bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Decontamination Procedures on Marginal and Internal Adaptation in Saliva Contaminated Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: Pappa Eftychia , Masouras Konstantinos , Margaritis Vasileios , Kakaboura Afrodite 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural saliva contamination of dentin, on marginal and internal adaptation of resin-composite restorations performed with an etch-and-rinse adhesive and determine the efficiency of various decontamination techniques. Methods: A hundred and twenty human molars and premolars were randomly distributed into six groups (n=20). Enamel was removed and standardized dentin cavities (diameter: 3 mm, depth: 2 mm) were filled with a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive and resin-composite under six different surface treatments: (1) adhesive application following manufacturers’ instructions (control); (2) dentin etching, 5-s saliva, 5-s air-dry, adhesive; (3) dentin etching, 5-s saliva, 10-s water-rinse, 5-s air-dry, adhesive; (4) adhesive application/light-cure, 5-s saliva, 5-s air-dry; (5) adhesive application/light-cure, 5-s saliva, 10-s water-rinse, 5-s air-dry; (6) adhesive application/light-cure, 5-s saliva, 10-s water-rinse, 5-s air-dry, adhesive reapplication. Wall adaptation was evaluated at the upper surface and at two consecutive depth levels of 0.5mm each, by measuring the length of the debonded margins relative to the cavity periphery (%DM) and the width of the maximum marginal gap (MG). Results: Statistically significant differences occurred among groups, presenting inferior adaptation after contamination took place. Group (1) at the upper surface presented the most satisfactory adaptation, whereas, groups (4) and (5) had the significantly poorest adaptation in all surfaces. Groups (2), (3), and (6) revealed no statistically significant differences in comparison to group (1). Conclusion: Saliva contamination resulted in deterioration of marginal and internal adaptation when it occurred after the adhesive application. Reapplication of the adhesive restored DM and MG values.
Clinical and molecular spectrum of 46, XY disorders of sex development that harbour MAMLD1 variations: Case series and review of literature
Authors: Lele Li , Fan Lijun , Gao Fenqi , Wu Di , Gong Chunxiu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Mastermind-like domain-containing 1 (MAMLD1) has previously been identified as a causative gene for "46, XY Disorders of Sex Development (DSD)". Recently, there has been some controversy regarding the causative role of MAMLD1 variations in DSDs. Here we describe a clinical series and review the reported cases to evaluate the role of MAMLD1 variants in children with 46, XY DSD. Cases of 46, XY DSD harbouring MAMLD1 variants from unrelated families were recruited from the Beijing Children’s Hospital in China (N = 10)or identified through a literature search (N = 26). The clinical manifestations and genetic variants of all the patients were evaluated.Results Hypospadias was the most prevalent phenotype among our 10 cases (8 out of 10 cases) and in all the previously reported ones. Central precocious puberty and isolated micropeniswere observedfor the first time. Among the 10 cases, nine variants were identified, including three nonsense (p.A356X, p.G152X, and p.G124X) and six missense (p.P334S, p.S662A, p.A421P,p.T992I, p.P542S, and p.A927L) variants. In silico analysis showed that the variants p.P334S, p.P542S, p.S662A, and p.A927Lmight lead to drastic changes in the interaction force of the amino acid chain and the flexibility of the spatial structure, and such changes may affect protein function.Conclusion Patients with 46, XY DSD harbouring MAMLD1variants manifest a broad spectrum of phenotypes and mostly present with hypospadias. The six novel variants reported here enrich the mutation database and contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of 46, XY DSD.
Blood Neutrophil Counts are Associated with Exacerbation Frequency and Mortality in COPD
Authors: Lonergan Mike , Dicker Alison J , Crichton Megan L , Keir Holly R , Dyke Melissa K. Van , Mullerova Hana , Miller Bruce E , Tal-Singer Ruth , Chalmers James 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Identifying patients with COPD at increased risk of poor outcomes is challenging due to disease heterogeneity. Potential biomarkers need to be readily available in real-life clinical practice. Blood eosinophil counts are widely studied but few studies have examined the prognostic value of blood neutrophil counts (BNC). Methods In a large population-based COPD registry in the East of Scotland (TARDIS: Tayside Allergic and Respiratory Disease Information System), BNC were compared to measures of disease severity and mortality over up to 15 years follow-up. Potential mechanisms of disease modification by BNC were explored in a nested microbiome substudy. Results 178120 neutrophil counts were obtained from 7220 people (mean follow up 9 years) during stable disease periods. Median BNC was 5200cells/µL (IQR 4000-7000cells/µL). Mortality rates among those 34% with elevated BNCs (defined as 6000-15000cells/µL) at the study start were 80% higher (14.0/100 person years v 7.8/100py, P<0.001) than those with BNC in the normal range (2000-6000cells/µL). People with elevated BNC were more likely to be classified as GOLD D (46% v 33% P<0.001), have more exacerbations (mean 2.3 v 1.3/year, P<0.001), and were more likely to have severe exacerbations (13% vs. 5%, P<0.001) in the following year. Eosinophil counts were much less predictive of these outcomes. In a sub-cohort (N=276), patients with elevated BNC had increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria and reduced microbiome diversity. Conclusion High BNC may provide a useful indicator of risk of exacerbations and mortality in COPD patients.
Implementing nature-based solutions for creating a resourceful circular city
Authors: Langergraber Guenter , Pucher Bernhard , Simperler Lena , Kisser Johannes , Katsou Evina , Buehler Devi , Mateo Mari Carmen Garcia , Atanasova Nataša 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Resource depletion, climate change and degradation of ecosystems are challenges faced by cities worldwide and will increase if cities do not adapt. In order to tackle those challenges, it is necessary to transform our cities into sustainable systems using a holistic approach. One element in achieving this transition is the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS). NBS can provide a range of ecosystem services beneficial for the urban biosphere such as regulation of micro-climates, flood prevention, water treatment, food provision and more. However, most NBS are implemented serving only one single purpose. Adopting the concept of circular economy by combining different types of services and returning resources to the city, would increase the benefits gained for urban areas. The COST Action Circular City aims to establish a network testing the hypothesis that: ‘A circular flow system that implements NBS for managing nutrients and resources within the urban biosphere will lead to a resilient, sustainable and healthy urban environment’. In this paper we introduce the COST Action Circular City by describing its main objectives and aims. The paper also serves as introduction to the review papers of the Action's five Working Groups in this Special Issue.
Opioid Growth Factor and its Derivatives as Potential Non-toxic Multifunctional Anticancer and Analgesic Compounds
Authors: Budka Justyna , Kowalski Szymon , Chylinska Monika , Dzierzbicka Krystyna , Inkielewicz-Stepniak Iwona 
Published: March 2020

:
Despite significant research progress on the pathogenesis, molecular biology, diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of cancer, its morbidity and mortality are still high around the
world. The emerging resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs remains still a significant
problem in oncology today. Furthermore, an important challenge is the inability of anticancer
drugs to selectively target tumor cells thus sparing healthy cells.

:
One of the new potential options for efficient and safe therapy can be provided by opioid
growth factor (OGF), chemically termed Met-enkephalin. It is an endogenous pentapeptide
(Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) with antitumor, analgesic, and immune-boosting properties. Clinical
trials have demonstrated that OGF therapy alone, as well as in combination with standard
chemotherapies, is a safe, non-toxic anticancer agent that reduces tumor size.

:
In this paper, we review the structure-activity relationship of OGF and its analogues. We
highlight also OGF derivatives with analgesic, immunomodulatory activity and the ability to
penetrate the blood-brain barrier and may be used as safe agents enhancing chemotherapy efficacy
and improving quality of life in cancer patients.

:
The reviewed papers indicate that Met-enkephalin and its analogues are interesting candidates
for the development of novel, non-toxic, and endowed with an analgesic activity anticancer
drugs. More preclinical and clinical studies are needed to explore these opportunities.
Evaluation of Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Clinacanthus Nutans Extracts in Cancer Cells
Authors: Sulaiman Nurul Atiqah , Rajabalaya Rajan , Lee Shirley Huan Fang , Lim Ya Chee , Lim Wei Hon , Roslan Amal Zahirah , David Sheba Rani , Zulkipli Ihsan Nazurah 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The preparations of commercially available Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.F)
Lindau (Acanthaceae) (CN) leaf are gaining attention as an alternative cancer treatment, particularly
in South East Asia. Multiple studies have suggested that CN has potential anticancer activities; however,
the mechanism of these activities has remained elusive.

Objective:
This study evaluated the cytotoxic mechanisms of CN extracts in cancer cells.

Methods:
CN extracts were prepared from either fresh or dried leaves, using different solvents. Cytotoxicity
of CN extracts was tested on the A549 (lung cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), MCF-7
(breast cancer) and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) cell lines using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry
was used to assess changes in the cell cycle profile, while Western blotting was used to examine microtubule
stability. Finally, the mode of cell death was investigated using the Annexin V-FITC
Apoptosis Detection Kit.

Results:
Aqueous Fresh (AQF) extract was prepared to simulate the ethnomedicinal use of CN, and
reduce cell viability of MCF-7 cells with IC50 = 1.71 mg/mL. Some CN extracts have the ability to
inhibit the proliferation of four different cancer cell lines after a 24 hour treatment. Annexin V assay
results showed that acetone extracts of CN induced increments in the percentage of apoptotic cell
death. However, flow cytometry results showed that the cancer cell cycle profile was not affected.
Similarly, immunoblotting results also indicate that microtubule dynamics in MCF-7 cells were not
altered. However, the aqueous extract, prepared to simulate the current ethnomedicinal use of CN
leaves in cancer treatment, did not significantly inhibit cancer cell proliferation with an IC50 = 1.71
mg/mL.

Conclusions:
This study was the first to show that microtubules in cancer cells remain dynamic after
treatment with CN extracts, effectively ruling interference of microtubule dynamics as the mode of
cell death. AMD extract showed the highest effects of MCF-7 cell proliferation.
Fuzzy Inference Methods for Forming Expert Systems for Forecasting Innovative Processes
Authors: Tenenev V. A. , Shatalova O. M. 
Published: March 2020

В статье освещены результаты разработки методического обеспечения механизма логического вывода в составе экспертных систем прогнозирования инновационных процессов на промышленных производственных предприятиях. Актуальность экспертных систем в исследуемой предметной области обусловлена высокой организационной сложностью и существенной неопределенностью инновационных процессов. Логический вывод в составе экспертной системы выполняет функцию воспроизведения логики принятия решений, приемлемой в заданной предметной области. Решение поставленной задачи основано на следующих условиях: логический вывод реализуется по критерию эффективности; эффективность оценивается как мера соответствия между требуемыми и ожидаемыми значениям трех ключевых параметров – целевой эффект, стоимость ресурсов, сроки; показатель эффективности представлен в векторной форме (как трехмерный вектор параметров эффективности); функция соответствия реализуется через нечеткий логический вывод; содержание каждого из параметров эффективности (состав факторов) раскрывается в соответствии с онтологией инновационного процесса; состав факторов эффективности представлен структурной моделью; оценка факторов производится детерминированными и экспертными методами; отношения между факторами реализуются в виде нечетких правил, а также через детерминированные связи; параметры нечеткого логического вывода формируются в соответствии с общей методологией нечетко-множественного моделирования, при этом функция вывода реализуется через взвешенную оценку правил, а весовые коэффициенты определяются экспертными методами; экспертная оценка весовых коэффициентов проводится в контексте исследуемых стратегий инновационного процесса. Комплексное методическое обеспечение механизма нечеткого логического вывода в экспертной системе прогнозирования инновационных процессов направлено на учет технико-экономических характеристик инновационного процесса, стратегического контекста его реализации, значимых ограничений организационной системы. Разработанные методы нечеткого логического вывода обеспечивают корректный и интуитивно понятный перевод ментальных рассуждений ЛПР (в лингвистической форме) на языковые средства математики; этому способствует в том числе использование метода взвешенной оценки правил при реализации функции вывода, соответствующей ментальным критериям эвристического анализа.
An Evolutionary Approach to Solving the Problem of Vehicle Routing
Authors: Tenenev V. A. , Shaura A. S. , Shaura D. S. 
Published: March 2020

Рассматривается задача маршрутизации транспортных средств, являющаяся обобщением задачи коммивояжера. Существует несколько основных моделей маршрутизации, каждая из которых характеризуется наличием дополнительных условий (по грузоподъемности, транспортному парку, времени доставки, количеству баз и т. д.) и описывает группу реальных задач транспортной логистики. Эта задача относится к классу NP-трудных, а наличие дополнительных условий еще более усложняет ее решение. В работе описан двухэтапный подход к организации оптимальной маршрутизации: на первом этапе все пункты доставки распределяются на географические районы методами нечеткой кластеризации, а на втором − для каждого района и каждого транспортного средства с помощью генетического алгоритма рассчитывается оптимальный маршрут. При этом все имеющиеся в задаче ограничения учитываются при вычислении фитнес-функции и определяют допустимость и приспособленность особей популяции. В большинстве практических задач необходимо иметь сбалансированное распределение потребителей по различным маршрутам для равномерной загрузки транспортного парка и снижения общего времени доставки, поэтому в представленном алгоритме после предварительной оценки продолжительности всех маршрутов предусмотрена дополнительная процедура выравнивания кластеров. Реализованный алгоритм успешно использовался для получения решения задачи маршрутизации в масштабах города и в условиях реальной транспортной сети.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK MIND MAPPING DI KELAS V SD.
Authors: Ratih Maistika , Taufina Taufina 
Published: March 2020

Abstrak: Based on preliminary studies conducted in class V SDN 01 Koto Merapak. In indoensian language subjects, especially in writing poetry there are still many difficulties and obstacles faced by students. Students find it difficult to express their ideas in the form of poetry. This happens because the learning media used by educators is still less attractive to student, educators have not utilized the media as an object in writing poetry. This causes the skills of student in poetry to be low. The purpose of this study was to describe the improvement of poetry writing skills using the Mind Mapping technique in class V SDN 01 Koto Merapak. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach, with a type of classroom action research. This research was conducted in two cycles, with the stages of planning, implementing , observing and reflecting. This research was carried out inthe second semester of the 2018/2019 school year at SDN 01 Koto Merapak. With the subject of this research is the fifth grade students of SDN 01 Koto Merapak with a total of 32 student. While the research instruments are observation sheets, field note sheet test sheet, and documentation. The results showed that poetry writing skills using Mind Mapping techniques can improve poetry writing skills of students in SDN 01 SDN Koto Merapak. This can be seen from the result of the poetry writing ability in the first ccle of meeting I getting an average of 69.78% with the criterion (C), increasing in the first cycle of the first meeting obtaining an average of 74.12 % with the criteria of good (B), and increasing in the second cycle getting average –average 88.74% with very good criteria (SB). So based on the research above, that intellectual ability in writing poetry can increase using the Mind Mapping technique.
Challenges and social support provisions in the treatment of HIV infected children in Indonesia
Authors: Yuniar Yuyun , Handayani Rini Sasanti 
Published: March 2020

Latar belakang: Pengobatan pada anak yang terinfeksi HIV merupakan beban bagi para orang tua/pengasuh karena berbagai permasalahan menyangkut kesehatan mereka.
Metode: Penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman dan dukungan sosial pada pengobatan anak terinfeksi HIV dilakukan di 5 provinsi di Indonesia dengan prevalensi HIV tertinggi. Total sampel anak sebanyak 239 orang dari sejumlah 267 orang yang direncanakan. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara semi terstruktur dengan orang tua/pengasuhnya. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 16 anak berusia 2-14 tahun yang telah mendapatkan terapi obat antiretroviral.
Hasil: Dari sejumlah 160 anak, sebanyak 62,5% anak mengkonsumsi 1-2 item obat dan 36,9% mengkonsumsi 3 5 item. Efek samping yang paling sering terjadi adalah kulit kemerahan, mual dan muntah. Kesulitan yang paling sering dihadapi adalah rasa bosan dan anak mempertanyakan minum obat. Orangtua/pengasuh berusaha melanjutkan pengobatan dengan mengingatkan jadwal minum obat, membujuk, memberikan penjelasan bahkan memaksa atau mengancam mereka untuk minum obat. Kesulitan tersebut makin bertambah seiring meningkatnya usia anak. Dukungan yang paling sering berasal dari orang tua dan keluarga besar seperti nenek atau paman, khususnya untuk anak yang sudah yatim.
Kesimpulan: Pemahaman hambatan pengobatan pada anak terinfeksi HIV dapat membantu untuk menyediakan intervensi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan yang akan mendorong kesuksesan terapi mereka.
Kata kunci: anak terinfeksi HIV, antiretroviral, dukungan social, pengobatan, kesulitan

Abstract
Background: The treatment of HIV infected children is a burden to their caregiver due to many existing problems related with their health.
Methods: A research to explore the experience and social support on the treatment of HIV infected children was conducted in 5 provinces in Indonesia with highest prevalence of HIV. Total children sample was 239 out of previous 267 planned. Data was collected through semi structured interview with caregivers of the children. Analysis was conducted to 160 children aged 2-14 years old who were on antiretroviral therapy.
Results: Among those 160 children, 62.5% took 1-2 items of medicines and 36.9% took 3-5 items. The most frequent adverse events were skin rash followed by nausea and vomiting. Boredom and questioning were the most frequent difficulties. The caregivers attempted to continue the treatment by reminding the children on schedule to take medicines, wheedling, explaining, forcing or even threatening them. The difficulties appeared more as the children grew older. The most frequent supports mainly came from parents, and extended family such as grandmother or uncle especially for orphaned children.
Conclusion: Understanding obstacles in HIV infected children will help to do proper interventions to improve adherence that will lead to successful therapy.
Keywords: HIV infected children, antiretroviral, social support, treatment, difficulties
Cloning and expression of Human Papilloma virus type 16 L1 capsid protein in bacteria
Authors: Widyaningtyas Silvia Tri , Meilany Sofy , Bela Budiman 
Published: March 2020

Latar belakang: Secara alamiah protein kapsid L1 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) tipe 16 dapat mengalami auto assembly untuk membentuk Viral like particle (VLP). Terkait dengan penelitian vaksin HPV, VLP dapat digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti vaksin, pseudovirion atau SpyTag-Spycatcher. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendapatkan plasmid rekombinan yang digunakan untuk produksi protein L1 HPV 16.
Metode: Gen penyandi protein L1 HPV 16 diklona ke dalam vector pQE80L, suatu plasmid yang mengandung sistem ekspresi untuk prokariota. DNA penyandi HPV 16 L1 disisipkan pada situs restriksi BamHI dan Hind III plasmid pQE80L. Plasmid rekombinan yang mengandung gen L1 HPV 16dikonfirmasi menggunakan PCR dan analisis enzim restriksi. Lebih lanjut untuk memastikan bahwa gen rekombinan L1 HPV 16 dapat diekspresikan dalam prokariota, plasmid rekombinan ditransformasikan ke bakteri Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Bakteri diinduksi dengan Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) dengan berbagai konsentrasi dan berbagai waktu inkubasi.
Hasil: protein rekombinan L1, berat 56 kDa, telah berhasil diekspresikan dalam sistem prokariota. Protein rekombinan L1 dapat dimurnikan menggunakan TalonR dalam kondisi denaturasi.
Kesimpulan: gen L1 HPV 16 telah dikloning ke dalam pQE80L dan berhasil diekspresikan dalam sistem prokariota. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2019;10(2):82-9)
Kata kunci: L1, HPV 16, cervical cancer

Abstract
Background: Naturally Human Papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 L1 capsid protein can auto assemble to form Viral like particles (VLP). Concerning to vaccine development for HPV, VLP can be used for a variety of needs such as a vaccine, pseudovirion or SpyTag-Spycatcher. In this study, to obtain a vector expression that can be used in the production of HPV L1 protein, we cloned gene coding HPV 16 L1 protein into pQE80L a plasmid contains an expression system for prokaryote.
Methods: The DNA coding HPV 16 L1 was inserted at BamHI and Hind III restriction sites of pQE80L plasmid. The recombinant plasmid containing the HPV L1 gene was confirmed using PCR colony and enzyme restriction. Further to ensure the recombinant HPV 16 L1 gene could be expressed in a prokaryote, the recombinant plasmid was transformed into bacteria Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The bacteria were induced with IPTG with various concentrations and various incubation time.
Result: L1 recombinant protein, 56 kDa in weight, has successfully been expressed in prokaryote system. L1 recombinant protein can be purified using TalonR under denaturing conditions.
Conclusion: L1 HPV 16 gene has been cloned into pQE80L and successfully expressed in prokaryote system. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2019;10(2):82-9)
Keywords: L1, HPV 16, cervical cancer