bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Aesthetic Sense and Addiction Emerge in Neural Relations of Cost-Benefit Decision in Foraging
Authors: Gribkova Ekaterina D. , Catanho Marianne , Gillette Rhanor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA rudimentary aesthetic sense is found in the stimulus valuations and cost-benefit decisions made by primitive generalist foragers. These are based on factors governing personal economic decisions: incentive, appetite, and learning. We find that the addictive process is an extreme expression of aesthetic dynamics. An interactive, agent-based model, ASIMOV, reproduces a simple aesthetic sense from known neural relations of cost-benefit decision in foraging. In the presence of very high reward, an addiction-like process emerges. A drug-like prey provides extreme reward with no nutritive value, initiating high selectivity and prolonged cravings for drug through reward learning. Varying reward experience, caused by homeostatic changes in the neural circuitry of reward, further establishes the course of addiction, consisting of desensitization, withdrawal, resensitization, and associated changes in nutritional choice and pain sensitivity. These observations are consistent with the early evolution of addiction mechanisms in simple generalist foragers as an aesthetic sense for evaluating prey. ASIMOV is accessible to inspection, modification, and experiment, is adaptable as an educational tool, and provides insight on the possible coevolutionary origins of aesthetics and the addiction process.
α-synuclein overexpression in the retina leads to vision impairment and degeneration of dopaminergic amacrine cells
Authors: Marrocco Elena , Indrieri Alessia , Esposito Federica , Tarallo Valeria , Carboncino Anna , Alvino Filomena Grazia , De Falco Sandro , Franco Brunella , De Risi Maria , De Leonibus Elvira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe presence of α-synuclein aggregates in the retina of Parkinson’s disease patients has been associated with vision impairment. In this study we sought to determine the effects of α-synuclein overexpression on the survival and function of dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs) in the retina. Adult mice were intravitreally injected with an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to overexpress human wild-type α-synuclein in the inner retina. Before and after systemic injections of levodopa (L-DOPA), retinal responses and visual acuity-driven behavior were measured by electroretinography (ERG) and a water maze task, respectively. Amacrine cells and ganglion cells were counted at different time points after the injection. α-synuclein overexpression led to an early loss of DACs associated with a decrease of light-adapted ERG responses and visual acuity that could be rescued by systemic injections of L-DOPA. The data show that α-synuclein overexpression affects dopamine neurons in the retina. The approach provides a novel accessible method to model the underlying mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies and for testing novel treatments.
Vestibular Aging Process from 3D Physiological Imaging of the Membranous Labyrinth
Authors: Tanioka Hisaya , Tanioka Sayaka , Kaga Kimitaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is no three-dimensional (3D) technique to study the microanatomical structures of thein vivo3D vestibular membranous labyrinth. Recent two MRI methods using a contrast agent can only depict the low-resolution imaging of endolymphatic hydrops. Therefore, we provide the new precise volume rendering algorithms to create thein vivo3D vestibular membranous labyrinth images from high-resolution temporal bone low-dose CT data. We also ascertain whether the created 3D microstructure images are reliable in anatomical findings. Secondary, we will analyze the age-related changes of the vestibular membranous labyrinth. These created 3D membranous vestibular images were almost consistent with the appearance, dimensions, areas, and angles from those acquired in previous histological works. The age-related image changes showed the enlarged saccule in females, the enlarged utricle in males, and the dilated tendency of the lateral semicircular duct. These results may correlate to the findings of the previous physiological works on cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and gait studies. The age-related balance disorders may be associated with the enlargement of each membranous organ in the vestibule. This new imaging technique now enables visualizing microanatomical changes in thein vivomembranous vestibulum, and these created 3D images may suggest physiological information.
Joint Longitudinal Low Calcium High Phosphorus Trajectory Associates with Accelerated Progression, Acute Coronary Syndrome and Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ting I-Wen , Yeh Hung-Chieh , Huang Han-Chun , Chiang Hsiu-Yin , Chu Pei-Lun , Kuo Chin-Chi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effects of long-term disturbance of the mineral metabolism on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unclear. We investigated whether the longitudinal Ca-P (joint calcium and phosphorus) trajectories are associated with incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. We conducted a prospective cohort study by using data from a 13-year multidisciplinary pre-ESRD care registry. The final study population consisted of 4,237 CKD patients aged 20–90 years with data gathered from 2003 to 2015. Individuals’ Ca-P trajectories were defined using group-based multi-trajectory modeling into three distinct patterns: reference, moderately abnormal, and severely abnormal. Times to ESRD, ACS, and death were analyzed using multiple Cox regression. Compared with those with a “reference” Ca-P trajectory, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for incidental ESRD were 5.92 (4.71–7.44) and 15.20 (11.85–19.50) for “moderately abnormal” and “severely abnormal” Ca-P trajectories, respectively. The corresponding aHRs for ACS were 1.94 (1.49–2.52) and 3.18 (2.30–4.39), and for all-cause mortality, they were 1.88 (1.64–2.16) and 2.46 (2.05–2.96) for “moderately abnormal” and “severely abnormal” Ca-P trajectories, respectively. For outcomes of progression to ESRD, the detrimental effects of abnormal Ca-P trajectories were more substantial in patients with CKD stage 3 than those with CKD stage 4 or 5 (p-value for interaction < 0.001). Future studies should validate reliable longitudinal cut-offs of serum phosphorus and consider the “lowering phosphorus— the lower the better, the earlier the better” approach to phosphorus control in CKD.
Synthesis, adsorption and molecular simulation study of methylamine-modified hyper-cross-linked resins for efficient removal of citric acid from aqueous solution
Authors: Peng Xiaoqiang , Yang Pengpeng , Dai Kun , Chen Yong , Chen Xiaochun , Zhuang Wei , Ying Hanjie , Wu Jinglan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA series of methylamine-modified hyper-cross-linked resins were fabricated from chloromethylated polystrene-co-divinylbenzene by two continuous reactions (Friedel-Crafts alkylation and amination). The BET surface area and pore volume of the as-prepared resins took a positive correlation to the reaction time and temperature during alkylation reaction while lessened during amination process. When running batch adsorption experiments for adsorption of citric acid, the methylamine-modified resin named HM-65-2 showed higher adsorption capacity of 136.3 mg/g and selectivity of 6.98 (citric/glucose) than the precursor resins. The pseudo-second-order rate model fitted better than the pseudo-first-order model, implying the adsorption sites distributed on the resins surface tended to be heterogeneous. Subsequently, the interactions between citric acid and the resin were investigated by means of molecular simulation. Simulation result showed the addition of nitrogen-containing groups significantly enhanced the adsorption performance of citric acid. Lastly, the dynamic column experiments were performed to obtain the suitable operating conditions for the citric acid adsorption.
Revealing links between gut microbiome and its fungal community in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Emirati subjects: A pilot study
Authors: Al Bataineh Mohammad Tahseen , Dash Nihar Ranjan , Bel Lassen Pierre , Banimfreg Bayan Hassan , Nada Aml Mohamed , Belda Eugeni , Clément Karine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) drastically affects the population of Middle East countries with an ever-increasing number of overweight and obese individuals. The precise links between T2DM and gut microbiome composition remain elusive in these populations. Here, we performed 16 S rRNA and ITS2- gene based microbial profiling of 50 stool samples from Emirati adults with or without T2DM. The four major enterotypes initially described in westernized cohorts were retrieved in this Emirati population. T2DM and non-T2DM healthy controls had different microbiome compositions, with an enrichment in Prevotella enterotype in non-T2DM controls whereas T2DM individuals had a higher proportion of the dysbiotic Bacteroides 2 enterotype. No significant differences in microbial diversity were observed in T2DM individuals after controlling for cofounding factors, contrasting with reports from westernized cohorts. Interestingly, fungal diversity was significantly decreased in Bacteroides 2 enterotype. Functional profiling from 16 S rRNA gene data showed marked differences between T2DM and non-T2DM controls, with an enrichment in amino acid degradation and LPS-related modules in T2DM individuals, whereas non-T2DM controls had increased abundance of carbohydrate degradation modules in concordance with enterotype composition. These differences provide an insight into gut microbiome composition in Emirati population and its potential role in the development of diabetes mellitus.
Ultra-simplified Single-Step Fabrication of Microstructured Optical Fiber
Authors: Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. , Ng Alson K. L. , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractManufacturing optical fibers with a microstructured cross-section relies on the production of a fiber preform in a multiple-stage procedure, and drawing of the preform to fiber. These processes encompass the use of several dedicated and sophisticated equipment, including a fiber drawing tower. Here we demonstrate the use of a commercial table-top low-cost filament extruder to produce optical fibers with complex microstructure in a single step - from the pellets of the optical material directly to the final fiber. The process does not include the use of an optical fiber drawing tower and is time, electrical power, and floor space efficient. Different fiber geometries (hexagonal-lattice solid core, suspended core and hollow core) were successfully fabricated and their geometries evaluated. Air guidance in a wavelength range where the fiber material is opaque was shown in the hollow core fiber.
Oxidative stress in human facial skin observed by ultraweak photon emission imaging and its correlation with biophysical properties of skin
Authors: Tsuchida Katsuhiko , Kobayashi Masaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOxidative stress is associated with skin ageing and disease in humans. However, it is difficult to evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on the skin in vivo using conventional invasive methods. In this study, we performed two-dimensional imaging of ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) generated by excited species in oxidative reaction to determine regional variations in oxidative stress in human facial skin and analysed the relationship between UPE intensity and biophysical properties in vivo. UPE imaging of the facial skin of volunteers revealed regional variations in oxidative stress. The nose, its surrounding regions, and the area between eyebrows showed higher UPE intensity than other facial regions, indicating high oxidative stress in these regions. In contrast, only the region surrounding the eyes showed age-related alterations in UPE intensity; moreover, wrinkle score in these regions was correlated with UPE intensity. These results suggest that oxidative stress in the skin induces wrinkle formation. UPE intensity was correlated with porphyrin score in the skin; however, no correlation was observed between UPE intensity and skin colour parameters. This study provides insights into the treatment of facial skin areas vulnerable to ageing and helps improve our understanding of topical skin diseases related to oxidative stress.
Computational Simulations of Provisional Stenting of a Diseased Coronary Artery Bifurcation Model
Authors: Chen Henry Y. , Chatzizisis Yiannis S. , Louvard Yves , Kassab Ghassan S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough stenting of non-branched arterial segments has acceptable clinical outcomes, in-stent restenosis (ISR) and stent thrombosis remain clinically significant issues for vascular bifurcations (15–28% restenosis). Local fluid and solid stresses appear to play an important role in restenosis and thrombosis. The combined role of wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential wall stresses (CWS) is unclear in the case of stenting at vascular bifurcations. Using numerical simulations, we computed the fluid shear, solid stresses and the stress ratio at the the bifurcation region. Stenting of main vessel increased the maximum CWS in the the side branch (SB), resulting in a nearly two-fold increase of stress ratio in the SB compared to the MB (5.1 × 105 vs. 9.2 × 105). The existence of plaque decreased WSS and increased CWS near the carina, increasing the stress ratio at the SB. The changes of stress ratio were highly consistent with clinical data on bifurcation stenting. Fluid dynamics and solids mechanics should be considered in planning of stenting for a specific bifurcation, as their combined biomechanical effect may play an important role in stent restenosis and thrombosis.
Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs employing Terminalia arjuna leaf extract and its efficacy towards catalytic degradation of organic dyes
Authors: Raj Shani , Singh Hanwant , Trivedi Rohini , Soni Vineet 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we demonstrated the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by highly stable, economic and eco-friendly method using leaf extract of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) and employing as a catalyst for the degradation of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), congo red (CR) and 4- nitrophenol (4-NP). The biosynthesis of AgNPs was visually validated through the appearance of reddish-brown color and further confirmed by the UV-spectra at 418 nm. The TEM and FE-SEM studies revealed the spherical shape of particles with size ranged between 10–50 nm. Face centered cubic crystalline nature of AgNPs was proved by XRD analysis. The negative value of zeta potential (−21.7) indicated the stability of AgNPs and elemental composition was confirmed by EDS. FT-IR analysis revealed the functional groups present in the plant extract trigger the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The AgNPs exhibited strong degradation of MO (86.68%), MB (93.60%), CR (92.20%) and 4NP (88.80%) by completing the reduction reaction within 20 min. The reaction kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order and displayed k-values (rate constant) 0.166 min−1, 0.138 min−1, 0.182 min−1 and 0.142 min−1 for MO, MB, CR and 4-NP respectively. This study showed an efficient, feasible and reproducible method for the biosynthesis of eco-friendly, cheap and long-time stable AgNPs and their application as potent catalysts against the degradation of hazardous dyes.
LncRNA GNAS-AS1 facilitates ER+ breast cancer cells progression by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via regulating miR-433-3p/GATA3 axis
Authors: Liu Shi-Qin , Zhou Zhi-Yang , Dong Xue , Guo Lei , Zhang Ke-Jing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: ER+ breast cancer is the most common type of breast cancer, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of women. Recently, lncRNAs mediated tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) were identified to involve in tumorigenesis. Therefore, the present study aimed at demonstrating the regulatory network of GNAS-AS1 in TAM-mediated ER+ breast cancer progress.
Methods: The expression levels of genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR. The proportions of polarized macrophages (M1, M2) were assessed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assay, respectively. Double-luciferase reporter system was used to detect the interaction between molecules. Western blot was applied to test protein levels.
Results: The expression of GNAS-AS1 was obviously increased in ER+ breast cancer tissues and cell lines, as well as M2 macrophages. GNAS-AS1 facilitated the capabilities of proliferation, migration and invasion of ER+ breast cancer cells by accelerating M2 macrophage polarization via directly sponging miR-433-3p. GATA3, as a target of miR-433-3p, could positively regulate by GNAS-AS1. Furthermore, either miR-433-3p overexpression or GATA3 knockdown impaired the effects of GNAS-AS1 on M2 macrophage polarization and ER+ breast cancer cells progression.
Conclusion: GNAS-AS1/miR-433-3p/GATA3 axis promoted proliferation, metastasis of ER+ breast cancer cells by accelerating M2 macrophage polarization. The mechanism may provide a new strategy and target for ER+ breast cancer treatment.
Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes: Genetic Susceptibility and the Response
to Supplementation
Authors: Penna-Martinez Marissa , Badenhoop Klaus , Klahold Edith , Bruns Franziska , Seidl Christian , Wicker Sabine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVariants of vitamin D metabolism-genes may predispose to type 2 diabetes (T2D).
This study investigated the impact of these variants on disease susceptibility,
Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, C-peptide and HbA1c levels before and after
cholecalciferol supplementation in patients with T2D.Twelve polymorphisms within CYP2R1, CYP27B1, DBP, VDR and CYP24A1 were genotyped
in 553 T2D patients and 916 controls. In addition 65 patients receiving either
cholecalciferol or placebo were analyzed during 6 months intervention and 6
months follow-up.T2D risk alleles are VDR rs7975232 “G”
(pc=0.031), rs1544410 “G”
(pc=0.027) and CYP2R1 rs10741657 “A”
(pc=0.016). Patients with genotypes CYP27B1 rs10877012
“CC” (pc=4x10-5), DBP rs7041
“GG” (pc=0.003), rs4588 “CC”
(pc = 3x10-4), CYP24A1 rs2585426
“CG” (pc=0.006) and rs2248137
“CG” (pc=0.001) showed lower 25(OH)D3 and DBP
rs4588 “CC” lower 1,25(OH)2D3 levels
(pc=0.005). Whereas DBP rs4588 “CC”
(pc=0.009), CYP27B1 rs10877012 “AC”
(pc=0.059), VDR rs7975323 “AG”
(pc=0.033) and rs1544410 “GG”
(pc=0.013) are associated with higher 25(OH)D3 levels at
6 months’ follow-up. Significant PTH suppression was detected for CYP2R1
“AG“ (pc=0.002), DBP rs4588
“CC” (pc<0.001), VDR rs110735810
“CT” (pc<0.001) and CYP24A1 rs2248137
“GG” (pc=0.021).Genetic variants of the vitamin D system predispose to type 2 diabetes and
regulate – partially - vitamin D metabolism, concentrations and the
vitamin D status. Vitamin D insufficiency is a T2D risk factor. The response to
cholecalciferol supplementation can be measured as 25(OH)D3 increment and PTH
suppression. This process is regulated by genes of the vitamin D system
conferring modest T2D risk.
Perinatal Outcome of Twin Pregnancies Complicated by Rupture of Membranes at 13–20 Weeks: Is Selective Termination an Appropriate Management Option?
Authors: Zajicek Michal , Yagel Simcha , Valsky Dan , Ben-Ami Moshe , Yinon Yoav , Weisz Boaz , Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Lipitz Shlomo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective To evaluate the outcome of twin pregnancies that were complicated by rupture of membranes at 13–20 weeks of gestation and were managed by expectant management or by selective termination.Methods A retrospective cohort study of all bichorionic twin pregnancies that were referred to three fetal medicine units between 2001 and 2016, due to rupture of membranes of one sac at 13–20 weeks of gestation. Women without clinical signs of infection who opted for expectant management or selective termination were included.Results 20 patients met the inclusion criteria. 7 of them were managed expectantly and 13 underwent selective termination. In the expectant management group there was one case of fetal demise and two cases of neonatal death, resulting in a survival rate of 79 %. The median gestational age at delivery was 30 weeks. 3 neonates suffered from prematurity-related complications and 2 suffered from oligohydramnios-related orthopedic complications. Following selective termination the survival rate was 50 % (all fetuses that were not reduced), the median gestational age at delivery was 39 weeks, and the neonatal outcome was favorable. The maternal outcome was favorable in both groups.Conclusion Selective termination in twin pregnancies complicated by rupture of membranes at 13–20 weeks has a favorable outcome and should be offered.
Psychisch krank in Krisenzeiten: Subjektive Belastungen durch COVID-19
Authors: Frank Andreas , Hörmann Sophia , Krombach Julia , Fatke Bastian , Holzhüter Fabian , Frank Wolfgang , Sondergeld Rebecca , Förstl Hans , Hölzle Patricia 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Wir untersuchen die alltagsrelevanten und klinischen Auswirkungen der aktuellen Corona-Krise auf Menschen mit vorbestehenden psychischen Erkrankungen.
Methode Neben der klinischen Untersuchung wurde den Patienten, die sich derzeit in unserer stationären oder ambulanten Behandlung befinden, ein standardisierter Fragebogen zur subjektiven Belastung und psychiatrischen Versorgung ausgehändigt.
Ergebnisse Mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten sah eine Verschlechterung der psychischen Erkrankung durch den Ausnahmezustand. Schwerer Erkrankte waren stärker belastet.
Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit psychischen Erkrankungen stellen in der gegenwärtigen Krise eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe dar. Es bedarf einer Anpassung der psychiatrischen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgung; spezifische Belastungen müssen bei Patienten mit allen Diagnosegruppen aktiv erfragt werden.
Von Risiken zu Ressourcen bei Demenz und Depression im Alter
Authors: Spannhorst Stefan , Wittmiß Sonja , Schmid-Furstoss Ulrich , Kreisel Stefan 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Fallbericht werden die Vorteile multiprofessioneller Kooperation von BehandlerInnen bei der gerontopsychiatrischen Arbeit in einer Psychiatrischen Institutsambulanz (PIA) dargestellt. Psychologin und Psychiater arbeiten parallel auch stationär fallverantwortlich und können auf die dortige Behandlungsexpertise zurückgreifen. So gelingt eine abgestufte Versorgung einer an Demenz erkrankten Frau und ihres parallel an rezidivierenden Depressionen erkrankten Ehemanns. Interdependenzen der Symptomatik beider Erkrankungen verlangen eine enge Koordination.