bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix-trapped viruses can protect bacterial biofilms from invasion by colonizing cells
Authors: Bond Matthew C. , Vidakovic Lucia , Singh Praveen K. , Drescher Knut , Nadell Carey D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBacteria often live in the context of spatially restricted groups held together by a self-secreted, adhesive extracellular matrix. These groups, termed biofilms, are likely where many phage-bacteria encounters occur. A number of recent studies have documented that phages can be trapped in the outer matrix layers of biofilms, such that the bacteria inside are protected from exposure. It is not known, however, what might happen after this: are the trapped phages still viable on the biofilm exterior? If so, do they pose a threat to newly arriving cells that might otherwise colonize the existing biofilm? Here we set out to address these questions using a biofilm-producing strain ofEscherichia coliand its lytic phage T7. Prior work has demonstrated that T7 phages are trapped in the outermost layers of curli polymers within theE. colimatrix. We show that these phages do remain viable and kill incoming colonizing cells so long as they are T7-susceptible. If colonizing cells arrive to the outside of a resident biofilm before phages do, they can still be killed by phage exposure if it occurs soon thereafter. However, if colonizing cells are present on the biofilm long enough before phage exposure, they gain phage protection via envelopment within curli-producing clusters of the resident biofilm cells. This work establishes that phages trapped in the outer matrix layers of a resident biofilm can be incidentally weaponized as a mode of protection from competition by newly arriving cells that might otherwise colonize the biofilm exterior.
Exon Junction Complex dependent mRNA localization is linked to centrosome organization during ciliogenesis
Authors: Kwon Oh Sung , Mishra Rahul , Safieddine Adham , Coleno Emeline , Alasseur Quentin , Faucourt Marion , Barbosa Isabelle , Bertrand Edouard , Spassky Nathalie , Hir Hervé Le 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExon junction complexes (EJC) mark untranslated spliced mRNAs and are crucial for the mRNA lifecycle. An imbalance in EJC dosage alters mouse neural stem cell (mNSC) division and is linked to human neurodevelopmental disorders. In quiescent mNSC and immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE1) cells, centrioles form a basal body for ciliogenesis. Here, we report that EJCs accumulate at basal bodies of mNSC or RPE1 cells and decline when these cells differentiate or resume growth. A high-throughput smFISH screen identifies two transcripts accumulating at centrosomes in quiescent cells,NINandBICD2. In contrast toBICD2, the localization ofNINtranscripts is EJC-dependent.NINmRNA encodes a core component of centrosomes required for microtubule nucleation and anchoring. We find that EJC down-regulation impairs both pericentriolar material organization and ciliogenesis. An EJC-dependent mRNA trafficking towards centrosome and basal bodies might contribute to proper mNSC division and brain development.
Short-lived alpha power suppression induced by low-intensity arrhythmic rTMS
Authors: Zmeykina Elina , Mittner Matthias , Paulus Walter , Turi Zsolt 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to provide a better understanding of the role of electric field strength in the production of aftereffects in resting state scalp electroencephalography by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in humans. We conducted two separate experiments in which we applied rTMS over the left parietal-occipital region. Prospective electric field simulation guided the choice of the individual stimulation intensities. In the main experiment, 16 participants received rhythmic and arrhythmic rTMS bursts at between ca. 20 and 50 mv/mm peak absolute electric field intensities. In the control experiment, another group of 16 participants received sham rTMS. To characterize the aftereffects, we estimated the alpha power (8-14 Hz) changes recorded in the inter-burst intervals, i.e., from 0.2 to 10 seconds after rTMS. We found aftereffects lasting up to two seconds after stimulation with ca. 35 mV/mm. Relative to baseline, alpha power was significantly reduced by the arrhythmic protocol, while there was no significant change with the rhythmic protocol. However, we found no significant long-term, i.e., up to 10-second, differences between the rhythmic and arrhythmic stimulation, or between the rhythmic and sham protocols. Weak arrhythmic rTMS induced short-lived alpha suppression during the inter-burst intervals.
The role of parvalbumin interneuron GIRK signaling in regulation of affect and cognition in male and female mice
Authors: Anderson EM , Demis S , D’Acquisto H , Engelhardt A , Hearing M 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPathological impairments in the regulation of affect (i.e. emotion) and flexible decision-making are commonly observed across numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and are thought to reflect dysfunction of cortical and subcortical circuits that arise in part from imbalances in excitation and inhibition within these structures. Disruptions in GABA transmission, in particular that from parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVI), has been highlighted as a likely mechanism by which this imbalance arises, as they regulate excitation and synchronization of principle output neurons. G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium ion (GIRK/Kir3) channels are known to modulate excitability and output of pyramidal neurons in areas like the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, however the role GIRK plays in PVI excitability and behavior is unknown. Male and female mice lacking GIRK1 in PVI (Girk1flox/flox:PVcre) and expressing td-tomato in PVI (Girk1flox/flox:PVCre:PVtdtom) exhibited increased open arm time in the elevated plus maze, while males showed an increase in immobile episodes during the forced swim test. Loss of GIRK1 did not alter motivated behavior for an appetitive reward or impair overall performance in an operant-based attention set-shifting model of cognitive flexibility, however it did alter types of errors committed during the visual cue test. Unexpectedly, baseline sex differences were also identified in these tasks, with females exhibiting overall poorer performance compared to males and distinct types of errors, highlighting potential differences in task-related problem solving. Interestingly, reductions in PVI GIRK signaling did not correspond to changes in membrane excitability but did increase action potential firing at higher current injections in PVI of males, but not females. This is the first investigation on the role that PVI GIRK-signaling has on membrane excitability, action potential firing, and their role on affect and cognition together increasing understanding of PVI cellular mechanisms and function.
Linking Enzyme Upregulation to Autophagic Failure: A Potential Biomarker for GM1 Gangliosidosis
Authors: Smith Sarah , Larsen Jessica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith an increasing aging population, neurodegenerative diseases are having an increased impact on society. Typically, these diseases are diagnosed significantly past symptom onset, decreasing the possibility of effective treatment. A non-invasive biomarker and specific target are needed to diagnose and treat the disease before late-stage symptoms. GM1 Gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disease where lysosomal enzyme β-galactosidase is missing. As a result, GM1 ganglioside is not broken down and accumulates in the cell, ultimately leading to cell death. One of the main aspects of GM1 Gangliosidosis, and other neurodegenerative diseases, is impaired autophagy: reduced fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes to degrade cellular waste.In this paper, we show that healthy cells (NSV3) have approximately 13 times more co-localization of lysosomes and autophagosomes than GM1 Gangliosidosis-diseased cells (GM1SV3), as demonstrated via immunofluorescence. GM1SV3 fold normal enzyme activity of β-galactosidase was downregulated while mannosidase, and hexosaminidase A were both upregulated. When inducing impaired autophagy in NSV3 via starvation, co-localization gradually decreases with increased starvation time. Most notably, after 48-hour starvation, healthy cells (NSV3) showed no significant difference in co-localization compared to GM1SV3. NSV3 under starvation conditions showed a significant increase between time starved and fold normal enzyme activity, with a positive correlation being observed. Activities of mannosidase, and hexosaminidase A of starved NSV3 closely resemble, and surpass, GM1SV3 after 12-hour starvation.These observations have the potential to expand the conversation regarding impaired autophagy as a potential biomarker for disease progression and diagnostics and as a treatment target.
Academic excellence as a determinant of self-confidence among graduates of ODL programs
Authors: Sembiring Maximus Gorky 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study envisioned plausible influential factors on service quality and academic excellence relatable to graduate self-confidence in an open distance learning (ODL) outlook. The objective was to expose the moderating role of academic excellence (graduate satisfaction) between service quality and self-confidence (engagement, achievement, loyalty and opportunity, EALO). It was also of interest to explore how, in what routines factors involved interrelated.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized exploratory design. Qualitatively, service quality included acclimation, advising, module, tutorial, assessment, feedback and referral factors. Service quality led to academic excellence (GPA, study length, relevance and recognition). Besides, academic excellence influenced self-confidence. Quantitatively, service quality, academic excellence and self-confidence were the independent, moderating and dependent variables. Respondents were randomly selected through a survey of eligible Universitas Terbuka alumni.Findings11 hypotheses were assessed under structural-equation modeling (SEM). Responses from 122 out of 500 graduates were completed. Eight hypotheses were validated by the analysis. The tutorial was the most influential factor followed by module, assessment and acclimation; advising, feedback and referral were excluded. Academic excellence also led to self-confidence. The study was able to visualize a substantial role of academic excellence in moderating service quality to EALO. Besides, important-performance analysis and customer-satisfaction index (IPA-CSI) recognized 21 out of 32 attributes as the pillars of academic excellence.Originality/valueThree of the hypotheses were invalidated by the quantitative analysis. Further inquiry with much broader coverage is then required to diminish the variance to finally find the ideal framework.
A qualitative longitudinal study of the first UK Dual Diagnosis Anonymous (DDA), an integrated peer-support programme for concurrent disorders
Authors: Milani Raffaella Margherita , Nahar Keisha , Ware Daniel , Butler Alan , Roush Sean , Smith Doyal , Perrino Luisa , O’Donnell John 
Published: October 2020

PurposeDual Diagnosis Anonymous (DDA) is a peer-led programme developed in the USA, which aims to address mental and addictive disorders in an integrated manner. This study is part of a mixed-methods evaluation of the first DDA pilot in the UK, and the purpose of this study is to explore the impact and mechanism of change of the programme through the perspective of DDA attendees, facilitators and the funding commissioners.Design/methodology/approachSix DDA members were interviewed three times over a period of 12 months, the facilitators were interviewed twice and the commissioner was interviewed once. The qualitative longitudinal data were analysed using a trajectory thematic analysis.FindingsDDA attendance was perceived to have had a positive impact on five main areas: acceptance of self, of others and from others; social functioning; self-development; recovery progression; and feeling of hope. The possibility of addressing both mental health and addiction at the same time was a key factor in the recovery process. The facilitators observed that DDA had contributed to integrate members into employment and education, while the commissioner stressed the importance of joint commissioning and sustainability.Originality/valueThe longitudinal approach provided a unique insight into the recovery process of DDA members. Being able to address the mental health as well as the substance use problems was considered to be a fundamental strength of DDA in comparison to the single purpose peer-support fellowships.
Person-organization fit and organization citizenship behavior: modeling the work engagement as a mediator
Authors: Ashfaq Bilal , Hamid Aatir 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of person-organization (PO) fit on work engagement (WE). The paper also explores the relationships among WE, organization citizenship behavior-individual (OCBI) and organization citizenship behavior-organization (OCBO). Lastly, the study analyzes the mediating effect of WE between PO fit and OCBI/OCBO.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, a questionnaire has been designed and survey data has been collected from 280 frontline employees of private banks in Pakistan. The partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique has been employed to analyze the data and for testing the study hypotheses.FindingsFindings show the positive relationship of PO fit with WE, and the positive relationship of WE with OCBI/OCBO. It is also seen that WE mediate the relationship between PO fit and OCBI/OCBO.Originality/valueNo prior study tests the mediation of WE between PO fit and OCBI/OCBO. Further, organization citizenship behavior (OCB) has mostly been studied as a single construct; however, the current study discussed the individual and organizational aspects of OCB with PO fit and WE.
Effect of R&D subsidies and tax credits on the innovative processes of Chilean firms
Authors: Mardones Cristian , Ávila Florencia 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of research and development (R&D) subsidies and tax credits on the innovative processes of Chilean firms.Design/methodology/approachProbit and tobit models for pseudo-panel with instrumental variables are estimated using data from different versions of the Innovation Survey covering the period 2007–2016.FindingsThe results show that R&D subsidies and tax credits have a statistically significant and positive effect on the probability of performing internal and external R&D, but do not affect the intensity of R&D spending, reflecting a crowding-out effect on private funds of both instruments. On the other hand, firms that simultaneously receive R&D subsidies and tax credits have a lower percentage of innovative sales. Furthermore, there are not effects statistically significant of the R&D subsidies and/or tax credits on the number of intellectual property rights applications.Originality/valueIt is concluded that both instruments have not been effective to encourage innovative outputs in Chilean firms.
"Workplace learning in the IT sector: building a case for investment”
Authors: Dave Priyanka , Sinha Anamika , Varkkey Biju 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The paper attempts to establish cause and effect between an individual's motivation to learn, workplace learning and the in-role job performance of IT professionals

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses descriptive design, with a convenience sample of 531 respondents and uses Sobel's test to test for the mediating effect of Workplace learning on an individual’s motivation to learn and in-role job performance

Findings
It is found that individuals negotiate their own learning and development strategies. If HR designs on workplace learning are well designed, an individual's own motivation may have very little impact on job performance. However, workplace learning initiatives impact job performance very significantly. 10; 10;It was found that Workplace learning interventions significantly impact the relation between an individual’s motivation to learn and in-role performance. Independently, motivation to learn has very little predictability on job performance, but facilitated through workplace learning, it explains 23% of job performance. Work place learning on its own predicts 45% of job performance. An individual's motivation to learn predicts workplace learning by 36%. 10.

Practical implications
These findings can be used as a guide for HR professionals to negotiate training and learning designs, including informal and incidental learning initiatives in a holistic design. It can be used as a secondary source to build a case for training and learning investment.

Originality/value
This is one of the first studies that has used Sobel's test for studying the mediation effects of Workplace learning on motivation to learn and in-role job performance of professionals in the Indian IT industry. The statistically significant results are an indication for industry leaders to take an action toward improving the learning architecture of firms using a blended approach to formal, informal and incidental learning interventions.
The interplay effects of skill-enhancing human resources practices, customer orientation and tourism SMEs performance
Authors: Domi Shpresim , Domi Fabjola 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the interplay of skill-enhancing human resources practices, customer orientation (CO) and tourism small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) performance indicators.

Design/methodology/approach
Data for 194 valid cases are gathered through face-to-face techniques in Albanian tourism SMEs. Structural equation modeling is implemented to analyze data and test the hypothesis proposed.

Findings
Overall, both skill-enhancing human resources (HR) practices (i.e. recruitment/selection and training) are not associated with SMEs performance. Results suggest that using HR selection/recruitment practices are not associated to SME’s CO. Contrary, implementing skill-enhancing HR training practices is significant for SMEs strategy to focus and address customers’ wants and needs. Finally, it was found that the CO mediates the relationship between skill-enhancing HR training practices and performance, but this was not true on the skill-enhancing HR recruitment/selection practices-performance relationship.

Originality/value
This study makes contributions by further informing the debate about the direct and indirect link between skill-enhancing HR practices and performance. Additionally, it examines the precise role of the skill-enhancing HR practice on SMEs’ culture and or strategy to create value for customers.
Board's characteristics, ownership's nature and corporate tax aggressiveness: new evidence from the Tunisian context
Authors: Boussaidi Ahmed , Hamed-Sidhom Mounira 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis study sheds light on the determinants related to the corporate board of directors and the firms’ ownership nature of tax aggressiveness strategies of Tunisian listed firms and what could be their effect on its level in a postrevolution context.Design/methodology/approachOur research considers only nonfinancial firms listed in the Tunisian stock exchange during the 2011–2017 period. It is based on unbalanced panel data.FindingsFindings suggest that women presence on the corporate board, CEO duality, the managerial and institutional ownership regularize significantly the level and the management's behavior of engagement in tax aggressiveness practices and reduce the firm’s overall risks of its consequences in terms of tax positions stability.Research limitations/implicationsOur investigation considers only nonfinancial firms to avoid noisy results and for the significant differences between accounting standards within financial and nonfinancial firms, besides sample homogeneity and comparability considerations.Practical implicationsThis study provides evidence that some governance mechanisms, even reasonably dedicated to consider the risk of tax aggressiveness and to prevent its consequences, have a paradoxical effect and amplify the tax aggressiveness’ level rather than defending the firm’s viability and its financial stability. It offers signals to managers about specific governance attributes that strengthen and/or control the extent of tax aggressive strategies.Social implicationsThis research gives a particular road map for society, investors and practitioners to depict the firms’ level of tax aggressiveness and especially to understand its attributes related to the corporate board of directors and the ownership's nature through evidences from a postrevolution context.Originality/valueOur research contributes to prior literature by examining the effect of corporate board characteristics and different ownership natures on the extent of tax aggressiveness during and after the revolution period in Tunisia and confirms and infers some prior findings of tax aggressive determinants in underdevelopment context.
Examination of instructors' experiences for the use of learning analytics
Authors: Erdemci Hüsamettin , Karal Hasan 
Published: October 2020

PurposeLearning analytics enable learning to be reorganized through collecting, analyzing and reporting the stored data in online learning environment. One of the important agents of education process is the instructors. How the use of learning analytics within education process is evaluated by the instructors is important. The purpose of this study is to determine the experiences of instructors in relation to the use of learning analytics.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, data were collected from instructors through interviews to determine the reflections of learning analytics on the education process. While qualitative study method was adopted, phenomenological design was used.FindingsAs a result of analysis of findings, it was concluded that the use of learning analytics in the education process was beneficial. It was established that learning analytics were helpful in the self-assessment of instructors' performances, making early intervention to risky students and creating a lesson plan.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was carried out in a foreign language course and with five academicians during one semester.Practical implicationsThis study aims to reveal the experiences of the instructors on the use of learning analytics and present scientific findings on a subject on which a limited number of studies have been conducted. With the start of learning analytics' use in the educational process, some concerns have been raised. This study tries to respond to the various concerns of instructors who intend to use learning analytics in the process.Originality/valueThe use of learning analytics is gradually increasing. In the studies conducted, it is seen that the studies have focused on the effect of learning analytics on the learning outputs of students. It is important to determine how instructors, who are the other important elements of the process, make use of learning analytics and how their experiences regarding the use of learning analytics are. The focal point of this study is to reveal the impact of learning analytics on the education process from the perspective of instructors.