bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-point measurement approach to diagnostics of partly damaged insulator chains in high-voltage overhead lines
Authors: Kachesov V E , Shutovich A Ju , Kitova E T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A system for location of fault insulator strings is proposed. Insulation failure in a defective isolator results in the occurrence of a significant current discharge in the circuit, which achieves some amperes and whose main own oscillation frequency is in the range of 15-30 MHz. The exact location of the defective string of insulators can be determined by aerial inspection with two small aircraft equipped with synchronized oscillographs which record high-frequency electromagnetic pulses. Processing of the recorded waveforms with geo tags makes it possible to locate a defective insulator string. The selection of the useful signal from the recorded waveforms is performed using wavelet analysis based on the main antenna characteristics. It was found that the accuracy of the location depends to a large extent on the characteristics of the instruments of the satellite exact time system.
Optimization approach to reduce the negative impact of high harmonic components of currents and voltages in high-voltage mine networks
Authors: Zhilin E V , Prasol D A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the work of the high-voltage mine network, which confirms the presence of higher harmonic components of currents and voltages of significant magnitude and their negative impact on the elements of the power supply system. The most pronounced higher harmonics of currents and voltages in the high-voltage mine network, as well as the most probable ranges of load currents and distortion currents are revealed. It is proved that the load change in the mine network as a function of time refers to random processes. The mathematical apparatus of the theory of random processes was used to study and predict load currents and distortion currents. The obtained quantitative values of trends of load currents and distortion currents were used in the estimation of power losses and in the calculation of parameters of filter compensating devices. An optimization approach is proposed to reduce the negative influence of higher harmonic components of currents and voltages, based on minimizing the target function of additional active power losses from the action of higher harmonics. To reduce the negative impact of higher harmonic components of currents and voltages in the high-voltage mine network, it is proposed to use two resonant passive filters tuned to the 11-th and 13-th harmonics, and a second-order broadband filter tuned to compensate harmonics, starting from the 23-rd and above.
Research and analysis of the low-temperature potential of heat networks
Authors: Batukhtin A G , Kobylkin M V , Rikker Yu O , Batukhtin S G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the use of heat pump installations in heat supply systems with TPP. The technique of the primary assessment of the efficiency of heat pumps in district heating systems is considered, on the basis of which it was concluded that it is possible to get the maximum effect from the introduction of a heat pump in the inter-heating period to compensate for the HPU load when using a heat pump at a consumer and transferring the heat and power plant to the condensation mode from the condenser to the heating system. At the same time, for greater effect, the heating system must be cooled below 20 ° C in order to use the low-temperature potential of the heating network. Based on the findings, a comprehensive heat supply system has been developed that includes TPP and HPU installed at the consumer by the universal compensation system of hot water supply load (UCS-HWSL) scheme. Modernization of the basic heat supply system to the UCS-HWSL system with a lowered temperature schedule will allow improving the technical and economic indicators of the Chita TPP-1.
Economic effectiveness of the aspiration systems in fiber by-products recycling technology
Authors: Il’ina T N , Kuznetsova I A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a wide variety of by-products with low bulk density and high dispersibility and ways of their utilization. To obtain compacted products from this type of materials the preliminary micro-granulation stage is necessary, which can be done by the roller compactor. It is suggested to carry out the process of powdered by-products compaction in the vibration-centrifugal granulator, which includes a device for pre-compacting and three drums, where sequentially conducted processes of pellet formation in waterfall-cascade mode, classification by vibration and compacting of the surface layer in the drum with toroid-shape chambers. The manufacturing technology of compacted products made of paper, cardboard and other fiber-type material wastes includes a waste shredding stage in the shredder and rotary crusher that follows by a pneumatic conveying of the gas-dispersion mix into the cyclone unit for dispersed phase settling. Therefore, the mentioned-above method of its compacting is acceptable for the collection in cyclone grinded particles. To increase the settling efficiency of the fiber type by-products it is worthwhile pre-compacting it, which follows with the microgranules obtaining by the pneumomechanical method in the airflow. The paper presents the technology of the granulated materials obtaining by pulp-and-paper waste recycling. It demonstrates the economic effectiveness of the introduction into the aspiration system of technological complex the pneumomechanical device for dispersed mix agglomeration using subquality products and bonding additives.
Problems of energy resources allocation at decision-making stages in architecture and urban planning activities
Authors: Vasilenko N A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
All the levels of architecture and urban planning activities (management, designing, execution of construction works) bring up various questions of the optimal distribution of energy resources. This paper shows that the energy resources allocation is connected with different classes of tasks in optimal decisions making and belongs to mathematical programming problems. Optimization tasks at the stages of scientific research, substantiation and version design should be performed on the basis of dynamic system models of the type «population ↔ environment». The article justifies the need for deductive approach and system methods and evaluation criteria of energy resources distribution at the stages of design and quality evaluation of architectural objects. It is demonstrated that in architectural theory and practice, for the purpose of quantitative measurement of the quality of architectural and construction activity products, the scientific research of the new area – architectural metrology – is needed. The energy interpretation of the general optimality criterion of integral architectural objects as systems, functioning in accordance with general system principles, is discussed.
Hydrogen permeability of surface-modified Pd-Ag membranes at low temperatures
Authors: Petriev I S , Lutsenko I S , Voronin K A , Pushankina P D , Baryshev M G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hydrogen-permeable membranes of the Pd77% Ag33% alloy were obtained. Membranes were modified with a catalytically active coating, which consist of a crystalline nanostructured palladium black. Membranes were obtained by magnetron sputtering using mosaic targets. The surface modification with a catalytically active coating was performed by electrochemical deposition from an aqueous solution of H2PdCl4. The low-temperature kinetic characteristics of the hydrogen permeability of metallic Pd77% Ag23% membranes with a modifying coating of crystallized palladium black were analysed. During the analysis of the obtained experimental data about the kinetic characteristics of the obtained membranes, it was revealed that the surface effects are the limiting stage of hydrogen transport through palladium membranes at low temperatures. It was experimentally confirmed that the high specific surface of the synthesized catalysts causes the acceleration of the kinetic characteristics of hydrogen transport. The possibility of intensifying the processes of hydrogen transport through metallic membranes by creating active centers of chemisorption and dissociation on their surface is shown.
Electricity in retail markets as a commodity in smart energy systems
Authors: Zatsarinnaya Yu N , Logacheva A G , Grigoreva M O 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Currently, the worldwide trend has been the transition of many countries to low-carbon energy sources. These changes are dictated both by external factors, such as the rapid growth of information and communication technologies, as well as the general policy of world powers advocating a clean environment and ensuring energy independence for the future. In Russia, the introduction of small generating capacities on renewable energy sources has great prospects due to the huge number of regions that are difficult to access for electricity supply. But the integration of generating capacities based on renewable energy sources requires not only the availability of special technical and legislative means, but also the competent selection of a tariff for a prosumer. This article presents the concept of an intelligent system that allows individual households to be involved in a progressive type of energy consumption and generation and creates a new type of energy system and market participant - prosumer. Two systems are offered for households equipped with solar panels. It is proposed to extend the practice of settlements at unregulated prices to individuals and households with the possibility of choosing the most favorable price category for the considered prosumer.
Resource-saving optimal control of energy-intensive process of work part thermochemical treatment
Authors: Derevyanov M Yu , Livshits M Yu , Yakubovich E A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Paper discusses approach to the resource-saving optimal control algorithms development, which includes problem oriented mathematical modeling of the process, determination of the tolerance limits for controlling action changes and condition of thermochemical treatment process as a subject under control, optimality criteria formalization and determination. Specified and solved critical problems for resource-saving optimal control of energy-intensive thermochemical process of work parts treatment on the maximum accuracy and speed of operation criteria. Alternance optimization method was used for optimal control problems solution, which allows to determine not only interval of constancy size but also maximum achievable control accuracy in every subset of intervals. Analytical mathematical model of vacuum carburizing in an acetylene atmosphere with variable coefficients of mass transfer was developed, which takes into consideration different mechanisms of carbon mass transfer from the atmosphere into the work part surfaces at the saturation and diffusion stages. Dependences of the carburization accuracy on the optimal control parameters were constructed. Influence of the technological constraints on the control quality was analyzed. Suggested approach demonstrated high energy efficiency.
Secondary energy component in energy-saving processes of cement production
Authors: Panova O A , Goncharov A A , Konovalov V M , Besedin P V , Cherkasov R A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Problems of energy saving in the firing of raw sludge is an important factor in the long-term development of cement production. An integrated approach to the study of the properties of raw materials and additives makes it possible to find ways to save fuel and energy resources. Reducing the moisture content in the sludge by the use of plasticizing reagents is one way to solve the problem of reducing energy consumption during firing of sludge. Reducing the moisture content of raw sludge from 41% to 35.5% makes it possible to reduce energy consumption by 23.3 kilograms of equivalent fuel per ton of clinker. The most effective type and concentration of plasticizing reagent was selected. A decrease in the moisture content and an increase in flowability were studied on a model raw sludge based on kaolinite-montmorillonite clay, chalk and pyrite cinder – a coal -alkaline reagent (0.1 wt.%). The studied reagents were arranged in the following sequence according to the effectiveness of increasing the flowability of sludge: coal-alkaline reagent, Polyplast SP-1, calcium lignosulfonate (LST), Viscocrete20HE, Linamix PK.
Discrimination of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shen from different regions based on fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves
Authors: Zhang Qing , Tian Junrui , Wan Chong , Dong Hongmin , Wu Dingtao , Liu Shuxiang , Qin Wen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this paper was to construct a reliable methodology to discriminate the geographical origins of Chuanminshen violaceum Sheh et Shan planted in different regions in Sichuan, China.

Materials and methods
Fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves of C. violaceum planted in various regions of Sichuan Province in China, namely Guangyuan (GY), Langzhong (LZ), Jintang (JT), Bazhong (BZ), and Shuangling (SL), were determined using GC-MS followed by multivariate statistical analyses, including orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.

Results
Leaves of C. violaceum showed the highest contents of hexadecatrienoic acid (3.21 g/kg), linoleic acid (6.62 g/kg), and α-linolenic acid (7.24 g/kg), which were all higher than those contained in roots. Chuanminshen violaceum samples collected from LZ, JT, and GY could be clearly distinguished based on fatty acid profiles of leaves and those collected from LZ, GY, and BZ could be clearly distinguished based on fatty acid profiles of roots.

Conclusions
Chemometric method is used as a potential approach for analyses of fatty acid profiles of roots and leaves to control the quality of C. violaceum and their powered products.
Analysis of a 10-year period of lead removal in a referral centre
Authors: Marinheiro Rita , Neves José Pedro , Morgado Francisco , Madeira Márcio , Magro Pedro , Carmo Pedro , Adragão Pedro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to analyse all lead extraction procedures (transvenous or open surgery) performed in our centre and the short- and long-term follow-up data from these patients.

METHODS
All lead extractions performed from 2008 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed for patient characteristics and indications for device implantation; indications for lead extraction; techniques used; peri- and postprocedural complications and short- and long-term follow-up data.

RESULTS
A total of 159 patients (282 leads) were included [age 70 (62–78) years; 72% men]. The median follow-up time was 57 (25–90) months. Patients with lead explants were excluded. The most common indication for lead removal was infection (77%). A surgical approach was necessary in 14 patients (9%) owing to unsuccessful transvenous removal (n = 3), large vegetation in the lead (n = 4), concomitant valvular endocarditis (n = 2), other indications for open surgery (n = 4) and complicated transvenous removal (n = 1). Removal was tried for 282 leads. Of those, 256 were completely removed. Clinical success was achieved in 155 individual patients (98%). Complications occurred in 6 patients: 3 persistent infections, 1 stroke and 2 blood vessel ruptures. The procedure-related mortality rate was 2% (n = 3).

CONCLUSIONS
Lead removal was associated with a high success rate and low all-cause complication and mortality rates. Emergency surgery because of acute complications was rare, and open-heart surgery was most frequently elective and not associated with a worse outcome.
Effect of cattle breed and basal diet on digestibility, rumen bacterial communities, and eating and rumination activity
Authors: Carvalho Pedro H V , Pinto Ana C J , Millen Danilo D , Felix Tara L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to compare ruminal total tract digestibility, bacterial communities, and eating and rumination activity between Holstein and Angus steers fed grain- or forage-based diets. Six Holstein steers (average body weight [BW] = 483 ± 23 kg) and six Angus steers (average BW = 507 ± 29 kg), previously fitted with rumen cannulae, were fed in a crossover design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of four treatments: 1) Holsteins fed a grain-based diet, 2) Holsteins fed a forage-based diet, 3) Angus fed a grain-based diet, and 4) Angus fed a forage-based diet. Each period was 35 d with 26 d of diet adaptation and 9 d of sample collection. On days 1 and 2 of collection, feeding activity was recorded for 48 h. On day 3, rumen contents were sampled to measure ruminal pH at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 h after feeding. A portion of the strained ruminal fluid was subsampled at 0, 3, and 6 h for volatile fatty acids (VFA) analysis. Rumen contents were subsampled at 3 h for analysis of bacterial communities. From day 4 to 8, total fecal excretion, feed, and refusals samples were collected and analyzed for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and starch. On days 8 and 9 (0 and 3 h post-feeding, respectively), total reticulorumen evacuation was conducted and contents were weighed. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedures in SAS (v9.4 SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Repeated measures were used to analyze changes in ruminal pH and VFA over time. There were no interactions of diet × breed (P ≥ 0.07). While the main effects of diet were expected, unique to these data is the fact that bacterial diversity and richness were reduced (P &lt; 0.01) in cattle fed grain-based diets. There was no main effect (P &gt; 0.34) of breed on total tract DM, organic matter, and starch digestibility, but Angus cattle had greater (P = 0.01) NDF digestibility than Holsteins. The increased NDF digestibility may be associated with a numerical (P = 0.08) increased numbers of bacterial species in Angus steers compared with Holstein steers. Holstein steers also spent more time (P ≤ 0.05) ruminating than Angus steers. There was no effect (P &gt; 0.80) of breed on reticulorumen content at feeding time; however, Holstein steers had greater (P = 0.04) reticulorumen content on a wet basis 3 h post-feeding. Although Holstein steers spent more time ruminating, Angus steers were better able to digest NDF when compared with Holsteins, regardless of basal diet, and this improvement may be related to changes in bacterial communities in the rumen or to rumination activity.
Influence of Moonlight on Male Mating Aggregations of Nyssomyia whitmani, a Vector of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Brazil
Authors: Brito Gildene Silva , Aguiar João Vitor Castro , de Sousa de Almeida Mayara , Silva Ponte Islana , Costa Neta Benedita Maria , Silva Francinaldo Soares 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho) is the sandfly vector of causative agents of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in South and Central America. It is widely spread throughout Brazil, in a close association with domestic animals. Almost nothing is known about male mating aggregations in N. whitmani, let alone the influence of moonlight on this behavior. Thus, the influence of moonlight on male N. whitmani aggregations was investigated by using non-attractant suction traps deployed in chicken cages under full moon and new moon nights. In this 18-night study, 2,160 specimens and seven species were collected. The most frequent species was N. whitmani accounting for 91.48% of the total sample. The abundance of males of N. whitmani was significantly higher in the presence than in the absence of moon. The sex ratio on new moon nights was 1:1 (M:F) and on full moon nights was male-biased (1.7:1). Based on this study, an influence of moonlight on male mating aggregations of N. whitmani was verified. The extent of this influence on increasing sandfly aggregation at hosts, the moonlight influence on the early flight activity of male sandflies and the use of chickens as aggregation sites for males of N. whitmani, are all discussed.
Identifying the links between consumer food waste, nutrition, and environmental sustainability: a narrative review
Authors: Conrad Zach , Blackstone Nicole Tichenor 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Emerging research demonstrates unexpected relationships between food waste, nutrition, and environmental sustainability that should be considered when developing waste reduction strategies. In this narrative review, we synthesize these linkages and the evidence related to drivers of food waste and reduction strategies at the consumer level in the United States. Higher diet quality is associated with greater food waste, which results in significant quantities of wasted resources (e.g., energy, fertilizer) and greenhouse gas emissions. Food waste also represents waste of micronutrients that could otherwise theoretically fill nutritional gaps for millions of people. To make progress on these multiple fronts simultaneously, nutrition professionals must expand beyond their traditional purview, into more interdisciplinary arenas that make connections with food waste and environmental sustainability.
Early amplified respiratory bioactive lipid response is associated with worse outcomes in pediatric influenza-related respiratory failure
Authors: Anania Veronica G , Randolph Adrienne G , Yang Xiaoying , Nguyen Allen , Newhams Margaret M , Mathews W Rodney , Rosenberger Carrie M , McBride Jacqueline M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Biomarkers are needed for early identification of patients at risk of severe complications from influenza infection, including prolonged respiratory failure and death. Eicosanoids are bioactive lipid mediators with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties produced in response to infection. This study assessed the relationships between the host bioactive lipid response, influenza viral load, and clinical outcomes.

Methods
Influenza positive, intubated children &lt;18 years old were enrolled across 26 U.S. PICUs. Mass spectrometry was used to measure &gt;100 lipid metabolites in endotracheal and nasopharyngeal samples. Influenza viral load was measured by quantitative PCR.

Results
Age and bacterial co-infection were associated with multiple bioactive lipids (p&lt;0.05). Influenza viral load was lower in patients with bacterial co-infection compared to those without, and pro-inflammatory bioactive lipids positively correlated with viral load in bacterially co-infected children (p&lt;0.05). Lipids associated with disease resolution correlated with viral load in patients without bacterial co-infection (p&lt;0.01). After adjusting for age and bacterial co-infection status, elevated pro- and anti-inflammatory lipids measured early in the ICU course were associated with higher mortality, whereas influenza viral load and endotracheal cytokine levels were not associated with clinical outcomes. Prostaglandin E2, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid measured within 72 hours of PICU admission predicted death or prolonged (≥28 days) mechanical ventilator support (AUC 0.72-0.79, p&lt;0.02), not explained by admission illness severity.

Conclusions
Children with influenza-related complications have early bioactive lipid responses that may reflect lung disease severity. Respiratory bioactive lipids are candidate prognostic biomarkers to identify children with the most severe clinical outcomes.