bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants on primary molars: A 2‐yr split‐mouth randomized clinical trial
Authors: Chabadel Olivier , Véronneau Jacques , Montal Sylvie , Tramini Paul , Moulis Estelle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sealants in preventing pit and fissure caries in primary molars. The secondary objective was to assess the sealant retention during a 2‐yr study period. A 2‐yr split‐mouth randomized clinical trial including 90 3–7‐yr‐old children was conducted in the paediatric dental department of Montpellier hospital. The dentition of each included patient was divided into an experimental side and a control side, with annual follow‐up visits. Caries increments, measured as the number of new occlusal cavitated lesions, were not different between the sealed (mean 0.23) and the control primary molars (mean 0.29). A multiple mixed‐effects logistic regression showed that male gender, moderate/high caries risk, and a higher oral hygiene index score, had a statistically significant effect resulting in higher caries increments in the primary molars, than did female gender, low caries risk, and lower oral hygiene index scores. Sealing showed no statistically significant influence on the development of new caries lesions. After 2 yr, the percentages of partially or totally lost sealants were 22.7% and 32.0%, respectively. In this sample of children, the caries increment was not significantly different between the sealed and the unsealed molars. At the end of this 2‐yr study, more than half of the sealants were totally or partially lost, which could explain the low sealant effectiveness.
Identifying seizure risk factors: A comparison of sleep, weather, and temporal features using a Bayesian forecast
Authors: Payne Daniel E. , Dell Katrina L. , Karoly Phillipa J. , Kremen Vaclav , Gerla Vaclav , Kuhlmann Levin , Worrell Gregory A. , Cook Mark J. , Grayden David B. , Freestone Dean R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveMost seizure forecasting algorithms have relied on features specific to electroencephalographic recordings. Environmental and physiological factors, such as weather and sleep, have long been suspected to affect brain activity and seizure occurrence but have not been fully explored as prior information for seizure forecasts in a patient‐specific analysis. The study aimed to quantify whether sleep, weather, and temporal factors (time of day, day of week, and lunar phase) can provide predictive prior probabilities that may be used to improve seizure forecasts.MethodsThis study performed post hoc analysis on data from eight patients with a total of 12.2 years of continuous intracranial electroencephalographic recordings (average = 1.5 years, range = 1.0–2.1 years), originally collected in a prospective trial. Patients also had sleep scoring and location‐specific weather data. Histograms of future seizure likelihood were generated for each feature. The predictive utility of individual features was measured using a Bayesian approach to combine different features into an overall forecast of seizure likelihood. Performance of different feature combinations was compared using the area under the receiver operating curve. Performance evaluation was pseudoprospective.ResultsFor the eight patients studied, seizures could be predicted above chance accuracy using sleep (five patients), weather (two patients), and temporal features (six patients). Forecasts using combined features performed significantly better than chance in six patients. For four of these patients, combined forecasts outperformed any individual feature.SignificanceEnvironmental and physiological data, including sleep, weather, and temporal features, provide significant predictive information on upcoming seizures. Although forecasts did not perform as well as algorithms that use invasive intracranial electroencephalography, the results were significantly above chance. Complementary signal features derived from an individual's historic seizure records may provide useful prior information to augment traditional seizure detection or forecasting algorithms. Importantly, many predictive features used in this study can be measured noninvasively.
Interspecific aggression and defence of extra nest sites in two species of songbirds
Authors: Slagsvold Tore , Wiebe Karen L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInterspecific competition is expected when two species share resource needs. For example, secondary cavity‐nesting birds may compete vigorously for suitable nest sites both within and among species. However, little is known of whether monogamous species defend more than one nest site on their territory after breeding has begun, and in particular whether they are aggressive against other species. Defending extra nest sites may be adaptive because they may be used for renesting after a failure or to produce a second brood. We studied interactions between a monogamous, resident bird, the great tit Parus major and a migrant, the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, providing nest boxes in woodlands in Norway. Agonistic behaviours may be subtle and easily overlooked so we experimentally placed caged male pied flycatchers near nests of great tits and at a dyad of empty nest boxes erected in the territory 25 m away. We filmed interactions between species at 21 sites in the egg‐laying period of the tit, and at 26 nest sites during incubation. Male great tits showed aggression towards the caged flycatcher both at their own nest box and at the nest boxes erected at a distance. We manipulated the external appearance of the nest boxes with painted designs around the entrances but the intensity of aggression at the empty nest boxes did not depend on whether those boxes matched the nest box with the tit nest and was not correlated with tit clutch size. Neither was the intensity of display activity at each nest box by the flycatchers that settled associated with these variables. The results are discussed in relation to hypotheses for nest site choice involving interspecific social learning and aggression.
Histologic progression of acne inversa/hidradenitis suppurativa: Implications for future investigations and therapeutic intervention
Authors: Dunstan Robert W. , Salte Katherine M. , Todorović Viktor , Lowe Margaret , Wetter Joseph B. , Harms Paul W. , Burney Richard E. , Scott Victoria E. , Smith Kathleen M. , Rosenblum Michael D. , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Honore Prisca 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince first recognized in 1839, the pathogenesis of acne inversa (AI) has undergone repeated revisions. Although there is agreement that AI involves occlusion of hair follicles with subsequent inflammation and the formation of tracts, the histologic progression of this disease still requires refinement. The objective of this study was to examine the histologic progression of AI based on the examination of a large cohort of punch biopsies and excisional samples that were examined first by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The most informative of these samples were step‐sectioned and stained by immunohistochemistry for epithelial and inflammatory markers. Based on this examination, the following observations were made: 1) AI arises from the epithelium of the infundibulum of terminal and vellus hairs; 2) These form cysts and epithelial tendrils that extend into soft tissue; 3) Immunohistochemical staining demonstrates the epithelium of AI is disordered with infundibular and isthmic differentiation and de novo expression of stem cell markers; 4) The inflammatory response in AI is heterogeneous and largely due to cyst rupture. The conclusions of this investigation were that AI is an epithelial‐driven disease caused by infiltrative, cyst forming tendrils and most of the inflammation is due to cyst rupture and release of cornified debris and bacteria. Cyst rupture often occurs below the depths of punch biopsy samples indicating their use for analysis may give an incomplete picture of the disease. Finally, our data suggest that unless therapies inhibit tendril development, it is unlikely they will cause prolonged treatment‐induced remission in AI.
Regulation of bacterial ATP synthase activity: A gear‐shifting or a pawl–ratchet mechanism?
Authors: Miranda‐Astudillo Héctor , Zarco‐Zavala Mariel , García‐Trejo José J. , González‐Halphen Diego 
Published: December 2020

The F1Fo‐ATP synthase, a widely distributed nanomotor responsible of ATP synthesis, rotates its central rotor reversibly: In the clockwise direction when viewed from the Fo (with the observer facing the positive side of the energy transducing membrane and looking down into the negative side of the membrane), it functions as ATP synthase, while in counterclockwise sense, it operates as a proton‐pumping ATP hydrolase. Regulation exerted by naturally occurring inhibitory proteins of the enzyme appears to function by avoiding ATP hydrolysis while preserving ATP synthesis. The work of Liu et al. describes an unbiased, elegant analytical pipeline that provides important insights into the inhibitory role of the ε‐subunit of the bacterial F1Fo‐ATP synthase in vivo. We discuss if a gear‐shifting versus a pawl–ratchet mechanism may explain the regulatory role of the ε‐subunit.
Can producers and consumers of color decolonize foodie culture?: An exploration through food media in settler colonies
Authors: Khorana Sukhmani 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the “Home Cooking” episode of Netflix series Ugly Delicious, and the “Toronto Truths with Foodies of Colour” episode of award‐winning Racist Sandwich podcast to uncover their mediation of a foodie and cosmopolitan person of color identity. By paying close attention to biographical details and the foregrounding of certain aspects of foodie and racialized identities, this paper addresses the question of performativity when it comes to food adventuring by using the mediated lens of the two chosen food shows. Are the hosts (and the semiotics of the programs) potentially challenging the archetype of the adventurous meat‐eating white male, or reinforcing the same by letting certain people into the fold? This analysis is necessary to understand if producers and consumers of color who are vested in exploring different food cultures through their practices do this any differently from dominant cultures.
Credit rating, post‐earnings‐announcement drift, and arbitrage from transient institutions
Authors: He Guanming 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study first establishes a robust link between credit rating and post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD). I find strong evidence that PEAD is more salient for firms with low credit ratings. This finding is consistent with the notion that investors are prone to underreact to earnings news from low credit rating firms that are characterized by high uncertainty of asset fundamentals. The association between credit rating and PEAD is not driven by traditional information uncertainty proxies such as earnings volatility, cash flow volatility, accruals quality, firm age, idiosyncratic volatility, and analyst forecast dispersion. I further investigate whether transient institutions exploit the differential of PEAD among different rated firms in their arbitrage trades. The results reveal that transient institutions tend to focus their arbitrage on low credit rating firms. However, the existence and concentration of PEAD in low credit rating firms suggest that transient institutions fail to arbitrage away PEAD among low‐rated firms and that the arbitrage strategy is riskier than expected by the transient institutions. This in turn implies that estimation risk associated with pricing the earnings news of low‐rated firms plays a substantive role in forming the strong PEAD of these firms.
Huaier shows anti‐cancer activities by inhibition of cell growth, migration and energy metabolism in lung cancer through PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α pathway
Authors: Liu Xiangli , Liu Lidan , Chen Keyan , Sun Lei , Li Wenya , Zhang Shuguang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuaier has been verified to have anti‐cancer effects on many tumours. However, little information is available about the effects of Huaier on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We sought to probe the anti‐cancer effects and related mechanisms of Huaier on lung cancer. A549 cells were pre‐treated with 2, 4 and 8 mg/mL Huaier at different time points. Thereafter, cell viability was analysed by CCK‐8 and the migration and invasion were detected by Scratch test and Transwell chamber migration assay. Moreover, ELISA, Western blot, shRNA transfection and RT‐PCR were conducted to discover the related gene and protein expressions of energy metabolism and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT/hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) pathway. Furthermore, tumour xenografts were accomplished to inspect the anti‐cancer effects of Huaier. Our consequences suggested that Huaier considerably repressed cell viability and migration in a dose‐dependent way. In addition, Huaier statistically suppressed glycolysis, glucose transport and lactic acid (LA) accumulation. Besides, we detected that Huaier could inactivate the PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α pathway. The in vivo data confirmed that Huaier obviously decreased tumour volume and tumour growth, reduced the glycolysis, glucose transport and HIF‐1α expression in the tumour‐bearing tissues. Our results suggested Huaier revealed anti‐tumour effects in both in vivo and in vitro possibly through PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α pathway.
Knockout of Akt1/2 suppresses the metastasis of human prostate cancer cells CWR22rv1 in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Su Bing , Zhang Lijuan , Zhuang Wenfang , Zhang Wei , Chen Xiaofan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough primary androgen deprivation therapy resulted in tumour regression, unfortunately, majority of prostate cancer progress to a lethal castration‐resistant prostate cancer, finally die to metastasis. The mutual feedback between AKT and AR pathways plays a vital role in the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer. Therefore, the treatment of a single factor will eventually inevitably lead to failure. Therefore, better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis is critical to the development of new and more effective therapeutic agents. In this study, we created prostate cancer CWR22rv1 cells with the double knockout of Akt1 and Akt2 genes through CRISPR/Cas9 method to investigate the effect of Akt in metastasis of prostate cancer. It was found that knockout of Akt1/2 resulted in markedly reduced metastasis in vitro and in vivo, and appeared to interfere AR nuclear translocation through regulating downstream regulatory factor, FOXO proteins. It suggests that some downstream regulatory factors in the AKT and AR interaction network play a vital role in prostate cancer metastasis and are potential targeting molecules for prostate cancer metastasis treatment.
Prevalence and risk/protective indicators of buccal soft tissue dehiscence around dental implants
Authors: Romandini Mario , Pedrinaci Ignacio , Lima Cristina , Soldini Maria Costanza , Araoz Ana , Sanz Mariano 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the prevalence of buccal peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence (PISTD) in anterior implants and to identify the risk/protective indicators of PISTD in implants not suffering peri‐implantitis.Materials and methods240 randomly selected patients from a university clinic database were invited to participate in the present cross‐sectional study. Those who accepted, after the evaluation of their medical and dental records, were clinically examined to assess the prevalence of buccal PISTD in non‐molar implants. Multilevel multivariate logistic regression analyses were then carried out to identify those factors associated either positively (risk) or negatively (protective) with buccal PISTD in implants without peri‐implantitis.Results92 patients with a total of 272 dental implants were analysed. At implant‐level, the prevalence of buccal PISTD was 16.9%, while when selecting only implants without peri‐implantitis it was 12.0%. Buccal PISTD was present in 26.7% of the implants diagnosed with peri‐implantitis. The following factors were identified as risk/protective indicators of buccal PISTD in implants without peri‐implantitis: malposition (too buccal vs. correct: OR=14.67), thin peri‐implant phenotype (OR=8.31), presence of at least one adjacent tooth (OR=0.08) and presence of abutment (OR=0.12).ConclusionsPISTD are highly prevalent among patients with dental implants in this university‐based population, and several factors were identified as risk and protective indicators of PISTD in implants not suffering peri‐implantitis.
Newly graduated registered nurses' evaluation of their preparedness, confidence and attitudes towards clinical assessments
Authors: Taylor Peta , Hudson Dianne , Thomson Patricia , Greenlees‐Rae Joanne 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundHistorically, it has been reported that new graduates make limited use of their clinical assessment skills, yet these form the basis for making nursing decisions and selecting all nursing interventions.Aims and objectivesTo explore new graduates' preparedness for, and confidence with, clinical assessment and their reliance on electronic monitoring. To identify barriers that hinder, and strategies that enable, clinical assessment.DesignA mixed‐method study comprising a cross‐sectional, quantitative survey and qualitative data, gathered using the World Café method.MethodsData were collected from volunteers (n = 137) of all new graduates (n = 160) working in adult settings for a New Zealand district health board over a 1‐year period. A paper‐based survey explored use of clinical assessment, using a five‐point Likert scale. Qualitative data comprised written records of group discussions and individual responses to four questions with thematic analysis of results. A STROBE checklist was used.ResultsMost (n = 128) new graduates agreed/strongly agreed that clinical assessment was part of their role. Most (n = 119) agreed/strongly agreed that assessing patients by technology alone was inadequate. Thirty‐six did not agree/strongly agree that they were well‐prepared to perform clinical assessment. Forty‐one did not agree/strongly agree that they were confident to perform clinical assessment, particularly those aged ≥30 years. Factors limiting use of clinical assessment were lack of time, knowledge, skill, confidence, reliance on doctors and an unsupportive work environment. Factors that would enhance clinical assessment involved increased supervision by experienced staff, provision of short courses and more in‐service education on clinical assessment.ConclusionsNew graduates acknowledged that clinical assessment was part of their role and involved more than electronic monitoring. However, many lacked confidence and preparedness for clinical assessment in their work area, particularly those aged ≥30 years, potentially limiting clinical assessment use. Supportive changes, including short courses to revise clinical assessment skills and supervision of workplace‐specific clinical assessments, could help new graduates more confidently and efficiently assimilate clinical assessment into their practice.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis research identified reasons that caused a cohort of new graduates to make limited use of their clinical assessment skills. It also reports the practical solutions they considered would help them increase their use of clinical assessment and thus support their decision‐making in nursing practice.
Persons with dementia as internet users: what are their needs? A qualitative study
Authors: Schnelli Angela , Hirt Julian , Zeller Adelheid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the needs and expectations of persons with dementia regarding dementia‐related information on the internet concerning content, presentation, navigation, language and design.BackgroundResearch on internet‐related needs of persons with dementia is lacking. However, the importance of the internet as a source of health information is increasing. To improve health literacy and to ensure participation in therapy decisions, target group‐specific health information is necessary, especially for persons with chronic conditions like dementia.DesignWe conducted a qualitative interview study between April 2019 and April 2020 in the German‐speaking part of Switzerland. To report the study, we used the COREQ checklist.MethodsWe analysed the interview data using content analysis according to Mayring.ResultsFour interviews with five persons with dementia took place. We identified two main themes: (1) ‘use of media and changing needs’ and (2) ‘information about dementia on the internet’. The first theme is related to changing user habits due to progressing dementia. The second theme is focussed on requirements concerning design and content. Critical reception and assessment of internet‐based information are also addressed.ConclusionsInformation should be adapted to the course of disease. Opportunities and positive aspects should also be mentioned. The presentation should be well‐structured. Health professionals might support persons with dementia in searching and interpreting internet‐based information.Relevance to clinical practiceWebsite operators should consider specific needs of persons with dementia regarding design and content. Involving persons with dementia in the development of website content and design could be an opportunity for better meeting their needs.
When a knockout is an Achilles’ heel: Resistance to one potyvirus species triggers hypersusceptibility to another one in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zafirov Delyan , Giovinazzo Nathalie , Bastet Anna , Gallois Jean‐Luc 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe translation initiation factors 4E are a small family of major susceptibility factors to potyviruses. It has been suggested that knocking out these genes could provide genetic resistance in crops when natural resistance alleles, which encode functional eIF4E proteins, are not available. Here, using the well‐characterized Arabidopsis thaliana–potyvirus pathosystem, we evaluate the resistance spectrum of plants knocked out for eIF4E1, the susceptibility factor to clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV). We show that besides resistance to ClYVV, the eIF4E1 loss of function is associated with hypersusceptibility to turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a potyvirus known to rely on the paralog host factor eIFiso4E. On TuMV infection, plants knocked out for eIF4E1 display striking developmental defects such as early senescence and primordia development stoppage. This phenotype is coupled with a strong TuMV overaccumulation throughout the plant, while remarkably the levels of the viral target eIFiso4E remain uninfluenced. Our data suggest that this hypersusceptibility cannot be explained by virus evolution leading to a gain of TuMV aggressiveness. Furthermore, we report that a functional eIF4E1 resistance allele engineered by CRISPR/Cas9 base‐editing technology successfully circumvents the increase of TuMV susceptibility conditioned by eIF4E1 disruption. These findings in Arabidopsis add to several previous findings in crops suggesting that resistance based on knocking out eIF4E factors should be avoided in plant breeding, as it could also expose the plant to the severe threat of potyviruses able to recruit alternative eIF4E copies. At the same time, it provides a simple model that can help understanding of the homeostasis among eIF4E proteins in the plant cell and what makes them available to potyviruses.