bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture (RSSSM) dataset covering 2003–2018
Authors: Chen Yongzhe , Feng Xiaoming , Fu Bojie 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Soil moisture is an important variable linking the
atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. However, long-term satellite
monitoring of surface soil moisture at the global scale needs improvement.
In this study, we conducted data calibration and data fusion of 11
well-acknowledged microwave remote-sensing soil moisture products since 2003
through a neural network approach, with Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)
soil moisture data applied as the primary training target. The training
efficiency was high (R2=0.95) due to the selection of nine quality
impact factors of microwave soil moisture products and the complicated
organizational structure of multiple neural networks (five rounds of iterative
simulations, eight substeps, 67 independent neural networks, and more than 1
million localized subnetworks). Then, we developed the global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture dataset (RSSSM) covering
2003–2018 at 0.1∘ resolution. The temporal
resolution is approximately 10 d, meaning that three data records are
obtained within a month, for days 1–10, 11–20,
and from the 21st to the last day of that month. RSSSM is proven comparable to the
in situ surface soil moisture measurements of the International Soil
Moisture Network sites (overall R2 and RMSE values of 0.42 and 0.087 m3 m−3), while the overall R2 and RMSE values for the existing
popular similar products are usually within the ranges of
0.31–0.41 and 0.095–0.142 m3 m−3),
respectively. RSSSM generally presents advantages over other products in
arid and relatively cold areas, which is probably because of the difficulty
in simulating the impacts of thawing and transient precipitation on soil
moisture, and during the growing seasons. Moreover, the persistent high
quality during 2003–2018 as well as the complete spatial
coverage ensure the applicability of RSSSM to studies on both the spatial
and temporal patterns (e.g. long-term trend). RSSSM data suggest an
increase in the global mean surface soil moisture. Moreover, without
considering the deserts and rainforests, the surface soil moisture loss on
consecutive rainless days is highest in summer over the low latitudes
(30∘ S–30∘ N) but mostly in winter over
the mid-latitudes (30–60∘ N,
30–60∘ S). Notably, the error
propagation is well controlled with the extension of the simulation period
to the past, indicating that the data fusion algorithm proposed here will be
more meaningful in the future when more advanced microwave sensors become
operational. RSSSM data can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912597 (Chen, 2020).
Reseña. Ramiro Zó. El corazón de la escritura: la novela latinoamericana. Mendoza: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 2019
Authors: Torres Verónica Haydeé 
Published: January 2021

Reseña. Ramiro Zó. El corazón de la escritura: la novela latinoamericana. Mendoza: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 2019
El periodismo literario del conflicto en Colombia: Olga Behar, El clan de los doce apóstoles y María T. Ronderos, Guerras recicladas
Authors: Sánchez-Blake Elvira Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

El conflicto armado en Colombia ha generado un flujo de material periodístico y literario que intenta entender y reflexionar sobre la violencia que permea el país. Contar los hechos se ha convertido en un deber, y analizarlos a la luz de la verdad, en una responsabilidad. Este ensayo analiza dos obras representativas del periodismo literario que han generado impacto en la opinión pública y que a la vez han develado asuntos de trascendencia en el acontecer nacional en los años recientes: El clan de los doce apóstoles de Olga Behar (Icono, 2011) y Guerras recicladas: una historia periodística del paramilitarismo en Colombia de María Teresa Ronderos (Aguilar, 2014). El objetivo es explorar las técnicas narrativas que utilizan las autoras para generar conciencia crítica sobre uno de los movimientos que tuvo mayor impacto en el conflicto armado en Colombia, el paramilitarismo. Se analizan las técnicas narrativas a partir de los conceptos studium y punctum planteados por Roland Barthes en Camera Lucida como estrategias discursivas para transmitir un mensaje poderoso sobre la realidad colombiana.
El amor en A. Machado y M. de Unamuno
Authors: López Ruiz Patricia Teresa 
Published: January 2021

Aun teniendo en cuenta el interés de ambos por la cuestión de la otredad, la obra machadiana y unamuniana resultan dispares si pensamos en las estrategias literarias que emplearon para otraerse o en la finalidad que tenían. Machado, para conocerse a sí mismo, recurrió a una creación de figuraciones que se expresaran por sí mismas más similar a la de Pessoa −aunque sin llegar a alcanzar tal grado de desvinculación−, esto es, y pese a las diversas denominaciones que les ha dado la crítica, a la creación de unos apócrifos. Por el contrario, Unamuno, anehelando la inmortalidad, introdujo su figura de autor como personaje, puso parte de lo que él era en la construcción de estos seres que quedarían dentro de la historia de la literatura o creó un yo ex futuro poeta (en el caso de Rafael), más ajeno a su persona de lo que lo son los apócrifos, pero no tanto como para que lo podamos denominar heterónimo. A pesar de estas diferencias, nuestros dos escritores convergieron a la hora de hallar en el amor el motor necesario para dar el salto de lo uno hacia lo otro.
Even taking into account their interest in the question of otherness, the machadian and unamunian works, are disparate if we think about the literary strategies they used for others or in the purpose they had. Machado, to know himself, resorted to a creation of figurations that would express themselves, more similar to that of Pessoa -although without reaching such a degree of disconnection- namely, and despite the various denominations that criticism have given, to the creation of apocryphal. On the contrary, Unamuno, yearning for immortality, introduced his figure of author as a character, put part of what he was in the construction of these beings that would remain within the history of literature or created a poet ex-future self (in the case of Rafael), more alien to his person than the apocryphal are, but not so much so that we can call it heteronym. Despite these differences, our writers converged at the time of finding in love the engine necessary to jump from one the other.
Le voyage comme palimpseste identitaire dans Grande Section, le premier roman d’Hadia Decharrière
Authors: Soto Ana Belén 
Published: January 2021

En el contexto actual, el viaje y el movimiento desempeñan un papel esencial en la definición de fronteras geopolíticas a la vez que identitarias. En este sentido, cabe poner de relieve cómo el mosaico literario de las xenografías francófonas contemporáneas refleja la impronta de los procesos migratorios actuales que dibujan un nuevo paseo y paisaje en las letras románicas. En el presente artículo, nos proponemos analizar Grande Section, la primera novela de Hadia Decharrière, con el objetivo de ilustrar la preponderancia de la escritura autoficcional en el ámbito literario ya citado. Asimismo, esta novela nos permitirá abordar los matices particulares que la temática del viaje adquiere en su proyecto escriptural. Su temática, inicialmente ligada al desplazamiento geográfico, nos permitirá esbozar las consecuencias de este desarraigo identitario con significado ontológico.
In the current context, travel and movement play an essential role in the definition of geopolitical borders as well as identity. In this sense, it is worth highlighting how the literary mosaic of contemporary Francophone xenographs reflects the imprint of current migratory processes that draw a new path and landscape in Romanesque literature. In this article, we propose to analyse Grande Section, Hadia Decharrière’s first novel, with the aim of illustrating the preponderance of autofictional writing in the aforementioned literary field. Also, this novel will allow us to address the particular nuances that the topic of the trip acquires in its scriptural project. Its theme, initially linked to geographical displacement, will allow us to outline the consequences of this identity uprooting with ontological meaning.
Relación entre la práctica de actividad física y el apoyo social percibido de los adolescentes de la provincia de Soria
Authors: Sanz-Martín D. , Ruiz-Tendero G. , Fernández-García E. 
Published: January 2021

Existe cierta preocupación social por conocer los niveles de práctica de actividad física de los adolescentes, para poder llevar a cabo propuestas de mejora si fuera necesario. Este estudio fue diseñado con la finalidad de conocer esos niveles de los adolescentes de Soria y el apoyo social que perciben para su práctica, tanto de familiares como de amigos, en función del sexo del alumnado, e identificar el tipo de relación existente entre su práctica y la percepción del apoyo social. La muestra estuvo formada por 694 adolescentes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de la provincia de Soria, a los cuales se les administró Four by one day physical activity questionnaire, parent support scale y peer support scale. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en los niveles de actividad física y de apoyo social en función del sexo del alumnado y se obtuvo correlación significativa entre estos niveles y el apoyo percibido.
There is a social concern about knowing the levels of physical activity practice of adolescents, in order to carry out improvement proposals if necessary. This study was designed with the purpose of getting to know those levels of adolescents of Soria and the social support they perceive for their practice, from family and friends, depending on the gender of the students, and identifying the type of relationship between their practice and social support perceived. The sample selected was 694 adolescents of Compulsory Secondary Education from the province of Soria, to whom Four by one day physical activity questionnaire, parent support scale and peer support scale, were administered. The results showed significant differences in physical activity levels and social support according to the gender of the students and a significant correlation has been obtained between these levels and the support perceived.
Quality of radiation protection aprons and quality control routines at different diagnostic imaging modalities
Authors: Bjørkås Linda Wie , Blø Sandra , Rekdal Magnus Kristoffersen , Rusandu Albertina 
Published: January 2021

Keywords: Radiation protection apron, Quality control, Routines, Radiation protection, Radiation doses

Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this project was to assess the quality of lead aprons at different departments at two hospitals and to investigate whether there was a connection between routines for controlling lead aprons and the actual condition of the lead aprons.
Methods: Lead aprons were tested in several diagnostic modalities in two hospitals. The lead aprons were inspected visually and by palpation. Furthermore, the lead aprons were scanned with a fluoroscopy unit and the size of the defect was recorded. The radiation dose was measured behind defects exceeding 0,4 cm in length. Radiation protection officers at the two hospitals were contacted for a review of the procedures.
Results: Defects were detected in 19% of the tested aprons. Most findings were discovered in emergency room 1, where 62,5% of the lead aprons had one or more defects. The measured radiation doses behind the defects ranged from 3.996 nGy to 83.370 nGy. No defects were detected on nuclear medicine 1, emergency room 2, CT 2 and intervention 2. Both hospitals' routines were based on the Norwegian Radiation Protection Regulations. Hospital 2 controlled most of the lead aprons one month prior to this project.
Conclusion: A possible connection between the hospitals’ routines and the quality of the lead aprons is indicated by the fact that the hospital with the most defective lead aprons also had the least follow-up of the routines.
Improved Synthesis of Flavonoids by Simulation of Naringenin Chalcone Biosynthetic Reaction
Authors: Sagar Mamta , Ramteke Pramod Wasudev , Katiyar Ravindra Nath , Ahmad Shameem 
Published: January 2021

Metabolic Control Analysis provides a quantitative description of concentration dynamics with the change in system parameters. A metabolic Control Analysis aids determination of the threshold value of metabolites involved in a reaction and also helps to understand the role of various parameters in a reaction. In this work, a metabolic model of a Naringenine chalcone biosynthetic reaction is defined and a time series simulation was carried out based on the law of Mass action. Initial concentration of p-Coumaroyl-CoA and Malonyl-CoA were taken 5.0*10-2 mM 2.2*10-3 mM respectively. This concentration was then simulated over time for 10 seconds to find the steady state. Final concentration of Naringenine chalcone,CO2, and CoA becomes 8.593946e-004 mM after 5.00 second of simulation at reaction constant 6.587753e-005 mM*ml/s. Steady state solution shows that Initial concentration of Naringenine chalcone was 2.199777e-003 mM which is eventually converted into 2.785128e+013 seconds half-life concentration of product at 7.898e-017 mM/s rate and 0.000000e+000 mM*ml/s rate constant. Phenylpropanoid pathway was analysed to predict all the enzymes that can maximise and minimise the concentration of Malonyl-CoA and P-Coumaroyl-CoA which leads to flavonoid biosynthesis. In the Phenylpropanoid pathway four enzymes Phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase, trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase, maximise the flavonoid biosynthesis. This analysis shows that other enzymes minimise the concentrations of Malonyl-CoA and P-coumaroyl-CoA, these are Cinnamoyl Co A reductase, shikimate O hydroxyl transferase HCT), Oxidoreductase. Furthermore, Protein domain analysis of chalcone synthase mutants ( 1jwx Medicago sativa and 4yjy from Oryza sativa) was done to predict structural features to understand reaction mechanism and structure-based engineering to maximise flavonoid biosynthesis. Natural sequence variation CHS G256A, G256V, G256L, and G256F mutants of residue 256 reduce the size of the active site cavity but quick diversification of product specificity occurs. The threshold concentration of Malonyl-CoA and P-coumaroyl-CoA were predicted, maximisation of this concentration leads to enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis. Inhibition of few enzymes may also maximise the flavonoid biosynthesis if appropriate inhibitors are used and a constant supply of Malonyl-CoA and P-Coumaroyl-CoA is maintained using activator molecules. Chalcone synthase Mutants diversify product specificity that occurs without loss of catalytic activity and any conformational changes.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Interesterification of Schizochytrium sp. Oil and Medium‐Chain Triacylglycerols for Preparation of DHA‐Rich Medium and Long‐Chain Structured Lipids
Authors: Zou Xiaoqiang , Zhang Shiqun , Cheng Yang , Huang Jianhua , He Xuechun , Jiang Xuan , Wen Ye , Wu Shibin , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDHA‐rich medium and long‐chain structured lipids (MLSL) were successfully synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed interesterification of microbial oil from Schizochytrium sp. with medium‐chain triacylglycerols (MCT) containing 99% of caprylic acid. Parameters that affected the reaction process were investigated and the conditions were selected as follows: lipase from Aspergillus oryzae, NS40086; reaction time, 8 hours; substrate molar ratio (MCT/microbial oil), 1:1; lipase load, 8 wt%; reaction temperature, 60 °C. Under these conditions, the proportions of MCT, MLSL, and long‐chain triacylglycerols (TAG) in the final products were 12.5%, 62.8%, and 24.6%, respectively. The final product was then subjected to UPLC‐MS/MS. Eighty‐three types of TAG were identified, in which 54 types contained MCFA and MLSL species with relatively high contents were 22:6–8:0–8:0 (6.8%), 8:0–8:0–16:0 (7.5%), and 16:0–16:0–8:0 (7.5%). This product rich in MLSL with DHA and MCFA in the same TAG molecule is beneficial for fat digestion and absorption in infant and thus can increase the bioavailability of DHA at the molecular level.
Enhanced Memory for Vocal Melodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Williams Syndrome
Authors: Weiss Michael W. , Sharda Megha , Lense Miriam , Hyde Krista L. , Trehub Sandra E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAdults and children with typical development (TD) remember vocal melodies (without lyrics) better than instrumental melodies, which is attributed to the biological and social significance of human vocalizations. Here we asked whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who have persistent difficulties with communication and social interaction, and adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome (WS), who are highly sociable, even indiscriminately friendly, exhibit a memory advantage for vocal melodies like that observed in individuals with TD. We tested 26 children with ASD, 26 adolescents and adults with WS of similar mental age, and 26 children with TD on their memory for vocal and instrumental (piano, marimba) melodies. After exposing them to 12 unfamiliar folk melodies with different timbres, we required them to indicate whether each of 24 melodies (half heard previously) was old (heard before) or new (not heard before) during an unexpected recognition test. Although the groups successfully distinguished the old from the new melodies, they differed in overall memory. Nevertheless, they exhibited a comparable advantage for vocal melodies. In short, individuals with ASD and WS show enhanced processing of socially significant auditory signals in the context of music.Lay summaryTypically developing children and adults remember vocal melodies better than instrumental melodies. In this study, we found that children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, who have severe social processing deficits, and children and adults with Williams syndrome, who are highly sociable, exhibit comparable memory advantages for vocal melodies. The results have implications for musical interventions with these populations.
A quantitative LC–MS/MS method for the determination of tissue brincidofovir and cidofovir diphosphate in a MuPyV‐infected mouse model
Authors: Guzman Bryan B. , Schauer Amanda P. , Dunn John A. , Cottrell Mackenzie L. , Sykes Craig 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBrincidofovir (BCV) is an investigational lipid conjugate of the nucleotide analog cidofovir (CDV), which is being developed as a medical countermeasure for the treatment of smallpox. BCV is active against double‐stranded DNA viruses including BK and JC viruses. Here, we validated procedures for quantifying BCV and its pharmacologically active moiety cidofovir diphosphate (CDV‐PP) in mouse kidney, brain and spleen tissue homogenates. Following homogenization, BCV and CDV‐PP were extracted from the tissues by protein precipitation with their stable, isotopically labeled internal standards, BCV‐d6 and 13C315N2‐CDV‐PP. Then, samples were analyzed for BCV by reverse‐phase chromatography on a Waters Xterra MS C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm particle size) column while CDV‐PP was analyzed on a Thermo BioBasic AX (50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm particle size) column using anion exchange chromatography. Detection was achieved by electrospray ionization in positive ion mode on an AB Sciex API‐5000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The calibration curves were linear over a range of 1.00–1,000 ng/ml homogenate and 0.050–50.0 ng/ml homogenate for BCV and CDV‐PP, respectively. These methods were validated according to US Food and Drug Administration guidance for industry and may be used to characterize the tissue pharmacology of both analytes to advance its preclinical development.
Primary and Secondary Effects on Long‐Term Educational Outcomes of Individuals with Experience of Child Welfare Interventions
Authors: Brännström Lars , Stenberg Sten‐Åke 
Published: January 2021

It is well known that individuals with experience of child welfare interventions – here conceptualised as placement in out‐of‐home care (OHC) – tend to have substantially poorer educational outcomes compared to their peers. Numerous explanatory factors have been proposed but few have been informed by mainstream sociological research into educational stratification. Through the lens of primary (ability‐driven explanations) and secondary (choice‐based explanations, conditional on educational performance) effects on social background differentials in educational attainment, longitudinal data from more than 14 000 Swedes (of which around 9% have been placed in OHC) were used to estimate the relative importance of these two basic explanatory processes. Results from decomposition analyses suggest that the secondary effect is the key driver in creating differentials in midlife educational attainment among individuals of different social origins. Such impacts were found to be even stronger in the OHC population. Interventions aimed at improving educational performance in children with experience of OHC may not sufficiently reduce educational inequalities across the life course if choice‐based explanations are not addressed.Key Practitioner Messages

Individuals with a history of child welfare intervention are educationally disadvantaged.
Causes of educational inequality can be decomposed into primary (ability‐driven explanations) and secondary (choice‐based explanations, conditional on educational achievement) effects.
Secondary effects are particularly strong in child welfare populations.
Former child welfare clients will continue to be educationally disadvantaged if secondary effects are not addressed.
‘Causes of educational inequality can be decomposed into primary (ability‐driven explanations) and secondary (choice‐based explanations, conditional on educational achievement) effects’
Comparison of extraction sites versus artificial defects with xenogenic bone substitute in minipigs
Authors: Steiner Constanze , Karl Matthias , Laschke Matthias W. , Schupbach Peter , Venturato Andrea , Gasser Angelines 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe preclinical evaluation of bone substitutes is frequently performed in artificially created defects. However, such defects do not reflect the predominant clinical application of bone substitutes for socket preservation. Hence, the goal of this animal study was to compare the performance of a xenogenic bone substitute in extraction sites versus artificial defects.Material and MethodsFour study sites each were created in the mandibles of four minipigs in the region of the third premolars and first molars, respectively. On one side, fresh extraction sockets were established while contralaterally trephine defects were created in healed alveolar bone. All sites were augmented using a particulate xenogenic bone substitute, covered by resorbable membranes and allowed to heal for 12 weeks. The amounts of new bone, non‐bone tissue and remaining bone substitute granules were quantified through histological and micro‐CT analysis. Comparative statistics were based on t‐tests for two samples and ANOVA with the level of significance set at α = 0.05.ResultsHistomorphometric data from only two animals could be quantitatively analyzed due to difficulty with identifying the surgical sites. The percentage of newly formed bone ranged between 53.2% ± 5.6% for artificial defects and 54.9% ± 12.4% for extraction sites. With the exception of ANOVA indicating a greater amount of non‐bone tissue in extraction sites as compared to artificial sites (p = 0.047), no statistically significant differences were observed. Micro‐CT scans showed patterns similar to the ones observed in histomorphometry. As extraction sites could be identified only in two micro‐CT reconstructions, quantitative assessment was not undertaken.ConclusionsDespite the comparable performance of bone substitute material in artificial defects and extraction sites found here, the data gathered with this experiment was insufficient for showing equivalence of both approaches.