bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of heparin combined with aspirin versus aspirin alone for unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Li Jie , Gao Yue‐hua , Xu Lin , Li Zeng‐yan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) frustrates women of childbearing age profoundly, and effective therapies are particularly important.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of heparin combined with aspirin and aspirin alone for URSA.Search strategyElectronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Clinical key and Cochrane Library) were searched for relevant studies from database inception to August 2019.Selection criteriaStudies of women of childbearing age with at least two consecutive abortions were included.Data collection and analysisRelevant items were extracted, tabulated, and subjected to STATA for data analysis. Study women were divided into group A (taking heparin plus aspirin) and group B (taking aspirin alone). The primary outcome was the rate of live birth.Main resultsWomen from eight randomized controlled trials were included: 493 in group A and 501 in group B. The number of live births was significantly higher in group A (P=0.003). The result remained the same in subgroup analysis by presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Among women who had a live birth, gestational age at delivery tended to be older in group B (P=0.054). No differences in birthweight or intrauterine growth restriction were observed. Adverse effects were sporadically reported.ConclusionAmong women with URSA, heparin combined with aspirin increased the live birth rate as compared with aspirin alone. There was a beneficial tendency of taking aspirin‐only to prolong gestation week.
Evaluation of the clinical and safety outcomes of face‐to‐face vs a telephonic model of a pharmacist‐led outpatient anticoagulation service
Authors: Saw Yashi , Yap Shi Yin , Tan Yu Heng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe traditional method of seeing warfarin patients face‐to‐face and titrating their international normalized ratio (INR) in anticoagulation clinics has advanced over the years to include an alternative telephonic consultation with expanded collaborative services involving outpatient polyclinics and use of self‐testing coagulometers.Objective/SettingThis study evaluated the clinical and safety outcomes of using telephonic vs face‐to‐face consultation in a pharmacist‐led outpatient anticoagulation service at National University Hospital (NUH), a tertiary hospital in Singapore.MethodA retrospective observational study was carried out in patients with atrial fibrillation whose warfarin therapy was managed by either standard or telephonic anticoagulation services. Patients on at least 2 months of warfarin therapy prior to study inclusion were recruited from January to June 2017 and followed up for 6 months.Main Outcome MeasureClinical outcomes included mean INR time in therapeutic range (TTR), INR TTR ± 0.2 units and ± 0.5 units variances, mid‐point INR TTR, and patients with INR >5 within the 6‐month study period. Safety outcomes included thromboembolic events, major bleeding, and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding.ResultsA total of 152 patients were included in the analysis. The mean TTRs (including the variances) were all not statistically significant between face‐to‐face and telephonic consultations (TTR: 65.7% vs 64.6%, P = .853; TTR ± 0.2 variance: 82.3% vs 87.3%, P = .098; TTR ± 0.5 variance: 95.5% vs 95.9%, P = .966; TTR in 3 months: 66.3% vs 66.0%, P = .723). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in patients with INR >5 within 6 months, thromboembolic, and bleeding events.ConclusionClinical and safety outcomes of telephonic consultation were comparable to face‐to‐face consultation in the pharmacist‐led outpatient anticoagulation service.
High levels of viral load monitoring and viral suppression under Treat All in Rwanda – a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ross Jonathan , Ribakare Muhayimpundu , Remera Eric , Murenzi Gad , Munyaneza Athanase , Hoover Donald R , Shi Qiuhu , Nsanzimana Sabin , Yotebieng Marcel , Nash Denis , Anastos Kathryn ,   Central Africa IeDEA
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAiming to reach UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 targets, nearly all sub‐Saharan African countries have expanded antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all people living with HIV (PLWH) (Treat All). Few published data exist on viral load testing and viral suppression under Treat All in this region. We assessed proportions of patients with available viral load test results and who were virally suppressed, as well as factors associated with viral suppression, among PLWH in 10 Rwandan health centres after Treat All implementation.MethodsCross‐sectional study during 2018 of adults (≥15 years) engaged in HIV care at 10 Rwandan health centres. Outcomes were being on ART (available ART initiation date in the study database, with no ART discontinuation prior to 1 January 2018), retained on ART (≥2 post‐ART health centre visits ≥90 days apart during 2018), available viral load test results (viral load measured in 2018 and available in study database) and virally suppressed (most recent 2018 viral load <200 copies/mL). We used modified Poisson regression models accounting for clustering by health centre to determine factors associated with being virally suppressed.ResultsOf 12,238 patients, 7050 (58%) were female and 1028 (8%) were aged 15 to 24 years. Nearly all patients (11,933; 97%) were on ART, of whom 11,198 (94%) were retained on ART. Among patients retained on ART, 10,200 (91%) had available viral load results; of these 9331 (91%) were virally suppressed. Viral suppression was less likely among patients aged 15 to 24 compared to >49 years (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 0.83, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.90 and those with pre‐ART CD4 counts of <200 compared to ≥500 cells/mm3 (aPR: 0.92, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.93). There was no statistically significant difference in viral suppression among patients who entered after Treat All implementation compared to those who enrolled before 2010 (aPR 0.98, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.03).ConclusionsIn this large cohort of Rwandan PLWH receiving HIV care after Treat All implementation, patients in study health centres have surpassed the third UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 target. To ensure all PLWH fully benefit from ART, additional efforts should focus on improving ART adherence among younger persons.
Suboccipital muscle of sharpnose sevengill shark Heptranchias perlo and its possible role in prey dissection
Authors: Kryukova Nadezhda V. , Kuznetsov Alexander N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSkull and head muscles of Heptranchias perlo were studied. Its distinctive features include the suboccipital muscles, described for the first time, the absence of the palatoquadrate symphysis, a longitudinally extended mouth, and teeth unsuited for dissecting prey in typical method of modern sharks, which is cutting motions powered by head shaking from side to side. The palatoquadrate cartilages of H. perlo and closely related Hexanchidae articulate with the neurocranium via orbital and postorbital articulations, which together allow for lateral expansion of the jaws, but restrict retraction and protraction. We interpret these features as an adaptation to a different method of prey dissection, that is, ripping in a backward pull. It employs the specific postorbital articulation together with the suboccipital muscles as force‐transmitting devices, and is powered by swimming muscles which produce a rearward thrust of the tail. During this type of dissection, the anterior part of the vertebral column should experience a tensile stress which explains the replacement of rigid vertebral bodies by a collagenous sheath around the notochord in H. perlo. The backward‐ripping dissection could have been common among ancient Elasmobranchii based on the similarly developed postorbital articulation, a longitudinally extended mouth, and the absence of the palatoquadrate symphysis. A biomechanical comparison with the extinct Pucapampella indicates that ancient elasmobranchs could be also specialized in the backward‐ripping prey dissection, but their mechanism was different from that inferred for H. perlo. We suggest that in the early evolution of sharks this mechanism was replaced by head‐shaking dissection and then later was restored in H. perlo on a new morphological basis. A new position of the postorbital articulation below the vertebral axis is fraught with the braincase elevation when backward ripping the prey, and as a counter‐mean, requires formation of suboccipital portions of the axial musculature unknown in other sharks. Homology and origin of these portions is considered.
Longer development provides first‐feeding fish time to escape hydrodynamic constraints
Authors: Dial Terry R. , Lauder George V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat is the functional effect of prolonged development? By controlling for size, we quantify first‐feeding performance and hydrodynamics of zebrafish and guppy offspring (5 ± 0.5 mm in length), which differ fivefold in developmental time and twofold in ontogenetic state. By manipulating water viscosity, we control the hydrodynamic regime, measured as Reynolds number. We predicted that if feeding performance were strictly the result of hydrodynamics, and not development, feeding performance would scale with Reynolds number. We find that guppy offspring successfully feed at much greater distances to prey (1.0 vs. 0.2 mm) and with higher capture success (90 vs. 20%) compared with zebrafish larvae, and that feeding performance was not a result of Reynolds number alone. Flow visualization shows that zebrafish larvae produce a bow wave ~0.2 mm in length, and that the flow field produced during suction does not extend beyond this bow wave. Due to well‐developed oral jaw protrusion, the similar‐sized suction field generated by guppy offspring extends beyond the horizon of their bow wave, leading to successful prey capture from greater distances. These findings suggest that prolonged development and increased ontogenetic state provides first‐feeding fish time to escape the pervasive hydrodynamic constraints (bow wave) of being small.
Reliability of SM2RAIN precipitation datasets in comparison to gauge observations and hydrological modelling over arid regions
Authors: Satgé Frédéric , Hussain Yawar , Molina‐Carpio Jorge , Pillco Ramiro , Laugner Coralie , Akhter Gulraiz , Bonnet Marie‐Paule 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNumerous satellite‐based precipitation datasets have been successively made available. Their precipitation estimates rely on clouds properties derived from microwave and thermal sensors in a so‐named ‘top‐down’ approach. Recently, a ‘bottom‐up’ approach to infer precipitation from soil moisture (SM) estimates has resulted in the release of two new precipitation datasets (P‐datasets). One uses satellite‐based SM estimates from the European Spatial Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) (SM2RAIN‐CCI) while the other uses satellite‐based SM from European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT) (SM2RAIN‐ASCAT). This study assesses SM2RAIN‐ASCAT and ‐CCI reliability over two arid regions: Bolivian and Peruvian Altiplano and Pakistan (South Asia) using (a) direct comparisons with rain gauges and (b) testing the sensitivity of streamflow modelling to the P‐datasets. Selecting two different regions and different indicators helps to assess whether the P‐dataset reliability varies depending on the assessment method and location. For comparison purposes, the most reliable P‐datasets from the literature are also considered (IMERG‐E v.6, IMERG‐L v.6, IMERG‐F v.6, CHIRPS v.2 and MSWEP v.2.2). Compared to rain gauge observations and based on the modified Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) values, the SM2RAIN‐ASCAT and ‐CCI are more accurate in the Altiplano than in Pakistan. This difference is explained by a more favourable physical context for satellite‐based SM estimates in the Altiplano. Over the Altiplano and despite an overall positive bias, SM2RAIN‐ASCAT describes rain gauges temporal dynamics as well as IMERG‐F v.6, CHIRPS v.2 and MSWEP v.2.2 and provides streamflow simulations very close to those obtained when using IMERG‐F v.6, CHIRPS v.2 and MSWEP v.2.2 as forcing data.
Scaling law for strain dependence of Raman spectra in transition‐metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Zhang Ye , Guo Huaihong , Sun Wei , Sun Hongzhi , Ali Sajjad , Zhang Zhidong , Saito Riichiro , Yang Teng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBased on ab initio density functional calculation and nonresonant Raman theory, we calculate strain dependent Raman spectra of six kinds of transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The biaxial strain dependence of Raman intensity and direct band gap in TMDC monolayers is systematically studied from which we show a scaling law of the Raman intensity and band gap. Out‐of‐plane A1g mode has vanishing intensity under a certain strain. Such a strain‐induced behavior is found to be universal in the TMDC, and Raman intensity for the six TMDCs can be scaled as a function of Gruneissen parameter γ and Raman wavenumbers in the frame of Morse‐type function. The scaling behavior of Raman intensity and direct band gap in TMDCs indicates of some material‐independent picture which can be used for new understanding of properties and design of new‐type functional devices for electronic and optoelectronic application based on strain engineering.
Physiological role of silicon in radish seedlings under ammonium toxicity
Authors: Olivera Viciedo Dilier , de Mello Prado Renato , Lizcano Toledo Rodolfo , Salas Aguilar Dayami , dos Santos Luiz Claudio Nascimento , Calero Hurtado Alexander , Peña Calzada Kolima , Betancourt Aguilar Carmen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh concentrations of ammonium as the sole nitrogen source may result in physiological and nutritional disorders that can lead to reduced plant growth and toxicity. In this study, we hypothesized that ammonium toxicity in radish seedlings (Raphanus sativus L.) might be mitigated by the incorporation of silicon (Si) into applied nutrient solution. To examine this possibility, we conducted a hydroponic experiment to evaluate the effects of five concentrations of ammonium (1, 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 mmol L−1) on the photosynthesis, green color index, stomatal conductance, transpiration, instantaneous water‐use efficiency, and biomass production of radish in the absence and presence (2 mmol L−1) of Si. The experimental design was a randomized block design based on a 2 × 5 factorial scheme with four replicates.RESULTSThe highest concentration of applied ammonium (30 mmol L−1) was found to reduce the photosynthesis, transpiration and total dry biomass of radish seedlings, independent of the presence of Si in the nutrient solution. However, at lower ammonium concentrations, the application of Si counteracted these detrimental effects, and facilitated the production of seedlings with increased photosynthesis, greater instantaneous water‐use efficiency, and higher total dry biomass compared with the untreated plants (without Si). Transpiration and stomatal conductance were affected to lesser extents by the presence of Si.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that the addition of Si to nutrient solutions could provide an effective means of alleviating the unfavorable effects induced by ammonium toxicity at concentrations of less than 30 mmol L−1. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Yeast population dynamics during spontaneous fermentation of icewine and selection of indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for the winemaking in Qilian, China
Authors: Feng Li , Wang Jiaming , Ye Dongqing , Song Yuyang , Qin Yi , Liu Yanlin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIcewine produced in China is becoming popular, but there is only limited knowledge available on the yeast population that occurs during fermentation and also on the selection of indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for its production. In this work, we first investigated yeast species and the evolution of yeast population in spontaneous fermentations of icewine produced in the Qilian region of China and then analyzed the biodiversity and important enological properties of S. cerevisiae isolates.RESULTSSeven species of five genera including S. cerevisiae, S. uvarum, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia aff. fructicola and H. osmophila were identified by the colony morphology on Wallerstein Laboratory Nutrient medium and sequence analysis of the 26S rRNA gene D1/D2 domain. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, H. uvarum and L. thermotolerans were the dominant species, representing almost 87% of the total yeast isolates. Microvinification with seven preselected S. cerevisiae strains were performed on Vidal. All selected strains could complete fermentations, and the enochemical parameters were within the acceptable ranges of the wine industry. W5B3 produced higher amounts of ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate than other strains. R3A10 was a low volatile acid producer and the corresponding icewine presented the highest values on some odorants including β‐damascenone, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, ethyl 2‐methylbutyrate, and isoamyl alcohol. Vidal icewines fermented with R3A10, R3A16 and W5B3 were well accepted by the judges because of superior sensory quality.CONCLUSIONThree indigenous strains (R3A10, R3A16 and W5B3) could be used as starters and could potentially improve the regional character of the icewine in Qilian. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication of Cross‐Linked Anion Exchange Membranes Using a Pillar[5]arene Bearing Multiple Alkyl Bromide Head Groups as Cross‐Linker
Authors: Peng Jinwu , Liang Minhui , Cao Kaiyue , Liu Zhenchao , Wang Peng , Hu Wei , Jiang Zhenhua , Liu Baijun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA pillararene‐based macrocycle with up to 10 flexible chains bearing alkyl bromide head groups is synthesized and investigated for the first time as a multiarm cross‐linker for tertiary‐amine functionalized polyethersulfone. Different from any previously reported cross‐linker, this has a unique pillar‐shaped structure and abundant reactive sites to form multifunctional clusters in the conductive domain. This advantage enables cross‐linking to occur smoothly at the membrane‐casting stage and endows the cross‐linked membranes with improved performance. The cross‐linked anion exchange membranes are found to possess high conductivities and excellent alkaline stability. With a controllable swelling ratio of 19.5%, the maximum conductivity of a membrane can reach 155 mS cm–1 at 80 °C. Due to its local high‐density cross‐linked structure, a delay in degradation kinetics under alkaline condition can be observed, and the loss of conductivity is <10% after 400 h of alkaline stability test at 80 °C.
Virtual Screening and Design with Machine Intelligence Applied to Pim‐1 Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Schneider Petra , Welin Martin , Svensson Bo , Walse Björn , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLigand‐based virtual screening of large compound collections, combined with fast bioactivity determination, facilitate the discovery of bioactive molecules with desired properties. Here, chemical similarity based machine learning and label‐free differential scanning fluorimetry were used to rapidly identify new ligands of the anticancer target Pim‐1 kinase. The three‐dimensional crystal structure complex of human Pim‐1 with ligand bound revealed an ATP‐competitive binding mode. Generative de novo design with a recurrent neural network additionally suggested innovative molecular scaffolds. Results corroborate the validity of the chemical similarity principle for rapid ligand prototyping, suggesting the complementarity of similarity‐based and generative computational approaches.
Feasibility study of patient‐specific energy verification using a multilayer acrylic‐disk radiation sensor
Authors: Son Jaeman , Shin Dongho , Kim Taeho , Park Sukwon , Rah Jeong‐Eun 
Published: June 2020

PurposeObtaining an integral depth‐dose (IDD) curve using a recently developed acrylic‐disk radiation sensor (ADRS) is time‐consuming because its single structure requires point‐by‐point measurements in a water phantom. The goal of this study was to verify the ability of a newly designed multilayer ADRS, composed of 20 layers, to measure the energy of proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) in patient‐specific quality assurance (QA).Materials and methodsThe multilayer ADRS consisted of a disk‐type transmitter, with a diameter of 15 cm and with a thickness of 1 mm, surrounded by a thin optical fiber; this ADRS provided a higher spatial resolution than the single ADRS, which was 2 mm. The dosimetric characteristics of the multilayer ADRS were determined to accurately measure the energy delivered layer‐by‐layer. We selected five patients to verify the energy measured using the multilayer ADRS from the actual clinical proton therapy plans. The accuracy of the results measured using the multilayer ADRS was compared with that of measurements by a Bragg peak ionization chamber (IC) and that calculated by a Monte Carlo TOPAS simulation.ResultsThe difference between the multilayer ADRS measurements and those of the TOPAS simulation was within 1% for all patients. The ranges, corresponding to the beam energies for each patient, measured using the multilayer ADRS were closer to those calculated using the TOPAS simulation than those measured using the Bragg peak IC.ConclusionsThe multilayer ADRS is well suited to verifying the energy of a pencil beam. The acrylic materials used in its configuration make this device easier to use and more cost‐effective than conventional detectors. This device, with its high extensibility and stability, may be applicable as a new dosimetry tool for PBS.
Why adaptive management will not save us: Exploring management directives' interaction with practice
Authors: Gutheil Lena 
Published: June 2020

SummarySparked by the critique of practitioners and academics on the excessive managerialisation of development project management, the donor community turns increasingly towards adaptive management approaches. Rather than examining the effectiveness of the new adaptive management trend, the article deals with the more fundamental question of how the underlying relationship between management frameworks and practice can be characterised. To this end, the article analyses the practices of a select number of Dutch Civil Society consortia that are working with a new adaptive management framework. Making use of a practice theory approach, the analysis finds that rules are not directly translated into practice. The presented rules (innovations) are always mediated by antecedent practice, shared histories and interactions amongst individuals, communities and artefacts. Notably, the flexibility provided for in the framework does not reach all links in the aid chain equally and is counterbalanced by the institutional realities of the aid system. The article therewith adds to the literature on everyday development management cautioning against overestimating the effects of management tools, as they operate within and are determined by the funding and accountability requirements of the larger aid regime.