bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Mechanically Pretreated Wheat Straw for Biogas Production
Authors: Victorin Mirjam , Davidsson Åsa , Wallberg Ola 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiogas production from wheat straw is one strategy of converting biomass to bioenergy, but pretreatment of the lignocellulosic material is necessary in order to render the substrate biodegradable. In this study, four different mechanical pretreatments of wheat straw were investigated: roll milling, extrusion, pelletization, and hammer milling. The effects of the pretreatments on anaerobic digestion (AD) at 37 °C and on enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) with Cellic CTec2 at 50 °C were analyzed in terms of biochemical methane potential (BMP), maximum daily methane production (DMPmax), and EH yield as amount of released glucan/initial glucan content. Roll milling generated the highest BMP of 287 NmL CH4 gVS−1, an increase of 21% compared with untreated wheat straw. Extrusion provided the highest methane production rate (52 NmL CH4 gVS−1 day−1), the lowest floating capacity, and a high bulk density. It was further concluded that a linear relationship exists between the DMPmax and the EH yield (R2 = 0.768) which for roll-milled size fractioned wheat straw was even stronger (R2 = 0.900) but weaker for mechanically pretreated non-size fractioned straw (R2 = 0.625). Specific surface analysis and EH of 0.25–1-mm particles revealed that mechanical pretreatment most likely affect other physiochemical properties in wheat straw, such as the crystallinity or melting of the outer wax layer, which in turn affects AD and EH processes differently.
Catalytic Reduction of CO2 to CO via Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction: Recent Advances in the Design of Active and Selective Supported Metal Catalysts
Authors: Zhu Min , Ge Qingfeng , Zhu Xinli 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe catalytic conversion of CO2 to CO via a reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction followed by well-established synthesis gas conversion technologies may provide a potential approach to convert CO2 to valuable chemicals and fuels. However, this reaction is mildly endothermic and competed by a strongly exothermic CO2 methanation reaction at low temperatures. Therefore, the improvement in the low-temperature activities and selectivity of the RWGS reaction is a key challenge for catalyst designs. We reviewed recent advances in the design strategies of supported metal catalysts for enhancing the activity of CO2 conversion and its selectivity to CO. These strategies include varying support, tuning metal–support interactions, adding reducible transition metal oxide promoters, forming bimetallic alloys, adding alkali metals, and enveloping metal particles. These advances suggest that enhancing CO2 adsorption and facilitating CO desorption are key factors to enhance CO2 conversion and CO selectivity. This short review may provide insights into future RWGS catalyst designs and optimization.
The Role of Solvent in Tautomer Solvate Crystallization: A Case of 6-Amino-1,3-Dimethyl-5-Nitrosouracil
Authors: Qi Luguang , Jin Yanhui , Li Huina , Dong Yanpeng , Xie Chuang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTautomers are structural isomers that readily interconvert and may exhibit different properties. The effect of solvent on tautomeric equilibria in solution has been a subject of some research. Tautomer solvate is less common, and the role of solvent in the crystallization of tautomer solvate remains an interesting topic. In this work, we used 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrosouracil (NAU) as the tautomeric model material, which can present in nitrone–enamine form (Tautomer A) or oxime–imine form (Tautomer B). A solvate with NAU/DMSO ratio of 1:1 was discovered and characterized using single/powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. The crystal structure of NAU·DMSO was determined for the first time, where only Tautomer A was formed in the tautomeric crystal. Quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulation were conducted to determine the tautomeric form in DMSO solution. Electrostatic potential analysis, radial distribution function analysis, and binding energy suggested possible DMSO–NAU interaction modes and stable tautomer complexes in solution. Tautomer A-containing complexes were found to dominate in solution, as verified by comparing predicted and experimental 1H NMR spectra. Findings reveal that the hydrogen bonding between DMSO and NAU is similar in solution and in NAU–DMSO solvate crystal, which helps preserve the form of Tautomer A during solvate crystallization.
Moiré patterns arising from bilayer graphone/graphene superlattice
Authors: Li Hu , Papadakis Raffaello , Hussain Tanveer , Karton Amir , Liu Jiangwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMoiré patterns from two-dimensional (2D) graphene heterostructures assembled via van der Waals interactions have sparked considerable interests in physics with the purpose to tailor the electronic properties of graphene. Here we report for the first time the observation of moiré patterns arising from a bilayer graphone/graphene superlattice produced through direct single-sided hydrogenation of a bilayer graphene on substrate. Compared to pristine graphene, the bilayer superlattice exhibits a rippled surface and two types of moiré patterns are observed: triangular and linear moiré patterns with the periodicities of 11 nm and 8–9 nm, respectively. These moiré patterns are revealed from atomic force microscopy and further confirmed by following fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are also performed and the optimized lattice constants of bilayer superlattice heterostructure are in line with our experimental analysis. These findings show that well-defined triangular and linear periodic potentials can be introduced into the graphene system through the single-sided hydrogenation and also open a route towards the tailoring of electronic properties of graphene by various moiré potentials.
LETHE: Forgetting and Uniform Interpolation for Expressive Description Logics
Authors: Koopmann Patrick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUniform interpolation and forgetting describe the task of projecting a given ontology into a user-specified vocabulary, that is, of computing a new ontology that only uses names from a specified set of names, while preserving all logical entailments that can be expressed with those names. This is useful for ontology analysis, ontology reuse and privacy. Lethe is a tool for performing uniform interpolation on ontologies in expressive description logics, and it can be used from the command line, using a graphical interface, and as a Java library. It furthermore implements methods for computing logical difference and performing abduction using uniform interpolation. We present the tool together with an evaluation on a varied corpus of realistic ontologies.
Effects of Hypothyroidism and Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Sexual Function: A Meta-Analysis of Studies Using the Female Sexual Function Index
Authors: Wang Yilin , Wang Hongli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are common metabolic diseases with severe psychological and physiological effects, which may be the risk factors of sexual dysfunction.

Aim
The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of hypothyroidism and SCH on female sexual function through systematic literature review.

Methods
Until February 2020, systematic searches were conducted on Pubmed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Clinicalkey to obtain eligible studies to report the mean and standard deviation of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in various fields in women with clinical hypothyroidism, SCH, and healthy controls. In accordance with the results of heterogeneity test, a random effect model or fixed effect model was selected to aggregate the scores of each field. The scores of female patients with hypothyroidism and healthy controls were compared using forest plot. Stata (version 15.1) uses meta-analysis.

Main Outcome Measure
Evaluation values of various fields of FSFI in clinical hypothyroidism, SCH, and healthy controls.

Results
This study included 7 studies, including 88 women with clinical hypothyroidism, 337 women with SCH, and 2056 healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, patients with hypothyroidism scored lower in all FSFI dimensions (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain), especially in lubrication. And, only arousal and orgasm decreased in patients with SCH. Hypothyroidism (odds ratio = 3.912, P = .002) rather than SCH (odds ratio = 1.036, P = .886) was a risk factor for female sexual dysfunction.

Conclusion
Hypothyroidism does impair female sexual function to varying degrees. SCH has little effect on female sexual function. It is essential to measure and evaluate the thyroid function of women with sexual dysfunction regularly, which can help clinicians improve sexual function and sexual quality of life.
Personalized nudging
Authors: MILLS STUART 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA criticism of behavioural nudges is that they lack precision, sometimes nudging people who – had their personal circumstances been known – would have benefitted from being nudged differently. This problem may be solved through a programme of personalized nudging. This paper proposes a two-component framework for personalization that suggests choice architects can personalize both the choices being nudged towards (choice personalization) and the method of nudging itself (delivery personalization). To do so, choice architects will require access to heterogeneous data. This paper argues that such data need not take the form of big data, but agrees with previous authors that the opportunities to personalize nudges increase as data become more accessible. Finally, this paper considers two challenges that a personalized nudging programme must consider, namely the risk personalization poses to the universality of laws, regulation and social experiences, and the data access challenges policy-makers may encounter.
Sites of Resistance: LGBTQI+ Experiences at Trinity Western University
Authors: Shipley Heather 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTrinity Western University’s Community Covenant has been the subject of public and legal attention with specific reference to a proposed law school. At the heart of much of the contention about the law school, opponents have expressed concern about the provisions in the Covenant that restrict the rights of LGBTQI+ students—their identities and relationships. While much of the focus has been on the potential harm for LGBTQI+ students, and the expectation that law schools uphold Charter values—the voices of queer students and allies have largely been sidelined. This article offers space for LGBTQI+ students, staff and allies to discuss their lived experiences of sexual diversity and the harm facing the queer community at Trinity Western University. As they state, the Covenant is only a part of the issue; the culture it supports is what needs to change.
Racialized, Gendered, and Sensationalized: An examination of Canadian anti-trafficking laws, their enforcement, and their (re)presentation
Authors: Millar Hayli , O’Doherty Tamara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Canada, there are persistent allegations and some empirical evidence suggesting racialized police bias; certain (non-White) groups appear to face over-enforcement as criminal suspects and under-enforcement as victims. Yet, it is challenging to prove or disprove these claims. Unlike other countries, where governments routinely publish police-reported crime and criminal court data identifying the race/ethnicity of criminal suspects and victims, Canada maintains a ban on the publication of such data. In this article, using an intersectional and critical analysis, we examine 127 prosecuted (predominantly domestic sex) trafficking cases and explore related claims of racial and gender bias together with sensationalism in the enforcement of Canadian anti-trafficking in persons laws. Our findings align with other empirical research observing the racially selective identification and prosecution of sex trafficking cases through a heteronormative and gender binary lens. Whether real or perceived, racial—alongside gender, sexuality, economic, citizenship, and occupational—bias has significant adverse consequences for the equality, liberty, security, mobility, labour, and access to justice rights of the Indigenous, Black, Arab/Muslim and other racialized communities being policed. Our data reveal a clear and pressing need to publish race-disaggregated crime and criminal court data and to challenge deeply ingrained stereotypes using various means.
Health and Education Officials’ Perspectives on the Impact of Typhoon Haiyan on Mass Drug Administration for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in the Philippines
Authors: Chernoff Eva , Silverstein Gina , delos Trinos John Paul Caesar R , Veldkamp Peter , Chang Judy C , Belizario Vicente Y 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:In the Philippines, morbidity control of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections is done through mass drug administration (MDA) of anthelmintics to school-age children (SAC). In 2013, the Philippines was devastated by the deadliest cyclone ever recorded, Typhoon Haiyan. The study aimed to understand the impact of Typhoon Haiyan on the MDA of anthelmintics to SAC in the provinces of Capiz and Iloilo in the Philippines from the perspectives of local health and education officials.Methods:The study was conducted in the municipalities of Panay and Pilar in Capiz and the municipalities of Estancia and Sara in Iloilo, areas that were devastated by Typhoon Haiyan. Qualitative, semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted with 16 total participants, which included officials of the Department of Health, Department of Education, and concerned local government units. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded in an open, iterative manner. Codes were reviewed to identify patterns and themes.Results:Participants described the following themes: (1) their perception that the typhoon had no effect on the MDA program or on resources necessary to complete the program; (2) the program’s simple design allowed for 1-time administration to a pre-assembled population; (3) the program allowed a sense of community cohesiveness; (4) the program served as a vehicle for altruism, particularly regarding helping needy children, in this time of calamity.Conclusions:Our informants perceived that the MDA program in Region VI was not affected by Typhoon Haiyan. They attributed the resilience to the program’s simple procedure, attitudes of altruism, program importance, and community cohesiveness. Despite Typhoon Haiyan’s mass destruction of infrastructure and livelihood leading to incredible challenges, mobilization of the community allowed for the continuation and successful implementation of the MDA program. The experience of Region VI may serve as a model for other low- and middle-income countries prone to natural disasters.
Use of Telehealth to Improve Access to Care at the United States Department of Veterans Affairs During the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season
Authors: Der-Martirosian Claudia , Chu Karen , Dobalian Aram 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This brief report examines the shift from in-person care to US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) telehealth services during 3 devastating hurricanes in 2017 (Harvey, Irma, and Maria).

Methods:
VA administrative data were used to analyze the number and percentage of telehealth services 30 d pre- and 30 d post- the 2017 hurricanes for 3 hurricane-impacted VA medical centers (VAMCs): Houston (Texas), Orlando (Florida), and San Juan (Puerto Rico).

Results:
All 3 VAMCs remained open during the hurricanes. For the Houston VAMC, during the first week post-Harvey, in-person patient visits decreased while telehealth visits increased substantially. Similarly, for the Orlando VAMC, during the 1-wk post-Irma, telehealth use increased substantially. For the San Juan VAMC, there were many interruptions in the use of telehealth due to many power outages, resulting in a modest increase in the use of telehealth post-Irma/Maria. The most commonly used telehealth services at Houston and Orlando VAMCs during the hurricanes were: primary care, triage, mental health, and home health.

Conclusions:
Telehealth has the potential to improve post-disaster access to and coordination of care. However, more information is needed to better understand how telehealth services can be used as a post-disaster health-care delivery tool, particularly for patients receiving care outside of systems such as VA.
Trends in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections using statewide population-based surveillance and hospital discharge data, Connecticut, 2010–2018
Authors: Rose Ashley N , Clogher Paula , Hatfield Kelly M , Gokhale Runa H , See Isaac , Petit Susan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe compared methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections (BSIs) captured by culture-based surveillance and MRSA septicemia hospitalizations captured by administrative coding using statewide hospital discharge data in Connecticut from 2010 to 2018. Observed discrepancies between identification methods suggest administrative coding is inappropriate for assessing trends in MRSA BSIs.
Invasive grasses in South Texas rangelands: historical perspectives and future directions
Authors: Wied Justin P. , Perotto-Baldivieso Humberto L. , Conkey April A. T. , Brennan Leonard A. , Mata José M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSouth Texas is home to a high diversity of species due to its location at the confluence of subtropical, desert, and coastal ecoregions. Historical overgrazing of South Texas rangelands transformed the savanna and prairie to a landscape dominated by woody plants and shrubs interspersed with low seral grass species and bare ground. During the first half of the 20th century, exotic grass species, coupled with the application of industrial agricultural practices appeared to be the future of forage production in South Texas and elsewhere. Several of these exotic species, namely King Ranch bluestem [Bothriochloa ischaemum(L.) Keng], Kleberg bluestem [Dichanthium annulatum(Forssk.) Stapf], Angelton bluestem [Dichanthium aristatum(Poir.) C.E. Hubbard], buffelgrass [Pennisetum ciliare(L.) Link], guineagrass [Urochloa maxima(Jacq.) R. Webster], Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmannianaNees), and Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.], have escaped pasture cultivation. Additionally, the native grass tanglehead [Heteropogon contortus(L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult.] has begun displaying invasive behaviors. The monoculture growth habit of these species simplifies vegetation structure, reduces biodiversity, and decreases habitat for many species of wildlife. These grasses also alter natural fire regimes and nutrient cycling. This landscape-level transformation of vegetation composition and structure requires monitoring to quantify and assess the spatial and temporal distributions of invasive species as a basis to inform management practices. Current advances in remote sensing technologies, such as very high spatial resolution coupled with daily satellite imagery and unmanned aerial vehicles, are providing tools for invasive vegetation monitoring. We provide a synthesis of the natural history of these grasses, including their introductions, an overview of remote sensing applications in South Texas, and recommendations for future management practices.
Top Management Teams’ Academic Experience and Firms’ Corporate Social Responsibility Voluntary Disclosure
Authors: Ma Zhiming , Zhang Hong , Zhong Weiguo , Zhou Kaitang 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTCorporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure is becoming increasingly important for modern corporations. Focusing on voluntary CSR disclosure and drawing on upper echelons theory, we propose that voluntary CSR disclosure is the manifestation of managerial preferences (e.g., managers’ professional ethical values and standards). Specifically, we argue that top executives with an academic background tend to have higher professional and ethical standards than their non-academic counterparts. These standards lead them to act with self-restraint and to perceive CSR disclosure as an opportunity rather than a threat. Compared with non-academic executives, therefore, top executives with an academic background provide stakeholders with more CSR information. Based on a sample of publicly listed firms in China, we find a significant difference in voluntary CSR disclosure between firms led by academic executives and firms without academic top executives. This difference is smaller for firms that are state-owned, firms that are audited by large audit firms, and firms with greater analyst coverage. We contribute to the literature on CSR voluntary disclosure by providing an in-depth analysis of the effects of top management teams’ academic backgrounds.
The green airliner that never was: aerodynamic theory, fuel-efficiency and the role of the British state in aviation technology in the mid-twentieth century
Authors: SPINARDI GRAHAM 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo aerodynamic concepts theorized in the early twentieth century – laminar-flow control and flying wings – offer the potential for more efficient aircraft. However, despite compelling advantages on paper and optimistic predictions, the fuel-saving benefits of these technologies have not yet been fully realized. This paper documents British work on these concepts, with a particular focus on laminar-flow control. Faced with an increasingly difficult funding context and a lack of a clear military rationale, these potentially significant advances in aircraft efficiency were stymied by a catch-22: the government was only prepared to provide financial support for the development of an operational prototype if operational performance had already been demonstrated. This case also highlights the challenges faced in the commercial uptake of radical aviation technologies, even when they appear to offer greater efficiency and environmental benefits.
Reply to Comment on: Álvaro J.J., Esteve, J. & Zamora, S. 2019. Morphological assessment of the earliest paradoxidid trilobites (Cambrian Series 3) from Morocco and Spain [Geological Magazine] by Geyer G, Nowicki J, Żylińska A & Landing E
Authors: Álvaro J Javier , Esteve Jorge 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo research teams have different opinions regarding the number of paradoxidine species close to the base of the Miaolingian in Morocco and Spain. Geyer & Vincent (2015) recognized five species based on a mosaic of overlapping characters that include some relative length and width ratios, qualitative descriptions of cranidial and pygidial outlines, and relief observations. In contrast, Álvaroet al. (2018) conducted a morphometric analysis of all these specimens from theCambropallas telestoacme level of the Assemame quarry and concluded that the Moroccan material had been taxonomically over-split and was represented by only two species,Acadoparadoxides mureroensisandA. nobilis. Subsequently, Geyeret al. (2019) commented that we had not analysed some diagnostic characters, and applied the stratigraphic setting of their morphospecies as a diagnostic character for taxonomic identification. After sampling theCambropallas telestoacme level in the Taroucht quarry, where the other team purchased its collection, and re-analysing the diagnostic characters claimed by Geyeret al. (2019), our conclusions are maintained: (i) morphometric values of several paratype specimens fall outside the purported ranges of diagnostic characters; (ii) all 2D morphometric analyses incorporating the diagnostic characters of the morphospecies are unable to detect interspecific differences, except forA. nobilis; and (iii) the slight concavity displayed by some pygidia, strongly controlled by preservation, is in need of 3D biometrical analysis. Hence, our proposed synonymy should be maintained until 3D statistical analyses are available on material preserved in carbonate or concretions.