bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrially processed v. home-prepared dishes: what economic benefit for the consumer?
Authors: Tharrey Marion , Drogué Sophie , Privet Lisa , Perignon Marlène , Dubois Christophe , Darmon Nicole 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To cope with the pressure of modern life, consumer demand for convenience foods has increased in the last decades. The current study set out to compare the costs of buying industrially processed dishes and of preparing them at home.Design:Direct purchase costs of industrially processed dishes frequently consumed in France (n 19) and of the ingredients needed for their home-prepared counterparts (n 86) were collected from four major food retailers’ websites in Montpellier, France. Mean prices and energy density were calculated for four portions. Costs related to energy used by cooking appliances and time spent preparing dishes were further estimated.Setting:Montpellier, France.Participants:Not applicable.Results:Based on the costs of ingredients and energy used for cooking, dishes prepared at home cost less (–0·60 € per four portions, P < 0.001) than industrially processed dishes, but when the cost of time was taken into account, the industrially processed dishes were much cheaper (–5·34 € per four portions, P < 0.001) than their home-prepared counterparts. There was no difference in energy density between industrially processed and home-prepared dishes.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that industrially processed dishes are more profitable to consumers when the cost of time for preparing dishes at home is valued. Given the ever greater demands of everyday life, more account should be taken of the additional cost to consumers of the time they spend preparing meals at home.
Risk, uncertainty and the market: a rethinking of Islamic and Western finance
Authors: D'Alvia Daniele 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper aims at providing an account of the Islamic conception ofGhararin contrast to the current Western conceptualisation of risk, using the respective financial legal frameworks of both as the criterion. One of the more decisive stakes of the difference in approach between the Islamic and contemporary Western legal orders today concern the regulation of financial markets; specifically, the definitions of risk and uncertainty – crucial characteristics of modern economies – can be understood as preferentially related to specific features of Islamic law. In the end, according to Knight, money-creation processes are centred on uncertainty. Without uncertainty, there is no profit. This is why, although different at first sight, Islamic finance with its understanding of permissibleGhararand Western finance with its uncertainty-aversion trend have become more resilient, especially since the financial crisis (2007–2010).
Messaging Mask Wearing During the COVID-19 Crisis: Ideological Differences
Authors: Utych Stephen M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As the U.S. Government works to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, messaging is important in getting individuals to comply with public health recommendations, especially as the response from the public seems to be polarized along partisan and ideological lines. Using a recent Centers for Disease Control recommendation of wearing facemasks, I use Regulatory Focus Theory to predict that conservatives will be more responsive to messages related to promotion, while liberals are more responsive to messages related to prevention. Using a pre-registered experimental design, I find no evidence that prevention messages influence attitudes toward mask wearing. Promotion messages, however, cause conservatives to become less supportive of mask wearing, in contrast to theoretical predictions. These findings suggest that, related to messaging about mask wearing, strong ideological differences do not emerge related to the focus of the message.
Spectroscopy of short-lived radioactive molecules
Authors: Garcia Ruiz R. F. , Berger R. , Billowes J. , Binnersley C. L. , Bissell M. L. , Breier A. A. , Brinson A. J. , Chrysalidis K. , Cocolios T. E. , Cooper B. S. , Flanagan K. T. , Giesen T. F. , de Groote R. P. , Franchoo S. , Gustafsson F. P. , Isaev T. A. , Koszorús Á. , Neyens G. , Perrett H. A. , Ricketts C. M. , Rothe S. , Schweikhard L. , Vernon A. R. , Wendt K. D. A. , Wienholtz F. , Wilkins S. G. , Yang X. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMolecular spectroscopy offers opportunities for the exploration of the fundamental laws of nature and the search for new particle physics beyond the standard model1–4. Radioactive molecules—in which one or more of the atoms possesses a radioactive nucleus—can contain heavy and deformed nuclei, offering high sensitivity for investigating parity- and time-reversal-violation effects5,6. Radium monofluoride, RaF, is of particular interest because it is predicted to have an electronic structure appropriate for laser cooling6, thus paving the way for its use in high-precision spectroscopic studies. Furthermore, the effects of symmetry-violating nuclear moments are strongly enhanced5,7–9 in molecules containing octupole-deformed radium isotopes10,11. However, the study of RaF has been impeded by the lack of stable isotopes of radium. Here we present an experimental approach to studying short-lived radioactive molecules, which allows us to measure molecules with lifetimes of just tens of milliseconds. Energetically low-lying electronic states were measured for different isotopically pure RaF molecules using collinear resonance ionisation at the ISOLDE ion-beam facility at CERN. Our results provide evidence of the existence of a suitable laser-cooling scheme for these molecules and represent a key step towards high-precision studies in these systems. Our findings will enable further studies of short-lived radioactive molecules for fundamental physics research.
SRPK1 acetylation modulates alternative splicing to regulate cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Cheng , Zhou Zhihong , Subhramanyam Charannya Sozheesvari , Cao Qiong , Heng Zealyn Shi Lin , Liu Wen , Fu Xiangdong , Hu Qidong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCisplatin and other platinum-based compounds are frequently used to treat breast cancer, but their utility is severely compromised by drug resistance. Many genes dictating drug responsiveness are subject to pre-mRNA alternative splicing which is regulated by key kinases such as the serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1). However, its contribution to drug resistance remains controversial. In this study, we have identified that Tip60-mediated acetylation of SRPK1 is closely associated with chemotherapy sensitivity. In breast cancer cells, cisplatin induced SRPK1 acetylation but in the corresponding resistant cells, it reduced acetylation yet increased phosphorylation and kinase activity of SRPK1, favouring the splicing of some anti-apoptotic variants. Significantly, the cisplatin-resistant cells could be re-sensitized by enhancing SRPK1 acetylation or inhibiting its kinase activity. Hence, our study reveals a key role of SRPK1 in the development of cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cells and suggests a potential therapeutic avenue for overcoming chemotherapy resistance.
Nitrite modulates aminoglycoside tolerance by inhibiting cytochrome heme-copper oxidase in bacteria
Authors: Zhang Yongting , Guo Kailun , Meng Qiu , Gao Haichun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a bacteriostatic agent, nitrite has been used in food preservation for centuries. When used in combination with antibiotics, nitrite is reported to work either cooperatively or antagonistically. However, the mechanism underlying these effects remains largely unknown. Here we show that nitrite mediates tolerance to aminoglycosides in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, but has little interaction with other types of antibiotics. Nitrite directly and mainly inhibits cytochrome heme-copper oxidases (HCOs), and by doing so, the membrane potential is compromised, blocking uptake of aminoglycosides. In contrast, reduced respiration (oxygen consumption rate) resulting from nitrite inhibition is not critical for aminoglycoside tolerance. While our data indicate that nitrite is a promising antimicrobial agent targeting HCOs, cautions should be taken when used with other antibiotics, aminoglycosides in particular.
Up-regulation of miR-34c-5p inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by mediating NOTCH1
Authors: Xu Xin , Yan Haomin , Zhang Le , Liu Jing , Huang Yu , Cheng Haoyu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the correlation between miR-34c-5p and NOTCH1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and methods: qPCR was employed to quantify miR-34c-5p and NOTCH1 mRNA in NPC, and Western blot to detect NOTCH1. MiR-34c-5p mimics/inhibitor and NOTCH1 siRNA were constructed to analyze the role of miR-34c-5p/NOTCH1 on the biological function of NPC cells. Results: NPC cells showed lower miR-34c-5p expression and higher NOTCH1 expression than normal cells, and up-regulating miR-34c-5p or inhibiting NOTCH1 could strongly suppress the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), proliferation, invasion and migration of NPC cells, and induce apoptosis in them. Up-regulating miR-34c-5p could inhibit NOTCH1, and miR-34c-5p was negatively correlated with NOTCH1. Rescue experiment results revealed that NOTCH1 up-regulation could counteract the changes of cell process induced by increased miR-34c-5p. Conclusion: MiR-34c-5p inhibits the growth of NPC by down-regulating NOTCH1, so up-regulating miR-34c-5p or down-regulating NOTCH1 may become the potential direction of NPC treatment.
Structural insight into the type-specific epitope of porcine circovirus type 3
Authors: Bi Mingfang , Li Xiangdong , Zhai Weifeng , Yin Bo , Tian Kegong , Mo Xiaobing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The recently identified pathogenic Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) may threaten to reduce the pig population dramatically worldwide. In our previous study, a PCV3-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb-1H11) was successfully applied in immune-histochemistry staining and ELISA, which specifically recognize PCV3 capsid protein in PCV3-positive pig tissues. In the present study, we expressed and purified the soluble sole capsid protein of PCV3. The purified capsid protein was capable of self-assembly into virus-like-particles (VLPs), which is validated by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering assays. Moreover, the epitope of mAb-1H11 was identified in the CD-loop region (a.a. 72-79) on the VLP surface, which is confirmed by PCV2-PCV3 epitope swapping assay. For the first time, we determined the cryo-EM structure of PCV3-VLP at 8.5 Å resolution that reveals the detailed structural information of PCV3-VLP. In our cryo-EM structure, PCV3-VLP is composed of 60 capsid protein subunits assembled with T = 1 icosahedral symmetry. Consistent to our bio-dot Western blot assay, the structural comparison between PCV3 and PCV2 revealed significant structural differences in the surface-exposed loops, including the CD-loop (a.a. 72-79) and the EF-loop (a.a. 109-131). Our work provides a structural framework for engineering future PCV3 vaccine and diagnosis kits development.
Dispersion effects in on‐state resistance of lateral Ga2O3 MOSFETs at 300 V switching
Authors: Böcker J. , Tetzner K. , Heucke S. , Hilt O. , Bahat‐Treidel E. , Dieckerhoff S. , Würfl J. 
Published: May 2020

Static characterisation and fast switching processes of lateral β‐Ga2O3 metal oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) are presented. The investigated transistors with 10 mm gate width and 6 µm gate drain distance achieve on‐state resistances of 5 Ω and saturation currents above 2.4 A. Hard switching in a double pulse test setup with an inductive load results in voltage slopes up to 65 V/ns at 300 V input voltage. After longer blocking times and higher DC voltages, a strong dynamic increase in on‐state resistance occurs. Switching with an ohmic load and different load currents reveals only minor influence of the hot electron mechanism during the hard turn on. However, a clear influence of the turn‐on gate drive voltage on the dynamic increase is observed, indicating a shift of the transfer characteristic due to charge trapping in the gate region.
A plethora of new, magnetic chemically peculiar stars from LAMOST DR4
Authors: Hümmerich S. , Paunzen E. , Bernhard K. 
Published: May 2020

Context.Magnetic chemically peculiar (mCP) stars are important to astrophysics because their complex atmospheres lend themselves perfectly to the investigation of the interplay between such diverse phenomena as atomic diffusion, magnetic fields, and stellar rotation. The most up-to-date catalogue of these objects was published a decade ago. Since then, no large scale spectroscopic surveys targeting this group of objects have been carried out. An increased sample size of mCP stars, however, is important for statistical studies.Aims.The present work is aimed at identifying new mCP stars using spectra collected by the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST).Methods.Suitable candidates were selected by searching LAMOST DR4 spectra for the presence of the characteristic 5200 Å flux depression. Spectral classification was carried out with a modified version of the MKCLASS code and the accuracy of the classifications was estimated by comparison with results from manual classification and the literature. Using parallax data and photometry fromGaiaDR2, we investigated the space distribution of our sample stars and their properties in the colour-magnitude diagram.Results.Our final sample consists of 1002 mCP stars, most of which are new discoveries (only 59 common entries with the Catalogue of Ap, HgMn and Am stars). Traditional mCP star peculiarities have been identified in all but 36 stars, highlighting the efficiency of the code’s peculiarity identification capabilities. The derived temperature and peculiarity types are in agreement with manually derived classifications and the literature. Our sample stars are between 100 Myr and 1 Gyr old, with the majority having masses between 2M⊙and 3M⊙. Our results could be considered as strong evidence for an inhomogeneous age distribution among low-mass (M< 3M⊙) mCP stars; however, we caution that our sample has not been selected on the basis of an unbiased, direct detection of a magnetic field. We identified several astrophysically interesting objects: the mCP stars LAMOST J122746.05+113635.3 and LAMOST J150331.87+093125.4 have distances and kinematical properties in agreement with halo stars; LAMOST J034306.74+495240.7 is an eclipsing binary system (Porb= 5.1435 ± 0.0012 d) hosting an mCP star component; and LAMOST J050146.85+383500.8 was found to be an SB2 system likely comprising of an mCP star and a supergiant component.Conclusions.With our work, we significantly increase the sample size of known Galactic mCP stars, paving the way for future in-depth statistical studies.
Vortices evolution in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Canivete Cuissa José R. , Steiner Oskar 
Published: May 2020

Aims. We study vortex dynamics in the solar atmosphere by employing and deriving the analytical evolution equations of two vortex identification criteria.
Methods. The two criteria used are vorticity and the swirling strength. Vorticity can be biased in the presence of shear flows, but its dynamical equation is well known; the swirling strength is a more precise criterion for the identification of vortical flows, but its evolution equation is not known yet. Therefore, we explore the possibility of deriving a dynamical equation for the swirling strength. We then apply the two equations to analyze radiative magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of the solar atmosphere produced with the CO5BOLD code.
Results. We present a detailed review of the swirling strength criterion and the mathematical derivation of its evolution equation. This equation did not exist in the literature before and it constitutes a novel tool that is suitable for the analysis of a wide range of problems in (magneto-)hydrodynamics. By applying this equation to numerical models, we find that hydrodynamical and magnetic baroclinicities are the driving physical processes responsible for vortex generation in the convection zone and the photosphere. Higher up in the chromosphere, the magnetic terms alone dominate. Moreover, we find that the swirling strength is produced at small scales in a chaotic fashion, especially inside magnetic flux concentrations.
Conclusions. The swirling strength represents an appropriate criterion for the identification of vortices in turbulent flows, such as those in the solar atmosphere. Moreover, its evolution equation, which is derived in this paper, is pivotal for obtaining precise information about the dynamics of these vortices and the physical mechanisms responsible for their production and evolution. Since this equation is available, the swirling strength is now the ideal quantity to study the dynamics of vortices in (magneto-)hydrodynamics.
‘Incantatory’ governance: global climate politics’ performative turn and its wider significance for global politics
Authors: Aykut Stefan C. , Morena Edouard , Foyer Jean 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 2015 Paris agreement represents a deep-rooted change in global climate governance. While existing scholarly assessments highlight centralinstitutionalfeatures of the Paris shift, they tend to overlook itssymbolic and discursivedimensions. Our analysis shows that the Paris architecture combines two core elements: an iterative pledge and review process to stimulate global climate action, and a ‘performative’ narrative aimed at aligning actors’ expectations on the prospect of a low-carbon future. We therefore suggest calling it anincantatorysystem of governance. We then examine the origins of the new approach and find that the rise of ‘soft law’ approaches and communicative techniques in global climate governance are both indicative of a broader process: the entry of management culture in international organisations. Against this backdrop, we examine the prospects, limitations and caveats of the new approach and discuss its wider implications for global politics.
Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB8 displays substrate promiscuity
Authors: Ogawa Takuya , Suwanawat Nittikarn , Toyotake Yosuke , Watanabe Bunta , Kawamoto Jun , Kurihara Tatsuo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase is a phospholipid biosynthetic enzyme that introduces a fatty acyl group into the sn-2 position of phospholipids. Its substrate selectivity is physiologically important in defining the physicochemical properties of lipid membranes and modulating membrane protein function. However, it remains unclear how these enzymes recognize various fatty acids. Successful purification of bacterial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (PlsCs) was recently reported and has paved a path for the detailed analysis of their reaction mechanisms. Here, we purified and characterized PlsC from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB8. This integral membrane protein remained active even after solubilization and purification and showed reactivity toward saturated, unsaturated, and methyl-branched fatty acids, although branched-chain acyl groups are the major constituent of phospholipids of this bacterium. Multiple sequence alignment revealed the N-terminal end of the enzyme to be shorter than that of PlsCs with defined substrate selectivity, suggesting that the shortened N-terminus confers substrate promiscuity.

Abbreviations
ACP: acyl carrier protein; CAPS: N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid; CoA: coenzyme A; CYMAL-6: 6-cyclohexyl-1-hexyl-β-d-maltoside; DDM: n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside; DTNB: 5,5´-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid); EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; G3P: glycerol 3-phosphate; HEPES: N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N´-2-ethanesulfonic acid; LPA: lysophosphatidic acid; MS: mass spectrometry; PA: phosphatidic acid.
Influence of dielectric thickness and electrode structure on the ion wind generation by micro fabricated plasma actuators
Authors: Hink R , Pipa A V , Schäfer J , Caspari R , Weichwald R , Foest R , Brandenburg R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Surface dielectric barrier discharges are investigated in order to explore the combined effects of barrier thickness and microstructure of the exposed electrode on the ion wind generation. Actuators with straight and structured high voltage electrodes with characteristic sizes of 200 and 250 µm and dielectric thicknesses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mm are compared. It is observed that: i) actuator efficiency of ion wind generation strongly depends on the applied voltage amplitude; ii) operation voltage depends on the dielectric thickness logarithmically; iii) electrode microstructure slightly increases the dynamic pressure (few percent in maximum), however the effect decreases with thicker dielectrics and smaller electrode structures; iv) the pattern of the most intensive discharge parts as well as the dielectric erosion repeats the regular structure of the electrodes down to 200 µm. Several identical samples are tested during different days to estimate the impact of the air humidity and the degradation of the dielectric. The microscale precision of the sample manufacture was accomplished by a commercial facility for printed circuit boards.
On the rigidity of Zoll magnetic systems on surfaces
Authors: Asselle Luca , Lange Christian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper we study rigidity aspects of Zoll magnetic systems on closed surfaces. We characterize magnetic systems on surfaces of positive genus given by constant curvature metrics and constant magnetic functions as the only magnetic systems such that the associated Hamiltonian flow is Zoll, i.e. every orbit is closed, on every energy level below the Mañe critical value. We also prove the persistence of possibly degenerate closed geodesics under magnetic perturbations in different instances.
Single spectrum three-material decomposition with grating-based x-ray phase-contrast CT
Authors: Braig Eva-Maria , Pfeiffer Daniela , Willner Marian , Sellerer Thorsten , Taphorn Kirsten , Petrich Christian , Scholz Josef , Petzold Lisa , Birnbacher Lorenz , Dierolf Martin , Pfeiffer Franz , Herzen Julia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Grating-based x-ray phase-contrast imaging provides three simultaneous image channels originating from a single image acquisition. While the phase signal provides direct access to the electron density in tomography, there is additional information on sub-resolutional structural information which is called dark-field signal in analogy to optical microscopy. The additional availability of the conventional attenuation image qualifies the method for implementation into existing diagnostic routines. The simultaneous access to the attenuation coefficient and the electron density allows for quantitative two-material discrimination as demonstrated lately for measurements at a quasi-monochromatic compact synchrotron source. Here, we investigate the transfer of the method to conventional polychromatic x-ray sources and the additional inclusion of the dark-field signal for three-material decomposition. We evaluate the future potential of grating-based x-ray phase-contrast CT for quantitative three-material discrimination for the specific case of early stroke diagnosis at conventional polychromatic x-ray sources. Compared to conventional CT, the method has the potential to discriminate coagulated blood directly from contrast agent extravasation within a single CT acquisition. Additionally, the dark-field information allows for the clear identification of hydroxyapatite clusters due to their micro-structure despite a similar attenuation as the applied contrast agent. This information on materials with sub-resolutional microstructures is considered to comprise advantages relevant for various pathologies.