bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ice-thickness variation during marine oxygen isotope stage 4–2 glaciation determined from kame terraces in the Rangitata Valley, New Zealand
Authors: Thackray* Glenn D. , Rittenour Tammy M. , Shulmeister James 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
An extensive kame-terrace sequence in the middle Rangitata Valley reveals ice-volume fluctuations spanning the last (Otiran) glaciation. Stratigraphic and sedimentologic characteristics document lateral ice-marginal processes and provide context for luminescence dating. The sequence provides novel and complementary data on glacier ice thickness, which fluctuated substantially throughout the Otiran glaciation. Thick ice constructed one of the highest kame terraces (540 m above the valley floor) ca. 68 ka and thinned nearly 500 m to the valley floor by ca. 53 ka. Following an episode of ice thickening to an unknown elevation, ice again thinned to the valley floor by ca. 44 ka. Ice thickened to its greatest late marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 3 extent of 480 m by ca. 37 ka, and thinned to 230 m by ca. 31 ka. The final ice expansion, to 260 m, occurred by ca. 25.5 ka, and the ice fluctuated and thinned to 240 m at ca. 22–20 ka and to 170 m at ca. 21–17 ka. Published cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) ages indicate surface stabilization near the valley floor (55 m) by ca. 18 ka. This ice-thickness chronology provides an independently derived ice-volume record that is consistent with local and regional glacial chronologies. The site, lying between the Mackenzie Basin and the northern Canterbury Plains drainages, displays a chronology with advances correlative in part with each of those regions. Maximum ice extent occurred 70–65 ka in the Rangitata Valley and the Mackenzie Basin, while the subsequent ice expansion ca. 37 ka is similar in timing to chronologies in both the Rakaia Valley to the north and the Mackenzie Basin to the south.
Microbiological evaluation of corneal and contact lens cultures in contact lens-associated bacterial keratitis
Authors: Mukhtar Sabrina , Atta Sarah , Durrani Asad , Perera Chandrashan , Kowalski Regis , Jhanji Vishal 
Published: December 2020

PurposeTo determine the degree of microbiological agreement between corneal scrapings and contact lens cultures in cases of contact lens-associated keratitis.MethodsElectronic medical records of all cases of contact lens-associated keratitis at a single institution from April 2006 to May 2019 were reviewed. Cases where both corneal scrapings and contact lens cultures were obtained were included in the study. Group 1 demonstrated agreement between corneal scrapings and contact lens cultures. Group 2 demonstrated growth on both cultures, but disagreement in isolated organism. Group 3 demonstrated negative corneal cultures but growth on contact lens cultures and the diagnostic yield of contact lens microbiological cultures and agreement between corneal and contact lens cultures.ResultsA total of 80 eyes of 72 patients were included in the study. 135 total incidences of microbiological results were included for data analysis. Group 1 contained nine incidences (6.7%), group 2 contained 60 incidences (44.4%) and group 3 contained 66 incidences (49%). In group 3, 50% of the cases were treated based on contact lens culture data. There was no statistically significant difference between all three groups in terms of baseline characteristics, presenting vision, vision at last follow-up, number of antibiotics used or complications from keratitis. Pseudomonas was the most common microorganism isolated, and in 89% of these cases, there was disagreement between corneal and contact lens cultures.ConclusionsAlthough there was a disagreement in the microbiological yield between contact lens and corneal cultures, contact lens cultures were useful in management of patients while achieving similar outcomes.
OCTA versus dye angiography for the diagnosis and evaluation of neovascularisation in punctate inner choroidopathy
Authors: Gan Yuhong , Zhang Xiongze , Su Yongyue , Shen Mei , Peng Yuting , Wen Feng 
Published: December 2020

PurposeTo compare the sensitivity and specificity of identifying and evaluating the choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) versus dye angiography.MethodsConsecutive patients diagnosed with PIC were enrolled in this study from June 2016 to December 2019. During the same visit, each patient underwent comprehensive ophthalmological and multimodal imaging examinations. The diagnostic accuracy of different modalities was evaluated.ResultsThe study included 160 affected eyes from 123 patients. Ninety-five eyes (59.38%) were identified with secondary CNV by multimodal imaging. The sensitivity and specificity for CNV detection with OCTA alone were 89.47% and 98.46%, respectively. OCTA also provided the morphology of CNV to determine the activity of CNV with a sensitivity of 86.67% and a specificity of 94.29%.ConclusionsIn this study, we investigated the utility of OCTA in the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with CNV secondary to PIC. Compared with dye angiography, OCTA show convincing diagnosis accuracy. Although OCTA has several limitations and is not sufficient to replace dye angiography in clinical practice, it can provide clinicians with a non-invasive way to monitor patients with CNV secondary to PIC and guide treatment decisions.
FIFA Sudden Death Registry (FIFA-SDR): a prospective, observational study of sudden death in worldwide football from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Egger Florian , Scharhag Jürgen , Kästner Andreas , Dvořák Jiří , Bohm Philipp , Meyer Tim 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the underlying causes and regional patterns of sudden death in football (soccer) players worldwide to inform and improve existing screening and prevention measures.MethodsFrom 2014 to 2018 cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD), survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and traumatic sudden death were recorded by media monitoring (Meltwater), a confidential web-based data platform and data synchronisation with existing national Sudden Death Registries (n=16). Inclusion criteria were met when sudden death occurred during football-specific activity or up to 1 hour afterwards. Death during other activities was excluded.ResultsA total of 617 players (mean age 34±16 years, 96% men) with sudden death were reported from 67 countries; 142 players (23%) survived. A diagnosis by autopsy or definite medical reports was established in 211 cases (34%). The leading cause in players >35 years was coronary artery disease (76%) and in players ≤35 years was sudden unexplained death (SUD, 22%). In players ≤35 years the leading cause of SCD varied by region: cardiomyopathy in South America (42%), coronary artery anomaly in North America (33%) and SUD in Europe (26%). Traumatic sudden death including commotio cordis occurred infrequently (6%). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) resulted in a survival rate of 85% with the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) compared with 35% without.ConclusionsRegional variation in SCD aetiology should be verified by expansion of national registries and uniform autopsy protocols. Immediate access to an AED at training and competition sites, as well as CPR training for players, coaches and staff members, is needed to improve survival from SCA.
Working accuracy of pulse oximetry in COVID-19 patients stepping down from intensive care: a clinical evaluation
Authors: Philip Keir Elmslie James , Bennett Benjamin , Fuller Silas , Lonergan Bradley , McFadyen Charles , Burns Janis , Tidswell Robert , Vlachou Aikaterini 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionUK guidelines suggest that pulse oximetry, rather than blood gas sampling, is adequate for monitoring of patients with COVID-19 if CO2retention is not suspected. However, pulse oximetry has impaired accuracy in certain patient groups, and data are lacking on its accuracy in patients with COVID-19 stepping down from intensive care unit (ICU) to non-ICU settings or being transferred to another ICU.MethodsWe assessed the bias, precision and limits of agreement using 90 paired SpO2and SaO2from 30 patients (3 paired samples per patient). To assess the agreement between pulse oximetry (SpO2) and arterial blood gas analysis (SaO2) in patients with COVID-19, deemed clinically stable to step down from an ICU to a non-ICU ward, or be transferred to another ICU. This was done to evaluate whether the guidelines were appropriate for our setting.ResultsMean difference between SaO2and SpO2(bias) was 0.4%, with an SD of 2.4 (precision). The limits of agreement between SpO2and SaO2were as follows: upper limit of 5.2% (95% CI 6.5% to 4.2%) and lower limit of −4.3% (95% CI −3.4% to −5.7%).ConclusionsIn our setting, pulse oximetry showed a level of agreement with SaO2measurement that was slightly suboptimal, although within acceptable levels for Food and Drug Authority approval, in people with COVID-19 judged clinically ready to step down from ICU to a non-ICU ward, or who were being transferred to another hospital’s ICU. In such patients, SpO2should be interpreted with caution. Arterial blood gas assessment of SaO2may still be clinically indicated.
Multicentre, prospective, randomised study comparing the diagnostic yield of colon capsule endoscopy versus CT colonography in a screening population (the TOPAZ study)
Authors: Cash Brooks D , Fleisher Mark R , Fern Steven , Rajan Elizabeth , Haithcock Robyn , Kastenberg David M , Pound David , Papageorgiou Neofytos P , Fernández-Urién Ignacio , Schmelkin Ira J , Rex Douglas K 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveColon capsule endoscopy (CCE) has shown promise for colorectal neoplasia detection compared with optical colonoscopy (OC), but has not been compared with other screening tests in average risk screening patients.DesignPatients 50 to 75 years of age (African Americans, 45–75 years) were randomised to CCE or CT colonography (CTC) and subsequent blinded OC. The primary endpoint was diagnostic yield of polyps ≥6 mm with CCE or CTC. Secondary endpoints included accuracy for size and histology, examination completeness, number/proportion of subjects with polyps and adenomas ≥6 mm and ≥10 mm, subject satisfaction and safety.ResultsFrom 320 enrolled subjects, data from 286 (89.4%) were evaluable. The proportion of subjects with any polyp ≥6 mm confirmed by OC was 31.6% for CCE versus 8.6% for CTC (pPr non-inferiority and superiority=0.999). The diagnostic yield of polyps ≥10 mm was 13.5% with CCE versus 6.3% with CTC (pPr non-inferiority=0.9954). The sensitivity and specificity of CCE for polyps ≥6 mm was 79.2% and 96.3% while that of CTC was 26.8% and 98.9%. The sensitivity and specificity of CCE for polyps ≥10 mm was 85.7% and 98.2% compared with 50% and 99.1% for CTC. Both tests were well tolerated/safe.ConclusionCCE was superior to CTC for detection of polyps ≥6 mm and non-inferior for identification of polyps ≥10 mm. CCE should be considered comparable or superior to CTC as a colorectal neoplasia screening test, although neither test is as effective as OC.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT02754661.
Calibration of polygenic risk scores is required prior to clinical implementation: results of three common cancers in UKB
Authors: Wei Jun , Shi Zhuqing , Na Rong , Resurreccion W Kyle , Wang Chi-Hsiung , Duggan David , Zheng S Lilly , Hulick Peter J , Helfand Brian T , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSNP-based polygenic risk scores have recently been adopted in the clinic for risk assessment of some common diseases. Their validity is supported by a consistent trend between their percentile rank and disease risk in populations. However, for clinical use at the individual level, the reliability of score values is necessary considering they are directly used to calculate remaining lifetime risk.ObjectivesWe assessed the reliability of polygenic score values to estimate prostate cancer (PCa), breast cancer (BCa) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in three incident cohorts from the UK Biobank (n>500 000).MethodsCancer-specific Genetic Risk Score (GRS), a well-established population-standardised polygenic risk score, was calculated.ResultsA systematic bias was found between estimated risks (GRS values) and observed risks; β (95% CI) was 0.67 (0.58–0.76), 0.74 (0.65–0.84) and 0.82 (0.75–0.89), respectively, for PCa, BCa and CRC, all significantly lower than 1.00 (perfect calibration), p<0.001. After applying a correction factor derived from a training data set, the β for corrected GRS values in an independent testing data set were 1.09 (1.05–1.13), 1.00 (0.88–1.12) and 1.08 (0.96–1.21), respectively, for PCa, BCa and CRC.ConclusionAssessing the calibration of polygenic risk scores is necessary and feasible to ensure their reliability prior to clinical implementation.
Deep exploration of aCDKN1Cmutation causing a mixture of Beckwith-Wiedemann and IMAGe syndromes revealed a novel transcript associated with developmental delay
Authors: Berland Siren , Haukanes Bjørn Ivar , Juliusson Petur Benedikt , Houge Gunnar 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundLoss-of-function mutations inCDKN1Ccause overgrowth, that is, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), while gain-of-function variants in the gene’s PCNA binding motif cause a growth-restricted condition called IMAGe syndrome. We report on a boy with a remarkable mixture of both syndromes, with developmental delay and microcephaly as additional features.MethodsWhole-exome DNA sequencing and ultra-deep RNA sequencing of leucocyte-derived and fibroblast-derived mRNA were performed in the family.ResultsWe found a maternally inherited variant in the IMAGe hotspot region: NM_000076.2(CDKN1C) c.822_826delinsGAGCTG. The asymptomatic mother had inherited this variant from her mosaic father with mild BWS features. This delins caused tissue-specific frameshifting resulting in at least three novel mRNA transcripts in the boy. First, a splice product causing CDKN1C truncation was the likely cause of BWS. Second, an alternative splice product in fibroblasts encoded IMAGe-associated amino acid substitutions. Third, we speculate that developmental delay is caused by a change in the alternativeCDKN1C-201(ENST00000380725.1) transcript, encoding a novel isoform we call D (UniProtKB: A6NK88). Isoform D is distinguished from isoforms A and B by alternative splicing within exon 1 that changes the reading frame of the last coding exon. Remarkably, this delins changed the reading frame back to the isoform A/B type, resulting in a hybrid D–A/B isoform.ConclusionThree different cell-type-dependent RNA products can explain the co-occurrence of both BWS and IMAGe features in the boy. Possibly, brain expression of hybrid isoform D–A/B is the cause of developmental delay and microcephaly, a phenotypic feature not previously reported inCDKN1Cpatients.
Adopted individuals’ interest in elective genomic testing
Authors: Edgar Jessica , Bao Annie , Maga Tara , Schwartz Marci , Yates Carin , Spencer Sara 
Published: December 2020

PurposeAdoptees are a population that could benefit from genetic testing to fill gaps in family health history (FHH). Elective genomic testing (EGT) provides adoptees with clinical genetic testing options to learn about genetic health risks in the absence of FHH. We assessed adoptees’ interests in, motivations for and perceived utility of EGT.MethodsAdult adoptees and non-adoptees completed an anonymous, online survey regarding their interest and motivations for EGT, perceived utility of potential results and willingness to pay for EGT. A validated measure of social identity was included to measure the effects of social identity on testing interest.ResultsThere were 112 adoptees and 229 non-adoptees included in the study. Adoptees reported greater interest in EGT (OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.2 to 11.3) than non-adoptees. They were motivated by curiosity and a desire to learn information about risks to children and grandchildren more than non-adoptees. Adoptees with higher education and non-adoptees with higher incomes were significantly more likely to spend more on EGT. Adoptees with higher incomes and non-adoptees with higher education were not significantly more likely to spend more. Social identity was a significant mediator between adoption and testing motivation.ConclusionUnderstanding adoptees’ unique motivations and interests in EGT will allow healthcare providers to better address the informational needs and desires of this population. Social identity provides a foundation for recognising adoptees’ universal experiences that influence motivations for genetic testing.
The long term effect of pulmonary tuberculosis on income and employment in a low income, urban setting
Authors: Meghji Jamilah , Gregorius Stefanie , Madan Jason , Chitimbe Fatima , Thomson Rachael , Rylance Jamie , Banda Ndaziona PK , Gordon Stephen B , Corbett Elizabeth L , Mortimer Kevin , Squire Stephen Bertel 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMitigating the socioeconomic impact of tuberculosis (TB) is key to the WHO End TB Strategy. However, little known about socioeconomic well-being beyond TB-treatment completion. In this mixed-methods study, we describe socioeconomic outcomes after TB-disease in urban Blantyre, Malawi, and explore pathways and barriers to financial recovery.MethodsAdults ≥15 years successfully completing treatment for a first episode of pulmonary TB under the National TB Control Programme were prospectively followed up for 12 months. Socioeconomic, income, occupation, health seeking and cost data were collected. Determinants and impacts of ongoing financial hardship were explored through illness narrative interviews with purposively selected participants.Results405 participants were recruited from February 2016 to April 2017. Median age was 35 years (IQR: 28–41), 67.9% (275/405) were male, and 60.6% (244/405) were HIV-positive. Employment and incomes were lowest at TB-treatment completion, with limited recovery in the following year: fewer people were in paid work (63.0% (232/368) vs 72.4% (293/405), p=0.006), median incomes were lower (US$44.13 (IQR: US$0–US$106.15) vs US$72.20 (IQR: US$26.71–US$173.29), p<0.001), and more patients were living in poverty (earning <US$1.90/day: 57.7% (211/366) vs 41.6% (166/399), p<0.001) 1 year after TB-treatment completion compared with before TB-disease onset. Half of the participants (50.5%, 184/368) reported ongoing dissaving (use of savings, selling assets, borrowing money) and 9.5% (35/368) reported school interruptions in the year after TB-treatment completion. Twenty-one participants completed in-depth interviews. Reported barriers to economic recovery included financial insecurity, challenges rebuilding business relationships, residual physical morbidity and stigma.ConclusionsTB-affected households remain economically vulnerable even after TB-treatment completion, with limited recovery in income and employment, persistent financial strain requiring dissaving, and ongoing school interruptions. Measures of the economic impact of TB disease should include the post-TB period. Interventions to protect the long-term health and livelihoods of TB survivors must be explored.
Hermitian separability of BFKL eigenvalue in Bethe–Salpeter approach
Authors: Joubat Mohammad , Prygarin Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider the Bethe–Salpeter approach to the BFKL evolution in order to naturally incorporate the property of the Hermitian separability in the BFKL approach. We combine the resulting all order ansatz for the BFKL eigenvalue together with reflection identities for harmonic sums and derive the most complicated term of the next-to-next-to-leading order BFKL eigenvalue in SUSY $$N=4$$

N
=
4

. We also suggest a numerical technique for reconstructing the unknown functions in our ansatz from the known results for specific values of confomal spin.
Searches for new phenomena with the ATLAS detector
Authors: Guescini Francesco 
Published: December 2020

Many theories beyond the Standard Model predict new phenomena accessible by the Lhc. Searches for new physics are performed using the Atlas experiment at the Lhc focusing on exotic signatures that are predicted in several theories, excluding supersymmetry. The results of recent searches using 13 TeV data, with the exception of those for Dark Matter signatures, and their interplay and interpretation are presented. Prospects for searches at the High Luminosity Lhc are also discussed.
Measurement of the weak mixing phase ϕs through time-dependent CP-violation in Bs0 → J/ψϕ decays in the ATLAS detector
Authors: Nikolaenko Vladimir 
Published: December 2020

A measurement of [Formula: see text] decay parameters using data collected by the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at 13 TeV in 2015–2017 is performed. Integrated luminosity of this sample is 80.5 fb[Formula: see text]. The measurement of physical parameters are statistically combined with results obtained from Run 1 data at 7 and 8 TeV. The measured value of CP-violating phase [Formula: see text] is obtained, which has significantly better precision in comparison with Run 1 result. Precision of other physical parameters is also improved, including the decay width difference [Formula: see text]. Further improvement is expected from the use of full Run 2 statistics, as well as from modifications in the analysis.
Design of the barrel and endcap DIRC detectors for particle identification in PANDA
Authors: Köseoglu I. 
Published: December 2020

The PANDA experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt/Germany aims to investigate fundamental questions of hadron physics. PANDA is designed as a fixed-target experiment for an antiproton beam with a momentum range of 1.5 GeV/[Formula: see text] to 15 GeV/[Formula: see text]. In order to obtain an excellent particle identification of pions and kaons, two independent DIRC detectors have been developed for two adjacent spatial regions. The Barrel DIRC covers polar angles from [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] and performs [Formula: see text] separation with [Formula: see text] or more for momenta from 0.5 to 3.5 GeV/[Formula: see text]. The novel Endcap Disc DIRC (EDD) detector will cover the forward polar angles between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and will provide a [Formula: see text] separation from 0.5 GeV/[Formula: see text] up to 4 GeV/[Formula: see text] with a separation power at least [Formula: see text]. The design of the Barrel DIRC is based on the successful BaBar DIRC and the SuperB FDIRC R&D with several improvements to optimize the performance for PANDA. Both PANDA DIRC detectors use synthetic fused silica as material for radiators and light guides and lifetime-enhance Microchannel Plate PMTs (MCP-PMTs) as sensors. The Barrel DIRC uses narrow bars as a radiator, a prism-shaped expansion volume and a complex multi-layer spherical lens as focusing system. The Cherenkov radiator for the EDD is a large, 2 cm thick fused silica plate that is divided into four identical quadrants. A combination of bars and cylindrical elements with aluminum coating focus the Cherenkov light on the MCP-PMTs with segmented anode plates. The technical design of the two DIRC detectors and the performance of prototypes, tested in a mixed hadron beam at CERN, will be discussed.