bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of dopaminergic and cholinergic populations reveals unique contributions of VTA dopamine neurons to short-term memory
Authors: Choi Jung Yoon , Jang Heejae , Ornelas Sharon , Fleming Weston , Fürth Daniel , Au Jennifer , Bandi Akhil , Witten Ilana B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe systematically compared the contribution of two dopaminergic and two cholinergic ascending populations to a spatial short-term memory task in rats. In ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTA-DA) and nucleus basalis cholinergic (NB-ChAT) populations, trial-by-trial fluctuations in activity during the delay period related to performance with an inverted-U, despite the fact that both populations had low activity during that time. Transient manipulations revealed that only VTA-DA neurons, and not the other three populations we examined, contributed causally and selectively to short-term memory. This contribution was most significant during the delay period, when both increases or decreases in VTA-DA activity impaired short-term memory. Our results reveal a surprising dissociation between when VTA-DA neurons are most active and when they have the biggest causal contribution to short-term memory, while also providing new types of support for classic ideas about an inverted-U relationship between neuromodulation and cognition.
Quorum Sensing Regulates ‘swim-or-stick’ Lifestyle in the Phycosphere
Authors: Fei Cong , Ochsenkühn Michael A. , Shibl Ahmed A. , Isaac Ashley , Wang Changhai , Amin Shady A. 
Published: July 2020

Originality-significance statementMotility and biofilm formation are processes regulated by quorum sensing (QS) in bacteria. Both functions are believed to play an important role in interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton. Here, we show that two bacterial symbionts from the microbial community associated with a ubiquitous diatom switch their motile lifestyle to attached cells while an opportunist bacterium from the same community is incapable of attachment, despite possessing the genetic machinery to do so. Further work indicated that the opportunist lacks QS signal synthases while the symbionts produce three QS signals, one of which is mainly responsible for regulating symbiont colonization of the diatom microenvironment. These findings suggest that QS regulates colonization of diatom surfaces and further work on these model systems will inform our understanding of particle aggregation and bacterial attachment to marine snow and how these processes influence the global carbon cycle.SummaryInteractions between phytoplankton and bacteria play major roles in global biogeochemical cycles and oceanic nutrient fluxes. These interactions occur in the microenvironment surrounding phytoplankton cells, known as the phycosphere. Bacteria in the phycosphere use either chemotaxis or attachment to benefit from algal excretions. Both processes are regulated by quorum sensing (QS), a cell-cell signaling mechanism that uses small infochemicals to coordinate bacterial gene expression. However, the role of QS in regulating bacterial attachment in the phycosphere is not clear. Here, we isolated aSulfitobacter pseudonitzschiaeF5 and aPhaeobactersp. F10 belonging to the marineRoseobactergroup and anAlteromonas macleodiiF12 belonging to Alteromonadaceae, from the microbial community of the ubiquitous diatomAsterionellopsis glacialis.We show that only theRoseobactergroup isolates (diatom symbionts) can attach to diatom transparent exopolymeric particles. Despite all three bacteria possessing genes involved in motility, chemotaxis, and attachment, onlyS. pseudonitzschiaeF5 andPhaeobactersp. F10 possessed complete QS systems and could synthesize QS signals. Using UHPLC-MS/MS, we identified three QS molecules produced by both bacteria of which only 3-oxo-C16:1-HSL strongly inhibited bacterial motility and stimulated attachment in the phycosphere. These findings suggest that QS signals enable colonization of the phycosphere by algal symbionts.
Suppression of established invasivePhragmites australisleads to secondary invasion
Authors: Robichaud C.D. , Rooney R.C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInvasivePhragmites australis(European Common Reed) is rapidly spreading throughout North American wetlands, with negative impacts on wildlife and native plants. The removal or suppression ofP. australisis desired to provide an opportunity for native vegetation and wetland fauna to recover. In Ontario, managers applied a glyphosate-based herbicide to >400 ha ofP. australisin ecologically significant Great Lakes coastal marshes, representing the first time this tool was used over standing water to suppressP. australisin Canada. Using a replicated Before-After-Control-Impact monitoring design, we 1) evaluated the efficacy of glyphosate-based herbicide at suppressionP. australisalong a water depth gradient and 2) assessed the recovery of the vegetation community for two years after treatment in relation to local reference conditions. We found that herbicide reduced liveP. australisstem densities by over 99% the first year after treatment and about 95% the second year post-treatment. Treatment was equally effective along the entire water depth gradient (10 – 48 cm). The initial ‘suppression’ focused management was successful, but sustained monitoring and ‘containment’ focused follow-up treatment will be required to prevent reinvasion. Two years after treatment, the vegetation community does not resemble reference conditions. Although some treated plots initially increased in similarity to the vegetation communities typical of reference areas, many plots whereP. australiswas suppressed are on a novel trajectory comprising a vegetation community dominated by non-nativeHydrocharis morsus-ranae. Secondary invasions represent a major challenge to effective recovery of native vegetation afterP. australiscontrol.
Dorsal raphe stimulation relays a reward signal to the ventral tegmental area via GluN2C NMDA receptors
Authors: Hernandez Giovanni , Kouwenhoven Willemieke M , Emmanuelle Poirier , Karim Lebied , Lévesque Daniel , Rompré Pierre-Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlutamate relays a reward signal from the dorsal raphe (DR) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, the role of the different subtypes of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is complex and not clearly understood. Therefore, we measured NMDA receptors subunits expression in limbic brain areas. In addition, we studied the effects of VTA down-regulation of GluN2C NMDA receptor on the reward signal that arises from DR electrical stimulation.MethodsUsing qPCR, we identified the relative composition of the different Grin2a-d subunits of the NMDA receptors in several brain areas. Then, we used fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH) to evaluate the colocalization of Grin2c and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in VTA neurons. To assess the role of GluN2C in brain stimulation reward; we downregulated this receptor using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in rats self-stimulating for electrical pulses delivered to the DR. To delineate further the specific role of GluN2C in relaying the reward signal, we pharmacologically altered the function of VTA NMDA receptors by bilaterally microinjecting the NMDA receptor antagonist PPPA.ResultsWe identified GluN2C as the most abundant subunit of the NMDA receptor expressed in the VTA. FISH revealed that about 50% of TH-positive neurons colocalize with Grin2c transcript. siRNA manipulation produced a selective down-regulation of the GluN2C protein subunit and a significant reduction in brain stimulation reward. Interestingly, PPPA enhanced brain stimulation reward, but only in rats that received the nonactive RNA sequence.ConclusionThe present results suggest that VTA glutamate neurotransmission relays a reward signal initiated by DR stimulation by acting on GluN2C NMDA receptors.HighlightsWith the use of qpCR we identified the NMDA receptor composition in different brain areasUsing Double-fluorescent in situ hybridization we demonstrated that TH+ cells contain the NMDA Glun2C subunitUsing deep brain stimulation of the dorsal raphe and small interfering RNA we demonstrate that the reward signal is carried to VTA neurons through activation of Glun2C NMDA receptors.
Regular Tai Chi Practice Is Associated with Improved Memory as well as Structural and Functional Integrity of the Hippocampal Formation in the Elderly
Authors: Yue Chunlin , Yu Qian , Zhang Yanjie , Herold Fabian , Mei Jian , Kong Zhaowei , Perrey Stephane , Liu Jiao , Müller Notger G. , Zhang Zonghao , Tao Yuliu , Kramer Arthur , Becker Benjamin , Zou Liye 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe current study aimed at determining effects of Tai Chi as an example of a combined motor-cognitive exercise relative to regular walking as an example of an exercise without cognitive demands on cognitive functioning and the functional and structural integrity of the brain in the elderly.MethodsHealthy elderly women with at least 6 years of regular Tai Chi or brisk walking exercise were recruited and underwent cognitive assessment via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and brain structural and resting state functional MRI assessments.ResultsEpisodic memory in Tai Chi group was superior to that of the walking group; (2) higher gray matter density in inferior and medial temporal regions, including the hippocampal formation; (3) higher ReHo in temporal regions, specifically the fusiform gyrus and hippocampal formation (4) significant partial correlations were found between the gray matter density of the left hippocampus and episodic memory in the whole sample (5) significant partial correlations were observed between the ReHo in left hippocampus, left parahippocampal, left fusiform and delayed memory task was observed among all subjects.ConclusionThe present study suggest that long-term Tai Chi practice may improve memory performance via remodeling structure and the function of the hippocampal formation.
Pathogenic mutations in LRRK2 sequester Rab8a to damaged lysosomes and regulate transferrin-mediated iron uptake in microglia
Authors: Mamais Adamantios , Landeck Natalie , Langston Rebekah G. , Bonet-Ponce Luis , Smith Nathan , Beilina Alexandra , Kaganovich Alice , Ghosh Manik C. , Pellegrini Laura , Kluss Jillian H. , Kumaran Ravindran , Papazoglou Ioannis , Maio Nunziata , Kim Changyoun , Gershlick David C. , Cookson Mark R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD) while polymorphic LRRK2 variants are associated with sporadic PD. PD-linked mutations increase LRRK2 kinase activity and induce neurotoxicityin vitroandin vivo. The small GTPase Rab8a is a LRRK2 kinase substrate and is involved in receptor-mediated recycling and endocytic trafficking of transferrin, but the effect of PD-linked LRRK2 mutations on the function of Rab8a are poorly understood. Here, we show that gain-of-function mutations in LRRK2 induce sequestration of endogenous Rab8a into lysosomes in cells while pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity reverses this phenotype. Furthermore, we show that LRRK2 mutations drive accumulation of endocytosed transferrin into Rab8a-positive lysosomes leading to a dysregulation of iron transport. LRRK2 has been nominated as an integral part of cellular responses downstream of proinflammatory signals and is activated in microglia in post-mortem PD tissue. Here, we show that iPSC-derived microglia from patients carrying the most common LRRK2 mutation, G2019S, mistraffic transferrin to lysosomes proximal to the nucleus in proinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, G2019S knock-in mice show significant increase in iron deposition in microglia following intrastriatal LPS injection compared to wild type mice, accompanied by striatal accumulation of ferritin. Our data support a role of LRRK2 in modulating iron uptake and storage in response to proinflammatory stimuli in microglia.
Impact of total quality management, organisational excellence and entrepreneurial orientation on organisational performance: empirical evidence from the public sector in UAE
Authors: Al-Dhaafri Hassan Saleh , Alosani Mohammed Saleh 
Published: July 2020

PurposeDrawing upon the resource-based view, the authors examined empirically the total effect of total quality management (TQM), organisational excellence and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on organisational performanceDesign/methodology/approachHypotheses were formed to be tested using primary data collected through a survey questionnaire. The data were collected from the Dubai police organisation as a field of study. Out of the 500 distributed questionnaires, 280 questionnaires were returned. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data for measurement and structural models.FindingsThe statistical results that were extracted using PLS-SEM confirmed the positive and significant effect of TQM, organisational excellence and EO on organisational performance.Practical implicationsIn this study, many valuable implications were found from the results. The outcomes of this study can help managers, decision makers and practitioners in considering the importance of implementing practices, such as TQM, excellence and EO in their organisations. Therefore, the outcomes can help in achieving the best desired performance.Originality/valueThe present study is one of the most important empirical research studies that examine the total effect of TQM, organisational excellence and EO on performance relationships.
Investigating the influence of regulatory focus on the efficacy of online review volume versus valence
Authors: Kordrostami Elika , Liu-Thompkins Yuping , Rahmani Vahid 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Valence and volume of online reviews are generally considered to influence sales positively. However, existing findings regarding the relative influence of these two components have been inconclusive. This paper aims to explain some of these inconsistencies by examining the moderating role of regulatory focus (both as a chronic disposition and as a situational focus induced by the product category) in the relationship between online review volume/valence and consumers purchase decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
Two studies were conducted. Study 1 used a 2 (Volume: high/ low) * 3 (Valence: high/medium/low) within-subject experimental design. Study 2 analyzed real-world data from Amazon.com. Logistic and panel regression analyses were used to test the research hypotheses.

Findings
The studies confirmed the hypothesized effect of regulatory focus on online review valence and volume effects. Specifically, Study 1 showed that online review valence was more impactful for consumers with a promotion focus than for consumers with a prevention focus. The opposite was true for online review volume effects, where consumers with a prevention focus were influenced more by volume in their decision-making compared to consumers with a promotion focus. Study 2 showed that the pattern of results we found in Study 1 also applied to situational regulatory focus induced by the product category. The effect of review volume on sales rank was stronger for prevention-oriented products, whereas the effect of valence was stronger for promotion-oriented products.

Research limitations/implications
In Study 1, one product category was involved in the study (Digital camera). Involving more different product categories will add reliability to the results of current research. Also, it can offer external validity to current research results. In Study 2, there was no exact measurement for sales, as Amazon.com does not share that kind of information. Instead, Sales Rank was used as a proxy variable. Future research could look into the websites that offer access to the exact sales information.

Practical implications
The current research findings suggest the need for companies to adapt their consumer review management strategy to the regulatory orientation of their target market and products. When a promotion-focused mindset is targeted, strategies for increasing the favorability of product reviews should be used, in contrast, tactics for increasing the quantity of reviews may be more suitable when a prevention-focused mindset is involved.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this research is the first to investigate the interaction between regulatory focus of consumers and products and online review components.
Turnover among young adults in the hospitality industry: examining the impact of fun in the workplace and training climate
Authors: Tews Michael J. , Hoefnagels Ankie , Jolly Phillip M. , Stafford Kathryn 
Published: July 2020

PurposeAs a step toward more firmly establishing factors to promote retention among younger employees in the hospitality industry, this study aims to focuses on fun in the workplace (fun activities, manager support for fun and coworker socializing) and training climate (organizational support, manager support and job support) as potential antecedents of turnover in a European context.Design/methodology/approachLogistic regression was used to analyze the impact of fun and training climate on turnover with a sample of 902 employees from Belgium, Germany and The Netherlands. Data on fun and training climate were obtained through surveys, which were paired with turnover data from organizational records.FindingsWith respect to fun in the workplace, group-level manager support for fun and coworker socializing were significantly related to turnover, but not fun activities. With respect to training climate, individual-level job support was significantly related to turnover, but not organizational support and manager support.Research limitations/implicationsAs the data were obtained from employees from one organization, further research would be valuable with additional samples to substantiate the generalizability of the results.Practical implicationsGiven the challenge of turnover, organizations should foster informal aspects of fun in the workplace and learning opportunities to promote retention.Originality/valueThe study examined the fun–turnover relationship in a context outside of the USA where previous fun–turnover research has been conducted, and it examined fun relative to training climate, which has not been studied heretofore. This study also investigated group- and individual-level effects of both fun and training climate on turnover.
Competencies and success measured by net income among Hungarian HE graduates
Authors: Kuráth Gabriella , Sipos Norbert 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show the effects of the six competence areas of Garcia-Aracil and Van der Velden (2007) on new graduates' labor market success measured by salary.Design/methodology/approachThe paper starts with a literature review about the role of competencies in higher education. Then the Graduate Career Tracking System (GCTS) carried out at the University of Pécs (UP) in Hungary provides a good basis to understand the competence assessment methodology better. Furthermore, GCTS is suitable for carrying out an exploratory, a confirmatory factor analysis and an OLS regression to discover the connection between competencies and level of income.FindingsThe analyzed results, using a representative online survey based on 6,190 respondents, show that the six competence sets do exist, but that not all of them have a significant effect on salaries. With the control variables involved, 24.3% (EFA) and 23.0% (CFA) of the global competencies account for variance in salaries. The impact of methodological and the socioemotional set on salaries can be clearly seen among those with new degrees, and based on the results and the literature review, the HEIs can improve them.Research limitations/implicationsIn the absence of nationwide general competence assessment, the results are limited only for the UP graduates of Hungary, even if this HEI is one of the biggest ones.Practical implicationsBased on the results, more soft-competence development courses and opportunities should be offered by the HEIs.Originality/valueThe findings of the study help us to understand the role of the institutions in tertiary education, the extra service to be provided to assist students in being successful in life. Based on the literature review, there is a need to understand better the connection between competencies and labor market success. This paper contributes to this and also presents an opportunity for further comparative research. The sample is robust to allow other researchers to use this conceptual model and apply it to other countries.
Regenerative futures
Authors: Camrass Kimberly 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate how futures concepts may further existing regenerative sustainability thinking.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews existing regenerative fields, including regenerative design, regenerative development and regenerative sustainability as alternatives to conventional sustainability practice. It considers futures concepts that may deepen regenerative thinking and practice to develop a regenerative futures conceptual model.

Findings
This paper demonstrates how regenerative fields and futures studies have the capacity to reciprocally inform one another and builds upon this relationship through the development of a regenerative futures conceptual model.

Originality/value
This paper makes a number of theoretical contributions. First, it demonstrates how regenerative fields and futures thinking may reciprocally inform one another and, subsequently, enrich regenerative practice. Second, by drawing from futures thinking, it questions and ultimately lengthens notions of reality and time from a regenerative perspective. Finally, through the proposal of a regenerative futures conceptual model, it offers an alternative lens to analyse human behaviours and their associated impacts. In this way, it introduces a theoretical model that is focused on deep individual and collective transformation and a starting point for future research and refinement.
Are functional, emotional and social values interrelated? A study of traditional guesthouses in Iran
Authors: Rasoolimanesh S. Mostafa , Iranmanesh Mohmmad , Amin Muslim , Hussain Kashif , Jaafar Mastura , Ataeishad Hamid 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the interrelationships between the dimensions of perceived value, including functional, emotional and social values. The mediating role of emotional value between functional and social values and satisfaction have been hypothesized and tested. In addition, this study examines the moderating role of social value for the effect of emotional value on satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
Data for this study were collected from guests staying at two traditional guesthouses in Kashan, Iran. The authors applied partial least squares structural equation modeling to analyze 316 questionnaires completed by participants and for hypotheses testing.

Findings
The authors found positive and direct effects of all dimensions of perceived value on satisfaction. Moreover, the results indicated positive and significant indirect effects for functional and social values on satisfaction through emotional value. The findings demonstrated positive and strong effects of functional and social values on emotional value. The results do not support a moderating role for social value on the relationship between emotional value and satisfaction. In addition, the findings showed a strong and positive effect for satisfaction on revisit intentions.

Originality/value
This study makes a unique theoretical contribution to the perceived value literature by investigating the interrelationships between dimensions of perceived value. Moreover, this study explores several practical implications of these findings.