bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epicutaneous immunogenicity of partially hydrolyzed whey protein evaluated using tape‐stripped mouse model
Authors: Iwamoto Hiroshi , Matsubara Takeshi , Okamoto Tomoyuki , Yoshikawa Mayu , Matsumoto Takuya , Kono Gaku , Takeda Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundHydrolyzed cow's milk protein formulas are widely used for infants with a history or risk of cow's milk allergy. Based on the current theory that food allergen sensitization occurs via the skin, we investigated the epicutaneous immunogenicity of partially hydrolyzed whey proteins, which are ingredients in infant formulas.MethodsBALB/c mice were exposed epicutaneously to whey protein concentrate (WPC) or partial whey protein hydrolysates (PWH1 or PWH2) on tape‐stripped skin. Sensitization was assessed by evaluating serum β‐lactoglobulin (β‐LG)‐specific antibodies, basophil activation, and cytokine production from β‐LG‐stimulated lymphoid cells. The anaphylaxis reaction was evaluated by measuring the rectal temperature and plasma level of mouse mast cell protease‐1 after oral β‐LG challenge. Immune cell accumulation in the skin was also analyzed.ResultsSubstantive sensitization and β‐LG‐induced anaphylaxis reaction were observed in WPC‐exposed mice, whereas no significant changes were observed in PWH1‐ or PWH2‐exposed mice. The basophil and eosinophil counts increased in WPC‐exposed murine skin, not but in PWH1‐ or PWH2‐exposed mice.ConclusionThe epicutaneous immunogenicity of PWH1 and PWH2 is markedly decreased, which may reduce the risk of allergen sensitization. Further studies are required to investigate the clinical value of these partial hydrolysates for high‐risk infants.
The influence of species richness in primary school surroundings on children lung function and allergic disease development
Authors: Cavaleiro Rufo João , Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Paciência Inês , Delgado Luís , Moreira André 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary schools represent important environments for biodiversity exposure and thus may play a crucial role on early‐life immunomodulation, protecting against allergic sensitization. The aim of this study was to understand how the exposure to different levels of species richness surrounding urban primary schools may influence the development of allergic diseases and asthma in children.MethodsA species richness index (SRI), evaluating habitat diversity in terms of amphibians, birds, reptiles, and small mammals, was estimated and attributed to 20 primary schools in the city of Porto, Portugal. The SRI was measured considering a 100 m straight‐line buffer around the schools. Children who attended the participating schools were invited to participate in the study, performed spirometry with bronchodilation and skin‐prick tests, and had their parents fill a questionnaire concerning allergy and asthma symptoms, as well as demographic and socioeconomic data. Asthma was defined according to three distinct criteria.ResultsThe study results showed significant and positive associations between the exposure to species richness in schools and the forced expiratory volume at the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) parameters both before and after bronchodilation, independently of the asthma and atopic status. Fully adjusted models revealed that a unitary increment in the SRI was associated with an average increase of approximately 2 and 3 mL in FEV1 and FVC, respectively.ConclusionSpecies richness in school surroundings may impact lung function development in children. However, this increase in lung function was not associated with any clinically relevant protective effect on allergy and asthma development.
Health education interventions for older adults with hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Yajing , Li Xiuxia , Jing Guangzhuang , Pan Bei , Ge Long , Bing ZhiTong , Yang Kehu , Han Xuemei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education intervention for the control of blood pressure (BP) in older adults with hypertension.MethodsFive databases were searched in March 2018 for randomized controlled trials to manage hypertension in older adults by health education. The primary outcomes were changes in systolic and diastolic BP. RevMan5 was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsSeven articles with 1,105 participants were included. In them, 393 (35.56%) older adults participated in health education interventions in the form of courses, and 226 (20.45%), in health education sessions. The meta‐analysis suggested an overall reduction in systolic BP after health education courses (SMD, standardized mean difference = 4.80, 95% CI: 7.01–2.59, p < .05). Similar results were observed after health education sessions (SMD = 11.73, 95% CI: 17.63–5.82, p < .05). The diastolic BP reduction showed no difference after the health education course (p = .09). The random effects meta‐analysis suggested an overall reduction in diastolic BP after health education sessions (SMD = 5.39, 95% CI: 7.98–2.79, p < .05).ConclusionAlthough different health education methods had different effects on hypertension control, overall, educational interventions can potentially lead to improved BP control.
Operational Networks: Adaptation to Extreme Events in China
Authors: Comfort Louise K. , Zhang Haibo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNatural hazards pose an increasing challenge to public administrators, as the frequency, costs, and consequences of extreme events escalate in a complex, interdependent, world. This study examines organizational networks as instruments for mobilizing collective response to extreme events, but effective design has been elusive. Governments have focused on planned networks to anticipate risk before hazards occur; communities have formed emergent networks as voluntary efforts after the event. Using a framework of complex adaptive systems, we identify operational networks that adapt to their immediate context in real time, using technologies to support the search, exchange, and feedback of information to enable informed, collective action. Applying mixed research methods—documentary analysis of laws, policies, and procedures; content analysis of news articles; onsite observation; and semistructured interviews with experienced personnel—we document operational networks as a distinct form of multiorganizational response to urgent events that combines the structure of designated authority with the flexibility of information technologies. The integration of planned and emergent organizational forms into operational networks is measured through External/Internal (E/I) index analysis, based on empirical data collected on response systems that formed following the 2008 Wenchuan and 2013 Lushan earthquakes in the centralized administrative context of China. Findings show that planned networks provide the organizational structure and initial legitimacy essential for operational networks to form, but ready access to information technology—cell phones, short‐wave radio systems, internet access—enables rapid communication and exchange of information essential for flexible adaptation in real time to meet urgent needs.
Power and Politics: A Case Study in Community Sport Partnerships
Authors: McGarry Jennifer E. , Evanovich Justin M. , Arinze Nneka A. , Ebron Kolin , Cho Jun Young 
Published: January 2020

Carmen Jackson directs West Jefferson’s Harris Center. Dissatisfied with the efforts of previous partners at the Center, she is looking to form connections with partners with whom she could work alongside to address the interests and needs of West Jefferson’s youth. Specifically, Ms. Jackson is concerned about the lack of structured programming and the low participation rates among girls. Dr. Snow, from nearby Paul Warner College (PWC), was referred to Ms. Jackson as a possible new partner. Dr. Snow saw the potential for college students in her Non-Profit and Community Sport course to engage in projects with the Harris Center. Summer conversations led to plans to begin partnering in the fall. The new school year has arrived. As Ms. Jackson posts flyers about the new partnership per a request from PWC’s media campaign, she is waiting to meet Dr. Snow’s students. Utilizing Parent and Harvey’s model for community-based sport initiatives, the emerging partnership between the Harris Center and PWC has established a mutually beneficial purpose. However, additional antecedents necessary for a successful project could be lacking (i.e., collaborative planning, understanding of the environments, and nature of partners), and not everyone realizes the issues with how the partnership is beginning.
Design and Implement of High Gain and Low Noise Neural Amplifier Using Compensation Techniques
Authors: Manikandan N. , Muruganand S. , Karuppasamy K. 
Published: January 2020

<em>Electroencephalography is refer to record the electrical signal with respect to brain activity and its reliable EEG information, using this to diagnosis disorder and tumors. However the signal is very difficult to capture and processing due to so many parameter. Mainly this signal is very low range that from 0.1 to 100μv in and its bandwidth range from 1Hz to 100 Hz. So the signal has amplified by using linear and accurate digital program amplifier(PGA).This amplifier has been designed by using First stage amplifier with gain of 120dB with low output noise. The PGA is consists of OPAMPs the PGA change from 10db to 120dB.Inorde to optimized the linear and gain accuracy a new structure resister array is proposed high gain PGA. Hence the simulated result has shown it is promising to exhibit an amplifier with high performance biomedical application.</em>
Unraveling the Relation between EEG Correlates of Attentional Orienting and Sound Localization Performance: A Diffusion Model Approach
Authors: Klatt Laura-Isabelle , Schneider Daniel , Schubert Anna-Lena , Hanenberg Christina , Lewald Jörg , Wascher Edmund , Getzmann Stephan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Understanding the contribution of cognitive processes and their underlying neurophysiological signals to behavioral phenomena has been a key objective in recent neuroscience research. Using a diffusion model framework, we investigated to what extent well-established correlates of spatial attention in the electroencephalogram contribute to behavioral performance in an auditory free-field sound localization task. Younger and older participants were instructed to indicate the horizontal position of a predefined target among three simultaneously presented distractors. The central question of interest was whether posterior alpha lateralization and amplitudes of the anterior contralateral N2 subcomponent (N2ac) predict sound localization performance (accuracy, mean RT) and/or diffusion model parameters (drift rate, boundary separation, non-decision time). Two age groups were compared to explore whether, in older adults (who struggle with multispeaker environments), the brain–behavior relationship would differ from younger adults. Regression analyses revealed that N2ac amplitudes predicted drift rate and accuracy, whereas alpha lateralization was not related to behavioral or diffusion modeling parameters. This was true irrespective of age. The results indicate that a more efficient attentional filtering and selection of information within an auditory scene, reflected by increased N2ac amplitudes, was associated with a higher speed of information uptake (drift rate) and better localization performance (accuracy), while the underlying response criteria (threshold separation), mean RTs, and non-decisional processes remained unaffected. The lack of a behavioral correlate of poststimulus alpha power lateralization constrasts with the well-established notion that prestimulus alpha power reflects a functionally relevant attentional mechanism. This highlights the importance of distinguishing anticipatory from poststimulus alpha power modulations.
Ukrainian, Polish and Russian trilingualism among Ukrainians of non-Polish origin living in Poland
Authors: Levchuk Pavlo 
Published: January 2020

Ukrainian, Polish and Russian trilingualism among Ukrainians of non-Polish origin living in PolandThis article examines the socio-linguistic situation of Ukrainian migrants who live in Poland but who do not have Polish origins. After presenting the issue and describing the group in question, the article then describes the locations where the languages are used, the personae of the interlocutors, and their emotional attitudes towards each of the languages. Trójjęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polska Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia mieszkających w PolsceW niniejszym artykule została przedstawiona sytuacja socjolingwistyczna migrantów z Ukrainy, którzy nie mają polskiego pochodzenia. Po zarysie problematyki i opisie przedstawionej grupy zostały przedstawione miejsca posługiwania się językami, osoby interlokutorów oraz stosunek emocjonalny do każdego ze znanych respondentom języków.
New applications for independent activities of daily living in measuring disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Salter Amber , Fox Robert J , Tyry Tuula , Cutter Gary , Marrie Ruth Ann 
Published: January 2020

Background: Disability outcome measures in multiple sclerosis (MS) focus heavily on ambulation; however, limitations in performing everyday activities encompass another type of disability. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the ability of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale to discriminate between different levels of disability and to predict disability progression. Methods: The North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry fall 2006 semi-annual survey asked participants to complete the RAND-12, Performance Scales, Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS), and IADL questionnaires. We modeled the trajectory of disability change, using the PDDS, over 12 years. Analyses used linear and repeated measures regression methods. Results: Of respondents ( n = 9931), 9559 (96%) completed the PDDS and IADL scale. Respondents were mostly female (76%), Caucasian (92%), and 52.3 (10.5) years old with moderate disability (median PDDS 4 (early cane)). Mean (SD) IADL total score was 20.5 (3.7). Discriminant ability of the IADL scale was higher than other measures considered at higher levels of disability. Adjusted longitudinal models showed that needing greater assistance on IADLs was independently predictive of trajectories of greater disability change. Conclusion: IADL scale had a greater ability to discriminate between higher disability levels than RAND-12 domains. The IADL scale may provide a useful and clinically relevant tool to measure disability in progressive MS populations.
Differential roles of factors IX and XI in murine placenta and hemostasis under conditions of low tissue factor
Authors: Grover Steven P. , Schmedes Clare M. , Auriemma Alyson C. , Butler Emily , Parrish Molly L. , Miszta Adam , Cleuren Audrey C. , Visser Mayken , Heitmeier Stefan , Posma Jens J. , Spronk Henri M. , Antoniak Silvio , Wolberg Alisa S. , Pawlinski Rafal , Gailani David , Mackman Nigel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe intrinsic tenase complex (FIXa-FVIIIa) of the intrinsic coagulation pathway and, to a lesser extent, thrombin-mediated activation of FXI, are necessary to amplify tissue factor (TF)-FVIIa–initiated thrombin generation. In this study, we determined the contribution of murine FIX and FXI to TF-dependent thrombin generation in vitro. We further investigated TF-dependent FIX activation in mice and the contribution of this pathway to hemostasis. Thrombin generation was decreased in FIX- but not in FXI-deficient mouse plasma. Furthermore, injection of TF increased levels of FIXa-antithrombin complexes in both wild-type and FXI−/− mice. Genetic studies were used to determine the effect of complete deficiencies of either FIX or FXI on the survival of mice expressing low levels of TF. Low-TF;FIX−/y male mice were born at the expected frequency, but none survived to wean. In contrast, low-TF;FXI−/− mice were generated at the expected frequency at wean and had a 6-month survival equivalent to that of low-TF mice. Surprisingly, a deficiency of FXI, but not FIX, exacerbated the size of blood pools in low-TF placentas and led to acute hemorrhage and death of some pregnant dams. Our data indicate that FIX, but not FXI, is essential for survival of low-TF mice after birth. This finding suggests that TF-FVIIa–mediated activation of FIX plays a critical role in murine hemostasis. In contrast, FXI deficiency, but not FIX deficiency, exacerbated blood pooling in low-TF placentas, indicating a tissue-specific requirement for FXI in the murine placenta under conditions of low TF.
Use of analgesics in acute stroke patients with inability to self-report pain: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schuster J. , Hoyer C. , Ebert A. , Alonso A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Pain is a common and burdensome complication in patients with acute stroke. We assessed the impact of impaired communication in stroke patients on pain assessment and treatment.

Methods
We included 909 (507 male, mean age 71.8 years) patients admitted to our stroke unit from 01/2015 to 12/2015 in the analysis. Patients were assigned to four groups: able to communicate (AC), not able to communicate prior to index stroke (P-NAC), due to focal symptoms of index stroke (S-NAC), due to a reduced level of consciousness (C-NAC). Pain prevalence, documentation of pain and use of analgesics were evaluated. C-NAC patients were excluded from analyses regarding analgesic treatment due to relevant differences in patient characteristics.

Results
746 patients (82.1%) were classified as AC, 25 (2.8%) as P-NAC, 90 (9.9%) as S-NAC and 48 (5.3%) as C-NAC. Pain was documented on the Numeric Rating Scale and in form of free text by nurses and physicians. Nurses documented pain more frequently than physicians (p < 0.001). Pain prevalence was 47.0% (n.s. between groups). The use of analgesic medication increased from 48.7% in the AC group, to 76.0% in the P-NAC group, and 77.8% in the S-NAC group (p < 0.001). Opioid use was significantly more frequent in NAC patients (p < 0.001). The response to the treatment was poorly documented with significantly lowest rates in S-NAC patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that post-stroke pain in patients with inability to communicate is not attended enough, not systematically assessed and therefore not sufficiently treated.
Fluid intake-related association between urine output and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Shen Yanfei , Cai Guolong , Chen Shangzhong , Hu Caibao , Yan Jing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a complex response to various insults, has a high mortality rate. As pulmonary edema resulting from increased vascular permeability is a hallmark of ARDS, management of the fluid status, including the urine output (UO) and fluid intake (FI), is essential. However, the relationships between UO, FI, and mortality in ARDS remain unclear. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the interactive associations among UO, FI, and mortality in ARDS.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of a prospective randomized controlled trial performed at 10 centers within the ARDS Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute research network. The total UO and FI volumes within the 24-h period preceding the trial, the UO to FI ratio (UO/FI), demographic data, biochemical measurements, and other variables from 835 patients with ARDS, 539 survivors, and 296 non-survivors, were analyzed. The associations among UO, FI, the UO/FI, and mortality were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression.

Results
In all 835 patients, an increased UO was significantly associated with decreased mortality when used as a continuous variable (odds ratio [OR]: 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–0.99, P = 0.002) and as a quartile variable (OR of Q2 to Q4: 0.69–0.46, with Q1 as reference). To explore the interaction between UO and FI, the UO/FI was calculated, and a cut-off value of 0.5 was detected for the association with mortality. For patients with a UO/FI ≤0.5, an increased UO/FI was significantly associated with decreased mortality (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03–0.253, P <  0.001); this association was not significant for patients with UO/FI ratios > 0.5 (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.96–1.14, P = 0.281). A significant interaction was observed between UO and the UO/FI. The association between UO and mortality was significant in the subgroup with a UO/FI ≤0.5 (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96–0.99, P = 0.006), but not in the subgroup with a UO/FI > 0.5.

Conclusions
The association between UO and mortality was mediated by the UO/FI status, as only patients with low UO/FI ratios benefitted from a higher UO.
Development and application of the Action Taxonomy for Learning Assistants (ATLAs)
Authors: Thompson Amreen Nasim , Talbot Robert M. , Doughty Leanne , Huvard Hannah , Le Paul , Hartley Laurel , Boyer Jeffrey 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The success of the learning assistant (LA) model has largely been attributed to LA facilitation of active learning tasks. A deeper understanding of how LAs facilitate these tasks would inform LA training and support successful adoption of the LA model. Our investigation of LA actions during their interaction with students in the classroom contributes to that understanding. We present and discuss the development of the action taxonomy for learning assistants (ATLAs), as well as illustrate its applicability by presenting some analyses that were conducted on sample data.

Results
The LAs carried out several different actions that we categorized broadly as LA-Directed Facilitation, LA-Guided Facilitation, Advice, Feedback, Course-Related Talk, and Non-Course-Related Talk. LA-Directed Facilitation and LA-Guided Facilitation were the most common types of actions observed. We found that LA actions varied by course.

Conclusions
ATLAs is a tool that can be used to examine LA actions. In our sample data set, LAs undertook many different actions during interactions with students which indicates that LAs play several different roles in the classroom. These findings have practical implications not only for faculty seeking to implement a peer instruction model such as the LA model, but also for instructors wanting to utilize LAs in their courses more effectively. Understanding what the LAs are doing during interactions with students can provide us insight into the different roles that LAs undertake. Knowledge of these roles will guide effective training, feedback, and direction of LAs, particularly during the pedagogy course.