bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent T2K Neutrino Oscillation Results
Authors: Sztuc Artur 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
T2K is a long baseline neutrino experiment producing a beam of muon neutrinos at the Japan Particle Accelerator Research Centre on the East coast of Japan and measuring their oscillated state 295 km away at the Super Kamiokande detector. Since, 2017 T2K has doubled its data in both neutrino and anti-neutrino beam modes. Coupled with improvements in analysis techniques, this has enabled the experiment to make world-leading measurements of the PMNS oscillation parameters

Δ

m

32

2

, sin2(θ
23) and the CP violating phase δCP
. In particular, the CP conserving values of δCP
now appear to be disfavoured at the 95% CL and there are regions of parameter space excluded at the 99.7% CL. This talk will describe these results and the analysis improvements that have enabled them.
Study of biomorphic calcium deficient hydroxyapatite fibres derived from a natural Harakeke (Phormium tenax) leaf fibre template
Authors: Siddiqui Humair A , Pickering Kim L , Mucalo Michael R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The complex structure of natural bio-organic matter has inspired scientists to utilise these as templates to design ‘biomorphic materials’, which retain the intricate architecture of the materials while acting as a useful bioactive material. Biomorphic hydroxyapatite-based fibres were synthesised using Harakeke leaf fibre as a template, which constitutes a powerful method for manufacturing bioactive ceramic fibres. Furthermore, in creating the hydroxyapatite-based fibres, a natural source of calcium and phosphate ions (from bovine bone) was utilised to create the digest solution in which the leaf fibres were immersed prior to their calcination to form the inorganic fibres. Chemical, thermogravimetric and microscopic characterisation confirmed that the final product was able to successfully replicate the shape of the fibres and furthermore be transformed into calcium deficient, bone-like hydroxyapatite.
Intermittent control strategy can enhance stabilization robustness in bumblebee hovering
Authors: Xu Ru , Nakata Toshiyuki , Cai Xuefei , Liu Hao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Active flight control plays a crucial role in stabilizing the body posture of insects to stay aloft under a complex natural environment. Insects can achieve a closed-loop flight control by integrating the external mechanical system and the internal working system through manipulating wing kinematics according to feedback information from multiple sensors. While studies of proportional derivative/proportional integral derivative-based algorithms are the main subject to explore the continuous flight control mechanisms associated with insect flights, it is normally observed that insects achieve an intermittent spike firing in steering muscles to manipulate wings in flight control discontinuously. Here we proposed a novel intermittent control strategy for a 3 degree of freedom (DoF) pitch-control and explored its stabilization robustness in bumblebee hovering. An integrated computational model was established and validated, which comprises an insect-inspired dynamic flight simulator and a novel discrete feedback controller as well as a simplified free-flight dynamic model. We found that the intermittent control model can achieve an angular-dominant flight control, whereas the continuous control model corresponds to an angular-velocity-dominant one. Given the biological constraints in sensorimotor neurobiology and musculoskeletal mechanics, the intermittent control strategy was examined capable of enhancing the stabilization robustness in terms of sensory latency, stroke derivation, spike interval, and damping strength. Our results indicate that the intermittent control strategy is likely a sophisticated flight control mechanism in insect flights while providing a bioinspired flight-control design for insect size flapping-wing micro air vehicles.
Hawking radiation correlations of evaporating black holes in JT gravity
Authors: Hollowood Timothy J , Kumar S Prem , Legramandi Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We consider the Hawking radiation emitted by an evaporating black hole in JT gravity and compute the entropy of arbitrary subsets of the radiation in the slow evaporation limit, and find a zoo of possible island saddles. The Hawking radiation is shown to have long range correlations. We compute the mutual information between early and late modes and bound from below their squashed entanglement. A small subset of late modes are shown to be correlated with modes in a suitably large subset of the radiation previously emitted as well as later modes. We show how there is a breakdown of the semi-classical approximation in the form of a violation of the Araki–Lieb triangle entropy inequality, if the interior of the black hole and the radiation are considered to be separate systems. Finally, we consider how much of the radiation must be collected, and how early, to recover information thrown into the black hole as it evaporates.
CYBERTRACK2.0: zero-inflated model-based cell clustering and population tracking method for longitudinal mass cytometry data
Authors: Minoura Kodai , Abe Ko , Maeda Yuka , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Shimamura Teppei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Summary
Recent advancements in high-dimensional single-cell technologies, such as mass cytometry, enable longitudinal experiments to track dynamics of cell populations and identify change points where the proportions vary significantly. However, current research is limited by the lack of tools specialized for analyzing longitudinal mass cytometry data. In order to infer cell population dynamics from such data, we developed a statistical framework named CYBERTRACK2.0. The framework’s analytic performance was validated against synthetic and real data, showing that its results are consistent with previous research.

Availability and implementation
CYBERTRACK2.0 is available at https://github.com/kodaim1115/CYBERTRACK2.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
svpluscnv: analysis and visualization of complex structural variation data
Authors: Lopez Gonzalo , Egolf Laura E , Giorgi Federico M , Diskin Sharon J , Margolin Adam A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Despite widespread prevalence of somatic structural variations (SVs) across most tumor types, understanding of their molecular implications often remains poor. SVs are extremely heterogeneous in size and complexity, hindering the interpretation of their pathogenic role. Tools integrating large SV datasets across platforms are required to fully characterize the cancer’s somatic landscape.

Results
svpluscnv R package is a swiss army knife for the integration and interpretation of orthogonal datasets including copy number variant segmentation profiles and sequencing-based structural variant calls. The package implements analysis and visualization tools to evaluate chromosomal instability and ploidy, identify genes harboring recurrent SVs and detects complex rearrangements such as chromothripsis and chromoplexia. Further, it allows systematic identification of hot-spot shattered genomic regions, showing reproducibility across alternative detection methods and datasets.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/ccbiolab/svpluscnv.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Wolf Delisting Challenges Demonstrate Need for an Improved Framework for Conserving Intraspecific Variation under the Endangered Species Act.
Authors: Carroll Carlos , Rohlf Daniel J , vonHoldt Bridgett M , Treves Adrian , Hendricks Sarah A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in genomics have increased our understanding of geographic patterns of intraspecific variation and the importance of this variation in enhancing species’ potential to adapt to novel threats. However, as part of an effort to limit the scope of the Endangered Species Act (ESA), the US government has proposed the removal of the gray wolf from the list of protected species on the basis of a claim that the statute permits a species to be declared recovered given the existence of a single presently secure population. We rebut this interpretation and propose a framework for the conservation of adaptive potential that builds on current agency practice in delineating subspecific recovery units and reconciles the definition of significance in the statute's “distinct population segment” and “significant portion of range” clauses. Such a coordinated policy would enhance the ESA's effectiveness in stemming loss of biodiversity in the face of climate change and other factors altering Earth's ecosystems.
Slip distribution of the 2020 Elazığ Earthquake (Mw 6.75) and its influence on earthquake hazard in the Eastern Anatolia
Authors: Doğru Aslı , Bulut Fatih , Yaltırak Cenk , Aktuğ Bahadır 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYWe analysed coseismic surface displacements of the 2020 January 24 Elazığ (M 6.75) Earthquake using GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements to investigate the associated fault slip distribution and static stress change. Our geodetic analysis of 13 GPS sites surrounding the epicentre included data from four additional sites. We accurately located the nucleation point of the main shock at 38.310° N, 39.081° E (±1.4 km) and at a depth of 5.2 ± 1.2 km. Both seismograph and GPS-derived fault plane solutions confirmed that it has a nearly pure sinistral mechanism with a negligible obliquity. The main shock generated 29.2 cm average sinistral slip along an approximately 70 km long and 20 km wide section of the East Anatolian Fault. Based on its rupture size and average slip, its magnitude was found to be Mw 6.75. An average of 6.6 bars of stress drop occurred on the rupture plane. The rupture occurred bilaterally failing two separate segments both to the northeast and to the southwest of the nucleation point. Average sinistral slips were 14.6 and 47.4 cm along the southwestern and northeastern segments, respectively. Sinistral slip reached up to 53.1 cm along the southwestern segment and 110.5 cm along the northeastern segment. During the generation process of the 2020 earthquake, 78 per cent of the slip deficit had been released aseismically since 1875. Increasing Coulomb stress by an average of 2.5 bars, it substantially increased earthquake hazard on the 1874 (M 7.1) rupture zone, which might have already accumulated 1.51 m slip deficit on its fully locked patches. Furthermore, increasing Coulomb stress by an average of 0.5 bars, it raised earthquake hazard on the 1893 (M 7.1) rupture zone, which might have already stored 1.01 m slip deficit along the fully locked patches.
Content Moderation Technologies: Applying Human Rights Standards to Protect Freedom of Expression
Authors: Dias Oliva Thiago 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With the increase in online content circulation new challenges have arisen: the dissemination of defamatory content, non-consensual intimate images, hate speech, fake news, the increase of copyright violations, among others. Due to the huge amount of work required in moderating content, internet platforms are developing artificial intelligence to automate decision-making content removal. This article discusses the reported performance of current content moderation technologies from a legal perspective, addressing the following question: what risks do these technologies pose to freedom of expression, access to information and diversity in the digital environment? The legal analysis developed by the article focuses on international human rights law standards. Despite recent improvements, content moderation technologies still fail to understand context, thereby posing risks to users’ free speech, access to information and equality. Consequently, it is concluded, these technologies should not be the sole basis for reaching decisions that directly affect user expression.
The Transition Matrix Between the Specht and 𝔰𝔩3 Web Bases is Unitriangular With Respect to Shadow Containment
Authors: Russell Heather M , Tymoczko Julianna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWebs are planar graphs with boundary that describe morphisms in a diagrammatic representation category for $\mathfrak{sl}_k$. They are studied extensively by knot theorists because braiding maps provide a categorical way to express link diagrams in terms of webs, producing quantum invariants like the well-known Jones polynomial. One important question in representation theory is to identify the relationships between different bases; coefficients in the change-of-basis matrix often describe combinatorial, algebraic, or geometric quantities (e.g., Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials). By ”flattening” the braiding maps, webs can also be viewed as the basis elements of a symmetric group representation. In this paper, we define two new combinatorial structures for webs: band diagrams and their one-dimensional projections, shadows, which measure depths of regions inside the web. As an application, we resolve an open conjecture that the change of basis between the so-called Specht basis and web basis of this symmetric group representation is unitriangular for $\mathfrak{sl}_3$-webs ([ 33] and [ 29].) We do this using band diagrams and shadows to construct a new partial order on webs that is a refinement of the usual partial order. In fact, we prove that for $\mathfrak{sl}_2$-webs, our new partial order coincides with the tableau partial order on webs studied by the authors and others [ 12, 17, 29, 33]. We also prove that though the new partial order for $\mathfrak{sl}_3$-webs is a refinement of the previously studied tableau order, the two partial orders do not agree for $\mathfrak{sl}_3$.
America's Pragmatic Role?
Authors: Avant Deborah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat has made the United States a global leader? Though analysts often attribute American success to a combination of resources and ideas, a subtle undercurrent in these arguments points to pragmatism and the creativity it often generates as an important part of the story. First theorized by American philosophers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, pragmatism emphasizes that creativity can reshape how we see norms and interests to make cooperation more likely. After discussing the basic elements of pragmatism and its intersection with prominent international relations arguments, I show how the creativity that pragmatism envisions appears in each of these books. Though the collected authors do not label themselves as pragmatists, piecing these pragmatic elements together demonstrates the importance of creativity for key global leadership moments in the twentieth century, as well as important, if under-appreciated, governance innovations in the twenty-first century. It also offers insights into how the United States might move into the future.
Successful Integrated Pest Management Minimizes the Economic Impact of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on the Louisiana Sugarcane Industry
Authors: Wilson Blake E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), is the primary pest of sugarcane, Saccharum spp., in Louisiana. Recent evidence suggests an integrated pest management (IPM) program has reduced the pest’s impact, but the success of this program has not been assessed across the industry. The level of D. saccharalis injury present at harvest was recorded from 388 billet samples from five sugar mills from 2017 to 2019. These results were used to estimate direct and indirect revenue losses from D. saccharalis on the Louisiana sugarcane industry. Insecticide use records were used to estimate control costs and determine total economic impact. The mean percentage of bored internodes was 1.1, 0.3, and 1.7% for 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Direct losses from reduced sugar yield averaged US$4.6 million across years. Indirect losses across years accounted for US$3.0 million and $463,000 for insecticidal control costs and reduced milling efficiency, respectively. The total economic impact of D. saccharalis averaged $8.0 million annually during the three-year study period. This study demonstrates the efficacy of pest management implementation in reducing D. saccharalis injury and highlights the value of IPM. Our findings provide new support for the emergence of D. saccharalis management in the Louisiana sugarcane industry as a modern IPM success story.
The Effect of Iterative Learning Control on the Force Control of a Hydraulic Cushion
Authors: Trojaola Ignacio , Elorza Iker , Irigoyen Eloy , Pujana-Arrese Aron , Calleja Carlos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm is presented for the force control circuit of a hydraulic cushion. A control scheme consisting of a PI controller, feed-forward (FF) and feedback-linearization is first derived. The uncertainties and nonlinearities of the proportional valve, the main system actuator, prevent the accurate tracking of the pressure reference signal. Therefore, an extra ILC FF signal is added to counteract the valve model uncertainties. The unknown valve dynamics are attenuated by adding a fourth-order low-pass filter to the iterative learning control design, which is split up into two second-order low-pass filters to carry out forward and backward filtering and obtain zero-phase filtering. The addition of the ILC signal presents significant improvements in terms of settling time and overshoot of the pressure signal in the cylinder.
Uncertainty estimation in the forecasting of the 222Rnradiation level time series at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory
Authors: Cárdenas-Montes Miguel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNowadays decision making is strongly supported by the high-confident point estimations produced by deep learning algorithms. In many activities, they are sufficient for the decision-making process. However, in some other cases, confidence intervals are required too for an appropriate decision-making process. In this work, a first attempt to generate point estimations with confidence intervals for the $^{222}$Rn radiation level time series at Canfranc Underground Laboratory is presented. To predict the low-radiation periods allows correctly scheduling the unshielded periods for maintenance operations in the experiments hosted in this facility. This should minimize the deposition of radioactive dust on the exposed surfaces during these unshielded periods. An approach based on deep learning with stochastic regulation is evaluated in the forecasting of point estimations and confidence intervals of the $^{222}$Rn time series and compared with a second approach based on Gaussian processes. As a consequence of this work, an evaluation of the capacity of Gaussian process and deep learning with stochastic regularization for generating point estimations and their confidence intervals for this time series is stated.
The significant effects of stellar mass estimation on galaxy pair fractions.
Authors: Grylls Philip J , Shankar F , Conselice C J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Theoretical models suggest that galaxy mergers may have profoundly shaped galaxy morphologies through cosmic time. However, observational estimates of galaxy pair fractions, and implied galaxy mergers, still do not converge, suggesting different numbers and redshift evolution. This paper explores the connection between stellar mass estimation and the pair fraction of galaxies using $\rm {\small STEEL}$, the Statistical sEmi-Emprical modeL, in which galaxies are mapped on to host dark matter haloes via a stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relation. As haloes of different mass are predicted to undergo, on average, different degrees of mergers, we expect that galaxy merger rates at fixed stellar mass will also vary depending on the shape of the input SMHM relation. Using a variety of input SMHM relations, also including one that matches the outputs of the Illustris TNG simulation, we thoroughly explore how systematic variations in the stellar mass functions propagate on to the normalization and redshift dependence of the galaxy pair fraction. We find that (i) stellar mass functions characterized by larger number densities of massive galaxies and thus a steeper SMHM relation, result in a substantial reduction of the pair fractions of massive galaxies; (ii) a time-varying SMHM relation produces galaxy pair fractions that can have varied redshift evolutions. We argue that in a hierarchical, dark matter dominated Universe, stellar mass estimates are a considerable cause of bias that must be accounted for when comparing pair fractions from different data sets or from theoretical models developed independently of the fitted survey data.
Eclipse time variations in the post-common envelope binary V470 Cam
Authors: Sale O , Bogensberger D , Clarke F , Lynas-Gray A E 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Linear or quadratic relations fitted to the time-dependence of post-common envelope binary eclipse times generally give residuals exhibiting a cyclic variation. Among several possible explanations is the presence of one or more orbiting circumbinary objects causing a reflex motion of the binary centre-of-mass, thereby altering the light-travel-time.Twenty new eclipse times for the post-common envelope binary V470 Cam have been obtained; with these and 380 useable eclipse times in the literature, two circumbinary brown dwarfs having orbital periods of 7.87 ± 0.08 and 13.27 ± 0.16 yr were found to give an excellent fit to cyclic residuals resulting from a quadratic ephemeris fit. Irrespective of the excellent fit, it would be premature to claim that the V470 Cam binary is accompanied by two orbiting brown dwarfs; at the very least more eclipse times are needed to confirm the result and other plausible explanations, such as the Applegate mechanism, need eliminating.
SIMPLEs: a single-cell RNA sequencing imputation strategy preserving gene modules and cell clusters variation
Authors: Hu Zhirui , Zu Songpeng , Liu Jun S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA main challenge in analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data is to reduce technical variations yet retain cell heterogeneity. Due to low mRNAs content per cell and molecule losses during the experiment (called ‘dropout’), the gene expression matrix has a substantial amount of zero read counts. Existing imputation methods treat either each cell or each gene as independently and identically distributed, which oversimplifies the gene correlation and cell type structure. We propose a statistical model-based approach, called SIMPLEs (SIngle-cell RNA-seq iMPutation and celL clustErings), which iteratively identifies correlated gene modules and cell clusters and imputes dropouts customized for individual gene module and cell type. Simultaneously, it quantifies the uncertainty of imputation and cell clustering via multiple imputations. In simulations, SIMPLEs performed significantly better than prevailing scRNA-seq imputation methods according to various metrics. By applying SIMPLEs to several real datasets, we discovered gene modules that can further classify subtypes of cells. Our imputations successfully recovered the expression trends of marker genes in stem cell differentiation and can discover putative pathways regulating biological processes.