bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of α‐Diazoketones in Water by Microwave Promoted Enaminone C=C Double Bond Cleavage
Authors: Gan Lu , Wei Li , Wan Jie‐Ping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe reactions of enaminones with methyl sulfonyl azide providing α‐diazoketones have been realized in pure water by means of microwave irradiation. Besides the green medium and energy source, the reactions benefit additional advantages of sustainability from the totally catalyst‐ and additive‐free conditions. More significantly, the synthesis remarks the first successful application of the featured tandem [3+2] cycloaddition and subsequent ring decomposition of the in situ generated 1,2,3‐triazoline intermediate from enaminones and sulfonyl azide in the synthesis of α‐diazoketones.
Ursachen, Spektrum und Therapie der diabetischen Neuropathie
Authors: Dohrn Maike F. , Winter Natalie , Dafotakis Manuel 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Hälfte aller Diabetiker ist von einer diabetischen Neuropathie betroffen. Mikroangiopathie, dysfunktionale Schwann-Zell-Interaktion, Akkumulation toxischer Metabolite und inflammatorische Prozesse führen gemeinsam zur Nervenschädigung.Ziel der ArbeitAus- und Überblick zum aktuellen Kenntnisstand der Pathophysiologie mit aktuellen und zukünftigen Therapieimplikationen.MethodenLiteraturrecherche (1990–2020).ErgebnisseKlinisch führend sind sensible und autonome Symptome, Paresen können jedoch auftreten. Komplikationen wie stumme Myokardinfarkte oder das diabetische Fußsyndrom können lebensbedrohlich verlaufen und zu schwerer Behinderung führen. In ihrer Pathophysiologie unterscheiden sich Neuropathien bei Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetikern durch die Gegenwart zusätzlicher Risikofaktoren des metabolischen Syndroms. Die intensivierte ist der konventionellen Insulintherapie im Hinblick auf die Neuropathierisikoreduktion überlegen. Orale Antidiabetika sind nach Nebenwirkungsprofil auszuwählen. Metformin kann zu einem iatrogenen Vitamin-B12-Mangel führen. Zur Behandlung neuropathischer Schmerzen besitzt der Kalziumkanalblocker Pregabalin die höchste Empfehlungsstufe. Das Trizyklikum Amitriptylin gilt als ähnlich wirksam, ist aber bei autonomer Dysfunktion sowie kognitiven Einschränkungen kontraindiziert. Alternativ ist der Serotonin-Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer Duloxetin zur symptomatischen Therapie der diabetischen Neuropathie zugelassen. Umstritten sind weitere, zum Teil nicht zugelassene Medikamente wie α‑Liponsäure, Epalrestat und L‑Serin.SchlussfolgerungenDie diabetische Neuropathie ist häufig und komplikationsreich. Ein gutes Verständnis der Pathophysiologie kann zur Entwicklung neuer Therapiestrategien beitragen.
A multi-residue method by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of chiral and non-chiral chemicals of emerging concern in environmental samples
Authors: Rice Jack , Lubben Anneke , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis manuscript presents the development, validation and application of a multi-residue supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 140 chiral and non-chiral chemicals of emerging concern in environmental samples, with 81 compounds being fully quantitative, 14 semi-quantitative and 45 qualitative, validated according to European Medicine Agency (EMA) guidelines (European Medicines Agency 2019). One unified LC-MS method was used to analyse all analytes, which were split into three injection methods to ensure sufficient peak resolution. The unified method provided an average of 113% accuracy and 4.5% precision across the analyte range. Limits of detection were in the range of 35 pg L−1–0.7 μg L−1, in both river water and wastewater, with an average LOD of 33 ng L−1. The method was combined with solid-phase extraction and applied in environmental samples, showing very good accuracy and precision, as well as excellent chromatographic resolution of a range of chiral enantiomers including beta-blockers, benzodiazepines and antidepressants. The method resulted in quantification of 75% of analytes in at least two matrices, and 56% in the trio of environmental matrices of river water, effluent wastewater and influent wastewater, enabling its use in monitoring compounds of environmental concern, from their sources of origin through to their discharge into the environment.
Comparative archaeometric characterization of recent and historical oak (Quercus spp.) wood
Authors: Ghavidel Amir , Hofmann Tamás , Bak Miklós , Sandu Ion , Vasilache Viorica 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present paper studied the chemical composition of recent and historical oak wood comparing the extractive, holocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin, and ash contents. Comprehensive knowledge of the chemical components in recent and historical oak wood will facilitate the use of conservation agent in the restoration and conservation process of the investigated artifacts. The cyclohexane–ethanol extract of historical oak wood was significantly lower compared to recent wood, which can be explained by the leaching of extractives into the soil. No significant differences in the holocellulose and α-cellulose content of recent and historical oak wood were found. The lignin and the ash contents were significantly higher in the historical samples. The EDX analysis of the ash of historical oak wood showed remarkably higher iron content compared to the recent material. The result indicated the degradation of hemicelluloses in the historical sample. The significant difference in the amount of ash between the samples was explained by sediment materials that have been introduced into the wood from the soil. SEM imaging made these materials clearly visible as depositions in the cell lumens.
Quantum-limited measurements of intensity noise levels in Yb-doped fiber amplifiers
Authors: Popp Alexandra , Distler Victor , Jaksch Kevin , Sedlmeir Florian , Müller Christian R. , Haarlammert Nicoletta , Schreiber Thomas , Marquardt Christoph , Tünnermann Andreas , Leuchs Gerd 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate the frequency-resolved intensity noise spectrum of an Yb-doped fiber amplifier down to the fundamental limit of quantum noise. We focus on the kHz and low MHz frequency regime with special interest in the region between 1 and 10 kHz. Intensity noise levels up to $$\ge$$
≥
60 dB above the shot noise limit are found, revealing great optimization potential. Additionally, two seed lasers with different noise characteristics were amplified, showing that the seed source has a significant impact and should be considered in the design of high power fiber amplifiers.
Identification of structures and mechanisms in a flow field by POD analysis for input data obtained from visualization and PIV
Authors: Vitkovicova Rut , Yokoi Yoshifumi , Hyhlik Tomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the application of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for data obtained from visualizations. Using the POD method, the flow field behind one and two cylinders in a staggered configuration was analyzed. The data processed by this method were obtained from experimental measurements of flow fields using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method and visualization. The dominant frequencies of the flow pattern from these data were compared using constant temperature anemometry (CTA) measurements. Attention was mainly focused on the flow at three Reynolds numbers: 500, 1200, and 2500. Velocity and vortex fields were created from PIV measurements in the wind tunnel forRe = 500, and video images of flow fields were obtained from dye visualizations in the hydrodynamic tunnel. The components of velocity, vorticity (both of PIV), and change in grayscale (from visualization) were used as input data for POD analysis. A methodology for data processing from visualizations was developed for subsequent analysis using the POD method. A new technique has been found to identify structures in the wake of the cylinders in a staggered configuration by analyzing POD based on various types of input data. The measured fields of dominant frequencies from the CTA and a thorough analysis of the POD modes and their relative energy values for each type of data made it possible to identify the structures and mechanisms that occur in the wake of cylinders. This analysis facilitated a better understanding of the importance of these structures and mechanisms, which can then be used to control the flow behind the cylinders.Graphic abstract
Die Verschränkung von Alter(n) und Raum in kulturellen Bildungsangeboten
Authors: Gallistl Vera , Parisot Viktoria 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund(Kulturelle) Bildung wird in der gerontologischen Forschung meist in ihren Wirkungen auf ein aktives und positives Alter(n) untersucht und hat sich bislang kaum mit räumlichen Aspekten beschäftigt.Ziele der ArbeitDer vorliegende Beitrag versteht aktives Alter(n) nicht als Ergebnis kultureller Bildung, sondern fokussiert auf Praktiken der Herstellung von Alter(n) in Bildungsangeboten. Es wird dabei der Frage nachgegangen, welche Bedeutungen des Alter(n)s den Räumen kultureller Bildungsangebote für ältere Menschen zugrunde liegen, und wie diese dadurch aktives Alter(n) ermöglichen oder begrenzen.Material und MethodenMethodisch baut der Beitrag auf 6 Fallstudien kultureller Bildungsangebote für ältere Menschen auf. In Angeboten wie einem Jodelseminar oder einem Theaterworkshop wurden Daten mittels teilnehmender Beobachtung und qualitativer Interviews mit Teilnehmenden und Angebotsleitenden erhoben und situationsanalytisch ausgewertet.ErgebnisseDie für die Angebote genutzten Räume spielten für die älteren Teilnehmenden eine zentrale Rolle im Erleben der Angebote, da diese nicht exklusiv für ältere Zielgruppen gedacht waren und dadurch eine spezifische Bedeutung erhielten. Das (Alters‑)Erleben war außerdem von der spezifischen Nutzung der Räume im Angebot geprägt. Aktives Alter(n) wurde durch die Aneignung von Raum und die Erzeugung von Präsenz durch spezifische räumliche Anordnungen umgesetzt.DiskussionDer Beitrag zeigt, wie räumliche Umwelten und Erleben des Alter(n)s verwoben sind. Aktives Alter(n) zu ermöglichen, bedeutet, Räume zur Verfügung zu stellen, die im Sinne eines aktiven Alter(n)s genutzt werden können. Für die ökologische Gerontologie verdeutlicht der Beitrag die Bedeutung der symbolischen Dimension von Räumen und Umwelten um Alter.
Concomitant lorazepam use and antidepressive efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a naturalistic setting
Authors: Deppe M. , Abdelnaim M. , Hebel T. , Kreuzer P. M. , Poeppl T. B. , Langguth B. , Schecklmann M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background/objectives:
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been established as an effective therapeutic intervention for the treatment of depression. Preliminary data suggest that the efficacy of rTMS is reduced in patients taking benzodiazepines (BZD). Here, we use real-world data from a large sample to investigate the influence of lorazepam on the effectiveness of rTMS.

Methods
From a retrospective cohort of clinically depressed patients that were treated with rTMS, we compared 176 patients not taking any BZD with 73 patients taking lorazepam with respect to changes in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRDS).

Results
Both groups improved during rTMS according to HRDS scores, but the amelioration of symptoms was significantly less pronounced in patients taking lorazepam (18% vs. 38% responders in the non-lorazepam group). We could not see any association of intake regimen of lorazepam with response in rTMS.

Conclusion
Our observational study suggests that intake of lorazepam impedes the response to rTMS. The impact of lorazepam and other BZD on rTMS should receive more attention and be further investigated in prospective, hypothesis-based treatment studies to determine causal relationships between medication treatments and outcome. This could lead to specific recommendations for pharmacological treatment for depressed patients undergoing rTMS.
Pulmonary pathology and COVID-19: lessons from autopsy. The experience of European Pulmonary Pathologists
Authors: Calabrese Fiorella , Pezzuto Federica , Fortarezza Francesco , Hofman Paul , Kern Izidor , Panizo Angel , von der Thüsen Jan , Timofeev Sergei , Gorkiewicz Gregor , Lunardi Francesca 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince its initial recognition in December 2019, Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has quickly spread to a pandemic infectious disease. The causative agent has been recognized as a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), primarily affecting the respiratory tract. To date, no vaccines are available nor any specific treatment. To limit the number of infections, strict directives have been issued by governments that have been translated into equally rigorous guidelines notably for post-mortem examinations by international and national scientific societies. The recommendations for biosafety control required during specimen collection and handling have strongly limited the practice of autopsies of the COVID-19 patients to a few adequate laboratories. A full pathological examination has always been considered an important tool to better understand the pathophysiology of diseases, especially when the knowledge of an emerging disorder is limited and the impact on the healthcare system is significant. The first evidence of diffuse alveolar damage in the context of an acute respiratory distress syndrome has now been joined by the latest findings that report a more complex scenario in COVID-19, including a vascular involvement and a wide spectrum of associated pathologies. Ancillary tools such as electron microscopy and molecular biology used on autoptic tissue samples from autopsy are also significantly contributing to confirm and/or identify new aspects useful for a deeper knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms. This article will review and summarize the pathological findings described in COVID-19 until now, chiefly focusing on the respiratory tract, highlighting the importance of autopsy towards a better knowledge of this disease.
Tapentadol is effective in the management of moderate-to-severe cancer-related pain in opioid-naïve and opioid-tolerant patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Sazuka Shoichiro , Koitabashi Toshiya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Tapentadol is a dual-acting mu-opioid receptor agonist and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor with non-inferior analgesic efficacy to oxycodone and better gastrointestinal tolerability than full mu-opioid receptor agonists. Tapentadol is approved for cancer pain in Japan; however, real-world evidence on tapentadol’s effectiveness and safety for cancer-related pain in Japan is limited.

Methods
This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of tapentadol (by patient type—opioid-naïve and opioid-tolerant) in 84 patients with moderate-to-severe cancer pain at Ichikawa General Hospital between September 2014 and August 2016.

Results
Almost 93% of patients achieved clinically relevant pain relief within 4 days (median). Over 90% of patients with neuropathic pain or mixed pain and all patients with nociceptive pain were responders. Pain intensity significantly decreased from baseline through to the end of maintenance period in opioid-naïve and opioid-tolerant patients. No patients discontinued tapentadol due to serious adverse events. No opioid-naïve patients experienced nausea or vomiting during tapentadol treatment. Only three opioid-tolerant patients experienced nausea which was considered to be related to tapentadol.

Conclusion
Tapentadol is effective and well tolerated in opioid-naïve and opioid-tolerant patients with cancer pain of varying pathophysiology, including those with nociceptive and/or neuropathic components. Tapentadol may be considered for first-line use in moderate-to-severe cancer-related pain.
The difference between steroid diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT study
Authors: Zhao Qingqing , Zhou Jinxin , Pan Yu , Ju Huijun , Zhu Liying , Liu Yang , Zhang Yifan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aims
Steroid diabetes mellitus (SDM) is a metabolic syndrome caused by an increase in glucocorticoids, and its pathogenesis is unclear. 18F-FDG PET/CT can reflect the glucose metabolism of tissues and organs under living conditions. Here, PET/CT imaging of SDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats was used to visualize changes in glucose metabolism in the main glucose metabolizing organs and investigate the pathogenesis of SDM.

Methods
SDM and T2DM rat models were established. During this time, PET/CT imaging was used to measure the %ID/g value of skeletal muscle and liver to evaluate glucose uptake. The pancreatic, skeletal muscle and liver were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
SDM rats showed increased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, hyperplasia of islet α and β cells, increased FDG uptake in skeletal muscle accompanied by an up-regulation of PI3Kp85α, IRS-1, and GLUT4, no significant changes in liver uptake, and that glycogen storage in the liver and skeletal muscle increased. T2DM rats showed atrophy of pancreatic islet β cells and decreased insulin levels, significantly reduced FDG uptake and glycogen storage in skeletal muscle and liver.

Conclusions
The pathogenesis of SDM is different from that of T2DM. The increased glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle may be related to the increased compensatory secretion of insulin. Glucocorticoids promote the proliferation of islet α cells and cause an increase in gluconeogenesis in the liver, which may cause increased blood glucose.
Determination of Numerical Errors in Under-Resolved DNS of Turbulent Non-isothermal Flows
Authors: Yigit S. , Hasslberger J. , Klein M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe methodology to quantify the numerical dissipation in Under-resolved DNS (UDNS) based on the balance of the kinetic energy equation by Schranner et al. (Comput Fluids 114:84–97, 2015), has been examined in this study. Furthermore, this methodology has been extended for considering active scalars, based on both balance of the kinetic energy and thermal variance equations for assessing the quality of UDNS. As a first step towards the analysis of reactive flows, where temperature is actively coupled to the momentum equation, the turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a cubical enclosure is considered here. The simulations have been carried out for different Prandtl numbers ($$Pr=0.1, 1.0, 10$$

P
r
=
0.1
,
1.0
,
10

) to analyse different levels of momentum-temperature coupling for a representative value of nominal Rayleigh number ($$Ra=10^7$$

R
a
=

10
7

) in order to investigate the effects of grid resolution and discretisation schemes on the numerical dissipation. It has been found that the numerical dissipation for both kinetic energy ($$R_{k}$$

R
k

) and thermal variance ($$R_{t}$$

R
t

) can range between positive or negative values depending on the combined effects of temporal and spatial discretisation schemes and grid spacing. The positive values of $$R_{k}$$

R
k

and $$R_{t}$$

R
t

indicate a loss of the kinetic energy and thermal variance due to numerical errors, whereas the negative values of $$R_{k}$$

R
k

and $$R_{t}$$

R
t

result in a moderate attenuation of these quantities. Accordingly, the numerical dissipation results obtained here (i.e. $$R_{k}$$

R
k

and $$R_{t}$$

R
t

) have been utilised for evaluating the effective values of the Rayleigh and Prandtl number (i.e. $$Ra_{eff}$$

R

a

eff

, $$Pr_{eff}$$

P

r

eff

) for UDNS. Using the scaling of the mean Nusselt number ($$Nu \sim {Ra^a} {Pr^b}$$

N
u
∼

R

a
a

P

r
b

), it has been shown that the error relative to exact mean Nusselt number can be estimated based on $$R_{k}$$

R
k

, $$R_{t}$$

R
t

and the effective mean Nusselt number of the UDNS ($$Nu_{UDNS}$$

N

u

UDNS

). Overall, this methodology has been found a promising tool for the quality assessment of UDNS for the applications of non-isothermal flows (e.g. Rayleigh–Bénard convection).
Towards Interoperability in Clinical Research - Enabling FHIR on the Open-Source Research Platform XNAT
Authors: Khvastova Maryna , Witt Michael , Essenwanger Andrea , Sass Julian , Thun Sylvia , Krefting Dagmar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an approach to enable interoperability of the research data management system XNAT by the implementation of the HL7 standards framework Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR). The FHIR implementation is realized as an XNAT plugin (Source code: https://github.com/somnonetz/xnat-fhir-plugin), that allows easy adoption in arbitrary XNAT instances. The approach is demonstrated on patient data exchange between a FHIR reference implementation and XNAT.
Development of New Preheating Methods for Hot Forging Tools Based on Industrial Case Studies and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Hawryluk Marek , Widomski Paweł , Kaszuba Marcin , Krawczyk Jakub 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study performs an overview and evaluation of the currently applied methods of preheating forging tools used in hot die forging processes performed on presses and presents the development and tests of new, more effective methods. Based on the conducted complex analysis of the temperature changes taking place on and directly beneath the surface of forging dies during their preliminary heating, an analysis was performed of one of the most commonly used methods of tool heating, i.e., using a charge material and a waste material. Next, the study proposes the introduction of changes and improvements of this method to achieve repeatability and stability of the obtained temperatures. To that end, detailed guidelines concerning the manner and time of the heating process were elaborated. The following step was the development of a new, more effective heating method. The first draft involved a new concept of heating using heaters localized in the die’s housing or heaters in the shape of forgings placed between the dies. Both concepts of heating were numerically modeled, which made it possible to assess their effectiveness. The last step of the research was the development of a heating method using induction heaters. This method was the most effective and brought the best results, which was confirmed during the modeling of the heating process and in the tests conducted on the prototype test stand. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of almost all the methods, especially the method of heating by means of a charge material, supported by new guidelines, the method of heating with the use of forging-shaped heaters and the method of induction heating. Only in the case of heating with heaters mounted in the tool housing was the assumed working temperature not achieved. Some differences were observed mainly related to efficiency, that is, the heating speed in respect to the assumed temperature. The performed tests showed that the best method is induction heating as it is over twice as fast. Therefore, it is usually recommended for the process of heating and the additional heating realized in the work center of the press on the mounted tools, where the time aspect is especially important.