bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative impacts of land‐use and climate change on grasshopper range shifts have changed over time
Authors: Poniatowski Dominik , Beckmann Christian , Löffler Franz , Münsch Thorsten , Helbing Felix , Samways Michael John , Fartmann Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimStopping the decline of biodiversity is one of today’s greatest challenges. To help address this, we require studies that disentangle the effects of the most important drivers behind species range losses and shifts. In this large‐scale study, we aim to evaluate the relative impacts of changes in land use and climate on distributional changes in grasshoppers.LocationCentral Europe.Time periodHistorical (pre‐1990 vs. 1990–1999); recent (1990–1999 vs. 2000–2017).Major taxa studiedOrthoptera (hereafter referred to as grasshoppers).MethodsWe used an advanced modelling approach within the framework of spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA) to calculate distributional changes of 58 grasshopper species based on > 100,000 aggregated observational records. Historical and recent range shifts were compared among four functional groups and analysed against: (a) the species temperature index (STI); and (b) the species farmland index (SFI).ResultsDuring the earlier historical period, most species suffered from large range losses, with habitat specialists declining more than generalists with equal mobility. Range retractions were related to species with high SFI values; that is, species associated with farmland having a high natural value. In contrast, during the recent period the distribution of less mobile species generally remained stable, whereas highly mobile species even expanded their ranges, irrespective of their habitat specificity. Additionally, range expansions occurred mostly among thermophilic species; that is, those with high STI values.Main conclusionsThis is the first large‐scale study world‐wide that quantifies both historical and recent range shifts of numerous grasshopper species. Our results suggest that historical range losses were mainly caused by severe loss of semi‐natural habitats pre‐1990. Recently, global warming has led to range expansions of several grasshopper species. The challenge now is to ensure the persistence of species that might not be able to evade future climate change owing to the increasing lack of suitable refuge habitats in intensive agricultural landscapes.
Treatment preferences in people with haemophilia A or caregivers of people with haemophilia A: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Fifer Simon , Kerr Annette M. , Parken Claire , Hamrosi Kim , Eid Samantha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe standard of care for people with haemophilia A (PwHA) is regular prophylactic therapy with Factor VIII. However, very little is known about the treatment preferences of PwHA with and without inhibitors, or their caregivers, when presented with the choice between intravenous and subcutaneous prophylactic treatments with different modes of action, side effect risk and frequency of administration.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment to assess the preferences of PwHA or their caregivers. The survey was conducted in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, France, Italy and the United Kingdom.ResultsThere were 56 respondents. The majority of PwHA had hereditary HA (78%) rather than spontaneous HA (22%). Most PwHA were diagnosed when they were under 12 months old (65%). The model identified two segments based on treatment preferences. There is heterogeneity between PwHA in their treatment preferences. People with and without inhibitors prefer to receive treatment via a subcutaneous injection compared to an intravenous infusion. However, for PwHA, efficacy is key; they value a reduction in the annual bleed rate. For those without inhibitors, this also includes a reduction in the risk of developing inhibitors. The side effect risk, administration risk and storage requirements were prioritised differently in each segment.ConclusionsResults from this study may inform decisions about the value of existing and new treatments for PwHA.
The societal burden of haemophilia A. I – A snapshot of haemophilia A in Australia and beyond
Authors: Brown Laurie J. , La Hai A. , Li Jinjing , Brunner Matthias , Snoke Martin , Kerr Annette M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionFew studies, both in Australia and overseas, have examined the social impacts of living with haemophilia A (HA) or the economic costs associated with the disorder. The purpose of this paper is to examine the epidemiology and societal burden of people with HA (PwHA) in Australia, with a particular focus on men with this disorder.MethodsThe epidemiology and societal burden of HA in Australia, with a particular focus on men with this disorder, were assessed, using data available in the Australian and international literature and publicly available data.ResultsThe mean annual prevalence of HA is approximately 1‐2 per 10 000 males. Prophylactic treatment is used in one‐quarter (25.1%) of people with moderate HA, and 82.2% of people with severe HA. Within the latter group, 16.1% have inhibitors for Factor VIII, predisposing them to worse morbidity, mortality and quality of life when compared to the non‐inhibitor population. Joint pain and joint disease occur commonly in PwHA, with up to 70% of adults with HA experiencing joint problems. HA is associated with poor physical health, and PwHA miss school and work due to bleeding‐related events.ConclusionHA is associated with substantial economic burden; with large differences in costs reported between countries. Overall, HA imposes a significant burden of disease on PwHA, their families and the community at large.
The trend of cutaneous lesions during COVID‐19 pandemic: lessons from a meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Rajan M. Bandhala , Kumar‐M Praveen , Bhardwaj Abhishek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBesides predominant respiratory and gastrointestinal manifestations, reports on cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19 patients are being noted increasingly.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19 patients.MethodsThis study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A detailed literature search was done in PubMed and Embase from December 1, 2019, till May 1, 2020. Studies reporting cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19 patients were included. Irrespective of the heterogeneity of data, a random effects model with inverse‐variance approach was used for pooling the prevalence using meta package in R version 3.6.2.ResultsOut of 15,143 articles, 2086 articles were selected for full‐text read. Forty‐three articles were selected for qualitative analysis, of which 10 articles (N = 1682) were included for meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence of overall cutaneous lesions was 5.69 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.87–15.98; I2 88%). The pooled prevalence of other outcome parameters were as follows: viral exanthem‐like presentation 4.15 (95% CI: 1.33–12.23; I2 88%), maculopapular rash 3.81 (95% CI: 1.02–13.18; I2 87%), vesiculobullous lesions 1.67 (95% CI: 0.70–3.96; I2 0%).ConclusionThe estimated prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19 was 5.69%. Other manifestations were urticaria, chilblain‐like lesions, livedo reticularis, and finger/toe gangrene. Although it is premature to conclude the prevalence of the cutaneous manifestations during this ongoing pandemic, our report may be a stimulating factor for the physicians to perform further vigilant streamlined reporting of cutaneous manifestations in COVID‐19 patients to estimate the final prevalence.
Effects of different nut oils on the structures and properties of gel‐like emulsions induced by ultrasound using soy protein as an emulsifier
Authors: Geng Mengjie , Hu Tan , Zhou Qi , Taha Ahmed , Qin Lang , Lv Wenhui , Xu Xiaoyun , Pan Siyi , Hu Hao 
Published: September 2020

SummaryGel‐like emulsions were produced by high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) emulsification using soy protein as an emulsifier. Sunflower (a seed kernel oil), peanut (a groundnut oil), hazelnut, walnut, almond and pine nut oils were chosen as oil phases. The kinds of nut oil significantly affect the structures and properties of gel‐like emulsions. The particle size of sunflower oil gel‐like emulsion was smallest. Moreover, the macrorheological and microrheological results indicated that the values of apparent viscosity, storage modulus (G′) and elasticity index (EI) of sunflower and almond oil gel‐like emulsions were higher while those of the walnut and pine nut oil gel‐like emulsions were lower. Moreover, the sunflower oil gel‐like emulsion was more stable after 2‐month storage. The current study illustrated that HIU was of great importance for the production of high‐viscosity gel‐like emulsions. Furthermore, the differences of nut oils resulted in diverse physicochemical properties of gel‐like emulsions.
La liberté syndicale dans l’industrie de la confection au Bangladesh, ou la schizophrénie de la réglementation du travail
Authors: RAHIM Mia Mahmudur , ISLAM Samidul 
Published: September 2020

RésuméLa liberté syndicale est indispensable à l'institution syndicale. Au Bangladesh, les dispositions qui protègent déjà ce principe restent inopérantes dans la confection. Les autorités doivent pouvoir s'appuyer sur un cadre législatif capable de promouvoir la syndicalisation dans le secteur. Pour les auteurs, ce cadre devrait mobiliser les compétences et ressources complémentaires des différents acteurs en présence (État, industriels locaux, syndicats et marques internationales) et les amener à s'engager et agir sur le long terme pour améliorer la situation des relations professionnelles dans l'industrie de la confection au Bangladesh, à la fois sous l'angle socio‐économique et sous l'angle politique.
Analysis of differentially expressed proteins affecting insecticidal protein content in Bt cotton under high‐temperature and water deficit stress using label‐free quantitation
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Tian Qiaofeng , Zhao Zixu , Dong Zhaodi , Chen Yuan , Chen Dehua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDifferently expression proteins under high‐temperature and drought stress were screened to investigate how stress affected the insecticidal protein content. These stresses decrease insecticidal protein, so the goal of this study was to provide a theoretical reference for maintaining the insect resistance of Bt cotton. The effect of high‐temperature and drought stress on differently expression protein in Bt cotton cultivar Sikang 3 was investigated using a label‐free quantitation method. Two treatments [40% field capacity and 38°C (HD) and 70% field capacity and 32°C (CK)] were imposed in a controlled environment. The results showed that high‐temperature and drought significantly degraded insecticidal protein content in bolls, with a decrease of 65.2 ng/g fresh weight (FW) compared to CK. The analysis of differently expression proteins with a label‐free quantitative proteomic approach showed that 83 proteins were significantly up‐regulated, but 104 proteins were significantly down‐regulated (Ratio > ±2, p value < 0.05) compared with CK. In addition, 122 new proteins were detected and 167 proteins were not detected. The analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways showed that 14 KEGG pathways, in which the difference expression proteins were enriched, were significantly affected and three KEGG pathways (carbohydrate digestion and absorption, protein export and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum) were related to protein synthesis. In the carbohydrate digestion and absorption pathway, the capacity of starch hydrolysis for HD increased, while the capacity to phosphorylate the hexoses, fructose and glucose decreased. In protein export pathway, the synthesis of peptide for HD was not significant affected, while the process of peptide transferred into the endoplasmic reticulum was confined. In the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathway, the capacity of ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis increased.
Effect of hypertriglyceridemia in dyslipidemia‐induced impaired glucose tolerance and sex differences in dietary features associated with hypertriglyceridemia among the Japanese population: The Gifu Diabetes Study
Authors: Nonoyama Yukiko , Yamamoto Mayumi , Oba Shino , Horikawa Yukio , Nagata Chisato , Yabe Daisuke , Takeda Jun ,   Gifu Diabetes Study Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe mechanisms underlying hypertriglyceridemia‐induced impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese individuals remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of hypertriglyceridemia on glucose metabolism in comparison with that of increased low‐density lipoprotein or decreased high‐density lipoprotein levels and to elucidate the sex differences in hypertriglyceridemia‐related dietary intake among Japanese individuals.Materials and MethodsWe randomly selected 898 (384 men and 514 women) participants aged 40–78 years in the Gifu Diabetes Study; those taking medication for dyslipidemia or diabetes mellitus were excluded. Serum levels of glucose metabolism parameters and the food frequency were measured cross‐sectionally. The glycated hemoglobin was measured again after 5 years.ResultsGlucose metabolism parameters and the percentage of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance were significantly higher in the high triglyceride group in men and women. Similar trends were observed in the low high‐density lipoprotein group, but only in men. Meanwhile, only the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was higher in the high low‐density lipoprotein group. In non‐obese men, the percentage of energy intake from alcohol per total daily energy intake was significantly greater in the high triglyceride group. In obese women, the total energy intake was significantly greater in the high triglyceride group. At the 5‐year follow up, the risk of elevated glycated hemoglobin levels with hypertriglyceridemia was increased in men.ConclusionsHypertriglyceridemia is a stronger risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance than increased low‐density lipoprotein or decreased high‐density lipoprotein. For dietary habits, increased daily alcohol energy intake in non‐obese men and increased total energy intake in obese women were associated with hypertriglyceridemia.
Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ranjbaran Hossein , Mohammadi Jobani Bahareh , Amirfakhrian Elham , Alizadeh‐Navaei Reza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionIn recent years, mesenchymal cellular therapies have received much attention in the treatment of diabetes. In this meta‐analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Central databases. A total of 1,721 articles were identified, from which nine full‐text clinical trials were qualified to enter the current meta‐analysis. The assessment groups included patients with type 2 diabetes, and levels of C‐peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin and insulin dose were analyzed before and after mesenchymal stem cell infusion. Data analysis was carried out in Stata version 11, and the Jadad Score Scale was applied for quality assessment.ResultsChanges in levels of C‐peptide after mesenchymal stem cell therapy were: standardized mean difference 0.20, 95% confidence interval −0.61 to 1.00, glycosylated hemoglobin levels were: standardized mean difference −1.45, 95% confidence interval −2.10 to −0.79 and insulin dose were: standardized mean difference −1.40, 95% confidence interval −2.88 to 0.09.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis of prospective studies showed associations between mesenchymal stem cell therapy and control of glucose level in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Estimating the economic returns to community‐level interventions that build resilience to flooding
Authors: Yaron Gil , Wilson Dave 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFlooding is among the largest economic costs of climate change and vulnerable communities in some of the poorest countries are particularly badly affected. Community‐planned interventions to build resilience to floods following climate shocks and stresses play a role in major global development programmes but evidence on their costs and benefits is limited. This paper presents a way of combining evidence from participatory methods to understand changes that have occurred with more formal economic modelling and can be widely used for community‐planned interventions to tackle flooding. We consider projects in flood‐affected communities in Myanmar implemented as part of the Department for International Development‐funded Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters programme and find estimated economic benefits over a 10‐year period (based on 12–18 months of postintervention data) are significantly greater than estimated costs. The highest returns accrue to relatively small‐scale infrastructure investments planned with communities and local government, drawing on donor finance with community contributions of labour.
Disorders of synaptic vesicle fusion machinery
Authors: Melland Holly , Arvell Elyas H. , Gordon Sarah L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe revolution in genetic technology has ushered in a new age for our understanding of the underlying causes of neurodevelopmental, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders, revealing that the presynaptic machinery governing synaptic vesicle fusion is compromised in many of these neurological disorders. This builds upon decades of research showing that disturbance to neurotransmitter release via toxins can cause acute neurological dysfunction. In this review, we focus on disorders of synaptic vesicle fusion caused either by toxic insult to the presynapse or alterations to genes encoding the key proteins that control and regulate fusion: the SNARE proteins (synaptobrevin, syntaxin‐1 and SNAP‐25), Munc18, Munc13, synaptotagmin, complexin, CSPα, α‐synuclein, PRRT2 and tomosyn. We discuss the roles of these proteins and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning neurological deficits in these disorders.image
Caspase inhibitor attenuates the shape changes in the alveolar ridge following tooth extraction: A pilot study in rats
Authors: Schwarze Uwe Yacine , Strauss Franz‐Josef , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine whether the inhibition of apoptosis via pan‐caspase inhibitors can attenuate the changes in the alveolar ridge upon tooth extraction.BackgroundCells undergoing apoptosis might play a central role in the onset of alveolar bone resorption and the ensuing bone atrophy following tooth extraction. Caspases are proteases that regulate apoptotic cell death. It is, therefore, reasonable to hypothesize that blocking apoptosis with pan‐caspase inhibitors attenuates the changes in the alveolar ridge following tooth extraction.MethodsIn 16 inbred rats, the mandibular first (M1) and second (M2) molars of one side were extracted. Following random allocation, the rats received either a cell‐permeable pan‐caspase inhibitor or diluent. After a healing period of 10 days, changes in shape and height of the alveolar ridge were examined using geometric morphometrics and linear measurements based on micro‐computed tomography.ResultsGeometric morphometric analysis revealed that the pan‐caspase inhibitor prevented major shape changes of the alveolar ridge following M1 tooth extraction (P < .05). Furthermore, linear measurements confirmed that the pan‐caspase inhibitor significantly prevented the atrophy of the alveolar ridge height following M1 tooth extraction compared to the diluent controls (−0.53 mm vs −0.24 mm; P = .012). M2 tooth extraction caused no shape changes of the alveolar ridge, and thus, the pan‐caspase inhibitor group did not differ from the control group (−0.14 mm vs −0.05 mm; P = .931).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the inhibition of apoptosis may attenuate shape changes of the alveolar ridge following M1 tooth extraction in rodents.
Molecular detection and identification of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from horses in Cuba
Authors: Díaz‐Sánchez A. A. , Chilton N. B. , Roblejo‐Arias L. , Fonseca‐Rodríguez O. , Marrero‐Perera R. , Diyes C. P. , Yunik M. E. M. , Lobo‐Rivero E. , Corona‐González B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae are obligatory intracellular bacteria that cause disease in humans and other animals. Ixodid ticks are the principal vectors of SFG rickettsiae. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and species identity of SFG rickettsiae in ticks and horses from urban and rural areas of western Cuba using PCR assays. Tick samples, collected from 79 horses, consisted of 14 Amblyomma mixtum adults, 111 Dermacentor nitens adults and 19 pools of D. nitens nymphs (2–5 individuals/pool). The PCR results revealed the presence of Rickettsia spp. in 64% of the A. mixtum adults, 16% of the D. nitens adults, and 11% of the pooled samples of D. nitens nymphs. In contrast, Rickettsia spp. was not detected in any of the 200 horse blood samples included in this study. DNA sequence data of the rickettsial 17 kDa antigen gene showed that Rickettsia amblyommatis was present in A. mixtum; and Rickettsia felis in D. nitens. This is the first report of R. felis in D. nitens in Cuba. The present study extends our knowledge of the potential vector spectrum and distribution of SFG rickettsiae pathogens in western Cuba.
Axenic in vitro cultivation of 19 peat moss (Sphagnum L.) species as a resource for basic biology, biotechnology, and paludiculture
Authors: Heck Melanie A. , Lüth Volker M. , van Gessel Nico , Krebs Matthias , Kohl Mira , Prager Anja , Joosten Hans , Decker Eva L. , Reski Ralf 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Sphagnum farming can substitute peat with renewable biomass and thus help mitigate climate change. Large volumes of the required founder material can only be supplied sustainably by axenic cultivation in bioreactors.

We established axenic in vitro cultures from sporophytes of 19 Sphagnum species collected in Austria, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, Russia, and Sweden: S. angustifolium, S. balticum, S. capillifolium, S. centrale, S. compactum, S. cuspidatum, S. fallax, S. fimbriatum, S. fuscum, S. lindbergii, S. medium/divinum, S. palustre, S. papillosum, S. rubellum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum, S. subnitens, S. subfulvum and S. warnstorfii. These species cover five of the six European Sphagnum subgenera; namely, Acutifolia, Cuspidata, Rigida, Sphagnum and Squarrosa.

Their growth was measured in suspension cultures, whereas their ploidy was determined by flow cytometry and compared with the genome size of Physcomitrella patens. We identified haploid and diploid Sphagnum species, found that their cells are predominantly arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and did not find a correlation between plant productivity and ploidy. DNA barcoding was achieved by sequencing introns of the BRK1 genes.

With this collection, high‐quality founder material for diverse large‐scale applications, but also for basic Sphagnum research, is available from the International Moss Stock Center.