bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Gymnema Sylvestre
Authors: Srividya A.R. , Varma Sameer Kumar , Dhanapal S.P , Vadivelan R. , Vijayan P. 
Published: August 2020

Leaves of Gymnema sylvestre were extracted by hot and cold maceration. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant extract showed the presence of majority of compounds like alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, terpienoids, glycosides, proteins, amino acids, phenolic compounds and tannins.. Among the two extracts, the hydro- alcoholic extract prepared by the hot maceration has shown high phenol content 6.51 ± 0.231 mg/g, high total favonolid content 89.51 ± 0.100 mg/g. By DPPH method, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power ability of the hydro-alcoholic extract prepared by hot maceration process was evaluated. The freshly prepared rat hepatocytes were treated with different concentration of hydro-alcoholic extract prepared by the hot maceration process. The antihepatotoxicity produced by the extract at the concentration of 200, 400,600 µg/ml was found effective against the D – galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity, where as at the concentration of 800 µg/ml was found to be cytotoxic. A significant increase in the levels of ASAT, ALAT,ALP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin ( P< 0.001) were observed. The cells were treated with the hydro-alcoholic extract different extracts of Gymnema sylvestre showed a significant restoration of the altered biochemical parameters towards the normal (P<0.001) when compared to D- galactosamine treated groups and were found to be dose dependent. A similar result was obtained when D- galactosamine intoxicated hepatocytes were treated with silymarin.
An Insight into Herb - Drug Interactions
Authors: Rodda Harish Chandra , Molmoori Raj Kumar , Samala Sujatha , Banala Nagaraj , Ciddi Veeresham 
Published: August 2020

Alternative medicine is becoming popular worldwide and this is clearly evident from the rapidly escalating sales figures. The time tested and clinically proven herbal medicines like St. John’s wort, Ginkgo biloba, Garlic, Ephedra, Echinacea etc., make up most of the world’s market as for as alternative medicine is concerned. In spite of its increasing popularity, global criticism regarding the safety of herbal medicines is gaining importance. The surfacing of the adverse effects/adverse events due to concomitant use of herbs and prescription medicines undermine the safety of herbal medicines. The safety of herbal medicines still remains a daunting task. The herbs like St. John’s wort, Ginkgo biloba, Garlic, Ephedra, Echinacea etc., have been reported to interact pharmacokinetically and pharmacodynamically with several prescription medicines. The available literature also bolsters that concomitant use of herbs and drugs can lead to several adverse effects/adverse events. This article presents most of the significant herb – drug interactions reported till date along with a note on the predicted interactions which may/may not occur. There are certain herb – drug combinations which can produce therapeutic benefit and these beneficial herb – drug combinations are also detailed in this article. This review gives an insight into herb – drug interactions, stressing the need to carryout studies on herb – drug interactions at a faster pace, which can strengthen the concept of herbal medicine
“Head” Related Phrases In Chinese Language And Their Semantics
Authors: Akimov Tair 
Published: August 2020

Everyone knows that phraseological units are the most popular genre of oral folk art, which was formed as a result of life observations of the ancestors. Learning and analyzing Chinese phraseology allow us to better understand the inner world of the Chinese nation. This article reveals and semantically analyzes aspects of the word “head” that are closely related to Chinese culture. The worldview, deep logical thoughts, feelings, superstitions, lifestyle and environment of the Chinese people are described in phraseological expressions in a concise and clear form.
This article discusses the semantics and features of Chinese-language phraseological phrases associated with the word “head”. Chinese-language phrases associated with “head” express meanings such as wisdom and ignorance, process of thinking, cunning,sagacity, and planning. Phraseological units in Chinese linguistics are closely related to practical life and determine such features as philosophical and ideological thinking, logical observation. Taking into account the above, the article provides a comparative analysis of phraseological units related to “head” in Chinese and Uzbek languages. The figurative meanings of the word “head” are being revealed, semantic connections and semantic structure of phrases in the sentence are in the process of learning. Chinese phraseological expressions are poorly studied in Uzbek-Chinese studies. We hope that this work will provide practical assistance to our young people who are learning Chinese.
Semantic And Structural Properties Of The Banking And Financial Terminology Of The Uzbek Language
Authors: Shirinova Ekaterina Turakulovna 
Published: August 2020

This article discusses information on the study of terminology in Uzbek and world linguistics. Thematic grouping of banking and financial terms, which play an important role in Uzbek language vocabulary, is considered. The author gives the criteria for the distribution of terms into thematic groups, their peculiar properties examples to substantiate the hypothesis. The paradigmatic relations between the terms of this sphere are indicated. A structural analysis of the banking and financial terms of the Uzbek language is carried out. On the basis of the anthropocentric approach, the role of the human factor in the banking and financial terminology of the Uzbek language is studied. Cognitive metaphors that exist in the terminology are considered.
Pengaruh Laba Bersih, Arus Kas Bebas, Dan Arus Kas Operasi Terhadap Dividen Tunai Pada 12 Perusahan Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Periode 2012-2018)
Authors: Djalil Ardinal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract : Cash Dividends are the most common type distributed by companies to shareholders. Because cash dividends help reduce the risk of uncertainty in shareholder investment activities. And for companies dividend payments can be used to strengthen the company's position in finding additional funds in the capital market. In determining the amount of dividends to be distributed by management is often faced with a difficult decision. This difficulty is caused by management having to consider paying dividends that are smaller, larger, permanent or stable, because any decision on dividend payments will result in investors acting on the company's shares.
This study aims to analyze the effect of net income, free cash flow and operating cash flow on cash dividends. Data was obtained from companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in the period 2010-2016. This research uses descriptive verification research method. The independent variables in this study are Net Income (X1), Free Cash Flow (X2), and Operating Cash Flow (X3) and the dependent variable in this study is Cash Dividend (Y).
The results of the study and discussion show that in partial testing (t-test), obtained from the tcount for Net Profit of 2.727 and tcount for Free Cash Flow of 2.086 is greater than the table of 1.989. For Operating Cash Flow variable has no influence on Cash Dividends. The assessment can be seen from the tcount for Operating Cash Flow of -1.201 smaller than t table 1.989.
Whereas in simultaneous testing (F test), Net Profit (X1), Free Cash Flow (X2) and Operating Cash Flow (X3) simultaneously affect Cash Dividends. The coefficient of determination obtained by 16%, while the remaining 84% is influenced by other factors ignored by the writer in this study.
Konsep tata ruang permukiman Baluwarti Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta
Authors: Hartanto Tri , Yuuwono Abito Bamban 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian terkait permukiman sudah banyak dilakukan oleh para ahli baik di dalam negeri maupun di luar negeri. Permukiman sebagai obyek penelitian telah lama dilakukan karena terkait dengan sosial budaya yang berkembang di masyarakat. Penelitian ini memilih lokus permukiman Baluwarti, dan fokus penelitian adalah tata ruang permukimannyaÂ yang memiliki kekhasan tersendiri. Kekhasan tata ruang permukiman Baluwarti yang dimaksud adalah bahwa permukiman ini berbeda dengan permukiman tradisional lainya karena permukiman ini berada di dalam kawasan keraton Surakarta. Dimana keraton Surakarta dikenal sebagai pusat kebudayaan Jawa. Sehingga permukiman tradisional lainya yang berada di Jawa, tentunya bersumber dari budaya keraton Surakarta. Paradaigma penelitian adalah Kualitatif dangan metode historical reading dan observasi, sedangkan analisis menggunakan induktif. Kebaharuan dari penelitian ini adalah akan ditemukan konsep tata ruang permukiman Baluwarti yang memiliki kekhasan, dari nilai-nilai tradisi dan budaya Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat yang kaya akan tradisi dan budaya (budaya Jawa), karena berada di dalam kawasan keraton. Berbeda dengan penelitian-penelitian permukiman yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya dengan lokus penelitian berada di luar keraton. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa konsep tata ruang Baluwarti merupakan konsep yang dipertahankan dari permukiman ini dibangun, yaitu pada masa Paku Buwana III (1745-1788M) adalahÂ menjaga keharmonisan manusia dengan Tuhan, keharmonisan manusia dengan manusia (masyarakat), dan keharmonisan manusia dengan alam.
Identifikasi pada Rumah Bangsawan Kraton Yogyakarta, Studi Kasus : Sarana, Prasarana dan Utilitas di Kompleks Dalem Benawan
Authors: Suharno Yohanes Eudes 
Published: August 2020

Dalam konsep kewilayahan Kraton Yogyakarta, Dalem Benawan merupakan salah satu bentuk perumahan milik Kraton yang ditempati oleh putra-putri Sri Sultan. Dalam perkembangannya di dalam kompleks Dalem Benawan selain ditempati oleh putra-putri Sri Sultan juga ditinggali oleh penghuni diluar garis keturunan Raja. Keberadaaan sebagian rumah di kompleks Dalem Benawan dengan penghuni â€œorang kebanyakanâ€ tersebut sebagai upaya pihak Kraton untuk mengatasi masalah kebutuhanÂ rumah bagi sebagian masyarakat di kota Yogyakarta. Permasalahannya yaitu sejauh mana kondisi sarana, prasarana dan utilitas di kompleks Dalem Benawan yang dikatakan sebagai perumahan di kawasan perkotaan memenuhi amanat undang-undangÂ yaitu sebagai perumahan yang layak huni. Untuk itu diperlukan identifikasi yang terkait dengan program pemerintahÂ menuju kota layak huni dengan konsep KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh). Program tersebut memiliki 8 indikator utama untuk mengetahui kondisi kompleks Dalem Benawan dalam upaya menuju perumahan layak huni. Diidentifikasi dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif dari aspek arsitektural antara lain seperti kecukupan luasan rumah terhadap penghuni, kondisi bangunan, ketersediaan MCK, jalan lingkungan dan sebagainya. Dengan hasil identifikasi tersebut dapat diketahui kelayakan huni perumahanÂ Dalem Benawan sekaligus sebagai landasan peremajaan lingkungan perumahan.
Analisa kajian literatur Green Building berdasarkan sudut pandang perkembangan ekonomi
Authors: Artha Bhenu , Tyas Nurina Vidya Ayuning , Murti Desy Ayu Krisna , Asri Cahya Purnama 
Published: August 2020

Industri konstruksi memiliki dampak berbahaya terhadap lingkungan, ekonomi, dan masyarakat. Sehingga perlu diterapkan pasokan tenaga berkelanjutan dimana hal ini dapat diterapkan pada bangunan dengan konsep green building. Wujud perhatian masyarakat di Indonesia terkait green buildingÂ saat ini mulai meningkat dan penerapan green building di Indonesia dirasa perlu dilaksanakan. Hal ini dapat dimulai dengan membuat peraturan yang mendorong aplikasi green building, terutama untuk perkantoran, sekolah, universitas, yang dapat dimulai dari kantor-kantor pemerintah, seperti halnya yang telah dilakukan dengan adanya peraturan tentang kendaraan listrik atau bebas emisi.
Demographics and Clinical Presentation of Early-Stage Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease: A Prospective, Multicenter, International Study
Authors: Laine Jennifer C. , Novotny Susan A. , Tis John E. , Sankar Wudbhav N. , Martin Benjamin D. , Kelly Derek M. , Gilbert Shawn R. , Shah Hitesh , Joseph Benjamin , Kim Harry K. W. ,   on behalf of the International Perthes Study Group
Published: August 2020

Background:
Children with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) are classically described as small, thin, high-energy children presenting with a painless limp. Epidemiologic studies have historically been retrospective and regional in nature. The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic and clinical features of children presenting in the early stages of LCPD in an international, multicenter cohort.

Methods:
Children (6 to 10 years) in the early stages of LCPD (modified Waldenström stage I to IIa) were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter study. Demographic and clinical data at presentation were analyzed. Body mass index percentiles were determined using country-specific growth charts for children in the United States and India, two countries with largest enrollment. Statistical analyses included t-tests and chi-square.

Results:
A total of 209 children (86% males; mean age 7.9 ± 1.2 years) from 25 centers (six countries) were included. Eight-four percent of children presented with pain with or without a limp. Average pain score at presentation was 3 ± 2 (range 0 to 9), and 63% of children (n = 105) used pain medications. Of these children 65% required medication more than once per week. Thirty percent of children missed school due to pain in the past month, and of those, 74% missed at least 1 day per week. Twenty-nine percent of children from the United States and 20% of children from India were overweight or obese. Nineteen percent reported household smoking.

Discussion:
This prospective study provides a new international multicenter representation of early LCPD. The frequency of pain and missed school highlights the substantial morbidity and potential social cost and burden for children and families. The prevalence of being overweight/obese in our LCPD cohort was comparable to rates within the pediatric cohort as a whole, and fewer children have a history of smoke exposure than in previous reports.

Level of Evidence:
Level II, prospective comparative study
Development of Distal Femoral Metastasis is Rare in Cases of Isolated Proximal Femoral Metastases
Authors: Boden Allison L. , Patel Manan , Hoyt Aaron , Subhawong Ty , Conway Sheila , Pretell-Mazzini Juan 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
In the setting of pathologic fractures or impending fractures of the femur, intramedullary nailing or hemiarthroplasty are the common surgical procedures indicated. Traditional teaching has stressed the importance of protecting the entire femur, and thus, it is common for these fractures to be treated with long nails or stems. Recent literature has begun to investigate whether this school of thought is valid and may challenge the perceived need for protection of the entire femur. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of ipsilateral distal femoral metastases after the treatment of proximal femoral metastases.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed that identified 66 patients who presented with completed or impending pathologic fractures of the proximal femur who then underwent either intramedullary nailing or hemiarthroplasty for surgical stabilization. Plain radiographs, in conjunction with CT, MRI, or positron emission tomography-CT when available, were used to determine whether there was disease progression and/or distal metastasis in the femur.

Results:
There was one patient (1.5%) in this series who developed distal femoral metastasis after hemiarthroplasty from metastatic breast carcinoma. There were three patients (4.54%) with local progression of the disease. No patient required further intervention, and there were no cases of hardware failure or periprosthetic fracture after prophylactic fixation.

Discussion:
Our findings show that there is an extremely low likelihood of developing distal femoral metastases when isolated proximal femoral metastases are present and thus protecting the entire femur may not be necessary in this clinical scenario.

Level of Evidence:
IV, therapeutic study.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Plant Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2
Authors: Lee Joan 
Published: August 2020

Journal of Plant Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.
Journal of Plant Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: jps@ccsenet.org
Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2
Adriana F. Sestras, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Romania
Alejandra Matiz, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Fardausi Akhter, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
Khyati Hitesh Shah, Stanford University, United States
Kirandeep Kaur Mani, California seed and Plant Labs, USA
Malgorzata Pietrowska-Borek, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
Massimo Zacchini, National Research Council of Italy, Italy
Md. Asaduzzaman, Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh
Melekber Sulusoglu, Arslanbey Vocational School Kocaeli University, Turkey
Milana Trifunovic-Momcilov, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Serbia
Mohamed Ahmed El-Esawi, Tanta University, Egypt
Rakesh Ponnala, Zoetis Inc, United States
Romina A. Marc, Univ. of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Slawomir Borek, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland
Tomoo misawa, Donan Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, Japan
Does including machine learning predictions in ALS clinical trial analysis improve statistical power?
Authors: Zhou Nina , Manser Paul 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease which leads to progressive muscle weakness and eventually death. The increasing availability of large ALS clinical trial datasets have generated much interest in developing predictive models for disease progression. However, the utility of predictive modeling on clinical trial analysis has not been thoroughly evaluated.MethodsWe evaluated a predictive modeling approach for ALS disease progression measured by ALSFRS‐R using the PRO‐ACT database and validated our findings in a novel test set from a former clinical trial. We examined clinical trial scenarios where model predictions could improve statistical power for detecting treatment effects with simulated clinical trials.ResultsModels constructed with imputed PRO‐ACT data have better external validation results than those fitted with complete observations. When fitted with imputed data, super learner (R2 = 0.71, MSPE = 19.7) and random forest (R2 = 0.70, MSPE = 19.6) have similar performance in the external validation and slightly outperform the linear mixed effects model (R2 = 0.69, MSPE = 20.5). Simulation studies suggest including machine learning predictions as a covariate in the analysis model of a 12‐month clinical study can increase the trial's effective sample size by 16% when there is a hypothetical treatment effect of 25% reduction in ALSFRS‐R mean rate of change.InterpretationPredictive modeling approaches for ALSFRS‐R are able to explain a moderate amount of variability in longitudinal change, which is improved by robust missing data handling for baseline characteristics. Including ALSFRS‐R post‐baseline model prediction results as a covariate in the model for primary analysis may increase power under moderate treatment effects.
Software‐based analysis of 1‐hour Holter ECG to select for prolonged ECG monitoring after stroke
Authors: Gröschel Sonja , Lange Björn , Wasser Katrin , Hahn Marianne , Wachter Rolf , Gröschel Klaus , Uphaus Timo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveIdentification of ischemic stroke patients at high risk for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) during 72 hours Holter ECG might be useful to individualize the allocation of prolonged ECG monitoring times, currently not routinely applied in clinical practice.MethodsIn a prospective multicenter study, the first analysable hour of raw ECG data from prolonged 72 hours Holter ECG monitoring in 1031 patients with acute ischemic stroke/TIA presenting in sinus rhythm was classified by an automated software (AA) into “no risk of AF” or “risk of AF” and compared to clinical variables to predict AF during 72 hours Holter‐ECG.ResultspAF was diagnosed in 54 patients (5.2%; mean age: 78 years; female 56%) and was more frequently detected after 72 hours in patients classified by AA as “risk of AF” (n = 21, 17.8%) compared to “no risk of AF” (n = 33, 3.6%). AA‐based risk stratification as “risk of AF” remained in the prediction model for pAF detection during 72 hours Holter ECG (OR3.814, 95% CI 2.024‐7.816, P < 0.001), in addition to age (OR1.052, 95% CI 1.021‐1.084, P = 0.001), NIHSS (OR 1.087, 95% CI 1.023‐1.154, P = 0.007) and prior treatment with thrombolysis (OR2.639, 95% CI 1.313‐5.306, P = 0.006). Similarly, risk stratification by AA significantly increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for prediction of pAF detection compared to a purely clinical risk score (AS5F alone: AUC 0.751; 95% CI 0.724‐0.778; AUC for the combination: 0.789, 95% CI 0.763‐0.814; difference between the AUC P = 0.022).InterpretationAutomated software‐based ECG risk stratification selects patients with high risk of AF during 72 hours Holter ECG and adds predictive value to common clinical risk factors for AF prediction.
Inhibition of Ras GTPases prevents Collagen‐Induced Arthritis by Reducing the Generation of Pathogenic CD4+ T Cells and the Hyposialylation of Autoantibodies
Authors: Zayoud Morad , Vax Einav , Elad‐Sfadia Galit , Barshack Iris , Pinkas‐Kramarski Ronit , Goldstein Itamar 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveRasGTPases are master regulators of multiple intracellular signaling cascades. Perturbation of this pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study we aimed to define the therapeutic potential of a novel RasGTPases inhibitor, farnesylthiosalicylate (FTS), in the preclinical mouse model of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and better delineate its immunomodulatory effects both ex vivo and in the mouse.MethodsWe analyzed in vitro the immunomodulatory effects of FTS on various CD4+ T‐cell functions such as activation, proliferation, T‐helper polarization, and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Using the CIA model, we further determined the efficacy of FTS to inhibit clinical, histopathologic, and diverse immunological outcomes of arthritis.ResultsFTS treatment of CD4+ T cells in vitro effectively targeted distinct kinases (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, p38, protein kinase B/AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin), the production of interleukin (IL)‐17A, IL‐22, and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and Th17 polarization. FTS therapy in the mouse CIA model significantly reduced clinical disease severity and joint inflammation/damage by histology. Importantly, FTS suppressed the in vivo induction of splenic IL‐17+IL‐22+ Th17 cells and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The production of pathogenic autoantibodies and their abnormal hyposialylation was significantly attenuated by FTS therapy. Importantly, in vivo generation of collagen type‐II specific effector CD4+ T cells was likewise repressed by FTS therapy.ConclusionThe RasGTPases inhibitor FTS attenuates the production of proinflammatory cytokines by in vitro–activated T cells and is a potent immunomodulatory compound in the CIA model, primarily targeting the generation of autoreactive Th17 cells and the production of autoantibodies and their subsequent pathogenic hyposialylation.