bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ricardo flies Ryanair: Strategic human resource management and competitive advantage in a Single European Aviation Market
Authors: Harvey Geraint , Turnbull Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHow and why are some firms, such as Ryanair, able to consistently record industry‐leading profitability that sustains a competitive advantage over their rivals? Human resource management (HRM) plays a critical role in four widely recognised profit‐generating mechanisms, albeit not always in ways predicted by mainstream strategic HRM. Studies of HRM → performance grounded in the resource‐based view of the firm invariably focus on the human resources already controlled by the firm—specifically, resources that are rare, inimitable, non‐substitutable and can be exploited through organisation—rather than strategic factor markets where firms acquire their human resources. In doing so, these studies overlook the industrial relations and wider institutional context that might variously promote, permit or preclude particular HR policies and practices. It is only when different profit‐generating mechanisms, either in isolation or combination, are activated under the auspicious conditions of a particular time and place that HRM contributes to sustained competitive advantage.
A chromosome‐scale reference genome and genome‐wide genetic variations elucidate adaptation in yak
Authors: Ji Qiu‐mei , Xin Jin‐wei , Chai Zhi‐xin , Zhang Cheng‐fu , Dawa Yangla , Luo Sang , Zhang Qiang , Pingcuo Zhandui , Peng Min‐Sheng , Zhu Yong , Cao Han‐wen , Wang Hui , Han Jian‐lin , Zhong Jin‐cheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractYak is an important livestock animal for the people indigenous to the harsh, oxygen‐limited Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and Hindu Kush ranges of the Himalayas. The yak genome was sequenced in 2012, but its assembly was fragmented because of the inherent limitations of the Illumina sequencing technology used to analyse it. An accurate and complete reference genome is essential for the study of genetic variations in this species. Long‐read sequences are more complete than their short‐read counterparts and have been successfully applied towards high‐quality genome assembly for various species. In this study, we present a high‐quality chromosome‐scale yak genome assembly (BosGru_PB_v1.0) constructed with long‐read sequencing and chromatin interaction technologies. Compared to an existing yak genome assembly (BosGru_v2.0), BosGru_PB_v1.0 shows substantially improved chromosome sequence continuity, reduced repetitive structure ambiguity, and gene model completeness. To characterize genetic variation in yak, we generated de novo genome assemblies based on Illumina short reads for seven recognized domestic yak breeds in Tibet and Sichuan and one wild yak from Hoh Xil. We compared these eight assemblies to the BosGru_PB_v1.0 genome, obtained a comprehensive map of yak genetic diversity at the whole‐genome level, and identified several protein‐coding genes absent from the BosGru_PB_v1.0 assembly. Despite the genetic bottleneck experienced by wild yak, their diversity was nonetheless higher than that of domestic yak. Here, we identified breed‐specific sequences and genes by whole‐genome alignment, which may facilitate yak breed identification.
Mitochondrial DNA mutation exacerbates female reproductive aging via impairment of the NADH/NAD+ redox
Authors: Yang Liang , Lin Xiaobing , Tang Haite , Fan Yuting , Zeng Sheng , Jia Lei , Li Yukun , Shi Yanan , He Shujing , Wang Hao , Hu Zhijuan , Gong Xiao , Liang Xiaoyan , Yang Yi , Liu Xingguo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMammals' aging is correlated with the accumulation of somatic heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Whether and how aging accumulated mtDNA mutations modulate fertility remains unknown. Here, we analyzed oocyte quality of young (≤30 years old) and elder (≥38 years old) female patients and show the elder group had lower blastocyst formation rate and more mtDNA point mutations in oocytes. To test the causal role of mtDNA point mutations on infertility, we used polymerase gamma (POLG) mutator mice. We show that mtDNA mutation levels inversely correlate with fertility, interestingly mainly affecting not male but female fertility. mtDNA mutations decrease female mice's fertility by reducing ovarian primordial and mature follicles. Mechanistically, accumulation of mtDNA mutations decreases fertility by impairing oocyte's NADH/NAD+ redox state, which could be rescued by nicotinamide mononucleotide treatment. For the first time, we answer the fundamental question of the causal effect of age‐accumulated mtDNA mutations on fertility and its sex dependence, and show its distinct metabolic controlling mechanism.
Conservation translocations of Hawaiian monk seals: accounting for variability in body condition improves evaluation of translocation efficacy
Authors: Baker J. D. , Barbieri M. M. , Johanos T. C. , Littnan C. L. , Bohlander J. L. , Kaufman A. C. , Harting A. L. , Farry S. C. , Yoshinaga C. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo assess the efficacy of conservation translocations, survival of released individuals is typically compared to that of control groups. Such comparisons assume that treatment groups consist of otherwise equivalent individuals. When that assumption is unmet, incorporating physiological parameters may improve assessment of translocation programs. During 2012–2014, 19 weaned female Hawaiian monk seal pups were translocated to sites where survival prospects were expected to be more favorable than at their natal locations. We compared survival from weaning to age two years of translocated pups to two control groups; pups remaining at source sites and pups native to destination sites. To account for the known relationship between weaning girth and survival, we generated probability distributions of the number of survivors at source and destination sites given the weaning girths of translocated seals. Data were available to calculate girth‐adjusted survival probabilities for 13 of the translocated pups. Of these, we estimated that only one pup would have been expected to have survived had the translocated pups remained at their natal site. Seven of the 13 translocated seals survived, a value just below the median (eight) expected to have survived at the destination site. Thus, translocation substantially improved survival. Had we not accounted for weaning girth effects on survival, we would have erroneously concluded that the translocation program had yielded no survival benefit. Identifying and integrating correlates of survival into quantitative analyses associated with conservation translocations can reduce bias and lead to greater success.
Sex‐dependent pharmacological profiles of the synthetic cannabinoid MMB‐Fubinaca
Authors: Oliveira da Cruz José F. , Ioannidou Christina , Pagano Zottola Antonio C. , Muguruza Carolina , Gomez‐Sotres Paula , Fernandez Monica , Callado Luis F. , Marsicano Giovanni , Busquets‐Garcia Arnau 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSynthetic cannabinoids have emerged as novel psychoactive substances with damaging consequences for public health. They exhibit high affinity at the cannabinoid type‐1 (CB1) receptor and produce similar and often more potent effects as other CB1 receptor agonists. However, we are still far from a complete pharmacological understanding of these compounds. In this study, by using behavioral, molecular, pharmacological, and electrophysiological approaches, we aimed at characterizing several in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects of the synthetic cannabinoid MMB‐Fubinaca (also known as AMB‐Fubinaca or FUB‐AMB), a particular synthetic cannabinoid. MMB‐Fubinaca stimulates CB1 receptor‐mediated functional coupling to G‐proteins in mouse and human brain preparations in a similar manner as the CB1 receptor agonist WIN55,512‐2 but with a much greater potency. Both drugs similarly activate the CB1 receptor‐dependent extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Notably, in vivo administration of MMB‐Fubinaca in mice induced greater behavioral and electrophysiological effects in male than in female mice in a CB1 receptor‐dependent manner. Overall, these data provide a solid pharmacological profiling of the effects of MMB‐Fubinaca and important information about the mechanisms of action underlying its harmful impact in humans. At the same time, they reinforce the significant sexual dimorphism of cannabinoid actions, which will have to be taken into account in future animal and clinical studies.
A cross‐sectional study exploring obesity and pregnancy planning among women attending an antenatal clinic in Suva, Fiji
Authors: Mudaliar Jyotishna , Nusair Pushpa , McCudden Lucy , Melville Peter , Rouse Ian , Black Kirsten 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundPregnancy planning enables maternal health optimisation which is particularly important for women who have obesity and are at increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.AimsThe prevalence of pregnancy planning and its relationship to body mass index (BMI) was investigated in a cohort of women attending antenatal clinics in the main referral hospital in Suva, Fiji.Materials and MethodsThe questionnaire captured health and socio‐demographic data, anthropometry and asked about pregnancy planning.ResultsTwo thousand, two hundred and three pregnant women presenting for their first booking at the antenatal clinic were enrolled; 721 (37.4%) out of 1926 women with complete data reported they did not plan their pregnancy. A third of women (n = 633, 32.8%) had overweight and 805 (41.7%) had obesity. In multivariable analyses parity, employment status, marital status, and BMI were significantly associated with pregnancy planning. Compared to women of a healthy weight or underweight, women who have obesity were less likely to plan their pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio 0.742; 95% CI 0.569–0.967).ConclusionTackling the cycle of obesity will require attention to preconception care and optimising weight before pregnancy.
The zebrafish histamine H3 receptor modulates aggression, neural activity and forebrain functional connectivity
Authors: Reichmann Florian , Rimmer Neal , Tilley Ceinwen A. , Dalla Vecchia Elisa , Pinion Joseph , Al Oustah Amir , Carreño Gutiérrez Hector , Young Andrew M. J. , McDearmid Jonathan R. , Winter Matthew J. , Norton William H. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimAggression is a behavioural trait characterized by the intention to harm others for offensive or defensive purposes. Neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine are important mediators of aggression. However, the physiological role of the histaminergic system during this behaviour is currently unclear. Here, we aimed to better understand histaminergic signalling during aggression by characterizing the involvement of the histamine H3 receptor (Hrh3).MethodsWe have generated a novel zebrafish Hrh3 null mutant line using CRISPR‐Cas9 genome engineering and investigated behavioural changes and alterations to neural activity using whole brain Ca2+ imaging in zebrafish larvae and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) immunohistochemistry in adults.ResultsWe show that genetic inactivation of the histamine H3 receptor (Hrh3) reduces aggression in zebrafish, an effect that can be reproduced by pharmacological inhibition. In addition, hrh3−/− zebrafish show behavioural impairments consistent with heightened anxiety. Larval in vivo whole brain Ca2+ imaging reveals higher neuronal activity in the forebrain of mutants, but lower activity in specific hindbrain areas and changes in measures of functional connectivity between subregions. Adult hrh3−/− zebrafish display brain region‐specific neural activity changes in response to aggression of both key regions of the social decision‐making network, and the areas containing histaminergic neurons in the zebrafish brain.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of zebrafish Hrh3 signalling for aggression and anxiety and uncover the brain areas involved. Targeting this receptor might be a potential novel therapeutic route for human conditions characterized by heightened aggression.
A phase 2B randomised trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for ulcerative colitis patients hospitalised for moderate to severe flares
Authors: Dulai Parambir S. , Raffals Laura E. , Hudesman David , Chiorean Michael , Cross Raymond , Ahmed Tasneem , Winter Michael , Chang Shannon , Fudman David , Sadler Charlotte , Chiu Ernest L. , Ross Frank L. , Toups Gary , Murad M. Hassan , Sethuraman Kinjal , Holm James R. , Guilliod Renie , Levine Benjamin , Buckey Jay C. , Siegel Corey A. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundHyperbaric oxygen has been reported to improve disease activity in hospitalised ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.AimTo evaluate dosing strategies with hyperbaric oxygen for hospitalised UC patients.MethodsWe enrolled UC patients hospitalised for acute flares (Mayo score 6‐12). Initially, all patients received 3 days of hyperbaric oxygen at 2.4 atmospheres (90 minutes with two air breaks) in addition to intravenous steroids. Day 3 responders (reduction of partial Mayo score ≥ 2 points and rectal bleeding score ≥ 1 point) were randomised to receive a total of 5 days vs 3 days of hyperbaric oxygen.ResultsWe treated 20 patients with hyperbaric oxygen (75% prior biologic failure). Day 3 response was achieved in 55% (n = 11/20), with significant reductions in stool frequency, rectal bleeding and CRP (P < 0.01). A more significant reduction in disease activity was observed with 5 days vs 3 days of hyperbaric oxygen (P = 0.03). Infliximab or colectomy was required in only three patients (15%) despite a predicted probability of 80% for second‐line therapy. Day 3 hyperbaric oxygen responders were less likely to require re‐hospitalisation or colectomy by 3 months vs non‐responders (0% vs 66%, P = 0.002). No treatment‐related adverse events were observed.ConclusionHyperbaric oxygen appears to be effective for optimising response to intravenous steroids in UC patients hospitalised for acute flares, with low rates of re‐hospitalisation or colectomy at 3 months. An optimal clinical response is achieved with 5 days of hyperbaric oxygen. Larger phase 3 trials are needed to confirm efficacy and obtain labelled approval.
Androgen derivatives improve blood counts and elongate telomere length in adult cryptic dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Kirschner Martin , Vieri Margherita , Kricheldorf Kim , Ferreira Monica S. Ventura , Wlodarski Marcin W. , Schwarz Michaela , Balabanov Stefan , Rolles Benjamin , Isfort Susanne , Koschmieder Steffen , Höchsmann Britta , Panse Jens , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Beier Fabian 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDyskeratosis Congenita (DKC) is a systemic disorder caused by mutations resulting in impaired telomere maintenance. Clinical features include bone marrow failure and an increased risk of developing hematological malignancies. There are conflicting data whether androgen derivatives (AD) can elongate telomeres in vivo and whether AD treatment enhances the risk of gaining myelodysplastic syndrome‐related mutations. Seven TERC or TERT‐mutated DKC patients underwent AD treatment. All patients revealed hematological response. Telomere length of lymphocytes and granulocytes increased significantly and no MDS‐related mutations were detected. Pending longer follow‐up, treatment with AD seems to represent an efficient and safe therapy for DKC patients.
30,000 Minimum Wages: The Economic Effects of Collective Bargaining Extensions
Authors: Martins Pedro S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany governments extend the coverage of collective agreements to workers and employers that were not involved in their bargaining. These extensions may address co‐ordination issues but may also distort competition by imposing sector‐specific minimum wages and other work conditions that are not suitable for some firms and workers. In this article, we analyse the impact of such extensions along several economic margins. Drawing on the worker‐ and firm‐level monthly data for Portugal, a country where extensions have been widespread, and the scattered timing of the extensions, we find that, while continuing workers experience wage increases following an extension, formal employment in the relevant sectors falls, on average, by 2 per cent. These results increase by about 25 per cent across small firms and are driven by reduced hirings. In contrast, the employment and wage bills of independent contractors, who are not subject to labour law or collective bargaining, increase by over 1 per cent following an extension.
The role of the gravity forces on firms’ trade
Authors: Navas Antonio , Serti Francesco , Tomasi Chiara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract.This paper offers both a theoretical framework and empirical evidence on the role that the two gravity forces, namely market size and geographical distance, have indirectly through imports, on firms’ exports patterns. The model shows that sourcing from bigger and closer markets implies higher productivity gains that, in turn, increase firms’ ability to enter export market as well as their export value. Exploiting data on product‐ and destination‐level transactions of a large panel of Italian firms, the paper shows that, on average, the indirect effects of the gravity forces are about one third of their direct effects.Résumé.Rôle des forces de gravité sur le commerce des entreprises. Cet article offre à la fois un cadre théorique et des preuves empiriques sur le rôle que deux forces de gravité, à savoir la taille du marché et l’éloignement géographique, peuvent indirectement exercer sur les profils d’exportation des entreprise en fonction de leurs importations. Ce modèle montre que l’approvisionnement sur des marchés plus vastes et plus proches engendre de meilleurs gains de productivité, augmentant ainsi la capacité des entreprises à intégrer le marché d’exportation ainsi que la valeur de leurs exportations. En s’appuyant sur des données provenant d’un large panel d’entreprises italiennes et relatives aux transactions par type de produit et par destination, cet article montre qu’en moyenne, les effets indirects des forces de gravité représentent environ un tiers de leurs effets directs.
Novel peptidomimetic peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Gokhale Kunal M. , Telvekar Vikas N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEmergence of MDR‐TB and XDR‐TB led to the failure of available anti‐tubercular drugs. In order to explore, identify and develop new anti‐tubercular drugs, novel peptidomimetic series of Mtb–peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitors was designed and synthesized. In vitro antimycobacterial potential of compounds was established by screening of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using MABA. Among them, ester series of compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e were found most active, with compound 4c being highly active and exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentration of 6.25 µg/ml against M. tb H37Rv strain. Additionally, the compounds were docked to determine the probable binding interactions and understand the mechanism of action of most active molecules on Mtb‐peptide deformylase (PDF), which is involved in the mycobacterium protein synthesis.
The new T3b category has clinical significance? SEER‐based study
Authors: Xiang Jingzhe , Wang Zhihong , Sun Wei , Zhang Hao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveAs per the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), minimal extrathyroidal extension (mETE) has been removed. Instead, gross ETE (gETE) invading only strap muscles has been designated as a new T3b category. Our objective was to investigate the impact of the T3b category on survival in order to establish its prognostic value in DTC.DesignIn this retrospective study, we included patients who had undergone thyroidectomy between 2004 and 2012. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were examined.MethodsWe used the Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test to analyse overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). The effect of potential predictors associated with survival were estimated using the Cox regression model. To minimize selection bias, propensity‐score matching (PSM) was performed.ResultsA total of 63 315 patients were included in our study. During the average follow‐up duration of nearly 78 months, significant differences were observed in cancer‐specific survival among patients with no ETE, mETE, gETE invading only strap muscles (T3b) and gETE invading perithyroidal structures other than strap muscles (T4) (P < .05). In univariable and multivariate analysis, both mETE and T3b exhibited significant poorer CSS compared with no ETE. After adjusting for patient features with PSM, it was confirmed that T3b was associated with worse CSS compared with no ETE and mETE.ConclusionsBoth mETE and gETE are independent factors for DTC, implying that the new T3b category is worthy of reference for medical workers. Furthermore, mETE was significantly associated with poorer outcome. Our conclusion may provide support for the modification of the TNM staging system in the future.
Caregiver depression and child behaviour problems: A longitudinal mixed effects approach
Authors: Marçal Katherine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCaregiver mental health has a powerful influence on child well‐being. Both maternal depression and paternal depression predict behaviour problems in young children. However, little is known about the nature of this link over time. The present study leveraged a large sample of at‐risk families to examine the impact of maternal and paternal depression on trajectories of child behaviour from age 3 to 15. Data came from the At‐Home substudy of the Fragile Families and Child Well‐Being Study, which observed a cohort of children born 1998–2000 in 20 large American cities (N = 1,090). Multiple imputation by chained equations addressed missing data to maximize available information without biasing models. Linear mixed effects models tested the association between caregiver depression and child behaviour over 12 years; interaction models tested whether this association changed as children transitioned into adolescence. Results showed caregiver depression is related with increases in both child internalizing and externalizing problems, and these relationships strengthened over time. Findings inform risk trajectories of distinct behavioural problems, shedding light on the development of child psychopathology and highlighting opportunities for intervention.
Pulmonary embolism in obesity‐hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Ekici Aydanur , Ekici Mehmet , İleri Şule , Çimen Asiye Büşra , Aslan Habibe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionObesity‐hypoventilation syndrome occurs with alveolar hypoventilation during sleeping and daytime. Obesity may be a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. However, the venous thromboembolism in the obesity‐hypoventilation syndrome is not well characterized.ObjectiveThis case series aimed to investigate the presence and clinical features of venous thromboembolism in patients with the obesity‐hypoventilation syndrome.MethodsData of eight case reports were collected. Ages ranged from 36 to 73 years.ResultsAll patients had mosaic perfusion and enlarged main pulmonary artery, two had signs of infarction and mostly segmental and subsegmental filling defects. On the basis of this information some conclusions can be drawn carefully.ConclusionPresent cases indicate that pulmonary embolism are also very common in patients with obesity‐hypoventilation syndrome, anticoagulant therapy is at least as important as the treatment of the current disease. Clinicians will frequently be faced with patients with obesity‐hypoventilation syndrome suspected of PE.