bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulação de plataformas digitais: mapeando o debate internacional
Authors: Moraes de Lima Marcos Francisco Urupá , Valente Jonas Chagas Lucio 
Published: August 2020

RESUMO O presente artigo visa mapear o debate internacional sobre a regulação das plataformas digitais. Embora já haja uma série de legislações incidindo sobre esses agentes, como leis de proteção de dados, de proteção de direitos autorais ou de responsabilização no caso de retiradas de conteúdos, diferentes fatores passaram a impulsionar internacionalmente o debate sobre novas normas para disciplinar as atividades dessas empresas. Na literatura e entre atores sociais, de empresas a governos, passando por organizações da sociedade civil, coloca-se na arena internacional uma disputa por eventuais novas legislações e regulações.
Palavras-chave: Plataformas Digitais; Regulação; Over-the-top; Internet.
Aportes teórico-conceituais de Valério Cruz Brittos à Economia Política da Comunicação
Authors: Bolaño César Ricardo Siqueira , Santos Anderson David Gomes dos 
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Este texto discute o desenvolvimento de conceitos ligados à Economia Política da Comunicação (EPC) a partir da produção acadêmica de Valério Cruz Brittos de 2001 a 2012, em especial seus aportes para os conceitos de: (a) barreiras à entrada nos mercados comunicacionais e a especificação da noção de padrão tecno-estético; (b) “fase da multiplicidade da oferta” para a periodização do mercado brasileiro de televisão; e (c) “PluriTV”, para a caracterização do atual ambiente de disseminação das telas. Trata-se de explicitar a sua inserção na trajetória da EPC brasileira como contribuição para o seu ulterior desenvolvimento.
Palavras-chave: Conceitos; Valério Cruz Brittos; Economia Política da Comunicação.
Da (re) configuração do capitalismo informacional no Haiti à economia de violência
Authors: Ogecime Mardochee , Moura Maria Aparecida 
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Trata-se de uma análise do capitalismo informacional no Haiti, na sua proposta mais emblemática em sociedade da informação e do conhecimento. Objetiva apreender a dimensão e instrumentalização das categorias “informação-conhecimento-tecnologia” como matrizes de desenvolvimento social e econômico, nas aspirações de configuração de processos (re)produtivos, organização social de trabalho e dinâmicas de desencadeamentos de processos sociais, culturais e políticos decorrentes dos ideais de bem-estar emanados das apostas da sociedade da informação e do conhecimento. Mediante uma análise documental, se estuda tanto as condições, possibilidades de (re)configuração deste modelo econômico no país como os impactos das suas procedências e aplicações na sociedade. Na configuração do capitalismo informacional no Haiti, se dá uma nova direção de causalidade que é estabelecida entre grupos de interesse, instituições políticas e econômicas; e a captura do Estado que resulta dela se torna o “modus operandi”, com seus efeitos perversos na criação e distribuição de riqueza na economia. Estes efeitos são reprodutores de uma organização econômica dilacerada pela pobreza e desigualdade social no país, inclusive a emigração da força de trabalho do país.
Palavras-chave: Capitalismo Informacional; Sociedade da Informação e do Conhecimento; Informação-Conhecimento-Tecnologia; Desenvolvimento; Governança Territorial.
Can garlic prevent, repel or kill fleas that infest dogs?
Authors: Buckley Louise Anne 
Published: August 2020

PICO question
In dogs, is oral or topical administration of garlic, compared to no treatment, efficacious at preventing or reducing parasitism by fleas?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Zero
Strength of evidence
Critical appraisal of the selected papers meeting the inclusion criteria collectively provide zero evidence in terms of their experimental design and implementation
Outcomes reported
The outcomes reported were none
Conclusion
It is concluded that there is a lack of peer-reviewed scientific in vivo evidence to address the PICO

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision-making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
The effect of Extreme Low Frequency-Pulsed Electromagnetic Field exposure in the healing process of Sprague Dawley mouse delayed union femur fracture: study of Rust Radiology Score
Authors: Djaja Andika 
Published: August 2020

Fractures usually heal normally. In some conditions, the healing process do not occur normally, but become delayed union or non union as a complication. Successful healing of fractures is a complex interaction between the process of angiogenesis and osteogenesis (the interaction of osteoblasts and osteoclast). Physical stimuli such as exposure of EMF (electromagnetic fields) influences of the osteogenesis process both in the development stage of embryo reinforcement and the fracture healing stage. The aim of this study is to determine the healing of delayed union fractures in experimental animals due to the expossure of Extreme Low Frequency-Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) by comparing the RUST scores. The experimental study was conducted Department of Nutrition Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia with 56 experimental rats during August-September 2018. There were no differences of animal characteristics in the study. It was found that there were significant differences in Rust Score in the treatment and control groups in each examination week. There were no differences in clinical improvement in the two groups. This study concluded that there was an improvement in delayed union fracture healing after the administration of ELF-EMF as seen from the difference in Rust score.
The Osteogenic Capacity of HumanAmniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hAMSC) and Potential for Application in Maxillofacial Bone Reconstruction in Vitro Study
Authors: Kamadjaja David 
Published: August 2020

Amniotic membrane of human placenta is a source of abundant mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSC) which makes it a potential source of allogeneic multipotent cell for bone healing. However, much has to be explored about its isolation procedure and the osteogenic differentiation potential. The aims of this study are to establish the procurement procedure of human amniotic membrane, the isolation and culture of hAMSC, the MSC phenotypic characterization, and the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hAMSC. Results of the study are as follows. The quality of human amniotic membrane would be best if procured from Caesarean operation under highly aseptic condition to avoid fungal and bacterial contamination on the culture. Isolation procedure using modified Soncini protocol yielded large amount of MSC with high proliferative capacity in culture medium. Characterization of hAMSC showed that the majority of the target cells exhibited specific MSC markers (CD10S and CD90) with a small number of these cells expressing CD45the marker of hematopoeitic cells. The in vitro osteogenic differentiation of hAMSC followed by Alizarin Red staining showed that osteoblastic differentiation was detected in a significantly high number of cells. This study concludes that hAMSCs isolated from human amniotic membrane have the capacity for in vitro osteogenesis which makes them be one of the potential allogeneic stem cells for application in maxillofacial bone reconstruction.
Adapting the Sudden Landslide Identification Product (SLIP) and Detecting Real-Time Increased Precipitation (DRIP) algorithms to map rainfall-triggered landslides in the West-Cameroons’ highlands (Central-Africa)
Authors: MFONDOUM ALFRED HOMERE NGANDAM , Nguet Pauline Wokwenmendam , Mfondoum Jean Valery Mefire , Tchindjang Mesmin , Hakdaoui Sofia , Cooper Ryan , Gbetkom Paul Gérard , Penaye Joseph , Bekoa Ateba , Moudioh Cyriel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background – NASA’s developers recently proposed the Sudden Landslide Identification Product (SLIP) and Detecting Real-Time Increased Precipitation (DRIP) algorithms. This method uses the Landsat 8 satellite images and daily rainfall recordings for a real-time mapping of this geohazard. This study adapts the processing to face the issues of data quality and unavailability/gaps for the mapping of the recent landslide events in west-Cameroon’s highlands. Methods – The SLIP algorithm is adapted, by integrating the inverse NDVI to assess the soil bareness, the Modified Normalized Multi-Band Drought Index (MNMDI) combined with the hydrothermal index to assess soil moisture, and the slope inclination to map the recent landslide. Further, the DRIP algorithm uses the mean daily rainfall to assess the thresholds corresponding to the recent landslide events. Their probability density function (PDF) curves are superimposed and the intersections are used to propose sets of dichotomous variables before (1948-2018) and after the 28 October 2019 landslide event. In addition, a survival analysis is performed to correlating the occurrence date of the landslide with the rainfall since the first known event in Cameroon, through the Cox model. Results – The outcome of the SLIP adapted model is the Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) map, with an overall accuracy of 96%. Further, the outcome of the DRIP adapted model states that the probability of rainfall-triggered landslides is 99.99%, for 6/9 ranges of probability between June and October. Finally, the survival probability for a known site is up to 0.68 for the best value and between 0.38 and 0.1 for the lowest value through time. Conclusions – The proposed approach is an alternative based on data (un)availability, completed by the site’s lifetime.
The Vietnamese Version of the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire: Translation and Psychometric Evaluation
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Van , Liu Hsueh-Erh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Many instruments measure critical thinking ability in nursing education. The Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire (N-CT-4 Practice) is a new tool to measure the level of critical thinking ability of nurses in a clinical setting. However, no study has evaluated the psychometric properties of the N-CT-4 Practice in Vietnam. Therefore, this study translated and evaluated the validity and reliability of the Vietnamese version of the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire (N-CT-4 Practice (V-v)).Results: The N-CT-4 Practice (V-v) questionnaire retained the meaning of the original English version and was clear, explicit and easy for nurses to understand. The item content validity index of the N-CT-4 Practice (V-v) was 1.0. The Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scales was .98. The intraclass correlation coefficient was .81. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this Vietnamese version fit the proposed model.Conclusions: The findings suggested that the N-CT-4 Practice (V-v) has acceptable reliability and validity for Vietnamese nurses in a clinical setting. Nurse managers and educators can use the N-CT-4 Practice (V-v) to measure the level of critical thinking ability of Vietnamese clinical nurses and make international comparisons possible.
Long-term outcomes of early initiated antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan children: A Cameroonian cohort study
Authors: Ndongo Francis Ateba , TEJIOKEM Mathurin Cyrille , PENDA Calixte IDA , NDIANG Suzie TETANG , NDONGO Jean-Audrey , GUEMKAM Georgette , SOFEU Casimir Ledoux , TAGNOUOKAM-NGOUPO Paul Alain , KFUTWAH ANFUMBOM , MSELLATI Philippe , FAYE Albert , WARSZAWSKI Josiane 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In most studies, the virological response is assessed during the first two years of antiretroviral treatment initiated in HIV-infected infants. However, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy exposes infants to very long-lasting treatment. Moreover, maintaining viral suppression in children is difficult. We aimed to assess the virologic response and mortality in HIV-infected children after five years of early initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) and identify factors associated with virologic success in Cameroon. Methods: In this cohort study, we included 149 children who were still alive after two years of early ART. Virologic response was assessed after 5 years of treatment. The probability of maintaining virologic success between two and five years of ART was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curve. Factors associated with a viral load < 400 copies/mL in children still alive at five years of ART were studied using logistic regressions.Results: The viral load after five years of early ART was suppressed in 66.8% (60.1 - 73.5) of the 144 children still alive and in care. Among the children with viral suppression after two years of ART, the probability of maintaining viral suppression after five years of ART was 64.0% (54.0 - 74.0). The only factor associated with viral suppression after five years of ART was achievement of confirmed virological success within the first two years of ART (OR = 2.7 (1.1-6.8); p = 0.033).Conclusions: This study reported difficulty in maintaining virologic success in sub-Saharan HIV-infected children between two and five years of early initiated ART. It also highlighted the importance of initial viral suppression for achieving and maintaining virologic success in the long-term.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: long-term and mature outcomes of a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Gupta Tejpal , Sinha Shwetabh , Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Budrukkar Ashwini , Mummudi Naveen , Swain Monali , Phurailatpam Reena , Prabhash Kumar , Agarwal Jai Prakash 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To compare long-term disease-related outcomes and late radiation morbidity between intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the setting of a prospective randomized controlled trial. Methods: Previously untreated patients with early to moderately advanced non-metastatic squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx (T1-T3, N0-N2b, M0) planned for comprehensive irradiation of primary site and bilateral neck nodes were randomly assigned to either IMRT or 3D-CRT after written informed consent. Patients were treated with 6MV photons to a total dose of 70Gy/35 fractions over 7 weeks (3D-CRT) or 66Gy/30 fractions over 6 weeks (IMRT). A sample size of 60 patients was estimated to demonstrate 35% absolute difference in the incidence of ≥grade 2 acute xerostomia between the two arms. All time-to-event outcomes were calculated from date of randomization until the defined event using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: At a median follow-up of 140 months for surviving patients, 10-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of loco-regional control (LRC); progression-free survival (PFS); and overall survival (OS) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were 73.6% (95%CI: 61.2-86%); 45.2% (95%CI: 32-58.4%); and 50.3% (95%CI: 37.1-63.5%) respectively. There were no significant differences in 10-year disease-related outcomes between 3D-CRT and IMRT for LRC [79.2% (95%CI: 62.2-96.2%) vs 68.7% (95%CI: 51.1-86.3%), p=0.39]; PFS [41.3% (95%CI: 22.3-60.3%) vs 48.6% (95%CI: 30.6-66.6%), p=0.59]; or OS [44.9% (95%CI: 25.7-64.1%) vs 55.0% (95%CI: 37-73%), p=0.49]. Significantly lesser proportion of patients in the IMRT arm experienced ≥grade 2 late xerostomia and subcutaneous fibrosis at all time-points. However, at longer follow-up, fewer patients remained evaluable for late radiation toxicity reducing statistical power and precision. Conclusions: IMRT provides a clinically meaningful and sustained reduction in the incidence of moderate to severe xerostomia and subcutaneous fibrosis compared to 3D-CRT without compromising disease-related outcomes in long-term survivors of non-nasopharyngeal HNSCC.
Identifying the Community-Engaged Translational Research Collaboration Experience and Health Interests of Community-Based Organizations Outside of Metropolitan Atlanta
Authors: Greteman Breanna Blaess , Rollins Latrice , Penn Allisen , Berg Alison , Nehl Eric , Llewellyn Nicole , Weber Amber , George Melissa , Sabbs Darrell , Mubasher Mohamed , Akintobi Tabia Henry 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Rural health research has increased over the last two decades, but there are still unknowns regarding health priorities from the perspective of rural community-based representatives. The Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance (CTSA), a collaboration between four research institutions, statewide, includes a Community Engagement (CE) Program facilitating community-academic research partnerships. This study aimed to assess the health priorities, research experience, and interests from community respondents outside of Metropolitan Atlanta through the Community Engagement Facilitation Survey (CEFS). CE Program members disseminated the 11-item survey statewide at community events and professional organization meetings. Descriptive statistics were analyzed, and GIS mapping was conducted. Four-hundred six (406) surveys were analyzed, representing 83.6% of rural Georgia counties. Most frequently identified health priorities and research interests were diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, and mental health. Results will be used to support those within rural Georgia organizations seeking to forge community-academic partnerships to address health priorities.
Precarious Work and Poor Occupational Health: A Cross-sectional Study in Luxembourg
Authors: Majery Nicole , Shadi Jemima Wangata , Trandafir Paula Camelia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn the literature, an increase in precarious work in Luxembourg as well as in other countries, has been associated to poor health. Therefore, the Occupational Health Physicians of the “Service de Santé au Travail Multisectoriel” (STM), considering the comfortable financial situation during unemployment in Luxembourg, compared the health and lifestyle data of precarious workers to those with stable work.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 1472 workers (910 in stable and 562 in precarious work), who were examined at the STM in 2019. Lifestyle and health were self-reported by the workers. The qualitative variables (frequencies and percentage) related to demographic, health, lifestyle and employment factors were analyzed in each group. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare both groups and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the associations between health issues (cardiovascular, mental health, musculoskeletal disorders [MSD]) and employment contract type. ResultsRegarding lifestyle, there were significant differences in age, tobacco smoking, type of work, and mental health disorders between the two groups. Precarious workers had a higher prevalence of poor health in the entire sample. As for mental health disorders, the prevalence was significantly higher in precarious than in stable work (8.5% vs 4.1%, p<0.0001). The difference was not significant in both groups for cardiovascular (6.9% vs 5.8%) and musculoskeletal (15.1% vs 13.7%) disorders. Multivariate logistic regression for the total sample revealed a positive association of precarious work and poor health. The odds ratios were 2.36 (CI: 1.50-3.73) for mental health 1.37 (CI: 0.87-2.17) for cardiovascular, and 1.04 (CI: 0.76-1.43) for musculoskeletal disorders. The association was significant only for mental health disorders. The results by gender showed up a higher risk for mental disorders for women in precarious work (OR=3.41, CI: 1.43-7.82) than for men (OR= 2.99, CI: 1.33-6.74). Men in precarious work had a positive association for cardio-vascular disorders (OR =1.84, CI: 1.03-3.29), and women a negative one (OR= 0.88, CI: 0.40-1.95).ConclusionsOur study revealed an association between precarious work and poor health. For mental health, this association was significant for both genders, but particularly so for women. Cardiovascular disorders were positively significantly associated only for men.
Edge sparse PCA based on gene network for correcting cell type heterogeneity in epigenome-wide association studies
Authors: Rui Miao , Qi Dang , Hui Huang Hai , Yong Xia Liang , Liang Yong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), the mixed methylation expression caused by the combination of different cell types may lead the researchers to find the false methylation site related to the phenotype of interest. In order to fix this problem, researchers have proposed some non-reference methods based on sparse principle component analysis (PCA) to correct the EWAS false discovery. However, the existing model assumes that all methylation site have the same a priori probability in each PC load, but it is known that there already has network structure in the genetic variable corresponding to the methylation site. In this paper, we show that the results of the existing EWAS correction model are still not good enough. If we can integrate the existing methylation network as prior knowledge into the sparse PCA model, we can effectively improve the correction ability of the existing model. Result: Based on the above ideas, we propose GN-ReFAEWAS, a model which uses the prior methylation gene network structure into the PCA framework for feature extraction. This model can be used to correct the false discovery in EWAS. GN-ReFAEWAS model does not need cell counting data and can estimate cell type composition through methylation principal component data. The key of this model is to solve a sparse regularize problem of methylation network. This paper uses regularize and random sampling algorithm to solve this problem. We used one simulated data set and three real data sets for experiments and compared four existing EWAS calibration models. The experimental results show that the GN-ReFAEWAS model is superior to existing models. Conclusion: The result proved that GN-ReFAEWAS model can provide a better estimation of cell-type composition and reduce the false positives in EWAS.
Optimal Cut-Off Values for Anthropometric Indices of Obesity as Discriminators of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Health Examinees Study: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cho Sooyoung , Shin Aesun , Choi Ji-Yeob , Park Sang Min , Kang Daehee , Lee Jong-Koo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Obesity is well known as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the performance of and the optimal cutoff value for obesity indices to discriminate the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in a Health Examinees study. Methods: The current study analyzed 134,195 participants with complete anthropometric and laboratory information in a Health Examinees study. The presence of cardiovascular risk factors was defined as having at least one of the following: hypertension, hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), waist to height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC) and conicity index (C index). Results: AUC of cardiovascular risk factors was the highest for WHtR (0.677 [0.672-0.683] among men; 0.691 [0.687-0.694] among women), and the lowest for the C index (0.616 [0.611-0.622] among men; 0.645 [0.641-0.649] among women) among both men and women. The optimal cutoff values were 24.3kg/m2 for BMI, 0.887 for WHR, 0.499 for WHtR, 84.4cm for WC and 1.20m3/2/kg1/2 for the C index among men, compared with 23.4kg/m2 for BMI, 0.832 for WHR, 0.496 for WHtR, 77.0 cm for WC and 1.18m3/2/kg1/2 for the C index among women. Conclusion: Obesity indices can be considered a plausible discriminator of metabolic risks.