bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Seismic Velocity Models for Alaska from Joint Tomographic Inversion of Body-Wave and Surface-Wave Data
Authors: Nayak Avinash , Eberhart-Phillips Donna , Ruppert Natalia A. , Fang Hongjian , Moore Melissa M. , Tape Carl , Christensen Douglas H. , Abers Geoffrey A. , Thurber Clifford H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present two new seismic velocity models for Alaska from joint inversions of body-wave and ambient-noise-derived surface-wave data, using two different methods. Our work takes advantage of data from many recent temporary seismic networks, including the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Alaska Transportable Array, Southern Alaska Lithosphere and Mantle Observation Network, and onshore stations of the Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment. The first model primarily covers south-central Alaska and uses body-wave arrival times with Rayleigh-wave group-velocity maps accounting for their period-dependent lateral sensitivity. The second model results from direct inversion of body-wave arrival times and surface-wave phase travel times, and covers the entire state of Alaska. The two models provide 3D compressional- (VP) and shear-wave velocity (VS) information at depths ∼0–100  km. There are many similarities as well as differences between the two models. The first model provides a clear image of the high-velocity subducting plate and the low-velocity mantle wedge, in terms of the seismic velocities and the VP/VS ratio. The statewide model provides clearer images of many features such as sedimentary basins, a high-velocity anomaly in the mantle wedge under the Denali volcanic gap, low VP in the lower crust under Brooks Range, and low velocities at the eastern edge of Yakutat terrane under the Wrangell volcanic field. From simultaneously relocated earthquakes, we also find that the depth to the subducting Pacific plate beneath southern Alaska appears to be deeper than previous models.
Airborne Particulate Matter Density in Traditional Bakeries of Saveh, Central of Iran, in 2020
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Edris , Ghorbani Mehrzad , Safari Mahdi , Ebrahimi Najmeh 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: High concentration of inhalable airborne particles can increase the risk of lung disease in exposed people. This study aimed to determine the respirable particulate matter (PM5) concentration in traditional bakeries of Saveh in 2020.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 25 bakeries where the samples were collected by cyclone and teflon filter equipped by air sampling pump. Later, the respirable particulate matter concentration was measured using gravimetric method. The collected PM5 was scanned using a FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) with regard to flour dust. In addition, size and shape of the collected PM5 were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Results: Findings showed that the Lavash bakery had the highest PM5 concentration (9.15 mg/m3) in comparison with two other bakeries (Sangak and Barbari). However, an inverse relationship was observed between RH and particle concentration. In addition, the results demonstrated that increasing RH decreased the particle concentration, but the relationship was not significant (P = 0.052, Spearman's rho = -0.393). Furthermore, Lavash bakery had the lowest average size of PM5 (0.63 ± 0.32 μm). However, the FTIR scans confirmed that the flour dust had the predominant amount of PM5.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the density of respirable PM5 has a high level in Saveh bakeries and workers are exposed to high levels of PM.
Landfill Site Selection Using Geographic Information System and Fuzzy-AHP Model: A Case Study of Ilam Township, Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Mehdi , Nikseresht Mehdi , Najafi Esmaeil , Morshedi Behzad 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Landfill siting is a difficult, complex, and protracted process, which requires evaluating different criteria. A suitable site should be located to dispose the municipal solid wastes hygienically (sanitary landfill), which is one of the fundamental subjects related to the environmental stability of the human settlements. The aim was to select a suitable waste disposal area using fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) models.
Materials and Methods: To conduct this study, the information about elevation, slope, soil, drainage, vegetation, land use, population, and roads were produced and corrected in layers called shape files using the Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Finally, weights were applied in expert choice software by combining and overlapping information layers in GIS.
Results: Based on the fuzzy-AHP model, 6 sites were identified as suitable areas for municipal waste disposal. Among the selected sites, one site was highly suitable, two were suitable, and three sites were moderately suitable. These areas with an area of 83.8 km2 are located along the west part of the city adjacent to the Iraqi border. The unsuitable sites for municipal waste disposal were located in the eastern and northeastern areas.
Conclusion: However, applying fuzzy-AHP model provides the necessary conditions for assessing effective relationships among discrete criteria. In the end, combining these models and their findings represented advantages of this kind of modeling and improved scoring in all of these pixels.
Bacterial Biofilm Formation in Milking Equipments in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Banda R. , Nduko J. , Matofari J. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Some microorganisms can adhere to food handling surfaces forming biofilms that pose a safety challenge. This study was done to evaluate bacterial biofilm formation in milking equipments in Lilongwe, Malawi.
Methods: Pooled milk (n=54) and water (n=60) samples were collected from households and milk bulking groups in Lilongwe, Malawi. Swabbing (n=46) and rinsing (n=16) were done on milk handling containers after cleaning. Biofilm determination on the containers was done by detecting biofilm indicator bacteria, including Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., and Pseudomonas spp. The strength of biofilm was determined by the tube method. Data were analyzed by SAS software version 9.1.3.
Results: Prevalence rates of Gram-negative rods were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the Gram-positive rods and the Gram-positive cocci. Of the 176 cases, contamination rates were 36 (20.4%), 32 (18.2%), and 18 (10.2%) for Salmonella spp., Bacillus spp., and Pseudomonas spp., respectively. The biofilm indicator organisms were significantly (p<0.05) more prevalent in dairy farmer households compared with the milk bulking centers. Fourteen out of 86 (16.3%) microbial isolates formed strong/high biofilms, whereas 18 out of 86 (20.93%) of isolates did not form any biofilm. The rate of isolates forming strong/high biofilms in households (17.6%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of milk bulking centers (11.1%).
Conclusion: Biofilm formation on milk handling container surfaces in Lilongwe, Malawi could serve as a source of microbial pathogens and spoilage organisms.
Comparison of the Effect of 6 Weeks of Balancing and Hopping Strengthening Training on the Kinematics of the Lower Extremities of Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability while Running: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kordi Ashkezari Mohammad Hasan , Sahebozamani Mansur , Daneshjoo Abdolhamid , Abbasi Bafghi Hamid 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Ankle sprains are one of the most common sports injuries. This injury can affect the kinematics of the athlete's lower extremities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 6 weeks of balancing and hopping strengthening training on the kinematics of the lower extremities of athletes with functional ankle instability while running.
Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial on 36 athletes with functional ankle instability who were randomly divided into three groups: hopping training, balance strengthening and control. The training lasted for six weeks and 3 sessions per week. Kinematic data were recorded by 3D OptiTrack camera while running at 10 km/h before and after training. SPSS software version 20 and ANCOVA test were used to compare the effect of exercises.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference among the 3 groups in dorsiflexion (P = 0.009), inversion (P = 0.001) and knee flexion (P = 0.001). The results of Benferoni test also showed that hopping training in dorsiflexion, ankle inversion and knee flexion were significantly different from the control group (P = 0.009, P = 0.001, P = 0.001). The results also showed that balance strengthening training in the above movements were significantly different from the control group (P = 0.005, P = 0.002, P = 0.006) and in knee flexion, hoping training showed a significant difference compared to balance strengthening training (P =0.012). The results showed that both hopping and balance strengthening training improved the dorsiflexion, inversion and knee flexion angles in the initial contact in running. However, hopping exercises is better than balance strengthening in improving knee flexion angles.
Conclusion: Therefore, according to the presented results, it can be concluded that the rehabilitation course of ankle sprains in athletes, coaches and sports rescue specialists should use a combination of balance strengthening training and hopping as a comprehensive program. In addition, hopping training can be used as a good alternative to balance training in places where there is not enough equipment.
The relationship of food behavior and vascular aging on the example of a population selection of residents of St. Petersburg
Authors: Paskar N. A. , Parizhskaya E. N. , Rotar O. P. , Boyarinova M. A. , Erina A. M. , Alieva А. S. , Kolesova E. P. , Mogychaya Е. V. , Konradi A. O. 
Published: September 2020

Background. Diet and nutrition can favorably modulate arterial function during vascular aging, and therefore the search for their relationship is important.Objective. To study the relationship between eating behavior and markers of early vascular aging in patients with prehypertension and arterial hypertension.Design and methods. The respondents from the population sample of the epidemiological observational study ESSE-RF were questioned. 477 questionnaires were selected for further analysis of the respondents’ eating habits and the prevalence of early vascular aging among them. Inclusion criteria were age over 40 years to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular complications using the SCORE and ASCORE scales; lack of criteria for high and very high risk on the SCORE scale. A standard questionnaire was used, developed on the basis of adapted and validated international methods, with 12 modules. In the answers of the respondents, the amount and frequency of consumption of table salt, sugar, animal fats, meat and processed meat products, vegetables and fruits, poultry and fish were analyzed. The estimated vascular age of all respondents was assessed using the ASCORE scale.Results. In total, the responses on eating behavior were analyzed in 295 women and 182 men aged 40 to 65 years; the estimated vascular age (ASCORE) was 55.5 ± 9.6 years. For respondents with healthy vascular aging, compared to respondents with premature vascular aging, significantly less salt (57.2% versus 70.6%), sausages (44.1% versus 27%) and higher consumption of poultry meat are typical (44.1% versus 13.9%), dairy products (73.6% versus 41.4%) and fresh vegetables / fruits (88.2% versus 58%). The group of people with healthy vascular aging showed a higher level of daily consumption of sweets (55.9% versus 30.5%).Conclusion. Based on the results of a questionnaire survey of the population sample, it can be assumed that there is a connection between the peculiarities of the food pattern and vascular aging. Express assessment of eating behavior and calculation of vascular age can be used in outpatient practice for preventive counseling.
Naturaleza de las emociones positivas en la evaluación de la Depresión: una nueva visión en psicometría
Authors: Moscoso Manolete S. 
Published: September 2020

Los estudios científicos de las emociones han demostrado concluyentemente una robusta relación causal entre eventos estresantes de la vida diaria y la depresión clínica. El marco conceptual del presente estudio toma en consideración los marcos teóricos de Alex Zautra y de Susan Folkman acerca de la coexistencia de emociones positivas y negativas en el proceso de estrés y depresión. El propósito de este estudio es reportar el análisis de ítems y la validez convergente del Inventario Multicultural de la Depresión, Estado-Rasgo (IMUDER). En base a una muestra multicultural, se realizó los análisis psicométricos en base al coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, a fin de determinar la validez convergente. Los resultados de dichos análisis realizados en forma separada para la escala estado y para la escala rasgo, nos indican un elevado nivel de asociación y validez convergente entre las escalas estado y rasgo del IMUDER, dimensiones de distres y eustres, y las pruebas de depresión utilizadas en este estudio. Estos datos indican que el IMUDER es un instrumento psicométrico que presentauna sólida validez convergente y propiedades psicométricas adecuadas.
Validación de la escala de cinismo organizacional: un estudio con trabajadores argentinos
Authors: Salessi Solana , Omar Alicia 
Published: September 2020

El objetivo del estudio consistió en validar la Escala de Cinismo Organizacional de Brandespara su empleo con trabajadores argentinos. Se analizó la equivalencia funcional del instrumento. Se administró una versión adaptada a una muestra de 396 empleados, quienes respondieron también una selección de instrumentos para explorar confianza en la organización, compromiso organizacional y satisfacción laboral. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró una estructura de tres factores que explicaron el 68.8% de la varianza total. El análisis factorial confirmatorio condujo a re-especificar el modelo, eliminando tres ítems. La validez de constructo quedó demostrada en base a los análisis de correlación efectuados. La confiabilidad del instrumento alcanzó niveles satisfactorios. Se puntualizan las debilidades y fortalezas de la investigación realizada. Se sugiere una agenda para futuros estudios.
¡Llegó la hora! Expectativas y experiencias de parto de adolescentes embarazadas
Authors: Centenaro Levandowski Daniela , Marin Angela Helena , Pereira Carolina da Silva , Golembiewski Mendes Marianna 
Published: September 2020

Este estudio cualitativo longitudinal investigó las expectativas y experiencias relacionadas con el parto de once adolescentes embarazadas de bajo nivel socioeconómico del Sur de Brasil. Ellas fueron entrevistadas en el segundo trimestre del embarazo y al segundo mes del nacimiento del bebé. El análisis de contenido cualitativo reveló una preferencia por el parto normal (debido a la mayor rapidez de recuperación) y sentimientos de miedo y ansiedad relativos al parto. Sobre la experiencia del parto, se observó un predominio de los partos vaginales y sentimientos de felicidad, así como informes de dolor. Un número reducido de participantes fueron acompañadas por su pareja o figuras femeninas. Se constató tanto correspondencia como ausencia de correspondencia con las expectativas para ese evento. Los resultados indican un escenario similar a lo que se encuentra entre madres adultas.
Validación de una escala de estrés cotidiano en escolares chilenos
Authors: Encina Agurto Yonatan José , Ávila Muñoz Myriam Viviana 
Published: September 2020

Se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de una escala de estrés cotidiano en el contexto escolar (EECE). Se estudió la estructura factorial y la consistencia interna en una muestra de niños y adolescentes chilenos de la Región del Maule (n = 734) con edades entre 10 y 17 años. La solución factorial de tres factores resultó simple y coherente respecto a las principales dimensiones del contexto escolar que pueden llegar a ser estresantes para los estudiantes: estrés académico, estrés relacional y ambiente escolar inadecuado. Los índices de consisten- cia interna fueron buenos tanto para la escala general como para los tres factores. Además se aprecian diferencias significativas en la percepción de estrés según el sexo (hombre/mujer) y ubicación geográfica (rural/urbano), que son coherentes con lo que señala la literatura.
Estudio del impacto de imágenes ambientales en los aspectos emocionales
Authors: Sánchez Miranda Martha Patricia , Garza González Arturo De la 
Published: September 2020

La presente investigación examinó las emociones que desencadenan imágenes de naturaleza y ciudad de forma automática e implícita con la técnica de facilitación afectiva y determinar si el mismo fenómeno que se ha estudiado en experimentos unimodales se repite en la modalidad cruzada. Participaron un total de 57 estudiantes de una universidad pública mexicana, donde se les expuso a imágenes de ambientes naturales y urbanos como facilitadores. Como objetivos se utilizaron palabras con connotación emocional positiva y negativa. Los resultados indican que al igual que en otras investigaciones, existen dos grupos de participantes, en donde no todos poseen emociones positivas hacia la naturaleza. Se discuten los resultados en términos de los mecanismos cognitivos que existen dentro de la técnica.
Characteristics of sweeteners used in foods and their effects on human health
Authors: Antonik Natalia , Janda Katarzyna , Jakubczyk Karolina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Foodstuffs containing large amounts of sucrose, which is rapidly absorbed by the human body, cause a marked increase in blood glucose levels; for some people, especially those with diabetes, this is undesirable. Therefore, efforts were undertaken to produce food with a reduced calorie content, but maintaining a sweet taste. Additionally, food producers were interested in cutting costs by replacing sugar with a cheaper alternative. Saccharin, one of the first synthetic sweeteners, was discovered in the USA in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Subsequently, other sugar substitutes were developed: synthetic (e.g. aspartame or acesulfame K), semi-synthetic (xylitol, mannitol), or polyols.
The latter were used during the First and Second World War to increase the calorific content of the available food. Nowadays, the advancing obesity epidemic has resulted in the increasing popularity of synthetic and semi-synthetic sweeteners. However, from the beginning of their existence there have been controversies regarding their safety and impact on health. There have been many studies on individual sweeteners, specifying any adverse or side effects. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to summarizes the characteristics of the most popular sweeteners and their effects on human health.
A Comprehensive Study of Unconventional Reservoirs: The Case of Rechitskoe Field Sediments of Rock Units I-III
Authors: Kudryashov Alexey , Povzhik Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Due to the deterioration of petroleum resources in the Republic of Belarus, unconventional reservoirs, which contain hydrocarbons in "shale-like" low-permeable rocks, which include Domanic deposits, become increasingly important. These rocks containing hydrocarbons are both producing oil and at the same time they are not reservoirs in the traditional sense (Varlamov A. I. et al., 2017). The most common technology for developing unconventional reservoirs is drilling horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. The technological efficiency of drilling such wells will primarily depend on getting into the so - called "sweet spots" - places characterized by the best petrophysical, pyrolytic and geomechanical properties. This ultimately determines the need for a comprehensive study of hydrocarbon deposits in unconventional reservoirs.
This article describes the workflow for studying unconventional reservoirs of one of the fields of the Pripyat trough of the Republic of Belarus. Studying these reservoirs was a challenge because due to geological and surface conditions no seismic data was available. The first well logging results showed the absence of significant rock anisotropy detected by standard methods of acoustic logging. This caused difficulties in determining the direction of drilling horizontal wells. There were also insufficient results of core studies of wells, including fully geochemical and geomechanical studies.
Carrying out a comprehensive study of promising formations and confirming their oil bearing capacity required making a comprehensive program presented below, which outlined the types of studies that would provide necessary information about lithological, petrophysical, pyrolytic, and geomechanical characteristics of unconventional reservoirs of the field under study.
Core studies performed within the integrated study confirmed that the studied sediments are source rocks. At the same time, according to the results of pyrolytic research, it was found that the rocks contain both in-situ hydrocarbons, and the ones which migrated from the underlying formations.
The set of geophysical studies carried out on the legacy wells, including logging, hydraulic fracturing and surface seismic monitoring, allowed determining the direction of maximum stress, which eventually allowed determining the direction of drilling horizontal wells.
The set of studies described in this article can be used in the study of other unconventional deposits of the Pripyat trough, belonging to the Domanic type.
The Effects of Crude Oil Gravity and Composition on EOR Surfactants Selection and Performance
Authors: Al-Anazi Amer , Abdelgawad Khaled , Alsofi Abdulkarim , Kaidar Ziyad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Surfactant applicability for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is conventionally characterized by their efficiency in reducing oil/water interfacial tension (IFT). A suitable surfactant for one crude oil might not be suitable for another in terms of lowering IFT. Therefore, formulations should be revisited for particular cases, especially with changes in crude oil API gravity. In this work, we investigate the performance of various EOR surfactants and their behaviors with different crude oil samples from super light to extra heavy.
EOR surfactants of different classes showed a suitable compatibility in high salinity brines and at high temperatures. The gravities of tested crude oil samples ranged from 8 to 37° API. Crude oil properties were validated using viscometer and density meter. The experimental work focused on IFT measurement and critical micelle concentrations (CMC). IFTs were measured using a spinning drop tensiometer at a fixed concentration and CMCs were determined using a Du Noüy ring type tensiometer.
CMCs of the amphoteric and nano-encapsulated-ionic surfactants were found very low compared to that of cationic and nonionic surfactants. Both amphoteric and nano-encapsulated-ionic surfactants demonstrated superior results across all benchtop studies. They have exhibited a better temperature stability with low- and high-salinity brines. Both showed low IFT values around 0.02 mN/m for light crude oil. Those IFT values remained the lowest compared to other surfactants with heavier crude oil samples but gradually increased to 0.18 mN/m for the heaviest crude. In terms of IFT equilibration, the amphoteric and nano-encapsulated-ionic surfactants resulted in IFT values that gradually increased with the increase of oil viscosity. This was quite opposite for the cationic quaternary ammonium and anionic alfa olefin sulfonate surfactants. The different behavior of surfactants with crude oils of varying compositions indicate the distinctive reaction of each surfactant with a specific crude oil.
The results highlight the effects of crude oil gravity and composition on surfactant ability to result in a low IFT. Coupled with CMC measurements at elevated temperatures, a good insight can be established for evaluating the performance and potential of a surfactant for EOR application.