bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signage as event
Authors: Matras Yaron , Gaiser Leonie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOur aim in this paper is to propose a framework to analyse the relationship between language choice on signs in multilingual environments, place, and notions of ‘community’. We focus on an interpretation of the goals pursued by sign owners, exploring how linguistic (and non-linguistic) resources are mapped onto communicative acts to target addressees and initiate some form of encounter or engagement. We approach signs as complex and multi-layered communicative events that are composed of different illocutionary acts, and take into account the local language ecology and place. We show how signs, as a form of practice, contribute to creating relations between sign owners and addressees, and can thus be constitutive of community.
Multilingual voices of unification in ‘No man’s land’
Authors: Themistocleous Christiana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The island of Cyprus and Nicosia, its capital, have been divided by a UN-controlled buffer zone since the 1974 war. The ease of movement restrictions in 2003 saw Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots crossing into each other’s area after 30 years of complete separation and increased mobility, especially through the UN-controlled buffer zone at the Ledras Street crossing-point in Nicosia, interjected a new dynamic in the area. The analysis of photographic data collected over a period of three years from the Linguistic Landscape of the buffer zone reveals that ephemeral signs in Greek, Turkish, and English are used to establish connections and strengthen social ties between the former enemies, and to project ideologies that go against popular nationalist narratives. By adopting new conceptualisations of the term ‘community’ (Blokland, 2017), this study discusses how a new, imagined community can emerge in conflict-ridden contexts through the display of written public signs in the Linguistic Landscape.
Community Ma(r)king in the linguistic landscape of the Ruhr Metropolis
Authors: Ziegler Evelyn , Schmitz Ulrich , Uslucan Haci-Halil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCentral for this paper is the assumption that the Linguistic Landscape is a complex phenomenon that provides an insight not only into practices of symbolic place-making of communities but also into the relation between place, language, and belonging. According toTietz (2002), a community is based on shared norms and attitudes, a collectively binding horizon of values and understanding which also mark the boundaries of a community. Starting from these considerations, we will explore processes of community ma(r)king in the Ruhr Metropolis, Germany, drawing on data collected in the interdisciplinary research projectMetropolenzeichen/Signs of the Metropolis(Ziegler et al., 2018). Our multi-method approach combines data of geocoded digital photographs (N = 25,504) with metalinguistic data collected in on-site interviews (N = 180) and telephone interviews (N = 1,000) to gain a deeper insight into the formation of communities in the Linguistic Landscape of the Ruhr Metropolis.
Silencing CCL8 inhibited the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Dai Shipeng , Zhang Jiangang , Xu Zesheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
C-C motif Chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) has been found in diseases’ pathogenesis. But its molecular mechanism in atherosclerosis (AS) remains to be elucidated. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were stimulated by PDGF-BB to establish cell model. α-SMA in PDGF-BB-stimulated HASMCs was measured by immunofluorescence staining. Relative gene expressions in PDGF-BB-stimulated HASMCs were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. HASMCs proliferation, migration, and cell cycle were assessed by cell counting kit-8, wound-healing assay, and flow cytometry. HASMCs viability was increased after PDGF-BB stimulation, with α-SMA downregulation yet CCL8 upregulation. Silencing CCL8 inhibited PDGF-BB-stimulated HASMCs proliferation and migration, and increased cells percentage in G1 phases but decreased those in S phase. Also, silencing CCL8 decreased OPN and cyclinD1 expressions and AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation while increased those of α-SMA and Sm22α. However, upregulating CCL8 led to opposite effects, suggesting CCL8 could be an atherosclerosis therapeutic target.
Monitoring HSP70 exosomes in cancer patients’ follow up: a clinical prospective pilot study
Authors: Chanteloup Gaëtan , Cordonnier Marine , Isambert Nicolas , Bertaut Aurélie , Hervieu Alice , Hennequin Audrey , Luu Maxime , Zanetta Sylvie , Coudert Bruno , Bengrine Leila , Desmoulins Isabelle , Favier Laure , Lagrange Aurélie , Pages Pierre‐Benoit , Gutierrez Ivan , Lherminier Jeanine , Avoscan Laure , Jankowski Clémentine , Rébé Cédric , Chevriaux Angélique , Padeano Marie‐Martine , Coutant Charles , Ladoire Sylvain , Causeret Sylvain , Arnould Laurent , Charon‐Barra Céline , Cottet Vanessa , Blanc Julie , Binquet Christine , Bardou Marc , Garrido Carmen , Gobbo Jessica 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTExosomes are nanovesicles released by all cells that can be found in the blood. A key point for their use as potential biomarkers in cancer is to differentiate tumour‐derived exosomes from other circulating nanovesicles. Heat shock protein‐70 (HSP70) has been shown to be abundantly expressed by cancer cells and to be associated with bad prognosis. We previously showed that exosomes derived from cancer cells carried HSP70 in the membrane while those from non‐cancerous cells did not. In this work, we opened a prospective clinical pilot study including breast and lung cancer patients to determine whether it was possible to detect and quantify HSP70 exosomes in the blood of patients with solid cancers. We found that circulating exosomal HSP70 levels, but not soluble HSP70, reflected HSP70 content within the tumour biopsies. Circulating HSP70 exosomes increased in metastatic patients compared to non‐metastatic patients or healthy volunteers. Further, we demonstrated that HSP70‐exosome levels correlated with the disease status and, when compared with circulating tumour cells, were more sensitive tumour dissemination predictors. Finally, our case studies indicated that HSP70‐exosome levels inversely correlated with response to the therapy and that, therefore, monitoring changes in circulating exosomal HSP70 might be useful to predict tumour response and clinical outcome.
Radiation exposure to allied health personnel handling blood specimens from patients receiving radioactive iodine-131 and recombinant human TSH (thyrogen®) stimulation
Authors: Sarah Tai Beishan , Peiling Yang , Loo Tiew Puay , Ming Wong Yen , Yien Ling Sing , Soon Tay Young , Loke Kelvin S H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With increasing use of recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) stimulation protocol in radioactive iodine-131 treatment of thyroidectomised differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), there is increasing concern regarding radiation safety during collection and processing of radioactive blood samples. Our study aims to quantify this radiation exposure in the context of current radiation guidelines to provide a practical safety framework. We analysed 45 patients prospectively referred to a tertiary centre in Singapore, who had histologically proven DTC, and who were thyroidectomised and planned for I-131 with rhTSH stimulation. Each patient received rhTSH for two consecutive days, with I-131 administered 24 h after, and a stimulated Thyroglobulin blood sample collected and processed 72 h after the last rhTSH dose. We measured radiation exposures with dosimeters. Based on the average and maximum exposure rates calculated, we extrapolated and derived the number of radioactive blood samples that could be safely collected and processed. Mean hand and body radiation exposures during venepuncture and blood processing were generally significantly higher than background radiation. Based on average exposure rates, the permissible number of blood samples that can be collected and processed is 9.09 × 103 per year (24 per day) and 8.70 × 104 per year (238 per day), respectively. This is the first study to date to extrapolate permissible thresholds that can serve as a practical guideline to the number of radioactive blood samples which can be safely collected and processed, following radioactive iodine therapy, within the limits of current radiation guidelines. Once validated, generalisations to other radioactive therapies may be considered.
Charge order and Mott insulating ground states in small-angle twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Klug Markus J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, we determine states of electronic order of small-angle twisted bilayer graphene. Ground states are determined for weak and strong couplings which are representatives for varying distances of the twist-angle from its magic value. In the weak-coupling regime, charge density waves emerge which break translational and C
3-rotational symmetry. In the strong coupling-regime, we find rotational and translational symmetry breaking Mott insulating states for all commensurate moiré band fillings. Depending on the local occupation of superlattice sites hosting up to four electrons, global spin-(ferromagnetic) and valley symmetries are also broken which may give rise to a reduced Landau level degeneracy as observed in experiments for commensurate band fillings. The formation of those particular electron orders is traced back to the important role of characteristic non-local interactions which connect all localized states belonging to one hexagon formed by the AB- and BA-stacked regions of the superlattice.
4D Biofabrication of fibrous artificial nerve graft for neuron regeneration
Authors: Apsite Indra , Constante Gissela , Dulle Martin , Vogt Lena , Caspari Anja , Boccaccini Aldo R , Synytska Alla , Salehi Sahar , Ionov Leonid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the application of the 4D biofabrication approach for the fabrication of artificial nerve graft. Bilayer scaffolds consisting of uniaxially aligned polycaprolactone-poly(glycerol sebacate) (PCL-PGS) and randomly aligned methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA-MA) fibers were fabricated using electrospinning and further used for the culture of PC-12 neuron cells. Tubular structures form instantly after immersion of fibrous bilayer in an aqueous buffer and the diameter of obtained tubes can be controlled by changing bilayer parameters such as the thickness of each layer, overall bilayer thickness, and medium counterion concentration. Designed scaffolds showed a self-folded scroll-like structure with high stability after four weeks of real-time degradation. The significance of this research is in the fabrication of tuneable tubular nerve guide conduits that can simplify the current existing clinical treatment of neural injuries.
Patterns of maximally entangled states within the algebra of biquaternions
Authors: Obojska Lidia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a description of maximally entangled bipartite states within the algebra of biquaternions–

C
⨂
H

. We assume that a bipartite entanglement is created in a process of splitting one particle into a pair of two indiscernible, yet not identical particles. As a result, we describe an entangled correlation by the use of a division relation and obtain twelve forms of biquaternions, representing pure maximally entangled states. Additionally, we obtain other patterns, describing mixed entangled states. Finally, we show that there are no other maximally entangled states in

C
⨂
H

than those presented in this work.
Weak discrete maximum principle of finite element methods in convex polyhedra
Authors: Leykekhman Dmitriy , Li Buyang 
Published: May 2020

We prove that the Galerkin finite element solution

u
h

u_h

of the Laplace equation in a convex polyhedron

Ω
\varOmega

, with a quasi-uniform tetrahedral partition of the domain and with finite elements of polynomial degree

r
⩾
1

r\geqslant 1

, satisfies the following weak maximum principle:

‖

u

h

‖

L

∞

(
Ω
)

⩽
C

‖

u

h

‖

L

∞

(
∂
Ω
)

,

\begin{align*} \left \|u_{h}\right \|_{L^{\infty }(\varOmega )} \leqslant C\left \|u_{h}\right \|_{L^{\infty }(\partial \varOmega )} , \end{align*}

with a constant

C
C

independent of the mesh size

h
h

. By using this result, we show that the Ritz projection operator

R
h

R_h

is stable in

L
∞

L^\infty

norm uniformly in

h
h

for

r
≥
2

r\geq 2

, i.e.,

‖

R
h

u

‖

L

∞

(
Ω
)

⩽
C
‖
u

‖

L

∞

(
Ω
)

.

\begin{align*} \|R_hu\|_{L^{\infty }(\varOmega )} \leqslant C\|u\|_{L^{\infty }(\varOmega )} . \end{align*}

Thus we remove a logarithmic factor appearing in the previous results for convex polyhedral domains.
Attracting, recruiting and retaining nurses and care workers working in care homes: the need for a nuanced understanding informed by evidence and theory
Authors: Devi Reena , Goodman Claire , Dalkin Sonia , Bate Angela , Wright Judy , Jones Liz , Spilsbury Karen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The care home sector relies on nurses and care workers to deliver care to residents living with frailty and complex needs. However, attracting, recruiting and retaining staff is one of the biggest challenges facing this sector. There is evidence available that describes factors that influence staff decisions to join and/or remain in the care home workforce, for example, individual rewards (such as feeling valued at work or training opportunities), relationships with colleagues and residents, supportive management or working arrangements (including flexible hours). However, it is less clear how different strategies are informed by evidence to improve recruitment and retention. Care homes are heterogeneous in terms of their size, staffing levels and mix, staff age groups, geographical location and working conditions. What matters to different members of the care home workforce will vary across nurses and care workers of different ages and levels of qualification or experience. Recognising this diversity is key: understanding how to attract, recruit and retain staff needs to discriminate and offer solutions that address this diversity. This important area of practice does not lend itself to a ‘one-approach-fits-all’ solution. This commentary provides a brief overview of known workforce challenges for the care home sector and argues for studies that use empirical evidence to test different theories of what might work for different staff, how and why, and in different circumstances.
Colony dynamics and Plant Community Associations of the Harvester Ant, Pogonomyrmex salinus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Sagebrush-Steppe Habitat
Authors: Robertson Ian C , Robertson Wilma G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present the results of a 5-yr field study on colony dynamics and plant community associations of Owyhee harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex salinus (Olsen), in sagebrush-steppe habitat in southwestern Idaho. Over a 5-yr period, the total number of ant colonies across 16 sites increased from 843 to 878 (4.15%) as a result of 315 colony deaths and 350 colony initiations. Up to 7.1% of colony initiations may have been instances of nest relocation. Colonies had a higher rate of failure in their first year than in subsequent years (12.4 vs 4.6–8.4% over the next 3 yr). Of the 11 sites analyzed for colony dispersion, one was significantly clumped and the others did not differ from random. Population density in the final year of study ranged from 0.1 to 62.9 colonies/ha and was best described by an inverse relationship with sagebrush cover and positive relationship with coverage of non-Bromus (non-cheatgrass) understory vegetation. We interpret these results both in terms of 1) food resources—harvester ants avoid cheatgrass seeds in their diet, preferring instead small-seeded grasses and forbs, and 2) habitat structure—harvester ants prefer nesting in open areas where the ground is exposed to sun and they can clear vegetation from the vicinity of their nests. Given the habitat associations we report, the transition from sagebrush-dominated habitat to open grasslands that is occurring rapidly throughout much of the western United States may prove costly to native plant species whose seeds are readily consumed by harvester ants.
Learning Spillovers in Conditional Welfare Programmes: Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Brollo Fernanda , Maria Kaufmann Katja , La Ferrara Eliana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We study spillovers in learning about the enforcement of Bolsa Familia, a programme conditioning benefits on children’s school attendance. Using original administrative data, we find that individuals’ compliance responds to penalties incurred by their classmates and by siblings’ classmates (in other grades/schools). As the severity of penalties increases with repeated noncompliance, the response is larger when peers are punished for ‘higher stages' than the family’s, consistent with learning. Individuals also respond to penalties experienced by neighbours who are exogenously scheduled to receive notices on the same day. Our results point to social multiplier effects of enforcement via learning.
Can People form Links to Efficiently Access Information?
Authors: Caria A Stefano , Fafchamps Marcel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We investigate how individuals form social connections to access information. In our link formation game of one-way flows, the myopic best response is to link to the node with the highest informational reach, which depends on indirect links. This strategy leads to the efficient circle network. We find that myopic best response predicts the links that subjects form. However, some subjects target high-degree nodes instead, neglecting indirect connections. This reduces network efficiency. We obtain similar findings when subjects link to transfer information to others. Using a minimal group treatment, we also find evidence of in-group homophily in link formation.
Early and mid-term outcomes of total repair of tetralogy of Fallot through a right subaxillary thoracotomy
Authors: An Guoying , Yang Weiwei , Zheng Shanguang , Wang Weixin , Huang Jian , Zhang Hongyu , Cheng Qianjin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to investigate the safety, feasibility and early and mid-term outcomes of total repair of elective tetralogy of Fallot through a right subaxillary thoracotomy.

METHODS
Between May 2010 and September 2015, a retrospective review of patients with elective tetralogy of Fallot undergoing primary repair through a right subaxillary thoracotomy was performed. This study included 47 patients [27 males, 20 females; the mean age of 1.7 ± 1.5 years (ranging from 3 to 106 months); body weight of 9.7 ± 2.8 kg (ranging from 5 to 16 kg); McGoon ratio ≥1.5]. The ventricular septal defects were approached through a right atriotomy in 30 patients, a right ventriculotomy in 8 patients and the combination of a right atriotomy and ventriculotomy in 9 patients. Transannular and non-transannular patches were used in 20 and 27 patients, respectively.

RESULTS
There was 1 operative death (2.1%), and the others recovered uneventfully. The median cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping times was 79 ± 20.8 (45–136) and 50 ± 15.7 (25–94) min, respectively. The mechanical ventilation time, length of intensive care unit and postoperative hospital stay were 0.9 ± 0.6, 2.6 ± 1.1 and 10.7 ± 2.7 days, respectively. The main complications involved low cardiac output syndrome in 5 patients, arrhythmia in 6 patients, pulmonary infection in 4 patients, small residual shunt in 2 patients, mild residual right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 2 patients, mild tricuspid regurgitation in 3 patients and atelectasis in 1 patient. The mean follow-up time was 82 ± 22.0 months, and no late deaths occurred during the follow-up. One (2.1%) patient received reintervention for residual significant pulmonary artery stenosis. That was in addition to 2 (4.3%) patients having mild residual right ventricular outflow tract, 1 (2.1%) patient with moderate tricuspid regurgitation and 3 (6.4%) patients with moderate pulmonary valve regurgitation to be followed up.

CONCLUSIONS
The right subaxillary thoracotomy, providing a safe and feasible alternative, can be performed with a low mortality rate and satisfactory early and mid-term outcomes for total repair of elective tetralogy of Fallot.
Silent rain: does the atmosphere-mediated connectivity between microbiomes influence bacterial evolutionary rates?
Authors: Jalasvuori Matti 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Air carries a vast number of bacteria and viruses over great distances all the time. This leads to continuous introduction of foreign genetic material to local, established microbial communities. In this perspective, I ask whether this silent rain may have a slowing effect on the overall evolutionary rates in the microbial biosphere. Arguably, the greater the genetic divergence between gene ‘donors’ and ‘recipients’, the greater the chance that the gene product has a deleterious epistatic interaction with other gene products in its genetic environment. This is due to the long-term absence of check for mutual compatibility. As such, if an organism is extensively different from other bacteria, genetic innovations are less probable to fit to the genome. Here, genetic innovation would be anything that elevates the fitness of the gene vehicle (e.g. bacterium) over its contemporaries. Adopted innovations increase the fitness of the compatible genome over incompatible ones, thus possibly tempering the pace at which mutations accumulate in existing genomes over generations. I further discuss the transfer of bacteriophages through atmosphere and potential effects that this may have on local dynamics and perhaps phage survival.
Effect of Temperature on the Survival and Developmental Rate of Immature Ooencyrtus mirus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Authors: Power Nancy A , Ganjisaffar Fatemeh , Perring Thomas M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) is an invasive pest of cole crops in the southwestern United States. To find potential biocontrol agents of B. hilaris, three egg parasitoids were imported from Pakistan, including Ooencyrtus mirus, a recently described uniparental species. We investigated the effect of temperature on survival and developmental rate in O. mirus from egg to adult. At 14 and 16°C, no adults emerged unless the immatures were transferred later to a warmer temperature. At constant 18°C, a low percentage emerged, but again more emerged if the immatures were transferred to a warmer temperature. Survival ranged from 80 to 96% at 20–37°C and did not differ significantly among these temperatures. No adults emerged at 38°C. Regardless of the amount of time the parasitized eggs were held at 14 and 16°C, the developmental times after returning the eggs to 26°C were similar, suggesting a quiescence process rather than simply slow development. At higher temperatures, the developmental rate increased linearly from 18 to 36°C and then declined at 37°C. The Wang model provided the best fit of the data and estimated a lower developmental threshold at 13.0°C, an optimal temperature at 35.6°C, and an upper developmental threshold of 38.3°C. The thermal constant for total immature development is 168.4 degree-days. The results show 36°C to be the best temperature for rearing O. mirus, and that O. mirus-parasitized eggs can be stored at 14°C for months without losing viability. These are crucial data to consider when mass rearing this biological control agent.