bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiking neurons from tunable Gaussian heterojunction transistors
Authors: Beck Megan E. , Shylendra Ahish , Sangwan Vinod K. , Guo Silu , Gaviria Rojas William A. , Yoo Hocheon , Bergeron Hadallia , Su Katherine , Trivedi Amit R. , Hersam Mark C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpiking neural networks exploit spatiotemporal processing, spiking sparsity, and high interneuron bandwidth to maximize the energy efficiency of neuromorphic computing. While conventional silicon-based technology can be used in this context, the resulting neuron-synapse circuits require multiple transistors and complicated layouts that limit integration density. Here, we demonstrate unprecedented electrostatic control of dual-gated Gaussian heterojunction transistors for simplified spiking neuron implementation. These devices employ wafer-scale mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterojunctions consisting of chemical vapor deposited monolayer molybdenum disulfide and solution-processed semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes to emulate the spike-generating ion channels in biological neurons. Circuits based on these dual-gated Gaussian devices enable a variety of biological spiking responses including phasic spiking, delayed spiking, and tonic bursting. In addition to neuromorphic computing, the tunable Gaussian response has significant implications for a range of other applications including telecommunications, computer vision, and natural language processing.
Structure and chemistry of graphene oxide in liquid water from first principles
Authors: Mouhat Félix , Coudert François-Xavier , Bocquet Marie-Laure 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide is a rising star among 2D materials, yet its interaction with liquid water remains a fundamentally open question: experimental characterization at the atomic scale is difficult, and modeling by classical approaches cannot properly describe chemical reactivity. Here, we bridge the gap between simple computational models and complex experimental systems, by realistic first-principles molecular simulations of graphene oxide (GO) in liquid water. We construct chemically accurate GO models and study their behavior in water, showing that oxygen-bearing functional groups (hydroxyl and epoxides) are preferentially clustered on the graphene oxide layer. We demonstrated the specific properties of GO in water, an unusual combination of both hydrophilicity and fast water dynamics. Finally, we evidence that GO is chemically active in water, acquiring an average negative charge of the order of 10 mC m−2. The ab initio modeling highlights the uniqueness of GO structures for applications as innovative membranes for desalination and water purification.
Activity-dependent isomerization of Kv4.2 by Pin1 regulates cognitive flexibility
Authors: Hu Jia–Hua , Malloy Cole , Tabor G. Travis , Gutzmann Jakob J. , Liu Ying , Abebe Daniel , Karlsson Rose-Marie , Durell Stewart , Cameron Heather A. , Hoffman Dax A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVoltage-gated K+ channels function in macromolecular complexes with accessory subunits to regulate brain function. Here, we describe a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1)-dependent mechanism that regulates the association of the A-type K+ channel subunit Kv4.2 with its auxiliary subunit dipeptidyl peptidase 6 (DPP6), and thereby modulates neuronal excitability and cognitive flexibility. We show that activity-induced Kv4.2 phosphorylation triggers Pin1 binding to, and isomerization of, Kv4.2 at the pThr607-Pro motif, leading to the dissociation of the Kv4.2-DPP6 complex. We generated a novel mouse line harboring a knock-in Thr607 to Ala (Kv4.2TA) mutation that abolished dynamic Pin1 binding to Kv4.2. CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus from these mice exhibited altered Kv4.2-DPP6 interaction, increased A-type K+ current, and reduced neuronal excitability. Behaviorally, Kv4.2TA mice displayed normal initial learning but improved reversal learning in both Morris water maze and lever press paradigms. These findings reveal a Pin1-mediated mechanism regulating reversal learning and provide potential targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive inflexibility.
Lung function in adults and future burden of obstructive lung diseases in a long-term follow-up
Authors: Ørts Lene Maria , Bech Bodil Hammer , Lauritzen Torsten , Carlsen Anders Helles , Sandbæk Annelli , Løkke Anders 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpirometry is recommended in symptomatic smokers to identify obstructive lung diseases. However, it is unknown whether there are certain characteristics that can be used to identify the individual risk of developing obstructive lung diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the association between lung function in adults and burden of lung diseases throughout 27 years of follow-up. We performed a cohort study among individuals aged 30–49 years at baseline (1991). Spirometry measurements were divided into three groups: (1) FEV1/FVC < 70, (2) FEV1/FVC: 70–75, (3) FEV1/FVC > 75 (reference). Using negative binominal regression, the burden of lung diseases was measured by contacts to general practice, hospitalisations, redeemed respiratory medicine and socioeconomic parameters between 1991 and 2017. A total of 905 citizens were included; mean age of 40.3 years, 47.5% were males and 51.2% were smokers at baseline. The group with an FEV1/FVC: 70–75 received more respiratory medicine (IRR = 3.37 (95% CI: 2.69–4.23)), had lower income (IRR = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.98)), and had more contacts to general practice (IRR = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07–1.21)) and hospitals for lung diseases (IRR = 2.39 (95% CI: 1.96–5.85)) compared to the reference group. We found an association between lung function and the future burden of lung diseases throughout 27 years of follow-up. In particular, adults with an FEV1/FVC: 70–75 need extra attention in the case finding.
Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel S. , Lautenschlager Stephan , Evers Serjoscha W. , Pfaff Cathrin , Kriwet Jürgen , Raselli Irena , Werneburg Ingmar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe origin of turtles is one of the most long-lasting debates in evolutionary research. During their evolution, a series of modifications changed their relatively kinetic and anapsid skull into an elongated akinetic structure with a unique pulley system redirecting jaw adductor musculature. These modifications were thought to be strongly correlated to functional adaptations, especially to bite performance. We conducted a series of Finite Element Analyses (FEAs) of several species, including that of the oldest fully shelled, Triassic stem-turtle Proganochelys, to evaluate the role of force distribution and to test existing hypotheses on the evolution of turtle skull architecture. We found no support for a relation between the akinetic nature of the skull or the trochlear mechanisms with increased bite forces. Yet, the FEAs show that those modifications changed the skull architecture into an optimized structure, more resistant to higher loads while allowing material reduction on specific regions. We propose that the skull of modern turtles is the result of a complex process of progressive correlation between their heads and highly flexible necks, initiated by the origin of the shell.
Linking soil microbial community dynamics to straw-carbon distribution in soil organic carbon
Authors: Su Yao , He Zhenchao , Yang Yanhua , Jia Shengqiang , Yu Man , Chen Xijing , Shen Alin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReturning crop residues is a possible practice for balancing soil carbon (C) loss. The turnover rate of organic C from crop residues to soil C is dependent on soil microbial community dynamics. However, the relationship between any temporal changes in the soil microbial community after crop straw inputs and the dynamics of straw-C distribution in the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool remains unclear. The present study investigated the allocation of straw-C into soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MaOC) using stable isotope probing, as well as the temporal changes in the soil bacterial and fungal communities using high-throughput sequencing. After the first 180 days of straw decomposition, approximately 3.93% and 19.82% of straw-C was transformed into soil MaOC and POC, respectively, while 0.02% and 2.25% of straw-C was transformed into soil DOC and MBC, respectively. The temporal change of the soil microbial community was positively correlated with the dynamics of straw-C distribution to SOC (R > 0.5, P < 0.05). The copiotrophic bacteria (e.g., Streptomyces, Massilia and Sphingobacterium), cellulolytic bacteria and fungi (e.g., Dyella and Fusarium, Talaromyces), acidophilic bacteria (e.g., Edaphobacter and unclassified Acidobacteriaceae), denitrifying and N-fixing microbes (e.g., Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Paraphaeosphaeria and Bradyrhizobium), and fungi unclassified Sordariomycetes were significantly correlated with straw-C distribution to specific SOC fractions (P < 0.05), which explained more than 90% of the variation of straw-C allocation into soils. Copiotrophic, certain cellulolytic and denitrifying microbes had positively correlated with DOC- and MaOC-derived from straw, and other cellulolytic fungi (e.g., Talaromyces) and specific bacteria (e.g. Bradyrhizobium) were positively correlated with POC-derived from straw. Our results highlight that the temporal change of soil microbial community structure well reflects the conversion and distribution process of straw-C to SOC fractions.
Live imaging of alterations in cellular morphology and organelles during cornification using an epidermal equivalent model
Authors: Ipponjima Sari , Umino Yuki , Nagayama Masaharu , Denda Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe stratum corneum plays a crucial role in epidermal barrier function. Various changes occur in granular cells at the uppermost stratum granulosum during cornification. To understand the temporal details of this process, we visualized the cell shape and organelles of cornifying keratinocytes in a living human epidermal equivalent model. Three-dimensional time-lapse imaging with a two-photon microscope revealed that the granular cells did not simply flatten but first temporarily expanded in thickness just before flattening during cornification. Moreover, before expansion, intracellular vesicles abruptly stopped moving, and mitochondria were depolarized. When mitochondrial morphology and quantity were assessed, granular cells with fewer, mostly punctate mitochondria tended to transition to corneocytes. Several minutes after flattening, DNA leakage from the nucleus was visualized. We also observed extension of the cell-flattening time induced by the suppression of filaggrin expression. Overall, we successfully visualized the time-course of cornification, which describes temporal relationships between alterations in the transition from granular cells to corneocytes.
Association of immunophenotype with expression of topoisomerase II α and β in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Michelson Andrew P. , McDonough Shannon , Willman Cheryl L. , Koegle Eric R. , Godwin John E. , Petersdorf Stephen H. , List Alan F. , Othus Megan , Appelbaum Frederick R. , Radich Jerald P. , Ganapathi Mahrukh K. , Advani Anjali S. , Ganapathi Ram N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnthracyclines used in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) inhibit the activity of the mammalian topoisomerase II (topo II) isoforms, topo II α and topo IIβ. In 230 patients with non-M3 AML who received frontline ara-C/daunorubicin we determined expression of topo IIα and topo IIβ by RT-PCR and its relationship to immunophenotype (IP) and outcomes. Treatment outcomes were analyzed by logistic or Cox regression. In 211 patients, available for analysis, topo IIα expression was significantly lower than topo IIβ (P < 0.0001). In contrast to topo IIα, topo IIβ was significantly associated with blast percentage in marrow or blood (P = 0.0001), CD7 (P = 0.01), CD14 (P < 0.0001) and CD54 (P < 0.0001). Event free survival was worse for CD56-negative compared to CD56-high (HR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.0–3.5], p = 0.04), and overall survival was worse for CD-15 low as compared to CD15-high (HR = 2.2, 95% CI [1.1–4.2], p = 0.02). Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated topo IIβ and immunophenotype markers in a network associated with cell-to-cell signaling, hematological system development/function and inflammatory response. Topo IIβ expression reflects disease biology of highly proliferative disease and distinct IP but does not appear to be an independent variable influencing outcome in adult AML patients treated with anthracycline-based therapy.
Controlling the Multifractal Generating Measures of Complex Networks
Authors: Yang Ruochen , Bogdan Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMathematical modelling of real complex networks aims to characterize their architecture and decipher their underlying principles. Self-repeating patterns and multifractality exist in many real-world complex systems such as brain, genetic, geoscience, and social networks. To better comprehend the multifractal behavior in the real networks, we propose the weighted multifractal graph model to characterize the spatiotemporal complexity and heterogeneity encoded in the interaction weights. We provide analytical tools to verify the multifractal properties of the proposed model. By varying the parameters in the initial unit square, the model can reproduce a diverse range of multifractal spectrums with different degrees of symmetry, locations, support and shapes. We estimate and investigate the weighted multifractal graph model corresponding to two real-world complex systems, namely (i) the chromosome interactions of yeast cells in quiescence and in exponential growth, and (ii) the brain networks of cognitively healthy people and patients exhibiting late mild cognitive impairment leading to Alzheimer disease. The analysis of recovered models show that the proposed random graph model provides a novel way to understand the self-similar structure of complex networks and to discriminate different network structures. Additionally, by mapping real complex networks onto multifractal generating measures, it allows us to develop new network design and control strategies, such as the minimal control of multifractal measures of real systems under different functioning conditions or states.
Printable Highly Stable and Superfast Humidity Sensor Based on Two Dimensional Molybdenum Diselenide
Authors: Awais Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Umair , Hassan Arshad , Bae Jinho , Chattha Tahseen Elahi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising materials for sensing applications, due to their exceptional high performance in nano-electronics. Inherentely, the chemical and thermal responses of TMDCs are highly stable, hence, they pave way for real time sensor applications. This article proposes inceptively a stable and superfast humidity sensor using two-dimensional (2D) Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) through printed technlogies. The 2D MoSe2 ink is synthesized through wet grinding to achieve few-layered nano-flakes. Inter digital electrodes (IDEs) are fabricated via screen-printing on Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and thin film of MoSe2 nano-flakes is fabricated through spin coating. The impedance and capacitance response are recorded at 1 kHz between temperature levels ranging from 20–30 °C. The impedance and capacitance hysteresis results are recorded <1.98% and <2.36%, respectively, ensuring very good repeatability during humidification and dehumidification. The stability of impedance and capacitance response are recorded with maximum error rate of ~ 0.162% and ~ 0.183%, respectively. The proposed sensor shows fast impedance response time (Tres) of ~ 0.96 s, and recovery time (Trec) of ~ 1.03 s, which has Tres of ~ 1.87 s, and Trec of ~ 2.13 s for capacitance. It is aimed to develop a high performance and stable humidity sensor for various monitoring applications.
Temporal trajectories of accompanying comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Korean nationwide observational study
Authors: Jeong Eugene , Park Namgi , Kim Yujeong , Jeon Ja Young , Chung Wou Young , Yoon Dukyong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus is a major concern globally and well known for increasing risk of complications. However, diabetes complications often remain undiagnosed and untreated in a large number of high-risk patients. In this study based on claims data collected in South Korea, we aimed to explore the diagnostic progression and sex- and age-related differences among patients with type 2 diabetes using time-considered patterns of the incidence of comorbidities that evolved after a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. This study compared 164,593 patients who met the full criteria for type 2 diabetes with age group-, sex-, encounter type-, and diagnosis date-matched controls who had not been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. We identified 76,423 significant trajectories of four diagnoses from the dataset. The top 30 trajectories with the highest average relative risks comprised microvascular, macrovascular, and miscellaneous complications. Compared with the trajectories of male groups, those of female groups included relatively fewer second-order nodes and contained hubs. Moreover, the trajectories of male groups contained diagnoses belonging to various categories. Our trajectories provide additional information about sex- and age-related differences in the risks of complications and identifying sequential relationships between type 2 diabetes and potentially complications.
Dairy Propionibacterium freudenreichii ameliorates acute colitis by stimulating MUC2 expression in intestinal goblet cell in a DSS-induced colitis rat model
Authors: Ma Seongho , Yeom Jiah , Lim Young-Hee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn intact mucus layer is important in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dairy Propionibacterium freudenreichii has probiotic potential, produces propionic acid and is known to promote health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of P. freudenreichii on the improvement of colitis. LS 174T goblet cells and a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis rat model were used to investigate the P. freudenreichii-induced stimulation of mucin production in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MUC2, a main component of intestinal mucus, increased in the supernatant of P. freudenreichii culture (SPFC)-treated LS 174 cells. The SPFC and live P. freudenreichii (LPF) reduced the disease activity index (DAI) in the rats with DSS-induced colitis. After treatment with SPFC or LPF, the mRNA levels of typical pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased and the inflammatory state was histologically improved in the rats with DSS-induced colitis. The SPFC and LPF treatments increased the gene and protein expression levels of MUC2 in the rats with DSS-induced colitis compared with the expression levels in the negative control rats, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed an increase of the intestinal MUC2 level. In addition, SPFC and LPF augmented the level of propionate in the faeces of the rats with DSS-induced colitis. In conclusion, P. freudenreichii might improve acute colitis by restoring goblet cell number and stimulating the expression of MUC2 in intestinal goblet cells.
Pre-operative intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema undergoing cataract surgery
Authors: Kabanarou Stamatina A. , Xirou Tina , Boutouri Eirini , Gkizis Ilias , Vasilias Dimitrios , Bontzos Georgios , Chatziralli Irini 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo examine preoperative use of intravitreal dexamethasone implant in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) undergoing cataract surgery. Participants in this study were 17 patients with DME refractory to previous treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents or dexamethasone implant, and co-existent cataract. All participants received intravitreal dexamethasone implant at baseline and underwent phacoemulsification within one month after its insertion. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) changes between baseline, time of cataract surgery and postoperative months 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated. At month 1 after surgery, BCVA improved significantly from 42.3 ± 9.6 to 58.7 ± 11.9 letters compared to baseline (p < 0.001) and the improvement was sustained at month 2 and month 3 postoperatively. One month postoperatively, CST improved significantly compared to baseline (p < 0.001) and the improvement was sustained at month 2 (p < 0.001), while at month 3 CST started to increase, but remained significantly lower than baseline (p = 0.003). At month 3 postoperatively, 35.3% of patients presented recurrence of ME. Patients with refractory DME and cataract can safely undergo phacoemulsification when dexamethasone implant is inserted one month prior to surgery to ensure adequate control of postoperative inflammation and prevent deterioration of ME.
An abscisic acid-responsive protein interaction network for sucrose non-fermenting related kinase1 in abiotic stress response
Authors: Carianopol Carina Steliana , Chan Aaron Lorheed , Dong Shaowei , Provart Nicholas J. , Lumba Shelley , Gazzarrini Sonia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractYeast Snf1 (Sucrose non-fermenting1), mammalian AMPK (5′ AMP-activated protein kinase) and plant SnRK1 (Snf1-Related Kinase1) are conserved heterotrimeric kinase complexes that re-establish energy homeostasis following stress. The hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in plant stress response. Activation of SnRK1 or ABA signaling results in overlapping transcriptional changes, suggesting these stress pathways share common targets. To investigate how SnRK1 and ABA interact during stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana, we screened the SnRK1 complex by yeast two-hybrid against a library of proteins encoded by 258 ABA-regulated genes. Here, we identify 125 SnRK1- interacting proteins (SnIPs). Network analysis indicates that a subset of SnIPs form signaling modules in response to abiotic stress. Functional studies show the involvement of SnRK1 and select SnIPs in abiotic stress responses. This targeted study uncovers the largest set of SnRK1 interactors, which can be used to further characterize SnRK1 role in plant survival under stress.
In-plane selective area InSb–Al nanowire quantum networks
Authors: Op het Veld Roy L. M. , Xu Di , Schaller Vanessa , Verheijen Marcel A. , Peters Stan M. E. , Jung Jason , Tong Chuyao , Wang Qingzhen , de Moor Michiel W. A. , Hesselmann Bart , Vermeulen Kiefer , Bommer Jouri D. S. , Sue Lee Joon , Sarikov Andrey , Pendharkar Mihir , Marzegalli Anna , Koelling Sebastian , Kouwenhoven Leo P. , Miglio Leo , Palmstrøm Chris J. , Zhang Hao , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStrong spin–orbit semiconductor nanowires coupled to a superconductor are predicted to host Majorana zero modes. Exchange (braiding) operations of Majorana modes form the logical gates of a topological quantum computer and require a network of nanowires. Here, we utilize an in-plane selective area growth technique for InSb–Al semiconductor–superconductor nanowire networks. Transport channels, free from extended defects, in InSb nanowire networks are realized on insulating, but heavily mismatched InP (111)B substrates by full relaxation of the lattice mismatch at the nanowire/substrate interface and nucleation of a complete network from a single nucleation site by optimizing the surface diffusion length of the adatoms. Essential quantum transport phenomena for topological quantum computing are demonstrated in these structures including phase-coherence lengths exceeding several micrometers with Aharonov–Bohm oscillations up to five harmonics and a hard superconducting gap accompanied by 2e-periodic Coulomb oscillations with an Al-based Cooper pair island integrated in the nanowire network.