bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study to compare axial position stability after fellow-eye implantation of 2 distinct intraocular lens designs
Authors: Hienert Julius , Hirnschall Nino , Ruiss Manuel , Ullrich Marlies , Zwickl Hannah , Findl Oliver 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To compare the dynamics of axial intraocular lens (IOL) position and stability in the capsular bag after fellow-eye implantation of a 1-piece C-loop and a 4-point haptic IOL.

Setting:
Hanusch Hospital, Vienna.

Design:
Prospective, comparative, randomized bilateral study.

Methods:
One hundred eyes of 50 patients were randomly implanted with a C-loop IOL (CT LUCIA 611P) in 1 eye and a 4-point haptic IOL (CT ASPHINA 409MP) in the other eye. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured at 1 week (W1), 1 month (M1), and 4 to 6 months (M4-6) postoperatively using a swept-source optical coherence tomography device (IOLMaster 700). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity, and subjective refraction outcomes were assessed at M4-6 postoperative follow-up.

Results:
Hundred eyes of 50 patient were included. Pseudophakia ACD values at W1, M1, and M4-6 timepoints were significantly different in eyes implanted with the C-loop IOL compared with the 4-point haptic IOL (P < .001). The overall IOL shift was 0.25 ± 0.16 mm for the 4-point haptic IOL and 0.14 ± 0.09 mm for the C-loop IOL (P < .001). The M4-6 mean monocular UDVA outcome for eyes with C-loop IOL was 0.06 ± 0.14 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and 0.03 ± 0.10 logMAR for the eyes with 4-point haptic IOL. M4-6 mean spherical equivalent was −0.32 ± 0.48 diopter (D) in the C-loop IOL group and −0.33 ± 0.42 D in the 4-point haptic IOL group.

Conclusions:
Statistically significant differences in IOL design results in different postoperative ACD values. No relevant or statistically significant differences were found in refraction or visual acuity between the groups.
Effect of residual astigmatism on uncorrected visual acuity and patient satisfaction in pseudophakic patients
Authors: Schallhorn Steven C. , Hettinger Keith A. , Pelouskova Martina , Teenan David , Venter Jan A. , Hannan Stephen J. , Schallhorn Julie M. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of residual astigmatism on postoperative visual acuity and satisfaction after intraocular lens (IOL) surgery.

Setting:
Private practice, United Kingdom.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
Postoperative data of patients who had previously undergone refractive lens exchange or cataract surgery were used in a multivariate regression model to assess the effect of residual astigmatism on 3 months postoperative monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and patient satisfaction. The analysis was based on residual refraction in the dominant eye of each patient. Odds ratios were calculated to demonstrate the effect of increasing residual astigmatism on UDVA and satisfaction with separate calculations for monofocal and multifocal IOLs.

Results:
Three months postoperative outcomes of 17 152 dominant eyes were used in multivariate regression analysis. Compared with eyes with 0.00 diopter (D) residual astigmatism, the odds of not achieving 20/20 vision in eyes with 0.25 to 0.50 D residual astigmatism increased by a factor of 1.7 and 1.9 (P < .0001) in monofocal and multifocal IOLs, respectively. For the residual astigmatism 0.75 to 1.00 D, the odds ratio for not achieving 20/20 vision compared with eyes with no astigmatism was 6.1 for monofocal and 6.5 for multifocal IOLs (P < .0001). The effect of residual astigmatism on satisfaction was more evident at the 0.75 to 1.00 D level, where the odds of not being satisfied with vision increased by a factor of 2.0 and 1.5 in patients with monofocal and multifocal IOLs, respectively (P < .0001). The orientation of astigmatism was not a significant predictor in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:
Multivariate analysis in a large population of patients demonstrated that low levels of residual astigmatism can degrade visual acuity. Corneal astigmatism of 0.50 D or greater should be included in surgical planning.
New methodology for measuring intraocular lens performance using acuity reserve
Authors: Lapid-Gortzak Ruth , Bala Chandra , Schwiegerling Jim , Suryakumar Rajaraman 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To validate a new methodology of intraocular lens (IOL) assessment using acuity reserve analysis via area under the curve (AUC) to assess intermediate vision.

Setting:
Study 1 was conducted at 17 sites in Australia, Chile, and Europe. Study 2 was conducted at 15 sites in Australia, Brazil, and Europe.

Design:
Post hoc analyses of defocus curve results from 2 clinical trials (study 1: single-arm investigation of the AcrySof IQ PanOptix Trifocal IOL [model TFNT00; Alcon Research LLC]; study 2: comparative investigation of AcrySof PanOptix Trifocal IOL vs the AT LISA Trifocal IOL [model 839MP; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG]).

Methods:
Acuity reserve was calculated using AUC compared with visual demand (logMAR) at various distances. Study 1 validated the model; study 2 compared acuity reserve, for a range of defocus levels, for the 2 IOLs.

Results:
The defocus curve (study 1 [149 patients; 298 eyes]) showed good visual acuity (ie, >20/25) at all defocus levels; the AUC estimate showed 2 lines or more of reserve at −2.50 diopters. Comparative post hoc analysis (study 2 [182 patients]) demonstrated significantly improved acuity reserve with PanOptix IOL vs AT LISA IOL at 20 to 40 days postoperatively (P < .001) and 120 to 180 days postoperatively (P < .001).

Conclusions:
Acuity reserve analysis using AUC represents a new methodology for comparative IOL assessment, providing additional detail beyond defocus curve analysis. This method demonstrated that the PanOptix Trifocal IOL was superior to the AT LISA Trifocal IOL (model 839MP) for visual acuity at near to intermediate distances with visual acuity reserve analysis.
Nanocurcumin as an Add-on to Antipsychotic Drugs for Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Hosseininasab Masumeh , Zarghami Mehran , Mazhari Shahrzad , Salehifar Ebrahim , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Fariborzifar Arghavan , Babaeirad Sareh , Hendouei Narjes 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose/Background
It is well documented that one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia is hypofunction of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of nanocurcumin as an adjuvant agent on psychotic symptoms, especially negative symptoms, in patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Methods/Procedures
Fifty-six inpatients with stable chronic schizophrenia and predominant negative symptoms were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to nanocurcumin soft gel capsule (160 mg/d) and control groups, along with their antipsychotic regimen for 16 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Clinical Global Impressions—Severity, and Clinical Global Impressions—Improvement scales. Extrapyramidal symptoms were evaluated by Simpson-Angus Scale and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale. Patients were assessed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 after the medication started.

Findings/Results
No significant differences were observed in demographic or clinical variables between both groups at baseline. The nanocurcumin group showed significantly greater improvement on the negative subscale (P = 0.05), the general psychopathology subscale (P < 0.001), the positive subscale (P = 0.004), total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (P < 0.001), Clinical Global Impressions—Severity (P < 0.001), and Clinical Global Impressions—Improvement scores (P < 0.001) in comparison with the control group at the endpoint. Extrapyramidal symptom rating scales and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and frequency of other adverse effects were comparable between 2 groups.

Implications/Conclusions
The present study indicates nanocurcumin as a safe and potential adjunctive treatment strategy for treatment of primary negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Does Propulsive Force Asymmetry during Gait Provide Additional Objective Functional Information to Augment the Traditional Assessment of Prosthetic Fit?
Authors: White Hank , Jacobs Cale , Augsburger Sam , Miller Eric , Walker Janet , Iwinski Henry 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A poorly fitting prosthesis can cause pain and result in a less efficient and a less symmetrical gait pattern for children with amputations; however, fit is generally determined by subjective patient reports of discomfort and/or clinical observation when walking. The purpose of this study was to determine if peak propulsive forces during gait provide clinically relevant objective information to augment the traditional prosthesis fit assessment.

Materials and Methods
This prospective study compares propulsive force asymmetry with traditional assessments of prosthesis fit. Subjects were between 4 and 21 years of age, with unilateral lower-limb deficiencies, currently wearing the same prosthesis for at least 1 year, and able to walk independently without an assistive device. The absolute asymmetry indexes of peak propulsive forces between the involved and uninvolved limbs were calculated from force data collected from three trials of overground walking at a self-selected velocity. Asymmetry indexes greater than 36.4% were considered clinically meaningful and were associated with poor prosthesis function. A physician and/or a prosthetist, blinded to the results of the gait assessments, then determined the quality of prosthesis fit.

Results
Thirty-one subjects (20 males, 11 females; mean age, 13.1 years) participated. The traditional prosthetic fit assessment identified 13 prostheses as properly fitting and 18 as poorly fitting. Peak propulsive force asymmetry exceeded the threshold of 36.4% for 15 subjects and categorized as functioning poorly. The proportion of positive agreement of correct fit and correct function was 71% (κ coefficient = 0.42).

Conclusions
Peak propulsive force asymmetries offer clinically meaningful objective functional data to augment the traditional fit assessment.
Postoperative Recurrent Cholesteatoma in Rural Versus Urban Populations
Authors: Kennedy Kenneth L. , Connolly Kevin M. , Albert Christy L. , Goldman Julie L. , Cash Elizabeth D. , Severtson Mark Allen 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
Chronic ear disease presents a unique challenge to otolaryngologists in both rural and urban settings. Cholesteatoma remains a difficult disease to treat in rural populations due to limited healthcare access and high risk of recurrence. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in surgical outcomes among patients with acquired cholesteatoma residing in rural versus urban settings.

Study Design:
Single-surgeon retrospective case series with chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary care private otolaryngology practice.

Patients:
One hundred twenty-two patients presenting to the Kentuckiana ENT otology and neurotology practice from January 2011 to May 2017.

Main Outcome Measures:
Surgical outcomes including recurrence, air-bone gap improvement, ossicular integrity, and complications were reviewed and compared between the rural and urban cohorts.

Results:
Presence of postoperative residual cholesteatoma (OR = 8.667, 95% CI = 2.022–37.141, p = 0.008) and number of surgeries per patient (OR = 5.185, 95% CI = 1.086–24.763, p = 0.024) were significantly increased among patients in rural nonmetropolitan areas. No significant differences were found when comparing risk of recurrence, size of cholesteatoma, presence of complications, air-bone gap improvement, and ossicular chain integrity. There were significantly more second-look surgeries performed in privately insured patients (OR = 8.582, 95% CI = 1.937–38.017, p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients in rural communities have an increased number of surgeries and postoperative risk for residual cholesteatoma compared to patients residing in urban settings. This study provides the basis for larger, multicenter, prospective examinations of outcomes among urban versus rural patients, which would enable a better understanding of difference in surgical outcomes between rural and urban cohorts.
Level of Evidence: IV
Microbiome of the Healthy External Auditory Canal
Authors: Sjövall Atte , Aho Velma T.E. , Hyyrynen Taneli , Kinnari Teemu J. , Auvinen Petri , Silvola Juha , Aarnisalo Antti , Laulajainen-Hongisto Anu 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To investigate the microbiota of the healthy external auditory canal (EAC) culture-independently and to evaluate the usefulness of the swabbing method in collecting EAC microbiota samples.

Study Design:
Cohort study.

Patients:
Fifty healthy asymptomatic working-age volunteers.

Intervention:
Samples were harvested with DNA-free swabs from the volunteers’ EACs.

Main Outcome Measures:
Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the microbial communities in the samples.

Results:
The swabbing method is feasible for EAC microbiota sample collection. The analyzed 41 samples came from 27 female and 14 male subjects; 4 samples were excluded due to recent antimicrobial treatment and 5 because of low sequence count or suspected contaminant microbes. The four most frequent amplicon sequence variants in the microbiota data were Staphylococcus auricularis, Propionibacterium acnes, Alloiococcus otitis, and Turicella otitidis. Typically, the dominant amplicon sequence variant in a sample was one of the most frequent bacteria, but there were also subjects where the dominant species was not among the most frequent ones. The genus Alloiococcus was least common in females who reported cleaning their ears. Subjects with a high relative abundance of Alloiococcus typically had a low abundance of Staphylococcus, which may be a sign of the two being competing members of the microbial community.

Conclusions:
The most common bacteria in the microbiome of the healthy EAC were Staphylococcus auricularis, Propionibacterium acnes, Alloiococcus otitis, and Turicella otitidis. The EAC microbiota seems more diverse and individualized than previously thought. Also, ear cleaning habits seem to alter the EAC microbiome.
Nonauditory Functions in Low-performing Adult Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Völter Christiane , Oberländer Kirsten , Carroll Rebecca , Dazert Stefan , Lentz Benjamin , Martin Rainer , Thomas Jan Peter 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Despite substantial benefits of cochlear implantation (CI) there is a high variability in speech recognition, the reasons for which are not fully understood. Especially the group of low-performing CI users is under-researched. Because of limited perceptual quality, top-down mechanisms play an important role in decoding the speech signal transmitted by the CI. Thereby, differences in cognitive functioning and linguistic skills may explain speech outcome in these CI subjects.

Material and Methods:
Fifteen post-lingually deaf CI recipients with a maximum speech perception of 30% in the Freiburger monosyllabic test (low performer = LP) underwent visually presented neurocognitive and linguistic test batteries assessing attention, memory, inhibition, working memory, lexical access, phonological input as well as automatic naming. Nineteen high performer (HP) with a speech perception of more than 70% were included as a control. Pairwise comparison of the two extreme groups and discrimination analysis were carried out.

Results:
Significant differences were found between LP and HP in phonological input lexicon and word retrieval (p = 0.0039∗∗). HP were faster in lexical access (p = 0.017∗) and distinguished more reliably between non-existing and existing words (p = 0.0021∗∗). Furthermore, HP outperformed LP in neurocognitive subtests, most prominently in attention (p = 0.003∗∗). LP and HP were primarily discriminated by linguistic performance and to a smaller extent by cognitive functioning (canonic r = 0.68, p = 0.0075). Poor rapid automatic naming of numbers helped to discriminate LP from HP CI users 91.7% of the time.

Conclusion:
Severe phonologically based deficits in fast automatic speech processing contribute significantly to distinguish LP from HP CI users. Cognitive functions might partially help to overcome these difficulties.
Universal Prenatal Screening and Testing and Chlamydia trachomatis Conjunctivitis in Infants
Authors: Kohlhoff Stephan , Roblin Patricia M. , Clement Sheinese , Banniettis Natalie , Hammerschlag Margaret R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We retrospectively reviewed all infant Chlamydia trachomatis eye cultures submitted to the Chlamydia Research Laboratory from 1986 to 2002. The positivity rate was 15.6% during the period before the implementation of universal prenatal screening (1986–1993) compared with 1.8% during the screening period (1994–2002).
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Association With Area-Level Prostitution and Drug-Related Arrests
Authors: Magee Lauren A. , Fortenberry James Dennis , Nelson Tammie , Roth Alexis , Arno Janet , Wiehe Sarah E. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the mediators and moderators of area-level prostitution arrests and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) using population-level data.

Methods
Using justice and public health STI/HIV data in Marion County (Indianapolis), Indiana, during an 18-year period, we assessed the overall association of area-level prostitution and drug-related arrests and STI/HIV, and mediators and moderators of the relationship. Point-level arrests were geocoded and aggregated by a census block group.

Results
Results indicate a positive relationship between numbers of prostitution arrests and area-level STI rates. There was a dose-response relationship between prostitution arrests and STI rates when accounting for drug-related arrests. The highest quintile block groups had significantly higher rates of reported chlamydia (incident rate ratio [IRR], 3.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.82–3.84), gonorrhea (IRR, 4.73; 95% CI, 3.90–5.57), syphilis (IRR, 4.28; 95% CI, 3.47–5.29), and HIV (IRR, 2.76; 95% CI, 2.24–3.39) compared with the lowest quintile. When including drug arrests, the second (IRR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03–1.38) and the third (IRR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02–1.41) highest quintile block groups had lower IRR for reported rates of chlamydia, indicating that drug arrests mediated the prostitution arrest effect.

Conclusions
These findings inform public health agencies and community-based organizations that conduct outreach in these areas to expand their efforts to include harm reduction and HIV/STI testing for both sex workers and individuals experiencing substance use disorder. Another implication of these data is the importance of greater collaboration in public health and policing efforts to address overlapping epidemics that engage both health and legal interventions.
Performance of Sexually Transmitted Disease Laboratories for Chlamydia trachomatis Detection in Guangdong, China
Authors: Su Xin , Qin Xiaolin , Chen Wentao , Yu Xueyin , Liao Yiwen , Xu Qingqing , Xue Yaohua , Huang Jinmei , Zheng Heping 
Published: December 2020

Background

Chlamydia trachomatis detection plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and treatment of C. trachomatis infection. In the current study, the capability of sexually transmitted disease (STD) laboratories to detect C. trachomatis was investigated in Guangdong, China.

Methods
An external quality assessment panel, including 5 positive samples with different C. trachomatis loads and 2 negative samples was distributed to 654 participating laboratories in October 2019, and the test results were analyzed by Guangdong Central STD Laboratory. The use of various C. trachomatis detection methods in Guangdong from 2015 to 2019 was also retrospectively investigated.

Results
Of the 654 participating STD laboratories, 559 (85.47%) used immune chromatographic-rapid diagnostic tests (IC-RDTs) to detect C. trachomatis in 2019, and 95 (14.53%) used nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). The rate of NAATs use increased approximately 4-fold from 2015 to 2019. The sensitivity of IC-RDTs decreased markedly from 97.32% to 30.89% with decreasing C. trachomatis load, whereas that of NAATs was 97.62% to 100% in all positive samples. With respect to negative samples the specificity of IC-RDTs was 97.13% to 97.30% and that of NAATs was 98.95% to 100%. Laboratories using IC-RDTs were less likely to detect C. trachomatis than those using NAATs in samples with C. trachomatis loads of 20000 copies/mL or less (P < 0.0001). Further analysis indicated no significant difference (P > 0.05) in detection rate among the 4 IC-RDT assays commonly used by the participating laboratories.

Conclusions
Immune chromatographic-rapid diagnostic tests are commonly used for C. trachomatis detection by many laboratories in Guangdong, but their low sensitivity may lead to missed diagnoses. Nucleic acid amplification tests exhibit high sensitivity and specificity and should be recommended for C. trachomatis detection in STD laboratories.
Evaluation of the Ossification Stage of Proximal Humeral Epiphysis by 1.5-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Determination of Skeletal Age
Authors: Cekdemir Yasin Ertug , Mutlu Uygar , Karaman Gokce , Guleryuz Handan 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the skeletal age can be evaluated assessed by means of analysis of ossification stage at proximal humeral epiphysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
This retrospective study was carried out in the radiology department of a tertiary healthcare center and 1.5-T MRI views of the shoulder obtained from 203 patients aged 8 to 29 years were evaluated. The ossification stage of proximal humeral epiphysis was evaluated on T1-weighted MRI sequences, and its correlation with age was sought.

Results
Our series consisted of 77 women (37.9%) and 126 men (62.1%). One hundred forty-seven right humerus (72.4%) and 56 (27.6%) left humerus were examined. The mean age of the patients was 20.60 ± 4.41 years. The patients were in stages 4 (n = 148, 72.9%), 3c (n = 18, 8.9%), 3b (n = 14, 6.9%), 2c (n = 13, 6.4%), and 3a (n = 10, 4.9%). Analysis of the relationship between age and ossification stage of proximal humerus epiphysis indicated that stage increased with the advancement of age. There was a significant correlation between the stage and age variables at a rate of 77% in the positive direction (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that MRI of proximal humeral epiphysis can have valuable implications for estimation of the skeletal age. Future prospective studies must be implemented with patients grouped according to socioeconomic status, nutritional habits, and physical activities to explore the actual investigative potential of MRI.