bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Have I Finished?
Authors: Morgan Oliver 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces the set of questions which frame the second half of the book—how one person can know when another person has finished, or will finish, speaking, and what happens if they fail to reply at the appropriate moment. It reviews what interactional linguistics and cognitive science have to say about the timing of transitions between turns and asks what this might mean for the study of Shakespearean dialogue. There are no easy answers to such questions. The dramatic text is profoundly ambiguous with regard to timing. It tells us what happens next but not when or how quickly it happens, even if Shakespeare is characteristically inventive when it comes to escaping such limitations. The chapter ends with a detailed examination of these issues in Volumnia’s great speech to Coriolanus outside the walls of Rome (Coriolanus, 5.3).
Why Worry about Decision-Making by Machine?
Authors: Yeung Karen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter poses a deceptively simple question: what, precisely, are we concerned with when we worry about decision-making by machine? Focusing on fully automated decision-making systems, it suggests that there are three broad sources of ethical anxiety arising from the use of algorithmic decision-making systems: concerns associated with the decision process, concerns about the outputs thereby generated, and concerns associated with the use of such systems to predict and personalize services offered to individuals. The chapter examines each of these concerns, drawing on analytical concepts that are familiar in legal and constitutional scholarship, often used to identify various legal and other regulatory governance mechanisms through which the adverse effects associated with particular actions or activities might be addressed.
Evidence Neutrality and the Moral Value of Information
Authors: Askell Amanda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, Amanda Askell takes up the question of whether there is a case for favoring interventions whose effectiveness has stronger evidential support, when expected effectiveness is equal. Of course, in practice expected effectiveness might well not be equal: as Askell notes, given a sceptical prior, it might be only in the presence of substantial positive evidence that any intervention can have an expected value significantly higher than that of “doing nothing”. But is there a case for favoring evidence-backed interventions over and above this contribution of evidence to expected value? Askell argues that in fact the reverse is true: when expected value is equal one should prefer to invest in interventions that have less evidential support, on the grounds that by doing so one can acquire evidence of their effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) that may then be valuable for future investment decisions.
The Catholic Church and the Northern Ireland Troubles, 1968-1998
Authors: Scull Margaret M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This book evaluates the role of the Catholic Church in mediating conflict situations, with the Northern Ireland ‘Troubles’ acting as a case study. Until surprisingly recently the only accounts of the Irish Catholic Church during this period were written by Irish priests and bishops and were commemorative, rather than analytical, in intent. During the conflict, these individuals often worked behind the scenes, acting as go-betweens for the British government and republican paramilitaries, with the aim of bringing about a peaceful solution. In addition, this study explores the impact of the English Catholic Church on the conflict and provides a broad analysis of key themes in the history of the Catholic Church during the ‘Troubles’. It argues for an entangled approach to this history, maintaining that we must study the actions of the American, Irish, and English Catholic Churches, as well as that of the Vatican, to uncover the full impact of the Church on the conflict. A critical analysis of previously neglected state documents alongside Irish and English Catholic Church archival material changes our perspective on the role of a religious institution in a modern conflict. Author-conducted interviews with leading priests, women religious, bishops, former paramilitaries, community organizers, and politicians add colour and nuance to the debate.
‘The Men of Violence’, 1976–1981
Authors: Scull Margaret M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the prison protests in Long Kesh/Maze Prison. It evaluates Church responses to the evolving protest by republican paramilitary prisoners on their quest for ‘five demands’ for political prisoner status. The chapter will culminate with the 1980 and 1981 hunger strikes which saw the deaths of ten men in the prison, including Bobby Sands, and more than sixty deaths outside caused by heightened community tensions. At this point, the English and Irish Catholic Churches faced their greatest point of division over the issue of hunger striking as suicide; a schism often reported by the British media. Fr Denis Faul, a civil rights activist, effectively ended the 1981 hunger strike by convincing the families to medically intervene. The legacy of the strikes fractured the tenuous relationship between the Church and Irish Republicans, marking a major turning point in the conflict.
‘Marvellous Melbourne’
Authors: Blomkamp Emma , Lewis Jenny M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Melbourne has been named the world’s most liveable city for almost a decade on a number of global rankings. Leaving aside problems of such indicators, Melbourne has transformed from an economic basket-case of industrial decline in the 1980s into a vibrant and cosmopolitan world city. Central to this transformation been a set of determined moves by the city and state governments to change the city centre from an inhospitable place into a desirable location to work, live, and play. In this chapter, more than two decades (1980–2015) of city planning and policy development are charted to explain Melbourne’s remarkable economic resurgence and cultural revitalization. This is not a straightforward tale of policy success, however. Strained relations between the state and city governments, changing technologies and industrial trends, and at times hostile reactions to the creative visions of the city’s architects have threatened policy success. Informed by extensive research and consultation, the city government nevertheless stimulated housing and retail development, and activated public space. Strategic interventions by the state government to stimulate the economy in key areas of strength, combined with the city government’s people-centric approach to liveability, have effectively made the city more amenable, creative, smart, and sustainable.
The Copenhagen Metropolitan ‘Finger Plan’
Authors: Sørensen Eva , Torfing Jacob 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The metropolitan region of Copenhagen in Denmark has successfully avoided urban sprawl through a comprehensive public plan initiated more than seventy years ago. Given the well-known challenges to urban planning, it is surprising how successful this so-called Finger Plan has been in governing the process of expansion and development to satisfy both public planners and private citizens. Formulated in the optimistic post-war years, 1945–7, when the pressure on land use outside the city centre was still limited, the plan was initiated by the private Urban Planning Lab. In today’s terminology, this was a bottom-up grassroots initiative which maintained support from local, regional, and national decision-makers. Higher than expected growth in population, economy, and transportation infrastructure has been achieved through robust adaptation. Now considered by many to be one of the greatest Danish planning achievements in history, it was included in 2006 on the national list of celebrated cultural icons. The chapter analyses the conditions for and adaptive development of the Finger Plan. The analysis of the factors driving the successful formulation and implementation of the Finger Plan pays attention to the question of timing, the professional process management, the political coalition building, the strength of metaphors, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions.
Healing the Ozone Layer
Authors: Albrecht Frederike , Parker Charles F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Montreal Protocol—the regime designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer—has widely been hailed as the gold standard of global environmental governance and is one of few examples of international institutional cooperative arrangements successfully solving complex transnational problems. Although the stratospheric ozone layer still bears the impacts of ozone depleting substances (ODSs), the problem of ozone depletion is well on its way to being solved due to the protocol. This chapter examines how the protocol was designed and implemented in a way that has allowed it to successfully overcome a number of thorny challenges that most international environmental regimes must face: how to attract sufficient participation, how to promote compliance and manage non-compliance, how to strengthen commitments over time, how to neutralize or co-opt potential ‘veto players’, how to make the costs of implementation affordable, how to leverage public opinion in support of the regime’s goals, and, ultimately, how to promote the behavioural and policy changes needed to solve the problems and achieve the goals the regime was designed to solve. The chapter concludes that while some of the reasons for the Montreal Protocol’s success, such as fairly affordable, available substitutes for ODSs, are not easy to replicate, there are many other elements of this story that can be utilized when thinking about how to design solutions to other transnational environmental problems.
The Matter of Song in Early Modern England
Authors: Larson Katherine R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Given the variety and richness of the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English “songscape,” it might seem unsurprising to suggest that early modern song needs to be considered as sung. When a reader encounters a song in a sonnet sequence, a romance, and even a masque or a play, however, the tendency is to engage with it as poem rather than as musical performance. The Matter of Song in Early Modern England: Texts in and of the Air opens up the notion of song from a performance-based perspective and considers the implications of reading early modern song not simply as lyric text but as embodied and gendered musical practice. Animating the traces of song preserved in physiological and philosophical commentaries, singing handbooks, poetic treatises, and literary texts ranging from Mary Sidney Herbert’s Psalmes to John Milton’s Comus, the book confronts song’s ephemerality, its lexical and sonic capriciousness, and its airy substance. These features can resist critical analysis but were vital to song’s affective workings in the early modern period. The Matter of Song in Early Modern England demonstrates the need to attend much more closely to the musical dimensions of literary production and circulation in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England. It also makes an important and timely contribution to our understanding of women’s engagement with song as writers and as performers. A companion recording of fourteen songs, featuring Larson (soprano) and Lucas Harris (lute), brings the project’s innovative methodology and central case studies to life.
Constructing Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Duncan Anthony , Janssen Michel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This is the first of two volumes on the genesis of quantum mechanics. It covers the key developments in the period 1900–1923 that provided the scaffold on which the arch of modern quantum mechanics was built in the period 1923–1927 (covered in the second volume). After tracing the early contributions by Planck, Einstein, and Bohr to the theories of black‐body radiation, specific heats, and spectroscopy, all showing the need for drastic changes to the physics of their day, the book tackles the efforts by Sommerfeld and others to provide a new theory, now known as the old quantum theory. After some striking initial successes (explaining the fine structure of hydrogen, X‐ray spectra, and the Stark effect), the old quantum theory ran into serious difficulties (failing to provide consistent models for helium and the Zeeman effect) and eventually gave way to matrix and wave mechanics. Constructing Quantum Mechanics is based on the best and latest scholarship in the field, to which the authors have made significant contributions themselves. It breaks new ground, especially in its treatment of the work of Sommerfeld and his associates, but also offers new perspectives on classic papers by Planck, Einstein, and Bohr. Throughout the book, the authors provide detailed reconstructions (at the level of an upper‐level undergraduate physics course) of the cental arguments and derivations of the physicists involved. All in all, Constructing Quantum Mechanics promises to take the place of older books as the standard source on the genesis of quantum mechanics.
The Emergence of the Robo-Advisor
Authors: Fisch Jill E. , Labouré Marion , Turner John A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Robo-advisors are online services that use computer algorithms to provide financial advice and manage customers’ investment portfolios. This chapter describes the development of the robo-advisor industry and compares robo-advisors to traditional human financial advisors. Robo-advisors emerged in response to people’s need for financial advice and the high cost of obtaining that advice from human advisors. Pure robo-advisors, which offer no direct human contact, are generally substantially less expensive than human advisors, and the use of computer algorithms allows for an increasing degree of personalization of the advice. Nevertheless, robo-advisors do not provide customers with all of the services offered by human advisors and, in particular, human contact. In response, some firms are offering hybrid robo/human services that combine cost savings from a robo-advisor with some human input.
Behavioral Finance, Decumulation, and the Regulatory Strategy for Robo-Advice
Authors: Baker Tom , Dellaert Benedict 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the regulatory and market structure concerns raised by automated financial advisors, and arrives at two conclusions. First, the principles-based regulatory approach of the 1940 Investment Advisors Act in the U.S. appears adequate and sufficiently flexible to address the new issues raised by automation, at least for now. Second, there is a pressing need to develop new mechanisms for encouraging investment robo-advisors (and financial advisors generally) to provide high quality decumulation services to their customers, because neither of the two prevailing compensation approaches—assets under management and commissions—provides sufficient incentive at present, and consumers are poorly equipped to evaluate the quality of decumulation services on their own.
The Ends of Kinship in the French Romantic Novel
Authors: Britton Jeanne M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
René and Atala by François-René de Chateaubriand and Paul et Virginie by Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre each specify a novelistic version of sympathy that arises when stories of forbidden sibling attachment that threaten incest pass between figurative fathers and sons. These texts did not begin as novels, and their internal stories of textual genesis suggest that a particular model of sympathy shapes the transformation of narrative episode into stand-alone novel. In each of these novels, which were popular after the French Revolution’s critique of paternity and its cry of fraternité, siblinghood poses problems of extreme resemblance, a stymied present, and a resistance to the representation and transmission of narrative. Kinship metaphors in scenes of narrative transmission suggest that in order to become independent works of fiction, these extracted episodes rely in part on the accommodated differences, temporal progression, and narrative channels that figurative relationships of paternity offer.
Standards of diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Brian Jessica A , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Ip Angie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has created a need to expand ASD diagnostic capacity by community-based paediatricians and other primary care providers. Although evidence suggests that some children can be definitively diagnosed by 2 years of age, many are not diagnosed until 4 to 5 years of age. Most clinical guidelines recommend multidisciplinary team involvement in the ASD diagnostic process. Although a maximal wait time of 3 to 6 months has been recommended by three recent ASD guidelines, the time from referral to a team-based ASD diagnostic evaluation commonly takes more than a year in many Canadian communities. More paediatric health care providers should be trained to diagnose less complex cases of ASD. This statement provides community-based paediatric clinicians with recommendations, tools, and resources to perform or assist in the diagnostic evaluation of ASD. It also offers guidance on referral for a comprehensive needs assessment both for treatment and intervention planning, using a flexible, multilevel approach.
Nuclear statistical equilibrium equation of state with a parametrized Dirac–Brückner Hartree–Fock calculation
Authors: Furusawa Shun , Togashi Hajime , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Saito Koichi , Yamada Shoichi , Suzuki Hideyuki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We calculate new equations of state (EOSs) for astrophysical simulations in the framework of the extended nuclear statistical equilibrium, in which we minimize the free energy density for the full ensemble of nuclei in a hot and dense stellar environment. To evaluate bulk and surface energies of heavy nuclei and free energies of uniformly distributed nucleons, we use fitting formulae for the interaction energies and single-nucleon potentials at zero temperature of a Dirac–Brückner Hartree–Fock (DBHF) theory, one of the modern approaches to describe homogeneous nuclear matter. We find that the DBHF EOS exhibits larger mass fractions for medium-mass nuclei and smaller mass fractions for the other nuclei than the EOS obtained using the variational method (VM), another modern model for homogeneous nuclear matter. This effect is due to the more deeply bound energy for symmetric nuclear matter and the larger symmetry energy encoded in the DBHF EOS. At supra-nuclear densities, the DBHF EOS exhibits characteristics of a larger free energy, a higher pressure, and a larger neutron chemical potential of neutron-rich matter, which lead to a larger radius of cold neutron stars than that obtained by the VM EOS.
How Acquisitions Affect Firm Behavior and Performance: Evidence from the Dialysis Industry*
Authors: Eliason Paul J , Heebsh Benjamin , McDevitt Ryan C , Roberts James W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many industries have become increasingly concentrated through mergers and acquisitions, which in health care may have important consequences for spending and outcomes. Using a rich panel of Medicare claims data for nearly one million dialysis patients, we advance the literature on the effects of mergers and acquisitions by studying the precise ways providers change their behavior following an acquisition. We base our empirical analysis on more than 1,200 acquisitions of independent dialysis facilities by large chains over a 12-year period and find that chains transfer several prominent strategies to the facilities they acquire. Most notably, acquired facilities converge to the behavior of their new parent companies by increasing patients’ doses of highly reimbursed drugs, replacing high-skill nurses with less-skilled technicians, and waitlisting fewer patients for kidney transplants. We then show that patients fare worse as a result of these changes: outcomes such as hospitalizations and mortality deteriorate, with our long panel allowing us to identify these effects from within-facility or within-patient variation around the acquisitions. Because overall Medicare spending increases at acquired facilities, mostly as a result of higher drug reimbursements, this decline in quality corresponds to a decline in value for payers. We conclude the article by considering the channels through which acquisitions produce such large changes in provider behavior and outcomes, finding that increased market power cannot explain the decline in quality. Rather, the adoption of the acquiring firm’s strategies and practices drives our main results, with greater economies of scale for drug purchasing responsible for more than half of the change in profits following an acquisition.
Genome-wide Transcriptomic Analysis of the Response ofBotrytis cinereato Wuyiencin
Authors: Shi Liming , Liu Binghua , Wei Qiuhe , Ge Beibei , Zhang Kecheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGrey mould is caused by the ascomycetesBotrytis cinereain a range of crop hosts. As a biological control agent, the nucleoside antibiotic wuyiencin has been industrially produced and widely used as an effective fungicide. To elucidate the effects of wuyiencin on the transcriptional regulation inB. cinerea, we, for the first time, report a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis ofB. cinereatreated with wuyiencin. We could identify 2067 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); of them, 886 and 1181 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Functional categorization indicated that genes involved in amino acid metabolism and those encoding putative secreted proteins were remarkably influenced in response to wuyiencin treatment. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in protein synthesis and energy metabolism (oxidative phosphorylation) and of those encoding ATP-binding cassette transporters was markedly upregulated, whereas that of genes participating in DNA replication, cell cycle, and stress response was downregulated. Furthermore, wuyiencin resulted in mycelial malformation and negatively influenced cell growth rate and conidial yield inB. cinerea. Our results suggest that this nucleoside antibiotic regulates all aspects of cell growth and differentiation inB. cinerea. To summarize, we identified candidate pathways and target genes that may offer insights into the protective and antagonistic mechanisms underlying the action of biological control agents.