bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a primary care intervention to Reverse Frailty and Enhance Resilience through Exercise and dietary protein Education (REFEREE) in community-dwelling adults aged 65 and over
Authors: Travers John , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Power Dermot , Doran Peter , Langan John , MacNamara Fergal , McCormack Darren , McDermott Christopher , McEntire Jude , McKiernan Joanne , Vencken Sebastian , Murphy Andrew W. , Murphy Patrick J. , Ní Shé Éidin , O'Shea Diarmuid , Cooney Marie-Therese 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Resistance exercises and dietary protein have been shown to reverse frailty, yet they are not commonly offered in clinical practice. We aim to measure changes in health outcomes, including physical frailty status (SHARE-FI), clinical frailty status (CFS) and muscle mass, as a result of an optimised exercise and dietary intervention versus usual care in a primary care (PC) setting. The intervention has been derived from our systematic review and meta-analysis findings and optimised through patient and public involvement and multidisciplinary team input. Methods: This study is a multicentre randomised controlled parallel arm trial with a three month follow up. 210 eligible people aged 65 and over, no more than mildly frail, will be recruited in seven PC practices in Ireland and randomly assigned to ‘intervention’ or ‘usual care’. Intervention participants will be provided a leaflet with strength exercises, protein dietary guidance and educational discussion. Baseline measurements will include demographics, health indicators, comorbidities, malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST), frailty status (SHARE-FI, CFS) and muscle mass (bioelectrical impedance). Primary outcome will be frailty status measured by SHARE-FI at three months. Secondary outcomes include CFS, muscle mass, in-patient hospitalisation, long term care admission, and subjective ease of intervention and difference to general health. Statistical analysis will be undertaken by an independent statistician. Discussion: The diversity of tested frailty interventions and lack of clear guidance may contribute to low implementation rates. The REFEREE trial focusses on an optimised intervention for a syndrome that poses growing individual and societal challenges. It is hoped results can encourage mainstream adoption of interventions to reverse clinical frailty and build resilience in primary care. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04628754; registered on 13 November 2020.
A cross sectional hospital-based study of intimate partner violence and psychiatric comorbidity in pregnancy
Authors: Iyengar Rupa , Bondade Swapna , Raj Raghul 
Published: December 2020

Aim of the studyTo assess Intimate partner violence and psychiatric co-morbidities in pregnant women.Subject or material and methodsHundred and twenty consecutive patients who were pregnant attending the Ante natal clinic between 18-45 years were included in study. They were administered a semi structured proforma to collect socio demographic details, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) was assessed by WHO violence against women instrument. Psychiatric diagnosis was made according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 criteria (DSM-5), anxiety was assessed using Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAM-A), depression was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D).ResultsAbout 15% of the patients had psychiatric comorbidities and 35% of the patients had history of intimate partner violence. Eighteen (42.85%) of the 42 had psychological violence and 24(57.15%) had physical sexual violence. When we compared the females, who did not have IPV (group 1) and who had IPV (group 2)- suicidal ideas, MTPs more than one, stress, depressive disorder and anxiety disorder was more in group 2 and this difference was statistically significant. Substance abuse was observed more in group 2 spouses than group 1 spouses and was statistically significant.DiscussionIPV and psychiatric morbidity has been observed significantly during pregnancy and antenatal care presents a unique opportunity in which health care providers can foster trusting relationships with pregnant women, thereby increasing the likelihood of IPV detection and mitigating its related negative consequences to both mother and child.ConclusionsA significant number of pregnant women reported IPV. This emphasizes the importance of screening for IPV in these women.
Evaluation of pool-based testing approaches to enable population-wide screening for COVID-19
Authors: de Wolff Timo , Pflüger Dirk , Rehme Michael , Heuer Janin , Bittner Martin-Immanuel 
Published: December 2020

Objective
Rapid testing is paramount during a pandemic to prevent continued viral spread and excess morbidity and mortality. This study investigates whether testing strategies based on sample pooling can increase the speed and throughput of screening for SARS-CoV-2, especially in resource-limited settings.

Methods
In a mathematical modelling approach conducted in May 2020, six different testing strategies were simulated based on key input parameters such as infection rate, test characteristics, population size, and testing capacity. The situations in five countries were simulated, reflecting a broad variety of population sizes and testing capacities. The primary study outcome measurements were time and number of tests required, number of cases identified, and number of false positives.

Findings
The performance of all tested methods depends on the input parameters, i.e. the specific circumstances of a screening campaign. To screen one tenth of each country’s population at an infection rate of 1%, realistic optimised testing strategies enable such a campaign to be completed in ca. 29 days in the US, 71 in the UK, 25 in Singapore, 17 in Italy, and 10 in Germany. This is ca. eight times faster compared to individual testing. When infection rates are lower, or when employing an optimal, yet more complex pooling method, the gains are more pronounced. Pool-based approaches also reduce the number of false positive diagnoses by a factor of up to 100.

Conclusions
The results of this study provide a rationale for adoption of pool-based testing strategies to increase speed and throughput of testing for SARS-CoV-2, hence saving time and resources compared with individual testing.
PREMIUM: A French prospective multicenter observational study of factors impacting on efficacy and compliance to cetuximab treatment in first-line KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Mineur L. , François E. , Plassot C. , Phelip J. M. , Miglianico L. , Dourthe L. M. , Bonichon N. , Moreau L. , Guimbaud R. , Smith D. , Achille E. , Hervé R. , Bons J. M. , Remy S. , Faroux R. , Villing A. L. , Mahamat A. , Rabbia I. , Soulié P. , Baumgaertner I. , Mathé N. , Vazquez L. , Boustany R. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Cetuximab improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with KRAS wild type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Few data are available on factors impacting both efficacy and compliance to cetuximab treatment, which is, in combination with chemotherapy, a standard-of-care first-line treatment regimen for patients with KRAS wt mCRC.

Patients and methods
PREMIUM is a prospective, French multicenter, observational study that recruited patients with KRAS wt mCRC scheduled to receive cetuximab, with or without first-line chemotherapy, as part of routine clinical practice, between October 28, 2009 and April 5, 2012 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01756625). The main endpoints were the factors impacting on efficacy and compliance to cetuximab treatment. Predefined efficacy endpoints were PFS and safety.

Results
A total of 493 patients were recruited by 94 physicians. Median follow-up was 12.9 months. Median progression-free survival was 11 months [9.6–12]. In univariate analyses, ECOG performance status (PS), smoking status, primary tumor location, number of metastatic organs, metastasis resectability, surgery, folliculitis, xerosis and paronychia maximum grade, and acne preventive treatment were statistically significant. In multivariate analysis (Hazard Ratios of multivariate stepwise Cox models), ECOG PS, surgery, xerosis and folliculitis were positive prognostics factors for longer PFS. Among all patients, 69 (14%) were non-compliant. In multivariate analysis, no variables were statistically significant. The safety profile of cetuximab was consistent with previous studies.

Conclusions
ECOG PS <2, surgical treatment performed, and maximum grade xerosis or folliculitis developed were predictive factors of cetuximab efficacy on KRAS wt mCRC patients. Unfortunately, we failed in identifying predictive factors for compliance in these patients.
Polish version of SARC-F to assess sarcopenia in older adults: An examination of reliability and validity
Authors: Krzymińska-Siemaszko Roma , Deskur-Śmielecka Ewa , Kaluźniak-Szymanowska Aleksandra , Styszyński Arkadiusz , Wieczorowska-Tobis Katarzyna 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
SARC-F is a quick questionnaire recommended as a screening tool for sarcopenia. The aim of the study was to translate, adapt, and validate the Polish version of the SARC-F for community-dwelling older adults in Poland.

Materials and methods
We included 160 Polish volunteers aged ≥ 60 years (44% of men). The Polish version of SARC-F was adapted following standardized forward-backward translation procedure. SARC-F was validated against the six sets of diagnostic criteria as the reference standards [developed independently by European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People1 (EWGSOP1), European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People2 (EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project, Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), the International Working Group for Sarcopenia (IWGS), and Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SCWD)].

Results
SARC-F score ≥ 4 points was observed in 18.8% of the study population. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.70. The sensitivity of SARC-F varied from 33.3% to 50.0% depending on the diagnostics criteria used, while the specificity was about 85%. Positive predictive value (PPV) was low (about 30%) for five out of six sets of the diagnostic criteria used (EWGSOP2, IWGS, AWGS, FNIH, and SCWD), while the negative predictive value (NPV) was generally high (>88%). The area under the ROC curves (AUC) was 0.652–0.728. SARC-F had the largest AUC against FNIH criteria (0.728), indicating a moderate diagnostic accuracy. Similar results were found for EWGSOP2 and IWGS criteria. The AUC values were below 0.7 for AWGS, SCWD, and EWGSOP1 criteria.

Conclusion
Based on the results, the Polish version of SARC-F shows excellent reliability and good internal consistency. High specificity and high NPV make SARC-F a useful tool to rule-out sarcopenia with high accuracy in community-dwelling older adults, independently of the diagnostic criteria used.
Decreased diarrheal and respiratory disease in HIV exposed uninfected children following vaccination with rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
Authors: Ajibola Gbolahan , Bennett Kara , Powis Kathleen M. , Hughes Michael D. , Leidner Jean , Kgole Samuel , Batlang Oganne , Mmalane Mompati , Makhema Joseph , Lockman Shahin , Shapiro Roger 
Published: December 2020

Background
Rotavirus vaccine (RV) and pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) decrease diarrheal and respiratory disease incidence and severity, but there are few data about the effects of these vaccines among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children.

Methods
We recorded RV and PCV vaccination history in a placebo-controlled trial that studied the need for cotrimoxazole among HEU infants in Botswana (the Mpepu Study). We categorized infants by enrollment before or after the simultaneous April 2012 introduction of RV and PCV, and compared diagnoses of diarrhea and pneumonia (grade 3/4), hospitalizations, and deaths from both disease conditions through the 12-month study visit by vaccine era/status across two sites (a city and a village) by Kaplan-Meier estimates.

Results
Two thousand six hundred and thirty-five HEU infants were included in this secondary analysis, of these 1689 (64%) were enrolled in Gaborone (344 pre-vaccine, 1345 vaccine) and 946 (36%) in Molepolole (209 pre-vaccine, 737 vaccine). We observed substantial reduction in hazard of hospitalization or death for reason of diarrhea and pneumonia in the vaccine era versus the pre-vaccine era in Molepolole (hazard ratio, HR = 0.44, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.28, 0.71) with smaller reduction in Gaborone (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.57, 1.45). Similar downward trends were observed for diagnoses of diarrhea and pneumonia separately during the vaccine versus pre-vaccine era.

Conclusions
Although temporal confounding cannot be excluded, significant declines in the burden of diarrheal and respiratory illness were observed among HEU children in Botswana following the introduction of RV and PCV. RV and PCV may maximally benefit HEU children in rural areas with higher disease burden.
Whole genome sequencing of Clostridioides difficile PCR ribotype 046 suggests transmission between pigs and humans
Authors: Werner Anders , Mölling Paula , Fagerström Anna , Dyrkell Fredrik , Arnellos Dimitrios , Johansson Karin , Sundqvist Martin , Norén Torbjörn 
Published: December 2020

Background
A zoonotic association has been suggested for several PCR ribotypes (RTs) of Clostridioides difficile. In central parts of Sweden, RT046 was found dominant in neonatal pigs at the same time as a RT046 hospital C. difficile infection (CDI) outbreak occurred in the southern parts of the country.

Objective
To detect possible transmission of RT046 between pig farms and human CDI cases in Sweden and investigate the diversity of RT046 in the pig population using whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Methods
WGS was performed on 47 C. difficile isolates from pigs (n = 22), the farm environment (n = 7) and human cases of CDI (n = 18). Two different core genome multilocus sequencing typing (cgMLST) schemes were used together with a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis and the results were related to time and location of isolation of the isolates.

Results
The pig isolates were closely related (≤6 cgMLST alleles differing in both cgMLST schemes) and conserved over time and were clearly separated from isolates from the human hospital outbreak (≥76 and ≥90 cgMLST alleles differing in the two cgMLST schemes). However, two human isolates were closely related to the pig isolates, suggesting possible transmission. The SNP analysis was not more discriminate than cgMLST.

Conclusion
No general pattern suggesting zoonotic transmission was apparent between pigs and humans, although contrasting results from two isolates still make transmission possible. Our results support the need for high resolution WGS typing when investigating hospital and environmental transmission of C. difficile.
Zona Potensial Penyebaran Jaring Insang Dasar (Bottom Gill Net) di Perairan Kepulauan Sangkarrang
Authors: Ibnu Malkan Hasbi  , Angraeni Husni , Ernawati Ernawati 
Published: December 2020

Peneliitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui zona Potensial alat tangkap battom Gill Net Millenium yang tersebar di perairan kepulauan Sangkarrang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-September 2019 di perairan Kecamatan Kepulauan Sangkarrang dengan lokasi fishing base 5°6’13.2664“LS dan 119°25’59.2453“BT. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengikuti kegiatan penangkapan ikan, observasi dan wawancara dengan responden nelayan. Data koordinat penangkapan dan hasil tangkapan, selain itu, data juga diperoleh dengan mengunduh pada ocean color berupa data suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a yang diolah dengan menggunakan software ArcGis pembuat peta. Adapun hasil penelitian didapatkan empat titik Pertama 5o2’15”-5o2’55”LS dan 119o24’30”-119o25’0”BT, Kedua 5o2’55”-5o3’40”LS dan 119o24’59”-119o25’10”BT Ketiga 5o5’7”-5o5’52”LS dan 119o23’35”-119o24’0” BT dan Ke empat 5o5’7”-5o5’52”LS dan 119o23’35”-119o24’0” BT . Untuk zona potensial penangkapan ikan I dan II di dominasi oleh kapal motor tempel <1 gt sedangkan pada zona potensial III dan IV Kapal motor 3 gt menggunakan Jaring Insang dasar.
Peneliitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui zona Potensial alat tangkap battom Gill Net Millenium yang tersebar di perairan kepulauan Sangkarrang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-September 2019 di perairan Kecamatan Kepulauan Sangkarrang dengan lokasi fishing base 5°6’13.2664“LS dan 119°25’59.2453“BT. Data dikumpulkan dengan mengikuti kegiatan penangkapan ikan, observasi dan wawancara dengan responden nelayan. Data koordinat penangkapan dan hasil tangkapan, selain itu, data juga diperoleh dengan mengunduh pada ocean color berupa data suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a yang diolah dengan menggunakan software ArcGis pembuat peta. Adapun hasil penelitian didapatkan empat titik Pertama 5o2’15”-5o2’55”LS dan 119o24’30”-119o25’0”BT, Kedua 5o2’55”-5o3’40”LS dan 119o24’59”-119o25’10”BT Ketiga 5o5’7”-5o5’52”LS dan 119o23’35”-119o24’0” BT dan Ke empat 5o5’7”-5o5’52”LS dan 119o23’35”-119o24’0” BT . Untuk zona potensial penangkapan ikan I dan II di dominasi oleh kapal motor tempel <1 gt sedangkan pada zona potensial III dan IV Kapal motor 3 gt menggunakan Jaring Insang dasar.
Geoformas crionivales en la meseta Latorre, Patagonia austral extraandina, Argentina
Authors: Ercolano Bettina , Marderwald Guillermina Nury , Coronato Andrea , Tiberi Pedro , Corbella Hugo 
Published: December 2020

Se dan a conocer las geoformas crionivales activas que se presentan entre los 1064 y 700 m s.n.m. en la meseta Latorre, ubicada en el extremo sudoccidental de Argentina. Las geoformas fueron reconocidas inicialmente en el terreno y su distribución espacial cartografiada en forma digital una vez identificados sus patrones texturales. Se calcularon la temperatura media mensual del aire y media anual del aire del sector más alto de la meseta, Punta Gruesa, aplicando el cálculo de Gradiente Térmico Vertical a datos meteorológicos de la cercana estación del paraje El Turbio. Círculos de piedras, guirnaldas, lóbulos y terrazas de solifluxión acompañados por humedales de altura (“mallines”) y vegetación de tundra, dominan este ambiente. Se interpretan como “tors” a los relictos de erosión de la Formación Santa Cruz originados, en parte, por criometeorización. Las observaciones realizadas permiten afirmar que la meseta Latorre se encuentra comprendida en un ambiente periglacial, sin permafrost, resultado de un intenso congelamiento estacional.
Se dan a conocer las geoformas crionivales activas que se presentan entre los 1064 y 700 m s.n.m. en la meseta Latorre, ubicada en el extremo sudoccidental de Argentina. Las geoformas fueron reconocidas inicialmente en el terreno y su distribución espacial cartografiada en forma digital una vez identificados sus patrones texturales. Se calcularon la temperatura media mensual del aire y media anual del aire del sector más alto de la meseta, Punta Gruesa, aplicando el cálculo de Gradiente Térmico Vertical a datos meteorológicos de la cercana estación del paraje El Turbio. Círculos de piedras, guirnaldas, lóbulos y terrazas de solifluxión acompañados por humedales de altura (“mallines”) y vegetación de tundra, dominan este ambiente. Se interpretan como “tors” a los relictos de erosión de la Formación Santa Cruz originados, en parte, por criometeorización. Las observaciones realizadas permiten afirmar que la meseta Latorre se encuentra comprendida en un ambiente periglacial, sin permafrost, resultado de un intenso congelamiento estacional.
Flusser, o designer de futuros: entrevista com Norval Baitello Jr.
Authors: Campos Anderson Gurgel , Da Silva Maurício Ribeiro 
Published: December 2020

Em entrevista, o pesquisador Norval Baitello Junior, faz um amplo relato da importância de filósofo Vilém Flusser para o entendimento do mundo em que vivemos hoje. Ao se comemorar o centenário de nascimento desse pensador visionário e provocador, percebemos o quanto a obra de Flusser mantém-se atual e urgente. Morto em 1991, o pensamento dele consegue iluminar reflexões sobre temas contemporâneos, com o mundo digital no qual estamos inseridos e a proliferação das imagens e seu impacto no comportamento humano. Também podemos encontrar nas teorias do filósofo checo, que viveu décadas no Brasil, pistas para se pensar a condição humana até mesmo em tempos de pandemia, com a que marca o ano de 2020. É ponto central na entrevista, ainda, os trâmites que permitiram ao Brasil ser sede do Arquivo Flusser São Paulo, a iniciativa espelho do original existente na Alemanha e, também, como esse importante espaço vem contribuindo para a evolução das pesquisas sobre a obra de um dos mais geniais pensadores do século XX.
Um apontamento à visão de Vilém Flusser sobre a escrita de roteiros ante a minissérie Hoje é dia de Maria
Authors: Arthur de Faria Luis Roberto 
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho baseia-se em duas obras do filósofo Vilém Flusser, A escrita: há futuro para a escrita? (2010) e O universo das imagens técnicas (2012), para debater a produção de roteiros a partir da perspectiva do filósofo sobre o ato de escrever e a criação de imagens técnicas. O encontro entre essas duas obras permite considerar que os roteiros constituem um gênero textual voltado à programação dos pensamentos e comportamentos dos sujeitos. Como possibilidade de linha de fuga a essa disposição programadora, apresenta-se um trecho de roteiro da minissérie Hoje é dia de Maria (2005), escrita por Luís Alberto de Abreu e Luiz Fernando Carvalho, a partir de original de Carlos Alberto Soffredini . O confronto entre esse trecho de roteiro e o debate entre as obras de Flusser permite afirmar a possibilidade de escrever um texto para a mídia televisiva como um objeto capaz de transcender essa disposição programadora dos sujeitos. Assim, sugere-se que há roteiros que podem reprogramar os sujeitos, configurando estranhamentos que os levem a refletir sobre o que é dito na obra ou ao que assistem.
QUE TRAGÉDIA É ESSA? CONTEXTUALIZANDO TRAGÉDIAS GREGAS NO ENSINO DE TEATRO NA EJA
Authors: Silveira dos Santos Márcio 
Published: December 2020

QUE TRAGÉDIA É ESSA?Contextualizando Tragédias Gregas no Ensino de Teatro na EJARESUMOO presente artigo traz reflexões sobre práticas do ensino de teatro na modalidade EJA - Educação de Jovens e Adultos, tendo como base dramaturgias de Sófocles e as teorias de Augusto Boal, Paulo Freire, Eric Bentley e Martin Esslin. As práticas em sala de aula foram desenvolvidas durante dois trimestres com discentes de uma escola pública do Vale dos Sinos, no Rio Grande do Sul, cuja ênfase se deu na contextualização de tragédias gregas, por meio das atividades de leitura, produção de escrita e encenações teatrais. Palavras-chave: Educação de Jovens e Adultos; Ensino de teatro; Tragédias. WHAT TRAGEDY IS THAT?Contextualizing Greek Tragedies in Theater Teaching at EJAABSTRACT This article brings reflections on theater teaching practices in the EJA - Youth and Adult Education modality, based on Sophocles' dramaturgies and the theories of Augusto Boal, Paulo Freire, Eric Bentley and Martin Esslin. The classroom practices were developed during two quarters with students from a public school in Vale dos Sinos, Rio Grande do Sul, whose emphasis was on the contextualization of Greek tragedies through reading activities, writing production and staging theatrical. Keywords: Youth and Adult Education; Theater teaching; Tragedies.