bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue crack growth determination based on cyclic plastic zone and cyclic J‐integral in kinematic–isotropic hardening materials with considering Chaboche model
Authors: Hosseini Reza , Seifi Rahman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor many materials, plastic deformations under cyclic loadings differ from monotonic loading. Cyclic plastic zone with considering the strain hardening effects becomes complicated during unloading step. In this research, the effects of nonlinear kinematic and isotropic hardening behaviours on the cyclic plastic reaction around the crack tip for different conditions are investigated. For study of various hardening characteristics, as‐received and annealed copper are tested under same symmetric cyclic loadings. The results indicate considerable isotropic hardening behaviour in annealed material. A Chaboche nonlinear hardening model was used to determine the hardening parameters. The cyclic plastic zone around the crack tip in C(T) specimen was measured by back stresses. The cyclic plastic zones are specified via variations of the back stresses in a cycle. The cyclic plastic zones predicted by Chaboche model are smaller than those for Irwin model because of the hardening effects. Also, Irwin model for prediction of the cyclic plastic zone size is modified with considering the cyclic plastic effects. According to the results, the cyclic plastic zone around the crack tip is almost constant in the same load range, and load ratio (R) has a slight effect on this zone. Whereas, for constant load range, cyclic J‐integral (∆J) is different for various R values. For studying of the fatigue crack growth, two parameters of ∆J and cyclic plastic zone area were evaluated. These parameters can apply in fracture mechanics especially in elastic–plastic conditions with considering the cyclic plastic responses.
Influence of heat input on microstructure and fracture toughness property in different zones of X80 pipeline steel weldments
Authors: Singh Mayur Pratap , Arora Kanwer Singh , Kumar Rajneesh , Shukla Dinesh Kumar , Siva Prasad S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, microstructure observations and mechanical behaviour of fusion line and offsetting positions from fusion line by 1, 2 and 3 mm were analysed. For the welding of X80 pipeline steel plates, different magnitudes of heat inputs such as high heat input (HHI) 25 kJ/cm, medium heat input (MHI) 20 kJ/cm and low heat input (LHI) 15 kJ/cm were employed. Critical values of J‐integral (J0.2) and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD0.2) for predetermined regions in the X80 weldment were determined as per ASTM‐E1820a. M‐A constituents of different sizes such as small (1–2 μm), large >2 μm and slender (>4 μm) were observed in the microstructure of subzones of weldments for different heat inputs. Formation of granular bainite, M‐A constituents and inclusions of Ti, Si, Mo in the microstructure impaired fracture toughness property. In the X80 weldment, the fusion line (FL) for HHI was found weakest in terms of fracture resistance, which subsequently increases the risk of fracture.
Gingival squamous cell carcinoma mimicking a non‐neoplastic proliferative lesion in an older patient
Authors: Cunha John Lennon Silva , Déda Júnior Wilson Gonçalves , Sanchéz‐Romero Celeste , Bezerra Bruno Torres , de Albuquerque‐Júnior Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report a case of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in an elderly patient mimicking a non‐neoplastic proliferative lesion.BackgroundOral SCC is a well‐recognised malignancy of the oral cavity that may mimic benign reactive proliferative processes.MethodsAn excisional biopsy was performed, and the diagnosis was gingival SCC.ConclusionIt is essential that both the clinician and pathologist to be aware of such a presentation to allow for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Global value chains and supplier perceptions of corporate social responsibility: a case study of garment manufacturers in Myanmar
Authors: Bae Jinsun , Lund‐Thomsen Peter , Lindgreen Adam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuppliers are embedded simultaneously in the global value chains (GVCs) of their lead firms and in the countries in which they conduct their production activities. To explain supplier perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in GVCs, in this article, we develop a new typology by integrating buyer governance modes in GVCs and forms of supplier embeddedness (societal, network, and territorial). We advance literature on supplier perspectives on CSR in GVCs through an analysis of 19 garment manufacturers in Myanmar and their CSR perceptions, using in‐depth field‐work, interviews, and secondary data. The empirical findings indicate a variety of supplier perceptions of CSR, depending on the governance mode of the GVCs and the variegated combinations of societal, network, and territorial embeddedness. Understanding supplier CSR perceptions and their implementation in GVCs thus requires moving away from a sole focus on supplier responses to standardized codes of conduct and towards a greater consideration of different types of supplier embeddedness.
A Physically Based Approach for Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity from HPT Pressure and Flowrate
Authors: Borden Robert C. , Cha Ki Young , Liu Gaisheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) is widely used to generate profiles of relative permeability vs. depth. In this work, prior numerical modeling results are used to develop a relationship between probe advance rate V (cm/s), probe diameter D (cm), water injection rate Q (mL/min), corrected pressure Pc (psi), and hydraulic conductivity K (feet/d)
urn:x-wiley:0017467X:media:gwat13039:gwat13039-math-0001where E is an empirically derived hydraulic efficiency factor. The relationship is validated by 23 HPT profiles that, after averaging K vertically, were similar to slug test results in adjoining monitoring wells. The best fit value of E for these profiles was 2.02. This equation provides a physically based approach for generating hydraulic conductivity profiles with HPT tooling.
Policy‐related implementational fluidity in subsistence marketplaces
Authors: Upadhyaya Shikha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper sheds light on policy‐related implementational fluidity—a context‐dependent adaptation of policies—adopted by policy implementers to address heterogeneous needs of subsistence consumer‐merchants (SCMs). In subsistence research, despite the emphasis on bottom‐up policymaking, implementational fluidity persists because of institutional and sociocultural factors that hinder policy implementers’ from effectively and accurately implementing the policies. To enrich the current bottom‐up policy process, this paper shares insights from an ethnographic study of Fijian market traders and marketplace personnel (policy implementers) and shares insights on how implementational fluidity manifests in subsistence marketplaces. Analysis reveals the interplay amongst sociohistorical context, marketplace relational dynamics and policies leading to policy adjustments and re‐negotiation by marketplace personnel and perceived injustices amongst the SCMs. The paper provides policy recommendations and practice ideas for subsistence researchers and policy practitioners to examine policy implementation gaps and the role of policy implementers in subsistence marketplaces.
Efficacy of high‐dose intralesional triamcinolone for hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Garelik Jessica , Babbush Kayla , Ghias Mondana , Cohen Steven R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of hair follicles characterized by recurrent, painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts (“tunnels”) typically refractory to treatment. This debilitating condition results in poor quality of life due to high disease burden. Intralesional triamcinolone (ILTAC) is a standard of care for acute inflammation and drainage associated with HS; however, the optimal therapeutic dose has not been determined. We investigated the utility of high‐dose ILTAC 20 mg/ml (ILTAC‐20) or 40 mg/ml (ILTAC‐40), for inflammatory lesions of HS.MethodsA retrospective chart review and telephone questionnaire included HS patients treated with high‐dose ILTAC‐20 or ILTAC‐40 between April and December 2018. Patients with Hurley stages I–III were included. Data were obtained from electronic medical records and telephone interviews. A short questionnaire pertained to satisfaction with therapy, changes of disease state, and modifications in quality of life.ResultsOf 54 patients interviewed, the average age was 36.9 ± 11.6 years; 36 (66.7%) were female. Forty patients (76.9%) were very satisfied (n = 19) or satisfied (n = 21) with high‐dose ILTAC therapy. Fifty patients (92.6%) demonstrated improvements in disease state, and 41 patients (75.9%) experienced enhanced quality of life. Forty‐four patients (86.3%) were amenable to additional injections of high‐dose ILTAC, if clinically indicated. No adverse effects of therapy were reported.ConclusionsThe majority of patients reported improvements in disease state, quality of life, and overall satisfaction after administration of high‐dose ILTAC (20–40 mg/ml). These findings support the use of high‐dose ILTAC for acute lesions of HS.
Resolution of epoetin‐induced pure red cell aplasia, successful re‐challenge with roxadustat
Authors: Wu Yunzhou , Cai Xudong , Ni Jianing , Lin Xiaomeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe application of erythropoietin (EPO) can bring about a rare but serious complication called anti‐EPO antibody‐mediated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Once the disease is diagnosed, EPO administration should be stopped immediately. However, after the removal of the anti‐EPO antibody, treating anaemia in these patients with chronic renal disease with EPO therapy is difficult, as restarting EPO therapy risks the recurrence of anti‐EPO antibody‐mediated PRCA. A 26‐year‐old man with anaemia related to renal failure, who was administered recombinant human EPO subcutaneously, developed anti‐EPO antibody‐mediated PRCA. After removal of antibodies by treatment with corticosteroids and cyclosporine, therapy for anaemia of chronic renal disease with roxadustat achieved good results. Roxadustat is a new type of drug for the treatment of anaemia, and it can stimulate endogenous EPO within or near the physiologic range and increase haemoglobin levels.
Exploring family participation in patient care on acute care wards: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Mackie Benjamin R. , Marshall Andrea P. , Mitchell Marion L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐ and family‐centred care practices are a recommended part of contemporary care for the acutely ill hospitalized adult patients. However, how patient‐ and family‐centred care is enacted in an adult hospital setting is not well understood.Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of patients, family members and nurses regarding family participation and collaboration in patient care within an acute care setting, including the barriers and facilitators.DesignThis study used a mixed‐methods sequential design.MethodsObserver‐as‐participant observations and semistructured interviews were undertaken. Integration of the data was achieved through triangulation.ResultsTriangulation revealed two metathemes. The first metatheme, ‘continuum of family involvement’, explained the central viewpoint of how family participation and collaboration in the care of acutely ill hospitalized adult patients was enacted. The second metatheme, ‘nurses value family involvement’, helped to explain and understand the barriers and facilitators to enacting family participation in the acute care setting.ConclusionPromoting family participation in the acute care setting requires supporting multiple levels of engagement. Developing a relationship, clear communication and open sharing of information amongst patients, family members and nurses is critical to supporting family involvement.
Effect of a Rational Drug Use Policy on the prescribing safety in outpatient settings in Thailand
Authors: Rattanachotphanit Thananan , Waleekhachonloet Onanong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
In Thailand, the ‘Rational Drug Use (RDU) policy’ has been implemented in the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) hospitals since October 2016. This study aimed to explore the effects of the RDU policy on prescribing safety indicators for elderly patients and those with common chronic diseases.

Method
Electronic outpatient databases were obtained from 15 MOPH hospitals. The selected indicators were the (1) glibenclamide prescribing in patients with diabetes mellitus who were elderly or had renal impairment; (2) duplicate prescribing of renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockers in patients with hypertension; (3) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) prescribing in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3–5; and (4) long-acting benzodiazepines prescribing in patients ≥65 years. The policy effects in terms of changes in prescribing trends were estimated using interrupted time-series analysis based on quarterly (Q) data. The postpolicy trends (2016, Q4–2017, Q4) were compared with the prepolicy trend (2014, Q1–2016, Q3).

Key findings
The unsafe prescribing of glibenclamide in patients with diabetes mellitus was 19.2% in Q1, 2014 and decreased significantly due to the RDU policy to 11.0% in Q4, 2017 (−4.23 percentage points quarterly, P &lt; 0.001). The unsafe prescribing of RAS blockers and long-acting benzodiazepines was relatively low in Q1, 2014 (1.0% and 1.1%, respectively) and did not decrease further after the RDU policy. The unsafe prescribing of NSAIDs was 4.2% in Q1, 2014, increased abruptly one quarter after the policy and decreased afterwards.

Conclusion
The RDU policy seemed to be a contributing factor that decreased the unsafe prescribing of glibenclamide, while the policy effect was minimal for the other indicators.
Oral mucositis in childhood cancer patients receiving high‐dose methotrexate: Prevalence, relationship with other toxicities and methotrexate elimination
Authors: Valer Jéssica Berté , Curra Marina , Gabriel Amanda de Farias , Schmidt Tuany Rafaeli , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Cardoso , Roesler Rafael , Evangelista Junior Mario Correa , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Gregianin Lauro , Martins Manoela Domingues 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral mucositis (OM) is one of the main adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX).AimTo evaluate the relationship of OM with MTX metabolism time and other toxicities in childhood, cancer patients receiving high‐dose of methotrexate (HD‐MTX).DesignSeventy‐seven childhood patients receiving HD‐MTX for treatment of leukaemia, osteosarcoma or lymphoma were evaluated. MTX serum level, hepatic and renal function parameters, and presence and intensity of OM were analysed.ResultsThe patients were submitted to 255 cycles of chemotherapy. OM was diagnosed in 191 (74.9%) cycles. Of these, 119 (46.6%) presented ulcerative lesions. Lymphoma was associated with severe OM (P = .01). OM was associated with higher serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (P = .006), alanine aminotransferase (P = .04) and creatinine (P = .008). Increase of one unit of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin associated, respectively, with 11% and 39% higher prevalence of OM. For each increase of one unit of creatinine serum level, it was observed a 37% higher prevalence of OM in patients with lymphoma. No association was found between delayed excretion of MTX and OM development.ConclusionsOM is a prevalent complication of childhood cancer patients receiving HD‐MTX. Renal and hepatic toxicity could be considered risk factors for OM, especially in patients with lymphoma.
The conjugal‐parental dynamics of three lesbian couples and the role of the outside donor
Authors: Gratton Emmanuel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of a sperm donor is a means of access to parenthood for lesbian couples. Insemination by donor, whether through medical or non‐medical methods (such as self‐insemination at home), is still forbidden in France. Three different case examples are presented: an anonymous donor, a random donor, and specifically chosen one, in order to discover how the utilisation of a sperm donor affects relationships within the family, especially the dynamics between the couple and between the parents and the children. The position of the sperm donor vis‐à‐vis the family is also examined. A non‐directive interview with the parents and children as well as the completion of a family tree resulted in understanding how each couple's choice lay not only in the presumed interest of the child, but also in the dynamics of the couple as partners and parents, involving the personal and familial history of each partner, their representations of attachment, and the stakes they hold in becoming co‐parents. Complex issues were negotiated: the choosing of a donor, the place of the non‐biological mother vis‐à‐vis the children, the families’ connections with the couples’ families of origin, and the place of the sperm donor in relationship to the family. The resolution of these issues was linked to the family histories of the individuals in the couples as well as the history of their relationships. This study suggests that consideration of these historical factors in the decision‐making process for lesbian couples seeking sperm donation can lead to a fuller picture of options in the process and increased satisfaction with the outcome.
Evaluation of a subsidized dental program among rural Norwegians
Authors: Helöe Leif Arne 
Published: August 2020

abstractOf 280 medically and/or socially disadvantaged Norwegian rural dwellers aged 20‐60 years invited to participate in a subsidized dental program, 198 persons needed treatment and agreed to receive free or low‐cost treatment. Eight persons dropped out of the program, leaving 190 participants who were treated by the author and/or by private practitioners. The average treatment cost per person was Nor. kr. 697, but the cost varied considerably. Prosthetic services comprised three‐fourths of the total expenses. According to the criteria used, the participants' share of the cost averaged Nor. kr. 260. Approximately every fifth participant seemingly did not manage to cover his share. Predictability of treatment services and costs were elucidated by comparing estimates worked out by the author with data obtained from the practitioners on the services actually rendered. The pairs of data on extractions and fillings were in fairly good agreement, as were the cost estimates of such services. The cost of prosthetics, however, had been rather underestimated, while conversely, the cost of periodontal treatment had been heavily overestimated.
Intra‐amniotic inoculation of pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) fetuses with SIV and HIV‐1
Authors: Ochs H.D. , Morton W.R. , Kuller L.D. , Zhu Q. , Tsai C.‐C. , Agy M.B. , Benveniste R.E. 
Published: August 2020

Six pregnant pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were inoculated intra‐amniotically (i.a.) with SIVMne. All became viremic and seroconverted; three viable offspring were SIV‐positive and at autopsy showed disseminated viral infection; one of three abortuses had SIV‐infected thymic macrophages. Three of five pregnant macaques inoculated i.v. and/or i.a. with HIV‐1LAI became virus‐positive, and four seroconverted, suggesting fetal‐maternal transmission. One abortus had HIV‐1‐antigen in lymph nodes and brain; one infant, culture‐positive at birth, died at age 11 days of disseminated HIV‐1 infection.
Early hematologic changes in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) infected with pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of SIVmac
Authors: Mandell Carol P. , Jain Nemi C. , Miller Christopher J. , Marthas Marta , Dandekar Satya 
Published: August 2020

Early hematologic changes were studied over a 14 day period in three groups of six rhesus macaques intravenously infected with pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of SIVmac. Abnormalities in blood included a mild blood loss anemia, sporadic lymphopenia, and variable CD4+ and CD8 + T lymphocyte numbers. Prominent bone marrow findings in macaques inoculated with pathogenic uncloned SIVmac and molecularly cloned pathogenic SIVmac‐239 were hypercellularity, myeloid and megakaryocytic hyperplasia, and lymphoid aggregates. Infrequent mild morphologic abnormalities were present in macaques infected with a nonpathogenic molecular clone, SIVmac‐1A11.
Exteriorized chronic aorto‐caval arteriovenous access shunts in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus)
Authors: Bass Arie , Krupski William C. , Hanson Stephen R. , Dodson Thomas , Lumsden Alan , White Deborah , Harker Laurence A. , Kelly Andrew B. 
Published: August 2020

A chronic arteriovenous (AV) blood access shunt has been developed in baboons. It is composed of silicone rubber tubing extensions bonded to vascular graft polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) cuffs, for creating anastomoses with the distal aorta and inferior vena cava. Following surgical implantation, shunts remain patent for months (X = 9 ± 2.5 months) and provides long‐term ex vivo access to non‐anticoagulated blood (Mean Blood Flow = 312 ± 69 mL/min).
Fast scan magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler ultrasonography of uteroplacental hemodynamics in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Panigel M. , Dixon T. , Constantinidis I. , Sheppard S. , Swenson R. , McLure H. , Campbell W.E. , Huddleston J. , Polliotti B. , Nahmias A. 
Published: August 2020

Fast scan magnetic resonance imaging, color Doppler ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance angiography were used to demonstrate the uteroplacental hemodynamics in rhesus monkeys. “Jets” of maternal blood spurting into the placenta were observed with, or without, the use of a contrast medium from 114 days to the term of pregnancy. Cumulative intravenous doses of cocaine hydrochloride brought about changes in the sequences of imaging of the maternal blood inflow to the placenta. These methods appear suitable for non‐invasive monitoring of the effects of drugs on placental function.
Association between ambulatory blood pressure variability and frailty among older hypertensive patients
Authors: Zhu Yingqian , Chen Xin , Geng ShaSha , Li QingQing , Yuan Huixiao , Zhou Xi , Li Huan , Li Jinglan , Jiang Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFrailty and hypertension often coexist and are increasingly prevalent with advancing age. Although hypertension is independently associated with frailty, whether high blood pressure variability affecting frailty is unclear. In this retrospective study, we consecutively enrolled elderly patients with essential hypertension undergoing 24‐hour ABPM. The frailty was assessed by a 38‐item frailty index. The parameters of blood pressure variability of ABPM, including ARV, coefficient of CV, SD, and weighed SD were calculated. Ordinal logistic regression was used to investigate the association between blood pressure variability and frailty. A total of 242 hypertensive patients were recruited and divided into the frail group, pre‐frail group, and non‐frail group. The overall magnitudes of BP variability, assessed by ARV, CV, SD, and weighed SD, were significantly greater in patients with frailty than those with pre‐frailty and non‐frailty. With adjustment for covariates, ARV of 24‐hour, diurnal, and nocturnal SBP were independently associated with frailty (24 hours, OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 2.01‐3.07; daytime, OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.60‐2.10; nighttime, OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.12‐1.27). The CV of 24‐hour, diurnal, and nocturnal SBP was independently associated with frailty in the study (24 hours, OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.05–3.07; daytime, OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05‐1.34; nighttime, OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.24). For SD and weighed SD, only 24‐hour systolic SD was independent risk factor associated with frailty (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01‐1.23). The greater blood pressure variability of SBP, particular ARV and CV, were independent risk factors associated with higher‐order frailty status. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the causality associations between hypertension and frailty.