bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended dynamical symmetries of Landau levels in higher dimensions
Authors: Kürkçüoğlu S. , Ünal G. , Yurduşen İ. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Continuum models for time-reversal (TR) invariant topological insulators (Tis) in d ≥ 3 dimensions are provided by harmonic oscillators coupled to certain SO(d) gauge fields. These models are equivalent to the presence of spin-orbit (SO) interaction in the oscillator Hamiltonians at a critical coupling strength (equivalent to the harmonic oscillator frequency) and leads to flat Landau Level (LL) spectra and therefore to infinite degeneracy of either the positive or the negative helicity states depending on the sign of the SO coupling. Generalizing the results of [1] to d ≥ 4, we construct vector operators commuting with these Hamiltonians and show that SO(d, 2) emerges as the non-compact extended dynamical symmetry. Focusing on the model in four dimensions, we demonstrate that the infinite degeneracy of the flat spectra can be fully explained in terms of the discrete unitary representations of SO(4,2), i.e. the doubletons. The degeneracy in the opposite helicity branch is finite, but can still be explained exploiting the complex conjugate doubleton representations. Subsequently, the analysis is generalized to d-dimensions, distinguishing the cases of odd and even d. We also determine the spectrum generating algebra in these models and briefly comment on the algebraic organization of the LL states w.r.t. an underlying “deformed” AdS geometry as well as on the organization of the surface states under open boundary conditions in view of our results.
Expectation value of $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$ operator in curved spacetimes
Authors: Jiang Yunfeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the expectation value of the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$
T

T
¯

operator in maximally symmetric spacetimes. We define an diffeomorphism invariant biscalar whose coinciding limit gives the expectation value of the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$
T

T
¯

operator. We show that this biscalar is a constant in flat spacetime, which reproduces Zamolodchikov’s result in 2004. For spacetimes with non-zero curvature, we show that this is no longer true and the expectation value of the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$
T

T
¯

operator depends on both the one- and two-point functions of the stress-energy tensor.
Conformally-regulated direct integration of the two-loop heptagon remainder
Authors: Bourjaily Jacob L. , Volk Matthias , von Hippel Matt 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We reproduce the two-loop seven-point remainder function in planar, maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory by direct integration of conformally-regulated chiral integrands. The remainder function is obtained as part of the two-loop logarithm of the MHV amplitude, the regularized form of which we compute directly in this scheme. We compare the scheme-dependent anomalous dimensions and related quantities in the conformal regulator with those found for the Higgs regulator.
SUSY threshold corrections to quark and lepton mixing inspired by SO (10) GUT models
Authors: Muramatsu Yu , Shigekami Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In the standard model (SM), the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix is the only origin of flavor violations (FVs). On the other hand, in general, there are a lot of sources of the FVs in a physics beyond the SM, through the diagonalizing matrices which make Yukawa matrices diagonal. Although most of the diagonalizing matrices are unknown ones, grand unified theories (GUTs) can fix these matrices. In particular, if we consider a GUT model based on the SO(10) group, these diagonalizing matrices are strongly related to each other because of the matter unification. However, this unification causes the problem on the realization of measured SM fermion masses and mixing angles. Up to now, many people showed that supersymmetric (SUSY) threshold corrections can solve this problem, especially unfavorable fermion mass relations. In this paper, we show that how these SUSY threshold corrections affect unknown diagonalizing matrices. Since these contributions are also related to the FVs induced by SUSY particles, we can estimate the maximal effect to the diagonalizing matrices. We found that the (1, 3) and (3, 1) elements of diagonalizing matrices for quarks can be as large as the corresponding mixing angle of the CKM matrix. Moreover, we found that the higher SUSY scale can predict the larger mixing angles, although strong cancellation between the Higgs mass parameters is needed to realize the electroweak symmetry breaking.
On the Random Wave Conjecture for Dihedral Maaß Forms
Authors: Humphries Peter , Khan Rizwanur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe prove two results on arithmetic quantum chaos for dihedral Maaß forms, both of which are manifestations of Berry’s random wave conjecture: Planck scale mass equidistribution and an asymptotic formula for the fourth moment. For level 1 forms, these results were previously known for Eisenstein series and conditionally on the generalised Lindelöf hypothesis for Hecke–Maaß eigenforms. A key aspect of the proofs is bounds for certain mixed moments of L-functions that imply hybrid subconvexity.
Beobachtungsstudie ärztlicher und pflegerischer Aktivitäten in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Weigl M. , Händl T. , Wehler M. , Schneider A. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundSystematische und vergleichende Analysen der Tätigkeiten des ärztlichen und pflegerischen Personals in der Notaufnahme fehlen für den deutschsprachigen Bereich.Ziel der ArbeitAnalyse der Aktivitäten des pflegerischen und ärztlichen Personals einer Notaufnahme sowie der Anteile direkten Patientenkontakts und stündlicher Tätigkeitswechsel.Material und MethodenTätigkeitsanalysen auf Basis teilnehmender Beobachtungen (je 90 min) bei Pflegekräften und Ärzt*innen einer interdisziplinären Notaufnahme eines süddeutschen Krankenhauses der Maximalversorgung. Beobachtete Tätigkeiten wurden anhand eines Klassifikationssystems mitsamt Zeitdauern kodiert. Insgesamt wurden 160 Einzelbeobachtungen (mit einer Gesamtzeit von ca. 240 h) durchgeführt; 99 bei Pflegekräften sowie 61 bei Ärzt*innen.ErgebnisseNotaufnahmeärzt*innen arbeiten 30 % ihrer Zeit in direktem Patientenkontakt, Pflegekräfte hingegen 44 %. Für die Einzeltätigkeiten entfielen die größten Zeitanteile ärztlicher Tätigkeit auf Dokumentation und Schriftarbeit (29,3 %), interne Kommunikation mit Personal (16,9 %) sowie mit Patient*innen (13,6 %). Pflegekräfte verwenden die meiste Zeit auf therapeutische und Behandlungsaktivitäten (27,6 %) sowie interne Kommunikation (17,9 %). Diese Tätigkeiten waren stark fragmentiert: Im Durchschnitt erfassten wir 41,3 Einzeltätigkeiten pro Stunde mit einer durchschnittlichen Dauer von 1,5 min. Pflegekräfte hatten signifikant kürzere Tätigkeitsdauern als Ärzt*innen (F[df = 1] = 4,5;p = 0,04). Tätigkeitsspezifische Analysen ergaben weitere Professionsunterschiede.DiskussionUnsere Ergebnisse liefern erstmalig fundierte Einsichten in die Verteilung und Dauer von ärztlichen sowie pflegerischen Tätigkeiten in der akutmedizinischen Versorgung in der Notaufnahme. Zukünftige Arbeiten sollten sich insbesondere einhergehenden Auswirkungen auf die Leistungsfähigkeit und Beanspruchung des Personals wie auch der Sicherheit und Qualität der Versorgung widmen.
Does design matter when visualizing Big Data? An empirical study to investigate the effect of visualization type and interaction use
Authors: Perkhofer Lisa , Walchshofer Conny , Hofer Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe need for good visualization is increasing, as data volume and complexity expand. In order to work with high volumes of structured and unstructured data, visualizations, supporting the ability of humans to make perceptual inferences, are of the utmost importance. In this regard, a lot of interactive visualization techniques have been developed in recent years. However, little emphasis has been placed on the evaluation of their usability and, in particular, on design characteristics. This paper contributes to closing this research gap by measuring the effects of appropriate visualization use based on data and task characteristics. Further, we specifically test the feature of interaction as it has been said to be an essential component of Big Data visualizations but scarcely isolated as an independent variable in experimental research. Data collection for the large-scale quantitative experiment was done using crowdsourcing (Amazon Mechanical Turk). The results indicate that both, choosing an appropriate visualization based on task characteristics and using the feature of interaction, increase usability considerably.
Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma
Authors: Hufnagl Karin , Pali-Schöll Isabella , Roth-Walter Franziska , Jensen-Jarolim Erika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWorldwide 300 million children and adults are affected by asthma. The development of asthma is influenced by environmental and other exogenous factors synergizing with genetic predisposition, and shaping the lung microbiome especially during birth and in very early life. The healthy lung microbial composition is characterized by a prevalence of bacteria belonging to the phylaBacteroidetes,Actinobacteria, andFirmicutes. However, viral respiratory infections are associated with an abundance ofProteobacteriawith generaHaemophilusandMoraxellain young children and adult asthmatics. This dysbiosis supports the activation of inflammatory pathways and contributes to bronchoconstriction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Exogenous factors can affect the natural lung microbiota composition positively (farming environment) or negatively (allergens, air pollutants). It is evident that also gut microbiota dysbiosis has a high influence on asthma pathogenesis. Antibiotics, antiulcer medications, and other drugs severely impair gut as well as lung microbiota. Resulting dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity dysregulate the bidirectional crosstalk across the gut-lung axis, resulting in hypersensitivity and hyperreactivity to respiratory and food allergens. Efforts are undertaken to reconstitute the microbiota and immune balance by probiotics and engineered bacteria, but results from human studies do not yet support their efficacy in asthma prevention or treatment. Overall, dysbiosis of gut and lung seem to be critical causes of the increased emergence of asthma.
Atrial inflammation in different atrial fibrillation subtypes and its relation with clinical risk factors
Authors: Wu Linghe , Emmens R. W. , van Wezenbeek J. , Stooker W. , Allaart C. P. , Vonk A. B. A. , van Rossum A. C. , Niessen H. W. M. , Krijnen P. A. J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
Inflammation of the atria is an important factor in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether the extent of atrial inflammation relates with clinical risk factors of AF, however, is largely unknown. This we have studied comparing patients with paroxysmal and long-standing persistent/permanent AF.

Methods
Left atrial tissue was obtained from 50 AF patients (paroxysmal = 20, long-standing persistent/permanent = 30) that underwent a left atrial ablation procedure either or not in combination with coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve surgery. Herein, the numbers of CD45+ and CD3+ inflammatory cells were quantified and correlated with the AF risk factors age, gender, diabetes, and blood CRP levels.

Results
The numbers of CD45+ and CD3+ cells were significantly higher in the adipose tissue of the atria compared with the myocardium in all AF patients but did not differ between AF subtypes. The numbers of CD45+ and CD3+ cells did not relate significantly to gender or diabetes in any of the AF subtypes. However, the inflammatory infiltrates as well as CK-MB and CRP blood levels increased significantly with increasing age in long-standing persistent/permanent AF and a moderate positive correlation was found between the extent of atrial inflammation and the CRP blood levels in both AF subtypes.

Conclusion
The extent of left atrial inflammation in AF patients was not related to the AF risk factors, diabetes and gender, but was associated with increasing age in patients with long-standing persistent/permanent AF. This may be indicative for a role of inflammation in the progression to long-standing persistent/permanent AF with increasing age.

Graphic abstract
Organisation of extracellular matrix proteins laminin and agrin in pericapillary basal laminae in mouse brain
Authors: Hoddevik Eystein Hellstrøm , Rao Shreyas Balachandra , Zahl Soulmaz , Boldt Henning Bünsow , Ottersen Ole Petter , Amiry-Moghaddam Mahmood 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEvidence suggests that extracellular matrix molecules of perivascular basal laminae help orchestrate the molecular assemblies at the gliovascular interface. Specifically, laminin and agrin are thought to tether the dystrophin-associated protein (DAP) complex to the astrocytic basal lamina. This complex includes α-syntrophin (α-Syn), which is believed to anchor aquaporin-4 (AQP4) to astrocytic endfoot membrane domains. We have previously shown that the size of the perivascular AQP4 pool differs considerably between brain regions in an α-Syn-dependent manner. Also, both AQP4 and α-Syn occur at higher densities in endfoot membrane domains facing pericytes than in endfoot membrane domains facing endothelial cells. The heterogeneous distribution of AQP4 at the regional and capillary level has been attributed to a direct interaction between AQP4 and α-Syn. This would be challenged (1) if the microdistributions of laminin and agrin fail to align with those of DAP and AQP4 and (2) if targeted deletion of α-Syn leads to a loss of laminin and/or agrin. Here, we provide the first detailed and quantitative analysis of laminin and agrin in brain basal laminae of mice. We show that the microdistributions of these molecules vary in a fashion that is well aligned with the previously reported microdistribution of AQP4. We also demonstrate that the expression patterns of laminin and agrin are insensitive to targeted deletion of α-Syn, suggesting that α-Syn deletion affects AQP4 directly and not indirectly via laminin or agrin. These data fill remaining voids in the current model of how key molecules are assembled and tethered at the gliovascular interface.
Ein Klumpfuß bis zur Pubertät
Authors: Kraus Tanja 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Klumpfuß gehört zu den häufigsten angeborenen Fehlbildungen. Buben sind häufiger betroffen als Mädchen – in etwa 40% tritt ein Klumpfuß bilateral auf. Mit der Ponseti-Therapie können über 90% der Klumpfüße erfolgreich und überwiegend konservativ korrigiert werden. Die Ponseti-Therapie gilt heute als weltweiter Goldstandard. Ziel ist ein plantigrader, schmerzfreier, gut beweglicher Fuß. Im Folgenden wird über eine Patientin mit congenitalem Klumpfuß im Langzeitverlauf berichtet.
A Mutualism Between Unattached Coralline Algae and Seagrasses Prevents Overgrazing by Sea Turtles
Authors: Leemans Luuk , Martínez Isis , van der Heide Tjisse , van Katwijk Marieke M. , van Tussenbroek Brigitta I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeagrass meadows are threatened biodiversity hot spots that provide essential ecosystem services. Green sea turtles may overgraze meadows, further enhancing seagrass decline. However, we observed an unexpected, remarkable recovery of seagrasses in a previously overgrazed meadow with abundant unattached branched coralline algae, suggesting that turtle grazing had ceased. We hypothesize that this recovery is due to an effective grazing-protection mutualism, in which the spiny coralline algae structures protect the seagrass meadows from overgrazing, while the seagrasses protect the algae from removal by currents and waves. Removing coralline algae from recovered seagrass plots allowed the turtles to resume grazing, while addition of coralline algae to grazed plots caused cessation of grazing. Coralline algae that were placed on bare sand were quickly displaced by wave action, whereas those placed in grazed or ungrazed seagrass remained. Our experiments demonstrate a grazing-protection mutualism, which likely explains the witnessed recovery of an overgrazed seagrass meadow. To our knowledge, this is the first account of a plant–plant grazing-protection mutualism in an aquatic environment. Our findings show that grazing-protection mutualisms can be vital for the maintenance and recovery of ecosystems shaped by habitat-structuring foundation species, and highlight the importance of mutualisms in coastal ecosystems. As seagrasses, sea turtles and coralline algae share habitats along tropical shores worldwide, the mutualism may be a global phenomenon. Overgrazing is expected to increase, and this mutualism adds a new perspective to the conservation and restoration of these valuable ecosystems.
On norm compression inequalities for partitioned block tensors
Authors: Li Zhening , Zhao Yun-Bin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen a tensor is partitioned into subtensors, some tensor norms of these subtensors form a tensor called a norm compression tensor. Norm compression inequalities for tensors focus on the relation of the norm of this compressed tensor to the norm of the original tensor. We prove that for the tensor spectral norm, the norm of the compressed tensor is an upper bound of the norm of the original tensor. This result can be extended to a general class of tensor spectral norms. We discuss various applications of norm compression inequalities for tensors. These inequalities improve many existing bounds of tensor norms in the literature, in particular tightening the general bound of the tensor spectral norm via tensor partitions. We study the extremal ratio between the spectral norm and the Frobenius norm of a tensor space, provide a general way to estimate its upper bound, and in particular, improve the current best upper bound for third order nonnegative tensors and symmetric tensors. We also propose a faster approach to estimate the spectral norm of a large tensor or matrix via sequential norm compression inequalities with theoretical and numerical evidence. For instance, the complexity of our algorithm for the matrix spectral norm is$$O\left( n^{2+\epsilon }\right) $$On2+ϵwhere$$\epsilon $$ϵranges from 0 to 1 depending on the partition and the estimate ranges correspondingly from some close upper bound to the exact spectral norm.
Influence of Anaerobic Digestion Processes on the Germination of Weed Seeds
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Hülsemann Benedikt , Merkle Wolfgang , Guo Jianbin , Dong Renjie , Piepho Hans-Peter , Gerhards Roland , Müller Joachim , Oechsner Hans 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnaerobic digestion (AD) produces bioenergy and bio-fertilizer. However, weed seeds can contaminate the substrates for biogas production. This work assesses seed viability of four weeds species origin from Germany and China under AD conditions at 37, 42 and 52 °C with different retention times. All investigated seeds were inactivated after 12 h at 52 °C, 128 h at 42 °C and 512 h at 37 °C under AD treatment. Inactivation duration varying between species and a global test showed that the countries of seeds origin have a significant effect on inactivation times. For two species, by contrast, short treatment times increased the germination rate which increases the risk of weed dispersal. An anoxic water bath treatment with identical temperatures resulted in longer deactivation times, indicating that other factors also play a role in the weed seeds elimination. The results indicate that the risk of weed seed spreading through digestate application can be minimized by an adequate retention time.
The use of aminated cotton fibers as an unconventional sorbent to remove anionic dyes from aqueous solutions
Authors: Jóźwiak Tomasz , Filipkowska Urszula , Brym Szczepan , Zyśk Malwina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the sorption of anionic dyes (Reactive Black 5, Reactive Yellow 84, Acid Red 18, and Acid Yellow 23) by cotton fibers aminated with epichlorohydrin and ammonia water (ACFs) as well by unmodified cotton fibers (CFs). CFs and ACFs were characterized based on FTIR, elemental analysis (C/N content) and pHPZC. The effect of solution pH (pH 2–11) and contact time on the removal of dye was studied as well. The kinetic experimental data were fitted to pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion model. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed based on Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The efficiency of dye sorption on CFs was the most effective at pH 2, whereas on ACFs—at pH 3–4. ACFs and CFs changed the pH value of the sorption solution. The system tended to obtain a pH value close to the pHPZC value of the sorbent (pHPZC = 7.85 for CFs/pHPZC = 8.15 for ACFs). ACFs had a shorter dye sorption equilibrium time compared to the CFs. The sorption of dyes on cotton sorbents proceeded in 2 main phases. The best match to the experimental data was shown by the pseudo-secondary model. Having amine functional groups, the ACFs ensured far better sorption of anionic dyes than CFs did. The maximum Reactive Black 5 sorption capacity of ACFs was Qmax = 36.77 mg/g, which was 1240% higher than that of CFs (Qmax = 2.74 mg/g).
Phytohormone profiles are strongly altered during induction and symptom development of the physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel in grapevine
Authors: Griesser Michaela , Savoi Stefania , Supapvanich Suriyan , Dobrev Petre , Vankova Radomira , Forneck Astrid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe process of grape berry ripening follows three phases with distinct metabolic processes and complex regulations via phytohormones. The physiological ripening disorder berry shrivel (BS) is characterized by reduced sugar accumulation, low anthocyanin contents, and high acidity in affected berries. The processes leading to BS induction are unknown, but recent transcriptional data on reduced expression of switch genes hint towards a disturbed ripening onset. Herein we investigated the phytohormone composition throughout grape berry ripening in healthy and BS berries inVitis viniferaL. cultivar Blauer Zweigelt. Thereby we hypothesize that phytohormones are key players for BS induction and suppress the expression of switch genes at veraison. The presented metabolomics and RNAseq data describe two distinct phytohormone profiles in BS berries, differing between pre- and post-veraison with a clear ethylene precursor (aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, ACC) peak before veraison. Exogenous application of ACC led to BS symptoms, while ethephone application led to berry abscission. During post-veraison, we observed high ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) and low indole-3-acetate aspartate (IAA-Asp) and isopentenyladenine (iP) contents in BS berries and the transcriptional induction of several phytohormone pathways. The presented descriptive data provide valuable knowledge to further decipher the role of phytohormones in BS induction and BS symptom development.