bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a novel recessive gene for resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei) in barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Piechota Urszula , Słowacki Piotr , Czembor Paweł C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the most important diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare) is powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Spring barley line 173‐1‐2 was selected from a Moroccan landrace and revealed broad‐spectrum resistance to powdery mildew. The objective of this study was to map and characterize the gene for seedling powdery mildew resistance in this line. After crossing with the susceptible cultivar ‘Manchuria’, genetic analysis of F2 and F3 families at the seedling stage revealed powdery mildew resistance in line 173‐1‐2 conditioned by a single recessive gene. Molecular analysis of non‐segregating homozygous resistant and homozygous susceptible F2 plants conducted on the DArTseq platform (Diversity Arrays Technology Pty Ltd) identified significant markers which were converted to allele‐specific PCR markers and tested among 94 F2 individuals. The new resistance gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 6H. No other powdery mildew recessive resistance gene has been located on 6H so far. Therefore, we concluded that the 173‐1‐2 barley line carries a novel recessive resistance gene designated as mlmr.
Development of a multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) population for genetic exploitation of complex traits in Brassica juncea: Glucosinolate content as an example
Authors: Yan Wei , Zhao Haifei , Yu Kunjiang , Wang Tianya , Khattak Aimal Nawaz , Tian Entang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations have recently been developed to allow the high‐resolution mapping of complex quantitative traits. This article describes the development of one MAGIC population and verifies its potential application for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Brassica juncea. A total of 170 RILs were genotyped using 346 intron length polymorphism (ILP) polymorphic markers. The population lacks significant signatures of population structure that are suitable for the analysis of complex traits. Genome‐wide association mapping (GWAS) identified three major glucosinolate (GSL) QTLs of QGsl.ig01.1 on J01 for indole GSL (IG), QGsl.atg09.1 on J09 and QGsl.atg11.1 on J11 for aliphatic GSL (AG) and total GSL (TG). The candidate genes for QGsl.ig01.1, QGsl.atg09.1 and QGsl.atg11.1 are GSH1, GSL‐ALK and MYB28, which are involved in converting glutamate and cysteine to γ‐EC, the accumulation of glucoraphanin and the whole process of AG metabolism, respectively. In addition to its QTL mapping purpose, the MAGIC population could also be potentially utilized in variety development by breeders.
Encoding, storage, and response preparation—Distinct EEG correlates of stimulus and action representations in working memory
Authors: Schneider Daniel , Zickerick Bianca , Thönes Sven , Wascher Edmund 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWorking memory (WM) allows for the active storage of stimulus‐ and higher level representations, such as action plans. This electroencephalography (EEG) study investigated the specific electrophysiological correlates dissociating action‐related from stimulus‐related representations in WM using three different experimental conditions based on the same stimulus material. In the experiment, a random sequence of single numbers (from 1 to 6) was presented and participants had to indicate whether the current number (N0 condition), the preceding number (N‐1 condition), or the sum of the current and the preceding number (S‐1 condition) was odd or even. Accordingly, participants had to store a stimulus representation in S‐1 and an action representation in N‐1 until the onset of the next stimulus. In the EEG, the storage of stimulus representations (S‐1) was reflected by a fronto‐central slow wave indicating the rehearsal of information that was required for the response in the following trial. In contrast, the storage of action representations (N‐1) went along with a posterior positive slow wave, suggesting that the action plan was actively stored in WM until the presentation of the next stimulus. Crucially, preparing for the next response in N‐1 was associated with increased contralateral mu/beta suppression, predicting the response time in the given trial. Our findings, thus, show that the WM processes for stimulus‐ and action representations can be clearly dissociated from each other with a distinct sequence of EEG correlates for encoding, storage, and response preparation.
Dynamic Left Atrioventricular Phantom Test Bed Emulating Mitral Valve Motion
Authors: Azar Toufic , McLennan Stewart , Walsh Michael , Angeles Jorge , Kövecses Jozsef , Jaramillo Tabitha , Mongrain Rosaire , Cecere Renzo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Novel catheter-based medical procedures targeting heart valve structures are currently under development. These techniques entail installing a prosthetic implant on valves inside a beating heart. The development of these approaches requires a simple and effective validation test bed. Current early process testing methods rely on both static and dynamically pressurized excised porcine hearts. The variability between excised-tissue mechanical properties poses problems of reproducibility. In addition, these test beds do not emulate annulus motion, which affects the implant installation. A reproducible phantom of the left atrioventricular chambers was developed. The system consists of a hydraulic constant flow arrangement and a polyvinyl alcohol phantom heart with material properties that mimic passive myocardium mechanical properties and annulus motion. The system was then used to emulate blood flow through an actual heart. The building process starts by obtaining an accurate computer-aided design (CAD) model of a human heart, from which, a mold is produced using a novel rapid-freezing prototyping method and computer numerical control machining. The phantom is then cast-out of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a hydrogel, whose mechanical properties are set by subjecting the phantom to freeze and thaw cycles. Subsequently, blood flow is emulated at a constant volumetric rate at the atrial pressure observed in a healthy adult human heart at rest. The annulus motion is implemented by suturing the outside of the phantom to a one-degree-of-freedom cam-follower mechanism reproducing valve motion. Such test beds could play a significant role in future development of medical devices.
Psychosocial Climates Differentially Predict 12- to 14-Year-Old Competitive Soccer Players’ Goal Orientations
Authors: Moore E. Whitney G. , Weiller-Abels Karen 
Published: April 2020

Youth’s likelihood of participating in sport increases when they maintain a focus on enjoyment, learning, and effort (i.e., task goal orientation) rather than how they compare to others and norms (i.e., ego goal orientation). Achievement goal theory research consistently illustrates the significant influence of leader-created motivational climates on their participants’ goal orientation adoption. However, the influence of caring climate perceptions by highly competitive adolescent athletes on their goal orientation adoption has yet to be examined. Thus, this study assessed how competitive, adolescent soccer players’ perceptions of the climate as caring, task-, and ego-involving predicted their adoption of task and ego goal orientations. Players (N = 152, 62% female, 12–14 years of age) in the Olympic Development Program completed a survey that included measures of the caring climate, task-involving and ego-involving motivational climates, and task and ego goal orientations in soccer. Path analyses revealed males’ task goal orientation was significantly predicted by caring and task-involving climate perceptions. Females’ task goal orientation was significantly predicted by their task-involving climate perceptions. Ego goal orientation was significantly predicted by all athletes’ ego-involving climate perceptions. This is the first study to support the importance of fostering a high caring, as well as high task-involving, and low ego-involving climate when working with highly competitive adolescent athletes to keep their task goal orientation high. Research replicating this study is warranted to provide further support for these relationships longitudinally and across ages and sexes.
Initiating Self-Administration of Medicines for inpatients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Balfour-Lynn Ian M , Khan Khola , Pentayya Nimla , Pheasant Clare , Bentley Sian , Makhecha Sukeshi 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionChildren with cystic fibrosis (CF) take a multitude of therapies at home. Self-Administration of Medicines (SAM) is a scheme whereby the parent/carer and/or older child keep control of their own medicines in hospital. We initiated a scheme and assessed drug errors, cost implications, and parent and nurse satisfaction.MethodsFollowing a pilot stage, the SAM protocol was initiated and amended as necessary. Drug errors were analysed from the Datix hospital electronic reporting system. Cost analysis of use of the patents own drugs was carried out. Questionnaires were given to parents and nursing staff.ResultsIn the initial 10 months, 97 children had 159 admissions, and 60% were deemed suitable for SAM. Drug errors still occurred—33 in 5 years. Cost savings for the hospital over 1 year were £20 022 for 123 admissions. Patient/parent satisfaction was high, and all wished to partake in SAM for further admissions.ConclusionsThe scheme was a success although it took 3 years to bring to fruition. Drug errors still occurred but we were able to amend the protocol appropriately to react to these. Cost savings are an incidental benefit from use of patient’s own medication. The SAM scheme is applicable to all children with chronic disease on long term medications when they are in hospital.
Optical coherence tomography angiography of flat irregular pigment epithelial detachments in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Liu Tingting , Lin Wei , Zhou Shuping , Meng Xiangjuan 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundTo identify and analyse the character and relationship between flat irregular pigment epithelial detachment feature (FIPED), choroidal thickness and choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) network seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in Chinese patients.MethodIn the present study, 152 eyes of 144 Chinese patients, who were previously diagnosed with CSCR, were retrospectively studied. Patients’ baseline characteristics, the course of CSCR, best-corrected visual acuity, the pattern of CNV on OCTA, FIPED and choroidal thickness detected by enhanced depth imaging-OCT (EDI-OCT) were analysed.ResultsIt was disclosed that 7.23% of CSCR patients had CNV. Age and the course of CSCR were found to be correlated with the occurrence of CNV. Among the eyes with CNV network (11 eyes), 100% of them had FIPED, whereas, among the eyes without CNV (141 eyes), 18.04% had FIPED. The maximum width and en-face area of PED were greater in the CNV group compared with that in the non-CNV group (p<0.001). It also was revealed that female gender and a poor vision were risk factors for CNV in eyes with CSCR. The choroidal thickness detected by EDI-OCT was also statistically significant between eyes with CNV and eyes without CNV. The patients who have CNV complicated with FIPED are susceptible to have low vision.ConclusionThe present research demonstrated that the majority of CNV cases were linked to FIPED, and the thinner thickness of choroid. The greater width and en-face area of PED may point towards the presence of an underlying CNV network.
Systematic review of gender differences in the epidemiology and risk factors of exertional heat illness and heat tolerance in the armed forces
Authors: Alele Faith , Malau-Aduli Bunmi , Malau-Aduli Aduli , Crowe Melissa 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThis review aimed to describe the epidemiology of all heat-related illnesses in women compared with men in the armed forces and to identify gender-specific risk factors and differences in heat tolerance.DesignA systematic review of multiple databases (MEDLINE, Emcare, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Informit and Scopus) was conducted from the inception of the databases to 1 April 2019 using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis guidelines.Eligibility criteriaAll relevant studies investigating and comparing heat illness and heat tolerance in women and men in the armed forces were included in the review.ResultsTwenty-four studies were included in the systematic review. The incidence of heat stroke in women ranged from 0.10 to 0.26 per 1000 person-years, while the incidence of heat stroke ranged from 0.22 to 0.48 per 1000 person-years in men. The incidence of other heat illnesses in women compared with men ranged from 1.30 to 2.89 per 1000 person-years versus 0.98 to 1.98 per 1000 person-years. The limited evidence suggests that women had a greater risk of exertional heat illness compared with men. Other gender-specific risk factors were slower run times and body mass index. Although there was a higher proportion of women who were heat intolerant compared with men, this finding needs to be interpreted with caution due to the limited evidence.ConclusionThe findings of this review suggest that men experienced a slightly higher incidence of heat stroke than women in the armed forces. In addition, the limited available evidence suggests that a higher proportion of women were heat intolerant and being a female was associated with a greater risk of exertional heat illnesses. Given the limited evidence available, further research is required to investigate the influence of gender differences on heat intolerance and heat illness.
Trend analysis of tuberculosis case notifications with scale-up of antiretroviral therapy and roll-out of isoniazid preventive therapy in Zimbabwe, 2000–2018
Authors: Takarinda Kudakwashe C , Harries Anthony D , Mutasa-Apollo Tsitsi , Sandy Charles , Choto Regis C , Mabaya Simbarashe , Mbito Cephas , Timire Collins 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesAntiretroviral therapy (ART) and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) are known to have a tuberculosis (TB) protective effect at the individual level among people living with HIV (PLHIV). In Zimbabwe where TB is driven by HIV infection, we have assessed whether there is a population-level association between IPT and ART scale-up and annual TB case notification rates (CNRs) from 2000 to 2018.DesignEcological study using aggregate national data.SettingAnnual aggregate national data on TB case notification rates (stratified by TB category and type of disease), numbers (and proportions) of PLHIV in ART care and of these, numbers (and proportions) ever commenced on IPT.ResultsART coverage in the public sector increased from <1% (8400 PLHIV) in 2004 to ~88% (>1.1 million PLHIV patients) by December 2018, while IPT coverage among PLHIV in ART care increased from <1% (98 PLHIV) in 2012 to ~33% (373 917 PLHIV) by December 2018. These HIV-related interventions were associated with significant declines in TB CNRs: between the highest CNR prior to national roll-out of ART (in 2004) to the lowest recorded CNR after national IPT roll-out from 2012, these were (1) for all TB case (510 to 173 cases/100 000 population; 66% decline, p<0.001); (2) for those with new TB (501 to 159 cases/100 000 population; 68% decline, p<0.001) and (3) for those with new clinically diagnosed PTB (284 to 63 cases/100 000 population; 77.8% decline, p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study shows the population-level impact of the continued scale-up of ART among PLHIV and the national roll-out of IPT among those in ART care in reducing TB, particularly clinically diagnosed TB which is largely associated with HIV. There are further opportunities for continued mitigation of TB with increasing coverage of ART and in particular IPT which still has a low coverage.
Novel health systems service design checklist to improve healthcare access for marginalised, underserved communities in Europe
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V , Baker Lee , Cascio Mario , Onyango Denis , Schatz Eberhard , Smith Alyna C , Spinnewijn Freek 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundMarginalised communities such as homeless people, people who use drugs (PWUD), lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people (LGBTI), prisoners, sex workers and undocumented migrants are at high risk of poor health and yet face substantial barriers in accessing health and support services. The Nobody Left Outside (NLO) Service Design Checklist aims to promote a collaborative, evidence-based approach to service design and monitoring based on equity, non-discrimination and community engagement.MethodsThe Checklist was a collaborative project involving nine community advocacy organisations, with a focus on homeless people, PWUD, LGBTI people, prisoners, sex workers, and undocumented migrants. The Checklist was devised via a literature review; two NLO platform meetings; a multistakeholder policy workshop and an associated published concept paper; two conference presentations; and stakeholder consultation via a European Commission-led Thematic Network (including webinar).ResultsThe NLO Checklist has six sections in line with the WHO Health Systems Framework. These are: (1) service delivery, comprising design stage (6 items), services provided (2 items), accessibility and adaptation (16 items), peer support (2 items); (2) health workforce (12 items); (3) health information systems (7 items); (4) medical products and technologies (1 item); (5) financing (3 items); and (6) leadership and governance (7 items). It promotes the implementation of integrated (colocated or linked) healthcare services that are community based and people centred. These should provide a continuum of needs-based health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management, together with housing, legal and social support services, in alignment with the goals of universal health coverage and the WHO frameworks on integrated, people-centred healthcare.ConclusionsThe Checklist is offered as a practical tool to help overcome inequalities in access to health and support services. Policymakers, public health bodies, healthcare authorities, practitioner bodies, peer support workers and non-governmental organisations can use it when developing, updating or monitoring services for target groups. It may also assist civil society in wider advocacy efforts to improve access for underserved communities.
Community engagement with immigrant communities involving health and wellness research: a systematic review protocol towards developing a taxonomy of community engagement definitions, frameworks, and methods
Authors: Turin Tanvir C , Abedin Tasnima , Chowdhury Nashit , Ferdous Mahzabin , Vaska Marcus , Rumana Nahid , Urrutia Rossana , Chowdhury Mohammad Ziaul Islam 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionThe importance of community engagement has been established globally in health and wellness research. A certain degree of ambiguity remains, however, regarding the meaning of community engagement, which term has been used for various purposes and implemented in various forms. In this study, we aimed to explore the different definitions of community engagement, discuss the various objectives that have been proposed and uncover the diverse ways this concept has been implemented among researchers working for the betterment of the health and wellness of immigrant communities in host countries.Methods and analysisTaxonomy is a process for classifying complex and multifaceted matters using logical conceptual domains and dimensions for clearer way of contextualising. We will develop a taxonomy to organise the available literature on community engagement in immigrant health and wellness research in a way that captures user knowledge and understanding of its various meanings and processes. Specific methodological and analytical frameworks for systematic review and taxonomy development will guide each step. We will conduct a comprehensive systematic search in relevant databases, from inception to December 2019, using appropriate keywords followed by snowball search (single-citation tracking, reference lists). Papers will be included if they fall within predefined inclusion criteria (seen as most likely informative on elements pertaining to community engagement) and are written in English, regardless of design (conceptual, qualitative and quantitative). Two reviewers will independently employ two-stage screening (title–abstract screening followed by screening of the full text to determine inclusion). Finally, information that helps to develop taxonomy of the concept and practice of community engagement will be abstracted and used towards taxonomy development, where different levels of stakeholder research team members will be involved.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review. We have opted for an integrated knowledge translation or a community-engaged knowledge mobilisation approach where we are engaged with community-based citizen researchers from the inception of our programme. We plan to disseminate the results of our review through meetings with key stakeholders, followed by journal publications and presentations at applicable platforms.
Association between functional social support and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Rutter Emily C , Tyas Suzanne L , Maxwell Colleen J , Law Jane , O'Connell Megan E , Konnert Candace A , Oremus Mark 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionMaintenance of cognitive function into old age is important for ageing populations. Researchers seek to identify modifiable risk and protective factors for cognitive function. One such modifiable factor is functional social support, that is, one’s perception of whether their social network can provide resources such as material help, companionship, information and emotional contact, if needed. While the literature generally reports positive associations between functional social support and cognitive function, results vary according to study methods such as the tool used to measure functional social support or the specific cognitive domain under investigation. Our review will summarise the association between functional social support and cognitive function in middle-aged and older-aged adults who reside in any setting (eg, community dwelling, long-term care facilities). We will also identify sources of discrepant findings between studies.Methods and analysisThis protocol was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guideline. PubMed, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus will be searched from inception to the present using a search strategy developed with a medical librarian’s help. We will supplement the database searches with a grey literature search. English-language or French-language studies with a comparison group will be subject to inclusion, regardless of the measures used to assess functional social support or cognitive function. We will assess risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool-Version 2 or the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, narratively synthesise the extracted data and conduct a meta-analysis of studies with similar characteristics (eg, sample age and sex, cognitive function outcomes). Two independent raters will screen articles and assess risk of bias.Ethics and disseminationThis review is timely given the push toward early diagnosis and treatment of dementia/major neurocognitive disorder and other types of cognitive impairment. This protocol does not require a formal ethics review. We will publish our findings in a peer-reviewed journal.