bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis in Shandong, China, 2004–2018
Authors: Song Wan-mei , Li Yi-fan , Ma Xiao-bin , Liu Jin-yue , Tao Ning-ning , Liu Yao , Zhang Qian-yun , Xu Ting-ting , Li Shi-jin , Yu Chun-Bao , Gao Lei , Cui Liang-liang , Li Huai-chen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Primary drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) has contributed to a significant health and economic burden on a global scale, especially in China. we sought to estimate epidemiological characteristics of primary DR-TB in China from 2004 to 2018.

Methods
Eleven thousand four hundred sixty-seven newly diagnosed and 1981 retreated TB cases with drug susceptibility data were included. Chi-Square test for trends, linear regression, a joinpoint regression model and temporal trend in proportions of the different resistance patterns were carried out.

Results
The proportion of primary DR-TB and mono-resistant TB (MR-TB) in China had reduced by more than 12% since 2004, and were 21.38%, 13.35% in 2018 respectively. Among primary DR-TB cases (2173,18.95%), the percentage of multiresistant TB (MDR-TB, from 5.41 to 17.46%), male (from 77.03 to 84.13%), cavity (from 13.51 to 43.92%), rifampicin(RFP)-resistant TB (from 8.11 to 26.98%), streptomycin(SM)-resistant TB (from 50.00 to 71.43%) increased significantly (P < 0.05). On the contrary, the proportion of female, non-cavity, isoniazide(INH)-resistant TB (from 55.41 to 48.15%) and MR-TB (from 82.43 to 62.43%) decreased significant (P < 0.05). The primary drug resistance rate among female, cavity, smoking, drinking, 15 to 44 year-old TB subgroups increased by 0.16, 6.24, 20.95, 158.85, 31.49%, respectively. The percentage of primary DR-TB, RFP-resistant TB dropped significantly during 2004–2007 in Joinpoint regression model.

Conclusion
The total rate of drug resistance among new TB cases showed a downward trend in Shandong, China, from 2004 to 2018. Primary drug resistance patterns were shifting from female, non-cavity, INH-resistant TB, and MR-TB groups to male, cavity, RFP/SM-resistant TB, and MDR-TB groups. Considering the rising drug resistance rate among some special population, future control of primary DR-TB in China may require an increased focus on female, cavity, smoking, drinking, or 15 to 44 year-old TB subgroups.
Learning and transfer of complex motor skills in virtual reality: a perspective review
Authors: Levac Danielle E. , Huber Meghan E. , Sternad Dagmar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe development of more effective rehabilitative interventions requires a better understanding of how humans learn and transfer motor skills in real-world contexts. Presently, clinicians design interventions to promote skill learning by relying on evidence from experimental paradigms involving simple tasks, such as reaching for a target. While these tasks facilitate stringent hypothesis testing in laboratory settings, the results may not shed light on performance of more complex real-world skills. In this perspective, we argue that virtual environments (VEs) are flexible, novel platforms to evaluate learning and transfer of complex skills without sacrificing experimental control. Specifically, VEs use models of real-life tasks that afford controlled experimental manipulations to measure and guide behavior with a precision that exceeds the capabilities of physical environments. This paper reviews recent insights from VE paradigms on motor learning into two pressing challenges in rehabilitation research: 1) Which training strategies in VEs promote complex skill learning? and 2) How can transfer of learning from virtual to real environments be enhanced? Defining complex skills by having nested redundancies, we outline findings on the role of movement variability in complex skill acquisition and discuss how VEs can provide novel forms of guidance to enhance learning. We review the evidence for skill transfer from virtual to real environments in typically developing and neurologically-impaired populations with a view to understanding how differences in sensory-motor information may influence learning strategies. We provide actionable suggestions for practicing clinicians and outline broad areas where more research is required. Finally, we conclude that VEs present distinctive experimental platforms to understand complex skill learning that should enable transfer from therapeutic practice to the real world.
Comparison of clinical and patient-reported outcomes of three procedures for recurrent anterior shoulder instability: arthroscopic Bankart repair, capsular shift, and open Latarjet
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Wu Kailun , Ma Qianli , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yong , Xu Wu , Guo Jiong Jiong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Best surgical of recurrent anterior shoulder instability remained controversial. We knew little about the superiority and choice between traditional open and modern arthroscopic techniques. We hypothesized that outcomes of all patients will be similar regardless of surgical technique.

Methods
A retrospective case-cohort analysis of 168 patients who had recurrent anterior shoulder instability was conducted from September 2010 to December 2013. All cases (mean age 30.8 [range 18–50] years) were performed with arthroscopic Bankart repair (33 males/20 females), open Latarjet (34 males/18 females), and capsular shift (31 males/14 females). The average follow-up was 67.6 months (range 60–72). The shoulder instability index score (ISIS) was more than 3 with an average of 6.4.

Results
All treatments proved to be effective in improving shoulder functional status and reducing symptoms, while Latarjet had an advantage over subjective perception. The Rowe scores in arthroscopic Bankart, open Latarjet, and capsular shift group were 92.3 ± 1.5, 96.2 ± 2.1, and 93.2 ± 2.3, respectively, with significant difference. There was no significant difference in other functional outcomes. However, the Latarjet group in subjective results (subjective shoulder value (SSV) and subjective shoulder value for sport practice (SSV Sport)) was superior to the others (P < 0.05). There were two relapsed cases in arthroscopic Bankart and capsular shift group, respectively, and no recurrence in open Latarjet group.

Conclusion
Arthroscopic Bankart repair has the advantage of mini-invasion and rapid recovery. Capsular shift offers stabilizing of inferior or multidirectional type, especially for little bone defect. Latarjet was more effective in reducing recurrence with higher stability.

Level of evidence
Therapeutic level III
Patient experiences of participation in a radical thoracic surgical trial: findings from the Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery Trial 2 (MARS 2)
Authors: Warnock Clare , Lord Karen , Taylor Bethany , Tod Angela 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery Trial (MARS 2) aims to evaluate a surgical procedure by comparing chemotherapy and surgery against chemotherapy alone. The pilot study for MARS 2 evaluated the viability of recruitment. Challenges have been reported in conducting clinical research into thoracic surgical treatments and evidence is required to improve our understanding of patient experiences of trial procedures, trial treatments and the factors that influence participation.

Methods
This longitudinal qualitative study was nested within the MARS 2 pilot. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 15 participants in the MARS 2 trial. Interviews were conducted post-randomisation, post-surgery (surgery arm) and at 6 and 12 months. Altogether, 41 interviews were carried out. The data were analysed using framework techniques.

Results
Challenges were identified regarding the volume and complexity of information given to participants, and their understanding of clinical equipoise and randomisation. Factors influencing participation included having an opportunity to undergo surgery, a self-assessment of their ability to cope with trial treatments, maintaining a positive approach and altruism. Obstacles included the logistics of traveling for treatment in an unfamiliar setting. Negative consequences of trial participation included increased uncertainty amplified by multiple care providers and unclear transition arrangements after the trial.

Conclusions
Participants’ descriptions provided insights that have implications for care for mesothelioma trial patients. The need for healthcare staff to be alert to the potential for misunderstanding, particularly when presenting treatment options, was identified. Patients perceived and derived benefits from taking part in the trial but experienced some negative consequences. These should be anticipated and managed proactively.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02040272. Registered on 20 January 2014.
Analysis of spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions for non-analgesic over-the-counter drugs from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Bukic Josipa , Rusic Doris , Mas Petar , Karabatic Deni , Bozic Josko , Seselja Perisin Ana , Leskur Dario , Krnic Darko , Tomic Sinisa , Modun Darko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting practices by health care professionals remain poor. Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are perceived as safe; however, they can also cause ADRs. The objective of this study was to analyze ADR reporting for OTC drugs in a 10-year period, in order to evaluate frequency of ADRs, population that ADRs most affect and reporters of ADRs of OTC drugs in Croatia.MethodsSpontaneously reported ADRs of non-analgesic OTC drugs, collected from January 2008 to December 2017 were analyzed. Data was obtained from Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia (HALMED).ResultsThere were 547 ADRs of OTC drugs reported in total and an increase in number of reports through the years was observed. Pharmacists reported 45.4% of all ADRs, and were most frequent reporters (p < 0.001). In 2017 majority of reports, 62 (49.2%), were obtained from consumers. ADRs were most frequently observed in patients aged 70 years and older (15% of ADRs). Five percent of all reports were accidental exposures among children.ConclusionsPharmacists most frequently reported ADRs of OTC drugs and consumers’ awareness of ADR reporting has risen. Other health care professionals (e.g., nurses and dentists) must be offered proper education in order to improve reporting practice of ADRs. Health care professionals should address concerns about OTC drug safety in elderly and children.
Benefits of linking civil registration and vital statistics with identity management systems for measuring and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3 indicators
Authors: Mills Samuel , Lee Jane Kim , Rassekh Bahie Mary 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A complete civil registration and vital statistics system is the best source of data for measuring most of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 indicators. However, civil registration does not include migration data, which are necessary for calculating the actual number of people living in a given area and their characteristics such as age and sex. This information is needed to facilitate planning, for example, for school places, health care, infrastructure, etc. It is also needed as the denominator for the calculation of a range of health and socioeconomic indicators. Obtaining and using these data can be particularly beneficial for measuring and achieving universal health coverage (Target 3.8), because civil registration can help to identify persons in need of health care and enable decision-makers to plan for the delivery of essential services to all persons in the country, including the most disadvantaged populations. By assigning unique identification numbers to individuals, for example, at birth registration, then using these numbers to link the individuals’ data from civil registration, national identification, and other functional registers, including registers for migration and health care, more accurate and disaggregated population values can be obtained. This is also a key to improving the effectiveness of and access to social services such as education, health, social welfare, and financial services. When civil registration system in a country is linked with its national identification system, it benefits both the government and its citizens. For the government, having reliable and up-to-date vital events information on its citizens supports making informed program and policy decisions, ensuring the accurate use of funds and monitoring of development programs at all levels. For individuals, it makes it easier to prove one’s identity and the occurrence of vital events to claim public services such as survivor benefits or child grants.
Obstacles to birth registration in Niger: estimates from a recent household survey
Authors: Wodon Quentin , Yedan Ali 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite progress made towards increasing birth registration rates over the last dozen years, almost one in two children may still not get registered at birth in Niger according to a recent nationally representative household survey. What can be done to improve birth registration rates? This paper relies on a simple approach to measure how solving various obstacles to birth registration faced by parents could help increase birth registration rates. Controlling for other factors affecting birth registrations, the analysis relies on local-level reasons declared by households for not registering their children. The estimation method provides measures of potential gains in birth registration rates from different actions, including providing services closer to where households live, improving household knowledge about the fact that birth registration is both mandatory and beneficial for children, and reducing the out-of-pocket costs of birth registration. The analysis remains exploratory, but it provides hopefully useful insights about the likely benefits that could be derived from various policies utilized for increasing rates of birth registrations.
Seismic modeling and expression of common fold-thrust structures
Authors: Li Jianjun , Mitra Shankar 
Published: October 2019

We have conducted seismic modeling of common fold-thrust structures to understand the common geologic parameters influencing seismic data and to understand the common pitfalls associated with interpreting prestack time migration (PSTM) and prestack depth migration (PSDM) data. Mode 1 fault-bend folds are generally well-imaged in PSTM data, provided the correct migration velocities are used for the dipping back and front limbs. Seismic pull-ups of the footwall related to lateral velocity variations can result in problems in interpreting the fault geometry and the subthrust area underlying the crest. Fault-tip fault-propagation folds also show significant footwall pull-ups and show poor to no imaging of the steep front limbs. The geometry of trishear fault-propagation folds is dependent on the maximum slip on the fault (S) and the fault propagation to slip ratio (P/S ratio). We found that the slip has a strong influence on the dip of the front limb and therefore the quality of imaging whereas the P/S ratio, which controls the degree of folding versus thrust faulting, has only a secondary effect. For the front limb, only the area near the synclinal axial plan is well-imaged, so that the fault geometry and extent of propagation are typically difficult to interpret. The front limb dips are also sensitive to the accuracy of the rms velocity model used for migration. Lower velocities result in steeper dipping reflectors, whereas higher velocities result in shallower dips. In general, PSDM provides better imaging of the structures; however, the accuracy and quality of the image are dependent on the velocity models and interpretation derived from the PSTM data.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated in the HD7 to HD15 Trials: A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group
Authors: Eichenauer Dennis A. , Plütschow Annette , Fuchs Michael , Sasse Stephanie , Baues Christian , Böll Boris , von Tresckow Bastian , Diehl Volker , Borchmann Peter , Engert Andreas 
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE The optimal treatment of newly diagnosed nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is ill defined. We therefore conducted a retrospective analysis using the database of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG). PATIENTS AND METHODS The long-term course of 471 patients with NLPHL (early stages, n = 251; intermediate stages, n = 76; advanced stages, n = 144) who had received stage-adapted first-line treatment in the randomized GHSG HD7 to HD15 studies was investigated. Treatment consisted of radiotherapy alone, chemotherapy alone, or combined-modality approaches. RESULTS The median age at NLPHL diagnosis was 39 years (range, 16 to 75 years). Patients were mostly male (75.8%). The median observation time was 9.2 years. At 10 years, progression-free survival and overall survival estimates were 75.5% and 92.1% (early stages, 79.7% and 93.3%; intermediate stages, 72.1% and 96.2%; advanced stages, 69.8% and 87.4%), respectively. A total of 48 patients (10.2%) developed a second malignancy during follow-up (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, n = 13; leukemia, n = 6; solid tumor, n = 25; unspecified malignancy, n = 4). Death occurred in 43 patients (9.1%). However, only a minority of deaths were NLPHL related (n = 10), whereas second malignancies (n = 20) and nonmalignant conditions possibly associated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy (n = 13) caused the death in the majority of patients. CONCLUSION The overall outcome of patients with NLPHL who had received Hodgkin lymphoma–directed first-line treatment in randomized GHSG trial protocols was good. Nonetheless, treatment optimization is still necessary to reduce toxicity in standard-risk patients and to improve the prognosis in high-risk patients.
Characteristics of Dexmedetomidine Postconditioning in the Field of Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Bunte Sebastian , Behmenburg Friederike , Majewski Nicole , Stroethoff Martin , Raupach Annika , Mathes Alexander , Heinen André , Hollmann Markus W. , Huhn Ragnar 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:
Timing and onset of myocardial ischemia are mostly unpredictable. Therefore, postconditioning could be an effective cardioprotective intervention. Because ischemic postconditioning is an invasive and not practicable treatment, pharmacological postconditioning would be a more suitable alternative cardioprotective measure. For the α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine postconditioning has been shown. However, data on a concentration-dependent effect of dexmedetomidine are lacking. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the time point and/or duration of dexmedetomidine administration in the reperfusion period is of relevance. We set out to determine whether infarct size reduction by dexmedetomidine is concentration dependent and whether time point and/or duration of dexmedetomidine application has an impact on the effect size of cardio protection.

METHODS:
Hearts of male Wistar rats were randomized and placed on a Langendorff system perfused with Krebs–Henseleit buffer at a constant pressure of 80 mm Hg. All hearts were subjected to 33 minutes of global ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion. In part I of the study, a concentration–response effect was determined by perfusing hearts with various concentrations of dexmedetomidine (0.3–100 nM) at the onset of reperfusion. Based on these results, part II of the study was conducted with 3 nM dexmedetomidine. Application of dexmedetomidine started directly at the onset of reperfusion (Dex60) and 15 minutes (Dex15), 30 minutes (Dex30), or 45 minutes (Dex45) after the start of reperfusion and lasted always until the end of the reperfusion period. Infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.

RESULTS:
In part I, infarct size in control (Con) hearts was 62% ± 4%. Three-nanometer dexmedetomidine was the lowest most effective cardioprotective concentration and reduced infarct size to 24% ± 7% (P < .0001 versus Con). Higher concentrations did not confer stronger protection. Infarct size in control hearts from part II was 66% ± 6%. Different starting times and/or durations of application resulted in similar infarct size reduction (all P < .0001 versus Con).

CONCLUSIONS:
Postconditioning by dexmedetomidine is concentration dependent in ranges between 0.3 and 3 nM. Increased concentrations above 3 nM do not further enhance this cardioprotective effect. This cardioprotective effect is independent of time point and length of application in the reperfusion period.
Culling Archival Collections in the Koryŏ-Chosŏn Transition
Authors: Reynolds Graeme R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article examines the inheritance and culling of government archival collections in the first few decades of the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910). After describing some features of Chosŏn archival practice, it provides an overview of Koryŏ (918–1392) archival institutions that the Chosŏn inherited before analyzing the various acts of culling focusing on a variety of different archival collections. By updating poorly maintained and damaged household, military, and slave registers, compiling old records for both practical (legal, military, or geomantic) and historical purposes, as well as by eliminating problematic materials, the early Chosŏn court symbolically proclaimed its rule, created new monuments of memory through the emphasis of certain records over others, and broke with the past through the destruction of documents that supported the old system. A related change in archival practice took place, as new a precedent in compiling the Veritable Records soon after the death of a king allowed for greater control over archival procedures and memory-making.
The Late Chosŏn Korean Catholic Archives: Documenting this World and the Next
Authors: Rausch Franklin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Archives typically consist of documents created for this-worldly purposes, such as government census records. In contrast, the Korean Catholic archives consist of documents created primarily for the purposes of salvation (documents such as prayer books and lives of the saints) or for sainthood (documents showing that a particular person died a martyr). Moreover, many of these documents were international collaborations produced by Korean Catholics and foreign missionaries, who at times even utilized sources created by the government that persecuted them. Many documents were sent to Europe, enabling them to survive anti-Catholic persecution and making Europe the center of Korean Catholic archives. However, beginning in the 1960s, institutions based on the peninsula, such as the Research Foundation of Korean Church History, worked to make Korea itself a center of archives and knowledge production. In so doing, Korean Catholics sought to make these materials available to non-Catholic audiences and follow secular standards of the historical profession while trying to develop an authentically Catholic way of understanding their history. This article will trace this history and also act as introduction to these archives for scholars interested in utilizing them.