bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuel effects on aqueous film formation and foam degradation and their impact on fire suppression by foams containing fluorosurfactants
Authors: Hinnant Katherine , Button Michael , Giles Spencer , Snow Arthur , Ananth Ramagopal 
Published: September 2020

SummarySpreading coefficient, foam degradation, fuel transport through a foam layer, foam spread, and fire extinction time were collected by varying fuels for a given fluorosurfactant formulation. Varying fuel structure systematically enabled variation of foam‐fuel interactions, and spreading coefficients, which affected aqueous film formation. A wide range of spreading coefficients were studied using two foam formulations. Surfactant formulations with near‐zero or negative spreading coefficients (−1.2, −0.12 mN/m) suppressed the fires within the same time or faster than those with positive spreading coefficients (1.77, 3.28 mN/m). Both foams extinguished an iso‐octane and methylcyclohexane pool fire despite negative spreading coefficients on iso‐octane and positive spreading coefficients on methylcyclohexane. The fire extinction times collected relate more closely to foam degradation than to film formation. Foam degradation results showed a roughly 20% variation in lifetime between the two foams and the three fuels, consistent with fire extinction times. To understand the relationship between foam degradation and solution properties, a single lamella experiment was designed that monitors lamella thickness and lifetime. This experiment, relating solution to foam properties, will aid in the development of environmentally friendly surfactant replacements in firefighting foams.
An approximate well‐balanced upgrade of Godunov‐type schemes for the isothermal Euler equations and the drift flux model with laminar friction and gravitation
Authors: Abbasi Mohammad Hossein , Naderi Lordejani Sajad , Berg Christian , Iapichino Laura , Schilders Wil H. A. , van de Wouw Nathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, approximate well‐balanced (WB) finite‐volume schemes are developed for the isothermal Euler equations and the drift flux model (DFM), widely used for the simulation of single‐ and two‐phase flows. The proposed schemes, which are extensions of classical schemes, effectively enforce the WB property to obtain a higher accuracy compared with classical schemes for both the isothermal Euler equations and the DFM in case of nonzero flow in the presences of both laminar friction and gravitation. The approximate WB property also holds for the case of zero flow for the isothermal Euler equations. This is achieved by defining a relevant average of the source terms which exploits the steady‐state solution of the system of equations. The new extended schemes reduce to the original classical scheme in the absence of source terms in the system of equations. The superiority of the proposed WB schemes to classical schemes, in terms of accuracy and computational effort, is illustrated by means of numerical test cases with smooth steady‐state solutions. Furthermore, the new schemes are shown numerically to be approximately first‐order accurate.
Interaction between iron and dihydromyricetin extracted from vine tea
Authors: Wang Liling , Qin Yuchuan , Wang Yanbin , Zhou Yifeng , Liu Bentong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this research, the interaction between dihydromyricetin (DMY) obtained from vine tea and iron ions (Fe (II) and Fe (III)) was investigated at pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0 with UV absorption and fluorescence quenching spectroscopy. The effects of DMY on the stability and solubility of iron ion were also studied. The results showed the presence of iron ions changed the UV absorption spectra of DMY at the experimental pH values. And the fluorescence spectra showed that iron ion had enhanced fluorescence effect on DMY. In addition, DMY was capable of protecting Fe (II) from being oxidized and improving the solubility of Fe (III).
Geotechnische und tunnelbautechnische Aspekte beim Bau der U5 in Frankfurt am Main
Authors: Budach Christoph , Kulkarni Raghu , Weiner Thorsten , Kirchner Sven 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn der Frankfurter Innenstadt entsteht das Europaviertel, ein neuer Stadtteil, der mit einer U‐Bahnlinie erschlossen wird. In diesem Rahmen wird der Bau zweier paralleler Tunnelröhren über eine Länge von je ca. 840 m mittels eines erddruckgestützten Schildvortriebs mit Tübbingausbau realisiert. Der Arbeitsgemeinschaft (ARGE) U5 Europaviertel, bestehend aus den Partnern PORR und Stump, wurde vom Auftraggeber (AG), der Stadtbahn Europaviertel Projektbaugesellschaft (SBEV), diese Aufgabe Ende 2016 übertragen. Der Start zum Auffahren der südlichen Röhre hat im August 2019 begonnen. Das Projekt zeichnet sich durch eine anspruchsvolle Baugrundsituation aus. Hervorzuheben ist der Frankfurter Ton mit Kalk‐ und Sandsteinbänken. Als besondere Herausforderung ist der westliche Tunnelabschnitt unmittelbar nach der Anfahrt mit seinen inhomogenen Baugrundverhältnissen zu nennen.
Transcervical arterial ligation for prevention of postoperative hemorrhage in transoral oropharyngectomy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sharbel Daniel D. , Abkemeier Mary , Sullivan James , Zimmerman Zach , Albergotti William G. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Byrd James Kenneth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTranscervical arterial ligation has been studied as a useful procedure to prevent bleeding events after transoral robotic surgery (TORS).MethodsA systematic review of English‐language literature on arterial ligation in TORS from 2005 to 2019 was conducted using Cochrane, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and ScienceDirect databases. Studies evaluating ligation and rates of postoperative hemorrhage were included. Meta‐analysis of included studies was performed to assess impact of ligation on postoperative hemorrhage.ResultsFive studies with 2008 patients were included. History of radiation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.26, P = .02) and advanced tumor stage (OR = 1.93, P = .02) were found to predispose patients to postoperative hemorrhage. Arterial ligation was protective against severe hemorrhage in the mixed primary surgical modality cohort (OR = 0.33, P = .03) and in the TORS‐only subgroup (OR = 0.21, P = .02), but did not significantly impact overall odds of postoperative hemorrhage.ConclusionTranscervical arterial ligation offers protection against major/severe postoperative hemorrhage in patients undergoing TORS.Level of EvidenceII.
Performance of the Swede score to predict cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with HIV‐1 in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Maringa Vusumuzi David , Chikandiwa Admire , Gilham Clare , Mbodi Langanani , Kelly Helen , Mayaud Philippe , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Adam Yasmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of the Swede score to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with HIV‐1 in Johannesburg, South Africa.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using secondary data analysis from the HPV in Africa Research Partnership (HARP) study that compared the performance of three different screening tests to detect CIN. Colposcopy was performed on any woman who screened positive and findings were recorded using the Swede score. A biopsy of any lesion and a four‐quadrant biopsy was taken. The score was evaluated against a histological diagnosis of >CIN1. The sensistivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for each score was calculated.ResultsMedian age and CD4+ count of the 576 women eligible from the Johannesburg cohort was 34 years (IQR, 30–39) and 427 cells/mm3 (IQR, 323–579), respectively. Almost two‐thirds (64%) were on ART and about 21% had CIN 2+ on histology. A Swede score of 5 or greater had the best combination of sensitivity and specificity for CIN 2+ with an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.68–0.76) corresponding to a sensitivity of 72.1 (95% CI, 63.5–79.6) and specificity of 71.8 (95% CI, 67.4–75.9).ConclusionThe Swede score can assist in determining whether women with HIV/AIDS should have treatment at the first colposcopy visit versus those who may be followed up, thereby individualizing treatment.
Exploring the mediating role of integrative self‐knowledge in the relationship between mindfulness and well‐being in the context of a mindfulness‐based stress reduction program
Authors: Abbasi Maryam , Ghorbani Nima , Imani Amir Hossein , Tahbaz Hoseinzadeh Sahar 
Published: September 2020

Mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) is an effective program for improving well‐being. A growing body of studies is exploring the mechanisms mediating its beneficial effects. Integrative self‐knowledge (ISK) is the construct of focus in this study. The primary goal of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of ISK in the relationship between improved mindful observing (MO), non‐judging inner experience (NJ), and well‐being following an MBSR program with an Iranian sample. Participants (n = 118) enrolled in MBSR and completed depression, anxiety, stress (DASS), Bartone Symptoms Checklist (BSC), Five‐Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and ISK scale before and after the program. Results showed significant reductions in BSC, DASS, and improvements in MO, NJ, and ISK at the end of the program. Mediation analyses revealed that changes in ISK significantly mediated the relationship between changes in MO and NJ and symptoms (MO indirect effect on DASS: β = 0.11, confidence interval [CI] [0.003, 0.29]; NJ indirect effect on DASS: β = 0.12, CI [−0.16, 0.45]; MO indirect effect on BSC: β = 0.08, CI [0.001, 0.27]; NJ indirect effect on BSC: β = 0.09, CI [0.01, 0.22]). Improvements in MO and NJ may provide a pathway to cultivating ISK in MBSR, which may lead to enhanced well‐being.
Novel RPL13 Variants and Variable Clinical Expressivity in a Human Ribosomopathy With Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia
Authors: Costantini Alice , Alm Jessica J , Tonelli Francesca , Valta Helena , Huber Céline , Tran Anh N , Daponte Valentina , Kirova Nadi , Kwon Yong-Uk , Bae Jung Yun , Chung Woo Yeong , Tan Shengjiang , Sznajer Yves , Nishimura Gen , Näreoja Tuomas , Warren Alan J , Cormier-Daire Valérie , Kim Ok-Hwa , Forlino Antonella , Cho Tae-Joon , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias (SEMDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable growth failure and skeletal impairments affecting the spine and long bone epiphyses and metaphyses. Here we report on four unrelated families with SEMD in which we identified two monoallelic missense variants and one monoallelic splice site variant in RPL13, encoding the ribosomal protein eL13. In two out of four families, we observed autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and variable clinical expressivity; the phenotypes of the mutation-positive subjects ranged from normal height with or without hip dysplasia to severe SEMD with severe short stature and marked skeletal dysplasia. In vitro studies on patient-derived dermal fibroblasts harboring RPL13 missense mutations demonstrated normal eL13 expression, with proper subcellular localization but reduced colocalization with eL28 (p &lt; 0.001). Cellular functional defects in fibroblasts from mutation-positive subjects indicated a significant increase in the ratio of 60S subunits to 80S ribosomes (p = 0.007) and attenuated global translation (p = 0.017). In line with the human phenotype, our rpl13 mutant zebrafish model, generated by CRISPR-Cas9 editing, showed cartilage deformities at embryonic and juvenile stages. These findings extend the genetic spectrum of RPL13 mutations causing this novel human ribosomopathy with variable skeletal features. Our study underscores for the first time incomplete penetrance and broad phenotypic variability in SEMD-RPL13 type and confirms impaired ribosomal function. Furthermore, the newly generated rpl13 mutant zebrafish model corroborates the role of eL13 in skeletogenesis. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
CEO overconfidence and corporate risk taking: Evidence from pension policy
Authors: Goldberg Cathy S. , Graham Carol M. , Ha Joohyung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examine the relationship between managerial overconfidence and corporate risk taking. More specifically, we investigate how overconfidence affects the risks that CEOs take in managing their firm's pension plans. Using both options‐based and firm‐based measures to proxy for CEO overconfidence, we find that overconfident CEOs are more likely to take on greater risk in managing their pension plans by increasing the amount of pension assets invested in equities and the volatility of the pension fund. Our results are significant in the post‐global financial crisis of 2008 during a period when data indicates average equity allocation in pension assets decreased thus highlighting that overconfident managers behaved contrary to the overall market. This study adds to the literature on both managerial overconfidence and its consequences, and on the drivers of corporate pension policy.
Comments on some chemical properties of diphenyl disulfide and its derivatives: II.Correlating the studies of reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds with the studies of anti‐human immunodeficiency virus activity with lowest unoccupied molecular orbital properties
Authors: Lin Hung‐Sung , Wu Yan , Liu Yu‐Ju , Chen Shu‐Hui , Chen Wei‐Ting , Wang Shao‐Pin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe higher anti‐human immunodeficiency virus activity of a symmetrical 2,2′‐disubstitued derivative of diphenyl disulfide (DPDS) has been explained by the lower energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), resulted from a better hydrogen bond stabilization of the σ*SS bond orbital (BO). This conclusion entails the participation of σ*SS BO in constructing the LUMO. The higher content of σ*SS BO, compared to π*CC BOs of phenyl groups, in LUMO of DPDS has been found through analysis of the LUMO of DPDS expanded in the BO space. The high content of σ*SS BO (%σ*SS) in the LUMO of DPDS has laid the foundation for the formation of σ‐type radical anion intermediate in the stepwise reductive cleavage of disulfide bond in the symmetrical 4,4′‐disubstitued DPDS derivatives. For the nine 4,4′‐disubstituted DPDS‐derivatives under reductive cleavage studies, the increasing %σ*SS in the LUMOs is parallel to the increasing value of inner reorganization energy.
Comparison of antifungal and cytotoxicity activities of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles with amphotericin B against different Candida species: In vitro evaluation
Authors: Ahmadpour Kermani Shima , Salari Samira , Ghasemi Nejad Almani Pooya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundCandida species are known to cause serious fungal infections that produce cutaneous, mucosal, and systemic infections. Nowadays, mortality and morbidity candidiasis in immunocompromised patients have increased. Nanotechnology is a new world‐known technology and includes particles ranging from about 1 to 100 nanometers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and cytotoxicity activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2‐NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) compared to amphotericin B (AmB) on different Candida spp in in vitro conditions.MethodsIn the present study, susceptibility of different Candida species to TiO2‐NPs and ZnO‐NPs compared to AmB was determined by broth microdilution (BMD) and agar well diffusion methods. Cytotoxicity of TiO2‐NPs and ZnO‐NPs and amphotericin B was measured by MTT (3‐(4, 5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay.ResultsThe results indicated that the TiO2‐NPs and ZnO‐NPs showed antifungal activities against pathogenic Candida spp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of TiO2‐NP ranges against Candida spp. were 128‐256 µg/mL and 256‐512 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC values of ZnO‐NPs were 64‐128 µg/mL and 256‐512 µg/mL, respectively. However, MICs and MFCs of AmB were 8‐16 µg/mL and 16‐32 µg/mL, respectively. The MTT assay results showed that the CC50% belonged to ZnO‐NPs 706.2 μg/mL, for TiO2‐NPs 862.1 μg/mL, and for AmB 70.19 μg/mL, respectively.ConclusionOur findings showed that TiO2‐NPs and ZnO‐NPs had antifungal effects against all Candida species, yet the antifungal properties of TiO2‐NPs and ZnO‐NPs were significantly less than those of AmB. The CC50% of AmB was significantly lower than ZnO‐NPs and TiO2‐NPs.
Nifedipine Does Not Alter the Pharmacokinetics of Venlafaxine Enantiomers in Healthy Subjects Phenotyped for CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A
Authors: Tozatto Eduardo , Benzi Jhohann Richard de Lima , Rocha Adriana , Coelho Eduardo Barbosa , Lanchote Vera Lucia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVenlafaxine (VEN) is a P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate, and nifedipine has been described by in vitro and experimental studies as a P‐gp inhibitor. The present study aimed to investigate whether nifedipine alters the kinetic disposition of VEN enantiomers and their metabolites in healthy subjects. A crossover study was conducted in 10 healthy subjects phenotyped as extensive metabolizers for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A. In phase 1, the subjects received a single oral dose of 150 mg racemic VEN, and in phase 2, a single oral dose of 40 mg nifedipine was administered with the VEN treatment. Plasma concentrations of VEN enantiomers and their metabolites O‐desmethylvenlafaxine and N, O‐ didesmethylvenlafaxine (ODV and DDV, respectively) were evaluated by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry up to 72 hours after drug administration. Phase 2 was compared with phase 1 using the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the ratio of geometric means for Cmax and area under the curve (AUC). AUC enantiomeric ratios S‐(+)/R‐(−) were evaluated within each and between phases using the Wilcoxon test (P ≤ .05). The kinetic disposition of VEN was enantioselective (phase 1) with VEN S‐(+)/R‐(−) AUC ratio median of 2.83 (AUC0‐∞, 526 vs 195 ng·h/mL). However, AUC median did not differ between enantiomers for the metabolites ODV (1971 vs 2226 ng·h/mL) and DDV (199 vs 151 ng·h/mL). The 90%CI of the ratio of geometric means showed that the phases are bioequivalent. A single oral dose of 40 mg nifedipine did not alter VEN enantiomer pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects.
Five different solutions to mitigate overprescribing opioid medications
Authors: Font Kerri , Johnson Lonnie , Powell Charles 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe University of Colorado School of Dental Medicine took 5 distinct actions to mitigate the amount of opioids prescribed at the dental school between the years 2016‐2020.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated a comprehensive 5‐step quality improvement strategy which was implemented to decrease opioid prescribing. a) development of a Dental Pain Management Protocol, b) implementation of the protocol with pre‐doctoral students, c) incorporating the results of a Master's project that determined the actual postoperative pain after periodontal/oral surgical procedures, d) development of a favorite electronic prescription list, and e) creation of patient instructions to allow for information on nonopioid analgesic use after dental procedures to be disseminated to the patient.ResultsThere was a significant decrease (P = 0.05) in the opioid prescribing trend with the implementation of these 5 actions, resulting in an overall 68.8% decrease for prescription writing of opioids and a 78.6% decrease of opioid pills over this 3 year period.ConclusionSimple guidelines and protocols resulted in a drastic decrease in opioid prescribing, with limited negative feedback from faculty and patients.
Phenothiazine‐based chalcones as potential dual‐target inhibitors toward cholinesterases (AChE, BuChE) and monoamine oxidases (MAO‐A, MAO‐B)
Authors: Yamali Cem , Engin Feyza Sena , Bilginer Sinan , Tugrak Mehtap , Ozmen Ozgun Dilan , Ozli Gulsen , Levent Serkan , Saglik Begum Nurpelin , Ozkay Yusuf , Gul Halise Inci 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChalcones targeting neurodegenerative diseases have been known as attractive structures in drug design and discovery. In this study, phenothiazine‐based chalcones as ChEs and MAOs inhibitors were designed and synthesized via base‐catalyzed Claisen‐Schmidt condensation, and chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by NMRs and HRMS. Compounds 3 and 9 showed promising inhibition potency against AChE enzyme with IC50 values of 0.221 μM and 0.053 μM while compound 9 displayed remarkable inhibition potency toward MAO‐B enzyme with IC50 value of 0.048 μM. Compound 9, as a dual‐target inhibitor, selectively inhibited AChE and MAO‐B enzymes. This promising behavior is an advantage for the compound since MAO‐B and AChE inhibition have a role in Alzheimer's disease. Fused tricyclic ring systems such as phenothiazine incorporated with chalcone moiety being multitargeting ligands may help scientists for the rational design of novel lead compounds targeting neurodegenerative illnesses.
Enhanced Masses on Contrast‐Enhanced Breast: Differentiation Using a Combination of Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced MRI and Quantitative Evaluation with Synthetic MRI
Authors: Matsuda Megumi , Tsuda Takaharu , Ebihara Rui , Toshimori Wataru , Takeda Shiori , Okada Kanako , Nakasuka Kaori , Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Suekuni Hiroshi , Kamei Yoshiaki , Kurata Mie , Kitazawa Riko , Mochizuki Teruhito , Kido Teruhito 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe addition of synthetic MRI might improve the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) in patients with breast cancer.PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic value of a combination of DCE‐MRI and quantitative evaluation using synthetic MRI for differentiation between benign and malignant breast masses.Study TypeRetrospective, observational.PopulationIn all, 121 patients with 131 breast masses who underwent DCE‐MRI with additional synthetic MRI were enrolled.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 Tesla, T1‐weighted DCE‐MRI and synthetic MRI acquired by a multiple‐dynamic, multiple‐echo sequence.AssessmentAll lesions were differentiated as benign or malignant using the following three diagnostic methods: DCE‐MRI type based on the Breast Imaging–Reporting and Data System; synthetic MRI type using quantitative evaluation values calculated by synthetic MRI; and a combination of the DCE‐MRI + Synthetic MRI types. The diagnostic performance of the three methods were compared.Statistical TestsUnivariate (Mann–Whitney U‐test) and multivariate (binomial logistic regression) analyses were performed, followed by receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate analyses showed that the mean T1 relaxation time in a breast mass obtained by synthetic MRI prior to injection of contrast agent (pre‐T1) was the only significant quantitative value acquired by synthetic MRI that could independently differentiate between malignant and benign breast masses. The AUC for all enrolled breast masses assessed by DCE‐MRI + Synthetic MRI type (0.83) was significantly greater than that for the DCE‐MRI type (0.70, P < 0.05) or synthetic MRI type (0.73, P < 0.05). The AUC for category 4 masses assessed by the DCE‐MRI + Synthetic MRI type was significantly greater than that for those assessed by the DCE‐MRI type (0.74 vs. 0.50, P < 0.05).Data ConclusionA combination of synthetic MRI and DCE‐MRI improves the accuracy of diagnosis of benign and malignant breast masses, especially category 4 masses.Level of Evidence 4Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:381–391.