bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical use of the Insight Inventory in cerebral visual impairment and the effectiveness of tailored habilitational strategies
Authors: Tsirka Asimina , Liasis Alki , Kuczynski Adam , Vargha‐Khadem Faraneh , Kukadia Roopen , Dutton Gordon , Bowman Richard 
Published: August 2020

AimTo investigate the utility of the Insight Inventory (a structured clinical inventory completed by caregivers) for assessment of children with cerebral visual impairment; and to investigate effectiveness of tailored habilitational strategies derived from the responses to the Insight Inventory.MethodFifty‐one eligible children (26 males, 25 females; mean age 9y 5mo, SD 3y, range 5–16y) were recruited from Great Ormond Street Hospital, London. They underwent baseline assessment including neuro‐ophthalmological and neuropsychological evaluations, and parent‐ and child‐reported ratings on a questionnaire‐based measure of quality of life. Parents also completed the Insight Inventory. On the basis of responses to the Inventory, families received individualized habilitational strategies. Follow‐up assessments 6 months later included repeating the Insight Inventory and quality of life questionnaires.ResultsCorrelations were found between the Insight Inventory and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition, the Beery‐Buktenica Test of Visual‐Motor Integration, and the Benton Facial Recognition Test, suggesting that the Insight Inventory is an effective tool to estimate visual–perceptual difficulties. At 6 months follow‐up, caregiver reports indicated significant improvements in the quality of life of children below the age of 12 years.InterpretationThe Insight Inventory is a simple questionnaire which covers practical aspects of cognitive visual function in everyday life. It provides in‐depth information about the aspects that children struggle with. It can also guide programmes of individualized habilitation strategies, which may enhance the quality of life of younger children.What this paper adds

Questionnaire scores demonstrate biologically plausible correlations with formal neuropsychological tests of visual function.

After administration of matched practical habilitational strategies, younger children showed improvement in quality of life and functional vision scores.
Associations between childhood adversity, cognitive schemas and attenuated psychotic symptoms
Authors: LoPilato Allison M. , Zhang Yinghao , Pike Madeline , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E. , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Mathalon Daniel H. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Seidman Larry , Perkins Diana O. , Tsuang Ming T. , Woods Scott W. , Walker Elaine F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimChildhood Adversity (CA) is strongly linked to psychotic‐like symptoms across the clinical spectrum, though the mechanisms underlying these associations remain poorly understood. Negative cognitive schemas are associated with both CA exposure and psychotic symptoms, highlighting the possibility that cognitive schemas may be a key risk pathway. The purpose of this study was to determine whether negative cognitive schemas mediate the association between CA and specific attenuated psychotic symptoms in a large sample of clinical‐high risk youth. Given the variability in experiences that encompass CA (eg, abuse, neglect and poverty) and attenuated psychotic symptoms (eg, suspiciousness and perceptual abnormalities), we also tested whether these associations differ by CA type (threat vs deprivation) and attenuated positive psychotic symptom domain.MethodsData were collected from 531 clinical‐high risk youth between 12 and 35 years of age (mean = 18.80, SD = 4.21) who completed a clinical assessment that included the Structured Interview of Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS), Childhood Trauma and Abuse scale and questionnaires on cognitive schemas and depressive symptoms.ResultsNo direct effects of threat or deprivation exposure on any of the psychotic symptom domains were found. However, there was a unique indirect effect of threat, but not deprivation, on delusional thinking and suspiciousness through negative cognitive schemas about others.ConclusionCognitive vulnerability in the form of negative schemas about others may be one mechanism linking childhood threat experiences and attenuated psychotic symptoms. The results underscore the importance of targeting negative schemas in interventions to mitigate psychosis risk.
Genomic adaptations to cereal‐based diets contribute to mitigate metabolic risk in some human populations of East Asian ancestry
Authors: Landini Arianna , Yu Shaobo , Gnecchi‐Ruscone Guido Alberto , Abondio Paolo , Ojeda‐Granados Claudia , Sarno Stefania , De Fanti Sara , Gentilini Davide , Di Blasio Anna Maria , Jin Hanjun , Nguyen Thanh Tin , Romeo Giovanni , Prata Cecilia , Bortolini Eugenio , Luiselli Donata , Pettener Davide , Sazzini Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdoption of diets based on some cereals, especially on rice, signified an iconic change in nutritional habits for many Asian populations and a relevant challenge for their capability to maintain glucose homeostasis. Indeed, rice shows the highest carbohydrates content and glycemic index among the domesticated cereals and its usual ingestion represents a potential risk factor for developing insulin resistance and related metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes and obesity epidemiological patterns differ among Asian populations that rely on rice as a staple food, with higher diabetes prevalence and increased levels of central adiposity observed in people of South Asian ancestry rather than in East Asians. This may be at least partly due to the fact that populations from East Asian regions where wild rice or other cereals such as millet have been already consumed before their cultivation and/or were early domesticated have relied on these nutritional resources for a period long enough to have possibly evolved biological adaptations that counteract their detrimental side effects. To test such a hypothesis, we compared adaptive evolution of these populations with that of control groups from regions where the adoption of cereal‐based diets occurred many thousand years later and which were identified from a genome‐wide dataset including 2,379 individuals from 124 East Asian and South Asian populations. This revealed selective sweeps and polygenic adaptive mechanisms affecting functional pathways involved in fatty acids metabolism, cholesterol/triglycerides biosynthesis from carbohydrates, regulation of glucose homeostasis, and production of retinoic acid in Chinese Han and Tujia ethnic groups, as well as in people of Korean and Japanese ancestry. Accordingly, long‐standing rice‐ and/or millet‐based diets have possibly contributed to trigger the evolution of such biological adaptations, which might represent one of the factors that play a role in mitigating the metabolic risk of these East Asian populations.
Asystole associated with cerebrospinal fluid collection in a 3‐month‐old foal under general anaesthesia
Authors: Bennell A. J. , Bardell D. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryA 3‐month‐old colt foal presented to the Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital for investigation of progressive neurological signs. Diagnostic investigation included cerebrospinal fluid collection, which was performed under general anaesthesia. During this procedure, severe bradycardia which progressed to asystole occurred. Initial resuscitation was successful; however, the foal had clinical signs consistent with cerebral hypoxia post‐resuscitation and was euthanased the following day due to deterioration of neurological function. Asystole was presumed due to a Cushing‐type reflex as a result of changes in intracranial pressure during the sampling procedure.
Paediatric patients with blood‐induced ankle joint arthritis demonstrate physiological foot joint mechanics and energetics during walking
Authors: Tijskens Dorien , Lobet Sébastien , Eerdekens Maarten , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Hermans Cédric , Van Damme An , Staes Filip , Deschamps Kevin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo compare foot joint kinetics and energetics in male paediatric boys with and without blood‐induced ankle joint destruction to these of matched control groups.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in which 3D gait analysis data were collected from thirty‐five male children (6‐21 years) with severe or moderate haemophilia and twenty‐six typically developing boys. Structural integrity of the tarsal foot joints of all haemophilic patients was assessed using the IPSG‐MRI scale. All participants walked barefoot while adopting a physiological gait pattern. Three subgroups were created based on the IPSG‐MRI scores: a group with no joint involvement (HealthyHaemo), with uni‐ or bilaterally involvement (PathoHaemo) and with only unilaterally involvement (Haemo_Unilateral_Patho).ResultsThe PathoHaemo group presented a significant lower Lisfranc peak dorsiflexion angular velocity (34.7°/s vs 71.4°/s,P = .000, Cohen d = 1.31) and a significantly higher Lisfranc peak plantarflexion angular velocity (−130.5°/s vs −51.8°/s,P = .000, Cohen d = 0.98) compared to the control group. The Haemo_Unilateral_Patho side had a significant higher Chopart peak dorsiflexion angular velocity compared to the Haemo_Unilateral_Healthy side (41.7°/s vs 31.9°/s,P = .002, Cohen d = 1.16).ConclusionNo evidence for mild and severe gait deviations could be demonstrated. Internal moments, used as a surrogate measure of joint loading, quantified by the multi‐segment foot model were found to be similar within the three subanalyses. We suggest that the ongoing musculoskeletal development in children compensates for structural damage to the ankle joint.
The need for outpatient back‐up for home hemodialysis patients: Implications for resource utilization
Authors: Kennedy Claire , Auguste Bourne L. , Girsberger Michael , Srithongkul Thatsaphan , Faratro Rose , Arustei Daniela , d'Gama Celine , Magtoto Eduardo , Wong Elizabeth , McGrath‐Chong Margaret , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe provision of sufficient support contributes to home hemodialysis (HHD) technique survival. The need for back‐up treatment in incident and prevalent patients on HHD has not been well described previously, and is important from both technique survival and resource allocation. We aimed to quantify the amount of back‐up treatment given to patients in our HHD unit, and hypothesized that the provision of back‐up HD facilitated technique survival.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐center cohort study quantifying the provision of back‐up HD between January and December 2018. Electronic and paper medical records were accessed for data collection.FindingsOne hundred and nineteen patients dialyzed independently at home during the study period (96 patient years of HHD). Seventy‐eight (66%) patients required a total of 292 back‐up HD sessions in the HHD unit, representing an average of three back‐up HD runs per patient year of HHD. Fifty‐three percent of back‐up HD runs were required for vascular access related issues. The most common clinical issue requiring assessment and back‐up HD was extracellular fluid volume management. An equal proportion (95%) of those that utilized back‐up HD and those that did not utilize back‐up HD maintained a positive disposition (transplant or ongoing HHD) in relation to technique survival in the short term.ConclusionsFrom a resource viewpoint, this program of approximately 100 HHD patients required the availability of one to two staffed HD stations each weekday for back‐up HD. The provision of back‐up HD was not a harbinger of HHD discontinuation.
Electrochemical dissolution of nickel‐titanium instrument fragments in root canals of extracted human maxillary molars using a small reservoir of electrolyte
Authors: Amaral C. C. F. , Ormiga F. , Araújo O. M. O. , Lopes R. T. , Gomes J. A. C. P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the viability of the electrochemical dissolution of fragments of fractured NiTi instruments in root canals of extracted human maxillary molars, using two electrodes and the solution restricted to a small reservoir coupled to the pulp chamber. The primary hypothesis was that this method enables the reduction of fragment volume and re‐establishment of the root canal path with a size 08 K‐file, both in simulated canals and in extracted human maxillary molars.MethodologyFragments of F1 ProTaper instruments were polarized in simulated root canals and in distobuccal root canals of extracted maxillary molars using a new method, with the solution restricted to a small acrylic microcell coupled to each resin block or pulp chamber. Two electrodes were used, where one was kept in contact with the intracanal fragment and another was positioned in the solution present in the acrylic microcell. After the tests, a size 08 K‐file was used passively to verify the possibility of bypassing the fragment, which was also confirmed by radiographic analysis. Micro‐CT analysis of the teeth was used before and after fragment dissolution to evaluate the volume, length and porosity of the fragments. The D'Agostino–Pearson normality test was used to verify the distribution of the data. A paired t‐test (P < 0.05) was used to compare the volume, length and porosity of the fragments before and after the dissolution tests.ResultsAfter dissolution, all fragments could be bypassed with a size 08 K‐file in both simulated canals and in extracted teeth. The dissolution process did not result in significant reduction of neither the fragment length nor the fragment porosity. However, it resulted in a significant reduction of fragment volume (paired t‐test, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe electrochemical dissolution of fragments of NiTi files in root canals of extracted human maxillary molars using two electrodes, and the solution restricted to a small reservoir coupled to the pulp chamber resulted in a significant reduction of fragment volume. The re‐establishment of the root canal path with the passive insertion of size 08 K‐files was possible in all samples after the tests, both in simulated canals and in extracted teeth.
Structural, morphological, and opto‐electrical properties of Y2‐xYbxO3nanoparticles synthesized using co‐precipitation method
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Tripathi Harshit , Sharma Jagmohan , Batra Uma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAdvanced polycrystalline ceramics are gaining importance on development of light‐emitting diodes, infrared detectors, solid‐state lasers, etc. The physical properties of these materials are dependent on variety of dopant concentrations. In this manuscript, we have synthesized Yb‐doped Y2O3(Y2‐xYbxO3) (x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.1, 0.14) nanoparticles using co‐precipitation method. X‐ray diffraction patterns confirm the presence of cubic phase for pure Y2O3nanoparticles and mixed phase (cubic + monoclinic) for Yb‐doped Y2O3nanoparticles. The average crystallite size is found in the range 71 to 31 nm and lattice strain −1 × 10−4to‐5 × 10−4calculated using Debye‐Scherrer formula and Willimission‐Hall plot. The crystallite size decrease with dopant concentration upto x = 0.10 and material is found to exhibit compressive lattice strain. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy shows agglomerated nanoparticles. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of metal oxide functional groups (Y‐O and Yb‐O) and vibrational bands corresponding to O‐H vibration, C‐O bending, and stretching modes in the samples. The band gap energy (Eg) is found to decrease from 5.14 eV for x = 0.0 to 3.60 eV for x = 0.14 composition. The photolumincence spectra show characteristic blue and green emission at 486 nm for x = 0.10 and 525 nm for x = 0.0, respectively. The frequency‐dependent dielectric studies confirm the enhancement in dielectric constant with increase in Yb doping. These structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of Yb:Y2O3nanoparticles are helpful for selecting this material as an appropriate candidate for laser host material for medical imaging and display devices applications.
Second‐home owners as consumers of local food
Authors: Czarnecki Adam , Sireni Maarit , Dacko Mariusz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarginal rural localities tend to gain less from local food production because they cannot generate enough demand for it. In the Nordic countries, however, seasonal populations outnumber permanent residents in many places, thereby temporarily increasing the demand for goods and services. Relatively little empirical research has been conducted on second‐home owners’ consumption of local food. This study examines their demand for it and analyses factors related to their purchase behaviour. Based on survey material derived from Finland, the article shows that the availability and accessibility of local food, as well as the activities of second‐home owners shape their consumption patterns. The study highlights the importance of second‐home owners’ place attachment and cultural understandings of second‐home lifestyles as factors related to their interest towards local food. However, from the perspective of marginal rural areas, the findings are not encouraging and local food is less likely to be consumed in the sparsely populated countryside than in those areas where local products are more readily accessible.
Effect of pre‐gelatinised high‐amylose maize starch combined with Ca2+ ‐induced setting of alginate on the physicochemical and sensory properties of rice flour noodles
Authors: Lubowa Muhammad , Yeoh Shin‐Yong , Varastegan Boshra , Easa Azhar Mat 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis study explored the effect of pre‐gelatinised high‐amylose maize starch combined with Ca2+ ‐induced setting of alginate on the physicochemical and sensory properties of rice flour noodles. Rice flour noodles were prepared by partially substituting rice flour with pre‐gelatinised high‐amylose maize starch in ratios of 5, 10 and 15% (wt/wt), combined with sodium alginate at 1% (wt/wt). The noodles were then immersed in a calcium chloride solution to set the alginate. Results indicated that the hydrocolloids significantly (P < 0.05) increased noodle tensile strength, hardness, water absorption and optimum cooking time while cooking loss was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. SEM micrographs showed a denser, compact noodle structure with an increase in the matrix's continuity as a result of hydrocolloids addition. Formulated noodles also scored above average (5.91) sensory acceptability on the 7 points hedonic scale. Overall, results proved promising for the preparation of rice flour noodles with enhanced properties.
Hempseed as a nutritious and healthy human food or animal feed source: a review
Authors: Xu Youjie , Li Jun , Zhao Jikai , Wang Weiqun , Griffin Jason , Li Yonghui , Bean Scott , Tilley Mike , Wang Donghai 
Published: August 2020

SummaryHempseed products are projected to receive great potentials due to the rapid growth in the US market. Industrial hemp has been an important crop for food, fibre and medicine applications. Hempseed products can be used as nutraceutical supplements and functional foods for human and can be applied for animal feed. This review provides a comprehensive summary of nutritional quality and health benefits of hempseed which is attributed to high levels of essential fatty acids and other PUFAs in the oil, with a rich source of essential amino acids in highly digestible protein. This review examines the impact of extraction methods on oil yield and bioactive compounds, nutrition value, and food application of hemp protein‐extracted products, including meal, protein isolate and protein concentrate. Recent research related to the understanding chemical composition, nutritional value, health benefits, processing impact, functional properties of hempseed products, and their application for food and feed is presented.
Physicochemical and functional characteristics of proteins treated by a pH‐shift process: a review
Authors: Tang Zhen‐Xing , Ying Rui‐Feng , Shi Lu‐E 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAdvanced structures of food proteins are maintained by many forces such as hydrophobic activities, electrostatic interaction, and disulphide bond interaction, which can affect their functional characteristics to a certain extent. Therefore, many approaches have been utilised to improve functional characteristics of food proteins. pH‐shift process refers to the method that food proteins are treated under extreme alkaline or acid conditions followed by adjusting pH to isoelectric point or neutral pH. Many studies have showed that pH‐shift process can significantly affect the functional characteristics of food proteins, for example emulsifying activities, forming property, solubility and water/oil adsorption ability. pH‐shift process has been utilised to recover protein isolates from many sources including fish, fish by‐products, meat processing products. Many researches have indicated that the functional and physicochemical characteristics of recovered protein isolates are significantly influenced by pH‐shift process. In this paper, the latest studies regarding the functional and physicochemical characteristics of proteins treated or recovered through pH‐shift process, and potential applications of obtained protein isolates in the production of the hydrolysates or used as a delivery system were reviewed.
Evaluation of fish meat noodles: physical property, dough rheology, chemistry and water distribution properties
Authors: Nawaz Asad , Li Engpeng , Khalifa Ibrahim , Irshad Sana , Walayat Noman , Mohammed Hammad Hamed Hammad , Zhang Zhongli , Ahmed Shakeel , Simirgiotis Mario Juan 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe present study reports the rheological, textural, structural and water distribution properties of fish meat noodles. The results showed that storage and loss modulus were increased when 20% fish meat was added while decreased with the addition of >20% fish meat, whereas loss rate behaved vice versa. The moisture and fat content increased significantly (P < 0.05) while water absorption index was decreased upon the increment of fish meat compared to control. Lightness of dough and hardness of noodles decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while redness and yellowness were increased. Similarly, less swelled starch granules and dominancy of protein network over starch granules were observed in microstructure. The amount of free water was increased while bound water was decreased when >20% fish meat was added during low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance. The findings suggest the feasibility of adding 15–20% fish meat for the proper structure and chemistry of noodles.
Effect of dehydration on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) pomace
Authors: Azman Ezzat M. , House Alistair , Charalampopoulos Dimitris , Chatzifragkou Afroditi 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis study examined the effect of dehydration on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) pomaces (DBP) subjected to hot air oven drying (HOD), industrial rotary drying (IRD) and freeze drying (FD). Temperature and residence time were evaluated for HOD, whereas air‐on and air‐off temperature, ratio of drum rotor speed to air speed and particle size were evaluated for IRD. The highest total anthocyanins (ATC) and flavonols (FLV) were obtained in particle size of> 5.0 mm using IRD at 475°C/97°C (air‐on/air‐off) and higher ratio of drum rotor speed to air speed. Smaller size particles were found susceptible to degradation due to high temperature and retention time applied in IRD, resulting in loss of phenolic compounds in DBP, and thus, HOD was deemed more suitable. Overall, drying method selection and parameters of operation are key in preserving the concentrations of individual HCA and FLV in DBP.