bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the potential of geopolymer artificial aggregate as substitute for granite and limestone aggregate
Authors: Manaf M B H Ab , Abdul Razak R , Muhamad K , Abdul Rahim M , Ahmad M M , Hao T P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this research is to determine the potential of geopolymer artificial aggregate as substitute for granite and limestone aggregates. Several aggregate property test such as aggregate impact test, aggregate crushing test, specific gravity test, water absorption test and the Los Angeles Abrasion test are done on the aggregates. The fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate is produced through geopolymerisation by mixing fly ash with alkaline solution. The results show that the fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate is lighter than natural aggregate in term of its specific gravity. The impact value and crushing value for fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate are slightly higher compared to natural aggregate while the water absorption value is much higher compared to natural aggregate. Furthermore, the fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate has higher value in the Los Angeles Abrasion. Overall, the fly ash-based geopolymer artificial aggregate can be considered as one of the construction materials in the roadwork pavement and in concrete as an alternative for coarse aggregate besides natural aggregate with more lightweight properties.
Evaluation of the use of tiles waste in stabilization of subgrade layer with rice husk ash as an activator agent
Authors: Azizan Fairus Azwan , Marhami Nur Sabreena , Rahman Zanariah Abd , Arshad Ahmad Kamil , Azhar Ismail Mohd Khairul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Good design of highway gives a crucial contribution to economic growth and social benefit by providing access to employment, health and education services. In the process of designing the highway, the importance of having natural soil as subgrade layer is crucial to ensure the quality of road itself. One of the primary and major processes in the construction of highway is subgrade soil stabilization. Waste generation is increasing year by year due to the large amount of waste produced in Malaysia. That included tile waste (TW) and rice husk ash (RHA). The disposal of TW and RHA is currently a major problem in Malaysia in which it can be effectively used for soil stabilization. One of the attempt in this study is to make use of TW as an additive and RHA as an activator to stabilize clayey soil whereby this type of soil will have low bearing capacity which it is generally swell when in contact with moisture and shrink when the moisture squeezes out. Other than stabilization, many studies was conducted with the aim of reducing the cost for soil stabilization by means of using TW and RHA as the world is now facing a serious problem on handling disposal materials. The main aim of this study is to determine the optimum percentage of TW content with 10% of RHA as an activator agent in stabilization of problematic soil with low bearing capacity in the area of Batu Kawan, Pulau Pinang. It was found that soil was stabilized with five proportions of TW (15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35%) and constant RHA of 10% was used as an activator agent. The specimens were then cured for 0, 7 and 14 days before being subjected to the unconfined compression test (UCT). It was found that the optimum percentage of TW is at 30% added with RHA of 10% in soil. The highest value of UCT test for the particular sample was found to be 250.6 kN/m2. Therefore, the test results showed that the TW-RHA admixture could effectively improve the strength of problematic soil.
Behaviour of shear strength envelope mixing with usable cooking oil using consolidated drained triaxial test
Authors: Abdul Rahman A S , Sidek N , Hamzah N , Ahmad J , Mohd Fazlan M I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Awareness of peoples towards environmental impact assessment to sustainable development have been progressively increase from time to time. For that reason, this research is focusing on the effect of the usable daily cooking oils to the shear strength of soil which easily thrown into the soil in the backyard of the houses. Due to that, the mixing of oil with water in the soil may lead to reduction in shear strength and thus will lead to failure in a foundation of structures. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of shear strength of soil when mixing with usable cooking oil with 5% and 10% and compared it with the soil without mixing with usable cooking oil using single stage triaxial consolidated drained test. Finding reveal that there is significant reduction in shear strength for control specimens with the mixing of 5% and 10% of usable cooking oil. For control specimens, the shear strength was at 26° of effective friction angles whereas for specimens mixing with 5% and 10% was at 22° and 20° respectively. The shear strength was deduced for about 6° for specimens in natural and mix with 10% of usable cooking oil. In the end, results show that reduction in shear strength will continuously decreased with the increase of the quantities of usable cooking oil and thus will reflect towards the failure of a foundation.
3D Numerical modelling on the thermal performance of reinforced concrete encased wide-flanged steel column
Authors: Latiff K A A , Rizalman A N , Harith N S H , Razak S M S A , Mohamad M E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the development and verification of a three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling to predict the thermal performance of reinforced concrete encased wide-flanged steel (RCEWFS) column. The numerical model was developed using finite element software, ABAQUS. Then, the verified model was used to determine the suitable value for heat transfer conductance, time step and mesh size that provide the most reliable prediction against the experimental results. The parametric studies were also conducted to study the effect of rising time of fire exposure, section size, and flange width of I-section on the thermal performance of the RCEWFS column. From this study, it can be concluded that the predictions by the 3D numerical model are reliable and accurate. The study on the contour of the model shows that the thermal behaviour of concrete is non-linear
The effects of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) addition to the characteristics of asphalt mixture
Authors: Lubis A S , Muis Z A , Siregar N A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Improving the quality of asphalt by adding additives like polymers, one of which is Polyethylene mixed in the AC-WC asphalt mixture. This research aims to determine the effect of adding Polyethylene on the characteristics of AC-WC asphalt mixture and bitumen properties. Polyethylene used is the Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) type, especially thin plastic bags with 0%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 15% and 20% contents of the asphalt weight. The Marshall Test is conducted to determine the value of stability and flow, and the Wheel Tracking Machine (WTM) Test is conducted to determine the value of dynamic stability and the rate of deformation of the asphalt mixture. The results show that the addition of LDPE can improve the performance of the asphalt mixture. The addition of 6% LDPE shows the optimum quality seen from the Marshall Test parameters. In the WTM Test, it found that the addition of 6% LDPE was increasing the value of dynamic stability and decreasing the rate of deformation. It shows that the addition of 6% LDPE can improve the performance of the asphalt mixture in receiving repeated loads due to tire repetition, as well as increasing crack resistance.
Experimental study on radial interacting corrosion for X42 pipelines
Authors: Idris N N , Mustaffa Z , Fauzi A S A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The integrity of pipeline is compromised when corrosion develops. The corrosion referred to radial interacting corrosion which is happening internally and externally of pipeline wall at the same time. This paper investigates the effect of corrosion in the radial direction towards the failure burst pressure. Four types of corrosion defect arrangement were developed from literatures and tested experimentally to compare the failure burst pressure of the pipes with radial interacting corrosion and external corrosion. The external corrosion failure burst pressure was calculated theoretically by using Modified ASME B31G standard. The results of the failure burst pressure have shown that pipes having radial interacting corrosion fails at a lower burst pressure compared to the pipes having only external corrosion defect.
Properties of pulverized kaolin particles via ball-to-powder weight ratios milling process: XRF and Zetasizer particle size analysis
Authors: Shakrani S A , Ayob A , Rahim M A , Alias S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Kaolin particles were pulverized in order to reduce the size by using high-energy ball milling under various ball-to-powder weight ratios. The elemental composition and particle size analysis of milled kaolin particles were carried out using X-ray fluorescence and Zetasizer particle size analyzer. The increased in ball-to-powder weight ratios have raised the amounts of oxide minerals such as K2O, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, SO3 and LOI in the kaolin particles while reducing the concentration of SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, and MnO as compared to the control sample. Kaolin particles reached an average of 944nm in size after milling for 4hr under ball-to-powder weight ratio of 4, which is much smaller than unpulverized kaolin particles at the average mean size of 9.985µm. The energy dissipation has produced a very strong energy impacts and fractures in order to produce the number of collisions between balls and container wall in the high-energy ball milling process to allow the reduction of particles size of kaolin. This enables kaolin particles to be reduced in size and produced in the practically simple, effective, and low-cost process using high-energy ball milling. However, the continuous milling has caused the particles to agglomerate as a way to release the excessive specific surface energy and micro strains produced by high-energy ball milling.
Impact of instructional materials on students’ academic performance in Physics, in Sokoto-Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad Bello 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The importance of understanding the factors that drives academic performance in education and policy making can never be over emphasized. This research studied how instructional materials improve the academic performance of physics in some selected secondary schools in Sokoto state, Nigeria. Senior Secondary students (SS1, SS2 & SS3) from three schools were used for the study; the schools were having a total of 2850 students. Students and teachers were involved in the study. The study used descriptive survey method and percentages were used in analyzing the research questions raised by the study. Further analysis and interpretation of the data revealed that there is inadequate instructional materials and also few physics teachers in Sokoto uses instructional materials in teaching which has impact on the level of performance of the students. Recommendations were suggested to the Policy makers to provide basic instructional materials and monitor the use and maintenance of the materials in various schools.
Numerical study on drag and lift coefficients of a marine riser at high Reynolds number using COMSOL multiphysics
Authors: Faizal Ahmad M , Mohd Haniffah Mohd Ridza , Kueh Ahmad , Kasiman Erwan Hafizi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Flow around a marine riser in water at the drag crisis regime was investigated using numerical modelling. In this regime, the drag coefficient drops off at a certain Reynolds number due to a change from laminar to turbulent flow. The aim is to investigate the capability of turbulence model to predict drag coefficient through COMSOL Multiphysics, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) transient solver and compared against existing numerical models and experiment by Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN). Numerically, drag and lift forces depend on the point of separation from the cylinder in which different turbulence modelling will result in varying separation point and will lead to different vortex formation and the drag force. Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) was employed using the k-ε and Menter’s Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model in two-dimensional CFD simulation. Six Reynolds numbers, similar to the test case, were considered. It can be concluded that the standard k-ε turbulence model, can only provide a good approximation at high turbulence regime, which is Reynolds number of 3.15 × 105 and higher. While, SST turbulence model can provide a good approximation at subcritical regime which before the sudden drop of drag force regimes.
Valorisation of organic fraction municipal solid waste via anaerobic co-digestion of Malaysia tropical fruit for biogas production
Authors: Ahmad Zamri M F M , Akhiar A , Mohd Roslan M E , Mohd Marzuki M H , Saad J Md , Shamsuddin A H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The acceleration of MSW generation is one of the world’s critical challenge that contributed to the serious environmental and socio-economic problems involving pollutions and shortage of waste disposal area. The population growth, economic growth and urbanization are the key contributors to the MSW generation. Precisely, organic waste is the world highest contributor of MSW compared to other inorganic waste. This massive amount of putrescible waste consumption has a great global warming potential through the unutilized methane gas released from the landfill. In this regard, the waste treatment method through energy recovery Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW) via Anaerobic Digestion (AD) has become the best way to utilize the high valuable energy (methane) resource potential and sustaining the environment. Moreover, AD process could be further enhanced through co-digestion process with various of substrates. Malaysia tropical fruit are among the potential of substrate for the anaerobic co-digestion that receiving extensive attention. This short article reviewed the potential of the selected Malaysia tropical fruit residues as substrates for anaerobic co-digestion with OFMSW.
Review of combined nano zero valent metal oxidation and ozone for degradation of wastewater
Authors: Fung XinRu , Affam Augustine Chioma , Chung Wong Chee 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research reviews nano zero valent metal oxidation coupled with ozone for degradation of wastewater effluent. The technology in wastewater treatment is gradually innovating. Car wash wastewater constitutes and promotes water and environmental pollution. In wastewater treatment, a variety of methods are available for treatment of wastewater. The chosen method should be cost effective and easy to operate. In the treatment of car wash wastewater, certain parameters are investigated such as pH, time, dosage of treating agent, presence of hydrogen peroxide, and competing cations. The characteristics of treated and untreated car wash wastewater are usually analysed, produced catalyst morphology and elements maybe observed and compared using the XRD, FTIR, SEM + EDx, and BET. A combined treatment of different phases is reported to remove total suspended solid (TSS), inorganic materials such as sodium chlorides (NACL), heavy metals such as lead, oil and grease, as well as phosphates and nitrates. This review will discuss on the treatment methods being practised in wastewater engineering field, chosen treatment methods after review with supports, and combination concerns on the chosen treatment methods along with consequences to the environment and human health.
Nano zero valent iron and ozonation for selected recalcitrant wastewater: Review
Authors: Peng B W L , Affam A C , Chung W C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research reviews application of nano zero valent oxidation and ozone for degradation of selected recalcitrant wastewater. Recalcitrant organics refers to non-biodegradable compounds which are of industrial waste source. It is highly pollutant to the environment due to its non-biodegradable properties which can be caused by various factors including lacking of necessary genetic information on the organisms, compound being too large to enter the cell, or non-existence of transport system across the membrane. Examples of recalcitrant wastewater includes palm oil mill effluent, pesticide wastewater, wastewater from paper production, aromatic organic compounds and polyaromatic hydrocarbon. These are the wastewater being reviewed to inform about the effectiveness of nano zero valent iron oxidation and/or ozonation. The chosen method aims to be an effective alternative from the traditional method, with simple and easy to handle mechanism. In the treatment of recalcitrant organics, several factors affect the process and are normally investigated. These includes the pH value, the contact time, dosage of treating agent as well as amount of competing cations. Recalcitrant wastewater treated with the suggested method are analyzed before and after the treatment. In addition, XRD, FTIR, SEM and BET maybe used to observe produced catalyst morphology and intrinsic elements prior and after treatment. This review provides scientific information from 2010 until 2019, concerning findings of effective and sustainable treatment of recalcitrant wastewater.
A brief review on low-cost turbidimeter designs
Authors: Kadaruddin Khairunnisa , Zainuddin Mohamad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Turbidity is an index of water clarity and considered an important aspect of environmental quality monitoring. Turbidity values are one of the crucial indicators of water quality health. In view of recent enthusiasm in affordable sensing, this review paper aims to shed light on the motivations behind the need for affordable turbidimeter especially in developing regions and rural areas. This paper highlights turbidimeter designs that apply low-cost alternatives such as the use of smartphones as sensors, open source hardware and software designs as well as using optical fibre in the instrumentation of turbidity measurement.
Development web and mobile application and open data platform for water quality management in Pak Phanang river basin
Authors: Thammarak Karanrat , Rattikansukha Chuthamat , Kaewrat Jenjira , Janta Rungruang , Sichum Surasak 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to develop web and mobile application and open data platform to facilitate the community researchers use for monitoring the water quality management in Thailand. The paper developed a mobile and web application to collect and represent WQI data. Besides that, this paper elaborated the open data platform for sharing the WQI data to the other public sectors with two formats are people-readable format and machine-readable format. The population of this research is the community researchers who live in the Pakpanang river basin, including in local authorities, volunteers, and academic researchers. This paper also pays attention to the third parties are living in the outside area, which uses the WQI data. The experiment found that the overall user satisfaction whos participate in this project is in a good rank. The top three ranks of the function usage are: the first rank is a monthly report of the WQI data function. The second rank is a sending the WQI data by the volunteer function, and a calculating the WQI data by the academic researcher function. Finally, The third rank is open data usage function. Also, the measurement station increased from twenty to twenty-two stations. The volunteers expanded from the local authorities, volunteers, and academic researchers to students and teachers. For the future, this paper tries to apply a minimisation method for optimising The WQI parameters and also classify the proper parameters for each measurement station.
Optimization of copper adsorption from synthetic wastewater by oil palm-based adsorbent using Central Composite Design
Authors: Wong H W , Ibrahim N , Hanif M A , Noor N Mohamed , Yusuf S Y , Hasan M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was chemically activated by phosphoric acid and heat treatment to produce porous activated carbon (AC) for adsorption of copper ions from synthetic wastewater using static batch test. Copper adsorption process was optimized using Response Surface Method (RSM) by varying four operating parameters i.e. pH (A), initial concentration (B), adsorbent dosage (C) and contact time (D) through a quadratic model developed based on Central Composite Design (CCD) approach. Within the tested parameter range, copper adsorption was found to be at optimum condition at pH 5, initial concentration of 200 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 0.55 g per 200 mL copper solution and contact time of 2.5 hours, yielding 52.5% of copper removal. A good agreement was achieved by comparing the predicted model with experimental data (R2=0.9618). All four operating parameters tested are significant in affecting the adsorption process, with pH being the most significant with an F-value of 171.70. The interaction between pH and initial concentration (AB) has the most significant interacting effects (F-value of 18.30), while quadratic effects of pH (A2) and adsorbent dosage (C2) are most significant with F-values of 62.80 and 42.58 respectively.
Removal of palm oil mill effluent by using electro-oxidation process
Authors: Abidin C Z , Sabri S N , Fahmi  , Bashir Mohammed J K , Ibrahim A H , Rahmat N R , Mohamed Hussein N F , Mahiran N Q 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Wastewater includes the Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) that gives adverse impacts to the environment especially for water pollution when it is not treated properly. POME are known to have various types of liquids, residual oil and suspended solid as it has very high strength waste in its untreated form. Although conventional biological processes are normally efficient for the degradation of pollutants occurring in wastewater, most of these compounds are not effectively removed. As a result, further treatment is needed to meet more stringent discharge standards of Department of Environment (DOE). This research focused on treatment of POME by using electro-oxidation process (EO). It was done to identify the performance of EO process for colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N), and turbidity removal as well as the relative effects of different operational parameters such as pH, type of electrodes and contact time. The pH was varied from 3 to 11, the electrodes were aluminium and iron and the contact time was from 0 to 120 min. The most suitable pH, contact time and type of electrode were pH 3, 120 min and Al electrode.