bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incomplete Electrocyclization of a Sterically Hindered 1,4‐Diphosphabutadiene
Authors: Shinozaki Tomokazu , Rosas‐Sánchez Alfredo , Hashizume Daisuke , Ito Shigekazu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractButadiene is the simplest neutral acyclic closed‐shell π‐conjugated system and is typically sufficiently stable enough to avoid electrocyclization to cyclobutene. In contrast, most congeners of butadiene containing heavier elements are easily converted into the corresponding 4‐membered cyclobutene system. Herein, we demonstrate that the gauche 1,4‐diphosphabutadiene (P=C−C=P) skeleton in a sterically encumbered 2,3‐bis(phosphanylidene)‐1,4‐disilinane can be remarkably perturbed due to “incomplete electrocyclization” where P=C−C=P partially form the corresponding 1,2‐dihydrodiphosphete (3,4‐diphosphacyclobutene) by [2+2] electrocyclization. 31P NMR data obtained in solution indicated that the coexistence of a closed ring substantially reduces the open‐ring characteristics of the P=C−C=P moiety. However, the 31P CP‐MAS spectrum of 2,3‐bis(phosphanylidene)‐1,4‐disilinane showed that the P=C−C=P structure is predominant in the solid‐state. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that decreasing the temperature promoted the generation of small amounts of incomplete 1,2‐dihydrodiphosphete system in the crystalline state. Furthermore, the 1,2‐dihydrodiphosphete units disappeared upon warming the single crystal, and this unique solid‐state electrocyclization reaction was reversible.
Incremental utility of expanded mutation panel when used in combination with microRNA classification in indeterminate thyroid nodules
Authors: Jackson Sara , Kumar Gyanendra , Banizs Anna B. , Toney Nicole , Silverman Jan F. , Narick Christina M. , Finkelstein Sydney D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFocused and expanded mutation panels were assessed for the incremental utility of using an expanded panel in combination with microRNA risk classification.METHODSMolecular results were reviewed for patients who underwent either a focused mutation panel (ThyGenX®) or an expanded mutation panel (ThyGeNEXT®) for strong and weak oncogenic driver mutations and fusions. microRNA results (ThyraMIR®) predictive of malignancy, including strong positive results highly specific for malignancy, were examined.RESULTSResults of 12 993 consecutive patients were reviewed (focused panel = 8619, expanded panel = 4374). The expanded panel increased detection of strong drivers by 8% (P < .001), with BRAFV600E and TERT promoters being the most common. Strong drivers were highly correlated with positive microRNA results of which 90% were strongly positive. The expanded panel increased detection of coexisting drivers by 4% (P < .001), with TERT being the most common partner often paired with RAS. It increased the detection of weak drivers, with RAS and GNAS being the most common. 49% of nodules with weak drivers had positive microRNA results of which 33% were strongly positive. The expanded panel also decreased the number of nodules lacking mutations and fusions by 15% (P < .001), with 8% of nodules having positive microRNA results of which 22% were strongly positive.CONCLUSIONSUsing expanded mutation panels that include less common mutations and fusions can offer increased utility when used in combination with microRNA classification, which helps to identify high risk of malignancy in the cases where risk is otherwise uncertain due to the presence of only weak drivers or the absence of all drivers.
Development of LB film taste sensor for beer degradation evaluation and its physical properties
Authors: Yazawa Masayoshi , Takahashi Kazunari , Uchida Hidekazu , Hasegawa Yuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn general, beer degradation is evaluated by sensory test; however, it depends on the subjectivity of an inspector. Therefore, it is highly required that an objective evaluation method is developed. It has been clarified that the degradation degree of beer proceeds mainly by oxidation of components derived from malt and formation of nonelectrolyte trans‐2‐nonenal. In this study, we developed LB film taste sensor using metal complex for evaluating the degradation degree of beer with trans‐2‐nonenal concentrations. In addition, the physical properties of three metal electrodes and sensing film surface were evaluated with AFM and FT‐IR, and these results and the sensor response characteristics were compared and discussed for improving the sensitivity as a sensor for beer degradation evaluation.
Effects of latitudinal, seasonal, and daily temperature variations on chytrid fungal infections in a North American frog
Authors: Sonn Julia M. , Utz Ryan M. , Richards‐Zawacki Corinne L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs human activities alter environmental conditions, the emergence and spread of disease represents an increasing threat to wildlife. Studies that examine how host–pathogen relationships play out across seasons and latitudes can serve as proxies for understanding how natural and anthropogenic changes in climate may influence infection and disease dynamics. Amphibians are ideal host organisms for studying the impacts of climate on disease because they are ectothermic and threatened by chytridiomycosis, a recently emerged and globally important disease caused by fungal pathogens in the genus Batrachochytrium. Previous studies suggest that temperature affects the interaction between amphibians and Batrachochytrium pathogens. However, a clearer understanding of this host–pathogen–environment interaction is needed to predict how the risk of chytridiomycosis will vary in space and time. Here, we investigate how daily, seasonal, and latitudinal variations in temperature affect the incidence and impact of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection in a broadly distributed host, the northern cricket frog (Acris crepitans), using a combination of field and laboratory studies. In a four‐year field study conducted at three latitudes, we found that daily maximum air temperature over a 15‐d period prior to sampling best predicted patterns of Bd infection and that the lightest infection loads followed periods when these temperatures exceeded 25°C. In a laboratory exposure experiment, we found pathogen load and mortality to be greater at temperatures that mimic winter temperatures at the southern extent of this host's range than for scenarios that mimic temperature conditions experienced in other areas and seasons. Taken together, our findings suggest that changes in temperature across timescales and latitudes interact to influence the dynamics of infection and disease in temperate amphibians.
Multigenerational migration of fall armyworm, a pest insect
Authors: Westbrook J. , Fleischer S. , Jairam S. , Meagher R. , Nagoshi R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultigenerational insect migration commonly expands poleward, but meteorological influences are not clearly understood. We coupled biological and physical processes for the agricultural and invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), by modeling its seasonal migration, and comparing simulated migrations to observed captures, and population genetic markers, at a continental scale. Simulations corroborated the spatial distribution and mixing of Texas and Florida source populations defined by genetic haplotypes. Positive relationships were found between first weeks of simulated and observed immigration, and between genetic and simulated metrics. The capacity to project biotic‐, migratory‐, and meteorology‐induced shifts in insect distributions will aid strategic implementation of crop protection measures and economic analyses of host‐resistant germplasm deployment in response to a warming climate.
Long‐term monitoring of Serengeti bird species occurrence, abundance, and habitat
Authors: Henao-Diaz L. Francisco , Sinclair Anthony R. E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Serengeti ecosystem contains one of the most diverse bird assemblages in Africa. We present here a data set consisting of abundances of bird species in different habitats of the Serengeti ecosystem over a 87‐yr time frame. This data set comprises 66,643 georeferenced occurrences for 568 species from 1929 to 2017. Most records contain feeding location, food source, distribution status, and observation locality. The records originate from three different but complementary methodologies: points, sites, and transects. The point method (bird species records 1929–2017) is based on ad hoc observations and includes rare species or those in special habitats. These points came from published records as well from the research program of A. R. E. Sinclair and colleagues. The site method (1966–2017) is based on structured observations at sites selected to represent specific habitats, and replicated within habitats and over time. At each site, birds were recorded by sight and sound over a radius of 50 m for 10 min. The transect method (1997–2011) is based on road transects covering different areas of the ecosystem. Road transects were traversed using a vehicle with observers travelling at 30 km/h. Bird species were those easily seen from a vehicle out to 50 m either side. As most transects were traversed multiple times, this method provides information on temporal change in abundance for a select set of species. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set other than citing this publication.
Estimating shedding and decay rates of environmental nuclear DNA with relation to water temperature and biomass
Authors: Jo Toshiaki , Arimoto Mio , Murakami Hiroaki , Masuda Reiji , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has been recently applied to the surveillance of species distribution and composition in aquatic ecosystems. However, most eDNA studies have used mitochondrial DNA markers, and those using nuclear DNA markers are quite scarce. Moreover, although some studies reported the availability of nuclear DNA markers for eDNA analyses, the characteristics and dynamics of nuclear environmental DNA (nu‐eDNA) of macro‐organisms remain unknown. Herein, we re‐analyzed eDNA samples described in a previously published paper to investigate the shedding and decay rates of nu‐eDNA from Japanese Jack Mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) and compared them to those of mt‐eDNA (mitochondrial environmental DNA).Materials & MethodsTank experiments consisting of 12 combinations of four temperatures and three fish biomass levels were performed, and four tank replicates were prepared for each treatment level. Before and after removing the fish from the tanks, we sampled rearing water over time to quantify nu‐eDNA copy numbers.Results & DiscussionModel fitting to eDNA decay curves demonstrated that nu‐eDNA decay rates increased in higher water temperature and with larger fish biomass. The estimated shedding rates of nu‐eDNA also increased with higher temperature and larger biomass. These results were generally consistent with those of mt‐eDNA. Moreover, the ratio of mt‐eDNA to nu‐eDNA shedding and concentration decreased with larger fish biomass levels, which implied that these values may be among the potential indices for estimating the age and body size of organisms from environmental samples. Our findings contribute to the understanding of eDNA characteristics and dynamics between different DNA markers and may help us to interpret future results of eDNA surveillance.
Experimental evaluation of solar still efficiencies as a basic step in treatment of wastewater
Authors: Taherizadeh Mahmoud , Farahbod Farshad , Ilkhani Alireza 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study investigates a unit for making use of freshwater in a kiln in a practical manner. At first, in this unit, the saline wastewater flowing out of the MED unit in Mobin Petrochemical Complex enters a gravitational bed and is subjected to preliminary treatment. In the next stage, the same saline wastewater enters the first pretreatment reactor for undergoing a coagulation procedure; then, it enters a second biological reactor for undergoing both coagulation and biological treatment. Afterwards, the output current of the biological reactor enters a solar pond for the separation of the dissolved salt in the wastewater, for which, it enters an antiseptic system that uses ultraviolet (UV) for treatment. Finally, the saline wastewater is transformed into a soft treated current. In the present study, the performance of a solar condensation unit installed on the path of the output wastewater of the UV antiseptic unit has been examined. In this study, the thermal output, conduction output, and freshwater production output have been altogether subjected to practical evaluation. The results offered herein are indicative of the relative error rates equal to about 7.2% and 4.9% for thermal output of day and night, respectively. Moreover, the conduction efficiency relative errors have been about 7% and 5.6% for day and night, respectively. In addition, on average, the relative cumulative error of the thermal energy storage substrate's output was about 3.5% per day over a month.
Simulation and experimental study on carbide dissolution process of Fe‐1C‐1.42Cr‐bearing steel
Authors: Su Fuyong , Liu Wenli , Wang Hui , Wen Zhi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the distribution of C and Cr in the microsegregation of Fe‐1C‐1.42Cr‐bearing steel was measured by experimental and numerical simulation methods. Melting points of the low‐melting zones were calculated with the Thermo‐Calc system; and then the verifications were made by heat treatment experiments and the temperature and time required for the bulk carbide dissolution process of bearing steel were tested. Bulk carbides could be dissolved by soaking for 60 minutes above 1260°C.
Rotational speed adjustment of axial flow fans to maximize net power output for direct dry cooling power generating units
Authors: Chen Lei , Sun Yuan , Yang Lijun , Du Xiaoze , Yang Yongping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe power consumption of axial flow fans may account for more than 1% of the rated power output of the power generating unit, so it is of benefit to the energy efficiency of the power generating unit to propose an operation adjustment approach to axial flow fans. On the basis of representative 2 × 600 MW direct dry cooling generating units, a computational model of air‐side flow and heat transfer of an air‐cooled condenser (ACC) combined with exhaust steam condensation is developed, by which the airflow rate, inlet air temperature of ACCs, the power consumption of axial flow fans, turbine backpressure, and net power output of power generating units at various wind speeds and in various wind directions are obtained. The results show that the net power output in the presence of winds always decreases when the rational speeds of the first upwind row axial flow fans increase from the rated speed of 79  rpm by 10% to 86.9 rpm. However, the net power output will increase in various wind directions if the rational speeds of all the fans except the upwind first row fans increase to 86.9 rpm. This can contribute to the optimal operation of the ACC by rotational speed adjustment of axial flow fans.
Environmental Goals Addressed in Assessments of Contaminated Sediments
Authors: Bruce Peter , Ohlsson Yvonne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Environmental management often aims at sustainability and at implementing goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Several of these goals rely upon healthy sediments, implying that contaminated sediments need to be addressed in environmental management. In Sweden, the SDGs and national environmental objectives are meant to be central in environmental management. However, in environmental risk assessment (ERA) for contaminated sediments, it is not clear to assessors or authorities in Sweden which goals to consider and how. In the present study, we explore which environmental goals ERAs of contaminated sediment should consider, according to representatives from Swedish regulatory and advisory authorities, and to what extent ERAs consider those goals in practice in Sweden. The identified goals indicated that protection of aquatic ecosystems and associated services is a main priority for the authorities. The ERAs analyzed showed that most identified goals were addressed, albeit not consistently. Furthermore, risk assessors seem to put less weight on ecological aspects than authorities do. This indicates that authorities need to stress the importance of environmental aspects and provide guidance on how to address them. Several environmental goals were found to be directly relevant to contaminated sediments and ERAs can contribute to their fulfillment, given that ERA is a basis for management decisions. However, practitioners need clearer guidance on which goals to address and how. Finally, there seems to be good potential for implementation of the SDGs in environmental management in Sweden, due to existing legislation based on sustainable development and well-anchored national environmental objectives that overlap with the SDGs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–12. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
The spectrum of semicyclic holey group divisible designs with block size three
Authors: Wang Lidong , Feng Tao , Pan Rong , Wang Xiaomiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe determine a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of semicyclic holey group divisible designs with block size three and group type . New recursive constructions on semicyclic incomplete holey group divisible designs are introduced to settle this problem completely.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00629 restrains the progression of gastric cancer by upregulating AQP4 through competitively binding to miR‐196b‐5p
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Lei , He Fang , Li Bo , Han Ruidong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGastric cancer continues to be a common cancer in the world with high incidence and mortality. Accumulating evidence has implicated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gastric cancer progression. Here, this study identified the potential role of a novel lncRNA, LINC00629 in gastric cancer and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Initially, microarray‐based gene expression profiling of gastric cancer was employed to identify differentially expressed genes. Next, the expression of LINC00629, microRNA‐196b‐5p (miR‐196b‐5p) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in clinical gastric cancer tissues was determined and the cell line presenting with the lowest LINC00629 expression was selected. The interaction among LINC00629, miR‐196b‐5p, and AQP4 was identified. Expression of LINC00629, miR‐196b‐5p, and AQP4 in gastric cancer cells were altered and then biological behaviors of gastric cancer cells were assessed by 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine and Transwell assays. Tumor formation in vivo was evaluated in nude mice. In gastric cancer, expression of LINC00629 and AQP4 was downregulated, and expression of miR‐196b‐5p was upregulated. Proliferation, invasion, and migration of gastric cancer cells were reduced after overexpression of LINC00629. LINC00629 competitively bound to miR‐196b‐5p, while AQP4 was a target of miR‐196b‐5p. Either downregulating miR‐196b‐5p or upregulating AQP4 could restrain the development of gastric cancer in vitro. LINC00629 overexpression repressed the growth of transplanted tumors in vivo. Taken together, LINC00629 competitively bound to miR‐196b‐5p to upregulate AQP4 expression, thereby inhibiting gastric cancer progression. Therefore, understanding of this mechanism may help to improve gastric cancer treatment.
miR‐488 mediates negative regulation of the AKT/NF‐κB pathway by targeting Rac1 in LPS‐induced inflammation
Authors: Liu Junfeng , Guo Shuai , Jiang Kangfeng , Zhang Tao , Zhiming Wu , Yaping Yang , Jing Yang , Shaukat Aftab , Deng Ganzhen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEndometritis is an inflammatory change in the structure of the endometrium due to various causes and is a common cause of infertility. Studies have confirmed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key regulatory role in various inflammatory diseases. However, the miRNA‐mediated mechanism of endometrial inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) remains unclear. In this study, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1) interference were used to reveal the overexpression of miR‐488 in the LPS‐induced bovine uterus, and the effect of protein kinase B κ‐light chain enhancement of the nuclear factor‐activated B cells (AKT/NF‐κB) pathway in intimal epithelial cells. The results showed that the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group when miR‐488 was overexpressed. Similar results were observed in the expression levels of p‐AKT, p‐IKK, and p‐p65 proteins. In addition, the dual‐luciferase reporter system confirmed that miRNA‐488 may directly target the 3′‐untranslated region of Rac1. In turn, the expression of Rac1 was inhibited. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB was inhibited, and meanwhile, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells was reduced. Thus, we provide basic data for the negative regulation of miR‐488 in LPS‐induced inflammation by inhibiting ROS production and the AKT/NF‐kB pathway in intimal epithelial cells.
Brief exposure to hyperglycemia activates dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Thomas Aline M. , Dong Ying , Beskid Nicholas M. , García Andrés J. , Adams Andrew B. , Babensee Julia E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDendritic cells are key players in regulating immunity. These cells both activate and inhibit the immune response depending on their cellular environment. Their response to hyperglycemia, a condition common amongst diabetics wherein glucose is abnormally elevated, remains to be elucidated. In this study, the phenotype and immune response of dendritic cells exposed to hyperglycemia were characterized in vitro and in vivo using the streptozotocin‐induced diabetes model. Dendritic cells were shown to be sensitive to hyperglycemia both during and after differentiation from bone marrow precursor cells. Dendritic cell behavior under hyperglycemic conditions was found to vary by phenotype, among which, tolerogenic dendritic cells were particularly sensitive. Expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 was found to reliably increase when dendritic cells were exposed to hyperglycemia. Additionally, hydrogel‐based delivery of the anti‐inflammatory molecule interleukin‐10 was shown to partially inhibit these effects in vivo.