bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How generative AI Is shaping the future of marketing
Authors: Grewal Dhruv , Satornino Cinthia B. , Davenport Thomas , Guha Abhijit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGenerative AI (Gen AI) is shaping the future of marketing. In the next decade, Gen AI will influence how marketers interact and communicate with customers, help create and deliver marketing content (text, images, and video), and inform methods for researching and developing new products and services. In both service and sales settings, Gen AI will affect customers directly and significantly. Therefore, marketers, researchers, and public policy makers require a clear understanding of Gen AI and its potential, as well as its limitations. To assist marketers in thinking through the adoption and implementation of Gen AI, the current article presents a four-quadrant organizing framework that highlights trade-offs in both the nature of Gen AI inputs and the extent of human augmentation needed to deliver Gen AI–generated outputs. This framework provides guidance for the selection and implementation of Gen AI tools, as well as recommendations for further research.
Tidal Flooding Contributes to Eutrophication: Constraining Nonpoint Source Inputs to an Urban Estuary Using a Data-Driven Statistical Model
Authors: Macías-Tapia Alfonso , Mulholland Margaret R. , Selden Corday R. , Clayton Sophie , Bernhardt Peter W. , Allen Thomas R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In coastal urban areas, tidal flooding brings water carrying nutrients and particles back from land to estuarine and coastal waters. A statistical model to predict nutrient loads during tidal flooding events can help estimate nutrient loading from previous and future flooding events and adapt nutrient reduction strategies. We measured concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in floodwater at seven sentinel sites during 15 tidal flooding events from January 2019 to September 2020. The study area was the Lafayette River watershed in Norfolk, VA, USA, which is prone to tidal flooding and is predicted to experience more frequent and intense flooding in the future. We calculated the difference in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (ΔDIN) or phosphorus (ΔDIP) concentrations between floodwater and those measured in the estuary prior to tidal flooding for each sentinel site and flooding event. We calculated the correlations between ΔDIN and ΔDIP with corresponding data on precipitation, wind, flooding intensity, average estuarine nutrient concentrations, population density, income, land elevation, land use, and land coverage. Using the variables with the highest R
2 values for the linear regression with either ΔDIN or ΔDIP, we built multi-variable random forest regression models. ΔDIN showed the strongest correlations with floodwater nutrient concentrations, water level, and water temperature. ΔDIP also had a strong correlation with floodwater nutrient concentrations and water temperature, but had also a strong correlation wind speed. Models indicated that inputs per flooding event ranged from − 5000 to 7500 kg N, for DIN, while those for DIP ranged from 2000 to 23,000 kg P, with net inputs of > 5000 kg N and > 100,000 kg P, respectively. Removing the dissolved nutrient concentration in floodwater variables from the models, we were able to calculate loads from events that occurred all the way back to 1946. Predicted DIN load per single flooding event ranged from ~ 0 to 1.5 × 105 kg N and showed a significant linear regression with time. Predicted DIP load estimates per single flooding event ranged from >  − 1.0 × 105 to < 1.5 × 105 kg P, with a significant positive trend over time. The positive trend in these load values over time shows that they have and will continue to be an increasing problem for the water quality of the local water systems. These results indicate that further action should be taken to control the input of dissolved nutrients during tidal flooding events in urban coastal areas.
Integration of LGBTI in India: Analyzing the Ripple of Economic Development
Authors: Chawla Kanika , K. Nilavathy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study analyzed the relationship between the social inclusion of LGBTI people and economic development. In this study, we have observed HDI and GDP per capita (PPP) in association with the LGBT + Rights and Inclusion Index for India from 1990 to 2022. The index accounts for microeconomic effects, whereas the controls account for the overall impact on the macroeconomic level.

Methods
We employ an OLS and robust least squares approach, in conjunction with the author’s developed “Inclusion Index” dataset, to examine the integration of LGBTI individuals into the Indian economy.

Results
India’s Inclusion Index scores 0.51 out of 1. Further, our study finds that an additional point on the LGBT + Rights scale of legal rights is associated with an increase in GDP per capita (PPP) of approximately $668 and a 0.035 increase in HDI value. Additionally, integrating the LGBTI community into the health, education, personal safety, and violence aspects of the Inclusion Index increases the GDP per capita (PPP) by about 0.608%, according to the approximation.

Conclusions
Combining the in-depth, subjective information on the actual experiences of LGBTI individuals with the broader statistical modeling leads to a compatible outcome—there exists an apparent relationship between LGBTI inclusiveness and the development of the economy.
Policy Implications.
By promoting LGBTI inclusivity on the microeconomic spectrum, specifically through the Inclusion Index’s dimensions, we can foster wholesome inclusivity that aligns with the macroeconomic spectrum, particularly the variables examined in the study.
Automating Racism: Is Use of the Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Calculator Associated with Inequity in Perinatal Service Delivery?
Authors: Rubashkin Nicholas , Asiodu Ifeyinwa V. , Vedam Saraswathi , Sufrin Carolyn , Kuppermann Miriam , Adams Vincanne 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective
The clinical application of race-adjusted algorithms may perpetuate health inequities. We assessed the impact of the vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) calculator, which was revised in 2021 to address concerns about equity. The original algorithm factored race and ethnicity and gave lower VBAC probabilities to Black and Hispanic patients.

Methods
From 2019 to 2020, we conducted a multi-site, ethnographic study consisting of interviews and audio recordings of 14 prenatal visits. We used grounded theory to describe the social processes of racialization.
Findings.
Across 4 sites, 12 obstetricians, 5 midwives, and 31 pregnant/postpartum patients participated. Seventy-four percent (N = 23) of the pregnant/postpartum individuals identified as racially minoritized, and the remaining 24% (N = 8) identified as White. We identified four processes that facilitated the “automation” of racism: adhering to strict cutoffs; the routine adoption of calculators; obfuscating the calculator; and the reflexive categorization of race and ethnicity. When clinicians adhered to strict cutoffs, they steered low-scoring Black and Hispanic patients toward repeat cesareans. If clinicians obfuscated the calculator, Black and Hispanic patients had to work to decode the role of race and ethnicity in their probabilities in order to pursue a VBAC. By reflexively categorizing race and ethnicity, the use of the calculator forced patients to choose a singular identity, even if it obscured the truth about their multi-faceted race or ethnicity.

Conclusion
The VBAC calculator’s inclusion of race and ethnicity helped to automate racism by coding race into institutional practices and care interactions. This resulted in some clinicians discouraging or prohibiting Black and Hispanic patients from attempting a VBAC.

Significance
To date, no empiric study has examined whether the VBAC calculator produced inequities in access to VBAC services and reproduced racism in care. The VBAC calculator resulted in fewer VBAC attempts among racially minoritized patients, denying them the opportunity to undergo labor and a vaginal birthing experience.
Phase-space distribution and relaxation of fundamental plasma structures at kinetic scales
Authors: Yoon Young Dae 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAlthough equilibrium solutions of fundamental plasma structures such as current sheets and flux ropes have been extensively studied, they form in general from initially non-equilibrium states. Here, we summarize how non-equilibrium structures relax to an equilibrium in a collisionless manner at kinetic scales. Particle orbits in the underlying electromagnetic fields can be classified into distinct classes, which in turn leave corresponding footprints in phase-space. A linear Vlasov analysis shows that the structures respond in such a way that particle orbit class transitions are induced that pinch and heat the current sheet. These transitions are directly confirmed by tracking real-time particle trajectories in kinetic simulations of pinching non-equilibrium structures. The resultant kinetic equilibria are much more likely to be the underlying structures in various plasma phenomena, instead of idealized, Maxwellian equilibria such as the Harris sheet. Further implications are discussed.
InSAR Observations of Construction‐Induced Coastal Subsidence on Miami's Barrier Islands, Florida
Authors: Aziz Zanjani Farzaneh , Amelung Falk , Piter Andreas , Sobhan Khaled , Tavakkoliestahbanati Amin , Eberli Gregor P. , Haghighi Mahmud Haghshenas , Motagh Mahdi , Milillo Pietro , Mirzaee Sara , Nanni Antonio , Andiroglu Esber 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study utilizes Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to examine subsidence along the coastal strip of the Miami barrier islands from 2016 to 2023. Using Sentinel‐1 data, we document vertical displacements ranging from 2 to 8 cm, affecting a total of 35 coastal buildings and their vicinity. About half of the subsiding structures are younger than 2014 and at the majority of them subsidence decays with time. This correlation suggests that the subsidence is related to construction activities. In northern and central Sunny Isles Beach, where 23% of coastal structures were built during the last decade, nearly 70% are experiencing subsidence. The majority of the older subsiding structures show sudden onset or sudden acceleration of subsidence, suggesting that this is due to construction activities in their vicinity; we have identified subsidence at distance of 200 m, possibly up to 320 m, from construction sites. We attribute the observed subsidence to load‐induced, prolonged creep deformation of the sandy layers within the limestone, which is accelerated, if not instigated, by construction activities. Distant subsidence from a construction site could indicate extended sandy deposits. Anthropogenic and natural groundwater movements could also be driving the creep deformation. This study demonstrates that high‐rise construction on karstic barrier islands can induce creep deformation in sandy layer within the limestone succession persisting for a decade or longer. It showcases the potential of InSAR technology for monitoring both building settlement and structural stability.
System‐Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Mountain Reservoirs Draining Permafrost Catchments on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Stanley Emily H. , Rocher‐Ros Gerard , Dean Joshua F. , Li Dongfeng , Wang Qingrui , Zhang Ling , Shi Wenqing , Xie Tian , Xia Xinghui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReservoirs influence the global climate by exchanging greenhouse gases (GHGs) of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) with the atmosphere. Few studies, however, quantify emissions of all three GHGs from reservoirs, particularly in permafrost‐affected mountain regions where ecosystems are highly vulnerable to climate change. This study presents three‐year direct measurements of CO2, CH4, and N2O concentrations and fluxes upstream, within, and downstream from two reservoirs draining permafrost catchments on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, including periods of reservoir drawdown. Comparing GHG fluxes across space and time exhibits a general pattern of lower fluxes at the two reservoirs relative to up‐ and downstream channels. Ebullitive fluxes contributed to 36.7% and 9.4% of total CH4 and N2O fluxes, respectively. CO2 has no response to drawdown, but CH4 and N2O display synchronous drawdown‐associated increase within the reservoir, constituting 57.5% and 32.8% of the annual reservoir emissions in just 2 months, respectively. Riverine emissions from up‐ and downstream channels accounted for an outsized fraction (55.5% for CH4, 17.3% for CO2 and 16.5% for N2O) of the system‐wide GHG budget. Compared with global reservoirs, the two reservoirs have high CO2 and N2O but low CH4 fluxes in CO2 equivalents. Upscaling shows that the two reservoirs emit the same magnitude of carbon as thermokarst lakes, and four times higher N2O than Finnish lakes on an areal basis. This article shows that alpine reservoirs draining permafrost catchments are unrecognized atmospheric sources in current reservoir GHG inventories, but also emphasizes the importance of system‐wide emissions when assessing total GHG evasion from reservoir systems.
Removing Climatic Overprints in Sedimentary Cosmogenic Beryllium Records: Potentials and Limits
Authors: Savranskaia Tatiana , Egli Ramon , Simon Quentin , Valet Jean‐Pierre , Bassinot Franck , Thouveny Nicolas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContinuous reconstructions of past variations of the Earth's magnetic field are based mainly on paleomagnetic and cosmogenic 10Be records in marine sediments. In both cases, the recording mechanisms can be affected by environmental processes. Climatic overprints are only partially removed by normalization procedures, so that stacking is used to further remove site‐specific effects. Regionally or globally correlated artifacts, however, cannot be removed by stacking. Here we present a modified approach where geomagnetic records are complemented by environmental proxies representing processes that might affect the field recording mechanism. Geomagnetic and environmental records are jointly processed with principal component analysis to obtain a set of components supposed to represent true variations of the geomagnetic field and climatic overprints, respectively. After discussing the theoretical background of this new approach and its underlying assumptions, a practical example is presented, using a worst‐case scenario based on a single 10Be record from the North Atlantic with strong climatic overprints, covering the last 600 ka. The first two principal components, which represent the modulation of 10Be by global climatic variations and by the geomagnetic field, respectively, explain 66.3% of the signal variance. Comparison of the geomagnetic principal component with global relative paleointensity stacks shows that the original climatic overprint can be reduced by a factor of 2, outperforming a 10Be/9Be stack obtained from two sites with little glacial‐interglacial variability. The proposed method for removing climatic overprints can be applied to multiple sites more efficiently than conventional stacking.
A Spectral Directors Method for Modeling the Coupled Evolution of Flow and CPO in Polycrystalline Olivine
Authors: Rathmann Nicholas M. , Mosegaard Klaus , Bekkevold Ivanka M. O. , Lilien David A. , Prior David J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of polycrystalline olivine affects both the viscous and seismic anisotropy of Earth's upper mantle with wide geodynamical implications. In this methods paper, we present a continuous field formulation of the popular directors method for modeling the strain‐induced evolution of olivine CPOs, assuming the activation of a single preferred crystal slip system. The formulation reduces the problem of CPO evolution to a linear matrix problem that can easily be integrated alongside large‐scale geodynamical flow models, and conveniently minimizes the degrees of freedom necessary to represent CPO fields. We validate the CPO model against existing deformation experiments and naturally deformed samples, as well as the popular discrete grain model D‐Rex. A numerical model of viscoplastic thermal convection is built to illustrate how flow and CPO evolution may be two‐way coupled, suggesting that CPO‐induced viscous anisotropy does not necessarily strongly affect convection time scales, boundary (lid) stresses, and seismic anisotropy, compared to isotropic viscoplastic rheologies. As a consequence, geodynamical modeling that relies on an isotropic rheology (one‐way coupling) might suffice for predicting seismic anisotropy under some circumstances. Finally, we discuss limitations and shortcomings of our method, such as representing D‐ and E‐type fabrics or modeling flows with mixed fabric types, and potential improvements such as accounting for the effect of dynamic recrystallization.
Acceleration of Warming, Deoxygenation, and Acidification in the Arabian Gulf Driven by Weakening of Summer Winds
Authors: Lachkar Z. , Mehari M. , Paparella F. , Burt J. A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Arabian Gulf (AG) exports hypersaline, dense waters into the Sea of Oman (SOO), replaced by fresher inflowing surface waters from the Indian Ocean. We investigate the impact of recent AG warming on its exchange with the SOO and the implications this has on the AG biogeochemistry. Using an eddy‐resolving hindcast model simulation, we analyze the hydrography and biogeochemistry of the AG and the SOO from 1980 to 2018. Our study reveals that changes in summer surface winds have accelerated AG warming and weakened it in the SOO, reducing the density gradient and water exchange between the two seas during late summer. This has led to nutrient buildup, increased productivity, and heightened deoxygenation and acidification in the AG. These findings underscore how subtle wind changes can exacerbate the vulnerability of marginal seas to climate change and stress the need to properly represent regional winds in global climate models.
Changes in the Frequency of Observed Temperature Extremes Largely Driven by a Distribution Shift
Authors: Patel Ronak N. , Bonan David B. , Schneider Tapio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExtreme heat poses significant threats to human life and ecosystems. Quantifying the effects of anthropogenic climate change on extreme heat has remained challenging, in part due to the short observational record. Here, we isolate the most slowly varying component of the frequency at which the historical 90th and 99th percentiles were exceeded in observational records from 1955 to 2021 by using a statistical method called low‐frequency component analysis. The emerging spatiotemporal signal in the changing frequency of temperature extremes can be attributed to a shift of the temperature distribution by local warming of the annual‐mean daily maximum temperature. The shift explains over 80% of the interannual variability in the frequency at which the historical 90th percentile is exceeded in the tropics and up to 50% in higher latitudes. This work connects variability in the frequency of extreme surface temperatures to variability in mean local warming.
Comparisons of Energetic Electron Observations Between FIREBIRD‐II CubeSats and POES/MetOp Satellites From 2018 to 2020
Authors: Householder I. M. , Duderstadt K. A. , Pettit J. M. , Johnson A. T. , Huang C.‐L. , Crew A. B. , Klumpar D. M. , Raeder T. , Sample J. G. , Shumko M. , Smith S. S. , Spence H. E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrecipitation into the atmosphere is one of the main processes by which high energy electrons trapped in Earth's inner magnetosphere are lost from the system. Precipitating electrons can affect the chemical composition of the atmosphere and provide insight into the complex dynamics of the Van Allen radiation belts. This study compares energetic electron precipitation measurements at low‐Earth‐orbit by the Focused Investigations of Relativistic Electron Burst Intensity, Range, and Dynamics (FIREBIRD‐II) CubeSats with NOAA Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) and ESA Meteorological Operational satellite (MetOp) satellites, which are equipped with the Medium‐Energy Proton Electron Detector (MEPED). The analysis considers 51 high quality conjunction events at >300 keV during times of low to moderate geomagnetic activity. The spacecraft capture similar electron flux variability, and FIREBIRD‐II observations fall between POES/MetOp and telescopes, likely a result of FIREBIRD‐II sampling both precipitating and mirrored electrons due to uncertainties in pointing direction. Results demonstrate the value of high‐resolution differential energy observations of electron precipitation by low‐cost CubeSats such as FIREBIRD‐II, especially during periods of low flux.
Magnetic Fabric as a Marker of Thermal Maturity in Sedimentary Basins: A New Approach for Reconstructing the Tectono‐Thermal Evolution of Fold‐and‐Thrust‐Belts
Authors: Caricchi C. , Aldega L. , Sagnotti L. , Cifelli F. , Corrado S. , Mattei M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganic and inorganic paleothermal indicators (vitrinite reflectance‐ Ro%; illite content in mixed‐layer illite‐smectite‐ I% in I‐S) are routinely used to unravel the burial and tectonic evolution of fold‐and‐thrust belts by determining levels of thermal maturity of sedimentary successions and the amount of tectonic overburden currently eroded. However, the reliability of these reconstructions depends on the availability and quality of thermal indicators. We introduce the use of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) as an additional proxy for thermal maturity estimations in weakly deformed sedimentary successions. Using original and formerly published data from the Northern Apennines, we calibrate a quantitative relationship between the degree of AMS Foliation (ranging from 1.011 to 1.087) and the respective I% in I‐S and Ro% values. For the computed I% values from the I‐S versus F correlation, we recognize that F values ranging from 1 to 1.050 define the early diagenetic zone (I% in I‐S < 60), F values between 1.050 and 1.108 mark the late diagenetic zone (60 < I% in I‐S < 95), while F values > 1.108 indicate anchizone conditions (I% in I‐S > 95). The computed Ro% versus F correlation provides boundaries for the immature and mature stage of hydrocarbon (HC) generation (0.2 < Ro% < 0.8) with F = 1.055 indicating the transition from diagenesis (immature stage of HC generation) to catagenesis (mature stage of HC generation). The proposed model might serve as a tool for reconstructing the burial and thermal evolution of sedimentary units devoid of organic matter or in siliciclastic sediments consisting of a mixture of detrital and diagenetic minerals.