bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Merits of Bilateral Application of Bone-Conduction Devices in Children With Bilateral Conductive Hearing Loss
Authors: den Besten Chrisje A. , Vogt Katharina , Bosman Arjan J. , Snik Ad F. M. , Hol Myrthe K. S. , Agterberg Martijn J. H. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
This study aims to characterize lateralization of sounds and localization of sounds in children with bilateral conductive hearing loss (BCHL) when listening with either one or two percutaneous bone conduction devices (BCDs).

Design:
Sound lateralization was measured with the minimum audible angle test in which children were asked to indicate from which of the two visible speakers the sound originated. Sound localization was measured with a test in which stimuli were presented from speakers that were not visible to the children. In the sound localization test, 150 ms broadband noise bursts were presented, and sound level was roved over a 20-dB range. Because speakers were not visible the localization response was not affected by any visual cue. The sound localization test provides a clear distinction between lateralization and localization of sounds. Ten children with congenital BCHL and one child with acquired BCHL participated.

Results:
Both lateralization and sound localization were better with bilateral BCDs compared with the unilaterally aided conditions. In the bilateral BCD condition, lateralization was close to normal in nearly all the children. The localization test demonstrated lateralization rather than sound localization behavior when listening with bilateral BCDs. Furthermore, in the unilateral aided condition, stimuli presented at different sound levels were mainly perceived at the same location.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that, in contrast to listening with two BCDs, children demonstrated difficulties in lateralization of sounds and in sound localization when listening with just one BCD (i.e., one BCD turned off). Because both lateralization and sound localization behavior were tested, it could be demonstrated that these children are more able to lateralize than localize sounds when listening with bilateral BCDs. The present study provides insight in (sub-optimal) sound localization capabilities of children with congenital BCHL in the unilateral-aided and bilateral-aided condition. Despite the sub-optimal results on sound localization, this study underlines the merits of bilateral application of BCDs in such children.
Patient-reported Outcomes in Arthrogryposis
Authors: Wall Lindley B. , Vuillerman Carley , Miller Patricia E. , Bae Donald S. , Goldfarb Charles A. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Little is known about patient-reported health status in children and adolescents with arthrogryposis. Utilizing the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) questionnaires, we investigated functional and psychosocial measures in arthrogryposis.

Methods:
A total of 118 patients with arthrogryposis were identified from a prospective longitudinal cohort (the Congenital Upper Limb Difference Registry) from 2014 to 2018. Demographics and patient-reported outcome measures were evaluated, including the PROMIS [upper extremity (UE) function, pain, depression, anxiety, and peer relations] and PODCI questionnaires (UE function, pain, happiness, and global function).

Results:
A total of 29 arthrogrypotic patients had complete PROMIS and PODCI data. This cohort was divided into distal arthrogryposis and amyoplasia groups, with 15 and 14 patients in each group, respectively. There were 8 males in the distal arthrogryposis group with a median age of 9 years and 7 males in the amyoplasia group with a median age of 8 years. For both cohorts, the median UE function PROMIS scores were significantly below population norms, 31 for distal arthrogryposis and 22 for amyoplasia. PODCI UE function was statistically lower for amyoplasia compared with the distal arthrogryposis cohort. PROMIS pain, depression, anxiety, and peer relations were in the normal range for both amyopasia and distal arthrogryposis. Median PODCI pain and happiness ranged from 85 to 88 for all patients with no statistical difference between groups.

Conclusions:
Arthrogryposis patients have lower UE function scores compared with population normals, but they have emotional states that are consistent with populations norms. Amyoplasia patients were functionally worse than distal arthrogryposis patients.

Levels of Evidence:
Level II.
Mitochondrial Translocation of DJ-1 Is Mediated by Grp75: Implication in Cardioprotection of Resveratrol Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Zhou Ting-Ting , Wang Xue-Ying , Huang Jiao , Deng Yi-Zhang , Qiu Le-Jia , Liu Hao-Yue , Xu Xing-Wang , Ma Zhao-Xia , Tang Lei , Chen He-Ping 
Published: February 2020

Abstract:
Resveratrol (Res) was recently reported to ameliorate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-caused oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes through promoting the mitochondrial translocation of DJ-1 protein and subsequently preserving the activity of mitochondrial complex I. However, it is noteworthy that DJ-1 possesses no mitochondria-targeting sequence. Therefore, how Res induces DJ-1 mitochondrial translocation is an important and interesting question for further exploration. Glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75), whose N-terminus contains a 51-amino acid long mitochondrial-targeting signal peptide, is a cytoprotective chaperone that partakes in mitochondrial import of several proteins. Here, the contribution of Grp75 to mitochondrial import of DJ-1 by Res was investigated in a cellular model of H/R. Our results showed that Res upregulated the expression of DJ-1 protein, enhanced the interaction of DJ-1 and Grp75, and promoted DJ-1 translocation to mitochondria from cytosol in H9c2 cardiomyocytes undergoing H/R. Importantly, knockdown of Grp75 markedly reduced the interaction of DJ-1 with Grp75 and subsequent DJ-1 mitochondrial translocation induced by Res. Furthermore, Res pretreatment promoted the association of DJ-1 with ND1 and NDUFA4 subunits of complex I, preserved the activity of complex I, decreased mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production, and eventually ameliorated H/R-caused oxidative stress damage. Intriguingly, these effects were largely prevented also by small interfering RNA targeting Grp75. Overall, these results suggested that Grp75 interacts with DJ-1 to facilitate its translocation from cytosol to mitochondria, which is required for Res-mediated preservation of mitochondria complex I and cardioprotection from H/R-caused oxidative stress injury.
Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease in the Post Hexavalent Era
Authors: Ricci Silvia , Canessa Clementina , Lodi Lorenzo , Giovannini Mattia , Lippi Francesca , Moriondo Maria , Nieddu Francesco , Azzari Chiara 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The epidemiologic characteristics of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease (HIBD) have markedly changed since the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine worldwide. The immunization schedule against Haemophilus influenzae type b differs in Europe.

Methods:
This is a retrospective observational study which evaluates all the data included in the molecular surveillance register for invasive infectious diseases at the Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis at Meyer Children’s University Hospital from December 2008 to December 2018 with a diagnosis of invasive HIBD in children <5 years of age.

Results:
We identified 4 cases of HIBD: all the cases presented signs or symptoms of invasive infection and the H. influenzae type b was identified in cerebrospinal fluid, or blood or bronchoalveolar lavage by molecular test. The crude incidence for Hib invasive disease in Tuscany is 0.26/100,000 p-y in children younger than 5 years, significantly different from the incidence rate before the introduction of the Hib vaccination. Vaccination effectiveness can be estimated at 97.9% and the impact of hexavalent (2p+1) vaccine at 99.6%.

Conclusions:
This work confirms the high impact of the hexavalent vaccine 2p+1 schedule for HIBD in children <5 years, emphasizing the role of molecular test for HIBD diagnosis and surveillance.
Labor Market Participation Before and After Long-Term Part-Time Sickness Absence in Finland
Authors: Ervasti Jenni , Kausto Johanna , Koskinen Aki , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Joensuu Matti , Turunen Jarno , Oksanen Tuula , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To examine trends in labor market participation among those with long-term part-time or long-term full-time sickness absence.

Methods:
Finnish population-based cohort study including 3406 individuals with greater than 30-day part-time sickness absence in 2011 and 42,944 individuals with greater than 30-day full-time sickness absence in 2011.

Results:
Compared to previous years, the rates of sickness absence and vocational rehabilitation increased after 2011 in both groups. Sickness absence rate was higher in 2012 in the full-time sickness absence group than in the part-time sickness absence group. An increasing trend in unemployment after 2011 was observed in both groups, but the absolute level of unemployment was higher in the full-time sickness absence group.

Conclusion:
Long-term part-time sickness absence seems to mark a decline in labor market participation, but the decline is smaller than that in employees with full-time sickness absence.
Reasons for Staying With Your Employer
Authors: Steiner Sarah , Cropley Mark , Simonds Laura , Heron Richard 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Drawing upon the social exchange theory, this study developed and tested a theoretical model to identify factors predicting intentions to stay within a global energy business.

Methods:
Structural equation modeling was applied to an annual employee survey (N = 30,094).

Results:
The most significant factors predicting intention to stay were organizational engagement (when employees are seen to role model company values and behaviors) and relationship with supervisor (when “my manager treats me fairly”). Perceived supervisor support (when employees believe that the company “really cares about my health and well-being”) and communication significantly predicted both work engagement and organizational commitment.

Conclusion:
When employees believe that their supervisor is concerned about their well-being, recognizes their contributions, and role-models the organization's values, they reported more engagement and a stronger commitment to remain with the organization.
A Case of Medial Tibial Crest Friction Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Medial Knee Pain
Authors: Johnson Wade O. , Johnson Adam C. , Payne Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract:
Knee pain is among the most common problems in active patients, with common causes of medial knee pain including meniscal injury, osteoarthritis, medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury, and pes anserine bursopathy/distal hamstring tendinopathy. Some cases of medial knee pain are refractory to standard treatment options and may be caused by rare pathology. We present a case of medial knee pain secondary to medial tibial crest friction syndrome (MTCFS) in a 22-year-old male training for a sprint triathlon after rapidly increasing his training program. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bone marrow and soft-tissue edema about the MTC deep to the MCL consistent with MTCFS. The patient failed a period of relative rest and activity modification, but improved with corticosteroid injection deep to the MCL in the location of his symptoms. This case highlights a potential management option for MTCFS, a disorder previously described only in radiologic literature.
The Functional Impact of the Absence of a Bulbocavernosus Reflex in the Postoperative Period After a Motor-Complete Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Greciet Nicolas , Mac-Thiong Jean-Marc , Nguyen Bich-Han , Richard-Denis Andréane 
Published: February 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the absence of a bulbocavernosus reflex in the postoperative period on the neurological and functional recovery 6–12 mos after a motor-complete traumatic spinal cord injury.

Design
A retrospective review of a prospective database was completed among 66 patients. The functional and neurological statuses between individuals with and without a bulbocavernosus reflex were compared. A general linear model was used to investigate the association between the postoperative bulbocavernosus reflex status and the functional outcome, using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure.

Results
Forty percent of the cohort had no bulbocavernosus reflex 5 days after trauma. Individuals with a bulbocavernosus reflex showed a higher rate of American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade conversion, improvement of the level of injury, and higher functional scores; however, it did not reach a significant level. The bulbocavernosus reflex status in the postoperative period was not significantly associated with the functional status 6–12 mos after injury.

Conclusions
Late recovery of the bulbocavernosus reflex in the postoperative period may be associated with poorer neurological and functional outcome for individuals sustaining a motor-complete traumatic spinal cord injury, for which the prognosis estimation is limited. A prospective study including a larger number of patients is necessary to confirm results of this study.
Patients’ Perspective on Carpal Tunnel Release with WALANT or Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Ayhan Egemen , Akaslan Filiz 
Published: February 2020

Background:
The authors conducted a prospective study to compare patients’ intraoperative experience of open carpal tunnel release under “wide awake, local anesthesia, no tourniquet” (WALANT) on the one hand and intravenous regional anesthesia on the other. The authors hypothesized that WALANT would offer a better intraoperative experience than intravenous regional anesthesia.

Methods:
Twenty-four patients with bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome had one hand operated on using WALANT and the contralateral hand with the intravenous regional anesthesia method. At the postoperative second hour, patients completed a questionnaire to quantify their pain levels on a numerical rating scale and compare the operation with dental procedures. They were also asked about their expectations and feelings about reoperation with the anesthesia methods. The results were compared for the two anesthesia methods.

Results:
There were no significant differences between numerical rating scale pain values during anesthetic administration or for surgical site pain on the WALANT and intravenous regional anesthesia sides. Patients reported moderate tourniquet pain for intravenous regional anesthesia sides. For WALANT sides, a significantly higher number of patients reported carpal tunnel release to be an easier procedure than dental procedures (91.6 percent WALANT and 37.5 percent intravenous regional anesthesia). For WALANT sides, a significantly higher number of patients reported carpal tunnel release to be an easier procedure than they expected (91.6 percent WALANT and 50 percent intravenous regional anesthesia). For the reoperation, 83.3 percent of patients preferred WALANT, 8.3 percent preferred intravenous regional anesthesia, and 8.3 percent reported no preference.

Conclusions:
WALANT offered a better intraoperative experience. Tourniquet pain, preoperative preparation basics, and the extended anesthesia duration are likely the major drawbacks of the intravenous regional anesthesia method.
Neurodevelopment of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants Born to Women With Perinatally Acquired HIV in the United States
Authors: Jao Jennifer , Kacanek Deborah , Yu Wendy , Williams Paige L. , Patel Kunjal , Burchett Sandra , Scott Gwendolyn , Abrams Elaine J. , Sperling Rhoda S. , Van Dyke Russell B. , Smith Renee , Malee Kathleen ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Published: February 2020

Background:
Lifelong HIV and antiretroviral therapy may confer neurodevelopmental risk on the children of women with perinatally acquired HIV infection (PHIV).

Setting:
We analyzed data from HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants born to women with PHIV vs. non–perinatally acquired HIV (NPHIV) enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for Antiretroviral Therapy Toxicities (SMARTT) study.

Methods:
Using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third Ed. (Bayley-III), we compared neurodevelopmental outcomes at the age of 1 year in HEU infants born to women with PHIV vs. NPHIV. Those with valid Bayley-III data at the age of 1 year and a mother born after 1982 were included. Cognitive, language, and motor domains were assessed as continuous composite scores. Linear mixed effects models were fit to estimate the mean difference in Bayley-III scores between groups, adjusting for confounders.

Results:
Five hundred fifty women with HIV gave birth to 678 HEU children (125 and 553 born to women with PHIV and NPHIV, respectively). Mean scores for each of the Bayley-III domains were not significantly different between infants born to women with PHIV vs. NPHIV in unadjusted models. After adjustment, infants of women with PHIV had lower language (91.9 vs. 94.8, P = 0.05) and motor (93.7 vs. 96.8, P = 0.03) composite scores, but no differences in cognitive composite scores.

Conclusions:
Cognitive domain outcomes of infants born to women with PHIV vs. NPHIV are reassuring. Differences in early language and motor functioning, while of modest clinical significance, highlight the importance of long-term monitoring of neurodevelopment in children of women with PHIV.
Laparoscopic Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal (SASI) Bypass for Patients With Morbid Obesity: Technical Description and Short-term Outcomes
Authors: Madyan Amr , Emile Sameh H. , Abdel-Razik Mohamed A. , Ellithy Ramadan , Elbanna Hosam G. , Elshobaky Ayman 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Morbid obesity has been recognized as a public health crisis, particularly in developed countries. Single anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass has been introduced as a novel bariatric and metabolic procedure. The present study aimed to describe the technical steps and assess the short-term outcomes of SASI bypass in patients with super morbid obesity.

Patients and Methods:
Adult patients of both sexes with body mass index (BMI) ≥50 kg/m2 underwent SASI bypass and were followed for 12 months postoperatively. Changes in BMI, excess weight loss (EWL), and improvement in comorbidities were recorded on follow-up.

Results:
Twenty patients (17 female) of the mean age of 35.4 years were included in the study. The mean preoperative BMI (53.7±5.9) showed a significant decrease at 6 months (39.9±5.2) and then at 12 months (33.6±6) postoperatively. The mean %EWL was 44.3±7.8 at 6 months and 65.2±12.6 at 12 months. All patients with diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, and reflux esophagitis showed resolution at 12 months after the SASI bypass. Complications were recorded in 2 patients and no mortality was reported.

Conclusions:
SASI bypass is an effective and safe bariatric procedure that confers significant loss of weight and improvement in medical comorbidities. As compared with previous studies on patients with lower BMI, patients with super morbid obesity attained lower %EWL but similar resolution of diabetes mellitus at 12 months after SASI bypass.
Novel neuroprotection using antioxidant nanoparticles in a mouse model of head trauma
Authors: Takahashi Toshihide , Marushima Aiki , Nagasaki Yukio , Hirayama Aki , Muroi Ai , Puentes Sandra , Mujagic Arnela , Ishikawa Eiichi , Matsumura Akira 
Published: February 2020

INTRODUCTION
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species are related to deteriorating pathological conditions after head trauma because of their secondary effects. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) scavenges free radicals; however, this molecule is also toxic. Here, we have evaluated the neuroprotective effect of antioxidant nanoparticles, which consisted of a novel core-shell type nanoparticle containing 4-amino-TEMPO, that is, redox-active nitroxide radical–containing nanoparticles (RNPs).

METHODS
Institute of Cancer Research mice were subjected to a head-impact procedure, randomly divided into four groups and intravenously (3 mg/kg) administered phosphate-buffered saline, TEMPO, micelle (a self-assembling block copolymer micelle without a TEMPO moiety), or RNP through the tail vein immediately thereafter and intraperitoneally at days 1, 3, and 5 after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The RNP distribution was detected by rhodamine labeling. Cognitive behavior was assessed using the neurological severity score and a rotarod test at days 1, 3, and 7 following TBI, and contusion volume was measured at day 7 after TBI. Free radical-scavenging capacity was analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance on day 1 after TBI, and immunostaining was used to observe mobilization of microglia (Iba-1) and rescued neuronal cells (NeuN).

RESULTS
Redox-active nitroxide radical–containing nanoparticle was detected in the microvessels around the injured area in the brain. Cognitive behavior assessment was significantly better, and contusion volume was significantly smaller in the RNP group compared with the other groups. Superoxide anion scavenging capacity was significantly higher in the RNP group, and neuronal loss was significantly suppressed around the injured area at day 7 after TBI. Furthermore, in the RNP group, neurodegenerative microglia production was suppressed at days 3 and 7 after TBI, whereas neuroprotective microglia production was higher at day 7 after TBI.

CONCLUSION
The RNP administration after TBI improved cognitive behavior and reduced contusion volume by improving reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity. Therefore, RNP may have a neuroprotective effect after TBI.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic test.
Hedgehog Signalling Modulates Glial Proteostasis and Lifespan
Authors: Rallis Andrew , Navarro Juan A. , Rass Mathias , Hu Amélie , Birman Serge , Schneuwly Stephan , Thérond Pascal P. 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYThe conserved Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has a well-established role in animal development, however its function during adulthood remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether the Hh signaling pathway is active during adult life inDrosophila melanogasterand uncovered a protective function for Hh signaling in coordinating correct proteostasis in glial cells. Adult-specific depletion of Hh reduces lifespan, locomotor activity and dopaminergic neuron integrity. Conversely, increased expression of Hh extends lifespan and improves fitness. Moreover, Hh pathway activation in glia rescues the lifespan and age-associated defects ofhedgehog(hh) mutants. At the molecular level, the Hh pathway regulates downstream chaperones, principallyhsp40andhsp68, whose overexpression in glial cells rescues the shortened lifespan and proteostasis defects ofhhmutants. Finally, we demonstrate the protective ability of Hh signalling in aDrosophilaAlzheimer’s disease model expressing human Amyloid Beta (Aβ1-42) in the glia. Overall, we propose that Hh signalling is requisite for lifespan determination and correct proteostasis in glial cells and may have potential in ameliorating a wide range of degenerative diseases.