bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mitogenome of freshwater loach Homatula laxiclathra (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) with phylogenetic analysis of Nemacheilidae
Authors: Cao Mengfei , Tang Ling , Chen Juan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Easy Russell H. , You Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe complete mitogenome can provide valuable genetic information to reconstruct relationships between species. In this study, we sequenced a stone loach, Homatula laxiclathra (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), which is found in the northern region of the Qinling Mountains in China. The size of the H. laxiclathra mitogenome is 16,570 bp, which contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes including 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and a control region (D‐loop) with a total AT content of 55.8%. This is similar to other Nemacheilidae sequences published in GenBank. Furthermore, a mito‐phylogenomic analysis of 46 Nemacheilidae species places H. laxiclathra in a robust monophyletic Homatula cluster with other Homatula species. Our results contribute toward a better understanding of a true phylogeny of these species based on large‐scale taxonomic samplings as well as to help grasp the evolution of fish mitogenomes.
Effects of genetic origin on phenotypic divergence in Brook Trout populations stocked with domestic fish
Authors: Gossieaux Philippine , Lavoie Émilie , Sirois Pascal , Thibault Isabel , Bernatchez Louis , Garant Dany 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhenotypic changes due to human activities are occurring at a far greater speed than those originating from natural causes in animal populations. For instance, phenotypic divergence among individuals may arise in populations supplemented with farm‐reared fish that are known to display different phenotypes from those of wild individuals because of domestication. Little is known about how these phenotypic differences are maintained when domestic and wild individuals face the same environment and hybridize, as it is the case after supplementation. In this study, we assessed the effect of genetic origin of individuals on phenotypic trait divergence (morphology, growth, and size‐at‐age) in stocked populations of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). We also evaluated whether genetic origin influences habitat use by documenting trophic niche and/or level using stable isotope analyses. We found significant effects of genetic origin on phenotypic variables with domestic fish generally being more fusiform and larger than wild and hybrid individuals. Lake identity also explained most of the variation in phenotypic variables, meaning that population‐specific attributes were important drivers of morphology and size. Our results also showed that domestic fish were feeding in more littoral niches and at a higher trophic level than wild and hybrid individuals, suggesting that differences in feeding habits could partially explain phenotypic differences. These results highlight the importance of accounting for the genetic composition of populations when assessing the causes of phenotypic divergence in the wild.
Ecological speciation in European whitefish is driven by a large-gaped predator
Authors: Öhlund Gunnar , Bodin Mats , Nilsson Karin A. , Öhlund Sven-Ola , Mobley Kenyon B. , Hudson Alan G. , Peedu Mikael , Brännström Åke , Bartels Pia , Præbel Kim , Hein Catherine L. , Johansson Petter , Englund Göran 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLake-dwelling fish that form species pairs/flocks characterized by body size divergence are important model systems for speciation research. Although several sources of divergent selection have been identified in these systems, their importance for driving the speciation process remains elusive. A major problem is that in retrospect, we cannot distinguish selection pressures that initiated divergence from those acting later in the process. To address this issue, we studied the initial stages of speciation in European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) using data from 358 populations of varying age (26–10,000 years). We find that whitefish speciation is driven by a large-growing predator, the northern pike (Esox lucius). Pike initiates divergence by causing a largely plastic differentiation into benthic giants and pelagic dwarfs: ecotypes that will subsequently develop partial reproductive isolation and heritable differences in gill raker number. Using an eco-evolutionary model, we demonstrate how pike's habitat specificity and large gape size are critical for imposing a between-habitat trade-off, causing prey to mature in a safer place or at a safer size. Thereby, we propose a novel mechanism for how predators may cause dwarf/giant speciation in lake-dwelling fish species.
Influence of multisource fire on temperature distribution and natural smoke exhaust effect in urban tunnels with a shaft
Authors: Zhou Yang , Chen Fei , Chen Jian , Jiang Binhui 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe combustion characteristics of multisource fire and single‐source fire are quite different, and there is little research on the influence of multisource fire on the natural smoke extraction effect of shaft in urban tunnels. Therefore, in this article, the method of numerical simulation was used to study the influence of fire power and distance between two fire sources on the natural smoke extraction effect of shaft and the temperature distribution in tunnel in the case of multisource fire. Typical characteristics of smoke are analyzed, such as mass flow rate, temperature distribution, velocity vector, and CO concentration. The simulation results show that when there is a certain distance between the fire sources, the two flames are inclined and close to each other. The smoke temperature under the ceiling is higher under multiple fire sources than that under single fire source. In addition, when one of the fire sources is located at the downstream of the shaft, the smoke emission in the shaft is relatively high. As the distance between fire sources continues to increase, the smoke exhaust rate basically remains stable, and an empirical relationship between smoke exhaust rate and fire source location is established.
Evaluation of bioactivity of butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata D.) seeds and skin
Authors: Li Haoxin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractButternut squash is greatly consumed in United Kingdom and as by‐products of its processing are produced large amounts of skin and seeds. However, little research has been reported on the antioxidant properties and bioactive peptides from butternut squash seeds and skin. This study focused on assessing the potential of these wastes as sources of beneficial and bioactive compounds. The results indicated that the squash skin phenolic extract showed higher values of antioxidant activity and phenolic content compared with the values of phenolic for the seed material (3.20 mg GAE/g, 1.82 mg GAE/g, respectively). Furthermore, both squash seed protein hydrolysate and skin phenolic extract inhibited α‐amylase activity in a dose‐dependent manner (5–20 mg/ml). Hydrolyzed peptides from squash seeds possess antihypertensive ability (which was significantly different from the control group p < .05). Therefore, it can be demonstrated that these squash residues are potentially good sources of bioactive compounds with health benefits.
Does adequate physical activity attenuate the associations of alcohol and alcohol‐related cancer mortality? A pooled study of 54 686 British adults
Authors: Feng Yingyu , Powell Lauren , Vassallo Amy Jo , Hamer Mark , Stamatakis Emmanuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe potential of physical activity (PA) to attenuate the effects of alcohol consumption on the risks of alcohol‐related cancer mortality is unknown. We used data from participants aged 30 years and over in 10 British population‐based surveys (Health Surveys for England 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2008 and the Scottish Health Surveys 1998 and 2003). Alcohol‐related cancer mortality included oral cavity, throat, larynx, oesophagus, liver, colorectal, stomach and female breast (conservative definition), and additionally pancreas and lung (broad definition). Alcohol consumption was categorised into six groups based on the UK units/week: (a) never‐drinkers, (b) ex‐drinkers, (c) occasional drinkers, (d) within guidelines (<14 UK units/week [women]; <21 UK units/week [men]), (e) hazardous (14‐35 [women]; 21‐49 [men]) and (f) harmful (>35 [women]; >49 [men]). PA was categorised using two dichotomous classifications based on the lower (7.5 Metabolic Equivalent Task [MET]‐hours/week) and upper (15 MET‐hours/week) recommended limits. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we found a strong direct association between alcohol consumption and mortality risk of alcohol‐related cancers, with a significantly higher risk among ex‐drinkers (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.09, 1.94]), drinkers who consumed hazardous (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = [1.06, 1.83]) and harmful amounts of alcohol (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = [1.13, 2.30]) compared to never‐drinkers in the fully adjusted model. The increased mortality risks were substantially attenuated when participants in these drinking groups exercised >7.5 MET‐hours/week. PA could be promoted as an adjunct risk minimisation measure for alcohol‐related cancer prevention.
COVID‐19, Globalization, De‐globalization and the Slime Mold's Lessons For Us All
Authors: Pross Addy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe world is struggling with the COVID‐19 pandemic on a backdrop of conflicting globalization and de‐globalization forces. A study of biology reveals that nature has been contending with such general issues for billions of years and has come up with broad strategies for their resolution. Copy and paste!
Intuitionistic fuzzy approach for enhancement of low contrast mammogram images
Authors: Chaira Tamalika 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMammogram image enhancement is very much necessary in diagnosing breast cancer or tumor at an early stage. Nonuniform illumination and low contrast images are commonly encountered in mammogram images. Conventional enhancement algorithms produce either some artifacts or cannot highlight minute details present in the images, particularly when dealing with mammogram images. In this article, we propose a new mammogram image enhancement scheme using Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) theory. IFS considers two uncertainties—membership and nonmembership degree apart from membership degree as in fuzzy set theory. As mammogram images are low contrast images and many of the image definitions are vague/unclear, so IFS theory may be suitable for better image enhancement. Initially, the image is transformed to an intuitionistic fuzzy image using a novel intuitionistic fuzzy generator. Hesitation degree is computed and using the hesitation degree, two membership levels are computed to form an interval type 2 fuzzy set. These two membership functions are then combined using Zadeh's fuzzy t‐conorm to form a new membership function. Threshold of interval type 2 fuzzy image is obtained using restricted equivalence function. Using the threshold, modified fuzzy hyperbolization is carried out. Real data experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has better performance on contrast and visual quality of the images both quantitatively and qualitatively when compared with different existing methods.
Temporal modulation of optical energy for enhanced photothermal hemostasis of intraoperative bleeding during laser treatment
Authors: Park Suhyun , Kang Hyun Wook 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntraoperative bleeding during laser treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) often impedes cystoscopic vision, necessitating the use of conventional hemostatic devices. This study proposes an optical technique to improve the efficacy of photothermal hemostasis of bleeders during laser prostatectomy by temporally modulating a 532 nm laser beam. A perfused porcine kidney model is established to quantitatively investigate various optical pulse patterns and irradiation modes. Thermal simulations demonstrate a high success rate of complete hemostasis achieved by the modulated 532 nm pulse pattern. In comparison to the irradiation modes typically employed for hemostasis, the modulated 532 nm mode exhibits a short coagulation time and minimal thermal injury. ex vivo and in vivo cystoscopic observations validate the clinical feasibility of the proposed optical energy modulation method to regulate intraoperative bleeding.
Translation of an esophagus histopathological FT‐IR imaging model to a fast quantum cascade laser modality
Authors: Liberda Danuta , Hermes Michael , Koziol Paulina , Stone Nick , Wrobel Tomasz P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe technical progress in fast quantum cascade laser (QCL) microscopy offers a platform where chemical imaging becomes feasible for clinical diagnostics. QCL systems allow the integration of previously developed FT‐IR‐based pathology recognition models in a faster workflow. The translation of such models requires a systematic approach, focusing only on the spectral frequencies that carry crucial information for discrimination of pathologic features. In this study, we optimize an FT‐IR‐based histopathological method for esophageal cancer detection to work with a QCL system. We explore whether the classifier's performance is affected by paraffin presence from tissue blocks compared to removing it chemically. Working with paraffin‐embedded samples reduces preprocessing time in the lab and allows samples to be archived after analysis. Moreover, we test, whether the creation of a QCL model requires a preestablished FTIR model or can be optimized using solely QCL measurements.
Osteoporosis Management in the Era of COVID-19
Authors: Yu Elaine W , Tsourdi Elena , Clarke Bart L , Bauer Douglas C , Drake Matthew T 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a chronic condition that reflects reduced bone strength and an associated increased risk for fracture. As a chronic condition, osteoporosis generally requires sustained medical intervention(s) to limit the risks for additional bone loss, compromise of skeletal integrity, and fracture occurrence. Further complicating this issue is the fact that the abrupt cessation of some therapies can be associated with an increased risk for harm. It is in this context that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented disruption to the provision of health care globally, including near universal requirements for social distancing. In this Perspective, we provide evidence, where available, regarding the general care of patients with osteoporosis in the COVID-19 era and provide clinical recommendations based primarily on expert opinion when data are absent. Particular emphasis is placed on the transition from parenteral osteoporosis therapies. It is hoped that these recommendations can be used to safely guide care for patients with osteoporosis until a return to routine clinical care standards is available. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Efficient computation of free energy surfaces of chemical reactions using ab initio molecular dynamics with hybrid functionals and plane waves
Authors: Mandal Sagarmoy , Nair Nisanth N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAb initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations employing density functional theory (DFT) and plane waves are routinely carried out using density functionals at the level of generalized gradient approximation (GGA). AIMD simulations employing hybrid density functionals are of great interest as it offers a more accurate description of structural and dynamic properties than the GGA functionals. However, the computational cost for carrying out calculations using hybrid functionals and plane wave basis set is at least two orders of magnitude higher than that using GGA functionals. Recently, we proposed a strategy that combined the adaptively compressed exchange operator formulation and the multiple time step integration scheme to reduce the computational cost by an order of magnitude [J. Chem. Phys. 151, 151102 (2019)]. In this work, we demonstrate the application of this method to study chemical reactions, in particular, formamide hydrolysis in an alkaline aqueous medium. By actuating our implementation with the well‐sliced metadynamics scheme, we can compute the two‐dimensional free energy surface of this reaction at the level of hybrid‐DFT. This work also investigates the accuracy of the PBE0 (hybrid) and the PBE (GGA) functionals in predicting the free energetics of this chemical reaction.
Nutrient starvation and light deprivation effects on starch accumulation in Landoltia punctata cultivated on anaerobically digested dairy manure
Authors: Kruger Kevin , Chen Lide , He B. Brian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuckweed has been recognized for its potential of producing biomass on nutrients from waste streams. Our research has shown that strains of duckweed can be successfully cultivated on anaerobically digested (AD) dairy manure under controlled levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The objective of this study was to explore the maximization of starch accumulation in Landoltia punctata (Mey.) Les & Crawford strain 0128 under different cultivation conditions using AD dairy manure as the nutrient source. Experimental results have shown that the most influential factors for starch accumulation in L. punctata were the nutrient concentration and the appropriate scheduling of nutrient starvation at the right growth stages. In our study, nutrient starvation for starch accumulation in L. punctata was achieved by incorporating nutrient addition of appropriately diluted AD dairy manure sequentially in a controlled manner under a constant light intensity of 3,000 lx. It was observed that a starch concentration of 30% (w/w) within the L. punctata biomass was achieved with an initial total N of 57.1 mg L−1 and a total P of 6.7 mg L−1 after a 30‐d cultivation. Under the abovementioned cultivation conditions, the duckweed L. punctata recovered 16.3% (±4.0%) of total N and 25.9% (±6.6%) of total P from AD manure into its biomass. It is concluded that L. punctata can be successfully cultivated on nutrients from dairy manure for starch production, which would achieve well‐being for dairy farmers by producing a feedstock for biofuels while treating dairy wastewater in an environmentally friendly manner.
Evaluation of 11 years of newborn screening for maple syrup urine disease in the Netherlands and a systematic review of the literature: Strategies for optimization
Authors: Stroek Kevin , Boelen Anita , Bouva Marelle J. , De Sain‐van der Velden Monique , Schielen Peter C. J. I. , Maase Rose , Engel Henk , Jakobs Bernadette , Kluijtmans Leo A. J. , Mulder Margot F. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. E. , van Spronsen Francjan J. , Visser Gepke , de Vries Maaike C. , Williams Monique , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Kemper Evelien A. , Bosch Annet M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaple syrup urine disease (MSUD) leads to severe neurological deterioration unless diagnosed early and treated immediately. We have evaluated the effectiveness of 11 years of MSUD newborn screening (NBS) in the Netherlands (screening >72 hours, referral if both total leucine (Xle) and valine ≥400 μmol/L blood) and have explored possibilities for improvement by combining our data with a systematic literature review and data from Collaborative Laboratory Integrated Reports (CLIR). Dutch MSUD NBS characteristics and accuracy were determined. The hypothetical referral numbers in the Dutch population of additional screening markers suggested by CLIR were calculated. In a systematic review, articles reporting NBS leucine concentrations of confirmed patients were included. Our data showed that NBS of 1 963 465 newborns identified 4 MSUD patients and led to 118 false‐positive referrals (PPV 3.28%; incidence 1:491 000 newborns). In literature, leucine is the preferred NBS parameter. Total leucine (Xle) concentrations (mass‐spectrometry) of 53 detected and 8 false‐negative patients (sampling age within 25 hours in 3 patients) reported in literature ranged from 288 to 3376 (median 900) and 42 to 325 (median 209) μmol/L blood respectively. CLIR showed increasing Xle concentrations with sampling age and early NBS sampling and milder variant MSUD phenotypes with (nearly) normal biochemical profiles are causes of false‐negative NBS results. We evaluated the effect of additional screening markers and established the Xle/phenylalanine ratio as a promising additional marker ratio for increasing the PPV, while maintaining high sensitivity in the Dutch MSUD NBS.
Characterizing phosphorus availability in waste products by chemical extractions and plant uptake
Authors: Christiansen Nina Høj , Sørensen Peter , Labouriau Rodrigo , Christensen Bent T. , Rubæk Gitte Holton 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground:The fertilizer value of phosphorus (P) in waste products relies heavily on its availability to the subsequent crop.Aim:We studied the link between extractable P in waste products and apparent P recovery (APR,i.e., difference in plant P uptake between P amended and un‐amended soils divided by the amount of P added) using spring barley grown on three sandy soils.Methods:The products included sewage sludge, biomass ash, struvite, compost, meat and bone meal, biochar from sewage sludge, and industrial sludge. Soft rock phosphate and triple‐superphosphate (TSP) were included for comparison. Availability of P was characterized by extraction with water and solutions of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonium acetate, ammonium fluoride and anion exchange resin membranes. TSP was used to establish mineral‐fertilizer‐equivalents (MFE). Water and bicarbonate extractions were also applied to products incubated with soil before extraction.Results:The APR ranged 26 to 31% for TSP and 0 to 30% for waste products. APR correlated most strongly with bicarbonate extractable P. The correlation increased when products were incubated with soil before extraction.Conclusions:We conclude that bicarbonate extraction is a good indicator of potential P availability. However, interactions between waste products and soil properties modify P availability.
Quantum chemical study of the reaction of trichloroethylene with O(3P)
Authors: Messaoudi Boulanouar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe adiabatic mechanism of the reaction of trichloroethylene with O(3P), exploring the various O‐atom addition and H‐atom abstraction channels, is theoretically studied at the MP2/6‐311++G(2d, 2p), MP2/aug‐cc‐pVTZ, CCSD/6‐31G(d), G3, and CBS‐QB3 levels of theory. From a kinetic point of view, the addition to the less substituted carbon atom of the double bond is more favorable than the addition to the more substituted carbon. Such O‐atom addition reactions are favored over the one possible hydrogen‐abstraction reaction. Calculations of the present study showed that five products are obtained: HCCl + C(O)Cl2 (P1), Cl + ClC(O)CHCl (P2), H + ClC(O)CCl2 (P3), Cl + HC(O)CCl2 (P4), and CH(O)Cl + CCl2 (P5). The products P2 and P4 are found to be the most favored ones. The kinetic calculations of rate constant in the range of 285–395 K are performed at the CBS‐QB3 level of theory and are in conformity with the experimental outcomes.