bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanograting Structured Ultrathin Substrate for Ultraflexible Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Takakuwa Masahito , Heo Soo Won , Fukuda Kenjiro , Tajima Keisuke , Park Sungiun , Umezu Shinjiro , Someya Takao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe nanopatterning of the surfaces of polymer substrates enhances the performances of photovoltaics. Ultraflexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are one of the promising energy harvesters for wearable electronics. A reduction in incident light angle dependence while maintaining the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is desirable for wearable electronics devices in which the angle of incident light continuously changes due to the deformation of the device. However, the nanopatterning of the ultrathin polymer substrates of ultraflexible OPVs using the reported methods is challenging because they fatally damage the substrates. Here, the fabrication of ultraflexible OPVs having a low incident light angle dependence while maintaining a PCE of 10.5% by developing ultrathin nanograting polymer substrates is reported. The nanograting‐patterned fluorinated polymer enables the formation of periodic nanograting structures onto the back surface of a 1 µm thick polymer substrate having a pitch of 760 nm and a height of 100 nm, while the opposite surface remains flat after the formation of the planarization layer. Furthermore, with the nanopatterning of the ultrathin substrate, electron‐transporting layer, and active layer, the ultraflexible OPVs exhibit a PCE of 10.8%. The combination of new materials with the developed patterning method is expected to afford even greater performances.
Wölbkrafttorsion an einzelligen schlanken Kastenquerschnitten
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Derler Christoph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStabförmige Bauteile aus Stahl weisen bei planmäßiger Torsionsbelastung häufig einen einzelligen Kastenquerschnitt auf. Da diese Querschnitte i. d. R. nicht wölbfrei sind, stellen sich, außer den für das Gleichgewicht alleine ausreichenden St. Venant'schen Schubspannungen, im Lagerungs‐ und Lasteinleitungsbereich zusätzliche Wölbspannungen ein, mit komplexem Spannungsverlauf. Ziel der Arbeit ist abzuklären, inwiefern bei beulgefährdeten Querschnitten ein alleiniger Beulnachweis am isolierten Querschnittsteil (Steg oder Gurt) mit alleinigen St. Venant'schen Schubspannungen eine ausreichende Tragsicherheit liefert. Einleitend erfolgt in dieser Arbeit eine Analyse der Wölbspannungen (σω, τω) für verschiedene Querschnittsgeometrien (Höhen‐zu‐Breiten‐Verhältnis), Querschnittstypen (idente oder unterschiedliche Wanddicke) und Stablängen. Anhand einer Vorstudie zum Beultragverhalten, mit und ohne Wölbspannungen, werden repräsentative Einzelfälle herausgearbeitet, die dann detailliert untersucht werden. Dabei erfolgen GMNIA‐Analysen zur Ermittlung der Beultragfähigkeit einerseits am Gesamtstab (inkl. Wölbspannungen) und andererseits am isolierten Querschnittsteil, unter alleiniger St. Venant'scher Torsionsbeanspruchung τsv. Ergänzend erfolgen auch Ergebnisdarstellungen für Traglastberechnungen mit zusätzlicher Normalkraft‐ oder Biegebeanspruchung.
Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physicochemical Properties of Quinoa and Starch Microstructure
Authors: Du Zhihong , Li Yulin , Luo Xiaohu , Xing Jiali , Zhang Qingchuan , Wang Ren , Wang Li , Chen Zhengxing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is treated with electron beam irradiation (EBI) at doses of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kGy. The effects of EBI on physicochemical and structural properties are investigated. The mean size of quinoa granules and starch and the amylose content of quinoa increase as the irradiation dose increases. The storage and loss moduli of quinoa flour decline after irradiation. The swelling ability of quinoa flour does not significantly change within the irradiation dose between 0 and 4 kGy. The solubility of quinoa flour increases significantly when quinoa is irradiated at an irradiation dose of >4 kGy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate that the changes in enthalpy significantly decrease after irradiation, whereas EBI does not significantly change other DSC parameters. All the viscosity parameters of quinoa flour in a Rapid Visco Analyzer significantly decline after EBI. X‐ray diffraction reveals that the relative crystallinity of starch decreases after irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy shows that irradiation does not damage the microstructure of quinoa starch. The contents of slowly digestible and resistant starches of quinoa starch increase as the irradiation dose increases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that no new chemical groups in starch are formed.
Fundamentals of 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy and diagnosis: An overview
Authors: Malik Zvi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract5‐Aminolevulinic acid‐based photodynamic therapy (ALA‐PDT) comprises photochemical and biological reactions, finally generating tumor destruction. Tumor selectivity of ALA‐PDT relies on the disturbed heme synthesis pathway in neoplastic cells. Tumor pretreatment with ALA induces two reactions: the first, self‐activation of the key enzyme porphobilinogen synthase and then protoporphyrin (PpIX) synthesis at low Fe++ availability. We emphasize that the toxic mechanism of ALA‐PDT triggered by 1O2 targets intracellular organelle destruction death pathways. PpIX fluorescence of tumors, particularly in glioblastoma, is used clinically for fluorescence guidance during neurosurgery. Targeting residual and metastatic cancer stem cells is a crucial challenge of ALA‐PDT, plausibly combined with other therapeutic modalities to encounter metastatic recurrences. We overview the different aspects of ALA‐PDT mechanism and future research and prospects.
Scalar-graviton amplitudes
Authors: Bjerrum-Bohr N. E. J. , Cristofoli Andrea , Damgaard Poul H. , Gomez Humberto 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Using the CHY-formalism and its extension to a double cover we provide covariant expressions for tree-level amplitudes with two massive scalar legs and an arbitrary number of gravitons in D dimensions. Using unitarity methods, such amplitudes are needed inputs for the computation of post-Newtonian and post-Minkowskian expansions in classical general relativity.
Investigating commercially relevant packaging solutions to improve storage stability of mechanically filleted Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) produced under industrial conditions
Authors: Sone Izumi , Sveinsdóttir Hildur I. , Stefánsson Guðmundur , Larsson Karin , Undeland Ingrid , Skåra Torstein , Romotowska Paulina E. , Karlsdóttir Magnea G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the efficacy of three commercially relevant packaging methods (vacuum with water glazing VAC-G; vacuum with seawater VAC-S; shatter-layer packaging SL) to improve frozen storage stability of mechanically filleted Atlantic mackerel at − 25 °C, in comparison to water glazing alone (GL) and storage as whole unglazed, block frozen fish. Besides proximate composition and pH of raw material, quality changes were analysed by free fatty acid content (FFA), water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield, lipid oxidation (lipid hydroperoxides, PV; non-protein bound thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) and sensory profiles of cooked samples after 3.5, 8, 10 and 12 months of frozen storage. Vacuum-packaging was effective in mitigating the PV and TBARS as well as rancid odour and flavour. The inclusion of seawater in VAC-S altered the sensory textural attributes of the mackerel fillet to be more juicy, tender and soft and increased the attribute of salty flavour in the sample. SL delayed rancid odour and flavour by 2 months compared to GL. Processing of mackerel under industrial conditions, including filleting, handling, double-freezing and glazing accelerated the formation of FFA as well as losses of WHC and cooking yield in the fillet regardless the packaging methods.
Synergistic Effects of Forensic Medicine and Traumatology: Comparison of Clinical Diagnosis Autopsy Findings in Trauma‐Related Deaths
Authors: Schmidt Uwe , Oramary Delovan , Kamin Konrad , Buschmann Claas T. , Kleber Christian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrauma is the third leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular and oncologic diseases. Predominant causes of trauma‐related death (TD) are severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), hemorrhagic shock, and multiple organ failure. An analysis of TD is required in order to review the quality of trauma care and grasp how well the entire trauma network functions, especially for the most severely injured patients. Furthermore, autopsies not only reveal hidden injuries, but also verify clinical assumed causes of death.MaterialDuring the study period of 3 years, a total of 517 trauma patients were admitted to our supraregional University Centre of Orthopaedics and Traumatology in Dresden. 13.7% (71/517) of the patients died after trauma, and in 25 cases (35.2%), a forensic autopsy was instructed by the federal prosecutor. The medical records, death certificates, and autopsy reports were retrospectively evaluated and the clinical findings matched to autopsy results.ResultsThe observed mortality rates (13.7%) were 4.2% less than expected by the calculated RISC II probability of survival (mortality rate of 17.9%). The most frequent trauma victims were due to falls >3 m (n = 29), followed by traffic accidents (n = 28). The median ISS was 34, IQR 25, and the median New ISS (NISS) was 50, IQR 32. Locations of death were in emergency department (23.9%), ICU (73.2%), OR and ward (1.4%, respectively). Clinicians classified 47.9% of deaths due to sTBI (n = 34), followed by 9.9% thoracic trauma and multiple organ failure (n = 7), 8.4% multiple trauma (n = 6), and 2.8% hypoxia and exsanguination (n = 2). In 18.3%, cases were unspecific or other causes of death recorded on the death certificates. Evident differences with evident clinical consequences were ascertained in 4% (n = 1) and marginal clinical consequences in 24% (6/25). In 16% (4/25), marginal differences with minor forensic consequences were revealed.ConclusionsEven in a supraregional trauma center, specialized in multiple trauma management (4.2% survival benefit), room for improvement exists in more than a quarter of all casualties. This underlines the need for higher autopsy rates to uncover missed injuries and to understand the pathomechanism in each trauma fatality. This would also help to uncover potential insufficiencies in clinical routines with regard to diagnostics. The interdisciplinary cooperation of trauma surgeons and forensic pathologists can increase the quality of trauma patient care.
Molekularpathologische Diagnostik an zytologischen Präparaten
Authors: Fassunke Jana , Ball Markus , Engels Marianne 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungFür Lungenkarzinome mit bestimmten molekulargenetischen Veränderungen desALK-,BRAF- oderEGFR-Gens gibt es zielgerichtete Therapien, die auch in der Erstlinientherapie zugelassen sind. Oftmals steht für die molekularpathologische Testung nur ein begrenztes Probenmaterial in Form von Biopsien zur Verfügung. In einigen Fällen weisen die Biopsien nach Standardfärbungen und immunhistochemischen Färbungen keinen oder einen zu geringen Tumoranteil auf, um PCR-basierte Untersuchungen oder FISH(Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung)-Analysen damit durchzuführen. In solchen Fällen kann auf zytologische Präparate wie Bronchusbürstenausstriche, transbronchiale Nadelaspiration (TBNA), Bronchiallavage, Punktionsausstriche von Lymphknotenmetastasen oder peripheren Metastasen, Pleuraerguss, Aszites und Perikarderguss zurückgegriffen werden. Standardfärbungen wie HE, Pappenheim und Papanicolaou sowie immunhistologische Präparate können nach der morphologischen Analyse und Diagnosesicherung verwendet werden, um daraus DNA zu extrahieren. Ein Zytopathologe markiert hierfür die Tumorzellareale vorher auf dem Objektträger. Nur bei ausreichend hohem Tumorzellanteil ist es möglich, diese Areale zu dissezieren und DNA zu extrahieren. Um eine FISH-Analyse mit den zytologischen Präparaten durchzuführen, müssen vom Zytopathologen möglichst kleine Areale mit mehr als 100 Tumorzellen eingezeichnet werden. Bereits gefärbte Schnitte werden vor der Hybridisierungsreaktion entfärbt. Ziel ist es, auch bei begrenztem Ausgangsmaterial eine umfangreiche Diagnostik zu erreichen und Rebiopsien zu vermeiden. In der Pathologie der Uniklinik Köln wurden im Zeitraum von 2016 bis Juli 2019 1711 NGS(Next Generation Sequencing)- und FISH-Analysen an zytologischen Präparaten durchgeführt. Dabei lag die Erfolgsrate der NGS-Untersuchungen mit 85,9 % leicht über der Erfolgsrate der FISH-Analysen mit 82,8 %.
Psi-PIV: a novel framework to study unsteady microfluidic flow
Authors: Kislaya Ankur , Deka Antaran , Veenstra Peter , Tam Daniel S. W. , Westerweel Jerry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In microscopic particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV), correlation averaging over multiple frames is often required, leading to a loss in temporal resolution, therefore limiting the measurement accuracy for unsteady flows. Here, we present a new PIV method suitable to study steady and unsteady laminar flows between parallel plates (i.e., Hele-Shaw flow), which is a common flow configuration in microfluidic applications. Our method reduces the effective seeding density and yields similar if not higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to conventional micro-PIV. We call this algorithm $$\Psi$$Ψ-PIV. $$\Psi$$Ψ-PIV requires a much smaller number of frames to reach the same SNR compared to the widely used correlation averaging method. This leads to a significant improvement of the temporal resolution. The $$\Psi$$Ψ-PIV algorithm is used in an experimental investigation of steady and unsteady flows in a Hele-Shaw cell. Our experiment shows that $$\Psi$$Ψ-PIV reduces the number of required frames by 8 times and 30 times compared to the frames required by conventional PIV for steady and unsteady laminar flow, respectively. In this study, PIV and $$\Psi$$Ψ-PIV use a single-pass cross-correlation to present the underlying difference between the two approaches.

Graphic abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors dysregulate DNA repair proteins and antagonize metastasis-associated processes
Authors: Kiweler Nicole , Wünsch Désirée , Wirth Matthias , Mahendrarajah Nisintha , Schneider Günter , Stauber Roland H. , Brenner Walburgis , Butter Falk , Krämer Oliver H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We set out to determine whether clinically tested epigenetic drugs against class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) affect hallmarks of the metastatic process.

Methods
We treated permanent and primary renal, lung, and breast cancer cells with the class I histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) entinostat (MS-275) and valproic acid (VPA), the replicative stress inducer hydroxyurea (HU), the DNA-damaging agent cis-platinum (L-OHP), and the cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). We used proteomics, quantitative PCR, immunoblot, single cell DNA damage assays, and flow cytometry to analyze cell fate after drug exposure.

Results
We show that HDACi interfere with DNA repair protein expression and trigger DNA damage and apoptosis alone and in combination with established chemotherapeutics. Furthermore, HDACi disrupt the balance of cell adhesion protein expression and abrogate TGFβ-induced cellular plasticity of transformed cells.

Conclusion
HDACi suppress the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and compromise the DNA integrity of cancer cells. These data encourage further testing of HDACi against tumor cells.
Large-scale spatial synchrony in red squirrel populations driven by a bottom-up effect
Authors: Turkia Tytti , Jousimo Jussi , Tiainen Juha , Helle Pekka , Rintala Jukka , Hokkanen Tatu , Valkama Jari , Selonen Vesa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSpatial synchrony between populations emerges from endogenous and exogenous processes, such as intra- and interspecific interactions and abiotic factors. Understanding factors contributing to synchronous population dynamics help to better understand what determines abundance of a species. This study focuses on spatial and temporal dynamics in the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) using snow-track data from Finland from 29 years. We disentangled the effects of bottom-up and top-down forces as well as environmental factors on population dynamics with a spatiotemporally explicit Bayesian hierarchical approach. We found red squirrel abundance to be positively associated with both the abundance of Norway spruce (Picea abies) cones and the predators, the pine marten (Martes martes) and the northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), probably due to shared habitat preferences. The results suggest that red squirrel populations are synchronized over remarkably large distances, on a scale of hundreds of kilometres, and that this synchrony is mainly driven by similarly spatially autocorrelated spruce cone crop. Our research demonstrates how a bottom-up effect can drive spatial synchrony in consumer populations on a very large scale of hundreds of kilometres, and also how an explicit spatiotemporal approach can improve model performance for fluctuating populations.
Fabrication of high-resolution conductive patterns on a thermally imprinted polyetherimide film by the capillary flow of conductive ink
Authors: Kurose Takashi , Shishido Hiroto , Ishigami Akira , Nemoto Akihiko , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe developed herein a simple and economical high-resolution wiring process on a plastic substrate. High-resolution conductive patterns on the PEI film was fabricated by utilizing the thermal imprint technology and the capillary flow of the conductive ink. An amorphous thermoplastic polyetherimide (PEI) film was thermally imprinted with a metal mold having line (8 μm)/space (12 μm) structures. The effects of the imprint temperature, melting time, and imprint pressure on the PEI film transferability were investigated. A higher replication ratio was obtained when the molding temperature was higher, the melting time was longer, the imprint pressure was higher, and the mold structure height was lower. The mold structures were almost perfectly transferred on the PEI film surface at a molding temperature of 285 °C, a melting time of 3.0 min, and a molding pressure of 1.0 MPa. Two different wiring processes, namely, spin coating and capillary flowing of Ag ink onto the imprinted PEI film, were conducted. For the spin-coating wiring process, the Ag ink existed not only inside the grooves but also on the convex area as the residual layer, regardless of rotational speed and time. For the capillary flowing wiring process, when the Ag ink contacted the edge of the imprinted pattern on the PEI film, it spontaneously flowed toward the wiring direction. Only the concave grooves were selectively filled with Ag ink, and the residual layer was not observed. The fabricated wiring conformed to Ohm’s law, with an electric resistivity of 42 × 10−8 Ω m.
What explains the link between childhood ADHD and adolescent depression? Investigating the role of peer relationships and academic attainment
Authors: Powell Victoria , Riglin Lucy , Hammerton Gemma , Eyre Olga , Martin Joanna , Anney Richard , Thapar Anita , Rice Frances 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that childhood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) elevates risk of later depression, but the mechanisms behind this association are unclear. We investigated the relationship between childhood ADHD symptoms and late-adolescent depressive symptoms in a population cohort, and examined whether academic attainment and peer problems mediated this association. ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) is an ongoing prospective longitudinal population-based UK cohort that has collected data since September 1990. 2950 individuals with data on parent-reported ADHD symptoms in childhood (7.5 years) and self-reported depressive symptoms in late adolescence (17.5 years) were included in analyses. 2161 individuals with additional data at age 16 years on parent-reported peer problems as an indicator of peer relationships and formal examination results (General Certificate of Secondary Education; GCSE) as an indicator of academic attainment were included in mediation analyses. Childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with higher depressive symptoms (b = 0.49, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001) and an increased odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms in adolescence (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.15–1.41, p < 0.001). The association with depressive symptoms was mediated in part by peer problems and academic attainment which accounted for 14.68% and 20.13% of the total effect, respectively. Childhood ADHD is associated with increased risk of later depression. The relationship is mediated in part by peer relationships and academic attainment. This highlights peer relationships and academic attainment as potential targets of depression prevention and intervention in those with ADHD. Future research should investigate which aspects of peer relationships are important in conferring later risk for depression.
Sentinel node mapping for post-endoscopic resection gastric cancer: multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors:   Japanese Society for Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery, Mayanagi Shuhei , Takahashi Naoto , Mitsumori Norio , Arigami Takaaki , Natsugoe Shoji , Yaguchi Yoshihisa , Suda Takeshi , Kinami Shinichi , Ohi Masaki , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Sato Yasunori , Takeuchi Hiroya , Aikou Takashi , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundStandard gastrectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy as an additional surgery after endoscopic resection (ER) causes a deterioration in long-term quality of life. If the sentinel lymph node (SN) basin concept can be applied in post-ER gastric cancer, minimal surgery can be applied without reducing the curability. This retrospective multicenter cohort study aimed to verify the validity of the SN basin concept in post-ER gastric cancer.Patients and methodsIndividual data of 132 patients who underwent SN mapping after ER were collected from 8 university hospitals in Japan from 2001 to 2016. Tracers were injected endoscopically in the submucosal layer at four sites around the post-ER scar. We compared the SN basin distribution of post-ER gastric cancer with that of 275 patients with non-ER gastric cancer.ResultsTwo cases of SN were unidentified, both involving a single tracer (SN detection rate: 98.5%). Nine cases (6.8%) of lymph node metastasis were found, of which eight had a metastatic lymph node within the SNs and one had a non-SN metastasis within the SN basin. The diagnostic sensitivity of SN mapping for lymph node metastasis was 88.9% in post-ER group and 95.7% in non-ER group (P = 0.490); the accuracy was 99.2% and 99.6% (P = 0.539), respectively. Regarding the SN basin, no significant intergroup differences were found regardless of the primary tumor location.ConclusionsOur findings clarified the feasibility of SN mapping based on the SN basin concept in patients with gastric cancer who previously underwent ER.