bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SENTIMENTOS DO IDOSO FRENTE À DEPENDÊNCIA FÍSICA
Authors: Oliveira de Freitas Milene , Scarparo Haag Guadalupe 
Published: January 2021

Resumo: A população idosa tem aumentado em âmbito mundial, particularmente no Rio Grande do Sul. Atualmente grande parte desses indivíduos precisa de algum tipo de ajuda para realizar tarefas simples do dia-a-dia. O presente estudo objetivou conhecer os senti mentos do idoso em relação à possibilidade de dependência física, identificando as atividades realizadas para evitá-la ou retardá-la. A pesquisa descritiva com enfoque qualitativo contou com a participação de 10 idosas frequentadoras do Programa Maior Idade, em São Leopoldo, que não possuíam dependência física e tinham mais de 68 anos de idade. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e interpretados pela análise de conteúdo contido nas falas das pesquisadas. Os resultados mostraram que a possibilidade de dependência física acarreta sentimentos de frustração e inutilidade, levando ao afastamento do convívio social, enquanto que a independência leva a sensação de autonomia e satisfação pela vida. Atividade física, lazer e cuidados com a alimentação foram citados como responsáveis pela sensação de bem-estar e por evitar ou retardar a dependência física.Conclui-se que a dependência física gera diminuição na qualidade de vida do idoso e pode ser evitada ou reduzida através da adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Palavras-chave: Idoso Fragilizado; Qualidade de Vida; Estilo de Vida. Abstract: The elderly population has increased worldwide, particularly in Rio Grande do Sul. Nowadays most of the elderly need some help to do simple daily activities. This study aimed to know the old people's feelings about the perspective specially of physical dependency, identifying the activities accomplished to avoid it or postpone it. The descriptive research comprised a qualitative investigation with 10 seniors, that were 68 years old or older. They are users of the Maior Idade Program, in São Leopoldo. The collected data are analyzed in accordance with speeches in semi structured interviews. Physical activity, leisure and also nutritional care were cited as responsible for the sensation of welfare and avoid or postpone the physical dependency. The study concludes that physical dependency decreases the elderly life quality and it can be avoided or postponed through adoption of a healthier life style. Key words: Frail Elderly; Quality of Life; Life Style.
Respiratory System: Physiology of Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Yerxa John , Vatsaas Cory J , Agarwal Suresh 
Published: January 2021

Airway and ventilatory management are mandatory skills for the critical care surgeon. Identifying and correctly managing a patient’s airway is the first step followed by correcting any oxygenation or ventilation deliver deficits. Mechanical ventilation with positive pressure has multiple physiologic effects that must be completely understood in a complex critically ill patient. Invasive and non-invasive modalities may be used to aid in achieving these goals. Further strategies such as using low tidal volume, adequate PEEP, and rescue strategies are important in patients with ARDS. Weaning from the ventilator as soon as able is an important consideration to improve outcomes, The subsequent chapter reviews airway management and the physiologic aspects of mechanical ventilation to aid in decision-making when caring for the critically ill patient with deficits in oxygenation or ventilation.
This review 5 figures, 2 tables, and 41 references.
Key Words: airway management, mechanical ventilation, invasive ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, tracheostomy, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), positive pressure ventilation, oxygenation
Appropriate Antibiotic Selection and Use for Intensive Care Unit Patients, Part I: Rationale for Antibiotic Choices
Authors: Pino Richard M , Paras Molly , Shenoy Erica S 
Published: January 2021

The aim of this review is to help clinicians optimize treatment of infections and reduce adverse events. With that goal in mind, we discuss the basis for the selection of antibiotics for the surgical patient in the intensive care unit (ICU), the mechanism of antibiotic action, and resistance of pathogens to antibiotic therapy—factors that may affect antibiotic levels, the rationales for dosing, and the role of antimicrobial stewardship programs. The evaluation and management of infections in critically ill patients are uniquely different from those of the general patient population. Age, medical comorbidities, alterations in anatomy, changes in vascular supply, insertion of vascular conduits, and orthopedic hardware are some factors that increase the risk of infection and influence antibiotic choice in the surgical ICU patient.
Key words: antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, antibiotic stewardship, intensive care unit
Patient-Controlled Analgesia
Authors: Peck Devin 
Published: January 2021

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a method for controlling pain in which a patient is able to self-administer pain medications via activation of a mechanical distribution system. The key element of PCA is that the patient is in control of the analgesia. Respiratory depression is preceded by sedation, and a sedated patient is unable or unlikely to push the PCA button. The pump can also be programmed to have a continuous infusion rate, which is administered to the patient regardless of whether the patient activates a dose. Basal rates bypass the safety mechanism of patient control and can place the patient at higher risk for respiratory depression and sedation. Initiation of a PCA is often most appropriate in patients requiring frequent as-needed dosing of medications or when such dosing is anticipated. Patients’ acceptance of the technique is high, related in part to a sense of control over their own pain relief, a reduction in the delay for the receipt of pain medications, not receiving injections, and not having to interrupt or to bother nurses.
This review contains 2 tables and 20 references.
Key words: analgesic delivery systems, morphine metabolism, multimodal pain management, opioid pharmacology, opioid side effects, patient-controlled analgesia, patient safety, respiratory depression
Labor Pain Pathophysiology and Analgesic Options
Authors: Homra Ben , Kaye Alan D. , Cornett Elyse , Creel Justin , Novitch Matthew B. , Hart Brendon M , Allian Alexander D , Helander Eric M 
Published: January 2021

Regional neuraxial blocks, such as spinal and epidural anesthetics, are used for most women in the United States for labor pain. They are the most effective methods for preserving consciousness and the ability to participate in the second stage of labor. Regional neuraxial blocks may be augmented by combining spinal and epidural techniques, postlabor nonopioids and opioids, distraction therapy, and patient-controlled analgesia. In addition, several alternative analgesic methods have been recently recommended for labor pain without consensus on their respective efficacies, including yoga, exercise during pregnancy, acupuncture, hypnotism, hydrotherapy, and therapeutic massage. This review focuses on current updates and recent trends in labor pain management, the pathophysiology of labor pain, and the basic mechanisms supporting the efficacies of systemic, inhalation, neuraxial, and local analgesia during labor.
Key words: epidural, fentanyl, labor pain, local anesthetic, spinal analgesia
Airway Procedures
Authors: Ng Ju-Mei 
Published: January 2021

There has been a marked increase in the number and complexity of airway procedures performed both in the operating room and procedural areas. The anesthesiologist is challenged with establishing a patent shared airway and maintaining adequate gas exchange in patients with compromised airways and/or respiratory function. This review presents a general approach to the patient presenting for an airway procedure and highlights the commonly occurring complications. Airway fire, bleeding, and airway disruption or obstruction may occur. Some of the newer interventional bronchoscopic procedures are introduced, with emphasis on anesthetic implications. A more detailed discussion surrounds the anesthetic management of central airway obstruction and airway stenting.

This review contains 8 figures, 5 tables, 30 references.
Key Words: anesthesia for flexible bronchoscopy, anesthesia for rigid bronchoscopy, airway stenting, bronchoscopy, central airway obstruction, interventional pulmonology, total intravenous anesthesia, ventilation
Burns
Authors: Bittner Edward A. , Chaudhary Connie W. 
Published: January 2021

Anesthetic management of burn-injured patients can be particularly challenging. Burn-injured patients exhibit pathophysiologic changes that can affect nearly all the organs in the body. Challenges the anesthesiologist may encounter when caring for burn patients include difficult airway management, impaired lung function, vascular access issues, hypothermia, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations, and pain management. Other important considerations that could affect the condition of burn patients include blood loss, hypermetabolism, pain control, and temperature management. Anticipating appropriate precautions can change the clinical outcome of these patients. Optimal care requires a full understanding of the unique preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative issues of the burn-injured patient.

This review contains 2 figures, 3 tables, and 77 references.
Key Words: anesthetic management of acute burns, burn injury, electrical injury, fluid resuscitation, inhalation injury, Parkland formula, pain management
Perioperative Antithrombotic Therapy Management and Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis
Authors: Chen Herbert , Lou Irene 
Published: January 2021

The management of perioperative anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, and perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is essentially a balancing act between patient risk factors for thrombosis and surgical risk factors for bleeding. The purpose of this review is to assist surgeons with the identification of patients at increased risk for thromboembolism when antithrombotic therapy is interrupted, patients for whom bridging anticoagulation should be considered, patients who require perioperative VTE prophylaxis, and patients at increased risk for bleeding complications and to briefly review the literature and major guidelines regarding perioperative antithrombotic therapy management and perioperative VTE prophylaxis. Figures show approaches to the management of perioperative anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, and VTE prophylaxis.
This review contains 2 figures, 7 tables, and 61 references.
Keywords: Venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, anticoagulation, surgery, perioperative period, prophylaxis
Principles of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Baker Samantha J. , Rose J. Bart 
Published: January 2021

Surgeons often play a pivotal role in the treatment plans for cancer patients, especially when the plan of action includes resection. Locoregional therapies have the advantage of treating the tumor and its local environment while minimizing systemic effects. Other examples of local treatment include radiotherapy and chemotherapy delivered with isolation techniques. In contrast, systemic chemotherapy, systemic radiation, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy are administered throughout the body. Systemic therapy is most useful in treating disease distant to the site of origin but can be limited by systemic side effects. This chapter explores each of these treatment arms in more detail and provides examples of when such options may be deployed.
This review contains 1 figure, 2 tables, and 67 references.
Key Words: Biopsy, Cancer, Chemotherapy, Directed therapy, Hormone therapy, Immunotherapy, Lymph nodes, Proton therapy, Radiation therapy, Staging
Antipsychotics
Authors: Doroudgar Shadi , Eftekhari Elham 
Published: January 2021

Antipsychotics are used to treat a variety of disorders. They are commonly used in the management of psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, among other uses, they also have shown efficacy in treating symptoms of autism, nausea/vomiting, and hiccups. In the case of psychiatric uses, long-term maintenance treatment is typically needed to avoid relapse of symptoms. Antipsychotic choice based on the efficacy is difficult; therefore, in many cases side-effect profile of an agent becomes relevant when deciding on a treatment regimen. Side effects of antipsychotics include extrapyramidal symptoms, metabolic adverse effects, hematologic changes, anticholinergic effects, and QTc prolongation. As clinicians, it is important to be aware of these side effects and their monitoring parameters. These can be managed by discontinuing a drug, decreasing dosage, changing the drug to a different antipsychotic, and using another drug for their treatment.

This review contains 5 tables and 97 references
Key Words: antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, clozapine, D2 receptor, extrapyramidal symptoms, FDA-approved, REMS, typical antipsychotics
Pembekalan Keselamatan Kerja di Atas Kapal Fiber kepada Nelayan dalam Mendukung Operasi Penangkapan Ikan di Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: APRILIANI IZZA MAHDIANA , Rizal Achmad , Putra Pringgo KDNY , Akbarsyah Nora , Purwangka Fiz , Mawardi Wazir , Novita Yopi 
Published: January 2021

Aktivitas operasi penangkapan ikan di atas kapal merupakan salah satu kegiatan dengan tingkat resiko yang tinggi di dunia. kegiatan tersebut memiliki resiko yang dapat memberikan kerugian pada aspek materil hingga keselamatan nelayan di atas kapal. Kecelakaan kapal yang terjadi di sekitar perairan Indonesia setiap tahunnya terus mengalami peningkatan. Kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi pada kegiatan penangakapan ikan di atas kapal, terjadi pada setiap ukuran dan jenis kapal, salah satunya adalah kapal penangkap ikan yang menggunakan bahan fiber. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan khusus bagi nelayan yang menggunakan kapal berbahan fibreglass dalam melakukan operasi penangkapan ikan. Penyampaian pentingnya keselamatan kerja diatas kapal bersifat komunikasi persuasif kepada nelayan. Berdasarkan kegiatan pembekalan secara keseluruhan, baik dalam bentuk ceramah maupun diskusi keselamatan kerja di atas kapal fiber disimpulkan bahwa nelayan memahami pentingnya penyebab kecelakaan di laut. Serta adanya peningkatan skill nelayan dalam keselamatan kerja diatas kapal fiber.
Produção consorciada de tilápias e vegetais em sistema de aquaponia
Authors: Contini Gilvan Gonçalves , Belo Luciano Rodrigues , Branquinho Rodrigo Gomes 
Published: January 2021

O sistema de aquaponia é pouco conhecido no Brasil, e consiste na integração dos cultivos de plantas e de peixes. O objetivo com o presente estudo foi avaliar o crescimento de tilápias criadas com reutilização de água e a adaptação de hortaliças ao sistema de aquaponia. Foi instalado um sistema de aquaponia com a criação de tilápias conjugada com a produção de agrião (Nasturtium officinale), alface (Lactuca sativa) e cebolinha (Allium fistulosum). Estas espécies vegetais foram também cultivadas em canteiros de terra. Os vegetais foram colhidos 30 dias após o plantio, sendo obtidas medidas de massa da matéria verde e seca. O crescimento das tilápias foi monitorado obtendo-se, semanalmente, medidas de peso e comprimento. Os resultados mostraram que a criação de peixes e o cultivo de vegetais podem ser conjugados em um único sistema, capaz de oferecer bons resultados. A aquaponia mostrou ser um ambiente mais vantajoso à produção de agrião e cebolinha, chegando a produzir mais de 75% quando comparado a canteiros de terra. Tilápias criadas em viveiros desse sistema podem alcançar taxa de crescimento diário de 0,06 cm dia-1, desde que feito o arraçoamento correto.
Antibacterial effects of soft denture reline resin containing natural extract
Authors: Yu-Ri Choi  , Min-Kyung Kang  
Published: January 2021

Candida albicans (C. Albicans) is one of the bacteria that reside in the oral cavity, and the ones living in medical and commercial denture resins, commonly cause diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to confirm the antibacterial activity of C. Albicans using a denture base resin containing peony extract with antibacterial properties. Contact angle measurements and color change measurements were performed to confirm the physical change of the material added with the antibacterial agent to the denture reline resin. As a result of the antibacterial test, the experimental group exhibited antibacterial activity against C. Albicans. Compared to the optical density results, the results of the experimental group showed a significant difference. As a result of Fluorescent images showing (confocal laser microscope), the control group showed a lot of live bacteria, and no bacteria appeared in the experimental group. All group did not show any physical changes. As a result of the contact angle measurement, the surface of the experimental group was changed to hydrophilic. In addition, there was no change in the color of the denture reline resin containing peony extract. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the peony extract contained antibacterial activity of the denture resin, and further studies should be conducted on various bacteria for denture base resin disinfection.
Selección de un material para su posible aplicación en el diseño de una estructura
Authors: Lira Hernández Iván Alonso , Ramírez Ramírez Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

La selección de materiales está directamente relacionada con el diseño, estas dos áreas de conocimiento son fundamentales para el desarrollo de productos, uno de los primeros pasos a llevar a cabo es definir mediante argumentos cuantitativos cuál es el mejor material a utilizar y en segundo lugar cuál es la geometría más conveniente a emplear, esto se hace generalmente cuando se tiene la libertad de elegir, ya que en algunos casos se tienen ciertas restricciones o de material o en cuanto a la geometría se refiere, además de que muchas veces también se tienen limitantes por la manufactura, por lo que para poder definir el material y la geometría se hicieron las comparaciones pertinentes a través de las fórmulas y la realización de los cálculos correspondientes para conocer las ventajas o desventajas que hay al momento de variar los parámetros antes señalados.

Después de efectuar los análisis matemáticos, se modeló la estructura en 3D a través de un software de CAD, con el propósito de verificar o corroborar los cálculos mediante el método de elemento finito, mejor conocido como FEM, por sus siglas en inglés, para poder comparar lo generado mediante fórmulas y lo determinado por la simulación. Por lo que la presente investigación tiene como propósito principal poder ayudar en la mejor toma de decisiones en lo que refiere al proceso de selección de material y diseño de la geometría más conveniente para emplearse como estructura.
Reflejos tendinosos
Authors: Vargas-Cano Eloísa E. , Rodríguez Trejo Nancy , González-Maldonado Wendy Y. 
Published: January 2021

Los mecanismos reflejos están constituidos por un órgano receptor, un órgano efector y una red de comunicaciones entre ambos. La acción refleja se inicia por un estímulo de entrada y tiene como respuesta un reflejo de salida.
Los reflejos obtenidos en la exploración neurológica clínica por percusión, con un martillo de reflejos, del tendón de un músculo para provocar su contracción refleja, para lograr una buena respuesta a la estimulación es indispensable que: el estímulo sea lo suficientemente intenso, sin ser exagerado, rápido. y que el paciente se encuentre en un estado de adecuada relajación de los músculos correspondientes al reflejo que se explore.
Ethical management of limited medical resources in COVID-19 times
Authors: Omaña-Covarrubias Arianna , Nez-Castro Ana Teresa , Moya-Escalera Adrián , Cuevas-Suárez Carlos , Acuña-Gorrola María del Refugio 
Published: January 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected thousands of people around de world, regardless their race, religion, sexual preferences nor socioeconomic class, leaving all of us with the same vulnerability to suffer this disease. This emergency situation has shown to have the ability to collapse de health care systems in countries like: Italy, Spain, and the United States, because the medical personnel and the available material resources were exceeded. This conflict generates big ethical challenges for the practice of public health since difficult decisions have to be made about how, when and to whom the resources should be allocated. Due to the great responsibility that resource allocation implies, important points in the existing literature are exposed on how to give the best solution to this situation.
Manipulación del Novint Falcon mediante el brazalete de gestos Myo
Authors: Gudiño Lau Jorge , Alcalá Rodríguez Janeth , Charre Ibarra Saida , Duran Fonseca Miguel , Veléz-Díaz Daniel , Jalomo Jaime 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo presenta la manipulación de un dispositivo háptico Novint Falcon de tres grados de libertad a través de un brazalete Myo de control de gestos de antebrazo y mano. La interfaz de comunicación del brazalalete Myo y el control del dispositivo háptico son desarrollada en Simulink de MATLAB, mediante librerías y controladores propias de los dispositivos.
Además muestra un control lineal PID para la manipulación del dispositivo háptico, teniendo como señal de referencia el brazalete electromiográfico Myo de una persona, se utiliza para detectar los gestos del antebrazo y mano. Esta aplicación está desarrollada para que personas con alguna discapacidad motriz de la extremidad superior pueda manipular objetos.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Ansari Kashif 
Published: January 2021

With the rise of factory farming, milk is now almost an unnatural operation. The modern dairy farm can have hundreds, even thousands of cows. Today’s average dairy cow produces six to seven times as much milk as she did a century ago. Currently, the United States is the largest producer of milk in the world, followed by India and China. India being one of the largest milk producer around the world, has to import a part of Milk products and its exports are negligible in the World Export Share.
This paper tries to examine the issues regarding ‘Export Performance of Dairy Industry of India’: Trends, Challenges and suggestions for improving the trade situation. The existing Literature has been reviewed accordingly comprising Trade Exports, Imports and the factors which are affecting the Milk Production in country. The Objectives of the study is to find out the reasons for the low per unit production, Imports and negligible exports. In Nutshell, it can be said that there are many unexplored areas in which researchers can explore the findings which can be helpful in achieving trade balance of the Indian Economy.