bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture inside: Scale, intimacy, and chronotopic stance in situated narratives
Authors: Pritzker Sonya E. , Perrino Sabina 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on what we define asscalar intimacyin the stories people tell about their embodied experience as sociohistorical beings. Our analysis, based on ethnographic studies in Northern Italy (Perrino) and Beijing, China (Pritzker), examines the ways in which speech participants draw upon various discursive strategies to ‘zoom in’ and ‘pan out’ of both time and space, placing themselves and their activities in relation to various people, ideologies, and practices. Scalar intimacy, we argue, provides a novel framework for understanding the multiple ways in which people use language to scale their embodied experience in relation to culturally situated ideas and forms. Scalar intimacy thus extends the study of scales and fractal recursivity in linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics. It also contributes to scholarship focusing on how culturally situated meanings are reproduced and challenged over time through specific interactions. (China, chronotope, identity, intimacy, narrative, Northern Italy, scales)*
Deconstructing violence in acutely exacerbating psychotic patients
Authors: Nichtová Andrea , Volavka Jan , Vevera Jan , Příhodová Kateřina , Juríčková Veronika , Klemsová Anna , Páv Marek , Strunzová Věra , Příhodová Tereza , Nocárová Marcela , Papoušková Eva , Žižka Petr , Kališová Lucie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the proximate causes of psychotic patients’ aggression upon the admission to the psychiatric wards of a university and two state hospitals.MethodsThe authors used a semistructured interview to elicit proximate causes of assaults from the assailants and victims. The treating psychiatrists and nurses provided additional information. Based on this interview, aggressive episodes were categorized as psychotic, impulsive and planned.ResultsA total of 820 assaults committed by 289 newly admitted violent psychotic inpatients were evaluated. The interview ratings indicated that 76.71% of the assaults were directly driven by psychotic symptoms and 22.32% of all attacks were labeled as impulsive. Only 0.98% of assaults were categorized as planned.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that assaultive behavior among recently admitted acute psychiatric inpatients with untreated or undertreated psychosis is primarily driven by psychotic symptoms and disordered impulse control. Because each type of assault requires a different management, identifying the type of assault is crucial in determining treatment interventions.
Weed-sensing technology modifies fallow control of rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea)
Authors: Fischer Jacob W. , Thorne Mark E. , Lyon Drew J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRush skeletonweed is an aggressive perennial weed that establishes itself on land in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and persists during cropping following contract expiration. It depletes critical soil moisture required for yield potential of winter wheat. In a winter wheat/fallow cropping system, weed control is maintained with glyphosate and tillage during conventional fallow, and with herbicides only in no-till fallow. Research was conducted for control of rush skeletonweed at two sites in eastern Washington, Lacrosse and Hay, to compare the effectiveness of a weed-sensing sprayer and broadcast applications of four herbicides (aminopyralid, chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron, clopyralid, and glyphosate). Experimental design was a split-plot with herbicide and application type as main and subplot factors, respectively. Herbicides were applied in the fall at either broadcast or spot-spraying rates depending on sprayer type. Rush skeletonweed density in May was reduced with use of aminopyralid (1.1 plants m−2), glyphosate (1.4 plants m−2), clopyralid (1.7 plants m−2), and chlorsulfuron + metsulfuron (1.8 plants m−2) compared with the nontreated check (2.6 plants m−2). No treatment differences were observed after May 2019. There was no interaction between herbicide and application system. Area covered using the weed-sensing sprayer was, on average, 52% (P < 0.001) less than the broadcast application at the Lacrosse location but only 20% (P = 0.01) at the Hay location. Spray reduction is dependent on foliar cover in relation to weed density and size. At Lacrosse, the weed-sensing sprayer reduced costs for all herbicide treatments except aminopyralid, with savings up to US$6.80 per hectare. At Hay, the weed-sensing sprayer resulted in economic loss for all products because of higher rush skeletonweed density. The weed-sensing sprayer is a viable fallow weed control tool when weed densities are low or patchy.
Decomposing Temperature Extremes Errors in CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models
Authors: Di Luca Alejandro , Pitman Andrew J. , de Elía Ramón 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe quantify the skill of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and CMIP6 models to represent daily temperature extremes. We find CMIP models systematically exaggerate the magnitude of daily temperature anomalies for both cold and hot extremes. We assess the contribution to a daily temperature extreme from four terms: the long‐term mean annual cycle, the diurnal cycle, synoptic variability, and seasonal variability for both cold and hot extremes. These four terms are combined, and the overall performance of individual climate models assessed. This identifies those models that can simulate temperature extremes well and simulate them well for the right reasons. The new error metric shows that increases in horizontal resolution usually lead to a better performance particularly for the coarser resolution models. The CMIP6 improvements relative to CMIP5 are systematic across most land regions and are only partially explained by the increase in horizontal resolution, and other differences must therefore help explain the higher CMIP6 skill.
Momentum and Pressure Balance of a Comet Ionosphere
Authors: Williamson H. N. , Nilsson H. , Stenberg Wieser G. , Eriksson A. I. , Richter I. , Goetz C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe calculate the momentum flux and pressure of ions measured by the Ion Composition Analyzer (ICA) on the Rosetta mission at comet 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko. The total momentum flux stays roughly constant over the mission, but the contributions of different ion populations change depending on heliocentric distance. The magnetic pressure, calculated from Rosetta magnetometer measurements, roughly corresponds with the cometary ion momentum flux. When the spacecraft enters the solar wind ion cavity, the solar wind fluxes drop drastically, while the cometary momentum flux becomes roughly 10 times the solar wind fluxes outside of the ion cavity, indicating that pickup ions behave similarly to the solar wind ions in this region. We use electron density from the Langmuir probe to calculate the electron pressure, which is particularly important close to the comet nucleus where flow changes from antisunward to radially outward.
Deep Learning as a Tool to Forecast Hydrologic Response for Landslide‐Prone Hillslopes
Authors: Orland Elijah , Roering Joshua J. , Thomas Matthew A. , Mirus Benjamin B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmpirical thresholds for landslide warning systems have benefitted from the incorporation of soil‐hydrologic monitoring data, but the mechanistic basis for their predictive capabilities is limited. Although physically based hydrologic models can accurately simulate changes in soil moisture and pore pressure that promote landslides, their utility is restricted by high computational costs and nonunique parameterization issues. We construct a deep learning model using soil moisture, pore pressure, and rainfall monitoring data acquired from landslide‐prone hillslopes in Oregon, USA, to predict the timing and magnitude of hydrologic response at multiple soil depths for 36‐hr intervals. We find that observation records as short as 6 months are sufficient for accurate predictions, and our model captures hydrologic response for high‐intensity rainfall events even when those storm types are excluded from model training. We conclude that machine learning can provide an accurate and computationally efficient alternative to empirical methods or physical modeling for landslide hazard warning.
A compendium of genome-wide sequence reads from NBS (nucleotide binding site) domains of resistance genes in the common potato
Authors: Prakash Celine , Trognitz Friederike Ch , Venhuizen Peter , von Haeseler Arndt , Trognitz Bodo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSolariX is a compendium of DNA sequence tags from the nucleotide binding site (NBS) domain of disease resistance genes of the common potato, Solanum tuberosum Group Tuberosum. The sequences, which we call NBS tags, for nearly all NBS domains from 91 genomes—representing a wide range of historical and contemporary potato cultivars, 24 breeding programs and 200 years—were generated using just 16 amplification primers and high-throughput sequencing. The NBS tags were mapped to 587 NBS domains on the draft potato genome DM, where we detected an average, over all the samples, of 26 nucleotide polymorphisms on each locus. The total number of NBS domains observed, differed between potato cultivars. However, both modern and old cultivars possessed comparable levels of variability, and neither the individual breeder or country nor the generation or time appeared to correlate with the NBS domain frequencies. Our attempts to detect haplotypes (i.e., sets of linked nucleotide polymorphisms) frequently yielded more than the possible 4 alleles per domain indicating potential locus intermixing during the mapping of NBS tags to the DM reference genome. Mapping inaccuracies were likely a consequence of the differences of each cultivar to the reference genome used, coupled with high levels of NBS domain sequence similarity. We illustrate that the SolariX database is useful to search for polymorphism linked with NBS-LRR R gene alleles conferring specific disease resistance and to develop molecular markers for selection.
Shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from leaf and root explants of Scaevola sericea
Authors: Liang Hanzhi , Xiong Yuping , Guo Beiyi , Yan Haifeng , Jian Shuguang , Ren Hai , Zhang Xinhua , Li Yuan , Zeng Songjun , Wu Kunlin , Zheng Feng , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Xiong Youhua , Ma Guohua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn efficient regeneration system via shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from in vitro leaf and root explants was established for Scaevola sericea for the first time. The highest axillary shoot proliferation coefficient (4.8) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) every 45 days. Young in vitro leaves and roots, which were used as explants, were cultured onto medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators. Our results showed that only cytokinins BA and thidiazuron (TDZ), could induce adventitious shoots and somatic embryos from leaf and root explants. The optimal medium to achieve this was MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BA and which induced most adventitious shoots (2.7) and somatic embryos (17.3) from leaf explants within 30 days. From root explants, 1.1 adventitious shoots and 7.6 somatic embryos could be induced on MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/L TDZ. Histological observation showed that both somatic embryos and adventitious shoots were originated from homogeneous parenchyma and the development of somatic embryos was visible. Maximum rooting percentage (99.0%) was achieved on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/L NAA. Well-rooted plantlets, which were transplanted into a substrate of pure river sand, displayed a high survival percentage of 91.7% after transplanting for 45 days while the best substrate for plantlet growth was river sand: coral sand (1:1).
Chemical composition and anti-oxidant potential on essential oils of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. from Loess Plateau in China, regulating Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in zebrafish
Authors: He Ting , Li Xiao , Wang Xiaoping , Xu Xiao , Yan Xin , Li Xiang , Sun Siqi , Dong Ying , Ren Xueyang , Liu Xiaoyun , Wang Yu , Sui Hong , Xia Qing , She Gaimei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChemical profile and antioxidant potency of essential oils (EOs) of Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. (thyme oils) obtained from Loess Plateau in China had been studied. 130 constituents of thyme oils were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and carvacrol ethyl ether was firstly reported as a new natural product, which has been used as a synthetic flavoring substance with no safety concern. The thyme oils showed the anti-oxidant activity using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and conferred protection against oxidative stress in zebrafish. In addition, a class of carvacrol analogues was found to develop as potential natural antioxidant products of thyme oils from Loess Plateau by the correlation analysis. YL-thyme oil performed the best antioxidant activity in this research, which could be recommended as preferred sources of thyme oils. Furthermore, YL-thyme oil exhibited a potent antioxidant capacity by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, enhancing the endogenous antioxidant system, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and activation of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in zebrafish.
Engagement in video and audio narratives: contrasting self-report and physiological measures
Authors: Richardson Daniel C. , Griffin Nicole K. , Zaki Lara , Stephenson Auburn , Yan Jiachen , Curry Thomas , Noble Richard , Hogan John , Skipper Jeremy I. , Devlin Joseph T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStories play a fundamental role in human culture. They provide a mechanism for sharing cultural identity, imparting knowledge, revealing beliefs, reinforcing social bonds and providing entertainment that is central to all human societies. Here we investigated the extent to which the delivery medium of a story (audio or visual) affected self-reported and physiologically measured engagement with the narrative. Although participants self-reported greater involvement for watching video relative to listening to auditory scenes, stronger physiological responses were recorded for auditory stories. Sensors placed at their wrists showed higher and more variable heart rates, greater electrodermal activity, and even higher body temperatures. We interpret these findings as evidence that the stories were more cognitively and emotionally engaging at a physiological level when presented in an auditory format. This may be because listening to a story, rather than watching a video, is a more active process of co-creation, and that this imaginative process in the listener’s mind is detectable on the skin at their wrist.
Effects of pterostigma structure on vibrational characteristics during flight of Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Song Z. L. , Tong J. , Yan Y. W. , Sun J. Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe hind wings of beetles are deployable and play an essential role in flight. In the Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), the pterostigma (pst) is found in the middle of the hind wing instead of at the tip of the hind wing. This paper investigates the effect of the pst on the vibrational characteristics during the flight of H. axyridis. Based on cross sections of the pst and veins as well as the morphology and nanomechanical properties of the hind wing, including the wing membrane and veins, three three-dimensional coupling models, Models I–III, of hind wings with/without pst structures and veins with varying or uniform reduced moduli are established. Modal analysis results for these three models show that the vibrational characteristics and deformation tendencies change the flight performance of the hind wing models with pst structures compared with that of the other models. The results in this paper reveal that the pst structure has an important influence on vibrational characteristics and deformation tendencies and, hence, on flight performance; the relationships between the body mass and the area of the hind wing, which have significant implications for the design of biomimetic deployable wing structures for micro air vehicles (MAVs), are also analyzed.
DA-CapsNet: dual attention mechanism capsule network
Authors: Huang Wenkai , Zhou Fobao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA capsule network (CapsNet) is a recently proposed neural network model with a new structure. The purpose of CapsNet is to form activation capsules. In this paper, our team proposes a dual attention mechanism capsule network (DA-CapsNet). In DA-CapsNet, the first layer of the attention mechanism is added after the convolution layer and is referred to as Conv-Attention; the second layer is added after the PrimaryCaps and is referred to as Caps-Attention. The experimental results show that DA-CapsNet performs better than CapsNet. For MNIST, the trained DA-CapsNet is tested in the testset, the accuracy of the DA-CapsNet is 100% after 8 epochs, compared to 25 epochs for CapsNet. For SVHN, CIFAR10, FashionMNIST, smallNORB, and COIL-20, the highest accuracy of DA-CapsNet was 3.46%, 2.52%, 1.57%, 1.33% and 1.16% higher than that of CapsNet. And the results of image reconstruction in COIL-20 show that DA-CapsNet has a more competitive performance than CapsNet.
Imaging switchable magnetoelectric quadrupole domains via nonreciprocal linear dichroism
Authors: Kimura Kenta , Katsuyoshi Tsukasa , Sawada Yuya , Kimura Shojiro , Kimura Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParity-odd magnetoelectric multipoles such as magnetic quadrupoles and toroidal dipoles contribute to various symmetry-dependent magnetic phenomena and formation of exotic ordered phases. However, the observation of domain structures emerging due to symmetry breaking caused by these multipoles is a severe challenge because of their antiferromagnetic nature without net magnetization. Here, we report the discovery of nonreciprocal linear dichroism for visible light (~4% at 1.8 eV) in a magnetic quadrupole ordered phase of antiferromagnetic Pb(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4, which enables the identification of magnetic quadrupole domains of opposite signs. Symmetry considerations indicate that nonreciprocal linear dichroism is induced by the optical magnetoelectric effect, i.e., the linear magnetoelectric effect for electromagnetic waves. Using the nonreciprocal linear dichroism, we successfully visualize spatial distributions of quadrupole domains and their isothermal electric-field switching by means of a transmission-type polarized light microscope. The present work exemplifies that the optical magnetoelectric effect efficiently visualizes magnetoelectric multipole domains responding to external perturbations.
CD89/CD35 Expression Ratio in Salivary Neutrophil as an Early Detection Marker for Severe Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Oki Aqsa Sjuhada , Indrawati Retno , Rifai Muhaimin , Dachlan Yoes Prijatna , Razak Fathilah Abdul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives To analyze CD35/CD89 expression ratio on the surface of neutrophils as an early detection marker for S-ECC.
Materials and Methods Saliva was collected from 4- to 6-year-old kindergarten students. Salivary neutrophils were obtained by instructing the subjects to rinse their mouth with 1 mL of sterile 1.5% NaCl for 30 seconds before expectorating it into a sterile glass. The expression of CFSE+CD35+ and CFSE+CD89+was measured and analyzed using flow cytometry.
Results The expression of CFSE+CD89+ in the caries-free group (2.46 ± 0.39) was significantly lower than that in the S-ECC group (3.41 ± 1.11), with a p-value of 0.0001, while the expression of CFSE+CD35+ in the caries-free group was (2.35 ± 0.56) compared with (1.54 ± 0.35) (p = 0.0001) in the S-ECC group.
Conclusions The expression ratio of CFSE+CD89+ and CFSE+CD35+constitutes a marker for S-ECC.
Mechanistic determinants of effector-independent motor memory encoding
Authors: Kumar Adarsh , Panthi Gaurav , Divakar Rechu , Mutha Pratik K. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Humans are sensitive to errors in their movements and learn from them. Years of work in sensorimotor neuroscience has shown that learning actions with one effector engenders motor memories that comprise effector-independent representations. We probe the mechanisms and neuroanatomical substrates that are causally associated with the encoding of these memory components. Using a combination of behavioral experiments, computational modeling, and brain stimulation in humans, we show that such representations are encoded via a parietal-dependent, implicit mechanism that evolves gradually during learning. By uncovering the computations underlying encoding of effector-independent memories and assigning a causal role to posterior parietal cortex, our results compel an appreciation of the contributions of association cortices to the learning and memory of new motor acts.
Desire, liturgy, andthe joint construction of narrativein a teacher preparation program
Authors: Renga Ian Parker 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTreating narrative as a social practice has enabled examination of the identity work accomplished through interactive story construction within various communities, including teacher preparation programs. Largely unaddressed in this literature is the presence of desire – the sense of longing conveyed through expressed wants, wishes, and hopes – and how it works in and through narrative practice. FollowingJames K. A. Smith (2009), I posit that some stories may be liturgical in their conscripting of tellers and listeners into narratives that shape their identities and direct their desires. To explore this empirically, I examined desire in the joint construction of a professional identity narrative – teacher as lifelong learner – within an urban teacher residency. My analysis suggests that program leaders’ expressed desiresofandforthe novice teachers established the leaders’ authority and worked to conscript novices into the narrative. However, novices were actively negotiating the narrative and the desirability of the professional identity.