bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscous flow through microfabricated axisymmetric contraction/expansion geometries
Authors: Pimenta Francisco , Toda-Peters Kazumi , Shen Amy Q. , Alves Manuel A. , Haward Simon J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We employ a state-of-the-art microfabrication technique (selective laser-induced etching) to fabricate a set of axisymmetric microfluidic geometries featuring a 4:1 contraction followed by a 1:4 downstream expansion in the radial dimension. Three devices are fabricated: the first has a sudden contraction followed by a sudden expansion, the second features hyperbolic contraction and expansion profiles, and the third has a numerically optimized contraction/expansion profile intended to provide a constant extensional/compressional rate along the axis. We use micro-particle image velocimetry to study the creeping flow of a Newtonian fluid through the three devices and we compare the obtained velocity profiles with finite-volume numerical predictions, with good agreement. This work demonstrates the capability of this new microfabrication technique for producing accurate non-planar microfluidic geometries with complex shapes and with sufficient clarity for optical probes. The axisymmetric microfluidic geometries examined have potential to be used for the study of the extensional properties and non-linear dynamics of viscoelastic flows, and to investigate the transport and deformation dynamics of bubbles, drops, cells, and fibers.

Graphic abstract
Haptic exploration improves performance of a laparoscopic training task
Authors: Postema Roelf R. , van Gastel Leonie A. , Hardon Sem F. , Bonjer H. Jaap , Horeman Tim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopy has reduced tactile and visual feedback compared to open surgery. There is increasing evidence that visual and haptic information converge to form a more robust mental representation of an object. We investigated whether tactile exploration of an object prior to executing a laparoscopic action on it improves performance.

Methods
A prospective cohort study with 20 medical students randomized in two different groups was conducted. A silicone ileocecal model, on which a laparoscopic action had to be performed, was used inside an outside a ForceSense box trainer. During the pre-test, students either did a combined manual and visual exploration or only visual exploration of the caecum model. To track performance during the trials of the study we used force, motion and time parameters as representatives of technical skills development. The final trial data were used for statistical comparison between groups.

Results
All included time and motion parameters did not show any clear differences between groups. However, the force parameters Mean force non-zero (p = 004), Maximal force (p = 0.01) Maximal impulse (p = 0.02), Force volume (p = 0.02) and SD force (p = 0.01) showed significant lower values in favour of the tactile exploration group for the final trials.

Conclusions
By adding haptic sensation to the existing visual information during training of laparoscopic tasks on life-like models, tissue manipulation skills improve during training.
Patient outcomes, patient experiences and process indicators associated with the routine use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in cancer care: a systematic review
Authors: Graupner Caitlin , Kimman Merel L. , Mul Suzanne , Slok Annerika H. M. , Claessens Danny , Kleijnen Jos , Dirksen Carmen D. , Breukink Stéphanie O. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In current cancer care, there is a growing debate about the value of using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in daily clinical follow-up. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess the evidence of the effectiveness of the routine use of PROMs in daily cancer care in terms of patient outcomes, patient experiences and process indicators and to identify the effect of giving feedback about PROM findings to patients and/or health care professionals (HCPs).

Methods
A systematic search was performed. Studies were eligible for inclusion when they (1) used a PROM as an intervention, with or without feedback to patients and/or HCPs, compared with not using a PROM, and (2) used a PROM as an intervention with feedback to patients and/or HCPs, compared with using a PROM without giving feedback to patients and/or HCPs.

Results
After screening of 8341 references, 22 original studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies found a positive effect on survival, symptoms, HRQoL and patient satisfaction. In general, using feedback to patient and/or HCPs about the PROM results led to better symptom control, HRQoL, patient satisfaction and patient-doctor communication. The majority of included studies had insufficient power to detect significant differences in the outcomes assessed.

Conclusion
This review shows that predominantly positive findings were found in the use of a PROM in daily cancer care. Additionally, more positive effects were seen when feedback is provided to patient and/or health care professionals, and it is thus highly recommended that this is always done.
Reducing the burden of brain tumor surgery
Authors: ter Laan Mark , Roelofs Suzanne , Adang Eddy M. M. , Bartels Ronald H. M. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Even though the need has been challenged, admitting patients to an intensive care or medium care unit (ICU/MCU) after adult supratentorial tumor craniotomy remains common practice. We have introduced a “no ICU, unless” policy for tumor craniotomy patients and evaluate costs, complications, and length of stay.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was performed comparing patients that underwent tumor craniotomy for supratentorial tumors during 2 years after introduction of the new policy with the year before.

Results
A reduction in ICU/MCU admittance from 88 to 23% of patients was found resulting in 13% cost reduction. Also, the new policy resulted in a 1.4-day shorter post-operative length of stay. Minor complications were reduced, while major complications remained the same. All major complications are reviewed.

Conclusions
We show that routine post-operative ICU/MCU admittance after tumor craniotomy does not reduce complications, but actually interferes with recovery of our patients. Changing the paradigm results in earlier discharge and cost reduction.
Cellular responses to deproteinized bovine bone mineral biofunctionalized with bone-conditioned medium
Authors: Parisi Ludovica , Buser Daniel , Chappuis Vivianne , Asparuhova Maria B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the osteoinductive properties of bone-conditioned medium (BCM) harvested from cortical bone chips within a clinically relevant short-term period can enhance the biologic characteristics of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in vitro.

Materials and methods
To assess the biofunctionalization of DBBM, the adhesive, proliferative, and differentiation properties of mesenchymal stromal ST2, pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1, and primary bone-derived cells grown on BCM-coated DBBM were examined by crystal violet staining of adherent cells, BrdU ELISA, and qRT-PCR, respectively.

Results
BCM extracted within 20 min or 24 h in either Ringer’s solution (BCM-RS) or RS mixed with autologous serum (BCM-RS + S) increased the adhesive properties of all three cell types seeded on DBBM. The 20-min BCM-RS preparation appeared more potent than the 24-h preparation. BCM-RS made within 20 min or 24 h had strong pro-proliferative effects on all cell types grown on DBBM. RS + S alone exhibited a considerable pro-proliferative effect, suggesting an impact of the serum on cellular growth. DBBM coated with BCM-RS or BCM-RS + S, made within 20 min or 24 h each, caused a significant induction of osteogenic differentiation marker expression with a higher potency of the BCM-RS + S. Finally, a strong additive effect of fresh bone chips combined with BCM-coated DBBM on the osteogenic differentiation of the three cell types was observed.

Conclusions
Altogether, the data strongly support the biofunctionalization of DBBM with BCM extracted within a clinically relevant time window of 20 min.

Clinical relevance
Pre-activation of non-osteoinductive biomaterials with BCM, prepared from autologous bone chips during a guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure, bears the potential of an optimal treatment modality for bone defects in daily practice.
Understanding economic openness: a review of existing measures
Authors: Gräbner Claudius , Heimberger Philipp , Kapeller Jakob , Springholz Florian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper surveys measures of economic openness, the latter being understood as the degree to which non-domestic actors can or do participate in a domestic economy. Based on the existing literature, the authors introduce a typology of openness indicators, which distinguishes between ‘real’ and ‘financial’ openness as well as ‘de-facto’ and ‘de-jure’ measures of openness. They use data collected on these indicators to analyze trends in openness over time and to conduct a correlation analysis across indicators. Finally, they illustrate the potential consequences of employing different openness measures in a growth regression framework.
Ice-on and ice-off dynamics of ciliates and metazooplankton in the Łuczański Canal (Poland)
Authors: Kalinowska Krystyna , Karpowicz Maciej 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ciliate–metazooplankton trophic coupling is well documented from both laboratory and field experiments. The knowledge about these relationships during winter ice-covered periods is very scarce. The abundance and composition of planktonic ciliates, rotifers and crustaceans were studied during the ice-covered and ice-free periods in the Łuczański Canal (Masurian Lakeland, Poland). We hypothesised that in winter, rotifers play a major role in the top-down control of ciliates and that ciliate–metazooplankton relationships differ not only between the ice-covered and ice-free periods, but also between ice-covered months. Our study showed that ciliates formed a significant part of zooplankton biomass during the winter ice-covered period when crustaceans occurred in very low abundances. Despite cold water temperature and the presence of ice cover, time was probably a cue that initiates zooplankton development. The ciliate, rotifer and crustacean numbers and biomass, as well as chlorophyll a concentrations, were lower in February than in ice-free periods. In the winter month with ice cover, bottom-up control by resources was more important than top-down control by zooplankton grazing in regulating ciliates. In the spring month with ice cover, crustaceans and rotifers may include ciliates as an important part of their diets. In April, the studied groups of organisms were not related to each other in contrast to the summer, when zooplankton communities were closely related to each other. In autumn, rotifers may play an important role in controlling ciliates. The abundance, composition and ciliate–metazoan relationships can vary considerably not only across seasons, but also across ice-covered months.
Unraveling the medical residency selection game
Authors: Gennissen Lokke M. , Stegers-Jager Karen M. , de Graaf Jacqueline , Fluit Cornelia R. M. G. , de Hoog Matthijs 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe diversity of modern society is often not represented in the medical workforce. This might be partly due to selection practices. We need to better understand decision-making processes by selection committees in order to improve selection procedures with regard to diversity. This paper reports on a qualitative study with a socio-constructivist perspective conducted in 2015 that explored how residency selection decision-making occurred within four specialties in two regions in the Netherlands. Data included transcripts of the decision-making meetings and of one-on-one interviews with committee members before and after the group decision-making meetings. Candidates struggled to portray themselves favorably as they had to balance playing by the rules and being authentic; between fitting in and standing out. Although admissions committees had a welcoming stance to diversity, their practices were unintentionally preventing them from hiring underrepresented minority (URM) candidates. While negotiating admissions is difficult for all candidates, it is presumably even more complicated for URM candidates. This seems to be having a negative influence on attaining workforce diversity. Current beliefs, which make committees mistakenly feel they are acting fairly, might actually justify biased practices. Awareness of the role of committee members in these processes is an essential first step.
What Sexual and Gender Minority People Want Researchers to Know About Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Questions: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Suen Leslie W. , Lunn Mitchell R. , Katuzny Katie , Finn Sacha , Duncan Laura , Sevelius Jae , Flentje Annesa , Capriotti Matthew R. , Lubensky Micah E. , Hunt Carolyn , Weber Shannon , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Obedin-Maliver Juno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSexual and gender minority (SGM) people—including members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer communities—are understudied and underrepresented in research. Current sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) questions do not sufficiently engage SGM people, and there is a critical gap in understanding how SOGI questions reduce inclusion and accurate empirical representation. We conducted a qualitative study to answer the question, “For SGM people, what are the major limitations with current SOGI questions?” Focus groups probed reactions to SOGI questions adapted from prior national surveys and clinical best practice guidelines. Questions were refined and presented in semi-structured cognitive interviews. Template analysis using a priori themes guided analysis. There were 74 participants: 55 in nine focus groups and 19 in cognitive interviews. Participants were diverse: 51.3% identified as gender minorities, 87.8% as sexual minorities, 8.1% as Hispanic/Latinx, 13.5% as Black or African-American, and 43.2% as Non-white. Two major themes emerged: (1) SOGI questions did not allow for identity fluidity and complexity, reducing inclusion and representation, and (2) SOGI question stems and answer choices were often not clear as to which SOGI dimension was being assessed. To our knowledge, this represents the largest body of qualitative data studying SGM perspectives when responding to SOGI questions. We present recommendations for future development and use of SOGI measures. Attention to these topics may improve meaningful participation of SGM people in research and implementation of such research within and for SGM communities.
Perceptual breakdown during a global pandemic: introducing phenomenological insights for digital mental health purposes
Authors: van Grunsven Janna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOnline therapy sessions and other forms of digital mental health services (DMH) have seen a sharp spike in new users since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Having little access to their social networks and support systems, people have had to turn to digital tools and spaces to cope with their experiences of anxiety and loss. With no clear end to the pandemic in sight, many of us are likely to remain reliant upon DMH for the foreseeable future. As such, it is important to articulate some of the specific ways in which the pandemic is affecting our self and world-relation, such that we can identify how DMH services are best able to accommodate some of the newly emerging needs of their users. In this paper I will identify a specific type of loss brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and present it as an important concept for DMH. I refer to this loss as loss of perceptual world-familiarity. Loss of perceptual world-familiarity entails a breakdown in the ongoing effortless responsiveness to our perceptual environment that characterizes much of our everyday lives. To cash this out I will turn to insights from the phenomenological tradition. Initially, my project is descriptive. I aim to bring out how loss of perceptual world-familiarity is a distinctive form of loss that is deeply pervasive yet easily overlooked—hence the relevance of explicating it for DMH purposes. But I will also venture into the space of the normative, offering some reasons for seeing perceptual world-familiarity as a component of well-being. I conclude the paper with a discussion of how loss of perceptual world-familiarity affects the therapeutic setting now that most if not all therapeutic interactions have transitioned to online spaces and I explore the potential to augment these spaces with social interaction technologies. Throughout, my discussion aims to do justice to the reality that perceptual world-familiarity is not an evenly distributed phenomenon, that factors like disability, gender and race affect its robustness, and that this ought to be reckoned with when seeking to incorporate the phenomenon into or mitigate it through DMH services.
The effect of storms on Finnish dairy farms: electrical outage statistics and the effect on milk production
Authors: Huitu Hanna , Kaustell Kim , Pastell Matti 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to technological advancement, agricultural production is increasingly dependent on electricity. At the same time, power delivery infrastructures are challenged by extreme weather events. Losses in primary food production due to electrical outages are still largely unquantified. This paper reports the effect of storm-induced power outages on milk production in Finland. The study used detailed, farm-level records of power cuts from 2010 to 2015 available from two power companies and contrasted them to the respective monthly milk production statistics collected at farm level. For each major storm event, deviation in the milk production compared to previous month was calculated for each farm. Effect of power outages onto milk production was estimated using linear mixed modeling. Power outages mainly occurred during and after storm events, and dairy farms experienced more outages than what was a national average for rural power customers. The power outages decreased the monthly milk yield of the most affected farms by 4.6% (farms experiencing outages longer than 72 h), and production recovered already for the month following the storm event. The results imply that milk production in Finland is prepared and resilient toward power outages shorter than 3 days and that the current magnitude of power outages in dairy farms is higher than what was known previously.
Comparison of nonlinear mappings for reduced-order modelling of vibrating structures: normal form theory and quadratic manifold method with modal derivatives
Authors: Vizzaccaro Alessandra , Salles Loïc , Touzé Cyril 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this contribution is to compare two methods proposed recently in order to build efficient reduced-order models for geometrically nonlinear structures. The first method relies on the normal form theory that allows one to obtain a nonlinear change of coordinates for expressing the reduced-order dynamics in an invariant-based span of the phase space. The second method is the modal derivative approach, and more specifically, the quadratic manifold defined in order to derive a second-order nonlinear change of coordinates. Both methods share a common point of view, willing to introduce a nonlinear mapping to better define a reduced-order model that could take more properly into account the nonlinear restoring forces. However, the calculation methods are different and the quadratic manifold approach has not the invariance property embedded in its definition. Modal derivatives and static modal derivatives are investigated, and their distinctive features in the treatment of the quadratic nonlinearity are underlined. Assuming a slow/fast decomposition allows understanding how the three methods tend to share equivalent properties. While they give proper estimations for flat symmetric structures having a specific shape of nonlinearities and a clear slow/fast decomposition between flexural and in-plane modes, the treatment of the quadratic nonlinearity makes the predictions different in the case of curved structures such as arches and shells. In the more general case, normal form approach appears preferable since it allows correct predictions of a number of important nonlinear features, including the hardening/softening behaviour, whatever the relationships between slave and master coordinates are.
Ultra-low frequency energy harvesting using bi-stability and rotary-translational motion in a magnet-tethered oscillator
Authors: Fu Hailing , Theodossiades Stephanos , Gunn Ben , Abdallah Imad , Chatzi Eleni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHarvesting ultra-low frequency random vibration, such as human motion or turbine tower oscillations, has always been a challenge, but could enable many potential self-powered sensing applications. In this paper, a methodology to effectively harness this type of energy is proposed using rotary-translational motion and bi-stability. A sphere rolling magnet is designed to oscillate in a tube with two tethering magnets underneath the rolling path, providing two stable positions for the oscillating magnet. The generated magnetic restoring forces are of periodic form with regard to the sphere magnet location, providing unique nonlinear dynamics and allowing the harvester to operate effectively at ultra-low frequencies (< 1 Hz). Two sets of coils are mounted above the rolling path, and the change of magnetic flux within the coils accomplishes the energy conversion. A theoretical model, including the magnetic forces, the electromagnetic conversion and the occurring bi-stability, is established to understand the electromechanical dynamics and guide the harvester design. End linear springs are designed to maintain the periodic double-well oscillation when the excitation magnitude is high. Parametric studies considering different design factors and operation conditions are conducted to analyze the nonlinear electromechanical dynamics. The harvester illustrates its capabilities in effectively harnessing ultra-low frequency motions over a wide range of low excitation magnitudes.