bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of Tet3 by cdk5 is critical for robust activation of BRN2 during neuronal differentiation
Authors: Rao Vinay Kumar , Swarnaseetha Adusumalli , Tham Guo-Hong , Lin Wei-Qi , Han Bin-Bin , Benoukraf Touati , Xu Guo-Liang , Ong Chin-Tong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tet3 regulates the dynamic balance between 5-methylcyotsine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA during brain development and homeostasis. However, it remains unclear how its functions are modulated in a context-dependent manner during neuronal differentiation. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) phosphorylates Tet3 at the highly conserved serine 1310 and 1379 residues within its catalytic domain, changing its in vitro dioxygenase activity. Interestingly, when stably expressed in Tet1, 2, 3 triple-knockout mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), wild-type Tet3 induces higher level of 5hmC and concomitant expression of genes associated with neurogenesis whereas phosphor-mutant (S1310A/S1379A) Tet3 causes elevated 5hmC and expression of genes that are linked to metabolic processes. Consistent with this observation, Tet3-knockout mouse ESCs rescued with wild-type Tet3 have higher level of 5hmC at the promoter of neuron-specific gene BRN2 when compared to cells that expressed phosphor-mutant Tet3. Wild-type and phosphor-mutant Tet3 also exhibit differential binding affinity to histone variant H2A.Z. The differential 5hmC enrichment and H2A.Z occupancy at BRN2 promoter is correlated with higher gene expression and more efficient neuronal differentiation of ESCs that expressed wild-type Tet3. Taken together, our results suggest that cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of Tet3 is required for robust activation of neuronal differentiation program.
Nuptiality to regulate the commons? The case of the Don Cossacks (South Russia), 1867–1916
Authors: Bonneuil Noël , Fursa Elena 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSustainability in the commons has been associated with the optimal net present value controlled by the harvest rate under stationary population. Population growth however disrupts this scheme. In traditional societies, fertility was regulated by age at marriage. In times of population growth and limited resources, economic sustainability then requires that age of marriage should be raised. In the case study of the Don Cossacks, 1867–1916, early marriage, which was an important marker of social cohesion, was too slow to increase when mortality declined, fuelling a population growth that threatened the agrarian economy: age at marriage then appears to be essential to the theory of the commons in traditional societies.
Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy for Giant Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Giant intracranial aneurysms pose a significant surgical challenge because of the associated difficulty in achieving adequate visualization of the parent artery and aneurysm neck. This patient had an incidentally identified giant anterior communicating artery aneurysm. An orbitozygomatic craniotomy was performed for aneurysm exposure and aneurysmal neck dissection. Aneurysm dome opening and thrombectomy was performed to debulk the aneurysmal mass, which facilitated subsequent aneurysmal neck visualization. Sequential utilization of temporary clips of the bilateral A1 and bilateral A2 vessels reduced hemorrhage during thrombectomy. Multiple permanent clips were applied along the dissected aneurysm neck to permit occlusion. A small fracture of the aneurysm neck was identified, and cotton was applied with subsequent tamponade utilizing a fenestrated clip to maintain hemostasis. Indocyanine green fluoroscopy was used to verify parent and distant vessel patency. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Saccular aneurysms that arise from the origin of or along a lenticulostriate artery are rarely observed. In general, occlusion of the lenticulostriate artery is discouraged because of the risk of a capsular infarction. This patient was a woman with moyamoya disease who demonstrated a fusiform aneurysm of a lenticulostriate artery. Image guidance was critical to correctly identify the location of the aneurysm. The lenticulostriate artery was occluded by a surgical clip to obliterate the aneurysm and consequently the flow through the artery. However, the patient tolerated the procedure well and did not experience an ischemic stroke from the vessel occlusion. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Microsurgical Resection of Brainstem Arteriovenous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Brainstem arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare lesions (2%-6% of all intracranial AVMs) that are surgically challenging because of the high eloquence of the brainstem, including dense fiber tracts, cranial nerves, and multiple vital cerebrovascular structures. All these lesions possess eloquence and deep venous drainage, making them innately Spetlzer–Martin grade III or above. This patient had a large midbrain AVM with a complex clinical course beginning with ventriculoperitoneal shunting due to mass effect; the patient experienced 4 hemorrhages, underwent radiation treatment, and finally underwent surgical resection. The surgical approach involved a large torcular craniotomy exposing all posterior sinuses at the confluence. The vein of Galen was exposed and carried deeply to permit ambient cistern opening and relaxation of the cerebellum. Because of earlier radiation therapy, the vessels had undergone hyalinosis, which resulted in difficult manipulation of the nidus but did permit excellent coagulation of the vessels. The complete nidus was removed, as confirmed on postoperative angiography. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Opioid Prescribing to Medicare Part D Enrollees, 2013–2017: Shifting Responsibility to Pain Management Providers
Authors: Romman Adam N , Hsu Connie M , Chou Lin-Na , Kuo Yong-Fang , Przkora Rene , Gupta Rajnish K , Lozada M James 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine opioid prescribing frequency and trends to Medicare Part D enrollees from 2013 to 2017 by medical specialty and provider type.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, specialty- and provider-level analysis of Medicare Part D prescriber data for opioid claims from 2013 to 2017. We analyzed opioid claims and prescribing trends for specialties accounting for ≥1% of all opioid claims.

Results
From 2013 to 2017, pain management providers increased Medicare Part D opioid claims by 27.3% to 1,140 mean claims per provider in 2017; physical medicine and rehabilitation providers increased opioid claims 16.9% to 511 mean claims per provider in 2017. Every other medical specialty decreased opioid claims over this period, with emergency medicine (–19.9%) and orthopedic surgery (–16.0%) dropping opioid claims more than any specialty. Physicians overall decreased opioid claims per provider by –5.2%. Meanwhile, opioid claims among both dentists (+5.6%) and nonphysician providers (+10.2%) increased during this period.

Conclusions
From 2013 to 2017, pain management and PMR increased opioid claims to Medicare Part D enrollees, whereas physicians in every other specialty decreased opioid prescribing. Dentists and nonphysician providers also increased opioid prescribing. Overall, opioid claims to Medicare Part D enrollees decreased and continue to drop at faster rates.
Biologic therapy in supra-aortic Takayasu arteritis can improve symptoms of cerebral ischaemia without surgical intervention
Authors: Porter Andrew , Youngstein Taryn , Tombetti Enrico , Mason Justin C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Takayasu arteritis commonly results in severe arterial injury with stenoses, occlusions and occasionally aneurysms. Arterial disease may compromise organ blood flow and result in significant cardiovascular morbidity and premature mortality. Involvement of the supra-aortic arteries is common, and in its most severe form may compromise cerebral blood supply, resulting in signs of cerebral ischaemia including visual impairment, dysphasia, transient hemiparesis, loss of consciousness and stroke. In addition to combination immunosuppression, the management paradigm for symptomatic cerebral ischaemia includes revascularization. The invasive nature of this surgery, the risk of complications and the relatively high rate of re-stenosis is of concern to patients and their physicians alike. The aim of this study was to determine whether combined immunosuppression with early escalation to biologic therapy improved outcomes and reduced the need for high risk surgical intervention.

Methods
A retrospective review of 145 Takayasu arteritis patients attending Imperial College Healthcare between 2010–2018 was conducted to identify those with cerebral ischaemia secondary to supra-aortic disease and to analyse their treatment and outcomes.

Results
Eight patients (5.5%) were identified. Seven patients received long-term combined immunosuppressive therapy and six were prescribed biologics. The data revealed a higher than expected comprehensive response to therapy, with significant falls in disease activity, the cerebral ischaemia score and the prednisolone dose required, over a median follow-up of 37 months. Serial imaging analysis detected no arterial disease progression after the initiation of optimal therapy. Only one patient required surgical intervention for persistent neurological symptoms.

Conclusion
Early use of biologic therapy in those with supra-aortic Takayasu arteritis presenting with cerebral ischaemia may reduce the numbers of patients requiring surgical intervention and improve outcomes.
Lowest-Low Fertility in South Korea: Policy and Domestic Labor Supports and the Transition to Second Birth
Authors: Kim Joeun , Luke Nancy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScholars and policymakers contend that severe work-family constraints for women are a key contributor to lowest-low fertility in industrialized countries. Two separate areas of research have examined supports that could alleviate these constraints and potentially increase fertility: institutional support in the form of public policies and domestic labor support from male partners. There are few studies considering the influence of both policy and domestic labor supports and no investigations of the interplay between these two support mechanisms. We develop and test a theoretical framework that considers how the combination of these supports could alleviate women’s work-family constraints and increase fertility. Using the case of South Korea, a country with one of the most sustained lowest-low fertility rates in history, we examined the relationship between women’s eligibility for parental leave and husbands’ share of domestic labor and the transition to a second birth. Our analyses revealed that both supports, independently, had positive effects on the likelihood of a second birth. More importantly, we found that husbands’ domestic labor had a positive influence on fertility only when women’s access to parental leave was limited, suggesting that policy and domestic labor supports are substitutes and alleviate the same underlying work-family constraint in the Korean context. Our study underscores the importance of understanding the nature of work-family conflict across countries and how various supports―alone or in combination―could relieve women’s constraints on childbearing and upturn lowest-low fertility.
When morphometry meets taxonomy: morphological variation and species boundaries in Proboscoida (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)
Authors: Cunha Amanda F , Collins Allen G , Marques Antonio C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpecies delimitation in marine taxa is often problematic given large intraspecific variation. Based on extensive, recently published genetic sampling from specimens of the hydrozoan families Campanulariidae, Clytiidae and Obeliidae, we evaluate morphological variation in this group, correlating morphometric and phylogenetic patterns for species delimitation. Several species of Campanulariidae are confidently delimited based on differences in size (e.g. Bonneviella species, Tulpa tulipifera and Rhizocaulus verticillatus), while others are re-identified and corroborated based on differences in perisarc thickness (e.g. Silicularia rosea, Orthopyxis and Campanularia species). In Clytiidae, the length and diameter of hydrothecae, height of hydrothecal cusps and perisarc thickness delimit the species Clytia linearis, C. elsaeoswaldae and C. noliformis from others. However, few characters reliably differentiate the clades associated with the nominal species C. gracilis and C. hemisphaerica. In Obeliidae, Obelia geniculata is distinctive in its higher perisarc thickness, and corroborated as a widely distributed species. Obelia longissima and clades refered to O. dichotoma are subtly distinguished, showing a few differences in size and branching of colonies. The taxonomic implications of these results are discussed. With a few exceptions, species can be delimited based on morphometric patterns, once morphological variation is compared.
Molecular detection of H. pylori antibiotic‐resistant genes and molecular docking analysis
Authors: Chu Aining , Wang Dan , Guo Qianqian , Lv Zhi , Yuan Yuan , Gong Yuehua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo explore the mutation characteristics of H. pylori resistance‐related genes to antibiotics of clarithromycin (CAM), levofloxacin (LVX) and metronidazole, 23SrRNA, gyrA, gyrB, rdxA, and frxA genes were amplified and sequenced, respectively. Molecular docking study was performed to explore molecular interactions between chemotherapeutic agents and target proteins. In the CAM‐resistant strains, the mutation rate in site A2143G was 74.2% (n = 23). The interactions in sites of G1949A, C1953T, and G2211T with CAM were weaker after mutation. In the LVX‐resistant strains, the mutation rates in 87 (N to K/I) and 91 (D to N/Y/G) of gyrA were 28.6% (n = 16) and 12.5% (n = 7), respectively. We could infer by docking studies that N87 K/I, D91Y/G/N, D99N, and D143E mutations in GyrA protein all had weakened interaction with LVX. The mutation types of RdxA protein consisted of protein truncation caused by premature stop codons (n = 26, 33.3%), frameshift mutations (n = 8, 10.3%), FMN‐binding sites (n = 16, 20.5%), and the others (n = 11, 14.1%). Docking analysis showed that some mutations in those four types of RdxA protein could reduce interaction with MNZ, and play a significant role in antibiotic resistance. What's more, we performed natural transformation with some of these mutated DNA fragments to see if they really impact susceptibility to antibiotics. Our study suggested that in addition to the reported mutation sites, H. pylori antibiotic resistance in this region may also be associated with changes in some new sites. Our study provides novel ideas and methods for the identification of H. pylori resistance‐related mutations, and also clues and basis for further investigation on specific molecular mechanism.
The impact of public health interventions on the future prevalence of ESBL-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae: a population based mathematical modelling study
Authors: Salazar-Vizcaya Luisa , Atkinson Andrew , Kronenberg Andreas , Plüss-Suard Catherine , Kouyos Roger , Kachalov Viacheslav , Troillet Nicolas , Marschall Jonas , Sommerstein Rami 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundExtended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL-) producingK. pneumoniaeis one of the most common causes of infections with antimicrobial resistant bacteria worldwide. The spread of colonization of humans with this pathogen is on the rise. The future prevalence of colonization with ESBL-producingK. pneumoniae, and the potential of public health interventions to lower it, remain uncertain.MethodsBased on detailed data on antimicrobial consumption and susceptibility systematically recorded for over 13 years in a Swiss region, we developed a mathematical model toi)reconstruct the observed course of colonization with ESBL-producingK. pneumoniae;andii)to assess the potential impact of public health interventions on future trends in colonization.ResultsSimulated prevalence of colonization with ESBL-producingK. pneumoniaestabilized in the near future when rates of antimicrobial consumption and in-hospital transmission remained stable in the main analyses (simulated prevalence in 2025 was 5.3% (5.0%-9.1%) in hospitals and 2.7% (2.1%-4.6%) in the communityversus5.6% (5.1%-9.5%) and 2.8% (2.2%-5.0%) in 2019). The largest changes in future prevalence were observed in simulations that assumed changes in overall antimicrobial consumption. When overall antimicrobial consumption was set to decrease by 50%, prevalence in 2025 declined by 89% in hospitals and by 84% in the community. A 50% decline in transmission rate within hospitals led to a reduction in prevalence of 43% in hospitals and of 13% in the community by 2025. Prevalence changed much less (≤9%) across scenarios with reduced carbapenem consumption. Assuming higher rates for the contribution from external sources of colonization, led to decreasing estimations of future prevalence in hospitals. While high uncertainty remains on the magnitude of these contribution, the best model fit suggested that as much as 46% (95% CI: 12%-96 %) of observed colonizations could be attributable to sources other than human-to-human transmission within the geographical setting (i.e., non-local transmission).ConclusionsThis study suggests that overall antimicrobial consumption will be, by far, the most powerful driver of future prevalence and that a large fraction of colonizations could be attributed to non-local transmission.
A novel feature fusion based on the evolutionary features for protein fold recognition using support vector machines
Authors: Refahi Mohammad Saleh , Mir A. , Nasiri Jalal A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProtein fold recognition plays a crucial role in discovering three-dimensional structure of proteins and protein functions. Several approaches have been employed for the prediction of protein folds. Some of these approaches are based on extracting features from protein sequences and using a strong classifier. Feature extraction techniques generally utilize syntactical-based information, evolutionary-based information and physiochemical-based information to extract features. In recent years, Finding an efficient technique for integrating discriminate features have been received advancing attention. In this study, we integrate Auto-Cross-Covariance (ACC) and Separated dimer (SD) evolutionary feature extraction methods. The results features are scored by Information gain (IG) to define and select several discriminated features. According to three benchmark datasets, DD, RDD and EDD, the results of the support vector machine (SVM) show more than 6% improvement in accuracy on these benchmark datasets.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals domestication-associated features of Atlantic salmon lipid metabolism
Authors: Jin Yang , Olsen Rolf Erik , Harvey Thomas Nelson , Østensen Mari-Ann , Li Keshuai , Santi Nina , Vadstein Olav , Vik Jon Olav , Sandve Simen Rød , Olsen Yngvar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDomestication of Salmo salar has imposed strong selection for production traits since the 1970s. The domestication has also imposed a radical shift in diet. Whereas wild salmon eats invertebrates, crustaceans and fish, the dietary lipids in domestic feed has since 1990 gradually shifted from fish oil (FO) to vegetable oil (VO), causing a decrease intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). We tested the hypothesis that this shift has induced domestication-specific features of lipid metabolism in a 96-day feeding trial of domesticated and wild salmon fed diets based on FO, VO or phospholipids (PL). We addressed this by sampling tissues central in fat uptake (pyloric caeca) and processing (liver) and quantifying RNA expression and fatty acid composition. Domesticated salmon grew faster than wild salmon, with higher gene expression in glucose and lipid metabolism pathways. The promoters of differentially expressed genes were enriched for transcription factors involved in circadian clock regulation. Domesticated salmon had lower expression of cry2 and nr1d1, genes involved in negative regulation of circadian rhythm, with possible implications for the diurnal cycle of feed ingestion and basal metabolic rate. Only wild salmon showed a significant impact on growth of VO versus PL or FO feed, whereas domesticated but not wild salmon upregulated key LC-PUFA synthesis genes fads2d5 and fads2d6a in response to VO diet. Domesticated salmon had higher LC-PUFA but lower 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 in liver when fed VO, suggesting that domesticated salmon can better compensate for dietary shortage of LC-PUFA compared to wild salmon.
Quantifying the prevalence of assortative mating in a human population
Authors: Jaffe Klaus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor the first time, empirical evidence allowed to construct the frequency distribution of a genetic relatedness index between the parents of about half a million individuals living in the UK. The results suggest that over 30% of the population is the product of parents mating assortatively. The rest is probably the offspring of parents matching the genetic composition of their partners randomly. High degrees of genetic relatedness between parents, i.e. extreme inbreeding, was rare. This result shows that assortative mating is likely to be highly prevalent in human populations. Thus, assuming only random mating among humans, as widely done in ecology and population genetic studies, is not an appropriate approximation to reality. The existence of assortative mating has to be accounted for. The results suggest the conclusion that both, assortative and random mating, are evolutionary stable strategies. This improved insight allows to better understand complex evolutionary phenomena, such as the emergence and maintenance of sex, the speed of adaptation, runaway adaptation, maintenance of cooperation, and many others in human and animal populations.