bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer of Ag-Al2O3/Water Hybrid Nanofluid on a Stagnation Point Flow over a Stretching Sheet with Newtonian Heating
Authors: Mohamed Muhammad Khairul Anuar , Ong Huei Ruey , Alkasasbeh Hamzah Taha , Salleh Mohd Zuki 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study investigated the flow and heat transfer at a stagnation point past a stretching sheet. The premium silver nanoparticles Ag and economic alumina nanoparticles Al2O3
suspended in water to form Ag-Al2O3/Water hybrid nanofluid are numerically examined. The analysis started with transforming the mathematical model which is in non-linear partial differential equations to a more convenient form by similarity transformation approach before being solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF45) method. The characteristics and effects of the stretching parameter, conjugate parameter and the nanoparticle volume fraction for Al2O3
and Ag on the variation of wall temperature, heat transfer coefficient and reduced skin friction coefficient are analyzed and discussed.
In object detection deep learning methods, YOLO shows supremum to Mask R-CNN
Authors: Sumit Shahriar Shakir , Watada Junzo , Roy Anurava , Rambli DRA 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Deep learning concept and algorithm play a pivotal role in solving various complicated problems such as playing games, forecasting economic future values, detecting objects in images. It could break through the bottle neck in conventional methods of neural networks and artificial intelligence. This paper will compare two influential deep learning algorithms in image processing and object detection, that is, Mask R-CNN and YOLO. Today, detection tasks become more complex when they come to numerous variations in the humans’ perceived appearance, formation, attire, reasoning and the dynamic nature of their behaviour. It is also a challenging task to understand subtle details in their surroundings. For instance, radiance conditions, background clutter and partial or full occlusion. When a machine tries to interact with human or try to take pictures, it becomes hard for them to magnify the details of a human surrounding. In this study we have focused to detect humans effectively. The main objective of the present work is to compare the performance of YOLO and Mask R-CNN, which unveils the inability of Mask R-CNN in detecting tiny human figures among other prominent human images, and illustrate YOLO was successful in detecting most of the human figures in an image with higher accuracy. Therefore, the paper evaluates and differentiates the performance of YOLO from the deep learning method Mask R-CNN in two points, (1) detection ability and (2) computation time. Since, the machine learning algorithms are mostly data specific, the authors believe that the presented results might vary with the varying nature of the data under observation. In another way, the presented data might be seen as a counter example of unveiling the detection inaccuracy of the Mask R-CNN.
Mathematical Representation of Joint Angle Measurement using Step Index Optic Fibre and Linear Array Photodiode Sensor
Authors: Salim G M , Zawawi M A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Human joint angle measurement involves various applications, for example monitoring of spine movement in sagittal and frontal planes, upper limb motion such as shoulder, neck and elbow, as well as lower limb motion such as hip, knee, and ankle. As the range of motions of different human joints are not similar, the output estimation of the designed sensor for these applications need to be carried out prior to sensor development. In this paper, the conceptual design of low-cost plastic optical fibre based on single step index fibre is illustrated, the mathematical modelling is explained, and the sensor’s hardware assemble is designed using CATIA software, before the estimated sensor output is presented. These results will be used as a reference values for actual optical fibre sensor design in the near future.
On Genetic Algebra and its Transformation to some Evolution Algebras in Dimension Four
Authors: El-Qader Hamza Abd , Ghani Ahmad Termimi Ab , Qaralleh I. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Genetic algebra is a (possibly non-associative) algebra used to model inheritance in genetics. This paper investigates the existence of non-associative and derivation of genetic algebra related to some operators generated by ξ
(as) − QSO. Moreover, a transformation of genetic algebra to some evolution algebras in dimension four is investigated.
Optimisation of static magnetic field (SMF) on physical properties of biomass using central composite design experiment
Authors: Zaidi Nur Syamimi , Sohaili Johan , Muda Khalida , Saidi Mohamad Shahrul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
One of the principle issues for the biomass is the poor settleability that therefore influences the effluent quality. Batch tests were led to appraise the optimal conditions for improving the settleability of the biomass under static magnetic field (SMF). A four-factor central composite design (CCD) was executed to investigate the main and interaction effects of the factors while response surface methodology (RSM) was used for process optimization. Four independent factors, viz. SMF (15.0 – 88.0 mT), exposure time (0.5 – 48.0 h), biomass concentration (2000 – 4000 mg/L) and agitation speed (200 – 400 rpm) were applied and quadratic model was worked to anticipate the reactions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to assess the significance of the autonomous factors. At the optimum conditions of 88.0 mT SMF, 16.5 h exposure time, 2800 mg/L biomass concentration and 300 rpm agitation speed, the turbidity removal, aggregation and settling velocity achieved its highest predictions of 92%, 99% and 0.011 cm/s, respectively. The analysis demonstrated that the applied SMF could enhance the settling property of the biomass through the enhancement of its aggregation ability. These suggesting that the SMF is dependable in accelerating the biomass settleability, subsequently potential to improve the performance efficiency in treating wastewater.
Stability of kaolin particles subjected to elevated temperatures using various dispersing agents
Authors: Shakrani S A , Ayob A , Ab Rahim M A , Alias S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The stability of kaolin particles is largely influenced by nature and the behaviour of dispersing agents introduced to the system. This study analysed the size of kaolin particles subjected to elevated temperatures by using various dispersing agents such as ultrapure water (UPW), acetone (Ace) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). It was found that kaolin particles in UPW formed a stable dispersion compared to particles in Ace and NaOH without further aggregation. Interestingly, kaolin particles under UPW, Ace, and NaOH dispersants had a strong affinity for water and can be classified as possessing hydrophilic behaviour. The mean size of kaolin particles was reduced under UPW and Ace dispersion but increased under NaOH suspension. Under UPW dispersion, kaolin particles ranged from 141.8nm to 5560nm, creating a mid-range monodisperse size distribution (0.08 < PDI < 0.7) without any presence of agglomeration due to high potential energy barrier and electrostatic repulsion. Kaolin particles subjected to NaOH dispersant produced a narrow distribution of particle sizes ranging from 295.3nm to 1106nm but appeared to agglomerate because of Van der Waals interactions. In contrast, the Ace dispersant produced a very broad polydisperse particle size distribution (PDI > 0.7) of greater than 10μm in kaolin with a little aggregation but lacking consistency in terms of stability. However, all dispersants contributed to the kaolin particles dispersion but UPW shown more stability dispersion due to increase in number of hydroxyl groups in dispersant molecule. In conclusion, this simple and low cost methodology can be useful in characterising kaolin particle sizes with limited resources.
Tribological And Corrosion Characteristics Of Coatings Based On Chromium Nitride Deposited By The Mechanochemical Method
Authors: Rakhadilov B.K. , Kenesbekov A.B. , Sagdoldina Zh.B. , Stepanova O.A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the performances against wear and corrosion of Cr2N thin films. The thin film was synthesized onto steel substrates SHKH15, using mechanochemical method. The experimental work was achieved using ball-on-disc configuration in dry conditions against Al2O3 balls. The corrosion resistance was determined by potentiometric method. The main conclusions are: corrosion testing in 4 % solution of nitric acid (HNO3) solution indicated that Cr2N is improved anticorrosion performance when compared to the steel substrate SHKH15; the Cr2N coating presents the better tribological properties. Tribological tests against, that Cr2N coating presents the lowest coefficient of friction relatively to the steel substrate SHKH15.
Ant colony algorithm to generate t-way test suite with constraints
Authors: Ramli Nuraminah , Othman Rozmie Razif , Khalib Zahereel Ishwar Abdul , Ahmad Mohd Zamri Zahir , Fauzi S S M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
T-way testing is one of the testing techniques offered to generate test suites. It focuses on interactions of input parameters based on strength. Besides that, t-way is used to overcome exhaustive testing problem. Another important aspect in t-way is constraints. It forbids certain interactions of input parameters. Therefore, the final test suite contains only valid interactions. T-way testing is NP-hard problem. No single strategy can always generates the best test suite size at all time for all configurations. Thus, Const-TTSGA strategy has been developed to generate test suites. The strategy supports constraints variable strength. Const-TTSGA is a metaheuristic strategy which applies ant colony algorithm to generate the best test cases. Two types of experiments have been conducted; constraints uniform and variable strength which consists of few other configurations. Results obtained are compared to benchmarked results. Const-TTSGA outperformed other strategy for costraints uniform strength experiments except for one configuration. However, the strategy outperformed other strategies for constraints variable strength experiments.
Comparing the Efficiency of Intelligent Hybrid Operator Assistance Software with Intuitive Set-up (OASIS) for Assembly Production Line
Authors: Ibrahim Zunaidi , ONeill Mike , Hassani Vahid , Mehrabi Hamid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pick-To-Light Order Picking System is the operational process when an operator begins to pick the parts in a sequential manner by which the quantity of the parts is recorded. The design of an effective hybrid order picking process in an assembly line is assisted by an intelligent sensing system to improve pick efficiency, accuracy and increase productivity. This research compares between intelligent hybrid order picking versus order picking with pick confirmation system at parts assembly line. The results show that by our proposed system with the elimination of certain steps within the picking process, the better efficiency, accuracy, fewer miss-picks will occur in the system and the operator can perform more intelligently with required picking quantities. The development of this system can provide a low-cost solution with an intelligent order picking system for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and a fast-moving production assembly line in manufacturing.
Conceptual Design of Electromagnetic Pulse for Denied Vehicular Access Application
Authors: Hamid Fandi , Yahya Azli , Tan Tian Swee , You Kok Yeow 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Modern vehicle architectures are complemented by the use of advanced technologies, primarily in the Engine Control Unit (ECU). This article describes the proposed conceptual design of Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) for denied vehicular access applications, especially to vehicle (cars) engine ECU. The system mainly consists of five parts, namely power supply, magnetron, isolator, tuner, and pyramidal horn radiator. The magnetron is selected as the means for driving the pulse power generator at an operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The pyramidal horn radiator with a gain of 15 dB is designed using CST Microwave software and fabricated as well as tested. The performance tests of the designed system are conducted in a laboratory environment and field trials, respectively. The effects of the EMP to the engine ECU are analyzed and discussed in terms of the radiated power, radiation gain, radiation pattern, and significant radiation distance. The expected target distance for stopping a vehicle is at least 3m to 5m.
Cost Saving Replication Technique in Data Grid
Authors: Shukri Mohd Noor A , Fauzi Auni , Fauzi Ainul Azila Che 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Replication is a useful technique for distributed database systems. An existing popular technique that has been used before are Read One-write-All Monitoring Synchronization Transactions System (ROWA-MSTS) and Hierarchical Replication Scheme (HRS). Nevertheless, these techniques have their flaws in terms of replication time taken. Subsequently, ROWA and HRS take more executing time in order to complete a transaction. It is because they have to copy their data to all sites. This research, Binary Voting Fragmented Database Replication (BVFDR) model, the some-data-to-some-sites technique is proposed. In order to handle transactions in the systems, BVFDR considers the neighbouring servers binary vote assignment to its logical grid structure on fragmented data copies. Therefore, it reduces storage capacity. An experiment has been carried out in three replicated servers. The results have been compared with existing techniques such ROWA and HRS. The result shows that BVFDR is able to preserve data consistency and outperformed in terms of time taken for a complete transaction compare to existing techniques. Overall, BVFDR able to handle fragmented data replication as well as capable to manage transaction management in distributed database environment by maintaining consistency of the data through the synchronization approach.
Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies for the adsorption of Methylene blue onto biochar from Parkia Speciosa Pod
Authors: Hannandarao T , Shoparwe N F , Mohammad R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The ability of Parkia Speciosa pod (PSP) or commonly known as petai pod based biochar as bioadsorbent was investigated in order to utilise the waste generated. Methylene Blue (MB) dye was used as adsorbate and the adsorption was carried out in a batch system. The influence of various initial dye concentrations on the adsorption capacity was evaluated. Adsorption equilibrium data was best described by Langmuir isotherm model with R
2 of 0.997 and qmax of 1.175 mg/g. Overall, biosorption kinetics was found to fit well the pseudo-first order model. The maximum removal percentage of 99.06% was achieved at 25mg/L of initial concentration.
Kinetic Studies of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution using PIMs
Authors: Gunasegaran Manassvinee , Ravi Suganthi , Shoparwe Noor Fazliani 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Polymer inclusion membrane (PIMs) was used as an extractant for the removal of Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) dye as it is an easy and effective way. The extraction process is used because it is found to be more economical and effective compared to other dye removal methods. The PIM consists of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Co-Hfp (PVDF-Co-HFP) as a base polymer, Aliquat 336 as a carrier with the solvent of Tetrahydrofuran (THF). The formulations of the components were varied to determine the optimum composition of membrane with the effective extraction ability. Various parameters such as effect of carrier, initial dye concentration and pH were investigated. The optimum extraction of RO16 dye using PIMs were found to be at composition M3, 9 % of carrier which is worked best on 10 mg/L initial dye concentration in 4 hour time at pH 2 with agitation speed of 500 rpm at room temperature. Kinetic modelling was studied to analyse the extraction process and removal of dye by using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The kinetic model fits very well with the kinetic data using pseudo-second-order. The highest percentage removal of RO16 dye was 99.62 % and it is proven that PIMs has the potential to remove the dye.
Tracking Operation Status of Machines through Vibration Analysis using Motif Discovery.
Authors: Lee Yon-Qing , Beh Woan-Lin , Ooi Boon-Yaik 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Industrial revolution 4.0 is inevitable for developing countries and created an urgency for many small and medium enterprises (SME) manufacturers to modernize their operations. Unfortunately, the process of modernization is expensive and it may not be justifiable for SMEs. This work is part of our existing effort in developing retrofitting sensors solution to help in reducing the cost and risk of SMEs moving towards Industry 4.0. This work focuses on tracking operation of machine through vibration data. Vibration analysis is not new and there are many existing works especially in the area of machine condition monitoring. This work is different from machine condition monitoring because the aim of this work is to track operation status of machines. The operation status of machines are crucial for manufacturers to manage maintenance and estimate the throughput of their operation. However, the main challenge of tracking operation status is that there are no prior knowledge on the machine’s vibration. The success of Motif Discovery has provided an opportunity to distinguish and identify the operation status of a machine from its vibration with minimal interference to the machine’s operation. This work puts Matrix Profile to test; using 15 sets of vibration data from 2-speed (high and low speed) industrial fan and exhaust hood, with the period for each collection at 10 minutes. From the experimental results, this work showed that it is possible to track the operation status of a machine through its vibration data and the accuracy can be as high as 99%.
The Changes on Morphological and Absorption Ability of Treated Corn Stalk Fiber
Authors: Mohamad Rosdi M H H , Ahad N A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Natural fiber like corn stalk fiber nowadays can be used to replace synthetic fiber. However, their natural properties may influence their performance which making hem limited to use. In this research study, variety types of chemical treatment which economical technique was used to modified the physical and chemical properties of corn stalk fiber. After the treatment process, the surface morphology and water absorption ability of the fiber was examined. There was an improvement on surface morphological by making them clean and rough compared to untreated corn stalk fiber. The hydrophobicity of corn stalk fiber also increased after treatment. As we can see, H2SO4-treated fiber has lowest water absorption ability compared to others. By removing the unnecessarily element on the fiber which comparable with synthetic fiber may increase their potential to become first choice as reinforcement materials in composite industries later.
Analysis of landslide vulnerability in Sibolangit area using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Hastuty Ika Puji , Ahmad Fauziah , Roesyanto  , Ridwan Anas M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Natural disasters are a natural phenomenon that can occur at any time causing material and immaterial losses. Sibolangit is one of the subdistricts in the Deli Serdang Regency with relief of sloping hills between 60° – 90° with high rainfall so that the Sibolangit subdistrict has the potential for landslides. Geographic Information System can connect spatial and non-spatial data so that maps and information analysis can be made in a digital form. This study aimed to determine the level of landslide vulnerability in Sibolangit subdistrict, where the data used include types of rocks, types of soil, slope, rainfall, and land use. The analysis used in the study was the Geographic Information System with Puslittanak Modelling 2004. The study results obtained four criteria for landslide vulnerability in Sibolangit subdistrict, namely low landslide-prone areas which were 7 villages (32.65 km2 or 18.84%), moderate landslide-prone areas which were 13 villages (77.93 km2 or 44.96%), high landslide-prone areas which were 8 villages (46.43 km2 or 28.96%), and very high landslide-prone areas which were 2 villages (16.31 km2 or 10.17 %).
PROTOTYPE FOR OFFGRID SOLUTION USING SOLAR AND WIND
Authors: Ismail Nur Amalina Sakinah , Hasan Mohd Zamri , Khalid Khairul Nadiah , Mahyudin Ilham Shafini Ahmad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This project is about the design and development of solar and wind turbine system for power generation that supply to the domestic household in the remote area, which is unable to connect to the grid. The construction of renewable resources as the power generation of a small house in a remote area occurs to save the cost installation. Renewable energy such as solar and wind that can prevent pollution occurs to nature. Wind turbines diversified by means of a standalone application, can be combined with a solar system to create a small network to act independently for supplying an electrical energy. This project was divided into two stages which are the software development and hardware development. In software development, this project has been simulated by Proteus Software by designing the charge controller for manufacturing the printed circuit boards (PCB). In hardware development, circuit power generation attached to 12 V battery as a storage. The prototype of the system has been using a piece of solar panel and a–piece of a mini wind turbine. The solar and wind turbine must not exceed 10 kW and 12 VDC. Both resources are then converted into AC by using the inverter. In this project, the charge controller is needed to avoid battery exceed the energy. In the end, the power generation supplied to the small house. The microgrid system has been supplied from the 12 VDC solar and wind system. The system gave the output of 220 to 240 VAC to the small house. The basic requirement of an electric minimum load is determined in 2 kWh for the small house which is including the essential load demand such as lighting and householder appliances such as air conditioner, ceiling fan, water pump and socket outlet.
Seismic Response Of Retrofitted Low Rise Structure Under Strong Earthquakes Using Nonlinear Time History Analysis
Authors: Daniel D R , Sinaga A.H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper summarizes the response quantities of existing and retrofitting for three story reinforced concrete (RC) structure under selected seismic excitation. The retrofitting technique addressed in this study include carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bar strengthening on beam, steel cage column jacketing, high strength concrete column jacketing, CFRP strengthening of column, and applying the base isolation technique. To evaluate the effect of seismic excitation on the structural responses, three ground motion records, i.e., Newhall, Northridge and Sylmar are selected and scaled to match response spectra design of Indonesian code. Material non-linearity was taken into account and modelled as plastic hinges at the both end of columns and beams element. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed using Newmark’s integration method for existing and all retrofitting models. Finally, the comparisons of the response quantities in term of base shear, roof acceleration, story drift index are presented and discussed.