bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay between Paper-and-Pencil Activity and Dynamic-Geometry-Environment Use during Generalisation and Proving
Authors: Komatsu Kotaro , Jones Keith 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDigital tools have a potential to change significantly the form of mathematical learning taking place in classrooms, with research pointing to various affordances in comparison with physical tools such as paper-and-pencil environments. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research that has examined in-depth the interrelated roles these two types of tools fulfil in mathematics learning. This issue of inter-related roles is important because, when digital tools are incorporated into classrooms, students usually also have notebooks and worksheets within which they carry out actions complementary to their use of digital tools. In this article, we focus on the use of dynamic geometry environments (DGEs) in conjecturing and proving, and, in particular, we examine the interplay between students’ paper-and-pencil activity and their use of a DGE during the producing and proving of a generalisation of a statement. We analyse a series of lessons involving secondary school students (aged 14–15, Grade 9) and show that, while DGE use supported the students in generalising a statement, they were initially unable to prove the generalisation while using the DGE, but subsequently succeeded through their paper-and-pencil activity. Our research illustrates the affordance of paper-and-pencil environments to support students in working on different representations, and thus highlights how the interplay between paper-and-pencil activity and DGE use can be important for the progress of conjecturing and proving. We also show the roles taken by the teacher in supporting the students’ work, and point to the need for further research into the back-and-forth use of digital and physical tools.
Role and mechanism of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in acute lung injury in coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Liu Meng‐Yuan , Zheng Bo , Zhang Yan , Li Jian‐Ping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 is a major threat to public health globally. Though its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been recently identified as a receptor for the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) into the cell. Here, we aimed to clarify the potential role of ACE2 in SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced acute lung injury and its underlying mechanism. As a receptor for coronavirus, ACE2 mediates the entry of SARS‐CoV‐2 into cells in a similar way as for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV). The high binding affinity of SARS‐CoV‐2 to ACE2 correlates with its efficient spread among humans. On the other hand, ACE2 negatively regulates the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) primarily by converting angiotensin II to angiotensin 1–7, which exerts a beneficial effect on coronavirus‐induced acute lung injury. Human recombinant ACE2 has been considered as a potential therapy for SARS‐CoV‐2 by blocking virus entry and redressing the imbalance of RAAS in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The level of ACE2 expression can be upregulated by treatment with an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor blocker (ARB). To date, no evidence shows that ACEIs or ARBs increase the susceptibility and mortality of patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, and hence, it is not advisable to discontinue such drugs in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Using the internet search data to investigate symptom characteristics of COVID‐19: A big data study
Authors: Qiu Hui‐Jun , Yuan Lian‐Xiong , Wu Qing‐Wu , Zhou Yu‐Qi , Zheng Rui , Huang Xue‐Kun , Yang Qin‐Tai 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveAnalyzing the symptom characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID‐19) to improve control and prevention.MethodsUsing the Baidu Index Platform (http://index.baidu.com) and the website of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as data resources to obtain the search volume (SV) of keywords for symptoms associated with COVID‐19 from January 1 to February 20 in each year from 2017 to 2020 and the epidemic data in Hubei province and the other top 9 impacted provinces in China. Data of 2020 were compared with those of the previous three years. Data of Hubei province were compared with those of the other 9 provinces. The differences and characteristics of the SV of COVID‐19‐related symptoms, and the correlations between the SV of COVID‐19 and the number of newly confirmed/suspected cases were analyzed. The lag effects were discussed.ResultsComparing the SV from January 1, 2020 to February 20, 2020 with those for the same period of the previous three years, Hubei's SV for cough, fever, diarrhea, chest tightness, dyspnea, and other symptoms were significantly increased. The total SV of lower respiratory symptoms was significantly higher than that of upper respiratory symptoms (P＜0.001). The SV of COVID‐19 in Hubei province was significantly correlated with the number of newly confirmed/suspected cases (rconfirmed = 0.723, rsuspected = 0.863, both p < 0.001). The results of the distributed lag model suggested that the patients who searched relevant symptoms on the Internet may begin to see doctors in 2–3 days later and be confirmed in 3–4 days later.ConclusionThe total SV of lower respiratory symptoms was higher than that of upper respiratory symptoms, and the SV of diarrhea also increased significantly. It warned us to pay attention to not only the symptoms of the lower respiratory tract but also the gastrointestinal symptoms, especially diarrhea in patients with COVID‐19. Internet search behavior had a positive correlation with the number of newly confirmed/suspected cases, suggesting that big data has an important role in the early warning of infectious diseases.
Bilevel programming model and algorithms for flight gate assignment problem
Authors: Lin J. , Ding X. , Li H. , Zhou J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTConsidering the decision-making requirements of airport, airlines and passengers, a bilevel programming model which contains two parts was proposed in this paper. One part is to improve the utilization of gates of the airport (upper level), so the objective function of the upper level to the minimum overall variance of slack time between two consecutive air crafts at the same gate. The other part looks at maximize the airline revenue and passengers more conveniently and comfortably (lower level). The lower level has two objective functions — the minimum passenger transfer failure and the minimum passenger average transfer time, respectively. According to the latest data of an airport in Eastern China, the adaptive genetic algorithm is used to solve the above-mentioned bilevel optimisation problems. The numerical experiment shows that the model not only reduces the variance of the relaxation time, but also optimises the flight gate allocation and achieves the initial goal.
The polar sea ice topography reconstruction system
Authors: Sorensen Scott , Veerendraveer Vinit , Treible Wayne , Mahoney Andrew R. , Kambhamettu Chandra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Polar Sea Ice Topography REconstruction System, or PSITRES, is a 3D camera system designed to continuously monitor an area of ice and water adjacent to an ice-going vessel. Camera systems aboard ships in the polar regions are common; however, the application of computer vision techniques to extract high-level information from the imagery is infrequent. Many of the existing systems are built for human involvement throughout the process and lack automation necessary for round the clock use. The PSITRES was designed with computer vision in mind. It can capture images continuously for days on end with limited oversight. We have applied the system in different ice observing scenarios. The PSITRES was deployed on three research expeditions in the Arctic and Subarctic, and we present applications in measuring ice concentration, melt pond fraction and presence of algae. Systems like PSITRES and the computer vision algorithms applied represent steps toward automatically observing, evaluating and analyzing ice and the environment around ships in ice-covered waters.
Disaster Preparedness of Persons Requiring Special Care Ages 75 Years and Older Living in Areas at High Risk of Earthquake Disasters: A Cross-Sectional Study From the Pacific Coast Region of Western Japan
Authors: Hattori Yuka , Isowa Tokiko , Hiramatsu Mayuko , Kitagawa Akiko , Tsujikawa Mayumi 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:The aims of this study were to examine the preparedness of vulnerable people ages 75 years and older and to clarify the characteristics of older adults that are associated with disaster preparedness.Methods:We conducted interviews with persons requiring special care ages 75 years and older living in coastal communities of western Japan, where earthquakes and tsunami disasters are a concern. The survey included participant characteristics such as demographic indicators, physical function, health status, community involvement, and disaster preparedness. Binomial logistic regression analysis was performed with participant characteristics as independent variables and disaster preparedness as the dependent variables.Results:The characteristics related to disaster preparedness were age, family composition, cognitive function, level of interaction with neighbors, and participation in community activities.Conclusions:Being female, living alone, and having cognitive impairment were factors that led to decreased disaster preparedness. However, it was suggested that close human interactions in the community facilitated preparedness. Community engagement is crucial in reducing disaster damage and recovering effectively. In order to facilitate preparedness measures for persons requiring special care ages 75 and older, it is important to establish community preparedness.
Emergency Physician Involvement in Hospital Preparedness: A National Survey of Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Ryan Kevin M. , Mostaghimi Sina , Dugas Julianne , Goralnick Eric 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of emergency medicine physicians at academic medical centers across the United States as well as their background training, roles in the hospital, and compensation if applicable for time dedicated to preparedness.Methods:A structured survey was delivered by means of email to 109 Chairs of Emergency Medicine across the United States at academic medical centers. Unique email links were provided to track response rate and entered into REDCap database. Descriptive statistics were obtained, including roles in emergency preparedness, training, and compensation.Results:Forty-four of the 109 participants responded, resulting in a response rate of 40.4%. The majority held an administrative role in emergency preparedness. Formal training for the position (participants could select more than 1) included various avenues of education such as emergency medical services fellowship or in-person or online courses. Of the participants, most (93.18%) strongly agreed that it was important to have a physician with expertise in disaster medicine assisting with preparedness.Conclusions:The majority of responding academic medical center participants have taken an active role in hospital emergency preparedness. Education for the roles varied though, often consisted of courses from emergency management agencies. Volunteering their time for compensation was noted by 27.5%.
300,000 Counts of Aiding and Abetting Murder
Authors: Bernhart Fabian , Tanner Alexander , Ahmad Falaq , Galvano Joyce , Herde Tanja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMore than seventy years after the end of the Second World War, atrocities committed under the National Socialist regime still continue to occupy the courts in Germany. The recent case of Oscar Gröning raised a number of highly relevant legal issues, particularly with regard to the degree of participation in criminal offenses in general, and more specifically, with regard to the possible level of criminal liability of individuals who, as part of a large-scale “killing machinery”, were acting under the command of superiors and, as such, not directly involved in the acts of homicide which were perpetrated. Different theories pertaining to the level of participation are analyzed, and the German Federal Court’s decision in the Gröning case is dealt with in detail.
Drawing areal information from a corpus of noisy dialect data
Authors: Lameli Alfred , Glaser Elvira , Stöckle Philipp 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article is an analysis of linguistic survey data representing German dialects in Switzerland in 1933/34 based on the so-called Wenker sentences. The data are impressionistic in terms of applied phonetic transcriptions, which were produced by non-specialists using the Latin alphabet. Due to the lack of pre-defined standardization, the phonetic transcriptions are very heterogeneous. From a technical perspective, this leads to very noisy data, which is why the validity of the Wenker data in general and the Swiss Wenker data in particular has been questioned. Using methods from computational linguistics, we compare, for the first time, Wenker data with linguistic data collected at virtually the same time by linguistics professionals. Direct comparison with a sample from the published atlas of German-speaking Switzerland (SDS) reveals that despite the noisiness of the data, they nevertheless provide reliable information, e.g., in terms of the spatial structuring of Swiss dialects. The study is thus a successful pilot for other corpus-based studies dealing with unstructured Wenker data in other regions.
DETECTING STEINER AND LINEAR ISOMETRIES OPERADS
Authors: RUBIN JONATHAN 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the indexing systems that correspond to equivariant Steiner and linear isometries operads. When G is a finite abelian group, we prove that a G-indexing system is realized by a Steiner operad if and only if it is generated by cyclic G-orbits. When G is a finite cyclic group, whose order is either a prime power or a product of two distinct primes greater than 3, we prove that a G-indexing system is realized by a linear isometries operad if and only if it satisfies Blumberg and Hill’s horn-filling condition. We also repackage the data in an indexing system as a certain kind of partial order. We call these posets transfer systems, and develop basic tools for computing with them.
Performance, agronomic traits, ensilability and nutritive value of pearl millet cultivar harvested at different growth stages
Authors: Santos R. D. , Neves A. L. A. , Pereira L. G. R. , Sollenberger L. E. , Muniz E. N. , Souza E. Y. B. , Sobral A. J. S. , Costa N. V. , Gonçalves L. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) is an important crop for rainfed production systems and can play a significant role as a feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. It is well-established that the maturity stage can influence the chemical composition as well as the nutritional value of crops traditionally used for silage production, although quantitative evidence that this occurs with pearl millet under rainfed conditions is lacking. The current research assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of a Brazilian pearl millet cultivar (IPA BULK1-BF) harvested at four different growth stages. Forage was harvested at 35, 50, 65 and 80 days after sowing and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 24 male lambs. The results showed that dry matter (DM) and panicle and stem proportions increased with the advancement maturity. The silage evaluations showed that DM, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates and lignin concentrations increased, while crude protein, ADF and in vitro DM digestibility decreased with the increase in plant maturity. Additionally, the fermentation characteristics were improved with the increasing maturity. The digestion study showed that intake of DM and N as well as digestibility of DM and fibre fractions decreased, while lignin intake increased. The results obtained for the production of dry and digestible DM, the ratio of plant fractions and fermentation parameters indicate the possibility of harvesting pearl millet forage after 50 days after sowing for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region.
Can poverty alleviation programs crowd-in private support? Short- and Middle-Run Effects of a Conditional Cash Transfer Program on Inter-Household Transfers
Authors: GARCÍA SANDRA , CUARTAS JORGE 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have become an important component of social assistance in developing countries. CCTs, as well as other cash subsidies, have been criticized for allegedly crowding out private transfers. Whether social programs crowd out private transfers is an important question with worrisome implications, as private support represents an important fraction of households’ income and works as a risk sharing mechanism in developing countries. Furthermore, empirical evidence on the effect of public transfers on private transfers is mixed. This paper contributes to the literature by using a unique dataset from the quasi-experimental evaluation of a CCT in Colombia and an empirical strategy that allows us to correct for pre-existing differences between treated and control groups. Our results suggest that the public transfer did not crowd out private transfers, neither in the short-run nor in the middle-run. Instead, it increased the probability of receiving support in cash, in kind, and in non-paid labor from different private sources by approximately 10 percentage points. Moreover, we find that the monetary value of private transfers increased by 32-38% for treated households.
The generalisation of linguistic constructions in children with or without developmental language disorders
Authors: KRZEMIEN Magali , SERET Esther , MAILLART Christelle 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe generalisation of linguistic constructions is performed through analogical reasoning. Children with developmental language disorders (DLD) are impaired in analogical reasoning and in generalisation. However, these processes are improved by an input involving variability and similarity. Here we investigated the performance of children with or without DLD in a construction generalisation task. We also compared their performance following training with an input involving progressive alignment (combining similarity and variability) or high variability. Progressive alignment improves construction generalisation in children with or without DLD, which could have implications for our understanding of language development and for interventions conducted with children with DLD.
Detection and community-level identification of microbial mats in the McMurdo Dry Valleys using drone-based hyperspectral reflectance imaging
Authors: Levy Joseph , Cary S. Craig , Joy Kurt , Lee Charles K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe reflectance spectroscopic characteristics of cyanobacteria-dominated microbial mats in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) were measured using a hyperspectral point spectrometer aboard an unmanned aerial system (remotely piloted aircraft system, unmanned aerial vehicle or drone) to determine whether mat presence, type and activity could be mapped at a spatial scale sufficient to characterize inter-annual change. Mats near Howard Glacier and Canada Glacier (ASPA 131) were mapped and mat samples were collected for DNA-based microbiome analysis. Although a broadband spectral parameter (a partial normalized difference vegetation index) identified mats, it missed mats in comparatively deep (> 10 cm) water or on bouldery surfaces where mats occupied fringing moats. A hyperspectral parameter (B6) did not have these shortcomings and recorded a larger dynamic range at both sites. When linked with colour orthomosaic data, B6 band strength is shown to be capable of characterizing the presence, type and activity of cyanobacteria-dominated mats in and around MDV streams. 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction amplicon sequencing analysis of the mat samples revealed that dominant cyanobacterial taxa differed between spectrally distinguishable mats, indicating that spectral differences reflect underlying biological distinctiveness. Combined rapid-repeat hyperspectral measurements can be applied in order to monitor the distribution and activity of sentinel microbial ecosystems across the terrestrial Antarctic.
Outcome in depression (I): why symptomatic remission is not good enough
Authors: Demyttenaere Koen , Kiekens Glenn , Bruffaerts Ronny , Mortier Philippe , Gorwood Philip , Martin Lorcan , Di Giannantonio Massimo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Leuven Affect and Pleasure Scale (LAPS) is a depression outcome measure aiming to better reflect patient treatment expectations. We investigated the evolution of the LAPS and some comparator scales during antidepressant treatment and compared scores of remitters with scores of healthy controls.MethodsA total of 109 outpatients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) major depressive disorder were assessed over 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. At baseline and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the LAPS as well as the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) were administered. Healthy controls consisted of 38 Italian adults and 111 Belgian students.ResultsCorrelations between baseline positive and negative affect were only moderate (R between −0.20 and −0.41). LAPS positive affect and hedonic tone showed higher correlations with LAPS cognitive functioning, overall functioning, meaningfulness of life, and happiness than HAMD scores or PANAS negative affect. HAMD remission was associated with normal levels of LAPS negative affect but with significantly lower levels of LAPS positive affect, hedonic tone, cognitive functioning, overall functioning, meaningfulness of life, and happiness. The scores on the latter subscales only reached healthy control scores when the HAMD approached a score of 0 or 1.ConclusionsThe standard definition of remission (HAMD cutoff of 7) is probably adequate for remitting negative mood, but not good enough for recovering positive mood, hedonic tone, functioning, or meaningfulness of life.