bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single vs. Recurrent Episodes of Preeclampsia-population–based Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics
Authors: Mastrolia Salvatore Andrea , Taran Boris , Kachko Eric , Mor Omer , Beer-Wiesel Ruth , Eshkoli Tamar , Dukler Doron , Miodownik Shayna , Erez Offer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective:
The aims of this study were to determine the differences between women with single vs. recurrent episodes of preeclampsia in term of: (1) the outcome of the first pregnancy affected by preeclampsia; and (2) the perinatal outcomes of subsequent pregnancies.

Methods:
This population based retrospective cohort study included all multiparous patients with a singleton gestation who delivered at Soroka University Medical Center (Beer Sheva, Israel) from January 1988 until December 2012, meeting the inclusion criteria, those who had fetuses with chromosomal or anatomical abnormalities were exclude. Our cohort included 213,558 deliveries that met the inclusion criteria, of them 208,017 had normotensive pregnancies and 5541 had preeclampsia. The latter group was further divided into those who had a single episode of preeclampsia followed by normotensive gestations (n = 3879), and women who had recurrent preeclampsia (n = 1662). We used parametric and non-parametric statistics as appropriate.

Results:
(1) Women with recurrent preeclampsia had an increased rate of early ((130/1662) 7.8% vs. (171/3879) 4.4%, P < 0.001) and late ((268/1662) 16.1% vs. (438/3879) 11.3%, P < 0.001) preterm deliveries than a single episode of preeclampsia; (2) of interest, the rate of chronic hypertension is higher in the first pregnancy of those with a single preeclampsia episode (P < 0.001), while women with recurrent preeclampsia developed it in the subsequent gestations (P < 0.001); (3) the rate of small for gestational age neonates in the index pregnancy was higher in those with recurrent rather than a single episode of preeclampsia (single episode 450/3879,11.6%, recurrent preeclampsia 244/1662, 14.7%, P = 0.002); (4) patients with recurrent disease had an increased rate of cesarean deliveries in the subsequent pregnancies (P < 0.001); and (5) patients who developed severe preeclampsia in the subsequent gestations had lower mean birthweight (P < 0.001), a higher rate of perinatal mortality (P < 0.001), and a lower Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes (P < 0.001), than those who developed mild preeclampsia in subsequent pregnancies, those with a single episode of preeclampsia and the control group.

Conclusion:
Recurrent preeclampsia increases the rate of pregnancy complications in the following gestations. Early onset preeclampsia at the index pregnancy of women with recurrent preeclampsia, is associated with increased risk for severe preeclampsia, placental abruption and perinatal mortality in subsequent pregnancies.
Endothelial Keratoplasty Update 2020
Authors: Price Marianne O. , Feng Matthew T. , Price Francis W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract:
Endothelial keratoplasty has revolutionized the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction and lowered the threshold for treatment by providing rapid visual rehabilitation and setting a high standard for safety and efficacy. Over time, endothelial keratoplasty techniques have evolved toward the use of thinner tissue to optimize visual outcomes; refinements have facilitated donor tissue preparation, handling, and attachment; and adaptations have expanded utilization in eyes with challenging ocular anatomy. Despite early concerns about graft longevity, emerging 10-year endothelial cell loss and graft survival data have been encouraging. A shortage of human donor corneas restricts utilization in many areas of the world and is driving a search for keratoplasty alternatives. Further work is needed to expand the donor supply, minimize impediments to adoption, optimize graft survival, and improve refractive predictability.
Employer-Sponsored Sports Programs Amid COVID-19
Authors: Kwon Youngbum , Seo Hyomin 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To examine the effect of bridging social capital through sports programs on the job insecurity–well-being relationship.

Methods:
A total of 473 Korean employees participated in a cross-sectional survey in May 2020. Using structural equation modeling, we tested the following hypotheses: (a) job insecurity will partially mediate the relationship between perceived threat and well-being and (b) social capital through sports programs will moderate the relationship between job insecurity and well-being. Socioeconomic status was used as a control variable for well-being.

Results:
The hypothesized relationships in the structural model were all significant (P < .001). Bridging social capital through sports programs had a significant moderating effect on the proposed relationship.

Conclusions:
Strong bridging social capital through employer-sponsored sports programs is likely to buffer the detrimental effect of job insecurity on employee well-being.
Medically Unnecessary Female Genital Alteration
Authors: Joseph Rachel A. , Mullen Lora M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Medically unnecessary female genital alteration (MUFGA) aka female genital mutilation or female circumcision is a cultural practice in several countries in the Middle East and Africa. There are four major types of MUFGA where parts of external genitalia of a girl are removed to varying levels leading to several complications such as infection, hemorrhage, obstetric complications, and even death. The United Nations has condemned this practice and called for abolition of MUFGA. However, this practice is continued in these countries, and when people migrate, they continue the practice. It is considered abuse or violation of human rights. Knowledge about MUFGA is scanty among health care providers in the West. This brief article attempts to raise awareness among health care providers, particularly nurses, so that they will provide the right care, both physical and emotional, to the girls and women who have experienced having MUFGA.
Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Athletic Performance in NCAA Division III Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Tremback-Ball Amy , Fulton Kaitlin , Giampietro Nicole , Gibbons Megan , Kneller Arielle , Zelinka Hayley 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Gender-specific aspects of physiology influence multiple systems including the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal systems. Studies have shown that female athletes are 2 to 10 times more susceptible to ligamentous injury than men. Studies contributed these findings to varying anatomical structure between men and women, hormonal changes throughout the menstrual cycle, and some athletes taking oral contraceptives. A female athlete may be just as fit as her male counterpart, yet it is recognized that the menstrual cycle has unique physiological and psychological effects on athletic performance. Fluctuations in sex hormones and symptoms of the menstrual cycle may impact one's ability to train and compete.

Objectives:
To analyze the effect of the menstrual cycle on athletic performance in NCAA Division III collegiate athletes.

Study Design:
Prospective, nonexperimental, descriptive study.

Methods:
Participants were recruited from NCAA Division III universities in Pennsylvania. Data were collected on participants' demographics, menstrual cycle history, use of birth control, premenstrual symptoms, and athletic performance. Athletic performance was examined and compared during the follicular and luteal phases and during nonmenstruating and menstruating days.

Results:
Eight athletes were included in the analysis. No trends were observed when comparing athletic performance during the follicular and luteal phases. When examining nonmenstruating and menstruating days, most average race times slowed or increased.

Conclusion:
Incorporating menstrual cycle tracking into a plan of care can help therapists determine best exercises based on phase of cycle. Therapists can also educate patients at risk of injury, modifying training plans and expectations on performance.
Topical Review: Causes of Refractive Error After Silicone-oil Removal Combined with Cataract Surgery
Authors: Shu Zhi-Min , Li Fu-Qiang , Che Song-Tian , Shan Chen-Li , Zhao Jin-Song 
Published: November 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
This review summarizes the main factors of refractive error after silicone oil removal combined with cataract surgery.
The post-operative refractive results of silicone oil removal combined with cataract surgery are closely related to the patient's future vision quality. This report summarizes the factors that influence the difference between the actual post-operative refractive power and the pre-operatively predicted refractive power after silicone oil removal combined with cataract surgery, including axial length, anterior chamber depth, silicone oil, commonly used tools for measuring intraocular lens power, and intraocular lens power calculation formulas, among others. The aim of the report is to assist clinical and scientific research on the elimination of refractive error after silicone oil removal combined with cataract surgery.
The Development of a Novel International Elective in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Mathews Amy , Doobay-Persaud Ashti , Rydberg Leslie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Interest in global health is rising in graduate medical education. Trainees are increasingly seeking high-quality, ethically sound, and educationally robust opportunities for global medical rotations (Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2014;128(2):148–51). When based on best educational practices, these opportunities can provide a unique learning experience for residents in traditional physical medicine and rehabilitation programs. This article describes the development of an international rotation in physical medicine and rehabilitation including specific competency-based physical medicine and rehabilitation global health learning objectives, predeparture training, rotation structure, and postrotation feedback mechanisms. The aim is to present the development of the program as a resource for both residents and program directors to help create and maximize existing rotations at their own institutions. Learners must complete predeparture requirements that include completion of a musculoskeletal rotation and global health didactics intended to provide foundational knowledge in physiatry and global health. Postrotation requirements include the residency program’s standardized evaluation form, resident survey, and self-reflection essay. Experience from a novel 4-wk pilot rotation to Punta Gorda, Belize, is described to exemplify Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–based learning objectives as well as the benefits of a formalized rotation structure. Using this unique set of learning objectives and proposed rotation requirements, the authors believe that physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs can develop valuable global health learning experiences.
High Coverage of Antiretroviral Treatment With Annual Home-Based HIV Testing, Follow-up Linkage Services, and Implementation of Test and Start: Findings From the Chókwè Health Demographic Surveillance System, Mozambique, 2014–2019
Authors: Pathmanathan Ishani , Nelson Robert , de Louvado Alzira , Thompson Ricardo , Pals Sherri , Casavant Isabelle , Cardoso Maria Judite Antonio , Ujamaa Dawud , Bonzela Juvêncio , Mikusova Silvia , Chivurre Victor , Tamele Stelio , Sleeman Katrina , Zhang Guoqing , Zeh Clement , Dobbs Trudy , Vubil Adolfo , Auld Andrew , Briggs-Hagen Melissa , Vergara Alfredo , Couto Aleny , MacKellar Duncan 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) is necessary for HIV epidemic control and depends on early diagnosis and successful linkage to care. Since 2014, annual household-based HIV testing and counseling and linkage services have been provided through the Chókwè Health and Demographic Surveillance System for residents testing HIV positive in this high HIV-burden district.

Methods:
District-wide Test and Start [T&S, ART for all people living with HIV (PLHIV)] began in August 2016, supported by systematic interventions to improve linkage to care and treatment. Annual rounds (R) of random household surveys were conducted to assess trends in population prevalence of ART use and viral load suppression (<1000 viral RNA copies/mL).

Results:
Between R1 (April 2014–April 2015) and R5 (April 2018–Mar 2019), 46,090 (67.2%) of 68,620 residents aged 15–59 years were tested for HIV at home at least once, and 3711 were newly diagnosed with HIV and provided linkage services. Population prevalence of current ART use among PLHIV increased from 65.0% to 87.5% between R1 and R5. ART population prevalence was lowest among men aged 25–34 years (67.8%) and women aged 15–24 (78.0%), and highest among women aged 35–44 years (93.6%) and 45–59 years (93.7%) in R5. Viral load suppression prevalence increased among all PLHIV aged 15–59 years from 52.0% in R1 to 78.3% in R5.

Discussion:
Between 2014 and 2019, Chókwè Health and Demographic Surveillance System residents surpassed the UNAIDS targets of ≥81% of PLHIV on ART and ≥73% virally suppressed. This achievement supports the combination of efforts from household-based HIV testing and counseling, support for linkage to care and treatment, and continued investments in T&S implementation.
Risk Factors for Wound Complications After Soft Tissue Sarcoma Resection
Authors: Perrault David P. , Lee Gene K. , Yu Roy P. , Carre Antoine Lyonel , Chattha Anmol , Johnson Maxwell B. , Gardner Daniel J. , Carey Joseph N. , Tseng William W. , Menendez Lawrence R. , Wong Alex K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogenous group of malignant tumors that represent approximately 1% of adult malignancies. Although these tumors occur throughout the body, the majority involved the lower extremity. Management may involve amputation but more commonly often includes wide local resection by an oncologic surgeon and involvement of a plastic surgeon for reconstruction of larger and more complex defects. Postoperative wound complications are challenging for the surgeon and patient but also impact management of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. To explore risk factors for wound complications, we reviewed our single-institution experience of lower-extremity soft tissue sarcomas from April 2009 to September 2016. We identified 127 patients for retrospective review and analysis. The proportion of patients with wound complications in the cohort was 43.3%. Most notably, compared with patients without wound complications, patients with wound complications had a higher proportion of immediate reconstruction (34.5% vs 15.3%; P = 0.05) and a marginally higher proportion who received neoadjuvant radiation (30.9% vs 16.7%; P = 0.06).
Differences and Similarities Between Eastern and Western Rhinoplasty
Authors: Lao William Wei-Kai , Hsieh Tung-Ying , Ramirez Alejandro E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe authors collectively reviewed their experiences in performing rhinoplasty in North America, Asia, and South America and categorized common undesirable features in Eastern and Western rhinoplasty and their respective surgical algorithms. In Western rhinoplasty, the surgery is often reduction in nature. The proposed algorithm is a dorsum-first, tip-second surgical sequence to better suit the need of this population. Meanwhile in Eastern rhinoplasty, the surgery is often augmentation in nature with extra materials needed to build the nose. The proposed algorithm is the opposite, a tip-first and dorsum-second surgical sequence.
The degeneration of upper and lower motor neuron from the perspective of clinical neurological examination and MRI-electromyography manifold detection in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Jin Jiaoting , Hu Fangfang , Zhang Qiuli , Chen Qiaoyi , Li Haining , Qin Xing , Ji Rui , Kang Li , Dang Yonghui , Dang Jingxia 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the upper motor neurons (UMN) and lower motor neurons (LMN) degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) from the perspective of the clinical neurological examination and MRI-electromyography manifold detection, respectively.

Methods
The clinical data, cortical thickness of corresponding areas in different body regions in MRI and electromyography data were collected from 108 classical ALS patients.

Results
The kappa value of UMN and LMN involvement signs in the bulbar region (0.31) was higher than that of the left upper limb (−0.13), right upper limb (−0.27), left lower limb (−0.05) and right lower limb (−0.08). The cortical thickness in the positive LMN damage group was thinner than that of the negative LMN damage group in the left head–face area (P < 0.05; Cohen’s d = 0.84); however, cortical thickness showed no significant differences in the right head–face, bilateral tongue–larynx, upper-limb, trunk and lower-limb areas between LMN-damage-positive and LMN-damage-negative groups.

Conclusion
The degeneration of motor neuron could be independent through UMN and LMN levels. The degenerative process was not only confined to UMN and LMN levels but can also expand to white matter fiber tracts. Thus, the degeneration of UMN and LMN might be independent of the motor system’s three-dimensional anatomy.
Lidocaine inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by modulating the circEZH2/miR-181b-5p pathway
Authors: Wen Jian , Li Xin , Ding Yan , Zheng Shaohua , Xiao Ying 
Published: November 2020

Background
Lidocaine is well known as a local anesthetic that has been reported to play an antitumor role in numerous cancers, including glioma. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play multiple biological roles in cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of lidocaine in glioma in vitro and in vivo and explore functional mechanisms.

Methods
The effects of lidocaine on glioma progression were investigated by cell proliferation, migration and invasion using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, colony formation assay and transwell assay. The expression of CD133 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was quantified by western blot to assess cell differentiation. The expression of circEZH2 and miR-181b-5p was detected by a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The target relationship between circEZH2 and miR-181b-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The effect of lidocaine on tumor growth in vivo was investigated by establishing Xenograft models.

Results
Lidocaine inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion and induced differentiation of glioma cells in vitro. Lidocaine suppressed the expression of circEZH2, and circEZH2 was highly expressed in glioma tissues and cells. CircEZH2 overexpression partly inhibited the function of lidocaine. CircEZH2 was a sponge of miR-181b-5p, and miR-181b-5p was downregulated in glioma tissues and cells. Besides, miR-181b-5p restoration reversed the effects of circEZH2 overexpression to repress the malignant behaviors of glioma cells. In addition, lidocaine mediated the circEZH2/miR-181b-5p axis to inhibit tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusion
Lidocaine suppressed glioma progression by modulating the circEZH2/miR-181b-5p pathway.
Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Surendra Henry , Elyazar Iqbal RF , Djaafara Bimandra A , Ekawati Lenny L , Saraswati Kartika , Adrian Verry , Widyastuti  , Oktavia Dwi , Salama Ngabila , Lina Rosa N , Andrianto Adhi , Lestari Karina D , Burhan Erlina , Shankar Anuraj H , Thwaites Guy , Baird J. Kevin , Hamers Raph L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundData on COVID-19-related mortality and associated factors from low-resource settings are scarce. This study examined clinical characteristics and factors associated with in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients in Jakarta, Indonesia, from March 2 to July 31, 2020.MethodsThis retrospective cohort included all hospitalised patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in 55 hospitals. We extracted demographic and clinical data, including hospital outcomes (discharge or death). We used Cox regression to examine factors associated with mortality.FindingsOf 4265 patients with a definitive outcome by July 31, 3768 (88%) were discharged and 497 (12%) died. The median age was 46 years (IQR 32–57), 5% were children, and 31% had at least one comorbidity. Age-specific mortalities were 11% (7/61) for <5 years; 4% (1/23) for 5-9; 2% (3/133) for 10-19; 2% (8/638) for 20-29; 3% (26/755) for 30-39; 7% (61/819) for 40-49; 17% (155/941) for 50-59; 22% (132/611) for 60-69; and 34% (96/284) for ≥70. Risk of death was associated with higher age; pre-existing hypertension, cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease or liver disease; clinical diagnosis of pneumonia; multiple (>3) symptoms; and shorter time from symptom onset to admission. Patients <50 years with >1 comorbidity had a nearly six-fold higher risk of death than those without (adjusted hazard ratio 5·50, 95% CI 2·72-11·13; 27% vs 3% mortality).InterpretationOverall mortality was lower than reported in high-income countries, probably due to younger age distribution and fewer comorbidities. However, deaths occurred across all ages, with >10% mortality among children <5 years and adults >50 years.