bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law as a culturally constituted sign-system – A space for interpretation
Authors: Anne Wagner , Matulewska Aleksandra , Cheng Le 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to discuss legal language systems as culturally constituted sign-systems that are continuously evolving in time and space. To understand messages formulated in legal languages, one needs to realize that law is culture-bound, which in turn means that law reflects society’s mentality, tolerance, knowledge, social perceptions, etc. At the same time, law is a living reality impacted by various global phenomena and other legal systems. Therefore, this legal reality has “divergent potentialities” (Hasegawa, Ko. 2016. “A glance at the dynamics of ‘confluence’ in a legal system – notes on H. Patrick Glenn’s insights concerningLegal Traditions of the World”. InTransnational Legal Theory. Vol. 7/1: 1–8, 3), which enable it to develop in various directions depending on wider social, political and technological contexts. Additionally, when communicating law interlingually and intralingually, one needs to take into account the knowledge of senders and recipients since the degree of commensurability of law depends on the uniformity of interpretation on meanings. When discussing the issues of sign meaning interpretation, the authors will focus on non-decomposable units and fuzzy units. The meaning of such terms is subject to interpretation through the prism of tacit knowledge. Therefore, the interpretation of any culturally constituted sign-system is burdened with some loss of information and meaning deficiency.
Some perturbed inequalities of Ostrowski type for high-order differentiable functions and applications
Authors: Erden Samet , Sarikaya Mehmet Zeki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We firstly establish inequalities for functions whose high degree
derivatives are convex via an equality which was presented previously. Then
we derive inequalities for functions whose high-order derivatives are
absolutely continuous by using the same equality. In addition, we examine
connections between inequalities obtained in earlier works and our
results. Finally, some estimates of composite quadrature rules are given.
Collective Military Resistance and Popular Power: Views from the Late Republic (90–31 BC)
Authors: Machado Dominic 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article attempts to read the phenomenon of collective resistance in the Roman army of the Late Republic as political action. Taking my inspiration from post-colonial theories of popular power, I contend that we should not understand acts of collective resistance in military settings as simple events activated by a singular cause, but rather as expressions of individual and collective grievances with the status quo. Indeed, the variant practices of military recruitment in the Late Republic, and the exploitative nature of Rome’s imperial rule put oppressed groups – Italians, provincials, and former slaves – in constant contact with the state apparatus. Thus, military service offered an essential space for political action in the first century BC. These findings help us to better understand how popular power could be realized beyond traditional institutional settings in this period.
The effect of bee pollen on reproductive and biochemical parameters in methotrexate-induced testicular damage in adult rats
Authors: Saral Ozlem , Dokumacioglu Eda , Saral Sinan , Sumer Aysegul , Bulmus Ozgur , Kaya Seyma Ozer , Canpolat Sinan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesMethotrexate (MTX) is an anticancer drug used in chemotherapy. MTX was known for its toxic effects involving most of the organs including testis. Bee pollen is healthy food for human and has antioxidant effect. We intended to determine protective effect of bee pollen against testicular injury caused by MTX in rats.MethodsThirty-two adult Sprague Dawley male rats were used, and 4 groups were formed: control, MTX, pollen, and MTX + pollen. Rats were given pollen at a dose of 400 mg/kg with intragastric gavage for 10 days. On day 7, MTX was administered a single dose of 30 mg/kg ip. Serum testosterone and LH, tissue MDA level, and SOD and CAT enzyme activities were examined. In addition, spermatological parameters were evaluated.ResultsMDA level and SOD activity increased while testosterone level decreased significantly in the MTX group compared to the control group. In the MTX + pollen group, MDA level and SOD activity decreased while testosterone level increased. There was no significant change in CAT activity and LH values. Abnormal sperm ratio decreased in the MTX + pollen group compared to the MTX group.ConclusionsOur results suggest that bee pollen has a healing effect on reproductive parameters in testicular damage caused by MTX.
When is a Match Sufficient? A Score-based Balance Metric for the Synthetic Control Method
Authors: Parast Layla , Hunt Priscillia , Griffin Beth Ann , Powell David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In some applications, researchers using the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of a policy may struggle to determine whether they have identified a “good match” between the control group and treated group. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of the mean and maximum Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) as a test of balance between a synthetic control unit and treated unit, and provide guidance on what constitutes a poor fit when using a synthetic control. We explore and compare other potential metrics using a simulation study. We provide an application of our proposed balance metric to the 2013 Los Angeles (LA) Firearm Study [9]. Using Uniform Crime Report data, we apply the SCM to obtain a counterfactual for the LA firearm-related crime rate based on a weighted combination of control units in a donor pool of cities. We use this counterfactual to estimate the effect of the LA Firearm Study intervention and explore the impact of changing the donor pool and pre-intervention duration period on resulting matches and estimated effects. We demonstrate how decision-making about the quality of a synthetic control can be improved by using ASMD. The mean and max ASMD clearly differentiate between poor matches and good matches. Researchers need better guidance on what is a meaningful imbalance between synthetic control and treated groups. In addition to the use of gap plots, the proposed balance metric can provide an objective way of determining fit.
Stability estimates for reconstruction from the Fourier transform on the ball
Authors: Isaev Mikhail , Novikov Roman G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We prove Hölder-logarithmic stability estimates
for the problem of finding an integrable function v on

ℝ
d

{{\mathbb{R}}^{d}}

with a super-exponential decay at infinity
from its Fourier transform

ℱ
⁢
v

{\mathcal{F}v}

given on the ball

B
r

{B_{r}}

. These estimates arise from a Hölder-stable extrapolation of

ℱ
⁢
v

{\mathcal{F}v}

from

B
r

{B_{r}}

to a larger ball.
We also present instability examples showing an optimality of our results.
A comprehensive road map of modern communication through free-space optics
Authors: Sahoo Pritam Keshari , Yadav Ajay Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFree-space optical communication (FSO) has emerged as an opportunity for future generation high-speed wireless communication, substituting its radio frequency (RF) counterpart. Considering few fiber optics limitations, FSO has been gaining its popularity since last three decades. FSO has a wide band of operational frequencies ranging from far infrared (IR) to ultraviolet (UV). This review article basically talks about the use of near IR frequency advantages for FSO applications. Through this manuscript, authors try to reinforce a detail background knowledge about FSO through various evolutions by systems and techniques. There are many applications of FSO that have been discussed and experimented in many research publications through the years, but this review article presents an in-depth analysis of various challenges and system failures due to remote hindrances. Finally, the authors have briefed some performance enhancement techniques through several physical and network layer methods. Through this, the authors present a comprehensive review on FSO communication systems appropriately for learners and young researchers who are at their early stage in research on FSO.
Evaluation of hydration status of children with obesity—a pilot study
Authors: Celik Akif , Cebeci Ayse Nurcan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the hydration status between children with obesity and normal-weighted children and to determine whether obesity is related to less water consumption.

Methods
Children aged between 7 and 18 years with obesity (Group 1, n=31) were compared with nonobese healthy volunteers (Group 2, n=30) in terms of body composition analysis, urine density and daily fluid intake.

Results
The fluid intake per body surface of Group 1 was found significantly less than Group 2 (p<0.001). The urine density was found significantly higher in Group 1 (1020 (10) vs. 1015(10), p<0.001). Subjects in Group 1 had a higher percentage of body fat (p<0.001), lower percentages of total body water and fat-free mass (p=0.007 and <0.001, respectively). While 55% of subjects in Group 1 satisfied the recommended daily fluid intake, this was 80% in Group 2 (p=0.036). The consumption of SSBs was 71% in Group 1 and 20% in Group 2, with higher amount in Group 1 (median 200 vs. 0 mL, p<0.001).

Conclusions
Children with obesity had less fluid consumption, lower TBW percentages and higher urine density. The results of this cross-sectional study showed that children with obesity were less hydrated than normal weighted children.
Perinatal outcome of in vitro fertilization pregnancies in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by pregravid BMI
Authors: Abdulkhalikova Dzhamilyat , Korošec Sara , Blickstein Isaac , Tul Nataša , Bokal Eda Vrtačnik , Ban Frangez Helena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Given the adverse effects of either polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or overweight/obesity, one could speculate that patients with both would fare worse than others. We sought to evaluate the relationship between pregravid BMI and pregnancy complications in PCOS patients conceived by assisted reproductive techniques (ART).

Methods
Maternal and fetal/neonatal outcomes of singleton pregnancies after assisted reproduction in women with and without PCOS were compared by pregravid body mass index (BMI, <24.9 vs. ≥25 kg/cm2).

Results
The study population comprised 185 with a BMI <24.9 kg/cm2 including 39 (21%) with PCOS and 146 (79%) without. We also included 84 patients with BMI ≥25 kg/cm2, involving 34 (40.5%) with PCOS and 50 (59.5%) without. PCOS (total 73 patients) was significantly more common among overweight/obese patients, OR 2.5 (95% CI 1.4, 4.4). Neonates >4,000 g were born only to the overweight/obese mothers in the PCOS group. A higher incidence of gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, and gestational hypertension was related to pregravid overweight/obesity rather than PCOS.

Conclusions
In this specific subgroup of patients conceived after assisted reproduction, pregravid BMI>25 kg/cm2 rather than PCOS itself appears to be associated with GDM and hypertensive disorders.
Objects and materiality in pragmatic development: Here-and-now to then and-there
Authors: Geenen Jarret 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Language acquisition involves more than learning how to produce words in complex strings. It involves a diversity of aptitudes about how, when, with whom and in what way to use language abilities. While it is acknowledged that these skills are learned through social interaction (Blum-Kulka, S. (1997). Dinner talk: cultural patterns of sociability and socialization in family discourse. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, Mahwah, NJ; Rogoff, B. (2003). The cultural nature of human development. Oxford University Press, Oxford), our understanding about precisely how they emerge and how they are taught and learned remains preliminary at best. Additionally, much of our understanding is strictly limited to spoken language. The analysis and arguments herein detail the consequentiality of child directed interaction strategies (CDIS) which facilitate non-verbal actions and motivate episodic retrospection, making a tangible link between the current interaction and past experiences. Through a multimodal interaction analysis (Author and Pirini, J. (2020). Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis. In McKinley, J. and Rose, H. (Eds.) The Routledge handbook of research methods in applied linguistics. Rouledge, London, pp. 488–499; Norris, S. (2004). Analyzing multimodal interaction: a methodological framework. Routledge, London. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203379493; Norris, S. (2011). Identity in (inter)action: introducing Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis. de Gruyter Mouton, Berlin & New York. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781934078280; Norris, S. (2019). Systematically working with multimodal data: research methods in multimodal discourse analysis. Wiley Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ; Pirini, J. (2014). Introduction to Multimodal (Inter)action Analysis. In: Norris, S. and Maier, C. (Eds.). Interactions, texts and images: a reader in multimodality. Mouton de Gruyter, New York. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614511175.77) of the practice of showing material objects during interaction, I show that non-verbal action, material culture and the physical world are crucial to developing a certain socio-cognitive pragmatic aptitude. CDIS motivating ‘showing’ of tangible objects of personal significance may be the non-verbal antecedent of selecting and introducing new topics during interaction. These CDIS defer interactional agency and motivate non-verbal communicative actions more comfortably within the zone of proximal development. Importantly, the materiality of the objects themselves are of fleeting interactional priority. Instead, the objects provide a bridge between materiality in the here-and-now to past experiences in the there-and-then. Facilitating non-verbal actions of showing help motivate explorations of episodic memory by creating a tangible and immediate link within the unfolding interaction.
The lattices of 𝔏-fuzzy state filters in state residuated lattices
Authors: He Pengfei , Wang Juntao , Yang Jiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the paper, we introduce 𝔏-fuzzy state filters in state residuated lattices and investigate their related properties, where 𝔏 is a complete Heyting algebra. Moreover, we study the 𝔏-fuzzy state co-annihilator of an 𝔏-fuzzy set with respect to an 𝔏-fuzzy state filter. Finally, using the 𝔏-fuzzy state co-annihilator, we investigate lattice structures of the set of some types of 𝔏-fuzzy state filters in state residuated lattices. In particular, we prove that: (1) the set FSF[L] of all 𝔏-fuzzy state filters is a complete Heyting algebra; (2) the set Sν

FSF[L] of all stable state filters relative to an 𝔏-fuzzy set ν is also a complete Heyting algebra; (3) the set Iμ

FSF[L] of all involutory 𝔏-fuzzy state filters relative to an 𝔏-fuzzy state filter μ is a complete Boolean algebra.
Changing one’s mind: Reconsidering Fisch’s idea of framework transitions in (partly) Kierkegaardian fashion
Authors: Schulz Heiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article critically engages Menachem Fisch’s account of normative frameworks, in particular of (rational) transitions between them. I argue, first, that exposure to the normative criticism leveled at us by other human beings is indeed “capable of destabilizing normative commitment” to one’s own underlying framework beliefs and standards, as Fisch holds; however, closer scrutiny reveals that such exposure is neither sufficient nor necessary but rather accidental in this respect. Second, I will try to show that Søren Kierkegaard’s account of how people fundamentally change their mind provides resources for both a substantial critique of Fisch and a more adequate understanding of the transitions in question. The article argues, third, that Fisch’s framework model – though meaningful, in fact heuristically indispensable in and as of itself – has robust transcendental implications which as such are being ignored, if not directly denied by Fisch and, precisely by being ignored or denied, unnecessarily weaken the overall plausibility of his account. Finally, and ex post, I will address an important objection raised by some commentators.
Non-native EFL teachers’ email productionand perceptions of e-(im)politeness
Authors: Economidou-Kogetsidis Maria , Woodfield Helen , Savvidou Christine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study investigates the nature of email requests to faculty produced by non-native speaker (NNS) teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL), the importance attached by these teachers to linguistic forms designed to achieve email politeness and status-congruence, and the extent to which perceptions and evaluations by the NNS teachers and native-speaker (NS) lecturers might differ with regard to these emails. The study found that the non-native speaker teachers (NNSTs) evidenced a developed sense of sociopragmatic knowledge in high imposition L2 requests for action, and employed politeness strategies that were indicative of a concern to maintain social and face relationships in virtual consultations. It is argued that despite their advanced English language proficiency, the teachers’ reliance on directness, excessive formality, and lengthy grounders could still put them out-of-status and render their emails as pragmatically inappropriate. The study further confirmed significant differences in how the two groups perceive appropriateness and politeness in direct and unmodified student email requests to faculty. Overall, while the NSs judged the emails primarily according to their content and, to a lesser extent, according to their form and framing devices, the NNSTs focused almost exclusively on form and framing devices (in/formality, in/directness, nature and extent of mitigation, opening/closing moves, forms of address).
Testing the Effectiveness of Outlier Detecting Methods in Property Classification
Authors: Gnat Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe introduction of the property value tax in Poland may lead to an increase in the tax burden on real estate. Pilot studies may be carried out on samples and the results should feature a high degree of certainty as to the extrapolation of the results on populations (e.g. entire municipalities). Each study may, for various reasons, include outliers in the analyzed data sets. If their presence results from measurement errors or other reasons that cause such observations not to be the result of naturally occurring processes, they should be omitted in the calculations, because they interfere with the study of the occurring regularities.The study presents the results of statistical modelling carried out to determine whether individual objects (land properties), due to their attributes, are at risk of increasing the tax burden as a result of the introduction ofad valoremtax. First, logistic regression model estimation was carried out for the entire set of analyzed properties. Next, several methods of outlier detection were applied, and model estimation was repeated without the observations, i.e. real estates, pointed out as abnormal.The objective of the study is to verify the usefulness of outlier detecting methods in the context of improving the classification results of the analyzed properties.
Un caso de variación pragmático-discursiva:queinicial en tres variedades dialectales del español
Authors: Gras Pedro , Sansiñena María Sol 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a corpus-based interactional analysis of non-embedded indicativeque-clauses (IQCs) in three regional varieties of Spanish (Madrid, Spain; Santiago de Chile, Chile; and Buenos Aires, Argentina), using data from the corpus COLA (Corpus Oral del Lenguaje Adolescente). On the one hand, we show that IQCs exhibit regional variation regarding the discourse contexts in which they appear: not all contexts are equally available for each regional variety. Moreover, we argue that this variation can be placed on a cline that ranges from high discourse dependency to low discourse dependency, which might, in turn, suggest a divergent evolution of IQCs in the dialectal spectrum of Spanish. On the other hand, our analysis complements previous typologies of IQCs in two respects: (i) it describes the discourse contexts in which different types of IQCs are used, and (ii) it shows specific contexts and interpretations that had not been explicitly acknowledged in existing generative studies.
The intersemiotic affordances of photography and poetry
Authors: Langmann Sten , Gardner Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article explores the intersemiotic affordances of photography and poetry and the expansion of meaning that surpasses the meanings embedded in and elicited from both. We specifically investigate the processes and mechanisms of this semantic expansion by systematically reconstructing the compositional process of poems written from three photographs and forensically investigate how the poems emerged out of each visual frame. We discovered that intersemiosis between photography and poetry demonstrates a strong interpretative component. Intra-semiotic connections between elements within the photograph are interpreted by the viewer or writer and are translated by means of inter-semiotic triggers into intra-semiotic connections within the emerging poem during the process of composition. The resulting inter-semiotic connections between the photograph and the poem create and multiply meaning for both mediums together and independently. In other words, in the process of composition, the poem reads the meanings of components of the photograph framed by the photographer and super-frames them; creating a new frame of meanings that draw upon, and extend, meanings in the original frame of the photograph. At the same time, the poem enters a stage of self-change and self-reflection, inhabiting the life of the photograph.
Ewiger Mensch oder unsterbliche Maschine? Spiritual Care zwischen Transhumanismus und digitalem Kapitalismus
Authors: Krohn Michael 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hat die Macht, unseren Umgang mit Sterben und Tod dramatisch zu verändern. Damit ist in einer modernen kapitalistischen Gesellschaft das lukrative Ziel verbunden, die Lebensspanne der Patienten/-innen im Gesundheitssystem zu verlängern. In Verbindung mit dem technologischen Optimismus der philosophischen Strömung des Transhumanismus führt dies zukünftig zu grundlegenden neuen Herausforderungen für Spiritual Care.