bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of processing conditions on properties and morphology of chitosan/lovastatin particles
Authors: Thang Dam Xuan , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Ngoc Dinh Hong , Tung Nguyen Quang , Hoang Thai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the effect of processing conditions on properties and morphology of chitosan particles loading lovastatin as a model drug. The processing conditions were investigated here including solvents for dissolution of drug, emulsifier content and temperature of drying process. Two solvents chosen to dissolve lovastatin were ethanol and dichloromethane. Polyethylene oxide used as an emulsifier with different contents for preparation of chitosan/lovastatin particles. Two methods for evaporation of water in the samples were freeze‐drying and natural air drying in convection oven. The characteristic properties and morphology of chitosan/lovastatin particles were observed, determined and evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectra, size distribution, and scanning emission microscopy images. From the above data and images, we can find the most suitable condition for the preparation of chitosan/lovastatin particles.
Synthesis of new 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives from vanillin and β‐naphthol
Authors: Tai Thai Duy Phuoc , Ngoan Le Hoang , Thanh Le Thanh , Duy Vo Duc , Thanh Le Tin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe herein report the synthesis of two new 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives from vanillin and β‐naphthol. These 1,2,3‐triazoles contain the diaryl ether moiety which has been synthesized via SNAr reaction under mild conditions and in excellent yields. Chemical structures of these triazoles were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses (HR‐MS, NMR, IR).
A new iridoid from leaves of Avicennia officinalis L.
Authors: Thu Nguyen Thi Hoai , Hoang Tran , Vinh Nguyen Hoang Tien , Phung Nguyen Kim Phi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAvicennia officinalis L., Avicenniaceae,is a widespread plant in mangrove forests in Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia,… A. officinalis’s chemical compositions remain mostly unknown. Therefore, we now report on the structural elucidation of six compounds isolated from this plant growing in Can Gio mangrove forest in Ho Chi Minh City by using a variety of chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy analysis as well as compared with data in the literature. They areaviridoid(1), (1S,5R,8S,9R)‐2'‐(E‐coumaroyl)mussaenosidic acid (2), velutin (3), α‐tocopherol (4), and a mixture of 6‐methoxynaphtho[2,3‐b]‐furan‐4,9‐quinone (5) and 7‐methoxynaphtho[2,3‐b]‐furan‐4,9‐quinone (6). To the best of our knowledge, (1) is a new compound while (2), (4), (5) and (6) are obtained from Avicennia genus for the first time. Further studies on this species are in progress.
Preparation and properties of rubber nanocomposites based on NR/NBR blend reinforced with nanosilica and carbon black
Authors: Hiep Ngo Quang , Huy Tran Huu , Nguyen Pham Cong , Sy Do Trung , Khang Do Quang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRubber nanocomposites based on natural rubber (NR)‐butadiene nitrile rubber (NBR) blend filled with silane modified nanosilica (NSBT) and carbon black (CB) were prepared by melt mixing method by using an internal mixer. The effect of CB and NSBT on thermo‐mechanical properties of the materials was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic‐mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile testing method. The results show that the NR/NBR blends reinforced with both CB and NSBT possess the properties much better than that reinforced with only CB or NSBT. With the CB/NSBT ratio of 25/5, the properties of the NR/NBR blends were remarkably enhanced, especially the increase in tensile strength by about 64 % and the increase in the thermal stability by about 13°C. The reasons for the improvement of NR/NBR blends’ properties are due to better compatibility of the components in the rubber blend as well as the better compactness in their structure with the presence of NSBT.
Simulation of summer precipitation diurnal cycles over the Tibetan Plateau at the gray-zone grid spacing for cumulus parameterization
Authors: Ou Tinghai , Chen Deliang , Chen Xingchao , Lin Changgui , Yang Kun , Lai Hui-Wen , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) is often referred to as the “water tower of Asia” or the “Third Pole”. It remains a challenge for most global and regional models to realistically simulate precipitation, especially its diurnal cycles, over the TP. This study focuses on evaluating the summer (June–August) precipitation diurnal cycles over the TP simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The horizontal resolution used in this study is 9 km, which is within the gray-zone grid spacing that a cumulus parameterization scheme (CU) may or may not be used. We conducted WRF simulations with different cumulus schemes (CU experiments) and a simulation without CU (No_CU experiment). The selected CUs include the Grell-3D Ensemble (Grell), New Simplified Arakawa-Schubert (NSAS), and Multiscale Kain-Fritsch (MSKF). These simulations are compared with both the in-situ observations and satellite products. Results show that the scale-aware MSKF outperforms the other CUs in simulating precipitation in terms of both the mean intensity and diurnal cycles. In addition, the peak time of precipitation intensity is better captured by all the CU experiments than by the No_CU experiment. However, all the CU experiments tend to overestimate the mean precipitation and simulate an earlier peak of precipitation frequency when compared to observations. The frequencies and initiation timings for short-duration (1–3 h) and long-duration (> 6 h) precipitation events are well captured by the No_CU experiment, while these features are poorly reproduced by the CU experiments. The results demonstrate simulation without a CU outperforms those with a CU at the gray-zone spatial resolution in regard to the precipitation diurnal cycles.
Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of intrauterine embryonic and larval stages of Ityogonimus lorum (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) involving transitory development of ciliated miracidia
Authors: Świderski Zdzisław , Conn David Bruce , Miquel Jordi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResults of the present study provide ultrastructural evidence that miracidial morphogenesis is fully completed within the intrauterine eggs while in the most posterior uterine regions of Ityogonimus lorum, a digenean parasite of an Iberian mole, Talpa occidentalis (Eulipotyphla, Talpidae). Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the ultrastructural characteristics of diverse cell types and their organelles of these developing embryos and fully formed miracidia within the eggshell were examined. The eggshell and embryonic envelopes are similar to those described previously by many authors for other digeneans. However, the developing miracidia are unique among previously described digeneans in possessing transitory cilia during larvigenesis, but completely lacking cilia in fully formed miracidium larvae. The evidence for completion of miracidial maturation in intrauterine eggs is based on the presence of the following structures: (1) transitional stage of ciliated differentiating miracidial epithelium; (2) apical and lateral glands, characteristic for digenean miracidia; and (3) fully developed germinative cells grouped together in the germinative sac localized in the posterior region of the miracidium. The protonephridial system with its characteristic flame cells and the nervous system with diverse types of neurons and nerve centers, which are characteristic for other digenean species reported until now, are absent from all these developmental stages of I. lorum. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that the life cycle of I. lorum is entirely terrestrial, involving passive transmission by ingestion of eggs containing unciliated miracidia to the first intermediate host.
Effectiveness of current psychological interventions to improve emotion regulation in youth: a meta-analysis
Authors: Moltrecht Bettina , Deighton Jessica , Patalay Praveetha , Edbrooke-Childs Julian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Research investigating the role of emotion regulation (ER) in the development and treatment of psychopathology has increased in recent years. Evidence suggests that an increased focus on ER in treatment can improve existing interventions. Most ER research has neglected young people, therefore the present meta-analysis summarizes the evidence for existing psychosocial intervention and their effectiveness to improve ER in youth. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-one randomized-control-trials (RCTs) assessed changes in ER following a psychological intervention in youth exhibiting various psychopathological symptoms. We found moderate effect sizes for current interventions to decrease emotion dysregulation in youth (g = − 0.46) and small effect sizes to improve emotion regulation (g = 0.36). Significant differences between studies including intervention components, ER measures and populations studied resulted in large heterogeneity. This is the first meta-analysis that summarizes the effectiveness for existing interventions to improve ER in youth. The results suggest that interventions can enhance ER in youth, and that these improvements correlate with improvements in psychopathology. More RCTs including larger sample sizes, different age groups and psychopathologies are needed to increase our understanding of what works for who and when.
The impact of neighborhood services on land values: an estimation through the hedonic pricing model
Authors: Aziz Asad , Anwar Muhammad Mushahid , Dawood Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA strong need exists to increase the knowledge and recognize the values of neighborhood services. This paper makes an attempt to examine the impact of neighborhood services on land values, through analysis based on results obtained from multi linear regression analysis. This case study was done in area of dense urban settlement to check the consequence of neighborhood services through the hedonic pricing model base variables which include the structural, locational, community and neighborhood services. The regression coefficient was checked at (p < 0.05) level of significance for each variable. The primary data was collect through the questionnaire filling by random sampling and Punjab Urban Gazette was used for the verification of land values in study area. The results found a valuable potential on land and property values of neighborhood services through the regression analysis results express through R (0.926), R2 (0.856) and coefficient tables to represent the effect of each individual variable on property and land values. Every individual variable play role in defining the values of land and property based upon its utilization such as larger the structure of a property, more the covered area, larger size of a property more the land area higher price. Similarly, for locational factor study in geography, a piece of land adjacent to the road have high land values 50–70% compare to those located at distance. Very less attention has been paid on such issues in the world due to lack of effective urban planning and research on such crucial issues. If empirical studies on such issue has been done, effective way can be obtained for urban planning.
Creating a Validated Simulation Training Curriculum in Otolaryngology
Authors: Bhalla Sanjana , Tolley Neil , Awad Zaid 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Simulation-based training is an integral component of surgical training. It allows practice of technical skills within a safe environment without compromising patient safety. This article seeks to review current virtual and non-virtual reality simulation models within the literature and review their validation status.

Recent Findings
Many simulation models exist within otolaryngology and are currently being used for education. New models are also continuously being developed; however, validity should be proven for the models before incorporating their use for educational purposes. Validity should be determined by experts and trainees themselves.

Summary
A validated simulation curriculum should be incorporated within the otolaryngology training programme. A curriculum based on the current training programme at our institution serves as an exemplar for local adoption.
Modification of Silicon Microsegregation in Solid-Solution-Strengthened Ductile Iron by Alloying with Aluminum
Authors: Franzen D. , Weiß P. , Pustal B. , Bührig-Polaczek A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn solid-solution-strengthened ferritic ductile iron (SSFDI), a silicon content above 4.3 wt% leads to an abrupt decrease in ultimate tensile strength and elongation at fracture. This phenomenon has recently been proven to be attributed to the formation of iron–silicon long-range orderings that lead to an embrittlement of the material. It is assumed that the local tendency to form silicon superstructures is promoted in particular by the occurrence of silicon microsegregation. During solidification of ductile iron, silicon segregates inversely into the austenite. Thus, the highest silicon concentration is larger than the initial concentration of the melt and is located directly at the graphite nodules. As a straight consequence, the presence of silicon superstructures is expected primarily in these areas. Therefore, the focus is on homogenization of the silicon microsegregation profile in order to avoid the formation of brittle iron–silicon superstructures. For this purpose, in the present study the alloying concept of SSFDI is adapted. Thermodynamic–kinetic simulations as well as experimental investigations indicate that aluminum concentrations of approx. 1.2 wt% lead to an inversion of the silicon microsegregation. The findings provide a promising tool to shift the silicon embrittlement in SSFDI to higher silicon concentrations. This method could be used to increase the maximum strength, to improve toughness properties or to increase the process integrity against deviations in silicon content.
Exploring Hidden Local Ordering in Microemulsions with a Weak Directive Second Order Parameter
Authors: Kerscher Michael , Lipfert Frederik , Frielinghaus Henrich 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSo far, the near-surface ordering of microemulsions was focused on lamellar ordering while the bulk microemulsion was bicontinuous. In a series of different non-ionic surfactants the near-surface ordering of microemulsions at a hydrophilic silicon surface was studied using grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering. For the surfactant C8E3, most likely a gyroid structure was found at the solid–liquid interface, while the more efficient surfactants find lamellar ordering up to lamellar capillary condensation. The ranges for near-surface ordering are deeper than the bulk correlation lengths. These findings point towards theories that use directional order parameters that would lead to deeper near-surface ordering than simple theories with a single scalar order parameter would predict. Rheology experiments display high viscosities at very low shear rates and, therefore, support the existence of a directional order parameter.
Ploughing-Pulling Forming for Wicking Structure of Flat Micro-Groove Heat Pipe and Machine Tool Optimization
Authors: Li Xibing , Ye Zhixiong , Li Nanpeng , Chen Jialun , Zou Tengyue 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIn forming procedure of the micro grooves in the flat micro-groove heat pipe, the tie rod is often observed to be broken and the multi-tooth cutter is damaged due to the sharp increase of the ploughing-pulling pressure. This paper theoretically analyzes the factors affecting the capillary heat transferring limit of the micro-groove heat pipe, and simulates the machining process using finite element to acquire the best processing parameters: the squeeze angle is 120°, the drawing depth is 0.25mm, and the ploughing-pulling velocity is 100mm/s. Then these parameters are verified by real manufacturing experiments. The experimental results show that the ploughing-pulling pressure of the micro-groove forming process is close to the strength limit of the rod or multi-tooth cutter, and the process makes little swarf during work. Thus, only using the appropriate machine tool parameters, forming parameters and forming methods can make the wicking structure of flat micro-groove micro-heat pipe with the best heat transferring performance.
Nematocidal effect of Piper retrofractum Vahl on morphology and ultrastructure of Strongyloides stercoralis third-stage infective larvae
Authors: Riyong D. , Sangkhantree C. , Champakaew D. , Jitpakdi A. , Tippawangkosol P. , Junkum A. , Chaithong U. , Wannasan A. , Yasanya T. , Somboon P. , Pitasawat B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In a previous research work aimed at discovering natural helminthicides as alternatives to conventional synthetic drugs, Piper retrofractum fruit hexane extract (PHE) has been shown to possess promising nematocidal activity against the third-stage infective larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition and the impact of PHE on symptom and structural alterations of S. stercoralis. Chemical analysis of PHE by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry demonstrated 26 different compounds, constituting 100% of the total composition. The main components were 4-acetylphenyl (4-benzoylphenoxy) acetate (14.86%) and octyl methoxycinnamate (12.72%). Nematocidal bioassays revealed promising potential of PHE against S. stercoralis larvae, with an LC50 value of 0.059 mg/ml, while the reference drug ivermectin exerted higher efficacy, with an LC50 value of 0.020 µg/ml. Behavioural observations under light microscopy revealed that PHE-treated S. stercoralis larvae moved slowly, became paralysed and eventually died during 24 h of incubation. The dead larvae appeared under light microscope as straight worms with unknown vacuoles of different sizes inside their internal bodies. Morphological alterations of the PHE-treated S. stercoralis larvae, such as straight bodies with swollen cuticle, faded transverse annulations and faded longitudinal striations, as well as shallow and smooth lateral longitudinal grooves, were seen clearly under scanning electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes in the treated larvae, such as protruded lateral longitudinal grooves, loose muscle with vacuolation, dissociation between the hypodermis and cuticle and marked intracellular disorganization with vacuolation, were detected under transmission electron microscopy. The results of this study provide evidence that PHE is toxic against S. stercoralis and also a potential new alternative for anti-Strongyloides chemotherapy.
Human occupation, impacts and environmental management of Bunger Hills
Authors: Gore Damian B. , Gibson John A.E. , Leishman Michelle R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe types and distributions of anthropogenic rubbish have been documented at Bunger Hills, East Antarctica. The area has been the site of scientific research stations from 1958 to the present. Rubbish types include deliberately or negligently discarded items (gas cylinders, broken glass), abandoned unserviceable equipment (boats, vehicles, scientific equipment), spills (chemicals, fuel, oil) and the slow collapse of old buildings. Some rubbish remained where it was left, while other material was redistributed by strong winds. Modern expeditioner training should limit the production of new rubbish, while inadvertent wind dispersal of rubbish from old station buildings could be minimized by better management of these structures and their surrounds. Buildings and other constructed items need ongoing maintenance if they are not to break down and be distributed by wind, or they should be removed within a reasonable period.
Reanastomosis and rehabilitation of interrupted left pulmonary artery derived from atretic ductus
Authors: Schiff Andrew F. , Williams Derek A. , Ootaki Yoshio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTrue absence of a branch pulmonary artery is rare. We identified a patient initially diagnosed with an absent left pulmonary artery at a previous hospital. Due to disagreement in the initial diagnosis, she had a diagnostic catheterisation, which revealed an isolated left pulmonary artery off the left innominate artery via a ductus. The ductus was recanalised with serial stenting and balloon dilatation followed by reanastomosis to the main pulmonary artery. In a patient who initially is diagnosed with an absent pulmonary artery, an alternative diagnosis, such as this case report, should be considered.
SPHERICALIZATION AND FLATTENING PRESERVE UNIFORM DOMAINS IN NONLOCALLY COMPACT METRIC SPACES
Authors: LI YAXIANG , PONNUSAMY SAMINATHAN , ZHOU QINGSHAN 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to investigate the invariant properties of uniform domains under flattening and sphericalization in nonlocally compact complete metric spaces. Moreover, we show that quasi-Möbius maps preserve uniform domains in nonlocally compact spaces as well.
A Comprehensive Horizon‐Picking Method on Subbottom Profiles by Combining Envelope, Phase Attributes, and Texture Analysis
Authors: Zhao Jianhu , Li Shaobo , Zhao Xi , Feng Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe propose a new method that considers the envelope, phase attributes, and texture analysis of the subbottom profile to automatically obtain continuous and accurate horizon picking. This method overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional methods in envelope and phase automatic horizon picking in terms of accuracy and continuity, and in efficiency when it comes to manual picking. Under the constraint of the envelope threshold from the envelope image and the texture segmentation from the phase image, the accurate envelope horizons are picked from the envelope image. Through mean filtering and template enhancement, the fine phase horizons are picked from the phase image. Finally, by combining the two kinds of picked horizons, more continuous, accurate, and finer horizons are obtained. The proposed method was tested on a real data set.
Radiocarbon Evidence for the Contribution of the Southern Indian Ocean to the Evolution of Atmospheric CO2 Over the Last 32,000 Years
Authors: Ronge Thomas A. , Prange Matthias , Mollenhauer Gesine , Ellinghausen Maret , Kuhn Gerhard , Tiedemann Ralf 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is widely assumed that the ventilation of the Southern Ocean played a crucial role in driving glacial‐interglacial atmospheric CO2 levels. So far, however, ventilation records from the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean are widely missing. Here we present reconstructions of water residence times (depicted as ΔΔ14C and Δδ13C) for the last 32,000 years on sediment records from the Kerguelen Plateau and the Conrad Rise (~570‐ to 2,500‐m water depth), along with simulated changes in ocean stratification from a transient climate model experiment. Our data indicate that Circumpolar Deep Waters in the Indian Ocean were part of the glacial carbon pool. At our sites, close to or bathed by upwelling deep waters, we find two pulses of decreasing ΔΔ14C and δ13C values (~21–17 ka; ~15–12 ka). Both transient pulses precede a similar pattern in downstream intermediate waters in the tropical Indian Ocean as well as rising atmospheric CO2 values. These findings suggest that 14C‐depleted, CO2‐rich Circumpolar Deep Water from the Indian Ocean contributed to the rise in atmospheric CO2 during Heinrich Stadial 1 and also the Younger Dryas and that the southern Indian Ocean acted as a gateway for sequestered carbon to the atmosphere and tropical intermediate waters.