bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Nitrogen in Crop, Fishery and Livestock Sectors of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur , Biswas Jatish Chandra 
Published: December 2020

Agriculture in Bangladesh is characterized by crop, fishery and livestock sectors. Urea-N is used in all three sectors. Crop sector plays a dominant role in urea consumption to supply of food for ever burgeoning population. Application of inorganic N fertilizer definitely increased agricultural productivity. This however playing a significant role in altering global nutrient budget, water quality, greenhouse gas emission, and ultimately affecting the global climate. Though cropping intensity and use of N fertilizer have increased, yield plateauing is a concern for food security. Recovery efficiency of N rarely exceeds 30% in both crop and fish culture, while remaining reactive N is a global concern. Different industries have emerged in the last decade producing huge amounts of effluents discharging to the environment without treatment which appeared as a potential threat in damaging and disintegrating the environment. Resultant negative effect from application of large amount of organic and inorganic fertilizers and feeds in fishponds is a matter of boundless anxiety as it might act as a source of reactive N. Livestock sector comprising poultry and dairy produce huge amount of manure annually which is equivalent to 0.30 million tons of N and because of poor manure management reactive N is spreading in the environment. Reluctant attitudes on these crucial issues might bring a disaster through stopping natural ecosystem functions of the environment from where ‘U’ turn will rather be impossible. Adoption of resource conservation strategies, judicial and optimum use of N fertilizers in all agricultural sectors, improved management of livestock manure and industrial effluents are strongly recommended for environmental sustainability.
The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 144-163
Jotain vanhaa ja jotain uutta
Authors: Okkonen Hannu , Isotalus Pekka 
Published: December 2020

Yliopistoista valmistuvilta edellytetään nykyisin monipuolisia viestintätaitoja. Siksi yliopistojen opetukseen on vakiintunut myös puheviestinnän opintojakso osaksi yliopistotutkintoihin sisältyviä pakollisia kieli- ja viestintäopintoja. Aikaisemmat selvitykset tästä opetuksesta osoittavat, että vuosikymmenien aikana opetuksessa on tapahtunut monenlaista kehitystä (Hyvärinen, Gerlander, Almonkari, & Isotalus, 2006; Gerlander, Hyvärinen, Almonkari, & Isotalus, 2009; Kaipomäki, 2011). Viime vuosina yliopistojen rakenteessa ja toiminnassa on kokonaisuudessaan tapahtunut suuria muutoksia. Myös viestinnän ilmiöt ja työelämässä tarvittava viestintäosaaminen ovat muutoksessa koko ajan. Lisäksi puheviestinnän opetusalan nimessä ja keskeisissä käsitteissä on tapahtunut muutoksia. Näistä on toistuvasti keskusteltu myös Prologoksen ProBlogissa, kuten esimerkiksi Jokirannan ym. (2018) kirjoituksessa, jossa kielikeskusten opettajia kannustetaan miettimään opetuksen keskeisintä sisältöä.
Tässä näkökulma-artikkelissa haluammekin kiinnittää huomiota puheviestinnän opetuksen nykytilaan kieli- ja viestintäopinnoissa erilaisten muutosten keskellä. Tarkastelun perusteella moni asia näyttää opetuksessa kuitenkin pysyneen varsin samanlaisena vuosien varrella, mutta muutoksiakin on sekä hyvään että huolestuttavaan suuntaan. Kymmenen vuoden aikana verkko-opetuksen hyödyntämisestä näyttää tulleen kiinteä osa myös tätä opetusta. Tarkastelumme myös viittaa vahvasti siihen, että valtakunnalliselle yhteistyölle olisi jälleen tarvetta ja aikanaan yhdessä mietittyjä opetuksen tavoitteita olisi syytä jälleen tarkastella kriittisesti.
Tarkastelumme perustuu Hannu Okkosen (2020) puheviestinnän pro gradu -tutkielmaan, jossa hän selvitti puheviestinnän opetuksen nykytilaa kieli- ja viestintäopinnoissa. Kysely lähettiin syksyllä 2019 noin sadalle puheviestinnän opettajalle, joista noin kolmasosa vastasi. Opinnäytteessä myös vertailtiin saatuja tuloksia systemaattisesti ja yksityiskohtaisesti aikaisemmin tehtyihin vastaaviin kyselyihin.
ITSBAT NIKAH DECISIONS ISSUED BY THE RELIGIOUS COURTS OF CLASS 1A BENGKULU ON THE SPOUSES WHOSE ABSENCE IN MARRIAGE DOCUMENTS ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC MARRIAGE LAW
Authors: Agusta Kurniadi , Dahwal Sirman , Darudin Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

In Bengkulu city, there is a marriage phenomenon done by the cultural law but not legally acknowledged in the data of ministry of religious office. Such a particular situation results in the absence of legal standing in terms of data. This being the case, spouses then ask for official marriage decisions or itsbat Nikah to the office of ministry of religious so that they would receive marriage letter. To answer the problems, the method used is empirical law research method. Data are obtained through observation and interviews to informant judges, clerks and seekers of justice who apply for marriage. Furthermore, it is analyzed by qualitative juridical with deductive and inductive method, thus it can be drawn a conclusion to answer from every existing problem. The results of this study indicate that: 1) many spouses do not have a marriage document since they avoid sin due to adultery, and feel not ready materially and socially, become pregnant out of marriage, and are overwhelmed with the assumption that whether having marriage documents or not will be the same, 2) the legal consequences of marriage without a marriage certificate are considered invalid because such a marriage is illegal under the law No. 1/1974 stating that the wife also has no right to the livelihood and inheritance of the husband if he dies and is not entitled to, (3) the religious courts of Bengkulu states that it is important to issue the-so-called itsbat Nikah or official documents to the spouses who have yet to legally declare their marriage as stated in the decree No.1/1974 for the betterment of the society.
Componentes do rendimento e composição química de grãos de genótipos de Salvia hispanica L. cultivados no Oeste do Paraná sob diferentes densidades populacionais
Authors: Pereira Debora , Schuelter Adilson Ricken , Dembocurski Diogo , Passos Fernanda Rengel dos , Maestre Keiti Lopes , Silva Edson Antônio da , Klen Marcia Regina Fagundes 
Published: December 2020

O estudo teve o objetivo de comparar diferentes densidades populacionais de cultivo para genótipos de chia, ChiaSE e ChiaSB, para atributos de importância agronômica e composição química dos grãos. O experimento foi realizado em janeiro/maio de 2019 no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, Paraná. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com três repetições em esquema fatorial, testando-se os genótipos ChiaSE e ChiaSB cultivados com 40, 50, 60, 70 e 80 mil plantas.ha-1. Variáveis morfo-agronômicas e da composição química dos grãos foram avaliadas para todas as unidades experimentais. Os resultados revelaram que os genótipos emitem ramos no mesmo período e independente da população, iniciando o florescimento aos 90 dias. Detectou-se que a população tem influência sobre da altura das plantas, ocorrendo aumento da estatura com o incremento da densidade de plantas, ocorrendo acamamento para cultivos com 80 mil plantas.ha-1. Verificou-se também que o aumento populacional para ChiaSE resulta em maior número de ramos e inflorescências por planta em relação a ChiaSB, sem ocorrer mudanças do tamanho das inflorescências. A ChiaSE é mais produtiva comparado a ChiaSB, sendo que 70 mil plantas.ha-1 é a mais recomendada para produção de grãos. Os grãos de ChiaSE e ChiaSB são ricos em proteínas e lipídeos, sendo que a população não tem efeito sobre a composição. Enfim, conclui-se que a chia pode ser cultivada em local de baixa altitude do Oeste do Paraná, sendo que ChiaSE é o genótipo mais promissor, e responde ao aumento da população sem influenciar a composição química dos grãos.
Миграционные планы выпускников российских школ: региональный аспект
Authors: Зыкина Ольга Александровна 
Published: December 2020

Миграционный фактор может оказывать различное воздействие на социально-экономическое развитие территорий в зависимости от конкретных условий и сложившихся практик. На примере трех различных субъектов Российской Федерации – Москвы, Калининградской и Кировской областей – в статье сделана попытка рассмотреть взаимосвязь миграционной ситуации в регионе и миграционных установок молодого поколения. Анализ специфики миграционных процессов, проведенный на основе результатов ряда экспертных работ и сведений официальной государственной статистики за последние десять лет, позволяет выделить некоторые характерные направления в передвижении населения в каждом из выбранных регионов. В качестве эмпирических данных были взяты материалы массовых опросов школьников и студентов. Текущий срез миграционных намерений учащихся старших классов представлен в контексте региональных особенностей в стратегиях миграции молодежи, что дает возможность оценить потенциальную реализацию их планов в общероссийском масштабе. В целом можно говорить о вероятном сохранении в ближайшие годы сложившихся тенденций миграционного поведения молодежи. Все озвученные респондентами установки – на смену своего постоянного места жительства либо, напротив, желании связать жизнь со своим настоящим местопребыванием – соотносятся с данными о реальном перемещении молодых россиян для каждой из территорий.
The migration factor can have a different impact on the socio-economic development of territories, depending on the specific conditions and established practices. Using the example of three different subjects of the Russian Federation – Moscow, Kaliningrad and Kirov regions – the article attempts to study the relationship between the migration situation in the region and the migration attitudes of the younger generation. An analysis of the specifics of migration processes, based on the results of a number of expert works and information from official state statistics over the past ten years, suggests some typical directions for the Russian population movement in each of the regions. The empirical data are based on the results of a mass survey of high school and university students. This paper presents an up-to-date cross-section of the migration intentions of high school students in the context of regional aspects of youth migration strategies, which allows for assessing the feasibility of their plans on a national scale. In general, one can talk about the likely preservation of the prevailing trends in the migration behavior of young people in the coming years. All the attitudes reported by the respondents – to change their permanent place of residence or, onthe contrary, to stay within their current place of residence – correlate with the data on the real movements of young Russians for each of the territories.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PBL MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA LAGU RUMUS MATEMATIKA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sutriyani Wulan , Widyatmoko Herwin 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning menggunakan media lagu rumus matematika dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar dan untuk menguji perbedaan antara efektifitas penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning media lagu rumus matematika pada kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi experiment research).Sempel penelitian ada 30 siswa yaitu, 15 siswa sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 15 siswa sebagai kelompok kontrol.Dari uji t yang telah dilakukan pada hasil belajar matematika, dapat diketahui bahwa hasil kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. T hitung 3,469> T tabel 2,145 dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini berarti ada perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Sehingga, ada perbedaan efektivitas yang signifikan antara penggunaan model pembelajaran PBL dengan model konvensional untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar dalam mata pelajaran Matematika pada Siswa Kelas V SD N Tahunan Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.
O sistema prisional brasileiro e a Covid-19
Authors: Souza Ruiz Jefferson Lee de , Medrado Abrantes Marcia 
Published: December 2020

Já é significativa a produção mundial de conhecimentos sobre a Covid-19. Embora com potencial de atingir toda a população, a pandemia varia a depender de fatores como doenças pré-existentes, condições sociais, pertencimento a determinadas classes, raças-etnias, gênero, entre outros. Há ainda segmentos populacionais que, como no período pré-pandemia, têm suas demandas e necessidades secundarizadas por parte das análises. Este artigo pretende refletir sobre os impactos e os desafios da atual crise sanitária sobre o sistema prisional, particularmente o brasileiro.
Palavras-chave: sistema prisional; Covid-19; desencarceramento; políticas sociais.
The Challenge of Islam in the 21st Century
Authors: Ahmed Akhar 
Published: December 2020

It is a great honor for me to be invited to give the key note address to thisvery distinguished body. I would like to express my gratitude to theAssociation of Muslim Social Scientists (AMSS) and in particular to its distinguishedpresident, my friend Mumtaz Ahmad. The convention is of specialsignificance this year since we are honoring the memory of the greatscholar and original thinker, Isma'il al-Faruqi. Twenty years ago he persuadedme to write a small book for his Islamization of knowledge seriescalled Towards Islamic Anthropology published by the InternationalInstitute of Islamic Thought (IIlT) shortly before his tragic death. On hearingof his death in Pakistan, I wrote the following lines which appeared inthe daily national newspaper Dawn and in my book Discovering Islam:Making Sense of Muslim History and SocietyOn the death of Ismail Faruqithere are many waysto kill an Arabyou can shoot them downin public placesor torturethem to insanityin closed roomsand call them terroristsyou can surround their villages-
making sure their women and childrenare inside- ...
Paradigms in Political Science Revisited
Authors: Abul Fadl Mona 
Published: December 2020

A CONVOCATIONIt is time for Muslim political scientists to come together to debate thestate of the art in their field and to define the grounds and terms for its prospectiveevolution or transformation in the light of alternative perspectives.The underlying assumptions which provide the parameters and the key conceptswhich they currently apply in the course of their normal practice shouldno longer be assumed but should be questioned. To do so, they will needto be made explicit and examined in a new light. The developments of thepast decade make this imminent in more than one way. ln the West the souJsearchingamong social scientists bas intensified and contributed to shakingthe profession out of its complacency. The resulting meta-critique has heightenedcritical awareness.The decade has also coincided with a dawning epistemic consciousnessamong Muslims. Conscientious scholars and intellectuals have staked theirclaims to autonomy on the grounds of a critical disaffection with their field. Perceived disjunctures bred that kind of essential tension which prompteda review of foundational dimensions of consciousness and being. They identifiedtheir source in dissonant cultural forces and processes comprising education,socialization and the reproduction of knowledge, values, and symbolsas underlying the continuities and discontinuities in the fabric of the Ummah.This constituted the diagnosed malaise. In this process of critical introspection,the idea of the Islamization of knowledge was conceived. Itsnatural focus was the state of modem knowledge and its modes of diffusionand transmission along the educational and cultural arteries in the Ummah.It contested the myth of modem sciences as value-free, a myth that was particularlydominant within Muslim societies themselves. Claims to valueneutralitywere not only questionable as empirical reality, but they were evenmore dubious and questionable as a moral ideals ...
Free-to-bound emission from interstitial carbon and oxygen defects (CiOi) in electron-irradiated Si
Authors: Tajima Michio , Asahara Shota , Satake Yuta , Ogura Atsushi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We determined the entire spectral shape of a broad band around 0.8 eV, previously termed the C08-band, which was observed commonly in Si by room-temperature photoluminescence after electron irradiation. The band has a peak at 0.77 ± 0.01 eV with long tails on both sides. We identified that the C08-band has the same origin as the C-line and occurs as a result of the recombination between a free electron and a hole bound by the deep trap due to the interstitial C and O defects (CiOi). The long tails were explained by the superposition of phonon sidebands.
A POLIFONIA BAKHTINIANA E O CONFRONTO DE VOZES EM ZAMA E O RASTRO DO JAGUAR
Authors: Oliveira Rafael Victor Rosa , Matias Felipe dos Santos 
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer um estudo comparativo entre os romances Zama (1956), do escritor argentino Antonio Di Benedetto (1922-1986), e O Rastro do Jaguar (2009), do escritor brasileiro Murilo Carvalho (1948), a partir do pensamento teórico-crítico de Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975), analisando a polifonia e a representatividade possibilitada pelas distintas vozes presentes em ambos os textos literários. Procura-se também, a partir de uma ótica dialógica, falar sobre a importância do resgate feito pelas obras selecionadas como corpus em relação aos povos originários, sufocados ao longo do tempo pela literatura canônica ocidental e pela historiografia oficial. Isso oferece uma visão alternativa sobre a participação dos indígenas na construção de identidades nacionais culturalmente distintas. Por fim, abordam-se alguns questionamentos sobre a fragmentação da identidade coletiva no âmbito do continente americano, fruto do embate discursivo, político e ideológico de enunciação entre dois mundos distintos: o universo do colonizador e do colonizado.
Palavras-chave: Polifonia; Zama; O Rastro do Jaguar.
Моделювання деформації тонкостінного циліндра, як ізотропного тіла у вигляді дійкової гуми
Authors: Дмитрів І. 
Published: December 2020

Стаття присвячена проблемі моделювання деформації дійкової гуми доїльного стакана, як ізотропного тіла у вигляді тонкостінного циліндра. За основу взято розроблену аналітичну модель дійкової гуми з врахуванням її попереднього натягу, конструкційно-технологічних параметрів та фізико-механічних характеристик матеріалу гуми для моделювання деформацій у радіальній, повздовжній й круговій площинах.Основним параметром змикання дійкової гуми є її радіальна деформація на всій активній частині в залежності від конструкційних параметрів та фізико-механічних характеристик гуми. Параметрами для моделювання деформацій є R – радіус дійкової гуми, Е – модуль пружності, h - товщина дійкової гуми, рн – вакуумметричний тиск, l – довжина активної частини дійкової гуми, ν – коефіцієнт Пуассона для гуми, Fн – сила натягу дійкової гуми. В залежності від центрального кута у радіальній площині перерізу моделюється форма деформації дійкової гуми на всій її робочій довжині. За попереднього натягу дійкової гуми безпосередньо після защемлених кінців є деформація до 1 мм у вигляді незначно вираженого еліпсоїда. На віддалі до 10 мм від обох защемлених кінців за вакууму 48 КПа дійкова гума круглого перерізу деформується у вигляді форми “гантелі”, однак за попереднього натягу 60 Н максимальна деформація у місці найбільшого прогину досягає 7 мм від радіуса дійкової гуми 11 мм в сторону сплющення, а без попереднього натягу максимальна деформація у місці найбільшого прогину досягає 5 мм.Аналіз результатів моделювання показує, що попередній натяг дійкової гуми на характер її змикання, за дії вакуумметричного тиску, не впливає. Натяг частково змінює величину деформації. Однак, попередній натяг дійкової гуми забезпечує початкову деформацію у перерізі безпосередньо після защемлення, зменшуючи діаметр, і уможливлює надійне утримування доїльного стакана на дійці корови.
Alzheimer Hastalarında Kullanılan İlaç Dışı Tedavi Yöntemleri
Authors: BOZKURT Canan , KARADAKOVAN Ayfer 
Published: December 2020

Alzheimer hastalığı, hipokampus, serebral korteks ve subkortikal alanlarda senil plaklar ve nörofibriler düğümlerin varlığı ile karakterize en sık görülen nörodejeneratif hastalıktır. Hastalığın erken aşamaları klasik olarak bellekteki zayıflama ile ilişkilidir. Hastalığın erken evresinde bireyler kelime bulmakta, yeni insanların isimlerini hatırlamakta ve sosyal/iş görevlerinde zorluk yaşamaktadırlar. Beraberinde son günlerde okuduğu yazıyı unutma ve nesneleri yanlış yerleştirme gibi sorunlar görülebilmektedir. Hastalık ilerledikçe orta evrede önemli olayları veya kişisel anıları unutmak, sosyal geri çekilme, adres veya telefon numaralarını hatırlayamama, zaman ve yer oryantasyonunda bozulma, mevsime/ortama uygun kıyafet seçememe, uyku düzeni değişiklikleri, gezinme veya kaybolma riski, kişilik veya davranış değişiklikleri (şüphe, dürtüsellik, sanrılar ve tekrarlayan davranışlar) görülmektedir. Alzheimer hastalığının neden olduğu bu sorunların sona erdirilmesi için erken tanı, tedavi ve özellikle de önlenmesine yönelik çeşitli yaklaşımlara gereksinim vardır. Teknolojinin de ilerlemesiyle dünyada ve ülkemizde çalışmaların artmasına rağmen hastalığın önlenmesi ve kesin tedavisi henüz mümkün olmamaktadır. Ancak Alzheimer hastalığına sahip yaşlı bireylerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerine katılımı ve yaşam kalitesinin artırılabilmesi için ilaç tedavisinin yanı sıra özellikle hastalığın belirtilerini azaltmakta ilaç dışı yöntemler de uygulanmaktadır.
Bu derleme, farmakolojik tedavinin yanı sıra Alzheimer hastalarının semptomlarını azaltmak ve yaşam kalitesini artırmak için kullanılabilecek geleneksel ve destekleyici yöntemlerin hemşireler ve diğer sağlık profesyonellerine yol göstermesini amaçlamaktadır.
Sputtering of Presolar Grains via Galactic Cosmic Rays in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Garg Akshat , Marhas Kuljeet K. , Goyal Vikram 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The sputtering rate of presolar silicon carbide grains due to galactic cosmic rays has been computed for their experimentally deduced lifetimes (∼1 Gyr) in the interstellar medium. An ion target simulator, SDTrimSP, was used to model the sputtering of interstellar grains with varying sizes and thicknesses of the ice mantle formed around the grain during their journey through the interstellar medium. Temperature, composition, and density for four different types of molecular cloud environments (quiescent, low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs), intermediate-mass YSOs, and high-mass YSO weak processing) considered indicate the sputtering rate on the mantle ice composition depends on water composition to a certain extent. The model simulations indicate galactic cosmic ray(s) with an energy range from 10 MeV to 1 GeV are just capable of sputtering/destructing ∼13%–15% of the grain itself. This value, stretched over 1 Gyr is not as significant as the other destruction processes and therefore can be classified as a minor destruction process. The effect of galactic cosmic rays on the ice mantle and core is also noted with particular emphasis on amorphization/recoils generated inside the SiC core and their distribution within the grain.