bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of active commuting on cardiovascular risk factors: GISMO—a randomized controlled feasibility study
Authors: Reich Bernhard , Niederseer David , Loidl Martin , Fernandez La Puente de Battre Maria Dolores , Rossi Valentina Alice , Zagel Bernhard , Caselli Stefano , Schmied Christian , Niebauer Josef 
Published: April 2020

A sedentary lifestyle is a major modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases. Lifestyle modification in order to increase exercise capacity is key in the prevention and rehabilitation of chronic diseases. This could be achieved by active commute. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of daily active commuting on physical activity (PA) and exercise capacity. Seventy‐three healthy hospital employees (age: 46 ± 9 years, 38% male), with a predominantly passive way of commuting, were randomly assigned to two parallel groups, a control group (CG, N = 22) or an intervention group (IG, N = 51), which was further split into public transportation/active commuting (IG‐PT, N = 25) and cycling (IG‐C, N = 26). Both intervention groups were asked to reach 150 min/wk of moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise during their commute for 1 year. CG maintained a passive commuting mode. All participants underwent assessment of anthropometry, risk factor stratification, and exercise capacity by a medical doctor at the Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation. Weekly physical activity, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and commuting behavior, using an online diary, were used to assess physical activity. At the end of the study, the change in exercise capacity did significantly differ between IG and CG (P = .003, ES = 0.82). Actively covered distances through commuting significantly differed between groups (walking P = .026; cycling P < .001). Therefore, active commuting improves exercise capacity and can be recommended to the working population to increase exercise capacity.
Interventions to change well‐anchored attitudes in the context of intergroup conflict
Authors: Bar‐Tal Daniel , Hameiri Boaz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChanging attitudes is one of the most challenging and important endeavors social psychologists have undertaken in order to promote better quality of life for individuals and collectives. However, when addressing pressing issues, such as intergroup conflict, racism, and inequality, changing attitudes is particularly difficult as individuals are often frozen in their attitudes. Based on the important work of conflict‐resolution scholars and practitioners, we report several well‐known and new socio‐psychological interventions that have been developed to unfreeze attitudes, especially in the context of intergroup conflict. These include providing contradictory information, paradoxical thinking, enlightening individual shortcomings, teaching skills, and the informative process model. We conclude by assessing the lessons learned from the research and practice of psychological interventions, focusing on their application in the field, and the value of increased cooperation between researchers and practitioners.
Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical markers and histological classification in malignant canine mammary tumours
Authors: Pastor Nieves , Ezquerra Luis Javier , Santella Massimo , Caballé Nuria C. , Tarazona Raquel , Durán María Esther 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCanine mammary carcinoma represents a model for the study of human breast cancer, although the prognostic value of various clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters has shown contradictory results. A prospective study, through a 4‐year follow‐up, was performed in 77 patients with mammary carcinoma to analyse the association between histological diagnosis, grade of malignancy, peritumoral and vascular invasion. We have also performed immunohistochemistry for the expression of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) that define human biomarkers of disease progression and treatment response. An association between histological diagnosis and clinical stage was observed with a high proportion of complex carcinoma classified as stage I. There was a higher proportion of ER+/PR+/HER2− tumours in stage I. In contrast, triple‐negative tumours (ER−/PR−/HER2−) were found mainly in advanced clinical stages and were associated with vascular and peritumoral invasion. The tumours included in group VII (carcinosarcoma/adenosquamous carcinoma/other special types of carcinoma) had a higher expression of COX‐2. The univariate analysis showed that those patients with complex carcinoma had the lowest incidence of metastases and the highest probability of survival. In contrast, a high proportion of patients with anaplastic/inflammatory carcinoma developed metastases and showed the lowest probability of survival. In addition, the estimated survival time was shorter for those patients with triple‐negative tumours and those with high COX‐2 expression. However, in the multivariate analysis, only the peritumoral invasion maintained its prognostic significance. In conclusion, in our study anaplastic/inflammatory carcinomas had the worst prognosis with a high proportion of triple‐negative tumours in this category.
ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION IN A DOUBLE LAYER BEAM SHAPING ASSEMBLY RESULTED FROM 30 MEV-PROTON REACTIONS WITH BERYLLIUM TARGET USING THE PHITS PROGRAM
Authors: Bilalodin Bilalodin , Suparta Gede Bayu , Hermanto Arief , Palupi Dwi Satya , Sardjono Yohannes , Rasito Rasito 
Published: April 2020

An analysis on the distribution of particle flux emanating from reactions of 30 MeV-proton with beryllium target in a double layer beam shaping assembly (BSA) has been carried out using the PHITS program. It studies important parameters relating to the distribution of proton, neutron, and gamma. It is revealed that reactions of proton and beryllium in double layer BSA produce fast neutrons and other protons, resulting from certain reactions, and recoil protons from the interactions of fast neutrons and hydrogen atoms. Fast neutrons are distributed around beryllium target, moderator, reflector, and collimator. They are moderated by Al and LiF material. Epithermal neutrons spread along the moderator, with a distribution that is tapering down as it approaches the end of the collimator (aperture). During its travel along the moderator, an epithermal neutron decreases in energy to become a thermal neutron. The spectrum of neutron beam produced by the double layer BSA is wide, which indicates that the neutron beam exiting the aperture consists of three kinds of neutrons, dominated by epithermal neutronswith energy range 1 eV – 10 keV.
Parameter Identification on Flexible Multibody Models Using the Adjoint Variable Method and Flexible Natural Coordinate Formulation
Authors: Vanpaemel Simon , Naets Frank , Vermaut Martijn , Desmet Wim 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This work proposes a methodology for in situ parameter identification using system-level measurements of (flexible) multibody systems, opposed to dedicated component-level identification. The sensitivity information employed for the optimization is obtained using the adjoint variable method (AVM). This method has the advantage of obtaining sensitivity information at a computational cost independent of the amount of model parameters. The underlying flexible multibody formulation employed is a novel approach called the flexible natural coordinates formulation (FNCF). This formulation combines the advantageous properties of the floating frame of reference formulation (FFRF) and the generalized component mode synthesis (GCMS) methods and results in a constant mass and stiffness matrix with quadratic constraint equations. This work shows how the specific structure of equations obtained through FNCF drastically reduces the complexity of the AVM as the simulation derivatives can be readily obtained and are of limited order. The proposed approach has been implemented in an in-house object-oriented matlab multibody code. The methodology is illustrated by identifying 13 model parameters of a MacPherson suspension model, in situ and using system-level measurements.
Nonlinear Stability of Rail Vehicles Traveling on Vibration-Attenuating Slab Tracks
Authors: Ling Liang , Jiang Peibin , Wang Kaiyun , Zhai Wanming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Various vibration-attenuating slab tracks have been introduced into urban railways to minimize the negative effects of train-induced ground vibration and noise. However, compared with traditional slab tracks, vibration-attenuating slab tracks usually have a lower overall stiffness, which reduces the vehicle lateral stability. This paper presents an investigation of the nonlinear hunting stability of fast metro rail vehicles traveling on vibration-attenuating slab tracks. A three-dimensional vehicle–track coupled model considering different vibration-attenuating slab tracks is developed to investigate the nonlinear hunting behavior of metro vehicles running on different elastic vibration-attenuating tracks. The nonlinear critical speed and wheelset hunting limit cycle of two types of metro vehicles traveling on four typical types of vibration-attenuating tracks are compared in detail. The influences of vehicle–track system parameters, including rail fastener stiffness and vehicle suspension parameters, on the vehicle lateral nonlinear stability are reported. The results show that the flexibility of vibration-attenuating slab tracks leads to a large wheelset limit cycle and lowers the nonlinear critical speed. Increasing track lateral stiffness and designing appropriate vehicle suspension parameters can improve the lateral stability of rail vehicles traveling on vibration-attenuating slab tracks.
Light-Mediated Decreases in Cyclic di-GMP Levels Inhibit Structure Formation inPseudomonas aeruginosaBiofilms
Authors: Kahl Lisa Juliane , Price-Whelan Alexa , Dietrich Lars E. P. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTLight is known to trigger regulatory responses in diverse organisms, including slime molds, animals, plants, and phototrophic bacteria. However, light-dependent processes in nonphototrophic bacteria, and those of pathogens in particular, have received comparatively little research attention. In this study, we examined the impact of light on multicellular development inPseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of biofilm-based bacterial infections. We grewP. aeruginosastrain PA14 in a colony morphology assay and found that growth under prolonged exposure to low-intensity blue light inhibited biofilm matrix production and thereby the formation of vertical biofilm structures (i.e., “wrinkles”). Light-dependent inhibition of biofilm wrinkling was correlated with low levels of cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP), consistent with the role of this signal in stimulating matrix production. A screen of enzymes with the potential to catalyze c-di-GMP synthesis or degradation identified c-di-GMP phosphodiesterases that contribute to light-dependent inhibition of biofilm wrinkling. One of these, RmcA, was previously characterized by our group for its role in mediating the effect of redox-activeP. aeruginosametabolites called phenazines on biofilm wrinkle formation. Our results suggest that an RmcA sensory domain that is predicted to bind a flavin cofactor is involved in light-dependent inhibition of wrinkling. Together, these findings indicate thatP. aeruginosaintegrates information about light exposure and redox state in its regulation of biofilm development.IMPORTANCELight exposure tunes circadian rhythms, which modulate the immune response and affect susceptibility to infection in plants and animals. Though molecular responses to light are defined for model plant and animal hosts, analogous pathways that function in bacterial pathogens are understudied. We examined the response to light exposure in biofilms (matrix-encased multicellular assemblages) of the nonphotosynthetic bacteriumPseudomonas aeruginosa. We found that light at intensities that are not harmful to human cells inhibited biofilm maturation via effects on cellular signals. Because biofilm formation is a critical factor in many types ofP. aeruginosainfections, including burn wound infections that may be exposed to light, these effects could be relevant for pathogenicity.
Lon Protease Removes Excess Signal Recognition Particle Protein in Escherichia coli
Authors: Sauerbrei Beate , Arends Jan , Schünemann Danja , Narberhaus Franz 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Correct targeting of membrane proteins is essential for membrane integrity, cell physiology, and viability. Cotranslational targeting depends on the universally conserved signal recognition particle (SRP), which is a ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of the protein component Ffh and the 4.5S RNA in Escherichia coli. About 25 years ago it was reported that Ffh is an unstable protein, but the underlying mechanism has never been explored. Here, we show that Lon is the primary protease responsible for adjusting the cellular Ffh level. When overproduced, Ffh is particularly prone to degradation during transition from exponential to stationary growth and the cellular Ffh amount is lowest in stationary phase. The Ffh protein consists of two domains, the NG domain, responsible for GTP hydrolysis and docking to the membrane receptor FtsY, and the RNA-binding M domain. We find that the NG domain alone is stable, whereas the isolated M domain is degraded. Consistent with the importance of Lon in this process, the M domain confers synthetic lethality to the lon mutant. The Ffh homolog from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which forms a protein-protein complex rather than a protein-RNA complex, is stable, suggesting that the RNA-binding ability residing in the M domain of E. coli Ffh is important for proteolysis. Our results support a model in which excess Ffh not bound to 4.5S RNA is subjected to proteolysis until an appropriate Ffh concentration is reached. The differential proteolysis adjusts Ffh levels to the cellular demand and maintains cotranslational protein transport and membrane integrity.
IMPORTANCE Since one-third of all bacterial proteins reside outside the cytoplasm, protein targeting to the appropriate address is an essential process. Cotranslational targeting to the membrane relies on the signal recognition particle (SRP), which is a protein-RNA complex in bacteria. We report that the protein component Ffh is a substrate of the Lon protease. Regulated proteolysis of Ffh provides a simple mechanism to adjust the concentration of the essential protein to the cellular demand. This is important because elevated or depleted SRP levels negatively impact protein targeting and bacterial fitness.
Use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and risk of serious renal events: Scandinavian cohort study
Authors: Pasternak Björn , Wintzell Viktor , Melbye Mads , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann-Marie , Franzén Stefan , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Hveem Kristian , Jonasson Christian , Svanström Henrik , Ueda Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and risk of serious renal events in data from routine clinical practice.DesignCohort study using an active comparator, new user design and nationwide register data.SettingSweden, Denmark, and Norway, 2013-18.ParticipantsCohort of 29 887 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors (follow-up time: dapagliflozin 66.1%; empagliflozin 32.6%; canagliflozin 1.3%) and 29 887 new users of an active comparator, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, matched 1:1 on the basis of a propensity score with 57 variables. Mean follow-up time was 1.7 (SD 1.0) years.ExposuresSGLT2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, defined by filled prescriptions and analysed according to intention to treat.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome was serious renal events, a composite including renal replacement therapy, death from renal causes, and hospital admission for renal events. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the main outcome.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 61.3 (SD 10.5) years; 11 108 (19%) had cardiovascular disease, and 1974 (3%) had chronic kidney disease. Use of SGLT2 inhibitors, compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, was associated with a reduced risk of serious renal events (2.6 events per 1000 person years versus 6.2 events per 1000 person years; hazard ratio 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.53); absolute difference −3.6 (–4.4 to −2.8) events per 1000 person years). In secondary outcome analyses, the hazard ratio for use of SGLT2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was 0.32 (0.22 to 0.47) for renal replacement therapy, 0.41 (0.32 to 0.52) for hospital admission for renal events, and 0.77 (0.26 to 2.23) for death from renal causes. In sensitivity analyses in each of the Swedish and Danish parts of the cohort, the model was further adjusted for glycated haemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (Sweden and Denmark) and for blood pressure, body mass index, and smoking (Sweden only); in these analyses, the hazard ratio moved from 0.41 (0.26 to 0.66) to 0.50 (0.31 to 0.81) in Sweden and from 0.42 (0.32 to 0.56) to 0.55 (0.41 to 0.74) in Denmark.ConclusionsIn this analysis using nationwide data from three countries, use of SGLT2 inhibitors, compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, was associated with a significantly reduced risk of serious renal events.
Patients’ perspectives on how to improve diabetes care and self-management: qualitative study
Authors: Ndjaboue Ruth , Chipenda Dansokho Selma , Boudreault Bianca , Tremblay Marie-Claude , Dogba Maman Joyce , Price Roberta , Delgado Pascual , McComber Alex M , Drescher Olivia , McGavock Jonathan , Witteman Holly 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivePeople living with diabetes need and deserve high-quality, individualised care. However, providing such care remains a challenge in many countries, including Canada. Patients’ expertise, if acknowledged and adequately translated, could help foster patient-centred care. This study aimed to describe Expert Patients’ knowledge, wisdom and advice to others with diabetes and to health professionals to improve diabetes self-management and care.Design and methodsWe recruited a convenience sample of 21 men and women. Participants were people of diverse backgrounds who are Patient Partners in a national research network (hereafter Expert Patients). We interviewed and video-recorded their knowledge, wisdom and advice for health professionals and for others with diabetes. Three researchers independently analysed videos using inductive framework analysis, identifying themes through discussion and consensus. Expert Patients were involved in all aspects of study design, conduct, analysis and knowledge translation.ResultsAcknowledging and accepting the reality of diabetes, receiving support from family and care teams and not letting diabetes control one’s life are essential to live well with diabetes. To improve diabetes care, health professionals should understand and acknowledge the impact of diabetes on patients and their families, and communicate with patients openly, respectfully, with empathy and cultural competency.ConclusionExpert Patients pointed to a number of areas of improvement in diabetes care that may be actionable individually by patients or health professionals, and also collectively through intergroup collaboration. Improving the quality of care in diabetes is crucial for improving health outcomes for people with diabetes.
Association between work schedules and motivation for lifestyle change in workers with overweight or obesity: a cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Tanikawa Yukihiro , Kimachi Miho , Ishikawa Minoru , Hisada Tomoichiro , Fukuhara Shunichi , Yamamoto Yosuke 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between work schedules and motivation for behavioural change of lifestyle, based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) in workers with overweight or obesity.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingA healthcare examination centre in Japan.ParticipantsBetween April 2014 and March 2016, we recruited 9243 participants who underwent healthcare examination and met the inclusion criteria, namely, age 20–65 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2and full-time workers.ExposureNight and shift (night/shift) workers were compared with daytime workers in terms of motivation for behavioural change.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was action and maintenance stages of change (SOC) for lifestyle in TTM. In a subgroup analysis, we investigated interactions between characteristics, including age, sex, BMI, current smoking, alcohol habits, hours of sleep and working hours.ResultsOverall, 1390 participants (15.0%) were night/shift workers; night/shift workers were younger (median age (IQR): 46 (40–54) vs 43 (37–52) years) and the proportion of men was lesser (75.4 vs 60.9%) compared with daytime workers. The numbers of daytime and night/shift workers in the action and maintenance SOC were 2113 (26.9%) and 309 (22.2%), respectively. Compared with daytime workers, night/shift workers were less likely to demonstrate action and maintenance SOC (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.98). In a subgroup analysis that included only those with long working hours (≥10 hours/day), results revealed a strong inverse association between night/shift work and action and maintenance SOC (AOR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.86). A significant interaction was observed between long working hours and night/shift work (P for interaction=0.04).ConclusionsIn workers with overweight or obesity, a night/shift work schedule was associated with a lower motivation for behavioural change in lifestyle, and the association was strengthened in those with long working hours.
Effects of changes in smoking status on blood pressure among adult males and females in Indonesia: a 15-year population-based cohort study
Authors: Andriani Helen , Kosasih Reynaldi Ikhsan , Putri Septiara , Kuo Hsien-Wen 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe continuing rise of smoking behaviours will inevitably lead to a further increase in hypertension prevalence. However, limited research has examined the impacts of changes in smoking status on blood pressure (BP). We sought to assess correlations between increases or decreases of males’ and females’ cigarette consumption on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP), and to investigate the relationship between smoking status changes and changes in BP through a 15-year examination period.DesignRetrospective, cohort study.SettingWe used nationally representative secondary data collected in the years 2000, 2007 and 2015 by the Indonesia Family Life Survey.ParticipantsWe measured the smoking habits, BP indices and other socioeconomic factors documented in the multiple follow-up surveys of a sample of 10 338 respondents.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the means of SBP, DBP and PP. The secondary outcome was the changes from baseline in SBP and DBP.ResultsSmoking caused different effects on male and female smokers. Female smokers who increased their daily cigarette consumption had significantly higher SBP and PP (p<0.001). During 15 years of follow-up, male and female smokers who decided to quit had the largest change of SBP (adjusted mean=16.64 mm Hg, SE=21.39 and adjusted mean=24.78 mm Hg, SE=23.25, respectively), whereas new male and female smokers exhibited the highest change of DBP (adjusted mean=2.86 mm Hg, SE=11.50 and adjusted mean=7.54 mm Hg, SE=14.39, respectively).ConclusionsOur study confirmed the adverse effects of smoking on BP, which can be used to inform efforts to tackle the growing cigarette epidemic and its negative effects on hypertension among former and new smokers and develop evidence-based tobacco control policies in Indonesia.