bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Outcomes of Combined Cataract Extraction Technique with Ab-interno Trabeculectomy  and Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation  in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Izquierdo Juan Carlos , Mejias Josefina , Cañola Laura , Agudelo Natalia , Rubio Barbara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Glaucoma surgery have been developed to lower intraocular pressure in a less invasive manner than traditional glaucoma surgery. The purpose of this article is to determine the outcome of using combined phacoemulsification technique, ab-interno trabeculectomy dual blade and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) surgeries in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Methods: A retrospective case series was performed on 27 consecutive eyes with both primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and cataract; each eye was treated with combined phacoemulsification, ab-interno trabeculectomy-Kahook Dual Blade and Endocyclophotocoagulation at Instituto de ojos Oftalmosalud, Lima, Peru, between April 2017 and May 2017. Inclusion criteria: 1) Patients with uncontrolled mild to advanced POAG (according to Glaucoma Grading Scale HODAPP) 2) cataract condition 3) treatment with two or more glaucoma medications due to rapid progression in the visual fields (at least two in a short period of time). Intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logMAR and number of glaucoma medications were recorded prior to the study, at day 1, week 1, and 1,3,6 and 9 months after surgery. Primary outcome measure was surgical success defined in terms of IOP <14 mmHg either with no medications (complete success) or with medications (qualified success). Results: A total of 27 eyes from 27 patients were included. The mean basal IOP was 17.0±3.7 mmHg and postoperatively was 11.6±1.9 mmHg and 11.4±1.8 mmHg (P<0.001) at 6 and 9 months respectively. Glaucoma medications decreased from 1.9±1.4 to 0.56±1.05 at 9 month follow-ups (P<0.001). Preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) showed and improvement from 0.4± 0.4 LogMAR to 0.2 ± 0.4 logMAR at 9 months. The main complication was blood reflux intra-operatively (66.7%), which resolved without re-operation. The mean IOP was reduced by 32.9% from baseline and the surgical success was 92,6%, (complete success 70,3% and qualified success 29,6%) at 9 months.Conclusions: In patients with POAG, combined treatment with phacoemulsification, ab-interno trabeculectomy and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation effectively reduced IOP and glaucoma medication dependence.
Exploring the use and experience of an infant feeding genogram to facilitate an assets-based approach to support infant feeding
Authors: Thomson Gill , Ingram Jenny , Clarke Joanne L , Johnson Debbie , Trickey Heather , Dombrowski Stephan U , Hoddinott Pat , Darwent Kirsty , Jolly Kate 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: A lack of perceived social support influences women’s infant feeding behaviours. The Infant Feeding Genogram is a visual co-constructed diagram which details people/services that can provide support to women and can facilitate a connection between mothers and their existing assets landscape. The aim of this study is to explore women’s and infant feeding helpers’ experiences and use of an infant feeding genogram delivered to the intervention group of the “Assets-based infant feeding help Before and After birth (ABA)” randomised feasibility trial. Methods: 103 primiparous mothers aged 16+ years were recruited to the trial (trial registration number ISRCTN ISRCTN14760978) in two sites (Site A and Site B) with low breastfeeding prevalence in the UK. Infant feeding helpers (IFHs) co-constructed a genogram at the first antenatal meeting for the intervention group (n=50), and then provided proactive, woman-centered support from ~32 weeks gestation to up to 5 months postnatal. Infant feeding helpers and women’s experiences of the infant feeding genogram were collected via interviews or focus groups. Completed genograms were shared with researchers. Content analysis of the genograms and qualitative data from the interviews and focus groups were analysed thematically. Results: Data comprised 32 completed genograms, and qualitative insights from all 13 infant feeding helpers (two focus groups; 4 interviews) and interviews with a purposive sample of 21 of 50 intervention group women between 4-21 weeks after birth. Content analysis of the genograms highlighted variations, with more personal, individualised genograms completed at Site B compared to Site A. The perceived impact of the genogram was related to the IFHs’ application of the tool. The genogram was either used as intended to raise women’s awareness of available assets and motivate help-seeking behaviour, or as a data collection tool with limited perceived utility. Negative and positive unintended consequences of genogram use were highlighted. Conclusions: The genogram has the potential to offer a woman, family and community-centred approach that focusses on building assets for infant feeding. However, variations in genogram application indicate that revised training is required to clarify the purpose and ensure it is used as intended.
Cohort Profile: The Nigerian HIV Geriatric Cohort Study
Authors: Dakum Patrick , Avong Yohanna Kambai , Odutola Michael Kolawole , Okuma James , Kayode Gbenga Ayodele , Nta Iboro Ekpo , Ndembi Nicaise , Mensah Charles , Khamofu Hadiza , Okonkwo Prosper , Okpanachi John Oko , Ezeanolue Echezona 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The Nigerian HIV Geriatric Cohort (NHGC) is a longitudinal cohort setup to learn how elderly people living with HIV (EPLHIV) in Nigeria fare, despite not being prioritized by the national treatment program, and to deepen knowledge for their differentiated care and achieve better outcomes. In this paper, we describe data collected on sociodemographic and clinical data from EPLHIV from the inception of Nigeria’s national HIV program to 2018.Methods: Patient-level data spanning the period 2004 to 2018, obtained from comprehensive HIV treatment hospitals, that are supported by four major PEPFAR-implementing partners in Nigeria were used. These 4 entities collaborated as member organizations of the Nigeria Implementation Science Alliance. We defined elderly as those aged 50 years and above. From deidentified treatment records, demographic and clinical data of EPLHIV ≥50-year-old at ART initiation during the review period was extracted, merged into a single REDcap® database, and described using STATA 13.Results: A total of 101,652 unique EPLHIV entries were analysed. This cohort’s data was of 53,608(52.7%) women, 51,037(71.4%) of EPLHIV identified as married and 33,446(51.1%) unemployed. Mean age was 57.1 years (SD=6.9) with average duration on ART as 4.6 years (SD=3.5). ART profile showed that 88,792(95.7%) were on 1st-line and 55,905 (64.9%) were on TDF-based regimens. Mean-body mass index (BMI) was 23.0 kg/m2 (SD=5.4 kg/m2) with 56,010(55.1%), 19,619(19.3%) and 8844(8.7%) showing normal (18.5kg/m2–24.9kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25 -<30kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥30kg/m2) ranges respectively. Prevalence of hypertension (systolic-BP >140mmHg or diastolic-BP >90mmHg) was 21,550(21.2%). EPLHIV Mean CD4 count was 420cells/μL (SD=285cells/μL) and 83,660(82.3%) had a viral load result showing <1000copies/ml. As for treatment outcomes, 54.1% were active-in-treatment, 28.4% were lost-to-follow-up and 6.8% died. Poor population death records and aversion to autopsies makes it almost impossible to estimate AIDS-related deaths.Conclusions: This cohort describes the clinical and non-clinical profile of EPLHIV in Nigeria. We are following up the cohort to design and implement intervention programs, develop prognostic models to achieve better care outcomes for EPLHIV. This cohort would provide vital information for stakeholders in HIV prevention, care and treatment to understand the characteristics of EPLHIV.
Interleukin-4 gene polymorphism (C33T) and the risk of the asthma: A meta-analysis based on 24 studies
Authors: Imani Danyal , Eslami Mohammad Masoud , Sarab Gholamreza Anani , Aliyu Mansur , Razi Bahman , rezaei Ramazan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies evaluated the association of IL-4 C33T polymorphism and risk of bronchial asthma but failed to establish a consistent conclusive association. In the present meta-analysis, we intend to define a more reliable estimate of the association in the presence of filling published literature.Methods: An exhaustive search in web of science, Scopus, and PubMed databases was performed to identify all relevant publications before September 2020, and 24 publications (28 studies) with 6587 cases and 8408 controls were included in final analysis. The association between polymorphism and risk of asthma were measured by Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, Cochran Q and the I2 statistics were used to evaluate the degree of heterogeneity between studiesResults: In the overall study populations, a significant positive association was detected under all genotype models and announced the IL-4 C33T polymorphism as a potential risk factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. In the subgroup analysis by age, a significant association between IL-4 C33T polymorphism and risk of asthma in different age groups was identified in allelic model, which highlighted the predisposing role of the T allele for the asthma risk in all three age groups. Furthermore, the results of subgroup analysis by continent were heterogenous. Accordingly, IL-4 C33T polymorphism was a risk factor in Europeans (all models except heterozygote compression), Americans (all models except recessive and homozygote compression) and Asians (just recessive and allelic model). Finally, the ethnicity-specific analysis disclosed a significant association between IL-4 C33T polymorphism and asthma risk in Caucasians (all genotype models except heterozygote comparison), while this association was not significant in American-Africans.Conclusions: This study suggests that IL-4 C33T polymorphism potentially acts as a risk factor for asthma in different ethnicities and age groups.
Evaluation of 24 protocols for the production of platelet-rich fibrin
Authors: Miron Richard J , Chai Jihua , Fujioka-Kobayashi Masako , Sculean Anton , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate 24 protocols for the production of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) produced via horizontal centrifugation to better understand cell separation following protocols at various times and speeds. Methods: All protocols were compared utilizing a recent method to quantify cells in PRF in 1 mL sequential layers pipetted from the upper layer downwards until all 10 mL were harvested. In total, 960 complete blood counts (CBCs) were investigated. Both solid and liquid-based PRF protocols were investigated following 24 protocols involving 6 relative centrifugal force (RCF) values (100,200,400,700,1000 and 1200g) at 4 centrifugation times (3,5,8 and 12 minutes). Results: In general, platelets could more easily accumulate in the upper 4 layers when compared to leukocytes owing to their lower cellular density. Protocol time seemed to have a greater impact on the final cell layer separation when compared to the effect of speed. Protocols of greater than 8 minutes at 400 g led to no leukocyte accumulation in the upper PRF layers (found specifically within the buffy coat). Protocols at or below 200 g were unable to effectively accumulate platelets/leukocytes. The optimal centrifugation speed and time for solid-PRF ranged between 400-700 g for 8 minutes. It was noted that variability in patient baseline platelet/leukocyte/erythrocyte counts (hematocrit) significantly affected cell layer separation. This finding was more pronounced at lower centrifugation speeds. Conclusions: Within the investigated ranges, a protocol of 700 g for 8 minutes presented the highest yield of platelets/leukocytes evenly distributed throughout the upper PRF layers.
Transcriptome analysis of the hypothalamus and pituitary of turkey hens with low and high egg production
Authors: Brady Kristen , Liu Hsiao-Ching , Hicks Julie , Long Julie A , Porter Tom E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: High egg producing hens ( HEPH ) show increased hypothalamic and pituitary gene expression related to hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal ( HPG ) axis stimulation as well as increased in vitro responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone ( GnRH ) stimulation in the pituitary when compared to low egg producing hens ( LEPH ). Transcriptome analysis was performed on hypothalamus and pituitary samples from LEPH and HEPH to identify novel regulators of HPG axis function.

Results: In the hypothalamus and pituitary, 4644 differentially expressed genes ( DEGs ) were identified between LEPH and HEPH, with 2021 genes up-regulated in LEPH and 2623 genes up-regulated in HEPH. In LEPH, up-regulated genes showed enrichment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid ( HPT ) axis. Beta-estradiol was identified as an upstream regulator regardless of tissue. When LEPH and HEPH samples were compared, beta-estradiol was activated in HEPH in 3 of the 4 comparisons, which correlated to the number of beta-estradiol target genes up-regulated in HEPH. In in vitro pituitary cell cultures from LEPH and HEPH, thyroid hormone pretreatment negatively impacted gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in cells from both LEPH and HEPH, with the effect being more prominent in HEPH cells. Additionally, the effect of estradiol pretreatment on gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in HEPH cells was negative, whereas estradiol pretreatment increased gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in LEPH cells.

Conclusions: Up-regulation of the HPT axis in LEPH and upstream beta-estradiol activation in HEPH may play a role in regulating HPG axis function, and ultimately ovulation rates. Thyroid hormone and estradiol pretreatment impacted gonadotropin mRNA levels following GnRH stimulation, with the inhibitory effects of thyroid hormone more detrimental in HEPH and estradiol stimulatory effects more prominent in LEPH. Responsiveness to thyroid hormone and estradiol may be due to desensitization to thyroid hormone and estradiol in LEPH and HEPH, respectively, due to up-regulation of the HPT axis in LEPH and of the HPG axis in HEPH. Further studies will be necessary to identify possible target gene desensitization mechanisms and elicit the regulatory role of the HPT axis and beta-estradiol on ovulation rates in turkey hens.
The current status of gender equity in medicine in Korea: An online survey about perceived gender discrimination.
Authors: Shin Hyun-Young , Lee Hang Aie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Although the number of women doctors has increased in South Korea, and efforts to improve gender awareness have gained importance in recent years, the issue of gender equity in the medical field has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of gender equity in the medical profession in Korea. Methods: An online survey on perceived gender discrimination was conducted for two months, with both men and women doctors participating. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1,170 doctors responded to the survey (9.2% response rate). The survey found that 47.3% of the women respondents and 18.2% of the men had experienced gender discrimination in the resident selection process (p <0.05); 17.2% of the women and 8.7% of the men had experienced discrimination during the fellowship application process (p <0.05); and 36.2% of the women and 8.0% of the men had experienced discrimination during the professorship application process (p <0.05). Both men and women cited the issue of childbirth and parenting as the number one cause of gender discrimination against women doctors.Conclusions: This study revealed the presence of perceived gender discrimination in the Korean medical society. To address discrimination, a basic approach is necessary to change the working environment so that it is flexible for women doctors, and to change the current culture where the burden of family care, including pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare, is the primary responsibility of women.
Violence –related injuries in a rapidly developing Middle Eastern country: A Retrospective Study from a Level 1Trauma Center
Authors: Mollazehi Monira , El-Menyar Ayman , Mekkodathil Ahammed , Consunji Rafael , Al-Thani Hassan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Violence is a global public health problem leading to injuries, long-term physical, sexual or mental health problems and mortality. The burden of violence-related injuries remains understudied in the Arabian Gulf region. The present study aimed to describe the epidemiology of hospitalized violence-related injuries in Qatar. Methods: A retrospective analysis of trauma registry data from a level 1 trauma center was conducted by including all patients presented to the hospital following violence-related injuries in the duration between June 2010 and June 2017. We analyzed and compared the hospitalized interpersonal and self-inflicted violence groups.Results: The hospitalization rate of violence-related injuries was 4.6 per 100,000 population per year; it was significantly higher in males (5.5/100,000 males/year vs. 1.8/100,000 females/year) and in younger population, specifically in the 25-34 years age-group (41%). South Asians constituted 55% of the affected study population. Interpersonal violence (76.7%) was the commonest type of violence. Significant differences between interpersonal and self-inflicted violence were evident especially the type of trauma (i.e. blunt or penetrating), injured body regions, alcohol use, injury severity, intubation and psychiatric referrals (p<0.05). Overall in-hospital mortality was 6.4%; higher rate was reported in females (16% vs.5%, p=0.001). Outcomes including length of hospital stay and mortality were comparable regardless of the type of violence. Multivariable analysis showed that male gender and Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) positivity were predictors for interpersonal violence whereas Injury Severity Score and Glasgow Coma Scale were predictors of mortality among violence patients.Conclusions: The rate of hospitalization for violence-related injuries in Qatar is low; however, its burden on the trauma system is of concern. Although it comprised only 9.6% of the study population, females are more likely to get hospitalized following self-inflicted injuries when compared to interpersonal violence. Disproportionate burden of violence in the South Asians and young population warrants an evidence-based public health approach in violence prevention to well address the risk factors.
Accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography for the evaluation of mandible invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Zezheng , Zhang Shuang , Pu Yumei , Wang Yuxin , Lin Zitong , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Accurate evaluation of mandible invasion and resection with appropriate boundary for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are important for preserving structure and function of mandible and preventing local recurrence. Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), which has high spatial resolution, is now widely used in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial bone lesions. There were no studies systematically evaluate the accuracy of CBCT for evaluation of presence of bone invasion, boundary of bone invasion and presence of nerve invasion. Therefore, this study aimed to systemically explore the accuracy of CBCT in preoperative assessment of mandibular invasion by OSCC.Methods: Thirty mandibular specimens from OSCC patients were collected in this study. The samples were marked and subjected to CBCT examination. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was used for histopathological assessment and used as golden standard. The evaluation included the presence of bone invasion, boundary of bone invasion and presence of nerve invasion. The CBCT and histopathological boundaries of bone invasion were delineated and merged to compare and calculate the deviation of CBCT in boundary evaluation. Results: The accuracy of CBCT in evaluation of presence of mandible invasion was 100%, and the accuracy of CBCT in evaluation of presence of nerve invasion was 69.2%. A mean deviation of 2.97 mm was found for assessment the boundary of bone invasion using CBCT compared with the histopathological standard. The inter-examiner agreement and intra-examiner agreement were perfect for the detection of bone invasion and nerve invasion (κ＞0.8). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.923 for the consistency test of boundary delineation on CBCT image.Conclusion: CBCT is quite reliable in determine the presence or absence of mandible invasion, while not so reliable for nerve invasion. The deviation in bone invasion boundary estimation should be considered in the osteotomy for OSCC.
Targeted exome sequencing identified a&nbsp;novel USH2A&nbsp;mutation in a&nbsp;Chinese Usher syndrome family: a case report
Authors: Xing Dongjun , Zhou Huaiyu , Yu Rongguo , Wang Linni , Hu Liying , Li Zhiqing , Li Xiaorong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Usher syndrome is a disease with a heterogeneous phenotype and genotype. Our purpose was to identify the gene mutation in a Chinese family with Usher syndrome type 2 and describe the clinical features.Case presentation: A 23-year-old man complained of a 10-year duration of nyctalopia and a 3-year decline in visual acuity of both eyes accompanied by congenital dysaudia. To clarify the diagnosis, the clinical symptoms were observed and analysed in combination with comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations as well as genetic analysis (targeted exome sequencing, TES). A typical clinical presentation of Usher syndrome of the fundus was found, including a waxy yellow-like disc, bone-spicule formations and retinal vessel stenosis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) showed loss of the ellipsoid zone and a reduction in paracaval vessel density in both eyes. Genetic analysis identified a novel homozygous c.8483_8486del (p.Ser2828*) mutation in USH2A. The mutation resulted in premature termination of translation and caused the deletion of 19 fibronectin type 3 domains (FN3), transmembrane (TM) regions and PDZ-binding motif domains, which play an important role in protein binding. After combining the clinical manifestations and genetic results, the patient was diagnosed with Usher syndrome type 2.Conclusions: We found a novel c.8483_8486del mutation in the USH2A gene through TES techniques. The results broaden the spectrum of mutations in Usher syndrome type 2 and suggest that a combination of clinical information and molecular diagnosis via TES could help Usher syndrome patients obtain a better diagnosis.