bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of cytokine/chemokine responses for the disease severity and management in children and adult cases with COVID‐19
Authors: Ozsurekci Yasemin , Aykac Kubra , Er Ahmet Gorkem , Halacli Burcin , Arasli Mehmet , Oygar Pembe Derin , Gürlevik Sibel , Cura Yayla Burcu Ceylan , Karakaya Jale , Alp Alparslan , Topeli Arzu , Cengiz Ali Bülent , Akova Murat , Ceyhan Mehmet 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe disease course of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) seems milder as compared with adults, however, actual reason of the pathogenesis still remains unclear. There is a growing interest on possible relationship between pathogenicity or disease severity and biomarkers including cytokines or chemokines. We wondered whether these biomarkers could be used for the prediction of the prognosis of COVID‐19 and improving our understanding on the variations between pediatric and adult cases with COVID‐19. The acute phase serum levels of 25 cytokines and chemokines in the serum samples from 60 COVID‐19 pediatric (n = 30) and adult cases (n = 30) including 20 severe or critically ill, 25 moderate and 15 mild patients and 30 healthy pediatric (n = 15) and adult (n = 15) volunteers were measured using commercially available fluorescent bead immunoassay and analyzed in combination with clinical data. Interferon gamma‐induced protein 10 (IP‐10) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)−3β levels were significantly higher in patient cohort including pediatric and adult cases with COVID‐19 when compared with all healthy volunteers (p ≤ .001 in each) and whereas IP‐10 levels were significantly higher in both pediatric and adult cases with severe disease course, MIP‐3β were significantly lower in healthy controls. Additionally, IP‐10 is an independent predictor for disease severity, particularly in children and interleukin‐6 seems a relatively good predictor for disease severity in adults. IP‐10 and MIP‐3β seem good research candidates to understand severity of COVID‐19 in both pediatric and adult population and to investigate possible pathophysiological mechanism of COVID‐19.
Investigating glass beads and the funerary rituals of ancient Vaccaei culture (S. IV‐I BC) by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Pinto J. , Prieto A.C. , Coria‐Noguera J.C. , Sanz‐Minguez C. , Souto J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlass pieces were highly appreciated goods in the Protohistory of the Iberian Peninsula. The specialized production of these glass pieces seems noncompatible with local workshops, and therefore, they are proof of commercial relationships with other cultures with the technical capability to produce such pieces. However, detailed studies of glass beads of archaeological relevance are scarce, as these samples usually appeared without a clear historical context. Nevertheless, the archaeological site of Pintia (Padilla de Duero, Valladolid, Spain) is a relevant exception to this situation. About 600 pieces have been recovered by 2018, with a significant percentage found in closed tombs. In this work, a set of 15 representative pieces from the Vaccaei culture (IV‐I centuries BC) have been studied by Raman spectroscopy and ESEM/EDX. The combination of both techniques provided valuable information about the fabrication of these samples, identifying diverse features that could be related to different workshops or origins. In particular, the characteristics of a sophisticated bifacial pendant were found to be compatible with their provenance from Carthage. Also, some of the pigments employed on these samples were identified by Raman spectroscopy, finding lead oxides, calcium antimoniate, hematite, and Naples yellow. The diverse trousseaus and viatic offerings found in the Vaccaei tombs show the relevance and complexity of the funerary cremation rituals in their culture. The study by Raman spectroscopy of well‐preserved and thermally altered glass beads found in the same tomb allowed estimating the maximum temperature reached during the cremation in about 600°C, which confirmed previous estimations derived from the state of conservation of the bone remains.
Resolution Enhancement and Background Suppression in Optical Super‐Resolution Imaging for Biological Applications
Authors: Li Chuankang , Le Vannhu , Wang Xiaona , Hao Xiang , Liu Xu , Kuang Cuifang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor decades, the spatial resolution of conventional far‐field optical imaging has been constrained due to the diffraction limit. The emergence of optical super‐resolution imaging has facilitated biological research in the nanoscale regime. However, the existing super‐resolution modalities are not feasible in many biological applications due to weaknesses, like complex implementation and high cost. Recently, various newly proposed techniques are advantageous in the enhancement of the system resolution, background suppression, and improvement of the hardware complexity so that the above‐mentioned issues could be addressed. Most of these techniques entail the modification of factors, like hardware, light path, fluorescent probe, and algorithm, based on conventional imaging systems. Particularly, subtraction technique is an easily implemented, cost‐effective, and flexible imaging tool which has been applied in widespread utilizations. In this review, the principles, characteristics, advances, and biological applications of these techniques are highlighted in optical super‐resolution modalities.
Enhanced Graphene Plasmonic Mode Energy for Highly Sensitive Molecular Fingerprint Retrieval
Authors: Nong Jinpeng , Tang Linlong , Lan Guilian , Luo Peng , Li Zhancheng , Huang Deping , Yi Juemin , Shi Haofei , Wei Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGraphene plasmons with tightly confined fields and actively tunable resonant frequencies enable the selective detection of molecular vibrational fingerprints with ultrahigh sensitivity, significantly promoting the development of surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopies (SEIRAS). However, current experimentally obtained enhancements are much smaller than the theoretical prediction due to the extremely low graphene plasmonic mode energy. In this paper, the strategies to improve the mode energy are theoretically and experimentally investigated in a one‐port graphene plasmonic system. By optimizing the Fabry–Pérot cavity length and employing multi‐layer graphene to drive the system into the near critical coupling regime, the localized graphene plasmonic absorptions can be improved from 3% to more than 92%. This induces a 37 times improvement of graphene plasmonic mode energy from 0.4 × 10−13 to 1.5 × 10−12 J per period for the strong plasmon–molecule interactions, enabling the highly sensitive detection of 8 nm thick molecular film. The SEIRAS experimental results demonstrate that a maximum enhancement factor of 162 can be achieved, which is one order larger than that of the reported localized graphene plasmonic sensors. The results showcase the practical usability of localized graphene plasmons for the next‐generation high sensitive nanoscale infrared spectroscopy.
Extremely Polarized and Efficient Hot Electron Intraband Luminescence from Aluminum Nanostructures for Nonlinear Optical Encoding
Authors: Zhang Yinan , Han Jing , Shi Liu , Chen Shiren , Feng Ziwei , Lu Hua , Gu Min , Li Xiangping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHot electron intraband luminescence from plasmonic nanostructures is of critical importance for integrated photonic devices and applications in ultracompact nanospectrometer, bioimaging, information encryption et al. Although, the past few decades have witnessed tremendous progress in enhancing the luminescence efficiency of plasmonic nanostructures, the luminescence is usually unpolarized or partially polarized and difficult to be tailored because of its incoherent and broadband feature, significantly limiting its applications. Here the current limitation, demonstrating extremely polarized hot electron intraband luminescence with record‐high degree of linear polarization (≈1) and ≈40 000‐fold enhancement from judiciously designed aluminium (Al) plasmonic nanostructures, is broken through. The designed nanostructures exhibit strong polarization‐dependent anisotropic scattering across the visible band which efficiently modulates the luminescence in orthogonal directions. Leveraging this appealing feature, high‐contrast analyzer controlled optical image encryption and camouflage for information security applications are demonstrated. This research lays the groundwork for integrated nonlinear photonic devices based on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)‐compatible plasmonic materials and paves the way for ultracompact on‐chip photonic devices demanding polarized white light sources.
Polarization‐Engineered Noninterleaved Metasurface for Integer and Fractional Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing
Authors: Zhang Kuang , Yuan Yueyi , Ding Xumin , Li Haoyu , Ratni Badreddine , Wu Qun , Liu Jian , Burokur Shah Nawaz , Tan Jiubin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been widely explored in optical and microwave regions attributed to its potential characteristics in communication systems. For circular polarization incidence, Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase is a direct resource to generate phase gradient along the azimuthal direction required by specific OAM mode. The main drawback of PB phase is that it only affects cross‐polarized fields and keeps the copolarized part unmodulated. Here, a paradigm‐shift perspective of noninterleaved metasurfaces is proposed, which can simultaneously generate separate multiple integer and fractional OAM modes occupying both copolarized and cross‐polarized output channels. The scheme is validated by a series of experimental demonstrations in the microwave regime. By adjusting the polarization states of both input and receiving ends, different integer and fractional OAM modes are demonstrated in the full transmission channels. The results offer a unique recipe to enhance information capacity of metasurfaces and trigger versatile electromagnetic (EM) wave function integrations for advanced compact systems. A variety of applications can be readily expected in spin‐selective optics, spin‐Hall metadevices, and multitask metasurfaces operating in both reflection and transmission modes.
Magnetic Schrödinger operators with delta‐type potentials
Authors: Rabinovich Vladimir 
Published: November 2020

We consider the magnetic anisotropic Schrödinger operator on

where
is the vector potential of the magnetic field and W(x) is the scalar potential of the electric field. We assume that aj and ϱij are real‐valued functions belonging to the space
of bounded with first derivatives on
functions, whereas
is a complex‐valued electric potential. Let Σ be a C2‐hypersurface in
dividing
on two open domains Ω± with common boundary Σ. We assume that Σ is a closed C2‐hypersurface or unbounded hypersurface of bounded geometry. We consider the magnetic Schrödinger operator
with singular potentials Ws with supports on Σ. We associate with
an unbounded operator
in
generated by Hϱ,a, W with domain in H2(Ω+) ⊕ H2(Ω−) consisting of functions satisfying interaction conditions on Σ. We study the self‐adjointness of the operator
and its Fredholm properties. Moreover, we consider the spectral problem

and reduce this problem to a spectral problem for some boundary pseudodifferential operators on Σ. We describe the domains in
where problem (2) has the discrete spectrum.
Abnormal lung quantification in chest CT images of COVID‐19 patients with deep learning and its application to severity prediction
Authors: Shan Fei , Gao Yaozong , Wang Jun , Shi Weiya , Shi Nannan , Han Miaofei , Xue Zhong , Shen Dinggang , Shi Yuxin 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveComputed tomography (CT) provides rich diagnosis and severity information of COVID‐19 in clinical practice. However, there is no computerized tool to automatically delineate COVID‐19 infection regions in chest CT scans for quantitative assessment in advanced applications such as severity prediction. The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning (DL)‐based method for automatic segmentation and quantification of infection regions as well as the entire lungs from chest CT scans.MethodsThe DL‐based segmentation method employs the “VB‐Net” neural network to segment COVID‐19 infection regions in CT scans. The developed DL‐based segmentation system is trained by CT scans from 249 COVID‐19 patients, and further validated by CT scans from other 300 COVID‐19 patients. To accelerate the manual delineation of CT scans for training, a human‐involved‐model‐iterations (HIMI) strategy is also adopted to assist radiologists to refine automatic annotation of each training case. To evaluate the performance of the DL‐based segmentation system, three metrics, that is, Dice similarity coefficient, the differences of volume, and percentage of infection (POI), are calculated between automatic and manual segmentations on the validation set. Then, a clinical study on severity prediction is reported based on the quantitative infection assessment.ResultsThe proposed DL‐based segmentation system yielded Dice similarity coefficients of 91.6% ± 10.0% between automatic and manual segmentations, and a mean POI estimation error of 0.3% for the whole lung on the validation dataset. Moreover, compared with the cases with fully manual delineation that often takes hours, the proposed HIMI training strategy can dramatically reduce the delineation time to 4 min after three iterations of model updating. Besides, the best accuracy of severity prediction was 73.4% ± 1.3% when the mass of infection (MOI) of multiple lung lobes and bronchopulmonary segments were used as features for severity prediction, indicating the potential clinical application of our quantification technique on severity prediction.ConclusionsA DL‐based segmentation system has been developed to automatically segment and quantify infection regions in CT scans of COVID‐19 patients. Quantitative evaluation indicated high accuracy in automatic infection delineation and severity prediction.
Trends in prenatal diagnosis: An analysis of 40 years of Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms in publications
Authors: Lu Ya‐Ling , Bianchi Diana W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the evolution of the field of prenatal diagnosis over the past four decades.MethodWe analyzed the publications in the journal Prenatal Diagnosis from its inception in 1980 to 2019 using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) to examine the major research topics and trends. The results were analyzed by 10‐year intervals.ResultsPublications on prenatal cytogenetics, congenital anomalies and fetal imaging predominated during the first three decades, with a steady increase in molecular genetics over time. Publications on NIPT did not appear until the most recent decade and are likely under‐counted because there was no MeSH term for NIPT until 2020.ConclusionThe topics covered in Prenatal Diagnosis articles have evolved considerably over the past four decades and reflect a response to advances in technology and widespread incorporation of prenatal screening and diagnosis into standard obstetric care. The strengths of this analysis are its objective nature, its use of the standard MeSH terms used for coding, and application of a novel cluster analysis to visualize trends. The analysis also pointed out the fact that MeSH terms in this sub‐specialty area are often inconsistent due to manually coding based on individual subject matter expertise.
Advancing understanding of the classification of broad autism phenotype and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom dimensions within the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology
Authors: Stanton Kasey , DeLucia Elizabeth A. , Brown Matthew F. D. , McDonnell Christina G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch on personality and psychopathology associations has informed the classification of many symptom dimensions within the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). However, classification of symptom dimensions defining autism and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) within the HiTOP framework remains unclear in many ways. To address this issue, we examined the joint factor structure of (a) measures assessing characteristics relevant to ADHD and autism and (b) normal range personality traits in a sample of 547 adults recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, many of whom reported elevated autism‐relevant and ADHD‐relevant characteristics. We also examined how factors identified in these analyses correlated with measures of internalizing symptoms and select externalizing traits. Our results indicated that some measures assessing autism‐relevant and ADHD‐relevant characteristics (e.g. communication issues, hyperactivity/impulsivity) defined a distinct Attention and Communication Difficulties factor, with scores on this factor correlating strongly with internalizing symptom ratings. However, other relevant characteristics such as aloofness may be indicators of existing HiTOP spectra such as detachment. We discuss how these findings inform classification of autism‐relevant and ADHD‐relevant characteristics within the HiTOP, as well as key future directions for extending the limited research in this area.
Nonfragile sampled‐dataH∞control design for high‐speed train with parametric uncertainties
Authors: Subramanian K. , Muthukumar P. , Trinh Hieu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study proposes the nonfragile sampled‐dataH∞control design for a high‐speed train (HST) with parametric uncertainties. Unlike the existing studies, the HST model is formulated together with the damping force, parametric uncertainties, and uncertain factors. To guarantee the desired tracking speed of HST, and at the equilibrium state, the stability of relative spring displacement between two adjacent carriages, sufficient conditions are addressed under nonfragile sampled‐dataH∞control based on the actual sampling pattern with an input delay approach. Meanwhile, aH∞disturbance attenuation performance is obtained for the uncertain factors, which ensures the safety and comfort of operating the HST. By utilizing experimental Japan Shinkansen HST parameter values, numerical examples are employed to verify the proposed method.
Separation and preparative purification ofl‐ andd‐valine ester: Diastereomeric conjugates of atazanavir using a combination of 2‐propanol and acetonitrile in reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Shyamsundar Murugesan , Chauthe Siddheshwar Kisan , Subramani Lakshumanan , Subbaiah Murugaiah A. M. , Gupta Anuradha , Bajpai Lakshmikant , Bagadi Muralidhararao , Mathur Arvind 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe production of pure diastereomers and the quality control of chiral drug substances have become key issues for the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies due to differences in their biological properties in vivo. This study discusses the unusual case study for analytical method development and preparative purification of diastereomers derived from the conjugation ofl‐ andd‐valine ester with the HIV‐1 protease inhibitor atazanavir prodrug. While thel‐valine ester conjugate diastereomers could be successfully separated using acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium acetate on SunFire‐C18OBD column, the correspondingd‐valine ester conjugate diastereomers co‐eluted under the same method conditions. This observation led to a series of method development and optimization work that resulted in an improved chromatographic condition, using acetonitrile:2‐propanol (70:30) v/v combination as an organic modifier with 0.1% HCOOH on SunFire‐C18 column. The same method was further scaled up for isolation of individual diastereomers on preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography.
“Necklaces”: A Didactic Sequence for Missing-Value Proportionality Problems
Authors: Reséndiz Laura , Block Sevilla David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research presents a sequence of didactic situations involving a proportionality relationship in which every value in a set (a number of necklaces) is mapped to a pair, a triad, or a quartet of values (numbers of blue beads, red beads, green beads, etc., required to make that number of necklaces) from another set. The sequence includes relatively simple multiplication and division problems, as well as more complex “missing-value” problems. This paper also presents the results of applying the sequence with a group of 4th grade students in a Mexican primary school (9 and 10 years old).
Taiwan: Performance in the Programme for International Student Assessment
Authors: Lin Su-Wei , Tzou Huey-Ing , Lu I-Chung , Hung Pi-Hsia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTaiwan has, from 2006, participated in five Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) surveys. This chapter discusses Taiwan’s performance in PISA and its implications. At first, the education system and the process of educational reform in Taiwan were described. Then Taiwan’s performances for reading, math, and science in PISA were delineated. Taiwanese students have had consistently excellent performance for math and science; its reading performance, although not as outstanding as those for math and science, has improved significantly from 2009 to 2018. The gender gap in reading, in favour of female students, has narrowed, and the gender gap in math and science has been small. Educational equity, especially between rural and urban students, has also improved from 2006 to 2018. The proportion of high performers in reading and the proportion of low performers in reading, math, and science has increased from 2006 to 2018, while the proportions of top performers in math and science have decreased. These findings are interpreted from the perspectives of cultural beliefs, changes in the education system and national assessment, government investment in the related domains, and the nature of the PISA assessment.
Influence of Lattice Curvature and Nanoscale Mesoscopic Structural States on the Wear Resistance and Fatigue Life of Austenitic Steel
Authors: Panin Viktor E. , Egorushkin Valery E. , Surikova Natalya S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe gauge dynamic theory of defects in a heterogeneous medium predicts the nonlinearity of plastic flow at low lattice curvatureand structural turbulence with the formation of individual dynamic rotations at high curvature of the deformed medium. The present work is devoted to the experimental verification of the theoretical predictions. Experimentally studied are the influence of high-temperature radial shear rolling and subsequent cold rolling on the internal structure of metastable Fe–Cr–Mn austenitic stainless steel, formation of nonequilibrium ε- and α′-martensite phases, appearance of dynamic rotations on fracture surfaces, fatigue life in alternating bending, and wear resistance of the material. Scratch testing reveals a strong increase in the damping effect in the formed hierarchical mesosubstructure. The latter is responsible for a nanocrystalline grain structure in the material, hcp ε martensite and bcc α′ martensite in grains, a vortical filamentary substructure on the fracture surface as well as for improved high-cycle fatigue and wear resistance of the material. This is related to a high concentration of nanoscale mesoscopic structural states, which arise in lattice curvature zones during high-temperature radial shear rolling combined with smooth-roll cold rolling. These effects are explained by the self-consistent mechanical behavior of hcp ε-martensite laths in fcc austenite grains and bcc α′-martensite laths that form during cold rolling of the steel subjected to high-temperature radial shear rolling.