bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ganglioneuromas across age groups: Systematic review of individual patient data
Authors: Fliedner Stephanie M. J. , Winkelmann Philipp E. R. , Wesley Robert , Vonthein Reinhard , Lehnert Hendrik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundGanglioneuromas are very rare tumours of the sympathetic nervous system. Clinical and pathological knowledge is currently based on largely incomparable registries and case series that focus on paediatric or adrenal cases. To comprehensively characterize the full clinical spectrum across ages and locations, a meta‐analysis was performed where amenable and complemented by systematic literature review of individual patient data (IPD).DesignArticles containing “ganglioneuroma” in English on humans, published from 1/1/1995‐6/27/2018, were identified from PubMed. Aggregate data from 10 eligible patient series on 19 variables were considerably inhomogeneous, restricting meta‐analysis to age and gender distribution. To determine basic disease characteristics across ages and locations, IPD were retrieved from case reports and small case series (PROSPERO CRD42018010247).ResultsIndividual patient data representing 364 cases revealed that 65.7% (60.6%‐70.4%) were diagnosed in adults, more frequently in females (62%, 56.9%‐66.9%). 24.5% (20.3%‐39.1%) were discovered incidentally. Most often, ganglioneuromas developed in abdomen/pelvis (66.2, 32.1% adrenal). With age, the proportion of ganglioneuroma localizations with high post‐surgical complication rate (35.6% head/neck and 16.3% thorax) decreased. Contrarily, the diagnosis of adrenal ganglioneuromas (<1% post‐surgical complications) increased with age. Hormone production, hypertension or coincidence with another non‐neuroblastic neural‐crest‐derived tumour component was more common for adrenal location. Recurrence and metastatic spread have not been reported for ganglioneuromas without secondary tumour component.ConclusionsThis work summarizes characteristics of the currently largest number of international GN patients across all ages. The data confirm a benign nature of GN, independent of age. Age‐related differences in predominant tumour location, associated post‐surgical complications and hormone production suggest case‐centred management strategies.
Epiregulin promotes hair growth via EGFR‐medicated epidermal and ErbB4‐mediated dermal stimulation
Authors: Choi Nahyun , Kim Won‐Serk , Oh Sang Ho , Sung Jong‐Hyuk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesEREG (epiregulin), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, plays a role in inflammation, wound healing, normal physiology and malignancies. However, little is known about its function on hair growth.Materials and MethodsCell growth assay, QPCR and immunostaining were carried out. Telogen‐to‐anagen transition and organ culture were conducted. ROS level was monitored by staining DCFDA.ResultsWe investigated the hair inductive effect of EREG and the mechanism of stimulation on DPCs and ORS cells during hair cycling. Whereas EREG promoted hair growth, EREG knockdown inhibited hair growth as evidenced by telogen‐to‐anagen transition and organ culture models. EREG was expressed in epidermal cells including ORS cells in vivo. EREG activated phospho‐ErbB4 in DPCs during hair cycling and stimulated DPCs via ErbB4 activation in vitro. In terms of the underlying mechanism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a key role in DPC stimulation. EREG also activated phospho‐EGF receptor (EGFR) in epidermal cells including matrix and ORS cells in vivo and stimulated ORS cells via EGFR activation in vitro.ConclusionsEREG, which is released from ORS cells, activated EGFR and ErbB4 on epidermal cells and DPCs during hair cycling, respectively. As a result, EREG stimulated epidermal cells a positive feedback and DPCs via regulating ROS generation for hair growth. Therefore, EREG therapy may be a novel solution for hair loss treatment.
Land use decisions after the Conservation Reserve Program: Re‐enrollment, reversion, and persistence in the southern Great Plains
Authors: Barnes Jessica C. , Sketch Mary , Gramza Ashley R. , Sorice Michael G. , Iovanna Rich , Dayer Ashley A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe temperate grasslands of North America remain one of the most modified and threatened ecosystems on the planet. In the United States, the conservation of grassland‐dependent wildlife continues to be challenged by the widespread conversion of privately owned grasslands to cropland. Recent analyses indicate that land exiting the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the country's largest private lands conservation program, is a primary source of grassland conversion. In this mixed‐methods study, we employed focus groups and mail surveys to understand the decisions made by landowners in the southern Great Plains as their CRP contracts near expiration and up to 7 years following expiration. We explored both the post‐contract intentions of landowners with fields currently enrolled in CRP and the self‐reported, post‐contract decisions of landowners whose CRP contracts expired between 2011 and 2017. Interest in re‐enrolling in CRP upon contract expiration was high among landowners with current fields; however, over half of landowners with former CRP fields reported being unable to re‐enroll when they tried. We found higher rates of grassland persistence than have been previously reported, but also detected temporal patterns that suggest that cropland reversion is increasingly likely as the time since contract expiration increases. This study highlights the need for increased attention to the barriers that preclude transition into other conservation programs following CRP and more detailed understanding of what drives landowner decision‐making about re‐enrollment and post‐CRP land use. These insights will be critical for increasing the effectiveness of programs for enduring grassland conservation on private lands.
Current state of kidney transplantation in patients with HIV, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B infection
Authors: Sawinski Deirdre , Wong Tiffany , Goral Simin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C (HCV), and hepatitis B (HBV) are common chronic viral infections in the end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) patient population that were once considered relative contraindications to kidney transplantation. In this review, we will summarize the current state of kidney transplantation in patients with HIV, HCV, and HBV, which is rapidly evolving. HIV+ patients enjoy excellent outcomes in the modern transplant era and may have new transplant opportunities with the use of HIV+ donors. Direct‐acting antivirals for HCV have substantially changed the landscape of care for patients with HCV infection. HBV+ patients now have excellent patient and allograft survival with HBV therapy. Currently, kidney transplantation is a safe and appropriate treatment for the majority of ESKD patients with HIV, HCV, and HBV.
Metformin Preconditioning and Postconditioning to Reduce Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in an Isolated Ex Vivo Rat and Porcine Kidney Normothermic Machine Perfusion Model
Authors: Huijink Tobias M. , Venema Leonie H. , Posma Rene A. , de Vries Nynke J. , Westerkamp Andrie C. , Ottens Petra J. , Touw Daan J. , Nijsten Maarten W. , Leuvenink Henri G.D. 
Published: July 2020

Metformin may act renoprotective prior to kidney transplantation by reducing ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). This study examined whether metformin preconditioning and postconditioning during ex vivo normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) of rat and porcine kidneys affect IRI. In the rat study, saline or 300 mg/kg metformin was administered orally twice on the day before nephrectomy. After 15 minutes of warm ischemia, kidneys were preserved with static cold storage for 24 hours. Thereafter, 90 minutes of NMP was performed with the addition of saline or metformin (30 or 300 mg/L). In the porcine study, after 30 minutes of warm ischemia, kidneys were preserved for 3 hours with oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion. Subsequently, increasing doses of metformin were added during 4 hours of NMP. Metformin preconditioning of rat kidneys led to decreased injury perfusate biomarkers and reduced proteinuria. Postconditioning of rat kidneys resulted, dose‐dependently, in less tubular cell necrosis and vacuolation. Heat shock protein 70 expression was increased in metformin‐treated porcine kidneys. In all studies, creatinine clearance was not affected. In conclusion, both metformin preconditioning and postconditioning can be done safely and improved rat and porcine kidney quality. Because the effects are minor, it is unknown which strategy might result in improved organ quality after transplantation.
Prevalence and sociodemographic factors of risky drinking in Australian older adults
Authors: Jiang Heng , Griffiths Susan , Callinan Sarah , Livingston Michael , Vally Hassan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study describes the prevalence of risky drinking in older adults (aged 60+ years) in Australia and explores the socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with this. The negative consequences of drinking behaviours in older adults were also explored.Design and MethodsCross‐sectional design, with data obtained from the Australian 2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, yielding a sample size of 7976 participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the correlates of risky drinking.ResultsApproximately 17% of older Australians reported risky drinking and their most popular drinking location was in the home (93%). Respondents who were male [odds ratio 3.78, 95% confidence interval (3.22, 4.43)], of younger age group (60–69 years) [2.96, (2.25, 3.89)], in a higher socioeconomic status [1.76, (1.41, 2.21)], had no dependents [1.51, (1.10, 2.07)], were unemployed [1.64, (1.10, 2.44)] and were either current or ex‐smokers [2.32, (1.90, 2.83) or 3.55, (2.95, 4.29)], were more likely to report risky drinking. Approximately 54% of risky drinkers experienced a negative outcome as a result of their drinking in the last year.Discussion and ConclusionsRisky drinking in older adults is a key public health issue, with a concerning rate of risky drinking and associated negative outcomes seen in the current study. Interventions aimed at older drinkers thus need to focus beyond socio‐economically disadvantaged groups, while self‐moderation on risky drinking, controlling accessibility to take‐away alcohol and increasing the awareness of harms of risky drinking may help to reduce risky drinking among older people.
The effects of ertugliflozin on β‐cell function: Pooled analysis from four phase 3 randomized controlled studies
Authors: Gallo Silvina , Raji Annaswamy , Calle Roberto A. , Pong Annpey , Meyer Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo identify potential predictors and mediators of changes in β‐cell function in response to ertugliflozin treatment in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Participants and methodsData from patients with T2DM randomized to ertugliflozin (5 or 15 mg; observations from both doses were pooled) or placebo in four phase 3 clinical studies (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01958671, NCT02226003, NCT02036515, NCT02099110) were pooled and analysed. Change from baseline in β‐cell function at week 26 was assessed, and its potential predictors and mediators were analysed using linear and multiple regression analyses.ResultsCompared with placebo, ertugliflozin improved β‐cell function when assessed by mean percent change from baseline in homeostatic model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐%β; ertugliflozin: 14.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 12.3, 17.1; placebo: −0.4%, 95% CI −3.4, 2.5], but not when assessed by change in C‐peptide index following a mixed meal tolerance test. Change in HOMA‐%β correlated with change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and treatment with ertugliflozin, and weakly with change from baseline in body weight. In the ertugliflozin group, change in HOMA‐%β correlated with baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG; r = 0.235, P < 0.001), baseline HbA1c (r = 0.138, P < 0.001), baseline homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR; r = 0.162, P < 0.01), and baseline HOMA‐%β (r = −0.321, P < 0.001) in linear regression analyses. Multiple regression analyses yielded similar results.DiscussionIn people with T2DM, ertugliflozin treatment improved fasting β‐cell function, but no effect on postprandial β‐cell function was observed in this analysis. Improvement in HOMA‐%β was predicted by high baseline FPG, HbA1c, HOMA‐IR, and low baseline HOMA‐%β, and mediated by ertugliflozin treatment, and improved HbA1c and body weight.
The Longer‐Term Impact of COVID‐19 on K–12 Student Learning and Assessment
Authors: Middleton Kyndra V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to the precipitous onset of the coronavirus disease, teachers and students across the nation were thrust into a new environment, and the impact of this new experience will be felt both shorter and longer term. This academic year saw “test pollution” with the switch to online instruction, and student learning was significantly impacted by stress, anxiety, illness, being forced to learn in a vastly different method than previously experienced, and the increased potential to fall behind due to lack of access to materials. Classroom assessment, teaching and learning, and measurement and interpretation of student growth are among the numerous areas that have been affected by the sudden switch of schools to online instruction that will require much thought in order to examine the impact of the significant deviation from the classroom norms on which much of previous research has been based. Educators, educational researchers, and policymakers have been presented with a challenge that does not have a definitive answer. There are many unknowns that remain as schools plan to move forward with instruction. However, through collaboration, the knowledge that each of these professionals can contribute ensures that adequate decisions will be made that will benefit all students equitably.
Important Considerations for Assessment to Function in the Service of Education
Authors: Pellegrino James W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProfessor Gordon argues for a significant reorientation in the focus and impact of assessment in education. For the types of assessment activities that he advocates to prosper and positively impact education, serious attention must be paid to two important topics: (1) the conceptual underpinnings of the assessment practices we develop and use to support learning and instruction, and (2) the arguments and evidence we establish for their validity given the intended interpretive use. Such a focus highlights fundamental concepts that have long existed in the broader assessment literature – carefully defining and operationalizing our constructs and then validating the assessments of those constructs. What differs now are the conceptual frameworks, briefly outlined here, that can and must be used to guide both aspects of such work.
Toward an environmental predictor of tuna recruitment
Authors: Woodworth‐Jefcoats Phoebe A. , Wren Johanna L. K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBigeye tuna are of global economic importance and are the primary target species of Hawaii's most valuable commercial fishery. Due to their high commercial value, bigeye tuna are relatively well studied and routinely assessed. Larval and adult bigeye surveys have been conducted for many years and are supported by ongoing research on their physiology and life history. Yet, modeling stock dynamics and estimating future catch rates remain challenging. Here, we show that an appropriately lagged measure of phytoplankton size is a robust predictor of catch rates in Hawaii's bigeye tuna fishery with a forecast window of four years. We present a fishery‐independent tool with the potential to improve stock assessments, aid dynamic fisheries management, and allow Hawaii's commercial longline fishing industry to better plan for the future.
Risk of deep venous thrombosis after total knee arthroplasty in patients with haemophilia A
Authors: Ono Kumiko , Takedani Hideyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionVenous thromboprophylaxis remains controversial in patients with haemophilia undergoing major orthopaedic surgery, due to clotting factor replacement therapy to correct the patient's inherent haemostatic defect during procedure, at least in theory. We have previously reported that deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was not detected on ultrasonography (US) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in 36 Japanese patients with haemophilia.AimTo evaluate the prevalence of DVT after TKA among haemophilic A patients using not only US, but also contrast‐enhanced CT prospectively.MethodsThis study enrolled 11 TKAs in 11 Japanese patients with haemophilia A not having any history of inhibitor. A pneumatic compression device was used from the beginning of the operation until the patient could perform standing exercises (day 2). US of the lower extremities was performed before and after surgery (day 2) to detect DVT. Contrast‐enhanced CT was performed after surgery (day 7) to detect VTE. D‐dimer was measured at pre‐ and postoperative time.ResultsMean (±standard deviation) age at the time of operation was 50.5 ± 12.3 years. DVT was not found on either pre‐ or postoperative examinations by US, but contrast‐enhanced CT was detected DVT in two cases. No patients showed clinical signs for VTE during hospitalization, and no additional treatment for VTE. No episodes of unexpected bleeding were encountered.ConclusionContrast‐enhanced CT detected DVT in 18% of haemophilia A patients who underwent TKA despite no detection of DVT on US. We must consider how to prevent and treat VTE in patients with haemophilia scheduled to undergo orthopaedic surgery.
Evaluations of Return Within A Mass Deportation: Ethiopians’ Experiences of Return After Expulsion From Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kuschminder Katie , Ogahara Zoë , Rajabzadeh Iman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article seeks to understand the role of the migration lifecycle in the subjective evaluation of return by Ethiopian deportees from Saudi Arabia, focusing on the conditions that lead to positive evaluation of the return. Logistic regression analysis was carried out on a unique data set of 2,039 Ethiopian deportees from Saudi Arabia collected in 2014. Despite having been deported, 45 per cent of respondents evaluate their return positively. It is found that subjective socio‐economic position is highly influential in returnees’ assessment of their reintegration, but those who are self‐employed on return are much less likely than those who are unemployed to describe their return positively. This may be linked to work conditions and because these respondents are engaged in necessity entrepreneurship. Additionally, all stages of the migration cycle, including before and during the migration episode, are influential in shaping perceptions of return.
Creative Recourse in Cases of Forced Labour: Using Human Trafficking, Human Rights and Labour Law to Protect Migrant Workers
Authors: Matte Guilmain Laurence , Hanley Jill 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCanada has no legislation prohibiting forced labour, relying instead on human trafficking penal dispositions; the two are intimately related. However, there has only been one conviction for human trafficking for the purposes of forced labour. Here, we offer an analysis of jurisprudence according to a model of labour trafficking focusing on the intersection of labour exploitation and coercion, particularly among migrant workers. We argue that Canadian human trafficking law remains incomplete and fails to address situations of forced labour. There is a need to think creatively about recourses. Labour and human rights law recourses are more accessible to migrant workers than human trafficking law, given the lighter burden of proof and the unlikelihood that courts will recognize the systemic coercion to which migrant workers are subject. Workers and advocates are understandably drawn to these alternative recourses, yet consequences for employers profiting from forced labour are disappointingly minor.
Young adult’s perception towards the formation of stigma on people experiencing mental health conditions: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Roslee Nur Leeyana Binte , Goh Yong Shian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerpetuated by negative perceptions of mental illnesses, mental health has remained a taboo subject in Asia. This in turn leads to perceived discrimination among people experiencing mental health conditions, due to which they become withdrawn and secretive, making it more challenging for them to seek help. Studies have explored possible reasons affecting societal perception of those with such conditions. The results, however, have been inconclusive on how young adults would perceive them. Through a qualitative descriptive approach and one‐to‐one interviews, this study explored societal perception towards people experiencing mental health conditions in Singapore by involving 22 adults aged 21 to 29 residing locally. The interviews were conducted with a semi‐structured question guide developed through a literature review. Data were analysed through Braun and Clark’s six‐step thematic analysis. The results reveal three distinctive themes that have influenced such societal perception: (i) how views are formed; (ii) the illness does not represent the person; and (iii) complex experiences of family and loved ones. The holistic analysis herein enriches the current understanding of societal perceptions on how stigma is formed towards people experiencing mental health conditions. This would equip mental health professionals with the necessary information in devising measures to reduce stigmatization. Furthermore, families, employers, and students who constitute the future generation should be more engaged in this process, since a more tolerant and less discriminatory society will mean fewer obstacles for those with such conditions when attempting to reintegrate into the society. The study followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies 32‐item checklist.