bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of proteome and transcriptome refines key molecular processes underlying oil production in Nannochloropsis oceanica
Authors: You Wuxin , Wei Li , Gong Yanhai , Hajjami Mohamed El , Xu Jian , Poetsch Ansgar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Under nitrogen deficiency situation, Nannochloropsis spp. accumulate large amounts of lipids in the form of triacylglycerides (TAG). Mechanisms of this process from the perspective of transcriptome and metabolome have been obtained previously, yet proteome analysis is still sparse which hinders the analysis of dynamic adaption to nitrogen deficiency. Here, proteomes for 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 10th day of nitrogen deplete (N−) and replete (N+) conditions were obtained and integrated with previous transcriptome data for N. oceanica.

Results
Physiological adaptations to N− not apparent from transcriptome data were unveiled: (a) abundance of proteins related to photosynthesis only slightly decreased in the first 48 h, indicating that photosynthesis is still working efficiently, and protein amounts adjust gradually with reduction in chloroplast size. (b) Most proteins related to the TCA cycle were strongly upregulated after 48 h under N−, suggesting that respiration is enhanced after 48 h and that TCA cycle efflux supports the carbon required for lipid synthesis. (c) Proteins related to lipid accumulation via the Kennedy pathway increased their abundance at 48 h, synchronous with the previously reported diversification of fatty acids after 48 h.

Conclusions
This study adds a proteome perspective on the major pathways for TAG accumulation in Nannochloropsis spp. Temporal changes of proteome exhibited distinct adaptation phases that are usually delayed relative to transcriptomic responses. Notably, proteome data revealed that photosynthesis and carbon fixation are still ongoing even after 48 h of N−. Moreover, sometimes completely opposite trends in proteome and transcriptome demonstrate the relevance of underexplored post-transcriptional regulation for N− adaptation.
Evaluation of oral fluralaner (Bravecto®) for efficacy against nymphs of Amblyomma americanum and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato)
Authors: Allen Kelly , Little Susan , Petersen Melissa , Gruntmeir Jeff , Barrett Anne , Herrin Brian , Starkey Lindsay , Sun Fangshi , Guerino Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmblyomma americanumandRhipicephalus sanguineus(sensu lato) nymphs commonly feed on and transmit pathogens to dogs (Canis familiaris). Control of immature and adult tick life stages is necessary to fully protect animals. We evaluated efficacy of oral fluralaner (Bravecto®) against induced infestations withA. americanumandR. sanguineus(s.l.) nymphs on dogs in two experiments.MethodsIn each experiment, 10 dogs were administered oral fluralaner chewable tablets one time on Day 0 at a targeted minimum dose of 25 mg/kg body weight and 10 dogs remained non-treated controls. Dogs were infested with two groups of 50A. americanumnymphs and two groups of 50R. sanguineus(s.l.) nymphs on Days -1, 6, 28, 56 and 84. At 48 h and 72 h post-infestation, nymphs were collected from dogs, assessed as live or dead, and enumerated into categories defining attachment and engorgement status. Fluralaner efficacy was determined in separate analyses against all live nymphs and against live-fed nymphs, i.e. live nymphs that were attached to dogs at the time of collection and/or were engorged. Fluralaner was considered effective when mean numbers of live ticks were reduced in fluralaner-treated dogs by ≥ 90%.ResultsFluralaner efficacy against all live and live-fedA. americanumnymphs in the first experiment was > 94% on all collection days. Efficacy against all liveR. sanguineus(s.l.) nymphs in the first experiment was  > 96% on all collection days excluding the 48 h counts for infestations on Days 28 (83.7%), 56 (82.9%) and 84 (86.7%); efficacy against live-fedR. sanguineus(s.l.) nymphs was > 95% on all 48 h/72 h count days. Fluralaner efficacy against all liveA. americanumnymphs in the second experiment was > 93% on all collection days for 8 weeks excluding the 48 h count for infestation on Day 56 (87.8%); efficacy against live-fedA. americanumnymphs was > 91% on all count days for 8 weeks. Efficacy against all liveR. sanguineus(s.l.) nymphs in the second experiment was > 91% on all 72 h collection days except for infestations on Days 28 (76.8%) and 56 (86.3%); efficacy against live-fedR. sanguineus(s.l.) nymphs was 100% on all 72 h count days.ConclusionsA single administration of oral fluralaner to dogs is effective againstA. americanumandR. sanguineus(s.l.) nymphs for up to 12 weeks.
On $L^{2}$-boundedness of Fourier integral operators
Authors: Yang Jie , Chen Wenyi , Zhou Jiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLet $T_{a,\varphi }$Ta,φ be a Fourier integral operator with symbol a and phase φ. In this paper, under the conditions $a(x,\xi )\in L^{\infty }S^{n(\rho -1)/2}_{\rho }(\omega )$a(x,ξ)∈L∞Sρn(ρ−1)/2(ω) and $\varphi \in L^{\infty }\varPhi ^{2}$φ∈L∞Φ2, the authors show that $T_{a,\varphi }$Ta,φ is bounded from $L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$L2(Rn) to $L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$L2(Rn).
Optimal antenna locations of the VLBI Global Observing System for the estimation of Earth orientation parameters
Authors: Schartner Matthias , Böhm Johannes , Nothnagel Axel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo support monitoring subtle effects in the Earth system such as a mean sea level rise of 3 mm/year, a next-generation VLBI system, the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS), has been developed and a new VGOS station network is being built. However, the geometry of the current VGOS network and its planned extension suffer from a lack of stations in the southern hemisphere. In this investigation, we identify optimal locations for additional VGOS radio telescopes with a new method based on bulk observing schedule generation and subsequent large-scale Monte-Carlo simulations. The location of the additional station is varied over 477 possible locations, homogeneously distributed over land areas on the globe. For each antenna location, several schedules have been generated and simulated to minimize the effects of scheduling and the randomness of simulations. Thereby, it is possible to judge, in which regions an additional VGOS station would have the biggest impact on the precision of the estimated geodetic parameters, in our case assessed by the repeatabilities of the estimated Earth orientation parameters (EOPs). To generate highly optimized schedules and to remove effects due to non-optimized scheduling, a total of 93 thousand schedules were iteratively generated, investigating over 300 billion scans and 2.4 trillion observations. Each schedule was further simulated 1000 times, leading to over 5 trillion simulated and analyzed observations. Although the optimum location of a future VLBI station depends on the EOP of interest and the geometry of the existing network, it is shown that the more the VGOS network grows, the more the lack of southern stations becomes prominent. The best location for an additional VGOS station for most EOP components and especially in the case of future VGOS networks would be the southern part of South America. It is further shown that the location of the additional antenna highly determines the expectable precision of the EOP estimates. For a 6-station network, the location of an additional seventh antenna can improve the precision of the EOP by a factor of 2.4 to 3.8. For an 18-station network, the location of an additional 19th station still improves the repeatability by a factor of 1.6. It is also found that adding a station at some locations will not improve the precision at all.
Forest regrowth reduces richness and abundance of invasive alien plant species in community managed Shorea robusta forests of central Nepal
Authors: Khaniya Laxmi , Shrestha Bharat Babu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNatural forests are generally considered to be less prone to biological invasions than other modified ecosystems, particularly when canopy cover is high. Few decades of management of degraded forests by local communities in Nepal has increased canopy cover and altered disturbance regimes. These changes might have reduced the abundance of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in forests. To understand the status of IAPS in such forests, we studied two community managedShorea robustaforests (Sundari and Dhusheri) of Nawalpur district in central Nepal. In these two forests, vegetation sampling was done using circular plots 10 m radius at forest edge, gaps, and within canopy. Variation of IAPS richness and cover across these microhabitats were compared, and their variation with tree canopy cover and basal area analyzed.ResultAltogether 14 IAPS were recorded in the study forests; among themChromolaena odorata,Ageratum houstonianum, andLantana camarahad the highest frequency.Mikania micranthawas at the early stage of colonization in Sundari Community Forest (CF) but absent in Dhuseri CF. Both IAPS cover and richness was higher at forest edge and gap than in canopy plots and both these attributes declined with increasing canopy cover and tree basal area.ConclusionThe results indicate that increase in canopy cover and closure of forest gaps through participatory management of degraded forests can prevent plant invasions and suppress the growth of previously established IAPS inShorea robustaforests of Nepal. This is the unacknowledged benefit of participatory forest management in Nepal.
Serum electrolyte balance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens fed diets containing varied levels of monosodium glutamate (MSG)
Authors: Olarotimi Olumuyiwa Joseph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of dietary monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the serum electrolyte balance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens were assessed. In five replicates, a total of 300-day-old unsexed Abor–acre broilers were randomly allotted into six treatment groups containing varied levels of MSG at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 g/kg diet, respectively. The experimental birds were fed ad libitum with clean water provided regularly for a period of 8 weeks. On the 56th day of the experiment, five birds per replicate were randomly selected and fasted overnight. Blood samples were collected from the wing veins for serum electrolytes analyses. Serum electrolytes such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl−) as well as oxidative stress indicators assay such as total antioxidant capacity (T-OAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined using standard procedures. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance atα= 0.05.ResultsThe results revealed that MSG inclusion above 0.75 g/kg diet significantly (P< 0.05) increased the serum Na+and K+concentrations of the broiler chickens when compared with birds on the control diet, whereas the serum Cl−concentration significantly (P< 0.05) decreased from 0.50 g MSG/kg diet inclusion level. On the other hand, MSG inclusion level above 0.50 g/kg diet increased the serum MDA concentration (from 2.60 ± 0.01 to 4.60 ± 0.00) of the birds while serum GSH-Px and T-AOC concentrations significantly (P< 0.05) reduced from 170 ± 0.28 to 120 ± 0.26 and 3.30 ± 0.01 to 1.70 ± 0.01, respectively.ConclusionInclusion level above 0.50 g/kg diet could adversely offset normal physiological processes in broilers by predisposing them to renal dysfunction, coronary problem, and oxidative stress.
Correlation between ultrasound-guided percutaneous breast biopsy and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the breast for evaluation of solid breast lesions
Authors: Alabd Osama Lotfy , Alwarraky Mohamed Shawky , Taei Doha Maher , Eid Bayan , Gomaa Manal Ebraheim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
MRI’s role had been increasing in breast imaging. In this study, we evaluated the role of diffusion-weighted MRI in correlation with ultrasound-guided percutaneous breast biopsy for diagnosis of solid breast lesions.

Results
Sixty female patients were diagnosed by clinical examination and mammography and planned for ultrasound-guided breast biopsy. Diffusion-weighted MRI was done before the biopsy for results correlation. It was found that the diffusion-weighted MRI was valuable in evaluating solid female breast lesions, showing a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 91.4%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 97%, and accuracy of 93.3% % compared to pathological results.

Conclusion
Diffusion-weighted MRI has a great role in evaluating solid breast lesions.
Interactive workshop to develop implementation framework (i-PARIHS) resources to support practice facilitation
Authors: Hunter Sarah C. , Kim Bo , Kitson Alison L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Practice facilitation is a method used to address the complexity associated with implementation of innovations into primary care. To provide support, we propose that the i-PARIHS (Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services) framework could support practice facilitators. The i-PARIHS framework positions facilitation as a core element for successful implementation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide support to practice facilitators whilst simultaneously gaining feedback on what facilitators in practice need in regard to support with operationalising the i-PARIHS framework in practice.

Methods
This study involved the delivery of a 1-h workshop on the i-PARIHS framework at the 2018 International Conference on Practice Facilitation. The authors provided an overview of the i-PARIHS framework, how it can be used to support the facilitation of innovations into practice, and finally, attendees worked through facilitation scenarios and applied an i-PARIHS resource. At the end of the workshop, attendees were invited to participant in the research component, by completing a post-workshop survey on the workshop content and the i-PARIHS resource.

Results
Participants were highly engaged and enthusiastic about the workshop. Participants reported that an introduction to implementation frameworks was valuable and the example of how the i-PARIHS framework had been used in a previous project was helpful. Overall, this study identifies how framework informed facilitation helped participants feel more equipped to conduct systematic facilitation and that the development of i-PARIHS resources would be helpful in their everyday work.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the existence of implementation frameworks is not sufficient to provide support to those who facilitate in the real world. The current study introduced practice facilitators to the i-PARIHS framework, and the findings demonstrate the need to develop and refine existing i-PARIHS resources to support facilitation. Specifically, the next steps stemming from this study will be to (i) continue to utilize workshops for sharing and refining tools, (ii) allocate development efforts to tools that assist with planning, (iii) focus on tool provision mechanisms that keep user-friendliness in mind, and (iv) translate the i-PARIHS facilitation checklist from academic language into more practical and user-friendly language.
Exploration of morbidity, suicide and all-cause mortality in a Scottish forensic cohort over 20 years
Authors: Rees Cheryl , Thomson Lindsay 
Published: June 2020

Background
Premature mortality among patients experiencing forensic care is high. This paper examines the morbidity and mortality of all Scottish high secure patients in 1992/1993 and followed up 20 years later through the context of recovery.

Aims
To explore morbidity and delineate which patients are at greatest risk of premature mortality. To assess the extent of suicide and unnatural deaths. To establish which factors, if any, appear protective.

Method
Health and mortality data were extracted from national data-sets and death categorised as premature or post-expected age. Standardised mortality ratios were calculated to explore natural, unnatural and suicide deaths with Cox regression conducted to explore baseline demographics and premature death.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 21.1 years, 36.9% (n = 89) died, at an average age of 55.6 years. Of these, 70.8% (n = 63) died prematurely. Men lost on average 14.9 years and women 24.1 years of potential life. Five lives (5.6%) were lost by suicide and three (3.4%) by unnatural means.

Conclusions
In contrast to other mainstream and forensic cohorts, high rates of suicide and accidental deaths were not apparent. Risk of premature mortality is high. A greater focus upon physical health by community and in-patient services is essential.
General practitioners’ and psychiatrists’ attitudes towards antidepressant withdrawal
Authors: McCabe Joanne , Wilcock Mike , Atkinson Kate , Laugharne Richard , Shankar Rohit 
Published: June 2020

Background
There has been a recent rise in antidepressant prescriptions. After the episode for which it was prescribed, the patient should ideally be supported in withdrawing the medication. There is increasing evidence for withdrawal symptoms (sometimes called discontinuation symptoms) occurring on ceasing treatment, sometimes having severe or prolonged effects.

Aims
To identify and compare current knowledge, attitudes and practices of general practitioners (GPs) and psychiatrists in Cornwall, UK, concerning antidepressant withdrawal symptoms.

Method
Questions about withdrawal symptoms and management were asked of GPs and psychiatrists in a multiple-choice cross-sectional study co-designed with a lived experience expert.

Results
Psychiatrists thought that withdrawal symptoms were more severe than GPs did (P = 0.003); 53% (22/42) of GPs and 69% (18/26) of psychiatrists thought that withdrawal symptoms typically last between 1 and 4 weeks, although there was a wide range of answers given; 35% (9/26) of psychiatrists but no GPs identified a pharmacist as someone they may use to help manage antidepressant withdrawal. About three-quarters of respondents claimed they usually or always informed patients of potential withdrawal symptoms when they started a patient on antidepressants, but patient surveys say only 1% are warned.

Conclusions
Psychiatrists and GPs need to effectively warn patients of potential withdrawal effects. Community pharmacists might be useful in supporting GP-managed antidepressant withdrawal. The wide variation in responses to most questions posed to participants reflects the variation in results of research on the topic. This highlights a need for more reproducible studies to be carried out on antidepressant withdrawal, which could inform future guidelines.
Treatment Decision Drivers in Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Outcomes of a Web-Based Survey of Oncologists in the United States
Authors: Cotarla Ion , Boron Marnie L. , Cullen Shawna L. , Spinner Daryl S. , Faulkner Eric C. , Carroll Marissa C. , Shah Surbhi , Yagui-Beltran Adam 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of practicing medical oncologists in the United States to obtain insight into physician and patient treatment decision making in stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A convenience sample of 150 oncologists completed a 38-question Web-based survey in January 2019. RESULTS: Surveyed oncologists (82% community based) had an average of 15 years of clinical experience and had treated an average of 20 patients newly diagnosed with stage III NSCLC in the previous 6 months. Oncologists reported presenting 55% of their patients with stage III NSCLC to tumor boards. For patients with new unresectable stage III NSCLC seen in the previous 6 months, concurrent chemoradiation therapy (cCRT) was reported as the initial treatment in an average of 48% of patients. The most frequent reason for delays in starting the initial chosen treatment was insurance preauthorization processes (reported by 65% of oncologists). A total of 55% of all patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who received cCRT went on to receive consolidation immunotherapy; for patients who received consolidation chemotherapy after cCRT, the rate of immunotherapy was lower (42%). Biomarker test results were given as the reason for oncologists not recommending immunotherapy after cCRT in approximately a quarter of cases. The 112 oncologists with eligible patients who declined immunotherapy reported previous treatment fatigue as the reason in 34% of patients and insurance challenges in 19% of patients. CONCLUSION: Oncologists reported notable deviations from treatment guidelines for stage III NSCLC. Our findings highlight important opportunities to improve decision making and the coordination of care in stage III NSCLC.
Cell-Free DNA Alterations in the AR Enhancer and Locus Predict Resistance to AR-Directed Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dang Ha X. , Chauhan Pradeep S. , Ellis Haley , Feng Wenjia , Harris Peter K. , Smith Grace , Qiao Mark , Dienstbach Katherine , Beck Rachel , Atkocius Andrew , Qaium Faridi , Luo Jingqin , Michalski Jeff M. , Picus Joel , Pachynski Russell K. , Maher Christopher A. , Chaudhuri Aadel A. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cell (CTC)–based liquid biopsies have emerged as potential tools to predict responses to androgen receptor (AR)–directed therapy in metastatic prostate cancer. However, because of complex mechanisms and incomplete understanding of genomic events involved in metastatic prostate cancer resistance, current assays (eg, CTC AR-V7) demonstrate low sensitivity and remain underutilized. The recent discovery of AR enhancer amplification in > 80% of patients with metastatic disease and its association with disease resistance presents an opportunity to improve on current assays. We hypothesized that tracking AR/enhancer genomic alterations in plasma cfDNA would detect resistance with high sensitivity and specificity. PATIENTS AND METHODS We developed a targeted sequencing and analysis method as part of a new assay called Enhancer and Neighboring Loci of Androgen Receptor Sequencing (EnhanceAR-Seq). We applied EnhanceAR-Seq to plasma collected from 40 patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with AR-directed therapy to monitor AR/enhancer genomic alterations and correlated these events with therapy resistance, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS EnhanceAR-Seq identified genomic alterations in the AR/enhancer locus in 45% of cases, including a 40% rate of AR enhancer amplification. Patients with AR/enhancer alterations had significantly worse PFS and OS than those without (6-month PFS, 30% v 71%; P = .0002; 6-month OS, 59% v 100%; P = .0015). AR/enhancer alterations in plasma cfDNA detected 18 of 23 resistant cases (78%) and outperformed the CTC AR-V7 assay, which was also run on a subset of patients. CONCLUSION cfDNA-based AR locus alterations, including of the enhancer, are strongly associated with resistance to AR-directed therapy and significantly worse survival. cfDNA analysis using EnhanceAR-Seq may enable more precise risk stratification and personalized therapeutic approaches for metastatic prostate cancer.