bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual-molecular barcode sequencing detects rare variants in tumor and cell free DNA in plasma
Authors: Hirotsu Yosuke , Otake Sotaro , Ohyama Hiroshi , Amemiya Kenji , Higuchi Rumi , Oyama Toshio , Mochizuki Hitoshi , Goto Taichiro , Omata Masao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConventional next generation sequencing analysis has provided important insights into cancer genetics. However, the detection of rare (low allele fraction) variants remains difficult because of the error-prone nucleotide changes derived from sequencing/PCR errors. To eliminate the false-positive variants and detect genuine rare variants, sequencing technology combined with molecular barcodes will be useful. Here, we used the newly developed dual-molecular barcode technology (Ion AmpliSeq HD) to analyze somatic mutations in 24 samples (12 tumor tissues and 12 plasma) from 12 patients with biliary-pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancers. We compared the results between next generation sequencing analysis with or without molecular barcode technologies. The variant allele fraction (VAF) between non-molecular barcode and molecular barcode sequencing was correlated in plasma DNA (R2 = 0.956) and tumor (R2 = 0.935). Both methods successfully detected high VAF mutations, however, rare variants were only identified by molecular barcode sequencing and not by non-molecular barcode sequencing. Some of these rare variants in tumors were annotated as pathogenic, and therefore subclonal driver mutations could be observed. Furthermore, the very low VAF down to 0.17% were identified in cell free DNA in plasma. These results demonstrate that the dual molecular barcode sequencing technologies can sensitively detect rare somatic mutations, and will be important in the investigation of the clonal and subclonal architectures of tumor heterogeneity.
Growth and establishment of monodominant stands affected by ENSO and flooding in the Pantanal
Authors: Gris Darlene , Paixão Eliana , Arruda Rosani C. O. , Ishii Iria H. , Marques Maria R. , Damasceno-Junior Geraldo A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClimatic factors can influence the establishment and growth of wood species, but little is known about the effect of these factors on monodominant communities in wetlands. Therefore, we asked how climatic factors, such as ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation), precipitation and flooding, influence growth and establishment of the dominant speciesErythrina fuscain the Pantanal. We determined the age of sampled individuals, the age of the population and evaluated the effects of climate on tree growth. We obtained samples for dendrochronological analyses using destructive (seven individuals) and non-destructive methods. We cross-dated and built a chronology, correlating results with climatic factors. We sampled 0.6 ha of the population and separated individuals into diameter classes to determine age based on diameter/age ratio obtained through dendrochronological analyses. We obtained a chronology with individuals up to 34 years old, while in the population sample, the oldest individual was 54 years old. The factors that influenced growth during the study period were precipitation (positive correlation) andEl Niño(negative correlation).E. fuscaindividuals seem to grow more during the period of highest precipitation, andEl Niñoevents reduce precipitation in the Pantanal, resulting in a decrease in the growth ofE. fuscaindividuals. We detected a decrease of young individuals in the last nine years, which seems to be related to the decrease in minimum flood levels. This indicates a future decline in the number of individuals. These results allow us to propose measures to protect these monodominant formations, which mainly involve avoiding further anthropic activities, that could reduce flooding levels.
Pleasant body odours, but not genetic similarity, influence trustworthiness in a modified trust game
Authors: Lobmaier Janek S. , Probst Fabian , Fischbacher Urs , Wirthmüller Urs , Knoch Daria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIdentifying trustworthy partners is an important adaptive challenge for establishing mutually cooperative relationships. Previous studies have demonstrated a marked relationship between a person’s attractiveness and his apparent trustworthiness (beauty premium). Kin selection theory, however, suggests that cues to kinship enhance trustworthiness. Here we directly tested predictions of the beauty premium and kin selection theory by using body odours as cues to trustworthiness. Body odours reportedly portray information about an individuals’ genotype at the human leucocyte antigen system (HLA) and thus olfactory cues in body odours serve as a promising means for kin recognition. Ninety men played trust games in which they divided uneven sums of monetary units between two male trustees represented by their body odour and rated each body odour for pleasantness. Half of the odours came from HLA-similar men (suggesting closer kin) and half from HLA dissimilar men (suggesting non-kin). We found that the amount of money the players transferred was not related to HLA-similarity, but to the pleasantness of the trustee’s body odour. By showing that people with more pleasant body odours are trusted more than people with unpleasant body odour we provide evidence for a “beauty-premium” that overrides any putative effect of kin.
Application of micro pump hydro energy storage for reliable operation of microgrid system
Authors: Dhundhara Sandeep , Verma Yajvender Pal 
Published: February 2020

The energy storage system is the backbone of an isolated microgrid (MG), which helps to provide a secure and reliable power supply. The operation of the MG systems operating without storage is affected highly due to intermittent generation and sudden load demand fluctuations. This study investigates the operational behaviour of an isolated MG system in terms of frequency and power balance by incorporating the Micro Pump Hydro Energy Storage (MPHES) system. The investigated MG system consists of biodiesel, solar and wind‐based generating units with MPHES and battery as energy storage systems. The realistic data for solar and wind resources have been used to consider the practical scenario of any area. The recently developed coyote‐optimisation algorithm is employed for optimal tuning of the proportional–integral controller using the integral of time multiplied absolute error criterion. The simulation studies have been conducted to investigate the performance of the MG system by incorporating the MPHES system for a typical day (36 h) under various operating conditions. The analysis reveals that the MG system exhibits smoother and consistent dynamic performance by including the MPHES unit and efficiently utilises renewable power.
The coexistence of the streaming instability and the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Schäfer Urs , Johansen Anders , Banerjee Robi 
Published: February 2020

The streaming instability is a leading candidate mechanism to explain the formation of planetesimals. However, the role of this instability in the driving of turbulence in protoplanetary disks, given its fundamental nature as a linear hydrodynamical instability, has so far not been investigated in detail. We study the turbulence that is induced by the streaming instability as well as its interaction with the vertical shear instability. For this purpose, we employ the FLASH Code to conduct two-dimensional axisymmetric global disk simulations spanning radii from 1 to 100 au, including the mutual drag between gas and dust as well as the radial and vertical stellar gravity. If the streaming instability and the vertical shear instability start their growth at the same time, we find the turbulence in the dust midplane layer to be primarily driven by the streaming instability. The streaming instability gives rise to vertical gas motions with a Mach number of up to ~10−2. The dust scale height is set in a self-regulatory manner to about 1% of the gas scale height. In contrast, if the vertical shear instability is allowed to saturate before the dust is introduced into our simulations, then it continues to be the main source of the turbulence in the dust layer. The vertical shear instability induces turbulence with a Mach number of ~10−1 and thus impedes dust sedimentation. Nonetheless, we find the vertical shear instability and the streaming instability in combination to lead to radial dust concentration in long-lived accumulations that are significantly denser than those formed by the streaming instability alone. Therefore, the vertical shear instability may promote planetesimal formation by creating weak overdensities that act as seeds for the streaming instability.
À quel âge est-on sénior ?
Authors: Pourrat Frank 
Published: February 2020

Dans la littérature socio-économique, un grand nombre de termes est aujourd’hui utilisé pour décrire ceux qui autrefois, était dénommés « les vieux ».
Notre société a créé une nouvelle catégorie d’âge : celle des 55 -75 ans, de part la transformation du parcours de vie.
Notre activité orthodontique voit apparaître aujourd’hui un grand nombre d’adultes, dont plus particulièrement la catégorie du troisième âge : les séniors. Les séniors sont-ils vraiment ceux du troisième âge ?
Nous essayerons de catégoriser sous les différents noms qui apparaîssent dans la littérature, la catégorie des séniors : Combien sont-ils ? Qui sontils ? Quels problèmes rencontrent-ils ? Pourquoi sont-ils dans nos cabinets ?
Zu viel des Guten
Authors: Schlutt Uwe 
Published: February 2020

SummaryDer Aderlass wird seit rund 2500 Jahren angewandt und entstammt der griechischen und später der mittelalterlichen Säftelehre. Man unterscheidet je nach Entnahmevolumen und Vorgehen den großen und kleinen Aderlass sowie die Variante nach Hildegard von Bingen und den Mikroaderlass. Zu den wichtigsten Indikationen zählen Hypertonie, chronisch entzündliche Prozesse, Füllezustände, Krampfaderbeschwerden, Migräne, allergische Reaktionslage und therapieresistente chronische Prozesse.
Kardiologische Anforderungen an die Nuklearmedizinische Untersuchung
Authors: Buechel Ronny R. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung ist und bleibt in vielen Fällen ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der nicht invasiven kardiologischen Diagnostik. Wichtig ist dabei eine enge und partnerschaftliche interdisziplinäre Kommunikation. So muss der Nuklearmediziner, gerade auch vor dem Hintergrund der sich stetig weiterentwickelnden bildgebenden Techniken, aber auch aufgrund neuartiger Tracer und neuer Anwendungsgebiete, in der Lage sein, der Kardiologie als beratender Kollege und Experte zur Verfügung zu stehen. Dabei gilt es nicht nur, bezogen auf die jeweilige Fragestellung, über Stärken und Schwächen verschiedener Modalitäten und Techniken zu informieren. Es müssen auch die Befunde innerhalb eines übergeordneten klinischen Kontexts interpretiert werden, um möglichst klare Empfehlungen geben zu können. Nur so kann für die Patienten schließlich aus hochstehender Diagnostik ein maximaler klinischer Benefit erreicht werden. Um dies zu erreichen, ist umgekehrt auch für den Nuklearmediziner ein grundlegendes Verständnis für die kardiologische Sicht unverzichtbar. Der nachfolgende Artikel versucht daher, die Anforderungen an nuklearmedizinische Untersuchungen im Kontext der kardiologischen Tätigkeit und die damit verbundenen Überlegungen aufzuzeigen. Der Fokus liegt dabei aufgrund der sozioökonomischen und gesundheitspolitischen Relevanz auf dem Krankheitsbild der koronaren Herzkrankheit. Weiter werden die Anforderungen an nuklearmedizinische Untersuchungen im Kontext von myokardialer Inflammationsabklärung und schließlich bei kardialer Amyloidose betrachtet.
Stoffwechsel in Schieflage
Authors: Grafen Keren 
Published: February 2020

SummaryDas lebensstilbedingte Metabolische Syndrom betrifft rund ein Viertel der Bevölkerung und ist durch das Zusammenwirken von Adipositas, Diabetes, Dyslipidämie und Hypertonie charakterisiert. Für die Einschätzung und Therapie der Krankheitsrisiken und -entwicklung liefert das Blutlabor die entscheidenden Informationen, insbesondere über den Fett- und Glukosestoffwechsel sowie den oxidativen Status. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Frühdiagnostik mit Markern wie Adiponektin, C-Peptid, Lipoprotein a, Glutathion sowie kardialen Parametern wie hsCRP, BNP und Homocystein.
Morphing as a Selection Tool in the Rhinoplasty Consult: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lekakis Garyfalia , Sykes Jonathan , Hens Greet , Hellings Peter William 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the recognized value of morphing in the literature, this preoperative tool has never been studied in the context of selection process in rhinoplasty. The main purpose of this article is to identify the use of morphing as a filter for unsuitable patients, the attrition rate from the initial consultation to surgery, and whether patients' appreciation on morphing influence their decision-making process. Three-hundred thirty-four consecutive patients, seeking rhinoplasty, underwent two-dimensional computer imaging and completed a 14-question survey about their opinion on morphing. Based on the presence or absence of patient/physician consensus on the expected outcomes during simulation, patients were divided into accepted or rejected candidates for surgery. Accepted candidates were scheduled for rhinoplasty and subdivided into those who underwent surgery, those who postponed their surgery (static), and those who cancelled their procedure. Their responses to the survey were compared between different patients' categories. Forty-four patients (13.2%) were rejected for rhinoplasty since consensus was not achieved during morphing. From 290 accepted patients, 178 underwent their operation (53.3%), 74 patients (22.1%) postponed their rhinoplasty, and 38 (11.4%) cancelled their surgery. Fifty-seven percent of rejected patients and 42% of the static group were not satisfied with the proposed results of morphing, in contrast with 16% of the operated group. Sixty-four percent of rejected patients, and 47% of the static group were not reassured after morphing, compared with 26% of the operated group. Presence or absence of consensus during morphing can guide the surgeon regarding a given patients' suitability for surgery. Patient satisfaction and reassurance with the morphed images can be a good predictor of patients who will proceed to surgery, calling attention to the value of morphing as a selection tool for surgeons and patients alike.
Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Outcomes—Can We REDUCE-IT ?
Authors: Pradhan Akshyaya , Bhandari Monika , Vishwakarma Pravesh , Sethi Rishi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe causal linkage between triglycerides and coronary artery disease has been controversial. Most of the trials hitherto have shown marginal or no beneficial effects of reduction of triglycerides (with fibrates) on top of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction. But a significant residual cardiovascular risk remains even after use of high dose of statins. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to reduce triglyceride levels and some old trials have shown the benefits of fish oils in reducing cardiovascular events. However, barring a few trials most of the large trials of omega-3 fatty acids are negative. Recently, few large trials have been conducted to see the effects of high dose omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes and some of them have shown promising results on top of LDL reduction.
Civil liability for damages related to germline and embryo editing against the legal admissibility of gene editing
Authors: Krekora-Zając Dorota 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe creators of CRISPR-Cas9 method have turned to the world community, including lawyers, to undertake a public discussion on the implications that it can create. One of the most important problems to be resolved in the future, will be the issue of establishing very clear legal principles of compensatory liability for damages resulting from the editing of genes in human embryos and reproductive cells. It is necessary to show possible legal problems that may arise and—what is more—the fact that they will certainly appear in future legislative work in the world. Questions must be asked to which world legal experts will seek answers. And this is the goal of this paper was set—showing possible legal problems and asking questions related to liability for damages resulting from the editing of genes in human embryos and reproductive cells that will be answered in the future. The most important research questions are therefore: what is the genetic nature of the genes edition—is it a treatment whose aim is to treat infertility of parents or the future child? How to determine the scope of responsibility in the situation when it comes to the “cure” of one mutation, but there is a tendency to develop a disease in the future? What then is the scope of the doctor’s duty to inform? How to qualify the editing of a gene that is not intended to cure the existing disease, but to obtain a certain specific immunity? What legal obligations will weigh on parents who decide to edit the genes of the embryo or in the preconception phase? Finally, the question arises about the time limits of this gene-editing responsibility. If we make genetic modification of hereditary nature, then will the children or grandchildren subjected to gene editing be able to make claims? In this paper, the provisions of international European law, common law and continental law on the example of Polish law have been analysed. The key findings of this paper are to show that legal problems in gene editing are not limited to answering the question whether it should be admissible or not. For this reason, the role of legal discourse, and in particular of private law, should focus on the reinterpretation of traditional compensation structures, so that they also protect the rights of people whose genome has been modified.
Gender and Arctic climate change science in Canada
Authors: Natcher David , Maria Bogdan Ana , Lieverse Angela , Spiers Kent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere is growing recognition that gender diversity within research organizations can result in innovative research outcomes. It has also been recognized that gender homogeneity can undermine the quality and breadth of the research and may allow some to cast doubt on the legitimacy of scientific findings. In this paper, we present the results of a gender-based analysis of Canada’s ArcticNet Networks Centers of Excellence. Representing Canada’s single largest commitment to climate change science, ArcticNet has involved 761 researchers who have published >2400 peer-reviewed publications on the impacts of climate change in the Canadian Arctic. Our results indicate that, despite outnumbering their male peers at the graduate levels, the representation of women within ArcticNet exhibits a marked decline to only 21% (N = 51) of all ArcticNet investigators (N = 246). In addition to being numerically under-represented, female investigators in ArcticNet have fewer research collaborators and are generally less integrated into the network as compared to their male colleagues. Male investigators tend to form homophilious ties—publishing predominately with other males, whereas female investigators have heterophilious collaborations, with fewer peer-reviewed journal articles. Given the complexities of climate change research, particularly in the Arctic where the impacts of climate change are projected to be most extreme, the equitable inclusion of female scientists and other under-represented groups is crucial if sustainable solutions are to be found.
Timing of fungal spore release dictates survival during atmospheric transport
Authors: Lagomarsino Oneto Daniele , Golan Jacob , Mazzino Andrea , Pringle Anne , Seminara Agnese 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Fungi move between habitats by dispersing small spores through the atmosphere. We ask what causes some species to release spores at a specific time every day versus irregularly. We find that timing of spore release dictates how long spores remain in the atmosphere before returning to the ground: Spores released at night are likely to travel for hours while spores released during the day may linger for days. Drivers are stronger in lower, warmer latitudes. Because spores in the open atmosphere are likely to die from prolonged exposure to light and air, the timing of spore release will impact survival. We have discovered a constraint likely to shape observed patterns of spore liberation.
Massively parallel variant characterization identifiesNUDT15alleles associated with thiopurine toxicity
Authors: Suiter Chase C. , Moriyama Takaya , Matreyek Kenneth A. , Yang Wentao , Scaletti Emma Rose , Nishii Rina , Yang Wenjian , Hoshitsuki Keito , Singh Minu , Trehan Amita , Parish Chris , Smith Colton , Li Lie , Bhojwani Deepa , Yuen Liz Y. P. , Li Chi-kong , Li Chak-ho , Yang Yung-li , Walker Gareth J. , Goodhand James R. , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Klussmann Federico Antillon , Bhatia Smita , Relling Mary V. , Kato Motohiro , Hori Hiroki , Bhatia Prateek , Ahmad Tariq , Yeoh Allen E. J. , Stenmark Pål , Fowler Douglas M. , Yang Jun J. 
Published: February 2020

SignificancePharmacogenetics is a prototype of genomics-guided precision medicine. While there is a rapid expansion of novel pharmacogenetic variants discovered by genome sequencing, the lack of variant interpretation in a scalable fashion is a formidable barrier in this field.NUDT15polymorphism is a major genetic cause for hematopoietic toxicity during thiopurine therapy. Motivated by the need to understandNUDT15variant effects for clinical actions, we developed a massively parallel assay to preemptively characterize 91.8% of all possible missense variants inNUDT15. Our function-based variant classification accurately predicted thiopurine toxicity risk alleles in patients. These results vastly improved the ability to implement genotype-guided thiopurine therapy and illustrated the value and potential of a high-throughput variant effect screen in general.
Representation of distinct reward variables for self and other in primate lateral hypothalamus
Authors: Noritake Atsushi , Ninomiya Taihei , Isoda Masaki 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Motivation is affected by rewards to both oneself and others. Which brain regions separately monitor self-rewards and other-rewards? It has been thought that higher-order, neocortical regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex, monitor behavioral information in agent-selective manners. Here, we show that a subcortical region called the lateral hypothalamus (LH), an evolutionarily old structure in the vertebrate brain, also contains agent-specific reward information and further integrates it into a subjective reward value. This other-reward–dependent value signal is causally used for adaptive behavior, because deactivation of LH cells totally eliminates the motivational impact of other-rewards. Our findings indicate that the LH is an integral component of social brain networks and shapes socially motivated behavior via functional coordination with neocortical regions.
Angry tweets
Authors: Breeze Ruth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The rise of populism has turned researchers’ attention to the importance of affect in politics. This is a
corpus-assisted study investigating lexis in the semantic domain of anger and violence in tweets by radical-right campaigner Nigel
Farage in comparison with four other prominent British politicians. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses of discourse show
that Farage cultivates a particular set of affective-discursive practices, which bring anger into the public sphere and offer a
channel to redirect frustrations. Rather than expressing his own emotions, he presents anger as generalised throughout society,
and then performs the role of defending ‘ordinary people’ who are the victims of the elites. This enables him to legitimise violent
emotions and actions by appealing to the need for self-assertion and self-defence.