bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical biogeography identifies a possible role of Miocene wetlands in the diversification of the Amazonian rocket frogs (Aromobatidae: Allobates)
Authors: Réjaud Alexandre , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Crawford Andrew J. , Castroviejo‐Fisher Santiago , Jaramillo Andrés F. , Chaparro Juan C. , Glaw Frank , Gagliardi‐Urrutia Giussepe , Moravec Jiří , De la Riva Ignacio J. , Perez Pedro , Lima Albertina P. , Werneck Fernanda P. , Hrbek Tomas , Ron Santiago R. , Ernst Raffael , Kok Philippe J. R. , Driskell Amy , Chave Jérôme , Fouquet Antoine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimWe investigate the spatiotemporal context of the diversification of Allobates, a widespread genus of Amazonian frogs with high species diversity particularly in western Amazonia. We tested if that diversity originated in situ or through repeated dispersals from other Amazonian areas and if this diversification took place during or after the Pebas system, a vast lacustrine system occupying most western Amazonia between 23 and 10 million years ago (Mya).LocationAmazonia.TaxonAllobates (Anura: Aromobatidae).MethodsWe gathered a spatially and taxonomically extensive sampling of mitochondrial DNA sequences from 932 Allobates specimens to delimit Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Complete mitogenomes of these OTUs were assembled to reconstruct a time‐calibrated phylogeny used to infer the historical and spatial origin of the Amazonian Allobates lineages.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses and ancestral area reconstruction suggested that most of the western Amazonian lineages resulted from in situ diversification and that these events occurred between the inferred origin of the genus (25 Mya) and 10 Mya, with a possible peak between 14 and 10 Mya. Dispersal among areas mostly occurred from western Amazonia towards the Brazilian and the Guiana Shields. Closely related Allobates OTUs display an allopatric pattern of distribution, matching interfluves delimited by modern Amazonian rivers.Main ConclusionsIn western Amazonia, diversification of Allobates appears to have been simultaneous with the last stages of the Pebas system (14–10 Mya). Subsequently (within the last 10 Mya), modern Amazonian river courses shaped the distribution pattern of Allobates species and possibly promoted allopatric speciation.
Heterogeneity of treatment effect in SPRINT by age and baseline comorbidities: The greatest impact of intensive blood pressure treatment is observed among younger patients without CKD or CVD and in older patients with CKD or CVD
Authors: Rostomian Ara H. , Tang Maxine C. , Soverow Jonathan , Sanchez Daniel R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), a large randomized controlled trial funded by the National Institutes of Health, randomized 9361 patients with hypertension over 50 years of age and at least one cardiovascular risk factor to intensive (SBP < 120 mm Hg) or standard (SBP < 140 mm Hg) blood pressure treatment. The trial found a significant reduction in primary cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in the intensive treatment group. We performed an IRB‐approved post hoc analysis of the SPRINT trial data, recently made available through the NEJM SPRINT Data Analysis Challenge. Our subgroup analysis stratified subjects by age (≥75 years vs. <75 years) and presence or absence of pre‐existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or cardiovascular disease (CVD). We found that intensive blood pressure control was associated with a significantly lower rate of the primary CVD outcome and all‐cause mortality in subjects age <75 years with no prior CVD or CKD and in subjects age ≥75 years with pre‐existing CVD or CKD.
Associations of the systolic and diastolic components of orthostatic hypotension with markers of cardiovascular risk in older men: A cross‐sectional analysis from The British Regional Heart Study
Authors: Gilani Artaza , Ramsay Sheena E. , Juraschek Stephen P. , Papacosta Olia , Lennon Lucy T. , Whincup Peter H. , Wannamethee Sasiwarang Goya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying the association between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and cardiovascular disease are unclear. We investigated whether OH is associated with circulating cardiovascular risk markers. This was a cross‐sectional analysis of 3857 older, community‐dwelling men. “Consensus OH” was defined as a sitting‐to‐standing decrease in systolic blood pressure ≥20 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥10 mm Hg that occurred within three minutes of standing. Multiple generalized linear regression and logistic models were used to examine the association between cardiovascular risk markers and OH. Consensus OH was present in 20.2%, consisting of isolated systolic OH in 12.6%, isolated diastolic OH in 4.6%, and combined systolic and diastolic OH in 3.0%. Concentration of von Willebrand factor, a marker of endothelial dysfunction, was positively associated with isolated systolic OH (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.05‐1.73) and combined systolic and diastolic OH (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.35‐3.83); high circulating phosphate concentration, which may reflect vascular calcification, was associated with isolated diastolic OH (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.04‐2.25) and combined systolic and diastolic OH (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.31‐3.44), high‐sensitivity troponin T, a marker of myocardial injury, was positively associated with isolated diastolic OH (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.07‐2.65) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, a marker of cardiac stress, was positively associated with combined systolic and diastolic OH (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.14‐4.03). In conclusion, OH is associated with some cardiovascular risk markers implicated in endothelial dysfunction, vascular calcification, myocardial injury, and cardiac stress. Clinicians should consider assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with OH.
Encephalon gross morphology of the cichlid Geophagus sveni (Cichlidae: Geophagini): Comparative description and ecological perspectives
Authors: de Oliveira Rianne Caroline , da Graça Weferson Júnio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe encephalon gross morphology of Geophagus sveni is described, compared between male and female specimens and discussed in relation to evolutionary, ecological and behavioural aspects. The Student's t‐test revealed that there are no sexual dimorphism regarding the volume or linear measurements obtained from the main encephalon subdivisions (telencephalon, tectum mesencephali, cerebellum, gustative lobes, hypothalamus and hypophysis) in proportion to encephalon length, which is congruent with the absence of external dimorphic characters and presence of biparental care behaviour. In all specimens examined, the tectum mesencephali is the largest structure of the encephalon, which may be explained by feeding habit and by the importance of the vision center in a social context (i.e., brood guarding and territory defence, which are common behaviours in cichlids). Also, the lobus vagi is more developed than usual for other teleosts, which may be explained by the presence, in G. sveni as well as in other Geophagini species, of a differentiated pharyngeal apparatus, probably an adaptation to winnowing, a specialized feeding habit. The little intraspecific variation in neuroanatomical characters observed herein indicates a possible source of morphological characters to be explored in cichlid phylogeny.
Acid treatment of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) scales prior to analysis has negligible effects on δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios
Authors: O'Toole Christina , Weigum Emily , Graham Conor T. , White Philip , Samways Kurt , Hayden Brian , Brophy Deirdre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is debate in the literature as to whether scales of fishes require acidification to remove inorganic carbonates prior to stable isotope analysis. Acid‐treated and untreated scales from 208 Atlantic salmon from nine locations on both sides of the Atlantic were analysed for δ13C and δ15N. Linear mixed‐effect models determined the effect of acid treatment to be statistically significant. However, the mean difference was small (δ13C 0.1 ± 0.2‰, δ15N −0.1 ± 0.2‰) and not of biological relevance. This study concludes that Atlantic salmon scales do not need to be acidified prior to stable isotope analysis.
EBSD‐based criteria for coesite‐quartz transformation
Authors: Bidgood Anna K. , Parsons Andrew J. , Lloyd Geoffrey E. , Waters Dave J. , Goddard Rellie M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUltra high pressure (UHP) metamorphism observed in continental terranes implies that continental crust can subduct to ~40 kbar before exhuming to the surface. This process is one of the least understood and widely debated parts of the orogenic cycle. The dominantly felsic composition of UHP continental terranes means that many petrology‐based techniques for determining peak pressures and temperatures are often not possible. In such cases, the detection of UHP conditions depends on the preservation of coesite, a rarely preserved mineral in exhumed UHP terranes as it rapidly transforms to quartz on decompression. Consequently, the qualitative identification of palisade quartz microstructures that form during the retrograde transformation of coesite to quartz is often used to identify UHP terranes. In this study, we conduct electron backscatter diffraction and misorientation analysis of palisade quartz inclusions in the coesite‐bearing pyrope quartzite from the Dora Maira massif in the Alps, and matrix‐scale palisade quartz in the Polokongka La granite from Tso Morari in the Ladakh Himalaya, in order to quantitatively define crystallographic characteristics of quartz after coesite. The repeatability of our observations in two unrelated occurrences of UHP rocks supports our interpretation that the following features provide a systematic and predictable set of criteria to identify the coesite to quartz transition: (1) Quartz crystallographic orientations define spatially and texturally distinct subdomains of palisade quartz grains with ‘single crystal’ orientations defined by distinct c‐axis point maxima. (2) Adjacent subdomains are misorientated with respect to each other by a misorientation angle/axis of 90°/<a>. (3) Within each subdomain, palisade quartz grain boundaries commonly have intra‐ and inter‐granular misorientations of 60°/[0001], consistent with the dauphiné twin law. Our observations imply that the coesite‐quartz transformation is crystallographically controlled by the epitaxial nucleation of palisade quartz on the former coesite grain, specifically on potential coesite twin planes such as (01) and (021).
Molecular dynamics study with mutation shows that N‐terminal domain structural re‐orientation in Niemann‐Pick type C1 is required for proper alignment of cholesterol transport
Authors: Yoon Hye‐Jin , Jeong Jian , Lee Hyung Ho , Jang Soonmin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe lysosomal membrane protein Niemann‐Pick type C1 (NPC1) and Niemann‐Pick type C2 (NPC2) are main players of cholesterol control in the lysosome and it is known that the mutation on these proteins leads to the cholesterol trafficking‐related neurodegenerative disease, which is called the NPC disease. The mutation R518W or R518Q on the NPC1 is one of the type of disease‐related mutation that causes cholesterol transports to be cut in half, which results in the accumulation of cholesterol and lipids in the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment of the cell. Even though there has been significant progress with understanding the cholesterol transport by NPC1 in combination with NPC2, especially after the structural determination of the full‐length NPC1 in 2016, many details such as the interaction of the full‐length NPC1 with the NPC2, the molecular motions responsible for the cholesterol transport during and after this interaction, and the structure and the function relations of many mutations are still not well understood. In this study, we report the extensive molecular dynamics simulations in order to gain insight into the structure and the dynamics of NPC1 lumenal domain for the cholesterol transport and the disease behind the mutation (R518W). It was found that the mutation induces a structural shift of the N‐terminal domain, toward the loop region in the middle lumenal domain, which is believed to play a central role in the interaction with NPC2 protein, so the interaction with the NPC2 protein might be less favorable compared to the wild NPC1. Also, the simulation indicates the possible re‐orientation of the N‐terminal domain with both the wild and the R518W‐mutated NPC1 after receiving the cholesterol from the NPC2 that align to form an internal tunnel, which is a possible pose for further action in cholesterol trafficking. We believe the current study can provide a better understanding of the cholesterol transport by NPC1 especially the role of NTD of NPC1 in combination with NPC2 interactions.
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The multi‐faceted role of mitochondria in the pathology of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Trinh Dennison , Israwi Ahmad R. , Arathoon Lindsay R. , Gleave Jacqueline A. , Nash Joanne E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMitochondria are essential for neuronal function. They produce ATP to meet energy demands, regulate homeostasis of ion levels such as calcium and regulate reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative cellular stress. Mitochondria have also been shown to regulate protein synthesis within themselves, as well as within the nucleus, and also influence synaptic plasticity. These roles are especially important for neurons, which have higher energy demands and greater susceptibility to stress. Dysfunction of mitochondria has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Glaucoma and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The focus of this review is on how and why mitochondrial function is linked to the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Many of the PD‐linked genetic mutations which have been identified result in dysfunctional mitochondria, through a wide‐spread number of mechanisms. In this review, we describe how susceptible neurons are predisposed to be vulnerable to the toxic events that occur during the neurodegenerative process of PD, and how mitochondria are central to these pathways. We also discuss ways in which proteins linked with familial PD control mitochondrial function, both physiologically and pathologically, along with their implications in genome‐wide association studies and risk assessment. Finally, we review potential strategies for disease modification through mitochondrial enhancement. Ultimately, agents capable of both improving and/or restoring mitochondrial function, either alone, or in conjunction with other disease‐modifying agents may halt or slow the progression of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Emodin inhibits aggregation of amyloid‐β peptide 1–42 and improves cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice
Authors: Wang Lichun , Liu Sitong , Xu Jiaqi , Watanabe Nobumoto , Mayo Kevin H. , Li Jiang , Li Xiaomeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAggregation of amyloid‐β peptide 1–42 (Aβ42) initiates the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and all the drugs designed to attenuate AD have failed in clinical trials. Emodin reduces levels of β‐amyloid, tau aggregation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, demonstrating AD therapeutic potential, whereas its effect on the accumulation of the amyloid‐β protein is not well understood. In this work, we investigated emodin activity on Aβ aggregation using a range of biochemical, biophysical, and cell‐based approaches. We provide evidence to suggest that emodin blocks Aβ42 fibrillogenesis and Aβ‐induced cytotoxicity, displaying a greater effect than that of curcumin. Through adopting three short peptides (Aβ1‐16, Aβ17‐33, and Aβ28‐42), it was proven that emodin interacts with the Leu17‐Gly33 sequence. Furthermore, our findings indicated that Val18 and Phe19 in Aβ42 are the target residues with which emodin interacts according amino acid mutation experiments. When fed to 8‐month‐old B6C3‐Tg mice for 2 months, high‐dose emodin ameliorates cognitive impairment by 60%–70%. Pathological results revealed that levels of Aβ deposition in the brains of AD mice treated with a high dose of emodin decreased by 50%–70%. Therefore, our study indicates that emodin may represent a promising drug for AD treatment.
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Views and experiences of dermatologists in Turkey about teledermatology during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Altunisik Nihal , Turkmen Dursun , Calikoglu Emel , Sener Serpil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTeledermatology is an alternative medical science that allows evaluation of patient's clinical information over a distance without requiring face‐to‐face examination. Due to COVID‐19, social distancing has become important these days, and teledermatology can help physicians and patients in overcoming the barriers of accessing health care.AimIn this study, we aim to evaluate how dermatologists in our country have viewed and experienced teledermatology during the pandemic through surveys.Patients/MethodsThe study was carried out by using an online survey for evaluating the teledermatology experiences of dermatologists in Turkey and how they have viewed teledermatology during the 2‐month pandemic period and the 2‐month prepandemic period.ResultsThe number of patients evaluated with teledermatology methods was found to be significantly higher in the pandemic period when compared with the prepandemic period. The rates of using video calls with mobile phone and online video calls were found to be significantly higher in the pandemic period when compared with the prepandemic period.ConclusionOur study results show that the teledermatology method had a higher rate of usage compared to before the pandemic.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of cancer stem cell subpopulations in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Amôr Nádia Ghinelli , Buzo Rodrigo Fonseca , Ortiz Rafael Carneiro , Lopes Nathália Martins , Saito Luciana Mieli , Mackenzie Ian Campbell , Rodini Camila Oliveira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite advances in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics, the overall 5‐year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains low. Tumor formation, progression, recurrence, and chemo‐resistance are associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) that show phenotypic heterogeneity, but how they influence tumor behavior remains poorly understood. We aimed to describe how two CSC phenotypes from an OSCC cell line, CD44HighESAHigh (Epi‐CSC) and CD44HighESALow (EMT‐CSC), behave in vitro and in vivo.MethodsIn vitro behavior of FACS‐sorted Epi‐CSC and EMT‐CSC from OSCC cells was characterized by their ability to form colonies, migrate, proliferate, and to invade a solid matrix. In vivo experiments were conducted in immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice by orthotopic xenografting of FACS‐sorted OSCC subpopulations.ResultsIn vitro, the Epi‐CSC phenotype was more proliferative and generated more holoclones than the EMT phenotype. On the other hand, EMT‐CSC migrate and invaded more than Epi‐CSC cells in 3D culture, suggesting the CSC phenotype affects tumor cell behavior. When inoculated orthotopically into the tongues of immunodeficient mice, both subpopulations generated OSCC, but EMT‐CSC formed fewer and smaller tumors.ConclusionsOur results suggest that while cells in the Epi‐CSC form the subpopulation that enables tumor growth, the EMT‐CSC are related to migration and invasion. Clinically, this may reflect the importance of Epi‐CSC for tumorigenesis and of the EMT‐CSC for metastasis and highlights that variation in the proportion of CSC phenotypes from patient to patient may be relevant to the design of individual treatment protocols.
Care Needs for Organ Transplant Recipients Scale: Development and psychometric testing
Authors: Chang Yu Hsuan , Lai Yeur Hur , Tsai Meng Kun , Shun Shiow Ching 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeeds assessment can determine how large the gap is between needs and available services; however, no tools are available to assess the unmet needs of renal transplant recipients.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop the Care Needs for Organ Transplant Recipients Scale (CNOTRS) and examine its psychometric properties.DesignA cross‐sectional design for instrument development and psychometric testing.ParticipantsIn total, 217 renal transplant recipients were recruited through convenience sampling.MethodsAn initial 36‐item CNOTRS was developed after a comprehensive literature review. After the CNOTRS was tested through content validity and face validity, the factor structure was explored using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Convergent validity was examined using Pearson's correlation between the CNOTRS and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Known‐group validity was tested by comparing CNOTRS scores of patients grouped based on whether they had experienced complications or rejection.ResultsTwenty‐eight items with three factors (namely daily care and social interaction needs, psychological needs, and health system and service needs) were identified in EFA by parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test. The psychological needs domain had a stronger positive correlation with the HADS than the other two domains. The known‐group validity was supported as a significant association between complications or rejection occurrence and unmet needs. The Cronbach's α of the CNOTRS was 0.94.ConclusionsThe CNOTRS demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity to assess the care needs for renal transplant recipients and can assist health care professionals to tailor more personalised care for their individual needs.
Application of soymilk skin as sausage wrapping for improving lipid oxidation
Authors: Lee Jaesang , Kim Yookyung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractYuba, the soymilk skin, was developed as edible films for sausage. Yuba (Y) were prepared with added pine‐needle extract (YP) and employed to wrap sausage. Physical and mechanical properties and lipid oxidation of sausages were compared to sausages made with commercial collagen casing (C). Y films showed better transparency, oxygen‐barrier properties, and UV‐light barrier properties than C films (p < .05). Particularly, the addition of pine‐needle extract increased DPPH activities from 31 to 48% and total phenol content from 7.52 to 14.64 mg gallic acid/g. Regarding application for sausage wrapping, Y (2.35%) and YP (2.66%) wrapped sausages with better protection against water loss during cooking compared to sausages made from C (5.84%). Especially, YP (3.57 MDA mg/kg) showed better protection against lipid oxidation for sausages than Y (4 MDA mg/kg) and C (4.62 MDA mg/kg) on day 6 after refrigerated storage. Yuba films could be employed as potential alternatives to gelatin films for manufacturing sausages.