bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular phosphoesterases of invertebrate origin: underrated actors in phosphorus recycling?
Authors: Böök Imke Maiken , Saborowski Reinhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExtracellular enzymes contribute substantially to the remineralisation of organic matter in aquatic systems. Marine invertebrates release endogenous enzymes through activities such as sloppy feeding or egestion, but the significance of such processes is widely unexplored. We compared functional key properties such as activity, stability, and apparent molecular masses of extracellular phosphatases from faeces of the marine crustaceansIdotea balthica,Palaemon varians, andHomarus gammaruswith those of their digestive organs. A fluorescent substrate was used to examine enzyme activity qualitatively on agarose plates and quantitatively in microplate assays. Apparent molecular masses and enzyme stability were examined by native substrate gel electrophoresis (NSGE). Active extracellular phosphatase were present in the faeces of all tested species. NSGE activity band patterns were similar in digestive tissue extracts and faeces extracts. The initial enzyme activity retained for about 2 days, but thereafter rapidly decreased. Activity band patterns of digestive organs and faeces ofI. balthicaremained consistent for up to 72 h. Antibiotic treatment did not reduce phosphatase activity in the faeces ofI. balthicaandH. gammarusbut in the faecesP. varians. Because of the comparatively high activities in the faeces, the electrophoretic similarity between faeces and digestive organs, and the limited durability of the enzymes in faeces extracts, we conclude that the studied crustaceans release predominantly endogenous, rather than bacterial phosphatases through faeces. These can substantially contribute to the pool of active extracellular phosphatases and the recycling of phosphorus in aquatic systems. The wider physiological and ecological context is discussed.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment early after myocardial infarction attenuates acute cardiac and neuroinflammation without effect on chronic neuroinflammation
Authors: Borchert Tobias , Hess Annika , Lukačević Mario , Ross Tobias L. , Bengel Frank M. , Thackeray James T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a local inflammatory response which orchestrates cardiac repair and contributes to concurrent neuroinflammation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy not only attenuates cardiac remodeling by interfering with the neurohumoral system, but also influences acute leukocyte mobilization from hematopoietic reservoirs. Here, we seek to dissect the anti-inflammatory and anti-remodeling contributions of ACE inhibitors to the benefit of heart and brain outcomes after MI.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice underwent permanent coronary artery ligation (n = 41) or sham surgery (n = 9). Subgroups received ACE inhibitor enalapril (20 mg/kg, oral) either early (anti-inflammatory strategy; 10 days treatment beginning 3 days prior to surgery; n = 9) or delayed (anti-remodeling; continuous from 7 days post-MI; n = 16), or no therapy (n = 16). Cardiac and neuroinflammation were serially investigated using whole-body macrophage- and microglia-targeted translocator protein (TSPO) PET at 3 days, 7 days, and 8 weeks. In vivo PET signal was validated by autoradiography and histopathology.

Results
Myocardial infarction evoked higher TSPO signal in the infarct region at 3 days and 7 days compared with sham (p < 0.001), with concurrent elevation in brain TSPO signal (+ 18%, p = 0.005). At 8 weeks after MI, remote myocardium TSPO signal was increased, consistent with mitochondrial stress, and corresponding to recurrent neuroinflammation. Early enalapril treatment lowered the acute TSPO signal in the heart and brain by 55% (p < 0.001) and 14% (p = 0.045), respectively. The acute infarct signal predicted late functional outcome (r = 0.418, p = 0.038). Delayed enalapril treatment reduced chronic myocardial TSPO signal, consistent with alleviated mitochondrial stress. Early enalapril therapy tended to lower TSPO signal in the failing myocardium at 8 weeks after MI (p = 0.090) without an effect on chronic neuroinflammation.

Conclusions
Whole-body TSPO PET identifies myocardial macrophage infiltration and neuroinflammation after MI, and altered cardiomyocyte mitochondrial density in chronic heart failure. Improved chronic cardiac outcome by enalapril treatment derives partially from acute anti-inflammatory activity with complementary benefits in later stages. Whereas early ACE inhibitor therapy lowers acute neuroinflammation, chronic alleviation is not achieved by early or delayed ACE inhibitor therapy, suggesting a more complex mechanism underlying recurrent neuroinflammation in ischemic heart failure.
Evaluation of improved attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MR on patients with bone metastasis using various radiotracers
Authors: Grafe Hong , Lindemann Maike E. , Ruhlmann Verena , Oehmigen Mark , Hirmas Nader , Umutlu Lale , Herrmann Ken , Quick Harald H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluates the quantitative effect of improved MR-based attenuation correction (AC), including bone segmentation and the HUGE method for truncation correction in PET/MR whole-body hybrid imaging specifically of oncologic patients with bone metastasis and using various radiotracers.

Methods
Twenty-three patients that underwent altogether 28 whole-body PET/MR examinations with findings of bone metastasis were included in this study. Different radiotracers (18F-FDG, 68Ga-PSMA, 68Ga-DOTATOC, 124I–MIBG) were injected according to appropriate clinical indications. Each of the 28 whole-body PET datasets was reconstructed three times using AC with (1) standard four-compartment μ-maps (background air, lung, muscle, and soft tissue), (2) five-compartment μ-maps (adding bone), and (3) six-compartment μ-maps (adding bone and HUGE truncation correction). The SUVmax of each detected bone lesion was measured in each reconstruction to evaluate the quantitative impact of improved MR-based AC. Relative difference images between four- and six-compartment μ-maps were calculated. MR-based HUGE truncation correction was compared with the PET-based MLAA truncation correction method in all patients.

Results
Overall, 69 bone lesions were detected and evaluated. The mean increase in relative difference over all 69 lesions in SUVmax was 5.4 ± 6.4% when comparing the improved six-compartment AC with the standard four-compartment AC. Maximal relative difference of 28.4% was measured in one lesion. Truncation correction with HUGE worked robust and resulted in realistic body contouring in all 28 exams and for all 4 different radiotracers. Truncation correction with MLAA revealed overestimations of arm tissue volume in all PET/MR exams with 18F-FDG radiotracer and failed in all other exams with radiotracers 68Ga-PSMA, 68Ga-DOTATOC, and 124I- MIBG due to limitations in body contour detection.

Conclusion
Improved MR-based AC, including bone segmentation and HUGE truncation correction in whole-body PET/MR on patients with bone lesions and using various radiotracers, is important to ensure best possible diagnostic image quality and accurate PET quantification. The HUGE method for truncation correction based on MR worked robust and results in realistic body contouring, independent of the radiotracers used.
Malignant Insulinoma: A Rare Form of Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Sada Alaa , Glasgow Amy E. , Vella Adrian , Thompson Geoffrey B. , McKenzie Travis J. , Habermann Elizabeth B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionDue to the rarity of malignant insulinoma, a lack of the literature describing factors affecting outcomes exists. Our aim was to review malignant insulinoma incidence, characteristics and survival trends.MethodsWe identified all patients with malignant insulinoma in the SEER registries from 1973 to 2015. Incidence, neoplasm characteristics and factors affecting cancer‐specific survival (CSS) were described.ResultsA total of 121 patients were identified. The crude annual overall incidence was low (range 0.0–0.27 cases per million person years). The largest proportion had localized disease (40%), while 16% had regional disease, 39% distant metastatic disease, and stage was unreported in 5%. Most neoplasms were in the body/tail of the pancreas, followed by the head of the pancreas. Grade was reported in 40% of patients; only a single patient reported as having grade IV with the remainder all grades I/II. Surgical resection was performed in 64% of patients. Within surgical patients, the median primary neoplasm size was 1.8 cm. Regional lymph nodes were examined in 57.1% of surgical patients, while 34% of examined nodes were positive. The median CSS was 183 months. On multivariable analysis, surgical resection, male sex and absence of metastatic disease were associated with superior survival.ConclusionWhile the greatest proportion of patients with malignant insulinoma present with localized disease, regional lymph node involvement was found in 34% of whose nodes were tested. Further studies are needed to assess the role of lymph node dissection in improving survival and preventing recurrence given the observed frequency of lymph node involvement.
Predictive performance of the mHAP-II score in a real-life western cohort with hepatocellular carcinoma following trans-arterial chemoembolisation with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE)
Authors: Peisen Felix , Maurer Michael , Grosse Ulrich , Nikolaou Konstantin , Syha Roland , Ketelsen Dominik , Artzner Christoph , Bitzer Michael , Horger Marius , Grözinger Gerd 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the predictive performance of the modified hepatoma arterial embolisation prognostic II (mHAP-II) score in a real-life western hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cohort treated with drug-eluting bead-TACE and compare the mHAP-II with other scores in this cohort.MethodsOne hundred seventy-nine HCC patients (mean age 77 (± 9) years, 87% male) with one or more drug-eluting bead (DEB)-TACE sessions using 100–300 μm microspheres were retrospectively analysed. Performance analysis of the mHAP-II score was based on Mann-WhitneyUtests, the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank tests, receiver operating characteristics, Akaike’s information criterion and Cox regression models.ResultsIn this population, HCC risk factors were mainly alcohol abuse (31%) and hepatitis C (28%). The median survival of the entire cohort was 29.4 months. mHAP-II classification of the cohort was mHAP-II B (30%), C (41%) and D (23%) respectively. Survival of all subgroups differed significantly from each other (eachp < 0.05). Area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic was 0.60 and Akaike’s information criterion was 21.8 (p = 0.03), indicating a superior performance of mHAP-II score compared with HAP score and BCLC. Tumour number ≥ two (HR 1.54), alpha-fetoprotein > 400 μg/l (HR 1.14), serum albumin < 3.6 g/dl (HR 1.63) and total bilirubin > 0.9 mg/dl (HR 1.58) contributed significantly in Cox proportional hazards regression (eachp < 0.05).ConclusionThe mHAP-II score can predict survival outcomes of western HCC patients undergoing DEB-TACE and further subdivide this heterogeneous group; however, certain limitations concerning the predictive power of mHAP-II score must be taken into account.Key Points• This retrospective study evaluated the predictive performance of the modified hepatoma arterial embolisation prognostic II (mHAP-II) score in a real-life western HCC cohort treated with drug-eluting bead-TACE.• Survival of all mHAP-II subgroups differed significantly, area under the curve for mHAP-II was 0.60 and Akaike’s information criterion was 21.8.• The mHAP-II score can predict survival outcomes of western HCC patients undergoing DEB-TACE and further subdivide this heterogeneous group. However, because the study is underpowered, true survival prediction may be more difficult to infer.
The effect of atmospheric pressure on oxygen saturation and dyspnea: the Tromsø study
Authors: Dohmen Lisa M. E. , Spigt Mark , Melbye Hasse 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA drop in atmospheric pressure, as observed at high altitudes, leads to decreased oxygen saturation. The effect of regular changes in barometric pressure at sea level has never been studied in a general population. A cohort of adults aged 40 years were examined with pulse oximetry at two separate visits, and the local barometric pressure was available from the local weather station. The study aimed at determining the effect of atmospheric pressure on oxygen saturation also called SpO2, as well as on shortness of breath. Based on spirometry, the participants were divided into two groups, with normal and decreased lung function. Decreased lung function was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) below lower limit or normal (LLN) or FEV1/FVC (FVC, forced vital capacity) below LLN, with GLI 2012 reference values. The statistical analysis included uni/multivariable linear and logistic regression. A total of 7439 participants of the Tromsø 7 cohort study were included. There was a significant association between barometric pressure and SpO2 < 96%, and we found that a reduction of 166.67 hPa was needed to get a 1% reduction in SpO2. The change in atmospheric pressure was not significantly associated with shortness of breath, also not in subjects with reduced lung function.
Clinical and radiation dose-volume factors related to pneumonitis after treatment with radiation and durvalumab in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Inoue Hiroto , Ono Akira , Kawabata Takanori , Mamesaya Nobuaki , Kawamura Takahisa , Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Wakuda Kazushige , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Naito Tateaki , Murakami Haruyasu , Yasui Kazuaki , Ogawa Hirofumi , Onoe Tsuyoshi , Endo Masahiro , Harada Hideyuki , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIntroduction Durvalumab has been shown to confer a survival benefit after definitive chemoradiotherapy in the patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, but no studies have attempted to identify risk factors for pneumonitis after durvalumab therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between clinical and radiation dose-volume factors, and the severity of pneumonitis. Methods We retrospectively assessed the cases of 30 patients who had been started on durvalumab therapy between July 2018 and February 2019. In this study we evaluated the percentage of lung volume receiving radiation dose in excess of 20 Gy (V20) as radiation dose-volume factor. We compared V20 and some baseline factors between a grade 0 or 1 (Gr 0/1) pneumonitis group and a grade 2 or more (≥Gr 2) pneumonitis group, and we performed a logistic regression analysis to establish the associations between variables and ≥ Gr 2 pneumonitis. Results Pneumonitis had developed in 22 patients (73.3%): Gr 1/2/3–5 in 8 (26.7%)/14 (46.7%) /0 (0%), respectively. The difference in V20 between the Gr 0/1 group and Gr 2 group (median: 20.5% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.505) was not statistically significant, and thus V20 was not a risk factor for Gr 2 pneumonitis (odds ratio: 1.047, p = 0.303). None of the clinical factors, including sex, age, smoking history, presence of baseline pneumonitis, type of radiation therapy, location of lesion and facility, were risk factors. Conclusions Our study suggest that the severity of pneumonitis after durvalumab is unrelated to V20 or any of the clinical factors assessed in this study.
Influence of the hyperfine structure on plutonium in resonant laser-SNMS
Authors: Bosco Hauke , Weiss Martin , Raiwa Manuel , Walther Clemens , Kneip Nina , Wendt Klaus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResonance ionization mass spectrometry is an ultra-sensitive and highly element selective tool for spectroscopy, ionization and detection of atoms and thus enables rare isotope determination. In combination with spatially resolved sputtering of neutrals by an initial ion beam, e.g. within a commercial secondary ion mass spectrometer, an isotope and isobar selective analysis technique with resolution on the micrometer scale for particles and surfaces is realized. Detection of minuscule amounts of specific actinides, e.g. of plutonium, in environmental and technical samples by this ultra-trace analysis technique requires detailed knowledge about the atomic physics of the element. Identification and characterization of the specific resonance ionization scheme applied within the particular geometry of the apparatus in use is needed. An analysis of the dependence of the specifications, specifically regarding the influence of the relative laser beam polarizations is presented here as an aspect, that could have a severe impact on isotope ratio precision and overall efficiency in the resulting ion signal.
Correction to: EGFR signaling augments TLR4 cell surface expression and function in macrophages via regulation of Rab5a activation
Authors: Tang Jing , Zhou Bowei , Scott Melanie J. , Chen Linsong , Lai Dengming , Fan Erica K. , Li Yuehua , Wu Qiang , Billiar Timothy R. , Wilson Mark A. , Wang Ping , Fan Jie 
Published: March 2020

In the original publication the bands in Fig. 1J and Fig. 2B were not visible. The correct versions of Fig. 1J and Fig. 2B are provided in this correction.
Teaching next-generation sequencing to medical students with a&nbsp;portable sequencing device
Authors: Cervantes Jorge , Perry Cynthia , Wang Min Chih 
Published: March 2020

Background There continues to be a disjoint between the emergence of new diagnostic technologies and venues to train new physicians on how to apply them. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become a very important tool for a wide range of clinical applications. Technical complexity and cost have been the major obstacles in incorporating these technologies into the classroom.
Goal for innovation We opted to use the MinION, which is a new portable DNA sequencer that can produce data in real-time at a relatively low cost, for a NGS hands-on workshop with medical students.
Steps taken We conducted a pilot NGS hands-on practical module in order to expose an interested group of medical students to this new portable sequencer device. A pre- and post-survey, using a Likert-type scale survey items and open-ended questions, evaluated participant resistance to new diagnostic tools, familiarity with NGS, and likelihood to use a portable sequencer in clinical practice.
Outcomes Prior to participating in our learning workshop, students did not understand how to incorporate NGS into clinical practice, and expressed that cost and prior training/knowledge were among the limiting factors in their likelihood to use NGS as a diagnostic tool. After participating in the module, students’ responses demonstrated a shift in their understanding of the scientific principles and applications of NGS (pre- and post-survey scores p < 0.05).
Reflection The hands-on experience not only helped students become closer to and more comfortable with NGS, but also served as a venue to discuss the science and application
A novel thermo-mechanical coupling approach for thermal fracturing of rocks in the three-dimensional FDEM
Authors: Joulin Clément , Xiang Jiansheng , Latham John-Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a new three-dimensional thermo-mechanical (TM) coupling approach for thermal fracturing of rocks in the finite–discrete element method (FDEM). The linear thermal expansion formula is implemented in the context of FDEM according to the concept of the multiplicative split of the deformation gradient. The presented TM formulation is derived in the geo-mechanical solver, enabling thermal expansion and thermally induced fracturing. This TM approach is validated against analytical solutions of the Cauchy stress, thermal expansion and stress distribution. Additionally, the thermal load on the previously validated configurations is increased and the resulting fracture initiation and propagation are observed. Finally, simulation results of the cracking of a reinforced concrete structure under thermal stress are compared to experimental results. Results are in excellent agreement.
Constraining Design: Applying the Insights of Cognitive Work Analysis to the Design of Novel In-Car Interfaces to Support Eco-Driving
Authors: Allison Craig K. , Stanton Neville A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe design with intent (DwI) toolkit assists designers in creating novel designs and interfaces. DwI, however, is not constrained to any degree, making it impossible to know whether the produced designs adequately account for users’ needs. In contrast, cognitive work analysis (CWA) is a human factors research tool that seeks to map a system and account for users’ needs, yet does not provide clear guidelines for progressing such analysis into workable designs with which users can interact. This paper seeks to present a proof-of-concept investigation to demonstrate that DwI can be suitably constrained and validated by insights gained from CWA. CWA, in turn, benefits by having a suitable toolkit for progressing insights. Two teams of individuals without design backgrounds were able to develop mock-up in-vehicle interfaces aimed at reducing fuel use. The teams were able to use DwI toolkit to articulate the genesis of their ideas, which in turn could be directly linked to system needs identified within CWA.
Mental health research capacity building in sub-Saharan Africa: the African Mental Health Research Initiative
Authors: Chibanda Dixon , Abas Melanie , Musesengwa Rosemary , Merritt Chris , Sorsdahl Katherine , Mangezi Walter , Bandawe Chiwoza , Cowan Frances , Araya Ricardo , Gomo Exnevia , Gibson Lorna , Weiss Helen , Hanlon Charlotte , Lund Crick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Mental, neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders are a leading, but neglected, cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The treatment gap for MNS is vast with only 10% of people with MNS disorders in low-income countries accessing evidence-based treatments. Reasons for this include low awareness of the burden of MNS disorders and limited evidence to support development, adaptation and implementation of effective and feasible treatments. The overall goal of the African Mental Health Research Initiative (AMARI) is to build an African-led network of MNS researchers in Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe, who are equipped to lead high quality mental health research programs that meet the needs of their countries, and to establish a sustainable career pipeline for these researchers with an emphasis on integrating MNS research into existing programs such as HIV/AIDS. This paper describes the process leading to the development of AMARI's objectives through a theory of change workshop, successes and challenges that have been faced by the consortium in the last 4 years, and the future role that AMARI could play in further building MNS research capacity by brining on board more institutions from low- and middle-income countries with an emphasis on developing an evidence-based training curriculum and a research-driven care service.
Identification of COVID-19 can be quicker through artificial intelligence framework using a mobile phone–based survey when cities and towns are under quarantine
Authors: Srinivasa Rao Arni S. R. , Vazquez Jose A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe propose the use of a machine learning algorithm to improve possible COVID-19 case identification more quickly using a mobile phone–based web survey. This method could reduce the spread of the virus in susceptible populations under quarantine.