bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Senatorial Houses as Centres of Power
Authors: Machado Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aristocratic houses played an important part in Roman society. They were symbols of aristocratic power, mobilizing architecture and decoration to express social standing and family history. At the same time, domestic spaces were the arena where aristocrats built their power bases, greeting friends and clients on a daily basis. This chapter analyses the importance of houses in aristocratic strategies and political life, consider how these spaces contributed to define aristocratic standing and clout in late antique Rome. By examining domestic rituals such as the morning salutatio and invitations for dinners and other social gatherings, it will show how these spaces could perform a crucial function in late antique city life.
Aristocratic Power and Politics in the Domestic Sphere
Authors: Machado Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyses the impact of aristocratic houses in the definition of late antique Rome’s political topography. Focusing on concrete examples, it examines the physical impact of houses on their surrounding environment, as well as how elite dwellings cannibalized resources of the city like water and building materials, representing a new urbanistic order. It analyses the political activities that took place in domestic spaces, including meetings and decisions, and how emperors and authorities tried to assert their control over other elements within Roman society. As the chapter argues, houses were a symbol and a crucial tool in aristocratic ambitions as well as in their relationship with other groups in Roman society.
Conclusion
Authors: Machado Carlos 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter brings together the different strands that make up the argument of the book. As emperors distanced themselves from the city, reorganizing the administration and the services that regulated life in late antique Rome, Roman aristocrats began to play a growing role in the life of the city, redefining its spaces and institutions. The city became a central element in the social and political strategies of the Roman elite: its spaces and the buildings that gave shape to it, the festivals and ceremonies that animated it, and the hierarchies and instruments of control that defined it were progressively appropriated. These developments took place at a time of dramatic changes in the empire, and late antique Rome was as a result a more provincial and smaller city than in previous centuries. Aristocratic dominance did not prevent the rise of new elements in Roman society, bringing with it the elements that would contribute to the development of a new, Christian Rome, under the leadership of the Church and its bishop.
Trade as One Ground of Justice
Authors: Risse Mathias , Wollner Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores more systematically the image of trade that we propose in this book, which we call Trade-as-one-Ground. It does so by way of introducing the grounds-of-justice approach from Risse’s On Global Justice. That approach makes good on the claim that trade is one in several grounds, and indeed is one such ground. Technically the ground is not trade as such but subjection to the global trading system. The chapter explains this notion and explores why one should indeed regard it as one ground of justice. It also investigates differences between inquiries into fairness in trade and trade justice.
Campus Novels, Camaraderie, and White Nationalist Merriment
Authors: Foster Travis M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 highlights the significance of everyday social practices for white sectional reunion after the Civil War, reassessing the form assumed by reconciliation as it transitioned from an object of political contestation to common sense reality. Specifically, it recovers the campus novel, a popular though largely unstudied genre that, despite its sophomoric content, acquired historical weight by turning the practice of campus affections into a metonym for national belonging tacitly predicated on racial exclusion. Focusing on the ability for merriment to overcome and, above all, trivialize intra-white difference, novels like Hammersmith: His Harvard Days (1879) and For the Blue and Gold (1901) enacted a civic pedagogy, becoming handbooks for a sociality that turned political disagreement into jocular affinity, dispute into banter, and racial exclusion into an implicit element of white fellow feeling.
American Visions and Émigré Realities
Authors: Tromly Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 addresses the origins of the CIA project to create a Russian political center abroad. The chapter argues that transnational flows of ideas and historical memories were important for a major CIA psychological warfare project. George F. Kennan and other policymakers involved in the project were driven by a romantic attachment to Russian history and the conviction that exiles were potent weapons for psychological warfare against the USSR. Accordingly, plans for the political center—its political complexion and structure—emerged from the interactions of influential Americans and Russian émigrés. The dependence of US psychological-warfare projects on exile politics would prove dysfunctional, as the OPC planners read the state of Russian opinion in the USSR through the distorting lens of exile anti-communism.
From Revolution to Provocation
Authors: Tromly Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines the CIA espionage and psychological-warfare operations against the USSR that involved the most important and most controversial Russian exile organization, the People’s Labor Alliance. Operations to infiltrate agents directly into the USSR by plane ended in fiasco due to Soviet counterintelligence, which thwarted the NTS operations and pursued measures to penetrate and subvert the émigré organization from within. In response, the CIA turned to a strategy of utilizing the NTS as an instrument of psychological warfare, spreading disinformation about the exiles in order to incite the Soviet state into costly countermeasures. Such an effort to manipulate the fiction of émigré political influence demonstrated the increasingly complex and marginal-gains nature of Cold War competition between intelligence agencies.
The Future of Europe
Authors: Mainwaring Ċetta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The concluding chapter returns to the main themes explored and arguments made in the book, examining the contestation over borders, migration controls, and mobility at the edge of Europe. It looks especially at the continued intertwining of humanitarian and enforcement logics in the Mediterranean and how migrants are reduced to symbols at sea, their lives shipwrecked, and thus easily transformed into a threat. In particular, the chapter explores the contested role of non-governmental organizations that took to the sea after 2014 to carry out search and rescue operations and highlight EU inaction. The chapter considers the future of Europe and the European Union, its border controls in the Mediterranean, resistance to them, and practical alternative policy choices. While state policies erode spaces of asylum, undermining refugee protection and access to global mobility, inequality is on the rise and migrants and refugees continue to cross borders, often at great risk.
Growing Up in Nineteenth-Century Ireland
Authors: Hatfield Mary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
At the beginning of the nineteenth century childhood was a fluid concept with a variety of meanings and responsibilities dependent on class, gender, and religious identity. By 1860 the idea of what childhood was supposed to be had been consolidated to a large degree by the middle classes, who rejected the lavish opulence of the aristocracy and the economic dependency of the working classes to create their own brand of child-rearing. The book explores ways in which adults dealt with children, particularly within the family and in educational institutions across the island of Ireland. This book takes a holistic approach towards the middle-class child’s social world utilizing medical and educational literature, religious tracts, personal correspondence, school archives, and material culture sources. It facilitates an understanding of gender roles, children’s participation in middle-class domesticity, and the use of education by middle-class families to shape a cultural narrative of childhood. The chapters address child-advice literature, differences in Catholic and Protestant childhoods, children’s fashions, and Irish boarding schools.
Religion, Sectarianism, and the Wild Irish Child
Authors: Hatfield Mary 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines representations of the Irish Catholic family in print, focusing on cheaply produced religious pamphlets and advice literature. Predictably, this kind of didactic material is strongly sectarian in nature and illustrates how childcare served as a barometer of civilized behaviour. Children in these narratives are objects in need of reform, serving as exemplars of all that was right and wrong with Irish character. The confessional divide in Irish society was wide and contributed to the unique quality of Irish childhood. However, it was not as simple as the mere dichotomy of Protestant and Catholic might suggest. While denominational loyalties were fundamental, there was another process of social differentiation happening alongside sectarian conflict and this chapter highlights the shifting narratives of class and childhood across the first four decades of the nineteenth century.
Whose Dream Is It Anyway?
Authors: Davies Jason P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dreams were a deeply paradoxical method of divination in the ancient world; sometimes dismissed or treated with the greatest of suspicion, they might also be treated as a routine and reliable way of obtaining insight into divine will—occasionally by the very same person. This chapter argues that dreams had a distinctive role within the many options of ancient divination, and that they were compelling in specific sets of circumstances. The more divination was routinized, the more likely there was to be an occasion when a dream was the best way of legitimately circumventing divinatory habits. Equally critical are those factors affecting the reception of a dreamer’s claims; social standing, political circumstances, and personal idiosyncrasies all played a part in ‘managing the significance of signs’. Accounting for dreams was a critical test of any system of thought (including medicine). Despite the contradictory variety of general statements about the reliability of dreams, there is an underlying but accessible logic to whether it was right to take them as divine instructions, or a meaningless act of the imagination.
Making Sense of Chaos
Authors: Stiles Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Periods of civil war were greatly disruptive to Roman society, and the populace evidently sought to make sense of these upheavals in different ways, including through narratives involving various types of divination, which were employed to predict and explain the rise and fall of individual leaders and dynasties. This chapter analyses a group of such stories which concern trees acting in peculiar ways, such as dying and miraculously recovering, or springing up in portentous locations. Arboreal portents apparently foretold the victory of Octavian in the wars of the Triumviral period, and later, Vespasian in the conflicts of 68–9 ce, as well as predicting the particular Julio-Claudian and Flavian successors who would follow them. Rather than seeing such tales as simply the product of ‘top-down’ Augustan or Flavian propaganda, it is suggested that they were the product of a wider divinatory worldview, which was built upon a tradition stretching back into the Republic, and was fundamental to the way in which many Romans sought to comprehend social and political change. Such stories could be generated for a range of reasons, and by a range of authors. They often took on a life of their own, and were altered or updated over time. Adopting such a perspective when approaching Roman divination modifies our understanding of the relationship between ‘politics’ and ‘religion’ during the late Republic, Triumviral period, and early Principate.
Unsuccessful Sacrifice in Roman State Divination
Authors: Driediger-Murphy Lindsay G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores what Romans thought they were doing through sacrifice, and what this can tell us about Roman conceptions of the relationship between gods and human beings. The chapter focuses on those animal sacrifices that Romans believed had been unsuccessful in that they had failed to please the gods. The chapter queries the current consensus that Roman divinatory sacrifices generally proceeded until a favourable sign was obtained (usque ad litationem). It is argued that Roman magistrates took signs from failed sacrifices more seriously than we have often thought, and that this behaviour can be read as evidence that they were anxious about their relationship with their gods.
Being Inclined
Authors: Sinclair Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This is the first book-length study in English of the work of Félix Ravaisson, France’s most influential philosopher in the second half of the nineteenth century. The book shows how in his 1838 Of Habit, Ravaisson understands habit as tendency and inclination in a way that provides the basis for a philosophy of nature and a general metaphysics. In examining Ravaisson’s ideas against the background of the history of philosophy, and in the light of later developments in French thought, the book shows how Ravaisson accounts for the nature of habit as inclination in an original manner, and within a metaphysical framework quite different from those of his predecessors in the philosophical tradition. The book sheds new light on the history of modern French philosophy, and argues for the importance of the neglected nineteenth-century French spiritualist tradition. It also shows that Ravaisson’s philosophy of inclination, of being inclined, is of great import for contemporary philosophy, and particularly for the contemporary metaphysics of powers, given that ideas about tendency have recently come to prominence in discussions concerning dispositions, laws, and the nature of causation. The book offers a detailed and faithful contextualist study of Ravaisson’s short masterpiece, but it does so in demonstrating its importance for contemporary thought.
Introduction
Authors: Bedford Kate 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This Introduction identifies why bingo—a self-effacing game that is rarely taken seriously by academics—provides a vital new lens on debates about political economy and regulation. Within gambling studies, bingo practices can be used to further our understanding of mutual aid, of gambling law and policy, and of gendered gambling cultures. More broadly, bingo offers a lens through which we can see political economy and regulation differently. The Introduction summarizes this argument and provides an account of the three academic literatures—on diverse economies, regulation, and gender—to which the book seeks to contribute. It closes with a chapter-by-chapter overview. Finally, using two bingo prizes that reside in a domestic kitchen (a knife set, and a pair of mugs featuring Carry On characters that speak smutty catch phrases when lifted off a surface), the author also explains her personal investments in having the game—in all its ordinariness—taken more seriously in debates about the political economy of gambling regulation.
Eyes Down
Authors: Bedford Kate 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Using legislation, case law, and official records (including Hansard), Chapter 2 outlines the early history of state intervention into bingo in England and Wales. The chapter traces the gradual liberalization of restrictions on small-scale gambling, and the subsequent backlash against bingo in the 1960s. It also tells a new story about gambling regulation and political economy. In particular, it excavates the key role of mutual aid to elite debates about the proper place of gambling in national life. Although many authors have argued that disavowal of gambling helped legitimize the forms of collective insurance developed by early friendly societies and similar associations, the chapter shows that gambling played a key role—as entertainment and mutual aid—within working men’s clubs, and that it was promoted by the state. This mutual aid dimension of gambling was heavily conflicted in gendered terms. Lawmakers were lobbied by bingo-organizing men, with women’s interests at least one step removed from Hansard. Unequal gender roles were hereby woven into dominant understandings of small-scale gambling.
Social Responsibility, New Technologies, and Problem Gambling in Bingo
Authors: Bedford Kate 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Chapter 9 traces the impact, on bingo, of recent laws, policies, and procedures related to problematic gambling, by exploring the risks associated with the game and the perceived vulnerability of its distinctive players. By linking problem gambling studies to critical regulation scholarship, it seeks a deeper understanding of the limits, and risks, of algorithmic approaches to consumer protection. The chapter outlines a novel analytic approach to responsible gambling debates, one that pays attention to workers as well as players, and that centres the nexus between profit-making and risk-monitoring. The chapter then charts the emergence of social responsibility as a regulatory priority within UK gambling in general, and bingo in particular. Companies now use a standardized responsible gambling approach, involving increasingly formalized interactions between staff and players. This standardized approach has intensified reliance on technologies borrowed from electronic gambling machines and online gambling formats to identify, and manage, risky play. These technologies are, in turn, reliant on moving customers to cashless play in order that they can be tracked. The chapter focuses on two key consequences of these changes: their impact on workers, and their impact on cash players. Specifically, it shows that standardized responsible gambling measures have resulted in the responsibilization of staff, and have reshaped the relationship between workers and players. Because cash use helps players to limit spending, account-based play is likely to be of dubious effectiveness as a harm reduction measure, and may even be counterproductive.
(En)joining Others
Authors: Wiland Eric 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper argues that under some conditions, when one person acts on the direction of another person, the two of them thereby act together, and that this explains why both the director and the directee can be responsible for what is done. In other words, a director and a directee can be a joint agent, one whose members are responsible for what they together do. This is most clearly so when the directive is a command. But it is also sometimes so when the directive is a bit of advice.
The Minimal Approval Account of Attributability
Authors: Gorman August 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper advances a new agentially undemanding account of the conditions of attributability, the Minimal Approval account, and argues that it has a number of advantages over traditional Deep Self theories, including the way in which it handles agents with conditions like addiction, Tourette syndrome, and misophonia. It is argued that in order for an agent to be attributionally responsible, the mental process that leads to her action must dispose her to be such that she would, upon reflection, approve to some minimal degree of being moved to action by the motive on which she in fact acts.
Between Strict Liability and Blameworthy Quality of Will
Authors: Mason Elinor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses blameworthiness for problematic acts that an agent does inadvertently. Blameworthiness, as opposed to liability, is difficult to make sense of in this sort of case, as there is usually thought to be a tight connection between blameworthiness and something in the agent’s quality of will. This chapter argues that in personal relationships we should sometimes take responsibility for inadvertent actions. Taking on responsibility when we inadvertently fail in our duties to our loved ones assures them that we respect them, take them seriously, and want to be respected and taken seriously in turn. The chapter ends with a defence of the claim that this is a genuine sort of blameworthiness.
Being Born
Authors: Stone Alison 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis book gives the first systematic philosophical account of how being born shapes our condition as human beings. Drawing on both feminist philosophy and the existentialist project of inquiring into the structure of meaningful human existence, the book explores how human existence is natal, that is, is shaped by the way that we are born. Taking natality into account transforms our view of human existence and illuminates how many of its aspects hang together and are connected with our birth. These aspects include dependency; the relationality of the self; vulnerability; reception and inheritance; embeddedness in social power; situatedness; and radical contingency. Considering natality also sheds new light on anxiety, mortality, and the temporality of human life. This book offers an original perspective on human existence which bears on many debates in feminist and continental philosophy and around death and the meaning of life.
Dependency, Relationality, Power, and Situatedness
Authors: Stone Alison 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter looks at four features of human existence—dependency, the relationality of the self, embeddedness in social power, and situatedness—and shows how they are connected with birth. We are dependent both as infants and children—natal dependency—and also to varying degrees throughout life. Because we begin life dependent on adult care, we attach to our care-givers very intensely; these attachments shape our selves and personality structures, partly through processes of identification as they are theorized in psychoanalysis. This makes us highly receptive in early life to social power relations, which even shape our possibilities for criticizing social power in later life. Finally, at birth we begin life situated within the world with respect to many variables, including culture; gender, race, class, and other social divisions; geography; history; body; and placement in a specific set of personal and wider relationships such as kin networks and generations.
The Radical Contingency of Being Born
Authors: Stone Alison 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this chapter I argue that there is a radical contingency to one’s being born into one’s particular life as it unfolds from one’s birth onwards. For each of us, it is an ultimate fact that admits of no further explanation that I am born the particular individual I am and no one else. Using Sartre’s work, the chapter examines this radical contingency along with the connected phenomena of facticity and groundlessness. However, the chapter criticizes Sartre’s conception of radical freedom and puts forward in its place an idea of sedimented sense-making. On this basis, situatedness is re-interpreted to say that we are situated in that we continually make sense of our circumstances in sedimented ways. Autonomous choice and reflection are just one subset of ways in which we can make sense of the succession of circumstances that come down to us from birth.