bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rupture Directivity of the 2019 Mw 5.8 Changning, Sichuan, China, Earthquake and Implication for Induced Seismicity
Authors: Li Wei , Ni Sidao , Zang Chong , Chu Risheng 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTOn 17 June 2019, an ML 6.0 earthquake struck the Changning county in Sichuan Province of China, causing substantial casualties and property losses. The earthquake is the largest and the most damaging event in the Changning area and close to shale gas and salt mining production region. To investigate the possibility of the earthquake being induced, we resolve its rupture dimension and hypocentral depth via modeling of local seismic waveforms. The result reveals that its hypocentral depth is about 4 km, much shallower than most tectonic earthquake in surrounding regions. From moment tensor inversion (nodal plane 1 [NP1], strike 125°/dip 46°/rake 28°; NP2, strike 14°/dip 70°/rake 132°), the earthquake is found to be a strike-slip event with significant thrust component. We resolved rupture directivity via measuring the difference between centroid location and hypocenter location, and found that the causative fault is NP1 and ruptured northwestward with length about 14 km. Based on its shallow hypocentral depth, and proximity to nearby mining regions, we hypothesize that the Changning earthquake might be an induced event due to long-term fluid injection for salt mining. However, interdisciplinary studies are needed to test the hypothesis, including simulation of fluid migration and investigation of background stress as well as resolving mechanical parameters of the rocks in the epicentral regions.
ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning System Performance during the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Chung Angela I. , Meier Men-Andrin , Andrews Jennifer , Böse Maren , Crowell Brendan W. , McGuire Jeffrey J. , Smith Deborah E. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDuring July 2019, a sequence of earthquakes, including an Mw 6.4 foreshock and an Mw 7.1 mainshock, occurred near Ridgecrest, California. ShakeAlert, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) earthquake early warning system being developed for the U.S. West Coast, was operational during this time, although public alerting was only available within Los Angeles County. ShakeAlert created alert messages for the two largest events and for many of the larger aftershocks. In this study, we dissect log files and replay data through the system to reconstruct the sequence of events and analyze the performance of the system during that period. Although the system performed reasonably well overall, the sequence also revealed various issues and short comings that will be addressed in impending and future system upgrades. ShakeAlert detected and characterized both the Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 earthquakes within 6.9 s of their origin times and created alert messages that were available to ShakeAlert’s pilot users. No public alerts were sent out by the ShakeAlertLA cell phone app (the only publicly available alerting method at the time), because the predicted shaking for Los Angeles County was below the app’s alerting threshold of modified Mercalli intensity 4.0. For the Mw 6.4 event, this was accurate. For the Mw 7.1 event, public alerts for Los Angeles County were warranted, but ShakeAlert underpredicted the shaking levels, because both the point-source and finite-fault algorithms underestimated the magnitude of the earthquake by 0.8 units. A number of software and hardware issues that were responsible for the magnitude underestimation of the mainshock have been identified and will be addressed in future ShakeAlert releases. We also analyze the hypothetical alerting performance of ShakeAlert had public alerting been available throughout southern California.
San Andreas Fault Exploration Using Refraction Tomography andS-Wave-Type and Fϕ-Mode Guided Waves
Authors: Catchings Rufus D. , Rymer Michael J. , Goldman Mark R. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTSurface ruptures from the 18 April 1906 M∼7.9 San Francisco earthquake were distributed over an ∼35-meter-wide zone at San Andreas Lake on the San Francisco Peninsula in California (Schussler, 1906). Since ∼1906, the surface ruptures have been largely covered by water, but with water levels at near-historic low levels in 2008–2011, we observed that the 1906 surface ruptures were no longer visible. As a fault imaging test, we acquired refraction tomography and guided-wave data across the 1906 surface ruptures in 2011. We found that individual fault traces, as mapped by Schussler (1906), can be identified on the basis of discrete low-velocity zones (VS and VP, reduced ∼40% and ∼34%, respectively) and high-amplitude guided waves. Guided waves have traditionally been observed as large-amplitude waveforms over wide (hundreds of meters to kilometers) zones of faulting, but we demonstrate that by evaluating guided waves (including Rayleigh/Love- and P/SV-types) in terms of peak ground velocity (PGV), individual near-surface fault traces within a fault zone can be precisely located, even more than 100 yr after the surface ruptures. Such precise exploration can be used to focus paleoseismic trenching efforts and to identify or exclude faulting at specific sites. We evaluated PGV of both S-wave-type and Fϕ-mode-type guided waves and found that both wave types can be used to identify subsurface fault traces. At San Andreas Lake (main fault), S-wave-type guided waves travel up to 18% slower than S body waves, and Fϕ-mode guided waves travel ∼60% slower than P body waves but ∼15% faster than S body waves. We found that guided-wave amplitudes vary with frequency but are up to five times higher than those of body waves, including the S wave. Our data are consistent with the concept that guided waves can be a strong-shaking hazard during large-magnitude earthquakes.
Dynamics of chronic diseases in metro and non-metro regions of India: evidence from India Human Development Survey I and II
Authors: Srivastava Shobhit , Anwar Tarique , Patel Ratna , Chauhan Shekhar 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The growth of metropolitan cities had significantly contributed to the process of urbanization in India. About two-fifth of the urban population, out of total India’s urban population, live in 35 metropolitan cities. It is important to look into the disease dynamics in the population of metro and non-metro regions of India. The study aims to find the differences in the distribution of chronic diseases in metro and non-metro regions of India and depicts the contributions of background factors causing a change in the prevalence of chronic diseases in metro and non-metro regions of India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Data from India Human Development Survey (IHDS) I and II conducted in 2004 and 2012 respectively have been used. Bivariate analysis has been performed to find the association between independent variables and chronic diseases, and logistic regression has been used to find the effect of predictor variables on chronic diseases by metro and non-metro regions. Fairlie decomposition technique has been used to find the contribution of each predictor variable accounting for differences in chronic diseases between metro and non-metro regions. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Age, sex, socio-economic status (education and wealth), alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, and body mass index status are significantly associated with chronic conditions in metro regions of India. Age, wealth, and developed regions contributed most to the differences in chronic diseases between metro and non-metro areas.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Metro regions in India suffers from a massive burden of chronic conditions. Metro regions should be given a special focus to tackle the menace of chronic diseases.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Research on News Editing Skills of Radio Stations Based on New Media Era
Authors: Meng Qingli 
Published: July 2020

<p>With the continuous development of Internet technology, the development of radio stations has encountered great challenges. Facing the current situation, how to effectively deal with the news gathering and editing work plays a vital role in the further development of radio stations. For this reason, this paper briefly analyzes the news editing skills of radio stations under the new media environment, with a view to providing some references for the radio and television industry.</p>
A study on effect of silica fume and surface penetrant on bonding strength for overlaying
Authors: Shibao Hayato , Mizan Mahmudul Hasan , Ueda Tamon , Miyaguchi Katsuichi , Takahashi Jun Takahashi 
Published: July 2020

Currently, concrete structures are at risk of deteriorating conditions due to their exposure to various severe environments. Repairing and strengthening these structures is a better solution than replacing them by new constructions. As a retrofitting method, the top/bottom surface overlaying or jacketing method is commonly used around the world. In this method, polymer cement mortar (PCM) is sprayed/troweled onto the surfaces of concrete, and PCM adhesive strengthens the concrete structures. However, the concrete-PCM interface is considered to be the weakest part of a structure, and it may cause brittle fracture. This study focused on how this interface can be strengthened more effectively to prevent brittle fractures and investigated the effects of applying surface penetrant and silica fume from the perspective of chemical reactions. In addition, the reaction time relationship between PCM hydration and surface penetrant application time is also investigated based on a preliminary experiment. Mixing silica fume into PCM was conclusively found to strengthen the interface bonding strength in some conditions. Applying surface penetrant to an interface could decrease the interface strength if the application time was inappropriate. However, the results of an application time experiment indicated that it is possible to strengthen the interface via the surface penetrant.
Orthopaedic Considerations Following COVID-19
Authors: Patel Manan S. , Gutman Michael J. , Abboud Joseph A. 
Published: July 2020

» As the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak continues to grow, with 2.5 million cases and 169,006 deaths as of late April 2020, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, orthopaedic surgeons should anticipate the complications of pharmacotherapy, namely osteonecrosis, in the next several years.» The rate of osteonecrosis in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) treated with high-dose corticosteroids is 5% to 58% and occurs mostly in the first year following the initiation of high-dose corticosteroid therapy.» Patients who had a cumulative corticosteroid dose of ≥3,000 mg and were treated for >25 days are at the highest risk.» Screening with serum markers and treating with bisphosphonates, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, enoxaparin, and/or lipo-prostaglandin E1 may be effective means to curb the progression to collapse and the consequent need for joint replacement in these relatively young patients.
Detection of Pulmonary Embolism with Gallium-68 Macroaggregated Albumin Perfusion PET/CT: An Experimental Study in Rabbits
Authors: Gültekin Aziz , Çayır Mustafa Çağdaş , Uğur Ayşe , Bir Ferda , Yüksel Doğangün 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of to detect pulmonary emboli (PE) the Technegas SPECT/CT combined with 68Ga PET/CT in a rabbit model. One hour after artificial PE (n=6) and sham (n=6) models were created, Technegas SPECT/CT ventilation and 68Ga-MAA PET/CT perfusion scan (V/Q scan) were performed. All cases were performed ventilation imaging first. Technegas SPECT/CT and 68Ga-MAA PET/CT images were evaluated by a nuclear medicine physician who recorded the presence, number, and location of PE on a per-lobe basis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Technegas SPECT/CT and 68Ga-MAA PET/CT for detecting PE were calculated using a histopathological evaluation as a reference standard.A total of 60 lung lobes were evaluated in 12 rabbits, and PE was detected in 20 lobes in V/Q scans and histopathological analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, for both the Technegas SPECT/CT and 68Ga-MAA PET/CT V/Q scans. Technegas/68Ga-MAA V/Q scans have good sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the detection of PE in this animal model study.
Which behaviour change techniques are effective to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in adults: a factorial randomized trial of an e- and m-health intervention
Authors: Schroé Helene , Dyck Delfien Van , De Paepe Annick , Poppe Louise , Loh Wen Wei , Verloigne Maïté , Loeys Tom , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Crombez Geert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background E- and m-health interventions are promising to change health behaviour. Many of these interventions use a large variety of behaviour change techniques (BCTs), but it’s not known which BCTs or which combination of BCTs contribute to their efficacy. Therefore, this experimental study investigated the efficacy of three BCTs (i.e. action planning, coping planning and self-monitoring) and their combinations on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) against a background set of other BCTs.Methods In a 2 (action planning: present vs absent) x2 (coping planning: present vs absent) x2 (self-monitoring: present vs absent) factorial trial, 473 adults from the general population used the self-regulation based e- and m-health intervention ‘MyPlan2.0’ for five weeks. All combinations of BCTs were considered, resulting in eight groups. Participants selected their preferred target behaviour, either PA (n=335,age=35.8,28.1% men) or SB (n=138,age=37.8,37.7% men), and were then randomly allocated to the experimental groups. Levels of PA (MVPA in minutes/week) or SB (total sedentary time in hours/day) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using self-reported questionnaires. Linear mixed-effect models were fitted to assess the impact of the different combinations of the BCTs on PA and SB. Results First, overall efficacy of each BCT was examined. The delivery of self-monitoring increased PA (t=2.735,p=0.007) and reduced SB (t=-2.573,p=0.012) compared with no delivery of self-monitoring. Also, the delivery of coping planning increased PA (t=2.302,p=0.022) compared with no delivery of coping planning. Second, we investigated to what extent adding BCTs increased efficacy. Using the combination of the three BCTs was most effective to increase PA (x2=8,849,p=0.003) whereas the combination of action planning and self-monitoring was most effective to decrease SB (x2=3.918,p=0.048). To increase PA, action planning was always more effective in combination with coping planning (x2=5.590,p=0.014;x2=17.722,p<0.001;x2=4.552,p=0.033) compared with using action planning without coping planning. Of note, the use of action planning alone reduced PA compared with using coping planning alone (x2=4.389,p=0.031) and self-monitoring alone (x2=8.858,p=003), respectively.Conclusions This study provides indications that different (combinations of) BCTs may be effective to promote PA and reduce SB. More experimental research to investigate the effectiveness of BCTs is needed, which can contribute to improved design and more effective e- and m-health interventions in the future.Trial registration This study was preregistered as a clinical trial (ID number: NCT03274271). Release date: 20 October 2017, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03274271
Phenotypic Overlap between Atopic Dermatitis and Autism
Authors: Shin Kyong-Oh , Crumrine Debra , Kim Sungeun , Lee Yerin , Kim Bogyeong , Abuabara Katrina , Park Chaehyeong , Uchida Yoshikazu , Wakefield Joan , Meyer Jason , Jeong Sekyoo , Park Byeong Deog , Park Kyungho , Elias Peter M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Though multifactorial in etiology, approximately 10% of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Moreover, ASD prevalence increases further as AD severity worsens, though these disorders share no common causative mutations. We assessed here the link between these two disorders in the standard, valproic acid mouse model of ASD. In prior studies, there was no evidence of skin involvement, but we hypothesized that cutaneous involvement could be detected in experiments conducted in hairless mice.Methods: We performed our studies in valproic acid (VPA)-treated hairless mice. Mid-trimester pregnant mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of either valproic acid sodium salt dissolved in saline or saline alone on embryonic day 12.5, and these mice were housed individually until postnatal day 21. Only the brain and epidermis appeared to be affected, while other tissues remain unchanged. At various post-natal time points, brain, skin and blood samples were obtained for histology and for quantitation of tissue sphingolipid content and cytokine levels.Results: AD-like changes in ceramide content occurred by day one post-partum in both VPA-treated mouse skin and brain. The temporal co-emergence of AD and ASD, and the AD phenotype-dependent increase in ASD prevalence correlated with the early appearance of Th2 markers (i.e., interleukin [IL]-4, 5, & 13, mast cells) both in the skin and brain. The high levels of interferon (IFN)g not only in skin, but also in brain likely account for a significant decrease in very-long-chain N-acyl fatty acids in brain ceramides that again mimicked known IFNg-induced changes in AD.Conclusion: The baseline involvement of both AD and ASD could reflect concurrent neuro- and epidermal toxicity, possibly because both the epidermis and neural tissues originate from the embryonic neuroectoderm. These studies illuminate the shared susceptibility of the brain and epidermis to a known neurotoxin, and suggest further that ASD could be included within the atopic diathesis.
Clinical characteristics, treatment status and complications in women with tube ovarian abscess and endometriosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Yan , Chang Xiao-hong , Wang Yue , Zhu Hong-lan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of our present study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment status and complications in women with endometriosis and tube ovarian abscess (TOA) to determine the possible association between TOA and endometriosis.Methods: Medical records were used to analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and complications. Twenty women who were diagnosed with TOA with endometriosis were compared with 93 women diagnosed as having TOA without endometriosis between January, 2008 and December, 2018. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20.Results: In this study, TOA patients with endometriosis were significantly more likely to have a lower age range (20–39years) than the non-endometriosis group (11/20 (55.0%) vs 27/93 (29.0%), p=0.036). In addition, TOA patients with endometriosis were associated with a significantly lower rate of parity (11/20 (55.0%) vs 75/93 (80.6%), p=0.021), higher rates of infertility (8/20(40%) vs 0/93(0%), p=0.000) and a significantly lower incidence of elevated blood platelet counts (5/20 (25%) vs 43/93 (53.8%), p = 0.026). Furthermore, women with endometriosis had greater blood loss (347±445.77 vs 204.67±289.46, p= 0.014) and an increased complication rate (3/20(15%) vs 0/93(0%), p = 0.000). Among the 3 patients who had complications in the endometriosis group, 2 patients had septic shock and 1 patient had intestinal obstruction. And 1 case who had septic shock followed by IVF treatment. There was no significance difference on other factors.Conclusions: The present study indicated that endometriosis did not increase the difficulty and time of treatment in patients with TOA, but increased bleeding during surgery and serious complications. It is suggested that doctors should pay more attention to postoperative treatment and nursing in women with TOA and endometriosis, especially those who have a history of recent infertility treatment and related procedures.
Determination of the Factors Affecting Sexual Violence against Women in Turkey: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Alkan Ömer , Tekmanlı Hasan Hüseyin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Sexual violence is among the most threatening type of violence and one of the most investigated by national and international decision makers. The purpose of this study was to detect the factors that affect sexual violence against women in Turkey.Methods: In this study, a micro data set of from the survey titled Research on Domestic Violence against Women conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies was employed. By utilizing binary logistic and probit regression analysis, influential factors for a woman's exposure to sexual violence were detected.Results: Findings obtained from the analysis indicated that a woman's exposure to sexual violence was influenced by a variety of factors such as region, age, level of education, employment, health condition, marital status, number of children as well as exposure to physical, economic, and verbal abuse. In addition, it was found that the level of education, employment status, drug use, infidelity and other variables related to the husband/partner of the women who participated in the survey.Conclusion: Among women residing in rural and less developed regions, there remains a higher probability of exposure to sexual violence. A decrease in the woman’s level of education elevated her probability of exposure to sexual violence. An increase in women's age and an increase in the level of education of the woman’s husband/partner lowered the probability of the woman's exposure to sexual violence. Among women who had experienced physical, economic, and verbal abuse, there was a higher probability of exposure to sexual violence.
Evaluation of associations between asthma exacerbations and distance to roadways using geocoded electronic health records data
Authors: He Jingyi , Ghorveh Mohsen Ghiasi , Hurst Jillian H. , Tang Monica , Alhanti Brooke , Lang Jason E. , Goldstein Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Asthma exacerbations in children often require medications, urgent care, and hospitalization. Multiple environmental triggers have been associated with asthma exacerbations, including particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), which are primarily generated by motor vehicle exhaust. There is mixed evidence as to whether proximity to highways increases risk of asthma exacerbations. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we assessed the association between asthma exacerbations and the distance to two types of roadways in Durham County, accounting for other patient-level factors. We abstracted data from the Duke University Health System electronic health record (EHR), identifying 6,208 children with asthma between 2014 – 2019. We geocoded each child’s distance to roadways (both 35 MPH+ and 55 MPH+). We classified asthma exacerbation severity into four tiers and fitted a recurrent event survival model to account for multiple exacerbations. Results: There was a consistent weak effect of residential distance from 55+ MPH highway and any asthma exacerbation (Hazard Ratio: 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.94, 1.01)), but there was no effect from distance to 35+ MPH roadway (Hazard Ratio: 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.83, 1.15)). Conclusions: While the results were negative, characteristics of a study sample – namely farther distance to roadways and generally good ambient environmental pollution may contribute to this. Compared to previous work which often relied on self-report measures, we are able to obtain a more objective assessment of outcomes. Overall, this work highlights the opportunity to use EHR data to study environmental impacts of disease.