bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF VITEX NEGUNDO AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS
Authors: POONGUZALI J  , KALAIVANI M  
Published: November 2019

Objective: Mosquitoes are one of the most significant vectors among arthropods. Infection due to mosquito plays a major health problem in developing countries. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has disrupted natural biological control systems and led to resurgences in mosquito populations. Plants may be an alternative source of mosquito control, potential as insecticide. Controlling of mosquitoes at the larval stage is easy, as target specificity of the larvicide used can be ensured.
Methods: The present study has assessed the role of larvicidal activity of aqueous, chloroform, and methanol leaf extracts of Vitex negundo plant against first, second, third, and fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Mortality rates were recorded after 24 h and 48 h to evaluate the larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus.
Results: Among the three extracts, the methanol extract was found to be the most effective providing 86.67% mortality at 200 ppm concentration against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus, when compared with aqueous and chloroform extracts, where the mortality rate is 83.33% and 70.00%, respectively.
Conclusions: The results therefore clearly indicate that V. negundo leaf extracts possess larvicidal activity against the larvae and could be a possible source of mosquito larvicides.
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE PLANT CYPERUS TEGETUM ROXB
Authors: ATANU CHATTERJEE  , RITU KHANRA  , PRANABESH CHAKRABORTY  , HIMANGSHU SEKHAR MAJI  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study is to isolate the lead molecules and the antioxidant activity is also evaluated.
Method: Cyperus tegetum Roxb. (Cyperaceae) is found in the tribal area of West Midnapur district of West Bengal, India. It is commonly known as Madur Kathi. Different chromatographic techniques, namely, thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to isolate and identify the different secondary metabolites.
Results: The different spectral studies (nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], infrared [IR], and ultraviolet [UV]) confirmed the presence of stigmasterol as an isolated compound from the extract of C. tegetum (ECT). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, namely, rutin (retention time [Rt]: 3.00), myricetin (Rt: 3.9), and quercetin (Rt: 5.6) and phenolic acids, namely, gallic acid (Rt: 4.0), caffeic acid (Rt: 5.4), chlorogenic acid (Rt: 7.3), and ferulic acid (Rt: 8.8) in ECT. ECT showed strong reducing power, diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical, superoxide anion scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities when compared to standard compounds.
Conclusion: From this study, several flavonoid and phenolic compounds were identified by RP-HPLC analysis. Flavonoids are rutin, quercetin, and myricetin and phenolic compounds are gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, respectively. The different spectral studies (NMR, IR, and UV) confirmed the presence of stigmasterol as an isolated compound from ECT.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC LEAF AND FRUIT EXTRACT OF ZANTHOXYLUM OVALIFOLIUM WIGHT AGAINST DALTON’S LYMPHOMA ASCITES AND EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA CANCER CELL LINES
Authors: PAVANI P  , RAJA NAIKA  
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The objective of the present study, the methanolic leaf and fruit extraction of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium, was examined for in vitro cytotoxicity using trypan blue dye exclusion technique.
Methodology: In vitro cytotoxicity activity of methanolic leaf and fruit extracts of Z. ovalifolium. Against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines evaluated using trypan blue exclusion method. Non-viable cell absorbs blue color of trypan blue while viable cell does not absorb the dye. The percentage of total number of viable and non-viable cells is calculated using % viability=(live cell count/total cell count)×100.
Results: Cytotoxicity activity of methanolic leaf and fruit extract against chosen tumor cell line at different concentrations of 10, 20, 50,100, and 200 μg/ml, respectively. The result confirmed that the fruit extract at 200 showed less toxic effect against DLA and EAC cell line showed 72% and 75% of inhibition growth of cell line and the most potent 80% and 82% of cell death were found in leaf extract against the chosen tumor cell line. The present study indicates that both leaf and fruit extract of Z. ovalifolium were appreciable antitumor activity against DLA and EAC cell lines may be due to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids and alkaloids present in the plant.
Conclusion: Zanthoxylum ovalifolium wight fruit and leaf methanolic extracts showed satisfying result of cytotoxicity activity against DLA and EAC cell line. Hence, Z.ovalifolium could be suggested as an important source of anticancer agent for pharmacological industries.
the FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL BATH SOAP CONTAINING METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF THREE AYURVEDIC VARNYA HERBS
Authors: GANA MANJUSHA K  , BALAKRISHNAIAH P  , SYAMALA R  , MOUNIK N  , RAVI CHANDRA T  
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The ultimate aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate the herbal bath soap using methanolic extracts of three plants having ethnic and dermatological importance in Ayurveda, namely, Hemidesmus indicus, Cyperus rotundus, and Saussurea lappa.
Methods: The roots of H. indicus and S. lappa and rhizomes of C. rotundus were extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus. Then, these extracts were used to make soap by reacting oil and lye in a process of saponification.
Results: The soap made was evaluated for physicochemical characters such as total fatty matter, moisture content, and pH and found to be 77, 5.3%, and 8 and for other parameters, good characteristics were observed.
Discussion: The soap also exhibited good cleaning efficiency in removing microbes on hands.
Conclusion: Hence, based on the antimicrobial effects and parameters, the formulated soap can further be standardized and an alternative to commercial medicinal and skin whitening soaps.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF STATISTICALLY DESIGNED IBUPROFEN FASTDISSOLVING TABLETS EMPLOYING STARCH GLUTAMATE AS A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: SANTOSH KUMAR R  , SAHITHI MUDILI  
Published: November 2019

Objective: The main aim of the present work is to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of the ibuprofen by formulating it into fast-dissolving tablets employing starch glutamate as a novel superdisintegrant.
Materials and Methods: Starch glutamate was prepared from native potato starch and glutamic acid by the esterification process. Drug-excipient compatibility studies were performed between the starch glutamate and ibuprofen with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. Ibuprofen fast dissolving tablets were formulated employing different superdisintegrants along with the starch glutamate (a novel superdisintegrant) by the direct compression method. The prepared ibuprofen fast-dissolving tablets were evaluated for various pre- and post-compression parameters along with the in vitro and in vivo release characteristics. Optimized formulation stability studies were performed at accelerated conditions for 6 months as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and WHO guidelines.
Results: Drug-excipient compatibility studies indicated that prepared starch glutamate was compatible with ibuprofen drug, and it can be used as a superdisintegrant in the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets. Fast-dissolving tablets of ibuprofen were formulated by employing starch glutamate as a superdisintegrant showed good tablet properties and showed an increased dissolution efficiency of the drug. Among all the formulations (F1–F8), the formulation F4 which contains 5% starch glutamate and 5% croscarmellose sodium as superdisintegrants showed 99.7±0.34% drug dissolution within 5 min. Peak plasma concentration of optimized formulation F2 was achieved in a short period of time and increased relative bioavailability and F2 was found to be stable during accelerated stability testing as per the ICH stability guidelines.
Conclusion: From drug-excipient compatibility studies, disintegration time, in vitro dissolution studies, and pharmacokinetic studies, it was concluded that starch glutamate can be used as a superdisintegrant in the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets to increase the solubility as well as bioavailability of the poorly soluble drugs.
REDUCTION OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA AND INTERFERON-GAMMA CONCENTRATION ON TUBERCULOSIS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AS A MARKER IN DECREASE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Authors: NELLY MARISSA  , NUR RAMADHAN  , SARI HANUM  , MARLINDA  , EKA FITRIA  , ABIDAH NUR  
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study aimed to determine the decreased immune response of tuberculosis (TB) with diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.
Methods: A total of 105 TB patients who were undergoing treatment at health centers and hospitals in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar were included in this study. Data collection was carried out by interviewed to obtained demographic and respondent categories based on the diagnosis. Measurements of height and weight were also conducted to obtain body mass index data. 5 mL peripheral blood was taken from each respondent group into a TB with DM (TB+DM) and TB without DM (TB-DM). The blood tested usage tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) using IFN-γ release assay.
Results: The average concentration of both TNF-α and IFN-γ was higher in TB-DM group (TNF-a 5.2 pg/mL; IFN-g 1.5 IU/mL) than in TB+DM group (TNF-a 2.06 pg/mL; IFN-g 2.86 IU/mL). There were significant differences in TNF-α between the two groups but no significant differences in IFN-γ protein concentration.
Conclusion: The immune response of TB patients with DM symptoms was markedly reduced by the decreased expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ.
The Canadian Journal of Higher Education/La Revue canadienne d’enseignement supérieur
Authors: Pidgeon Michelle Elizabeth , Pullman Ashley , Archer Walter , Groleau Amélie 
Published: November 2019

The Canadian Journal of Higher Education (CJHE) has been the sole journal for higher education scholarship in Canada for over 40 years, and is the primary source of commentary on trends and relevant research in the Canadian postsecondary context. Since its inauguration in 1971, the CJHE has promoted both English- and French- language higher education research, and the shi from a print to open access journal in 2009 further promoted the accessibility of this scholarship. Along with documenting the success and growth of the CJHE, this article highlights ongoing production challenges and the need to support greater diversity in regard to language, themes, and authorship. It concludes by presenting a vision plan for the future – an articulation of hopes for the field of higher education in Canada.
RésuméLa Revue canadienne d’enseignement supérieur (RCES) est l’unique revue savante dans le domaine de l’enseignement supérieur canadien depuis plus de 40 ans en plus d’être la principale source analyse de tendances et de recherches pertinentes dans le contexte postsecondaire canadien. Depuis son inauguration en 1971, la Revue s’est employée à promouvoir la recherche sur l’éducation supérieure en langue anglaise et française, et le passage en 2009 d’une publication papier à une publication en libre accès a contribué encore davantage à l’accessibilité de ce domaine de connaissances. En plus de documenter le succès et l’essor de la Revue canadienne d’enseignement supérieur, nous soulignons les défis de production actuels ainsi que la nécessité de soutenir une plus grande diversité en ce qui a trait à la langue de publication, aux thèmes des articles et aux auteurs potentiels. Nous concluons en présentant la notre plan d’avenir qui articule nos espoirs concernant le champ de l’enseignement supérieur au Canada.
Encounters in Theory and History of Education/Encuentros en Teoría e Historia de la Educación/Rencontres en Théorie et Histoire de l’Éducation
Authors: Brennan Kathleen PJ 
Published: November 2019

Rosa Bruno-Jofré (Queen’s University, Canada) and Gonzalo Jover Olmeda (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain) co-founded Encounters in Theory and History of Education in 2000. Encounters was created to support scholarly work on the theory and history of education and disseminate it to the widest audience possible. With this goal in mind, Encounters has always been completely open access, and publishes articles in English, French, and Spanish. This article explains the history, publication process, and future of Encounters.
Résumé
Rosa Bruno-Jofré (Queen’s University, Canada) et Gonzalo Jover Olmeda (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain) ont co-fondé Rencontres en théorie et histoire de l’éducationen l’an 2000. Ils ont créé Rencontresafin d’appuyer la recherche sur la théorie et l’histoire de l’éducation et la disséminer au plus vaste public possible. Afin d’atteindre ce but, Rencontresa toujours été disponible en libre accès et publie des articles en anglais, français et espagnol. Cet article explique l’histoire, le processus éditorial et l’avenir de Rencontres.
Activity of Muntingia calabura Leaves Ethanolic Extract on Glucose and Insulin Blood Levels in Streptozotocin-induced Rat
Authors: Syahara Suci , Harahap Urip , Widyawati Tri 
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The research aims to determine the effect of Muntingia calabura leaves extract on improving diabetes conditions, by analyzing blood glucose and insulin levels of male Rattus novergicus which is given high fat diet and induce streptozotocin 30 mg/kg BB with a two-week interval.
Design: This research was a purely experimental with pretest and post test control group design. This research was divides into 6 groups. Three treatment groups were treated by Muntingia calabura leaves extract with the doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Other groups are negative control (CMC-Na), positive control (glibenklamid) and normal control.
Interventions: The variables specified in this study are variations in the concentration of extract used. variations in extract concentration are expected to affect the results of glucose concentration and blood insulin in rats.
Main outcome measure: The main parameters measured in this study were rat blood glucose and insulin levels.
Results: The result of this research indicate that the ethanol extract of Muntingia calabura leaves able to reduce blood glucose levels effectively at dose 500 mg/kg (97, 17 mg/dL) so that insulin levels increase well (0,839 µg/mL).
Conclusion: Muntingia calabura leaves ethanol extract can reduce glucose levels and increase blood insulin levels in rats.
Formulation of Furosemide Oral Disintegrating Tablets Using Natural and Synthetic Superdisintegrants by SeDeM Expert Design System
Authors: Shende Mulchand A. , Chavan Kajal D 
Published: November 2019

SeDeM design expert technique used to evaluate the risks of poor flow of pharmaceutical powders under preformulation studies which reveals direct compression suitability and prepare robust composition of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and excipient in tablets formulation. The purpose of this study was to develop oral disintegrating tablets of Furosemide using different concentration of natural and synthetic superdisintegrants by means of SeDeM design technique. Oral disintegrating tablets (ODT) of Furosemide were prepared by direct compression technique using isolated banana powder and croscarmellose sodium (Ac-di-sol) together with microcrystalline cellulose as superdisintegrants. SeDeM design was performed to check suitability and deficient of excipients and drug for optimized composition derived based on IPP value. These tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, weight variation, wetting time and in-vitro dissolution. All the formulations showed low weight variation with dispersion time less than 173.5±0.70 seconds and rapid in-vitro dissolution. The drug content of all the formulations was within the acceptable limits. Lubricated blend composition of F4 found average radius value 5.24, 0.66 and 5.509 for IGC, IP and IPP respectively, compressed tablet shown good physical properties. The optimized formulation F4 showed good release profile with 99.25 percentage drug release compared to other trial batches. It was concluded that natural superdisintegrant (banana powder) showed better disintegrating property than synthetic super disintegrant (Ac-di-sol) in the formulations of ODTs.
Keywords: Furosemide, Oral disintegrating tablets, SeDeM expert system, Superdisintegrants
Enhancement of solubility of Metaclopramide using solid dispersion technique with different carriers (HPβCD, PVP K-30)
Authors: Paul Moumita , Sarkar Pintu , Sengupta Riyanka , Bhunia Saikat , Jana Payal , Kumar Chandan , Mukhopadhyay Goutam 
Published: November 2019

Modern drug discovery has led to the development of drug molecules that exhibit high lipophilicity and poor water solubility, which leads to problematic bioavailability. Approaches have thus been made to enhance dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs through modifications and creation of specific formulations. Metaclopramide is an antiemetic and gastroprokinetic agent, commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting. It is absorbed well after oral administration but a significant first pass effect in some human patients may reduce systemic bioavailability to 30%.The Metaclopramide base is thus modified from Metaclopramide hydrochloride to enhance solubility .This has been achieved by the formulating in solid dispersion since Metaclopramide is poorly water soluble. Though it is absorbed well after oral administration, a significant first pass effect in some patients reduces systemic bioavailability, which can cause adverse side effects. This solid dispersion has then been used through transdermal drug delivery. Enhancement of solubility of poorly water soluble drug by solid dispersion may be attributed to particles modified characters such as particle size reduction, improved wettability, higher porosity, decreased lattice energy, amorphous state. The main objective thus includes modification of drug Metaclopramide hydrochloride to Metaclopramide base, preparation of solid dispersion of modified Metaclopramide base drug which has poor water solubility, experimental analysis of Metaclopramide base drug and solid dispersion products with carriers.
Keywords: solubility, Metaclopramide, solid dispersion, carriers, HPβCD, PVP K-30
An Overview : Natural Bio-enhancer’s in Formulation Development
Authors: Verma Chander Pal Singh , Verma Santosh , Ashawat Mahendra Singh , Pandit Vinay 
Published: November 2019

Bioenhancers are chemical entities that are obtained from synthetic as well as natural sources. They are mainly used in formulation development to enhance the bioavailability of poorly solubilized drug molecule. The ideal characteristic of bioenhancers includes inertness, nontoxic, cost effective and decrease the dose of active constituents. There are lots of natural bioenhancers available such as piperine quercetin niaziridin, genistein, glycrrhyzin, curcumin. The review focus on plant based bioenhancers and their active principle that produces those effects. There is a need of extensive study on natural bioenhancers which can be utilized in formulation development.
Keywords: bioenhancer, bioavailability, piperine, curcumin
Dietary Restriction: A Major Factor in Prophylaxis against Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel , Al-Bader Shaikha 
Published: November 2019

Urolithiasis (Ur) Is A Worldwide Problem That Affects All Groups Of Ages. Nearly 80% Of Renal Stones Are Calcium Oxalate (Cao) And 50% Of The Affected Patients Have Recurrent Disease Within 10 Years. Our Prospective Study Was Conducted Over 4 And ½ Years And Evaluated The Role Of Dietary Manipulation In Prophylaxis Against Cao Ur. A Total Of 212 Patients With Recurrent Cao Ur, Who Lacked Anatomical Or Metabolic Derangement, Were Subjected To A Practical And Specific Diet. The Latter Had: (A) Low Salt, Red-Meat And Green Leafy Vegetable, (B) Moderate Amounts Of Milk, Dairy Products, Poultry And Certain Fish-Items, And (C) High Water Intake (2 Liters/Day). A Total Of 66/70 (96%), 87/108(88%) And 146/167(87.4%) Patients Were Stone-Free By The End Of 1, 2 And 3 Years Of Follow Up. The Median Time For Stone-Free Duration Was 33 (28.7-37.3) Months. Adding A Thiazide And Allopurinol To The 19 Patients Who Had Failed Dietary Prophylaxis Prevented Stone Formation In 16 More Patients Leaving Only 3 True Failures. Four Patients Could Not Tolerate The Latter 2 Drugs For Allergy. In Conclusion; Our Practical Dietary Modification Can Aid In Prophylaxis Against Cao Ur.
Keywords: Diet, Calcium Oxalate, Urolithiasis, Urinary Tract Stones, Prophylaxis
Toz Metal Al7075/B4C/Si3N4 Kompozit Malzemelerin Üretimi ve Aşınma Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KARAKOÇ Halil 
Published: November 2019

Bu
çalışmada, bir alüminyum alaşımı olan
saf Al7075 ile Al7075/B4C ve
Al7075/B4C/Si3N4 kompozit malzemeleri toz
metalurjisi yöntemi ile üretilmiştir. Üretilen kompozitlerde ön alaşımlı Al7075
tozları kompozit matrisini oluştururken, B4C ve Si3N4
seramik parçacıkları takviye elemanı olarak kullanılmıştır. Ağırlıkça karışım oranları belirlenen tozlar
3 boyutlu karıştırıcıda 15 dakika boyunca karıştırılmıştır. Karışım tozlar
önceden ısıtılan sıcak presleme kalıbında 450 oC sıcaklıkta 30
dakika boyunca tek yönlü olarak preslenmiştir. Presleme sonrası 90x40x12 mm3
ebatlarında kompozitler elde edilmiştir. Kompozit malzemeler tel erezyon
tezgahında kesilmiş ve CNC torna tezgahında işlenerek aşınma numuneleri
üretilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalarla üretilen kompozit malzemelerin yoğunluk,
gözeneklilik, sertlik, mikroyapı ve aşınma özellikleri incelenmiştir. Saf
Al7075 alaşımının yoğunluğu kompozit malzemelere göre daha yüksek çıkmıştır. B4C
ve Si3N4 oranlarının artması ile kompozitlerde gözenek
miktarları artmıştır. %5 ve %10 B4C takviyeli kompozit malzemelerde
parçacıklar mikroyapıda homojen dağılmıştır. En yüksek sertlik değeri
Al7075/%15B4C/%2Si3N4 kompozit malzemesinde
(110 HB) elde edilmiştir. En yüksek sürtünme katsayı değerleri ise saf Al7075
alaşımlarında belirlenmiştir. Numunelerin sertlik değerlerindeki artış ile
sürtünme katsayısı değerleri düşmüştür.