bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penguins are competent hosts of Haemoproteus parasites: the first detection of gametocytes, with molecular characterization of Haemoproteus larae
Authors: Inumaru Mizue , Aratani Shiori , Shimizu Misa , Yamamoto Mineka , Sato Yukita , Murata Koichi , Valkiūnas Gediminas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of penguins (Sphenisciformes) have evolved in areas with weak or absent transmission of haemosporidian parasites and are usually naïve to avian haemosporidian infections.Plasmodiumparasites are transmitted by mosquitoes, and lethal avian malaria has been often reported in captive penguins in many countries. The related haemosporidian parasites belonging toHaemoproteusandLeucocytozoonhave also been detected in penguins but less often thanPlasmodiuminfections. The majority ofHaemoproteusinfection reports in penguins are based solely on PCR-based diagnostics. It remains unclear if haemoproteids can complete their life-cycle and produce infective stages (gametocytes) in penguins or whether these infections are abortive in penguins, and thus dead ends for transmission. In other words, it remains unknown if penguins are competent hosts forHaemoproteusparasites, which cause disease in non-adapted birds.MethodsTwo captive African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) and two Magellanic penguins (S. magellanicus) were found to be positive forHaemoproteusinfection in two open-air aquariums in Japan, and the parasites were investigated using both PCR-based testing and microscopical examination of blood films. Samples from a black-tailed gull (Larus crassirostris) and previously tested gulls were used for comparison.ResultsThe lineage hSPMAG12 was detected, and gametocytes ofHaemoproteussp. were seen in the examined penguins and gull. Observed gametocytes were indistinguishable from those ofHaemoproteus larae, which naturally parasitize birds of the genusLarus(Laridae). The detected sequence information and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis supported this conclusion. Additionally, morphologically similar gametocytes and closely related DNA sequences were also found in other gull species in Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on partialcytbsequences placed the lineage hSPMAG12 ofH. laraewithin the clade of avian haemoproteids which belong to the subgenusParahaemoproteus, indicating thatCulicoidesbiting midges likely transmit the parasites between penguins and gulls.ConclusionsThis study shows that some species ofHaemoproteusparasites complete their development and produce gametocytes in penguins, which may be source of infection for biting midges transmitting haemoproteosis. To prevent haemosporidiosis in zoos, we call for control not only of mosquitoes, but also biting midges.
Human biodistribution and internal dosimetry of 4-[ 18F]fluorobenzyl-dexetimide: a PET radiopharmaceutical for imaging muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain and heart
Authors: Pain Cameron D. , O’Keefe Graeme J. , Ackermann Uwe , Dore Vincent , Villemagne Victor L. , Rowe Christopher C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
4-[18F] fluorobenzyl dexetimide (F-DEX) is the first non-subtype selective fluorine-18 labelled tracer for muscarinic receptors (mAChR) used in humans. A recent first-in-human study found high regional brain uptake with low variation in normal subjects. Disturbance of mAChR has been reported in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and depression and various cardiac diseases. The following work assesses the biodistribution, organ tracer kinetics and radiation dose associated with F-DEX.

Method
Dose calculations were based on activity uptake derived from multiple time point whole body PET CT imaging and the organ-specific dosimetric S-factors derived from the ICRP 133 standard man and woman mathematical phantoms. Effective doses were calculated using the latest ICRP tissue weighting factors.

Results
Serial images and time activity curves demonstrate high brain and left ventricular myocardial uptake (5% and 0.65% of injected activity, respectively) with greater retention in brain than myocardium. The mean effective dose was in concordance with other 18F labelled tracers at 19.70 ± 2.27 μSv/MBq. The largest absorbed doses were in the liver (52.91 ± 1.46 μGy/MBq) and heart wall (43.94 ± 12.88 μGy/MBq) for standard man and the liver (61.66 ± 13.61 μGy/MBq) and lungs (40.93 ± 3.11 μGy/MBq) for standard woman. The absorbed dose to all organs, most notably, the red bone marrow (20.03 ± 2.89 μGy/MBq) was sufficiently low to ensure no toxicity after numerous follow-up procedures.

Conclusions
The radiation dose associated with an administration of F-DEX is comparable to that of other 18F labelled tracers such as FDG (19.0 μSv/MBq) and lower than tracers used for SPECT imaging of muscarinic receptors (I-DEX 28.5 μSv/MBq). Clinical use would likely result in an effective dose less than 4 mSv for the ICRP 133 standard phantoms after dose optimisation allowing justification for numerous follow-up procedures. Recent results from first in-human studies and a comparatively low radiation dose make F-DEX an attractive option for future applications of imaging muscarinic receptors in the brain. Further investigation of the potential of F-DEX for imaging parasympathetic innervation of the heart may be warranted.
A pilot QI primary care practice program to help reduce infant mortality risks
Authors: Gittelman Michael A. , Fluitt Kristen , Anzeljc Samantha , RajanBabu Arun , Carle Adam C. , Arnold Melissa Wervey , Mahabee-Gittens E. Melinda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and inappropriate sleep position/environments contribute to preventable infant deaths. The objective of our quality improvement (QI) program was to increase primary care provider (PCP) screening and counseling for TSE and safe sleep risks at well-child visits (WCVs) and to assess caregiver behavior changes at subsequent visits.MethodsPediatric practices, recruited from the Ohio Chapter, American Academy of Pediatrics’ database, self-selected to participate in this TSE and safe sleep PCP QI program. At every WCV over a 10-month period, caregivers with children < 1 year old were to be screened and counseled by providers. Caregiver demographics, TSE, and safe sleep practices were assessed. Individual PCP results were paired with subsequent family screening tools at follow up visits to determine changes in TSE and safe sleep practices. Differences in frequencies were determined and paired t-tests were used to compare means.ResultsFourteen practices (60 providers) participated; 7289 screens were completed: 3972 (54.5%) initial screens and 1769 (24.3%) subsequent WCV screens. Caregivers on the initial screen were primarily white (61.7%), mothers (86.0%) with public insurance (41.7%). Within the first month after QI program initiation, PCPs TSE screening was during 80% of WCVs, which increased to > 90% by end of the QI program. A total of 637 /3953 (16.1%) screened positive for home TSE on the initial visit: 320/3953 (8.1%) exposed by at least the primary caregivers, and 317/3953 (8.0%) exposed by a home adult smoker (not the identified caregiver). Of caregivers receiving smoking counseling with subsequent follow-up WCV (n = 100), the mean number of cigarettes smoked daily decreased significantly from 10.6 to 4.6 (p = 0.03). Thirty-four percent of caregivers (34/100) reported they quit smoking at their second visit. A total of 1072 (27%) infants screened at risk for inappropriate sleep position or environment at their initial visit. Of these at-risk infants whose caregivers received safe sleep counseling, 49.1% practiced safer sleep behaviors at follow-up.ConclusionsPCPs participating in a QI program increased screening at WCVs for infant mortality risks. After counseling and providing resources about TSE and safe sleep, many caregivers reported practicing safer behaviors at their next WCV.
Ivosidenib in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1–Mutated Advanced Glioma
Authors: Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Ellingson Benjamin M. , Touat Mehdi , Maher Elizabeth , De La Fuente Macarena I. , Holdhoff Matthias , Cote Gregory M. , Burris Howard , Janku Filip , Young Robert J. , Huang Raymond , Jiang Liewen , Choe Sung , Fan Bin , Yen Katharine , Lu Min , Bowden Chris , Steelman Lori , Pandya Shuchi S. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Wen Patrick Y. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE Diffuse gliomas are malignant brain tumors that include lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and glioblastomas. Transformation of low-grade glioma into a higher tumor grade is typically associated with contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging. Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1) gene occur in most LGGs (> 70%). Ivosidenib is an inhibitor of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) under evaluation in patients with solid tumors. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, open-label, phase I, dose escalation and expansion study of ivosidenib in patients with m IDH1 solid tumors. Ivosidenib was administered orally daily in 28-day cycles. RESULTS In 66 patients with advanced gliomas, ivosidenib was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities reported. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached; 500 mg once per day was selected for the expansion cohort. The grade ≥ 3 adverse event rate was 19.7%; 3% (n = 2) were considered treatment related. In patients with nonenhancing glioma (n = 35), the objective response rate was 2.9%, with 1 partial response. Thirty of 35 patients (85.7%) with nonenhancing glioma achieved stable disease compared with 14 of 31 (45.2%) with enhancing glioma. Median progression-free survival was 13.6 months (95% CI, 9.2 to 33.2 months) and 1.4 months (95% CI, 1.0 to 1.9 months) for the nonenhancing and enhancing glioma cohorts, respectively. In an exploratory analysis, ivosidenib reduced the volume and growth rates of nonenhancing tumors. CONCLUSION In patients with m IDH1 advanced glioma, ivosidenib 500 mg once per day was associated with a favorable safety profile, prolonged disease control, and reduced growth of nonenhancing tumors.
Neoadjuvant Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brohl Andrew S. , Sondak Vernon K. 
Published: June 2020

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.A 78-year-old man presented with rapidly enlarging lymph nodes in the right preauricular region and neck. Needle biopsy revealed a cytokeratin 20–positive, high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasm consistent with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Cross-sectional imaging disclosed a 5.2-cm intraparotid mass and extensive adenopathy in the ipsilateral cervical and submental chains ( Figs 1A and 1C ), without distant metastatic disease. A skin examination did not reveal a primary lesion (hence, stage IIIA, T0N1bM0). The patient’s history was notable for hypertension, diet-controlled diabetes type II, high cholesterol, and a past history of numerous cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas. He was quite active but reported discomfort from the bulk of the tumors. The patient was evaluated by the surgical oncology team, who believed that the parotid mass and cervical adenopathy were technically resectable but that resection carried a substantial risk of morbidity because of the potential need to sacrifice the facial and/or spinal accessory nerves and because of a likely margin-positive (R1 or R2) result. He was referred to the medical oncology team to discuss management options for regionally advanced, “borderline-resectable” MCC.
Insulin Receptors and Intracellular Ca2+ Form a Double-Negative Regulatory Feedback Loop Controlling Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Pomytkin Igor , Pinelis Vsevolod 
Published: June 2020

Since the discovery of insulin and insulin receptors (IR) in the brain in 1978, numerous studies have revealed a fundamental role of IR in the central nervous system and its implication in regulating synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation and depression, neuroprotection, learning and memory, and energy balance. Central insulin resistance has been found in diverse brain disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Impaired insulin signaling in AD is evident in the activation states of IR and downstream signaling molecules. This is mediated by Aβ oligomer-evoked Ca2+ influx by activating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) with Aβ oligomers directly, or indirectly through Aβ-induced release of glutamate, an endogenous NMDAR ligand. In the present opinion article, we highlight evidence that IR and free intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i form a double-negative regulatory feedback loop controlling insulin sensitivity, in which mitochondria play a key role, being involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and IR activation. We found recently that the glutamate-evoked rise in [Ca2+]i inhibits activation of IR and, vice versa, insulin-induced activation of IR inhibits the glutamate-evoked rise in [Ca2+]i. In theory, such a double-negative feedback loop generates bistability. Thus, a stable steady state could exist with high [Ca2+]i and nonactive IR, or with active IR and low [Ca2+]i, but no stable steady state is possible with both high [Ca2+]i and active IR. Such a circuit could toggle between a high [Ca2+]i state and an active IR state in response to glutamate and insulin, respectively. This model predicts that any condition leading to an increase of [Ca2+]i may trigger central insulin resistance and explains why central insulin resistance is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, with which glutamate excitotoxicity is a comorbid condition. The model also predicts that any intervention aiming to maintain low [Ca2+]i may be useful for treating central insulin resistance.
Occupational performance status and reliability of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Daftari Tahereh , Havaei Naser , Rezaei Mandana , Ghalibaf Babak 
Published: June 2020

Background/Aims Cystic fibrosis affects the respiratory system and may interfere with an individual's occupational performance. This study intended to evaluate the reliability of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in children with cystic fibrosis and to compare the occupational performance of children with cystic fibrosis to that of healthy participants. Methods A total of 21 children with cystic fibrosis were included in the reliability and comparison phases of this study and 30 healthy children were recruited for the comparison phase. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure was used to collect data on occupational performance and satisfaction. Intraclass correlation coefficients and standard error measurements were obtained to evaluate the reliability of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. An independent t-test was used to compare the occupational performance of the two groups. Results The test–retest reliability using a 7-day interval was 0.86–0.87 (standard error: 1.79–1.91). The agreement between therapists' scores for inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.87 to 0.90 (standard error: 1.44–1.68). There was a significant difference in performance subscale scores between children with cystic fibrosis and healthy children (P<0.05). There was no significant between-group difference in satisfaction scores. Conclusions The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure is a reliable tool for evaluating the occupational performance of children with cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis directly and indirectly affects occupational performance. Children with cystic fibrosis and their parents may require help and education in the performance and organisation of activities and occupations.
Clinical evaluation of polyabsorbent TLC-NOSF dressings on chronic wounds: a prospective, observational, multicentre study of 1140 patients
Authors: Dissemond Joachim , Lützkendorf Steffen , Dietlein Michael , Neßeler Ingo , Becker Elisa , Möller Udo , Thomassin Laetitia , Bohbot Serge , Münter Karl-Christian 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The superior wound healing properties and cost-effectiveness of TLC-NOSF dressings in the local treatment of chronic wounds have already been demonstrated by several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) at a high quality level. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new TLC-NOSF dressings with polyabsorbent fibres in an unselected population of patients under real-life conditions. Method: A large, prospective, multicentre, observational study with two polyabsorbent TLC-NOSF dressings (UrgoStart Plus Pad and UrgoStart Plus Border, Laboratoires Urgo, France) was conducted in Germany between July 2017 and December 2018. Main outcomes included wound healing rate, clinical assessment of wound healing progression, local tolerability and acceptance of dressings. Results: A total of 1140 patients with chronic wounds of various aetiologies (leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, etc.) were treated with the investigated dressings in 130 centres, for a mean duration of 56±34 days. By the final visit, 48.5% of wounds had healed and 44.8% had improved. Similar results were reported regardless of wound aetiology or regardless of proportions of sloughy and granulation tissue at the start of treatment. According to the subgroup analysis by wound duration, the sooner the TLC-NOSF treatment was initiated, the better the clinical outcomes for all types of wounds. The dressings were very well tolerated and accepted by the patients. Conclusion: These results are consistent with those from RCTs conducted on TLC-NOSF dressings. They complete the evidence on the good healing properties and safety profile of these dressings, especially in non-selected patients treated in current practice, and regardless of the characteristics of wounds and patients. They support the use of the dressings as a first-line intervention and until wound healing in the management of chronic wounds, in association with appropriate standard of care.
The treatment of paediatric burns with concentrated surfactant gel technology: a case series
Authors: Pittinger Timothy P , Curran Danielle , Hermans Michel HE 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of a surfactant-based technology for the management of burns. Method: In a retrospective review, paediatric patients with different types of burns were treated with the gel technology. In some patients, the treatment was combined with a topical antimicrobial agent. Primary objectives of the review were the assessment of healing, healing times and ease of use of the material. Results: The wounds of 15 paediatric patients with different types of burns, particularly with regard to depth and anatomical location, were evaluated using a retrospective chart review. It was found that the surfactant gel technology, with or without the topical antimicrobial agent, assisted in autolytic debridement, and that time to re-epithelialisation was short and within the range of those obtained with other established treatments. Conclusion: The number of patients and wounds in this evaluation is small but the study indicates that the gel technology provides a safe and effective way to treat smaller burns in paediatric patients.
Comparing near infrared spectroscopy and transcutaneous oxygen measurement in hard-to-heal wounds: a pilot study
Authors: Serena Thomas E , Yaakov Raphael , Serena Laura , Mayhugh Timothy , Harrell Khristina 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Oxygen plays an integral role in all phases of the wound healing process and tissue oxygenation is a key determinant of wound healing. A comprehensive evaluation of patients with hard-to-heal wounds must include measurement of oxygenation in and around the area of skin breakdown. The current gold standard, transcutaneous oxygen measurement (TCOM), has numerous drawbacks and as a result has fallen into disuse. Method: This study compared measurement of tissue oxygenation of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with TCOM in patients with acute and hard-to-heal wounds. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the data. The level of agreement between NIRS and TCOM was determined using Bland-Altman analysis. The relationship between TCOM and NIRS was examined using Pearson correlation. Results: A total of 24 observations were obtained from 10 patients using TCOM and NIRS. The weighted mean partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the study population was 39.54mmHg (8.96 standard deviation). Bland–Altman analysis showed that mean difference was positive (18.75), suggesting an overestimation of oxygen measurements using TCOM compared with NIRS. The oxygen levels measured by TCOM and NIRS showed a strong correlation (r=0.74). Conclusion: The wound and hyperbaric community would benefit from a simplified procedure for measuring tissue oxygenation. These findings suggest a strong trend toward correlation between NIRS and TCOM. A further study in a larger population is recommended. NIRS offers several advantages over TCOM. Clinicians have immediate point-of-care visualisation of tissue oxygenation using a handheld device. The procedure takes minutes to perform and is less operator-dependent than TCOM. Finally, NIRS allows measurement of oxygenation in the wound bed, while TCOM does not.
Transformasi Konflik Pasca Perusakan Rumah Ibadat (Studi Kasus Gereja Baptis Indonesia (GBI) Saman Bantul Tahun 2015)
Authors: Ajiyastuti Retno 
Published: June 2020

The issue of the construction of houses of worship in Indonesia often occurs because of rejection. This rejection often occurs because of the rejection of a group of majority religious in a region. Such rejection tends to lead to the emergence of conflicts that have also created various acts of violence experienced in both the escalation phase of the conflict and the de-escalation of the conflict. Conflicts that originate from outgroup, sometimes capable of causing divisions within the group. But over time, the phase de escalation of conflict can lead to an initiative to create sustainable peace. In this article, the author will present a description of the form of violence that occurred in the conflict of destruction of the Baptist Church of Indonesia (GBI) Saman by a group of Islamic organizations and explain how a conflict transformation in managing a post-conflict situation in the Dusun Saman Bantul. The transformation applied through some communicative actions based on the initiative of the member from in group Dusun Saman so as to create a positive peace in post-conflict situation. Keywords: conflict transformation, violence, GBI Saman, conflict Isu pendirian rumah ibadat di Indonesia kerap kali terjadi karena mengalami penolakan. Penolakan ini sering terjadi karena adanya penolakan dari sekelompok umat beragama mayoritas di suatu wilayah. Penolakan tersebut cenderung mengarah pada timbulnya konflik yang menciptakan pula berbagai tindak kekerasan yang dialami dalam fase eskalasi konflik maupun de eskalasi konflik. Dalam artikel ini, penulis akan memaparkan sebuah gambaran mengenai bentuk kekerasan yang terjadi di dalam konflik perusakan Gereja Baptis Indonesia (GBI) Saman oleh sekelompok ormas Islam serta menjelaskan bagaimana sebuah transformasi konflik dalam mengelola sebuah situasi pasca konflik di lingkungan Dusun Saman Bantul.