bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Предложения неприоритетной цели в болгарском языке и их русские параллели
Authors: Ivanova Elena 
Published: March 2020

Clauses of non-priority purpose in Bulgarian and their Russian parallelsThe paper deals with Bulgarian compound sentences with the conjunction kolkoto da, whose status among the classes of subordinate clausal constructions is debated in Bulgarian studies. Arguments are put forward to substantiate the existence of a special structural semantic subtype of clauses of purpose: those having a meaning of an action accomplished pro forma non-priority purpose. The semantic and syntactic peculiarities are analysed against a background of other structures with the conjunction kolkoto da, primarily in contrast to clauses of measure and degree, to which the structures in question are usually attributed. The range of Russian correspondences for such patterns is outlined. With reference to parallel corpora Bulgarian-Russian and Russian-Bulgarian, the factors are identified that influence the choice of Russian conjunctions liš′ by, tol′ko by, tol′ko čtoby, as well as of clauses of purpose with čtoby as translation correspondences of Bulgarian sentences with kolkoto da. Изречения за неприоритетна цел в българския език и техните руски паралелиВ статията се разглеждат българските сложни съставни изречения със съюз колкото да. Предлагат се синтактични и семантични основания те да бъдат разделени в две отделни групи. Едните съобщават за формално извършващото се действие и са вариант на финалните изречения, на тях е отделено особено внимание в статията. Другата група има признаци на изречения за количество и степен. Анализирани са семантико-синтактичните свойства и на двата типа. Съставя се списък на руските съответствия, различни за двете посочени групи.Въз основа на паралелните корпуси българско-руски и руско-български се определят условията за избор на руските съюзни средства лишь бы, только бы, только чтобы, а също подчинените изречения за цел с чтобы като преводни съответствия на българските изречения с колкото да.
Роль процесса актуализации ориентализмов в формировании современного сараевского городского койне
Authors: Chmelevskij Michail 
Published: March 2020

The role of the process of updating orientalisms in the formation of Sarajevo’s modern urban koinéThe article discusses the process of updating orientalisms in the contemporary spoken language and the jargon of the inhabitants of Sarajevo. The examples illustrate the fact that lexemes of Turkish origin have expanded in recent decades their semantics in the language of Bosnian Muslims and have become a hallmark of their language identity. Particular attention was paid to the most characteristic terms and those reflecting the specificity of the mentality, culture and everyday life of the Muslim part of the BIH population. The material collected in 2009–2015 during scientific expeditions comes from interviews with Sarajevo residents, from new jargon dictionaries and texts present in the media and social networks. Uloga procesa aktualizacije orijentalizama u formisanju savremenog sarajevskog gradskog žargonaU ovom članku se razmatra aktuelni jezički proces aktualizacije orijentalizama u savremenom razgovornom jeziku stanovnika grada Sarajeva i njihovom žargonu. Pomoću navedenih primera se prikazuju činjenice kako lekseme uglavnom turskog porekla u zadnjim decenijama proširuju svoju semantiku u govoru bosanskih Muslimana i postaju svojvrsno obeležje njihovog jezičkog identiteta. Posebnu pažnju smo obratili na izraze koje najviše karakterišu i odražavaju specifičnost mentaliteta, kulture i svakodnevnog života muslimanskog dela stanovništva BiH. Građa za ovo istraživanje je sakupljena tokom naučnih ekspedicija 2009. – 2015. g. putem anketiranja govornika sarajevskog žargona te novih žargonskih rečnika, medija i socijalnih mreža.
Nazwy owoców, jagód, grzybów i warzyw w języku rosyjskim i polskim: frazeologia, metaforyka
Authors: Ananiewa Natalia 
Published: March 2020

The names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in Russian and Polish: Phraseology, metaphorsIn this article we analyzed the secondary functions of the names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in Russian and Polish. We investigate the function of these words in phraseology and their metaphorical usage. There are common and different features in Russian and Polish in this aspect. Among the differences, the following are analyzed : 1 the usage of different names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in these languages for example, zadat' percu in Russian and zadać bobu in Polish; 2 the usage of the hiperonim in one of these languages and usage of the hiponim in the other language for example, grzyb in Polish and smorčok in Russian — about an old and sick person; 3 the usage of the names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in one of these languages and the absence of such words in the other language for example, Russian staryj hren and Polish stary piernik, Russian âbloku negde upastʹ and Polish nie ma gdzie szpilki wetknąć — ‘a lot of people’; 4 the differences in the meaning of the names of fruits, berries, mushrooms and vegetables in Russian and Polish for example, Russian repa ‘head’ and Polish rzepka ‘knee-cap’. Названия фруктов, ягод, грибов и овощей в русском и польском языках: фразеология, метафорикаВ статье анализируются номинации фруктов, ягод, грибов и овощей, выступающие во вторичной функции в составе фразеологизмов и в метафорическом употреблении в русском и польском языках. Выделяется общее и различное между этими двумя языками в данной области. Среди различий рассматриваются следующие: 1 употребление в этих языках названий разных фруктов, ягод, грибов и овощей например, задать перцу в русском и zadać bobu в польском; 2 употребление в одном из языков гиперонима, а в другом гипонима например, grzyb в польском и сморчок в русском — о старом и больном человеке; 3 наличие в одном из языков названия фрукта, ягоды, гриба или овоща при отсутствии таких номинаций в другом языке например, в русском старый хрен — в польском stary piernik, в русском яблоку негде упасть — в польском nie ma gdzie szpilki wetknąć ‘о большом количестве людей, тесноте’; 4 различия в значении номинаций фруктов, ягод, грибов и овощей в русском и польском языках например, в русском репа ‘голова’ — в польском rzepka ‘коленная чашечка’.]]>
Störungsfaktoren im Bereich der universitären Wissensvermittlung in gesprochener Sprache
Authors: Grzeszczakowska-Pawlikowska Beata 
Published: March 2020

Hochschu­len. Dies trifft u.a. für die universitäre Wissensvermittlung zu. Auf Grund der steigenden Studie­renden-Mobilität bilden die interkulturell bunt gemischten Seminare einen festen Bestandteil der universitären Lehre. Der interkulturelle insgesamt durchaus positiv zu wertende Austausch unter Stu­dierenden bedeutet allerdings nicht in allen Fällen eine reibungslose Kommunikation. In der kom­munikativen Wirklichkeit ist auch potenziell mit gewissen Störungen zu rechnen. Das Erfassen von Ursachen für diese Störungen stellt einen ersten Schritt für die Optimierung der jeweiligen Kommunikationsabläufe dar. Dieser Problematik widmet sich der vorliegende Beitrag am Beispiel einer interkulturell geprägten Redesituation, in der akademisch gesichertes Wissen vermittelt wird.Disruptions to the communication of academic knowledge through spoken language Intercultural communication has, for some time now, been a feature of everyday life in higher edu­cation institutions. This applies also to the communication of academic knowledge acquired by students during their university studies. Increasing student mobility means that interculturally di­verse seminars are now a central feature of university teaching and learning but, although the ex­change between students certainly ought to be viewed positively, it does not always lead to smooth communication. In real-life communication there may be potential disruptions. Understanding what causes such disruptions constitutes the first step towards optimizing oral interactions. This paper will explore this issue, using the example of a spoken interaction in which academic knowledge is communicated.
Obrót nieruchomościami w Unii Europejskiej wobec swobody przepływu kapitału
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej 
Published: March 2020

Real property trade in the European Union and free movement of capitalThe subject matter of this article is to selectively discuss the basic factors affecting the freedom of real property trade within the common market of the European Union. The guaranties secur­ing thefreedom to acquire by union foreigners real property in the member states follow directly from the provisions of TFEU. The set of treaty regulations relating to internal market freedoms holds a key role in the process of realising the fundamental purposes of the European Union. The free movement of capital has profound meaning for the realisation of all the treaty freedoms. Deviations from the rule, which allow for limiting the freedom and which result from the will of the member states, are acceptable within the legal system of the European Union only in exceptional circum­stances provided by that law. There are two groups of conditions required for alawful deviation from the rule of the free movement of capital. The first group covers the considerations resulting directly from the Treaty. The second includes the circumstances deemed lawful pursuant to the for­mula of imperative requirements of the public interest.
„Tà apórreta” w prawie ateńskim
Authors: Rominkiewicz Jarosław 
Published: March 2020

Tà apórreta in Athenian law The article is devoted to tà apórreta — “forbidden words” in Athenian law, a groundless use of which could lead to a defamation charge díke kakegorías. The apórreta catalogue included terms like androphónos “mankiller”, metraloías “mother beater”, patraloías “father beater”, apobeblekénai ten aspída, i.e. accusation of abandoning one’s shield on a battlefield as well as accusation of undertaking paid work on the agora levelled against an Athenian citizen. After presenting the sources making it possible to partly reconstruct the catalogue of the “forbidden words”, the author analyses the various apórreta. Next, he presents theories explaining the reasons why these terms were proclaimed forbidden and tries to determine when the law in question was adopted.Tà apórreta im athenischen RechtDer Beitrag ist den tà apórreta — „verbotenen Worten” im athenischen Recht gewidmet, deren unbegründete Anwendung die Erhebung einer Klage wegen Verbalinjurie díke kakegorías zur Fol­ge haben konnte. In dem Katalog der apórreta befanden sich folgende Bezeichnungen: androphónos „Mörder”, metraloías „der die Mutter Schlagende”, patraloías „der den Vater Schlagende”, die Wendung apobeblekénai ten aspída, also die Beschuldigung, das Schild auf dem Kampffeld liegen gelassen zu haben oder der Vorwurf auf der Agora, ein römischer Bürger sei erwerbstätig. Nach der Schilderung der Quellen, die eine teilweise Widerherstellung des Katalogs der „verbotenen Worte” ermöglichten, analysiert der Autor die einzelnen apórreta. Im weiteren Teil des Beitrags stellt er sei­ne Theorien dar, die erklären sollten, warum diese Wendungen für verbotene Worte erklärt wurden und versucht zu ermitteln, wann dieses Recht beschlossen wurde.
Krajowy system ratowniczo-gaśniczy w zarządzaniu kryzysowym
Authors: Czudiak Jakub 
Published: March 2020

National firefighting and rescue system in crisis managementThe article characterizes the essence of cooperation and dependence between the National rescue and fire extinguishing system and the crisis management system. The study indicates the origin of the indicated systems, the legal basis for their functioning, and the administration bodies performing the tasks. The purpose of the publication is to describe the structure of the rescue and firefighting system and crisis management together with the presentation of their common elements. The author describes, amongst other features, the operating phases of individual systems, taking into account convergent and corresponding elements. The postulates that the systems complement each other, and the primary objective of their functioning is to act for the benefit of citizens’ and state security.
Działania ratownicze ochotniczych straży pożarnych podczas akcji ratowniczych organizowanych i prowadzonych przez Państwową Straż Pożarną
Authors: Filaber Joanna 
Published: March 2020

Rescue actions of volunteer firefighters during rescue operations organised and managed by State FirefightersThere are several kinds of entities responsible for fire protection strictly related to public safety of the Republic of Poland: public administration organs and specialised units. Furthermore, fire protection is provided by non-government organisations and citizens themselves. The latter associate as, for example, members of volunteer firefighters who gather deliberately to take civil responsibility for both individual and local safety risked by fire and other dangers. The aim of this paper is to present the legal aspects of volunteer firefighters rescue actions and to indicate their position and significance in operations organised and managed by State Firefighters to provide fire protection of the Republic of Poland.
Ochotnicza straż pożarna jednostką ochrony przeciwpożarowej
Authors: Nowicki Henryk 
Published: March 2020

Volunteer fire department as a part of fire safetyThis article presents a legal status of volunteer fire departments and their role in the fire safety system. It pays particular attention to the fact that the activity in the field of fire safety belongs to public task, in this case carried out by social organisations. Taking into account the legal status of the volunteer fire departments acting as associations which often have a character of public benefit organisations, the author postulates a clear statutory indication of the legal nature of the volunteer fire departments as associations with legal personality. Therefore it is important to equip the volunteer fire departments with professional legal and fund management which should be provided by the relevant municipalities.
Contribution à l’étude diachroniquedu vocabulaire relatif au son — remarques sur la traduction du livre v du de architectura de vitruve par jean martin 1547
Authors: Dupuy Estèle , Féron Corinne 
Published: March 2020

CONTRIBUTION TO THE DIACHRONIC STUDY OF THE VOCABULARY RELATED TO SOUND: REMARKS ON JEAN MARTIN’S TRANSLATION 1547 OF THE FIFTH BOOK OF DE ARCHITECTURA BY VITRUVIUS Our study tries to precise the signification of words which were used to speak about sound in technical, scientific or practical texts since these words were apprehended only through literary source in ancient and modern dictionaries. This paper deals with lexical choices made by Jean Martin in his translation of De Architectura of Vitruvius, which is the first French translation 1547. This translation has been followed by several other translations including those by Claude Perrault, Charles Maufras, Catherine Saliou. We focused on three terms: loquence and barbotement, which are products of an interpretation of Vitruvius’ text, and resonance, which, in Martin’s meaning, is a product of a semantic change.
Somaestetyka i gastronomia. Kilka myśli o sztuce jedzenia
Authors: Shusterman Richard 
Published: March 2020

Somaestetyka i gastronomia Kilka myśli o sztuce jedzenia
Rozpatrując estetykę gastronomii, można skupić się na co najmniej trzech odrębnych, choć powiązanych nawzajem elementach. Pierwszym są złożone procesy, doświadczenia i względy cele i kryteria przygotowywania pożywienia, do których zaliczyć można dbałość o sposób podawania jedzenia na talerzu i stole. Drugim elementem są obiekty spożywcze, jako takie, rozważane pod kątem swych własności — nie tylko w sensie właściwości odbieranych przez różne narządy zmysłów, lecz także w sensie szerszych społecznych i symbolicznych znaczeń pokarmów, a wśród nich ich wartości odżywczych. Trzecim elementem są rozmaite procesy składające się na konsumpcję pożywienia. Ten trzeci wymiar gastronomii dotyczący spożywania jedzenia można rozumieć jako sztukę jedzenia w bardziej specyficznym sensie węższym od ogólnego pojęcia sztuki gastronomicznej. To na sztuce jedzenia właśnie skupia się mój artykuł. Co odróżnia zwykły akt jedzenia od sztuki jedzenia? Jakie cechy musi mieć podmiot praktykujący jedzenie jako wyrafinowaną sztukę i jakim wartościom służy sztuka jedzenia? Jakie elementy przynależą do sztuki jedzenia i w jakie sposoby sztuka ta angażuje somatyczny podmiot, wymagając somatycznych umiejętności i wrażliwości? Jak do lepszego zrozumienia sztuki jedzenia może przyczynić się somaestetyka? W moim artykule staram się odpowiedzieć na te pytania.

Somaesthetics and gastronomy: Reflections on the art of eatingIn considering the aesthetics of gastronomy, one can focus on at least three distinct, though related, elements. First, the complex processes, experiences, and considerations aims and criteria in preparing food, which can include also the preparations for the presentation of food on the plate and table; second, the food objects themselves in terms or their qualities — not only the qualities they present to our various senses but also in terms of their larger social and symbolic meanings which can also include meanings related to nutritional qualities; and third, the various processes involved in the consumption of the food. This third dimension of gastronomy, which concerns the ingestion of food, can be construed as the art of eating in the narrower, more specific sense rather than its general sense of gastronomical art, and it is the focus of my paper. What distinguishes the mere act of eating from an art of eating? What qualities are demanded of the subject who practices eating as a refined art and what values does the art of eating serve? What are the different elements of the art of eating, and what are the different ways in such art engages the somatic subject and requires somatic skill and sensitivity? How can somaesthetics contribute to a better understanding of the art of eating? My paper addresses these questions.
Historia i obrazy. Niedokończony film Yael Hersonski
Authors: Nieracka Agnieszka 
Published: March 2020

History and images: Yael Hersonski’s A Film Unfinished The complex relations of the cinematic image with history and memory are the context for the analysis of A Film Unfinished. The author refers to other documentary evidence of the Holocaust Night and Fog by Alain Resnais and Shoah by Claude Lanzmann, to the concept of postmemory Marianne Hirsch and image epistemology Georges Didi-Huberman. This film presents the found footage — a Nazi propaganda document Das Ghetto subjected to the strategy of representation, which consists of a complex network of viewpoints, including various formal procedures. The au­thor reflects on the status of images combined with the testimony of the survivors, the diaries of the ghetto inhabitants, the statements of the Nazi cameraman.
Budowanie marki jako performans
Authors: Snarska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2020

Brand Building as a PerformanceThe following article is an attempt of description phenomena of corporate spectacles in an anthropological perspective. It focuses on the roots of corporate performatics in terms of carnaval­ization of culture, play, entertainment, self-presentation, acting and also criticism of consumption­ism — phenomena typical for contemporary culture related to part of company’s activities focused on brand building, in particular its subdomain: experiential marketing. The structure is based on 2 types of acting performed by the corporations: presenting oneself, and creation of spectacles. The author aims not only at underlining the strong bonds between brand building and anthropology of spectacles but also attempts to describe the ritual roots of most of branding activities.
Kryminałki dla najmłodszych. O nurcie polskiej literatury kryminalnej adresowanej do dziecięco-młodzieżowego czytelnika po roku 1989. Rekonesans
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Adam 
Published: March 2020

Crime stories for the youngest. About the current of Polish crime novels addressed to children and teenagers after 1989: ReconnaissanceLiterature intended for children and teenagers has got a specific character because of the specificity of the reader. What attracts our attention is first of all the didactic level of texts addressed to young concerning both age and literary knowledge readers and the instrumentalism, understood as a flow of particular information which aim is exerting a pedagogical influence. Therefore, the criminal intrigue is not in the centre of reader’s attention. It does, however, play an important role as the fiction mode, which enables genealogical instantiation of a particular text. This property draws the crime story for children and teenagers near to the novel of manner which is addressed to the juvenile reader; in this novel, the central theme point remains the closest setting of a protagonist, who is modelled on the assumed reader and his or her relationship with surroundings. The criminal thread is then fulfilling a function of a background which allows boosting the plot of the novel. However, reading texts for children and teenagers can be treated as an introduction to adult-oriented novels, especially when the reader has an opportunity to solve the mystery together with protagonists and outrun them in uncloaking the killer.
Gen autoprezentacji a gatunek uczniowskiej wypowiedzi pisemnej
Authors: Grzegórzek Mirosław 
Published: March 2020

The gene of self-presentation and pupils’ written work as a genreSelf-presentation accompanies us throughout our lives. It is an important factor influencing our interactions with people, able to strengthen our identity and self-esteem or, on the contrary, underlie social fear. Analysing written genres present at school, the author concludes that self-presentation is a category which does not exhaust the notion of genre. He tries to demonstrate that it is possible to distinguish the category of self-presentation gene and, on its basis, the genotype of self-presentation genre at school in the context of genre model and self-presenting textual competence. From this point of view work on self-presentation is an important element of anthropocentric teaching.
Opodatkowanie kryptowalut w Polsce
Authors: Dobosz Damian , Niziołek Anna 
Published: March 2020

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę opodatkowania kryptowalut. W niniejszym opracowaniu zaprezentowano rozwój kryptowalut i prawodawstwa polskiego w tej materii. Przede wszystkim przedstawiono tematykę ujęcia kryptowalut z punktu widzenia przedmiotu opodatkowania w ustawach podatkowych. Ponadto przywołane zostały interpretacje podatkowe, w których można zaobserwować różne sposoby ujęcia problematyki opodatkowania kryptowalut przez urzędy skarbowe. W dalszej części opracowania zaprezentowano najnowsze zmiany ustawy o PIT, wchodzące w życie od 1 stycznia 2019 roku oraz ich potencjalne konsekwencje dla podatników. Taxation of cryptocurrencies in PolandThe article delves into the issue of cryptocurrencies taxation. This work explains the development of cryptocurrencies as well as the Polish law concerning that problem. What is also presented is the perception of cryptocurrencies in view of the subject of taxation in Polish tax regulations. Furthermore, the article refers to the tax rulings in which several different ways of perceiving cryptocurrencies taxation by tax authorities are included. The work also examines the changes in Personal Income Tax in Poland from 1 January 2019 and their potential consequences for taxpayers.