bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub‐arctic river bank dynamics and driving processes during the open‐channel flow period
Authors: Lotsari E. , Hackney C. , Salmela J. , Kasvi E. , Kemp J. , Alho P. , Darby S.E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere is growing concern that rapidly changing climate in high latitudes may generate significant geomorphological changes that could mobilise floodplain sediments and carbon; however detailed investigations into the bank erosion process regimes of high latitude rivers remain lacking. Here we employ a combination of thermal and RGB colour time‐lapse photos in concert with water level, flow characteristics, bank sediment moisture and temperature, and topographical data to analyse river bank dynamics during the open‐channel flow period (the period from the rise of the spring snowmelt flood until the autumn low flow period) for a subarctic river in northern Finland (Pulmanki River). We show how variations of bank sediment temperature and moisture affect bank erosion rates and locations, how bank collapses relate to fluvial processes, and elucidate the seasonal variations and interlinkages between the different driving processes.We find that areas with high levels of groundwater content and loose sand layers were the most prone areas for bank erosion. Groundwater seeping caused continuous erosion throughout the study period, whereas erosion by flowing river water occurred during the peak of snowmelt flood. However, erosion also occurred during the falling phase of the spring flood, mainly due to mass failures. The rising phase of the spring flood therefore did not affect the river bank as much as its peak or receding phases. This is explained because the bank is resistant to erosion due to the prevalence of still frozen and drier sediments at the beginning of the spring flood. Overall, most bank erosion and deposition occurrences were observed during the low flow period after the spring flood. This highlights that spring melt, while often delivering the highest discharges, may not be the main driver of bank erosion in sub‐arctic meandering rivers. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Starved versus alluvial river bedforms: an experimental investigation
Authors: Porcile Gaetano , Blondeaux Paolo , Colombini Marco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the formation of river bedforms under sediment supply‐limited conditions, i.e. when a motionless substratum is bared by the dynamics of the mobile sediments. Three series of experiments were organized in a laboratory flume by fixing all the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic parameters but varying the thickness
of the initial layer of mobile sediments which covers the rigid bottom of the flume. At the end of all the experiments, which lasted for the same amount of time, the formation of transverse sand dunes was observed. For decreasing
, the rigid bottom of the flume was bared progressively earlier during the experiment and the measurements showed a clear tendency of the bedforms to lengthen, i.e. to increase their crest‐to‐crest distance. Moreover, under strong supply limitation, the two‐dimensional transverse dunes turned into three‐dimensional barchanoid forms and into isolated barchan dunes characterized by an abrupt reduction in bedform heights. A two‐dimensional Fourier analysis of the bottom profile was performed, providing the amplitude of the main streamwise and spanwise harmonic components of the bottom morphology as a function of
. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐aware cluster‐based routing optimization for WSNs in the livestock industry
Authors: Awan Khalid Mahmood , Sherazi Hafiz Husnain Raza , Ali Ahmad , Iqbal Razi , Khan Zohaib Ashfaq , Mukherjee Mithun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe core objective of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the livestock industry is monitoring the state and activities of different animals for their well‐being. Being energy‐constrained, the consumption of these tiny devices needs to be optimized. Several techniques have been developed for making clusters in WSNs. The sensor nodes attached to the animals are mobile and dynamic in nature. Cluster heads (CHs) are selected to manage communication within a cluster. For efficient working of a network, the lifetime of clusters should be longer and there must always be a minimum number of clusters to make a network operational. This paper presents a metaheuristic artificial intelligence technique based on the social behavior of gray wolves to reduce the energy consumption of WSNs in the livestock industry. This nature‐inspired clustering algorithm provides the robust and smooth communication for WSNs in the livestock industry. The grid size, energy level, direction, and transmission range are the key parameters used to measure the performance of algorithm. Results are compared with other well‐known similar nature‐inspired optimization algorithms such as comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) and ant colony optimization–based clustering (CACONET). The simulation results exhibit the superiority of grey wolf optimizer in energy efficiency, cost effectiveness, and CH selection than CACONET and CLPSO.
Halogen‐free flame‐retardant flexible polyurethane for textile coating: Preparation and characterisation
Authors: Nguyen Tung Ngoc , Trinh Hung Tuan , Sam Lien Hoang , Nguyen Trung Quang , Le Giang Truong 
Published: December 2019

SummaryA type of flexible polyurethane (FPU) based on renewable‐sourced polyol was prepared and then modified with halogen‐free flame retardants, namely, alumina trihydrate (ATH) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), to further increase its flame‐resistant properties. The optimum loading for additives was determined based on analysing the changes in physicomechanical properties, thermal properties, and flame‐retardant behaviours of modified FPU materials. An FPU‐coated textile was then prepared; its smoke‐generating behaviours and flammability were investigated in comparison with pristine fabric, pristine FPU, and respective modified FPU. The results confirmed good synergistic effect between ATH and TPhP, which helped increasing flame‐resistant properties of applied materials, while also maintained reasonable flexibility for fabric‐coating applications. However, the usage of modified FPU as coating material also proved to cause more toxic smoke emissions during the short burning duration of coated‐fabric, an issue that needed to be investigated more thoroughly in order to guarantee the safety of people during catastrophic events.
Climate change and tectonic implications during the Pliocene climate transition interval from lacustrine records in western Wei River Basin, central China
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Fan Shuanghu , Chen Shue , Lu Yudong 
Published: December 2019

The Earth's climate had undergone a global transition around 4–3 Ma, from warm to cool. The western Wei River Basin, its late Cenozoic tectonic evolution was mainly controlled by the expansion of the Tibetan Plateau, is affected by both Monsoon climate and Westerlies circulation. A set of lacustrine sediments between 4.2 and 3.6 Ma with clearly sedimentary rhythm are good materials for studying the palaeoclimate/palaeoenvironment changes and exploring the contained tectonic implications.We present a high‐resolution grain‐sized, magnetic susceptible, and carbonate content records from the palaeolake sediments at the global climate transition interval (4.2–3.6 Ma) in the western Wei River Basin. The abrupt changes of climate indicators at about 4.14–4.16 Ma, which is a regional response to global cooling, indicate that both westerly and monsoonal circulations were enhanced and should be attributed to global cooling rather than the uplift of TibetanPlateau. From 4.14 to 3.6 Ma, the climate represented stepwise strengthening or weakening with frequent fluctuations on the millennium scale and extreme dry events at 3.77–3.80 Ma. Combined with regional geological environment and palaeoclimate evolution data, the palaeolake that rapidly receded at 3.6 Ma provides evidence for the understanding the major climatic and environmental changes produced by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau in western Wei River Basin and surrounding areas.
MRP3‐Mediated Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma: Target for Chemosensitization Through Restoring SOX17 Expression
Authors: Lozano Elisa , Asensio Maitane , Perez‐Silva Laura , Banales Jesus M. , Briz Oscar , Marin Jose J.G. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims
A limitation for the treatment of unresectable cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is its poor response to chemotherapy, which is partly due to reduction of intracellular levels of anticancer drugs through ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) pumps. Low expression of SOX17 (SRY‐box containing gene 17), a transcription factor that promotes biliary differentiation and phenotype maintenance, has been associated with cholangiocyte malignant transformation. Whether SOX17 is also involved in CCA chemoresistance is investigated in this study.

Approach and Results
SOX17 expression in human CCA cells (EGI‐1 and TFK‐1) selectively potentiated cytotoxicity of SN‐38, 5‐fluorouracil and mitoxantrone, but not that of gemcitabine, capecitabine, cisplatin, or oxaliplatin. The analysis of the resistome by TaqMan low‐density arrays revealed changes affecting primarily ABC pump expression. Single‐gene quantitative real‐time PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed that MRP3 (multidrug resistance associated protein 3), which was highly expressed in CCA human tumors, was down‐regulated in SOX17‐transduced CCA cells. The substrate specificity of this pump matched that of SOX17‐induced in vitro selective chemosensitization. Functional studies showed lower ability of SOX17‐expressing CCA cells to extrude specific MRP3 substrates. Reporter assay of MRP3 promoter (ABCC3pr) revealed that ABCC3pr activity was inhibited by SOX17 expression and SOX2/SOX9 silencing. The latter was highly expressed in CCA. Moreover, SOX2/9, but not SOX17, induced altered electrophoretic mobility of ABCC3pr, which was prevented by SOX17. The growth of CCA tumors subcutaneously implanted into immunodeficient mice was inhibited by 5‐fluorouracil. This effect was enhanced by co‐treatment with adenoviral vectors encoding SOX17.

Conclusions
SOX9/2/17 are involved in MRP3‐mediated CCA chemoresistance. Restored SOX17 expression, in addition to its tumor suppression effect, induces selective chemosensitization due to MRP3 down‐regulation and subsequent intracellular drug accumulation.
A State-of-the-Art Review of Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Pollution
Authors: Fernández-Llamazares Álvaro , Garteizgogeascoa María , Basu Niladri , Brondizio Eduardo Sonnewend , Cabeza Mar , Martínez-Alier Joan , McElwee Pamela , Reyes-García Victoria 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Indigenous peoples (IPs) worldwide are confronted by the increasing threat of pollution. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature (n = 686 studies), we present the current state of knowledge on: 1) the exposure and vulnerability of IPs to pollution; 2) the environmental, health, and cultural impacts of pollution upon IPs; and 3) IPs' contributions to prevent, control, limit, and abate pollution from local to global scales. Indigenous peoples experience large burdens of environmental pollution linked to the expansion of commodity frontiers and industrial development, including agricultural, mining, and extractive industries, as well as urban growth, waste dumping, and infrastructure and energy development. Nevertheless, IPs are contributing to limit pollution in different ways, including through environmental monitoring and global policy advocacy, as well as through local resistance toward polluting activities. This work adds to growing evidence of the breadth and depth of environmental injustices faced by IPs worldwide, and we conclude by highlighting the need to increase IPs' engagement in environmental decision-making regarding pollution control. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:324–341. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
This review maps out the worldwide impacts of environmental pollution on Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous Peoples experience large burdens of environmental pollution linked to the expansion of commodity frontiers and industrial development. Indigenous Peoples are amongst the populations at highest risk of impact by pollution of water, land and biota through both exposure and vulnerability. Indigenous Peoples actively contribute to develop innovative strategies to limit, prevent and abate pollution from local to global levels
Nanodiamond in composite: Biomedical application
Authors: Rehman Aisha , Houshyar Shadi , Wang Xin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe biocompatibility of materials is the determining factor for them to be applied in biomedical areas. Nanodiamond (ND) has gained increasing interest in this area due to its biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization and excellent mechanical performance. ND has been widely used to reinforce biopolymers, and the resultant biocomposites have found applications in bone tissue engineering, chemotherapeutic drug delivery, and wound healing. Fluorescent ND, when combined with biopolymers, is serving for bioimaging and sensing applications. Herein, we contribute a description of ND, recent trends in its adoption for biopolymers, functionalization methods, amalgamation techniques of ND with biopolymers, potential applications of these composites in the biomedical field and future perspectives.
Characteristics of sarcopenia by European consensuses and a phenotype score
Authors: Jang Il‐Young , Lee Eunju , Lee Heayon , Park Hyungchul , Kim Sunyoung , Kim Kwang‐il , Jung Hee‐Won , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess the clinical characteristics of sarcopenia by the original and revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP 1 and 2), and to propose a new sarcopenia phenotype score (SPS) to improve relevance of clinical outcomes.MethodsAnalyses were performed in 1408 older adults of the Aging Study of PyeongChang Rural Area, a community‐based cohort in Korea. For sarcopenia definitions, we used EWGSOP 1, EWGSOP 2, and SPS, a new index counting number of abnormal domains among components of grip strength, gait speed, or muscle mass. Frailty status by the frailty index and the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty score was compared with sarcopenia measures. Prediction ability for composite outcome combining death and institutionalization due to functional decline was assessed among sarcopenia measures.ResultsGenerally, sarcopenia spectrum by both EWGSOP 1 and 2 was associated with worse functional status in parameters of geriatric assessments. However, population who were considered as sarcopenic by EWGSOP 1, but not by EWGSOP 2, showed increased risk of composite outcome and worse frailty status, compared with people who were classified as not sarcopenic by both EWGSOP 1 and 2. With SPS, dose–response relationship was observed with both frailty status and outcome prediction. Prediction for composite outcome was better in SPS than in EWGSOP 2 classification.ConclusionsA new SPS might be used to classify sarcopenic burden in older adults to resolve possible inconsistencies in phenotype correlation and outcome prediction of EWGSOP 2 criteria.
Cascade CN and CO bond constructions for the synthesis of dibenzoimidazo[1,4]oxazepines catalyzed by CuI/o‐phen
Authors: Li Zhuo‐Huan , Li Tuan‐Jie , Liu Jian‐Quan , Wang Xiang‐Shan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of dibenzo[b,f]imidazo[1,2‐d][1,4]oxazepine derivatives was described via cascade Csp2N and Csp2O bond constructions. It was a crossed double Ullmann reactions using 4,5‐diaryl‐2‐(2‐hydroxylphenyl)‐1H‐imidazole as the double nucleophilic centers in the presence of Cs2CO3, while 1‐bromo‐2‐iodobenzene was used as a substrate catalyzed by CuI and o‐phenanthroline in good yields.
Avoiding or embracing social relationships? A conservation of resources perspective of leader narcissism, leader–member exchange differentiation, and follower voice
Authors: Huang Lei , Krasikova Dina V. , Harms Peter D. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this study, we draw from the conservation of resources theory and the narcissism literature to examine why and when narcissistic leaders develop and maintain differentiated social relationships with followers in a group setting, therefore demotivating follower voice. Using data from 457 employees and their 95 supervisors working at a large Chinese consulting company, we tested and found support for our hypotheses that leader narcissism had a negative direct effect on employee voice, as well as a negative indirect effect on voice via group‐level leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation. Our findings further showed that leaders' upward exchange, leader–leader exchange (LLX), with their own supervisor moderated the negative indirect effect of narcissism on voice such that this negative indirect effect was stronger in the presence of low leader LLX but turned nonsignificant in the presence of high leader LLX. Theoretical and practical implications of our research are discussed. Limitations and directions for future research are also offered.
Supervisor‐Directed Emotional Labor as Upward Influence: An Emotions‐as‐Social‐Information Perspective
Authors: Deng Hong , Walter Frank , Guan Yanjun 
Published: December 2019

SummaryTo access organizational resources, subordinates often strive to influence supervisors' impressions. Moreover, subordinates' interactions with supervisors are known to be ripe with emotions. Nevertheless, research on upward impression management has rarely examined how subordinates' emotion regulation in supervisor interactions may shape their tangible outcomes. The present study introduces subordinates' emotional labor toward supervisors as a novel means of upward influence. Building on the emotions‐as‐social‐information model, we propose that supervisor‐directed emotional labor indirectly relates with supervisory reward recommendations by shaping supervisors' liking and perceived competence of subordinates. Moreover, we cast supervisors' epistemic motivation as a boundary condition for these indirect relations. We tested these notions using time‐lagged data from 377 subordinates and 91 supervisors. When supervisors' epistemic motivation was higher (but not lower), (1) supervisor‐directed surface acting related negatively with supervisors' liking and perceived competence of subordinates and (2) supervisor‐directed deep acting related positively with supervisors' liking of subordinates. Liking and perceived competence, in turn, related positively with supervisors' willingness to recommend subordinates for organizational rewards. These findings highlight supervisor‐directed emotional labor as an upward impression management strategy with both beneficial (deep acting) and detrimental (surface acting) implications, and they illustrate important mechanisms and a key contingency factor for these consequences.
“Killing them with kindness”? A study of service employees' responses to uncivil customers
Authors: Robertson Kirsten , O'Reilly Jane 
Published: December 2019

SummaryExperiencing uncivil customers is a frequent reality for many people working in the service industry. Past research has established that dealing with uncivil customers can be distressing for employees and can sometimes lead them to engage in reciprocal, discourteous behavior. The purpose of our research is to delve deeper into the experience of customer incivility from the perspective of service employees in order to better understand the various ways in which they respond to customer incivility. We conducted 64 interviews with service employees across an array of occupations and developed a typology of responses to customer incivility. These responses fell into four categories based on the extent to which service employees' actions were intended to promote social harmony (and therefore could broadly be considered civil or uncivil), as well as their perceived agency in the situation. We describe how each response was associated with different interpersonal and intrapersonal consequences and explain the implications of our typology for management theory and practice.
NORA10EI: A revised regional atmosphere‐wave hindcast for the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea
Authors: Haakenstad Hilde , Breivik Øyvind , Reistad Magnar , Aarnes Ole J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNORA10EI, a new atmosphere and wave hindcast for the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea and the Barents Sea is presented. The hindcast uses ERA‐Interim as initial and boundary conditions and covers the period 1979–2017. The earlier NORA10 hindcast used ERA‐40 as initial and boundary conditions before September 2002 and operational analyses from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in the continuation. This change in initial and boundary conditions may lead to non‐stationarities in bias and random errors, and it is a question of some concern whether this also leads to spurious trends. We investigate this by comparing the two hindcasts. We find only minor differences in the statistics of means and upper percentiles, but somewhat larger differences in the extremes (100‐year return values) of significant wave height and 10‐m winds. Generally, NORA10EI outperforms NORA10 in the ERA‐40 period (before September 2002) since ERA‐Interim outperforms ERA‐40. Conversely, NORA10 outperforms NORA10EI after 2006, since the operational ECMWF analyses here outperform ERA‐Interim. Years 2002–2006 is a transition period with minor differences between the NORA10 and NORA10EI where the resolution of ERA‐Interim is lower than that of the ECMWF analyses, but its physics are from a more recent model (2006). An important finding is that the regional hindcasts appear quite insensitive to changes in the host reanalysis with no statistically significant differences in mean and upper percentile trends of wind speed and wave height. A comparison of four polar low cases confirms that using ERA‐Interim as host reanalysis yields a slightly better representation of evolution and intensity of polar lows than NORA10 in the ERA‐40 period and the opposite after 2006.
Solar wind signal in the wintertime North Atlantic oscillation and Northern Hemispheric circulation
Authors: Zhu Zhipeng , Zhou Limin , Zheng Xiangmin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe impact of the solar wind on sea level pressure (SLP), sea surface temperature (SST), zonal mean zonal wind (U) and air temperature (T) was examined using multiple linear regression analysis. Our analysis of the December–January–February (DJF) mean fields indicates that significant links between the solar wind speed (SWS) and the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), SST tripolar structure and polar stratospheric temperature. The monthly reanalysis data (November to March) show that high SWS is associated with a poleward‐ and downward‐ propagating solar wind signal from December to February. The response of the Eliassen‐Palmer (EP) flux shows that more planetary wave activity is refracted equatorward in the upper stratosphere under higher SWS conditions, corresponding to an enhanced EP flux convergence in early winter. Enhanced EP flux divergence occurs in the stratosphere starting in January and propagates poleward and downward from January to February. For the coupling mechanism between the stratosphere and troposphere, in addition to chemical‐dynamical processes, cloud microphysical processes associated with the global electric circuit (GEC) might play a role in the downward propagation of the solar wind signal and the modulation of the NAO.