bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Adjuvant Chemotherapy Necessary for Patients with Deficient Mismatch Repair Gastric Cancer?—Autophagy Inhibition Matches the Mismatched
Authors: Tsai Chun-Yi , Lin Tien-An , Huang Shih-Chiang , Hsu Jun-Te , Yeh Chun-Nan , Chen Tse-Ching , Chiu Cheng-Tang , Chen Jen-Shi , Yeh Ta-Sen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The use of microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR) as predictive biomarkers for fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer has been a paradigm shift. However, whether this applies to gastric cancer is questionable. Furthermore, we herein investigated whether and how autophagy plays a role in MSI-relevant chemoresistance.

Materials and Methods
A total of 929 patients with deficient MMR (dMMR) and proficient MMR (pMMR) gastric cancers who underwent curative-intent gastrectomy were enrolled. We compared clinicopathological variables and survival among dMMR and pMMR cohorts and tested the responses of MSI-high and microsatellite stable (MSS) gastric cancer cell lines to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with or without chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor.

Results
We identified an 8.9% prevalence of dMMR cases (83 out of 929) in our cohort. This was associated with old age, tumor site at the distal stomach, an intestinal phenotype, fewer nodal metastasis, and early pathological stages. MMR was an independent prognostic factor after multivariate adjustment. Overall survival (OS) of dMMR patients was better than that of the pMMR patients but was only applicable to stage III patients. There was no difference in OS between dMMR patients treated with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, although the latter showed more medical morbidities. The MSI-high gastric cancer cell lines, versus the MSS counterparts, displayed increased resistance to 5-FU and increased autophagy. Interestingly, autophagy inhibition abrogated the chemoresistance.

Conclusion
Our data show that fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy does not work for dMMR cases, if not worse. Autophagy inhibition and/or immune checkpoint inhibition might be promising alternative strategies for gastric cancer treatment.

Implications for Practice
The use of microsatellite instability (MSI) and mismatch repair (MMR) as predictive biomarkers for adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer has caused a paradigm shift in cancer therapy, although its implications in gastric cancer are still questionable. The data obtained in the current study indicate that MSI-MMR is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Standard fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy did not work for deficient MMR cases, and was likely worse. Instead, strategies like autophagy inhibition and/or immune checkpoint inhibition should be taken into consideration in the future.
Presunción de inmuebles baldíos carentes de antecedentes registrales y de titulares de derechos reales
Authors: Gonzalez Flórez Flor Margoth 
Published: February 2020

The theories of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of Justice are explained to determine the legal nature of real estate that does not have a record or real rights, in respect of which the declaration of belonging is requested. The work concludes that the legal regime of vacant property in Colombia, with Law 160 of 1994, corresponds to the model of “adjudication title”, and consequently, contrary to what is established in Law 200 of 1936, the presumption was stipulated of domain of the State. Therefore, when the property does not have a record, the judge is obliged to link and request the National Land Agency to carry out the process of clarification of the property.
Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of endogenous and exogenous cervical cancer with its clinical significance
Authors: Choudhry Fariha , Muhammad Tahir , You Xuewu , Liu Lu , Abdulaziz Asrar M. A. , Sun Yu , Cui Baoxia , Han Sai , Zhang Youzhong 
Published: February 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in women of less developed countries due to poor screening and decreased diagnostic approaches. We aimed to investigate and differentiate the distinct clinicopathological characteristics and prevalence of endogenous and exogenous cervical in hospitalized patients<span lang="EN-US">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>A study was performed contained 663 patients that were enrolled and underwent for screening of endogenous and exogenous cervical cancer in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, from January 2010 to March 2015. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>Our results indicated that combined examination of thin-prep liquid-based cytology test and human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA are effective for diagnosis of endogenous and exogenous cervical cancer. The clinicopathological characteristics based on tumor growth pattern, and high risk HPV-DNA incidence had no significant difference (p&gt;0.05) in endogenous and exogenous cervical cancer patients. The higher ratio of lymph node metastasis in endogenous cervical cancer and exogenous cervical cancer during IB1-stage (24.3% vs 12.9%), and in IIA2-stage (36.4% vs 25%) was observed respectively. In addition, our data provide compelling evidence that the level of deep interstitial infiltration, and lymphatic vascular infiltration in endogenous cervical cancer was collectively higher (82.7% and 33%) compared to exogenous cervical cancer (62.4% and 18.3%) respectively during all stages<span lang="EN-US">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>The higher percentage of lymph node metastasis,<strong> </strong>deep interstitial infiltration, and lymphatic vascular infiltration was observed in endogenous cervical cancer which might be the biomarker and differential key points for the diagnosis of endogenous cervical cancer. Taken together, our study provides clinicopathological features to diagnose, and differentiate the endogenous and exogenous type cervical cancer with its prevalence.</p>
La permanencia en el cambio. El poncho como bandera de libertad
Authors: González Eliçabe Ximena 
Published: February 2020

El poncho ha sido desde tiempos remotos un elemento presente, un objeto imprescindible en la vida cotidiana del hombre americano. A través de los siglos y con distintos aportes culturales se ha convertido en símbolo de nuestra identidad.
Participó de la historia de las Naciones de América del Sur, tanto desde las Misiones Jesuíticas donde se producían para comercializarse, como en tolderías y fortines, donde brindaban protección y abrigo.
El poncho fue protagonista de una floreciente industria textil en la Argentina a comienzos del siglo XIX. Al estudiar la producción de materias primas y manufactura de estos textiles, así como las rutas comerciales desde los centros productivos hacia las metrópolis, se comprenden aspectos sociales y económicos de épocas que consolidaron la construcción de la República, acrecentando la identidad nacional.
Actualmente aparece en las más importantes pasarelas internacionales y la moda en la calle también da testimonio de su aceptación como tendencia. Jóvenes diseñadores argentinos se proyectan en el mundo del diseño global, orgullosos de su identidad, incorporando ponchos en sus colecciones, con materias primas y tejidos novedosos, buscando nuevos usos posibles para esta tipología que no reconoce rubros ni protocolos.
Enfoque basado en optimización heurística y estimación de homografía para el estudio de interfaces adaptativas
Authors: Chacón-Fallas Rafael Ángel 
Published: February 2020

Como parte del estudio de los efectos de los sistemas con interfaces adaptativas en el desempeño de los usuarios, se propone el desarrollo de un sistema que permita determinar las alteraciones en la concentración y la atención, a la vez que se plantean soluciones a limitaciones técnicas presentadas en implementaciones anteriores del proyecto.
Concretamente, se propone la utilización de un algoritmo de optimización por enjambre de partículas en lugar de un algoritmo genético, así como la incorporación de un modelo de sustitución que permita aproximar la respuesta del usuario, logrando con ello disminuir la necesidad de evaluar directamente cada configuración de la interfaz y permitir así el uso del paralelismo en etapas futuras.
Para la detectar la concentración del usuario, se propone un uso novedoso a la técnica de estimación de homografía, para la detección del rostro y la orientación de la cabeza. Esto debido a la robustez de sus resultados preliminares en comparación a otras técnicas evaluadas, y a la necesidad de una solución de bajo costo, que evite el uso de equipo especializado para el rastreo de la mirada.
Se presentan los resultados de las diferentes pruebas realizadas al sistema y se plantean una serie de modificaciones o sugerencias para iteraciones futuras del proyecto.
Análise crítica da gestão do saneamento no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Turini Larissa Rodrigues , Lima Eliana Beatriz Nunes Rondon , Moraes Gabriel Figueiredo de 
Published: February 2020

Este estudo mostra uma ampla análise do impacto causado por modelos de gestão do saneamento no Estado de Mato Grosso a partir da mudança do modelo centralizado para descentralizado onde, cada município passou a gerir os seus próprios sistemas de abastecimento de água. Os impactos da mudança foram analisados considerando as dimensões: gerencial, técnico-operacional, social, ambiental a partir da definição de indicadores para avaliar a evolução do setor após 20 anos de vigência desse do novo modelo. A análise teve como base os dados do Projeto denominado – Plano de Saneamento de 106 municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso (PMSB- MT) que envolveu a participação de três entes federados do País (União, Estado e Município) para elaborar dos planos municipais de saneamento de 106 municípios com população inferior ou igual a 50.000 habitantes, considerando as perspectivas de governança e sustentabilidade previstas na Lei nº 11.445/2007. A metodologia compreendeu uma abordagem quantitativa, que resultaram em um diagnóstico técnico das infraestruturas existentes e das condições operacionais e da capacidade gerencial dos municípios na prestação dos serviços. Os resultados são discutidos em relação aos indicadores para avaliar aos índices atendimento na cobertura dos serviços, tipo de captação, índice de hidrometração, perdas e inadimplência. O modelo descentralizado não obteve êxito dos municípios, uma vez que estes não foram capacitados e treinados para a prestação dos serviços gerando inumeros, problemas independentes ao tipo de prestação de serviço.
Posterior Elbow Capsulotomy and Triceps Lengthening for Elbow Extension Contracture in Children with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Authors: James Michelle A. , Millar Kelsey L. , Manske M. Claire , Van Heest Ann E. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Posterior elbow capsulotomy plus triceps lengthening facilitates passive elbow flexion in children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, allowing independent function for activities of daily living, such as feeding and self-care of the face and hair.

Description:
The posterior aspect of the distal end of the humerus and the olecranon are identified by palpation and exposed via a curvilinear incision over the posterior aspect of the elbow. Identifying the osseous landmarks can be challenging in some patients. The ulnar nerve is identified and protected. The triceps tendon is isolated, and z-lengthening is performed. Next, the posterior elbow capsule is incised proximal to the tip of the olecranon to expose the joint surface, and the arthrotomy is continued incrementally along the medial and lateral capsule until elbow flexion increases by ≥40°, or past 90° (maximum, 120°), with contact between the lengthened ends of the triceps tendon for repair. The triceps tendon is then repaired in the elongated position. After the wound is closed, the elbow is placed in flexion and immobilized in a cast.

Alternatives:
Alternative treatments include passive stretching exercises to increase elbow flexion.

Rationale:
Elbow extension contractures result in substantial limitations in the activities of daily living for children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Those who fail to attain at least 90° of elbow flexion with passive stretching in the first year of life benefit from posterior elbow release and triceps lengthening. In addition, children with <30° of passive elbow flexion are at risk of developing valgus instability of the elbow from passive flexion exercises because the axis of rotation of the elbow is difficult to detect. Once passive elbow flexion is attained, such children may be candidates for tendon transfers allowing active elbow flexion.
One-step RT-qPCR assay for ZIKV RNA detection in Aedes aegypti samples: A protocol to study infection &amp; gene expression during ZIKV infection
Authors: Araujo Ricardo Vieira , Feitosa-Suntheimer Fabiana , Gold Alexander S. , Londono-Renteria Berlin , Colpitts Tonya Michelle 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted to humans during the bite of an infected mosquito. In a scenario of globalization and climate change, the frequency of outbreaks has and will increase in areas with competent vectors, revealing a need for continuous improvement of ZIKV detection tools in vector populations. A simple, rapid and sensitive assay for viral detection is qRT-PCR, yet oligos optimized for ZIKV detection in mammalian cells and samples have repeatedly shown high background when used on mosquito RNA. In this work we present a one-step qRT-PCR protocol that allows for the detection of ZIKV in mosquitoes and for the evaluation of gene expression from the same mosquito sample and RNA. This assay is a less expensive qRT-PCR approach than that most frequently used in the literature and has a much lower background, allowing for confident detection. Methods: Our new oligo design to detect ZIKV RNA included in silico analysis of both viral and mosquito ( Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus )genomes, targeting sequences conserved between Asian and African ZIKV lineages, but not matching Aedes genomes. This assay will allow researchers to avoid nonspecific amplification in insect samples due to viral integration into the mosquito genome, a phenomenon known to happen in wild and colonized populations of mosquitoes. Standard curves constructed with in vitro transcribed ZIKV RNA were used to optimize the sensitivity, efficiency and reproducibility of the assay. Results: Finally, the assay was used with success to detect both ZIKV RNA in infected mosquitoes and to detect expression of the Defensin A gene, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) involved in Aedes aegypti immune response to virus infection. Conclusions: The experimental approach to detect ZIKV RNA in Aedes aegypti presented here has demonstrated to be specific, sensitive and reliable, and additionally it allows for the analysis of mosquito gene expression during ZIKV infection.
Quantitative hormone receptor (HR) expression and gene expression analysis in HR+ inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) vs non-IBC
Authors: Iwase Toshiaki , Harano Kenichi , Masuda Hiroko , Kida Kumiko , Hess Kenneth R. , Wang Ying , Dirix Luc , Laere Steven J. Van , Lucci Anthony , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Woodward Wendy A. , Layman Rachel M. , Bertucci François , Ueno Naoto T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic role of hormone receptor (HR) on inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) to elucidate its aggressive biological behavior.Methods: We evaluated the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) by immunohistochemical staining and determined the predictive and prognostic role of HR expression on 189 patients with HR+/HER2– IBC and 677 patients with HR+/HER2– stage III non-IBC. Furthermore, we performed gene expression (GE) analyses for 137 patients with HR+/HER2– IBC and 252 patients with corresponding non-IBC to detect genes that are specifically overexpressed in IBC.Results: The expression of ER% was significantly associated with longer distant disease-free survival and overall survival. However, there was no significant relationship between ER% and NAC outcome. In the GE study, 84 genes were identified as significantly distinguishing HR+ IBC from non-IBC. Among the top 15 canonical pathways expressed in IBC, the ERK/MAPK, PDGF, insulin receptor, and IL-7 signaling pathways were associated with the ER signaling pathway. Upregulation of the MYC gene was observed in three of these four pathways. Furthermore, HR+/HER2– IBC had significantly higher MYC amplification, and the genetic alteration was associated with poor survival outcome.Conclusions: Increased HR positivity was significantly associated with improved survival in both HR+/HER2– IBC and HR+/HER2– stage III non-IBC patients. HR+/HER2– IBC had several activated pathways with MYC upregulation, and the genetic alteration was associated with poor survival outcome. The results indicate that MYC may be a key gene for understanding the biology of HR+/HER2– IBC.
Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D exacerbates inflammatory hyperalgesia by promoting NF-κB activation in dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Lan Lei , Xu Miao , Li Jia , Liu Lin , Xu Min , Zhou Chenxing , Shen Lei , Tang Zongxiang , Wan Fengyi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Mas-related G protein–coupled receptor D (MrgprD) is mainly expressed in small-diameter sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Results from previous studies suggest that MrgprD participates in mechanical allodynia and nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. However, it remains elusive whether and how MrgprD is involved in inflammatory pain. Methods we used a mouse model of inflammatory hyperalgesia established by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The generation of neuroinflammation and inflammatory hyperalgesia were determined using animal behavioral tests, Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA assay. The expression levels of MrgprD were assessed by Western blotting. The involvements of MrgprD in the LPS-triggered neuroinflammation and inflammation-related signaling pathways were assessed by animal behavioral tests, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Results The LPS injection induced an evident peripheral neuroinflammation and mechanical allodynia in the mice and increased MrgprD expression in the DRG. The LPS administration also augmented the proportion of MrgprD-expressing neurons in the lumbar 4 DRG. The LPS-induced hypersensitivities to mechanical and cold stimuli, but not to a heat stimulus, were substantially attenuated in Mrgprd- knockout mice compared with wildtype littermates. Mrgprd deletion suppressed the LPS-triggered activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of MrgprD in HEK293 cells stably expressing mouse toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) markedly promoted the LPS-induced NF-κB activation and enhanced NF-κB’s DNA-binding activity. Furthermore, MrgprD physically interacted with TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and I-kappa-B-kinase (IKK) complexes in DRGs and macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, and MrgprD agonist treatment was sufficient to elicit the activation of NF-κB signaling, but not of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that MrgprD exacerbates LPS-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia by promoting canonical NF-κB activation, indicating that MrgprD could be a potential therapeutic target for managing NF-κB-mediated inflammation and inflammatory pain.
Construction of Sandwich-like Structured GO/Cu2O/GO Electrochemical Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of H2O2 Releasing from Living Cells
Authors: Yin Donghang , Tang Junyan , Mo Ruixue , Wang Fei , Jia Xiuzhi , Li Caolong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A well-designed sandwich-like structure based on Cu2O nanocubes sandwiched between graphene oxide (GO) buffer layer was fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrate via drop-casting method. The sandwich-like morphologies, GO/Cu2O/GO/ITO structures, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Electrochemical studies demonstrated the fact that GO/Cu2O/GO/ITO electrode revealed the superior electro-catalytic activity and electrical conductivity as a result of the introduction of graphene oxide and formation of sandwich-like structures, which effectively improved the electrical performances of Cu2O-based sandwich structure in H2O2 detection. The proposed sandwich-like GO/Cu2O/GO/ITO sensor was experimentally optimized and displayed a widespread linear response in the range from 0.25 μM to 20 mM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 μM (S/N=3) in H2O2 sensing. Besides achieving acceptable selectivity, excellent reproducibility, and long-term stability of sandwich-like lamellar structures, GO/Cu2O/GO/ITO sensor exhibited high performance in detecting H2O2 released from A549 cells. Therefore, the novel sandwich-like GO/Cu2O/GO/ITO sensor provides an economical, potent and high-throughput platform for detecting various species involving H2O2-generation reactions for biomedical applications.
The prediction of surgical intervention in patients with tubo-ovarian abscess
Authors: Hwang Jong Ha , Kim Bo Wook 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The prediction of antibiotic treatment failure is helpful to identify patients with a high likelihood of needing surgical treatment early in patients diagnosed with tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with TOA) who responded to medical treatment and those who underwent surgical intervention due to medical treatment failure. Material and Methods: Electronic medical records were evaluated retrospectively to identify patients who were diagnosed with TOA and hospitalized in our obstetrics and gynecology department between March 2014 and June 2019. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data including white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between the medical treatment group and the surgical intervention group. Logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of treatment failure. Results: Patient age, TOA diameter, WBC count, CRP, and ESR were significantly different between the groups. On multiple regression analysis, significant correlations were identified between age ( p = 0.001), ESR ( p = 0.045), and failure of medical treatment. TOA diameter ( p = 0.065) showed a borderline association with surgical intervention. The risk group was defined as the combination of factors producing a risk score > 2. The area under the curve (AUC) for the risk group (age >34.3 years, ESR > 45 mm/h, and TOA size > 5.9 cm) was 0.844. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV were 93.8%, 75%, 83.3%, 75%, and 93.8%, respectively. Conclusions: The risk of needing surgical intervention in TOA patients can be predicted using ESR in addition to age and TOA size as risk factors.