bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of pulsed calibration of welded tubular part
Authors: Kurlaev N V , Ryngach N A , Tagoev F M , Ahmed Soliman M E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article presents the analysis of electrodynamic processes during magnetic-pulse “expansion” of thin-walled tubular parts. The authors consider the cases where tubular parts are made by welding. As a result of welding, a deviation from the round shape occurs which requires calibration. Particular attention is paid to the case when the welding zone of a metal thin-walled tube touches the die. For the dynamic analysis of large deformations, the finite element method (FEM) based on the ANSYS software package is used, whose feature is the ability to implement a comprehensive solution to this class of problems. Using numerical calculations and optimization for pulsed metal forming, in particular pressure pulsed magnetic field (PMF), a nomogram was constructed to determine the required technological regimes that take into account the properties of the material and the pressure amplitude of the pulsed magnetic field.
Rebuilding the wheelset flanges of locomotives by surfacing without wheeling out
Authors: Martynov E M , Shkodkin V I , Romanenko E F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The most effective method to increase the surface life of wheel tires, the flange wear of which outpaces the growth of tire wear significantly, is surfacing of worn flanges of electric locomotive wheel sets. This method, in comparison with the restoration by turning and forming a profile configuration by reducing the thickness of the tire has undeniable advantages: flange surfacing combined with the shape of female profile minimizes the technological wear of the tire before its retirement; idle time of locomotives caused by the need of intermediate turning is eliminated; the costs of maintaining the machines for turning without removing the wheels and purchasing hard-alloyed cutting tools are decreased; wage savings are achieved. The work presents basic information on wheel sets, theoretical data on surfacing, analyzes previously used surfacing materials and provides metallographic studies of the surfaced material. The technology of flange surfacing without removing the wheels from under the electric locomotive was developed and described, that allows reducing the time spent on repair significantly. The use of alloyed surfacing materials instead of low-carbon ones allows reducing the time of surfacing and increasing the resistance to wear of wheel set flanges of traction vehicles. Efficiency of NP-18H1G1M.01 surfacing wire application for wear-resistant surfacing of tire flanges and increase of the overhaul cycle is shown. Increased wear resistance of electric locomotive wheel flanges surfaced with alloyed wire is confirmed by the production test data.
Procedure for research of process strength of deposited high-speed steel used in cutting tools
Authors: Martynov E M , Barchukov D A , Romanenko E F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article considers the existing research techniques applied to metal process strength. The author describes his own procedure for the research of process strength of deposited high-speed steel, taking full account of operating principal of trial plant. A quantitative criterion of the process strength of the deposited metal is proposed.
Study on structure and mechanical properties of 20X13 steel welding joints
Authors: Argirov Y B , Mechkarova T M , Stoyanova A M , Atanasov N M , Konsulova-Bakalova M I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the problem related to the methods of control of the structure and mechanical properties of welding joints formed during the recovery of riveted joints on turbine blades made of 20X13 steel (AISI, 420J2). For the purposes of the study, the methodologies used are for microstructural analysis, micro- and macro-hardness of two types of samples: one without further heat treatment and the other with heat treatment after the process of welding
Possibilities for regulation of distribution of oscillation amplitudes points of working bodies of technological machines
Authors: Eliseev A V , Kuznetsov N K , Eliseev S V , Vuong Q T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Ensuring the reliability of technological equipment is determined by the dynamic characteristics of operating modes. For objects in the form of extended solids that perform flat or spatial movements, the distribution of oscillation amplitudes at the points of the working body is essential. The problem of adjusting the vibration field of a technological machine is considered. The solution uses methods of structural mathematical modeling, when a mechanical oscillatory system, considered as a computational scheme of a technical object, is compared to a structural mathematical model in the form of the structural diagram of a dynamically equivalent automatic control system. A method for forming certain structures of the vibration field of technological machines is offered. The method is based on the use of additional links implemented by special devices for converting movement. Selection of parameters of a vibrating technological machine by using the effects of changing the reduced mass of devices for converting motion, made in the form of screw non-self-braking mechanisms. The developed mathematical models reflect the vibration field of a homogeneous structure created by “zeroing” angular oscillatory movements. The proposed method for setting the vibration stand parameters is illustrated by computational modeling on the example of a model problem.
Applications of Discrete Element Method (DEM) in modeling the impact of dynamic and technological parameters on the material movement on the vibrating screen surface
Authors: Xo Nguyen Van , Linh Nguyen Khac 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A vibrating screen is a device for sorting materials, which is widely used in screening plants [1-3]. The availability of a vibrating screen relies on various parameters, such as dynamic parameters, technological parameters, and so forth [4-8]. When using the traditional method to calculate the design and determine the reasonable parameters for the machine to work efficiently, it would be rather challenging, and the accuracy is high. Also, this process would likely take a lot of time, as well as an increasing cost. This study aims to apply the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to simulate the influence of dynamic parameters and technological parameters on the operating capability of the machine. The results of the paper are graphs showing the importance of the oscillation frequency, the amplitude, the incline angle of the screening surface, the angle of oscillation on material velocity, and material elevation on the sieve. These are essential parameters that significantly affect the performance and productivity of the screen. The findings of the study may be useful for scientists to design parameters for vibrating screen reliability.
Quality control of electrical energy production
Authors: Lvovich I Ya , Lvovich Ya E , Preobrazhenskiy A P , Preobrazhenskiy Yu P , Choporov O N 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe problems associated with the control of electricity production from the point of view of the system approach are considered. The analysis of technological process of production of electric energy as object of control is given. The target function of technological process of production of electric energy is shown. The algorithm of allocation of the main criterion of quality of technological process of production of electric energy is given. Modelling of control of technological process of production of electrical energy with the tuning of the model is carried out. The results show the possibility of reducing the influence of uncontrolled parameters in the systems of electricity production.
Testing cell-type-specific mediation effects in genome-wide epigenetic studies
Authors: Luo Xiangyu , Schwartz Joel , Baccarelli Andrea , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Epigenome-wide mediation analysis aims to identify DNA methylation CpG sites that mediate the causal effects of genetic/environmental exposures on health outcomes. However, DNA methylations in the peripheral blood tissues are usually measured at the bulk level based on a heterogeneous population of white blood cells. Using the bulk level DNA methylation data in mediation analysis might cause confounding bias and reduce study power. Therefore, it is crucial to get fine-grained results by detecting mediation CpG sites in a cell-type-specific way. However, there is a lack of methods and software to achieve this goal. We propose a novel method (Mediation In a Cell-type-Specific fashion, MICS) to identify cell-type-specific mediation effects in genome-wide epigenetic studies using only the bulk-level DNA methylation data. MICS follows the standard mediation analysis paradigm and consists of three key steps. In step1, we assess the exposure-mediator association for each cell type; in step 2, we assess the mediator-outcome association for each cell type; in step 3, we combine the cell-type-specific exposure-mediator and mediator-outcome associations using a multiple testing procedure named MultiMed [Sampson JN, Boca SM, Moore SC, et al. FWER and FDR control when testing multiple mediators. Bioinformatics 2018;34:2418–24] to identify significant CpGs with cell-type-specific mediation effects. We conduct simulation studies to demonstrate that our method has correct FDR control. We also apply the MICS procedure to the Normative Aging Study and identify nine DNA methylation CpG sites in the lymphocytes that might mediate the effect of cigarette smoking on the lung function.
The keys to control a COVID-19 outbreak in a haemodialysis unit
Authors: Rincón Abraham , Moreso Francesc , López-Herradón Ana , Fernández-Robres M Amparo , Cidraque Ignacio , Nin Jordi , Méndez Orleans , López Marisol , Pájaro Carlota , Satorra Àngels , Stuard Stefano , Ramos Rosa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The high rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreading represents a challenge to haemodialysis (HD) units. While fast isolation of suspected cases plays an essential role to avoid disease outbreaks, significant rates of asymptomatic cases have recently been described. After detecting an outbreak in one of our HD clinics, wide SARS-CoV-2 screening and segregation of confirmed cases were performed.

Methods
The entire clinic population, 192 patients, underwent testing for SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression to define variables involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection in our dialysis unit. Later, we analysed differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive patients.

Results
In total, 22 symptomatic and 14 of the 170 asymptomatic patients had a SARS-CoV-2-positive result. Living in a nursing home/homeless [odds ratio (OR) 3.54; P = 0.026], having been admitted to the reference hospital within the previous 2 weeks (OR 5.19; P = 0.002) and sharing health-care transportation with future symptomatic (OR 3.33; P = 0.013) and asymptomatic (OR 4.73; P = 0.002) positive patients were independent risk factors for a positive test. Nine positive patients (25.7%) remained asymptomatic after a 3-week follow-up. We found no significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive patients.

Conclusions
Detection of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive patients is probably one of the key points to controlling an outbreak in an HD unit. Sharing health-care transportation to the dialysis unit, living in a nursing home and having been admitted to the reference hospital within the previous 2 weeks, are major risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Improving translational research in sex-specific effects of comorbidities and risk factors in ischaemic heart disease and cardioprotection: position paper and recommendations of the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart
Authors: Perrino Cinzia , Ferdinandy Péter , Bøtker Hans E , Brundel Bianca J J M , Collins Peter , Davidson Sean M , den Ruijter Hester M , Engel Felix B , Gerdts Eva , Girao Henrique , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Hausenloy Derek J , Lecour Sandrine , Madonna Rosalinda , Marber Michael , Murphy Elizabeth , Pesce Maurizio , Regitz-Zagrosek Vera , Sluijter Joost P G , Steffens Sabine , Gollmann-Tepeköylü Can , Van Laake Linda W , Van Linthout Sophie , Schulz Rainer , Ytrehus Kirsti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIschaemic heart disease (IHD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of death and morbidity in both men and women. Sex, however, affects several aspects of IHD, including pathophysiology, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis as well as treatment and outcome. Several diseases or risk factors frequently associated with IHD can modify cellular signalling cascades, thus affecting ischaemia/reperfusion injury as well as responses to cardioprotective interventions. Importantly, the prevalence and impact of risk factors and several comorbidities differ between males and females, and their effects on IHD development and prognosis might differ according to sex. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these differences are still poorly understood, and their identification might have important translational implications in the prediction or prevention of risk of IHD in men and women. Despite this, most experimental studies on IHD are still undertaken in animal models in the absence of risk factors and comorbidities, and assessment of potential sex-specific differences are largely missing. This ESC WG Position Paper will discuss: (i) the importance of sex as a biological variable in cardiovascular research, (ii) major biological mechanisms underlying sex-related differences relevant to IHD risk factors and comorbidities, (iii) prospects and pitfalls of preclinical models to investigate these associations, and finally (iv) will provide recommendations to guide future research. Although gender differences also affect IHD risk in the clinical setting, they will not be discussed in detail here.
Optimism or pessimism? A composite view on English living standards during the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Gallardo-Albarrán Daniel , de Jong Herman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article examines the evolution of English living standards during the early phase of industrialization (1760–1850). We take a multi-dimensional perspective and apply an indicator that combines four key dimensions of well-being: material living standards, health, working time, and inequality. Contrary to other composite measures of well-being, our welfare metric draws on standard economic theory to aggregate its underlying components. We find decreasing welfare during the late eighteenth century due to rising working time and income inequality, despite improving health. After 1800, workers’ conditions improved when real wages started to rise, although the cumulative effect was not substantial by 1850.
Pharmacological read-through of R294X Mecp2 in a novel mouse model of Rett syndrome
Authors: Merritt Jonathan K , Collins Bridget E , Erickson Kirsty R , Dong Hongwei , Neul Jeffrey L 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily caused by mutations in Methyl-CpG-binding Protein 2 (MECP2). More than 35% of affected individuals have nonsense mutations in MECP2. For these individuals, nonsense suppression has been suggested as a possible therapeutic approach. To assess the viability of this strategy, we created and characterized a mouse model with the common p.R294X mutation introduced into the endogenous Mecp2 locus (Mecp2R294X). Mecp2R294X mice exhibit phenotypic abnormalities similar to those seen in complete null mouse models; however, these occur at a later time point consistent with the reduced phenotypic severity seen in affected individuals containing this specific mutation. The delayed onset of severe phenotypes is likely due to the presence of truncated MeCP2 in Mecp2R294X mice. Supplying the MECP2 transgene in Mecp2R294X mice rescued phenotypic abnormalities including early death and demonstrated that the presence of truncated MeCP2 in these mice does not interfere with wild-type MeCP2. In vitro treatment of a cell line derived from Mecp2R294X mice with the nonsense suppression agent G418 resulted in full-length MeCP2 protein production, demonstrating feasibility of this therapeutic approach. Intraperitoneal administration of G418 in Mecp2R294X mice was sufficient to elicit full-length MeCP2 protein expression in peripheral tissues. Finally, intracranial ventricular injection of G418 in Mecp2R294X mice induced expression of full-length MeCP2 protein in the mouse brain. These experiments demonstrate that translational read-through drugs are able to suppress the Mecp2 p.R294X mutation in vivo and provide a proof of concept for future preclinical studies of nonsense suppression agents in RTT.
An Illegitimate Offspring: South Sea Islanders, Queensland Sugar, and the Heirs of the British Atlantic Slave Complex
Authors: Christopher Emma 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article argues that Pacific Islander labour in Australia was not analogous to earlier Atlantic world slavery and can better be understood as its ‘illegitimate offspring’. Through case studies that connect the Caribbean to Australia, it reveals how the idea of Pacific Islander labour was forged in an environment where the abolitionist battle had been won, but where the interconnected and changing racial constructions of the time, and arguments about what constituted free labour, were very much ongoing. Money, values and personnel moved from the Caribbean and Mauritius to Australia, as explored through the stories of James Williams, a convict of African origin who grew Australia’s first sugar, and Benjamin Boyd, the son of an Atlantic slave trader who first introduced Pacific Islanders to Australia. The final case study is that of Louis Hope, whose mother’s family, the Wedderburns, had previously gained considerable notoriety in the Atlantic world for the way that they treated their enslaved people. Hope was the first person in Australia to employ a large Pacific Islander workforce on his sugar plantation.
Directionality of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection Transmission Within Heterosexual Couples: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Balaji Rajshree , MacCosham Aaron , Williams Khandideh , El-Zein Mariam , Franco Eduardo L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Limited evidence indicates greater female-to-male (F–M) transmission of genital infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) relative to male-to-female (M–F). We verified the hypothesis of a differential transmission rate in couple-based studies by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published until December 2019. We calculated pooled estimates of F–M and M–F transmission rates and their rate differences per 100 person-months, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a random-effects model. We counted occurrences of directionality preponderance for each HPV type.

Results
We identified 7 eligible studies published between 2008 and 2019, providing data for 752 couples. Pooled estimates for F–M and M–F transmission rates were 3.01 (95% CI, 1.19–7.64; I2 = 97%) and 1.60 (95% CI, 0.86–2.98; I2 = 89%), respectively. The overall rate difference was 0.61 (95% CI, −0.27 to 1.49; I2 = 75%). Three studies provided rates by sex and HPV genotype; 2 favored a preponderance of F–M and 1 favored M–F transmission.

Conclusions
There was slight evidence for a differential transmission rate favoring higher F–M than M–F transmission with substantial statistical heterogeneity across studies.
Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of mcr-1-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae in healthy adults from China
Authors: Lu Jiayue , Dong Ning , Liu Congcong , Zeng Yu , Sun Qiaoling , Zhou Hongwei , Hu Yanyan , Chen Sheng , Shen Zhangqi , Zhang Rong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the nationwide prevalence of mcr-1-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae (MCRPKP) strains among healthy adults in China and identify their phenotypic and genomic characterizations.

Methods
A total of 7401 rectal swab samples were collected from healthy individuals in 30 hospitals located in 30 provinces and municipalities of mainland China in 2016. Colistin-resistant bacteria were enriched in colistin-supplemented lysogeny broth. MCRPKP strains were isolated and characterized with MALDI-TOF MS, PCR analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The genomic characteristics of MCRPKP strains were determined by WGS and bioinformatics analysis.

Results
Seven MCRPKP strains and one mcr-1-positive Klebsiella variicola strain were selectively isolated from six locales (three from Henan and one from each of Tianjin, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Gansu and Tibet). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results indicated that all mcr-1-positive strains were susceptible to meropenem, aztreonam and ceftazidime/avibactam. WGS analysis suggested these strains belonged to seven distinct STs: ST15, ST1425, ST1462, ST273, ST307, ST391 and ST37-SLV. mcr-1 genes were carried by diverse plasmids, including IncHI2 (n = 3), IncX4 (n = 2), IncHI2/IncN (n = 1), IncFIB (n = 1) and one other plasmid type. Two ST15 strains harboured both mcr-1 and mcr-8 genes, which has not been reported before.

Conclusions
Our data indicated a low prevalence of mcr-1-positive Klebsiella strains (0.11%, 8/7401) in healthy individuals in mainland China and most of these strains remained susceptible to clinically important antibiotics. The prevalence and coexistence of mcr-1 and mcr-8 in K. pneumoniae may further threaten public health through either the food chain or environmental routes.
The achievement of a given carcass specification is under moderate genetic control in cattle
Authors: Kenny David , Judge Michelle M , Sleator Roy D , Murphy Craig P , Evans Ross D , Berry Donagh P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to estimate the genetic parameters associated with the achievement of desirable weight, conformation, and fat specifications, represented by a series of binary traits. The desired specifications were those stipulated by Irish beef processors, in accordance with the EUROP carcass grading system, and were represented by a carcass weight between 270 and 380 kg, a fat score between 2+ and 4= (between 6 and 11 on a 15-point scale), and a conformation score of O= or better (≥5 on a 15-point scale). Using data from 58,868 beef carcasses, variance components were estimated using linear mixed models for these binary traits, as well as their underlying continuous measures. Heritability estimates for the continuous traits ranged from 0.63 to 0.73; heritability estimates for the binary traits ranged from 0.05 to 0.19. An additional trait was defined to reflect if all desired carcass specifications were met. All genetic correlations between this trait and the individual contributing binary traits were positive (0.38 to 0.87), while all genetic correlations between this trait and the continuous carcass measures were negative (−0.87 to −0.07). The genetic parameters estimated in the present study signify that potential exists to breed cattle that more consistently achieve desirable carcass metrics at harvest.