bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of iodine concentrations in the human placenta
Authors: Neven Kristof Y. , Marien Cédric B. D. , Janssen Bram G. , Roels Harry A. , Waegeneers Nadia , Nawrot Tim S. , Ruttens Ann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIodine is an essential trace element, necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, which play a key role in optimal foetal growth and (neuro-) development. To date, iodine deficiency remains a health burden in many countries. We investigated the variability of placental iodine concentrations within and between individuals. We used 20 mother-neonate pairs from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, took samples at three standardized locations of the placentas, pooled and digested them, and determined the iodine concentrations using an ICP-MS method as an alternative for the Sandell-Kolthoff method. The variability between and within the three sample regions was calculated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) from the variance components of mixed models. With the Friedman test, the differences between placental biopsies were assessed. The ICC showed a higher between-placenta (68.6%) than within-placenta (31.4%) variability. Subsequently, we used our optimized method to determine iodine concentrations in 498 mother-neonate pairs, which averaged 26.1 μg/kg. For 96 mothers, the urinary iodine concentrations were also determined, which showed no correlation with the placental iodine storage, as was expected. Future studies are necessary to explore the effects of these placental iodine concentrations in relation to health outcomes of mother and child at birth and later in life.
Melanin formation in barley grain occurs within plastids of pericarp and husk cells
Authors: Shoeva Olesya Yu. , Mursalimov Sergey R. , Gracheva Natalya V. , Glagoleva Anastasiya Yu. , Börner Andreas , Khlestkina Elena K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMelanins are a class of darkly pigmented biopolymers which are widely distributed among living organisms. The molecular and cellular mechanisms adopted by bacteria, fungi and animals to synthesize melanin, have been well described, but less is known regarding their production in plants. Here, a pair of barley near isogenic lines, bred to differ with respect to the pigmentation of the spike, was compared in order to understand the tissue and cellular location of melanin deposition. The melanic nature of the pigments purified from black spikes was confirmed by a series of solubility tests and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. An analysis of grains harvested at various stages of their development revealed that intracellular pigmented structures first appeared in the pericarp and the husk of black spike plants at early dough stage. The co-localization of these structures with red autofluorescence suggested that they form in chloroplast-derived plastids, here designated “melanoplasts”. Differences in dynamics of plastid internal structure during grain ripening were detected between the lines by transmission electron microscopy. Both lines accumulated plastoglobuli inside plastids, which persisted in black grain pericarp tissue up to the hard dough stage, while neither plastoglobuli nor any plastids were observed in grain of the control line at this stage. The role of plastoglobuli in melanin synthesis is discussed.
Noninvasive rapid detection of metabolic adaptation in activated human T lymphocytes by hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance
Authors: Can Emine , Mishkovsky Mor , Yoshihara Hikari A. I. , Kunz Nicolas , Couturier Dominique-Laurent , Petrausch Ulf , Doucey Marie-Agnès , Comment Arnaud 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe metabolic shift induced in human CD4+T lymphocytes by stimulation is characterized by an upregulation of glycolysis, leading to an augmentation in lactate production. This adaptation has already been highlighted with various techniques and reported in several previous studies. We herein propose a method to rapidly and noninvasively detect the associated increase in flux from pyruvate to lactate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase using hyperpolarized13C magnetic resonance, a technique which can be used forin vivoimaging. It was shown that the conversion of hyperpolarized13C-pyruvate to13C-lactate during the one-minute measurement increased by a mean factor of 3.6 in T cells stimulated for 5 days as compared to resting T cells. This method can be extended to other metabolic substrates and is therefore a powerful tool to noninvasively analyze T cell metabolism, possiblyin vivo.
Local Ancestry Inference in Large Pedigrees
Authors: Wang Heming , Sofer Tamar , Zhang Xiang , Elston Robert C. , Redline Susan , Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLocal ancestry, defined as the genetic ancestry at a genomic location of an admixed individual, is widely used as a genetic marker in genetic association and evolutionary genetics studies. Many methods have been developed to infer the local ancestries in a set of unrelated individuals, a few of them have been extended to small nuclear families, but none can be applied to large (e.g. three-generation) pedigrees. In this study, we developed a method, FamANC, that can improve the accuracy of local ancestry inference in large pedigrees by: (1) using an existing algorithm to infer local ancestries for all individuals in a family, assuming (contrary to fact) they are unrelated, and (2) improving its accuracy by correcting inference errors using pedigree structure. Applied on African-American pedigrees from the Cleveland Family Study, FamANC was able to correct all identified Mendelian errors and most of double crossovers.
Field‐circuit simulation of electromagnetic interference and optimisation design in vehicle navigation system
Authors: Yang Hui , Xiao Xia , Song Hang 
Published: January 2020

With the rapid development of the vehicle navigation system (VNS), the functions of VNS are improved, while the design becomes very complicated. The conventional field‐circuit simulation method is not precise enough to evaluate the VNS design. It is difficult to ensure that the electromagnetic compatibility index of VNS meets the GMW 3097 standard, resulting in electromagnetic interference (EMI) testing in an absorber lined shielded enclosure (ALSE). If the VNS does not comply with the GMW 3097 standard, it needs to be debugged repeatedly in the expensive ALSE. Therefore, a more accurate simulation method is highly desired, which can be used for improving the designed system to avoid using the expensive ALSE solution. In this study, an advanced field‐circuit simulation method utilising actual parameters of the working printed circuit board is proposed to improve the simulation accuracy. The system is debugged by the proposed simulation method. Meanwhile, the optimisation method is proposed to enhance the EMI performance. Finally, by suppressing noise on the transmission path, the emission level of the VNS at 1.6 GHz is reduced from 5.9 dBμV to below−4 dBμV, which is ∼8 dBμV lower than the GMW 3097 standard.
The Ukraine and EU trade balance: prediction via various models of time series
Authors: Matskul Valerii , Okara Diana , Podvalna Nataliia 
Published: January 2020

This article is the first to study, simulate and forecast the monthly dynamics of the trade balance between Ukraine and the European Union for the period from 2005 to 2019. In the presented work, three types of models were used for modeling and forecasting: Automated Neural Networks, additive models ARIMA *ARIMAS (Autoregressive integrated moving average with season component) and Holts model with a damped trend.
When modeling using the Automated Neural Networks module, various ensembles of networks and neuron activation functions in hidden layers were used. It turned out that Automated Neural Networks have poor prognostic ability (as in the case considered by us, when modeling insufficiently long series of dynamics). Therefore, when modeling and forecasting the dynamics of the Ukraine-EU trade balance, classical (so-called Box-Jenkins) time series models were used. In this case, the time series is divided into several components (in our case, terms): the main trend is the trend, the seasonal component and the random component (the so-called white noise). By smoothing the initial series, a trend was found, and an analysis of the autocorrelation functions revealed a one-year seasonality. Eliminating the trend and the seasonal component, we obtained a random component, which has a Gaussian distribution. This made it possible to apply first the ARIMA* ARIMAS additive model, and then the Holt model of exponential smoothing with a damped trend. Adequate models of Ukraine-EU trade balance dynamics have been obtained, according to which the forecast has been made. A comparative analysis of the models used. The best model was chosen for forecasting, which allowed to get a good forecast (in comparison with actual data).
Urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG) as a marker for alcohol consumption in liver transplant candidates: a real-world cohort
Authors: Vollmar Johanna , Stern Franziska , Lackner Karl , Mildenberger Philipp , Greif-Higer Gertrud , Mittler Jens , Darstein Felix , Foerster Friedrich , Grimm Daniel , Marquardt Jens Uwe , Schattenberg Joern , Woerns Marcus Alexander , Lang Hauke , Galle Peter Robert , Zimmermann Tim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background In order to reduce alcohol relapse after liver transplantation (LT), the German national guidelines for waiting-list maintenance and organ allocation demand a minimum 6-month period of alcohol abstinence pre-LT, confirmed by measuring urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG).
Methods Between January 2015 and June 2016, uEtG was measured at least once in 339 cirrhotic patients with an indication for LT at the University Medical Center Mainz. uEtG was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening test (cutoff value: 500 µg/L). For uEtG values ≥ 500 µg/L, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed as a confirmatory assay. Data were collected prospectively in a transplant database.
Results Of the 339 potential liver transplant candidates, uEtG was negative in 86.4 %. Most patients were male (64.3 %), with an average age of 56.42 ± 10.1 years. In the multivariate analysis, mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.001), urinary creatinine (p = 0.001), gamma-glutamyl transferase (p = 0.001), and hemoglobin (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with a positive uEtG test result. The sensitivity of the ELISA screening test was 100 % for uEtG values > 2000 µg/L, as confirmed by LC-MS/MS.
Conclusion uEtG is an effective parameter to reveal alcohol consumption by patients on the waiting list for LT. The sensitivity of the ELISA is excellent for uEtG values > 2000 µg/L, for which LC-MS/MS confirmation could be omitted.
Die Bedeutung der „Big Five“-Persönlichkeitsmerkmale für die subjektive Gesundheit und Lebenszufriedenheit im Jugendalter: Ergebnisse des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS)
Authors: Heilmann Kristina , Hinrichs Richard , Herke Max , Richter Matthias , Rathmann Katharina 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Studie untersucht erstmals die Assoziation zwischen den „Big Five“-Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen und der selbstberichteten Gesundheit sowie der Lebenszufriedenheit Heranwachsender in Deutschland.
Methodik Datenbasis bildet das Nationale Bildungspanel (NEPS), Startkohorte 3 (Welle 3, 2012). Die Stichprobe umfasst (n=5440) Heranwachsende der siebten Klassen in Regelschulen. Als Persönlichkeitsmerkmale werden die „Big Five“ (BFI-10) herangezogen: Extraversion, Verträglichkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Neurotizismus und Offenheit. Die statistische Analyse erfolgt bivariat und in binär-logistischen Mehrebenenmodellen unter Berücksichtigung der Clusterung der Heranwachsenden in Schulklassen und Schulen.
Ergebnisse Heranwachsende mit ausgeprägtem Neurotizismus haben ein höheres Risiko einer schlechten Gesundheitseinschätzung (OR: 1,33) sowie niedrigen Lebenszufriedenheit (OR: 1,46). Hingegen weisen Heranwachsende mit hohen Werten in Gewissenhaftigkeit ein verringertes Risiko einer schlechten Gesundheitseinschätzung (OR: 0,72) und geringen Lebenszufriedenheit (OR: 0,59) auf. Hohe Werte in Extraversion (OR: 0,78) und Verträglichkeit (OR: 0,72) sind ebenfalls mit einer höheren Lebenszufriedenheit, nicht jedoch mit einer besseren Gesundheit assoziiert. Das Merkmal Offenheit steht weder mit der selbstberichteten Gesundheit noch mit der Lebenszufriedenheit von Heranwachsenden in Zusammenhang.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass bestimmte Persönlichkeitsmerkmale wichtige Indikatoren sowohl für die Gesundheit als auch die Lebenszufriedenheit von Heranwachsenden im frühen Jugendalter darstellen können. Es bedarf jedoch weiterer Studien, die die Zusammenhänge und ihre Verallgemeinerbarkeit auf andere Altersgruppen prüfen. Der Rolle von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen für die Gesundheit und die Lebenszufriedenheit Heranwachsender wurde in Deutschland bislang nur wenig Beachtung geschenkt und sollte in zukünftigen Analysen Berücksichtigung finden.
Validated HPLC Method for Quantification of a Novel Trk Inhibitor, Larotrectinib in Mice Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Tripathy Harsha K. , Nair Manju S.V. , Zakkula Ashok , Bestha Ram Murthi , Dittakavi Sreekanth , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarotrectinib, is an orally active novel small molecule approved for the treatment of solid tumors in pediatrics and adult patients. It acts by inhibiting tropomyosin receptor kinase. In this paper, we report the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitation of larotrectinib in mice plasma as per the FDA regulatory guideline. Plasma samples processing was accomplished through simple protein precipitation using acetonitrile enriched with internal standard (IS, enasidenib). The chromatographic analysis was performed using a gradient mobile phase comprising 10 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile at a flow-rate of 0.8 mL/min on an X-Terra Phenyl column. The UV detection wave length was set at λmax 262 nm. Larotrectinib and the IS eluted at 3.85 and 6.60 min, respectively with a total run time of 8.0 min. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 0.20–5.00 μg/mL (r2=≥0.992). The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. Results of stability studies indicated that larotrectinib was stable on bench-top, in auto-sampler, up to three freeze/thaw cycles and long-term storage at −80°C. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
Monozentrische Erfahrungen mit stereotaktischer Bestrahlung (SBRT) beim fortgeschrittenen hepatozellulären Karzinom im Stadium BCLC-C
Authors: Czauderna Carolin , Stockinger Marcus , Ebersberger Anne , Schmidberger Heinz , Müller Lukas , Kloeckner Roman , Düber Christoph , Weinmann Arndt , Galle Peter R. , Marquardt Jens U. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungHepatozelluläre Karzinome (HCC) sind durch eine schlechte Prognose und limitierte Behandlungsoptionen in fortgeschrittenen Stadien gekennzeichnet. Die Behandlung erfordert daher interdisziplinäre Diskussion und multimodale Therapiekonzepte. Neben etablierten lokoregionalen sowie systemischen Therapieansätzen gewinnt die stereotaktische Bestrahlung (SBRT, stereotactic body radiation therapy) zunehmend an Bedeutung. Ergebnisse früher klinischer Studien weisen auf hohe lokale Kontrollraten bei einem akzeptablen Toxizitätsprofil hin. In der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreiben wir die monozentrischen Erfahrungen zur SBRT bei fortgeschrittener HCC-Erkrankung (BCLC-C) in einem universitären Tumorzentrum.Insgesamt zehn Patienten mit insgesamt 16 SBRT Behandlungen wurden in die Fallsammlung aufgenommen und retrospektiv ausgewertet. Alle Patienten wiesen ein fortgeschrittenes Stadium mit vaskulärer Invasion und/oder Metastasen unter erhaltener Leberfunktion auf. Zwei Patienten wurden ausschließlich mittels SBRT, zwei nach TACE und sechs Patienten zusätzlich mit einer Systemtherapie behandelt. Bestrahlt wurden in den meisten Fällen intrahepatische Herde (n = 7), darüber hinaus Tumorthrombosen und Lymphknoten- sowie Knochenmetastasen. Bestrahlt wurde in einer, drei und fünf Fraktionen zu Gesamtdosen von durchschnittlich 38 Gy. Wir beobachteten ein gutes Ansprechen der bestrahlten Läsionen (73 % nach drei Monaten; 66 % nach sechs Monaten) bei insgesamt guter Verträglichkeit der SBRT. Auch in der Kombination mit lokoregionalen Verfahren bzw. Systemtherapien kam es zu keinen schwerwiegenden Komplikationen.Zusammenfassend stützen unsere Erfahrungen die Ergebnisse der frühen klinischen Studien und deuten auf eine sichere Anwendung der SBRT mit einer guten lokalen Kontrolle auch bei fortgeschrittener HCC-Erkrankung mit erhaltener Leberfunktion hin.
Diagnostic performance of different cholangioscopes in patients with biliary strictures: a systematic review
Authors: Kulpatcharapong Santi , Pittayanon Rapat , J. Kerr Stephen , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Cholangioscopy provides direct intraductual imaging, which can enhance diagnostic efficacy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with biliary strictures. This study aimed to review the diagnostic yield of different cholangioscopes for the diagnosis of malignant biliary stricture (MBS).
Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed. Full papers of prospective studies using any type of peroral cholangioscope (POC) were included without language restriction. The primary outcomes were sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of various POCs to diagnose MBS.
Results Data from 20 published articles, involving 1141 patients, were extracted. Overall sensitivities of POCs for diagnosing MBS were higher for the diagnosis made under visual impression compared with those from cholangioscopy-guided biopsy (67 % – 100 % vs. 38 % – 100 %), whereas the overall specificities were generally high and comparable (73 % – 100 % vs. 75 % – 100 %). Newer video cholangioscopes (digital single-operator POC [digital SOC], direct POC) with the exception of video dual-operator mother – baby POC (video DOC), provided better sensitivity of cholangioscopy-guided biopsy compared with fiberoptic scopes (digital SOC 80 % – 85 %, direct POC 80 % – 100 %, video DOC 38 % – 100 %, and fiberoptic SOC 49 % – 100 %, respectively). Among these video cholangioscopes, the digital SOC provided the highest technical success rate, at 100 %.
Conclusions POCs enhanced the diagnostic yield for diagnosis of MBS. Compared with fiberoptic POCs that only provide good image impression, the digital SOC and direct POC were good at both image impression and cholangioscopy-guided biopsy to diagnose MBS. To ensure high technical success for MBS diagnosis, the digital SOC is a good option.
Peripheral Nerve Schwannomas: A Literature Review
Authors: Magalhães Marcelo José Silva , Pereira Douglas Vitor Maia , Oliva Henrique Nunes Pereira , Durães Dayane Tabatha Santos , Caiado Fernanda Leal , Araújo Grazielle Mendes , Freitas Junior Enilton Teixeira 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from the cells, which wrap around axons that are usually encapsulated and solitary. These tumors usually lead to little or no symptomatology. They are usually the most common peripheral nerve tumors in adults, with their highest incidence between the third and fifth decades of life.
Objective To perform a review about schwannoma of the peripheral nerves, presenting its definition, epidemiology, diagnosis, symptomatology and treatment.
Methodology This is a descriptive work, based on a review of articles available in the PubMed database with the descriptors schwannoma and peripheral nerves.
Results and Discussion Only papers published between 1981 and 2019, describing studies in humans, and that were available as full articles were selected. A total of 391 articles were included; after reading the titles, we noted that 67 articles fit the topic of the present study. Among the articles selected for reading, 33 fit the objectives of the present work, and were considered for the writing of the present article.
Conclusion Schwannomas are benign myelin sheath tumors that develop with local symptomatology or asymptomatic and present a good surgical prognosis with generally reduced rates of surgical complications.
Pediatric Shock: An Uncommon and Underrecognized Etiology
Authors: Derespina Kim R. , Kaushik Shubhi , Medar Shivanand S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractKawasaki disease, also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a well-known disease entity. Kawasaki shock syndrome (KSS), on the other hand, is less well recognized and has been reported in small single-center international studies and case reports. We report a case in the United States of an 11-year-old male with multiorgan failure and shock, presumed to be secondary to toxic shock but later diagnosed with KSS, an underrecognized entity in the US and review the literature. KSS should be considered in a critically ill child with unexplained shock.
Influence of Stipa ichu on the thermal and mechanical properties of adobe as a biocomposite material
Authors: Piñas J M , Lira L , Horn M , Solis J L , Gómez M M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A millenary building material that has been used in many cultures is “adobe”. In the Peruvian Andean regions during the winter, the temperature decreases drastically (+5 to -15°C), affecting the health of people of vulnerable age, agriculture and bovine livestock. Bioclimatic techniques must be considered to provide a comfortable thermal environment in the interior of housing. Furthermore, knowing the thermal conductivity of the elements that compose the houses allows us to perform thermal exchange simulations before construction is developed. Specifically, in this investigation, the thermal conductivity of adobe with and without Stipa ichu was measured as 0.371 W/m K and 0.349 W/m K, respectively, considering the norm ASTM C177 for that purpose. The mechanical behavior is as important as the thermal properties, and a value of 2.41 N/mm2 was obtained for unit compression. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mages of adobe samples were evaluated to investigate the internal composition, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the type of clay present. According to these results, our adobe has favorable thermal and mechanical performance.
Tribological properties and wear resistance of the metal deposited by chromium flux-cored wire with carbide-boride alloying
Authors: Eremin E N , Losev A S , Borodikhin S A , Ponomarev I A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The wear resistance and the tribotechnical properties of chromium steel of the Fe-C-Cr-B system deposited by flux-cored wire with boron carbide alloyed were investigated. It is shown that this steel has high wear resistance. The average values of the mass wear of the deposited metal is 0.0028 g/m, and the linear values are 0.00723 mm/m. The average value of the friction moment was 21.82 N·m, and the coefficient of friction was 0.412. The hardness of such a metal reaches a maximum value of 58 HRC. The microhardness of structural objects for the matrix is 499-603 HV, for hardening phases is 859-924 HV. The metal structure is a martensitic matrix with a large number of reinforcing phases, formed on the basis of type carboboride (Cr, Fe)7(CB)3. It is shown that the mechanism of metal wear is associated with its high hardness due to the dispersed hardening by particles of compounds, which are effective obstacles to dislocation slip under conditions of plastic deformation of the surface during wear and a decrease in the role of the abrasive component of wear.