bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEDIATRIC ELBOW COLLATERAL AND ANNULAR LIGAMENT ANATOMY: A CT-BASED CADAVERIC STUDY
Authors: Stavinoha Tyler J. , Cannamela Peter C. , Ganley Theodore J. , Shea Kevin G. 
Published: April 2020

Background: The medial and lateral ligamentous complexes of the elbow provide static restraint to the elbow and serve as important components of posteromedial and posterolateral rotatory instability. Many collateral ligament and medial epicondylar injuries require surgical repair in those with open physes. Little is known about the anatomy of the pediatric elbow and the relationship between these ligaments and physes. Purpose: To evaluate the anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament complex, lateral ulnar collateral ligament, annular ligament, and relationships to the joint surfaces and physes. Methods: Two cadaveric elbows from a 3 year-old donor were dissected. Collateral and annular ligaments were isolated and left intact at their osseous attachment. Pins were placed at the origins and insertions and CT scans were used to establish precise anatomic relationships. All dissections and measurements were performed by a single orthopedic surgeon with specialization in pediatric sports medicine. Results: The MUCL origin was a mean 4.10 mm distal and anterior to the medial epicondyle, 10.09 mm from the distal humeral articular surface, and 9.01 mm distal to the medial physis. The distal insertion of the MUCL spanned a mean 3.09 mm and was posterior and medial to the sublime tubercle. In the longitudinal axis, the MUCL insertion footprint spanned the tubercle. The origin was a mean 1.20 mm proximal to the sublime tubercle and the distal extent averaged 2.53 mm distal to the tubercle. The center of the MUCL insertional footprint was 0.38 mm distal to the tubercle. The center of the MUCL was 3.87 mm from the olecranon articular surface. The annular ligament had consistent medial and lateral attachments to the ulna. Distance from the annular ligament attachments to the tip of the coronoid averaged 4.6 mm (4.46 & 4.74 lateral and medial for left; 4.80 & 5.27 lateral and medial for right). The LUCL origin was distal and anterior to the lateral epicondyle. It was 3.43 mm from the lateral epicondyle, 7.51 mm from the articular surface and 0.74 mm distal to the physis. Conclusions: This study is the first to describe anatomy of the elbow collateral and annular ligaments in pediatric cadaveric specimens, through a reliable, CT-based identification method. Knowledge of the precise ligamentous attachments and relationships to the physis and to the joint surface is important for reconstructive procedures. A better understanding of these relationships may assist with surgical planning that preserves adjacent physeal growth regions.
ALTERED BRAIN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY FOLLOWING A SEASON OF COMPETITIVE FEMALE HIGH SCHOOL SOCCER AND THE EFFECT OF A JUGULAR VEIN COMPRESSION COLLAR: A NETWORK-BASED STATISTICS ANALYSIS
Authors: Dudley Jonathan A. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Yuan Weihong , Foss Kim D. Barber , DiCesare Christopher A. , Logan Kelsey , Leach James L. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Cumulative exposure to repetitive sub-concussive head impacts in contact sports may have deleterious effects on brain function, even in the absence of acute symptoms. Moreover, anatomical and biomechanical factors may predispose female athletes to higher risk compared to males. At present, there is no effective injury prevention strategy to protect female athletes from sports-related head impact. Hypothesis/Purpose: (1). We aimed to use resting-state fMRI to investigate the effect of a full season of competitive soccer on brain functional network integrity in female high school athletes. (2). We also aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a jugular vein compression neck collar device, designed to mitigate potential injury by reducing the brain slosh effect. Methods: A total of 125 high school female soccer athletes were included in this study. These athletes were assigned randomly to a non-collar (n=55, age=16.06±1.06 yrs) or collar group (n=70, 15.81±0.95 yrs) before the season started. High resolution 3D T1-weighted images and resting-state fMRI data were collected prospectively at pre-season and again at post-season. Data processing and analysis were conducted in the MATLAB-based programs Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) and Connectivity Toolbox (Conn). Functional connectivity was computed between each pair of 105 anatomically delineated regions of interest (ROI). Network Based Statistics were applied to detect coherent patterns of altered connectivity from pre- to post-season. Results: The non-collar group showed a significant pattern of altered connectivity (p-FWE = 0.047) spanning 60% of ROIs (63/105) and 1.7% of ROI-ROI connections (94/5,460). 65 of the 94 altered connections were weakened from pre-to-post season and tended to occur in the right hemisphere. 29 of the 94 altered connections were strengthened from pre-to-post season and tended to involve regions in the occipital lobe. The collar group did not show any statistically significant change (p-FWE = 0.223). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that exposure to repetitive sub-concussive head impacts during a single season of competitive female soccer induces changes in brain functional connectivity. The observed increases and decreases of functional connectivity strength comprising the pattern of altered connectivity are congruent with a heterogeneous response to insult wherein some connections are reduced in strength due to neuronal damage and other “detour” connections are strengthened to preserve network function. Comparatively, the absence of alterations in the collar group suggest that the jugular vein compression collar may have generated a potentially protective effect to preserve brain functional network integrity during exposure to head impacts. [Figure: see text]
PROSPECTIVE MEASURES OF INTRA-REGION BRAIN REGULARITY DIFFERENTIATES ACL INJURED AND UNINJURED ATHLETES
Authors: Bonnette Scott , Diekfuss Jed A. , Grooms Dustin R. , Myer Gregory D. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are debilitating for athletes. While numerous motor and biomechanical deficits contribute to the inciting ACL injury mechanism, the limited knowledge about the underlying neural drivers of these deficits has impeded intervention development to reduce ACL injury rates. A prospective investigation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in female soccer players revealed decreased connectivity between the primary somatosensory cortex and cerebellum for athletes that went on to ACL injury athletes compared to their healthy teammates. Although information about inter-region connectivity patterns is informative, this finding does elucidate the individual, intra-region brain activity that may be further underlie ACL injury mechanisms. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the intra-region regularity of the blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal activity in 25 knee-related regions of interests (ROI) between athletes who sustained an ACL injury and matched controls. Methods: Adolescent female soccer athletes were evaluated using fMRI to capture resting-state brain connectivity prior to their competitive season. Two of these athletes (16.0±0yrs, 169.0±2.8cm, 60.1±8.3kg) later experienced an ACL injury and were matched to eight uninjured teammates (15.9±0.8yrs, 164.0±4.9cm, 58.3±7.6kg). Standard fMRI data processing was used to determine resting-state BOLD signal activity in 25 knee-related ROIs. Sample entropy (SampEn) was then used to quantify the regularity of each individual ROI. A lower SampEn value indicates a ROI’s BOLD signal activity was more regular (predictable) and a higher value indicates a signal’s activity was more irregular (unpredictable). T-tests—with a Bonferroni correction for the familywise error rate ( p < .002)—were used to compare SampEn values between both groups for all 25 ROIs. Results: ACL injured athletes ( M = 0.35±0.01) exhibited higher SampEn values in the left primary motor cortex than matched, uninjured athletes ( M = 0.29±0.02; t(8)=4.62, p=.0017, d=3.65). Conclusion: Athletes who sustained an ACL injury exhibited less regularity in BOLD signal activity of the left primary motor cortex. As the primary motor cortex serves as the final destination in the brain before efferent information is sent to the spinal cord to initiate movement, decreased BOLD signal regularity in this region may alter such cortical-spinal transmission. Considering ACL injuries often occur during unpredictable environments, irregular activity of motor cortex activity may dampen an athlete’s ability to sustain a safe knee position. These findings may help to guide development of brain-driven biofeedback training to promote adaptive neuroplasticity that ‘pushes’ the motor cortex towards more regular activity. [Figure: see text]
LONG TERM QUALITY OF LIFE HEALTH OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS RECEIVING ULTRASOUND GUIDED INJECTIONS: PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
Authors: Stracciolini Andrea , Kobelski Greggory , McKee-Proctor Maxwell , Yen Yi-Meng , d’Hemecourt Pierre , Sugimoto Dai 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: Hip pain is a common complaint in athletes of all ages. Hip pathology includes both intra- and peri-articular pain generators. Ultrasound (US) evaluation and guided injections are used in the clinical setting for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, evidence regarding the impact of US-guided injections on quality of life (QoL) health outcomes in patients with hip pain and injury is understudied. PURPOSE: To examine the long-term efficacy of US-guided injections on QoL outcomes in patients presenting to a tertiary level academic hip preservation program. METHODS: Prospective longitudinal study design was used to evaluate 12-55 years old patients with hip pain/pathology. Patients completed a Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) questionnaire at the initial evaluation, 1.5-months, 4.5-months, and 12-months. Main outcome measures included change in QoL HOOS scores. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare patients who received US-guided injections and patients who did not receive US-guided injections over time. Bonferroni pairwise comparison was performed as a post-hoc analysis. RESULTS: A total of 175 patients were included with a mean age of 24.1±9.8 years. There were 104 patients who received US-guided injections while 71 patients did not have US-guided injections. An interaction between US-guided injections over 12-months on QoL scores was identified. QoL increase over time was 6.5 points in patients without US-guided injection compared to 10.0 points in patients who had an US-guided injection ( P=0.040, Figure 1). Main effect of US-guided injections on QoL was not detected ( P=0.276). However, main effect of time on QoL was found ( P=0.003). Bonferroni post-hoc analysis indicated differences between initial evaluation and 1.5 months ( P=0.004, Figure 2), and initial evaluation and 12-months ( P=0.002, Figure 3). CONCLUSION: US-guided injections appeared to improve quality of life outcomes over the 12-month study period. US-guided injections may serve to help patients with hip pain presenting to clinic over time and promote and support non-surgical treatment regimes. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
IDENTIFICATION OF FEMALE ATHLETE TRIAD RISK FACTORS IN HIGH SCHOOL DISTANCE RUNNERS AND PREVALENCE OF IRON SUPPLEMENTATION: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Skorseth Paige , Segovia Nicole , Hastings Katherine , Dingel Aleksei , Kraus Emily 
Published: April 2020

Background: The female athlete triad (Triad) has been associated with increased risk of bone stress injury (BSI) in certain populations. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of Triad risk factors and identify hormonal and extrinsic factors that may influence Triad risk in high school (HS) distance runners. Methods: Thirty-nine female HS distance runners completed a questionnaire, which included disordered eating (DE)/eating disorder (ED), menstrual irregularities, BSI history, and height/weight. Serum labs were obtained, including ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, estradiol, insulin-like growth factor, and free T3. Runners completed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to measure bone mineral density (BMD) using Z-scores that are age, sex and ethnicity-matched. Body fat percentage was also obtained. A risk score was then calculated using energy availability (EA), body mass index (BMI), age of menarche, oligomenorrhea, BMD, and history of BSI. The statistical model used was Spearman correlation coefficient. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The average age was 16.9 years. 76.3% of runners reported history of DE/ED, 23.7% delayed menarche, 45.0% amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. 35.9% had low BMD (Z-score<-1.0) and 15.8% reported prior BSI. Average BMI was 19.8 kg/m2 and average BMI percentile was 36.2. Low free T3 was significantly associated with higher Triad risk scores (Spearman=-0.36, p=0.028). The association of low BMD with low 25-hydroxyvitamin D neared statistical significance (Spearman=0.28, p=0.086). BMD was significantly correlated with body fat percentage and BMI percentile (body fat percentage rs=0.36, p=0.028; BMI percentile rs=0.48, p=0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of individual Triad risk factors in HS distance runners was high, with an alarmingly increased number of athletes with history of DE/ED and over 1/3 of runners with low BMD. Free T3 was inversely associated with Triad risk scores, which may be an indicator of low EA. Proper screening for the Triad in HS runners is imperative to help identify risk factors which may lead to future BSI. Further research is needed on the role of lab assessments in risk stratification. [Table: see text][Table: see text]
Trajectory of the Victims of Overland Transport Accidents: From Prehospital to Hospital Care
Authors: Alencar Neiliane M. , Mota Daiane S. , Fernandes Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença , Mola Rachel 
Published: April 2020

Objective The aim is to evaluate the trajectory of the victims of ground transportation accidents from the prehospital care to the hospital. Methods The sample consisted of 1,264 patients collected from the prehospital care, from June 2015 to June 2016. The trajectory was analyzed by the difference in the average time elapsed between the call and the hospital entrance. The Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used, adopting a significance level of 5% and 95% confidence. Results Patients had a mean age of 31.2 years, Glasgow Coma Scale of 14.8 points, and 24.8 days of hospitalization. It is characterized predominantly masculine, conductive of the vehicle, being the motorcycle prevalent; most of them wore a helmet/seat belt and no alcohol. The association between the average time of care and the characteristics related to the victim was significant: the use of the belt/helmet, alcoholism, and type of discharge and relative to the accident: area of occurrence, period of the week, shift of occurrence, type of prehospital care, and other party involved. Conclusion The characteristics related to ground transportation accident interfere in the time of prehospital care to the hospital, which can influence the prognosis.
Human erythroleukemia genetics and transcriptomes identify master transcription factors as functional disease drivers
Authors: Fagnan Alexandre , Bagger Frederik Otzen , Piqué-Borràs Maria-Riera , Ignacimouttou Cathy , Caulier Alexis , Lopez Cécile K. , Robert Elie , Uzan Benjamin , Gelsi-Boyer Véronique , Aid Zakia , Thirant Cécile , Moll Ute , Tauchmann Samantha , Kurtovic-Kozaric Amina , Maciejewski Jaroslaw , Dierks Christine , Spinelli Orietta , Salmoiraghi Silvia , Pabst Thomas , Shimoda Kazuya , Deleuze Virginie , Lapillonne Hélène , Sweeney Connor , De Mas Véronique , Leite Betty , Kadri Zahra , Malinge Sébastien , de Botton Stéphane , Micol Jean-Baptiste , Kile Benjamin , Carmichael Catherine L. , Iacobucci Ilaria , Mullighan Charles G. , Carroll Martin , Valent Peter , Bernard Olivier A. , Delabesse Eric , Vyas Paresh , Birnbaum Daniel , Anguita Eduardo , Garçon Loïc , Soler Eric , Schwaller Juerg , Mercher Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcute erythroleukemia (AEL or acute myeloid leukemia [AML]-M6) is a rare but aggressive hematologic malignancy. Previous studies showed that AEL leukemic cells often carry complex karyotypes and mutations in known AML-associated oncogenes. To better define the underlying molecular mechanisms driving the erythroid phenotype, we studied a series of 33 AEL samples representing 3 genetic AEL subgroups including TP53-mutated, epigenetic regulator-mutated (eg, DNMT3A, TET2, or IDH2), and undefined cases with low mutational burden. We established an erythroid vs myeloid transcriptome-based space in which, independently of the molecular subgroup, the majority of the AEL samples exhibited a unique mapping different from both non-M6 AML and myelodysplastic syndrome samples. Notably, &gt;25% of AEL patients, including in the genetically undefined subgroup, showed aberrant expression of key transcriptional regulators, including SKI, ERG, and ETO2. Ectopic expression of these factors in murine erythroid progenitors blocked in vitro erythroid differentiation and led to immortalization associated with decreased chromatin accessibility at GATA1-binding sites and functional interference with GATA1 activity. In vivo models showed development of lethal erythroid, mixed erythroid/myeloid, or other malignancies depending on the cell population in which AEL-associated alterations were expressed. Collectively, our data indicate that AEL is a molecularly heterogeneous disease with an erythroid identity that results in part from the aberrant activity of key erythroid transcription factors in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells.
Correction to: Identification of cholesterol-assimilating actinomycetes strain and application of statistical modeling approaches for improvement of cholesterol oxidase production by Streptomyces anulatus strain NEAE-94
Authors: El-Naggar Noura El-Ahmady , El-Shweihy Nancy M. 
Published: April 2020

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in Fig. 2c.
Normative data and psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in a nationally representative Korean population
Authors: Shin Cheolmin , Ko Young-Hoon , An Hyonggin , Yoon Ho-Kyoung , Han Changsu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) has been standardized in several populations and is widely used in clinical practice and health care. However, it has not been appropriately standardized in the Korean general population, and no normative data have been presented. The aim of this study was to provide the normative data and psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 in the nationally representative population of Korea.MethodsWe used the nationwide cross-sectional survey data of Korea from 2014 to 2016. The data of 10,759 individuals aged over 19 years were analyzed in this study. As the distribution of the PHQ-9 scores was not normative, the percentile ranks for raw scores were provided. The survey questionnaires included the PHQ-9, The EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and demographic characteristics. We analyzed the construct validity and internal consistency of the PHQ-9.ResultsThe normative data of the PHQ-9 were generated according to the sex and different age categories. The correlation coefficient between the sum of the PHQ-9 scores and the EQ-5D index was 0.44, which was moderate. The most appropriate model was the two-factor model with five ‘affective-somatic’ labeled items and four ‘cognitive’ labeled items. Cronbach’s α for the PHQ-9 was 0.79.ConclusionsOur result supports reliability and validity with two-factor structure of PHQ-9 for measuring depression in the Korean nationally representative population. The Korean normative data on the PHQ-9 according to percentile rank can assist in interpreting and comparing scores with other populations.
Self-harm among asylum seekers in Australian onshore immigration detention: how incidence rates vary by held detention type
Authors: Hedrick Kyli , Armstrong Gregory , Coffey Guy , Borschmann Rohan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Detained asylum seekers are at increased risk of self-harm, and the type of detention in which they are held may further exacerbate this risk. In Australia, there are four types of closed (or held) immigration detention for people seeking asylum, with varying levels of security and supports: Immigration Detention Centres [IDCs], Immigration Transit Accommodation [ITAs], Immigration Residential Housing [IRH], and Alternative Places of Detention [APODs]. The objective of this study was to examine the variation in the incidence and method(s) of self-harm among asylum seekers in Australian onshore immigration detention, according to the type of detention in which they are held.

Methods
We obtained data on all self-harm incidents reported among asylum seekers in Australian onshore immigration detention according to held detention type, as well as individual facility, between 1 August 2014 and 31 July 2015, by Freedom of Information. We calculated self-harm episode rates per 1000 asylum seekers using the average population figures for held detention type, as well as for each individual facility comprising the main types of held detention. Method(s) used to self-harm was also extracted for the main sub-populations.

Results
The study included 560 episodes of self-harm. Individual facility rates of self-harm ranged from 91 per 1000 asylum seekers (95% CI 72–110) in Yongah Hill IDC to 533 per 1000 asylum seekers (95% CI 487–578) in Perth IDC. On average, calculated self-harm episode rates were highest among asylum seekers in: Immigration Transit Accommodation facilities, 452/1000 (95% CI 410–493); Alternative Places of Detention, 265/1000 (95% CI 233–296); and Immigration Detention Centres, 225/1000 (95% CI 195–254). The most frequently reported methods of self-harm across the main types of held detention were: cutting (35.2%), self-battery (34.8%), and attempted hanging (11.1%).

Conclusions
Self-harm rates for asylum seekers in all types of closed immigration detention were many times higher than rates found in the general population. Average rates were not lower in facilities with lower security features.