bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Fair Procedures Always Make a Difference
Authors: Crummey Conor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSection 31(2A) of the Senior Courts Act 1981 (as inserted by the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015) requires judges to refuse relief in judicial review of administrative decisions if it is ‘highly likely’ that the conduct complained of did not make a significant difference to the outcome of the decision. The strongest justification for this ‘Makes No Difference’ principle is provided by a ‘narrow instrumental view’ of fair procedures, according to which their value lies only in their producing the correct outcome. This conception of procedural fairness, however, is impoverished and flawed as a matter of political morality. Fair procedures reflect a conception of citizens as participants in their own governance and play an important communicative role in democratic legal orders. Inasmuch as it leaves no room for these aspects of the value of fair procedures, the Makes No Difference principle embodied in section 31(2A) is pro tanto unjust.
Development and validation of a nomogram prognostic model for patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus
Authors: Tang Jia‐Yu , Gao Hui‐Jiang , Shi Guo‐Dong , Guo Xiao‐Kang , Yu Wen‐Quan , Wang Hua‐Feng , Wei Yu‐Cheng 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic survival of patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus (NETTs), and to develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting the prognosis of patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database in the United States between 1988 and 2016. Cox scale risk regression analysis, the Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test were used to carry out the significance test to determine the independent prognostic factors, from which a nomogram for NETTs was established. C‐index and calibration curve were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model. External validation of the nomogram was performed using data from our center.ResultsA total of 254 patients with NETTs were collected in the SEER database. In the multivariable analysis, T stage, tumor grade, surgery, and chemotherapy were found to be independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients (all P < 0.05). A nomogram model was constructed based on these variables, and its c‐index was 0.707 (0.661–0.752). The c‐index results showed that the nomogram model had better authentication capability than the eighth edition of the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system and Masaoka‐Koga (MK) staging system. The calibration curve showed that the model could accurately predict patient prognosis.ConclusionsThe study established a nomogram model that predicted the overall survival rate of one‐, three‐ and five‐years, and used the survival prediction model to optimize individualized therapy and prognostic follow‐up through risk stratification.
Hypoxemia following hospital discharge after fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty – A prospective observational study subanalysis
Authors: Luna I. E. , Kehlet H. , Olsen R. M. , Wede H. R. , Hoevsgaard S. J. , Aasvang E. K. 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPost‐operative hypoxemia is prevalent in hospitalized patients and may adversely affect recovery. However, little data exist on the post‐discharge phase or details on duration, severity and potential risk factors. Thus, we investigated the incidence and risk factors for severe desaturation during the first post‐operative week after THA/TKA by continuous nocturnal oxygen saturation monitoring.MethodsThe study was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of 112 patients undergoing fast‐track THA/TKA. Patients with known sleep apnoea were excluded. Oxygen saturation and heart rate were recorded by a wireless wrist‐worn pulse oximeter 2 nights before and 7 nights after surgery. Data on demographics, opioid consumption and cognitive function were collected from medical charts, patient diaries and clinical testing respectively. The primary outcome was occurrence of severe desaturation defined as periods with saturation <85% lasting ≥10 minutes. Secondary outcomes included description of various saturation levels and relevant risk factors.ResultsSevere oxygen desaturation occurred in 35% of the patients during the first post‐operative week. Duration and severity of hypoxemic episodes increased after the first post‐operative day. Pre‐operative episodes of hypoxemia significantly increased the risk of post‐operative hypoxemic events (OR 2.4‐4.4, CI 0.4‐46), while pre‐ and post‐operative opioid use, age, gender, ASA classification, type of surgery or anaesthesia were significantly related to the development of post‐operative hypoxemia.ConclusionsOne third of the patients suffered from increased and prolonged episodes of severe nocturnal hypoxemia during the first week after THA/TKA discharge. Increased risk for severe hypoxemic episodes was related to pre‐operative hypoxemia.
The neuroleptic malignant syndrome—a systematic case series analysis focusing on therapy regimes and outcome
Authors: Kuhlwilm L. , Schönfeldt‐Lecuona C. , Gahr M. , Connemann B. J. , Keller F. , Sartorius A. 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare, potentially life‐threatening antipsychotic‐associated disorder that requires an efficient and timely therapy. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of different NMS therapies and to analyze its outcome depending on NMS severity.MethodSystematic search for NMS cases in biomedical databases. The focus of the analysis was on therapy with dantrolene, bromocriptine, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) when each was compared with symptomatic therapy. Primary outcomes were the survival rate and the duration of treatment.Result405 case reports were included. Overall, no statistically significant differences regarding mortality rate or duration of treatment were found between dantrolene, bromocriptine, or ECT compared to supportive care. A subgroup analysis regarding NMS severity showed that the mortality under specific NMS pharmacotherapy (dantrolene, bromocriptine) and under ECT was significantly lower than under purely symptomatic therapy in severe NMS (P = 0.018). The difference was not significant in mild and moderate cases.DiscussionAn overall superiority of the specific NMS therapy (dantrolene, bromocriptine, and ECT) was not found in this study. When regarding severity classification, specific therapies were superior but only in severe cases, and ECT showed the lowest mortality rate. In previous case series, an effect on survival or the duration of the disease could only be observed in part for specific therapies, but the evidence available is inconsistent. The results of this study support our hypothesis that NMS treatment with dantrolene, bromocriptine, and ECT is advantageous over purely symptomatic therapy in severe NMS cases.
Disruption of relapse to alcohol seeking by aversive counterconditioning following memory retrieval
Authors: Goltseker Koral , Handrus Hen , Barak Segev 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRelapse to alcohol abuse is often caused by exposure to potent alcohol‐associated cues. Therefore, disruption of the cue‐alcohol memory can prevent relapse. It is believed that memories destabilize and become prone for updating upon their reactivation through retrieval and then restabilize within 6 h during a “reconsolidation” process. We recently showed that relapse to cocaine seeking in a place‐conditioning paradigm could be prevented by counterconditioning the cocaine cues with aversive outcomes following cocaine‐memory retrieval. However, to better model addiction‐related behaviors, self‐administration models are necessary. Here, we demonstrate that relapse to alcohol seeking can be prevented by aversive counterconditioning conducted during alcohol‐memory reconsolidation, in the place conditioning and operant self‐administration paradigms, in mice and rats, respectively. We found that the reinstatement of alcohol‐conditioned place preference was abolished only when aversive counterconditioning with water flooding was given shortly after alcohol‐memory retrieval. Furthermore, rats trained to lever press for alcohol showed decreased context‐induced renewal of alcohol‐seeking responding when the lever pressing was punished with foot‐shocks, shortly, but not 6 h, after memory retrieval. These results suggest that aversive counterconditioning can prevent relapse to alcohol seeking only when performed during alcohol‐memory reconsolidation, presumably by updating, or replacing, the alcohol memory with aversive information. Finally, we found that aversive counterconditioning preceded by alcohol‐memory retrieval was characterized by the upregulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA expression in the medial prefrontal cortex, suggesting that BDNF may play a role in the memory updating process.
Seminal plasma contains TGF‐β and CXCL10 but sperm washing before cryopreservation is beneficial for post‐thawing sperm motility in Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Das Ankon , Uddin AHM Musleh , Uddin Md Bashir , Rahman Abu Nasar Md. Aminoor , Hossain Mohammed Kawser , Atikuzzaman Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProblemArtificial insemination, which requires cryopreservation of semen, is not completely optimized in goats because bucks discharge a small volume of ejaculate and seminal plasma (SP) contains specific proteins that are detrimental to spermatozoa at cryopreservation. However, it is not known the effects of sperm washing (removal of SP) before cryopreservation on the post‐thawing frozen spermatozoa of Black Bengal bucks. Moreover, it is completely unknown whether SP of goats contains TGF‐β and CXCL10 that have been proven essential for fertility in other mammals.MethodsThirty‐five ejaculates were collected from six mature Black Bengal bucks at one‐week intervals and were subjected to microscopic evaluation for semen characteristics at pre‐ and post‐freezing condition. The concentrations of TGF‐β and CXCL10 in the SP using ELISA were determined. SP was harvested with centrifugation of fresh semen at 1500 g for 15 minutes twice at room temperature.ResultsSemen characteristics were significantly varied between bucks. Seminal plasma of all ejaculates contained TGF‐β and CXCL10 while significant variation of concentrations between bucks was observed in case of CXCL10. Cryopreservation of semen reduced total motility and progressive motility, while sperm washing before cryopreservation was beneficial to the total motility and progressive motility of post‐thawing spermatozoa.ConclusionBlack Bengal buck seminal plasma was affluent of TGF‐β and CXCL10 and washing of spermatozoa before cryopreservation was beneficial to the post‐thawing sperm motility. The results of the current investigation will be helpful for future research on the roles of SP in female reproductive tract and pregnancy in Black Bengal goats.
Variable selection for first‐order Poisson integer‐valued autoregressive model with covariables
Authors: Wang Xinyang 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn recent years, modelling count data has become one of the most important and popular topics in time‐series analysis. At the same time, variable selection methods have become widely used in many fields as an effective statistical modelling tool. In this paper, we consider using a variable selection method to solve a modelling problem regarding the first‐order Poisson integer‐valued autoregressive (PINAR(1)) model with covariables. The PINAR(1) model with covariables is widely used in many areas because of its practicality. When using this model to deal with practical problems, multiple covariables are added to the model because it is impossible to know in advance which covariables will affect the results. But the inclusion of some insignificant covariables is almost impossible to avoid. Unfortunately, the usual estimation method is not adequate for the task of deleting the insignificant covariables that cause statistical inferences to become biased. To overcome this defect, we propose a penalised conditional least squares (PCLS) method, which can consistently select the true model. The PCLS estimator is also provided and its asymptotic properties are established. Simulation studies demonstrate that the PCLS method is effective for estimation and variable selection. One practical example is also presented to illustrate the practicability of the PCLS method.
Letter: moderate levels of serum hepatitis B virus DNA alone are not associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Kumar Karan , Mishra Manjul 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kim et al and Kim and Lim papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15725 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15881.
Letter: choosing between ustekinumab and vedolizumab in anti‐TNF refractory Crohn’s disease—the devil is in the detail
Authors: Srinivasan Ashish , De Cruz Peter , van Langenberg Daniel R. 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Alric et al papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15706 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15888.
Letter: liver disease and COVID‐19—not the perfect storm. Authors' reply”
Authors: Garrido Isabel , Liberal Rodrigo , Macedo Guilherme 
Published: July 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Garrido et al and Nathwani et al papers. To view these articles, visit
https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15813 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15872.
Comparative safety and effectiveness of vedolizumab to tumour necrosis factor antagonist therapy for Crohn's disease
Authors: Bohm Matthew , Xu Ronghui , Zhang Yiran , Varma Sashidhar , Fischer Monika , Kochhar Gursimran , Boland Brigid , Singh Siddharth , Hirten Robert , Ungaro Ryan , Shmidt Eugenia , Lasch Karen , Jairaith Vipul , Hudesman David , Chang Shannon , Lukin Dana , Swaminath Arun , Sands Bruce E. , Colombel Jean‐Frederic , Kane Sunanda , Loftus Edward V. , Shen Bo , Siegel Corey A. , Sandborn William J. , Dulai Parambir S. ,   the VICTORY Collaboration
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundDirect comparisons are lacking between vedolizumab and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐antagonist therapy in Crohn's disease (CD).AimTo compare safety and effectiveness of vedolizumab and TNF‐antagonist therapy in adult CD patients.MethodsRetrospective observational cohort (May 2014–December 2017) propensity score‐weighted comparison of vedolizumab vs TNF‐antagonist therapy (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab) in CD. Propensity scores were weighted for age, prior treatments, disease complications, extent and severity, steroid dependence, and concomitant immunosuppressive drug use. The primary outcome was comparative risk for infections or non‐infectious serious adverse events (requiring antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, hospitalisation, or treatment discontinuation, or resulting in death). Secondary comparative effectiveness outcomes were clinical remission (resolution of CD‐related symptoms), steroid‐free clinical remission and endoscopic remission (absence of ulcers/erosions).ResultsWe included 1266 patients (n = 659 vedolizumab). Rates of non‐infectious serious adverse events (odds ratio [OR] 0.072, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.012‐0.242), but not serious infections (OR 1.183, 95% CI 0.786‐1.795), were significantly lower with vedolizumab vs TNF‐antagonist therapy. Safety comparisons for non‐infectious serious adverse events remained significant after adjusting for differences in duration of exposure. No significant difference was observed between vedolizumab and TNF‐antagonist therapy for clinical remission (hazard ratio [HR] 0.932, 95% CI 0.707‐1.228), steroid‐free clinical remission (HR 1.250, 95% CI 0.677‐2.310) or endoscopic remission (HR 0.827, 95% CI 0.595‐1.151). TNF‐antagonist therapy was associated with higher treatment persistence compared with vedolizumab.ConclusionsThere was a lower risk of non‐infectious serious adverse events, but not serious infections, with vedolizumab vs TNF‐antagonist therapy, with no significant difference for achieving disease remission.
Handheld methods in archaeological research on large copper alloy assemblages: HH‐XRF against HH‐LIBS
Authors: Wallace S. , Smith N. , Nerantzis N. 
Published: July 2020

When alloy composition information is sought across a single large artefact assemblage, how well do handheld methods solve the problem of museum environments which restrict the movement of artefacts and destructive sampling, and which have limited in‐house technical resources? The usefulness of relatively low‐cost handheld analytical instruments still needs evaluating in such arenas. The potential advantages which handheld laser‐induced breakdown spectrometry (HH‐LIBS), with its affordability, speed and micro‐destructive corrosion‐penetrating ability, might offer over handheld X‐ray fluorescence (HH‐XRF)/portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) in large intra‐assemblage comparisons of broad copper alloy composition were examined and reported on by the present study (tin and lead being the elements of interest). The context was an archaeological study in a major Greek museum, aimed at exploring the social and economic significance of alloying choice at a single large representative site of the Bronze–Iron transition, c.1200 bc. Archaeological interpretations are presented in another paper, with the alloying patterns/choices identified only being outlined in the present paper. The results of the methods comparison described suggest that HH‐LIBS has potential, but that HH‐XRF, despite its variable limitations in relation to penetrating corrosion (discussed here), is still the most reliable method for work in such circumstances.
How patients in Denmark acquire their medicines: overview, data sources and implications for pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Jensen Thomas B. , Andersen Jon T. , Jimenez‐Solem Espen , Lund Marie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe means by which patients acquire their medications differ between countries, and a knowledge of this is essential when conducting and interpreting pharmacoepidemiological studies. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of how patients obtain medicines in Denmark, to relate these to nationwide registries available for research and to discuss the implications for research. Health services are predominantly tax‐funded in Denmark, with dentistry and some medicine bought at community pharmacies being exceptions, involving partial reimbursement of charges. The paper gives an overview of prescription medicines acquired from community pharmacies (including magistral preparations), over‐the‐counter medicines, vaccinations and in‐hospital medicine including so‐called “free medicine” (in Danish: “vederlagsfri medicin”). “Free medicine” is medicines for a defined list of diseases and indications that is provided free of charge to patients in outpatient clinics. The paper also describes the content of the various Danish data sources about medicine use, summarizes their strengths and limitations, and exemplifies the ways of evaluating their completeness. An example is provided of the regional variation in the means by which medicines are acquired.
DeepBRDF: A Deep Representation for Manipulating Measured BRDF
Authors: Hu Bingyang , Guo Jie , Chen Yanjun , Li Mengtian , Guo Yanwen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEffective compression of densely sampled BRDF measurements is critical for many graphical or vision applications. In this paper, we present DeepBRDF, a deep‐learning‐based representation that can significantly reduce the dimensionality of measured BRDFs while enjoying high quality of recovery. We consider each measured BRDF as a sequence of image slices and design a deep autoencoder with a masked L2 loss to discover a nonlinear low‐dimensional latent space of the high‐dimensional input data. Thorough experiments verify that the proposed method clearly outperforms PCA‐based strategies in BRDF data compression and is more robust. We demonstrate the effectiveness of DeepBRDF with two applications. For BRDF editing, we can easily create a new BRDF by navigating on the low‐dimensional manifold of DeepBRDF, guaranteeing smooth transitions and high physical plausibility. For BRDF recovery, we design another deep neural network to automatically generate the full BRDF data from a single input image. Aided by our DeepBRDF learned from real‐world materials, a wide range of reflectance behaviors can be recovered with high accuracy.
Unified Neural Encoding of BTFs
Authors: Rainer Gilles , Ghosh Abhijeet , Jakob Wenzel , Weyrich Tim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRealistic rendering using discrete reflectance measurements is challenging, because arbitrary directions on the light and view hemispheres are queried at render time, incurring large memory requirements and the need for interpolation. This explains the desire for compact and continuously parametrized models akin to analytic BRDFs; however, fitting BRDF parameters to complex data such as BTF texels can prove challenging, as models tend to describe restricted function spaces that cannot encompass real‐world behavior. Recent advances in this area have increasingly relied on neural representations that are trained to reproduce acquired reflectance data. The associated training process is extremely costly and must typically be repeated for each material. Inspired by autoencoders, we propose a unified network architecture that is trained on a variety of materials, and which projects reflectance measurements to a shared latent parameter space. Similarly to SVBRDF fitting, real‐world materials are represented by parameter maps, and the decoder network is analog to the analytic BRDF expression (also parametrized on light and view directions for practical rendering application). With this approach, encoding and decoding materials becomes a simple matter of evaluating the network. We train and validate on BTF datasets of the University of Bonn, but there are no prerequisites on either the number of angular reflectance samples, or the sample positions. Additionally, we show that the latent space is well‐behaved and can be sampled from, for applications such as mipmapping and texture synthesis.
Illumination‐Guided Furniture Layout Optimization
Authors: Vitsas N. , Papaioannou G. , Gkaravelis A. , Vasilakis A. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLighting plays a very important role in interior design. However, in the specific problem of furniture layout recommendation, illumination has been either neglected or addressed with empirical or very simplified solutions. The effectiveness of a particular layout in its expected task performance can be greatly affected by daylighting and artificial illumination in a non‐trivial manner. In this paper, we introduce a robust method for furniture layout optimization guided by illumination constraints. The method takes into account all dominant light sources, such as sun light, skylighting and fixtures, while also being able to handle movable light emitters. For this task, the method introduces multiple generic illumination constraints and physically‐based light transport estimators, operating alongside typical geometric design guidelines, in a unified manner. We demonstrate how to produce furniture arrangements that comply with important safety, comfort and efficiency illumination criteria, such as glare suppression, under complex light‐environment interactions, which are very hard to handle using empirical or simplified models.