bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of Measuring Over-Piston Clearances of Automotive Diesel Engines in Operating Conditions
Authors: Антропов Б.С. , Капралов В.В. , Гуменный В.В. , Генералов В.А. 
Published: September 2020

На современных автомобильных дизельных двигателях предусмотрены конструктивные мероприятия, позволяющие выдерживать оптимальные надпоршневые зазоры в цилиндрах при их сборке на заводе-изготовителе. На двигателях отечественного производства зазоры достигаются разбивкой поршней на группы, в зависимости от размера между осью отверстия и днищем поршня, а также применением стальных прокладок газового стыка различной толщины. В процессе эксплуатации, при ремонте двигателей ЯМЗ и КамАЗ, в большинстве случаев указанные зазоры не выдерживаются в оптимальных пределах из-за отсутствия информации о методах их замеров. Это обстоятельство в конечном итоге приводит к тому, что двигатели после ремонта имеют повышенные расход топлива и дымность отработавших газов. Рассмотрены простые и нетрудоёмкие методы определения надпоршневых зазоров и способы их регулирования для достижения оптимальных значений, рекомендуемых заводами-изготовителями.
Structural measures that can withstand optimal piston clearance in the cylinders when they are assembled at the manufacturing factory are provided on modern automotive diesel engines. On engines of domestic manufacture clearances are achieved by breaking down the pistons into groups depending on the size between the central hole axis and the piston top and also using steel gaskets of the gas-tight joint of various thicknesses. During operation and the repairing of Yaroslavl Engine Plant and KamAZ engines in most cases these clearances are not maintained within optimal limits due to the lack of information about the methods of their measurements. This circumstance in the last analysis leads to the fact that the engines after repair have increased fuel consumption and smoking at the exhaust. Simple and labor saving methods for determining the over-piston clearances and methods for their regulation to achieve optimal values recommended by manufacturing factories are considered.
Respon Peternak Domba Terhadap Pencegahan Haemonchosis Menggunakan Ekstrak Serbuk Kulit Nanas (Ananas Comosus L) di Desa Ngadipuro Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Sunarsih Sunarsih , Hayati Fitri Nur , Kusuma Yudiani Rina 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian dilaksanakan tanggal 3 Mei sampai 30 Juni 2019 di Desa Ngadipuro Kecamatan Dukun Kabupaten Magelang. Tujuan Penelitian adalah mengetahui respon peternak dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi respon peternak terhadap pencegahan haemonchosis menggunakan ekstrak serbuk kulit nanas. Desain pengkajian menggunakan teknik One-Shot Case Study. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sensus yaitu seluruh peternak yang tergabung dalam kelompok ternak di Desa Ngadipuro sebanyak 31 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Pengukuran respon terdiri dari aspek kognitif, afektif, dan konatif. Penentuan respon peternak di kelompokkan menjadi 5 kategori, yaitu sangat rendah, rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan respon digunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis respon peternak diperoleh skor 1795 dan skor rata-rata 57,9 (Tinggi). Hasil uji F (simultan) variabel umur, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman beternak, kepemilikan ternak, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap respon peternak P<α (0,001<0,05). Hasil uji T, umur berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap respon P<α (0,000<0,01) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar -0,649, tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap respon P>α (0,243>0,05) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar -2,435, pengalaman beternak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap respon P<α (0,016<0,05) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,643, kepemilikan ternak berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap respon P>α (0,461>0,05) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,452, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap respon P>α (0,549>0,05) dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,945. Simpulan: respon peternak pada kategori tinggi. Secara simultan variabel independen sangat berpengaruh terhadap respon (P<0,01). faktor yang mempengaruhi respon peternak adalah umur (P<0,01) dan pengalaman beternak (P<0,05).
CORONAVÍRUS: COMO A PANDEMIA ESCANCAROU A DESIGUALDADE E PARALISOU A EDUCAÇÃO NO DISTRITO FEDERAL
Authors: Nakata Cláudio Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

O Distrito Federal (DF), seguindo os padrões da educação no Brasil, apresenta resultados inexpressivos em termos de rendimento escolar e índices preocupantes de violência escolar. Diante deste cenário, surge a pandemia da Covid-19, causada pelo novo Coronavírus obrigando a sociedade a ficar em isolamento e, em consequência, ao fechamento dos estabelecimentos de ensino no DF. Por ser uma situação inédita, a Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal (SEEDF) levou certo tempo para se organizar e reagir ao novo cenário. A impossibilidade da aula presencial obrigou o governo distrital a criar novas estratégias de ensino, o que seguiu na direção do uso de recursos tecnológicos como plataformas digitais, escancarando a desigualdade na educação. Boa parte dos estudantes não possuem equipamentos eletrônicos e acesso à internet. A maioria das escolas não possuem a infraestrutura para implementar o ensino à distância e grande parte dos professores não estão capacitados ou familiarizados com o uso das ferramentas tecnológica. Este trabalho é um relato de experiência de um professor da educação básica que vivenciou o impacto da pandemia na rede pública de ensino do DF. O texto descreve a realidade da educação antes da pandemia e as medidas adotadas pelo Governo após a chegada do novo Coronavírus e tem como objetivo levar o leitor a uma reflexão sobre a reinvenção da educação para o período pós-pandemia.
ANALISIS DESAIN SISTEM PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA KAPASITAS 150 WP SEBAGAI SUPLAI ENERGI PADA FOTOBIOREAKTOR MIKROALGA
Authors: Hindarti Fifin , Ayuningtyas Endah 
Published: September 2020

Energi baru dan terbarukan bukan hanya merupakan energi alternatif yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi yang semakin meningkat, tapi juga merupakan energi hijau yang tidak menimbulkan dampak berbahaya bagi manusia dan lingkungan seperti pada energi yang berasal dari fosil. Penerapan sel surya sebagai sumber energi listrik pada fotobioreaktor tempat budidaya mikroalga merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengembangkan energi baru dan terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan inovasi teknologi dalam bidang budidaya mikroalga menggunakan panel surya sebagai pengkonversi energi matahari menjadi energi listrik.Perancangan pembangkit listrik tenaga surya skala kecil yang akan digunakan untuk mensuplai kebutuhan energi dari fotobioreaktor adalah menggunakan panel surya dengan kapasitas 150 wp. Panel surya sebagai pengkonversi energi, solar charge controller sebagai pengatur keseimbangan arus listrik. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu: tahap pengumpulan data awal, tahap pengembangan sistem, dan tahap pengumpulan data penelitian. Kebutuhan energi yang akan dipenuhi adalah untuk menghidupkan lampu dan aerator,Hasil pengujian sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga surya yang telah dirancang menunjukkanÂ bahwa daya keluaran rata-rata mencapai 45,18 Watt dan arus yang didapatkan sebesar 3,7 Ampere.
Millimeter-VLBI Detection and Imaging of the Gravitationally Lensed γ-Ray Blazar JVAS B0218+357
Authors: Hada Kazuhiro , Niinuma Kotaro , Sitarek Julian , Spingola Cristiana , Hirano Ayumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We observed the gravitationally lensed blazar JVAS B0218+357 with the KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) at 22, 43, and 86 GHz. The source has recently been identified as an active γ-ray source up to GeV/TeV energy bands, rendering a unique target for studying relativistic jets through gravitational lensing. Here we report the first robust very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) detection and imaging of the lensed images up to 86 GHz. The detected milliarcsecond-scale/parsec-scale morphology of the individual lensed images (A and B) is consistent with that previously seen at 22 and 15 GHz, showing the core–jet morphology with the jet direction being the same as at the low frequencies. The radio spectral energy distributions of the lensed images become steeper at higher frequencies, indicating that the innermost jet regions become optically thin to synchrotron emission. Our findings confirm that the absorption effects due to the intervening lensing galaxy become negligible at millimeter wavelengths. These results indicate that high-frequency VLBI observations are a powerful tool to better recover the intrinsic properties of lensed active galactic nucleus jets, which therefore allow us to study the interplay between the low- and high-energy emission.
Blazar Radio and Optical Survey (BROS): A Catalog of Blazar Candidates Showing Flat Radio Spectrum and Their Optical Identification in Pan-STARRS1 Surveys
Authors: Itoh Ryosuke , Utsumi Yousuke , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Ohta Kouji , Doi Akihiro , Morokuma Tomoki , Kawabata Koji S. , Tanaka Yasuyuki T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Utilizing the latest and the most sensitive radio and optical catalogs, we completed a new blazar candidate catalog, Blazar Radio and Optical Survey (BROS), which includes 88,211 sources located at decl. δ > −40° and outside the galactic plane (

). We list compact flat-spectrum radio sources of α > −0.6 (α is defined as F

ν
∝ ν

α
) from 0.15 GHz TGSS to 1.4 GHz NVSS catalogs. We further identify optical counterparts of the selected sources by cross-matching with Pan-STARRS1 photometric data. Color–color and color–magnitude plots for the selected BROS sources clearly show two distinct populations, a “quasar-like” population consisting of both flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac type objects. On the other hand, an “elliptical-like” population of mostly BL Lac type objects is buried in the elliptical galaxy. The latter population is also reported in previous catalogs, but the BROS catalog provided a new larger sample of this population, due to the lower radio flux threshold of our selection. Model calculations show that the “elliptical-like” population consists of elliptical galaxies located at redshift z ≲ 0.5, which is also supported by the logN-logS distribution of the power-law index of 1.49 ± 0.05. This BROS catalog is useful for identifying the electromagnetic counterparts of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and PeV neutrinos recently detected by IceCube, as well as nearby BL Lac objects detectable by future high-sensitivity TeV telescopes, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array.
Where Are the Extrasolar Mercuries?
Authors: Doyle Alexandra E. , Klein Beth , Schlichting Hilke E. , Young Edward D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We utilize observations of 16 white dwarf stars to calculate and analyze the oxidation states of the parent bodies accreting onto stars. Oxygen fugacity, which is a measure of overall oxidation state for rocks, is as important as pressure and temperature in determining the structure of a planet. We find that most of the extrasolar rocky bodies formed under oxidizing conditions, but that ∼1/4 of the polluted white dwarfs have compositions that are consistent with more reduced parent bodies. The difficulty in constraining the oxidation states of relatively reduced bodies is discussed and a model for the time-dependent evolution of the apparent oxygen fugacity for a hypothetical reduced body engulfed by a WD is investigated. The differences in diffusive fluxes of various elements through the WD envelope yield spurious inferred bulk elemental compositions and oxidation states of the accreting parent bodies under certain conditions. The worst case for biasing against detection of reduced bodies occurs for high effective temperatures. For moderate and low effective temperatures, the evidence for relatively reduced parent bodies is preserved under most circumstances for at least several characteristic lifetimes of the debris disk.
Anisotropy of Velocity Centroids and the Signature of Different MHD Modes in the Turbulent ISM
Authors: Hernández-Padilla D. , Esquivel A. , Lazarian A. , Pogosyan D. , Kandel D. , Cho J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Magnetic turbulence is anisotropic because the directions of motion are constrained by the magnetic field. Such anisotropy can be observed in velocity centroids obtained from spectroscopic observations. We use magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations to produce synthetic spectroscopic observations (position–position–velocity data) and study the anisotropy in the structure function of velocity centroid maps. We decomposed the velocity in the simulations into Alfvén, slow, and fast modes and studied how each of them contributes to the observed anisotropy. We found that when the angle between the line of sight and the mean magnetic field is large the Alfvén mode dominates the observed anisotropy, while for smaller angles the anisotropy is not large enough to be used to probe the magnetization of the medium, and it is dominated by the slow mode. Our results are in fair agreement with the theoretical predictions in Kandel et al.
The Magnetic Topology and Eruption Mechanism of a Multiple-ribbon Flare
Authors: Qiu Ye , Guo Yang , Ding Mingde , Zhong Ze 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Multiple-ribbon flares are usually complex in their magnetic topologies and eruption mechanisms. In this paper, we investigate an X2.1 flare (SOL2015-03-11T16:22) that occurred in active region 12297 near the center of the solar disk by both potential and nonlinear force-free field models extrapolated with the data observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. We calculate the three-dimensional squashing degree distribution. The results reveal that there are two flux ropes in this active region covered by a large-scale hyperbolic flux tube (HFT), which is the intersection of quasi-separatrix layers with a null point embedded in it. When the background magnetic field diminishes due to the separation of the northwest dipole and the flux cancellation, the central flux rope rises up, forming the two brightest central ribbons. It then squeezes the overlying HFT structure to generate further brightenings. This very energetic flare with a complex shape is accompanied by a coronal mass ejection (CME). We adopt the simplified line-tied force-balance equation of the current ring model and assign the observed value of the decay index to the equation to simulate the acceleration profile of the CME in the early stage. It is found that the path with an inclination of 45° from radial best fits the profile of the actual acceleration.
AstroSat UVIT Detections of Chandra X-Ray Sources in M31
Authors: Leahy D. A. , Chen Y. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An ultraviolet (UV) survey of M31 has been carried out during 2017–19 with the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) instrument on board the AstroSat Observatory. Here we match the M31 UVIT source catalog with the Chandra source catalog. We find 67 UVIT/Chandra sources detected in a varying number of UV and X-ray bands. The UV and X-ray photometry is analyzed using power-law and blackbody models. The X-ray types include 15 low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and five active galactic nuclei. Crossmatches with catalogs of stars, clusters, and other source types yield the following: 20 of the UVIT/Chandra sources match with M31 globular clusters, and nine with foreground stars. Three more globular clusters and two more foreground stars are consistent with the UVIT source positions although outside the Chandra match radius of 1″. The UV emission of the UVIT/Chandra sources associated with globular clusters is consistent with emission from blue horizontal branch stars rather than from the X-ray source. The LMXBs in globular clusters are among the most luminous globular clusters in M31. Comparison with stellar evolutionary tracks shows that the UVIT/Chandra sources with high UV blackbody temperatures are consistent with massive (10–30 M
⊙) stars in M31.
Tubicolous polychaete worms (Annelida) from Bahía de Chamela Islands Sanctuary, Mexico, with the description of a new bamboo worm
Authors: Yáñez-Rivera Beatriz , Tovar-Hernández María Ana , Galván-Villa Cristian , Ríos-Jara Eduardo 
Published: September 2020

The islands and islets of Bahía de Chamela, in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, were declared as the first marine sanctuary in Mexico and has been protected since 2002. Their marine biodiversity has been documented in a series of papers in the last decade, but only three species of polychaete worms have been reported.Sixteen species of sedentary polychaete worms belonging to the families Maldanidae, Oweniidae, Sabellariidae, Sabellidae and Serpulidae are reported to the Bahía de Chamela Islands Sanctuary, 15 of these species constituting the first records in the area.Isocirrus tropicus(Monro, 1928) (Monro 1928) andNotaulax californica(Treadwell, 1906) (Treadwell 1906) constitute new records to Mexico;Idanthyrsus mexicanusKirtley, 1904 (Kirtley 1994) is first recorded since its description and one species of bamboo worm (Maldanidae) is described as new to science. The new species belongs to the genusClymenuraVerril, 1900 (Verrill 1900) and its characterised by the presence of a glandular shield on chaetiger 8; a cephalic plaque oval with smooth margins and a rounded palpode; nuchal organs straight, parallel, almost full length of plaque; manubriavicular uncini present from chaetiger 1 with 3–4 teeth above the main fang without hairs or bristles; two pre-anal achaetous segments with tori; an anal funnel with alternating triangular cirri, being the longest that are located mid-ventrally.
Effects of Vestibular Rehabilitation and Pharmacological Therapy in Patients with Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Aydin İsa , Gökçay Figen , Karapolat Hale , Eraslan Sevinç , Bilgen Cem , Kirazli Tayfun , Tanıgör Göksel , Köse Timur , Çelebisoy Neşe 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to compare the results of pharmacologic management options and vestibular rehabilitation (VR) programs in the context of dizziness, balance problems, and headache in patients with vestibular migraine.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients with migraine with vestibular symptoms were evaluated in three groups in the neurology, physical medicine, and rehabilitation and otorhinolaryngology clinics of a medical school hospital. The groups were defined as routine pharmacologic therapy (PT), VR, or both. Patients were evaluated with static posturography, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale as primary outcome measures and symptom frequency and severity (headaches and vertigo attacks) as secondary outcome measures. In-group and between-group comparisons were made using relevant statistical methods.

Results:
DHI scores were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in all treatment groups. ABC scores increased significantly (P < 0.001) in patients taking PT and those on VR + PT. Posturographic examinations revealed that sway velocity values recorded on foam with eyes closed, which targets vestibular assessment, were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in groups taking VR either alone or with PT. VR benefited patients with migraine in terms of headaches, vertigo attack frequency, intensity, and duration.

Conclusion:
Patients with predominant vestibular disorders can benefit from VR alone, and patients with combined symptoms (headache and vertigo) can benefit from pharmacologic and rehabilitation therapies.
PARANOIA AND JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Kamrani Farhan , Kamrani Nabila , Kamrani Farrukh 
Published: September 2020

The present study investigated the relationship between paranoia and job satisfaction. Paranoia is defined as suspiciousness and the feeling of being threatened even if there is no proof of real threat. Paranoia is a concept that is often ignored in researches in Pakistan and rarely explored in context of any concept related to occupational life. After a detailed literature review, it was hypothesized that paranoia would be negatively correlated to job satisfaction. The sample of the present research consisted of 154 professionals (77 male, 77 female) from different work settings. Paranoia was measured with the Feingstein Paranoia Scale Urdu version (FPSU) and job satisfaction was measured by the Generic Job Satisfaction Scale (GJSS). Statistical analysis though Pearson Product Moment Correlation indicates that there is a strong negative correlation between paranoia and job satisfaction. Recommendations for employers and policy makers, avenues of future researches are discussed.
Color Sensor Application on Electric Drives
Authors: Risfendra Risfendra , Rosyid M Harun 
Published: September 2020

TCS3200 is one type of sensor that able to identify various types of colors. Its ability to distinguish colors can be used to identify and select various types of objects. To find out the benefits of the TCS300 sensor, a study was made to know implement the TCS3200 sensor function on several electric drive and devices. The TCS3200 sensor application will be made using a 5V DC relay (to start or stop the electric drive) and several electronic devices. This tool uses media in the form of color cards as input data. The card will be read by the TCS3200 sensor, after that the reading data will be received by the Atmega8535 microcontroller, then the results will be displayed on several application devices such as relays, LCD, speaker and LED as outputs. After doing research, the TCS3200 sensor can detect the color cards that have been provided. Based on the program that has been compiled, the Sensor is able to distinguish 9 types of colors, set the switch of 3 electric drive and displaying information of color.
TCS3200 adalah salah satu jenis sensor yang mampu mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis warna. Kemampuannya dalam membedakan warna dapat digunakan sebagai pemilih dan pengendali kerja pada beberapa perangkat kelistrikan. Untuk mengetahui manfaat sensor TCS300, sebuah penelitian dilakukan guna mengetahui fungsi sensor TCS3200 pada beberapa penggerak dan perangkat listrik. Pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah aplikasi sensor TCS3200 dalam bentuk perangkat relay DC 5V (untuk memulai atau menghentikan penggerak listrik) dan beberapa perangkat elektronik. Alat ini menggunakan media dalam bentuk kartu warna sebagai input data. Kartu akan dibaca oleh sensor TCS3200, setelah itu data pembacaan akan diterima oleh mikrokontroler Atmega8535, kemudian hasilnya akan ditampilkan pada beberapa perangkat aplikasi seperti relay, LCD, speaker dan LED sebagai output. Sensor akan bekerja membaca warna dalam jarak 2,5 cm dari objek warna. Setelah melakukan penelitian, sensor TCS3200 dapat mendeteksi kartu warna yang telah disediakan. Berdasarkan program yang telah disusun, Sensor mampu membedakan 9 jenis warna dan membutuhkan waktu 1 - 2 detik untuk mengaktifkan output setelah input warna diberikan.