bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal Impacts of Aerial Adulticide Applications on Populations of West Nile Virus Vector Mosquitoes
Authors: Holcomb Karen M. , Reiner Robert C. , Barker Christopher M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Aerial applications of insecticides that target adult mosquitoes are widely used to reduce transmission of West Nile virus to humans during periods of epidemic risk. However, estimates of the reduction in abundance following these treatments typically focus on single events and can vary widely due to stochastic variation in population dynamics and trapping success unrelated to the treatment.Methods: To overcome these limitations and assess real-world efficacy using observational data from 12 years of vector control operations, we fitted generalized additive models to mosquito surveillance data from CO2-baited traps in Sacramento and Yolo counties, California from 2006-2017. The models accounted for the expected spatial and temporal trends in the abundance of adult female Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens in the absence of aerial spraying. Estimates for the magnitude of deviation from baseline abundance following aerial spray events were obtained from the models.Results: One-week post-treatment with pyrethroid or pyrethrin products, Cx. pipiens abundance was reduced by a mean of 52.4% (95% CI: -65.6, -36.5%) while the use of at least one organophosphate pesticide resulted in a 76.2% (95% CI: -82.8, -67.9%) reduction. For Cx. tarsalis one-week post-treatment resulted in a 30.7% (95% CI: -54.5, 2.5%) reduction; pesticide class was not a significant factor for this species. Repetition of spraying over three to four consecutive weeks resulted in similar estimates for Cx. pipiens and a somewhat smaller magnitude for Cx. tarsalis.Conclusions: Aerial adulticides are effective for rapid short-term reduction of the abundance of the primary West Nile virus vectors, Cx. tarsalis and Cx. pipiens. A larger magnitude of reduction is estimated for Cx. pipiens, possibly due to the species’ focal distribution. Effects of aerial sprays on Cx. tarsalis populations are likely moderated by the species’ large dispersal ability, population sizes, and vast productive larval habitat present in the study area. Our modeling approach provides a way to estimate effects of public-health pesticides on vector populations using real-world observational data and accounting for contextual factors like spatio-temporal relationships, weather, and habitat and expands upon past studies that have focused on effects of individual aerial treatment events.
Merozoites of Theileria Orientalis Buffeli Reduce Parasitosis Following Challenge by Ticks Infested with T.Orientalis Ikeda
Authors: Emery David , Burgh Susan de , Dinh Therese Hoang Hieu Hanh , Rolls Peter , Carter Phillip 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: An investigation aimed to confirm whether immunisation with the “benign” buffeli genotype of Theileria orientalis could reduce the parasitosis of the virulent ikeda genotype. Methods: Calves were inoculated intravenously or subcutaneously with bovine blood containing merozoites of T.orientalis buffeli. When recipients became positive, they and control animals were challenged with unfed nymphs of Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks infested as larvae with T.orientalis ikeda. Results: All calves became positive for the challenge within 12 days after tick application. In the immunised calves, the first wave of parasitosis with T.orientalis ikeda from 4-6 weeks was reduced significantly by >80% before the infestation declined into the carrier state by 9 weeks. Conclusions: The results confirm the field experience with theileriosis in endemic zones where the carrier state appears to prevent clinical disease despite repeated, seasonal tick infestations with virulent genotypes of the parasite. This method offers a means to reduce the severity of the first wave of theilerial parasitosis after tick challenge and recover associated production losses.
Broadening Diversity Through Creative Engagement in Research Prioritisation
Authors: Tierney Stephanie , Dawson Shoba , Boylan Anne-Marie , Richards Gillian , Park Sophie , Turk Amadea , Babatunde Opeyemi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Patient and public involvement (PPI) can help with steering and shaping research prioritisation and execution. However, some groups of people may not be encouraged to take part and their voices may be seldom listened to in the production of research. This is important to consider because they may have poorer healthcare experiences. We wanted to try out using art as a vehicle for including individuals not necessarily invited to be part of research priority setting. Methods: We contacted existing groups and organisations to reach people who are not routinely supported to be part of PPI. We targeted individuals: a) with dementia, b) with mental health conditions, and c) from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic backgrounds. We ran a workshop with each group at which individuals shared their experiences of healthcare. A young amateur artist also attended, who produced a piece of artwork afterwards that reflected the research priorities raised. We held a Twitter chat to discuss the final pieces of art that were created, and the processes involved in their generation.Results: From each workshop, we produced a list of research priorities. These included: a) improving coordination of care for people with dementia, b) supporting discussion of women’s health issues in South Asian communities, c) information needs, anxiety/guilt around accessing care and costs associated with this for people with a mixture of physical and mental health conditions. These priorities were reflected in three pieces of art, which can be viewed online. Feedback from those at workshops suggested that the artwork has helped them to feel their voice has been heard and triggered their interest in how research is developed. Those involved in the Twitter chat commented that art was one means through which researchers could connect with a range of groups in a PPI context when preparing and then producing a study. Conclusions: We found the medium of art to be an effective way of including a range of people in research prioritisation setting. This approach could be useful for future public involvement and engagement, building on what we have learnt from the project described in this paper.
Community Socioeconomic Disadvantage Drives Type of 30-Day Medical-Surgical Revisits Among Patients with Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Germack Hayley Drew , Cooper Mandy , Koller Krista , Mahmoud Khadejah , Vincent Heather , Martsolf Grant R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with serious mental illness (SMI) are vulnerable to medical-surgical readmissions and emergency department visits. Community socioeconomic disadvantage has been associated with readmission risk in the general population, but its impact on other types of revisits (emergency department visits and observation stays), particularly in patients with SMI, is unknown. Methods: We used Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project discharge abstracts for 1,914,619 patients with SMI discharged after medical-surgical admissions in Florida and New York between 2012 and 2015 and their revisits to the hospital within 30 days of discharge. We linked this data to the Area Deprivation Index for the communities that patients returned to.Results: Patients with SMI returning to the most disadvantaged communities had greater adjusted 30-day revisit rates than patients from less disadvantaged communities. Among those that experienced a revisit, patients returning the most disadvantaged communities had 7.3% greater 30-day observation stay revisits. Conclusion: These results suggest that additional investments are needed to ensure that patients with SMI returning the most socioeconomically disadvantaged communities are receiving appropriate post-discharge care.
Cancer Patients’ Satisfaction with Virtual Clinics in Ireland During COVID-19.
Authors: Mullally William J , Greene John , Jordan Emmet , Horgan Anne , Calvert Paula , O'Connor Miriam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented lockdown of Ireland and significant healthcare challenges including outpatient department clinics. As a result, these cancer clinics were conducted virtually by telephone. The aim of this study is to measure cancer patients’ satisfaction with telephone consultations.Methods Cancer patients on active treatment or surveillance in an Irish university hospital were invited to complete a questionnaire issued via “Survey Monkey”. It comprised ten questions and assessed whether patients concerns were adequately addressed and preference to continue with virtual consultations. Patients recorded what was absent from the current environment when compared with previous clinics.Results This survey was issued to 180 cancer patients including 65 (36%) men and 115 females (64%) with a median age of 65 (range 20 – 92) years. Fifty-four patients (30%) completed this anonymised questionnaire. Over 96% (n=52) of cancer patients agreed/strongly agreed their concerns were addressed satisfactorily and similarly 93% (n=50) felt reassured after this consultation. One-third of patients (n=18) would prefer for all out-patient consultations to revert to those in the pre COVID-19 era and 11% agreed all future consultations should continue virtually. The remaining, 30 patients (56%) agreed with the later though only in certain circumstances. Twenty-eight patients missed (56%) missed the face-to-face interaction and reassurance provided by a physical examination. Conclusion This is the first Irish oncology study which examined cancer patients perspective of Health Service Executive directed virtual outpatient clinics. Face-to-face consultations are crucial for optimal cancer patient care and cannot be eliminated completely.
High-grade Postoperative Complications Affect Survival Outcomes of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Peritoneal Metastases Treated with Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhou Sicheng , Feng Qiang , Zhang Jing , Zhou Haitao , Jiang Zheng , Liu Zheng , Zheng Zhaoxu , Chen Haipeng , Wang Zheng , Liang Jianwei , Pei Wei , Liu Qian , Zhou Zhixiang , Wang Xishan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of postoperative complications on long-term survival in patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) arising from colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).Methods Patients with PM arising from CRC treated with CRS and HIPEC were systematically reviewed at the China National Cancer Center and Huanxing Cancer Hospital from June 2017 to June 2019. High-grade complications that occurred within 30 days were defined as grade 3 to 4 events according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) classification. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression models for overall survival were created. Predictors of high-grade postoperative complications were evaluated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results In all, 86 consecutive cases were included in this study. Forty-one patients (47.7%) developed postoperative complications, while 22 patients (25.6%) experienced high-grade complications. No mortality occurred during the postoperative period. The median survival of all patients was 25 months, and the estimated 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 35.0%. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, a high peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) score (HR, 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01-1.14; P=0.015) and grade 3-4 postoperative complications (HR, 1.86, 95% CI, 1.22-3.51; P=0.044) correlated with worse overall survival. High estimated blood loss (OR, 1.01, 95% CI, 1.01-1.02; P<0.001) was identified as an independent risk factor for developing high-grade complications.Conclusion Careful patient selection, high levels of technical skill and improved perioperative management are crucial to ensure patient survival benefits after CRS+HIPEC.
NSUN5 is Upregulated and Positively Correlated with Translation in Human Cancers: A Bioinformatics-based Study
Authors: Zhang Xiao-wen , Huang Yan , Wu Lu-yi , Qi Qin , Zhong Rui , Li Shan-shan , Zhao Ji-meng , Liu Hui-rong , Wu Huan-gan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The role of RNA m5C (5-methylcytosine) and RNA m5C methyltransferases (RCMTs, including NSUN1, NSUN2, NSUN3, NSUN4, NSUN5, NSUN6, NSUN7 and TRDMT1) in human cancers remains largely unknown. In this study, GEPIA2 was used to compare the expression of RCMTs in human cancers and that in associated normal tissues, and to analyze the prognosis value of NSUN5 expression. UALCAN was used to compare the methylation level of NSUN5 promoter in human cancers and that in associated normal tissues. LinkedOmics was used perform BPs (biological processes), CCs (cellular components), MFs (molecular functions) and KEGG pathways analyses of NSUN5-correlated genes in each cancer one by one. We found that six RCMTs (NSUN1-NSUN5 and TRDMT1), especially NSUN5, were generally upregulated in human cancers, that the hypomethylation of NSUN5 promoter may be responsible for its upregulation, and that overexpressed NSUN5 predicted poorer prognosis and was positively correlated with translation in human cancers. The function of NSUN5 in human cancers and its mechanism need to be validated by biological experiments.
WITHDRAWN: Effect of Elevated CO2&nbsp;on Photosynthetic Accumulation and Sucrose Metabolism-related Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression Patterns in Goji Berry (Lycium Barbarum L.)
Authors: Ma Yaping , Xie Yun , Ha Rong , Cao Bing , Song Lihua 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Exposing goji berries to elevated CO2 (eCO2) for long periods reduces sugar and secondary metabolite contents. However, sugar accumulation in fruit depends on photosynthesis and photoassimilate partitioning. The objectives of this study were a) to explore photosynthesis, sugar content, and sucrose metabolism-related enzyme activity in goji berry leaves and fruits under ambient and elevated CO2, and b) to identify the genes encoding Lycium barbarum acid invertase (LBAI), L. barbarum sucrose synthase (LBSS), L. barbarum sucrose phosphate synthase (LBSPS), and L. barbarum neutral invertase (LBNI) based on transcriptome profiling and expression analyses in different tissues. Results: The results showed that the expression of the above genes changed significantly in plants grown under eCO2 for 90 and 120 days as photosynthetic rate increased, while leaf and fruit sugar content decreased and the activity of four sucrose metabolism-related enzymes increased in leaves, and acid and neutral invertase increased in fruits. Furthermore, a significant correlation was detected between sugar content and enzyme activity. The expression of LBAI, LBSPS, and LBNI were high in stems, whereas LBSS was predominantly expressed in fruits. Conclusions: eCO2 affects chlorophyll, photosynthesis, sugars, and related enzyme activities in goji berry leaves and fruits after 90 and 120 days of treatment. Our findings provide fundamental data on photosynthesis and sugar accumulation trends in goji berries under eCO2 exposure.
Helmet CPAP&nbsp;to Treat Hypoxic Pneumonia Outside the ICU: An Observational Study During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Coppadoro Andrea , Benini Annalisa , Fruscio Robert , Verga Luisa , Mazzola Paolo , Carbone Marco , Mulinacci Giacomo , Soria Alessandro , Noe' Beatrice , Beck Eduardo , Sciacca Riccardo Di , Ippolito Davide , Citerio Giuseppe , Valsecchi Grazia , Biondi Andrea , Pesci Alberto , Bonfanti Paolo , Gaudesi Davide , Bellani Giacomo , Foti Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with high mortality and may threaten healthcare systems hold, due to the surge patients requiring advanced respiratory support. Shortage of intensive care unit (ICU) beds required many patients to be treated outside the ICU despite severe hypoxia. Helmet is as effective interface to provide Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) non-invasively. We report data about the usefulness of helmet CPAP during pandemic, either as an effective treatment, a bridge to intubation or a rescue therapy for patients with care limitations (DNI).Methods: In this observational study we collected data regarding patients failing standard oxygen therapy (i.e. non-rebreathing mask) due to COVID-19 pneumonia treated with a free flow helmet CPAP system. Patients’ data were recorded before, at initiation of CPAP treatment and once a day, since. CPAP failure was defined as a composite outcome of intubation or death.Results: A total of 306 patients were included; 42% were deemed as DNI. Helmet CPAP treatment was successful in 69% of the full-treatment and 29% of the DNI patients (P<0.001). With helmet CPAP, PaO2/FiO2 ratio doubled from about 100 to 200 mmHg (P<0.001); respiratory rate decreased from 28 [22-32] to 24 [20-29] breaths per minute, P<0.001). CPAP failure was independently associated with CRP, time to oxygen mask failure, age, PaO2/FiO2 during CPAP, number of comorbidities. Helmet CPAP was maintained for 6 [3-9] days, almost continuously during the first two days. None of the full treatment patients died before intubation in the wardsConclusions: Helmet CPAP treatment is feasible for several days outside the ICU, despite persisting hypoxia. It is effective, avoiding intubation in the majority of full treatment patients when standard oxygen therapy fails. DNI patients could benefit from helmet CPAP as rescue therapy to improve survival.Trial Registration: NCT04424992
Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcomes After Polytrauma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ritschel Michaela , Kuske Silke , Gnass Irmela , Andrich Silke , Moschinski Kai , Borgmann Sandra Olivia , Herrmann-Frank Annegret , Metzendorf Maria-Inti , Wittgens Charlotte , Flohé Sascha , Sturm Johannes , Windolf Joachim , Icks Andrea 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Tools assessing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after polytrauma have not been systematically reviewed so far. Therefore, we sought to: (1) collect instruments that assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL), activities of daily living (ADL), and social participation during follow-up after polytrauma, (2) describe their use (e.g. frequency of application during follow-up), and (3) investigate other relevant PROs assessed in the included studies (e.g. pain, depression, anxiety).Methods: The search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, the trials registers ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP. All original empirical research published between January 2005 and April 2018 was included. Data extraction, narrative content analysis, and a critical appraisal were performed.Results: The search yielded 3496 hits and 54 publications were included in the review. Predominantly, HRQoL was assessed (in 48 of 54 publications), with Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) applied most frequently. ADL and (social) participation were rarely assessed. The follow-up period lasted between 8 days and 17.5 years; assessments were performed between one and five times. Most used were a single assessment of PROs, a follow-up period of 1 to 1.5 years, and a postal survey. Other relevant PRO areas reported were function, mental disorders, and pain.Conclusions: There is a large variation in the assessment of PROs after polytrauma, impairing comparability of outcomes. First efforts to standardise the collection of PROs have been initiated, but further harmonisation between central players, such as trauma registers, is required. Definition and continuous collection of core outcome sets would improve comparability of study results, creating the basis for more targeted treatment. Additional knowledge on rarely reported PRO areas like (social) participation and social network may lead to their consideration in health services provision.Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42017060825)
Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 Patients Supported With ECMO&nbsp;in Wenzhou, China: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cai Jiejie , Lu Yingru , Wang Xiaorong , Ye Yincai , Qian Songzan , Pan Jingye 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe function of Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is to maintain cardiopulmonary function in critical patients diagnosed with Coronavirus (COVID-19). Under the protection of ECMO, we recorded and analyzed the results of ventilator treatment following the adjustment of ventilator settings.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled six patients who received ECMO treatment. Clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics, time of spontaneous respiration, and static lung compliance (CLst) were all recorded. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and oxygen concentration (FIO2) were adjusted to record changes in oxygen saturation (SpO2), tidal volume (TV), peak airway pressure, and blood gas analysis. ResultsDuring analysis, one patient died of COVID-19 within 28 days, and two patients were successfully weaned off mechanical ventilation and ECMO. Patients with an improved condition have a longer time of spontaneous respiration and better CLst than those who worsen. With an instantaneous increase in FIO2 alone or a combination of PEEP / FIO2, SpO2 and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) both increased, but no significant change was observed in PaCO2, PaO2/FIO2 and TV. With an instantaneous increase of PEEP alone, SpO2 , PaO2, PaCO2, PaO2/FIO2 and TV showed no significant change. ConclusionsECMO can save some patients’ lives, but some patients will still suffer multiple organ failure and even death. The time of spontaneous respiration, CLst and TV may be a good choice for evaluating patients' lung situations. Increased PEEP may not significantly reduce lung exudation in COVID-19 patients supported by ECMO but further expand the over-expanded alveoli.
Urban Living Environment and Mental Health of Older People: A Photovoice Study
Authors: Mysyuk Yuliya , Widdershoven Guy , Huisman Martijn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Living environment has long been considered an important determinant of health. The aim of this study was to explore older people’s experiences with their living environment, their definition of, and their view on its possible impact on mental health and well-being.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in Amsterdam among 20 participants, 11 males and 9 females aged 55 to 70 years. We used photovoice as a visual tool to explore older persons’ unique experiences with, and perceptions of their living environment.ResultsOur findings show that social environment plays an important role in defining and shaping the living environment of older people. Older people’s living environment is a place where they feel safe and comfortable, have social contact with others, and stay active and involved.ConclusionPhotovoice was an effective method for documenting visual representation of salient aspects of older people’s living environment and capturing their experiences.