bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismo-electric conversion in shale: experiment and analytical modelling
Authors: Peng Rong , Di Bangrang , Glover Paul W J , Wei Jianxin , Lorinczi Piroska , Liu Zichun , Li Huafei 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYThe development of seismo-electric exploration techniques relies critically upon the strength of the seismo-electric conversion. However, there have been very few seismo-electric measurements or modelling on shales, despite shales accounting for the majority of unconventional reservoirs. We have carried out seismo-electric measurements on Sichuan Basin shales (permeability 0.00147–0.107 mD), together with some comparative measurements on sandstones (permeability 0.2–60 mD). Experimental results show that the amplitudes of the seismo-electric coupling coefficient in shales are comparable to that exhibited by sandstones, and are approximately independent of frequency in the seismic frequency range (&lt;1 kHz). Numerical modelling has also been used to examine the effects of varying (i) dimensionless number, (ii) porosity, (iii) permeability, (iv) tortuosity and (v) zeta potential on seismo-electric conversion in porous media. It was found that while changes in dimensionless number and permeability seem to have little effect, seismo-electric coupling coefficient is highly sensitive to changes in porosity, tortuosity and zeta potential. Numerical modelling suggests that the origin of the seismo-electric conversion in shales is enhanced zeta potentials caused by clay minerals, which are highly frequency dependent. This is supported by a comparison of our numerical modelling with our experimental data, together with an analysis of seismo-electric conversion as a function of clay mineral composition from XRD measurements. The sensitivity of seismo-electric coupling to the clay minerals suggests that seismo-electric exploration may have potential for the characterization of clay minerals in shale gas and shale oil reservoirs.
Multiscale crustal deformation around the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau from GNSS observations
Authors: Xu Keke , Liu Jie , Liu Xifeng , Liu Jipeng , Zhao Fuling 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWe present a multiscale decomposition model for analysing the widespread deformation and complex dynamics mechanism of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We first carry out simulations to test the performance of the model by synthetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data for a network, whose geometry distribution is same with actual Crust Movement Observation Network of China in the southeast edge of the Tibetan Plateau. We then estimate the multiscale velocity field and strain rate field using observed data with 240 stations between 1999 and 2007. Results show that the deformation field at the different spatial scale corresponds to the different tectonic driving force and strain accumulation coverage. Tectonic background of the Tibetan Plateau, extrusion of the Sichuan–Yunnan rhombic block, rigid block motion, interior deformation of the block and segmented motion of fault zones are separately displayed in the corresponding scale, which provides a strong support keys to the understanding of the controversial deformation models for the tectonic evolution and uplift mechanisms of the Tibetan Plateau. Our results also show that scale 7 with the coverage of about 50 km can better reflect the seismogenic background of mid-strong earthquakes (&gt;Ms 5.0) of the region. The convergence area of high compression and inflation strain or the high-value area of maximum shear strain at scale 7 is obviously correlated with seismic activities, including 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake, no significant pre-seismic deformation across fault in other scales. Our research provides a new insight into the nature of tectonic deformation and the seismic risk assessment of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
Health system adaptation to climate change: a Peruvian case study
Authors: Aracena Stephanie , Barboza Marco , Zamora Victor , Salaverry Oswaldo , Montag Doreen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite mitigation attempts, the trajectory of climate change remains on an accelerated path, with devastating health impacts. As a response to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change call for National Adaptation Plans, Peru has developed a national and decentralized regional adaptation plans. The purpose of this article is to understand the role and priority status of health within the adaptation planning and process. Peru was used as a case study to analyse the policy process in the creation of adaptation plans, encompassing the need to address climate change impacts on health with a particular focus on marginalized people. An actor, content and context policy analyses were conducted to analyse 17 out of 25 regional adaptation plans, which are available. The national adaptation plans (2002, 2015) do not include health as a priority or health adaptation strategies. In a decentralized health care system, regional plans demonstrate an increased improvement of complexity, systematization and structure over time (2009–17). In general, health has not been identified as a priority but as another area of impact. There is no cohesiveness between plans in format, content, planning and execution and only a limited consideration for marginalized populations. In conclusion, the regional departments of Peru stand on unequal footing regarding adapting the health sector to climate change. Findings in the strategies call into question how mitigation and adaption to climate change may be achieved. The lack of local research on health impacts due to climate change and a particular focus on marginalized people creates a policy vacuum. The Peruvian case study resembles global challenges to put health in the centre of national and regional adaptation plans. In-depth cross-country analysis is still missing but urgently needed to learn from other experiences.
Indications and predictors for pacemaker implantation after isolated aortic valve replacement with bioprostheses: the CAREAVR study
Authors: Salmi Samuli J , Nieminen Tuomo , Hartikainen Juha , Biancari Fausto , Lehto Joonas , Nissinen Maunu , Malmberg Markus , Yannopoulos Fredrik , Savolainen Jyri , Airaksinen Juhani , Kiviniemi Tuomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We sought to study the indications, long-term occurrence, and predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after isolated surgical aortic valve replacement with bioprostheses.

METHODS
The CAREAVR study included 704 patients (385 females, 54.7%) without a preoperative PPI (mean ± standard deviation age 75 ± 7 years) undergoing isolated surgical aortic valve replacement at 4 Finnish hospitals between 2002 and 2014. Data were extracted from electronic patient records.

RESULTS
The follow-up was median 4.7 years (range 1 day to 12.3 years). Altogether 56 patients received PPI postoperatively, with the median 507 days from the operation (range 6 days to 10.0 years). The PPI indications were atrioventricular block (31 patients, 55%) and sick sinus syndrome (21 patients, 37.5%). For 4 patients, the PPI indication remained unknown. A competing risks regression analysis (Fine–Gray method), adjusted with age, sex, diabetes, coronary artery disease, preoperative atrial fibrillation (AF), left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class, AF at discharge and urgency of operation, was used to assess risk factors for PPI. Only AF at discharge (subdistribution hazard ratio 4.34, 95% confidence interval 2.34–8.03) was a predictor for a PPI.

CONCLUSIONS
Though atrioventricular block is the major indication for PPI after surgical aortic valve replacement, &gt;30% of PPIs are implanted due to sick sinus syndrome during both short-term follow-up and long-term follow-up. Postoperative AF versus sinus rhythm conveys &gt;4-fold risk of PPI.

Clinical trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02626871
Association Between Immunoglobulin E Levels and Kaposi Sarcoma in African Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Byakwaga Helen , Barbachano-Guerrero Arturo , Wang Dongliang , McAllister Shane , Naphri Kamal , Laker-Oketta Miriam , Muzoora Conrad , Hunt Peter W , Martin Jeffrey , King Christine A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that activated mast cells (MCs) are enriched in Kaposi sarcoma (KS) tumors and contribute to the inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanisms driving MC activation, however, are incompletely understood. We sought to understand whether immunoglobulin E (IgE), a potent activator of MCs, was associated with KS incidence and severity. In a cross-sectional study of untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults with or without KS in Uganda, we found that patients with KS had higher plasma IgE levels than those without KS. After adjustment for age, sex, CD4+ T-cell count, and HIV RNA levels, there was a dose-response relationship between plasma IgE levels and the presence and severity of KS. Higher eosinophil counts were also associated with IgE levels, and plasma interleukin 33 concentrations were higher in individuals with KS. These findings suggest that IgE-driven atopic inflammation may contribute the pathogenesis of KS. Therapies targeting IgE-mediated MC activation thus might represent a novel approach for treatment or prevention of KS.
Combination antifungal therapy for breakthrough invasive mould disease in patients with haematological malignancies: when management reasoning eclipses evidence-based medicine
Authors: Garcia-Vidal C , Lewis R E , Kontoyiannis D P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Timely diagnosis and treatment of invasive mould disease is challenging in severely immunocompromised patients, particularly for patients who develop breakthrough infections while on antifungal prophylaxis. Currently, there are no high-quality data on how to best diagnose and treat these infections. Many essential decisions affecting the management of breakthrough mould disease are made before a definitive diagnosis is established. In this scenario, sound management reasoning often favours the use of combination antifungal therapy, especially when antifungal resistance, suspicion of undetected sites of infection or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic limitations at the site of infection are likely. In these scenarios, pre-emptive use of antifungal combination therapy with frequent re-evaluation with an aim of de-escalation could be justified for many high-risk patients.
Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: report of baseline data from the multicentre, prospective Cancer-VTE Registry
Authors: Ohashi Yasuo , Ikeda Masataka , Kunitoh Hideo , Sasako Mitsuru , Okusaka Takuji , Mukai Hirofumi , Fujiwara Keiichi , Nakamura Mashio , Oba Mari S , Kimura Tetsuya , Ibusuki Kei , Sakon Masato 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Cancer-VTE Registry evaluates the occurrence and management of venous thromboembolism in Japanese participants with major solid tumors. Using Registry data, we evaluated the frequency of concurrent venous thromboembolism in cancer patients prior to treatment initiation by cancer type.MethodsThe Cancer-VTE Registry is an ongoing (March 2017–September 2020) prospective cohort study using a nationwide, multicentre clinical registry. Participants aged ≥20 years with colorectal, lung, stomach, pancreatic, breast or gynecologic cancer, confirmed staging, ≥6 months life expectancy post-registration and who had undergone venous thromboembolism screening were managed with routine clinical care. Venous thromboembolism frequency at registration was evaluated.ResultsOf 9735 participants, 571 (5.9%) had venous thromboembolism at baseline, including asymptomatic [5.5% (n = 540)] and symptomatic venous thromboembolism [0.3% (n = 31)]. Most participants with venous thromboembolism (n = 506, 5.2%) had deep vein thrombosis only; 65 (0.7%) had pulmonary embolism with/without deep vein thrombosis. The prevalence of distal and proximal deep vein thrombosis was 4.8% (n = 466) and 0.9% (n = 83), respectively. The highest prevalence of venous thromboembolism was for pancreatic cancer (8.5%) and the lowest for breast cancer (2.0%). Venous thromboembolism prevalence increased as cancer stage advanced.ConclusionsAlthough there was a marked difference in venous thromboembolism by cancer type, the data suggest that cancer stage is an important risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Thus, metastasis seems a critical risk factor for venous thromboembolism. This is the first demonstration of venous thromboembolism prevalence and risk factors in Japanese cancer patients prior to treatment.Trial registrationUMIN000024942.
Circulating Tumor DNA Markers for Early Progression on Fulvestrant With or Without Palbociclib in ER+ Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: O’Leary Ben , Cutts Rosalind J , Huang Xin , Hrebien Sarah , Liu Yuan , André Fabrice , Loibl Sibylle , Loi Sherene , Garcia-Murillas Isaac , Cristofanilli Massimo , Bartlett Cynthia Huang , Turner Nicholas C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are no established molecular biomarkers for patients with breast cancer receiving combination endocrine and CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i). We aimed to determine whether genomic markers in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can identify patients at higher risk of early progression on fulvestrant therapy with or without palbociclib, a CDK4/6i.MethodsPALOMA-3 was a phase III, multicenter, double-blind randomized controlled trial of palbociclib plus fulvestrant (n = 347) vs placebo plus fulvestrant (n = 174) in patients with endocrine-pretreated estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer. Pretreatment plasma samples from 459 patients were analyzed for mutations in 17 genes, copy number in 14 genes, and circulating tumor fraction. Progression-free survival (PFS) was compared in patients with circulating tumor fraction above or below a prespecified cutoff of 10% and with or without a specific genomic alteration. All statistical tests were 2-sided.ResultsPatients with high ctDNA fraction had worse PFS on both palbociclib plus fulvestrant (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17 to 2.24; P = .004) and placebo plus fulvestrant (HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.59; P = .004). In multivariable analysis, high-circulating tumor fraction was associated with worse PFS (HR = 1.20 per 10% increase in tumor fraction, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.32; P &lt; .001), as was TP53 mutation (HR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.27 to 2.65; P = .001) and FGFR1 amplification (HR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.61 to 5.25; P &lt; .001). No interaction with treatment randomization was observed.ConclusionsPretreatment ctDNA identified a group of high-risk patients with poor clinical outcome despite the addition of CDK4/6 inhibition. These patients might benefit from inclusion in future trials of escalating treatment, with therapies that may be active in these genomic contexts.
Prospects for the accelerated improvement of the resilient crop quinoa
Authors: López-Marqués Rosa L , Nørrevang Anton F , Ache Peter , Moog Max , Visintainer Davide , Wendt Toni , Østerberg Jeppe T , Dockter Christoph , Jørgensen Morten E , Salvador Andrés Torres , Hedrich Rainer , Gao Caixia , Jacobsen Sven-Erik , Shabala Sergey , Palmgren Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCrops tolerant to drought and salt stress may be developed by two approaches. First, major crops may be improved by introducing genes from tolerant plants. For example, many major crops have wild relatives that are more tolerant to drought and high salinity than the cultivated crops, and, once deciphered, the underlying resilience mechanisms could be genetically manipulated to produce crops with improved tolerance. Secondly, some minor (orphan) crops cultivated in marginal areas are already drought and salt tolerant. Improving the agronomic performance of these crops may be an effective way to increase crop and food diversity, and an alternative to engineering tolerance in major crops. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a nutritious minor crop that tolerates drought and salinity better than most other crops, is an ideal candidate for both of these approaches. Although quinoa has yet to reach its potential as a fully domesticated crop, breeding efforts to improve the plant have been limited. Molecular and genetic techniques combined with traditional breeding are likely to change this picture. Here we analyse protein-coding sequences in the quinoa genome that are orthologous to domestication genes in established crops. Mutating only a limited number of such genes by targeted mutagenesis appears to be a promising route for accelerating the improvement of quinoa and generating a nutritious high-yielding crop that can meet the future demand for food production in a changing climate.
Forty years in the Wilderness: John Sadler of the Sadler Partbooks
Authors: Range Matthias , Craig-McFeely Julia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The identification of the Tudor partbooks Oxford, Bodleian Library, Mss. Mus. e. 1–5 and Ms. Tenbury 1486, and the privately owned Willmott partbook with John Sadler, a priest and schoolmaster active in rural Northamptonshire between 1548 and the early 1590s, has sat uneasily. This is because the John Sadler associated with these books is actually someone quite different: in the first set he entered in the books what has previously been described as a simple monogram of his name, but which is in fact a ‘merchant mark’ identifying him unambiguously as a Norwich merchant. The article discusses the evidence for his identification and the new context for the books. Their relocation invites a new reading and interpretation of their contents, such as their significance as a source of information about the Norwich composer Thomas Morley. The link with the Elizabethan merchant world brings into focus the rather neglected topic of early modern merchants and their involvement with music.
A versatile tool for cluster lensing source reconstruction – I. Methodology and illustration on sources in the Hubble Frontier Field Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745
Authors: Yang Lilan , Birrer Simon , Treu Tommaso 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We describe a general-purpose method to reconstruct the intrinsic properties of sources lensed by the gravitational potential of foreground clusters of galaxies. The tool lenstruction is implemented in the publicly available multipurpose gravitational lensing software lenstronomy, in order to provide an easy and fast solution to this common astrophysical problem. The tool is based on forward modelling the appearance of the source in the image plane, taking into account the distortion by lensing and the instrumental point spread function. For singly imaged sources, a global lens model in the format of the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) lensing maps is required as a starting point. For multiply imaged sources, the tool can also fit and apply first- (deflection), second- (shear, convergence), and third-order (flexion) corrections to the local gravitational potential to improve the reconstruction, depending on the quality of the data. We illustrate the performance and features of the code with two examples of multiply imaged systems taken from the HFF, starting from five different publicly available cluster models. We find that, after our correction, the relative magnification – and other lensing properties – between the multiple images becomes robustly constrained. Furthermore, we find that scatter between models of the reconstructed source size and magnitude is reduced. The code and Jupyter notebooks are publicly available.
Beyond ΛCDM with H i intensity mapping: robustness of cosmological constraints in the presence of astrophysics
Authors: Camera Stefano , Padmanabhan Hamsa 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Mapping the unresolved intensity of the 21-cm emission of neutral hydrogen (H i) is now regarded as one the most promising tools for cosmological investigation in the coming decades. Here, we investigate, for the first time, extensions of the standard cosmological model, such as modified gravity and primordial non-Gaussianity, taking self-consistently into account. The present constraints on the astrophysics of H i clustering in the treatment of the brightness temperature fluctuations. To understand the boundaries within which results thus obtained can be considered reliable, we examine the robustness of cosmological parameter estimation performed via studies of 21-cm intensity mapping, against our knowledge of the astrophysical processes leading to H i clustering. Modelling of astrophysical effects affects cosmological observables through the relation linking the overall H i mass in a bound object, to the mass of the underlying dark matter halo that hosts it. We quantify the biases in estimates of standard cosmological parameters and those describing modified gravity and primordial non-Gaussianity that are obtained if one misconceives the slope of the relation between H i mass and halo mass, or the lower virial velocity cut-off for a dark matter halo to be able to host H i. Remarkably, we find that astrophysical uncertainties will not affect searches for primordial non-Gaussianity – one of the strongest science cases for H i intensity mapping – despite the signal being deeply linked to the H i bias.
A Novel multidimensional Boltzmann neutrino transport scheme for core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Chan Conrad , Müller Bernhard 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new discrete-ordinate scheme for solving the general relativistic (GR) Boltzmann transport equation in the context of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Our algorithm avoids the need to spell out the complicated advection terms in energy and angle that arise when the transport equation is formulated in spherical polar coordinates, in the comoving frame, or in a GR space–time. We instead approach the problem by calculating the advection of neutrinos across momentum space using an intuitive particle-like approach that has excellent conservation properties and fully accounts for Lorentz boosts, GR effects, and grid geometry terms. In order to avoid the need for a global implicit solution, time integration is performed using a locally implicit Lax–Wendroff scheme that correctly reproduces the diffusion limit. This will facilitate the use of our method on massively parallel distributed-memory architectures. We have verified the accuracy and stability of our scheme with a suite of test problems in spherical symmetry and axisymmetry. To demonstrate that the new algorithm works stably in CCSN simulations, we have coupled it to the GR hydrodynamics code coconut and present a first demonstration run of a $20\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ progenitor with a reduced set of neutrino opacities.