bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic complementarity between a brown alga and associated cultivable bacteria provide indications of beneficial interactions
Authors: Burgunter-Delamare Bertille , KleinJan Hetty , Frioux Clémence , Fremy Enora , Wagner Margot , Corre Erwan , Salver Alicia Le , Leroux Cédric , Leblanc Catherine , Boyen Catherine , Siegel Anne , Dittami Simon M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBrown algae are key components of marine ecosystems and live in association with bacteria that are essential for their growth and development. Ectocarpus siliculosus is a genetic and genomic model for brown algae. Here we use this model to start disentangling the complex interactions that may occur between the algal host and its associated bacteria. We report the genome-sequencing of 10 alga-associated bacteria and the genome-based reconstruction of their metabolic networks. The predicted metabolic capacities were then used to identify metabolic complementarities between the algal host and the bacteria, highlighting a range of potentially beneficial metabolite exchanges between them. These putative exchanges allowed us to predict consortia consisting of a subset of these ten bacteria that would best complement the algal metabolism. Finally, co-culture experiments were set up with a subset of these consortia to monitor algal growth as well as the presence of key algal metabolites. Although we did not fully control but only modify bacterial communities in our experiments, our data demonstrated a significant increase in algal growth in cultures inoculated with the selected consortia. In several cases, we also detected, in algal extracts, the presence of key metabolites predicted to become producible via an exchange of metabolites between the alga and the microbiome. Thus, although further methodological developments will be necessary to better control and understand microbial interactions in Ectocarpus, our data suggest that metabolic complementarity is a good indicator of beneficial metabolite exchanges in holobiont.
DNA fingerprinting: an effective tool for taxonomic identification of processed precious corals
Authors: Lendvay Bertalan , Cartier Laurent E. , Gysi Mario , Meyer Joana B. , Krzemnicki Michael S. , Kratzer Adelgunde , Morf Nadja V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrecious coral species have been used to produce jewelry and ornaments since antiquity. Due to the high prices at which corals are traded, coral beds have been heavily fished. Hence, fishing and international trade regulations were put in place. However, poaching remains extensive and mislabeling of products is common. To this date, the control of precious coral exploitation and enforcement of trade rules have been largely impaired by the fact that species of processed coral skeletons can be extremely difficult to distinguish even for trained experts.Here, we developed methods to use DNA recovered from worked precious coral skeletons to identify their species. We evaluated purity and quantity of DNA extracted using five different techniques. Then, a minimally invasive sampling protocol was tested, which allowed genetic analysis without compromising the value of the worked coral objects.We found extraction of pure DNA possible in all cases using 100 mg skeletal material and over half of the cases when using “quasi non-destructive” sampling with sampled material amount as low as 2.3 mg. Sequence data of the recovered DNA gave a strong indication that the range of precious coral species present in the trade is broader than previously anticipated.
The GMD-biplot and its application to microbiome data
Authors: Wang Yue , Randolph Timothy W , Shojaie Ali , Ma Jing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExploratory analysis of human microbiome data is often based on dimension-reduced graphical displays derived from similarities based on non-Euclidean distances, such as UniFrac or Bray-Curtis. However, a display of this type, often referred to as the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot, does not reveal which taxa are related to the observed clustering because the configuration of samples is not based on a coordinate system in which both the samples and variables can be represented. The reason is that the PCoA plot is based on the eigen-decomposition of a similarity matrix and not the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the sample-by-abundance matrix. We propose a novel biplot that is based on an extension of the SVD, called the generalized matrix decomposition (GMD), which involves an arbitrary matrix of similarities and the original matrix of variable measures, such as taxon abundances. As in a traditional biplot, points represent the samples and arrows represent the variables. The proposed GMD-biplot is illustrated by analyzing multiple real and simulated data sets which demonstrate that the GMD-biplot provides improved clustering capability and a more meaningful relationship between the arrows and the points.
Nonlinear relationship between multimodal adrenergic responses and local dendritic activity in primary sensory cortices
Authors: Deitcher Yair , Leibner Yonatan , Kutzkel Sara , Zylbermann Neta , London Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe axonal projections of the adrenergic system to the neocortex, originating from the locus coeruleus (LC), form a dense network. These axons release the neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) which is involved in many cognitive functions such as attention, arousal, and working memory. Using two-photon Ca2+ imaging of NE axons in the cortex of awake mice, we investigated what drives their phasic activity. We discovered that NE axons in the primary somatosensory cortex responded robustly and reliably to somatosensory stimulation. Surprisingly, the same axons also responded to stimuli of other modalities (auditory and visual). Similar responses to all three modalities were observed in the primary visual cortex as well. These results indicate that phasic responses of NE axons to sensory stimuli provide a robust multimodal signal. However, despite the robustness, we also noticed consistent variations in the data. For example, responses to whisker stimulations were larger than to auditory and visual stimulations in both the barrel and the visual cortices. To test whether the variations in NE axonal responses can carry behaviorally meaningful information, we trained mice in an associative auditory fear conditioning paradigm. We found that following conditioning the response of NE axons increased only for CS+, namely the signal undergoes experience-dependent plasticity and is specific to meaningful sounds. To test if variations in NE axonal responses can differentially affect the cortical microcircuit, we used dual-color two-photon Ca2+ imaging and studied the relationship between the activity of NE axons and local dendrites. We found dendritic Ca2+ signals in barrel cortex in response to auditory stimuli, but these responses were variable and unreliable. Strikingly, the probability of such dendritic signals increased nonlinearly with the Ca2+ signals of NE axons. Our results demonstrate that the phasic activity of the noradrenergic neurons may serve as a robust multimodal and plastic signal in sensory cortices. Furthermore, the variations in the NE axonal activity carry behaviorally meaningful signals and can predict the probability of local dendritic Ca2+ events.
Diagnosis of Centrocestus formosanus Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Window on a New Globalization-Derived Invasive Parasite
Authors: Pace Antonino , Dipineto Ludovico , Aceto Serena , Censullo Maria Concetta , Valoroso Maria Carmen , Varriale Lorena , Rinaldi Laura , Menna Lucia Francesca , Fioretti Alessandro , Borrelli Luca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCentrocestus formosanusis a digenetic trematode with a complex life cycle, involving invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, humans included. In particular, it causes gill lesions and mortality in freshwater fish species, and gastrointestinal symptoms in infected humans. Here,we describe the occurrence of C. formosanus infection in zebrafish imported in Italy. Gill arches of 30 zebrafish were examined for the presence of encysted metacercariae under a stereomicroscope, and processed through molecular analyses targeting the ribosomal Internal Transcribed Sequence 2 (ITS2) using species-specific primers of C. formosanus. Encysted metacercariae were found on the gills of 20/30 zebrafish and all were identified as C. formosanus.Despite C. formosanus distribution was originally restricted to Asia, it has been subsequently reported in new countries, revealing itself as an invasive species, and raising important concerns for biodiversity, economy, animal and public health. Given the crucial role likely played by the ornamental fish industry in the spreading of this parasite, there is an urgent need for control measures to prevent the introduction and establishment of C. formosanus in non-endemic areas, Europe included. An adequate surveillance and health-monitoring program should be conducted in the development of microbiological and epidemiological approaches to diagnose and face these new globalization-derived invasive species.
A Sensitive Yellow Fever Virus Entry Reporter Identifies Valosin-Containing Protein (VCP/p97) as an Essential Host Factor for Flavivirus Uncoating
Authors: Ramanathan Harish N. , Zhang Shuo , Douam Florian , Chang Jinhong , Yang Priscilla L. , Ploss Alexander , Lindenbach Brett D. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWhile the basic mechanisms of flavivirus entry and fusion are understood, little is known about the post-fusion events that precede RNA replication, such as nucleocapsid disassembly. We describe here a sensitive, conditionally replication-defective yellow fever virus (YFV) entry reporter, YFVΔSK/Nluc, to quantitively monitor the translation of incoming, virus particle-delivered genomes. We validated that YFVΔSK/Nluc gene expression can be neutralized by YFV-specific antisera and requires known flavivirus entry pathways, including clathrin- and dynamin-mediated endocytosis, endosomal acidification, YFV E glycoprotein-mediated fusion, and cellular LY6E expression; however, as expected, gene expression from the defective reporter virus was insensitive to a small molecule inhibitor of YFV RNA replication. YFVΔSK/Nluc gene expression was also shown to require cellular ubiquitylation, consistent with recent findings that dengue virus capsid protein must be ubiquitylated in order for nucleocapsid uncoating to occur, as well as valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, a cellular ATPase that unfolds and extracts ubiquitylated client proteins from large macromolecular complexes. RNA transfection and washout experiments showed that VCP/p97 functions at a post-fusion, pre-translation step in YFV entry. Together, these data support a critical role for VCP/p97 in the disassembly of incoming flavivirus nucleocapsids during a post-fusion step in virus entry.IMPORTANCEFlaviviruses are an important group of RNA viruses that cause significant human disease. The mechanisms by which flavivirus nucleocapsids are disassembled during virus entry remain unclear. Here we show that the yellow fever virus nucleocapsid disassembly requires the cellular protein-disaggregating enzyme valosin-containing protein, also known as p97.
Clathrin light chain diversity regulates membrane deformation in vitro and synaptic vesicle formation in vivo
Authors: Redlingshöfer Lisa , McLeod Faye , Chen Yu , Camus Marine D. , Burden Jemima J. , Palomer Ernest , Briant Kit , Dannhauser Philip N. , Salinas Patricia C. , Brodsky Frances M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTClathrin light chain (CLC) subunits in vertebrates are encoded by paralogous genesCLTAandCLTBand both gene products are alternatively spliced in neurons. To understand how this CLC diversity influences neuronal clathrin function, we characterised the biophysical properties of clathrin comprising individual CLC variants for correlation with neuronal phenotypes of mice lacking either CLC-encoding gene. CLC splice variants differentially influenced clathrin knee conformation within assemblies, and clathrin with neuronal CLC mixtures was more effective in membrane deformation than clathrin with single neuronal isoforms nCLCa or nCLCb. Correspondingly, electrophysiological recordings revealed that neurons from mice lacking nCLCa or nCLCb were both defective in synaptic vesicle replenishment. Mice with only nCLCb had a reduced synaptic vesicle pool and impaired neurotransmission compared to wild-type mice, while nCLCa-only mice had increased synaptic vesicle numbers, restoring normal neurotransmission. These findings highlight differences between the CLC isoforms and show that isoform mixing influences tissue-specific clathrin activity in neurons, which requires their functional balance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study reveals that diversity of clathrin light chain (CLC) subunits alters clathrin properties and demonstrates that the two neuronal CLC subunits work together for optimal clathrin function in synaptic vesicle formation. Our findings establish a role for CLC diversity in synaptic transmission and illustrate how CLC variability expands the complexity of clathrin to serve tissue-specific functions.
Competences in higher education tourism internships
Authors: Ferreras-Garcia Raquel , Sales-Zaguirre Jordi , Serradell-López Enric 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the level of correspondence between the academic training received by students and the demands of the job market. This was achieved by analysing the competences that are developed in internships to provide useful information for universities, students and tourism companies.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative analysis was carried out using questionnaires administered to the supervisors of students on curricular internships. The level of tourism competences of students on the bachelor degree in Tourism and Hospitality Management at the School of Tourism and Hospitality Management Sant Ignasi was assessed. A descriptive analysis and comparisons of means were carried out to investigate differences in competences between students undertaking internships, according to the hotel department and category.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that students undertaking internships improve their competences. Whether they undertake internships in one department or another does not affect the level of achievement of most competences. However, the category of a hotel does influence the level of development of the acquired competences.Research limitations/implicationsA questionnaire should be administered to students on their perceptions of the achievement of competences, as this could be compared with the supervisors’ perceptions.Practical implicationsThe study generates extremely valuable information for companies, universities and students, as it reveals which competences are attained and to what extent. Based on these results, universities can adapt their training activities and the hotel industry will have information on learning processes during internships.Originality/valueThe analysis provides an innovative research, a real assessment by employers of the competences attained. It also identifies the need for more research on the subject related to employers’ perceptions of the level of competences that students develop in the workplace.
The embodiment of social capital at individual and communal levels
Authors: Au Anson 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the study of social capital focused on the level at which it is embodied, cross-comparing two prominent camps that have emerged in the social capital literature: a communal level and an individual level.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews the intersections and departures between communal level and individual level conceptualizations of social capital according to the social dynamics of action within social exchanges that they stimulate, the processes by which social capital is activated/mobilized and the rewards they yield, and their linkages to inequality through network diversity.

Findings
This paper articulates new directions for future research in social capital: more analytical precision for studying returns to social capital; more efforts to transcend the individual-communal divide; the depreciation of social capital or tie decay; and recognizing the importance of ties whose value does not come from the ability to provide instrumental gain, but just from their very existence.

Originality/value
Social capital has informed many influential agendas in the social sciences, but the sheer volume of which has largely gone unscoped. This paper reviews this literature to provide an accessible introduction to social capital, organized by social processes foundational to sociology and a novel contribution to the literature by articulating new directions for future research in the area.
Labor force participation in Eastern European countries: nonlinear modeling
Authors: Oliskevych Marianna , Lukianenko Iryna 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior peculiarities of the labor force participation in Eastern European countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors provide the analysis of nonlinearity in dynamics of economic active population and perform the econometric analysis using logistic smooth transition autoregressive models that are flexible and capture various kinds of behavior for different modes. The paper investigates labor markets of six Eastern European countries, Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, Slovakia, Romania and Croatia that are characterized by lower level of labor force participation rate (LFPR) than average level in EU.FindingsThe results of modeling quantitatively characterize smooth changes in the behavior modes of labor force activity for each country and indicate how population economic activity depends on previous labor market states. The estimated slope parameters that determine the smoothness of transition between regimes show that, in all countries, the labor force participation quite quickly reacts to changes that occurred on the labor market in the past. During recession periods, households of European countries that joint EU last decade in order to prevent the depletion of their total income increased labor supply and showed increased activity in job search.Originality/valueThis paper indicates the nonlinearity and asymmetry in LFPR in transition economies, discovers variety of its dynamics in the different regimes and determines the indicators that cause the change of the population economic activity behavior in each country.
Identifying the most important public–private partnership risks in Afghanistan’s infrastructure projects
Authors: Bayat Farhad , Noorzai Esmatullah , Golabchi Mahmood 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the major public–private partnership (PPP) risks in infrastructure projects in Afghanistan and explain the extent to which extent the identified risks can shed light on the PPP implementation study in general.

Design/methodology/approach
Initially, 78 risks were identified through considering international laws and regulations, criteria for using PPP in developing and underdeveloped countries, and case studies. Later, 23 of the more important risks were determined, ranked and classified into five main groups.

Findings
Finally, these risks were adapted with some investigations conducted in the PPP field. Although some of the risks identified in this survey are unique to Afghanistan, this research can be used to develop the application of PPP generally.

Originality/value
PPP is one possible solution to finance infrastructure projects. However, there are a lot of risks, which make this method inefficient in Afghanistan. Therefore, identifying the risks of PPP can play an important role in improving the infrastructures of Afghanistan.
Supplier value creation configurations in high-cost countries
Authors: Andersen Poul Houman , Drejer Ina , Østergaard Christian R. , Søberg Peder Veng , Wæhrens Brian Vejrum 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to explore value creation configurations pursued by suppliers in high-cost countries. The proposed value creation configuration approaches are seen as means for supplier firms to strengthen their competitiveness when faced with increasing global sourcing.

Design/methodology/approach
Survey data on supplier firms in Denmark are used in a hierarchical cluster analysis. The identified clusters are interpreted as expressions of different value creation configurations pursued by suppliers with regards to relations with their most important customers.

Findings
Three types of suppliers are identified: detached suppliers, which seek to create customer net benefits through low costs; technology-focused suppliers, which design value creation around benefits linked to being at the technological forefront; and integrated suppliers, which share characteristics with technology-focused suppliers, but also align closely with a relatively broader range of customer activities.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations include the specificity of findings from one small, open economy with an extensive supplier base.

Practical implications
For managers in supplier companies, the research suggest value configurations can be used as strategic templates for further specialization and as way to assess and address value creation potential in customer firms.

Originality/value
Previous studies tend to overlook suppliers’ developments of value-creating activities to maintain customer relationships. The paper takes a supplier perspective to deepen the empirically based understanding of value creation configurations followed by high-cost country suppliers in the context of increasing global competition and production relocation. Theoretical implications as well as lessons formanagers in supplier firms of the identification of the different approaches to value creation configurations are presented.
Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) has cellular and in vivo antiarrhythmic effects
Authors: Joviano‐Santos Julliane V. , Santos‐Miranda Artur , Joca Humberto C. , Cruz Jader S. , Ferreira Anderson J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiminazene aceturate (DIZE) is an anti‐protozoan compound that has been previously reported to increase the activity of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and thus increase Angiotensin‐(1‐7) production, leading to cardioprotection against post‐myocardial infarction dysfunction and structural remodelling. Moreover, DIZE is able to ameliorate morpho‐functional changes after myocardial infarction by enhancing ACE2 activity, thus increasing Angiotensin‐(1‐7) production (a benefic peptide of the renin‐angiotensin system). However, despite the improvement in cardiac function/structure, little is known about DIZE effects on arrhythmia suppression, contraction/excitable aspects of the heart and importantly its mechanisms of action. Thus, our aim was to test the acute effect of DIZE cardioprotection at the specific level of potential antiarrhythmic effects and modulation in excitation‐contraction coupling. For this, we performed in vitro and in vivo techniques for arrhythmia induction followed by an acute administration of DIZE. For the first time, we described that DIZE can reduce arrhythmias which is explained by modulation of cardiomyocyte contraction and excitability. Such effects were independent of Mas receptor and nitric oxide release. Development of a new DIZE‐based approach to ameliorate myocardial contractile and electrophysiological dysfunction requires further investigation; however, DIZE may provide the basis for a future beneficial therapy to post‐myocardial infarction patients.