bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The proportion of Model for End‐stage Liver Disease Sodium score attributable to creatinine independently predicts post‐transplant survival and renal complications
Authors: Bittermann Therese , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Lewis James D. , Goldberg David S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe post‐transplant outcomes of patients with Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) score primarily driven by renal dysfunction are poorly understood. This was a retrospective cohort study of liver transplant (LT) alone recipients between 2005 and 2017 using the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. The proportion of MELD Sodium score attributable to creatinine (“KidneyMELD”) was calculated: (9.57 × ln (creatinine) × 100)/(MELD‐Na − 6.43). The association of KidneyMELD with (a) all‐cause mortality and (b) estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤30 mL/min/1.732 at 1‐year post‐LT were evaluated. Recipients with KidneyMELD ≥50% had a 52% higher risk of post‐LT mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.52 vs KidneyMELD 0%, 95% CI: 1.36‐1.69; P < .001). This risk was significantly greater for older patients, particularly when >50 years at LT (interaction P < .001). KidneyMELD ≥50% was also associated with an 11‐fold increase in the odds of advanced renal dysfunction at 1‐year post‐LT (adjusted odds ratio 11.53 vs KidneyMELD 0%; 95% CI 8.9‐14.93; P < .001). Recipients prioritized for LT primarily on the basis of renal dysfunction have marked post‐LT mortality and morbidity independent of MELD Sodium score. The implications of these results in the context of the new UNOS “safety net” kidney transplant policy require further study.
Effects of Temsavir, Active Moiety of Antiretroviral Agent Fostemsavir, on QT Interval: Results From a Phase I Study and an Exposure–Response Analysis
Authors: Lagishetty Chakradhar , Moore Katy , Ackerman Peter , Llamoso Cyril , Magee Mindy 
Published: February 2020

Fostemsavir, a prodrug of human immunodeficiency virus attachment inhibitor temsavir (TMR), is in phase III development in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV‐1) infection in heavily treatment‐experienced adults with multidrug‐resistant HIV‐1 infection for whom it is otherwise not possible to construct a suppressive antiviral regimen due to resistance, intolerance, or safety considerations. The proarrhythmic potential of fostemsavir was studied in a thorough QT study and exposure–response modeling was performed at therapeutic and supratherapeutic concentrations of TMR. Fostemsavir 1,200 mg b.i.d. did not result in a clinically meaningful change from placebo in baseline‐adjusted Fridericia‐corrected QTc (ddQTcF); however, at a supratherapeutic dose of 2,400 mg b.i.d., the upper bound of the two‐sided 90% confidence interval (CI) of ddQTcF was 13.2 msec, exceeding the clinically important 10 msec threshold. A linear model of ddQTcF as a function of TMR plasma concentrations described these observations. Based on simulations with this model, TMR concentrations up to 7,500 ng/mL are expected to have an upper 90% CI bound for QTcF ≤ 10 msec. This concentration is 4.2‐fold higher than the geometric mean TMR peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 1,770 ng/mL in heavily treatment‐experienced HIV‐1 infected patients administered fostemsavir 600 mg b.i.d. in the phase III BRIGHTE study (NCT02362503).
Einfluss von Placeboeffekten auf die Lebensqualität und Wundheilung von Patienten mit chronischem Ulcus cruris venosum
Authors: Jockenhöfer Finja , Knust Christopher , Benson Sven , Schedlowski Manfred , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungEinleitungPlaceboeffekte werden bereits in verschiedenen Gebieten der Medizin therapeutisch genutzt. Im Kontext dermatologischer Erkrankungen gibt es diesbezüglich nur wenig, bezüglich der Wundheilung bisher kaum wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse.Material und MethodikIn einer prospektiven, randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie wurden Patienten mit chronischem Ulcus cruris venosum über 14 Wochen beobachtet. Es wurde untersucht, ob durch die Vermittlung einer positiven Erwartungshaltung in Bezug auf eine neue Wundtherapie die Wundheilungsprozesse, die wundbezogene Lebensqualität, Angst, Depressivität und Schmerz beeinflusst werden können.ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden 20 Patienten eingeschlossen, nach Geschlecht stratifiziert und in die Interventions (IG)‐ bzw. Kontrollgruppe (KG) randomisiert. Die Wundfläche nahm in beiden Gruppen über den Beobachtungszeitraum signifikant ab, die wundbezogene Lebensqualität (Wound‐QoL) zeigte in der IG im Gegensatz zu der KG sowohl in der Gesamtpunktzahl als auch in den Subskalen eine signifikante Verbesserung. In Bezug auf Schmerz, Angst und Depressivität ergaben sich keine Hinweise auf signifikante Veränderungen in beiden Gruppen.SchlussfolgerungenDie Ergebnisse unserer Studie zeigen erstmalig, dass durch Placeboeffekte bei Patienten mit chronischem Ulcus cruris venosum allein durch die Erwartungshaltung eine neue Therapie zur erhalten, eine signifikante Verbesserung der Lebensqualität erzielt werden kann. Diese Resultate sollten zukünftig in Therapiekonzepten von Patienten mit chronischen Wunden berücksichtigt und an größeren Kohorten untersucht werden.
Atopic dermatitis and psychosocial comorbidities
Authors: Kage Paula , Simon Jan‐Christoph , Treudler Regina 
Published: February 2020

SummaryAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that may be associated with a number of comorbidities including psychosocial disorders, which are the primary focus of this article. The data presented is based on a literature search in PubMed and subsequent screening of relevant review articles and guidelines.There is a greater prevalence of depression, anxiety, sleep disorders and suicidal ideation among individuals with AD. The disease negatively impacts patients’ quality of life. Children with AD have been shown to more commonly exhibit signs of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Only little data exists on the association of AD with schizophrenia, eating disorders or obsessive‐compulsive disorder.There is a great need for research in the field of AD‐related comorbidities, especially with respect to the question as to whether and how novel treatment options may potentially affect these comorbidities.
Development of an early intervention programme for adolescents with emotion dysregulation and their families: Actions for the treatment of adolescent personality (ATraPA)
Authors: Mayoral Maria , Valencia Fatima , Calvo Ana , Roldan Laura , Espliego Ana , Rodriguez‐Toscano Elisa , Kehrmann Lara , Arango Celso , Delgado Carlos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimBorderline personality disorder and severe emotion dysregulation in adolescence is a major public health concern. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy is a promising treatment for suicidality in adolescents. The aim of this work is to present an adaptation of this intervention to the Spanish national health system, Actions for the Treatment of Adolescent Personality (ATraPA).MethodData consists of a description of the different ATraPA subprogrammes, including interventions for adolescents aged 13 to 17 and their families. Participants were referred to ATraPA from different hospitals within the region of Madrid, Spain.ResultsATraPA has been developed as an intensive outpatient treatment and it comprises different subprogrammes. ATraPA‐TAI is an intensive outpatient treatment, including a skills‐based group, individual therapy and email therapy. ATraPA‐FAL is a psychoeducational intervention for families, including emotion regulation strategies for parents themselves. Finally, the Alternatives Group is offered to adolescents during the hospital admission, with the aim of promoting alternative coping skills. The group of therapists provides a support network to the professionals involved in ATraPA.ConclusionsATraPA has been successfully implemented in a Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Service within the Spanish national health system. Future studies should address the efficacy of ATraPA using a controlled design.
Topical α‐gal nanoparticles accelerate diabetic wound healing
Authors: Kaymakcalan Omer E. , Abadeer Andrew , Goldufsky Josef W. , Galili Uri , Karinja Sarah J. , Dong Xue , Jin Julia L. , Samadi Arash , Spector Jason A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn inadequate response from macrophages, key orchestrators of the wound healing process, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of impaired healing in diabetes. This study explored the utility of nanoparticles presenting the α‐gal (Galα1‐3Galβ1‐4GlcNAc‐R) epitope to induce anti‐Gal antibody‐mediated local transient recruitment of macrophages to accelerate wound closure and healing in a diabetic murine model. α1,3galactosyltrasferase knockout mice were stimulated to produce anti‐Gal antibodies and subsequently diabetes was induced by streptozotocin‐induced β‐cell destruction. Six mm full‐thickness skin wounds were made and α‐gal nanoparticles (AGN) were topically applied on postwounding days 0 and 1. Wounds were analysed histologically for macrophage invasion and markers of wound healing, including epithelialization, vascularization and granulation tissue deposition through postoperative day 12. We found that application of AGN transiently but significantly increased macrophage recruitment into the wounds of diabetic mice. Treated wounds demonstrated more rapid closure and enhanced wound healing as demonstrated by significantly accelerated rates of epithelialization, vascularization and granulation tissue deposition. Thus, topical treatment of full‐thickness wounds in diabetic mice with α‐gal nanoparticles induced a transient but significant increase in macrophage recruitment resulting in an accelerated rate of wound healing. Using α‐gal nanoparticles as a topical wound healing adjunct is a simple, safe and effective means of augmenting dysregulated macrophage recruitment present in the diabetic state.
Questioning the view: Historical geography and topographical art
Authors: Piana Pietro , Watkins Charles 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article argues that a recent resurgence of interest in topographical art has opened up a new and exciting debate about how such drawings and paintings can be used by historical geographers. This is demonstrated by a review of recent research by historical geographers, art historians, and historians, which explores how topographical art is being interrogated to examine landscape history and environmental change. Topographical views provide insights into the way in which landscapes of the past were shaped, used, and perceived. The article establishes that topographical art is increasingly used in the analysis of past geomorphological processes, which have significant implications for current landscape and heritage management. It reveals that when topographical art is correctly contextualized it can be an extremely valuable source. The artist's biography and education is of crucial importance, as well as the comparison with historical cartographies, documents, and field data. Historical geographers are particularly well placed to undertake research, which questions the artwork's accuracy and goes beyond its literal interpretation as a straightforward depiction of a place.
The relationship between oral hygiene‐related self‐efficacy, general self‐efficacy and daily plaque control
Authors: Sarsilmazer Gülçin , Atilla Gül 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess validity and reliability of Turkish oral hygiene‐related self‐efficacy (OHSE) scale, and the scores of general self‐efficacy (GSE) and OHSE in the patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis (CP). Additionally, the effect of motivation and oral hygiene instructions on the OHSE scores and plaque index (PI) was also aimed.Materials and methodsGSE and OHSE scores were obtained from 210 patients with gingivitis and CP (Group A). After determination of “cut‐off” values on OHSE scores, patients with OHSE scores <30 (OHSE‐low) and ≥50 (OHSE‐high) were included in Group B (gingivitis, N = 25; CP, N = 27). PI values were determined, and motivation and oral hygiene instructions were performed in Group B at baseline. PI measurements and OHSE questionnaire were repeated at 1 and 3 months.ResultsThe intraclass reliability coefficient and Cronbach's alpha for Turkish translation of OHSE scale were 0.920 and 0.911. OHSE scores significantly correlated with GSE scores and smokers had lower OHSE scores than those of non‐smokers in patients (n = 210). In both gingivitis and CP groups, OHSE scores increased and PI values decreased at 3 months. PI values were lower in gingivitis and CP groups with OHSE‐high scores compared to patients with OHSE‐low scores at 3 months.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, it seems that Turkish version of OHSE questionnaire is reliable and valid. Patients with OHSE‐low scores in both gingivitis and CP groups were less successful in performing daily plaque control, compared to patients with OHSE‐high scores.
Corrosion degradation of mullite subject to carbon monoxide atmosphere at 1000oC–1600°C
Authors: Xiang Ruofei , Li Yuanbing , Li Shujing , Xue Zhengliang , He Zhiyong , Wang Liwang , Wang Hailu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThus far, studies on the damage to refractory materials under carbon monoxide atmospheres have mostly concentrated on the effects of carbon deposition, and the testing temperature was always set at approximately 500°C to promote the deposition of carbon. However, this testing temperature is far below the operating temperature of most refractories. In this study, mullite, a widely used high‐temperature structural material, was subjected to a carbon monoxide atmosphere at 1000°C‐1600°C to investigate its phase and microstructural evolutions. Changes to the grain boundaries were initially observed in mullite specimens treated at 1000°C and 1200°C. After treatment at 1400°C, the specimen surface comprised α‐Al2O3, a glass phase, and a small amount of mullite. However, treatment at 1600°C resulted in only α‐Al2O3 and a small amount of glass phase on the surface. Additionally, pores and voids were found in the glass phase on the surface and in the bulk of the specimens treated at 1400°C and 1600°C. This study demonstrated the stability of pure mullite in a carbon monoxide atmosphere and revealed that impurities accelerating generation of the liquid phase in Al2O3–SiO2 system significantly affect the stability of mullite in a carbon monoxide atmosphere.
Interventions commenced by early infancy to prevent childhood obesity—The EPOCH Collaboration: An individual participant data prospective meta‐analysis of four randomized controlled trials
Authors: Askie Lisa M , Espinoza David , Martin Andrew , Daniels Lynne A , Mihrshahi Seema , Taylor Rachael , Wen Li Ming , Campbell Karen , Hesketh Kylie D , Rissel Chris , Taylor Barry , Magarey Anthea , Seidler Anna Lene , Hunter Kylie E , Baur Louise A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildhood obesity is a significant global problem. Childhood obesity prevention interventions may be more effective when started very early in life before metabolic and behavioural patterns are established.Methods and findingsA prospectively planned, individual participant data meta‐analysis of four randomized controlled trials. Participants were first‐time mothers of term infants. Trial interventions commenced during pregnancy or early infancy and comprised education and support delivered via group sessions and/or home visits. Control group families accessed existing local well‐child health care. The primary outcome was body mass index (BMI) z score at 18 to 24 months; 2196 mother‐child dyads were available for analysis. Intervention children had lower BMI z scores at 18 to 24 months than control children (−0.12 adjusted mean; 95% confidence interval, −0.22 to −0.02, P = .017). There was some evidence that the BMI z score reduction was greater in settings with limited well‐child health care programmes (interaction P value = .03). Improvements were also detected in television viewing time, feeding practices, and breastfeeding duration.ConclusionsParent‐focused intervention programmes that commence by early infancy and which aim to establish a trajectory of healthy lifestyle behaviours produced a modest but statistically significant reduction in BMI z score, which if replicated on a wider scale may have important public health implications.
Regulation and the future of work: The employment relationship as an innovation facilitator
Authors: ALOISI Antonio , DE STEFANO Valerio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDigital transformation and the reorganization of the firm have given rise to new forms of work that diverge significantly from the standard employment relationship. Advocates of digital disruption suggest that the existing legal framework cannot accommodate “innovative” working templates and business models. This article, however, argues that labour regulation can continue to facilitate innovation, presenting the employment relationship as a flexible instrument, and standard forms of employment as the means of achieving efficiencies and cost advantages. First, they allow for the full exercise of managerial prerogative and attendant internal flexibility in workforce deployment, and, second, they constitute an effective device to deliver training and develop skills.
A novel experimental model for studying efficacy of cryosurgery in keloids
Authors: Zouboulis V.A. , Zouboulis C.C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntralesional cryosurgery is effective in the treatment of keloids; however, clinical studies have presented diversified results.ObjectiveA novel, reproducible model for biophysical studies on intralesional cryosurgery of keloids is presented.MethodsTriplicate studies with a cryosurgical needle on 37°C‐heated potatoes, which exhibit identical specific heat and similar heat conductivity with human skin, were performed.ResultsNo complete potato freezing resulted through a cryosurgical needle. The limited tissue damage achieved had a double concave form. The needle induced lower temperature and stronger tissue damage at the distal exit than the proximal entrance site. The concave form of tissue damage flattened with time at the area under the needle. Needle freezing with puncture distances of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm from the potato surface only revealed freezing temperatures within the 0.5 cm range. At any needle depth, tissue damage was detected at only an area to about 1 cm under the needle.ConclusionClinical extrapolation of these experimental findings indicates a proper needle positioning towards the keloid basis, shows keloid volume freezing limitations by a single needle and corroborates the observations of minor epidermal and deep dermal damage induced by intralesional cryosurgery.
The National Psoriasis Foundation psoriasis treatment targets in real‐world patients: prevalence and association with patient‐reported outcomes in the Corrona Psoriasis Registry
Authors: Merola J.F. , Perez Chada L.M. , Siegel M. , Bagel J. , Evans C. , Lockshin B. , Mason M. , Guo N. , McLean R.R. , Greenberg J.D. , Van Voorhees A.S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) published treat‐to‐target guidelines for psoriasis, yet their applicability in clinical practice remains unknown.ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion of psoriasis patients meeting the NPF's body surface area (BSA) ‘target’ (≤1%) and ‘acceptable’ (≤3%) response criteria and the cross‐sectional associations of these criteria with patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in the Corrona Psoriasis Registry.MethodsSeparately for three independent cross‐sectional cohorts of patients at the (i) enrolment, (ii) 6‐month and (iii) 12‐month visits, we calculated the proportion of patients with BSA ≤1% and ≤3%. Furthermore, we calculated odds ratios estimating the risk of PROs associated with not meeting criteria in the 6‐month cohort.ResultsThe enrolment, 6‐ and 12‐month cohorts included 2794, 1310 and 629 patients, respectively. At enrolment, 24% of patients had a BSA ≤ 1% and 41% a BSA ≤ 3%. In the 6‐month cohort, 43%/64% had a BSA ≤ 1%/BSA ≤ 3%. In the 12‐month cohort, 46%/69% of patients had a BSA ≤ 1%/BSA ≤ 3%. Patients not at target/acceptable criteria had higher odds for worse quality of life compared with those who were.ConclusionWhile most patients at 6‐ and 12‐month visits were at the ‘acceptable’ response, less than half were at the ‘target’ response despite systemic therapy. There remain unmet needs to optimize psoriasis therapy and further validate current treat‐to‐target guidelines.
Effects of constant light exposure on sphingolipidomics and progression of NASH in high‐fat‐fed rats
Authors: Yue Fangzhi , Xia Ke , Wei Lin , Xing Lin , Wu Shanyu , Shi Ying , Lam Sin Man , Shui Guanghou , Xiang Xingwei , Russell Ryan , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health concern worldwide. With the progression of urbanization, light pollution is becoming an inevitable risk factor for NAFLD. However, the role of light pollution on NAFLD is insufficiently understood, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study explored effects of constant light exposure on NAFLD and elucidated its related mechanisms.MethodsThirty‐two male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 8 each): (i) rats on a normal diet exposed to standard light–dark cycle (ND‐LD); (ii) rats on a normal diet exposed to constant light (ND‐LL); (iii) rats on a high‐fat diet exposed to standard light–dark cycle (HFD‐LD); and (iv) and rats on a high‐fat diet exposed to constant light (HFD‐LL). After 12 weeks of treatment, rats were sacrificed and pathophysiological assessments were performed. Targeted lipidomics was used to measure sphingolipids, including ceramides, glucosylceramides, and lactosylceramides, sphingomyelins, and sphingosine‐1‐phosphates in plasma and liver tissues.ResultsIn normal chow rats, constant light exposure led to glucose abnormalities and dyslipidemia. In high‐fat‐fed rats, constant light exposure exacerbated glucose abnormalities, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation and aggravated steatohepatitis. Compared with HFD‐LD rats, HFD‐LL had decreased plasma sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and elevated liver concentrations of total ceramide and specific ceramide species (ceramide d18:0/24:0, ceramide d18:1/22:0, ceramide d18:1/24:0, and ceramide d18:1/24:1), which were associated with increased hepatocyte apoptosis.ConclusionsConstant light exposure causes dysregulation of sphingolipids and promotes steatohepatitis in high‐fat‐fed rats.