bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Price-Swinging Stock Market Fundamentals: Nexus and Contemporary Features
Authors: Agundu Prince Umor C. , Wula James T. , Musa Usman Mamuda 
Published: April 2020

The factors which determine stock prices in capital markets are many and diverse; hence researchers in the academic fields of accounting and finance intermittently undertake to track them with contextual emphasis. From the philosophical basics to the more rigorous econometric dispositions, analysts in different schools of thought had ventured in this regard and came up with divergent outcomes. Some factors did commonly appear for most stock markets, while various conditions surrounding the respective scenes accounted for environmental dynamics. This reinforces the truism that each market has acclimatized rules and regulations, country peculiarities, and investor typologies; all of which provide basis for uniqueness. In this conceptual analysis, the factors that feature as dominant determinants of stock prices are Earnings per Share (EPS), Dividend Per Share (DPS), and Price-Earnings Ratio (P/ER); among which the last is the most and not the least. It further attests to the prevailing value relevance of financial statement information emanating from corporate accounting reports; hence the imperativeness of stock market regulators sustaining the rules that make for adherence to best practices. The alternative to informational reliability is institutional fragility; because when investors’ confidence erodes, liquidity squeezes, efficient markets crashes, and in turn, investors withhold investments. It, therefore, requires market regulatory/administrative mechanisms to be focally directed at enhancing reportorial compliance and compelling higher due diligence, accountability and responsibility in line with international standards.
An Assessment of the Impact of Internal Auditing on the Financial Management of Local Government: A Study of Katagum Local Government Area of Bauchi State
Authors: Gololo Ibrahim Aliyu 
Published: April 2020

This study examines the impact of internal auditing on the financial management of local government, with particular reference and attention to the katagum local government area of Bauchi state. Staff of internal audit, finance and account constitutes the population of the study from which a sample size of forty (40) respondents was selected based on convenience sampling method. Chi-square (x2) method was adopted as a statistical tool of data analysis to analyze the collected data. The result indicates that internal audit impact positively and significantly on the financial management of Katagum local government. It is recommended that internal audit unit of the Katagum local government should be allowed to fully access all the local government account and records, properties and investments files to carry out their duties diligently. Internal audit unit staff should also be allow attending workshops, seminars, conferences in order to broaden their knowledge. Adequate independence should be given to the unit to discharge their duties without due interference and regular review of the whole system of internal control in the local government should be carried out.
Dynamism of Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Nigeria: Interest Rate and Market Capitalization Causality Evidence
Authors: Agundu Prince Umor C. , Henry Akani Waleru 
Published: April 2020

The potency of monetary transmission channels anchors the process by which interest rate movements and other cardinal aggregates influence critical financial fundamentals in an economy. This study, thus, examines dynamism of the monetary transmission mechanism with focus on the causality of interest rate and market capitalization in the Nigerian economy. Time series data covering a period of 36 years (1981 - 2015) were extracted from publications of monetary authorities and related agencies, including annual reports of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in the country. Facilitated by E-Views software, the analytical proceedings generated the required statistical outcomes in terms of coefficient of correlation (r), coefficient of determination (R2), t-statistic, and F-statistic. Granger causality test was also conducted to clearly establish the direction of causality between the focal variables. Essentially, the null hypothesis is rejected as probability of the F-statistic is less than the specified 0.05 level of significance. The granger causality test statistics run from four interest rate components to the operational capital market fundamental (with F-statistics of 5.758, 5.540, 4.209,and5.656; as well as probability values of 0.008, 0.009, 0.002, and 0.009 respectively). In view of the analytical outcomes, it is recommended that interest rate components be efficiently synergized to boost investors’ confidence and further drive monetary policy dynamics towards greater financial system vitality and sustainability in Nigeria.
Sovereign Credit Rating Announcements and Liquidity Shocks in the Lebanese Daily Foreign Exchange Market
Authors: Azar Samih Antoine 
Published: April 2020

Sovereign credit rating announcements are usually unexpected events that can affect local financial markets either favorably or detrimentally. In Lebanon, the credit outlook witnessed a deteriorating trend since the mid of the year 2016. The major hypothesis of this paper is that the reaction to the bad credit rating announcements is statistically significant, although ephemeral, delimited to just a few days. It is through the liquidity channel that these announcements create uncertainty and affect the economy. There are two related hypotheses: (1) illiquidity shocks impact undesirably the financial markets, and (2) credit rating announcements are accompanied by a surge in illiquidity. Since the impact of these announcements is ephemeral it should be assessed by high-frequency data, or at most by daily financial data. The domestic foreign exchange market is an ideal place to study this impact. Fortunately, the central bank of Lebanon has lately made available daily foreign exchange rates for six major currencies beginning in 2010. This defines six multiple regressions that are constructed to differentiate between the short-run and the long-run responses to illiquidity. The empirical results show that the above two hypotheses are strongly supported. Moreover, it matters little whether the event window is 3, 4 or 5 days.
JEL Classification: G14, F31, C58, C38.
Banks’ Profitability in an Islamized Financial System: Comparative Study between Iran and Sudan
Authors: Al-Harbi Ahmad 
Published: April 2020

The main objective of this paper is to explore and compare the drives of banks’ profitability in Iran and Sudan as both countries Islamized their financial systems, and according to the best of my knowledge is the first paper to compare banks’ profitability on the only two Islamized financial systems in the world, Iran and Sudan. This study employs panel data techniques specifically one-way fixed effect model, data obtained from Bank scope database, to address this paper title for the period 1992-2008. The descriptive statistics results show that Iranian banks are more profitable and have higher loan to total asset ratio in comparison to Sudanese banks. Contrary, Sudanese banks are more liquid; more capitalized and have higher reserves. The regression analysis reported that capital adequacy (positive), loan intensity (negative), management efficiency (negative), lagged GDP growth (positive) and real interest rate (positive) had the same significant effect on banks’ profitability in Iran and Sudan. Meanwhile, liquidity albeit had the same positive effect on banks’ profitability in Iran and Sudan the results were significant in case of Iran. On the other hand, size, credit risk and industry concentration had opposite effect on banks in Iran and Sudan. The effect of size was negative for Iranian banks and positive and insignificant for Sudanese banks. Also, credit risk was negative and significant for Iranian banks and positive for Sudanese banks (insignificant). The same applies for industry concentration as the variable impacted Iranian banks negatively (significant) and Sudanese banks positively (significant).
The Determinants of Liquidity Risk in Islamic Banks: A Case of Sudanese Banking Sector
Authors: Mennawi Ahmed Nourrein Ahmed , Ahmed Ahmed Ali 
Published: April 2020

Liquidity risk either due to a surplus or serious shortage in liquidity has a significant impact to the performance and sustainability of Islamic banks. Nevertheless, there are still no common agreement on specific factors that determine the liquidity risk in Islamic banking. This study investigates the determinant factors that affect the liquidity risk of Sudanese Islamic banks. A sample of 11 banks has been selected for a period of 7 years (2012 – 2018). The study is based on secondary data that analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis for hypotheses tests. It investigated the explanatory variables of the bank’s cash position (CASH), investment in short-term securities (SECA), degree of financing the assets from customers’ deposits (DPAS) and bad financing and credit risk (NPL) as representatives of banks’ specific factors plus one microeconomic factor which is Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The analysis found a significant and negative relation of CASH and SECA with the liquidity risk in Islamic banks. On the other hand, the results reveal that the DPAS and NPL variables have a positive relation and significant, while the GDP seen to be irrelevant to liquidity risk in Islamic bank. The importance of the study is that it touches the most significant type of risk that most of Sudanese Islamic banks face, and the data analysed covers a relatively longer period of time than similar studies for a single country. We target that the study contributes in providing decision-makers with reasonable ground for prediction and managing the liquidity risk.
JEL Classification: G21, G17, G32.
Influence of reservoir geology on seismic response during decameter-scale hydraulic stimulations in crystalline rock
Authors: Villiger Linus , Gischig Valentin Samuel , Doetsch Joseph , Krietsch Hannes , Dutler Nathan Oliver , Jalali Mohammadreza , Valley Benoît , Selvadurai Paul Antony , Mignan Arnaud , Plenkers Katrin , Giardini Domenico , Amann Florian , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We performed a series of 12 hydraulic stimulation
experiments in a 20m×20m×20m foliated, crystalline rock volume
intersected by two distinct fault sets at the Grimsel Test Site,
Switzerland. The goal of these experiments was to improve our understanding
of stimulation processes associated with high-pressure fluid injection used
for reservoir creation in enhanced or engineered geothermal systems. In the
first six experiments, pre-existing fractures were stimulated to induce
shear dilation and enhance permeability. Two types of shear zones were
targeted for these hydroshearing experiments: (i) ductile ones with intense
foliation and (ii) brittle–ductile ones associated with a fractured zone. The
second series of six stimulations were performed in borehole intervals
without natural fractures to initiate and propagate hydraulic fractures that
connect the wellbore to the existing fracture network. The same injection
protocol was used for all experiments within each stimulation series so that
the differences observed will give insights into the effect of geology on
the seismo-hydromechanical response rather than differences due to the
injection protocols. Deformations and fluid pressure were monitored using a
dense sensor network in boreholes surrounding the injection locations.
Seismicity was recorded with sensitive in situ acoustic emission sensors
both in boreholes and at the tunnel walls. We observed high variability in
the seismic response in terms of seismogenic indices, b values, and spatial and
temporal evolution during both hydroshearing and hydrofracturing
experiments, which we attribute to local geological heterogeneities.
Seismicity was most pronounced for injections into the highly conductive
brittle–ductile shear zones, while the injectivity increase on these
structures was only marginal. No significant differences between the seismic
response of hydroshearing and hydrofracturing was identified, possibly
because the hydrofractures interact with the same pre-existing fracture
network that is reactivated during the hydroshearing experiments. Fault slip
during the hydroshearing experiments was predominantly aseismic. The results
of our hydraulic stimulations indicate that stimulation of short borehole
intervals with limited fluid volumes (i.e., the concept of zonal insulation)
may be an effective approach to limit induced seismic hazard if highly
seismogenic structures can be avoided.
Large impact of tiny model domain shifts for the Pentecost 2014 mesoscale convective system over Germany
Authors: Barthlott Christian , Barrett Andrew I. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The mesoscale convective system (MCS) that affected Germany at Pentecost 2014 (9 June 2014) was one of the most severe for decades. However, the predictability of this system was very low as the operational deterministic and ensemble prediction systems completely failed to predict the event with more than a 12 h lead time. We present hindcasts of the event using the COnsortium for Small-scale MOdeling (COSMO) model at a convection-permitting (2.8 km) resolution on a large (1668 km×1807 km) domain. Using this large domain allowed us to successfully simulate the whole life cycle of the system originating from the French Atlantic coast. However, even with the large domain, the predictability of the MCS is low. Tiny changes to the model domain produced large changes in the MCS, removing it completely from some simulations.
To demonstrate this we systematically shifted the model domain by just one grid point in eight different directions, from which three did not simulate any convection over Germany. Our analysis shows that there were no important differences in domain-averaged initial conditions or in the preconvective environment ahead of the convective system. The main reason that one-third of these seemingly identical initial conditions fail to produce any convection over Germany seems to be the proximity of the track of the initial convective system to the coast and colder sea surface. The COSMO model simulates small horizontal displacements of the precursors of the MCS which then determine if the cells dissipate close to the sea or reach a favorable area for convective development over land and further evolve into an MCS. This study demonstrates the potentially huge impact of tiny model domain shifts on forecasting convective processes in this case, which suggests that the sensitivity to similarly small initial-condition perturbations could be a helpful indicator of days with low predictability and should be evaluated across other cases, models, and weather regimes.
Investigating the Challenges Faced by ESP Learners in Saudi EFL Context
Authors: Nasser Alharthi Abdulaziz 
Published: April 2020

ESP courses are designed to meet the specific needs of students. With this regard, it is noted that there are many challenges and problems that encounter ESP students studying English for Business Administration at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. This study has two aims, the first one is to explore the problems faced by students and the second one is to find possible solutions in order to overcome these problems in the light of the views of the students. The main instruments that were used in this study were interviews and documents (results of final exams). To achieve the aims of this study, 5 Saudi male students majoring in Business Management and Administration, participated in this study. The results showed that students registered on the ESP business modules faced a variety of problems. The nature of such problems is divided into three categories: class size, the limitation of inputs, and classroom management.
100 jaar vrouwenkiesrecht in Nederland?
Authors: Partiman Devika 
Published: April 2020

100 years of Women’s Suffrage in The Netherlands? A historical addition to the false tale of political equality
In 2019, throughout The Netherlands, 100 years of women’s suffrage was celebrated. This celebration is historically incorrect: the voting law from 1919, broadly seen as the law that gave all Dutch women the right to vote, was a discriminatory law. It excluded many women – mostly those living in the former colonized parts of the Kingdom of The Netherlands – for decades after the laws implementation. This article shares a more complete history of women’s suffrage in The Netherlands, through the history of the voting law in the entire Kingdom of The Netherlands. The article gives insight into how this historical political exclusion still contributes to a lack of representation of many women in The Netherlands.
Graphic Library Optimization for MIPS Architecture
Authors: Novkovic Teodora , Lukac Zeljko , Jovanovic Petar , Kastelan Ivan 
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper and research was to analyse the efficiency of the compiler-generated code for the graphics library and to present results obtained by optimization for the MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second) architecture. Libpng is the official Portable Network Graphics reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. Given the data structure in the PNG files, as well as the capabilities of the MIPS instruction set, it was expected that significant improvements could be made. Graphic library libpng is optimized by using MIPS instruction set extension and tested on MIPS Malta 74K platform. Test results show, that by using MIPS optimization test, execution times are substantially improved. Our libpng optimization have achieved performance increase of 10 %–78 % depending on optimized routine.
Comparison of Dispersion Compensation Techniques for Real-Time up to 160 Gbit/s DWDM C-Band Transmission
Authors: Salgals Toms , Supe Andis , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Porins Jurgis , Spolitis Sandis 
Published: April 2020

The exponential growth of data traffic related to the progress of newest technologies (e.g., 4K/8K live stream videos, virtual reality (VR) applications, etc.), new services, and a fast-growing number of end-users require higher bandwidth and increase of user bitrate, as a result pushing hard the telecommunication infrastructure for upgrading. Expected usage of more complex modulation formats in fiber optical link infrastructure for cellular network transmission and data center interconnections (DCI) are still affected with fundamental chromatic dispersion influence on the signal quality, which consequently increases bit error rate (BER). We experimentally demonstrate a real-time comparison of commercially used dispersion compensation techniques for 100 GHz spaced dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) optical transmission system with a total transmission speed capacity of 160 Gbit/s.
Connecting Myself to Indian Residential Schools and the Sixties Scoop
Authors: Salazar Alexa , Crowe-Salazar1 Noela 
Published: April 2020

This is a joint work between my Mom and I. It begins with a story passed down to my Mom about my grandfather’s experience at an Indian Residential School. My Mom asks me questions about the story and I respond, learning more as we talk. We ended up writing back and forth to one another over a few days to complete this. I found it very emotional and hard to talk about.We share this story fully acknowledging it is only one story, and it is shared with the intent for learning. I have heard many people say Residential Schools happened a long time ago. My mom started to share this story several years ago with primarily non-Indigenous social work students to demonstrate how Residential School and the Sixties Scoop impacted the five generations she speaks of in the story. My brother’s first day of school became a much bigger moment for her and my Mushum.We share this story with deep respect for all the families who were impacted by Residential Schools and the Sixties Scoop. We stand with you and support all of your voices and recognize many of you have lost far more than we have. For all our non-Indigenous family and friends, we share this with respect for you as well, and to foster better understanding and as a step towards reconciliation. This is our truth.
La veille à l’INSPQ : une co-construction fructueuse
Authors: Chevrier Julien , Lacourse Mahée 
Published: April 2020

Il y a dix ans, un service structuré de soutien à la veille s’est mis en place à l’Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ). Le succès lié à ce service repose essentiellement sur le croisement de l’expertise en santé publique des conseillers scientifiques avec les savoirs méthodologiques et techniques de l’équipe documentaire. Cet article se veut un partage des pratiques d’accompagnement à la veille actuellement en cours à l’INSPQ. À la suite d’informations contextuelles sur l’INSPQ, son équipe documentaire et la vision institutionnelle de la veille, nous y détaillerons nos processus méthodologiques et les outils mobilisés pour bâtir les dispositifs de veille. Ces deux grandes sphères, méthodologiques puis technologiques, sont explorées tour à tour en prenant pour cadre théorique les six étapes de la veille que sont : la planification, le repérage, la collecte, l’analyse et la gestion, la diffusion et l’évaluation.
Vitamin D Levels and Visual System Measurements in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Abbatemarco Justin R. , Fox Robert J. , Li Hong , Bermel Robert A. , Ontaneda Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its role in progressive MS has not been elucidated. The objective was to determine the correlation between vitamin D levels and visual parameters in primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS).Methods:Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) levels were obtained from the Secondary and Primary Progressive Ibudilast NeuroNEXT Trial in MS (SPRINT-MS). Visual function measurements and vitamin D associations were determined using the Pearson correlation and the generalized linear mixed model.Results:The analysis included 258 patients (mean ± SD age of 55.6 ± 7.3 years, 52.7% female, and 52.3% PPMS). Mean vitamin D values were above sufficiency and were similar between PPMS and SPMS (P = .47 and P = .31). There was no association between 25(OH)D3 levels and any visual markers, including peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (Spearman r = −0.08), macular volume (r = −0.03), ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (r = −0.07), and 2.5% low-contrast visual acuity test (r = −0.10). No statistically significant associations between vitamin D levels and visual system measurements were detected in the PPMS and SPMS subgroups.Conclusions:Vitamin D levels were not associated with optical coherence tomography findings or low-contrast letter acuity in this group of patients with progressive MS.