bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure lowering effect of the aqueous extract of <i>Satureja</i>
Authors: Hika Debabe , Mammo Wendimagegn , Hymete Ariaya , Tolessa Tesfaye , Yeshak Mariamawit Y. 
Published: June 2020

Satureja punctata Benth. Briq. (Lamiaceae) is a small shrub known by its vernacular name “Lomishet”. It is used in Ethiopian traditional medicine for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, liver disease, headache and febrile illness. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MABP) lowering effect and vasorelaxant activity of the aqueous extract of aerial parts of the plant were studied. Intravenous administration of the aqueous extract at different doses brought a fall in MABP in normotensive guinea pigs and also in renovascular hypertensive guinea pigs. The extract also caused a dose-dependent relaxation of precontracted aorta; with a maximum relaxation of 98.19% achieved at 40 mg/ml. Preparative reversed-phase HPLC analyses of the extract resulted in the isolation of two phenolic compounds, namely, rosmarinic acid and linarin. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using UV, IR, MS, and NMR (1D and 2D) techniques. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid showed significant (p < 0.01) reduction of MABP in normotensive guinea pigs at doses of 0.75, 1.50 and 3.00 mg/kg. The findings of this study suggest that the aerial parts of S. punctata have genuine antihypertensive activity.
Risks and determinants of risk management strategies among rural cassava-based farmers in Imo State
Authors: Ahaneku C.E. , Onyeagocha S.U.O. , Eze C.C. , Chidiebere-Mark N.M. , Ellah G.O. , Isaiah G.I. 
Published: June 2020

Cassava-based farmers are faced with a lot of risks and uncertainties and this results to low agricultural output and hinders the rural farmers from pursuing their farming activities as an enterprise. The study assessed the risks and determinants of risk management strategies among rural cassava-based farmers in Imo State. A multistage sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents. Data were collected with the use of structured questionnaire administered to 180 respondents. Multinomial logit regression model was used to determine the factors influencing the choice of risk management strategies among rural cassava-based farmers in the study area. Results of the study showed that the farmers were of middle-age, fairly educated and have average farm size of one hectare. Majority of the farmers identified loss of crop due to disease (76.11%) and loss due to erosion (73.89%) as sources of risk farmers were exposed to. Also greater number of the respondents adopted practicing of mixed cropping and planting of disease resistant species as risk management strategies. The result of the study also confirmed that age, gender, educational level and farm income were the major determinants of the farmers’ choice of risk management strategies. It was recommended that government should make extension services functional and provide policies that will help boost the socio-economic welfare of farmers as this will significantly propel an increase in the choice effective risk management strategies in the area.
Keywords: Risk management, risk management strategies, cassava based farmers.
Determination of thermal properties of some ceiling material commonly used in Ijebu- Ode, Nigeria
Authors: Adepitan J.O. , Ogunsanwo F.O. , Ayanda J.D. , Okusanya A.A. , Adelaja A.D. , Oni O.O. , Odumosu O.O. 
Published: June 2020

The study investigates the thermal properties of different insulating material used in building construction in Ijebu Ode, a tropical rainforest region, south western, Nigeria. Five insulating material; asbestos, Plaster of Paris (P.O.P), PolyVinyl Chloride (PVC), hardboard and paperboard, were subjected to thermal investigation using Lee’s disc electrical method. The result obtained showed that the thermal conductivities obtained are within the range of values specified for good insulating materials. Asbestos was found to be associated with the least thermal conductivity of the value 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟕 𝑾𝒎-𝟏𝑲-𝟏while PVC had the highest thermal conductivity values of 𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟗𝟗 𝑾𝒎-𝟏𝑲-𝟏. This may be associated with the temperature and the heat flux on the surface of the material. The results obtained for thermal conductivity, thermal resistivity and thermal diffusivity correlated favourably when compared with those of previous work from other locations. Asbestos being the material with the lowest thermal conductivity is therefore recommended for use as the suitable insulating ceiling material in the study area.
Keywords: thermal conductivity, diffusivity, resistivity, Lee’s disc
Application of human excreta on the farms as an effective option to the uptake and replication of ecological sanitation (Ecosan) in Burera District, Rwanda
Authors: Banamwana Celestin , Musoke David , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona , Ntakirutimana Theoneste , Dukuziyaturemye Pierre 
Published: June 2020

The ecological sanitation (Ecosan) technology continues to be challenged by diverse factors including exposure of human excreta to the users in different geographical settings. The purpose of the study is to understand the linkage between the uptake of Ecosan technology and theapplication of human excreta on the farms among farmers in Burera district. A quantitative study was conducted to assess the linkage between the application of human excreta on the farms and the uptake of Ecosan technology among farmers of Burera District, Northern Province of Rwanda. By using a multistage sampling strategy, a sample of 361 household farmers was selected in the sectors of Rugarama, Gahunga and Cyanika in the District of Burera where the Ecosan technology has been mostly implemented at the household level Findings show that Ecological sanitation technology is favorable among females and 70% of females prefer to use it as sanitation facilities due to its privacy and design compared to the pitlatrine technology. In addition, the application of human excreta on the farm was high and 60% of farmers apply excreta on the farmers especially when there is a time of emptying excreta from their sanitation technologies. However, only 3% of the users of Ecosan technology apply also human excreta as Ecosan products on their farms. This implies that there is a need to scale up the Ecosan technology in the community of Burera district to optimize the proper use of human excreta. The high uptake of Ecosan technology will evolve the implementation strategies such as community education, the supply of Ecosan materials in the community and the construction of Ecosan technology. This will boost sanitation coverage and increase crop production in Burera district by taking into account the community health as well as the environmental aspect
Alleviating some Environmental Impacts resulting from Artisanal and Small-scaleMining Sector: A Critical Review
Authors: Byizigiro R.V. , Biryabarema M. , Rwanyiziri G. 
Published: June 2020

This paper highlights the importance of transforming Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) sector into a more sustainable enterprise and shows the reclamation of despoiled mined sites as an opportunity to return land to beneficial uses which do not compromise future development of the sites. It presents some of environmental impacts produced by ASM and the contribution of a geomorphological approach to alleviate them. The methodology consisted of the review supported by field survey in small-scale mining areas to summarize the most relevant scientific findings and the importance of stabilizing the land that will support sustainably reclamation structures. The impacts include haphazard excavations with no land reclamation plan, pits, trenches inadequately protected, siltation of open water bodies, soil and rock wastes, negative change of soil properties, and accelerated erosion of the mine sites. To transform the sector into a more responsible industry, ASM has to be placed within two integrated perspectives: (i) building the capacity of ASM sector, and (ii) promoting restoration approach by building a critical knowledge mass through collaboration of relevant stakeholders, with emphasis on multidisciplinary approach.The study opens a relevant new research field and emphasises on the collaboration of mining stakeholders including local communities to develop an integrated approach to address challenges that ASM industry is facing in developing countries. This review highlights the impacts of small-scale mining sector on land use potentials and it is essentialcontribution towards the sustainability of ASM industry and reclamation of despoiled mined lands.
Key Words: small-scale mining sector, environmental impact, geomorphologic approach, sustainability
Vermicomposting of Food Waste Using Exotic Species of Earthworms “<i>Eudriluseugeniae</i>” at Mangalagangonthri
Authors: Pierre Dukuziyaturemye , Kodandoor Sharath Chandra , Naik Prashantha 
Published: June 2020

A study has been conducted to assess the role of vermicomposting and carrying out plant nutrients analysis of composts delivered from food waste at Mangalagangothri campus, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka-India. Wastes were collected and subjected to pit- and vermi-composting using an exotic species of earthworm (Eudriluseugeniae). The composts were harvested and analyzed for macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S) by employing the standard methods. The Bioassay was conducted using PisumsativumL. plant and the data wereanalyzed statistically using SPSS. 20.Results revealed that there was highly reduction in the volume of the wastes equivalent to 30% and 20% for vermi- and pit-composting respectively. The macro-nutrients analysis showed that vermicompost had more nutrientsthan pit-compost. Based on bioassay test, the vermicompost had the potential for improving plant growth and yield compared to pit-compost and garden soil (control). Thus, vermicompost was found to be cost-effective methods, helps in reducing food waste disposals and supplied soil with a lot of macro-nutrients compared to that of the pit-compost based on results of bioassay and nutritional parameters.
Keywords:Bioassay; Eudriluseugeniae; Food waste, Pisumsativum, Vermicompost.
Uso de Sentinel-2 y datos auxiliares para la generación, mediante clasificación de imágenes, del Mapa de Usos y Cubiertas del Suelo de Cataluña 2017
Authors: González-Guerrero O. , Pons X. 
Published: June 2020

<p>This paper details the process of generating the 2017 Land Use/Land Cover Map of Catalonia (MUCSC) using automatic classification of satellite imagery and auxiliary cartographic and remote sensing data. A total of 60 images (6 dates for each of the 10 tiles covering Catalonia) captured by the Sentininel-2A and Sentinel-2B satellites were used. These images as well as texture variables, terrain models derived from lidar processing, and vegetation and wetness indices were classified using the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (kNN) to obtain a map with 25 categories. The categories related to urbanized areas (urban areas, urbanizations and industrial zones/ commercial areas), road infrastructures and burned areas were edited using official cartographic datasets of the Catalan Government [Generalitat]. The results have an overall accuracy greater than 98 %, which was evaluated with a set of more than 8.6 million independent test pixels. This work represents an important milestone in terms of the computational effort it involves due to the territorial extension (32 000 km<sup>2</sup>), the spatial detail of between 2 and 20 m, the use of up to 58 variables, the relative completeness of the legend and the level of success achieved. The MUCSC 2017, which is part of a 30-year quinquennial series beginning in 1987, can be downloaded in different formats (also in MMZX: new ISO 19165-2) and at resolutions of 10 m and 30 m pixel side from the Ministry of Territory and Sustainability website of the Catalan Government.</p>
Consumption of CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I and emission of CHCl3, CHBr3, and CH2Br2 from the forefield of a retreating Arctic glacier
Authors: Macdonald Moya L. , Wadham Jemma L. , Young Dickon , Lunder Chris R. , Hermansen Ove , Lamarche-Gagnon Guillaume , O'Doherty Simon 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The Arctic is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the Earth, with
predicted temperature increases of 5–7 ∘C and the accompanying
extensive retreat of Arctic glacial systems by 2100. Retreating glaciers
will reveal new land surfaces for microbial colonisation, ultimately
succeeding to tundra over decades to centuries. An unexplored dimension to
these changes is the impact upon the emission and consumption of halogenated
organic compounds (halocarbons). Halocarbons are involved in several
important atmospheric processes, including ozone destruction, and despite
considerable research, uncertainties remain in the natural cycles of some of
these compounds. Using flux chambers, we measured halocarbon fluxes across
the glacier forefield (the area between the present-day position of a
glacier's ice-front and that at the last glacial maximum) of a high-Arctic
glacier in Svalbard, spanning recently exposed sediments (<10 years) to approximately 1950-year-old tundra. Forefield land surfaces were
found to consume methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide
(CH3Br), with both consumption and emission of methyl iodide
(CH3I) observed. Bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane
(CH2Br2) have rarely been measured from terrestrial sources but
were here found to be emitted across the forefield. Novel measurements
conducted on terrestrial cyanobacterial mats covering relatively young
surfaces showed similar measured fluxes to the oldest, vegetated tundra
sites for CH3Cl, CH3Br, and CH3I (which were consumed) and for
CHCl3 and CHBr3 (which were emitted). Consumption rates of
CH3Cl and CH3Br and emission rates of CHCl3 from tundra and
cyanobacterial mat sites were within the ranges reported from older and more
established Arctic tundra elsewhere. Rough calculations showed total
emissions and consumptions of these gases across the Arctic were small
relative to other sources and sinks due to the small surface area
represented by glacier forefields. We have demonstrated that glacier
forefields can consume and emit halocarbons despite their young age and low
soil development, particularly when cyanobacterial mats are present.
Global production networks and natural resource extraction: adding a political ecology perspective
Authors: Dorn Felix M. , Huber Christoph 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The article examines how to adapt the global production network (GPN) approach to situations of natural resource extraction. Based on an
integration of a political ecology perspective into GPN research, we
exemplarily apply the GPN framework to the primary sector. Based on
extensive qualitative fieldwork regarding Argentine lithium mining and
Brazilian soy agribusiness we illustrate that particularly a political
ecological environmental perspective allows for a more nuanced and critical
analysis of ambiguous local development outcomes. While from a purely
economic development perspective in both cases the economic activity
(integrated into GPNs) is celebrated as an imperative economic growth
driver, our framework helps identify the emergence of unilateral
dependencies, a decline of social autonomy and an unequal distribution of
environmental risks.
O “pós-positivismo” como um conceito erguido sobre compreensões reducionistas acerca do positivismo jurídico
Authors: Gouveia Lúcio Grassi de , Oliveira Plínio Pacheco Clementino de 
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo pretende responder à seguinte pergunta: o uso da expressão pós-positivismo envolve, ordinariamente, uma caracterização reducionista e equivocada do positivismo jurídico? Veremos que sim e que o positivismo não foi superado, mas transformado por desenvolvimentos que o tornaram um campo teórico que não é o mesmo da primeira metade do século XX. Justifica-se a presente pesquisa diante necessidade de efetuar um aprofundamento desse tema de grande complexidade e de promover esse intercâmbio de conhecimentos. A cientificidade da pesquisa está diretamente relacionada à determinação dos métodos de estudo. Tendo em vista seu caráter teórico, será utilizado material preponderantemente bibliográfico, com ampla pesquisa em monografias, teses e artigos científicos, de forma a coletarmos as informações mais relevantes acerca do tema suscitado.
Des vies de francophones dans le Nouvel-Ontario. Analyse descriptive et interprétation relationnelle
Authors: Laflamme Simon 
Published: June 2020

L’étude de
Simon Laflamme
, sa huitième dans nos Cahiers, porte sur des entretiens qui ont été réalisés, il y a une vingtaine d’années, auprès de francophones d’une communauté du nord-est de l’Ontario. Ces données, analysées dans une optique relationnelle par Pierre Bouchard, avaient montré que les activités auxquelles s’adonnent les individus ont peu à voir avec les principes d’intention et d’intérêt qui animent la plupart des théories en sciences humaines. L’analyse récente d’un échantillon de ces entretiens qui a été opérée par Claude Vautier, toujours dans une perspective relationnelle, a permis de trialectiser les notions de système, d’individu et d’événement. Il a semblé utile à Simon Laflamme de revenir vers ces données pour deux raisons : d’abord, pour les traiter en marge d’une hypothèse théorique afin de découvrir ce qu’elles révèlent sur la vie de francophones en situation minoritaire ; ensuite, pour interroger les conclusions théoriques précédentes à la lumière de ce travail empirique. Pour aborder nouvellement les données, l’auteur a eu recours à la textométrie, soit aux logiciels Alceste et Lexico. Ces analyses ont mis en évidence l’engagement communautaire, la vie familiale, le rapport au travail et le loisir. Sur le plan théorique, elles ont rappelé l’importance, pour les théories en sciences humaines, de combiner liberté et détermination, conscient et inconscient, raison et émotion, individu et société, dialectiques qui échappent aux théories dans lesquelles est à l’oeuvre un acteur rationnel, conscient, stratégique, guidé par l’intérêt.
Effects of Stellera chamaejasme removal on the nutrient stoichiometry of S. chamaejasme-dominated grasslands in the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau
Authors: Song Meiling , Wang Yuqin , Bao Gensheng , Wang Hongsheng , Yin Yali , Li Xiuzhang , Zhang Chunping 
Published: June 2020

Background
Stoichiometric relations drive powerful constraints in several fundamental ecosystem processes. However, limited studies have been conducted on the ecological stoichiometry of plants after the change of community composition induced by Stellera chamaejasme removal in alpine grassland in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.

Methods
We investigated the effects of S. chamaejasme removal on ecological stoichiometry by estimating the C:N:P stoichiometry in species, functional group and community levels of the ecosystem. The interactions between different species, functional groups and correlation with soil nutrient, responding to S. chamaejasme removal were also analyzed.

Results
For the plants that became dominant after S. chamaejasme removal (SR), N content decreased and their C:N increased. S. chamaejasme removal significantly affected the nutrient stoichiometry of different functional groups. Specifically, Gramineae in the SR sites had decreased N content and N:P, and increased C:N; however, forbs had increased N content, C:P and N:P and decreased P content and C:N. At the community level, N content was lower and C:N higher in SR communities compared to CK. The N content of the plant community was positively correlated with soil total N content. S. chamaejasme removal could change the nutrient balance from species level, to functional group level, and to community level. Thus, supplementary measures might be cooperated with S. chamaejasme removal for the recovery of S. chamaejasme-dominated degraded grassland. These results provide insight into the role of S. chamaejasme in ecological protection and conservation, and the conclusions from this study could be used to develop effective and sustainable measures for S. chamaejasme control in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.
Measurement of lower-limb asymmetry in professional rugby league: a technical note describing the use of inertial measurement units
Authors: Glassbrook Daniel J. , Fuller Joel T. , Alderson Jacqueline A. , Doyle Tim L.A. 
Published: June 2020

Background
Quantifying lower-limb load and asymmetry during team sport match-play may be important for injury prevention and understanding performance. However, current analysis methods of lower-limb symmetry during match-play employ wearable microtechnology that may not be best suited to the task. A popular microtechnology is global positioning systems (GPS), which are torso worn. The torso location, and the summary workload measures calculated by GPS are not suited to the calculation of lower-limb load. Instead, research grade accelerometers placed directly on the lower-limb may provide better load information than GPS. This study proposes a new technique to quantify external mechanical load, and lower-limb asymmetry during on-field team sport play using inertial measurement units.

Methods
Four professional rugby league players (Age: 23.4 ± 3.1 years; Height: 1.89 ± 0.05 m; Mass: 107.0 ± 12.9 kg) wore two accelerometers, one attached to each foot by the boot laces, during match simulations. Custom Matlab (R2017b, The Mathworks Inc, Natick, MA) code was used to calculate total time, area under the curve (AUC), and percentage of time (%Time) spent in seven acceleration categories (negative to very high, <0 g to >16 g), as well as minimum and maximum acceleration during match simulations. Lower-limb AUC and %Time asymmetry was calculated using the Symmetry Angle Equation, which does not require normalization to a reference leg.

Results
The range of accelerations experienced across all participants on the left and right sides were 15.68–17.53 g, and 16.18–17.69 g, respectively. Clinically significant asymmetry in AUC and %Time was observed for all but one participant, and only in negative (<0 g) and very high accelerations (>16 g). Clinically significant AUC differences in very high accelerations ranged from 19.10%–26.71%. Clinically significant %Time differences in negative accelerations ranged from 12.65%–25.14%, and in very high accelerations from 18.59%–25.30%. All participants experienced the most AUC at very low accelerations (2–4 g), and the least AUC at very high accelerations (165.00–194.00 AU vs. 0.32–3.59 AU). The %Time results indicated that all participants spent the majority of match-play (73.82–92.06%) in extremely low (0–2 g) to low (4–6 g) acceleration intensities, and the least %Time in very high accelerations (0.01%–0.05%).

Discussion
A wearable located on the footwear to measure lower-limb load and asymmetry is feasible to use during rugby league match-play. The location of the sensor on the boot is suited to minimize injury risk occurring from impact to the sensor. This technique is able to quantify external mechanical load and detect inter limb asymmetries during match-play at the source of impact and loading, and is therefore likely to be better than current torso based methods. The results of this study may assist in preparing athletes for match-play, and in preventing injury.