bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of ethanol concentration on sensory perception of rums using temporal check‐all‐that‐apply
Authors: Harwood William S. , Parker Megan N. , Drake MaryAnne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAged liquors are appreciated worldwide for their complexity, which is largely influenced by a given product's temporal profile. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of ethanol concentration on temporal sensory perception of dark rums using temporal check‐all‐that‐apply (TCATA). Trained panelists (n = 8) profiled seven commercial aged rums, each at four ethanol concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 40% alcohol by volume, ABV) in quadruplicate. Fourteen attributes were profiled. During TCATA evaluation, panelists first profiled aroma attributes, then in‐mouth flavor attributes, and finished with aftertaste attributes for the rums. Results were compared in terms of differences in citation proportion over the course of sample assessment. Higher ethanol concentration resulted in increased citation proportion and duration of basic taste attributes in rums (p < .05). Flavor attributes including caramel, banana, cherry/almond, cooked apple, and vanilla reached maximum citation proportions at 30% ABV that were not significantly different from 40% ABV. These results suggest that ethanol plays a significant role in the temporal sensory perception of aged rums and that ethanol concentrations typically evaluated by trained panels (~20% ABV) may inaccurately represent certain aspects of commercial rums from a temporal perspective.Practical ApplicationsTemporality is an important part of the consumption experience for high‐ABV products such as aged rums. Knowing how temporal sensory profiles may change when the product is presented at different alcohol levels will provide valuable insight into how rums may be applied in mixed drink or culinary applications. In addition, trained panel profiling of high‐ABV beverages is typically performed at diluted levels. An outline of the differences in dynamic product profiles at different dilutions may serve as a guidance for evaluations where diluted product outcomes are extrapolated to the undiluted commercial product.
Predictive equations of maintenance energy requirement for healthy and chronically ill adult dogs
Authors: Pedrinelli Vivian , Porsani Mariana Yukari Hayasaki , Lima Daniel Magalhães , Teixeira Fabio Alves , Duarte Caio Nogueira , Vendramini Thiago Henrique Annibale , Brunetto Márcio Antonio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMaintenance energy requirement (MER) is the energy amount necessary for dogs to maintain their weight and body condition. Some factors can influence the MER, such as gender, age, neutering status and also diseases. The present retrospective study aimed to evaluate MER of adult dogs with several diseases and compare with the MER of healthy adult dogs, observing the influence of parameters such as body condition score (BCS), neutering status, gender, age, diagnosis and type of food on MER of these dogs. A total of 165 adult dogs with weight changes of ≤5% were included and divided in groups according to diagnosis. Mean MER for healthy dogs was 86.09 kcal/BW0.75, which differed from NRC and FEDIAF recommendations for inactive adult dogs (p = .047). Lowest MERs were of the endocrinopathies (78.52 ± 19.32 kcal/BW0.75), orthopaedic diseases (59.71 ± 19.30 kcal/BW0.75) and neurologic diseases (78.83 ± 32.66 kcal/BW0.75) groups. Gastrointestinal diseases (99.59 ± 20.36 kcal/BW0.75), orthopaedic diseases (59.71 ± 19.30 kcal/BW0.75) and neoplasia (95.61 ± 21.02 kcal/BW0.75) groups were the only groups that differed from the mean MER of healthy adult dogs. Regarding BCS, for each increasing point in a 9‐point scale, there was a decrease of 9.8 kcal/BW0.75 on MER, independent of diagnosis (p < .0001; r2 = .55). There was no difference regarding breed size gender and age, but neutered dogs presented lower MER (p = .031). Based on data obtained from the present study, it can be concluded that it is necessary to consider BCS, age, neutering status and diagnosis when calculating MER, both in healthy dogs and chronically ill dogs.
MicroRNA expression in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with and without cervical spondylomyelopathy
Authors: Vansteenkiste Daniella P. , Fenger Joelle M. , Fadda Paolo , Martin‐Vaquero Paula , da Costa Ronaldo C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOsseous‐associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (OA‐CSM) is a common condition of the cervical vertebral column that affects giant dog breeds. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that regulate gene expression, and recent data suggest that circulating miRNAs present in biological fluids may serve as potential biomarkers for disease. The miRNA profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from healthy dogs and dogs clinically affected by OA‐CSM have not been described.ObjectiveTo characterize the expression levels of miRNAs present in the CSF of normal Great Danes and identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the CSF of Great Danes clinically affected with OA‐CSM.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs: 12 control, 12 OA‐CSM affected.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid samples were collected prospectively. MicroRNA expression was evaluated using the NanoString nCounter platform and quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsWe identified 8 miRNAs with significant differential expression. MiR‐299‐5p and miR‐765 had increased expression levels in the CSF of OA‐CSM‐affected dogs, whereas miR‐494, miR‐612, miR‐302‐d, miR‐4531, miR‐4455, and miR‐6721‐5p had decreased expression levels in OA‐CSM affected dogs compared to clinically normal dogs. Quantitative real‐time PCR was performed to validate the expression levels of 2 miRNAs (miR‐494 and miR‐612), and we found a 1.5‐fold increase in miR‐494 expression and a 1.2‐fold decrease in miR‐612 in the CSF of the OA‐CSM affected group (P = .41 and .89, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceData generated from our study represent an initial characterization of the miRNA profile of normal canine CSF and suggest that a distinct CSF miRNA expression profile is associated with OA‐CSM.
Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nutrition in the United States: A historical perspective
Authors: Robinson Edwin H. , Li Menghe H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough a concerted effort in catfish nutrition research in the United States did not begin until the late 1950s/early 1960s, the genesis of both the catfish industry and catfish nutrition research is rooted in studies conducted early in the 20th century. Thus, a historical view delineating the progression of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, nutrition from 1900 to the present is given. Notable nutrition research programs, as well as significant events and accomplishments, will be examined.
Landscape drivers of genomic diversity and divergence in woodland Eucalyptus
Authors: Murray Kevin D , Janes Jasmine K , Jones Ashley , Bothwell Helen M , Andrew Rose L , Borevitz Justin O 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpatial genetic patterns are influenced by numerous factors, and they can vary even among coexisting, closely related species due to differences in dispersal and selection. Eucalyptus (L'Héritier 1789; the “eucalypts”) are foundation tree species that provide essential habitat and modulate ecosystem services throughout Australia. Here we present a study of landscape genomic variation in two woodland eucalypt species, using whole‐genome sequencing of 388 individuals of Eucalyptus albens and Eucalyptus sideroxylon. We found exceptionally high genetic diversity (π ≈ 0.05) and low genome‐wide, interspecific differentiation (FST = 0.15) and intraspecific differentiation between localities (FST ≈ 0.01–0.02). We found no support for strong, discrete population structure, but found substantial support for isolation by geographic distance (IBD) in both species. Using generalized dissimilarity modelling, we identified additional isolation by environment (IBE). Eucalyptus albens showed moderate IBD, and environmental variables have a small but significant amount of additional predictive power (i.e. IBE). Eucalyptus sideroxylon showed much stronger IBD and moderate IBE. These results highlight the vast adaptive potential of these species and set the stage for testing evolutionary hypotheses of interspecific adaptive differentiation across environments.
Qualitative analysis of European and Middle East intensive care unit nursing death rituals
Authors: Benbenishty Julie , Bennun Maureen , Lind Ranveig 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGrieving and death rituals vary widely across cultures and are often influenced by geographical regions, religions, and local norms. Nursing rituals reflect the forms of cultural behaviour that assist in communicating traditional knowledge and practices. They help nurses maintain social order through cohesion and interaction.Aim and objectivesExploration of European and Middle Eastern intensive care nursing ceremonies and rituals surrounding care provided to patients after death has been carried out. The key question researchers asked was “Can you describe your practice of caring for a patient who has died?”DesignProspective qualitative thematic analysis.MethodsThis study used a prospective qualitative thematic analysis investigating nursing practice and rituals when caring for patients who have died in intensive care. The interviews were conducted face‐to‐face with nurses consenting to be interviewed for research purposes. During the interviews, researchers noted sentences and topics, which they later classified into categories and subcategories. The interview settings were international and national conferences, workshops, meetings, and seminars over a 2‐year period. Thematic analysis was performed. This analysis allowed the researchers to understand and make sense of collective meanings and experiences of participants.ResultsA total of 23 interviews with critical care nurses from 16 countries in Europe and Middle East were conducted. Through reflective and meaningful analytical interpretation, two main themes (with subthemes) emerged: sacredness and dignity. More similarities than differences among the nurses' experiences were found. Rituals included, opening a window, lighting a candle, blessing the deceased, and bereaving with the family.ConclusionsPost‐death ritual reflects local guidelines regulating the handling of the deceased body, culturally approved expressions of mourning, and acts to perform at specific times following death. Nursing rituals expressed here demonstrated the dignity, wherein nurses show towards the deceased and relationships between deceased and bereaved.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe investigators perceived nursing culture, beliefs, ceremonies, and rituals surrounding caring for patients who have died to be creative, spiritual, meaningful, and relevant for nurses.
Moral torch fishing: A signaling theory of blame
Authors: Shoemaker David , Vargas Manuel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is notable that all of the leading theories of blame have to employ ungainly fixes to deflect one or more apparent counterexamples. What these theories share is a content‐based theory of blame's nature. Such approaches overlook or ignore blame's core unifying feature, namely, itsfunction, which is to signal the blamer's commitment to a set of norms. In this paper, we present the problems with the extant theories and then explain what signaling is, how it functions in blame, why appealing to it resolves the problems in other theories, what the signaling function implies for a wider range of gray‐area cases, and what the larger significance is of blame's core function for interpersonal interactions in a variety of (non‐moral) normative domains.
Comparison of flow‐FISH and MM–qPCR telomere length assessment techniques for the screening of telomeropathies
Authors: Ferreira Monica S. Ventura , Kirschner Martin , Halfmeyer Insa , Estrada Natalia , Xicoy Blanca , Isfort Susanne , Vieri Margherita , Zamora Lurdes , Abels Anne , Bouillon Anne‐Sophie , Begemann Matthias , Schemionek Mirle , Maurer Angela , Koschmieder Steffen , Wilop Stefan , Panse Jens , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Beier Fabian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAssessment of telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood leukocytes is part of the diagnostic algorithm applied to patients with acquired bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFSs) and dyskeratosis congenita (DKC). Monochrome multiplex–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MM–qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (flow‐FISH) are methodologies available for TL screening. Dependent on TL expressed in relation to percentiles of healthy controls, further genetic testing for inherited mutations in telomere maintenance genes is recommended. However, the correct threshold to trigger this genetic workup is still under debate. Here, we prospectively compared MM–qPCR and flow‐FISH regarding their capacity for accurate identification of DKC patients. All patients (n = 105) underwent genetic testing by next‐generation sequencing and in 16 patients, mutations in DKC‐relevant genes were identified. Whole leukocyte TL of patients measured by MM–qPCR was found to be moderately correlated with lymphocyte TL measured by flow‐FISH (r² = 0.34; P < 0.0001). The sensitivity of both methods was high, but the specificity of MM–qPCR (29%) was significantly lower compared with flow‐FISH (58%). These results suggest that MM–qPCR of peripheral blood cells is inferior to flow‐FISH for clinical routine screening for suspected DKC in adult patients with BMFS due to lower specificity and a higher rate of false‐positive results.
The control of red colour by a family of MYB transcription factors in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits
Authors: Wang Hua , Zhang Hui , Yang Yuan , Li Maofu , Zhang Yuntao , Liu Jiashen , Dong Jing , Li Jie , Butelli Eugenio , Xue Zhen , Wang Aimin , Wang Guixia , Martin Cathie , Jin Wanmei 
Published: October 2019

SummaryOctoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is a model plant for research and one of the most important non‐climacteric fruit crops throughout the world. The associations between regulatory networks and metabolite composition were explored for one of the most critical agricultural properties in octoploid strawberry, fruit colour. Differences in the levels of flavonoids are due to the differences in the expression of structural and regulatory genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying differences in fruit colour were compared between red and white octoploid strawberry varieties. FaMYB genes had combinatorial effects in determining the red colour of fruit through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in response to the increase in endogenous ABA at the final stage of fruit development. Analysis of alleles of FaMYB10 and FaMYB1 in red and white strawberry varieties led to the discovery of a white‐specific variant allele of FaMYB10, FaMYB10‐2. Its coding sequence possessed an ACTTATAC insertion in the genomic region encoding the C‐terminus of the protein. This insertion introduced a predicted premature termination codon, which suggested the loss of intact FaMYB10 protein playing a critical role in the loss of red colour in white octoploid strawberry.
Heteromorphic seeds of wheat wild relatives show germination niche differentiation
Authors: Gianella M. , Balestrazzi A. , Pagano A. , Müller J. V. , Kyratzis A. C. , Kikodze D. , Canella M. , Mondoni A. , Rossi G. , Guzzon F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Crop wild relatives are fundamental genetic resources for crop improvement. Wheat wild relatives often produce heteromorphic seeds that differ in morphological and physiological traits. Several Aegilops and Triticum species possess, within the same spikelet, a dimorphic seed pair, with one seed being larger than the other. A comprehensive analysis is needed to understand which traits are involved in seed dimorphism and if these aspects of variation in dimorphic pairs are functionally related.

To this end, dispersal units of Triticum urartu and five Aegilops species were X‐rayed and the different seed morphs weighed. Germination tests were carried out on seeds, both dehulled and left in their dispersal units. Controlled ageing tests were performed to detect differences in seed longevity among seed morphs, and the antioxidant profile was assessed in terms of antioxidant compounds equipment and expression of selected antioxidant genes. We used PCA to group seed morphs sharing similar patterns of germination traits, longevity estimates and antioxidant profile.

Different seed morphs differed significantly in terms of mass, final germination, germination timing, longevity estimates and antioxidant profile in most of the tested species. Small seeds germinated slower, had lower germination when left in their dispersal units, a higher antioxidant potential and were longer‐lived than large seeds. The antioxidant gene expression varied between morphs, with different patterns across species but not clearly reflecting the phenotypic observations.

The results highlight different trait trade‐offs in dimorphic seeds of Aegilops and T. urartu, affecting their germination phenology and longevity, thereby resulting in recruitment niche differentiation.
Values clarification: Eliciting the values that inform and influence parents' treatment decisions for periviable birth
Authors: Tucker Edmonds Brownsyne , Hoffman Shelley M. , Laitano Tatiana , Bhamidipalli Surya Sruthi , Jeffries Erin , Fadel William , Kavanaugh Karen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundValues clarification can assist families facing the threat of periviable delivery in navigating the complexity of competing values related to death, disability, and quality of life (QOL).ObjectiveWe piloted values clarification exercises to inform resuscitation decision making and qualitatively assess perceptions of QOL.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐method study of women with threatened periviable delivery (22 0/7‐24 6/7 weeks) and their important others (IOs). Participants engaged in three values clarification activities as part of a semi‐structured interview—(a) Card sorting nine conditions as an acceptable/unacceptable QOL for a child; (b) Rating/ranking seven common concerns in periviable decision making (scale 0‐10, not at all to extremely important); and (c) “Agreed/disagreed” with six statements regarding end‐of‐life treatment, disability, and QOL. Participants were also asked to define “QOL” and describe their perceptions of a good and poor QOL for their child. Analysis was conducted using SAS version 9.4 and NVivo 12.ResultsAll mild disabilities were an acceptable QOL, while two‐thirds of participants considered long‐term mechanical ventilation unacceptable. Although pregnant women rated “Impact on Your Physical/Mental Health” (average 5.6) and IOs rated “Financial Concerns” the highest (average 6.6), both groups ranked “Financial Concerns” as the most important concern (median 5.0 and 6.0, respectively). Most participants agreed that “Any amount of life is better than no life at all” (pregnant women 62.1%; IOs 75.0%) and disagreed that resuscitation would cause “Too much suffering” for their child (pregnant women 71.4%; IOs 80.0%). Half were familiar with the phrase “QOL”. Although the majority described a good QOL in terms of emotional well‐being (eg “loved”, “happy”, “supported”), a poor QOL was described in terms of functionality (eg “dependent” and “confined”). Additionally, financial stability emerged as a distinctive theme when IOs discussed poor QOL.ConclusionThe study offers important insights on parental perspectives in periviable decision making and potential values clarification tools for decision support.
Assessment of cognitive ability at conscription for the Danish army: Is a single total score sufficient?
Authors: Nielsen Tine , Kreiner Svend , Teasdale Thomas W. 
Published: October 2019

Børge Priens Prøve (BPP) was developed for the Danish Army by psychologist Børge Prien in the 1950s, as a test of general cognitive ability for use at conscription for the Danish armed forces. The finalBPP(1957) had four subtests; a Raven‐like matrix subtest, and three subtests measuring verbal, numerical, and visuospatial ability. TheBPPis a speeded test counting the number of correct responses within 45 minutes. Thus, we consider theBPPas a measure of “cognitive efficiency” rather than a pure measure of cognitive ability. TheBPPis still in use.Using techniques available in 1960, Rasch concluded that the matrices and numerical tests appeared to satisfy the requirements of the Rasch (Probabilistic models for some intelligence and attainment tests, Danish Institute for Educational Research, Copenhagen; 1960) model, while the verbal and visuospatial tests did not. Since then, there have been, to our knowledge, no published studies of the psychometric scaling properties of theBPP, partly because the practice of the Danish draft board has been to record only the total score. We examine these properties by analysis of data from two cohorts (n = 9,491), using the Leunbach (A probabilistic measurement model for assessing whether two tests measure the same personal factor. The Danish Institute of Educational, Copenhagen, Denmark; 1976) model to assess whether the sum of the four subtests provides a statistically sufficient measure of a common latent trait. Since we found only weak evidence against fit to the Leunbach model, we claim that this warrants the use of a summarized totalBPPscore. We examined whetherBPPsubscales suffered from differential test functioning (DTF) relative to samples. Weak, and for practical purposes too weak,DTFwas suggested for one subscale.
Blood group antigen and phenotype prevalence in the Korean population compared to other ethnic populations and its association with RBC alloantibody frequency
Authors: Jekarl D. W. , Yoo J. , Lee S. , Yu H. , Kim M. , Kim Y. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryObjectivesThis study aimed to analyse the allele frequency of blood group antigens in the Korean population and other ethnic populations and the association of blood group antigens with red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies.BackgroundBlood group antigen genotyping can support patients undergoing frequent transfusions who have alloantibodies and antibodies against high‐prevalence blood group antigens.MethodsTwenty‐nine single nucleotide variations and 37 blood group antigens were tested. Samples requested for routine blood typing were collected from Jan to Apr 2016. Genotyping was performed on 145 Korean samples and was confirmed by bidirectional sequencing and serologic tests. The allele frequency data were compared with previous genotyping datasets (three datasets from Korea and one each from China, Europe, Asia, and the USA). Alloantibody frequencies and blood group antigens from the electronic medical record of 1772 cases were examined.ResultsE antigen was higher in the Korean population compared to that of Asian and European populations. K, Kpa, Fyb and Doa allele frequencies were lower compared to other ethnic populations. RBC alloantibodies with frequencies (%) greater than 1% from the 1772 cases were as follows: anti‐E, 36·7%, anti‐C, 17·7%; anti‐c 7·39%; anti‐M, 5·9%; anti‐e, 5·2%; anti‐Jka, 2·9%; and anti‐Fya, 1·1%. Blood group antigens and alloantibody frequencies revealed inverse trends that did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionThe allele frequency of blood group antigens assessed by high‐throughput methods provided reliable and valuable information that could be used for maintaining donor pools and providing compatible blood for genotyped patients.