bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Tribological Behavior of Hf-Based Bulk Metallic Glass and Crystalline Alloys
Authors: Abad M.D. , Browne D.J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The use of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) as advanced materials for many applications is attractive, due to their improved mechanical performance over their crystalline counterparts: typically providing higher strength and hardness. Hafnium-based alloys of two similar compositions were prepared by arc melting and suction casting to produce 6-mm-diameter cast rods of an amorphous alloy and a crystalline one. The selected compositions were Hf48Cu29Ni10Al13 (amorphous) and Hf58Cu20Ni16Ti6 (crystalline), as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The hardness of the amorphous alloy was higher than that of the crystalline one. A detailed study of their tribological behavior was carried out, using a pin-on-disc wear tester, with tungsten carbide counterface balls. There were no statistically significant differences in friction coefficient or wear-rates between the two materials tested. Adherence of material from the tested alloy to the ball, and vice versa, were detected. No changes to the crystallinity of the bulk samples were induced by the wear process, as determined by X-ray diffraction. However, amorphous debris were obtained from both samples, indicating the possibility of local vitrification of particles detached from the crystalline alloy and confirming thermal stability of the amorphous alloy.
A Multi-domain Approach to the Stabilization of Electrodynamic Levitation Systems
Authors: Galluzzi Renato , Circosta Salvatore , Amati Nicola , Tonoli Andrea , Bonfitto Angelo , Lembke Torbjörn A. , Kertész Milan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Hyperloop transportation system paradigm has gained increasing attention in the last years due to its potential advantages in technology, territory, and infrastructure. From an engineering point of view, it would lead to fast, safe, efficient transportation of passengers and cargo. The stability of the electrodynamic levitation system represents a key enabling aspect of Hyperloop. In this context, the state of the art presents numerous attempts to stabilize these systems without definitive guidelines on how to attain proper, stable behavior. Furthermore, research has provided extensive literature in the context of electrodynamic bearings, which requires proper interpretation and generalization into the translational domain. In this paper, we address the stabilization of levitation systems by reproducing the strong interaction between the electrodynamic phenomenon and the mechanical domain. A novel lumped-parameter model with a multiple-branch circuit is proposed and tuned through finite-element simulations to replicate the electrodynamic behavior. The multi-domain equations are linearized and the unstable nature of the levitation system is identified and discussed. Then, a suitable method to add damping and optimize stability is studied. Finally, the linearized model is compared with the nonlinear representation to validate the followed approach.
Heat Transfer Coefficient Augmentation for a Shaped Film Cooling Hole at a Range of Compound Angles
Authors: Haydt Shane , Lynch Stephen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Film cooling holes with shaped diffusers are used to efficiently deliver coolant to the surface of a gas turbine part to keep metal temperatures low. Reducing the heat flux into a component, relative to a case with no coolant injection, is the ultimate goal of film cooling. This reduction in heat flux is primarily achieved via a lower driving temperature at the wall for convection, represented by the adiabatic effectiveness. Another important consideration, however, is how the disturbance to the flowfield and thermal field caused by the injection of coolant augments the heat transfer coefficient. The present study examines the spatially resolved heat transfer coefficient augmentation, measured using a constant heat flux foil and infrared (IR) thermography, for a shaped film cooling hole at a range of compound angles. Results show that the heat transfer coefficient increases with the compound angle and the blowing ratio. Due to the unique asymmetric flowfield of a compound angle hole, a significant amount of augmentation occurs to the side of the film cooling jet, where the very little coolant is present. This causes local regions of increased heat flux, which is counter to the goal of film cooling. Heat transfer results are compared with adiabatic effectiveness and flowfield measurements from a previous study.
Simulation of a Set of Lithium-Ion Batteries With Composite Phase Change Materials and Heating Films Thermal Management System at Low Temperature
Authors: Tian Dongbo , Liu Weijun , Zhang Shuhua , Liu Yuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Two different kinds of composite phase change materials (PCMs)—a high thermal conductive 80 wt% paraffin wax (PW)/expanded graphite (EG) composite and a 75 wt% PW/silica aerogel (SA) with a low thermal conductivity—are prepared and they characterized the thermophysical parameters. Then, a numerical model of battery pack based on composite phase change materials coupled with polyimide (PI) electric heating films is established at −20 °C. The temperature of monitoring points set in model and maximum and minimum temperature of the batteries in the pack are measured during discharge at 1C and 2C. By comparing the battery pack filled with PW/EG composite and the pack consisting of PW/SA composite, we intend to choose an appropriate one of the two composite PCMs to improve the lithium-ion batteries performance at low temperature. The results indicate that in spite of a good heating performance in heating process, the PW/SA composite induces an even higher temperature difference over the battery pack. Although PW/EG composite causes a large temperature difference at the end of heating film heating, it can quickly restore the uniformity of the battery pack. The PW/EG composite plays a more important role in improving the performance of the lithium-ion batteries at low temperature.
Mitigating Scattering Effects in Light-Based Three-Dimensional Printing Using Machine Learning
Authors: You Shangting , Guan Jiaao , Alido Jeffrey , Hwang Henry H. , Yu Ronald , Kwe Leilani , Su Hao , Chen Shaochen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
When using light-based three-dimensional (3D) printing methods to fabricate functional micro-devices, unwanted light scattering during the printing process is a significant challenge to achieve high-resolution fabrication. We report the use of a deep neural network (NN)-based machine learning (ML) technique to mitigate the scattering effect, where our NN was employed to study the highly sophisticated relationship between the input digital masks and their corresponding output 3D printed structures. Furthermore, the NN was used to model an inverse 3D printing process, where it took desired printed structures as inputs and subsequently generated grayscale digital masks that optimized the light exposure dose according to the desired structures’ local features. Verification results showed that using NN-generated digital masks yielded significant improvements in printing fidelity when compared with using masks identical to the desired structures.
Efficient Dynamic Parameter Identification Framework for Machine Tools
Authors: Semm Thomas , Sellemond Markus , Rebelein Christian , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Modeling the dynamic behavior of a machine tool accurately is a difficult but crucial task when optimizing a machine tool’s design. An accurate representation of the real behavior is essential to ensure the transferability of simulations from a virtual prototype to a physical prototype. Due to the complexity of modern machine tools, a large number of parameters have an influence on the dynamic behavior. The parameterization of the used dynamic models is still challenging, especially if intricate local models are used for the individual effects. This paper presents an efficient framework for parameterizing a dynamic model of a machine tool containing linear local damping and stiffness parameters. For parameter identification, measurements of single components on simple test rigs as well as measurements of the whole machine tool were carried out. Different numerical optimization algorithms as well as objective functions were compared and applied to a three-axis machine tool structure for parameter fitting. By using a parametric reduced-order flexible multibody model for the fitting, high accuracy can be combined with high computational efficiency. The use of the presented approach allows an efficient parameter estimation and lays the groundwork for an influence analysis and the targeted optimization of a machine tool.
From ʿAlid Treatise to anti-Shiʿi Text: the Riṣāla fī ibṭāl bidaʿ munkarāt of ʿAbdallāh b. ʿUmar Bin Yaḥyā (d. 1265/1849) and its Afterlife in Indonesia
Authors: Alatas Ismail Fajrie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article examines a little-known treatise on the commemoration of ʿĀshūrāʾ (the martyrdom of al-Ḥusayn, the grandson of the Prophet Muḥammad) written by a scholar from the Ḥaḍramawt, ʿAbdallāh b. ʿUmar Bin Yaḥyā (d. 1265/1849). Entitled Risāla fī ibṭāl bidaʿ munkarāt (Treatise on Nullifying Reprehensible Innovations), the text was composed in response to the ʿĀshūrāʾ commemorative processions introduced by South Asian Muslims in early nineteenth century Malay-Indonesian Archipelago and witnessed by the author during his travel there (1832-1835). In this treatise, Ibn Yaḥyā de fines a lawful, regulated, and emotionally restrained way of commemorating al-Ḥusayn’s martyrdom while stressing the imperative of ʿAlid leadership of the umma. I then discuss the recent resurfacing of a redacted summary of the Risāla in Indonesia. I show that in the context of an increasingly intense Sunni-Shiʿi sectarian contestation that characterized contemporary Indonesia, the redacted version of this ʿAlid treatise circulates as an anti-Shiʿi text.
International Investment Agreements and National Governance: The Case of Egypt
Authors: Raslan Reem Anwar Ahmed 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The current international investment legal regime results from the interplay between international investment norms, embodied mainly in international investment agreements (IIAs), and the legal regime of the host country. This article will outline two major impacts IIAs can exert on national governance in Egypt: first, the domestic reform impact that refers to domestically initiated reform measures taken to compliment IIAs objectives, such as establishment of Economic Courts as well as limitation of third-party challenge of Investor–State contracts; and, second, the Supra-National Impact which involves situations where IIAs constrain the regulatory powers of the host state usually by imposing legal obligations that go beyond international standards, such as alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms as well as trade-related investment measures-plus (TRIMS-Plus) and trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights-plus (TRIPS-Plus) provisions. Understanding the profound effects of IIAs on national governance will beneficially inform policy makers when concluding IIAs.
Informal and formal social support during pregnancy and joint maternal and paternal postnatal depression: Data from the French representative ELFE cohort study
Authors: Nakamura Aurélie , Sutter-Dallay Anne-Laure , El-Khoury Lesueur Fabienne , Thierry Xavier , Gressier Florence , Melchior Maria , van der Waerden Judith 
Published: April 2020

Background: Insufficient social support has been intensively studied as a risk factor of postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers. However, to date, no study has examined the role of informal and formal dimensions of social support during pregnancy with regard to joint maternal and paternal depression after birth. Aim: Study associations between insufficient informal and formal support during pregnancy and joint parental PPD. Methods: Using data from the nationally representative French ELFE ( Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance) cohort study ( N = 12,350), we estimated associations between insufficient informal and formal support received by the mother during pregnancy and joint parental PPD in multi-imputed multivariate multinomial regression models. Results: In 166 couples (1.3%), both parents were depressed. The likelihood of joint parental PPD was increased in case of insufficient informal support (insufficient partner support: odds ratio (OR) = 1.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–1.80); frequent quarrels: OR = 1.38 (95% CI: 1.19–1.60)). We also observed associations between formal support during pregnancy and joint parental PPD (early prenatal psychosocial risk assessment: OR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05–1.22); antenatal education: OR = 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05–1.23)), which disappeared when analyses were restricted to women with no psychological difficulties during pregnancy. Conclusion: Insufficient informal social support during pregnancy appears to predict risk of joint PPD in mothers and fathers and should be identified early on to limit complications and the impact on children.
Vernacular architecture in eastern Senegal: Chaînes opératoires and technical choices
Authors: Pelmoine Thomas , Mayor Anne 
Published: April 2020

Architecture is an important component of cultural identity, but knowledge regarding construction techniques using local materials is gradually disappearing, and this subject has rarely been studied in sub-Saharan Africa. This ethno-archaeological study of current vernacular architecture and its evolution during the past three centuries in eastern Senegal therefore brings innovative results that are interesting on different levels. In relation to West Africa, the authors aim to provide new knowledge useful for archaeologists lacking references for interpreting past remains, as well as an archive for historical and heritage studies. More widely, the study constitutes a reference for the description of various mud-building techniques and an attempt to understand the mechanisms explaining their transformations, which should concern all scientists interested in vernacular architecture, in Africa and beyond. More precisely, this article accounts for the variability of techniques used for constructing walls and roofs of dwellings in the Faleme valley among different ethno-linguistic groups, while considering the environmental, cultural and socio-economic factors at play. The authors’ methodology is based on a description of the chaînes opératoires of construction, interviews, mapping and statistical analysis. The patterns observed facilitate a discussion on the evolution of techniques, environmental adaptations, the transfer of knowledge and the role of history in material culture dynamics.
Long-Term Incidence and Outcome of BCR-ABL Mutations in Patients (pts) with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Treated with Imatinib Mesylate - P-Loop Mutations Are Not Associated with Worse Outcome.
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop , Jones Dan , O’Brien Susan , Luthra Raja , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Giles Francis , Rios Mary Beth , Verstovsek Srdan , Cortes Jorge 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Resistance to imatinib in CML may occur through mutations of the BCR-ABL kinase domain. We investigated the occurrence of mutations in 159 pts treated with imatinib by direct sequencing. Pts had been treated with imatinib for a median of 32 months (mo) (range, 4 to 60 mo). 52 mutations were identified in 49 (31%) pts: 3 pts had 2 different mutations; in 2 of them they appeared simultaneously. Mutations mapped to 23 different amino acid residues, with the most frequent locating to the P-loop (n=19; 39%), and the residues in imatinib binding pocket (n=12; 25%). The single most common mutations were G250E (n=8) and F317L (n=7). At the time imatinib was started, 34 pts (70%) were in chronic phase (CP) (13 previously untreated, 21 post-IFN failure), 14 (28%) in accelerated phase (AP), and 1 (2%) in lymphoid blast phase (BP). Three pts (2 AP, 1BP) had clonal evolution. Best response to imatinib for pts in CP was: cytogenetic (CG) response complete (CGCR) in 13 (38%), partial (CGPR) in 8 (24%), minor in 1 (3%), and hematologic response only in 12 (35%) (11 complete, 1 partial). For pts in AP, best response was: CGCR in 5 (36%), CGPR in 3 (21%), minor in 1 (7%), and hematologic only in 5 (36%). The pt in BP had achieved CGCR. At the time mutations occurred, 47 (96%) pts had lost their hematologic or cytogenetic response, and clonal evolution had occurred in 15 (68%) pts. Among pts who were initially treated in CP, 9 had transformed to AP and 3 to BP. Two pts treated in AP had progressed to BP. In 2 (4%) pts (1 CP, 1 AP) the mutation (F317L, F311I) was identified while in CGCR remission; both pts have remained in CG CR 2 and 4 mo, respectively after the mutations was identified. Five patients died (4 AP, 1 CP) after a median of 7 mo (1–20 mo) following the detection of mutations. Their mutations included F317L (n=2), M244V, F359V, H396R (1 each). Thus, after a median follow-up of 6 mo (range, 1–20 mo) from detection, only 1 of 19 pts with P-loop mutations has died versus 4 of 30 with non-P-loop mutations. The estimated 15-months survival rates were 95% and 83%, respectively (p=0.50). We conclude that 1) mutations occur frequently among pts with acquired resistance to imatinib; 2) in few instances they can be identified in pts in CGCR; and 3) P-loop mutations may not be associated with worse outcome compared to other mutations.
Imatinib Alone (IA) Vs. Imatinib + Ara-C (IMAC): A Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Early Phase (EP) Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Ph+. Preliminary Report of Mexican Cooperative Leukemia Group (GRUMELA).
Authors: Monroy Rafael Hurtado , Vargas-Viveros Pablo , Cervera Eduardo , Candelaria Myrna , Aguayo Alvaro , Gallardo Emma , Leon Eucario , Labardini Juan , Sosa Ricardo , Paredes Rogelio , Romero Fernando , Perez Oscar , Coronel-Ayala Omar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Imatinib mesylate is the standard treatment for chronic phase CML. Imatinib combinations with interferon alpha or Ara-C has shown synergistic anti-proliferative effects. In an attempt to improve the rate of cytogenetic responses we compare the use of IA vs. IMAC as initial therapy in EP (&lt; 12 months) Ph+ CML patients (pts). The study was conducted in 48 Ph+ CML pts recruited within 12 months from diagnosis with no treatment other than alkylating agents and were randomized to receive IA 400 mg/day (N= 23) or imatinib 400 mg/day plus Ara-C (subcutaneous injection) 10 mg/m2/BSA daily for 10 days monthly (N= 25). Median age for IA group is 44 years (18–75) and 38 years (20–57) for IMAC group. Median time from diagnosis of CML to inclusion was 8 months (1–12). Complete Hematologic Response (CHR) was achieved in 20 pts. (86.9%) for the IA group and in 24 patients (96%) of the IMAC group in a median time of 3 weeks (range: 1–6). With a median follow-up of 9 months (range 3–12 months) Cytogenetic Responses (CgR) in group IA were achieved in 69%: Major Cytogenetic Responses (MCgR) (Bcr/Abl 1–35%) assessed by Bone Marrow Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) (performed pretreatment and at month 3 and 6) were obtained in 11 pts (47.8%) and minor Cytogenetic Response (mCgR) (Bcr/Abl 36–90%) in 5 pts (21.7%). In the IMAC group Cytogenetic Responses were achieved in 92%: MCgR in 16 (64%) and mCgR in 7(28%). Toxicity grade III neutropenia was present in 2 pts (8.6%) of IA group and in 3 pts (12%) for the IMAC group and grade I –II nausea and edema were the most frequent adverse reactions for both groups in about 30 % of cases. Six pts (26.3%) from the IA group has no response compared with 2 (8%) from the IMAC group. Two patients from the IMAC group and 1 from IA were removed due to Cytogenetic Clonal Evolution and lost of CgR. From these preliminary results we suggest that CHR and Global Cytogenetic Response are higher in the IMAC group, meanwhile there is a lower CgR and high rate of Pts with no cytogenetic response (26.3 vs. 8%) in the IA group. It is too early to conclude definitive differences in the cytogenetic responses at this time, but it appears to be a trend to greater CgR rate for the IMAC group. Data collection and patient accrual are ongoing and results with a 18 months follow up will be presented.
Preliminary Results
Response Imatinib Alone Imatinib + Ara-C CHR: Complete Hematologic Response, MCgR: Major Cytogenetic Response, mCgR: Minor Cytogenetic Response, CCgR: Complete Cytogenetic Response. CHR 20/23 (89.9%) 24/25 (96%) MCgR 11 (47.8%) 16 (64%) mCgR 5 (21.7%) 7 (28%) CCgR 0 0
CML with E8A2 BCR-ABL Fusion: The Fourth Breakpoint Cluster Region?.
Authors: Demehri Shadmehr , Lange Thoralf , Paschka Peter , Branford Susan , Koizumi Tamio , Sugimoto Takeshi , Lim Lay-Cheng , Schultheis Beate , Kegel Thomas , Martinelli Giovanni , Hochhaus Andreas , Druker Brian J. , Deininger Michael W. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In Ph+ leukemia, the breakpoints within BCR cluster in 3 distinct breakpoint cluster regions (bcr). Rearrangements in the minor (m−), major (M−) and micro (m−) breakpoint cluster region (bcr) give rise to e1a2, e13/14a2 and e19a2 BCR-ABL fusion proteins that are associated with Ph+ ALL, CML and chronic neutrophilic leukemia, respectively. Atypical BCR-ABL fusions have also been reported, mostly in isolated cases. Here, we describe eight patients with an unusual e8a2 BCR-ABL transcript and provide an overview of their common characteristics. The index case (#1) was a 56 year old man diagnosed with CML in 1993. Therapy with busulfan and hydrea induced a complete hematologic remission (CHR) that was maintained until March 2001, when accelerated disease developed. Treatment with imatinib and subsequently AML-type chemotherapy were only transiently effective and the patient died from myeloid blast crisis in March 2003. Cytogenetics demonstrated a standard t(9;22)(q34;q11). Unexpectedly, FISH was consistent with an m-bcr rearrangement and multiplex PCR showed an unusually large band. Sequencing identified a fusion between BCR exon e8 and ABL exon a2, with a 55 bp insert corresponding to an inverted segment of ABL intron Ib (corresponding to nt 29861–29915, Genbank U07561). Immunoblotting of bone marrow mononuclear cells with anti-ABL antibody identified a 200 kDa protein (p200BCR-ABL).
Seven additional patients with an e8a2 BCR-ABL fusion have been identified (table 1). These patients tend to have relatively high platelet counts (median 569 x 109/L, range 216 – 1123) and relatively low white counts (median 42 x 109/L, range 4.7 – 146) but no other distinguishing characteristics at diagnosis. With a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 4 –97), two patients had progressed to blast crisis and died, one died from an unrelated cause, and five were alive, one after allogeneic BMT. Remarkably, none of the patients treated with interferon-a achieved even a minor cytogenetic remission, similar to patients with p190-positive CML. Two patients besides case #1 have received imatinib, one has achieved a CHR at four months, and information on the other is not available. Compared to P190 and P210, p200 lacks the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain but retains the Dbl-like and CDC24 homology domains of BCR. Deletion of the PH domain may disrupt the function of the Dbl-like domain to serve as a GTP exchange factor for Rac, Cdc42 and Rho. This may lead to disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and would be expected to cause a disease that is biologically closer to p190 than to p210.