bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting a head start: identifying pretreatment correlates associated with early weight loss for individuals participating in weight loss treatment
Authors: Wiedemann Ashley A , Baumgardt Sydney S , Ivezaj Valentina , Kerrigan Stephanie G , Lydecker Janet A , Grilo Carlos M , Barnes Rachel D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly weight loss is associated with greater weight loss following treatment cessation and years later. The present study aimed to identify pretreatment correlates associated with early weight loss in adults participating in weight-loss treatment in primary care. Participants (N = 89) were in the overweight/obesity range seeking weight-loss treatment in primary-care settings and randomized to one of three treatments: Motivational Interviewing and Internet Condition (MIC), Nutrition Psychoeducation and Internet Condition (NPC), or Usual Care (UC). At baseline, participants were assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview and completed self-report measures of emotional overeating, exercise, exercise self-efficacy, and depression. Percent weight loss at week six was used as the Early Weight Loss variable. MIC/NPC groups had significantly greater Early Weight Loss than UC. Among MIC/NPC participants only, greater Early Weight Loss was associated with significantly lower pretreatment disordered eating and depressive symptoms. Participants in MIC/NPC who achieved clinically meaningful weight loss (&gt;2.5%) by week six compared with those who did not (&lt;2.5%) reported lower pretreatment disordered eating. Demographic factors and binge-eating disorder diagnosis were unrelated to Early Weight Loss. Our findings suggest that greater early weight loss may be associated with less pretreatment disordered eating and depressive symptoms.Clinical TrialsNCT01558297
Mechanism of freezing resistance in eco-dormant birch buds under winter subzero temperatures
Authors: Endoh Keita , Fujikawa Seizo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaximum freezing resistance is a component of winter survival and is associated with the eco-dormant state. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) has shown that changes of the freezing response of the dormant buds depend not only on species and bud type, but also on cooling rates. In order to clarify the freezing adaptation at the cellular level of eco-dormant buds in Japanese white birch, birch buds cooled at a rate of 0.2 °C min−1 and 5 °C day−1 were precisely examined by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Freezing responses of floral dormant buds having female inflorescent primordia and leaf primordia with high-cold hardiness were assessed for extracellular freezing patterns by DTA. Cryo-SEM observation showed freezing of viscous solution filling intercellular spaces within buds and formation of extracellular ice in a random distribution within certain tissues, including green scales, leaf primordia and peduncles. The tissues producing extracellular ice had the common property that distinct intercellular spaces were present among cells having comparatively thick primary walls. In contrast, extracellular ice was not formed within flower primordium and parts of leaf primordium. These tissues had also the common property that no detectable intercellular spaces existed around the cells having thin primary walls. Cryo-SEM observation confirmed that all cells in tissues, regardless of whether extracellular ice was formed within tissues, and also regardless of differences in cooling rates, showed distinct cellular shrinkage by freezing. Recrystallization experiments by cryo-SEM confirmed that all freezable water in cells was eliminated by cooling at 0.2 °C min−1 at least to −30 °C. These results confirmed that all cells in birch buds responded to subzero temperatures through rapid equilibrium dehydration. In contrast to deep supercooling associated with extraorgan freezing of other freezing resistant buds of trees in an eco-dormant state, the mechanism of freezing resistance in eco-dormant birch buds is freezing adaptations by extracellular freezing.
Differences in growth and gas exchange between southern and northern provenances of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in northern Europe
Authors: Tenkanen Antti , Keski-Saari Sarita , Salojärvi Jarkko , Oksanen Elina , Keinänen Markku , Kontunen-Soppela Sari 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to its ubiquity across northern latitudes, silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is an attractive model species for studying geographical trait variation and acclimation capacity. Six birch provenances from 60 to 67°N across Finland were grown in a common garden and studied for provenance and genotype variation. We looked for differences in height growth, photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll content index (CCI) and compared the gas exchange of early and late leaves on short and long shoots, respectively. The provenances stratified into southern and northern groups. Northern provenances attained less height growth increment and had higher stomatal conductance (gs) and lower intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE, Anet/gs) than southern provenances, whereas net photosynthesis (Anet) or CCI did not show clear grouping. Short shoot leaves had lower gs and higher WUE than long shoot leaves in all provenances, but there was no difference in Anet between shoot types. The separation of the provenances into two groups according to their physiological responses might reflect the evolutionary history of B. pendula. Latitudinal differences in gas exchange and water use traits can have plausible consequences for global carbon and water fluxes in a warming climate.
Elevated temperature and ozone modify structural characteristics of silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves
Authors: Hartikainen Kaisa , Kivimäenpää Minna , Nerg Anne-Marja , Mäenpää Maarit , Oksanen Elina , Rousi Matti , Holopainen Toini 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To study the effects of slightly elevated temperature and ozone (O3) on leaf structural characteristics of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), saplings of four clonal genotypes of this species were exposed to elevated temperature (ambient air temperature +0.8–1.0 °C) and elevated O3 (1.3–1.4× ambient O3), alone and in combination, in an open-air exposure field over two growing seasons (2007 and 2008). So far, the impacts of moderate elevation of temperature or the combination of elevated temperature and O3 on leaf structure of silver birch have not been intensively studied, thus showing the urgent need for this type of studies. Elevated temperature significantly increased leaf size, reduced non-glandular trichome density, decreased epidermis thickness and increased plastoglobuli size in birch leaves during one or both growing seasons. During the second growing season, O3 elevation reduced leaf size, increased palisade layer thickness and decreased the number of plastoglobuli in spongy cells. Certain leaf structural changes observed under a single treatment of elevated temperature or O3, such as increase in the amount of chloroplasts or vacuole, were no longer detected at the combined treatment. Leaf structural responses to O3 and rising temperature may also depend on timing of the exposure during the plant and leaf development as indicated by the distinct changes in leaf structure along the experiment. Genotype-dependent cellular responses to the treatments were detected particularly in the palisade cells. Overall, this study showed that even a slight but realistic elevation in ambient temperature can notably modify leaf structure of silver birch saplings. Leaf structure, in turn, influences leaf function, thus potentially affecting acclimation capacity under changing climate.
Datamining, Genetic Diversity Analyses, and Phylogeographic Reconstructions Redefine the Worldwide Evolutionary History of Grapevine Pinot gris virus and Grapevine berry inner necrosis virus
Authors: Hily Jean-Michel , Poulicard Nils , Candresse Thierry , Vigne Emmanuelle , Beuve Monique , Renault Lauriane , Velt Amandine , Spilmont Anne-Sophie , Lemaire Olivier 
Published: December 2019

The recently described member of the genus Trichovirus grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) has now been detected in most grape-growing countries. While it has been associated with severe mottling and deformation symptoms under some circumstances, it has generally been detected in asymptomatic infections. The cause(s) underlying this variable association with symptoms remain(s) subject to speculations. GPGV genetic diversity has been studied using short genomic regions amplified by RT-PCR but not so far at the pan-genomic level. In an attempt to gain insight into GPGV diversity and evolutionary history, a systematic datamining effort was performed on our own high-throughput sequencing (HTS) data as well as on publicly available sequence read archive files. One hundred new complete or near complete GPGV genomic sequences were thus obtained, together with 69 new complete genomes for the other grapevine-infecting Trichovirus, grapevine berry inner necrosis virus (GINV). Phylogenetic and diversity analyses revealed that both viruses likely have their origin in Asia and that China is the most probable country of origin of GPGV. However, despite their common taxonomy, origin, and host, these two trichoviruses display very distinct genetic features and evolutionary traits. GINV shows an important overall genetic diversity, and is likely evolving under a balancing selection in a very restricted region of the world. On the contrary, GPGV shows a worldwide distribution with a modest genetic diversity and presents a strong selective sweep pattern. Taken together, these results show how two closely related trichoviruses differ drastically in their evolutionary history and epidemiological success. Possible causes for these differences are discussed. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Changing treatment landscape for early cervical cancer: outcomes reported with minimally invasive surgery compared with an open approach
Authors: Melamed Alexander , Ramirez Pedro T. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
The aim of the article is to review recent studies that compare the oncologic efficacy of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy with that of open radical hysterectomy.

Recent findings
The Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) trial, a randomized study design to test the hypothesis that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy is not inferior to open radical hysterectomy, was stopped early by the data and safety monitoring committee after enrolling 631 of a planned 740 patients. The disease-free survival rate at 4.5 years was 86% among women assigned to minimally invasive surgery and 96.5% in those who underwent open surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 3.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63–8.58). Minimally invasive surgery was also associated with inferior overall survival (HR 6.00; 95% CI 1.44–12.7). Recent well designed, adequately powered observational studies mostly corroborate the findings of the LACC trial.

Summary
After a decade of widespread acceptance and increasing popularity, the preponderance of evidence now suggests that minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer confers an excess risk of recurrence and death compared with open abdominal radical hysterectomy.
The promise of autism genetics: Still waiting
Authors: Johnson Heather L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The condition presently known as autism spectrum disorder was first described in the literature nearly 80 years ago. Since then, the research community has mounted a quest to discover the etiology of the condition in hopes of discovering prevention, treatment, and cures for this developmental disorder. The field of autism genetics has made progress in understanding what genes are and what are not associated with autism. This article provides a brief overview of the evolution of autism genetics and describes the current state of science in realizing genetically informed prevention and treatments.
A tree with deep roots: 54th anniversary of nurse practitioners
Authors: Earp Jaibun K. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
More than 270,000 nurse practitioners (NPs) celebrate the profession's 54th anniversary this year. NPs have significantly expanded patient care options and availability. Many states now allow full practice authority for NPs, and all states now allow NPs to prescribe. Doctor of Nursing Practice–prepared NP enrollment is rising. The NP profession as an integral part of the US health care system has significantly strengthened our health care system, making the tree with deep roots even stronger and more substantial than ever.
Update on long-term outcomes for chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Chang Michael T. , Patel Zara M. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
This article reviews the existing body of literature regarding long-term outcomes of various treatments for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the cystic fibrosis population.

Recent findings
The management of CRS in cystic fibrosis involves a multitude of medical and surgical therapies. Despite their high usage amongst clinicians, corticosteroids and antibiotics currently have little outcome data supporting their use. There is emerging evidence demonstrating beneficial outcomes for DNAse mucolytics and molecular modulators of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor regulator (CFTR). Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) improves sinonasal outcomes in cystic fibrosis CRS; however, the benefit on pulmonary outcomes remains unclear.

Summary
Successful management of CRS in cystic fibrosis requires multimodal and multidisciplinary care. The long-term outcome data is variable for different treatment modalities. There is recent evidence supporting the role of DNAse mucolytics, CFTR-targeting therapies, and ESS in management of cystic fibrosis CRS.
An Enhanced Recovery Protocol that Facilitates Same-day Discharge for Simple Laparoscopic Appendectomies
Authors: Shafy Shabana Z. , Miller Rebecca , Uffman Joshsua C. , Tobias Joseph D. , Fetzer Mike , Nordin Andrew B. , Kenney Brian , Walia Hina , Veneziano Giorgio 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:
Acute appendicitis is the most common gastrointestinal condition requiring urgent operation in the pediatric population with laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) being the current surgical technique. We describe the implementation of a standardized protocol to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and facilitate same-day discharge after LA.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary team developed this protocol to facilitate same-day discharge after observing high rates of overnight stay due to PONV among simple appendectomies performed in 2011–2012. The protocol was implemented in November 2014 and underwent a revision in June 2016. Following the implementation of the protocol, we monitored the patients undergoing an LA at Nationwide Children’s Hospital between November 2014 and August 2017.

Results:
We identified 691 patients (255 female) who underwent a simple LA at Nationwide Children’s Hospital between November 2014 and August 2017. The patient population had a median age of 11 years (interquartile range: 9, 14). Among these patients, 514 (74%) were discharged on the day of surgery, and 387 (56%) were protocol compliant. The rate of same-day discharge was higher for compliant cases (79%) than noncompliant cases (69%, P = 0.003). Multivariable statistical analysis associated compliance with an increased likelihood of same-day discharge (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.4, P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Implementation of the LA protocol to reduce PONV demonstrated a significant increase in the rate of same-day discharge from the hospital among compliant patients. Also, the adoption of a protocol to select patients for early discharge after LA has shown results with a 45% reduction in the need for inhospital beds.
Integral factorial ratios: irreducible examples with height larger than 1
Authors: Soundararajan K. 
Published: December 2019

This paper gives over 50 new examples of two-parameter families of integral factorial ratios of height 2. These examples are also shown to be irreducible, in the sense that they do not arise by putting together two factorial ratios of height 1.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Srinivasa Ramanujan: in celebration of the centenary of his election as FRS’.
From Ramanujan graphs to Ramanujan complexes
Authors: Lubotzky Alexander , Parzanchevski Ori 
Published: December 2019

Ramanujan graphs are graphs whose spectrum is bounded optimally. Such graphs have found numerous applications in combinatorics and computer science. In recent years, a high-dimensional theory has emerged. In this paper, these developments are surveyed. After explaining their connection to the Ramanujan conjecture, we will present some old and new results with an emphasis on random walks on these discrete objects and on the Euclidean spheres. The latter lead to ‘golden gates’ which are of importance in quantum computation.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Srinivasa Ramanujan: in celebration of the centenary of his election as FRS’.
Srinivasa Ramanujan and signal-processing problems
Authors: Vaidyanathan Palghat P. , Tenneti Srikanth 
Published: December 2019

The Ramanujan sumcq(n) has been used by mathematicians to derive many important infinite series expansions for arithmetic-functions in number theory. Interestingly, this sum has many properties which are attractive from the point of view of digital signal processing. One of these is thatcq(n) is periodic with periodq, and another is that it is always integer-valued in spite of the presence of complex roots of unity in the definition. Engineers and physicists have in the past used the Ramanujan-sum to extract periodicity information from signals. In recent years, this idea has been developed further by introducing the concept of Ramanujan-subspaces. Based on this, Ramanujan dictionaries and filter banks have been developed, which are very useful to identify integer-valued periods in possibly complex-valued signals. This paper gives an overview of these developments from the view point of signal processing.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Srinivasa Ramanujan: in celebration of the centenary of his election as FRS’.
Asymptotics and Ramanujan's mock theta functions: then and now
Authors: Folsom Amanda 
Published: December 2019

This article is in commemoration of Ramanujan's election as Fellow of The Royal Society 100 years ago, as celebrated at the October 2018 scientific meeting at the Royal Society in London. Ramanujan's last letter to Hardy, written shortly after his election, surrounds his mock theta functions. While these functions have been of great importance and interest in the decades following Ramanujan's death in 1920, it was unclear how exactly they fit into the theory of modular forms—Dyson called this ‘a challenge for the future’ at another centenary conference in Illinois in 1987, honouring the 100th anniversary of Ramanujan's birth. In the early 2000s, Zwegers finally recognized that Ramanujan had discovered glimpses of special families of non-holomorphic modular forms, which we now know to be Bruinier and Funke's harmonic Maass forms from 2004, the holomorphic parts of which are called mock modular forms. As of a few years ago, a fundamental question from Ramanujan's last letter remained, on a certain asymptotic relationship between mock theta functions and ordinary modular forms. The author, with Ono and Rhoades, revisited Ramanujan's asymptotic claim, and established a connection between mock theta functions and quantum modular forms, which were not defined until 90 years later in 2010 by Zagier. Here, we bring together past and present, and study the relationships between mock modular forms and quantum modular forms, with Ramanujan's mock theta functions as motivation. In particular, we highlight recent work of Bringmann–Rolen, Choi–Lim–Rhoades and Griffin–Ono–Rolen in our discussion. This article is largely expository, but not exclusively: we also establish a new interpretation of Ramanujan's radial asymptotic limits in the subject of topology.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Srinivasa Ramanujan: in celebration of the centenary of his election as FRS’.
A novel methodology to measure waiting times for community-based specialist care in a public healthcare system
Authors: Miron Rachel Wilf , Novikov Ilya , Ziv Arnona , Mandelbaum Avishai , Ritov Yaacov , Luxenburg Osnat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring of waiting time (WT) in healthcare systems is essential, since long WT are associated with adverse health outcomes, reduced patient satisfaction and increased private financing.ObjectiveTo develop a methodology for routine national monitoring of WT for community-based non-urgent specialist appointments, in a public healthcare system.DesignObservational historical study using data from computerized appointment scheduling systems of all Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) in Israel.Data sourcesData included available appointments for community-based specialists and actual number of visits.The first 50 available appointments from each specialist appointment book were collected throughout December 2018. Five most frequently visited specialties - orthopedics, ophthalmology, gynecology, dermatology and otolaryngology - were included.Data collection/extraction approachWT offered to HMO members (OWT) were calculated for two scenarios: “specific” physician and “any” physician in the clinic’s geographical region. Distribution of OWT was calculated separately for each specialty and geographical region, combined to create the nationwide distribution, and expressed as mean, standard deviation and percentiles.Principal findingsEstimated national median OWT for “specific” physician, ranged from 6 days (ophthalmology) to 13 days (dermatology), with large variation between geographic regions. OWT for “any” physician were 28-50% shorter than for “specific” physician.ConclusionsThis novel method offers a solution for ongoing national WT measurement, using computerized scheduling systems. It integrates patient preferences for physician choice and allows identification of differences between specialties and regions, setting the ground for interventions to strengthen public healthcare systems.