bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Anti‐Coagulative Nanocomplex in Delivering miRNA‐1 Inhibitor Against Microvascular Obstruction of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hong Ting , Wei Yazhong , Xue Xiaomei , Li Yongyong , Dong Haiqing , Guo Xiaoyu , Shi Xueyin , He Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGreat progress has been made in miRNA nanodelivery for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, miRNA nanodelivery within the infarct is impeded by microvascular obstruction as a local circulatory disorder caused by microthrombus formation in microvessels. Knowing that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) can effectively prevent microthrombus formation in microcirculation, it is hypothesized whether surface modification of the nanocarrier with LMWH can overcome microvascular obstruction in the infarct area for better miRNA delivery. Herein, a novel nanocomlex consisting of dendrigraft poly‐l‐lysine (DGL)‐loaded miR‐1 inhibitor as the core to decrease apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and LMWH as the shell to overcome microvascular obstruction of the infarct area is developed. The results show that this anti‐coagulative nanocomlex is able to reduce microthrombus formation in microvessels and inhibit blood‐coagulation factor Xa, thereby overcoming microvascular obstruction in the infarct area. In addition, it further enhances the uptake of miR‐1 inhibitor within the infarct and decreases myocardiocyte apoptosis, thus improving the cardiac function and attenuating the myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, modification of DGL‐loaded miR‐1 inhibitor with LMWH helps overcome microvascular obstruction in delivering the drug to the infarct area, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for achieving a better therapeutic outcome of MI.
Functionalization of Poly(para‐xylylene)s—Opportunities and Challenges as Coating Material
Authors: Moss Tobias , Greiner Andreas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of poly(para‐xylylene)s (PPX) is an enabling technology for materials design as well as for numerous high‐performance applications. Additionally, PPX possesses of a unique set of structure–property relationships that can be tuned over a wide range. Different strategies vary from functionalization of the most used precursor [2.2]paracyclophane to the testing of new precursors and the copolymerization with various monomers. In this review, some recent developments on synthesis and properties of this unique class of polymers, the PPX, are reported.
Single‐Source, Solvent‐Free, Room Temperature Deposition of Black γ‐CsSnI3 Films
Authors: Kiyek Vivien M. , Birkhölzer Yorick A. , Smirnov Yury , Ledinsky Martin , Remes Zdenek , Momand Jamo , Kooi Bart J. , Koster Gertjan , Rijnders Guus , Morales‐Masis Monica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe presence of a nonoptically active polymorph (yellow‐phase) competing with the optically active polymorph (black γ‐phase) at room temperature in cesium tin iodide (CsSnI3) and the susceptibility of Sn to oxidation represent two of the biggest obstacles for the exploitation of CsSnI3 in optoelectronic devices. Here room‐temperature single‐source in vacuum deposition of smooth black γ −CsSnI3 thin films is reported. This is done by fabricating a solid target by completely solvent‐free mixing of CsI and SnI2 powders and isostatic pressing. By controlled laser ablation of the solid target on an arbitrary substrate at room temperature, the formation of CsSnI3 thin films with optimal optical properties is demonstrated. The films present a bandgap of 1.32 eV, a sharp absorption edge, and near‐infrared photoluminescence emission. These properties and X‐ray diffraction of the thin films confirm the formation of the orthorhombic (B‐γ ) perovskite phase. The thermal stability of the phase is ensured by applying in situ an Al2O3 capping layer. This work demonstrates the potential of pulsed laser deposition as a volatility‐insensitive single‐source growth technique of halide perovskites and represents a critical step forward in the development and future scalability of inorganic lead‐free halide perovskites.
Alginate‐Derived Active Blend Enhances Adsorption and Photocatalytic Removal of Organic Pollutants in Water
Authors: Vassalini Irene , Gjipalaj Joana , Crespi Stefano , Gianoncelli Alessandra , Mella Mariella , Ferroni Matteo , Alessandri Ivano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ever‐increasing need for clean water is one of the most urgent sustainable development goals, which requires environmentally‐friendly strategies for water remediation against different types of pollutants. In this work, the possibility of using alginate, a biocompatible and natural polysaccharide, is explored for the preparation of both oxide (TiO2, Al2O3, and yttria‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ)) macrobeads and an active blend of rich carbon nanoparticles, depolymerized alginate, formic acid, and a complex mixture of other organic acids. In particular, the active blend is obtained through low‐energy‐demanding microwave assisted digestion of sodium alginate solution, and it is used to enhance the decontamination activity of oxide macrobeads in mild conditions (e.g., low temperature, no pH buffers, and visible illumination). It is demonstrated that the alginate‐derived active blend obtained without the addition of any other chemicals increases primarily the adsorption capability of oxide macrobeads toward positively charged pollutants (methylene blue, crystal violet, and tetracaine) and, also, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 during their degradation. Interestingly, functionalization with the obtained alginate‐derived active blend enables better performance in comparison with functionalization of its single components or with carbon‐dots (C‐Dots) obtained with conventional and more energy‐demanding hydrothermal methods, enabling them to obtain a fully sustainable, environmentally‐friendly system for water remediation.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Propylphenols on a Niobia‐Supported Platinum Catalyst: Ortho, Meta, Para Isomerism, Reaction Conditions, and Phase Equilibria
Authors: González Escobedo José Luis , Mäkelä Eveliina , Neuvonen Jouni , Uusi‐Kyyny Petri , Lindblad Marina , Karinen Reetta , Puurunen Riikka L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe alkylphenols found in liquefied lignocellulose could become a source of bio‐based aromatic hydrocarbons for fuel components. In the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of alkylphenols, hydroxyl groups must be removed while avoiding the hydrogenation of the aromatic ring. Here, the HDO of propylphenols is studied using a Pt/Nb2O5 catalyst and n‐tetradecane solvent. HDO experiments are performed using different reaction conditions of batch residence time (0–161 min gcat greactant−1), pressure (20–30 bar H2), and temperature (300–375 °C). HDO is studied with ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐propylphenol. The influence of vapor–liquid equilibrium and chemical equilibrium are assessed using thermodynamic calculations. Almost full deoxygenation is attained in the experiments; the main products are propylbenzene and propylcyclohexane. The study finds that, of the isomers, 4‐propylphenol is the most favorable for forming propylbenzene (77% maximum selectivity), whereas 2‐propylphenol is the least favorable (55% maximum selectivity). Additionally, the reactivity of propylbenzene in the test conditions is detrimental to its selectivity after 5 min gcat greactant−1. Finally, the temperature at which the process favors propylbenzene is found to shift as a function of pressure; at 20 bar, propylbenzene is favored at 350 °C and at 30 bar, it is favored at 375 °C.
Substantially Enhanced Power Output and Durability of Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Yan Wenrui , Xiang Yan , Zhang Jin , Lu Shanfu , Jiang San Ping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDevelopment of direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) is significantly constrained by low output performance and poor durability because of the sluggish formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) and the poisoning by COads intermediate on the Pt‐based electrocatalyst at low operating temperatures. By operating DFAFCs at elevated temperatures, the peak power density (PPD) of the cell based on the Pt/C catalyst increases significantly. For example, the PPD of DFAFC reaches 198 mW cm−2 at 240 °C, eight times higher than that of the DFAFC at 70 °C. The study shows the surprising transition in power performance of DFAFCs at elevated temperatures. The increase of PPD for DFAFC against temperature is 121 mW cm−2/100 °C at temperatures above 115 °C, almost three times higher than the 45 mW cm−2/100 °C obtained at lower temperatures. The fundamental reason for the substantially enhanced power output and durability is the gradual transformation of the reaction kinetics from sluggish direct FAOR at low temperatures to fast H2 oxidation reaction at elevated temperatures due to the increased in situ decomposition of formic acid on Pt/C catalysts at temperatures above 100 °C. This study demonstrates that operation at temperatures above 160 °C is most effective to promote performance and durability of DFAFCs.
Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐b]indoles via Brønsted‐Acid‐Promoted Decarboxylative Annulation of 3‐Bromopropenals and Ethyl 2‐Amino‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxylates
Authors: Yang Tang‐Hao , Kavala Veerababurao , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present methodology describes a versatile pathway to furnish α‐carbolines from relatively stable 2‐amino indole derivatives and 3‐bromopropenal. High substrate tolerance, nonmetallic, more efficient, and mild reaction conditions are important aspects.
Cascade Oxidation, Radical Addition, and Annulation of o‐Alkynylarylaldimine with Indole/Imidazopyridine: Access to Aromatic Heterocycle‐substituted Isoquinolines
Authors: Zhao Yun‐Hui , Yu Yajun , Hu Dandan , Zhao Lang , Xie Wenlin , Zhou Zhihua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA peroxide‐mediated oxidation/radical addition/cyclization cascade reaction for the construction of isoquinoline skeleton is reported. The mild metal‐free promoted conditions of this reaction allowed us to synthesize a library of aromatic heterocycle‐substituted isoquinolines with a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and high atom economy in moderate to good yields. The radical intermediate in this reaction system was captured by TEMPO and confirmed by mass spectrometry (TOF‐MS). Further In vitro antiproliferative activities exhibited significant inhibition of the growth of HepG2, MCF‐7, MGC803 and EC‐9706 human cancer cell lines.
Clinico‐Genetic, Imaging and Molecular Delineation of COQ8A‐Ataxia: A Multicenter Study of 59 Patients
Authors: Traschütz Andreas , Schirinzi Tommaso , Laugwitz Lucia , Murray Nathan H. , Bingman Craig A. , Reich Selina , Kern Jan , Heinzmann Anna , Vasco Gessica , Bertini Enrico , Zanni Ginevra , Durr Alexandra , Magri Stefania , Taroni Franco , Malandrini Alessandro , Baets Jonathan , de Jonghe Peter , de Ridder Willem , Bereau Matthieu , Demuth Stephanie , Ganos Christos , Basak A. Nazli , Hanagasi Hasmet , Kurul Semra Hiz , Bender Benjamin , Schöls Ludger , Grasshoff Ute , Klopstock Thomas , Horvath Rita , van de Warrenburg Bart , Burglen Lydie , Rougeot Christelle , Ewenczyk Claire , Koenig Michel , Santorelli Filippo M. , Anheim Mathieu , Munhoz Renato P. , Haack Tobias , Distelmaier Felix , Pagliarini David J. , Puccio Hélène , Synofzik Matthis 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo foster trial‐readiness of coenzyme Q8A (COQ8A)‐ataxia, we map the clinicogenetic, molecular, and neuroimaging spectrum of COQ8A‐ataxia in a large worldwide cohort, and provide first progression data, including treatment response to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10).MethodsCross‐modal analysis of a multicenter cohort of 59 COQ8A patients, including genotype–phenotype correlations, 3D‐protein modeling, in vitro mutation analyses, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers, disease progression, and CoQ10 response data.ResultsFifty‐nine patients (39 novel) with 44 pathogenic COQ8A variants (18 novel) were identified. Missense variants demonstrated a pleiotropic range of detrimental effects upon protein modeling and in vitro analysis of purified variants. COQ8A‐ataxia presented as variable multisystemic, early‐onset cerebellar ataxia, with complicating features ranging from epilepsy (32%) and cognitive impairment (49%) to exercise intolerance (25%) and hyperkinetic movement disorders (41%), including dystonia and myoclonus as presenting symptoms. Multisystemic involvement was more prevalent in missense than biallelic loss‐of‐function variants (82–93% vs 53%; p = 0.029). Cerebellar atrophy was universal on MRI (100%), with cerebral atrophy or dentate and pontine T2 hyperintensities observed in 28%. Cross‐sectional (n = 34) and longitudinal (n = 7) assessments consistently indicated mild‐to‐moderate progression of ataxia (SARA: 0.45/year). CoQ10 treatment led to improvement by clinical report in 14 of 30 patients, and by quantitative longitudinal assessments in 8 of 11 patients (SARA: −0.81/year). Explorative sample size calculations indicate that ≥48 patients per arm may suffice to demonstrate efficacy for interventions that reduce progression by 50%.InterpretationThis study provides a deeper understanding of the disease, and paves the way toward large‐scale natural history studies and treatment trials in COQ8A‐ataxia. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:251–263
γ‐Glutamylcysteine‐ and Cysteinylglycine‐Directed Growth of Chiral Gold Nanoparticles and their Crystallographic Analysis
Authors: Kim Hyeohn , Im Sang Won , Cho Nam Heon , Seo Da Hye , Kim Ryeong Myeong , Lim Yae‐Chan , Lee Hye‐Eun , Ahn Hyo‐Yong , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChiral optical metamaterials with delicate structures are in high demand in various fields because of their strong light–matter interactions. Recently, a scalable strategy for the synthesis of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) using amino acids and peptides has been reported. Reported herein, 3D chiral gold NPs were synthesized using dipeptide γ‐Glu‐Cys and Cys‐Gly and analyzed crystallographically. The γ‐Glu‐Cys‐directed NPs present a cube‐like outline with a protruding chiral wing. In comparison, the NPs synthesized with Cys‐Gly exhibited a rhombic dodecahedron‐like outline with curved edges and elliptical cavities on each face. Morphology analysis of intermediates indicated that γ‐Glu‐Cys generated an intermediate concave hexoctahedron morphology, while Cys‐Gly formed a concave rhombic dodecahedron. NPs synthesized with Cys‐Gly are named 432 helicoid V because of their unique morphology and growth pathway.
Dual‐Template Pore Engineering of Whey Powder‐Derived Carbon as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst for Primary Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Yan Shunyao , Yu Zixun , Liu Chang , Yuan Ziwen , Wang Chaojun , Chen Junsheng , Wei Li , Chen Yuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCost‐effective and high‐performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) are needed for many energy storage and conversion devices. Here, we demonstrate that whey powder, a major by‐product in the dairy industry, can be used as a sustainable precursor to produce heteroatom doped carbon electrocatalysts for ORR. Rich N and S compounds in whey powders can generate abundant catalytic active sites. However, these sites are not easily accessible by reactants of ORR. A dual‐template method was used to create a hierarchically and interconnected porous structure with micropores created by ZnCl2 and large mesopores generated by fumed SiO2 particles. At the optimum mass ratio of whey power: ZnCl2 : SiO2 at 1 : 3 : 0.8, the resulting carbon material has a large specific surface area close to 2000 m2 g−1, containing 4.6 at.% of N with 39.7% as pyridinic N. This carbon material shows superior electrocatalytic activity for ORR, with an electron transfer number of 3.88 and a large kinetic limiting current density of 45.40 mA cm−2. They were employed as ORR catalysts to assemble primary zinc‐air batteries, which deliver a power density of 84.1 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 779.5 mAh g−1, outperforming batteries constructed using a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Our findings open new opportunities to use an abundant biomaterial, whey powder, to create high‐value‐added carbon electrocatalysts for emerging energy applications.
A systematic analysis of economic evaluation studies of second‐generation biorefineries providing chemicals by applying biotechnological processes
Authors: Jorissen Tobias , Oraby Amira , Recke Guido , Zibek Susanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this review is a global assessment of the economics of second‐generation biorefineries, with a focus on the use of food waste and agricultural residues for chemical production by applying biotechnological processes. Analyses are conducted on feedstock and product distribution, applied economic models, and profitability figures for the period 2013–2018. In a study of 163 articles on different biorefinery systems, the production of chemicals is identified as the second major product class, after bioenergy. Bagasse and straw are frequently analyzed second‐generation feedstocks. Based on the evaluation of 22 articles, second‐generation biorefineries producing chemicals by applying biotechnological processes proves to be economically feasible. On average, both the internal rate of return (IRR) and the return on investment (ROI) are 20% and the payback period (PP) is 6 years. The cost share of feedstock in biorefineries is between 0–50%. The price of the end product and the fermentation yields have the most impact on profitability. The processing of food waste that has industrial and municipal origins appears more economical than the processing of agricultural residues. Scientists, policy makers and entrepreneurs with an appropriate risk tolerance are advised to pay particular attention to municipal food waste and the potential economic production of carboxylic acids. For various economic issues related to biorefineries, dynamic‐deterministic models are recommended, which can be extended by a stochastic model. This review provides an initial overview of the economic feasibility of second‐generation biorefineries. Further techno‐economic analyses are required to produce statistically significant statements on key profitability figures. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogenic Iron Preserves Structures during Fossilization: A Hypothesis
Authors: Saleh Farid , Daley Allison C. , Lefebvre Bertrand , Pittet Bernard , Perrillat Jean Philippe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is hypothesized that iron from biological tissues, liberated during decay, may have played a role in inhibiting loss of anatomical information during fossilization of extinct organisms. Most tissues in the animal kingdom contain iron in different forms. A widely distributed iron‐bearing molecule is ferritin, a globular protein that contains iron crystallites in the form of ferrihydrite minerals. Iron concentrations in ferritin are high and ferrihydrites are extremely reactive. When ancient animals are decaying on the sea floor under anoxic environmental conditions, ferrihydrites may initialize the selective replication of some tissues in pyrite FeS2. This model explains why some labile tissues are preserved, while other more resistant structures decay and are absent in many fossils. A major implication of this hypothesis is that structures described as brains in Cambrian arthropods are not fossilization artifacts, but are instead a source of information on anatomical evolution at the dawn of complex animal life.
Nonfinancial reporting regulation and challenges in sustainability disclosure and corporate governance practices
Authors: Aureli Selena , Del Baldo Mara , Lombardi Rosa , Nappo Fabio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate how the shift from voluntary to mandatory nonfinancial information started by the European Union (EU) Directive 95/2014 may influence corporate practices. In particular, this research presents a paradigmatic case study to highlight relevant changes in reporting strategy and corporate governance adopted by an Italian listed company that never disclosed sustainability information before the transposition of the EU Directive into the Legislative Decree 254/2016. In this scenario, new obligations on nonfinancial reporting were not perceived as mere additional administrative duties and the nonfinancial statement became an opportunity to communicate company's paths towards sustainability, guaranteeing transparency and greater stakeholders' engagement. Our findings go beyond prior studies pointing out how organisations adopt strategic and tactical responses to the pressure stemming from the external environment. Additionally, it highlights the pivotal function played by the internal audit in setting up the direction of change. This research has theoretical and practical contributions for academic communities, policymakers and practitioners.
The key candidate genes in tubulointerstitial injury of chronic kidney diseases patients as determined by bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Wang Wanpeng , Shen Jianxiao , Qi Chaojun , Pu Juan , Chen Haoyu , Zuo Zhi 
Published: April 2020

Pathologic changes such as renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), which in turn, leads to loss of renal function. The aims of present study were to screen critical genes with tubulointerstitial lesion in CKD by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Gene expression data including 169 tubulointerstitial samples of CKD and 21 controls downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Totally 294 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, including 180 upregulated and 114 downregulated genes. Meanwhile, 90 expression data of tubulointerstitial samples combined with clinic information were applied to explore the potential mechanisms of tubulointerstitial lesion. As a consequence, the blue, brown and yellow modules which included the most DEGs compared to the other modules and exhibited strongly association with eGFR, were significantly enriched in several signalling pathways that have been reported involved in pathogenesis of CKD. Furthermore, it was found that the four genes (PLG, ITGB2, CTSS and CCL5) was one of the DEGs which also be identified as hub genes according to Kwithin. Finally, the Nephroseq online tool showed that the tubulointerstitial expression levels of PLG significantly positively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while ITGB2, CTSS and CCL5 connected negatively to the eGFR of CKD patients. Taken together, WGCNA is an efficient approach to system biology. By this procedure, the present study enhanced the understanding of the transcriptome status of CKD and might shed a light on the further investigation on the mechanisms of renal tubulointerstitial injury in CKD.Significance of studyTraditional molecular biology can only explain the local part of the biological system, and difficult to make comprehensive exploration of the whole biological system in the chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we gave an explicit elucidation of dysregulated protein coding genes by the analysis of microarray datasets in GEO database. We have presented a novel approach using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to explore the DEGs which implicated in CKD process. In this study, we conducted WGCNA to explore the potential mechanisms of renal tubular damage, and provided novel biomarkers associated with the molecular mechanisms underlying renal tubulointerstitial injury in CKD.