bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Silica Fume Addition on the Resistance of Concrete to Alkali Silica Reaction
Authors: Nagrockienė D , Rutkauskas A , Pundienė I , Girnienė I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Concrete mix made of cement CEM I 42.5 R, silica fume, fine aggregate sand of 0/4 fraction and superplasticizer was tested. Five batches of specimens were made with different silica fume content, where up to 10 % of the binding material was replaced with silica fume. Compressive strength, water absorption, density and resistance to alkali silica reaction were tested in concretes modified with different amounts of silica fume addition. The effect of silica fume addition on the expansion of modified concrete conditioned in 1M NaOH solution for 56 days was tested. Concrete modified with silica fume at 10 % by weight of cement was found to be the most appropriate for structures exposed to alkaline environment. The control specimen without mineral addition had the expansion of 0.113 %, which exceeds the limit value by 0.1 %, whereas the expansion of specimens modified with 2.5 % of silica fume was equal to the limit value, i.e. 0.1 %. The expansion values reduced in specimens modified with 5 % and 7.5 % of mineral addition. After 56 days of testing, the expansion values of these specimens were 0.093 % and 0.082 % respectively. The lowest expansion value was obtained in specimens with the highest content of silica fume, i.e. 10 %. The expansion of these specimens was 0.07 % after 56 days of conditioning in 1M NaOH solution of 80 °C temperature. The tests revealed that concrete modified with silica fume replacing 10 % of cement had better resistance to alkali silica reaction and better durability characteristics and thus can be used as structural concrete.
Development of Absorbing Coatings for Protection Against Electromagnetic Pollution of the Environment
Authors: Bakhracheva Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Radioabsorbing materials are materials whose composition and structure provides effective absorption (with little reflection) of electromagnetic energy in a certain range of radio wavelengths.The paper investigates the weakening effects of screens of various kinds on the electromagnetic waves passing through them. With such solutions, it is possible to make estimates for the weakening effect of electromagnetic screens of arbitrary shape and for radiation with arbitrarily given characteristics.
Using Big data and artificial intelligence to solve the fire safety problem of potentially dangerous objects
Authors: Shahramanyan M , Marchuk V , Shrayfel I , Chernyshov D , Meskhi B , Ananova O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a hardware-software system for evaluating the level of fire safety in real-time, which allows us to proactively monitor the dynamics of changes in the level of fire safety and provide the supervision authorities with remote access to the information about the level of fire safety
Electrochemical sensing of glucose by chitosan modified graphene oxide
Authors: Poletti Fabrizio , Favaretto Laura , Kovtun Alessandro , Treossi Emanuele , Corticelli Franco , Gazzano Massimo , Palermo Vincenzo , Zanardi Chiara , Melucci Manuela 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) coated electrodes provide an excellent platform for enzymatic glucose sensing, induced by the presence of glucose oxidase and an electrochemical transduction. Here, we show that the sensitivity of GO layers for glucose detection redoubles upon blending GO with chitosan (GO+Ch) and increases up to eight times if covalent binding of chitosan to GO (GO−Ch) is exploited. In addition, the conductivity of the composite material GO−Ch is suitable for electrochemical applications without the need of GO reduction, which is generally required for GO based coatings. Covalent modification of GO is achieved by a standard carboxylic activation/amidation approach by exploiting the abundant amino pendants of chitosan. Successful functionalization is proved by comparison with an ad-hoc synthesized control sample realized by using non-activated GO as precursor. The composite GO−Ch was deposited on standard screen-printed electrodes by a drop-casting approach. Comparison with a chitosan-GO blend and with pristine GO demonstrated the superior reliability and efficiency of the electrochemical response for glucose as a consequence of the high number of enzyme binding sites and of the partial reduction of GO during the carboxylic activation synthetic step.
Impact of oxidation morphology on reduced graphene oxides upon thermal annealing
Authors: Antidormi Aleandro , Roche Stephan , Colombo Luciano 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is an essential technique to produce low-cost and higher quality graphene-based materials and composites used today in a plethora of applications. However, despite a demonstrated efficiency of high-temperature annealing in reducing the oxygen content of GO, the impact of the morphology of the initially oxidized samples on the restored sp
2 graphene plane versus remaining sp
3 imperfections remains unclear and out-of-control. Here using classical molecular dynamics, we simulate the process of thermal reduction on several GO samples for a variety of initial conditions and elucidate how both the concentration of oxygen functional groups and their spatial distribution jeopardize the reduction process efficiency. Our simulations suggest thermal annealing strategies to further optimize the crystallinity of reduced GO, enhancing their transport properties and hence making the resulting composites even more performant for electronic applications.
Care home residents who die in hospital: exploring factors, processes and experiences
Authors: Alcorn Gemma , Murray Scott A , Hockley Jo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Care home residents are increasingly frail with complex health and social care needs. Their transfer to hospital at the end-of-life can be associated with unwanted interventions and distress. However, hospitals do enable provision of care that some residents wish to receive. We aimed to explore the factors that influence hospital admission of care home residents who then died in hospital.

Methods
This study combined in-depth case note review of care home residents dying in two Scottish teaching hospitals during a 6-month period and semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 26 care home staff and two relatives.

Results
During the 6-month period, 109 care home residents died in hospital. Most admissions occurred out-of-hours (69%) and most were due to a sudden event or acute change in clinical condition (72%). Length of stay in hospital before death was short, with 42% of deaths occurring within 3 days. Anticipatory Care Planning (ACP) regarding hospital admission was documented in 44%.
Care home staff wanted to care for residents who were dying; however, uncertain trajectories of decline, acute events, challenges of ACP, relationship with family and lack of external support impeded this.

Conclusions
Managing acute changes on the background of uncertain trajectories is challenging in care homes. Enhanced support is required to improve and embed ACP in care homes and to provide rapid, 24 hours-a-day support to manage difficult symptoms and acute changes.
Inheritance of breeding system in Cakile (Brassicaceae) following hybridization: implications for plant invasions
Authors: Li Chengjun , Mesgaran Mohsen B , Ades Peter K , Cousens Roger D 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsHybridization is commonly assumed to aid invasions through adaptive introgression. In contrast, a recent theoretical model predicted that there can be non-adaptive demographic advantages from hybridization and that the population consequences will depend on the breeding systems of the species and the extent to which subsequent generations are able to interbreed and reproduce. We examined cross-fertilization success and inheritance of breeding systems of two species in order to better assess the plausibility of the theoretical predictions.MethodsReciprocal artificial crosses were made to produce F1, F2 and backcrosses between Cakile maritima (self-incompatible, SI) and Cakile edentula (self-compatible, SC) (Brassicaceae). Flowers were emasculated prior to anther dehiscence and pollen was introduced from donor plants to the recipient’s stigma. Breeding system, pollen viability, pollen germination, pollen tube growth and reproductive output were then determined. The results were used to replace the assumptions made in the original population model and new simulations were made.Key ResultsThe success rate with the SI species as the pollen recipient was lower than when it was the pollen donor, in quantitative agreement with the ‘SI × SC rule’ of unilateral incompatibility. Similar outcomes were found in subsequent generations where fertile hybrids were produced but lower success rates were observed in crosses of SI pollen donors with SC pollen recipients. Much lower proportions of SC hybrids were produced than expected from a single Mendelian allele. When incorporated into a population model, these results predicted an even faster rate of replacement of the SC species by the SI species than previously reported.ConclusionsOur study of these two species provides even clearer support for the feasibility of the non-adaptive hybridization hypothesis, whereby the colonization of an SI species can be assisted by transient hybridization with a congener. It also provides novel insight into reproductive biology beyond the F1 generation.
SpaCell: integrating tissue morphology and spatial gene expression to predict disease cells
Authors: Tan Xiao , Su Andrew , Tran Minh , Nguyen Quan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technology is increasingly being applied because it enables the measurement of spatial gene expression in an intact tissue along with imaging morphology of the same tissue. However, current analysis methods for ST data do not use image pixel information, thus missing the quantitative links between gene expression and tissue morphology.

Results
We developed a user-friendly deep learning software, SpaCell, to integrate millions of pixel intensity values with thousands of gene expression measurements from spatially barcoded spots in a tissue. We show the integration approach outperforms the use of gene-count data alone or imaging data alone to build deep learning models to identify cell types or predict labels of tissue images with high resolution and accuracy.

Availability and implementation
The SpaCell package is open source under an MIT licence and it is available at https://github.com/BiomedicalMachineLearning/SpaCell.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Homozygous STXBP1 variant causes encephalopathy and gain-of-function in synaptic transmission
Authors: Lammertse Hanna C A , van Berkel Annemiek A , Iacomino Michele , Toonen Ruud F , Striano Pasquale , Gambardella Antonio , Verhage Matthijs , Zara Federico 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the STXBP1 gene encoding the presynaptic protein MUNC18-1 cause STXBP1 encephalopathy, characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability and epilepsy. Impaired mutant protein stability leading to reduced synaptic transmission is considered the main underlying pathogenetic mechanism. Here, we report the first two cases carrying a homozygous STXBP1 mutation, where their heterozygous siblings and mother are asymptomatic. Both cases were diagnosed with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. In Munc18-1 null mouse neurons, protein stability of the disease variant (L446F) is less dramatically affected than previously observed for heterozygous disease mutants. Neurons expressing Munc18L446F showed minor changes in morphology and synapse density. However, patch clamp recordings demonstrated that L446F causes a 2-fold increase in evoked synaptic transmission. Conversely, paired pulse plasticity was reduced and recovery after stimulus trains also. Spontaneous release frequency and amplitude, the readily releasable vesicle pool and the kinetics of short-term plasticity were all normal. Hence, the homozygous L446F mutation causes a gain-of-function phenotype regarding release probability and synaptic transmission while having less impact on protein levels than previously reported (heterozygous) mutations. These data show that STXBP1 mutations produce divergent cellular effects, resulting in different clinical features, while sharing the overarching encephalopathic phenotype (developmental delay, intellectual disability and epilepsy).
Cholinergic Switch between Two Types of Slow Waves in Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Nghiem Trang-Anh E , Tort-Colet Núria , Górski Tomasz , Ferrari Ulisse , Moghimyfiroozabad Shayan , Goldman Jennifer S , Teleńczuk Bartosz , Capone Cristiano , Bal Thierry , di Volo Matteo , Destexhe Alain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSleep slow waves are known to participate in memory consolidation, yet slow waves occurring under anesthesia present no positive effects on memory. Here, we shed light onto this paradox, based on a combination of extracellular recordings in vivo, in vitro, and computational models. We find two types of slow waves, based on analyzing the temporal patterns of successive slow-wave events. The first type is consistently observed in natural slow-wave sleep, while the second is shown to be ubiquitous under anesthesia. Network models of spiking neurons predict that the two slow wave types emerge due to a different gain on inhibitory versus excitatory cells and that different levels of spike-frequency adaptation in excitatory cells can account for dynamical distinctions between the two types. This prediction was tested in vitro by varying adaptation strength using an agonist of acetylcholine receptors, which demonstrated a neuromodulatory switch between the two types of slow waves. Finally, we show that the first type of slow-wave dynamics is more sensitive to external stimuli, which can explain how slow waves in sleep and anesthesia differentially affect memory consolidation, as well as provide a link between slow-wave dynamics and memory diseases.
Monitoring Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam Concentrations in the Treatment of a Bloodstream Infection Caused by a Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter sp. Carrying Both Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–4 and New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase–1
Authors: Yasmin Mohamad , Fouts Derrick E , Jacobs Michael R , Haydar Hanan , Marshall Steven H , White Richard , D’Souza Roshan , Lodise Thomas P , Rhoads Daniel D , Hujer Andrea M , Rojas Laura J , Hoyen Claudia , Perez Federico , Edwards Amy , Bonomo Robert A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In an infection with an Enterobacter sp. isolate producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–4 and New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase–1 in the United States, recognition of the molecular basis of carbapenem resistance allowed for successful treatment by combining ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam. Antimicrobial synergy testing and therapeutic drug monitoring assessed treatment adequacy.
Relationship between microbiology of throat swab and clinical course among primary care patients with acute cough: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ordóñez-Mena José M , Fanshawe Thomas R , Butler Chris C , Mant David , Longhurst Denise , Muir Peter , Vipond Barry , Little Paul , Moore Michael , Stuart Beth , Hay Alastair D , Thornton Hannah V , Thompson Matthew J , Smith Sue , Van den Bruel Ann , Hardy Victoria , Cheah Laikin , Crook Derrick , Knox Kyle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) account for most antibiotics prescribed in primary care despite lack of efficacy, partly due to clinician uncertainty about aetiology and patient concerns about illness course. Nucleic acid amplification tests could assist antibiotic targeting.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 645 patients presenting to primary care with acute cough and suspected ALRTI, provided throat swabs at baseline. These were tested for respiratory pathogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction and classified as having a respiratory virus, bacteria, both or neither. Three hundred fifty-four participants scored the symptoms severity daily for 1 week in a diary (0 = absent to 4 = severe problem).

Results
Organisms were identified in 346/645 (53.6%) participants. There were differences in the prevalence of seven symptoms between the organism groups at baseline. Those with a virus alone, and those with both virus and bacteria, had higher average severity scores of all symptoms combined during the week of follow-up than those in whom no organisms were detected [adjusted mean differences 0.204 (95% confidence interval 0.010 to 0.398) and 0.348 (0.098 to 0.598), respectively]. There were no differences in the duration of symptoms rated as moderate or severe between organism groups.

Conclusions
Differences in presenting symptoms and symptoms severity can be identified between patients with viruses and bacteria identified on throat swabs. The magnitude of these differences is unlikely to influence management. Most patients had mild symptoms at 7 days regardless of aetiology, which could inform patients about likely symptom duration.
Structural joint inversion on irregular meshes
Authors: Jordi C , Doetsch J , Günther T , Schmelzbach C , Maurer H , Robertsson J O A 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARY
Structural joint inversion of several data sets on an irregular mesh requires appropriate coupling operators. To date, joint inversion algorithms are primarily designed for the use on regular rectilinear grids and impose structural similarity in the direct neighbourhood of a cell only. We introduce a novel scheme for calculating cross-gradient operators based on a correlation model that allows to define the operator size by imposing physical length scales. We demonstrate that the proposed cross-gradient operators are largely decoupled from the discretization of the modelling domain, which is particularly important for irregular meshes where cell sizes vary. Our structural joint inversion algorithm is applied to a synthetic electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar 3-D cross-well experiment aiming at imaging two anomalous bodies and extracting the parameter distribution of the geostatistical background models. For both tasks, joint inversion produced superior results compared with individual inversions of the two data sets. Finally, we applied structural joint inversion to two field data sets recorded over a karstified limestone area. By including geological a priori information via the correlation-based operators into the joint inversion, we find P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity tomograms that are in accordance with the expected subsurface geology.
An atomistic perspective on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity quenching by core-fucosylation of IgG1 Fc N-glycans from enhanced sampling molecular dynamics
Authors: Harbison Aoife , Fadda Elisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The immunoglobulin type G (IgG) Fc N-glycans are known to modulate the interaction with membrane-bound Fc γ receptors (FcγRs), fine-tuning the antibody’s effector function in a sequence-dependent manner. Particularly interesting in this respect are the roles of galactosylation, which levels are linked to autoimmune conditions and aging, of core fucosylation, which is known to reduce significantly the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and of sialylation, which also reduces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) but only in the context of core-fucosylation. In this article, we provide an atomistic level perspective through enhanced sampling computer simulations, based on replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD), to understand the molecular determinants linking the Fc N-glycans sequence to the observed IgG1 function. Our results indicate that the two symmetrically opposed N-glycans interact extensively through their core trimannose residues. At room temperature, the terminal galactose on the α (1–6) arm is restrained to the protein through a network of interactions that keep the arm outstretched; meanwhile, the α (1–3) arm extends toward the solvent where a terminal sialic acid remains fully accessible. We also find that the presence of core fucose interferes with the extended sialylated α (1–3) arm, altering its conformational propensity and as a consequence of steric hindrance, significantly enhancing the Fc dynamics. Furthermore, structural analysis shows that the core-fucose position within the Fc core obstructs the access of N162 glycosylated FcγRs very much like a “door-stop,” potentially decreasing the IgG/FcγR binding free energy. These results provide an atomistic level-of-detail framework for the design of high potency IgG1 Fc N-glycoforms.
The Jew and the “Jerrybag”: The Lives of Hedwig Bercu and Dorothea Weber (née Le Brocq)
Authors: Carr Gilly 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Locals of the Channel Islands have long perceived women who had relationships with soldiers during the German occupation as the lowest form of collaborator. The author challenges this perception through the life stories of two women: a Romanian Jew in hiding and the woman who sheltered her for the last eighteen months of the occupation. Both were in relationships with German soldiers. The families of these two women met for the first time at a recent commemoration in Jersey. The following examines the long-term impact of their “illicit” relationships on the lives of these women, and how they complicate narrow representations of the alleged “Jerrybag.”
Exploring the association between diabetes and breast cancer morbidity: considerations for quality care improvements among Latinas
Authors: Ashing Kimlin Tam , Lai Lily , Meyers Eva , Serrano Mayra , George Marshalee 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
Cancer and diabetes are two severe chronic illnesses that often co-occur. In cancer patients, diabetes increases the risk for treatment complexities and mortality. Yet patient-reported outcomes with co-occurring chronic illness are understudied.

Design
This preliminary study investigated the association of diabetes with breast cancer-related morbidity among underserved Latina breast cancer survivors (BCS).

Participants
137 Latina BCS were recruited from the California Cancer Registry and hospitals.
Setting and Main Outcome Measure(s): BCS completed a self-administered mailed questionnaire assessing demographic and medical characteristics e.g. Type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Results
28% Latina BCS reported co-occurring T2DM at twice the general population rate. Diabetes was most prevalent among Latina BCS &gt; 65 years (43%). Latina BCS with diabetes were more likely to report advanced cancer staging at diagnosis (P = 0.036) and more lymphedema symptoms (P = 0.036). Results suggest non-significant but lower general health and greater physical functioning limitations among BCS with T2DM.

Conclusions
This study has relevance for precision population medicine by (i) consideration of routine diabetes screening in Latina BCS, (ii) underscoring attention to disease co-occurrence in treatment planning and care delivery and (iii) informing follow-up care and survivorship care planning e.g. patient self-management, oncology and primarily care surveillance and specialty care. Our findings can inform providers, survivors and caregivers about the impact of disease co-occurrence that influence clinically and patient responsive care for both initial treatment and long-term follow-up care to address disparities.