bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamic change of pore structure for low-rank coal under refined upgrading pretreatment temperatures
Authors: Li Teng , Wu Cai-Fang , Wang Zi-Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPore structure characteristics are significant factor in the evaluation of the physical characteristics of low-rank coal. In this study, three low-rank coal samples were collected from the Xishanyao Formation, Santanghu Basin, and low-temperature liquid-nitrogen adsorption (LP-N2A) measurements were taken under various pretreatment temperatures. Owing to the continuous loss of water and volatile matter in low-rank coal, the total pore volume assumes a three-step profile with knee temperatures of 150 °C and 240 °C. However, the ash in the coal can protect the coal skeleton. Pore collapse mainly occurs for mesopores with aperture smaller than 20 nm. Mesopores with apertures smaller than 5 nm exhibit a continuous decrease in pore volume, whereas the pore volume of mesopores with apertures ranging from 5 to 10 nm increases at lower pretreatment temperatures (<150 °C) followed by a faint decrease. As for mesopores with apertures larger than 10 nm, the pore volume increases significantly when the pretreatment temperature reaches 300 °C. The pore structure of low-rank coal features a significant heating effect, the pretreatment temperature should not exceed 150 °C when the LP-N2A is used to evaluate the pore structure of low-rank coal to effectively evaluate the reservoir characteristics of low-rank coal.
Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom on Substrates Made of Cellulose Fibre Rejects: Product Quality and Spent Substrate Fuel Properties
Authors: Grimm Alejandro , Eilertsen Lill , Chen Feng , Huang Renyuan , Atterhem Lars , Xiong Shaojun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper explores an alternative valorisation method for high-moisture content waste streams from the pulp and paper industry. Cellulose fibre rejects from industrial-scale recycling/pulping of waste paper was used as an ingredient in substrates for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as oyster mushroom. Three substrates with 40, 60, and 80 wt% fibre rejects were tested, and a conventional substrate formula based on birch (Betula ssp.) sawdust was used for comparison. The spent mushroom substrate (SMS) fuel characteristics were assessed through ashing procedures. Mycelium growth was faster on substrates based on fibre rejects. The average biological efficiencies of the first flush of fruit bodies were between 29 and 36% compared to 42% for birch sawdust substrates. The fruit bodies had good nutritional values, i.e., crude protein (22–25 wt% d.b.), crude fat (3–3.5 wt% d.b.), crude fibre (8–10 wt% d.b.), and carbohydrates (57–62 wt% d.b.). The concentrations of heavy metals, 5–10 µg/kg Pb, 19–28 µg/kg Cd, 5–6 µg/kg Hg, and 26–53 µg/kg As were well below the limit values for food products set in EU regulations. The SMS could be used as fuel for direct combustion or co-combusted with other biomasses.

Graphic Abstract
Varying perceptions of the role of “nurse as teacher” for medical trainees: A&nbsp;qualitative study
Authors: Doja Asif , Venegas Carolina Lavin , Clarkin Chantalle , Scowcroft Katherine , Ashton Gerry , Hopkins Laura , Bould M. Dylan , Hilary Writer Hilary , Posner Glenn 
Published: December 2020

Introduction The informal curriculum—an essential complement to the formal curriculum—is delivered to medical trainees through learning outside the classroom. We sought to explore nurse-mediated aspects of trainee education in the informal curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN), as well as nursing perceptions of their role in medical trainee education.
Methods Naturalistic, non-participant observations (40 h) were performed on a tertiary care birthing unit (BU) to document teaching and learning interactions. Insights gleaned from observations informed subsequent semi-structured interviews with BU nurses (n = 10) and focus group discussions with third-year medical students who had completed an OBGYN rotation (n = 10). Thematic analysis was conducted across data sets.
Results Conceptions of nurse-mediated education differed considerably between nurses and trainees. Nurses were widely acknowledged as gatekeepers and patient advocates by both groups, although this role was sometimes perceived by trainees as impacting on learning. Interest and engagement were noted as mediators of teaching, with enhanced access to educational opportunities reported by trainees who modelled openness and enthusiasm for learning. Nurse-driven education was frequently tailored to the learner’s level, with nurses feeling well positioned to share procedural knowledge or hard skills, soft skills (i.e. bedside manners), and clinical insights gained from bedside practice.
Discussion Nurses are instrumental in the education of medical trainees; however, divergence was noted in how this role is enacted in practice. Given the valuable teaching resource BU nurses present, more emphasis should be placed on interprofessional co-learning and the actualization of this role within the informal curriculum.
Serum β2-microglobulin as a predictor of residual kidney function in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Jaques David A. , Davenport Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile clinical guidelines recommend that residual kidney function (RKF) is measured in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, 24-h urine collection is cumbersome and prone to errors. We wished to determine whether an equation using serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) could prove of clinical benefit in estimating RKF and identifying patients who could start PD with incremental prescriptions.MethodsWe measured serum β2M in consecutive PD outpatients recently starting dialysis with continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) or automated PD (APD), attending a single tertiary hospital for their routine clinical visit. RKF was defined as the mean of 24-h urine clearances of creatinine and urea. An equation estimating RKF (eRKF) was generated based on serum β2M levels on a randomly selected modelling group.ResultsWe included 511 patients, of whom 351 in the modelling group and 150 in the validation group. Mean age was 58.7 ± 15.8, 307 (60.0%) were men and median RKF value was 4.5 (2.4–6.5) mL/min/1.73 m2. In the validation group, an equation based on β2M, creatinine, urea, age and gender showed minimal bias of − 0.1 mL/min/1.73 m2to estimate RKF. Area under the receiving operator characteristic curve was 0.915 to detect RKF ≥ 2 mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionAn equation based on serum β2M concentration would not be able to replace 24-h urine collection as the standard of care when an exact measurement of RKF is required. However, it could prove useful in identifying patients suitable for an incremental PD prescription and for monitoring RKF in individuals unable to reliably collect urine.Graphic abstract
Mean and variance of balanced Pólya urns
Authors: Janson Svante 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is well-known that in a small Pólya urn, i.e., an urn where the second largest real part of an eigenvalue is at most half the largest eigenvalue, the distribution of the numbers of balls of different colours in the urn is asymptotically normal under weak additional conditions. We consider the balanced case, and then give asymptotics of the mean and the covariance matrix, showing that after appropriate normalization, the mean and covariance matrix converge to the mean and covariance matrix of the limiting normal distribution.
The social legitimacy of basic income: a multidimensional and cross-national perspective. An introduction to the special issue
Authors: Chrisp Joe , Laenen Tijs , van Oorschot Wim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this special issue, authors present and discuss the findings of a series of recent national and EU cross-national empirical studies on public support for basic income. As such, the special issue offers new and innovative insights on such support and its individual and contextual drivers. The articles employ heterogeneous data and methods and therefore, as a whole, navigate the multi-dimensional nature of (opinions on) basic income. Three of the contributions use unique survey data to study the levels of support for basic income among various European populations and the complex ideological and social divides that explain such support. The other two contributions use qualitative data, from democratic fora, focus groups and in-depth interviews, to explore how citizens interpret basic income and what types of arguments they use in favour or against the implementation of the policy.
Le choc des paradigmes en études métisses depuis l'arrêtPowley
Authors: Bériault Xavier , Dubois Janique 
Published: December 2020

RésuméDepuis l'arrêtPowleyde la Cour suprême du Canada en 2003, les études métisses se sont fortement politisées dans la mesure où les conclusions des chercheurs qui servent d'experts dans les causes portées devant les tribunaux ont le potentiel d'avoir une influence concrète sur les jugements rendus. Cet article cartographie les réseaux intellectuels formés par les publications en études métisses à partir d'une analyse de réseaux qui utilise le logiciel UCINet. Notre analyse révèle la présence de deux paradigmes distincts qui proposent des conceptions opposées de l'identité métisse. D'une part, les chercheurs du paradigme de l'hybridité présentent le Métis comme étant issu d'une ascendance mixte. D'autre part, les chercheurs du paradigme de l'ethnogenèse conçoivent le Métis comme appartenant à une nation autochtone distincte. Notre analyse des réseaux en études métisses met en lumière les relations de pouvoir qui animent les débats politiques, juridiques et culturels sur l'identité métisse.
STATE AND CORPORATION IN AMERICAN POPULIST POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, 1877–1902
Authors: JÄGER ANTON 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines the political theory of the late nineteenth-century American Populist movement, with a particular focus on its theories of state and corporation. Recent scholarship on populism has tended to present the phenomenon as a variant of direct democracy intrinsically opposed to intermediary bodies, a feature consistently traced back to American Populism as well. In this account, American Populists opposed new discourses of corporate personhood and free incorporation in the late nineteenth century owing to their tendency to distort natural bonds between peoples and leaders and to disperse the popular will. This article questions the tenability of this opposition through a close contextual engagement with original Populist texts. As the first self-declared ‘populist’ movement in modern history, Populists theorized about the usage of corporate personality for their own co-operatives and put forward ambitious visions of American statecraft, breaking with the proprietary individualism that characterized Jeffersonian agrarianism before. The article focuses on two particular genres of Populist thinking: first, their advocacy of the corporate form for their co-operative farm organizing and, secondly, a specifically statutory vision of state reform. It concludes with reflections on how these findings destabilize assumptions governing the current populism debate in political theory and American historiography.
Epigenome-wide associations between observed maternal sensitivity and offspring DNA methylation: a population-based prospective study in children
Authors: Dall’ Aglio Lorenza , Rijlaarsdam Jolien , Mulder Rosa H. , Neumann Alexander , Felix Janine F. , Kok Rianne , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , van Ijzendoorn Marinus H. , Tiemeier Henning , Cecil Charlotte A.M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundExperimental work in animals has shown that DNA methylation (DNAm), an epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression, is influenced by typical variation in maternal care. While emerging research in humans supports a similar association, studies to date have been limited to candidate gene and cross-sectional approaches, with a focus on extreme deviations in the caregiving environment.MethodsHere, we explored the prospective association between typical variation in maternal sensitivity and offspring epigenome-wide DNAm, in a population-based cohort of children (N = 235). Maternal sensitivity was observed when children were 3- and 4-years-old. DNAm, quantified with the Infinium 450 K array, was extracted at age 6 (whole blood). The influence of methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs), DNAm at birth (cord blood), and confounders (socioeconomic status, maternal psychopathology) was considered in follow-up analyses.ResultsGenome-wide significant associations between maternal sensitivity and offspring DNAm were observed at 13 regions (p < 1.06 × 10−07), but not at single sites. Follow-up analyses indicated that associations at these regions were in part related to genetic factors, confounders, and baseline DNAm levels at birth, as evidenced by the presence of mQTLs at five regions and estimate attenuations. Robust associations with maternal sensitivity were found at four regions, annotated to ZBTB22, TAPBP, ZBTB12, and DOCK4.ConclusionsThese findings provide novel leads into the relationship between typical variation in maternal caregiving and offspring DNAm in humans, highlighting robust regions of associations, previously implicated in psychological and developmental problems, immune functioning, and stress responses.
Modulation of the functional connectome in major depressive disorder by ketamine therapy
Authors: Sahib Ashish K. , Loureiro Joana R. , Vasavada Megha , Anderson Cole , Kubicki Antoni , Wade Benjamin , Joshi Shantanu H. , Woods Roger P. , Congdon Eliza , Espinoza Randall , Narr Katherine L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubanesthetic ketamine infusion therapy can produce fast-acting antidepressant effects in patients with major depression. How single and repeated ketamine treatment modulates the whole-brain functional connectome to affect clinical outcomes remains uncharacterized.MethodsData-driven whole brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis was used to identify the functional connections modified by ketamine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD patients (N = 61, mean age = 38, 19 women) completed baseline resting-state (RS) functional magnetic resonance imaging and depression symptom scales. Of these patients, n = 48 and n = 51, completed the same assessments 24 h after receiving one and four 0.5 mg/kg intravenous ketamine infusions. Healthy controls (HC) (n = 40, 24 women) completed baseline assessments with no intervention. Analysis of RS FC addressed effects of diagnosis, time, and remitter status.ResultsSignificant differences (p < 0.05, corrected) in RS FC were observed between HC and MDD at baseline in the somatomotor network and between association and default mode networks. These disruptions in FC in MDD patients trended toward control patterns with ketamine treatment. Furthermore, following serial ketamine infusions, significant decreases in FC were observed between the cerebellum and salience network (SN) (p < 0.05, corrected). Patient remitters showed increased FC between the cerebellum and the striatum prior to treatment that decreased following treatment, whereas non-remitters showed the opposite pattern.ConclusionResults support that ketamine treatment leads to neurofunctional plasticity between distinct neural networks that are shown as disrupted in MDD patients. Cortico-striatal-cerebellar loops that encompass the SN could be a potential biomarker for ketamine treatment.
Making privilege palatable: Normative sustainability in chefs’ Instagram discourse
Authors: Mapes Gwynne , Ross Andrew S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article we consider the discursive production of status as it relates to democratic ideals of environmental equity and community responsibility, orienting specifically to food discourse and ‘elite authenticity’ (Mapes 2018), as well as to recent work concerning normativity and class inequality (e.g. Thurlow 2016; Hall, Levon, & Milani 2019). Utilizing a dataset comprised of 150 Instagram posts, drawn from three different acclaimed chefs’ personal accounts, we examine the ways in which these celebrities emphasize local/sustainable food practices while simultaneously asserting their claims to privileged eating. Using multimodal critical discourse analysis, we document three general discursive tactics: (i) plant-based emphasis, (ii) local/community terroir, and (iii) realities of meat consumption. Ultimately, we establish how the chefs’ claims to egalitarian/environmental ideals paradoxically diminish their eliteness, while simultaneously elevating their social prestige, pointing to the often complicated and covert ways in which class inequality permeates the social landscape of contemporary eating. (Food discourse, elite authenticity, normativity, social class, locality/sustainability)*
An empirical analysis on the operational profile of liquefied natural gas carriers with steam propulsion plants
Authors: González Gutiérrez Carlos , Suárez de la Fuente Santiago , Bonello Jean-Marc , Bucknall Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLiquefied natural gas (LNG) offers negligible NOx and SOx emissions as well as reductions in CO2 compared with other liquid hydrocarbons. LNG is a significant player in the global energy mix, with a projection of 40% increase in demand for the next two decades. It is anticipated that the expected rise in demand will cause the fleet of LNG carriers (LNGC) to expand. This work concentrates on steam-powered LNGC, which accounted for 47% of the LNGC fleet in 2018. It performs an empirical analysis of continuous monitoring data that provide high levels of accuracy and transparency. The analysis is done on data collected from 40 LNGCs for over a year to estimate the fleet's operational profile, fuel mix and energy performance. The findings of this work are relevant for bottom-up analysis and simulation models that depend on technical assumptions, but also for emission studies such as the upcoming Fourth International Maritime Organization Greenhouse Gases study.
Large complete minors in random subgraphs
Authors: Erde Joshua , Kang Mihyun , Krivelevich Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLet G be a graph of minimum degree at least k and let Gp be the random subgraph of G obtained by keeping each edge independently with probability p. We are interested in the size of the largest complete minor that Gp contains when p = (1 + ε)/k with ε > 0. We show that with high probability Gp contains a complete minor of order
$\tilde{\Omega}(\sqrt{k})$
, where the ~ hides a polylogarithmic factor. Furthermore, in the case where the order of G is also bounded above by a constant multiple of k, we show that this polylogarithmic term can be removed, giving a tight bound.
Nuubo ™ improving the diagnosis of pediatric arrhythmias
Authors: Palacios Argueta Jorge R. , Punti Sala Jordi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report an 11-year-old male with intermittent palpitations episodes, and no other pathological findings were found. With the standard Holter electrocardiogram, there is only the option of 24 to 72 hours monitoring of the patient. A Holter Nuubo ™ Vest was placed for 33 days and a supraventricular tachycardia was found.
A single-dose, comparative bioavailability study comparing amphetamine extended-release oral suspension with extended-release mixed amphetamine salts capsules
Authors: Pardo Antonio , Bouhajib Mohammed , King Thomas R. , Rafla Eman , Kando Judith C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the relative bioavailability of a single dose of amphetamine extended-release oral suspension (AMPH EROS) compared with a single dose of extended-release mixed amphetamine salts (ER MAS) in healthy, fasted adult subjects.MethodsThe study population consisted of healthy adult volunteers. The study drug used in this study was 7.5 mL of 2.5 mg/mL AMPH EROS equivalent to 18.8 mg of amphetamine base administered after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours. AMPH EROS comprises a 3.2:1 enantiomeric ratio of d-amphetamine to l-amphetamine. The reference product was one 30 mg ER MAS capsule (equivalent to 18.8 mg of amphetamine base). Relative bioavailability between the products was determined by a statistical comparison of the area under the curve and maximum concentration (Cmax) for d-amphetamine and l-amphetamine. PK (PK) blood samples were collected prior to dosing (0-hour) and at 1, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 24, 36, 48, and 60 hours after drug administration, totaling 20 samples in each period.ResultsThe mean subject age was 35.0 (standard deviation ±8) years, and the overall study population comprised 19 (63.3%) males and 11 (36.7%) females. The contrasts for geometric mean ratios for all assessed PK parameters (for both l- and d-amphetamine) between the test article AMPH EROS and reference product ER MAS fell within the prescribed 80% to 125% limits.ConclusionsThe overall PK profile of single-dose AMPH EROS 7.5 mL was found to be comparable with a single dose of oral ER MAS 30 mg.
Generations of Veterans: Socioeconomic Attainment from World War II to the Contemporary Era
Authors: MacLean Alair , Kleykamp Meredith 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScholars have long examined how generations or, more technically, cohorts produce social change. According to theory, people’s lives are shaped by the years in which they were born because they experience, along with their peers, particular historical events at the same points in the life course. Despite the importance of history, however, many scholars have evaluated cohorts not defined by clear start and end dates, but rather by arbitrary cut points, such as five-year intervals. In contrast, this article uses defined changes in military service in the United States stemming from shifts between war and peace, and from draft to volunteer service to assess how cohorts have contributed to change in socioeconomic attainment. It uses the Current Population Survey from 1971 to 2017, which has not previously been used to evaluate how veteran status may have produced shifting outcomes across cohorts. It finds evidence that cohorts had different average income overall and between groups, with veterans earning more money than nonveterans who were eligible to serve during the draft era before the Vietnam War. These gaps are partially explained by racial and educational differences. The findings provide a model for analyses of changes in the relative status of other groups, as well as information about how the role of military service in social mobility changed historically.