bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma phosphorylated tau181 and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hansson Oskar , Cullen Nicholas , Zetterberg Henrik ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Blennow Kaj , Mattsson‐Carlgren Niklas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examined if plasma phosphorylated tau is associated with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated 372 cognitively unimpaired participants, 554 mild cognitive impairment patients, and 141 Alzheimer’s disease dementia patients. Tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, regional cortical thickness (using magnetic resonance imaging) and hypometabolism (using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) were measured longitudinally. High plasma tau was associated with hypometabolism and cortical atrophy at baseline and over time, and longitudinally increased tau was associated with accelerated atrophy, but these associations were only observed in Aβ‐positive participants. Plasma phosphorylated tau may identify and track processes linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.
Epilepsy risk in offspring of affected parents; a cohort study of the “maternal effect” in epilepsy
Authors: Dreier Julie W. , Ellis Colin A. , Berkovic Samuel F. , Cotsapas Chris , Ottman Ruth , Christensen Jakob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether the risk of epilepsy is higher in offspring of mothers with epilepsy than in offspring of fathers with epilepsy.MethodsIn a prospective population‐based register study, we considered all singletons born in Denmark between 1981 and 2016 (N = 1,754,742). From the Danish National Patient Register since 1977, we identified epilepsy diagnoses in all study participants and their family members. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for relevant confounders.ResultsWe included 1,754,742 individuals contributing > 30 million person‐years of follow‐up. The incidence rate of epilepsy in offspring of unaffected parents was 78.8 (95% CI: 77.8–79.8) per 100,000 person‐years, while the corresponding rate in offspring with an affected father was 172 per 100,000 person‐years (95% CI: 156–187) and in offspring with an affected mother was 260 per 100,000 person‐years (95% CI: 243–277). Having an affected mother was associated with a 1.45‐fold (95% CI: 1.30–1.63) higher risk of epilepsy in the offspring, compared to having an affected father. This maternal effect was found both in male (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19–1.62) and female offspring (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.30–1.80), and across various ages at onset in the offspring. The maternal effect was also found in familial epilepsies (i.e. where the affected parent had an affected sibling; HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.04−2.16).InterpretationWe found a clear maternal effect on offspring risk of epilepsy in this nationwide cohort study.
Irrational beliefs differentially predict adherence to guidelines and pseudoscientific practices during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Teovanović Predrag , Lukić Petar , Zupan Zorana , Lazić Aleksandra , Ninković Milica , Žeželj Iris 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn the coronavirus “infodemic,” people are exposed to official recommendations but also to potentially dangerous pseudoscientific advice claimed to protect against COVID‐19. We examined whether irrational beliefs predict adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines as well as susceptibility to such misinformation. Irrational beliefs were indexed by belief in COVID‐19 conspiracy theories, COVID‐19 knowledge overestimation, type I error cognitive biases, and cognitive intuition. Participants (N = 407) reported (1) how often they followed guidelines (e.g., handwashing, physical distancing), (2) how often they engaged in pseudoscientific practices (e.g., consuming garlic, colloidal silver), and (3) their intention to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine. Conspiratorial beliefs predicted all three outcomes in line with our expectations. Cognitive intuition and knowledge overestimation predicted lesser adherence to guidelines, while cognitive biases predicted greater adherence, but also greater use of pseudoscientific practices. Our results suggest an important relation between irrational beliefs and health behaviors, with conspiracy theories being the most detrimental.
Strategies of desiccation tolerance vary across life phases in the moss Syntrichia caninervis
Authors: Coe Kirsten K. , Greenwood Joshua L. , Slate Mandy L. , Clark Theresa A. , Brinda John C. , Fisher Kirsten M. , Mishler Brent D. , Bowker Matthew A. , Oliver Melvin J. , Ebrahimi Sotodeh , Stark Lloyd R. 
Published: November 2020

PREMISEDesiccation tolerance (DT) is a widespread phenomenon among land plants, and variable ecological strategies for DT are likely to exist. Using Syntrichia caninervis, a dryland moss and model system used in DT studies, we hypothesized that DT is lowest in juvenile (protonemal) tissues, highest in asexual reproductive propagules (gemmae), and intermediate in adults (shoots). We tested the long‐standing hypothesis of an inherent constitutive strategy of DT in this species.METHODSPlants were rapidly dried to levels of equilibrating relative humidity (RHeq) ranging from 0 to 93%. Postrehydration recovery was assessed using chlorophyll fluorescence, regeneration rates, and visual tissue damage. For each life phase, we estimated the minimum rate of drying (RoDmin) at RHeq = 42% that did not elicit damage 24 h postrehydration.RESULTSDT strategy varied with life phase, with adult shoots having the lowest RoDmin (10‒25 min), followed by gemmae (3‒10 h) and protonema (14‒20 h). Adult shoots exhibited no detectable damage 24 h postrehydration following a rapid‐dry only at the highest RHeq used (93%), but when dried to lower RHs the response declined to <50% of control fluorescence values. Notably, immediately following rehydration (0 h postrehydration), shoots were damaged below control levels of fluorescence regardless of the RHeq, thus implicating damage.CONCLUSIONSLife phases of the moss S. caninervis had a range of strategies from near constitutive (adult shoots) to demonstrably inducible (protonema). A new response variable for assessing degree of DT is introduced as the minimum rate of drying from which full recovery occurs.
Inferior meatus augmentation procedure (IMAP) normalizes nasal airflow patterns in empty nose syndrome patients via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling
Authors: Malik Jennifer , Dholakia Sachi , Spector Barak M. , Yang Angela , Kim Dayoung , Borchard Nicole A. , Thamboo Andrew , Zhao Kai , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) is a controversial upper airway disorder most commonly associated with tissue loss from the inferior turbinates. The inferior meatus augmentation procedure (IMAP) has been shown to effectively reduce ENS symptoms in a durable manner, but the precise mechanisms that may govern this symptomatic improvement remain unknown.MethodsFive patients with ENS who underwent bilateral IMAP via submucosal costal cartilage implant were assessed. Pre‐implant and 6 months post‐implant computed tomography (CT) imaging for each ENS patient was analyzed in a blinded fashion using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to investigate intrapatient changes in airflow parameters.ResultsFollowing surgery, ENS patients have significantly improved symptoms as indexed by Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) scoring (pre‐implant: 14.00 ± 4.06 [mean ± standard deviation]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.44 to 17.56; post‐implant: 4.8 ± 2.77; 95% CI, 2.37 to 7.23; Cohen's d = 2.64; p = 0.02). Using CFD, a significant shift in nasal airflow patterns was observed, where airflow deviates away from the middle meatus upon hitting the implant (pre‐implant: 67.13% ± 11.14%; 95% CI, 60.22% to 74.04%; post‐implant: 46.18% ± 12.81%; 95% CI, 38.23% to 54.12%; d = 1.74; p < 0.05) toward the inferior meatus (pre‐implant: 30.55% ± 11.29%; 95% CI, 23.55% to 37.55%; post‐implant: 42.59% ± 9.60%; 95% CI, 36.63 to 48.54%; d = 1.14; p < 0.05). No significant changes were found in nasal resistance (pre‐implant: 0.102 ± 0.015; 95% CI, 0.092 to 0.112 Pa*s/mL; post‐implant: 0.105 ± 0.041; 95% CI, 0.081 to 0.130 Pa*s/mL). In addition, the improvement of ENS6Q scoring significantly correlated with percent reduction in aberrant airflow through the middle meatus (R2 = 0.60, p = 0.04).ConclusionThis study supports our prior working hypothesis that disordered vectors of nasal airflow congregate in the middle meatus contribute to ENS symptoms, not nasal resistance. Moreover, these data illuminate a paradoxical, but consistent, restoration of nasal airflow to the inferior meatus following the replacement of turbinate tissue volume in the inferior meatus via IMAP surgery, potentially due to the Coandă effect.
Preoperative physical functional status affects the long‐term outcomes of elderly patients with open abdomen
Authors: Okada Ichiro , Hifumi Toru , Kiriu Nobuaki , Yoneyama Hisashi , Inoue Kazushige , Seki Satoshi , Hasegawa Eiju , Kato Hiroshi , Masuno Tomohiko , Yokobori Shoji 
Published: November 2020

AimThe mortality rates among elderly patients with open abdomen (OA) are high, and pre‐existing comorbidities could affect the outcomes. However, long‐term prognosis remains uncertain. We examined long‐term outcomes in elderly patients with OA, focusing on physical functional status.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study between 2007 and 2017 at a single institution. Patients with OA who were aged ≥65 years were categorized into two groups: “good preoperative functional status” group (GFG) and “poor preoperative functional status” group (PFG). The GFG was defined as Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group/World Health Organization performance status (PS) 0–1, whereas PFG was defined as PS 2–4. The primary outcomes were survival and PS 2 years following the initial surgery.ResultsOf the 53 participants, 38 and 15 were assigned to the GFG and PFG, respectively. The PFG (median age, 81 years) was older than the GFG (median age, 75.5 years; P = 0.040). The 2‐year survival rate was 39.5% in GFG and 6.7% in PFG, and Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significant difference (P = 0.022). Among all patients, the PS at 2 years was worse than that at discharge (P = 0.007). Preoperative PS was correlated with 2‐year survival (P = 0.003), whereas age and pre‐existing comorbidities were not.ConclusionThe long‐term outcomes of elderly patients with OA are affected by the preoperative physical functional status. Functional status deteriorates in a time‐dependent manner. Therefore, surgery requiring OA must be carefully considered for elderly patients with PS 2 or higher.
Patient outcomes of school‐age, out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in Japan: A nationwide study of schoolchildren as witnesses
Authors: Kurosaki Hisanori , Takada Kohei , Yamashita Akira , Tanaka Yoshio , Inaba Hideo 
Published: November 2020

AimUsing the data from the All‐Japan Utstein Registry, this study evaluates the neurologically favourable patient outcomes and associated factors of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with Japanese schoolchildren as witnesses.MethodsWe analysed 1,068 school‐age children (6–18 years old) who underwent OHCA from 2011 to 2016. Among the 1,068 cases, 179 were witnessed by schoolchildren and 889 were witnessed by other bystanders. Propensity score‐matched and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the outcomes and associated factors.ResultsThe crude neurologically favourable outcome in the schoolchildren‐witnessed group was considerably higher than that in the other‐bystander‐witnessed group (19.6% versus 12.3%; P < 0.010). However, the difference was not significant in the propensity score‐matched analysis (19.6% versus 21.8%; P = 0.602). The multivariable logistic regression analyses of school‐age OHCA with schoolchildren as witnesses demonstrated that bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) provision (odds ratio [OR] 4.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–11.75), shockable initial rhythm (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.43–8.04), and defibrillation (OR 4.58, 95% CI 1.65–12.71) provided by any bystander were positively associated with favourable outcomes. By contrast, dispatcher‐assisted CPR provision (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.11–0.70), exogenous cause (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03–0.86), adrenaline administration (0.25; 95% CI 0.07–0.92), and prolonged response time (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.75–0.98) were negatively associated with favourable outcomes.ConclusionsPatient outcomes did not differ significantly between schoolchildren‐ and other‐bystander‐witnessed cases of school‐age OHCA. Although schoolchildren as witnesses might not be inferior to other bystanders in school‐age OHCA, further studies are needed to examine the effect of bystander CPR by schoolchildren and basic life support education in schools.
Characteristics and outcome of patients triaged by telephone and transported by ambulance: a population‐based study in Osaka, Japan
Authors: Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Hirose Tomoya , Kiyohara Kosuke , Ishida Kenichiro , Tachino Jotaro , Nakao Shunichiro , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Umemura Yutaka , Noda Tomohiro , Tai Shusuke , Tsujino Junya , Masui Jun , Mizobata Yasumitsu , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: November 2020

AimDetails such as diagnosis and outcome of patients transported by ambulance after telephone triage have not been fully revealed. The aim of this study was to reveal profile and outcome about patients transported by ambulance via telephone triage with dataset of telephone triage and population‐based registry for emergency patients.MethodsThis retrospective descriptive study with a one‐year study period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 included patients selected from the telephone triage dataset who were transported by ambulance. Key parameters such as age, sex and date and time of ambulance dispatch were used to identify patient data from the ORION registry. We assessed the profile and outcome of the patients in a descriptive epidemiological analysis.ResultsWe included 4,293 patients in the selected datasets whose data were merged, of whom 2,998 patients (69.8%) returned home from the emergency department, 1,255 (29.2%) were hospitalized, 32 (0.7%) were transferred to other hospitals, and 8 (0.2%) died. The most common diagnosis in the emergency departments was “infectious gastroenteritis and colitis, unspecified [A09] (219, 5.1%)”. Among the 1,255 hospitalized patients, 905 patients (72.1%) were discharged home, 254 patients (20.2%) remained hospitalized, 52 patients (4.1%) were transferred to other hospitals, 38 patients (3.0%) died, and 5 patients (0.5%) had missing data. The most common diagnosis was “cerebral infarction [I63.0‐I63.9] (138, 11.0%)”.ConclusionThis study revealed the profile and outcome of patients transported by ambulance after telephone triage.
Application of remote sensing technology to estimate productivity and assess phylogenetic heritability
Authors: Scher C. Lane , Karimi Nisa , Glasenhardt Mary‐Claire , Tuffin Ashley , Cannon Charles H. , Scharenbroch Bryant C. , Hipp Andrew L. 
Published: November 2020

PREMISEMeasuring plant productivity is critical to understanding complex community interactions. Many traditional methods for estimating productivity, such as direct measurements of biomass and cover, are resource intensive, and remote sensing techniques are emerging as viable alternatives.METHODSWe explore drone‐based remote sensing tools to estimate productivity in a tallgrass prairie restoration experiment and evaluate their ability to predict direct measures of productivity. We apply these various productivity measures to trace the evolution of plant productivity and the traits underlying it.RESULTSThe correlation between remote sensing data and direct measurements of productivity varies depending on vegetation diversity, but the volume of vegetation estimated from drone‐based photogrammetry is among the best predictors of biomass and cover regardless of community composition. The commonly used normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is a less accurate predictor of biomass and cover than other equally accessible vegetation indices. We found that the traits most strongly correlated with productivity have lower phylogenetic signal, reflecting the fact that high productivity is convergent across the phylogeny of prairie species. This history of trait convergence connects phylogenetic diversity to plant community assembly and succession.DISCUSSIONOur study demonstrates (1) the importance of considering phylogenetic diversity when setting management goals in a threatened North American grassland ecosystem and (2) the utility of remote sensing as a complement to ground measurements of grassland productivity for both applied and fundamental questions.
A mind stretched: The psychology of repeat consumption
Authors: O'Brien Ed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRepeat consumption refers to re‐experiencing an enjoyable stimulus in order to enjoy it again. We rewatch the same shows, reread the same stories, and revisit the same cities; we play our favorite songs on loop and stick to our secret spots in town. When and why do people engage in repeat consumption, and what actually happens in our psychological experience (e.g., attention, enjoyment) upon doing so? This article reviews burgeoning research shedding light on these questions. First, I establish repeat consumption as a distinct construct. Second, I highlight an emerging perspective: Repeat consumption is not so repetitive after all. Not only does repetition reveal new things within the stimulus—dubbedstimulus‐level novelty(e.g., upon rewatching a movie, we notice missed details and new connections)—but we also learn new things about ourselves in the process—dubbedself‐level novelty(e.g., “I must really be committed!”). This model qualifies traditionally grim understandings of hedonic adaptation and exposure effects; people derive greater utility from the old and familiar than assumed. Third, I highlight future research directions, including the need for a clearer taxonomy of repeat value and implications for maximizing utility. Exciting discoveries lie ahead if we return to where we have already been.
The impact of age on prostate cancer progression and quality of life in active surveillance patients
Authors: Merrick Gregory S. , Rohmann Gabe , Galbreath Robert , Scholl Whitney , Fiano Ryan , Bennett Abbey , Butler Wayne M. , Adamovich Edward 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of age on overall survival (OS), freedom from distant metastasis (FDM), rates of therapeutic intervention (TI), and quality of life (QOL) in active surveillance (AS) prostate cancer patients.Materials and methodsThree hundred and five consecutive, prospectively evaluated AS patients who underwent a staging transperineal template‐guided mapping biopsy (TTMB) prior to enrollment on AS were evaluated and stratified by age. Evaluated outcomes included OS, FDM, TI, and QOL to include urinary, bowel, sexual function, and depression. Post void residual (PVR) urine measurements were also followed. Repeat biopsy was based on PSA kinetics, abnormal digital rectal examination or patient preference.ResultsOf the 305 patients, 290 (95.1%) were Gleason 3 + 3 and 15 patients (4.9%) were Gleason 3 + 4. The median follow‐up was 5.5 years (range 1‐14 years). At 10 years, TI was 0%, 1.0%, and 11.4% for patients ≤59, 60‐69, and ≥70 years of age (P < .001). No patient has developed distant metastasis. The median time to TI was 4.71 years. No statistical differences in urinary function, bowel function, or depression were noted. Potency preservation was dependent on patient age.ConclusionWithin the confines of the follow‐up of our series, younger patients were less likely to proceed to therapeutic intervention. In addition, patient age did not adversely impact QOL outcomes.
Biohydrogen production from microalgae—Major bottlenecks and future research perspectives
Authors: Nagarajan Dillirani , Dong Cheng‐Di , Chen Chun‐Yen , Lee Duu‐Jong , Chang Jo‐Shu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe imprudent use of fossil fuels has resulted in high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, leading to climate change and global warming. Reduction in GHG emissions and energy insecurity imposed by the depleting fossil fuel reserves led to the search for alternative sustainable fuels. Hydrogen is a potential alternative energy carrier and is of particular interest because hydrogen combustion releases only water. Hydrogen is also an important industrial feedstock. As an alternative energy carrier, hydrogen can be used in fuel cells for power generation. Current hydrogen production mainly relies on fossil fuels and is usually energy and CO2‐emission intensive, thus the use of fossil fuel‐derived hydrogen as a carbon‐free fuel source is fallacious. Biohydrogen production can be achieved via microbial methods, and the use of microalgae for hydrogen production is outstanding due to the carbon mitigating effects and the utilization of solar energy as an energy source by microalgae. This review provides comprehensive information on the mechanisms of hydrogen production by microalgae and the enzymes involved. The major challenges in the commercialization of microalgae‐based photobiological hydrogen production are critically analyzed and future research perspectives are discussed. Life cycle analysis and economic assessment of hydrogen production by microalgae are also presented.
Alpha‐thalassemia. Case report alpha‐thalassemia in a Costa Rican family, A case report
Authors: Solano‐Vargas Mariela , Chui David H. K. , Rodriguez‐Romero Walter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis case report highlights the importance for health care providers to be aware of the αlpha‐thalassemia syndromes, their relevance to clinical care and family counseling, appropriate diagnostic algorithm for definitive diagnosis.
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis in pediatrics with trisomy 21
Authors: Taee Nadereh , Faraji‐Goodarzi Mojgan , Safdari Mohammad , Bajelan Amir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTransient abnormal myelopoiesis is common among Down syndrome patients. Although no therapeutic measures are required, close monitoring of comorbidities such as gastrointestinal bleeding is required. Long‐term follow‐up is promising for a healthy future and reduced requirement of unnecessary therapeutic measures including chemotherapy and remission of the pathology.
Time for rethinking the different β‐actin transgenic mouse models?
Authors: Vanslembrouck Bieke , Ampe Christophe , van Hengel Jolanda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe actin family is crucial for many cellular processes and in mammals muscle and non‐muscle forms exist. The latter group contains cytoplasmic‐β‐actin and cytoplasmic‐γ‐actin, almost identical in amino acid sequence and with a significant functional overlap. We introduce the properties of the Actb gene and mRNA transcript(s) with main focus on the 3′UTR and its unique features, that is, the zipcode and two polyadenylation sites creating transcripts of different lengths. Several transgenic mouse models with a modified Actb locus have been created. The different mouse models can be divided into three groups; that is, 5′ or 3′ insertion models, mouse models with loxP sequences around exon 2–3 resulting in deletion the start codon, and models with gene edited Actb sequences that produces γ‐actin protein instead of β‐actin. Whole body knockouts and, with one exception, insertion models lead to embryonic lethality indicating that the Actb gene or transcripts or translated β‐actin are essential. Tissue specific ablation at later developmental stages lead to no, or mild phenotypes, suggesting that the Actb gene or β‐actin protein is somewhat dispensable. Gene edited Actb mice that produce γ‐actin are viable. This assumes that the nucleotide sequence of Actb is important and not the specific amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes. Upregulation of other actin paralogs was frequently observed upon β‐actin ablation and can also engage in the phenotype. For a better understanding, it will be necessary to analyze in current and future models all relevant actin transcripts and protein levels in a standardized and comprehensive way.