bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Acetaminophen Protein Adducts in Adults and Children
Authors: Jiang Sibo , Madrasi Kumpal , Samant Tanay , Lagishetty Chakradhar , Vozmediano Valvanera , Chiew Angela , Abdel‐Rahman Susan M. , James Laura P. , Schmidt Stephan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcetaminophen protein adducts (adducts) are a well‐established biomarker to diagnose acetaminophen toxicity. To date, the quantitative relationship between acetaminophen exposure, which drives adduct formation, and adduct exposure remains to be established. Our study characterized the adduct formation and disposition in adults using the approach of population parent‐metabolite modeling. It demonstrated formation‐limited pharmacokinetics (PK) for adducts in healthy subjects. This finding expands the existing knowledge on adduct PK that showed an apparent long elimination half‐life. We then allometrically scaled the adduct PK model to children, simulated the adduct profiles, and compared these simulated profiles with those observed in an independent cohort of children. The scaled model significantly overpredicted the adduct concentrations in children early on in treatment and underpredicted concentrations following repeated acetaminophen doses. These results suggest that children demonstrate different adduct PK behavior from that of adults, most likely because of increased reactive metabolite detoxification in children. In summary, we described the first PK model linking acetaminophen and acetaminophen protein adduct concentrations, which provides a semimechanistic understanding of varying profiles of adduct exposure in adults and children.
Arithmetic in the adult deaf signing brain
Authors: Andin Josefine , Elwér Åsa , Mäki‐Torkko Elina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have previously shown that deaf signers recruit partially different brain regions during simple arithmetic compared to a group of hearing non‐signers, despite similar performance. Specifically, hearing individuals show more widespread activation in brain areas that have been related to the verbal system of numerical processing, i.e., the left angular and inferior frontal gyrus, whereas deaf individuals engaged brain areas that have been related to the quantity system of numerical processing, i.e., the right horizontal intraparietal sulcus. This indicates that compared to hearing non‐signers, deaf signers can successfully make use of processes located in partially different brain areas during simple arithmetic. In this study, which is a conceptual replication and extension of the above‐presented study, the main aim is to understand similarities and differences in neural correlates supporting arithmetic in deaf compared to hearing individuals. The primary objective is to investigate the role of the right horizontal intraparietal gyrus, the left inferior frontal gyrus, the hippocampus, and the left angular gyrus during simple and difficult arithmetic and how these regions are connected to each other. A second objective is to explore what other brain regions support arithmetic in deaf signers. Up to 34 adult deaf signers and the same amount of hearing non‐signers will be enrolled in an functional magnetic resonance imaging study that will include simple and difficult subtraction and multiplication. Brain imaging data will be analyzed using whole‐brain analysis, region of interest analysis and connectivity analysis. This is the first study to investigate neural underpinnings of arithmetic of different difficulties in deaf individuals.
Evaluation of the effect of direct oral anticoagulant availability on hospital presentations for bleeding related to oral anticoagulation in South Australia
Authors: Roberts Greg , Chong Cher‐Rin , Quinn Stephen , Cameron‐Collins Sarah , Forbes Heather , Johnson Jacinta Lee , Kitto Lisa , Marotti Sally , Nguyen Hahn , Reid Susan , Sullivan Cheyne , Spyrou Nick , Wierenga Lauren , Wisdom Alice 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDirect oral anticoagulant drugs (DOACs) are known to improve clinical outcomes and decrease bleeding rates compared with warfarin. The effect of the introduction of DOACs into Australian general prescribing practice on anticoagulant‐related hospital presentations related to bleeding is unknown.AimThis study compared the rate of anticoagulant‐related hospital presentations related to bleeding for DOACs and warfarin in South Australia.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study across metropolitan tertiary hospitals identified hospital presentations related directly to an anticoagulant bleeding event. Presentation rates were calculated against prescribing quantities from Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data. Data were collected across two periods: January–June 2013 (warfarin‐only prescribing) and January–June 2015 (combined warfarin and DOAC prescribing). The main outcome measure was the number of hospital presentations per 100 patient‐years of prescribed anticoagulant therapy.ResultsFor the total study period, the overall hospital presentation rate for any DOAC use was 0.52 per 100 patient‐years, compared with 1.51 per 100 patient‐years for warfarin (incidence rate ratio 2.89; 95% confidence interval 2.02–4.12; p < 0.001). One hospital presentation was associated with each 67 years of warfarin use, and 192 years of DOAC use. The mean cost associated with warfarin and DOAC hospital presentations was similar ($3705 and $3671 respectively; p = 0.69). There were a further 0.28 presentations per 100 patient‐years for the management of supratherapeutic International Normalised Ratios in warfarin users, at a cost of $3233 per episode.ConclusionThe use of DOACs in general practice in the Australian setting is associated with decreased anticoagulant‐related hospital presentations for bleeding.
Types and causes of anticoagulant‐related medication incidents across hospitals in Western Australia
Authors: Jovanovska Tatjana , Fitzsimons Kerry , Ferguson Chantal , Koay Audrey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnticoagulant medications are widely prescribed for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic disorders. They are considered high‐risk medications due to their narrow therapeutic window and potential to cause serious fatal haemorrhagic or thromboembolic complications.AimThis study analysed all reported medication safety incidents related to anticoagulants across Western Australian (WA) public hospitals over a 12‐month period to determine possible causative factors.MethodsA mixed‐methods study of all reported anticoagulant‐related medication incidents between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2017 across 93 WA public hospitals was conducted. The study identified the confirmed level of harm that occurred to patients, the phase during the medication management cycle when the incident occurred, the incident type and causative factors.ResultsSix per cent (n = 417) of all medication‐related clinical incidents reported during the study period involved anticoagulants, of which 0.2% caused significant harm and 6.7% caused moderate harm. Most incidents occurred during the administration phase (69.1%). The most frequent incident type reported was omission of dose (29.5%) and the most frequent causative factors reported were inadequate checking process (20.7%; n = 746) and inadequate documentation (18.8%).ConclusionMost anticoagulant incidents occurred during the administration phase, with inadequate checking processes and incomplete or illegible documentation being the most frequently reported causative factors. Review of direct oral anticoagulant‐reported incidents identified staff knowledge deficits with regard to indication‐based dosing and dose modification requirements in renal impairment. These findings contributed towards development of targeted strategies and education resources to reduce the incidence of anticoagulant‐related medication incidents.
Optimization of Dynamic Interfacial Tension for Crude Oil–Brine System in the Presence of Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Mohammadshahi Hooman , Shahverdi Hamidreza , Mohammadi Mohsen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, interfacial tension (IFT) is measured between brine and crude oil (a sample of heavy oil from an Iranian oil reservoir) in the presence of two nonionic surfactants, KEPS 80 (Tween 80) and Behamid D, at different concentrations in order to optimize the concentrations of the surfactants. The surface response method is used to design the IFT measurement experiments. The experimental design and optimization is performed using the IFT as an objective function and temperature, concentration, and time as independent variables. In addition to the IFT measurement, various experiments such as stability tests of the surfactants in NaCl brine solutions, adsorption experiments on the carbonated rock surface, and phase behavior tests are performed to investigate the behavior of KEPS 80 and Behamid D in the enhanced oil recovery process. At the end, a model using the response surface statistical technique is designed for optimization of the concentrations of the surfactants, and a surfactant molecular migration mechanism is used for explanation of the dynamic IFT variation versus time. In the case of IFT experiments, the effect of surfactant concentration (at 1000, 3000, and 5000 ppm) on the dynamic IFT is investigated. The experiments are performed at four temperatures (25, 40, 50, and 67°C). The results show that the oil–brine IFT values can be reduced to about 4 mN m−1 in the presence of Behamid D and to about 1 mN m−1 in the presence of KEPS 80 at low concentrations.
Effects of nitrogen fertilization on pomegranate fruit, aril and juice quality
Authors: Lyu Yang , Porat Ron , Yermiyahu Uri , Heler Yehuda , Holland Doron , Dag Arnon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitrogen (N) fertilization influences plant growth and yield, and may also affect fruit quality. For two consecutive seasons, we examined the effects of various N fertilization levels – 5 to 200 mg L−1 – on pomegranate fruit, aril and juice quality. Evaluations included fruit and aril weight, size and color, appearance of peel blemishes, internal black rot and nutritional composition of extracted juices.RESULTSNitrogen fertilization affected pomegranate fruit, aril and juice quality. The most pronounced effects were observed in trees grown under the lowest N fertilization level, which bore smaller fruit and arils, the latter with lighter color; the fruit suffered from sunburn, and the juice had lower total soluble solid, acidity and anthocyanin contents. The proportion of edible aril weight per total fruit weight gradually increased with an increase in N fertilization concentration. In contrast, N fertilization did not affect peel color, roughness or cracking incidence. Black rot incidence increased with increasing N concentration.CONCLUSIONSNitrogen fertilization affected pomegranate fruit, aril and juice quality, and the total number of marketable fruits per tree. The optimal N fertilization levels, which were most beneficial for achieving high‐quality marketable fruit, were between 40 and 100 mg L−1. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and potential applications of casein–polysaccharide conjugates: a review
Authors: Abd El‐Salam Mohamed H , El‐Shibiny Safinaz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlycation of casein and caseinates with polysaccharides via Maillard reaction is a simple and environmentally safe way to prepare new food ingredients of improved functional properties. Sodium caseinate has been used mainly to prepare conjugates with several polysaccharides particularly maltodextrins and dextrans. The functional properties of these conjugates are influenced by the used polysaccharides and heating conditions. Under optimal heating conditions substantial improvements have been evident in their emulsification and foam properties of these conjugates. Casein–polysaccharide conjugates have several potential applications in food processing and microencapsulation. This article gives an overview on their formation and potential uses. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of histidine kinase inhibitors and their biological properties
Authors: Rosales‐Hurtado Miyanou , Meffre Patrick , Szurmant Hendrik , Benfodda Zohra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfections caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria represent a significant and ever‐increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. There is thus an urgent need to develop efficient and well‐tolerated antibacterials targeting unique cellular processes. Numerous studies have led to the identification of new biological targets to fight bacterial resistance. Two‐component signal transduction systems are widely employed by bacteria to translate external and cellular signals into a cellular response. They are ubiquitous in bacteria, absent in the animal kingdom and are integrated into various virulence pathways. Several chemical series, including isothiazolidones, imidazolium salts, benzoxazines, salicylanilides, thiophenes, thiazolidiones, benzimidazoles, and other derivatives deduced by different approaches have been reported in the literature to have histidine kinase (HK) inhibitory activity. In this review, we report on the design and the synthesis of these HKs inhibitors and their potential to serve as antibacterial agents.
Reconstruction of a large pelvic defect by transfer of a quadruplet combination of pedicled flaps from the medial thigh using bilateral muscular gracilis flaps and bilateral vertical posteromedial thigh (vPMT) propeller flaps—A case report
Authors: Wishart Katarina T. , Fritsche Elmar , Scaglioni Mario F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe reconstruction of defects of the perianal area and vagina places a high demand on a reconstructive surgeon. Different reconstructive methods include a skin graft, a local skin flap, a musculocutaneous flap, and a pedicled perforator flap. Here, we report the case of a 59‐year‐old female patient with a pelvic defect, who underwent reconstruction with a quadruplet combination of pedicled flaps from the medial thigh, due to an extensive resection of a recurrence of a squamous cell carcinoma of the anus, vulva, and partially the colon. The surgical oncologist performed a rectum amputation, a partial colectomy, a complete hysterectomy, and a resection of the dorso‐lateral vaginal vault in order to achieve tumor‐free margins. The resulting defect measured 14 × 11 cm2 with 8 cm of deep space. The defect was covered and reconstructed by employing a bilateral pedicled gracilis muscle flap rotated about 120° and advanced to fill up the residual spare space in the deep and a bilateral vertical posteromedial thigh (vPMT) using a propeller flap measuring 27 × 10 cm2 rotated 180° in order to reconstruct the vagina and the perianal area. All flaps survived without major post‐operative complications. The donor site morbidity was minimal. The range of motion was not limited over both hip and knee joints. Patient had no problem with urination. Sexual intercourse was not highly considered due to patient's old age. The follow‐up at 6 months showed acceptable cosmetic results with a satisfying contour of the coverage and reconstructed area. The combination of pedicled gracilis muscle flap and vPMT propeller flap may represent a valuable option in such a defect where deep space obliteration and reconstruction of the vagina with perianal contouring are needed.
Prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder in Chinese children: A population‐based study
Authors: Xing Dong , Wang Yi He , Wen Yi Bo , Li Qi , Feng Jin Jin , Wu Jun Wei , Jia Zhi Ming , Yang Jing , Sihoe Jennifer D. , Song Cui Ping , Hu Hui Jie , Franco Israel , Wen Jian Guo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) and assess its risk factors in 5‐ to 14‐year‐old Chinese children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of OAB prevalence was performed by distributing 11 800 anonymous self‐administered questionnaires to parents in five provinces of mainland China from July to October 2018. The questionnaires included questions on sociodemographics, history of urinary tract infection (UTI), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), family history of LUTS, bowel symptoms, and details about the elimination communication (EC) start time. OAB was defined as urgency and increased the daytime frequency with or without urinary incontinence.ResultsA total of 10 133 questionnaires qualified for statistical analysis. The overall prevalence of OAB was 9.01% and decreased with age, from 12.40% at 5 years to 4.55% at 14 years (χ2trend = 88.899; P < .001). The proportion of dry OAB increased with age, whereas the proportion of wet OAB decreased. A late‐onset of EC was associated with a high OAB prevalence (χ2 trend = 39.802; P < .001). Children with obesity, a history of UTI, nocturnal enuresis (NE), a family history of LUTS, constipation, and fecal incontinence had a higher prevalence of OAB than did normal children (P < .05).ConclusionObesity, a history of UTI, NE, a family history of LUTS, and bowel symptoms are risk factors associated with OAB. Starting EC before 12 months of age might help reduce the prevalence of OAB in children.
Acute effect of sacral neuromodulation for treatment of detrusor overactivity on urodynamic parameters
Authors: Groenendijk Ilse M. , Groen Jan , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Blok Bertil F. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the acute effects of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) on various urodynamic parameters.MethodsPatients with overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity (DO) who were planned for percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) were included. Directly after the PNE, a urodynamic study (UDS) was performed. The stimulation was turned off during the first UDS (UDS 1), and during the second filling cycle, stimulation was turned on (UDS 2). The UDS was followed by a test phase of 1 week and the bladder diaries were evaluated during an outpatient clinic visit. Primary outcome measures were the differences in UDS parameter values with SNM off and on.ResultsTen female patients were included in the study and completed the study protocol. Eight patients showed ≥50% improvement of symptoms following a test phase. There were no differences between UDS 1 and UDS 2 in the UDS parameters; bladder volume at first sensation, bladder volume at first DO, highest DO pressure, bladder capacity, maximum flow rate, and pressure at maximum flow rate.DiscussionNone of the aforementioned urodynamic parameters was influenced by acute SNM in patients who responded to SNM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the acute effects of SNM on bladder function.
On Quasi‐Newton methods in fast Fourier transform‐based micromechanics
Authors: Wicht Daniel , Schneider Matti , Böhlke Thomas 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYThis work is devoted to investigating the computational power of Quasi‐Newton methods in the context of fast Fourier transform (FFT)‐based computational micromechanics. We revisit FFT‐based Newton‐Krylov solvers as well as modern Quasi‐Newton approaches such as the recently introduced Anderson accelerated basic scheme. In this context, we propose two algorithms based on the Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno (BFGS) method, one of the most powerful Quasi‐Newton schemes. To be specific, we use the BFGS update formula to approximate the global Hessian or, alternatively, the local material tangent stiffness. Both for Newton and Quasi‐Newton methods, a globalization technique is necessary to ensure global convergence. Specific to the FFT‐based context, we promote a Dong‐type line search, avoiding function evaluations altogether. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the forcing term, that is, the accuracy for solving the linear system, on the overall performance of inexact (Quasi‐)Newton methods. This work concludes with numerical experiments, comparing the convergence characteristics and runtime of the proposed techniques for complex microstructures with nonlinear material behavior and finite as well as infinite material contrast.
Brief mindfulness, mental health, and cognitive processes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cerna Cristian , García Felipe E. , Téllez Arnoldo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe present study evaluated the impact of a brief mindfulness training program on emotional regulation, cognitive rumination, psychological well‐being, and depressive symptoms. This is an experimental study, through a randomized controlled trial. A total of 103 people enrolled on a voluntary basis, of whom 51 were randomly selected to participate in the experimental group and 52 in the control group without intervention (on the waiting list). It is established that a brief, four‐session mindfulness training program significantly increases psychological well‐being and significantly reduces the symptoms associated with depression; there was a decrease in emotional suppression and in intrusive and deliberate rumination, and an increase in cognitive reappraisal. Implications of this brief mindfulness program on the symptoms associated with depression, psychological well‐being, emotional regulation, and cognitive rumination are analyzed, as are the scope and limitations of the study.
Annual SO2 exposure, asthma, atopy, and lung function in Puerto Rican children
Authors: Rosser Franziska , Forno Erick , Kurland Kristen S. , Han Yueh‐Ying , Mair Christina , Acosta‐Pérez Edna , Canino Glorisa , Celedón Juan C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on children, a vulnerable population, are largely unknown. Further, how long‐term SO2 affects Puerto Rican children living in the island of Puerto Rico, a group with high asthma prevalence, is unclear. We evaluated the effects of annual average 1‐hour daily maximum SO2 average on asthma, atopy, total immunoglobulin E (IgE), and lung function in Puerto Rican children.MethodsA cohort of 678 children (351 with asthma, 327 without asthma) was recruited in Puerto Rico from 2009 to 2010. Annual average 1‐hour daily maximum SO2 exposure was interpolated utilizing publicly available monitoring data. Multivariable logistic and linear regression was used for the analysis of asthma, atopy (defined as an IgE ≥0.35 IU/mL to at least one of five common aero‐allergens), total IgE, and lung function measures (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], and FEV1/FVC ratio).ResultsAnnual SO2 exposure (per 1 ppb) was significantly associated with asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05‐1.91) and atopy (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.02‐1.78). Such exposure was also significantly associated with lower FEV1/FVC in all children (β = −1.42; 95% CI = −2.78 to −0.08) and in children with asthma (β = −2.39; 95% CI= −4.31 to −0.46). Annual SO2 exposure was not significantly associated with total IgE, FEV1, or FVC.ConclusionsAmong Puerto Rican children in Puerto Rico, long‐term SO2 exposure is linked to asthma and atopy. In these children, long‐term SO2 exposure is also associated with reduced FEV1/FVC, particularly in those with asthma.