bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of HIP process and subsequent heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of direct metal laser sintered AlSi10Mg alloy
Authors: Ertuğrul Onur , Öter Zafer Çağatay , Yılmaz Mustafa Safa , Şahin Ezgi , Coşkun Mert , Tarakçı Gürkan , Koç Ebubekir 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of post process combinations, e.g. hot isostatic pressing (HIP) only, HIP + T6 heat treatments, and T6 only, with different aging time, on surface properties, microstructure and mechanical properties of stress-relieved AlSi10Mg parts produced by direct laser metal sintering.Design/methodology/approachHIP process and HIP + T6 heat treatments were applied to as stress-relieved direct laser metal sintered (DMLS) AlSi10Mg parts. Aging times of 4 and 12 h are selected to examine the optimum duration. To analyze the advantages of HIP process, a T6 heat treatment with 4 h of aging was also applied. Densities, open porosities and roughness values of as stress-relieved, HIPed, HIP + T6, and T6-only samples were measured. The samples were characterized by OM and SEM together with EDX analysis. An image analysis study was made to evaluate the inner pore structure, thereby to understand the mechanical behavior.FindingsHIP process does not cause a significant change in surface porosity; yet it has a positive influence on inner porosity. HIP process results in a microstructure of the aluminum matrix surrounded by a network of micron and nano size Si particles. Additional heat treatment results in larger particles and precipitation. After HIPing, ductility increases but strength decreases. Samples aged 4 h present improved yield and tensile strength but decreased elongation, yet samples aged for 12 h reach a combination of optimum strength and ductility. The lower level of tensile strength and ductility in T6-only condition indicates that HIP process plays a crucial role in elimination of the porosity thus improves the effectiveness of subsequent heat treatment.Originality/valueThe study investigates the effect of post-process conditions and optimizes the aging time of the T6 heat treatment after HIP process in order to obtain improved mechanical properties. The stress-relieved state was chosen as the reference to prevent distortion during HIPing or heat treatment.
Persuasion of tacit knowledge in teaching information technology and information systems
Authors: Mohamed Mona Ali 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine information technology and information systems (IT/IS) technology teaching and learning (T&L) as affected by three key factors of tacit knowledge (TK). These factors are the de-contextualization, the faculty and students’ mental model gap and the intrinsic inability of faculty to teach what they know (i.e. the know-how-know what gap).Design/methodology/approachThe approach is based on intensive literature review and synthesis of Nonaka’s socialization, externalization, combination and internalization model and other relevant knowledge management (KM) principles applied to understand the effects of mobilization and nurturing of TK in pedagogical activities and strategies.FindingsThis paper demonstrated a holistic view of the role of TK in teaching IT/IS through deep learning activities. It differentiates between faculty and student mental models and the ability of the faculty to convey real-world know-how to students.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is by no means comprehensive in exploring the TK contextual dimensions of IT/IS T&L milieus. However, some of the assumptions and factors in this paper are not pertinent to some pedagogical environments.Practical implicationsThe activities in this paper introduced new propositions on IT/IS teaching by focusing on TK concepts in light of its challenges. The study could be used by institutes to place emphasis on accommodating TK within effective IT/IS T&L activities.Originality/valueDrawing on the KM literature and experience, this paper offers new insight into how TK can be innovatively incorporated into a pedagogical landscape.
Sustainable tourism in the Corsican mountains: the mare to mares trail
Authors: Barthod-Prothade Mireille , Leroux Erick 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study aims to develop a managerial contribution with actors whose mission is the development of sustainable tourism in the mountains. Lastly, they present and discuss the findings.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study was conducted on the third stage of Mare in Mares, where at the end of this stage, the village stage gîte located 850 m above sea level accommodates hikers. The study began in 2016 and included tourism professionals (bed and breakfast managers, stage gite managers and guides), local elected officials, as well as representatives of the Local Mediation Group, the Regional Natural Park of Corsica, the Corsican Environment Office, SIVOM de la Bravone, the Development Office and breeders in the pig and beef sector.

Findings
The results show that the hiker numbers at Mare a Mare (800 hikers over a short period) are not an obstacle to sustainable mountain tourism. In contrast, wild fishing, pig and cattle wandering and the deficit of waste water treatment plants in some of the villages of Mare a Mare, contribute to endangering the strategy of sustainable development and sustainable tourism in mountains.

Research limitations/implications
The limitations of the study are its focus on just one stage of the Mare-to-Mare sentier de grande randonnée footpath and, secondly, the possibility that the paths may not be usable in future as climate change impacts occur.

Originality/value
The purpose of this study is to make a managerial contribution in relation to the action that needs to be taken, beginning with a trial in Corsica. Specifically, managerial support would involve a training course on the actions needed for – decision-makers, managers, politicians – whose responsibility it is to develop sustainable tourism in the mountains. Given this broad recommendation, the content of the training and action needed should be based on the concept of territorial resilience, as well as aspects of complex thinking and planning based on a systemic approach.
Gene flow effects on populations inhabiting marginal areas: Origin matters
Authors: Morente‐López Javier , Lara‐Romero Carlos , García‐Fernández Alfredo , Rubio Teso María Luisa , Prieto‐Benítez Samuel , Iriondo José María 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

The evolutionary potential of populations inhabiting marginal areas has been extensively debated and directly affects their conservation value. Gene flow is one of the main factors influencing selection, adaptive potential and thus, local adaptation processes in marginal areas. The effects of differential gene flow provenance are still not well understood, since studies on gene flow between marginal populations have been underrepresented in the literature. This kind of gene flow can be especially beneficial because it can provide both adaptive allelic combinations originated under similar environmental conditions and genetic variation on which selection can act.

We conducted a study on the effects of different gene flow provenance on marginal populations of Mediterranean alpine Silene ciliata Pourret (Caryophyllaceae) replicated in three mountain ranges of Central Spain. The delineation of optimal and marginal areas of the species distribution was based on environmental differentiation and relied on the ecological definition of centrality and marginality. We experimentally tested the effect of three different types of pollen‐mediated gene flow on germination rate, seedling size and survival rate in marginal populations and assessed their effects by establishing in situ common gardens. To further assess the evolutionary potential of marginal populations, we performed a reciprocal sowing experiment and measured the same fitness components to determine the extent of local adaptation.

We found that gene flow between marginal populations improved germination rate and seedling survival with regard to gene flow from optimal to marginal populations and within marginal populations. In reciprocal sowing experiments, seedling survival rate was higher when the seed source was from marginal areas than when it was from optimal areas in both marginal and optimal sowing sites.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that gene flow between marginal populations from similar environmental conditions increases the fitness of the recipient population by increasing genetic diversity and simultaneously providing adaptive alleles generated under similar selective pressures. Results also highlight the adaptive potential of marginal populations as genetic diversity from marginal areas may provide a fitness advantage to the populations in optimal areas. In this context, the adaptive value of marginal populations increases their relevance and potential use in conservation management.
The diversity of post‐fire regeneration strategies in the cerrado ground layer
Authors: Pilon Natashi A. L. , Cava Mário G. B. , Hoffmann William A. , Abreu Rodolfo C. R. , Fidelis Alessandra , Durigan Giselda 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Disentangling species strategies that confer resilience to natural disturbances is key to conserving and restoring savanna ecosystems. Fire is a recurrent disturbance in savannas, and savanna vegetation is highly adapted to and often dependent on fire. However, although the woody component of tropical savannas is well studied, we still do not understand how ground‐layer plant communities respond to fire, limiting conservation and management actions.

We investigated the effects of prescribed fire on community structure and composition, and evaluated which traits are involved in plant community regeneration after fire in the cerrado ground layer. We assessed traits related to species persistence and colonization capacity after fire, including resprouter type, underground structure, fire‐induced flowering, regeneration strategy and growth form. We searched for functional groups related to response to fire, to shed light on the main strategies of post‐fire recovery among species in the ground layer.

Fire changed ground‐layer community structure and composition in the short term, leading to greater plant species richness, population densities and increasing bare soil, compared with unburned communities. Eight months after fire, species abundance did not differ from pre‐disturbance values for 86% of the species, demonstrating the resilience of this layer to fire. Only one ruderal species was disadvantaged by fire and 13% of the species benefited. Rapid recovery of soil cover by native vegetation in burned areas was driven by species with high capacity to resprout and spread vegetatively. Recovery of the savanna ground‐layer community, as a whole, resulted from a combination of different species traits. We summarized these traits into five large groups, encompassing key strategies involved in ground‐layer regeneration after fire.

Synthesis. Fire dramatically changes the ground layer of savanna vegetation in the short term, but the system is highly resilient, quickly recovering the pre‐fire state. Recovery involves different strategies, which we categorized into five functional groups of plant species: grasses, seeders, bloomers, undergrounders and resprouters. Knowledge of these diverse strategies should be used as a tool to assess conservation and restoration status of fire‐resilient ecosystems in the cerrado.
Gender earnings gap among the youth in Malawi
Authors: Kim Sung‐Bou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile young women's engagement in economic activities is an essential component of development, gender gaps are still commonly observed worldwide and especially in developing countries like Malawi. This study introduces recent data to provide new evidence for a sub‐Saharan country that has yet been closely examined. Using the International Labour Organization's School‐to‐Work Transition Survey (ILO SWTS) individual‐level data, I examine the gender earnings gap among the youth in Malawi by conducting Mincer earnings regressions with Heckman selection correction and applying Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition methods. I find that young women in Malawi earn significantly less than young men and that women are significantly less likely to engage in income‐generating work activities. Also, substantial unadjusted gender earnings difference in Malawi is overwhelmingly due to differences in returns. Moreover, detailed decomposition results show that gender differences in work‐related individual characteristics and firm characteristics also contribute to the gender earnings gap. The results suggest that any effort to reduce the gender earnings gap should involve improved access to education as well as better workplaces for women.
Women's empowerment and child health outcomes in Ghana
Authors: Essilfie Gloria , Sebu Joshua , Annim Samuel Kobina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigates whether women's empowerment, measured by education attainment relative to her partner, decision‐making, and domestic violence is related to nutritional status of children in Ghana. Using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, the study examines the effect of women empowerment on child's nutritional status at different points in its conditional distributions using ordinary least squares and quantile regression estimation technique. The study observes that women's empowerment is associated with improvement in the nutritional status of children with Z‐scores less than −4 and −3 standard deviations, for acutely and severely malnourished children respectively in the long run. The study recommends that the Ministry for Gender and Social Protection should educate male partners on the need for women participation in decision‐making at the household level as well as make formal education accessible to women.
Is it an issue before it’s a problem? Investigating men’s talk about fertility
Authors: Bodin Maja , Käll Lisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile fatherhood and male involvement in family life have been the focus of much research during the past few decades, we know less about men’s involvement in the stage that precedes fatherhood and reproductive decision‐making, their awareness of and sense of responsibility for reproductive health and fertility. This article draws attention to how men talk about fertility and reproductive intentions, focusing on how their perceptions and knowledge of fertility and procreation are structured around social norms and expectations. The study was based on interviews with 25 men in reproductive age with no prior history of infertility, including men with as well as without children and men of different sexual orientations and gender diversity. Our findings indicate a tension between, on the one hand, a general tendency among the men to take their fertility for granted and neither think nor talk about it, and, on the other hand, a latent concern about possible infertility which seemed to be activated in the interview situation. These findings raise questions of how conversations about fertility might impact men’s thinking about their own fertility that call for further exploration and that are of significance in considerations of how to promote fertility awareness and reproductive health.
Risk factors for sinistral portal hypertension and related variceal bleeding in patients with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Ru Nan , He Chao Hui , Ren Xin Lu , Chen Jia Yun , Yu Fei Fei , Yan Zi Jun , Guo Ji Yao , Zhu Jia Hui , Wang Yuan Chen , Qian Yang Yang , Pan Jun , Hu Liang Hao , Li Zhao Shen , Zou Wen Bin , Liao Zhuan 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesSinistral portal hypertension (SPH) is an uncommon complication of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and can result in severe gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the potential risk factors for SPH and related gastrointestinal variceal bleeding in patients with CP.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients with SPH due to CP admitted to our hospital from July 2014 to June 2019 in this case‐control study. Patients with CP without SPH were randomly selected as controls during the study period (case: control  =  1:2). The characteristics, medical history, course of CP, characteristics associated with SPH, and follow‐up evaluations of the patients were documented in detail. The prevalence rate of SPH in patients with CP and related gastrointestinal bleeding was calculated. Risk factors for SPH and related variceal bleeding were analyzed using univariate or multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of SPH was 2.7% (89/3358) in patients with CP. Independent risk factors for SPH included alcohol consumption (P = 0.030), history of acute pancreatitis (P = 0.010), diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001), and pseudocysts (P < 0.001). Overall 17 (19.1%) patients suffered from related gastrointestinal bleeding. Between the bleeding and non‐bleeding groups, there were significant differences in the types of CP, existence of stones, gastric varices diagnosed before bleeding, splenomegaly and hypersplenism by univariate analysis.ConclusionSPH is a rare complication of CP that is associated with a relatively low risk of variceal bleeding.
SAFE Acoustics: An open‐source, real‐time eco‐acoustic monitoring network in the tropical rainforests of Borneo
Authors: Sethi Sarab S. , Ewers Robert M. , Jones Nick S. , Signorelli Aaron , Picinali Lorenzo , Orme Christopher David L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Automated monitoring approaches offer an avenue to unlocking large‐scale insight into how ecosystems respond to human pressures. However, since data collection and data analyses are often treated independently, there are currently no open‐source examples of end‐to‐end, real‐time ecological monitoring networks.

Here, we present the complete implementation of an autonomous acoustic monitoring network deployed in the tropical rainforests of Borneo. Real‐time audio is uploaded remotely from the field, indexed by a central database, and delivered via an API to a public‐facing website.

We provide the open‐source code and design of our monitoring devices, the central web2py database, and the ReactJS website. Furthermore, we demonstrate an extension of this infrastructure to deliver real‐time analyses of the eco‐acoustic data.

By detailing a fully functional, open source, and extensively tested design, our work will accelerate the rate at which fully autonomous monitoring networks mature from technological curiosities, and towards genuinely impactful tools in ecology.
The Search for Contributors to Low Rates of Recognition of Paternal Alcohol Use Disorders in Offspring From the San Diego Prospective Study
Authors: Schuckit Marc A. , Clarke Dennis F. , Smith Tom L. , Mendoza Lee Anne , Schoen Lara 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe most efficient approach for establishing family histories (FHs) asks informants about disorders in their relatives (a Family History Method [FHM]). However, FHMs underestimate family diagnoses. We evaluated if accuracies of young adult offspring report of their father’s alcohol use disorders (AUDs) related to the age, sex, education, and/or substance‐related patterns/problems of either the young adult informants or their AUD fathers.MethodsData from the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS), a multigenerational 35‐year investigation, compared father/offspring pairs where the proband father’s alcohol problems were correctly (Group 1) or incorrectly (Group 2) noted by offspring. In the key analysis, Group 1 versus 2 results were entered into bootstrapped backward logistic regression analyses predicting Group 1 membership.ResultsFive proband and one offspring characteristic were associated with correct identification of their father’s alcohol problems. None of these related to age, education, or sex. Characteristics associated with correct FHM diagnoses included the father’s FH of AUDs, self‐report of drinking despite social/interpersonal or physical/psychological alcohol‐related problems, spending much time related to alcohol, and his having a religious preference. The single offspring item predicting correct identification of the father’s problems was the number of DSM alcohol problems of the offspring.ConclusionsIn the SDPS, FHM sensitivity was most closely related to the father’s drinking characteristics, not the offspring characteristics. While unique aspects of SDPS families potentially limit generalizability of results, the data demonstrate how the FHM can offer important initial steps in the search for genetically related AUD risks in a subset of families.
Dental fluorosis in the Australian adult population
Authors: Do Loc G , Ha Diep H , Roberts‐Thomson Kaye F , Spencer A John 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of fluoride involves a balance between protection against caries and risk of dental fluorosis. Prevalence and trend of dental fluorosis in the adult population are not frequently reported.ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the Australian adult population.MethodData from the National Study of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) 2004–06 and 2017–18 were used. Prevalence of fluorosis was reported using data from the NSAOH 2017–18. Case definitions of fluorosis were as follows: having a TF score of 2+ (TF2+) or a TF score of 3+ (TF3+) on one or more maxillary central incisors. Synthetic cohorts were constructed by year of birth allowing for time trend analysis.ResultsOne in ten Australian adults were found to have dental fluorosis at TF2+. The prevalence of TF3 + was low. Time trend analysis revealed an increase in the prevalence and severity of fluorosis among those born during 1970s to 1980s decade. Such prevalence declined among those who were born after measures were introduced in early 1990s to reduce exposure to discretionary fluorides.ConclusionThe prevalence of dental fluorosis in the Australian adult population was found to be related to population‐level changes in fluoride exposure.
Use of dental services among Australian adults in the National Study of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) 2017–18
Authors: Brennan David S , Luzzi Liana , Chrisopoulos Sergio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines last dental visit (visiting within the last 12 months, having a last visit 5 or more years ago, attending a private dental practice) and usual visit (usually visiting for a check‐up, having a dentist they usually attend).MethodsExplanatory variables include age, gender, region, income, area‐based SES and dental insurance. The data were collected in the Interview in NSAOH 2017–18.ResultsThere was a dental visiting gradient by region, with lower percentages visiting in the last 12 months in remote (44.9%) and regional areas (50.8%) than major cities (58.7%). A higher percentage of the higher‐income tertile made visits (63.8%) than the middle (53.7%) and lower tertiles (49.9%). There was a visiting gradient by area‐based SES, with higher percentages in the higher (63.8%) and middle SES tertiles (55.2%) than the lower tertile (50.2%). Uninsured persons had lower percentages visiting (43.3%) than insured (69.7%).ConclusionsPersons in remote locations, those with low socioeconomic status and those uninsured were disadvantaged in terms of access. They had lower percentages visiting in the last 12 months, usually visiting for a check‐up, having a dentist they usually attend and higher percentages visiting 5 or more years ago.