bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and dam development: Effects on wetland connectivity and ecological habitat in tropical wetlands
Authors: Nielsen Daryl L. , Merrin Linda E. , Pollino Carmel A. , Karim Fazlul , Stratford Danial , O'Sullivan Jackie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWetlands are one of the most threatened ecosystems on earth. Globally, there is growing demand to develop infrastructure to harvest water resources to support agriculture, threatening the ecological integrity of associated wetland ecosystems. We investigated the potential ecological impacts on floodplain wetland connectivity in northern Australia in response to changes in flow regime due to dam construction and climate change. Results for this study indicate that a drier climate and/or dam construction in catchments have the potential to reduce the effective size of the floodplain and reduce wetland connectivity. A drier climate will reduce rainfall and subsequent catchment run‐off, resulting in a decrease in the magnitude of riverine flows. In contrast, dams in the upper catchment will reduce the magnitude of flows downstream. The reduction in flows under both dam development and a drier climate will result in reduced extent and duration of floodplain inundation and decreased wetland connectivity. As a result, we anticipate that this loss of connectivity will reduce the capacity for nutrients, carbon and primary production to be flushed into the river channel, as well as reduce the ability for biota such as fish and turtles to move between in‐channel and off‐channel habitats.
Intercalation in Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) toward Electrochemical Capacitor and Beyond
Authors: Li Jianmin , Wang Hao , Xiao Xu 
Published: May 2020

Since its discovery in 2011, the emerging family of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (denoted as MXenes) has shown tremendous promise in the field of energy storages, especially electrochemical capacitors (ECs). The intercalation of foreign species, including but not limited to proton, cations, organic ions, and solvents, is demonstrated as one of the dominant facts during the energy storage process of MXenes, through which interlayer spacing of MXenes can be reversibly tuned, followed with reversible redox reactions on the surface of MXenes. Such a mechanism provides MXenes extremely high capacitance up to 1500 F cm−3, in aqueous acidic electrolyte. In addition, because of the versatile terminations on their surface, the intercalation of ions into MXenes can simultaneously induce the reversible transformation of their electronic structure to trigger some other phenomenon, for example, electrochromic effect, which has great potential on electrochromic smart window—an extended application of ECs. Accordingly, regulating and facilitating the intercalation in MXenes is of great significance for MXene‐based ECs. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the intercalation in MXenes towards ECs, discussing on the intercalated species, working mechanisms, and methods to promote the intercalation. Furthermore, we prospect the future research directions of intercalation of MXenes in ECs, such as the combination of simulation and experiment on finding the best intercalation species, precisely controlling the interlayer spacing and beyond, to boost the electrochemical performance of MXene toward practical applications and multi‐functional devices.
Contribution of the SYK Tyrosine kinase expression to human iNKT self‐reactivity
Authors: Perroteau Jeanne , Navet Benjamin , Devilder Marie‐Claire , Hesnard Leslie , Scotet Emmanuel , Gapin Laurent , Saulquin Xavier , Gautreau‐Rolland Laetitia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInvariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are particular T lymphocytes at the frontier between innate and adaptative immunities. They participate in the elimination of pathogens or tumor cells, but also in the development of allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases. From their first descriptions, the phenomenon of self‐reactivity has been described. Indeed, they are able to recognize exogenous and endogenous lipids. However, the mechanisms underlying the self‐reactivity are still largely unknown, particularly in humans. Using a CD1d tetramer‐based sensitive immunomagnetic approach, we generated self‐reactive iNKT cell lines from blood circulating iNKT cells of healthy donors. Analysis of their functional characteristics in vitro showed that these cells recognized endogenous lipids presented by CD1d molecules through their TCR that do not correspond to α‐glycosylceramides. TCR sequencing and transcriptomic analysis of T cell clones revealed that a particular TCR signature and an expression of the SYK protein kinase were two mechanisms supporting human iNKT self‐reactivity. The SYK expression, strong in the most self‐reactive iNKT clones and variable in ex vivo isolated iNKT cells, seems to decrease the activation threshold of iNKT cells and increase their overall antigenic sensitivity. This study indicates that a modulation of the TCR intracellular signal contributes to iNKT self‐reactivity.
RETRACTED: Sanal Flow Choking: A Paradigm Shift in Computational Fluid Dynamics Code Verification and Diagnosing Detonation and Hemorrhage in Real‐World Fluid‐Flow Systems
Authors: Kumar Valsalayam Raghavapanicker Sanal , Sankar Vigneshwaran , Chandrasekaran Nichith , Sukumaran Ajith , Rafic Sulthan Ariff Rahman Mohamed , Bharath Rajaghatta Sundararam , Baskaran Roshan Vignesh , Oommen Charlie , Radhakrishnan Pradeep Kumar , Choudhary Shiv Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe discovery of Sanal flow choking is a scientific breakthrough and a paradigm shift in the diagnostics of the detonation/hemorrhage in real‐world fluid flow systems. The closed‐form analytical models capable of predicting the boundary‐layer blockage factor for both 2D and 3D cases at the Sanal flow choking for adiabatic and diabatic fluid flow conditions are critically reviewed here. The beauty and novelty of these models stem from the veracity that at the Sanal flow choking condition for diabatic flows all the conservation laws of nature are satisfied at a unique location, which allows for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code verification. At the Sanal flow choking condition both the thermal choking and the wall‐friction‐induced flow choking occur at a single sonic fluid throat location. The blockage factor predicted at the Sanal flow choking condition can be taken as an infallible data for various in silico model verification, validation, and calibration. The 3D blockage factor at the Sanal flow choking is found to be 45.12% lower than the 2D case of a wall‐bounded diabatic fluid flow system with air as the working fluid. The physical insight of Sanal flow choking presented in this review article sheds light on finding solutions, through in silico experiments in base flow and nanoflows, for numerous unresolved problems carried forward over the centuries in physical, chemical, and biological sciences for humankind.
Hearing‐impaired population performance and the effect of hearing interventions on Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Utoomprurkporn Nattawan , Woodall Katherine , Stott Joshua , Costafreda Sergi G. , Bamiou Doris Eva 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundOlder adults are at high risk of developing age‐related hearing loss (HL) and/or cognitive impairment. However, cognitive screening tools rely on oral administration of instructions and stimuli that may be impacted by HL. This systematic review aims to investigate (a) whether people with HL perform worse than those without HL on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a widely used screening tool for cognitive impairment, and what the effect size of that difference is (b) whether HL treatment mitigates the impact of HL.MethodWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis including studies that reported mean MoCA scores and SDs for individuals with HL.ResultsPeople with HL performed significantly worse on the MoCA (4 studies, N = 533) with a pooled mean difference of −1.66 points (95% confidence interval CI ‐2.74 to −0.58). There was no significant difference in MoCA score between the pre‐ vs post‐hearing intervention (3 studies, N = 75). However, sensitivity analysis in the cochlear implant studies (2 studies, N = 33) showed improvement of the MoCA score by 1.73 (95% CI 0.18 to 3.28).ConclusionPeople with HL score significantly lower than individuals with normal hearing on the standard orally administered MoCA. Clinicians should consider listening conditions when administering the MoCA and report the hearing status of the tested individuals, if known, taking this into account in interpretation or make note of any hearing difficulty during consultations which may warrant onward referral. Cochlear implants may improve the MoCA score of individuals with HL, and more evidence is required on other treatments. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:‐, 2020.
Numerical working memory alters alpha‐beta oscillations and connectivity in the parietal cortices
Authors: Koshy Sam M. , Wiesman Alex I. , Proskovec Amy L. , Embury Christine M. , Schantell Mikki D. , Eastman Jacob A. , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough the neural bases of numerical processing and memory have been extensively studied, much remains to be elucidated concerning the spectral and temporal dynamics surrounding these important cognitive processes. To further this understanding, we employed a novel numerical working memory paradigm in 28 young, healthy adults who underwent magnetoencephalography (MEG). The resulting data were examined in the time‐frequency domain prior to image reconstruction using a beamformer. Whole‐brain, spectrally‐constrained coherence was also employed to determine network connectivity. In response to the numerical task, participants exhibited robust alpha/beta oscillations in the bilateral parietal cortices. Whole‐brain statistical comparisons examining the effect of numerical manipulation during memory‐item maintenance revealed a difference centered in the right superior parietal cortex, such that oscillatory responses during numerical manipulation were significantly stronger than when no manipulation was necessary. Additionally, there was significantly reduced cortico‐cortical coherence between the right and left superior parietal regions during the manipulation compared to the maintenance trials, indicating that these regions were functioning more independently when the numerical information had to be actively processed. In sum, these results support previous studies that have implicated the importance of parietal regions in numerical processing, but also provide new knowledge on the spectral, temporal, and network dynamics that serve this critical cognitive function during active working memory maintenance.
Entropy generation in an unsteady Eyring‐Powell hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable surface: A Lie group analysis
Authors: Ogunseye Hammed Abiodun , Tijani Yusuf Olatunji , Sibanda Precious 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn thermal processes, the choice of the thermofluid plays an essential role in minimizing entropy generation and thereby improving thermal efficiency. In this study, entropy generation in a viscous hybrid nanofluid described by the Eyring‐Powell model is investigated. The model accounts for the effect of the nanoparticle volume fraction and viscous dissipation on an Eyring‐Powell Cu‐Al2O3/ethylene glycol nanofluid. A similarity solution to the time‐dependent model is found using the Lie group symmetry technique. The bivariate spectral quasi‐linearization method is used for the solution of the self‐similar transport equations. We analyze the effects of the nanoparticle volume fraction, suction/injection, and viscous dissipation on the fluid properties. The skin friction and Nusselt number are determined. A comparison between the Nusselt number of a regular nanofluid and a hybrid nanofluid shows that the hybrid nanofluid has better thermal characteristics compared with the regular nanofluid. The findings show that a decrease in the nanoparticle volume fraction and Eckert number minimizes entropy generation in the system.
Evolutionary links between intra‐ and extracellular acid–base regulation in fish and other aquatic animals
Authors: Tresguerres Martin , Clifford Alexander M. , Harter Till S. , Roa Jinae N. , Thies Angus B. , Yee Daniel P. , Brauner Colin J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe acid–base relevant molecules carbon dioxide (CO2), protons (H+), and bicarbonate (HCO3−) are substrates and end products of some of the most essential physiological functions including aerobic and anaerobic respiration, ATP hydrolysis, photosynthesis, and calcification. The structure and function of many enzymes and other macromolecules are highly sensitive to changes in pH, and thus maintaining acid–base homeostasis in the face of metabolic and environmental disturbances is essential for proper cellular function. On the other hand, CO2, H+, and HCO3− have regulatory effects on various proteins and processes, both directly through allosteric modulation and indirectly through signal transduction pathways. Life in aquatic environments presents organisms with distinct acid–base challenges that are not found in terrestrial environments. These include a relatively high CO2 relative to O2 solubility that prevents internal CO2/HCO3− accumulation to buffer pH, a lower O2 content that may favor anaerobic metabolism, and variable environmental CO2, pH and O2 levels that require dynamic adjustments in acid–base homeostatic mechanisms. Additionally, some aquatic animals purposely create acidic or alkaline microenvironments that drive specialized physiological functions. For example, acidifying mechanisms can enhance O2 delivery by red blood cells, lead to ammonia trapping for excretion or buoyancy purposes, or lead to CO2 accumulation to promote photosynthesis by endosymbiotic algae. On the other hand, alkalinizing mechanisms can serve to promote calcium carbonate skeletal formation. This nonexhaustive review summarizes some of the distinct acid–base homeostatic mechanisms that have evolved in aquatic organisms to meet the particular challenges of this environment.
Influenza vaccination coverage in Chiburijima Island, Japan: Impact of diversification of vaccination place
Authors: Itamochi Takuya , Mieno Makiko , Hatakeyama Shuji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo increase the influenza vaccination rate in Chiburijima Island, we diversified vaccination places from a single clinic to the seven town halls from all the districts.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed influenza vaccination coverage, vaccinees' district of residence, and location of vaccination place, from prevaccination screening questionnaires between October 2007 and March 2018. Except for home‐visiting vaccination services, before 2011, influenza vaccination was provided only at a single clinic; after 2012, it was provided at the seven town halls in addition to the clinic. We calculated the vaccination rates among residents of Chiburijima Island, stratified by age groups and districts of residence.ResultsEstimated influenza vaccination rates for all ages increased from 38% in 2007 to 58% in 2017. There was a 14% increase in coverage in 2010 (the year following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic) and a slight increasing trend after 2012. The vaccination coverage of residents, particularly of people ≥65 years old and living >1 km from the former vaccination place, increased after diversification of the vaccination place.ConclusionsInfluenza vaccination rate in Chiburijima Island increased by 20% between 2007 and 2017, although the rate among the elderly Japanese people decreased by 4% based on the national data of routine immunization. Shortening the distance to vaccination places might improve the coverage as elderly people are often restricted due to transportation means. Sustained and multifaceted strategies are necessary for better immunization coverage.
Antagonism of peripheral opioid receptors by methylnaltrexone does not prevent morphine tolerance in rats
Authors: Blomqvist Kim Juhani , Dudek Katarzyna Anna , Viisanen Hanna , Mätlik Kert , Ahlström Fredrik Harry Gustav , Laitila Jouko , Kalso Eija Anneli , Rauhala Pekka Veli , Lilius Tuomas Olavi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOpioids are effective analgesics in the management of severe pain. However, tolerance, leading to dose escalation and adverse effects are significant limiting factors in their use. The role of peripheral opioid receptors in analgesia has been discussed especially under inflammatory conditions. The results from pharmacological and conditional knockout studies together do not provide a clear picture of the contribution of peripheral opioid receptors on antinociceptive tolerance and this needs to be evaluated. Therefore, we studied whether the peripherally restricted opioid receptor antagonist, methylnaltrexone (MNTX), could prevent morphine tolerance without attenuating the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated for 7 days with increasing subcutaneous doses of morphine (5–30 mg/kg) and were coadministered saline, MNTX (0.5 or 2 mg/kg), or naltrexone (NTX; 2 mg/kg). Nociception was assessed with tail‐flick, hotplate, and von Frey tests. Morphine, MNTX, and NTX concentrations in the plasma, brain, and spinal cord were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. In acute coadministration, NTX, but not MNTX, abolished the acute antinociceptive effects of morphine in all nociceptive tests. The antinociceptive tolerance after repeated morphine administration was also prevented by NTX but not by MNTX. MNTX penetrated to the spinal cord and the brain to some extent after repeated administration. The results do not support the use of MNTX for preventing opioid tolerance and also suggest that morphine tolerance is mediated by central rather than peripheral opioid receptors in the rat.
Lagrangian simulations of moisture sources for Chinese Xinjiang precipitation during 1979–2018
Authors: Yao Shibo , Jiang Dabang , Zhang Zhongshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, the Flexible Particle Dispersion Model (FLEXPART) is employed to simulate the trajectories of global air parcels from March 1979 to February 2018 to analyse the moisture sources of precipitation over Xinjiang in China. The results show that more than 90% of the moisture can be tracked when the backtracking time is set to 10 days. There are three similar moisture transport paths in winter and summer, namely, the Mediterranean–Caspian Sea–Balkhash Lake path, the Eastern European Plain–Western Siberian Plain–Balkhash Lake path, and the Arabian Peninsula–Iranian Plateau–Pamir Plateau path. Besides, there is one more path in summer: the Indian Ocean–Indian Peninsula–Pamir Plateau. The paths of moisture transport in spring (autumn) are similar to those in winter (summer). In summer, the contribution rate of Xinjiang itself and Central Asia accounts for more than 80%, among which the local contributions account for 52%. In the other three seasons, Xinjiang, Central Asia, North Africa–Arabian Peninsula, and South Asia are the main sources of moisture. The contribution rates of moisture uptake in the source regions other than Central Asia vary greatly with the seasons. The interannual variation of contribution rate to precipitation of each source region is limited. Regionally, the moisture source distribution for southern Xinjiang resembles those of the whole Xinjiang; for the northern Xinjiang, the contribution of Central Asia becomes more important.
Locomotion replacement exercise cannot counteract cartilage biomarker response to 5 days of immobilization in healthy adults
Authors: Liphardt Anna‐Maria , Mündermann Annegret , Heer Martina , Achtzehn Silvia , Niehoff Anja , Mester Joachim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBiomarkers of cartilage metabolism are sensitive to changes in the biological and mechanical environment and can indicate early changes in cartilage homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine if a daily locomotion replacement program can serve as a countermeasure for changes in cartilage biomarker serum concentration caused by immobilization. Ten healthy male subjects (mean ± 1 standard deviation; age: 29.4 ± 5.9 years; body mass: 77.7 ± 4.1 kg) participated in the crossover 5‐day bed rest study with three interventions: control (CON), standing (STA), and locomotion replacement training (LRT). Serum samples were taken before, during, and after bed rest. Biomarker concentrations were measured using commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels after 24 hours of bed rest decreased independently of the intervention (−16.8% to −9.8%) and continued to decrease until 72 hours of bed rest (minimum, −23.2% to −20.6%). LRT and STA did not affect COMP during bed rests (P = .056) but there was a strong tendency for a slower decrease with LRT (−9.4%) and STA (−11.7%) compared with CON (−16.8%). MMP‐3 levels decreased within the first 24 hours of bed rest (CON: −22.3%; STA: −14.7%; LRT: −17%) without intervention effect. Both COMP and MMP‐3 levels recovered to baseline levels during the 6‐day recovery period. MMP‐1, MMP‐9, and TNF‐α levels were not affected by immobilization or intervention. COMP and MMP‐3 are mechano‐sensitive cartilage biomarkers affected by immobilization, and simple interventions such as standing upright or LRT during bed rest cannot prevent these changes. Clinical significance: simple locomotion interventions cannot prevent cartilage biomarker change during bed rest.
Sensitivity of total knee replacement wear to variability in motion and load input: A parametric finite element analysis study
Authors: Mell Steven P. , Wimmer Markus A. , Lundberg Hannah J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolyethylene wear remains a contributor to long term failure in total knee replacements (TKRs). Advances in materials have improved polyethylene wear rates, therefore further wear reductions require a better understanding of patient‐specific factors that lead to wear. Variability of gait within patients is considerable and could lead to significant variability in wear rates that cannot be predicted by standard testing methods. An in‐silico study was performed to investigate the influence of gait variability on TKR polyethylene wear. Nine characteristic peaks within the load and motion profiles used for TKR wear testing were varied 75% to 125% from baseline (ISO‐14243‐3:2014) to generate 310 unique waveforms. Wear was calculated for 1‐million cycles using a finite element TKR wear model. From the results, a surrogate model was developed using multiple linear regression, and used to predict how wear changes due to dispersion of motion and force peaks within a) ±5%, the maximum allowable input tolerance of ISO, and b) ±25%, more reflective of patient gait inter‐variability. The range of wear within the ±5% tolerance was 0.65 mm3/million cycles and was 3.24 mm3/million cycles within the ±25% variability more in line with the dispersion observed within patients. Although no one kinematic or kinetic peak dominated variability in TKR volumetric wear, variability within flexion/extension peaks were the largest contributor to wear rate variability. Interaction between the peaks of different waveforms was also important. This study, and future studies incorporating patient‐specific data, could help to explain the connection between patient‐specific gait factors and wear rates.