bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offender Characteristics and Behaviors in NonSexual Child Maltreatment
Authors: Park Jisun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractData on 552 child maltreatment cases in South Korea involving convictions, including child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, were analyzed in order to compare 259 offenses committed by male offenders with 293 offenses committed by female offenders. Relative to cases involving female offenders, male offenders both had a higher number of criminal convictions and were more likely to have previously abused their victims. By contrast, female offenders were more likely to have had financial difficulties, while their victims were significantly younger compared to male offenders. Male offenders were more likely to strike the victim, either manually or with an instrument, particularly a blunt instrument, whereas female offenders were more likely to pinch or bite their victims. The findings can aid social workers and medical personnel in recognizing the signs of child maltreatment and identifying at‐risk children more effectively, helping to employ timely interventions and prevent the reoccurrence of child maltreatment.
Secondary‐prevention behaviour‐change strategy for high‐risk patients: Benefits for all classes of body mass index
Authors: Langston Keanne , Ross Lynda J. , Byrnes Angela , Hay Robin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimResearch is needed to support the long‐term benefits of lifestyle interventions for management of high‐risk patients with different BMI classifications. This prospective multicentre study assessed two‐year outcomes of hospital‐referred patients (BMI 25‐61 kg/m2) attending a dietitian‐led multidisciplinary Healthy Eating and Lifestyle Behaviour‐Change Program in group or individual formats in hospital outpatient settings.MethodsBodyweight, quality of life (Short Form‐12) and intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale) data were collected at pre‐intervention, post‐intervention and 2 years. Outcomes were reported in BMI classes.ResultsAt pre‐intervention (n = 493), 11% had pre‐obesity, 25% obesity class I, 30% obesity class II and 34% obesity class III. Characteristics of participants with available data at post‐intervention (n = 290) and 2 years (n = 178) were comparable (P > .05). Significant mean weight loss was seen at post‐intervention (−2.0 ± 0.4 kg, P < .001, n = 290) and 2 years (−4.3 ± 0.5 kg, P < .001, n = 178). All BMI classes had significant weight losses (P < .05). Participants with higher obesity (classes II and III) had greater improvements in mental quality of life (P < .05) and initial weight reductions (P < .05) than those with lower classes. However, those with obesity class I had the greatest long‐term weight reductions and significant improvements in physical quality of life at 2 years (P < .05). All BMI classes reported similar improvements in intuitive eating. No effect was found for differences in intervention format, duration or setting (P > .05).ConclusionsThe results support dietitian‐led multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions for multidisciplinary management of high‐risk patients of all BMI classes.
Clinical study of apatinib combined with EGFR‐TKI in the treatment of chronic progression after EGFR‐TKI treatment in non‐small cell lung cancer (ChiCTR1800019185)
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Minghui , Zhang Hongbing , Liu Hongyu , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis clinical trial (ChiCTR1800019185) is designed to be an open‐label, prospective, single‐center, single arm exploratory research study. The study will recruit non‐small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) with slow progression after first‐line treatment with EGFR‐TKI drugs. Slow progression will be confirmed by the presence of serum carcinoembryonic antigen or imaging evaluation. The primary aim is to assess progression‐free survival after EGFR‐TKIs treatment combined with apatinib 250 mg once daily. The secondary objectives are to evaluate objective efficacy, disease control rates, quality of life, overall survival, and safety. From September 2018 to September 2020, under specific entry and discharge standards, we plan to enroll 38 eligible patients until the end of the study. We hope that our study will help to explore a new way of combining the small molecular inhibitors of antiangiogenesis with EGFR‐TKIs to overcome acquired drug resistance.
Maturing Out of Alcohol Use in Young Adulthood: Latent Class Growth Trajectories and Concurrent Young Adult Correlates
Authors: Windle Michael 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate intraindividual variation in “maturing out” of alcohol use by using latent class growth trajectories of alcohol use from adolescence (age 17 years) through young adulthood (age 33 years). We also modeled trajectory group differences with regard to concurrent, age‐relevant domains of substance use, health (e.g., physical health rating, sleep problems), interpersonal functioning (e.g., conflict with partner), and occupational functioning (e.g., intrinsic motivation).MethodsGrowth mixture modeling was used with a sample of 1,004 adolescents/young adults, and 3 trajectory groups were identified as follows: (i) a Normative Use group (n = 646) with low alcohol use remaining stable from adolescence to young adulthood; (ii) a Moderate Increase group (n = 300) with moderate alcohol use increasing slowly from adolescence to emergent adulthood (age 23 years) and then decreasing slightly from emergent adulthood to young adulthood (age 33 years); and (iii) a High Increase group (n = 58) with a high, increasing pattern of alcohol use from adolescence to emergent adulthood and then a small decrease in use from emergent adulthood to young adulthood.ResultsAt age 33 years, trajectory groups differed, with High and Moderate Increase groups differing significantly from the Normative Use group in current alcohol and other substance use and other risk factors (e.g., friends' alcohol use). Furthermore, the High and Moderate Increase groups differed from the Normative Use group on indicators of health (poorer sleep and more sleep problems), social functioning (higher partner and work–family conflict), and occupational functioning (lower intrinsic work motivation).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that trajectory group membership in alcohol use from adolescence to young adulthood is associated with the domains of substance use, health, and social and occupational functioning. Furthermore, the findings suggest that maturing out applies primarily to a subset of those individuals at moderate to higher levels of alcohol use.
Uniting generations: A research protocol examining the impacts of an intergenerational learning program on participants and organisations
Authors: Golenko Xanthe , Radford Katrina , Fitzgerald Janna Anneke , Vecchio Nerina , Cartmel Jennifer , Harris Neil 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEconomic, health and social issues associated with the ageing population and the disconnect between the generations call for novel approaches to care services. Intergenerational programs are known to enhance engagement between generations, improve health and well‐being and create a stronger sense of community. While the health and social benefits are well documented, little attention has been given to the operational aspects of intergenerational programs within care facilities. This paper describes the research protocol used to develop, implement and evaluate an intergenerational learning program for preschool‐aged children and older people attending care services. The research focuses on five key areas: (a) impact on older people and children; (b) intergenerational learning; (c) workforce development; (d) socio‐economic implications and costs; and (e) program fidelity and sustainability. Findings from this research are expected to contribute to building age‐friendly communities through the development of practical operational guidelines for intergenerational learning programs to be implemented more broadly across Australia.
Systemic mastocytosis and probable mast cell leukaemia in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
Authors: Phillips CA , Jaensch S , Hayward D 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of mast cell neoplasia in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).Case ReportAn adult female koala was presented for rapidly deteriorating health and death of a pouch young. Significant weight loss was apparent despite supplemental feeding; the abdomen was distended; and the koala was weak and mentally depressed. Haematology revealed a significant mastocytosis with a concurrent population of atypical mononuclear cells. The koala was euthanised and tissues were collected for histology. Bone marrow, lymph node, lung, stomach and spleen exhibited significant infiltration by mast cells. Atypical round cells consistent with those identified in the peripheral blood were also identified in the marrow. A diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis and probable mast cell leukaemia was made. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical staining was not able to further characterise the atypical cell population, and the mast cells exhibited only weak staining with CD117.ConclusionThe histological diagnosis, in this case, was systemic mastocytosis and myeloproliferative disease of uncertain origin. There was a dominant population of mast cells in the peripheral blood and marrow, and a population of circulating atypical mononuclear cells, appearing similar to mast cell leukaemia‐acute myeloid leukaemia in humans.
Migration, Ethnicity and Solidarity: ‘Multinational Workers’ in the Former Soviet Union
Authors: Morrison Claudio , Sacchetto Devi , Croucher Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe investigate migrant construction workers’ experiences in the Former Soviet Union, examining their attitudes to other ethno‐national groups, unions and collective action. Industrial relations and migration studies view migrant workers’ hypermobility and diversity, under conditions of low union coverage and rising nationalism, as potentially obstructing consciousness‐raising and mobilizing. Workers in our study faced union indifference, ethno‐national segregation and discrimination. However, managerial abuses, informality and contestation from below led to spontaneous mobilization. Lack of institutional channels to solve these disputes drove workers’ further mobility. Complex mobility trajectories and collective action translated into increased awareness of collective interests and rejection of nationalist ideologies. The outcome is ‘multinational workers’ potentially resistant to nation‐state politics and capital's logics but also aware of the value and usefulness of collective solidarities. Thus, previous arguments solely associating exit with individualistic attitudes, and post‐socialist legacies with workers’ quiescence present only partial pictures.
Learning from support workers: Can a dramatherapy group offer a community provision to support changes in care for people with learning disabilities and mental health difficulties?
Authors: Bourne Jane , Selman Matthew , Hackett Simon 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summary

Dramatherapy groups are being used to help people with learning disabilities move from hospital back to their homes.

The staff who support people to attend the groups talked about their experiences.

The staff felt the groups help people stay well, build friendships and get support quickly if needed.

The staff felt that the groups were helpful for themselves too as they felt supported and learned new skills.

AbstractBackgroundThe UK Government's Transforming Care Agenda for people with learning disabilities has struggled to meet its goals of reducing inpatient beds and building community‐based support. This article reports on the experiences of support staff who attended dramatherapy groups developed to assist transitions from an inpatient hospital and to prevent re‐admissions through post‐discharge support. The groups provide ongoing support and a place where relationships can be developed between supporter and those supported.Materials and MethodsA focus group with a purposive sample of paid support staff. The data was synthesised using a thematic framework approach.ResultsThemes include: (a) new way of supporting and (b) hospital connection. The groups helped improve social interaction, friendship building, communication and self‐confidence. Additional benefits include the pooling of support and a connection with professionals that enables difficulties to be caught early.ConclusionsSupport workers valued these dramatherapy groups, recognising how the intervention enabled people with learning disabilities to develop relationships and provide easy access to mental health professionals. Support staff also found benefits for themselves which included shared support and an increased understanding and insight into the people they support.
Increased intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 in HIV‐1‐infected primary human macrophages is not associated with Salmonella hijacking the HIV compartment
Authors: Lê‐Bury G. , Deschamps C. , Kizilyaprak C. , Blanchard W. , Daraspe J. , Dumas A. , Gordon M.A. , Hinton J.C.D. , Humbel B.M. , Niedergang F. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundNon‐typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) causes a severe invasive syndrome (iNTS disease) described in HIV‐positive adults. The impact of HIV‐1 on Salmonella pathogenesis and the molecular basis for the differences between these bacteria and classical diarrhoeal S. Typhimurium remains unclear.ResultsHere, we show that iNTS‐associated S. Typhimurium Sequence Type 313 (ST313) bacteria show greater intracellular survival in primary human macrophages, compared with a ‘classical’ diarrhoeal S. Typhimurium ST19 isolate. The increased intracellular survival phenotype of ST313 is more pronounced in HIV‐infected macrophages. We explored the possibility that the bacteria take advantage of the HIV‐associated viral‐containing compartments created in human macrophages that have low pH. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and focussed ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy tomography showed that Salmonella did not co‐localise extensively with HIV‐positive compartments.ConclusionThe capacity of ST313 bacteria to survive better than ST19 bacteria within primary human macrophages is enhanced in cells pre‐infected with HIV‐1. Our results indicate that the ST313 bacteria do not directly benefit from the niche created by the virus in HIV‐1‐infected macrophages, and that they might take advantage from a more globally modified host cell.SignificanceA better understanding of the interplay between HIV‐1 and Salmonella is important not only for these bacteria but also for other opportunistic pathogens.
Deciphering ecology from statistical artefacts: Competing influence of sample size, prevalence and habitat specialization on species distribution models and how small evaluation datasets can inflate metrics of performance
Authors: Hallman Tyler A. , Robinson William D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimSample size and species characteristics, including prevalence and habitat specialization, can influence the predictive performance of species distribution models (SDMs). There is little agreement, however, on which metric of model performance to use. Here, we directly compare AUC and partial ROC as metrics of SDM performance through analyses on the effects of species traits and sample size on SDM performance.LocationThree counties dominated by agricultural lands and coniferous forest in Oregon's Willamette Valley and Coast Range ecoregions.MethodsWe systematically reduced a large avian point count dataset to alter sample sizes of 22 species of songbird. We used boosted regression trees to run SDMs for each species, quantified habitat specialization, and used mixed effects models to compare the influence of sample size, prevalence, and habitat specialization on SDM performance, calculated as AUC and partial ROC, across species. We calculated AUC and partial ROC with subset and independent evaluation data separately to more comprehensively investigate differences in metrics.ResultsWe found a positive quadratic effect of sample size and a strongly positive effect of habitat specialization on both metrics of model performance. We found a weak effect of prevalence on partial ROC and no effect in AUC. Contrary to expectations, when evaluated with a subset evaluation data, partial ROC was consistently highest in models with the smallest sample sizes. These small sample size models had correspondingly small sample sizes in subset evaluation datasets. Partial ROC evaluated with independent data and AUC evaluated with subset or independent data showed the expected positive correlation between sample size and model performance.Main ConclusionsWe found that small evaluation datasets can artificially inflate partial ROC. With literature recommended minimum SDM sample sizes as low as three, attention must be given to the effects of correspondingly low sample sizes in evaluation datasets.
The basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor TCF4 impacts brain architecture as well as neuronal morphology and differentiation
Authors: Schoof Melanie , Hellwig Malte , Harrison Luke , Holdhof Dörthe , Lauffer Marlen C. , Niesen Judith , Virdi Sanamjeet , Indenbirken Daniela , Schüller Ulrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGermline mutations in the basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor 4 (TCF4) cause the Pitt–Hopkins syndrome (PTHS), a developmental disorder with severe intellectual disability. Here, we report findings from a new mouse model with a central nervous system‐specific truncation of Tcf4 leading to severe phenotypic abnormalities. Furthermore, it allows the study of a complete TCF4 knockout in adult mice, circumventing early postnatal lethality of previously published mouse models. Our data suggest that a TCF4 truncation results in an impaired hippocampal architecture affecting both the dentate gyrus as well as the cornu ammonis. In the cerebral cortex, loss of TCF4 generates a severe differentiation delay of neural precursors. Furthermore, neuronal morphology was critically affected with shortened apical dendrites and significantly increased branching of dendrites. Our data provide novel information about the role of Tcf4 in brain development and may help to understand the mechanisms leading to intellectual deficits observed in patients suffering from PTHS.
Selection of optimized features for fusion of palm print and finger knuckle‐based person authentication
Authors: Jaswal Gaurav , Poonia Ramesh Chandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe impact of digital technology in biometrics is much more efficient at interpreting data than humans, which results in completely replacement of manual identification procedures in forensic science. Because the single modality‐based biometric frameworks limit performance in terms of accuracy and anti‐spoofing capabilities due to the presence of low quality data, therefore, information fusion of more than one biometric characteristic in pursuit of high recognition results can be beneficial. In this article, we present a multimodal biometric system based on information fusion of palm print and finger knuckle traits, which are least associated to any criminal investigation as evidence yet. The proposed multimodal biometric system might be useful to identify the suspects in case of physical beating or kidnapping and establish supportive scientific evidences, when no fingerprint or face information is present in photographs. The first step in our work is data preprocessing, in which region of interest of palm and finger knuckle images have been extracted. To minimize nonuniform illumination effects, we first normalize the detected circular palm or finger knuckle and then apply line ordinal pattern (LOP)‐based encoding scheme for texture enrichment. The nondecimated quaternion wavelet provides denser feature representation at multiple scales and orientations when extracted over proposed LOP encoding and increases the discrimination power of line and ridge features. To best of our knowledge, this first attempt is a combination of backtracking search algorithm and 2D2LDA has been employed to select the dominant palm and knuckle features for classification. The classifiers output for two modalities are combined at unsupervised rank level fusion rule through Borda count method, which shows an increase in performance in terms of recognition and verification, that is, 100% (correct recognition rate), 0.26% (equal error rate), 3.52 (discriminative index), and 1,262 m (speed).
Integrated management for sustainable cropping systems: Looking beyond the greenhouse balance at the field scale
Authors: Quemada Miguel , Lassaletta Luis , Leip Adrian , Jones Arwyn , Lugato Emanuele 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCover crops (CC) promote the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC), which provides multiple benefits to agro‐ecosystems. However, additional nitrogen (N) inputs into the soil could offset the CO2 mitigation potential due to increasing N2O emissions. Integrated management approaches use organic and synthetic fertilizers to maximize yields while minimizing impacts by crop sequencing adapted to local conditions. The goal of this work was to test whether integrated management, centered on CC adoption, has the potential to maximize SOC stocks without increasing the soil greenhouse gas (GHG) net flux and other agro‐environmental impacts such as nitrate leaching. To this purpose, we ran the DayCent bio‐geochemistry model on 8,554 soil sampling locations across the European Union. We found that soil N2O emissions could be limited with simple crop sequencing rules, such as switching from leguminous to grass CC when the GHG flux was positive (source). Additional reductions of synthetic fertilizers applications are possible through better accounting for N available in green manures and from mineralization of soil reservoirs while maintaining cash crop yields. Therefore, our results suggest that a CC integrated management approach can maximize the agro‐environmental performance of cropping systems while reducing environmental trade‐offs.
Predictability of species diversity by family diversity across global terrestrial animal taxa
Authors: Zou Yi , van der Werf Wopke , Liu Yunhui , Axmacher Jan Christoph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimAlthough biodiversity is in sharp decline around the globe, collectiing precise information on changes in overall species richness remains extremely challenging. Efficient and reliable proxy methods are therefore needed, with the diversity of higher taxa representing one such potential proxy for species‐level diversity. Nonetheless, the stability of using this measure across different regions and animal taxa at the global scale has never been investigated thoroughly.LocationGlobal.Time periodUp to 2016.Major taxa studiedAnimalia.MethodsWe used a large global dataset containing published studies on diversity in the terrestrial Animalia to analyse the relationship between diversity at the family, genus and species level across different orders.ResultsFamily and species diversity were positively correlated, with the strongest correlations in Diptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Correlations were slightly weaker in family–species than in genus–species relationships, whereas differences were stronger in observed richness than in diversity indices. Across all taxa, family–species correlations of Shannon diversity index values were independent of sample size, and they showed limited variation across biomes for the three orders containing sufficient case studies for this analysis. Based on the Shannon diversity index, the species diversity per site increased linearly with the increase in family diversity, with an average species : family diversity index ratio of 2.5, slightly lower than the ratio of 2.7 for observed species and family richness values.Main conclusionsOur study confirmed that recording family‐level diversity can be a meaningful proxy for determining species‐level diversity patterns in biodiversity studies, and trade‐offs between identification costs and retained information content need to be considered when using higher taxon surrogacy.