bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Variation in Physicochemical Profiles and Bacterial Communities Associated with Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites and Larvae on Guadeloupe and French Guiana
Authors: Hery Lyza , Guidez Amandine , Durand Audrey-Anne , Delannay Christelle , Normandeau-Guimond Josiann , Reynaud Yann , Issaly Jean , Goindin Daniella , Legrave Grégory , Gustave Joel , Raffestin Stéphanie , Breurec Sebastien , Constant Philippe , Dusfour Isabelle , Guertin Claude , Vega-Rúa Anubis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAedes aegypti develop in aquatic habitats in which mosquito larvae are exposed to physicochemical elements and microorganisms that may influence their life cycle and their ability to transmit arboviruses. Little is known about the natural bacterial communities associated with A. aegypti or their relation to the biotic and abiotic characteristics of their aquatic habitats. We characterized the physicochemical properties and bacterial microbiota of A. aegypti breeding sites and larvae on Guadeloupe and in French Guiana. In addition, we explored whether geographic location, the type of breeding site and physicochemical parameters influenced the microbiota associated with this mosquito species. We used large-scale 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 160 breeding sites and 147 pools of A. aegypti larvae and recorded 12 physicochemical parameters at the sampled breeding sites. Ordination plots and multiple linear regression were used to assess the influence of environmental factors on the bacterial microbiota of water and larvae. We found territory-specific differences in physicochemical properties (dissolved oxygen, conductivity) and the composition of bacterial communities in A. aegypti breeding sites that influenced the relative abundance of several bacteria genera (e.g., Methylobacterium, Roseoccocus) on the corresponding larvae. A significant fraction of the bacterial communities identified on larvae, dominated by Herbiconiux and Microvirga genera, were consistently enriched in mosquitoes regardless the location. In conclusion, territory-specific differences observed in the biotic and abiotic properties of A. aegypti breeding sites raise concern about the impact of these changes on pathogen transmission by different A. aegypti populations.
Impact of metal ions on PCR inhibition and RT-PCR efficiency
Authors: Kuffel Agnieszka , Gray Alexander , Daeid Niamh Nic 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInhibition of PCR by metal ions can pose a serious challenge in the process of forensic DNA analysis. Samples contaminated with various types of metal ions encountered at crime scenes include swabs from metal surfaces such as bullets, cartridge casings, weapons (including guns and knives), metal wires and surfaces as well as bone samples which contain calcium. The mechanism behind the impact of metal ions on DNA recovery, extraction and subsequent amplification is not fully understood. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory effects of commonly encountered metals on DNA amplification. Of the nine tested metals, zinc, tin, iron(II) and copper were shown to have the strongest inhibitory properties having IC50 values significantly below 1 mM. In the second part of the study, three commercially available DNA polymerases were tested for their susceptibility to metal inhibition. We found that KOD polymerase was the most resistant to metal inhibition when compared with Q5 and Taq polymerase. We also demonstrate how the calcium chelator ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) can be used as an easy and non-destructive method of reversing calcium-induced inhibition of PCR reactions.
Analysis of Austrian COVID-19 deaths by age and sex
Authors: Posch Martin , Bauer Peter , Posch Alexander , König Franz 
Published: July 2020

SummaryWe analyze the age and sex distribution of the reported COVID-19 deaths in Austria. In accordance with international studies, the Austrian data also suggests that the risk of death increases substantially with age. The observed age dependency of the proportions of registered COVID-19 deaths in relation to the population sizes in the age groups is approximately exponential, similar to the age dependency of the general age specific mortality rate. Furthermore, we compare the general age specific mortality rate in Austria with the estimates of the SARS-CoV‑2 infection fatality rate by Ferguson et al. (2020). The parallels to the general age specific mortality rates do not imply that COVID-19 does not pose an additional risk. On the contrary, it follows from the structure and magnitude of the infection fatality rate that it is substantial, especially for higher age groups. However, since in many cases persons with severe pre-existing conditions are affected, it is not yet possible to estimate what effects COVID-19 will have on life expectancy.
Recommendations for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wiedemann Dominik , Bernardi Martin H. , Distelmaier Klaus , Goliasch Georg , Hengstenberg Christian , Hermann Alexander , Holzer Michael , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Klepetko Walter , Lang György , Lassnigg Andrea , Laufer Günther , Magnet Ingrid A. M. , Markstaller Klaus , Röggla Martin , Rössler Bernhard , Schellongowski Peter , Simon Paul , Tschernko Edda , Ullrich Roman , Zimpfer Daniel , Staudinger Thomas ,   COVID-19 ECMO Research Group Medical University of Vienna
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe pandemic from the SARS-CoV‑2 virus is currently challenging healthcare systems all over the world. Maintaining appropriate staffing and resources in healthcare facilities is essential to guarantee a safe working environment for healthcare personnel and safe patient care. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents a valuable therapeutic option in patients with severe heart or lung failure. Although only a limited proportion of COVID-19 patients develop respiratory or circulatory failure that is refractory to conventional treatment, it is of utmost importance to clearly define criteria for the use of ECMO in this steadily growing patient population. The ECMO working group of the Medical University of Vienna has established the following recommendations for ECMO support in COVID-19 patients.
Accurate quadrature of nearly singular line integrals in two and three dimensions by singularity swapping
Authors: af Klinteberg Ludvig , Barnett Alex H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe numerical method of Helsing and co-workers evaluates Laplace and related layer potentials generated by a panel (composite) quadrature on a curve, efficiently and with high-order accuracy for arbitrarily close targets. Since it exploits complex analysis, its use has been restricted to two dimensions (2D). We first explain its loss of accuracy as panels become curved, using a classical complex approximation result of Walsh that can be interpreted as “electrostatic shielding” of a Schwarz singularity. We then introduce a variant that swaps the target singularity for one at its complexified parameter preimage; in the latter space the panel is flat, hence the convergence rate can be much higher. The preimage is found robustly by Newton iteration. This idea also enables, for the first time, a near-singular quadrature for potentials generated by smooth curves in 3D, building on recurrences of Tornberg–Gustavsson. We apply this to accurate evaluation of the Stokes flow near to a curved filament in the slender body approximation. Our 3D method is several times more efficient (both in terms of kernel evaluations, and in speed in a C implementation) than the only existing alternative, namely, adaptive integration.
Closing a mental account: the realization effect for gains and losses
Authors: Merkle Christoph , Müller-Dethard Jan , Weber Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow do risk attitudes change after experiencing gains or losses? For the case of losses, Imas (Am Econ Rev 106:2086–2109, 2016) shows that subsequent risk-taking behavior depends on whether these losses have been realized or not. After a realized loss, individuals’ risk-taking decreases, whereas it increases after an unrealized (paper) loss. He refers to this asymmetry as the realization effect. In this study, we derive theoretical predictions for risk-taking after paper and realized gains, and for investment opportunities with different skewness. We experimentally test these predictions and, at the same time, replicate Imas’ original study. Independent of a prior gain or loss, we show that subsequent risk-taking is higher when outcomes remain unrealized. However, we find no evidence of a realization effect for non-positively skewed lotteries. While the first result suggests that the effect is more general, the second result reveals its boundary conditions.
Path Analysis of the Relationship Between Optimism, Humor, Affectivity, and Marital Satisfaction Among Infertile Couples
Authors: Ostovar Shahla , Griffiths Mark D. , Raeisi Tayebeh , Hashim Intan Hashimah Mohd 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMarital satisfaction is an important factor for establishing a family relationship, feeling satisfied, and living happily together. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between optimism, humor, positive and negative affect, and marital satisfaction among infertile couples. The sample comprised 80 infertile Iranian couples (n = 160) who visited infertility clinics. Participants completed a series of Persian versions of psychometric scales related to optimism (Attributional Style Questionnaire), humor (Humor Styles Questionnaire), marital satisfaction (Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire), positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). The obtained result of Smart PLS statistical analysis confirmed the significant positive correlation between optimism and humor with marital satisfaction and high PA and low NA. Moreover, the findings also provided an adequate fit of the model. The findings demonstrated that infertile couples high in optimism and humor have higher levels of marital satisfaction and high PA and low PA. Based on the study’s findings, interventions for facilitating optimism and humor among infertile couples are discussed.
Eine kuriose Debatte wiederholt sich
Authors: Koepp Tabea , Schattka Chris 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag setzt sich mit der aktuellen Debatte um den sogenannten „Situationismus“ innerhalb der soziologischen Gewaltforschung auseinander. Der Kritik, dass eine mikrosoziologische Perspektive auf Gewalt theoretisch weitgehend kontextblind sei, wird anhand einer Relektüre der einschlägigen Literatur widersprochen. Anstatt die Gräben zu vertiefen, wird für eine kontextsensible Mikrosoziologie der Gewalt plädiert, die auf Basis von detaillierten Rekonstruktionen transsituative Elemente in die Erklärung integriert. Zwei Fallstudien über das Massaker von Srebrenica 1995 sowie die Eskalation der Welcome to Hell-Demonstration in Hamburg 2017 zeigen exemplarisch die Potenziale dieser integrativen Perspektive. Die Fälle verdeutlichen, dass Mythen- und Propagandadiskurse in Konfrontationssituationen aktualisiert und in Form von trainierten Interaktionsritualen zur Gewinnung von emotionaler Dominanz genutzt werden bzw. präsituativ verfestigte Erwartungshaltungen bei Demonstrationen die Eskalationsdynamiken fördern und das Ausbrechen von Gewalt begünstigen.
Situation, Figuration und Gewalt
Authors: Ebner Johannes , Stopfinger Marion 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden zwei in der soziologischen Gewaltforschung etablierte Ansätze – die mikrosoziologisch-situationistische Gewalttheorie von Randall Collins und die figurations- bzw. prozesssoziologische Perspektive von Norbert Elias – auf ihre Eignung für die Analyse von sexueller Kriegsgewalt überprüft. Nach einer kurzen Diskussion des Forschungsstandes zu sexueller Kriegsgewalt wird dieses Thema einmal mit Collins und einmal mit Elias beleuchtet. Danach werden die beiden Zugänge einander gegenübergestellt, um Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten herauszuarbeiten. Darauf aufbauend wird versucht, die Fruchtbarkeit eines „pragmatischen Dialoges“ zwischen einem mikro- und einem figurationssoziologisch inspirierten Ansatz auszuloten. Abschließend wird diskutiert, welche Folgerungen sich daraus für die Forschung zu sexueller Kriegsgewalt ergeben.
Komplexe Gewaltprävention
Authors: Staller Mario S. , Körner Swen 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungMaßnahmen zur Gewaltprävention sind wichtige Aspekte zur Reduzierung interindividueller Gewalt. Auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen dienen sie dazu, (a) das Auftreten einer möglichen Gewaltproblematik zu verhindern, (b) mit Gewalt umzugehen, wenn diese unmittelbar bevorsteht oder bereits aufgetreten ist, und (c) ihrem Wiederauftreten vorzubeugen. Evaluationen etablierter Schulungsprogramme zur Gewaltprävention legen nahe, dass teilweise reduktionistische Perspektiven auf Inhalte und angewandte Trainingspädagogiken existieren. Der Beitrag stellt das Konzept der komplexen Gewaltprävention vor und rückt die Komplexität als wesentlichen Bestandteil der Anwendungs- und der Trainingssituation in den Mittelpunkt. Die Komplexität der Gewaltprävention wird auf mehreren Dimensionen und Ebenen theoriegeleitet kartographiert, anhand derer Gewaltpräventionsschulungen reflektiert werden können. Damit leistet das Konzept der komplexen Gewaltprävention einen Beitrag zur reflektierten Praxis in entsprechenden Schulungssettings.
Development of a hand-held magnetic resonance sensor for the nondestructive quantification of fat and lean meat of fresh tuna
Authors: Nakashima Yoshito 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor the in-situ nondestructive fat quantification of fresh tuna meat, an original lightweight (5.7 kg) hand-held sensor that consists of a planar radio-frequency coil and a single-sided magnetic circuit was developed as a subunit of a time-domain proton magnetic resonance (MR) scanner system. The investigation depth of the sensor unit is 12 mm, which is sufficient to probe the meat section beneath thick skin with scales and the underlying subcutaneous fat layer of large fish such as tuna. The scanner was successfully applied in a laboratory to a fillet of a bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) to measure meat sections 12 mm beneath the skin. The required measurement time was 100 s for each section. The results of MR scan at 11 locations on the fillet were compared with those of conventional destructive food analysis. Reasonable agreement with an error (root-mean-square residual) of as small as 1.8 wt% was obtained for fat quantification. The time-domain MR relaxometry for the same tuna fillet also allowed lean meat quantification with a small root-mean-square residual of 6.7 wt%.
Patient-reported outcomes and psycho-oncological screening in hematology: a practical example of routine electronic monitoring
Authors: Lehmann Jens , Wintner Lisa M. , Sztankay Monika , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Weger Roman , Weyrer Walpurga , Rumpold Gerhard , Holzner Bernhard 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPatient-reported outcomes (PROs) have gained increasing importance in oncology. PROs can supplement medical treatment with important information about the patient’s quality of life (QoL), which is typically assessed using standardized questionnaires. PROs capture the symptomatology and functional impairments as perceived by the patient without further interpretation by another party. In this article, we describe how routinely assessed electronic PROs (ePROs) at the outpatient unit of the Department of Hematology Innsbruck complement the Austrian Myeloma Registry (AMR) and clinical routine. There is a broad body of literature showing that ePRO assessments can supplement patient–physician contact and help focus communication on clinically relevant issues that matter for the patient. Based on ePRO results, physicians can initiate clinical action such as referring patients to psycho-oncological treatment. Electronic PRO assessments might facilitate communication between healthcare providers among themselves but also between healthcare providers and patients, and make it possible to incorporate the patients’ point of view into treatment in a standardized way. The example depicted herein demonstrates how ePRO assessments can be integrated and used in routine monitoring and for psycho-oncological screening.
Effects of production, PVT and pipe roughness on multiphase flow correlations in gas wells
Authors: Abd El-Moniem Mohamed A. , El-Banbi Ahmed H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe importance of gas production has increased as gas represents a clean source of energy. We studied different multiphase flow correlations for gas wells. We collected large database for bottomhole flowing pressure for different flow conditions and well configurations. In total, 32 gas wells were selected and our target was to study the effect of multiphase flow correlations input parameters on the accuracy of the predicted pressure drop. Several important multiphase correlations input parameters were selected for this study. These include condensate to gas ratio (CGR) and water to gas ratio (WGR) which represent the production conditions, API and specific gravity of surface gas (Ɣg) which represent PVT properties and the tubing roughness (ε) which represents the tubing condition. Our method was based on changing the values of these selected parameters by a percentage from its original value and determining the new predicted bottomhole flowing pressure. Consequently, we determined the new error compared to the actual measured bottomhole pressure. We performed 352 cases, and we could obtain the effect of the different parameters on both pressure drop calculations and the selection of the best correlation. Guidelines were developed to explain which parameters are more important to be measured accurately for different conditions.
Assessment of clay materials for suitability in drilling mud formulation from part of Ondo State, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Anthony Ameloko Aduojo , Esther Ogologo Chinonso , Chris Daramola Olakunle , Oni Babalola Aisosa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBentonite used for drilling operations in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria is mainly imported into the country. This project evaluated the efficiency of additives and their function in enhancing the rheological and flow properties of local bentonite clay, obtained from Ibule-soro in Ondo State, Nigeria. X-Ray diffraction analysis of clay samples from previous research around the study area indicated large amount of silica, alumina, and iron contents suggesting that the clays were kaolinite in nature. The clay samples were analyzed for their rheological properties and subsequently compared with the imported bentonite with American Petroleum Institute (API) specifications as standard. The results obtained showed that the local bentonite exhibited low viscosity and high filtration loss. Therefore, to enhance the quality of the clay, it was beneficiated with sodium carbonate ($${\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}$$

Na
2

CO
3

) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Seven different formulations were made: (20 g of Imported bentonite), (20 g of local Bentonite Clay), (20 g of local Bentonite Clay + 3.3 g of $${\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}$$

Na
2

CO
3

+ 10 g of CMC), (25 g of local Bentonite Clay + 4.2 g of $${\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}$$

Na
2

CO
3

+ 10 g of CMC), (30 g of local Bentonite Clay + 5.0 g of $${\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}$$

Na
2

CO
3

+ 10 g of CMC), (35 g of local Bentonite Clay + 5.8 g of $${\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}$$

Na
2

CO
3

+ 10 g of CMC), and (40 g of local Bentonite Clay + 6.7 g of $${\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}$$

Na
2

CO
3

+ 10 g of CMC).The addition of additives (CMC and $${\text{Na}}_{2} {\text{CO}}_{3}$$

Na
2

CO
3

) reduced the calcium content via the cation exchange process and enhanced the rheological properties of the mud samples. The research work revealed that beneficiation of local bentonite with sodium carbonate, the addition of polymer (CMC), and an increase in clay concentration influenced the rheological and flow properties of mud samples. With proper beneficiation of local bentonite in Nigeria, they can be made suitable for drilling operations in the oil and gas industry.
Sleep Disorders and Headache: A Review of Correlation and Mutual Influence
Authors: Korabelnikova Elena A. , Danilov Alexey B. , Danilov Andrey B. , Vorobyeva Yulia D. , Latysheva Nina V. , Artemenko Ada R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The review is devoted to the complex relationship between headache and sleep disorders. The shared neuroanatomical structures of the nervous system involved in pain perception and sleep are shown, and mechanisms of comorbidity between headaches and sleep disorders are considered. Various types of headaches in the continuum of the sleep–wake cycle are described. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to treatment are examined in detail, with the biochemical basis of the drug action.
Combining Life Cycle Assessment and Manufacturing System Simulation: Evaluating Dynamic Impacts from Renewable Energy Supply on Product-Specific Environmental Footprints
Authors: Rödger Jan-Markus , Beier Jan , Schönemann Malte , Schulze Christine , Thiede Sebastian , Bey Niki , Herrmann Christoph , Hauschild Michael Z. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe eco-efficiency of actual production processes is still one dominating research area in engineering. However, neglecting the environmental impacts of production equipment, technical building services and energy supply might lead to sub-optimization or burden-shifting and thus reduced effectiveness. As an established method used in sustainability management, Life Cycle Assessment aims at calculating the environmental impacts from all life cycle stages of a product or system. In order to cope with shortcomings of the static character of life cycle models and data gaps this approach combines Life Cycle Assessment with manufacturing system simulation. Therefore, the two life cycles of product and production system are merged to assess environmental sustainability on product level. Manufacturing simulation covers the production system and Life Cycle Assessment is needed to relate the results to the final product. This combined approach highlights the influences from dynamic effects in manufacturing systems on resulting life cycle impact from both product and production system. Furthermore, the importance of considering indirect peripheral equipment and its effects on the manufacturing system operation in terms of output and energy demands is underlined. The environmental flows are converted into impacts for the five recommended environmental impact categories. Thus, it can be demonstrate that Life Cycle Assessment can enhance the process simulation and help identify hot-spots along the life cycle. The combined methodology is applied for analysing a case study in fourteen scenarios for the integration of volatile energy sources into energy flexible manufacturing control.