bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflict of interest disclosure and interpretation - rest assured the medical professional in the audience is perceptive, alert and smart
Authors: Parikh Purvish M. , Narayanan P. , Vora A. , Gulia A. , Mullapally S. K. , Rangrajan B. , Gupta S. , Mehta P. , Hingmire S. , Kulkarni P. , Parekh B. , Ghadyalpatil N. , Babu G. , Singh R. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:
We present data from a systematic survey on conflict of interest (COI) disclosure and its interpretation by the doctors participating in continuing medical education (CME).

Methods:
A brief 12 question online Google survey with multiple choice options (read, select, and click) was done among Indian practicing doctors using links shared through WhatsApp through the internet over a 72 h period.

Results:
Of the 386 replies, 373 unique replies were eligible for evaluation. The majority found CME activities beneficial. About 73% of participants would watch out for bias, even if the speaker shows COI disclosure slide. The use of brand/trade names was considered as a flag for bias by the majority. About 99% wanted the speaker to show a final take home message slide. Cross verification of the data presented by comparing to published data was done in more than 75% of instances by only 25% of the participating doctors. A significantly higher number of doctors found bias when CME activities were being organized by the health-care industry as compared to programs of medical bodies/societies/organizations.

Discussion:
COI considerations are given due to the importance of medical professionals. However, doctors are smart enough to understand the limitations of such disclosures and remain alert to ensure they are not influenced by any bias. Take home message slide gives the presenters opportunity to share their insights and allows the audience to make their own judgment on the impartiality of the data presented. The doctors are aware that bias could be more when CME activities are organized by healthcare industry and take appropriate precautions.

Conclusion:
COI is is given due importance by the medical professionals. COI disclosures are often incomplete. Doctors remain alert to ensure they are not influenced by biased presentations. Concluding take home message slide is unanimously recommended. Presentation bias is more when healthcare industry is directly organizing educational and promotional activities.
Mediclaim insurance challenges and solutions – Doctors supporting patients: A Medic LAWgic initiative
Authors: Parikh Purvish M. , Bhosale B. , Lokeshwar N. , Kamath M. , Kumar A. , Gulia A. , Gandhi P. , Talele A. , Deshmukh C. , Patel A. , Pal D. , Ranjan S. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:
Because patients covered by medical insurance are being denied legitimate claims, doctors are working shoulder to shoulder with them and have garnered significant experience in this matter. We, therefore, decided to a systematic survey under the Medic LAWgic banner and presented the data.

Methods:
A short, 8-question multiple-choice survey was conducted online among doctor clinicians. Duplicate replies were removed. The remaining replies were evaluated, interpreted, and the data are being presented here.

Results:
A total of 377 doctors responded. The majority (208, 55%) had faced problems with medical insurance claims in more than 10% of their patients. Almost half of them (48%) had outright rejection of the claims in more than 10% of their patients. Reduction in claim amounts was faced in more than 10% instances by 262 (70%). The five most common causes for refusal or rejection of claims included failure of patient to disclose pre-existing illness (234, 62%), other insurance policy terms related issues (157, 42%), oral medication (199, 53%), treatment without admission (155, 41%), and treatment with new modes of therapy (152, 40%). As many as 301/377 (80%) doctors had written letters to the insurance companies for supporting their patients’ claim. Such supporting letters from the treating doctors resulted in the claim being accepted or approved in 216 instances (57%).

Discussion:
Mediclaim denial is a major and growing problem. People who need financial assistance the most are also the most vulnerable to denial. In the USA, such denial rates ranged from 1% to 45% of in-network claims in the year 2017. Unfortunately, <0.5% of patients appealed such claim denial. The insurance regulatory and development authority of India (IRDA) have issued guidelines that all claims need to be settled within 30 days and that insurance companies must fulfill their contractual commitment for genuine claims, even if timely intimation was not possible. Insurance companies are running a business for profit. Hence, even the most expensive plans will have a list of exclusions, in the fine print. Indian patients need to be proactive in following up when claims are rejected or reduced. Doctors are their pillar of support, whose advantage needs to be taken by them. IRDA and consumer courts are also looking after patients’ rights in this matter.

Conclusion:
Patients are increasingly facing challenge of medical insurance companies denying legitimate claims. Doctors help by writing to the insurance companies supporting their patients claim and such letters help in the majority of instances. Patients and their families need to follow up aggressively when their claims are not approved, rejected or reduced. They should also request the help of their doctors when facing such challenges.
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: An urban perspective
Authors: Patil Reshma , Gothankar Jayashree 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is rising to an alarming epidemic level; hence, strategies formulated based on the risk factors can be helpful to curb the rising trend of the same.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus and correlate it with various risk factors and sociodemographic variables.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected wards under the field practice area of Urban Health Training Center of Private Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra. A total of 425 subjects aged 20 years and above residing in the study area were screened for diabetes mellitus. Risk factors such as age, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), family history of diabetes, and physical activities were recorded. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using Chi-square test.

Results:
The prevalence of diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus found in this study was 9.88%. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes as age increases (age 20–34 years: 1.66%, 35–49 years: 7.53%, ≥50 years: 15.66%, and P < 0.05). Furthermore, male gender, obesity, waist circumference, WHR, and diabetes mellitus were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Risk factors such as rising age, family history of diabetes mellitus, lack of physical activity, and central obesity were the most common factors found in diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, lifestyle changes and awareness regarding risk factors is needed to make control over the diabetes.
Estimation of serum electrolyte concentration among fuel pump/petrol station workers in Kirkuk city
Authors: Dlawer Abdulhammed Ahmad  
Published: October 2019

Occupational exposure to petrol has been reported to cause serious health hazards especially liver and kidney disease. Electrolytes like Na+, K+, and Cl- are the important mediators of several physiological functions. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of petrol exposure on the serum electrolyte concentration among the workers at the Kirkuk petrol station. The cross-sectional study analyzed 29 petrol pump workers who were continuously exposed to petrol more at least one year in the Kirkuk city and did not have a history of any systemic illness, and 10 healthy age-matched controls who never had exposure to petrol were enrolled. The serum electrolyte levels (Na+, K+, and Cl-) were assessed in the petrol station workers working at Kirkuk city petrol station and the controls by FUJI DRI-CHEM system (Fujifilm (Japan) and expressed as mmol/l. These serum electrolyte levels were compared between the workers and the controls by Mann-Whitney U test and p values ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the participants in the study were males. None of the participants was smokers or alcohol consumers. No significant (p=0.32) difference was found in the mean age of the petrol station workers (34.22±6.57) years and the controls (36.70±6.33) years. The serum Na+ levels were significantly higher in the petrol station workers as compared to the controls. Similarly, serum Cl- levels were significantly higher in the petrol station workers as compared to the controls. Although the levels of the electrolytes studied were in the normal recommended range but the levels of Na+ and Cl-were significantly higher in the petrol station workers than the controls. Extensive studies involving larger sample sizes should be conducted to conclude the effect of petrol exposure on the electrolyte levels.
Copper oxide nanoparticles synthesis and characterization using UV-vis spectrophotometer and TEM
Authors: Sadhvi B  , Rajeshkumar S  , Anitha Roy  , Lakshmi T  
Published: October 2019

To synthesise Copper oxide nanoparticles and study it's characterisation using UV -viz - Spectrophotometer and TEM. Copper oxide nanoparticles are eco-friendly, cost-efficient and diverse utilisation all over the medical field. The shape of the CuO nanoparticles are spherical, and its characterisation is done using SEM, TEM, and UV-vis techniques. The size of the nanoparticles mediated in each plant extract differs from one another. MATERIALS AND METHODS * Collection and Preparation of Plant extracts. * Synthesis Of CuONPs * Characterization of copper nanoparticles * preparation of nanoparticles powder. The plant extract is in green colour, and the CuO nanoparticles are seen in light yellowish in colour. Uv-VIS SPECTROMETER: The particle size ranges from 2-100nm and shape is spherical. The graph reached its peak at the wavelength of 300nm. The TEM shows spherical shape, dispersion and versatile nanoparticles. They appear to be arranged in a cluster, open and quasi-linear superstructures. This research shows that CuO nanoparticles shows excellent biocompatibility. The particles which are smaller in size shows great immunity. Hence the nanoparticles are expected to be used in future for effective drug systems.
Perbandingan pH Dan Daya Sebar Krim Ekstrak Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus (L). Merr)
Authors: Gunawan Indra 
Published: October 2019

<p>Penyakit kulit akibat jamur merupakan insiden nomor tiga dari seluruh kasus penyakit kulit di Indonesia setelah penyakit infeksi dan alergi. Penelitian ekstrak kulit nanas (<em>Ananas comosus </em>(L) Merr.) terbukti mempunyai daya hambat tehadap pertumbuhan jamur <em>Trichophyton rubrum </em>dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 24,6 mm. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan krim ekstrak kulit nanas (<em>Ananas comosus </em>(L) Merr.) dengan konsentrasi nanas biasa 10% (F1), 12% (F2), nanas madu 10% (F3), 12% (F4) serta kontrol negatif (F0) yang memenuhi persyaratan sediaan krim. Pembuatan krim esktrak kulit nanas menggunakan fase minyak dalam air. Bahan yang digunakan dalam formulasi; asam stearat, cera alba, vaselin album, triethanolamine, propilen glikol, dan aquades. Uji daya sebar dilakukan untuk melihat diameter penyebaran krim dan uji pH krim dilakukan menggunakan pembanding pH kulit manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa krim ekstrak kulit nanas biasa dan nanas madu (<em>Ananas comosus </em>(L) Merr.) berwarna coklat muda, berbau khas, dan memiliki tekstur setengah padat cenderung padat. pH krim yang memenuhi persyaratan adalah F2, F3, dan F4. Hasil pengolahan <em>Several Independent Test</em> menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis H terhadap pH dan daya sebar (F0, F1, F2, F3,dan F4) didapatkan hasil nilai Sig &lt; α (nilai α= 0,05) yang berarti nilai nya berbeda secara signifikan.</p>
How Company Manage Stakeholder Engagement For Sustainable Tourism Development In Indonesia?
Authors: Atmadi Gayatri 
Published: October 2019

The background of this research is that in the past, the increasing trend of mountain climbing in Indonesia has reportedly raised environmental problems, especially regarding the tremendous volume of rubbish left behind mountain climbers. Plastic waste threatens the Indonesia tourism industry in mountain areas. The government stated that the continuously increasing plastic waste threatens to ruin Indonesia's tourism sector. The mineral water industry is one of the government's primary focuses in its plastic waste reduction. As Indonesia's largest plastic-bottled mineral water brand, Aqua is pledging to remove more plastic from the environment than it uses by 2025. The purpose of the research is to get a descriptive analysis of how the company can manage its stakeholder engagement for reducing plastic waste in Indonesia. This research employed a qualitative narrative analysis method with a case study around Aqua’s efforts for reducing plastic waste in Indonesia and data collected from digital media. The principal results of the research show that Aqua made good collaboration between the Trashbag Community Indonesia, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and media journalists on the program “Sapujagad 2017" by removing 5 tons of rubbish from Indonesia's mountains. In conclusion, a successful company must do stakeholder engagement and corporate social responsibility activities for supporting sustainable tourism development in Indonesia.
Effectiveness of Prolonged Air-Recuring on Strength of Fire Damaged RC Columns
Authors: Ehsan Muhammad Adeel , Yaqub Muhammad , Khan M. Uzair , Amir M. Umar Abdur rehman , Hussain Iqrar 
Published: October 2019

In this study, the effect of post-fire prolonged air-recuring on the recovery of strength of reinforced concrete was investigated after exposing to elevated temperature levels varying from 300 ºC to 900 ºC. The main objective of the paper is to find the effectiveness of prolonged air-recuring on strength of fire damaged RC columns. In order to achieve this, a total of 24 reinforced concrete circular columns having size 200 1200 mm were casted and tested under compressive loading. Eighteen specimens were heated in an electric furnace such that six specimens at each temperature level i.e. 300ºC, 500 ºC and 900 ºC. After heating, specimens were allowed to cool down naturally at ambient temperature and then specimens were air-recured in open environment (high humidity) following by repairing of respective specimens with various confinement techniques. After post fire prolonged air-recuring, test results showed that decrease in axial compressive at all temperature levels was less compared to values reported in literature for corresponding temperatures. This confirms the recovery of microstructure and thus increase in strength of post heated reinforced concrete circular columns due to prolonged air-recuring. It has been observed that both the confinement techniques i.e. single layer of CFRP only and epoxy injection, steel wire mesh filled with epoxy resin mortar along with CFRP wrapping restored the original strength or even more of air-recured post heated reinforced concrete circular columns compared to that of un-heated control specimens or even more.
Non-Smooth Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Extended Finite Element Method
Authors: Abbas Eman , Al-Zuhairi Alaa H. 
Published: October 2019

Flexure members such as reinforced concrete (RC) simply supported beams subjected to two-point loading were analyzed numerically. The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was employed for the treatment the non-smooth h behaviour such as discontinuities and singularities. This method is a powerful technique used for the analysis of the fracture process and crack propagation in concrete. Concrete is a heterogeneous material that consists of coarse aggregate, cement mortar and air voids distributed in the cement paste. Numerical modeling of concrete comprises a two-scale model, using mesoscale and macroscale numerical models. The effectiveness and validity of the Meso-Scale Approach (MSA) in modeling of the reinforced concrete beams with minimum reinforcement was studied. ABAQUS program was utilized for Finite Element (FE) modeling and analysis of the beams. On the other hand, mesoscale modeling of concrete constituents was executed with the aid of ABAQUS PYTHON language and programing using excel sheets. The concrete beams under flexure were experimentally investigated as well as by the numerical analysis. The comparison between experimental and numerical results showed that the mesoscale model gives a better indication for representing the concrete models in the numerical approach and a more appropriate result when compared with the experimental results.
SAVAŞ STRATEJİSİNDE İSTİHBARATIN ÖNEMİ
Authors: ÇITAK Emre 
Published: October 2019

Önlemeye yönelik tüm girişimlere ve bu doğrultuda ortaya konulan fikir akımlarına rağmen savaşların meydan gelmelerindeki süreklilik, devletleri her an bir savaş durumunda kalma ihtimaline karşı hazır olmaya zorlamaktadır. Savaşın bir zorunluluk olduğu durumlarda da kazanmak için uygun stratejilerin ortaya konulması oldukça önemlidir. Geleneksel savaş stratejileri sadece askerî terimlerle ifade edilse de günümüzde savaşların değişen doğası nedeniyle savaş stratejileri askerî, siyasî, ekonomik, toplumsal, teknolojik alanları da içine alan çok boyutlu bir yapıya ulaşmıştır. Savaşan tarafların kimliği, savaş sahaları, kullanılan yöntemler, savaş süresi, düşman-dost algısı, silah ve araçlar büyük bir değişime uğramıştır. Sıcak çatışmaların yanına aktörler arasında yürütülen pek çok savaş türü eklenmiştir. Böylece de yeni bir savaş anlayışı ortaya çıkmıştır. Savaş alanındaki gelişmeler ışığında günümüzde savaş stratejisi oluşturmanın devletleri hiç olmadığı kadar zorladığını söylemek gerekmektedir. Bu zorlu işte devletler, yoğun şekilde istihbarat faaliyetlerine başvurmaktadırlar. İstihbarat faaliyetleri ile; savaş stratejilerinin oluşturulmasında son derece önemli olan öze ve düşmanlara yönelik bilgilerin toplanması, tarafların kapasitelerin belirlenmesi, mevcut ve olası tehditlerin ve tehdit kaynaklarının tespit edilmesi, olası savaşların ve çatışmaların gerçekleşebileceği yer ve zamanla ilgili öngörülerin yapılması, önleyici faaliyetlerin gerçekleştirilmesi gibi görevler yerine getirilmektedir. Bu nedenle de savaşların kazanılmasında, ülke istihbaratının kalitesi belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle savaş, strateji ve istihbarat kavramlarının genel hatları çizilecektir. Arkasından da savaşın ve savaş stratejisinin değişen doğası anlatılacak ve bu bağlamda istihbaratın savaş stratejisindeki önemine değinilecektir. Makale, yeni savaş anlayışına uygun stratejisi yapımında istihbaratın nasıl bir rol aldığını ortaya koymaya çalışacaktır. Değişen savaş anlayışında istihbaratın nasıl bir silah haline geldiği ve bu süreçteki strateji yapımında “bilinmezlik” tehdidinin önlenmesinde ilgili faaliyetlerin değerinin ifade edilmesi çalışmanın esasını oluşturmaktadır.
MURAT TEPE’DE ELE GEÇEN URARTU DÖNEMİ METAL ESERLERİ
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Abdulkadir 
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma; Bingöl bölgesinde Murat Nehri kenarında doğal bir tepe üzerinde bulunan Murat Tepe’de yapılan kurtarma kazısı sonuçlarında ele geçen Urartu dönemi metal eserlerini tanıtır.2 Murat Tepe’de, MÖ 9-7. yüzyıllarda hüküm sürmüş Yakın Doğu’nun güçlü uygarlıklarından biri olan Urartu takı sanatının yerel izleri görülmektedir. Bu yerleşimin büyük olasılıkla Urartu krallığının yerleşim merkezi ile krallığın batı sınırında bulunan Elazığ bölgesi (Alzi) arasındaki iletişimi sağlayan sofistike karayolu güzergahı üzerinde bir konaklama istasyonu olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çünkü bu yerleşimde çok odalı ve köşeleri rizalitli bir dikdörtgen yapıya ait mimari kalıntıları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Burada yapılan kazılarda ele geçen buluntular arasında tanımlanan seramiklerin Urartu merkezinde kullanılan seramik geleneğinin yerel ve yöresel örneklerini temsil ettiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan metal eserler; bileklik, boyunluk, yüzük ve küpeler, iğneler, fibula ve kemer parçaları yine yerel özellikler sergiler. Murat Tepe metal eserleri Orta Demir Çağ’da Bingöl bölgesinde Urartu varlığı konusunda sahip olduğumuz arkeolojik bilgilerimize önemli oranda yeni bir katkı sağlar nitelikte olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Oil Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in an Emerging Economy: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Igbinovia Ikponmwosa Michael , Igbinovia Eghosa Lawson 
Published: October 2019

The study examines the reaction of the Nigerian stock market to fluctuations in the mainstay of the Nigerian economy. Using time series data sourced from OPEC website and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, we investigate the effect of oil price volatility on stock market returns in Nigeria during the period 1981 to 2017. Cointegration test established the long run relationship between variables, while, the Error Correction Model (ECM) and Pair-Wise Granger Causality test were used to ascertain the short run dynamics and the direction of causality between the variables of interest. The findings reveal among other things that Oil Price Volatility (OPV) has a non-significant positive effect on Stock Market Return (SMR) both in the short and long run period. Exchange Rate (EXR) and Interest rate (INT) were significant variables that influence stock market return in Nigeria during the period under review
Алгоритм прийняття рішень під час коронарного шунтування на працюючому серці
Authors: Mazur A. , Gurin P. , Babich M. , Borisenko A. 
Published: October 2019

Вивчені зміни гемодинаміки, які виникають на етапах коронарного шунтування (КШ) на працюючому серці. На основі змін серцевого індексу (СІ), тиску в легеневій артерії, артеріального тиску (АТ) та сатурації змішаної венозної крові, що виникали під час операції, розроблено алгоритм прийняття рішень, який дозволив оптимізувати анестезіологічне забезпечення у цієї категорії пацієнтів.
У дослідження включено 75 пацієнтів, оперованих у НІХТ імені О. О. Шалімова з приводу ішемічної хвороби серця (ІХС), яким було виконано КШ на працюючому серці. У групу дослідження увійшло 40 пацієнтів, у яких в інтраопераційному періоді застосовували оптимізований алгоритм прийняття рішень на основі комплексного аналізу факторів, що призводили до порушень гемодинаміки на етапах КШ. Групу порівняння становили 35 пацієнтів, у яких корекцію гемодинаміки проводили, переважно орієнтуючись на показники АТ. Отримані результати продемонстрували, що при застосуванні оптимізованого алгоритму прийняття рішень у разі гемодинамічних порушень зменшується потреба в симпатоміметичній та полемічній підтримці, скорочується час перебування у відділенні інтенсивної терапії та стаціонарі.