bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design guideline for plastic parts that need to fulfil EN62368 norm
Authors: Pal S G , Goanţă V , Bistriceanu D P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The EN62368 norm is a European standard that specifies the safety requirements and the testing procedures that all audio/video, information and communication technology equipment need to fulfil. In order to fulfil this standard, all mechanical engineers should change the way of designing the parts and respect new rules that can increase the cost of production for all plastic parts. These changes will lead to a higher tool complexity and high material costs. Plastic material suppliers are starting to change their focus and develop new V0 materials with better and eco-friendly properties according to the market needs. Plastic materials with flame retardant compounds (FR/V0 – classification according UL94) need to pass all flammability requirements and tests and according to environment regulations, the plastic materials that are halogen free are more are more requested. In general, halogen free systems produce less smoke and less toxic components in smoke. Benefits of halogen free V0 materials is a better flame-retardant property, low smoke toxicity, low smoke obscurity and no corrosive gases. The tool complexity will increase because we must reduce, even avoid, the openings in all plastic parts because they will allow oxygen to get inside the ECUs and oxygen is maintaining the flame, making a potential ignition source to increase her breadth. Reducing the openings in a plastic part, will lead to adding sliders inside of the mould and sliders involves higher costs. Although, depending on the current that goes through the ECU, we can recommend you some design modifications that will save money and time for your project.
Theoretical study of SES solution for extending the electric vehicles autonomy
Authors: Ciobotar C C , Pascal I , Gaidur M , Rakosi E , Manolache Gh , Talif S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is expected that in the near future the propulsion of motor vehicles will be mainly done using electric motors. The fundamental arguments are a much lower cost of travel and elimination of exhaust gases. However, the biggest problem of electric propulsion vehicles is the reduced autonomy. Regarding this disadvantage, there have been several attempts and they will continue to exist in order to eliminate or at least to reduce the phenomenon. Considering that, at present there is no technical solution showing real efficiency. A compromise can be achieved by using a small compact system based on a low cylinder thermal engine that trains an electric generator. This is achieved by means of a mechanical transmission called SES (Secondary Energy System). The main role is to charge the battery on board the vehicle, thus increasing its autonomy.
Physical functional model of the SES solution for extending autonomy of the electric vehicles propulsion system
Authors: Ciobotar C C , Gaidur M , Pascal I , Rakosi E , Talif S , Manolache Gh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The theoretical analysis and the virtual model design of the SES (Secondary Energy System) outlined the usefulness of this kind of equipment. Therefore, by carefully examining the improvements brought by SES to electric-powered vehicles, we can easily conclude that they can be equipped with such an additional energy system, which will enable them to have impressive performances. This has led to the next stage, respectively the physical construction of the whole ensemble. In this paper, the main elements that are part of the SES are presented in a detailed manner. At the same time, the thermodynamic processes of the spark-ignition engine are showed, practically, caught on a camera during its functioning.
Weigh-in-motion sensors and traffic monitoring systems - Sate of the art and development trends
Authors: Dontu A I , Barsanescu P D , Andrusca L , Danila N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Weigh-in-motion (WIM) sensors allow the control of vehicle weights without disruption of traffic. WIM systems bring very important savings by traffic monitoring and by reducing the number of overloaded vehicles. This paper discusses the present status and developmental trends of Haigh-speed weigh-in-motion (HS-WIM) technologies. Both commercial and new types of WIM sensors are presented. Strengths and weaknesses of different type of WIM sensors are discussed, as well as the economic aspects of the different technologies. Possible future developments of WIM technologies concerning the measurement performance are also described.
The impact behavior of the crash boxes
Authors: Manea A M , Iozsa D , Stan C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article will study the impact behavior of the crash box structures. The crash boxes are found between the front cross member and the front side members. They play an important role in case of minor frontal impact, speeds up to 15km/h. For this study, we propose three models of crash boxes of different sections. The impact analysis will be performed using the software ANSYS, Explicit Dynamics module. The shape and dimensions of the models were obtained from repeated impact tests. Thus, the obtained results were used for the continuous improvement of the crash boxes. The proposed models are made from extruded Aluminum bars with different sections. With the help of finite element analysis (FEM) one can compare the results and what impact energy absorption characteristics each proposed model of structure presents.
The finite element analysis of pelvic assembly resulted from a pedestrian’s traffic accident. The analysis of the sacral bone
Authors: Pascal I , Ciobotar C C , Gaidur M , Rakosi E , Manolache Gh , Talif S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to make a series of finite element analysis of the sacral bone of pedestrian involved in a car crash. The analyses are of a static type. The conditions for the analyses were chosen as to reflect the reality. The forces which acted on the sacral bone have been experimentally determined. In this study the authors want to highlight the benefit of the finite element analysis in the road accidentology field.
Experimental measurements of CO2 concentrations in sleeping rooms
Authors: Adîncu D A , Popescu A , Atanasiu M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
People spend nearly one-third of their life on sleeping. Several factors can affect bedroom air quality and comfort of sleep, such as temperature, relative humidity and air quality. The most common indicator of indoor air quality is the concentration of carbon dioxide, its presence in indoor environment being strictly related to respiration and human metabolism. Since 2002, when the European Parliament and Council approved the directive on energy performance of buildings, EU member countries launched various programs for refurbishment of buildings and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems, in order to reduce the energy consumption. Unfortunately, the renovation operations, such as replacing old windows with new tight ones or thermal insulation of the facades, lead to tightly sealed interior spaces. Insufficient infiltration of fresh air and limited natural ventilation result into increased pollutant concentration and deterioration of the indoor microclimate. Permissible concentration of carbon dioxide in the closed spaces according to World Health Organization is 1000 ppm. When the level exceeds this threshold, occupants may complain of headaches, drowsiness, lack of concentration and fatigue. The present study shows the measurements of carbon dioxide concentrations conducted in several sleeping rooms located in refurbished buildings, with or without mechanical ventilation system for fresh air supply, as well as suggested measures.
Finite-difference approach of ice build-up around a cylindrical pipe
Authors: Horbaniuc B , Dumitraşcu Gh , Atanasiu M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Melting-freezing phenomena are largely studied due to their importance in many applications such as latent heat storage, ice build-up in different settings, solidification of moulded pieces, epitaxial growth of silicon bars used to produce semiconductor waffles, etc. The paper deals with studying the ice build-up process around a cylindrical pipe through which a coolant flows, extracting heat from the surrounding water. Such a situation can be encountered in ice rinks where pipes are immersed in a shallow water basin that freezes. The approach of the paper is to determine the required time necessary for the ice thickness of the layer that builds up around the pipe to freeze under specified conditions (coolant temperature, pipe radius, and total radius of the water domain). An implicit finite difference technique with constant space step is employed to perform this task and the results are plotted and discussed.
Hybrid PV-TE-T modules: life cycle analysis and end of life assessment
Authors: Lupu A-G , Homutescu V M , Bălănescu D-T , Popescu A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
World population growth along with requirements for more energy forced scientists into research for cleaner and sustainable energy sources. The largest available energy source, solar energy requires improved technologies and processes for conversion into electrical and thermal energy. This paper continues a series of analyses of a proposed hybrid module, which combines direct photovoltaic (PV) conversion to electricity with thermal conversion (T) and thermal waste heat recovery (using thermoelectric devices, TE). An extended life cycle analysis (LCA) is performed on each of the three components of hybrid module, carefully identifying inputs, processes and outputs, as well as impact per each standard category. Also, a review on end of life assessment is presented for the hybrid PV-TE-T module.
Species distribution modelling sheds light on the widespread distribution ofSphingonotus(Sphingonotus)rubescens(Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae)
Authors: Dey Lara-Sophie , Husemann Martin , Hochkirch Axel , Simões Marianna V P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSphingonotus (Sphingonotus) rubescens (Walker, 1870) occurs from the Atlantic Islands to central and southern Asia, but its ecological preferences and the potential drivers that shaped its currently extensive distribution remain unknown. We review the known occurrence data for S. rubescens and reconstruct its current and palaeoclimatic niche (Last Glacial Maximum and mid-Holocene) using species distribution modelling (SDM). We examine how climatic suitability might have created potential past migratory pathways shaping its current distribution. Moreover, we test the utility of SDM approaches to flag dubious records detected in the assembled dataset. The results reveal new distributional records from four countries. Climatic models indicate high levels of overlap between current and palaeoclimatic models, with stability of large suitable areas through time. Furthermore, we observe that suitability values associated with dubious records are lower than the distribution of suitability values within the known distribution of S. rubescens. Climatic stability of suitable areas through time for S. rubescens might have aided the expansion and maintenance of its current wide distribution. Furthermore, our results support previous studies indicating the usefulness of SDM tools for the detection of doubious occurrences.
Comparative plastome genomics and phylogenetic analyses of Liliaceae
Authors: Lu Rui-Sen , Yang Tuo , Chen Yang , Wang Shen-Yi , Cai Min-Qi , Cameron Kenneth M , Li Pan , Fu Cheng-Xin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLiliaceae, distributed mainly across the temperate Northern Hemisphere, are of great horticultural, culinary and medical importance, but are also a family with a long history of taxonomic uncertainty. Challenges in accurate species identification persist and phylogenetic relationships among genera in the family continue to be unresolved and/or weakly supported due to the use of limited molecular markers with insufficient variability. Here, nine newly sequenced plastomes for nine Liliaceae genera have been combined with previously published plastome data for this family, providing a total of 86 complete plastid genome sequences covering all 15 currently recognized genera for analyses. All these plastid genomes (146.9–158.3 kb) possess the typical quadripartite structure with conserved genome arrangement and content. Phylogenomic analyses strongly confirm the recognition of four subfamilies: Tricyrtidoideae with four genera; Medeoloideae with two genera; Lilioideae with eight genera and Calochortoideae, for Calochortus alone, as sister to Medeoloideae and Lilioideae. At least ten intergenic spacer regions that may serve as universal markers were identified in the family and, on a finer scale, nine and seven intergenic spacer regions are especially variable in Lilium and Fritillaria, respectively. The intergenic spacer regions rpoB-trnC, trnS-trnG, trnT-psbD and trnT-trnL, which showed high phylogenetic effectiveness, may be the best choices for future phylogenetic, phylogeographic and population genetic studies.
Clinical spectrum of ischaemic arterial diseases associated with COVID-19: a series of four illustrative cases
Authors: Guillet Henri , Gallet Romain , Pham Vincent , D’Humières Thomas , Huguet Raphaelle , Lim Pascal , Michel Marc , Khellaf Mehdi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome with an increased risk of venous thrombo-embolic events. To a much lesser extent, arterial thrombo-embolic events have also been reported in this setting.

Case summary
Here, we describe four different cases of COVID-19 infection with ischaemic arterial events, such as a myocardial infarction with high thrombus load, ischaemic stroke on spontaneous thrombosis of the aortic valve, floating thrombus with mesenteric, splenic and renal infarction, and acute limb ischaemia.

Discussion
Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are comorbidities most frequently found in patients with a severe COVID-19 infection and are associated with a higher death rate. Our goal is to provide an overview of the clinical spectrum of ischaemic arterial events that may either reveal or complicate COVID-19. Several suspected pathophysiological mechanisms could explain the association between cardiovascular events and COVID-19 (role of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, activation of coagulation cascade leading to a hypercoagulability state, virus-induced secondary antiphospholipid syndrome). We need additional studies of larger size, to estimate the incidence of these arterial events and to assess the efficacy of anticoagulation therapy.
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor-associated aortitis evaluated via multiple imaging modalities including vascular echography: a case report
Authors: Harada Mikiko , Motoki Hirohiko , Sakai Takahiro , Kuwahara Koichiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) preparations are used for patients with granulocytopenia, especially to prevent febrile neutropenia. Arteritis has been recognized as a side effect of G-CSF treatment; however, there are no clear diagnostic criteria or treatment guidelines because not enough cases have been reported. Present case showed one of the diagnostic and treatment selection methods via multiple imaging modality including vascular echography.

Case summary
A 52-year-old woman underwent chemotherapy for ovarian cancer and received G-CSF because of myelosuppression. The patient experienced high and remittent fever that persisted during treatment using antibiotics and acetaminophen. Enhanced computed tomography revealed thickening of the tissue around the aortic arch and abdominal aorta. Echography of the abdominal aorta revealed thickening of the wall and a hypoechoic region around the aorta. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography also revealed that the inflammation was localized to the lesion. A suspicion of G-CSF-associated aortitis was based on the patient’s history and the exclusion of other diseases that might have caused the aortitis. Her condition rapidly improved after starting corticosteroid treatment.

Discussion
The differential diagnosis in similar cases should consider immune diseases that cause large-vessel arteritis (Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis, and another vasculitis), infection, drug-induced disease, and immunoglobulin G4-related disease. The use of different imaging modalities, including vascular echography, helped guide the diagnosis and follow-up. It is necessary to evaluate the patient’s general condition before the selection of treatments.
The Differential Metabolic Profiles Between Deltamethrin-Resistant and -Susceptible Strains ofAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae) by 1H-NMR
Authors: Huang Lianfen , Li Jun , Peng Lilan , Xie Ruili , Su Xinghua , He Peiqing , Xu Jiabao , Jia Zhirong , Luo Xiaoting , Chen Xiao-Guang , Li Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetabolomics can indicate the physiological and biochemical responses of mosquitoes to different stimulants, including insecticides, which allow them to adapt to different inhospitable environments. Though metabolic differences between insecticide-resistant and -susceptible strains have been established for other mosquito species, such as Anopheles and Culex, it is yet to be done for Aedes albopictus (Skuse). In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy–based metabolomic analysis performed on Ae. albopictus deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible strains showed significant differences in amino acid, organic acid, and sugar metabolism. Concentrations of neutral amino acids and sugars tended to be lower in the deltamethrin-resistant strain than in the deltamethrin-suceptible strain, but the concentration of basic and acidic amino acids and organic acids increased. All these changes might accommodate biochemical and physiological needs in deltamethrin-resistant mosquitoes, such as enzyme synthesis and detoxification. This was further confirmed by the predictable draft metabolic map. This is the first report using NMR spectroscopy to investigate the metabolic differences between deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible strains of Ae. albopictus. To a certain degree, this demonstrates how Ae. albopictus develop insecticide resistance by metabolic reprograming to survive under the insecticide pressure.
Attainment of 40.5 pm spatial resolution using 300 kV scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with fifth-order aberration corrector
Authors: Morishita Shigeyuki , Ishikawa Ryo , Kohno Yuji , Sawada Hidetaka , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The achievement of a fine electron probe for high-resolution imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy requires technological developments, especially in electron optics. For this purpose, we developed a microscope with a fifth-order aberration corrector that operates at 300 kV. The contrast flat region in an experimental Ronchigram, which indicates the aberration-free angle, was expanded to 70 mrad. By using a probe with convergence angle of 40 mrad in the scanning transmission electron microscope at 300 kV, we attained the spatial resolution of 40.5 pm, which is the projected interatomic distance between Ga–Ga atomic columns of GaN observed along [212] direction.
Traumatic superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome: case report and literature review
Authors: Aladham Youssef , Ahmed Omar , Hassan Saad Ahmed Saad , Francis-Khoury Elias 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndrome was first reported in 1998 by Minor et al. and comprises a spectrum of auditory and vestibular symptoms as a result of ‘mobile third window’ mechanism. The aetiology of SSCD is debated, but persistent infantile microstructure of the temporal bone was suggested. However, some authors related a ‘second event’, such as closed head trauma, temporal bone fracture and sudden increase in the intracranial pressure to the precipitation of its symptoms. In this article, we report a patient with a closed head trauma who developed unilateral auditory symptoms. High-resolution computed tomography images were obtained and confirmed bilateral SSCD with the normal middle ear structure. The patient was provided with a monaural hearing aid. Literature was searched for similar case reports or series where head trauma precipitated the symptoms of SSCD in anatomically susceptible individuals.
Rest-activity rhythm disturbance in liver cirrhosis and association with cognitive impairment
Authors: Kim Minjee , Liotta Eric M , Maas Matthew B , Braun Rosemary I , Garcia-Canga Blas , Ganger Daniel R , Ladner Daniela P , Reid Kathryn J , Zee Phyllis C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cognitive impairment and disturbed sleep–wake rhythms are disabling complications of liver cirrhosis, yet there is limited understanding of how they are related. We tested the hypothesis that alterations of sleep, rest-activity, and light exposure patterns are associated with worse cognition in cirrhosis. A total of 54 ambulatory adult patients with cirrhosis and 41 age-/gender-matched healthy controls wore wrist actigraphy for rest-activity and light measurements and completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System sleep instruments for self-reported sleep quality. We used standard nonparametric descriptors to characterize rest-activity and light patterns, and wake after sleep onset and sleep efficiency to assess objective sleep quality. The NIH Toolbox cognition battery was used for objective cognitive evaluation using T-scores from a demographically adjusted population reference. Spearman’s correlation and multivariable models were used to explore associations between measures of cognition, sleep, rest-activity, and light. Cognition was significantly impaired in cirrhosis patients. Sleep quality was worse in cirrhosis patients by subjective and objective measures compared with controls. Cirrhosis patients exhibited fragmented and dampened rest-activity rhythms, lower daytime and higher nighttime light exposure compared with controls. Worse working memory and processing speed was associated with lower daytime activity level, higher rest-activity fragmentation, lower day-to-day stability, and greater nocturnal light exposure. No association was found between cognition and sleep quality. Rest-activity fragmentation and abnormal light exposure patterns are common in patients with liver disease and are associated with the severity of cognitive impairment. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of timed bright light and exercise intervention on cognitive function in patients with liver disease.