bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Module 09: Sociocognitive Assessment for Diverse Populations https://ncme.elevate.commpartners.com
Authors: Mislevy Robert J. , Oliveri Maria Elena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Robert [Bob] Mislevy and Dr. Maria Elena Oliveri introduce and illustrate a sociocognitive perspective on educational measurement, which focuses on a variety of design and implementation considerations for creating fair and valid assessments for learners from diverse populations with diverse sociocultural experiences. The first part of the module, narrated by Dr. Mislevy, contains a general overview section, a description of the sociocognitive framing of assessment issues, and a section on implications for assessment around key concepts such as reliability, validity, and fairness. The second part of the module, narrated by Dr. Oliveri, contains a section on frameworks for fairness investigations and principled assessment design as well as brief vignette‐based illustrations of the principles using a prototype activity to support collaboration and communication skills in the workplace. The module is designed to provide a relatively high‐level, conceptual, and nonstatistical overview and is intended for interdisciplinary team members who need to create fair and equitable learning and assessment systems for diverse populations.
Can we compare haemophilia carriers with clotting factor deficiency to male patients with mild haemophilia?
Authors: Raso Simona , Lambert Catherine , Boban Ana , Napolitano Mariasanta , Siragusa Sergio , Hermans Cedric 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionCertain haemophilia carriers demonstrate an increased bleeding tendency, mainly related to clotting factor deficiency. No study has so far formally compared the bleeding phenotype of women and girls with mild FVIII or FIX deficiency and associated management with that of male patients affected by mild haemophilia A and B.Material and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated 44 women and girls with mild FVIII or FIX deficiency (FVIII or FIX 0.05‐0.5 IU/mL) and 77 male patients with mild haemophilia A or B and compared them with respect to clotting factor level, age at and trigger for diagnosis, as well as treatment modalities.ResultsAfter excluding gender‐related haemorrhagic symptoms, haemophilia carriers with plasma factor levels in the mild haemophilia range and male patients affected by mild haemophilia present a comparable haemorrhagic profile, mainly characterized by mucocutaneous and postinjury bleeding. Haemophilia carriers with clotting factor deficiency, however, distinguish themselves in terms of later age at diagnosis, higher mean factor levels and trigger for diagnosis.ConclusionsWomen and girls with mild FVIII or FIX deficiency should be considered as mild haemophilia patients and have access to care and management inspired from male haemophilia patients while integrating differences and specificities. Larger international studies comparing the clinical presentation and treatment modalities of mild clotting FVIII and FIX deficiencies in both haemophilia males and females should be encouraged.
Tribological behavior of composites fabricated by reactive SPS sintering in Ti‐Si‐C system
Authors: Hadji Youcef , Benamor Abdessabour , Chiker Nabil , Haddad Adel , Tala‐Ighil Nacer , Erauw Jean‐Pierre , Dupont Vedi , Tricoteaux Arnaud , Nivot Christelle , Thuault Anthony , Hadji Mohamed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, wear and friction behavior of two based‐composites from the Ti‐Si‐C system, (40 wt% TiC; 28 wt% Ti5Si3; 17 wt% Ti3SiC2) and (18 wt% TiC; 26 wt% Ti5Si3; 41 wt% Ti3SiC2) reinforced by 15 wt% of large size SiC (100‐150 µm) particles were investigated. The four‐phase composites exhibited approximatively the same friction coefficient (µ ~ 0.9) under high loads (10 N and 7 N). The composite with high Ti3SiC2 showed higher wear rate values by one order of magnitude. However, under 1 N, the composite with high TiC content showed a higher running‐in period and a lower steady state µ value (0.37 after 1000 m sliding distance). Scanning electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive X‐Ray and Raman spectroscopy analysis of the worn surfaces of the two composites revealed that oxidation was the dominant wear mechanism. The oxidation process and the removal kinetics of the oxides during sliding controlled the tribological behavior of the composites. The influence of processing variables on microstructures development and wear mechanisms of the composites is discussed.
Dietary fibre extracted from different types of whole grains and beans: a comparative study
Authors: Zhang Duqin , Wang Liping , Tan Bin , Zhang Weiqing 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDietary fibre (DF) from different whole grains and beans (quinoa, buckwheat, highland barley, pea and mung bean) was extracted by enzymatic action. The components, crystallinity and properties were comparatively studied. Furthermore, we evaluated correlations between DF components and their crystallinity, thermal, physicochemical and functional properties. Results showed quinoa DF had highest polyphenol (25.58 mg GAE per 100 g), pectin (4.68%) and cellulose (52.34%) contents, crystallinity value (CV, 30.24%), ΔH (185.53 J g−1), water‐holding capacity (WHC, 5.35 g g−1), α‐amylase activity inhibition ratio (α‐AAIR, 13.34%) and glucose absorption capacity (GAC), but lowest protein content (9.78%) and Tp (163.05 °C). Mung bean DF had highest lignin content (33.56%), fat adsorption capacity (4.73 g g−1), and Tp (176.25 °C), but lowest CV (15.26%) and ΔH (132.15 J g−1). Correlation analysis showed cellulose content had positive linear correlations with CV, ΔH, WHC, α‐AAIR and GAC, but a negative correlation with Tp. The structure and properties of DF are largely attributed to cellulose content.
Serum pre‐albumin is prognostic for all‐cause mortality in patients with community‐acquired and post‐operative acute kidney injury
Authors: Zou Yan‐Fang , Xie Jing‐Yuan , Shen Ping‐Yan , Chen Yong‐Xi , Ma Xiao‐Bo , Chen Xiao‐Nong , Ren Hong , Zhang Wen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical clinical syndrome characterised by a rapid decrease in renal filtration, with the accumulation of products of metabolism such as creatinine and urea. In recent years, the incidence of AKI has increased not only in critically ill hospitalised patients but also in community patients. Also, the prognosis of AKI is poor and treatment is limited in these populations. The increasing incidence and poor prognosis may be the reasons why more investigators are involved in epidemiological and risk factor analysis of AKI.AimsTo investigate the effects of these risk factors on outcomes in both community–acquired and hospitalised AKI populations to provide certain guidance for clinics and to explore the prognostic value of prealbumin on all–cause mortality in patients with community–acquired and post–operative AKI.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2010, 477 patients diagnosed with AKI and treated in the Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, were enrolled in the community‐acquired AKI (CA‐AKI) group and 138 patients diagnosed with AKI after an operation were enrolled in the post‐operative AKI (PO‐AKI) group. Data were collected at AKI onset and 1 year after discharge and analysed retrospectively.ResultsCompared with PO‐AKI patients, more patients in CA‐AKI group had chronic kidney disease, obesity and hyperlipidaemia, and fewer patients had cerebrovascular disease (CVD), anaemia, shock or arrhythmia. Risks for CA‐AKI were atherosclerosis, CVD, arrhythmia, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and usage of vasoactive agents, and risks for PO‐AKI were elderly, arrhythmia and requirement of renal replacement therapy. A higher level of serum PA was associated with a better outcome in the CA‐AKI group (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.85–0.996) and PO‐AKI group (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.84–0.99). In the CA‐AKI group, the cumulative survival rate of patients with a normal PA level (PA >20 mg/dL) was higher than that among patients with a lower PA (PA ≤20 mg/dL; 95.4% vs 88.3%, P = 0.031). Similarly, in the PO‐AKI group, a normal PA level was associated with a higher survival rate (74.1% vs 47.6%, P = 0.019).ConclusionSerum PA may serve as a prognostic marker for CA‐AKI and PO‐AKI, and further research is warranted to confirm this finding.
Association between the introduction of a structured form and the quality of diabetes in pregnancy clinic care
Authors: Bahauddin Adil , Sina Maryam , Simmons David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy in women with pre‐gestational types 1 (T1DM) and 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus can be a clinical challenge. This study assessed the association between introducing a structured diabetes in pregnancy proforma, on the quality of medical record documentation and pregnancy outcomes in women with T1DM and T2DM.AimsTo evaluate the impact of a proforma on the quality of documenting medical records and pregnancy/neonatal outcomes in women with pre‐gestational diabetes.MethodsThis was a retrospective two‐cycle audit: pre‐ and post‐proforma introduction. The documentation quality was assessed based on the rate of missing pre‐pregnancy/first trimester haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), third trimester HbA1c, folate intake and dose, retinopathy and nephropathy progression. Changes in pregnancy outcomes were assessed by mode of delivery, preterm delivery, mean third trimester HbA1c, pre‐eclampsia and foetal outcomes.ResultsThe pre‐ and post‐proforma periods included 91 and 41 pregnancies, respectively. The quality of documentation improved in the post‐proforma phase with the rate of missing data declining from 63.4% to 36.6% (P = 0.005) for pre‐pregnancy/first trimester HbA1c, 30.8% to 12.2% (P = 0.009) for periconceptional folate intake, 42.9% to 14.6% (P = 0.001) for folate dose, 100% to 31.7% (P < 0.001) for retinopathy progression, 92.3% to 19.5% (P < 0.001) for nephropathy progression and 31.9% to 7.3% (P = 0.016) for third trimester HbA1c. Macrosomia significantly reduced in the second cycle (49% vs 21% P = 0.003).ConclusionThe quality of documentation improved significantly which is likely attributable to the implementation of the proforma. This study supports the use of structured documentation to reduce variation in care and potentially improve pregnancy outcomes.
Dispatching problems for parallel machines in the TFT‐LCD assembly process
Authors: Ho Jyh‐Wen , Huang Yeu‐Shiang , Fu Chi‐Ting 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThin‐film transistor liquid‐crystal displays (TFT‐LCDs) have gradually replaced cathode‐ray tubes because of their compact size and efficient use of power. Since product lifecycles are shortening, consumers require instant order delivery, which affects fluctuations in supply and demand. As various product types in the LCD industry exist, manufacturing time has to be reduced to satisfy consumer demand. This study investigates the dispatching of parallel machines for TFT‐LCD manufacturing. Since customers’ orders and suppliers’ deliveries vary significantly and the manual adjustment of production planning is time consuming, an appropriate production planning and scheduling system is necessary. Consequently, this study develops a genetic algorithm to solve the scheduling problem of unrelated parallel machines, taking account of multiple performance measurement indicators. We also adopt LINGO to solve the problem and compare the obtained solution quality and computation time of the two approaches to justify the effectiveness of the proposed genetic algorithm.
Nursing handovers and patient safety: Findings from an umbrella review
Authors: Bressan Valentina , Mio Moreno , Palese Alvisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo summarise available reviews on nursing handover (NH) and patient safety (PS), providing a set of evidence‐based recommendations for clinical practice and research.DesignUmbrella review.Data sourcesWe systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases up to October 2018.Review methodsRetrieved reviews were critically evaluated using the Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses. Then, an iterative approach and two different frameworks were adopted to categorize the findings in: (a) practice; and (b) research recommendations.ResultsA total of 17 reviews were included: among them, 16 reported a range of recommendations for clinical practice to promote PS by reducing adverse events. For what concerns research, 16 reviews recommended specific strategies to improve and strengthen research and its quality in the field of NHs and PS.ConclusionChanging nursing handover practices to increase PS is complex: it means changing the culture, roles and behaviour of any given clinical nursing setting. To be effective, the change requires a tailored approach, time and implementation strategies including education and support. Future studies should address the flexibility required by handovers in daily practice and the multiple needs with the aim of increasing the robustness of the available evidence on NHs. These should also embrace the Complex Interventions Research Framework.ImpactSeveral reviews have been performed as summaries of research and practice evidence on NHs, but no summary of the established clinical and research recommendations on NHs and PS has been provided to date. Standardized handovers supported by technological solutions, facilitating face‐to‐face contact between nurses, possibly alongside bedside reports, can improve PS. Well‐designed longitudinal studies, on a wide scale, in different settings, based on a strong rationale and focused on measuring the association between handover and patients’ safety issues are recommended.
Autoregressive and random regression test‐day models for multiple lactations in genetic evaluation of Brazilian Holstein cattle
Authors: Silva Delvan Alves , Costa Claudio Nápolis , Silva Alessandra Alves , Silva Hugo Teixeira , Lopes Paulo Sávio , Silva Fabyano Fonseca , Veroneze Renata , Thompson Gertrude , Aguilar Ignacio , Carvalheira Júlio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAutoregressive (AR) and random regression (RR) models were fitted to test‐day records from the first three lactations of Brazilian Holstein cattle with the objective of comparing their efficiency for national genetic evaluations. The data comprised 4,142,740 records of milk yield (MY) and somatic cell score (SCS) from 274,335 cows belonging to 2,322 herds. Although heritabilities were similar between models and traits, additive genetic variance estimates using AR were 7.0 (MY) and 22.2% (SCS) higher than those obtained from RR model. On the other hand, residual variances were lower in both traits when estimated through AR model. The rank correlation between EBV obtained from AR and RR models was 0.96 and 0.94 (MY) and 0.97 and 0.95 (SCS), respectively, for bulls (with 10 or more daughters) and cows. Estimated annual genetic gains for bulls (cows) obtained using AR were 46.11 (49.50) kg for MY and −0.019 (−0.025) score for SCS; whereas using RR these values were 47.70 (55.56) kg and −0.022 (−0.028) score. Akaike information criterion was lower for AR in both traits. Although AR model is more parsimonious, RR model assumes genetic correlations different from the unity within and across lactations. Thus, when these correlations are relatively high, these models tend to yield to similar predictions; otherwise, they will differ more and RR model would be theoretically sounder.
Patient perceptions of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring testing, tolerability, accessibility, and expense
Authors: Ringrose Jennifer S. , Bapuji Raj , Coutinho Wade , Mouhammed Omar , Bridgland Lindsay , Carpenter Thirza , Padwal Raj 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUse of 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is strongly endorsed by contemporary hypertension guidelines. The objective of this study was to assess patient perceptions of ambulatory blood pressure testing, tolerability, accessibility, and expense. A convenience sample of 50, consenting patients undergoing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at the University of Alberta Hypertension Clinic in Edmonton, Canada was studied. A 16‐item structured questionnaire was administered in person or electronically. Questions regarding the tolerability of ambulatory monitoring were evaluated using a 5‐point Likert scale and wait times, expenditures, and willingness to pay were evaluated by direct questioning. Mean age was 53.1 ± 15.4 years, 32 (64%) were female, and 23 (46%) were employed. Mean 24‐hour ambulatory BP was 134 ± 12/79 ± 8 mmHg. Ambulatory monitoring caused discomfort in 40 (80%) patients and disturbed sleep in 39 (78%). Forty‐one (82%) patients perceived that the home (vs pharmacy, primary care clinic, and speciality care clinic) would be the easiest venue to access future testing. On average, patients waited 27.3 ± 23.7 days for testing; they felt that a wait time of 21.3 ± 12.3 days was appropriate. Mean time taken off work was 8.6 ± 10.8 hours. Twelve (24%) patients indicated that they would be willing to pay out‐of‐pocket to undergo testing sooner, at a mean expenditure of $120 ± 69. Nineteen (62%) patients were willing to buy a monitor and felt that a mean purchase cost of $125 ± 89 was appropriate. These findings extend current knowledge of patient perceptions of ambulatory monitoring and may help to refine and optimize future delivery of this essential test.
Ultra‐Rapid Lispro results in accelerated insulin lispro absorption and faster early insulin action in comparison with Humalog® in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Shiramoto Masanari , Nasu Risa , Oura Tomonori , Imori Makoto , Ohwaki Kenji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionUltra‐rapid lispro (URLi) is a novel ultra‐rapid mealtime insulin. This study compared the pharmacokinetic and glucodynamic profiles, safety, and tolerability of URLi and lispro (Humalog®) in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThis was a phase I, single center, randomized, patient‐ and investigator‐blind, two‐period, cross‐over study. A total of 31 patients received a single subcutaneous 15‐U dose of URLi or lispro before undergoing a euglycemic clamp procedure. Primary pharmacokinetic endpoints were the time to early half‐maximal drug concentration and the area under the concentration versus time curve from 0 to 30 min postdose. The glucodynamic endpoints were the time to early half‐maximal glucose infusion rate before time to maximum glucose infusion rate, and the time to onset of insulin action.ResultsURLi showed accelerated insulin lispro absorption compared with lispro, as shown by a decrease of 56% (URLi: 10.2 min, lispro: 23.3 min; P < 0.0001) in the early half‐maximal drug concentration, and a 2.4‐fold increase in the area under the concentration versus time curve from 0 to 30 min (P < 0.0001). The duration of insulin lispro exposure was 88 min shorter after URLi administration compared with lispro. URLi reduced the early half‐maximal glucose infusion rate before time to maximum glucose infusion rate and the time to onset of insulin action significantly compared with lispro. The glucose infused within the first 30 min of the clamp was 2.16‐fold greater with URLi compared with lispro. There was no difference in total exposure or glucose infused between treatments. All treatment‐emergent adverse events were mild/moderate in severity.ConclusionsIn Japanese type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, URLi showed accelerated insulin lispro absorption, reduced late exposure, overall shorter duration and faster early insulin action compared with lispro.
Decisional needs assessment of patients with complex care needs in primary care
Authors: Poitras Marie‐Eve , Hudon Catherine , Godbout Isabelle , Bujold Mathieu , Pluye Pierre , Vaillancourt Vanessa T. , Débarges Béatrice , Poirier Annie , Prévost Karina , Spence Claude , Légaré France 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRationalePatients with complex care needs who frequently use health services often face challenges in managing their health and with integrated care, leading to frequent decision making. These complex care needs require a good understanding of health issues and their impact on daily life. As the decisional needs of this particular clientele have yet to be described in scientific literature, they warrant further study.ObjectivesTo assess the decision‐making needs of patients with complex care needs (PCCN) who frequently use health care services.MethodsWe performed a multicenter cross‐sectional qualitative descriptive study in four institutions of the health and social services network of Quebec (Canada). We enrolled a convenience sample of PCCNs who frequently use health care services, health care providers, case managers, and decision‐makers. We conducted interviews and focus groups and investigated decisional needs according to the Ottawa decision support framework: roles played and desired in the decision‐making process, facilitators, and barriers. We conducted qualitative data collection and qualitative deductive/inductive thematic analysis within and across participating groups.ResultsIn total, 16 patients, 38 clinicians, six case managers, and 14 decision‐makers participated in the study. The decisional needs of this clientele are numerous, varied and different from those of the general population. We identified 26 decisional needs grouped under five themes. The most frequent decisions related to visiting the emergency department, moving to a nursing home, and adhering to a plan or treatment. In addition, we identified new themes such as patients' fear and mistrust of health professionals, differences of opinion between health professionals and health professionals' preconceived opinions of patients.ConclusionWe observed a wide range of types of decisions that patients face and differences in decision‐making needs across participating groups. Our results should inform future research on the development of a patient decision aid tool.