bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological measurement of emotion from infancy to preschool: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sacrey Lori‐Ann R. , Raza Sarah , Armstrong Vickie , Brian Jessica A. , Kushki Azadeh , Smith Isabel M. , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmotion regulation, the ability to regulate emotional responses to environmental stimuli, develops in the first years of life and plays an important role in the development of personality, social competence, and behavior. Substantial literature suggests a relationship between emotion regulation and cardiac physiology; specifically, heart rate changes in response to positive or negative emotion‐eliciting stimuli.MethodThis systematic review and meta‐analysis provide an in‐depth examination of research that has measured physiological responding during emotional‐evoking tasks in children from birth to 4 years of age.ResultsThe review had three main findings. First, meta‐regressions resulted in an age‐related decrease in baseline and task‐related heart rate (HR) and increases in baseline and task‐related respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Second, meta‐analyses suggest task‐related increases in HR and decreases in RSA and heart rate variability (HRV), regardless of emotional valence of the task. Third, associations between physiological responding and observed behavioral regulation are not consistently present in children aged 4 and younger. The review also provides a summary of the various methodology used to measure physiological reactions to emotional‐evoking tasks, including number of sensors used and placement, various baseline and emotional‐evoking tasks used, methods for extracting RSA, as well as percentage of loss and reasons for loss for each study.ConclusionCharacterizing the physiological reactivity of typically developing children is important to understanding the role emotional regulation plays in typical and atypical development.
Comparative study of degradation between the carbon black back coat layer and magnetic layer in magnetic audio tapes using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning techniques
Authors: Ratnasena Nilmini H. , Abraham Alyssa M. , Morgan Stephen L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMost magnetic audio tapes in the industry were initially made with only two layers, the base film with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the binder layer with polyester polyurethane (PEU). The binder layer seems to undergo degradation from hydrolysis, causing the condition “sticky shed syndrome (SSS).” Hydrolysis is a reversible reaction where atmospheric moisture reacts with weak ester bonds to form degradation products, alcohols, and carboxylic acids, which produce sticky materials, hindering the playability of tapes. Later, another layer called “back coat” was introduced to magnetic audio tapes. This layer consists of carbon black embedded in PEU or polyether polyurethane. Carbon black particles in this layer absorb water, facilitate high‐speed tape winding, and remove static electricity charges. However, due to the ability to absorb water, hydrolysis can occur in the back coat layer as well. For this reason, there is a study claiming that the back coat is responsible for the degradation of magnetic audio tapes, and by removing it, SSS can be overcome. To test the validity of the above claim, this study uses attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT‐IR) with multivariate statistics to determine the degradation of the back coat layer and compare the results with the magnetic layer of the same tape identities. Results obtained show poor predictability in the back coat test set when compared with the results collected from the magnetic side, which indicates that to determine the playability status of this specific magnetic audio tape collection, the preferred side to obtain spectra is the magnetic layer.
Simulation of sour‐oxic‐nitrite chemical environment in oil and gas facilities
Authors: Ibrahim Abdulhaqq , Hawboldt Kelly , Bottaro Christina , Khan Faisal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe nature of the chemical environment in oil and gas fluids such as produced water (PW) and soured oil or low‐oxygen environments plays a vital role in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). H2S and/or other forms of sulphur species in soured oils and PW are key factors in the corrosion and growth of microorganisms. To mitigate reservoir souring and subsequent corrosion, nitrate is injected to displace sulphate‐reducing bacteria with nitrate reducers. However, nitrates and the associated nitrogen species (eg, nitrite) impact the chemistry and microbial activity, and hence the corrosion potential in the system. This study investigates the PW chemical environment in light of sulphide and nitrite chemistry, and provides information towards understanding the chemical transformations and microbial relationships. The sulphide‐nitrite environment was studied as a function of temperature, pressure, nitrite level, oxygen‐using equilibrium, and kinetic model approaches. Equilibrium simulation predicted the formation of FeS, FeO(OH), and Fe2O3 as the key corrosion products, the amount of which varied depending on the chemistry and operating conditions. In experiments where nitrite was very low or absent, S0 was favoured over as the inlet H2S concentration increased and FeS dominated with an increase in temperature. In the presence of nitrite, Fe2O3 was formed instead of FeO(OH) at temperatures above 50°C. The trend of the kinetic simulation of the sulphide‐oxygen reaction in seawater was in good agreement with the wet‐lab experiment in PW. The models can serve as tools to better understand and describe the chemical environment in PW systems.
Conceptual and Computational DFT‐based In Silico Fragmentation Method for the Identification of Metabolite Mass Spectra
Authors: Cauët Emilie , Vanhaegenborgh Yannick J. , De Proft Frank , Geerlings Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetabolomics is recognized as a crucial scientific domain, promising to advance our understanding of cell biology, physiology and medicine. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has strong potential to elucidate the metabolites in complex biological samples and to become a standard tool complementing established techniques. However, despite its potential for answering many key questions, a major challenge in the use of tandem mass spectrometry for characterizing metabolites lies in a lack of computational tools for accurate annotation and structure identification allowing us to turn complex data into molecular knowledge. Chemo‐informatics and related machine‐learning in silico fragmentation tools have already been established and used for different classes of metabolites. For the classes of metabolites where existing chemo‐informatics approaches produce insufficiently accurate predictions a supervised machine learning based strategy can be used to predict possible molecular structures from “unassigned” experimental tandem MS data. Here, we propose a new innovative in silico approach employing quantum mechanical (QM) methods in order to predict ion formation and subsequent fragmentation patterns of arbitrary small molecules and validate putative annotations of tandem mass spectrometry (MS) data. The focus is on the evaluation of a new conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) nuclear reactivity descriptor of the nuclear Fukui function type, that characterizes the forces that the atomic nuclei experience due to proton attachment and captures the onset of the change in the nuclear positions induced by it. A series of test compounds for which high quality experimental data exist and that were investigated before in a more approximate theoretical framework have been examined. The output of these calculations provides a list of the most probable molecular structures predicted to match the experimental tandem MS spectrum (“de novo metabolite identification”).
Design and analysis of efficient neural intrusion detection for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Batiha Tarek , Krömer Pavel 
Published: December 2020

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are important building blocks of the communication infrastructure in smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, Industry, Energy, and Agriculture 4.0, the Internet of Things, and other areas quickly adopting the concepts of fog and edge computing. Their cybernetic security is a major issue and efficient methods to improve their safety and reliability are required. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are complex systems that discover cybernetic attacks, detect malicious network traffic, and, in general, protect computer systems. Artificial neural networks are used by a variety of advanced intrusion detection systems with outstanding results. Their successful use in the specific conditions of WSNs requires efficient learning, adaptation, and inference. In this work, the acceleration of a neural intrusion detection model, developed specifically for wireless sensor networks, is proposed and studied, especially from the learning and classification accuracy and energy consumption points of view.
Antibacterial Performance of a Gold‐Loaded g‐C3N4 Nanocomposite System in Visible Light‐Dark Dual Mode
Authors: Zhang Hongda , Zhang Xin , Zhu Minghang , Li Haiyan , Zhao Yan , Han Xuerong , Jin Lihong , Shan Haixia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSemiconductor photocatalysis technology, which can kill pathogenic microorganisms in a green and broad‐spectrum way, is a new research field with great application potential. Due to the dependence on light, semiconductor materials have the problems of low utilization rate of sunlight and inactivation under dark conditions. A simple Au‐loaded g‐C3N4 (Au/g‐C3N4) nanocomposites was studied. Under dark conditions, the antibacterial efficiency of 1.2 % Au/g‐C3N4 reached 99.1 % relative to 105 CFU (Colony‐FormingUnits)/mL E. coli. Under light conditions, the antibacterial efficiency of 0.9 % Au/g‐C3N4 reached 94.1 % relative to 107 CFU/mL E. coli. The influence of contact time, Au loading and bacterial concentration on its antibacterial performance under dark conditions was discussed in detail. Through photoelectrochemistry, SEM, TEM and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection the microscopic charge behaviour was revealed in the system, and a light‐dark dual‐mode antibacterial mechanism was proposed.
Ultrafine Copper Oxide Particles Dispersed on Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Carbon Nanospheres for Oxidative Esterification of Biomass‐Derived 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Gupta Shyam Sunder R. , Vinu Ajayan , Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of furan‐2,5‐dimethylcarboxylate (FDMC) from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is highly demanding for the commercial production of polyethylene furanoate (PEF). Herein, a direct synthesis of FDMC is reported from oxidative esterification of HMF using ultrafine CuO particles dispersed on nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon nanospheres (CuO/N−C−HNSs) as a catalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidizing and methylating reagent. The CuO/N−C−HNSs was prepared through a template protection‐sacrifice strategy using SiO2 as a sacrificial template and histidine as the precursor for N and C. N‐doping facilitated a strong interaction between the support and copper species, affording formation of CuO nanoparticles of less than 10 nm in size. By virtue of the highly dispersed CuO nanoparticles and a high BET surface area 373 m2/g, the CuO/N−C−HNSsshows excellent catalytic performance in the selective conversion of HMF into FDMC affording 93 % yield of the desired product with a TON value of 49. Furthermore, the oxidative esterification involving SP3C−H bond functionalization is also demonstrated using the same catalyst.
Sperm‐Binding Assay Using an In Vitro 3D Model of the Mammalian Cumulus‐Oocyte Complex
Authors: Hamze Julieta Gabriela , Jiménez‐Movilla María , Romar Raquel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe have recently described a new model to study gamete interaction in mammalian species. The model recreates the spherical surface of the oocyte by using magnetic Sepharose beads coated with a layer of a recombinant protein involved in gamete interaction (such as ZP2, or the IZUMO1 receptor JUNO) and an external layer of cumulus oophorus cells, thus mimicking, to some extent, a native cumulus‐oocyte complex. Once generated, this 3D model can be used in a sperm‐binding assay to obtain valuable information about the molecular basis of gamete interaction, since different recombinant proteins can be used to coat the bead surface, thus generating a variety of models to be used for several species. Furthermore, thanks to the ability of the model to decoy sperm, the physiological status of the bound sperm can be studied, making this a powerful tool to select sperm with high fertilizing capacity, to unmask subfertile animals in livestock breeding centers, or for toxicological studies. Here, we describe how to generate and use this model for sperm‐binding assays, using porcine sperm as an example, and ZP2, a protein from zona pellucida, as the recombinant protein of interest. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Generation of the in vitro 3D modelAlternate Protocol 1: Binding cumulus oophorus cells to the modelBasic Protocol 2: Quality control of the model by SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis and western blotSupport Protocol 1: Immunochemistry to confirm proper protein distribution on surface of beadsSupport Protocol 2: Elution of recombinant conjugated proteinsBasic Protocol 3: Sperm‐binding assayAlternate Protocol 2: Sperm preparation by the swim‐up method
Identification of QTL for fasciated ear related traits in maize
Authors: Mei Xiupeng , Dong Erfei , Liang Qingyuan , Bai Yang , Nan Jin , Yang Yang , Cai Yilin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEar shape of maize (Zea mays L.) is related to ear perimeter, kernel row number, and then kernel yield. To study the inheritance of fasciated ear and the relationship between ear flatness and other ear traits is of great importance in improving ear shape and then increasing yield of maize. In this study, the fasciated ear inbred line Yi16 and normal ear inbred line B73 were used to construct F2 and F2:3 populations to study the correlations between ear flatness and other ear traits, and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) of fasciated ear‐related traits in two environments. The results showed that ear flatness was positively correlated with cob flatness, ear perimeter, cob perimeter, and kernel row number and negatively correlated with ear length. The broad‐sense heritabilities of ear flatness and cob flatness were 59.01 and 67.38%, respectively. A total of 50 QTL were detected. Three QTL (qCF1, qCF4, and qKRN4a) were detected in all generations and environments, and five QTL (qEF4, qCF7, qCP2, qCP4, and qHKW7) were detected in two generations or two environments. The consistent QTL qEF4, qCF4, and qKRN4a were located in the common region of umc1940–umc1631 (bins 4.09) within a distance of 2.4 cM, explaining >10% of phenotypic variation except qKRN4a in F2. The five pairs of QTL (qEF3‐HC × qEF4‐HC, qCF1‐BB × qCF4‐BB, qCF1‐BB × qCF7‐BB, qKRN1a‐BB × qKRN4a‐BB, and qHKW3‐HC × qHKW7‐HC) were detected to have epistatic effects, contributing 7.31–13.95% of phenotypic variance.
Design of quantum‐dot cellular automata‐based communication system using modular N‐bit binary to gray and gray to binary converters
Authors: Ahmed Suhaib , Naz Syed Farah , Sharma Sparsh , Ko Seok‐Bum 
Published: December 2020

SummaryIn the current digital era, there is a need of secure and efficient nano communication systems with ultra‐low power consumption. One technology that can be used for designing these systems is quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA). In the nano regime, QCA is able to operate with higher speed and lower power dissipation along with high density compared to CMOS technology. This work explores the applicability and feasibility of designing nano communication systems using code converters. In this paper, efficient 4‐bit, 8‐bit, and 16‐bit designs of binary to gray (B2G) and gray to binary (G2B) converters which can be scaled up to N‐bits are proposed. The N‐bit B2G and G2B converters can be designed using 33 + 38 (0.25N − 1) and 63 + 76 (0.25N − 1) cells with a latency of 0.5 and 0.25N clock cycles, respectively. The converters are then used to design 4‐bit, 8‐bit, 16‐bit, and 32‐bit communication systems for efficient data transmission and reception. Based on the performance comparison, it is observed that the proposed B2G and G2B designs achieve up to 90.03% and 99.64% improvement in terms of cost of the circuit thereby making them most cost efficient QCA designs. In addition to this, exhaustive energy dissipation analysis of the proposed designs is also presented. It is observed that the proposed designs can be efficiently utilized in designing nano communication systems requiring minimal area and ultra‐low power consumption.
Effects of postfire climate and seed availability on postfire conifer regeneration
Authors: Stewart Joseph A. E. , van Mantgem Phillip J. , Young Derek J. N. , Shive Kristen L. , Preisler Haiganoush K. , Das Adrian J. , Stephenson Nathan L. , Keeley Jon E. , Safford Hugh D. , Wright Micah C. , Welch Kevin R. , Thorne James H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLarge, severe fires are becoming more frequent in many forest types across the western United States and have resulted in tree mortality across tens of thousands of hectares. Conifer regeneration in these areas is limited because seeds must travel long distances to reach the interior of large burned patches and establishment is jeopardized by increasingly hot and dry conditions. To better inform postfire management in low elevation forests of California, USA, we collected 5‐yr postfire recovery data from 1,234 study plots in 19 wildfires that burned from 2004–2012 and 18 yrs of seed production data from 216 seed fall traps (1999–2017). We used these data in conjunction with spatially extensive climate, topography, forest composition, and burn severity surfaces to construct taxon‐specific, spatially explicit models of conifer regeneration that incorporate climate conditions and seed availability during postfire recovery windows. We found that after accounting for other predictors both postfire and historical precipitation were strong predictors of regeneration, suggesting that both direct effects of postfire moisture conditions and biological inertia from historical climate may play a role in regeneration. Alternatively, postfire regeneration may simply be driven by postfire climate and apparent relationships with historical climate could be spurious. The estimated sensitivity of regeneration to postfire seed availability was strongest in firs and all conifers combined and weaker in pines. Seed production exhibited high temporal variability with seed production varying by over two orders of magnitude among years. Our models indicate that during droughts postfire conifer regeneration declines most substantially in low‐to‐moderate elevation forests. These findings enhance our mechanistic understanding of forecasted and historically documented shifts in the distribution of trees.
Eating disorders genetics in Asia
Authors: Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA complete understanding of the genetic architecture of eating disorders requires adequately large sample sizes from individuals of all ancestries. Failure to include representative samples truncates understanding and may even exacerbate health disparities. Several countries in Asia have made rich contributions in psychiatric genetics; however, the eating disorders field requires concerted global efforts to increase representation from Asian ancestry populations to ensure that our global efforts accurately reflect the true distribution of eating disorders around the world and across ancestries.
Sex and tissue‐specific evolution of developmental plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Sarikaya Didem P. , Rickelton Katherine , Cridland Julie M. , Hatmaker Ryan , Sheehy Hayley K. , Davis Sophia , Khan Nossin , Kochummen Ashley , Begun David J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDevelopmental plasticity influences the size of adult tissues in insects. Tissues can have unique responses to environmental perturbation during development; however, the prevalence of within species evolution of tissue‐specific developmental plasticity remains unclear. To address this, we studied the effects of temperature and nutrition on wing and femur size in D. melanogaster populations from a temperate and tropical region. Wings were more sensitive to temperature, while wings and femurs were equally responsive to nutrition in both populations and sexes. The temperate population was larger under all conditions, except for femurs of starved females. In line with this, we observed greater femur size plasticity in response to starvation in temperate females, leading to differences in sexual dimorphism between populations such that the slope of the reaction norm of sexual dimorphism in the tropical population was double that of the temperate population. Lastly, we observed a significant trend for steeper slopes of reaction norms in temperate than in tropical females, but not in males. These findings highlight that plasticity divergence between populations can evolve heterogeneously across sexes and tissues and that nutritional plasticity can alter sexual dimorphism in D. melanogaster.
Detection of amine gases by inverse opal photonic crystals infiltrated with precursor HPQ‐Ac of aggregation‐induced emission luminogen
Authors: Murakami Hiroaki , Sawada Mana , Kimura Taiki , Takahara Toshiki , Onodera Takeshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, to detect amine gases such as ammonia, a kind of biological gas, with high sensitivity, we fabricated a device that combines an inverse opal photonic crystal (IOPC) and 2‐(4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolin‐2‐yl)phenyl acetate (HPQ‐Ac), a precursor of the aggregation‐induced emission luminogen. IOPC silica structures (200IOPC, 350IOPC, 500IOPC) with SiO2 were respectively obtained after calcination with 200, 350, and 500 nm polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles used as templates and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) formed by self‐assembly on a slide glass. Furthermore, mesopore‐introduced IOPC (50 nm‐350IOPC) was prepared by mixing 350 and 50 nm PS particles in TEOS solution. Each IOPC was infiltrated with HPQ‐Ac, reacted with ammonia, and the rate of change in emission intensity owing to fluorescence was examined. The highest response was obtained for 350IOPC infiltrated with HPQ‐Ac among the three IOPCs without mesopores. The 50 nm‐350IOPC had higher sensitivity than 350IOPC and was found to be able to detect 50 ppb ammonia gas.