bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene Acoustic Phonon‐Mediated Pseudo‐Landau Levels Tailoring Probed by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy
Authors: Chi Cheng , Shi Bowen , Liu Cong , Kang Yimin , Lin Li , Jiang Meiling , Lu Jing , Shen Bo , Lin Feng , Peng Hailin , Fang Zheyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGraphene has attracted great interests in various areas including optoelectronics, spintronics, and nanomechanics due to its unique electronic structure, a linear dispersion with a zero bandgap around the Dirac point. Shifts of Dirac cones in graphene creates pseudo‐magnetic field, which generates an energy gap and brings a zero‐magnetic‐field analogue of the quantum Hall effect. Recent studies have demonstrated that graphene pseudo‐magnetic effects can be generated by vacancy defects, atom adsorption, zigzag or armchair edges, and external strain. Here, a larger than 100 T pseudo‐magnetic field is reported that generated on the step area of graphene; and with the ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy, the observed Landau levels can be effectively tailored by graphene phonons. The zero pseudo‐Landau level is suppressed due to the phonon‐mediated inelastic tunneling, and this is observed by the scanning tunneling spectroscopy spectrum and confirmed by the Vienna ab initio simulation package calculation, where graphene phonons modulate the flow of tunneling electrons and further mediate pseudo‐Landau levels. These observations demonstrate a viable approach for the control of pseudo‐Landau levels, which tailors the electronic structure of graphene, and further ignites applications in graphene valley electronics.
Condensed tannins as a deterrent to crop depredation by white‐tailed deer: Effects of concentration and learning
Authors: Monteith Kyle B. , Monteith Kevin L. , Jenks Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAgricultural producers lose millions of dollars annually to depredation caused by ungulates. Although multiple repellents exist, most are ineffective. Tannins are a plant‐defensive compound that have an astringent taste, reduce digestibility, reduce protein availability, and toxic to rumen microbes, resulting in the reduction of feeding by large herbivores. We hypothesized that chemical application of tannins to forages would provide a nonlethal method to reduce crop depredation in areas susceptible to ungulate damage. We designed an experiment to test the effectiveness of tannins at deterring feeding by captive white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on soybeans and other forages in 2010–2011 at the Wildlife Research Facility at South Dakota State University in Brookings, South Dakota, USA. First, using a cafeteria trial, we monitored weekly intake rates of captive deer (n = 10) offered a selected feed treated with varying concentrations of quebracho tannins (control, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 20%). Second, we manipulated food plots (n = 3) by treating 3 separate blocks with different concentrations (0% [control], 10%, and 20%) of tannins. We monitored feeding selection relative to tannin treatments within food plots 3 times/week, during summer (May–Jul) and autumn (Aug–Sep) using scan‐sampling. During cafeteria trials, intake rate of control feed was ≥3 times greater than all other feed treated with tannins. Similarly, in manipulated food plots, application of 10% and 20% tannins resulted in a 72% and 89% reduction in probability of feeding during the summer; this pattern of selection was intensified when trials occurred in consecutive days with the same deer. Strategic application of tannins to agricultural crops in areas prone to damage may provide a natural deterrent to crop depredation by ungulates. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Minimally Invasive Pilonidal Excision: Preliminary Report
Authors: Guerra Francesco , Cirullo Eleonora , Di Castro Angelo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to report on the application of a minimally invasive technique to the radical extirpation of primary and recurrent pilonidal disease. This technique does not require specific equipments, is ordinarily performed under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis, and provides optimal cosmetic results.MethodsA total of 187 patients including 68% of patients with previous pilonidal surgery and 12% cases of extensive disease underwent surgery as day case. The series was thus reviewed in terms of perioperative data, time off daily activities, time to complete wound healing, and recurrence.ResultsOverall, the incidence of postoperative complications was 9%, with 2% being the relative rate of >grade I complications. The median time off school/work was of 2 days, while the median time to complete wound healing was 35 days. At a median follow‐up of 16 months, the overall rate of disease recurrence was 5, 6%.ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrates that minimally invasive pilonidal excision is an effective option for pilonidal disease, also in the case of recalcitrant or extensive disease.
Early Fistulography Can Predict Whether Biochemical Leakage Develops to Clinically Relevant Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula
Authors: Takeda Yoshinori , Saiura Akio , Inoue Yosuke , Mise Yoshihiro , Ishizawa Takeaki , Takahashi Yu , Ito Hiromichi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAs complete prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatic surgery remains difficult, many risk factors for clinically relevant POPF (CR‐POPF) have been reported. However, their clinical impact could be limited because all previous reports included patients without biochemical leakage (BL) that rarely developed to CR‐POPF. Therefore, a new strategy for identifying high‐risk patients who develop delayed complications from patients with confirmed BL and for implementing interventions for such patients in the early postoperative period is required. This study aimed to examine the role of fistulography in predicting CR‐POPF from confirmed BL.MethodsConsecutive patients diagnosed with BL on postoperative day 3 after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or distal pancreatectomy (DP) from January 2013 to June 2015 in our institution were included. Fistulography was performed 1 week after the operation, and the associations between findings on fistulography and delayed complications associated with POPF were evaluated.ResultsEighty‐four (37%) of 227 patients who underwent PD and 45 (48%) of 94 patients who underwent DP were included and divided to two groups according to fistulographic findings (simple type, n = 107, 83%; cavity type, n = 22, 17%). The latter finding was associated with a greater morbidity rate (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ 2: 36% vs 59%, p = 0.018) and a worse final POPF grade (B/C 64% vs 95%, p = 0.003). In the multivariate analysis, cavity type on fistulography was a significant predictive factor for grade B/C POPF.ConclusionsFistulography is a useful examination for identifying patients with a high risk of developing delayed complications associated with POPF.
Temporal and spatial variations in freeze warnings in the conterminous United States: 2005–2018
Authors: Lawhorn Brandon , Balling Robert C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is well-documented that the United States (US), along with other mid-latitude land locations, has experienced warming in recent decades in response to changes in atmospheric composition. Among other changes, Easterling (2002) reported that the frost-free period is now longer across much of the US with the first frost in fall occurring later and the last freeze in spring occurring earlier. In this investigation, we explore spatial and temporal variations in all freeze warnings issued by the US National Weather Service. Freeze warning counts are highest in the southeastern US peaking overall in the spring and fall months. Freeze warnings tend to occur more toward summer moving northward and westward into more northerly states. Consistent with the warming in recent decades, we find statistically significant northward movements in freeze warning centroids in some months (December, February) across the study period (2005–2018). Detection of spatial and temporal trends in freeze warnings may be of interest to any number of scientists with applied climatological interests.
Examining the relationship between finance, institutions and economic growth: evidence from the ASEAN economies
Authors: Haini Hazwan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the role of financial and institutional development on economic growth in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) economies from 1995 to 2017 using a dynamic panel estimator. Financial development is instrumental in promoting economic growth; however, the effect of financial institutions and financial markets can differ. In recent years, the ASEAN economies have launched financial and institutional integration initiatives towards the goal of an integrated ASEAN Economic Community, which can have a profound impact on economic growth. The estimated results show that financial institutions are positive and significant towards economic growth, while financial markets are insignificant. Equally important, institutional quality plays a significant and positive role in economic growth. More interestingly, the study finds that institutional development is complementary to financial institutions and markets. Member states should emphasise on further financial integration across the ASEAN economies, allowing for the development of financial institutions and markets alongside improvements in institutional quality to increase the effectiveness of financial development.
To discriminate or not to discriminate? Personalised pricing in online markets as exploitative abuse of dominance
Authors: Botta Marco , Wiedemann Klaus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe advent of big data analytics has favoured the emergence of forms of price discrimination based on consumers’ profiles and their online behaviour (i.e. personalised pricing). The paper analyses this practice as a possible exploitative abuse by dominant online platforms. The paper argues that, in view of its “mixed” effect on consumers’ welfare, personalised pricing requires a case-by-case assessment under EU competition law and thus it should not be banned a priori. However, in view of the recent case law of the European Court of Justice on price discrimination, the National Competition Authorities (NCAs) and the European Commission would face a high burden of proof to sanction this conduct under Art. 102(c) TFEU. Finally, the paper argues that, due to its case-by-case approach, competition law seems more suitable thanomnibusregulation to tackle the negative effects that personalised pricing could have on consumers’ welfare. In particular, an NCA/the European Commission could negotiate with online platforms different kinds of behavioural commitments: transparency requirements, limits on data collection/user profiling, rights to opt out of personalised pricing and the obligation to share customers’ data with competitors could significantly tame the risks of personalised pricing.
Survivorship of a Medialized Glenoid and Lateralized Onlay Humerus Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty is High at Midterm Follow-up
Authors: Rauck Ryan C. , Eck Eric P. , Chang Brenda , Craig Edward V. , Dines Joshua S. , Dines David M. , Warren Russell F. , Gulotta Lawrence V. 
Published: December 2019

Background Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a common treatment of a variety of disabling shoulder conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine revision-free survivorship after RSA using a medialized glenoid and lateralized onlay-type humerus implant and to identify etiologies of revision. Methods All RSAs performed using the Comprehensive® Reverse Shoulder System (Zimmer Biomet, Inc.; Warsaw, IN, USA) at one institution from 2008 to 2014 were identified through a retrospective review. Charts were reviewed to determine whether the RSA was a primary or revision surgery. Patients were contacted by telephone, and survivorship was defined as no subsequent surgery after RSA. Of the 526 RSAs performed, responses were obtained from 403 patients (77%). A Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to determine survivorship over time. A χ2 test was used to determine differences between revision rates after RSA. Results Minimum follow-up was 3 years, and average follow-up was 4.83 ± 1.60 years. Survivorship was 96% at 2 years and 93% at 5 years after RSA. Revisions were performed for instability ( n = 8), humeral tray-taper junction failure ( n = 5), acute fracture ( n = 4), infection ( n = 3), glenoid loosening ( n = 3), osteolysis ( n = 1), or notching ( n = 1). Fourteen of the 151 patients (9.2%) who had surgery prior to RSA required revision after RSA. Having shoulder surgery prior to RSA was associated with higher rates of subsequent revision after RSA. Conclusion Overall, survivorship after RSA using a medialized glenoid and lateralized onlay-type humerus RSA is high, and prostheses implanted in native shoulders have lower rates of revision at midterm follow-up. Instability (1.9%) was the most common reason for revision.
Strategies to Achieve Spinal Fusion in Multilevel Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: An Overview
Authors: McCarthy Michael H. , Weiner Joseph A. , Patel Alpesh A. 
Published: December 2019

Background Anterior cervical fusion offers surgeons a safe and reliable surgical option for single-level and multilevel pathology; however, multilevel fusions pose a higher risk of complications than single-level fusions, including possible pseudoarthrosis, adjacent segment disease, sagittal imbalance, and construct subsidence. Various techniques can be used to mitigate risk in multilevel anterior cervical fusion. Questions/Purposes We reviewed the literature to determine the best surgical strategies in multilevel anterior cervical fusion. Methods We searched the PubMed database for articles published from January 1980 through July 2019. Two authors identified relevant articles and then manually screened them for others to include in this review. Results We initially identified 1936 articles and included 48 in our review. We found that clinical outcomes of multilevel anterior cervical fusion can be optimized through the use of biologics and graft selection, the evaluation of pre-existing deformity, the assessment of comorbidities, and the selection of fusion levels. Meticulous surgical technique in conjunction with modern surgical tools, such as instrumentation and biologics, allow surgeons to address complex cervical problems while limiting morbidity and enhancing clinical outcomes. Conclusions Multilevel anterior cervical fusions offer a relatively safe and reliable treatment option for both single-level and multilevel pathology.
Examining the Effectiveness of Restorative Justice in Reducing Victims’ Post-Traumatic Stress
Authors: Lloyd Alex , Borrill Jo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCrime victimisation is a significant life event that can lead to the development of post-traumatic symptomology. Compared with the general population, victims of crime are significantly more likely to present with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Restorative justice is an approach to criminal justice that considers the goal of the justice system to restore victims to their state pre-victimisation. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of restorative justice in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress that develop following victimisation. Relevant databases were searched to identify quantitative studies measuring post-traumatic symptoms in victims of crime who successfully completed either a restorative justice or customary justice intervention. A total of seven studies were identified examining one or more facet of post-traumatic symptomology. These studies provide modest support that restorative justice did produce a greater improvement on post-traumatic symptoms than customary justice procedures. However, this was only consistently evidenced for symptoms of avoidance and intrusion, whereas there were mixed findings with regard to the subscales of negative alterations in mood and cognition, and arousal and reactivity. Reasons for these inconsistencies are discussed and recommendation made for further empirical work on this subject.
A DISTRIBUTION ON TRIPLES WITH MAXIMUM ENTROPY MARGINAL
Authors: NORIN SERGEY 
Published: December 2019

We construct an

$S_{3}$

-symmetric probability distribution on

$\{(a,b,c)\in \mathbb{Z}_{{\geqslant}0}^{3}\,:\,a+b+c=n\}$

such that its marginal achieves the maximum entropy among all probability distributions on

$\{0,1,\ldots ,n\}$

with mean

$n/3$

. Existence of such a distribution verifies a conjecture of Kleinberg et al. [‘The growth rate of tri-colored sum-free sets’, Discrete Anal. (2018), Paper No. 12, arXiv:1607.00047v1], which is motivated by the study of sum-free sets.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors associated with acquisition of waterborne healthcare-associated infection or colonization in high-risk units
Authors: Parra Lina M. , Cantero Mireia , Sierra Juliana , Asensio Ángel , García Fernando J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this meta-analysis, central venous catheter exposure (pooled odds ratio, 8.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19–29.31; P < .01) in neonates and length of stay (standardized mean difference, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.26–1.05; P = .01) in an adult population were associated with acquisition of waterborne healthcare-associated infections or colonization in ICUs. The quality of evidence was low.
Navigating and understanding organisational complexity in health services: The value of POSH-VRE
Authors: Dadich Ann , Collier Aileen , Hodgins Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis methodological article introduces positive organisational scholarship in healthcare and video reflexive ethnography (POSH-VRE) as a methodology to cut through the challenges of accessing and engaging organisations for research. We demonstrate how POSH-VRE can open space to navigate and better understand organisational complexity and build capacity. Organisational complexity denotes the interrelated components of a system. POSH-VRE can be helpful within complex organisations, such as health services, because it focuses on positive healthcare practices and experiences. We exemplify this with reference to a study on brilliant community-based palliative care. Using fieldnotes and video-recordings, we reveal the value of positive recognition – or celebration; video-cameras; and courtesy, whereby we adapted to different contexts. POSH-VRE can be of scholarly, methodological, and organisational value. It enables researchers to navigate organisational complexity and co-construct findings with nonacademic experts. Furthermore, it can encourage nonacademic experts to improve practice by learning from their own capacities to navigate organisational complexity.
Vector dynamics predicts transmission dynamics: a simple, realistic and sensible approach for measuring malaria endemicity
Authors: Pradhan Nitika , Tarai Rojalini , Hazra Rupenangshu K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEntomological indicators such as vector density, distribution, biology and bionomics and their vectorial attributes are important parameters for measuring the pattern and intensity of malaria transmission. Although published articles provide evidence for the existence of associations between entomological indices and malaria transmission dynamics, none of them is able to establish a strong correlation. In order to address this issue, the present study aims to assess how malaria transmission is influenced and can be predicted by local major vector dynamics. We carried out an entomological assessment of majorAnophelinevector abundance, habit/habitat, resting and feeding behavior, infectivity rates, and other entomological parameters. Results suggest that malaria transmission was correlated with a vector control intervention and non-intervention scenario in a high endemic region of Kalahandi district of Odisha, India. Amongst all indices, infective anthropophagic vectors established a strong positive correlation with malaria morbidity in comparison to infective or anthropophagic vector species during both the study periods. Though other entomological parameters influenced the transmission intensity, little quantifiable association was detected among study sites. This study provides strong baseline evidence of an association between entomological indices and malaria transmission dynamics, which could be used as an early warning system for outbreak prediction.
Silicon is an inducible and effective herbivore defence againstHelicoverpa punctigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean
Authors: Johnson Scott N. , Rowe Rhiannon C. , Hall Casey R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe role of silicon (Si) in alleviating the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses, including defence against insect herbivores, in plants is widely reported. Si defence against insect herbivores is overwhelmingly studied in grasses (especially the cereals), many of which are hyper-accumulators of Si. Despite being neglected, legumes such as soybean (Glycine max) have the capacity to control Si accumulation and benefit from increased Si supply. We tested how Si supplementation via potassium, sodium or calcium silicate affected a soybean pest, the native budwormHelicoverpa punctigeraWallengren (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Herbivory reduced leaf biomass similarly in Si-supplemented (+Si) and non-supplemented (–Si) plants (c. 29 and 23%, respectively) relative to herbivore-free plants. Both Si supplementation and herbivory increased leaf Si concentrations. In relative terms, herbivores induced Si uptake by c. 19% in both +Si and –Si plants. All Si treatments reducedH. punctigerarelative growth rates (RGR) to a similar extent for potassium (−41%), sodium (−49%) and calcium (−48%) silicate. Moreover, there was a strong negative correlation between Si accumulation in leaves and herbivore RGR. To our knowledge, this is only the second report of Si-based herbivore defence in soybean; the rapid increase in leaf Si following herbivory being indicative of an induced defence. Taken together with the other benefits of Si supplementation of legumes, Si could prove an effective herbivore defence in legumes as well as grasses.
Does feeding on pollen grains affect the performance ofAmblyseius swirskii(Acari: Phytoseiidae) during subsequent generations?
Authors: Nemati Alireza , Riahi Elham 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDiet is a critical component of the mass-rearing of biological control agents, but the impacts of diet are not always immediately obvious and can take several generations to manifest, resulting in poor survival, reproduction, and ability to kill prey under natural conditions. Our present study aimed to investigate the performance of a commercially-reared phytoseiid mite,Amblyseius swirskii, after four (G4) and six (G6) consecutive generations on pollen grains of two plant species, as well as its ability to find and kill its natural prey,Tetranychus urticae, after long-term rearing on each diet. We found no significant difference between the two diets in intrinsic and finite rates in G4. However, both diet and generation exerted a significant influence on the fecundity ofA. swirskii. By G6, females reared on almond pollen had greater net reproductive and intrinsic rate compared to those reared on maize pollen. Conversely,A. swirskiifed on maize pollen consumed fewer prey than those reared on other diets, especially at higher prey densities. The findings have important implications for developing the mass-rearing program ofA. swirskiion non-prey diets. Further research must explore the suitability of almond pollen in the large-scale culture ofA. swirskii.