bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous expression of GABA receptor‐like subunits LCCH3 and GRD reveals functional diversity of GABA receptors in the honeybee Apis mellifera
Authors: Henry Christopher , Cens Thierry , Charnet Pierre , Cohen‐Solal Catherine , Collet Claude , van‐Dijk Juliette , Guiramand Janique , de Jésus‐Ferreira Marie‐céleste , Menard Claudine , Mokrane Nawfel , Roussel Julien , Thibaud Jean‐Baptiste , Vignes Michel , Rousset Matthieu 
Published: May 2020

Background and PurposeDespite a growing awareness, annual losses of honeybee colonies worldwide continue to reach threatening levels for food safety and global biodiversity. Among the biotic and abiotic stresses probably responsible for these losses, pesticides, including those targeting ionotropic GABA receptors, are one of the major drivers. Most insect genomes include the ionotropic GABA receptor subunit gene, Rdl, and two GABA‐like receptor subunit genes, Lcch3 and Grd. Most studies have focused on Rdl which forms homomeric GABA‐gated chloride channels, and a complete analysis of all possible molecular combinations of GABA receptors is still lacking.Experimental ApproachWe cloned the Rdl, Grd, and Lcch3 genes of Apis mellifera and systematically characterized the resulting GABA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes, using electrophysiological assays, fluorescence microscopy and co‐immunoprecipitation techniques.Key ResultsThe cloned subunits interacted with each other, forming GABA‐gated heteromeric channels with particular properties. Strikingly, these heteromers were always more sensitive than AmRDL homomer to all the pharmacological agents tested. In particular, when expressed together, Grd and Lcch3 form a non‐selective cationic channel that opens at low concentrations of GABA and with sensitivity to insecticides similar to that of homomeric Rdl channels.Conclusion and ImplicationsFor off‐target species like the honeybee, chronic sublethal exposure to insecticides constitutes a major threat. At these concentration ranges, homomeric RDL receptors may not be the most pertinent target to study and other ionotropic GABA receptor subtypes should be considered in order to understand more fully the molecular mechanisms of sublethal toxicity to insecticides.
Preparing for attack and recovering from battle: Understanding child sexual abuse survivors' experiences of dental treatment
Authors: Fredriksen Therese Varvin , Søftestad Siri , Kranstad Vibeke , Willumsen Tiril 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to explore child sexually abused survivors' experiences of dental treatment in order to obtain a deeper understanding of them as dental patients.MethodsData were drawn from qualitative semi‐structured interviews with 16 adult informants recruited from four different Centres against Sexual Abuse in Norway. Data analysis was developed according to the principles of grounded theory suggested by Charmaz.ResultsA conceptual framework was generated, and a core concept was constructed from the informants' reports of their experiences of dental treatment: Preparing for attack and recovering from battle based on four main categories: (a) Expecting danger, (b) Battling anxiety, (c) Reliving abuse and (d) Struggling with the aftermath.ConclusionsThe analyses increase the understanding of how child sexual abuse survivors prepare before—battle during—and recover after dental treatment. This study revealed child sexual abuse survivors' experiences of extensive anxiety, triggered by sensory stimuli such as sensations, movement, muscles, touch, sight, sound, smell and taste, associated with dental procedures per se, but also sensory stimuli similar to previous traumatic experiences. The findings suggest that child sexual abuse survivors' dental anxiety is primarily trauma‐driven and possibly being one of the long‐term effects of child sexual abuse. This may be an important contribution to the understanding of CSA survivors and should affect the approach of clinicians treating dental patients with such a history.
Caesarean delivery and the risk of atopic dermatitis in children
Authors: Richards Megan , Ferber Jeannette , Chen Hong , Swor Erin , Quesenberry Charles P. , Li De‐Kun , Darrow Lyndsey A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCaesarean delivery (C‐section) may disrupt maternal‐infant microbial transfer and alter immune system development and subsequent risk for atopic dermatitis.ObjectiveInvestigate the association between C‐section and atopic dermatitis by age four and examine potential sources of bias in the relationship in a large cohort study.MethodsMaternal and child information was collected through Kaiser Permanente Northern California's (KPNC) integrated healthcare system. Data sources included electronic medical records, pharmacy databases, state birth records, and prospectively collected breastfeeding surveys. Children were eligible if they were born in a KPNC or contracting hospital between 2005 and 2014 and had continuous enrolment in the KPNC system for at least four years (n = 173 105). Modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to estimate the association between C‐section and atopic dermatitis overall and when stratified by demographic and labour and delivery characteristics.ResultsAlthough unadjusted analyses showed a positive association between C‐section and atopic dermatitis [RR(95%CI): 1.06(1.03, 1.10)], this effect was attenuated towards the null after adjustment [aRR(95%CI): 1.02(0.99, 1.05)]. In stratified analyses, there was evidence that C‐section increased atopic dermatitis risk among certain subgroups (eg firstborns, overweight/obese pre‐pregnancy BMI), but associations were weak. C‐section delivery conditions indicative of the least exposure to maternal microbiome (ie no labour, short interval between membrane rupture and delivery) showed no evidence of association with atopic dermatitis. Estimated associations were not strongly influenced by intrapartum antibiotics, breastfeeding, missing data, or familial factors.ConclusionCaesarean delivery was not associated with atopic dermatitis by age four in this large US cohort. This association did not appear to be biased by intrapartum antibiotics, breastfeeding behaviour, C‐section indication, missing covariates, or familial factors.
Application of autologous SOX9+ airway basal cells in patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: Sun Fengjun , Cheng Lin , Guo Haiqing , Sun Yufen , Ma Yu , Wang Yu , Feng Wei , Yuan Qian , Dai Xiaotian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionBronchiectasis is a common condition and a leading cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality. The treatment method for bronchiectasis is mainly symptomatic treatment or surgery; however, this condition is extremely prone to recurrence.ObjectivesTo preliminarily evaluate the safety and efficacy of applying SOX9+ autologous airway basal cells (BCs) in patients with bronchiectasis.MethodsSOX9+ BCs were isolated from microscale tissue of a grade 3‐5 bronchus by bronchoscopic brushing and expanded in vitro for approximately 4 weeks. Subsequently, the autologous SOX9+ BCs were transplanted into the diseased bronchus to treat patients with bronchiectasis.ResultsThe forced expiratory volume in1 second (FEV1)%, forced vital capacity (FVC)%, total lung capacity (TLC)%, residual volume (RV)% and RV/TLC ratio of predicted value in patients with bronchiectasis were improved at 4, 12, 24 and 48 weeks after cell transplantation, although the differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). Chest CT scans showed that the lesions in the pulmonary segment had not progressed at 4, 12 and 24 weeks after transplantation. No patients died during the follow‐up. At 4, 12 and 24 weeks after transplantation, routine blood tests, liver function tests, renal function tests and myocardial enzymatic indexes were normal (P > .05).ConclusionTransplantation of autologous SOX9+ BCs has positive effects and is safe for patients with bronchiectasis.
Relationship between colonic diverticulosis and colon neoplasms in Japanese patients
Authors: Nakahara Ryotaro , Amano Yuji , Murakami Daisuke , Ogawa Sayaka , Ujihara Tetsuro , Iwaki Tomoyuki , Katsuyama Yasushi , Hayasaka Kenji , Harada Hideaki , Tada Yasumasa , Yuki Takafumi , Miyaoka Youichi , Kushiyama Yoshinori , Fujishiro Hirofumi , Ishihara Shunji 
Published: May 2020

Background and AimColonic diverticulosis (CD) has been reported to be associated with presence of colon neoplasms (CNs) in Western patients, since most of the associated risk factors are common between them. However, such correlation has not been fully investigated in Asian patients. In this study, the association of CNs with CD was evaluated in a multicenter investigation.MethodsWe enrolled 5633 patients who underwent both colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy due to annual follow‐up, screening for positive occult blood testing and abdominal symptoms between January 2016 and December 2017 at three institutions. The relationship between the presence of CNs and CD was investigated, and predictors for presence of CNs were determined by multivariate logistic analysis.ResultsThe enrolled patients consisted of 1799 (31.9%) with CD (average age 70.0 years, male 64.0%) and 3834 without CD (66.0 years, male 52.9%), with the prevalence of CNs in those groups 46.6% and 44.2%, respectively (P = 0.090). Predictors for early colon cancer were shown to be age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, P = 0.010), laxatives use (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.17–2.64, P = 0.007), gastric neoplasms (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.23–3.81, P = 0.008), and CD (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.16–2.31, P = 0.005). Early colon cancer in the distal colon was most frequently detected in patients with right‐sided CD (RR 2.50, P = 0.001).ConclusionIn Japanese patients, early colon cancer was more frequently found in those with as compared to those without CD. The presence of CD may be an important indicator for an index colonoscopy examination to detect colon cancer. (Clinical‐trial‐registry: UMIN000038985).
Ultra rapid lispro lowers postprandial glucose and more closely matches normal physiological glucose response compared to other rapid insulin analogues: A phase 1 randomized, crossover study
Authors: Heise Tim , Linnebjerg Helle , Coutant David , LaBell Elizabeth , Zijlstra Eric , Kapitza Christoph , Bue‐Valleskey Juliana , Zhang Qianyi , Dellva Mary Anne , Leohr Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) and glucodynamic (GD) characteristics of ultra rapid lispro (URLi; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana), Fiasp® (Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark), Humalog® (Eli Lilly and Company) and NovoRapid® (Novo Nordisk), in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, four‐period, crossover study, conducted in 68 patients with T1D. Patients received the same individualized subcutaneous dose of each study drug immediately prior to a liquid test meal. For comparison, 12 healthy subjects received the same test meal.ResultsURLi had a significantly faster insulin absorption compared to the other insulins tested. Early half‐maximal drug concentration was reached 13 minutes after administration of URLi, which was 6 minutes faster than Fiasp, 13 minutes faster than Humalog, and 14 minutes faster than NovoRapid (all P <0.0001). Early insulin exposure was significantly greater and late insulin exposure was reduced after URLi compared to the other insulins. URLi achieved the greatest numerical reduction in postprandial glucose (PPG) at 2 hours post‐meal (7 mg/dL vs Fiasp) and was significantly different from Humalog (21 mg/dL) and Novo Rapid (29 mg/dL). Additionally, glucose excursions over the first 3 hours post‐meal with URLi were comparable to those in healthy subjects.ConclusionsURLi demonstrated the fastest insulin absorption and the greatest numeric PPG‐lowering effect compared to the other insulins tested. URLi more closely matched the early physiological glucose control observed in healthy subjects.
Comparative left ventricular mechanical deformation in acute apical variant stress cardiomyopathy and acute anterior myocardial infarction utilizing 2‐dimensional longitudinal strain imaging
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed , Sardana Mayank , Rasla Somwail , Escobar Jorge , Bote Josiah , Iskandar Aline , Tran Khanh‐Van , Tighe Dennis A. , Fitzgibbons Timothy P. , Aurigemma Gerard P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsDespite three decades of study, it is still challenging to discriminate acute apical variant stress cardiomyopathy (AVSCM) from acute left anterior descending‐myocardial infarction (LAD‐MI) at the time of presentation. A biomarker or practical imaging modality that can differentiate these two entities is highly desirable. Our objective was to characterize left ventricular (LV) mechanical deformation using 2‐dimensional (2D) echocardiographic strain imaging in an attempt to discriminate AVSCM from LAD‐MI at presentation.Methods and ResultsWe studied 108 women (60 AVSCM, 48 ST segment elevation LAD‐MI). All underwent echocardiography within 48 hours of presentation. 2D longitudinal strain (LS) from an 18‐segment LV model was performed, with global LS (GLS) taken as the average of all 18 segments. GLS was abnormal, but did not differentiate AVSCM from LAD‐MI. Mean LS of the basal and mid‐anterior, basal, and mid‐anteroseptum segments were significantly lower in LAD‐MI vs AVSCM group (−14 ± 9% vs −20 ± 8%; −11 ± 7% vs −14 ± 6%; −9 ± 8% vs −14 ± 8%; −9 ± 7% vs −13 ± 5%, respectively, all P ≤ .05). Mean LS of the basal inferior and inferolateral segments was significantly higher in the LAD‐MI vs. AVSCM group (−19 ± 9% vs −13 ± 7%; −23 ± 11% vs −18 ± 7%, respectively, all P ≤ .05). Using ROC curve analysis, segmental strain ratio of average basal inferior and inferolateral segments LS to average mid‐ and basal anterior and anteroseptum segments LS of ≥1.58 was 90% specific for LAD‐MI [area under the curve (AUC) 0.87; P < .001].ConclusionLongitudinal strain patterns are useful in discriminating AVSCM from LAD‐MI patients at presentation and may be valuable in stratifying patients for invasive evaluation.
Decreasing risk of psychosis by sulforaphane study protocol for a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, clinical multi‐centre trial
Authors: Li Zhixing , Zhang Tianhong , Xu Lihua , Wei Yanyan , Tang Yingying , Hu Qiang , Liu Xiaohua , Li Xiaolong , Davis John , Smith Robert , Jin Hua , Wang Jijun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimA growing number of studies suggest a role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound extracted from cruciferous vegetables, has shown anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative effects which imply a potential effect on decreasing the risk of psychosis. However, there is no study testing the efficacy of SFN for this purpose. It's necessary to evaluate its efficacy on individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis.MethodsThis is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐centre trial. A total of 300 CHR subjects will be identified in the course of face‐to‐face interviews using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. All participants will be randomly allocated to SFN group (n = 150) or placebo group (n = 150). The study duration includes an intervention for 52 consecutive weeks, and additional 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe primary outcome is 2‐year conversion rate of psychosis. Secondary outcomes include 1‐year conversion rate of psychosis, the severity and duration of prodromal symptoms, predictive risk of psychosis conversion, neurocognitive functioning and peripheral blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolism. Safety monitoring will be performed using scales for side effect, serious adverse events recording, and laboratory tests.ConclusionThis trial is expected to clarify the efficacy of SFN in improving prodromal symptoms, and its role in decreasing the risk and conversion rate of psychosis among CHR subjects. The results will also provide solid evidence about the efficacy and safety of SFN in CHR population. Potential challenges and their solutions in performing the present trial are discussed.
Machine learning in space and time for modelling soil organic carbon change
Authors: Heuvelink Gerard B. M. , Angelini Marcos E. , Poggio Laura , Bai Zhanguo , Batjes Niels H. , van den Bosch Rik , Bossio Deborah , Estella Sergio , Lehmann Johannes , Olmedo Guillermo F. , Sanderman Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpatially resolved estimates of change in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are necessary for supporting national and international policies aimed at achieving land degradation neutrality and climate change mitigation. In this work we report on the development, implementation and application of a data‐driven, statistical method for mapping SOC stocks in space and time, using Argentina as a pilot. We used quantile regression forest machine learning to predict annual SOC stock at 0–30 cm depth at 250 m resolution for Argentina between 1982 and 2017. The model was calibrated using over 5,000 SOC stock values from the 36‐year time period and 35 environmental covariates. We preprocessed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dynamic covariates using a temporal low‐pass filter to allow the SOC stock for a given year to depend on the NDVI of the current as well as preceding years. Predictions had modest temporal variation, with an average decrease for the entire country from 2.55 to 2.48 kg C m−2 over the 36‐year period (equivalent to a decline of 211 Gg C, 3.0% of the total 0–30 cm SOC stock in Argentina). The Pampa region had a larger estimated SOC stock decrease from 4.62 to 4.34 kg C m−2 (5.9%) during the same period. For the 2001–2015 period, predicted temporal variation was seven‐fold larger than that obtained using the Tier 1 approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. Prediction uncertainties turned out to be substantial, mainly due to the limited number and poor spatial and temporal distribution of the calibration data, and the limited explanatory power of the covariates. Cross‐validation confirmed that SOC stock prediction accuracy was limited, with a mean error of 0.03 kg C m−2 and a root mean squared error of 2.04 kg C m−2. In spite of the large uncertainties, this work showed that machine learning methods can be used for space–time SOC mapping and may yield valuable information to land managers and policymakers, provided that SOC observation density in space and time is sufficiently large.Highlights
We tested the use of machine learning for space–time mapping of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock.
Predictions for Argentina from 1982 to 2017 showed a 3% decrease of the topsoil SOC stock over time.
The machine learning model predicted a greater temporal variation than the IPCC Tier 1 approach.
Accurate machine learning SOC stock prediction requires dense soil sampling in space and time.
Peri‐ictal heart rate variability parameters as surrogate markers of seizure severity
Authors: Arbune Anca A. , Jeppesen Jesper , Conradsen Isa , Ryvlin Philippe , Beniczky Sándor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aims at defining objective parameters reflecting the severity of peri‐ictal autonomic changes and their relation to post‐ictal generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression (PGES), with the view that such changes could be detected by wearable seizure detection systems and prove useful to assess the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). To this purpose, we assessed peri‐ictal changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and correlated them with seizure duration, intensity of electromyography‐based ictal muscle activity, and presence and duration of post‐ictal generalized EEG suppression (PGES). We evaluated 75 motor seizures from 40 patients, including 61 generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS) and 14 other major motor seizure types. For all major motor seizures, HRV measurements demonstrated a significantly decreased parasympathetic activity and increased sympathetic activity in the post‐ictal period. The post‐ictal increased sympathetic activity was significantly higher for GTCS as compared with non‐GTCS. The degree of peri‐ictal decreased parasympathetic activity and increased sympathetic activity was associated with longer PGES (>20 s), longer seizure duration, and greater intensity of ictal muscle activity. Mean post‐ictal heart rate (HR) was an independent predictor of PGES duration, seizure duration, and intensity of ictal muscle contraction. Our results indicate that peri‐ictal changes in HRV are potential biomarkers of major motor seizure severity.
Soil acidification reduces the effects of short‐term nutrient enrichment on plant and soil biota and their interactions in grasslands
Authors: Xiao Hong , Wang Bing , Lu Shunbao , Chen Dima , Wu Ying , Zhu Yuhe , Hu Shuijin , Bai Yongfei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and soil acidification have greatly increased in grassland ecosystems due to increased industrial and agricultural activities. As major environmental and economic concerns worldwide, nutrient enrichment and soil acidification can lead to substantial changes in the diversity and structure of plant and soil communities. Although the separate effects of N and P enrichment on soil food webs have been assessed across different ecosystems, the combined effects of N and P enrichment on multiple trophic levels in soil food webs have not been studied in semiarid grasslands experiencing soil acidification. Here we conducted a short‐term N and P enrichment experiment in non‐acidified and acidified soil in a semiarid grassland on the Mongolian Plateau. We found that net primary productivity was not affected by N or P enrichment alone in either non‐acidified or acidified soil, but was increased by combined N and P enrichment in both non‐acidified and acidified soil. Nutrient enrichment decreased the biomass of most microbial groups in non‐acidified soil (the decrease tended to be greatest with combined N and P enrichment) but not in acidified soil, and did not affect most soil nematode variables in non‐acidified or acidified soil. Nutrient enrichment also changed plant and microbial community structure in non‐acidified but not in acidified soil, and had no effect on nematode community structure in non‐acidified or acidified soil. These results indicate that the responses to short‐term nutrient enrichment were weaker for higher trophic groups (nematodes) than for lower trophic groups (microorganisms) and primary producers (plants). The findings increase our understanding of the effects of nutrient enrichment on multiple trophic levels of soil food webs, and highlight that soil acidification, as an anthropogenic stressor, reduced the responses of plants and soil food webs to nutrient enrichment and weakened plant–soil interactions.