bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Basis for Expansion of ASME BPVC Section XI, KIC Curve Applicability
Authors: Xu Hongqing , Palm Nathan , Udyawar Anees 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
When the Appendix G methodology, fracture toughness criteria for protection against failure, was first adopted by ASME Section III in 1972, it included a lower-bound Kir curve for ferritic steels with specified minimum room-temperature yield strength up to 50 ksi. In 1977, Section III Appendix G added a requirement to obtain fracture-toughness data for at least three heats (base metal, weld metal, and heat-affected zone) if the KIR curve is used for ferritic steels with specified minimum room-temperature yield strength between 50 and 90 ksi. The three-heat data requirement has not changed when the lower bound curve was adopted by Section XI, or when the lower-bound crack initiation toughness curve was changed from the dynamic Kir curve to the static KIc curve during the 2000s. Based on the accumulation of fracture-mechanics data of ferritic steels with specified minimum yield strength between 50 ksi and 90 ksi and their use for Class 1 pressure vessel production, Section XI recently expanded the applicability of the KIc curve to SA-508 Grade 2 Class 2, SA-508 Grade 3 Class 2, SA-533 Type A Class 2, and SA-533 Type B Class 2 whose specified minimum room-temperature yield strength is 65 ksi or 70 ksi. This paper describes the technical basis including the fracture-mechanics data to support the expansion of the applicability of the KIc curve by ASME Section XI.
High Temperature Hydrogen Attack: New NDE Advanced Capabilities — Development and Feedback
Authors: Le Nevé Charles , Loyan Sophie , Le Jeune Léonard , Mahaut Steve , Demonte Serge , Chauveau Daniel , Renaud Romain , Tessier Manuel , Nourrit Nicolas , Le Guellaut Anthony 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In petroleum industry, hydrogen is used in many assets. With temperature and pressure, hydrogen can damage materials. This damage is called High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA) and is a time dependent degradation mechanism that can affect the integrity of steels used for pressure containment operating above about 400°F (204°C). HTHA has caused major accidents in Petroleum Industry.
API RP 941 [1] currently provides guidance for steel selection (and so susceptibility to attack) in relation to temperature and ppH2 via Nelson curves. In the last edition, 4 stages of degradation for both base metal and weld metal are described.
In the past, only stage III was detectable by the combination of different Ultrasonic methods which were known as AUBT – Advanced Ultrasonic Backscatter Technique. But, capability of detection was limited to defects above 500–1000μm, correspondent to small fissures. So, it was impossible to detect early stage of degradation as steel grain size (around 50μm).
For several years, performances of non-destructive techniques have rapidly increased and new advanced ultrasonic technologies are available such as:
- Phased Array Ultrasonic Techniques (PAUT)
- Time Of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)
- Total Focusing Method (TFM)
This paper describes latest techniques and results obtained by Total and French Welding Institute in laboratory, and discuss the efficiency of the methods, over real HTHA degradation blocks. An overview of TFM is also proposed by CEA who work on innovating development to increase the performance of this technique.
Fracture Mechanics Analysis of a PWR Under PTS Using XFEM and Input From TRACE
Authors: Mora Diego F. , Mukin Roman , Costa Garrido Oriol , Niffenegger Markus 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an integrity assessment of a reference Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) under Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) is performed. The assessment is based on a multi-step simulation scheme, which includes the thermo-hydraulic, thermo-mechanical and fracture mechanics analyses. The proposed strategy uses a three dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) of the RPV with the Abaqus code to solve the thermo-mechanical problem for the scenario of a Large-Break Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LBLOCA). In order to obtain the boundary conditions for the thermal analysis, the thermo-hydraulic results from a 3D RPV model developed in the system code TRACE are used. The fracture mechanics analysis is carried out on submodels defined on the areas of interest. Submodels containing cracks or flaws are also located in regions of the RPV where there might be a concentration of stresses during the PTS. The calculation of stress intensity factor (SIF) makes use of the eXtended FEM (XFEM) approach. The computed SIF of the postulated cracks at the inner surface of the RPV wall are compared with the ASME fracture toughness curve of the embrittled RPV material.
For different transient scenarios, the boundary conditions were previously calculated with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. However, cross-verification of the results has shown consistency of both CFD and TRACE models. Moreover, the use of the later is very convenient for the integrity analyses as it is clearly less computationally expensive than CFD. Therefore, it can be used to calculate different PTS scenarios including different break sizes and break locations. The main findings from fracture mechanics analyses of the RPV subjected to LBLOCA are summarized and compared. The presented results also allow us to study the influence of the dynamic cooling plume on the stress intensity factor in more detail than with the conventional one-dimensional method. However, the plumes calculated with both approaches are different. How much this difference affects the integrity assessment of the RPV is discussed in the paper.
Application of Gaussian Process Regression for the Accuracy Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Strain-Based Model
Authors: Li Yueying , Li Yong , Hassanien Sherif , Okoloekwe Chike , Adeeb Samer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dents are one of the common integrity threats of long-distance transmission pipelines. The current CSA Z662 standard assesses dents based on the dent depth. However, the severity of dent features is a function of many factors. Most recently, numerical modeling via finite element analysis (FEA) has been utilized to assess dent severity, however the approach is computationally expensive. Recently, the authors’ research group developed a robust but much simplified analytical model to evaluate the strains in dented pipes based on the geometry of the deformed pipe. When the strain distribution predicted using the analytical model is benchmarked against the strains by nonlinear FEA they showed a good agreement with certain error. The procedure, however, predicts more conservative results in terms of the maximum equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ). In order to estimate the accuracy in the recently developed model, a series of nonlinear FEA pipe indentation simulations were conducted using the finite element analysis tool, ABAQUS and compared with the analytical prediction.
This paper presents an application of a Bayesian machine learning method named Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) for the accuracy assessment of the developed analytical model for dent strain assessment, quantifying the error in comparison with the FEA in terms of the maximum PEEQ. The Gaussian Process (GP) model holds many advantages such as easy coding, prediction with probability interpretation, and self-adaptive acquisition of hyper-parameters.
By varying the dent depth and the indenter radius, this paper provides a model that quantifies the error in the developed analytical model. The proposed model can be utilized to rapidly determine the severity of a dent along with the accuracy of the prediction. This analysis method can also serve as a reference for other analytical expressions.
Crack Growth Rate Model for CISCC of Stainless Steel Canisters
Authors: Broussard John E. , Bryan Charles , Sindelar Robert , Lam Poh-Sang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper provides a technical basis for a crack growth rate (CGR) for use in performing evaluations of cracking in stainless steel canister materials. The source of crack initiation and growth is deposition of chloride aerosols on the canister surface followed by deliquescence leading to a brine solution. The brine solution attacks the stainless steel surface, leading to pitting; in the presence of tensile stress (such as residual tensile stress due to welding), stress corrosion cracking can occur. The CGR will be used for evaluating flaw growth under a proposed ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Case covering stainless steel canisters.
Effect of Phase Velocities Prediction on Fluidelastic Instability of a Cantilever Pipe Subjected to Gas-Liquid Flow
Authors: Ortiz-Vidal L. Enrique 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The effect of the phase velocity models on the prediction of fluidelastic instability of a cantilever pipe subjected to gas-liquid internal flow is studied. According to the accepted fluidelastic formulation, a two-phase flow correlation is needed to relate phase velocities in order to solve the system equation. In this study, seven reported correlations, including the homogeneous no-slip model, are used to study the effect of phase velocities prediction on fluidelastic instability parameters, specifically, critical mixture-velocity and critical frequency. Comparisons between simulations and previously reported experiments are performed. Results show that the correlation selection plays an important role in critical mixture-velocity predictions. On the other hand, the critical frequency is less sensitive to the correlation.
Uncertainties in Pressurized Thermal Shock Analyses
Authors: Niffenegger M. , Costa Garrido O. , Mora D. F. , Qian G. , Mukin R. , Sharabi M. , Lafferty N. , Niceno B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Integrity assessment of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) can be performed either by deterministic fracture mechanics (DFM) or/and by probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analyses. In European countries and Switzerland, only DFM analyses are required. However, in order to establish the probabilistic approach in Switzerland, the advantages and shortcomings of the PFM are investigated in the frame of a national research project. Both, the results from DFM and PFM depend strongly on the previous calculated thermal-hydraulic boundary conditions. Therefore, complete integrity analyses involving several integrated numerical codes and methods were performed for a reference pressurized water reactor (PWR) RPV subjected to pressurized thermal shock (PTS) loads. System analyses were performed with the numerical codes RELAP5 and TRACE, whereas for structural and fracture mechanics calculations, the FAVOR and ABAQUS codes were applied. Additional computational fluid dynamics analyses were carried out with ANSYS/FLUENT, and the plume cooling effect was alternatively considered with GRS-MIX. The results from the different analyses tools are compared, to judge the expected overall uncertainty and reliability of PTS safety assessments. It is shown that the scatter band of the stress intensities for a fixed crack configuration is rather significant, meaning that corresponding safety margins should be foreseen. The conditional probabilities of crack initiation and RPV failure might also differ, depending on the considered random parameters and applied rules.
Technical Basis Document for Alloy 82/182 Weld Inspection Code Case N-770 Through N-770-6
Authors: Donavin Paul , Bamford Warren , Marlette Stephen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking causes existing ASME BPV Code Section XI inspection and repair methodology to need enhancement. This forms the basis for Code Case N-770 and revisions through 6. The paper includes the bases for examination requirements, examination schedule, and repair criteria.
Sequential Bayesian History Matching for Model Calibration
Authors: Gardner Paul , Lord Charles , Barthorpe Robert J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Computer models, whilst frequently utilised for many complex engineering tasks, suffer from model form errors due to some level of simplification and/or absence of certain physics. These model form errors lead to a mismatch between model outputs and observational data when the ‘true’ parameters are known; a phenomenon known as model discrepancy. Calibration of a computer model without consideration of this type of uncertainty therefore leads to biased estimates of system parameters. Bayesian history matching (BHM) is one such method of calibrating a computer model whilst accounting for uncertainties associated with model discrepancy. The ‘likelihood-free’ technique assesses the system parameter domain using an emulator of the complex computer model in order to discard parameter combinations based on how unlikely they were to have produced a known observation response. BHM can be approached in an iterative manner, allowing sequential-based approaches to be used in selecting new computer model evaluations that will maximise the improvement in emulator performance. This paper develops techniques for sequentially selecting new computer model evaluations, reducing the total number of evaluations and increasing improvements in the emulator. The developed metrics and criteria are outlined with a demonstration on a numerical case study in order to visually demonstrate their applicability and increase in computational efficiency.
Impairment of electroneutral Na+transport and associated downregulation of NHE3 contributes to the development of diarrhea following in vivo challenge withBrachyspiraspp.
Authors: Enns Cole B. , Keith Brandon A. , Challa Nitin , Harding John C. S. , Loewen Matthew E. 
Published: November 2019

The effect of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira hampsonii spirochetosis on Na+transport was assessed in the colon to determine its contribution to diarrheal disease in pigs following experimental infection. Electrogenic and electroneutral Na+absorption was assessed in Ussing chambers by radiolabeled22Na flux and pharmacological inhibitory studies. Basal radiolabeled22Na flux experiments revealed that mucosal-to-serosal flux ( Jms) was significantly impaired in B. hyodysenteriae and B. hampsonii-diseased pigs. Inhibition of epithelial sodium channel via amiloride did not significantly reduce electrogenic short-circuit current ( Isc) in the proximal, apex, and distal colonic segments of diseased pigs over control pigs, suggesting that a loss of electroneutral Na+absorption is responsible for diarrheal development. These findings were further supported by significant downregulation of Na+/H+exchanger (NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3) mRNA expression in the proximal, apex, and distal colonic segments paired with decreased protein expression of the critical NHE3 isoform. The decrease in NHE3 mRNA expression appears not to be attributed to the host’s cytokine response as human IL-1α did not modify NHE3 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells. However, a whole cell B. hampsonii lysate significantly downregulated NHE3 mRNA expression and significantly increased p38 phosphorylation in Caco-2 cells. Together these findings provide a likely mechanism for the spirochete-induced malabsorptive diarrhea, indicated by a decrease in electroneutral Na+absorption in the porcine colon due to Brachyspira’s ability to inhibit NHE3 transcription, resulting in diarrheal disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research demonstrates that diarrheal disease caused by two infectious spirochete spp. is a result of impaired electroneutral Na+absorption via Na+/H+exchanger 3 (NHE3) in the porcine colon. Our findings suggest that the decrease in NHE3 mRNA and protein is not likely a result of the host’s cytokine response. Rather, it appears that these two Brachyspira spp. directly inhibit the transcription and translation of NHE3, resulting in the development of diarrhea.
Mechanosensor transient receptor potential vanilloid member 4 (TRPV4) regulates mouse cholangiocyte secretion and bile formation
Authors: Li Qin , Kresge Charles , Boggs Kristy , Scott Julie , Feranchak Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Mechanosensitive signaling has emerged as a mechanism for the regulation of cholangiocyte transport and bile formation. The mechanical effect of fluid-flow, or shear, at the apical membrane of cholangiocytes regulates secretion through a process involving increases in [Ca2+]i and activation of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels. However, the initiating steps translating shear force to increases in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) are unknown. Transient receptor potential vanilloid member 4 (TRPV4), a nonselective cation channel present in the apical membrane of cholangiocytes, has been proposed as a potential mechanosensor. The aim of the present studies was to determine the potential role of TRPV4 in initiating mechanosensitive signaling in response to fluid-flow in cholangiocytes. TRPV4 expression was confirmed in both small and large mouse cholangiocytes. Exposure of cells to either fluid flow or specific TRPV4 pharmacological agonists rapidly increased both [Ca2+]i and membrane cation currents. Both flow- and agonist-stimulated currents displayed identical biophysical properties and were inhibited in the presence of TRPV4 antagonists or in cells after transfection with TRPV4 small interfering RNA. Transfection of mouse cholangiocytes with a TRPV4-enhanced green fluorescent protein construct increased the expression of TRPV4 and the magnitude of flow-stimulated currents. A specific TRPV4 agonist significantly increased the biliary concentration of ATP and bile flow in live mice when administered intravenously and increased ATP release from cholangiocyte monolayers when applied exogenously. The findings are consistent with a model in which activation of cholangiocyte TRPV4 translates shear force into an acute rise in membrane cation permeability, [Ca2+]i, ATP release, and bile flow. Understanding the role of mechanosensitive transport pathways may provide novel insights to modulate bile flow for the treatment of cholestatic liver disorders. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies functionally characterize TRPV4 as a mechanosensitive channel in mouse cholangiocytes. By mediating a rapid rise in intracellular Ca2+, necessary for Ca2+-dependent secretion, TRPV4 represents a mechanosensor responsible for translating fluid flow into intracellular signaling and biliary secretion. Furthermore, intravenous infusion of a specific TRPV4 agonist increases bile flow in live mice. Understanding the role of TRPV4 in mechanosensitive transport pathways may provide novel insights to modulate bile flow during cholestasis.
Therapeutic Potential of the miRNA–ATM Axis in the Management of Tumor Radioresistance
Authors: Rezaeian Abdol-Hossein , Khanbabaei Hashem , Calin George A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is widely known for its function as a chief mobilizer of the DNA damage response (DDR) upon DNA double-strand breaks. ATM orchestrates the DDR by modulating the expression of various miRNAs through several mechanisms. On the other hand, a set of miRNAs contribute to tight regulation of ATM by directly targeting the 3′-untranslated region of ATM mRNA. This review addresses the therapeutic application and molecular mechanisms that underlie the intricate interactions between miRNAs and ATM. It also describes therapeutic delivery of miRNAs in different environments such as hypoxic tumor microenvironments.
СПОСІБ ЖИТТЯ ЯК ОСНОВА МЕТАБОЛІЧНОГО СИНДРОМУ: ПОГЛЯД НА НАШІ РЕАЛІЇ
Authors: Korylchuk N. I. 
Published: November 2019

Мета: показати вагомість способу життя як основи розвитку метаболічного синдрому та його важливий вплив на рівень здоров’я загалом.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено огляд та аналіз даних науково-медичної літератури та здійснено опитування (з використанням опитувальників) і обстеження 424 пацієнтів з абдомінальним ожирінням та метаболічним синдромом у лікарнях № 2 і № 3 м. Тернополя.
Результати. У статті проаналізовано дані щодо поняття «способу життя», «здорового способу життя», структури «здорового способу життя». Показано пряму залежність від способу життя людини до виникнення і прогресування захворювання на метаболічний синдром. Показано, що особи молодого віку впевнені, що будь-які навантаження, грубі порушення харчування, режиму праці, відпочинку, стрес, гіподинамія, тютюнокуріння, вживання алкоголю спроможні самостійно компенсуватися молодим віком. Люди старшого віку асоціюють свій вік із фізичним спокоєм, низькою поведінкою харчування та як наслідок, проблемами зі здоров’ям. Показано вплив всіх цих чинників на виникнення захворювання, прогресування ускладнень, зниження якості життя.
Висновки. Проведений аналіз літератури та досліджень показав, що роль людей у підтримці та зміцненні власного здоров’я зведена до мінімуму. У більшості випадків сформована необґрунтована впевненість у тому, що здоров’я гарантоване – молодим віком, та зруйноване й потребує медикаментів – у старшому віці. Результати доводять актуальність вивчення способу життя пацієнта з ознаками метаболічного синдрому, в аспекті корекції поведінки харчування, зміни рухового режиму, боротьби зі шкідливими звичками та здорового психологічного стану пацієнта.
ПОРУШЕННЯ МЕНСТРУАЛЬНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ: СИТУАЦІЯ В СВІТІ І В УКРАЇНІ – У ЖІНОК РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВІКУ ТА З НЕАТИПОВОЮ ГІПЕРПРОЛІФЕРАТИВНОЮ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ ЕНДОМЕТРІЯ
Authors: Gorban N. Ye. , Vovk I. B. , Hoida N. H. , Linchak O. V. 
Published: November 2019

Мета: вивчити особливості порушення менструального циклу (ПМЦ) в Україні у 2010–2017 рр. у жінок репродуктивного віку та з неатиповою гіперпроліферативною патологією ендометрія (НГПЕ).
Матеріали і методи. Використано дані статистичної звітності МОЗ України та Державної служби статистики України щодо жіночого населення віком 18–49 років. Вивчено особливості менструальної функції у 184 пацієнток із НГПЕ, поділених на три групи: І (n=60) – неатипова гіперплазія ендометрія (НГЕ), ІІ (n=62) – поліпи тіла матки (ПТМ), ІІІ (n=62) – поєднання НГЕ+ПТМ.
Результати. Частота ПМЦ серед жінок України у 2010–2017 рр. становила 15,96 ‰. Відзначено коливання значень показника від найнижчих у м. Севастополі (2,92 ‰) та в Луганській області (5,90 ‰) до найвищих у Дніпропетровській області (26,16 ‰) та в м. Києві (29,84 ‰). Встановлено, що чим більша поширеність ПМЦ, тим більша частота хвороб сечостатевої системи (r=0,75) та деяких гінекологічних захворювань – сальпінгітів (r=0,63), ендометріозу (r=0,42). Найвищу частоту ПМЦ спостерігали у ІІІ (61,3 %) та в І (53,3 %) групах, і лише у третини (32,3 %) хворих ІІ групи.
Висновки. 1. Найвищі показники порушення менструального циклу визначено у жінок з НГЕ та поєднанням НГЕ+ПТМ на відміну від пацієнток тільки з поліпами тіла матки. 2. ПМЦ можна розглядати як маркер та показник неблагополуччя функціонування сечостатевої системи та наявності гіперпроліферативного процесу ще на догоспітальному етапі.