bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The alteration of gut microbiome and metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Authors: Zeng Qianqian , Shen Jie , Chen Kangzhi , Zhou Jinxia , Liao Qiao , Lu Ke , Yuan Jiao , Bi Fangfang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied with severe paralysis or even death, while the pathogenesis of ALS is still unclear and no effective therapy exists. The accumulating evidence has indicated the association between gut microbiota and various neurological diseases. Thus, to explore the potential role of gut microbiome in ALS, 20 patients diagnosed with probable or definite ALS and 20 healthy controls were enrolled and their fecal excrements were collected. The analysis of fecal community diversity with 16S rDNA sequencing showed an obvious change in microbial structure of ALS patients, where Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and several microbes at the genus level were up-regulated, while Firmicutes at the phylum level and Megamonas at the genus level were down-regulated compared to healthy controls. Additionally, decreased gene function associated with metabolic pathways was observed in ALS patients. The metagenomics further demonstrated the discrepancies in microflora at the species level and relevant metabolites thereof were also revealed when combined with metabolomics. In conclusion, the altered composition of the gut microbiota and metabolic products in ALS patients provided deeper insights into the pathogenesis of ALS, and these biomarkers might be established as potential therapeutic targets which deserve further exploration.
Intracellular and tissue specific expression of FTO protein in pig: changes with age, energy intake and metabolic status
Authors: Ferenc Karolina , Pilžys Tomaš , Garbicz Damian , Marcinkowski Michał , Skorobogatov Oleksandr , Dylewska Małgorzata , Gajewski Zdzisław , Grzesiuk Elżbieta , Zabielski Romuald 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenome-wide association studies in theFTOgene have identified SNPs correlating with obesity and type 2 diabetes. In mice, lack ofFtofunction leads to intrauterine growth retardation and lean phenotype, whereas in human it is lethal. The aim of this study in a pig model was to determine the localization of the FTO protein in different tissues and cell compartments, in order to investigate potential targets of FTO action. To better understand physiological role of FTO protein, its expression was studied in pigs of different age, metabolic status and nutrition, using both microscopic methods and Western blot analysis. For the first time, FTO protein was found in vivo in the cytoplasm, of not all, but specific tissues and cells e.g. in the pancreatic β-cells. Abundant FTO protein expression was found in the cerebellum, salivary gland and kidney of adult pigs. No FTO protein expression was detected in blood, saliva, and bile, excluding its role in cell-to-cell communication. In the pancreas, FTO protein expression was positively associated with energy intake, whereas in the muscles it was strictly age-related. In IUGR piglets, FTO protein expression was much higher in the cerebellum and kidneys, as compared to normal birth body weight littermates. In conclusion, our data suggest that FTO protein may play a number of distinct, yet unknown intracellular functions due to its localization. Moreover, it may play a role in animal growth/development and metabolic state, although additional studies are necessary to clarify the detailed mechanism(s) of action.
GLUT1-mediated glycolysis supports GnRH-induced secretion of luteinizing hormone from female gonadotropes
Authors: Nicholas Dequina A. , Knight Vashti S. , Tonsfeldt Karen J. , Terasaka Tomohiro , Molinar-Inglis Olivia , Stephens Shannon B. Z. , Trejo JoAnn , Kauffman Alexander S. , Mellon Pamela L. , Lawson Mark A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe mechanisms mediating suppression of reproduction in response to decreased nutrient availability remain undefined, with studies suggesting regulation occurs within the hypothalamus, pituitary, or gonads. By manipulating glucose utilization and GLUT1 expression in a pituitary gonadotrope cell model and in primary gonadotropes, we show GLUT1-dependent stimulation of glycolysis, but not mitochondrial respiration, by the reproductive neuropeptide GnRH. GnRH stimulation increases gonadotrope GLUT1 expression and translocation to the extracellular membrane. Maximal secretion of the gonadotropin Luteinizing Hormone is supported by GLUT1 expression and activity, and GnRH-induced glycolysis is recapitulated in primary gonadotropes. GLUT1 expression increases in vivo during the GnRH-induced ovulatory LH surge and correlates with GnRHR. We conclude that the gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary sense glucose availability and integrate this status with input from the hypothalamus via GnRH receptor signaling to regulate reproductive hormone synthesis and secretion.
Intraarticular vancomycin powder is effective in preventing infections following total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Matziolis Georg , Brodt Steffen , Böhle Sabrina , Kirschberg Julia , Jacob Benjamin , Röhner Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLocally applied vancomycin is increasingly being used in primary hip and knee arthroplasty to reduce the risk of infection. Despite encouraging initial results, considerable debate remains on the basis of the data currently available. In particular, it has been unclear up to now whether local vancomycin is suitable to further reduce the risk of infection even if the rate of infection is already low (< 1%). In this monocentric retrospective cohort study, all primary total hip and knee arthroplasties performed between 2013 and 2018 were included. After a change in procedure at the hospital, 1 g vancomycin powder was applied intraarticularly before wound closure. The remaining perioperative procedure was constant over the investigation period. The follow-up was one year. The presence of an infection according to the currently valid MSIS criteria was defined as the endpoint. In patients with TKA two infections (0.3%) were observed under vancomycin prophylaxis in contrast to 44 infections (1.3%) in the control group (p = 0.033). In patients with THA two infections (0.5%) were observed under vancomycin prophylaxis and 48 infections (1.1%) in the control group without local vancomycin but this difference was statistically not significant. No wound complications requiring revision were observed as a result of the vancomycin. On the basis of the results of this study, intraarticular application of vancomycin powder in total hip and knee arthroplasty may be considered. Prospective randomized studies have to confirm this promising results prior a common recommendation.Level of Evidence III Retrospective cohort study.
Of city and village mice: behavioural adjustments of striped field mice to urban environments
Authors: Dammhahn Melanie , Mazza Valeria , Schirmer Annika , Göttsche Claudia , Eccard Jana A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA fundamental question of current ecological research concerns the drives and limits of species responses to human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC). Behavioural responses to HIREC are a key component because behaviour links individual responses to population and community changes. Ongoing fast urbanization provides an ideal setting to test the functional role of behaviour for responses to HIREC. Consistent behavioural differences between conspecifics (animal personality) may be important determinants or constraints of animals’ adaptation to urban habitats. We tested whether urban and rural populations of small mammals differ in mean trait expression, flexibility and repeatability of behaviours associated to risk-taking and exploratory tendencies. Using a standardized behavioural test in the field, we quantified spatial exploration and boldness of striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius, n = 96) from nine sub-populations, presenting different levels of urbanisation and anthropogenic disturbance. The level of urbanisation positively correlated with boldness, spatial exploration and behavioural flexibility, with urban dwellers being bolder, more explorative and more flexible in some traits than rural conspecifics. Thus, individuals seem to distribute in a non-random way in response to human disturbance based on their behavioural characteristics. Animal personality might therefore play a key role in successful coping with the challenges of HIREC.
Temporal dynamics of resting EEG networks are associated with prosociality
Authors: Schiller Bastian , Kleinert Tobias , Teige-Mocigemba Sarah , Klauer Karl Christoph , Heinrichs Markus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs prosociality is key to facing many of our societies’ global challenges (such as fighting a global pandemic), we need to better understand why some individuals are more prosocial than others. The present study takes a neural trait approach, examining whether the temporal dynamics of resting EEG networks are associated with inter-individual differences in prosociality. In two experimental sessions, we collected 55 healthy males’ resting EEG, their self-reported prosocial concern and values, and their incentivized prosocial behavior across different reward domains (money, time) and social contexts (collective, individual). By means of EEG microstate analysis we identified the temporal coverage of four canonical resting networks (microstates A, B, C, and D) and their mutual communication in order to examine their association with an aggregated index of prosociality. Participants with a higher coverage of microstate A and more transitions from microstate C to A were more prosocial. Our study demonstrates that temporal dynamics of intrinsic brain networks can be linked to complex social behavior. On the basis of previous findings on links of microstate A with sensory processing, our findings suggest that participants with a tendency to engage in bottom-up processing during rest behave more prosocially than others.
Bone marrow mammaglobin-1 (SCGB2A2) immunohistochemistry expression as a breast cancer specific marker for early detection of bone marrow micrometastases
Authors: Talaat Iman Mamdouh , Hachim Mahmood Yaseen , Hachim Ibrahim Yaseen , Ibrahim Ramez Abd El-Razak , Ahmed Mohamed Abd El Rahman , Tayel Hanan Yehia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite all the advances in the management of breast cancer (BC), patients with distance metastasis are still considered incurable with poor prognosis. For that reason, early detection of the metastatic lesions is crucial to improve patients’ life span as well as quality of life. Many markers were proposed to be used as biomarkers for metastatic BC lesions, however many of them lack organ specificity. This highlights the need for novel markers that are more specific in detecting disseminated BC lesions. Here, we investigated mammaglobin-1 expression as a potential and specific marker for metastatic BC lesions using our patient cohort consisting of 30 newly diagnosed BC patients. For all patients, bone marrow (BM) aspiration, BM biopsy stained by H&E and BM immunohistochemically stained for mammaglobin-1 were performed. In addition, the CA15-3 in both serum and bone marrow plasma was also evaluated for each patient. Indeed, mammaglobin-1 immuno-staining was able to detect BM micrometastases in 16/30 patients (53.3%) compared to only 5/30 patients (16.7%) in BM biopsy stained by H&E and no cases detected by BM aspirate (0%). In addition, our results showed a trend of association between mammaglobin-1 immunoreactivity and the serum and BM plasma CA15-3. Further validation was done using large publicly available databases. Our results showed that mammaglobin-1 gene expression to be specifically upregulated in BC patients’ samples compared to normal tissue as well as samples from other cancers. Moreover, our findings also showed mammaglobin-1 expression to be a marker of tumour progression presented as lymph nodes involvement and distant metastasis. These results provide an initial evidence for the use of mammaglobin-1 (SCGB2A2) immunostaining in bone marrow as a tool to investigate early BM micrometastases in breast cancer.
Ideal spectral emissivity for radiative cooling of earthbound objects
Authors: Jeon Suwan , Shin Jonghwa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the fundamental limit of radiative cooling of objects on the Earth's surfaces under general conditions including nonradiative heat transfer. We deduce the lowest steady-state temperature attainable and highest net radiative cooling power density available as a function of temperature. We present the exact spectral emissivity that can reach such limiting values, and show that the previously used 8–13 μm atmospheric window is highly inappropriate in low-temperature cases. The critical need for materials with simultaneously optimized optical and thermal properties is also identified. These results provide a reference against which radiative coolers can be benchmarked.
Detecting protein and post-translational modifications in single cells with iDentification and qUantification sEparaTion (DUET)
Authors: Zhang Yandong , Sohn Changho , Lee Seoyeon , Ahn Heejeong , Seo Jinyoung , Cao Junyue , Cai Long 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile technologies for measuring transcriptomes in single cells have matured, methods for measuring proteins and their post-translational modification (PTM) states in single cells are still being actively developed. Unlike nucleic acids, proteins cannot be amplified, making detection of minute quantities from single cells difficult. Here, we develop a strategy to detect targeted protein and its PTM isoforms in single cells. We barcode the proteins from single cells by tagging them with oligonucleotides, pool barcoded cells together, run bulk gel electrophoresis to separate protein and its PTM isoform and quantify their abundances by sequencing the oligonucleotides associated with each protein species. We used this strategy, iDentification and qUantification sEparaTion (DUET), to measure histone protein H2B and its monoubiquitination isoform, H2Bub, in single yeast cells. Our results revealed the heterogeneities of H2B ubiquitination levels in single cells from different cell-cycle stages, which is obscured in ensemble measurements.
Antiferroelectricity in a family of pyroxene-like oxides with rich polymorphism
Authors: Aramberri Hugo , Íñiguez Jorge 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAntiferroelectrics have potential applications in energy conversion and storage, but are scarce, particularly among oxides that otherwise display rich ferroic behaviours. A question then arises whether potential antiferroelectrics are being overlooked, simply because their corresponding ferroelectric phase has not been discovered yet. Here we report a first-principles study suggesting that this is the case for a family of ABO3 pyroxene-like materials, characterised by chains of corner-sharing BO4 tetrahedra, a well-known member being KVO3. The irregular tetrahedra have an electric dipole associated to them. In the most stable polymorph, the dipoles display an antipolar pattern with zero net moment. However, upon application of an electric field, half of the tetrahedra rotate, flipping the corresponding dipoles and reaching a ferroelectric state. We discuss the unique possibilities for tuning and optimisation of antiferroelectricity that these materials offer. We suggest that the structural features enabling this antiferroelectric behaviour can also be found in other all-important mineral families.
Homöopathische Betrachtung der Kraniomandibulären Dysfunktion
Authors: Elies Michael K.H. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungBei der Kraniomandibulären Dysfunktion (CMD) handelt es sich um ein syndromales Geschehen. Für die Arzneimitteldiagnose spielt die Antwort auf die Frage, ob die CMD Ursache oder Folge einer Störung der Lebenskraft (Krankheit) ist, die maßgebliche Rolle. Praktisch bewährte Arzneimittel für beide therapeutische Situationen werden dargestellt. Bemerkenswert ist, dass die homöopathischen Arzneimittelbilder in ihren Symptomen mit den Erfahrungen anderer nichtmedikamentöser Heilsysteme – wie Akupunktur und Osteopathie – korrespondieren. In der schmerztherapeutischen Praxis eignet sich die Homöopathie damit sehr gut zur Therapiekoordination.
“Quod licet Chefarzt …”: The Impact of Perceived Hierarchy on Working Atmosphere and Quality of Work in Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery. Results of a Survey Among 799 Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgeons in Germany
Authors: Seemann Ricarda Johanna , Münzberg Matthias , Mutschler Manuel , Sterz Jasmina , Hoffmann Reinhard , Ruesseler Miriam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction Surgical departments are discredited as guardians of traditional structures of hierarchy. Hierarchy and working climate have a large share in human factor, being made responsible for 70% of avoidable errors in medicine. Aim of this study was the assessment of these topics amongst physicians in the field of orthopedics and traumatology.
Material and Methods A questionnaire of 10 questions was digitally handed to DGOU members. 799 questionnaires were answered.
Results We found significant differences in the assessment of hierarchy and working atmosphere amongst the physician groups. Working atmosphere was perceived as not appreciative by registrars only. All groups were in favor of a hierarchy rather close to, but nut absolutely on equal terms. All groups attach high influence of working atmosphere on quality of daily work.
Discussion Literature shows that hierarchic differentiation can increase performance of a team, while rigid hierarchy structures can lead to mistakes. Although hierarchy in orthopedics and traumatology seems to be less pronounced than assumed, hierarchy has great influence on daily work.
Conclusion In order to achieve a safety oriented medical environment, it will be of great importance to define hierarchy structures in clinics and to utilize them efficiently as a part of safety culture.
Peri- und postoperatives Ergebnis nach Nierentumorchirurgie bei pT1/pT2-Nierenzellkarzinom – eine retrospektive Zentrumsanalyse der funktionellen und onkologischen Ergebnisse
Authors: Ralla Bernhard , Buhl Stephanie , Goranova Irena , Maxeiner Andreas , Friedersdorff Frank , Magheli Ahmed , Hinz Stefan , Fuller Florian T. , Miller Kurt , Busch Jonas 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Für lokalisierte Nierenzellkarzinome (NZK) stellt die chirurgische Entfernung den einzigen kurativen Therapieansatz dar. Ziele der vorliegenden Arbeit waren die retrospektive Untersuchung peri- und postoperativer Verläufe sowie die Erhebung des onkologischen und funktionellen Langzeitverlaufs in Abhängigkeit vom angewandten operativen Verfahren bei Patienten mit NZK im Stadium pT1/pT2.
Patienten und Methoden Insgesamt wurden 758 Patienten mit NZK im Stadium pT1/pT2 eingeschlossen, die zwischen 01/2008 und 10/2014 eine radikale (RN) bzw. partielle Nephrektomie (PN) an der Klinik für Urologie der Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin erhielten. Prä-, peri- und postoperative Parameter wurden retrospektiv aus elektronisch gespeicherten Dokumenten des Klinikinformationssystems erhoben. Die Erhebung der onkologischen (Frage nach Rezidiv, Metastasierung bzw. Gesamtüberleben) und funktionellen (Nierenfunktion im Langzeitverlauf, Evaluation der Lebensqualität mittels QLQ-C30-Fragebogen) Nachsorgedaten erfolgte mit postalisch zugesandten Patientenfragebögen, strukturierten Telefoninterviews und Abfragen der Sterberegister der Einwohnermeldeämter. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv. Zur Berechnung des progressionsfreien, metastasenfreien und Gesamtüberlebens wurden Kaplan-Meier-Analysen angewandt.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse der peri- und postoperativen RN/PN-Datenauswertung zeigten für laparoskopisch durchgeführte Verfahren gegenüber den offenen Verfahren einen geringeren Blutverlust sowie niedrigere peri- und postoperative Komplikationsraten. Die funktionellen Kurz- und Langzeitergebnisse der Nierenfunktion zeigten nach RN einen höheren Anstieg des Serumkreatinins und eine stärkere Abnahme der glomerulären Filtrationsrate (eGFR). Kein Unterschied zeigte sich im Gesundheitszustand bzw. in der Lebensqualität. Das mediane Follow-up betrug 36 Monate und konnte in 65,8 % der Fälle durchgeführt werden. Insgesamt verstarben 10,4 % der Patienten, 4,7 % der Patienten entwickelten ein Rezidiv, bei 8,4 % trat eine Metastasierung auf. Onkologische Langzeitergebnisse zeigten keinen Unterschied zwischen dem laparoskopischen und offenen Verfahren für jeweils RN/PN.
Diskussion Zusammenfassend stellten alle chirurgischen Verfahren, die in dieser Arbeit untersucht wurden, sichere Therapieverfahren mit guten onkologischen und funktionellen Kurz- und Langzeitergebnissen dar. Laparoskopische operative Verfahren zeigten niedrigere intra- und postoperative Komplikationsraten im Vergleich zu offenen Verfahren. Weiterhin konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied hinsichtlich des Gesamtüberlebens und der Lebensqualität im Follow-up zwischen ORN und LRN bzw. OPN und LPN nachgewiesen werden.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) für die Behandlung von Knochenmetastasen beim oligometastasierten Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Sage Eva Katharina , Vogel Marco M. E. , Dewes Sabrina , Devecka Michal , Eiber Matthias , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Combs Stephanie E. , Schiller Kilian 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die lokale Strahlentherapie von Metastasen bei Prostatakarzinompatienten in der oligometastasierten Situation hat in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Um die Wirkung auf das Outcome weiter zu evaluieren, haben wir oligometastasierte Prostatakarzinompatienten, die eine stereotaktische Strahlentherapie (SBRT) von Knochenmetastasen erhielten, untersucht.
Patienten und Methodik Es wurden 24 Patienten mit insgesamt 30 Knochenmetastasen eingeschlossen und das Ansprechen auf die SBRT (biochemisch und bildgebend) sowie das progressionsfreie Überleben und das Zeitintervall bis zum Beginn einer antihormonellen Therapie (aHT) untersucht.
Ergebnisse Das mittlere Follow-up-Intervall nach Abschluss der SBRT lag bei 32,7 Monaten (1,4–84 Monate). Die SBRT wurde ohne das Auftreten von Akut- oder Spät-Nebenwirkungen sehr gut vertragen. Bei 16 Patienten kam es zu einem Abfall des PSA-Wertes von im Mittel 4,58 ng/ml (0,05–50,25 ng/ml) vor der SBRT auf 1,19 ng/ml (0,01–8,85 ng/ml) nach Abschluss der SBRT. Das mittlere biochemische progressionsfreie Überleben dieser Patienten betrug 17,6 Monate (0,7–85,0 Monate). 6 Patienten erhielten bereits vor der SBRT oder parallel dazu eine aHT. Bei 10 Patienten wurde die aHT nach einem mittleren Intervall von 20,6 Monaten (1,8–85,0 Monate) nach Abschluss der SBRT initiiert, während weitere 6 Patienten keine aHT während des gesamten Beobachtungszeitraums erhielten. Bei 18 der 30 Metastasen konnte im Bereich der SBRT im PSMA-PET eine Abnahme der PSMA-Expression im Sinne eines partiellen funktionellen Ansprechens beobachtet werden, während bei 5 Patienten nach SBRT eine gleichbleibende PSMA-Überexpression bestand und bei 7 Patienten keine PSMA-Bildgebung vorlag. Bei 17 Patienten kam es im Mittel nach 16,2 Monaten (1,6–40,6 Monate) bildgebend zum Progress der Fernmetastasierung, während 3 Patienten ein Lokalrezidiv in der Prostataloge zeigten.
Zusammenfassung Die SBRT von Knochenmetastasen bei oligometastasierten Prostatakarzinompatienten stellt eine effektive und gut verträgliche Therapie dar, durch die eine hohe lokale Kontrolle im Bereich der Metastasen sowie eine Verzögerung des Beginns oder der Eskalation einer Systemtherapie erzielt werden kann. Jedoch zeigt die hohe Rate an Progression der Fernmetastasierung die Wichtigkeit der richtigen Patientenselektion auf und ggf. die Notwendigkeit der Kombination mit einer aHT.