bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement‐based study on characterizing symmetric and asymmetric respiratory motion interplay effect on target dose distribution in the proton pencil beam scanning
Authors: Lee Eunsin , Perry Daniel , Speth Joseph , Zhang Yongbin , Xiao Zhiyan , Mascia Anthony 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPencil beam scanning proton therapy makes possible intensity modulation, resulting in improved target dose conformity and organ‐at‐risk (OAR) dose sparing. This benefit, however, results in increased sensitivity to certain clinical and beam delivery parameters, such as respiratory motion. These effects can cause plan degeneration, which could lead to decreased tumor dose or increased OAR dose. This study evaluated the measurements of proton pencil beam scanning delivery made with a 2D ion chamber array in solid water on a 1D motion platform, where respiratory motion was simulated using sine and cosine4 waves representing sinusoidal symmetric and realistic asymmetric breathing motions, respectively. Motion amplitudes were 0.5 cm and 1 cm corresponding to 1 cm and 2 cm of maximum respiratory excursions, respectively, with 5 sec fixed breathing cycle. The treatment plans were created to mimic spherical targets of 3 cm or 10 cm diameter located at 5 cm or 1 cm depth in solid water phantom. A reference RBE dose of 200 cGy per fraction was delivered in 1, 5, 10, and 15 fractions for each dataset. We evaluated dose conformity and uniformity at the center plane of targets by using the Conformation Number and the Homogeneity Index, respectively. Results indicated that dose conformity as well as homogeneity was more affected by motion for smaller targets. Dose conformity was better achieved for symmetric breathing patterns than asymmetric breathing patterns regardless of the number of fractions. The presence of a range shifter with shallow targets reduced the motion effect by improving dose homogeneity. While motion effects are known to be averaged out over the course of multifractional treatments, this might not be true for proton pencil beam scanning under asymmetrical breathing pattern.
Association of Child Abuse and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Black Women During Adulthood
Authors: Cozier Yvette C. , Barbhaiya Medha , Castro-Webb Nelsy , Conte Carolyn , Tedeschi Sara , Leatherwood Cianna , Costenbader Karen H. , Rosenberg Lynn 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveExposure to psychosocial stressors may contribute to the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through dysregulation of the adaptive stress response. The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship of childhood physical and sexual abuse to risk of SLE among Black women.MethodsUsing data from the Black Women’s Health Study, we followed 36,152 women from 1995 through 2015 with biennial questionnaires. Women reported on exposure to abuse during childhood (up to age 11) in 2005. Self‐reported cases of incident SLE were confirmed as meeting the American College of Rheumatology SLE classification criteria by medical record review. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for SLE among women exposed to physical or sexual abuse during childhood, controlling for potential confounders.ResultsWe confirmed 101 cases of incident SLE and identified patients who had completed questions on child abuse during 670,822 person‐years of follow‐up. Both physical and sexual abuse during childhood were associated with statistically significant increases in SLE incidence. The HR for SLE associated with ≥2 episodes of severe sexual abuse compared to no abuse was 2.51 (95% CI 1.29–4.85) after adjustment for alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, age at menarche, and parental education. The multivariable‐adjusted HR for SLE with ≥5 episodes of severe physical abuse was 2.37 (95% CI 1.13–4.99).ConclusionOur results suggest that sexual and physical abuse during childhood increase SLE risk during adulthood among Black women. Research is necessary both to confirm this finding and to understand potential mediating mechanisms.
Fatherhood Experiences of Men With Inflammatory Arthritis: A Preliminary Grounded Theory
Authors: Avrech Bar Michal , Dao Thao T. , DeBlock Vlodarchyk Leah R. , Backman Catherine L. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveMinimal prior research has examined the impact of inflammatory arthritis (IA) on men’s perspectives on parenting. We aimed to describe fathering roles and experiences, the effect of IA on parenting activities, and strategies used by fathers with IA to fulfill this role.MethodsA grounded theory approach guided data gathering and analysis. Nine men with IA, parenting at least 1 child age <19 years, were recruited through rheumatology practices, therapy clinics, and social media. Each engaged in 1 in‐depth personal interview. Transcripts were analyzed using inductive and iterative steps to identify key themes and a preliminary explanatory framework of fathering experiences of men with IA.ResultsAll men were married, ages 31–62 years, with 1 to 5 children ages 6 months to 28 years. “Being an involved father” describes participants’ perspectives on fulfilling their role as hands‐on parents, role models, and financial providers. “Taking ownership” explains how participants managed daily life, comprising 2 subthemes, “taking care of yourself,” using strategies like exercise and communicating with loved ones, and “redefining yourself,” a process of adapting to reframed identity and lifestyle adjustments. “Accessing support” indicates men who felt well‐supported by social networks (most critically their wives), health care providers, and informational and educational resources.ConclusionThis small, grounded theory study offers an enriched understanding of fatherhood experiences of men with IA. When social, practical, and educational supports are in place, these men found parenting joyful and rewarding. Despite task limitations, their perspectives on being involved fathers was unrestricted by arthritis.
Rapidly Detachable Microneedles Using Porous Water‐Soluble Layer for Ocular Drug Delivery
Authors: Lee YeJin , Park SeungHyun , Kim Seon Il , Lee KangJu , Ryu WonHyoung 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDetachable microneedle (MN) technology is highly desired for treatment of ocular diseases such as keratitis or glaucoma because of its minimally invasiveness and sustained drug delivery. However, shortening of administration time during insertion into target tissues still remains an important issue, although various approaches using mechanical and chemical separation mechanisms have been attempted. Here, a rapidly detachable microneedle pen (RD‐MNP) containing a porous dissolvable sacrificial layer is fabricated for instant separation of the tip. The porous sacrificial layer is fabricated between a drug‐loaded tip and a base by freeze drying. The sacrificial layer is comprised of water soluble polymers: poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). Porous structure can accelerate dissolution rate compared to solid structure due to its capillary effect that relies on pore size and distribution. The pore size and distribution of the sacrificial layer are controlled and detachment of an RD‐MNP with the optimum pore structures is immediate upon dipping the MNP in PBS. Furthermore, the insertion characteristics of the system are investigated using the gelatin phantom and porcine eye sclera. With the optimized sacrificial layer, a MN tip is almost immediately detached and embedded to the porcine sclera with the aid of impact insertion.
Overcoming Multidrug‐Resistant MRSA Using Conventional Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Authors: Tan Lei , Zhou Ziao , Liu Xiangmei , Li Jun , Zheng Yufeng , Cui Zhenduo , Yang Xianjin , Liang Yanqin , Li Zhaoyang , Feng Xiaobo , Zhu Shengli , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Yang Cao , Wang Xianbao , Wu Shuilin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlobal multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria are spreading rapidly and causing a great threat to human health due to the abuse of antibiotics. Determining how to resensitize MDR bacteria to conventional inefficient antibiotics is of extreme urgency. Here, a low‐temperature photothermal treatment (PTT, 45 °C) is utilized with red phosphorus nanoparticles to resensitize methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to conventional aminoglycoside antibiotics. The antibacterial mechanism is studied by the proteomic technique and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, which proves that the aminoglycoside antibiotics against MRSA can be selectively potentiated by low‐temperature PTT. The catalytic activity of 2‐aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH (2″))—a modifying enzyme—is demonstrated to be obviously inhibited via detecting the consumption of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the catalytic reaction. It is also found that the active site of aspartic acid (ASP) residues in APH (2″) is thermally unstable from the results of molecular dynamics simulation. Its catalytic ability is inhibited by preventing the deprotonating procedure for the target OH of gentamycin. The combined therapy also exhibits great biocompatibility and successfully treats MRSA infections in vivo. This low‐temperature PTT strategy has the potential to be an exogenous‐modifying enzyme inhibitor for the treatment of MDR bacterial infection.
Next‐Generation Cancer‐Specific Hybrid Theranostic Nanomaterials: MAGE‐A3 NIR Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles Conjugated to Afatinib for In Situ Suppression of Lung Adenocarcinoma Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Chan Ming‐Hsien , Huang Wen‐Tse , Wang Jing , Liu Ru‐Shi , Hsiao Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe rate of lung cancer has gradually increased in recent years, with an average annual increase of 15%. Afatinib (AFT) plays a key role in preventing non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) growth and spread. To increase the efficiency of drug loading and NSCLC cell tracking, near infrared‐persistent luminescence nanomaterials (NIR PLNs), a silica shell‐assisted synthetic route for mono‐dispersal, are developed and used in the nanovehicle. After optimizing their physical and chemical properties, the NIR PLNs are able to absorb light energy and emit NIR luminescence for several hours. In this research, NIR PLNs are functionalized for drug‐carrying capabilities. Effective accumulation of target drugs, such as AFT, using PLN nanomaterials can lead to unique anticancer therapeutic benefits (AFT‐PLN). To minimize side effects and increase drug accumulation, nanomaterials with targeting abilities are used instead of simple drugs to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Thus, the specific targeting aptamer, MAGE‐A3 (MAp) is identified, and the PLN to increase its targeting ability (AFT‐PLN@MAp) accordingly modified. The advancement of nanoscale techniques in the field of lung cancer is urgently needed; this research presents a plausible diagnostic strategy and a novel method for therapeutic administration.
Understanding Graduating Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellow Priorities for Career Pathways and Faculty Recruitment for Academic or Community Emergency Departments
Authors: Sampayo Esther M. , Agrawal Pooja , Mittiga Matthew R. , Klasner Ann E. , Kim In , Scarfone Richard , Chang Todd P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesFactors influencing the employment of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows in a career in academic medicine versus community emergency department (ED) settings have not previously been explored. The purpose of this study was to explore PEM fellows' priorities in selecting jobs and to identify factors that influence their decisions regarding career choices through a multicenter, qualitative approach. We also explored program directors' beliefs about graduates' job selection priorities.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study among a convenience sample of PEM fellows and PEM fellowship program directors and/or associate program directors in the United States. The data were collected in 2017, using a qualitative methodology known as free listing. The fellows and program directors were solicited through the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Emergency Medicine. Using content analysis, all free‐listing responses from participant samples were categorized into 14 distinct groupings. Thematic saturation was achieved, and member checking was performed to ensure trustworthiness.ResultsA sample of 63 fellows from six geographically diverse programs and 41 program and/or associate program directors were surveyed. Location, schedule/work‐life balance and compensation were the most frequently cited factors taken into consideration for employment; these are not specific to PEM as a career choice. Other factors included patient population and ED resources. When deciding between academic and community employment, similar areas for the PEM physician emerged on both sides of the dichotomy: work–life balance, clinical hours, burnout, and acuity/patient complexity.ConclusionsThere are universal factors that PEM physicians consider when choosing employment. The information elicited from this exploratory technique can inform content for national survey or other qualitative work to achieve richer descriptions of reported items and dichotomies to guide fellow recruitment and retention strategies.
Phase 2 study of hyper‐CMAD with liposomal vincristine for patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Kantarjian Hagop , Wierda William , Ravandi‐Kashani Farhad , Jorgensen Jeffrey , Wang Sa A. , Khoury Joseph , Daver Naval , Burger Jan , Di Nardo Courtney D. , Jain Nitin , Short Nicholas J. , Estrov MD Zeev , Konopleva MD, PhD Marina , Ohanian DO Maro , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kadia Tapan , Alvarado‐Valero Yesid , Yilmaz Musa , Pierce Sherry , Garris Rebecca , Ingram April , Cortes Jorge , OʼBrien Susan , Jabbour Elias 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiposomal vincristine is designed to reduce neurotoxicity and increase dose intensity delivery, and has been approved as salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Our aim was to evaluate the response rate, toxicities, and outcome of adults with newly diagnosed ALL who received liposomal vincristine, rather than regular vincristine in combination with intensive chemotherapy (Hyper‐CMAD). In a single‐center, phase 2 study, patients ≥18 years with newly‐diagnosed B‐cell ALL were eligible to receive hyper‐CMAD alternating with high‐dose methotrexate and cytarabine. Rituximab was administered in CD20 positive ALL. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib or dasatinib) were added in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph‐positive) ALL. Thirty‐one patients were enrolled, median follow‐up of 59 months (0.3‐70). Thirteen patients (42%) had CD20 positive ALL, and 21 (68%) had Ph‐positive ALL. Thirty (97%) achieved complete remission (CR). All 26 patients with abnormal karyotype achieved complete cytogenetic response (CCyR), and 27/30 (90%) achieved negative minimal residual disease status by multicolor flow cytometry. Of 20 evaluable Ph‐positive ALL patients, major molecular response (MMR) was achieved in 19 patients (95%); complete molecular response (CMR) in 14 (70%). Grade 3/4 peripheral neuropathy was observed in five (16%) with all grade peripheral neuropathy in 21 (68%). With a median follow‐up of 59 months, 21 (68%) patients are alive. The 5‐year CR duration and survival rates were 73% and 61%, respectively. Ten (32%) patients died: one, sepsis on C1D10; four, unknown; one, post‐transplant complications; four, relapse. Hyper‐CMAD with liposomal vincristine is safe and demonstrated high response and survival rates in newly diagnosed ALL.
Intraspecific and interspecific investigations of skeletal DNA methylation and femur morphology in primates
Authors: Housman Genevieve , Quillen Ellen E. , Stone Anne C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesEpigenetic mechanisms influence the development and maintenance of complex phenotypes and may also contribute to the evolution of species–specific phenotypes. With respect to skeletal traits, little is known about the gene regulation underlying these hard tissues or how tissue‐specific patterns are associated with bone morphology or vary among species. To begin exploring these topics, this study evaluates one epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation, in skeletal tissues from five nonhuman primate species which display anatomical and locomotor differences representative of their phylogenetic groups.Materials and MethodsFirst, we test whether intraspecific variation in skeletal DNA methylation is associated with intraspecific variation in femur morphology. Second, we identify interspecific differences in DNA methylation and assess whether these lineage‐specific patterns may have contributed to species–specific morphologies. Specifically, we use the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip to identify DNA methylation patterns in femur trabecular bone from baboons (n = 28), macaques (n = 10), vervets (n = 10), chimpanzees (n = 4), and marmosets (n = 6).ResultsSignificant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were associated with a subset of morphological variants, but these likely have small biological effects and may be confounded by other variables associated with morphological variation. Conversely, several species–specific DMPs were identified, and these are found in genes enriched for functions associated with complex skeletal traits.DiscussionOverall, these findings reveal that while intraspecific epigenetic variation is not readily associated with skeletal morphology differences, some interspecific epigenetic differences in skeletal tissues exist and may contribute to evolutionarily distinct phenotypes. This work forms a foundation for future explorations of gene regulation and skeletal trait evolution in primates.
A chomped chimp: New evidence of tooth marks on an adult chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus)
Authors: Eller Andrea R. , Pobiner Briana , Friend Sadie , Austin Rita M. , Hofman Courtney A. , Sholts Sabrina B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe and interpret previously unreported marks on the dry cranium of an adult chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) from Côte d'Ivoire at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (USNM 450071).Materials and MethodsAll marks on the cranium were documented and assessed through physical examination of the specimen, photography, micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), and 3D laser scanning. Pits and punctures were measured with digital calipers for comparison with published carnivore tooth mark measurements.ResultsThe cranium shows perimortem or postmortem damage to the temporal, occipital, and maxillary regions that is not recent. Size and color variation in the marks suggest two damage events, possibly involving chewing by different animals, at least one of which was a large‐bodied mammal. The 22 tooth pits and punctures (0.89–8.75 mm in maximum length and 0.88–6.63 mm in breadth) overlap in size with those inflicted by wild leopards, the most significant predators of common chimpanzees due to their largely overlapping ecological distributions.ConclusionsBased on qualitative and quantitative evidence, we conclude that leopards are the most likely cause of the most prominent marks on the cranium. However, we cannot rule out the additional possibility of other chimpanzees, although there are no published studies of chimpanzee tooth marks for direct comparison. This study is the most extensive documentation to date of a modern adult chimpanzee skull exhibiting tooth marks by a large mammal, thus providing new evidence to help identify and interpret other events of predation and scavenging of large‐bodied apes in the modern and fossil records.
Nanoarchitektonik als ein Ansatz zur Erzeugung bioähnlicher hierarchischer Organisate
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Jia Xiaofang , Song Jingwen , Hill Jonathan P. , Leong David Tai , Jia Yi , Li Junbai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDie Eingliederung von Nichtgleichgewichtsprozessen in die Abfolge von Selbstassemblierungsverfahren wäre ein effektives Mittel zur Etablierung bioähnlicher hochfunktionalisierter hierarchischer Assemblierungen. Als eine neue Methode jenseits der Selbstassemblierung wurde die Nanoarchitektonik eingeführt, deren Ziel die Herstellung funktioneller Materialsysteme aus nanoskopischen Einheiten durch die methodische Zusammenführung der Nanotechnologie mit anderen wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen einschließlich der organischen Synthese, der supramolekularen Chemie, der Mikrofabrikation und von Bioprozessen ist. Die Nutzung von Nichtgleichgewichtsfaktoren in konventionellen Selbstassemblierungsprozessen wird auf der Grundlage von Beispielen zur gesteuerten Assemblierung, der Langmuir‐Blodgett‐Technologie und der schichtweisen Assemblierung diskutiert. Insbesondere werden Beispiele zur Herstellung hierarchischer funktioneller Strukturen mithilfe bioaktiver Komponenten wie Proteinen oder durch die Kombination von Biokomponenten mit zweidimensionalen Nanomaterialien beschrieben.
Nickel(II)‐Mediated Reversible Thiolate/Disulfide Conversion as a Mimic for a Key Step of the Catalytic Cycle of Methyl‐Coenzyme M Reductase
Authors: Bhandari Anirban , Mishra Saikat , Maji Ram Chandra , Kumar Akhilesh , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Patra Apurba K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccording to the well‐accepted mechanism, methyl‐coenzyme M reductase (MCR) involves Ni‐mediated thiolate‐to‐disulfide conversion that sustains its catalytic cycle of methane formation in the energy saving pathways of methanotrophic microbes. Model complexes that illustrate Ni‐ion mediated reversible thiolate/disulfide transformation are unknown. In this paper we report the synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic properties and redox interconversions of a set of NiII complexes comprising a tridentate N2S donor thiol and its analogous N4S2 donor disulfide ligands. These complexes demonstrate reversible NiII‐thiolate/NiII‐disulfide (both bound and unbound disulfide‐S to NiII) transformations via thiyl and disulfide monoradical anions that resemble a primary step of MCR's catalytic cycle.
Stable meso–meso‐Linked 2NH‐Corrole Radical Dimers as a Key Intermediate to Corrole Tape
Authors: Ooi Shota , Adinarayana B. , Shimizu Daiki , Tanaka Takayuki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile oxidation of 5,5′,15,15′‐tetramesityl‐10‐10′‐linked 3NH‐corrole dimer with DDQ gave the corresponding triply linked 2NH‐corrole tape, the use of an equimolar amount of p‐chloranil as a milder oxidant resulted in the formation of a 10‐10′‐linked neutral 2NH‐corrole radical dimer as a stable product. The stability of this peculiar product is ascribed largely to strong antiferromagnetic interaction of the two spins. Further oxidation of this diradical produced corrole tape, suggesting its involvement as a reaction intermediate to the corrole tape. Oxidation of 10‐10′‐linked bis‐pyridine‐coordinated CoIII corrole dimer with DDQ produced a cobalt corrole radical dimer and a doubly linked corrole dimer both as stable compounds bearing pyridine and cyanide axial ligands. This type of oxidative transformation involving neutral diradical intermediates is a unique reaction mechanism specific for corrole dimers.