bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debonding characteristics of orthodontic brackets subjected to intraoral stresses under different adhesive regimes: An in-vitro study
Authors: Abdelaziz Khalid M , Alshahrani Ibrahim , Kamran Muhammad Abdullah , Alnazeh Abdullah 
Published: April 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effect of simulated intraoral hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical stresses on the debonding characteristics of orthodontic brackets under different adhesive regimes. Materials and methods: Groups of pre-coated (G1) and non-coated (G2) orthodontic metal brackets were bonded onto the buccal surfaces of 96 premolars using etch-and-rinse (SG1, n = 24) and self-etch (SG2, n = 24) primers. Twelve specimens (C1) from each subgroup were subjected to early debonding resistance tests, while the other twelve (C2) were used to test delayed debonding resistance after exposure to conditions simulating intraoral hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical stresses. The debonding resistance of the brackets was evaluated using a universal testing machine and the debonding patterns were micro-visualized to determine the adhesive remnant indexes of subgroups of specimens. Results: Within each group, the etch-and-rinse primer (SG1) resulted in higher debonding resistance than self-etch primers (SG2) ( p < 0.05), while there was no difference between non-stressed and stressed specimens ( p > 0.05). Within each category of test specimens, there was no difference between pre-coated (G1) and non-coated (G2) brackets ( p > 0.05). The tested specimens in all categories showed comparable adhesive remnant indexes. However, higher percentages of favorable scores (0 and 1) were obtained for all stressed specimens. Conclusions: Short-term cumulative intraoral stresses have no adverse effect on the debonding values of either pre-coated or non-coated brackets when either etch-and-rinse or self-etch primer is used for bonding. Exposure of the bonded brackets to different types of stress reflects favorable debonding patterns.
Structural and mechanical analysis of three orthodontic adhesive composites cured with different light units
Authors: Yılmaz Berza , Bakkal Meltem , Zengin Kurt Belma 
Published: April 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effects of three different curing units on the physical and mechanical features of three different orthodontic adhesive resin materials. Material and Methods: 45 specimens (5 mm in diameter, and 2 mm in thickness) of each of the three different adhesive composite resin materials (Transbond XT, Grēngloo™ Adhesive and Light Bond Paste) were cured with three different light units (a polywave third generation (Valo), a monowave (DemiUltra), and a second-generation LED (Optima 10)). To quantify degree of conversion (DC), the Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used in transmission mode (ALPHA FT-IR Spectrometer, Bruker Optics, Germany). Vickers hardness value was recorded under constant load 100 g for 10 s with a microhardness tester (HMV M-1, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan). The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. The level of significance was considered p < 0.05. Results: The highest DC values were obtained as a result of curing with Optima 10. This rate was followed by Demi Ultra and Valo, respectively. Transbond XT samples showed a lower level of conversion than the samples of Light Bond Paste and Grēngloo™ Adhesive. The top surfaces of each material showed higher hardness values than the bottom surfaces ( p < 0.05). The Light Bond Paste showed the highest hardness values both on the top and bottom surfaces among the three materials, followed by Grēngloo™ Adhesive. While the hardness values of the top surfaces of the samples cured with Demi Ultra and Valo light units were similar, higher hardness values are recorded with Valo on the bottom surfaces (Valo; 85.200/75.200 (top/bottom) versus Demi Ultra; 86.100/66.000 (top/bottom)). Conclusions: The different DC and the surface hardness properties were recorded for the resin as orthodontic adhesives depending on different light units. Shorter radiation time caused lower DC and surface hardness values.
Role of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) in Oro-Facial Tissue Regeneration: A Narrative Review
Authors: Deeb Modhi Al 
Published: April 2020

Background and Aim: Regeneration potential of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in oral tissues regeneration has revolutionized the clinical dentistry in recent years. The in vivo and in vitro research on PRP and PRF has opened a new avenue in the dentistry and medicinal care. It is a minimally invasive and cost-effective technique that will raise the bar of clinical dentistry. The results presently documented are overwhelming; the potential to use PRF and PRP in the clinical dentistry have improved dental quality, satisfaction, and clinical outcome. The aim of the review was to recapitulate the regenerative and healing potential of platelet extracts in different disciplines of clinical dentistry. Materials and Methods: The attempt was to answer the following question: what are the various clinical oral health applications for PRF and PRP available in the published literature? The dual functions (tissue sealants and drug delivery systems to carry biomolecules and chemotactic growth factors) have helped the practitioners to treat the complicated oral conditions and tissues regeneration. The PRF and plasma has emerged as a powerful therapeutic tool for management of soft and hard tissue healing and regenerative procedures, including implant osseointegration. More research is mandatory to use these platelets concentrate to their full potential in various clinical applications. Conclusion: PRF is an emerging therapeutic tool in the management of oral soft and hard tissue healing and regenerative procedures.
Clinical-based Scenario Questionnaire About Dentists’ Awareness of Tooth Avulsion Management in Riyadh City
Authors: Riyahi Abdullah Mahmoud , Myman Turki Al , Jarbou Fahd Al 
Published: April 2020

Aim: To evaluate the knowledge of general dentists in Riyadh city regarding tooth avulsion using a questionnaire that contained case-based questions. Materials and Methods: Case-based questionnaires were distributed amongst 128 dentists. The questionnaire contained 5 items on demographic data and 10 items on clinical cases. Participants selected the most appropriate answer on the basis of the American were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22, IBM Corp., New York). Results: The survey was completed with 74 percent males and 26 percent females. Most participants had freshly graduated and had not experienced any accident involving tooth avulsion. The overall mean score was 5.13 (standard deviation = 1.73). There were no significant differences in scores among the demographic categories. Conclusion: Freshly graduated dentists in Riyadh city demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge on management of avulsed teeth. Close adherence to AAE guidelines for traumatic dental injuries could result in further improvement.
Quiescent Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration After Endophthalmitis
Authors: Robbins Cason B. , Feng Henry L. , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This article describes eyes that achieved extended remission of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) following acute endophthalmitis. Methods: Adults who presented to the Duke Eye Center with acute endophthalmitis over a 9-year period and had at least 3 months of follow-up were identified. A retrospective review of medical records was performed to collect clinical data including demographic information, examination findings, etiology, treatment, and outcomes. Results: A total of 133 eyes of 130 patients with endophthalmitis were identified. Of these, 15 eyes of 14 patients (11.3%) were receiving intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections for NVAMD. Six of these 15 eyes (40%) did not require an anti-VEGF injection after endophthalmitis for a mean of 36.2 months. Endophthalmitis was injection-related in 5 of 6 eyes (83%) and Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device–related in 1 of 6 eyes (17%). Two of the 6 (33%) had culture-proven infectious endophthalmitis, whereas 4 of 6 (67%) had culture-negative endophthalmitis. Five of 6 eyes have required no anti-VEGF therapy to date; the remaining eye restarted intravitreal aflibercept therapy 9.3 months after endophthalmitis. Conclusions: Acute endophthalmitis may be associated with reduced activity of choroidal neovascularization in a subset of eyes with NVAMD.
Mepolizumab in a population with severe eosinophilic asthma and corticosteroid dependence: results from a French early access programme
Authors: Taillé Camille , Chanez Pascal , Devouassoux Gilles , Didier Alain , Pison Christophe , Garcia Gilles , Charriot Jeremy , Bouée Stéphane , Gruber Alina , Pribil Celine , Bourdin Arnaud , Humbert Marc 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundMepolizumab was available in France as part of an early access programme for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (nominativeautorisation temporaire d'utilisation[temporary use authorisation] (nATU)) before its commercialisation. This study aimed to characterise patients who received mepolizumab in the nATU.MethodsThis retrospective, observational study analysed data from the hospital medical records of patients up to 24 months after treatment initiation. Study objectives were to describe patient baseline characteristics, the evolution of disease severity and treatment modifications during follow-up; safety was also investigated.FindingsOverall, 146 patients who received ≥1 dose of mepolizumab were included. At inclusion, patients had a mean age of 58.2 years with a mean severe asthma duration of 13.4 years, and 37.0% had respiratory allergies. Patients experienced, on average, 5.8 exacerbations per patient per year at baseline, 0.6 and 0.5 of which required hospitalisation and emergency department visits, respectively. These values improved to 0.6, 0.1 and 0.1 exacerbations per patient per year, respectively, at 24 months of follow-up. Most patients (92.8%) were using oral corticosteroids at baseline, compared with 34.7% by 24 months of follow-up. Moreover, mean blood eosinophil counts improved from 722 cells·µL−1at baseline to 92 cells·µL−1at 24 months of follow-up; lung function and asthma control followed a similar trend.InterpretationResults confirm findings from clinical trials, demonstrating that mepolizumab is associated with important improvements in several clinically meaningful outcomes and has a favourable safety profile in a population with severe eosinophilic asthma, outside of the controlled environment of a clinical trial.
Effect of the parasympathetic vasodilation on temperature regulation via trigeminal afferents in the orofacial area
Authors: Ohke Hanako , Sato Toshiya , Mito Kohei , Terumitsu Makoto , Ishii Hisayoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe skin temperature (Tm) of the orofacial area influences orofacial functions and is related to the blood flow (BF). Marked increases in BF mediated by parasympathetic vasodilation may be important for orofacial Tm regulation. Therefore, we examined the relationship between parasympathetic reflex vasodilation and orofacial Tm in anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the lingual nerve (LN) elicited significant increases in BF and Tm in the lower lip. These increases were significantly reduced by hexamethonium, but not atropine. VIP agonist increased both BF and Tm in the lower lip. The activation of the superior cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) decreased BF and Tm in the lower lip; however, these decreases were significantly inhibited by LN stimulation. Our results suggest that parasympathetic vasodilation plays an important role in the maintaining the hemodynamics and Tm in the orofacial area, and that VIP may be involved in this response.
Intraoperative ventilator settings and their association with postoperative pulmonary complications in neurosurgical patients: post-hoc analysis of LAS VEGAS study
Authors:   FERS for the LAS VEGAS investigators, Robba Chiara ,   the PROtective VEntilation Network and the Clinical Trial Network of the European Society of Anaesthesiology, Hemmes Sabrine N. T. , Serpa Neto Ary , Bluth Thomas , Canet Jaume , Hiesmayr Michael , Hollmann M. Wiersma , Mills Gary H. , Vidal Melo Marcos F. , Putensen Christian , Jaber Samir , Schmid Werner , Severgnini Paolo , Wrigge Hermann , Battaglini Denise , Ball Lorenzo , Gama de Abreu Marcelo , Schultz Marcus J. , Pelosi Paolo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Limited information is available regarding intraoperative ventilator settings and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. The aim of this post-hoc analysis of the ‘Multicentre Local ASsessment of VEntilatory management during General Anaesthesia for Surgery’ (LAS VEGAS) study was to examine the ventilator settings of patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures, and to explore the association between perioperative variables and the development of PPCs in neurosurgical patients.

Methods
Post-hoc analysis of LAS VEGAS study, restricted to patients undergoing neurosurgery. Patients were stratified into groups based on the type of surgery (brain and spine), the occurrence of PPCs and the assess respiratory risk in surgical patients in Catalonia (ARISCAT) score risk for PPCs.

Results
Seven hundred eighty-four patients were included in the analysis; 408 patients (52%) underwent spine surgery and 376 patients (48%) brain surgery. Median tidal volume (VT) was 8 ml [Interquartile Range, IQR = 7.3–9] per predicted body weight; median positive end–expiratory pressure (PEEP) was 5 [3 to 5] cmH20. Planned recruitment manoeuvres were used in the 6.9% of patients. No differences in ventilator settings were found among the sub-groups. PPCs occurred in 81 patients (10.3%). Duration of anaesthesia (odds ratio, 1.295 [95% confidence interval 1.067 to 1.572]; p = 0.009) and higher age for the brain group (odds ratio, 0.000 [0.000 to 0.189]; p = 0.031), but not intraoperative ventilator settings were independently associated with development of PPCs.

Conclusions
Neurosurgical patients are ventilated with low VT and low PEEP, while recruitment manoeuvres are seldom applied. Intraoperative ventilator settings are not associated with PPCs.
Predicting hospitalisation-associated functional decline in older patients admitted to a cardiac care unit with cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Van Grootven Bastiaan , Jeuris Anthony , Jonckers Maren , Devriendt Els , Dierckx de Casterlé Bernadette , Dubois Christophe , Fagard Katleen , Herregods Marie-Christine , Hornikx Miek , Meuris Bart , Rex Steffen , Tournoy Jos , Milisen Koen , Flamaing Johan , Deschodt Mieke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Up to one in three of older patients who are hospitalised develop functional decline, which is associated with sustained disability, institutionalisation and death. This study developed and validated a clinical prediction model that identifies patients who are at risk for functional decline during hospitalisation. The predictive value of the model was compared against three models that were developed for patients admitted to a general medical ward.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was performed on two cardiac care units between September 2016 and June 2017. Patients aged 75 years or older were recruited on admission if they were admitted for non-surgical treatment of an acute cardiovascular disease. Hospitalisation-associated functional decline was defined as any decrease on the Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living between hospital admission and discharge. Predictors were selected based on a review of the literature and a prediction score chart was developed based on a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results
A total of 189 patients were recruited and 33% developed functional decline during hospitalisation. A score chart was developed with five predictors that were measured on hospital admission: mobility impairment = 9 points, cognitive impairment = 7 points, loss of appetite = 6 points, depressive symptoms = 5 points, use of physical restraints or having an indwelling urinary catheter = 5 points. The score chart of the developed model demonstrated good calibration and discriminated adequately (C-index = 0.75, 95% CI (0.68–0.83) and better between patients with and without functional decline (chi2 = 12.8, p = 0.005) than the three previously developed models (range of C-index = 0.65–0.68).

Conclusion
Functional decline is a prevalent complication and can be adequately predicted on hospital admission. A score chart can be used in clinical practice to identify patients who could benefit from preventive interventions. Independent external validation is needed.
Abdominal pain due to the spinothalamic tract injury in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a case report
Authors: Jang Sung Ho , Kwon Young Hyeon , Lee Sung Jun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
We report on a patient with a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) who developed abdominal pain due to spinothalamic tract (STT) injuries revealed by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).

Case presentation
A 53-year-old female patient suffered head trauma resulting from a backward fall. While bathing at a public bathhouse, she fell backward and struck the occipital area of her head against the floor. After the head trauma, she experienced pain in the abdomen and in both hands and feet. She underwent evaluations including conventional brain MRI, abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography, and stomach and intestine endoscopy. No abnormality was observed in her brain or abdomen. In addition, her abdominal pain had not been relieved by medical management. When she came to our hospital 4 years after the head trauma, her pain characteristics and severity were as follows: intermittent pain without allodynia or hyperalgesia; squeezing and warm creeping-like pain in the abdomen (visual analog scale score: 7); tingling pain in both hands and feet (visual analog scale score: 7). She was prescribed pregabalin and gabapentin, and her abdominal and limb pain was well-controlled at a tolerable level. On DTT 4 years after head trauma, the upper portion of the spinothalamic tracts (STTs) in both hemispheres showed partial tearing.

Discussion and conclusions
Injury of the STT was demonstrated by using DTT in a patient who showed abdominal pain that was refractory to medical management following mild TBI. Our results suggest that central pain due to STT injury might be suspected in patients with abdominal pain that is refractory to medical management following TBI.
Sedentary behavior patterns and adiposity in children: a study based on compositional data analysis
Authors: Gába Aleš , Pedišić Željko , Štefelová Nikola , Dygrýn Jan , Hron Karel , Dumuid Dorothea , Tremblay Mark 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundBetween-person differences in sedentary patterns should be considered to understand the role of sedentary behavior (SB) in the development of childhood obesity. This study took a novel approach based on compositional data analysis to examine associations between SB patterns and adiposity and investigate differences in adiposity associated with time reallocation between time spent in sedentary bouts of different duration and physical activity.MethodsAn analysis of cross-sectional data was performed in 425 children aged 7–12 years (58% girls). Waking behaviors were assessed using ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Multi-frequency bioimpedance measurement was used to determine adiposity. Compositional regression models with robust estimators were used to analyze associations between sedentary patterns and adiposity markers. To examine differences in adiposity associated with time reallocation, we used the compositional isotemporal substitution model.ResultsSignificantly higher fat mass percentage (FM%;βilr1 = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.34;p = 0.040) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT;βilr1 = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.71;p = 0.034) were associated with time spent in middle sedentary bouts in duration of 10–29 min (relative to remaining behaviors). No significant associations were found for short (< 10 min) and long sedentary bouts (≥30 min). Substituting the time spent in total SB with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with a decrease in VAT. Substituting 1 h/week of the time spent in middle sedentary bouts with MVPA was associated with 2.9% (95% CI: 1.2, 4.6), 3.4% (95% CI: 1.2, 5.5), and 6.1% (95% CI: 2.9, 9.2) lower FM%, fat mass index, and VAT, respectively. Moreover, substituting 2 h/week of time spent in middle sedentary bouts with short sedentary bouts was associated with 3.5% (95% CI: 0.02, 6.9) lower FM%.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that adiposity status could be improved by increasing MVPA at the expense of time spent in middle sedentary bouts. Some benefits to adiposity may also be expected from replacing middle sedentary bouts with short sedentary bouts, that is, by taking standing or activity breaks more often. These findings may help design more effective interventions to prevent and control childhood obesity.
Case report of sigmoid colon perforation and colocutaneous fistula due to retropubic midurethral sling placement for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Huang Xiao , Jiang Hai , Xie Liping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Sigmoid bowel perforation is a very rare and serious complication of the retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for female stress urinary incontinence. The complication can be avoided with the use of the correct manipulation technique.

Case presentation
A 75-year-old female patient underwent a retropubic TVT procedure in the local hospital for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The procedure was smooth. Two weeks after surgery, the patient began to complain of fever and bloody, purulent discharge from the left suprapubic skin wound. During a 4-month period after surgery, she was admitted to the local hospital 4 times for similar infection symptoms. The infections were temporarily controlled with antibiotic administration. The reason for the refractory infection of the left suprapubic skin wound was not identified until a foreign TVT mesh was found in the sigmoid colon via a colonoscopy. We diagnosed that the TVT mesh caused a sigmoid colon perforation that led to colocutaneous fistula. An exploratory laparotomy revealed that the TVT tape perforated into and out of the sigmoid colon. An 8-cm long left part of mesh was removed. Two ruptures of sigmoid colon were mended without the need for bowel resection. At the 4-years follow-up after laparotomy, the patient was doing well and still continent.

Conclusions
Urologists and gynecologists should be aware of the possibility of colon bowel injury in SUI patients with prior sling surgeries. Patient having recurrent suprapubic cutaneous infection may have high degree of suspicion of colon injury after TVT sling. The passage of the retropubic space procedure should be slow and always along the pubic bone according to the anatomy.