bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of machine learning methods for paleoclimatic reconstructions from leaf traits
Authors: Wei Gang , Peng Changhui , Zhu Qiuan , Zhou Xiaolu , Yang Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDigital leaf physiognomy (DLP) is considered as one of the most promising methods for estimating past climate. However, current models built using the DLP data set still lack precision, especially for mean annual precipitation (MAP). To improve predictive power, we developed five machine learning (ML) models for mean annual temperature (MAT) and MAP respectively, and then tested the precision of these models and some of their averaging compared with that obtained from other models. The precision of all models was assessed using a repeated stratified 10‐fold cross‐validation. For MAT, three combinations of models (R2 = .77) presented moderate improvements in precision over the multiple linear regression (MLR) model (R2 = .68). For loge(MAP), the averaging of the support vector machine (SVM) and boosting models improved the R2 from .19 to .63 compared with that of the MLR model. For MAP, the R2 of this model combination was 0.49, which was much better than that of the artificial neural network (ANN) model (R2 = .21). Even the bagging model, which had the lowest R2 (.37) for loge(MAP), demonstrated better precision (R2 = .27) for MAP. Our palaeoclimate estimates for nine fossil floras were also more accurate, because they were in better agreement with independent paleoclimate evidence. Our study confirms that our ML models and their averaging can improve paleoclimatic reconstructions, providing a better understanding of the relationship between climate and leaf physiognomy.
Quantile regression to estimate the survivor average causal effect of periodontal treatment effects on birthweight and gestational age
Authors: Merchant Anwar T. , Liu Jihong , Reynolds Mark A. , Beck James D. , Zhang Jiajia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurvival average causal effect (SACE) can give valid estimates of the periodontal treatment effect on birth outcomes in randomized controlled trials when fetal losses are unequal across the treatment arms. A regression‐based method to estimate SACE using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression can be biased if the treatment effect varies across the outcome distribution. In this case quantile regression may be a suitable alternative.MethodsWe compared OLS and quantile regression models estimating SACE to calculate the effect of periodontal treatment on birthweight and gestational age in secondary analyses of publicly available Obstetrics and Periodontal Therapy (OPT) trial data.ResultsPeriodontal treatment tended to increase birthweight and gestational age at the lowest quantiles, remained flat in the middle quantiles, and trended to decrease both birthweight and gestational age in the highest quantiles. In quantile regression models estimating SACE the β‐coefficients: 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles were 277.5: −141.0 to 696.0 g, 1.4: −107 to 110.3 g, and −84: −344 to 175.3 g for birthweight, and 0.6: −1.0 to 2.2 weeks, −0.1: −0.5 to 0.2 weeks, and −0.6: −1.0 to −0.1 weeks for gestational age. Estimates from OLS models estimating SACE were close to the null, β: 95% CI −4.7: 132.3 to 123.0 g for birthweight, and 0.03: −0.72 to 0.78 weeks for gestational age.ConclusionsOLS models to evaluate SACE for periodontal treatment effects on birthweight and gestational age may be biased towards the null. Quantile regression may be a preferable alternative.
Preliminary study on the potential application of Fourier‐transform mid‐infrared for the evaluation of overall quality and authenticity of Moroccan virgin olive oil
Authors: Zaroual Hicham , El Hadrami El Mestafa , Karoui Romdhane 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOlive oil provides a wide range of health‐promoting compounds. The quality of olive oil is an even more complex concept as it is affected by several factors, such as variety, season, stage of maturation, extraction processing, and so on. The main objective of this study was to determine the potential of chemical and mid‐infrared spectroscopy techniques to determine the quality and authenticity of virgin olive oil (VOO). For this, we studied 41 VOOs originating from five regions of Morocco (Fez/Meknes, Eastern, Northern, Beni‐Mellal/Khenifra, and Marrakech/Safi) and produced using different agricultural and technological conditions during two successive crop seasons (2015–2016 and 2016–2017).RESULTSBy applying principal component analysis and factorial discriminant analysis with leave‐one‐out validation to the mid‐infrared spectroscopy, clear discrimination between VOO samples according to their geographic origin and variety was observed, with correct classification rates of 91.87% and 91.87% being observed respectively. The application of partial least‐squares regression to mid‐infrared and chemical data sets allowed excellent prediction of free acidity, peroxide value, k270, and chlorophyll level with R2 of 0.99, 0.97, 0.98, and 0.93 respectively, and good prediction of k232 (R2 = 0.84).CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that mid‐infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric tools could be used as a rapid screening tool for evaluating the overall quality and authenticity of VOO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Subjective functional outcomes in oropharyngeal cancer treated with induction chemotherapy using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI)
Authors: Mott Frank E. , Sacks Ruth , Johnson Faye , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Gallagher Natalie , Varghese Susan , Zaveri Jhankruti 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate the use of induction chemotherapy (IC) in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and its impact on subjective functional outcomes using a validated MD Anderson Symptom Inventory‐Head and Neck (MDASI‐HN) survey tool.MethodsA single institution retrospective review of OPC patients who received IC, including reasons given for using IC, regimens employed, responses, and patient‐reported outcomes (PRO). The latter included pain, distress, dysphagia, xerostomia, and feeding tube placement and dependency. PRO's were assessed using the validated MD Anderson Symptom Inventory‐Head and Neck (MDASI‐HN) conducted at baseline, during treatment, and at six‐month follow up.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐five patients were evaluable. They were more likely to have large primary and/or bulky or low neck nodal disease as a reason for IC. A taxane‐containing regimen was most common. Primary tumor response was seen in 83.2% and the nodal response in 81.6%. Pain and xerostomia improved with IC, dysphagia was not adversely affected with IC. These symptoms all increased with consolidation chemoradiotherapy (CRT) but returned to baseline by 6 months post treatment. Feeding tube placement did not increase with IC but did with CRT, most patients were no longer feeding tube dependent at 6 months.ConclusionThis retrospective review of subjective functional outcomes, especially swallowing and feeding tube dependency, using the MDASI survey tool in 125 oropharyngeal cancer patients with large primary tumors and/or bulky adenopathy treated predominantly with platinum‐taxane based induction chemotherapy showed that such outcomes were not adversely impacted. While not standard, such approach may be beneficial in such patients.Level of Evidence2.
Molecular Dynamics of Synthetic Flagelliform Silk Fiber Assembly
Authors: de C. Bittencourt Daniela M. , Oliveira Paula F. , Souto Betulia M. , de Freitas Sonia M. , Silva Luciano P. , Murad Andre M. , Michalczechen‐Lacerda Valquiria A. , Lewis Randolph V. , Rech Elibio L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to better understand the relationship between flagelliform (Flag) spider silk molecular structural organization and the mechanisms of fiber assembly, the Nephilengys cruentata Flag spidroin analogue rNcFlag2222 is designed and produced. The recombinant proteins are composed by the elastic repetitive glycine‐rich motifs (GPGGX/GGX) and the spacer region, rich in hydrophilic charged amino acids, present at the native silk spidroin. Using different approaches for nanomolecular protein analysis, the structural data of rNcFlag2222 recombinant proteins are compared in their fibrillar and fully solvated states. Based on the results, it is possible to identify the molecular structural dynamics of NcFlag2222 prior to and after fiber formation. Overall rNcFlag2222 shows a mixture of semiflexible and rigid conformations, characterized mostly by the presence of polyproline type II helix (PPII), β‐turn, and β‐sheet. These results agree with previous studies and bring insights about the molecular mechanisms that might drive Flag silk fibers assembly and elastomeric behavior.
Combined use of ipsilateral latissimus dorsi flap and anterolateral thigh flap to reconstruct extensive trunk defects
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Kageyama Daisuke , Arikawa Masaki , Kagaya Yu , Fukunaga Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReconstruction of a full‐thickness trunk defect is challenging because of the complex nature of such defects, which include the chest wall, abdominal wall, and diaphragm. We herein describe three patients in whom extensive trunk defects after sarcoma resection were reconstructed with a latissimus dorsi flap and an anterolateral thigh flap. In two patients, the defect included both the chest wall and the abdominal wall. The other patient had an extensive full‐thickness chest wall defect. The size of the anterolateral thigh flap for each patient was 34 × 10 cm, 26 × 15 cm, and 23 × 5 cm, respectively. Although one patient required take‐back for additional venous drainage, all wounds healed with no other complications. No respiratory dysfunction or abdominal wall hernia occurred in any patients. The combined use of a latissimus dorsi flap and an anterolateral thigh flap may provide reliable coverage of an extensive trunk defect and robust support of the chest and abdominal walls. Additionally, the availability of a two‐team approach without a positional change makes this combination a versatile reconstructive option.
Implementing high‐dimensional propensity score principles to improve confounder adjustment in UK electronic health records
Authors: Tazare John , Smeeth Liam , Evans Stephen J. W. , Williamson Elizabeth , Douglas Ian J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeRecent evidence from US claims data suggests use of high‐dimensional propensity score (hd‐PS) methods improve adjustment for confounding in non‐randomised studies of interventions. However, it is unclear how best to apply hd‐PS principles outside their original setting, given important differences between claims data and electronic health records (EHRs). We aimed to implement the hd‐PS in the setting of United Kingdom (UK) EHRs.MethodsWe studied the interaction between clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Whilst previous observational studies suggested an interaction (with reduced effect of clopidogrel), case‐only, genetic and randomised trial approaches showed no interaction, strongly suggesting the original observational findings were subject to confounding. We derived a cohort of clopidogrel users from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked with the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project. Analyses estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for myocardial infarction (MI) comparing PPI users with non‐users using a Cox model adjusting for confounders. To reflect unique characteristics of UK EHRs, we varied the application of hd‐PS principles including the level of grouping within coding systems and adapting the assessment of code recurrence. Results were compared with traditional analyses.ResultsTwenty‐four thousand four hundred and seventy‐one patients took clopidogrel, of whom 9111 were prescribed a PPI. Traditional PS approaches obtained a HR for the association between PPI use and MI of 1.17 (95% CI: 1.00‐1.35). Applying hd‐PS modifications resulted in estimates closer to the expected null (HR 1.00; 95% CI: 0.78‐1.28).Conclusionshd‐PS provided improved adjustment for confounding compared with other approaches, suggesting hd‐PS can be usefully applied in UK EHRs.
Smart Line Scan Measurement Systems
Authors: Halbach Guido , Oechsner Ulrich 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrent industrial machine vision applications mostly rely on PC‐based image processing. Smart camera systems, which incorporate an image sensor and computing capabilities, were initially restricted to very simple tasks like barcode reading and interpretation. But as the computing capabilities of embedded systems have increased, smart cameras are now able to handle a wide range of applications.
Improving Semiconductor Wafer Inspection
Authors: Valluru Siva Hemanth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn semiconductor manufacturing, yield is a critical parameter that drives operating cost. Improving yield in semiconductor fabs depends on in‐line inspection systems. These systems are often deployed at every process step in semiconductor device manufacturing – from raw wafers to complete packaged ICs. The goal is to capture defects at a very early stage to reduce costly waste.
The Power of Light in Quantum Technology
Authors: Hempler Nils , Malcolm Graeme 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany of the new generation of quantum technologies rely on the precise control of light. Quantum information is carried by photons, and lasers are used to manipulate matter in quantum computers, sensors, cameras, clocks and cryptography. This has become possible through the ability to generate and work with very pure light, with precise frequencies and low phase noise, thanks to advanced laser systems. The field is now being driven in two directions – towards higher power with low noise to enable full‐scale quantum computers, and towards miniature, low cost systems for commercial clocks and sensors.
Thin Films for the Future
Authors: Delmdahl Ralph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFrom having the hardness of diamond to carrying currents several hundred times that of copper, thin films make a difference in today's high‐tech systems and solutions. Pulsed laser deposition as a layer by layer growth technology excels in growing the most complex oxides and even produces epitaxial films with high crystal orientation. Powered by UV excimer lasers, it has long reached 24/7 production maturity and is successfully applied to industrial thin film manufacturing on large substrate wafers, panels and tapes.
Quantum Photonics Industry
Authors: Amairi‐Pyka Sana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEPIC held the Online Technology Meeting on Atomic Clocks and Quantum Sensors on the 3rd of April 2020. The event was moderated by EPIC's director of technology Jose Pozo and EPIC project manager Sana Amairi‐Pyka and broadcast live on YouTube. The speakers represented the entire supply chain, including the European Space Agency ESA as end‐user, system integrators such as BAE Systems, Spectratime Orolia, PLX and Muquans and components manufacturers of photonic integrated circuits such as Ligentec and CSEM as well as lasers and optics manufacturers such as Toptica and Osram.
Anisotropic cellular structures from semi‐crystalline polymer templates
Authors: Kanbargi Nihal , van Erp Marco J. , Lesser Alan J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report an investigation to determine the effect of an anisotropic semi‐crystalline template on the resulting cell morphology of microcellular polymeric foams generated in these materials. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)‐polystyrene (PS) composite foams are prepared by using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) not only as a foaming agent but also as a transport medium of styrene and initiator into a biaxially‐oriented PET templating film. The composite foam so obtained demonstrates a highly interpenetrating network verified by a single Tg of 98°C. Substrate orientation is observed not to dictate the cell formation; however highly anisotropic swelling and a shape‐templating phenomenon is observed, with the most significant dimension change in the thickness of the film. Introducing confinement in the direction of maximum dimension change is found to introduce a highly anisotropic lamellar cell architecture.
General cut method for computing Szeged‐like topological indices with applications to molecular graphs
Authors: Brezovnik Simon , Tratnik Niko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSzeged, PI and Mostar indices are some of the most investigated distance‐based molecular descriptors. Recently, many different variations of these topological indices appeared in the literature and sometimes they are all together called Szeged‐like topological indices. In this paper, we formally introduce the concept of a general Szeged‐like topological index, which includes all mentioned indices and also infinitely many other topological indices that can be defined in a similar way. As the main result of the paper, we provide a cut method for computing a general Szeged‐like topological index for any strength‐weighted graph. This greatly generalizes various methods known for some of the mentioned indices and therefore rounds off such investigations. Moreover, we provide applications of our main result to benzenoid systems, phenylenes, and coronoid systems, which are well‐known families of molecular graphs. In particular, closed‐form formulas for some subfamilies of these graphs are deduced.
Paraneoplastic acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia from lymphoma completely responding to bendamustine‐rituximab
Authors: Crowhurst Thomas , Giri Pratyush , Smith Caroline , Nguyen Phan , Reynolds Paul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare histopathological pattern of lung injury characterized by prominent fibrin deposition in alveolar spaces. It may be idiopathic or associated with medications, connective tissue disease, infection, environmental exposures, transplantation, and malignancy. There is no proven treatment but multiple reports describe response to corticosteroids. We report the case of a 65‐year‐old male never‐smoker with a 15‐month history of dry cough, dyspnoea, anorexia, and night sweats only partially responsive to doxycycline and oral prednisolone. Computed tomography chest demonstrated adenopathy on both sides of the diaphragm and patchy consolidation in a peribronchovascular and subpleural distribution with lower zone predominance. Axillary node biopsy revealed low‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lung biopsy showed AFOP but no lymphoma. Complete pulmonary and neoplastic responses were achieved with bendamustine‐rituximab. We report a compelling instance of paraneoplastic AFOP responding to chemotherapy for lymphoma with very limited use of corticosteroids.
Uncertainties associated with environmental flow metrics
Authors: Goguen Gabriel , Caissie Daniel , El‐Jabi Nassir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe demand for water withdrawal from rivers continues to increase world‐wide, and these water withdrawals can affect fish habitat and aquatic life in general. The study of river hydrology and environmental flows often require the calculation of flow metrics (e.g., mean annual flow, flow duration statistics, low flow frequency analyses, etc.); however, uncertainties in these flow metrics have not been fully studied in the literature. The present study looks at uncertainties related to four flow metrics used in environmental flow studies using bootstrapping techniques for five hydrometric stations (located in the Miramichi River basin, Canada). The objectives of the study are: (a) to calculate and compare different flow metrics, (b) to carry out bootstrap samples in order to assess uncertainties as a function of sample size and (c) to determine which flow metrics are associated with the least uncertainty when calculating environmental flows using hydrological based methods. Results showed that uncertainties rapidly decreased from a 5‐ to a 15‐year sample size for each flow metric. The uncertainties from a 15‐ to a 50‐year sample size decreased, but not as rapidly as from a 5‐ to a 15‐year sample. The mean annual flow metric showed the least variability. For monthly flow metrics, sample sizes of 25–30 years were needed to obtain similar coefficients of variation as the 5‐year sample size of the mean annual flow. Drainage area did not impact the mean annual flow metric; however, uncertainty was observed to vary more significantly for smaller rivers on a monthly basis.
Incorporation of Active Metal Species in Crystalline Porous Materials for Highly Efficient Synergetic Catalysis
Authors: Cui Wen‐Gang , Hu Tong‐Liang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe design and development of efficient catalytic materials with synergistic catalytic sites always has long been known to be a thrilling and very dynamic research field. Crystalline porous materials (CPMs) mainly including metal–organic frameworks and zeolites with high scientific and industrial impact have recently been the subject of extensive research due to their essential role in modern chemical industrial processes. The rational incorporation of guest species in CPMs can synergize the respective strengths of these components and allow them to collaborate with each other for synergistic catalysis, leading to enhanced catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability in a broad range of catalytic processes. In this review, the recent advances in the development of CPMs‐confined active metal species, including metal nanoparticles, metal/metal oxides heteroparticles, metal oxide, subnanometric metal clusters, and polyoxometalates, for heterogeneous catalysis, with a particular focus on synergistic effects between active components that result in an enhanced performance are highlighted. Insights into catalysts design strategies, host–guest interactions, and structure–property relationships have been illustrated in detail. Finally, the existing challenges and possible development directions in CPMs‐based encapsulation‐structured synergistic catalysts are discussed.