bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On decay and blow-up of solutions for a nonlinear Petrovsky system with conical degeneration
Authors: Yu Jiali , Shang Yadong , Di Huafei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with a class of Petrovsky system with nonlinear damping $$\begin{aligned} w_{tt}+\Delta _{\mathbb{B}}^{2}w-k_{2} \Delta _{\mathbb{B}}w_{t}+aw_{t} \vert w_{t} \vert ^{m-2}=bw \vert w \vert ^{p-2} \end{aligned}$$

w

t
t

+

Δ
B
2

w
−

k
2

Δ
B

w
t

+
a

w
t

|

w
t

|

m
−
2

=
b
w
|
w

|

p
−
2

on a manifold with conical singularity, where $\Delta _{\mathbb{B}}$

Δ
B

is a Fuchsian-type Laplace operator with totally characteristic degeneracy on the boundary $x_{1}=0$

x
1

=
0
. We first prove the global existence of solutions under conditions without relation between m and p, and establish an exponential decay rate. Furthermore, we obtain a finite time blow-up result for local solutions with low initial energy $E(0)< d$
E
(
0
)
<
d
.
CORE-OM as a routine outcome measure for adolescents with emotional disorders: factor structure and psychometric properties
Authors: Lorentzen Veronica , Handegård Bjørn Helge , Moen Connie Malén , Solem Kenth , Lillevoll Kjersti , Skre Ingunn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundInstruments for monitoring the clinical status of adolescents with emotional problems are needed. The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) according to theory measures problems/symptoms, well-being, functioning and risk. Documentation of whether the theoretical factor structure for CORE-OM is applicable for adolescents is lacking.MethodsThis study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the CORE-OM based on two samples of adolescents (age 14–18): youths seeking treatment for emotional problems (N = 140) and high school students (N = 531). A split half approach was chosen. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the first half of the stratified samples to establish the suitability of the model. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with the chosen model from the EFA was performed on the second half. Internal consistency and clinical cut-off scores of the CORE-OM were investigated.ResultsThe best fitting model only partially confirmed the theoretical model for the CORE-OM. The model consisted of five factors: 1) General problems, 2) risk to self, 3) positive resources 4) risk to others and 5) problems with others. The clinical cut-off score based on the all-item total was higher than in an adult sample. Both the all-item total and general problems cut-off scores showed gender differences.ConclusionThe factor analysis on CORE-OM for adolescents resulted in a five-factor solution, and opens up for new subscales concerning positive resources and problems with others. A 17-item solution for the general problems/symptoms scale is suggested. We advise developers of self-report instruments not to reverse items, if they do not intend to measure a separate factor, since these seem to affect the dimensionality of the scales. Comparing means for gender in non-clinical samples should not be done without modification of the general emotional problem and the positive resources scales. Slightly elevated CORE-OM scores (up to 1.3) in adolescents may be normal fluctuations.
Assessment of radial glia in the frontal lobe of fetuses with Down syndrome
Authors: Baburamani Ana A. , Vontell Regina T. , Uus Alena , Pietsch Maximilian , Patkee Prachi A. , Wyatt-Ashmead Jo , Chin-Smith Evonne C. , Supramaniam Veena G. , Donald Tournier J. , Deprez Maria , Rutherford Mary A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) occurs with triplication of human chromosome 21 and is associated with deviations in cortical development evidenced by simplified gyral appearance and reduced cortical surface area. Radial glia are neuronal and glial progenitors that also create a scaffolding structure essential for migrating neurons to reach cortical targets and therefore play a critical role in cortical development. The aim of this study was to characterise radial glial expression pattern and morphology in the frontal lobe of the developing human fetal brain with DS and age-matched controls. Secondly, we investigated whether microstructural information from in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could reflect histological findings from human brain tissue samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded human post-mortem brain tissue from nine fetuses and neonates with DS (15–39 gestational weeks (GW)) and nine euploid age-matched brains (18–39 GW). Radial glia markers CRYAB, HOPX, SOX2, GFAP and Vimentin were assessed in the Ventricular Zone, Subventricular Zone and Intermediate Zone. In vivo diffusion MRI was used to assess microstructure in these regions in one DS (21 GW) and one control (22 GW) fetal brain. We found a significant reduction in radial glial progenitor SOX2 and subtle deviations in radial glia expression (GFAP and Vimentin) prior to 24 GW in DS. In vivo, fetal MRI demonstrates underlying radial projections consistent with immunohistopathology. Radial glial alterations may contribute to the subsequent simplified gyral patterns and decreased cortical volumes observed in the DS brain. Recent advances in fetal MRI acquisition and analysis could provide non-invasive imaging-based biomarkers of early developmental deviations.
Ovine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy (OCPMD) is a model of TNNT1 congenital myopathy
Authors: Clayton Joshua S. , McNamara Elyshia L. , Goullee Hayley , Conijn Stefan , Muthsam Keren , Musk Gabrielle C. , Coote David , Kijas James , Testa Alison C. , Taylor Rhonda L. , O’Hara Amanda J. , Groth David , Ottenheijm Coen , Ravenscroft Gianina , Laing Nigel G. , Nowak Kristen J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOvine congenital progressive muscular dystrophy (OCPMD) was first described in Merino sheep flocks in Queensland and Western Australia in the 1960s and 1970s. The most prominent feature of the disease is a distinctive gait with stiffness of the hind limbs that can be seen as early as 3 weeks after birth. The disease is progressive. Histopathological examination had revealed dystrophic changes specifically in type I (slow) myofibres, while electron microscopy had demonstrated abundant nemaline bodies. Therefore, it was never certain whether the disease was a dystrophy or a congenital myopathy with dystrophic features. In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing of OCPMD sheep and identified a single base deletion at the splice donor site (+ 1) of intron 13 in the type I myofibre-specific TNNT1 gene (KT218690 c.614 + 1delG). All affected sheep were homozygous for this variant. Examination of TNNT1 splicing by RT-PCR showed intron retention and premature termination, which disrupts the highly conserved 14 amino acid C-terminus. The variant did not reduce TNNT1 protein levels or affect its localization but impaired its ability to modulate muscle contraction in response to Ca2+ levels. Identification of the causative variant in TNNT1 finally clarifies that the OCPMD sheep is in fact a large animal model of TNNT1 congenital myopathy. This model could now be used for testing molecular or gene therapies.
Effects of implant thread design on primary stability—a comparison between single- and double-threaded implants in an artificial bone model
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoko , Shiota Makoto , Fujii Masaki , Shimogishi Masahiro , Munakata Motohiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Primary implant stability is essential for osseointegration. To increase stability without changing the implant size, the thread length must be extended by reducing pitch, using a double-threaded implant, or reducing pitch/lead and lead angle to half that of a single-threaded implant.

Materials and methods
We tested the stabilities of these configurations using artificial bone. A 1.2-mm pitch, single-threaded implant (12S) was the control. We tested a 0.6-mm pitch/1.2-mm-lead double-threaded implant (06D) and a 0.6-mm pitch/lead single-threaded implant (06S). We compared stabilities by measuring insertion torque, removal torque, and the implant stability quotient (ISQ). Damage to bone tissue caused by the implants was evaluated using microscopy and morphometric analysis.

Results
We show that 06D and 06S significantly improved stability compared with the 12S reference. The stability of 06S was significantly greater compared with that of 06D, except for ISQ. The three implants were associated with bone tissue damage characterized by debris and voids surrounding the implant/bone interface. The 06D caused the most tissue damage, followed by 06S and then 12S.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that primary stability was significantly improved by changing the implant size, extending the thread length with reduced pitch/lead, and reducing the lead angle to half that of a single-threaded implant compared with a double-threaded implant.
Automatic lung segmentation in routine imaging is primarily a data diversity problem, not a methodology problem
Authors: Hofmanninger Johannes , Prayer Forian , Pan Jeanny , Röhrich Sebastian , Prosch Helmut , Langs Georg 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Automated segmentation of anatomical structures is a crucial step in image analysis. For lung segmentation in computed tomography, a variety of approaches exists, involving sophisticated pipelines trained and validated on different datasets. However, the clinical applicability of these approaches across diseases remains limited.

Methods
We compared four generic deep learning approaches trained on various datasets and two readily available lung segmentation algorithms. We performed evaluation on routine imaging data with more than six different disease patterns and three published data sets.

Results
Using different deep learning approaches, mean Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) on test datasets varied not over 0.02. When trained on a diverse routine dataset (n = 36), a standard approach (U-net) yields a higher DSC (0.97 ± 0.05) compared to training on public datasets such as the Lung Tissue Research Consortium (0.94 ± 0.13, p = 0.024) or Anatomy 3 (0.92 ± 0.15, p = 0.001). Trained on routine data (n = 231) covering multiple diseases, U-net compared to reference methods yields a DSC of 0.98 ± 0.03 versus 0.94 ± 0.12 (p = 0.024).

Conclusions
The accuracy and reliability of lung segmentation algorithms on demanding cases primarily relies on the diversity of the training data, highlighting the importance of data diversity compared to model choice. Efforts in developing new datasets and providing trained models to the public are critical. By releasing the trained model under General Public License 3.0, we aim to foster research on lung diseases by providing a readily available tool for segmentation of pathological lungs.
High fat diet accelerates and exacerbates microgliosis and neuronal damage/death in the somatosensory cortex after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils
Authors: Seo Won Joo , Ahn Ji Hyeon , Lee Tae-Kyeong , Kim Bora , Lee Jae-Chul , Park Joon Ha , Yoo Yeon Ho , Shin Myoung Cheol , Cho Jun Hwi , Won Moo-Ho , Park Yoonsoo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObesity has been known as an independent risk factor for stroke. Effects of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on neuronal damage in the somatosensory cortex of animal models of cerebral ischemia have not been studied yet. In this study, HFD-induced obesity was used to study the impact of obesity on neuronal damage/loss and microgliosis in the somatosensory cortex of a gerbil model of 5-min transient forebrain ischemia. We used gerbils fed normal diet (ND) and HFD and chronologically examined microgliosis (microglial cell activation) by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunohistochemistry. In addition, we examined neuronal damage or death by using neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN, a neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B, a marker for neuronal degeneration) histofluorescence staining. We found that ischemia-induced microgliosis in ND-fed gerbils was increased from 2 days post-ischemia; however, ischemia-mediated microgliosis in HFD-fed gerbils increased from 1 day post-ischemia and more accelerated with time than that in the ND-fed gerbils. Ischemia-induced neuronal death/loss in the somatosensory cortex in the ND-fed gerbils was apparently found at 5 days post-ischemia. However, in the HFD-fed gerbils, neuronal death/loss was shown from 2 days post-ischemia and progressively exacerbated at 5 days post-ischemia. Our findings indicate that HFD can evoke earlier microgliosis and more detrimental neuronal death/loss in the somatosensory cortex after transient ischemia than ND evokes.
The effect of hyperlactatemia timing on the outcomes after cardiac surgery
Authors: Algarni Khaled D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies linked postoperative hyperlactatemia to worse outcomes in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, data on the effect of timing of hyperlactatemia on outcomes are scarce. We sought to determine the prevalence of early hyperlactatemia (EHL) and its impact on clinical outcomes compared to late hyperlactatemia (LHL) in patients undergoing ACS procedures.ResultsWe included 305 consecutive adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery procedures between July 2017 and Nov 2019 at a single institution. Lactate level was measured in the first 10 h after surgery and EHL was defined as lactate level > 3 mmol/L in the first hour after surgery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of EHL. Seventeen percent (n= 52) had EH while 83% (n= 253) did not. Patients with EHL had significantly longer cardiopulmonary bypass (P= 0.001) and cross-clamp (P= 0.001) times due to increased surgical complexity in this group. Early hyperlactatemia was associated with increased post-operative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support (0% vs 5.7%,P< 0.001), longer intensive care unit stay (P= 0.004), and increased hospital mortality (0% vs. 3.8%,P= 0.009). Cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR 1.001; 95% CI 1.011–1.012,P= 0.02) and glucose level (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.3,P= 0.003) were independently associated with increased rate of EHL. In contrast, diabetes mellitus (OR 0.26; 95% CI 0.12–0.55,P< 0.001) significantly attenuated the rate of EHL.ConclusionsEarly hyperlactatemia after cardiac surgery was associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Late hyperlactatemia was very common and had a self-limiting and benign course.
Mean platelet volume change (∆MPV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) as promising markers of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) outcome
Authors: Farghly Sahar , Abd-Elkader Randa , El Zohne Randa A. , Abd El-Kareem Doaa M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Prognostic markers play an essential role in the proper management of community-acquired pneumonia. This research work aimed to evaluate the association of RDW and /or MPV with mortality and morbidity in patients with CAP to improve the yield of already used prognostic scores.

Results
The current study enrolled 153 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Out of them, 101 (64%) patients improved while 52 (36%) died. It was noticed that each of delta MPV and RDW (P < 0.001) had positive significant correlation with PSI and CURB-65. Delta MPV and RDW was significantly higher in patients who died (2.61 ± 1.01 vs. 1.78 ± 0.76; P = 0.01 for delta MPV and 16.50 ± 3.54 vs. 15.50 ± 2.81; P = 0.02 for RDW).

Conclusion
Initial RDW and rising MPV during hospitalization for CAP is associated with more severe clinical characteristics and high mortality. Moreover, the use of RDW and delta MPV in patients admitted with CAP can improve the performance of prognostic scales.
Digital Tumor Board Solutions Have Significant Impact on Case Preparation
Authors: Hammer Richard D. , Fowler Donna , Sheets Lincoln R. , Siadimas Athanasios , Guo Chaohui , Prime Matthew S. 
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE Multidisciplinary tumor boards (TBs) are the gold standard for decision-making in cancer care. Variability in preparation, conduction, and impact is widely reported. The benefit of digital technologies to support TBs is unknown. This study evaluated the impact of the NAVIFY Tumor Board solution (NTB) on TB preparation time across multiple user groups in 4 cancer categories: breast, GI, head and neck (ie, ear, nose, and throat, or ENT), and hematopathology. METHODS This prospective study evaluated TB preparation time in multiple phases pre- and post-NTB implementation at an academic health care center. TB preparation times were recorded for multiple weeks using a digital time tracker. RESULTS Preparation times for 59 breast, 61 GI, 36 ENT, and 71 hematopathology cancer TBs comparing a pre-NTB phase to 3 phases of NTB implementation were evaluated between February 2018 and July 2019. NTB resulted in significant reductions in overall preparation time (30%) across 3 TBs pre-NTB compared with the final post-NTB implementation phase. In the breast TB, NTB reduced overall preparation time by 28%, with a 76% decrease in standard deviation (SD). In the GI TB, a 23% reduction in average preparation time was observed for all users, with a 48% decrease in SD. In the ENT TB, a 33% reduction in average preparation time was observed for all users, with a 73% decrease in SD. The hematopathology TB, which was the cocreation partner and initial adopter of the solution, showed variable results. CONCLUSION This study showed a significant impact of a digital solution on time preparation for TBs across multiple users and different TBs, reflecting the generalizability of the NTB. Adoption of such a solution could improve the efficiency of TBs and have a direct economic impact on hospitals.
Long-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: The KLASS-02-RCT Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hyung Woo Jin , Yang Han-Kwang , Park Young-Kyu , Lee Hyuk-Joon , An Ji Yeong , Kim Wook , Kim Hyoung-Il , Kim Hyung-Ho , Ryu Seung Wan , Hur Hoon , Kim Min-Chan , Kong Seong-Ho , Cho Gyu Seok , Kim Jin-Jo , Park Do Joong , Ryu Keun Won , Kim Young Woo , Kim Jong Won , Lee Joo-Ho , Han Sang-Uk ,   on behalf of the Korean Laparoendoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group
Published: August 2020

PURPOSE It is unclear whether laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer is oncologically equivalent to open distal gastrectomy. The noninferiority of laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer compared with open surgery in terms of 3-year relapse-free survival rate was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS A phase III, open-label, randomized controlled trial was conducted for patients with histologically proven locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma suitable for distal subtotal gastrectomy. The primary end point was the 3-year relapse-free survival rate; the upper limit of the hazard ratio (HR) for noninferiority was 1.43 between the laparoscopic and open distal gastrectomy groups. RESULTS From November 2011 to April 2015, 1,050 patients were randomly assigned to laparoscopy (n = 524) or open surgery (n = 526). After exclusions, 492 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery and 482 underwent open surgery and were included in the analysis. The laparoscopy group, compared with the open surgery group, suffered fewer early complications (15.7% v 23.4%, respectively; P = .0027) and late complications (4.7% v 9.5%, respectively; P = .0038), particularly intestinal obstruction (2.0% v 4.4%, respectively; P = .0447). The 3-year relapse-free survival rate was 80.3% (95% CI, 76.0% to 85.0%) for the laparoscopy group and 81.3% (95% CI, 77.0% to 85.0%; log-rank P = .726) for the open group. Cox regression analysis after stratification by the surgeon revealed an HR of 1.035 (95% CI, 0.762 to 1.406; log-rank P = .827; P for noninferiority = .039). When stratified by pathologic stage, the HR was 1.020 (95% CI, 0.751 to 1.385; log-rank P = .900; P for noninferiority = .030). CONCLUSION Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy was comparable to open surgery in terms of relapse-free survival for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy could be a potential standard treatment option for locally advanced gastric cancer.
Risk of Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Hyponatremic Adult Patients Hospitalized for Acute Medical Conditions: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kutz Alexander , Ebrahimi Fahim , Aghlmandi Soheila , Wagner Ulrich , Bromley Miluska , Illigens Ben , Siepmann Timo , Schuetz Philipp , Mueller Beat , Christ-Crain Mirjam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Hyponatremia has been associated with excess long-term morbidity and mortality. However, effects during hospitalization are poorly studied.

Objective
The objective of this work is to examine the association of hyponatremia with the risk of in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission, and other short-term adverse events among medical inpatients.

Design and Setting
A population-based cohort study was conducted using a Swiss claims database of medical inpatients from January 2012 to December 2017

Patients
Hyponatremic patients were 1:1 propensity-score matched with normonatremic medical inpatients.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause in-hospital mortality and 30-day hospital readmission. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation rate, length-of-hospital stay (LOS), and patient disposition after discharge.

Results
After matching, 94 352 patients were included in the cohort. Among 47 176 patients with hyponatremia, 8383 (17.8%) reached the primary outcome compared with 7994 (17.0%) in the matched control group (odds ratio [OR] 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02-1.10], P = .001). Hyponatremic patients were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (OR 1.43 [95% CI, 1.37-1.50], P &lt; .001), faced a 56% increase in prolonged LOS (95% CI, 1.52-1.60, P &lt; .001), and were admitted more often to a postacute care facility (OR 1.38 [95% CI 1.34-1.42, P &lt; .001). Of note, patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) had lower in-hospital mortality (OR 0.67 [95% CI, 0.56-0.80], P &lt; .001) as compared with matched normonatremic controls.

Conclusion
In this study, hyponatremia was associated with increased risk of short-term adverse events, primarily driven by higher readmission rates, which was consistent among all outcomes except for decreased in-hospital mortality in SIAD patients.