bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of neuronal and glial tau isoforms in chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Authors: Cherry Jonathan D. , Kim Soong Ho , Stein Thor D. , Pothast Morgan J. , Nicks Raymond , Meng Gaoyuan , Huber Bertrand R. , Mez Jesse , Alosco Michael L. , Tripodis Yorghos , Farrell Kurt , Alvarez Victor E. , McKee Ann C. , Crary John F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy characterized by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p‐tau) in perivascular aggregates in neurons and glia at the depths of neocortical sulci and progresses to diffuse neocortical, allocortical and brainstem structures. The strongest risk factor is exposure to repetitive head impacts acquired most commonly through contact sports and military service. Given that CTE can only be definitively diagnosed after death, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular changes in CTE brains may lead to identification of mechanisms that could be used for novel biomarkers, monitoring progression or therapeutic development. Disruption of alternative pre‐mRNA splicing of tau mRNA plays a pathogenic role in tauopathy, with multiple characteristic patterns of isoform accumulation varying among tauopathies. Limited data are available on CTE, particularly at early stages. Using biochemical and histological approaches, we performed a detailed characterization of tau isoform signatures in post‐mortem human brain tissue from individuals with a range of CTE stages (n = 99). In immunoblot analyses, severity was associated with decreased total monomeric tau and increased total oligomeric tau. Immunoblot with isoform‐specific antisera revealed that oligomeric tau with three and four microtubule binding domain repeats (3R and 4R) also increased with CTE severity. Similarly, immunohistochemical studies revealed p‐tau accumulation consisting of both 3R and 4R in perivascular lesions. When the ratio of 4R:3R was analyzed, there was mixed expression throughout CTE stages, although 4R predominated in early CTE stages (I‐II), a 3R shift was observed in later stages (III‐IV). While neurons were found to contain both 3R and 4R, astrocytes only contained 4R. These 4R‐positive cells were exclusively neuronal at early stages. Overall, these findings demonstrate that CTE is a mixed 4R/3R tauopathy. Furthermore, histologic analysis reveals a progressive shift in tau isoforms that correlates with CTE stage and extent of neuronal pathology.
An empirical model in intrusion detection systems using principal component analysis and deep learning models
Authors: Rajadurai Hariharan , Gandhi Usha Devi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractData are a main resource of a computer system, which can be transmitted over network from source to destination. While transmitting, it faces lot of security issues such as virus, malware, infection, error, and data loss. The security issues are the attacks that have to be detected and eliminated in efficient way to guarantee the secure transmission. The attack detection rates of existing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are low, because the number of unknown attacks are high when compared to the known attacks in the network. Thus, recent researchers focus more on evaluation of known attacks attributes, that will help in identification of the attacks. But the difficulty here is the nature of the IDS datasets. The difficulty in any IDS dataset is to, too many attributes, irrelevant and unstructured in nature. So analyzing such attributes leads to a time consuming process and that produces an inefficient result. This article presents a combined approach Principle Component Analysis and Deep learning (PCA‐DL) model to address above issues. The proposed PCA‐DL method has achieved the accuracy 92.6% on detecting the attacks correctly.
Prevalence of primary aldosteronism in hypertensive kidney transplant recipients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Garg Neetika , Votruba Cassandra D. , Aziz Fahad , Parajuli Sandesh , Mohamed Maha , Djamali Arjang , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDue to high prevalence of primary aldosteronism (PA) in the general hypertensive population, and its association with worse cardiovascular and renal outcomes, the 2016 Endocrine Society Guidelines explicitly recognize PA as a major public health issue requiring urgent attention. Its prevalence in hypertensive kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is unknown. In this cross‐sectional study, we screened KTRs with hypertension who were on ≥4 antihypertensive medications, on 3 antihypertensive medications with BP ≥ 140/90, and on potassium supplements, or were hypokalemic. 172 of 280 eligible patients successfully completed the testing. A positive screen for PA defined by an aldosterone‐to‐renin ratio of ≥20 and a plasma aldosterone concentration of >15 ng/dL yielded a prevalence of 15.7%. Potassium supplement requirement (52% vs 27%, P = .01) and hypokalemia (25.9% vs 4.8%, P < .01) were more common in patients who screened positive compared with those who screened negative. 67% of patients who screened positive were on potassium supplements and/or were hypokalemic. Our study is the first to systematically explore the prevalence of PA among the hypertensive KTR population, which has inherently high cardiovascular risk. Further studies are needed to determine the cardiovascular and renal risk attributable to PA, and define optimal therapy for KTRs with PA.
Can Time–Space Compression Promote Urban Economic Growth? Evidence from China's High‐speed Rail Projects
Authors: Yao Shujie , Fang Jing , He Hongbo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of high‐speed rail (HSR) on urban economic growth using a panel data comprising 285 Chinese cities in 2007–2017. Combining the endogenous growth model with a difference‐in‐difference analysis, we extend the horse‐mass theory to explain how China may use HSR to avoid the so‐called middle‐income trap. The paper also examines the efficient boundaries of HSR and simultaneously studies HSR time–space compression as well as the city neighboring effects on economic growth. It is found that HSR's efficient boundaries are within the range of 200–1,200 km for provincial capitals and 50–300 km for prefecture‐level cities. HSR stimulates economic growth by approximately 0.6 percent, and the neighboring effect accounts for one‐quarter of economic growth. Three policy implications are drawn: (i) China needs to further reduce the travel times between the inland provincial cities and Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou; (ii) China should build a denser HSR network to maximize its economic impact on the vast majority of cities; (iii) China needs to develop some powerful economic growth centers in the inland areas to lead the development of their neighboring cities.
Remote Sensing, Land Quotas and Mass Relocation: China's Governance of Farmland
Authors: Du Yue 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThere is increasing interest in understanding China's environmental governance through the lens of governmentality. This article contributes to that discussion by using the Foucauldian analytical apparatuses of discipline and security to understand China's governance of farmland. It argues that the Chinese state applies these two apparatuses simultaneously: on the one hand, it disciplines and deters local states from illegal land grabs by utilizing surveillance tools such as remote sensing and national land surveys; on the other hand, it relies on indirect governance through the land quota market to achieve grain security, transforming both local states and peasants into autonomous market players, and reconstructing China's rural landscape by launching mass peasant relocation programmes. The study also reveals the contingent effects of those power tactics: the state's governance is compromised by the local states’ counter‐conduct, such as data fabrication and concealment, and by the peasants’ denial of their new subjectivity as market players. When the tactics are effective, as in the case of local states actively assuming roles of land quota producers and traders, the villages and peasant households suffer from deprivation of land rights.
Substance use in youth at‐risk for serious mental illness
Authors: Farris Megan S. , Shakeel Mohammed K. , MacQueen Glenda , Goldstein Benjamin I. , Wang JianLi , Kennedy Sidney H. , Bray Signe , Lebel Catherine , Addington Jean 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this paper is to describe the substance use of participants who are at‐risk for serious mental illness (SMI).MethodThe Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcome study (PROCAN) is a two‐site study of 243 youth and young adults aged 13 to 25 years, categorized into four groups: healthy controls (n = 42), stage 0 (asymptomatic individuals with risk of SMI typically family high risk; n = 41), stage 1a (distress disorder or mild symptoms of anxiety or depression; n = 53) and stage 1b (attenuated syndromes, including bipolar disorder or psychosis; n = 107). Substance use measures were administered at baseline, 6‐ and 12‐months.ResultsAt baseline, the most commonly reported substance used in the past month was alcohol (43.6%), followed by cannabis (14.4%) and tobacco (12.4%). There were no significant group differences in use. 42.4% of all participants reported ever using cannabis in their lifetime, whereas 21.4% reported currently using cannabis. There were no group differences in ever having used cannabis. Regarding lifetime substance abuse disorders, cannabis use disorder (5.7%) and alcohol use disorder (4.5%) were the most common and more often reported in stage 1b participants relative to other groups. Furthermore, alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use remained relatively consistent at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups when compared to baseline use.ConclusionAlcohol was the most commonly used substance followed by cannabis and tobacco. Although substance use did not differ between those at different stages of risk, overall prevention strategies are still warranted for youth at‐risk for SMI, especially those who are more symptomatic and potentially at greater risk of developing an SMI.
Mass‐balance approach to quantify water distribution in soils based on X‐ray computed tomography images
Authors: Guber Andrey , Kutlu Turgut , Rivers Mark , Kravchenko Alexandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractX‐ray computed tomography (CT) is commonly used in soil science to quantify distributions of pores, water and solids within soil samples. Particularly promising for liquid visualization is dual‐energy scanning of samples with added dopant solutions. The approach uses solutions of heavy elements as a proxy for the soil water and utilizes the abrupt increase of the mass attenuation coefficient of heavy elements when crossing an X‐ray absorption edge, detectable by dual‐energy CT scanning. However, a key step in visualization of the added liquid is image segmentation. In partially saturated soils, the X‐ray CT images consist of voxels with the presence of solid, liquid and gaseous phases in different ratios. These ratios are generally ignored by the traditional image segmentation methods, which separate image voxels into groups with either zero or complete saturation by either prevailing phase. The objective of this study was to develop and test a new physically based segmentation approach that accounts for partial saturation of image voxels by liquids. We combined a theoretical equation for detected photon intensity with the mass conservation equation to compute saturation of image voxels by dopant solution applied to the soil. This approach was tested on soil micro‐columns with potassium iodide (KI) solutions. The proposed approach outperformed the traditional segmentation methods, particularly at low and intermediate water contents. Tests conducted for KI solutions in the concentration ranges from 2 to 20% revealed deterioration of the method accuracy with decreasing dopant concentration in the soil. Based on the results of this study we recommend 10 wt% KI solution for quantifying spatial distribution of liquids in soils using dual‐energy X‐ray microtomography.Highlights
We developed a new approach to quantify soil water distribution based on X‐ray CT.
This approach accounts for partial saturation of image voxels by liquids.
This approach outperforms the standard image segmentation methods.
Its application is limited to using dual energy monochromatic X‐ray beams.
A systematic review of neurological manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: the devil is hidden in the details
Authors: Romoli M. , Jelcic I. , Bernard‐Valnet R. , García Azorín D. , Mancinelli L. , Akhvlediani T. , Monaco S. , Taba P. , Sellner J. ,   for the Infectious Disease Panel of the European Academy of Neurology
Published: June 2020

Background and purposeWe systematically reviewed available evidence for reports of neurological signs and symptoms in patients with COVID‐19 to identify cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV)‐2 infection or immune‐mediated reaction in the nervous system.MethodsWe followed PRISMA guidelines and used the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MedRxiv and ChinaXiv databases to search for articles on COVID‐19 and nervous system involvement that were published from 1 January to 24 April 2020. Data on design, sample size, neurological assessment and related work‐up were extracted. Biases were assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.ResultsWe analysed 27 publications on potential neuroinvasive or parainfectious neurological complications of COVID‐19. The reports focused on smell and taste (n = 5) and evaluation of neurological symptoms and signs in cohorts (n = 5). There were cases of Guillain‐Barré syndrome/Miller‐Fisher syndrome/cranial neuropathy (seven cases), meningitis/encephalitis (nine cases) and various other conditions (five cases). The number of patients with examination of cerebrospinal fluid and, in particular, SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction was negligible. Two had a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 polymerase chain reaction examination of cerebrospinal fluid specimen. Study of potential parenchymal involvement with magnetic resonance imaging was rare. Only four reports received a rating of the highest quality standards.ConclusionsThis systematic review failed to establish comprehensive insights into nervous system manifestations of COVID‐19 beyond immune‐mediated complications in the aftermath of respiratory symptoms. The authors therefore provide guidance for more careful clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological studies to characterize the manifestations and burden of neurological disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 on behalf of the Infectious Disease Panel of the European Academy of Neurology.
Factors influencing postpartum blood glucose screening among women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus in a rural community
Authors: Tang Yujia , Guo Jia , Long Qing , Yang Jundi , Luo Jiaxin , Yang Shuangyan , Li Xiangxin , Mao Ping , Chen Jyu‐Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe aims of the present study were: a) to investigate the current state of postpartum glucose screening in rural China; and b) to explore the factors influencing postpartum blood glucose screening among women with prior GDM based on Andersen's behavioural model of health service use.DesignA multisite, cross‐sectional study design, conducted from November 2017 to January 2018.MethodsA total of 465 women with prior GDM were included from two county‐level hospitals in rural China. The potential influencing factors for postpartum blood glucose screening based on Andersen's behavioural model, including predisposing, enabling, and need factors, were collected by self‐reported questionnaires. Chi‐square tests and logistic regression were used to explore the influence of these factors on whether screening of blood glucose level after delivery occurred.ResultsThe mean age of the women was 31.92 years old (SD 5.16) and the mean time after delivery was 16.73 months (SD 15.07). The postpartum glucose screening proportion was 32.7%. Women who did not have a full‐time job (p= .011) (predisposing factor), had not received any treatment for GDM (p= .002), and were not informed about screening plans for diabetes by health professionals (p < .001) (enabling factor) were less likely to engage in postpartum glucose screening. The need factor, high actual risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), was not associated with postpartum blood glucose screening (p> .05).ConclusionsIn rural China, most women with prior GDM were not screened for T2DM after delivery. The women with prior GDM who did not have a full‐time job or had not received any prior treatment for GDM should be the target population for health education on postpartum glucose screening.ImpactThere is a need for data on postpartum blood glucose testing rates among rural women. Future interventions aimed at increasing postpartum blood glucose screening are needed.
Molecular delimitation and taxonomic revision of the wimple piranha Catoprion (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) with the description of a new species
Authors: Bonani Mateussi Nadayca T. , Melo Bruno F. , Oliveira Claudio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA taxonomic revision of wimple piranhas of the genus Catoprion is performed in combination with a molecular analysis using mtDNA. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of 49 specimens using genetic distances, conventional likelihood and four delimitation methods yielded two distinct lineages of Catoprion, with the morphological analyses of 198 specimens of Catoprion corroborating the molecular results. We provide a redescription of Catoprion mento, from the Paraguay, Orinoco, and tributaries of western Amazon basin, keeping Mylesinus macropterus as a junior synonym of C. mento, and the description of Catoprion absconditus n. sp., from the Amazon and Essequibo basins. C. absconditus n. sp. differs from C. mento by the presence of 86–94 perforated scales in the lateral line (vs. 65–86 scales) and the presence of 35–40 circumpeduncular scales (vs. 29–34 scales). The distribution of C. mento follows the Amazonas‐Paraguay‐Orinoco lowlands, whereas C. absconditus follows the eastern Amazon biogeographic pattern.
A new nonhydrophilic agarose gel as subdermal filler for facial rejuvenation: Aesthetic results and patient satisfaction
Authors: Alegre‐Sánchez Adrián , Bernárdez Claudia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundA wide range of fillers are already available for facial rejuvenation. Most of them are based on the use of reticulated or nonreticulated hyaluronic acid.AimsThe main objective of this study is to present the advantages, efficacy, and safety profile of a new agarose gel filler without reticulating agents, for different facial areas.Patient/MethodsA total of 41 patients were treated with different concentrations of the agarose gel filler (1%; 1,5%; 2,5% and 3,5%). Mean age of the participants was 44.62 years. 67.7% (31/41) of the patients were female. Typically, each anatomic area was injected with half of the syringe volume (0.7 + 0.1 mL of lidocaine 2%) per side. One week after one‐session treatment, Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) was obtained and satisfaction surveys were filled by patients.ResultsClinical improvement was noted immediately, with no progressive volume gain over following days. In the GAIS, 90% of the cases scored as “significant or great improvement.” Patient satisfaction was very high with 83% of them evaluating the results as 8 or higher in a scale 1‐10. Only one late‐onset nodule was observed some weeks after injection, that resolved completely with corticosteroid injection.ConclusionsThis new agarose gel filler represents an effective and safe alternative for facial rejuvenation with fillers. Among its advantages, it can be highlighted the absence of reticulating agents and its nonhydrophilic nature.
Dydrogesterone‐primed ovarian stimulation is an effective alternative to gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist protocol for freeze‐all cycles in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Gurbuz Ali Sami , Gode Funda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of progestin‐primed ovarian stimulation using dydrogesterone (DYD) and a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol on cycle characteristics and pregnancy rates in freeze‐all cycles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsMedical records of PCOS patients who underwent freeze‐all in vitro fertilization cycles between April 2017 and April 2019 at the Novafertil in vitro fertilization Center were retrospectively evaluated. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of premature luteinizing hormone surge. Secondary outcome measures were the total number of mature oocytes retrieved, fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rates and ongoing pregnancy rates.Results: A total of 525 patients were included in the study. DYD‐primed ovarian stimulation and a GnRH antagonist protocol were applied in 258 and 267 patients, respectively. The baseline parameters were similar between the two groups. The numbers of mature and fertilized oocytes were similar in the cetrorelix (CET) group and DYD group (11.43 ± 3.48 vs. 11.29 ± 4.34, respectively, P = 0.692; and 8.98 ± 2.93 vs. 8.62 ± 3.67, respectively, P = 0.208). Premature luteinization was rare in both groups, and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (2.9% vs. 1.5%, respectively, P = 0.268). There was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate of the first frozen embryo transfer cycle between the DYG group and the CET group (56% [120/214] vs. 55.6% [113/203], respectively, P = 0.283). There were no significant differences in biochemical pregnancy rates, implantation rates, miscarriage rates or ongoing pregnancy rates between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionDydrogesterone‐primed ovarian stimulation seems to be an effective alternative to the GnRH antagonist protocol for freeze‐all cycles in PCOS patients.
Learning Vocabulary Through Listening: The Role of Vocabulary Knowledge and Listening Proficiency
Authors: Zhang Pengchong , Graham Suzanne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study explored the impact of preexisting vocabulary knowledge (PVK) and listening proficiency on the vocabulary learning through listening of 137 Chinese learners of English, when provided with three types of oral vocabulary explanations—second language (L2), codeswitching (CS), and contrastive focus‐on‐form (CFoF)—and when no explanations (NE) were provided (extending Zhang & Graham, 2019). Listening proficiency was a more important factor influencing vocabulary learning through aural input than PVK was, with most notable gains for learners with high listening proficiency and low PVK. The CFoF approach was the most helpful for learners regardless of their PVK and listening proficiency, whereas the NE approach was the least helpful. Moreover, comparing just the CS and L2 groups, the CS approach was more helpful for lower PVK learners and for more proficient listeners than the L2 approach was. Higher PVK learners and less proficient listeners, however, benefited more from the L2 approach than from the CS approach. The study highlights the complex interplay of vocabulary knowledge, listening proficiency, and instructional conditions, factors useful to bear in mind when planning activities to enhance vocabulary learning through listening.