bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depolarization electric field and poling voltage‐modulated Pb,La(Zr,Ti)O3‐based self‐powered ultraviolet photodetectors
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Jian , Cai Yixing , Zhang Qingfeng , Lu Yinmei , Huang Haitao , He Yunbin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTraditional self‐powered ultraviolet photodetectors, which are usually designed based on p‐n junction interfacial effects, exhibit low responsivity and specific detectivity because the photogenerated electrons and holes cannot be separated effectively. Unlike wide band‐gap semiconductor materials, ferroelectrics have large remnant polarization and thus high depolarization electric field throughout the whole bulk region, which can cause effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Based on this, in this study, we prepare Pb0.93La0.07(Zr1‐xTix)0.9825O3 (PLZT) ferroelectric thin films with large remnant polarization and self‐powered ultraviolet photodetectors with Au/PLZT/FTO structure. The results indicate that the photoelectric response performances of the detectors improve as the remnant polarization of the PLZT thin film and positive poling voltage increase. By adjusting the Ti content, due to large remnant polarization of 47.4 μC/cm2 in the PLZT thin films with 80 mol% Ti, the corresponding photodetector exhibits the best self‐powered ultraviolet photoelectric response with the high photo/dark current ratio of 2600, responsivity of 2.05 mA/W, specific detectivity of 5.45 × 1010 Jones, and fast response speed (rise time of 18 ms). These values are superior to those of recently reported self‐powered ultraviolet photodetectors.
Genetic analysis of functional longevity in a complete diallel crossing experiment involving four maternal rabbit lines
Authors: Ragab Mohamed , Baselga Manuel , EL Nagar Ayman G. , Mínguez Carlos , Pablo Sánchez Juan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn a diallel cross between four maternal lines of rabbits, the four maternal lines and the corresponding crossbred females (does) were evaluated concerning functional longevity, estimating their crossbreeding components. Sixteen genetic groups were produced by using four maternal lines of rabbit (A, V, H and LP (L)). The groups were distributed over 4 Spanish farms. In all farms, the V line was present as the reference group. A total of 7,211 does’ longevity records were recorded. Using a Cox proportional hazard model of fixed effects, survival analysis was performed to study longevity analysing the hazard of death or culling. Does from lines A, H and V had similar risks of death or of being culled, and they were more susceptible compared with those from line L. The lowest hazard was associated with L line does. No significant differences were found between the average of all crosses and the V line except when comparing the V line to the cross between A and H lines, favouring the former (1.30 higher risk of replacement for AH animals). Significant differences between reciprocal crosses were observed between VH and HV, in favour of HV (0.72 of relative risk of replacement) and between LH and HL, in favour of HL (0.76 of relative risk). Line V had the highest risk due to the direct genetic effects, and these differences were significant with the lines H (1.40 of relative risk) and L (1.43 of relative risk). The differences in maternal genetic effects were small and not significant except between lines H and V in favour of V line (0.75 of relative risk). The estimated direct heterosis effects do not always follow the same trend but they showed the importance of the crossing between specialized lines to produce crossbred does for intensive meat rabbit production.
A supplemental computer‐assisted intervention programme to prevent early reading difficulties in Spanish learners: A stratified random control trial
Authors: Giménez Almudena , Bordoy Soraya , Sánchez Auxiliadora , López‐Zamora Miguel , Sopena Josep M. , Luque Juan L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifficulties in implementing effective instruction for at‐risk students arise from two challenges: the transfer of evidence‐based knowledge and the lack of economic resources. Computer‐assisted programmes offer a suitable solution, providing quality instruction using low‐cost resources. Thirty‐two first‐grade students with early learning difficulties were identified and paired based on at least three of the pre‐intervention reading measures (reading efficiency of monosyllabic and disyllabic items, words, pseudowords and text reading speed). Each pair was assigned to one of two different intervention programmes: a computer‐assisted intervention programme (CAIP) focused on syllables or the programme provided by the Spanish State School Assistance Services (SSAS). Every week, the CAIP participants received in pairs four 15‐min training sessions on syllable decoding plus one 30‐min group comprehension session. The CAIP was delivered by trainee students. The SSAS programme typically consisted of a 1‐hr individual or in small groups sessions per week delivered by trained practitioners. Both programmes were administered for 11 weeks. The CAIP intervention showed better results than the SSAS intervention for both decoding and comprehension, with moderate to large effect sizes.
The prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in Mainland China: Data from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey (2015–2016)
Authors: Jiao Jian , Jing Wudi , Si Yan , Feng Xiping , Tai Baojun , Hu Deyu , Lin Huancai , Wang Bo , Wang Chunxiao , Zheng Shuguo , Liu Xuenan , Rong Wensheng , Wang Weijian , Li Wenjing , Meng Huanxin , Wang Xing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate periodontal conditions in adults in mainland China based on data from the 4th National Oral Health Survey.Materials and methodsData of adult subjects (35‐ to 44‐year‐old group [N = 4409], 55‐ to 64‐year‐old group [N = 4622], and 65‐ to 74‐year‐old group [N = 4428]) were analysed. Demographic, socio‐economic, personal habit, dental history, and health attitude data were obtained using a questionnaire. Periodontal condition was assessed using the standardized case definitions of the 2018 classification scheme. A multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between periodontitis severity and age, smoking status, gender, and region using generalized additive models after adjusting for confounders.ResultsThe frequency of subjects with periodontitis was 52.8%, 69.3%, and 64.6% in the three age groups, respectively. The frequency of subjects with severe periodontitis (stage III or IV) was 10.6%, 37.3%, and 43.5% in the three age groups, respectively. The severity of periodontal disease was positively associated with age. Current and former smokers exhibited significantly greater disease severity than non‐smokers after adjustment for confounders. No significant difference of severity was found between males and females.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the study, the prevalence of periodontitis is very high among adults in mainland China. Periodontal status is associated with age and smoking status.
Modeling and optimization of microwave puffing of rice using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm
Authors: Dash Kshirod Kumar , Das Sushant Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA genetic algorithm based on artificial neural network (ANN) modeling was developed for the microwave puffing of preconditioned rice. The microwave puffing method was analyzed in order to find out the effect of microwave power, puffing time, butter level, and sodium bicarbonate level on the expansion ratio and puffing percentage of puffed rice. ANN modeling was applied between the independent and dependent variables and 4‐7‐2 architecture was selected as the best ANN architecture with mean squared error value ranging between 1.138 and 1.839. The optimized conditions obtained from the hybrid ANN‐GA approach were 850 W of microwave power, 35 s of puffing time, 5.26% of butter, and 1.46% of sodium bicarbonate. The optimum combination of independent variables resulted in maximum expansion ratio and percentage puffing of 8.4 and 94.37%, respectively. The relative deviations between the experimental and ANN‐GA model predicted values for expansion ratio and percentage puffing were 1.42 and 1.04%, respectively. The micrograph analysis showed that the parboiled rice had closely packed swollen starch granules with a fused endosperm, while large porous structured vacuoles were found in puffed rice. This study would provide a simple and efficient way to obtain crispy puffed rice by using a domestic microwave oven.Practical ApplicationsMicrowave puffing produces low fat ready to eat healthy products than the deep fat fried product. The microwave generates rapid heat and mass transfer in the food product resulting in the puffed product of desirable porous structure. Evaluation of optimal microwave puffing conditions will produce puffed rice with high sensory value and nutritional value. On this basis, the present study emphasized the effects of processing parameters and the potential of two additives, that is, butter and sodium bicarbonate, for microwave puffing of rice. The impact of various processing and operating conditions of microwave puffing of rice was analyzed. This research would make a way to make puffed rice at the domestic level in a quicker and easier process. This process would develop a suitable package containing preconditioned rice kernel with butter and sodium bicarbonate to obtain ready to eat puffed rice by using a domestic microwave oven.
Management of recurrent granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: Contemporary literature review and a proposal of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy as novel therapeutic option
Authors: Yasukawa Maya , Matsuo Koji , Matsuzaki Shinya , Dainty Louis A. , Sugarbaker Paul H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGranulosa cell tumors of the ovary (GCT) are the most common type of sex cord stromal tumors. Although most of patients are diagnosed at early stage and has favorable 5‐year overall survival rate, 16–23% of GCT ultimately develop recurrent disease. Recurrences are characterized by disseminated peritoneal metastasis. The treatment options include systemic chemotherapy, secondary CRS or palliative localized radiation therapy have not yet standardized due to the rarity of disease. Aggressive CRS followed up by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been shown to provide benefit in other peritoneal disease but limited data available for recurrent GCT. We have a case of recurrent Adult‐type GCT (AGCT) who was treated with CRS followed by HIPEC with mitomycin C and doxorubicin. The patient has no evidence of recurrence for approximately 11 years. An electronic search of the PubMed database with the following search terms: GCT, HIPEC showed that there were total 21 patients with recurrent GCT treated in seven different studies and 13 of 21 (61.9%) patients had no evidence of disease during follow‐up ranging from 6 to 100 months. Three patients (14.2%) died of the disease. Six studies used cisplatin for HIPEC. At least 76.2% (16 of 21, data not available for five patients) had complete cytoreduction with total 16 cases of perioperative complications but no perioperative mortality was observed. Although further investigation is needed, we propose that CRS and HIPEC can be an effective therapeutic option for recurrent GCT at experienced institutions.
Effects of past environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the menstrual cycle and menstrual phase‐related symptoms: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sakai Hiroko , Ohashi Kazutomo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study examined the effects of current and past environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the menstrual cycle and menstrual phase‐related symptoms in nonsmoking Japanese women of child‐bearing age.MethodsOf 5000 women who agreed to participate, 3935 were analyzed (932 smokers, 2326 nonsmokers, and 677 past smokers). Nonsmokers were divided into three groups based on smoking status and environmental tobacco smoke exposure: nonsmokers without exposure (n = 352), nonsmokers with past exposure (n = 1196) and nonsmokers with current exposure (n = 778). Participants completed a questionnaire on background characteristics, environmental tobacco smoke exposure (location and relationship to smokers), abnormal menstrual cycle, days of menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle‐related symptoms experienced in the past 3 months (assessed by the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire).ResultsMean age was 29.7 ± 7.0 (20–44) years. Compared with nonsmokers without environmental tobacco smoke exposure, current smokers had the highest risk of an abnormal menstrual cycle (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.74 [1.194–2.545]), followed by nonsmokers with past exposure (adjusted OR, 1.70 [1.171–2.464]), past smokers (adjusted OR, 1.60 [1.081–2.366]) and nonsmokers with current environmental tobacco smoke exposure (adjusted OR, 1.49 [0.901–1.212]). Irrespective of environmental tobacco smoke exposure, current smokers reported significantly more severe premenstrual and menstrual symptoms than nonsmokers, and nonsmokers with past environmental tobacco smoke exposure had significantly more severe premenstrual and menstrual symptoms than nonsmokers without environmental tobacco smoke exposure.ConclusionPast environmental tobacco smoke exposure, especially during childhood or adolescence, might harm women's reproductive health when they reach reproductive age.
Patient and caregiver perspectives on sleep in dialysis
Authors: De Silva Iresha , Evangelidis Nicole , Hanson Camilla S. , Manera Karine , Guha Chandana , Scholes‐Robertson Nicole , Craig Jonathan C. , Johnson David , Cho Yeoungiee , Viecelli Andrea K. , Tong Allison ,   for the SONG‐HD, SONG‐PD initiative
Published: October 2020

AbstractSleep disturbances are common among patients receiving dialysis and are associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity, and impaired quality of life. Despite being highly prioritised by patients, sleep problems remain under‐diagnosed and inadequately managed. The aim of the present study was to describe the perspectives of patients receiving dialysis and their caregivers on sleep. We extracted qualitative data on sleep from 26 focus groups, two international Delphi surveys, and two consensus workshops involving 644 patients and caregivers from 86 countries as part of the Standardised Outcomes in Nephrology‐Haemodialysis and ‐Peritoneal Dialysis (SONG‐HD/SONG‐PD) initiatives. The responses were from patients aged ≥18 years receiving haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and their caregivers. We analysed the data using thematic analysis with five themes identified: constraining daily living (with subthemes of: battling intrusive tiredness, exacerbating debilitating conditions, broken and incapacitated); roadblocks in relationships (unable to meet family needs, antipathy due to misunderstanding, wreaking emotional havoc); burden on caregivers (stress on support persons, remaining alert to help); losing enjoyment (limiting social contact, disempowerment in life); and undermining mental resilience (aggravating low mood, diminishing coping skills, reducing functional ability). Sleep disturbances are exhausting for patients on dialysis and pervade all aspects of their lives including the ability to do daily tasks, and maintaining relationships, mental and emotional well‐being. Better assessment and management of sleep problems in dialysis is needed, which may lead to improvements in overall health and quality of life.
Evaluation of changes in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in dogs after introduction of a quadrivalent antileptospiral vaccine in a highly endemic area
Authors: Francey Thierry , Schweighauser Ariane , Reber Antonella , Schuller Simone 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince 2003, a marked increase in leptospirosis serogroup Australis has been observed in dogs in Switzerland. In 2013, a new quadrivalent antileptospiral vaccine (L4) was introduced, adding serogroups Australis and Grippotyphosa to Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae of the previous bivalent vaccines (L2).ObjectiveTo examine whether introduction of L4 was associated with decreased incidence of leptospirosis and decreased odds for dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) to be diagnosed with leptospirosis.AnimalsFour hundred and sixty‐nine dogs with AKI presented to a referral hospital, including 269 dogs with leptospirosis and 200 controls with other causes.MethodsDescriptive section: disease incidence was evaluated for 3 consecutive periods: before (PRE, 2011‐2012), transition (TRANS, 2013‐2014), and after introduction of L4 (POST, 2015‐2017). Analytical section: variables associated with a diagnosis of leptospirosis were investigated in a case‐control study using multivariable logistic regression, and focusing on vaccination.ResultsThe number of dogs diagnosed with leptospirosis (AKI‐L) decreased from 56.5 (PRE) to 15.7 (POST) cases/year while controls increased from 16.5 to 38.0 cases/year. Control dogs (AKI‐nL) showed a decrease in L2 vaccination (100% to 26%) and an increase in L4 vaccination (0% to 70%). The odds ratio for vaccinated dogs to be diagnosed with leptospirosis was 0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06‐0.22; P < .001) for L4 and 2.08 (0.58‐7.42; P = .26) for L2.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe introduction of L4 was associated with a marked decrease in dogs with leptospirosis and AKI in Switzerland. Use of the L4 vaccine was associated with significantly decreased odds of disease.
Incidence and prevalence of acute hepatitis E virus infection in patients with suspected Drug‐Induced Liver Injury in the Spanish DILI Registry
Authors: Sanabria‐Cabrera Judith , Sanjuán‐Jiménez Rocío , Clavijo Encarnación , Medina‐Cáliz Inmaculada , González‐Jiménez Andrés , García‐Cortés Miren , Ortega‐Alonso Aida , Jiménez‐Pérez Miguel , González‐Grande Rocío , Stephens Camilla , Robles‐Díaz Mercedes , Lucena M Isabel , Andrade Raúl J. ,   the Spanish DILI Registry
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) presents with a wide phenotypic spectrum requiring an extensive differential diagnosis. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is not systematically ruled out during acute hepatitis assessment in Spain. The aims of this study were to establish the role of HEV infection and its phenotypic presentation in patients initially suspected of DILI and to determine the anti‐HEV seroprevalence rate.MethodsAn analysis of 265 patients with suspected DILI and considered for enrolment in the Spanish DILI Registry and 108 controls with normal liver profiles was undertaken. Anti‐HEV Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies were analysed in serum from all subjects. In those with serum samples extracted within 6 months from liver damage onset (n = 144), HEV antigen (Ag) and anti‐HEV IgM antibodies were tested in duplicate by ELISA. In addition, RT‐PCR was performed externally in eight patients.ResultsOut of 144 patients, 12 (8%) were positive for anti‐HEV IgM, mean age was 61 years. Underlying hepatic diseases (OR = 23.4, P < .001) and AST peak >20 fold upper limit of normal (OR = 10.9, P = .002) were associated with the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E. The overall anti‐HEV IgG seroprevalence rate was 35%, evenly distributed between patients with suspected DILI (34%), and controls (39%).ConclusionsHEV seroprevalence and acute hepatitis E rates are relatively high in Spain. A search for active HEV infection is therefore advised in patients assessed for suspicion of DILI, particularly in patients with underlying liver diseases and high transaminase levels.
Childhood adherence to a potentially healthy and sustainable Nordic diet and later overweight: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Authors: Agnihotri Neha , Øverby Nina Cecilie , Bere Elling , Wills Andrew Keith , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Hillesund Elisabet Rudjord 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe New Nordic Diet (NND) is a potentially healthy and sustainable dietary pattern represented by locally available and traditionally consumed foods in the Northern countries. The diet has been commonly examined in adult populations, but less is known regarding its potential associations with overweight/obesity in children. We have previously developed child diet scores measuring compliance to the NND at child age 6 and 18 months and 3 and 7 years. In this study, we aimed to describe child and maternal characteristics and assess potential associations between the age‐specific diet scores and child overweight at 8 years. This study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), including 14,989 mother–child pairs and uses data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). The scores measured NND compliance as a total score and categorized into low, medium and high NND compliance at each age point. Using logistic regression models, we investigated the association between each age‐specific score and the odds of overweight at 8 years. In crude analyses, adherence to the NND at 6 months was inversely associated with odds of overweight at 8 years in the continuous score (odds ratio = 0.95, 95% CI [0.91, 0.98]) and when comparing high versus low NND adherence (odds ratio = 0.81, 95% CI [0.70, 0.94]). The association was almost entirely attenuated in the adjusted models. In conclusion, child NND adherence up to 7 years of age was not associated with odds of overweight at 8 years in adjusted analyses.
The contribution of extrachromosomal DNA to genome plasticity in malaria parasites
Authors: Zhang Xu , Deitsch Kirk W. , Kirkman Laura A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMalaria caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum continues to impose significant morbidity and mortality, despite substantial investment into drug and vaccine development and deployment. Underlying the resilience of this parasite is its remarkable ability to undergo genome modifications, thus, providing parasite populations with extensive genetic variability that accelerates selection of drug resistance and limits the efficacy of most vaccines. This genome plasticity is rooted in the mechanisms of DNA repair that parasites employ to maintain genome integrity, a process skewed toward homologous recombination through the evolutionary loss of classical nonhomologous end joining. Repair of DNA double‐strand breaks have been shown to enable “shuffling” of antigen‐encoding gene sequences to vastly increase antigen diversity and to enable copy number expansion of genes that contribute to drug resistance. The latter phenomenon has been proposed to be a major contributor to the rise of resistance to several classes of antimalarial drugs. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, McDaniels and colleagues add yet another mechanism that malaria parasites use to reduce drug susceptibility by demonstrating that P. falciparum can maintain expanded arrays of drug resistance cassettes as stably replicating, circular, extrachromosomal DNAs, thus, expanding genome plasticity beyond the parasite’s 14 nuclear chromosomes.