bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of thermomechanical coupling in carbon fibers woven‐ply reinforced thermoplastic laminates: Tensile behavior under radiant heat flux
Authors: Carpier Yann , Vieille Benoit , Coppalle Alexis , Barbe Fabrice 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present work focuses on the thermomechanical behavior of carbon fibers woven‐ply polyphenylene sulfide (PPS thermoplastic)‐based composite materials subjected to the combined action of a tensile mechanical loading and one‐side heat flux (40‐60 kW/m2) representative of fire exposure. An experimental bench was specifically designed to provide an insight in the coupling between a medium heat flux thermal aggression and a tensile mechanical loading (either in monotonic or creep mode) within quasi‐isotropic C/PPS laminates. When subjected to a monotonic tensile loading, a 50% increase in the heat flux lead to a 50% increase of the temperature at the exposed surface resulting in a 10% decrease in the maximum load borne by the laminates. When subjected to a creep loading at 60 kW/m2 (worst case scenario with the cone calorimeter), by dividing by 2.6 the applied creep stress (from 31% to 12% of the ultimate strength ), it results in a time‐to‐failure multiplied by 2.5. The temperature distribution on the exposed and back surfaces are measured to evaluate the influence of PPS matrix melting, pyrolysis, and fibers oxidation on the stress redistribution within the laminates plies.
Psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian version of the pediatric asthma control and communication instrument
Authors: Santino Thayla Amorim , de França Mendes Alves Raquel Emanuele , Monteiro Karolinne Souza , Okelo Sande O. , Patino Cecília M. , Alchieri João Carlos , Mendonça Karla Morganna P. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of questionnaires capable of evaluating the clinical control of Brazilian children and adolescents with asthma over a wide age range. The Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument (PACCI) has been validated, but only with English‐ and Spanish‐speaking children in the United States.ObjectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the PACCI questionnaire.MethodsA cross‐sectional psychometric study conducted with children and adolescents aged 01 to 19 years with a clinical diagnosis of asthma, and their respective parents/guardians. The following assessments were conducted: socioeconomic status; clinical control using the Childhood Asthma Control Test (c‐ACT), Asthma Control Test (ACT); caregiver quality of life using the Pediatric Asthma Caregivers Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ); and pulmonary function test (spirometry). Validity was evaluated as follows: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis; Cronbach's alpha analysis (α); floor and ceiling effects; receiver operator characteristic curve analysis.ResultsA total of 128 participants were included, most of them male (54.7%). The Brazilian version of PACCI had adequate internal consistency (α = .76) and moderate floor and ceiling effects. The internal structure presented acceptable adjustment indices, considering the extraction of four factors. The factors presented adequate α values. Asthma control factor 1 correlated with c‐ACT/ACT and PACQLQ. Control domain scores greater than four points (sum of score) and above 1 point (problem index) were indicative of uncontrolled asthma.ConclusionThe Brazilian version of PACCI was able to provide valid and reliable measures in evaluating the clinical control of asthma in Brazilian children and adolescents.
Docetaxel suppresses immunotherapy efficacy of natural killer cells toward castration‐resistant prostate cancer cells via altering androgen receptor‐lectin‐like transcript 1 signals
Authors: Tang Min , Gao Shenglin , Zhang Lei , Liu Bianjiang , Li Jie , Wang Zengjun , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDocetaxel is an effective first‐line chemotherapy agent used in the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, most times chemotherapy with docetaxel eventually fails due to the development of docetaxel resistance. Natural killer (NK) cells are the first line of defense against cancer and infections. NK cell function is determined by a delicate balance between signals received via activating and inhibitory receptors. The aim of this study is to explore whether the potential docetaxel‐resistant mechanism is associated with impaired NK cell cytotoxicity toward CRPC cells.MethodsBy performing MTT assay, we explored the role of docetaxel in regulating NK cells' cytotoxicity. Western blot and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to measure messenger RNA and protein levels separately. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were performed to analyze the mechanism.ResultsWe found that docetaxel could suppress the immunotherapy efficacy of NK cells toward CRPC cells via the androgen receptor (AR)‐lectin‐like transcript 1 (LLT1) signals in vitro. Analysis of the mechanism revealed that docetaxel functioned through increasing AR to upregulate LLT1 expression in CRPC cells. AR transcriptionally activated LLT1 expression by binding to its promoter region. Furthermore, targeting AR with ASC‐J9 or blocking LL1 by anti‐human LLT1 monoclonal antibody could reverse the suppressive effect of docetaxel on the immunotherapy efficacy of NK cells toward CRPC cells.ConclusionsWe concluded that chemotherapy agent docetaxel could increase AR that transcriptionally regulated the expression of NK inhibitory ligand LLT1 on CRPC cells. An increase of LL1 may further suppress the immunological efficacy of NK cells to kill CRPC cells. Additionally, targeting AR or blocking LL1 could enhance the immunotherapy efficacy of NK cells toward CRPC cells which might be considered as a new therapeutic option for the prevention or treatment of docetaxel resistance.
RGS2 is prognostic for development of castration resistance and cancer‐specific survival in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Linder Anna , Larsson Karin , Welén Karin , Damber Jan‐Erik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegulator of G‐protein signaling 2 (RGS2) is a multifaceted protein with a prognostic value in hormone‐naïve prostate cancer (PC). It has previously been associated with the development of castration resistance. However, RGS2 expression in clinical specimens of castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and its clinical relevance has not been explored. In the present study, RGS2 was assessed in CRPC and in relation to the development of castration resistance.MethodsIn the present study, RGS2 expression was evaluated with immunohistochemistry in patient materials of hormone‐naïve and castration‐resistant primary tumors, also in matched specimens before and after 3 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to evaluate the clinical significance of RGS2 expression. RGS2 expression in association to castration‐resistant growth was assessed experimentally in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model of CRPC. In vitro, hormone depletion of LNCaP and enzalutamide treatment of LNCaP, 22Rv1, and VCaP was performed to evaluate the association between RGS2 and the androgen receptor (AR). Stable RGS2 knockdown was used to evaluate the impact of RGS2 in association to PC cell growth under hormone‐reduced conditions. Gene and protein expression were evaluated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively.ResultsRGS2 expression is increased in CRPC and enriched under ADT. Furthermore, a high RGS2 level is prognostic for poor cancer‐specific survival for CRPC patients and significantly reduced failure‐free survival (FFS) after an initiated ADT. Additionally, the prognostic value of RGS2 outperforms prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in terms of FFS. The present study furthermore suggests that RGS2 expression is reflective of AR activity. Moreover, low RGS2‐expressing cells display hampered growth under hormone‐reduced conditions, in line with the poor prognosis associated with high RGS2 expression.ConclusionsHigh levels of RGS2 are associated with aggressive forms of castration‐resistant PC. The results demonstrate that a high level of RGS2 is associated with poor prognosis in association with castration‐resistant PC growth. RGS2 alone, or in association with PSA, has the potential to identify patients that require additional treatment at an early stage during ADT.
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors attenuate virus‐induced activation of eosinophils from asthmatics without affecting virus binding
Authors: Sabogal Piñeros Yanaika Shari , Dekker Tamara , Smids Barbara , Majoor Christof J. , Ravanetti Lara , Villetti Gino , Civelli Maurizio , Facchinetti Fabrizio , Lutter René 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcute respiratory virus infections, such as influenza and RSV, are predominant causes of asthma exacerbations. Eosinophils act as a double‐edged sword in exacerbations in that they are activated by viral infections but also can capture and inactivate respiratory viruses. Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) is abundantly expressed by eosinophils and has been implicated in their activation. This exploratory study aims to determine whether these opposing roles of eosinophils activation of eosinophils upon interaction with virus can be modulated by selective PDE4 inhibitors and whether eosinophils from healthy, moderate and severe asthmatic subjects respond differently. Eosinophils were purified by negative selection from blood and subsequently exposed to RSV or influenza. Prior to exposure to virus, eosinophils were treated with vehicle or selective PDE4 inhibitors CHF6001 and GSK256066. After 18 hours of exposure, influenza, but not RSV, increased CD69 and CD63 expression by eosinophils from each group, which were inhibited by PDE4 inhibitors. ECP release, although not stimulated by virus, was also attenuated by PDE4 inhibitors. Eosinophils showed an increased Nox2 activity upon virus exposure, which was less pronounced in eosinophils derived from mild and severe asthmatics and was counteracted by PDE4 inhibitors. PDE4 inhibitors had no effect on binding of virus by eosinophils from each group. Our data indicate that PDE4 inhibitors can attenuate eosinophil activation, without affecting virus binding. By attenuating virus‐induced responses, PDE4 inhibitors may mitigate virus‐induced asthma exacerbations.
Isothermal titration calorimetry as a useful tool to examine adsorption mechanisms of phosphate on gibbsite at various solution conditions
Authors: Hong Zhi‐neng , Yan Jing , Jiang Jun , Li Jiu‐yu , Xu Ren‐kou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite extensive prior work with batch and spectroscopic methods, little information is available about adsorption thermodynamics of phosphate (P) on Al (oxyhydr)oxides. Here we directly quantified for the first time the adsorption heat of P on gibbsite at varying pH (3.0–9.0) and ionic strength (IS, 1–100 mM) with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The obtained thermograms showed a strong effect of pH but a negligible influence of IS on the adsorption thermodynamics. Coupled with results from other methods including batch experiment, in‐situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, the ITC data revealed contrasting mechanisms for P adsorption at pH 9.0 and 3.0. At pH 9.0, P adsorption was probably initiated by a reaction of P with Al(OH)4− (originated from the solubilization of gibbsite) with high equilibrium constant (k) and small exothermic enthalpy change (ΔH), followed by a ligand exchange between P and the > Al–O− (Al hydroxyl groups on gibbsite surface) with low k and relatively large exothermic ΔH. In contrast, P adsorption at pH 3.0 likely underwent a fast ligand exchange between P and the > Al‐OH2+ on gibbsite surface with high k and exothermic ΔH and then a slow surface precipitation of P with Al3+ due to gibbsite solubilization with low k and endothermic ΔH. This study provides complementary information to the prior knowledge on P adsorption on (hydr)oxides and demonstrates how to use ITC in combination with other methods for mechanistic examination of ions adsorption on the surfaces of soils and sediments.
Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL37 Inhibits T Cell-dependent Immune Response in Mice
Authors: Nowak Bernadeta , Śróttek Małgorzata , Ciszek-Lenda Marta , Skałkowska Anna , Gamian Andrzej , Górska Sabina , Marcinkiewicz Janusz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExopolysaccharides (EPSs), major components of the bacterial biofilm, display strong strain-specific immunomodulatory properties. Previously, we have shown that crude EPS derived fromLactobacillus rhamnosusKL37 depresses the production of arthritogenic anti-collagen IgG and ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice, when lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as adjuvant. In this study, we used highly purified EPS fromL. rhamnosusKL37 (EPS-37) to verify its anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to suppress T cell-dependent humoral response. We have employed the model of active CIA, in which mice immunized with type II collagen (CII) along with LPS were treated with pure EPS-37. Intravenous administration of purified EPS-37 markedly ameliorated arthritis and reduced CII-specific antibody production. EPS-37 injected subcutaneously reduced the clinical symptoms of CIA but without the reduction of arthritogenic antibodies. In addition, the effect of EPS-37 on T-cell functions was tested ex vivo and in vitro.EPS-37 inhibited the in vitro proliferation of T cells activated both in vivo (CII immunization) and in vitro (antigen/mitogen), and markedly reduced the production of interferon (IFN)-γ. These results together with other reports suggest that anti-inflammatory potential of EPS-37 depends on its ability to inhibit either one or the other or both possible inflammatory signaling pathways. Namely, Th1 → IFN-γ → M1 inflammatory macrophages → arthritis and/or Th1 → IFN-γ → B cells → arthritogenic antibodies → arthritis. We suggest thatL. rhamnosusKL37 EPS might be utilized to control T cell-dependent immune responses in various inflammatory diseases. However, the most effective route of EPS-37 administration needs to be tailored for a given disorder.
Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung in den beruflichen Tätigkeitsfeldern Pflegen, Betreuen und Heilen
Authors: Tisch Anita , Meyer Sophie-Charlotte 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Digitalisierung hält zunehmend Einzug in die Arbeitswelt. Obwohl nicht damit zu rechnen ist, dass menschliche Arbeit zeitnah durch Computer und Maschinen ersetzt wird, ist dennoch anzunehmen, dass sich menschliche Arbeit verändert. Diese Veränderungen werden weniger auf Branchen- und Berufsebene erwartet und vielmehr auf der Ebene der Tätigkeiten.Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert zunächst allgemein, welche Anforderungen im Zuge der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung an Bedeutung gewinnen. Hierbei wird davon ausgegangen, dass der technologische Wandel ähnliche Anforderungen nach sich zieht wie organisationale Restrukturierungsprozesse. Anschließend wird für das Tätigkeitsfeld „Pflegen, Betreuen, Heilen“ dargestellt, mit welchen Anforderungen Beschäftigte mit einem hohen Anteil dieser Tätigkeiten konfrontiert sind. Als Datengrundlage dient die Erwerbstätigenbefragung, die gemeinsam vom Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) und der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) durchgeführt wird und einen Vergleich der Jahre 2006, 2012 und 2018 ermöglicht.Die Tätigkeiten des Pflegens, Betreuens und Heilens sind durch eine hohe Arbeitsintensität und durch körperlich belastende Tätigkeiten geprägt. Obwohl allgemein von einem Rückgang körperlicher Belastungen ausgegangen wird, ist dies in dem untersuchten Tätigkeitsbereich bislang nicht zu beobachten. Bezüglich der Ressource des Handlungsspielraums zeigen sich keine eindeutigen Ergebnisse. Insgesamt lässt sich festhalten, dass sich die betrachteten Arbeitsanforderungen des Tätigkeitsfeldes des Pflegens, Betreuens und Heilens über die Zeit als vergleichsweise stabil erweisen. Die Gestaltung guter Arbeitsbedingungen in Pflege‑, Betreuungs- und Heilberufen sollte sowohl bestehende Herausforderungen als auch neue und durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung an Bedeutung gewinnende Faktoren berücksichtigen.
Quality of life outcomes for people with serious mental illness living in supported accommodation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Harrison Michele , Singh Roy Anusua , Hultqvist Jenny , Pan Ay-Woan , McCartney Deborah , McGuire Nicola , Irvine Fitzpatrick Linda , Forsyth Kirsty 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of quality of life (QoL) outcomes for people with serious mental illness living in three types of supported accommodation.

Methods
Studies were identified that described QoL outcomes for people with serious mental illness living in supported accommodation in six electronic databases. We applied a random-effects model to derive the meta-analytic results.

Results
13 studies from 7 countries were included, with 3276 participants receiving high support (457), supported housing (1576) and floating outreach (1243). QoL outcomes related to wellbeing, living conditions and social functioning were compared between different supported accommodation types. Living condition outcomes were better for people living in supported housing ($$g$$
g
= − 0.31; CI = [− 0.47; − 0.16]) and floating outreach ($$g$$
g
= − 0.95; CI = [− 1.30; − 0.61]) compared to high-support accommodation, with a medium effect size for living condition outcomes between supported housing and floating outreach ($$g$$
g
= − 0.40; CI = [− 0.82; 0.03]), indicating that living conditions are better for people living in floating outreach. Social functioning outcomes were significant for people living in supported housing compared to high support ($$g$$
g
= − 0.37; CI = [− 0.65; − 0.09]), with wellbeing outcomes not significant between the three types of supported accommodation.

Conclusion
There is evidence that satisfaction with living conditions differs across supported accommodation types. The results suggest there is a need to focus on improving social functioning and wellbeing outcomes for people with serious mental illness across supported accommodation types.
Variational regularization of damage models based on the emulated RVE
Authors: Schwarz Stephan , Junker Philipp , Hackl Klaus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaterial models exhibiting softening effects due to damage or localization share the problem of leading to ill-posed boundary value problems that lead to physically meaningless, mesh-dependent finite element results. It is thus necessary to apply regularization techniques that couple local behavior, described, e.g., by internal variables, at a spatial level. The common way to do this is to take into account higher gradients of the field variables, thus introducing an internal length scale. In this paper, we suggest a different approach to regularization that does not make use of any nonlocal enhancement like the inclusion of higher gradients or integration over local sub-domains nor of any classical viscous effects. Instead we perform an appropriate relaxation of the (condensed) free energy in a time-incremental setting which leads to a modified energy that is coercive and satisfies quasiconvexity in an approximate way. Thus, in every time increment a regular boundary value problem is solved. The proposed approach holds the same advantage as other methods, but with less numerical effort. We start with the theoretical derivation, discuss a rate-independent version of the proposed model and present details of the numerical treatment. Finally, we give finite element results that demonstrate the efficiency of this new approach.
Modeling and Verification of A Timing Protection Mechanism in the OSEK/VDX OS using CSP
Authors: Huang Yanhong , Pang Haiping , Shi Jianqi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The functions of automobiles are becoming increasingly intelligent, which leads to the increasing number of electrical control units for one automobile. Hence, it makes software migration and extension more complicated. In order to avoid these problems, the standard OSEK/VDX has been proposed jointly by a German automotive company consortium and the University of Karlsruhe. This standard provides specifications for the development of automotive software, this standard has become one of the major standards for real-time automotive operating systems (OSs). Since errors in the automotive OS may pose threat to the safety of people in a vehicle, it is necessary to verify the correctness of the OSEK OS which is used by many manufacturers around the world. Formal methods can be adopted to verify the correctness of both software and hardware. Therefore, we propose a formal model of the OSEK OS at the code level and verify three significant properties of the OSEK-based system. In this study, the code-level OSEK OS is verified to ensure compliance with the specifications. An automotive OS always requires that the systemreacts in a timelymanner to external events and performs the computations within the timing constraints. However, there is a possibility that the running time of the tasks exceeds the timing requirements due to the complexity of the tasks. Therefore, by referring to one of the extensions of the OSEK OS, Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR), we proposed tpOSEK, which is capable of extending the OSEK OS with a timing protection mechanism in AUTOSAR in this study. In our previous study, it was verified that the higher-priority task cannot be preempted by lower-priority tasks. In this paper, after improvement made to the OSEK OS model by adding interrupt service routine models and alarms, and extension of the OSEK OS model with a timing protection model, we have verified that tpOSEK satisfies three significant properties, which include deadlock f ree, complete and no timeout. These properties represent the basic conditions for the systemto run smoothly. If such properties as deadlock f ree and complete are satisfied, it means no deadlock is encountered by this system and all of the tasks can be scheduled completely. Moreover, if the property timeout cannot be satisfied, it means that none of the tasks would miss the deadline. Based on the tpOSEK model, the correct timing protection APIs can be designed at the code level. Thus, by extending the OSEKOSwith theseAPIs,we can update theOSEKOS faster and the need tomodify the dependent applications can be removed. Furthermore, we have constructed formal models for two industrial cases based on tpOSEK OS to demonstrate the soundness of our methods.