bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1H NMR‐based metabonomic evaluation of the pesticides camptothecin and matrine against larvae of Spodoptera litura
Authors: Dai Li‐shang , Tian Hui‐fei , Hang Yang , Wen Chao‐wei , Huang Ying‐hao , Wang Bin‐feng , Hu Jing‐wei , Xu Jia‐ping , Deng Ming‐jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCamptothecin (CPT) and matrine (MAT) have potential as botanical pesticides against several pest species. However, the mechanisms of metabolic and physiological changes in pests induced by CPT and MAT are unknown. In this study, a toxicological test, an NMR‐based metabolomic study, an enzymatic test, and an RT quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) experiment were all conducted to examine the effect of CPT and MAT on Spodoptera litura.RESULTSCPT (0.5–1%) exerted high toxicity against larvae of S. litura and caused growth stagnation and high mortality of larvae. A variety of metabolites were significantly influenced by 0.5% CPT, including several energy‐related metabolites such as trehalose, lactate, succinate, citrate, malate, and fumarate. In contrast, MAT showed low toxicity against larvae and induced almost no changes in hemolymph metabolites of S. litura. Enzymatic tests showed that trehalase activity was significantly decreased in larvae after feeding with 0.5% CPT. RT‐qPCR showed that the transcription levels of alanine aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase were decreased while lactate dehydrogenase was increased in the 0.5% CPT‐treated group.CONCLUSIONSThese data indicate that one of the important mechanisms of CPT against S. litura larvae is via the inhibition of trehalose hydrolysis and glycolysis. Our findings also suggest that CPT exhibits a stronger toxicological effect than MAT against S. litura, which provides basic information for the application of CPT in the control of S. litura or other lepidoptera pests.
Determination of absolute photoionization cross‐sections of some aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Jin Hanfeng , Yang Jiuzhong , Farooq Aamir 
Published: July 2020

RationaleAromatic hydrocarbons play an important role in the formation and growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and soot particles. Measurements of their absolute photoionization cross‐sections (PICSs), that benefit the quantitative investigation of mass spectrometry, are still lacking, however.MethodsPICSs of some aromatic hydrocarbons were measured with tunable synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV‐PIMS). Nitric oxide and benzene were chosen as standard references for PICS calibration, since their photoionization cross‐sections are well documented in the literature. Binary liquid mixtures of the investigated molecules and their specific solvents were used in the measurements.ResultsThe investigated aromatics include naphthalene, phenanthrene, 1‐methylnaphthalene, indene, 2‐/3‐/4‐methylphenylacetylene, 2‐methylindene, diphenylacetylene, 1‐/2‐ethynylnaphthalene and acenaphthylene. Photo‐induced fragments from the molecules were also observed with increasing photon energy.ConclusionsBased on our measurements and literature data, PICSs of most aromatic molecules have very similar values beyond their ionization energies. However, molecules that contain the phenylacetylene structure have PICSs higher than other aromatics.
Predicting hysteresis loops of the soil water characteristic curve from initial drying
Authors: Zhao Yanru , Wen Tiande , Shao Longtan , Chen Rui , Sun Xiaohui , Huang Liping , Chen Xiangsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) is an important tool in soil science and geotechnical applications. Most previous studies on SWCCs are limited to one to three drying‐wetting cycles, mainly because SWCC measurement is complex and time‐consuming. The numerous models that have been proposed to predict hysteresis in SWCCs. In this paper, a novel simplified equation is proposed based on the van Genuchten model, whereby SWCC hysteresis can be easily predicted from the initial drying SWCC. The theory for describing the main wetting curve and main drying curve considers the ink‐bottle effect and entrapped air. Laboratory experiments on silicon micro‐powder (SMP) and Guangxi Guiping clay (GGC) were conducted to determine SWCCs for five drying‐wetting cycles. The proposed equation was verified using the experimental SMP data and data from the literature. The predicted hysteretic SWCCs are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Efficiency of fall versus spring applied urea‐based fertilizers treated with urease and nitrification inhibitors II. Crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Lasisi Ahmed A. , Akinremi Olalekan O. , Kumaragamage Darshani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe urease inhibitor [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)] and the nitrification inhibitor (NI) 3,4‐dimethyl pyrazole phosphate have been reported to conserve urea‐based N fertilizers by reducing N losses. However, their effects on crop yield and N uptake are inconsistent and fall‐applied N fertilizers are usually less efficient than spring applications. We conducted a 2‐yr field study on contrasting soils [Carman sandy loam (CSL) and Portage clay loam (PCL)] on the effects of NBPT with and without NI on grain yield, grain N removal, and crop N uptake from fall and spring surface‐applied urea‐based fertilizers. Fertilizer treatments (75 or 100 kg N ha−1) were urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) with and without NBPT or NBPT + NI. Canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, N removal, and N uptake were not consistently greater for urea and UAN treated with inhibitors than for untreated urea and UAN. The inhibitors’ effect on yield and N uptake was observed in urea treated with NBPT in CSL but not PCL. Although agronomic efficiency was significantly greater for spring‐applied untreated urea or UAN than fall‐applied urea or UAN with and without inhibitors in PCL, no significant difference appeared between fall‐applied urea or UAN treated with inhibitors and spring‐applied untreated urea or UAN in CSL. The N conserved by the inhibitors did not appear in the soil as nitrate‐N. Although inhibitors may reduce N losses, their use to increase yield and bridge the efficiency gap between fall‐ and spring‐applied urea‐based fertilizers may be site‐specific.
Performance of preferential flow models in predicting infiltration through a remolded soil with artificial macropores
Authors: Guertault Lucie , Fox Garey. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPreferential flow in soils contributes to water and contaminant leaching to groundwater and subsurface drains. At practical scales, preferential flow is often neglected due to the lack of consensus or guidance on how to simulate this process. Dual‐permeability (DP) approaches are a standard, but their applicability in practice is limited by the large number of parameters involved. The source‐responsive (SR) model simulates preferential flow as flow films along the walls of macropores that interact with the soil matrix. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the SR model and a DP model with calibration limited to macropore parameters to simulate hydrologic variables of interest for practical applications. Infiltration experiments were conducted in a 150‐cm‐long by 50‐cm‐wide by 40‐cm‐deep soil column with vertical artificial macropores, with preferential flow being the most prevalent flow process. Two macropore configurations and various rainfall rates were tested. The DP model provided relatively accurate predictions of the bottom drainage rates, but inaccurate soil parameter estimates resulted in poor predictions of matrix flow. Critical limitations in the SR model formulation were highlighted, and the model was revised. The refined SR model provided accurate predictions of bottom drainage rates and water contents under steady‐state rainfall. The DP model with a reduced calibration appeared valid to estimate subsurface fluxes with negligible matrix flow. The SR model applicability is limited to steady‐state scenarios with negligible matrix flow. Critical developments are needed for the SR model to be applicable in practice.
Topology and Wilson lines: global aspects of the double copy
Authors: Alfonsi Luigi , White Chris D. , Wikeley Sam 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Kerr-Schild double copy relates exact solutions of gauge and gravity theories. In all previous examples, the gravity solution is associated with an abelian-like gauge theory object, which linearises the Yang-Mills equations. This appears to be at odds with the double copy for scattering amplitudes, in which the non-abelian nature of the gauge theory plays a crucial role. Furthermore, it is not yet clear whether or not global properties of classical fields — such as non-trivial topology — can be matched between gauge and gravity theories. In this paper, we clarify these issues by explicitly demonstrating how magnetic monopoles associated with arbitrary gauge groups can be double copied to the same solution (the pure NUT metric) in gravity. We further describe how to match up topological information on both sides of the double copy correspondence, independently of the nature of the gauge group. This information is neatly expressed in terms of Wilson line operators, and we argue through specific examples that they provide a useful bridge between the classical double copy and the BCJ double copy for scattering amplitudes.
A new numerical scheme for discrete constrained total variation flows and its convergence
Authors: Giga Yoshikazu , Sakakibara Koya , Taguchi Kazutoshi , Uesaka Masaaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new numerical scheme for a spatially discrete model of total variation flows whose values are constrained to a Riemannian manifold. The difficulty of this problem is that the underlying function space is not convex; hence it is hard to calculate a minimizer of the functional with the manifold constraint even if it exists. We overcome this difficulty by “localization technique” using the exponential map and prove a finite-time error estimate. Finally, we show a few numerical results for the target manifolds$$S^2$$S2andSO(3).
Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Lung Cancer Lobectomy—Analysis of Risk Factors and Prognosis
Authors: Ishibashi Hironori , Wakejima Ryo , Asakawa Ayaka , Baba Shunichi , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Seto Katsutoshi , Kobayashi Masashi , Okubo Kenichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after pulmonary lobectomy ranges from 6.4 to 12.6%. This study aimed to analyze the postoperative risk factors and prognosis for POAF in lobectomy for lung cancer.MethodsData were collected from patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy from April 2010 to March 2019. We analyzed risk factors for POAF among perioperative factors and compared postoperative complications or overall survival between POAF and non‐POAF groups. We classified POAF as either the temporary or non‐temporary type and compared perioperative factors, postoperative complications, and overall survival.ResultsPOAF was identified in 49 (5.2%) of the 947 lobectomies. The POAF group included more males, patients with poor performance status (PS), history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and intraoperative blood transfusions. Poor PS, COPD, previous paroxysmal AF, and intraoperative blood transfusion were independent risk factors for POAF in multivariate analysis. The POAF group had a poorer prognosis than the non‐POAF group (p = 0.0045). POAF was divided into 29 temporary and 20 non‐temporary types. The onset date of non‐temporary‐type POAF was significantly later than that of the transient type (P < 0.01), and diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in non‐temporary‐type POAF. Non‐temporary‐type POAF had a significantly poorer prognosis in terms of overall survival (p = 0.005).ConclusionsPoor PS, COPD, history of PAF, and intraoperative blood transfusion were independent risk factors for POAF. Non‐temporary‐type POAF occurred significantly later than transient type and caused poorer prognosis after lobectomy for lung cancer.
Global Gender Differences in Pilonidal Sinus Disease: A Random‐Effects Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Luedi Markus M. , Schober Patrick , Stauffer Verena K. , Diekmann Maja , Doll Dietrich 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is traditionally associated with young male patients. While PSD is rare in Asia and Africa, lifestyles are changing considerably throughout the so‐called developed world. We question that PSD is an overwhelmingly male disease and that the proportion of women suffering from PSD is worldwide evenly distributed in a homogenous matter.MethodsWe analysed the world literature published between 1833 and 2018, expanding on the database created by Stauffer et al. Following correction for gender bias with elimination of men‐only and women‐only studies, data were processed using random‐effects meta‐analysis in the technique of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsThe share of female pilonidal sinus disease patients analysed from all studies available in the world literature is 21%. There are marked regional differences including South America (39%), North America as well as Australia/New Zealand (29%) and Asia (7%), which are highly significant. These results stand fast even if analysis without gender bias corrections was applied.ConclusionThe share of female patients suffering from PSD is considerable. It is time to think of PSD as a disease of both men and women. Previously unknown, there are significant regional differences worldwide; the reason(s) for the regional differences is still unclear.
Are civil liberties contagious? Analysis of determinants of de facto civil rights protection in post-socialist countries
Authors: Lewczuk Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we contribute to the debate on determinants of civil liberties protection by extending the standard approach using spatial components. Our analysis highlights three categories of civil liberties–private civil liberties, political civil liberties and physical integrity rights. The focus of the paper is the region of post-socialist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Our results imply the existence of institutional diffusion of de facto civil liberties protection between countries. What is more, we identify clusters of civil rights protection relevant for post-socialist states. The conclusions are based on an empirical study (a spatial panel Durbin GMM model and Local Moran I statistic).
Rare cancers of unknown etiology: lessons learned from a European multi-center case–control study
Authors: Lynge Elsebeth , Kaerlev Linda , Olsen Jørn , Sabroe Svend , Afonso Noemia , Ahrens Wolfgang , Eriksson Mikael , Merletti Franco , Morales-Suarez-Varelas Maria , Stengrevics Aivars , Guénel Pascal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRare cancers together constitute one fourth of cancers. As some rare cancers are caused by occupational exposures, a systematic search for further associations might contribute to future prevention. We undertook a European, multi-center case–control study of occupational risks for cancers of small intestine, bone sarcoma, uveal melanoma, mycosis fungoides, thymus, male biliary tract and breast. Incident cases aged 35–69 years and sex-and age-matched population/colon cancer controls were interviewed, including a complete list of jobs. Associations between occupational exposure and cancer were assessed with unconditional logistic regression controlled for sex, age, country, and known confounders, and reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Interviewed were 1053 cases, 2062 population, and 1084 colon cancer controls. Male biliary tract cancer was associated with exposure to oils with polychlorinated biphenyls; OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.3–5.9); male breast cancer with exposure to trichloroethylene; OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.1–3.3); bone sarcoma with job as a carpenter/joiner; OR 4.3 (95% CI 1.7–10.5); and uveal melanoma with job as a welder/sheet metal worker; OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.08–3.52); and cook; OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.4–4.3). A confirmatory study of printers enhanced suspicion of 1,2-dichloropropane as a risk for biliary tract cancer. Results contributed to evidence for classification of welding and 1,2-dichloropronane as human carcinogens. However, despite efforts across nine countries, for some cancer sites only about 100 cases were interviewed. The Rare Cancer Study illustrated both the strengths and limitations of explorative studies for identification of etiological leads.
Yield increases due to fungicide control of leaf blotch diseases in wheat and barley as a basis for IPM decision-making in the Nordic-Baltic region
Authors: Jalli Marja , Kaseva Janne , Andersson Björn , Ficke Andrea , Nistrup-Jørgensen Lise , Ronis Antanas , Kaukoranta Timo , Ørum Jens-Erik , Djurle Annika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFungal plant diseases driven by weather factors are common in European wheat and barley crops. Among these, septoria tritici blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), and stagonospora nodorum blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum) are common in the Nordic-Baltic region at variable incidence and severity both in spring and winter wheat fields. In spring barley, net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), scald (Rhynchosporium graminicola, syn. Rhynchosporium commune) and ramularia leaf spot (Ramularia collo-cygni) are common yield limiting foliar diseases. We analysed data from 449 field trials from 2007 to 2017 in wheat and barley crops in the Nordic-Baltic region and explored the differences in severity of leaf blotch diseases between countries and years, and the impact of the diseases on yield. In the experiments, septoria tritici blotch dominated in winter wheat in Denmark and southern Sweden; while in Lithuania, both septoria tritici blotch and tan spot were common. In spring wheat, stagonospora nodorum blotch dominated in Norway and tan spot in Finland. Net blotch and ramularia leaf blotch were the most severe barley diseases over large areas, while scald occurred more locally and had less yield impact in all countries. Leaf blotch diseases, with severity >50% at DC 73–77, caused an average yield loss of 1072 kg/ha in winter wheat and 1114 kg/ha in spring barley across all countries over 5 years. These data verify a large regional and yearly variation in disease severity, distribution and impact on yield, emphasizing the need to adapt fungicide applications to the actual need based on locally adapted risk assessment systems.
Parameter-Dependent Stochastic Optimal Control in Finite Discrete Time
Authors: Jamneshan Asgar , Kupper Michael , Zapata-García José Miguel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe prove a general existence result in stochastic optimal control in discrete time, where controls, taking values in conditional metric spaces, depend on the current information and past decisions. The general form of the problem lies beyond the scope of standard techniques in stochastic control theory, the main novelty is a formalization in conditional metric space and the use of conditional analysis. We illustrate the existence result by several examples such as wealth-dependent utility maximization under risk constraints and utility maximization with a conditional dimension. We also provide a discussion as to how our methods compare to techniques based on random sets.
Rectangular Summation of Multiple Fourier Series and Multi-parametric Capacity
Authors: Perfekt Karl-Mikael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider the class of multiple Fourier series associated with functions in the Dirichlet space of the polydisc. We prove that every such series is summable with respect to unrestricted rectangular partial sums, everywhere except for a set of zero multi-parametric logarithmic capacity. Conversely, given a compact set in the torus of zero capacity, we construct a Fourier series in the class which diverges on this set, in the sense of Pringsheim. We also prove that the multi-parametric logarithmic capacity characterizes the exceptional sets for the radial variation and radial limits of Dirichlet space functions. As a by-product of the methods of proof, the results also hold in the vector-valued setting.
Changes of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 Response to Negative Symptom Improvements in Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Atypical Antipsychotics
Authors: Chao Xue-lin , Jiang Shu-zhen , Xiong Jian-wen , Zhan Jin-qiong , Wei Bo , Chen Chun-nuan , Yang Yuan-jian 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAccumulating evidence suggests that a disruption of early brain development, in which insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) has a crucial role, may underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Our previous study has shown that decreased serum IGF-2 was correlated with the severity of psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia. Here we conducted a prospective observation trial to investigate the effects of atypical antipsychotics on serum IGF-2 level and its relationship with clinical improvements in schizophrenia patients. Thirty-one schizophrenia patients with acute exacerbation and 30 healthy individuals were recruited in this study. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and serum IGF-2 levels were determined using ELISA. We found that schizophrenia patients with acute exacerbation had lower serum IGF-2 levels than control individuals at baseline (P<0.05). After 2 months of atypical antipsychotic treatment, a significant improvement in each PANSS subscore and total score was observed in patients (all P<0.01), and the serum IGF-2 levels of patients were significantly increased compared with those at baseline (203.13±64.62 vs. 426.99±124.26 ng/mL; t =−5.044, P<0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that the changes of serum IGF-2 levels in patients were significantly correlated with the improvements of negative symptoms (r=−0.522, P=0.006). Collectively, our findings demonstrated changes of serum IGF-2 response to improvements of negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients treated with atypical antipsychotics, suggesting that serum IGF-2 might be a treatment biomarker for schizophrenia.
Erratum to: Kinetic Characterization of Tyrosinase-catalyzed Oxidation of Four Polyphenols
Authors: Liu Wan-yu , Zou Cong-ming , Hu Jian-hua , Xu Zi-jun , Si Lu-qin , Liu Jun-jun , Huang Jian-geng 
Published: July 2020

The article “Kinetic Characterization of Tyrosinase-catalyzed Oxidation of Four Polyphenols”, written by Wan-yu LIU, Congming ZOU, Jian-hua HU, Zi-jun XU, Lu-qin SI, Jun-jun LIU, Jian-geng HUANG, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on May 2020 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice, the copyright of the article is changed to © The Author(s) 2020 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution
4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.The original article has been corrected.