bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Lapse Rate for High‐Resolution Land Surface Downscaling: An Application to ERA5
Authors: Dutra Emanuel , Muñoz‐Sabater Joaquín , Boussetta Souhail , Komori Takuya , Hirahara Shoji , Balsamo Gianpaolo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study we derive the environmental lapse rate (ELR) from vertical profiles of temperature in the lower troposphere, applying it to downscale air temperature of the new European Centre For Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis ERA5, which replaces ERA‐Interim (ERAI). We focus over the western U.S. region, a data‐rich area with observations of daily maximum and minimum temperature (Global Historical Climatology Network) and snow depth and soil temperature. Observations indicate an ELR of −4.5 K·km−1 in the region, lower than the commonly used −6.5 K·km−1. ERA5 ELR agrees with the observational estimates, with some overestimation in winter and limitations in the diurnal variability. The elevation correction of ERA5 temperature using different ELR showed the benefits of deriving ELR fields from ERA5 vertical profiles, when compared with a constant ELR. Simulations with the ECMWF land surface model, at 9‐km resolution, driven by ERA5 using different ELR corrections showed the added value of the methodology, but the impact of different ELR corrections is limited. However, the validity of the downscaling method in reducing temperature to station altitude suggests that there is sufficient generality for application at kilometer and subkilometer resolutions. By comparing the estimated representativity errors of observations with reanalysis, the improvements from ERAI to ERA5 are mainly visible in the random component of the error. Large systematic biases remain, which require further attention from the modeling and data assimilation, and limit the potential benefits of ELR corrections.
Whistler Mode Quasiperiodic Emissions: Contrasting Van Allen Probes and DEMETER Occurrence Rates
Authors: Němec F. , Santolík O. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Hajoš M. , Demekhov A. G. , Kurth W. S. , Parrot M. , Hartley D. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractQuasiperiodic emissions are magnetospheric whistler mode waves at frequencies between about 0.5 and 4 kHz which exhibit a nearly periodic time modulation of the wave intensity. We use large data sets of events observed by the Van Allen Probes in the equatorial region at larger radial distances and by the low‐altitude DEMETER spacecraft. While Van Allen Probes observe the events at all local times and longitudes, DEMETER observations are limited nearly exclusively to the daytime and significantly less frequent at the longitudes of the South Atlantic Anomaly. Further, while the events observed by Van Allen Probes are smoothly distributed over seasons with only mild maxima in spring/autumn, DEMETER occurrence rate has a single pronounced minimum in July. The apparent inconsistency is explained by considering a nondipolar Earth's magnetic field and significant background wave intensities which in these cases prevent the quasiperiodic events from being identified in DEMETER data.
A Revisit of Direct and Diffuse Solar Radiation in China Based on Homogeneous Surface Observations: Climatology, Trends, and Their Probable Causes
Authors: Wang Yawen , Yang Su , Sanchez‐Lorenzo Arturo , Yuan Wenping , Wild Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncreasing energy and food demands require an understanding of not only the availability and variability of total solar radiation (R) but also its partitioning into direct (Rd) and diffuse (Rf) components, which are key elements for solar power generation and plant photosynthesis, respectively. Potential inhomogeneities in surface solar radiation observations, however, add uncertainties to the published patterns and trends of Rd and Rf over China. To exclude inhomogeneous time series and outliers, a data quality control process has been applied to the surface observations of Rd and Rf. The homogeneous data show that, in response to the global dimming and brightening phenomena in R, decadal changes can also be observed in the Rd and Rf trends over China with the actual transition occurring in the mid‐2000s. Since the 1960s, Rd dimming has mainly distributed over eastern China with intensive anthropogenic activities, with recoveries especially from 2008 onward over regions with high Rd energy potential. Rf, on the other hand, had further enhanced since the 1960s especially over the high Rf proportion areas but has decreased in the recent decade over the northern region. The summer season shows the most significant decadal trends in Rd and Rf. Under clear‐sky conditions, that is, ruling out cloud effects, the transitions in Rd and Rf trends become more remarkable, pointing to atmospheric aerosols as the main driving force. In addition, dramatic Rd and Rf variations are observed in the subsequent years after large volcanic eruptions. The varying Rd and Rf proportions are in line with recent governmental control on SO2 emissions over China.
Addition of an online, validated family history questionnaire to the Dutch FIT-based screening programme did not improve its diagnostic yield
Authors: Roos Victorine H. , Kallenberg Frank G. J. , van der Vlugt Manon , Bongers Evelien J. C. , Aalfs Cora M. , Bossuyt Patrick M. M. , Dekker Evelien 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is suboptimal in detecting advanced neoplasia (AN). To increase the sensitivity and yield of a FIT-based screening programme, FIT could be combined with risk factors for AN. We evaluated the incremental yield of adding a family history questionnaire (FHQ) on colorectal cancer (CRC) and Lynch syndrome-associated tumours to the Dutch FIT-based screening programme.

Methods
Six thousand screen-naive individuals, aged 59–75 years, were invited to complete a FIT (FOB-Gold, cut-off 47 µg Hb/g faeces) and a validated online FHQ. Participants with a positive FIT and/or positive FHQ, confirmed after genetic counselling, were referred for colonoscopy. Yield of detecting AN per 1000 invitees for the combined strategy was compared with the FIT-only strategy.

Results
Of the 5979 invitees, 1952 (32.6%) completed the FIT only, 2379 (39.8%) completed both the FIT and FHQ and 95 (1.6%) completed the FHQ only. Addition of the FHQ to FIT-based screening resulted in one extra case of AN detected after 16 additional colonoscopies, resulting in a yield of 19.6 (95% CI, 16.4–23.5) for the combined strategy versus 19.5 (95% CI, 16.3–23.3) for the FIT-only strategy (p = 1.0).

Conclusions
The addition of an FHQ to one round of FIT screening did not increase the detection of AN compared with FIT only (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02698462).
Green synthesise of CuO@Fe3O4@Xantan nanocomposites and its application in enhanced oil recovery by considering IFT and wettability behaviours
Authors: Manshad Abbas Khaksar , Ali Jagar A. , Imani Irfan , Sajadi S. Mohammad , Tayeb Ubaid Nabil A. , Keshavarz Alireza 
Published: April 2020

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) makes use of various chemical processes to extract additional oil from reservoirs, often already under production. In this study, authors investigated the role of the CuO@Fe3O4@xanthan nanocomposite (NCs) in EOR by the focus of the interfacial tension (IFT) and wettability alteration mechanisms. This NCs is synthesized from Artocarpus altilis extract using a simple, economical and green method. The prepared NCs is identified using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanofluids are prepared from dispersing the synthesised NCs in water at different concentrations in order to be used in the density, viscosity, conductivity, IFT and contact angle measurements. The results showed an improvement in the values of IFT and contact angle. The IFT of oil/water is increased from 22 to 24 mN/m with increasing the concentration of the NCs from 250 to 2000 ppm. While, the wettability of the carbonate rock is remained water‐wet, wherein the contact angle is raised from 28° to 58° with increasing the NCs concetration from 250 to 2000 ppm. Overall, the IFT and contact angle are only reduced when 250 ppm NCs was added to water from 28.3 mN/m and 132.6° mN/m to 22 and 34.5°.
Das augenärztliche Gutachten in unterschiedlichen Rechtsgebieten
Authors: Rohrschneider Klaus , Tost Frank 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie augenärztliche Begutachtung unterscheidet sich in den verschiedenen Rechtsgebieten deutlich, so gelten unterschiedliche Kausalitäten und Beweismaßstäbe, und die Bewertung muss unterschiedlichen Maßstäben folgen. Für die 3 wichtigen Teilbereiche der Privaten und der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung sowie dem Schwerbehindertenrecht bzw. dem sozialen Entschädigungsrecht existieren abstrakte tabellarische Vorgaben. Die Grundlagen der Begutachtung in diesen Rechtsgebieten werden vergleichend dargestellt, dabei wird besonders auf die Kausalität eingegangen.
Comparative evaluation of proximate composition and vitamin C of Physalis angulata Linn and Physalis peruviana
Linn in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Iwansyah AC , Surahman D N , Hidayat D D , Luthfiyanti R , Indriati A , Ardiansyah C E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the proximate and vitamin C of Physalis. Two species of Physalis, namely, P. angulata L. and P. peruviana L., used as models for a comparative study. Proximate composition, fiber, and vitamin C of all part of Physalis, i.e., leaf, stem, bud, and fruit of Physalis were analyzed. Physalis angulata collected from Pagaden subdistrict (latitude: 6030’24” S, longitude: 107048’74”E, elevation: 55 MAMSL) Subang District, West Java Province, and Physalis peruviana collected from Pamulihan subdistrict (latitude: 6052’27.06”S, longitude: 107049’24.95”E, elevation: 947 MAMSL), Sumedang district, West Java Province. The results of the study showed that the existence of proximate composition and vitamin C in plant shoot of P. angulata and P. peruviana relatively evenly spread. The proximate composition and vitamin C of Physalis angulata had the same pattern as compared to that of Physalis peruviana. The results of paired sample test showed that there were no significant differences in proximate composition and vitamin C between Physalis angulata and Physalis peruviana.
Characterization of fiber fraction, physical and chemical properties of coffee flour (Coffea sp.) as functional foodstuff for diabetes mellitus patient
Authors: Mindarti S , Zalizar L , Damat  , Saati E A , Fajriani S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Coffee pulp is solid waste from coffee processing, but unfortunately, it has not been utilized optimally, particularly for foods. Objective of the research was to study characterization of fiber fraction, physical and chemical properties of coffee flour as functional dietary material, which is rich in fiber to reduce blood glucose level for diabetes mellitus patients. The research used Arabica and Robusta coffee pulps. Results of the research showed that characterization of fiber fraction for Arabica has soluble dietary fiber 4.78% (db); 4.30% (wb) higher 0.63% (db); 0.55% (wb) in comparison with Robusta. However, the insoluble dietary fiber is 69.16% (db); 62.24% (wb) and total dietary fiber is 73.32% (db); 65.98% (wb) for Robusta is higher 10.78% (db); 9.82% (wb) insoluble dietary fiber and 10.15% (db); 9.26% (wb) total dietary fiber in comparison with Arabica. Granule shape of the flour for Arabica and Robusta have uneven surfaces and diverse sizes of granule. Arabica flour granules are smaller, 12.8-49.8 µm, than Robusta, 48.8-66.8 µm. Testing the chemical properties showed fat level was 4.05% (wb); 4.55% (db), water 10.96% (wb) and ash 9.35% (wb); 10.50% (db) for Arabica are higher 0.08% (wb); 0.12%(db) fat, 0.66% (wb) water and 0.81% (wb); 0.99% (db) ash. However, carbohydrate level was 62.78% (wb); 70% (db) and protein 14.41% (wb); 16.06% (db) for Robusta was higher 1.24% (wb); 0.88% (db) carbohydrate and 0.31% (wb); 0.23% (db) protein in comparison with Arabica. Coffee flour of Arabica has better characterization for fiber fraction, physical and chemical properties, in comparison with Robusta, due to it has higher soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and smaller flour granules, which are potential as functional foodstuff for diabetes mellitus patient.
Single starter Lactobacillus plantarum for modified cassava flour (mocaf) fermentation
Authors: Damayanti E , Kurniadi M , Helmi R L , Frediansyah A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Modified fermentation of cassava to produce modified cassava flour (mocaf) is generally used spontaneous fermentation or used mixed culture as starter. Mixed culture starter application in mocaf fermentation still has limitations because it requires a large number of microbial species and a more complex starter medium. In this study, optimization of single starter lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum formulation was carried out to obtain mocaf products. The eight-month cassava (110.20 ± 6.48 ppm of HCN content ) was obtained from the local market in Gunungkidul, DI. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We used general mocaf processing, including stripping, slicing, fermenting, rinsing, drying, milling, and sieving. The starter formula including A : L. plantarum FNCC 0027 in 5% skim milk media + 0.2 % glucose and B: L. plantarum FNCC 0027 in 5% skim milk media without glucose. LAB total and pH were measured during fermentation process. Carbohydrate and HCN content of mocaf product were analysed. Carbohydrate content of mocaf were 97.34 ± 3.76 % and 96.78 ± 4.49 % whereas the HCN of mocaf products were 9.79 ± 0.08 ppm and 13.16 ± 0.48 ppm and reduction percentage of HCN content were 91.11 ± 0.11 and 88.06 ± 1.32 for starter A and starter B, respectively. Statistical analysis using T test showed that there is no sigficanlty different between starter with and without glucose addtition. For single culture application, starter L. plantarum FNCC 0027 in 5% skims milk + 0.2 % glucose resulted the better mocaf quality.
The effect of time, pH and solvent composition on cocoa shell polyphenol extraction and its antioxidant activity: response surface method approach
Authors: Wiyono T , Nurhayati R , Herawati E R N , Laila U 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cocoa is a high source of dietary polyphenols that provide health benefits to the body. Unfortunately, cocoa outer parts (fruit peel, bean shell and sludge cacao) during processing of cocoa are generally disposed of as waste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimum condition for polyphenols extraction of cocoa shell. The optimization was designed using Response Surface Method with three independent factors i.e. percent of ethanol, time of ultrasonic irradiation, and pH. Three parameters were observed i.e. total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. The results shown that the ethanol composition, time of sonication, and pH of the solvent influencing effectiveness of polyphenol extraction with optimum conditions of ethanol content of 66.56%, sonication duration 33.5 minutes, and pH 1.34.
Protein isolation of Pterois volitans venomous with a heating process for antibacterial activity assay
Authors: Sommeng A N , Riswandha F , Ginting M J , Pebriani S , Sahlan M , Hermansyah H , Wijanarko A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Pterois volitans is an invasive native predatory fish species in the Indo-Pacific ocean that disrupt the food chain and damage coral reefs which cause ecosystem imbalances. These fish have venomous spines that made them inedible and avoided by a predator. Due to its rapid growth, utilization of this venom can be useful along with controlling the population. Recent studies show the benefits of phospholipase A2, which is a protein compound that contained in the venom has antibacterial activity and expected to be an antibacterial agent. In this study, we used heating and gradual purification to obtain the optimum concentration of Phospholipase A2. The protein isolates were analyzed using the Marinetti method, determination of concentration by Lowry test, identification of protein with SDS-Page, and the antibacterial activity test using agar diffusion. The results of phospholipase A2 obtained from the extract of P. volitans venom by purification method ammonium sulfate at 80% saturation with a heating time of 35 minutes had a specific enzyme activity of 0.0206 units / µg and can inhibit E. coli bacteria 98.81% and Salmonella sp. inhibit 89.28% with a concentration of 3.77 µg / ml.
Characterisation of physical, mechanical and colour properties of Muntingia calabura fruits
Authors: Indriati A , Hidayat D D , Andriansyah R C E , Iwansyah A C , Surahman D N 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Physical, mechanical and colour properties are necessary parameters in the handling and processing of Muntingia calabura fruits. The study aimed to form physical, mechanical and colour database for Muntingia calabura fruits. Results of the study found that the polar and equatorial diameter ranged from 14.30±0.99 mm and 15.51±0.98 mm, respectively. The weight and the volume were 2.49±0.39 g and 1.12±0.21 cm3, respectively. The particle density, bulk density and porosity ranged 0.97±0,10 g/cm3, 0.57±0.03 gr/cm3 and 40.90±6.59% respectively. The average skin strength and elasticity of the average moisture content of 80.79 ± 0.50 % were 309.60±80.89 g-forces and 38.83±1.63 mm, respectively. The angle of repose on the surface of the acrylic, aluminium, stainless steel and plywood was 23.45±5.390, 24.20±4.770, 25.66±5.000 and 25.93±7.850 respectively with the static friction of 0.44±0.12, 0.45±0.10, 0.49±0.11, and 0.50±0.17 respectively. The coordinate CIE L*a*b* c* and h* of the average colour of samples was 44.914±5.011, 30.274±4.055, 10.460±2.787, 32.288±2.722 and 0.008±0.004.
Antibacterial activities of biocomposite plastic-based phenolic acids-grafted chitosan and sugar palm starch (Arenga pinata)
Authors: Anwar M , Istiqomah L , Ekaningrum M , Yembise D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Antibacterial activity of biocomposite plastics based sugar palm starch (SPS) and phenolic acid-grafted chitosan has been investigated. The various type of active compounds (ferulic acid-grafted chitosan, caffeic acid-grafted chitosan, and coumaric acid-grafted chitosan) was synthesis by free radical method and was evaluated by using FTIR and calculate the degree of substitution by using Folin-Ciocalteu procedure. The biocomposite plastics were made by combined SPS with glycerol, cellulose, zeolite, and active compounds (phenolic acid-grafted chitosan). Morphological structures were analyzed by using SEM, and antibacterial activities were evaluated by using agar diffusion method. It was found that the grafting reaction of phenolic acids was not improved the antibacterial activities. The biocomposite plastics impregnated with grafted products were showed no clear zone.
Cellulose acetate production from paddy rice straw and oil palm empty fruit bunch: trichloroacetate catalyst
Authors: Maryana R , Anwar M , Hasanah S U , Fitriana E , Suwanto A , Rizal W A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The utilization of non-wood biomass for fuels and chemicals production is widely studied in recent years. This paper reported the application of trichloroacetate as catalyst in the production of cellulose acetate from paddy (Oriza sativa) rice straw and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunch (EFB). Firstly, pre-treatment by using H2O in acidic condition was carried out prior to the soda pulping by using NaOH 10%, solid to liquid ratio 1:7. The pre-treatment and pulping aim to separate cellulose from lignin and hemicellulose. Furthermore, in order to purify the cellulose, bleaching was applied to the pulps by using NaClO2 0.5% and H2O2 10%. Finally, the paddy rice straw pulp and oil palm EFB pulp were subjected to the acetylation by using acetic anhydride as acetylating agent in CH3COOH condition with catalyst CCl3COOH and H2SO4. The analysis results by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that C=O stretching from cellulose acetate at around 1730 cm−1. Furthermore, the morphological surface and crystallinity of the raw materials and products was analysed by using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The acetylated cellulose diameter and cristallinity decreased after the acetylation reaction.
Social practice of urban environment quality assessment
Authors: Ivashova V A , Tokareva G V , Agalarova E G , Nadtochiy Yu B , Yushchenko I V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The article describes the approaches and results of studying the urban environment quality of Stavropol city – the regional centre of southern Russia. The study is based on a questionnaire survey (carried out on a representative sample stratified in accordance with the territorial division of the urban environment into administrative regions). In total, 1172 people took part in the survey. The data are processed in SPSS (version 21). The random sampling error is about 2.0%. Assessing the level of satisfaction of the population with services in the field of culture, education, medicine, trade, housing, the work of the administration gives an idea of the quality of the urban environment and the directions of its development. According to the results of the survey, among the most acute problems requiring enhanced monitoring and operational decisions, respondents identified the problems of cultural, leisure and development activities for children and youth, and medical care for the population. In addition, some questions cause additional criticism from the respondents: personal security and safety, the quality of work of local police officers, the quality of work of management companies, the condition of sports facilities, the work of clinics, and the maintenance of cleanliness in apartment buildings. Thus, in the development strategy of a comfortable urban environment, these areas should be reflected.
City branding. Features of urban image design
Authors: Karakova T V , Zaslavskaya A Y , Smolenskaya E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the article the authors consider the foundations of the methodology related to the creation of the “urban brand,” as well as methodological approaches to solving the set of environmental problems, which play a significant role in forming an authentic image of the city and increasing attention to the urban environment on the example of a specific conglomerate, including for attracting tourist flows. The novelty of the author’s approach is evident in the integrated consideration of the issue with the inclusion of multifunctional programs and interaction of various disciplinary fields, including issues related to graphic art, urban environment improvement, history, literature, philosophy and architecture. The development of the brand of the modern city is seen by the authors in the implementation of various historical and cultural urban scenarios taking into account socio-economic indicators and the involvement of design technologies capable to create a “new face of the city» including landmark historical spaces and objects that increase the complex status of the place in the city scenario.
Concept of a system for monitoring the dynamics of transport infrastructure development in a megalopolis
Authors: Zavyalov D V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sustainable development of a metropolis and its transport system is an urgent task of the modern world. The measures taken to develop mobility in a large city require regular measurement of citizens’ perceptions of the changes introduced and the use of the data obtained to monitor and manage programs for the development of urban public transport, bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, public spaces and other areas of improving the comfort of life in a megalopolis. The paper discusses the basic principles and approaches to the formation of a monitoring system of the transport system, presents the results of testing the methodology, and proposes a conceptual model of a monitoring system for the transport infrastructure development to support management decisions.