bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
City Government’s Adoption of Housing Adaptation Policy Innovation for Older Adults: Evidence From China
Authors: Chu Yongqiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Utilizing policy innovation and diffusion theory, this study aims to explain why city governments adopt housing adaptation policies that primarily benefit older people based on the case of China.

Methods
The data are drawn from an event history data set of a housing adaptation policy for older people collected from 283 Chinese cities from 2010 to 2018. Piecewise constant exponential models are utilized.

Results
The results indicate that cities facing greater internal pressure and a higher political status are more likely to adopt a housing adaptation policy for older people. Policy adoption by neighboring cities could further facilitate this process.

Discussion
Policy innovation and diffusion theory provide a useful framework for this study. That is, the Chinese city government’s adoption of housing adaptation policy for older adults is initially driven by local needs and then accelerated by interactions among neighboring governments.
Cardiovascular Health at the Intersection of Race and Gender: Identifying Life-Course Processes to Reduce Health Disparities
Authors: Lee Chioun , Park Soojin , Boylan Jennifer M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with reductions in age-related disease and later-life mortality. Black adults, particularly Black women, are less likely to achieve ideal CVH. Guided by intersectionality and life-course approaches, we examine to what degree (a) disparities in CVH exist at the intersection of race and gender and (b) CVH disparities would be reduced if marginalized groups had the same levels of resources and adversities as privileged groups.

Methods
We used biomarker subsamples from the Midlife in the United States Core and Refresher studies (N = 1,948). Causal decomposition analysis was implemented to test hypothetical interventions to equalize the distribution of early-life adversities (ELAs), perceived discrimination, or midlife socioeconomic status (SES) between marginalized and privileged groups. We conducted sensitivity analyses to determine to what degree unmeasured confounders would invalidate our findings.

Results
White women have the highest CVH score, followed by White men, Black men, and Black women. Intervening on ELAs would reduce the disparities: White men versus Black women (30% reduction) and White women versus Black women (15%). Intervening on perceived discrimination would not substantially change initial disparities. Intervening on midlife SES would yield large disparity reductions: White men versus Black men (64%), White men versus Black women (60%), and White women versus Black women (27%). These reductions are robust to unmeasured confounders.

Discussion
Providing economic security in adulthood for Blacks may help reduce racial disparities in CVH. Preventing exposure to ELAs among Black women may reduce their vulnerability to cardiovascular disease, compared to White adults.
Pre-pandemic Ageism Toward Older Adults Predicts Behavioral Intentions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lytle Ashley , Apriceno MaryBeth , Macdonald Jamie , Monahan Caitlin , Levy Sheri R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, older adults have been disproportionately affected by high rates of health complications and mortality. Reactions toward older adults included a mix of prosocial behaviors and ageist responses, consistent with the history of positive and negative views and treatment of older adults in the United States.

Methods
In a two-part study (n = 113, Mage = 18.49, SD = 0.50; range 18–19), we examined whether pre-pandemic ageism among undergraduates predicts prosocial behavioral intentions toward older adults both specific to COVID-19 and in general.

Results
Pre-pandemic ageism toward older adults predicted less intentions to help older adults generally and specific to COVID-19. Whereas viewing older adults as incompetent predicted greater intentions to help specific to COVID-19.

Discussion
These results reflect the complexity of predicting helping behaviors and suggest that even supportive behaviors toward older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic may be rooted in negative ageist stereotypes. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
The ‘ASEANization’ of non-ASEAN stakeholders in regional climate change cooperation
Authors: Qiao-Franco Guangyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the inward–out influence from Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) to extra-regionally based actors, here defined as non-ASEAN stakeholders, in regional cooperation on climate change. The case study on the ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework on Climate Change (AFCC) indicates that non-ASEAN stakeholders underwent ‘ASEANization’ when adapting their rhetoric and practices in line with regional normative contexts and interests. In the forestry sector of AFCC where power asymmetry favored non-ASEAN actors, a relatively low level of ASEANization occurred as non-ASEAN stakeholders glossed over complex issues and constructed coherence between local and outside agendas. In the agricultural sector where power asymmetry was not as prevalent, a higher level of ASEANization unfolded where non-ASEAN stakeholders became more flexible on mitigation agendas, given strong regional resistance to go beyond adaptation. Moreover, inward–out influence existed in both sectors as long-term socialization led to coordination and adjustments of expectations and practices concerning cooperation efforts on both sides.
Evaluation of Patient Demographics in Clinical Cancer Genomic Testing
Authors: Winston-McPherson Gabrielle N , Mathias Patrick C , Lockwood Christina M , Greene Dina N 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundInequitable use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing for cancer risk and treatment can contribute to heath disparity. Consequently, it is important to assess the population receiving this testing. In this article, we characterize the population receiving both germline and somatic NGS testing for cancer predisposition and precision oncology at the Genetics and Solid Tumors Laboratory of the University of Washington Medical Center.MethodsThe general demographics, including ancestry, of patients receiving somatic testing to identify genes related to cancer treatment or prognosis, diagnosis, or germline testing for heritable cancer risk from January 2015 to July 2017 were characterized. Ancestry was determined using single nucleotide variant data and documented pedigree. The demographics of the patient population receiving testing were compared with a reference population comprising patients receiving care from the University of Washington Medical Center with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of breast, ovary, colon, rectum, or prostate between January 2015 and May 2018.ResultsA total of 2210 unique patients were included in this study. Women composed 66% of our total tested population. Patients of European ancestry composed 78% of the tested cohort. The percentages of American Indian/Alaskan Native and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander in the cohort receiving NGS testing were significantly different than their respective distributions in the reference cohort.ConclusionsCharacterizing the demographics of patients receiving NGS testing for cancer predisposition and precision oncology using single nucleotide variant data and documented pedigree may help identify potential health disparities.
Insecure messaging: how clinicians approach potentially problematic messages from patients
Authors: Lee Joy L , Matthias Marianne S , Huffman Monica , Frankel Richard M , Weiner Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Secure messaging has become an integrated function of patient portals, but misuse of secure messaging by both patients and clinicians can lead to miscommunication and errors, such as overlooked urgent messages. We sought to uncover variations in clinician approaches and responses to messaging with patients.

Methods
In this two-part study, 20 primary care clinicians (1) composed message responses to five hypothetical patient vignettes and messages and (2) were subsequently interviewed for their perspectives on appropriate circumstances for secure messaging. Messages and interviews were analyzed for themes.

Results
Clinicians have different experiences with, and perceptions of, secure messaging. The messages the clinicians wrote were uniformly respectful, but differed in degrees of patient-centeredness and level of detail. None of the clinicians found their messaging workload to be unmanageable. From the interviews, we found divergent clinician perspectives about when to use secure messaging and how to respond to emotional content.

Conclusion
Clinicians have different opinions about the appropriateness of secure messaging in response to specific medical issues. Our results noted a desire and need for greater guidance about secure messaging. This aspect of informatics education warrants greater attention in clinical practice.

Practical implications
We summarize the types of issues raised by the participants yet to be addressed by existing guidelines. Further guidance from hospitals, professional societies, and other institutions that govern clinician behavior on the appropriateness and effectiveness of delivering care through secure messaging may aid clinicians and patients.
Patient-generated health data and electronic health record integration: a scoping review
Authors: Tiase Victoria L , Hull William , McFarland Mary M , Sward Katherine A , Del Fiol Guilherme , Staes Catherine , Weir Charlene , Cummins Mollie R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Patient-generated health data (PGHD) are clinically relevant data captured by patients outside of the traditional care setting. Clinical use of PGHD has emerged as an essential issue. This study explored the evidence to determine the extent of and describe the characteristics of PGHD integration into electronic health records (EHRs).

Methods
In August 2019, we conducted a systematic scoping review. We included studies with complete, partial, or in-progress PGHD and EHR integration within a clinical setting. The retrieved articles were screened for eligibility by 2 researchers, and data from eligible articles were abstracted, coded, and analyzed.

Results
A total of 19 studies met inclusion criteria after screening 9463 abstracts. Most of the study designs were pilots and all were published between 2013 and 2019. Types of PGHD were biometric and patient activity (57.9%), questionnaires and surveys (36.8%), and health history (5.3%). Diabetes was the most common patient condition (42.1%) for PGHD collection. Active integration (57.9%) was slightly more common than passive integration (31.6%). We categorized emergent themes into the 3 steps of PGHD flow. Themes emerged concerning resource requirements, data delivery to the EHR, and preferences for review.

Discussion
PGHD integration into EHRs appears to be at an early stage. PGHD have the potential to close health care gaps and support personalized medicine. Efforts are needed to understand how to optimize PGHD integration into EHRs considering resources, standards for EHR delivery, and clinical workflows.
Optimizing COVID-19 testing capabilities and clinical management using pathology informatics
Authors: Chamala Srikar , Flax Sherri , Starostik Petr , Cherabuddi Kartikeya , Iovine Nicole M , Majety Siddardha , Newsom Kimberly J , Reeves Mary , Joshi-Guske Michael J , Downey Maggie M , Lele Tanmay P , Clare-Salzler Michael J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019, first reported in China in late 2019, has quickly spread across the world. The outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Here, we describe our initial efforts at the University of Florida Health for processing of large numbers of tests, streamlining data collection, and reporting data for optimizing testing capabilities and superior clinical management. Specifically, we discuss clinical and pathology informatics workflows and informatics instruments which we designed to meet the unique challenges of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. We hope these results benefit institutions preparing to implement SARS-CoV-2 testing.
Natural language processing for abstraction of cancer treatment toxicities: accuracy versus human experts
Authors: Hong Julian C , Fairchild Andrew T , Tanksley Jarred P , Palta Manisha , Tenenbaum Jessica D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Expert abstraction of acute toxicities is critical in oncology research but is labor-intensive and variable. We assessed the accuracy of a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline to extract symptoms from clinical notes compared to physicians.

Materials and Methods
Two independent reviewers identified present and negated National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 symptoms from 100 randomly selected notes for on-treatment visits during radiation therapy with adjudication by a third reviewer. A NLP pipeline based on Apache clinical Text Analysis Knowledge Extraction System was developed and used to extract CTCAE terms. Accuracy was assessed by precision, recall, and F1.

Results
The NLP pipeline demonstrated high accuracy for common physician-abstracted symptoms, such as radiation dermatitis (F1 0.88), fatigue (0.85), and nausea (0.88). NLP had poor sensitivity for negated symptoms.

Conclusion
NLP accurately detects a subset of documented present CTCAE symptoms, though is limited for negated symptoms. It may facilitate strategies to more consistently identify toxicities during cancer therapy.
The Distribution of Quetiapine and 7-Hydroxyquetiapine in Guinea Pig Hair Roots and Shafts after Repeated Administration: Exploration of the Mechanism of Drug Entry and Retention in Hair
Authors: Ji Jiao-Jiao , Yan Hui , Xiang Ping , Wang Xin , Shen Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in guinea pig hair roots and shafts after five repeated intragastric administrations at three doses (5, 10 and 25 mg/kg) by segmental analysis to explore the mechanism of drug entry and retention in hair. Hair root samples were collected after 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 d in area A after the first dose, and a hair shaft was plucked 35 d after the first dose. The maximum concentrations of quetiapine in hair roots in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups occurred at 50, 74 and 98 h after the first administration, and the maximum concentrations were 0.71 ng/mg (range: 0.54–0.84 ng/mg), 6.72 ng/mg (range: 4.59–9.75 ng/mg) and 12.72 ng/mg (range: 10.74–15.76 ng/mg), respectively. The maximum concentrations of 7-hydroxyquetiapine in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were 0.67 ng/mg (0.23–1.15 ng/mg), 1.07 ng/mg (0.44–1.19 ng/mg) and 3.92 ng/mg (0.656.14 ng/mg), respectively, at 26 h. The maximum concentrations of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in hair roots were significantly positively correlated with the dose (n = 18; r2 = 0.84; P &lt; 0.0001 for quetiapine and n = 18; r2 = 0.61; P = 0.0001 for 7-hydroxyquetiapine). The concentrations of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in hair roots were higher than those in hair shafts 10 d after administration, indicating drug and metabolite entry into the hair through the roots in the first few days after administration. The highest concentrations of quetiapine in the hair shaft in the low-, medium- and high-dose groups were found at the hair ends, and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in the hair shaft showed no obvious peak concentration. Combined with previous studies, we think, by analyzing the drug concentrations in the hair roots and shaft, that the most important way for drugs to enter into and be retained in hair is that the drug enters the hair through the blood circulation from hair root, then spreads and redistributes as the hair grows.
Incorporating the Nonforester into Forestry Master's Programs: A Survey
Authors: Samways Marsha K. , Brooks Kenneth N. , Irving Frank D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A survey of 37 U.S. forestry schools indicates that 35 accept people without previous forestry education into their master's programs. Most schools report that demand for their master's programs by nonforesters is increasing. Most incorporate these students into the same programs as those with forestry degrees and allow them to choose among the degree options available. The background work required of nonforesters is variable and often dependent on the particular program chosen. Only one school reports a special master's program exclusively for nonforesters, and schools typically do not offer special or accelerated background courses for these individuals.
Molecular hydrogen in IllustrisTNG galaxies: carefully comparing signatures of environment with local CO and SFR data
Authors: Stevens Adam R H , Lagos Claudia del P , Cortese Luca , Catinella Barbara , Diemer Benedikt , Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Hernquist Lars , Marinacci Federico , Vogelsberger Mark 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We examine how the post-processed content of molecular hydrogen (H2) in galaxies from the TNG100 cosmological, hydrodynamic simulation changes with environment at z = 0, assessing central/satellite status and host halo mass. We make close comparisons with the carbon monoxide (CO) emission survey xCOLD GASS where possible, having mock-observed TNG100 galaxies to match the survey’s specifications. For a representative sample of host haloes across 1011 ≲ M200c/M⊙ &lt; 1014.6, TNG100 predicts that satellites with $m_* \ge 10^9\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ should have a median deficit in their H2 fractions of ∼0.6 dex relative to centrals of the same stellar mass. Once observational and group-finding uncertainties are accounted for, the signature of this deficit decreases to ∼0.2 dex. Remarkably, we calculate a deficit in xCOLD GASS satellites’ H2 content relative to centrals of 0.2–0.3 dex, in line with our prediction. We further show that TNG100 and SDSS data exhibit continuous declines in the average star formation rates of galaxies at fixed stellar mass in denser environments, in quantitative agreement with each other. By tracking satellites from their moment of infall in TNG100, we directly show that atomic hydrogen (H i) is depleted at fractionally higher rates than H2 on average. Supporting this picture, we find that the H2/H i mass ratios of satellites are elevated relative to centrals in xCOLD GASS. We provide additional predictions for the effect of environment on H2 – both absolute and relative to H i – that can be tested with spectral stacking in future CO surveys.
On the pumping of the CS(υ = 0) masers in W51 e2e
Authors: van der Walt D J , Ginsburg A , Goddi C 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results of numerically solving the rate equations for the first 31 rotational states of CS in the ground vibrational state to determine the conditions under which the J = 1 − 0, J = 2 − 1, and J = 3 − 2 transitions are inverted to produce maser emission. The essence of our results is that the CS($\upsilon \!=\!0$) masers are collisionally pumped and that, depending on the spectral energy distribution, dust emission can suppress the masers. Apart from the J = 1 − 0 and J = 2 − 1 masers, the calculations also show that the J = 3 − 2 transition can be inverted to produce maser emission. It is found that beaming is necessary to explain the observed brightness temperatures of the recently discovered CS masers in W51 e2e. The model calculations suggest that a CS abundance of a few times 10−5 and CS($\upsilon \!=\!0$) column densities of the order of $10^{16}\, \mathrm{cm^{-2}}$ are required for these masers. The rarity of the CS masers in high-mass star-forming regions might be the result of a required high CS abundance as well as due to attenuation of the maser emission inside as well as outside of the hot core.
The Evolutionary Dynamics of Genetic Incompatibilities Introduced by Duplicated Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Jiao Wen-Biao , Patel Vipul , Klasen Jonas , Liu Fang , Pecinkova Petra , Ferrand Marina , Gy Isabelle , Camilleri Christine , Effgen Sigi , Koornneef Maarten , Pecinka Ales , Loudet Olivier , Schneeberger Korbinian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although gene duplications provide genetic backup and allow genomic changes under relaxed selection, they may potentially limit gene flow. When different copies of a duplicated gene are pseudofunctionalized in different genotypes, genetic incompatibilities can arise in their hybrid offspring. Although such cases have been reported after manual crosses, it remains unclear whether they occur in nature and how they affect natural populations. Here, we identified four duplicated-gene based incompatibilities including one previously not reported within an artificial Arabidopsis intercross population. Unexpectedly, however, for each of the genetic incompatibilities we also identified the incompatible alleles in natural populations based on the genomes of 1,135 Arabidopsis accessions published by the 1001 Genomes Project. Using the presence of incompatible allele combinations as phenotypes for GWAS, we mapped genomic regions that included additional gene copies which likely rescue the genetic incompatibility. Reconstructing the geographic origins and evolutionary trajectories of the individual alleles suggested that incompatible alleles frequently coexist, even in geographically closed regions, and that their effects can be overcome by additional gene copies collectively shaping the evolutionary dynamics of duplicated genes during population history.
The versatile interactome of chloroplast ribosomes revealed by affinity purification mass spectrometry
Authors: Westrich Lisa Désirée , Gotsmann Vincent Leon , Herkt Claudia , Ries Fabian , Kazek Tanja , Trösch Raphael , Armbruster Laura , Mühlenbeck Jens Stephan , Ramundo Silvia , Nickelsen Jörg , Finkemeier Iris , Wirtz Markus , Storchová Zuzana , Räschle Markus , Willmund Felix 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn plant cells, chloroplast gene expression is predominantly controlled through post-transcriptional regulation. Such fine-tuning is vital for precisely orchestrating protein complex assembly as for the photosynthesis machinery and for quickly responding to environmental changes. While regulation of chloroplast protein synthesis is of central importance, little is known about the degree and nature of the regulatory network, mainly due to challenges associated with the specific isolation of transient ribosome interactors. Here, we established a ribosome affinity purification method, which enabled us to broadly uncover putative ribosome-associated proteins in chloroplasts. Endogenously tagging of a protein of the large or small subunit revealed not only interactors of the holo complex, but also preferential interactors of the two subunits. This includes known canonical regulatory proteins as well as several new proteins belonging to the categories of protein and RNA regulation, photosystem biogenesis, redox control and metabolism. The sensitivity of the here applied screen was validated for various transiently interacting proteins. We further provided evidence for the existence of a ribosome-associated Nα-acetyltransferase in chloroplasts and its ability to acetylate substrate proteins at their N-terminus. The broad set of ribosome interactors underscores the potential to regulate chloroplast gene expression on the level of protein synthesis.