bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superior Changes in Jump, Sprint, and Change-of-Direction Performance but Not Maximal Strength Following 6 Weeks of Velocity-Based Training Compared With 1-Repetition-Maximum Percentage-Based Training
Authors: Banyard Harry G. , Tufano James J. , Weakley Jonathon J.S. , Wu Sam , Jukic Ivan , Nosaka Kazunori 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To compare the effects of velocity-based training (VBT) and 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) percentage-based training (PBT) on changes in strength, loaded countermovement jump (CMJ), and sprint performance. Methods: A total of 24 resistance-trained males performed 6 weeks of full-depth free-weight back squats 3 times per week in a daily undulating format, with groups matched for sets and repetitions. The PBT group lifted with fixed relative loads varying from 59% to 85% of preintervention 1RM. The VBT group aimed for a sessional target velocity that was prescribed from pretraining individualized load–velocity profiles. Thus, real-time velocity feedback dictated the VBT set-by-set training load adjustments. Pretraining and posttraining assessments included the 1RM, peak velocity for CMJ at 30%1RM (PV-CMJ), 20-m sprint (including 5 and 10 m), and 505 change-of-direction test (COD). Results: The VBT group maintained faster (effect size [ES] = 1.25) training repetitions with less perceived difficulty (ES = 0.72) compared with the PBT group. The VBT group had likely to very likely improvements in the COD (ES = −1.20 to −1.27), 5-m sprint (ES = −1.17), 10-m sprint (ES = −0.93), 1RM (ES = 0.89), and PV-CMJ (ES = 0.79). The PBT group had almost certain improvements in the 1RM (ES = 1.41) and possibly beneficial improvements in the COD (ES = −0.86). Very likely favorable between-groups effects were observed for VBT compared to PBT in the PV-CMJ (ES = 1.81), 5-m sprint (ES = 1.35), and 20-m sprint (ES = 1.27); likely favorable between-groups effects were observed in the 10-m sprint (ES = 1.24) and nondominant-leg COD (ES = 0.96), whereas the dominant-leg COD (ES = 0.67) was possibly favorable. PBT had small (ES = 0.57), but unclear differences for 1RM improvement compared to VBT. Conclusions: Both training methods improved 1RM and COD times, but PBT may be slightly favorable for stronger individuals focusing on maximal strength, whereas VBT was more beneficial for PV-CMJ, sprint, and COD improvements.
Postexercise Hot-Water Immersion Does Not Further Enhance Heat Adaptation or Performance in Endurance Athletes Training in a Hot Environment
Authors: Stevens Christopher J. , Ross Megan L.R. , Carr Amelia J. , Vallance Brent , Best Russ , Urwin Charles , Périard Julien D. , Burke Louise 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Hot-water immersion (HWI) after training in temperate conditions has been shown to induce thermophysiological adaptations and improve endurance performance in the heat; however, the potential additive effects of HWI and training in hot outdoor conditions remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of repeated postexercise HWI in athletes training in a hot environment. Methods: A total of 13 (9 female) elite/preelite racewalkers completed a 15-day training program in outdoor heat (mean afternoon high temperature = 34.6°C). Athletes were divided into 2 matched groups that completed either HWI (40°C for 30–40 min) or seated rest in 21°C (CON), following 8 training sessions. Pre–post testing included a 30-minute fixed-intensity walk in heat, laboratory incremental walk to exhaustion, and 10,000-m outdoor time trial. Results: Training frequency and volume were similar between groups (P = .54). Core temperature was significantly higher during immersion in HWI (38.5 [0.3]) than CON (37.8°C [0.2°C]; P < .001). There were no differences between groups in resting or exercise rectal temperature or heart rate, skin temperature, sweat rate, or the speed at lactate threshold 2, maximal O2 uptake, or 10,000-m performance (P > .05). There were significant (P < .05) pre–post differences for both groups in submaximal exercising heart rate (∼11 beats·min−1), sweat rate (0.34–0.55 L·h−1) and thermal comfort (1.2–1.5 arbitrary units), and 10,000-m racewalking performance time (∼3 min). Conclusions: Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in markers of heat adaptation and performance; however, the addition of HWI did not provide further enhancements. Improvements in adaptation appeared to be maximized by the training program in hot conditions.
Effects of carbohydrate quality and amount on plasma lactate: results from the OmniCarb trial
Authors: Hu Jiun-Ruey , Wu Yingfei , Sacks Frank M , Appel Lawrence J , Miller III Edgar R , Young J Hunter , Juraschek Stephen P 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPlasma lactate is a marker of non-oxidative glucose metabolism associated with progression to diabetes. We examined the effect of carbohydrate quality (glycemic index (GI)) and amount (%kcal) on plasma lactate. We hypothesized that low GI (≤45 (g)) versus high (≥65 (G)) and low %kcal from carbohydrate (40% kcal (c)) versus high (58% kcal (C)) each would reduce lactate levels.Research design and methodsWe measured lactate in OmniCarb, a randomized, cross-over trial of four diets in overweight/obese adults without diabetes or cardiovascular disease (N=163). The four diets were high carbohydrate+high GI (CG, reference), high carbohydrate+low GI (Cg), low carbohydrate+high GI (cG), and low carbohydrate+low GI (cg). Participants (N=163) consumed each of the four diets over a 5-week period, separated by 2-week washout periods. Plasma lactate levels were measured at baseline, during which the participants consumed their own diets, and after each 5-week period.ResultsBaseline plasma lactate was 1.2 mmol/L. In the setting of high carbohydrate amount, reducing GI lowered plasma lactate non-significantly by 0.08 mmol/L (Cg vs CG: 95% CI −0.16 to 0.00; p=0.06). In the setting of high GI, reducing carbohydrate amount lowered plasma lactate by 0.10 mmol/L (cG vs CG: 95% CI −0.19 to −0.02; p=0.02). The combined effect of reducing GI and carbohydrate proportion in the diet (cg vs CG) was similar (cg vs CG: −0.08; 95% CI −0.16 to 0.00; p=0.04). All four diets reduced plasma lactate compared with baseline.ConclusionsCompared with a diet with high GI and high carbohydrate amount, diets with low GI and/or low carbohydrate amount reduced plasma lactate. Whether this change in lactate leads to long-term change in glucose metabolism needs to be examined.Trial registration numberNCT00608049.
Hashtags in healthcare: understanding Twitter hashtags and online engagement at the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma 2016–2019 meetings
Authors: Santarone Kristen , Boneva Dessy , McKenney Mark , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundSocial media amplifies the accessibility, reach and impact of medical education and conferences alike. The use of hashtags at medical conferences allows material to be discussed and improved on by the experts via online conversation on Twitter. We aim to investigate the utilization of hashtags at the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) meetings from 2016 to 2019 and its potential role in knowledge dissemination and meeting participations.MethodsSymplur Signals software was used to analyze hashtags for the AAST meetings by year: #AAST2016, #AAST2017, #AAST2018, #AAST2019.ResultsNumber of tweets decreased significantly from 2016 to 2019 (4500 to 4400 to 3600 to 2600, respectively, p<0.05). Retweets also decreased significantly from 2016 to 2019 (3600 to 3300 to 2600 to 1900, respectively, p<0.05). Users decreased from 2016 to 2019 (1600 to 1400 to 937 to 743, respectively, p<0.05). Despite this decrease, impressions were 5.8 million in 2016, increasing to 8.6 million in 2017, then 9.6 million in 2018 and finally peaking in 2019 where impressions reached 10 million (p<0.05). The top influencer for 2016–2019 was the AAST Twitter account.ConclusionTwitter #AAST 2016–2019 online engagement and interactions have declined during the last 4 years while impressions have grown steadily indicating potential widespread dissemination of trauma-related knowledge and evidence-based practices, and increased online utilization of conference material to trauma surgeons, residents and fellows, trauma scientists, other physicians and the lay public. #AAST online engagement and impressions did not have influence on meeting attendance rates.
Consistency of interchange outer connection ramps
Authors: Al-Masaeid Hashem R. , Magsi Tareq M. , Almasaeid Hatem H. 
Published: September 2020

Interchange ramps need a proper and consistent geometric design to avoid possible traffic accidents. The objective of this study is to develop guidelines for consistent design of outer connection ramps. As such, 47 ramps were selected from 18 different interchanges in Jordan. Free-flow speed measurements, for different vehicle classes, were taken along ramps and at predefined points. Also, traffic accidents, geometric variables, and traffic volumes were obtained. For circular ramps, the analysis indicated that the operating speed reduction is strongly affected by radius and deflection angle of the curve. The radius of the first curve had the greatest impact on speed reduction on curve–straight–curve ramps. For reverse-curve ramps, the ratio of the radii should be 6:4:9 to achieve a good consistent design for cars, provided that the radius of the first curve exceeds 110 m. Further analysis indicated that speed reduction, geometric variables, and traffic volume influenced the occurrence of accidents.
Phases of $$\hbox {QCD}_3$$ with three families of fundamental flavors
Authors: Khalil Abdullah , Tatar Radu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe explore the phase diagram for an SU(N) gauge theory in $$2 + 1$$

2
+
1

dimensions with three families of fermions with different masses, all in the fundamental representation. The phase diagram is three dimensional and contains cuboid, planar and linear quantum regions, depending on the values of the fermionic masses. Among other checks, we consider the consistency with boson/fermion dualities and verify the reduction of the phase diagram to the one and two-family diagrams.
Inflation from f(R) theories in gravity’s rainbow
Authors: Waeming Areef , Channuie Phongpichit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we study the f(R) models of inflation in the context of gravity’s rainbow theory. We choose three types of f(R) models: $$f(R)=R+\alpha (R/M)^{n},\,f(R)=R+\alpha R^{2}+\beta R^{2}\log (R/M^{2})$$

f

(
R
)

=
R
+
α

(
R
/
M
)

n

,

f

(
R
)

=
R
+
α

R
2

+
β

R
2

log

(
R
/

M
2

)

and the Einstein–Hu–Sawicki model with $$n,\,\alpha ,\,\beta $$

n
,

α
,

β

being arbitrary real constants. Here R and M are the Ricci scalar and mass scale, respectively. For all models, the rainbow function is written in the power-law form of the Hubble parameter. We present a detailed derivation of the spectral index of curvature perturbation and the tensor-to-scalar ratio and compare the predictions of our results with the latest Planck 2018 data. With the sizeable number of e-foldings and proper choices of parameters, we discover that the predictions of all f(R) models present in this work are in excellent agreement with the Planck analysis.
Multicritical points of unitary matrix model with logarithmic potential identified with Argyres–Douglas points
Authors: Itoyama H. , Oota T. , Yano Katsuya 
Published: September 2020

In our recent publications, the partition function of the Gross–Witten–Wadia unitary matrix model with the logarithmic term has been identified with the [Formula: see text] function of a certain Painlevé system, and the double scaling limit of the associated discrete Painlevé equation to the critical point provides us with the Painlevé II equation. This limit captures the critical behavior of the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] supersymmetric gauge theory around its Argyres–Douglas 4D superconformal point. Here, we consider further extension of the model that contains the [Formula: see text]th multicritical point and that is to be identified with [Formula: see text] theory. In the [Formula: see text] case, we derive a system of two ODEs for the scaling functions to the free energy, the time variable being the scaled total mass and make a consistency check on the spectral curve on this matrix model.
IL2RA Promotes Aggressiveness and Stem Cell–Related Properties of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Nguyen Chi Huu , Schlerka Angela , Grandits Alexander M. , Koller Elisabeth , van der Kouwe Emiel , Vassiliou George S. , Staber Philipp B. , Heller Gerwin , Wieser Rotraud 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Overexpression of IL2RA, which encodes the alpha chain of the IL2 receptor, is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical potential of anti-IL2RA therapy is, therefore, being explored in early-stage clinical trials. Notwithstanding, only very limited information regarding the biological function of IL2RA in AML is available. Using genetic manipulation of IL2RA expression as well as antibody-mediated inhibition of IL2RA in human cell lines, mouse models, and primary patient samples, we investigated the effects of IL2RA on AML cell proliferation and apoptosis, and on pertinent signaling pathways. The impact of IL2RA on the properties of leukemic stem cells (LSC) and on leukemogenesis were queried. IL2RA promoted proliferation and cell-cycle activity and inhibited apoptosis in human AML cell lines and primary cells. These phenotypes were accompanied by corresponding alterations in cell-cycle machinery and in pathways associated with cell survival and apoptosis. The biological roles of IL2RA were confirmed in two genetically distinct AML mouse models, revealing that IL2RA inhibits differentiation, promotes stem cell–related properties, and is required for leukemogenesis. IL2RA antibodies inhibited leukemic, but not normal, hematopoietic cells and synergized with other antileukemic agents in this regard. Collectively, these data show for the first time that IL2RA plays key biological roles in AML and underscore its value as a potential therapeutic target in this disease.

Significance:
This study identifies IL2RA as a potential therapeutic target in AML, where it is shown to regulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stem cell–related properties, and leukemogenesis.
Targeted Natural Killer Cell–Based Adoptive Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Patients with NSCLC after Radiochemotherapy: A Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Multhoff Gabriele , Seier Sophie , Stangl Stefan , Sievert Wolfgang , Shevtsov Maxim , Werner Caroline , Pockley A. Graham , Blankenstein Christiane , Hildebrandt Martin , Offner Robert , Ahrens Norbert , Kokowski Konrad , Hautmann Matthias , Rödel Claus , Fietkau Rainer , Lubgan Dorota , Huber Rudolf , Hautmann Hubert , Duell Thomas , Molls Michael , Specht Hanno , Haller Bernhard , Devecka Michal , Sauter Andreas , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a fatal disease with poor prognosis. A membrane-bound form of Hsp70 (mHsp70) which is selectively expressed on high-risk tumors serves as a target for mHsp70-targeting natural killer (NK) cells. Patients with advanced mHsp70-positive NSCLC may therefore benefit from a therapeutic intervention involving mHsp70-targeting NK cells. The randomized phase II clinical trial (EudraCT2008-002130-30) explores tolerability and efficacy of ex vivo–activated NK cells in patients with NSCLC after radiochemotherapy (RCT).

Patients and Methods:
Patients with unresectable, mHsp70-positive NSCLC (stage IIIa/b) received 4 cycles of autologous NK cells activated ex vivo with TKD/IL2 [interventional arm (INT)] after RCT (60–70 Gy, platinum-based chemotherapy) or RCT alone [control arm (CTRL)]. The primary objective was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary objectives were the assessment of quality of life (QoL, QLQ-LC13), toxicity, and immunobiological responses.

Results:
The NK-cell therapy after RCT was well tolerated, and no differences in QoL parameters between the two study arms were detected. Estimated 1-year probabilities for PFS were 67% [95% confidence interval (CI), 19%–90%] for the INT arm and 33% (95% CI, 5%–68%) for the CTRL arm (P = 0.36, 1-sided log-rank test). Clinical responses in the INT group were associated with an increase in the prevalence of activated NK cells in their peripheral blood.

Conclusions:
Ex vivo TKD/IL2-activated, autologous NK cells are well tolerated and deliver positive clinical responses in patients with advanced NSCLC after RCT.
CXCR3 and Cognate Ligands are Associated with Immune Cell Alteration and Aggressiveness of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cannon Andrew , Thompson Christopher M. , Maurer H. Carlo , Atri Pranita , Bhatia Rakesh , West Sean , Ghersi Dario , Olive Kenneth P. , Kumar Sushil , Batra Surinder K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
The cytokine milieu in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) promotes tumor progression and immune suppression, contributing to the dismal prognosis of patients with PDAC. The roles of many of these cytokines, however, have not been thoroughly investigated in PDAC.

Experimental Design:
PDAC microarray and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets were analyzed to identify cytokines and cognate receptors overexpressed in PDAC and associated with survival. Pathway and CIBERSORT analyses were used to elucidate potential mechanisms of altered patient survival. Comparative analysis of cytokine expression in KPC (K-rasG12D; TP53R172H; Pdx-1cre) and KC (K-rasG12D; Pdx-1cre) PDAC models and multicolor immunofluorescence (IF) staining of human PDAC–resected samples were used to validate these findings.

Results:
CXCL9 and CXCL10 were among the most highly overexpressed cytokines by bioinformatics analyses, while their receptor, CXCR3, was significantly overexpressed by IHC analysis. Higher CXCR3 ligand expression was associated with shorter overall survival, while high CXCR3 expression was associated with better survival. The CXCR3 ligands, CXCL4, 9, and 10, were overexpressed in KPC compared with KC mice. Pathway analysis of CXCR3- and CXCR3 ligand–associated genes showed that CXCR3 is a marker of antitumor immunity, while its ligands may promote immunosuppression. CIBERSORT and IF studies of PDAC tissues demonstrated that high CXCR3 expression was associated with increased CD8+ T-cell and naïve B-cell signatures and loss of plasma cell signatures. CXCR3 ligand expression was associated with increased CD8+ T-cell signatures and loss of natural killer–cell signatures.

Conclusions:
CXCR3 ligands are overexpressed in PDAC and are associated with poor survival likely related to alterations in tumor immune infiltrate/activity.
Abstract IA28: Disparities in cardiovascular disease incidence in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Shi Zaixing , Greenlee Heather , Neugebauer Romain S. , Iribarren Carlos , Nguyen-huynh Mai N. , Rana Jamal S. , Hershman Dawn L. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Kwan Marilyn L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Many breast cancer therapies have adverse effects on the cardiovascular health of patients. Breast cancer patients who are members of racial/ethnic minority and disadvantaged socioeconomic groups suffer disproportionately from cardiotoxicity during and after cancer treatment, leading to disparities in overall survival. These disparities may exist, in part, because of inequality in the management of pre-existing cardiovascular diseases and its risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes. Shared lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases, including obesity, poorer diet, and lack of physical activity may contribute to disparate outcomes in cardiotoxicity. In addition, patients of racial/ethnic minority and disadvantaged socioeconomic groups may have limited access to cardio-oncology care due to lack of insurance coverage and longer geographic distance from their health care provider. Patients living in disadvantaged neighborhoods may lack healthy food options and exercise facilities, thus are unable to follow a heathier lifestyle. We present evidence from prior studies on these potential mechanisms of disparities in cardiotoxicity and accompanying gaps in research. Finally, we introduce our ongoing Pathways Heart Study (R01 CA21 4057, mPI: Kwan, Greenlee), a large population-based study of nearly 15,000 breast cancer survivors and 75,000 noncancer controls who are members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, which is an extension of the Pathways Study of 4,505 breast cancer survivors (U01 CA19 5565, mPI: Kushi, Ambrosone). Our study provides a unique opportunity to better understand the individual and health care system level contributors to risk of cardiotoxic outcomes.
Citation Format: Zaixing Shi, Heather Greenlee, Romain S. Neugebauer, Carlos Iribarren, Mai N. Nguyen-huynh, Jamal S. Rana, Dawn L. Hershman, Lawrence H. Kushi, Marilyn L. Kwan. Disparities in cardiovascular disease incidence in breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA28.
Abstract A08: Loss of noncanonical Hippo signaling in fusion-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma increases invasiveness and a dedifferentiated phenotype associated with metastasis
Authors: Oristian Kristianne M. , Crose Lisa E.S. , Kuprasertkul Napasorn , Bentley Rex C. , Lin Yi-Tzu , Williams Nerissa , Kirsch David G. , Linardic Corinne M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A hallmark of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is the presence of a chromosomal translocation encoding the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene (FP-ARMS). Patients presenting with FP-ARMS represent the subset of rhabdomyosarcoma patients with the worst prognosis, and when metastatic, survival for these children and adolescents is less than 10%. Nevertheless, standard of care has not changed in the clinic in decades due to a lack of novel effective therapeutics, and as a result, efforts are ongoing to develop better models of this disease in vivo and identify new and more predictive biomarkers. Recently, our group identified a role for Hippo/MST signaling in a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of FP-ARMS that demonstrates Stk3F/F;Stk4F/F; Pax3PF/PF;Cdkn2aF/F;Myf6ICN/+ ARMS tumor-derived cells are less differentiated and more invasive in vitro as compared to Pax3PF/PF;Cdkn2aF/F; Myf6ICN/+ counterparts. Preliminary in vivo studies show that FP-ARMS GEMM tumor-derived cells form secondary metastases in both the lungs and livers of recipient animals, suggesting a new utility of the model for studies of metastatic potential. Studies of bone marrow metastasis, a lethal disease progression in PF-ARMS patients, are ongoing. Further, canonical signaling down the kinase cascade from MST1/2 to YAP1 is largely unchanged in this model, implicating instead noncanonical Hippo signaling and a potential role for MOB1, a Hippo pathway modulator implicated in mitotic exit and expressed highly in the bone marrow niche. Together, these data present an opportunity to interrogate the biology driving the predisposition of PF-RMS patients to develop metastases, and a foundation to identify novel preclinical targets.
Citation Format: Kristianne M. Oristian, Lisa E.S. Crose, Napasorn Kuprasertkul, Rex C. Bentley, Yi-Tzu Lin, Nerissa Williams, David G. Kirsch, Corinne M. Linardic. Loss of noncanonical Hippo signaling in fusion-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma increases invasiveness and a dedifferentiated phenotype associated with metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A08.