bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the effect of linear feedback and parametric pumping on a resonator’s frequency stability
Authors: Mohammadi Zohreh , Heugel Toni L , Miller James M L , Shin Dongsuk D , Kwon Hyun-Keun , Kenny Thomas W , Chitra Ramasubramanian , Zilberberg Oded , Villanueva Luis Guillermo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Resonant sensors based on micro- and nano-electro mechanical systems (M/NEMS) are ubiquitous in many sensing applications due to their outstanding performance capabilities, which are directly proportional to the quality factor (Q) of the devices. We address here a recurrent question in the field: do dynamical techniques that modify the effective Q (namely parametric pumping and direct drive velocity feedback) affect the performance of said sensors? We develop analytical models of both cases, while remaining in the linear regime, and introduce noise in the system from two separate sources: thermomechanical and amplifier (read-out) noise. We observe that parametric pumping enhances the quality factor in the amplitude response, but worsens it in the phase response on the resonator. In the case of feedback, we find that Q is enhanced in both cases. Then, we establish a solution for the noisy problem with direct drive and parametric pumping simultaneously. We also find that, in the case when thermomechanical noise dominates, no benefit can be obtained from either artificial Q-enhancement technique. However, in the case when amplifier noise dominates, we surprisingly observe that a significant advantage can only be achieved using parametric pumping in the squeezing region.
Quantifying the contribution of temperature anomaly to stroke risk in China
Authors: Xue Tao , Guan Tianjia , Zheng Yixuan , Zhang Qiang , Guo Jian , Liu Yuanli , Zhu Tong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Epidemiological studies have quantitatively linked adverse health outcomes, including stroke, to ambient temperature. However, such analyses cannot be applied to estimate disease burden attributable to climate change, because they assume a theoretical minimum risk reference based on an optimal temperature, which is a post hoc estimator that cannot be generalized to the unstudied locations. In this study, we used temperature anomaly (TA), an alternative indicator of climate change, in epidemiological studies to address this issue. We associated geo-coded nationwide stroke data (n = 11 144) from 2000 to 2016 in China to TA with a lag-distributed nonlinear model. For 0–2 lagged days, the risk of stroke increased by 20% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3%–40%) for irregular cold and 19% (95% CI: 3%–37%) for irregular heat. The exposure-response function was estimated as a U-shaped curve centered at a TA value of 0. Based on the function, an estimated 3.42% of stroke cases were attributable to TA. In addition, there were more strokes attributable to heat (2.05%) than cold (1.38%). TA-attributable strokes due to climate change increased by 0.019% (95% CI: 0.008%–0.031%) per year. Furthermore, the long-term trend was dominated by the increase in events involving heat. In contrast to cold-attributable stroke, which potentially decreased by 0.004% (95% CI: −0.005%–0.013%) per year, the heat-attributable burden increased by 0.023% (95% CI: 0.012%–0.034%) per year. We also found that ischemic stroke was associated with cold (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00–1.38), while hemorrhagic stroke was associated with heat (OR = 1.66, 1.07–2.58). Our findings are of importance to public health for climate change mitigation and for predictions of future effects in climate change scenarios.
Exact solution of coupled 1D non-linear Burgers’ equation by using Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM): A review
Authors: Kapoor Mamta 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the current paper, a review of the Homotopy perturbation method is offered thoroughly to fetch the analytical solution of coupled 1D non-linear Burgers’ equation. The exact solution of the coupled 1D Burgers’ equation is attained in the system of a power series, (convergent in nature). A suitable optimal of the initial condition leads towards the vital exact solution after some iterative phases.
Limited effects of exposure to fake news about climate change
Authors: Drummond Caitlin , Siegrist Michael , Árvai Joseph 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The spread of ‘fake news,’ information that mimics credible reporting in format but not in content or intent, poses potential threats to public health and democracy by misinforming citizens. Understanding whether and how fake news influences individuals’ policy-relevant beliefs and decisions is needed to inform policies and practices to address it. In a preregistered experiment, we ask how exposure to fake climate news casting doubt on the existence of climate change influences individuals’ expressed belief in climate change, their estimate of the scientific consensus regarding it, and their overall trust in scientists. We find little effect of exposure to fake climate news on any of our three dependent variables. Effect sizes associated with exposure were very small, and demographics and political ideology were stronger predictors of beliefs. Our findings suggest exposure to fake climate news is unlikely to strongly influence climate skepticism.
Repeating Authorial Blackface in Analogous Adaptation of Probably GhostwrittenThe Dark Child
Authors: Larsen Mads 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAfter decades of investigation, leading scholars conclude that the founding novel of francophone African literature was likely written by Europeans. Camara Laye’s The Dark Child (1953) was sold as an autobiography and became the most read African novel in French. The idyllic narrative that African critics accused of colonial apologetics is now accused by Western scholars of being the product of an anti-independence conspiracy supported by François Mitterrand. When claims of ghost-writing were still dismissed as petty African jealousy, Laurent Chevallier relocated Laye’s childhood story to present-day Guinea with an analogous film adaptation that both builds on and parallels the novel. The French director introduces L’enfant noir (1995) not as his own interpretation but that of Laye’s relatives who also act in his film. Although Chevallier sells his story as authentically local, his Eurocentric adaptation of gender, polygamy, and reproduction has provoked accusations of Western plotting against African values.
Characteristics and Effectiveness of Alcohol Website Age Gates Preventing Underage User Access
Authors: Barry Adam E , Primm Kristin , Russell Hannah , Russell Alex M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Examine and evaluate the overall effectiveness of age gates preventing access of underage users to alcohol websites.

Methods
Assess the characteristics of digital age gates among the top 25 alcohol brands among American adolescents, including type of age gate employed and resulting actions of repeated access requests indicating the user was under the legal drinking age.

Results
All official alcohol brand websites examined included an age gate, requiring either entering one’s date of birth (DOB, 91%) or clicking a yes/no box indicating they were of legal drinking age (9%). Only one out of every five alcohol websites blocked futures attempts to gain access after entering a response indicating the user was under the legal drinking age. Users were allowed indefinite attempts to enter a DOB that was of legal drinking age, with the majority of websites subsequently granting access even after multiple underage entries.

Conclusions
Alcohol website visitors with minimal arithmetic abilities, such as very young youth, are able to employ ‘trial and error’ to eventually enter an acceptable legal drinking DOB and gain access. Alcohol brand age gates are weak, at best, and likely an inconsequential barrier that someone with limited math abilities can easily overcome.
First Real-world Evidence of Meningococcal Group B Vaccine, 4CMenB, Protection Against Meningococcal Group W Disease: Prospective Enhanced National Surveillance, England
Authors: Ladhani Shamez N , Campbell Helen , Andrews Nick , Parikh Sydel R , White Joanne , Edelstein Michael , Clark Stephen A , Lucidarme Jay , Borrow Ray , Ramsay Mary E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
4CMenB is a protein-based meningococcal B vaccine, but the vaccine antigens may be present on non–group B meningococci. In September 2015, the UK implemented 4CMenB into the national infant immunization program, alongside an emergency adolescent meningococcal ACWY (MenACWY) program to control a national outbreak of group W (MenW) disease caused by a hypervirulent strain belonging to the ST-11 clonal complex. The adolescent program aimed to provide direct protection for adolescents and indirect protection across the population.

Methods
Public Health England conducts meningococcal disease surveillance in England. MenW cases confirmed during 4 years before and 4 years after implementation of both vaccines were analyzed. Poisson models were constructed to estimate direct protection against MenW disease offered by the infant 4CMenB program along with the indirect impact of the adolescent MenACWY program in children eligible for 4CMenB but not MenACWY.

Results
Model estimates showed 69% (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], .31; 95% CI, .20–.67) and 52% (aIRR, .48; 95% CI, .28–.81) fewer MenW cases than predicted among age-cohorts that were fully- and partly-eligible for 4CMenB, respectively. There were 138 MenW cases in &lt;5-year-olds. 4CMenB directly prevented 98 (95% CI, 34–201) cases, while the MenACWY program indirectly prevented an additional 114 (conservative) to 899 (extreme) cases over 4 years. Disease severity was similar in 4CMenB-immunized and unimmunized children.

Conclusions
This is the first real-world evidence of direct protection afforded by 4CMenB against MenW:cc11 disease. 4CMenB has the potential to provide some protection against all meningococcal serogroups.
Are our phylomorphospace plots so terribly tangled? An investigation of disorder in data simulated under adaptive and nonadaptive models
Authors: Stayton C Tristan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContemporary methods for visualizing phenotypic evolution, such as phylomorphospaces, often reveal patterns which depart strongly from a naïve expectation of consistently divergent branching and expansion. Instead, branches regularly crisscross as convergence, reversals, or other forms of homoplasy occur, forming patterns described as “birds’ nests”, “flies in vials”, or less elegantly, “a mess”. In other words, the phenotypic tree of life often appears highly tangled. Various explanations are given for this, such as differential degrees of developmental constraint, adaptation, or lack of adaptation. However, null expectations for the magnitude of disorder or “tangling” have never been established, so it is unclear which or even whether various evolutionary factors are required to explain messy patterns of evolution. I simulated evolution along phylogenies under a number of varying parameters (number of taxa and number of traits) and models (Brownian motion, Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU)-based, early burst, and character displacement (CD)] and quantified disorder using 2 measures. All models produce substantial amounts of disorder. Disorder increases with tree size and the number of phenotypic traits. OU models produced the largest amounts of disorder—adaptive peaks influence lineages to evolve within restricted areas, with concomitant increases in crossing of branches and density of evolution. Large early changes in trait values can be important in minimizing disorder. CD consistently produced trees with low (but not absent) disorder. Overall, neither constraints nor a lack of adaptation is required to explain messy phylomorphospaces—both stochastic and deterministic processes can act to produce the tantalizingly tangled phenotypic tree of life.
A Collection of Benchmark Data Sets for Knowledge Graph-based Similarity in the Biomedical Domain
Authors: Cardoso Carlota , Sousa Rita T , Köhler Sebastian , Pesquita Catia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The ability to compare entities within a knowledge graph is a cornerstone technique for several applications, ranging from the integration of heterogeneous data to machine learning. It is of particular importance in the biomedical domain, where semantic similarity can be applied to the prediction of protein–protein interactions, associations between diseases and genes, cellular localization of proteins, among others. In recent years, several knowledge graph-based semantic similarity measures have been developed, but building a gold standard data set to support their evaluation is non-trivial.
We present a collection of 21 benchmark data sets that aim at circumventing the difficulties in building benchmarks for large biomedical knowledge graphs by exploiting proxies for biomedical entity similarity. These data sets include data from two successful biomedical ontologies, Gene Ontology and Human Phenotype Ontology, and explore proxy similarities calculated based on protein sequence similarity, protein family similarity, protein–protein interactions and phenotype-based gene similarity. Data sets have varying sizes and cover four different species at different levels of annotation completion. For each data set, we also provide semantic similarity computations with state-of-the-art representative measures.
Database URL: https://github.com/liseda-lab/kgsim-benchmark.
Assessing Vocabulary in Deaf and Hearing Children using Finnish Sign Language
Authors: Kanto Laura , Syrjälä Henna , Mann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study investigates children’s vocabulary knowledge in Finnish Sign Language (FinSL), specifically their understanding of different form-meaning mappings by using a multilayered assessment format originally developed for British Sign Language (BSL). The web-based BSL vocabulary test by Mann (2009) was adapted for FinSL following the steps outlined by Mann, Roy and Morgan (2016) and piloted with a small group of deaf and hearing native signers (N = 24). Findings showed a hierarchy of difficulty between the tasks, which is concordant with results reported previously for BSL and American Sign Language (ASL). Additionally, the reported psychometric properties of the FinSL vocabulary test strengthen previous claims made for BSL and ASL that the underlying construct is appropriate for use with signed languages. Results also add new insights into the adaptation process of tests from one signed language to another and show this process to be a reliable and valid way to develop assessment tools in lesser-researched signed languages such as FinSL.
The highly conserved chromosomal periodicity of transcriptomes and the correlation of its amplitude with the growth rate in Escherichia coli
Authors: Nagai Motoki , Kurokawa Masaomi , Ying Bei-Wen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe growth rate, representing the fitness of a bacterial population, is determined by the transcriptome. Chromosomal periodicity, which is known as the periodic spatial pattern of a preferred chromosomal distance in microbial genomes, is a representative overall feature of the transcriptome; however, whether and how it is associated with the bacterial growth rate are unknown. To address these questions, we analysed a total of 213 transcriptomes of multiple Escherichia coli strains growing in an assortment of culture conditions varying in terms of temperature, nutrition level and osmotic pressure. Intriguingly, Fourier transform analyses of the transcriptome identified a common chromosomal periodicity of transcriptomes, which was independent of the variation in genomes and environments. In addition, fitting of the data to a theoretical model, we found that the amplitudes of the periodic transcriptomes were significantly correlated with the growth rates. These results indicated that the amplitude of periodic transcriptomes is a parameter representing the global pattern of gene expression in correlation with the bacterial growth rate. Thus, our study provides a novel parameter for evaluating the adaptiveness of a growing bacterial population and quantitatively predicting the growth dynamics according to the global expression pattern.
Switch from minimally invasive biventricular mechanical support to cardiopulmonary bypass during heart transplant
Authors: Settepani Fabrizio , Marianeschi Stefano Maria , Costetti Alessandro , Russo Claudio Francesco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An easily reproducible surgical technique to switch from percutaneous minimally invasive biventricular mechanical support to cardiopulmonary bypass during heart transplantation is illustrated. After cannulation of the distal ascending aorta with a standard arterial cannula, the ProtekDuo® cannula and the ProtekSolo® Transseptal cannula were partially retracted to reach the superior and inferior vena cava, respectively, and connected to the pump circuit for the venous drainage. With this cardiopulmonary bypass configuration, orthotopic heart transplantation was routinely performed and, at the end of the procedure, the 2 cannulas were uneventfully removed.
Impact of COVID-19 on the food supply chain
Authors: Aday Serpil , Aday Mehmet Seckin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A pandemic is not a new event encountered in the history of humanity because mankind has faced various pandemics in history. The common point of pandemics is their serious negative effects on the global economy. Considering the food supply chain, one of the most important sectors of the economy, it has been seen that COVID-19 has an impact on the whole process from the field to the consumer. In the light of recent challenges in food supply chain, there is now considerable concern about food production, processing, distribution, and demand. COVID-19 resulted in the movement restrictions of workers, changes in demand of consumers, closure of food production facilities, restricted food trade policies, and financial pressures in food supply chain. Therefore, governments should facilitate the movement of workers and agri-food products. In addition, small farmers or vulnerable people should be supported financially. Facilities should change the working conditions and maintain the health and safety of employees by altering safety measures. Food protectionist policies should be avoided to prevent an increase in food prices. In conclusion, each country must realize the severity of the situation and sometimes should tighten or loosen the measures according to the spread of the pandemic. The supply chain also should be flexible enough to respond to the challenges in the food supply chain. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the agriculture and food sector and to summarize the recommendations required to reduce and control the effect of the pandemic.
Religious dietary rules and their potential nutritional and health consequences
Authors: Chouraqui Jean-Pierre , Turck Dominique , Briend André , Darmaun Dominique , Bocquet Alain , Feillet François , Frelut Marie-Laure , Girardet Jean-Philippe , Guimber Dominique , Hankard Regis , Lapillonne Alexandre , Peretti Noel , Roze Jean-Christophe , Siméoni Umberto , Dupont Christophe ,   the Committee on Nutrition of the French Society of Pediatrics
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe vast majority of the world population declares affiliation to a religion, predominantly Christianity and Islam. Many religions have special dietary rules, which may be more or less strictly adhered to.MethodsReligious food rules were collected from holy books and religious websites as well as their translation into dietary practices. The literature was searched for potential associations between these rules and potential nutritional consequences.ResultsJewish, Islamic and Indian religions support prolonged breastfeeding. Religious avoidance of alcohol is probably beneficial to health. When strictly applied, a few rules may lead to nutritional inadequacies, mainly in populations living in unfavourable socio-economic or environmental conditions. In Jewish and Muslim observants, animal slaughtering procedures may increase the risk of iron deficiency. Jews may be at risk of excess sodium intake related to home-prepared foods. A vegan diet, as observed by some believers, often by drifting from original precepts, or by some Hindus or Buddhists, may result in vitamin B12, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and n-3 fatty acids deficiencies.ConclusionWhen implemented in accordance with the rules, most religious food precepts are not detrimental to health, as suggested by the fact that they have more or less been followed for millennia. Nevertheless, some practices may lead to nutritional inadequacies, such as iron, calcium, vitamin D and vitamin B12 deficiencies. Patients with low socio-economic status, children and women of childbearing age are of particular risk of such deficiencies. Being aware of them should help health professionals to take an individualized approach to decide whether to supplement or not.
Sensitive, Highly Multiplexed Sequencing of Microhaplotypes From thePlasmodium falciparumHeterozygome
Authors: Tessema Sofonias K , Hathaway Nicholas J , Teyssier Noam B , Murphy Maxwell , Chen Anna , Aydemir Ozkan , Duarte Elias M , Simone Wilson , Colborn James , Saute Francisco , Crawford Emily , Aide Pedro , Bailey Jeffrey A , Greenhouse Bryan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTargeted next-generation sequencing offers the potential for consistent, deep coverage of information-rich genomic regions to characterize polyclonal Plasmodium falciparum infections. However, methods to identify and sequence these genomic regions are currently limited.MethodsA bioinformatic pipeline and multiplex methods were developed to identify and simultaneously sequence 100 targets and applied to dried blood spot (DBS) controls and field isolates from Mozambique. For comparison, whole-genome sequencing data were generated for the same controls.ResultsUsing publicly available genomes, 4465 high-diversity genomic regions suited for targeted sequencing were identified, representing the P. falciparum heterozygome. For this study, 93 microhaplotypes with high diversity (median expected heterozygosity = 0.7) were selected along with 7 drug resistance loci. The sequencing method achieved very high coverage (median 99%), specificity (99.8%), and sensitivity (90% for haplotypes with 5% within sample frequency in dried blood spots with 100 parasites/µL). In silico analyses revealed that microhaplotypes provided much higher resolution to discriminate related from unrelated polyclonal infections than biallelic single-nucleotide polymorphism barcodes.ConclusionsThe bioinformatic and laboratory methods outlined here provide a flexible tool for efficient, low-cost, high-throughput interrogation of the P. falciparum genome, and can be tailored to simultaneously address multiple questions of interest in various epidemiological settings.