bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle‐mediated gene transformation strategies for plant genetic engineering
Authors: Lv Zongyou , Jiang Rui , Chen Junfeng , Chen Wansheng 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYPlant genetic engineering, a recent technological advancement in the field of plant science, is an important tool used to improve crop quality and yield, to enhance secondary metabolite content in medicinal plants or to develop crops for sustainable agriculture. A new approach based on nanoparticle‐mediated gene transformation can overcome the obstacle of the plant cell wall and accurately transfer DNA or RNA into plants to produce transient or stable transformation. In this review, several nanoparticle‐based approaches are discussed, taking into account recent advances and challenges to hint at potential applications of these approaches in transgenic plant improvement programs. This review also highlights challenges in implementing the nanoparticle‐based approaches used in plant genetic engineering. A new technology that improves gene transformation efficiency and overcomes difficulties in plant regeneration has been established and will be used for the de novo production of transgenic plants, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing has accelerated crop improvement. Therefore, we outline future perspectives based on combinations of genome editing, nanoparticle‐mediated gene transformation and de novo regeneration technologies to accelerate crop improvement. The information provided here will assist an effective exploration of the technological advances in plant genetic engineering to support plant breeding and important crop improvement programs.
The Effects of an Intensive 2-wk Resistance Training Period on Strength Performance and Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Kaikkonen Piia , Hynynen Esa , Hautala Arto , Ahtiainen Juha P. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: It is known that modifying the endurance-type training load of athletes may result in altered cardiac autonomic modulation that may be estimated with heart rate variability (HRV). However, the specific effects of intensive resistance-type training remain unclear. The main aim of this study was to find out whether an intensive 2-wk resistance training period affects the nocturnal HRV and strength performance of healthy participants. Methods: Young healthy men (N = 13, age 24 [2] y) performed 2-wk baseline training, 2-wk intensive training, and a 9-d tapering periods, with 2, 5, and 2 hypertrophic whole-body resistance exercise sessions per week, respectively. Maximal isometric and dynamic strength were tested at the end of these training periods. Nocturnal HRV was also analyzed at the end of these training periods. Results: As a main finding, the nocturnal root mean square of differences of successive R-R intervals decreased (P = .004; from 49 [18] to 43 [15] ms; 95% CI, 2.4–10.4; effect size = 0.97) during the 2-wk intensive resistance training period. In addition, maximal isometric strength improved slightly (P = .045; from 3933 [1362] to 4138 [1540] N; 95% CI, 5.4–404; effect size = 0.60). No changes were found in 1-repetition-maximum leg press or leg press repetitions at 80% 1-repetition maximum. Conclusions: The present data suggest that increased training load due to a short-term intensive resistance training period can be detected by nocturnal HRV. However, despite short-term accumulated physiological stress, a tendency of improvement in strength performance was detected.
Complications associated with closure of the linea alba using a combination of interrupted vertical mattress and simple interrupted sutures in equine laparotomies
Authors: Salciccia Alexandra , de la Rebière de Pouyade Geoffroy , Gougnard Alexandra , Detilleux Johann , Caudron Isabelle , Verwilghen Denis , Serteyn Didier , Grulke Sigrid 
Published: August 2020

Objectives(1) Evaluate the occurrence and variables associated with incisional morbidities (IMs) after ventral median laparotomy when using interrupted vertical mattress sutures (IVMS) and (2) determine the occurrence of abdominal bandage‐associated complications in horses.MethodsOccurrence of IM and bandage‐associated complications were determined after single laparotomies (SL group; n=546 horses) and repeat laparotomies (RL group: multiple laparotomies within four weeks; n=30 horses) in horses that survived ≥7 days postoperatively. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to evaluate variables associated with IM.ResultsThe IM rate was 9.52 per cent in the SL group and 33.33 per cent in the RL group. The actual infection rate was 5.31 per cent in the SL group and 26.67 per cent in the RL group. Overall, long‐term clinically relevant wound complications was 1.68 per cent. After multivariate analysis, increased anaesthesia duration was associated with IM and performing an enterotomy and postoperative intravenous lidocaine administration were associated with incisional infection in the SL group; no parameter remained significant in the RL group. Bandage‐related complications were recorded in 2.95 per cent of the cases.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the use of IVMS for closure of the linea alba is another viable option for closure and that an abdominal bandage does not appear to cause significant complications.
Secure Sharing of IOT Data in Cloud Environment Using Attribute-Based Encryption
Authors: Kanimozhi P. , Victoire T. Aruldoss Albert 
Published: August 2020

Storage of data security has emerged as a basic necessity for both large- and small-scale industries. Cloud computing is internet-based computing technology in which people can work with their application with a high level of security in Internet of Things (IoT) enhanced devices. Cloud computing also provides privilege to store data that are collected from the devices in server side. Confidentiality and integrity of data play a major issue in cloud computing while preserving the IoT data. In this paper, the security of data is achieved by performing clustering and further applying cryptographic technique to the clustered data gathered from the devices that connected to the internet. Security of data can be improved by using a prominent cryptographic technique Attribute Based Encryption (ABE). Initially, the documents are clustered using the EM algorithm and clustered results are stored in various parts of the cloud. These documents are secured and can be accessed by the user who satisfies the attributes. In some cases, if the users’ attributes are not satisfied with the documents, it cannot be accessed by the corresponding user. Thus, the data from various devices are encrypted and maintained by the owner securely.
Abstract IA28: Integrin-mediated mechano-transduction controls HER2 oncogenic signaling and activation of YAP in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Shimin , Kim Young-Mi , Garippa Ralph , Norton Larry , Giancotti Filippo G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling via focal adhesion kinase is required for mammary tumorigenesis in the PyMT mouse model. Moreover, PTK2 encoding FAK is amplified in a substantial fraction of human breast cancers. We have investigated the mechanism through which integrin signaling controls mammary tumorigenesis and found that integrin-mediated mechano-transduction controls invasive growth in stiff 3D matrices through activation of YAP/TAZ. Mechanistic studies revealed that integrin signaling induces—via activation of FAK and Src family kinases (SFKs) —tyrosine phosphorylation and inactivation of LATS. The ensuing activation of YAP/TAZ is necessary for invasive growth of HER2+ breast cancer cells. Engagement of HER2/HER3 with neuregulin impinges on SFKs to amplify activation of YAP/TAZ in HER2+ breast cancer cells, suggesting that integrin-mediated mechano-transduction functions as a rheostat to regulate HER2 oncogenic signaling. Finally, administration of dasatinib significantly increases the efficacy of HER2 inhibition in the MMTV-Neu mouse model of HER2+ breast cancer. These findings reveal a major mechanism through which the Hippo pathway is disabled in breast cancer and suggest that targeting HER2 and SFKs simultaneously may be a rational strategy in selected cases of breast cancer.
Citation Format: Shimin Wang, Young-Mi Kim, Ralph Garippa, Larry Norton, Filippo G. Giancotti. Integrin-mediated mechano-transduction controls HER2 oncogenic signaling and activation of YAP in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr IA28.
Abstract PR12: Paracrine orchestration of intestinal tumorigenesis at the mesenchymal-epithelial interface
Authors: Roulis Manolis , Kaklamanos Emilios , Kollias George , Flavell Richard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Intestinal tumor initiation is a probabilistic process that depends on the competition between mutant and normal epithelial stem cells in crypts. Intestinal stem cells are closely associated with a diverse but poorly characterized network of mesenchymal cell types. It remains unknown whether the physiologic mesenchymal microenvironment of mutant stem cells affects tumor initiation. Here we show that the mesenchymal niche controls tumor initiation in trans. By characterizing the heterogeneity of the intestinal mesenchyme by single cell RNA-seq, we identified a population of rare pericryptal Ptgs2-expressing fibroblasts (RPPFs) that constitutively process arachidonic acid into highly labile prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Specific ablation of Ptgs2 in fibroblasts was sufficient to prevent tumor initiation in two different models of sporadic, autochthonous tumorigenesis. At the mechanistic level, by performing single-cell RNA-seq analyses of a mesenchymal niche organotypic model, we found that fibroblast-derived PGE2 reprograms intestinal stem cells into Tuft cell precursors. These are characterized by the activation of a strong tumor initiation program driven by the Hippo pathway effector Yap, a molecule indispensable for intestinal tumorigenesis. Organoid experiments established a novel molecular mechanism whereby PGE2 activates Yap dephosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity by signaling specifically via receptor Ptger4. In vivo, epithelial-specific ablation of Ptger4 misdirected the regenerative reprogramming of stem cells, abrogated Yap target gene activation, and prevented sporadic tumor initiation in mutant mice, thereby demonstrating the robust paracrine control of tumor-initiating stem cells by PGE2/Ptger4. Patient-derived organoid analyses established that PGE2/ PTGER4 also regulate stem cell function in humans. Our study demonstrates for the first time that colorectal cancer initiation is orchestrated by the mesenchymal niche. Moreover, it reveals a mechanism whereby RPPFs exert paracrine control over tumor-initiating stem cells via the druggable PGE2/Ptger4/Yap signaling axis.
Citation Format: Manolis Roulis, Emilios Kaklamanos, George Kollias, Richard Flavell. Paracrine orchestration of intestinal tumorigenesis at the mesenchymal-epithelial interface [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PR12.
Impact of Medicare’s Bundled Payments Initiative on Patient Selection, Payments, and Outcomes for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: McNeely Christian , Orav E. John , Zheng Jie , Joynt Maddox Karen E. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation launched the Bundled Payments for Care Initiative (BPCI) in 2013. Its effect on payments and outcomes for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is unknown.

Methods and Results:

We used Medicare inpatient files to identify index admissions for PCI and CABG from 2013 through 2016 at BPCI hospitals and matched control hospitals and difference in differences models to compare the 2 groups. Our primary outcome was the change in standardized Medicare-allowed payments per 90-day episode. Secondary outcomes included changes in patient selection, discharge to postacute care, length of stay, emergency department use, readmissions, and mortality. Forty-two hospitals joined BPCI for PCI and 46 for CABG. There were no differential changes in patient selection between BPCI and control hospitals. Baseline Medicare payments per episode for PCI were $20 164 at BPCI hospitals and $19 955 at control hospitals. For PCI, payments increased at both BPCI and control hospitals during the intervention period, such that there was no significant difference in differences (BPCI hospitals +$673,
P
=0.048; control hospitals +$551,
P
=0.022; difference in differences $122,
P
=0.768). For CABG, payments at both BPCI and control hospitals decreased during the intervention period (BPCI baseline, $36 925, change −$2918,
P
<0.001; control baseline, $36 877, change −$2618,
P
<0.001; difference in differences, $300;
P
=0.730). For both PCI and CABG, BPCI participation was not associated with changes in mortality, readmissions, or length of stay. Among BPCI hospitals, emergency department use differentially increased for patients undergoing PCI and decreased for patients undergoing CABG.

Conclusions:
Participation in episode-based payment for PCI and CABG was not associated with changes in patient selection, payments, length of stay, or clinical outcomes.
Association of Cardiovascular Risk Burden With Risk and Progression of Disability: Mediating Role of Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Decline
Authors: Cui Kaiwang , Song Ruixue , Xu Hui , Shang Ying , Qi Xiuying , Buchman Aron S. , Bennett David A. , Xu Weili 
Published: September 2020

Background
Cardiovascular risk burden has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline, but its association with disability is unclear. We aimed to examined the association of cardiovascular risk burden assessed by the Framingham general cardiovascular risk score (FGCRS) with the risk and progression of disability and estimated the extent to which CVD and cognitive decline mediate this association.

Methods and Results
A total of 1480 older adults with no disabilities (mean age=79.32±7.38 years) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project were followed for up to 21 years. FGCRS at baseline was calculated and categorized into tertiles. Disability was assessed annually with activities of daily living. The number of CVDs was calculated by summing up the CVD events. Global cognitive function was assessed annually with a battery of 19 tests. Data were analyzed using the Cox model, linear mixed effects model, and mediation analysis. At the end of the follow‐up, 713 (48.2%) participants developed disability. Compared with the lowest tertile of the FGCRS, the multiadjusted hazards ratios of disability were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.11–1.62) for the highest tertile. In addition, the highest FGCRS was associated with a change in activities of daily living score over time (β=0.057; 95% CI, 0.021–0.093). The association between FGCRS and change in activities of daily living was 13.8% mediated by the accumulation of CVDs and 25.1% by cognitive decline, respectively.

Conclusions
Higher cardiovascular risk burden increased the risk of disability and accelerated its progression over time. CVD accumulation and cognitive decline may partially mediate the association.
εἰ δή τις … συκοφαντοίη: Impiety and the fiscus Iudaicus in Josephus, War 1.11
Authors: Wassell Blake 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the meaning of εἰ δή τις … συκοφαντοίη (“If any critic carps,” or “recklessly impugns”) in Josephus, War 1.11. The overarching problem comprises the accusation the author imagines he may face and his nuanced response to it. The way Josephus and comparable authors use συκοφαντέω is the initial issue. The larger one is if the author might be saying something about the fiscus Iudaicus and its potential maladministration. The proposal is that Josephus denounces the stereotyping of Judean identity in terms of cultic impiety, a stereotype that allowed the funnelling of maiestas accusations through the tax treasury. Josephus’ cynicism toward the Iudaea capta discourse, not least the Flavians’ looting the temple and hijacking its tax, darkens his expression of piety in War’s prologue with irony and vitriole.
Is Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Necessary for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Patients Undergoing Mastectomy?
Authors: Miller-Ocuin Jennifer L. , Howard-McNatt Marissa , Levine Edward A. , Chiba Akiko 
Published: August 2020

Background Current treatment guidelines for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with mastectomy recommend sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). In the modern era, there is a trend toward minimizing invasive staging and treatment of the axilla. In this study, we seek to determine the role of SLNB in patients undergoing mastectomy for the treatment of DCIS. Methods Patients undergoing mastectomy were identified from our institution’s SLNB database from 2012 to 2016. Patients were included if core needle biopsy demonstrated DCIS. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and pathologic variables were abstracted. Results Of 187 patients undergoing mastectomy with SLNB from 2012 to 2016 for DCIS or invasive ductal carcinoma, 39 (21%) were diagnosed with DCIS on core biopsy. Mean age was 57 years. 70% were Caucasian, 18% were African American, 8% were Asian, and the remaining 5% were unknown. One patient (3%) had positive nodes on SLNB and underwent axillary lymph node dissection. Of those with DCIS on core biopsy, 14 (36%) were upstaged to invasive disease on final surgical pathology, including the patient with positive SLNB. Of the remaining 25 (64%) patients with DCIS on final pathology, 0 (0%) had SLNB positivity. Conclusion Only 3% of patients with DCIS undergoing mastectomy were found to have SLN metastases. However, a significant number of patients (36%) were upstaged due to invasive cancer. Although limited by a small sample size, our results suggest that SLNB should still be recommended to patients undergoing mastectomy for DCIS on core needle biopsy due to the high rate of upstage rate to invasive disease.
COVID-19 Pandemic Significantly Decreases Acute Surgical Complaints
Authors: Riley John S. , Luks Valerie L. , de Pina Luis Filipe , Al Adas Ziad , Stoecker Jordan B. , Jackson Benjamin M. , Braslow Benjamin M. , Holena Daniel N. 
Published: August 2020

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly reduced elective surgery in the United States, but the impact of COVID-19 on acute surgical complaints and acute care surgery is unknown. Study design A retrospective review was performed of all surgical consults at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in the 30 days prior to and 30 days following confirmation of the first COVID-19 patient at the institution. Consults to all divisions within general surgery were included. Results Total surgical consult volume decreased by 43% in the post-COVID-19 period, with a significant reduction in the median daily consult volume from 14 to 8 ( P < .0001). Changes in consult volume by patient location, chief complaint, and surgical division were variable, in aggregate reflecting a disproportionate decrease among less acute surgical complaints. The percentage of consults resulting in surgical intervention remained equal in the 2 periods (31% vs 28%, odds ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.61-1.21, P = .38) with most but not all operation types decreasing in frequency. The rise in the COVID-19 inpatient census led to increased consultation for vascular access, accommodated at our center by the creation of a new surgical procedures team. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the landscape of acute surgical complaints at our large academic hospital. An appreciation of these trends may be helpful to other Departments of Surgery around the country as they deploy staff and allocate resources in the COVID-19 era.
Correlation between lifestyle and social factors in functional dyspepsia among college freshmen
Authors: Huang Zhen-peng , Wang Ke , Duan Yu-hang , Yang Guang 
Published: August 2020

Objective We aimed to examine the relationship between the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) and lifestyle habits, to identify social factors that may contribute to psychosocial disorders. Methods We enrolled 759 university freshmen in this study, who were categorized into the FD group and healthy group. All participants completed the validated Self-Rating Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale questionnaires, to assess lifestyle and social factors among participants. Results The proportion of participants with FD was 16.86%, and 67.97% were women. Diet irregularities and sleep impairment may have an effect on FD. Tea consumption may play a role in preventing FD. Participants with FD were more likely to have mood disorders than healthy participants. Most participants with FD who had mood disorders experienced mild anxiety or depression. Participants’ main sources of stress arose from daily life, development, social life, life events, and participants’ daily schedule. Conclusion Sex and lifestyle habits, including sleeping patterns and dietary habits, can have an impact on FD. Social stress and mood disorders also have an effect on FD. FD may be prevented by adjusting lifestyle habits and psychological counseling.
Quality of moxa wool contained in commercial moxibustion devices: test method and examples of waste particle concentration
Authors: Kwon O Sang , Cho Seong Jin , Choi Kwang-Ho , Kang Suk-Yun , Seo Suyeon , Ryu Yeonhee 
Published: August 2020

Background: Moxibustion treatment involves a combination of thermal and chemical stimulation applied by the combustion of moxa wool. The quality of moxa wool is considered to be an important factor in moxibustion treatment traditionally and clinically. However, despite its importance, quantitative and objective methods for determining moxa wool quality are lacking. Methods: Moxa wool and commercial indirect moxibustion (CIM) device specimens were randomly collected, dried and strained through sieves of various sizes for 10 h. After sieving, the residues remaining on each sieve were collected. The collected samples were weighed and microscopically observed. Results: In this study, we observed that fibres mainly remained on sieves sized 425 μm, and particles were smaller than 300 μm. The residues between 425 and 300 μm varied between the products. In addition, moxa wool for direct moxibustion (DMW) exhibited significantly more fibres than moxa wool for indirect moxibustion (IMW). Most of the CIM devices using moxa wool had a quality similar to IMW, except for one CIM brand using moxa wool that contained three times more waste particles than IMW. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we conclude that the sieving method is useful for testing the quality of moxa wool even after the CIM manufacturing process. The sieve sizes of 425 and 300 μm could be used as a yardstick to determine the quality of moxa wool. Although this approach requires larger scale validation against existing standard methodologies, we believe it has great potential to be used to improve and safeguard the quality of moxa wool contained in commercial moxibustion devices.