bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 improves gut fluidity and alkalinity in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator‐deficient and F508del mutant mice
Authors: Tan Qinghai , di Stefano Gabriella , Tan Xinjie , Renjie Xiu , Römermann Dorothee , Talbot Steven R. , Seidler Ursula E. 
Published: November 2020

Background and PurposeConstipation and intestinal obstructive episodes are major health problems in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Three FDA‐approved drugs against constipation‐prone irritable bowel syndrome were tested for their ability to increase luminal fluidity and alkalinity in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) null (cftr−/−) and F508del mutant (F508delmut/mut) murine intestine.Experimental ApproachGuanylate cyclase C agonist linaclotide, PGE1 analogue lubiprostone and intestine‐specific NHE3 inhibitor tenapanor were perfused through a ~3 cm jejunal, proximal or mid‐distal colonic segment in anaesthetized cftr−/−, F508delmut/mut and WT mice. Net fluid balance was determined gravimetrically and alkaline output by pH‐stat back titration.Key ResultsBasal jejunal fluid absorptive rates were significantly higher and basal HCO3− output was significantly lower in cftr−/− and F508delmut/mut compared to WT mice. In cftr−/− and F508delmut/mut mice, all three drugs significantly inhibited the fluid absorptive rate and increased alkaline output in the jejunum and tenapanor and lubiprostone, but not linaclotide, in the colon. After tenapanor pre‐incubation, linaclotide elicited a robust fluid secretory response in WT jejunum, while no further change in absorptive rates was observed in cftr−/− and F508delmut/mut jejunum, suggesting that the increase in gut fluidity and alkalinity by linaclotide in CF gut is mediated via NHE3 inhibition. Lubiprostone also inhibited fluid absorption in cftr−/− and F508delmut/mut jejunum via NHE3 inhibition but had a residual NHE3‐independent effect.Conclusion and ImplicationsLinaclotide, lubiprostone and tenapanor reduced fluid absorption and increased alkaline output in the CF gut. Their application may ameliorate constipation and reduce obstructive episodes in CF patients.
Genetic spectrum of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease associated with myelin protein zero gene variants in Japan
Authors: Taniguchi Takaki , Ando Masahiro , Okamoto Yuji , Yoshimura Akiko , Higuchi Yujiro , Hashiguchi Akihiro , Shiga Kensuke , Hayashida Arisa , Hatano Taku , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Mitsui Jun , Hattori Nobutaka , Mizuno Toshiki , Nakagawa Masanori , Tsuji Shoji , Takashima Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe aimed to reveal the genetic features associated with MPZ variants in Japan. From April 2007 to August 2017, 64 patients with 23 reported MPZ variants and 21 patients with 17 novel MPZ variants were investigated retrospectively. Variation in MPZ variants and the pathogenicity of novel variants was examined according to the American College of Medical Genetics standards and guidelines. Age of onset, cranial nerve involvement, serum creatine kinase (CK), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein were also analyzed. We identified 64 CMT patients with reported MPZ variants. The common variants observed in Japan were different from those observed in other countries. We identified 11 novel pathogenic variants from 13 patients. Six novel MPZ variants in eight patients were classified as likely benign or uncertain significance. Cranial nerve involvement was confirmed in 20 patients. Of 30 patients in whom serum CK levels were evaluated, eight had elevated levels. Most of the patients had age of onset >20 years. In another subset of 30 patients, 18 had elevated CSF protein levels; four of these patients had spinal diseases and two had enlarged nerve root or cauda equina. Our results suggest genetic diversity across patients with MPZ variants.
Multivariate analysis of the influence of prosthodontic factors on peri‐implant bleeding index and marginal bone level in a molar site: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Inoue Masaki , Nakano Tamaki , Shimomoto Takuya , Kabata Daijiro , Shintani Ayumi , Yatani Hirofumi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐implant tissue condition can result from prosthodontic, surgical and bacteriological factors.PurposeThis study investigated the effects of prosthodontic factors on peri‐implant tissue.Materials and MethodsSubjects were 140 patients with 310 implants from Osaka University Dental Hospital. Prosthodontic factors examined were the connection type, the suprastructure retention type, the material of the abutment and the mesiodistal and buccolingual prosthetic form of the superstructure as emergence angle. The objective variables were the modified bleeding index (mBI) and marginal bone level (MBL). Statistical analysis was used as a generalized estimation equation.ResultsThe taper joint had a significantly smaller MBL than the butt joint (P < .001). There was no significant difference in mBI and MBL between cement and screw retaining. Zirconium and titanium resulted in a significantly smaller mBI than gold alloy (zirconium/gold alloy: P = .037, titanium / gold alloy: P = .021), but there was no significant difference in the MBL. Both mBI and MBL tended to be smaller when the emergence angle was around 20° to 40°, although this difference was not significant.ConclusionAs a result of multivariate analysis, our findings suggest that to reduce MBL from the perspective of prosthodontic factors it is preferable to use an implant with a taper joint connection positioned with an emergence angle of 20° to 40°.
Time trends in diabetes medication prescription and factors associated with metformin discontinuation in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A national population‐based study
Authors: Aguadé Anne‐Sophie , Gastaldi‐Ménager Chrystelle , Fontaine Pierre , Karsenty Diane , Fagot‐Campagna Anne , Amadou Coralie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe, based on the French National Health Insurance (NHI) data, time trends in diabetes medications after treatment initiation in two consecutive cohorts of people newly treated for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 2008 (1st cohort) and 2013 (2nd cohort).Materials and methodsPeople, aged 45 years and older, newly treated for T2D in 2008 and 2013 were identified in the French NHI Data System. Treatment changes were collected for each year of follow‐up. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with metformin discontinuation.ResultsRespectively, 157 940 and 160 670 beneficiaries (mean age: 63 and 64 years; men proportion: 53 and 52%) of the French NHI general scheme initiated a diabetes treatment in 2008 and 2013. Metformin was the first monotherapy and increased in use: 67% of monotherapies in 2008 versus 77% in 2013. Monotherapy percentage decreased from the second year onwards in both cohorts. A marked increase in metformin‐DPP4i combination therapy was observed (14% of dual therapies in 2008 vs. 46% in 2015 in the first cohort), replacing the metformin–sulfonylureas combination as a second‐line treatment. Metformin discontinuation was statistically associated with female gender, social deprivation, age and anti‐diabetic polypharmacy. Discontinuation of diabetes treatment was observed after 5 years for, respectively, 10% and 13% in the first and second cohorts.ConclusionDescriptive analysis of two consecutive national cohorts showed an evolution in the prescription patterns of anti‐diabetic treatments over a short period. With early treatment intensification, increasing rate of metformin monotherapy, and changes in dual‐therapy strategy.
Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) and Diabetes UK joint position statement and recommendations on the use of sodium–glucose cotransporter inhibitors with insulin for treatment of type 1 diabetes (Updated October 2020)
Authors: Dashora Umesh , Patel Dipesh C. , Gregory Robert , Winocour Peter , Dhatariya Ketan , Rowles Susannah , Macklin Andrew , Rayman Gerry , Nagi Dinesh ,   the ABCD executive committee, supported by Diabetes UK
Published: November 2020

AbstractDapagliflozin (SGLT‐2 inhibitor) and sotagliflozin (SGLT1/2 inhibitor) are two of the drugs of SGLT inhibitor class which have been recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in people with type 1 diabetes with BMI ≥27 kg/m2. Dapagliflozin is licensed in the UK for use in the NHS while sotagliflozin may be available in future. These and possibly other SGLT inhibitors may be increasingly used in people with type 1 diabetes as new licences are obtained. These drugs have the potential to improve glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes with the added benefit of weight loss, better control of blood pressure and more time in optimal glucose range. However, SGLT inhibitors are associated with a higher incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis without significant hyperglycaemia. The present ABCD/Diabetes UK joint updated position statement is to guide people with type 1 diabetes and clinicians using these drugs help mitigate this risk and other potential complications. Particularly, caution needs to be exercised in people who are at risk of diabetic ketoacidosis due to low calorie diets, illnesses, injuries, starvation, excessive exercise, excessive alcohol consumption and reduced insulin administration among other precipitating factors for diabetic ketoacidosis.
Comparative analysis of preclinical dental students' working postures using dental loupes and dental operating microscope
Authors: Bud Marius , Pricope Razvan , Pop Razvan C. , Onaca Razvan , Swerts Pieter‐Jan , Lucaciu Ondine , Delean Ada 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDentists are susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders due to prolonged static postures during dental treatments. Using a magnification tool like dental operating microscope (DOM) or the dental loupes may correct the operator's posture. Up until now, few studies have focused on preclinical dental students' posture when working with the DOM, while most of them have focused on the loupes. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyse the working posture of preclinical students during a dental restoration procedure, working with two different magnification methods.Materials and methodsThis study used a randomised cross‐over design in which seventeen third year students were randomly divided into three groups. The exclusion criteria were previous contact with magnification systems and previous clinical working experience. Each student prepared 3 Black class 1 cavities on artificial lower molars: first with no magnification, following dental loupes and DOM. They were video‐recorded throughout the preparation. Trunk, neck and upper‐arm position were evaluated using the Posture Assessment Instrument. Students completed a questionnaire on their subjective perception of the two magnification systems.ResultsThe statistical analysis showed significant improvement of the working posture using magnification systems compared to direct vision. The biggest improvement was obtained through the use of DOM, followed by the dental loupes. Students perceived dental loupes as being the most comfortable and easy to adapt to. They reported being more focused when using DOM.ConclusionsBoth magnification systems had a positive impact on the working posture, DOM having the best results. Loupes showed better adaptability while DOM showed better concentration.
Patient‐Centred Care in Dentistry: Definitions and Models ‐ Commentary
Authors: Alrawiai Sumaiah , Asimakopoulou Koula , Scambler Sasha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPatient‐centred care is an important approach that is currently being adopted, to varying degrees of success, in a number of healthcare settings, particularly in family medicine and nursing. However, patient‐centred care is relatively understudied in dentistry. This commentary aims to provide a general overview of patient‐centred care studies conducted in dentistry, of how the approach is defined in this setting, and of the different models that have aimed to operationalize the concept. This concept is particularly relevant to dental education as current guidelines for dentists encourage and require them to adopt different dimensions of this approach. In addition to policies and guidelines, there is evidence that suggests that the adoption of patient‐centred care would result in positive outcomes.
Sediment availability provokes a shift from Brownian to Lévy‐like clonal expansion in a dune building grass
Authors: Reijers Valérie C. , Hoeks Selwyn , van Belzen Jim , Siteur Koen , de Rond Anne J. A. , van de Ven Clea N. , Lammers Carlijn , van de Koppel Johan , van der Heide Tjisse 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn biogeomorphic landscapes, plant traits can steer landscape development through plant‐mediated feedback interactions. Interspecific differences in clonal expansion strategy can therefore lead to the emergence of different landscape organisations. Yet, whether landscape‐forming plants adopt different clonal expansion strategies depending on their physical environment remains to be tested. Here, we use a field survey and a complementary mesocosm approach to investigate whether sediment deposition affects the clonal expansion strategy employed by dune‐building marram grass individuals. Our results reveal a consistent shift in expansion pattern from more clumped, Brownian‐like, movement in sediment‐poor conditions, to patchier, Lévy‐like, movement under high sediment supply rates. Additional model simulations illustrate that the sediment‐dependent shift in movement strategies induces a shift in optimisation of the cost–benefit relation between landscape engineering (i.e. dune formation) and expansion. Plasticity in expansion strategy may therefore allow landscape‐forming plants to optimise their engineering ability depending on their physical landscape.
Intracellular escape strategies of Staphylococcus aureus in persistent cutaneous infections
Authors: Huitema Leonie , Phillips Taylor , Alexeev Vitali , Tomic‐Canic Marjana , Pastar Irena , Igoucheva Olga 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPathogenic invasion of Staphylococcus aureus is a major concern in patients with chronic skin diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD), epidermolysis bullosa (EB), or chronic diabetic foot and venous leg ulcers, and can result in persistent and life‐threatening chronic non‐healing wounds. Staphylococcus aureus is generally recognized as extracellular pathogens. However, S. aureus can also invade, hide and persist in skin cells to contribute to wound chronicity. The intracellular life cycle of S. aureus is currently incompletely understood, although published studies indicate that its intracellular escape strategies play an important role in persistent cutaneous infections. This review provides current scientific knowledge about the intracellular life cycle of S. aureus in skin cells, which can be classified into professional and non‐professional antigen‐presenting cells, and its strategies to escape adaptive defense mechanisms. First, we discuss phenotypic switch of S. aureus, which affects intracellular routing and degradation. This review also evaluates potential intracellular escape mechanism of S. aureus to avoid intracellular degradation and antigen presentation, preventing an immune response. Furthermore, we discuss potential drug targets that can interfere with the intracellular life cycle of S. aureus. Taken together, this review aimed to increase scientific understanding about the intracellular life cycle of S. aureus into skin cells and its strategies to evade the host immune response, information that is crucial to reduce pathogenic invasion and life‐threatening persistence of S. aureus in chronic cutaneous infections.
A patient and public involvement workshop using visual art and priority setting to provide patients with a voice to describe quality and safety concerns: Vitamin B12 deficiency and pernicious anaemia
Authors: Tyler Natasha , Giles Sally , Daker‐White Gavin , McManus Beth Clare , Panagioti Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is recognized as important for improved quality in health service provision and research. Vitamin B12 deficiency is one area where PPIE has potential to benefit patients, as patients often report sub‐optimal care due to diagnostic delay, insufficient treatment and poor relationships with health professionals.ObjectiveIn an effort to engage an understudied patient population in health‐care quality and safety discussions, and provide patients with an opportunity to have a voice, contribute to research priorities and express their current quality and safety concerns, we hosted a PPIE workshop.MethodsOne researcher (with lived experience) facilitated a one day workshop with 12 patients with varied demographics. The workshop had four components (a) one‐to‐one sessions with an artist, (b) quality and safety research/education priority setting, (c) comments on research proposals, and (d) development of a PPIE group for future research.ResultsAll elements of the workshop elicited a number of quality and safety priorities for the group. Priority setting highlighted issues with interpretation of test results, symptom‐based treatment, self‐medication and relationship with primary care health‐care professionals. One of the major safety issues highlighted in the visual art element was feeling ignored, silenced or not listened too by health‐care professionals.DiscussionVisual art methods to express experiences of health, and research priority setting tasks achieved the aim of providing patients with an opportunity to have a voice and express concerns about health‐care quality and safety issues. The addition of visual art allowed patients to articulate emotions and impacts on everyday life associated with quality and safety.Patient or public contributionA public contributor was involved in preparation of this manuscript. The event aimed to enable PPIE contribution in future research.
Acute coronary artery occlusion and ischemia‐related ventricular tachycardia during catheter ablation in the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Nakatani Yosuke , Vlachos Konstantinos , Ramirez F. Daniel , Nakashima Takashi , Jais Pierre , Sacher Frédéric , Romain Tixier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoronary artery injury is a rare complication of catheter ablation in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Furthermore, acute myocardial ischemia usually causes polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation. We herein describe a case in which catheter ablation for VT originating from the RVOT provoked ischemia‐related VTs due to acute occlusion of the left anterior descending artery.
Is periodontal disease a risk indicator for colorectal cancer? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Weiqi , Xu Jiaying , Zhang Ruya , Li Yuting , Wang Jiadai , Zhang Xuan , Lin Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsExisting epidemiological studies have suggested that periodontal disease (PD) may be a risk indicator for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, no formal systematic review and meta‐analysis have been performed. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between PD and CRC risk in this study.Materials and MethodsWe used the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science to search for related articles published from 1 January 1966 to 16 July 2020. Stata (Version 15) software was used to calculate the total risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the included studies through the random‐effects model to assess the association between PD and CRC risk.ResultsNine studies were included in the narrative synthesis, and seven studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Results showed that PD significantly increased the risk of CRC by 44% (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.18–1.76; I2, 55.2%).ConclusionWe found an association between PD and CRC. PD can be a potential risk indicator for the occurrence and development of CRC, and further studies are needed to assess causality. Hence, effective periodontal treatment could be a valuable preventive measure for CRC.
Pyogenic psoas abscess on the dorsal side, and bacterial meningitis and spinal epidural abscess on the ventral side, both of which were induced by spontaneous discitis in a patient with diabetes mellitus: A case report
Authors: Horiya Megumi , Anno Takatoshi , Kawada Mayuko , Yamada Haruki , Takahashi Kaiou , Takenouchi Haruka , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Kawasaki Fumiko , Kurokawa Katsumi , Kaneto Hideaki , Kaku Kohei , Tomoda Koichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus patients are immunocompromised, particularly under poorly controlled conditions, and thereby they could develop rare inflammatory diseases, such as spontaneous discitis, pyogenic psoas abscess, spinal epidural abscess and bacterial meningitis. Herein we report a pyogenic psoas abscess on the dorsal side, and bacterial meningitis and spinal epidural abscess on the ventral side, both of which were induced by spontaneous discitis in a patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. This case was very rare and interesting, because we successfully treated various infections with antibiotics over a long period of time, complicated by hyperglycemic crises, although the patient suffered severe bone destruction and required rehabilitation for a long time.
“At Home, with Care”: Lessons from New York City Home‐based Primary Care Practices Managing COVID‐19
Authors: Franzosa Emily , Gorbenko Ksenia , Brody Abraham A. , Leff Bruce , Ritchie Christine S. , Kinosian Bruce , Ornstein Katherine A. , Federman Alex D. 
Published: November 2020

Background/ObjectivesCOVID‐19 required rapid innovation throughout the healthcare system. Home‐based primary care (HBPC) practices faced unique challenges maintaining services for medically complex older populations for whom they needed to adapt a traditionally hands‐on, model of care to accommodate restrictions on in‐person contact. Our aim was to determine strategies used by New York City (NYC)‐area HBPC practices to provide patient care during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic with the goal of informing planning and preparation for home‐based practices nationwide.DesignCross‐sectional qualitative design using semi‐structured interviews.SettingHBPC practices in the NYC metro area during spring 2020.ParticipantsHBPC leadership including clinical/medical directors, program managers, nurse practitioners/nursing coordinators, and social workers/social work coordinators (n = 13) at 6 NYC‐area practices.MeasurementsSemi‐structured interviews explored HBPC practices' COVID‐19 care delivery challenges, adaptations, and advice for providers. Interviewers probed patient care, end‐of‐life care, telehealth, community‐based services and staffing. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed through a combined inductive and deductive thematic approach.ResultsParticipants described care delivery and operational adaptations similar to those universally adopted across healthcare settings during COVID‐19, such as patient outreach and telehealth. HBPC‐specific adaptations included mental health services for patients experiencing depression and isolation, using multiple modalities of patient interactions to balance virtual care with necessary in‐person contact, strategies to maintain patient trust, and supporting team connection of staff through daily huddles and emotional support during the surge of deaths among long‐standing patients.ConclusionNYC‐area HBPC providers adapted care delivery and operations rapidly during the height of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Keeping older, medically complex patients safe in their homes required considerable flexibility, transparency, teamwork, and partnerships with outside providers. As the pandemic continues to surge around the United States, HBPC providers may apply these lessons and consider resources needed to prepare for future challenges.