bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabarcoding reveals distinct microbiotypes in the giant clam Tridacna maxima
Authors: Guibert Isis , Lecellier Gael , Torda Gergely , Pochon Xavier , Berteaux-Lecellier Véronique 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGiant clams and scleractinian (reef-building) corals are keystone species of coral reef ecosystems. The basis of their ecological success is a complex and fine-tuned symbiotic relationship with microbes. While the effect of environmental change on the composition of the coral microbiome has been heavily studied, we know very little about the composition and sensitivity of the microbiome associated with clams. Here, we explore the influence of increasing temperature on the microbial community (bacteria and dinoflagellates from the family Symbiodiniaceae) harbored by giant clams, maintained either in isolation or exposed to other reef species. We created artificial benthic assemblages using two coral species (Pocillopora damicornisandAcropora cytherea) and one giant clam species (Tridacna maxima) and studied the microbial community in the latter using metagenomics.ResultsOur results led to three major conclusions. First, the health status of giant clams depended on the composition of the benthic species assemblages. Second, we discovered distinct microbiotypes in the studiedT. maximapopulation, one of which was disproportionately dominated by Vibrionaceae and directly linked to clam mortality. Third, neither the increase in water temperature nor the composition of the benthic assemblage had a significant effect on the composition of the Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities ofT. maxima.ConclusionsAltogether, our results suggest that at least three microbiotypes naturally exist in the studied clam populations, regardless of water temperature. These microbiotypes plausibly provide similar functions to the clam host via alternate molecular pathways as well as microbiotype-specific functions. This redundancy in functions among microbiotypes together with their specificities provides hope that giant clam populations can tolerate some levels of environmental variation such as increased temperature. Importantly, the composition of the benthic assemblage could make clams susceptible to infections by Vibrionaceae, especially when water temperature increases.
What did we learn from preparing for cross-border transmission of Ebola virus disease into a complex humanitarian setting – The Republic of South Sudan?
Authors: Olu Olushayo Oluseun , Lako Richard , Wamala Joseph Francis , Ramadan Patrick Otim , Ryan Caroline , Udenweze Ifeanyi , Berta Kibebu , Guyo Argata Guracha , Sokemawu Alex , Tukuru Michael , Gray Henry John , Chimbaru Alex 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Following the West Africa Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak (2013–2016), WHO developed a preparedness checklist for its member states. This checklist is currently being applied for the first time on a large and systematic scale to prepare for the cross border importation of the ongoing EVD outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo hence the need to document the lessons learnt from this experience. This is more pertinent considering the complex humanitarian context and weak health system under which some of the countries such as the Republic of South Sudan are implementing their EVD preparedness interventions.

Main text
We identified four main lessons from the ongoing EVD preparedness efforts in the Republic South Sudan. First, EVD preparedness is possible in complex humanitarian settings such as the Republic of South Sudan by using a longer-term health system strengthening approach. Second, the Republic of South Sudan is at risk of both domestic and cross border transmission of EVD and several other infectious disease outbreaks hence the need for an integrated and sustainable approach to outbreak preparedness in the country. Third, a phased and well-prioritized approach is required for EVD preparedness in complex humanitarian settings given the costs associated with preparedness and the difficulties in the accurate prediction of outbreaks in such settings. Fourth, EVD preparedness in complex humanitarian settings is a massive undertaking that requires effective and decentralized coordination.

Conclusion
Despite a very challenging context, the Republic of South Sudan made significant progress in its EVD preparedness drive demonstrating that it is possible to rapidly scale up preparedness efforts in complex humanitarian contexts if appropriate and context-specific approaches are used. Further research, systematic reviews and evaluation of the ongoing preparedness efforts are required to ensure comprehensive documentation and application of the lessons learnt for future EVD outbreak preparedness and response efforts.
Social stigma is an underestimated contributing factor to unemployment in people with mental illness or mental health issues: position paper and future directions
Authors: Brouwers Evelien P. M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
As yet, little is known about the effects of mental health stigma on sustainable employment. This is surprising, as mental health stigma is common, and because people with severe and common mental disorders are 7 and 3 times more likely to be unemployed, respectively, than people with no disorders. As the global lifetime prevalence of mental disorders is 29%, the high unemployment rates of people with these health problems constitute an important and urgent public health inequality problem that needs to be addressed.

Main text
The aim of this position paper is to illustrate the assumption that stigma contributes to the unemployment of people with mental illness and mental health issues with evidence from recent scientific studies on four problem areas, and to provide directions for future research. These four problem areas indicate that: (1) employers and line managers hold negative attitudes towards people with mental illness or mental health issues, which decreases the chances of people with these health problems being hired or supported; (2) both the disclosure and non-disclosure of mental illness or mental health issues can lead to job loss; (3) anticipated discrimination, self-stigma and the ‘Why Try’ effect can lead to insufficient motivation and effort to keep or find employment and can result in unemployment; and (4) stigma is a barrier to seeking healthcare, which can lead to untreated and worsened health conditions and subsequently to adverse occupational outcomes (e.g. sick leave, job loss).

Conclusions
The paper concludes that stigma in the work context is a considerable and complex problem, and that there is an important knowledge gap especially regarding the long-term effects of stigma on unemployment. To prevent and decrease adverse occupational outcomes in people with mental illness or mental health issues there is an urgent need for high quality and longitudinal research on stigma related consequences for employment. In addition, more validated measures specifically for the employment setting, as well as destigmatizing intervention studies are needed.
Transforming corporate headquarters: a case study of a collaborative journey
Authors: Chasserio Stephanie , Botte Sophie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTransforming the organizational structure of a headquarters in order to decentralize authority and decrease its size remains a huge challenge for international corporations looking for agility. One of the main issues is how to overcome the inertia of corporate headquarters (CHQ). This paper examines a CHQ transformation at an industrial multinational that has developed its own participative method with strong reliance on internal resources and an intensive pace of change. It outlines how internal change agents orchestrate and implement this change at the level of CHQ—but not without some tradeoffs. While the approach adopted has helped CHQ and the organization to develop news skills and ways of working, at the same time some tradeoffs—such as the pace of change and the exclusion of managers from the consultative process—may have had effects on the implementation of change.
Effect of bio-stimulants foliar applications on growth, yield, and product quality of two Cassava cultivars
Authors: Hassan Nagwa M. K. , Marzouk Neama M. , Fawzy Zakaria F. , Saleh Said A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Cassava is a major staple food crop for the people in tropical and sub-tropical areas, a non-traditional vegetable root crop in Egypt. It has important industrial raw materials for the production of starch, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, and livestock feed. The current study is evaluating two cassava cultivars: American and Brazilian types under three bio-stimulants: glutamine, lysine, and active dry yeast, as foliar applications. Vegetative growth characters, tuber yield, and its quality as well as chemical contents of cassava tubers were evaluated.

Results
The results showed that American cassava cultivar recorded the highest vegetative growth characters (plant height, leaves number, main stems, lateral branches, leaf area, and chlorophyll content), tuber yield (number and weight), and tuber quality (length, diameter, dry matter, and tubers-shoots ratio) as well as chemical composition (starch, total carbohydrates, N, P, and K). The foliar application of glutamine at the rate of 200 mg/L increased vegetative growth characters and tuber yield as well as tuber quality and improved chemical contents of cassava tubers. On the contrary, the lowest values of cassava growth and its productivity as well as chemical composition were associated to Brazilian cultivar when foliar sprayed by yeast at the concentration of 2 g/L.

Conclusion
From this study, it could be concluded that American type of cassava is the most suitable under Egyptian conditions, which ranked the first in all vegetative growth characters, tuber yield, tuber quality, and chemical composition, with foliar sprayed by glutamine at the rate of 200 mg/L.
Multiple atrial premature contractions predict stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and concomitant non-sustained atrial tachycardia
Authors: Cha Jung-Joon , Chung Hyemoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Kim Jong-Youn 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives
Atrial fibrillation is a known risk factor for cryptogenic stroke and therefore requires early detection and prompt management. We investigated predictors of stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and concomitant non-sustained atrial tachycardia but not atrial fibrillation.

Subjects and methods
We investigated 390 patients (219 men, mean age 67 ± 12 years) diagnosed with stroke and non-sustained atrial tachycardia on 24-h Holter monitoring and recorded the total number of atrial premature contractions identified by the Holter monitor. Multiple atrial premature contractions were defined as atrial premature contractions > 34 beats/day. We analyzed the rates of 5-year freedom from stroke recurrence or atrial fibrillation and investigated independent predictors of stroke recurrence and undiagnosed atrial fibrillation.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 35 ± 21 months, and the overall stroke recurrence rate was 9.0%. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that the rate of freedom from stroke recurrence was significantly lower in patients with multiple atrial premature contractions. Also, the patients with multiple atrial premature contractions had higher cumulative incidence rate of new-onset AF (p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis showed that multiple atrial premature contractions (hazard ratio 2.49, 95% confidence interval 1.05–5.88, p = 0.038), cigarette smoking status (hazard ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.15–6.17, p = 0.022), and the left atrial volume index (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.09, p = 0.020) were significantly associated with stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke. However, these factors were not statistically significant predictors of future onset of atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions
Multiple atrial premature contractions were significantly correlated with an increased left atrial volume index, which could predict future onset of atrial fibrillation and stroke recurrence. This study showed that multiple atrial premature contractions predict stroke recurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke without atrial fibrillation.
In silico studies of novel pyrazole-furan and pyrazole-pyrrole carboxamide as fungicides against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Isyaku Yusuf , Uzairu Adamu , Uba Sani 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPyrazole-furan and pyrazole-pyrrole moiety are among the molecular structures that were found to have an extensive range of applications in the field of medicine and agrochemical due to their wide spectrum of biological activities. These include antimicrobial activity, anti-glaucoma activity, ocular hypertension activity, and antifungal activity.ResultsAn in silico study was carried out on 37 compounds of pyrazole-furan and pyrazole-pyrrole carboxamide derivatives againstSclerotinia sclerotiorum. Using Spartan 14 software, optimization of the compounds was performed at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G* quantum mechanical method. PaDEL descriptor software was used to calculate the molecular descriptors, and a Generic Function Approximation (GFA) was employed to generate the model. Out of four models generated, model 1 was found to be the optimal and has the following statistical parameters;R2= 0.83485,R2adj= 0.793563, cross-validatedR2= 0.74037, and externalR2= 0.58479. Molecular docking study was carried out between the antifungal compounds, and the binding site ofS. sclerotiorum(PDB CODE 2X2S) in which compound 7 was identified to have the highest binding energy of − 7.5kcal/mol. This compound “7” has a strong affinity with the macromolecular target point of theS. sclerotiorum(2x2s), producing H-bond and as well as the hydrophobic interaction at target point of the amino acid residue. Considering compound 7 as our scaffold, four (4) more potent compounds (7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d) were designed using optimization method of structure-based designed which have the following docking score, − 7.7, − 7.8, − 7.7, and − 7.7kcal/mol.ConclusionStatistical analyses including variance inflation factor (VIF), mean effect (ME), and applicability domain were conducted on the model. Considering an interpretation of the descriptors given in the discussion, the QSAR model provided an idea of ligand-based design while the molecular docking gave an insight on structure-based design of the new compounds with better activity againstS. sclerotiorumin which four (4) compounds 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d were designed and discovered to be of high quality and have greater binding affinity compared to the one obtained from the literature (compound 7).
Lack of Targetable FGFR2 Fusions in Endemic Fluke-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kongpetch Sarinya , Jusakul Apinya , Lim Jing Quan , Ng Cedric Chuan Young , Chan Jason Yongsheng , Rajasegaran Vikneswari , Lim Tse Hui , Lim Kiat Hon , Choo Su Pin , Dima Simona , Popescu Irinel , Duda Dan G. , Kukongviriyapan Veerapol , Khuntikeo Narong , Pairojkul Chawalit , Rozen Steven G. , Tan Patrick , Teh Bin Tean 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains a disease with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Identification of driver genetic alterations may lead to the discovery of more effective targeted therapies. CCAs harboring FGFR2 fusions have recently demonstrated promising responses to FGFR inhibitors, highlighting their potential relevance as predictive biomarkers. CCA incidence is high in the northeast of Thailand and its neighboring countries because of chronic infection with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov). However, there are currently no available data on the prevalence of FGFR alterations in fluke-associated CCA in endemic countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we performed anchored multiplex polymerase chain reaction target enrichment RNA sequencing of FGFR1-3, validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and Sanger sequencing, in 121 Ov-associated and 95 non–Ov-associated CCA tumors. RESULTS Compared with non–fluke-associated CCA (11/95; 11.6%), FGFR2 fusions were significantly less common in fluke-associated CCA (1/121; 0.8%; P = .0006). All FGFR fusions were detected exclusively in intrahepatic CCAs and were mutually exclusive with KRAS/ERBB2/BRAF/FGFR mutations, pointing to their potential roles as oncogenic drivers. CONCLUSION FGFR2 fusions are rare in fluke-associated CCA, underscoring how distinct etiologies may affect molecular landscapes in tumors and highlighting the need to discover other actionable genomic alterations in endemic fluke-associated CCA.
Age, Diagnostic Category, Tumor Grade, and Mitosis-Karyorrhexis Index Are Independently Prognostic in Neuroblastoma: An INRG Project
Authors: Sokol Elizabeth , Desai Ami V. , Applebaum Mark A. , Valteau-Couanet Dominique , Park Julie R. , Pearson Andrew D.J. , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Irwin Meredith S. , Hogarty Michael , Naranjo Arlene , Volchenboum Samuel , Cohn Susan L. , London Wendy B. 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSEThe Children’s Oncology Group (COG) stratifies the treatment of patients with neuroblastoma on the basis of a combination of biomarkers that include age and tumor histology classified by age-linked International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (INPC) criteria. By definition, this leads to a duplication of the prognostic contribution of age. The individual histologic features underlying the INPC have prognostic strength and are incorporated in the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group classification schema. Here, we analyzed data in the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Data Commons to validate the prognostic strength of the underlying INPC criteria and to determine whether a risk classification devoid of the confounding of age and INPC criteria will identify new prognostic subgroups.PATIENTS AND METHODSEvent-free survival of patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2002 (cohort 1; n = 10,104) and between 2003 and 2016 (cohort 2; n = 8,761) was analyzed. Recursive partitioning with univariate Cox models of event-free survival (“survival tree regression”) was performed using (1) individual INPC criteria (age at diagnosis, histologic category, mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI), grade of differentiation) and (2) factors in (1) plus other COG-risk biomarkers (International Neuroblastoma Staging System [INSS] stage, MYCN status, ploidy).RESULTSThe independent prognostic ability of age, histologic category, MKI, and grade were validated. Four histologic prognostic groups were identified (< 18 months with low v high MKI, and ≥ 18 months with differentiating v undifferentiated/poorly differentiating tumors). Compared with survival trees generated with established COG risk criteria, an additional prognostic subgroup was identified and validated when individual histologic features were analyzed in lieu of INPC.CONCLUSIONReplacing INPC with individual histologic features in the COG risk classification will eliminate confounding, facilitate international harmonization of risk classification, and provide a schema for more precise prognostication and refined therapeutic approaches.
Effects of dexamethasone with sodium chloride load on the nitrite anion content in the rat’s blood serum, heart atria and ventricles
Authors: Sverediuk Yu. A. 
Published: April 2020

The consequence of prolonged treatment with corticosteroids is development of hypertension and metabolic disorders. On the other hand, high levels of sodium chloride in the diet is able to amplify their risks. In a result of that disorders may be development metabolic cardiomyopathy. One of mechanisms that is capable to preventing hypertension and metabolic disorders is nitric oxide system. The research of that system, account short lifetime of the nitric oxide and features its metabolism, can be performed by analysis of nitrite anion (NO2-). It is mainly inactive metabolites in a result of the molecules NO. L-carnitine, as an antioxidant and having the ability to influence to energic metabolism, apoptosis and transcription of DNA may be a promising means for correction disorders in the nitric oxide system. The purpose of our study was to investigate the NO2- levels in the animals serum and heart tissue of both sex for long-term action of dexamethasone in conditions of high concentration of 4 % solution sodium chloride in water and use L-carnitine in order to correction data. The experiment was performed with the use of 96 mature white nonlinear rats. It was established that long-term use and high salt content and especially their combination conduced reduce of the NO2- level in the serum and ventricular myocardium. The high changes dominanced in the males. L-carnitine demonstrates the ability to recover the metabolite level. The characterised changes occur between both sex in animals with intake of usual quantity sodium chloride in water. The usage water with high content of sodium chloride caused more intensive negative changes but the difference between the sex was not as pronounced. The difference of content NO2- in the atria was found only between males and females. The dexamethasone or sodium chloride didn’t exert influence of the NO2- metabolism in that tissue.
Do the Burdens to Being Public Affect the Investment and Innovation of Newly Public Firms?
Authors: Dambra Michael , Gustafson Matthew 
Published: April 2020

We examine how regulatory burdens affect the investment and innovation of newly public firms. To do so, we exploit the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act, which eliminates certain disclosure, auditing, and governance requirements for a subset of newly public firms. Firms treated with these reduced burdens invest more and more efficiently after going public relative to untreated firms. These findings are concentrated in innovative investments and are nonexistent in dual-class firms. Overall, our findings suggest that the burdens to being public exacerbate agency frictions, which lead managers to take on fewer risky projects. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.