bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of an organised population screening programme for colorectal cancer: Measurement after first and second rounds
Authors: Mar Javier , Arrospide Arantzazu , Larrañaga Igor , Iruretagoiena Maria Luisa , Imaz Liher , Gorostiza Ania , Ibarrondo Oliver 
Published: May 2020

Objective The first and second rounds of the Basque programme for organised colorectal cancer screening were implemented between 2009 and 2014. Our objective was to measure the changes in incidence, tumour, node, metastasis staging distribution and tumour, node, metastasis-adjusted survival of patients with colorectal cancer from 2003 to 2014. Method Colorectal cancer cases with screening (patients <70 years old) and without screening (patients ≥70 years old) were compared during three four-year periods: 2003–2006, 2007–2010 and 2011–2014 (fully implemented phase). Cox regression, five-year relative survival and cancer probability of death were calculated for each four-year period, age group and tumour, node, metastasis stage. Adjusted incidence rates were analysed by joinpoint regression. Results In an analysis of 23,301 cases of colorectal cancer, the incidence in patients younger than 70 years in 2013 showed a 17% annual decrease. The survival hazard ratios for stages I, II and III for 2003–2006 and 2007–2010 were compared to those for 2011–2014. From the first to the third period, diagnosis in the early stages (I and II) rose from 45.1% to 50.9% in the younger patient group and remained stable in the older group (49.6% and 49.4%). Additionally, the five-year relative survival rate increased significantly from 0.67 to 0.82 in those patients younger than 70 years, whereas in patients 70 years or older the rate did not change significantly (0.61 and 0.65). Conclusion The screening reduced incidence and improved survival by anticipating the diagnosis and by reducing mortality for each tumour, node, metastasis stage in the target population. The effect on survival could also be due to lead-time bias.
Hyperglycemia as a positive predictor of mortality in major trauma
Authors: Chang Chia‐Peng , Hsiao Cheng‐Ting , Wang Cheng‐Hsien , Chen Kai‐Hua , Chen I‐Chuan , Lin Chun‐Nan , Hsiao Kuang‐Yu 
Published: May 2020

Background:Hyperglycemia in the acute phase after trauma is a stress response and a metabolic reflection in humans with injury, which could adversely affect outcome in trauma patients. In this study, we attempted to identify if hyperglycemia a reliable predictor for mortality in major trauma patients.Objectives:In order to identify if hyperglycemia a reliable predictor for mortality in major trauma, we designed and proformed a prospective observational study in a tertiary hospital.Method:We performed a prospective observational study to review the records of 601 patients with major trauma (injury severity scores >15) who visited our hospital's emergency department from August 2012 to July 2015. Logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of hyperglycemia on mortality.Result:Major trauma patients in the hyperglycemia group had low systolic/diastolic blood pressure at triage, low initial Glasgow Coma Scale score, high incidence of hypotension episodes, coagulopathy, acidosis, and anemia. Hyperglycemia was significantly correlated with mortality in major trauma patients in this study (odds ratio: 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–3.74).Conclusion:In major trauma patients with injury severity scores >15, hyperglycemia has a positive correlation with mortality, which could be a predictor of mortality in clinical practice.
The Psychosocial Adjustment of Children Born With a Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses
Authors: Pinckston Molly , Dalton Louise , Farrar Stephanie , Hotton Matthew T. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To determine the psychosocial adjustment of children born with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Design: Longitudinal analyses of psychosocial outcomes and cross-sectional comparison with published norms. Setting: Retrospective clinical audit at a UK cleft center. Participants: Data available for 1174 participants born with a CL/P at ages 5 (n = 658), 10 (n = 415), and 15 (n = 171), with longitudinal data for a subset of the sample at 5 and 10 (n = 168) and 10 and 15 (n = 49). Main Outcome Measure: Parental-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: The majority of children scored in the average range for overall adjustment. Children born with CL/P had significantly higher mean overall SDQ scores relative to normative data at ages 5 and 10. Longitudinal analysis highlighted that adjustment at age 5 was a significant predictor of adjustment at age 10. Gender was another significant predictor of adjustment at age 5 and 10, with boys reporting more problems than girls. However, effect sizes for the impact of age and gender were small. Cleft type was not a significant predictor of SDQ score at any age. Conclusions: Children aged 5 and 10 years of age born with a cleft may experience greater overall psychosocial difficulties than the general population. The domains on the SDQ on which children experience difficulty may be influenced by age and gender. Future research should focus on the specific impact of cleft-related issues, including speech, language, and hearing difficulties, on psychosocial adjustment.
Metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma with dramatic response to combined checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab and nivolumab
Authors: Baweja Abinav , Mar Nataliya 
Published: May 2020

Introduction Prognosis for patients with lymph node positive or metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma remains poor. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP regimen) is recommended as a first-line option in this cohort of patients. No standard preferred subsequent-line therapy exists for patients with relapsed or refractory penile carcinoma following TIP chemotherapy. Molecular pathogenesis of penile cancer can be subdivided into human papilloma virus-dependent and human papilloma virus-independent pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated increased expression of programmed death ligand-1 in some penile tumors, commonly those that are human papilloma virus-negative. Given the rarity of penile carcinoma in industrialized countries and lack of effective therapies, checkpoint inhibitors may be an attractive treatment option for this subset of patients. Case report We report a case of metastatic penile cancer refractory to TIP chemotherapy, with a dramatic treatment response to ipilimumab and nivolumab. Molecular profiling of this tumor showed a high programmed death ligand-1 expression, high tumor mutational burden, high microsatellite instability, and alterations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Discussion This case highlights another dimension of information that may be gained with molecular genomic profiling of penile tumors, providing insight into the biologic behavior of this neoplasm and assessing for predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Use of micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation for acute rise in intraocular pressure due to anterior segment inflammation
Authors: Asano Shotaro , Chang Victor Koh Teck , Aquino Maria Cecilia Domingo , Kuan Paul Chew Tec 
Published: May 2020

Purpose The aim of this study was to report the use of micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation as an adjunct therapy for two cases of medically uncontrolled intraocular pressure spikes due to anterior segment inflammation. Case description: Case 1 had previous cataract surgery and exhibited an intraocular pressure spike due to phacoantigenic uveitis (right eye intraocular pressure = 52 mmHg). Despite medical treatment, the right eye intraocular pressure remained high (43 mmHg), thus micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation was carried out as a rescue therapy. After micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation, the intraocular pressure at 1 day and 3 weeks was 9 and 16 mmHg, respectively. Case 2 had a history of previous blunt ocular trauma and 180° of angle recession. Both eyes were pseudophakia and underwent right eye Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for posterior capsular opacification. Immediately after the procedure, the right eye intraocular pressure increased to 64 mmHg. Due to poor response to medical therapy, rescue micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation was performed. After micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation, the intraocular pressure at 1 day and 2 months was 12 and 21 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion Micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation successfully decreased intraocular pressure in both cases of acute rise in intraocular pressure. Micropulse trans-scleral cyclophotocoagulation can potentially be useful as a rescue procedure to safely reduce medically uncontrollable intraocular pressure spike due to anterior segment inflammation.
Rituximab in the treatment of Susac’s syndrome: Report of a case
Authors: Monferrer-Adsuara Clara , Remolí-Sargues Lidia , Hernández-Bel Laura , Gracia-García Alicia , Hernández-Garfella María Luisa , Cervera-Taulet Enrique 
Published: May 2020

Significance Susac’s syndrome is a rare retinocochleocerebral immune-mediated endotheliopathy and clinically manifests as a pathognomonic triad of encephalopathy, hearing loss, and branch retinal artery occlusion. This triad is rarely present at symptom onset, thus, it is often initially misdiagnosed. To date, Susac’s syndrome has persisted as an elusive entity and there are numerous treatment regimens proposed with varying effectiveness mainly based on case series. Purpose To report our 12-month follow-up experience in the treatment of Susac’s syndrome with rituximab. Case report A 25-year-old female presenting with headache, paresthesias, tinnitus, peripheral vertigo, and a branch retinal artery occlusion. The patient had a personal history of anxiety-depressive disorder. After discarding other infectious/autoimmune conditions and magnetic resonance imaging suggestive findings of Susac’s syndrome, we observed a prompt response to the combination of intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, and rituximab. Conclusion A standard treatment paradigm is lacking in Susac’s syndrome as randomized controlled trials do not exist. There are no definitive scores to predict its outcome, and early diagnosis is important as the organs involved can easily become irreversibly damaged. Thus, patients with Susac’s syndrome must be treated promptly and aggressively. Our report highlights the possibility of positive long-term prognosis with an early use of rituximab. However, a systematic therapeutic approach on the basis of controlled trials is mandatory to develop a consensus.
Understanding decisions to scale up: a qualitative case study of three health service intervention evaluations
Authors: Rotteau Leahora , Albert Mathieu , Bhattacharyya Onil , Berta Whitney , Webster Fiona 
Published: May 2020

Objective Efforts to scale up evidence-based health care interventions are seen as a key strategy to address complex health system challenges. However, scale-up efforts have shown significant variability. We address the gap between scale-up theory and practice by exploring the socio-cultural factors at play in the evaluation and scale-up of three interventions within the clinical field. Methods A qualitative multiple case study was conducted to characterize the evaluation and scale-up efforts of three interventions. We interviewed 18 participants, including clinicians and researchers across the three cases. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of field and capital as a theoretical lens, we conducted a thematic analysis of the data. Results Despite the espoused goals of ensuring that health service interventions are always based on high-quality evidence within the clinical field, this study demonstrates that the outcomes of the evaluations are not the only factor in the decision to engage in scale-up efforts. Important socio-cultural factors also come into play. Bourdieu uses the term capital to refer to the resources that agents compete for and with their acquisition, accumulate power and/or social standing. The type of evidence valued in the clinical field and the ability to leverage capital in demonstrating that value are also important factors. Conclusions Determining if an intervention is effective and should be scaled up is more complex in practice than described in the literature. Efforts are needed to explicitly include the role of social processes in the current frameworks guiding scaling-up efforts.
Prospective Ultrasound Screening of Men With Cerebrovascular Disease for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Vänni Ville , Turtiainen Johanna , Kaustio Ulla , Toivanen Jari , Rusanen Minna , Hernesniemi Jussi 
Published: May 2020

Background: The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms is higher in population with other vascular comorbidities, especially among men. Utility of screening among patients with cerebrovascular disease is unclear. Objective: To determine the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in male patients with diagnosed cerebrovascular disease manifested by transient ischemic attack or stroke. Methods: Between May 2013 and May 2014, all consecutive male patients undergoing carotid ultrasound in single tertiary center with a catchment area of 179,000 inhabitants were evaluated for ultrasound screening of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Abdominal aortic aneurysm was defined as maximum diameter of infrarenal aorta 30 mm or more. Results: Of 105 (n = 105) consecutively evaluated male patients, only 69% (n = 72) were eligible for the study and underwent aortic screening. Reason for ineligibility was most often poor general medical condition (n = 29). Mean age of screened patients was 66 years (SD 9.8 years). Half of the screened patients suffered stroke (n = 36). The incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm was 5.6% (n = 4). All found abdominal aortic aneurysms were small and did not require immediate surgical intervention. During a follow-up period of over 4 years, none of the aneurysms exhibited tendency for growth. Conclusions: The male population with cerebrovascular disease is comorbid and frail. Only, moderate prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms can be found in this subpopulation.
Direct and indirect utilities of patients with mild to moderate versus severe carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Wang Annie M. Q. , Retrouvey Helene , Krahn Murray , McCabe Steven J. , Baltzer Heather L. 
Published: May 2020

Health utility is a quantitative global measure of patients’ health status. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare health utilities of patients with mild to moderate versus severe carpal tunnel syndrome and determine inter-instrumental agreement. Health utilities of 29 patients with varying severity of carpal tunnel syndrome were measured indirectly by Short-Form Sixth Dimension and EuroQol 5D questionnaire and directly by Chained Standard Gamble and a visual analogue scale. Health utility was 0.69 for Short-Form Sixth Dimension, 0.78 for EuroQol 5D Questionnaire, 0.98 for Chained Standard Gamble, and 0.76 for the visual analogue scale. There was a significant inter-instrumental agreement between three of the instruments, but not the Chained Standard Gamble. The difference in health utilities between patients with mild or moderate versus severe carpal tunnel syndrome was significant only for the EuroQol 5D questionnaire. We conclude based on our results that there are no clear indications on how health utilities can be integrated into decision analysis models and economic evaluation regarding carpal tunnel syndrome of various severities . Level of evidence: IV
Moral Education Curriculum Reform for China’s Elementary and Middle Schools in the Twenty-First Century: Past Progress and Future Prospects
Authors: Tang (唐汉卫) Hanwei , Wang (王阳) Yang 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This article provides a historical overview of the progress made in the moral education curriculum (MEC) reform of China’s elementary and middle schools in the 21st century and discusses its future prospects. Design/Approach/Methods: The main methods used were textual and policy analyses. Findings: While China’s MEC reform is characterized by an openness and modernity achieved through international dialogue, it remains distinctively Chinese. The continued development and improvement of MEC reform can only occur through the careful handling of the various relationships between China and the international community, traditionality and modernity, central and local authorities, as well as theory and practice. Originality/Value: In addition to providing greater insights into and understanding of China’s new MEC reform, this article suggests several ideas for the further development of educational reform.
Misaligned Needs in the Pursuit of Shared Value: A Multi-Stakeholder Study of the Shift from Corporate Social Responsibility to Corporate Social Entrepreneurship in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Hidden Karen , Tresman Marks Jonathan 
Published: May 2020

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has long been highlighted by business and society as essential. However, it has been suggested that over time, the relationship between the corporate donor and their CSR recipients has become fragmented. CSR investments that are predominantly business-driven have led to missed opportunities in fostering a potentially brand loyal market, developing future employees and entrepreneurs and facilitating innovation and growth within the broader economy. In order to address these short comings, it has been argued that a shift from CSR to corporate social entrepreneurship (CSE) may yield a broader set of benefits—for the company, its recipients and society at large. The aim of CSE is to create accelerated and disruptive change in pursuit of new social and economic opportunities. Literature, however, is limited as to the role stakeholders play in this process, especially in contexts where needs and values are not aligned. The current study, drawing on CSE theory, was undertaken to provide a mutually sustainable model of engagement between stakeholders. It also aims to address Porter and Kramer’s (2006) suggestion that there does not appear to be a strategically aligned process available for the benefits of both corporate donors and their recipients. A combination of phenomenology and Grounded Theory was used as methodological frameworks for this research. Staff from Dell Computers South Africa and two of their donor-funded recipients were used as part of the sample group. Eight categories emerged from the data analysis, and a conceptual model, based on the traditional Business Model Canvas, was developed. This model acts as a visual tool for corporates and recipients when engaging in CSE practices as well as a conceptual framework to inform future research and advance theory in the field of CSE.
GPS2 promotes erythroid differentiation by control of the stability of EKLF protein
Authors: Ma Wen-Bing , Wang Xiao-Han , Li Chang-Yan , Tian Huan-Huan , Zhang Jie , Bi Jun-Jie , Ren Guang-Ming , Tao Shou-Song , Liu Xian , Zhang Wen , Li Dong-Xu , Chen Hui , Zhan Yi-Qun , Yu Miao , Ge Chang-Hui , Yang Xiao-Ming , Yin Rong-Hua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a complex multistage process that involves differentiation of early erythroid progenitors to enucleated mature red blood cells, in which lineage-specific transcription factors play essential roles. Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF/KLF1) is a pleiotropic erythroid transcription factor that is required for the proper maturation of the erythroid cells, whose expression and activation are tightly controlled in a temporal and differentiation stage-specific manner. Here, we uncover a novel role of G-protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2), a subunit of the nuclear receptor corepressor/silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor corepressor complex, in erythrocyte differentiation. Our study demonstrates that knockdown of GPS2 significantly suppresses erythroid differentiation of human CD34+ cells cultured in vitro and xenotransplanted in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency/interleukin-2 receptor γ-chain null mice. Moreover, global deletion of GPS2 in mice causes impaired erythropoiesis in the fetal liver and leads to severe anemia. Flow cytometric analysis and Wright-Giemsa staining show a defective differentiation at late stages of erythropoiesis in Gps2−/− embryos. Mechanistically, GPS2 interacts with EKLF and prevents proteasome-mediated degradation of EKLF, thereby increasing EKLF stability and transcriptional activity. Moreover, we identify the amino acids 191-230 region in EKLF protein, responsible for GPS2 binding, that is highly conserved in mammals and essential for EKLF protein stability. Collectively, our study uncovers a previously unknown role of GPS2 as a posttranslational regulator that enhances the stability of EKLF protein and thereby promotes erythroid differentiation.
The incidence of diabetes among the non-diabetic residents in Kawauchi village, Fukushima, who experienced evacuation after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster
Authors: Chung Yun-Shan , Harada Kouji H. , Igari Keiko , Ishizuka Jinrou , Koizumi Akio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster in 2011, residents of Kawauchi village who experienced evacuation had a high risk of suffering from diabetes and metabolic syndrome compared with non-evacuees. In addition to evacuation, lifestyle characteristics can be important factors influencing the development and prognosis of diabetes or glucose tolerance. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of evacuation (i.e., lifestyle changes) on the incidence of diabetes among the non-diabetic residents of Kawauchi village.

Methods
Design is retrospective cohort study. Annual health examination data of residents of Kawauchi village and control area (Ono town) in Fukushima prefecture from 2008 to 2017, as available from the Japanese National Health Insurance system. Participants were classified into three groups: “Diabetes (DM)” (FBG ≥ 126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or hospital visit for DM or usage of diabetic medication), “Borderline DM” (126 mg/dL > FBG ≥ 110 mg/dL or 6.5% > HbA1c ≥ 6.0%, and without hospital visit, and without diabetic medication), and “Normoglycemic” (FBG < 110 mg/dL and HbA1c < 6.0%, and without hospital visit, and without diabetic medication). New onset of diabetes was evaluated and the events or missing data were occurred at health checkup. For this survival analysis, 339 residents in Kawauchi and 598 residents in Ono were included. Average follow-up periods after 2010 were 3.9 years in Kawauchi village and 3.6 years in Ono town.

Results
Compared with the normoglycemic group, incidence of DM was much greater in the borderline DM group, where DM occurred among 38.2% of the group in 2012 and increased to over 60% cumulatively through 2017 in Kawauchi village. DM had a prevalence of 16.3% in 2012, and below 30% in 2017 in borderline DM group of Ono town. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was applied to non-DM groups at both study sites separately to evaluate the effects of lifestyle changes at each site. While BMI, BMI change, and the lack of regular exercise (HR = 1.29, 1.72, and 5.04, respectively) showed significant associations with the onset of diabetes in Ono town, only BMI and late-night dinner (HR = 1.21 and 4.86, respectively) showed significant associations with diabetes onset in Kawauchi village.

Conclusions
The current results confirmed that diabetes incidence was increased 6 years after the Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster in Kawauchi. We also found changes in lifestyle habits, suggesting that diabetes prevention with promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors is an urgent priority.