bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of systemic glycine on accumbal glycine and dopamine levels and ethanol intake in male Wistar rats
Authors: Olsson Yasmin , Höifödt Lidö Helga , Danielsson Klara , Ericson Mia , Söderpalm Bo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractApproved medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) display modest effect sizes. Pharmacotherapy aimed at the mechanism(s) by which ethanol activates the dopamine reward pathway may offer improved outcomes. Basal and ethanol-induced accumbal dopamine release in the rat involve glycine receptors (GlyR) in the nucleus accumbens (nAc). Glycine transporter 1 (GlyT-1) inhibitors, which raise extracellular glycine levels, have repeatedly been shown to decrease ethanol intake in the rat. To further explore the rational for elevating glycine levels in the treatment of AUD, this study examined accumbal extracellular glycine and dopamine levels and voluntary ethanol intake and preference in the rat, after systemic treatment with glycine. The effects of three different doses of glycine i.p. on accumbal glycine and dopamine levels were examined using in vivo microdialysis in Wistar rats. In addition, the effects of the intermediate dose of glycine on voluntary ethanol intake and preference were examined in a limited access two-bottle ethanol/water model in the rat. Systemic glycine treatment increased accumbal glycine levels in a dose-related manner, whereas accumbal dopamine levels were elevated in a subpopulation of animals, defined as dopamine responders. Ethanol intake and preference decreased after systemic glycine treatment. These results give further support to the concept of elevating central glycine levels to reduce ethanol intake and indicate that targeting the glycinergic system may represent a pharmacologic treatment principle for AUD.
One-Humped History: The Camel as Historical Actor in the Late Ottoman Empire
Authors: İnal Onur 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article explores the so far little explored animal dimension of the significant social, economic, and ecological transformations that occurred in Western Anatolia in the late Ottoman Empire. It focuses on how the use of the hybrid, one-humped “Turcoman” camel transformed the way in which trade and transport operated in the region. In light of Ottoman, Turkish, and European sources, it suggests that the camel was a visible yet often underestimated actor in the incorporation of Western Anatolia into global markets and integrating the camel as important history-shaping actor into the historical narrative allows us to better grasp the complex relationships that existed between humans, nature, and technology and to change the way we think about the Ottoman Empire.
Promoting water consumption among children: a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial testing a social network intervention
Authors: Smit Crystal R , de Leeuw Rebecca NH , Bevelander Kirsten E , Burk William J , Buijs Laura , van Woudenberg Thabo J , Buijzen Moniek 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To test the effectiveness of a social network intervention (SNI) to improve children’s healthy drinking behaviours.Design:A three-arm cluster randomised control trial design was used. In the SNI, a subset of children were selected and trained as ‘influence agents’ to promote water consumption–as an alternative to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)–among their peers. In the active control condition, all children were simultaneously exposed to the benefits of water consumption. The control condition received no intervention.Setting:Eleven schools in the Netherlands.Participants:Four hundred and fifty-one children (Mage= 10·74, SDage= 0·97; 50·8 % girls).Results:Structural path models showed that children exposed to the SNI consumed 0·20 less SSB per day compared to those in the control condition (β =0·25,P= 0·035). There was a trend showing that children exposed to the SNI consumed 0·17 less SSB per day than those in the active control condition (β =0·20,P= 0·061). No differences were found between conditions for water consumption. However, the moderation effects of descriptive norms (β= –0·12,P= 0·028) and injunctive norms (β= 0·11–0·14, bothP= 0·050) indicated that norms are more strongly linked to water consumption in the SNI condition compared to the active control and control conditions.Conclusions:These findings suggest that a SNI promoting healthy drinking behaviours may prevent children from consuming more SSB. Moreover, for water consumption, the prevailing social norms in the context play an important role in mitigating the effectiveness of the SNI.
Intraoperative Mass Spectrometry Platform for IDH Mutation Status Prediction, Glioma Diagnosis, and Estimation of Tumor Cell Infiltration
Authors: Brown Hannah Marie , Alfaro Clint M , Pirro Valentina , Dey Mahua , Hattab Eyas M , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A , Cooks R Graham 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical tumor resection is the primary treatment option for diffuse glioma, the most common malignant brain cancer. The intraoperative diagnosis of gliomas from tumor core samples can be improved by use of molecular diagnostics. Further, residual tumor at surgical margins is a primary cause of tumor recurrence and malignant progression. This study evaluates a desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) system for intraoperative isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation assessment, estimation of tumor cell infiltration as tumor cell percentage (TCP), and disease status. This information could be used to enhance the extent of safe resection and so potentially improve patient outcomes.MethodsA mobile DESI-MS instrument was modified and used in neurosurgical operating rooms (ORs) on a cohort of 49 human subjects undergoing craniotomy with tumor resection for suspected diffuse glioma. Small tissue biopsies (ntotal = 203) from the tumor core and surgical margins were analyzed by DESI-MS in the OR and classified using univariate and multivariate statistical methods.ResultsAssessment of IDH mutation status using DESI-MS/MS to measure 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) ion intensities from tumor cores yielded a sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy of 89, 100, and 94%, respectively (ncore = 71). Assessment of TCP (categorized as low or high) in tumor margin and core biopsies using N-acetyl-aspartic acid (NAA) intensity provided a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 91, 76, and 83%, respectively (ntotal = 203). TCP assessment using lipid profile deconvolution provided sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 76, 85, and 81%, respectively (ntotal = 203). Combining the experimental data and using PCA-LDA predictions of disease status, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in predicting disease status are 63%, 83%, and 74%, respectively (ntotal = 203).ConclusionsThe DESI-MS system allowed for identification of IDH mutation status, glioma diagnosis, and estimation of tumor cell infiltration intraoperatively in a large human glioma cohort. This methodology should be further refined for clinical diagnostic applications.
Promoting gender, equity, human rights and ethnic equality in neglected tropical disease programmes
Authors: Mbabazi P S , Del Pino S , Ducker C , Dean L , Broekkamp H , Prasetyanti W , Jacobson J , Krentel A , Seunik M , Bustinduy A L , Malecela M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Limited attention to tackling neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) through the lenses of gender, equity, ethnicity and human rights inadvertently undermines progress due to the exclusion of subgroups in populations living in conditions of vulnerability. Supporting national NTD programmes to make equity analysis part of their routine activities and revitalising intersectoral collaboration will be essential to achieve effective, sustainable service delivery with a person-centred approach. Gender, equity, human rights and ethnic equality for NTD programmes should therefore be incorporated in multisectoral engagements.
Original Research: Nurses' Perspectives on Caring for Patients with Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
Authors: Kelly Patricia A. , Baker Kathy A. , Hodges Karen M. , Vuong Ellen Y. , Lee Joyce C. , Lockwood Suzy W. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Confusion about what a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order means, including its misinterpretation as “do not treat,” has been extensively documented in the literature. Yet there is a paucity of research concerning nurses' perspectives on DNR orders.

Purpose and design:
This mixed-methods study was designed to explore nurses' perspectives on the meaning and interpretation of DNR orders in relation to caring for hospitalized adults with such orders.

Methods:
Direct care nurses on three units in a large urban hospital were asked to respond online to a case study by indicating how they would prioritize care based on the patient's DNR designation. These nurses were then invited to participate in open-ended interviews with a nurse researcher. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed.

Findings:
A total of 35 nurses responded to the case study survey. The majority chose to prioritize palliative care, despite no indication that any plan of care was in place. Thirteen nurses also completed a one-on-one interview. Analysis of interview data revealed this overarching theme: varying interpretations of DNR orders among nurses were common, resulting in unintended consequences. Participants also reported perceived variances among health care team members, patients, and family members. Such misinterpretations resulted in shifts in care, varying responses to deteriorating status, tension, and differences in role expectations for health care team members.

Conclusions:
Nurses have opportunities to address misconceptions about care for patients with DNR orders through practice, education, advocacy and policy, and research.
Increased Prevalence of Upper and Lower Respiratory Disease in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom US Veterans
Authors: Tam Kenric , Lee Jivianne T. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) were exposed to high levels of pollutants resulting in increased upper and lower respiratory symptoms and morbidity. The purpose of this study is to determine the physician diagnosed prevalence of upper and lower respiratory disease in OEF/OIF veterans.

Methods:
We queried the Veterans Health Administration Support Service Center database to identify veterans in the Desert Pacific Healthcare Network with International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnoses related to upper respiratory and lower respiratory tract (URT and LRT) diseases and symptoms. Over 100,000 unique veterans were identified.

Results:
OEF/OIF veterans had increased prevalence of both sinonasal disease and LRT pathology compared with non-OEF/OIF veterans. In 2016, 8.79% of OEF/OIF veterans demonstrated lower respiratory disease, which was 3.4 times greater than non-OEF/OIF veterans (P < 0.0001). Similarly, upper respiratory disease was 4.8 times more prevalent in OEF/OIF veterans, with 19.28% diagnosed compared with 3.95% of non-OEF/OIF veterans (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
This is the first database study that investigates the prevalence of upper airway disease in OEF/OIF veterans. Veterans serving in the post-9/11 era in Afghanistan and Iraq have a significantly increased prevalence of both lower and upper respiratory disease.
Cochlear Implantation in Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma and Other Retrocochlear Pathology: A Case Series
Authors: Patel Evan J. , Deep Nicholas L. , Friedmann David R. , Jethanamest Daniel , McMenomey Sean O. , Roland John Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To describe outcomes with cochlear implantation (CI) for rehabilitation of hearing loss in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VS) and other retrocochlear pathologies.

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Tertiary-care center.

Patients:
Twenty three cases in 19 patients (53% men, mean age 55.8 yr) with non-neurofibromatosis type 2 related retrocochlear pathology.

Interventions:
Unilateral or bilateral CI.

Main Outcome Measures:
Word recognition score, device usage.

Results:
Etiology of deafness included sporadic VS (n = 9, 39%), radiation after head and neck or central nervous system (CNS) malignancy (n = 8, 35%), superficial siderosis (n = 3, 13%), neurosarcoidosis (n = 2, 9%), and pontine stroke (n = 1, 4%). Mean follow-up duration was 2.3 years (standard deviation [SD] 3.0; range, 0.2–9.4). Auditory perception was achieved in 20 out of 22 patients (91%) who have been activated. Mean WRS in patients with sporadic VS was 18% (SD 20; range, 0–44). Mean WRS in patients with non-VS retrocochlear pathology was 55% (SD 30; range, 0–94). Data logs showed 7.0 h/d of average use (SD 4.3; range, 0–13).

Conclusions:
Appropriately selected patients with retrocochlear pathology may benefit from CI so long as the patient has a cochlear fluid signal and an intact cochlear nerve. Patients with sporadic VS patients and normal contralateral hearing exhibited guarded outcomes with CI, whereas most patients with non-VS retrocochlear pathologies demonstrated open-set speech understanding scores comparable to or slightly worse than conventional CI candidates. Since variable performance benefit is observed with CI in patients with retrocochlear pathology, counseling is imperative to align patient expectations with realistic outcomes.
Cochlear Implant Outcomes in Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Implications for Management
Authors: Deep Nicholas L. , Patel Evan J. , Shapiro William H. , Waltzman Susan B. , Jethanamest Daniel , McMenomey Sean O. , Roland John Thomas , Friedmann David R. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To describe our institutional experience with cochlear implantation (CI) for rehabilitation of hearing loss in Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients.

Study Design:
Retrospective review between 1989 and 2019.

Setting:
Tertiary-care center.

Patients:
Twenty-four patients (67% female, mean age 45.6years) with NF2. Management of their ipsilateral vestibular schwannoma included microsurgery (n=12), stereotactic radiation (n=5), and observation (n=7).

Interventions:
Cochlear implantation.

Main Outcome Measures:
Ability to obtain open-set speech, daily device usage and long-term device benefit.

Results:
All patients achieved some degree of sound awareness with CI. Nineteen patients (79%) achieved open-set speech understanding with a mean word-recognition score of 43% (range 0-88%). Patients with tumors 1.5 cm or less demonstrated the better speech understanding, without significant differences among treatment modalities. For tumors greater than 1.5 cm, patients who underwent microsurgery had a lower rate of open-set speech understanding compared to those treated with radiation or observation. Regular daily device use in 83% of patients was found. Long-term use (>10years) was observed in several patients, though some ultimately required reimplantation with an auditory brainstem implant due to progressive tumor growth. Mean follow-up duration was 4.1 years (range 0.4-15).

Conclusions:
Cochlear implantation can be an effective treatment for hearing loss in NF2 patients provided the cochlear nerve is intact, regardless of prior management for the ipsilateral tumor. The degree of benefit varies and is influenced by tumor size. Management strategies that preserve the cochlear nerve maximize the interval during which a CI could be of benefit to NF2 patients.
Shear-wave elastography in thyroid ultrasound
Authors: Han Dong Yoon , Sohn Yu-Mee , Seo Mirinae , Yun Seong Jong , Park Won Seo , Jeon Seok Ho , Cho Yong Hyun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether extrathyroidal extension (ETE) and cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) can be predicted using elasticity parameters of shear-wave elastography (SWE) combined with B-mode ultrasound (US) of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs).
We retrospectively reviewed 111 patients who underwent preoperative SWE evaluation among PTC patients from July 1, 2016 to June 20, 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of ETE based on pathology reports. Univariate and multivariate analyses of clinical and radiologic features including B-mode US features, US patterns, and SWE parameters were performed. These analyses were repeated in LNM positive and negative groups. The diagnostic performance of SWE parameters were also evaluated.
Of the 111 patients, 33 had ETE, 78 did not have ETE, 44 had LNM, and 67 did not have LNM. A taller-than-wide shape and T3 stage on US were associated with ETE. Female sex, total thyroidectomy, and T3 stage on US were associated with LNM. When B-mode US and SWE were combined, there was no improvement in diagnostic performance.
Combination of SWE and B-mode US findings is not useful for predicting ETE and LNM status in PTC patients.
Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail
Authors: da Silva Gabrielle Pessôa , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Perrelli Jaqueline Galdino Albuquerque , Guedes Tatiane Gomes , Lopes Camila Takáo , Mangueira Suzana de Oliveira , Linhares Francisca Márcia Pereira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the content of the diagnostic proposal, risk for impaired cardiovascular function, focusing on incarcerated
women.MethodsA methodological study of nursing diagnosis content validation carried out from December/2018 to June/2019. A sample of 24 judges evaluated the proposed definition and the relevance of the proposed etiological factors of risk for impaired cardiovascular function. To determine the content validity of the etiological factors, the Content Validity Index was calculated and a value of 0.9 was adopted, in addition to the Wilcoxon test.ResultsThe diagnostic definition was considered consistent with the diagnostic label. All 18 etiological factors were validated with a Content Validity Index statistically >0.9 and categorized into risk factors, associated conditions, and at‐risk populations.ConclusionThe definition and 18 etiological factors of risk for impaired cardiovascular function were validated.Implications for the nursing practiceThe study allowed the new proposal for the risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis to be accepted to return to the taxonomy of NANDA International with an expanded and more consistent structure. The return of the referred nursing diagnosis to the taxonomy favors the nurse's diagnostic reasoning and the documentation of all nursing actions, linked to this diagnosis, which are aimed at minimizing cardiovascular risk.
A high‐throughput screening platform for pigment regulating agents using pluripotent stem cell‐derived melanocytes
Authors: Parat Valentin , Onteniente Brigitte , Maruotti Julien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we describe a simple and straightforward assay using induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived melanocytes and high‐throughput flow cytometry, to identify the effect induced by pigment regulating agents on melanin content. The assay is based on the correlation between forward light‐scatter characteristics and melanin content, with pigmented cells displaying high light absorption/low forward light scatter, while the opposite is true for lowly pigmented melanocytes, as a result of genetic background or chemical treatments. Orthogonal validation is then performed by regular melanin quantification. Such approach was validated using a set of 80 small molecules and yielded a confirmed hit. The assay described in this study may prove a useful tool to identify modulators of melanogenesis in human melanocytes.
In vivo detection of microstructural spinal cord lesions in dogs with degenerative myelopathy using diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Johnson Philippa J. , Miller Andrew D. , Cheetham Jonathan , Demeter Elena A. , Luh Wen‐Ming , Loftus John P. , Stephan Sarah L. , Dewey Curtis W. , Barry Erica F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDegenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that causes white matter spinal cord lesions. These lesions are undetectable on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), limiting diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Spinal cord lesions cause disruption to the structural integrity of the axons causing water diffusion to become more random and less anisotropic. These changes are detectable by the technique of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) which is highly sensitive to diffusion alterations secondary to white matter lesion development.ObjectivePerform spinal DTI on cohorts of dogs with and without DM to identify if lesions caused by DM will cause a detectable alteration in spinal cord diffusivity that correlates with neurological status.AnimalsThirteen dogs with DM and 13 aged‐matched controls.MethodsAll animals underwent MRI with DTI of the entire spine. Diffusivity parameters fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured at each vertebral level and statistically compared between groups.ResultsDogs with DM had significant decreases in FA within the regions of the spinal cord that had high expected lesion load. Decreases in FA were most significant in dogs with severe forms of the disease and correlated with neurological grade.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFindings suggest that FA has the potential to be a biomarker for spinal cord lesion development in DM and could play an important role in improving diagnosis and monitoring of this condition.
Eating habits and sleep patterns of adolescents with depression symptoms in Mumbai, India
Authors: Moitra Panchali , Madan Jagmeet , Shaikh Nida I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdolescents with depression engage in unhealthy eating habits and irregular sleep patterns and are often at an increased risk for weight‐related problems. Improvement in these lifestyle behaviours may help to prevent depression, but knowledge about the associations between depression, sleep, eating habits and body weight among adolescents in India is limited. This cross‐sectional study investigated the prevalence of depression and its association with sleep patterns, eating habits and body weight status among a convenience sample of 527 adolescents, ages 10–17 years in Mumbai, India. Participants completed a survey on sleep patterns such as sleep duration, daytime sleepiness and sleep problems and eating habits such as frequency of breakfast consumption, eating family meals and eating out. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire modified for Adolescents (PHQ‐A). Anthropometric measurements were also taken. Within this sample, 25% had moderate to severe depression (PHQ‐A ≥ 10) and 46% reported sleeping less than 6 h > thrice a week. Adolescents with moderate to severe depression had significantly higher body mass index than those with minimal depression (26.2 ± 6.6 vs. 20.2 ± 4.8 kg/m2). The odds of having clinically significant depression (PHQ‐A ≥ 10) was 4.5 times higher in adolescents who had family meals ≤ once a week, 1.6 times higher among those who were sleeping <6 h and 2.3 times higher among participants having trouble falling to sleep more than thrice a week. The findings indicated that a significant proportion of adolescents had depression symptoms; improving sleep and eating habits may present potential targets for interventions.