bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destruction of absorbing metal films during laser printing with gel microdroplets
Authors: Zhigarkov V.S. , Minaev N.V. , Yusupov V.I. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The degree of destruction and evaporation of metal films (Au and Ti, thickness ∼50 nm) with a gel layer during laser transfer of small volumes of a gel substrate is estimated depending on the laser fluence value. The dynamics of these processes for dry films and films with a gel layer at fluences close to threshold values is investigated using a probe beam of a He – Ne laser. It is shown that the presence of a gel leads to an increase in the ablation threshold, but the time during which the process of structural changes in the film material is completed does not change significantly. The results obtained can be used to improve the laser bioprinting technology.
Radiofrequency synthesiser with an intrinsic instability of 5 × 10−15 at the averaging time of 1 s based on a femtosecond erbium-doped fibre laser
Authors: Kireev A.N. , Shelkovnikov A.S. , Tausenev A.V. , Tyurikov D.A. , Gubin M.A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A radio-optical synthesiser intended for operation in a radio-frequency master oscillator with an optical He – Ne/CH4 frequency standard (λ = 3.39 μm) is developed on the basis of a femtosecond erbium-doped fibre laser. The synthesiser generates equidistant harmonics in the frequency range of 1 – 10 GHz with stability determined by the optical frequency standard. A stable supercontinuum spectrum is formed in the range around 1.06 μm, which provides stable 24-hour operation of the synthesiser and is important for practical applications in off-laboratory conditions. A direct comparison of the output frequencies of two synthesisers shows that the up-grade of the fibre laser and detection system of femtosecond pulses results in the synthesiser intrinsic instability of 5 × 10−15 at the averaging time of 1 s. Such a value is by an order of magnitude less than that obtained in our earlier works.
Seasonal plasticity in the adult somatosensory cortex
Authors: Ray Saikat , Li Miao , Koch Stefan Paul , Mueller Susanne , Boehm-Sturm Philipp , Wang Hong , Brecht Michael , Naumann Robert Konrad 
Published: December 2020

Significance
To survive, animals need to adapt to changes of their ecosystem by changing their behaviors or even morphing the organs responsible for generating these behaviors. Small mammals have a high metabolic rate, and to balance energy deficits during winter they can decrease their brain and body size, a phenomenon termed Dehnel’s effect. We find specific seasonal changes in the brain of the smallest terrestrial mammal, the Etruscan shrew. Their cortex shrinks in the winter, with layer-width and neuron number reduction in the energetically expensive somatosensory cortical layer 4. Imaging of neural activity revealed reduced suppressive responses to whisker touch during winter, indicating that such cortical adaptation may have synergistic functional and behavioral effects in addition to direct metabolic benefits.
Individual variations lead to universal and cross-species patterns of social behavior
Authors: Choi Sang Hyun , Rao Vikyath D. , Gernat Tim , Hamilton Adam R. , Robinson Gene E. , Goldenfeld Nigel 
Published: December 2020

Significance
To probe the collective nature of social organisms, we measured the duration of food transfer (trophallaxis) and face-to-face events experienced by thousands of barcoded honeybees in a colony, over their entire lifetimes. The interaction time distribution is heavy-tailed, as previously reported for human face-to-face interactions. We develop a detailed theory for the universality of these findings and show that they reflect individual variations in the population. Using a measure of inequality from economics, we quantify these individual differences in both honeybees and humans. We show that bees have individual differences but exhibit less individuality than humans. This work demonstrates how individual variations can lead to universal patterns of behavior across different species and specific mechanisms for social interactions.
Micellar TIA1 with folded RNA binding domains as a model for reversible stress granule formation
Authors: Fritzsching Keith J. , Yang Yizhuo , Pogue Emily M. , Rayman Joseph B. , Kandel Eric R. , McDermott Ann E. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Structural characterization of fl mouse TIA1 (43 kDa monomer) with solid-state NMR reveals structured functional domains and a disordered low-complexity domain. These data are consistent with a micellar form of apo fl TIA, unexpected based on much previous literature. We expect that these models of TIA1 and the NMR approaches will help us understand many similar proteins and their roles in the cellular stress response.
Fluctuating optimum and temporally variable selection on breeding date in birds and mammals
Authors: de Villemereuil Pierre , Charmantier Anne , Arlt Debora , Bize Pierre , Brekke Patricia , Brouwer Lyanne , Cockburn Andrew , Côté Steeve D. , Dobson F. Stephen , Evans Simon R. , Festa-Bianchet Marco , Gamelon Marlène , Hamel Sandra , Hegelbach Johann , Jerstad Kurt , Kempenaers Bart , Kruuk Loeske E. B. , Kumpula Jouko , Kvalnes Thomas , McAdam Andrew G. , McFarlane S. Eryn , Morrissey Michael B. , Pärt Tomas , Pemberton Josephine M. , Qvarnström Anna , Røstad Ole Wiggo , Schroeder Julia , Senar Juan Carlos , Sheldon Ben C. , van de Pol Martijn , Visser Marcel E. , Wheelwright Nathaniel T. , Tufto Jarle , Chevin Luis-Miguel 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Many ecological and evolutionary processes strongly depend on the way natural selection varies over time. However, a gap remains when trying to connect theoretical predictions to empirical work on this question: Most theory assumes that adaptation involves tracking a moving optimum phenotype through time, but this is seldom estimated empirically. Here, we have assembled a large database of wild bird and mammal populations, to estimate patterns of fluctuations in the optimum breeding date and its influence on the variability of natural selection. We find that optimum fluctuations are prevalent. However, their influence on temporal variance in natural selection is partly buffered by tracking of the optimum phenotype through individual phenotypic plasticity.
Local elected officials’ receptivity to refugee resettlement in the United States
Authors: Shaffer Robert , Pinson Lauren E. , Chu Jonathan A. , Simmons Beth A. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The recent global surge in forcibly displaced persons has produced grave humanitarian consequences. This surge has prompted close scrutiny of public sentiment toward refugees in recipient countries. But less attention has been paid to local governments, despite the outsized influence they wield over refugee resettlement and well-being. We provide an experimental study of US local elected officials’ attitudes toward refugees seeking to settle in their communities. We find that local elected officials support a broad range of refugee groups, though they are most supportive of refugees whom they believe will contribute to the local economy and fit with community values. Our results offer guidance to advocates seeking to improve resettlement outcomes and a rejoinder to national-level suspicion toward refugee resettlement.
Visual motion assists in social cognition
Authors: Guterstam Arvid , Graziano Michael S. A. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Recent evidence suggests that our brains may generate subtle, fictitious motion signals streaming from other people to the objects of their attention. However, the functional significance of this internally-generated motion signal remains unclear. Here, we tested whether subthreshold motion processing plays a causal role in judging others’ attention. Participants viewed a display including faces, objects, and a subthreshold motion hidden in the background. Judgments of the attentional state of the faces were significantly altered by the motion signal. Control experiments indicated the effect was specific to judging attention. These findings suggest that a crucial aspect of social cognition, monitoring others’ attention, draws on useful but highly physically inaccurate models of social agents in the world, rooted in low-level perceptual mechanisms.
The null and force-free electromagnetic field
Authors: Menon Govind 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the electrodynamics of a null and force-free field in completely geometric terms. As was previously established in Menon (2020 Class. Quantum Grav.
37 245006), solutions to force-free electrodynamics are governed by the existence of certain special types of foliations of spacetime. Here the nature of the foliations in a coordinate-free formalism in the null case is prescribed. All of the general results are illustrated by constructing a new null, force-free electrodynamic field in a Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker spacetime.
Optical isolation of spectral lines emitted by sputtered tungsten in a weakly magnetized plasma
Authors: Ertmer S , Marchuk O , Sackers M , Dickheuer S , Brezinsek S , Mertens Ph , Kreter A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Optical isolation of the clockwise or the counter-clockwise circular polarization of spectral lines was applied to emission of sputtered tungsten atoms. As a result one measures the weak magnetic field at plasma-surface interface resulting in splitting of spectral lines (W I at 4008.751 Å and 4982.593 Å) being negligibly small with respect to the Doppler broadening. One relies only on the phase rotation of a reflected circular polarized light propagating at the normal incidence to the mirror-like surface. The spectral shift of the signal from sputtered W atoms on the detector using high-resolution spectrometer provides the value of the magnetic field at a known dispersion, i.e. no further modeling or additional assumption on the distribution of atoms is required. The isolation of spectral line components is equivalent to isolation of the effect of the magnetic field from the measured line shape. It is complete for Zeeman triplet lines and partial for other lines. The results are found to be in a very good agreement of 3% with calculations and the Zeeman resolved laser absorption spectroscopy (10%) on metastable levels of Ar I atoms.
Evolution and ion kinetics of a XUV-induced nanoplasma in ammonia clusters
Authors: Michiels R , LaForge A C , Bohlen M , Callegari C , Clark A , von Conta A , Coreno M , Di Fraia M , Drabbels M , Finetti P , Huppert M , Oliver V , Plekan O , Prince K C , Stranges S , Wörner H J , Stienkemeier F 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High-intensity extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a free-electron laser can be used to create a nanoplasma in clusters. In reference Michiels et al (2020 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
22 7828–34) we investigated the formation of excited states in an XUV-induced nanoplasma in ammonia clusters. In the present article we expand our previous study with a detailed analysis of the nanoplasma evolution and ion kinetics. We use a time-delayed UV laser as probe to ionize excited states of H and

H

2

+

in the XUV-induced plasma. Employing covariance mapping techniques, we show that the correlated emission of protons plays an important role in the plasma dynamics. The time-dependent kinetic energy of the ions created by the probe laser is measured, revealing the charge neutralization of the cluster happens on a sub-picosecond timescale. Furthermore, we observe ro-vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen ions

H

2

+
*

being ejected from the clusters. We rationalize our data through a qualitative model of a finite-size non-thermal plasma.
Theoretical evaluation of multivalent cation diffusion in the 1T-δ-MnO2 electrode via potential energy surface
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zhou Zhaoyu , Li Bo , Qu Zilin , Song Qi , Zhang Chunmei , Jiang Zhenyi , Ding Yi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Polymorphs of MnO2 have been studied extensively for their potential application in rechargeable batteries which provide attractive structures as the host for the cation insertion. In this study, the simplest form of δ-MnO2 has been taken as the representative of layered MnO2 and the ion diffusion performance is carefully examined. The potential energy surfaces of Li+, Na+, K+, NH4
+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Al3+ ion diffusing in the 1T-δ-MnO2 are firstly obtained within the density functional theory framework, which give a comprehensive and detailed view of the diffusing process. We not only assess the 1T-δ-MnO2 as candidate electrode material quantitatively but also elucidate the influence of the cooperative Jahn–Teller effect which governs multivalent diffusion in the intuitive and clear view. Our findings are well matched with the reported results and lead to practical and implementable guidelines to find MnO2-based fast-diffusion multivalent ion conductors.
Bremsstrahlung emission and plasma characterization driven by moderately relativistic laser–plasma interactions
Authors: Singh Sushil , Armstrong Chris D , Kang Ning , Ren Lei , Liu Huiya , Hua Neng , Rusby Dean R , Klimo Ondřej , Versaci Roberto , Zhang Yan , Sun Mingying , Zhu Baoqiang , Lei Anle , Ouyang Xiaoping , Lancia Livia , Laso Garcia Alejandro , Wagner Andreas , Cowan Thomas , Zhu Jianqiang , Schlegel Theodor , Weber Stefan , McKenna Paul , Neely David , Tikhonchuk Vladimir , Kumar Deepak 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Relativistic electrons generated by the interaction of petawatt-class short laser pulses with solid targets can be used to generate bright x-rays via bremsstrahlung. The efficiency of laser energy transfer into these electrons depends on multiple parameters including the focused intensity and pre-plasma level. This paper reports experimental results from the interaction of a high intensity petawatt-class glass laser pulses with solid targets at a maximum intensity of 1019 W cm−2. In-situ measurements of specularly reflected light are used to provide an upper bound of laser absorption and to characterize focused laser intensity, the pre-plasma level and the generation mechanism of second harmonic light. The measured spectrum of electrons and bremsstrahlung radiation provide information about the efficiency of laser energy transfer.
Extreme-value statistics of stochastic transport processes
Authors: Guillet Alexandre , Roldán Edgar , Jülicher Frank 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We derive exact expressions for the finite-time statistics of extrema (maximum and minimum) of the spatial displacement and the fluctuating entropy flow of biased random walks. Our approach captures key features of extreme events in molecular motor motion along linear filaments. For one-dimensional biased random walks, we derive exact results which tighten bounds for entropy production extrema obtained with martingale theory and reveal a symmetry between the distribution of the maxima and minima of entropy production. Furthermore, we show that the relaxation spectrum of the full generating function, and hence of any moment, of the finite-time extrema distributions can be written in terms of the Marčenko–Pastur distribution of random-matrix theory. Using this result, we obtain efficient estimates for the extreme-value statistics of stochastic transport processes from the eigenvalue distributions of suitable Wishart and Laguerre random matrices. We confirm our results with numerical simulations of stochastic models of molecular motors.
Eliminating the Unruh effect of relativistic Dirac fields by partial measurements
Authors: Khan N A , Amin Syed Tahir , Jan Munsif 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The retrieval of lost entanglement for relatively accelerated fermionic observers of a tripartite system by a partial measurement technique has been investigated. From the prospective of the negativities of one-tangles and the π-tangle, we show that the degraded entanglement in noninertial frames with single-mode approximation is completely retrieved by an optimal strength of the partial measurement or the partial measurement reversal. In addition, we find that the optimal one-tangle with respect to inertial and noninertial observers turns out to be the same for an optimal strength of partial measurements at q
0 = 0 when two accelerated observers move with infinite acceleration.
Influence of irradiation-induced point defects on the dissolution and diffusion properties of hydrogen in α-Al2O3: a first-principles study
Authors: Pan Xin-Dong , Xu Yu-Ping , Lu Tao , Zhou Hai-Shan , Li Xiao-Chun , Gao Fei , Luo Guang-Nan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alpha-alumina (α-Al2O3) is considered to be an ideal candidate material for the tritium permeation barrier (TPB) with excellent tritium resistance properties. However, in a fusion reactor, the irradiation-induced defects could sum up on fabrication-induced defects so to reduce drastically the barrier performance. The underlying mechanism is still not settled. In this paper, the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) approach is used to explore the influence of irradiation-induced point defects on the dissolution and diffusion properties of hydrogen (H) in α-Al2O3.

H

+

−

V

A
l

−
3

and

H

+

−

V

O

0

defects have much lower formation energies at E
G/2 in both Al-rich and O-rich growth environments that H atoms are easily captured by vacancy-type irradiation-induced point defects. As a result, higher H retention can be expected, which is consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, by calculating several different diffusion pathways of H-defect complexes and the corresponding diffusion coefficient, it can be inferred that H atoms and vacancy-type point defects can hardly diffuse as a bound entity. Therefore, isolated vacancy-type irradiation-induced point defects can trap multiple H atoms to form H-defect complexes and impede the diffusion process of H, which can enhance the efficiency of protection against H permeation through α-Al2O3 TPB. However, the minimum diffusion barrier for O
i
H− migration to the first nearest neighbor O interstitial site is 0.44 eV, which is so low that O
i
H− can migrate quickly at room temperature. This fast diffusion pathway for H could be the underlying mechanism for the low efficiency in preventing H permeation through irradiated α-Al2O3. Our results provide a sound theoretical explanation for recent experimental results of H permeation in α-Al2O3 under irradiation environment.
A Brief Discussion about Application of Artificial Intelligence in Computer Network Technology in the Era of Big Data
Authors: Luo Dongmei , Zhou Corresponding author: Xiaodong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the rapid development of science and technology, the era of big data has come in full swing. A critical problem meriting reflection at present is how to take full advantage of this era in order to continuously improve the technological application level. As one of emerging technologies in modern society, artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved favorable effects when applied to different fields, e.g. AI computer network technology (CNT). The era of big data and AI were briefly expounded, the development of AI and its extensions in the era of big data were analyzed, and its application in CNT and development prospect were deeply explored, expecting to contribute to further application and development of AI in the era of big data.
The Game of Communication: An Analysis of The Emoji Landscape in Social Media
Authors: Hon Nicholas Yeung Ming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The empowerment of social media makes us into the era of diversification of transmission. The spread of the mass media content production and social organization monopoly pattern is broken. The Internet emerges as one the most unique landscape within the framework of public discourse. As a communication tool, emojis gradually become a refuge for various ideologies. It can be said that the popularity of emojis on social media is the result of a power game between various forms of ideologies. On the one hand, the emoji landscape formed in social media can be seen as the awakening of the subject consciousness of the public and the objectified product of network quality, but on the other hand, people have to watch out for the dissolution of social solemnness brought by the excessive entertainment of emojis, and the public has since become one-dimensional creature.
Review of the Application of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Geology
Authors: Chen Lirong , Wang Liang , Miao Jinli , Gao Huan , Zhang Yue , Yao Yao , Bai Ming , Mei Lisi , He Jing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Big data and artificial intelligence (AI) have provided new methods and opportunities for many applications in geology. Nevertheless, big data and AI-based geoscience applications are still in their infancy, and the methods and objectives are still scattered, lacking a unified theoretical and application framework. This study reviews the application of big data and AI in geology and analyzes and summarizes the current status, development trends and existing problems of ongoing studies from the perspectives of geology. This study can provide a reference for the future research and development of the application of big data and AI in the field of geology.
Packing Design and Application Based on VR Technology
Authors: Lu Peipei , Zhang Xinyue 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Improving the adaptability of packing box and packing materials is the main target of packaging. Introduction of VR technology to packaging design could reach the virtual reality modeling language, so it is convenient for the calculation of inner space of packaging to enhance the comfort of packaging. Or the outer size of packaging could be calculated according to the interaction of inner space and outer space for the convenience of appearance design to enhance artistry. The main method is as follow. Firstly, build up model with 3Dax software; secondly, the structure, node and outer packaging size of virtual space through VRML; thirdly, a link is generated through system to have a 3D printing of the filling modeling of inner space. The picture of outer packaging and commodity information are set with the combination of inner data of the packaging; and then the virtual appearance of packaging would be generated through VR technology light and rendering, so as to gain the final result of the packaging design. It could be confirmed according to the experimental analysis data, the packaging compactness would be 37% increased and the compression resistance ratio is also 29% increased through the 3D VR packaging design. It is proved that the packaging effectively improve the seismic performance of products. The application of the virtual outer packaging design of product also sufficiently proves the important use value of the method.
Development of Higher Vocational Artificial Intelligence Course based on Enterprise Real Project
Authors: Zhou Yuehong , Wang Liqi , Ma Rui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the era of intelligence, the development of artificial intelligence technology has greatly promoted the demand of relevant professional courses. This paper mainly analyses the framework and implementation process of the enterprise real project “garbage sorting robot system” which is the project carrier of artificial intelligence course. On this basis, according to the knowledge system of artificial intelligence technology, the relevant teaching knowledge points and teaching methods of artificial intelligence course are designed.