bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance use among patients in specialized mental health services in Norway: prevalence and patient characteristics based on a national census
Authors: Andersson Helle Wessel , Lilleeng Solfrid E. , Ruud Torleif , Ose Solveig Osborg 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and demographic variation in the prevalence of substance use among the general psychiatric population in Norway.Methods: A national census in psychiatric institutions and outpatient clinics was conducted. Data were returned for 2,358 inpatients (response rate, 65%) and 23,167 outpatients (response rate, 60%). Substance use was measured based on substance use disorder diagnosis or reported substance use in the last four weeks (alcohol 2–4 days a week or illicit drug use). Regression analyses controlling for demographic and socio-demographic characteristics were carried out.Results: Substance use was identified in 32.4% of inpatients and 13.9% of outpatients. The most frequently reported substances used were alcohol, sedatives and cannabis. Among inpatients, the prevalence of substance use was highest in patients with schizophrenia, personality disorders and anxiety disorders. Among outpatients, the prevalence was highest in patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses. Inpatients with anxiety disorders and outpatients with schizophrenia and other psychoses had a significantly higher risk of substance use than other patients. In both samples, the prevalence of substance use was higher among males, 24–29-year-olds and the most socially deprived.Conclusions: This study provides further knowledge about patients at risk for co-morbid substance abuse and poor treatment outcomes. Clinicians may consider targeting patients with severe mental illness, young males and those who are socially deprived in efforts to prevent emerging substance abuse and improve outcomes.
Functional analyses of miRNA-146b-5p during myogenic proliferation and differentiation in chicken myoblasts
Authors: Lee Jeong Hyo , Kim Seo Woo , Han Ji Seon , Shin Seung Pyo , Lee Sang In , Park Tae Sub 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In the poultry and livestock industries, precise genetic information is crucial for improving economic traits. Thus, functional genomic studies help to generate faster, healthier, and more efficient animal production. Chicken myoblast cells, which are required for muscle development and regeneration, are particularly important because chicken growth is closely related to muscle mass. Results: In this study, we induced expression of microRNA-146b-5p mediated by the piggyBac transposon system in primary chicken myoblast (pCM) cells. Subsequently, we analyzed and compared the proliferation and differentiation capacity and also examined the expression of related genes in regular pCM (rpCM) cells and pCM cells overexpressing miRNA-146b-5p (pCM-146b OE cells). pCM-146b OE cells showed increased proliferation and upregulated gene expression related to cell proliferation. In addition, next-generation sequencing analyses were performed to compare global gene expression patterns between rpCM cells and pCM-146b OE cells. We found that the higher proliferation in pCM-146b OE cells was the result of upregulation of gene sets related to the cell cycle. Moreover, miRNA-146b-5p overexpression had inhibitory effects on myotube differentiation in pCM cells. Conclusions: Collectively these results demonstrate that miR-146b-5p is closely related to the proliferation and differentiation of chicken myogenic cells as a modulator of post-transcription.
Both comorbidity and worse performance status are associated with poorer overall survival after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Lehtonen Miikka , Heiskanen Lauri , Reinikainen Petri , Kellokumpu-Lehtinen Pirkko-Liisa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the biochemical recurrence rate, metastatic disease progression, and prostate cancer-specific and overall survival in patients curatively treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for early prostate cancer (PC). We also examined the prognostic effect of comorbidity by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and overall performance status by Eastern Clinical Oncology Group (ECOG) score. Methods: A total of 665 men treated between 2008 and 2013 were enrolled from Tampere University Hospital, Finland. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests and hospital records were used to determine the 5-year survival for each aforementioned endpoint using a Kaplan-Meyer estimate. To analyze the impact of the selected prognostic factor, we used a Cox regression model to calculate the corresponding hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI). Results: With a median follow-up-time of 7.12 years, the 5-year overall survival (OS) after EBRT was 88.9 % [86.5 %-91.3 %], prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS) was 97.9 % [96.7 %-99.1%], metastasis-free survival (MFS) 94.8 % [93.0 %-96.6 %] and biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) 88.7 % [86.2 %-91.2 %]. Both CCI (HR = 1.38, [1.25-1.51]) and ECOG score (HR = 1.63, [1.29-2.05]) declined OS, as well as Gleason score and T score (P < 0.05). Gleason score and T grade also associated to worse PCSS, MFS and BRFS. Conclusions: CCI and ECOG score are useful tools in evaluating the overall life expectancy of the patient after EBRT for PC. T-stage and Gleason score remain still the major prognostic factors.
Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of the Nucleolar Proteome of Giardia lamblia
Authors: Feng Jin-mei , Yang Chun-Lin , Tian Hai-Feng , Wang Jiang-Xin , Wen Jianfan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The nucleoli, including their proteomes, of higher eukaryotes have been extensively studied, while few studies about the nucleoli of the lower eukaryotes – protists were reported. Giardia lamblia , a protist with the controversy of whether it is an extreme primitive eukaryote or just a highly evolved parasite, might be an interesting object for carrying out the nucleolar proteome study of protists and for further examining the controversy. Results: Using bioinformatics methods, we reconstructed G. lamblia nucleolar proteome ( Gi NuP) and the common nucleolar proteome of the three representative higher eukaryotes (human, Arabidopsis , yeast) (HEBNuP). Comparisons of the two proteomes revealed that: 1) Gi NuP is much smaller than HEBNuP, but 78.4% of its proteins have orthologs in the latter; 2) More than 68% of the Gi NuP proteins are involved in the “Ribosome related” function, and the others participate in the other functions, and these two groups of proteins are much larger and much smaller than those in HEBNuP, respectively; 3) Both Gi NuP and HEBNuP have their own specific proteins, but HEBNuP has a much higher proportion of such proteins to participate in more categories of nucleolar functions. Conclusion: For the first time the nucleolar proteome of a protist - Giardia was reconstructed. The results of comparison of it with the common proteome of three representative higher eukaryotes -- HEBNuP indicated that the simplicity of Gi NuP is most probably a reflection of primitiveness but not just parasitic reduction of Giardia , and simultaneously revealed some interesting evolutionary phenomena about the nucleolus and even the eukaryotic cell, compositionally and functionally. Key words : Giardia lamblia , Protist, Nucleolar proteome, Evolution, Primitiveness, Parasitic reduction
Social and Economic Variables Related with Paraquat Self-Poisoning: an Ecological Study
Authors: buendia jefferson , Chavarriaga Gabriel Jaime Restrepo , Zuluaga Andres F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Paraquat self-poisonings constitute a significant contributor to the global burden of suicide.Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between social and economic variables with the incidence of self-poisoning with Paraquat in the northeast of Colombia.

Methods

Records of 154 cases of self-poisoning with Paraquat and several socio-economic variables of six regions of northeast of Colombia were analyzed. Results Most of the cases were mestizos, farmworkers, between 20 and 29 years, with intentional exposure using the oral route. Multivariate analyses revealed significant associations among the incidence of self-poisoning with PQ with the ecological factors such as poverty greater than 30% (IRR 15.9 IC95% 5.56-44.72), land Gini index <0.7 (IRR 7.11 IC95% 3.58-14.12), private health insurance <40% (IRR 3.39 IC95% 1.30-8.82) and planted area >10% (IRR 2.47 IC95% 1.60-3.80).

Conclusion

There is a relationship between ecological factors and, as such, this study opens the way to further developments in the field.
Enhancement of tendon-bone interface healing and graft maturation with cylindrical Titanium-Web (TW) in a miniature swine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model: Histological and collagen-based analysis
Authors: Ryu Keisho , Saito Mitsuru , Kurosaka Daisaburo , Kitasato Seiichiro , Omori Toshiyuki , Hayashi Hiroteru , Kayama Tomohiro , Marumo Keishi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Tendon-bone interface healing and ligamentization of the graft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with autografts are important factors affecting treatment outcome. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a cylindrical titanium-web (TW) in tendon-bone interface healing and graft maturation in ACL reconstruction.
Methods: Fourteen mature female CLAWN miniature swine underwent bilateral ACL reconstructions with patellar tendon (PT) autografts. In one limb, the TW/tendon complex was placed into the proximal side of the tibial tunnel. Only the graft was transplanted into the tunnel in the control limb. The proximal side of the graft was sutured into the stump of the native ACL and the distal end was stapled to the tibia. The animals were euthanized at 4 and 15 weeks postoperatively, for histological and biochemical analyses.
Results: Microscopic images in TW limbs showed that ingrowth of tendon-like tissue and mineralized bone tissue into the TW connected the bone and the tendon directly. In contrast, fibrous tissue intervened between the bone and tendon in the control limbs. The total amount of collagen cross-links (which defines the strength of collagen fibers) and the maturation of collagen cross-links in TW tendons were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of control limbs. There was no significant difference in the ratio of dihydroxy-lysinonorleucine to hydroxy-lysinonorleucine (an indicator of tissue specific collagen maturation) between TW tendons and that of the native PT.
Conclusions: TW promoted the maturation and formation of collagen cross-links in the grafted tendon while maintaining the cross-links pattern of native tendon collagen, and enabled direct binding of tendon to bone.
Identification of RAG-like transposons in protostomes suggests an ancient bilaterian origin of the RAG-like transposon family
Authors: Martin Eliza C. , Vicari Celia , Tsakou-Ngouafo Louis , Pontarotti Pierre , Petrescu Andrei J. , Schatz David G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background V(D)J recombination is essential for adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates and is initiated by the RAG1-RAG2 endonuclease. The RAG1 and RAG2 genes are thought to have evolved from a RAGL (RAG-like) transposon containing convergently-oriented RAG1-like (RAG1L) and RAG2-like (RAG2L) genes. Elements resembling this presumptive evolutionary precursor have thus far only been detected convincingly in deuterostomes, leading to the model that the RAGL transposon first appeared in an early deuterostome. Results We have identified numerous RAGL transposons in the genomes of protostomes, including oysters and mussels (phylum Mollusca) and a ribbon worm (phylum Nemertea), and in the genomes of several cnidarians. Phylogenetic analyses are consistent with vertical evolution of the RAGL transposon family within the Bilateria clade and with its presence in the bilaterian ancestor. Many of the RAGL transposons identified in protostomes are intact elements containing convergently oriented RAG1L and RAG2L genes flanked by terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) and target site duplications with striking similarities with the corresponding elements in deuterostomes. In addition, protostome genomes contain numerous intact RAG1L-RAG2L adjacent gene pairs that lack detectable flanking TIRs. Domains and critical active site and structural amino acids needed for endonuclease and transposase activity are present and conserved in many of the predicted RAG1L and RAG2L proteins encoded in protostome genomes. Conclusions Active RAGL transposons were present in multiple protostome lineages and were likely transmitted vertically during protostome evolution. It appears that the RAGL transposon family was broadly active during bilaterian evolution, undergoing multiple duplication and loss/fossilization events, with the RAGL genes that persist in present day protostomes perhaps constituting both active RAGL transposons and domesticated RAGL genes. Our findings raise the possibility that the RAGL transposon arose earlier in evolution than previously thought, either in an early bilaterian or prior to the divergence of bilaterians and non-bilaterians, and alter our understanding of the evolutionary history of this important transposon family.
Therapeutic efficacy of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in a mouse model
Authors: Gao Shifang , Li Huihui , Xie Hong , Wu Shili , Yuan Yuan , Chu Liang , Sun Siying , Yang Huijuan , Wu Lingqin , Bai Yongsheng , Zhou Qiao , Wang Xin , Zhan Bin , Cui Hu , Yang Xiaodi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Myocardial dysfunction is one of the most common complications of multiple organ failure in septic shock and significantly increases mortality in patients with sepsis. In spite of many studies have confirmed that helminth-derived proteins have strong immunomodulatory functions and could be used to treat inflammatory diseases, there is no report on the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma japonicum -produced cystatin ( Sj- Cys) on the sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.

Methods

A model of sepsis-induced myocardial injury was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mouse. Upon CLP operation, each mouse was intraperitoneally treated with 10 µg of recombinant Sj -Cys (r Sj -Cys). Twelve hours after CLP operation, the systolic and diastolic functions of left ventricular were examined by echocardiography. The levels of myoglobin (Mb), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in sera and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in cardiac tissues were examined as biomarkers for heart injury. The heart tissue was collected for checking pathological changes, macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. To address the signaling pathway involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of r Sj -Cys, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) was determined by Western blot in heart tissue of mice with sepsis and LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocyte cells. In addition, the therapeutic effects of r Sj -Cys on LPS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis were also detected in H9C2 cells.The levels of M1 biomarker iNOS and M2 biomarker Arg-1 were detected in heart tissue. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were measured in sera and their mRNA levels in heart tissue of r Sj -Cys-treated mice.

Results

After being treated with r Sj -Cys, the sepsis-induced heart malfunction was largely improved. The inflammation and injury of heart tissue were also significantly alleviated characterized as significantly decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells in cardiac tissues and fiber swelling, reduced levels of Mb, cTnI and NT-proBNP in sera and MPO activity in heart tissue. The therapeutic efficacy of r Sj -Cys is associated with down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) , as well as the decreased M1 macrophages and increased M2 macrophages, possibly through inhibiting LPS-MyD88 signal pathway.

Conclusions

Recombinant Sj -Cys significantly reduced sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and could be considered as be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of sepsis associated cardiac dysfunction.
Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Peak Demand Days of Cardiovascular Admissions Considering Environmental Exposure
Authors: Qiu Hang , Luo Lin , Su Ziqi , Zhou Li , Wang Liya , Chen Yucheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence has linked environmental exposures, such as ambient air pollution and meteorological factors to the development and severity of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), resulting in increased healthcare demand. Effective prediction of demand for healthcare services, particularly those associated with peak events of CVDs, can be useful in optimizing the allocation of medical resources. However, few studies have attempted to adopt machine learning approaches with excellent predictive abilities to forecast the healthcare demand for CVDs. This study aims to develop and compare several machine learning models in predicting the peak demand days of CVDs admissions using the hospital admissions data, air quality data and meteorological data in Chengdu, China from 2015 to 2017.
Methods: Six machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) were applied to build the predictive models with a unique feature set. The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), logarithmic loss function, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1 score were used to evaluate the predictive performances between the six models.
Results: The LightGBM model exhibited the highest AUC (0.940, 95% CI: 0.900-0.980), which was significantly higher than that of LR (0.842, 95% CI: 0.783-0.901), SVM (0.834, 95% CI: 0.774-0.894) and ANN (0.890, 95% CI: 0.836-0.944), but did not differ significantly from that of RF (0.926, 95% CI: 0.879-0.974) and XGBoost (0.930, 95% CI: 0.878-0.982). In addition, the LightGBM has the optimal logarithmic loss function (0.218), accuracy (91.3%), specificity (94.1%), precision (0.695), and F1 score (0.725). Feature importance identification indicated that the contribution rate of meteorological conditions and air pollutants for the prediction was 32% and 43%, respectively.
Conclusion: This study suggests that ensemble learning models, especially the LightGBM model, can be used to effectively predict the peak events of CVDs admissions, and therefore could be a very useful decision making tool for medical resource management.
Expression of serotonin 1A and 2A receptors in molecular- and projection-defined neurons of the mouse insular cortex
Authors: Ju Anes , Fernandez-Arroyo Beatriz , Wu Yifan , Jacky Débora , Beyeler Anna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The serotonin (5-HT) system is the target of multiple anxiolytics, including Buspirone, which is a partial agonist of the serotonin 1A receptor (5‑HT1A). Similarly, ligands of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) were shown to alter anxiety level. The 5-HT1A and 2A receptors are widely expressed across the brain, but the target region(s) underlying the influence of those receptors on anxiety remain unknown. Interestingly, recent studies in human and non-human primates have shown that the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A binding potential within the insular cortex (insula) are correlated to anxiety. As an initial step to define the function of 5‑HT transmission in the insula, we quantified the proportion of specific neuronal populations of the insula expressing 5‑HT1A or 5‑HT2A. We analyzed seven neural populations, including three defined by a molecular marker (putative glutamate, GABA or parvalbumin), and four defined by their projections to different downstream targets. First, we found that more than 70% of putative glutamatergic neurons, and only 30% of GABAergic neurons express the 5‑HT1A. Second, within insular projection neurons, 5-HT1A is highly expressed (75-80%) in the populations targeting one sub-nuclei of the amygdala (central or basolateral), or targeting the rostral or caudal sections of the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Similarly, 70% of putative glutamatergic neurons and only 30% of insular GABAergic neurons contain 5-HT2A. Finally, the 5-HT2A is present in a majority of insula-amygdala and insula-LH projection neurons (73-82%). These observations suggest that most glutamatergic neurons can respond to 5‑HT through 5-HT1A or 5‑HT2A in the insula, and that 5-HT directly affects a limited number of GABAergic neurons. This study defines a molecular and neuroanatomical map of the 5-HT system within the insular cortex, providing ground knowledge to identify the potential role of serotonergic modulation of selective insular populations in anxiety.
Fenofibrate decreased microalbuminuria in the type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Sun Xiaomeng , Liu Jia , Wang Guang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: This study was to research the efficacy of fenofibrate in the treatment of microalbuminuria in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients (56) with microalbuminuria and hypertriglyceridemia aged 30 to 75 were randomly divided into the fenofibrate treatment group(n=28) and the control group (n=28) for 180 days. Urinary microalbumin /creatinine ratio (UACR) and other metabolic parameters were compared at baseline, during treatment and after treatment. Results: After 180 days, the reduction of levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in two groups were no differences. In treatment group, uric acid (UA) (296.42 ± 56.41 vs 372.46 ± 72.78), triglyceride (TG) [1.51(1.17, 2.06) vs 3.04(2.21, 3.29)], and UACR [36.45 (15.78,102.41) vs 129.00 (53.00, 226.25)] were significantly decreased compared with the baseline. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly increased (1.22 ± 0.26 vs 1.09 ± 0.24) compared with the baseline. The decrease in UACR [-44.05(-179.47, -12.16) vs -8.15(-59.69, 41.94)]in treatment group was significantly higher compared with the control group. The decrease in UACR was positively associated with the decreases in TG ( r = 0.447, P = 0.042) and UA ( r = 0.478, P = 0.024) after fenofibrate treatment. Conclusion: In the patients with hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, fenofibrate can improve microalbuminuria and do not increase the deterioration of glomerular filtration rate