bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe combined cardiac and neuromuscular toxicity from immune checkpoint blockade: an institutional case series
Authors: Arora Puja , Talamo Laura , Dillon Patrick , Gentzler Ryan D. , Millard Trish , Salerno Michael , Slingluff Craig L. , Gaughan Elizabeth M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibition is part of standard systemic management for many advanced malignancies. Toxicities from this treatment approach are unpredictable, though usually reversible with management per established guidelines. Some patients suffer major morbidity and treatment-related mortality from these agents in an unpredictable manner. Cardiac and neurologic complications are rare, but can result in serious clinical consequences.

Methods
We describe the presentation, management, and outcomes of eight sequential cases of combined cardiac and neurologic toxicities resulting in severe illness and demonstrating lack of rapid response to immunosuppression.

Results
Our cohort consisted of six males and two females with an average age of 73.5 years (61–89 years). There were four patients with melanoma, and one patient each with urothelial carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. Four patients received combination immunotherapy and four patients received monotherapy. The median time to presentation from treatment initiation was 27 days (11–132 days). All patients had a cardiovascular and neurologic toxicity, and most had hepatitis and myositis. The cardiac signs and symptoms were the prominent initial features of the clinical presentation. Each patient was managed by a multidisciplinary team and received a range of immunosuppressive agents. All patients died as a consequence of the immune related adverse events.

Conclusions
The evaluation of patients with cardiac adverse events from immunotherapy, should include assessment of overlapping toxicities such as myasthenia gravis and myositis. Providers should be aware of the potential for an extended duration of disability and slow improvement for certain toxicities as these expectations may factor prominently in goals of care decisions.
Seasonal food habits of the four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis de Blainville, 1816) in tropical deciduous forests of Aravalli mountain range, Rajasthan, Western India
Authors: Meghwal Ramchandra , Bhatnagar Chhaya , Koli Vijay Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Feeding strategies assessment of endangered species during food limited seasons is important in order to understand their niche and advise effective habitat management steps. We assessed the four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) seasonal diet from April 2014 to March 2015, in three wildlife sanctuaries in western India, namely, Sitamata, Kumbhalgarh, and Phulwari-ki-nal Wildlife Sanctuaries. Opportunistic focal animal sampling method was used in five 1 km paths in each sanctuary to take feeding observations. Each transect was walked three times a day (morning 06:00-10:00 h; mid-day 10:00-14:00 h; evening 15:00-18:00 h), 1 day a month, during 12 months, with a total of 540 surveys divided between 15 paths. The diet data was categorized into different plant categories.

Results
A total of 532 feeding records from 85 animal sightings were noted with a mean (± SD) of 14.78 ± 10.04 feeding records/month. Feeding was observed on 63 plant species belonging to 23 families. The highest feeding records noted were on trees (60.91%) in the diet followed by shrubs (20.49%), grasses (16.92%), forbs (1.50%), and climbers (0.18%) respectively. Most of the plant species consumed were from Fabaceae (n = 17) and Poaceae (n = 12) families. The overall browse-grass ratio was 83.08-16.92% (88.02-11.98% for Sitamata WLS; 82.11-17.89% for Kumbhalgarh WLS; 79.10-20.90% for Phulwari-ki-nal WLS). Leaves were the most consumed part of the plants (64.10%), followed by dry fruit (16.55%), fleshy fruit (13.34%), flowers (2.82%), buds (2.06%), and twigs (1.13%) respectively. Use of fleshy fruits, dry fruits, and trees showed significant seasonal dietary difference (P < 0.05) in all three sanctuaries.

Conclusions
Tetracerus quadricornis was found to consume more browse species than grasses. We recommend conservation and promotion of natural plant regeneration, in particular for the plant species that were the most consumed by four-horned antelope, namely, Aristida adscensionis, Dendrocalamus strictus, Dichrostachys cinerea, Acacia leucophloea, Butea monosperma, Helicteres isora, Ziziphus nummularia, and Ziziphus xylopyrus. Conservation of grassland patches, minimizing local pressure, and planning, construction, and maintenance of fire lines prior to timing of forest fires would help to protected T. quadricornis habitat in all three sanctuaries.
Uterine Scarring Leads to Adverse Pregnant Consequences by Impairing the Endometrium Response to Steroids
Authors: Li Zhilang , Bian Xiaotao , Ma Yeling , Yang Qian , Jia Wentong , Liu Juan , Wang Feiyang , Liu Ming , Li Yu-Xia , Shao Xuan , Wang Yan-Ling 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Uterine surgical scarring is an increasing risk factor for adverse pregnant consequences that threaten fetal-maternal health. The detailed molecular features of scar implantation remain largely unknown. We aim to study the pathologic features of uterine surgical scarring and the mechanisms of compromised pregnancy outcomes of scar implantation. We generated a mouse model of uterine surgical scarring with a uterine incision penetrating the myometrium to endometrium to examine the pathologic changes and transcriptome profiles of uterine scarring at various postsurgery (PS) time points, as well as features of the feto-maternal interface during scar implantation. We found that uterine surgical scar recovery was consistently poor at PS3 until PS90, as shown by a reduced number of endometrial glands, inhibition of myometrial smooth muscle cell growth but excessive collagen fiber deposition, and massive leukocyte infiltration. Transcriptome annotation indicated significant chronic inflammation at the scarring site. At the peri-implantation and postimplantation stages, abnormal expression of various steroid-responsive genes at the scarring site was in parallel with lumen epithelial cell hyperplasia, inappropriate luminal closure, and disorientation of the implanted embryo, restricted stromal cell proliferation, and defective decidualization. High embryonic lethality (around 70%) before E10.5 was observed, and the small amount of survival embryos at E10.5 exhibited restricted growth and aberrant placenta defects including overinvasion of trophoblast cells into the decidua and insufficient fetal blood vessel branching in the labyrinth. The findings indicate that chronic inflammation and compromised responses to steroids in uterine scar tissues are the pivotal molecular basis for adverse pregnancy consequences of scar implantation.
Functional evidence that Activin/Nodal signaling is required for establishing the dorsal-ventral axis in the annelid Capitella teleta
Authors: Lanza Alexis R. , Seaver Elaine C. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The TGF-β superfamily comprises two distinct branches: the Activin/Nodal and BMP pathways. During development, signaling by this superfamily regulates a variety of embryological processes, and it has a conserved role in patterning the dorsal-ventral body axis. Recent studies show that BMP signaling establishes the dorsal-ventral axis in some mollusks. However, previous pharmacological inhibition studies in the annelid Capitella teleta, a sister clade to the mollusks, suggests that the dorsal-ventral axis is patterned via Activin/Nodal signaling. Here, we determine the role of both the Activin/Nodal and BMP pathways as they function in Capitella axis patterning. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides were targeted to Ct-Smad2/3 and Ct-Smad1/5/8, transcription factors specific to the Activin/Nodal and BMP pathways, respectively. Following microinjection of zygotes, resulting morphant larvae were scored for axial anomalies. We demonstrate that the Activin/Nodal pathway of the TGF-β superfamily, but not the BMP pathway, is the primary dorsal-ventral patterning signal in Capitella. These results demonstrate variation in the molecular control of axis patterning across spiralians, despite sharing a conserved cleavage program. We suggest that these findings represent an example of developmental system drift.
Comparison of the clinical application values of PCT, hs-CRP and SAA detection in the early diagnosis of sepsis
Authors: Sui Yuan-da , Xin Wei-na , Feng Lin-lin 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To investigate the clinical application values of procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the early diagnosis of sepsis.
Methods: In this retrospective analysis, 36 patients admitted to Liaocheng People’s Hospital were selected from May 2018 to July 2019. According to infectious disease diagnostic criteria, 17 patients were confirmed to have sepsis (observation group), and 19 patients were determined to be nonseptic (control group). The levels of PCT, CRP and SAA of patients were detected on admission, and the clinical application values of PCT, CRP and SAA for sepsis were compared.
Results: Seventeen patients were included in the observation group, including 9 males and 8 females, with an average age of 52.18 ± 9.49 years; 19 patients were included in the control group, including 12 males and 7 females, with an average age of 51.53 ± 8.50 years. On admission, there were significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) count (t = 5.134), neutrophil count (t = 3.143), lymphocyte count (t = 2.510), PCT (t = 9.250), hs-CRP (t = 2.947) and SAA (t = 11.360) between the observation group and the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. For the comparison of clinical application values: the sensitivity of PCT, hs-CRP and SAA was 78.95%, 52.17% and 50.00%, respectively; the specificity of PCT, hs-CRP and SAA was 88.24%, 61.54% and 37.50%, respectively; the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PCT, hs-CRP and SAA was 0.920, 0.684 and 0.870, respectively; the logistic regression coefficient of PCT, hs-CRP and SAA was -0.577, -0.028 and -0.009, respectively; and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of PCT, hs-CRP and SAA was 0.779-0.985, 0.508-0.828 and 0.716-0.958, respectively.
Conclusion: Compared with hs-CRP and SAA, PCT had a higher clinical application value for sepsis, and PCT could be used as a reliable index for the early diagnosis of sepsis.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2544
How to cite this:Sui Y, Xin W, Feng L. Comparison of the clinical application values of PCT, hs-CRP and SAA detection in the early diagnosis of sepsis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1683-1687. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2544
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
COVID-19 outbreak, disruption of dental education, and the role of teledentistry
Authors: Farooq Imran , Ali Saqib , Moheet Imran Alam , AlHumaid Jehan 
Published: September 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the whole world and has now been declared a Pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the mortality rate of this virus is low, it is especially potent against people with underlying systemic conditions. Dentistry is a profession where the doctor, as well as the dental staff, works in close vicinity to the patient’s mouth. Dental education has two core components; didactic and clinical training (including patient care). Dental education has been interrupted in the past due to certain events (Arab Spring and SARS outbreak). Currently, the pandemic of COVID-19 has disrupted dental education globally as most of the dental schools and universities in the world have closed amidst the COVID-19 outbreak. Teledentistry is a subspecialty of telemedicine that helps in the provision of educational activities, advice, and diagnosis about treatment over a distance with the help of technology like video conferencing. The current overview summarizes the potential role of teledentistry in continuing the dental educational process in terms of delivery of didactic components, clinical training, and patient care. It can be concluded that with modern updated devices and tools, teledentistry can be an effective way to prevent disruption of dental education and it can be utilized in continuing the dental educational process in this critical time of the COVID-19 outbreak.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3125
How to cite this:Farooq I, Ali S, Moheet IA, AlHumaid J. COVID-19 outbreak, disruption of dental education, and the role of teledentistry. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1726-1731. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3125
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comprehensive Survey of Plagiarism in Iran
Authors: Rokni Mohammad Bagher , Bizhani Negar , HABIBZADEH Farrokh , DANESHVAR FARHUD Dariush , MOHAMMADI Neda , ALIZADEH Ahad , ROKNI Ladan 
Published: September 2020

Background and Objective: We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of plagiarism and to shed light on some dark aspects of this issue. The main objectives included to find out the etiology, prevalence, and detection of various forms plagiarism.
Methods: In this Cross-sectional study we used a questionnaire, face-to-face interview, analyzing the present notifications and codes, websites, and literature review. The current study was conducted throughout Iran from 2017-2018. Those associated with scientific journalism, academic staffs, and authors were interviewed or asked to fill out a prepared questionnaire.
Results: Nine hundred seventy nine questionnaires were circulated. Out of this 706 (72.1%) were completed and returned. Those with a master degree were most cooperative in filling out the questionnaires (36.4%); followed by Assistant Professors (29.6%). About 74.1% of respondents, had not participated in any educational workshops on plagiarism (P<0.001) while 10.8% had not heard anything about plagiarism (P<0.001). As regards correct reply as for definition and detecting plagiarism; 91.1%, 40.8%, 48.4% and 57.9% could reply correctly (P<0.001). Forty-one-point one percent of the participants believed that reprimand would be the best punishment. The percentage of plagiarism as per people associated in journal administration, was 22.9%; based on experts’ opinions, it was 30.0%; and based on analysis of some journals published in Iran, it was 25.5%.
Conclusion: We found a noticeable prevalence of plagiarism in Iran. Many factors are involved in this misconduct; most important being the need for academic staff and students to publish e more papers regardless of their quality to meet some of the academic requirements. Considering the high rank of Iran in terms of scientific growth worldwide, it is expected from the regulatory authorities to monitor all aspects of scientific misconducts in medical journalism.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3456
How to cite this:Rokni MB, Bizhani N, Habibzadeh F, Farhud DD, Mohammadi N, Alizadeh A, et al. Comprehensive Survey of Plagiarism in Iran. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1441-1448. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.3456
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Implementing enhanced patient education for surgical site infection prevention in cardiac surgery
Authors: Rochon Melissa , Magboo Rosalie , Barlow Carol , Ibrahim Sammra , Carruthers Lena , Pagett Jane , Morais Carlos , Silva Elizabeth 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:Photo at Discharge (PaD) is a nurse-led discharge strategy for enhanced wound care information for patients and healthcare providers. The purpose of this study is to describe implementation of PaD in three English cardiac centres.Methods:A prospective, cross-sectional design was used to evaluate implementation fidelity and sustainability of PaD on various geographical settings.Results:Three out of four hospitals (75%) approached agreed to complete surveys on implementation fidelity. Implementing the IT component took an average of 16 months (range 11–21 months). Across the three sites, 474 nursing staff have received training on PaD. Since implementing, a combined total of 9007 patients have received PaD. A 1-month compliance snapshot indicated mean of 96% (range 92–100%).Conclusions:PaD requires collaborative working, a change in behaviour and a change to the service. Despite these challenges, fidelity and sustainability scores across the sites were high. The findings from this study may help to increase implementation quality and dissemination of PaD.
Ulnar tunnel syndrome: pathoanatomy, clinical features and management
Authors: Scarborough Alexander , MacFarlane Robert J , Mehta Nisarg , Smith Gillian D 
Published: September 2020

Ulnar tunnel syndrome is compression of the ulnar nerve at the level of the wrist within Guyon's canal. It is most commonly caused by a ganglion cyst but may also be secondary to fractures, inflammatory conditions, neoplasm, vascular anomalies, aberrant musculature or a combination of these.Assessment should include a detailed history focusing on duration, site and progression of symptoms. The level of compression can be estimated clinically on examination by assessing motor and sensory changes in the hand.Investigations are used to confirm diagnosis or to clarify the underlying cause. X-rays and computed tomography can be used to exclude fractures. Ultrasound is used to diagnose ganglion cysts and vascular anomalies, and can localise the level of compression. Nerve conduction studies can be used to support the diagnosis and look for proximal compression.Mild symptoms can be managed non-operatively. Surgical exploration and decompression is the gold standard treatment for neuro-compressive causes with largely good outcomes.
Practical interrogation scheme for the abrupt taper Mach–Zehnder interferometer refractive index sensor
Authors: Gong Xiaoyu , Yam Scott S.-H. 
Published: September 2020

A practical interrogation scheme of a refractive index (RI) sensing system based on the abrupt fiber taper Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor is designed, implemented, and demonstrated by experiment. The broadband light source and optical spectrum analyzer in the conventional design are replaced by two single-wavelength laser diodes modulated by a periodical square waveform and a simple photodetector (PD), which can significantly lower the cost and lead to easier integration. The photocurrent of the PD output signal is used as the indicator of the surrounding RI. Automatic data acquisition and processing is realized by LabVIEW programming. The experiment proves the feasibility of the new scheme and shows a high sensitivity (2371 mV/RIU) and high stability.
High-efficiency full-surface defects detection for an ICF capsule based on a null interferometric microscope
Authors: Wei Cong , Li Jianxin , Ma Jun , Duan Mingliang , Zong Yi , Miao Xinyu , Zhu Rihong , Yuan Caojin , Gao Dangzhong , Wang Zongwei 
Published: September 2020

Laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) triggers a nuclear fusion reaction via the evenly compressed capsule containing deuterium tritium fuel with a high-power laser. However, isolated defects on the surface of the capsules reduce the probability of ignition. In this paper, we present a full-surface defects detection method based on a null interferometric microscope (NIM) to achieve high-precision, high-efficiency, and full-surface defects detection on ICF capsules. A dynamic phase-shifting module is applied to the NIM to achieve a single-shot measurement in a single subaperture. With the capsule controlling system, the capsule is rotated and scanned along a planned lattice to get all subapertures measured. The eccentricity error can be measured from wavefront aberrations and compensated online to guarantee the measurement accuracy during the scanning process. After the scanning process, all of the surface defects are identified on the full-surface map. Theories and experimental results indicate that for the capsule with 875-µm-diameter, the lateral resolution could reach 0.7 µm and the measurement time is less than 1 h. The number of sampling points can reach about 50 million. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed system is the first to achieve full-surface defects detection of ICF capsules with such high efficiency and high resolution at the same time.
Three-Dimensional-Printed Liver Model Helps Learners Identify Hepatic Subsegments: A Randomized-Controlled Cross-Over Trial
Authors: Chedid Victor G. , Kamath Amika A. , M. Knudsen John , Frimannsdottir Katrin , Yost Kathleen J. , R. Geske Jennifer , Morris Jonathan M. , Taner Timucin , Matsumoto Jane M. , Kamath Patrick S. 
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The purpose of this study was to find out whether 3-dimensional (3D)–printed models improved the learners' ability to identify liver segments.

METHODS:
A total of 116 physicians from 3 disciplines were tested in a cross-over trial at baseline and after teaching with 3D models and 2-dimensional (2D) images. Adjusted multilevel-mixed models were used to compare scores at baseline and after 3D and 2D.

RESULTS:
Accuracy in identifying hepatic segments was higher with 3D first than 2D (77% vs 69%; P = 0.05) and not significantly improved by a combination of 3D and 2D. Increased confidence in segment identification was highest in trainees after 3D (P = 0.04).

DISCUSSION:
3D-printed models facilitate learning hepatic segmental anatomy.
PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN MUTHOLA’AH DI MA IBNUL QOYYIM PUTRI KELAS TAKHASUS TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019 (ditinjau dari kemampuan tarjamah)
Authors: Dewi Nuraeni  , Adzfar Ammar  
Published: September 2020

This research is motivated by the lack of reading and translating ability and the lack of utilizing attractive learning methods. Muthola'ah learning requires careful reading skills and Tarjamah learning methods to be able to understand the meaning contained in muthola'ah text. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the muthola’ah learning process in the takhasus class in order to be a new reference material for muthola’ah subject teachers at MA Ibnul Qoyyim Putri. This research is a qualitative field research, with data collection methods using observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. The number of students who took the tarjamah test was 18 students. The results showed that the muthola’ah subjects in the takhasus class for the students were, contributing more that with muthola’ah learning could increase students' understanding of Arabic learning, adding vocabulary as provisions to enter the next higher class. The skills achieved with muthola’ah learning include speaking, listening and writing skills. In terms of tarjamah ability, this muthola'ah subject indeed concluded that although teachers often translate from Arabic to Arabic, students can translate into Indonesian with tarjamah lafzhiyah and tahdluriyah types from three written tarjamah tests with the weight of tarjamah question sheets that are different and increase from meeting to meeting. The test results reached an average grade of 95.2. While the tarjamah fauriyah takhasus students test results reached an average grade of 82.8.
Keywords: Muthola’ah, Tarjamah, MA Ibnul Qoyyim Putri.