bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menakar Ideologi Republik Islam Iran: Kontestasi Antara Ideologi dan Pragmatisme dalam Politik
Authors: Riza A. Kemal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Iran declared as an Islamic state since its 1979 Islamic revolution. Since leadership of Ayatullah Khomeini, Islamic ideology has been carried out in all levels of the state. In politics, it was conducted by creating wilayah al-faqih, in which the ulama plays important and decisive role. Iran even tried to expand this ideology outside its border, especially in areas with considerable number of Shiâ€™i population. However, in its practice, the implementation of this Islamic ideology should also accommodate pragmatism and other aspects that contradict that ideology, namely nationalism and cultural pluralism. In politics, this is reflected by the emergence of ideologists and reformists-pragmatists. This dichotomy can be witnessed in presidential elections. While Ali Khamenei and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad are considered ideologists, Ali Akbar Rafsanjani, Muhammad Khatami and Hassan Rouhani are reformists-pragmatists. Ideological expansion which was proven backfired was also put on halt. In social-cultural expression of the society, there is growing trend to identify Iran using pre-Islamic symbols. This is happen mostly among younger generation who do not take part in the 1979 revolution.
Abstrak: Iran adalah sebuah negara yang mengumumkan sebagai Negara Islam modern sejak revolusi Islam di tahun 1979. Di bawah kepemimpinan Ayatullah Khomeini, ideologi Islam dilaksanakan dalam berbagai cara dan mekanisme, antara lain kepemimpinan ulama (wilÃ¢yah al-faqÃ®h) yang tercermin dalam peran sentral ulama dalam politik kenegaraan dan implementasi besar-besaran nilai-nilai keislaman dalam politik dan kehidupan sosial. Iran bahkan berusaha melakukan ekspansi ideologi Islam mereka ke wilayah-wilayah Islam lainnya, khususnya yang memiliki paham Syiâ€™ah yang sama. Akan tetapi, dalam praktiknya upaya ini tidak dapat dilaksanakan secara murni tanpa akomodasi terhadap pragmatisme politik. Dalam politik kenegaraan, hal ini tercermin dengan kemunculan kelompok ideologis dan pragmatis-reformis dalam politik, diantaranya dalam pemilihan presiden. Beberapa presiden Iran tergolong ideologis seperti Ali Khamenei dan Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, sedangkan Ali Akbar Rafsanjani, Muhammad Khatami dan presiden saat ini Hassan Rouhani termasuk reformis-pragmatis. Ekspansi ideologis yang tidak menghasilkan apa-apa kecuali resistensi juga nampak dibatasi. Dalam kehidupan sosial, semakin banyak kecenderungan masyarakat Iran untuk menonjolkan identitas Persia pra-Islam, khususnya di kalangan generasi muda yang tidak berpartisipasi dalam revolusi Iran di tahun 1979.
Menyisipkan Politik Hukum Dalam Sosialisasi Norma Islam Ke Dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional
Authors: Rozaq Jeje Abdul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Struggle to establish a sovereign state for Indonesian Muslims is final. It just fills the empty space with the various regulations needed to manage the country in a healthy way and to protect the entire people of Indonesia has not been incomplete. To solve the problems need a lot of time and energy. As a majority, Muslims have a responsibility to maintain the existence of the sovereign state of Indonesia as the application of the Islamic teachings. Synergizing between the execution of religious guidance and filling various regulations needed to manage the country are not easy, since it takes approach, strategy, and persistence in argument. That is why the legal politics is a necessity. There are at least three factors that support the Islamic law in Indonesia, namely some Islamic political parties, Islamic organizations, and formal and informal educational institutions. They can fight in the legislative space and promote themselves in the community so that Islamic norms can be inserted in various policies applied in their respective areas. Thus, Islamic norms will continue to grow in society and will not fade.
Abstrak: Perjuangan mendirikan negara yang berdaulat sudah final dilakukan oleh umat Islam Indonesia. Namun, mengisi ruang kosong dengan berbagai peraturan yang dibutuhkan untuk mengelola negara secara sehat dan melindungi seluruh rakyat Indonesia belum selesai. Untuk menuntaskan hal tersebut, membutuhkan waktu dan menguras energi. Umat Islam sebagai penghuni mayoritas punya tanggung jawab untuk mempertahankan eksistensi negara Indonesia yang sudah berdaulat tersebut, dengan tidak melupakan tanggung jawabnya sebagai orang yang beriman agar menjalankan ajaran Islam. Mensinergikan antara pelaksanaan tuntunan agama dan mengisi kekosongan berbagai peraturan yang dibutuhkan dalam mengelola negara ternyata tidak mudah, butuh pendekatan, strategi seni dan kegigihan dalam berargumen. Itulah sebabnya politik hukum sebuah keniscayaan. Sudah ada tiga faktor penopang hukum Islam di Indonesia, yaitu partai politik berbasis ideologi keislaman, organisasi masyarakat keagamaan umat Islam dan berbagai lembaga pendidikan baik formal maupun informal. Mereka dapat berjuang di ruang legislasi dan mempromosikan diri di masyarakat agar norma-norma Islam dapat disisipkan dalam berbagai kebijakan yang diterapkan di wilayah masing-masing. Dengan demikian, norma-norma Islam akan terus tumbuh di masyarakat dan tidak akan luntur.
Perlindungan Hukum Atas Kriminalisasi Terhadap Notaris
Authors: The Felix , Kawuryan Endang Sri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: The need for authentic deed making is increasing year by year in line with the proportional to the need for notary services. In carrying out his profession, the notary is required to be thorough and careful, given the notaryâ€™s responsibility is very large and binding. Facts that currently occur in practice, it turns out not only the parties who become victim, but the notary is now often a victim of punishment. Therefore, a notary must obtain legal protection against him/her. Legal efforts must be pursued in order to achieve a truth and justice for a clean notary. Inconsistencies that occur in society and things that happen outside the rules of law becomes a gap to make a notary do a criminal act. The notary must play an active role as a good general official to anticipate and create an engagement in society especially in this globalization age. Therefore, the existence of applicable law must be able to provide a light for the notary profession.
Abstrak: Kebutuhan dalam pembuatan akta autentik semakin meningkat tahun demi tahun, berbanding lurus dengan kebutuhan terhadap jasa notaris. Dalam menjalankan profesinya, notaris dituntut untuk teliti dan cermat, mengingat tanggung jawab notaris sangat besar dan bersifat mengikat. Fakta yang saat ini banyak terjadi di lapangan, ternyata tidak hanya para penghadap atau para pihak saja yang menjadi korban, akan tetapi notaris kini seringkali menjadi korban pemidanaan. Oleh karena itu, notaris harus mendapatkan perlindungan hukum atas dirinya. Upaya-upaya hukum harus ditempuh demi mencapai suatu kebenaran dan keadilan bagi notaris yang bersih. Inkonsistensi yang terjadi di masyarakat serta hal-hal yang terjadi di luar aturan hukum yang berlaku di masyarakat yang menjadi celah untuk menjadikan notaris melakukan perbuatan pidana. Notaris harus berperan aktif sebagai pejabat umum yang baik untuk mengantisipasi dan membuat suatu perikatan di masyarakat terutama di zaman globalisasi ini. Maka dari itu, eksistensi hukum yang berlaku harus dapat memberikan jalan terang bagi profesi notaris.
Resolusi Jihad di Indonesia Perspektif Ketatanegaraan dalam Al- Qurâ€™an
Authors: Makinudin Makinudin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: This article discusses Resolusi Jihad issued by KH Hasyim Asyâ€™ari in 1945 from the perspective of tafsir (Quran interpretation). Among the verses that order to establish Islamic state and defend it are QS. 24: 55; 8: 60; 2: 190-191); 22: 39-40. These verses become justifications to oust colonial power from Indonesia which resulted in proclamation of independence on 17th of August 1945. The returning Dutch were resisted. KH. Hasyim Asyâ€™ari issued a fatwa on 17th of September 1095 that defending newly proclaimed independent Indonesia is a religious duty and considered as jihad (holy war) after the question was posed by Soekarno, the president. This fatwa then was reinforced as Resolusi Jihad on 22nd of October 1945. The Quran does not explain clearly about the necessity to establish an Islamic state. Instead, it only stipulates principles of governance so that the maxim of mÃ¢ lÃ¢ yatim al-wÃ¢jib illÃ¢ bih fa huwa wÃ¢jib or al-amr bi al-syayâ€™ amr bi wasÃ¢ilihi is employed. (2) the Quran order muslims to oust and resist colonial power because this colonial power had done injustice, exploitation, and crimes against indigenous muslim population. 3). Resolusi Jihad is an inevitability for a free nation to defend freedom. It has become religiously obligatory to defend nation as it is stipulated in the Quran, especially QS. 2: 190-191 and 8: 60.
Key words: Jihad, Resolusi Jihad, tafsir al-Qurâ€™an
Jual Beli Benda Wakaf Untuk Pembangunan Masjid Istiqlal di Desa Palengaan Daja Pamekasan
Authors: Suyudi Mohammad , Hariyanto Erie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: Muslim jurists agree that selling waqf property is forbidden A case happened when concrete pillars of a waqf mosque was sold in a mosque called Istiqlal in Daja village. The pillars were initially planned to be installed during rebuilding of the mosque. The research discovered that this pillar originated from charity. These pillars were re-sold to collect more fund from community to continue the rebuilding. Majority of sunni schools of law (Shafii, Maliki and Hanbali) view that such transaction is forbidden because there is no valid reason for selling the pillar. In addition, the seller is not the rightful person to do so. Meanwhile, Hanafi jurists allow such practice as long as all requirements are met, especially the availability of replacement property as well as fulfilment of all terms and conditions of selling.
Key words: Waqf, selling property, mosque
Persepsi Akademisi Muslim Di Kota Metro Terhadap Ajaran Mendirikan Negara Islam
Authors: Santoso Dri , Nasrudin Muhamad 
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana persepsi akademisi muslim di Kota Metro terhadap ajaran kewajiban mendirikan negara Islam di Indonesia. Kajian ini melibatkan akademisi dari empat Perguruan Tinggi (PT) di Kota Metro. Empat PT ini diambil dengan preferensi dan afiliasi ormas, yakni: Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, dan dua PT yang netral. Akademisi yang dipilih adalah mereka yang memiliki posisi struktural cukup penting di kampus dan posisi yang juga penting dalam struktur sosial di lingkungan masing-masing. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam. Hasilnya, persepsi akademisi terhadap negara-bangsa Indonesia adalah positif. Sebaliknya persepsi cenderung negatif atau menolak ajaran kewajiban mendirikan negara Islam. Bagi mereka, negara-bangsa Indonesia adalah bentuk final dan ideal. Selain itu, Islam dinilai tidak mengatur rigid bagaimana seharusnya umat Islam bernegara. Penerapan syariat Islam dalam ranah publik juga ditolak. Sedangkan terhadap perda syariat, akademisi muslim Kota Metro mendua, sebagian menolak dengan alasan keadilan warganegara nonmuslim, dan sebagian menerima perda syariat sebagai wujud aspirasi masyarakat lokal.
Kata Kunci: Akademisi muslim, negara Islam, NKRI.
Kedudukan Hukum Al-Sunnah dalam Al-Qurâ€™an
Authors: Al Hadi Abu Azam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract: the legal position of al-sunnah (prophet tradition) is as the source of Islamic law. However, each has distinction in term of transmission. While all verses of the Quran were transmitted successively (tawatur), not many prophet traditions are successive. Instead, they are reported in solitary manner. Thus, further meticulous examination of its authenticity is a must. The examination involves the number of transmitters as well as their personality. Therefore, the legal position of al-sunnah vis-Ã -vis the Quran comes in three functions: Firstly, the position of al-Sunnah as source of Islamic law secondary to the Quran and functions to elaborate the general meaning of the Quran. Secondly, al-Sunnah interprets verses of the Quranâ€™ Thirdly, al-Sunnah perform as further interpretation for the Quran in term of bayÃ¢n al-mujmal, bayÃ¢n taqyÃ®d al-muthlaq, bayÃ¢n al-takhshish al-â€˜Ã¢m, dan bayÃ¢n tawdhÃ®h al-musykil.
Key words: al-sunnah, the Quran, source of Islamic law
Metodologi dan Teoretisasi Politik Islam
Authors: Sulthon  
Published: September 2020

The main purpose of this research is to suggest that theoritically there is no specific and standard methodology to be used in the study of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) siyasah. It is because fiqh siyasah is more a part of a social science, where the methodology that might be used always changes and grows. As a part of fiqh, the study of fiqh siyasah needs to accommodate various methods of ijtihad as in the science of fiqh in general, such as qiyas, istihsan, istishab, maslaha mursalah, 'urf, and others. The study of fiqh siyasah can also use the five approaches such as philosophical, legal, empirical, bureaucracy, and ethics approach. Because the study of fiqh is quite complex and dynamic, then in the assessment and development of which need to be equipped with supporting sciences, such as sociology, anthropology, history, political science, economics, and others.The two fundamental questions to be answered in this research are; what is the methodology and approach of the Islamic political studies / fiqh siyasah and what are its characteristics. The method used in this research is descriptive and historical method. Descriptive method is used to describe a systematic, factual and accurate as well as the characteristics of the population in a particular region. While the historical method is used to reconstruct the past systematically and objectively by collecting, assessing, verifying, and synthesizing evidence to establish facts and to reach a strong conclusion
REAL TIME PEDESTRIAN ALERT SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES
Authors: IŞIK Şahin , VATANSEVER Göksu , ANAGUN Yıldıran , ÇELİKHAN Mehmet , ÖZKAN Kemal 
Published: September 2020

In this study, we have developed a pre-collision alert
system for vehicles in terms of detection pedestrians in road. The system is
consisting from deep learning models and transfer learning methodologies. For
this purpose, pre-trained convolutional models was considered to detect
pedestrian and road. Finally, the
segmented road mask and pedestrian mask was utilized to reveal the intersection
of these two masks. The system generates an alert if the number of pixels is
higher than predefined threshold value. By considering the visual results, the
proposed system gives valuable detection results to avoid collision.
Pendidikan Islam Berwawasan Multikultural; Sebuah Upaya Membangun Pemahaman Keberagamaan Inklusif pada Umat Muslim
Authors: Nugroho Muhammad Aji 
Published: September 2020

Masyarakat majemuk bagian dari sunnatullah, yang memberikan sumbangan besar bagi munculnya ketegangan, konflik dan krisis sosial, sehingga tuntutan reformasi sistem pendidikan Islam yang terkesan sebagai alat indoktrinasi yang anti realitas multikultural perlu dilakukan agar mampu menciptakan tatanan kehidupan masyarakat yang damai, harmonis, menjunjung tinggi nilai kemanusiaan, dan mampu beradaptasi dengan berbagai golongan yang berbeda namun tetap tidak terlepas dari akar budaya, agama, jati dirinya, dalam masyarakat yang plural sebagai insān kamīl (manusia paripurna). Pendidikan Islam berwawasan multikultural hadir bertujuan untuk: 1) menghapus prasangka “prejudice”, dan sekaligus untuk melatih dan membangun karakter siswa agar mampu bersikap demokratis, humanis dan pluralis; 2) membangun pemahaman keberagaman siswa yang inklusif sehingga mampu mengeliminir jarak sosial antar peserta didik yang berbeda agama guna terciptanya persaudaraan sejati; 3) mengajarkan bagaimana cara hidup ditengah pluralisme bangsanya; 4) memberikan perlindungan dari diskriminasi; 5) mengakui dan meng-akomodasi kebebasan individu kelompok minoritas, seperti berbicara, berkelompok, menjalankan agama dan sebagainya yang berakar dari nilai-nilai kebebasan, kesetaraan dan demokrasi, sehingga hak-hak kultural minoritas dapat terakomodasi dengan baik, yang berarti bahwa setiap peserta didik mempunyai hak untuk masuk dalam budaya tertentu, ikut dibentuk dan membentuk budaya itu. Plural society is a part of sunnatullah, which contributed greatly to the emergence of tension, conflict and social crisis, so that the demands for reform Islamic education system that impressed as a indoctrination of anti realities of multicultural needs to be done on creating a social order that is peaceful, harmonious, uphold humanity, and able to adapt to different groups but still cannot be separated from the roots of culture, religion, identity, in pluralistic society as insān kamīl. Islamic Education aims to present a multicultural conception: 1) remove the prejudice, and to train and build the character of students to be able to be democratic, humanist and pluralist; 2) build understanding of the diversity of students' inclusive to eliminate the social distance between learners of different religions to create true brotherhood; 3 ) teaches how to live amid pluralism nation; 4) providing protection from discrimination; 5) recognizes accommodation individual freedom of minority groups, such as talking, group, practice religion and so on are rooted in the values of freedom, equality and democracy, so cultural rights of minorities can be accommodated properly, which means that every student has the right to enter into a particular culture, are formed and participate in shaping the culture.
Undergraduate medical research perspective among medical students in university of Khartoum: a cross-sectional study from Sudan
Authors: Koko Abubaker , Ahmed Almegdad Sharafaldin Mohamed , Mustafa Almustafa Siddig Mohammed , Elsheikh Mohamed Nasr Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Background: Research is one of the crucial factors in the advancement of health. Undergraduate medical research training is a cornerstone in medical students’ education. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of medical students toward medical research.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 200 medical students in their fifth and sixth years at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, assessing students’ knowledge and attitudes toward medical research, which were scored out of 100. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software.
Results: Of the 200 students, 69% were females and 31% males; 81% of them held a Sudanese secondary school diploma and reported future clinical career choice. Their mean academic score was 16 out of 32 6.6 points. Students’ mean knowledge score was 36 out of 100, which was considered low. Their mean attitude score toward medical research was 48.2 out of 100, which was considered moderate.
Conclusions: This study concluded that the knowledge of fifth- and sixth-year medical students about medical research was low. However, moderately positive attitude was reported among them. It is recommended that students’ engagement in active research ought to be started early in their medical school. Additionally, more engaging and interactive methods of teaching research are endorsed to be implemented.
Keywords: attitude; knowledge; medical research; medical students; University of Khartoum
Evaluation of the Efficiency of N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide for Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dafalla Abuagla M. , Dafalla Leena A. , M. Ahmed ShamsEldein , A. Mohammed Yousif , D. Abakar Adam , Elbahar H. Aballah Wed , Ahmed Elhadi A. , Modawe GadAllah 
Published: September 2020

Background: Cardiac diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide with increasing incidence rate per year, particularly in developing countries such as Sudan owing to urbanization and changing lifestyle. Myocardial infarction is a consequence of the imbalance between the heart blood supply and the required heart cell; this disorder leads to necrosis of myocardium and may cause death. It could be diagnosed by at least two of the following criteria: chest pain, electrocardiography (ECG) elevation, and levels on cardiac biomarkers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Methods: This analytical case–control hospital-based study was conducted on a total of 70 individuals, of which 40 participants were suspected of or diagnosed with AMI, while 30 healthy subjects were included as a control group. Three ml of venous blood were collected in lithium heparin containers. Troponin I (TnI) as a cardiac biomarker was measured by TOSOH AIA-360, while the NTproBNP level was detected using I-Chroma II. Personal and clinical data were collected directly from each participant using a predesigned questionnaire.
Results: A significant increase in the TnI level (mean: 13.13 ± 18.9 ng/ml) and NTproBNP (mean: 5756.5 ± 8378.2 pg/mL) in AMI patients were detected when compared with control mean (0.02 ± 0.00 ng/ml and 57.8 ± 42.32 pg/mL, respectively).
Conclusions: NTproBNP gave a high sensitivity (87.5%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%), and negative predictive value (85.7%) in the diagnosis of AMI when compared with another cardiac biomarker such as TnI.
Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, NTproBNP, troponin I, Medani Heart Center, Sudan
Posibilidades de la imagen en tiempos de oscuridad
Authors: Niedermaier Alejandra 
Published: September 2020

Si el cuaderno manifiesta, en su totalidad, una continuidad con el anterior, realizado también entre las Universidades de Palermo y Nacional de Colombia, este artículo intenta ser una expansión de lo expresado en el ensayo “Cuando me asalta el miedo, creo una imagen” allí albergado. La contemporaneidad y su creciente giro visual solicitan profundizar sobre sus distintos aspectos. Se concibe a la imagen como una condición de posibilidad de otorgar una pensatividad (en tanto distribución de lo sensible y lo inteligible) a los distintos aspectos que pone en evidencia, ya sea cotidianeidades, pequeños relatos, comunidades, identidades, aspectos geopolíticos y otros. Por ello, el presente escrito está dividido en dos apartados: “Derroteros” en el que se dará cuenta de las distintas manifestaciones de la visualidad, a través de su incidencia simbólica y capacidad de crear imaginarios, su manifestación como síntoma de diferentes problemáticas, la acción del gesto del productor y finalmente, su aptitud para la generación de relatos.
Bajo el apartado “La imagen como área de trabajo” se analizará la presente problemática de uso para finalizar con algunas consideraciones sobre el relato didáctico que resulta menester a partir de las examinaciones realizadas.