bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intake of okara soup for 2 weeks for breakfast improved defecation habits in young Japanese women with self‐reported constipation: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, intervention study
Authors: Maeta Akihiro , Katsukawa Masahiro , Inomoto Yasushi , Hayase Yaeko , Takahashi Kyoko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOkara is a byproduct of soymilk manufacturing and a rich source of protein and dietary fiber. We investigated whether okara intake improves the habit of defecation in young Japanese women (n = 52) with self‐reported constipation. Subjects were categorized into placebo and test groups, who ingested soymilk (0.1 g fiber/meal) and okara (4.1 g fiber/meal) soups, respectively, every day for breakfast, for 2 weeks. Subjects’ body composition, bowel movement frequency per week, and constipation assessment scale (CAS) and brief‐type self‐administered diet history questionnaire scores were assessed at baseline and after the intervention (Analysis 1). Further, subjects’ bowel movement frequency per week and CAS scores were assessed during the 2‐week follow‐up (Analysis 2). There were no significant differences in age, anthropometric characteristics, nutrients intake, frequency of bowel movements per week, and total CAS scores between the placebo and test groups at baseline. After intervention, the total CAS score was significantly lower in the test group than in the placebo group. Moreover, the difference in the total CAS scores between baseline and after intervention was lower in the test group than in the placebo group, although not significant. The weekly frequency of bowel movement significantly increased for both placebo and test groups. The test group reported reduced abdominal bloating 2 weeks after the intervention, but the placebo group did not. The findings suggest that okara is effective in increasing the frequency of bowel movements and improving defecation habit in young women with self‐reported constipation.Practical ApplicationOkara is an effective food to increase the frequency of bowel movements and to improve defecation habits in young women with self‐reported constipation.
Stability, kinetics, and application study of phycobiliprotein pigments extracted from red algae Gracilaria gracilis
Authors: Pereira Tatiana , Barroso Sónia , Mendes Susana , Gil Maria M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhycobiliprotein (PBP) pigments were extracted from red algae Gracilaria gracilis through maceration in phosphate buffer using previously optimized conditions. The stability of PBPs in the extracts was assessed by monitoring the extracts at different pHs and temperatures for 10 days. Since phycoerythrin (PE) is the main PBP present in G. gracilis, PE content was spectroscopically determined and used as a response factor. Kinetic modeling was used to describe PE degradation under different ranges of T and pH. The pigment extracts presented higher stability at pH 6.9 and −20 °C. PE was semipurified by precipitation with ammonium sulphate 65% followed by dialysis against water until a purity index of 0.7. The pigment was successfully applied as colorant in pancakes and yogurts with a pigment concentration of 0.15%. This study highlights the potential of PE pigments extracted from G. gracilis for applications in food products.Practical ApplicationPhycobiliprotein pigments were extracted from red algae Gracilaria gracilis through maceration in phosphate buffer. The stability of the pigment was evaluated at different pHs and temperatures, presenting higher stability at neutral pH and low temperatures. The pigment was successfully applied as colorant in pancakes and yogurts with a low pigment concentration. This study highlights the potential of phycobiliprotein pigments extracted from G. gracilis for applications in food products.
Young‐onset colorectal cancer is associated with a personal history of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mikaeel Reger R. , Symonds Erin L. , Kimber James , Smith Eric , Horsnell Mehgan , Uylaki Wendy , Tapia Rico Gonzalo , Hewett Peter J. , Yong Jonathan , Tonkin Darren , Jesudason David , Poplawski Nicola K. , Ruszkiewicz Andrew R. , Drew Paul A. , Hardingham Jenny E. , Wong Stephanie , Frank Oliver , Tomita Yoko , Patel Dainik , Vatandoust Sina , Townsend Amanda R. , Roder David , Young Graeme P. , Parry Susan , Tomlinson Ian P. , Wittert Gary , Wattchow David , Worthley Daniel L. , Brooks William J. , Price Timothy J. , Young Joanne P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is rising in incidence in young adults, and this observation is currently unexplained. We investigated whether having a personal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) was a potential risk factor for young‐onset colorectal cancer (YOCRC).MethodsThe South Australian Young Onset (SAYO) CRC study is a series of young adults with CRC below age 55. Ninety unrelated YOCRC cases were recruited to the study. Personal history and detailed family history of T2D were obtained at face‐to‐face interview and confirmed from medical records. Whole exome sequencing was conducted on germline DNA from each CRC case. Controls for personal history studies of T2D were 240 patients with proven clear colonoscopies and no known CRC predispositions.ResultsThe median age of YOCRC cases was 44 years (18–54) and of controls was 45 years (18–54), and 53% of both cases and controls were females (P = 0.99). Left‐sided (distal) CRC was seen in 67/89 (75%) of cases. A personal history of T2D was confirmed in 17/90 (19%) YOCRC patients compared with controls (12/240, 5%; P < 0.001; odds ratio = 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.0–9.7). YOCRC patients frequently reported at least one first‐degree relative with T2D (32/85, 38%). Ten of 87 (12%) of YOCRC cases had CRC‐related pathogenic germline variants, however, no pathogenic variants in familial diabetes‐associated genes were seen.ConclusionsThough the mechanism remains unclear, our observations suggest that there is enrichment for personal history of T2D in YOCRC patients.ImpactA diagnosis of T2D could therefore potentially identify a subset of young adults at increased risk for CRC and in whom early screening might be appropriate.
Treatment modalities and risk of adverse events associated with biologic therapy: A 10‐year observational review of the Australasian Psoriasis Registry
Authors: Doolan Brent J , Koye Digsu , Ling Joanna , Cains Geoffrey D , Baker Christopher , Foley Peter , Dolianitis Con 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting ~2–3% of the Australasian population. Therapeutic options include topical agents, phototherapy, systemic immunomodulators and biologic agents. Biologics present an acceptable short‐ and medium‐term safety profile, derived mainly from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and, however, may not represent real‐world rates of adverse events (AEs).MethodsA retrospective, observational study of patients enrolled in The Australasian Psoriasis Registry from April 2008 to October 2018 was conducted. Data were collected from 104 sites in Australia and New Zealand. Patient characteristics, treatments and AE data were collected. AEs were classified by MedDRA System events.Results2094 patients were included (3765 patient‐treatments), comprising; 1110 phototherapy, 1280 systemic and 1375 biologic therapy patient‐treatments. Treatment arms were not mutually exclusive. The mean ± SD from date of diagnosis of psoriasis to commencement of biologic therapy was 8.9 ± 12.3 years. Methotrexate had the longest exposure time (3740.3 patient‐years), and ustekinumab had the longest median (95% CI) time on treatment, 4.3 years (2.2, 6.6). AE differences on biologic treatment were present between patients who would have been eligible or ineligible for RCTs. Approximately 29% of registry patients would have been excluded from clinical trials enrolment. Patients ineligible for RCTs had increased adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of: infections and infestations (2.3, 1.7–3.1; P < 0.001), cardiac (8.2, 3.5–25.6; P < 0.001), gastrointestinal (3.5, 1.52–8.0; P < 0.001), hepatobiliary (5.6 1.7–19.1; P < 0.001), psychiatric (4.7, 1.5–14.1; P = 0.006) and eye disorders (4.8 1.5–15.6; P = 0.008), compared to those eligible for RCTs. Incidence rates in the trial eligible patients were similar to those reported from RCT rates.ConclusionsThis study establishes treatment modalities in use for severe psoriasis and the clinical rates of AEs associated with biologic therapy.
Prostacyclin facilitates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transformation via activating TP receptors when IP receptors are deficient
Authors: Li Ziqing , Luo Wenwei , Fang Shi , Chen Xinyi , Lin Tong , Zhou Sihang , Zhang Lili , Yang Wanqi , Li Zhenzhen , Ye Jiantao , Wang Junjian , Liu Peiqing , Li Zhuoming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimBy activating prostacyclin receptors (IP receptors), prostacyclin (PGI2) exerts cardiovascular protective effects such as vasodilation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. However, IP receptors are dysfunctional under pathological conditions, and PGI2 produces detrimental effects that are opposite to its physiological protective effects via thromboxane‐prostanoid (TP) receptors. This attempted to investigate whether or not IP receptor dysfunction facilitates the shift of PGI2 action. Methods: The effects of PGI2 and its stable analog iloprost on VSMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation were examined in A10 cells silencing IP receptors, in human aortic VSMCs (HAVSMCs) knocked down IP receptor by CRISPR‐Cas9, or in HAVSMCs transfected with a dysfunctional mutation of IP receptor IPR212C. Results: PGI2/iloprost treatment stimulated cell proliferation, upregulated synthetic proteins and downregulated contractile proteins, suggesting that PGI2/iloprost promotes VSMC phenotypic transformation in IP‐deficient cells. The effect of PGI2/iloprost was prevented by TP antagonist S18886 or TP knockdown, indicating that the VSMC detrimental effect of PGI2 is dependent on TP receptor. RNA sequencing and Western blotting results showed that RhoA/ROCKs, MEK1/2 and JNK signalling cascades were involved. Moreover, IP deficiency increased the distribution of TP receptors at the cell membrane. Conclusion: PGI2 induces VSMC phenotypic transformation when IP receptors are impaired. This is attributed to the activation of TP receptor and its downstream signaling cascades, and to the increased membrane distribution of TP receptors. The VSMC detrimental effect of PGI2 medicated by IP dysfunction and TP activation might probably exacerbate vascular remodelling, accelerating cardiovascular diseases.
Esophageal atresia with right aortic arch: An experience of thoracoscopic repair through left thorax
Authors: Saka Ryuta , Tazuke Yuko , Ueno Takehisa , Nomura Motonari , Deguchi Koichi , Okuyama Hiroomi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRight aortic arch (RAA) is one of congenital cardiovascular anomalies associated with esophageal atresia (EA). The surgical treatment for EA with RAA is still challenging. Although most pediatric surgeons are familiar with the right‐sided approach, the division of the tracheoesophageal fistula and the anastomosis of the esophagus through right thorax are often difficult in cases of RAA. There are a few reports on thoracoscopic repair for EA with RAA. We report a case of EA with RAA treated by left‐sided thoracoscopic approach. With left‐sided thoracoscopic approach, identification and anastomosis of the esophagus could be safely performed without obstruction by the right‐sided descending aorta. There was no leakage or stricture. Thoracoscopic repair of EA with RAA through the left thorax is feasible and safe without obstruction by the right‐sided descending aorta.
Examination of milk microbiota, fecal microbiota, and blood metabolites of Jersey cows in cool and hot seasons
Authors: Nguyen Qui D. , Tsuruta Takeshi , Nishino Naoki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrobiota of individual cow milk, bulk tank milk, and feces of Jersey cows were examined. Samples were collected from two farms (F1 and F2) in cool (November, Nov) and hot (July, Jul) seasons. Milk yield and milk composition were similar between the two farms and between the two seasons. Prevalent taxa of the fecal microbiota, i.e. Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, and Clostridiaceae, were unaffected by the farm and season. Relative abundance of milk microbiota for Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcaceae (F1 > F2) and Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Cellulomonadaceae (F1 < F2) were different between the two farms, and those for Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae (Nov < Jul) and Methylobacteriaceae and Moraxellaceae (Nov > Jul) were different between the two seasons. The microbiota of bulk tank milk was numerically different from that of individual cow milk. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that the milk microbiota was unrelated to the fecal microbiota. The finding that relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae and Moraxellaceae appeared greater than those reported for Holstein milk suggested that higher protein and fat content may result in a greater abundance of proteolytic and lipolytic taxa in Jersey cow milk.
Amyloid beta regulates ER exit sites formation through O‐GlcNAcylation triggered by disrupted calcium homeostasis
Authors: Cho Hyun Jin , Mook‐Jung Inhee 
Published: September 2020

Background InformationAberrant production of amyloid beta (Aβ) causes disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis, a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Calcium is required for the fusion and trafficking of vesicles. Previously, we demonstrated that Sec31A, a main component for coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles at ER exit sites (ERES), is modulated by O‐GlcNAcylation. O‐GlcNAcylation, a unique and dynamic protein glycosylation process, modulates the formation of COPII vesicles.ResultsIn this study, we observed that disrupted calcium levels affected the formation of COPII vesicles in ERES through calcium‐triggered O‐GlcNAcylation of Sec31A. Additionally, we found that Aβ impaired ERES through Aβ‐disturbed calcium homeostasis and O‐GlcNAcylation of Sec31A in neuronal cells. Furthermore, we identified that Aβ disrupted the ribbon‐like structure of Golgi. Golgi fragmentation by Aβ was rescued by up‐regulation of O‐GlcNAcylaion levels using Thiamet G (ThiG), an O‐GlcNAcase inhibitor. Additionally, we observed that the Golgi reassembly stacking proteins having a function in Golgi stacking showed attenuation at COPII vesicles following Aβ treatment.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that Aβ impaired Sec31A targeting to ERES through altered Sec31A O‐GlcNAcylation triggered by disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis.SignificanceThe findings of this study suggested that protection of ERES or Sec31 O‐GlcNAcylation may offer a promising novel avenue for development of AD therapeutics.
Frequent neck US in papillary thyroid cancer likely detects non‐actionable findings
Authors: Sek Kathleen Su‐Yen , Tsang Ingrid , Lee Xuan Yong , Albaqmi Omar H. , Morosan Allo Yanina Jimena , Rosmarin Melanie Cinthia , Mahrous Azhar K. , Parameswaran Rajeev , Ng David Chee Eng , Tong Aaron Kian Ti , Loke Kelvin Siu Hoong , Brenta Gabriela , Alghamdi Abdullah Hassan , Albati Naif A. , Fish Stephanie A. , Tuttle R. Michael , Yang Samantha Peiling 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmerican Thyroid Association (ATA) low‐intermediate‐risk papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients without structural and biochemical evidence of disease on initial post‐treatment evaluation have a low risk of recurrence. Studies have shown that with current ultrasound scans (US) and thyroglobulin assays, recurrences mostly occurred 2‐8 years after initial therapy. The ATA recommends that neck US be done 6‐12 months after surgery to establish patient's response to therapy, then periodically depending on risk of recurrence. The lack of clarity in recommendations on timing of follow‐up US and fear of recurrence leads to frequent tests.ObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of routine neck US in ATA low‐intermediate‐risk PTC patients with no structural disease on neck US and non‐stimulated thyroglobulin <1.0 ng/mL after initial therapy.MethodsA retrospective study of 93 patients from Singapore, Saudi Arabia and Argentina with ATA low (n = 49) to intermediate (n = 44) risk PTC was conducted between 1998 and 2017. The outcome was to measure the frequency of identifying structural disease recurrence and non‐actionable US abnormalities.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 5 years, five of the 93 patients (5.4%) developed structural neck recurrence on US at a median of 2.5 years after initial treatment. Indeterminate US abnormalities were detected in 19 of the 93 patients (20.4%) leading to additional tests, which did not detect significant disease.ConclusionIn ATA low‐intermediate‐risk PTC with no suspicious findings on neck US and a non‐stimulated thyroglobulin of <1.0 ng/mL after initial therapy, frequent US is more likely to identify non‐actionable abnormalities than clinically significant disease.
Bariatric surgery during the evolution of fatty liver–A randomized clinical trial comparing gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy based on transient elastography
Authors: de Barros Fernando , Fonseca Ana Beatriz Monteiro 
Published: September 2020

SummaryNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to patients with obesity. For patients with NAFLD, bariatric surgery is the best treatment. However, the best technique to patient with severe NAFLD is still unknown. Currently available, the imaging methods for assessing and monitoring NAFLD are of limited use for diagnosing. In contrast, compared with liver biopsy and transient hepatic elastography (THE) has shown good accuracy in individuals with obesity. To prospectively compare the evolution of THE parameters of NAFLD right after the procedures: gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy. Patients with obesity were randomized into two groups: gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in a previous study. Iin a previous study one week before and three months after surgery the patients underwent evaluation by THE. The patients were also analyzed with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), which assesses the degree of hepatic steatosis using the same device. Sleeve gastrectomy group showed a greater decrease in THE values (from 8.13 to 5.53 kPa) compared to the gastric bypass group (from 9.25 to 8.81 kPa; P = .004). CAP also revealed a greater decrease in sleeve subjects (from 287 to 242 dB/m) compared to gastric bypass subjects (from 290 to 276 dB/m; P < .0001). The absolute values of these differences also had a largest decrease with both methods in sleeve gastrectomy group (P = .013 and P = .005 for THE and CAP, respectively).Sleeve gastrectomy showed a greater decrease in both parameters (THE and CAP) than gastric bypass in the first months.
Reliability of ultra‐short indices for autonomic dysfunction in dyslipidemia
Authors: Nussinovitch Udi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDyslipidemia is associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a powerful tool for evaluating the ANS and for cardiovascular risk stratification. Yet, the methodologies used are impractical in most clinical settings and therefore, are usually not applied. The current study aimed to evaluate the reliability of ultra‐short HRV parameters, which are easily calculated from any standard ECG, as a practical method for ANS study, with a focus on patients with dyslipidemia. Fifty‐nine volunteers with dyslipidemia underwent HRV study of parametric and power spectral indices according to accepted methods. Correlations were calculated between ultra‐short HRV indices (five 1‐min and five 10‐s segments) and standard 5‐min recordings. Correlations were found between 10‐s and 1‐min RMSSD and 5‐min recordings (mean Pearson ρ correlation coefficients of 0.913 and 0.944, respectively, and mean concordance correlation coefficients of 0.855 and 0.938, respectively). Associations were found between other ultra‐short HRV parameters (SDNN, maximum RR, minimum RR, pNN50, ln(RMSSD) and 5‐min recordings. In addition, average RR, HRV‐TI, NN50, TP, LF/HF, ln(SDNN), ln(HRV‐TI), ln(TP) and ln(LF/HF) from 1‐min recordings were associated with 5‐min values. In conclusion, some ultra‐short HRV parameters can be used for ANS evaluation and presumably, for cardiovascular risk stratification among patients with dyslipidemia. These parameters seem to be of great practical value for both inpatient and outpatient settings, because most can be calculated from a standard 10‐s ECG strip. The prognostic implications of ECG‐derived, ultra‐short HRV parameters in patients with dyslipidemia should be further evaluated in future studies.
Inside the Digital Learning Laboratory: New Directions in Museum Education
Authors: Bell David Raymond , Smith Jeffrey K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (Te Papa) in Wellington is New Zealand’s national museum. In recent years its diverse educational programs have been re‐invigorated with the introduction of new learning experiences for visiting school groups. This article describes a qualitative, formative research evaluation of the activities of Te Papa’s innovative Hīnātore Learning Laboratory digital facility initiated at from 2107. Researchers from the University of Otago conducted an abductive inferential evaluation of participant experiences in the Museum and its digital learning setting. Gathering data from visit observations, questionnaires, and interviews, and analyzing this against Museum priority learning competencies of collaboration, communication and cultural engagement, they confirmed innovative practices and positive learning experiences, but also tensions between the excitements of digital engagement and the agendas of class curriculum and thematic inquiry. Two school classes were observed, working in existing Museum natural history or art display areas, then extending their thematic learning using 3D imaging, augmented reality, virtual reality and digital animation media. Researchers found that, situated against the conventional applications of digitally enhanced museum experiences, Hīnātore learning ‘challenges’ broke new ground in the synthesis of digital technologies into museum‐based learning, in ways that complemented existing school access to digital technologies, or informed aspirational strategies for future adoptions. Tracking Hīnātore activities a year later, researchers found the commitment of Museum educators to reflexive practice and innovative problem solving had generated engaging and satisfying ways of melding display experience, content learning, and ways of using the digital toolbox as a transferable, sustainable, and classroom‐friendly learning medium.
The Movement for Memory: Statements of Solidarity from Sites of Conscience
Authors: Norris Linda , Paynter Braden , Nelson Ashley 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe authors consolidate here statements of solidarity made by Sites of Conscience – museums, historic sites and memory initiatives dedicated to using past struggles to address human rights today – in response to the killing of George Floyd, an unarmed African American man, by a police officer on May 25, 2020, and the global civil unrest that followed. The eight statements address a range of relevant issues from the historic connections between slavery, Jim Crow, mass incarceration and police brutality today; to the importance of amplifying black voices; to the vital role museums must take to dismantle racist practices in their own organizations. As a collection, they speak to the integral role of allyship in advocacy movements and can assist museum leaders in utilizing and articulating their own institution’s collection, history, and voice in supporting movements for social justice.