bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IA Aplicada a Jogos Digitais: Oportunidades e Desafios no Campo da Educação
Authors: Aranha​ Eduardo , Araújo​ Wendell , Madeira​ Charles 
Published: March 2020

Jogos digitais educativos têm um papel importante na educação. Entretanto, existem vários desafios que precisam ser enfrentados com pesquisas de longo prazo para se alcançar seu pleno uso e benefícios esperados. Neste sentido, a inteligência artificial (IA) apresenta-se como uma área de pesquisa com grande potencial de apoio para superar esses desafios. Neste artigo, apresentamos uma revisão da literatura sobre jogos digitais na educação e como a IA já vem sendo utilizada na área de jogos digitais, de forma geral. Com base nisso, apresentamos os principais desafios para os jogos digitais educacionais e como a IA pode ser utilizada em pesquisas de longo prazo para solucioná-los. A inteligência artificial (IA) vem avançando em passos largos com o objetivo de tornar as tarefas dos seres humanos mais produtivas e eficazes. Esses avanços têm proporcionado o desenvolvimento de diversas aplicações e equipamentos que são cada vez mais presentes no cotidiano. Apenas para exemplificar, temos sistemas inteligentes nos smartphones, nos imóveis, nos automóveis, nos robôs, soluções para monitoramento de tarefas de risco, entre outros. Isto pode ser percebido em diversos setores tais como a saúde, a educação, o comércio, a indústria, o exército, etc. No contexto da educação, particularmente, diversas iniciativas vêm sendo desenvolvidas com técnicas de IA. Um exemplo bastante impressionante neste sentido é o sistema Watson da IBM1, que é
Aprisionamento parental no Brasil – um estudo metanalítico
Authors: Castro Claudia Gomes de , Barreto Maria de Lourdes Mattos 
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo analisa teses e dissertações que investigaram as implicações do aprisionamento parental em âmbito familiar, tomando como base de consulta a Biblioteca Nacional de Teses e Dissertações dos principais programas de pós-graduação das Universidades Brasileiras entre 2006 e 2016. Busca-se trabalhar esse tema, realizando uma revisão sistemática nos moldes propostos por Cooper (2010) e detalhado em artigo científico por Figueiredo Filho e outros (2014), que envolvem a abordagem metodológica, tipos de pesquisa, métodos de coleta e análise dos dados, autores que mais produzem na área e referências mais usadas. Os resultados demonstram que o tema ainda é pouco estudado pelos programas de pós-graduação no Brasil, sobretudo quando se trata de dar voz a crianças e adolescentes envolvidos nessa situação.
Teaching Copyright Literacy in University Contexts
Authors: Högberg Charlotte 
Published: March 2020

The IFLA Statement on Copyright Education and Copyright Literacy declares that libraries should work to enhance copyright literacy and that librarians should function as educators to achieve this. Libraries should offer workshops and training, especially when laws are amended. In the EU, member states need to implement the new copyright directive in their national legislation by June 2021 at the latest. This calls for additional focus on copyright education in the near future. This paper seeks to gain understanding of the prospects for teaching copyright literacy in university contexts and how the education best promote learning, by applying principles of learning processes on the teachings of copyright.
Copyright is foremost a practical matter for students and faculty, which stresses the importance of shaping the content in relation to the target group. While undergraduate students struggle with how to re-use other sources for their work, researchers are more likely to struggle with what rights they are signing away or how to re-use their own work. Tailoring instruction is crucial, but what learning processes are important specifically for the subject of copyright, and how do we best approach them to foster learning?
A set of principles is identified: activate prior knowledge, set the tone, establish ground for motivation and use case bases learning activities. These principles can enhance learning but also pose challenges, such as if prior knowledge of a differing national legislation is applied in an incorrect manner, or how to create a positive classroom climate where participants are at ease with sharing previous lack of knowledge or unlawful practice. By the use of practical scenarios make it easier to understand how copyright works. By using cases set within familiar contexts, a deeper understanding can develop and students and faculty can be empowered to solve copyright issues or know when to ask for support.
Association of sleep among 30 antidepressants: a population-wide adverse drug reaction study, 2004–2019
Authors: Eugene Andy R. 
Published: March 2020

Background
Sleep is one of the most essential processes required to maintain a healthy human life, and patients experiencing psychiatric illness often experience an inability to sleep. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that antidepressant compounds with strong binding affinities for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor, histamine H1 receptors, or norepinephrine transporter (NET) will be associated with the highest odds of somnolence.

Methods
Post-marketing cases of patient adverse drug reactions were obtained from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) during the reporting window of January 2004 to September 2019. Disproportionality analyses of antidepressants reporting somnolence were calculated using the case/non-case method. The reporting odds-ratios (ROR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were computed and all computations and graphing conducted in R.

Results
There were a total of 69,196 reported cases of somnolence out of a total of 7,366,864 cases reported from January 2004 to September 2019. Among the 30 antidepressants assessed, amoxapine (n = 16) reporting odds-ratio (ROR) = 7.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] [4.3–11.7]), atomoxetine (n = 1,079) ROR = 6.6 (95% CI [6.2–7.1]), a compound generally approved for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and maprotiline (n = 18) ROR = 6.3 (95% CI, 3.9–10.1) were the top three compounds ranked with the highest reporting odds of somnolence. In contrast, vortioxetine (n = 52) ROR = 1.3 (95% CI [1.0–1.8]), milnacipran (n = 58) ROR = 2.1 (95% CI [1.7–2.8]), and bupropion (n = 1,048) ROR = 2.2 (95% CI [2.1–2.4]) are least significantly associated with somnolence. Moreover, levomilnacipran (n = 1) ROR = 0.4 (95% CI [0.1–2.9]) was not associated with somnolence.

Conclusion
Among the thirty tested antidepressants, consistent with the original hypothesis, amoxepine has strongest 5-HT2C receptor binding affinity and has the highest reporting odds of somnolence. Atomoxetine, ranked second in reporting odds of somnolence overall, binds to the NET with with the strongest binding affinity among the thirty compounds. Mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant, was ranked 11th in reporting odds of somnolence and had the strongest H1 receptor binding affinity. This study provides an informative ranking of somnolence among thirty antidepressant compounds with an already wide array of clinical indications as well as provides insight into potential drug repurposing in psychopharmacology.
Codon optimization, expression in Escherichia coli, and immunogenicity analysis of deformed wing virus (DWV) structural protein
Authors: Fei Dongliang , Guo Yaxi , Fan Qiong , Li Ming , Sun Li , Ma Mingxiao , Li Yijing 
Published: March 2020

Background
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a serious threat to honey bees (Apis mellifera) and is considered a major cause of elevated losses of honey bee colonies. However, lack of information on the immunogenicity of DWV structural proteins has hindered the development of effective biocontrol drugs.

Methods
We optimized the VP1, VP2 and VP3 codons of DWV surface capsid protein genes on the basis of an Escherichia coli codon bias, and the optimized genes of roVP1, roVP2 and roVP3 were separately expressed in E. coli and purified. Next, the three recombinant proteins of roVP1, roVP2 and roVP3 were intramuscularly injected into BALB/c and the immunogenicity was evaluated by the levels of specific IgG and cytokines. Furthermore, anti-roVP-antisera (roVP1 or roVP2 or roVP3) from the immunized mice was incubated with DWV for injecting healthy white-eyed pupae for the viral challenge test, respectively.

Results
The optimized genes roVP1, roVP2 and roVP3 achieved the expression in E. coli using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Post-immunization, roVP2 and roVP3 exhibited higher immunogenicity than roVP1 and stimulated a stronger humoral immune response in the mice, which showed that the recombinant proteins of roVP3 and roVP2 induced a specific immune response in the mice. In the challenge test, data regarding quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) from challenged pupae showed that the level of virus copies in the recombinant protein groups was significantly lower than that of the virus-only group at 96 h post-inoculation (P < 0.05). Among them, the degree of neutralization using antibodies raised to the recombinant proteins are between approximately 2-fold and 4-fold and the virus copies of the roVP3 group are the lowest in the three recombinant protein groups, which indicated that specific antibodies against recombinant proteins roVP1, roVP2 and roVP3 of DWV could neutralize DWV to reduce the virus titer in the pupae. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the surface capsid protein of DWV acted as candidates for the development of therapeutic antibodies against the virus.
The Ethnobotanical Survey, Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Extracts of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub
Authors: Alimata Bance , Dofini Magnini René , Souleymane Compaore , Eli Compaore , Noufou Ouedraogo , Seydou Sourabie D. , Hassanata Millogo/Kone , Martin Kiendrebeogo 
Published: March 2020

Aims: To investigate the ethnomedicinal uses of Prosopis africana (Guill. & Perr.) Taub and to screen the antimicrobial property as well as determine the phytochemical constituents of leaves, stems and root bark.
Study Design: Ethnobotanical surveys, antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of extracts of P. africana.
Place and Duration of Study: The ethnobotanical survey was conducted during June 2015 in Zounweogo Province. The experiments were conducted at the Department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopeia-Pharmacy (MEPHATRA-PH) of the Institute of Research in Health and Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LA.BIO.C.A), University Joseph KI-ZERBO.
Methodology: The semi-structured questionnaires were administrated to 36 traditional healers and elucidated out on the ethnomedicinal uses of P. africana in treating bacterial infections, the plant parts used and the mode of administration. The antimicrobial activity of different polar extracts of the leaves, the stem and root were evaluated by using the agar diffusion method and the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts via microdilution method. The phytochemical constituents of all extracts were also screened air Ciulei method.
Results: The traditional healers consisted of 64% women and 36% men were surveyed. P. africana is used to treat tooth decay, childhood diarrhoea and chronic wounds. Leaves and the stem bark are the most commonly used plant part in treating bacterial infections while the roots are primarily used for other therapeutic purposes. The main method of administration was decoction. Methanol extracts of the leaves showed better antibacterial activity on all bacterial strains than aqueous extracts: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC = 390 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 13.00 ±1.00 mm), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (MIC = 390 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 12.33 ± 1.53 mm), Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 (MIC = 3120 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 13±1,00 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC = 12500 µg/ml; diameter of inhibition = 12.33±0.58 mm). Alkaloid salts, tannins, sterols and triterpenes, saponosides, flavonic glycosides and leucoanthocyans were found in extracts of the leaves, as well as in the barks of the stem and root.
Conclusion: These results demonstrated that P. africana is a potent source of antimicrobial compounds and could justify its traditional use of in the folklore medicine of Zounweogo Province.
Inoculation of Wheat Plants with Pseudomonas spp. and Azospirillum brasilense under Drought Stress
Authors: Fioreze Samuel Luiz , Pinheiro Magaiver Gindri , Pereira Yriá Dias , Cruz Sonia Purin da 
Published: March 2020

Aims: To investigate the effect of inoculation and co-inoculation of Pseudomonas spp. and Azospirillum brasilense on the morphophysiological characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress conditions.
Study Design: A randomized complete block design was used in a split plot scheme with four replicates. The plots consisted of irrigated and drought conditions. The subplots consisted of control (without inoculation), inoculation of Pseudomonas spp., inoculation of A. brasilense and co-inoculation of Pseudomonas spp. + A. brasilense. Liquid inoculant was used for two bacteria.
Place and Duration of Study: Agricultural Experimental Area of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus of Curitibanos, SC, Brazil, between July and October 2018.
Methodology: Inoculation was performed at the time of sowing. Water deficit was characterized by irrigation suppression after plant emergence, considering a 25-day period without significant rainfall. At the end of the water restriction period, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) index and morphologic parameters of wheat plants was determined.
Results: Drought stress decreased dry matter accumulation of wheat plants, in terms of number of tillers, above ground dry matter and root-shoot ratio. Inoculation or co-inoculation with Pseudomonas spp. and A. brasilense did not affect plant growth. Under drought stress, SPAD index was higher in plants co-inoculated with Pseudomonas spp. and A. brasilense.
Conclusion: Although maintains SPAD index of wheat plants under drought stress, inoculation and co-inoculation with Pseudomonas spp. and A. brasilense do not influence the morphological characters of wheat plants.
Wavelength‐Tunable Mid‐Infrared Lasing from Black Phosphorus Nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Yushuang , Wang Shaowei , Chen Shula , Zhang Qinglin , Wang Xiao , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhang Xuehong , Xu Xing , Yang Tiefeng , He Mai , Yang Xin , Li Ziwei , Chen Xu , Wu Mingfei , Lu Yuerui , Ma Renmin , Lu Wei , Pan Anlian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVan der Waals layered semiconductor materials own unique physical properties and have attracted intense interest in developing high‐performance electronic and photonic devices. Among them, black phosphorus (BP) is distinct for its layer number‐tuned direct band gap which spans from near‐ to mid‐infrared (MIR) waveband. In addition, the puckered honey comb crystal lattice endows the material with highly linear‐polarized emission and marked anisotropy in carrier transportation. These unique material properties render BP as an intriguing and promising building block for constructing mid‐infrared‐ranged coherent light sources. Here, a room temperature surface‐emitting MIR laser based on single crystalline BP nanosheets coupled with a distributed Bragg reflector cavity is reported. MIR stimulated emission at 3611 nm is achieved with a near‐unity linear polarization, which exhibits robust thermal stability up to 360 K. Most importantly, the lasing wavelength can be tuned from 3425 to 4068 nm by varying the cavity length via thickness control of BP layer. The demonstrated highly polarized lasing output and wavelength‐tunable capacity of the proposed device scheme in MIR spectral range opens up promising opportunities for a broad array of applications in polarization‐resolved IR imaging, range‐finding, and free space quantum communications.
Highly Efficient Tandem White OLED Using a Hollow Structure
Authors: Han Kyung‐Hoon , Kim Kwan , Han Yoonjay , Kim Yang‐Doo , Lim Hyoungcheol , Huh Daihong , Shin Hyun , Lee Heon , Kim Jang‐Joo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA simple fabrication method for a light extraction layer is required. In this report, an internal light extraction layer composed of a high refractive index material and an air void is fabricated in five steps. A direct printing process followed by annealing of the randomly arrayed poly(benzyl methacrylate) pillars after a planarization process using TiO2‐nanoparticle dispersed resist and sol is used. These substrates are used for light extraction in white tandem organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs). By combining the hollow structure and hemi‐spherical lens, WOLEDs without and with the light extraction structures are found to show maximum external quantum efficiencies of 35.6% and 103%, respectively. The power efficiencies at 100 cd m−2 of the WOLEDs without and with the light extraction structures are found to be 26.5 and 93.2 lm W−1, respectively. A color rendering index of 86.4, correlated color temperature of 4860 K, and CIE of (0.353, 0.389) are achieved in the WOLEDs with light extraction structures.
Ferromagnetic Order at Room Temperature in Monolayer WSe2 Semiconductor via Vanadium Dopant
Authors: Yun Seok Joon , Duong Dinh Loc , Ha Doan Manh , Singh Kirandeep , Phan Thanh Luan , Choi Wooseon , Kim Young‐Min , Lee Young Hee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiluted magnetic semiconductors including Mn‐doped GaAs are attractive for gate‐controlled spintronics but Curie transition at room temperature with long‐range ferromagnetic order is still debatable to date. Here, the room‐temperature ferromagnetic domains with long‐range order in semiconducting V‐doped WSe2 monolayer synthesized by chemical vapor deposition are reported. Ferromagnetic order is manifested using magnetic force microscopy up to 360 K, while retaining high on/off current ratio of ≈105 at 0.1% V‐doping concentration. The V‐substitution to W sites keeps a V–V separation distance of 5 nm without V–V aggregation, scrutinized by high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. More importantly, the ferromagnetic order is clearly modulated by applying a back‐gate bias. The findings open new opportunities for using 2D transition metal dichalcogenides for future spintronics.
A Biomimetic Plasmonic Nanoreactor for Reliable Metabolite Detection
Authors: Liu Jiangang , Cai Chenlei , Wang Yuning , Liu Yu , Huang Lin , Tian Tongtong , Yao Yuanyuan , Wei Jia , Chen Ruoping , Zhang Kun , Liu Baohong , Qian Kun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReliable monitoring of metabolites in biofluids is critical for diagnosis, treatment, and long‐term management of various diseases. Although widely used, existing enzymatic metabolite assays face challenges in clinical practice primarily due to the susceptibility of enzyme activity to external conditions and the low sensitivity of sensing strategies. Inspired by the micro/nanoscale confined catalytic environment in living cells, the coencapsulation of oxidoreductase and metal nanoparticles within the nanopores of macroporous silica foams to fabricate all‐in‐one bio‐nanoreactors is reported herein for use in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based metabolic assays. The enhancement of catalytical activity and stability of enzyme against high temperatures, long‐time storage or proteolytic agents are demonstrated. The nanoreactors recognize and catalyze oxidation of the metabolite, and provide ratiometric SERS response in the presence of the enzymatic by‐product H2O2, enabling sensitive metabolite quantification in a “sample in and answer out” manner. The nanoreactor makes any oxidoreductase‐responsible metabolite a candidate for quantitative SERS sensing, as shown for glucose and lactate. Glucose levels of patients with bacterial infection are accurately analyzed with only 20 µL of cerebrospinal fluids, indicating the potential application of the nanoreactor in vitro clinical testing.
Sand topdressing and protective covers impact creeping bentgrass crown moisture during winter
Authors: Michael Darrell J. , Kreuser William C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWinter desiccation injury can severely impact golf courses in the northern and central Great Plains. While it is well‐established that turfgrass crown moisture content (CMC) declines during fall cold‐acclimation, little is known about CMC during winter desiccation stress and how management practices influence CMC during desiccation stress. The objectives of this study were to understand how protective covers, sand topdressing, and spray‐applied treatments impact creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) CMC and spring green‐up following winter desiccation stress in Nebraska. Spray‐applied treatments included a turf colorant, horticultural oil plus colorant, anti‐transpirant, and a fall applied soil wetting agent. Crown moisture content was measured monthly from December to March at Mead, NE and after winter in Axtell, NE. Visual turfgrass quality ratings were used to monitor survival and spring regrowth. Late‐fall sand topdressing and permeable and impermeable protective covers reduced winter desiccation injury compared to a non‐treated plot. Turfgrass CMC ranged from 0.251 to 0.764 g H2O g−1 fresh weight (FW) depending on treatment and location. Logistic regression indicated that turf plants with a CMC of 0.518 g H2O g−1 FW had a 50% probability of significant winter desiccation injury. Under severe desiccation pressure, the spray‐applied treatments did not prevent winter desiccation injury. Under these circumstances, a majority of plots receiving spray‐applied treatments had a March CMC of less than 0.500 g H2O g−1. Physical protection of turfgrass crowns with covers or sand topdressing in late fall sustained CMC during late‐winter and decreased the potential for winter desiccation injury the following spring.
Winter wheat nitrogen utilization under different mulching practices on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Chen Xiuwen , Zhao Hubing , Liu Jifei , Mao Anran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world, and mulching is mostly practiced in the semi‐arid region of Northwest China. We examined the effect of different mulching practices on soil N, plant N uptake, N use efficiency and yield of wheat with similar fertilizer rate. The experiment was conducted for 5 yr with four replicates. The five practices included: Control (CK), nitrogen fertilizer and no mulching (NM), nitrogen fertilizer plus plastic film mulching (PM), nitrogen fertilizer plus ridge mulching and furrow seeding (RM+FS), and nitrogen fertilizer plus straw mulching (SM). We found that yield and biomass of winter wheat were significantly affected by different mulching practices during the five growing seasons. Compared to the NM treatment, the PM, SM, and RM+FS treatments increased grain yield by 13, 9, and 4%, respectively, and biomass by 19, 13, and 10%, respectively. Compared to the NM, the RM+FS and PM treatments tended to decrease average grain, straw, and chaff N concentration, while straw mulching tended to increase average grain, straw, and chaff N concentration. Compared to the NM treatment, all mulching treatments consistently increased NUE, and straw mulching had the most significant effect. Nitrate‐N in the NM was most likely to leach into deep layers, followed by the SM and the lowest nitrate‐N leaching risk was in the two plastic film mulching treatments. The PM could increase winter wheat yield and decrease the risk of nitrate‐N leaching. Thus, PM performed better among the mulching practices.