bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared neural substrates of cognitive function and postural control in older adults
Authors: Sparto Patrick J. , Rosso Andrea L. , Divecha Ayushi A. , Metti Andrea L. , Rosano Caterina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionPoor cognitive function and postural control co‐occur in older adults. It is unclear whether they share neural substrates.MethodsPostural sway error during a novel visual tracking (VT) condition and gray matter volume (GMV) were compared between participants with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia (n = 179, mean age 82, 56% females, 56% white). Associations between VT error, cognitive function, and GMV were examined.ResultsGreater VT error was associated with having dementia compared to NC or MCI (odds ratio [95% CI] = 2.15 [1.38, 3.36] and 1.58 [1.05, 2.38]). Regions with lower GMV related to greater VT error and worse cognition were: bilateral hippocampi, parahippocampi, entorhinal, and parietal cortices (all P ≤0.05). GMV of bilateral hippocampi and left parahippocampus explained >20% of VT error between dementia and NC.DiscussionPostural control during visuospatial tasks and dementia may share neural substrates, specifically memory‐related regions.
Emerging 2D Semiconducting Materials: Tin Diselenide for Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Liu Jishu , Li Xiaohui , Guo Yixuan , Qyyum Abdual , Shi Zhaojiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSnSe2, a novel 2D semiconducting material with good photoelectric properties and tunable bandgaps structure, has been widely studied in high‐performance photodetectors and superconductivity applications, etc. Herein, another excellent property, nonlinear optical absorption, is applied to ultrafast photonics. The measured nonlinear optical absorption curve of SnSe2 with modulation depth of 5.52% is obtained. Q‐switching and mode‐locking in Er‐doped fiber lasers based on SnSe2 is reported. A Q‐switched fiber laser can be obtained with a 0.5‐m‐long gain fiber and a 50:50 optical coupler. With 0.75‐m‐long active fiber and a 40:60 optical coupler, mode locking can be obtained. Furthermore, a third‐order bound‐state soliton pulse with a pulse duration of 882 fs can be achieved. The experimental results show that SnSe2 is an excellent optical saturable absorber for the applications of ultrafast photonics.
Underestimated Color Centers: Defects as Useful Reducing Agents in Lanthanide‐Activated Luminescent Materials
Authors: Suta Markus , Lavoie‐Cardinal Flavie , Wickleder Claudia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInorganic hosts, such as SrB4O7 or certain nitrides, intrinsically stabilize Eu2+ even when the dopant is an Eu3+‐based precursor and reducing conditions are not employed in the synthesis. Although this concept is well known in the synthesis of phosphorescent materials, the mechanistic details are scarcely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that trapped charge carriers, such as color centers, can also act as redox partners to stabilize certain oxidation states of activators. Eu‐activated CsMgCl3 and CsMgBr3 are used as examples. Upon doping with EuCl3 and in the absence of reducing conditions during the synthesis, dominant cyan or green luminescence from Eu2+ ions was observed. Photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K revealed that the reduction is correlated to color centers localized at defects. Although defects are typically undesired in phosphors, we have shown that their role may be underestimated and they could be used on purpose in the preparation of selected inorganic phosphors.
Mechanical properties of transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites reinforced with core–shell polyacrylonitrile/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers
Authors: Borhani Sedigheh , Zadhoush Ali , Fathi Meysam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHaving considered the mechanical and optical properties related to microstructure, the authors of the present work did a study of the in situ interface formation between polyacrylonitrile/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PAN/PMMA) core–shell nanofibers and PMMA resin so as to prepare reinforced PMMA nanocomposites (NCs). The NCs were produced using the dip‐coating method. The core–shell nanofibers were generated via phase separation of PAN/PMMA solution during the conventional electrospinning. The results of attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer confirmed the formation of core–shell structure of the PAN/PMMA nanofibers. According to the findings of the study, the NCs reinforced with 1.7% volume fractions (v
f) of the core–shell nanofibers, having the composition of 50/50 (PAN/PMMA), had the highest tensile and bending properties. The obtained results showed that by increasing the v
f of nanofibers from 1.7 to 2.9%, the tensile and bending moduli increased by 29.9 and 44.2%, respectively. Increasing v
f to 5.7% decreased the just‐mentioned properties. Moreover, the transparency of NCs decreased by less than 1, 10, and 18%, respectively, when the aforementioned volume fractions were applied. The theoretical values for the tensile modulus were calculated using the models proposed by Manera, Pan, and Halpin–Tsai–Nielsen. The best prediction was made when the model proposed by Halpin–Tsai–Nielsen was applied.
Morphology evolution of poly(lactic acid) during in situ reaction with poly(butylenesuccinate) and ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate: The formation of a novel 3D star‐like structure
Authors: Xue Bin , He He‐Zhi , Huang Zhao‐Xia , Zhu Zhiwen , Li Jiqian , Zhan Zhiming , Chen Ming , Wang Guozhen , Xiong Chengtian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMorphology control of polymer alloys is an attractive topic for investigators due to its ability to improve the performance of products for years. However, it is hard to control the morphology of immiscible polymer blends during melt processing. Herein, we studied the morphology evolution of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) with the inclusion of ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate (EGMA). Scanning electron microscopy of both cryo‐fractured and etched cryo‐fractured samples indicates that the in situ reaction among PLA, PBS, and EGMA can induce the morphology change and result in a novel 3D star‐like structure. Rheology behaviors of the samples under different angular frequencies were used to validate the formation of 3D networks in the samples. Tensile stiffness reinforcements at both room temperature and high temperature were provided through dynamic mechanical analysis. In addition, a 10‐fold improvement in impact strength is also monitored by the unnotched impact test to indicate the superior toughening effect. Furthermore, the crystalline behavior and thermal properties of the blends were also studied. It is believed that our work not only gives a deeper understanding of the reaction‐induced morphology evolution of the PLA/PBS/EGMA blends but also reveals an avenue toward morphology control by melt processing.
Solid–Electrolyte Interphase at Positive Electrodes in High‐Energy Li‐Ion Batteries: Current Understanding and Analytical Tools
Authors: Zampardi Giorgia , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAbstract: The operating potentials of the Li‐ion batteries active materials usually exceed the stability window of the electrolyte, leading to its irreversible reduction or oxidation. Often, as an effect of these side reactions, a surface layer is deposited onto the electrodes’ materials. These surface layers play a pivotal role on the battery performance, rate capability, irreversible charge losses, and safety. Despite their importance, such interphases are difficult to analyse because of their small thickness and sensitive chemical composition. With this review, the authors intend to describe the already established analytical tools for the analysis of the interphase layers formed at the electrodes’ surface in Li‐ion batteries, together with the novel, unconventional ones under current development, focusing on the strengths and weak points of each technique. Particular attention will be given to the surface layers formed onto the positive electrodes through a summary of their current understanding. This is of main importance since understanding the interphase at the positive electrode side could enable the next generation of high energy Li‐ion batteries.
Ein Ansatz zur Bewertung des Verstärkungsbedarfs von Massivbrücken
Authors: Peeters Michael , Schnellenbach‐Held Martina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAufgrund des Zustands der Brücken und der stetig steigenden Verkehrsbelastung ergibt sich neben dem Ersatzneubau ein enormer Bedarf an tragfähigkeitsrelevanten Brückenverstärkungen. Daher müssen die zur Verfügung stehenden finanziellen Mittel für die Erhaltung des Brückenbestands und zur Aufrechterhaltung einer funktionsfähigen Infrastruktur effizient und effektiv im Rahmen eines Erhaltungsmanagements eingesetzt werden. Der hier vorgestellte Ansatz zur Ermittlung des grundsätzlichen Verstärkungsbedarfs von Massivbrücken liefert eine weitere Komponente für die Entscheidungsfindung, welche Brückenkategorien einer Verstärkung bedürfen und welche Brücken hinsichtlich einer Verstärkung als eher unkritisch angesehen werden können. Die Ermittlung erfolgt dabei auf der Grundlage von Methoden der Risikobewertung und auf der Basis von realen Schadensdaten an Überbauten von etwa 1.240 Massivbrücken im Zuge der Bundesfernstraßen. Die Risikobewertung erfolgte zum einen anhand von Ausmaß‐Häufigkeits‐Diagrammen unter Berücksichtigung von Risikomatrizen, zum anderen anhand von Risikozahlen, jeweils getrennt für die Bewertungsmerkmale der Standsicherheit und der Dauerhaftigkeit.
Der BIM‐Prozess in der Tragwerksplanung
Authors: Stracke Julia , Kepplin Ragna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit der fortschreitenden Einführung von Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Deutschland werden im vorliegenden Beitrag die Auswirkungen auf die Arbeitsprozesse in der Tragwerksplanung untersucht. Die Planungsschritte, wie aus der HOAI bekannt, können den Abläufen bei BIM‐Projekten zugeordnet und durch zusätzliche Leistungen ergänzt werden. Es zeigt sich aber eine Verschiebung des Aufwands in die frühen Leistungsphasen. Inwieweit sich für den Tragwerksplaner durch die BIM‐Methode ein Mehraufwand oder ein Mehrwert ergibt, hängt im Wesentlichen vom Beauftragungsumfang, von der eingesetzten Software und von der Kompatibilität der Schnittstellen ab. Des Weiteren wird untersucht, welchen Einfluss BIM auf die statische Berechnung selbst hat. Das Vorhandensein eines 3D‐Fachmodells der Tragwerksplanung führt häufig zu der Erwartung, dass die statische Berechnung auf Basis dieses Modells ebenfalls als 3D‐Statik durchgeführt wird. Dies ist aber im Zusammenhang mit BIM nicht zwingend erforderlich. Eine 2D‐Positionsstatik lässt sich gleichermaßen gut in den BIM‐Prozess integrieren. Ob eine 2D‐ oder eine 3D‐Statik gewählt wird, muss der Tragwerksplaner unabhängig von BIM vielmehr in Abhängigkeit vom individuellen Projekt und von der damit verbundenen Bemessungsaufgabe entscheiden.
A simple and sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay for chloramphenicol based on gold nanoparticle‐loaded enzyme
Authors: Luo Liegao , Zhou Xinchun , Pan Yanting , Zhao Kang , Deng Anping , Li Jianguo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA simple and ultrasensitive flow injection chemiluminescence competitive immunoassay based on gold nanoparticle‐loaded enzyme for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in shrimp and honey has been developed. Due to their good biocompatibility and large specific surface area, carboxylic resin beads can be used as solid phase carriers to immobilize more coating antigens (Ag). In addition, gold nanoparticles could provide an effective matrix for loading more CAP antibody and horseradish peroxidase, which would effectively catalyze the system of luminol–p‐iodophenol (PIP)–H2O2. A competitive immunoassay strategy was used for detection of CAP, in which CAP in the sample would compete with the coating Ag for the limited antibodies, leading to a chemiluminescence (CL) signal decrease with increase in CAP concentration. A wide linear range 0.001–10 ng ml−1 (R2 = 0.9961) was obtained under optimized conditions, and the detection limit (3σ) was calculated to be 0.33 pg ml−1. This method was also been successfully applied to determine CAP in shrimp and honey samples. The immunosensor proposed in this study not only has the advantages of high sensitivity, wider linear range, and satisfactory stability, but also expands the application of flow injection CL immunoassay in antibiotic detection.
Pregenual or subgenual anterior cingulate cortex as potential effective region for brain stimulation of depression
Authors: Jing Ying , Zhao Na , Deng Xin‐Ping , Feng Zi‐Jian , Huang Guo‐Feng , Meng Meng , Zang Yu‐Feng , Wang Jue 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the standard stimulation target for the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment of major depression disorder (MDD). A retrospective study by Fox and colleagues found that a more negative resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) functional connectivity (FC) between left DLPFC and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) in a large group of healthy participants is associated with a better curative effects of rTMS in MDD, suggesting that the sgACC may be an effective region. However, a recent meta‐analysis on RS‐fMRI studies found that the pregenual ACC (pgACC), rather than the sgACC, of MDD patients showed increased local activity.MethodsWe used the stimulation coordinates in the left DLPFC analyzed by Fox et al. to perform RS‐fMRI FC between the stimulation targets obtained from previous rTMS MDD studies and the potential effective regions (sgACC and pgACC, respectively) on the RS‐fMRI data from 88 heathy participants.Results(a) Both the pgACC and the sgACC were negatively connected to the left DLPFC; (b) both FCs of sgACC‐DLPFC and pgACC‐DLPFC were more negative in responders than in nonresponders; and (c) the associations between DLPFC‐sgACC functional connectivity and clinical efficacy were clustered around the midline sgACC.ConclusionsBoth the pgACC and the sgACC may be potential effective regions for rTMS on the left DLPFC for treatment of MDD. However, individualized ACC‐DLPFC FC‐based rTMS on depression should be performed in the future to test the pgACC or the sgACC as effective regions.
Investigation of the psychological health of first‐year high school students with myopia in Guangzhou
Authors: Li Qiaoli , Yang Jiezheng , He Yan , Wang Ting , Zhong Lei , Zhu Ziqian , Wang Tao , Ling Shiqi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the differences in anxiety and depression between adolescents with myopia and those with normal vision and to examine the relationship between the level of anxiety and depression and the degree of myopia.MethodsA total of 1,103 first‐year high school students aged 14–17 years were included in the study. The study group comprised 916 persons with myopia, while the control group comprised 187 persons without refractive error. Volunteers underwent routine eye examinations and completed a set of questionnaires about anxiety and depression. Then, the Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores were compared between groups, and the relationships between anxiety and the degree of myopia and between depression and the degree of myopia were analyzed.ResultsThere was a significant difference in anxiety rate between the students with normal vision and those with myopia. The SAS scores among students with mild, moderate, and severe myopia were also significantly different. However, compared with the students with normal vision, the rate of depression was not significantly increased in the students with myopia, except in cases of severe myopia. Additionally, the SAS scores correlated closely with the diopters of the participants’ glasses (r = 0.43, p = .045), while the relationship between SDS scores and the diopters of glasses was not significant (r = 0.19, p = .325).ConclusionThere was a correlation between myopia and mental health in adolescent students, especially in terms of anxiety.
Combination of inflammatory score/liver function and AFP improves the diagnostic accuracy of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ding Yezhou , Liu Kehui , Xu Yumin , Zhao Qingqing , Lou Shike , Xiang Xiaogang , Yan Lei , Cao Zhujun , Xie Qing , Zhu Chuanwu , Bao Shisan , Wang Hui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), routinely used for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is limited with relatively low sensitivity and high false positivity in HBV‐related HCC (HBV‐HCC). Thus, an alternative approach was explored to improve specificity/sensitivity for diagnosis of HBV‐HCC, using the combination of AFP, inflammatory score, and liver function.MethodsChronic hepatitis B (CHB) (n = 510) and HBV‐HCC (n = 473) patients were identified retrospectively for this study. The diagnostic value of single vs combined biomarkers for HBV‐HCC was analyzed, using ROC curve.ResultsIt was observed that elderliness, male sex, cirrhosis, HBeAg+ or no‐antiviral therapy, and elevation of ALT, AST, neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and AFP were associated with developing HBV‐HCC. However, the cut‐off ALT defined by Chinese standard, but not by AASLD, was a risk factor. Interestingly, AFP of HBeAg‐ HBV‐HCC patients without cirrhosis was significantly higher than that of the HBeAg+ patients. AUC values for AFP, ALT, AST, or NLR were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.815‐0.862), 0.533 (95% CI: 0.501‐0.565), 0.696 (95% CI: 0.666‐0.725), or 0.684 (95% CI: 0.654‐0.713) with optimal cut‐off at 7.21 ng/mL, 43 IU/mL, 38 IU/mL, or 2.61, respectively. Combination of AFP with ALT, AST, and NLR improved the diagnostic performance for HBV‐HCC, compared to any of the single biomarkers or any other combinations among these patients (except no‐cirrhosis).ConclusionsElderliness, male sex, elevated ALT, AST, NLR, AFP, cirrhosis, HBeAg+, and no‐antiviral treatment were independent risk factors for HBV‐HCC. AASLD standard of ALT cut‐off value may not be suitable for the Chinese population. Regular monitoring of HCC among HBeAg‐ patients with abnormal AFP may improve the management of HBV‐HCC. The diagnostic performance of AFP combined with ALT, AST, and NLR for HBV‐HCC was superior to single biomarker or any other combinations among these patients, and its diagnostic equation can be used as useful tool for differentiation of HBV‐HCC from CHB.
Utilization potential of Glutograph in wheat breeding programs and the influence of genotype and environment on bread wheat quality
Authors: Kaplan Evlice Asuman , Pehlivan Aliye , Sanal Turgay , Salantur Ayten , Kilic Gokhan , Dugan Gulcin , Boyaci Ismail H. , Koksel Hamit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesGlutograph is a relatively new instrument to determine the stretch (GS) and relaxation (GR) properties of wheat gluten. The aims of this research were to determine heritability values of GS and GR and to investigate the effects of genotype and environment on some quality parameters and yield. The relationship between Glutograph parameters and other traits was also investigated by using correlation and biplot analyses.FindingsWide ranges of variability values were observed among both genotypes and environments for Glutograph parameters and other investigated characteristics. Genotype was found to be the most significant source of variation (~69%), and high heritability values (~0.95) were calculated for Glutograph parameters. Glutograph parameters had strong relationships with gluten index (GI) and Alveograph deformation energy (W) based on correlation and biplot analyses. Biplot analysis performed on 24 genotypes and nineteen traits demonstrated that especially eight genotypes had similar responses for GS, GI, grain protein content, Alveograph elasticity index, W, and Zeleny sedimentation values.ConclusionGlutograph could be a beneficial quick screening test especially in early stages of breeding programs for improving the baking quality of wheat.Significance and noveltyThe high heritability values indicate that Glutograph has a great potential for evaluation of gluten quality, especially in breeding programs.
Sustainable Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes to Anilines with Highly Active in‐situ Generated Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Kinik F. Pelin , Nguyen Tu N. , Mensi Mounir , Ireland Christopher P. , Stylianou Kyriakos C. , Smit Berend 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMetal nanoparticles (NPs) are usually stabilized by a capping agent, a surfactant, or a support material, to maintain their integrity. However, these strategies can impact their intrinsic catalytic activity. Here, we demonstrate that the in‐situ formation of copper NPs (Cu0NPs) upon the reduction of the earth‐abundant Jacquesdietrichite mineral with ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) can provide an alternative solution for stability issues. During the formation of Cu0NPs, hydrogen gas is released from AB, and utilized for the reduction of nitroarenes to their corresponding anilines, at room temperature and under ambient pressure. After the nitroarene‐to‐aniline conversion is completed, regeneration of the mineral occurs upon the exposure of Cu0NPs to air. Thus, the hydrogenation reaction can be performed multiple times without the loss of the Cu0NPs’ activity. As a proof‐of‐concept, the hydrogenation of drug molecules “flutamide” and “nimesulide” was also performed and their corresponding amino‐compounds were isolated in high selectivity and yield.
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF 3D‐PRINTED T‐STUB MODELS
Authors: Daniel Carazo‐Álvarez , Pedro Herranz‐Colomina , Beatriz Aranda‐Martínez , Jaime Ruiz‐Canales 
Published: March 2020

Abstract3D printing does not stop advancing as a technique for manufacturing and prototyping new pieces. In the present work, the behaviour of models of T‐Stub connections obtained by means of 3D printing is investigated. Models with different thickness and four different materials have been tested. The deformation of the pieces has been registered using Digital Image Correlation. The initial resistance and rigidity values obtained experimentally are compared with those predicted by the Eurocode. Significant differences are observed mainly due to the brittle behaviour of these pieces, as opposed to the ductility of the steel structures.
Control over the Aspect Ratio of Supramolecular Nanosheets by Molecular Design
Authors: Sasaki Norihiko , Yuan Jennifer , Fukui Tomoya , Takeuchi Masayuki , Sugiyasu Kazunori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent developments in kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerization permit control of the size (i.e., length and area) of self‐assembled nanostructures. However, control of molecular self‐assembly at a level comparable with organic synthetic chemistry and the achievement of structural complexity at a hierarchy larger than the molecular level remain challenging. This study focuses on controlling the aspect ratio of supramolecular nanosheets. A systematic understanding of the relationship between the monomer structure and the self‐assembly energy landscape has derived a new monomer capable of forming supramolecular nanosheets. With this monomer in hand, the aspect ratio of a supramolecular nanosheet is demonstrated that it can be controlled by modulating intermolecular interactions in two dimensions.