bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APEX Strategy Represented by Diels–Alder Cycloadditions—New Opportunities for the Syntheses of Functionalised PAHs
Authors: Kurpanik Aneta , Matussek Marek , Szafraniec‐Gorol Grażyna , Filapek Michał , Lodowski Piotr , Marcol‐Szumilas Beata , Ignasiak Witold , Małecki Jan Grzegorz , Machura Barbara , Małecka Magdalena , Danikiewicz Witold , Pawlus Sebastian , Krompiec Stanisław 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiels–Alder cycloaddition of various dienophiles to the bay region of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a particularly effective and useful tool for the modification of the structure of PAHs and thereby their final properties. The Diels–Alder cycloaddition belongs to the single‐step annulative π‐extension (APEX) reactions and represents the maximum in synthetic efficiency for the constructions of π‐extended PAHs including functionalised ones, nanographenes, and π‐extended fused heteroarenes. Herein we report new applications of the APEX strategy for the synthesis of derivatives of 1,2‐diarylbenzo[ghi]perylene, 1,2‐diarylbenzo[ghi]perylenebisimide and 1,2‐disubstituted‐benzo[j]coronene. Namely, the so far unknown cycloaddition of 1,2‐diarylacetylenes into the perylene and perylenebisimide bay regions was used. 1,2‐Disubstituted‐benzo[j]coronenes were obtained via cycloaddition of benzyne into 1,2‐diarylbenzo[ghi]perylenes by using a new highly effective system for benzyne generation and/or high pressure conditions. Moreover, we report an unprecedented Diels–Alder cycloaddition–cycloaromatisation domino‐type reaction between 1,4‐(9,9‐dialkylfluoren‐3‐yl)‐1,3‐butadiynes and perylene. The obtained diaryl‐substituted core‐extended PAHs were characterised by DFT calculation as well as electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements.
High‐risk and intermediate‐high–risk results from the ThyroSeq v2 and v3 thyroid genomic classifier are associated with neoplasia: Independent performance assessment at an academic institution
Authors: Jug Rachel , Foo Wen‐Chi , Jones Claudia , Ahmadi Sara , Jiang Xiaoyin “Sara” 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe ThyroSeq panel tests for genetic alterations to risk‐stratify cytologically indeterminate nodules. The authors assessed the test performance of the tests, including the latest version (v3), at an academic center.MethodsResults from ThyroSeq testing (v2 and v3) were reviewed over 2 years, and patient demographics, cytology diagnoses, results of ThyroSeq testing, and histopathologic diagnoses on resection (if available) were collected.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐five nodules were tested from 178 patients, including 94 nodules tested with v2 and 91 nodules tested with v3. Overall, 28 of 185 nodules (15%) yielded a high‐risk or intermediate‐high–risk mutation (HRM). Of the patients with these nodules, 19 of 25 (76%) had neoplastic nodules, and 11 of 25 (44%) had a malignancy or a noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP). Only 16 of 147 nodules (11%) that were negative or had low‐risk genetic alterations underwent resection, with 1 false‐negative result (a papillary thyroid carcinoma tested with v2). No false‐negative results were identified with v3. Two nodules had TP53 mutations identified, both of which were benign on resection. Nodules with HRM that were tested with v2 and v3 had a positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy of 57% and 39%, respectively, and a PPV for neoplasm of 86% and 72%, respectively. The negative predictive values for v2 and v3 were 92% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsThe PPV of an HRM result on ThyroSeq v3 was low for malignancy or NIFTP, and the PPV for neoplasm was higher. RAS‐type mutations were the most commonly identified in both benign and malignant nodules. Thyroseq v3 had a lower PPV for both malignancy/NIFTP and neoplasm than v2 but did not produce any false‐negative results.
The brain of Cataglyphis ants: Neuronal organization and visual projections
Authors: Habenstein Jens , Amini Emad , Grübel Kornelia , el Jundi Basil , Rössler Wolfgang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCataglyphis ants are known for their outstanding navigational abilities. They return to their inconspicuous nest after far‐reaching foraging trips using path integration, and whenever available, learn and memorize visual features of panoramic sceneries. To achieve this, the ants combine directional visual information from celestial cues and panoramic scenes with distance information from an intrinsic odometer. The largely vision‐based navigation in Cataglyphis requires sophisticated neuronal networks to process the broad repertoire of visual stimuli. Although Cataglyphis ants have been subjected to many neuroethological studies, little is known about the general neuronal organization of their central brain and the visual pathways beyond major circuits. Here, we provide a comprehensive, three‐dimensional neuronal map of synapse‐rich neuropils in the brain of Cataglyphis nodus including major connecting fiber systems. In addition, we examined neuronal tracts underlying the processing of visual information in more detail. This study revealed a total of 33 brain neuropils and 30 neuronal fiber tracts including six distinct tracts between the optic lobes and the cerebrum. We also discuss the importance of comparative studies on insect brain architecture for a profound understanding of neuronal networks and their function.
A multimodal deep architecture for traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis
Authors: Dai Yinglong , Wang Guojun , Dai Jianhua , Geman Oana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is found on a long‐term medical practice in China. Rare human brains can fully grasp the deep TCM knowledge derived from a tremendous amount of experience. In this big data era, a big electronic brain might be competent via deep learning techniques. For this prospect, the electronic brain needs to process various heterogeneous data, such as images, texts, audio signals, and other sensory data. It used to be a challenge to analyze the heterogeneous data by the computer‐aided system until the advances of the powerful deep learning tools. We propose a multimodal deep learning framework to mimic a TCM practitioner to diagnose a patient on the basis of multimodal perceptions of see, listen, smell, ask, and touch. The framework learns common representations from various high‐dimensional sensory data, and fuse the information for final classification. We propose to use conceptual alignment deep neural networks to embed prior knowledge and obtain interpretable latent representations. We implement a multimodal deep architecture to process tongue image and description text data for TCM diagnosis. Experiments illustrate that the multimodal deep architecture can extract effective features from heterogeneous data, produce interpretable representations, and finally achieve a higher accuracy than either corresponding unimodal architectures.
Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin a biomarker for bacterial‐induced pharyngeal infection—A pilot study
Authors: Walvik Lena , Kirchmann Malene , Jensen Claus Antonio Juel , Kristiansen Søren , Hansen Lennart Friis , Howitz Michael Frantz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesNeutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) is secreted from activated neutrophil granulocytes and is considered an acute phase protein. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether the NGAL concentration in saliva increases in response to a bacterial throat infection and identify pitfalls, which shall be taken into account in a protocol in a larger hypothesis testing study.MethodsSaliva samples for measurement of NGAL concentration where obtained from cases with an acute throat infection (n= 21) and controls (n= 24). Among cases, plasma NGAL, plasma CRP, and whole blood leukocytes, were measured as well.ResultsThere was no significant difference in NGAL saliva concentration between cases and controls overall (p= .31). For both cases and controls, the saliva NGAL concentration decreased significantly after cleansing the mouth with tap water (casesp= .01; controlsp= .01). Among cases, a significant positive correlation between saliva NGAL concentrations before mouth cleansing and plasma CRP concentrations (p= .001) was observed. Blood neutrophil granulocyte count presented a nonsignificant positive correlation to saliva NGAL (p= .07).ConclusionWe could not demonstrate a simple association between the salivary NGAL concentration and pharyngeal bacterial infection. Furthermore, the salivary NGAL concentrations were higher among some controls than cases, suggesting that cofounders for example, periodontitis, uneven salivary dilution level, or other exogenous factors affect salivary NGAL content.
Type I interferon shapes the quantity and quality of the anti‐Zika virus antibody response
Authors: Lee Cheryl Yi‐Pin , Carissimo Guillaume , Chen Zheyuan , Lum Fok‐Moon , Abu Bakar Farhana , Rajarethinam Ravisankar , Teo Teck‐Hui , Torres‐Ruesta Anthony , Renia Laurent , Ng Lisa FP 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito‐borne flavivirus that re‐emerged in 2015. The association between ZIKV and neurological complications initiated the development of relevant animal models to understand the mechanisms underlying ZIKV‐induced pathologies. Transient inhibition of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway through the use of an IFNAR1‐blocking antibody, MAR1‐5A3, could efficiently permit active virus replication in immunocompetent animals. Type I IFN signalling is involved in the regulation of humoral responses, and thus, it is crucial to investigate the potential effects of type I IFN blockade towards B‐cell responses.MethodsIn this study, comparative analysis was conducted using serum samples collected from ZIKV‐infected wild‐type (WT) animals either administered with or without MAR1‐5A3.ResultsSerological assays revealed a more robust ZIKV‐specific IgG response and subtype switching upon inhibition of type I IFN due to the abundance of antigen availability. This observation was corroborated by an increase in germinal centres, plasma cells and germinal centre B cells. Interestingly, although both groups of animals recognised different B‐cell linear epitopes in the E and NS1 regions, there was no difference in neutralising capacity. Further characterisation of these epitopes in the E protein revealed a detrimental role of antibodies that were generated in the absence of type I IFN.ConclusionThis study highlights the role of type I IFN in shaping the anti‐ZIKV antibody response to generate beneficial antibodies and will help guide development of better vaccine candidates triggering efficient neutralising antibodies and avoiding detrimental ones.
Interference‐resilient spectrum sharing with collision detection and data recovery for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Javed Imran , Loan Asim , Mahmood Waqar 
Published: April 2020

SummaryData recovery under collision of primary/secondary users in cognitive radio networks is largely an unaddressed problem. Existing approaches require either (a) retransmissions, (b) interference‐free alignment of transmission parameters, or (c) prior knowledge for data recovery. In contrast to the existing approaches, the paper proposes estimation of channel state information based on received collided frames and recommends techniques for spectrum sharing, collision detection, and data recovery. Specifically, based on estimated channel vector, interference‐resilient spectrum‐sharing protocol and techniques are proposed for (a) identification of primary user (PU) activity before (or during) secondary user's (SU's) transmission, (b) MIMO channel estimation under collision, (c) optimal pilot permutation, and (d) interference cancellation (with/without receiver diversity). Results are reported for different baseband modulation techniques under frequency selective/flat fading channel scenarios that demonstrate the efficacy of a proposed work.
A wrapper‐based feature selection for improving performance of intrusion detection systems
Authors: Samadi Bonab Maryam , Ghaffari Ali , Soleimanian Gharehchopogh Farhad , Alemi Payam 
Published: April 2020

SummaryAlong with expansion in using of Internet and computer networks, the privacy, integrity, and access to digital resources have been faced with permanent risks. Due to the unpredictable behavior of network, the nonlinear nature of intrusion attempts, and the vast number of features in the problem environment, intrusion detection system (IDS) is regarded as the main problem in the security of computer networks. A feature selection technique helps to reduce complexity in terms of both the executive load and the storage by selecting the optimal subset of features. The purpose of this study is to identify important and key features in building an IDS. To improve the performance of IDS, this paper proposes an IDS that its features are optimally selected using a new hybrid method based on fruit fly algorithm (FFA) and ant lion optimizer (ALO) algorithm. The simulation results on the dataset KDD Cup99, NSL‐KDD, and UNSW‐NB15 have shown that the FFA–ALO has an acceptable performance according to the evaluation criteria such as accuracy and sensitivity than previous approaches.
Cytohistological correlation in serous effusions using the newly proposed International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology: Experience of an oncological center
Authors: Lobo Cláudia , Costa João , Petronilho Sara , Monteiro Paula , Leça Luís , Schmitt Fernando 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCytological analysis is part of the initial etiological evaluation of serous effusions. The newly proposed International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (ISRSFC) aims to standardize reporting.MethodsAll pleural and peritoneal effusion samples admitted for cytological analysis at our institution between 2012 and 2016, and pericardial effusion samples admitted between 2008 and 2018, were reviewed and reclassified according to the ISRSFC. Risk of malignancy (ROM) and performance parameters were calculated.Results1496 pleural effusion samples were reclassified: 12(0.8%) non‐diagnostic (ND), 944(63.1%) negative for malignancy (NFM), 9(0.6%) atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 54(3.6%) suspicious of malignancy (SFM) and 477(31.9%) malignant (M). 64 pericardial effusion samples were reclassified: 23(35.9%) NFM, 1(1.6%) AUS, 4(6.3%) SFM and 36(56.2%) M. 763 peritoneal effusion samples were reclassified: 5(0.7%) ND, 457(59.9%) NFM, 12(1.6%) AUS, 37(4.8%) SFM and 252(33%) M. The ROM was, respectively, for each of the aforementioned categories, 57.1%, 23.9%, 50%, 76.2%, 100% in pleural effusions, 100%, 26.3%, 62.5%, 91.7%, 100% in peritoneal effusions and 0% for NFM, 0% for AUS and 100% for M in pericardial effusions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were, respectively, 61.6%, 100%, 100%, 73.3%, 81.3% for pleural, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% for pericardial and 61.2%, 100%, 100%, 70%, 79.7% for peritoneal effusion samples.ConclusionSerous effusion cytology has a high specificity and positive predictive value and a modest sensitivity and negative predictive value, supporting its role in confirming the diagnosis of malignancy. The ISRSFC will increase standardization and reproducibility in reporting, leading to improved clinical decision‐making.
Impact of field‐realistic doses of glyphosate and nutritional stress on mosquito life history traits and susceptibility to malaria parasite infection
Authors: Bataillard Danaé , Christe Philippe , Pigeault Romain 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlyphosate is the world's most widely used herbicide. The commercial success of this molecule is due to its nonselectivity and its action, which would supposedly target specific biosynthetic pathways found mainly in plants. Multiple studies have however provided evidence for high sensitivity of many nontarget species to glyphosate and/or to formulations (glyphosate mixed with surfactants). This herbicide, found at significant levels in aquatic systems through surface runoffs, impacts life history traits and immune parameters of several aquatic invertebrates' species, including disease‐vector mosquitoes. Mosquitoes, from hatching to emergence, are exposed to aquatic chemical contaminants. In this study, we first compared the toxicity of pure glyphosate to the toxicity of glyphosate‐based formulations for the main vector of avian malaria in Europe, Culex pipiens mosquito. Then we evaluated, for the first time, how field‐realistic dose of glyphosate interacts with larval nutritional stress to alter mosquito life history traits and susceptibility to avian malaria parasite infection. Our results show that exposure of larvae to field‐realistic doses of glyphosate, pure or in formulation, did not affect larval survival rate, adult size, and female fecundity. One of our two experimental blocks showed, however, that exposure to glyphosate decreased development time and reduced mosquito infection probability by malaria parasite. Interestingly, the effect on malaria infection was lost when the larvae were also subjected to a nutritional stress, probably due to a lower ingestion of glyphosate.
Characterizing the floral resources of a North American metropolis using a honey bee foraging assay
Authors: Sponsler Douglas B. , Shump Don , Richardson Rodney T. , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRoughly a third of described insect species visit flowers, making the flower–insect interface one of the chief pillars of global biodiversity. Studying flower–insect relationships at the scale of communities and landscapes has been hindered, however, by the methodological challenges of quantifying landscape‐scale floral resources. This challenge is especially acute in urban landscapes, where traditional floral surveying techniques are ill‐suited to the unique constraints of built environments. To surmount these challenges, we devised a “honey bee foraging assay” approach to floral resource surveying, wherein continuous colony weight tracking and DNA metabarcoding of pollen samples are used to capture both the overall availability and taxonomic composition of floral resources. We deploy this methodology in the complex urban ecosystem of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Our results reveal distinct seasonality of floral resource availability, with pulses of high availability in May, June, and September, and a period of prolonged scarcity in August. Pollen genus richness mirrored this pattern, with peak richness in May and June. The taxonomic composition of pollen samples varied seasonally, reflecting underlying floral phenology, with especially strong turnover between May and June samples and between August and September samples delineating well‐defined spring, summer, and fall floral resource communities. Trait analysis also revealed seasonal structure, with spring samples characterized by trees and shrubs, summer samples including a stronger presence of herbaceous “weeds”, and fall samples dominated by woody vines. Native flora predominated in spring, giving way to a preponderance of exotic flora in summer and fall. At a basic level, this yields insight into the assembly of novel urban floral resource communities, showcasing, for example, the emergence of a woody vine‐dominated fall flora. At an applied level, our data can inform urban land management, such as the design of ecologically functional ornamental plantings, while also providing practical guidance to beekeepers seeking to adapt their management activities to floral resource seasonality. Methodologically, our study demonstrates the potential of the honey bee foraging assay as a powerful technique for landscape‐scale floral resource surveying, provided the inherent biases of honey bee foraging are accounted for in the interpretation of the results.
Use TikTok to engage with future students
Authors: Pavlik Amelia 
Published: April 2020

A Pomeranian in a Santa suit dashing through the snow to Mariah Carey's “All I Want for Christmas Is You”. A group of guys on a mall escalator shaking their hips and singing to Shakira's “Hips Don't Lie.” These TikTok videos might sound completely unrelated to your work, but this popular platform has become key to engaging with prospective students.
Bid and ask prices of index put options: Which predicts the underlying stock returns?
Authors: Chen Jian , Liu Yangshu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, we separately estimate the implied volatility from the bid and ask prices of deep out‐of‐the‐money put options on the S&P500 index. We find that the implied volatility of ask prices has stronger predictive power for stock returns than does the implied volatility of bid prices. We identify two sources of the better performance of the ask price implied volatility: one is its stronger predictive power during economic recessions and in the presence of increasing intermediary capital risk, and the other is its richer information about the future market variance risk premium.
The role of financial investors in determining the commodity futures risk premium
Authors: Isleimeyyeh Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractI develop and test a model to study the interaction between the commodity and stock markets. This study attempts to clarify the debate about the effect of financialization on commodity markets. Theoretically, the futures risk premium is determined by hedging pressure, stock market returns, and the commodity–equity correlation. Empirically, the effect of the stock market on the energy market became significantly greater for the futures risk premium in the period following the 2008 crisis. Furthermore, hedging pressure is a strong explanatory variable for the futures risk premium in various circumstances.
Navigating the impact of COVID‐19 on palliative care for head and neck cancer
Authors: Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Deodhar Jayita , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHealth care services are being confronted by a daily dilemma of who can receive critical care and who cannot. In a palliative care clinic, this apprehension gets exemplified, as these patients have limited life expectancy. The head and neck region further makes things critical, as it comprises of all the sites through which the SARS‐CoV‐2 can be transmitted. This document strives to define the ways in which the head and neck cancer services can contribute to better patient care in a triage context. Practical steps suggested are protective equipment use, ensuring access to critical drugs (such as opioids), greater use of telemedicine consultations, discussing advance care plans, and embracing the role of a wider community support.