bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonyl oxide chemistry in water cluster: An extended computational study
Authors: Kashyap Chayanika , Baruah Indrani , Rohman Shahnaz S. , Ullah Sabnam S. , Kalita Amlan J. , Borgohain Gargi , Guha Ankur K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn extended computational approach has been utilized to explore the reactions of acids with carbonyl oxide, also known as Criegee intermediate (CI). The reactions were explored inside a water cluster containing 50 water molecules. All possibilities of product formation were considered. Among the considered acids, the rate of 1,4‐insertion follows the order HCOO < HCl < HNO3. The most stable products of the reactions between the considered acids and CI have been identified.
New Insights into Biocompatible Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Potential Booster of Gene Delivery to Stem Cells
Authors: Zhang Tianyuan , Xu Qianhao , Huang Ting , Ling Daishun , Gao Jianqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGene delivery to stem cells is a critical issue of stem cells‐based therapies, still facing ongoing challenges regarding efficiency and safety. Recent advances in the controlled synthesis of biocompatible magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have provided a powerful nanotool for assisting gene delivery to stem cells. However, this field is still at an early stage, with well‐designed and scalable IONPs synthesis highly desired. Furthermore, the potential risks or bioeffects of IONPs on stem cells are not completely figured out. Therefore, in this review, the updated researches focused on the gene delivery to stem cells using various designed IONPs are highlighted. Additionally, the impacts of the physicochemical properties of IONPs, as well as the magnetofection systems on the gene delivery performance and biocompatibility are summarized. Finally, challenges attributed to the potential impacts of IONPs on the biologic behaviors of stem cells and the large‐scale productions of uniform IONPs are emphasized. The principles and challenges summarized in this review provide a general guidance for the rational design of IONPs‐assisted gene delivery to stem cells.
Higher-point conformal blocks in the comb channel
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Ma Wen-Jie , Skiba Witold 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We compute M -point conformal blocks with scalar external and exchange operators in the so-called comb configuration for any M in any dimension d. Our computation involves repeated use of the operator product expansion to increase the number of external fields. We check our results in several limits and compare with the expressions available in the literature when M = 5 for any d, and also when M is arbitrary while d = 1.
Aufklärungserfolg, Zufriedenheit und Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten bei Computertomographie-Aufklärungen
Authors: Vogele D. , Schöffski O. , Efinger K. , Schmidt S. A. , Beer M. , Kildal D. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Aufklärung eines Patienten vor einer Computertomographie (CT) spielt sowohl für die aufklärenden Ärzte als auch für die Patienten eine entscheidende Rolle. Ein persönliches Aufklärungsgespräch über die Durchführung, Risiken und mögliche Alternativen ist vor einer CT-Untersuchung verpflichtend.

Methode
Durchgeführt wurde eine Befragung zur Patientenzufriedenheit hinsichtlich der Dauer und den Inhalten einer CT-Aufklärung. Befragt wurden hierüber auch aufklärende Ärzte. Ein weiterer Teil der Befragung beschäftigte sich mit der Akzeptanz technischer Hilfsmittel, wie z. B. Informationsvideos oder Tablets/PCs.

Ergebnis
Insgesamt 512 Patienten und 106 Ärzte beteiligten sich an der Befragung. Die Dauer des Aufklärungsgesprächs gaben die Patienten mit durchschnittlich 4,08 min und die Ärzte mit 4,7 min an. Am ausführlichsten klärten die Ärzte über die Nebenwirkungen von Kontrastmitteln auf. Über mögliche Alternativen und die Notwendigkeit der Untersuchung wurde weniger aufgeklärt. Korrelierend erinnerten sich rund 92 % aller Patienten nicht an eine Information über alternative Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten. 88,7 % der Patienten und 95,3 % der ärztlichen Teilnehmer befürworteten die Aufklärung mithilfe von interaktiven Videos und Animationen und 74 % der Patienten sowie 98,8 % der Ärzte die Beantwortung der Fragen zum Gesundheitszustand am Tablet/PC.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Dauer einer CT-Aufklärung wurde von den Patienten etwas kürzer eingeschätzt, wobei sich die Patienten teilweise nur schlecht an die Aufklärungsinhalte erinnerten. Die Akzeptanz gegenüber technischen Neuerungen war bei den Teilnehmern sehr hoch. Durch den Einsatz von Informationsvideos und Tablets/PCs könnte der Aufklärungserfolg erhöht werden.
Specification and automated verification of atomic concurrent real-time transactions
Authors: Cai Simin , Gallina Barbara , Nyström Dag , Seceleanu Cristina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany database management systems (DBMS) need to ensure atomicity and isolation of transactions for logical data consistency, as well as to guarantee temporal correctness of the executed transactions. Since the mechanisms for atomicity and isolation may lead to breaching temporal correctness, trade-offs between these properties are often required during the DBMS design. To be able to address this concern, we have previously proposed the pattern-based UPPCART framework, which models the transactions and the DBMS mechanisms as timed automata, and verifies the trade-offs with provable guarantee. However, the manual construction of UPPCART models can require considerable effort and is prone to errors. In this paper, we advance the formal analysis of atomic concurrent real-time transactions with tool-automated construction of UPPCART models. The latter are generated automatically from our previously proposed UTRAN specifications, which are high-level UML-based specifications familiar to designers. To achieve this, we first propose formal definitions for the modeling patterns in UPPCART, as well as for the pattern-based construction of DBMS models, respectively. Based on this, we establish a translational semantics from UTRAN specifications to UPPCART models, to provide the former with a formal semantics relying on timed automata, and develop a tool that implements the automated transformation. We also extend the expressiveness of UTRAN and UPPCART, to incorporate transaction sequences and their timing properties. We demonstrate the specification in UTRAN, automated transformation to UPPCART, and verification of the traded-off properties, via an industrial use case.
Reducing loneliness in older adults: looking at locals and migrants in a Swiss case study
Authors: Ehsan Annahita , Bolano Danilo , Guillaume-Boeckle Sylvie , Spini Dario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOlder adults are at a high risk for loneliness, and community-based interventions can help reduce loneliness for all older adults in a community, regardless of their migration status. However, little research has investigated how older adults, including locals and migrants (in this case, internal newcomers and international expats) participate in these interventions. The “Neighbourhoods in Solidarity” (NS) are a series of community-based interventions that aim to increase social connectedness and reduce loneliness in older adults (55+) in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. This longitudinal embedded mixed-methods study aimed to understand whether older adults (distinguishing between locals, newcomers, and expats) were aware of and participated in the NS, to assess whether participation was associated with changes in loneliness, and to identify relevant processes that could explain a reduction in loneliness. We combined a longitudinal pre/post survey (235 respondents) with ethnographic observations and informal interviews. Quantitative findings showed that individuals who participated in the NS did not have significant changes in loneliness. Qualitative findings showed that perceived migration played an important role in who participated, and that the community distinguished between two types of migrants: newcomers who spoke French fluently, and expats who did not. Individuals were only ‘local’ if they had ancestors from the town. Some newcomers and some locals used the NS as a platform to build a new sense of community within the NS, whereas expats rarely participated. This was due to linguistic and cultural determinants, institutional constraints, interpersonal relationships, and personal preferences.
The Availability of Peer Support and Disparities in Outpatient Mental Health Service Use Among Minority Youth with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Ojeda Victoria D. , Munson Michelle R. , Jones Nev , Berliant Emily , Gilmer Todd P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine whether the availability of peer support reduces disparities in service use among minority youth ages 16–24 with serious mental illness in Los Angeles and San Diego Counties. Administrative data from 2015–2018 was used to summarize service use among 13,363 transition age youth age 16–24 with serious mental illness who received services from 183 outpatient public mental health programs; 17.2% were Black, 67.4% were Latinx, and 15.4% were non-Latinx white. The availability of peer support was assessed via a program survey. Generalized linear models were used to assess the relationship between availability of peer support, defined as having a peer specialist on staff, and the annual number of outpatient mental health visits. We also examined the relationship between racial/ethnic concordance of youth and peer specialists and use of outpatient services. Forty-six percent of youth received services from programs that employed peer specialists. Among youth in both counties, the availability of peer support was associated with an increase in annual outpatient visits (P ≤ .05 each). Peer support was associated with reductions in service use disparities among Black and Latinx youth in Los Angeles County (P < .001 each). Peer concordance was associated with an increase in outpatient service use among Latinx youth in both counties (P < .05 each). Peer support was associated with increases in use of outpatient mental health services. Detailed examination of the context for youth peer support implementation is merited to identify the specific pathways that improve outcomes.
A perspective on the early days of RAS research
Authors: Weiss Robin A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe name of the oncogene, ras, has its origin in studies of murine leukemia viruses in the 1960s by Jenny Harvey (H-ras) and by Werner Kirsten (K-ras) which, at high doses, produced sarcomas in rats. Transforming retroviruses were isolated, and its oncogene was named ras after rat sarcoma. From 1979, cellular ras sequences with transforming properties were identified by transfection of tumor DNA initially by Robert Weinberg from rodent tumors, and the isolation of homologous oncogenes from human tumors soon followed, including HRAS and KRAS, and a new member of the family named NRAS. I review these discoveries, placing emphasis on the pioneering research of Christopher Marshall and Alan Hall, who subsequently made immense contributions to our understanding of the functions of RAS and related small GTPases to signal transduction pathways, cell structure, and the behavior of normal and malignant cells.
Status and trends of orthophosphate concentrations in groundwater used for public supply in California
Authors: Kent Robert , Johnson Tyler D. , Rosen Michael R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhosphorus is a necessary nutrient for all organisms. However excessive phosphorus can cause eutrophication in surface water. Groundwater can be an important nonpoint contributor of phosphorus to surface water bodies. Most groundwater phosphorus is in the form of orthophosphate and orthophosphate concentrations in California groundwater vary temporally and geographically. This study quantifies orthophosphate concentrations in water samples from public supply wells in California, evaluates temporal trends (both step and monotonic trends) in orthophosphate concentration for different areas of the state, and explores potential explanatory factors for the trends observed. Orthophosphate concentrations are low in 42 percent of the groundwater used for public supply in California, moderate in 43 percent, and high in 15 percent of this groundwater relative to reference conditions and a goal expressed by the USEPA for streams overlying the aquifers. The findings also suggest that orthophosphate concentrations increased in approximately one-third of this groundwater during the study period (2000 to 2018). The timing of orthophosphate increases observed in time-series evaluations coincided approximately with the timing of increases observed in step-trend evaluations, with both suggesting that the increasing trend occurred mostly before 2011. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the statewide dataset indicates that orthophosphate concentrations are antithetically related to dissolved oxygen (DO), and weakly associated with boron, arsenic, and fluoride. Step trend and time-series trend analyses using PCA were inconclusive.
On Earthquake Detectability by the Next-Generation Gravity Mission
Authors: Cambiotti Gabriele , Douch Karim , Cesare Stefano , Haagmans Roger , Sneeuw Nicolas , Anselmi Alberto , Marotta Anna Maria , Sabadini Roberto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarthquakes have been studied by means of seismometers recording the elastic waves travelling through the interior of our planet. Global Navigation Satellite System and Synthetic Aperture Radar surveys, measuring surface displacements, have provided additional information on earthquakes, as well as on those solid Earth processes responsible for them, such as subduction, collision and extension and the inter-seismic strain accumulation. This instrumentation is deployed over land and thus misses the seas, often surrounding regions where large earthquakes occur. This limitation is nowadays overcome by space gravity missions, thanks to their uniform coverage of the Earth, both inland and offshore. In this perspective, Gravitational Seismology has been identified as a new application of the Next-Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM), with the aim of evaluating its overall performance and of assessing the detectability of earthquake gravity signatures, as well as of those from active tectonics and inter-seismic deformation. Within the framework of self-gravitating viscoelastic Earth models, we have simulated the co- and post-seismic gravity signatures of 291 scenario earthquakes, with different occurrence times and geographical locations, focal mechanisms, depths and lines of strike, and included into the background gravity feeding the NGGM closed-loop simulation which provides observables of multiple pairs of GRACE-like satellites, given the instrument noise. NGGM earthquake detectability is herein defined on the possibility of estimating the amplitude of the original gravity signature of each earthquake by inversion of synthetic NGGM gravity data, consisting of 156 28-day gravity field solutions (about 11 years). For about two thirds of earthquakes of magnitude as low as 7, comparable with the 1980 Irpinia intraplate earthquake, the amplitudes have been estimated with a relative error less than 10% (and less than 50% for almost all the earthquakes), assuming as known the time variable contributions from atmosphere, oceans, hydrology, continental ice and glacial isostatic adjustment. When these contributions are inverted simultaneously with the earthquake ones, instead, we have had to increase the earthquake magnitude to 7.8 in order to estimate more than half of their amplitudes with a relative error less than 10%. We thus have shown that the NGGM will be able to detect, in most cases, the co- and post-seismic signatures of earthquakes of at least magnitude 7.8 and that this lower magnitude threshold can decrease down to magnitude 7 by improving the modelling of the background gravity field.
People Engaging Each Other: A Dual-Perspective Study of Interpersonal Processes in Useful Therapy
Authors: Råbu Marit , Moltu Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo explore how clients and therapists experience and engage in a therapeutic relationship which the client can make use of. We explored 11 psychotherapy dyads using in-depth qualitative methods. Selected dyads were ones in which the client experienced the therapy as useful. The data collection method was serial interviews with both therapists and clients. Therapists and clients were interviewed separately, four and two times, respectively, about their personal development, their views on and experiences with therapy, and their collaboration in the concrete therapeutic dyad. Transcripts of interviews were analyzed using a hermeneutic phenomenological qualitative analysis. The analysis yielded an overarching theme identified as “engaging each other.” This theme consisted of three constituent processes, developed from complementary descriptions from clients and therapists: (1) opening up to an encounter between humans, (2) trusting professionality, and (3) creating space for an unbearable story. We discuss how technical skill and personal warmth underlie the development of a helping relationship within which humans can open up to a personal encounter with suffering. We discuss how the personal aspect of the therapist position relates to psychotherapy as a moral practice, and suggest that this perspective is meaningful in understanding the therapist factor and the real relationship.
The influence of the ammonia concentration and the water content on the water sorption behavior of ambient pressure dried silica xerogels
Authors: Huber Lukas , Comesaña Silvia Paz , Koebel Matthias M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPorous silica xerogels were synthesized within 10 h by a two-step sol–gel process under atmospheric conditions. In the first step, tetraethylorthosiloxane (TEOS) was hydrolyzed with water using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. In the second step, water and ammonia were added to the prehydrolyzed silica sol prior to the drying of the samples at 150 °C. The influence of the ammonia concentration and the water content on the physicochemical properties and the water sorption behavior of silica xerogels produced in the aforementioned way was investigated. The resulting silica xerogels were characterized by helium pycnometry, scanning electron microscopy, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption, and water sorption. It was shown that a higher ammonia concentration leads to an increased pore size of the silica xerogel which starts to adsorb water at a higher relative pressure. With an increased water content during gelation, the silica xerogel has a higher specific surface area and a higher water sorption capacity. Furthermore, silica xerogels can be tailored by a controlled addition of ammonia and water to have a higher water sorption capacity than the reference silica gel over the whole range of relative pressure.
Throwing spatial light: on topological explanations in Gestalt psychology
Authors: Skowron Bartłomiej , Wójtowicz Krzysztof 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is a well-known fact that mathematics plays a crucial role in physics; in fact, it is virtually impossible to imagine contemporary physics without it. But it is questionable whether mathematical concepts could ever play such a role in psychology or philosophy. In this paper, we set out to examine a rather unobvious example of the application of topology, in the form of the theory of persons proposed by Kurt Lewin in hisPrinciples of Topological Psychology. Our aim is to show that this branch of mathematics can furnish a natural conceptual system for Gestalt psychology, in that it provides effective tools for describing global qualitative aspects of the latter’s object of investigation. We distinguish three possible ways in which mathematics can contribute to this: explanation, explication (construed in the spirit of Carnap) and metaphor. We hold that all three of these can be usefully characterized asthrowing light ontheir subject matter, and argue that in each case this contrasts with the role of explanations in physics. Mathematics itself, we argue, provides something different from such explanations when applied in the field of psychology, and this is nevertheless still cognitively fruitful.
New hybrids of tacrine and indomethacin as multifunctional acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Zawada Kamil , Czarnecka Kamila , Girek Małgorzata , Kręcisz Paweł , Trejtnar František , Mandíková Jana , Jończyk Jakub , Bajda Marek , Staśkiewicz Mariusz , Wójtowicz Przemysław , Dziubek Katarzyna , Skibiński Robert , Szymański Paweł 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA new series of hybrid compounds were designed, consisting of anti-AChE and BuChE activity components with an anti-inflammatory component. A series of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine and indomethacin derivatives were synthesized. All compounds were created using alkyldiamine with different chain lengths as a linker. Various biological activities were evaluated, including inhibitory activity against AChE and BuChE. The tested compounds showed high inhibitory activities against cholinesterases. The IC50 values for all compounds ranging from 10 nM to 7 µM. The potency of inhibition was much higher than well-known AChE and BuChE inhibitors (tacrine and donepezil). Compound 3h had the strongest inhibitory activity; kinetic studies showed it to have a mixed-type of acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties. The cytotoxicity of the newly-synthesized compounds against HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma cells) and EA.hy96 (human vein endothelial cells) cell lines was determined using the MTT and MTS tests. All investigated compounds presented similar cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and EA.hy926 cell line, ranged in micromolar values. Compounds with longer linkers showed higher antioxidant activity. The most active compound was 3h. Docking studies confirmed interactions with important regions of AChE and BuChE. Its multifunctional properties, i.e. high activity against AChE and BuChE, antioxidant activity and low cytotoxicity, highlight 3h as a promising agent for the treatment of AD.
What GDPR and the Health Research Regulations (HRRs) mean for Ireland: a research perspective
Authors: Mee Blanaid , Kirwan Mary , Clarke Niamh , Tanaka Aoife , Manaloto Lino , Halpin Emma , Gibbons Una , Cullen Ann , McGarrigle Sarah , Connolly Elisabeth M , Bennett Kathleen , Gaffney Eoin , Flanagan Ciaran , Tier Laura , Flavin Richard , McElvaney Noel G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Irish Health Research Regulations (HRRs) were introduced following the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018. The HRRs described specific supplementary regulatory requirements for research regarding governance, processes and procedure that impact on several facets of research. The numerous problems that the HRRs and particularly “explicit consent” inadvertently created were presented under the auspices of the Irish Academy of Medical Sciences (IAMS) on November 25, 2019, at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.

Aims
The objective of this review was to obtain feedback and to examine the impact of GDPR and the HRRs on health research in Ireland in order to determine whether the preliminary feedback, presented at the IAMS meetings, was reflected at a national level.

Methods
Individuals from the research community were invited to provide feedback on the impact, if any, of the HRRs on health research. Retrospective patient recruitment and consent outside a hospital setting for a multi-institutional Breast Predict study (funded by the Irish Cancer Society) were also analysed.

Results
Feedback replicated the issues presented at the IAMS with additional concerns identified. Only 20% of the original target population (n = 1987) could be included in the Breast Predict study.

Conclusions
Our results confirm that the HRRs have had a significantly negative impact on health research in Ireland. Urgent meaningful engagement between patient advocate groups, the research community and legislators would help ameliorate these impacts.