bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox Chemistry and Nutrient Release from Organic Amended Terrace Soil under Anaerobic Incubation
Authors: Sharmin Sumaya , Kader Md. Abdul , Islam Md. Rezwanul , Faruquee Muhiuddin 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To examine the changes in pH and Eh values of terrace soils during anaerobic incubation when amended with different organic materials, and to study N, P and S release from different manure and bio-slurry in terrace soil under anaerobic condition.
Study Design: The experiment was carried out following Complete randomized design (CRD) with two replications.
Place and Duration of Study: A laboratory incubation study was conducted in Soil Science Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in December 2014 for 98 days.
Methodology: The surface (0-15 cm) soil sample was collected from rice growing field of a selected area of Bhaluka, Mymensingh. The incubation study was carried out using four different sources of organic manures with two replications and five treatment combinations. The changes in soil pH, Eh and release pattern of N, P, and S from some organic materials in terrace soil under anaerobic incubation were investigated during December 2014 to April 2015. The soil was amended with all the treatments at 2g 100 g-1 (air dry basis) soil and incubated for 14 weeks at 25° C. The N, P and S release were determined by the measurement of NH4-N, phosphate P and SO4-S on destructive sampling at every two weeks.
Results: The pH values increased at initial stage but gradually decreased over time to neutral and the soil became reduced with the advancement of incubation, it varies (1-3 weeks) depending on the quality of organic matter used. The reduction potential showed a significant variation among the treatments. Overall, when the pH values were averaged over the weeks, the highest pH value was measured in poultry bio-slurry (PB) amended soil followed by poultry manure (PM), cow dung bio-slurry (CDB) and cow dung (CD) amended soils and the lowest was in control. In case of Eh, the most negative (-133.08) Eh value was measured in PM amended soil followed by poultry bio-slurry (PB), CD and CDB amended soils. Control soil had comparatively positive Eh value. At the end of incubation, the highest amount of NH4-N found in CDB followed by CD, PM, PB and the lowest was in control; the highest amount of phosphate P found in PB followed by PM, control, CDB and CD; the highest amount of SO4-S found in PB followed by PM, CD, CDB and the lowest was in control.
Conclusion: PB is the best source of organic amendment with respect to release of P and S, whereas CDB showed the best performance in release of N. Nutrient release and availability in reduced environment in terrace soil are a function of soil redox chemistry which is influenced by the quality and quantity of organic matter.
Selenoprotein N‐related myopathy: a retrospective natural history study to guide clinical trials
Authors: Silwal Arpana , Sarkozy Anna , Scoto Mariacristina , Ridout Deborah , Schmidt Anne , Laverty Aidan , Henriques Matilde , D'Argenzio Luigi , Main Marion , Mein Rachael , Manzur Adnan Y , Abel Francois , Al‐Ghamdi Fouad , Genetti Casie A , Ardicli Didem , Haliloglu Goknur , Topaloglu Haluk , Beggs Alan H , Muntoni Francesco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe clinical features and disease progression of Selenoprotein N‐related myopathy in a large multicenter cohort of patients.MethodsCross‐sectional multicenter data analysis of 60 patients (53 families) with Selenoprotein N‐related myopathy and single‐center retrospective longitudinal analysis of 25 patients (21 families) over a median period of 5.3 years.ResultsThe majority of patients (46/60, 77%) presented before age 2 years with hypotonia, poor head/neck control, and developmental delay. At last assessment (median age 14 years; range 2.5 to 36 years), 10/60 patients had minimal or no ambulation. Ventilatory support was initiated in 50/60 patients at a mean Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of 38% and at a median age of 13 years. Forty‐five/60 patients developed scoliosis (at median age 12.1 years) and 18 had scoliosis surgery at a median age of 13.6 years. Five children needed nasogastric feeds and/or gastrostomy. Longitudinal data analysis on 25 patients showed progressive decline of Hammersmith functional motor scores (estimated annual change −0.55 point), time to walk 10 meter, time standing from sitting, and from lying. Sixteen patients had weights < 2nd centile. The estimated change in FVC % per year was −2.04, with a 95% CI (−2.94, −1.14).ConclusionsThis comprehensive analysis of patients with Selenoprotein N‐related myopathy further describes the clinical course of this rare condition. The observed functional motor and respiratory data provide evidence of the slow decline patients experience over time which is useful when considering therapeutic intervention.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Cascade Cyclizations of 1,7‐Enynes with Sulfinic Acids: Direct Access to Sulfonated Chromanes and Sulfonated Tetrahydroquinolines under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Liu Qi , Mei Yousheng , Wang Lei , Ma Yongmin , Li Pinhua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVisible‐light‐induced strategy to access sulfonated chromanes and sulfonated 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines via a radical cascade cyclization of 1‐(arylethynyl)‐2‐(vinyloxy)benzenes and N‐allyl‐2‐(arylethynyl)anilines with aromatic and aliphatic sulfinic acids has been developed. In the presence of TBHP (7.5 mol%) as an oxidant and Eosin Y (3.0 mol%) as a photocatalyst, the reactions undergo smoothly to afford the corresponding products in good yields at room temperature under metal‐free conditions. This transformation features low loading of TBHP, mild reaction conditions, simple operation, broad functional‐group tolerance, and good yields of products.magnified image
A3 Coupling Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Volkova Yulia , Baranin Sergey , Zavarzin Igor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the transition‐metal catalyzed three‐component coupling of an aldehyde, an alkyne and an amine, commonly called A3 coupling has become a powerful tool in organic synthesis. The aim of this review is to give a general overview of A3 coupling utility in the synthesis of heterocycles, highlighting the variety of compounds that can be directly accessed from single reactions. The diverse A3 coupling based methodologies that have been developed for the synthesis of N,O,S‐heterocycles are presented, emphasizing the influence of the reaction conditions and the use of additional reagents in the outcome of the transformations.magnified image
Cyclization of Vinylketene Dithioacetals: A Synthetic Strategy for Substituted Thiophenes
Authors: Pan Ling , Zheng Baihui , Yang Xiaohui , Deng Liping , Li Yifei , Liu Qun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA synthetic strategy for the synthesis of substituted thiophenes is described by the one‐pot reaction of indoles with ketene dithioacetals under mild reaction conditions. Promoted by triflic acid (TfOH), the reaction of indoles with the easily available α‐acetyl ketene dithioacetals resulted in the formation of vinylketene dithioacetals via condensation instead of the well known nucleophilic addition‐alkylthio elimination process. In thepresence of CuBr2, vinylketene dithioacetals can cyclize into the corresponding substituted thiophenes. This transformation may benefit from the acidic reaction conditions and the steric effects of the 2‐substituted indoles.magnified image
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of N,N‐Acetals from α‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Using Chiral Imidazoline‐Phosphoric Acid Catalysts
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Wada Tatsumi , Takehara Tsunayoshi , Suzuki Takeyuki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of chiral N,N‐acetals derived from α‐dicarbonyl compounds has been achieved. Good yields and enantioselectivities were observed for the reaction with various α‐dicarbonyl compounds with 2‐aminobenzamides using chiral bis(imidazoline)‐phosphoric acid catalysts. Based on these experimental investigations, a possible transition state is proposed to explain the origin of the asymmetric induction.magnified image
Spatiotemporal variation of common ragweed soil seed bank density in cornfields
Authors: Dong Hegan , Sun Hui , Liu Tong , Liu Zhongquan , Song Zhanli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommon ragweed (CR) (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) can reduce agricultural productivity, especially in corn (Zea mays L.) fields. The spatiotemporal variation of the soil seed bank (SSB) of CR is important for understanding the growth potential and control options of this weed. In 2018, we measured SSB density and seed germination characteristics of CR on the margins of cornfields (18 cornfields, each is >1 ha) as well as 2, 5, and 10 m inside the fields from the margin based on the year of CR invasion (2012–2017) in the Yili Valley, Xinjiang, China. From 2016–2018, we studied the effect of eradicating CR plants on reducing the SSB density of CR. Along the cornfield margins, 80.5% of the total CR seeds were viable in the 0‐to‐5‐cm soil layer (SL) after 6 yr of invasion; however, fewer were viable at 2, 5 and 10 m (respectively, 49.5, 44.1, and 42.3%) inside the cornfields. Different modes of SSB accumulation led to different distribution characteristics of the SSB. The increase in the SSB in cornfields was driven by large‐scale seed production of CR along the margins of cornfields. When there was no new CR seed input for 2 yr (in 2018), the density of the SSB at cornfield margins and 2, 5, and 10 m inside the fields decreased by 90.0, 72.9, 75.4, and 74.6%, respectively. Eradicating CR plants before their seeds mature, and doing so for several years, appears to be an effective strategy for controlling CR.
Seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen fertilization for no‐till cereal production
Authors: Caires Eduardo Fávero , Bini Angelo Rafael , Barão Leonardo Felipe Camargo , Haliski Adriano , Duart Vanderson Modolon , Ricardo Kaynnã da Silva 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCereal crops have a high N requirement in a high‐yield environment. However, N use efficiency is still low in agricultural production systems and little is known about the effects of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in a high‐yield environment. A field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2018 with a maize (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation under a continuous no‐till in southern Brazil. Seeds were inoculated with A. brasilense (strains Ab‐V5 and Ab‐V6) and different levels of N fertilization were used in top dressing. Seed inoculation provided slight changes in N, P, and K concentrations in leaves and grains of maize and wheat. Increasing N input increased the leaf and grain N concentration and the maize and wheat grain yields. Seed inoculation caused varied responses on cereals in different cropping seasons. Wheat was more affected by inoculation in response to N application than maize. Rainfall distribution during the growing seasons possibly interfered on crop responses with inoculation between years and N fertilization levels. Under a similar N input, inoculation resulted in an average increase of 454 kg ha−1 yr−1 of maize and 242 kg ha−1 yr−1 of wheat by applying a higher N rate to the maize and a lower N rate to the wheat. An additional gain of US$409.72 ha−1 (2012–2018) was also achieved using this strategy. Although the possibility of inoculation causing economy with N fertilization in wheat was evident, for maize in rotation with wheat, A. brasilense inoculation was apparently more viable under higher N fertilizer input.
Exome sequencing identifies novel missense and deletion variants in RTN4IP1 associated with optic atrophy, global developmental delay, epilepsy, ataxia, and choreoathetosis
Authors: D'Gama Alissa M. , England Eleina , Madden Jill A. , Shi Jiahai , Chao Katherine R. , Wojcik Monica H. , Torres Alcy R. , Tan Wen‐Hann , Berry Gerard T. , Prabhu Sanjay P. , Agrawal Pankaj B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInherited optic neuropathies (IONs) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by optic atrophy with or without extraocular manifestations. Optic atrophy‐10 (OPA10) is an autosomal recessive ION recently reported to be caused by mutations in RTN4IP1, which encodes reticulon 4 interacting protein 1 (RTN4IP1), a mitochondrial ubiquinol oxydo‐reductase. Here we report novel compound heterozygous mutations in RTN4IP1 in a male proband with developmental delay, epilepsy, optic atrophy, ataxia, and choreoathetosis. Workup was notable for transiently elevated lactate and lactate‐to‐pyruvate ratio, brain magnetic resonance imaging with optic atrophy and T2 signal abnormalities, and a nondiagnostic initial genetic workup, including chromosomal microarray and mitochondrial panel testing. Exome sequencing identified a paternally inherited missense variant (c.263T>G, p.Val88Gly) predicted to be deleterious and a maternally inherited deletion encompassing RTN4IP1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a non‐single nucleotide pathogenic variant associated with OPA10. This case highlights the expanding phenotypic spectrum of OPA10, the association between “syndromic” cases and severe RTN4IP1 mutations, and the importance of nonbiased genetic testing, such as ES, to analyze multiple genes and variants types, in patients suspected of having genetic disease.
Chimerism involving a RB1 pathogenic variant in monochorionic dizygotic twins with twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Armitage Anna M. , Kundra Monica A. , Ghiam Neda , Atwal Paldeep S. , Morel Dayna , Hruska Kathleen S. , Torene Rebecca , Harbour J. William , Forghani Irman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report the first case of blood chimerism involving a pathogenic RB1 variant in naturally conceived monochorionic‐dizygotic twins (MC/DZ) with the twin–twin‐transfusion syndrome (TTTS), presumably caused by the exchange of stem‐cells. Twin A developed bilateral retinoblastoma at 7 months of age. Initial genetic testing identified a de novo RB1 pathogenic variant, with a 20% allelic ratio in both twins' blood. Subsequent genotyping of blood and skin confirmed dizygosity, with the affected twin harboring the RB1 pathogenic variant in skin and blood, and the unaffected twin carrying the variant only in blood.
Drug‐induced cardiomyopathy: Characterization of a rat model by [18F]FDG/PET and [99mTc]MIBI/SPECT
Authors: Houson Hailey , Hedrick Andria , Awasthi Vibhudutta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced cardiomyopathy is a significant medical problem. Clinical diagnosis of myocardial injury is based on initial electrocardiogram, levels of circulating biomarkers, and perfusion imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Positron emission tomography (PET) is an alternative imaging modality that provides better resolution and sensitivity than SPECT, improves diagnostic accuracy, and allows therapeutic monitoring. The objective of this study was to assess the detection of drug‐induced cardiomyopathy by PET using 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐D‐glucose (FDG) and compare it with the conventional SPECT technique with [99mTc]‐Sestamibi (MIBI).MethodsCardiomyopathy was induced in Sprague Dawley rats using high‐dose isoproterenol. Nuclear [18F]FDG/PET and [99mTc]MIBI/SPECT were performed before and after isoproterenol administration. [18F]FDG (0.1 mCi, 200‐400 µL) and [99mTc]MIBI (2 mCi, 200‐600 µL) were administered via the tail vein and imaging was performed 1 hour postinjection. Isoproterenol‐induced injury was confirmed by the plasma level of cardiac troponin and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.ResultsIsoproterenol administration resulted in an increase in circulating cardiac troponin I and showed histologic damage in the myocardium. Visually, preisoproterenol and postisoproterenol images showed alterations in cardiac accumulation of [18F]FDG, but not of [99mTc]MIBI. Image analysis revealed that myocardial uptake of [18F]FDG reduced by 60% after isoproterenol treatment, whereas that of [99mTc]MIBI decreased by 45%.ConclusionWe conclude that [18F]FDG is a more sensitive radiotracer than [99mTc]MIBI for imaging of drug‐induced cardiomyopathy. We theorize that isoproterenol‐induced cardiomyopathy impacts cellular metabolism more than perfusion, which results in more substantial changes in [18F]FDG uptake than in [99mTc]MIBI accumulation in cardiac tissue.
Growth and survival characteristics of spa mice
Authors: Brandenburg Joline E. , Fogarty Matthew J. , Sieck Gary C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCharacterization of growth and survival of mice displaying early onset hypertonic symptoms is critical as these animals are important for research investigating mechanisms and treatments of pediatric conditions associated with hypertonia, such as cerebral palsy. Currently, most animal models of cerebral palsy reproduce risk factors for developing this condition, with most failing to develop the physical symptoms or failing to survive in the postnatal period. The B6.Cg‐Glrbspa/J (Gly receptor mutation) transgenic mouse (spa mouse), displays symptoms of early onset hypertonia, though little has been reported on growth and survival, with no reports of growth and survival since genotyping became available. We found that the majority of spa mice display symptoms by P14‐P16. Of mice surviving to weaning, only ~9% were spa mice. By weaning age, spa mice had significantly lower weights than their heterozygote and wild‐type littermates. Of mice that died after weaning and prior to use in experiments or being culled, 48% were spa mice. The poor growth and decreased survival of spa mice across multiple developmental and adult ages resembled the varied survival rates observed in humans with mild or severe cerebral palsy. The understanding of the expected survival of these mice is helpful for planning breeding and animal numbers for experiments. Due to the symptoms and timing of symptom onset, spa mice will be valuable in uncovering mechanisms and long‐term effects of early onset hypertonia in order to move toward interventions for these conditions.
Anisotropic Seeded Growth of Ag Nanoplates Confined in Shape‐Deformable Spaces
Authors: Chen Jinxing , Bai Yaocai , Feng Ji , Yang Fan , Xu Panpan , Wang Zichen , Zhang Qiao , Yin Yadong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConventional templating synthesis confines the growth of seeds in rigid spaces to achieve faithful morphological replication. Herein, we explore the use of spherical shape‐deformable polymeric nanoshells to regulate the anisotropic growth of Ag nanoplates. The flexible shells deform adaptively to accommodate the initial overgrowth of the seeds but restrict the growth in the directions where the shells are fully stretched, eventually producing nanoplates with an unconventional circular profile. The diameter of the final Ag nanoplates can be precisely predicted by stretching and flattering the nanoshells into a plate‐like capsule while retaining their original internal surface area. Furthermore, unlike conventional templates, the polymer shells eventually turn themselves into a conformal coating that binds to the surface of the full‐grown Ag nanoplates and significantly enhances their stability against oxidative etching.
A Series of Mesoporous Rare‐Earth Metal–Organic Frameworks Constructed from Organic Secondary Building Units
Authors: Lv Xiu‐Liang , Feng Liang , Wang Kun‐Yu , Xie Lin‐Hua , He Tao , Wu Wei , Li Jian‐Rong , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFurther development of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) requires an establishment of hierarchical interaction within the framework. Herein, we report a series of mesoporous rare‐earth (RE) MOFs that are constructed from an unusual 12‐connected π‐stacked pyrene secondary building unit (SBU) and a typical 12‐connected RE6 cluster (RE=Eu, Y, Yb, Tb, Ce). The judicious design of a butterfly‐shape pyrene ligand with a tert‐butyl substituent enables the formation of the disordered 12‐connected organic SBUs on its strong intermolecular π–π interactions. The assembly of 12‐connected inorganic cuboctahedron SBUs and 12‐connected organic distorted hexagonal prism SBUs generates an unprecedented network that can be further simplified into a 4,4‐connected pts net linked from planar square and tetrahedra. This work provides fresh insights into the design and synthesis of frameworks constructed from coordinatively, covalently, and noncovalently linked building units.
Azadiphosphaindan‐1,3‐diyle: Eine Gruppe von resonanzstabilisierten Biradikalen
Authors: Bresien Jonas , Michalik Dirk , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander , Zander Edgar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDie Umsetzung von 1,2‐Bis(dichlorphosphanyl)benzol mit sterisch anspruchsvollen primären Aminen führte zur Bildung von 1,3‐Dichlor‐2‐aza‐1,3‐diphosphaindanen des Typs C6H4(μ‐PCl)2N‐R. Reduktion derselbigen ergab die entsprechenden 2‐Aza‐1,3‐diphosphaindan‐1,3‐diyle (1), die als phosphorzentrierte Singulett‐Biradikal(oid)e beschrieben werden können. Ihre Stabilität hängt von der Größe des Substituenten R ab: Während Derivate mit R=Dmp (2,6‐Dimethylphenyl) oder Ter (2,6‐Dimesitylphenyl) oligomerisierten, war das Derivat mit dem sehr sperrigen R=tBuBhp (2,6‐Bis(benzhydryl)‐4‐tert‐butylphenyl) in seiner monomeren Form stabil gegenüber Oligomerisierung. Die Oligomerisierung resultiert aus der Aktivierung des kondensierten Benzolrings durch ein weiteres Äquivalent des monomeren Biradikals und kann als formale [2+2]‐(Poly)additions‐Reaktion angesehen werden. Rechnungen zeigen, dass der biradikalische Charakter in 1 mit den literaturbekannten P‐zentrierten Biradikalen vergleichbar ist. Ringstromberechnungen zeigen eine Aromatizität innerhalb des gesamten Ringsystems von 1.
Towards Naked Zinc(II) in the Condensed Phase: A Highly Lewis Acidic ZnII Dication Stabilized by Weakly Coordinating Carborate Anions
Authors: Adet Nicolas , Specklin David , Gourlaouen Christophe , Damiens Thibault , Jacques Béatrice , Wehmschulte Rudolf J. , Dagorne Samuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe employment of the hexyl‐substituted anion [HexCB11Cl11]− allowed the synthesis of a ZnII species, Zn[HexCB11Cl11]2, 3, in which the Zn2+ cation is only weakly coordinated to two carborate counterions and that is soluble in low polarity organic solvents such as bromobenzene. DOSY NMR studies show the facile displacement of at least one of the counterions, and this near nakedness of the cation results in high catalytic activity in the hydrosilylation of 1‐hexene and 1‐methyl‐1cyclohexene. Fluoride ion affinity (FIA) calculations reveal a solution Lewis acidity of 3 (FIA=262.1 kJ mol−1) that is higher than that of the landmark Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 (FIA=220.5 kJ mol−1). This high Lewis acidity leads to a high activity in catalytic CO2 and Ph2CO reduction by Et3SiH and hydrogenation of 1,1‐diphenylethylene using 1,4‐cyclohexadiene as the hydrogen source. Compound 3 was characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and DFT studies.
An Open Microfluidic Chip for Continuous Sampling of Solute from a Turbulent Particle Suspension
Authors: Shallan Aliaa I. , Tavares Yakini , Navvab Kashani Moein , Breadmore Michael C. , Priest Craig 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh solids content complicates in situ analysis of chemical processing, biological suspensions, and environmental streams. In most cases, analytical methods require at least one pre‐treatment step of a small volume of sample before a particle‐free fluid can be analyzed. We have developed a continuous in situ sampler that can “sip” particle‐free solution from a turbulent high solids content stream (a slurry). An open microfluidic chip with an extended slit opening shields the internal laminar flow from the turbulence outside. Unlike other open chips, our chip does not require close proximity to a solid surface and operates in turbulent environments for hours without maintenance. Two applications are demonstrated: monitoring FeIII in a stirred slurry of mixed ore particles at high solids loading (4 %wt) and paracetamol tablet dissolution profiles for two different formulations.