bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric study of jugular foramen in Tamil Nadu region
Authors: Vijisha P , Bilodi Arun Kumar ,   Lokeshmaran
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aims: Jugular foramen is an important foramen transmiting a number of structures at the base of the skull. Various tumours and infiltrating inflammatory processes are associated with this foramen. Hence, present study was taken up to study morphometry of the jugular foramen in human skulls in Tamil Nadu region. Material and methods: A total number of 60 jugular foramina were examined from 30 adult dry skulls of unknown age and sex. Measurements were taken using Vernier Calipers. Results were analysed statistically. Results: The length, width and area of jugular foramen of right side were compared with left side. Predominance of one of the two foramina was found in 86.6% (26): Predominance on right was 76.6% (23) and on left was 10% (3).The presence of partial septum was found around 73.3% on right side and 80% on left side respectively. Dome was present only 26.6% on right side and 3.33% on left side but in 70% of skulls it was present bilaterally. Conclusion: The morphometric variations in the skulls of Tamil Nadu region are probably ethnic and racial. The metric information is of use to the neurosurgeons dealing with the region.
Arch Length and Palatal Rugae: An Adjunct in Gender Discrimination
Authors: Mittal Sanjay , Vyas Pooja , Bhullar Mandeep , Singla Divya , Aggarwal Isha , Hassan Rameez 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Palatal rugae or plica palatine are the finger prints of the oral cavity and the arch length varies between males and females. These two parameters constitute an integral part of the anthropometric studies in the realms of dentistry as well as forensic odontology. The aim of this study was to assess whether any relationship existed between the upper arch length and the rugae pattern and whether these two parameters showed any gender differentiation.
Materials and Methods The sample consisted of upper and lower study models of 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females). Arch lengths were measured using a brass wire and rugae were traced on the dental casts and assessed by applying the Thomas and Kotze classification (1983). The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis.
Results The results showed that the maxillary and mandibular arch length dimensions were higher in males than in females; however, the differences were found to be statistically insignificant. The assessment of rugae pattern showed that the male subjects had a higher number of rugae. The differences in rugae pattern distribution for male and female subjects were found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion The palatal rugae pattern and maxillary arch length can be used as an additional method in differentiating gender between human population groups.
Febrile Seizure Plus and PCDH19-Related Epilepsy Syndromes
Authors: Ali Irfan , Clarke Dave F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEpilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. Practically, a patient has epilepsy if having two unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart, one unprovoked seizure and significant risk of another seizure, or epilepsy syndrome. Seizures induced by fever do not therefore fit this classification. An initial febrile seizure may therefore cause a false sense of security in children who evolve to febrile seizure plus syndromes. Sodium channel defects seem to predominate as the main causative factor for febrile seizure plus syndromes. More severe pathological variants, such as Dravet's syndrome, have phenotypic similarities to other fever-associated epileptic encephalopathies, including those caused by mutations in protocadherin 19 (PCDH19). The clinical presentations, investigational studies, and management of febrile seizure plus syndrome, as well as epilepsies associated with PCDH19 mutations will be reviewed.
Bifid Rib in a male cadaver : Serendipic or Syndromic
Authors: Tirpude Amit Purushottam , Gaikwad Manisha R , Tirpude Pradhnya , Haldar Arpan , Jain Mantu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBifid rib presents usually as an isolated and asymptomatic finding on x-rays and cadaveric dissections. This may be due to atypical process of segmentation of developing somites. Sometimes it may occur with other malformations. Aim of the case report presented here was to give a description of the characteristics ofbifidrib and to look for any associated abnormalities. During routine dissection, bifid rib was found in thoraco-abdominal region of a male cadaver. The dimensions of the bifid rib were measured with digital vernier calliper of resolution 0.01mm and photographed using a digital camera. Survey of other regions of the cadaver was done by dissection. Bifurcation of anterior part of right third rib enclosing an additional intercostal space was found. Follow-up dissection in other regions of the cadaver revealed characteristics of Crohn's disease of jejunum, ileum, and transverse colon and signs of dysmorphism of both the kidneys. The knowledge of such variations will be of use to the clinicians, radiologist and anatomist to investigate any incidental bifid rib finding.
Anatomy models using Silicone Moulds - An innovative meth
Authors: A. Marítn Lucas , Ramos Amith , Quadras Roshan Pranup 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Neuroanatomy specimens like cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, etc. when taken out of preservation solution dries up and becomes discoloured within a short span of time. These specimens are easily damaged when used repeatedly and become unfit for teaching. The models of these specimen made with silicone using silicone moulds are similar to the original specimens with excellent surface detailing.Using silicone moulds, models like vertebrae using resin also can be made. Materials and methods : The silicone material used in our study is Moldsil P. For making a silicone mould, an acrylic jar is made, which is little bigger than the specimen. Moldsil P is mixed with hardner and poured into the container so that it fills half the volume of the jar. The specimen is immersed into the silicone in such a way that only its upper half is exposed. After the silicone is hardened, the rest of the specimen is covered with the silicone mixture [Moldsil P+hardener] and allowed to dry. The specimen is taken out and the cavity of the impression is filled with silicone or resin to make a cast. Results & Conclusion: The silicone models of neuroanatomy specimens made using silicone moulds are soft, easy to handle and are exactly similar to the specimens. These are used as an alternative teaching aid. Silicone moulds can be used for taking resin cast of vertebra
Designing effective control of dengue with combined interventions
Authors: Hladish Thomas J. , Pearson Carl A. B. , Toh Kok Ben , Rojas Diana Patricia , Manrique-Saide Pablo , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo M. , Halloran M. Elizabeth , Longini Ira M. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Using realistic simulation of dengue and plausible control programs in the state of Yucatán, Mexico, we show that vaccination programs can have amplifying or interfering dynamic effects when combined with expanded vector control effort. These results should inform planning in regions considering an integrated dengue control program, particularly if using CYD-TDV, which we found to underperform when combined with increasing vector control.
Molecular adaptations of the blood–brain barrier promote stress resilience vs. depression
Authors: Dudek Katarzyna A. , Dion-Albert Laurence , Lebel Manon , LeClair Katherine , Labrecque Simon , Tuck Ellen , Ferrer Perez Carmen , Golden Sam A. , Tamminga Carol , Turecki Gustavo , Mechawar Naguib , Russo Scott J. , Menard Caroline 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Thirty to fifty percent of depressed individuals are unresponsive to commonly prescribed antidepressant treatments, suggesting that biological mechanisms, such as stress-induced inflammation and blood vessel dysfunction, remain untreated. The blood–brain barrier is the ultimate frontier between the brain and harmful toxins or inflammatory signals circulating in the blood. Depression and vulnerability to chronic social stress are associated with loss of this barrier integrity; however, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Identification of adaptations leading to resilience under stressful conditions could help develop novel treatments. Here we combined behavioral, pharmacological, and cell-specific gene profiling experiments in mice with epigenetic, molecular, and anatomical analysis of human samples to unravel mechanisms with therapeutic potential to protect the brain and promote resilience.
Release of a disordered domain enhances HspB1 chaperone activity toward tau
Authors: Baughman Hannah E. R. , Pham Thanh-Hau T. , Adams Chloe S. , Nath Abhinav , Klevit Rachel E. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Molecular chaperones defend against protein aggregation that can otherwise lead to many diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The small heat shock protein (sHSP) chaperones are underappreciated in large part because we lack insight into the mechanisms by which they defend against protein aggregation. This study of how the sHSP HspB1 delays aggregation of the Alzheimer’s-linked protein tau leads to a model in which the release of a sequestered disordered region of the chaperone greatly enhances its activity. The model reveals a general mechanism by which sHSPs can be activated and suggests a strategy by which this interaction could be exploited therapeutically.
Dictionaries and translation
Authors: Hlebec Boris 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article offers a bird’s-eye view of the use of dictionaries in translation, accompanied by down-to-earth
exemplifications of the arguments. After propounding the essential difference between a bilingual dictionary and translation, a
brief survey follows of problems that should be solved by both. They include the treatment and translation of technical and
literary texts, of collocations, phrases and idioms, of colloquial, slang, dialectal, dated and obsolete words, of neologisms and
nonce-words. Mention is also made of the problem of treating application. As a onclusion, translators may be given a piece of
advice: Think of a dictionary as a counsellor and a friendly aide, but complement it with other sources of information and do not
always rely upon it.
An argumentative reconstruction of the computer metaphor of the brain
Authors: Finsen Andreas Bilstrup , Steen Gerard J. , Wagemans Jean H. M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The computer metaphor of the brain is frequently criticized by scientists and philosophers outside the computational paradigm. Proponents of the metaphor may then seek to defend its explanatory merits, in which case the metaphor functions as a standpoint. Insofar as previous research in argumentation theory has treated metaphors either as presentational devices or arguments by analogy, this points to hitherto unexplored aspects of how metaphors may function in argumentative discourse. We start from the assumption that the computer metaphor of the brain constitutes an explanatory hypothesis and set out to reconstruct it as a standpoint defended by a complex argumentation structure: abduction supported by analogy. We then provide three examples of real arguments conforming to our theoretically motivated construction. We conclude that our study obtains proof-of-concept but that more research is needed in order to further clarify the relationship between our theoretical construct and the complexities of empirical reality.
The SDGs and the bio-economy: fostering land-grabbing in Africa
Authors: Ashukem Jean-Claude N. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
This article analyses the contributory role of the bio-economy and the UN General Assembly Sustainable Development Goals in facilitating and fostering land-grabbing in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that with the rapidly increasing demand for land and the use of agricultural produce for food and energy purposes, the bio-economy, together with the Sustainable Development Goals, has inexorably exacerbated the practice of land-grabbing in sub-Saharan Africa, where land is considered to be abundant, empty and unused. Sub-Saharan Africa has again been perceived primarily as a steady supplier of land for the production of food and non-food crops.
Investigating the effect of bouncing type on the physiological demands of trampolining
Authors: Clement Tane , Alexander Keith , Draper Nick 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether altering the bounce style affects the physiological demands of trampolining.Methods: Twenty‐eight healthy adults completed five, three‐minute exercise bouts on a trampoline where; heart rate (HR), (mL/min) and rate of EE (kJ/min) were collected for five different bouncing variations.Results: A one‐way repeated measures MANOVA was then used to assess whether significant differences existed between the different bounce types for HR and EE. A significant difference was found ( = 20.886, p = 0.0005), so a series of one‐way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to identify the degree of significance. For ( = 64.079, p = 0.0005, ηp 2 = 0.7) and EE ( = 44.979, p = 0.0005, ηp 2 = 0.6). Post‐hoc tests found that for both and EE a significant difference existed between the conventional bounce and each of the bounce variates (p = 0.0005).Conclusion: The results from this study indicated altering the bounce style does have a significant effect on the physiological demands of trampolining. The energy expenditure (EE) equation for trampolining can now be updated to more accurately reflect the rate of EE while performing different bounce styles.
The C/O ratio of He-accreting carbon-oxygen white dwarfs and type Ia supernovae
Authors: Cui Xiao , Wang Bo , Wu Cheng-Yuan , Meng Xiang-Cun , Han Zhan-Wen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are thermonuclear explosions of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (CO WDs), and are believed to be excellent cosmological distance indicators due to their high luminosity and remarkable uniformity. However, there exists a diversity among SNe Ia, and a poor understanding of the diversity hampers the improvement of the accuracy of cosmological distance measurements. The variations of the ratios of carbon to oxygen (C/O) of WDs at explosion are suggested to contribute to the diversity. In the canonical model of SNe Ia, a CO WD accretes matter from its companion and increases its mass till the Chandrasekhar mass limit when the WD explodes. In this work, we studied the C/O ratio for accreting CO WDs. Employing the stellar evolution code MESA, we simulated the accretion of He-rich material onto CO WDs with different initial WD masses and different mass accretion rates. We found that the C/O ratio varies for different cases. The C/O ratio of He-accreting CO WDs at explosion increases with a decreasing initial WD mass or a decreasing accretion rate. The various C/O ratios may, therefore, contribute to the diversity of SNe Ia.
Assessment of miniaturized ultrasound-powered implants: an in vivo study
Authors: Vo Jesse , Chang Ting Chia , Shea Katherine I , Myers Matthew , Arbabian Amin , Vasudevan Srikanth 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective. Therapeutic applications of implantable active medical devices have improved the quality of patient life. Numerous on-going research in the field of neuromodulation and bioelectronic medicine are exploring the use of these implants for treating diseases and conditions. Miniaturized implantable medical devices that are wirelessly powered by ultrasound (US) can be placed close to the target sites deep inside the body for effective therapy with less invasiveness. In this study, we assessed the long-term in vivo performance of miniaturized US powered implants (UPI) using a rodent model. Approach. Prototype UPI devices were implanted in rodents and powered wirelessly using an unfocused US transmitter over 12 weeks, and the corresponding device output was recorded. Structural integrity of UPI before and after implantation was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also conducted qualitative histological assessment of skin and muscle surrounding the UPI and compared it to naïve control and US exposed tissues. Main results. We found that it is feasible to power UPI devices wirelessly with US over long-term. The encapsulation of UPIs did not degrade over time and the tissues surrounding the UPI were comparable to both naïve control and US exposed tissues. Significance. This study is the first to assess the long-term performance of miniaturized UPI devices using a rodent model over 12-weeks. The set of tests used in this study can be extended to assess other US-powered miniaturized implants.
On the definition and prioritization of strategies and actions to minimize greenhouse gas emissions in cities: An actor-oriented approach
Authors: Balouktsi M , Lützkendorf T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cities as hotspots of human economic activity and infrastructures provide some of the best opportunities for decarbonizing sectors essential for limiting the global warming to 1.5, such as buildings and transport. For this reason, regulators and researchers have widely recognized the necessity to put cities, as an important object of assessment, and city authorities, as an important actor group, at the core of climate mitigation efforts. In their pursuit of a low-emission future, however, cities are confronted with a number of theoretical and practical questions regarding allocation and accounting of city-related greenhouse gas (GHG), target setting and subsequent planning for mitigation. A wide literature is currently focused on the first two. However, to achieve ambitious climate targets, research should urgently focus more on how to reap all available urban mitigation actions and encourage rapid and radical changes. Identifying and prioritising mitigation strategies and actions to achieve the targets, as well as putting them together into a coherent plan with a clear vision of the future, are critical steps in actionable and effective climate action planning. As a first contribution in this direction, this paper provides recommendations for research and practice to support a more integrated and conscious definition and prioritization of actions by municipal stakeholders, based on: (1) the specific context of each city type as a determinant of what actions may work, (2) the executive power of city authority to act as the main actor and (3) the multiple benefits and/or trade-offs accruing from each local climate action.
Towards climate change mitigation and adaptation in cities – the role of Greek Municipalities and Prefectures. Findings and outcomes from the EMPOWERING Project.
Authors: Theodoridou Ifigeneia , Mermigas Andreas , Christodoulou Aikaterini , Kanouras Spyridon , Kokkinidou Rania 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Climate change is a global challenge that must be tackled in order to secure a safe planet for the young generations, as it threatens Europe’s ecosystems, human health and economy. In this line, the European Union is focusing on a strict 2030 energy agenda in order to achieve a climate-neutral Europe by 2050, in line with all necessary reductions by developed countries as a group and at the same time make a fair and ambitious contribution to the Paris Agreement. Since, 70% of cities are already dealing with the effects of climate change, along with their rapid growth and the high intensity of urban sprawl, Local Authorities’ role is of vital importance. Moreover, besides environmental and social related factors that drive the battle against climate change, economic parameters represent key drivers of CO2 emissions’ reduction policies. In this framework, the most important initiative on a European Level, is the Covenant of Mayors – CoM that was created in 2008 and gathers more than 9.660 signatories globally that have voluntarily committed to create Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans (SECAPs). In this line, the EMPOWERING Project, launched in 2017, aimed at supporting Local Authorities enhance their capacity in terms of planning efficient energy measures within the new European 2030 framework for Climate and Energy Policy. This research presents the main results and conclusions of the authors’ technical support to the Region of Central Macedonia (RCM) and its participating municipalities.
High performance building façades for Zero Energy Buildings in Greece: State of the art and perspectives
Authors: Antoniadou Panagiota , Symeonidou Maria , Kyriaki Elli , Giama Effrosyni , Boemi Sofia-Natalia , Chadiarakou Stella , Papadopoulos Agis M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Pursuing high energy performance with the least environmental impact of a building, along with ensuring the well-being of the occupants, is the ultimate goal of an institutional framework that addresses energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The building sector is responsible for 38% of the total final energy consumption in Europe and is therefore in the epicentre of the effort to achieve improvements. This is being expressed by the targets of EU policies for 2030 and 2050, which set truly ambitious goals.
Part of this effort is the improvement of the building’s envelope thermal performance, along with the respective one of the HVAC systems, but also integrating those two in the best possible way. The façade is the crucial factor, as it is the interface between the building and its environment, but also between the environment and the HVAC system; it is truly the building’s skin, which is therefore much more than a simple state boundary, if we want to have truly advanced buildings. Main scope of the paper is to present the results of an in depth investigation regarding the best available technologies and the upcoming trends of intelligent building façades, to be used in Zero and Positive Energy Buildings. This cannot be done without discussing the legislative and regulatory framework that applies for the building envelope, as solutions have to comply with regulations and standards, both national and international. In this line of approach an investigation of the practices and technical approaches best suited for Greece is being made, specifying their performance, possible drawbacks and approaches that are to be applied and the implementation of which is expected to contribute to the improvement of the buildings’ performance.
Furthermore, the constructional approaches and the effectiveness of both naturally and mechanically ventilated façades are discussed, along with their adaptation to the Greek building practices. The integration of ventilated façades with the building’s HVAC systems may offer advantages, especially in spring and fall when preheating the air may lead to reduced energy requirements. In the opposite direction, heat rejection may be a problem in summer, where alternative cooling techniques can provide a solution. Finally, integration of innovative design elements such as the use of different final coating materials on the façades, the use of phase-changing materials (PCMs) and the integration of photovoltaic systems are evaluated.