bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of resting metabolic rate prediction equations in female rugby players
Authors: O'Neill Jack , Walsh Ciara , McNulty Senan , Corish Martha , Gantly Hannah , Crognale Domenico , Horner Katy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate (1) the accuracy of resting metabolic rate (RMR) prediction equations in female rugby players on a group and individual level; and (2) whether individual differences in the accuracy of prediction equations is associated with muscle damage or energy availability.RMR was assessed in 14 female provincial and club rugby players (Age: 20–34 years, FFM: 47–63 kg, FM: 15–37%) training a minimum of twice per week. Participants attended the laboratory following an overnight fast and having avoided strenuous exercise for 24 hours. RMR was measured over 30 minutes by indirect calorimetry, and taken as the 10 minutes with the lowest variation. Body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography, muscle damage indicated by creatine kinase (CK) and risk of low energy availability assessed by the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire. Accuracy of RMR prediction equations relevant to the general population and athletes were assessed including the Harris Benedict (1919), Cunningham (1980) and Ten Haaf FFM (2014) based equations.Measured RMR was 1748 ± 146 kcal/day (range: 1474–2010 kcal/day). Predicted RMR determined by the Harris-Benedict equation (1601 ± 120 kcal/day) was significantly lower than measured RMR (p < 0.001), whereas predicted RMR using the Cunningham (1753 ± 146 kcal/day, p = 0.89) and the Ten Haaf (1781 ± 115 kcal/day, p = 0.33) equations did not differ from measured RMR. On an individual level, 50% (n = 7), 86% (n = 12) and 79% (n = 11) of participants fell within 10% of the measured RMR value when RMR was predicted by Harris-Benedict, Cunningham and Ten Haaf equations respectively. CK values were 182 ± 155U/L (range: 25–490U/L). When correlations of the whole group were studied, the difference between predicted and measured RMR was not associated with CK (r = 0.13). However, in the two individuals who fell outside the 10% range of that predicted by the Cunningham equation, one above and one below, CK values were 428U/L and 166U/L respectively. Muscle damage (as indicated by a high CK value) could therefore be one potential explanation for the higher measured RMR in the individual who was above the Cunningham predicted value.In this cohort of female rugby players, the Cunningham equation showed the best accuracy on a group and individual level, suggesting this may be the most suitable prediction equation for this population. Further studies with larger sample sizes and investigating underlying reasons for why RMR measured values may differ from predicted values are needed.
In vivo kinetic study of the materno-fetal fatty acid transfer in obese and normal weight pregnant women
Authors: Gázquez Antonio , Prieto-Sánchez María T. , Blanco-Carnero José E. , van Harskamp Dewi , Perazzolo Simone , Efraim Oosterink J. , Demmelmair Hans , Schierbeek Henk , Sengers Bram G. , Lewis Rohan M. , van Goudoever Johannes B. , Koletzko Berthold , Larqué Elvira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Placental function can be modified by maternal obesity affecting the materno-fetal fatty acid transport process. We analyze for the first time the in vivo materno-fetal kinetic transfer of fatty acids (FA) labeled with stable isotopes in control and obese pregnant women.Materials and Methods:Labelled FA with similar metabolism (stearic acid: 13C-SA, palmitic acid: 13C-PA and oleic acid: 13C-OA) were orally administered at -4 h, -8 h, and -12 h, respectively prior to elective caesarean section to 10 pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) > 30 and 10 with BMI 25–30 (control). Placenta, venous and arterial cord blood were collected obtaining a wide range of FA enrichments. A combined experimental and computational modeling analysis was applied.Results:FA Fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in placenta was 11–12% per hour. No differences were observed between control and normo-lipidemic obese pregnant women. It was not possible to estimate FA FSR in cord blood with this oral bolus dose approach. Computational modelling demonstrated a good fit to the data when all maternal plasma lipid classes were included but not with modelling based only on the non-esterified FA fraction (NEFA). The estimated materno-fetal 13C-FA transfer was around 1%.Conclusions:Our approach using multiple 13C-FA tracers allowed us to estimated FSR in placental/maternal plasma but not in fetal/maternal compartments. Computational modelling showed a consistent time course of placental 13C-FA transfer and predicted total fetal FA accumulation during the experiment. We conclude that in addition to NEFA in the maternal circulation, maternal plasma VLDL and other lipoproteins are important contributors to placental FA transfer to the fetus.
Insights into the association of potassium intake with blood pressure: results of a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Filippini Tommaso , Torres Duarte , Lopes Carla , Carvalho Catarina , Moreira Pedro , Naska Androniki , Kasdagli Maria-Iosifina , Malavolti Marcella , Orsini Nicola , Vinceti Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction:Observational studies provide evidence for an association between potassium intake and BP levels. However, uncertainties still exist about the size and the shape of this relation. Conversely, experimental studies have not been used to estimate dose-response curves, since standard methods can only be applied in trials including at least three exposure groups.Materials and Methods:We carried out a systematic review of the evidence concerning the effect of potassium supplementation on blood pressure in epidemiologic experimental studies. Following a PubMed search up to June 20, 2019, we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) encompassing potassium supplementation as the only intervention for at least four weeks. We used a restricted cubic spline model and the ‘one-stage’ approach to perform a dose-response meta-analysis, a newly-developed statistical procedure which allows inclusion of studies with as few as two categories of exposure (Stat Methods Med Res. 2019;28:1579–1596). Finally, we repeated the analyses stratifying for hypertensive status and use of anti-hypertensive medication.Results:Overall, we included 33 studies carried out in adult population, with potassium supplementation ranging from 30 to 140 mmol/day. RCTs’ duration ranged from 4 up to 26 weeks. Most of the studies have a cross-over design (N = 24), include hypertensive individuals (N = 27) and subjects not under anti-hypertensive medication (N = 27). Overall, an increase of 40, 80 and 120 mmol/day of potassium resulted in reductions of SBP by -5.64 (95% CI - 8.78, -2.50), -4.62 (-6.41, -2.84) and -2.54 mmHg (95% CI -5.14, + 0.06), respectively. Higher potassium intakes also resulted in reduced DBP levels by -3.57 (95% CI -5.55, -1.59), -3.07 (95% CI -5.07, -1.08), and -1.92 mmHg (95% CI -5.65, 1.81). The effect of increasing potassium intake on BP was larger among hypertensives than normotensives, and among pharmacologically untreated hypertensives compared to their treated counterparts. Subgroup analyses according to study design (parallel vs. crossover) yielded similar results.Discussion:With the application of advanced dose-response modeling on RCT results, we found a U-shaped relation between potassium intake and blood pressure. A low to moderate increase in potassium intake resulted in a progressive reduction in blood pressure, which was reversed at higher levels of potassium supplementation. The effect was stronger among untreated hypertensives.Supported by grant GP-EFSA-AFSCO-2017-01 GA09 of the European Food Safety Authority - EFSA. The text reflects only the authors' view; and EFSA is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.
Potential immunological effects of fermentable fibres in athletes
Authors: Torquati Luciana , Tamburo Steven , Macusi Andrea , Brunetti Alessandra , Iengo Chiara , Sponsiello Nicola , Santoni Giorgio , Nabissi Massimo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent findings point at novel benefits of specific fibres, like inulin, as their fermentation metabolites can improve mucosal immunity and protect against infections (1,2). This outcome is desirable for athletes, who are at increased exposure to oxidative damage and thus risk of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). However, whether inulin can improve immune function in athletes is unknown. We investigated the effect of supplementation with inulin-enriched foods on salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA), a marker of immunity associated with URTI, in rugby players. We hypothesised that inulin supplementation would increase sIgA, and such change would be greater than that observed in a group following a diet without inulin supplementation. Ten rugby players volunteered for this pilot study (24.2 ± 5.4 years, 93.2 ± 18.7 kg). Participants were randomly assigned to either control (CON) or intervention diet (IN) for 3-weeks; and provided with 2% inulin-enriched pasta and bread (IN) or the same products without inulin (CON), to be consumed as part of a prescribed diet plan. sIgA was measured before and after each condition by collecting saliva with validated swabs, and was quantified with enzyme-linked immunoassay. Differences within and between groups were assessed with paired-samples t-test and ANOVA, respectively. Relationships between inulin intake and sIgA were explored with Spearman's correlation and regression analysis. There was a significant increase in sIgA following inulin supplementation (p = 0.002), which was significantly different to CON (+ 53.6 ± 44.7 and 5.8 ± 37.2 mg/dL, p = 0.054). Average inulin intake was 10.9 ± 1.6 g/day, and it was positively associated with sIgA (rs = 0.661, p = 0.038) and correlated with sIgA changes (r2 = 0.438, p = 0.037). There were no significant differences in energy intake between and within groups (p > 0.10). There were no reports of upper-respiratory tract or other infections during the study period (winter). Some IN participants reported improved bowel function. Inulin-enriched products could represent a simple approach to promote mucosal immunity and gut health in athletes. Larger controlled trials are warranted to confirm the dose-response and long-term effects of inulin supplementation including metabolic and performance outcomes.
Folic acid as preventive therapy for hearing loss: effect of ototoxic drug consumption
Authors: Morais-Moreno Carmen , del Pilar Garzón-Riveros María , Murillo-Cuesta Silvia , Rodríguez-de la Rosa Lourdes , Montero Ana , Pajares María Ángeles , Pérez-Miguelsanz Julia , Varela-Nieto Isabel , Varela-Moreiras Gregorio , Partearroyo Teresa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAge-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a sensory impairment, with a dramatic increase in its incidence, which is caused by genetic and environmental factors such as noise and ototoxic drugs. Recent studies correlated ARHL to elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) by folate deficiency, suggesting that reduction of Hcy levels by folate supplementation could potentially ameliorate ARHL.Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a status that contributes to ARHL, may also arise from malfunction of Hcy remethylation by betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferases (BHMTs) and methionine synthase in the methionine cycle. The expression and/or activity of these enzymes may be altered by ototoxic drugs, including paracetamol (APAP).ObjectiveTo determine the effect of APAP in cochlear morphology and function of control and Bhmt-/- mice, and to analyze putative preventive effects of folic acid (FA) supplementation.Materials and MethodsTwo-month-old Bhmt-/- mice (n = 47), with greater dependence on folate metabolism for Hcy remethylation, and Bhmt + / + mice (n = 42) were fed control or FA supplemented diets for 30 days. The last day APAP (250 mg/kg) or placebo were injected intraperitoneally.Hearing was evaluated by recording auditory brainstem responses (ABR) at the beginning of the experiment and after treatments. Picrosirius red staining was used for evaluation of the cochlear lateral wall cytoarchitecture. Plasma and hepatic metabolite levels were determined by HPLC or on Spinlab 100® autoanalyzer.ResultsLoss of Bhmt expression induced HHcy, but an impact on hearing acuity was not observed. Acute APAP administration did not induce ABR threshold shifts. However, following ototoxic treatment, changes of 5–17% in the areas of the stria vascularis and spiral ligament were detected between Bhmt-/- mice under different dietary treatments; cochlear structures of Bhmt-/- mice receiving APAP plus FA supplementation resemble those of the control group. APAP increases susceptibility to ototoxic damage in the presence of HHcy.DiscussionBHMT plays a central role in cochlear methionine metabolism. FA supplementation modulates Hcy levels, contributing to a proper remethylation status that prevents ARHL.
Acute cognitive, mood and cardiovascular effects of green and black tea
Authors: Scholey Andrew , Burns Alicia , Pase Matt , Pipingas Andrew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTea is often described as having “refreshing” properties. Indeed, components of both green and black tea have been shown to acutely improve aspects of cognition and mood and to affect cardiovascular function. There is, however, surprising little research directly comparing these effects between different types of tea. This study therefore examined acute cognitive, mood, and cardiovascular effects of green tea and black tea.A double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled,balanced, three-way cross-over study was conducted. Fourteen healthy young adults (M = 23.8, SD = 3 years) consumed placebo (water), green tea and black tea in balanced order at least 24 h apart.The drinks were prepared according to standardised procedures and consumed under double-blind conditions (in opaque containers with lemon cordial added for taste-masking). Mood and cognition were measured at baseline then 90 min post-treatment, cardiovascular function was assessed post-dose only. Mood was evaluated using a series of visual analogue scales, cognitive performance was assessed using a suite of standardised tests from the Computerised Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS), gauging performance on aspects of attention, memory and executive function.Peripheral and central systolic and diastolic pressure,augmentation pressure, augmentation index,and blood flow velocity were measured via Sphygmocor pulse wave analysis and Doppler ultrasound, respectively. There were a number of significant effects associated with the active treatments. Compared with placebo, black tea and green tea was associated with significantly improved digit vigilance accuracy (p < .01), while green tea was associated with higher alertness (p < .05).Regarding cardiovascular outcomes, black tea and green tea significantly increased central diastolic pressure, and peripheral diastolic pressure in comparison to placebo (P < .01). Black tea also significantly increased central systolic pressure compared to green tea and placebo (p < .05). Analysis of treatment guessing suggested that the masking procedure was highly effective. In conclusion, the present study shows that green tea improves alertness. Since black tea contains higher levels of caffeine, this effect is likely underpinned by non-caffeine mechanisms or caffeine/non-caffeine compound interactions.Improved vigilance is consistent with caffeine effects which may be modulated by cardiovascular effects. Interestingly the cardiovascular effects are opposite to those reported for chronic tea interventions. These results suggest that acute cognitive and cardiovascular components of tea merit further investigation both in the presence and absence of caffeine.
Nonsurgical complications after bariatric surgery
Authors: Simoens Caroline , Verbiest Astrid , Van der Borght Wout , Van den Eynde Amber , Brenninkmeijer Karen , Moyson Carolien , Matthys Christophe , Meulemans Ann , Lannoo Matthias , Van der Schueren Bart , Mertens Ann 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity is a major public health concern, which has led to the development of surgical treatment strategies that achieve long-term sustainable weight loss and improvement of comorbidities and quality of life. However, nonsurgical complications can occur which sometimes necessitate hospital readmission depending on the severity. Current literature about hospital admission for nonsurgical complications after bariatric surgery is especially sparse. We performed a 5-year retrospective analysis of patients admitted for nonsurgical complications after bariatric surgery at the Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven (Belgium). Patient and readmission characteristics were described by type of first bariatric surgery performed, time after first surgery, amount of bariatric surgeries in total, reason for hospitalization (nutritional, functional, psychological, metabolic and medical), need for parenteral and enteral feeding during hospitalization and duration of hospitalization. In a period of five years, there were 152 hospitalizations of 107 patients (86% females). The majority of patients (53%) underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and had in total 1 (1–2) bariatric procedures. The median BMI before the first bariatric procedure was 40.7 (37.9–46.7) kg/m2. Patients were admitted 7.6 (3.4–13.1) years after surgery at an average age of 49 ± 12 years. Nutritional (66.4%), functional (37.5%) and co-presenting nutritional-functional (25.0%) problems were the most important reasons for hospitalization. In regard to the nutritional complications, the most important reasons for hospital admission were dumping syndrome (19.7%), macro- and micronutrient deficiencies (16.4%), bad compliance to prescribed nutritional guidelines (14.5%), anorexia (11.2%), extensive weight loss (10.5%) and failure to thrive (9.2%). During hospitalization, parenteral and enteral feeding was started in 19.1% and 9.9% of hospitalizations, respectively. The median duration of all hospitalizations was 8 (4–13) days. To conclude, the majority of hospitalized patients underwent RYGB and was female. Most patients were admitted late after surgery and nutritional problems were the most common complication. Nonsurgical complications after bariatric surgery are a clear illustration of the double-edged sword of surgical obesity management. The exact gastrointestinal anatomical and physiological changes provide the intended effect of weight loss, but may also elicit unintended imbalances of excessive losses of nutrients that compromise the outcome. Our findings demonstrate the need for lifelong multidisciplinary follow-up of lifestyle behavior and education on diet both before and after bariatric surgery.
The role of gastric emptying in β-carotene absorption during simulated in vitro digestion
Authors: Kalungwana Ng'andwe , Marshall Lisa , Mackie Alan , Bosch Christine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe availability of β-carotene from provitamin A rich foods in order to improve the provision of vitamin A in humans through food-based approaches is an important factor in mitigating micronutrient deficiencies. However, the extent of intestinal absorption (and subsequent availability of carotenoids to target tissues) is dependent on meal preparation, components of the meal and other intrinsic factors during gastro-intestinal (GI) digestion. Gastric emptying (GE), dictated by the caloric value of a meal, has been suggested as a critical component in determining β-carotene absorption. Indeed, dietary intake of high energy meals may just unravel the underlying factors associated with low uptake of dietary carotenoids during digestion. While several studies have reported the uptake of β-carotene as an individual pure compound under different digestive conditions(1), very few studies have assessed the effects of dietary carotenoids embedded in an energy dense meal, as would normally be consumed, on GI transit time and subsequent nutrient release.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we investigated the role of meal composition, particularly its caloric value, in modulating gastric emptying and thus the absorption of β-carotene. A step-by-step in vitro semi-dynamic model that simulates adult gastric digestion(2) was used on a prepared standard meal whose caloric value was estimated based on the Atwater system as described elsewhere with the assumption that the caloric density of the meal will assume a linear GE rate of 2kcal/min.ResultsPreliminary results indicate that, short transit times of 40 minutes, mimicking early GE, have the highest concentration (3.84 ± 0.014; Mean SD) and therefore, highest bioaccessibility (55.7%) compared to the longer transit time of 160 minutes (0.81 ± 0.002; Mean SD) and (11.8%) for β-carotene concentration and bioaccessibility from a standard meal, respectively.DiscussionThe results suggest that gastric behaviour of the food determines the kinetics of bioaccessibility that may not result in low β-carotene release and ultimately low bioaccessibility from the embedded matrix.
Consumption of fruit and vegetables: the ROUND (woRld map of cOnsUmption of fruit and vegetables and Nutrient Deficits) project
Authors: Gregori Dario , French Megan , Gallipoli Silvia , Lorenzoni Giulia , Ghidina Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction: In 2017, 11 million deaths and 255 million DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors, with low intake of fruits being the leading risk factor globally(1). Adequate F&V consumption is considered in the WHO (2010) report on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to reduce the risk for NCDs (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers). Recommended daily intake of F&V vary from the WHOs 3400 g/day to ~750 g/day (including potatoes) in the U.S(2), but per capita availability is not always met, even in Europe(3). Increased availability, affordability, and consumption of F&V is part of policy options in the WHOs 2013–2020 global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs. The aim of the ROUND project is to evaluate consumption of F&V in adults between countries and to identify, characterize, and map interactively vulnerable population groups and nutrient deficiencies, thus providing a useful tool for research and policy.Methods: Data relating to adult consumers from dietary surveys in Europe and the United States were assessed. Analyses were performed using Bayesian hierarchical models.Results: Data for adults from surveys contained within the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Comprehensive European food consumption database and U.S Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Database FICRCD were included in the analysis. Mean per capita daily consumption of total fruit, vegetables (excluding starchy roots/tubers), fresh legumes, and F&V juice in Europe ranges from 261 g/d in Latvia (2008) to 552 g/d in Romania (2012), and in the U.S from 560 g/d (2005/06) to 616 g/d (2001/02). Mean fruit intake (excluding juice) alone ranges from 85 ± 98 g/d in Ireland (2008) to 226 ± 231 g/d in Estonia (2013), mean vegetable intake ranges from 62 ± 58 g/d in Sweden (1997) to 382 ± 194 g/d in Romania (2012), and mean F&V juice intake ranges from 6 ± 32 g/d in Romania (2012) to 223 ± 368 g/d in Germany (2007).Discussion: Data on adult F&V consumption varies across countries and are often below recommended intake [3]. Identification and interactive mapping of low F&V consuming regions highlights vulnerable population groups which provides a useful tool for related research and policy.