bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Impacts of Land Cover and Soil Texture Changes on Simulated Surface Wind and Temperature
Authors: Fu Donglei , Liu Yuping , Li Haizhi , Liu Songtao , Li Bo , Thapa Samit , Yabo Stephen , Sun Xiazhong , Tang Bo , Zuo Jinxiang , Qi Hong , Tian Chongguo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, Chinese Academy of Sciences land cover dataset (CAS_LC) and soil texture dataset (CAS_ST) as well as Tsinghua University land cover dataset (TU_LC) were incorporated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to evaluate the impacts of land cover and soil texture changes on the surface wind and air temperature as compared with outdated default datasets. Six modeling scenarios including single updating for the three new datasets, combined updating of new datasets (CAS_LC + CAS_ST, TU_LC + CAS_ST), and default datasets are designed. WRF simulations were conducted with three resolutions (9, 3, and 1 km) for the period of 14 July to 31 September 2017 over Harbin. Results of the 10‐m wind speed, 10‐m wind direction, and 2‐m air temperature (T2) were evaluated against WRF default datasets (WLS). Results show that TU_LC‐related simulations with lower mean absolute error (MAE) demonstrated the usefulness of this dataset in the wind speed simulation, while the changing soil texture exerted a limited effect on modeled wind. CAS_LC improved simulated wind direction and T2. Significant changes in the three variables were frequently induced by urban and built‐up land or water bodies related transformations. The 3‐km grid resolution was sufficient to reasonably simulate the surface winds and air temperature. The roughness length was a main factor disturbing the wind speed, while the land cover transformation was responsible for the changes in surface temperature and heat fluxes, thereby affecting T2 simulation.
Role of Reemergence in the Central North Pacific Revealed by a Mixed Layer Heat Budget Analysis
Authors: Murata Kazumichi , Kido Shoichiro , Tozuka Tomoki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWintertime sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies that disappear in summer and recur in the following winter are known as “reemergence.” The role of reemergence in recurrent SST anomalies in an area in the central North Pacific is investigated quantitatively for the first time by conducting an online mixed layer heat budget analysis with a realistic ocean model simulation. In contrast to past studies that have emphasized the importance of vertical entrainment of subsurface temperature anomalies, it is shown that several mechanisms are operating in recurrence of SST anomalies during 1977–1999. In particular, anomalous Ekman meridional advection of the mean meridional temperature gradient induced by zonal wind stress anomalies plays an important role in many years. Also, coincidence in the sign of SST anomalies in winter and surface heat flux anomalies in the following autumn leads to recurrence of SST anomalies.
A Past Lunar Dynamo Thermally Driven by the Precession of Its Inner Core
Authors: Stys Christopher , Dumberry Mathieu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Cassini state equilibrium associated with the precession of the Moon predicts that the mantle, fluid core, and solid inner core precess at different angles. We present estimates of the dissipation from viscous friction associated with the differential precession at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB), Qcmb, and at the inner core boundary (ICB), Qicb, as a function of the evolving lunar orbit. We focus on the latter and show that, provided the inner core was larger than 100 km, Qicb may have been as high as 1010–1011 W for most of the lunar history for a broad range of core density models. This is larger than the power required to maintain the fluid core in an adiabatic state; therefore, the heat released by the differential precession at the ICB can drive a past lunar dynamo by thermal convection. This dynamo can outlive the dynamo from precession at the CMB and may have shut off only relatively recently. Estimates of the magnetic field strength at the lunar surface are of the order of a few μT, compatible with the lunar paleomagnetic intensities recorded after 3 Ga. We further show that it is possible that a transition of the Cassini state associated with the inner core may have occurred as a result of the evolution of the lunar orbit. The heat flux associated with Qicb can be of the order of a few mW m−2, which should slow down inner core growth and be included in thermal evolution models of the lunar core.
An Observation‐Driven Approach to Improve Vegetation Phenology in a Global Land Surface Model
Authors: Kolassa Jana , Reichle Rolf H. , Koster Randal D. , Liu Qing , Mahanama Sarith , Zeng Fan‐Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn empirical model calibration approach is presented that aims to approximate missing biosphere processes in a global land surface model without the need for substantial model structural changes. The strategy is implemented here using the NASA Catchment‐CN land surface model and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations of the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR). Existing plant functional types (PFTs) of the Catchment‐CN model are divided into three subtypes, based on the bias between the model‐simulated and MODIS‐observed FPAR. Separate sets of vegetation parameters for each subtype are then calibrated at a small number of grid cells with homogeneous, single‐PFT land cover, using MODIS FPAR reference observations from 2003 to 2009. The effectiveness of the empirical approach at improving the realism of modeled vegetation dynamics is investigated with two global model simulations for the period 2010–2016, one using the newly calibrated parameter values and the other using the original values. Globally, the calibrated parameters reduce the root mean square error (RMSE) of the modeled FPAR with respect to MODIS by 0.029 (∼10%) on average. In some regions, substantially larger RMSE reductions are achieved. RMSE reductions are primarily driven by model bias reductions, with neutral effects on the temporal correlation skill. While the empirical approach is suitable for achieving consistent model improvements, it is shown to be sensitive to the characteristics of the model error, specifically a dominance of the bias component in the case of Catchment‐CN. Ultimately, more fundamental model structural changes may be required to achieve better improvements.
An independent component analysis reveals brain structural networks related to TNF-α in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder: a source-based morphometric study
Authors: Kakeda Shingo , Watanabe Keita , Nguyen Hoa , Katsuki Asuka , Sugimoto Koichiro , Igata Natsuki , Abe Osamu , Yoshimura Reiji , Korogi Yukunori 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a previous mouse study, social defeat stress-induced microglial activation released tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), leading to neuronal changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and behavioral changes (anxiety). We aimed to investigate the relationship between gray-matter (GM) structural networks and serum TNF-α in patients with major depression disorder (MDD) using multivariate source-based morphometry (SBM). Forty-five first-episode and drug-naïve MDD patients and 38 healthy subjects (HSs) were recruited. High-resolution T1-weighted imaging was performed and serum TNF-α levels were measured in all MDD patients and HSs. After acquiring GM structural networks using SBM, we compared the Z-transformed loading coefficients (Z-scores) between MDD patients and HSs, and investigated the relationship between the Z-scores and the serum TNF-α levels in MDD patients. The serum TNF-α levels in MDD patients were significantly higher than those in HSs. We extracted two independent GM structural networks (the prefrontal network and the insula-temporal network) with significant differences between MDD patients and HSs (−0.305 ± 0.85 and 0.253 ± 0.82; P = 0.03 in the prefrontal network, and −0.268 ± 0.86 and 0.467 ± 0.71; P < 0.01 in the insula-temporal network). The serum TNF-α levels were significantly correlated with the Z-scores in the prefrontal network after Bonferroni correction (r = −0.419, p < 0.01); however, the correlation in the insula-temporal network was not significant (r = −0.290, p = 0.11). Elevated serum TNF-α levels in the early stage of MDD were associated with alteration of the prefrontal network.
Distinct pre-initiation steps in human mitochondrial translation
Authors: Khawaja Anas , Itoh Yuzuru , Remes Cristina , Spåhr Henrik , Yukhnovets Olessya , Höfig Henning , Amunts Alexey , Rorbach Joanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTranslation initiation in human mitochondria relies upon specialized mitoribosomes and initiation factors, mtIF2 and mtIF3, which have diverged from their bacterial counterparts. Here we report two distinct mitochondrial pre-initiation assembly steps involving those factors. Single-particle cryo-EM revealed that in the first step, interactions between mitochondria-specific protein mS37 and mtIF3 keep the small mitoribosomal subunit in a conformation favorable for a subsequent accommodation of mtIF2 in the second step. Combination with fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy analyses suggests that mtIF3 promotes complex assembly without mRNA or initiator tRNA binding, where exclusion is achieved by the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of mtIF3. Finally, the association of large mitoribosomal subunit is required for initiator tRNA and leaderless mRNA recruitment to form a stable initiation complex. These data reveal fundamental aspects of mammalian protein synthesis that are specific to mitochondria.
Spontaneously separated intermetallic Co3Mo from nanoporous copper as versatile electrocatalysts for highly efficient water splitting
Authors: Shi Hang , Zhou Yi-Tong , Yao Rui-Qi , Wan Wu-Bin , Ge Xin , Zhang Wei , Wen Zi , Lang Xing-You , Zheng Wei-Tao , Jiang Qing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeveloping robust nonprecious electrocatalysts towards hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions is crucial for widespread use of electrochemical water splitting in hydrogen production. Here, we report that intermetallic Co3Mo spontaneously separated from hierarchical nanoporous copper skeleton shows genuine potential as highly efficient electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions in virtue of in-situ hydroxylation and electro-oxidation, respectively. The hydroxylated intermetallic Co3Mo has an optimal hydrogen-binding energy to facilitate adsorption/desorption of hydrogen intermediates for hydrogen molecules. Associated with high electron/ion transport of bicontinuous nanoporous skeleton, nanoporous copper supported Co3Mo electrodes exhibit impressive hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis, with negligible onset overpotential and low Tafel slope (~40 mV dec−1) in 1 M KOH, realizing current density of −400 mA cm−2 at overpotential of as low as 96 mV. When coupled to its electro-oxidized derivative that mediates efficiently oxygen evolution reaction, their alkaline electrolyzer operates with a superior overall water-splitting output, outperforming the one assembled with noble-metal-based catalysts.
Association between ambient temperature and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in China
Authors: Xiong Tao , Chen Peiran , Mu Yi , Li Xiaohong , Di Baofeng , Li Jierui , Qu Yi , Tang Jun , Liang Juan , Mu Dezhi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) are leading perinatal diseases. Using a national cohort of 2,043,182 pregnant women in China, we evaluated the association between ambient temperatures and HDP subgroups, including preeclampsia or eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and superimposed preeclampsia. Under extreme temperatures, very cold exposure during preconception (12 weeks) increases odds of preeclampsia or eclampsia and gestational hypertension. Compared to preconception, in the first half of pregnancy, the impact of temperature on preeclampsia or eclampsia and gestational hypertension is opposite. Cold exposure decreases the odds, whereas hot exposure increases the odds. Under average temperatures, a temperature increase during preconception decreases the risk of preeclampsia or eclampsia and gestational hypertension. However, in the first half of pregnancy, temperature is positively associated with a higher risk. No significant association is observed between temperature and superimposed preeclampsia. Here we report a close relationship exists between ambient temperature and preeclampsia or eclampsia and gestational hypertension.
Contextual centrality: going beyond network structure
Authors: Leng Yan , Sella Yehonatan , Ruiz Rodrigo , Pentland Alex 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCentrality is a fundamental network property that ranks nodes by their structural importance. However, the network structure alone may not predict successful diffusion in many applications, such as viral marketing and political campaigns. We propose contextual centrality, which integrates structural positions, the diffusion process, and, most importantly, relevant node characteristics. It nicely generalizes and relates to standard centrality measures. We test the effectiveness of contextual centrality in predicting the eventual outcomes in the adoption of microfinance and weather insurance. Our empirical analysis shows that the contextual centrality of first-informed individuals has higher predictive power than that of other standard centrality measures. Further simulations show that when the diffusion occurs locally, contextual centrality can identify nodes whose local neighborhoods contribute positively. When the diffusion occurs globally, contextual centrality signals whether diffusion may generate negative consequences. Contextual centrality captures more complicated dynamics on networks than traditional centrality measures and has significant implications for network-based interventions.
Narrow-band hard-x-ray lasing with highly charged ions
Authors: Lyu Chunhai , Cavaletto Stefano M. , Keitel Christoph H. , Harman Zoltán 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA scheme is put forward to generate fully coherent x-ray lasers based on population inversion in highly charged ions, created by fast inner-shell photoionization using broadband x-ray free-electron-laser (XFEL) pulses in a laser-produced plasma. Numerical simulations based on the Maxwell–Bloch theory show that one can obtain high-intensity, femtosecond x-ray pulses of relative bandwidths Δω/ω = 10−5–10−7, by orders of magnitude narrower than in x-ray free-electron-laser pulses for discrete wavelengths down to the sub-ångström regime. Such x-ray lasers can be applicable in the study of x-ray quantum optics and metrology, investigating nonlinear interactions between x-rays and matter, or in high-precision spectroscopy studies in laboratory astrophysics.
Maternal plasma metabolic markers of neonatal adiposity and associated maternal characteristics: The GUSTO study
Authors: Chia Ai-Ru , de Seymour Jamie V. , Wong Gerard , Sulek Karolina , Han Ting-Li , McKenzie Elizabeth J. , Aris Izzuddin M. , Godfrey Keith M. , Yap Fabian , Tan Kok Hian , Shek Lynette Pei-Chi , Lee Yung Seng , Kramer Michael S. , Karnani Neerja , Chong Mary Foong-Fong , Baker Philip N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInfant adiposity may be related to later metabolic health. Maternal metabolite profiling reflects both genetic and environmental influences and allows elucidation of metabolic pathways associated with infant adiposity. In this multi-ethnic Asian cohort, we aimed to (i) identify maternal plasma metabolites associated with infant adiposity and other birth outcomes and (ii) investigate the maternal characteristics associated with those metabolites. In 940 mother-offspring pairs, we performed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and identified 134 metabolites in maternal fasting plasma at 26–28 weeks of gestation. At birth, neonatal triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were measured by trained research personnel, while weight and length measures were abstracted from delivery records. Gestational age was estimated from first-trimester dating ultrasound. Associations were assessed by multivariable linear regression, with p-values corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg approach. At a false discovery rate of 5%, we observed associations between 28 metabolites and neonatal sum of skinfold thicknesses (13 amino acid-related, 4 non-esterified fatty acids, 6 xenobiotics, and 5 unknown compounds). Few associations were observed with gestational duration, birth weight, or birth length. Maternal ethnicity, pre-pregnancy BMI, and diet quality during pregnancy had the strongest associations with the specific metabolome related to infant adiposity. Further studies are warranted to replicate our findings and to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Whole genome sequence analysis reveals genetic structure and X-chromosome haplotype structure in indigenous Chinese pigs
Authors: Tong Xiong , Hou Lianjie , He Weiming , Mei Chugang , Huang Bo , Zhang Chi , Hu Chingyuan , Wang Chong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChinese indigenous pigs exhibit considerable phenotypic diversity, but their population structure and the genetic basis of agriculturally important traits need further exploration. Here, we sequenced the whole genomes of 24 individual pigs representing 22 breeds distributed throughout China. For comparison with European and commercial breeds (one pig per breed), we included seven published pig genomes with our new genomes for analyses. Our results showed that breeds grouped together based on morphological classifications are not necessarily more genetically similar to each other than to breeds from other groups. We found that genetic material from European pigs likely introgressed into five Chinese breeds. We have identified two new subpopulations of domestic pigs that encompass morphology-based criteria in China. The Southern Chinese subpopulation comprises the classical South Chinese Type and part of the Central China Type. In contrast, the Northern Chinese subpopulation comprises the North China Type, the Lower Yangtze River Basin Type, the Southwest Type, the Plateau Type, and the remainder of the Central China Type. Eight haplotypes and two recombination sites were identified within a conserved 40.09 Mb linkage-disequilibrium (LD) block on the X chromosome. Potential candidate genes (LEPR, FANCC, COL1A1, and PCCA) influencing body size were identified. Our findings provide insights into the phylogeny of Chinese indigenous pig breeds and benefit gene mining efforts to improve major economic traits.
Clinical relevance and functional significance of cell-free microRNA-1260b expression profiles in infiltrative myxofibrosarcoma
Authors: Morita Takuya , Fujiwara Tomohiro , Yoshida Aki , Uotani Koji , Kiyono Masahiro , Yokoo Suguru , Hasei Joe , Kunisada Toshiyuki , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInfiltrative tumor growth into adjacent soft tissues is a major cause of the frequent recurrence and tumor-related death of myxofibrosarcoma (MFS), but no useful biomarkers reflecting tumor burden and infiltrative growth are available. While emerging evidence suggests a diagnostic and functional role of extracellular/circulating microRNA (miRNA) in various malignant diseases, their significance in MFS patients remains unknown. Global miRNA profiling identified four upregulated miRNAs in MFS patient sera and culture media of MFS cells. Among these, serum miR-1260b level was significantly upregulated in patient serum discriminating from healthy individuals and closely correlated with clinical status and tumor dynamics in MFS-bearing mice. In addition, high miR-1260b expression in serum was correlated with radiological tail-like patterns, characteristic of the infiltrative MFS. The extracellular miR-1260b was embedded in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and promoted cellular invasion of MFS through the downregulation of PCDH9 in the adjacent normal fibroblasts. Collectively, circulating miR-1260b expression may represent a novel diagnostic target for tumor monitoring of this highly aggressive sarcoma. Moreover, EV-miR-1260b could act as a transfer messenger to adjacent cells and mediate the infiltrative growth of MFS, providing new insights into the mechanism of infiltrative nature via crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment.
Annexin A5 prevents amyloid-β-induced toxicity in choroid plexus: implication for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bartolome Fernando , Krzyzanowska Agnieszka , de la Cueva Macarena , Pascual Consuelo , Antequera Desiree , Spuch Carlos , Villarejo-Galende Alberto , Rabano Alberto , Fortea Juan , Alcolea Daniel , Lleo Alberto , Ferrer Isidro , Hardy John , Abramov Andrey Y. , Carro Eva 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Alzheimer’s disease (AD) amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits may cause impairments in choroid plexus, a specialised brain structure which forms the blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. We previously carried out a mass proteomic-based study in choroid plexus from AD patients and we found several differentially regulated proteins compared with healthy subjects. One of these proteins, annexin A5, was previously demonstrated implicated in blocking Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cell cultures. Here, we investigated the effects of annexin A5 on Aβ toxicity in choroid plexus. We used choroid plexus tissue samples and CSF from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients to analyse Aβ accumulation, cell death and annexin A5 levels compared with control subjects. Choroid plexus cell cultures from rats were used to analyse annexin A5 effects on Aβ-induced cytotoxicity. AD choroid plexus exhibited progressive reduction of annexin A5 levels along with progressive increased Aβ accumulation and cell death as disease stage was higher. On the other hand, annexin A5 levels in CSF from patients were found progressively increased as the disease stage increased in severity. In choroid plexus primary cultures, Aβ administration reduced endogenous annexin A5 levels in a time-course dependent manner and simultaneously increased annexin A5 levels in extracellular medium. Annexin A5 addition to choroid plexus cell cultures restored the Aβ-induced impairments on autophagy flux and apoptosis in a calcium-dependent manner. We propose that annexin A5 would exert a protective role in choroid plexus and this protection is lost as Aβ accumulates with the disease progression. Then, brain protection against further toxic insults would be jeopardised.