bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G9a/GLP-Sensitivity of H3K9me2 Demarcates Two Types of Genomic Compartments
Authors: Yan Zixiang , Ji Luzhang , Huo Xiangru , Wang Qianfeng , Zhang Yuwen , Wen Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the nucleus, chromatin is folded into hierarchical architecture that is tightly linked to various nuclear functions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that confer these architectures remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the functional roles of H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), one of the abundant histone modifications, in three-dimensional (3D) genome organization. Unlike in mouse embryonic stem cells, inhibition of methyltransferases G9a and GLP in differentiated cells eliminated H3K9me2 predominantly at A-type (active) genomic compartments, and the level of residual H3K9me2 modifications was strongly associated with B-type (inactive) genomic compartments. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of G9a/GLP in mouse hepatocytes led to decreased chromatin-nuclear lamina interactions mainly at G9a/GLP-sensitive regions, increased degree of genomic compartmentalization, and up-regulation of hundreds of genes that were associated with alterations of the 3D chromatin. Collectively, our data demonstrated essential roles of H3K9me2 in 3D genome organization.
Reconstruction Test of Turbulence Power Spectra in 3D Wavenumber Space with at Most 9 Virtual Spacecraft Measurements
Authors: Zhang Lei , He Jiansen , Narita Yasuhito , Feng Xueshang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe k‐filtering/wave telescope method has been successfully applied to the 4‐spacecraft measurements from Cluster II and MMS, revealing the four‐dimensional power spectral density (PSD, ω, k). As the number of spacecraft within a constellation increases, the geometry becomes more complicated, and it is harder to find the first‐Brillouin‐like zone, since we cannot use known formulas to calculate the geometry of the zone. To our knowledge, a quantitative study on the aliasing effects as well as the geometry of the first‐Brillouin‐like zone for the constellation with more than 4 spacecraft has not been proposed yet. Herewith we provide a method to estimate and compare the geometry of the first‐Brillouin‐like zone in multispacecraft constellations. The corresponding array of reciprocal lattice in the wavevector space forms the Brillouin zone. We set the preset PSDs conforming to the “slab‐only” and “slab + 2D” patterns as the benchmark, and compare them with the reconstructed PSDs using 4, 5, and 9 virtual spacecraft. Our results validate the estimation of the Brillouin‐like zones. The method may provide a constraint of aliasing effects. Our proposed method may be useful for the design and analysis of future exploration sessions with multispacecraft constellation.
Evidence for Deep Geotemperature Rise and Abyssal Ocean Warming Due to “Human‐Induced” Changes to the Earth's Insulation System
Authors: Mu Yao , Mu Xinzhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing an argument approach and a combination of historical, contemporary data sets, we show that the evidence for deep geotemperature rise and abyssal ocean warming due to “human‐induced” changes to the Earth's insulation system. This warming deepened the soil and sea change and triggered large mass losses from glaciers, resulting in an n times increase in delivery of glacial melt waters, sediment, organic carbon and legacy contaminants to oceans and near certainty of arctic summer ice‐free conditions in the near future. Concomitantly, the energy exchange in the ocean and mechanical structure of the Earth's crust shifted dramatically with declining ice cover and abyssal warming more and more. Everything becomes unpredictable. These changes are unprecedented in nearly a century.
Potential for Electric Vehicle Adoption to Mitigate Extreme Air Quality Events in China
Authors: Schnell J. L. , Peters D. R. , Wong D. C. , Lu X. , Guo H. , Zhang H. , Kinney P. L. , Horton D. E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractElectric vehicle (EV) adoption promises potential air pollutant and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction co‐benefits. As such, China has aggressively incentivized EV adoption, however much remains unknown with regard to EVs’ mitigation potential, including optimal vehicle type prioritization, power generation contingencies, effects of Clean Air regulations, and the ability of EVs to reduce acute impacts of extreme air quality events. Here, we present a suite of scenarios with a chemistry transport model that assess the potential co‐benefits of EVs during an extreme winter air quality event. We find that regardless of power generation source, heavy‐duty vehicle (HDV) electrification consistently improves air quality in terms of NO2 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), potentially avoiding 562 deaths due to acute pollutant exposure during the infamous January 2013 pollution episode (∼1% of total premature mortality). However, HDV electrification does not reduce GHG emissions without enhanced emission‐free electricity generation. In contrast, due to differing emission profiles, light‐duty vehicle (LDV) electrification in China consistently reduces GHG emissions (∼2 Mt CO2), but results in fewer air quality and human health improvements (145 avoided deaths). The calculated economic impacts for human health endpoints and CO2 reductions for LDV electrification are nearly double those of HDV electrification in present‐day (155M vs. 87M US$), but are within ∼25% when enhanced emission‐free generation is used to power them. Overall, we find only a modest benefit for EVs to ameliorate severe wintertime pollution events, and that continued emission reductions in the power generation sector will have the greatest human health and economic benefits.
Drinking Water Quality and Provision in Six Low‐Income, Peri‐Urban Communities of Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Reaver Kristen M. , Levy Jonathan , Nyambe Imasiku , Hay M. Cameron , Mutiti Sam , Chandipo Rodwell , Meiman Joseph 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLusaka, Zambia, is a rapidly growing city located on a vulnerable karstic dolomite aquifer that provides most of the city's drinking water. Over 65% of residents live in peri‐urban communities with inadequate sanitation leading to widespread groundwater contamination and the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera. To fill the water service gap, Water Trusts were created: public/private partnerships designed to provide clean water to peri‐urban community residents. Water Trusts extract groundwater via boreholes, treat it with chlorine, and distribute it to residents via public kiosks. We investigated the efficacy of drinking water provision to residents in six of Lusaka's peri‐urban communities with Water Trusts. Water samples were collected from Water Trust boreholes and kiosks, privately owned boreholes, and shallow wells during four sampling efforts. To assess potential risk to human health, water samples were analyzed for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and nitrate. Shallow wells were significantly more contaminated with E. coli than Water Trust boreholes, kiosks, and private boreholes (Tukey‐adjusted p values of 9.9 × 10−6). Shallow wells and private boreholes had significantly higher nitrate‐N concentrations (mean of 29.6 mg/L) than the Water Trust boreholes and kiosks (mean of 8.8 mg/L) (p value = 1.1 × 10−4). In 2016, a questionnaire was distributed to Water Trust managers to assess their ability to meet demands. In the six communities studied, Water Trusts served only about 60% of their residents. Water Trusts provide a much safer alternative to shallow wells with respect to nitrate and E. coli, but they struggle to keep pace with growing demand.
Variability and Trends of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Drouin Kimberley L. , Lozier M. Susan , Johns William E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that the South Atlantic subtropical gyre has been expanding, shifting poleward, and intensifying. We investigate these possibilities from an observational standpoint by analyzing the seasonal and interannual variability, and the long‐term trends, in sea surface height, steric height, and ocean mass. For our analysis, we employ satellite altimetry from AVISO (1993–2018), steric height fields reconstructed from the Roemmich‐Gilson Argo Climatology (2004–2016), and ocean mass fields from GRACE (2002–2019). Seasonal variabilities in the gyre position and size are influenced by the positions of the northern and eastern boundaries, as well as the Brazil‐Malvinas Confluence. The gyre strength follows the seasonal heating and cooling of the upper ocean and is largely influenced by variability in the sea surface height gyre maximum. Variability in the ocean mass is driven by the wind stress curl and out of phase with the steric signal. Interannual changes to the southern boundary and strength of the gyre are related to the wind stress curl. We find a significant southward migration of the southern gyre boundary but no trends in the gyre size or gyre strength from 1993 to 2018.
Rare genetic variants in the gene encoding histone lysine demethylase 4C (KDM4C) and their contributions to susceptibility to schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kato Hidekazu , Kushima Itaru , Mori Daisuke , Yoshimi Akira , Aleksic Branko , Nawa Yoshihiro , Toyama Miho , Furuta Sho , Yu Yanjie , Ishizuka Kanako , Kimura Hiroki , Arioka Yuko , Tsujimura Keita , Morikawa Mako , Okada Takashi , Inada Toshiya , Nakatochi Masahiro , Shinjo Keiko , Kondo Yutaka , Kaibuchi Kozo , Funabiki Yasuko , Kimura Ryo , Suzuki Toshimitsu , Yamakawa Kazuhiro , Ikeda Masashi , Iwata Nakao , Takahashi Tsutomu , Suzuki Michio , Okahisa Yuko , Takaki Manabu , Egawa Jun , Someya Toshiyuki , Ozaki Norio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDysregulation of epigenetic processes involving histone methylation induces neurodevelopmental impairments and has been implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Variants in the gene encoding lysine demethylase 4C (KDM4C) have been suggested to confer a risk for such disorders. However, rare genetic variants in KDM4C have not been fully evaluated, and the functional impact of the variants has not been studied using patient-derived cells. In this study, we conducted copy number variant (CNV) analysis in a Japanese sample set (2605 SCZ and 1141 ASD cases, and 2310 controls). We found evidence for significant associations between CNVs in KDM4C and SCZ (p = 0.003) and ASD (p = 0.04). We also observed a significant association between deletions in KDM4C and SCZ (corrected p = 0.04). Next, to explore the contribution of single nucleotide variants in KDM4C, we sequenced the coding exons in a second sample set (370 SCZ and 192 ASD cases) and detected 18 rare missense variants, including p.D160N within the JmjC domain of KDM4C. We, then, performed association analysis for p.D160N in a third sample set (1751 SCZ and 377 ASD cases, and 2276 controls), but did not find a statistical association with these disorders. Immunoblotting analysis using lymphoblastoid cell lines from a case with KDM4C deletion revealed reduced KDM4C protein expression and altered histone methylation patterns. In conclusion, this study strengthens the evidence for associations between KDM4C CNVs and these two disorders and for their potential functional effect on histone methylation patterns.
HDAC8-dependent deacetylation of PKM2 directs nuclear localization and glycolysis to promote proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Ruixue , Shen Mengqin , Wu Chunhua , Chen Yumei , Lu Jiani , Li Jiajin , Zhao Li , Meng Huannan , Zhou Xiang , Huang Gang , Zhao Xiaoping , Liu Jianjun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is not only a key rate-limiting enzyme that guides glycolysis, but also acts as a non-metabolic protein in regulating gene transcription. In recent years, a series of studies have confirmed that post-translational modification has become an important mechanism for regulating the function of PKM2, which in turn affects tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that K62 residues were deacetylated, which is related to the prognosis of HCC. Further studies indicate that HDAC8 binds and deacetylates the K62 residue of PKM2. Mechanistically, K62 deacetylation facilitate PKM2 transport into the nucleus and bind β-catenin, thereby promoting CCND1 gene transcription and cell cycle progression. In addition, the deacetylation of K62 affects the enzyme activity of PKM2 and the flux of glucose metabolism. Therefore, these results suggest that HDAC8 / PKM2 signaling may become a new target for the treatment of HCC.
Autocrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling aids development of acquired drug resistance in Group 3 medulloblastoma
Authors: Sreenivasan Lakshana , Wang Hui , Yap Shyong Quin , Leclair Pascal , Tam Anthony , Lim Chinten James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is a high-grade pediatric brain malignancy that originates from neuronal precursors located in the posterior cranial fossa. In this study, we evaluated the role of STAT3 and IL-6 in a tumor microenvironment mediated drug resistance in human MBs. We established that the Group 3 MB cell line, Med8A, is chemosensitive (hence Med8A-S), and this is correlated with a basal low phosphorylated state of STAT3, while treatment with IL-6 induced robust increases in pY705-STAT3. Via incremental selection with vincristine, we derived the stably chemoresistant variant, Med8A-R, that exhibited multi-drug resistance, enhanced IL-6 induced pY705-STAT3 levels, and increased IL6R expression. Consequently, abrogation of STAT3 or IL6R expression in Med8A-R led to restored chemosensitivity to vincristine, highlighting a prominent role for canonical IL-6/STAT3 signaling in acquired drug resistance. Furthermore, Med8A-S subjected to conditioning exposure with IL-6, termed Med8A-IL6+ cells, exhibited enhanced vincristine resistance, increased expression of pY705-STAT3 and IL6R, and increased secretion of IL-6. When cocultured with Med8A-IL6+ cells, Med8A-S cells exhibited increased pY705-STAT3 and increased IL-6 secretion, suggesting a cytokine feedback loop responsible for amplifying STAT3 activity. Similar IL-6 induced phenomena were also observed in the Group 3 MB cell lines, D283 and D341, including increased pY705-STAT3, drug resistance, IL-6 secretion and IL6R expression. Our study unveiled autocrine IL-6 as a promoter of STAT3 signaling in development of drug resistance, and suggests therapeutic benefits for targeting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling axis in Group 3 MBs.
BMP signaling is a therapeutic target in ovarian cancer
Authors: Fukuda Tomohiko , Fukuda Risa , Tanabe Ryo , Koinuma Daizo , Koyama Hiroo , Hashizume Yoshinobu , Moustakas Aristidis , Miyazono Kohei , Heldin Carl-Henrik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBMP signaling has been found to have tumor-promoting as well as tumor-suppressing effects in different types of tumors. In this study, we investigated the effects of BMP signaling and of BMP inhibitors on ovarian cancer (OC) cells in vitro and in vivo. High expression of BMP receptor 2 (BMPR2) correlated with poor overall survival of OC patients in the TCGA dataset. Both BMP2 and BMPR2 enhanced OC cell proliferation, whereas BMP receptor kinase inhibitors inhibited OC cell growth in cell culture as well as in a mouse model. BMP2 also augmented sphere formation, migration, and invasion of OC cells, and induced EMT. High BMP2 expression was observed after chemotherapy of OC patients in the GSE109934 dataset. In accordance, carboplatin, used for the treatment of OC patients, increased BMP2 secretion from OC cells, and induced EMT partially via activation of BMP signaling. Our data suggest that BMP signaling has tumor-promoting effects in OC, and that BMP inhibitors might be useful therapeutic agents for OC patients. Considering that carboplatin treatment augmented BMP2 secretion, the possibility to use a combination of BMP inhibitors and carboplatin in the treatment of OC patients, would be worth exploring.
Novel pilot protection scheme for line‐commutated converter high voltage direct current transmission lines based on behaviour of characteristic harmonic impedances
Authors: Dehghan Marvasti Farzad , Mirzaei Ahmad , Hamedani Golshan Mohamad Esmail 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransient behaviour of high‐voltage direct current transmission lines under direct current faults can be easily affected by many factors, namely, fault location, fault resistance and transmission line length. In order to design a suitable protective scheme, the impact of these factors should be thoroughly investigated. An impedance‐based analysis is more suitable in evaluating high‐voltage direct current system behaviour during direct current line faults, and consequently, in comparison to similar harmonic current or voltage‐based schemes, a characteristic harmonic impedance‐based protection is more capable in fault detection. Therefore, this paper presents a novel pilot protection method for line‐commutated converter based high‐voltage direct current transmission lines, which relies on continuous monitoring of characteristic harmonic impedances. The proposed method can accurately calculate location of faults along the line, and estimate additional valuable information, such as fault resistance. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated by a wide range of fault scenarios using the CIGRE high‐voltage direct current benchmark model, simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC and codes written in MATLAB software environments. It will be shown that the proposed protection method sounds promising, and can serve as an excellent backup option in the case of primary protection malfunction.
Fibrous and flexible electrodes comprising hierarchical nanostructure graphene for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Wang Qian 
Published: December 2020

Flexible electrodes have important potential applications in energy storage of multi‐functional portable electronic devices because of their powerful structural properties. Here, fibrous and flexible electrodes comprising hierarchical nanostructure graphene for use in advanced supercapacitors have been fabricated with an electrochemical deposition method in one step. Excellent electrochemical performance of the fibrous and flexible nanostructure material was achieved, with the areal capacitance of 48.83 mF cm−2, according to the galvanostatic charge/discharge analysis at a current density of 0.199 mA cm−2. The electrodes also showed a good cycle performance, with 91.2% of the original capacity retained after 4000 cycles. Such electrodes may provide new design opportunities for wearable electronics and energy storage applications.
Atemwegsmanagement im Rettungsdienst
Authors: Michael Mark , Tautz Juliane , Sensen Frank , Bernhard Michael 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenhangIm Einsatzspektrum des professionellen Rettungsdienstes stellen Atemwegsnotfälle („A-Probleme“) einen seltenen, respiratorische Notfälle („B-Probleme“) hingegen einen häufigen Einsatzgrund dar. Die Vorhaltung entsprechenden Materials, Schulung und regelmäßiges Training, die Etablierung von SOPs und gelebtes Teamwork sind wesentliche Aspekte für ein erfolgreiches Atemwegsmanagement, für das die S1-Leitlinie „Prähospitales Atemwegsmanagement“ einen praktischen Leitfaden bietet.
Bestimmung von Sexualsteroiden in abgestoßener Haut der Gila-Krustenechse (Heloderma suspectum)
Authors: Schuler Gerhard , Feller Sabine , Schwandt Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Die Messung in Hautanhangsgebilden wie Haaren oder Klauen bei Säugern oder in Federn bei Vögeln wird zur nicht invasiven Bestimmung von Steroidhormonen angewendet. Ziel dieser Arbeit war, in einer Pilotstudie an der Gila-Krustenechse zu testen, ob die Messung von Sexualsteroiden in abgeschilferter Haut bei Reptilien zur Erfassung der endokrinen Gonadenfunktion bzw. zur Geschlechtsbestimmung eingesetzt werden kann.
Material und Methoden Für die Untersuchungen standen abgestoßene Häute von 11 weiblichen und 7 männlichen adulten, geschlechtsreifen Tieren zur Verfügung. Große Hautstücke wurden zunächst mit einer Schere zerkleinert, unter flüssigem Stickstoff fein zermörsert und die Proben schließlich mit organischen Lösungsmitteln extrahiert. Die folgenden Parameter wurden in den getrockneten und rückgelösten Extrakten radioimmunologisch bestimmt: Progesteron (P4), Estradiol-17β (E2), Testosteron (T), freie Gesamtöstrogene (fGÖ) sowie freie plus konjugierte Gesamtöstrogene (fkGÖ).
Ergebnisse Für P4 (p = 0,0052) und E2 (p = 0,0079) wurden signifikante Geschlechtsunterschiede mit höheren Konzentrationen bei weiblichen im Vergleich zu männlichen Tieren gefunden. Unerwarteterweise ergaben sich bei weiblichen Tieren auch signifikant (p = 0,0232) höhere T-Messwerte als bei männlichen, wobei die Konzentrationen insgesamt nur geringfügig über der Nachweisgrenze lagen. Im Vergleich zu fGÖ waren die Konzentrationen an fkGÖ nur geringgradig höher und zwischen den beiden Geschlechtern bestanden keine signifikanten Unterschiede.
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Auch wenn die in dieser Pilotstudie angewendeten Methoden aufgrund von Überlappungen zwischen den Geschlechtern weder allein noch in Kombination eine zuverlässige Geschlechtsbestimmung bei einzelnen Tieren erlaubten, könnte die Messung von Sexualsteroiden in abgestoßenen Häuten grundsätzlich eine nützliche Methode für die nicht invasive Geschlechtsbestimmung oder die Erfassung der endokrinen Gonadenfunktion bei bestimmten Reptilienarten sein.
Food antigen-specific IgE in dogs with suspected food hypersensitivity
Authors: Baumann Sandra A. , Fritz Cornelius , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective Knowledge of cross-reactions in food-sensitive dogs will influence the choice of elimination diets and the long-term management of those patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate food allergen-specific IgE tests of suspected allergic dogs for concurrent positive reactions as possible evidence for cross reactions between allergens.Material and methods Results of serum IgE tests from 760 suspected allergic dogs submitted to 2 laboratories were evaluated statistically. After the tested allergens were grouped by their phylogenetic relationship, odds ratios as well as a sensitivity analysis of the odds ratios were performed to evaluate if concurrent positive IgE results to 2 allergens occurred more often than expected.Results Within related allergen pairs 27% (laboratory 1) and 72% (laboratory 2) of the pairs could be considered as associated. For the unrelated allergen pairs only 6.8% and 10.6% of the analyzed pairs were considered associated respectively. Strong correlations were shown in the group of ruminant allergens, especially beef and lamb, and grain allergens. High rates of concurrent reactions were also detected in the poultry group, especially between chicken and duck, as well as between pork and ruminant allergens, and soy and grain allergens.Conclusion As our results showed not only correlations within related but also between non-related allergens, the possible relevance of carbohydrate moieties as well as panallergens for canine hypersensitivities warrants further study. Further investigations are necessary to distinguish co-sensitization from cross-reactions and determine the clinical relevance of food-specific IgE reactivity.Clinical relevance Due to possible cross reactivity related allergens, especially beef and lamb as well as grain allergens, should not be used for an elimination diet to avoid false results.