bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) 2D NC-FET, FE-FET and FeS-FET
Authors: Ye Peide D 
Published: May 2020

The so-called Boltzmann Tyranny defines the fundamental thermionic limit of the subthreshold slope (SS) of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) at 60 mV/dec at room temperature and, therefore, precludes the lowering of the supply voltage and the overall power consumption. Adding a ferroelectric dielectric as a negative capacitor to the gate stack of a MOSFET may offer a promising solution to bypassing this fundamental barrier. Meanwhile, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) due to their low dielectric constant, and ease of integration in a junctionless transistor topology, offer enhanced electrostatic control of the channel. In this talk, we will review the recent progress on negative capacitance field-effect transistors (NC-FET) and ferroelectric field-effect transistors (Fe-FET) using TMDs as the transistor channels. [1,2] More importantly, a new device concept, which we call as ferroelectric semiconductor field-effect transistor (FeS-FET), was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. [3] In this novel FeS-FET, a 2D ferroelectric semiconductor α-In2Se3 is used to replace conventional semiconductor as channel. α-In2Se3 is identified due to its proper bandgap, room temperature ferroelectricity, the ability to maintain ferroelectricity down to a few atomic layers and the feasibility for large-area growth.
[1] M. Si et al. Nature Nanotechnology 13, 24-28 (2018).
[2] M. Si et al. 2017 IEDM, pp. 573-576 (2017).
[3] M. Si et al. Nature Electronics 2, in press (2019).
Graphitic Nanoporous Carbon Thin Films: Fabrication Method, Structural, Electrical and Gas Sensor Properties
Authors: Slobodian O. M. , Gomeniuk Y. V. , Vasin A. V. , Rusavsky A. V. , Okholin P N , Gudymenko O. Yo. , Khyzhun Oleg Yu , Nikolenko A. , Lytvyn P. , Korchovyy A. , Yatskiv R. , Nazarova Tamara M. , Stepanov V. , Kisyl D. , Nazarov A. N. 
Published: May 2020

Carbon nanoporous thin films are very attractive for application in fields of supercapacitors, fuel cells, gas sensors and others. However due to it very high resistance an employment of this material for resistance gas sensor is problematic. At the same time graphene based materials are very sensitive to different gas ambient and have a resistivity suitable for testing. In this work the new method of formation of high porous graphite-like thin films by RF magnetron plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) from argon-methane/argon-acetylene gas mixture followed by annealing at 650ºC, is suggested. A comparative study of transformation of nanoporous carbon film produced in different carbon-hydrogen atmosphere into graphitic one, their structural and electrical properties are presented. The films of nanoporous carbon were fabricated on silicon or SiO2/Si wafers. To clarify chemical structure of the film FTIR spectroscopy and XPS were used. Micro-Raman spectroscopy and AFM were applied to determine of structure and surface morphology correspondingly. X-ray refraction (XRR) method allows us to determine a density and a thickness of the films. Four point probe method and transmittance line (TSL) technique were used for the analysis of electrical properties. Additionally, electrical conductivity at different temperature and frequency was examined by measurement of resistance between two nearest Ni contacts. The same contacts were used to estimate of the gas sensitivity.
It was shown that initial deposited films have mainly sp3 C-H bonds without appearance of silicon bonds. AFM demonstrates nanostructured surface morphology with size of the surface fluctuation about 3 nm; a density of the films is about 1.3 g/cm3 for both carbon films, that corresponds to nanoporous carbon; resistivity is about 108 Ohm×cm. After thermal annealing at 650°C for 30 min in N2 atmosphere the sp3 C-H bonds are disappeared, and C=C sp2 bonds are formed. Besides the resistivity the films synthesized in argon-methane gas mixture decreases to 104 Ohm×cm whereas the films synthesized in argon-acetylene gas mixture decreases their resistivity up to 102 Ohm×cm. The density of the C films synthesized in in argon-methane gas mixture reaches about 1.5 g/cm3 that corresponds to 34% of porosity, and material shows layered structure. The density of the C films synthesized in in argon-acetylene gas mixture falls to 1.01 g/cm3 that corresponds to 55% of porosity. Graphitized films synthesized in argon-methane gas mixture appears sensory sensitivity to moisture and ammonia whereas the films synthesized in argon-acetylene gas mixture show low sensitivity to these gases. The nature of the gas sensor resistor sensitivity is discussed.
Interface Chemistry and Charge Transfer Resistances at the Interface of the Nasicon Solid Electrolyte and Oxide Cathode System
Authors: Rahman Anisur , Yildiz Bilge 
Published: May 2020

The solid-state lithium-ion battery promises high energy density, safety, and stability over liquid electrolyte-based batteries. Their development and practical implications are mainly hindered due to high resistance at the interface between the ceramic cathode and solid-state electrolyte and lack of understanding of the interfacial chemistry at high temperature, which is required to improve the contact between them. The interface characterization and engineering the interface at the operando conditions is therefore extremely important for the realization of the practical solid-state battery. Despite the recent developments, identification of interfacial compounds at the operando conditions, at different sintering temperature and during charging and discharging, remains elusive due to challenges associated with the investigation of buried interfaces with nondestructive methods.
To address this challenge, we utilized thin film approach, deposited a thin layer of cathode material (LiCoO2 and LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2) on top of the solid electrolyte Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3, and the non-destructive X-ray scattering techniques including XANES, EXAFS, APXPS, and XRD to characterize the interface at the different sintering environment ( Air, O2, CO2, N2, and H2O vapor) and under applied bias. The crystal phase and crystallinity of the cathode material is found to be sensitive to the sintering environment and inter-diffusion of elements at the interface leads to secondary phase formations at the interface. The evolved secondary phases has been characterized by non-destructive X-ray scattering technique and the variation of the charge transfer resistances on the resulting cell could be attributed to the secondary phases of the interface.
We strongly believe the identification of the secondary phases and understand the degradation process at the operando conditions could guide the field to identify suitable process parameters to develop stable and efficient solid-state batteries with good electrochemical properties.
Si and Si@C Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Batteries Anodes: Electrode/Electrolyte Interface Evolution
Authors: Desues Antoine , Alper John P , Boismain Florent , Demers Hendrix , Veillette René , Clément Daniel , Zaghib Karim , De Vito Eric , Franger Sylvain , Trudeau Michel , Haon Cédric , Herlin Nathalie 
Published: May 2020

Due to increasing demand in energy storage, much attention has been paid to Si as an anode material in Li-Ion batteries because of its theoretical capacity (3579 mAh/g in the Li15Si4 alloy vs 372 mAh/g for graphitic carbon). However, silicon suffers from several drawbacks, including rapid pulverization and SEI ripening, limiting its use. Nanostructuration and protection of silicon with a carbon coating are proven methods to improve the behavior of silicon-based anodes [1]. Using the laser pyrolysis method, the synthesis of silicon-carbon core-shell nanoparticles was achieved in a continuous way, without intermediate manipulations between the synthesis of the core from silane precursor and the shell from ethylene [2].
The influence of the carbon coating on electrochemical performances was studied in coin cells in operando conditions by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as post mortem analysis of the anode by using (X-Ray Photon electron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM)). Special attention was paid to the first cycle because of its major importance in the formation and growth of the SEI and the long term behavior of the battery. By comparing measurements on Si and Si@C materials, EIS clearly demonstrates the beneficial effect of the carbon shell in the SEI stabilization. The stability of the the SEI resistance shows the protective effect of the the carbon shell while the SEI resistance is strongly modified and increases during lithiation. Such behavior can be related to the evolution of the chemical composition determined by XPS at different potentials during lithiation and delithiation.

Figure 1
A Comprehensive Comparison of the Phase Change Material-Based Internal and External Cooling Systems
Authors: Zhao Rui , Liu Jie , Ma Fai 
Published: May 2020

Being employed in a wide range of energy storage applications, such as solar energy storage systems and electric vehicles (EVs), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become an important link in the chain of clean energy harvest and delivery and have played a crucial role in low-carbon energy transitions. Thermal management is critical for maintaining the efficiency, safety, and longevity of LIBs due to the exothermic behavior and high temperature sensitivity of LIBs. A desirable thermal management system should be able to help sustain a desired operating temperature range and a small temperature gradient within batteries.
The heat accumulation effect in the center of cylindrical LIBs has been observed and experimentally studied by Shah et al. [1] and Zhang et al. [2]. The insufficient cooling at the battery center can cause temperature nonuniformity and lead to performance degradation of batteries in long-term operation. We have previously reported a phase change material (PCM)-based internal cooling system for alleviating the heat accumulation in 18650-type LIBs [3, 4]. In this presentation, the internal cooling system will be thoroughly compared with an external PCM-based cooling system in terms of their weight and volume added to the entire battery systems, their cooling effectiveness for single batteries of different sizes and radial thermal conductivities, and the necessity of increasing the thermal conductivity of PCM through adding additives.

References:

[1] K. Shah, C. Mckee, D. Chalise, and A. Jain, Energy, 113, 852-860 (2016).
[2] G. Zhang, L. Cao, S. Ge, C. Y. Wang, C. E., Shaffer, and C. D. Rahn, J. Electrochem. Soc., 161, 1499-1507 (2014).
[3] R. Zhao, J. Gu, and J. Liu, Int. J. Energy. Res., 42, 2728-2740 (2018).
[4] R. Zhao, J. Gu, and J. Liu, Energy, 135, 811-822 (2017).

Figure Caption:

Figure 1. Comparison of the measured and simulated temperature profiles of the a) internally and b) externally cooled single cell, where T1, T2, and T3 are the temperatures measured at the battery center, battery surface, and plastic case surface, respectively. The tests were performed in a wind tunnel under natural convection with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 20 W m-2 K-1.

Figure 1
Evaluation of Skin Cell Damage Under UV Exposure with FET Sensors
Authors: Wu Sung-Yu , Su Chao-Ming , Dong Guo-Chong , Chen Jung-Chih , Chen Po-Hsuan , Wang Shin-Li , Wu Chang-Run , Chiang Chen-Wei , Wang Yu-Lin 
Published: May 2020

The cell membrane potential can be reflected by the ionic gradient exchange. It has been shown in many cell detection systems to be involved in exploring cell functions. In this research, we have developed a rapid and highly selective array using Field-Effect-Transistor-based sensor to monitor the real time electrical signal change of cell membranes. High sensitivity, low cost, convenient to use and portability are the advantages of our sensor. There is a layer of gelatin immobilized on the sensing site, afterwards utilizing gelatin to capture cells.
Around the cell membranes surface is covered with many negative charges, and then the negative ones will attract the positive charges to form electrical-double layer (EDL). According to the charge enhancement, the capacitance generated by the cells will be changed as well as. The change of EDL will also induce a change in the overall capacitance of solution which implies that the gate voltage and drain current gain will also be changed.The current gain has been defined as the difference in absolute drain current before and after the applying the gate voltage.
One of the most incredible application of using this novel technology is to detect the cellular conditions. Of note, when the conditions of cells are not good, then the binding of cells and gelatin will be different from the normal ones. From the previous study, binding of cells will cause upward-trend electrical signal. On the other hand, we reasonably speculate there will be a downward-trend occurring during cells suffer from the damage. Many evidences suggest that UV light will directly change or destroy the cytoplasmically located factors, that’s why the biologically fatal dose of Ultraviolet radiation will be used in this experiment because we want to impose the serious damage on the cell membranes and alter the membrane potential of human keratinocyte cells in vitro.

Figure 1
Photonically Encoded Silicone Lenses For Smartphone-Based Microscopy And Imaging In Biology And Nanomedicine
Authors: Mariani Stefano , Robbiano Valentina , Iglio Rossella , La Mattina Antonino A. , Nadimi Pantea , Wang Joanna , Kim Byungji , Kumeria Tushar , Sailor M. J. , Barillaro Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

In this work [1], we describe the moldless preparation of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) lens embedding nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) optical components. Casting of uncured PDMS onto a PSi surface shapes a droplet
with contact angle easily controllable by tuning of the nanostructure features (i.e., thickness and porosity of PSi). Design of the PSi layer as an optical component (e.g., distributed Bragg reflector, rugate filter, resonant cavity) allows the preparation of lightweight, freestanding PDMS lenses (10 mg mass and 4.7 mm focal length) with embedded optical elements. The fabrication process of the PDMS lens shows high reliability (yield >95%), low-cost (0.01 $), and good flexibility for a wide range of applications. For instance, using a single monolithic lens/filter element self-adhered to a commercial smartphone camera, we demonstrate: the fluorescence imaging and counting of live/dead isolated human cancer cells with high magnification and rejection of the excitation light; the selection of a narrow wavelength band from a fluorescent emission; and the tuning of the color of a white light emitting diode (from red to blue) through shaping of the emission spectrum.
[1] S. Mariani et al., Adv. Funct. Mater.2019, 1906836
(Invited) Rational Design of Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn-Air Batteries
Authors: Sun Shuhui 
Published: May 2020

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have been considered as highly promising alternatives for the next-generation energy storage technologies due to their advantages of high energy density, low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the cornerstones of rechargeable ZABs. The exploration and of high-performance, durable and non-precious metal bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is highly desired for the large-scale application of rechargeable ZABs.
In this talk, I will introduce our recent progresses on the rational design of a series of high performance bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for ZABs. First, we developed various bimetallic and trimetallic nitrides-based nanostructures for high performance bifunctional ORR/OER catalyst in realistic rechargeable ZABs systems. The novel nanostructures exhibit excellent energy density and ultra-long cycling lifetime over 850 cycles (850 h) which are among the best ORR/OER catalysts reported so far. These novel catalysts demonstrate outstanding power density (326 mW cm-2) and excellent charging/discharging performance, far better than those of commercial Pt/C and Ru/Ir-based catalysts. We also employed the in situ XAFS to investigate the origins of the excellent structural stabilities of the bifunctional catalysts.
The utilization of bio-mass waste as valuable materials is of strategic importance to our future. We developed a simple and inexpensive metal-free catalyst by employing the bio-waste reed as the single precursor for both carbon and silicon. This reed waste derived Si-N-C metal-free catalyst exhibits better ORR activity and stability than the Pt/C in alkaline media. Moreover, this Si-N-C catalyst exhibits excellent performance as an air cathode for a Zn-air battery device. DFT calculation indicate that the coexistence of Si and N is essential for the high ORR activity. These new findings will not only open an avenue for the rational design of highly active ORR electrocatalysts, but also symbolize an exciting area for sustainable and low-cost materials for advanced clean energy.
References
1. Wu, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al. Nano Energy 2019, 61, 86.
2. Wu, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al. Energy Storage Materials, 2019, j.ensm.2019.08.009.
3. Wu, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al. Energy Storage Materials, 2019, 21, 253.
4. Yu, Q. Wei, S. Sun, et al. Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 396, 754.
5. Wu, Q. Wei, S. Sun, et al. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 1801836.
6. Wei, Y. Fu, G. Zhang, S. Sun. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2017, 4, 45.
7. Qiu, J. Gao, S. Sun, et al. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 118431.
8. Wei, M. Cherif, S. Sun, et al. Nano Energy, 2019, 62, 700.
9. Wei, G. Zhang, S. Sun, et al. J. Mater. Chem. A
, 2018, 6, 4605.[Cover Page]

Figure 1
Novel Data Science Driven Chemical and Biological Agent Sensors: Towards Better Discrimination in Complex Environments
Authors: Uzarski Joshua R , Wiederoder Michael S , Luckhardt Clark , Weiss Matthew L. , Paffenroth Randy , Su Ruitao , McAlpine Michael C. 
Published: May 2020

Chemical and biological agents remain a persistent threat to both Warfighters and civilian personnel in both combat and non-combat environments. While many useful detection technologies exist to provide early warning, many of them suffer from similar drawbacks. Most common are unacceptable false positive response rates and inability to discriminate target analytes in complex or obscurant-laden environments. A typical approach to this problem is to develop material solutions for more specific and sensitive sensors. While useful, these solutions are often too expensive, not practical, or non-deployable. Our approach fuses both material and data science to extend the power of multiplexed sensor arrays towards more accurate and faster detection and discrimination.
This presentation will discuss our approach towards both vapor and liquid analytes using two different multiplex array systems. For vapor phase detection, sorptive and conductive graphene-based nanocomposite films are used for semi-selective affinity towards chemical agent simulants in binary mixtures with common obscurants. For the liquid phase, graphene arrays functionalized with antimicrobial peptides are encapsulated with a 3D printed self-supporting microfluidic cell, creating a multiplexed sensing platform for electrochemical detection towards the discrimination of bacterial species and strains. For both systems, response data are pre-processed using a novel algorithm called the Autoencoder Kalman Filter and the entire response dataset is used to train neural networks for analyte discrimination. Robust machine learning is enabled via response curve simulations, providing more accurate response training. Ultimately, both more accurate and faster responses are provided, leading to much lower false positive rates and quicker decision times. Using our approach, we first show that the chemical agent vapor simulant, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) can be identified from a mixture with JP8/kerosene, a common battle field contaminant. Next, we show that bacteria samples of the same species but different strains can be identified in complex media.
(Invited) Chimeric and Single-Site Mutant Enzymes for the Design of Nanostructured Bioelectrodes in Enzymatic Fuel Cells and Sensors
Authors: Le Goff Alan 
Published: May 2020

Control over redox enzyme immobilization and electrical interfacing at electrode is a major challenge when building an electrode for enzymatic sensor or fuel cell. An adequate environment has to be created in order to maximize the number of active enzymes and minimize electron transfer distances between enzyme active sites and conductive surfaces or redox partners. In this respect, the production of specific mutants is a powerful way to introduce a level of control over orientation and organization of redox enzymes at the electrode. In addition, the combination of these enzymes with nanomaterials is aimed at maximizing the number of wired enzymes per surface unit while also providing rapid electron transfer pathways and enhancing electrocatalytic current densities.1 A chimeric protein can be designed by combining a prion domain and a small iron-sulfur redox protein such as rubredoxin.2 Thanks to the ability of the prion domain to self-assemble in amyloid fibers, protein-only redox nanowires can be produced. These protein nanowires are able to entrap redox enzymes such as multicopper enzymes or [NiFe] hydrogenases, while ensuring interprotein electron transport between enzyme active sites and electrode surface.2,3 Chimeric laccases was also designed by combining this multicopper enzyme with a hydrophobin domain. In this case, hydrophobin strongly interacts with the pi-extended network of chemically-exfoliated graphene or carbon nanotubes. These biofunctionalized nanomaterials were used in electrochemical sensors for polyaromatic and phenolic compounds.4 Single-site mutation at the surface of enzymes is also a powerful means to control the immobilization and orientation of enzymes at the surface of nanostructured electrodes. We have especially investigated the covalent and non-covalent functionalization of single-site mutant laccases for the rational immobilization and direct wiring of the enzymes at the surface of carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles. 5 These nanomaterials are able to provide novel self-assembled nanostructured redox bioassembly or favor heterogeneous electron transfer to the enzyme by promoting specific orientations.
1 A. Le Goff and M. Holzinger, Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2018, 2, 2555–2566.
2 L. Altamura, C. Horvath, S. Rengaraj, A. Rongier, K. Elouarzaki, C. Gondran, A. L. B. Maçon, C. Vendrely, V. Bouchiat, M. Fontecave, D. Mariolle, P. Rannou, A. Le Goff, N. Duraffourg, M. Holzinger and V. Forge, Nat Chem, 2017, 9, 157–163.
3 S. Rengaraj, R. Haddad, E. Lojou, N. Duraffourg, M. Holzinger, A. Le Goff and V. Forge, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2017, 56, 7774–7778.
4 I. Sorrentino, I. Stanzione, Y. Nedellec, A. Piscitelli, P. Giardina and A. Le Goff, submitted.
5 N. Lalaoui, P. Rousselot-Pailley, V. Robert, Y. Mekmouche, R. Villalonga, M. Holzinger, S. Cosnier, T. Tron and A. Le Goff, ACS Catal., 2016, 6, 1894–1900.