bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Abandona Leibniz la concepción del espacio como lugar universal de las cosas después de 1671? Observaciones críticas al artículo de Federico Raffo Quintana
Authors: Silva Camilo 
Published: December 2019

En la siguiente discusión presento algunas objeciones al artículo de Federico Raffo Quintana “La noción de ‘espacio’ en los escritos juveniles de Leibniz” (Diánoia, vol. 62, no. 78, 2017, pp. 75–97). Contra la interpretación de Raffo, quien considera que la concepción del espacio como lugar universal de las cosas es una idea que Leibniz abandona de manera muy temprana —según el autor en 1671—, intento mostrar que esta concepción trasciende sin duda el periodo de los escritos juveniles de Leibniz y que ciertas confusiones conceptuales en la lectura de Raffo hacen que, en vez de ver una armónica continuidad en la teoría del espacio de Leibniz, vea en ella una ruptura en su evolución histórica, a la que, además, asocia algunas dicotomías discutibles o espurias.
Evaluation of toxicity and response to oxidative stress generated by orthodontic bands in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Bandeira Alexandre Marcos , Martinez Elizabeth Ferreira , Demasi Ana Paula Dias 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the cytotoxicity of stainless-steel orthodontic bands and their influence on the expression of the antioxidant genes in human gingival fibroblasts.

Materials and Methods:
Ten bands of each brand (Dentsply-Sirona, Dentaurum, TP Orthodontics, and Morelli) were conditioned in 0.2 g/mL culture medium at 37°C for 14 days, and the corresponding conditioned media were applied over the fibroblasts. Cell viability was assessed after 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure to the conditioned media by trypan blue exclusion assay. Expression of the antioxidant defense genes peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction after 24 hours of exposure. These parameters were compared to those of the cells not exposed to the conditioned media of the bands (control).

Results:
All bands promoted a reduction in the number of viable cells in the periods of 48 and 72 hours (P &lt; .01). Analysis of gene expression showed a significant increase in the levels of PRDX1 transcripts caused by the conditioned media of the Dentsply-Sirona, TP Orthodontics, and Morelli bands (P &lt; .01) as well as induction of SOD1 by the conditioned media of the Dentaurum and Morelli (P &lt; .01). Expression of GPX1 was not influenced by the conditioned media.

Conclusions:
The orthodontic bands showed toxicity to fibroblasts and increased the expression of PRDX1 and SOD1 antioxidant genes, indicating induction of oxidative stress in the cells.
Proximate Composition, Physical, Functional, and Sensory Properties of Gurasa Produced from Flours of Indigenous Wheat Cultivars, Pearl Millet and Cowpea
Authors: Barde Aminu , Badau Mamudu Halidu , Agbara Gervase Ikechukwu , Lawan Hadiza Kubura 
Published: December 2019

The quality of the three local wheat varieties, pearl millet and cowpea composite based gurasa (a Nigerian traditional flat bread) were evaluated. A 3x4x2 factorial design comprising 3 wheat cultivars, 4 levels of pearl millet substitution and 2 levels of cowpea that yielded 24 experimental group in addition to a 100% commercial wheat flour sample were employed for gurasa production. The proximate composition, weight, volume, swelling power, solubility index, water absorption capacity and acceptability of the gurasa were determined using standard methods. Water absorption ranged from 50 to 55% and increased with addition of cowpea flour. Swelling power decreased with increase in the solubility of the flour. Gurasa supplemented with pearl millet and cowpea had the highest protein (14.58%), crude fats (4.93%) and energy (333.13kcal/100 g) which increased with the level of substitution. Weight and volume of the gurasa ranged from 128.33 to 153.33g and 186.67 to 386.67 cm3 respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that all the gurasa products were acceptable in terms of colour, taste, aroma and texture when compared with the control gurasa.Â Gurasa produced from the blends of local wheat cultivars, millet and cowpea increased the protein content as well as lysine (essential amino acid) that can satisfy the dietary requirement of human, especially for local consumers.
Analysis of the Current and Potential Future Climate Hazards and their Impacts on Livelihoods and Adaptation Strategies in Arid and Semiarid Lands
Authors: Wambua Boniface N. 
Published: December 2019

The study was carried out in four selected counties within the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALS) of Kenya namely Garrisa, West Pokot, Kilifi and Tana River which were under Kenya-Adaptation to Climate Change in Arid Lands (KACCAL) program. The study focused on the current and potential future climate hazards and their impacts on livelihoods and adaptation strategies within the framework of Kenya â€“ adaptation to climate change in arid lands. The ASALS covers 80% of Kenyaâ€™s land mass and support about 70 percent of the national livestock population and 90% of wildlife resources. Despite the great potential for development in the ASALS, the areas have continued experiencing great climate hazards leading to severe impacts on household livelihoods. The study methodology involved identification and assessing the major climatic hazards experienced for many years and implementation of adaptation strategies by the local communities. This involved a review of operating/ existing assessment of Climate Risks in Agriculture and Rural Development, Field visits, data collection and stakeholder consultation through a series of intensive questionnaire interviews with farmers, project Planners and managers and county officials in the four counties.The results showed that the four counties under study have been affected by droughts, floods, gusty winds and landslides hazards associated with climate change which have affected the livelihoods of the communities living in the ASALS. The impacts have been felt in food insecurity, scarcity of water resources, loss of livestock resources, persisted crop failure, increased malnutrition cases leading to infant morbidity and mortality among others. The intervention strategies to manage the climate change impacts Â applied by stakeholders among other well-wishers are; distribution of food relief, provision of shelter, provision of tents, building gabions, moving families at high risk to saver grounds, construction of water dams and pans. At household level, intervention strategies used are diversification of livelihoods, growing of fodder crops to supplement the natural pasture, charcoal burning, growing of drought resistant crops among others. Subsequently, the study recommends that more awareness should be created among local communities so that they diversify their livelihoods to cope with changing climate. The stakeholder working in ASALs, County governments and National government should invest more on intervention strategies to management climate change impactsCommunities living in ASALs and other stakeholders should be trained on how to use tools and methodologies developed in order to monitor impacts of climate change in their respective counties and implement the appropriate intervention strategies to ensure households recover from impacts associated to of climate change. In other words, capacity building at community, county and national government should be a top priority.
A Comparison of Rusunawa A4 IPB Building Storey Shear using Seismic Code of SNI 1726-2002 and SNI 1726-2012
Authors: Fajarrachman Isandre , Erizal Mr. , Widyarti Meiske 
Published: December 2019

Indonesia is a high-risk earthquake country. It passed by Pacific Ring of Fire and surrounded by Eurasian, Pacific, Philippines and Indo-Australian plates. Indonesia government has already made an earthquake anticipation with applied Â Indonesian National Standard (SNI)1726-2012 to prevent building collapse and structural failure. SNI 1726-2012 is an updated version of seismic standard code of SNI 1726-2002. The application of SNI 1726-2012 would make an existing building which was designed with SNI 1726-2002, generates a different result of storey shear. This situation made an uncertainty of building safety. The purpose of this study is to compare two storey shear between seismic code of SNI 1726-2002 and SNI 1726-2012 at the Rusunawa A4 IPB Building. This study used equivalent static method to obtain storey shear force based on the two of seismic standard code. The result of the comparison of storey shear between SNI 1726-2002 and SNI 1726-2012, it showed storey shear in SNI 1726-2012 at canopy storey-6, roof storey-5, storey-4, storey-3, storey-2 and story-1 are increased by 12.31%, 11.51%, 10.14%, 8.59%, 6.48% and 3.01% compared to the storey shear in SNI 1726-2002.
Antioxidant Effects of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> in Diabetic Rats
Authors: GarcÃ­a-Cerrillo Diana , Noriega-Cisneros Ruth , PeÃ±a-Montes Donovan , Huerta-Cervantes Maribel , Silva-RÃ­os MÃ³nica , Salgado-Garciglia Rafael , Montoya-PÃ©rez RocÃ­o , Saavedra-Molina Alfredo 
Published: December 2019

Metabolic diseases have increased considerably such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Since diabetes is a systemic disease, it implies high cardiovascular risks. It has been widely established that cardiac injury is related to mitochondrial dysfunction through increment of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Synthetic antioxidants can have important side effects; therefore natural sources may represent a better option. Traditional Mexican medicine has been using Eryngium carlinae (EC) for medical treatment. Also our group showed that hexanic extract possesses in vitro antioxidant capacity. Experimental diabetes in Wistar rats was generated by streptozotocin (STZ) and hexanic extract of EC was supplied for 7 weeks (30 mg/kg). Cholesterol, triacylglycerides, glucose, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined in serum. Mitochondria from left ventricle were used in the quantification of TBARS, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide (NO) levels and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme was performed.Â Biochemical parameters of glucose and triacylglycerides, as well as TBARS levels in serum show a significant reduction in diabetic group supplied with EC hexanic extract. Thus, we can conclude that the EC hexanic extract possesses antioxidant activity in vitro, and in vivo, by reducing glucose and triacylglycerides levels during hyperglycemia, which may eventually reduce the risk of developing diabetic cardiomyopathy.
The Effect of Milieu Therapy towards Knowledge of Caregivers and Relaps Response Patients Mental Disorders in Hospital
Authors: Siahaan Nurdiana , Haryati Omi , Halimah Nur 
Published: December 2019

Patients with mental disorder need the regularly strong support system from their surroundings, one of the support system that most closely is the family including the parents and other people that live together with the clients. Knowledge of Caregivers about carrying patients with mental disorders is very important. Sometimes they faced some troubles because lack of knowledge how to care patient with the mental disorder,Â This research aim is to know the effectiveness of milieu therapy toward Caregivers knowledge, attitudes, and the response of the recurrence for patients with mental disorder. The research methodology used a quasi-experiment pretest and posttest design.Â Using by purposive samplingÂ 35 respondents were involved in this study. The research took place in Jakarta, Indonesia. The results of research is that the knowledge of caregiver before and after the intervention of the very means where the P value, 0.000, There is no difference about attitudeÂ caregivers before and after the intervention towards occurrence with P value is 0,402, There is a difference before and after intervention of caregiver to the patient for doing milieu therapy with p-value 0.000. Conclusion: Milieu therapy made the patient with mental disorder having activities in their daily living, so there is no time for thinking the past days that made recurrence.
Food and Trophic Relationships of Four Mullet Fish (Mugilidae) in the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq
Authors: Mohamed Abdul-Razak M , Abood Abdullah N. 
Published: December 2019

Food composition and feeding relationships of four mullet species, Planliza abu, P. subviridis, P. klunzingeri and Osteomugil speigleri from the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq, were assessed during 2016-2017.Fish were captured by gill nets, cast net and electro-fishing. The index of relative importance (IRI%) of food item was determined by combined the frequency of occurrence and points methods. Monthly variations in feeding activity and intensity of all species were observed. All species were herbivorous and P. abu andÂ P. klunzingeri were considered non-specialized feeders, while P. subviridis and O. speigleri were low specialist feeders. P. abu fed mainly on diatoms (38.6%), high plants (21.7%), algae (15.9%), detritus (15.3%), fish eggs (6.9%) and zooplankton (1.6%).The diet of P. subviridis constituted from diatoms (42.2%), high plants (20.9%), detritus (17.7%), algae (15.9%), zooplankton (2.0%) and fish eggs (1.8%). P. klunzingeri fed mainly on diatoms (35.5%), high plants (29.3%), detritus (16.4%), algae (13.4%), fish eggs (4.1%) and zooplankton (2.4%). O. speigleri were consumed mainly diatoms (52.0%), detritus (17.8%), algae (16.6%), high plants (10.7%), zooplankton (2.5%) and fish eggs (2.4%).Similarity dendrogram among fish species based on their diet showed high significant overlaps among the mullet species. It means that these species might be in direct competition for food in the Shatt Al-Arab River.
Innovation in Uruguay: New Perspectives on Public Policies and Education
Authors: Leite Ivonaldo 
Published: December 2019

This paper aims to present a general perspective of the actions developed by the Uruguayan Broad Front, which has been defined as an example of reformed left in Latin America. The Broad Front has governed Uruguay since 2005 and has implemented several alternative and innovative policies. Methodologically, the paper is empirically supported by data and information derived of interviews conducted in Montevideo, as well of the analysis of official documents.Â Among the results found out, it can be highlighting the following sample: 1) innovative programmes focused on most disadvantaged young children and their families like Uruguay Crece Contigo [Uruguay grows with you] have been successfully put in place and scaled up; 2) the institution of the Salary Councils (tripartite councils made up of government representatives, businesses and workers) stimulated the formalization of work and the rise in salaries, as well as the strengthening Â of unions; 3) the creation of the Ministry of Social Development (MIDES) as a new centralized social authority, which shares jurisdiction with the Social Security Bank (BPS) and the Ministry of Health; 4) in the face of the failure of the so-called drug war, the regulation of the cannabis market was approved during the term of President JosÃ© Mujica. Conclusively, itâ€™s affirmed, for instance, that the Broad Front perspectives and the policies it has implemented in Uruguay have instituted a new conception of the left in Latin America.
The Study of Vietnamese Bonechar Synthesis and its Applications in Removal Organic Color
Authors: Son Nguyen Van , Cong Vo Thanh , Diem Do Quy , Nhat Tran Tan 
Published: December 2019

Biochar was synthesized from two material sources such as animal waste or plant waste. In this work, biochar was synthesized going from bovine bone waste at Vietnam country, called as Vietnamese bone char (VNBC). Many steps of process to VNBC synthesis, and its surface characteristics were investigated, respectively. The applications of VNBC being as adsorbents were examined then. The results of synthesis process were obtained the VNBC product sample with optimal condition to be at temperature of 650 oC, corresponding to 120 minutes. The analysis on surface properties of VNBC indicated that the specific surface area were 120.315 m2/g, with pore diameter as 87.48 Ã… measured by BJH (Barrett,Â JoynerÂ andÂ Halenda) method. The surface morphology with the particle size measured by SEM (Scanning Electronic Spectroscopy) method was 70 nm. The composition compounds of VNBC contained calcium carbonate-hydroxyl apatite with the formula was Ca10(PO4)5.65(CO3)0.64(OH)3.45 measured by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction Spectroscopy) methods, respectively. In application, VNBC uses at optimal condition as an adsorbent to remove the organic color solutions for instance KMnO4 and methylene blue (MB) were considered. The results of VNBC adsorbent to remove the colored solutions measured by UV/VIS (Ultraviolet Visible spectroscopy) method are obtained with adsorption capacity of KMnO4 as from 33.51 to 46.22 mg color/g BC, and MB from 12.1 to 15.04 mg color/g BC, respectively. These results shown that VNBC were able to use making a potential adsorbent in the treatment of wastewater contained organic color in industry.
Characterization of Low-Cost Materials as Human Tissue Equivalent Materials
Authors: Bakri Amirah Afiqah , Ab Razak Nik Noor Ashikin Nik 
Published: December 2019

A phantom is a mass of material which is similar to human tissue. It is used to investigate the effect of radiation beams on human beings and also to simulate some form of human organs or tissues such as bone, muscles and kidney. Phantom materials can range from water to complex chemical mixtures that faithfully mimic the human body as it would interact with radiation. In this study, four tissue equivalent materials (Vaseline, cork, white cement, and paraffin wax) were characterised through their attenuation coefficients (linear and mass attenuation coefficients), and mass density. Their attenuation coefficients were analysed using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy technique (EDS) with an Americium-241 source. The experimental results were compared with theoretical results from the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements,Â Report 44 (1989). This study proves that the lung-equivalent, brain matter-equivalent and bone-equivalent would be adequate to simulate lung, brain matter and bone tissue respectively.Â
Impacts of Saltwater Intrusion on the Fish Assemblage in the Middle Part of Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq
Authors: Mohamed Abdul-Razak M , Hameed Entisar K. 
Published: December 2019

In 2018, a serious changes in the salinity of the Shatt Al-Arab river, as salinity intrusion progressed further to upper reaches of the river due to sharply decline in river flow. Therefore, the fish assemblage structure in the middle of the river, fromÂ Sindbad and Abu Al-Khasibs was assessed during the period from January to December 2018. Fish were sampled by gill nets, cast net and electro-fishing from both sites. Salinity fluctuated from 2.0â€° (January) in both sites to 16.2 and 25.0% during August in both sites, respectively. 35 and 44 fish species were collected from both sites, respectively, these included 18 marine species in first site and 28 marine species in second site. Poecilia latipinna, Tenualosa ilisha and Oreochromis aureus were the dominant species in first site, whereas O. aureus, Carassius auratus and P. latipinna in second site. The index of species richness, diversity and evenness each showed a consistent seasonal pattern in both sites. The highest value of Bray-Curtis similarity index of fish species between both sites was noted during the period of low salinity. Findings indicate that the salinity values and the percentages of marine and occasional species were considerably higher than that documented in the previous studies on this part of the Â river.Â
Improving Magnetic Properties of BiFeO<sub>3</sub>-BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> Solid Solution by Different Sintering Time and Temperatures of Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Suastiyanti Dwita , Maulida Yuli Nurul , Wijaya Marlin 
Published: December 2019

Synthesis of BiFeO3-BaFe12O19 solid solution is aimed to enhanced magnetic properties of the material which can improve the quality of multiferroic properties of material. As we know that BiFeO3 is a multiferroic material if it is in single phase but unfortunately it is difficult to produce BiFeO3 in single phase, which can cause a large current leakage arising from non stoichiometric. It used sol gel method to produce BiFeO3-BaFe12O19 solid solution with weight ratio of 1;1. To know magnetic properties, it was used permagraph test which is type of MPS magnet â€“ Physic EP3 â€“ Permagraph L . The sintering temperature was 750, 800 and 850oC for 8, 10 and 12 hours respectively. There is no regularity in increasing and decreasing of remanent and coersivity properties with increasing sinter temperatures and time of sintering but there is an increasing magnetic energy with increasing sinter temperatures and time of sintering. The highest value of magnetic energy, 10.716 GkA/mÂ belongs to powder sintered at 850oC for 12 hours.
The Influence of Staff Welfare on Employee Performance at Public Service Commission in Kenya
Authors: Agusioma Nickson Lumwagi , Nyakwara Simon , Mwiti Evans 
Published: December 2019

Employees represents the human capital factor in all organizations and embodies all human abilities regardless of the intrinsic or learnt qualities, whose worth could be improved by suitable development investments.Â Thus, organizations needs to provide more attractive compensation and qualitative packages to enhance the motivation of the people through incorporation of staff welfare practices. The objective of the study was to determine effect of staff conflict resolution on employee performance at Public Service Commission in Kenya. The specific objectives were to establish the influence of retirement benefits, allowances/benefits, compensation and medical insurance on organization performance the Public Service Commission in Kenya. This research adopted descriptive survey research design approach. The target population in this study comprised of Â human resource department, staff welfare/public relations, and general management in the Public Service Commission in Kenya. The study sample size of 141 respondents were selected. The study selected the respondents using stratified proportionate random sampling technique. Data was collected mainly by use of semi structured questionnaires. Correlation and regression analysis were used to achieve the study objectives. The study found that staff welfare was positively and significantly affected employee performance. Therefore an increase in these factors will result in increased accessibility to increased employee performance. The study concludes that staff welfare is essential in creating a sense of recognition and satisfaction among the employees which improves their productivity. It is therefore also concluded that unbiased and competitive employee welfare framework should be established to evade poor employee turnover. The study recommends the managers and human resource practitioners to highly prioritize staff welfare as a key strategic practice in the organizations. Therefore, Human Resource Management is recommended to be undertaken as a tool for ensuring staff welfare are well addressed. It will help them in understanding the issues that affect the employees and their productivity.