bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation science and periodontal practice: Translation of evidence into periodontology
Authors: Frantsve‐Hawley Julie , Kumar Satish S. , Rindal D. Brad , Weyant Robert J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe advent of evidence‐based practice in the 1990s led to the development of processes and resources to support the use of high‐quality research in the provision of health care. As the evidence‐based approach to health care continues to evolve, it has become apparent that mere creation and access to scientific knowledge is not sufficient to facilitate its routine adoption in health care. Throughout any health care system, there are inherent barriers preventing the adoption and routine use of new evidence in patient care. These barriers include provider‐level factors, such as knowledge and access to new evidence, as well as each provider's attitudes and beliefs around adopting and applying the evidence with their patients. Importantly, there are also health care system‐level barriers that, even among willing providers, prevent the easy adoption of new evidence and routine application in patient care. In addition to barriers, there are facilitators that help promote adoption of evidence into practice. Understanding and addressing barriers and facilitators to promote adoption of evidence into practice has led to the growth of a new field known as implementation science. Successful application of implementation science in all areas of health care, including periodontology, will help bridge the gap between what are known from clinical research to be effective treatments and what treatments should be applied routinely in clinical practice. This article reviews key concepts in implementation science and how its application in periodontology can facilitate the translation of high‐quality evidence into routine periodontal practice and improved patient outcomes.
Novel natural product‐based oral topical rinses and toothpastes to prevent periodontal diseases
Authors: Laleman Isabelle , Teughels Wim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is increasing public interest in natural or herbal‐based healthcare products. This trend is not only visible in supermarkets and dental practices, but also in the scientific world. An improving number of clinical trials are being conducted to validate the claims made about these products in regards to periodontal health. Among single component preparations, Aloe vera and green tea are the most studied natural ingredients. Concerning polyherbal mixtures, triphala has garnered great interest. The effects of these natural products on periodontal health is encouraging, with almost all studies showing an inhibitory effect on plaque accumulation and an improvement in gingival health. However, more studies are needed to be able to design clinical guidelines to guide the use of these natural products in periodontal practice. For most of these products, few studies are available and, moreover, the available studies are limited in duration, the number of participants, and the specific composition of the natural product is often not described in detail.
The impacts of China’s exchange rate regime reform in 2005: A counterfactual analysis
Authors: Du Zaichao , Li Jie , Pei Pei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper empirically evaluates the impacts of China’s exchange rate regime reform in 2005 on its macroeconomy. We propose to use a new counterfactual policy evaluation method that is robust to the choice of control group. Using the new method, we find that China’s exchange rate regime reform in 2005 mildly reduces the Consumer Price Index, has a substantial damping effect on export, significantly increases employment, and has negligible impact on industrial production.
Assessing Causal Effects of Extra Compulsory Learning on College Students’ Academic Performances
Authors: Licari Federica , Mattei Alessandra 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn Italian state universities candidate freshmen must take an entrance examination. Candidates who obtain a test score less than or equal to a pre-fixed threshold may enrol at the university but must comply with an additional compulsory educational obligation, called obblighi formativi aggiuntivi (OFA). The OFA assignment rule appeals to a (sharp) regression discontinuity design with the entrance examination score acting as the forcing variable. We assess causal effects of OFA status by using data from a school of engineering of a specific Italian state university. For subpopulations of units for which our regression discontinuity design can be described as a local randomized experiment, we draw inference on the causal effects of OFA on students’ academic performances measured by using two variables: the number of university credits awarded at the end of the first academic year and the corresponding average grade. These outcome variables suffer from the problem of truncation by ‘death’, because neither is defined for students who decide not to enrol. Moreover, nor is the average grade defined for students who enrol but do not either take or pass any examination in the first academic year. We deal with these issues by using the framework of principal stratification and adopting a Bayesian approach to inference. We find some evidence that the receipt of OFA may negatively affect students’ academic performances, although the posterior distributions of the causal estimands have high variability.
One-Class Classification with Application to Forensic Analysis
Authors: Fortunato Francesca , Anderlucci Laura , Montanari Angela 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe analysis of broken glass is forensically important to reconstruct the events of a criminal act. In particular, the comparison between the glass fragments found on a suspect (recovered cases) and those collected at the crime scene (control cases) may help the police to identify the offender(s) correctly. The forensic issue can be framed as a one-class classification problem. One-class classification is a recently emerging and special classification task, where only one class is fully known (the so-called target class), whereas information on the others is completely missing. We propose to consider Gini's classical transvariation probability as a measure of typicality, i.e. a measure of resemblance between an observation and a set of well-known objects (the control cases). The aim of the proposed transvariation-based one-class classifier is to identify the best boundary around the target class, i.e. to recognize as many target objects as possible while rejecting all those deviating from this class.
Tissue‐specific deletion of mouse basolateral uniporter LAT4 (Slc43a2) reveals its crucial role in small intestine and kidney amino acid transport
Authors: Rajendran Anuradha , Poncet Nadège , Oparija‐Rogenmozere Lalita , Herzog Brigitte , Verrey François 
Published: August 2020

Key points
LAT4 is a broadly expressed uniporter selective for essential branched chain amino acids, methionine and phenylalanine, which are involved in epithelial transport.
Its global deletion leads to an early malnutrition‐like phenotype and death within 10 days after birth.
Here, we tested the impact of deleting LAT4 selectively in the mouse intestine. This affected slightly the absorption of amino acids (AAs) and delayed gastrointestinal motility; however, it had no major phenotypic effect, even when combined with aromatic AA uniporter TAT1 knockout (KO).
Conversely, kidney tubule‐selective deletion of LAT4 led to a substantial aminoaciduria that strongly increased under a high protein diet. Combining a partial tubular LAT4 deletion with TAT1 KO implicated their synergistic action on AA reabsorption.
These results show that LAT4 plays an important role for kidney AA reabsorption, but that its functional role in intestinal AA absorption is largely dispensable.
AbstractAmino acid (AA) transporter LAT4 (Slc43a2) functions as facilitated diffusion uniporter for essential neutral AAs and is highly expressed at the basolateral membrane of small intestine (SI) and kidney tubule epithelia. Previously, we showed that LAT4 global knockout (KO) mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio but died within 10 days. Their failure to gain weight and a severe malnutrition‐like phenotype contrasted with apparently normal feeding, suggesting a severe intestinal AA absorption defect. In the present study, using conditional global and tissue‐specific LAT4 KO mouse models, we nullified this hypothesis, demonstrating that the selective lack of intestinal LAT4 does not impair postnatal development, although it leads to an absorption defect accompanied by delayed gastrointestinal motility. Kidney tubule‐specific LAT4 KO led to a substantial aminoaciduria as a result of a reabsorption defect of AAs transported by LAT4 and of other AAs that are substrates of the antiporter LAT2, demonstrating, in vivo, the functional co‐operation of these two transporters. The major role played by basolateral uniporters in the kidney was further supported by the observation that, in mice lacking TAT1, another neutral AA uniporter, a partial LAT4 KO led to a synergistic increase of urinary AA loss. Surprisingly in the SI, the same combined KO induced no major effect, suggesting yet unknown compensatory mechanisms. Taken together, the lethal malnutrition‐like phenotype observed previously in LAT4 global KO pups is suggested to be the consequence of a combinatorial effect of LAT4 deletion in the SI, kidney and presumably other tissues.
Distinct features of calcium handling and β‐adrenergic sensitivity in heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Kilfoil Peter J. , Lotteau Sabine , Zhang Rui , Yue Xin , Aynaszyan Stephan , Solymani Ryan E. , Cingolani Eugenio , Marbán Eduardo , Goldhaber Joshua I. 
Published: August 2020

Key points
Heart failure (HF), the leading cause of death in developed countries, occurs in the setting of reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Unlike HFrEF, there are no effective treatments for HFpEF, which accounts for ∼50% of heart failure.
Abnormal intracellular calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes have major implications for contractility and rhythm, but compared to HFrEF, very little is known about calcium cycling in HFpEF.
We used rat models of HFpEF and HFrEF to reveal distinct differences in intracellular calcium regulation and excitation‐contraction (EC) coupling.
While HFrEF is characterized by defective EC coupling at baseline, HFpEF exhibits enhanced coupling fidelity, further aggravated by a reduction in β‐adrenergic sensitivity.
These differences in EC coupling and β‐adrenergic sensitivity may help explain why therapies that work in HFrEF are ineffective in HFpEF.
AbstractHeart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (respectively, HFrEF and HFpEF) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Although numerous therapies improve outcomes in HFrEF, there are no effective treatments for HFpEF. We studied phenotypically verified rat models of HFrEF and HFpEF to compare excitation‐contraction (EC) coupling and protein expression in these two forms of heart failure. Dahl salt‐sensitive rats were fed a high‐salt diet (8% NaCl) from 7 weeks of age to induce HFpEF. Impaired diastolic relaxation and preserved ejection fraction were confirmed in each animal echocardiographically, and clinical signs of heart failure were documented. To generate HFrEF, Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats underwent permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation which, 8–10 weeks later, led to systolic dysfunction (verified echocardiographically) and clinical signs of heart failure. Calcium (Ca2+) transients were measured in isolated cardiomyocytes under field stimulation or patch clamp. Ultra‐high‐speed laser scanning confocal imaging captured Ca2+ sparks evoked by voltage steps. Western blotting and PCR were used to assay changes in EC coupling protein and RNA expression. Cardiomyocytes from rats with HFrEF exhibited impaired EC coupling, including decreased Ca2+ transient (CaT) amplitude and defective couplon recruitment, associated with transverse (t)‐tubule disruption. In stark contrast, HFpEF cardiomyocytes showed saturated EC coupling (increased ICa, high probability of couplon recruitment with greater Ca2+ release synchrony, increased CaT) and preserved t‐tubule integrity. β‐Adrenergic stimulation of HFpEF myocytes with isoprenaline (isoproterenol) failed to elicit robust increases in ICa or CaT and relaxation kinetics. Fundamental differences in EC coupling distinguish HFrEF from HFpEF.
A Novel Multi-Stage Impingement Cooling Scheme—Part I: Concept Study
Authors: Liu Kexin , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The impingement cooling for a modern gas turbine component, either a combustor liner or a high-pressure turbine blade, is often not as efficient as required due to strong cross-flow effect and coolant maldistribution. This paper reports a novel multi-stage impingement cooling scheme to effectively use the coolant and minimize the cross-flow effect. The design concept and general working mechanism are introduced in this Part I paper. The extra design flexibilities and optimization strategies are reported in Part II. Numerical simulations on conjugate heat transfer (CHT) were carried out to assess the flow structure and thermal performance between a typical single-stage cooling design and a three-stage cooling design at typical operating conditions. It has been observed that the novel multi-stage cooling design can reinitiate impingement jets at each stage, which greatly reduces the cross-flow impact and local thermal gradient. The staging of cooling air for the target surface also offers better utilization of the cooling capacity. Even by using 50% of the coolant designed for the single-stage impingement cooling, the multi-stage case can still sufficiently cool the target surface. The additional pressure loss penalty introduced in multi-stage design needs further efforts on design optimization.
Study on Melt Coolability and Water Ingression Through Melt Pool in Scaled Down Core Catcher—The Influence of Vessel Angle
Authors: V. Ganesh , Kulkarni Parimal P. , Nayak Arun K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An ex-vessel core catcher is generally used in advanced reactors to mitigate core melt scenarios by stabilizing and cooling the corium for prolonged period by strategically flooding it. The side indirect cooling along with delayed top flooding of water ensures that the water interacts with the oxidic components only after melt inversion. However, water ingression either through the top of melt pool or through the crust–vessel gap may lead to unoxidized metal–water interaction in the melt leading to hydrogen production. To avoid this deleterious scenario, water ingression into the bulk of the melt is to be avoided. In this study, a series of experiments using a scaled down core catcher has been conducted to study the phenomena of melt coolability and water ingression by varying the bottom vessel angle of the core catcher. Three different angles of the bottom plate were considered: 10, 20, and 30 deg. The melt used was a corium simulant in the form of CaO–B2O3.The transient temperature history of melt pool, inside and outside vessel surface temperatures along with the post-test evaluation of the test section reveals that the bottom angle has an effect on water ingression and the resultant melt eruption at different locations. The tests conducted showed that the scaled down core catcher with 10-deg inclination of the bottom plate does not exhibit water ingression, whereas the 20- and 30-deg angle-scaled down core catchers showed water ingression and subsequent melt eruption.
Potential impact of missing outcome data on treatment effects in systematic reviews: imputation study
Authors: Kahale Lara A , Khamis Assem M , Diab Batoul , Chang Yaping , Lopes Luciane Cruz , Agarwal Arnav , Li Ling , Mustafa Reem A , Koujanian Serge , Waziry Reem , Busse Jason W , Dakik Abeer , Schünemann Holger J , Hooft Lotty , Scholten Rob JPM , Guyatt Gordon H , Akl Elie A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the risk of bias associated with missing outcome data in systematic reviews.DesignImputation study.SettingSystematic reviews.Population100 systematic reviews that included a group level meta-analysis with a statistically significant effect on a patient important dichotomous efficacy outcome.Main outcome measuresMedian percentage change in the relative effect estimate when applying each of the following assumption (four commonly discussed but implausible assumptions (best case scenario, none had the event, all had the event, and worst case scenario) and four plausible assumptions for missing data based on the informative missingness odds ratio (IMOR) approach (IMOR 1.5 (least stringent), IMOR 2, IMOR 3, IMOR 5 (most stringent)); percentage of meta-analyses that crossed the threshold of the null effect for each method; and percentage of meta-analyses that qualitatively changed direction of effect for each method. Sensitivity analyses based on the eight different methods of handling missing data were conducted.Results100 systematic reviews with 653 randomised controlled trials were included. When applying the implausible but commonly discussed assumptions, the median change in the relative effect estimate varied from 0% to 30.4%. The percentage of meta-analyses crossing the threshold of the null effect varied from 1% (best case scenario) to 60% (worst case scenario), and 26% changed direction with the worst case scenario. When applying the plausible assumptions, the median percentage change in relative effect estimate varied from 1.4% to 7.0%. The percentage of meta-analyses crossing the threshold of the null effect varied from 6% (IMOR 1.5) to 22% (IMOR 5) of meta-analyses, and 2% changed direction with the most stringent (IMOR 5).ConclusionEven when applying plausible assumptions to the outcomes of participants with definite missing data, the average change in pooled relative effect estimate is substantive, and almost a quarter (22%) of meta-analyses crossed the threshold of the null effect. Systematic review authors should present the potential impact of missing outcome data on their effect estimates and use this to inform their overall GRADE (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) ratings of risk of bias and their interpretation of the results.
Provision of care for pregnant women with IBD in the UK: the current landscape
Authors: Wolloff Sarah , Moore Emma , Glanville Tracey , Limdi Jimmy , Kok Klaartje B , Fraser Aileen , Kent Alexandra , Mulgabal Khasia , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Selinger Christian 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionSuboptimal control of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can result in increased rates of adverse pregnancy-related outcomes. We aimed to describe the current landscape of provision of antenatal care for women with IBD in the UK.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey collected data on service setup; principles of care pre-conception, during pregnancy and post partum; and on perceived roles and responsibilities of relevant clinicians.ResultsData were provided for 97 IBD units. Prepregnancy counselling was offered mostly on request only (54%) and in an ad hoc manner. In 86% of units, IBD antenatal care was provided by the patient’s usual gastroenterologist, rather than a gastroenterologist with expertise in pregnancy (14%). Combined clinics with obstetricians and gastroenterologists were offered in 14% of units (24% academic vs 7% district hospitals; p=0.043). Communication with obstetrics was ‘as and when required’ in 51% and 30% of IBD units reviewed pregnant women with IBD ‘only when required’. The majority of respondents thought gastroenterologists should be involved in decisions regarding routine vaccinations (70%), breast feeding (80%), folic acid dosage (61%) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis (53%). Sixty-five per cent of respondents thought that gastroenterologists should be involved in decisions around mode of delivery and 30% recommended caesarean sections for previous but healed perianal disease.ConclusionsThis nationwide survey found considerable variation in IBD antenatal services. We identified deficiencies in service setup, care provided by IBD units and clinician knowledge. A basic framework to inform service setup, and better education on the available clinical guidance, is required to ensure consistent high-quality multidisciplinary care.
Obstetrical outcome and treatments in seronegative primary APS: data from European retrospective study
Authors: Abisror Noemie , Nguyen Yann , Marozio Luca , Esteve Valverde Enrique , Udry Sebastian , Pleguezuelo Daniel Enrique , Billoir Paul , Mayer-Pickel Karoline , Urbanski Geoffrey , Zigon Polona , De Moreuil Claire , Hoxha Ariela , Bezanahary Holy , Carbillon Lionel , Kayem Gilles , Bornes Marie , Yelnik Cecile , Johanet Cathererine , Nicaise-Roland Pascale , Lambert Marc , Salle Valéry , Latino Omar Jose , Hachulla Eric , Benedetto Chiara , Bourrienne Marie Charlotte , Benhamou Ygal , Alijotas-Reig Jaume , Fain Olivier , Mekinian Arsène ,   On behalf of European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo compare characteristics, pregnancies and treatments during pregnancies of seronegative and seropositive antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), to analyse factors associated with obstetrical outcome.Patients and methodsInclusion criteria were: (1) thrombotic and/or obstetrical APS (Sydney criteria); (2) absence of conventional antiphospholipid antibodies (APL); (3) at least one persistent non-conventional APL among IgA anticardiolipin antibodies, IgA anti-B2GPI, anti-vimentin G/M, anti-annexin V G/M, anti-phosphatidylethanolamine G/M and anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin G/M antibodies. The exclusion criteria were: (1) systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) or SLE-like disease; and (2) other connective tissue disease.ResultsA total of 187 women (mean 33±5 years) with seronegative APS were included from 14 centres in Austria, Spain, Italy, Slovenia and France and compared with 285 patients with seropositive APS. Seronegative APS has more obstetrical rather than thrombotic phenotypes, with only 6% of venous thrombosis in comparison to seropositive APS. Cumulative incidence of adverse obstetrical events was similar in seronegative and seropositive APS patients, although higher rates of intrauterine deaths (15% vs 5%; p=0.03), of preeclampsia (7% vs 16%, p=0.048) and lower live birth term (36±3 vs 38±3 weeks of gestation; p=0.04) were noted in seropositive APS. The cumulative incidence of adverse obstetrical events was significantly improved in treated versus untreated seronegative APS (log rank<0.05), whereas there was no difference between patients who received aspirin or aspirin-low-molecular weighted heparin combination.ConclusionSeveral non-criteria APL can be detected in patients with clinical APS features without any conventional APL, with various rates. The detection of non-criteria APL and thus the diagnosis of seronegative APS could discuss the therapeutic management similar to seropositive APS, but well-designed controlled studies are necessary.