bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical and aromatic characterization of carob macerates produced by different maceration conditions
Authors: Hanousek Čiča Karla , Mrvčić Jasna , Srečec Siniša , Filipan Katarina , Blažić Marijana , Stanzer Damir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarob liqueur is an alcoholic drink (minimum 15% v/v of ethanol and 100 g/L of sugar) typical for the Mediterranean countries. In the current work, carob macerate produced by maceration of carob pods in hydroalcoholic base at different maceration conditions was characterized for the first time based on its aroma compounds/profile, physicochemical parameters, and chromatic characteristics. The results confirm the migration process of bioactive compounds, aroma compounds, and sugars flowing from the carob pod to the hydroalcoholic base. Changes in ethanol concentration modify the physical properties of the solvent and influence the phenolic and aroma compounds extraction, color, and acidity of the obtained samples. The higher content of phenolic compounds was determinate in the samples obtained in the darkness. The amounts of phenols were in the range of some red fruit liqueurs or walnut liqueurs, and sugars (mostly sucrose) ranging between 96 and 107 g/L. Twenty‐six (out of total 94) aroma compounds were detected in all samples, of which 17 esters, 3 alcohols, 4 ketones, and 2 acids. Low molecular weight ethyl esters, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 2‐methyl propanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butanoate, and ethyl cinnamate, were the most abundant. Carob pod maceration in 50% v/v hydroalcoholic base (1:5 solid to liquid ratio) in darkness at room temperature during 8 weeks can be recommended as optimal maceration conditions for production of the aromatic carob macerate with functional properties.
Appetite‐regulating hormones and anthropometric indicators of infants according to the type of feeding
Authors: Vásquez‐Garibay Edgar , Larrosa‐Haro Alfredo , Guzmán‐Mercado Elizabeth , Muñoz‐Esparza Nelly , García‐Arellano Samuel , Muñoz‐Valle Francisco , Romero‐ Velarde Enrique 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt has been accepted that satiety‐ and appetite‐stimulating hormones play a role in the regulation of food intake and body composition during and after the lactation stage. Therefore, the purpose was to demonstrate that serum appetite‐regulating hormones in infants differ according to anthropometric indicators and type of feeding. In a nonrandom cohort study, 169 mother–newborn dyads whose pregnancy and birth were attended at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara were enrolled. According to the type of feeding, infants were classified as full breastfeeding (FBF), partial breastfeeding (PBF), and infants receiving human milk substitutes (HMS). Serum concentrations of ghrelin (pg/ml), leptin (ng/ml), peptide YY (pg/ml), and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) (pM) were measured. Anthropometric measurements including weight, length, cephalic, arm circumference, tricipital, and subscapular skinfolds were obtained. Weight/age, weight/height, height/age, and BMI Z‐score indexes were estimated. We performed one‐way ANOVA, unpaired Student's t test, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation tests. The ANOVA comparison of the three feeding types showed significant differences in most anthropometric indicators (z‐scores), especially between infants receiving FBF versus HMS and particularly on indicators of adiposity; no differences were observed in length and cephalic circumference z‐scores at 8th and 16th weeks. Further, significant correlations were found between most of the adiposity indicators with ghrelin, leptin, and GLP‐1, especially in infants who received FBF. There were differences in anthropometric and body composition parameters among infants receiving FBF, PBF, and HMS. There were significant correlations between body composition indicators with ghrelin, leptin, and GLP‐1 mainly in infants receiving FBF.
Design and Modeling of a Fuel Cell System Using Biomass Feedstock as a Biofuel
Authors: Rafique A. , Jaffery M. H. , Ali A. , Naqvi M. R. , Shakir I. , Ehsan M. , Ahmad D. , Babar M. A. , Raza R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to model ceramic fuel cell system based on low‐temperature planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) different biogases fuels from multiple biomasses, that is, animal waste, redwood, rice husk and sugar cane. Biomass is a better choice for the generation of energy globally. Therefore, there is a focus on the most available biomass resources in the country that can be used as clean energy sources. This developed model is designed by thermodynamic analysis and electrochemical calculations using MATLAB. The designed model is a lumped parameter model based on the steady‐state one‐dimensional flow. In this model, all calculated power and flow rate values were kept as positive values. Also, the system is considered to be free of leaks, and heat loss is neglected. The operating temperature and pressure are assumed to be 500–700 °C and the partial pressure is set at three different pressures; P1 (1 bar), P2 (2 bar), and P3 (3 bar), respectively, and fuel utilization factor is 80%. It is observed that the best performance is obtained with animal‐waste based biogas at 700 °C and P3 (3 bar).
Nonreplication of functional connectivity differences in autism spectrum disorder across multiple sites and denoising strategies
Authors: He Ye , Byrge Lisa , Kennedy Daniel P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA rapidly growing number of studies on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have used resting‐state fMRI to identify alterations of functional connectivity, with the hope of identifying clinical biomarkers or underlying neural mechanisms. However, results have been largely inconsistent across studies, and there remains a pressing need to determine the primary factors influencing replicability. Here, we used resting‐state fMRI data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange to investigate two potential factors: denoising strategy and data site (which differ in terms of sample, data acquisition, etc.). We examined the similarity of both group‐averaged functional connectomes and group‐level differences (ASD vs. control) across 33 denoising pipelines and four independently‐acquired datasets. The group‐averaged connectomes were highly consistent across pipelines (r = 0.92 ± 0.06) and sites (r = 0.88 ± 0.02). However, the group differences, while still consistent within site across pipelines (r = 0.76 ± 0.12), were highly inconsistent across sites regardless of choice of denoising strategies (r = 0.07 ± 0.04), suggesting lack of replication may be strongly influenced by site and/or cohort differences. Across‐site similarity remained low even when considering the data at a large‐scale network level or when considering only the most significant edges. We further show through an extensive literature survey that the parameters chosen in the current study (i.e., sample size, age range, preprocessing methods) are quite representative of the published literature. These results highlight the importance of examining replicability in future studies of ASD, and, more generally, call for extra caution when interpreting alterations in functional connectivity across groups of individuals.
Climate and hydrological changes in the Ob River Basin during 1936–2017
Authors: Xu Min , Kang Shichang , Wang Xiaoming , Wu Hao , Hu Didi , Yang Daqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChanges in the hydrological regimes of Arctic rivers could affect the thermohaline circulation of the Arctic Ocean. In this study, we analysed spatiotemporal variations in temperature and precipitation in the Ob River Basin regions during 1936–2017 based on data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center. Changes in discharge and response to climate change were examined based on monthly observed data during the same period. It is indicated the Ob River Basin experienced significant overall rapid warming and wetting (increased precipitation) in the study period, with average rates of 0.20°C (10 year−1) and 5.3 mm (10 year−1), respectively. The annual spatial variations of temperature and precipitation showed different scales in different regions. The discharge in spring and winter significantly increased at a rate of 384.1 and 173.1 m3/s (10 year−1), respectively. Hydrograph separation indicated infiltration and supported that deep flow paths increased the contribution of groundwater to base flow. Meanwhile, the variation of the ratio of Qmax/Qmin suggested that the basin storage and the mechanism of discharge generation have significantly changed. The hydrological processes were influenced by changes of permafrost in a certain in the Ob River Basin. An increase in the recession coefficient (RC) implies that the permafrost degradation in the basin due to climate warming affected hydrological processes in winter. Permafrost degradation affected the Qmax/Qmin more significantly in the warm season than RC due to the enhanced infiltration that converted more surface water into groundwater in the cold season. The impact of precipitation on discharge, including surface flow and base flow, was more significant than temperature at the annual and seasonal scales in the Ob River Basin. The base flow was more obviously influenced by temperature than surface flow. The results of this study are significant for analyses of the basin water budget and freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Iron(II) Complexes with a New Tripodal Imine Ligand
Authors: Will Janine , Schneider Lars , Becker Jonathan , Becker Sabine , Miska Andreas , Gawlig Christopher , Schindler Siegfried 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new tripodal imine ligand tris(2‐(propan‐2‐ylideneamino)ethyl)amine (imine3tren) was prepared in order to stabilize high valent iron‐oxido complexes. Iron complexes were synthesized in template reactions from iron(II) salts, tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (tren) and acetone. Due to the reversibility of the imine formation, complexes with different ligands were obtained depending on the reaction conditions. Three complexes, [Fe(imine3tren)(OAc)2] (1), [Fe(imine3tren)(OAc)]OTf (2) and [(imine3tren)2Fe2(F)2](SbF6)2 (3), could be synthesized and structurally characterized. However, reactions with hydrogen peroxide, iodosobenzene or ozone did not lead to any kind of “oxygen adduct” complex that could be spectroscopically observed.
ICT4D 3.0? Part 2—The patterns of an emerging “digital‐for‐development” paradigm
Authors: Heeks Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is evidence of “ICT4D 3.0”: a new “digital‐for‐development” paradigm emerging in the relationship between digital technologies and international development. Part 1 of this paper looked at the component parts of that paradigm. Part 2, provided here, analyses the impact of the paradigm on development. It does this by looking for big‐picture patterns in terms of two key logics that shape society: the logic of competition and the logic of cooperation. Looking at evidence in the economic and political domains, it finds that digital technologies are associated with a reproduction, diffusion, mutation and intensification of the dominant, competitive logic in developing countries. We see this in relation to capitalism, competitive markets and hierarchical state‐citizen relations. At the same time, though, the digital‐for‐development paradigm is also associated with growing examples and opportunities for an alternative economics and an alternative politics based around cooperative logic. The paper ends with some suggestions for the future digital‐for‐development research agenda.
Recent advances in two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides as photoelectrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Nguyen Van‐Huy , Nguyen Thang P , Le Thu‐Ha , Vo Dai‐Viet N , Nguyen Dang LT , Trinh Quang Thang , Kim Il Tae , Le Quyet Van 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrogen gas has been attracting significant interest as an emerging energy source that is clean, sustainable, and renewable. Primarily, it can be produced via photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water using solar energy. Among the various catalysts employed for the photoreduction of water, two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D‐TMDs) are inarguably the best candidates toward industrialization because they have extraordinary physical, optical, and electric properties, and are solution‐processable at low costs. In this review, we focus on the development of 2D‐TMDs and their PEC properties toward the hydrogen evolution reaction. First, the synthesis and properties of 2D materials are summarized and discussed. Next, the strategies for improving the photocatalytic activity of the 2D material‐based catalysts for water splitting are thoroughly investigated. Finally, the remaining challenges and direction for the future development of 2D‐TMDs in PEC catalysis‐derived hydrogen evolution reaction are addressed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface modification of anti‐fouling novel cellulose/graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (NS) microfiltration membranes for seawater desalination applications
Authors: Ibrahim Yazan , Banat Fawzi , Yousef Ahmed F , Bahamon Daniel , Vega Lourdes F , Hasan Shadi W 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDReverse osmosis (RO) is becoming the predominant technology for the future of desalinated of seawater. Nonetheless, operational challenges such as membrane biofouling in RO desalination plants result in membrane deterioration and high energy costs. In this regard, pre‐treatment technologies, such as microfiltration (MF) membranes, are proven to reduce the impact of membrane biofouling in RO systems. Hence, surface modifications of commercial cellulose MF membranes with graphene oxide nanosheets (GONSs) at different concentrations were carried out in this research study. The new membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy amongst other methods of analysis. A continuous cross‐flow MF system was used to investigate the performance of the new cellulose/GONS membranes with regards to total bacteria count (TBC) removal, water flux, and biofouling resistance.RESULTSTBC removal efficiency of 93.6 ± 2.4% and 27.4 ± 12.5% was achieved using the new cellulose/GONS membranes and control pristine cellulose membranes, respectively. This higher removal efficiency was achieved at a water flux of 334.7 ± 10.4 L/(m2 h). Furthermore, a dramatic 55% increase in the transmembrane pressure (TMP) of the pristine cellulose membrane was observed after 24 h operation compared to only a 6% increase in the newly fabricated cellulose/GONS membranes, reflecting their strong anti‐fouling properties.CONCLUSIONSurface modification of MF membranes with anti‐fouling nanomaterials such as GONS has the potential to be implemented in the pretreatment of seawater to improve the RO performance and lower the energy consumption. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrative process to extract chlorophyll and purify rosmarinic acid from rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officialis)
Authors: Gomes Paula GC , Veloso Amanda F , Maynard Isabella FN , Marques Maria N , de Souza Ranyere Lucena , Pereira Matheus M , Soares Cleide MF , Lima Álvaro S 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDRosemary leaves have been widely employed in the food and pharmaceutical industry due to the presence of important compounds. However, during the extraction process, in addition to the target biomolecules [chlorophyll (Chl), and rosmarinic acid], other components (phenolic compounds) are also extracted. This work focuses on the development of a sequential and selective protocol for the extraction and concentration of Chl using an aqueous micellar two‐phase system, and extraction and purification of rosmarinic acid using an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS).RESULTSFirstly, the extraction and purification of Chls were studied. The Chls rich‐extract obtained using the best conditions of aqueous solution of Triton X‐100 (5 wt%) and phosphate buffer (50 mmol L−1), 50 °C solid–liquid ratio was evaluated at 1:100 and 60 min (Chl a = 69.3 ± 1.9 mg 100 g−1; Chl b = 41.1 ± 1.2 mg 100 g−1 and total Chl = 110.5 ± 3.1 mg 100 g−1) were submitted to temperature above cloud point. The Chl b and total Chl were concentrated 3.1 and 1.7 times. Further, the extraction and purification of rosmarinic acid were investigated. Ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile (80 wt%) at 50°C were investigated; and after extraction, the rosmarinic acid rich‐extract were add in the ATPS composed of organic solvent + tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4). The extraction efficiencies were observed in the top phase (100%) for all systems. The highest purification factor was found using the ATPS based on acetonitrile (50 wt%) + K3PO4 (20 wt%).CONCLUSIONSThe sequential protocols to extract Chls and purify rosmarinic acid can be applied. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement of diagnostic yield in carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) molecular genetic investigation by RNA sequencing
Authors: Isler Jasmine , Rüfenacht Véronique , Gemperle Corinne , Allegri Gabriella , Häberle Johannes 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCarbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism leading often to neonatal onset hyperammonemia with coma and high mortality. The biochemical features of the disease are nonspecific and cannot distinguish this condition from other defects of the urea cycle, namely N‐acetylglutamate synthase deficiency. Therefore, molecular genetic investigation is required for confirmation of the disease, and nowadays this is done with increasing frequency applying next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. Our laboratory has a long‐standing interest in CPS1 molecular genetic investigation and receives samples from centers in Europe and many other countries. We perform RNA‐based CPS1 molecular genetic investigation as first line investigation and wanted in this study to evaluate our experience with this approach as compared to NGS. In the past 15 years, 297 samples were analyzed, which were referred from 37 countries. CPS1 deficiency could be confirmed in 155 patients carrying 136 different genotypes with only a single mutation recurring more than two times. About 10% of the total 172 variants comprised complex changes (eg, intronic changes possibly affecting splicing, deletions, insertions, or deletions_insertions), which would have been partly missed if only NGS was done. Likewise, RNA analysis was crucial for correct interpretation of at least half of the complex mutations. This study gives highest sensitivity to RNA‐based CPS1 molecular genetic investigation and underlines that NGS should be done together with copy number variation analysis. We propose that unclear cases should be investigated by RNA sequencing in addition, if this method is not used as the initial diagnostic procedure.
Fragmentation pathways of protonated coumarin by ESI‐QE‐Orbitrap‐MS/MS coupled with DFT calculations
Authors: Sun Changhai , Wang Yazhuo , Sun Shiyuan , Chen Xin , Shi Xinlei , Fang Hongzhuang , Zhang Yu , Fang Zhou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoumarin is one of the basic structures of naturally oxygen heterocyclic compound, which was investigated in this paper for its gas‐phase fragmentation behaviors using electrospray quadrupole extractive orbitrap mass spectrometry in the positive mode. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed based on electrospray ionization (ESI)‐ mass spectrometry (MS)/MS data and theory calculation. The elimination of two CO and CO2 was observed for protonated coumarin, which was followed by the formation of a stabilized seven‐, six‐, and five‐membered ring carbocation by loss of C2H2. The possible protonation sites occurred at Oxygen 11 atom of coumarin were the main fragmentation pathways. The relative abundance of characteristic fragment ions and the energy‐resolved breakdown curves were used to confirm the cleavage mechanism of protonated coumarin. The methodology and results of present work would contribute to the chemical structure identification of other coumarins.
Recent Advances in Performance‐Driven Surrogate Modeling of High‐Frequency Structures
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko‐Dabrowska Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDesign of high‐frequency structures, including microwave and antenna components, heavily relies on full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. Their reliability comes at a price of a considerable computational cost. This may lead to practical issues whenever numerous EM analyses are to be executed, e.g., in the case of parametric optimization. The difficulties entailed by massive simulations may be mitigated by the use of fast surrogates, among which data‐driven models are the most popular ones due to their versatility and accessibility. Unfortunately, conventional modeling techniques are significantly affected by the curse of dimensionality. It is particularly restrictive in the case of high‐frequency components, typically exhibiting highly nonlinear characteristics. Recently, the concept of performance‐driven modeling has been proposed where the surrogate model setup is focused on a small subset of the parameter space, containing the designs that are optimal or nearly optimal with respect to the considered performance figures. Domain confinement allows for a dramatic reduction of the number of training data samples needed for rendering reliable surrogates valid over wide ranges of the system parameters. In this paper, we review some of the recent techniques employing these concepts, discuss their properties, and illustrate them using real‐world examples of antenna and microwave components.
Safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants compared to Vitamin K antagonists postpercutaneous coronary interventions in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Agasthi Pradyumna , Lee Justin Z. , Pujari Sai Harika , Tseng Andrew S. , Shipman Justin , Almader‐Douglas Diana , Ashraf Hasan , Mookadam Farouk , Fortuin Floyd David , Beohar Nirat , Arsanjani Reza , Mulpuru Siva 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are commonly associated. Cotreatment with multiple antithrombotic agents can increase the risk of bleeding. We sought to evaluate patient‐centered outcomes in patients with AF on double therapy with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared to patients with standard triple therapy, [a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) plus dual antiplatelet therapy].MethodsWe performed a literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting outcomes of patients receiving double therapy with DOACs compared to triple therapy with VKAs in patients with AF undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patient‐centered outcomes were the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) major or clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNB), all‐cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke.ResultsFour RCTs (9602 patients) met our inclusion criteria. Compared to VKAs, DOACs were associated with significantly lower ISTH major bleeding/ CRNB (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67‐0.82, P < .00001, I2 = 11%). There were no statistically significant differences in the efficacy outcomes, including myocardial infarction (RR: 0.99, 95% CI :0.79‐1.25, P = .96), stent thrombosis (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.6‐1.55, P = .89), ischemic stroke (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.5‐1.15, P = .19), all‐cause mortality (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.85‐1.31, P = .61), and MACE (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.91‐1.22, P = .97).ConclusionCompared with triple therapy with VKAS, double therapy with DOACs is associated with a reduced risk of bleeding and is as effective in patients with AF undergoing PCI.