bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological primitives can make sense of biopsychosocial factor complexity in psychopathology
Authors: Franklin Joseph C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany agree that the biopsychosocial contributions to psychopathology are complex, yet it is unclear how we can make sense of this complexity. One approach is to reduce this complexity to a few necessary and sufficient biopsychosocial factors; although this approach is easy to understand, it has little explanatory power. Another approach is to fully embrace complexity, proposing that each instance of psychopathology is caused by a partially unique set of biopsychosocial factors; this approach has high explanatory power, but is impossible to comprehend. Due to deficits in either explanatory power or comprehensibility, both approaches limit our ability to make substantial advances in understanding, predicting, and preventing psychopathology. Thus, how can we make sense of biopsychosocial factor complexity?Main textThere is a third possible approach that can resolve this dilemma, with high explanatory power and high comprehensibility. This approach involves understanding, predicting, and preventing psychopathology in terms of a small set of psychological primitives rather than biopsychosocial factors. Psychological primitives are the fundamental and irreducible elements of the mind, mediating all biopsychosocial factor influences on psychopathology. All psychological phenomena emerge from these primitives. Over the past decade, this approach has been successfully applied within basic psychological science, most notably affective science. It explains the sum of the evidence in affective science and has generated several novel research directions. This approach is equally applicable to psychopathology. The primitive-based approach does not eliminate the role of biopsychosocial factors, but rather recasts them as indeterminate causal influences on psychological primitives. In doing so, it reframes research away from factor-based questions (e.g., which situations cause suicide?) and toward primitive-based questions (e.g., how are suicidality concepts formed, altered, activated, and implemented?). This is a valuable shift because factor-based questions have indeterminate answers (e.g., infinite situations could cause suicide) whereas primitive-based questions have determinate answers (e.g., there are specific processes that undergird all concepts).ConclusionThe primitive-based approach accounts for biopsychosocial complexity, ties clinical science more directly to basic psychological science, and could facilitate progress in understanding, predicting, and preventing psychopathology.
Kawasaki disease triggered by EBV virus in a child with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Maggio Maria Cristina , Fabiano Carmelo , Corsello Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Familial Mediterranean Fever is a monogenic autoinflammatory disease, secondary to mutation of MEFV gene, and typically expressed with recurrent attacks of fever, serositis, rash, aphthous changes in lips and/or oral mucosa.
Kawasaki Disease, an acute systemic vasculitis with persistent fever (5 or more days), rash, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, changes in extremities, is currently considered a multifactorial autoinflammatory disease.
An infection, as Epstein Barr virus, can be the trigger of Kawasaki Disease.

Case presentation
We describe the clinical case of a 3-year-old boy with Kawasaki disease. Successfully treated with intravenous immune globulin, acetyl salicylate acid, he late developed anaemia and thrombocytopenia. The Epstein-Barr virus infection has been demonstrated and he showed a resolution of the clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease with the persistence of coronaritis, without aneurisms.
However, for the personal and familial history of monthly recurrent attacks of fever, pharyngitis, abdominal pain, the genetic study of MEFV was performed and demonstrated 3 heterozygous mutations of MEFV (E148Q, P369S, R408Q).

Conclusions
Mutations of MEFV can contribute to increase inflammatory expression in other diseases, as Kawasaki disease.
Characterization of genetic diversity on tropical Trichoderma germplasm by sequencing of rRNA internal transcribed spacers
Authors: Feitosa Yara Barros , Cruz-Magalhães Valter , Argolo-Filho Ronaldo Costa , de Souza Jorge Teodoro , Loguercio Leandro Lopes 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Trichoderma species are found in soil and in association with plants. They can act directly or indirectly in the biological control of plant diseases and in the promotion of plant growth, being among the most used fungi in the formulation of bioproducts applied to agricultural systems. The main objective of this study was to characterize at a first-tier level a collection of 67 Trichoderma isolates from various tropical sources, based solely on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA genes. Our goal was to provide a preliminary idea of the baseline diversity in this collection, to combine this information later with an array of other isolate-specific physiological data. This study provides a required knowledge at molecular level for assessment of this germplasm potential as a source of biotechnological products for beneficial effects in plants.

Results
Sequencing of the ITS region showed that the 67 Trichoderma isolates belonged in 11 species: T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. brevicompactum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. longibrachiatum, T. pleuroticola, T. reesei, T. spirale, T. stromaticum and T. virens. A total of 40.3% of the isolates were very closely related to each other and similar to T. harzianum. The baseline genetic diversity found indicates that the collection has different genotypes, which can be exploited further as a source of bioproducts, aiming at providing beneficial effects to plants of interest to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses.
A detailed overview of xylanases: an emerging biomolecule for current and future prospective
Authors: Bhardwaj Nisha , Kumar Bikash , Verma Pradeep 
Published: October 2019

AbstractXylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth. It is a complex heteropolysaccharide consisting of different monosaccharides such asl-arabinose,d-galactose,d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. The breakdown of xylan is restricted due to its heterogeneous nature and it can be overcome by xylanases which are capable of cleaving the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside linkage. Xylanases are abundantly present in nature (e.g., molluscs, insects and microorganisms) and several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae are used extensively for its production. Microbial xylanases show varying substrate specificities and biochemical properties which makes it suitable for various applications in industrial and biotechnological sectors. The suitability of xylanases for its application in food and feed, paper and pulp, textile, pharmaceuticals, and lignocellulosic biorefinery has led to an increase in demand of xylanases globally. The present review gives an insight of using microbial xylanases as an “Emerging Green Tool” along with its current status and future prospective.
Inverted internal limiting membrane-flap technique for large macular hole: a microperimetric study
Authors: Sborgia Giancarlo , Niro Alfredo , Sborgia Alessandra , Albano Valeria , Tritto Tiziana , Sborgia Luigi , Pastore Valentina , Donghia Rossella , Giancipoli Ermete , Recchimurzo Nicola , Boscia Francesco , Alessio Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM)-flap technique would seem to lead to higher closure rate and better visual acuity than traditional procedure with ILM peeling for the treatment of large macular hole (LMH). Visual acuity recovery does not reveal many other functional changes related to surgical approach. Our purpose was to evaluate macular function and morphology over a 1-year follow-up after inverted ILM-flap technique for LMH by using microperimetry in order to predict visual prognosis.

Methods
This study was a prospective unrandomized single-center study. 23 eyes of 22 patients with idiopathic LMH, with a minimum diameter ranging from 400 to 1000 μm, were included. All patients underwent vitrectomy with inverted ILM-flap technique and gas tamponade. We analyzed macular hole closure rate and functional outcomes including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular sensitivity (MS) at central 12° and central macular sensitivity (CMS) at central 4°, and fixation behavior as bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA, degrees2) at 68%, 95%, and 99% of fixation points measured by microperimeter, over a follow-up of 12 months.

Results
The macular hole closure rate was 98%. The BCVA improved from 20/230 (Logmar, 1.06 ± 0.34) to 20/59 (logMar, 0.47 ± 0.45) at last follow-up (p < 0.001). Retinal sensitivity and BCEA significantly improved (MS, p = 0.001; CMS, p < 0.0001; BCEA: 68%, p < 0.01; 95%, p < 0.01; 99%, p = 0.001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed the final BCVA was significantly associated with macular hole size (β = 0.002, p = 0.03), preoperative MS (β = − 0.06, p = 0.001) and BCEA at 95% and 99% of fixation points (β = − 0.12, p = 0.01; β = 0.06, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Inverted ILM-flap technique for LMH results in good morphologic and functional outcomes. Macular hole size and microperimetric parameters as preoperative MS and BCEA have a predictive role on post-surgical visual acuity.
Plasma medicine for neuroscience—an introduction
Authors: Yan Xu , Ouyang Jiting , Zhang Chenyang , Shi Zhongfang , Wang Boran , Ostrikov Kostya ( Ken) 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plasma is an ionized gas. It is typically formed at high temperature. As a result of both the development of low-temperature plasma sources and a better understanding of complex plasma phenomena over the last decade, “plasma medicine” has become a booming interdisciplinary research topic of growing importance that explores enormous opportunities at the interface of chemistry, plasma physics, and biomedical sciences with engineering. This review presents the latest development in plasma medicine in the area of the central nervous system and aims to introduce cutting-edge plasma medicine to clinical and translational medical researchers and practitioners.
A multisectoral institutional arrangements approach to integrating civil registration, vital statistics, and identity management systems
Authors: Mills Samuel , Lee Jane Kim , Rassekh Bahie Mary 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper reviews the essential components of a recommended institutional arrangements framework of integrated civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) and civil identification systems. CRVS typically involves several ministries and institutions, including health institutions that notify the occurrence of births and deaths; the judicial system that records the occurrence of marriages, divorces, and adoptions; the national statistics office that produces vital statistics reports; and the civil registry, to name a few. Considering the many stakeholders and close collaborations involved, it is important to establish clear institutional arrangements—“the policies, practices and systems that allow for effective functioning of an organization or group” (United Nations Development Programme, Capacity development: a UNDP primer. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2009). An example of a component of institutional arrangements is the establishment of a multisectoral national CRVS coordination committee consisting of representatives from key stakeholder groups that can facilitate participatory decision-making and continuous communication. Another important component of institutional arrangements is to create a linkage between CRVS and the national identity management system using unique identification numbers, enabling continuously updated vital events data to be accessible to the civil identification agency. By using birth registration in the civil registry to trigger the generation of a new identification and death registration to close it, this link accounts for the flow of people into and out of the identification management system. Expanding this data link to enable interoperability between different databases belonging to various ministries and agencies can enhance the efficiency of public and private services, save resources, and improve the quality of national statistics which are useful for monitoring the national development goals and the Sustainable Development Goals. Examples from countries that have successfully implemented the recommended components of an integrated CRVS and national identity management system are presented in the paper.
Text Mining in Electronic Medical Records Enables Quick and Efficient Identification of Pregnancy Cases Occurring After Breast Cancer
Authors: Labrosse Julie , Lam Thanh , Sebbag Clara , Benque Milena , Abdennebi Ines , Merckelbagh Hilde , Osdoit Marie , Priour Maël , Guerin Julien , Balezeau Thomas , Grandal Beatriz , Coussy Florence , Bobrie Angélique , Ferrer Loïc , Laas Enora , Feron Jean-Guillaume , Reyal Fabien , Hamy Anne-Sophie 
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE To apply text mining (TM) technology on electronic medical records (EMRs) of patients with breast cancer (BC) to retrieve the occurrence of a pregnancy after BC diagnosis and compare its performance to manual curation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The training cohort (Cohort A) comprised 344 patients with BC age ≤ 40 years old treated at Institut Curie between 2005 and 2007. Manual curation consisted in manually reviewing each EMR to retrieve pregnancies. TM consisted of first applying a keyword filter (“accouch*” or “enceinte,” French terms for “deliver*” and “pregnant,” respectively) to select a subset of EMRs, and, second, checking manually EMRs to confirm the pregnancy. Then, we applied our TM algorithm on an independent cohort of patients with BC treated between 2008 and 2012 (Cohort B). RESULTS In Cohort A, 36 pregnancies were identified among 344 patients (10.5%; 2,829 person-years of EMR). Thirty were identified by manual review versus 35 by TM. TM resulted in a lower percentage of manual checking (26.7% v 100%, respectively) and substantial time gains (time to identify a pregnancy: 13 minutes for TM v 244 minutes for manual curation, respectively). Presence of any of the two TM filters showed excellent sensitivity (97%) and negative predictive value (100%). In Cohort B, 67 pregnancies were identified among 1,226 patients (5.5%; 7,349 person-years of EMR). Similarly, for Cohort B, TM spared 904 (73.7%) EMRs from manual review and quickly generated a cohort of 67 pregnancies after BC. Incidence rate of pregnancy after BC was 0.01 pregnancy per person-year of EMR in both cohorts. CONCLUSION TM is highly efficient to quickly identify rare events and is a promising tool to improve rapidity, efficiency, and costs of medical research.
Multicenter, Prospective, Phase II and Biomarker Study of High-Dose Bevacizumab as Induction Therapy in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 2 and Progressive Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Plotkin Scott R. , Duda Dan G. , Muzikansky Alona , Allen Jeffrey , Blakeley Jaishri , Rosser Tena , Campian Jian L. , Clapp D. Wade , Fisher Michael J. , Tonsgard James , Ullrich Nicole , Thomas Coretta , Cutter Gary , Korf Bruce , Packer Roger , Karajannis Matthias A. 
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE Bevacizumab treatment at 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks results in improved hearing in approximately 35%-40% of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and progressive vestibular schwannomas (VSs). However, the optimal dose is unknown. In this multicenter phase II and biomarker study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of high-dose bevacizumab in pediatric and adult patients with NF2 with progressive VS. PATIENTS AND METHODS Bevacizumab was given for 6 months at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, followed by 18 months at 5 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The primary end point was hearing response defined by word recognition score (WRS) at 6 months. Secondary end points included toxicity, radiographic response, quality of life (QOL), and plasma biomarkers. RESULTS Twenty-two participants with NF2 (median age, 23 years) with progressive hearing loss in the target ear (median baseline WRS, 53%) were enrolled. Nine (41%) of 22 participants achieved a hearing response at 6 months (1 of 7 children and 8 of 15 adults; P = .08). Radiographic response was seen in 7 (32%) of 22 patients with VS at 6 months (7 of 15 adults and 0 of 7 children; P = .05). Common mild to moderate adverse events included hypertension, fatigue, headache, and irregular menstruation. Improvement in NF2-related QOL and reduction in tinnitus-related distress were reported in 30% and 60% of participants, respectively. Paradoxically, high-dose bevacizumab treatment was not associated with a significant decrease in free vascular endothelial growth factor but was associated with increased carbonic anhydrase IX, hepatocyte growth factor, placental growth factor, stromal cell-derived factor 1α, and basic fibroblast growth factor concentrations in plasma. CONCLUSION High-dose bevacizumab seems to be no more effective than standard-dose bevacizumab for treatment of patients with NF2 with hearing loss. In contrast to adults, pediatric participants did not experience tumor shrinkage. However, adult and pediatric participants reported similar improvement in QOL during induction. Novel approaches using bevacizumab should be considered for children with NF2.
Vernacular Story in and as Archives: (Re)MakingXingshi yanStories in Early Modern China and Korea
Authors: Ye Yuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article examines literary texts both as records transmitted through archives and as cultural sites recording preferred knowledge. It focuses on the late Ming-era (1368–1644) Chinese vernacular short story anthology Xingshi yan 型世言 (Exemplary Words for the World, ca. 1632)—the only extant copy preserved in the Kyujanggak Archives in South Korea—and its Chosŏn (1392–1910) rendition in the Korean alphabet, Hyŏngse ŏn, housed in the Jangseogak Archives. Xingshi yan, taking seriously the Chinese vernacular literature’s claim of being “unofficial history,” provides its own historical narrative of the Ming at the end of the dynasty when it was threatened by the Manchus. Recording the notable Ming figures and affairs, this anthology creates a literary archive furnishing materials for Ming history. In addition, this article points out the significance of the Kyujanggak Xingshi yan in solving the ambiguous textual origins of several Chinese vernacular story anthologies that were previously associated with the famous Second Amazement. Eventually, it traces the trajectory of how Xingshi yan was preserved in the Korean royal archives and appreciated by royal family members, and how its stories were rendered into the Korean alphabet for reasons of cultural and literary preference as well as to address the intended audience of Chosŏn. The making and remaking of Xingshi yan stories in both China and Korea, this article argues, illuminate the varied knowledge preferences and selections in the forming of the two cultures’ respective literary archives.
Investigating the cost-effectiveness of structured diabetes education
Authors: Swift Jim , Barker Chris , Palin Richard , Peck Gill 
Published: October 2019

Background/Aims The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommend that people with type 2 diabetes should have access to structured diabetes education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and the impact of the EMPOWER T2n structured diabetes education programme. Methods Audit data were obtained from 443 participants from four Clinical Commissioning Groups in England. Clinical parameters, including glycated haemoglobin levels and cholesterol, were collected before EMPOWER T2n started, as well as at 6 months into the programme and 14-months after its completion. Results There was a statistically significant reduction in glycated haemoglobin at 6-months (−8.2mmol/mol), which was maintained at 14 months (−7.8mmol/mol). Modelled 3-year changes in costs in the base case were -£42.30 for coronary heart disease, -£0.75 for stroke and -£7.79 for microvascular events. The mean number of medicines used decreased from 0.5 at baseline to 0.37 at 14 months (-13.1%). This produced an actual saving of £44.28, with a further saving of £98.78, compared to the modelled increase in medicine use over time. All of these changes translated into an overall gross saving of £193.89 per participant over the 3-year model timeframe. These savings exceeded the average cost of delivering EMPOWER T2n (£96.17 per participant). Conclusion Participation in the EMPOWER T2n structured diabetes education programme was associated with improvements against a range of clinical parameters and associated with modelled net cost savings over a 3-year timeframe.
Coinfection of Cytomegalovirus and Cryptosporidiosis in a Patient With AIDS
Authors: Conner Michael , Joshi Tejas , Veerisetty Sai Sruthi , Hutchings John 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Patients with poorly controlled human immunodeficiency virus are subject to a wide range of opportunistic infections. Cryptosporidium is a parasitic gastrointestinal infection associated with chronic and life-threatening diarrhea in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cytomegalovirus colitis is a serious complication caused by reactivation of the virus, leading to viremia and end-organ disease by hematogenous spread. Both diseases can be fatal in less than 4 months. We present an example of a comprehensive investigation in a patient with symptoms that could not be explained in a single diagnosis.
A expressão da subjetividade no contexto da educação inclusiva: complexidade e desafios
Authors: Lustosa Ana Valéria Marques Fortes 
Published: October 2019

Na atualidade, a inclusão escolar de pessoas do público alvo da educação especial está presente em todos os níveis de ensino. Essa conquista rompe com séculos de esquecimento, silêncio e omissão no que se refere a esses indivíduos. Apoiada em novas formas de organização do trabalho pedagógico no âmbito da Educação para Todos, evidencia a relevância do processo de aprender como ato iminentemente social, no qual as relações estabelecidas exercem papel fundamental. Nesse contexto, a subjetividade individual e social estão no âmago do processo de aprender em múltiplas e variadas formas, com implicações significativas que se expressam no cotidiano e na vida dos aprendizes, contrapondo-se à visão reducionista que limita o desenvolvimento e a atuação desses indivíduos ao evidenciar a dinâmica dos processos subjetivos como geradores de possibilidades criativas na superação dos obstáculos.
A ação docente na pós-graduação sob a perspectiva cultural histórica: a criatividade em foco
Authors: Scalise Lara Nassar , Anache Alexandra Ayach 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre os desdobramentos das estratégias pedagógicas promovidas na ação docente com universitários de um curso de pós-graduação. O foco das discussões foi o desenvolvimento de processos criativos e sua relação com a aprendizagem. A ênfase, nessa discussão, foi dada à subjetividade dos estudantes, no sentido de promoverem novas propostas de engajamento acadêmico. São apresentadas experiências de trabalhos criativos realizados em um curso de pós-graduação stricto sensu, os quais são embasados na Epistemologia Qualitativa e na Teoria da Subjetividade na perspectiva cultural-histórica. Destaca-se, assim, a discussão das produções teóricas que depreendem desse processo, reconhecendo a necessidade de se implantarem propostas de formação profissional que permitam a emergência do professor como sujeito ativo. Consiste, portanto, em trazer, neste espaço, as reflexões que consideram a criatividade essencial para promover ações e relações que visam superar as práticas reprodutivistas, na educação superior, que reduzem a aprendizagem a atos instrumentais.