bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Detects Renal Fibrosis in Murine Kidneys With Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Jiang Kai , Fang Yiyuan , Ferguson Christopher M. , Tang Hui , Mishra Prasanna K. , Macura Slobodan I. , Lerman Lilach O. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundRenal fibrosis is a common pathway in tubulointerstitial injury and a major determinant of renal insufficiency. Collagen deposition, a key feature of renal fibrosis, may serve as an imaging biomarker to differentiate scarred from healthy kidneys.PurposeTo test the feasibility of using quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT), which assesses tissue macromolecule content, to measure renal fibrosis.Study TypeProspective.Animal ModelFifteen 129S1 mice were studied 4 weeks after either sham (n = 7) or unilateral renal artery stenosis (RAS, n = 8) surgeries.Field Strength/SequenceMagnetization transfer (MT)‐weighted images were acquired at 16.4T using an MT‐prepared fast‐low‐angle‐shot sequence. Renal B0, B1, and T1 maps were also acquired, using a dual‐echo gradient echo, an actual flip angle, and inversion recovery method, respectively.AssessmentA two‐pool model was used to estimate the bound water fraction (f) and other tissue imaging biomarkers. Masson's trichrome staining was subsequently performed ex vivo to evaluate renal fibrosis.Statistical TestsComparisons of renal parameters between sham and RAS were performed using independent samples t‐tests. Pearson's correlation was conducted to investigate the relationship between renal fibrosis by histology and the qMT‐derived bound pool fraction f.ResultsThe two‐pool model provided accurate fittings of measured MT signal. The qMT‐derived f of RAS kidneys was significantly increased compared to sham in all kidney zones (renal cortex [CO], 7.6 ± 2.4% vs. 4.6 ± 0.6%; outer medulla [OM], 8.2 ± 4.2% vs. 4.2 ± 0.9%; inner medulla [IM] + P, 5.8 ± 1.6% vs. 2.9 ± 0.6%, all P < 0.05). Measured f correlated well with histological fibrosis in all kidney zones (CO, Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.95; OM, r = 0.93; IM + P, r = 0.94, all P < 0.05).Data ConclusionThe bound pool fraction f can be quantified using qMT at 16.4T in murine kidneys, increases significantly in fibrotic RAS kidneys, and correlates well with fibrosis by histology. Therefore, qMT may constitute a valuable tool for measuring renal fibrosis in RAS.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage3
Nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors as a risk factor for BK polyomavirus replication after kidney transplantation
Authors: Krejčí Karel , Tichý Tomáš , Bednaříková Jana , Bartková Margita , Žamboch Kamil , Orság Jiří , Zadražil Josef 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBK polyomavirus‐associated nephropathy (PyVAN) is responsible for a significant percentage of transplanted kidneys prematurely terminating their function. Its occurrence is closely related to the intensity of immunosuppressive therapy. In a group of 161 newly transplanted patients, we prospectively evaluated 457 protocol renal biopsies performed within the first year after transplantation. Using the calcineurin inhibitors (CI) nephrotoxicity score, the incidence of nephrotoxicity was monitored as a manifestation of excessive immunosuppression. Findings were correlated with clinical evidence of active BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) replication and PyVAN. Compared to the normal histology, nephrotoxicity was associated with more frequent BKPyV viremia and viruria (p = .01 and p < .01, respectively) and more common occurrence of PyVAN. The persistence of toxicity in the subsequent biopsy proved to be a negative risk factor of viremia and viruria (p = .03 and p < .01, respectively), independently of the initial BKPyV status. Toxicity could also be used as a predictor of viremia and viruria (p = .04 and p < .01, respectively) even in the absence of viral replication at the time of initial biopsy. The early histological manifestation of CI nephrotoxicity was associated with significant BKPyV reactivation in the risky first posttransplant year.
Sex‐specific association between infant caudate volumes and a polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder
Authors: Acosta Henriette , Kantojärvi Katri , Tuulari Jetro J. , Lewis John D. , Hashempour Niloofar , Scheinin Noora M. , Lehtola Satu J. , Fonov Vladimir S. , Collins D. Louis , Evans Alan , Parkkola Riitta , Lähdesmäki Tuire , Saunavaara Jani , Merisaari Harri , Karlsson Linnea , Paunio Tiina , Karlsson Hasse 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPolygenic risk scores for major depressive disorder (PRS‐MDD) have been identified in large genome‐wide association studies, and recent findings suggest that PRS‐MDD might interact with environmental risk factors to shape human limbic brain development as early as in the prenatal period. Striatal structures are crucially involved in depression; however, the association of PRS‐MDD with infant striatal volumes is yet unknown. In this study, 105 Finnish mother–infant dyads (44 female, 11–54 days old) were investigated to reveal how infant PRS‐MDD is associated with infant dorsal striatal volumes (caudate, putamen) and whether PRS‐MDD interacts with prenatal maternal depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, gestational weeks 14, 24, 34) on infant striatal volumes. A robust sex‐specific main effect of PRS‐MDD on bilateral infant caudate volumes was observed. PRS‐MDD were more positively associated with caudate volumes in boys compared to girls. No significant interaction effects of genotype PRS‐MDD with the environmental risk factor “prenatal maternal depressive symptoms” (genotype‐by‐environment interaction) nor significant interaction effects of genotype with prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and sex (genotype‐by‐environment‐by‐sex interaction) were found for infant dorsal striatal volumes. Our study showed that a higher PRS‐MDD irrespective of prenatal exposure to maternal depressive symptoms is associated with smaller bilateral caudate volumes, an indicator of greater susceptibility to major depressive disorder, in female compared to male infants. This sex‐specific polygenic effect might lay the ground for the higher prevalence of depression in women compared to men.
Soil labile organic carbon sequestration is tightly correlated with the abundance and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in semiarid maize fields
Authors: Ren Ai‐Tian , Mickan Bede S. , Li Ji‐Yuan , Zhou Rui , Zhang Xu‐Cheng , Ma Ming‐Sheng , Wesly Kiprotich , Xiong You‐Cai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlastic film mulching can affect soil organic carbon (C) lability in semiarid regions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi represent an important route for plant‐derived C into soil and can be influenced by agricultural practices. Whether the changes of AM fungal community affect soil organic C sequestration is a fundamental question in semiarid environments. To this end, we conducted two field experiments investigating the influence of a Funneliformis mosseae inoculation and mycorrhizal‐suppression using benomyl application on maize growth, soil fractions of organic C, AM fungal parameters, including diversity profiling using the Illumina MiSeq. The results showed that AM fungal community composition was significantly altered by plastic film mulching and fungicide applications, soil organic C fractions and nitrogen were most important factors in influencing the AM fungal community. AM fungal inoculation significantly increased particulate organic C and light fraction organic C content, due to enhance dextramatrical hyphal length (EMH), glomalin content, and root biomass. Conversely, fungicide applications reduced labile organic C, possibly through decreasing EMH, glomalin content and soil AM fungal diversity. Increases in relative abundance of F. mosseae in rhizosphere soil, coupled with increases in AM fungal root colonization from F. mosseae inoculation indicates successfully established by outcompeting the existing natural AM fungal community. Plastic film mulching resulted in significant increases in maize yield and water use efficiency, and AM fungal inoculation was found to amplify the effects. Thus, AM fungal inoculation may act as an effective farming practice to improve soil organic C fractions, which can boost maize productivity.
Short‐term forecasting of air pollution index in Belgrade, Serbia
Authors: Đurić Mirela , Vujović Dragana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractForecasting air pollution in big cities is of great importance, and there are various types of air pollution indices (APIs). In the present study, the level of air pollution in winter 2011 at four point‐locations in Belgrade, Serbia, was measured using wind speed data and non‐standard and standard air temperature data, measured at 10 and 2 m, respectively. Using multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis, equations to forecast the API were obtained. This forecast was verified using data from the winter of 2012/2013. The results obtained are well aligned with the monitored API and verified by the root mean square error (RMSE). It is shown that standard meteorological measurements representative of the city can accurately predict the API at individual point‐locations as well as using temperature and wind speed measured at each respective location. Three locations, which measured SO2, NO2, PM10, O3 and CO, showed poor air quality for > 78% of days observed. For the fourth location, the final estimate of prevailing air quality could not be calculated due to the absence of PM10 measurements. Forecasting the API on a short‐term scale can be of great help for long‐term air‐quality improvements.
Direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing for factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210G>A: the consumer experience
Authors: Elson Sarah L. , Furlotte Nicholas A. , Hromatka Bethann S. , Wilson Catherine H. , Mountain Joanna L. , Rowbotham Helen M. , Varga Elizabeth A. , Francke Uta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical genetic testing for inherited predisposition to venous thromboembolism (VTE) is common among patients and their families. However, there is incomplete consensus about which individuals should receive testing, and the relative risks and benefits.MethodsWe assessed outcomes of receiving direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) results for the two most common genetic risk factors for VTE, factor V Leiden in the F5 gene (FVL) and prothrombin 20210G>A in the F2 gene (PT). Two thousand three hundred fifty‐four customers (1244 variant‐positive and 1110 variant‐negative individuals) of the personal genetics company 23andMe, Inc., who had received results online for F5 and F2 variants, participated in an online survey‐based study. Participants responded to questions about perception of VTE risk, discussion of results with healthcare providers (HCPs) and recommendations received, actions taken to control risk, emotional responses to receiving risk results, and perceived value of the information.ResultsMost participants (90% of variant‐positive individuals, 99% of variant‐negative individuals) had not previously been tested for F5 and/or F2 variants. The majority of variant‐positive individuals correctly perceived that they were at higher than average risk for developing VTE. These individuals reported moderate rates of discussing results with HCPs (41%); receiving prevention advice from HCPs (31%), and making behavioral changes to control risk (e.g., exercising more, 30%). A minority (36%) of variant‐positive individuals worried more after receiving VTE results. Nevertheless, most participants reported that knowing their risk had been an advantage (78% variant‐positive and 58% variant‐negative) and were satisfied knowing their genetic probability for VTE (81% variant‐positive and 67% variant‐negative).ConclusionConsumers reported moderate rates of behavioral change and perceived personal benefit from receiving DTC genetic results for VTE risk.
Improving reports of health risks: Life history calendars and measurement of potentially traumatic experiences
Authors: Axinn William G. , Chardoul Stephanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesRecall error biases reporting of earlier life experiences, even potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs). Better tools for accurate retrospective reporting of PTEs and other health risk factors have the potential for broad scientific and health intervention benefits.MethodsWe designed a life history calendar (LHC) to support this task and randomized more than 1000 individuals to each arm of a retrospective diagnostic interview, including detailed measures of PTEs, with and without the LHC. This is one of the largest experiments ever done to assess the benefit of an LHC approach and the only large‐scale experiment done in a poor, agrarian, non‐Western setting (rural Nepal).ResultsResults demonstrate use of an LHC in retrospective measurement can significantly increase lifetime reports of PTEs, especially reports of two or more PTEs. The LHC increases PTE reporting more for men and those with less education.ConclusionsThe LHC approach is practical for many uses ranging from large surveys of the general population to clinical intake of new patients. It significantly increases reporting of health risk factors.
The relationship between workplace bullying and professional self‐concept in Iranian nurses
Authors: Hosseini Amin , Mousavi Seyed Hossein , Hajibabaee Fatemeh , Haghani Shima 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the level of workplace bullying among Iranian nurses and its relationship with their professional self‐concept.DesignThis was a descriptive correlational study.MethodsThis study was performed on 200 nurses working in the emergency departments and intensive care units of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2020. The participants were chosen using the simple random sampling method and data collection tools were Negative Acts Questionnaire—Revised and Nurse Self‐Concept Questionnaire. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between workplace bullying and professional self‐concept.ResultsBased on the experience of daily or weekly workplace bullying, the mean scores of workplace bullying in nurses in terms of work‐related bullying, person‐related dimension and physical intimidation were 10.11%, 4.27% and 5.66%, respectively, and the overall mean score was 6.68%. The results of this study also showed that workplace bullying is inversely related to professional self‐concept and almost all of its dimensions (p = .002,r = −.219).
A modified Chebyshev ϑ‐weighted Crank–Nicolson method for analyzing fractional sub‐diffusion equations
Authors: Erfanifar Raziyeh , Sayevand Khosro , Ghanbari Nasim , Esmaeili Hamid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study presents a robust modification of Chebyshev ϑ‐weighted Crank–Nicolson method for analyzing the sub‐diffusion equations in the Caputo fractional sense. In order to solve the problem, by discretization of the sub‐fractional diffusion equations using Taylor's expansion a linear system of algebraic equations that can be analyzed by numerical methods is presented. Furthermore, consistency, convergence, and stability analysis of the suggested method are discussed. In this framework, compact structures of sub‐diffusion equations are considered as prototype examples. The main advantage of the proposed method is that, it is more efficient in terms of CPU time, computational cost and accuracy in comparing with the existing ones in open literature.
Factors associated with achieving target serum uric acid level and occurrence of gouty arthritis: A retrospective observational study of Japanese health insurance claims data
Authors: Koto Ruriko , Nakajima Akihiro , Horiuchi Hideki , Yamanaka Hisashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study assessed factors associated with achieving target serum uric acid (sUA) level and occurrence of gouty arthritis in Japanese clinical practice.MethodsJapanese health insurance claims and medical check‐up data from October 2015 to March 2017 were analyzed to assess factors associated with target sUA achievement in gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis in gout. Target sUA was further assessed by subgroup analysis of urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) prescriptions and outcomes, stratified by renal function.ResultsPatients achieving target sUA tended toward older, female, higher ULT dose, higher adherence, more comorbidities, and/or antidiabetic drugs prescribed. Renal dysfunction and/or diuretic prescriptions were associated with reduced achievement of target sUA. Severe renal dysfunction was particularly influential (odds ratio [OR] = 0.22 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.10‐0.48] for <15, 0.15 [0.10‐0.23] for ≥15 to <30, compared with eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2). Across all renal function categories, mean prescribed ULT dose was low (febuxostat 17.0‐21.0 mg/day, allopurinol 123.1‐139.6 mg/day), and target sUA achievement was reduced among renal dysfunction patients. Gouty arthritis was more likely in patients with a prior history of such occurrences, and less likely for higher ULT adherence, sUA monitored regularly at medical facilities, and/or more comorbidities.ConclusionIn a real‐world setting, severe renal dysfunction is the most important risk factor for failure to achieve the target sUA, suggesting suboptimal disease management in patients with gout or hyperuricemia complicated by this condition. Findings associated with gouty arthritis suggest that these occurrences could be successfully managed by regular monitoring of sUA and closer adherence to ULT.
Biosourced vanillin Schiff base platform monomers as substitutes for DGEBA in thermoset epoxy
Authors: Desnoes Eric , Toubal Lotfi , Bouazza Amel Hadj , Montplaisir Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDiglycidyl ether Schiff base monomers were prepared from vanillin and various diamines. FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy were used to determine their structure. Cured thermoset epoxies made with them were compared to commercial epoxy in terms of mechanical properties. Tensile strengths ranged from 35.1 to 60.4 MPa, Young's modulus from 3.9 to 6.9 GPa, similar to the commercial product. The glass transition ranged from 80 to 117°C, the phase transition Tα from 80 to 121°C and the storage modulus from 2 to 3.5 GPa. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the vanillin‐based epoxies were less heat resistant but had higher residual mass (20‐30% wt/wt). Hydrolysis, hydrophobicity and degradation were also monitored to evaluate their potential for coating applications.
Regulation of autophagy by high‐ and low‐risk human papillomaviruses
Authors: Aranda‐Rivera Ana Karina , Cruz‐Gregorio Alfredo , Briones‐Herrera Alfredo , Pedraza‐Chaverri José 
Published: September 2020

SummaryWhile high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) infection is related to the development of cervical, vulvar, anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancer, low‐risk human papillomavirus (LR‐HPV) infection is implicated in about 90% of genital warts, which rarely progress to cancer. The carcinogenic role of HR‐HPV is due to the overexpression of HPV E5, E6 and E7 oncoproteins which target and modify cellular proteins implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis and immortalization. LR‐HPV proteins also target and modify some of these processes; however, their oncogenic potential is lower than that of HR‐HPV. HR‐HPVs have substantial differences with LR‐HPVs such as viral integration into the cell genome, induction of p53 and retinoblastoma protein degradation, alternative splicing in HR‐HPV E6‐E7 open reading frames, among others. In addition, LR‐HPV can activate the autophagy process in infected cells while HR‐HPV infection deactivates it. However, in cancer HR‐HPV might reactivate autophagy in advance stages. Autophagy is a catabolic process that maintains cell homoeostasis by lysosomal degradation and recycling of damaged macromolecules and organelles; nevertheless, depending upon cellular context autophagy may also induce cell death. Therefore, autophagy can contribute either as a promotor or as a suppressor of tumours. In this review, we focus on the role of HR‐HPV and LR‐HPV in autophagy during viral infection and cancer development. Additionally, we review key regulatory molecules such as microRNAs in HPV present during autophagy, and we emphasize the potential use of cancer treatments associated with autophagy in HPV‐related cancers.
Invasive Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) and related knotweeds as catalysts for streambank erosion
Authors: Colleran Brian , Lacy Shaw Nozaki , Retamal Maria Rafaela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJapanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) and the other invasive knotweeds, collectively known as knotweed s.l., are significant invasives worldwide, especially of riparian areas. While R. japonica and other knotweed s.l. can reproduce sexually, their dispersal to and spread within new regions is often accomplished through vegetative reproduction from rhizome and stem fragments. Once established, knotweed s.l. can displace riparian plants, meaning that soil stability once provided by displaced roots is lost, carrying significant knock‐on implications for watershed management. We propose that knotweed s.l. rhizomes both displace roots and the structure they provide to soil, and also amplify bank‐erosion forces, especially during floods. Further, erosive forces create propagules, with larger flow events creating larger numbers of propagules and providing the vector for short‐ and long‐distance downstream spread within the watershed. Induced erosion is therefore the main driver of knotweed s.l. invasions along waterways. As some hydrological regimes shift towards more frequent and severe storm events in response to climate change, positive feedback loops may develop in these regions between existing knotweed s.l. populations, sudden riverbank failure, and increased flood‐related damage, with presumably significant impacts on riparian infrastructure. While the continued spread of this invasive could have significant riparian flood resiliency consequences if left unchecked, mindful action to control these plants is likely to be beneficial financially, socially, and ecologically within any invaded watershed.
Autocombustion‐Promoted Synthesis of Lanthanum Iron Oxide: Application as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Synthesis of Piperidines, Substituted Amines and Light‐Assisted Degradations
Authors: Pratibha  , Rajput Jaspreet K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn autocombustion technique was adopted to synthesize the Perovskite structured Lanthanum iron oxide nanoparticles (LaFeO3, abbreviated as LFO NPs). This technique offered lots of benefits such as short reaction time along with quick heating rate. LFO NPs were fabricated at different calcination temperatures (300‐800 °C) through the aid of sucrose as chelating agent. The prepared LFO NPs were well characterized by various techniques like X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Ultraviolet‐Visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray Photo‐Electron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which affirmed that highly crystalline LFO NPs were obtained at 700 °C. Subsequently, the catalytic activity of the LFO NPs was surveyed for three independent approaches: (i) for the synthesis of functionalized piperidines through activation of carbonyl groups in the reacting partners (ii) for the sunlight‐assisted mineralization of health hazardous food colorant, Allura Red AC (iii) for the hydrogenation of nitro aromatic compounds (NACs) using NaBH4 (sodium borohydride) as source of hydrogen in aqueous medium at room temperature.