bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissimilar underwater wet welding of HSLA steels
Authors: Tomków Jacek , Fydrych Dariusz , Rogalski Grzegorz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe high-strength low-alloy S460ML and S460N steels were chosen for underwater wet welding of dissimilar T-joints using covered electrodes. For improving the quality of joints, the temper bead welding (TBW) method was used. The application of TBW in pad welding conditions has been investigated earlier but the possibility of usage of this technique in welded joints was not analyzed. The main aim of the study was to check the influence of TBW on the hardness and structures of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of dissimilar T-joints made in the underwater conditions. The experiments conducted showed that the technique used can reduce the susceptibility to cold cracking by decreasing the hardness in HAZ, which is a result of changes in its structure. The TBW technique reduced the hardness in the HAZ of the S460N steel by 40–50 HV10 and in S460ML by 80–100 HV10. It was also found that the changes in S460ML and S460N were much different, and therefore, the investigated technique can provide better results in the steel characterized by lower carbon equivalent CeIIW.
Flexibler Entscheidungsalgorithmus zum innerklinischen stationären Patient*innen-Management unter wechselnden Anforderungen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Waydhas C. , Hosbach I. , Bockelmann-Jung S. , Hamsen U. , Kaufmann P. , Knop-Hammad V. , Köditz R. , Kronsbein J. , Zahn P. , Auhuber T. ,   Pandemiegruppe des BG-Universitätsklinikums Bergmannsheil Bochum, Auhuber Thomas , Bockelmann-Jung Sarah , Buchwald Dirk , Eichhorn Carsten , Godau Peter , Gottschlich Michael , Hamsen Uwe , Heyer Martin , Hosbach Ingolf , Kaufmann Peter , Knop-Hammad Veronika , Köditz Roland , Kronsbein Juliane , Lobreier Mareike , Renelt Alina , Sichelschmidt Michael , Vonderstein Anke , Waydhas Christian , Wengeler Jens-Oliver , Zahn Peter 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie nunmehr zunehmend verhalten verlaufende SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie stellt hohe Anforderungen an alle involvierten Kliniken hinsichtlich der Rückkehr zur Elektivversorgung wie auch in Hinsicht auf die Planungen für ein Worst-case-Szenario einer zweiten Welle, z. B. nach wieder vermehrter Reisetätigkeit im Sommer oder im Rahmen wieder zunehmender Erkältungskrankheiten im Herbst. Sowohl für die Erstsichtung und die Notaufnahme als auch innerklinisch ist nach Aufnahme des Patienten flexibel zu reagieren. Deshalb war es unser Ziel, eine Handlungsanweisung in Form eines Algorithmus zu entwickeln und zu implementieren, die den ärztlichen und Pflegemitarbeitern einen verlässlichen Entscheidungsrahmen an die Hand gibt und gleichzeitig Ressourcen schont, Patientenfehlallokationen minimiert und Patient*innen und Personal gleichermaßen Sicherheit und Rückhalt gibt. In dem Algorithmus sind wichtige Entscheidungsknoten wie klinische Symptomatik, Erstkontakt, Übergang in die stationäre Behandlung, Vorgehen nach Abstrich- und Computertomographie (CT)-Ergebnis sowie Allokations- und Isolationsmaßnahmen zusammengefasst. Der Algorithmus soll nicht das initiale rein medizinische Management in der Notaufnahme abbilden, sondern entspricht einem allgemeinen, organisatorischen Prozedere für die stationäre Aufnahme und den Gesamtklinikaufenthalt.
Frameless stereotaxy in subthalamic deep brain stimulation: 3-year clinical outcome
Authors: Piano Carla , Bove Francesco , Mulas Delia , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Cioni Beatrice , Tufo Tommaso 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
In most centers, the surgery of deep brain stimulation (DBS) is performed using a stereotactic frame. Compared with frame-based technique, frameless stereotaxy reduces the duration of surgical procedure and patient’s discomfort, with lead placing accuracy equivalent after the learning curve. Although several studies have investigated the targeting accuracy of this technique, only a few studies reported clinical outcomes, with data of short-term follow-up.

Objective
To assess clinical efficacy and safety of frameless bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients at 1- and 3-year follow-up.

Methods
Consecutive PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS with a manual adjustable frameless system were included in the study. The data were collected retrospectively.

Results
Eighteen PD patients underwent bilateral STN-DBS implant and were included in the study. All patients completed 1-year observation and ten of them completed 3-year observation. At 1-year follow-up, motor efficacy of STN stimulation in off-med condition was of 30.1% (P = 0.003) and at 3-year follow-up was of 36.3%, compared with off-stim condition at 3-year follow-up (P = 0.005). Dopaminergic drugs were significantly reduced by 31.2% 1 year after the intervention (P = 0.003) and 31.7% 3 years after the intervention (P = 0.04). No serious adverse events occurred during surgery.

Conclusions
Frameless stereotaxy is an effective and safe technique for DBS surgery at 1- and 3-year follow-up, with great advantages for patients’ discomfort during surgery.
Microscopic analysis of the microbiota of three commercial Phytoseiidae species (Acari: Mesostigmata)
Authors: Sumner-Kalkun Jason C. , Baxter Ian , Perotti M. Alejandra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrobes associated with the external and internal anatomy of three commercially available predatory mite species—Phytoseiulus persimilis, Typhlodromips (= Amblyseius) swirskii, and Neoseiulus (= Amblyseius) cucumeris—were examined using light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Four microbe morphotypes were observed on external body regions. These included three microfungi-like organisms (named T1, T2 and T3) and rod-shaped bacteria (T4). Morphotypes showed unique distributions on the external body regions and certain microbes were found only on one host species. Microfungi-like T1 were present in all three species whereas T2 and T3 were present in only P. persimilis and T. swirskii, respectively. T1 and T2 microbes were most abundant on the ventral structures of the idiosoma and legs, most frequently associated with coxae, coxal folds, ventrianal shields and epigynal shields. T3 microbes were most abundant on legs and dorsal idiosoma. T4 microbes were less abundant and were attached to epigynal shields of N. cucumeris and T. swirskii. Significant differences in distribution between batches suggest temporal fluctuations in the microbiota of phytoseiids in mass-reared systems. FISH showed bacteria within the alimentary tract, in Malpighian tubules and anal atria. These may aid absorption of excretory products or maintaining gut physiology. We suggest a mechanism by which microbes may be transmitted to offspring and throughout populations. This study aims to improve our knowledge of this poorly understood area and highlights the necessity of understanding the microbiota of Acari.
Chemistry is pluralistic
Authors: Ruthenberg Klaus , Mets Ave 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently, philosophers have come forth with approaches to chemistry based on its actual practice, imparting to it a proper aim and character of its own. These approaches add to the currently growing movement of pluralist philosophies of science. We draw on recent pluralist accounts from (the philosophy of) chemistry and analyse three notions from modern chemical practice and theory (acidity, electronegativity and the concept of element) in terms of these accounts, in order to complement the so far more general pluralist approaches with specific evidence. Our survey reveals that the concept of element indicates conceptual pluralisms in chemistry. that electronegativity illustrates methodological pluralism in determining one and the same concept, and that acidity is an instance of plurality hidden behind ‘one notion’.
Small Mass Nanopteron Traveling Waves in Mass-in-Mass Lattices with Cubic FPUT Potential
Authors: Faver Timothy E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe mass-in-mass (MiM) lattice consists of an infinite chain of identical beads that are both nonlinearly coupled to their nearest neighbors and linearly coupled to a distinct resonator particle; it serves as a prototypical model of wave propagation in granular crystals and metamaterials. We study traveling waves in an MiM lattice whose bead interaction is governed by the cubic Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou potential and whose resonator mass is small compared to the bead mass. Excluding a countable number of “antiresonance” resonator masses accumulating at 0, we prove the existence of nanopteron traveling waves in this small mass limit. The profiles of these waves consist of the superposition of an exponentially localized core and a small amplitude periodic oscillation that itself is a traveling wave profile for the lattice. Our arguments use functional analytic techniques originally developed by Beale for a capillary–gravity water wave problem and recently employed in a number of related nanopteron constructions in diatomic Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou lattices.
Physical Violence and Property Damage towards Parents, Committed by Adult Children with Drug Problems
Authors: Johnson Björn , Richert Torkel , Svensson Bengt 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrug use has previously been identified as a risk factor for child-to-parent abuse. We examine how common it is for parents to be exposed to physical violence and property damage by adult children with drug problems, and whether such victimization varies based on factors related to the parents and the adult children, respectively. A self-report questionnaire on victimization was completed by 687 parents of adult children with drug problems. The data were collected via a postal questionnaire to members of the Parents Against Drugs association and a web-based questionnaire to persons recruited via social media, treatment centers and other associations for families of drug users. The proportion of parents who reported having been exposed to physical violence was 19% ever, 6% during the past year. The proportion who had been exposed to property damage was 40% ever, 10% during the past year. Exposure during the past year was higher among parents whose children were currently experiencing drug problems. Mental health problems in the children were associated with higher levels of parental victimization, particularly in the form of physical violence. Parental victimization was also associated with the children being younger and still living at home. Exposure to property damage was higher among parents of male children. Adult children’s drug problems are of significance for parental victimization; they do not however appear to constitute a major risk factor but rather one risk factor among several others. Exposure to physical violence is clearly related to the presence of mental health problems in the children.
Estimation of parameters of various damping models in planar motion of a pendulum
Authors: Salamon Robert , Kamiński Henryk , Fritzkowski Paweł 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, planar free vibrations of a single physical pendulum are investigated both experimentally and numerically. The laboratory experiments are performed with pendula of different lengths, for a wide range of initial configurations, beyond the small angle regime. In order to approximate the air resistance, three models of damping are considered—involving the three components of the resistive force: linear (proportional to velocity), quadratic (velocity-squared) and acceleration-dependent (proportional to acceleration). A series of numerical experiments is discussed, in which the damping coefficients are estimated by means of several computational methods. Based on the observed efficiency, a gradient method for optimization is treated as the main tool for determination of a single set of damping parameters, independent of the system’s initial position. In the model of resistive force, the term proportional to acceleration, associated with the empirical Morison equation, seems to be indispensable for the successful approximation of the real pendulum motion.
Space robot motion planning in the presence of nonconserved linear and angular momenta
Authors: Basmadji Fatina Liliana , Seweryn Karol , Sasiadek Jurek Z. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOn-orbit servicing, active debris removal or assembling large structures on orbit are only some of the tasks that could be accomplished by space robots. In all these cases, a contact between a space robot and the satellite being serviced, deorbited, or assembled will occur. This contact results in a contact force exerted on the space robot, and therefore momenta of the space robot system are no longer conserved. Most of the papers that are concerned with motion planning problems of a space robot manipulator either consider that no external forces or moments are acting on the space robot system or use additional controllers when the space robot is subjected to external forces and moments. Such a controller minimizes end-effector position and orientation errors caused by the changes in system momenta due to external forces and moments acting on this system. The novelty of this work is that it proposes a new method for planning the motion of dual-arm space robot manipulators when linear and angular momenta of the space robot system are not conserved due to external forces and moments acting on the space robot base or/and manipulators’ end-effectors. In the proposed method the changes in system momenta are considered, but no additional controllers are needed. In this paper, we derive the motion planning equations for dual-arm space robot manipulators, where external forces and moments are acting on both satellite and manipulator end-effectors. The proposed method has been verified by numerical simulations, and the results are presented and discussed.
Bidentate and Monodentate Binding of Chromium (VI) on the Acid Scavenger Exchange Resin, MP-Carbonate, as a Function of pH
Authors: Stinchfield Georgia , Capitani Joseph F. , Regan John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHexavalent chromium or Cr (VI) is a serious health risk that has been identified in drinking water and generally originates as industrial by-products and hazardous waste sites, although natural sources have been reported. Common methods to remove Cr (VI) employ adsorption, filtration, ion exchange technologies, and redox reactions. We report on a macro porous polystyrene anion exchange resin, a solid-supported equivalent of tetra-alkyl ammonium carbonate (Biotage® MP-Carbonate), to effectively remove Cr (VI) from synthetic wastewater with bidentate or monodentate binding modes of chromate, depending on the pH environment. Sorption capacity is pH dependent with 332, 161, and 163 mg CrO42− per gram of MP-Carbonate adsorbed at pH 2, 6.8, and 10, respectively. Experimental data indicate an exergonic and endothermic adsorption process. Static vs. dynamic reaction conditions are discussed. Density functional theory calculations parallel the Gibbs free energy results of the bidentate binding of the large chromate ion compared to carbonate with the ammonium ions. These studies identify the potential uses of MP-Carbonate in the remediation of Cr (VI) wastewater unrelated to the pH of the water source.
Genetic diversity and population structure of endangered plant species Anagallis foemina Mill. [Lysimachia foemina (Mill.) U. Manns & Anderb.]
Authors: Kwiecińska-Poppe Ewa , Haliniarz Małgorzata , Sowa Sylwia , Paczos-Grzęda Edyta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnagallis foemina L. [syn. Lysimachia foemina (Mill.) U. Manns & Anderb.] is an annual, segetal weed from the family Primulaceae, recognized as a very rare and endangered species in many European countries. The rare occurrence of this species is associated with the specificity of the habitats in which it occurs. Knowledge of genetic diversity within and between rare species populations is a crucial step for investigating the causes of extinction as well as developing effective conservation strategies. The current study undertakes the assessment of the genetic variation and population structure of Anagallis foemina L. specimens collected in south-eastern Poland, Volhynian Polesie and West Volhynian Upland based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) polymorphism. Twenty ISSR primers amplified 374 DNA fragments, of which 79% were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.230 to 0.430 with an average of 0.344. An average genetic similarity calculated based on Dice algorithm between all analysed samples was 0.635 (0.28–1.00). The AMOVA study found a significant difference (Φpt = 0.88, P = 0.001) between Anagallis L. genotypes gathered in Volhynian Polesie (VP) and West Volhynian Upland (VU). Analysis indicated, that 89% of the variation existed among groups and 11% within groups. UPGMA analyses grouped A. foemina samples into 2 clearly separated clusters. The plants of the same geographic origin were grouped together. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) as well as STRUCTURE also grouped samples in consistence with the collection site, indicating close genetic affinity of plants from the same location. The observed results are typical for fragmented and isolated populations of rare species. Isolation of a small population leads to a decrease in internal genetic variation and to an increase of variation among them. In that case, the conservation of populations from each regional cluster is important to preserve biodiversity.
Does Opportunity Skip Generations? Reassessing Evidence From Sibling and Cousin Correlations
Authors: Lundberg Ian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSibling (cousin) correlations are empirically straightforward: they capture the degree to which siblings’ (cousins’) socioeconomic outcomes are similar. At face value, these quantities seem to summarize something about how families constrain opportunity. Their meaning, however, is complicated. One empirical set of sibling and cousin correlations can be generated from a multitude of distinct theoretical processes. I illustrate this problem in the context of multigenerational mobility: the relationship between the incomes of an ancestor and a descendant separated by several generations in a family. When cousins’ outcomes are similar (an empirical fact), prior authors have favored the particular theoretical interpretation that extended kin affect life chances through pathways not involving the parents of the focal individual. I show that this evidence is consistent with alternative theories of latent transmission (measurement error) or dynamic transmission (a parent-to-child transmission process that changes over generations). Theoretical assumptions are required to lend meaning to a point estimate. Further, I show that point estimates alone may be misleading because they can be highly uncertain. To facilitate uncertainty estimation for the key test statistic, I develop a Bayesian procedure to estimate sibling and cousin correlations. I conclude by outlining how future research might use sibling and cousin correlations as effective descriptive quantities while remaining cognizant that these quantities could arise from a variety of distinct theoretical processes.
CFD modeling and environmental assessment of a VOC removal silo
Authors: Egedy A. , Gyurik L. , Ulbert Z. , Rado A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOC) are widely used in different industries as solvents or reagents. The removal of excess organic substances is vital from both environmental and economic point of view. The purge columns or silos where the solid particles are discharged continuously and the gas is fed counter currently are examples of operation units where the excess organic substances should be removed. In this study, a previously developed model of a VOC removal silo was used in the investigation of its extended operation. Both economic and environmental concerns were addressed. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for a two-factor environmental-economic optimization of the system utilizing temperature and purge gas flow rate as factors, and removal time and energy demand as outcomes. The environmental performance was tested using a simplified life cycle analysis (LCA). Two scenarios were examined and compared, one of them with full and the other one with zero VOC emission case. The main achievement of our study is a new optimization map which includes both environmental and economic aspects. In conclusion, 80 °C temperature and 3 m3/h flow rates resulted as the optimal parameters.
Artificially intelligent models for the site-specific performance of wind turbines
Authors: Veena R. , Mathew S. , Petra M. I. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPower developed by the wind turbines, at different wind velocities, is a key information required for the successful design and efficient management of wind energy projects. Conventionally, for these applications, manufacturer’s power curves are used in estimating the velocity–power characteristics of the turbines. However, performance of the turbines under actual field environments may significantly differ from the manufacturer’s power curves, which are derived under ‘standard’ conditions. In case of existing wind projects with sufficient performance data, the velocity–power variations can better be defined using artificially intelligent models. In this paper, we compare the performance of four such models by applying them to a 2-MW onshore wind turbine. Models based on ANN, KNN, SVM and MARS were developed and tested using the SCADA data collected from the turbine. All the AI models performed significantly better than the manufacturer’s power curve. Among the AI methods, SVM-based predictions showed the highest accuracy. A site-specific performance curve for the turbine, based on the SVM model, is presented. Wider adaptability of this approach has been demonstrated by successfully implementing the model for a 3.6-MW wind turbine, working under offshore environment. Being “site-specific data” driven, the proposed models are more accurate and hence better choice for applications like short-term wind power forecasting and pro-diagnostics of wind turbines.
Exploring German Liquid Democracy – Online-Partizipation auf der lokalen Ebene
Authors: Schwanholz Julia , Zinser Lavinia 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungBefunde über den Zustand repräsentativer Demokratie zeigen teilweise eine Unzufriedenheit mit politischen Institutionen, Akteuren und Prozessen der Entscheidungsfindung. Der Staat reagiert hierauf vermehrt mit Instrumenten direkter Demokratie. Dabei ist das Repertoire durch Angebote zur Online-Partizipation ergänzt und ausgeweitet worden. Im Beitrag wird analysiert, wie Online-Partizipationsangebote auf der lokalen Ebene konkret ausgestaltet sind. Die zentrale Frage lautet, ob die Angebote zu mehr Online-Partizipation anregen oder nicht. Es werden dafür sechs kommunale Plattformen untersucht und verglichen. Deutlich wird dabei zweierlei: die Angebote lassen sich erstens entlang der eingesetzten Software voneinander unterscheiden und strukturieren. Für die Angebotsseite sind zweitens einige konkrete Aspekte aufzuzeigen, wie Partizipation gesteigert (oder auch gehemmt) werden kann.