bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Student Pharmacists’ Clinical Interventions by Semester During APPE Internal Medicine and Critical Care Rotations
Authors: Casey Molly R. , Smith Susan M. , Griffiths Carrie L. 
Published: July 2020

Background: Students contribute to health care through clinical interventions made during rotations. Previous studies assessed student interventions through cost savings instead of student progression throughout the year. Objective: The purpose of this project is to assess clinical interventions made by student pharmacists completing internal medicine and critical care rotations during their Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPE) year to determine whether there is a difference in the number and type of interventions between three 3-block rotations, rotation type, and participation in a concentrated learning experience. Methods: Student clinical interventions from 2013 to 2018 were collected. Interventions were organized into categories and subcategories. The primary end point was the difference in the number of interventions between rotation blocks 1 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 9. Secondary objectives compared interventions based on rotation type and participation in a concentrated learning experience. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact tests were conducted. Results: A total of 848 interventions were analyzed. Average student interventions were 39 in blocks 1 to 3, 18 in blocks 4 to 6, and 62 in blocks 7 to 9. Interventions were significantly above the median for students in blocks 1 to 3 and blocks 7 to 9 compared to blocks 4 to 6 ( P = .048 and P = .036), respectively. Interventions were significantly above the median for students completing critical care rotations ( P = .03). No significant difference was noted in the number of interventions above the median based on participation in a concentrated learning experience ( P = .34). Conclusions: Although a difference exists in the number of interventions made during 3 semesters, more research is needed to assess the relationship of rotation block, student program, and rotation type to intervention number.
Hydrogen Peroxide 40% for the Treatment of Seborrheic Keratoses
Authors: Funkhouser Colton H. , Coerdt Kathleen M. , Haidari Wasim , Cardis Michael A. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Hydrogen peroxide 40% (HP40) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for topical treatment of seborrheic keratosis (SK) in December 2017. This article will review phase II and III clinical trials to assess the drug’s efficacy, safety, and clinical application. Data Sources: A systematic literature review was performed using the terms “Eskata AND seborrheic keratosis,” and “hydrogen peroxide AND seborrheic keratosis” in the OVID MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. ClinicalTrials.gov was searched to identify ongoing or nonpublished studies. Study Selection and Data Abstraction: Articles written in English between January 2000 and mid-June 2020 discussing phase II and phase III clinical trials were evaluated. Data Synthesis: In 2 phase III clinical trials, 4% and 8% of patients treated with HP40 had a Physician Lesion Assessment score of zero for all 4 SKs, respectively, compared with 0% in both vehicle groups at the primary end point of day 106 ( P < 0.01; P < 0.0001). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: HP40, although less effective, has a better safety profile than other treatment options. It should be especially considered for treatment of facial SKs, where it is most efficacious and where other treatment modalities, such as cryotherapy, are more challenging. Conclusions: HP40 is a new, safe alternative treatment for SKs, although it is expensive and only modestly effective, both of which somewhat limit its overall utility. HP40 is a promising topical alternative, particularly for cosmetically sensitive locations, such as the face.
Escher-Trace: a web application for pathway-based visualization of stable isotope tracing data
Authors: Kumar Avi , Mitchener Jack , King Zachary A. , Metallo Christian M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Stable isotope tracing has become an invaluable tool for probing the metabolism of biological systems. However, data analysis and visualization from metabolic tracing studies often involve multiple software packages and lack pathway architecture. A deep understanding of the metabolic contexts from such datasets is required for biological interpretation. Currently, there is no single software package that allows researchers to analyze and integrate stable isotope tracing data into annotated or custom-built metabolic networks.

Results
We built a standalone web-based software, Escher-Trace, for analyzing tracing data and communicating results. Escher-Trace allows users to upload baseline corrected mass spectrometer (MS) tracing data and correct for natural isotope abundance, generate publication quality graphs of metabolite labeling, and present data in the context of annotated metabolic pathways. Here we provide a detailed walk-through of how to incorporate and visualize 13C metabolic tracing data into the Escher-Trace platform.

Conclusions
Escher-Trace is an open-source software for analysis and interpretation of stable isotope tracing data and is available at https://escher-trace.github.io/.
RNA-Seq transcriptome reveals different molecular responses during human and mouse oocyte maturation and fertilization
Authors: Zhao Zheng-Hui , Meng Tie-Gang , Li Ang , Schatten Heide , Wang Zhen-Bo , Sun Qing-Yuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Female infertility is a worldwide concern and the etiology of infertility has not been thoroughly demonstrated. Although the mouse is a good model system to perform functional studies, the differences between mouse and human also need to be considered. The objective of this study is to elucidate the different molecular mechanisms underlying oocyte maturation and fertilization between human and mouse.

Results
A comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes and associated biological processes between human and mouse oocytes. In total, 8513 common genes, as well as 15,165 and 6126 uniquely expressed genes were detected in human and mouse MII oocytes, respectively. Additionally, the ratios of non-homologous genes in human and mouse MII oocytes were 37 and 8%, respectively. Functional categorization analysis of the human MII non-homologous genes revealed that cAMP-mediated signaling, sister chromatid cohesin, and cell recognition were the major enriched biological processes. Interestingly, we couldn’t detect any GO categories in mouse non-homologous genes.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that human and mouse oocytes exhibit significant differences in gene expression profiles during oocyte maturation, which probably deciphers the differential molecular responses to oocyte maturation and fertilization. The significant differences between human and mouse oocytes limit the generalizations from mouse to human oocyte maturation. Knowledge about the limitations of animal models is crucial when exploring a complex process such as human oocyte maturation and fertilization.
Genome-wide epigenetic analyses in Japanese immigrant plantation workers with Parkinson’s disease and exposure to organochlorines reveal possible involvement of glial genes and pathways involved in neurotoxicity
Authors: Go Rodney C. P. , Corley Michael J. , Ross G. Webster , Petrovitch Helen , Masaki Kamal H. , Maunakea Alika K. , He Qimei , Tiirikainen Maarit I. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disease of the central nervous system that progressively affects the motor system. Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that exposure to agriculture-related occupations or agrichemicals elevate a person’s risk for PD. Here, we sought to examine the possible epigenetic changes associated with working on a plantation on Oahu, HI and/or exposure to organochlorines (OGC) in PD cases.

Results
We measured genome-wide DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip array in matched peripheral blood and postmortem brain biospecimens in PD cases (n = 20) assessed for years of plantation work and presence of organochlorines in brain tissue. The comparison of 10+ to 0 years of plantation work exposure detected 7 and 123 differentially methylated loci (DML) in brain and blood DNA, respectively (p < 0.0001). The comparison of cases with 4+ to 0–2 detectable levels of OGCs, identified 8 and 18 DML in brain and blood DNA, respectively (p < 0.0001). Pathway analyses revealed links to key neurotoxic and neuropathologic pathways related to impaired immune and proinflammatory responses as well as impaired clearance of damaged proteins, as found in the predominantly glial cell population in these environmental exposure-related PD cases.

Conclusions
These results suggest that distinct DNA methylation biomarker profiles related to environmental exposures in PD cases with previous exposure can be found in both brain and blood.
Rescue therapy with rifabutin regimen for refractory Helicobacter pylori infection with dual drug-resistant strains
Authors: Kuo Chia-Jung , Lin Cheng-Yu , Le Puo-Hsien , Chang Pi-Yueh , Lai Chih-Ho , Lin Wey-Ran , Chang Ming-Ling , Hsu Jun-Te , Cheng Hao-Tsai , Tseng Chi-Nan , Lin Chun-Jung , Su Ming-Yao , Hsieh Sen-Yung , Chiu Cheng-Tang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
There is no current standard rescue treatment for dual drug-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of rifabutin-based triple therapy for patients infected with dual drug-resistant strains to clarithromycin and levofloxacin.

Methods
After 2 or 3 H. pylori treatment failures, patients underwent upper endoscopy with tissue biopsies. Phenotypic and genotypic resistances were determined using agar dilution test and polymerase chain reaction with direct sequencing, respectively. Patients infected with dual drug-resistant (clarithromycin and levofloxacin) strains and receiving rifabutin-based triple therapy (rifabutin 150 mg bid, amoxicillin 1 g bid and esomeprazole 40 mg bid for 10 days) were enrolled. Eradication status was determined by 13C-urea breath test 4 weeks after treatment completion.

Results
A total of 39 patients infected with dual drug-resistant strains were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 55.9 years. The eradication rate was 79.5% (31/39) (95% confidence intervals: 54.96% ~ 111.40%). Adverse event was reported in 23.1% (9/39) of patients but they were mild and tolerable. In univariate analysis, no factor was identified as an independent predictor of eradication failure.

Conclusions
Our current study demonstrated that rifabutin-based triple therapy was well tolerated and yielded an acceptable eradication rate for patients infected with dual drug-resistant strains of H. pylori.
Third follow-up of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) cohort investigating determinants of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial wellbeing among the oldest old: the CAIDE85+ study protocol
Authors: Barbera Mariagnese , Kulmala Jenni , Lisko Inna , Pietilä Eija , Rosenberg Anna , Hallikainen Ilona , Hallikainen Merja , Laatikainen Tiina , Lehtisalo Jenni , Neuvonen Elisa , Rusanen Minna , Soininen Hilkka , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Ngandu Tiia , Solomon Alina , Kivipelto Miia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The oldest old is the fastest growing age group worldwide and the most prone to severe disability, especially in relation to loss of cognitive function. Improving our understanding of the predictors of cognitive, physical and psychosocial wellbeing among the oldest old can result in substantial benefits for the individuals and for the society as a whole.
The Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study investigated risk factors and determinants of cognitive impairment in a population-based longitudinal cohort, which was first examined between 1972 and 1992, when individuals were in their midlife, and re-assessed in 1998 and 2005–2009. Most of the study participants are currently aged 85 years or older. We aim to re-examine the cohort’s survivors and gain further insights on the mechanisms underlying both cognitive and overall healthy ageing at old age.

Methods
CAIDE85+ is the third follow-up of the CAIDE study participants. All individuals still alive and living in the Kuopio and Joensuu areas of Eastern Finland, from the original CAIDE cohort (two random samples, N = 2000 + ~ 900), will be invited to a re-examination. The assessment includes self-reported data related to basic demographics and lifestyle, as well as psychosocial and physical health status. Cognitive and physical evaluations are also conducted. Blood biomarkers relevant for dementia and ageing are assessed.
Primary outcomes are the measurements related to cognition and daily life functioning (CERAD, Trail Making Test-A, Letter-Digit Substitution Test, Clinical Dementia Rating and Activities of Daily Living). Secondary endpoints of the study are outcomes related to physical health status, psychosocial wellbeing, as well as age-related health indicators.

Discussion
Through a follow-up of more than 40 years, CAIDE85+ will provide invaluable information on the risk and protective factors that contribute to cognitive and physical health, as well as ageing and longevity.

Study registration
The present study protocol has been registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (registration nr NCT03938727, date 03.05.2019).
Farnesoid X receptor as marker of osteotropism of breast cancers through its role in the osteomimetism of tumor cells
Authors: Absil L. , Journé F. , Larsimont D. , Body J. J. , Tafforeau L. , Nonclercq D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The skeleton is the first and most common distant metastatic site for breast cancer. Such metastases complicate cancer management, inducing considerable morbidities and decreasing patient survival. Osteomimetism is part of the complex process of osteotropism of breast cancer cells. Recent data indicate that Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is involved in the transformation and progression of breast cancer.

Methods
The expression of FXR, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone proteins were evaluated on two tumor cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blotting and quantified.

Results
In a series of 81 breast cancer patients who developed distant metastases, we found a strong correlation between FXR expression in primary breast tumors and the development of bone metastases, especially in patients with histological grade 3 tumors. In in vitro studies, FXR activation by Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) increased the expression of numerous bone proteins. FXR inhibition by lithocholic acid and z-guggulsterone decreased bone protein expression. Short Hairpin RNA (ShRNA) against FXR validated the involvement of FXR in the osteomimetism of breast cancer cells.

Conclusion
Our experimental results point to a relationship between the expression of FXR in breast cancer cells and the propensity of these tumor cells to develop bone metastases. FXR induces the expression of RUNX2 which itself causes the synthesis of bone proteins by tumor cells.
Adjuvant Transarterial chemoembolization does not influence recurrence-free or overall survival in patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Liu Wei-Ren , Tian Meng-Xin , Tao Chen-Yang , Tang Zheng , Zhou Yu-Fu , Song Shu-Shu , Jiang Xi-Fei , Wang Han , Zhou Pei-Yun , Qu Wei-Feng , Fang Yuan , Ding Zhen-Bin , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Shi Ying-Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The prognosis of patients with combined hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is usually poor, and effective adjuvant therapy is missing making it important to investigate whether these patients may benefit from adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of adjuvant TACE for long-term recurrence and survival after curative resection before and after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.

Methods
In this retrospective study, of 230 patients who underwent resection for CHC between January 1994 and December 2014, 46 (18.0%) patients received adjuvant TACE. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the independent predictive factors of survival. Cox regression analyses and log-rank tests were used to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between patients who did or did not receive adjuvant TACE.

Results
A total of 230 patients (mean age 52.2 ± 11.9 years; 172 men) were enrolled, and 46 (mean age 52.7 ± 11.1 years; 38 men) patients received TACE. Before PSM, in multivariate regression analysis, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), tumour nodularity, macrovascular invasion (MVI), lymphoid metastasis, and extrahepatic metastasis were associated with OS. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MVI, lymphoid metastasis, and preventive TACE (HR: 2.763, 95% CI: 1.769–4.314, p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for DFS. PSM created 46 pairs of patients. Before PSM, adjuvant preventive TACE was not associated with an increased risk of OS (HR: 0.911, 95% CI: 0.545–1.520, p = 0.720) or DFS (HR: 3.345, 95% CI: 1.686–6.638, p = 0.001). After PSM, the 5-year OS and DFS rates were comparable in the TACE group and the non-TACE group (OS: 22.7% vs 14.9%, respectively, p = 0.75; DFS: 11.2% vs 14.4%, respectively, p = 0.06).

Conclusions
The present study identified that adjuvant preventive TACE did not influence DFS or OS after curative resection of CHC.
‘We all have the same right to have health services’: a case study of Namati’s legal empowerment program in Mozambique
Authors: Schaaf Marta , Falcao Joana , Feinglass Ellie , Kitchell Erin , Gomes Nadja , Freedman Lynn 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Legal empowerment and social accountability are two strategies that are increasingly used to address gaps in healthcare in low- and middle-income countries, including failure to provide services that should be available and poor clinical and interpersonal quality of care. This paper is an explanatory case study of a legal empowerment effort that employs community paralegals and trains Village Health Committees (VHCs) in Mozambique. The research objective was to explore how community paralegals solved cases, the impact paralegals had on health services, and how their work affected the relationship between the community and the health sector at the local level.

Methods
The case study had two components: (1) a retrospective review of 24 cases of patient/community grievances about the health system, and (2) qualitative investigation of the program and program context. The case reviews were accomplished by conducting structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) with those directly involved in the case. The qualitative investigation entailed semi-structured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with district, provincial, and national health managers and Namati staff. In addition, focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with Health Advocates and VHC members.

Results
Case resolution conferred a sense of empowerment to clients, brought immediate, concrete improvements in health service quality at the health facilities concerned, and seemingly instigated a virtuous circle of rights-claiming. The program also engendered incipient improvements in relations between clients and the health system. We identified three key mechanisms underlying case resolution, including: bolstered administrative capacity within the health sector, reduced transaction and political costs for health providers, and provider fear of administrative sanction.

Conclusions
This study contributes to the limited literature regarding the mechanisms of legal empowerment case resolution in health systems and the impact of hybrid legal empowerment and social accountability approaches. Future research might assess the sustainability of case resolution; how governance at central, provincial, and district level is affected by similar programs; and to what extent the mix of different cases addressed by legal empowerment influences the success of the program.
Three-dimensional printing of patient-specific plates for the treatment of acetabular fractures involving quadrilateral plate disruption
Authors: Wang Canbin , Chen Yuhui , Wang Liping , Wang Di , Gu Cheng , Lin Xuezhi , Liu Han , Chen Jiahui , Wen Xiangyuan , Liu Yuancheng , Huang Fuming , Yao Lufeng , Fan Shicai , Huang Wenhua , Dong Jianghui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundComplicated acetabular fractures comprise the most challenging field for orthopedists. The purpose of this study was to develop three-dimensional printed patient-specific (3DPPS) Ti-6Al-4 V plates to treat complicated acetabular fractures involving quadrilateral plate (QLP) disruption and to evaluate their efficacy.MethodsFifty patients with acetabular fractures involving QLP disruption were selected between January 2016 and June 2017. Patients were divided into a control group (Group A, 35 patients) and an experimental group (Group B, 15 patients), and were treated by the conventional method of shaping reconstruction plates or with 3DPPS Ti-6AL-4 V plates, respectively. The efficacy of Ti-6AL-4 V plates was evaluated by blood loss, operative time, reduction quality, postoperative residual displacement, and complications.ResultsThe operative time and blood loss in Group B were reduced compared to Group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in reduction quality between the two groups (P > 0.05). Reduction quality in Group B was anatomic in 10 (66.7%), satisfactory in four (26.7%), and poor in one (6.7%). In Group A, they were anatomic in 18 (51.4%), satisfactory in 13 (37.1%), and poor in four (11.4%). Residual displacement in Group B was less than that in Group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In Group B, one case exhibited loosening of the pubic screw postoperatively. In Group A, there was one case of wound infection, one of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the ipsilateral lower limb, one case of traumatic arthritis and two obturator nerve injuries.ConclusionsThe 3DPPS Ti-6AL-4 V plate is a feasible, accurate and effective implant for acetabular fracture treatment.