bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansions Of Appell And Lauricella Functions
Authors: JOSHI C. M. , JOSHI N. L. 
Published: October 2020

Expansion formulas for 4 ' in terms of products of 2F 1 and F.g
has been obtained by Srivastava et al. [5, 3.9]. In this note we present an ex-
tension of this result. Possibility of existence of analogous formulas for Lauricella

r)functions F,4 ,F,3 and Fb are examined and corresponding results for Appell

(r) (r)hypergeometric functions are also derived.
Assessment of Ovarian Integrity, Reproductive Hormones, and Oxidative Stress in Albino Rats Exposed to Tartrazine Azo Dye
Authors: Elekima Ibioku , Horsfall Okorite L. , Adimefe Ifeanyi G. , Ayaugbokor Sandra I. , Waribo Helen A. , Nwachuku Edna O. Nwachuku 
Published: October 2020

Aim: To assess the effect of tartrazine at ADI doses on ovarian integrity (the weight and histology of the ovary), reproductive fertility hormones (luteinizing hormones (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL)) and oxidative stress markers (glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) over a period of 30 and 60 days in albino rats.
Study Design: A total of 63 female rats weighing approximately 0.2kg were divided into two phases. In phase 1 (30 days treatment period), the rats were divided into 2 groups - designated tartrazine treated group (TTG1) consisting of 20 rats and control untreated group (CUG1) consisting of 15 rats. In phase 2 (60 days treatment period), the rats were again divided into 2 groups – tartrazine treated group (TTG2) consisting of 16 rats and control untreated group (CUG2) consisting of 12 rats. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 7.5mg/kg of the dye was administered orally while the control groups were given food and water only.
Methodology: At the end of the study, the animals were anaesthetized and 5 mL of whole blood samples was collected by means of cardiac puncture into plain bottles, later spun at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes to obtain serum. The laboratory analysis of LH, FSH and PRL as well as GPX and SOD activity were based on Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Technique using rat-specific kits. Ovarian tissues collected were weighed using electronic balance, washed in normal saline, fixed in 10% formalin saline, embedded in paraffin wax, 5μm thick sections were obtained by rotary microtome, stained using Haematoxylin & Eosin and examined using digital Olympus microscopic.
Results: Non-significant higher values in the absolute weight of the ovary (WOV), FSH, LH, and PRL while non-significant lower values in GPX and SOD were observed in the treated rats against control rats over a period of 30 and 60 days at P=.05. The histological examination over a period of 30 days did not indicate any alteration but hydropic dilation and structural alterations were seen after 60 days.
Conclusion: The administration of ADI doses of tartrazine over a period of 60 days affected the integrity of the ovary mildly as observed in the histology but did not markly reflect on the biochemical markers in the plasma as well as the weight of the ovary.
Effects of Combination Therapy of Methotrexate with Leflunomide & Hydroxychloroquine: Comparative Clinical Trial
Authors: Bukhari Qurrat-ul-Ain , Ismail Kauser , Dar Muzna Hameed , Abbas Afshan , Ata Madiha 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To study the role of combination therapies in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Study Design: This an open-label, randomized 180-days clinical trial.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BMSI and Medical unit ward 6, after approval of JPMC ethical committee, between March 2013 and May 2014.
Methodology: We included 90 patients (69 women, 21 men; age range 28-62 years) which were divided into two groups, A and B. 44 patients of group A received methotrexate (MTX) 7.5-20 mg/ week orally and Leflunomide (LEF) 10-20 mg/ day QD orally as maximally tolerated. 46 patients of group B were given MTX 7.5-20 mg/ week orally and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) 200 mg twice daily orally as maximally tolerated.
Results: Comparing the combination of group A with group B, group A showed highly significant improvement in mean patient’s global assessment (1.4 ± 0.66) and mean pain (1.3 ± 1.11) as compared to group B (2.4 ± 1.14, 2.2 ± 1.49). The drugs of group B showed significant improvement in mean physician’s global assessment (1.7 ± 0.92) and mean morning stiffness (49.2 ± 10.59) as compared to group A (2.8 ± 0.97, 54.4 ± 10.14). Combination treatment of group B showed significantly lower adverse effects (4.3%) as compared to group A (11.4%). Statistical analysis revealed that patients receiving both the combinations responded equally in terms of effects but group B showed significantly better in terms of adverse effects.
Conclusion: Both combinations of MTX & LEF and MTX & HCQ were well tolerated but the efficacy of MTX and HCQ was significantly superior in terms of adverse effects to the combination of MTX and LEF.
Walking at work: Maximum gait speed is related to work ability in hospital nursing staff
Authors: Aldridge Chad , Tringali Victor , Rhodes Robert , Kershisnik Kohl , Creditt Debra , Gonzalez-Mejia Jorge , Lugo-Vargas Jose , Eby Jean 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Like the concept of work ability in occupational health, gait speed is a measure of general fitness and can predict functional decline and morbidity. This is especially important when our care-takers, i.e. nurses, show decline in fitness and become care-receivers. The study aims to describe the demographics of hospital nurses in the context of gait speed and work ability as well as to determine the association between them.

Methods
Three-hundred and twelve inpatient nurses and nursing assistants were sampled from a level 1 trauma and teaching hospital from several service lines and acuity levels. Spearman correlation tests were utilized to determine the relationship of gait speed and ratings of item 1 on the Work Ability Index (WAI) as well as Cochran-Armitage test for linear trend of gait speed.

Results
Maximum gait speed has a significant positive association with work ability with a Rho coefficient of 0.217 (P &lt; .0001). Additionally, the linear trend test of gait speed tertiles was significant (P &lt; .001) for work ability categories of Moderate to Poor (0-7) and Good to Excellent (8-10).

Conclusions
Gait speed is correlated with the item 1 self-rating of the WAI in hospital nursing staff. The 10-m walk test is a practical and easy measure that can be utilized in occupational health. More research is required to validate gait speed in other occupational health populations and investigate gait speed changes and its interaction with the work environment longitudinally.
Improvement of Functioning and Health With Ixekizumab in the Treatment of Active Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis in a 52‐Week, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Walsh Jessica A. , Magrey Marina N. , Baraliakos Xenofon , Inui Kentaro , Weng Meng‐Yu , Lubrano Ennio , van der Heijde Désirée , Boonen Annelies , Gensler Lianne S. , Strand Vibeke , Braun Jürgen , Hunter Theresa , Li Xiaoqi , Zhu Baojin , León Luis , Calderon David Marcelino Sandoval , Kiltz Uta 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of ixekizumab on self‐reported functioning and health in patients with active nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsCOAST‐X was a randomized, controlled trial conducted in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA over 52 weeks. Participants were randomized at a ratio of 1:1:1 to receive 80 mg of ixekizumab subcutaneously every 4 weeks or 2 weeks or placebo for 52 weeks. Self‐reported functioning and health end points included the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF‐36) health survey, Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) health index, and European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions‐5 Level (EQ‐5D‐5L) health‐utility descriptive system.ResultsCompared to placebo, ixekizumab treatment resulted in improvement of SF‐36 physical component summary scores from baseline, with a score of 4.7 improving to 8.9 with ixekizumab therapy every 4 weeks (P < 0.05) and a score of 9.3 with ixekizumab therapy every 2 weeks (P < 0.01); the greatest improvements were observed in the domains of physical functioning, role‐physical, and bodily pain at weeks 16 and 52. A higher proportion of patients receiving ixekizumab therapy every 2 weeks reported ≥3 improvements based on the ASAS health index from baseline to weeks 16 and 52 (P < 0.05). Significantly more patients receiving ixekizumab every 4 weeks reported improvements in “good health status” on the ASAS health index (ASAS score of ≤5) at weeks 16 and 52 (P < 0.05). Patients receiving ixekizumab reported improvements on the EQ‐5D‐5L compared to those who received placebo at week 16 (0.11 versus 0.17 for patients receiving treatment every 4 weeks and 0.19 for patients receiving treatment every 2 weeks; P < 0.05), which remained consistent at week 52. There were no clinical meaningful differences in responses based on the ixekizumab dosing regimen for patients who received ixekizumab therapy every 2 weeks or every 4 weeks.ConclusionIn patients with nonradiographic axial SpA, therapy with ixekizumab was superior to placebo in the improvement of self‐reported functioning and health at weeks 16 and 52.
Temporal Relationship Between Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Disease Activity and Uveitis Disease Activity
Authors: Liebling Emily J. , Faig Walter , Chang Joyce C. , Mendoza Elizabeth , Moore Nicholas , Vicioso Nahomy Ledesma , Lerman Melissa A. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether there is a temporal association between arthritis and uveitis activity among children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis–associated uveitis (JIA‐U).MethodsUveitis and arthritis data from patients with JIA‐U age ≤21 years were collected from July 2013 to December 2019 at a tertiary care center. Arthritis activity was assessed at each rheumatology visit, and the primary outcome was the presence of active uveitis at ophthalmologic examination within 45 days of the rheumatology visit. Repeated‐measures logistic regression was used to evaluate the temporal association between any uveitis activity within 45 days of arthritis activity. Models were adjusted for demographic‐, disease‐, and treatment‐related factors.ResultsA total of 98 patients were included: 81 (83%) female, 67 (69%) antinuclear antibody positive, 59 (60%) oligoarticular, and 13 (13%) enthesitis‐related arthritis (ERA) subtypes. There were 1,229 rheumatology visits, with a median of 13 visits per patient (interquartile range 7–18). Concordance between arthritis and uveitis activity was observed 73% of the time (694 of 947). There was an independent temporal association between uveitis and arthritis activity (odds ratio 2.47 [95% confidence interval 1.72–3.54]; P < 0.01), adjusted for demographic and disease characteristics. Use of combination biologic and nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, female sex, HLA–B27 positivity, and ERA and polyarticular (rheumatoid factor negative) subtypes were associated with decreased odds of active uveitis at any time point.ConclusionIn patients with JIA‐U, there is a significant temporal association between arthritis and uveitis disease activity. These novel results suggest that an arthritis flare should prompt an expedited referral to the ophthalmologist.
Biomineralization: An Opportunity and Challenge of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Weicai , Liu Xiaofan , Zheng Xiangjiang , Jin Hyung Jong , Li Xuemei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiomineralization is a common process in organisms to produce hard biomaterials by combining inorganic ions with biomacromolecules. Multifunctional nanoplatforms are developed based on the mechanism of biomineralization in many biomedical applications. In the past few years, biomineralization‐based nanoparticle drug delivery systems for the cancer treatment have gained a lot of research attention due to the advantages including simple preparation, good biocompatibility, degradability, easy modification, versatility, and targeting. In this review, the research trends of biomineralization‐based nanoparticle drug delivery systems and their applications in cancer therapy are summarized. This work aims to promote future researches on cancer therapy based on biomineralization. Rational design of nanoparticle drug delivery systems can overcome the bottleneck in the clinical transformation of nanomaterials. At the same time, biomineralization has also provided new research ideas for cancer treatment, i.e., targeted therapy, which has significantly better performance.
Repeatable and Reprogrammable Shape Morphing from Photoresponsive Gold Nanorod/Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Dang Alei , Zhang Zhifeng , Yin Rui , Gao Yuchong , Feng Liang , Yang Shu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are of interest for applications such as soft robotics and shape‐morphing devices. Among the different actuation mechanisms, light offers advantages such as spatial and local control of actuation via the photothermal effect. However, the unwanted aggregation of the light‐absorbing nanoparticles in the LCE matrix will limit the photothermal response speed, actuation performance, and repeatability. Herein, a near‐infrared‐responsive LCE composite consisting of up to 0.20 wt% poly(ethylene glycol)‐modified gold nanorods (AuNRs) without apparent aggregation is demonstrated. The high Young's modulus, 20.3 MPa, and excellent photothermal performance render repeated and fast actuation of the films (actuation within 5 s and recovery in 2 s) when exposed to 800 nm light at an average output power of ≈1.0 W cm−2, while maintaining a large actuation strain (56%). Further, it is shown that the same sheet of AuNR/LCE film (100 µm thick) can be morphed into different shapes simply by varying the motifs of the photomasks.
Record‐Low Subthreshold‐Swing Negative‐Capacitance 2D Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wang Yang , Bai Xiaoyuan , Chu Junwei , Wang Hongbo , Rao Gaofeng , Pan Xinqiang , Du Xinchuan , Hu Kai , Wang Xuepeng , Gong Chuanhui , Yin Chujun , Yang Chao , Yan Chaoyi , Wu Chunyang , Shuai Yao , Wang Xianfu , Liao Min , Xiong Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPower consumption is one of the most challenging bottlenecks for complementary metal‐oxide–semiconductor integration. Negative‐capacitance field‐effect transistors (NC‐FETs) offer a promising platform to break the thermionic limit defined by the Boltzmann tyranny and architect energy‐efficient devices. However, it is a great challenge to achieving ultralow‐subthreshold‐swing (SS) (10 mV dec−1) and small‐hysteresis NC‐FETs simultaneously at room temperature, which has only been reported using the hafnium zirconium oxide system. Here, based on a ferroelectric LiNbO3 thin film with great spontaneous polarization, an ultralow‐SS NC‐FET with small hysteresis is designed. The LiNbO3 NC‐FET platform exhibits a record‐low SS of 4.97 mV dec−1 with great repeatability due to the superior capacitance matching characteristic as evidenced by the negative differential resistance phenomenon. By modulating the structure and operating parameters (such as channel length (Lch), drain–sourse bias (Vds), and gate bias (Vg)) of devices, an optimized SS from ≈40 to ≈10 mV dec−1 and hysteresis from ≈900 to ≈60 mV are achieved simultaneously. The results provide a new potential method for future highly integrated electronic and optical integrated energy‐efficient devices.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of C2‐Functionalized Pyridines and Quinolines Using N‐Oxide Chemistry
Authors: Wang Dong , Désaubry Laurent , Li Gaoyu , Huang Mindong , Zheng Shixin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile remarkable progress has recently been made for the direct C−H‐functionalization of azines, its application is still limited by a lack of accessible functional groups (primarily carbon‐based) and poor regioselectivity. In contrast, C2‐functionalized pyridines and quinolines can be easily synthesized by treating readily available N‐oxides with various reagents under appropriate activation conditions. This review seeks to comprehensively document the available synthetic methods for introducing functional groups at the C2 position of pyridines and quinolines. In this work, we highlight recent developments in the C2‐functionalization of pyridine and quinoline N‐oxides and address both the mechanisms and regioselectivity of the reactions. We also describe the pathways and reactive species involved in these processes and highlight a number of medically relevant nitrogen heteroaromatics.magnified image
Recent Advances in Polychloromethylation Reactions
Authors: Huang Gao , Yu Jin‐Tao , Pan Changduo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMolecules with di‐ or trichloromethyl group are widely existed in natural products and man‐made structures that represent special activities in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Besides, polychloromethyl‐containing compounds are also high valuable intermediates in organic synthesis and also can be used as functional materials. Therefore, significant efforts have been made toward the incorporation of polychloromethyl groups into certain structures. In this field, a variety of polychloromethyl reagents, such as CH2Cl2, HCCl3, CCl4, TMSCCl3, TMSCCl2H, etc. have been utilized as the di‐ or trichloromethyl sources toward polychloromethylated structures through radical, nucleophilic, and other reaction patterns. In this review, we summarized and discussed the recent achievements in the synthesis of polychloromethylated compounds, mainly focused on the employment of different polychloromethyl reagents. Most of the works we investigated were reported after 2010. Mechanism discussions and outlooks were also given.magnified image
β‐Trifluoromethyl α,β‐unsaturated Ketones: Efficient Building Blocks for Diverse Trifluoromethylated Molecules
Authors: Chaudhary Bharatkumar , Kulkarni Neeraj , Saiyed Nehanaz , Chaurasia Meenakshi , Desai Surbhi , Potkule Sagar , Sharma Satyasheel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe trifluoromethyl (CF3) group is an advantageous structural motif in various biologically active molecules as well as materials, which is depicted by steadily increasing demand from the industries involved in drug discovery, agrochemicals and material development. β‐trifluoromethyl α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds constitute a very efficient building blocks as starting material in the synthesis of fluorinated molecules. Their usage for the synthesis of various heterocycles and organic molecules bearing stereogenic carbon containing CF3 motif has received significant attention during the recent times. This review provides the existing methods for the synthesis of β‐substituted trifluoromethyl‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones and the efforts made by researchers for the synthetic development through various reactions by employing them as synthetic building blocks for trifluoromethylated organic scaffolds.magnified image
Strategies for Fabricating Protein Films for Biomaterial Applications
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sanjana , Xu Jinlong , Zhong Fang , Rotello Vincent M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProteins are naturally occurring functional building blocks that are useful for the fabrication of materials. Naturally‐occurring proteins are biodegradable and most are biocompatible and nontoxic, making them attractive for the fabrication of biomaterials. Moreover, the fabrication of protein‐based materials can be conducted in a green and sustainable manner due to their high aqueous solubility. Consequently, the applicability of protein‐based materials is limited by their aqueous and mechanical instability. This review summarizes strategies for the stabilization of protein films, highlighting their salient features and potential limitations. Applications of protein films ranging from food packaging materials, tissue engineering scaffolds, antimicrobial coatings etc. are also discussed. Finally, the need for robust and efficient fabrication strategies for translation to commercial applications as well as potential applications of protein films in the field of sensing, diagnostics, and controlled release systems are discussed.
Single Protein Encapsulated Doxorubicin as an Efficacious Anticancer Therapeutic
Authors: Yu Changjun , Huang Faqing , Chow Warren A. , Cook‐Wiens Galen , Cui Xiaojiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSmall‐molecule chemotherapeutics are potent and effective against a variety of malignancies, but common and severe side effects restrict their clinical applications. Nanomedicine approaches represent a major focus for improving chemotherapy, but have met limited success. To overcome the limitations of chemotherapy drugs, a novel single protein encapsulation (SPE)‐based drug formulation and delivery platform is developed and its utility in improving doxorubicin (DOX) treatment is tested. Using this methodology, a series of SPEDOX complexes are generated by encapsulating various numbers of DOX molecules into a single human serum albumin (HSA) molecule. UV/fluorescence spectroscopy, membrane dialysis, and dynamic light scattering techniques show that SPEDOXs are stable and uniform as monomeric HSA and display unique properties distinct from those of DOX and DOX‐HSA mixture. Furthermore, detailed procedures to precisely monitor and control both DOX payload and binding strength to HSA are established. Breast cancer xenograft tumor studies reveal that SPEDOX‐6 treatment displays improved pharmacokinetic profiles, higher antitumor efficacy, and lower DOX accumulation in the heart tissue compared with unformulated DOX. This SPE technology, which does not involve nanoparticle assembly and modifications to either small‐molecule drugs or HSA, may open up a new avenue for developing new drug delivery systems to improve anticancer therapeutics.
A Theoretical Framework for Ratiometric Single Ion Luminescent Thermometers—Thermodynamic and Kinetic Guidelines for Optimized Performance
Authors: Suta Markus , Meijerink Andries 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLuminescence (nano)thermometry is an increasingly important field for remote temperature sensing with high spatial resolution. Most typically, ratiometric sensing of the luminescence emission intensities of two thermally coupled emissive states based on a Boltzmann equilibrium is used to detect the local temperature. Dependent on the temperature range and preferred spectral window, various choices for potential candidates appear possible. Despite extensive experimental research in the field, a universal theory covering the basics of luminescence thermometry is virtually nonexistent. In this manuscript, a general theoretical framework of single ion luminescent thermometers is presented that offers simple, user‐friendly guidelines for both the choice of an appropriate emitter and respective embedding host material for optimum temperature sensing. The results show that the optimum performance (thermal response and sensitivity) around T0 is realized for an energy gap ∆E21 between thermally coupled levels between 2kBT0 and 3.41kBT0. Analysis of the temperature‐dependent excited state kinetics shows that host lattices in which ∆E21 can be bridged by one or two phonons are preferred over hosts in which higher order phonon processes are required. Such a framework is relevant for both a fundamental understanding of luminescent thermometers but also the targeted design of novel and superior luminescent (nano)thermometers.