bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critique of Alexy’s Claim to Correctness
Authors: Bix Brian H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article offers an overview of the difficulties in Robert Alexy’s idea of law’s “claim to correctness.” The inquiry takes us deep into the nature of simple communication, back out to what it means to have a theory about the nature of law, and also in the direction of wondering about the interaction of legal theory and practical reasoning—reasoning about how we should best act. The article offers reasons to question whether law in fact makes claims, at least in any straightforward sense. Even if one brackets that matter, there are reasons to raise doubts about what is in fact implicit in the act of lawmaking. At one level, an act of lawmaking does implicitly assert the authority to act in that way. Whether it also implies that the content of the action is morally good, or at least not clearly morally bad, is, at a minimum, a harder question.
Low‐frequency dipolar electromagnetic scattering by a solid ellipsoid in lossless environment
Authors: Vafeas Panayiotis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectromagnetic wave scattering phenomena for target identification are important in many applications related to fundamental science and engineering. Here, we present an analytical formulation for the calculation of the magnetic and electric fields that scatter off a highly conductive ellipsoidal body, located within an otherwise homogeneous and isotropic lossless medium. The primary excitation source assumes a time‐harmonic magnetic dipole, precisely fixed and arbitrarily orientated that operates at low frequencies and produces the incident fields. The scattering problem itself is modeled with respect to rigorous expansions of the electromagnetic fields at the low‐frequency regime in terms of positive integral powers of the real wave number of the ambient. Obviously, the Rayleigh static term and a few dynamic terms are sufficient for the purpose of the present work, as the additional terms are neglected due to their minor contribution. Therein, the classical Maxwell's theory is suitably modified, leading to intertwined either Laplace's or Poisson's equations, accompanied by the impenetrable boundary conditions for the total fields and the limiting behavior at infinity. On the other hand, the complete spatial anisotropy of the three‐dimensional space is secured via the introduction of the genuine ellipsoidal coordinate system, being appropriate for tackling incrementally such scattering boundary value problems. The nonaxisymmetric fields are obtained via infinite series expansions in terms of ellipsoidal harmonic eigenfunctions, providing handy closed‐form solutions in a compact fashion, whose validity is verified by a straightforward reduction to simpler geometries of the metal object. The main idea is to demonstrate an efficient methodology, according to which the constructed analytical formulae can offer the appropriate environment for a fast numerical estimation of the scattered electromagnetic fields that could be useful for real data inversion.
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility as an indicator for palaeocurrent analysis in folded turbidites (Outer Western Carpathians, Poland)
Authors: Stachowska Aleksandra , Łoziński Maciej , Śmigielski Michał , Wysocka Anna , Jankowski Leszek , Ziółkowski Piotr 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is a well‐known geological proxy in revealing the directional tectonic and sedimentological features of rocks, although it can be ambiguous in situations where these two factors co‐occur. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in determining palaeotransport directions in turbiditic rocks that underwent subsequent thrusting and folding. This study demonstrates that the magnetic lineation is largely unsuitable as a palaeocurrent direction proxy, and suggests that the imbrication of magnetic foliation is better in such cases. Moreover, the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility results were analyzed in reference to a joint and fold study within the framework of the regional structural geology. Magnetic fabric investigations were conducted in the eastern part of the Outer Western Carpathians (south‐east Poland). During the study, a total of 191 oriented palaeomagnetic samples were collected from three outcrops (Nasiczne, Dwernik and Hoczew) in the Krosno Beds, Silesian Unit. For the purpose of sedimentological analysis, 121 m of turbidite successions were documented and 126 directional sedimentary structures were measured. The magnetic anisotropy of sandstones revealed typical sedimentary fabrics, often overprinted by variably intense tectonic deformation. Oblate susceptibility ellipsoids from Nasiczne showed tilt coherent with the palaeoflow direction, whereas the rocks from Dwernik and Hoczew contained triaxial magnetic fabric developed during compressional palaeostress. This paper suggests that medium‐grained and coarse‐grained sandstones, preferably with high mica content, are the most suitable for palaeotransport reconstructions among the studied lithologies.
Sandstone Acidizing Using a Low-Reaction Acid System
Authors: Gomaa Ibrahim , Mahmoud Mohamed , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Sandstone acidizing is the process of removing the damage from sandstone reservoirs to restore the well productivity/injectivity to its original or expected rates. It differs from carbonate acidizing in which a substantial portion of the rock is dissolved. Stimulating sandstone with mud acid HF/HCl may cause many problems as sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock that consists mainly of quartz, silica minerals, feldspars, clays, and minor quantities of zeolite and chlorites. When conventional mud acid reacts with rock some sensitive components of sandstone get cemented by silica, calcite, or iron oxides. This happens due to the different precipitation reactions that take place and form fluosilicates, calcium fluorides, silica-gel filming, and even colloidal silica-gel compounds. In this work, two chelating agents, hydroxyethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (HEDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), were used to stimulate Berea sandstone cores. Berea sandstone cores were scanned using the XRD to quantify their mineralogical composition. Different pore volumes of 0.6M HEDTA and 0.6M DTPA were used as a preflush followed by different concentrations of HF as a main flush. For the post-flush stage, ammonium chloride was used to flow back the cores and measure their permeability. The levels of calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and iron ions in the effluent samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) to assess the ability of each chemical to leach these different ions. Both HEDTA and DTPA showed a strong capability of chelating calcium, iron, and magnesium ions from the sandstone cores while the amounts of chelated aluminum ions were quite small. Once starting the injection of the used chelating agents, the permeability of the core got enhanced gradually. The higher amounts of the chelating agents resulted in better the cores permeability. However, DTPA showed a better permeability enhancement than HEDTA due to its stronger ability to chelate the calcium, iron, magnesium, and aluminum ions. Adding HF as the main flush initiates different reactions with the clay and silica minerals of the Berea sandstone cores. This caused a reduction in the permeability due to the formation of some precipitates such as fluosilicates and calcium fluorides. Therefore, it is recommended to use a very low concentration of HF while treating the Berea sandstone.
Presentation, surgery and 1-year outcomes of childhood cataract surgery in Tanzania
Authors: Mndeme Furahini Godfrey , Mmbaga Blandina Theophyl , Msina Mchikirwa , Mwende Judith , Vaitha Sonia J , Kim Min J , Macleod David , Burton Matthew J , Gilbert Clare E , Bowman Richard 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundRecent reports have suggested a significant change in the causes of blindness in children in low-income countries cataract becoming the leading cause. We aimed to investigate the presentations and surgical outcomes in children with cataract operated at different ages in Tanzania.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 228 children aged ≤192 months at three tertiary centres, 177 with bilateral cataracts and prospectively followed them for 1-year postsurgery. We collected demographic, surgical, preoperative and postoperative clinical characteristics using the standard childhood cataract surgical assessment questionnaire. Families were encouraged to return for follow-up by phone with travel reimbursement where necessary.ResultsPreoperatively, 76% bilateral children were blind in the better eye. 86% of children were followed up at 1 year and 54% bilateral children achieved visual acuity of 0.48 logMAR or better in the better eye and 5% were blind. 33% of unilateral children achieved visual acuity of 0.48 logMAR or better and 17% were blind. Preoperative blindness (adjusted OR (AOR) 14.65; 95% CI 2.21 to 97.20), preoperative nystagmus/strabismus (AOR 9.22; 95% CI 2.66 to 31.97) and aphakia (AOR, 5.32; 95% CI 1.05 to 26.97) predicted poor visual outcome in bilateral cases. 9% of 342 refracted eyes had initial postoperative cylinder of 1.5 D or more, as did a similar proportion (11%) of 315 eyes refracted 1 year after surgery. Acute fibrinous uveitis occurred in 41 (12%) eyes.ConclusionThree-quarters of children were blind preoperatively whereas over half had good vision 1-year postoperatively. Preoperative blindness, nystagmus/strabismus and aphakia predicted poor visual outcome, suggesting that cataract density determines density of amblyopia.
Early experience treating intracranial aneurysms using Accero: a novel, fully visible, low profile braided stent with platinum–nitinol composite wire technology
Authors: Nania Alberto , Dobbs Nicholas , DuPlessis Johannes , Keston Peter , Downer Jonathan 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAccero is an innovative, fully visible, self-expanding braided stent with platinum–nitinol composite wire technology, produced by Acandis.ObjectiveTo assess the technical success and safety of this new stent by evaluating the intraprocedural behavior and complication rate, and the short-term follow-up results.MethodsForty-one consecutive patients suitable for stent-assisted coiling were selected for the use of Accero in an 11-month period. Clinical, procedural, and angiographic data, as well as 30-day morbidity, were recorded. The angiographic results, clinical follow-up at 30 days, and early imaging follow-up at 3 or 6 months were analyzed, when available.ResultsForty-one aneurysms were treated with stent-assisted coiling. All cases were elective, of which 19 were previously untreated aneurysms and 22 were recurrent aneurysms. Aneurysm location was anterior communicating artery complex (16), basilar (12 cases), middle cerebral artery bifurcation (9 cases), and internal cerebral artery (4 cases). The stent was successfully deployed and aneurysm occlusion with coils achieved in 100% of our patients. One case of on table in-stent thrombosis occurred, which resolved after administration of glycoprotein IIB/IIIA inhibitor, with no clinical consequence, and one case of postoperative hematoma at the arteriotomy site, which was managed conservatively. On early follow-up, available for 37 patients, the complete occlusion rate was 76%, with only two recurrences needing further treatment. Satisfactory aneurysm occlusion was therefore achieved in 95% of cases.ConclusionStent-assisted coiling with the Accero braided stent proved safe and effective.
Mid-term assessment of transverse sinus stent patency in 104 patients treated for intracranial hypertension secondary to dural sinus stenosis
Authors: El Mekabaty Amgad , Pearl Monica Smith , Moghekar Abhay , Gailloud Philippe 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTransverse sinus (TS) stenting is a valid treatment alternative for patients with intracranial hypertension caused by underlying bilateral TS stenoses. Its mid-term patency has, however, not been well documented.ObjectiveTo assess the 6-month patency of TS stenting using subtracted CT venography (CTV).MethodsA retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of patients undergoing TS stenting was performed. The cohort was a single-center, single-operator series of 125 consecutive patients treated between 2008 and 2018. Mid-term follow-up 320-row detector CTV was available for review in 104 patients.ResultsFollow-up CTV was obtained on average 6 months after stenting. Stents in all patients (100%) were patent. Subtracted reconstructions showed no intraluminal thrombus or neointimal hyperplasia. Native reconstructions confirmed the structural integrity of the stents. De novo stenosis proximal to the stent was noted in 10 cases (10%). A total of 10 patients (10%) received additional treatment due to recurrent symptoms. In univariate analysis, both high body mass index and stent size (>6 mm) were associated with development of de novo stenoses: OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.25, p=0.037) and OR 5.63 (95% CI 1.16 to 27.22, p=0.032), respectively. In multivariate analysis, only stent size (>6 mm) remained significant: OR 7.19 (95% CI 1.03 to 50.01, p=0.046).ConclusionTS stenting is an effective treatment for intracranial hypertension secondary to dural sinus stenosis in an appropriately selected patient population. A 320-row dynamic CTV is a high-quality non-invasive imaging method that can assess both the physical integrity of the stent and its patency. At mid-term follow-up, all imaged stents were patent. The occurrence of de novo stenoses proximal to the stent (10%) correlated with stent size (>6 mm).
Psychological impact of quarantine on healthcare workers
Authors: Gómez-Durán Esperanza L , Martin-Fumadó Carles , Forero Carlos G 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesExposure to infection is an inherent occupational risk for healthcare workers and may lead them to undergo quarantine during disease outbreaks. Both front-line battle and quarantine are stressful experiences that may make psychological support for healthcare workers necessary. Psychological support measures based on the best available evidence should be included in emergency plans worldwide. We summarise the research evidence on the psychological impact of quarantine on healthcare workers.MethodsWe retrieved 470 articles on the psychological impact of quarantine on healthcare workers from the Web of Science and included in this review all 12 articles that met our inclusion criteria.ResultsThe reviewed studies reported acute stress during quarantine and long-lasting depressive, post-traumatic stress and alcohol dependency and abuse symptoms. Healthcare workers fear infection for themselves, but more so for their loved ones, and are also concerned about the stigma that may affect their families, most especially their children.ConclusionsThe safety of healthcare workers and their families during disease outbreaks needs to be ensured. Suitable alternative accommodation and personalised monitoring during quarantine are useful intervention measures to prevent adverse effects in healthcare workers. Clear public health communication will help reduce uncertainty, guilt and stigma. Financial aid should be considered for the more severely affected workers. Finally, mental healthcare for healthcare workers should be a priority, as quarantines can be a mental distress trigger. The development of efficient referral paths and the provision of counselling or psychotherapy during the confinement period are an opportunity for early mental health interventions.
The influence of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the structure, optical and dielectric properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Authors: Ramazanov M. A. , Rahimli A. M. , Hajiyeva F. V. 
Published: June 2020

The tendency to improve the properties of insulating materials by incorporating inorganic nanoparticles has become necessary in order to design new insulation systems. In this study, PVC/TiO2-based nanocomposites with different loadings (3, 5 and 10 wt.%) of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by the solution mixing method. The morphology of the prepared nanocomposites was studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Experimentally, it was found that as the concentration increases, the size of the surface structural elements and particle size increases. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis of samples shows improvement compared to the pristine polymer. Furthermore, PL intensity for nanocomposites increases depending on the concentration and saturation occurs at a certain amount of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The increase in luminescence intensity till a certain nanoparticle content is due to the growth of the luminescent surface area. Further saturation is explained by the increase in particle size with no increase or a slight reduction in surface area. Dielectric properties of nanocomposites were studied. It was found that dielectric permittivity of the materials increases as the nanoparticle volume content increases and it reaches at its highest value for the nanocomposites with 3% nanoparticle content. The optical properties of the polymer and nanocomposite films were studied in the region 200 nm to 600 nm. It was found that the PVC/TiO2 nanocomposites showed enhancement in the absorbance intensities which was more significant for the nanocomposites with higher nanoparticle content compared to the pristine polymer. Furthermore, absorption spectra were used to calculate the optical bandgap of the prepared nanocomposite films and redshift observed in the calculated values of bandgap for nanocomposites. Consequently, it was proved that by incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles into the polymer matrix, the spectral region of the samples can be expanded resulting in broadened application of such systems in various fields of science and technology.
Model-based Dose Individualization of Sunitinib in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Centanni Maddalena , Krishnan Sreenath M. , Friberg Lena E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Various biomarkers have been proposed for sunitinib therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, the lack of “real-life” comparative studies hampers the selection of the most appropriate one. We, therefore, set up a pharmacometric simulation framework to compare each proposed biomarker.

Experimental Design:
Models describing relations between sunitinib exposure, adverse events (hand–foot syndrome, fatigue, hypertension, and neutropenia), soluble VEGFR (sVEGFR)-3, and overall survival (OS) were connected to evaluate the differences in survival and adverse events under different dosing algorithms. Various fixed dosing regimens [4/2 (weeks on/weeks off) or 2/1 (50 mg), and continuous daily dosing (37.5 mg)] and individualization approaches [concentration-adjusted dosing (CAD), toxicity-adjusted dosing (TAD), and sVEGFR-3–adjusted dosing (VAD)] were explored following earlier suggested blood sampling schedules and dose-reduction criteria. Model-based forecasts of biomarker changes were evaluated for predictive accuracy and the advantage of a model-based dosing algorithm was evaluated for clinical implementation.

Results:
The continuous daily dosing regimen was predicted to result in the longest survival. TAD (24.5 months) and VAD (25.5 months) increased median OS as compared with a fixed dose schedule (19.9 and 21.5 months, respectively) and CAD (19.7 and 21.3 months, respectively), without markedly raising the risk of intolerable toxicities. Changes in neutrophil count and sVEGFR-3 were accurately forecasted in the majority of subjects (&gt;65%), based on biweekly blood sampling.

Conclusions:
Dose adjustments based on the pharmacodynamic biomarkers neutrophil count and sVEGFR-3 can increase OS while retaining drug safety. Future efforts could explore the possibility of incorporating a model-based dose approach in clinical practice to increase dosing accuracy for these biomarkers.
Predictors of Treatment Response Following Ultrasound-Facilitated Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Submassive and Massive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Sardar Partha , Piazza Gregory , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Liu Ping-Yu , Prabhu William , Soukas Peter , Aronow Herbert D. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Little is known about which factors predict improvement in clinical and imaging parameters among patients undergoing catheter-directed thrombolysis for submassive or massive pulmonary embolism. The identification of such predictors may allow for more appropriate patient selection for ultrasound-facilitated catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients from the SEATTLE II trial (Prospective, Single-Arm, Multi-Center Trial of EkoSonic Endovascular System and Activase for Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism) to identify clinical characteristics that independently predict pulmonary artery pressures, right ventricular-to-left ventricular (RV/LV) diameter ratio, and modified Miller angiographic index following ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis. Eligible patients had submassive or massive pulmonary embolism and an RV/LV diameter ratio ≥0.9 on chest computed tomography. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent clinical predictors of each outcome.

Results:

One hundred fifty patients with massive (n=31) or submassive (n=119) pulmonary embolism were enrolled. Mean (±SD) baseline and postprocedure RV/LV diameter ratio, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and modified Miller Score were 1.59 (±0.39) and 1.14 (±0.2), 51.45 (±16.0), and 37.47 (±11.9), and 23.0 (±5.7) and 15.7 (±5.9), respectively. The multivariable model adjusted
R
2
for absolute change in RV/LV ratio, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, modified Miller Score was 0.71, 0.57, and 0.43, respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, and baseline RV/LV ratio, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and modified Miller Score, patients with higher body mass index, renal or hepatic dysfunction, active smoking, or a higher baseline heart rate showed less improvement.

Conclusions:
Patients with more life-threatening pulmonary embolism may derive the greatest benefit from ultrasound-assisted, catheter-directed thrombolysis.