bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subchondral insufficiency fractures of the femoral head: systematic review of diagnosis, treatment and outcomes
Authors: Gaudiani Michael A , Samuel Linsen T , Mahmood Bilal , Sultan Assem A , Kamath Atul F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Subchondral insufficiency fractures of the femoral head (SIFFH) are a cause of femoral head collapse leading to degenerative hip disease. SIFFH is often mistaken for osteonecrosis given similar clinical and radiographic features. These similarities often lead to missed or delayed diagnosis which can often delay or change management. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the spectrum of demographics, diagnostic and treatment options, including hip preservation in young patient populations. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. All related peer-reviewed publications from January 1999 to January 2019 were reviewed using the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science. The systematic review identified 54 articles, encompassing 482 patients (504 hips) diagnosed with SIFFH. One hundred and seventy-six (35%) males and 306 (63%) females were included, with a mean age of 53.6 ± 17.5 years and mean body mass index of 23.4 ± 4.0 kg/m2. Mean follow-up was 23.4 ± 15.9 months. Treatment decisions were 256 (55%) non-operative, 157 (34%) total hip arthroplasty (THA), 24 (5%) transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy, 9 (2%) hip arthroscopy, 7 (2%) hip resurfacing, 3 (1%) bone grafting, 3 (1%) hemiarthroplasty and 1 (1%) tantalum rod insertion. Overall, 35% of SIFFH hips were converted to THA at latest follow-up. A majority of SIFFH patients had symptom resolution with non-operative management. Failure most often resulted in THA. In younger patients, hip preservation techniques have shown promising early results and should be considered as an alternative.
Palliative fenestration for a symptomatic subcarinal bronchogenic cyst by the prone position approach
Authors: Nakamura Toru , Fujikawa Ryo , Arai Yoshifumi , Otsuki Yoshiro , Funai Kazuhito 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A complete excision is the most reliable therapy for bronchogenic cysts (BC) but is often accompanied by technical difficulties due to severe adhesions. An 83-year-old-woman with poorly controlled diabetes noted worsening upper abdominal pain after meals and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass in the subcarinal region, and she underwent a thoracoscopic prone position surgery. The cyst wall was found to have strictly adhered to the adjacent organs, and the lesion was not amenable to a complete excision. We performed a fenestration of the cyst wall with the aspiration of an yellowish mucus content. After opening the cavity wide enough, the remnant luminal epithelium was ablated by electrocautery. Her clinical symptoms disappeared immediately after the surgery without any surgical morbidity. A prone-position thoracoscopic palliative fenestration is a feasible option for a symptomatic subcarinal BC.
Large dipole moment induced efficient bismuth chromate photocatalysts for wide-spectrum driven water oxidation and complete mineralization of pollutants
Authors: Chen Xianjie , Xu Yuan , Ma Xinguo , Zhu Yongfa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Herein, a wide-spectrum (∼678 nm) responsive Bi8(CrO4)O11 photocatalyst with a theoretical solar spectrum efficiency of 42.0% was successfully constructed. Bi8(CrO4)O11 showed highly efficient and stable photocatalytic water oxidation activity with a notable apparent quantum efficiency of 2.87% (420 nm), superior to many reported wide-spectrum driven photocatalysts. Most remarkably, its strong oxidation ability also enables the simultaneous degradation and complete mineralization for phenol, and its excellent performance is about 23.0 and 2.9 times higher than CdS and P25-TiO2, respectively. Its high activity is ascribed to the giant internal electric field induced by its large crystal dipole, which accelerates the rapid separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Briefly, the discovery of wide-spectrum bismuth chromate and the mechanism of exponentially enhanced photocatalytic performance by increasing the crystal dipole throw light on improving solar energy conversion.
Measurement of Pectoralis Minor Muscle Length in Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer: Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Application
Authors: Harrington Shana E , Hoffman Julie , Katsavelis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Decreased pectoralis minor muscle length is common after primary breast cancer treatment and can result in an abnormal position of the scapula. This position can contribute to shoulder pain and pathomechanics and can lead to problems such as impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tears, and frozen shoulder. Currently, there are limited reliable methods for measuring pectoralis minor length.

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of measuring pectoralis minor length in women diagnosed with breast cancer.

Design
This was a cross-sectional reliability and validity study.

Methods
Bilateral pectoralis minor length (in centimeters) was assessed using a palpation meter in women (N = 29) diagnosed with breast cancer by 2 licensed physical therapists who were masked to the measures. Bilateral pectoralis minor length was also measured using a motion capture system to assess validity.

Results
Intratester reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC [3,k] = 0.971; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.939–0.986; standard error of measurement [SEM] = 0.16 cm) and intertester reliability (ICC[3,k] = 0.915; 95% CI = 0.81–0.962; SEM = 0.31 cm) were excellent for the palpation meter on the affected side and the unaffected side (intratester reliability: ICC[3,k] = 0.951; 95% CI = 0.897–0.977; SEM = 0.19 cm; intertester reliability: ICC[3,k] = 0.945; 95% CI = 0.877–0.975; SEM = 0.22 cm). Significant correlations were found between the motion capture system and the palpation meter on the affected side (r = 0.87) and the unaffected side (r = 0.81). Bland-Altman plots between the palpation meter and the motion capture system demonstrated that all the measures fell within the limits of agreement.

Limitations
This study encountered possible errors with the accuracy of the motion capture system tracking because of the proximity of the markers and inherent volumetric restrictions.

Conclusions
The palpation meter is a reliable, valid, easily administered, and cost-effective tool for assessing pectoralis minor length in women with breast cancer.
Secular changes in the progression of clinical markers and patient-reported outcomes in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Carpenter Lewis , Nikiphorou Elena , Kiely Patrick D W , Walsh David A , Young Adam , Norton Sam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To examine secular trends in the progression of clinical and patient-reported outcomes in early RA.

Methods
A total of 2701 patients recruited to the Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study or Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Network with year of diagnosis from 1986 to 2011. The 5-year progression rates for patients diagnosed at different points in time were modelled using mixed-effects regression; 1990, 2002 and 2010, were compared. Clinical markers of disease included the 28-joint count DAS and the ESR. Patient-reported markers included the HAQ, visual analogue scale of pain and global health, and the Short-Form 36.

Results
Statistically significant improvements in both 28-joint count DAS and ESR were seen over the 5 years in patients diagnosed with RA compared with those diagnosed earlier. By 5 years, 59% of patients with diagnosis in 2010 were estimated to reach low disease activity compared with 48% with diagnosis in 2002 and 32% with diagnosis in 1990. Whilst HAQ demonstrated statistically significant improvements, these improvements were small, with similar proportions of patients achieving HAQ scores of ≤1.0 by 5 years with a diagnosis in 1990 compared with 2010. Levels of the visual analogue scale and the Mental Component Scores of the Short-Form 36 indicated similar, statistically non-significant levels over the 5 years, irrespective of year diagnosed.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates improvements in inflammatory markers over time in early RA, in line with improved treatment strategies. These have not translated into similar improvements in patient-reported outcomes relating to either physical or mental health.
Women’s Family and Employment Life Courses Across Twentieth-Century Europe: The Role of Policies and Norms
Authors: Zagel Hannah , Van Winkle Zachary 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article examines longitudinal patterns of work–family reconciliation across Europe and whether the influence of defamilizing policies on those patterns is contingent on the normative context. Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement and sequence analysis are used to reconstruct and analyze women’s family and employment life courses from age fifteen to fifty years, born in the period between 1924 and 1966 from fourteen countries. Historic family policy data and gender attitudes collected in the International Social Survey Programme are included in multinomial regressions. Results suggest that defamilization and gender egalitarianism increase the labor market attachment of women with traditional family life courses independently.
Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Alne Thomas 
Published: November 2019

Background
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has shown promise for increasing survival and neurological recovery for post–cardiac arrest patients who are not responding neurologically initially after return of spontaneous circulation.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the differences between surface and intravascular cooling methods of TH related to survival and neurological outcomes in post–cardiac arrest patients.

Method
A literature search was conducted from 2008 to 2018 using 4 databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus.

Results
Six articles were identified that compared surface and intravascular cooling for TH in post–cardiac arrest patients, with the outcomes being mortality and neurological outcome. The articles included observational retrospective studies, a systematic analysis, and randomized controlled studies. The articles had between 167 and 934 participants from multiple locations, including Europe, Australia, France, Norway, the Netherlands, and South Korea. The analyzed literature did not highlight differences in mortality or neurological outcome when surface cooling or intravascular cooling was used in post–cardiac arrest patients. One study did find that intravascular cooling was superior to surface cooling in mortality and neurological outcome. Three studies showed better survival rates after intravascular cooling even if not statistically significant. Clinically, using either cooling method is acceptable.

Discussion
This review found no difference between intravascular and surface cooling and effects on survival and neurological outcome. More research needs to be performed on the best type of cooling method as well as the best product within each category.
Visualization of the “Intradermal Plexus” Using Ultrasonography in the Dermis Flap: A Step beyond Perforator Flaps
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Hayashi Akitatsu , Yamamoto Takumi , Visconti Giuseppe , Karakawa Ryo , Fuse Yuma , Iida Takuya 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Free flaps have evolved from musculocutaneous flaps to perforator-based cutaneous flaps. The subdermal plexus is now thought to play a significant role in skin paddle perfusion. We propose a new concept, the “intradermal plexus,” allowing survival of dermis flaps, according to our study.

Methods:
A dermis flap was used in 6 cases to reconstruct small defects. The superficial branch of the superficial circumflex iliac artery was traced distally using an ultrasound device with a 70-MHz linear array transducer until the artery’s branch entered the dermis. The location of the dermis entry site was marked and the vessels running inside the dermis were observed and video-recorded. A flap was elevated above the superficial fascia, and the adipose tissue was removed using scissors after confirmation of the vessels’ dermis entry point.

Results:
The use of 70-MHz ultrasonography permitted observation in all patients of small arteries entering the dermis layer. The artery was observed to give off branches after entering the dermis, in effect constituting an “intradermal plexus.” Small veins entering the dermis were similarly visualized using 70 MHz ultrasonography. All flaps survived completely.

Conclusions:
Small arteries and veins entering and running inside the dermis were visualized for the first time with 70 MHz real-time ultrasonography. Knowledge of the existence of this “intradermal plexus” made it possible to discard nearly all subdermal adipose tissue quickly and safely, without resorting to the elaborate measures described in previous reports.
The Use of Hydrodissection in Nipple- and Skin-sparing Mastectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tasoulis Marios-Konstantinos , Agusti Ana , Karakatsanis Andreas , Montgomery Catherine , Marshall Chris , Gui Gerald 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Hydrodissection (HD) is a method to create a subcutaneous and prepectoral plane during mastectomy using a mixture of crystalloid solution with local anesthetic and epinephrine. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative complications and surgical outcomes of this technique compared with standard mastectomy.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent bilateral risk-reducing, nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate implant-based reconstruction through an inframammary crease incision either with standard electrocautery (control group) or HD (HD group) between January 2013 and January 2017. Patient demographics, procedural details, surgical outcomes, and complications were compared using nonparametric statistical tests and logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Forty-one patients (82 nipple-sparing mastectomies) were analyzed (23 patients in the HD group and 18 in the control group). Patients' demographics were similar for both groups. Surgical time was shorter with HD compared with standard mastectomy (median 168 versus 207.5 minutes, P = 0.016) with shorter median hospital stay (2 versus 2.5 days, P = 0.033). Complication rates were similar in both groups, and fewer patients in the HD group required Coleman fat transfer to improve cosmesis (12 versus 3, P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
HD mastectomy is a safe alternative to standard technique in selected patients. Further surgical research to explore the role of HD in a wider clinical setting is warranted.
Automatic Anterior Chamber Angle Measurement for Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Using Deep Learning
Authors: Li Wanyue , Chen Qian , Jiang Zhenying , Deng Guohua , Zong Yuan , Shi Guohua , Jiang Chunhui , Sun Xinghuai 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:To develop a software package for automated measuring of the trabecular-iris angle (TIA) using ultrasound biomicroscopy.Methods:Ultrasound biomicroscopy images were collected and the TIA was manually measured by specialists. Different models were used as the convolutional neural network for the automatic TIA measurement. The root-mean-squared error, explained variance, and mean absolute percentage error were used to evaluate the performance of these models. The interobserver reproducibility, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated to evaluate the consistency between the manual measured and the model predicted values.Results:ResNet-18 had the best performance in root-mean-squared error, explained variance, and mean absolute percentage error among all 5 models. The average difference between the angles measured manually and by the model is −0.46±3.97 degrees for all eyes, −1.67±5.19 degrees for open angles, and 0.75±1.43 degrees for narrow angles. The coefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and reproducibility of the total TIA measurements are 6.8%, 0.95, and 6.1 degrees for all angles; 6.4%, 0.99, and 7.7 degrees for open angles; and 8.8%, 0.93, and 4 degrees for narrow angles, respectively.Conclusions:Preliminary results show that this fully automated anterior chamber angle measurement method can achieve high accuracy and have good consistency with the manual measurement results, this has great significance for future clinical practice.
Evaluation of Iridocorneal Angle, Choroidal Thickness, and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Children With a History of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Ulusoy Mahmut Oğuz , Kivanç Sertaç Argun , Kal Ali 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is proliferative retinopathy affecting premature infants associated with abnormal maturation of the retinal vasculature. We sought to evaluate iridocorneal angle, choroidal thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) of the children that have a history of ROP using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Patients and Methods:
Fifty eyes of 28 children with a history of ROP and 46 eyes of 23 healthy school-aged children were included in this study. RNFLT, choroidal thickness, and iridocorneal angle parameters [trabecular iris angle, angle opening distance (AOD500), and trabecular iris space area (TISA500) 500 μm from the scleral spur] were evaluated using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Student t test was used to compare the mean of the parameters. Correlations between the variables were investigated based on the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient.

Results:
Subfoveal (ROP: 253.98±42.5; control: 286.2±71.9; P=0.045), 500 µm (ROP: 242.04±41.8; control: 276.7±45.3; P=0.003), 1000 µm (ROP: 237±39.7; control: 270.15±55.93; P=0.007), and 1500 µm (ROP: 224.16±37.5; control: 259.75±55.2; P=0.003) temporal choroidal thicknesses were significantly thinner in ROP history children. None of the RNFLT parameters and ganglion cell complex thickness were different between groups. Iridocorneal angle parameters were significantly lower in children with ROP history. (trabecular iris angle: ROP=31.35±3.9 degrees, control=35.4±4.5 degrees, P<0.001; TISA500: ROP=0.167±0.05 mm2, control=0.21±0.05 mm2, P=0.003; AOD500: ROP=480.96±160.4 µm, control=542.95±161.2 µm, P=0.035).

Conclusions:
ROP is associated with differences in the iridocorneal angle. Possible iridocorneal angle pathology should be a consideration in children with a history of ROP.
Crowdsourcing Morphology Assessments in Oculoplastic Surgery: Reliability and Validity of Lay People Relative to Professional Image Analysts and Experts
Authors: Rootman Daniel B. , Bokman Christine L. , Katsev Blake , Rafaelof Michael , Ip Michael , Manoukian Narek , Esfandiari Mahtash , Webb Noreen M. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To determine if crowdsourced ratings of oculoplastic surgical outcomes provide reliable information compared to professional graders and oculoplastic experts.

Methods:
In this prospective psychometric evaluation, a scale for the rating of postoperative eyelid swelling was constructed using randomly selected images and topic experts. This scale was presented adjacent to 205 test images, including 10% duplicates. Graders were instructed to match the test image to the reference image it most closely resembles. Three sets of graders were solicited: crowdsourced lay people from Amazon Mechanical Turk marketplace, professional graders from the Doheny Image Reading Center (DIRC), and American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery surgeons. Performance was assessed by classical correlational analysis and generalizability theory.

Results:
The correlation between scores on the first rating and the second rating for the 19 repeated occurrences was 0.60 for lay observers, 0.80 for DIRC graders and 0.84 for oculoplastic experts. In terms of inter-group rating reliability for all photos, the scores provided by lay observers were correlated with DIRC graders at a level of r = 0.88 and to experts at r = 0.79. The pictures themselves accounted for the greatest amount of variation among all groups. The amount of variation in the scores due to the rater was highest in the lay group at 25%, and was 20% and 21% for DIRC graders and experts, respectively.

Conclusions:
Crowdsourced observers are insufficiently precise to replicate the results of experts in grading postoperative eyelid swelling. DIRC graders performed similarly to experts and present a less resource-intensive option.
Usefulness of High Resolution T2-Weighted Images in the Evaluation and Surveillance of Vestibular Schwannomas? Is Gadolinium Needed?
Authors: Pizzini Francesca B. , Sarno Alessandro , Galazzo Ilaria Boscolo , Fiorino Francesco , Aragno Anna M. R. , Ciceri Elisa , Ghimenton Claudio , Mansueto Giancarlo 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
First aim of study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of high resolution T2-WI (HRT2-WI) and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted image (Gd T1-WI) sequences in quantitative evaluation of vestibular schwannomas (VS). The second one was to determine through qualitative evaluation when Gd-injection should be recommended.

Methods:
Two observers in consensus retrospectively reviewed 137 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients with histological diagnosis of VS (33 women, 26 men), 116 with both HRT2-WI and Gd T1-WI. The examinations were subdivided in: surveillance (10), pretreatment (30), posttreatment (43), and posttreatment follow-up (33) studies. Quantitative evaluation was based on size measurement of the lesion. Structural details of the lesion, facial nerve course, and involvement of the fundus of the internal auditory canal were assessed for the qualitative evaluation in both sequences.

Results:
No statistically significant changes were demonstrated between size measurement in the HRT2-WI and Gd T1-WI (p = 0.329). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of HRT2-WI in the detection of lesional size were 90.4, 98.9, 92.5%, respectively. HRT2-WI was worse for characterization of structural details in pretreatment, posttreatment, and posttreatment follow-up examinations. HRT2-WI showed better or equal capability for all the groups in the demonstration of the facial nerve course. In the evaluation of the involvement of the fundus of the internal auditory canal, HRT2-WI showed worse results or had a complementary role for the posttreatment and posttreatment follow-up groups, while in the other groups was considered mainly equal or complementary. Only in the surveillance group, HRT2-WI was never worse for all the criteria.

Conclusion:
Results for quantitative evaluation were similar in both the sequences. Gadolinium injection can be avoided only in surveillance studies.