bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legumes increase grassland productivity with no effect on nitrous oxide emissions
Authors: Barneze Arlete S. , Whitaker Jeanette , McNamara Niall P. , Ostle Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsGrasslands are important agricultural production systems, where ecosystem functioning is affected by land management practices. Grass-legume mixtures are commonly cultivated to increase grassland productivity while reducing the need for nitrogen (N) fertiliser. However, little is known about the effect of this increase in productivity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in grass-legume mixtures. The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between the proportion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures and N-fertiliser addition on productivity and GHG emissions. We tested the hypotheses that an increase in the relative proportion of legumes would increase plant productivity and decrease GHG emissions, and the magnitude of these effects would be reduced by N-fertiliser addition.MethodsThis was tested in a controlled environment mesocosm experiment with one grass and one legume species grown in mixtures in different proportions, with or without N-fertiliser. The effects on N cycling processes were assessed by measurement of above- and below-ground biomass, shoot N uptake, soil physico-chemical properties and GHG emissions.ResultsAbove-ground productivity and shoot N uptake were greater in legume-grass mixtures compared to grass or legume monocultures, in fertilised and unfertilised soils. However, we found no effect of legume proportion on N2O emissions, total soil N or mineral-N in fertilised or unfertilised soils.ConclusionsThis study shows that the inclusion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures positively affected productivity, however N cycle were in the short-term unaffected and mainly affected by nitrogen fertilisation. Legumes can be used in grassland management strategies to mitigate climate change by reducing crop demand for N-fertilisers.
Opening out and closing down: the treatment of uncertainty in transport planning’s forecasting paradigm
Authors: Lyons Glenn , Marsden Greg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSince the 1960s, development of the transport system has been framed by the notion of forecasting future demand. Yet the past decade or more appears to signal some significant changes to the role of travel in society which are having a material impact on how much people travel (and may travel in the future). Coupled with the potential for major technological changes and a range of climate adaptation scenarios, the future of mobility presents today’s decision making on transport strategy and investment with a broader set of uncertainties than has previously been considered. This paper examines current mainstream practice for incorporating uncertainty into decision-making, through an illustrative case study of the highly codified approaches of the Department for Transport in England. It deconstructs the issue by first focussing on different ways in which there is an opening out or acceptance of new uncertainties and how this creates a (wider) set of potential futures. It then turns to consider how this set of futures is used, or not, in decision-making, i.e. the process of closing down uncertainty to arrive at or at least inform a decision. We demonstrate that, because the range of uncertainties has broadened in scope and scale, the traditional technocratic approach of closing down decisions through sensitivity testing is at odds with the greater breadth now being called for at the opening out stage. We conclude that transport decision-making would benefit from a rebalancing of technical depth with analytical breadth. The paper outlines a plausible new approach to opening out and closing down that is starting to be applied in practice. This approach must be accompanied by an opening up of the processes by which technical advice for decisions are reached and how uncertainties are understood and negotiated.
Deep Factorisation of the Stable Process III: the View from Radial Excursion Theory and the Point of Closest Reach
Authors: Kyprianou Andreas E. , Rivero Victor , Satitkanitkul Weerapat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe compute explicitly the distribution of the point of closest reach to the origin in the path of any d-dimensional isotropic stable process, with d ≥ 2. Moreover, we develop a new radial excursion theory, from which we push the classical Blumenthal–Getoor–Ray identities for first entry/exit into a ball (cf. Blumenthal et al. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 99, 540–554 1961) into the more complex setting of n-tuple laws for overshoots and undershoots. We identify explicitly the stationary distribution of any d-dimensional isotropic stable process when reflected in its running radial supremum. Finally, for such processes, and as consequence of some of the analysis of the aforesaid, we provide a representation of the Wiener–Hopf factorisation of the MAP that underlies the stable process through the Lamperti–Kiu transform. Our analysis continues in the spirit of Kyprianou (Ann. Appl. Probab., 20(2), 522–564 2010) and Kyprianou et al. (2015) in that our methodology is largely based around treating stable processes as self-similar Markov processes and, accordingly, taking advantage of their Lamperti-Kiu decomposition.
Inducement grants, hiring announcements, and adverse selection for new CEOs
Authors: Cadman Brian , Carrizosa Richard , Peng Xiaoxia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examine how adverse selection problems when hiring new external CEOs affect contractual features of inducement grants. Focusing on the sensitivity of inducement grants to the new CEO announcement return ($Sensitivity), we find that firms provide inducement grants that are more sensitive to the new CEO announcement return when information asymmetry about the new CEO is more severe and the costs of adverse selection problems are higher. We also find a positive relation between the market reaction to the appointment and $Sensitivity. We consider factors that reduce information asymmetry (e.g., engaging a search firm or appointing internal CEOs) and find they are associated with lower sensitivity of the inducement grant to the announcement.
Tribological Performance of Non-halogenated Phosphonium Ionic Liquids as Additives to Polypropylene and Lithium-Complex Greases
Authors: Ploss Moritz , Tian Yiyuan , Yoshikawa Sosaku , Westbroek René , Leckner Johan , Glavatskih Sergei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFour non-halogenated ionic liquids (ILs) with trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation are tested as lubricant additives to polypropylene (PP) and lithium-complex (LiX) greases. In pin-on-disk tests at elevated temperatures, the addition of an IL with bis(oxalato)borate ([BOB]) anion reduces wear by up to 50% when compared to the neat LiX base grease; an IL with bis(mandelato)borate ([BMB]) anion reduces friction by up to 60% for both PP and LiX. Elemental analysis reveals that oxygen-rich tribofilms help to reduce wear in case of [BOB], while the friction reduction observed for [BMB] is likely caused by adsorption processes. We find that temperature has a pronounced effect on additive expression, yet additive concentration is of minor importance under continuous sliding conditions. In contrast, rolling-sliding experiments at 90 °C show that the traction performance of LiX grease is dependent on additive concentration, revealing a reduction in traction by up to 30 and 40% for [BMB]- and [BOB]-containing ILs at concentrations of 10 wt%. Finally, an IL with dicyanamide anion reduces friction and increases wear in pin-on-disk tests at room temperature, while an IL with bis-2,4,4-(trimethylpentyl)phosphinate anion increases wear, showing only limited potential as grease additives. Overall, this work demonstrates the ability of non-halogenated ILs to significantly extend grease performance limits.
Spectral Shifting in Extraordinary Optical Transmission by Polarization-Dependent Surface Plasmon Coupling
Authors: Park Jongkyoon , Lee Hyunsoo , Gliserin Alexander , Kim Kyujung , Kim Seungchul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNanoapertures in a metallic film exhibit extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) owing to the surface plasmon resonance. Their transmission properties are known to be dependent on the structural parameters of the nanoapertures. In addition, the polarization of light has also a crucial influence on the transmission spectrum. In this study, we numerically found that the polarization state is a sensitive parameter in plasmonic EOT only when the gap size between triangular nanoapertures is less than ~ 20 nm. For a polarization of the light perpendicular to the axis between the nanoapertures, the optical transmission spectrum is nonlinearly redshifted with decreasing gap size. This spectral shifting of the transmission has potential applications for active optical filters, which can be manipulated by the polarization of light or by adjusting the gap size.
Transformative roles of people and places: learning, experiencing, and regenerative action through social innovation
Authors: Mehmood Abid , Marsden Terry , Taherzadeh Alice , Axinte Lorena F. , Rebelo Cátia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the transformative role of people and the places which they inhabit. It advocates the richness and multiplicity of actors and understandings to drive sustainable place-shaping practices. Grounded in the interdisciplinary place-based conceptualisation of social innovation, the paper aims to progress a holistic conceptual framework which integrates the active processes of learning, experiencing, and regeneration to tackle the complex challenges of sustainability. The discussion argues for moving beyond the conceptual deliberations into practice-based research. The framework proposed brings together three different lenses: first, transformative learning as an approach to experiential pedagogy with focus on education and learning based in local communities and the surrounding places; second, experiencing place through sense-making to help people relate closely to their values and meanings of place; third, regenerative action to reverse and recuperate from the negative impact of humans on the environment and promote place stewardship. Through a dynamic combination of these processes, new socially innovative agency is created. Empirical examples of this agency have been captured in this paper from a series of projects which were part of the SUSPLACE programme. In conclusion, we associate the interactive nature of this agency with sustainable re-learning, re-experiencing, and re-generation processes to reshape places in a transformative way.
Metal-organic framework UiO-66 membranes
Authors: Liu Xinlei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a class of promising membrane materials. UiO-66 is a prototypical and stable MOF material with a number of analogues. In this article, we review five approaches for fabricating UiO-66 polycrystalline membranes including in situ synthesis, secondary synthesis, biphase synthesis, gas-phase deposition and electrochemical deposition, as well as their applications in gas separation, pervaporation, nanofiltration and ion separation. On this basis, we propose possible methods for scalable synthesis of UiO-66 membranes and their potential separation applications in the future.
Off to a good start after a cancer diagnosis: implementation of a time out consultation in primary care before cancer treatment decision
Authors: Noteboom Eveline A. , de Wit Niek J. , van Asseldonk Ingrid J. E. M. , Janssen Monique C. A. M. , Lam-Wong Wai Yee , Linssen Rob H. P. J. , Pepels Manon J. A. E. , Schrama Natascha A. W. P. , Trompper Mariëlle E. H. , Veldhuizen L. Maaike , Wijtvliet Anne P. , Zeldenrust Ed G. F. , Hendrikx Ans M. , van de Boomen Wil A. , Elbersen Dorothé M. , Jacobs Esther M. G. , van der Wall Elsken , Helsper Charles W. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Supportive care for cancer patients may benefit from improving treatment decisions and optimal use of the family physicians’ and specialists’ strengths. To improve shared decision-making (SDM) and facilitate continuity of primary care during treatment, a cancer care path including a “time out consultation” (TOC) in primary care before treatment decision, was implemented. This study assesses the uptake of a TOC and the added value for SDM.

Methods
For patients with metastatic lung or gastro-intestinal cancer, a TOC was introduced in their care path in a southern region of The Netherlands, from April until October 2016. Uptake of a TOC was measured to reflect on facilitation of continuity of primary care. The added value for SDM and overall experiences were evaluated with questionnaires and semi-structured interviews among patients, family physicians, and specialists.

Results
Of the 40 patients who were offered a TOC, 31 (78%) had a TOC. Almost all patients, family physicians, and specialists expressed that they experienced added value for SDM. This includes a stimulating effect on reflection on choice (expressed by 83% of patients) and improved preparation for treatment decision (75% of patients). Overall added value of a TOC for SDM, only evaluated among family physicians and specialists, was experienced by 71% and 86% of these physicians, respectively.

Conclusion and Implications for Cancer Survivors
The first experiences with a TOC in primary care before cancer treatment decision suggest that it may help to keep the GP “in the loop” after a cancer diagnosis and that it may contribute to the SDM process, according to patients, family physicians, and specialists.
Monthly variation in masses, metals and endotoxin content as well as pro-inflammatory response of airborne particles collected by TEOM monitors
Authors: Ljunggren Stefan A. , Nosratabadi Ali Reza , Graff Pål , Karlsson Helen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParticle exposure has been linked to an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, particle exposure has been shown to have a chronic inhibitory effect on lung development in young people and may result in increased respiratory problems in adults or children with respiratory-related diseases. In today’s urban environments, particle levels are mainly monitored gravimetrically; however, other factors such as particle size, shape and surface reactivity have recently been noted as highly important in relation to possible health outcomes. Here, particles from TEOM monitor filters placed in three different cities were studied. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there are variations in particle masses, cadmium and lead contents, as well as endotoxin levels between locations and time points over the year and if this can be correlated to the particles ability to induce a pro-inflammatory response in vitro. Results showed that it is possible to detect variations at different locations and at different time points over the year and that cadmium, lead and endotoxin levels did not coincide with the increased total particle masses while endotoxin levels coincided with pro-inflammatory responses in vitro. The present study shows that filter analysis is a useful complement to gravimetric or particle-counting measurements in studies of particle-related health effects and will give useful information regarding future air quality measurements.
Analysis of Density Changes of Selected Brain Receptors After a 14-Day Supply of Chromium(III) and Evaluation of Chromium(III) Affinity to Selected Receptors and Transporters
Authors: Piotrowska Anna , Siwek Agata , Wolak Małgorzata , Nowak Gabriel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChromium(III) is one of the most controversial biometals. Although, it is no longer on the list of minerals necessary for the proper functioning of the human body, and its pharmacological effect is still under discussion. One of the purposes of Cr(III) administration is to use it in patients with mood disorders and it is strictly related to its pharmacological, not dietary effect. This is because its high doses are necessary to obtain the results and additionally, no deficiencies in human population have been noted. In this study, the affinity of chromium(III) to selected receptors and transporters in the rat brain was evaluated, and the effect of the 14-day administration of this metal was assessed on the density of selected receptors. All analyses were performed in vitro using radioligand binding assays, and the results indicated lack of affinity to β1 and α1 receptors and serotonin transporter (SERT), furthermore very weak affinity to the 5-HT1A receptor (30% inhibition at 10−4 and 10−5 M). Analysis of the α1 and β1 adrenergic receptor density indicated lack of any adaptive effects after 14 days of Cr(III) administration through intraperitoneal injections (doses 6 and 12 mg/kg). The antidepressant activity of chromium(III) indicated in clinical trials concerned patients with atypical, seasonal, or dystonic symptoms. This effect, as it seems based on the presented results, does not depend on direct affinity to serotonin receptors and transporter nor is the result of adaptive changes in the adrenoreceptor system.
Alterations of Transcription of Genes Coding Anti-oxidative and Mitochondria-Related Proteins in Amyloid β Toxicity: Relevance to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Cieślik Magdalena , Czapski Grzegorz A. , Wójtowicz Sylwia , Wieczorek Iga , Wencel Przemysław L. , Strosznajder Robert P. , Jaber Vivian , Lukiw Walter J. , Strosznajder Joanna B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA growing body of evidence indicates that pathological forms of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide contribute to neuronal degeneration and synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the impact of exogenous Aβ1-42 oligomers (AβO) and endogenously liberated Aβ peptides on transcription of genes for anti-oxidative and mitochondria-related proteins in cell lines (neuronal SH-SY5Y and microglial BV2) and in brain cortex of transgenic AD (Tg-AD) mice, respectively. Our results demonstrated significant AβO-evoked changes in transcription of genes in SH-SY5Y cells, where AβO enhanced expression of Sod1, Cat, mt-Nd1, Bcl2, and attenuated Sirt5, Sod2 and Sdha. In BV2 line, AβO increased the level of mRNA for Sod2, Dnm1l, Bcl2, and decreased for Gpx4, Sirt1, Sirt3, mt-Nd1, Sdha and Mfn2. Then, AβO enhanced free radicals level and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential only in SH-SY5Y cells, but reduced viability of both cell types. Inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 and activator of sirtuin-1 more efficiently enhanced viability of SH-SY5Y than BV2 affected by AβO. Analysis of brain cortex of Tg-AD mice confirmed significant downregulation of Sirt1, Mfn1 and mt-Nd1 and upregulation of Dnm1l. In human AD brain, changes of microRNA pattern (miRNA-9, miRNA-34a, miRNA-146a and miRNA-155) seem to be responsible for decrease in Sirt1 expression. Overall, our results demonstrated a diverse response of neuronal and microglial cells to AβO toxicity. Alterations of genes encoding Sirt1, Mfn1 and Drp1 in an experimental model of AD suggest that modulation of mitochondria dynamics and Sirt1, including miRNA strategy, may be crucial for improvement of AD therapy.
Not All Syrian Doctors Become Taxi Drivers: Stagnation and Continuity Among Highly Educated Syrians in Norway
Authors: Bygnes Susanne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany studies of forced migration have documented processes of deskilling and falls in status resulting from an inability to convert capital from one context to another. This article relies on qualitative interviews with highly educated individuals who arrived in Norway in the wake of the Syrian crisis. In the material, narratives of stagnation, loss and struggle against bureaucracy are highly salient and persist over time. I coin the term mobility dissonance to describe this post-migration stressor—the dissonance between physical mobility across borders and a sense of (not) going anywhere in life. By following some informants over time, this study indicates how classed resources can also represent an element of continuity through the critical life course events that forced migration entails. Descriptions of mobility dissonance are thus part of a more nuanced picture. While hopelessness and loss are very salient in the interviews, following informants over time provides lived examples of how classed resources represent an important form of continuity. Continuity refers to a counter-narrative to the riches-to-rags story often attached to resourceful forced migrants. I suggest future research to pay more attention to classed resources as a potential source of continuity through the migration process.
Germination requirements of the subordinate fen meadow species Valeriana dioica L
Authors: Rasran Leonid , Eisenmann Cornelia , Wagentristl Regina , Bernhardt Karl-Georg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlant species of the intermediate life strategy type are characteristic for species-rich grasslands, which are sensitive to changes in the level of disturbance. Germination and early establishment of seedlings is expected to be the most crucial stage, limiting the successful colonization of appropriate sites. Valeriana dioica is a typical plant of calcareous fens, which are dependent on regular suppression of strong competitors by means of moderate land use. It is endangered in many parts of Central Europe, including Lower Austria. We studied the effects of light, temperature and pre-treatment (cold stratification) on the germination success of V. dioica seeds and the role of litter produced by different competitors on the early establishment of seedlings. We tested seeds from five populations differing in the level of competition for light and considered also the morphological variability of propagules and maternal plants. We found that V. dioica is able to germinate without light. It showed high germination percentages both under high summer temperatures independent of cold stratification and at low temperatures, but only after the stratification. Litter produced by dicotyledonous forbs was less hampering for the seedlings than that of small sedges or grasses. Valeriana dioica possesses a broad regeneration niche and is able to use gaps for germination and establishment both in spring and in summer. It reproduces successfully in herb-dominated fen meadow vegetation but disappears from reed communities. This study demonstrates the significant plasticity of the regeneration niche for a species with an intermediate life strategy and also stresses the importance of gaps for its reproduction.