bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Combinations of Behavior Change Techniques That Occur Frequently in Interventions Reflect Underlying Theory?
Authors: Bohlen Lauren Connell , Michie Susan , de Bruin Marijn , Rothman Alexander J , Kelly Michael P , Groarke Hilary N K , Carey Rachel N , Hale Joanna , Johnston Marie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Behavioral interventions typically include multiple behavior change techniques (BCTs). The theory informing the selection of BCTs for an intervention may be stated explicitly or remain unreported, thus impeding the identification of links between theory and behavior change outcomes.

Purpose
This study aimed to identify groups of BCTs commonly occurring together in behavior change interventions and examine whether behavior change theories underlying these groups could be identified.

Methods
The study involved three phases: (a) a factor analysis to identify groups of co-occurring BCTs from 277 behavior change intervention reports; (b) examining expert consensus (n = 25) about links between BCT groups and behavioral theories; (c) a comparison of the expert-linked theories with theories explicitly mentioned by authors of the 277 intervention reports.

Results
Five groups of co-occurring BCTs (range: 3–13 BCTs per group) were identified through factor analysis. Experts agreed on five links (≥80% of experts), comprising three BCT groups and five behavior change theories. Four of the five BCT group–theory links agreed by experts were also stated by study authors in intervention reports using similar groups of BCTs.

Conclusions
It is possible to identify groups of BCTs frequently used together in interventions. Experts made shared inferences about behavior change theory underlying these BCT groups, suggesting that it may be possible to propose a theoretical basis for interventions where authors do not explicitly put forward a theory. These results advance our understanding of theory use in multicomponent interventions and build the evidence base for further understanding theory-based intervention development and evaluation.
Effects of Storage Temperature and Media/Buffer for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection
Authors: Kim Namhee , Kwon Ahrin , Roh Eun Youn , Yoon Jong Hyun , Han Mi Seon , Park Sang-Won , Park Hyunwoong , Shin Sue 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The increase in the number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has delayed real-time reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), requiring proper shipping and storage conditions, especially in hot weather. This study aims to assess how some conditions, such as storage period, temperature, media or buffer, and sample types, affect the results of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RT-qPCR.

Methods
SARS-CoV-2–positive specimens were collected from Boramae Medical Center for 2 months (from May to June 2020) and stored in different media or buffers at different temperatures.

Results
As a result of examining confirmed patient samples, RT-qPCR results were not significantly affected by 2°C to 8°C storage until after 7 days. When stored at 20°C to 22°C or above 35°C, the results were affected negatively even after 1 day. Higher storage temperatures resulted in a lower probability of detecting viral nucleic acids because of degradation. Samples stored in pH-controlled media or buffer were more stable than those stored in nonbuffer states.

Conclusions
These results emphasize the importance of storage temperature and media or buffer and performing RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection as soon as possible after sample collection.
Epithelial-Stromal Polyps of the Colon Are Not Perineuriomas
Authors: Hissong Erika , Yantiss Rhonda K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Some colorectal polyps contain serrated or tubular crypts surrounded by whorls of spindle cells that expand the mucosa. These epithelial-stromal polyps have been termed benign fibroblastic polyps or, more commonly, perineuriomas. We hypothesized that these lesions are pathogenetically heterogeneous polyps that share in common exuberant fibroblastic proliferations derived from the pericryptal sheath.

Methods
Forty-six epithelial-stromal polyps containing serrated crypts (n = 21) and nonserrated crypts (n = 25) were evaluated with epithelial membrane antigen and BRAF V600E immunohistochemical stains, and a subset was subjected to next-generation sequencing for BRAF mutations. Polyp morphology and immunohistochemical results were correlated with clinical information.

Results
Epithelial-stromal polyps containing serrated crypts were significantly associated with other sessile serrated polyps (43%, P = .01) and hyperplastic polyps (29%, P = .006). They also showed BRAF V600E abnormalities (95%) and strong, patchy epithelial membrane antigen staining of spindle cells (95%). In contrast, polyps with nonserrated crypts lacked BRAF alterations and infrequently showed robust EMA staining of stromal cells (16%, P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Benign epithelial-stromal polyps with serrated epithelium are biologically similar to sessile serrated polyps and should be classified as such to ensure appropriate clinical surveillance. The nature of polyps without serrated crypts is less clear, but evidence that they are perineuriomas is circumstantial at best.
Long-term observations reveal the formation process of branching systems of the genus Sasa in Bambusoideae
Authors: Niimiya Hiroko (Kawabata) , Kawabata Kazushige 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClarifying the endogenous processes that construct gross aerial shapes such as branching architecture in plants is crucial to understanding how branching contributes to plant adaptation to environments. Architectural analysis is powerful in decomposing the branching process, by comparing observations of plant growth among closely related taxa. The genus Sasa (Gramineae: Bambusoideae) contains three major sections Crassinodi, Sasa and Macrochlamys. These sections exhibit characteristic branching architectures and are distributed separately across the Japanese archipelago, in relation to macroclimatic conditions such as snow accumulation. Our study aimed to quantitatively reveal the endogenous processes underlying branching architectures in the three sections of Sasa. Long-term observations were carried out branch architectural development on Hokkaido Island from 1979 to 2012, which corresponded to the flowering interval of the genus. The results revealed that the three characteristic branching systems of the genus arise mainly from four endogenous processes (distribution of lateral buds on a culm, internode length arrangement along a culm, determination of the fate of lateral buds, development of branching with culm fragility due to ageing) and their interactions with environmental conditions, especially snow accumulation. These processes are coordinated with each other over the life span of a single shoot in developing branching architecture.
Cloud 3D-QSAR: a web tool for the development of quantitative structure–activity relationship models in drug discovery
Authors: Wang Yu-Liang , Wang Fan , Shi Xing-Xing , Jia Chen-Yang , Wu Feng-Xu , Hao Ge-Fei , Yang Guang-Fu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Effective drug discovery contributes to the treatment of numerous diseases but is limited by high costs and long cycles. The Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) method was introduced to evaluate the activity of a large number of compounds virtually, reducing the time and labor costs required for chemical synthesis and experimental determination. Hence, this method increases the efficiency of drug discovery. To meet the needs of researchers to utilize this technology, numerous QSAR-related web servers, such as Web-4D-QSAR and DPubChem, have been developed in recent years. However, none of the servers mentioned above can perform a complete QSAR modeling and supply activity prediction functions. We introduce Cloud 3D-QSAR by integrating the functions of molecular structure generation, alignment, molecular interaction field (MIF) computing and results analysis to provide a one-stop solution. We rigidly validated this server, and the activity prediction correlation was R2 = 0.934 in 834 test molecules. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 86.9%, 94.5% and 91.5%, respectively, with AUC = 0.981, AUCPR = 0.971. The Cloud 3D-QSAR server may facilitate the development of good QSAR models in drug discovery. Our server is free and now available at http://chemyang.ccnu.edu.cn/ccb/server/cloud3dQSAR/ and http://agroda.gzu.edu.cn:9999/ccb/server/cloud3dQSAR/.
InstaDock: A single-click graphical user interface for molecular docking-based virtual high-throughput screening
Authors: Mohammad Taj , Mathur Yash , Hassan Md Imtaiyaz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExploring protein–ligand interactions is a subject of immense interest, as it provides deeper insights into molecular recognition, mechanism of interaction and subsequent functions. Predicting an accurate model for a protein–ligand interaction is a challenging task. Molecular docking is a computational method used for predicting the preferred orientation, binding conformations and the binding affinity of a ligand to a macromolecular target, especially protein. It has been applied in ‘virtual high-throughput screening’ of chemical libraries containing millions of compounds to find potential leads in drug design and discovery. Here, we have developed InstaDock, a free and open access Graphical User Interface (GUI) program that performs molecular docking and high-throughput virtual screening efficiently. InstaDock is a single-click GUI that uses QuickVina-W, a modified version of AutoDock Vina for docking calculations, made especially for the convenience of non-bioinformaticians and for people who are not experts in using computers. InstaDock facilitates onboard analysis of docking and visual results in just a single click. To sum up, InstaDock is the easiest and more interactive interface than ever existing GUIs for molecular docking and high-throughput virtual screening. InstaDock is freely available for academic and industrial research purposes via https://hassanlab.org/instadock.
Elevation as a selective force on mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes of thePhrynocephaluslizards in the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Jin Yuanting , Y C Brandt Débora , Li Jiasheng , Wo Yubin , Tong Haojie , Shchur Vladimir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnimals living in extremely high elevations have to adapt to low temperatures and low oxygen availability (hypoxia), but the underlying genetic mechanisms associated with these adaptations are still unclear. The mitochondrial respiratory chain can provide &gt;95% of the ATP in animal cells, and its efficiency is influenced by temperature and oxygen availability. Therefore, the respiratory chain complexes (RCCs) could be important molecular targets for positive selection associated with respiratory adaptation in high-altitude environments. Here, we investigated positive selection in 5 RCCs and their assembly factors by analyzing sequences of 106 genes obtained through RNA-seq of all 15 Chinese Phrynocephalus lizard species, which are distributed from lowlands to the Tibetan plateau (average elevation &gt;4,500 m). Our results indicate that evidence of positive selection on RCC genes is not significantly different from assembly factors, and we found no difference in selective pressures among the 5 complexes. We specifically looked for positive selection in lineages where changes in habitat elevation happened. The group of lineages evolving from low to high altitude show stronger signals of positive selection than lineages evolving from high to low elevations. Lineages evolving from low to high elevation also have more shared codons under positive selection, though the changes are not equivalent at the amino acid level. This study advances our understanding of the genetic basis of animal respiratory metabolism evolution in extreme high environments and provides candidate genes for further confirmation with functional analyses.
Abandoning resectional intent in patients initially deemed suitable for esophagectomy: a nationwide study of risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Edholm David , Lindblad Mats , Linder Gustav 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe main curative treatment modality for esophageal cancer is resection. Patients initially deemed suitable for resection may become unsuitable, most commonly due to signs of generalized disease or having become unfit for surgery. The aim was to assess risk factors for abandoning esophagectomy and its impact on survival. All patients diagnosed with an esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer in the Swedish National Register for Esophageal and Gastric Cancer from 2006–2016 were included and risk factors associated with becoming ineligible for resection were analyzed in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Overall survival was explored by multivariable Cox regression models. Among 1,792 patients planned for resection, 189 (11%) became unsuitable for resection before surgery and 114 (6%) had exploratory surgery without resection. Intermediate and high educational levels were associated with an increased probability of resection (odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.05, OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.28–2.87, respectively) as was marital status (married: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.85). Clinically advanced disease (cT4: OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.87; cN3: OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.81) and neoadjuvant treatment were associated with a decreased probability of resection (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46–0.88).Five-year survival for non-resected patients was only 4.5% although neoadjuvant treatment was associated with improved survival (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.56–0.99). Non-resected patients with squamous cell carcinoma had comparatively reduced survival (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.10–2.43). High socioeconomic status was associated with an increased probability of completing the plan to resect whereas clinically advanced disease and neoadjuvant treatment were independent factors associated with increased risk of abandoning resectional intent.
Optimal selection of endoscopic resection in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: endoscopic mucosal resection versus endoscopic submucosal dissection according to lesion size
Authors: Kawashima Kazumasa , Abe Seiichiro , Koga Masakazu , Nonaka Satoru , Suzuki Haruhisa , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Oda Ichiro , Hikichi Takuto , Ohira Hiromasa , Saito Yutaka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
En bloc resection is essential for accurate pathological evaluation in patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SESCC). This retrospective study aimed to clarify optimal treatment selection of endoscopic resection according to lesion size. A total of 760 patients underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) between January 2011 and December 2015. Among them, this retrospective study included 196 solitary index SESCC lesions ≤20 mm, with the deepest invasion to the mucosa or superficial submucosa endoscopically. The lesions were classified according to size measured via endoscopy as follows; group A: lesions ≤10 mm, group B: lesions ≥11 mm but ≤15 mm, and group C: lesions ≥16 mm but ≤20 mm. The short- and long-term outcomes were investigated for EMR and ESD subgroups. In patients undergoing EMR and ESD, en bloc resection rates for group A and B were not different (98.8 vs. 100%, 93.3 vs. 100%, respectively). However, the en bloc resection rate was significantly lower in EMR than that in ESD for group C (64.3 vs. 100%, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the use of adjunctive ablative therapy rate was significantly higher in EMR than that in ESD in group C (35.7 vs. 0%, P &lt; 0.001). The 5-year cumulative local recurrence rate of group C was significantly higher than that of group A + B after EMR (P &lt; 0.01). EMR was an adequate treatment for SESCC lesions ≤15 mm. On the other hand, ESD could be necessary to achieve en bloc resection for lesions ≥16 mm to avoid local recurrence.
Fit-for-Discharge Criteria after Esophagectomy: An International Expert Delphi Consensus
Authors: Müller P C , Kapp J R , Vetter D , Bonavina L , Brown W , Castro S , Cheong E , Darling G E , Egberts J , Ferri L , Gisbertz S S , Gockel I , Grimminger P P , Hofstetter W L , Hölscher A H , Low D E , Luyer M , Markar S R , Mönig S P , Moorthy K , Morse C R , Müller-Stich B P , Nafteux P , Nieponice A , Nieuwenhuijzen G A P , Nilsson M , Palanivelu C , Pattyn P , Pera M , Räsänen J , Ribeiro U , Rosman C , Schröder W , Sgromo B , van Berge Henegouwen M I , van Hillegersberg R , van Veer H , van Workum F , Watson D I , Wijnhoven B P L , Gutschow C A 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThere are no internationally recognized criteria available to determine preparedness for hospital discharge after esophagectomy. This study aims to achieve international consensus using Delphi methodology. The expert panel consisted of 40 esophageal surgeons spanning 16 countries and 4 continents. During a 3-round, web-based Delphi process, experts voted for discharge criteria using 5-point Likert scales. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Consensus was reached if agreement was ≥75% in round 3. Consensus was achieved for the following basic criteria: nutritional requirements are met by oral intake of at least liquids with optional supplementary nutrition via jejunal feeding tube. The patient should have passed flatus and does not require oxygen during mobilization or at rest. Central venous catheters should be removed. Adequate analgesia at rest and during mobilization is achieved using both oral opioid and non-opioid analgesics. All vital signs should be normal unless abnormal preoperatively. Inflammatory parameters should be trending down and close to normal (leucocyte count ≤12G/l and C-reactive protein ≤80 mg/dl). This multinational Delphi survey represents the first expert-led process for consensus criteria to determine ‘fit-for-discharge’ status after esophagectomy. Results of this Delphi survey may be applied to clinical outcomes research as an objective measure of short-term recovery. Furthermore, standardized endpoints identified through this process may be used in clinical practice to guide decisions regarding patient discharge and may help to reduce the risk of premature discharge or prolonged admission.
The consolidation of royal control: evidence from northern Castile, 1352–1787
Authors: Figueroa Valentín 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Rulers of modern states consolidated control over territories that were previously complicated mosaics of private political jurisdictions. Systematic information about this process is sparse. This article analyzes village-level transition paths between jurisdictions—royal, seigneurial, and ecclesiastical—in northern Castile in the period 1352–1787. It quantifies how much power different types of lords preserved or lost to the Crown in the long run and also offers conjectural estimates showing that exposure to opportunities for trade led to more resilient and larger royal domains—at the expense of secular lords, but not of the Catholic Church.
Impaired Myocardial Energetics Causes Mechanical Dysfunction in Decompensated Failing Hearts
Authors: Lopez Rachel , Marzban Bahador , Gao Xin , Lauinger Ellen , Van den Bergh Françoise , Whitesall Steven E , Converso-Baran Kimber , Burant Charles F , Michele Daniel E , Beard Daniel A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cardiac mechanical function is supported by ATP hydrolysis, which provides the chemical-free energy to drive the molecular processes underlying cardiac pumping. Physiological rates of myocardial ATP consumption require the heart to resynthesize its entire ATP pool several times per minute. In the failing heart, cardiomyocyte metabolic dysfunction leads to a reduction in the capacity for ATP synthesis and associated free energy to drive cellular processes. Yet it remains unclear if and how metabolic/energetic dysfunction that occurs during heart failure affects mechanical function of the heart. We hypothesize that changes in phosphate metabolite concentrations (ATP, ADP, inorganic phosphate) that are associated with decompensation and failure have direct roles in impeding contractile function of the myocardium in heart failure, contributing to the whole-body phenotype. To test this hypothesis, a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) rat model of pressure overload, hypertrophy, and decompensation was used to assess relationships between metrics of whole-organ pump function and myocardial energetic state. A multiscale computational model of cardiac mechanoenergetic coupling was used to identify and quantify the contribution of metabolic dysfunction to observed mechanical dysfunction. Results show an overall reduction in capacity for oxidative ATP synthesis fueled by either fatty acid or carbohydrate substrates as well as a reduction in total levels of adenine nucleotides and creatine in myocardium from TAC animals compared to sham-operated controls. Changes in phosphate metabolite levels in the TAC rats are correlated with impaired mechanical function, consistent with the overall hypothesis. Furthermore, computational analysis of myocardial metabolism and contractile dynamics predicts that increased levels of inorganic phosphate in TAC compared to control animals kinetically impair the myosin ATPase crossbridge cycle in decompensated hypertrophy/heart failure.
Older People’s Nonphysical Contacts and Depression During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Pasqualini Marta , Bordone Valeria , Solé-Auró Aïda 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
With the goal of slowing down the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, restrictions to physical contacts have been taken in many countries. We examine to what extent intergenerational and other types of nonphysical contacts have reduced the risk of increased perceived depressive feelings during the lockdown for people aged 50+.

Research Design and Methods
We implemented an online panel survey based on quota sampling in France, Italy, and Spain in April 2020, about 1 month after the start of the lockdown. Our analyses are based on logistic regression models and use post-stratification weights.

Results
About 50% of individuals aged 50+ felt sad or depressed more often than usual during the lockdown in the 3 considered countries. Older people who increased or maintained unchanged nonphysical contacts with noncoresident individuals during the lockdown were at a lower risk of increased perceived depressive feelings compared to those who experienced a reduction in nonphysical contacts. The beneficial effect of nonphysical contacts was stronger for intergenerational relationships. The effects were similar by gender and stronger among individuals aged 70+, living in Spain and not living alone before the start of the lockdown.

Discussion and Implications
In the next phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, or during any future similar pandemic, policy makers may implement measures that balance the need to reduce the spread of the virus with the necessity of allowing for limited physical contacts. Social contacts at a distance may be encouraged as a means to keep social closeness, while being physically distant.