bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent transition of medical cost and relapse rate of multiple sclerosis in Japan based on analysis of a health insurance claims database
Authors: Kawachi Izumi , Okamoto Shuichi , Sakamoto Mariko , Ohta Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yusuke , Iwasaki Kosuke , Yoshida Manami , Hiroi Shinzo , Ogino Mieko 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to understand the trends in total and itemized medical expenses, especially of disease-modifying therapy (DMT), for multiple sclerosis (MS) in Japan through an analysis of health insurance claims data. Methods We analyzed a database containing health insurance claims data from hospitals that have adopted the Diagnosis Procedure Combination/Per-Diem Payment System in Japan. According to an algorithm based on diagnosis codes, data for all patients diagnosed with MS from April 2008 to July 2016 were extracted. Medical costs, rate of each medical treatment, and rate of relapses were analyzed by calendar-year. Medical costs in the month of relapse were compared with average medical costs per month of all MS patients by a cross-sectional analysis. Results 4,374 MS patients were identified in the database. Total medical cost per patient per month (PPPM) increased from \87,640 (US$787.7 or €723.0 as of May 2017) to \102,846 (US$924.4 or €848.4) during the study period. This increment was mainly attributed to the growth in cost of outpatient DMT prescriptions, which increased from \23,039 (US$207.1 or €190.1) to \51,351 (US$461.5 or €423.6). In contrast, the rate of hospitalizations and relapses PPPM decreased during the study period (from 0.053 to 0.030, and 0.032 to 0.019, respectively). Medical costs in the month of relapse (\424,661, US$3816.8 or €3503.1) were 3.57 times higher than the average monthly costs for all MS patients (\119,021, US$1069.8 or €981.8), with the majority comprising hospitalization cost. Conclusion Concomitant with the increased usage of DMT, the total medical cost for treating MS is increasing in Japan. However, rates of relapse and hospitalization have shown a decreasing trend. There is currently a lack of evidence for direct causality between DMT and reduction of relapse rates. However, even if DMT cannot be directly shown to be the cause of lower relapse rates and fewer hospitalizations among MS patients, a better quality of life for MS patients and a reduction in hospital costs have been achieved concomitantly with the increasing prevalence of DMT.
Peripheral T cell lymphoma after chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS): A case report
Authors: Liu Xiao-hang , Jin Fan , Zhang Meng , Liu Mei-xi , Wang Tao , Pan Bo-ju , Zhang Lu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory disorder in the central nervous system (CNS) with distinct clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics. The pathophysiology of CLIPPERS still remains unclear. Because a few cases about lymphoma mimicking the manifestations of CLIPPERS were reported and the prognosis of lymphoma is much worse, early identification of lymphoma is very important. Case presentation A 31-year-old woman was admitted with 3 months’ history of diplopia, dizziness, gait ataxia and right facial numbness. The diagnosis of CLIPPERS was established based on the finding of punctate enhancing lesions in the cerebellum, thalamus, pons, medulla, and midbrain region in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), together with the favorable clinical and radiological responses to corticosteroids. However, she was diagnosed as peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) by the pulmonary nodular and the skin biopsy almost 10 years later, and she got complete remission within 1 year after chemotherapy. Conclusion We report the first case of CLIPPERS developing PTCL-NOS. This case proposes that when brain biopsy was difficult to achieve, biopsies in extra-cerebral lesions under the assisting examination of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) can be helpful in further identification.
Cartografía de los paisajes: teoría y aplicación
Authors: Chávez Eduardo Salinas , Mateo Rodríguez José Manuel , Cavalcanti Lucas Costa de Souza , Braz Adalto Moreira 
Published: October 2019

El paisaje como concepto fundamental de integración en la Geografía, vuelve a tomar su papel en este nuevo siglo, caracterizado por la Globalización de la Economía y el Conocimiento y los Problemas Ambientales generados por siglos de explotación irracional de los recursos naturales de nuestro planeta y las consecuencias del Cambio Climático. Es en este contexto que presentamos aquí un análisis detallado de las principales etapas y escuelas que posibilitaron la consolidación de una teoría del paisaje como sistema integrado y su aplicación en diferentes ámbitos y regiones como parte de los esfuerzos por lograr la planificación y ordenamiento del territorio a diferentes niveles, acorde con los retos que este siglo XXI presenta para la sociedad humana, destacando el papel de la delimitación, clasificación y cartografía de las unidades de paisaje como premisa fundamental para su evaluación y conservación y las posibilidades del uso de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica, la Teledetección y la Estadística Multivariada.
Mejoramiento del mix de marketing en la empresa Vellísimo Center
Authors: Lamus-García Raquel Zoraya Lamus-García , Lamus-García Tibisay Milena 
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo general: Proponer estrategias para el mejoramiento del mix de marketing en la Empresa Vellísimo Center Paraguaná ubicada en Las Virtudes, Punto Fijo – estado Falcón. Teóricamente se sustentó en las concepciones que sobre mix de marketing exponen Kotler y Armstrong (2006) y Kotler (2008). La orientación metodológica es positivista con enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental de carácter descriptivo, orientado a la metodología de proyecto factible (Upel 2012), apoyada en una investigación de campo (Arias 2012). La unidad de análisis estuvo conformada por un universo poblacional igual a la muestra de 35 personas por ser menor de 50 individuos (Castro 2003), a los que se les aplicó una encuesta estructurada (Sabino, 2000), como técnica de indagación, cuyo instrumento fue elaborado con 28 preguntas dicotómicas o cerradas (Kendall & Kendall, 1995). Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron la tabulación, la descripción de frecuencias y la posterior aplicación y estudio de resultados mediante el uso de la estadística descriptiva para tales fines, los cuales arrojaron una alta correlación de valores que determinaron la necesidad de diseñar la estrategia propuesta, lo que le imprime un valor agregado que es el incremento de los ingresos económicos de la empresa por medio del crecimiento de las ventas y ganancias monetarias.
Gestión del talento humano desde la perspectiva de capacitación del personal y rendimiento laboral
Authors: Palma-Avellán Ana Manuela 
Published: October 2019

La investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar la gestión del talento humano desde la perspectiva de capacitación del personal y rendimiento laboral en la cooperativa RTML, teniendo como muestra poblacional 35 personas que laboran en la cooperativa objeto de estudio. Se evidencia que la mayoría encuestada, manifiesta que no existen en la cooperativa instrumentos que puedan medir el rendimiento laboral del talento humano; así mismo, no existen normas que indiquen los criterios de productividad exigidos por la cooperativa, como tampoco, le brindan capacitación con el fin de que mejores en la labor que realizas en la cooperativa. Al no contar con capacitación específica para el puesto de trabajo, se corre el riesgo de que la organización asuma que la persona tiene los conocimientos suficientes y actualizados para asumir eficazmente su labor; cuando podría no ser así.
Rancang Bangun Boost Converter Untuk Charging Baterai Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Bertenaga Surya
Authors: Soedjarwanto Noer 
Published: October 2019

Abstrak — Saat UAV melakukan suatu misi, UAV dituntut untuk memiliki durasi terbang yang lama sehingga misi yang dikerjakan akan bisa selesai. Durasi terbang yang pendek akan menyebabkan pekerjaan menjadi lebih lama selesainya. Konsumsi daya yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan kemampuan penyimpanan energinya yang terbatas, akan menyebabkan durasi terbang menjadi pendek. Salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan durasi penerbangan yaitu dengan menambahkan panel surya sebagai sumber energi tambahan. Dengan Adanya sumber energi lain yaitu menggunakan panel surya pada sistem charging baterai untuk menyuplai energi pada sistem daya di UAV, maka UAV dapat digunakan ke beban dan sekaligus dapat melakukan charging baterai. Sehingga durasi terbang dari UAV bertambah lebih lama dan memudahkan para pilot UAV atau pengguna UAV dalam melakukan charging baterai. Sistem charging baterai pada UAV bertenaga surya menggunakan DC-DC konverter yaitu boost converter. Boost converter dipilih karena dapat menghasilkan tegangan keluaran yang lebih besar dari tegangan sumber, dengan cara mengendalikan sinyal PWM (Pulse Widht Modulation). UAV tanpa panel surya hanya memiliki estimasi durasi terbang hanya 1 jam. Dengan menambah sistem charging baterai baterai pada UAV bertenaga surya estimasi durasi terbang menjadi 90 menit.
Kata kunci — UAV, DC-DC Konverter, Boost Converter , Panel Surya.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC MATTER AND TRICHODERMA VIRIDE FROM SUPPRESIVE SOIL TO CONTROL FUSARIUM WILT ON BANANA PLANT
Authors: Ivayani Ivayani , Ginting Cipta , Yusnita Yusnita , Dirmawati Suskandini Ratih 
Published: October 2019

Effectiveness of the application of organic matter and Trichoderma viride from suppresive soil to control fusarium wilt on banana plant. Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense is one of the problems in banana production. This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma viride isolated from suppresive soil and organic matter on controlling fusarium wilt on banana plant. The efficcacy trial consisted of 12 treatments and four replications within each treatment. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 plants. Organic matters used were rice straw, cassava peel, and compost. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by orthogonal analysis (P≤0.05). Application of T. viride suppressed disease incident up to 65%. The highest disease incident occurred in plants treated without T. viride and organic matter and in plants treated with organic matter only (78.33%). Disease incidence in plants treated with T.viride was lower than those treated with the combination of T. viride and organic matter. Different application times (in nursery or soil medium) did not significantly affect fusarium wilt incidence. The type of organic matter did not significantly affect the incidence and severity of fusarium wilt.
Pain and suffering as hermeneutical keys for the understanding of Weltanschauungen
Authors: Cortés Sánchez Francisco Javier 
Published: October 2019

The sociocultural variables influence the interpretation of pain and suffering. This fact leads to rethinking the way of understanding humans. In this article we reflect on pain and suffering from its symbolic dimension. In this way, Weltanschauungenis presented as a key to understanding and interpreting humans, taking pain and suffering as a starting point.
Conciencia moderna y experiencia de extrañamiento. Los vértigos de Antoine Roquentin
Authors: Puelles Romero Luis 
Published: October 2019

A partir de la Melancolía de Lucas Cranach de 1532, se indaga el linaje cartesiano de los vértigos de incertidumbre que sufre Antoine Roquentin, el protagonista de La náusea satreana. Se aborda en estas páginas cierto síndrome consistente en la dificultad de discernimiento entre cuanto sucede fuera de la conciencia y cuanto no es más que representación mental, para sostener que es esta ambigüedad la condición de posibilidad de la conciencia moderna, la de una conciencia sostenida en su misma contingencia.
La imagen (como) différance. Problemas y aportes
Authors: Vignola Jacopo 
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo se desarrolla a partir de una reconstrucción de los análisis de Roberto Rubio acerca de las dificultades en que incurre la oposición entre enfoque fenomenológico y semiótico, a la hora de aportar posibles soluciones al debate actual en filosofía de la imagen. Después de haber confrontado las perspectivas husserliana y heideggeriana con la teoría derridiana de la escritura, la referencia al arte de Duane Michals permitirá acercar el problema-imagen hacia el pensamiento de la diferencia y del acontecer diferencial, terreno icónico en donde el juego inestable e indefinido de las oposiciones produce toda posibilidad de efecto semántico.
PZL-10 Turboshaft Engine–System Design Review
Authors: Czarnecki Michal , Olsen John , Ma Ruixian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The PZL – 10-turboshaft gas turbine engine is straight derivative of GTD-10 turboshaft design by OKMB (Omsk Engine Design Bureau). Prototype engine first run take place in 1968. Selected engine is interested platform to modify due gas generator layout 6A+R-2, which is modern. For example axial compressor design from successful Klimov designs TB2-117 (10A-2-2) or TB3-117 (12A-2-2) become obsolete in favour to TB7-117B (5A+R-2-2). In comparison to competitive engines: Klimov TB3-117 (1974 – Mi-14/17/24), General Electric T-700 (1970 – UH60/AH64), Turbomeca Makila (1976 – II225M) the PZL-10 engine design is limited by asymmetric power turbine design layout. This layout is common to early turboshaft design such as Soloview D-25V (Mil-6 power plant). Presented article review base engine configuration (6A+R+2+1). Proposed modifications are divided into different variants in terms of design complexity. Simplest variant is limited to increase turbine inlet temperature (TIT) by safe margin. Advanced configuration replace engine layout to 5A+R+2-2 and increase engine compressor pressure ratio to 9.4:1. Upgraded configuration after modification offers increase of generated power by 28% and SFC reduction by 9% – validated by gas turbine performance model. Design proposal corresponds to a major trend of increasing available power for helicopter engines – Mi-8T to Mi-8MT – 46%, H225M – Makila 1A to 1A2 — 9%), Makila 1A2 to Makila 2-25%.
Calculation Reliability of Natural Vibrations of Ship Hull and Superstructure
Authors: Van Doan Do , Murawski Lech 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ship hull vibration has a great impact on the performance, safety of the devices, structures, and the sailor's comfort when working on the ship. With increases in ship sizes and speeds, shipboard vibration becomes a significant concern in the design and construction of ships. Therefore, designing a ship without any excessive vibration is an important issue and should be studied through analysis right in the design phase. To ensure minimum vibration in a proposed new design; avoid damage to structures, machinery or equipment (mechanically suitable); meeting the requirements of the crew's living environment and working conditions. The ship's natural vibrations are determined to right from the design stage, which will help ship designers and structures avoid dangerous resonance areas. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model representing the entire ship hull, including the deckhouse and machinery propulsion system, has been developed using numerical modelling implemented in Patran-Nastran software for local and global vibration analyses of the container ship 2000 TEU. Vibration analyses have been conducted under two conditions: free–free (dry) and in-water (wet). The wet analysis has been implemented using Mfluid elements in Nastran software. Because of the global ship free vibration analysis, global natural frequencies and mode shapes have been determined. Combined with the frequency of the main engine and the propeller, the resonant regions with higher frequencies are determined by the resonant graph of the hull. The application of the finite element method for ship vibration analysis shows the optimal of numerical modelling method compared to other traditional methods. This will help other technical problems to be solved with the support of the finite element method.
Thrust Control Systems of Propulsion and their Verification on Dynamically Positioned Vessels
Authors: Herdzik Jerzy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thrust vector control systems of propulsion systems of dynamic positioning vessels are commonly applied on vessels with DP2 and DP3 class of DP. It was submitted the ways of providing information to dynamic positioning operator DPO about detecting of suspicion of failure in specific thruster and shown the ways of response in such situations. In the case of failure and shut down one of working thrusters, it must be done the possibility assessment of continuation of DP system safe operation. If such situation is not possible, it should be considered the work of DP system on limitations. It was indicated on safety threats during operation of DP systems resulting from system failure or even the design faults. It commonly applies the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA or FMECA) from the design phase through sea trials until to the verification process during operation. It allows the elimination of majority of faults in the DP systems. It was communicated the basic conditions of safe operation of vessels with DP systems and the examples of conditions which releasing the readiness signal of DP propulsion system elements. Observed development of control and automatics systems will result in increasing the safety of DP systems operation.
Distribution of Masses and Presses on Axles and Wheels and Vehicles' Properties
Authors: Rybak Piotr , Wiśniewski Andrzej 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the most important parameters affecting traction properties as well as driving safety, especially with regard to vehicles with special purpose, is the distribution of wheel and axle loads on the ground. This issue should be taken into account during the process of creating new vehicles as well as during the modernization process. In the first case, it is quite simple because the mass distribution is shaped already in the design phase. In the second case, the problem is more complex, because with modernization solutions we enter an already existing structure. Modernization basically assumes improving the performance and capabilities of the vehicle with possibly small changes in its base structure. Thus, it imposes important boundary conditions. The article presents the methodology of measurement and selected results of measurements of mass distribution as well as wheel and axle loads of selected motor vehicles during their advanced modernization (STAR 266 cars to the version STAR 266M2 and Honker 2000 to the version Honker M-AX). Modernizations carried out by Autobox Innovations Ltd. Lim. Par are mainly focused on increasing the traction of vehicles, traffic safety, and driving comfort. Measurements were made at the above-mentioned company.
Computational Simulation of Fully Trimmed Flight of a Helicopter in Hover
Authors: Stalewski Wieńczysław , Zalewski Wiesław , Surmacz Katarzyna , Pulfer Maximilian , Hirsch Frieder 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In trimmed flight of a helicopter, all the forces and moments, aerodynamic, inertial, and gravitational, are in balance. Keeping the helicopter in trimmed state, needs a precise adjustment of flight controls. The methodology of simulation of a fully trimmed flight of rotorcraft has been developed and applied to simulate hover of a helicopter.
The presented approach is based on a solution of Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations. In contrast to typical solutions of such problem, in the newly developed methodology, the flight controls corresponding to the trimmed-flight conditions are also determined based on the solution of URANS equations.
The methodology is based on coupling of several computational models of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Flight Dynamic. The URANS equations are solved in a three-dimensional region surrounding the flying helicopter, using the ANSYS FLUENT code. The approach is truly three-dimensional, with truly modelled geometry and kinematics of main and tail rotor blades. This applies to modelling of blade flapping and lead-lag motion, too.
The trimming procedure uses six independent parameters (i.e. collective and cyclic pitch of main rotor blades, collective pitch of tail rotor blades, pitch, and bank angles of a helicopter) that should be adjusted so as to balance all forces and moments acting on the helicopter.
The detailed description of the developed methodology as well as the results of simulation of trimmed hover of the helicopter was presented.
An Attempt to Reduce the Emission of Spark-Ignition Engine with Mixtures of Bioethanol and Gasoline as Substitute Fuels
Authors: Gis Wojciech , Gis Maciej , Wiśniowski Piotr , Bednarski Mateusz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines.
The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined.
On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.