bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 1-mm2 CMOS-pipelined ADC with integrated folded cascode operational amplifier
Authors: Idros Norhamizah , Abdul Aziz Zulfiqar Ali , Rajendran Jagadheswaran 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the acceptable performance by using the limited input range towards lower open-loop DC gain operational amplifier (op-amp) of an 8-bit pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for mobile communication application.

Design/methodology/approach
An op-amp with folded cascode configuration is designed to provide the maximum open-loop DC gain without any gain-boosting technique. The impact of low open-loop DC gain is observed and analysed through the results of pre-, post-layout simulations and measurement of the ADC. The fabrication process technology used is Silterra 0.18-µm CMOS process. The silicon area by the ADC is 1.08 mm2.

Findings
Measured results show the differential non-linearity (DNL) error, integral non-linearity (INL) error, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) are within −0.2 to +0.2 LSB, −0.55 LSB for 0.4 Vpp input range, 22 and 27 dB, respectively, with 2 MHz input signal at the rate of 64 MS/s. The static power consumption is 40 mW with a supply voltage of 1.8 V.

Originality/value
The experimental results of ADC showed that by limiting the input range to ±0.2 V, this ADC is able to give a good reasonable performance. Open-loop DC gain of op-amp plays a critical role in ADC performance. Low open-loop DC gain results in stage-gain error of residue amplifier and, thus, leads to nonlinearity of output code. Nevertheless, lowering the input range enhances the linearity to ±0.2 LSB.
Examining the effects of Structured Word Inquiry on the reading and spelling skills of persistently poor Grade 3 readers
Authors: Georgiou George K. , Savage Robert , Dunn Kristy , Bowers Peter , Parrila Rauno 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Structured Word Inquiry (SWI; an orthography intervention with a focus on morphology and how morphology interrelates with phonology and etymology) and Simplicity intervention (a novel phonics intervention) on the reading and spelling skills of persistently poor Grade 3 readers.MethodsForty‐eight English‐speaking Canadian children (19 females, Mage = 8.73 years) with persistent reading difficulties were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: SWI, Simplicity and Control. Interventions were delivered by trained graduate students over 10 weeks, 3 times a week, for 30 minutes. Children were tested three times (pre‐test, post‐test and delayed post‐test) on measures of phonological awareness, morphological awareness, reading (Word Reading, Morphological Relatedness and Word Attack) and spelling.ResultsResults of hierarchical linear modelling showed a significant main effect of condition for Morphological Relatedness at post‐test favouring SWI and Simplicity over Control and a significant interaction between a latent variable of all secondary decoding measures and morphological awareness. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) showed medium to large effects for both interventions on primary outcomes of Word Reading and Morphological Relatedness.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that SWI and Simplicity can help persistently poor readers improve in some reading skills, but neither programme is a panacea as a number of children continued to struggle after the intervention.
Consequences of information suppression in ecological and conservation sciences
Authors: Driscoll Don A. , Garrard Georgia E. , Kusmanoff Alexander M. , Dovers Stephen , Maron Martine , Preece Noel , Pressey Robert L. , Ritchie Euan G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuppressing expert knowledge can hide environmentally damaging practices and policies from public scrutiny. We surveyed ecologists and conservation scientists from universities, government, and industry across Australia to understand the prevalence and consequences of suppressing science communication. Government (34%) and industry (30%) respondents reported higher rates of undue interference by employers than did university respondents (5%). Internal communications (29%) and media (28%) were curtailed most, followed by journal articles (11%), and presentations (12%). When university and industry researchers avoided public commentary, this was mainly for fear of media misrepresentation, while government employees were most often constrained by senior management and workplace policy. One third of respondents reported personal suffering related to suppression, including job losses and deteriorating mental health. Substantial reforms are needed, including to codes of practice, and governance of environmental assessments and research, so that scientific advice can be reported openly, in a timely manner and free from interference.
Guyana's Prisons: Colonial Histories of Post‐Colonial Challenges
Authors: ANDERSON CLARE , IFILL MELLISSA , ADAMS ESTHERINE , MOSS KELLIE 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article argues that history can play a role in addressing present‐day concerns about the form and function of incarceration in the post‐colonial nation of Guyana. It analyses some of the key features of imprisonment during the British colonial period (1814–1966), and connects them to the challenges faced by the prisons sector since Independence in 1966. The authors suggest that an appreciation of the history of jails in Guyana – including issues connected with prison capacity, overcrowding, training and education, and rehabilitation – can play a role in inspiring and supporting change in the Guyana Prison Service. In this way, the article suggests, historical research can impact on the administration of criminal justice in Guyana – and potentially in other contemporary post‐colonial contexts, both within, and beyond, the Caribbean region.
Relationship between radiation doses and erectile function deterioration in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with permanent prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Shigeta Keisuke , Kikuchi Eiji , Matsushima Masashi , Ogihara Koichiro , Kosaka Takeo , Mizuno Ryuichi , Tanaka Tomoki , Shigematsu Naoyuki , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between radiation doses in prostate brachytherapy and deterioration of erectile function in patients with localized prostate cancer.MethodsA longitudinal survey study was carried out among 261 prostate cancer patients who received prostate brachytherapy. A total of 48 patients were potent at baseline and they did not receive any supplemental therapy preoperatively. Dosimetry parameters of the whole prostate gland, prostate apex, urethra and rectum were collected using the VariSeed 8.0 treatment planning system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA). We carried out a logistic regression analysis to clarify the relationship between radiation doses and erectile function deterioration, which was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function‐15 questionnaire.ResultsThe median patient age was 66 years (range 53–70 years) with a median follow‐up time of 44 months (36–71 months). The mean total International Index of Erectile Function‐15 score decreased from 49.9 at baseline to 34.7 after 12 months (P < 0.001), but gradually plateaued within 36 months. Erectile function deterioration was noted in 32 (66.7%) patients 36 months after prostate brachytherapy. In an analysis of risk factors for erectile function deterioration after prostate brachytherapy, age ≥70 years (P = 0.029), prostate V100 ≥95% (P = 0.024), apex V100 ≥95% (P = 0.024), apex V150 ≥70% (P = 0.009) and apex D90 ≥150 Gy (P = 0.011) correlated with erectile function deterioration. A multivariate analysis identified an age of ≥70 years (odds ratio 7.91, P = 0.024) and apex V150 ≥70% (odds ratio 7.75, P = 0.007) as independent risk factors for erectile function deterioration after prostate brachytherapy.ConclusionsAn excessive radiation dose, particularly to the prostate apex area, and an advanced age might have a negative impact on the preservation of potency after prostate brachytherapy.
Trap colour and aggregation pheromone dose affect the catch of western flower thrips in blackberry crops
Authors: Cruz‐Esteban Samuel , Rojas Julio C. , Hernández‐Ledesma Patricia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFrankliniella occidentalis causes significant damage to berry crops in Mexico. Traps may be used for monitoring or mass‐trapping thrips populations. Generally, colour traps are used for monitoring thrips, but sometimes a chemical stimulus can be added to the traps. However, there is conflicting information about what colour is the most attractive and efficient for capturing F. occidentalis. In this study, we first evaluated six colours of adhesive traps for catching F. occidentalis in blackberries grown in tunnels or in an open field. Subsequently, using the most attractive trap colour, we assessed the biological activity of neryl (S)‐2‐methylbutanoate and (R)‐lavandulyl acetate, components of the pheromone aggregation of F. occidentalis. Finally, we examined the effect of neryl (S)‐2‐methylbutanoate dosage rates on the number of captured thrips. We found that blue (tunnel) and yellow (open field) followed by violet traps captured a significantly greater number of F. occidentalis compared with the white, black and green traps. Our results confirm that neryl (S)‐2‐methylbutanoate is the only component necessary for enhancing the performance of coloured traps. Blue and yellow traps baited with 200–400 µg of neryl (S)‐2‐methylbutanoate increased the capture 2.5–3 times compared to unbaited traps. In all experiments, traps captured more females than males in blackberries grown in tunnels, whereas the opposite was found in blackberries cultivated in the open field. These results constitute the first step in the development of a monitoring system for F. occidentalis in soft fruit crops in Mexico.
Non‐completion of latent tuberculosis infection treatment among Vietnamese immigrants in Southern California: A retrospective study
Authors: Nguyen Truax Fayette , Morisky Donald , Low Julie , Carson Michael , Girma Haimanot , Nyamathi Adeline 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo examine socio‐demographic and health‐related factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment refusal, non‐initiation, and non‐completion among a cohort of Vietnamese immigrants.DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study in which LTBI charts were reviewed at a public health clinic in Orange County, California between January 2010 and August 2011.SampleAltogether, 474 patient charts with documented LTBI treatment were reviewed for patients who met the inclusion criteria.MeasurementsUnivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify socio‐demographic and health‐related factors associated with LTBI treatment refusal, non‐initiation, and non‐completion.ResultsOf the 474 charts reviewed, 171(36.1%) patients refused LTBI treatment and 21(6.9%) accepted but did not initiate. Of the 282 that started treatment, 62 (22.0%) did not complete the regimen prescribed. The primary barrier documented for treatment refusal and non‐completion was concern about medication side effects. Other barriers to treatment non‐completion include transportation issues and conflicts with travel plans or work schedules.ConclusionsCommunity and public health nurses working with the Vietnamese immigrant population can play a vital role in improving patients’ LTBI treatment acceptance, initiation, and completion. A proactive approach to addressing barriers and potential medication side effects can improve overall treatment success.
Oxygen Crossover in Solid-Solid Heat Exchangers for Solar Water and Carbon Dioxide Splitting: A Thermodynamic Analysis
Authors: Holzemer-Zerhusen Philipp , Brendelberger Stefan , Roeb Martin , Sattler Christian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In solar thermochemical redox cycles for H2O/CO2-splitting, a large portion of the overall energy demand of the system is associated with heating the redox material from the oxidation temperature to the reduction temperature. Hence, an important measure to improve the efficiency is recuperation of sensible heat stored in the redox material. A solid-solid heat exchanger can be subject to undesirable oxygen crossover, which decreases the oxygen uptake capacity of the redox material and consequently the system efficiency. We investigate the extent of this crossover in ceria based cycles, to identify, under which conditions a heat exchanger that allows oxygen crossover can improve the system efficiency. In a thermodynamic analysis we calculate the amount of transferred oxygen as a function of the heat exchanger efficiency and show the system efficiency of such a concept. A second law analysis is applied to the model to check the feasibility of calculated points of operation. For the investigated parameter set the heat exchanger design improves the system efficiency by a factor of up to 2.1.
Design, Construction and CFD Modeling of a Banana-Solar Dryer With Double Pass Solar Air Collector
Authors: Mutabilwa Philemon , Nwaigwe Kevin N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A work on the design, construction and computational fluid dynamics modelling of a solar dryer with a double pass solar air collector is presented. Using fundamental relationships, an indirect solar dying system for drying banana was designed and constructed. The system consists of a drying chamber and a double pass solar collector (DPSC), connected together with a flexible aluminum pipe. The system features a unique arrangement, as the drying chamber is underneath the double pass solar collector, and the solar collector itself can be adjusted to an angle of 0° up to 35° the maintenance or research purpose. The DPSC has five longitudinal fins, lying parallel with air flow. The solar dryer is incorporated with a convective DC fan that sucks hot air from the solar collector on to the drying chamber. The DPSC achieved an optimal peak outlet temperature of 345K with a maximum operational efficiency of 72.5%. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is achieved for prediction of the dryer temperature and 3D airflow distribution within the dryer unit using ANSYS 18.2. The CFD model was validated using experimental data. The developed dryer demonstrated improved efficiency over similar dryers, and this is attributable to the unique arrangement of component parts.
Design and Cost Study of Improved Scaled-Up Centrifugal Particle Receiver Based on Simulation
Authors: Frantz Cathy , Buck Reiner , Amsbeck Lars 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A numerical model of the CentRec® receiver has been developed and validated using the measurement data collected during the experimental test campaign of the centrifugal particle system at the solar tower Jülich. The model has been used to calculate the thermo-optical efficiency of a scaled-up 20 MWth receiver for various receiver geometries. A cost function has been deduced and was used to perform a technoeconomic optimization on an LCOH (levelized cost of heat) basis of the CentRec® receiver concept. Attractive LCOH as low as 0.0209 €/kWhth for a system with thermal storage, or as low as 0.0150 €/kWhth for the LCOH without storage, are predicted. This study has shown that the optimal configuration from an LCOH perspective for a 20 MWth centrifugal particle receiver reaches specific receiver costs of 35 €/kWth. Hereby the costs of the receiver can be reduced by 60 % compared to the original configuration.
Uncertainty in Predicting the Start-Up Time and Losses for a High Temperature Particle Receiver due to Solar Resource Variability
Authors: Rafique Muhammad M. , Nathan Graham , Saw Woei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of solar resource variability has been assessed on the start-up time and different heat transfer phenomena associated with a high temperature particle receiver. The receiver analyzed in this study has a cylindrical cavity made of three different layers in order to have good absorption, higher durability and lower thermal heat losses. A detailed transient mathematical model is developed, considering the input solar energy to the receiver aperture and all heat losses from the receiver cavity. The developed transient model is employed to study the time required to achieve a receiver start-up temperature from room temperature to 1000°C, under steady-state and transient operation, for the climatic conditions of Pinjarra, Australia. Furthermore, the total energy gain by the receiver and associated heat losses including re-radiation, convection, and conduction have been accounted for, with and without considering the solar resource variability. The results revealed that an uncertainty of about 40% exists in the prediction of the receiver start-up time and associated heat losses during the start-up period under steady state operation, with a constant input heat flux. This uncertainty in the prediction of the receiver start-up time and losses will directly affect the overall performance and design of the receiver, which will result in unscheduled disruption of the industrial process. This indicates a need to analyse the performance of high temperature particle receivers under transient conditions, considering the solar resource variability for practical implementation of this technology to different processes. This will help to investigate better control strategies for the inflow of particles, based on the real-time climatic conditions, to achieve better thermal performance.
Thermal Performance Analysis of a Novel U-Tube Evacuated Tube Solar Collector
Authors: Lim Celine S. L. , Pawar Vivek R. , Sobhansarbandi Sarvenaz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Solar water heating (SWH) systems are the most common application of renewable energy technology that converts solar radiation into useful energy for domestic/industrial activities. The novelty of this study is the design of a new SWH that combines the heat transfer and storage both in a single unit. The selected type of collector for this purpose is an evacuated tube solar collector (ETC). The new design of the ETC has been developed by applying a U-tube inside the collector which contains the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The HTF flows into an external heat exchanger that transfers heat to the water. The implementation of sugar alcohol namely Erythritol (C4H10O4) as the HTF for moderate operating temperature applications was investigated. Moreover, the utilization of solid-liquid phase change material, Tritriacontane paraffin (C33H68), inside the ETC, allows direct heat storage on the system and delayed release of heat. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of a single U-tube ETC is performed using ANSYS Fluent in stagnation (on-demand) operation. A 3D model of the ETC is developed and the appropriate boundary conditions are applied. Moreover, the thermal performance comparison of U-tube vs heat pipe ETC has been done. The results from this study shows the maximum fin temperature difference of 46°C of U-tube ETC compared with heat pipe ETC.
Thermal Energy Storage Using Solid Particles for Long-Duration Energy Storage
Authors: Ma Zhiwen , Davenport Patrick , Martinek Janna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The rapid growth of renewable energy increases the importance of economically firming the electricity supply from variable solar photovoltaic- and wind-power generators. Energy storage will be the key to manage variability and to bridge the generation gap over time scales of hours or days for high renewable grid integration. The integration of renewable power and storage of excess electricity has several significant and positive impacts including: 1) expanding the renewable energy portion of total electricity generation, 2) improving the peak-load response, and 3) coordinating the electricity supply and demand over the grid. Long-duration energy storage can potentially complement the reduction of fossil-fuel baseload generation that otherwise would risk grid security when a large portion of grid power comes from variable renewable sources. Several energy storage methods are deployed or under development, including mechanical, chemical or electrochemical, and thermal energy storage (TES). Comparing their economic potential for different scales and applications helps identify suitable technology to support high renewable grid integration. Despite the progress of TES technologies developed and deployed with concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, TES has been undervalued for its potential role in electric energy storage. This paper introduces TES methods applicable to grid energy storage and particularly focuses on solid-particle-based TES to serve the purpose of long-duration energy storage (LDES). The objective of this paper is to present a standalone particle-based TES system for electric storage and to show the potential of TES systems for LDES applications over other energy storage methods such as batteries, compressed-air energy storage, or pumped-storage hydropower.
Near Optimal Model Predictive Control of Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Qureshi O. A. , Armstrong P. R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Efficient plant operation can be achieved by properly loading and sequencing available chillers to charge a thermal energy storage (TES) reservoir. TES charging sequences are often determined by heuristic rules that typically aim to reduce utility costs under time of use rates. However, such rules of thumb are in most cases far from optimal even for this task. Rigorous optimization, on the other hand, is computationally expensive and can be unreliable as well if not carefully implemented. Model-predictive control (MPC) that is reliable, as well as effective, in TES application must be developed. The goal is to develop an algorithm that can reach ∼80% of achievable energy efficiency and peak shifting capacity with very high reliability.
A novel algorithm is developed to reliably achieve near optimal control for charging cool storage in chiller plants. Algorithm provides a constant COP (or cost per ton-hour) for 24-hr dispatch plan at which plant operates during most favorable weather conditions. Preliminary evaluation of this novel algorithm has indicated up to 6% improvement in plant annual operating cost relative to the same plant operating without TES. TOU rate used in both cases charges 7.4cents/kWh during off peak hours and 9.8cents/kWh during peak hours (Peak hours are 10 am to 10 pm).
Effect of Waste Vegetable Oil on Cooling Performance and Lifetime of Power Transformers
Authors: Ebrahimnia-Bajestan Ehsan , Arjmand Mohammad , Tiznobaik Hani 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During the operation of a power transformer, a large amount of heat is generated due to the electrical and magnetic energy losses in its core and windings, causing a temperature rise in transformers. This generated heat is known as the main factor for aging the electrical insulating system of a transformer. In this research, we numerically studied the ability of a vegetable-based oil — as an alternative coolant for the petroleum-based oils — on the cooling performance of a power transformer. The studied oil was a biodiesel produced from waste cooking vegetable oils, having lower viscosity compared to traditional mineral oils. We also calculated the aging rate of the transformer in the presence of the biodiesel. The results indicated that compared to the mineral oil, the average hotspot temperature of the transformer is 3 degrees lower when the biodiesel was used. The life expectancy of the transformer with the vegetable-based oil was also significantly longer than the case with mineral oil. In conclusion, this study provided a sustainable way to use an eco-friendly material produced from a waste resource as an alternative insulating liquid for the cooling of power transformers.