bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence-based Disease Surveillance Amid COVID-19 and Beyond: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Su Zhaohui , Bentley Barry , Shi Feng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Infectious diseases are dangerous and deadly. As the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in all demographics across the world, infectious diseases carry substantial social, economic, and healthcare costs. Unlike previous global health crises, health experts now have access to more advanced tools and techniques to understand pandemics like COVID-19 better and faster; one such class of tools is artificial intelligence (AI) enabled disease surveillance systems. AI-based surveillance systems allow health experts to perform rapid mass infection prediction to identify potential disease cases, which is integral to understanding transmission and curbing the spread of the pandemic. However, while the importance of AI-based disease surveillance mechanisms in pandemic control is clear, what is less known is the state-of-the-art application of these mechanisms in countries across the world. Therefore, to bridge this gap, we aim to systematically review the literature to identify (1) how AI-based disease surveillance systems have been applied in counties worldwide amid COVID-19, (2) the characteristics and effects of these applications regarding the control of the spread of COVID-19, and (3) what additional disease surveillance resources such as database, AI-based tools and techniques that can be further added to the current toolbox in the fight against COVID-19. Methods: To locate research on AI-based disease surveillance amid COVID-19, we will search databases including PubMed, IEEE Explore, ACM Digital Library, and Science Direct to identify all potential records. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles were screened against eligibility criteria developed a priori. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedures was adopted as the reporting framework.Results: NA for now Conclusions: Findings of our study will fill an important void in the literature, as no research has systematically reviewed available AI-based disease surveillance in the context of COVID-19. As the world continues to reel from COVID-19, it is important to identify cost-effective AI-based disease surveillance mechanisms that can detect COVID-19 cases and explain how one COVID-19 case turns into many cases, so that better prevention measures can be established to curb the spread of the COVID pandemic in a timely manner. Study Protocol Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020204992
Antiepileptic Drug Exposure during Pregnancy and Neonatal Birth Weight Outcomes: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Authors: Lavu Alekhya , Vaccaro Christine , Shouman Walid , Alessi-Severini Silvia , Eltonsy Sherif 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of epilepsy in pregnant women is estimated at 0.3- 1%. Antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure in-utero has been associated with various adverse health outcomes in neonates including adverse birth weight outcomes. Methods: To summarize the evidence on the association between AED exposure in pregnancy and adverse birthweight outcomes. Studies assessing AED exposure in pregnancy and neonatal birth weight outcome including small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), birth weight (BW), length head circumference and cephalization index will be identified in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, IPA, and Global Health. Open grey, Theses Canada and ProQuest Dissertations will be used to locate grey literature. Eligible study designs include experimental and observational studies. Studies will be assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Meta-analysis will be conducted using a random-effects model. Discussion: The results from this review could improve clinicians’ prescribing decisions by highlighting the safest AEDs for women who are pregnant or planning to conceive based on the best evidence currently available. Systematic review registration: submitted (19/08/2020))
Sex Differences in Muscle Fatigue Following Isokinetic Muscle Contractions
Authors: Gomes Miguel , Santos Paulo , Correia Paulo , Pezarat-Correia Pedro , Mendonca Goncalo V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a limiting factor of human performance. It is unclear whether sex-based differences in fatigability exist during dynamic exercise of varying velocities of contraction. We aimed at exploring sex differences in muscle fatigue elicited by maximal isokinetic muscle contractions performed at different angular velocities. Twenty-six healthy participants (13 men: 23.2 ± 1.5; 13 women: 21.9 ± 3.0 years) were tested for knee-extension at slow, moderate and fast angular velocity (60, 180 and 300º.s-1, respectively). The impact of sex on fatigue resistance and consecutive recovery for each isokinetic condition was explored by calculating the percent change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and in rate of torque development (RTD), from pre- to post-isokinetic exercise. The isokinetic fatigue index was also determined. No sex differences were obtained in response to isokinetic contractions completed at 60º.s-1. After performing muscle contractions at 300º.s-1, women had a significantly greater loss in MVIC than men (-18.4 ± 5.5 vs. -12.9 ± 3.8%; p = 0.009) and larger decreases in work output during isokinetic exercise (-34.2 ± 8.9 vs -27.5 ± 10.6 %; p = 0.017). Recovery of initial MVIC strength was greater for women post-exercise at 180º.s-1 (6.7 ± 9.5 vs. 15.6 ± 4.1%; p = 0.003). No differences were found between sexes in any condition for RTD from pre- to post- fatigue. These results suggest the presence of a sexually dimorphic fatigability in response to dynamic (isokinetic) contractions favouring men at higher velocities of contraction.
In-hospital mortality trends among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the United States between 2013-2017: a comparison of academic and non-academic programs.
Authors: Alqalyoobi Shehabaldin , Pérez MD Evans R. Fernández , Oldham MD Justin M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating condition characterized by progressive lung function decline and early mortality. While early accurate diagnosis is essential for IPF treatment, data evaluating the impact of hospital academic status on IPF-related mortality remains limited. Here we examined in-hospital mortality trends for patients with IPF from 2013-2017. We hypothesized that in-hospital IPF mortality would be influenced by hospital academic setting.MethodsHospitalization data was extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for subjects with an international classification of disease code for IPF. In-hospital mortality stratified by hospital setting (academic versus non-academic) was the primary outcome of interest, with secondary analyses performed for subgroups with and without respiratory failure and requiring mechanical ventilation. Predictors of mortality were then assessed.ResultsAmong 93,680 patients with IPF requiring hospitalization, 58,450 (62.4%) were admitted to academic institutions. In-hospital mortality decreased significantly in those admitted to an academic hospital (p<0.001) but remained unchanged in patients admitted to a non-academic hospital. A plateau in-hospital mortality was observed among all hospitalized patients (p=0.12), with a significant decrease observed for patients with admitted respiratory failure (p<0.001) and those placed on mechanic ventilation (p<0.001).ConclusionIn-hospital mortality decreased significantly for patients with IPF admitted to an academic hospital, suggesting that management strategies may differ by hospital setting. Mortality among those with respiratory failure and those requiring mechanical ventilation has dropped significantly. Our findings underscore the importance of promoting early referral to an academic institution and adherence to international treatment guidelines.
Growing Preferences towards Analog-based Drug Discovery
Authors: Dangi Mehak , Khichi Alka , Jakhar Ritu , Chhillar Anil K. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The major concern of today's time is the developing resistance in most of the
clinically derived pathogenic micro-organisms for available drugs through several mechanisms. Therefore,
there is a dire need to develop novel molecules with drug-like properties that can be effective
against the otherwise resistant micro-organisms.

Methods :
New drugs can be developed using several methods like structure-based drug design, ligandbased
drug design, or by developing analogs of the available drugs to further improve their effects.
However, the smartness is to opt for the techniques that have comparatively less expenditure, lower
failure rates, and faster discovery rates.

Results:
Analog-Based Drug Design (ABDD) is one such technique that researchers worldwide are
opting to develop new drug-like molecules with comparatively lower market values. They start by first
designing the analogs sharing structural and pharmacological similarities to the existing drugs. This
method embarks on scaffold structures of available drugs already approved by the clinical trials, but
are left ineffective because of resistance developed by the pathogens.

Conclusion:
In this review, we have discussed some recent examples of anti-fungal and anti-bacterial
(antimicrobial) drugs that were designed based on the ABDD technique. Also, we have tried to focus
on the in silico tools and techniques that can contribute to the designing and computational screening
of the analogs, so that these can be further considered for in vitro screening to validate their better biological
activities against the pathogens with comparatively reduced rates of failure.
Efficiency of Homology Modeling Assisted Molecular Docking in G-protein Coupled Receptors
Authors: Bhunia Shome S. , Saxena Anil K. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Molecular docking is in regular practice to assess ligand affinity on a target
protein crystal structure. In the absence of protein crystal structure, the homology modeling or comparative
modeling is the best alternative to elucidate the relationship details between a ligand and protein at
the molecular level. The development of accurate homology modeling (HM) and its integration with
molecular docking (MD) is essential for successful, rational drug discovery.

Objective:
The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are attractive therapeutic targets due to their immense
role in human pharmacology. The GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins with the complex constitution,
and the understanding of their activation and inactivation mechanisms is quite challenging.
Over the past decade, there has been a rapid expansion in the number of solved G-protein-coupled receptor
(GPCR) crystal structures; however, the majority of the GPCR structures remain unsolved. In this
context, HM guided MD has been widely used for structure-based drug design (SBDD) of GPCRs.

Methods:
The focus of this review is on the recent (i) developments on HM supported GPCR drug discovery
in the absence of GPCR crystal structures and (ii) application of HM in understanding the ligand
interactions at the binding site, virtual screening, determining receptor subtype selectivity and receptor
behaviour in comparison with GPCR crystal structures.

Results:
The HM in GPCRs has been extremely challenging due to the scarcity in template structures. In
such a scenario, it is difficult to get accurate HM that can facilitate understanding of the ligand-receptor
interactions. This problem has been alleviated to some extent by developing refined HM based on incorporating
active /inactive ligand information and inducing protein flexibility. In some cases, HM proteins
were found to outscore crystal structures.

Conclusion:
The developments in HM have been highly operative to gain insights about the ligand interaction
at the binding site and receptor functioning at the molecular level. Thus, HM guided molecular
docking may be useful for rational drug discovery for the GPCRs mediated diseases.
Synthesis of PF-543 Derivatives Using Simple Synthetic Methods and Their Biological Effect Analysis for the Development of Anticolorectal Cancer Agents
Authors: Shrestha Jitendra , Lee Joo-Youn , Park Eun-Young , Baek Dong Jae 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Sphingolipids, even in extremely low doses, regulate various physiological
functions. Particularly, immune and cancer cells might be controlled by changes in the sphingosine-
1-phosphate (S1P) levels, and S1P has been studied for a long time as a major target for new drug
development. Sphingosine kinase (SK) phosphorylates sphingosine to produce S1P. An increase in
the S1P levels promotes the growth of cancer cells. SK has 2 isoforms, SK1 and SK2, both of which
are involved in the growth of cancer cells.

Objective:
PF-543 has been developed as an SK1 inhibitor and has a non-lipid structure that differs
from those of general SK inhibitors. While PF-543 has a potent SK1 inhibitory effect, and has low
anticancer activity in some types of cancer cells. Therefore, the development of other PF-543 derivatives
is needed.

Methods:
We designed a structurally simplified derivative of PF-543. To primarily demonstrate that
the designed structure was biologically active, 8 derivatives were synthesized by a 2-step method
using the commercial starting material, and their biological activities were evaluated.

Results:
The SK1-inhibitory effects of the synthesized derivatives were not higher than that of PF-
543. However, the anticancer activity and apoptotic effect of the derivatives were similar to those of
PF-543, despite their fabrication from a simple modification of the PF-543 structure. In a docking
study, the derivatives were found to bind SK1 in a form similar to PF-543.

Conclusion:
Our analogs, which are similar to PF-543, showed comparable anticancer activity, indicating
that the synthesized derivatives are structurally more efficient for anticancer activity than
PF-543. Therefore, our study provides important information that may be useful for developing new
anticancer substances that target SK1.
Momordica balsamina L.: An Appraisal on Morphology, Ecological Diversity,
Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Sabiu Saheed , Aruwa Christiana Eleojo , Mohanlall Viresh , Baijnath Himansu 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Momordica balsamina L. is a monoecious climbing vine and perennial herb native to the tropical
regions of Asia, Arabia and the Caribbean, and with prominent presence in Nigeria, Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland and
Southern African provinces. While evidence of its anecdotal usage as medicine exist, scientific reports complementing the
claims are still emerging or at their infancy.

Objective:
This review appraised the morphology, therapeutic and biotechnological significance of M. balsamina.

Method:
Online resources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and MeSH were utilized for literature search
and included relevant information from inception till May 2020 to streamline sought outcomes for in-depth discussion.

Results:
The data gathered and considered worthy of inclusion in this study revealed that M. balsamina is rich in phytonutrients of medicinal significance with cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, balsamin and momordins well characterized and fully elucidated. These compounds and other novel bioactive agents in M. balsamina have found remarkable pharmacological relevance and could further be harnessed for use against several debilitating human disorders.

Conclusion:
The potential applications of M. balsamina as nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agent should not be undermined. Also, with the inadequate toxicological data on this wild species, its consumption should be with caution and
translational studies that could advance scientific knowledge and aid better understanding of both its pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics without sidelining its potent biotechnological applications are highly encouraged. It is hoped that
this paper will provide baseline information that could serve as a guide and inspiration for further studies on the prospects
of M. balsamina.
Inspecting Briquette Machine with Different Faults
Authors: Garg Divesh , Garg Reena , Garg Vanita 
Published: September 2020

Background:
A briquette machine can be considered very useful in modern times as the
need for energy consumption is increasing rapidly. Considering the harm to the environment, the
study of the briquette machine is the need of present times. In this paper, the operative unit is considered
as briquette machine, also known as bio-coal, which is used for agroforestry waste.

Objective:
A single operative unit has been analyzed stochastically. The inspection of the breakdown
of a unit reveals the feasibility of the unit under the supervision of either ordinary or expert
repairmen. Two types of faults are revealed by the repairmen, either minor or major. Minor faults
are repaired immediately by the same repairmen, but whenever a major fault is held, the machine’s
fault will be handled by an expert person.

Method:
It is assumed that the repair needs no modification once served. Availability, Mean-time
for system failure, and profits are analyzed by utilizing the Regenerative point graphical technique
and Semi-markov process.

Result:
The study reveals that the mean-time for system failure of the system model goes on decreasing
as the failure rate increases and the availability goes on decreasing as failure-rate increases.
Moreover, the study shows that the systems' profit goes down on an increase in Failure-rate.

Conclusion:
Findings of the study support the hypothesis that the limits of failure/repair/inspection
rate will surely have effective profitability. Moreover, it is found that the utility of the scale of operation
can easily be derived. The practical importance of biomass briquettes for burning coal or
wood is very well appreciated.
Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance Terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi Dengan Intensitas Fair Value Sebagai Pemoderasi
Authors: Alvino Kazbarani , Sebrina Nurzi 
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms that are moderated by fair value on the level of accounting conservatism. The corporate governance mechanism consists of an independent commissioner, an institutional ownership structure, a foreign ownership structure and audit quality. Research conducted on manufacturing companies and financial companies listed on the Stock Exchange period 2016-2018, purposive sampling method was used to determine the research sample so that 93 manufacturing companies and 52 financial companies was obtained. Hypothesis testing is done by multiple regression methods. The results showed that the independence of commissioners had a positive effect on the level of accounting conservatism. In manufacturing companies, institutional ownership structure does not affect the level of conservatism, whereas in financial companies, institutional ownership structure influences the level of accounting conservatism. Other corporate governance mechanisms, foreign ownership and audit quality, do not influence the level of accounting conservatism in both manufacturing and financial companies. The intensity of fair value in both sectors of the company has a negative effect, or weakens the relationship of corporate governance mechanisms to the level of accounting conservatism Keywords: Accounting Conservatism; Fair Value; Corporate Governance
TRUE POWER LOSS REDUCTION BY HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
Authors: Lenin K. 
Published: September 2020

This paper presents Harmony Search algorithm (HS) for solving the reactive power problem. Real power loss minimization is the major objective & also voltage profiles are should be kept within the limits. This paper introduces a new search model the harmony search (HS) algorithm is a relatively new population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. It emulates the music improvisation progression where musicians improvise their instruments’ pitch by searching for a perfect state of harmony. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on practical 191 test system & real power loss has been considerably reduced.
INTERNATIONAL TRIPARTITE RUBBER COUNCIL: OBSTACLES OF THE AGREED EXPORT TONNAGE SCHEME POLICY, IMPLICATIONS ON THE EXPORTING COUNTRIES
Authors: Mahyuddin Pazli , Simbolon Obed Mangapul 
Published: September 2020

The export price of natural rubber, which fell sharply at the end of 2015, has prompted the International Tripartite Rubber Council (ITRC) to make an Agreed Export Tonnage Scheme (AETS) policy, which is to limit the volume of natural rubber exports from its members. Global rubber prices were bad at the end of 2015, causing the ITRC to implement AETS on a high quota scale in 2016. Did AETS in 2016 increase the price of natural rubber? if not why?. what are the implications for the exporting country? This study uses a descriptive method, which systematically describes a cause and effect event which is the topic of study.
It was found that AETS was unable to raise the price of global rubber exports, failing to create price stability. The implication is that the ITRC has agreed to reduce natural rubber exports with all the consequences. For this reason, even the best trade policy scheme design can fail, if the global economic and political atmosphere and the presence of new competitors are missed.
Efek Proses Pendinginan Terhadap Struktur Morfologi Komposit Biodegradable HDPE-Pati Singkong
Authors: Jamilah Nurul , Rusmana Dasep , Sujarwadi Roni , Liza Chandra 
Published: September 2020

Plastik ramah lingkungan umumnya digunakan untuk aplikasi kemasan sekali pakai, salah satunya adalah penggunaan singkong sebagai bahan plastikÂ biodegradable. Proses pencampuranÂ biodegradableÂ selama pendinginan umumnya menggunakan air, sementara itu pati memiliki sifat mudah menyerap air sehingga memungkinkan terbentuknya porositas pada produk akhir. Pada kegiatan ini dilakukan pembuatan komposit HDPE biodegradable â€“ pati singkong dengan parameter penambahan pati dan proses pendinginan setelahÂ compounding,pengamatan dilakukan melalui struktur morfologi. Parameter proses pendinginan setelahÂ compoundingÂ yaitu dengan cara memasukkan sampel ke dalam air selama beberapa menit dan dengan pendinginan udara. Karakterisasi awal dilakukan dengan pengukuran MFR (Melt Flow Rate) danÂ strain at break.Â Dari hasil pengujian, campuranÂ biodegradabledengan 10% pati menghasilkan nilai MFR 0,258 g/10 menit danÂ strain at breakÂ 10,37%, nilai ini menunjukan karakteristik material polimer untuk prosesÂ injection molding. Selanjutnya material setelah proses pendinginan diamati porositas menggunakan alat SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), porositas terbentuk karena sifat pati yang menyerap air. Hasil morfologi alat SEM menunjukkan adanya porositas dalam produk yang dilakukan proses pendinginan menggunakan air. Pendinganan lebih lama menghasilkan porositas sekitarÂ 5,32 Î¼sedangkan pendinginan lebih lambat menghasilkan porositas sekitarÂ 2,48 Î¼. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin lama proses pendinginan, maka semakin besar porositas yang terbentuk. Sementara proses pendinginan dengan udara tidak membentuk porositas pada komposit HDPE biodegradable â€“ pati singkong.Â