bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Complications Attributed to Hydroxychloroquine: A Systematic Review of the Literature Pre-COVID-19
Authors: Fram Georgi , Wang Dee D. , Malette Kelly , Villablanca Pedro , Kang Guson , So Kent , Basir Mir B. , Khan Arfaat , McKinnon John E. , Zervos Marcus , O’Neill William W. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction:
Hydroxychloroquine has been used for rheumatological diseases for many
decades and is considered a safe medication. With the COVID-19 outbreak, there has been an increase
in reports associating cardiotoxicity with hydroxychloroquine. It is unclear if the cardiotoxic
profile of hydroxychloroquine is previously underreported in the literature or is it a manifestation
of COVID-19 and therapeutic interventions. This manuscript evaluates the incidence of cardiotoxicity
associated with hydroxychloroquine prior to the onset of COVID-19.

Methods:
PubMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for keywords derived from
MeSH terms prior to April 9, 2020. Inclusion eligibility was based on appropriate reporting of cardiac
conditions and study design.

Results:
A total of 69 articles were identified (58 case reports, 11 case series). The majority (84%)
of patients were female, with a median age of 49.2 (range 16-92) years. 15 of 185 patients with cardiotoxic
events were in the setting of acute intentional overdose. In acute overdose, the median ingestion
was 17,857 ± 14,873 mg. 2 of 15 patients died after acute intoxication. In patients with
long-term hydroxychloroquine use (10.5 ± 8.9 years), new onset systolic heart failure occurred in
54 of 155 patients (35%) with median cumulative ingestion of 1,493,800 ± 995,517 mg. The majority
of patients improved with the withdrawal of hydroxychloroquine and standard therapy.

Conclusions:
Millions of hydroxychloroquine doses are prescribed annually. Prior to the
COVID-19 pandemic, cardiac complications attributed to hydroxychloroquine were uncommon.
Further studies are needed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system to
understand the presence or absence of potential medication interactions with hydroxychloroquine
in this new pathophysiological state.
Simulation of Bronchial Airflow in COPD Patients
Authors: Salcedo-Hernandez L.F. , Torres-Sanmiguel C.R. , Urriolagoitia-Sosa G. , Torres-San Miguel G.P. , Aguilar-Perez L.A. , Urriolagoita-Calderon G. 
Published: October 2020

Aim:This research tackles the problem of assessing airflow inside both a healthy and a COPD bronchus ramification, by a Finite Element Method (FEM) computational mode.Background:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is considered the third leading cause of death worldwide, smoking being the most common risk factor. In the case of emphysema, the appearance of bullae in the upper and middle lobes is frequent.Objective:Bullae tend to increase their size progressively with time, severely clogging bronchi. In this research, bullae with different sizes are modelled as semi-spheres located at the internal wall of a 3D tomographic-based bronchi model.Methods:Several numerical analyses were performed by applying fluid interaction focused on the behaviour of flow through a fifth generations bronchus bifurcation in different cases and degrees of the advance of COPD.Results:The outcome provides the gradients of flow speed and pressure within the bronchus ramification in the considered cases.Conclusion:The methodology herein proposed is applicable to determine the airflow within any patient’s bronchus bifurcation were bullae appear, and thereby to assess and improve the design of custom treatments.
Biobutanol Production from Plant Biomass
Authors: Tigunova Olena O. , Kamenskyh Dmytro S. , Tkachenko Tatiana V. , Yevdokymenko Vitalii A. , Kashkovskiy Volodymyr I. , Rakhmetov Dzhamal B. , Blume Yaroslav B. , Shulga Sergey M. 
Published: October 2020

Microbiological conversion of biosphere renewable resources to produce useful products, in particular biofuels, is currently one of the pressing problems of biotechnology. To establish a microbiological production of biobutanol at an industrial scale, strains with high-yield solvent production on plant biomass as a cheap substrate are needed.
This paper summarizes the main outcomes of the authors’ original research focused on a) obtaining new butanol-producing strains of Clostridium genus, b) testing different sources of non-food raw material as a substrate for fermentation. A comparison of different methods of biomass pretreatment and their efficiency for the accumulation of butanol in the liquid medium is also reported.
In particular, the efficiency of butanol production by C. acetobutylicum strains isolated or mutagenized by the authors on a) ground green rapeseed, switchgrass, sweet sorghum, soybean, wheat biomass; b) components of switchgrass after thermobaric hydrolysis and c) paper mill sludge from the pulp as substrates is reported. This paper also highlights the progress made concerning substrate pre-treatment and optimization of cultivation conditions to increase butanol production. Finally, future directions to optimize the different biotechnological steps leading to butanol production are discussed.
Gene Frequency of CYP2D6*4 and *10 Variants in Karachi Population
Authors: Fatima Tamkeen , Zeb Farah , Farooq Ahsana Dar 
Published: October 2020

Background:
In the human population, CYP2D6 is highly polymorphic group of
genes involved in metabolizing ~25% of all clinically used neuroleptic and antidepressant
drugs. The CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10 variants are prevalent in Asian population exhibiting
variable drug metabolizing ability thereby affecting drug therapeutic responses.

Objective:
To determine the genotypic frequencies of CYP2D6*1 (Normal metabolizer), *4
(Poor metabolizer) and *10 (Intermediate metabolizer) variants among schizophrenic subjects
and control group from a sub-set of Karachi population.

Methods:
Genomic Deoxyribonucleic Acid (gDNA) was extracted and amplified with
CYP2D6*4 and *10 primers using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and digested by Bacillus
stereothermophilus (BstN1) and Hemophilus parahemolyticus (Hph1) restriction enzymes. The
digested gDNA bands were identified as wild type or mutants and their genotypic frequencies
were estimated by Hardy-Weinberg Equation (HWE).

Results:
In normal subjects, frequencies of CYP2D6*1 wild allele (57%) coded functional enzyme,
CYP2D6*4 variant (9%) producing non-functional enzyme and CYP2D6*10 allele (70%)
producing altered enzyme with reduced activity that was most prevalent in schizophrenic patients.

Discussion:
Drug response is a complex phenomenon that is governed by genetic and environmental
factors. Antipsychotic drug metabolism among schizophrenic patients with variable drug
responsesis related to CYP2D6 polymorphism. Clinically, it is imperative to differentiate between
responders and non-responders using the treatment, otherwise the drug will be either nonefficacious
or toxic to the patients. Therefore, a gene testing system needs to be established to
identify patient’s genotype(s) predicting whether they are normal, poor, intermediate or ultrarapid
drug metabolizer thereby allowing clinicians to adjust dose(s) of antipsychotic drug(s).

Conclusion :
Genotyping of CYP2D6 alleles among schizophrenic patients indicated prevalence
of *4 and *10 variants in Karachi population producing non-functional (poor metabolizer)
and reduced functional (intermediate metabolizer) drug metabolizing enzymes phenotypes,
respectively. Hence, dose adjustment is crucial otherwise schizophrenia condition will not be
improved satisfactorily. Therefore, CYP2D6 gene screening program should be included in
clinical practice to help clinicians to prescribe appropriate doses according to patient’s genotype
and minimize sufferings of schizophrenics including side effects of drug that might occur
at high drug concentrations.
Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative Study of TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles and their Application as a Photocatalysts for a Trichromatic Dye
Authors: Kouhail Meriem , Zakia El Ahmadi , Abbes Benayada 
Published: October 2020

Background:The textile industrial effluents cause profound imbalances in ecosystems, when released into nature; dyes are oxidized by micro-organisms, resulting in a decrease in the dissolved oxygen, which is necessary for the aquatic life. For this reason, it is important to implement economic, efficient, and green methods ensuring both the discoloration and detoxification of water.Objective:TiO2and ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel and precipitation methods, respectively. These two nanoparticles were used to compare photocatalytic degradation under UV and solar irradiation for three reactive azoic dyes (trichromatic): Reactive Bezactive Yellow (RBY), Reactive Bezactive Red (RBR), and Reactive Bezactive Blue (RBB).Methods:The structural, i.e., morphological surface properties of the synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared, X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy.X-ray diffraction shows that TiO2has a tetragonal structure with an anatase form. The effects of some operational parameters, such as the amount of TiO2 and ZnO, initial dye concentration, dye mixtures, and pH, were examined. The progress of photodegradation reaction was monitored by UV-Visible spectroscopy for decolorization and by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for degradation, and the efficiency of degradation was confirmed by Chemical Oxygen Demand measurement.Results:The dye degradation was found to be better in the presence of solar irradiation than under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO was higher than TiO2 when used in its optimal conditions.Conclusion:The percentage of degradation of each dye is different, and the order of degradation of the three reactive dyes is as follows: RBY> RBR> RBB.
A Smartphone-Based Technique to Detect Dynamic User Preferences for Tailoring Behavioral Interventions: Observational Utility Study of Ecological Daily Needs Assessment
Authors: Nicol Ginger E , Ricchio Amanda R , Metts Christopher L , Yingling Michael D , Ramsey Alex T , Schweiger Julia A , Miller J Philip , Lenze Eric J 
Published: October 2020

Background
Mobile health apps are promising vehicles for delivering scalable health behavior change interventions to populations that are otherwise difficult to reach and engage, such as young adults with psychiatric conditions. To improve uptake and sustain consumer engagement, mobile health interventions need to be responsive to individuals’ needs and preferences, which may change over time. We previously created an ecological daily needs assessment to capture microprocesses influencing user needs and preferences for mobile health treatment adaptation.

Objective
The objective of our study was to test the utility of a needs assessment anchored within a mobile app to capture individualized, contextually relevant user needs and preferences within the framework of a weight management mobile health app.

Methods
Participants with an iOS device could download the study app via the study website or links from social media. In this fully remote study, we screened, obtained informed consent from, and enrolled participants through the mobile app. The mobile health framework included daily health goal setting and self-monitoring, with up to 6 daily prompts to determine in-the-moment needs and preferences for mobile health–assisted health behavior change.

Results
A total of 24 participants downloaded the app and provided e-consent (22 female; 2 male), with 23 participants responding to at least one prompt over 2 weeks. The mean length of engagement was 5.6 (SD 4.7) days, with a mean of 2.8 (1.1) responses per day. We observed individually dynamic needs and preferences, illustrating daily variability within and between individuals. Qualitative feedback indicated preferences for self-adapting features, simplified self-monitoring, and the ability to personalize app-generated message timing and content.

Conclusions
The technique provided an individually dynamic and contextually relevant alternative and complement to traditional needs assessment for assessing individually dynamic user needs and preferences during treatment development or adaptation. The results of this utility study suggest the importance of personalization and learning algorithms for sustaining app engagement in young adults with psychiatric conditions. Further study in broader user populations is needed.
Engagement, Acceptability, Usability, and Preliminary Efficacy of a Self-Monitoring Mobile Health Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Behavior in Belgian Older Adults: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Compernolle Sofie , Cardon Greet , van der Ploeg Hidde P , Van Nassau Femke , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Jelsma Judith J , Brondeel Ruben , Van Dyck Delfien 
Published: October 2020

Background
Although healthy aging can be stimulated by the reduction of sedentary behavior, few interventions are available for older adults. Previous studies suggest that self-monitoring might be a promising behavior change technique to reduce older adults’ sedentary behavior. However, little is known about older adults’ experiences with a self-monitoring–based intervention aimed at the reduction of sedentary behavior.

Objective
The aim of this study is to evaluate engagement, acceptability, usability, and preliminary efficacy of a self-monitoring–based mHealth intervention developed to reduce older adults’ sedentary behavior.

Methods
A mixed methods study was performed among 28 community-dwelling older adults living in Flanders, Belgium. The 3-week intervention consisted of general sedentary behavior information as well as visual and tactile feedback on participants’ sedentary behavior. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore engagement with, and acceptability and usability of, the intervention. Sitting time was measured using the thigh-worn activPAL (PAL Technologies) accelerometer before and after the intervention. System usage data of the app were recorded. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired-samples t tests; qualitative data were thematically analyzed and presented using pen profiles.

Results
Participants mainly reported positive feelings regarding the intervention, referring to it as motivating, surprising, and interesting. They commonly reported that the intervention changed their thinking (ie, they became more aware of their sedentary behavior) but not their actual behavior. There were mixed opinions on the kind of feedback (ie, tactile vs visual) that they preferred. The intervention was considered easy to use, and the design was described as clear. Some problems were noticed regarding attaching and wearing the self-monitoring device. System usage data showed that the median frequency of consulting the app widely differed among participants, ranging from 0 to 20 times a day. No significant reductions were found in objectively measured sitting time.

Conclusions
Although the intervention was well perceived by the majority of older adults, no reductions in sitting time were found. Possible explanations for the lack of reductions might be the short intervention duration or the fact that only bringing the habitual sedentary behavior into conscious awareness might not be sufficient to achieve behavior change.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04003324; https://tinyurl.com/y2p4g8hx
Major Bleeding and Risk of Death after Percutaneous Native Kidney Biopsies
Authors: Halimi Jean-Michel , Gatault Philippe , Longuet Hélène , Barbet Christelle , Bisson Arnaud , Sautenet Bénédicte , Herbert Julien , Buchler Matthias , Grammatico-Guillon Leslie , Fauchier Laurent 
Published: October 2020

Background and objectives
The risk of major bleeding after percutaneous native kidney biopsy is usually considered low but remains poorly predictable. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of major bleeding and to build a preprocedure bleeding risk score.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Our study was a retrospective cohort study in all 52,138 patients who had a percutaneous native kidney biopsy in France in the 2010–2018 period. Measurements included major bleeding (i.e., blood transfusions, hemorrhage/hematoma, angiographic intervention, or nephrectomy) at day 8 after biopsy and risk of death at day 30. Exposures and outcomes were defined by diagnosis codes.

Results
Major bleeding occurred in 2765 of 52,138 (5%) patients (blood transfusions: 5%; angiographic intervention: 0.4%; and nephrectomy: 0.1%). Nineteen diagnoses were associated with major bleeding. A bleeding risk score was calculated (Charlson index [2–4: +1; 5 and 6: +2; >6: +3]; frailty index [1.5–4.4: +1; 4.5–9.5: +2; >9.5: +3]; women: +1; dyslipidemia: −1; obesity: −1; anemia: +8; thrombocytopenia: +2; cancer: +2; abnormal kidney function: +4; glomerular disease: −1; vascular kidney disease: −1; diabetic kidney disease: −1; autoimmune disease: +2; vasculitis: +5; hematologic disease: +2; thrombotic microangiopathy: +4; amyloidosis: −2; other kidney diagnosis: −1) + a constant of 5. The risk of bleeding went from 0.4% (lowest score group =0–4 points) to 33% (highest score group ≥35 points). Major bleeding was an independent risk of death (500 of 52,138 deaths: bleeding: 81 of 2765 [3%]; no bleeding: 419 of 49,373 [0.9%]; odds ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.50 to 2.54; P<0.001).

Conclusions
The risk of major bleeding after percutaneous native kidney biopsy may be higher than generally thought and is associated with a twofold higher risk of death. It varies widely but can be estimated with a score useful for shared decision making and procedure choice.
Six Months of Hybrid Closed-Loop Versus Manual Insulin Delivery With Fingerprick Blood Glucose Monitoring in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: McAuley Sybil A. , Lee Melissa H. , Paldus Barbora , Vogrin Sara , de Bock Martin I. , Abraham Mary B. , Bach Leon A. , Burt Morton G. , Cohen Neale D. , Colman Peter G. , Davis Elizabeth A. , Hendrieckx Christel , Holmes-Walker D. Jane , Kaye Joey , Keech Anthony C. , Kumareswaran Kavita , MacIsaac Richard J. , McCallum Roland W. , Sims Catriona M. , Speight Jane , Stranks Stephen N. , Sundararajan Vijaya , Trawley Steven , Ward Glenn M. , Jenkins Alicia J. , Jones Timothy W. , O’Neal David N. ,   Australian JDRF Closed-Loop Research Group, O’Neal David N. , McAuley Sybil A. , Lee Melissa H. , Paldus Barbora , Sims Catriona M. , MacIsaac Richard J. , Ward Glenn M. , Colman Peter G. , Cohen Neale D. , Bach Leon A. , Kumareswaran Kavita , Stranks Stephen N. , Burt Morton G. , Holmes-Walker D. Jane , McCallum Roland W. , Kaye Joey , Speight Jane , Hendrieckx Christel , Halliday Jennifer , Russell-Green Sienna , Trawley Steven , Jenkins Alicia J. , Januszewski Andrzej , Keech Anthony C. , Vogrin Sara , Sundararajan Vijaya , Mohammed Husin Hanafi , Clarke Philip M. , Jones Timothy W. , Davis Elizabeth A. , de Bock Martin I. , Abraham Mary B. , Ambler Geoff R. , Cameron Fergus J. , Fairchild Jan M. , King Bruce R. 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVETo investigate glycemic and psychosocial outcomes with hybrid closed-loop (HCL) versus user-determined insulin dosing with multiple daily injections (MDI) or insulin pump (i.e., standard therapy for most adults with type 1 diabetes).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAdults with type 1 diabetes using MDI or insulin pump without continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) were randomized to 26 weeks of HCL (Medtronic 670G) or continuation of current therapy. The primary outcome was masked CGM time in range (TIR; 70–180 mg/dL) during the final 3 weeks.RESULTSParticipants were randomized to HCL (n = 61) or control (n = 59). Baseline mean (SD) age was 44.2 (11.7) years, HbA1c was 7.4% (0.9%) (57 [10] mmol/mol), 53% were women, and 51% used MDI. HCL TIR increased from (baseline) 55% (13%) to (26 weeks) 70% (10%) with the control group unchanged: (baseline) 55% (12%) and (26 weeks) 55% (13%) (difference 15% [95% CI 11, 19]; P &lt; 0.0001). For HCL, HbA1c was lower (median [95% CI] difference −0.4% [−0.6, −0.2]; −4 mmol/mol [−7, −2]; P &lt; 0.0001) and diabetes-specific positive well-being was higher (difference 1.2 [95% CI 0.4, 1.9]; P &lt; 0.0048) without a deterioration in diabetes distress, perceived sleep quality, or cognition. Seventeen (9 device-related) versus 13 serious adverse events occurred in the HCL and control groups, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIn adults with type 1 diabetes, 26 weeks of HCL improved TIR, HbA1c, and their sense of satisfaction from managing their diabetes compared with those continuing with user-determined insulin dosing and self-monitoring of blood glucose. For most people living with type 1 diabetes globally, this trial demonstrates that HCL is feasible, acceptable, and advantageous.
Por uma partilha estésica da sociabilidade
Authors: De Oliveira Ana Claudia 
Published: October 2020

O artigo analisa a competência estésica da qual o sujeito dispõe e que lhe permite sentir outra pessoa, o ambiente, os objetos, a partir das suas propriedades significantes, apreendidas pelas ordens sensoriais. Em especial, volta-se às atividades de agrupamentos sociais que, como actante coletivo de sujeitos, define-se não por suas competências modais mas pelas competências estésicas e as condições de estar disponível e aberto ao “outro” na inter-ação em reciprocidade que se desenrola sob a predominância do regime de sentido por ajustamento (Landowski, 2004, 1997). Nos contatos em copresença, sem qualquer mediação, surge uma experiência compartilhada que, com liberdade e imaginação, promove um renovar da sensibilidade na comunidade na qual todos se nutrem do compartilhamento social. Em atividades livres e sem roteiros prontos, cada unidade atua em coparticipação para constituir uma coletividade solidária. Em copresença e reciprocidade, interatuando um com o outro, esse estar socializado possibilita um desabrochar da solidariedade que faz não só a vida ter significação, mas fazer sentido. Apoiado nos desenvolvimentos teóricos e metodológicos dos regimes de sentido, de interação e risco de Landowski (2005), as experiências distintas com essas características conduzem à aproximação do conceito de “sentido sentido” de Landowski ao de “musement” de Ch. S. Peirce que o artigo argumenta as correspondências possíveis.
Verdade e Probabilidade
Authors: Bravo de Souza Pedro , Antonio Alves Marcos 
Published: October 2020

Apresentamos a tradução do célebre texto "Verdade e Probabilidade" de Frank P. Ramsey (1903-1930). Embora seja conhecido, principalmente, por ter esboçado uma das primeiras versões do que viria a ser chamado de Dutch Book Argument e por ter desenvolvido uma noção de probabilidade subjetiva, “Verdade e Probabilidade” também aborda a natureza da crença, a normatividade da lógica e a justificação da indução desde um ponto de vista altamente inspirado em C. S. Peirce.