bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing of the Storm Water Management Model Low Impact Development Modules
Authors: Platz Michelle , Simon Michelle , Tryby Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStormwater infrastructure designers and operators rely heavily on the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to simulate stormwater and wastewater infrastructure performance. Since its inception in the late 1970s, improvements and extensions have been tested and evaluated rigorously to verify the accuracy of the model. As a continuation of this progress, the main objective of this study was to quantify how accurately SWMM simulates the hydrologic activity of low impact development (LID) storm control measures. Model performance was evaluated by quantitatively comparing empirical data to model results using a multievent, multiobjective calibration method. The calibration methodology utilized the PEST software, a Parameter ESTimation tool, to determine unmeasured hydrologic parameters for SWMM’s LID modules. The calibrated LID modules’ Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies averaged 0.81; average percent bias (PBIAS) −9%; average ratio of root mean square error to standard deviation of measured values 0.485; average index of agreement 0.94; and the average volume error, simulated vs. observed, was +9%. SWMM accurately predicted the timing of peak flows, but usually underestimated their magnitudes by 10%. The average volume reduction, measured outflow volume divided by inflow volume, was 48%. We had more difficulty in calibrating one study, an infiltration trench, which identified a significant limitation of the current version of the SWMM LID module; it cannot simulate lateral exfiltration of water out of the storage layers of a LID storm control measure. This limitation is especially severe for a deep LIDs, such as infiltration trenches. Nevertheless, SWMM satisfactorily simulated the hydrologic performance of eight of the nine LID practices.
An Empirical Analysis of Analysts' Capital Expenditure Forecasts: Evidence from Corporate Investment Efficiency*
Authors: Choi Jin Kyung , Hann Rebecca N. , Subasi Musa , Zheng Yue 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTWe examine whether the information conveyed in a relatively new analyst research output—capital expenditure (capex) forecasts—affects corporate investment efficiency. We find that firms with analyst capex forecasts exhibit higher investment efficiency. This effect is stronger when the forecasts are issued by analysts with higher ability or greater industry knowledge. Moreover, the effect of capex forecasts on investment efficiency varies with the signals they convey about future growth opportunities—positive‐growth signals are more effective in reducing underinvestment, while negative‐growth signals are more effective in reducing overinvestment. Cross‐sectional tests suggest that these effects operate at least in part through both a financing channel and a monitoring channel. Taken together, our results suggest that analysts' capex forecasts convey useful information about firms' growth opportunities to managers and investors, which can facilitate efficient investment.
A Bayesian nonparametric model for zero‐inflated outcomes: Prediction, clustering, and causal estimation
Authors: Oganisian Arman , Mitra Nandita , Roy Jason A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearchers are often interested in predicting outcomes, detecting distinct subgroups of their data, or estimating causal treatment effects. Pathological data distributions that exhibit skewness and zero‐inflation complicate these tasks—requiring highly flexible, data‐adaptive modeling. In this paper, we present a multipurpose Bayesian nonparametric model for continuous, zero‐inflated outcomes that simultaneously predicts structural zeros, captures skewness, and clusters patients with similar joint data distributions. The flexibility of our approach yields predictions that capture the joint data distribution better than commonly used zero‐inflated methods. Moreover, we demonstrate that our model can be coherently incorporated into a standardization procedure for computing causal effect estimates that are robust to such data pathologies. Uncertainty at all levels of this model flow through to the causal effect estimates of interest—allowing easy point estimation, interval estimation, and posterior predictive checks verifying positivity, a required causal identification assumption. Our simulation results show point estimates to have low bias and interval estimates to have close to nominal coverage under complicated data settings. Under simpler settings, these results hold while incurring lower efficiency loss than comparator methods. We use our proposed method to analyze zero‐inflated inpatient medical costs among endometrial cancer patients receiving either chemotherapy or radiation therapy in the SEER‐Medicare database.
CALIBER: a phase II randomized feasibility trial of chemoablation with mitomycin‐C vs surgical management in low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Mostafid A. Hugh , Porta Nuria , Cresswell Joanne , Griffiths Thomas R.L. , Kelly John D. , Penegar Steven R. , Davenport Kim , McGrath John S. , Campain Nicholas , Cooke Peter , Masood Shikohe , Knowles Margaret A. , Feber Andrew , Knight Allen , Catto James W.F. , Lewis Rebecca , Hall Emma 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the activity of intravesical mitomycin‐C (MMC) to ablate recurrent low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and assess whether it may enable patients to avoid surgical intervention for treatment of recurrence.Patients and MethodsCALIBER is a phase II feasibility study. Participants were randomized (2:1) to treatment with four once‐weekly MMC 40‐mg intravesical instillations (chemoablation arm) or to surgical management. The surgical group was included to assess the feasibility of randomization. The primary endpoint was complete response to intravesical MMC in the chemoablation arm at 3 months, reported with exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Secondary endpoints included time to subsequent recurrence, summarized by Kaplan–Meier methods.ResultsBetween February 2015 and August 2017, 82 patients with visual diagnosis of recurrent low‐risk NMIBC were enrolled from 24 UK hospitals (chemoablation, n = 54; surgical management, n =28). The median follow‐up was 24 months. Complete response at 3 months was 37.0% (20/54; 95% CI 24.3–51.3) with chemoablation and 80.8% (21/26; 95% CI 60.6–93.4) with surgical management. Amongst patients with complete response at 3 months, a similar proportion was recurrence‐free by 12 months in both groups (84%). Amongst those with residual disease at 3 months, the 12‐month recurrence‐free proportion was lower in the surgical management group (40.0%) than in the chemoablation group (84%). Recruitment stopped early as chemoablation did not meet the prespecified threshold of 45% complete responses at 3 months.ConclusionIntravesical chemoablation in low‐risk NMIBC is feasible and safe, but did not demonstrate sufficient response in the present trial. After chemoablation there may be a reduction in recurrence rate, even in non‐responders, that is greater than with surgery alone. Further research is required to investigate the role and optimal schedule of neoadjuvant intravesical chemotherapy prior to surgery for NMIBC.
Longitudinal examination of youth readmission to mental health inpatient units
Authors: Miller David A.A. , Ronis Scott T. , Slaunwhite Amanda K. , Audas Rick , Richard Jacques , Tilleczek Kate , Zhang Michael 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveSignificant barriers exist for youth in obtaining mental health services. These barriers are exacerbated by growing demand, attributed partially to children and adolescents who have repeat hospital admissions. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, socioeconomic and clinical predictors of readmission to inpatient psychiatric services in New Brunswick, Canada.MethodKey demographic, support and clinical predictors of readmission were identified. The New Brunswick Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) was used to compile a cohort of all children and adolescents ages 3–19 years with psychiatric hospital admissions between 1 April 2003 and 31 March 2014 (N = 3825). Primary analyses consisted of Kaplan–Meier survival methods with log‐rank tests to assess time‐to‐readmission variability, and Cox regression to identify significant predictors of readmission.ResultsIn total, 27.8% of admitted children and adolescents experienced at least one readmission within the 10‐year period, with 57.3% readmitted to hospital within 90 days following discharge. Bivariate results indicated that male, upper‐middle socioeconomic status (SES) youths aged 11–15 years from nonrural communities were most likely to be readmitted. Notable predictors of increased readmission likelihood were older age, being male, higher SES, referral to care by medical practitioner, discharge to another health facility, psychosis, and previous psychiatric admission.ConclusionA significant portion of the variance in readmission was accounted for by youth demographic characteristics (i.e. age, SES, geographic location) and various support structures, including referrals to inpatient care and aftercare support services.Key Practitioner Message

Readmission to inpatient psychiatric care among youth is affected by a number of multifaceted risk factors across individual, environmental and clinical domains.

This study used provincial population‐scale longitudinal administrative data to demonstrate the influence of various individual and demographic factors on likelihood of readmission, which is notably absent from the majority of studies that make use of smaller, short‐term data samples.

Ensuring that multiple factors outside of the clinical context are considered when examining readmission among youth may contribute to a more thorough understanding of youth hospitalization patterns.
Research on the clustering algorithm of ocean big data based on self‐organizing neural network
Authors: Li Yongyi , Yang Zhongqiang , Han Kaixu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the construction of a smart marine, marine big data mining has a significant impact on the growing maritime industry in the Beibu Gulf. Clustering is the key technology of marine big data mining, but the conventional clustering algorithm cannot achieve the efficient clustering of marine data. According to the characteristics of marine big data, a marine big data clustering scheme based on self‐organizing neural network (SOM) algorithm is proposed. First, the working principle of SOM algorithm is analyzed, and the algorithm's two‐dimensional network model, similarity model and competitive learning model are focused. Secondly, combining with the working principle of algorithm, the marine big data clustering process and algorithm achievement based on SOM algorithm are developed; finally, experiments show that all vectors in marine big data clustering are stable, and the neurons in the output layer of clustering result have obvious consistency with the data itself, which shows the effectiveness of SOM algorithm in marine big data clustering.
Predicting and managing plant invasions on offshore islands
Authors: Butt Nathalie , Wenger Amelia S. , Lohr Cheryl , Woodberry Owen , Morris Keith , Pressey Robert L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResources for biodiversity conservation are limited and it is therefore imperative that management actions that have the best chance of success are prioritized. Non‐native species (NNS) are one of the key problems facing biodiversity conservation, so understanding how NNS disperse and establish can inform more effective conservation planning and management. Using a novel Bayesian belief network model, we investigated non‐native plant dispersal on the approximately 550 islands along the Pilbara coast, Western Australia, and identified priority species and locations for targeted management. Of a total of around 9,000 weed arrivals onto the islands, 1,661 arrivals across 14 weed species had some probability of establishment. Suggested management actions in these cases would be education campaigns to inform visitors about the risk of accidental transport of propagules, quarantine programs, and eradication. For the seven weed species that arrived only via human dispersal and had a >10% chance of establishment on five islands, surveillance, and control of new arrivals would be the recommended management actions. Removal of propagule source populations would not be a cost‐effective management strategy. The inherent flexibility of our model means that different objectives can be analyzed in a transparent way, making it a powerful tool for guiding effective targeted action, derived from an explicit decision‐making framework.
CD163‐positive macrophage infiltration predicts systemic involvement in sarcoidosis
Authors: Isohisa Taro , Asai Jun , Kanemaru Mai , Arita Takahiro , Tsutsumi Miho , Kaneko Yuka , Arakawa Yukiyasu , Wada Makoto , Konishi Eiichi , Katoh Norito 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSarcoidosis is a chronic and systemic inflammatory disease, in which patients present with noncaseating epithelioid granulomas. Cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis develop in 9% to 35% of all sarcoidosis patients and comprise various clinical subtypes. It usually affects multiple organs and has a variable clinical course; this is called systemic sarcoidosis (SS). However, occasionally, it only affects the skin and is then called cutaneous sarcoidosis (CS). Recent observations suggest that serum levels of soluble CD163 correlate with immune cell activity in sarcoidosis patients; however, the contribution of M1 and M2 macrophages toward disease progression remains unclear.MethodsWe evaluated macrophage phenotypes histopathologically using skin biopsy samples obtained from patients with CS (n = 8) and SS (n = 31) and performed immunostaining with CD68, iNOS (M1 macrophages), PD‐L1, and CD163 (M2 macrophages).ResultsThe density of CD163‐positive cells in the SS group was significantly higher than that in the CS group. There was no significant correlation between the CD163 (+) cell density and serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme level, serum calcium, or tuberculin reaction.ConclusionsImmunostaining for CD163 may be a novel and useful marker to predict systemic involvement in patients with cutaneous lesions of epithelioid granulomas.
Asymmetric cell division from a cell to cells: Shape, length, and location of polarity domain
Authors: Seirin‐Lee Sungrim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAsymmetric cell division is one of the most elegant biological systems by which cells create daughter cells with different functions and increase cell diversity. In particular, PAR polarity in the cell membrane plays a critical role in regulating the whole process of asymmetric cell division. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the underlying mechanism of PAR polarity formation using both experimental and theoretical approaches in the last 10 years. However, they have mostly focused on answering the fundamental question of how this exclusive polarity is established but the precise dynamics of polarity domain have been little notified. In this review, I focused on studies on the shape, length, and location of PAR polarity from a theoretical perspective that may be important for an integrated understanding of the entire process of asymmetric cell division.
The role of catecholamines in modulating responses to stress: Sex‐specific patterns, implications, and therapeutic potential for post‐traumatic stress disorder and opiate withdrawal
Authors: Ross Jennifer A. , Van Bockstaele Elisabeth J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmotional arousal is one of several factors that determine the strength of a memory and how efficiently it may be retrieved. The systems at play are multifaceted; on one hand, the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system evaluates the rewarding or reinforcing potential of a stimulus, while on the other, the noradrenergic stress response system evaluates the risk of threat, commanding attention, and engaging emotional and physical behavioral responses. Sex‐specific patterns in the anatomy and function of the arousal system suggest that sexually divergent therapeutic approaches may be advantageous for neurological disorders involving arousal, learning, and memory. From the lens of the triple network model of psychopathology, we argue that post‐traumatic stress disorder and opiate substance use disorder arise from maladaptive learning responses that are perpetuated by hyperarousal of the salience network. We present evidence that catecholamine‐modulated learning and stress‐responsive circuitry exerts substantial influence over the salience network and its dysfunction in stress‐related psychiatric disorders, and between the sexes. We discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the endogenous cannabinoid system; a ubiquitous neuromodulator that influences learning, memory, and responsivity to stress by influencing catecholamine, excitatory, and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Relevant preclinical data in male and female rodents are integrated with clinical data in men and women in an effort to understand how ideal treatment modalities between the sexes may be different.
Periventricular white matter hyperintensity burden and cognitive impairment in early Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Huang X. , Wen M.‐C. , Ng S. Y.‐E. , Hartono S. , Chia N. S.‐Y. , Choi X. , Tay K.‐Y. , Au W.‐L. , Chan L.‐L. , Tan E.‐K. , Tan L. C.‐S. 
Published: March 2020

Background and purposeThis study quantified the total brain and periventricular white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burdens in patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD) and explored their associations with cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive performance.MethodsA total of 175 non‐demented patients with early PD who had undergone baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging were included. Comprehensive neurocognitive testing was conducted to identify PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI) and to evaluate performances in individual cognitive domains. Cardiovascular risk was expressed as a modified Framingham 10‐year cardiovascular risk score (mFRS).ResultsA total of 53.7% of this early PD cohort fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PD‐MCI. An increase in mFRS was significantly associated with increases in the total brain WMH (P = 0.015) and periventricular WMH (P = 0.040) burden, independent of age and gender. The periventricular WMH burden was significantly associated with PD‐MCI (P = 0.046) in early PD, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. Patients in the 5th quintile of periventricular WMH burden were 8.6 times more likely to have PD‐MCI compared with patients in the 1st quintile of periventricular WMH burden (P = 0.004). However, total brain WMH burden was not associated with PD‐MCI (P = 0.158). In individual cognitive domains, heavier periventricular WMH burden was associated with worse executive function and visuospatial function independent of cardiovascular risk factors.ConclusionPeriventricular WMHs are a useful imaging biomarker for cognitive impairment in early PD. Cardiovascular risk factors, although associated with periventricular WMHs, were unable to fully explain the association between periventricular WMHs and cognitive impairment in early PD.
Hearing loss is associated with cortical thinning in cognitively normal older adults
Authors: Ha J. , Cho Y. S. , Kim S. J. , Cho S. H. , Kim J. P. , Jung Y. H. , Jang H. , Shin H.‐Y. , Lin F. R. , Na D. L. , Seo S. W. , Moon I. J. , Kim H. J. 
Published: March 2020

Background and purposeHearing loss (HL) is one of the most influential risk factors of dementia in older adults. However, its potential association with neurodegeneration is not well established. The association between HL and cortical thickness in cognitively normal older adults was evaluated.MethodsIn all, 982 cognitively normal older adults (age ≥65 years) were identified from the Health Promotion Center at the Samsung Medical Center from September 2008 to December 2014. The participants underwent pure‐tone audiometry and brain magnetic resonance imaging. HL was evaluated according to a four‐frequency (0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz) pure‐tone average. Participants were divided into three groups according to pure‐tone average (normal hearing ≤15 dB, minimal HL 16–25 dB, mild‐to‐severe HL >25 dB). Cortical thickness in the HL groups was compared with that of the normal hearing group.ResultsIn women, right ear HL was associated with cortical thinning: the minimal HL group showed cortical thinning in the left frontal and bilateral occipital areas and the mild‐to‐severe HL group showed cortical thinning in the bilateral frontal, right temporal and bilateral occipital areas compared to the normal hearing group. In men, there was no significant association between HL on either side and cortical thickness.ConclusionIn older women, right ear HL is associated with neurodegeneration even in a cognitively normal state. Therefore, managing HL especially in older women may be an effective strategy for dementia prevention.
Treatment of a subchondral cystic‐like lesion in the distal scapula with a translesional bone screw in a horse
Authors: Corraretti G. , Meulyzer M. , Simon O. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryA 2‐year‐old French Warmblood stallion was presented for lameness investigation. The diagnostic procedures identified the reason for lameness as being a subchondral cystic‐like lesion (SCL) in the glenoid cavity of the scapula. The horse was surgically treated with a translesional 4.5 mm cortical bone screw inserted through the SCL under radiographic guidance. Sixty days after surgery, the horse was sound and the SCL showed significant radiographic signs of healing. Radiographs obtained 180 days after surgery showed further radiographic healing, with the SCL presenting a radiodensity similar to the surrounding bone. At 4 years post‐operative follow‐up, the horse is sound and competing successfully as a 6‐year‐old in Concours de Saut International (CSI) competitions.