bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of torrefaction reaction temperature on the Elaeis Guineensis Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) pellet durability and calorific value
Authors: Ismail R I , Leng L Y , Makhtar N L , Rahman A A A , Dali J A A , Shaari A R , Yee K C , Mohamed A R , Jamalludin M R , Razak N A , Draman W N A W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) are not being fully utilized for energy production due to its high moisture content, low density, having bulky characteristics and low calorific value. In order to improve characteristic of Elaeis Guineensis empty fruit bunch as fuel, pre-treatment process is necessary to overcome these shortcomings. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the effect of torrefaction reaction temperature on the Elaeis Guineensis pellet energy characteristics. The observed pellet qualities include the pellet durability and calorific value of the pellet. The torrefaction of empty fruit bunch was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 200°C, 220°C, 240°C and 260°C. The torrefied sample was pelletized, analysed and tested to examine the characteristics of empty fruit bunch biomass as fuel. The pelletization process was carried out by using the cold single press pelletizer and using cassava starch as binder. At higher torrefaction temperature, the decomposition of cellulose and lignin become more prominent. At the torrefaction temperature 260°C, the gross calorific value is the highest due to the removal of moisture, release of volatile matter and the decomposition of biomass components such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin which resulted in energy densification. By comparing the torrefied empty fruit bunch at 260°C with the untorrefied empty fruit bunch, it was found that the torrefaction increased the energy densification and pellet qualities of empty fruit bunch that can be utilized as biomass energy sources in renewable energy.
Surface roughness analysis of NiTi alloy in electrical discharge coating process
Authors: Jamaluddin Roshalliza , Lih Tan Chye , Mansor Ahmad Fairuz , Azmi Azwan Iskandar , Hamidon Roshaliza 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) alloys, most widely known as nitinol, are presently employed in many micro-engineering applications such as coronary stents of medical implants due to their unique properties (shape memory effect and superelasticity). However, non-optimized surface finishing attributed a significantly high potential of nickel exposure after a long time of application. Releasing of nickel ion to the body environment can be harmful and toxicity resulting in adverse health as well as degrading the material biocompatibility. It is widely known that controlled surface roughness play a vital role in the formation of new bone ingrowths around implant. In this study, surface modification of NiTi alloy was used through electrical discharge coating (EDC); an adaptation of electrical discharge machining. The potential of EDC in which can facilitates the production of hard coatings may exploit the phenomena for the attachment of desirable materials onto the surface of materials. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present a robust method (two levels of full factorial design and ANOVA) to determine the desired parameters and significant factors based on the surface roughness of the machined surface. Manipulation of parameters set up such as gap voltage, discharge duration and pulse interval and the current were employed and a reverse polarity was selected for this experiment. The results demonstrated that the most significant factors influence the surface coating performances are the discharge duration, current, gap voltage as well as the interaction between gap voltage and discharge duration.
Effects of aging to the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete with addition of hooked steel fibers cured at ambient temperature
Authors: Faris M A , Abdullah M M A , Samad A A , Ramasamy S , Nawi M A M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The development of compressive and flexural strength versus aging time for steel fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete (SFRGC) cured at ambient temperature was studied. SFRGC is produced by mixing of Malaysian fly ash, alkali activator, aggragates, and hooked steel fibers. At the first stage, the addition of steel fibers in geopolymer concrete are by volume fraction which are 0 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, and 2.0 % and cured at room temperature for 28 days. The optimum addition of steel fibers will be selected for further investigation related to the mechanical properties versus aging days. Chemical composition of Malaysia fly ash shows this fly ash is classified as class F. Result indicates 1.0 % of steel fibers addition exhibit the best performance for both compressive and flexural strength. Aging days show an improvement to mechanical properties where the compressive and flexural strength increases as the aging day increased. These mechanical properties improvement is almost similar to the mechanical growth exhibited by OPC concrete.
Unsteady Hydromagnetic Flow and Radiation Heat Transfer Past a Stretching Surface Embedded in a Porous Medium with Dissipation Effects
Authors: Anne Susan S. , Anjali Devi S.P. , Nagarani S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a mathematical analysis on the effects of viscous dissipation over unsteady MHD flow and radiation heat transfer past a stretching surface subjected to suction embedded in a porous medium. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations of the problem are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations adopting suitable similarity transformations. The numerical solution is obtained by employing Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration method together with Fourth order Runge-kutta integration method. Numerical results for the dimensionless velocity and temperature distribution as well as for the local skin friction coefficient and nondimensional rate of heat transfer are obtained and displayed graphically for pertinent physical parameters.
Assessing the safety of express bus from passengers’ perspective
Authors: Azman A H , Abdullah S , Singh S S K , Yazid M R M , Ghopa W A W , Hisamuddin H , Shahrir A H , Ariffin A K , Wahab D A , Azhar A , Solah M S 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of express bus passengers’ perspective towards the safety and causes of express bus accidents. Express bus is an important mode of transport as it is cheap and has high connectivity between cities. However, the safety of express bus is a major concern in Malaysia. There have been many high-profile express bus accidents that have caused deaths to innocent victims. Therefore, it is important to study the safety of express bus and increase its safety. A survey with 880 respondents was conducted in Malaysia to study passengers’ perspective on the safety of express buses. The questionnaire is divided into seven sections: respondent background and demography, service, comfort, safety, information technology and safety education. The results are presented in a spider web diagram and shows the 12 most important factors that relate to express bus safety. In conclusion, this study helps to understand the perspective of express bus passengers on the safety of express bus and determine the important factors related to express bus safety and reduce the number of express bus accidents in Malaysia.
Microstructure and wear behaviour of aluminium surface composites fabricated using friction stir processing
Authors: Thangarasu A. , Boovendra Varma S. , Sudharsan S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, wear behavior of AA6082 matrix composite reinforced with titanium carbide particles (TiC) produced by friction stir processing was investigated. The main objective of this study is to compare the microstructure and wear behavior of Aluminium alloy 6082 with AA6082-TiC surface composites. FSP was carried out using a threaded pin tool with 1200 rpm tool rotational speed, whose processing speed of 60 mm/min and an axial load of 10 kN. The microstructure analysis exhibited that the fine grains and uniform distribution of TiC particles in friction stir processed AA6082 matrix with and without TiC particles, respectively. A pin on disc equipment was used to study the wear properties. It was observed that the wear resistance of the FSPed aluminium composites samples improved significantly as compared to that of the AA6082 matrix alloy. With this the effect of TiC particles on worn surface and wear debris is also reported in this study.
Vehicle’s energy efficiency via pilot work’s efficiency in Shell Eco-marathon competition
Authors: Gunev D , Iliev S , Mitev E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Shell Eco-marathon is a competition about energy efficiency and the first thing one have to do, is to design and build lightweight, aerodynamic vehicle with fine mechanical transmission and tires with low rolling resistance. Depending on power unit type, there is a need of perfect way of transforming chemical or electrical energy to mechanical one. In addition, almost every team develops their own driving strategy, applied by the pilot in the competition. Doing this, in the best way they can do, most competitors decide before-mentioned is the maximum, but if one can look to the vehicle plus the pilot like a system, there is more possibilities for improving the efficiency of that system. This paper includes analysis of vehicle control functions and specific organizational distribution and design of vehicle’s controls, in accordance with the capabilities of the pilot.
Study the impact of fuel and exhaust gas recirculation on HCCI combustion
Authors: Mihalkov Svetoslav , Punov Plamen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical study of fuel/fuel blends impact on rate of heat release at different exhaust gas recirculation rate in case of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion. A direct injection engine is used for simulation which also allows mixture preparation in intake manifold leading to premixed combustion. The numerical analysis was conducted by means of an engine model developed in advanced simulation software AVL Boost. The combustion model is based on skeletal reaction mechanism of C7H16(n-heptane) that uses 26 species and 66 reactions. Additionally, to the main fuel, methane and hydrogen was added. Thus, the influence of fuel blends was evaluated at EGR rate within the range of 0% to 40%.
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Automatic Skin Cancer Classification System
Authors: Fu’adah Yunendah Nur , Pratiwi NK Caecar , Pramudito Muhammad Adnan , Ibrahim Nur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that grows in the skin tissue, which can cause damage to the surrounding tissue, disability, and even death. In Indonesia, skin cancer is the third leading for most cancer cases after cervical and breast cancer. The accuracy of diagnosis and the early proper treatment can minimize and control the harmful effects of skin cancer. Due to the similar shape of the lesion between skin cancer and benign tumor lesions, physicians consuming much more time in diagnosing these lesions. The system was developed in this study could identify skin cancer and benign tumor lesions automatically using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The proposed model consists of three hidden layers with an output channel of 16,32, and 64 for each layer respectively. The proposed model uses several optimizers such as SGD, RMSprop, Adam, and Nadam with a learning rate of 0.001. Adam optimizer provides the best performance with an accuracy value of 99% in identifying the skin lesions from the ISIC dataset into 4 classes, namely dermatofibroma, nevus pigmentosus, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. The results obtained outperform the performance of the existing skin cancer classification system.
Electricity Power Needs Evaluation in Kulonprogo Post Developing the Yogyakarta International Airport
Authors: Rusmana Iyus , Dulhadi  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The planned construction of the Kulonprogo district’s strategic zone, which began in 2013, this Regency will certainly experience a large development, so for that, it needs to be accompanied by adequate electricity preparation. Based on the real conditions, the speed of construction is experiencing some obstacles, so there is only phase 1 of NYIA airport has been completed by 2020, while for the Steel Industry Center construction, Iron Sand Processing, Adikarto Port, there are also have many obstacles. This also affected the domestic and non-domestic residents’ activities, especially in terms of economic progress in the district. This study intended to evaluate the preparation of electricity power so its preparation is expected to be more efficient. From the results of this study at the end of 2032, at least 626 MVA of electricity power needs to be prepared to support an estimated peak load of 438 MVA. This research was conducted quantitatively and aimed for giving some references to be used by PT PLN (Persero) in reviewing Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL).
Hotspot Detection Method in Large Capacity Photovoltaic (PV) Farm
Authors: Pramana P A A , Dalimi R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The obligation to use low carbon emissions power plants encourages the increased utilization of renewable energy generation. Among the whole renewable energy plants, photovoltaic (PV) is a modular plant that is easy to implement, which the utilization reaches 100GW in the year 2017. By the increasing use of PV globally, the health of PV modules needs to be a concern because, during the operation, PV modules can experience various faults. Almost 50% of the overall fault is the hotspot which is very hard to detect on a wide area PV farm. For example, a 30 MW PV generation with an area of 60 hectares and composed of 126000 modules (consists of millions of cell), the existing hotspot detection methods takes up to 210 days. The long time and not continuous detection lets the hotspot to degrade and burn the modules. To prevent catastrophic failure due to hotspot, a detection method that can detect the fault quickly is needed. The proposed method, thermal imaging using a fish-eye lens could be used in this case as it has a very wide angle of view, which allows monitoring all of the PV modules in one detection period.
Load-carrying capacity and failure mode of composite steel-concrete truss element under monotonic loading
Authors: Wariyatno Nanang Gunawan , Haryanto Yanuar , Han Ay Lie , Gan Buntara Sthenly , Sudibyo Gathot Heri 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Composite steel-concrete trusses are among the most economical systems for building, particularly for greater spans, allowing proper internal space utilization without limiting columns. This paper examines 12 lab tests on two types of composite steel-concrete truss elements compared with the conventional steel truss element as a control specimen. The experiments investigate the load-carrying capacity of the truss element with different configurations under monotonic loading. The study on the specimen’s failure modes was based on the welded joints. The obtained results were compared with analytical evaluations of typical resisting mechanisms of steel-concrete composite, reinforced concrete, and steel structures with updated Indonesian design codes. The basic features of the steel-concrete truss elements discussed quantitatively and qualitatively.
Potential tsunami hazard in Ujung Kulon National Park
Authors: Widiyanto Wahyu , Hsiao Shih-Chun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP) is a natural world heritage site located at the western tip of Java Island and on the edge of the Indian Ocean. This area of 122,956 ha has the potential for tsunami hazard originating from Mount Anak Krakatau and the Sunda Arc subduction zone. Almost no residents live in the UKNP region, however, it is the only place on earth that remains a habitat for the Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sundaicus) whose population is less than 100. This study aims to discuss the potential for tsunami hazards in UKNP originating from the earthquakes in Indian Ocean. The shallow water equation model was used to simulate the generation and propagation of tsunami waves. A total of 50 numerical gauges with intervals of 4 km were used as assessment points placed along the 190 km coastline of UKNP. From the simulation it can be seen that the height of the tsunami reaches 12.9 m around the coast of UKNP causes this area is vulnerable to tsunami hazards. This information can be used as consideration for the management of the UKNP area so that it can continue to preserve flora and fauna, especially to avoid the extinction of the Javan rhino.
The Control Of Geological Structure At Songgo River Dyke Intrusion In Nanggulan Formation, Western Part Of Yogyakarta-Central Java
Authors: Widagdo Asmoro , Setijadi Rachmad , Purwasatriya Eko Bayu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study to explain the presence of intrusive rocks in Naggulan Formation was carried out with a series of geological research methods. The method used in this research is through reference studies from previous research, observing the image of the study area and its surroundings, direct observation of Paleogenic rock bodies, and measurement of fault structures, joints, and folds in the field. Measurement of the elements of geological structure is used to determine the main structure and stress forming structure in Nanggulan Formation rock which is of Paleogene age and surrounding rocks which are Neogene age. The igneous rocks found in the study area is a dyke that cut the sedimentary rock layers of Nanggulan Formation. Dyke igneous rock distribution in the study area forms a northwest-southeast (NW-SE) direction. The distribution of igneous rocks is controlled by geological structures with the main stress direction of northwest-southeast which creates extensional vertical fractures in the direction of the main compressional stress source.
Gravity Modelling And Second Vertical Derivative Calculation To Analysis Subsurface Structure At Wayratai Geothermal Prospect Area, Lampung
Authors: Taufiq  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wayratai Geothermal Prospect Area, Lampung is near a cluster of Mount Ratai with geological condition in the form of young volcanic sediment such as lava, breccias, and tuff obtained from the eruption of Mount Ratai. To determine geothermal potential in Wayratai area, we needed some preliminary surveys such as geological, geochemistry, and geophysical survey. Based on geological mapping, we obtained several point of manifestations such as 5 hotspring points (with a temperature 86-90°C), mudpool, steaming ground, and alterated rock. Afterthat, performed with a geophysical survey using the gravity method to determine subsurface structure and describe the initial conditions of the geothermal system. Gravity method is used because this method is sensitive to analyze the vertical changes, and can describe the subsurface conditions based on density variation of rock. Based on data acquisition and literature studies performed on Wayratai geothermal prospects area, obtained 2D and 3D subsurface model based on density variations. From the model, obtained area with a density value 2.3-2.6 gr/cm3 and depth from 400 to 2000 m were assumed to be a reservoir zone. Then, the area with a density value 2.8-3.2 gr/cm3 and depth from 2000-2500 m assumed to be a heat source. With these density, we can assume that the rock in reservoir area is calcareous-breccia and in the heat source is an andesitic-basaltic rocks. Based on the analysis of second vertical derivative calculation, obtained value of SVD maximum is greater than SVD minimum which indicated that the area is a basin structure or normal fault, and its strenghtening of the assumption that the modelling of the geothermal reservoir is graben form.
Feasibility Study of Determination a New Distribution Warehouse Location Using P-Median and Analytical Network Process Methods in One of the Cement Industries
Authors: Ramadhanti Nadya Saniyya , Ridwan Ari Yanuar , Pambudi Hardian Kokoh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This research was carried out at one of the companies engaged in the cement industry, which distributed its products throughout Indonesia. However, based on audit results for the Central Java region, there are still a number of minor and major statuses in warehouse management perspectives and the percentage of warehousing cost components to the total distribution costs that exceed the maximum limit set at the warehouses rented from the distributor. Therefore, it’s necessary to determine a new distribution warehouse location owned by the company by considering qualitative and quantitative aspects, then stop the operation of a rented warehouse from a distributor because of the high subsidy costs. The method used in this research is investment feasibility analysis using Net Present Value and Benefit Cost Ratio calculations, determining optimal locations using the P-Median method, and determining location based on multi-criteria using the Analytical Network Process method. The results showed that the location with the highest weight based on multi-criteria decision making and declared feasible based on investment feasibility analysis was located in Cilacap Regency with the optimal location in North Cilacap District. If this decision is carried out, the company can reduce the total distribution costs that must be incurred by the company.
The Contributions of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: Indonesia Case
Authors: Wahyudi Sumari Arwin Datumaya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) have been adopted by all United Nations Member states in 2015. There are 17 Global Goals where one goal to another is interrelated and they have to go hand-in-hand. The essential of the goals is to increase the people’s quality of life all over the world. Every country has been pacing to achieve all goals by conscripting all national resources as well as all capabilities and masteries of the technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). To achieve SDG’s goals, there has to be a guidance that guide all resources to have the same perspective and mind-set to what should have to be carried out not only in the short time but also in the medium and the long one. AI is believed can deliver solutions to most of Global Goals such as food security including life below water, water security, and energy security, increase the quality of health service, support the establishment of smart nation, and the most of them is AI has become a leveraging factor of a country’s economy. Therefore, many countries have determined the action in utilizing AI for the good to their country and people by developing AI national strategy. In this paper, Indonesian initiative in form of a National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence will be delivered in a concise manner. The deliverables include four focus areas as the basis for AI ecosystem as well as the priorities of the AI usage for supporting Indonesia to achieve its national interests as well as the world goals through SDGs. We also deliver Indonesia’s innovation in utilizing AI technology to cope with global pandemic which one of the technologies used is an Indonesian-original AI technology called Knowledge Growing System (KGS).
Overview of Polylactic acid and its derivatives in medicinal applications
Authors: Senthamaraikannan C , Akash K , Amanullah S , Barath M , Manojkumar R , Jagadeeshwaran J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Biopolymers are most commonly used in many medical applications nowadays. Polylactic acid is widely used for many biological applications due to its biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic properties. In this review, Polylactic acid usage in medical applications like tissue engineering, fracture repairs, orthopedic, drug delivery carriers, antimicrobial agents, stents is considered. The current medical field scenario briefly reviewed to assess Polylactic acid’s potential usage and its derivatives in biomedical applications.