bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Principles of Interfacial Dynamic Bonds in Self‐Healing Materials: What are the Parameters?
Authors: Sattar Mohammad Abdul , Patnaik Archita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolymers and polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are extensively used in daily life. However, the growing requirement of advanced PNCs laid persistent environmental issues due to deformation‐induced damage that once formed, does not vanish at future stages. Therefore, self‐healing materials with significantly enhanced long life and safety have been designed to epitomize the forefront of recent advances in materials chemistry and engineering. Self‐healing PNC (SH‐PNCs) materials are a class of smart composites in which nanoparticles induce interfacial reconstruction via multiple covalent and non‐covalent interactions culminating in improved mechanical strength and self‐healing capability. However, since the filler nanoparticles are independent of the reversible supramolecular network, the filler incorporation destroys the self‐healing ability but could enhance the mechanical strength. Hence, the molecular parameters controlling the alliance of robust mechanical strength with virtuous self‐healing ability is a crucial challenge. Herein, we review the latest developments that have been made in self‐healing materials and puts advancing insights into the fabrication of SH‐PNCs in which the combination of covalent bonds and non‐covalent interactions provides an optimal balance between their mechanical performance and self‐healing capability. We highlight the importance of specific entropic, enthalpic changes, polymer chain conformations and flexibility that enable the reconstruction of damaged surface and physical reshuffling of dynamic bonds at the interface of cut surfaces.
Recent advances in computational methods for biosensor design
Authors: Khoshbin Zahra , Housaindokht Mohammad R. , Izadyar Mohammad , Bozorgmehr Mohammad R. , Verdian Asma 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiosensors are analytical tools with a great application in healthcare, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. They are of considerable interest to be designed by using cost‐effective and efficient approaches. Designing biosensors with improved functionality or application in new target detection has been converted to a fast‐growing field of biomedicine and biotechnology branches. Experimental efforts have led to valuable successes in the field of biosensor design; however, some deficiencies restrict their utilization for this purpose. Computational design of biosensors is introduced as a promising key to eliminate the gap. A set of reliable structure prediction of the biosensor segments, their stability, and accurate descriptors of molecular interactions are required to computationally design biosensors. In this review, we provide a comprehensive insight into the progress of computational methods to guide the design and development of biosensors, including molecular dynamics simulation, quantum mechanics calculations, molecular docking, virtual screening, and a combination of them as the hybrid methodologies. By relying on the recent advances in the computational methods, an opportunity emerged for them to be complementary or an alternative to the experimental methods in the field of biosensor design.
Randomized trial assessing impact of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiome and clinical outcome from targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Dizman Nazli , Hsu JoAnn , Bergerot Paulo G. , Gillece John D. , Folkerts Megan , Reining Lauren , Trent Jeffrey , Highlander Sarah K. , Pal Sumanta K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies suggest a link between the gut microbiome and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) outcomes, including evidence that mRCC patients possess a lower abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. compared to healthy adults. We sought to assess if a Bifidobacterium‐containing yogurt product could modulate the gut microbiome and clinical outcome from vascular endothelial growth factor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF‐TKIs). mRCC patients initiating VEGF‐TKIs, regardless of the line of therapy, were randomized to probiotic‐supplemented (two 4 oz. servings of the probiotic yogurt product daily) or probiotic‐restricted arms. Stool samples were collected prior to therapy and at weeks 2, 3, 4, and 12. Microbiome composition was assessed using whole‐metagenome sequencing. A total of 20 patients were randomized. Bifidobacterium animalis, the active ingredient of the probiotic supplement, reached detectable levels in all patients in the probiotic‐supplemented arm versus two patients in the probiotic‐restricted arm. Clinical benefit rate was similar in probiotic‐supplemented versus probiotic‐restricted arms (70% vs. 80%, p = 0.606). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size analysis of MetaPhIAn2 abundance data predicted 25 enriched species demonstrating an LDA score >3 in either clinical benefit or no clinical benefit. In patients with clinical benefit (vs. no clinical benefit), Barnesiella intestinihominis and Akkermansia muciniphila were significantly more abundant (p = 7.4 × 10−6 and p = 5.6 × 10−3, respectively). This is the first prospective randomized study demonstrating modulation of the gut microbiome with a probiotic in mRCC. Probiotic supplementation successfully increased the Bifidobacterium spp. levels. Analysis of longitudinal stool specimens identified an association between B. intestinihominis, A. muciniphila, and clinical benefit with therapy.Trial Registration: NCT02944617
Cyanine Dyes Containing Quinoline Moieties: History, Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Applications
Authors: Ilina Kristina , Henary Maged 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCyanine dyes carrying quinoline moieties are an important class of organic molecules that are of great interest for applications in many fields like medicine, pharmacology, and engineering. Despite their exceptional properties, such as stability, high molar extinction coefficients, and high pH‐sensitivity, this class of dyes has been less analyzed and reviewed in the last few decades. Therefore, this review article focuses on discussing the history of quinoline compounds, various synthetic routes to prepare quinolinium salts and symmetrical and asymmetrical mono‐, di‐, tri‐, penta‐ and heptamethine cyanine dyes, containing quinoline moieties, together with their optical properties and applications as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, probes in biomolecules for labeling of nucleic acids, as well as imaging agents.
Self‐Assembled FeSe2 Microspheres with High‐Rate Capability and Long‐Term Stability as Anode Material for Sodium‐ and Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xin Wen , Chen Nan , Wei Zhixuan , Wang Chunzhong , Chen Gang , Du Fei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries have attracted intensive attention recently as low‐cost alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries with naturally abundant resources. However, the large ionic radii of Na+ and K+ render their slow mobility, leading to sluggish diffusion in host materials. Herein, hierarchical FeSe2 microspheres assembled by closely packed nano/microrods are rationally designed and synthesized through a facile solvothermal method. Without carbonaceous material incorporation, the electrode delivers a reversible Na+ storage capacity of 559 mA h g−1 at a current rate of 0.1 A g−1 and a remarkable rate performance with a capacity of 525 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1. As for K+ storage, the FeSe2 anode delivers a high reversible capacity of 393 mA h g−1 at 0.4 A g−1. Even at a high current rate of 5 A g−1, a discharge capacity of 322 mA h g−1 can be achieved, which is among the best high‐rate anodes for K+ storage. The excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the favorable morphological structure and the use of an ether‐based electrolyte during cycling. Moreover, quantitative study suggests a strong pseudocapacitive contribution, which boosts fast kinetics and interfacial storage.
Sulfonated 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Proton Conduction
Authors: Yang Zongfan , Chen Pei , Hao Wenjing , Xie Zhen , Feng Yu , Xing Guolong , Chen Long 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOpen 1D channels found in covalent organic frameworks are unique and promising to serve as pathways for proton conduction; how to develop high‐rate yet stable transporting systems remains a substantial challenge. Herein, this work reports a strategy for exploring proton‐conducting frameworks by engineering pore walls and installing proton‐containing polymers into the pores. Amide‐linked and sulfonated frameworks were synthesized from imine‐linked precursors via sequentially engineering to oxidize into amide linkages and to further anchor sulfonic acid groups onto the pore walls, enabling the creation of sulfonated frameworks with high crystallinity and channel ordering. Integrating sulfonated polyether ether ketone chains into the open channels enables proton hopping to across the channels, greatly increases proton conductivity and enables a stable continuous run. These results suggest a way to explore proton‐conducting COFs via systematic engineering of the wall and space of the open nanochannels.
Bioequivalence of Metformin in Ertugliflozin/Metformin Fixed‐Dose Combination Tablets to Canadian‐Sourced Metformin Coadministered With Ertugliflozin Under Fasted and Fed States
Authors: Dawra Vikas Kumar , Pelletier Kathleen , Matschke Kyle , Shi Haihong , Hickman Anne , Zhou Susan , Krishna Rajesh , Sahasrabudhe Vaishali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA fixed‐dose combination (FDC) product of a selective sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ertugliflozin and immediate‐release metformin is approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States, European Union countries, Canada, and other countries. Two studies were conducted to assess the bioequivalence of metformin in the ertugliflozin/metformin FDC tablets to the corresponding doses of Canadian‐sourced metformin (Glucophage) coadministered with ertugliflozin. Both studies were phase 1 randomized, open‐label, 2‐period, single‐dose crossover studies (n = 32) in which healthy subjects received an ertugliflozin/metformin FDC tablet (2.5/500 mg or 7.5/850 mg) and the respective doses of the individual components (ertugliflozin coadministered with Canadian‐sourced metformin) under fasted (n = 18) or fed (n = 14) conditions. Blood samples were collected 72 hours postdose to determine metformin concentrations. The 90% confidence intervals were within the bioequivalence acceptance criteria for the adjusted geometric mean ratios (FDC:coadministered) for metformin area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero to time t, where t is the last point with a measurable concentration and peak observed plasma concentration for both dose strengths under fasted and fed conditions. All study medications were well tolerated. Bioequivalence was demonstrated for the metformin component of the ertugliflozin/metformin FDC tablets and the corresponding doses of the Canadian‐sourced metformin coadministered with ertugliflozin.
Exploring fine fescues as an option for low‐input golf greens in the north‐central USA
Authors: Petrella Dominic P. , Bauer Sam , Horgan Brian P. , Watkins Eric 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is a need to reduce inputs on golf course putting greens. In the north‐central United States, the use of alternative species, like fine fescues (Festuca spp.), could be part of a solution, but information is needed on management and cultivar choices. Our objectives were twofold: (a) to compare performance of fine fescues (strong creeping red [Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin, STF], slender creeping red [Festuca rubra L. ssp. littoralis (G. Mey.) Auquier, SLF], Chewings [Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata Gaudin, CHF], and hard fescue [Festuca brevipila Tracey, HDF]) to bentgrasses (creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L., CRB], and colonial bentgrass [Agrostis capillaris L., CLB]) managed as low‐input greens treated with 0, 48.9, 97.7, or 195.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1 during 2017–2018; and (b) to evaluate multiple fine fescue cultivars for multiyear performance when maintained as low‐input greens in St. Paul, MN. In 2017, CHF and SLF maintained the highest quality of the fine fescues and maintained higher quality at low N compared with both bentgrasses, primarily due to less dollar spot (Clarireedia spp.). During 2018, fine fescue responses to N were similar to those in 2017, but summer patch (Magnaporthe spp.) disease resulted in decline of some taxa. In the cultivar study, top‐performing cultivars were CHF, most of which performed similarly. However, SLF and STF cultivars performed more variably. Chewings fescue and SLF maintained with 48.9–97.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 may be alternatives to CRB for low‐input greens in the north‐central United States, primarily due to reduced dollar spot.
Benefit Sharing for Human Genomics Research: Awareness and Expectations of Genomics Researchers in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Munung Nchangwi Syntia , de Vries Jantina 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBenefit sharing is an ethical issue that underscores the need to find a balance between access to genetic resources and the provision of fair benefits in exchange for access. The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) is one of the few initiatives to have engaged with the topic of benefit sharing in human genomics. However, there is a lack of clarity on what benefit sharing entails in human genomics research and how it could be implemented in practice. This paper reports on a qualitative study that explored the views and expectations of benefit sharing by a group of genomics researchers in sub‐Saharan Africa. Overall, while there was little awareness of benefit sharing among the researchers, there was support for benefit sharing in human genetics, and this was based on principles of fairness, solidarity, and reciprocity. This in‐depth explorative study demonstrates the need for genomics research consortia in Africa to have open discussions on benefit sharing and to develop ethics frameworks for benefit sharing in population genomics studies in Africa. HUGO's statement on benefit sharing and the Nagoya Protocol could provide guidance.
Evolutionary origins of taro (Colocasia esculenta) in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ahmed Ibrar , Lockhart Peter J. , Agoo Esperanza M. G. , Naing Kyaw W. , Nguyen Dzu V. , Medhi Dilip K. , Matthews Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs an ancient clonal root and leaf crop, taro (Colocasia esculenta, Araceae) is highly polymorphic with uncertain genetic and geographic origins. We explored chloroplast DNA diversity in cultivated and wild taros, and closely related wild taxa, and found cultivated taro to be polyphyletic, with tropical and temperate clades that appear to originate in Southeast Asia sensu lato. A third clade was found exclusively in wild populations from Southeast Asia to Australia and Papua New Guinea. Our findings do not support the hypothesis of taro domestication in Papua New Guinea, despite archaeological evidence for early use or cultivation there, and the presence of apparently natural wild populations in the region (Australia and Papua New Guinea).
Development of real‐time vibration measurement system by fiber Bragg gratings with pulse light
Authors: Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Sugimoto Yamato , Shinoda Yukitaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe developed a vibration measurement system by fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with a pulse light. The pulse light is produced by modulating a broadband light with an optical fiber switch at a modulation frequency of 40 kHz. This system enables to separate and detect reflection signals from multiple FBGs like a pulse train. This system achieves multipoint and real‐time vibration measurement by FBGs with a time resolution of 25 µs.
Analgesic effect of music during wound care among patients with diaphyseal tibial fractures: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ferraz Maria Cristina Leite , Santana‐Santos Eduesley , Pinto Jonas Santana , Nunes Ribeiro Caíque Jordan , Santana Joyce Francielle Nei Bomfim , Alves José Antonio Barreto , Ribeiro Maria do Carmo de Oliveira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence is scarce regarding the analgesic effect of music for the relief of acute pain during the care of surgical tibial fracture wounds.ObjectiveTo evaluate the analgesic effect of music on acute procedural pain during the care of surgical tibial fracture wounds.MethodThis was a randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial with 70 patients in the immediate postoperative period for diaphyseal tibial fracture surgery. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: a control group (CG), in which patients received only the institution's standard analgesia, and an intervention group (IG) composed of patients receiving a 30‐min session of music of their own choice, as a complementary method to the institution's standard analgesia. Pain was evaluated during the first postoperative dressing change, using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS).ResultsThe sample was homogeneously composed of men (91.4%), young adults (61.4%), without previous diseases (88.6%) and whose traumas were related to a motorcycle crash (84.3%). The main musical genres chosen by participants were the most popular in their region (61.4%). Those who listened to music presented lower pain scores when compared with those in the CG (IG:2.4 ± 2.4 versus CG:5.8 ± 2.7; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.171; p < 0.001).ConclusionListening to music is effective for relieving acute procedural pain during the first post‐operative tibial fracture dressing change. Music should be incorporated into the multimodal analgesia protocols for management of orthopedic postoperative wound care‐related pain.SignificancePatients with diaphyseal tibial fractures that listened to music before and during the wound dressing change showed less pain when compared to those who received the standardized pharmacologic analgesia alone.
Effects on Apical Outcomes of Regulatory Relevance of Early-Life Stage Exposure of Double-Crested Cormorant Embryos to 4 Environmental Chemicals
Authors: Crump Doug , Boulanger Emily , Farhat Amani , Williams Kim L. , Basu Niladri , Hecker Markus , Head Jessica A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Environmental risk assessment is often challenged by a lack of toxicity data for ecological species. The overall goal of the present study was to employ an avian early-life stage toxicity test to determine the effects of 4 chemicals (benzo[a]pyrene [BaP], chlorpyrifos, fluoxetine hydrochloride [FLX], and ethinyl estradiol [EE2]) on an ecologically relevant avian species, the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), and to compare our results with those we previously reported for a laboratory model species, Japanese quail. Chemicals were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and administered via air cell injection to fertilized, unincubated double-crested cormorant eggs at 3 nominal concentrations, the highest selected to approximate the 20% lethal dose. Of the 4 chemicals, only chlorpyrifos and FLX were detected in liver tissue of embryos at midincubation (day 14) and termination (day 26; 1–2 d prior to hatch); EE2 and BaP were not detectable, suggesting embryonic clearance/metabolism. No apical effects were observed in double-crested cormorant embryos up to the highest concentrations of chlorpyrifos (no-observed-effect level [NOEL] = 25 µg/g) or FLX (NOEL = 18 µg/g). Exposure to EE2 reduced embryonic viability and increased deformities at a concentration of 2.3 µg/g (NOEL = 0.18 µg/g), and BaP decreased embryonic viability (median lethal dose = 0.015 µg/g; NOEL = 0.0027 µg/g). Compared with Japanese quail, double-crested cormorant were more sensitive with regard to embryolethality and deformities for EE2 and embryolethality for BaP, whereas they were less sensitive to embryonic deformities associated with chlorpyrifos exposure. These data reinforce the idea that standardized toxicity tests using a laboratory model species may not always be protective of wild birds, and thus they stress the importance of developing such alternative testing strategies (e.g., the EcoToxChip Project) for ecologically relevant species to augment risk assessment efforts. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:390–401. © 2020 SETAC
Permissionless proof‐of‐reputation‐X: A hybrid reputation‐based consensus algorithm for permissionless blockchains
Authors: Bou Abdo Jacques , El Sibai Rayane , Demerjian Jacques 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver the past years, blockchain technology has become more and more interesting since its ability to carry out transactions without any mediator. To ensure the transactions' reliability, consensus algorithms are adopted by blockchain technology. However, due to the failure of consensus algorithms in managing nodes' identities, blockchain technology is considered inappropriate for many applications. In this article, we propose the permissionless proof‐of‐reputation‐X (PL‐PoRX) that upgrades an existing consensus algorithm, the proof‐of‐reputation‐X (PoRX). PL‐PoRX replaces the trusted identity database in PoRX with a new admission process to make the algorithm suitable for permissionless blockchains, while maintaining PoRX's reputation mechanism. Several experiments are conducted to show the efficiency of our approach under different scenarios. We also debate the security model of the new protocol and study its time complexity. The results show that PL‐PoRX decreases the number of blocks issued by malicious miners, and help benign miners build reputation faster.
Evaluation of thermodynamic properties and antioxidant activities of Achachairu (Garcinia humilis) peels under drying process
Authors: Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , Santos Newton Carlos , Alves Israel Luna , André Anastácia Maria M. C. N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on the drying kinetics of achachairu peels. Empirical and diffusive models were used to describe the drying kinetics and the thermodynamic properties of the process. Both fresh and dehydrated samples were characterized according to their bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. The drying was carried out in an air circulation oven at a speed of 1.5 m s−1at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80°C. Parameters of the effective diffusivity and activation energy were calculated considering the first six terms of Fick's model, and the thermodynamic properties are as follows: enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy. Total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity by ABTS•+and DPPH•, and total tannins using aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts were analysed for both fresh peels and the dehydrated. Page's model was considered to be the most appropriate for describing the drying process that occurred at a decreasing rate from the initial phases until the end of the process; Fick's model showed a higher diffusivity value at a temperature of 80°C. The activation energy of the process ranged from 27.773 to 27.569 kJ mol−1depending on the number of terms used in Fick's model. The thermodynamic properties indicated that the process is endothermic and not spontaneous. The extraction process using solvents with different polarities (water and ethanol) enabled the extraction of phenolic compounds; however, the extraction by 'AE' revealed superior results for AA‐ABTS•+, TT and AA‐DPPH•, the latter not being capable of identifying differences in the fresh sample.