bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota-produced vitamin B6 mitigates alcohol-associated liver disease by attenuating hepatic oxidative stress damage
Authors: Shen Haiyuan , Zhou Liangliang , Yang Yuanru , Shu Hang , Wu Dongqing , Yang Simin , Xie Linxi , Yang Lei , Tian Shanfei , Zhang Xinru , Ma Rui , Jiang Ling , Jiang Man , Zhang Hao , Wang Yan , Zhang Hejiao , Gao Shan , Xu Long , Wang Hua 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major clinical issue characterized by progressive stages, including hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Patients with long-term chronic alcoholism often present with gut microbiota dysbiosis and reduced plasma levels of vitamin B6. This study aimed to verify that gut microbiota disruption in ALD significantly contributes to reduced in vivo production of vitamin B6 and to investigate the role of this reduction in the pathogenesis of ALD.

Methods:
The ALD was investigated utilizing the Gao-binge mouse model. Fecal microbial composition was analyzed in pair-fed mice and ALD mice to identify alcohol-induced functional changes in the microbiota. Additionally, liver protein expression profiles and liver and plasma metabolomic profiles were characterized to elucidate the role of vitamin B6 in ALD pathogenesis through integrated proteomic and metabolomic analyses. The findings were further validated using animal models and clinical patient samples.

Results:
Alcohol consumption disrupted the gut microbiota in the mice, impairing the vitamin B6 synthesis by intestinal microorganisms. Vitamin B6 deficiency aggravated the disorder of amino acid metabolism in the liver and inhibited ornithine aminotransferase expression, thereby worsening oxidative stress damage. In patients with ALD, significant disturbances of gut microbiota were observed, along with decreased intestinal vitamin B6 levels, which were negatively correlated with serum biochemical markers.

Conclusions:
The imbalance of gut microbiota in ALD mice reduces vitamin B6 synthesis, which affects amino acid metabolism and glutathione synthesis in the liver, thereby exacerbating ALD. These findings suggest that vitamin B6 may play a critical protective role in ALD progression by regulating amino acid metabolism.
Peripapillary Vascular Density Differentiates Glaucomatous Cupping From Physiological Cupping Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Ashour Doaa Maamoun , Madkour Nesrin Said , Ebeid Weam Mohamed , Mahmoud Rabab Aboelmaaty 
Published: December 2024

Précis:
In glaucoma, peripapillary vascular density was reduced compared to normal eyes, with or without physiological cupping.

Purpose:
To assess the ability of radial peripapillary capillaries vessel density (RPC VD) to distinguish between physiological and glaucomatous cupping using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)

Patients and Methods:
An observational study was conducted at Ain Shams University, involving 98 eyes from 98 patients, divided into three groups. Group 1 included thirty eyes with primary open angle glaucoma, group 2 included twenty-eight normal eyes with physiological cupping (vertical cup/ disc ratio 0.6 or more based on structural OCT and no evidence of glaucoma), and group 3 included forty age-matched normal eyes (vertical cup/disc ratio ≤ 0.5). Participants were subjected to ophthalmological examination, structural optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCTA of the optic disc.

Results:
Group 1 exhibited significantly lower RPC VD than the other groups (P<0.001), while no significant differences were noted between group 2 and 3 (P=0.559). Moderate negative correlations were observed between C/D vertical (r=−0.556, P=0.002), and horizontal ratios (r=−0.430, P=020), and RPC VD in glaucomatous eyes across the whole image and its four quadrants. No significant correlations were found between these parameters in the other groups.

Conclusion:
Using OCTA, glaucomatous eyes showed reduced RPC VD compared to normal eyes, even in the presence of physiological cupping. This finding may help to differentiate between physiological and glaucomatous cupping.
Physiotherapeutic Guidelines for Initiating and Terminating Early Mobility for Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Support
Authors: Kargela Mallory , Sigler Julie 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is a crucial intervention for critically ill patients, but prolonged immobilization can lead to physical deconditioning and complications. Early progressive mobility (EPM) protocols aim to mitigate these challenges, yet uncertainties exist regarding the optimal timing and criteria for initiating and terminating physical therapy during ECMO support.

Objective:
This scoping review aims to synthesize existing literature to address key questions concerning physical therapy management during ECMO therapy, focusing on the physiological parameters guiding the initiation and termination of therapy sessions.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted using PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant studies from January 2013 to October 2023. Eligibility criteria were established, and data extraction was performed to identify physiological parameters utilized in physical therapy decision-making for ECMO patients.

Results:
Thirteen studies, comprising various study designs and expert consensus documents, were included in the review. Physiological parameters such as hemodynamic stability, oxygenation, sedation scales, and specific thresholds emerged as crucial considerations for initiating and terminating physical therapy interventions. While some consensus exists, variability in criteria highlights the need for standardized guidelines.

Conclusion:
Despite the growing recognition of the importance of early mobility and physical therapy in ECMO patients, gaps in evidence remain regarding optimal management strategies. Formal protocols integrating detailed physiological parameters could enhance patient safety and optimize rehabilitation practices. Further research and consensus-building efforts are essential to establish definitive guidelines for physical therapy management during ECMO support, ultimately improving patient outcomes and enhancing the quality of care.
Causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and gingivitis or periodontal disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomized analysis
Authors: Ma Yi-Chao , Li Wen-Qi , Wei Chen , Wang Fei , Liao Yi-Qun , Zhao Bin , Chen Yu-Ji , Zhao Qi , Qiu Jie , Tang Dong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Observational studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD), is associated with gingivitis and periodontal disease (GP). This study aims to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between IBD and GP.

Methods
This study assessed the causal relationship between IBD and GP through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. The required data were obtained through the IEU OpenGWAS project. Instrumental variable screening and the MR and sensitivity analyses were performed using the “TwoSampleMR” R package.

Results
IBD, UC, and CD may have a causal effect on GP (IBD, inverse variance weighting [IVW] OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.10, P = 0.03; UC, IVW OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.11, P = 0.03; CD, weighted median OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00–1.13, P = 0.04; simple mode OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02–1.31, P = 0.03). Scatterplots, forest plots, and funnel plots showed a significant relationship between IBD and GP and confirmed the robustness of the model. In sensitivity testing, no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was found in this study.

Conclusions
This study found a possible causal relationship between IBD (UC and CD) and GP, which deserves to be considered in clinical practice.
Treatment of cancer cachexia with exercise
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhuo Wen-Lei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by the irreversible loss of body weight, fat, and muscle. Its main characteristics include nutrient intake and absorption disorders, systemic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, immune imbalance, and protein and fat consumption, which ultimately lead to patient death. So far, there has been no effective method identified to combat the malignant progression of cancer cachexia. The effects of a single nutritional supplement or drug intervention strategy are insufficient. Exercise training is considered a potential treatment for cancer cachexia. Both clinical studies and animal experiments suggest that exercise training can help improve the intake and absorption of nutrients, inhibit inflammatory signaling pathways, regulate immunity and metabolism, alleviate insulin resistance, promote protein synthesis, maintain muscle mass, and so on. The use of multimodal methods that combine nutritional support and/or other treatments with exercise provides a potential prospect for the treatment of cancer cachexia. However, the optimal prescription of exercise for the treatment of cancer cachexia is still unclear. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the growing body of research on the impact of exercise on cancer cachexia and to provide evidence supporting the use of exercise as an intervention for cancer cachexia in the clinical setting.
Multiple pulmonary ground-glass nodules: Challenges and advances
Authors: Guo Fei-Fei , Huang Jue , Chen Fei , Cui Jiu-Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Multiple pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs), a typical clinical manifestation of multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs), are of great significance for the early screening, diagnosis, and accurate treatment of lung cancer. Thus, the recent increase in the detection rate of multiple pulmonary GGNs has attracted much attention. However, compared with the more widely studied single GGNs, evaluating GGNs is more challenging because of the uncertainty of the etiology, difficult differential diagnosis, and lack of optimal management standards and guidelines. Most current solutions for multiple GGNs are based on the management experiences and principles of a single GGN. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain better understanding of multiple GGNs and to optimize the diagnostic methods and treatments. Both the existing challenges and potential of new methods for diagnosing and treating multiple pulmonary GGNs are reviewed and discussed in this article, with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical management of this highly prevalent condition.
Correlation of dietary mineral intake and malnutrition in cancer patients: A multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Ying , Xue Hong-Mei , Miao Jun-Jie , Du Hong-Zhen , Luo Bin , Li Zeng-Ning 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
To examine the correlation between the dietary mineral intake and the nutritional status of patients suffering from malignancies.

Methods
This multicenter cross-sectional study included a total of 866 patients with malignant tumors recruited from seven hospitals throughout China. The information of sociodemographic characteristics and biochemical indicators was obtained from electronic medical records of inpatients. Dietary data were collected using a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire. The intakes of energy, dietary calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) were estimated according to the Chinese Food Composition Tables (standard edition). The weight and height of patients were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Nutritional risk and malnutrition were assessed by the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnostic criteria. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to estimate the associations between dietary minerals and malnutrition.

Results
The patients had an average age of (61.98 ± 15.49) years, and 40.6% (n = 352) were female. Slightly less than half (44.5%) of the patients were at nutritional risk (NRS 2002 ≥ 3), and 32.7% were diagnosed with malnutrition (using the GLIM criteria). Univariate analyses revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between dietary mineral intake and the occurrence of nutritional risk (P < 0.001). After adjusting the collinearity, we found that higher levels of P, Mn, and Se intake were negatively associated with nutritional risk assessed by the NRS 2002 score. Moderate intake of Ca and high intake of Zn might also decrease the nutritional risk [Ca: odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.32–0.88; Zn: OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.19–0.68]. However, no significant relationships were observed between any dietary mineral intake and malnutrition identified by the GLIM criteria.

Conclusions
Dietary minerals, especially P, Se, and Mn, may have a protective effect on the occurrence of nutritional risk in patients with malignant tumors. In addition, patients should maintain appropriate levels of Ca and Zn.
Bioinformatics analysis of key genes associated with the prognosis of breast cancer
Authors: Zhou Kun , Huang Dao-Lai , Ruan Hui-Chao , Wu Xiang-Hua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
We sought to identify potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer patients by employing a bioinformatics analysis to screen for genes linked with an unfavorable prognosis.

Methods
The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to obtain 3 gene expression profile datasets, namely, GSE42568, GSE86374, and GSE71053. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the GEO2R online tool was employed. Subsequently, a functional enrichment analysis was conducted. Moreover, a protein-protein interaction network was established using STRING, and DEGs were subjected to module analysis via Cytoscape software to identify pivotal genes. Additionally, the selected pivotal genes underwent further examination and validation utilizing 3 databases: GEPIA, UALCAN, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter.

Results
A total of 121 DEGs were detected, comprising 74 genes with increased expression and 47 genes with decreased expression. Ten key genes were identified: HMMR, RRM2, CDK1, TOP2A, AURKA, CCNB1, MAD2L1, KIF2C, BUB1B, and UBE2C. Validation in the GEPIA database revealed high expression levels for all key genes except CDK1. A survival analysis conducted using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database revealed noteworthy associations between 9 crucial genes and the overall survival of individuals diagnosed with breast cancer. Moreover, these 9 key genes exhibited significantly increased expression across different molecular subtypes of breast cancer according to the UALCAN data platform.

Conclusions
We identified 9 crucial genes significantly linked to the onset, progression, and unfavorable prognosis of breast cancer providing potential targets for novel treatment options and biomarkers to predict patient outcomes.
Impact of weight loss on the progression of cancer cachexia and the patient prognosis: insights from a retrospective study
Authors: Ji Wei , He Yu-Wei , Liu Xiang-Liang , Li Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Cachexia is a metabolic state with weight and muscle mass loss as its basic characteristics. This study aims to reveal the influence of weight loss on the progression of cancer cachexia and to determine its impact on the patient prognosis.

Methods
A total of 2,990 cancer patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Demographic information, clinical materials, and follow-up data were collected for all patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine threshold values for weight loss within the past 6 months (WL). Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard regression models were adopted for survival analyses.

Results
After excluding ineligible patients, 2,480 patients were included in the analysis, 705 (28.4%) of whom were considered to be cachexic. WL of 10% was determined to be the optimal threshold for diagnosing malnutrition according to the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment. Notably, WL > 10% was a predictor of survival outcomes only in the general population [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.218, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.002–1.481, P = 0.048], but not in the cachexic population, based on the multivariable Cox regression model. A larger proportion of cachexic patients with WL > 10% had a Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score ≥ 3 (25.7% vs. 13.7%, P < 0.001) and a modified Glasgow Prognosis Score = 2 (12.8% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.032). No significant difference was observed in the degree of decreased muscle strength or quality of life (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Weight loss is a predictor of impaired survival in the general population, but not in the cachexic population. The present study shows that cachexic patients with severe weight loss had a higher risk of malnutrition, a worse systemic inflammation status, and more severe malnutrition, but that the weight loss itself was not associated with the prognosis of these patients or the progression of their cachexia.
Association of frailty and malnutrition with overall survival in adults with gastrointestinal cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zheng Xi-Te , Zhang Xiao-Rui , Zhang Yi-Jun , Huang Feng-Yi , Wang Yi-Jie , Gao Ran , Li Quan-Mei , Liu Wan-Qi , Luo Chu-Ning , Liu Fen ,   Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) Group
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The mortality burden of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies is increasing worldwide, suggesting the need for more effective prognostic indicators. This study utilized a prospective cohort to (1) analyze the relationship between frailty and malnutrition and their association with the overall survival (OS) in adults with gastrointestinal cancer and (2) explore which specific frailty-related factors most significantly affect the OS.

Methods
Participants diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer from 2013 to 2018 who were enrolled in the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers study were identified. Malnutrition was determined using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, whereas frailty was assessed using the FRAIL scale. The main outcome measured was the all-cause mortality. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to analyze the cross-sectional link between the nutritional status and frailty. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to explore the longitudinal association of these with the OS.

Results
Among the 4,361 patients enrolled in the study, 1,136 deaths were observed over a median follow-up of 43.4 months. Malnourished patients had a significantly higher risk of frailty than well-nourished patients (OR = 6.25, 95% CI = 5.23–7.51). Frailty and malnutrition independently predicted the OS, with frailty showing an HR of 1.50 (95% CI = 1.33–1.69) and malnutrition showing an HR of 1.51 (95% CI = 1.31–1.74). Patients with both frailty and malnutrition had the highest all-cause mortality risk (HR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.55–2.14) compared with patients with neither risk factor. Mortality rates rose with the accumulation of additional frailty-related factors.

Conclusions
Malnutrition and frailty are interrelated prognostic factors in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, and their simultaneous presence worsens the patient outcomes. Higher scores for resistance and ambulation are major factors associated with a poorer outcome. Future large-scale prospective studies with repeated measurements are necessary to further explore the complex associations among frailty, malnutrition, and the prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
Investigation on quality of life of hospitalized patients in China with digestive system malignancy
Authors: Zhang Kai-Lun , Xu Hong-Xia , Li Wei , Cui Jiu-Wei , Weng Min , Yao Qing-Hua , Guo Zeng-Qing , Ba Yi , Zhou Fu-Xiang , Chen Zhi-Kang , Li Su-Yi , Zhao Qing-Chuan , Zhou Chun-Ling , Liu Ming , Zhou Lan , Shi Han-Ping , Song Chun-Hua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of hospitalized patients in China suffering from digestive system malignancies and to identify potential risk factors for a decrease in QoL.

Methods
The European Organization for Research and Treatment Core Quality of Life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was applied to evaluate the QoL of 23,519 patients with six digestive malignancies (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, biliary tract cancer, and pancreatic cancer). A t test or analysis of variance was employed to analyze the total EORTC QLQ-C30 scale scores and domain scores of the EORTC QLQ-C30 scale among patients in different subgroups.

Results
The average QoL score was 50.4 ± 10.8. The tumor type, age, sex, and TNM stage all had an impact on QoL ratings. Colorectal cancer patients had a better total QoL score (49.3 ± 10.3) and scores in the domains of functioning, with milder symptoms, except for diarrhea. Patients with biliary tract cancer (54.2 ± 12.3) and pancreatic cancer (54.2 ± 12.3) reported a poorer QoL, significant functional impairment, and more pronounced symptoms. Patients with esophageal cancer experienced the most severe financial difficulties (35.2 ± 27.5). Patients aged ≥65 years, women, and those with TNM stage III/IV reported lower QoL. In addition, the disparities in total QoL scores and scores in specific domains were significant among patients with some types of tumors, and based on ethnicity, educational level, occupation, treatment(s) received, and place of residence.

Conclusions
There is a need to focus on elderly individuals, those with low educational levels, and patients with progressive malignant tumors and to improve routine disease monitoring and symptom management to enhance the quality of life for patients with malignancies of the digestive system.