bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relaxation of Wind Stress Drives the Abrupt Onset of Biological Carbon Uptake in the Kerguelen Bloom: A Multisensor Approach
Authors: Pellichero Violaine , Boutin Jacqueline , Claustre Hervé , Merlivat Liliane , Sallée Jean‐Baptiste , Blain Stéphane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe deployed sensors for physical and biogeochemical measurements on one Eulerian mooring and two Lagrangian biogeochemical Argo floats on the Kerguelen Plateau. High temporal and vertical resolution measurements revealed an abrupt shoaling of both the mixed‐layer depth and mixing‐layer depth. The sudden stratification was concomitant with the start of significant biological activity detected by chlorophyll‐a accumulation, oxygen oversaturation, and dissolved inorganic carbon drawdown. The net community production computed in the mixing‐layer during the onset period of 9 days was 119 ± 7 mmol·m−2·day−1. While it is generally admitted that bloom initiation is mostly driven by the onset of positive heat fluxes, our results suggest that this is not a sufficient condition. Here we report that the decrease in the depth over which wind mixes the upper layer drives the initiation of the bloom. These results suggest that future atmospheric changes in Southern Ocean could impact the phenology of the blooms.
Revisiting Recent U.S. Heat Waves in a Warmer and More Humid Climate
Authors: Rastogi Deeksha , Lehner Flavio , Ashfaq Moetasim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe frequency and intensity of heat waves in the United States is projected to increase in the 21st century. We investigate dry and humid heat waves in a pair of high‐resolution model simulations that constrain large‐scale atmospheric circulation, to isolate the thermodynamic impacts on characteristics of present and future heat waves over the United States. The two kinds of heat waves show differences in mean intensity, amplitude, duration, and frequency over the Southeast, Northeast, and Midwest, while their characteristics are largely similar in the drier central and western United States. In a warmer climate, relative humidity is projected to decrease during dry heat waves, whereas it remains unchanged during humid heat waves. However, the overall increase in daily maximum temperature intensifies the heat stress during future humid and dry heat waves across all regions. With large‐scale circulation constrained, these simulations emphasize the importance of thermodynamic drivers in determining future heat wave characteristics.
On the Use of Aeromagnetism for Geological Interpretation: 1. Comparison of Scalar and Vector Magnetometers for Aeromagnetic Surveys and an Equivalent Source Interpolator for Combining, Gridding, and Transforming Fixed Altitude and Draping Data Sets
Authors: Gavazzi B. , Bertrand L. , Munschy M. , Mercier de Lépinay J. , Diraison M. , Géraud Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAirborne magnetic surveys are common in geosciences. High‐precision surveys are usually performed at a low altitude, draping the topography, using scalar absolute magnetometers and active compensation systems to correct the disturbances generated by the carrier. Another solution is to measure the total magnetic intensity using vector magnetometers, which allows compensation for aircraft fields to be calculated directly, without compensation systems. This study uses data of an industrial airborne survey and of a vector magnetometer survey with a small overlapping area in the Vosges (France) to compare both data sets and shows that both solutions provide results of the same overall precision. This paper also addresses the issue of combining fixed altitude and draped level data sets as well as topographic effect management by proposing an equivalent source interpolator based on a set of simple dipole sources. A synthetic case shows that the equivalent source interpolator allows to compute grids of the magnetic anomaly as well as potential field transforms from a draped data set with an error level a few orders of magnitude lower than could be obtained with minimum curvature, a classically applied interpolator. The interpolator is also tested on a case study in the Vosges massif of which geological interpretation is presented in Bertrand et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017688). The results confirm the observations made on the synthetic case and show that the equivalent source interpolator is more tolerant to navigation errors (altitude) than minimum curvature and allows more rigorous computation of potential field transforms of draped data sets.
Classification of Sea Ice Summer Melt Features in High‐Resolution IceBridge Imagery
Authors: Buckley Ellen M. , Farrell Sinéad L. , Duncan Kyle , Connor Laurence N. , Kuhn John M. , Dominguez RoseAnne T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh‐resolution observations of melt ponds (MPs) across the Arctic are lacking, yet essential for understanding the sea ice energy budget and under‐ice ecology. We present a pixel‐based classification scheme to identify undeformed and deformed ice, open water, and light, medium, and dark MPs in images of sea ice undergoing melt. The scheme was applied to 0.1‐m resolution Operation IceBridge Digital Mapping System imagery covering an area of ~4,000 km2. Observations of both the unconsolidated, marginal ice zone of the Beaufort/Chukchi Seas (B/C Seas) and the consolidated, multiyear ice of the central Arctic (CA) were obtained. Sea ice concentration (SIC), melt pond fraction (MPF), and pond color fraction (PCF) were derived on a per‐image basis. SIC averaged 69% in the B/C Seas and 90% in the CA. We find that both MPF and PCF are dependent on the ice type on which ponds form. MPF averaged 25% in the B/C Seas, where dark ponds dominated and had a PCF of 60%, compared to a PCF of 9% and 31%, for medium and light ponds, respectively. MPF averaged 14% in the CA, where the PCF of light ponds was 68%, compared with 16% for both medium and dark ponds. As the multiyear ice of the Arctic Ocean is replaced by a younger, more seasonal ice cover, our results suggest that MPF will increase, and MP color will darken. This would enhance the ice albedo feedback, exacerbating that already due to the multidecadal decline in summer ice extent.
Current Models Underestimate Future Irrigated Areas
Authors: Puy A. , Lo Piano S. , Saltelli A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPredictions of global irrigated areas are widely used to guide strategies that aim to secure environmental welfare and manage climate change. Here we show that these predictions, which range between 240 and 450 million hectares (Mha), underestimate the potential extension of irrigation by ignoring basic parametric and model uncertainties. We found that the probability distribution of global irrigated areas in 2050 spans almost half an order of magnitude (∼300–800 Mha, P2.5,P97.5), with the right tail pushing values to up to ∼1,800 Mha. This uncertainty is mostly irreducible as it is largely caused by either population‐related parameters or the assumptions behind the model design. Model end‐users and policy makers should acknowledge that irrigated areas are likely to grow much more than previously thought in order to avoid underestimating potential environmental costs.
The Relation Between Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves and Plasmapause: Case and Statistical Studies
Authors: Liu Xu , Chen Lunjin , Xia Zhiyang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObservationally, electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves are often terminated at the outer boundary of the plasmasphere boundary layer (PBL, i.e., plasmapause). Physics of this empirical relation is not well established. In this study, two categories of ECH waves are shown by their different behaviors near PBL. For Category I, all bands of ECH waves terminate at PBL because the density ratio (nh/nc) between hot and cold electrons decreases dramatically across PBL. For Category II, ECH waves, especially the lower harmonic bands, can be excited deeper inside the plasmasphere because nh/nc gradually decreases across PBL. A statistical study using Van Allen Probes observation is performed for these two categories. We find that the two categories of ECH waves are preferred to occur at nightside and dawnside. The two categories of ECH waves may be separated by the wave intensity outside the PBL or nh/nc with the threshold on the order of 10−10–10−9 (V/m)2 and 10−2, respectively.
Evolution of the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble
Authors: Becker Emily , Kirtman Ben P. , Pegion Kathy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe North American Multi‐Model Ensemble (NMME) has become integral scientific infrastructure in subseasonal and seasonal climate prediction, advancing applied prediction and scientific understanding of the mechanisms and predictability of short‐term climate. The NMME was designed to evolve as old models were retired and new models joined the ensemble. This study examines the assumption that prediction skill will increase as the system evolves, focusing on 2 m temperature, precipitation rate, and sea surface temperature prediction. The common period of 1982–2010 is studied for four configurations of the NMME, approximately representing the operational model suites of 2011, 2012, 2014–2018, and 2019–present. Substantial improvement in temperature prediction over both land and ocean is observed, with little change in global precipitation prediction. Sea surface temperature prediction at longer leads has improved over much of the globe, with the notable exception of the central‐eastern tropical Pacific, where prediction skill has declined.
Nonlinear Response of the Cross Polar Cap Potential to Solar Wind Density Under Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Yang Ziyi , Zhang Binzheng , Lei Jiuhou , Dang Tong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is commonly believed that the magnitude and orientation of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) together with the solar wind (SW) velocity have the most important impact on the cross polar cap potential (φpc), so that little attention has been given to the effect of SW density, especially under northward IMF conditions. Previous studies have shown that φpc increases with SW density as a response to the changes in magnetosheath force balance, while our study shows that φpc has more complicated responses to the SW density depending on the magnitude of IMF rather than a simple linear response as reported previously. The φpc may be insensitive to SW density increasing at moderate IMF Bz (cf. 8 nT) and at intense Bz (20 nT) under large‐density conditions. The different behavior of SW density in regulating φpc is mainly due to the competing effects originated from viscous interaction and magnetic reconnection. Further, the physical mechanisms are explored, including the driving sources of the viscous potential and affecting factors of reconnection potential. These results pave the way for better understanding of the SW density effects on solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere (SW‐M‐I) interactions.
Exceptional 20th Century Ocean Circulation in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Spooner Peter T. , Thornalley David J. R. , Oppo Delia W. , Fox Alan D. , Radionovskaya Svetlana , Rose Neil L. , Mallett Robbie , Cooper Emma , Roberts J. Murray 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) connects tropical and high‐latitude waters, playing a leading role in deep‐water formation, propagation of Atlantic water into the Arctic, and as habitat for many ecosystems. Instrumental records spanning recent decades document significant decadal variability in SPG circulation, with associated hydrographic and ecological changes. Emerging longer‐term records provide circumstantial evidence that the North Atlantic also experienced centennial trends during the 20th century. Here, we use marine sediment records to show that there has been a long‐term change in SPG circulation during the industrial era, largely during the 20th century. Moreover, we show that the shift and late 20th century SPG configuration were unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. Recent SPG dynamics resulted in an expansion of subtropical ecosystems into new habitats and likely also altered the transport of heat to high latitudes.
Can Quasi‐Periodic Gravity Waves Influence the Shape of Ice Crystals in Cirrus Clouds?
Authors: Saha Sourita , Niranjan Kumar Kondapalli , Sharma Som , Kumar Prashant , Joshi Vaidehi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present work, for the first time, unravels the impact of mesoscale gravity waves on the microphysical changes in cirrus clouds over the subtropical Indian region using Raman lidar, satellite, model simulations, and reanalysis data sets. The cirrus clouds are formed from the convective outflow of large‐scale convergence zone extending from south‐west to north‐east Indian region. These clouds are modulated by the upward propagating gravity waves with time periods ~40 and ~20 min over the Raman lidar observational site. The wave‐induced enhancement of moisture leads to supersaturation thereby controlling the ice crystals' size and shape through depositional freezing. The ice crystals size increases, and they transform to irregular shapes in the presence of wave activity. Therefore, the present work is novel and will have implications toward the uncertainties associated with cirrus clouds in both regional and global climate models.
Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV
Authors: Xu Ruoshi , Cui Bomiao , Duan Xiaobo , Zhang Ping , Zhou Xuedong , Yuan Quan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract2019-nCoV epidemic was firstly reported at late December of 2019 and has caused a global outbreak of COVID-19 now. Saliva, a biofluid largely generated from salivary glands in oral cavity, has been reported 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive. Besides lungs, salivary glands and tongue are possibly another hosts of 2019-nCoV due to expression of ACE2. Close contact or short-range transmission of infectious saliva droplets is a primary mode for 2019-nCoV to disseminate as claimed by WHO, while long-distance saliva aerosol transmission is highly environment dependent within indoor space with aerosol-generating procedures such as dental practice. So far, no direct evidence has been found that 2019-nCoV is vital in air flow for long time. Therefore, to prevent formation of infectious saliva droplets, to thoroughly disinfect indoor air and to block acquisition of saliva droplets could slow down 2019-nCoV dissemination. This review summarizes diagnostic value of saliva for 2019-nCoV, possibly direct invasion into oral tissues, and close contact transmission of 2019-nCoV by saliva droplets, expecting to contribute to 2019-nCoV epidemic control.
uPAR antibody (huATN-658) and Zometa reduce breast cancer growth and skeletal lesions
Authors: Mahmood Niaz , Arakelian Ani , Khan Haseeb Ahmed , Tanvir Imrana , Mazar Andrew P. , Rabbani Shafaat A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUrokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is implicated in tumor growth and metastasis due to its ability to activate latent growth factors, proteases, and different oncogenic signaling pathways upon binding to different ligands. Elevated uPAR expression is correlated with the increased aggressiveness of cancer cells, which led to its credentialing as an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target in advanced solid cancer. Here, we examine the antitumor effects of a humanized anti-uPAR antibody (huATN-658) alone and in combination with the approved bisphosphonate Zometa (Zoledronic acid) on skeletal lesion through a series of studies in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with huATN-658 or Zometa alone significantly decreased human MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, effects which were more pronounced when huATN-658 was combined with Zometa. In vivo studies demonstrated that huATN-658 treatment significantly reduced MDA-MB-231 primary tumor growth compared with controls. In a model of breast tumor-induced bone disease, huATN-658 and Zometa were equally effective in reducing skeletal lesions. The skeletal lesions were significantly reduced in animals receiving the combination of huATN-658 + Zometa compared with monotherapy treatment. These effects were due to a significant decrease in osteoclastic activity and tumor cell proliferation in the combination treatment group. Transcriptome analysis revealed that combination treatment significantly changes the expression of genes from signaling pathways implicated in tumor progression and bone remodeling. Results from these studies provide a rationale for the continued development of huATN-658 as a monotherapy and in combination with currently approved agents such as Zometa in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
YIPF2 promotes chemotherapeutic agent-mediated apoptosis via enhancing TNFRSF10B recycling to plasma membrane in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Wang Yingying , Guo Sen , Li Dongmei , Tang Yongkang , Li Lei , Su Ling , Liu Xiangguo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common histological type of lung cancer, and the identification of the apoptotic process of NSCLC is vital for its treatment. Usually, both the expression level and the cell surface level of TNFRSF10B (TNF Receptor superfamily member 10B) will increase after treatment with some chemotherapeutic agents, which plays a critical role in the apoptosis induction. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying TNFRSF10B regulation remains largely elusive. Here, we found that TNFRSF10B, along with a vesicular trafficking regulator protein, YIPF2, were upregulated after treatment with pemetrexed (PEM) in NSCLC cells. Besides, YIPF2 increased the surface level of TNFRF10B, while YIPF2 knockdown inhibited the upregulation of TNFRSF10B and its recycling to plasma membrane. In addition, RAB8 decreased the cell surface TNFRSF10B by promoting its removing from plasma membrane to cytoplasm. Furthermore, we found that YIPF2, RAB8 and TNFRSF10B proteins interacted physically with each other. YIPF2 could further inhibit the physical interaction between TNFRSF10B and RAB8, thereby suppressing the removing of TNFRSF10B from plasma membrane to cytoplasm mediated by RAB8 and maintaining its high level on cell surface. Finally, using bioinformatics database, the YIPF2-TNFRSF10B axis was confirmed to be associated with the malignant progression of lung cancer. Taken together, we show that YIPF2 promotes chemotherapeutic agent-mediated apoptosis via enhancing TNFRSF10B recycling to plasma membrane in NSCLC cells. These findings may be beneficial for the development of potential prognostic markers of NSCLC and may provide effective treatment strategy.
Combinatorial control of Spo11 alternative splicing by modulation of RNA polymerase II dynamics and splicing factor recruitment during meiosis
Authors: Cesari Eleonora , Loiarro Maria , Naro Chiara , Pieraccioli Marco , Farini Donatella , Pellegrini Livia , Pagliarini Vittoria , Bielli Pamela , Sette Claudio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHomologous recombination and chromosome segregation in meiosis rely on the timely expression of two splice variants of the endonuclease SPO11, named α and β, which respectively skip or include exon 2. However, in spite of its physiological importance, the mechanism underlying Spo11 alternative splicing in meiosis is still unknown. By screening the activity of factors that are predicted to bind the alternatively spliced region of Spo11, we identified hnRNPH as a key regulator of SPO11α splicing in mouse spermatocytes. Although hnRNPH was not upregulated in meiosis concomitantly with the switch in splicing, its recruitment to Spo11 pre-mRNA was favored by selective modulation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) phosphorylation and processivity in proximity of exon 2. The hnRNPH binding sites were localized near those of splicing factors that promote SPO11β splicing, suggesting that hnRNPH favors exon 2 skipping by competing out positive regulators. Indeed, hnRNPH binds proximal to a consensus motif for Sam68, a positive regulator of SPO11β splicing in vitro and in vivo, and it interferes with Sam68 binding to the Spo11 pre-mRNA. Thus, our work reveals that modulation of RNAPII dynamics in concert with hnRNPH recruitment exerts a combinatorial control of the timely regulated Spo11 splicing during meiosis.
Association of brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity and carotid plaque in Chinese hypertensive adults: effect modification by age
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Yang Ying , Zhang Yan , Xie Liling , Li Qinqin , Song Yun , Liu Lishun , Liu Chengzhang , Xu Benjamin , Wang Binyan , Yi Tieci , Fan Fangfang , Ma Wei , Weng Haoyu , Zhang Nan , Xu Xiping , Wang Xiaobin , Qin Xianhui , Huo Yong , Li Jianping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the association of brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with carotid plaque presence and carotid plaque number in a Chinese hypertensive population. A total of 13,554 hypertensive subjects from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT) were recruited. Arterial stiffness and carotid plaque were evaluated by baPWV and B-mode ultrasonography, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation of baPWV and carotid plaque presence. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation of baPWV and carotid plaque number. Further interactions between baPWV and carotid plaque presence were examined using subgroup analysis. Continuous baPWV was positively correlated with carotid plaque presence (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07) and carotid plaque number (one- to two-plaque group: OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.06; three-or-more-plaque group: OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.07–1.12). When baPWV was classified into quartiles, with the lowest quartile as reference, the ORs for having one, two, or three or more plaques increased in parallel with the quartiles of baPWV, indicating a dose-dependent effect. In a subgroup analysis, the association of baPWV and carotid plaque presence was more pronounced among younger participants (OR: 1.14 vs. 1.06 and 1.03 for the age groups <60 years, 60 ≤ 70 years, and ≥70 years, respectively, P for interaction <0.001). In a Chinese hypertensive population, baPWV was positively associated with carotid plaque presence and carotid plaque number. A more pronounced positive association between baPWV and carotid plaque presence was observed in younger participants.