bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies in alkaptonuria reveal new roles beyond drug clearance for phase I and II biotransformations in tyrosine metabolism
Authors: Norman Brendan P , Davison Andrew S , Hughes Juliette H , Sutherland Hazel , Wilson Peter J , Berry Neil G , Hughes Andrew T , Milan Anna M , Jarvis Jonathan C , Roberts Norman B , Ranganath Lakshminarayan R , Bou-Gharios George , Gallagher James A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and Purposealkaptonuria (AKU) is an inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism caused by lack of the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD). The primary biochemical consequence of HGD-deficiency is increased circulating homogentisic acid (HGA), which is central to AKU disease pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the wider metabolic consequences of targetedHgddisruption.Experimental Approachthe first metabolomic analysis of theHgd−/−AKU mouse model was performed. Urinary metabolites altered inHgd−/−were further validated by showing that the HGA-lowering drug nitisinone reversed their direction of alteration in AKUKey Resultscomparison ofHgd−/−(AKU) versusHgd+/−(heterozygous control) urine revealed increases in HGA and a group of 8 previously unreported HGA-derived transformation products from phase I and II metabolism. HGA biotransformation products HGA-sulfate, HGA-glucuronide, HGA-hydrate and hydroxymethyl-HGA were also decreased in urine from both mice and patients with AKU on the HGA-lowering agent nitisinone.Hgdknockout also revealed a host of previously unrecognised associations between tyrosine, purine and TCA cycle metabolic pathways.Conclusion and ImplicationsAKU is rare, but our findings further what is currently understood about tyrosine metabolism more generally, and show for the first time that phase I and II detoxification is recruited to prevent accumulation of endogenously-produced metabolites in inborn errors of metabolism. The data highlight the misconception that phase I and II metabolic biotransformations are reserved solely for drug clearance; these are ancient mechanisms, which represent new potential treatment targets in inherited metabolic diseases.Abstract FigureBullet point summaryWhat is already knownIncreased circulating homogentisic acid is central to disease pathology in the inherited metabolic disease alkaptonuriaTheHgdknockout mouse, created in our laboratory, accurately models human alkaptonuriaWhat this study addsPhase I and II biotransformations are recruited in alkaptonuria for detoxification of homogentisic acidThese data challenge misconceptions that phase I and II metabolism is solely for drug clearanceClinical significancePhase I and II metabolic processes represent new treatment targets in inherited metabolic diseasesThe molecular pathology of AKU extends much further than the known alteration to tyrosine metabolism
Curriculum development in health and the built environment: creating a multidisciplinary platform to enhance knowledge and engagement
Authors: Gharipour Mohammad , Trout Amber L. 
Published: April 2020

PurposeOur lived experiences are complex, dynamic and increasingly connected locally and globally through virtual realities that call for an evolution and responsiveness from the field of architecture education. To ensure future built environments are designed to nurture healing and health, this paper aims to address a critical need in architecture education to integrate knowledge of health and social-behavioral disciplines in students' course work. The authors will outline the process of preparing a new multidisciplinary course on health and the built environment (HBE) at the School of Architecture and Planning at Morgan State University in Baltimore, USA, as an effort to challenge the barriers of discipline-specific pathways to learning in the field of architecture.Design/methodology/approachThe central question is how to develop an active learning pedagogy to foster a multidisciplinary learning environment focused on the “practice” (how to) of human-design-oriented approaches to improve the capability of built and natural environments to promote health and healing. The course intentionally centered on the real-life experiences of students to ground their new understanding of health and well-being fields. The course proposal went through an extensive peer-review process of reviewers from the National Institute of Health (NIH) and other departments at Morgan State University to ensure a balance between health- and architecture-specific curricula with a transdisciplinary approach to understanding complex health issues.FindingsThis paper shows the effectiveness of tools and techniques applied in the course to challenge architectural students to integrate various health and behavior perspectives in their designs and to apply health and healing principals to their current and future design projects.Originality/valueWhile there are courses in American universities that offer a traditional introduction to health concerns related to the built environment, there is limited focus on the perspective of the design field approach to improve health and healing outcomes.
High-performance combined ring oscillators
Authors: Soltani Masoud , Khatib Farzan , Seyyed Mahdavi Chabok Seyyed Javad 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate a more robust ring oscillator. Less sensitivity to power supply variations is a target. This is important since low-quality ring oscillators could be exploited in numerous systems to reduce die costs.

Design/methodology/approach
The method in this work is large signal analysis. Delay time as the large signal parameter is calculated symbolically to explore dependency on a power supply voltage. Then simulations are performed to make a comparison. In this work, mathematical justifications are verified via HSPICE circuit simulator outputs, while 0.18 µm TSMC CMOS technology is exploited.

Findings
At least two combined configurations are presented with higher robustness. These circuits are more appropriate in noisy conditions. Both theoretical calculations and simulation results verify less sensitive oscillation against supply voltage ripples and temperature variations.

Originality/value
Introducing a band-switched inverter in combined configurations is contribution. In this way, three structures are presented which both show higher stability in oscillation frequency. The band switched delay time calculations are quite new and also the validity of the symbolical delay time approach is verified by circuit simulations.
Design of a miniaturized tri-band bandstop filter using spur microstrip lines and via-hole grounding
Authors: Ganesan Revathi , Sankararajan Radha 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a miniaturized tri-band bandstop filter that finds application in a modern dense communication system where size and multi-band plays a vital role.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors propose a miniaturized tri-band microstrip bandstop filter which combines the conventional bandstop filter and spur microstrip line structures such that this design achieves tri-band operation at 1.8 GHz and 3 GHz. The overall length of the microstrip filter is found to reduce from 126 to 45 mm because of introduction of spur lines and via-hole grounding. The addition of spur lines replaces two resonators, introduces two additional resonant frequencies and enhances the −6 dB bandwidth of the center frequency by 14 %.The addition of via-holes in each resonator reduces its length into half of its original length, thereby reducing filter size.

Findings
Resonance occurs at three different frequencies 1.8, 2.4 and 3 GHz. The filter size reduces from 126 to 45 mm, and the −6 dB rejection bandwidth of center frequency improves by 14 %.

Originality/value
The overall filter size is reduced by 65% and it resonates at three different frequencies 1.8, 2.4 and 3 GHz with an improved bandwidth of 10 % around the center frequency.
An efficient Bayesian network for differential diagnosis using experts' knowledge
Authors: Ershadi Mohammad Mahdi , Seifi Abbas 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study aims to differential diagnosis of some diseases using classification methods to support effective medical treatment. For this purpose, different classification methods based on data, experts’ knowledge and both are considered in some cases. Besides, feature reduction and some clustering methods are used to improve their performance.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the performances of classification methods are evaluated for differential diagnosis of different diseases. Then, experts' knowledge is utilized to modify the Bayesian networks' structures. Analyses of the results show that using experts' knowledge is more effective than other algorithms for increasing the accuracy of Bayesian network classification. A total of ten different diseases are used for testing, taken from the Machine Learning Repository datasets of the University of California at Irvine (UCI).FindingsThe proposed method improves both the computation time and accuracy of the classification methods used in this paper. Bayesian networks based on experts' knowledge achieve a maximum average accuracy of 87 percent, with a minimum standard deviation average of 0.04 over the sample datasets among all classification methods.Practical implicationsThe proposed methodology can be applied to perform disease differential diagnosis analysis.Originality/valueThis study presents the usefulness of experts' knowledge in the diagnosis while proposing an adopted improvement method for classifications. Besides, the Bayesian network based on experts' knowledge is useful for different diseases neglected by previous papers.
Mentors' approach to practicum mentoring in the Spanish and Thai contexts: a two-cohort comparison using the Mentoring Profile Inventory
Authors: Mena Juanjo , Faikhamta Chatree , Clarke Anthony 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to better understand the work of mentors or cooperating teachers (CTs) in Spain and Thailand, by comparing how mentors in both contexts conceive of their work in teacher education.Design/methodology/approachA comparative study based on a crossnational research (CNR) approach was used. An internationally validated instrument, the Mentoring Profile Inventory (MPI), was given to 171 Spanish and 170 Thai CTs, and an analysis usingttests and constant comparative methods was conducted.FindingsThe main results indicate that the Spanish cohort reported being significantly more challenged than their Thai counterparts in working with preservice teachers (PSTs). Both groups indicated a similar degree of motivation. The comparative analysis revealed that the Thai CTs emphasized the importance of ethics in teaching and being a role model for PSTs, whereas the Spanish CTs emphasized the need for strong interpersonal relationships as being central to successful mentoring.Research limitations/implicationsUnderstanding mentors' challenges and motivations can form the basis for reflecting upon the essential components of teacher preparation in both contexts. Furthermore, comparative cross-context analyses, as demonstrated in this paper, are vital for the identification of important differences that might otherwise remain invisible or unrecognized from a single-context perspective.Originality/valueThe study is original in its focus in that it offers insights that help better understand attitudes and performance within and across contexts – in this case, a European and an Asian country – using a common metric, the MPI. This study serves as an exemplar for other comparison studies for countries of mentors.
Inventory financing a risk-averse newsvendor with strategic default
Authors: Li Tianyun , Fang Weiguo , Dash Wu Desheng , Zhang Baofeng 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe paper aims to explore the optimal strategies of inventory financing when the risk-averse retailer has different objectives, in the presence of multi-risk, i.e. demand risk, non-operational risk and retailer's strategic default risk.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops an inventory financing model consisting of a bank and a risk-averse retailer with strategic default. This paper considers two scenarios, i.e. the capital-constrained retailer cares about its profit or firm value. In the first scenario, the bank acts as a Stackelberg leader determining its interest rate, and the retailer acts as a follower determining its pledged quantity. In the second one, the bank capital market is perfectly competitive. Lagrange multiplier method is adopted to solve the optimization.FindingsThe optimal strategies in inventory financing scheme in two scenarios are derived. Only when the initial stock is relatively high, the retailer pledges part of the initial stock. Retailer's risk aversion reduces its pledged quantity and performance. The strategic default reduces its profit. When it is relatively high, the bank refuses to offer the loan.Practical implicationsAnalytical inventory and financing strategies are specified to help retailers and banks to better understand the interaction of finance and operations management and to better respond to multi-risk.Originality/valueNew results and managerial insights are derived by incorporating partially endogenous strategic default and risk aversion into inventory financing, which enriches the interfaces of operations management and finance.
Improving mobile health apps usage: a quantitative study on mPower data of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Jiexun , Chang Xiaohui 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe emergence of mobile health (mHealth) products has created a capability of monitoring and managing the health of patients with chronic diseases. These mHealth technologies would not be beneficial unless they are adopted and used by their target users. This study identifies key factors affecting the usage of mHealth apps based on user usage data collected from an mHealth app.Design/methodology/approachUsing a dataset collected from an mHealth app named mPower, developed for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), this paper investigated the effects of disease diagnosis, disease progression and mHealth app difficulty level on app usage, while controlling for user information. App usage is measured by five different activity counts of the app.FindingsThe results across five measures of mHealth app usage vary slightly. On average, previous professional diagnosis and high user performance scores encourage user participation and engagement, while disease progression hinders app usage.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings potentially provide insights into better design and promotion of mHealth products and improve the capability of health management of patients with chronic diseases.Originality/valueStudies on the mHealth app usage are critical but sparse because large-scale and reliable mHealth app usage data are limited. Unlike earlier works based solely on survey data, this research used a large user usage data collected from an mHealth app to study key factors affecting app usage. The methods presented in this study can serve as a pioneering work for the design and promotion of mHealth technologies.
Building the capacity for student leadership in high school: a review of organizational mechanisms from the field of student voice
Authors: Lyons Lindsay , Brasof Marc 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the organizational mechanisms by which schools can increase opportunities for student leadership.Design/methodology/approachA review of the student voice literature conducted in high schools was used to identify organizational mechanisms for enhancing student leadership.FindingsFive leadership-fostering organizational mechanisms were identified: consistency, research, group makeup, governance structure and recognition.Originality/valueThis paper examines the existing body of student voice research to identify organizational mechanisms for fostering student leadership in schools. Researchers can use this to operationalize student leadership mechanisms and study their impact. Practitioners can implement these mechanisms in schools to support youth leadership development.
An exploration into key roles in making project-based learning happen
Authors: Pan Gary , Seow Poh-Sun , Shankararaman Venky , Koh Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
One of the main obstacles facing project-based learning (PBL) adoption relates to a lack of understanding by teachers and students in the roles they are required to play in the learning process. This study aims to address this obstacle, so as to better promote regular adoption of PBL pedagogy in educational institutions.

Design/methodology/approach
The strategy was to undertake an in-depth case study of PBL courses taught in UNI-X’s undergraduate curriculum. The case study approach is particularly appropriate for this exploratory study because it allows to capture the organizational dynamics of the phenomenon better and also its ability to explain the phenomenon based on interpretation of data.

Findings
This paper presents an empirical study on the role perspective of PBL in a collaborative project environment. By drawing upon a case study of UNI-X, the authors argue that a teacher plays the roles of a designer, champion, facilitator and manager in a PBL course. To ensure that learning is effective, students should play the roles of a self-directed learner and a warrior when completing their projects. It is clear that role ambiguity and role conflict could occur in PBL courses and might even impact the effectiveness of student learning.

Originality/value
For researchers, this paper contributes to the PBL literature by introducing a role perspective of PBL. This study identifies a list of roles a teacher and a student could potentially play in a PBL setting. Such understanding could serve as a reminder for a teacher and a student for the roles they need to play in achieving learning outcomes of a PBL course.
Natural disasters and MNC sub-national investments in China
Authors: Oh Chang Hoon , Oetzel Jennifer , Rivera Jorge , Lien Donald 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how foreign firms consider natural disaster risk in subsequent investment decisions in a host country and whether different location portfolios can serve to mitigate investment risk.

Design/methodology/approach
The author sample includes data on 437 Fortune Global 500 firms and their initial entry into Chinese provinces between 1955 and 2008.

Findings
Using a fixed effects logit model of discrete time event history analysis, results show that geographic proximity to same multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiaries and different MNC subsidiaries from the same home country mitigates the negative effect of natural disasters on MNC entry into an affected province, while geographic proximity to other MNC subsidiaries from different home countries does not.

Originality/value
The knowledge needed to respond to severe disasters appears to be highly context-specific and shared only between firms with a high degree of commonality and trust.
Optimization of process parameters on drilling of natural fibres reinforced in epoxy resin matrices using Taguchi–Grey relational analysis
Authors: K M Alagappan , S Vijayaraghavan , M P Jenarthanan , R Giridharan 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the ideal process parameters to be set for the drilling of hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) (kenaf and banana) composite using High-Speed Steel drill bits (5, 10, 15 mm) coated with tungsten carbide by means of statistical reproduction of the delamination factor and machining force using Taguchi–Grey Relational Analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe contemplated process parameters are Feed, Speed and Drill Diameter. The trials were carried out by taking advantage of the L-27 factorial design by Taguchi. Three factors, the three level Taguchi Orthogonal Array design in Grey Relational Analysis was used to carry out the trial study. Video Measuring System was used to identify the damage around the drill region. “Minitab 18” was used to examine the data collected by taking advantage of the various statistical and graphical tools available. Examination of variance is used to legitimize the model in identifying the most notable parameter.FindingsThe optimised set of input parameters were found out successfully which are as follows: Feed Rate: 450 mm/min, Cutting Speed: 3,000 rpm and Drill Diameter of 5 mm. When these values are fed in as input the optimised output is being obtained. From ANOVA analysis, it is apparent that the Speed (contribution of 92.6%) is the most influencing parameter on the delamination factor and machining force of the FRP material.Originality/valueOptimization of process parameters on drilling of natural fibres reinforced in epoxy resin matrices using Taguchi–Grey Relational Analysis has not been previously explored.
Effects of heat and mass transfer on the peristaltic motion of Sutterby fluid in an inclined channel
Authors: Atlas Faseeha , Javed Maryiam , Imran Naveed 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the peristaltic mechanism of Sutterby fluid in a symmetric channel with mass and heat transfer.Design/methodology/approachMass and heat transfer are investigated in the assumption of Reynolds number and the long wavelength. The velocity, temperature and concentration terms for small values of Sutterby fluid parameter are achieved.FindingsGraphical results have been introduced for various important parameters. The effects of emerging key parameters are also highlighted.Originality/valueSutterby fluid model is one that represents the high polymer aqueous solutions. It is now strongly believed that any diseased part of the body would be cured better when exposed to magnetic force when compared with a drug. Peristalsis with mass and heat transfer occurs in treatment to destroy the unwanted tissues, hemodialysis and oxygenation process, etc.
How to value a real estate company? Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (ALEX)
Authors: Zeng Bei , Johannesen Andreas , Fang Xin 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study aims to provide students an opportunity to analyze the financial performance of a publicly listed real estate company and estimate its instinct value by applying appropriate financial models and approaches.Theoretical basisThree major valuation models/approaches generated by financial theory and practice to estimate the intrinsic value of a security: discounting cash-flows valuation (DCF and NPV) – valuation through adjusted net asset and liquidation value (NAV) – relative valuation through price and value multiples (valuation multiple analysis and precedent transactions analysis). Wholly owned subsidiaries versus and joint venture ones.Research methodologyAnalyze financial information of all segments in a multiple-business firm, and apply suitable financial models and approaches among net asset value model (NAV), discounted cash flow (DCF) or net present value (NPV) model, valuation multiple analysis and precedent transactions analysis to estimate the intrinsic value of the whole firm.Case overview/synopsisThis decision-based case allows students to explore the business valuation process for a public listed real estate company, Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. (NYSE: ALEX). Based on financial statements analysis and forward-looking financial expectation on ALEX, this case elevates students' understanding and practice of valuating this multiple-business firms by applying appropriate financial models and approaches among NAV, DCF or NPV, valuation multiple analysis and precedent transactions analysis and enable students to make their investment decisions of buying, holding or selling the company’s stocks.Complexity academic levelThis case is most appropriate for graduate courses such as corporate finance, investments, personal finance, real estate finance and financial markets and institutes.