bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monopulse Tracking Systems
Authors: Sierra‐Pérez Manuel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Since its first conception at the end of World War II, the monopulse principle has become the most extended way to get accurate information about the target angular position in radar systems. Both tracking radars and scan radars use this principle in the accurate determination of the angular deviation with respect to the antenna axis (OBA, off‐boresight angle). Now, not only radar but any radio communication systems that need to orientate a narrow beam antenna to the transmitter use monopulse tracking systems. Satellite or deep space sound communications use this kind of system to secure links with very narrow beam antennas. Identification friend and foe (IFF) military systems use this principle to get narrow beam information links.
In this paper, the main characteristics of a monopulse tracking system are presented. First, a comparison to other angular detection tracking system is done to give the advantages of the monopulse. A brief description of the monopulse principle is introduced and a more extended description of antennas to obtain the main diagrams and monopulse processors to get the error signals are presented in the third and fourth sections.
Multiphysics Modeling with Computational Electromagnetics
Authors: Jin Jian‐Ming , Yan Su 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As computational methods for solving Maxwell's equations become rather mature, the time has come to tackle much more challenging multiphysics problems, which have a great range of applications in science and technology. In this chapter, we use four examples to illustrate the challenges and resolutions of multiphysics modeling. The first example is related to electromagnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment, which requires solving electromagnetic and bioheat transfer equation for the planning and optimization of the treatment process. The second example concerns the heat problem in integrated circuits due to electromagnetic dissipated power and its effects and a potential cooling solution, which requires an electrical–thermal–fluid–mechanical co‐simulation. The third example considers modeling of monolithic microwave integrated circuits, which consist of both distributive and lumped circuit components. The fourth example simulates the air and dielectric breakdown in high‐power microwave devices by coupling electromagnetic modeling with various plasma models. With these examples, we discuss in detail some of the technical challenges typically encountered in multiphysics modeling and their potential solutions.
Nanostructured Bubbles‐Enhanced Fluorescence for Ultrasensitive Portable MicroRNA Detection
Authors: Tang Yuteng , Xiang Yuanhang , Yang Yu , Zhang Yuyuan , Wei Binqi , Qin Xiaojie , Fang Min , Wang Qiqin , Li Xinchun , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe unmet on‐site clinical diagnostics are increasingly demanding portable bioassays, but compromised by sensitivity and throughput. Herein, a nanostructured bubbles‐enhanced fluorescence (nBEF) assay is reported by interfacing with smartphone imaging system to enable portable, ultrasensitive, and specific miRNA detection in parallel. In nBEF, the high‐curvature bubbles allow physically enhancing optical propagation, chemically enhancing fluorescence, assembling more DNA probes, undergoing faster self‐suspension and more efficient self‐aggregation fluorescence enhancement relative to their smooth counterparts. By coupling with bubble‐driven signal amplification by a plug‐and‐play DNA concatemer, and with a smartphone imaging system, this nBEF assay achieves a portable and ultrasensitive fluorescent assay of miRNA at the femtomolar level with one‐base resolution in a single test, and is capable of monitoring drug‐induced miRNA dynamic expression and accurate cancer diagnosis (AUC = 1) through profiling 40 plasma samples after RNA extraction. This assay further integrates an R‐value analysis in RGB module with the smartphone to realize automated, on‐site miRNA readout. Such a high‐performance nBEF assay provides a low‐cost, portable, and highly sensitive tool to enable accurate clinical diagnosis.
Fast Recoverable Shape Memory Cryogels Engineered with Surfactant‐Stabilized Bubbles and Vermiculite for Non‐Compressible Hemostasis
Authors: Wang Binhui , Zhu Bin , Liu Yihao , Ren Bowen , Chen Yurong , Feng Luyao , Martin‐Saldana Sergio , An Bochen , Gong Yining , Ren Yiming , Li Jinqing , Huang Da , Du Baoji , Liu Jianheng , Bu Yazhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractShape memory cryogels hold immense promise for non‐compressible hemostasis due to their shape recovery after contacting with blood. However, there is still a lack of an easy way to accelerate the shape‐recovery speed which is highly associated with its performance. Meanwhile, the incorporation of extra pro‐coagulation mechanisms will further improve the hemostatic efficacy. Herein, surfactant‐stabilized bubbles are used to improve the shape‐recovery speed of cryogels (GHP) through the modulation of porosity and pore size based on the capillary action. Additionally, 2D nanosheet vermiculite (VMT) is fabricated and incorporated into the system to get VMT@GHP cryogels. Remarkably, VMT@GHP exhibits a fast shape recovery speed (1.3 ± 0.3 s in the blood) among reported hemostats and the ability to promote blood coagulation. Animal studies show that VMT@GHP significantly accelerates the hemostasis in both rat and pig models, even in heparinized situations. In summary, VMT@GHP represents a highly effective solution for non‐compressible hemorrhage control, with promising prospects for clinical translation.
Orientation Engineering of Nanoporous BiVO4 Photoanodes Toward Boosted Glycerol Valorization and Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Wu Zihao , Ren Kexin , Zhou Jiayi , Zhang Yujing , Qi Limin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotoelectrocatalysis has the capability to utilize solar energy to produce hydrogen and valuable chemicals; however, their conversion efficiency remains to reach practical thresholds. Here, a rapid‐ramping annealing strategy is reported to synthesize nanoporous Mo‐doped bismuth vanadate (MBVO) photoanodes with (001)‐preferred orientation. This approach leverages the enhanced carrier transport along the crystallographic [001] direction, optimizing the bulk photoelectrical properties of the MBVO photoanodes. By substituting the surface oxygen evolution reaction with the glycerol oxidation reaction, the photoconversion efficiency is significantly boosted, reaching a photocurrent density of 7.45 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus RHE and an incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency of ≈100% for hydrogen generation, accompanied by the production of value‐added products in a high rate (≈1700 mmol m−2 h−1 in total) with a total Faradaic efficiency up to 96%. These results shed light on the construction of practical photoelectrocatalysis systems by demonstrating the potential of bulk‐phase engineering coupled with surface reaction design.
Designing High Reversibility Free‐Standing Hierarchical Porous High‐Entropy Oxide as Anodes for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pei Linyuan , Kang Jianli , He Chunnian , Shi Chunsheng , Chen Biao , Sha Junwei , Ma Liying , Liu Enzuo , Zhao Naiqin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDesigning high‐entropy oxides (HEOs) anodes with fast reaction kinetics and superior cycling stability for lithium‐ion battery energy storage is extremely promising but still challenging. Little attention has been paid to solving the poor cyclability caused by structural damage and volume expansion by optimizing the structural design strategies of HEOs. Herein, a free‐standing hierarchical porous high‐entropy alloy (HEA)/oxide (hp‐HEA/HEO) anode is prepared by melt‐dealloying and solution treatment method. The origins of rapid ion diffusion and electron transport, as well as cyclability, are systematically illustrated by different levels of synergy. Specifically, the hierarchical porous structure buffers the volume expansion (only 12.9%) at macroscopic, and the microcrystalline stabilization mechanism benefiting from high‐entropy effects is responsible for the overall frame during cycling at the microscopic level. As a result, the hp‐HEA/HEO exhibits satisfactory performance with 7.42 mAh cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2 and capacity retention of 98% at 1.0 mA cm−2 after 100 cycles. This work provides a new idea for designing advanced HEO anode materials in structure and composition for energy storage‐related applications.
Streamlining the Highly Reproducible Fabrication of Fibrous Biomedical Specimens toward Standardization and High Throughput
Authors: Lamberger Zan , Mussoni Camilla , Murenu Nicoletta , Andrade Mier Mateo , Stahlhut Philipp , Ahmad Taufiq , Schaefer Natascha , Villmann Carmen , Zwingelberg Sarah , Groll Jürgen , Lang Gregor 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoft nano‐ and microfiber‐based polymer scaffolds bear enormous potential for their use in cell culture and tissue engineering since they mimic natural collagen structures and may thus serve as biomimetic adhesive substrates. They have, however, so far been restricted to small‐scale production in research labs with high batch‐to‐batch variation. They are commonly produced via electrospinning or melt electrowriting and their delicate nature poses obstacles in detachment, storage, and transportation. This study focuses on overcoming challenges in the high throughput production and practical handling, introducing new methods to reproducibly prepare such scaffolds suitable for quantitative cell culture applications. Attention is given to the seamless handling and transfer of samples without compromising structural integrity. Challenges in detaching fibers without damage as well as storage, and transport are addressed. Cell culture studies demonstrate the methodological advantages, emphasizing the potential for standardized testing and biological readouts of these delicate fiber materials. The developed methods are applicable across various electrospinning and melt electrowriting approaches and can essentially contribute to their utilization in laboratory research and commercial applications.
Deeply Implantable, Shape‐Morphing, 3D MicroLEDs for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lee Jae Hee , Lee Chae Gyu , Kim Min Seo , Kim Seungyeob , Song Myoung , Zhang Haohui , Yang Eunbyeol , Kwon Yoon Hee , Jung Young Hoon , Hyeon Dong Yeol , Choi Yoon Ji , Oh Seyong , Joe Daniel J. , Kim Taek‐Soo , Jeon Sanghun , Huang Yonggang , Kwon Tae‐Hyuk , Lee Keon Jae 
Published: December 2024

AbstractControlled photooxidation‐mediated disruption of collagens in the tumor microenvironment can reduce desmoplasia and enhance immune responsiveness. However, achieving effective light delivery to solid tumors, particularly those with dynamic volumetric changes like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), remains challenging and limits the repeated and sustained photoactivation of drugs. Here, 3D, shape‐morphing, implantable photonic devices (IPDs) are introduced that enable tumor‐specific and continuous light irradiation for effective metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT). This IPD adheres seamlessly to the surface of orthotopic PDAC tumors, mitigating issues related to mechanical mismatch, delamination, and internal lesions. In freely moving mouse models, mPDT using the IPD with close adhesion significantly reduces desmoplastic tumor volume without causing cytotoxic effects in healthy tissues. These promising in vivo results underscore the potential of an adaptable and unidirectional IPD design in precisely targeting cancerous organs, suggesting a meaningful advance in light‐based therapeutic technologies.
Shedding Light on the Mid‐Infrared Complex Refractive Index of Anodic Aluminum Oxide
Authors: Díaz‐Lobo Alba , Castro‐Fernández Irene , Blanco Eduardo , Ramos Daniel , Martin‐Gonzalez Marisol , Manzano Cristina V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the current scientific landscape, the understanding of optical properties in the mid‐infrared (mid‐IR) range (3–30 µm) is crucial in simulations and models to explore the potential of materials for various applications. However, due to the challenges associated with mid‐IR characterization, accurate refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (κ) data are often lacking in the literature. This study addresses this gap by investigating the mid‐IR n and κ spectra of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanostructures anodized under different conditions, using two distinct approaches: IR ellipsometry and a theoretical model based on multilayer reflection and effective medium. The results demonstrate a strong agreement: the anodizing conditions have a significant influence on the optical properties of the AAO nanostructures. These differences enable accurate simulations of the emissivity spectra of AAO nanostructures on Al foils, which align closely with experimental measurements. This theoretical approximation is versatile and extensible to a broad range of materials. Different materials are tested, namely, a sapphire, a polycarbonate film, and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film achieving a useful qualitative description. This study paves the way for a novel approach in the engineering of new micro and nano‐optical materials, facilitating their evaluation for suitability in mid‐IR applications.
Effective Electrolyte Combination Composed of 1,1‐Diethoxyethane and Lithium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide for Dendrite‐suppressible Li Metal Anodes
Authors: Park Juhwi , Mun Junyoung , Yim Taeeun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough Li metal is considered the most promising anode material owing to its high theoretical capacity, there are numerous restrictions on expanding its application because of undesired surface reactions occurring at the Li anode. To solve this, an effective electrolyte combination consisting of 1,1‐diethoxyethane (DEE) and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) is used in this work, which can provide an organic/inorganic‐hybridized solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the Li anode. The DEE solvent affords flexible carbon‐abundant components, whereas LiFSI offers mechanically rigid lithium fluoride‐type components; these undergo electrochemical reduction to form SEI layers that are balanced in terms of organic and inorganic components. Systematic analysis results exhibit that when the SEI layer integrated with DEE and LiFSI is embedded in the lithium anode, electrolyte decomposition, and dendritic lithium growth are suppressed in Li/Li cells, thereby improving surface stability. Similarly, it provides stable cycle life characteristics even at 150 cycles in Li/S cells (72.0% vs 52.6%).
Sustainable Soft Electronics with Biodegradable Regenerated Cellulose Films and Printed Recyclable Silver Nanowires
Authors: Meza Luz , Shukla Darpan , Sadeghifar Hasan , Hsiao Lilian , Zhu Yong , Venditti Richard A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study describes the production of biodegradable and recyclable flexible electronic devices created by screen‐printing silver nanowires (AgNWs) onto regenerated cellulose films (RCFs). RCFs, derived from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), are developed and further enhanced for flexibility with additives such as glycerol and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE). The resulting cellulose films display relatively high tensile strength (up to 120 MPa), low Young's Modulus (down to 1500 MPa), and 90% optical transparency. Ink with AgNWs and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a binder is screen‐printed on regenerated cellulose films. The printed AgNWs patterns exhibit high electrical conductivity, excellent electromechanical performance, and strong interfacial adhesion with RCFs. To demonstrate the application of printed AgNWs on RCFs for soft electronics, transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are fabricated. Grid and honeycomb structures are printed separately and evaluated in terms of sheet resistance and optical transparency. TCEs with ≈80% transparency and very low sheet resistance (0.045 Ω sq−1) are obtained. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose substrate and the recovery for reuse of the AgNWs are demonstrated, showing the potential of integrating natural polymers and recyclable nanomaterials for eco‐friendly and sustainable soft flexible electronics.
Unveiling Tissue‐Specific RNA Landscapes in Mouse Organs During Fasting and Feeding Using Nanopore Direct RNA Sequencing
Authors: Jiang Chengfei , Li Ping , Cao Haiming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding tissue‐specific RNA landscapes is essential for uncovering the functional mechanisms of key organs in mammals. However, current knowledge remains limited, as short‐read RNA sequencing—the predominant method for assessing gene expression—depends on incomplete gene annotations and struggles to resolve the diverse transcripts produced by genes. To address these limitations, an integrative approach combining nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS), ATAC‐Seq, and short‐read RNA‐seq is used. This method enabled the analysis of RNA landscapes across major mouse organs under fasting and fed conditions, representing two extremes of the caloric cycle. This study uncovered tens of thousands of novel transcripts and identified hundreds of genes with tissue‐specific expression, revealing additional layers of regulated pathways within each organ that conventional short‐read RNA‐seq cannot resolve. By profiling transcript expression across multiple organs under identical conditions, it is conducted comparative analyses exposing significant differences in transcript isoforms and regulations. Moreover, nanopore DRS revealed dynamic changes in poly(A) tail length and m6A modifications of transcripts, many regulated in a tissue‐specific manner. These changes likely contribute to functional differentiation and metabolic specialization of various organs. Collectively, this findings reveal previously unrecognized layers of gene regulation, offering new insights into the metabolic basis of organ function.
Hepatic Steatosis Aggravates Vascular Calcification via Extracellular Vesicle‐Mediated Osteochondrogenic Switch of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Zeng Zhao‐Lin , Zhao Zhi‐Bo , Yuan Qing , Yang Shi‐Qi , Wang Zhen‐Xing , Wang Zuo , Zeng Shi‐Yu , Li An‐Qi , Chen Qian , Zhu Guo‐Qiang , Xiao Xin‐Hua , Luo Guang‐Hua , Luo Hai‐Yan , Li Jiao‐Yang , Zu Xu‐Yu , Xie Hui , Liu Jiang‐Hua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe global incidence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has risen sharply. This condition is strongly associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but how MAFLD affects the development and progression of CVD, particularly concerning vascular calcification, remains unclear. Herein, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are identified from steatotic hepatocytes as a trigger that accelerated the progression of both vascular intimal and medial calcification. Steatotic hepatocytes are found to release more EVs, which are able to reach the vascular tissue, be taken up by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and promote their osteogenic differentiation. Within these toxic vesicles, a protein cargo is identified called lectin galactoside‐binding soluble 3 binding protein (Lgals3bp) that acted as a potent inducer of osteochondrogenic transformation in VSMCs. Both the inhibition of EV release and the liver‐specific knockdown of Lgals3bp profoundly attenuated vascular calcification. This work partially explains the reason for the high incidence of vascular calcification in MAFLD and unveils a novel mechanism that may be used to prevent or treat cardiovascular complications in patients with MAFLD.
Reversing Persistent PTEN Activation after Traumatic Brain Injury Fuels Long‐Term Axonal Regeneration via Akt/mTORC1 Signaling Cascade
Authors: Shi Ziyu , Mao Leilei , Chen Shuning , Du Zhuoying , Xiang Jiakun , Shi Minghong , Wang Yana , Wang Yuqing , Chen Xingdong , Xu Zhi‐Xiang , Gao Yanqin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to enduring axonal damage and persistent neurological deficits. While PTEN's role in neuronal growth is recognized, its long‐term activation changes post‐TBI and its effects on sensory‐motor circuits are not well understood. Here, it is demonstrated that the neuronal knockout of PTEN (PTEN‐nKO) significantly enhances both structural and functional recovery over the long term after TBI. Importantly, in vivo, DTI‐MRI revealed that PTEN‐nKO promotes white matter repair post‐TBI. Additionally, calcium imaging and electromyographic recordings indicated that PTEN‐nKO facilitates cortical remapping and restores sensory‐motor pathways. Mechanistically, PTEN negatively regulates the Akt/mTOR pathway by inhibiting Akt, thereby suppressing mTOR. Raptor is a key component of mTORC1 and its suppression impedes axonal regeneration. The restoration of white matter integrity and the improvements in neural function observed in PTEN‐nKO TBI‐treated mice are reversed by a PTEN/Raptor double knockout (PTEN/Raptor D‐nKO), suggesting that mTORC1 acts as a key mediator. These findings highlight persistent alterations in the PTEN/Akt/mTORC1 axis are critical for neural circuit remodeling and cortical remapping post‐TBI, offering new insights into TBI pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets.
Precise Tuning of Flexoelectricity in SrTiO3 by Ion Irradiation
Authors: Nan Shuai , Xu Shipu , Ren Yunlong , Yuan Xin , Ma Yuhua , Zhai Pengfei , Zhang Fuxiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFlexoelectric coefficient is a tetradic and its introduction enables centrosymmetric materials to exhibit piezoelectricity. However, the flexoelectric paradigm currently lacks a strategy to effectively tune the strain gradient for optimal electro‐mechanical coupling. This study proposes a quantized collision model accessible through ionic irradiation technology to explore the flexoelectricity and precisely modulate the strain gradient. The lattice strain is introduced in SrTiO3 (STO) single crystals and tuned broadly by irradiation with ions of He+, C+, and P+ at dose of 1 × 1014 and 2 × 1015 ion cm−2, respectively. Under C+ ion irradiation at a dose of 2 × 1015 ion cm−2, thin‐film X‐ray diffraction reveals a strain gradient up to ≈0.65% nm−1. The resulted polarization is found to orient out‐of‐plane, as observed through X‐ray reciprocal space mapping and high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. Piezoresponse force microscopy characterization reveals that the electric‐induced out‐of‐plane polarization reversal emerges at room temperature, corresponding to a stain gradient ≈0.05% nm−1 in STO's flexoelectric response. This study demonstrates that ion irradiation is an effective strategy for precisely tuning the flexoelectric properties.