bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indonesian fruits classification from image using MPEG‐7 descriptors and ensemble of simple classifiers
Authors: Siswantoro Joko , Arwoko Heru , Widiasri Monica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFruits classification from image is a very challenging task, particularly for Indonesian indigenous fruits, due to some similarities occurred in several types of the fruits. This study proposes a method to classify Indonesian fruits from image using MPEG‐7 color and texture descriptors. The descriptors were directly extracted from the image without pre‐processing and segmentation steps. Principle component analysis was then applied to reduce the dimension of the descriptors. Four simple classifiers, decision tree, naïve Bayesian, linear discriminant analysis, and k‐nearest neighbor were used to classify the fruit image based on extracted descriptors. An ensemble of simple classifiers trained with some combination of MPEG‐7 descriptors has been constructed to increase the classification accuracy of single simple classifier. To validate the proposed method, an Indonesian fruit images data set consisted of 15 classes was developed in this study. The experiment result showed that the ensemble of simple classifiers achieved the best accuracy of 97.80% by employing linear discriminant analysis, and k‐nearest neighbor as base classifiers trained using CSD, SCD, and the combination of CLD and EHD. Therefore, the proposed method achieved a good classification accuracy and can be applied in vision‐based classification system in industry.Practical ApplicationsThis study proposes a method to classify Indonesian fruits from image using MPEG‐7 descriptors and the ensemble of simple classifiers. The proposed method can be applied in vision‐based fruit sorting system in fruit industry as well as vision‐based fruit pricing system in supermarket.
Feeling safe with patient‐controlled admissions: A grounded theory study of the mental health patients' experiences
Authors: Ellegaard Trine , Bliksted Vibeke , Mehlsen Mimi , Lomborg Kirsten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo develop a grounded theory of the patients' experiences with patient‐controlled admission.BackgroundResearch indicates a potential for involving patients in mental health care, but there is a need to develop and investigate new approaches in health services. Patient‐controlled admission is an option for patients with severe mental disorders to refer themselves for a brief hospital admission when needed and thus avoid the usual admission procedure.DesignClassic grounded theory with generation of a theory based on the constant comparative method for data collection and analysis.MethodsField observations and interviews with 26 mental health patients. The COREQ checklist was followed.ResultsWe found that patient‐controlled admission induced safety by providing faster access to help and thus preventing further deterioration of symptoms. Being self‐determined, achieving calmness and receiving care with support and guidance from professionals during admission contributed to the sense of safety. The familiarity with the mental health professionals in their related units supported the patients in managing their situation. On the other hand, feelings of being overlooked by the professionals and experiencing uncertainty could undermine patients' feeling of safety.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that safety is a focal point for patients when receiving help and support in mental health care. Patient‐controlled admission can induce a feeling of safety both at the hospital and at home. Patients' self‐determination is strengthened, and brief admissions give them an opportunity to handle what they are currently struggling with. Professionals can support patients in this, but their actions can also reduce patients’ feeling of safety.Relevance to clinical practicePatient involvement can be introduced in psychiatry, and even severely ill patients seem to be able to assess their own condition. Feasibility may, however, be associated with the attitude and behaviour of the professionals in clinical practice.
How Does High School Extracurricular Participation Predict Bachelor’s Degree Attainment? It is Complicated
Authors: Gardner Margo , Hutt Stephen , Kamentz Donald , Duckworth Angela L. , D’Mello Sidney K. 
Published: March 2020

This study answered novel questions about the connection between high school extracurricular dosage (number of activities and participation duration) and the attainment of a bachelor’s degree. Using data from the Common Application and the National Student Clearinghouse (N = 311,308), we found that greater extracurricular participation positively predicted bachelor’s degree attainment. However, among students who ultimately earned a bachelor’s degree, participating in more than a moderate number of high school activities (3 or 4) predicted decreasing odds of earning a bachelor’s degree on time (within 4 years). This effect intensified as participation duration increased, such that students who participated in the greatest number of high school activities for the most years were the most likely to delay college graduation.
Use of the esa resistance index to guide dosing for anaemia management
Authors: Ross Edward A. , Paugh‐Miller Jennifer L. , Wen Xuerong , Nappo Robert W. 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundIdentifying erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent (ESA) resistance is important for treating reversible causes, reaching target haemoglobin levels with minimal dosing, avoiding adverse effects and reducing costs. The resistance index (RI, dose/kg weight/g haemoglobin/dl) is reportedly superior to absolute or weight‐based dosing.ObjectivesWith the growing number of ESA classes and medications, our goal was to develop methodology to establish RI ranges in otherwise healthy haemodialysis patients as a structured approach to identify remediable causes of anaemia.DesignWe retrospectively studied anaemia management with darbepoetin in 100 chronic haemodialysis patients and a subgroup of 48 without identifiable conditions that impair erythropoiesis. Data included inflammatory and bone marrow conditions, medications with hematologic effects, catheter use, iron, parathyroid and dialysis measures.ResultsThe haematologically healthy group was aged 57.1 ± 1.9 SEM years, 33% diabetic, with haemoglobin 10.4 ± 0.2 g/dl. The darbepoetin RI (DRI) values were 0.05 ± 0.01, absolute dose 38.5 ± 3.5 mcg/week and weight‐based 0.50 ± 0.05 mcg/kg. Regression analyses included iron saturation, ferritin, parathyroid hormone and urea reduction ratio. DRI was superior to other dosing approaches based on the distribution of results (kurtosis) and discordance between the measures that occurred in 17% of patients at haemoglobin target.ConclusionsWe demonstrate the value of determining the RI for use with expanding ESA choices, using as an example how DRI values can be established for healthy haemodialysis patients so as to guide dosing. When elevated, the RI can trigger evaluation for remediable factors causing hyporesponsiveness even when haemoglobin goals have been reached.
A refractory inclusion with solar oxygen isotopes and the rarity of such objects in the meteorite record
Authors: Kööp Levke , Nagashima Kazuhide , Davis Andrew M. , Krot Alexander N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNASA's Genesis mission revealed that the Sun is enriched in 16O compared to the Earth and Mars (the Sun's Δ17O, defined as δ17O–0.52×δ18O, is –28.4 ± 3.6‰; McKeegan et al. 2011). Materials as 16O‐rich as the Sun are extremely rare in the meteorite record. Here, we describe a Ca‐Al‐rich inclusion (CAI) from a CM chondrite that is as 16O‐enriched as the Sun (Δ17O = –29.1 ± 0.7‰). This CAI also has large nucleosynthetic anomalies in 48Ca and 50Ti (δ‐values are –8.1 ± 3.3 and –11.7 ± 2.4‰, respectively) and shows no clear evidence for incorporation of live 26Al; (26Al/27Al)0 = (0.03 ± 0.11) × 10–5. Due to their anomalous isotopic characteristics, the rare CAIs consistent with the Genesis value could be among the first materials that formed in the solar system. In contrast to the CAI studied here, the majority of CAIs formed in or interacted with a reservoir characterized by a Δ17O value near –23.5‰. Combined with 26Al‐26Mg systematics, the oxygen isotopic compositions of FUN (fractionation and unidentified nuclear effects), UN, and normal CAIs suggest that nebular conditions were favorable for solids to inherit this value for an extended period of time. Many later‐formed materials, such as chondrules, planetesimals, and terrestrial planets, formed in reservoirs with Δ17O near 0‰. The distribution could be easier to explain if the common CAI value of –23.5‰, which is consistent with the Genesis value within 3σ, represented the average composition of the protoplanetary disk.
Demystifying the mirror taboo: A neurocognitive model of viewing self in the mirror
Authors: Freysteinson Wyona M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch has consistently demonstrated that viewing one's body in a mirror after an amputation or other perceived or visible body disfigurements can be a traumatic experience. Mirror viewing or mirroring is a taboo subject, which may be the reason this trauma has not been previously detected or acknowledged. Traumatic mirror viewing may lead to mirror discomfort, mirror avoidance, and a host of psychosocial concerns, including post‐traumatic stress. As mirroring is complex, four qualitative mirror viewing studies, embodiment concepts, polyvagal theory, and memory theories were used to develop a model. In this article, foundational knowledge that led to the development of the model is shared. A neurocognitive model of mirror viewing is offered together with implications for nursing research, practice, and education.
Data sharing in small and medium US cities: The role of community characteristics
Authors: Fusi Federica , Feeney Mary K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis research investigates whether political, social and economic characteristics of local communities are related to data sharing between city departments and businesses and nonprofit organizations. Research about data sharing typically emphasizes managerial, organizational and technological factors in departments, largely neglecting community characteristics. The willingness to share data depends on the relationships between the government and external stakeholders, and these relationships are shaped by the political, social and economic characteristics of local communities. Using data from a 2016 survey of 2,500 department heads in 500 US cities with populations between 25,000 and 250,000, we find that data sharing increases in cities where communities are politically engaged, hold Democratic preferences, and there are higher rates of public sector employment and economic inequality. Data sharing is less likely to occur in communities with higher education and more nonprofit associations.
Immediate Effects of the Combination of Interferential Therapy Parameters on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Almeida Nicole , Paladini Luis Henrique , Korelo RacieleIvandra Guarda , Liebano Richard E. , de Macedo Ana Carolina Brandt 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the immediate analgesic effects of 2 kHz or 4 kHz interferential current (IFC) with different amplitude‐modulated frequencies (AMFs) (2 Hz or 100 Hz) on chronic low back pain (CLBP).DesignThree‐arm double‐blinded randomized controlled trial.SettingPrimary care.Participants175 patients (19 to 60 years of age, 105 female) with CLBP.InterventionsOne session of IFC: Interferential group (GI): GI2 kHz/100 Hz, GI2 kHz/2 Hz, GI4 kHz/100 Hz, GI4 kHz/2 Hz, or placebo.Main Outcomes MeasuresPain intensity by numerical rating scale of pain (NRS), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), and algometry.ResultsThere was a significant difference in NRS scores (P < 0.05) in the GI2 kHz/2 Hz, GI4 kHz/2 Hz, and GI4 kHz/100 Hz groups compared with those of the placebo group (PG), and a significant difference in MPQ scores in the GI4 kHz/2 Hz and GI4 kHz/100 Hz groups compared with those of the PG. In algometry, only the GI4 kHz/100 Hz group showed a significant difference (by 2 points in the lumbar region) compared with the PG. Of the carrier frequencies, an IFC of 4 kHz showed more effective results, although no significant difference was noted between the AMFs.ConclusionAn IFC with a carrier frequency of 4 kHz and an AMF of 100 Hz provide immediate analgesic effects in individuals with CLBP.Clinical Trial Registration number: RBR‐59YGRB.
Oregano Essential Oil Interactions with Photogenerated Singlet Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Dimarco Palencia Frida C. D. , Muñoz Vanesa A. , Posadaz Ariana C. , Cifuente Diego A. , Miskoski Sandra , Ferrari Gabriela V. , García Norman A. , Montaña María P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEssential oils are a mixture of volatile compounds, products of the secondary metabolism of plants. Once extracted, they can be deteriorated losing their organoleptic and therapeutic properties due to various environmental factors, being light exposure in aerobic conditions the main cause. In this work, the oregano essential oil extraction and characterization from Origanum vulgare plants grown in the experimental field of the FTU‐UNSL and its photodegradation in MeOH:H2O 60:40 v/v solvent were studied. Characterization by EIMS and NIST Mass Spectrometry indicates the main compounds of oregano essential oil, quantified in the extracted oil by GC‐MS, are carvacrol (7.14%) and thymol (47.37%). Degradation of essential oil and its two major components can be caused by reactive oxygen species photogenerated from endogenous sensitizers as riboflavin. Our results suggest degradation occurs involving singlet molecular oxygen. Interaction of carvacrol and thymol with singlet oxygen is mainly a physical process, while essential oil has an important reactive component, which indicates there might be other constituents which could contribute to reactive photoprotection. The effect of simultaneous presence of oregano essential oil and tryptophan amino acid—used as a photooxidizable model under riboflavin‐photosensitizing conditions—was studied in order to evaluate the possible photoprotection exerted by the essential oil.
Effects of plant age on performance of the tropical perennial fodder grass,Cenchrus ciliarisL. subjected to elevated ultraviolet‐B radiation
Authors: Hamid A. , Singh S. , Agrawal M. , Agrawal S. B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAbiotic stress, notably high ultraviolet‐B (eUV‐B), limit growth and productivity of many crop plants, but information on response of forage grasses to eUV‐B radiation is rather limited.The present study was therefore conducted to increase our understanding of differential age‐related responses on growth, metabolism and fodder quality ofCenchrus ciliaris‐3108 (Buffel grass) to elevated UV‐B (eUV‐B: 7.2 kJ·m−2·day−1).Plant growth at both growth stages was notably reduced in response to eUV‐B, except for the number of nodes and tillers at vegetative and reproductive stages. At anthesis, tillering increased due to the perennial habit of this plant, but leaf senescence reduced the number of leaves per tiller. Unlike ambient UV‐B, eUV‐B at the vegetative stage resulted in diversion of photosynthate for the formation of secondary metabolites (tannins and phenolics), providing dual protection from photooxidative damage and from herbivory.The forage biomass as well as quality showed a marked decline under eUV‐B and relative nutritive value was reduced at both growth stages.
Higher doses of Melatonin affect ovarian and middle uterine arteries vascular blood flow and induce oestrus earlier in acyclic ewes
Authors: Abdelnaby Elshymaa A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single intramuscular injection of melatonin on response of oestrus, rate of conception, ovarian and uterine blood supply during the non‐breeding season. Melatonin powder was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and olive oil and injected in two dose of 25 mg (MEL‐1; n = 10) and 50 mg (MEL‐2; n = 10) in May. Ten ewes were served as the control (CON). Results showed that oestrous response was higher in the MEL‐2 group than in other groups (p < .01). The time to onset of oestrus in both the MEL‐1 and MEL‐2 groups was significantly shorter, compared with the CON group (p < .01). Pregnancy rates reached 80% and 90% at 45 days of gestation. Doppler indices of the right and left ovarian artery were lower in the melatonin groups than in normal groups (p < .01). Both Doppler indices in uterine arteries were not different among two treatment groups (p > .05), but there was a significant difference when compared with the CON group (p < .01), no difference found between two treatment group in the Doppler velocities of middle uterine arteries (p > .05). In conclusion, the definite changes in the studied parameters showed two novel findings; (a) the increase in melatonin dose results in increasing the blood flow expressed by increased Doppler velocities in fatty tailed ewes, (b) as well as, melatonin can initiate the breeding season regardless of the season earlier by 1–2 months in ewes.
Activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells with two structurally different Toll‐like receptor 7 agonists
Authors: Berggren Olof , Pucholt Pascal , Amcoff Cane , Rönnblom Lars , Eloranta Maija‐Leena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSynthetic Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 7 agonists have been suggested as immune modulators in a range of conditions. In contrast, self‐derived TLR7 activators, such as RNA‐containing immune complexes (RNA‐IC), can contribute to autoimmune diseases due to endogenous immune activation. The exact difference in immune cell response between synthetic and endogenous TLR7 triggers is only partly known. An understanding of these differences could aid in the development of new therapeutic agents and provide insights into autoimmune disease mechanisms. We therefore compared the stimulatory capacity of two TLR7 agonists, RNA‐IC and a synthetic small molecule DSR‐6434, on blood leucocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B cells from healthy individuals. IFN‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF levels were measured by immunoassays, and gene expression in pDCs was analysed by an expression array. DSR‐6434 triggered 20‐fold lower levels of IFN‐α by pDCs, but higher production of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF, compared to RNA‐IC. Furthermore, IFN‐α and TNF production were increased with exogenous IFN‐α2b priming, whereas IL‐8 synthesis by B cells was reduced for both stimuli. Cocultivation of pDCs and B cells increased the RNA‐IC‐stimulated IFN‐α and TNF levels, while only IL‐6 production was enhanced in the DSR‐6434‐stimulated cocultures. When comparing pDCs stimulated with RNA‐IC and DSR‐6434, twelve genes were differentially expressed (log2 fold change >2, adjusted P‐value <.05). In conclusion, RNA‐IC, which mimics an endogenous TLR7 stimulator, and the synthetic TLR7 agonist DSR‐6434 trigger distinct inflammatory profiles in immune cells. This demonstrates the importance of using relevant stimuli when targeting the TLR7 pathway for therapeutic purposes.
Onscreen‐guided resection of extra‐axial and intra‐axial forebrain masses through registration of a variable‐suction tissue resection device with a neuronavigation system
Authors: Packer Rebecca A. , McGrath Stephanie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe a novel surgical technique in which neuronavigation is used to guide a tissue resection device during excision of forebrain masses in locations difficult to visualize optically.Study designShort case series.AnimalsSix dogs and one cat with forebrain masses (five neoplastic, two nonneoplastic) undergoing excision with a novel tissue resection device and veterinary neuronavigation system.MethodsThe animals and resection instrument were coregistered to the neuronavigation system. Surgery was guided by real‐time onscreen visualization of the resection instrument position relative to the preoperative MR images. Surgical outcome was evaluated by calculating residual tumor volume according to postoperative MRI.ResultsThe technique was technically simple and led to the collection of diagnostic tissue samples in all cases. Postoperative MRI was available in six cases, two with gross‐total resection, three with near‐total resection, and one with subtotal resection.ConclusionNeuronavigation‐guided resection of intra‐axial and extra‐axial brain masses with the resection device resulted in gross‐total or near‐total resection in five of six animals with tumors otherwise difficult to visualize. Risk of brain shift limited absolute reliance on navigation images.Clinical significanceReal‐time neuronavigation assistance is a feasible method for guidance and successful resection of brain masses that are poorly visualized because of intra‐axial or deep location, tumor appearance, or hemorrhage.
High-Particle-Density YAG:Ce Phosphor Coating for High Power Laser Lighting
Authors: Yang Yi , Long Tao , Zhuang Songlin , Wang Lai , Luo Yi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Inorganic Ce doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) fluorescent plates based on various manufacturing methods have been studied in recent years for laser lighting systems. A laser lighting optical system is designed to generate high central intensity beam, and light spreading effect for both YAG single crystal and YAG/Al2O3 composite is investigated. YAG single crystal and YAG/Al2O3 composite lose 50.8% and 25.9% of their light power from central pumping area, respectively, resulting in proportional decrease in central intensity. To solve this problem, a low-cost YAG:Ce high-particle-density phosphor coating (HPD-PC) was prepared for Etendue-limited applications. With only 8.5% of light spreading, under 47.7 W/mm2 pumping power density, YAG HPD-PC emits 1880 lm with the conversion efficiency of 157 lm/W. YAG HPD-PC also could work well under power density more than 100 W/mm2.
Learning Flatness-Based Controller Using Neural Networks
Authors: Ren Hailin , Qi Jingyuan , Ben-Tzvi Pinhas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a method to imitate flatness-based controllers for mobile robots using neural networks. Sample case studies for a unicycle mobile robot and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) quadcopter are presented. The goals of this paper are to (1) train a neural network to approximate a previously designed flatness-based controller, which takes in the desired trajectories previously planned in the flatness space and robot states in a general state space, and (2) present a dynamic training approach to learn models with high-dimensional inputs. It is shown that a simple feedforward neural network could adequately compute the highly nonlinear state variables transformation from general state space to flatness space and replace the complicated designed heuristic to avoid singularities in the control law. This paper also presents a new dynamic training method for models with high-dimensional independent inputs, serving as a reference for learning models with a multitude of inputs. Training procedures and simulations are presented to show both the effectiveness of this novel training approach and the performance of the well-trained neural network.