bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile Of Children Referred To Primary Health Care Physiotherapy: A Longitudinal Observational Study In Norway
Authors: Evensen Kari Anne I , Sellæg Siw , Stræte Anne-Cath , Hansen Anne E. , Meisingset Ingebrigt 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Children are referred to primary care physiotherapy services for a variety of reasons, ranging from concerns for motor development to the need for extensive habilitation services. There is limited knowledge about their characteristics and outcome. The aim of this study was to describe the variation in baseline demographical and clinical characteristics as well as treatment outcome at follow-up six months after baseline.
Methods
Children referred to primary care physiotherapy in a municipality in Norway were invited to participate in this longitudinal observational study. The children’s demographics, causes of referral, functional diagnoses, influence on their daily activities, main goals and planned treatments were registered at baseline. Goal attainment and treatment compliance were registered at follow-up maximum six months after baseline.
Results
Baseline characteristics were registered for 148 children by the physiotherapist and for 101 (68.2%) children by their parents. Half of the children were referred from child health care centres due to concerns for motor development, asymmetry and orthopaedic conditions, and most of these children were below the age of one year. There was partly agreement between causes of referral and the physiotherapists’ functional diagnoses. The children’s daily activities were little affected by the problem or complaint for which they were referred. About a third of the children needed only examination. Follow-up data was registered for 64 children. The majority achieved their main treatment goal and the treatment was carried out as planned.
Conclusions
This study describes the profile of a broad spectrum of children referred to physiotherapy in primary health care in Norway. Our findings may guide further interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge transfer between professionals involved in child health care with the goal to balance the use of resources to the need for physiotherapy.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03626389. Registered on August 13th 2018 (retrospectively registered).
Brockarchaeota, a novel archaeal lineage capable of methylotrophy
Authors: De Anda Valerie , Chen Lin-Xing , Dombrowski Nina , Hua Zhengshuang , Jiang Hong-Chen , Banfield Jillian , Li Wen-Jun , Baker Brett 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Single carbon (C1) compounds such as methanol, methylamines and formaldehyde are ubiquitous in nature and they are large components of the carbon cycle. In anoxic environments C1-utilizing microbes (methylotrophs) play an important role in controlling global carbon degradation. Currently described anaerobic methylotrophs are limited to methanogenic archaea, acetogenic bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Here, we report the first archaeal lineage outside of methanogenic taxa that are capable of anaerobic methylotrophy. Phylogenetic analyses suggest these archaea form a new phylum within the TACK superphylum, which we propose be named Brockarchaeota. A survey revealed Brockarchaeota are globally distributed in geothermal springs. Metabolic inference from 15 metagenome-assembled genomes from hot springs and deep-sea sediments indicates that Brockarchaeota are strict anaerobes. They contain a variety C1 metabolisms including the methanol and trimethylamine methyltransferases system, the ribulose bisphosphate pathway coupled with the non-oxidative pentoses phosphate pathway, and reductive glycine pathway. Brockarchaeota have an incomplete methyl-branch of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway probably used for formaldehyde oxidation, since they lack several core genes involved in methanogenesis including methyl-CoM reductases. Brockarchaeota also appear to play an important role in the breakdown of plant-derived polysaccharides, especially cellulose, starch and xylan. Their broad distribution and their capacity to use both C1 compounds and complex polysaccharides via anaerobic metabolism suggest that the Brockarchaeota occupy previously overlooked roles in carbon cycling.
Dextrose 10% Drink is Superior than Sodium Dextrose in Increasing Blood Glucose and Sprint Speed in Soccer Players: a Double-Blinded Randomized Crossover Trial Study
Authors: Bukhari Agussalim , As’ad Suryani , Taslim Nurpudji A , Thaiyeb Mushawwir , Chrissander Ignatius Yuwanda , Pramudyo Febryan Agus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Sports drink should be formulated to be effective in improving sports performance, but there is no standard of agreement about the most effective formulation. The diversity of situations in which these drinks are used for and the various factors might contribute to its specific efficacy. The main elements of a sports drink are water, sugar and salt. The major constituents which can be manipulated to alter the functional effects of sports drinks are the carbohydrate (CHO) concentration, type and the electrolyte content. The solution of either dextrose (D) 4-8 % or sodium dextrose (Na-D) are able to increase the blood glucose (BG). However, there are still no comparison about the differences in effects between solely D versus Na-D on soccer players. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of D supplementation on BG, VO2max, and sprint speed compared with Na-D. Method: We conducted a double-blinded crossover study of a 22 young male (19±1.1 years) soccer players, consumed either D or Na-D fluid. We compared pre and post data of BG, VO2max and sprint speed between D and Na-D group. The primary outcome was differences in ΔBG between D and Na-D group. Secondary outcomes were differences in ΔVO2max and Δsprint speed between D and Na-D group. Results: The mean BG level was higher in D compared with Na-D group [136±22.9 mg/dl vs 118±21.5 mg/dl] (p = 0.009). Mean differences of ΔBG of D (mean before and mean after) compared with ΔBG Na-D (mean before and mean after) is 16.8mg/dl (p = 0.001). The mean of sprint speed is faster in the D group [15.2±1.25 sec vs 15.9±1.61 sec] (p = 0.019), but we found no significant differences in VO2max between both groups [42.1±3.44 ml/min/kg vs 42.3±3.98 ml/min /kg] (p = 0.834). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that D drink without added sodium has a large influence effect in increasing the BG level and sprint speed.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials, NCT04206579. Registered 20/12/2019 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04206579?term=NCT04206579&draw=2&rank=1
CXCL2 as a Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer is Associated with Immune Infiltration and Regulated by miR-215
Authors: An Jia-Xiang , Chen Ying-Ying , Ma Zhao-Sheng , Yu Wen-Jie , Hu Jin-Xi , Cao Fei-Lin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: CXCL2 is a part of chemokine superfamily, which encodes secretory proteins involved in immune regulation and inflammation. The correlation between CXCL2 and prognosis of different cancers, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes are not clear. Methods: We analyzed the expression of CXCL2 and its effect on clinical prognosis through Oncomine database, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) website, Kaplan-Meier plotter, PrognoScan database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). TIMER and GEPIA were used to analyze the correlation between CXCL2 and the gene marker of immune infiltration. StarBase was used to predict the miRNA that may regulate CXCL2. The relationship between miR-532-5p and CXCL2 was detected by qRT-PCR. Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to evaluate the impact of miR-532-5p on clinical prognosis. Results: PrognoScan, Kaplan-Meier plotter and GEPIA database analysis showed that low expression of CXCL2 was associated with poor disease-specific survival time (DSS), relapse-free survival time (RFS) and overall disease survival (OS) in breast cancer patients. In addition, low expression of CXCL2 was associated with poor OS and RFS in patients with lymph node positive breast cancer. CXCL2 expression was positively correlated with the infiltration of B cells, CD4+T and CD8+T cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in BRCA, mainly in Luminal breast cancer. MiR-532-5p can directly regulate CXCL2 expression. High miR-532-5p expression is significantly correlated with HER2 negative, grade 2 and 3 and poor OS in patients with HER+ER- breast cancer. Conclusion: CXCL2 is closely related to the prognosis and immune infiltration level of breast cancer patients, it can be regulated by miR-532-5p.
Identification of Candidate Genes in Early-Stage Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Patients with High-Risk Mortality using 32 Genes Commonly Involved in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hung Chih-Chiang , Huang Hsin-I , MOI SIN HUA 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by multiple subtypes. Breast cancer survival is highly impacted by tumor burden, molecular subtypes, and gene profiles. Gene mutation is a type of genomic instability regarded as having a considerable effect on breast cancer prognosis. Using integrated survival analysis, this study identified candidate genes and a high-risk group of patients with early-stage IDC breast cancer to provide further understanding of the genetic characteristics associated with poor survival. Methods: The gene mutation profiles, baseline demographics, clinicopathological variables, and treatment characteristics of the early-stage breast cancer subpopulation were downloaded from an open access data platform. These data were analyzed for a total of 444 patients. In total, 32 genes commonly involved in breast cancer were listed, and the genes exhibiting significant differences (as estimated using the log-rank test) were selected as the candidate genes. Results: The patients were divided into control, low-risk, and high-risk groups according to their gene mutation profiles. The 5-year overall survival rates were 97.6%, 96.0%, and 68.2%, respectively. The high-risk group had a significantly higher risk of poor overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio = 9.94, 95% confidence interval = 2.24–44.20, P = 0.003) than the other groups and the low-risk group did not have a significantly higher risk of poor overall survival compared with controls. Conclusions: This study proposed an integrative approach for the identification of candidate genes for risk assessment of overall survival in these patients through typical survival analysis methods. The 10 candidate genes selected are particularly involved in cell-cycle processes, DNA repair, and drug resistance; their mutations were found to be generally associated with disease progression or therapeutic resistance, which is commonly associated with poor survival outcomes.
Exosome-Mediated siRNA pool Inhibits Axonal Growth Inhibitor in Cortical Neurons of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Liao Qi , Ming Jiang-Hua , Hu Ge-Liang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: As exosomes have been confirmed as a reservoir of siRNAs involved in certain diseases, the current study aims to investigate whether exosomal-siRNA could exert a protective role in spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods and Results: Exosomes in our experiment were isolated from lysosomal membrane-associated protein 2b (Lamp2b) overexpression HEK 293T cells, and purity of exosomes was characterized by the expression of CD9, CD47, and CD63 via western blot. Furthermore, the siRNA pool contains four siRNAs including siRNA-NgR, siRNA-LINGO-1, siRNA-Troy, and siRNA-PTEN was loaded to the exosomes, which indicated a significant role for the siRNA pool in reducing the expression of axon growth inhibitory factors. Upon the completion of loading into exosomes (exo-siRNA pool), the exo-siRNA pool was injected into primary cortical neurons of the SCI model in rats before cell proliferation and Rho expression were determined With the results revealed that purified addition could be applied to future experiments. The exo-siRNA pooled transfection caused downregulation of axon growth suppressors in primary cortical neurons including Nogo receptors (NgR), leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 (LINGO-1), Troy, and phosphatase and tenson homolog (PTEN). Cell proliferation and Rho expression of primary cortical neurons inhibited the expression of axonal growth inhibitors in rats with SCI by transfecting exogenous Sirna. Conclusion: This study confirmed that exosomes derived from Lamp2b overexpression HEK 293T cells facilitated both the recovery of functions and the survival of neurons when being loaded with the siRNA pool.
Anti-tumor effect of miR-1291 in colon cancer cells
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Hirose Haruka , Yokoyama Yuhki , Ikeshima Ryo , Tsujimura Naoki , Bonkobara Saki , Takeda Koki , Hata Tsuyoshi , Inoue Akira , Hiraki Masayuki , Ohtsuka Masahisa , Nishida Naohiro , Takahashi Hidekazu , Haraguchi Naotsugu , Tanaka Shinji , Wu Xin , Mori Masaki , Yamamoto Hirofumi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are drug-tolerant and cause distant metastasis and recurrence in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, CSC-targeted therapy may be an effective curative approach in CRC. MiR-1291 has an anti-tumor effect in carcinoma of kidney, esophagus, pancreas, and prostate. However, there is no report about the effect of miR-1291 on CRC.Methods: In this study, we took CSC marker DCLK-1 as a target gene, and screened promising miRNAs that may suppress DCLK-1 by using TargetScan Human. We performed luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time PCR analysis, and Western blot analysis to verify the interaction between DCLK-1 and miR-1291 in CRC cells. We also confirmed the function of miR-1291 on cancer stemness by identifying the expression of Bmi1 and CD133 in CRC cells by quantitative real-time PCR analysis, Western blot analysis, and flow cytometric analysis, as well as performing sphere formation assay. We also explored the effect of miR-1291 on cell proliferation, invasion, and wound-healing, colony formation, and cell cycle regulation. Results: We found a 7-base seed sequence of miR-1291 that matches the 3’ UTR sequence of DCLK-1 using TargetScan Human. A luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-1291 directly bound the 3’ UTR sequence of DCLK-1 and suppressed its expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, miR-1291 suppressed CSC markers Bmi1 and CD133 as well as sphere formation ability in CRC cells. Moreover, miR-1291 significantly suppressed the proliferation, invasion, wound-healing, and colony formation capability of colon cancer cell lines. MiR-1291 caused altered expression of the cell cycle-regulatory proteins representatively, CDK inhibitors p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-1291 has an anti-tumor effect by modulating multiple functions, including, cancer stemness, cell cycle, and invasiveness. Our data suggest that miR-1291 could be a promising nucleic acid medicine against CRC.
Established fibrous peritoneal metastasis in an immunocompetent mouse model accurately reflects the real clinical immune microenvironment of gastric cancer
Authors: Fujimori Daisuke , Kinoshita Jun , Yamaguchi Takahisa , Nakamura Yusuke , Gunjigake Katsuya , Ohama Takashi , Sato Koichi , Yamamoto Masami , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Nomura Sachiyo , Ohta Tetsuo , Fushida Sachio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Peritoneal metastasis (PM) in gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by diffusely infiltrating and proliferating cancer cells accompanied by extensive stromal fibrosis in the peritoneal space. The prognosis of GC with PM is still poor regardless of the various current treatments. In order to elucidate the cause of difficulties in PM treatment, we compared the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in primary and PM lesions in GC. In addition, a PM model with fibrous stroma was constructed using immunocompetent mice to determine whether its TME was similar to that in patients. MethodsImmuno-histochemical analyses of infiltrating immune cells were performed in paired primary and PM lesions from 28 patients with GC. A C57BL/6J mouse model with PM was established using the mouse GC cell line YTN16 either with or without co-inoculation of mouse myofibroblast cell line LmcMF with a-SMA expression. The resected PM from each mouse model was analyzed the immunocompetent cells using immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe number of CD8+ cells was significantly lower in PM lesions than in primary lesions (P<0.01). Conversely, the number of CD163+ cells (M2 macrophages) was significantly higher in PM lesions than in primary lesions (P=0.016). Azan staining revealed that YTN16 and LmcMF co-inoculated tumors were more fibrous than tumor with YTN16 alone (P<0.05). Co-inoculated fibrous tumor also showed an invasive growth pattern and higher progression than tumor with YTN16 alone (P=0.045). Additionally, YTN16 and LmcMF co-inoculated tumors showed lower infiltration of CD8+ cells and higher infiltration of M2 macrophages than tumors with YTN16 alone (P<0.05, P<0.05). These results indicate that LmcMF plays as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) by crosstalk with YTN16 and CAFs contribute tumor progression, invasion, fibrosis, and immune suppression.ConclusionsThis model is the first immunocompetent mouse model to accurately reflect the TME of human clinical PM. By using this model, new treatment strategies for PM, such as anti-CAFs therapies, may be developed.
Evaluation of S2 Alar and Traditional S1 Pedicle Fixation for Severe Lumbar Spondylolisthesis in Different Bone Mineral Densities: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Wang Juehan , Chen Wei , Yang Xi , Zhu Ce , Ling Tingxian , Feng Ganjun , Song Yueming , Liu Limin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a common disease in older populations. The surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis has a history of more than 50 years, with L5-S1 screws widely used in clinical practice to reduce slippage and fusion. However, some patients with severe lumbar spondylolisthesis and osteoporosis could have complications, such as internal fixation rupture, S1 screw loosening, and incomplete slippage reduction. To better treat this kind of patient, sacral screw fixation is gradually becoming more common. Little is known about the biomechanical performance of L5-S2 alar internal fixation constructs after posterior lumbar interbody fusion. This study aimed to compare L5-S1 reduction and fixation methods and explore whether extending the fixation to include the S2 alar can significantly improve the stability of the internal fixation device. METHODS: Two kinds of validated finite element models of the L5-S1 segment were reconstructed via computed tomography images, including (1) the L5-S1 screw fixation model and (2) the L5-S2 alar fixation model. The inverse repair was performed using Geomagic software, the internal fixation device was drawn using Creo software, and the model parameters were set and analyzed using ANSYS Workbench software. Results: The average load of the L5-S2 alar internal fixation device was 86.9-111% higher than that of the L5-S1 fixation device when the internal bone of the S1 screw canal yielded. In the L5-S1 fixation model, the stress was concentrated in the tail of the S1 screw, and in the L5-S2 alar fixation model, the stress was concentrated in the titanium rod. In the L5-S2 alar fixation method, the internal deformation of the S1 screw track was scattered and uniform, while in the L5-S1 fixation method, local bone destruction in the front and back ends of the screw track was prone to occur due to the stress concentration. Conclusion: Extending fixation to the S2 wing can significantly improve internal fixation device stability and reduce the risk of intraoperative and postoperative fractures while avoiding injury to the sacroiliac joint, reducing the difficulty of surgery and the risk of injury to surrounding tissues. It is a reasonable plan for the treatment of moderate and severe lumbar spondylolisthesis with osteoporosis.
Treatment-Related Damage in Elderly-Onset ANCA Associated Vasculitis: Safety Outcome Analysis of Two Nationwide Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Sada Ken-ei , Ohashi Keiji , Asano Yosuke , Hayashi Keigo , Morishita Michiko , Watanabe Haruki , Matsumoto Yoshinori , Fujimoto Shouichi , Takasaki Yoshinari , Yamagata Kunihiro , Banno Shogo , Dobashi Hiroaki , Amano Koichi , Harigai Masayoshi , Arimura Yoshihiro , Makino Hirofumi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: It is not elucidated that treatment-related damage in elderly patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods: Elderly (≥75 years of age) patients were enrolled from two nationwide prospective inception cohort studies. The primary outcome was 12-month treatment-related Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) score. Secondary outcomes included serious infections within 6 months, total VDI score, remission, and relapse. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared across three different initial glucocorticoid (GC) dose groups: high-dose, prednisolone (PSL) ≥ 0.8 mg/kg/day; medium-dose, 0.6 ≤ PSL < 0.8 mg/kg/day; and low-dose, PSL < 0.6 mg/kg/day. Results: Of the 179 eligible patients, the mean age was 80.0 years; 111 (62%) were female. The mean Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score was 16.1. Myeloperoxidase-ANCA findings were positive in 168 (94%) patients, while proteinase3-ANCA findings were positive in 11 (6%). The low-dose group was older and had higher serum creatinine levels than the other groups. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences in remission or relapse, whereas serious infection developed more frequently in the high-dose (29 patients [43%]) than the low-dose (13 patients [22%]) or medium-dose (10 patients [19%]) groups (p = 0.0007). Frequent VDI items at 12 months included hypertension (19%), diabetes (13%), atrophy and weakness (13%), osteoporosis (8%), and cataracts (8%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that GC dose at 12 months (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.35) was a predictor for diabetes.Conclusion: A reduced initial GC dose with rapid reduction might be required to ensure the safe treatment of elderly AAV patients.