bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionian tribes
Authors: Jones Nicholas F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract“Tribes” is the conventional but misleading rendering of Greek phylai (singular,phylê), the principal units segmenting the populations and/or territories of many, perhaps originally all, Greek city‐states. Just as in the case of the three ancestralphylaiof the Dorians, Ionians inherited a set of fourphylai, with an attested distribution at Athens and, to the east, on the Ionian islands and along the Ionian seaboard.
Koroneia (Coronea)
Authors: Keim Benjamin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Koroneia, a
polis
in western Boiotia, was the site of two Classical battles (447/6
bce
and 394
bce
) as well as a sanctuary of Athena Itonia, site of the Pamboiotian festival and meeting‐place of the Boiotian League.
Seleukos II Kallinikos (Seleucus II Callinicus)
Authors: Heller André 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeleukos II Kallinikos ruled the Seleucid Empire from 246 to 225. During his reign, the realm experienced hard times. In the Third Syrian War, Ptolemy III campaigned as far as Babylon and proclaimed the conquest of the whole empire. After the peace agreement with Ptolemy, Seleukos’ brother Antiochos Hierax proclaimed himself king in Asia Minor. As a consequence of this dynastic strife, the Eastern satrapies gained local autonomy.
Evagrius of Pontus
Authors: Simelidis Christos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEvagrius (ca. 345–399ce), a monastic writer and calligrapher, was born in Pontus. He accompanied Gregory of Nazianzus to Constantinople and became a preacher there under Gregory and his successor, Nektarios. After a short stay in Palestine, where he met Melania the Elder, he spent the rest of his life (from ca. 383) in the Nitrian desert, where he associated with Makarios of Egypt.
Trasimene, battle of
Authors: Hoyos Dexter 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

In June 217
bce,
Hannibal ambushed the Roman army of the consul Gaius Flaminius as it advanced along the northern shore of Lake Trasimene in Etruria (Tuscany). The army was annihilated; the dead included Flaminius. Hannibal was now free to carry forward his invasion of Italy.
Pytheas of Massalia
Authors: Kaplan Philip G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Pytheas (ca. 350–320
bce
) was a geographer, astronomer, and explorer from the Greek city of Massalia. None of his works survive, but he is credited by later writers with making observations on latitudes and solstices, and speculating on the cause of tides. He also gave an account of a journey to the seas north of Europe, and was the first Greek to explore the British Isles. He claimed to have found an island called Thule, possibly Iceland or the coast of Norway. He may have also traveled eastward as far as the Baltic Sea. Some later geographers were skeptical of his discoveries, although modern scholarship has generally accepted them as genuine.
Influence of Fiber Stiffness on Meniscal Cell Migration into Dense Fibrous Networks
Authors: Song Kwang Hoon , Heo Su‐Jin , Peredo Ana P. , Davidson Matthew D. , Mauck Robert L. , Burdick Jason A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFibrous scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning are being explored to repair injuries within dense connective tissues. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the appropriate scaffold properties that best support tissue repair. In this study, the influence of the stiffness of electrospun fibers on cell invasion into fibrous scaffolds is investigated. Specifically, soft and stiff electrospun fibrous networks are fabricated from crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA), where the stiffness is altered via the extent of MeHA crosslinking. Meniscal fibrochondrocyte (MFC) adhesion and migration into fibrous networks are investigated, where the softer MeHA fibrous networks are easily deformed and densified through cellular tractions and the stiffer MeHA fibrous networks support ≈50% greater MFC invasion over weeks when placed adjacent to meniscal tissue. When the scaffolds are sandwiched between meniscal tissues and implanted subcutaneously, the stiffer MeHA fibrous networks again support enhanced cellular invasion and greater collagen deposition after 4 weeks when compared to the softer MeHA fibrous networks. These results indicate that the mechanics and deformability of fibrous networks likely alter cellular interactions and invasion, providing an important design parameter toward the engineering of scaffolds for tissue repair.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Agrin after Intrathecal Injection and Its Protective Role in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Li Shiyong , Wang Ye , Jiang Dawei , Ni Dalong , Kutyreff Christopher J. , Barnhart Todd E. , Engle Jonathan W. , Cai Weibo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntrathecal injection, drugs transporting along perivascular spaces, represents an important route for maintaining blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, after being directly injected into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of therapeutic protein drugs have remained unknown. Here, with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, the uptake of 89Zr‐agrin is noninvasively and dynamically monitored. These data demonstrate the time–activity curve of drugs in the brain subregions and their spatial distribution in different organs after intrathecal administration. Furthermore, agrin treatment effectively inhibits BBB disruption by reducing the loss of tight‐junctional proteins. Importantly, the infarct volume is reduced; the number of apoptotic neurons is decreased; and neurological function is improved in mouse I/R injury models. Thus, intrathecal injection of agrin provides the basis for a new strategy to research and develop protein drugs for reducing the aggravation of I/R injury.
Deepening of response after completing rituximab‐containing therapy in patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Gustine Joshua N. , Keezer Andrew , Meid Kirsten , Flynn Catherine A. , Dubeau Toni E. , Chan Gloria , Chen Jiaji , Demos Maria G. , Guerrera Maria L. , Jimenez Cristina , Kofides Amanda , Liu Xia , Munshi Manit , Tsakmaklis Nicholas , Patterson Christopher J. , Xu Lian , Yang Guang , Hunter Zachary R. , Treon Steven P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRituximab‐containing regimens are commonly used for frontline therapy in patients with symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). We had observed that a portion of WM patients experienced deepening of response months to years after therapy completion. We carried a retrospective study aimed at describing this phenomenon. We gathered baseline data, and responses at end of induction, end of maintenance and best response. Deepening of response was defined as ≥25% decrease in serum IgM achieved at a later time from therapy completion. Of 178 patients included, 116 (65%) received maintenance therapy and 62 (35%) were observed. In patients who received maintenance, 44 (38%) had ≥25% decrease in serum IgM level after the end of maintenance with a median time from end of maintenance to lowest IgM level of 1.6 years (range 0.1‐7.9 years). In patients who were observed, 19 (31%) had ≥25% decrease in serum IgM level after the end of induction with a median time from end of induction to lowest IgM level of 1.6 years (range 0.2‐5.1 years). Baseline hemoglobin <11.5 g/dL, bone marrow involvement ≥50%, CXCR4 mutations and serum IgM ≥4000 mg/dL were associated with lower odds of deepening of response after therapy completion. Deepening of response was associated with better progression‐free survival (PFS; HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26‐0.80; P = .006) and better survival after frontline treatment initiation (SAFTI; HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06‐0.73; P = .01). In conclusion, deepening of response occurs in one third of WM patients after completing rituximab‐containing regimens and was associated with better PFS and SAFTI.
Does nutrition have an effect on the timing of tooth formation?
Authors: Esan Temitope A. , Schepartz Lynne A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of nutritional status on the timing of permanent tooth formation is not well understood, despite clear evidence that systemic stresses result in enamel defects during tooth formation.AimThis study investigated the effect of nutritional status (measured as BMI, height, weight, mid‐upper arm circumference, and head circumference) on permanent tooth formation.MethodThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study involving 642 (270 males, 372 females) healthy Black South African participants aged 5–20 years. The height and BMI were converted to z‐scores using WHO z‐score for age tables. The participants were grouped into underweight/short for age (<−2), normal (≥ − 2 to 2.0) and overweight/obese/tall for age (>2). Panoramic radiographs of the children were assessed using Demirjian's eight stages of permanent tooth formation and age was estimated using Demirjian's method. Probit regression analysis was used to calculate the mean age of attainment of the developmental stages for the left mandibular teeth (I2–M2).ResultsThere was significant advancement in the age of attainment of the final (H) stage for the majority of permanent teeth in the overweight (mean male BMI 22.9; female 27.94) group compared to the underweight (p < .05). Negative binomial regression indicated that age, height, and BMI were significant predictors of the dental maturity score for males (p < .05), while age, height, weight, BMI and HC were significant predictors for females (p < .05).ConclusionNutritional status had a significant effect on the timing of tooth formation in males and females in the study population. The effect was mainly noticeable for children in the extremes of the spectrum of BMI z‐scores.
Fortschritte in der optischen Einzelmoleküldetektion: Auf dem Weg zu höchstempfindlichen Bioaffinitätsassays
Authors: Farka Zdeněk , Mickert Matthias J. , Pastucha Matěj , Mikušová Zuzana , Skládal Petr , Gorris Hans H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDie Messung niedrigster Konzentrationen von Analyten und insbesondere von Biomarkern ist von grundlegender Bedeutung, z. B. für die Früherkennung von Krankheiten. Die Aussicht, einzelne Analytmoleküle nachzuweisen und somit die ultimative Nachweisgrenze zu erreichen, treibt die Entwicklung von Einzelmolekül‐Bioaffinitätstests voran. Zwar haben bereits viele Übersichtsartikel mögliche analytische und diagnostische Anwendungen von Einzelmolekültechniken hervorgehoben, diese Techniken bleiben jedoch bisher in Bezug auf Praxistauglichkeit hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Dieser Aufsatz erläutert den theoretischen Hintergrund zu Einzelmolekül‐ oder besser digitalen Assays, um deren Potenzial im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen analogen Assays kritisch zu bewerten, und beschreibt ausgewählte Bioaffinitätstests zum Nachweis von Biomolekülen wie Proteine, Nukleinsäuren und Viren. Die Gliederung des Aufsatzes reflektiert die Vielseitigkeit optischer Einzelmolekül‐Markierungstechniken, einschließlich enzymatischer Verstärkung, molekularer Markierungen und innovativer Nanomaterialien.
Design von komplexen Mischkristall‐Elektrokatalysatoren auf Basis der Korrelation von Konfiguration, Verteilungsmustern der Adsorptionsenergie und Aktivitätskurven
Authors: Löffler Tobias , Savan Alan , Meyer Hajo , Meischein Michael , Strotkötter Valerie , Ludwig Alfred , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKomplexe Mischkristallelektrokatalysatoren (häufig auch als Hochentropielegierungen bezeichnet) gewinnen aufgrund ihrer vielversprechenden Eigenschaften zunehmend an Interesse. Mit der Fähigkeit, komplexe einphasige Mischkristalle aus fünf oder mehr Komponenten zu bilden, bieten sie einzigartige Möglichkeiten zur Feinabstimmung der Adsorptionsenergie. Allerdings ist die elementare Komplexität innerhalb der Kristallstruktur und ihr Einfluss auf die elektrokatalytischen Eigenschaften bisher kaum verstanden. Wir diskutieren, wie das Hinzufügen oder der Austausch von Elementen das Verteilungsmuster der Adsorptionsenergie beeinflusst und wie dies die Form und Aktivität der katalytischen Reaktionskurven beeinflusst. Die Auswirkungen dieser konzeptionellen Erkenntnisse auf ein verbessertes Screening neuer Katalysatorkonfigurationen wird anhand der Entdeckung und experimentellen Bewertung mehrerer hochaktiver komplexer Mischkristallelektrokatalysatoren für die Sauerstoffreduktion in alkalischen Medien diskutiert.
Fragment Coupling Reactions in Total Synthesis That Form Carbon–Carbon Bonds via Carbanionic or Free Radical Intermediates
Authors: Tomanik Martin , Hsu Ian Tingyung , Herzon Seth B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFragment coupling reactions that form carbon–carbon bonds are valuable transformations in synthetic design. Advances in metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions in the early 2000s brought a high level of predictability and reliability to carbon–carbon bond constructions involving the union of unsaturated fragments. By comparison, recent years have witnessed an increase in fragment couplings proceeding via carbanionic and open‐shell (free radical) intermediates. The latter has been driven by advances in methods to generate and utilize carbon‐centered radicals under mild conditions. In this Review, we survey a selection of recent syntheses that have implemented carbanion‐ or radical‐based fragment couplings to form carbon–carbon bonds. We aim to highlight the strategic value of these disconnections in their respective settings and to identify extensible lessons from each example that might be instructive to students.
Design of Complex Solid‐Solution Electrocatalysts by Correlating Configuration, Adsorption Energy Distribution Patterns, and Activity Curves
Authors: Löffler Tobias , Savan Alan , Meyer Hajo , Meischein Michael , Strotkötter Valerie , Ludwig Alfred , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractComplex solid‐solution electrocatalysts (also referred to as high‐entropy alloy) are gaining increasing interest owing to their promising properties which were only recently discovered. With the capability of forming complex single‐phase solid solutions from five or more constituents, they offer unique capabilities of fine‐tuning adsorption energies. However, the elemental complexity within the crystal structure and its effect on electrocatalytic properties is poorly understood. We discuss how addition or replacement of elements affect the adsorption energy distribution pattern and how this impacts the shape and activity of catalytic response curves. We highlight the implications of these conceptual findings on improved screening of new catalyst configurations and illustrate this strategy based on the discovery and experimental evaluation of several highly active complex solid solution nanoparticle catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media.
Effects of terpinen‐4‐ol fumigation on protein levels of detoxification enzymes in Tribolium confusum
Authors: Liao Min , Shi Su , Wu Hailong , Yang Qianqian , Zhu Zeng , Xiao Jinjing , Huang Yong , Cao Haiqun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTerpinen‐4‐ol has high fumigating activity to stored‐grain pests including Tribolium confusum. To understand the detoxification of terpinen‐4‐ol in insects, proteomic analysis was performed to identify related proteins and pathways in response to terpinen‐4‐ol fumigation in T. confusum. By using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‐based strategy, 4,618 proteins were obtained from T. confusum adults in the present study. Comparative proteomic analysis showed that 148 proteins were upregulated and 137 proteins were downregulated in beetles under the LC50 of terpinen‐4‐ol treatment for 24 hr. According to functional classifications, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were enriched in xenobiotic metabolism pathways. In the detoxification pathway, the levels of 25 cytochrome P450s, 5 glutathione S‐transferases, and 2 uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐glucuronosyltransferases were changed, most of which were upregulated in T. confusum exposed to terpinen‐4‐ol. The results indicated that terpinen‐4‐ol was potentially metabolized and detoxified by enzymes like P450s in T. confusum.
Identification of novel selective Mtb‐DHFR inhibitors as antitubercular agents through structure‐based computational techniques
Authors: Sharma Kalicharan , Neshat Nazia , Sharma Shweta , Giri Namita , Srivastava Apeksha , Almalki Faisal , Saifullah Khalid , Alam Md. Mumtaz , Shaquiquzzaman Mohammad , Akhter Mymoona 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInhibition of dihydrofolate reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐dihydrofolate reductase (Mtb‐DHFR) has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of tuberculosis. To identify novel Mtb‐DHFR inhibitors, structure‐based virtual screening (SBVS) of the Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MolMall) database was performed using Glide against the Mtb‐DHFR and h‐DHFR enzymes. On the basis of SBVS, receptor fit, drug‐like filters, and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) analysis, 16 hits were selected and tested for their antitubercular activity against the H37RV strain of M. tuberculosis. Five compounds showed promising activity with compounds 11436 and 15275 as the most potent hits with IC50 values of 0.65 and 12.51 μM, respectively, against the H37RV strain of M. tuberculosis. The two compounds were further tested in the Mtb‐DHFR and h‐DHFR enzymatic assay for selectivity and were found to be three‐ to eight‐fold selective towards Mtb‐DHFR over h‐DHFR with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 5.50, 73.89 µM and 42.00, 263.00 µM, respectively. In silico simulation studies also supported the stability of the protein–ligand complex formation. The present study demonstrates the successful utilization of in silico SBVS tools for the identification of novel and potential Mtb‐DHFR inhibitors and compound 11436 ((2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)(3,4,5‐trihydroxyphenyl)methanone) as a potential lead for the development of novel Mtb‐DHFR inhibitors.
Gain‐of‐Function Effects of N‐Terminal CEBPA Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Schmidt Luisa , Heyes Elizabeth , Grebien Florian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMutations in the CEBPA gene are present in 10–15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The most frequent type of mutations leads to the expression of an N‐terminally truncated variant of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), termed p30. While initial reports proposed that p30 represents a dominant‐negative version of the wild‐type C/EBPα protein, other studies show that p30 retains the capacity to actively regulate gene expression. Recent global transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses have advanced the understanding of the distinct roles of the p30 isoform in leukemogenesis. This review outlines direct and indirect effects of the C/EBPα p30 variant on oncogenic transformation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and discusses how studies of N‐terminal CEBPA mutations in AML can be extrapolated to identify novel gain‐of‐function features in oncoproteins that arise from recurrent truncating mutations in transcription factors.
Quantification of morphochemical changes during in situ enzymatic hydrolysis of individual biomass particles based on autofluorescence imaging
Authors: Kapsokalyvas Dimitrios , Loos Joachim , Boogers Ilco A. L. A. , Appeldoorn Maaike M. , Kabel Mirjam A. , Van Zandvoort Marc 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnzymatic hydrolysis of biomass is an established method for producing biofuels. Lignocellulosic biomass such as corn stover is very inhomogeneous material with big variation on conversion rates between individual particles therefore leading to variable recalcitrance results. In this study, we used noninvasive optical microscopy techniques, such as two‐photon microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, to visualize and analyze morphological and chemical changes of individual corn stover particles pretreated with sulfuric acid during hydrolysis. Morphochemical changes were interpreted based on the fluorescence properties of isolated building blocks of plant cell wall, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in particle size reduction, side wall collapse, decrease of second harmonic signal from cellulose, redshifting of autofluorescence emission, and lifetime decrease attributed to the relative increase of lignin. Based on these observations, tracking compositional change after hydrolysis of individual particles was accomplished. The methodologies developed offer a paradigm for imaging and analyzing enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro and in situ, which could be used for screening enzymes cocktails targeting specific recalcitrant structures or investigating locally enzyme anti‐inhibitory agents.
Noninvasive tool for optical online monitoring of individual biomass concentrations in a defined coculture
Authors: Geinitz Bertram , Rehmann Lars , Büchs Jochen , Regestein Lars 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCocultures bear great potential in the conversion of complex substrates and process intensification, as well as, in the formation of unique components only available due to inter‐species interactions. Dynamic data of coculture composition is necessary for understanding and optimizing coculture systems. However, most standard online determined parameters measure the sum of all species in the reactor system. The kinetic behavior of the individual species remains unknown. Up to now, different offline methods are available to determine the culture composition, as well as the online measurement of fluorescence of genetically modified organisms. To avoid any genetic modification, a noninvasive online monitoring tool based on the scattered light spectrum was developed for microtiter plate cultivations. To demonstrate the potential, a coculture consisting of the bacterium Lactococcus lactis and the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus was cultivated. Via partial least squares regression of scattered light spectra, the online determination of the individual biomass concentrations without further sampling and analyses is possible. The results were successfully validated by a Coulter counter‐analysis, taking advantage of the different cell sizes of both organisms. The findings prove the applicability of the new method to follow in detail the dynamics of a coculture.
A simple microsphere‐based mold to rapidly fabricate microwell arrays for multisize 3D tumor culture
Authors: Li Zixiu , Guo Xiaofang , Sun Lili , Xu Juan , Liu Wenming , Li Tianbao , Wang Jinyi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) tumor has been considered as the best in vitro model for cancer research. In recent years, various methods have been developed to controllable prepare multisize 3D tumors. Nonetheless, reported technologies are still problematic and difficult to produce 3D tumors with highly uniform size and cell content. Here, a novel and simple microsphere‐based mold approach is proposed to rapidly fabricate spherical microwell arrays for multisize 3D tumors formation, culture, and recovery. Larger amounts of HepG2 3D tumors with excellent quality and uniformity can be efficiently generated using this method. In addition, the tumor size can also be simply controlled by adjusting the diameter of the microwell arrays. All experimental results indicated that the proposed method offers a promising platform to generate and recover highly controlled multisize 3D tumors for various cell‐based biomedical research.