bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of potential drugs for treatment of hepatic lipidosis in cats using an in vitro feline liver organoid system
Authors: Haaker Maya W. , Kruitwagen Hedwig S. , Vaandrager Arie B. , Houweling Martin , Penning Louis C. , Molenaar Martijn R. , van Wolferen Monique E. , Oosterhoff Loes A. , Spee Bart , Helms J. Bernd 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatic lipidosis is increasing in incidence in the Western world, with cats being particularly sensitive. When cats stop eating and start utilizing their fat reserves, free fatty acids (FFAs) increase in blood, causing an accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the liver.ObjectiveIdentifying potential new drugs that can be used to treat hepatic lipidosis in cats using a feline hepatic organoid system.AnimalsLiver organoids obtained from 6 cats.MethodsEight different drugs were tested, and the 2 most promising were further studied using a quantitative TAG assay, lipid droplet staining, and qPCR.ResultsBoth T863 (a diacylglycerol O‐acyltransferase 1 [DGAT1] inhibitor) and 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide 1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside (AICAR; an adenosine monophosphate kinase activator) decreased TAG accumulation by 55% (P < .0001) and 46% (P = .0003), respectively. Gene expression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) increased upon the addition of FFAs to the medium and decreased upon treatment with AICAR but not significantly after treatment with T863.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTwo potential drugs useful in the treatment of hepatic lipidosis in cats were identified. The drug T863 inhibits DGAT1, indicating that DGAT1 is the primary enzyme responsible for TAG synthesis from external fatty acids in cat organoids. The drug AICAR may act as a lipid‐lowering compound via decreasing PLIN2 mRNA. Liver organoids can be used as an in vitro tool for drug testing in a species‐specific system and provide the basis for further clinical testing of drugs to treat steatosis.
Commercializing religion via trademarking God
Authors: Aseri Ankita 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReligion plays a vital role in the life of people. People are emotionally attached to their religion. But, unfortunately, the devotion and sentiments of people are misused by traders by using the name of God or religious marks as their trademark. Trademark legislations prohibit the use of any such trademark which is likely to hurt the religious sentiments of people. But we can still find a number of goods and services using or registering the religious content as their trademark. Similarly, temples and trusts are commercializing merchandizes by using religious sentiments, symbols, and names. In this study, the researcher will make an attempt to evaluate the issue of the intersection of trademark with religious names and symbols in India in light of section 9(2)(b) of the Indian Trademark Act, 1999. Further, the researcher will analyze the position on the subject matter in different jurisdictions around the world including China, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The research paper will also include the judicial precedents to provide more clarity on the current position on the issue of trademarking religious names and symbols along with principles of legal philosophy.
Epidemiological and clinical comparisons of paediatric and adult sporotrichosis in Jilin Province, China
Authors: Yao Lei , Song Yang , Zhou Jun‐feng , Cui Yan , Li Shan‐Shan 
Published: December 2019

SummarySporotrichosis is endemic in Jilin Province of Northeast China. While paediatric cases make a substantial contribution to the epidemiological profile of sporotrichosis, the differences in the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of sporotrichosis between paediatric and adult patients remain unclear. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 2968 cases of sporotrichosis (2113 adult patients aged ≥ 15 years and 855 paediatric patients aged < 15 years) over a nine‐year period (01/01/2010‐31/12/2018‐). All the patients were diagnosed with sporotrichosis based on fungal culture of material from a skin lesion. In paediatric patients, the male:female ratio was 1.3:1, the incidence of sporotrichosis in the cold seasons was high (79.0%), most lesions occurred in the facial region (92.2%), and there was a preponderance of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis (86.8%). In adult patients, the male:female ratio was 1:2.4, the incidence of sporotrichosis in the cold seasons was 66.0%, most lesions affected the extremities (48.6%) and the face (44.9%), and fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis was common (69.3%). The results indicate there were significant differences in the distribution of paediatric and adult sporotrichosis patients by sex, season with the highest occurrence of sporotrichosis, lesion sites and clinical types. Our results suggest that the epidemiology and clinical manifestations between paediatric and adult patients were different, and the route of infection of sporotrichosis in children may differ from that of adults in Jilin Province.
Terminating rice innate immunity induction requires a network of antagonistic and redox‐responsive E3 ubiquitin ligases targeting a fungal sirtuin
Authors: Li Gang , Qi Xiaobo , Sun Guangchao , Rocha Raquel O. , Segal Lauren M. , Downey Katherine S. , Wright Janet D. , Wilson Richard A. 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Fungal phytopathogens can suppress plant immune mechanisms in order to colonize living host cells. Identifying all the molecular components involved is critical for elaborating a detailed systems‐level model of plant infection probing pathogen weaknesses; yet, the hierarchy of molecular events controlling fungal responses to the plant cell is not clear.

Here we show how, in the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, terminating rice innate immunity requires a dynamic network of redox‐responsive E3 ubiquitin ligases targeting fungal sirtuin 2 (Sir2), an antioxidation regulator required for suppressing the host oxidative burst.

Immunoblotting, immunopurification, mass spectrometry and gene functional analyses showed that Sir2 levels responded to oxidative stress via a mechanism involving ubiquitination and three antagonistic E3 ubiquitin ligases: Grr1 and Ptr1 maintained basal Sir2 levels in the absence of oxidative stress; Upl3 facilitated Sir2 accumulation in response to oxidative stress. Grr1 and Upl3 interacted directly with Sir2 in a manner that decreased and scaled with oxidative stress, respectively.

Deleting UPL3 depleted Sir2 during growth in rice cells, triggering host immunity and preventing infection. Overexpressing SIR2 in the Δupl3 mutant remediated pathogenicity. Our work reveals how redox‐responsive E3 ubiquitin ligases in M. oryzae mediate Sir2 accumulation‐dependent antioxidation to modulate plant innate immunity and host susceptibility.
Freehand Pedicle Screw Placement Using a Universal Entry Point and Sagittal and Axial Trajectory for All Subaxial Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbosacral Spines
Authors: Zhang Zheng‐feng 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveExisting techniques of freehand pedicle screw placement primarily focus on various entry points with or without axial trajectory. The objective of this paper is to propose a universal entry point and sagittal and axial trajectory for all subaxial cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spines freehand pedicle screw placements, and to report the results from a single‐surgeon clinical experience with freehand pedicle screw placement.MethodsTwo spine vertebrae specimens and 20 cases of three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of spine CT images were used for observation of the entry point and sagittal and axial trajectory. The author retrospectively reviewed a total of 610 consecutive patients who underwent open, freehand pedicle screw fixation using a universal entry point and sagittal and axial trajectory for all subaxial cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spine placements, during an 8‐year period from January 2010 to December 2017. The junction of the lateral margin of the superior articulating process and the transverse process for the thoracic and lumbosacral spines, or lateral mass for the subaxial cervical spine, was determined. The entry point was chosen at 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm (2 mm on average) caudally and medially to this junction for subaxial cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spines placements, respectively. Both sagittal and axial trajectories were perpendicular to the sagittal and axial planes of the laminae of the isthmus. Among them, 68 patients underwent postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, including 26 cervical cases, 19 scoliosis thoracic cases, 10 non‐scoliosis thoracic cases, 8 lumbar cases, and 5 sacral cases. Placements of pedicle screws were assessed using CT data and outcome‐based classifications systems.ResultsAfter placing the iron scurf at the junction of the lateral margin of the superior articulating process and the transverse process, the present universal entry point was located at 1 o'clock or 11 o'clock of the pedicle's axial view. After inserting the 2.5 mm Gram needle or the pedicle virtual pin tracts according to the entry point and sagittal and axial trajectory described above, the presented trajectory was located in the pedicle's axial trajectory as in the described technique. A total of 766 pedicle screws were placed in 68 CT scan patients with a 99% accuracy rate in the non‐kyphoscoliosis group and 92% in the kyphoscoliosis group.ConclusionsFreehand pedicle screw placement based on the universal entry point and sagittal and axial trajectory for all subaxial cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spines can be performed with acceptable safety and accuracy.
Early exposure to cats, dogs and farm animals and the risk of childhood asthma and allergy
Authors: Ojwang Vincent , Nwaru Bright I. , Takkinen Hanna‐Mari , Kaila Minna , Niemelä Onni , Haapala Anna‐Maija , Ilonen Jorma , Toppari Jorma , Hyöty Heikki , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael , Virtanen Suvi M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSynergistic role of exposure to cats, dogs, and farm animals during infancy on the risk of childhood asthma and allergy remains unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate independent and synergistic associations between exposure to indoor pets and farm animals during infancy and the risk of asthma and allergy by age 5.MethodsWe studied 3781 children participating in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Nutrition Study. At age 5, a validated version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was administered to collect information on asthma and allergic disease, and exposure to indoor pets and farm animals during the first year of life. Allergen‐specific IgE antibodies were analyzed from serum samples. Statistical analyses employed Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression.ResultsHaving a dog in the house was inversely associated with the risk of asthma (HR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38‐0.96), allergic rhinitis (OR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53‐0.97), and atopic sensitization (OR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63‐0.96). Having a cat was associated with a decreased risk of atopic eczema (OR 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.92). Farm animals were neither independently nor in synergy with indoor pets associated with the outcomes.ConclusionHaving a dog or cat in the house during the first year of life may protect against childhood asthma and allergy. We did not find a synergistic association between cat, dog, and farm animal exposure on the risk of childhood asthma and allergy. Future research should identify specific causative exposures conferred by indoor pets and whether they could be recommended for allergy prevention.
Risk factors for fungal infection in extremely low birthweight infants registered in the Korean neonatal network from 2013 to 2015: Male sex and hypotension
Authors: Jung Yu Jin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn Korea, improvement in the survival rates of extremely low birthweight (<1,000 g) infants has led to neonatal infection, especially fungal infection (FI), in the neonatal intensive care unit. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for FI by analyzing the incidence of FI in extremely low birthweight infants in Korea.MethodsData from 5,320 very low birthweight (<1,500 g) infants registered from 2013 to 2015 in the Korean Neonatal Network were analyzed. The infants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of FI.ResultsAmong infants, 1,524 with gestational ages of <27 weeks and birthweights of <1,000 g were included. The incidence of FI was 7.3% (111/1,524) and mortality of the infants with FI was 40% (44/111). The mean gestational age of infants with FI was 24.8 ± 1.0 weeks, which was significantly lower than those without FI. After logistic regression, being male, and having hypotension within 7 days of birth were independent risk factors for FI. Moreover, hypotension was strongly associated with mortality in FI. Adverse outcomes such as severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bacteremia, and abnormal hearing test occurred more frequently in infants with FI than non‐FI.ConclusionsAs male sex and hypotension within 7 days of birth increased the risk of developing FI in infants with gestational ages of <27 weeks and birthweights of <1,000 g, preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of FI are required for infants with risk factors for the development of FI.
Black Judaism(s) and the Hebrew Israelites
Authors: Miller Michael T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article looks at the field of Black Judaism, with a view to understanding how scholars articulate the distinction between Black Judaism and the Hebrew Israelite movement. The Hebrew Israelites are an autonomous African American movement who identify themselves as descendants of the Israelites and some of whom self‐identify as Jews, probably originating in the late 19th‐century American South. Although scholars have been working on this area for three generations, there is still little agreement and yet the implications of whether and where lines are drawn are important to understand; they go to the heart of personal identities and investments.
Caring ethics as the foundation for cultural competence: views of health professionals working in student healthcare context
Authors: Hemberg Jessica 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundCultural competence is recognised as a leading component in the delivery of high‐quality health care. However, a lack of concept clarity has led to lower quality and less effective healthcare provision for culturally diverse groups. Understanding of cultural competence in a healthcare context will be improved through the exploration of health professionals’ perceptions of the matter.AimThe aim of this study was to explore health professionals’ perceptions of cultural competence in a student healthcare context.MethodologyThe material consists of texts from interviews with ten health professionals in a student healthcare context. A hermeneutical approach was used, and the method was inspired by content analysis.FindingsOne main theme and four subthemes were seen. The main theme was ‘Caring ethics as the foundation for enabling cultural competence’, and the subthemes were ‘Cultural competence as knowledge and acting accordingly with open‐mindedness and respect’, ‘Cultural competence as being willing to understand and learn through a process’, ‘cultural competence as responsiveness and adaptability’ and ‘Cultural competence as humility and discretion’.ConclusionEthics can be considered a core component of cultural competence in student healthcare. In further research, a focus should be placed on cultural competence as perceived from other (e.g. students’) perspectives.
ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY OF ERO DAM FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSE
Authors: Omofunmi Olorunwa Eric , Fasiku Folasade Atinuade , Ogunleye Kayode Samuel 
Published: December 2019

The physicochemical parameters of surface water surface of Ero Dam for irrigation were assessed. Water samples were selected from three locations (upstream, downstream and control). Tested parameters for water samples are pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), carbonate (C03-), bicarbonate (HC03-), boron (B), sulphate (S042-), nitrate (NO3-N) and phosphate (PO4-P). The samples were determined in accordance with the American Public Health Association standards. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Evaluation of surface water quality of Ero Dam was carried out using different irrigation indices methods such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), sodium percentage (Na %), potential salinity (PS), The Soluble sodium percentage (SSP), Kelly ratio (KR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and permeability index (PI) and compared with standard limits. The findings indicated that the concentrations of the Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, C03-, HC03-, B, S042-, NO3-N and PO4-P were within the acceptance limits for irrigation purposes except K+ that above the limits specified. Results indicated that majority, 87.5% of irrigation indices fall under excellent or suitable and classified as salinity (C1) and SAR (S1) which was known as (CISI). Hence, there are none degree of restriction in the application Ero Dam water quality for irrigation. Therefore, the results were concluded, that the study area surface water quality was suitable for irrigation.
Stability and Hopf Bifurcation of a Fractional-Order Food Chain Model With Disease and Two Delays
Authors: Wang Xinhe , Wang Zhen , Shen Xiao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, a fractional-order food chain model with disease and two delays is proposed. The existence conditions for a positive equilibrium point are given, and the stability conditions without the effects of delays are established. The effects of a single time delay and two time delays are discussed, the bifurcation and stability criteria are obtained, and the bifurcation points are calculated. To support the theoretical analysis, numerical simulations are presented.
A Transformational Coaching Workshop for Changing Youth Sport Coaches’ Behaviors: A Pilot Intervention Study
Authors: Lawrason Sarah , Turnnidge Jennifer , Martin Luc J. , Côté Jean 
Published: December 2019

To maximize the effectiveness of coach development, educational programs should target coaches’ interpersonal behaviors, be informed by behavior-change techniques, and incorporate comprehensive evaluation procedures. Thus, informed by the full-range leadership model (see Bass and Riggio in 2006) and the Behaviour Change Wheel (see Michie et al. in 2011), Turnnidge and Côté in 2017 developed the Transformational Coaching Workshop (TCW). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the TCW’s effectiveness through observation before and after coaches’ workshop participation. Participants included 8 male head coaches of youth soccer teams. Systematic observation and coding using the Coach Leadership Assessment System were employed pre- and postworkshop to examine coaches’ leadership behaviors. Coaches made improvements in the types of leadership behaviors used and how they were conveyed. This study demonstrates that systematic observation can be implemented to explore real-world changes in behaviors. Future research should examine the impact of the TCW on athlete outcomes.
Evolution of the Yangtze River network, southeastern Tibet: Insights from thermochronology and sedimentology
Authors: Gourbet Loraine , Yang Rong , Fellin Maria Giuditta , Paquette Jean-Louis , Willett Sean D. , Gong JunFeng , Maden Colin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We performed apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He dating on a granitic pluton that has been offset by ∼10 km by motion on the sinistral strike-slip Xiangcheng fault in SW Sichuan, SE Tibetan plateau, where the Shuoqu River incises a deep valley before joining the upper Yangtze River. Mean ZHe cooling ages range from 49.5 ± 2.2 Ma to 68.6 ± 6.0 Ma. Samples located above 3870 m yield mean apatite (U-Th)/He ages ranging from 30.6 ± 1.4 Ma to 40.6 ± 2.7 Ma, whereas samples at lower elevations range from 9.8 ± 1.3 Ma to 14.6 ± 2.7 Ma. In the same region, Cenozoic continental sediments are exposed on the flanks of deep valleys. They consist of unsorted conglomerates and sandstones that partly fill a paleotopography. The sediments were deposited during an episode of rapid sedimentation, followed by incision that varies between 0.5 and 1.2 km. Thermal and exhumational modeling of the granite thermochronometric data indicates rapid cooling during the middle Miocene that was likely related to fluvial incision. Our findings suggest that the upper Yangtze River and its tributary (Shuoqu) were connected by the middle Miocene. Our modeling also supports the idea that the exhumation pattern during the Cenozoic in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is spatially and temporally heterogeneous.
Developing priorities to achieve health equity through diabetes translation research: a concept mapping study
Authors: Phad Allison , Johnston Shelly , Tabak Rachel G , Mazzucca Stephanie , Haire-Joshu Debra 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionThe goal of diabetes translation research is to advance research into practice and ensure equitable benefit from scientific evidence. This study uses concept mapping to inform and refine future directions of diabetes translation research with the goal of achieving health equity in diabetes prevention and control.Research design and methodsThis study used concept mapping and input from a national network of diabetes researchers and public health practitioners. Concept mapping is a mixed-method, participant-based process. First, participants generated statements by responding to a focus prompt (“To eliminate disparities and achieve health equity in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, research should…”). Participants then sorted statements by conceptual similarity and rated each statement on importance and feasibility (Likert scale of 1–5). A cluster map was created using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis; statements were plotted by average importance and feasibility.ResultsTen clusters were identified containing between 6 and 12 statements from 95 total generated statements. The ranges of average importance and feasibility ratings for clusters were fairly high and narrow (3.62–4.09; 3.10–3.93, respectively). Clusters with the most statements in the “go-zone” quadrant (above average importance/feasibility) werecommunity and partner engagement(n=7),dissemination and implementation principles(n=4), andenrichment and capacity building(n=4). Clusters with the most statements in the “innovative-targets” quadrant (above average importance, below average feasibility) includednext generation interventions(n=6),policy approaches(n=4), andinterventions for specific populations(n=4).ConclusionsThis study created a framework of 10 priority areas to guide current and future efforts in diabetes translation research to achieve health equity. Themes rated as highly important and feasible provide the basis to evaluate current research support. Future efforts should explore how to best support innovative-targets, those rated highly important but less feasible.