bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIDEPRESSANT USE AND MORTALITY RISK IN OLDER ADULTS WITH HISTORY OF STROKE
Authors: Lenox Madison B , Tran Victor , Tworek Grace , Solow Andrew , Hincapie Diana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The American Stroke Association reports stroke as the fourth leading cause of death in the United States, with 66% of hospitalized cases being older adults. Recovery from stroke is a public health issue, as post-stroke depression (PSD) is a significant concern. Approximately 20-23% of stroke survivors identified co-occurring diagnoses, which are associated with physical, functional, and cognitive limitations and increased mortality risk. Antidepressant use has exhibited its efficacy in treating PSD. This study explores the association between antidepressant use and mortality risk in older adults with history of stroke. Older adults aged 65 and older (N=3631, 55.4% female, 72.6% Caucasian, Mage=79.64 years, SDage=7.29 years, MEd=14.55 years, SDEd=8.269 years) with history of stroke were selected from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database to explore the association between antidepressant use and mortality. A chi-squared test of independence was calculated comparing antidepressant use and mortality rates. A significant association was found (χ2 (1) = 15.933, p &lt; .001) between current antidepressant use and mortality. Findings suggest antidepressant use is associated with lower mortality rates in subjects with a history of stroke. Implications include highlighting the role psychologists play in the early identification of PSD and early antidepressant intervention post-stroke to increase life longevity. Although findings only infer association, they demonstrate evidence for the link between PSD, antidepressant use, and lower mortality rates. Future directions include exploring other forms of depression treatment and mechanisms of antidepressant use. Limitations include examining potential moderators (e.g., gender, SES, type of stroke), and substance use within this population.
Sharpness of the 410-km discontinuity from the P410s and P2p410s seismic phases
Authors: Vinnik Lev , Deng Yangfan , Kosarev Grigoriy , Oreshin Sergey , Zhang Zhou , Makeyeva Larissa 
Published: November 2019

Summary
Sharpness of the 410-km boundary is of interest because it is sensitive to water content in the transition zone. We evaluate the width of the 410-km discontinuity with a new seismic method. Our estimates are inferred from the amplitude ratio of the P2p410s and P410s seismic phases that are detected in P-wave receiver functions. We applied this method to seismic recordings from arrays of broad-band stations deployed in central Fennoscandia, southern Africa and southern China. The obtained estimates of width of the 410-km discontinuity range from 10 to 22 km and always exceed the width of 7 km which is expected for anhydrous conditions. The enlarged width may be interpreted in terms of hydrous conditions, but we have found only one region (the eastern Yangtze Craton in China) where the broad 410-km discontinuity, as expected, is accompanied by a broad transition zone. Water in the transition zone may be a kind of a global phenomenon, but evidence of the enlarged width of the transition zone may be missing in most of our data because the reference seismic model is affected by water, as well.
Time-lapse velocity imaging via deep learning
Authors: Yuan Congcong , Zhang Xiong , Jia Xiaofeng , Zhang Jie 
Published: November 2019

Summary
It is of great significance and a great challenge to quickly and effectively monitor subsurface time-lapse velocities in the earth. Over the past few decades, regularized iterative methods, such as traveltime and waveform inversions, have been presented to monitor velocity changes. Due to high processing cost, these iterative methods have been hardly employed in practice to investigate the subsurface velocity changes in real time. In this study, we propose a new time-lapse imaging technique that effectively eliminates these limitations and directly produces accurate velocity changes from the time-lapse data. The approach uses a fully convolutional neural network (FCN) to perform the inverse problem. The network architecture consists of a contracting path to quickly extract the features of waveform data and a symmetric expanding path to yield an accurate velocity model. With the known baseline velocity and data, we cast a mapping between time-lapse data and target velocity changes via the proposed FCN algorithm. Along with the observed time-lapse data, this mapping will generate a predictive estimation of the target velocity changes. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of our approach in three 2D synthetic tests. The proposed technique is able to invert the velocity changes successfully with much higher efficiency than the regular double-difference full waveform inversion.
Modulation of hepatocyte sialylation drives spontaneous fatty liver disease and inflammation
Authors: Oswald Douglas M , Jones Mark B , Cobb Brian A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCirculatory protein glycosylation is a biomarker of multiple disease and inflammatory states and has been applied in the clinic for liver dysfunction, heart disease and diabetes. With the notable exception of antibodies, the liver produces most of the circulatory glycoproteins, including the acute phase proteins released as a function of the inflammatory response. Among these proteins is β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1), an enzyme required for α2,6-linked sialylation of glycoproteins. Here, we describe a hepatocyte-specific conditional knockout of ST6Gal1 (H-cKO) using albumin promoter-driven Cre-lox recombination. We confirm the loss of circulatory glycoprotein α2,6 sialylation and note no obvious dysfunction or pathology in young H-cKO mice, yet these mice show robust changes in plasma glycoprotein fucosylation, branching and the abundance of bisecting GlcNAc and marked changes in a number of metabolic pathways. As H-cKO mice aged, they spontaneously developed fatty liver disease characterized by the buildup of fat droplets in the liver, inflammatory cytokine production and a shift in liver leukocyte phenotype away from anti-inflammatory Kupffer cells and towards proinflammatory M1 macrophages. These findings connect hepatocyte and circulatory glycoprotein sialylation to the regulation of metabolism and inflammation, potentially identifying the glycome as a new target for liver-driven disease.
Left atrial appendage aneurysm
Authors: Jiang Bo , Wang Xi , Liu Feng , Song Long 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Left atrial appendage aneurysm is an infrequent abnormality presenting as atrial tachyarrhythmias, progressive dyspnoea, atypical chest pain and systemic thromboembolism. Surgical excision is considered to prevent fatal complications, even in asymptomatic cases. We describe the case of a 44-year-old woman with a history of acute cerebral infarction caused by emboli from a giant left atrial appendage aneurysm, which is the largest one reported to date. Histopathology and Masson staining confirmed the final diagnosis.
Social Media and Beliefs about Climate Change: A Cross-National Analysis of News Use, Political Ideology, and Trust in Science
Authors: Diehl Trevor , Huber Brigitte , Gil de Zúñiga Homero , Liu James 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study explores the individual- and country-level factors that influence how getting news from social media relates to people’s beliefs about anthropogenic climate change. Concepts of psychological distance and motivated reasoning are tested using multilevel analysis with survey data in 20 countries (N = 18,785). Results suggest that using social media for news is associated with a decrease in climate skepticism across the sample. However, social context at the individual-level (conservative political ideology and low trust in science) and at the macro-level (high gross domestic product and individualism) moderate the effect, and therefore reduce social media’s potential to inform the public about climate change. This study contributes to conversations about the ability of emerging media to address science issues, particularly in developing countries.
Engaging Ethicists in Animal Research Policymaking
Authors: Hvitved Angela N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The significance of ethical considerations for animal research policy has long been acknowledged, but the role of philosophical ethics in the policymaking process has been less clear. By comparing the ethical framework of animal research policy with that for human subjects research, this article considers how the legacies of these two policy areas influence current policy and suggests that ethicists and ethical scholarship have been underutilized in developing animal research policy. An important aspect of policymaking is gathering and responding to input provided by various stakeholders. Given their expertise in a highly relevant area, ethicists should be considered key stakeholders in animal research policy deliberations. This article explores the role of ethicists and ethical scholarship in influencing animal research policy and suggests that a more robust engagement with the professional ethics community throughout the deliberative process is vital for policymakers to adequately account for ethical considerations.
Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity During Orthohantavirus Infection Is Associated With Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Schmedes Clare M , Grover Steven P , Hisada Yohei M , Goeijenbier Marco , Hultdin Johan , Nilsson Sofie , Thunberg Therese , Ahlm Clas , Mackman Nigel , Fors Connolly Anne-Marie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Patients with HFRS have an activated coagulation system with increased risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of the study was to determine whether circulating extracellular vesicle tissue factor (EVTF) activity levels associates with DIC and VTE (grouped as intravascular coagulation) in HFRS patients.

Methods
Longitudinal samples were collected from 88 HFRS patients. Patients were stratified into groups of those with intravascular coagulation (n = 27) and those who did not (n = 61). We measured levels of circulating EVTF activity, fibrinogen, activated partial prothrombin time, D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and platelets.

Results
Plasma EVTF activity was transiently increased during HFRS. Levels of EVTF activity were significantly associated with plasma tPA and PAI-1, suggesting that endothelial cells could be a potential source. Patients with intravascular coagulation had significantly higher peak EVTF activity levels compared with those who did not, even after adjustment for sex and age. The peak EVTF activity value predicting intravascular coagulation was 0.51 ng/L with 63% sensitivity and 61% specificity with area under the curve = 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.76) and P = .046.

Conclusions
Plasma EVTF activity during HFRS is associated with intravascular coagulation.
Deep Instability in the Phylogenetic Backbone of Heteroptera is Only Partly Overcome by Transcriptome-Based Phylogenomics
Authors: de Moya Robert S , Weirauch Christiane , Sweet Andrew D , Skinner Rachel K , Walden Kimberly K O , Swanson Daniel R , Dietrich Christopher H , Johnson Kevin P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Heteroptera is a diverse suborder of insects that includes many plant pests, human disease vectors, and nuisance pests, but also beneficial insects. Previous analyses have supported recognition of seven monophyletic infraorders. A clade comprising Leptopodomorpha, Pentatomomorpha, and Cimicomorpha is also well-accepted, but relationships among the early-diverging lineages, including the aquatic infraorders (Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha), have remained poorly resolved and controversial. Phylogenomic analyses of 2,159 gene alignments derived from Illumina sequencing of transcriptomes were employed to explore the stability of relationships among major heteropteran lineages. These analyses included maximum likelihood analyses of amino acid and nucleotide sequences, as well as multi-species coalescent analysis and quartet sampling. All analyses favored a sister position of the Nepomorpha to the remaining Heteroptera. The placement of the Nepomorpha and other ambiguously supported nodes, including some within the Pentatomomorpha were explored with quartet sampling. Results of quartet sampling revealed only a slight majority of quartets supported the placement of the Nepomorpha, and some varying alternate topologies were supported within the Pentatomomorpha. These results highlight the instability of deep nodes that divide aquatic and other early-diverging lineages within the Heteroptera, suggesting that some relationships remain difficult to resolve even with large amounts of data. In addition, despite the large amount of transcriptome data analyzed, quartet sampling revealed considerable underlying conflict for some nodes, even where bootstrap support is high, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple clade support values when analyzing phylogenomic datasets.
Distinguishing between Contact and Administration of Heroin from a Single Fingerprint using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Costa Catia , Ismail Mahado , Stevenson Derek , Gibson Brian , Webb Roger , Bailey Melanie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fingerprints have been proposed as a promising new matrix for drug testing. In previous work it has been shown that a fingerprint can be used to distinguish between drug users and nonusers. Herein, we look at the possibility of using a fingerprint to distinguish between dermal contact and administration of heroin. Fingerprint samples were collected from (i) 10 patients attending a drug rehabilitation clinic, (ii) 50 nondrug users and (iii) participants who touched 2 mg street heroin, before and after various hand cleaning procedures. Oral fluid was also taken from the patients. All samples were analyzed using a liquid chromatography—high resolution mass spectrometry method validated in previous work for heroin and 6-AM. The HRMS data were analyzed retrospectively for morphine, codeine, 6-acetylcodeine and noscapine. Heroin and 6-AM were detected in all fingerprint samples produced from contact with heroin, even after hand washing. In contrast, morphine, acetylcodeine and noscapine were successfully removed after hand washing. In patient samples, the detection of morphine, noscapine and acetylcodeine (alongside heroin and 6-AM) gave a closer agreement to patient testimony on whether they had recently used heroin than the detection of heroin and 6-AM alone. This research highlights the importance of washing hands prior to donating a fingerprint sample to distinguish recent contact with heroin from heroin use.
International migration, cross-cultural interaction, and the development of personal wisdom
Authors: Kutor Senanu K. , Raileanu Alexandru , Simandan Dragos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDrawing on semi-structured in-depth interviews with Romanian immigrants in Ontario, Canada, conducted between 2014 and 2018, this article explores how the experiences acquired by the Romanian immigrants through migration and multicultural intercourse facilitate the development of personal wisdom. We show how our research participants perceived these geographical processes of migration and place-based multiethnic cohabitation to account for their growing wiser than their earlier selves. Specifically, we organize the description of these perceptions into three interrelated themes: (1) changes in perspective, (2) the learning of new things, and (3) the role of place in fostering wisdom. Against this background, the article also highlights the boundary conditions within which these processes may or may not foster the development of wisdom, acknowledging that not all migratory and multicultural experiences lead to prosocial and adaptive outcomes. Our discussion of these boundary conditions with the research participants coalesced into five recurrent themes: (1) adaptation to the new environment and social system, (2) the role of the host environment as a boundary condition, (3) the problem of unmet expectations, (4) the magnitude of the cultural shocks, and (5) the language barrier. Bearing the complex politics of these boundary conditions in mind, we argue that the experience of international migration and subsequent cross-cultural interaction can be usefully understood as a ‘fertile ground’ for the flourishing of personal wisdom, which itself can act as an individual and collective resource for cohabitation in multicultural settings.
The GALAH survey: temporal chemical enrichment of the galactic disc
Authors: Lin Jane , Asplund Martin , Ting Yuan-Sen , Casagrande Luca , Buder Sven , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Casey Andrew R , De Silva Gayandhi M , D’Orazi Valentina , Freeman Ken C , Kos Janez , Lind K , Martell Sarah L , Sharma Sanjib , Simpson Jeffrey D , Zwitter Tomaž , Zucker Daniel B , Minchev Ivan , Čotar Klemen , Hayden Michael , Horner Jonti , Lewis Geraint F , Nordlander Thomas , Wyse Rosemary F G , Žerjal Maruša 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We present isochrone ages and initial bulk metallicities ($\rm [Fe/H]_{bulk}$, by accounting for diffusion) of 163 722 stars from the GALAH Data Release 2, mainly composed of main-sequence turn-off stars and subgiants ($7000\, \mathrm{ K}&gt; T_{\mathrm{ eff}}&gt; 4000\, \mathrm{ K}$ and $\log g&gt;3$ dex). The local age–metallicity relationship (AMR) is nearly flat but with significant scatter at all ages; the scatter is even higher when considering the observed surface abundances. After correcting for selection effects, the AMR appears to have intrinsic structures indicative of two star formation events, which we speculate are connected to the thin and thick discs in the solar neighbourhood. We also present abundance ratio trends for 16 elements as a function of age, across different $\rm [Fe/H]_{bulk}$ bins. In general, we find the trends in terms of [X/Fe] versus age from our far larger sample to be compatible with studies based on small (∼100 stars) samples of solar twins, but we now extend them to both sub- and supersolar metallicities. The α-elements show differing behaviour: the hydrostatic α-elements O and Mg show a steady decline with time for all metallicities, while the explosive α-elements Si, Ca, and Ti are nearly constant during the thin-disc epoch (ages $\lesssim \! 12$ Gyr). The s-process elements Y and Ba show increasing [X/Fe] with time while the r-process element Eu has the opposite trend, thus favouring a primary production from sources with a short time delay such as core-collapse supernovae over long-delay events such as neutron star mergers.
Radiative stellar feedback in galaxy formation: Methods and physics
Authors: Hopkins Philip F , Grudić Michael Y , Wetzel Andrew , Kereš Dušan , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Ma Xiangcheng , Murray Norman , Butcher Nathan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Radiative feedback (RFB) from stars plays a key role in galaxies, but remains poorly understood. We explore this using high-resolution, multifrequency radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations from the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project. We study ultrafaint dwarf through Milky Way mass scales, including H+He photoionization; photoelectric, Lyman Werner, Compton, and dust heating; and single+multiple scattering radiation pressure (RP). We compare distinct numerical algorithms: ray-based LEBRON (exact when optically thin) and moments-based M1 (exact when optically thick). The most important RFB channels on galaxy scales are photoionization heating and single-scattering RP: in all galaxies, most ionizing/far-UV luminosity (∼1/2 of lifetime-integrated bolometric) is absorbed. In dwarfs, the most important effect is photoionization heating from the UV background suppressing accretion. In MW-mass galaxies, metagalactic backgrounds have negligible effects; but local photoionization and single-scattering RP contribute to regulating the galactic star formation efficiency and lowering central densities. Without some RFB (or other ‘rapid’ FB), resolved GMCs convert too-efficiently into stars, making galaxies dominated by hyperdense, bound star clusters. This makes star formation more violent and ‘bursty’ when SNe explode in these hyperclustered objects: thus, including RFB ‘smoothes’ SFHs. These conclusions are robust to RHD methods, but M1 produces somewhat stronger effects. Like in previous FIRE simulations, IR multiple-scattering is rare (negligible in dwarfs, $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of RP in massive galaxies): absorption occurs primarily in ‘normal’ GMCs with AV ∼ 1.
Pulsation and rotation in NGC 6811: the Kepler short-cadence stars
Authors: Rodríguez E , Balona L A , López-González M J , Ocando S , Martín-Ruiz S , Rodríguez-López C 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We have analysed a selected sample of 36 Kepler short-cadence stars in the field of NGC 6811. The results reveal that all the targets are variable: two red giant stars with solar-like oscillations, 21 main-sequence pulsators (16 δ Scuti and five γ Doradus stars), and 13 rotating variables. Three new γ Doradus (γ Dor) variables (one is a hot γ Dor star) are detected in this work together with five new rotating variables. An in-depth frequency analysis of the δ Scuti (δ Sct) and γ Dor stars in the sample shows that the frequency spectra are very rich, in particular for the δ Sct-type variables. They present very dense frequency distributions and wide diversity in frequency patterns, even for stars being members of the cluster and with very similar location in the Hertzsprung–Russell (H–R) diagram. Rotational modulation is found for a high percentage of these main-sequence pulsating stars, which is an indication of stellar activity being common on the surfaces of these hot stars. In some cases, activity dominates the luminosity variations. Significant amplitude variability is also detected in at least some of the pulsation modes of highest amplitude in almost all the δ Sct stars. One of the δ Sct pulsators is a member of a binary system with the pulsating component tidally distorted. This system also shows strong stellar activity, including several flares that probably originate in the δ Sct component.
The perturbed FLRW metric on all scales: Newtonian limit and top-hat collapse
Authors: Finke Andreas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The applicability of a linearized perturbed FLRW metric to the late, lumpy universe has been subject to debate. We consider in an elementary way the Newtonian limit of the Einstein equations with this ansatz for the case of structure formation in late-time cosmology, on small and on large scales, and argue that linearizing the Einstein tensor produces only a small error down to arbitrarily small, decoupled scales (e.g. solar system scales). On subhorizon patches, the metric scale factor becomes a coordinate choice equivalent to choosing the spatial curvature, and not a sign that the FLRW metric cannot perturbatively accommodate very different local physical expansion rates of matter; we distinguish these concepts, and show that they merge on large scales for the Newtonian limit to be globally valid. Furthermore, on subhorizon scales, a perturbed FLRW metric ansatz does not already imply assumptions on isotropy, and effects beyond a FLRW background, including those potentially caused by nonlinearities of GR, may be encoded into nontrivial boundary conditions. The corresponding cosmologies have already been developed in a Newtonian setting by Heckmann and Schücking and none of these boundary conditions can explain the accelerated expansion of the universe. Our analysis of the field equations is confirmed on the level of solutions by an example of pedagogical value, comparing a collapsing top-hat overdensity (embedded into a cosmological background) treated in such perturbative manner to the corresponding exact solution of GR, where we find good agreement even in the regimes of strong density contrast