bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety in immediate reconstitution of poly‐l‐lactic acid for facial biostimulation treatment
Authors: Bravo Bruna Souza Felix , Carvalho Raquel de Melo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoly‐L‐lactic acid is presented as freeze‐dried preparation of 150 mg per vial and, according to consensus, the recommendation on your preparation is hydrate in sterile water for injection (SWFI) or bacteriostatic water at room temperature for ≥24 hours. (J Drugs Dermatol; 2014;13:s44) However, in these long periods of hydration, it is time‐consuming and costly for the physicians. To demonstrate the safeness of immediate reconstitution of facial biostimulation treatment with PLLA. A clinical prospective study with 26 Latin American female patients, aged between 27 and 80 years, complaining of facial laxity of treated with immediate PLLA reconstitution. One PLLA vial was injected per session in 12 mL total dilution. All patients had their pictures taken before and after the treatment in Photo Analysis Program Vectra 3D (Canfield®). A follow‐up 90 days was performed. The total of 58 facial applications of PLLA was reported in female patients with a mean age 52.62 (±13.46) years. Pain was reported in 17 injections (29.31%) and ecchymosis in 6 (10.34%). Also, 2 patients (3.44%) developed a nodule. None of the patients presented significant bruising, edema, or papules formation. Despite the literature declare that a longer hydration times (up to 48 hours) have been shown to reduce the risk of nodule formation (Aesthet Surg J; 2011;31:95), our study demonstrated the safeness of injection with immediate reconstitution and a very low adverse events rate. Immediate PLLA reconstitution is a great asset for physicians, injections in account of being less laborious, less time‐consuming, and reducing product loss for the injector.
The influence of tongue mobility on children's performance in computer games that depend on lingual movements
Authors: Amaral Mariana S. , Furlan Renata M. M. M. , de Las Casas Estevam B. , Motta Andréa R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlteration in tongue mobility requires rehabilitation work through oral motor exercises. These exercises can be integrated with computer games to increase the patient’s motivation during treatment.ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of tongue mobility on children’s motor performance in a computer game reliant on lingual movements.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive observational study was carried out with 16 children with altered tongue mobility and 16 children with normal tongue mobility. The subjects were between 8 and 12 years of age. They underwent a clinical evaluation of the tongue and performed an activity using an intra‐oral joystick controlled by the tongue to play a simple computer game. The game consisted of targets appearing on the screen that the participants had to reach by moving the joystick control rod. Afterward, the participants answered a feedback questionnaire. Motor performance in the game, measured by the number of reached targets and by the time to reach the targets, was compared between groups and across directions of tongue movement and order of appearance of the targets.ResultsThe group with altered tongue mobility presented a higher time to reach the target in the downward direction and in the first and last 12 targets and a lower number of targets reached in the left direction, upward direction, and in the first 12 targets than the control group. The direction of the movement influenced tongue performance in both groups.ConclusionChildren with altered tongue mobility exhibited a worse performance than those with normal tongue mobility.
Motor control strategies during unpredictable force control tasks in humans
Authors: Almotairy Nabeel , Kumar Abhishek , Grigoriadis Anastasios 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are fundamental similarities and differences between the jaw and hand motor systems. However, it is unclear how the two systems respond to unpredictable task demands.ObjectiveTo investigate and compare the force control of the jaw motor system (OMS) and the hand motor system (HMS) during unpredictable load changes.MethodsSeventeen healthy adults (24.0 ± 4.3 years) performed two standardised force control tasks (OMS and HMS). During the OMS, the participants asked to bite and pull a force transducer with the front teeth. While during HMS they pinched and pulled the same force transducer with their index and thumb fingers. Series of loads were added to a string attached to the transducer in an unpredictable (sequential and non‐sequential) manner. The entire force profile during the task was divided into “initial” and “latter” segments. The force control was analysed and compared between the OMS and HMS in terms of peak force during the initial segment and holding force and force variability during the latter segment.ResultsThe peak force, holding force and force variability were higher for the OMS than the HMS (P < .001). However, there were no differences in the peak force, holding force or force variability between the sequential and non‐sequential load changes (P > .05).ConclusionsThe results showed that unpredictable load changes did not affect the force control during the motor control task. This study suggests that both the motor systems are optimised in performing simple motor control tasks and are rather resilient to motor unpredictability.
What do divided cities have in common? An international comparison of income segregation
Authors: Veneri Paolo , Comandon Andre , Garcia‐López Miquel‐Àngel , Daams Michiel N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a comparative assessment of income segregation in cities of 12 countries. We use spatial entropy indexes based on small‐scale gridded income data and consistent definition of city boundaries to ensure international comparability of our segregation measures. Results show considerable variation in the levels of income segregation across cities, even within countries, reflecting the diversity within urban systems. Larger, more affluent, productive, and more unequal cities tend to be more segregated. Urban form, demographic, and economic factors explain additional variation in segregation levels through the influence of high‐income households, who tend to be the most segregated. The positive association between productivity and segregation is mitigated in polycentric cities.
Knowledge and attitudes of pediatric clinicians regarding pediatric pain management
Authors: Peng Niang‐Huei , Lao Amy Hsuan‐Chih , Chen Chao‐Huei , Lee Min‐Chun , Chiang Li‐Wen , Chang Yue‐Cune , Liu Hsiu‐Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe professional knowledge and personal attitudes of pediatric clinicians regarding pediatric pain are the most important factors impacting pediatric pain relief care. Few studies have investigated the knowledge and attitudes regarding pediatric pain management of clinicians in Taiwan.PurposeResearch purposes were to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of pediatric clinicians regarding pain management and to describe the barriers of applying pain management across pediatric and neonatal settings.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive comparative design was used. Pediatric clinicians from two medical centers and three general hospitals in Taiwan were recruited to complete a questionnaire.ResultsA total of 264 clinicians participated. On 33 questions measuring knowledge of pain management, the average correct response rate was 23.67. A significantly positive relationship was identified between clinicians' knowledge and prior training experience. Professional degree attainment significantly impacted clinicians' attitudes about pediatric pain management. Clinicians at pediatric wards showed more positive attitudes than did clinicians at either pediatric intensive care units or neonatal intensive care units. Five barriers to pediatric pain management were found.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that pediatric clinicians in Taiwan need further education regarding pediatric pain management. This study will also helpful in implementing multidisciplinary pediatric pain management programs to improve the quality of pediatric practice in pediatric care settings of hospitals.
Training of hepatology providers improves the screening and resultant interventions for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Saraireh Hamzeh , Redman Joseph , Abdelfattah Thaer , Mangray Sasha , Wade James B. , Gilles HoChong S. , Fuchs Michael , Morris April , Malpaya Zenaida , Puri Puneet , Davis Brian C. , Patel Samarth S. , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) screening is important but focused training with using AUDIT‐10 with counselling/mental health (MH) referral may be needed. We aimed to compare the effect of training on AUD screening/intervention in hepatology clinics in pre vs post‐training phases of a quality‐improvement initiative. Pre‐training encounters were evaluated for inquiry into AUD, AUDIT‐10 and MH referrals. Dedicated AUD‐related training was provided to hepatology providers and analyses repeated post‐training. Pre‐training (n = 378) and post‐training patients(n = 318) had similar demographics and disease characteristics. Post‐training there was higher inquiry about alcohol(92% vs 80%, P < .0001), counselling (82% vs 68%, P < .0001). This led to higher diagnosis of drinkers (49% vs 31%, P < .0001) of whom higher proportion had AUDIT‐10 administered(91% vs 34%, P < .0001) and referred to MH(29% vs 8%, P < .0001). On regression presumed alcohol‐related aetiology, younger age and post‐training period were associated with AUDIT‐10 administration. AUD‐focused training significantly improves rates of screening and MH referral for problem drinking in a hepatology clinic population.
Molecular adaptation and convergent evolution of frugivory in Old World and neotropical fruit bats
Authors: Wang Kai , Tian Shilin , Galindo‐González Jorge , Dávalos Liliana M. , Zhang Yuzhi , Zhao Huabin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough cases of independent adaptation to the same dietary niche have been documented in mammalian ecology, the molecular correlates of such shifts are seldom known. Here, we used genomewide analyses of molecular evolution to examine two lineages of bats that, from an insectivorous ancestor, have both independently evolved obligate frugivory: the Old World family Pteropodidae and the neotropical subfamily Stenodermatinae. New genome assemblies from two neotropical fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensisandSturnira hondurensis) provide a framework for comparisons with Old World fruit bats. Comparative genomics of 10 bat species encompassing dietary diversity across the phylogeny revealed convergent molecular signatures of frugivory in both multigene family evolution and single‐copy genes. Evidence for convergent molecular adaptations associated with frugivorous diets includes the composition of three subfamilies of olfactory receptor genes, losses of three bitter taste receptor genes, losses of two digestive enzyme genes and convergent amino acid substitutions in several metabolic genes. By identifying suites of adaptations associated with the convergent evolution of frugivory, our analyses both reveal the extent of molecular mechanisms under selection in dietary shifts and will facilitate future studies of molecular ecology in mammals.
N‐glycosylation in Archaea—New roles for an ancient posttranslational modification
Authors: Eichler Jerry 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenome analysis points to N‐glycosylation as being an almost universal posttranslational modification in Archaea. Although such predictions have been confirmed in only a limited number of species, such studies are making it increasingly clear that the N‐linked glycans which decorate archaeal glycoproteins present diversity in terms of both glycan composition and architecture far beyond what is seen in the other two domains of life. In addition to continuing to decipher pathways of N‐glycosylation, recent efforts have revealed how Archaea exploit this variability in novel roles. As well as encouraging glycoprotein synthesis, folding and assembly into properly functioning higher ordered complexes, N‐glycosylation also provides Archaea with a strategy to cope with changing environments. Archaea can, moreover, exploit the apparent species‐specific nature of N‐glycosylation for selectivity in mating, and hence, to maintain species boundaries, and in other events where cell‐selective interactions are required. At the same time, addressing components of N‐glycosylation pathways across archaeal phylogeny offers support for the concept of an archaeal origin for eukaryotes. In this MicroReview, these and other recent discoveries related to N‐glycosylation in Archaea are considered.
Pressure unit inconsistency in the Medical Measurement Systems ASCII‐file
Authors: Omari Taher 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo apply novel analysis methods for processing high‐resolution pressure‐impedance motility parameters, raw data acquired by commercial motility systems are exported and analyzed externally using purposed‐designed software.MethodsData acquired by the Medical Measurement Systems (MMS) motility equipment are exported from MMS in different file formats.Key ResultsMMS studies that are exported to ASCII‐file format will be in cmH2O units even though acquired and displayed by the MMS system in mmHg units (1 mmHg would be exported as 1.36 cmH2O).Conclusions & InferencesDue to this issue, investigators may unknowingly generate pressure data in incorrect units, data exported from MMS in ASCII‐file format need to be divided by a factor 1.36 to convert cmH2O to mmHg.
The Impact of the 2008 Crisis on UK Prices: What We Can Learn from the CPI Microdata1
Authors: Dixon Huw , Luintel Kul , Tian Kun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper takes the locally collected price quotes used to construct the CPI index in the UK for the period 1996–2013 and explores the impact of the Great Recession (2008‐9) on the pricing behaviour of firms. We develop a time series framework which captures the link between macroeconomic variables and the behaviour of prices in terms of the frequency of price change, the dispersion of price levels and the size, dispersion and kurtosis of price‐growth. We find strong evidence for inflation having an effect, but not output. The change in the behaviour of prices during the Great Recession is largely explained by the changes in inflation and VAT. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the inflation effect is sufficiently small that it need not influence monetary policy.
Multiculturalism and vulnerability in the 21st century: Reviewing recent debates and a way forward
Authors: Armstrong Frédérick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe death of multiculturalism has been pronounced many times. In spite of this, this political program has proven resilient and the fact of cultural diversity remains inescapable in most liberal democracies. Still, with the rise of the far right, the migrant crises in the United States and Europe and with social movements pushing the boundaries of multicultural theory, it is high time to review multiculturalism, a movement of the late 20th century, and see where it is headed in the 21st century. This article has two objectives. First, after reviewing three debates—anti‐essentialists versus multiculturalism, interculturalism versus multiculturalism and multiculturalism versus the welfare state—I argue that the normative core of multiculturalism is still viable. Second, I argue that multiculturalism remains unable to contribute to some of the most pressing issues of the 21st century and point to a novel approach to the justification of multicultural policies. This justification relies on the concept of vulnerability, a concept that plays an important but undertheorized role in current multicultural theories.
Spatial inequalities in skilled attendance at birth in Ghana: a multilevel analysis integrating health facility databases with household survey data
Authors: Dotse‐Gborgbortsi Winfred , Tatem Andrew J. , Alegana Victor , Utazi C. Edson , Ruktanonchai Corrine Warren , Wright Jim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed at using survey data to predict skilled attendance at birth (SBA) across Ghana from healthcare quality and health facility accessibility.MethodsThrough a cross‐sectional, observational study, we used a random intercept mixed effects multilevel logistic modelling approach to estimate the odds of having SBA and then applied model estimates to spatial layers to assess the probability of SBA at high‐spatial resolution across Ghana. We combined data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), routine birth registers, a service provision assessment of emergency obstetric care services, gridded population estimates and modelled travel time to health facilities.ResultsWithin an hour's travel, 97.1% of women sampled in the DHS could access any health facility, 96.6% could reach a facility providing birthing services, and 86.2% could reach a secondary hospital. After controlling for characteristics of individual women, living in an urban area and close proximity to a health facility with high‐quality services were significant positive determinants of SBA uptake. The estimated variance suggests significant effects of cluster and region on SBA as 7.1% of the residual variation in the propensity to use SBA is attributed to unobserved regional characteristics and 16.5% between clusters within regions.ConclusionGiven the expansion of primary care facilities in Ghana, this study suggests that higher quality healthcare services, as opposed to closer proximity of facilities to women, is needed to widen SBA uptake and improve maternal health.
How hospital-based health care providers perceive clinical librarian services: a qualitative review protocol
Authors: Lieggi Michelle , Olson Laura , Kleiman Ari , Jang Hannah 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the review is to evaluate how health care providers working in hospitals perceive clinical librarian services.

Introduction:
Clinical librarianship programs existed as early as 1971; however, there is a lack of evidence on their effectiveness in impacting health care outcomes. Studies report primarily on programs supporting medicine, although these programs also support other health care providers. In order to affect outcomes, particularly those focused on patient-centered, evidence-based care, clinical librarians need insight into how hospital health care providers perceive clinical librarian services.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies that include any health care provider who works within a hospital, including surgical, clinical, and inpatient units. Studies that focus on qualitative data about clinical librarian services, published from 1971 onward, will be eligible for inclusion.

Methods:
The primary databases to be searched are PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Library Literature & Information Science, LISTA (Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts), and Web of Science. Studies will be selected based on their assessment against the inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Eligible studies will be critically appraised for methodological quality. Data will be extracted using a standardized tool, and findings pooled and synthesized using a meta-aggregation approach.
The Studies on Multiaxial Creep Behavior of Inconel 718 Notched Bar at 700 °C
Authors: Bao Shiyi , Xiao Zhongyang , Li Xiangyang , Zhong Fengping , Mao Jianfeng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the multi-axial creep behavior of Inconel 718 alloy at 700 °C. The stress triaxiality was introduced into the sample by adding U-shaped notches of various sizes and shapes. Furthermore, the multi-axial creep test of notched round bar was completed, and the sample slice after the creep test was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microscopic examination. The influence of notch radius on its creep behavior and damage evolution was studied through experimental and numerical investigation. The finite element method (FEM) implemented by Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model is used to simulate the evolution of damage in multi-axial stress state. With the comparison between experimental and numerical data, the multi-axial creep behaviors are clearly revealed in terms of stress triaxiality, creep strain (stress), void volume fraction (VVF), and so on. It was found that the great agreement is achieved between FEM and test data, and multi-axial creep behavior is well predicted.
The Intersection of Advancing Technology and Human Performance
Authors: Corrado Jonathan K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Today's sensory and processing technologies are perceptive and precise. They can discern the environment, solve complicated problems, make assessments, and learn from experience. Although they do not think the way humans do, they can replicate many human intellectual aptitudes. Throughout the last several decades, companies have implemented advanced technology and increasingly removed the human from many aspects of nuclear operation. There are many advantages to this transition, but, like any system modification, failures inevitably manifest. In the instance of this article, human errors have resulted and have accounted for several accidents at nuclear facilities in the United States due to this transition. The accidents at these facilities due to human error often result in plant shutdowns, unnecessary expenses, and have the capacity to be problematic for people, the facilities, and environments. This article explores the context surrounding the complexity of changing technologies at the nuclear facilities and the potential exacerbation of problems caused by human error when technology advancements concerning operator interaction with control systems are implemented. To understand the complexity surrounding the human interaction with advancing technologies, the concepts of human performance and human factors are examined and then the impact of these concepts within the framework of advancing technology are applied to the operation of nuclear facilities. This review draws attention to the vulnerabilities due to human error at nuclear facilities within the context of continually advancing technology and sheds insight on the role human performance and human factors have on system design and the resulting outcome.