bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Salinomycin on Expression Pattern of Genes Associated with Apoptosis in Endometrial Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Kiełbasiński Kamil , Peszek Wojciech , Grabarek Beniamin O. , Boroń Dariusz , Wierzbik-Strońska Magdalena , Oplawski Marcin 
Published: May 2020

Background::
Salinomycin is part of a group of ionophore antibiotics characterized by an
activity towards tumor cells. To this day, the mechanism through which salinomycin induces their
apoptosis is not fully known yet. The goal of this study was to assess the expression pattern of genes
and the proteins coded by them connected with the process of programmed cell death in an endometrial
cancer cell Ishikawa culture exposed to salinomycin and compared to the control.

Materials and Methods:
Analysis of the effect of salinomycin on Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells
(ECACC 99040201) included a cytotoxicity MTT test (with a concentration range of 0.1-100 μM), assessment
of the induction of apoptosis and necrosis by salinomycin at a concentration of 1 μM as well
the assessment of the expression of the genes chosen in the microarray experiment (microarray HG-U
133A_2) and the proteins coded by them connected with apoptosis (RTqPCR, ELISA assay). The statistical
significance level for all analyses carried out as part of this study was p<0.05.

Results:
It was observed that salinomycin causes the death of about 50% of cells treated by it
(50.74±0.80% of all cells) at a concentration of 1μM. The decrease in the number of living cells was determined
directly after treatment of the cells with the drug (time 0). The average percent of late apoptotic
cells was 1.65±0.24% and 0.57±0.01% for necrotic cells throughout the entire observation period.

Discussion:
Microarray analysis indicated the following number of mRNA differentiating the culture
depending on the time of incubation with the drug: H_12 vs C = 114 mRNA, H_8 vs C = 84 mRNA,
H_48 vs. C = 27 mRNA, whereas 5 mRNAs were expressed differently at all times. During the whole
incubation period of the cells with the drug, the following dependence of the expression profile of the
analyzed transcripts was observed: Bax>p53>FASL>BIRC5>BCL2L.

Conclusion:
The analysis carried out indicated that salinomycin, at a concentration of 1 μM, stopped
the proliferation of 50% of endometrial cancer cells, mainly by inducing the apoptotic process of the
cells. The molecular exponent of the induction of programmed cell death was an observed increase in
the transcriptional activity of pro-apoptotic genes: Bax;p53;FASL and a decrease in the expression of
anti-apoptotic genes: BCL2L2; BIRC5.
Novel Benzimidazole Derivatives: Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Properties on Lung Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Yurttaş Leyla , Çiftçi Gülşen Akalin , Aksoy Mehmet Onur , Demirayak Şeref 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Benzimidazole derivatives are privileged molecules known to have a wide
variety of biological activities. In medicinal chemistry, due to the ring’s structural similarity to nucleotides,
its derivatives were investigated as new chemotherapeutic agents. Our research group
have been studying 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles, including thiocarbamoyl group and their potential
anticancer activity. Based on previous findings, we synthesized novel 1-[2-(4-substituted
phenyl-2-oxoethyl)]-2-[(2/3/4-substituted phenylpiperidin-1-yl)thiocarbamoyl]benzimidazole derivatives
(3a-o).

Methods:
The obtained fifteen derivatives were studied on A549 adenocarcinomic human alveolar
basal epithelial cell line and mouse L929 fibroblastic cell line to determine their cytotoxic activity.
These compounds were also investigated to identify their apoptotic properties.

Results and Discussion:
The structures of the compounds based on three different groups differ
from each other with the phenyl substituents bonded to the piperazine ring. All of the compounds
showed remarkable antitumor activity, but the first five compounds bearing non-substituted phenyl
moiety exhibited selective cytotoxicity when compared in terms of potencies to the normal cell line.

Conclusion:
Compounds 3j, 3m and 3n were identified as the most apoptotic derivatives; however,
compounds 3e and 3h provoked apoptosis with the percentages of 10.6 and 10.9% and selective cytotoxicity.
Improvement of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Double-blind Clinical Trial by Escitalopram in Male Patients
Authors: Shafti Saeed S. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia remain a major clinical
trouble against psychiatric rehabilitation and available therapeutic treatments.

Objective:
Escitalopram is known as the most selective SSRI with minimal effects on
norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal uptake. The aim of the present study is to assess
the effect of escitalopram on negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods:
This study was an eight-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram
set against placebo, as an add-on medication, in the treatment of 50 patients with a
diagnosis of schizophrenia. While the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms was
used as the primary outcome measure, the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, the
Simpson-Angus Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale, as well, were used as a secondary
measure for evaluation of positive, extrapyramidal and depressive symptoms, respectively.

Results:
The primary outcome of the present assessment was a significant reduction in the
mean total score of the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) in the target
group, compared to placebo, at the end of eight weeks. In this regard, most of the subscales
of SANS, as well, demonstrated significant improvements by escitalopram.

Conclusion:
According to the findings, escitalopram can be helpful, as add-on medication,
in amelioration of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Kadınların Kanser Taramalarına Katılımını Etkileyen Faktörler
Authors: ALTUN Yasin 
Published: May 2020

Giriş: Kanser, önemli bir halk sağlığı
sorunudur. Kanser tarama birimine başvuran kadınların kanser taramasına
bakışları, tarama yaptırma durumları ve yaptırmalarına katkı sağlayan faktörler
araştırılarak kanser ile mücadelede hedefe yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: İlçe
Sağlık Müdürlüğü Kanser Birimi’ne başvuran ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden
200 kadın ile çalışma yürütüldü. Kanser taraması ile ilgili durumlarının
değerlendirilmesi amacıyla 20 soruluk bir anket, onamları alınarak bireylere
uygulandı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılanların %93'ü evli, çoğunluğu ev hanımı (%61) idi.
%40,5'inde en az bir kronik hastalık mevcuttu. 82 kişinin (%41) ailesinde
kanser tanısı alan kişi vardı. Kanser taraması yaptırmayan 86 kişinin %25,6'sı
"Bilmiyordum-Haberim yoktu", %25,6'sı "Yaşım taramaya uygun
değildi", %20,9'u "Fırsatım olmadı", %11,6'sı ise
"Korkuyordum" cevaplarını verdi. Aile hekimine başvurular %74,5 yeni
başlayan-kısa süreli hastalık için, %65 sürekli kullandığı ilaçları yazdırmak
için ve %41 genel muayene amaçlı idi. Kadınların %51,5'i aile hekimi
tarafından, %23'ü ebe/hemşire tarafından, %14'ü ise başka hekimler tarafından
taramalara yönlendirilmiş, %58,5'i taramayı aile hekimi/ebe/hemşire
yönlendirmesi nedeniyle, %31'i ise
kendisi kontrol amaçlı istediği için yaptırdığını belirtti.

Sonuç: Kişilerin kanser taramaları hakkında
bilgilendirilmesi ve özellikle hekimler tarafından yönlendirilmesi ile tarama
oranları değerli şekilde artacaktır. Aile hekimi ile bireyler arasındaki ilişki
güçlendirilerek taramalara yönelik çekinceler ortadan kaldırılabilir.
Challenges and Opportunities in Collecting and Modeling Ambulatory Electrodermal Activity Data
Authors: Coffman Donna L , Cai Xizhen , Li Runze , Leonard Noelle R 
Published: May 2020

Background
Ambulatory assessment of electrodermal activity (EDA) is an emerging technique for capturing individuals’ autonomic responses to real-life events. There is currently little guidance available for processing and analyzing such data in an ambulatory setting.

Objective
This study aimed to describe and implement several methods for preprocessing and constructing features for use in modeling ambulatory EDA data, particularly for measuring stress.

Methods
We used data from a study examining the effects of stressful tasks on EDA of adolescent mothers (AMs). A biosensor band recorded EDA 4 times per second and was worn during an approximately 2-hour assessment that included a 10-min mother-child videotaped interaction. The initial processing included filtering noise and motion artifacts.

Results
We constructed the features of the EDA data, including the number of peaks and their amplitude as well as EDA reactivity, quantified as the rate at which AMs returned to baseline EDA following an EDA peak. Although the pattern of EDA varied substantially across individuals, various features of EDA may be computed for all individuals enabling within- and between-individual analyses and comparisons.

Conclusions
The algorithms we developed can be used to construct features for dry-electrode ambulatory EDA, which can be used by other researchers to study stress and anxiety.
Enabling Better Use of Person-Generated Health Data in Stroke Rehabilitation Systems: Systematic Development of Design Heuristics
Authors: Dimaguila Gerardo Luis , Gray Kathleen , Merolli Mark 
Published: May 2020

Background
An established and well-known method for usability assessment of various human-computer interaction technologies is called heuristic evaluation (HE). HE has been adopted for evaluations in a wide variety of specialized contexts and with objectives that go beyond usability. A set of heuristics to evaluate how health information technologies (HITs) incorporate features that enable effective patient use of person-generated health data (PGHD) is needed in an era where there is a growing demand and variety of PGHD-enabled technologies in health care and where a number of remote patient-monitoring technologies do not yet enable patient use of PGHD. Such a set of heuristics would improve the likelihood of positive effects from patients’ use of PGHD and lower the risk of negative effects.

Objective
This study aims to describe the development of a set of heuristics for the design and evaluation of how well remote patient therapeutic technologies enable patients to use PGHD (PGHD enablement). We used the case of Kinect-based stroke rehabilitation systems (K-SRS) in this study.

Methods
The development of a set of heuristics to enable better use of PGHD was primarily guided by the R3C methodology. Closer inspection of the methodology reveals that neither its development nor its application to a case study were described in detail. Thus, where relevant, each step was grounded through best practice activities in the literature and by using Nielsen’s heuristics as a basis for determining the new set of heuristics. As such, this study builds on the R3C methodology, and the implementation of a mixed process is intended to result in a robust and credible set of heuristics.

Results
A total of 8 new heuristics for PGHD enablement in K-SRS were created. A systematic and detailed process was applied in each step of heuristic development, which bridged the gaps described earlier. It is hoped that this would aid future developers of specialized heuristics, who could apply the detailed process of heuristic development for other domains of technology, and additionally for the case of PGHD enablement for other health conditions. The R3C methodology was also augmented through the use of qualitative studies with target users and domain experts, and it is intended to result in a robust and credible set of heuristics, before validation and refinement.

Conclusions
This study is the first to develop a new set of specialized heuristics to evaluate how HITs incorporate features that enable effective patient use of PGHD, with K-SRS as a key case study. In addition, it is the first to describe how the identification of initial HIT features and concepts to enable PGHD could lead to the development of a specialized set of heuristics.
Use of Eye-Tracking Technology by Medical Students Taking the Objective Structured Clinical Examination: Descriptive Study
Authors: Grima-Murcia M D , Sanchez-Ferrer Francisco , Ramos-Rincón Jose Manuel , Fernández Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

Background
The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a test used throughout Spain to evaluate the clinical competencies, decision making, problem solving, and other skills of sixth-year medical students.

Objective
The main goal of this study is to explore the possible applications and utility of portable eye-tracking systems in the setting of the OSCE, particularly questions associated with attention and engagement.

Methods
We used a portable Tobii Glasses 2 eye tracker, which allows real-time monitoring of where the students were looking and records the voice and ambient sounds. We then performed a qualitative and a quantitative analysis of the fields of vision and gaze points attracting attention as well as the visual itinerary.

Results
Eye-tracking technology was used in the OSCE with no major issues. This portable system was of the greatest value in the patient simulators and mannequin stations, where interaction with the simulated patient or areas of interest in the mannequin can be quantified. This technology proved useful to better identify the areas of interest in the medical images provided.

Conclusions
Portable eye trackers offer the opportunity to improve the objective evaluation of candidates and the self-evaluation of the stations used as well as medical simulations by examiners. We suggest that this technology has enough resolution to identify where a student is looking at and could be useful for developing new approaches for evaluating specific aspects of clinical competencies.
Optimizing Health Information Technologies for Symptom Management in Cancer Patients and Survivors: Usability Evaluation
Authors: Lattie Emily G , Bass Michael , Garcia Sofia F , Phillips Siobhan M , Moreno Patricia I , Flores Ann Marie , Smith JD , Scholtens Denise , Barnard Cynthia , Penedo Frank J , Cella David , Yanez Betina 
Published: May 2020

Background
Unmanaged cancer symptoms and treatment-related side effects can compromise long-term clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life. Health information technologies such as web-based platforms offer the possibility to supplement existing care and optimize symptom management.

Objective
This paper describes the development and usability of a web-based symptom management platform for cancer patients and survivors that will be implemented within a large health system.

Methods
A web-based symptom management platform was designed and evaluated via one-on-one usability testing sessions. The System Usability Scale (SUS), After Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ), and qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews were used to assess program usability.

Results
Ten cancer survivors and five cancer center staff members participated in usability testing sessions. The mean score on the SUS was 86.6 (SD 14.0), indicating above average usability. The mean score on the ASQ was 2.5 (SD 2.1), indicating relatively high satisfaction with the usability of the program. Qualitative analyses identified valued features of the program and recommendations for further improvements.

Conclusions
Cancer survivors and oncology care providers reported high levels of acceptability and usability in the initial development of a web-based symptom management platform for cancer survivors. Future work will test the effectiveness of this web-based platform.
Privacy Assessment in Mobile Health Apps: Scoping Review
Authors: Benjumea Jaime , Ropero Jorge , Rivera-Romero Octavio , Dorronzoro-Zubiete Enrique , Carrasco Alejandro 
Published: May 2020

Background
Privacy has always been a concern, especially in the health domain. The proliferation of mobile health (mHealth) apps has led to a large amount of sensitive data being generated. Some authors have performed privacy assessments of mHealth apps. They have evaluated diverse privacy components; however, different authors have used different criteria for their assessments.

Objective
This scoping review aims to understand how privacy is assessed for mHealth apps, focusing on the components, scales, criteria, and scoring methods used. A simple taxonomy to categorize the privacy assessments of mHealth apps based on component evaluation is also proposed.

Methods
We followed the methodology defined by Arksey and O’Malley to conduct a scoping review. Included studies were categorized based on the privacy component, which was assessed using the proposed taxonomy.

Results
The database searches retrieved a total of 710 citations—24 of them met the defined selection criteria, and data were extracted from them. Even though the inclusion criteria considered articles published since 2009, all the studies that were ultimately included were published from 2014 onward. Although 12 papers out of 24 (50%) analyzed only privacy, 8 (33%) analyzed both privacy and security. Moreover, 4 papers (17%) analyzed full apps, with privacy being just part of the assessment. The evaluation criteria used by authors were heterogeneous and were based on their experience, the literature, and/or existing legal frameworks. Regarding the set of items used for the assessments, each article defined a different one. Items included app permissions, analysis of the destination, analysis of the content of communications, study of the privacy policy, use of remote storage, and existence of a password to access the app, among many others. Most of the included studies provided a scoring method that enables the comparison of privacy among apps.

Conclusions
The privacy assessment of mHealth apps is a complex task, as the criteria used by different authors for their evaluations are very heterogeneous. Although some studies about privacy assessment have been conducted, a very large set of items to evaluate privacy has been used up until now. In-app information and privacy policies are primarily utilized by the scientific community to extract privacy information from mHealth apps. The creation of a scale based on more objective criteria is a desirable step forward for privacy assessment in the future.
Awareness and Preparedness of Field Epidemiology Training Program Graduates to Respond to COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al Nsour Mohannad , Khader Yousef , Al Serouri Abdulwahed , Bashier Haitham , Osman Shahd 
Published: May 2020

Background
The Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) is a 2-year training program in applied epidemiology. FETP graduates have contributed significantly to improvements in surveillance systems, control of infectious diseases, and outbreak investigations in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).

Objective
Considering the instrumental roles of FETP graduates during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis, this study aimed to assess their awareness and preparedness to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in three EMR countries.

Methods
An online survey was sent to FETP graduates in the EMR in March 2020. The FETP graduates were contacted by email and requested to fill out an online survey. Sufficient number of responses were received from only three countries—Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen. A few responses were received from other countries, and therefore, they were excluded from the analysis. The questionnaire comprised a series of questions pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of the epidemiology of COVID-19, and preparedness to respond to COVID-19.

Results
This study included a total of 57 FETP graduates (20 from Jordan, 13 from Sudan, and 24 from Yemen). A total of 31 (54%) graduates had attended training on COVID-19, 29 (51%) were members of a rapid response team against COVID-19, and 54 (95%) had previous experience in response to disease outbreaks or health emergencies. The vast majority were aware of the main symptoms, mode of transmission, high-risk groups, and how to use personal protective equipment. A total of 46 (81%) respondents considered themselves well prepared for the COVID-19 outbreak, and 40 (70%) reported that they currently have a role in supporting the country’s efforts in the management of COVID-19 outbreak.

Conclusions
The FETP graduates in Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen were fully aware of the epidemiology of COVID-19 and the safety measures required, and they are well positioned to investigate and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, they should be properly and efficiently utilized by the Ministries of Health to investigate and respond to the current COVID-19 crisis where the needs are vastly growing and access to outside experts is becoming limited.
Correlations of Online Search Engine Trends With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Incidence: Infodemiology Study
Authors: Higgins Thomas S , Wu Arthur W , Sharma Dhruv , Illing Elisa A , Rubel Kolin , Ting Jonathan Y ,   Snot Force Alliance
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the latest pandemic of the digital age. With the internet harvesting large amounts of data from the general population in real time, public databases such as Google Trends (GT) and the Baidu Index (BI) can be an expedient tool to assist public health efforts.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to apply digital epidemiology to the current COVID-19 pandemic to determine the utility of providing adjunctive epidemiologic information on outbreaks of this disease and evaluate this methodology in the case of future pandemics.MethodsAn epidemiologic time series analysis of online search trends relating to the COVID-19 pandemic was performed from January 9, 2020, to April 6, 2020. BI was used to obtain online search data for China, while GT was used for worldwide data, the countries of Italy and Spain, and the US states of New York and Washington. These data were compared to real-world confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19. Chronologic patterns were assessed in relation to disease patterns, significant events, and media reports.ResultsWorldwide search terms for shortness of breath, anosmia, dysgeusia and ageusia, headache, chest pain, and sneezing had strong correlations (r>0.60, P<.001) to both new daily confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19. GT COVID-19 (search term) and GT coronavirus (virus) searches predated real-world confirmed cases by 12 days (r=0.85, SD 0.10 and r=0.76, SD 0.09, respectively, P<.001). Searches for symptoms of diarrhea, fever, shortness of breath, cough, nasal obstruction, and rhinorrhea all had a negative lag greater than 1 week compared to new daily cases, while searches for anosmia and dysgeusia peaked worldwide and in China with positive lags of 5 days and 6 weeks, respectively, corresponding with widespread media coverage of these symptoms in COVID-19.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the utility of digital epidemiology in providing helpful surveillance data of disease outbreaks like COVID-19. Although certain online search trends for this disease were influenced by media coverage, many search terms reflected clinical manifestations of the disease and showed strong correlations with real-world cases and deaths.