bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There a Relation Between Caregiver Burden and Cognitive Dysfunction in Huntington’s Disease?
Authors: Schumacher-Kuiper M. M. , van Loon A. M. , Peeters C. F. W. , Ekkel M. R. , Hertogh C. M. P. M. , Veenhuizen R. B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCaring for a family member with Huntington’s disease (HD) can be seriously burdensome. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms that are part of HD can impact the quality of life of caregivers. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between caregiver burden, cognitive impairment and patient characteristics. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 33 adult HD-outpatient-caregiver dyads. We assessed caregiver burden and cognitive functioning of the included patient on the same day with the MCSI and MoCA respectively. For statistical analysis, we performed a network analysis and used descriptive statistics to describe our study sample. Caregivers scored on average 13.5 out of 26 points on the MCSI. The scores on the MoCA of the HD patients varied from 9 to 30 and was on average 22. Our network analysis demonstrated an indirect relationship between cognitive functioning and caregiver burden, in which CAG repeat length and the time since HD has been diagnosed are the primary mediators. We found a negative association between CAG repeat length and cognitive functioning. Furthermore, a relationship was found between higher caregiver burden and psychotropic drug use. We observed an indirect relationship between cognitive functioning and caregiver burden using network analysis. This analysis produces comprehensible results with the variables of interest. This study sheds new light on the components that make up caregiver burden in HD.
Motive und Rationalität des Protektionismus. Einige einfache spieltheoretische Überlegungen
Authors: Jerger Jürgen 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag nutzt einen einfachen spieltheoretischen Rahmen, um die protektionistischen Tendenzen der jüngeren Vergangenheit als Ergebnis der Interaktion von politischen Entscheidungsträgern in zwei Ländern zu verstehen. Die (in diesem Rahmen: binäre) Politikentscheidung zwischen Protektionismus und Freihandel hängt natürlich von den erwarteten wahrgenommenen Ergebnissen dieser Politikoptionen ab. Die Wahrnehmung dieser Ergebnisse steht dabei im Fokus dieses Papiers. Es werden die Bedingungen untersucht, unter denen Freihandel das Ergebnis der beiden Politikentscheidungen bleibt bzw. wann sich dieses Ergebnis in ein protektionistisches Gleichgewicht ändert.
Augmented bricklaying
Authors: Mitterberger Daniela , Dörfler Kathrin , Sandy Timothy , Salveridou Foteini , Hutter Marco , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAugmented bricklaying explores the manual construction of intricate brickwork through visual augmentation, and applies and validates the concept in a real-scale building project—a fair-faced brickwork facade for a winery in Greece. As shown in previous research, robotic systems have proven to be very suitable to achieve various differentiated brickwork designs with high efficiency but show certain limitations, for example, in regard to spatial freedom or the usage of mortar on site. Hence, this research aims to show that through the use of a craft-specific augmented reality system, the same geometric complexity and precision seen in robotic fabrication can be achieved with an augmented manual process. Towards this aim, a custom-built augmented reality system for in situ construction was established. This process allows bricklayers to not depend on physical templates, and it enables enhanced spatial freedom, preserving and capitalizing on the bricklayer’s craft of mortar handling. In extension to conventional holographic representations seen in current augmented reality fabrication processes that have limited context-awareness and insufficient geometric feedback capabilities, this system is based on an object-based visual–inertial tracking method to achieve dynamic optical guidance for bricklayers with real-time tracking and highly precise 3D registration features in on-site conditions. By integrating findings from the field of human–computer interfaces and human–machine communication, this research establishes, explores, and validates a human–computer interactive fabrication system, in which explicit machine operations and implicit craftsmanship knowledge are combined. In addition to the overall concept, the method of implementation, and the description of the project application, this paper also quantifies process parameters of the applied augmented reality assembly method concerning building accuracy and assembly speed. In the outlook, this paper aims to outline future directions and potential application areas of object-aware augmented reality systems and their implications for architecture and digital fabrication.
3D Model for Active Vibration Control of Rotating Machines Mounted on Active Machine Foot Mounts Using Vibration Mode Coupling by Asymmetry
Authors: Werner Ulrich 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In this work, active vibration control of rotating machines mounted on active machine foot mounts is investigated.

Methods
Therefore, a simplified 3D model is derived and the mathematical coherences are described. Different mathematical solutions are presented for special boundary conditions and a method called “vibration mode coupling by asymmetry” is derived.

Results
It could be shown that a symmetrical system with a machine design, where the center of gravity lies symmetrically between the machine feet with a vertical distance, and where all actuators are identical, represents a system, where all vibration shapes but one can be influenced by the controllers, when the gyroscopic effect can be neglected. In this case, a special vibration shape occurs—where the machine is only rotating at its vertical axis—which cannot be influenced by the controllers. When the stiffness and/or damping in axial and/or horizontal direction of only one actuator will be changed—which will lead to an asymmetrical system—the vibration shape with pure rotation at the vertical axis will not exist anymore. Now, the vibration shapes will become more coupled and they all can be influenced by the controllers, which is here called “vibration mode coupling by asymmetry”.

Conclusions
With the here presented method of “vibration mode coupling by asymmetry”, all vibrations mode shapes can now be active controlled.
Relation of Birthweight and Ovarian and Uterine Size Prior to Menarche
Authors: Parisi Nadia , Tassi Alice , Capodicasa Valentina , Xholli Anjeza , Cagnacci Angelo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring pregnancy, supply of nutrients and exposure of the mother to environmental factors can influence fetus phenotype, possibly modifying growth of fetal tissues and organs. Few studies inconsistently reported that fetuses exposed to an insufficient energy supply, as those born small for gestational age, may have a reduced volume of uterus and ovaries. A retrospective analysis was performed on ultrasound data performed between 2012 and 2018 in 69 young premenarchal girls, 5 to 9 years of age, attending our endocrine–gynecologic clinic for a suspect of early puberty. Length of pregnancy and birthweight was also retrieved. When corrected for age, and presence of ovarian follicles, ovarian volume was positively (R2 = 0.210; p = 0.001) related to percentiles of birthweight (beta coefficient 0.012; 95% CI, 0.002–0.021). Similarly, uterine volume was positively (R2 = 0.237; p = 0.005) related to percentiles of birthweight (beta coefficient 0.067; 95% CI, 0.021–0.114). Ovarian (p = 0.034) and uterine (p = 0.014) volume was higher in the upper 3rd distribution of birthweight percentiles. In conclusion, development of ovarian and uterine volume increases progressively with the increase of birthweight percentiles. The data indicate an association between birthweight and the volume of uterus and ovary at 5–9 years of age.
The effects of treatment and management history on the control of Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum), Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), and punktree (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
Authors: Dietz Samantha L. , Anderson Chad T. , Sowell Dexter R. , Gundy Robert L. , King Linda E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo successfully reduce overall invasive plant cover over time, an effective treatment plan must be established such that mortality exceeds new colonization and resprouting growth rates. However, few evaluations of the effects of long-term, consistent treatment at different intervals exist. We report the effects of treatment intensity on Old World climbing fern [Lygodium microphyllum(Cav.) R. Br.], Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifoliaRaddi), and punktree [Melaleuca quinquenervia(Cav.) S. F. Blake] as part of a large restoration project that has been underway for 6 yr in Telegraph Swamp at Babcock Ranch Preserve, a 27,520-hectare (68,000-acre) conservation area in Florida, USA. We found that at the end of the 6-yr period, for all three species, average live cover did not exceed 5% across all transects. In addition, dead foliar cover was higher than live cover for all three invasive plants, indicating progress toward restoration goals. We also found that percent live cover ofL. microphyllumwas significantly reduced only after four or more treatments were applied during the 6-yr period, as opposed to when three or fewer treatments were applied. Reductions in percent cover of live foliage were apparent only when the treatments were applied more often than biennially, as opposed to less often than biennially. Additionally, we found higherL. microphyllumcover in clear-cut and replanted cypress stands than in natural stands. Based on these findings, we conclude that treatments applied four or more times, or more often than biennially, were more effective at significantly reducing advanced invasions ofL. microphyllum,S. terebinthifolia, andM. quinquenervia, especially where previous management activities or their effects may have increased the cover of invasive plants.
An Accurate Performance Prediction of Solid Fuel Ramjets Using Coupled Intake-Combustor-Nozzle Simulation
Authors: Tahsini A. M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe performance of the solid fuel ramjet is accurately predicted using full part simulation of this propulsion system, where the flow fields of the intake, combustion chamber, and the nozzle are numerically studied all together. The conjugate heat transfer is considered between the solid phase and the gas phase to directly compute the regression rate of the fuel. The finite volume solver of the compressible turbulent reacting flow is utilized to study the axisymmetric three dimensional flow fields, and two blocks are used to discretize the computational domain. It is shown that the combustion chamber's pressure is changed due to the fuel flow rate's increment which must be taken into account in predictions. The results demonstrate that omitting the pressure dependence of the regression rate and also the effect of the combustor's inlet profile on the regression rate, which specially exists when simulating the combustion chamber individually, under-predicts the solid fuel burning rate when the regression rate augmentation technique is applied to improve the performance of the solid fuel ramjets. It is also illustrated that using the inlet swirl to increase the regression rate of the solid fuel augments considerably the thrust level of the considered SFRJ, while the predictions without considering all parts of the ramjet is not accurate.
Teleseismic earthquake wavefields observed on the Ross Ice Shelf
Authors: Baker Michael G. , Aster Richard C. , Wiens Douglas A. , Nyblade Andrew , Bromirski Peter D. , Gerstoft Peter , Stephen Ralph A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObservations of teleseismic earthquakes using broadband seismometers on the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) must contend with environmental and structural processes that do not exist for land-sited seismometers. Important considerations are: (1) a broadband, multi-mode ambient wavefield excited by ocean gravity wave interactions with the ice shelf; (2) body wave reverberations produced by seismic impedance contrasts at the ice/water and water/seafloor interfaces and (3) decoupling of the solid Earth horizontal wavefield by the sub-shelf water column. We analyze seasonal and geographic variations in signal-to-noise ratios for teleseismic P-wave (0.5–2.0 s), S-wave (10–15 s) and surface wave (13–25 s) arrivals relative to the RIS noise field. We use ice and water layer reverberations generated by teleseismic P-waves to accurately estimate the sub-station thicknesses of these layers. We present observations consistent with the theoretically predicted transition of the water column from compressible to incompressible mechanics, relevant for vertically incident solid Earth waves with periods longer than 3 s. Finally, we observe symmetric-mode Lamb waves generated by teleseismic S-waves incident on the grounding zones. Despite their complexity, we conclude that teleseismic coda can be utilized for passive imaging of sub-shelf Earth structure, although longer deployments relative to conventional land-sited seismometers will be necessary to acquire adequate data.
The stellar rotation–activity relation for a sample of SuperWASP and ASAS-SN field stars
Authors: Thiemann Heidi B. , Norton Andrew J. , Kolb Ulrich C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is well established that late-type main-sequence (MS) stars display a relationship between X-ray activity and the Rossby number,Ro, the ratio of rotation period to the convective turnover time. This manifests itself as a saturated regime (where X-ray activity is constant) and an unsaturated regime (where X-ray activity anti-correlates with Rossby number). However, this relationship breaks down for the fastest rotators. We cross-correlated SuperWASP visually classified photometric light curves and All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae automatically classified photometric light curves with XMM-Newton X-ray observations to identify 3 178 stars displaying a photometrically defined rotational modulation in their light curve and corresponding X-ray observations. We fitted a power-law to characterise the rotation–activity relation of 900 MS stars. We identified that automatically classified rotationally modulated light curves are not as reliable as visually classified light curves for this work. We found a power-law index in the unsaturated regime of G- to M-type stars of$\beta=-1.84\,\pm\,0.18$for the SuperWASP catalogue, in line with the canonical value of$\beta=-2$. We find evidence of supersaturation in the fastest rotating K-type stars, with a power-law index of$\beta_{s}=1.42\pm0.26$.
Viewpoint: do antipsychotics protect against early death? A critical view
Authors: Whitaker Robert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the past 15 years, researchers utilizing prescription databases to assess medication usage have concluded that antipsychotics reduce mortality in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. These findings stand in contrast to studies in non-psychiatric patients that have found that antipsychotics, because of their adverse effects on physical health, increase the risk of early death. A critical review of the evidence reveals that the worry remains. There is reason to conclude that antipsychotics contribute to the ‘mortality gap’ between the seriously mentally ill and the general population and that the database studies are plagued with methodological and reporting issues. Most importantly, the database studies tell of mortality rates within a drug-centered paradigm of care, which confounds any comparison of mortality risks when patients are on or off antipsychotics.
What distinguishes positive deviance (PD) health professionals from their peers and what impact does a PD intervention have on behaviour change: a cross-sectional study of infection control and prevention in three Israeli hospitals
Authors: Cohen R. , Gesser-Edelsburg A. , Singhal A. , Benenson S. , Moses A.E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Past studies using the positive deviance (PD) approach in the field of infection prevention and control (IPC) have primarily focused on impacts on healthcare-associated infection rates. This research aimed to determine if health professionals who exhibit PD behaviours have distinctive socio-cognitive profiles compared to non-PD professionals, and to examine the impact of a PD intervention on healthcare professionals’ (HPs) behavioural changes in maintaining IPC guidelines. In a cross-sectional study among 135 HPs, respondents first filled out a socio-cognitive characteristics questionnaire, and after 5 months were requested to complete a self-reported behavioural change questionnaire. The main findings indicate that socio-cognitive variables such as external locus of control, perceived threat and social learning were significant predictors of a person exhibiting PD behaviours. Almost 70% of HPs reported behavioural change and creating social networks as a result of the PD intervention in maintaining IPC guidelines, 16.9% of them are a ‘PD boosters’ (a new group of HPs who have adopted the positive practices of PDs that were originally identified, and also added additional practices of their own). Social networks can contribute to internalizing and raising personal accountability even among non-PD professionals, by creating a mind map that makes each person believe they are an important node in the network, regardless of their status and role. Health intervention programmes should purposely make visible and prominent social network connections in the hospital system.
How does supervision aid cognitive behaviour therapy skill development? Perspectives of CBT trainees: a thematic analysis
Authors: Murr Stephanie , Nicklas Leeanne , Harper Sean 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Eleven cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) trainees in Scotland were interviewed regarding their experiences of clinical supervision and its impact on their skill development. Using thematic analysis, the authors developed four main themes: Linking Theory to Practice, Mirroring CBT in Supervision, The Expert Supervisor, and Trainees’ Reluctance to Give Negative Feedback. Clinical supervision was essential in helping trainees to link theory to practice; particularly through audio recordings, discussing formulations, and modelling and role-play. A CBT-specific approach to supervision and a CBT expert supervisor were also identified as valuable to learning. Trainees were reluctant to give negative feedback to supervisors, fearing negative consequences. The findings inform supervision practice.

Key learning aims
Readers of this paper will be able to:

(1)
Describe trainees’ most valued elements of CBT supervision.

(2)
Determine key learning methods in CBT supervision.

(3)
Explain the value of modality specific CBT supervision.

(4)
Articulate the context of supervision in CBT training and consider mutual feedback as a method to address identified challenges.
Detection of the Chandler Wobble of Mars From Orbiting Spacecraft
Authors: Konopliv Alex S. , Park Ryan S. , Rivoldini Attilio , Baland Rose‐Marie , Le Maistre Sebastien , Van Hoolst Tim , Yseboodt Marie , Dehant Veronique 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFor the first time for any planetary body other than the Earth, the free wobble of the pole called the Chandler wobble has been detected for Mars with a period of 206.9 ± 0.5 days and amplitude of 10 cm from radio tracking observations of Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), in order of decreasing sensitivity. The motion of the rotation pole location on the surface of Mars, or polar motion, is observed using two different approaches: (1) joint global estimates of Mars' orientation and its gravity field and (2) time series solutions of C21 and S21. For Mars interior models, the Chandler wobble period is combined with other measurements including the moments of inertia from our estimated precession rate
and tidal Love number k2 = 0.169 ± 0.006. The Chandler wobble period constrains the rheology of the Martian mantle and in particular its long‐term frequency dependence.
Cross‐Scale Quantification of Storm‐Time Dayside Magnetospheric Magnetic Flux Content
Authors: Akhavan‐Tafti M. , Fontaine D. , Slavin J. A. , Le Contel O. , Turner D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA clear understanding of storm‐time magnetospheric dynamics is essential for a reliable storm forecasting capability. The dayside magnetospheric response to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME; dynamic pressure Pdyn > 20 nPa and storm‐time index SYM‐H < −150 nT) is investigated using in situ OMNI, Geotail, Cluster, MMS, GOES, Van Allen Probes, and THEMIS measurements. The dayside magnetic flux content is directly quantified from in situ magnetic field measurements at different radial distances. The arrival of the ICME, consisting of shock and sheath regions preceding a magnetic cloud, initiated a storm sudden commencement (SSC) phase (SYM‐H ~ +50 nT). At SSC, the magnetopause standoff distance was compressed earthward at ICME shock encounter at an average rate ~−10.8 Earth radii per hour for ~10 min, resulting in a rapid 40% reduction in the magnetospheric volume. The “closed” magnetic flux content remained constant at 170 ± 30 kWb inside the compressed dayside magnetosphere, even in the presence of dayside reconnection, as evident by an outsized flux transfer event containing 160 MWb. During the storm main and recovery phases, the magnetosphere expanded. The dayside magnetic flux did not remain constant within the expanding magnetosphere (110 ± 30 kWb), resulting in a 35% reduction in pre‐storm flux content during the magnetic cloud encounter. At that stage, the magnetospheric magnetic flux was eroded resulting in a weakened dayside magnetospheric field strength at radial distances R ≥ 5 RE. It is concluded that the inadequate replenishment of the eroded dayside magnetospheric flux during the magnetosphere expansion phase is due to a time lag in storm‐time Dungey cycle.
Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) regulates the actin cytoskeleton during synaptogenesis
Authors: Savino Elisa , Cervigni Romina Inès , Povolo Miriana , Stefanetti Alessandra , Ferrante Daniele , Valente Pierluigi , Corradi Anna , Benfenati Fabio , Guarnieri Fabrizia Claudia , Valtorta Flavia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMutations in proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) have been recently identified as the leading cause of a clinically heterogeneous group of neurological disorders sharing a paroxysmal nature, including paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and benign familial infantile seizures. To date, studies aimed at understanding its physiological functions in neurons have mainly focused on its ability to regulate neurotransmitter release and neuronal excitability. Here, we show that PRRT2 expression in non-neuronal cell lines inhibits cell motility and focal adhesion turnover, increases cell aggregation propensity, and promotes the protrusion of filopodia, all processes impinging on the actin cytoskeleton. In primary hippocampal neurons, PRRT2 silencing affects the synaptic content of filamentous actin and perturbs actin dynamics. This is accompanied by defects in the density and maturation of dendritic spines. We identified cofilin, an actin-binding protein abundantly expressed at the synaptic level, as the ultimate effector of PRRT2. Indeed, PRRT2 silencing unbalances cofilin activity leading to the formation of cofilin-actin rods along neurites. The expression of a cofilin phospho-mimetic mutant (cof-S3E) is able to rescue PRRT2-dependent defects in synapse density, spine number and morphology, but not the alterations observed in neurotransmitter release. Our data support a novel function of PRRT2 in the regulation of the synaptic actin cytoskeleton and in the formation of synaptic contacts.