bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating climate beliefs into action in a changing political landscape
Authors: Zawadzki Stephanie J. , Bouman Thijs , Steg Linda , Bojarskich Vladimir , Druen Perri B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolitical leaders can influence public beliefs about climate change, and climate beliefs can influence climate actions. But, much is still unknown about (1) whether changes in political landscapes influence public’s climate beliefs and (2) the psychological process through which climate beliefs influence pro-environmental sentiments and actions. Achieving a better understanding these influences are the dual purposes of this paper, we investigated during the unique setting of the 2016 US presidential elections. First, we explored to what extent the American public’s belief in the anthropogenic origins and negative impacts of climate change were influenced by the 2016 US presidential election and earliest administrative days of a climate-skeptical political leader, Donald Trump. We found Trump’s influence on public climate beliefs may have increased after his election in such a way that may have polarized public climate beliefs. Compared with pre-election levels, supporters’ climate beliefs grew weaker and, further, opponents’ climate beliefs grew stronger after his election. Second, we tested a novel conditional mediation model that proposes climate beliefs interact to exert their influence on climate actions via moral behavioral sentiments. Specifically, we found people’s origin and impact climate beliefs interact to influence climate actions by activating moral sentiments about their own environmental behavior (i.e., guilt, striving to be a better person), with the particularly weak moral sentiments reported by those with both weak belief in climate change’s anthropogenic origins and its negative impacts. Moral sentiments, in turn, predicted respondents’ willingness to save energy to reduce climate change and their support for the Paris Climate Agreement. These results suggest the election of climate-skeptical political leaders can impact the public’s climate beliefs. Moreover, climate beliefs interact to influence the moral sentiments people feel about their own behavior, and consequently, influence their climate-friendly behavioral intentions and policy preferences.
The role of atmospheric circulation patterns in driving recent changes in indices of extreme seasonal precipitation across Arctic Fennoscandia
Authors: Marshall Gareth J. , Jylhä Kirsti , Kivinen Sonja , Laapas Mikko , Dyrrdal Anita Verpe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExtreme precipitation events (EPEs) have a major impact across Arctic Fennoscandia (AF). Here we examine the spatial variability of seasonal 50-year trends in three EPEs across AF for 1968–2017, using daily precipitation data from 46 meteorological stations, and analyse how these are related to contemporaneous changes in the principal atmospheric circulation patterns that impact AF climate. Positive trends in seasonal wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT) are widespread across AF in all seasons except autumn. Spring (autumn) has the most widespread negative (positive) trends in consecutive dry days (CDD). There is less seasonal dependence for trends in consecutive wet days (CWDs), but the majority of the stations show an increase. Clear seasonal differences in the circulation pattern that exerted most influence on these AF EPE trends exist. In spring, PRCPTOT and CDD are most affected by the Scandinavian pattern at more than half the stations while it also has a marked influence on CWD. The East Atlantic/Western Russia pattern generally has the greatest influence on the most station EPE trends in summer and autumn, yet has no effect during either spring or winter. In winter, the dominant circulation pattern across AF varies more between the different EPEs, with the North Atlantic Oscillation, Polar/Eurasia and East Atlantic patterns all exerting a major influence. There are distinct geographical distributions to the dominant pattern affecting particular EPEs in some seasons, especially winter, while in others there is no discernible spatial relationship.
Multidisciplinary total eradication therapy (TET) in men with newly diagnosed oligometastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Reyes D. K. , Rowe S. P. , Schaeffer E. M. , Allaf M. E. , Ross A. E. , Pavlovich C. P. , Deville C. , Tran P. T. , Pienta K. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the outcomes of total eradication therapy (TET), designed to eradicate all sites of visible cancer and micrometastases, in men with newly diagnosed oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPCa). Men with ≤ 5 sites of metastases were enrolled in a prospective registry study, underwent neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy, followed by radical prostatectomy, adjuvant radiation (RT) to prostate bed/pelvis, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to oligometastases, and adjuvant hormonal therapy (HT). When possible, the prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT (18F-DCFPyL) scan was obtained, and abiraterone was added to neoadjuvant HT. Twelve men, median 55 years, ECOG 0, median PSA 14.7 ng/dL, clinical stages M0—1/12 (8%), M1a—3/12 (25%) and M1b—8/12 (67%), were treated. 18F-DCFPyL scan was utilized in 58% of cases. Therapies included prostatectomy 12/12 (100%), neoadjuvant [docetaxel 11/12 (92%), LHRH agonist 12/12 (100%), abiraterone + prednisone 6/12 (50%)], adjuvant radiation [RT 2/12 (17%), RT + SBRT 4/12 (33%), SBRT 6/12 (50%)], and LHRH agonist 12/12 (100%)]. 2/5 (40%) initial patients developed neutropenic fever (NF), while 0/6 (0%) subsequent patients given modified docetaxel dosing developed NF. Otherwise, TET resulted in no additive toxicities. Median follow-up was 48.8 months. Overall survival was 12/12 (100%). 1-, 2-, and 3-year undetectable PSA’s were 12/12 (100%), 10/12 (83%) and 8/12 (67%), respectively. Median time to biochemical recurrence was not reached. The outcomes suggest TET in men with newly diagnosed OMPCa is safe, does not appear to cause additive toxicities, and may result in an extended interval of undetectable PSA.
Feeding the reactors: potentials in re-cycled organic fertilisers
Authors: Løes Anne-Kristin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is a large and growing interest in producing proteins, oils and other important commodities in bioreactors. Mineral fertilisers, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are used to supply the living organisms with nutrients, and for growing of fungi, carbon must be applied from sugar or starch products. This input-for-output approach does not contribute to cycling of nutrients and organic matter in the society. Organic*1 agriculture has a strong interest in recycled fertilisers and best utilisation of organic materials, and appliccable products should be developed not only for use in agricultural fields but also for other purposes, such as hydroponics, aquaponics and bioreactors. Animal bones and precipitated struvite from waste water are examples of materials which may be applicable in bioreactors. Containing easily available N and P, recent studies have shown that these materials are valuable for amendment of soil fertility and crop productivity in land-based agriculture. Studies should be initiated to design bioreactors utilising locally available sources of nutrients and organic matter, to make the bioreactors more sustainable and develop organic* farming systems in a context of landless farming.
Diagonalization of the finite Hilbert transform on two adjacent intervals: the Riemann–Hilbert approach
Authors: Bertola Marco , Blackstone Elliot , Katsevich Alexander , Tovbis Alexander 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study the spectra of bounded self-adjoint linear operators that are related to finite Hilbert transforms $$\mathcal {H}_L:L^2([b_L,0])\rightarrow L^2([0,b_R])$$

H
L

:

L
2

(

[

b
L

,
0
]

)

→

L
2

(

[
0
,

b
R

]

)

and $$\mathcal {H}_R:L^2([0,b_R])\rightarrow L^2([b_L,0])$$

H
R

:

L
2

(

[
0
,

b
R

]

)

→

L
2

(

[

b
L

,
0
]

)

. These operators arise when one studies the interior problem of tomography. The diagonalization of $$\mathcal {H}_R,\mathcal {H}_L$$

H
R

,

H
L

has been previously obtained, but only asymptotically when $$b_L\ne -b_R$$

b
L

≠
-

b
R

. We implement a novel approach based on the method of matrix Riemann–Hilbert problems (RHP) which diagonalizes $$\mathcal {H}_R,\mathcal {H}_L$$

H
R

,

H
L

explicitly. We also find the asymptotics of the solution to a related RHP and obtain error estimates.
Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Indole Alkaloids Extract from Leaves of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Zhao Yun-Li , Su Min , Shang Jian-Hua , Wang Xia , Bao Guang-Lei , Ma Jia , Sun Qing-Di , Yuan Fang , Wang Jing-Kun , Luo Xiao-Dong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., an evergreen tropical plant rich in indole alkaloids with significant physiological activity, is traditionally used to treat respiratory diseases in China. This study was conducted to establish the toxicity profile of the alkaloid extract (TA) of A. scholaris leaves in non-rodents. After oral administration of a single dose (4 g/kg.bw), a number of transient symptoms, such as unsteady gait, drooling, emesis, and reddening of peri-oral mucosa, were observed, but no treatment-related mortality. A sub-chronic toxicity study with a range of doses of TA (20, 60 and 120 mg/kg.bw) was conducted for a 13-week treatment period, followed by 4-week recovery observation. Except for emesis and drooling in majority of animals in 120 mg/kg.bw treatment group, no clinical changes were observed in TA-treated animals. Data from electrocardiography, bone marrow, urine, fecal, hematology and clinical chemistry analyses were comparable between TA-treated and control animals. No significant differences in the relative organ weights and histopathological characteristics were evident between the TA-treated and control groups. Accordingly, the non-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of TA was established as 120 mg/kg.bw. Our results add further knowledge to the safety database for indole alkaloid extracts from A. scholaris with potential utility as novel drug candidates.
Graphic Abstract
Perceived versus proven SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses in health-care professionals
Authors: Behrens Georg M. N. , Cossmann Anne , Stankov Metodi V. , Witte Torsten , Ernst Diana , Happle Christine , Jablonka Alexandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere have been concerns about high rates of thus far undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infections in the health-care system. The COVID-19 Contact (CoCo) Study follows 217 frontline health-care professionals at a university hospital with weekly SARS-CoV-2-specific serology (IgA/IgG). Study participants estimated their personal likelihood of having had a SARS-CoV-2 infection with a mean of 21% [median 15%, interquartile range (IQR) 5–30%]. In contrast, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG prevalence was about 1–2% at baseline. Regular anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing of health-care professionals may aid in directing resources for protective measures and care of COVID-19 patients in the long run.
MicroRNAs are Involved in Maize Immunity Against Fusarium Verticillioides Ear Rot
Authors: Zhou Zijian , Cao Yan , Li Tao , Wang Xinghao , Chen Jiafa , He Hang , Yao Wen , Wu Jianyu , Zhang Huiyong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fusarium ear rot (FER) caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most common diseases affecting maize production worldwide. FER results in severe yield losses and grain contamination with health-threatening mycotoxins. Although most studies to date have focused on comprehensive analysis of gene regulation in maize during defense responses against F. verticillioides infection, less is known about the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process. We used deep sequencing to compare small RNA libraries from the maize kernels of susceptible (N6) or resistant (BT-1) inbred lines from uninfected plants and upon F. verticillioides infection. We found that pathogen exposure was accompanied by dynamic alterations in expression levels of multiple miRNAs, including new members of previously annotated miRNA families. A combination of transcriptomic, degradomic, and bioinformatics analyses revealed that F. verticillioides-responsive miRNAs and their potential target genes displayed opposite expression patterns in the susceptible and resistant genotypes. Functional category analysis uncovered preferential enrichment of the pathogen-responsive miRNAs and their targets in the phenylpropanoid metabolic processes, plant–pathogen interactions, and plant phytohormone signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, transgenic maize plants overexpressing miR408b exhibited reduced resistance to F. verticillioides infection in a susceptible maize line. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory roles of miRNAs in maize immunity against FER and new resources for breeding disease resistance into maize.
Crime and anti-social behaviour in England and Wales: an empirical evaluation of the ASBO's successor
Authors: Demetriou Stavros 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the findings of an empirical study conducted with local enforcement agents in two areas in England regarding the implementation of the anti-social behaviour injunction which succeeded the anti-social behaviour order (ASBO). These findings shed light on the procedure followed by local enforcement agents when dealing with an incident of anti-social behaviour. The data presented suggests that despite the recent legislative amendments, much of the regulation of anti-social behaviour still takes place in the ‘shadows’ with local enforcement agents utilising a range of informal interventions before applying to court for the issue of an injunction. Moreover, it is argued that despite the repeal and replacement of the ASBO by what appears to be a purely civil measure, many of the criticisms raised about the order and its potential misuse remain largely unaddressed.
Bridging the ultraviolet and optical regions: Transformation equations between GALEX and UBV photometric systems
Authors: Bilir S. , Alan N. , Güçtekin S. Tunçel , Çelebi M. , Yontan T. , Plevne O. , Ak S. , Ak T. , Karaali S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We derive transformation equations between GALEX
and UBV colours by using the reliable data of 556 stars. We present two sets of equations: as a function of (only) luminosity class and as a function of both luminosity class and metallicity. The metallicities are provided from the literature, while the luminosity classes are determined by using the PARSEC mass tracks in this study. Small colour residuals and high squared correlation coefficients promise accurate derived colours. The application of the transformation equations to 70 stars with reliable data shows that the metallicity plays an important role in estimation of more accurate colours.
Talking While Fighting: Understanding the Role of Wartime Negotiation
Authors: Min Eric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContemporary studies of conflict have adopted approaches that minimize the importance of negotiation during war or treat it as a constant and mechanical activity. This is strongly related to the lack of systematic data that track and illustrate the complex nature of wartime diplomacy. I address these issues by creating and exploring a new daily-level data set of negotiations in all interstate wars from 1816 to the present. I find strong indications that post-1945 wars feature more frequent negotiations and that these negotiations are far less predictive of war termination. Evidence suggests that increased international pressures for peace and stability after World War II, especially emanating from nuclear weapons and international alliances, account for this trend. These original data and insights establish a dynamic research agenda that enables a more policy-relevant study of conflict management, highlights a historical angle to conflict resolution, and speaks to the utility of viewing diplomacy as an essential dimension to understanding war.
The associations between genetics, salt taste perception and salt intake in young adults
Authors: Pilic Leta , Mavrommatis Yiannis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality. High dietary salt intake is one of the key risk factors for hypertension and in 2017, it was one of the three leading dietary risk factors for death and disability adjusted life years globally. Despite the efforts to change this behaviour, salt consumption still exceeds the recommendations. One of the main determinants of food intake, and potentially salt, is taste. Taste perception may be genetically determined, however research exploring the associations between genetics, salt taste perception and salt intake is scarce. This may be of special importance in younger adult populations where increased preference for salt is suggested. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the associations between genetics, salt taste perception (taste threshold and preference) and salt intake in young adults.This study was approved by the St Mary's University Ethics Sub-Committee. Forty-two participants (18–35 years, 67% female and 33% male) completed the study. Salt taste thresholds were identified using the British Standards Institution sensory analysis method (BS ISO 3972:2011) and preference for salty taste by asking participants how salty they usually prefer to eat their food using a Likert scale. Salt intake, expressed as mg sodium/1000 kcal, was measured using a five-step multiple pass 24-hour recall for one day of the week and one weekend day. Participants were genotyped for two genetic variants in the SCNN1B and TRPV1 genes, which code for ion channels expressed in taste cells. Multiple regression analysis was performed including SCNN1B and TRPV1 variants, salt taste threshold and preference as predictor variables and sodium intake (mg/1000 kcal) as the dependent variable. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Participants were normal weight (Body Mass Index 23.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2), predominantly Caucasian with salt intake 7.5 ± 2.7 g per day, reflecting current intakes in the UK. Regression model including genetics, thresholds and preference for salty taste explained 54% of the variance (p = 0.028). In this model, TRPV1 variant rs8065080 [β = 422, confidence interval (50, 794), p = 0.030] and salt preference [β = 618, confidence interval (258, 978), p = 0.004] were indicated as predictors of sodium intake. These findings suggest that genetics and preference for salty taste may be drivers of salt intake in younger populations. If replicated, this information may in the future be used in designing more personalised approaches in changing this behaviour.
Diet-quality and its association with cardiovascular diseases and cancer incidence and all-cause mortality: a prospective cohort study from UK Biobank
Authors: Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Gray Stuart R. , Pell Jill , Celis-Morales Carlos 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionNewly available data from big scale studies conducted in the UK, such as the UK Biobank, offers the possibility to further explore the prospective association between a diet-quality score and health outcomes after accounting for the effect of important confounding factors. The aim of this work, therefore, was to investigate the association between a diet-quality score, with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer and all-cause mortality.Material and methodsThis study includes 345,343 participants (age range: 39–73, 55.1% women) from the UK Biobank, a prospective population-based study. Using 21 standardised variables of diet (alcohol, bread, bread type, cereal, dried fruit, water, coffee, tea, cheese, oily fish, non-oily fish, salt added to food, spread type, fresh fruit, cooked vegetable, raw vegetables, milk type, poultry, beef, lamb, and pork) we created a diet-quality score (very healthy, healthy, unhealthy and very unhealthy) using principal-component factor analysis. Associations between the dietary-quality score (very unhealthy individuals were the reference group) and health outcomes (all-cause mortality, CVD and cancer incidence) were investigated using Cox-proportional hazard models. All analyses were performed using STATA 14 statistical software.ResultsIn comparison to individuals with a very unhealthy diet, those with a better diet-quality had a lower risk of all-cause mortality and cancer as well as incidence of CVD and cancer. For example, individuals classified in the very healthy group had a 12% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.82 to 0.95]), 12% lower risk of CVD incidence (HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.80 to 0.98]), 17% of all-cancer mortality (HR: 0.83 [95% CI: 0.75 to 0.93]), and 10% lower risk all-cancer incidence (HR: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.85 to 0.94]). Those in the healthy group had a 12% lower risk of all-cause (HR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.83 to 0.93]) and 15% lower risk of all-cancer mortality (HR: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.78 to 0.93]). There was no significant association between CVD mortality and any diet-quality group. These findings were independent of major confounding factors including socio-demographic covariates, prevalent of diseases and lifestyle factors.DiscussionOur findings indicate that individuals with a healthy diet in the UK biobank cohort are associated with a lower risk of premature mortality, and incidence of CVDs and cancer independently of major confounding factors.