bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of the Mexican taxa of Asteraceae in the family phylogeny
Authors: Rivera Patricia , Villaseñor José Luis , Terrazas Teresa , Panero José L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAsteraceae is the largest plant family in México with about 417 genera and 3113 species, and with more than 60% of them being endemic. Phylogenetic relationships at subfamily and tribal levels have been previously resolved employing both nuclear and plastid molecular markers. However, Asteraceae species native to Mexico have been underrepresented in such phylogenies. To tackle this issue, the taxon sampling of this study included 90 Asteraceae species native to México, four species from the Caribbean, 119 previously sequenced species, and six outgroups. With this sampling, all the Asteraceae subfamilies and all of the tribes recognized to date are represented. The analyzed dataset consisted of eleven chloroplast markers (atpB, matK, ndhC, ndhD, ndhF, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK, rbcL, trnL‐trnF, and 23S‐trnA). We present two phylogenetic reconstructions obtained by maximum likelihood and pseudocoalescent methods. Besides, we present a time‐calibrated phylogeny, which is used to infer the best configuration of diversification rate shifts. Our results show that Mexican species are distributed mainly in the subfamily Asteroideae (80 species), followed by Cichorioideae (6 species), Carduoideae (2 species), and Mutisioideae (2 species). Four net diversification rate shifts were found: One near the base of the tree and four within Asteroideae subfamily. Our extended sampling of the family with the representation of native species to Mexico allowed us to identify important events in the evolutionary history of the family.
“This is the worst that has happened to me in 86 years”: A qualitative study of the experiences of grandparents losing a grandchild due to a neurological or oncological disease
Authors: Flury Maria , Orellana‐Rios Claudia L. , Bergsträsser Eva , Becker Gerhild 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposePediatric palliative care focuses mainly on the children suffering from a life‐limiting disease, but always includes parents and siblings. However, grandparents are also often highly involved in caring for the child and require additional attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of grandparents during the end‐of‐life care and after the death of a grandchild.Design and MethodsA qualitative approach using semi‐structured interviews was chosen. Fifteen grandparents of 10 children who had died of neurological or oncological diseases were interviewed. Participants were recruited among the families cared by the pediatric palliative care team of a children's hospital in northern Switzerland. Grandparents were interviewed at least 1 year after the death of the grandchild. The data was analyzed employing reconstructive interview analysis.ResultsRegardless of the child's diagnosis and circumstances of death, the participants described how the child's death had a major impact on them and their entire family. Grandparents felt obligated to support the family and constantly be a source of support for the parents. They bore a heavy psychological burden as they cared and mourned not only for their dying grandchild but also for their own daughter or son. Grandparents struggled with their ability to communicate about disease and death. They tried to process and make sense of their loss by remembering the deceased child.Practice ImplicationsThese findings emphasize the importance of identifying and understanding grandparents' suffering. Pediatric palliative care teams can achieve this by actively making contact with grandparents, taking their concerns seriously and demonstrating appreciation for their role in supporting the family.
The effect of universal infant vaccination on the prevalence of hepatitis B immunity in adult solid organ transplant candidates
Authors: Koc Özgür M. , Kuypers Dirk , Dupont Lieven J , Vos Robin , Van Keer Jan M. , Van Cleemput Johan , Robaeys Geert , Oude Lashof Astrid , Kramer Matthijs , Verleden Geert , Verbeek Jef , Nevens Frederik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) immunity is recommended to optimize outcomes after solid organ transplantation (SOT). This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of HBV immunity at the time patients were placed on transplant waiting list over a period from 1997 to 2019 in a low HBV endemic region.MethodsData were obtained from the University Hospitals Leuven transplant database. Minors and patients with past/current HBV infection were excluded. From 1986, Belgian patients are covered by the universal infant vaccination; therefore, birth cohort was stratified in those born ≥1986 vs <1986.ResultsThe study population consisted of 3297 SOT candidates. HBV immunity rate was superior in renal transplant candidates (55.3%), and this number was 21.5%, 15.4% and 16.8% for liver, cardiac and pulmonary transplant candidates, respectively, P < .001. Among liver transplant candidates, HBV immunity rate was 14.8% in decompensated cirrhotic patients and 27.9% in those without advanced cirrhosis (P < .001). The overall immunity rate increased from 19.3% in period 1997‐2008 to 32.8% in 2009‐2019, P < .001. In multivariable analyses, younger age (odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97‐0.98, P < .001) and birth cohort ≥ 1986 (OR 95% CI: 1.18‐2.66, P = .006) were associated with increased HBV immunity.ConclusionAn increase in HBV immunity was observed over a 20‐year period related to the introduction of universal infant HBV vaccination. Nevertheless, this study highlights the low overall HBV immunity at the time of listing for organ transplantation and points out the need of an increased awareness and vaccination strategy at an early disease stage.
The sulfur budget and sulfur isotopic composition of Martian regolith breccia NWA 7533
Authors: Lorand Jean‐Pierre , Labidi Jabrane , Rollion‐Bard Claire , Thomassot Emilie , Bellucci Jeremy J. , Whitehouse Martin , Nemchin Alexander , Humayun Munir , Farquhar James , Hewins Roger H. , Zanda Brigitte , Pont Sylvain 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sulfur isotope budget of Martian regolith breccia (NWA 7533) has been addressed from conventional fluorination bulk rock analyses and ion microprobe in situ analyses. The bulk rock analyses yield 865 ± 50 ppm S in agreement with LA‐ICP‐MS analyses. These new data support previous estimates of 80% S loss resulting from terrestrial weathering of NWA 7533 pyrite. Pyrite is by far the major S host. Apatite and Fe oxyhydroxides are negligible S carriers, as are the few tiny igneous pyrrhotite–pentlandite sulfide grains included in lithic clasts so far identified. A small nonzero Δ33S (−0.029 ± 0.010‰) signal is clearly resolved at the 2σ level in the bulk rock analyses, coupled with negative CDT‐normalized δ34S (−2.54 ± 0.10‰), and near‐zero Δ36S (0.002 ± 0.09‰). In situ analyses also yield negative Δ33S values (−0.05 to −0.30‰) with only a few positive Δ33S up to +0.38‰. The slight discrepancy compared to the bulk rock results is attributed to a possible sampling bias. The occurrence of mass‐independent fractionation (MIF) supports a model of NWA 7533 pyrite formation from surface sulfur that experienced photochemical reaction(s). The driving force that recycled crustal S in NWA 7533 lithologies—magmatic intrusions or impact‐induced heat—is presently unclear. However, in situ analyses also gave negative δ34S values (+1 to −5.8‰). Such negative values in the hydrothermal setting of NWA 7533 are reflective of hydrothermal sulfides precipitated from H2S/HS‐ aqueous fluid produced via open‐system thermochemical reduction of sulfates at high temperatures (>300 °C).
Shock compaction heating and collisional processes in the production of type 3 ordinary chondrites: Lessons from the (nearly) unique L3 chondrite melt breccia Northwest Africa 8709
Authors: Ruzicka Alex M. , Friedrich Jon M. , Hutson Melinda L. , Strasser Juliette W. , Macke Robert J. , Rivers Mark L. , Greenwood Richard C. , Ziegler Karen , Pugh Richard N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 8709 is a rare example of a type 3 ordinary chondrite melt breccia and provides critical information for the shock compaction histories of chondrites. An L3 protolith for NWA 8709 is inferred on the basis of oxygen isotope composition, elemental composition, diverse mineral chemistry, and overall texture. NWA 8709 is among the most strongly shocked type 3 chondrites known, and experienced complete melting of the matrix and partial melting of chondrules. Unmelted phases underwent FeO reduction and partial homogenization, with reduction possibly occurring by reaction of olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene with an S‐bearing gas that was produced by vaporization. Chondrules and metal grains became foliated by uniaxial compaction, and during compression, chondrules and fragments became attached to form larger clumps. This process, and possibly also melt incorporation into chondrules to cause “inflation,” may have contributed to anomalously large chondrule sizes in NWA 8709. The melt breccia character is attributed to strong shock affecting a porous precursor. Data‐model comparisons suggest that a precursor with 23% porosity that was impacted by a 3 km/s projectile could have produced the meteorite. The rarity of other type 3 ordinary chondrite melt breccias implies that the immediate precursors to such chondrites were lower in porosity than the NWA 8709 precursor, or experienced weaker shocks. Altogether, the data imply a predominantly “quiet” dynamical environment to form most type 3 ordinary chondrites, with compaction occurring in a series of relatively weak shock events.
Argumentation, Adversariality, and Social Norms
Authors: Yap Audrey 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJanice Moulton's “The Adversary Method: A Philosophical Paradigm” articulated several criticisms of the popular idea of philosophy as adversarial debate. Moulton criticizes it on epistemic grounds, arguing that philosophy's overreliance on adversarial debate is to the detriment of its goals. Some, notably Trudy Govier, have argued in favor of at least a minimal adversariality, governed by norms of respectful argumentation. This paper suggests that Govier's faith in these norms is misplaced, because it neglects the social circumstances of the arguers. While some authors have argued that politeness and aggression apply differently to those of different genders, this paper extends that analysis to social identities other than gender. In fact, given certain assumptions about the philosophy of language, engagement in polite adversarial debate may not even be possible for people occupying certain social locations.
MiR‐98‐5p promotes ischemia/reperfusion‐induced microvascular dysfunction by targeting NGF and is a potential biomarker for microvascular reperfusion
Authors: Hu Yisen , Xiong Jingjie , Wen Hong , Wei Heng , Zeng Xiaocong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the correlation between serum miR‐98‐5p levels and indices of microvascular reperfusion in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) after ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Additionally, we evaluated the mechanisms by which miR‐98‐5p promoted ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced injury in both cultured cell lines and an animal model.MethodsCirculating miR‐98‐5p levels were measured and compared from 171 STEMI patients undergoing pPCI, who were divided into two groups: no‐reflow and reflow. The levels of miR‐98‐5p, nerve growth factor (NGF), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) were analyzed in cultured human coronary endothelial cells (HCECs) exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The effects of antagomir‐98‐5p on myocardial I/R‐induced microvascular dysfunction in vivo were evaluated. Target gene expression and activity were assessed.ResultsHigher miR‐98‐5p levels were associated with compromised indices of microvascular reperfusion. In vitro experiments on HCECs showed that exposure to H/R significantly increased miR‐98‐5p levels. We identified NGF as a novel target of miR‐98‐5p. Further, antagomir‐98‐5p relieved microvascular dysfunction and enhanced the expression of NGF and TRPV1 in the rat myocardial I/R model.ConclusionsMiR‐98‐5p promotes microvascular dysfunction by targeting the NGF‐TRPV1 axis. Serum miR‐98‐5p serves as a potential biomarker for microvascular reperfusion.
Revealing secrets of the enigmatic omega subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase
Authors: Kurkela Juha , Fredman Julia , Salminen Tiina A , Tyystjärvi Taina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe conserved omega (ω) subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the only nonessential subunit of bacterial RNAP core. The small ω subunit (7 kDa–11.5 kDa) contains three conserved α helices, and helices α2 and α3 contain five fully conserved amino acids of ω. Four conserved amino acids stabilize the correct folding of the ω subunit and one is located in the vicinity of the β′ subunit of RNAP. Otherwise ω shows high variation between bacterial taxa, and although the main interaction partner of ω is always β′, many interactions are taxon‐specific. ω‐less strains show pleiotropic phenotypes, and based on in vivo and in vitro results, a few roles for the ω subunits have been described. Interactions of the ω subunit with the β′ subunit are important for the RNAP core assembly and integrity. In addition, the ω subunit plays a role in promoter selection, as ω‐less RNAP cores recruit fewer primary σ factors and more alternative σ factors than intact RNAP cores in many species. Furthermore, the promoter selection of an ω‐less RNAP holoenzyme bearing the primary σ factor seems to differ from that of an intact RNAP holoenzyme.
Tip‐to‐base xylem conduit widening as an adaptation: causes, consequences, and empirical priorities
Authors: Olson Mark E. , Anfodillo Tommaso , Gleason Sean M. , McCulloh Katherine A. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn the stems of terrestrial vascular plants studied to date, the diameter of xylem water‐conducting conduits D widens predictably with distance from the stem tip L approximating D ∝ Lb, with b ≈ 0.2. Because conduit diameter is central for conductance, it is essential to understand the cause of this remarkably pervasive pattern. We give reason to suspect that tip‐to‐base conduit widening is an adaptation, favored by natural selection because widening helps minimize the increase in hydraulic resistance that would otherwise occur as an individual stem grows longer and conductive path length increases. Evidence consistent with adaptation includes optimality models that predict the 0.2 exponent. The fact that this prediction can be made with a simple model of a single capillary, omitting much biological detail, itself makes numerous important predictions, e.g. that pit resistance must scale isometrically with conduit resistance. The idea that tip‐to‐base conduit widening has a nonadaptive cause, with temperature, drought, or turgor limiting the conduit diameters that plants are able to produce, is less consistent with the data than an adaptive explanation. We identify empirical priorities for testing the cause of tip‐to‐base conduit widening and underscore the need to study plant hydraulic systems leaf to root as integrated wholes.
Bilateral harlequin syndrome, unilateral Horner syndrome, and Riga‐Fede disease as presenting features of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV
Authors: Alobaida Saud , Lam Joseph M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) type IV, also known as congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (OMIM 256800), is part of a family of neurodegenerative disorders that manifest with variable sensory and autonomic neuropathies. In this report, we present a unique dermatological finding in a patient with HSAN type IV: bilateral harlequin syndrome that occurred in association with unilateral Horner syndrome, traumatic alopecia and Riga‐Fede disease.
Childhood parental warmth and heart rate variability in midlife: Implications for health
Authors: Alen Nicholas V. , Sloan Richard P. , Seeman Teresa E. , Hostinar Camelia E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current study investigated high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV) as a potential mediator between childhood parental warmth and later health and mortality outcomes. Participants were 1,255 adults (56.9% female). Childhood parental warmth was reported retrospectively at mean age 46; resting HF‐HRV was measured at mean age 57; cardiovascular health and self‐evaluated health were assessed at mean ages 57 and 63, and mortality records extracted at mean age 63. Results revealed a positive association between childhood parental warmth and resting HF‐HRV, as well as associations between higher HF‐HRV and reduced risk of having a later cardiovascular health problem and of mortality by age 63. Mediation analyses revealed a small significant indirect effect of parental warmth, through HF‐HRV, on cardiovascular health.
DX5+NKT cells’ increase was correlated with liver damage in FVB mice not in BALB/c mice infected by Clonorchis sinensis
Authors: Bai Xuelian , Wang Nan , Zhou Jie , Cui Min , Jing Xuening , Liu Naiguo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsDX5+NKT cells’ distribution and population change in BALB/c and FVB mice infected by C sinensis and their function in liver damage were investigated.Methods and resultsMice were infected by Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae, and lymphocytes were isolated from the livers, spleens and peripheral blood. NK, DX5+NKT, INF‐γ+DX5+NKT cells and liver fibrosis were analysed. The DX5+NKT cells displayed the largest amount in normal BALB/c mice liver followed by peripheral blood and spleen. Although the hepatic DX5+NKT cells of BALB/c mice were more than that of FVB mice, they did not show significant percentage change after C sinensis infection. The hepatic DX5+NKT cells of FVB mice increased remarkably after infection accompanied with heavier liver injury and fibrosis than the BALB/c mice. And hydroxyproline content was also positively correlated with DX5+NKT cells only in FVB mice. However, the increase of IFN‐γ producing DX5+NKT cells was lower in FVB mice than in BALB/c mice which showed sharp increase with mild liver damage after infection. The frequencies of anti‐fibrotic NK cells were similar in both of the two mouse strains.ConclusionsC sinensis could induce different DX5+NKT cells responses in different mouse strains which may play roles in liver injury and fibrosis in FVB mice.
Molecular pathways regulating elongation of aerial plant organs: a focus on light, the circadian clock, and temperature
Authors: Favero David S. , Lambolez Alice , Sugimoto Keiko 
Published: September 2020

SummaryOrgans such as hypocotyls and petioles rapidly elongate in response to shade and temperature cues, contributing to adaptive responses that improve plant fitness. Growth plasticity in these organs is achieved through a complex network of molecular signals. Besides conveying information from the environment, this signaling network also transduces internal signals, such as those associated with the circadian clock. A number of studies performed in Arabidopsis hypocotyls, and to a lesser degree in petioles, have been informative for understanding the signaling networks that regulate elongation of aerial plant organs. In particular, substantial progress has been made towards understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate responses to light, the circadian clock, and temperature. Signals derived from these three stimuli converge on the BAP module, a set of three different types of transcription factors that interdependently promote gene transcription and growth. Additional key positive regulators of growth that are also affected by environmental cues include the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA‐105 (SPA) E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins. In this review we summarize the key signaling pathways that regulate the growth of hypocotyls and petioles, focusing specifically on molecular mechanisms important for transducing signals derived from light, the circadian clock, and temperature. While it is clear that similarities abound between the signaling networks at play in these two organs, there are also important differences between the mechanisms regulating growth in hypocotyls and petioles.
Identification of potential post‐ethylene events in the signaling cascade induced by stimuli of bud dormancy release in grapevine
Authors: Shi Zhaowan , Halaly‐Basha Tamar , Zheng Chuanlin , Sharabi‐Schwager Michal , Wang Chen , Galbraith David W. , Ophir Ron , Pang Xuequn , Or Etti 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYEthylene signaling appears critical for grape bud dormancy release. We therefore focused on identification and characterization of potential downstream targets and events, assuming that they participate in the regulation of dormancy release. Because ethylene responding factors (ERF) are natural candidates for targets of ethylene signaling, we initially characterized the behavior of two VvERF‐VIIs, which we identified within a gene set induced by dormancy release stimuli. As expected, these VvERF‐VIIs are localized within the nucleus, and are stabilized upon decreases in oxygen availability within the dormant buds. Less expected, the proteins are also stabilized upon hydrogen cyanamide (HC) application under normoxic conditions, and their levels peak at deepest dormancy under vineyard conditions. We proceeded to catalog the response of all bud‐expressed ERFs, and identified additional ERFs that respond similarly to ethylene, HC, azide and hypoxia. We also identified a core set of genes that are similarly affected by treatment with ethylene and with various dormancy release stimuli. Interestingly, the functional annotations of this core set center around response to energy crisis and renewal of energy resources via autophagy‐mediated catabolism. Because ERF‐VIIs are stabilized under energy shortage and reshape cell metabolism to allow energy regeneration, we propose that: (i) the availability of VvERF‐VIIs is a consequence of an energy crisis within the bud; (ii) VvERF‐VIIs function as part of an energy‐regenerating mechanism, which activates anaerobic metabolism and autophagy‐mediated macromolecule catabolism; and (iii) activation of catabolism serves as the mandatory switch and the driving force for activation of the growth‐inhibited meristem during bud‐break.