bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Equation Model of affecting factors on elder abuse to patients under hemodialysis by family caregivers
Authors: Mahmoudian Amaneh , Shamsalinia Abbas , Alipour Atefeh , Fotokian Zahra , ghaffari fatemeh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting the abuse of the elderly by family caregivers among the elderly with hemodialysis (HD) using structural equation modeling.MethodThe study is descriptive-cross sectional, which is conducted in 2018 in Iran. The sample size was 367 in both groups (the elderly and their family caregivers). Data collection was done using an individual-social information questionnaire for the older adults under hemodialysis and their family caregivers, the questionnaire of elder abuse by family caregivers to the older people under hemodialysis, Zarit Burden Interview and the scale of instrumental activities of Daily Living (IADL). Data were analyzed by the SEM method. The Fitness of proposed pattern was measured using the following indexes: Chi-squared degree of freedom ratio (CMIN/DF), Parsimonious Normed Fit Index (PNFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Parsimonious Comparative Fit Index (PCFI), Incremental fit index (IFI), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). The significant level in this study was considered p <0.05.ResultsThe results of the present study showed that more than 70% of the elderly suffer from elder abuse by family caregivers on average. The highest median elder abuse was related to emotional misbehavior (21.46±6.09) and financial misbehavior (19.07±5.33), respectively. 63.2% of caregivers have experienced moderate care burden. 81.4% of women and 80.5% of older men needed help with daily activities. The results showed that the caregivers’ level of education and care burden with standard beta coefficient of -0.251 and 0.200 and the level of elderly’s education and IADL with the best beta coefficient of -0.299 and -0.234, had the highest regression effect on elder abuse respectively. According to the results, the model-fit indices of the hypothesized model was meet the criteria, with the PNFI= 0.746, PCFI= 0.796, IFI= 0.963, GFI=0.970, CFI=0.967, and RMSEA= 0.075. The outcome was suitable for the recommended level, so the hypothetical model appeared to fit the data.ConclusionProviding psychological interventions for family caregivers can reduce the burden when the elderly suffers from other chronic illnesses.
Cancer cells invasion to the gastric bare area adipose tissue: a poor prognostic predictor for gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Yongming , Xu Shuhang , Huang Chunyu , Ling Yihong , Liang Chengcai , Miao Yuhua , Sun Xiaowei , Li Yuanfang , Zhou Zhiwei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The relationship between gastric bare area adipose tissues invasion (GBAI) confirmed pathologically and the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients is undefined. Till present, there hasn’t been literature investigating this phenomenon. Here, we aimed at analyzing the implication of GBAI in GC.Methods: The data of 1822 patients who underwent radical surgery between January 2000 and December 2013 at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrieved. Pathologically, tumor deposits (TDs) located >5mm from the leading edge of the primary tumor and the lymph nodes (LNs) station number 1, 2, 7, and 9 were considered as GBAI. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox’s proportional hazards model were employed to analyze.Results: 205 (11.3%) patients were pathologically diagnosed with GBAI, which was more commonly found in proximal or linitis lastica than distal GC (P<0.001). There was significant difference in 5-year survival between patients with and without GBAI for stages IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, respectively (P<0.009 for IIB, IIIA and IIIB, P=0.021 for IIIC). Among the 205 GBAI patients, 61 had detailed radiological follow-up data in which 26 (34.7%) were found to have retroperitoneal infiltration, 27 (36.0%) had peritoneal metastasis, 10 (13.3%) had hematogenous metastasis, 16 (21.3%) had lymphatic metastasis, and 16 (21.3%) had others.Conclusions: GBAI was identified as a predictor of unfavourable prognosis for GC and was more commonly found in the proximal or linitis plastica of the stomach than in distal stomach. Retroperitoneal infiltration was one of the most commonly identified metastatic route for GC associated with GBAI after radical surgery.
Bio-inspired general synthesis of superplastic metal-organic framework aerogels and their applications
Authors: Sun Yuntong , Xu Shuaishuai , Zhu Junwu , chen sheng , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Many proposed utilizations for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) demand their assembly into three-dimensional (3D) monolithic architectures. The capability of sustaining structural integrity during considerable deformations is important to allow a monolithic material that works reliably. Nevertheless, it remains a significant challenge to realize high superplasticity in 3D macroscopic MOF networks. Here we report the ice-template-driven assembly of MOF nanobelts to form superelastic MOF-based cellular aerogels. Inspired by the hierarchical architecture of natural cork, the resulting materials can fully and rapidly recover its initial architecture after 50% strain compression and unloading for 2000 cycles. The characteristic hierarchical structure can be extended to single (Ni-, Mn-, and Co-), binary (NiMn-, NiCo-, and CoMn-), and ternary (NiCoMn-) MOF aerogels with exceptionally structural and chemical properties. Potential application has been further demonstrated for NiMn-MOF aerogels in flexible energy conversion, which can effectively electrocatalysize hydrogen evolution in natural seawater even in the presence of considerable electrode deformations. The successful fabrication of such a class of fascinating architectures opens up enormous opportunities for exploring new application of MOFs in a free-standing, structurally adaptive, and macroscopic form
Lightweight Authentication Protocol in Edge-based Smart Grid Environment
Authors: Chen Chien-Ming , Chen Lili , Huang Yanyu , Kumar Sachin , Wu Jimmy Ming-Tai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A smart grid (SG) is an advanced power grid system deployed in a cloud center and smart meters (at the consumer end) that provides higher reliability, better data protection, improved power efficiency, automatic monitoring, and effective management of power consumption. However, an SG also poses certain challenges that need to be addressed. For example, data provided by a smart meter are time sensitive and cannot handle high latency in an SG. Moreover, a smart meter depends on the memory, energy, and other factors. In addition, the security between a cloud center and smart meter is an important issue that needs to be resolved. Edge computing, which is an extension of cloud computing deployed in an edge network between a cloud center and the end devices, is an efficient solution to the above-mentioned issues. Therefore, in this study, we propose a secure mutual authentication protocol based on edge computing for use in an SG.
A place-based analysis of COVID-19 risk factors in Bangladesh urban slums: A secondary analysis of World Bank microdata
Authors: Hasan Shaikh Mehdi , Das Susmita , Hanifi Syed Manzoor Ahmed , Shafique Sohana , Rashid Sabrina , Reidpath Daniel D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:
There is a lack of research investigating the confluence of risk factors in urban slums that may make them accelerators for respiratory, droplet infections like COVID-19. Our working hypothesis was that, even within slums, an inverse relationship existed between living density and access to shared or private WASH facilities.
Methods:
In an exploratory, secondary analysis of World Bank, cross-sectional microdata from slums in Bangladesh we investigated the relationship between intra-household population density (crowding) and access to private or shared water sources and toilet facilities.
Results:
The analysis showed that most households were single-room dwellings (80.4%). Median crowding ranged from 0.55 m2 per person up to 67.7 m2 per person. The majority of the dwellings (83.3%), shared both toilet facilities and the source of water, and there was a significant positive relationship between crowding and the use of shared facilities.
Conclusion:
The findings highlight the practical constraints on implementing, in slums, the conventional COVID19 management approaches of social distancing, regular hand washing, and not sharing spaces. It has implications for the management of future respiratory epidemics.
Referrals to a Pediatric Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Before and After Introduction of a Referral Education Module - a Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Ezhumalai Gopalakrishnan , Jayashree Muralidharan , Nallasamy Karthi , Bansal Arun , Bharti Bhavneet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Provision of timely care to critically ill children is essential for good outcome. Referral from smaller peripheral hospitals to higher centers for intensive care is common. However, lack of an organized referral and feedback system compromises optimal care. We studied the quality of referral letters coming to our Emergency Department (ED) with respect to their demography, association with severity of illness and mortality before and after referral education. Methods: Our study was completed in three phases in the Pediatric ED; Pre-intervention, Intervention and Post intervention phases. Quality of referral letter was matched with a quality checklist proforma and graded as ‘good’, ‘fair’ and ‘poor’ if it scored >7, 5 –7 and < 5 points respectively. A peer reviewed referral education module was prepared using case studies, expert opinions, and lacunae observed in the first phase and administered to health care providers (HCP’s) of referring hospitals. Quality of referral letter was compared between pre and post intervention phases. Results: Most referrals belonged to the neighboring states of Punjab (48.2%) and Haryana (22.4%). Major referring hospitals were from public sector (80.9%), of which the teaching hospitals topped the list (53.6%). Government run ambulance services (85.5%) was commonest mode of transport used and need for a PICU bed and/or mechanical ventilation (50.4%) was the commonest reason for referral. The post intervention phase saw a significant decline in the proportion of poor (93.2 vs.78.2%; p=0.001) and a significant increase in the proportion of fair (6.1 vs 18%; p=0.001) and good referral letters (0.7 vs 18%; p=0.001). The proportion of children with physiological decompensation at triage had reduced significantly in the post intervention phase [513 out of 1403 (36.5%) vs. 310 out of 957 (32.3%); p= 0.001]. Conclusion: Referral education had significantly improved the quality of referral letters. Proportion of children with physiological decompensation at triage had decreased significantly after referral module. This change suggests sensitization of the peripheral hospitals towards a better referral process. Continued multifaceted approach will be required for sustained and increased benefits
Screening of Conserved Non-Coding Elements with Enhanced Activity of SHOX Gene in PAR1 Region and Its Regulation Mechanism on SHOX Gene
Authors: Zhang Huijiao , Xu Xuejiao , Xin Shijie , Zhu Gaohui , Zhu Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Defects in conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) are associated with a large number of genetic diseases. The short-chain homeobox gene (SHOX) is regulated by different CNEs in the upstream and downstream, and these CNEs can act as enhancers as homeopathic regulatory elements. Abnormal CNEs upstream and downstream of the SHOX gene can result in short stature of different phenotypes. Methods: This study screened all the CNEs with enhancer action in the PAR1 region of SHOX gene, of which CNE10 and CNE11 have not been reported internationally. We investigated the relationship between CNEs with enhancer action and different promoters of SHOX in HEK293T cells by dual luciferase reporter system. Among them, CNE-2 and CNE-3 up-regulated the activity of SHOX promoter 2, while CNE-5, CNE9, CNE10 and CNE11 up-regulated the activity of SHOX promoter 1.Results: The six groups (CNE-5, CNE-3, CNE-2, CNE9, CNE10, CNE11) are considered to have an enhanced effect on the expression of the SHOX gene. CNE-2 and CNE-3 up-regulated the activity of SHOX promoter 2, while CNE-5, CNE9, CNE10 and CNE11 up-regulated the activity of SHOX promoter 1. Conclusion: CNE-2 and CNE-3 and may have skipped SHOX promoter 1 to interact with SHOX promoter 2 through chromatin looping. The downstream CNE9, CNE10, and CNE11 may skip the interaction of SHOX promoter 2 with SHOX promoter 1, thereby regulating the expression of SHOX.
Exposure Characterization of Ultrafine Particles From the Blast Furnace Process in a Steelmaking Plant
Authors: Gao Xiangjing , Zou Hua , Wang Qunli , Zhou Zanrong , Yuan Weiming , Luan Yuqing , Quan Changjian , Zhang Meibian , Tang Shichuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Information regarding the exposure characteristics of ultrafine particles generated by working activities in the steelmaking industry is very limited. This study aimed to investigate the exposure characteristics of ultrafine particles from the blast furnace process in a steelmaking industry. Methods: The morphology of particles, their elemental compositions, temporal variations in particle concentrations (e.g., total number concentration (NC), total respirable mass concentration (MC), surface area concentration (SAC)), personal exposure level, and the size distributions by number were measured. The relationships among total NC, total respirable MC, and SAC were determined by analyzing the concentration ratios (CR), correlation coefficients (CC), and the consistency of temporal variations in particle concentrations. Results: The particles collected from the blast furnace process presented as irregular agglomerates, and the predominant elements were O, Al, and Si. The total NC, total respirable MC, and SAC increased after working activity started and decreased gradually to background levels after the operation stopped. The median, mean, geometric mean, and modal sizes of particles remained relatively stable during working activities, ranging from 20 to 50 nm. Size distribution by number showed that the sizes of particles released from the slag releasing location were mainly gathered at 10.4 and 40 nm. The highest numbers appeared at 10.4 nm and 40 nm, which reached 3 × 106 pt/cm3. Particles ranging 100–469 nm were less than 8 × 105 pt/cm3, while particles with sizes larger than 374 nm were less than 2 × 104 pt/cm3. There was a good correlation between the total NC, SAC, and respirable MC. The order of CC for these three parameters was R total NC and SAC (r = 0.681) > R SAC and respirable MC (0.456) > R total NC and respirable MC (0.424).Conclusions: These findings indicate that working activities generated high levels of ultrafine particles. The ultrafine particle concentrations exhibited activity-related and periodic variations. The total NC and SAC were more appropriate metrics for characterizing ultrafine particles at the slag releasing location than total respirable MC. This study provides baseline data on the exposure characteristics of ultrafine particles during the blast furnace process.
Post-operative pain management modalities employed in clinical trials for adult patients in LMIC: a systematic review
Authors: Afshan Gauhar , Khan Robyna Irshad , Ahmed Aliya , Siddiqui Ali Sarfraz , Rehman Azhar , Raza Syed Amir , Kerai Rozina , Mustafa Khawaja 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Unrelieved postoperative pain afflicts millions each year in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Despite substantial advances in the study of pain, this area remains neglected. Current systematic review was designed to ascertain the types of clinical trials conducted in LMIC on postoperative pain management modalities over the last decade. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in June 2019 on PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant trials on the management of postoperative pain in LMIC. Out of 1450 RCTs, 108 studies were reviewed for quality evidence using structured form of critical appraisal skill program. Total of 51 clinical trials were included after applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: Results are charted according to the type of surgery. Eleven trials on laparoscopic cholecystectomy used multimodal analgesia including some form of regional analgesia. Different analgesic modalities were studied in 4 trials on thoracotomy, but none used multimodal approach. In 11 trials on laparotomy, multimodal analgesia was employed along with the studied modalities. In 2 trials on hysterectomy, preemptive pregabalin or gabapentin were used for reduction in rescue analgesia. In 13 trials on breast surgical procedures and 10 on orthopaedic surgery, multimodal analgesia was used with some form of regional analgesia. Conclusion: We found that over the past 10 years, clinical trials for postoperative pain modalities have evolved in LMIC according to the current postoperative pain management guidelines i.e. multi-modal approach with some form of regional analgesia. The current review shows that clinical trials were conducted using multimodal analgesia including but not limited to some form of regional analgesia for postoperative pain in LMIC however this research snapshot (of only three countries) may not exactly reflect the clinical practices in all 47 countries.
Impact of Age, Rurality and Distance in Predicting Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy for Breast Cancer in a Midwestern state: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Lizarraga Ingrid , Kahl Amanda R , Jacoby Ellie , Charlton Mary E , Lynch Charles F , Sugg Sonia L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: There is substantial variability in the use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in women with unilateral breast cancer across the United States. Iowa is one of several rural Midwestern states found to have the highest proportions of CPM nationally in women <45 years of age. We evaluated the role of rurality and travel distance as factors related to these surgical patterns.Methods: Women with unilateral breast cancer (2007-2017) were identified using Iowa Cancer Registry records. Patients and treating hospitals were classified as metro, nonmetro and rural based on Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. Differences in patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics and median travel distances (MTD) were compared. Characteristics associated with CPM were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression.Results: 22,158 women were identified: 57% metro, 26% nonmetro and 18% rural. The overall proportion of CPM in Iowa was consistently higher than in the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER18) throughout the interval from 2007-2015. Young rural women had the highest proportion of CPM (<40 years: 52%, 39% and 40% for rural, metro, nonmetro, respectively). Half of all rural women had surgery at metro hospitals; these women had the longest MTD (56 miles). Of all women treated at metro hospitals, rural women had the highest proportion with CPM (17% rural; vs 14% metro/nonmetro, p=0.007). On multivariate analysis, traveling ≥50 miles (ORs 1.48-2.34) or being rural regardless of travel distance was predictive of CPM (OR = 1.36). Other risk factors were young age (<40 years: OR=7.18, 95% CI: 5.89-8.76) and surgery at a metro hospital that offers reconstruction (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.70-3.21) and is not NCI-designated (OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.78-2.69).Conclusion: There is an unexpectedly high proportion of CPM use in young rural women in Iowa. Travel ≥50 miles and rural residence are independently associated with likelihood of CPM. Disparities in access to specialty care may underlie the desire for surgery that is perceived to minimize follow-up visits.
Arene–Metal-Ion Contact: A Multicolor and Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensing Platform for Metal Ions
Authors: Kanegae Anna , Takata Yusuke , Takashima Ippei , Uchinomiya Shohei , Kawagoe Ryosuke , Usui Kazuteru , Wongkongkatep Jirarut , Sugimoto Manabu , Ojida Akio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Despite continuous active development of fluorescent probes for metal-ions, their molecular design for ratiometric detection is limited owing to a narrow choice of available sensing mechanisms. We present herein a dual-emission sensing platform for metal ions based on contact interaction between a coordinated metal ion and the aromatic ring of a fluorophore (i.e., arene–metal-ion contact). Our structure-based ligand design provided a new probe possessing BPTN as the metal ion binding unit, which was flexibly concatenated to a tricyclic fluorophore. This molecular architecture allowed us to fluorescently sense various metal ions such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Ag(I), and Hg(II) with the red-shifted emissions. This probe design was applicable to a series of tricyclic fluorophores, enabling ratiometric detection of the metal ions across the blue to near-infrared wavelength region. X-ray crystallography and theoretical computational calculation indicated that the coordinated metal ion has van der Waals contact with the fluorophore, which perturbs its electronic structure and ring conformation to induce the emission red-shift. A set of the arene–metal-ion contact probes was used for the differential sensing of eight metal ions in a one-pot single titration via PCA analysis. Furthermore, the probe was applicable to the ratio imaging of metal ions under live-cell conditions.