bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highlights on the Binding of Cobalta‐Bis‐(Dicarbollide) with Glucose Units
Authors: Merhi Tania , Jonchère Alban , Girard Luc , Diat Olivier , Nuez Miquel , Viñas Clara , Bauduin Pierre 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetalla‐bis‐dicarbollides, such as the cobalta‐bis‐dicarbollide (COSAN) anion [Co(C2B9H11)2]−, have attracted much attention in biology but a deep understanding of their interactions with cell components is still missing. For this purpose, we studied the interactions of COSAN with the glucose moiety, which is ubiquitous at biological interfaces. Octyl‐glucopyranoside surfactant (C8G1) was chosen as a model as it self‐assembles in water and creates a hydrated glucose‐covered interface. At low COSAN content and below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of C8G1, COSAN binds to C8G1 monomers through the hydrophobic effect. Above the CMC of C8G1, COSAN adsorbs onto C8G1 micelles through the superchaotropic effect. At high COSAN concentrations, COSAN disrupts C8G1 micelles and the assemblies become similar to COSAN micelles but with a small amount of solubilized C8G1. Therefore, COSAN binds in a versatile way to C8G1 through either the hydrophobic or superchaotropic effect depending on their relative concentrations.
Ancillary Ligand Effects on Heteroleptic IrIII Dye in Dye‐Sensitized Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Photoaccumulation of Charges on Arylated Bipyridine Ligand and Its Control on Catalytic Performance
Authors: Jo Ju Hyoung , Choi Sunghan , Cheong Ha‐Yeon , Shin Jae Yoon , Kim Chul Hoon , Cho Dae Won , Son Ho‐Jin , Pac Chyongjin , Kang Sang Ook 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis, and photochemical and ‐physical properties, as well as the catalytic performance, of a series of heteroleptic IrIII photosensitizers (IrPSs), [Ir(C^N)2(N^NAryl)]+, possessing ancillary ligands that are varied with aryl‐substituents on bipyridyl unit [C^N=(2‐pyridyl)benzo[b]thiophen‐3‐yl (btp); N^NAryl=4,4′‐Y2‐bpy (Y=−Ph or −PhSi(Ph)3]. We found that the π‐extension of bipyridyl ligand by aryl‐substitution put bipyridyl ligand in use as an electron relay unit that performed charge accumulation before delivering to the catalytic center, greatly improving the overall CO2‐to‐CO conversion activities. In a typical run, the aryl‐substituted IrPS (tBuIrP‐PhSi)‐sensitized homogeneous systems (IrPS+ReI catalyst) gave a turnover number of 1340 (ΦCO=24.2 %) at the early stage of photolysis (<5 h). This study demonstrates that the π‐character modulation on the ancillary bipyridyl ligand is critical for forthcoming catalytic performance.
Mono‐ and Di‐Fucosylated Glycans of the Parasitic Worm S. mansoni are Recognized Differently by the Innate Immune Receptor DC‐SIGN
Authors: Srivastava Apoorva D. , Unione Luca , Wolfert Margreet A. , Valverde Pablo , Ardá Ana , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe parasitic worm, Schistosoma mansoni, expresses unusual fucosylated glycans in a stage‐dependent manner that can be recognized by the human innate immune receptor DC‐SIGN, thereby shaping host immune responses. We have developed a synthetic approach for mono‐ and bis‐fucosylated LacdiNAc (LDN‐F and LDN‐DF, respectively), which are epitopes expressed on glycolipids and glycoproteins of S. mansoni. It is based on the use of monosaccharide building blocks having carefully selected amino‐protecting groups, facilitating high yielding and stereoselective glycosylations. The molecular interaction between the synthetic glycans and DC‐SIGN was studied by NMR and molecular modeling, which demonstrated that the α1,3‐fucoside of LDN‐F can coordinate with the Ca2+‐ion of the canonical binding site of DC‐SIGN allowing for additional interactions with the underlying LDN backbone. The 1,2‐fucoside of LDN‐DF can be complexed in a similar manner, however, in this binding mode GlcNAc and GalNAc of the LDN backbone are placed away from the protein surface resulting in a substantially lower binding affinity. Glycan microarray binding studies showed that the avidity and selectivity of binding is greatly enhanced when the glycans are presented multivalently, and in this format Lex and LDN‐F gave strong responsiveness, whereas no binding was detected for LDN‐DF. The data indicates that S. mansoni has developed a strategy to avoid detection by DC‐SIGN in a stage‐dependent manner by the addition of a fucoside to a number of its ligands.
Engineering Boron Hot Spots for the Site‐Selective Installation of Iminoboronates on Peptide Chains
Authors: Russo Roberto , Padanha Rita , Fernandes Fábio , Veiros Luis F. , Corzana Francisco , Gois Pedro M. P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBoronic acids (BAs) are a promising bioconjugation function to design dynamic materials as they can establish reversible covalent bonds with oxygen/nitrogen nucleophiles that respond to different pH, ROS, carbohydrates and glutathione levels. However, the dynamic nature of these bonds also limits the control over the stability and site‐selectivity of the bioconjugation, which ultimately leads to heterogeneous conjugates with poor stability under physiological conditions. Here we disclose a new strategy to install BAs on peptide chains. In this study, a “boron hot spot“ based on the 3‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one scaffold was developed and upon installation on a peptide N‐terminal cysteine, enables the site‐selective formation of iminoboronates with 2‐formyl‐phenyl boronic acids (Ka of 58128±2 m−1). The reaction is selective in the presence of competing lysine ϵ‐amino groups, and the resulting iminoboronates, displayed improved stability in buffers solutions and a cleavable profile in the presence of glutathione. Once developed, the methodology was used to prepare cleavable fluorescent conjugates with a laminin fragment, which enabled the validation of the 67LR receptor as a target to deliver cargo to cancer HT29 cells.
Functionalization of N2 via Formal 1,3‐Haloboration of a Tungsten(0) σ‐Dinitrogen Complex
Authors: Rempel Anna , Mellerup Soren K. , Fantuzzi Felipe , Herzog Anselm , Deißenberger Andrea , Bertermann Rüdiger , Engels Bernd , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBoron tribromide and aryldihaloboranes were found to undergo 1,3‐haloboration across one W−N≡N moiety of a group 6 end‐on dinitrogen complex (i.e. trans‐[W(N2)2(dppe)2]). The N‐borylated products consist of a reduced diazenido unit sandwiched between a WII center and a trivalent boron substituent (W−N=N−BXAr), and have all been fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both the terminal N atom and boron center in the W−N=N−BXAr unit can be further derivatized using electrophiles and nucleophiles/Lewis bases, respectively. This mild reduction and functionalization of a weakly activated N2 ligand with boron halides is unprecedented, and hints at the possibility of generating value‐added nitrogen compounds directly from molecular dinitrogen.
The effect of Medicaid expansion among adults from low‐income communities on stage at diagnosis in those with screening‐amenable cancers
Authors: Kim Uriel , Koroukian Siran , Statler Abby , Rose Johnie 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundSeveral states have opted to expand Medicaid under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), which offers insurance coverage to low‐income individuals up to 138% of the federal poverty level. This expansion of Medicaid to a medically vulnerable population potentially can reduce cancer outcome disparities, especially among patients with screening‐amenable cancers. The objective of the current study was to estimate the effect of Medicaid expansion on the percentage of adults from low‐income communities with screening‐amenable cancers who present with metastatic disease.MethodsUsing state cancer registry data linked with block group–level income data, a total of 12,760 individuals aged 30 to 64 years who were diagnosed with incident invasive breast (female), cervical, colorectal, or lung cancer from 2011 through 2016 and who were uninsured or had Medicaid insurance at the time of diagnosis were identified. This sample was probability weighted based on income to reflect potential Medicaid eligibility under the ACA's Medicaid expansion. A multivariable logistic model then was fitted to examine the independent association between the exposure (pre‐expansion [years 2011‐2013] vs postexpansion [years 2014‐2016]) and the outcome (metastatic vs nonmetastatic disease at the time of diagnosis).ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, individuals who were diagnosed postexpansion were found to have 15% lower odds of having metastatic disease compared with those who were diagnosed pre‐expansion (adjusted odds ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.77‐0.93). As a control, a separate analysis that focused on individuals with private insurance who resided in high‐income communities found nonsignificant postexpansion (vs pre‐expansion) changes in the outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.96‐1.09).ConclusionsMedicaid expansion is associated with a narrowing of a critical cancer outcome disparity in adults from low‐income communities.
Towards multi‐modal data fusion for super‐resolution and denoising of 4D‐Flow MRI
Authors: Perez‐Raya Isaac , Fathi Mojtaba F. , Baghaie Ahmadreza , Sacho Raphael H. , Koch Kevin M. , D'Souza Roshan M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract4D‐Flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled in vivo time‐resolved measurement of three‐dimensional blood flow velocities in the human vascular system. However, its clinical use has been hampered by two main issues, namely, low spatio‐temporal resolution and acquisition noise. While patient‐specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can address the resolution and noise issues, its fidelity is impacted by accuracy of estimation of boundary conditions, model parameters, vascular geometry, and flow model assumptions. In this paper a scheme to address limitations of both modalities through data‐fusion is presented. The solutions of the patient‐specific CFD simulation are characterized using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Next, a process of projecting the 4D‐Flow MRI data onto the POD basis and projection coefficient mapping using generalized dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) enables simultaneous super‐resolution and denoising of 4D‐Flow MRI. The method has been tested using numerical phantoms derived from patient‐specific aneurysmal geometries and applied to in vivo 4D‐Flow MRI data.
A Randomized, Double‐Blind Study Comparing Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Proposed Biosimilar ABP 798 With Rituximab Reference Product in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Burmester Gerd , Chien David , Chow Vincent , Gessner Melissa , Pan Jean , Cohen Stanley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractABP 798 is a proposed biosimilar to rituximab reference product (RP), an anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety results from the comparative clinical study that evaluated the PK, PD, safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of ABP 798 versus rituximab RP are presented here. Subjects with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) received 2 doses of ABP 798, United States‐sourced RP (rituximab US) or European Union‐sourced RP (rituximab EU), each consisting of two 1000‐mg infusions 2 weeks apart. For the second dose (week 24), ABP 798‐ and rituximab EU‐treated subjects received the same treatment; rituximab US‐treated subjects transitioned to ABP 798. End points included area under the serum concentration‐time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity and maximum observed serum concentration following the second infusion of the first dose (PK) and percentage of subjects with complete CD19+ cell depletion days 1‐33 (PD). Primary analysis established PK similarity between ABP 798 and rituximab RP based on 90% confidence intervals of the adjusted geometric mean ratios being within a prespecified equivalence margin of 0.8 and 1.25. Complete CD19+ B‐cell depletion on day 3 among groups confirmed PD similarity. These findings demonstrated PK/PD similarity between ABP 798 and rituximab RP in subjects with moderate to severe RA.
Comprehensive analysis of 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine in zw10 kinetochore protein as a promising biomarker for screening and diagnosis of early colorectal cancer
Authors: Dang Yanqi , Hu Dan , Xu Jingjuan , Li Chunlin , Tang Yingjue , Yang Zhenhua , Liu Yang , Zhou Wenjun , Zhang Li , Xu Hanchen , Xu Yangxian , Ji Guang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs a new epigenetic biomarker, 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is broadly involved in various diseases including cancers. However, the function and diagnostic performance of 5hmC in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear.ResultsHigh‐throughput sequencing was used to profile 5hmC levels in adjacent normal colon, advanced adenomas, and CRC. The expression and 5hmC levels in zw10 kinetochore protein (ZW10) were significantly increased in the tissues and blood samples for patients with advanced adenoma and CRC, and were much higher in the early stages of CRC (I and II). The receiver operating characteristic analysis had potential diagnostic value for CRC. The area under the curve (AUC) of ZW10 5hmC levels in tissue samples of CRC was 0.901. In blood samples, the AUC was 0.748 for CRC. In addition, the ZW10 5hmC level had much higher diagnostic performance in early stages of CRC (AUC = 0.857) than it did in advanced stages (AUC = 0.594). Compared with FHC cell, ZW10 expression in HT29 cell was significantly increased. The ZW10 knockdown could inhibit cell proliferation and the ZW10 overexpression could promote cell proliferation in HT‐29 cell. Furthermore, ZW10 knockdown inhibited AKT and mTOR phosphorylation, and ZW10 overexpression promoted AKT and mTOR phosphorylation.ConclusionsThe ZW10 5hmC level may serve as an effective epigenetic biomarker for minimally invasive screening and diagnosis of CRC, and it has higher diagnostic performance in early stages of CRC than it does in advanced stages. In addition, ZW10 could regulate CRC progression through the AKT‐mTOR signaling.
The apparition macrophage and Döderlein bacillus is negatively correlated in class I Papanicolaou smear: A morphological examination
Authors: Ikegami Kikuo , Watanabe Gen , Kumagai Junko , Fujii Yutaka , Watanabe Hiroaki , Oite Takashi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNonspecific vaginitis, also known as Bacterial vaginosis, unlike genital candidiasis and trichomoniasis, is caused by microbiome breakdown. Döderlein’s bacillus are gram‐positive bacillus that form a microbiome, reproduce in the female vagina after gaining sexual maturity, secrete lactic acid, and prevent the growth of other vaginitis‐causing bacteria. Clue cell are squamous epithelial cells with Gardnerella sp. attached to their cell surface. The presence of clue cell is one of the diagnostic criteria for nonspecific vaginitis. Additionally, although macrophages are reported to protect against candidal vaginitis, there are no reports of studies examining the association between macrophages and clue cell.Materials and MethodsAfter re‐staining 300 class I specimens by cervical cancer screening with Papanicolaou staining, the appearance of Döderlein’s bacillus, macrophages, and clue cell was observed.ResultAge group and appearance of Döderlein’s bacillus were negatively correlated. The rate of appearance of macrophages was positively correlated with the age group. In people aged 50 years or more, the appearance rate of clue cells was significantly lower in the macrophage appearance group than that in the non‐appearance group.ConclusionThis study suggested that macrophages, and not Döderlein’s bacillus, may play an important role in defense against nonspecific vaginitis.
Comparison of commercial surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for the analysis of cocaine
Authors: Alder Rhiannon , Xiao Linda , Fu Shanlin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of illicit drugs across the world causes issues for users, healthcare workers and the public. Therefore, rapid and reliable onsite testing methods to detect these drugs are required. In this study, seven commercial surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates A–G were compared for the analysis of cocaine. These substrates were compared using scanning electron microscopy to study the surface structure and Raman spectroscopy and to determine if there was any enhancement of the cocaine bands. Substrate B provided the best enhancement of known cocaine vibrational bands, allowing the detection down to concentrations of 1 ng/mL in standards and 10 ng/mL extracted from the oral fluid. The results showed that SERS is an ideal method for future rapid onsite analysis of illicit drugs in oral fluid. Commercial SERS substrates were compared for the analysis of cocaine. Substrate B provided the best result and was further tested with lower concentrations and extracts from the oral fluid. The application to oral fluid testing could prove useful for future onsite analysis.
Hypermobile Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes: Complex phenotypes, challenging diagnoses, and poorly understood causes
Authors: Gensemer Cortney , Burks Randall , Kautz Steven , Judge Daniel P. , Lavallee Mark , Norris Russell A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of heritable, connective tissue disorders characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. There is phenotypic and genetic variation among the 13 subtypes. The initial genetic findings on EDS were related to alterations in fibrillar collagen, but the elucidation of the molecular basis of many of the subtypes revealed several genes not involved in collagen biosynthesis or structure. However, the genetic basis of the hypermobile type of EDS (hEDS) is still unknown. hEDS is the most common type of EDS and involves generalized joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal manifestations, and mild skin involvement along with the presence of several comorbid conditions. Variability in the spectrum and severity of symptoms and progression of patient phenotype likely depend on age, gender, lifestyle, and expression domains of the EDS genes during development and postnatal life. In this review, we summarize the current molecular, genetic, epidemiologic, and pathogenetic findings related to EDS with a focus on the hypermobile type.
Elevation and landscape change drive the distribution of a montane, endemic grassland bird
Authors: Lele Abhimanyu , Arasumani M. , Vishnudas C. K. , Joshi Viral , Jathanna Devcharan , Robin V. V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextTropical montane habitats support high biodiversity and are hotspots of endemism, with grasslands being integral components of many such landscapes. The montane grasslands of the Western Ghats have seen extensive land‐use change over anthropogenic timescales. The factors influencing the ability of grassland‐dependent species to persist in habitats experiencing loss and fragmentation, particularly in montane grasslands, are poorly known.ObjectivesWe studied the relationship between the Nilgiri pipit Anthus nilghiriensis, a threatened endemic bird that typifies these montane grasslands, and its habitat, across most of its global distribution. We examined what habitat features make remnant grasslands viable, which is necessary for their effective management.MethodsWe conducted 663 surveys in 170 sites and used both single‐season occupancy modeling and N‐mixture modeling to account for processes influencing detection, presence, and abundance.ResultsElevation had a positive influence on species presence, patch size had a moderate positive influence, and patch isolation had a moderate negative influence. Species abundance was positively influenced by elevation and characteristics related to habitat structure, and negatively influenced by the presence of invasive woody vegetation.ConclusionsThe strong effect of elevation on the highly range‐restricted Nilgiri pipit is likely to make it vulnerable to climate change. This highly range‐restricted species is locally extinct at several locations, and persists at low densities in remnants of its habitat left by recent fragmentation. Our findings indicate a need to control and reverse the spread of exotic woody invasives to preserve the grasslands themselves and the specialist species dependent upon them.
Detection of the endangered European weather loach (Misgurnus fossilis) via water and sediment samples: Testing multiple eDNA workflows
Authors: Kusanke Lena Maureen , Panteleit Jörn , Stoll Stefan , Korte Egbert , Sünger Eike , Schulz Ralf , Theissinger Kathrin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe European weather loach (Misgurnus fossilis) is classified as highly endangered in several countries of Central Europe. Populations ofM. fossilisare predominantly found in ditches with low water levels and thick sludge layers and are thus hard to detect using conventional fishing methods. Therefore, environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring appears particularly relevant for this species. In previous studies,M. fossiliswas surveyed following eDNA water sampling protocols, which were not optimized for this species. Therefore, we created two full factorial study designs to test six different eDNA workflows for sediment samples and twelve different workflows for water samples. We used qPCR to compare the threshold cycle (Ct) values of the different workflows, which indicate the target DNA amount in the sample, and spectrophotometry to quantify and compare the total DNA amount inside the samples. We analyzed 96 water samples and 48 sediment samples from a pond with a known population ofM. fossilis. We tested several method combinations for long‐term sample preservation, DNA capture, and DNA extraction. Additionally, we analyzed the DNA yield of samples from a ditch with a naturalM. fossilispopulation monthly over one year to determine the optimal sampling period. Our results showed that the long‐term water preservation method commonly used for eDNA surveys ofM. fossilisdid not lead to optimal DNA yields, and we present a valid long‐term sample preservation alternative. A cost‐efficient high salt DNA extraction led to the highest target DNA yields and can be used for sediment and water samples. Furthermore, we were able to show that in a natural habitat ofM. fossilis, total and target eDNA were higher between June and September, which implies that this period is favorable for eDNA sampling. Our results will help to improve the reliability of future eDNA surveys ofM. fossilis.