bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arginine derivatives in atrial fibrillation progression phenotypes
Authors: Büttner Petra , Bahls Martin , Böger Rainer H. , Hindricks Gerhard , Thiele Holger , Schwedhelm Edzard , Kornej Jelena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Arginine, homoarginine (hArg), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) affect nitric oxide metabolism and altered concentrations are associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We analyzed these metabolites using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) (n = 241) with a focus on heart rhythm at blood withdrawal, AF progression phenotypes, and successful sinus rhythm (SR) restoration (n = 22). AF progression phenotypes were defined as paroxysmal AF with/without low voltage areas (LVA) and persistent AF with/without LVA. While arginine, ADMA, and hArg were within reference limits for healthy controls, SDMA was higher in the AF cohort (0.57 ± 0.12 vs. 0.53 μmol/L (97.5th percentile in reference cohort)). SR restoration in AF patients resulted in normalization of SDMA concentrations (0.465 ± 0.082 vs. 0.570 ± 0.134 μmol/L at baseline, p < 0.001). Patients with AF at the time of blood sampling had significantly lower hArg (1.65 ± 0.51 vs. 1.85 ± 0.60 μmol/L, p = 0.006) and higher ADMA concentrations (0.526 ± 0.08 vs. 0.477 ± 0.08 μmol/L, p < 0.001) compared with AF patients in SR. hArg concentrations were lower in patients with advanced AF progression phenotypes (persistent AF with LVA (p = 0.046)) independent of heart rhythm at blood sampling. Summarizing, arginine metabolism imbalance is associated with AF in general and AF progression and may contribute to associated risk.

Key messages
• Heart rhythm at blood withdrawal affects ADMA and hArg level in AF patients.
• SDMA is higher in AF patients.
• SDMA levels normalize after sinus rhythm restoration.
• hArg levels decrease in advanced AF progression phenotypes.
Optimizing the numerical algorithm in Fast Constant Engagement Offsetting Method for generating 2.5D milling tool paths
Authors: Jacso Adam , Szalay Tibor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the case of 2.5D rough milling operations, machining efficiency can significantly be increased by providing a uniform tool load. This is underpinned by the fact that uniform load has a positive effect on both tool life and machining time. Unfortunately, conventional contour-parallel tool paths are unable to guarantee uniform tool loads. However, nowadays there are some advanced path generation methods which can offer a constant tool load by controlling the cutter engagement angle. Yet, the spread of these non-equidistant offsetting methods is hindered by their dependence on complex calculations. As a solution to this problem, the Fast Constant Engagement Offsetting Method (FACEOM), developed in the scope of our previous study, is seen to be taking a step towards reducing computational needs. In this paper, suggestions for further improvements of FACEOM are presented. Decreasing the number of path points to be calculated is made possible by implementing adaptive step size and spline interpolation. Through simulation tests, it was also analysed which of the numerical methods utilized for solving boundary value problems can be applied to obtain the shortest calculation time during tool path generation. The practical applicability of the algorithm has been proved by cutting experiments. With respect to research results, this paper also describes how a tool path created by the algorithm can be adapted to controllers of CNC machine tools. Solutions presented in this paper can promote a wider application of a modern path generation method that ensures constant tool loads.
On Zipf’s law and the bias of Zipf regressions
Authors: Schluter Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCity size distributions are not strictly Pareto, but upper tails are rather Pareto like (i.e. tails are regularly varying). We examine the properties of the tail exponent estimator obtained from ordinary least squares (OLS) rank size regressions (Zipf regressions for short), the most popular empirical strategy among urban economists. The estimator is then biased towards Zipf’s law in the leading class of distributions. The Pareto quantile–quantile plot is shown to offer a simple diagnostic device to detect such distortions and should be used in conjunction with the regression residuals to select the anchor point of the OLS regression in a data-dependent manner. Applying these updated methods to some well-known data sets for the largest cities, Zipf’s law is now rejected in several cases.
Organophosphorus compounds and oximes: a critical review
Authors: Worek Franz , Thiermann Horst , Wille Timo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOrganophosphorus (OP) pesticides and nerve agents still pose a threat to the population. Treatment of OP poisoning is an ongoing challenge and burden for medical services. Standard drug treatment consists of atropine and an oxime as reactivator of OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and is virtually unchanged since more than six decades. Established oximes, i.e. pralidoxime, obidoxime, TMB-4, HI-6 and MMB-4, are of insufficient effectiveness in some poisonings and often cover only a limited spectrum of the different nerve agents and pesticides. Moreover, the value of oximes in human OP pesticide poisoning is still disputed. Long-lasting research efforts resulted in the preparation of countless experimental oximes, and more recently non-oxime reactivators, intended to replace or supplement the established and licensed oximes. The progress of this development is slow and none of the novel compounds appears to be suitable for transfer into advanced development or into clinical use. This situation calls for a critical analysis of the value of oximes as mainstay of treatment as well as the potential and limitations of established and novel reactivators. Requirements for a straightforward identification of superior reactivators and their development to licensed drugs need to be addressed as well as options for interim solutions as a chance to improve the therapy of OP poisoning in a foreseeable time frame.
Leibniz Gauge Theories and Infinity Structures
Authors: Bonezzi Roberto , Hohm Olaf 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe formulate gauge theories based on Leibniz(-Loday) algebras and uncover their underlying mathematical structure. Various special cases have been developed in the context of gauged supergravity and exceptional field theory. These are based on ‘tensor hierarchies’, which describe towers of p-form gauge fields transforming under non-abelian gauge symmetries and which have been constructed up to low levels. Here we define ‘infinity-enhanced Leibniz algebras’ that guarantee the existence of consistent tensor hierarchies to arbitrary level. We contrast these algebras with strongly homotopy Lie algebras ($$L_{\infty }$$

L
∞

algebras), which can be used to define topological field theories for which all curvatures vanish. Any infinity-enhanced Leibniz algebra carries an associated $$L_{\infty }$$

L
∞

algebra, which we discuss.
Comparison of Postoperative Quality of Life among Three Different Reconstruction Methods After Proximal Gastrectomy: Insights From the PGSAS Study
Authors: Yabusaki Hiroshi , Kodera Yasuhiro , Fukushima Norimasa , Hiki Naoki , Kinami Shinichi , Yoshida Masashi , Aoyagi Keishiro , Ota Shuichi , Hata Hiroaki , Noro Hiroshi , Oshio Atsushi , Nakada Koji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundProximal gastrectomy (PG) has become an increasingly preferred procedure for early cancer in the upper third of the stomach, owing to reportedly superior quality of life (QOL) after PG when compared with total gastrectomy. However, various methods of reconstruction have currently been proposed. We compared the postoperative QOL among the three different reconstruction methods after PG using the Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale‐45 (PGSAS‐45) questionnaire.MethodsPost Gastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Study (PGSAS), a nationwide multi‐institutional survey, was conducted to evaluate QOL using the PGSAS‐45 among various types of gastrectomy. Of the 2,368 eligible data from the PGSAS survey, data from 193 patients who underwent PG were retrieved and used in the current study. The PGSAS‐45 consists of 45 items including 22 original gastrectomy specific items in addition to the SF‐8 and GSRS. These were consolidated into 19 main outcome measures pertaining postgastrectomy symptoms, amount of food ingested, quality of ingestion, work, and level of satisfaction for daily work, and the three reconstruction methods (n = 193; 115 esophago‐gastrostomy [PGEG], 34 jejunal interposition [PGJI], and 44 jejunal pouch interposition [PGJPI]) were compared using PGSAS‐45.ResultsSize of the remnant stomach was significantly larger in PGEG, and significantly smaller in PGJI and PGJPI (P < 0.05). There was no difference in other patient background factors among the groups. EGJPI tended to be superior to PGEG in several of the 19 main outcome with marginal significance (P = 0.047–0.076).ConclusionPGJPI appears to be the most favorable of the three reconstruction methods after PG especially when the size of remnant stomach is rather small.Trial registration numberUMIN‐CTR #000002116 entitled as “A study to observe correlation between resection and reconstruction procedures employed for gastric neoplasms and development of postgastrectomy syndrome”
Surgical management of peripheral nerve sheath tumours in children, with special consideration of neurofibromatoses
Authors: Zipfel Julian , Al-Hariri Meizer , Gugel Isabel , Haas-Lude Karin , Grimm Alexander , Warmann Steven , Krimmel Michael , Mautner Victor-Felix , Tatagiba Marcos , Schuhmann Martin U. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Peripheral nerve sheath tumours in children are a rare and heterogeneous group, consisting mostly of benign tumours as well as malignant neoplasms. Especially in the paediatric population, diagnostics and indication for therapy pose relevant challenges for neurosurgeons and paediatric neurologists alike. Most paediatric cases that need surgical intervention are associated to neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all paediatric cases treated at the Department of Neurosurgery in Tübingen between 2006 and 2017 for peripheral nerve sheath tumours. We analysed clinical signs, symptoms, histology, association to an underlying phacomatosis and sensory/motor function.

Results
Of the 82 identified patients, the majority had NF1 (76.8%). Nine children bore a sporadic tumour without underlying phacomatosis (11%), 8 had NF2 (9.8%) and 2 schwannomatosis (2.4%), A total of 168 surgical interventions were performed, and 206 tumours were removed. Indication for surgery was in most instances significant tumour growth (45.2%) followed by pain (33.9%). New deficits led to surgery in 12.5% of interventions; malignancy was suspected in 8.3%. Histopathology revealed mostly neurofibromas (82.5%), divided into cutaneous neurofibromas (10.7%), infiltrating plexiform neurofibromas (25.7%) and peripheral nerve-born neurofibromas (46.1%). 12.1% of tumours were schwannomas, 2.9% MPNST, 1.5% ganglioneuroma (n = 3) and 1 hybrid-neurofibroma and perineurinoma each. Leading symptoms, such as pain and motor and sensory deficits, improved after 125/166 interventions (74.4%), remained unchanged following 39 interventions (23.2%) and worsened in 4 occasions (2.4%).

Conclusion
Surgery is safe and effective for (neurofibromatosis associated) peripheral nerve sheath tumours in the paediatric population; however, management needs a multidisciplinary setting. We propose early surgical resection in paediatric patients with peripheral nerve sheath tumours with significant growth, or pain, or motor deficit, or suspected malignancy.
Pre- and postoperative need for pituitary hormone replacement in non-adenomatous sellar and parasellar lesions: importance of the sellar encroachment score
Authors: Waqar Mueez , Rampersad Shiva , Bennett David , Kearney Tara , Gnanalingham Kanna K. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Pre-/postoperative pituitary endocrine deficiencies in patients with sellar/parasellar non-adenomatous lesions are poorly described and studies have not considered the effect of sellar invasion on endocrine outcome. The aim of this study was to relate the need for pituitary hormone replacement pre-/postoperatively, with sellar invasion, in non-adenomatous sellar/parasellar lesions.

Methods
Single-centre review of adults with histologically confirmed non-adenomatous sellar/parasellar lesion and follow-up ≥ 3 months or until postop radiotherapy. Pituitary dysfunction was defined by hormone replacement. The sellar encroachment score (0–6) was calculated as the sum of the thirds of radiological encroachment into the sellar region in the coronal and sagittal planes. Multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with pituitary hormone replacement.

Results
One hundred and seventeen patients were included with a median age of 49 years (range 16–84 years) and median follow-up of 13 months. Surgery was trans-sphenoidal (53%), trans-cranial (36%) or a combination (11%). The commonest histology types were meningioma (n = 33, 28%) and craniopharyngioma (n = 20, 17%). The median sellar encroachment score was 6 (range 0–6). Most (n = 86, 74%) did not require pituitary hormone replacement preoperatively. The need for pituitary hormones increased after surgery in 41 (35%) patients. In multivariate analysis, the sellar encroachment score was the only factor predictive of pre- (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2–5.5; p = 0.01) and postoperative risk of new pituitary hormone replacement (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.7–10.1, p = 0.002).

Conclusion
A significant proportion of these patients present with need for pituitary hormone replacement that may worsen postoperatively. The degree of sellar encroachment is predictive of pituitary hormone replacement status pre-/postoperatively.
The effect of lipoxin A4 on E. coli LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Ali Muhanad , Kucko Nathan , Jansen John A. , Yang Fang , Walboomers X. Frank 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of lipoxin-type A4 (LXA4) on bacterial-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Material and methods
Human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in coculture with osteoclast precursors (RAW264.7 cells) were exposed to bacterial stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation. After 24 h, cells were treated to 100 ng/ml of LXA4 and 50 ng/ml of forymul peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) receptor antagonist (Boc-2). After 5 days, osteoclastic resorptive activity was assessed on calcium phosphate (CaP) synthetic bone substitute. Additionally, osteoclastic differentiation was evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TRAP enzymatic activity assay, and on the expression of osteoclast-specific genes.

Results
We found that stimulation of in the osteoclasts with LPS-stimulated PDLCs induced a significant increase in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells, higher resorptive activity, and enhanced expression of specific genes. Meanwhile, LXA4-treatment exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity, and was able to reverse these inflammatory effects.

Conclusions
We conclude that (1) PDLCs are a potential target for treating bacterial-induced bone resorption in patients with periodontal disease, and (2) LXA4 is a suitable candidate for such therapy.

Clinical relevance
The results prove that lipoxins have a protective role in bacterial-induced periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption, which can be translated into a clinical beneficial alterative treatment.
Predicting ADHD symptoms and diagnosis at age 14 from objective activity levels at age 7 in a large UK cohort
Authors: Brandt Valerie , Patalay Praveetha , Kerner auch Koerner Julia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHyperactivity is one of the three core symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Diagnosing ADHD typically involves self-report, third party report and observations. Objective activity data can make a valuable contribution to the diagnostic process. Small actigraphy studies in clinical samples have shown that children with ADHD move more than children without ADHD. However, differences in physical activity between children with and without ADHD have not been assessed in large community samples or longitudinally. This study used data from the Millennium Cohort Study to test whether symptoms of ADHD (parent-rating Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and ADHD diagnosis at age 14 (reported by parents) could be predicted from objective activity data (measured with actigraphs) at age 7 in N = 6675 children (final N = 5251). Regressions showed that less sedentary behavior at age 7 predicted more ADHD symptoms at age 14 (β =  − 0.002, CI  − 0.004 to  − 0.001). The result remained significant when controlled for ADHD symptoms at age 7, sex, BMI, month of birth, SES and ethnicity (β  =  − 0.001, CI  − 0.003 to  − 0.0003). ADHD diagnosis at age 14 was also significantly predicted by less sedentary behavior at age 7 (β  =  − 0.008). Our findings show that symptoms of ADHD can be predicted by objective activity data 5 years in advance and suggest that actigraphy could be a useful instrument aiding an ADHD diagnosis. Interestingly, the results indicate that the key difference between children with and without ADHD lies in reduced sedentary activity, i.e., times of rest.
Finding and verifying the nucleolus of cooperative games
Authors: Benedek Márton , Fliege Jörg , Nguyen Tri-Dung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe nucleolus offers a desirable payoff-sharing solution in cooperative games, thanks to its attractive properties—it always exists and lies in the core (if the core is non-empty), and it is unique. The nucleolus is considered as the most ‘stable’ solution in the sense that it lexicographically minimizes the dissatisfactions among all coalitions. Although computing the nucleolus is very challenging, the Kohlberg criterion offers a powerful method for verifying whether a solution is the nucleolus in relatively small games (i.e. with the number of players $$n \le 15$$

n
≤
15

). This approach, however, becomes more challenging for larger games because of the need to form and check a criterion involving possibly exponentially large collections of coalitions, with each collection potentially of an exponentially large size. The aim of this work is twofold. First, we develop an improved version of the Kohlberg criterion that involves checking the ‘balancedness’ of at most $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

sets of coalitions. Second, we exploit these results and introduce a novel descent-based constructive algorithm to find the nucleolus efficiently. We demonstrate the performance of the new algorithms by comparing them with existing methods over different types of games. Our contribution also includes the first open-source code for computing the nucleolus for games of moderately large sizes.
Management of pineal region tumors in a pediatric case series
Authors: Schulz Matthias , Afshar-Bakshloo Melissa , Koch Arend , Capper David , Driever Pablo Hernáiz , Tietze Anna , Grün Arne , Thomale Ulrich-Wilhelm 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPineal region tumors commonly present with non-communicating hydrocephalus. These heterogeneous histological entities require different therapeutic regimens. We evaluated our surgical experience concerning procurance of a histological diagnosis, management of hydrocephalus, and choice of antitumoral treatment. We analyzed the efficacy of neuroendoscopic biopsy and endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy (ETV) in patients with pineal region tumors between 2006 and 2019 in a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study with regard to diagnostic yield, hydrocephalus treatment, as well as impact on further antitumoral management. Out of 28 identified patients, 23 patients presented with untreated hydrocephalus and 25 without histological diagnosis. One patient underwent open biopsy, and 24 received a neuroendoscopic biopsy with concomitant hydrocephalus treatment if necessary. Eighteen primary ETVs, 2 secondary ETVs, and 2 ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) were performed. Endoscopic biopsy had a diagnostic yield of 95.8% (23/24) and complication rates of 12.5% (transient) and 4.2% (permanent), respectively. ETV for hydrocephalus management was successful in 89.5% (17/19) with a median follow-up of more than 3 years. Following histological diagnosis, 8 patients (28.6%) underwent primary resection of their tumor. Another 9 patients underwent later-stage resection after either adjuvant treatment (n = 5) or for progressive disease during observation (n = 4). Eventually, 20 patients received adjuvant treatment and 7 were observed after primary management. One patient was lost to follow-up. Heterogeneity of pineal region tumor requires histological confirmation. Primary biopsy of pineal lesions should precede surgical resection since less than a third of patients needed primary surgical resection according to the German pediatric brain tumor protocols. Interdisciplinary decision making upfront any treatment is warranted in order to adequately guide treatment.
Preoperative meloxicam versus postoperative meloxicam for pain control, patients’ satisfaction and function recovery in hip osteoarthritis patients who receive total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Ren Lingyun , Meng Li , Yan Hong , Sun Wei , Yao Dan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the analgesic effect, patients’ satisfaction, tolerance and hip-joint function recovery by preoperative meloxicam versus postoperative meloxicam in treating hip osteoarthritis (OA) patients receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA). 132 hip OA patients who underwent THA surgery were allocated into postoperative analgesia (POST) and preoperative analgesia (PRE) groups at a 1:1 ratio. In the PRE group, patients took meloxicam 15 mg at 24 h pre-operation, 7.5 mg at 4 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-operation; in the POST group, patients received meloxicam 15 mg at 4 h post-operation, then 7.5 mg at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-operation. Furthermore, postoperative pain, consumption of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), overall satisfaction and adverse events were evaluated within 96 h post-operation; meanwhile, Harris hip score was assessed within 6 months post-operation. Pain VAS at rest at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and pain VAS at passive movement at 6 h, 12 h were decreased in PRE group compared to POST group. In addition, additional consumption of PCA and the total consumption of PCA were both reduced in PRE group compared to POST group. Additionally, overall satisfaction in PRE group was higher at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h compared to POST group. While Harris hip score was of no difference between POST group and PRE group at M3 or M6. Besides, no difference in adverse events incidence was found between the two groups. In conclusion, preoperative meloxicam achieves better efficacy and similar tolerance compared to postoperative meloxicam in hip OA patients post THA.