bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mixed Lithium‐Ion Conductive Li2S/Li2Se Protection Layer for Stable Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Liu Fanfan , Wang Lifeng , Zhang Zhiwen , Shi Pengcheng , Feng Yuezhan , Yao Yu , Ye Shufen , Wang Haiyun , Wu Xiaojun , Yu Yan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConstructing artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the surface of Li metal is an effective approach to improve ionic conductivity of surface SEI and buffer Li dendrite growth of Li metal anode. However, constructing of homogenous ideal artificial SEI is still a great challenge. Here, a mixed lithium‐ion conductive Li2S/Li2Se (denoted as LSSe) protection layer, fabricated by a facile and inexpensive gas–solid reaction, is employed to construct stable surface SEI with high ionic conductivity. The Li2S/Li2Se‐protected Li metal (denoted as LSSe@Li) exhibits a stable dendrite‐free cycling behavior over 900 h with a high lithium stripping/plating capacity of 3 mAh cm−2 at 1.5 mA cm−2 in the symmetrical cell. Compared to bare Li anode, full batteries paired with LiFePO4, sulfur/carbon, and LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathodes all present better battery cycling and rate performance when LSSe@Li anode is used. Moreover, Li2Se exhibits a lower lithium‐ion migration energy barrier in comparison with Li2S which is proved by density functional theory calculation.
“Looping In” Mechanics: Mechanobiologic Regulation of the Nucleus and the Epigenome
Authors: Dai Eric N. , Heo Su‐Jin , Mauck Robert L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCells respond to physical cues in their microenvironment. These cues result in changes in cell behavior, some of which are transient, and others of which are permanent. Understanding and leveraging permanent alteration of cell behavior induced by mechanical cues, or “mechanical memories,” is an important aim in cell and tissue engineering. Herein, this paper reviews the existing literature outlining how cells may store memories of biophysical cues with a specific focus on the nucleus, the storehouse of information in eukaryotic cells. In particular, this review details mechanically driven adaptations in nuclear structure and genome organization and outlines potential mechanisms by which mechanical memories may be encoded within the structure and organization of the nucleus and chromatin.
Somatosensory, Light‐Driven, Thin‐Film Robots Capable of Integrated Perception and Motility
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Qiao , Chan Kwok Hoe , Cheng Yin , Ding Tianpeng , Li Tongtao , Achavananthadith Sippanat , Ahmet Selman , Ho John S. , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiving organisms are capable of sensing and responding to their environment through reflex‐driven pathways. The grand challenge for mimicking such natural intelligence in miniature robots lies in achieving highly integrated body functionality, actuation, and sensing mechanisms. Here, somatosensory light‐driven robots (SLiRs) based on a smart thin‐film composite tightly integrating actuation and multisensing are presented. The SLiR subsumes pyro/piezoelectric responses and piezoresistive strain sensation under a photoactuator transducer, enabling simultaneous yet non‐interfering perception of its body temperature and actuation deformation states. The compact thin film, when combined with kirigami, facilitates rapid customization of low‐profile structures for morphable, mobile, and multiple robotic functionality. For example, an SLiR walker can move forward on different surfaces, while providing feedback on its detailed locomotive gaits and subtle terrain textures, and an SLiR anthropomorphic hand shows bodily senses arising from concerted mechanoreception, thermoreception, proprioception, and photoreception. Untethered operation with an SLiR centipede is also demonstrated, which can execute distinct, localized body functions from directional motility, multisensing, to wireless human and environment interactions. This SLiR, which is capable of integrated perception and motility, offers new opportunities for developing diverse intelligent behaviors in soft robots.
Ligand‐Modulated Excess PbI2 Nanosheets for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Wang Zaiwei , Yang Zhen , Xu Yuzeng , Ding Yi , Tan Liguo , Yi Chenyi , Zhang Zhuang , Meng Ke , Chen Gang , Zhao Ying , Luo Yongsong , Zhang Xiaodan , Hagfeldt Anders , Luo Jingshan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExcess lead iodide (PbI2), as a defect passivation material in perovskite films, contributes to the longer carrier lifetime and reduced halide vacancies for high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells. However, the random distribution of excess PbI2 also leads to accelerated degradation of the perovskite layer. Inspired by nanocrystal synthesis, here, a universal ligand‐modulation technology is developed to modulate the shape and distribution of excess PbI2 in perovskite films. By adding certain ligands, perovskite films with vertically distributed PbI2 nanosheets between the grain boundaries are successfully achieved, which reduces the nonradiative recombination and trap density of the perovskite layer. Thus, the power conversion efficiency of the modulated device increases from 20% to 22% compared to the control device. In addition, benefiting from the vertical distribution of excess PbI2 and the hydrophobic nature of the surface ligands, the modulated devices exhibit much longer stability, retaining 72% of their initial efficiency after 360 h constant illumination under maximum power point tracking measurement.
Control of Unipolar/Ambipolar Transport in Single‐Molecule Transistors through Interface Engineering
Authors: Xin Na , Kong Xianghua , Zhang Yu‐Peng , Jia Chuancheng , Liu Lei , Gong Yao , Zhang Weining , Wang Shuopei , Zhang Guangyu , Zhang Hao‐Li , Guo Hong , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo realize single‐molecule field‐effect transistors, a crucial test for evaluating the integrity of single‐molecule electronics into conventional circuit architectures, remains elusive. Though interfacial effect is widely accepted to be crucially important in electronic devices, rare reports have studied fine control of the interface in single‐molecule transistors. Through molecular engineering, different numbers of methylene groups are incorporated between the diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) kernel and anchor groups (AMn‐DPP, n = 0−3), and how the molecule–electrode interface affects the performance of single‐molecule transistors is investigated. Both experimental and theoretical data demonstrate that p‐type charge transport dominates in AM0‐DPP and AM1‐DPP single‐molecule transistors, while AM2‐DPP and AM3‐DPP systems exhibit ambipolar field‐effect behaviors, which is attributed to the HOMO‐pinning effect in AM0‐DPP and AM1‐DPP molecular junctions. Theoretical calculations show that the parity of the methylene number results in two different connection symmetries between the DPP kernel and graphene electrodes, and thus different electronic interactions, leading to different relative molecular energy‐level alignments form those of isolated molecules, which has never been reported before. These results provide crucial information for precise control of the interfaces in molecular junctions, new insight into building multifunctional graphene–organic hybrid electronic devices, and the design of functional organic materials.
Capacitive‐Type Two‐Axis Accelerometer with Liquid‐Type Proof Mass
Authors: Won Dong‐Joon , Huh Myoung , Lee Sangmin , Park Usung , Yoo Dongwoo , Kim Joonwon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUtilizing the advantages of a liquid metal (LM) (i.e., mercury) and its electro‐mechanical properties (i.e., high density, high surface tension, and high electrical conductivity), a novel capacitive‐type two‐axis accelerometer is proposed. The device employs a liquid‐type proof mass (i.e., liquid metal droplet) and is located in a cone‐shaped guiding channel. The Laplace pressure induced by the guiding channel and the LM droplet in the device acts as a spring due to the high surface tension of LM. To accurately set the spring constant of the device, a 2D mathematical model is established. Based on this mathematical model, the influence of the channel shape on device sensitivity is analyzed. Despite measuring the two‐axis accelerations using a single proof mass, the accelerometer yields a cross‐axis sensitivity of less than 1% for the x‐ and y‐axes. The accelerometer demonstrates an output similar to that of a reference accelerometer for a randomly applied acceleration. Owing to the nature of the liquid‐type proof mass, even if it is destroyed, its functionality is recovered by simply shaking the accelerometer. Finally, a 1.4% change in the accelerometer output is observed in the 15 000‐cycle test, and the device is applied to a maze escape game for verification.
Conduction Response in Highly Flexible Nonvolatile Memory Devices
Authors: Ren Shuxia , Li Zhenhua , Tang Lingzhi , Su Xiao , Zhang He , Zhang Guanglei , Zhang Han , Cao Guozhong , Zhao Jinjin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResistive random access memories (RRAMs) are promising candidates for future nonvolatile memories. Here, a flexible nonvolatile resistive switching (RS) device is constructed by spin coating an RS film of graphene oxide (GO) incorporating with TiO2 nanoparticles, denoted as TGO, on an indium‐doped tin oxide electrode. The TGO film is highly flexible and optically transparent (92–98%), and the device demonstrates excellent RS characteristics (centralized SET and RESET voltages and large RS ratio) at a low voltage of 0.5 V. The RS behavior is found to originate from the migration and distribution of oxygen anions in the TGO film under an electric field. The oxygen anions extracted from TiO2 nanoparticle provide good chemical linkage for the development of sp2 filaments in the GO film, promoting the RS behavior. The findings of this study may also be very useful for researchers working on controlling magnetism in RRAM devices.
Stretchable Polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsion Separators for High Performance Soft Batteries
Authors: Danninger Doris , Hartmann Florian , Paschinger Werner , Pruckner Roland , Schwödiauer Reinhard , Demchyshyn Stepan , Bismarck Alexander , Bauer Siegfried , Kaltenbrunner Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPowering soft embodiments of robots, machines and electronics is a key issue that impacts emerging human friendly forms of technologies. Batteries as energy source enable their untethered operation at high power density but must be rendered elastic to fully comply with (soft) robots and human beings. Current intrinsically stretchable batteries typically show decreased performance when deformed due to design limitations, mainly imposed by the separator material. High quality stretchable separators such as gel electrolytes represent a key component of soft batteries that affects power, internal resistance, and capacity independently of battery chemistry. Here, polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) are introduced as highly ionically conductive separators in stretchable (rechargeable) batteries. Highly porous (>80%) separators result in electrolyte to polyHIPE conductivity ratios of below 2, while maintaining stretchability of ≈50% strain. The high stretchability, tunable porosity, and fast ion transport enable stretchable batteries with internal resistance below 3 Ω and 16.8 mAh cm−2 capacity that power on‐skin processing and communication electronics. The battery/separator architecture is universally applicable to boost battery performance and represents a step towards autonomous operation of conformable electronic skins for healthcare, robotics, and consumers.
Genetic analysis in the clinical management of biliary tract cancer
Authors: Wakai Toshifumi , Nagahashi Masayuki , Shimada Yoshifumi , Prasoon Pankaj , Sakata Jun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiliary tract cancer (BTC) is clinically and pathologically heterogeneous and responds inadequately to treatment. A small section of patients develop resectable disease, although the relapse rates are high; the benefits of adjuvant capecitabine chemotherapy for BTC are now understood, and gemcitabine‐based combination chemotherapy is the first line of therapeutic strategy for BTC; however, alternative therapy for BTC is not known. Genomic profiling can provide detailed information regarding the carcinogenesis, identification, and therapy for BTC. Currently, confirmed restorative targets for BTC are lacking. In this review, we aimed to analyze the preclinical and clinical implications of a spectrum of genomic alterations associated with new potentially remedial targets. We focused on eight draggable genes for BTC, which were described as having evidence of therapeutic impact (evidence level 2A‐3B) based on the clinical practice guidance for next‐generation sequencing in cancer diagnosis and treatment; these include ERBB2, NTRK1, RNF43, CDK6, CDKN2B, FGFR2, IDH1, and IDH2. Moreover, some of the BTC present microsatellite instability, hypermutation, and germline variants, which we also reviewed. Finally, we discussed the therapeutic options based on the next‐generation sequencing findings in BTC. Studies have demonstrated that BTC includes subgroups with individually distinct driver mutations, most of which will be targeted with new treatment plans.
Faster Cortical Thinning and Surface Area Loss in Presymptomatic and Symptomatic C9orf72 Repeat Expansion Adult Carriers
Authors: Le Blanc Gabriella , Jetté Pomerleau Vincent , McCarthy Jillian , Borroni Barbara , van Swieten John , Galimberti Daniela , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , LaForce Robert , Moreno Fermin , Synofzik Matthis , Graff Caroline , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Maria C. , Rowe James B. , Vandenberghe Rik , Finger Elizabeth , Tagliavini Fabrizio , de Mendonça Alexandre , Santana Isabel , Butler Chris , Gerhard Alex , Danek Adrian , Levin Johannes , Otto Markus , Frisoni Giovanni , Sorbi Sandro , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Ducharme Simon ,   the Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative (GENFI)
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveC9orf72 expansion is the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We examined aging trajectories of cortical thickness (CTh) and surface area in C9orf72 expansion adult carriers compared to healthy controls to characterize preclinical cerebral changes leading to symptoms.MethodsData were obtained from the Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative. T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were processed with CIVET 2.1 to extract vertex‐wide CTh and cortical surface area (CSA). Symptomatic and presymptomatic subjects were compared to age‐matched controls using mixed‐effects models, controlling for demographic variables. Aging trajectories were compared between carriers and noncarriers by testing the “age by genetic status” interaction. False discovery rate corrections were applied to all vertex‐wide analyses.ResultsThe sample included 640 scans from 386 subjects, including 54 symptomatic C9orf72 carriers (72.2% behavioral variant FTD), 83 asymptomatic carriers, and 249 controls (age range = 18–86 years). Symptomatic carriers showed fairly symmetric reduction in CTh/CSA in most of the frontal lobes, in addition to large temporoparietal areas. Presymptomatic subjects had reduced CTh/CSA in more restricted areas of the medial frontoparietal lobes, in addition to scattered lateral frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. These differences were explained by faster cortical thinning linearly throughout adulthood in a similar anatomical distribution, with differences emerging in the early 30s. CSA reduction was also faster in mutation carriers predominantly in the ventrofrontal regions.InterpretationC9orf72 mutation carriers have faster cortical thinning and surface loss throughout adulthood in regions that show atrophy in symptomatic subjects. This suggests that the pathogenic effects of the mutation lead to structural cerebral changes decades prior to symptoms. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:113–122
Na2SiO3‐Catalyzed Glycerolysis of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) Oil into Di‐ and Monoacylglycerols
Authors: Luo Jia , Wang Zeping , Deng Shangzhi , Zhang Fan , Bao Guirong , Mao Junni , Yang Wenjing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDirect glycerolysis of novel edible Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) seed oil (PvLO) into diacylglycerols (DAG) and monoacylglycerols (MAG) was studied over solid Na2SiO3 with or without microwave assistance. The glycerolysis yield was calculated by qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FT‐IR spectra. The yields of ~33% 1, 3‐DAG, ~16% 1, 2‐DAG, ~40% 1‐MAG, and ~2.3% 2‐MAG were achieved after 16 hours at 120 °C in three consecutive cycles using acetone, with an interesterification rate of 92%. The modified oil showed enhanced gelation ability at low temperatures. The yield of 1, 2‐DAG can be increased by adding acetone as solvent. The fatty acid compositions and unsaturated structure of lipids were less destroyed after alkaline glycerolysis. However, more α‐linolenic and linoleic acids were transferred to the sn‐2 position of glyceryl skeleton. The oxidative stability of the modified oil was still controllable. In summary, this work provides a feasible method to convert polyunsaturated plant oils into oils rich in DAG and MAG with less destructive impact on the olefinic structure of oil. Also, it provides a useful example of how to quickly evaluate the influence of chemical modification on the chemical structure of plant oils by using various spectral technologies.
Fabrication of chitosan particles through a coaxial nozzle under pressurized carbon dioxide
Authors: Diono Wahyu , Susilo Anthony , Machmudah Siti , Kanda Hideki , Goto Motonobu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe generation of chitosan particles through supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) antisolvent process was studied. The experiments were carried out at temperatures of 60–100°C and pressures of 15–25 MPa with a 15 ml min−1 CO2 flow rate. As a feed solution, chitosan powder was dissolved in acetic acid:water:ethanol. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations described that the precipitated chitosan products have irregular morphologies with the spherical, the spherical with fiber‐like, and the fiber‐like free‐spherical particles. Interestingly, hollow‐core chitosan particles generated when SCCO2 antisolvent treatments were performed at a temperature of 60°C and pressures of 20–25 MPa. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra indicated that the structural properties of chitosan did not shift after the SCCO2 antisolvent treatment. The results exhibited that this SCCO2 antisolvent technique is likely to be fruitful for the generation of biopolymer particles with hollow‐core structures.
Fast and affordable recycling approach to electronic waste above the melting point using induction heat combined with centrifugal forces
Authors: Mandadi Gopi K. , Asmatulu Ramazan , Khan Waseem S. , Asmatulu Eylem 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncreasing electronic waste (e‐waste) volume from the electronic industry and households has been creating primary health and environmental considerations because some of the e‐waste materials contain toxic substances. This study mainly focuses on the recovery of metals from e‐waste based on the melting temperatures of recyclable metals and centrifugal forces, thereby reducing the environmental pollution and recovering valuable metals for future use in the same or different industries. A perforated basket was designed and manufactured from stainless steel for feeding the chopped e‐waste. An induction furnace attached to a perforated basket was used to melt solder, aluminum, and other metals of the e‐waste. Around 95% of all metals was recovered from the e‐waste at different rotations (400–700 rpm) and temperatures (100–1,200°C) in less than a minute. The economic analysis indicated that this process was highly profitable and affordable for the future investment in the field. This study will also open new possibilities of extracting other metals from e‐waste by induction heats and centrifugal forces in affordable and fast manners for sustainable use of the electronic materials in the same or different industries.
Experimental investigation of additives enhanced vacuum flash evaporation for binary ice generation
Authors: Zheng Qinyue , Zhang Xuelai , Ji Jun , Zhou Xinchen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, an experimental investigation was conducted into the characteristics of different varieties of additives (including CaCl2, ethanol, and TiO2 nanoparticles) in the vacuum ice‐making system under adsorption condition. The concentration of CaCl2, ethanol, and TiO2 nanoparticles were treated as experimental variables, while the supercooling degree, ice packing factor (IPF), flashing rate, thermal conductivity, and latent heat were taken as evaluation parameters. According to the experimental results, 0.20 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles and 1 wt% CaCl2 are applicable as additive, the former is superior to the latter, and ethanol is not suitable for use as additive. Under the optimal conditions, compared with distilled water, the supercooling degree, IPF, and thermal conductivity of TiO2 nanofluids are improved by 77.92%, 40.61%, and 57.23%, respectively; for CaCl2 solution, the supercooling degree and IPF are improved by 9.96% and 84.67%, respectively. Furthermore, though the flashing rate increases with the addition of additives, the flashing driving force remains sufficient. The latent heat of nanofluids is barely affected by the addition of nanoparticles. As the CaCl2 concentration is on the rise, both the thermal conductivity and the latent heat of CaCl2 solution show a decreasing trend.
Metabolomics approach based on utra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with chemometrics methods for high‐throughput analysis of metabolite biomarkers to explore the abnormal metabolic pathways associated with myocardial dysfunction
Authors: Zhao Ling‐Kun , Zhao Yun‐Bo , Yu Peng‐Cheng , Zhang Peng‐Xia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUltra‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics can been used for discovery of metabolite biomarkers to explore the metabolic pathway of diseases. Identification of metabolic pathways is key to understanding the pathogenesis and mechanism of disease. Myocardial dysfunction induced by sepsis (SMD) is a severe complication of septic shock and represents major causes of death in intensive care units; however its pathological mechanism is still not clear. In this study, ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics with chemometrics anaylsis and multivariate pattern recognition analysis were used to detect urinary metabolic profile changes in a lipopolysaccharide‐induced SMD mouse model. Multivariate statistical analysis including principal component analysis and orthogonapartial least squares discriminant analysis for the discrimination of SMD was conducted to identify potential biomarkers. A total of 19 differential metabolites were discovered by high‐resolution mass spectrometry‐based urinary metabolomics strategy. The altered biochemical pathways based on these metabolites showed that tyrosine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, ubiquinone biosynthesis and vitamin B6 metabolism were closely connected to the pathological processes of SMD. Consequently, integrated chemometric analyses of these metabolic pathways are necessary to extract information for the discovery of novel insights into the pathogenesis of disease.