional rule enshrined in Article 35 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation providing for the protection of the interests of the owner and the norms of the Family Code of the Russian Federation establishing the principle of equality of spouses in property relations (Articles 21, 31, 35). The paper gives reasonable proposals to improve the legislation. To this end, the author suggests the following wording for Paragraph 1 of Section 2 of Article 35 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation: “When one of the spouses carries out a transaction in the administration of the common property of the spouses, it is assumed that one spouse acts with the consent of the other spouse. This assumption applies exclusively to the legal relationship of spouses with third parties.”
On Sex Offender Registry
Authors: Klyuchnikov A. Yu. 
Published: March 2020

The paper examines the experience of the United States of America in recording and classifying convicted sexual offenders. The Federal register is a comprehensive criminal and administrative law tool for crime prevention. It has its origins in similar state registers. The author examines the principles of maintaining the register, the grounds for inclusion in the register and exclusion from it, the volume of data to be published, the frequency of data updates, and conducts a criminological characterization of the Institute. The paper analyzes the case law of the Supreme courts of the United States regarding the constitutionality of the rules and principles that form the institution of the registry, their retroactive application, and compliance with procedural and material guarantees of a fair trial. The author concludes that it is possible to introduce a similar Federal register in Russia, but taking into account the shortcomings identified in the study. Currently, the efforts of the legislator in this part are obvious (increasing criminal responsibility for violent sexual crimes with the establishment of restrictions on freedom, the emergence of new tools of "deterrence" in the hands of law enforcement agencies, such as administrative supervision). However, the measures are not comprehensive, often overlap, and do not achieve the stated goal (execution of restrictions under administrative supervision after serving the restriction of freedom). The author believes that it can be an independent institution, implemented from the stage of execution of the sentence, accessible to law enforcement agencies and victims, and in cases provided for by law — for social and educational institutions, guardianship authorities, family and child protection.
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğuna Moleküler Bakış: Genetik ve İmmünolojik Etmenler ile Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası üzerine Bulgular
Authors: GURBANOV Rafig 
Published: March 2020

Çağımızın giderek artan sorunlarından biri olan otizm
spektrum bozukluğu sosyal gelişimde yetersizlik, tekrarlayıcı motor hareketler
ve dil gelişiminde gerilik gibi heterojen nörogelişimsel rahatsızlıklar için
kullanılan şemsiye bir terimdir. Hastalığın etiyolojisini etkileyen en önemli
nedenlerin başında genetik etmenler gelmektedir. Otizmin, çoğu kromozom
üzerinde birçok lokus da meydana gelmiş mutasyonlardan etkilendiği
kanıtlanmıştır. Hastalığın etiyolojisine katkıda bulunan bir başka etmen ise
immün sistemdir. Yapılan çalışmalar immün sistemi oluşturan elemanlardaki
değişkenliklerin otizmi yakından etkilediğini göstermiştir. Otizmin kalıtımsal
rolü ne kadar güçlü olsa da çevresel etmenlerin sebep olduğu disfonksiyonlar da
göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu bağlamda, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının, otizm ile
ilişkili olduğu güncel çalışmalarla kanıtlanmıştır. Ayrıca, bozulmuş bağırsak mikrobiyotanın
immün sistemi ve merkezi sinir sistemini etkileyerek otizm benzeri davranışlara
sebep olduğu da
bilinmektedir. Bu derlemede, bahsedilen
etmenler moleküler düzeyde incelenmiş ve probiyotiklerle tedavi seçeneklerinin
potansiyelinden bahsedilmiştir.
Yaşlı Kadınların Cinselliğe Bakış Açısı, Yaşadığı Sorunlar ve Sağlık Profesyonellerinin Rolü
Authors: TOPTAŞ Belma , AKSU Hilmiye 
Published: March 2020

Yaşlanma,
intrauterin hayatta başlayarak ölüme kadar devam eden ve geri dönüşümü olmayan
bir çağdır. Cinsellik ise, fetal hayatta başlayıp ömür boyu süren, üreme ve
cinsel doyumu içeren, tüm bedeni ve aklı ilgilendiren, toplumun kültürel
değerleri ve ahlaki unsurlarından etkilenen bir ihtiyaçtır. Yapılan araştırma
sonuçlarına bakıldığında, yaşlılık döneminde cinsel aktivitenin azalacağı veya
olumsuz yönde etkileneceğinin düşünüldüğü toplumlarda kadınların bu durumdan
etkilendiği görülmektedir. Bazı çalışmalarda yaşlı kadınlar cinselliği önemli
bulmaktadır. Cinsel yönden aktif olan kadınlarda yüksel cinsel doyum
yaşanmaktadır. Kadınlar için cinsellik sadece cinsel ilişki değil eşle beraber
geçirilen güzel vakitleri de içine almaktadır. İlerleyen yaş ile beraber
biyolojik ve hormonal değişimler cinsel fonksiyonu olumsuz yönde
etkileyebilmektedir. Kültürel faktörler, toplum baskısı, dini inanışlar da
cinsel yaşama etki etmektedir. Yaşlı kadınların cinsellik ile ilgili
sorunlarından birinin de eş bulamama olduğu görülmektedir. Sağlık
çalışanlarının yaşlılıktaki cinsel yaşama karşı olan düşünceleri bu dönemin
daha sağlıklı bir şekilde devam etmesi bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Yaşlılıkta
cinselliğe karşı, profesyonel yaklaşımın
nasıl olması gerektiği ile ilgili çalışmaların arttırılması gerekmektedir.
Estado da arte de pesquisas sobre Tecnologia Assistiva na Região Norte, no período de 2015 a 2019
Authors: Matos Maria Almerinda De Souza , Dos Santos Christiane Bruce 
Published: March 2020

<p class="Normal1"> </p><p class="Normal1"> </p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Resumo</strong></p><p class="Normal1">Esse estudo se propôsThis study aimed to investigate the presence or absence Assistive Technology. Special Education. Accessibility. Social Inclusion. Assistive Technology. Special Education. Accessibility. Social Inclusion. Assistive Technology. Special Education. Accessibility. Social Inclusion. o sensu post-graduate research on Assistive Technology (AT) in the northern region of the country. This state- of- art is part of our doctoral thesis on TA which is still being written. Assistive Technology is an interdisciplinary area that encompasses resources and services that aim to give functionality to the lives of people with disabilities or reduced mobility. The object of study was the Brazilian Library of Theses and Dissertations and the Data base of Post-graduate Programs in Education of the Northern Region, recognized by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education - Capes. Improvement Cordination A study was made from 2015 to 2019. The survey results indicate that only three researches related to the theme were found in the entire Northern Region. This indicates the low capillarity of AT research in Brazil and the urgency for investiments on AT research in the states that are part of the studied region, since the literature indicates that the demands on AT are distributed throughout Brazil. a investigar a presença ou ausência de pesquisas de Pós-graduação stricto sensu acerca da Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) na Região Norte do país. Esse estado da Arte faz parte de nossa tese de doutorado sobre TA a qual está em processo de construção. Tecnologia Assistiva é uma área de conhecimento de característica interdisciplinar que engloba recursos e serviços que objetivam dar funcionalidade a vida das pessoas com deficiência, incapacidade ou mobilidade reduzida. Serviram como objeto de estudo a Biblioteca Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e os Banco de Dados dos Programas de Pós-graduação em Educação da Região Norte reconhecidos pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior- Capes. Foi feito um recorte do período de 2015 a 2019. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que foram encontradas apenas três pesquisas relacionadas a temática em toda Região Norte. Isso indica a baixa capilaridade das pesquisas em TA no Brasil e a urgência de investimento em pesquisas em TA nos estados que compõem a região estudada, uma vez que a literatura indica que as demandas em TA estão distribuídas em todo o Brasil.</p><p class="Normal1"> </p>
Stimulation of Macrophage Cells Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Et al. Al-Saeedi 
Published: March 2020

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania tropica parasite. Current treatments for this parasite are undesirable because of their toxicity, resistance, and high cost. Macrophages are key players against pathogens. Nitric oxide (NO), a molecule produce by immune cells, controls intracellular killing of pathogens during infection. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against various types of infectious diseases. It has the ability to stimulate oxygen species production. This study aims to analyze the macrophages activation through NO production and estimate the cytotoxicity based on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release upon exposure to L. tropica and Ag NPs. Serially concentrations of Ag NPs were used under two conditions during and following macrophages exposure to L. tropica. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of Ag NPs on L. tropica amastigotes during infection of macrophages in vitro. The results showed that by increasing the Ag NPs concentrations, the viability percentage of L. tropica amastigotes decreased and reached to 21.7 ± 0.64 % during infection compared with the control. The 50% inhibitory concentration of Ag NPs on amastigotes was 2.048µg/ml during infection. Moreover, post-phagocytosis study involved the assessment of NO and LDH release by macrophages upon exposure to L. tropica. It have shown that untreated macrophages released low levels of NO while in the presence of Ag NPs, macrophages were activated to produce higher levels of NO under all experimental conditions. On the other hand, macrophages were capable of controlling cytotoxicity and decreasing LDH levels during phagocytosis of L. tropica amastiogotes. Taking together, these findings suggest that Ag NPs can enhance macrophages NO production which provides a method for the identification of Ag NPs ligands with microbicidal and anti-cytotoxic properties against L. tropica pathogens.