bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling radiofrequency responses of realistic multi-electrode leads containing helical and straight wires
Authors: Kozlov Mikhail , Horner Marc , Kainz Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To present a modeling workflow for the evaluation of a lead electromagnetic model (LEM) consisting of a transfer function (TF) and a calibration factor. The LEM represents an analytical relationship between the RF response of a lead and the incident electromagnetic field. The study also highlights the importance of including key geometric details of the lead and the electrode when modeling multi-electrode leads.

Methods
The electrical and thermal responses of multi-electrode leads with helical and straight wires were investigated using 3D electromagnetic (EM) and thermal co-simulations. The net dissipated power (P) around each lead electrode and the net temperature increase at the electrodes (ΔT) were obtained for a set of incident EM fields with different spatial distributions. A reciprocity approach was used to determine a TF for each electrode based on the results of the computational model. The evaluation of the calibration factors and the TF validation were performed using the linear regression of P versus the LEM predictions.

Results
P and ΔT were investigated for four multi-electrode leads and four single-electrode leads containing either helical or straight wires. All electrodes of the multi-electrode lead were found to be points of high power deposition and temperature rise. The LEMs for the individual electrodes varied substantially. A significant dependence of the calibration factors on the surrounding tissue medium was also found. Finally, the model showed that the TF, the calibration factor, P and ΔT for multi-electrode leads differ significantly from those for single-electrode leads.

Conclusion
These results highlight the need to evaluate a LEM for each electrode of a multi-electrode lead as well as for each possible surrounding medium. It is also shown that the results derived from simulations based on simplified single-electrode leads can significantly mislead multi-electrode lead analyses.
A speedy auction using approximated bidders’ preferences
Authors: Ingebretsen Carlson Jim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a combinatorial auction, which is of particular interest when short completion times are of importance. It is based on a method for approximating the bidders’ preferences over two types of item when complementarity between the two may exist. The resulting approximated preference relation is shown to be complete and transitive at any given price vector. It is shown that an approximated Walrasian equilibrium always exists if all bidders either view the items as substitutes or complements. If the approximated preferences of the bidders comply with the gross substitutes condition, then the set of approximated Walrasian equilibrium prices forms a complete lattice. A process is proposed that is shown to always reach the smallest approximated Walrasian price vector. Simulation results suggest that the approximation procedure works well as the difference between the approximated and true minimal Walrasian prices is small.
Meaningful human control as reason-responsiveness: the case of dual-mode vehicles
Authors: Mecacci Giulio , Santoni de Sio Filippo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, in line with the general framework of value-sensitive design, we aim to operationalize the general concept of “Meaningful Human Control” (MHC) in order to pave the way for its translation into more specific design requirements. In particular, we focus on the operationalization of the first of the two conditions (Santoni de Sio and Van den Hoven 2018) investigated: the so-called ‘tracking’ condition. Our investigation is led in relation to one specific subcase of automated system: dual-mode driving systems (e.g. Tesla ‘autopilot’). First, we connect and compare meaningful human control with a concept of control very popular in engineering and traffic psychology (Michon 1985), and we explain to what extent tracking resembles and differs from it. This will help clarifying the extent to which the idea of meaningful human control is connected to, but also goes beyond, current notions of control in engineering and psychology. Second, we take the systematic analysis of practical reasoning as traditionally presented in the philosophy of human action (Anscombe, Bratman, Mele) and we adapt it to offer a general framework where different types of reasons and agents are identified according to their relation to an automated system’s behaviour. This framework is meant to help explaining what reasons and what agents (should) play a role in controlling a given system, thereby enabling policy makers to produce usable guidelines and engineers to design systems that properly respond to selected human reasons. In the final part, we discuss a practical example of how our framework could be employed in designing automated driving systems.
The relation between sarcomere energetics and the rate of isometric tension relaxation in healthy and diseased cardiac muscle
Authors: Vitale Giulia , Ferrantini Cecilia , Piroddi Nicoletta , Scellini Beatrice , Pioner Josè Manuel , Colombini Barbara , Tesi Chiara , Poggesi Corrado 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFull muscle relaxation happens when [Ca2+] falls below the threshold for force activation. Several experimental models, from whole muscle organs and intact muscle down to skinned fibers, have been used to explore the cascade of kinetic events leading to mechanical relaxation. The use of single myofibrils together with fast solution switching techniques, has provided new information about the role of cross-bridge (CB) dissociation in the time course of isometric force decay. Myofibril’s relaxation is biphasic starting with a slow seemingly linear phase, with a rate constant, slow kREL, followed by a fast mono-exponential phase. Sarcomeres remain isometric during the slow force decay that reflects CB detachment under isometric conditions while the final fast relaxation phase begins with a sudden give of few sarcomeres and is then dominated by intersarcomere dynamics. Based on a simple two-state model of the CB cycle, myofibril slow kREL represents the apparent forward rate with which CBs leave force generating states (gapp) under isometric conditions and correlates with the energy cost of tension generation (ATPase/tension ratio); in short slow kREL ~ gapp ~ tension cost. The validation of this relationship is obtained by simultaneously measuring maximal isometric force and ATP consumption in skinned myocardial strips that provide an unambiguous determination of the relation between contractile and energetic properties of the sarcomere. Thus, combining kinetic experiments in isolated myofibrils and mechanical and energetic measurements in multicellular cardiac strips, we are able to provide direct evidence for a positive linear correlation between myofibril isometric relaxation kinetics (slow kREL) and the energy cost of force production both measured in preparations from the same cardiac sample. This correlation remains true among different types of muscles with different ATPase activities and also when CB kinetics are altered by cardiomyopathy-related mutations. Sarcomeric mutations associated to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a primary cardiac disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, have been often found to accelerate CB turnover rate and increase the energy cost of myocardial contraction. Here we review data showing that faster CB detachment results in a proportional increase in the energetic cost of tension generation in heart samples from both HCM patients and mouse models of the disease.
Flexible yet fair: blinding analyses in experimental psychology
Authors: Dutilh Gilles , Sarafoglou Alexandra , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe replicability of findings in experimental psychology can be improved by distinguishing sharply between hypothesis-generating research and hypothesis-testing research. This distinction can be achieved by preregistration, a method that has recently attracted widespread attention. Although preregistration is fair in the sense that it inoculates researchers against hindsight bias and confirmation bias, preregistration does not allow researchers to analyze the data flexibly without the analysis being demoted to exploratory. To alleviate this concern we discuss how researchers may conduct blinded analyses (MacCoun and Perlmutter in Nature 526:187–189, 2015). As with preregistration, blinded analyses break the feedback loop between the analysis plan and analysis outcome, thereby preventing cherry-picking and significance seeking. However, blinded analyses retain the flexibility to account for unexpected peculiarities in the data. We discuss different methods of blinding, offer recommendations for blinding of popular experimental designs, and introduce the design for an online blinding protocol.
Process evaluation of a tailored work-related support intervention for patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Zaman AnneClaire G. N. M. , Tytgat Kristien M. A. J. , Klinkenbijl Jean H. G. , de Boer Angela G. E. M. , Frings-Dresen Monique H. W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To perform a process evaluation of a tailored work-related support intervention for patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods
The intervention comprised three tailored psychosocial work-related support meetings. To outline the process evaluation of this intervention, we used six key components: recruitment, context, reach, dose delivered, dose received and fidelity. Data were collected using questionnaires, checklists and research logbooks and were analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results
In total, 16 hospitals, 33 nurses and 7 oncological occupational physicians (OOPs) participated. Analysis of the six key components revealed that the inclusion rate of eligible patients was 47%. Thirty-eight intervention patients were included: 35 actually had a first meeting, 32 had a second and 17 had a third. For 31 patients (89%), the first meeting was face to face, as per protocol. However, in only 32% of the cases referred to support type A (oncological nurse) and 13% of the cases referred to support type B (OOP), the first meeting was before the start of the treatment, as per protocol. The average duration of the support type A meetings was around the pre-established 30 min; for the OOPs, the average was 50 min. Protocol was easy to follow according to the healthcare professionals. Overall, the patients considered the intervention useful.

Conclusions
This study has shown that the strategy of tailored work-related support is appreciated by both patients and healthcare professionals and applicable in clinical practice.

Implications for Cancer survivors
The intervention was appreciated by patients; however, whether the timing of the work-related support was adequate (i.e. before treatment was started) requires further research.

Trial registration
NTR5022.
The δ15N value of N2 fixing actinorhizal plants and legumes grown with N2 as the only nitrogen source
Authors: Gentili Francesco G. , Huss-Danell Kerstin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different plant parts and the age of plants at harvest as well as N2 fixing bacterial strains on the N concentration in symbiotic plant parts, especially on the δ15N signature of the actinorhizal plants and legumes. The 15N natural abundance method was used. Two actinorhizal plants were studied: Alnus incana (L.) infected with the Frankia strains ArI3 or “lsF” (local source of Frankia) and Hippophaë rhamnoides (L.) infected with the Frankia strains T1 or E15b. Two legume species were studied: Hedysarum coronarium (L.), infected with a soil suspension, and Robinia pseudoacacia (L.), infected with a crushed nodule suspension. It was particularly interesting that in A. incana, the two Frankia strains affected not only N concentration and δ15N signature of leaves and roots, but also had an impact on plant growth at first harvest. In Hippophaë rhamnoides plants inoculated with the Frankia strains T1 and E15b, N concentrations and δ15N values did not differ at any harvest time. However, plants nodulated by the Frankia strain T1 showed a higher nitrogen fixation rate and higher plant dry matter at all harvesting times. Based on our results for the quantification of N2 fixation with the “B” value, that is the δ15N value of the N2 fixing plants relying only on N2 fixation, plant parts, ages and strains should be carefully considered.
What is the optimal risk scoring for predicting complications after colorectal surgery in elderly patients?
Authors: Inoue Koetsu , Ueno Tatsuya , Akishige Naoki , Soeta Toshihiro , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Nakayama Shun , Shima Kentaro , Goto Shinji , Takahashi Michinaga , Naitoh Takeshi , Naito Hiroo 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Although several risk scoring systems that predict postoperative complication incidence are available, the optimal scoring tool for elderly colorectal cancer patients remains unknown.

Material and Methods:
Records of 659 patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancer were retrospectively reviewed, and 130 patients aged >80 years were divided into two groups according to postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ grade II) as Complication group and Non-complication group.Scoring systems such as the Surgical Apgar score (SAS), and the Prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and sections of the Physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM; physiological score (PS-P), and operative severity score (OS-P)), the Colorectal POSSUM (CR-POSSUM; physiological score (PS-CP) and operative severity score (OS-CP)), and Estimating the physiologic ability and surgical stress score (E-PASS; preoperative risk score (PRS), surgical stress score (SSS) and comprehensive risk score (CRS)) were analyzed.

Results:
The PS-P, PRS, and CRS were significantly different between the two groups in univariate analysis. Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of PRS was the highest among the scoring systems. Multivariate analysis also showed PRS was a useful risk scoring tool.

Conclusions:
PRS may be useful for predicting the occurrence of complications for colorectal cancer in elderly patients.

Highlights:
Ballooning emplacement and alteration of the Chah-Musa subvolcanic intrusion (NE Iran) inferred from magnetic susceptibility and fabric
Authors: Seifivand Ali , Sheibi Maryam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe porphyritic diorite Chah-Musa subvolcanic intrusion is located in the Toroud-Chah Shirin magmatic arc in the northern Central Iranian structural zone. The elliptical Chah-Musa body hosts a copper deposit and intrudes an Eocene sequence of volcanic breccia, agglomerate and red tuffaceous sediment. High magnetic susceptibility values are attributed to the presence of magnetite as a magnetic carrier. Changes in bulk magnetic susceptibility correlate with zonation of alteration in the intrusion. Although the degree of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility decreases due to hydrothermal alteration, the field observations confirm that this parameter can be used as a strain marker. Strongly oblate magnetic ellipsoids are found in the eastern half of the intrusion where isolated outcrops of flat-lying tuffaceous host cover dioritic rocks (roof zone). Stations with prolate ellipsoids mostly belong to the centre of the intrusion where the magnetic lineations plunge steeply. They are interpreted as indicating the main feeder zone. The concentric fabric pattern at the periphery of intrusion, the oblate magnetic ellipsoids at the roof, the highest anisotropy degree along the small diameter of the intrusion, and an intense deformation of the host rocks, especially at the western margin, all are evidence that the intrusion was ballooning during the late stages of its emplacement. Ascent and emplacement of the Chah-Musa body is ascribed to the tensional space provided by a dextral shear zone created by the regional left-lateral movement on the bounding Anjilow and Toroud strike-slip faults.
The utility of lateral neck radiographs in the management of fish bones
Authors: Pitts-Tucker T , Biggs T C , Patel N N 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLateral neck radiographs are commonly used in the investigation and management of patients presenting with suspected fish bone impaction. The effectiveness of these is questioned, as many fish do not have radio-opaque bones.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the utility of lateral neck radiographs in the management of patients presenting with fish bones retained in the upper aerodigestive tract, with the creation of a treatment algorithm to guide further management.MethodsAn audit of practice was undertaken at the University Hospital of Southampton, identifying all patients admitted with potential fish bone impaction in the upper aerodigestive tract. Following analysis, a treatment algorithm was constructed for use by junior doctors.ResultsIn total, 34 per cent of patients with a normal radiograph were subsequently found to have a fish bone present under local or general anaesthetic assessment. The sensitivity of radiographs in the detection of fish bones was found to be 51.6 per cent.ConclusionLateral neck radiographs have limited value in the management of suspected fish bone impaction, and should only be used following detailed clinical examination of the upper aerodigestive tract.
Genotyping of viable Toxoplasma gondii from the first national survey of feral swine revealed evidence for sylvatic transmission cycle, and presence of highly virulent parasite genotypes
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Cerqueira-Cézar C. K. , Murata F. H. A. , Verma S. K. , Kwok O. C. H. , Pedersen K. , Rosenthal B. M. , Su C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFeral swine are known reservoirs of various pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii. Here, we report the first national survey of viable T. gondii in feral swine in the USA. We paired serological surveys with parasite isolation and bioassay to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of these parasites. From 2012–2017, sera and tissues from 1517 feral swine across the USA were collected for the isolation of viable T. gondii. Serum samples were initially screened for antibodies to T. gondii, and then the tissues of seropositive feral swine were bioassayed in mice. Antibodies were detected in 27.7% of feral swine tested by the modified agglutination test (1:25 or higher). Antibody positive rates increased significantly with age, with 10.1% of juveniles, 16.0% of sub-adults and 38.4% of adults testing seropositive. Myocardium (50 g) from 232 seropositive feral swine was digested in pepsin and bioassayed in mice. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 78 feral swine from 21 states. Twelve of the 78 isolates were pathogenic to outbred Swiss Webster mice and 76 of the 78 isolates could be propagated further in cell culture and were genotyped. For genotyping, deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from cell culture-derived tachyzoites was characterized by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism using the genetic markers SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico. Genotyping revealed 15 ToxoDB genotypes, including 43 isolates for genotype #5 (haplogroup 12), 11 isolates for #24, four isolates for #2 (haplogroup 3), two isolates for each of genotypes #3 (haplogroup 2), #4 (haplogroup 12), #216, #221, #289 and #297 and one isolate for each of genotypes #1 (haplogroup 2), #39, #66, #260, #261 and #299. Genotype #5 was the most frequently isolated, accounted for 57% (43/76) of the isolates, followed by #24, accounted for 14% (11/76). Genotypes #260, #289, #297 and #299 are new types. Genotype #289 was highly virulent to mice and originated from feral swine collected in Louisiana on the same day at the same location. Genotype #216 was previously demonstrated to be highly virulent to mice. Our results indicate moderate genetic diversity of T. gondii in feral swine in the USA, with the genotype #5 (haplogroup 12) dominant in the continental USA, whereas genotype #24 (10/14) was dominant in Hawaii, suggesting different population structures of the parasites among the two distinct geographical locations.
Psychiatric management of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a cohort analysis
Authors: Warren Nicola , O'Gorman Cullen , McKeon Gemma , Swayne Andrew , Blum Stefan , Siskind Dan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an immune-mediated disorder which requires multi-disciplinary treatment including immunomodulation therapy. First presentation is most commonly to psychiatric services and continuing psychiatric care is required to treat disabling symptoms, such as behaviour disturbance, psychosis and catatonia. There is minimal available evidence to guide symptomatic treatment and concern for increased sensitivity to antipsychotics complicates traditional approaches.MethodsAll cases of cerebrospinal fluid positive anti-NMDAR encephalitis tested in Queensland, Australia were identified. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected and reviewed by two independent clinicians. Pre-specified variables reflecting possible treatment side effects were compared.ResultsThe majority of the 30 cases (83%) had early psychiatric symptoms and were treated with antipsychotics (67%), average daily olanzapine equivalence dose of 11.5 mg, prior to immunomodulation therapy. Although there was an 88% reduction in cases with aggression, there was little improvement in psychosis, affective symptoms or catatonia with antipsychotics alone. In the cases with psychiatric symptoms, there was no significant difference in the rate of occurrence of neurological and autonomic symptoms between cases prescribed and not prescribed antipsychotics.ConclusionsPsychiatric input is imperative for both acute and longer-term management of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Primary symptomatic treatment should remain immunotherapy and surgery. Antipsychotic medications have particular value in managing agitation and aggression. Potential side effects from antipsychotic treatment are difficult to differentiate from progression of anti-NMDAR encephalitis but there was no evidence in this cohort of increased antipsychotic sensitivity. Treatment with psychotropic medication should be individualised and adjusted during the course of the illness.
Notes on the speech of the Afro-Baloch of the southern coast of Iran
Authors: KORN AGNES , NOURZAEI MARYAM 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present article is to describe the morphosyntactic properties of Iranian Coastal Balochi as spoken by the Afro-Balochi community. The Afro-Baloch have completely switched to Balochi and there are no traces of African languages in their speech. In comparison with other Balochi dialects of Iran on the one hand and Coastal Balochi dialects of Pakistan on the other, Coastal Balochi as spoken in Iran shows archaic characteristics, particularly in its case system, in the demonstrative pronouns and in the alignment features. This particularly applies to the speech of the Afro-Baloch, who due to persisting social segregation have limited access to education and media.