bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El humor como hecho pragmático en español
Authors: Ruiz Gurillo Leonor 
Published: February 2020

En este artículo se analiza la habilidad metapragmática del humor en español. Considerando que se trata de un hecho pragmático (Ruiz Gurillo, 2006) como la metáfora o la ironía, se profundiza en las habilidades metapragmáticas que favorecen tanto su creación como su comprensión (Ruiz Gurillo, 2016). De este modo, el punto de vista del hablante/escritor ha de complementarse necesariamente con el del oyente/lector. Con el fin de ilustrar tales aspectos teóricos, se expondrán algunas de las habilidades metapragmáticas que pone en marcha tanto el cómico a la hora de producir monólogos humorísticos como el hablante de la conversación espontánea. El análisis de un género propiamente humorístico, el monólogo, de carácter planificado, público e interaccional se completa con el de un género no humorístico, la conversación espontánea, que es de carácter no planificado, privado y principalmente interactivo. Ello permite ilustrar algunos de los contextos en los que se usa y se infiere humor en español.
The main aim of this paper is to analyze the metapragmatic ability of humor in Spanish. Taking into account that it is a pragmatic phenomenon (Ruiz Gurillo, 2006), such as metaphor or irony, this research delves into the metapragmatic abilities that promote not only its creation but also its comprehension (Ruiz Gurillo, 2016). Therefore, the speaker/writer’s perspective may be complemented with the listener/reader’s point of view. In order to illustrate these theoretical aspects, we will analyze some of the metapragmatic abilities that both comedians in monologues and speakers in conversation carry out while using humor. Firstly, a humorous genre, i.e. the monologue, will be described as a planned, public and interactional discourse. Secondly, a non-humorous genre, i.e. the spontaneous conversation, will be presented as an unplanned, private and interactive discourse. In sum, this research illustrates some contexts in which humor is used and inferenced in Spanish.
Construcciones con minimizadores y verbos de estima o valoración y el ciclo de Jespersen
Authors: Cifuentes Honrubia José Luis 
Published: February 2020

En este trabajo analizamos la combinatoria de minimizadores con los verbos de estima y valoración preciar, valer, darse e importar a lo largo de la historia del español a partir de los datos proporcionados por los corpus de la RAE. Estudiaremos la relación de tales construcciones con el denominado ciclo de Jespersen. Analizaremos también los minimizadores como ejemplo de subjetivación al producirse una pragmatización creciente del significado debido a la implicatura escalar que suponen los minimizadores. Daremos cuenta también de las principales características funcionales de los minimizadores en las construcciones consideradas.
This paper focuses on the diachronic evolution of constructions with minimizers and verbs of estimate and valuation, such as preciar, valer, darse and importer, from the data provided by the corpus of the RAE. These constructions are analyzed in relation to the so-called Jespersen cycle. More specifically, the minimizers are considered an example of subjectification, since there is an increasing pragmatization of the meaning due to the scalar implication that the minimizers suppose. The main functional characteristics of the minimizers in the constructions considered will also be taken into account.
GDF -15 and Severity Scores in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Okocha Chide , Manafa Patrick , Anowi Joy , Manafa Vera , Efobi Chilota 
Published: February 2020

Aim: Granulocyte differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a growth factor and biomarker for many disorders where Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury (IRI) is pathophysiologically relevant. Hence the need to evaluate GDF-15 as a biomarker in Sickle Cell Disease (SCD).
Study Design: This is a cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology, Nnamdi University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra state, Nigeria, between January and December 2018.
Methods: Ninety subjects were randomly recruited with haemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes SS (test), AS and AA (controls); numbering 30, 28 and 32 respectively. Disease severity was determined by calculating an objective score. 5 mls of blood was collected and used to determine Full Blood Count (FBC), haemoglobin Phenotype and GDF-15 levels (by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay). Data collected was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 (SPSS Inc., IL, Chicago, USA). P< 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: GDF-15 level was found to be significantly different in the different HB phenotypes p= 0.005 and correlated negatively with sickle cell disease severity (r= -0.307, p= 0.098). The difference between median GDF-15 levels of HBSS subjects with mild and moderate disease was statistically significant at p= 0.01.
Conclusion: We hypothesize that GDF-15 may be a potential therapeutic target for intervention against ischaemia/reperfusion induced micro- vascular injury. Natural GDF-15 mimetics may be useful in taking advantage of this potential therapeutic target.
Species Composition and Status of Stored Sorghum Pests in Traditional Farmer’s Storages of Kena District of Koso Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gognsha Ararso , Hiruy Berhanu 
Published: February 2020

Aim: To determine the species composition and status pests of stored sorghum under traditional storages of farmers in Kenna district of Konso Zone of Southern Ethiopia.
Study Design: From peasant association, about three sub-localities were randomly selected and from each sub-locality, three villages were selected at random with using a nested design.
Place and Duration of Study: Survey was conducted between 1, August to 27, December 2019 in four major sorghum growing peasant association of Kenna district of Southern Ethiopia.
Methodology: The study on determination of the species composition and status pests of stored sorghum was made from of half kilogram of wheat grain sample taken from 720 stores of randomly selected representative farmer’s storages of four peasant associations using key of books related to stored product insects.
Results: Fifteen arthropods species consisting of twelve primary and secondary pests and three natural enemies belonging to four insect orders with in nine families were recorded. Of which, nine species such as S. zeamais, S. oryzae, S. cerealella, T. castaneum, T. confusum, C. ferrugineus, C. pusillus, R. dominica and P. interpunctella, respectively were found to be the most abundant as they appeared between 3.47 and 19.44 individuals per 100 g of sampled grains. They were also found to be the most frequently occurring as they occurred in the range between 63.89 and 94.44% per 100 g of sample grain collected from survey site and had major pest status.
Conclusion: The traditional methods and practices used by farmers were inefficient for providing adequate protection of their stored sorghum grain pests. Therefore, there is urgent need for designing effective management strategies against insect pest’s sorghum as well as improving the existing farmer’s traditional storage strictures in the survey site in order to reduce the loss of stored sorghum by insect pests and the associated food insecurity.
Assessment of Biofilm Formation among the Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Biswas Bedobroto , Shalini Ashok Naik , Nagarajan Deepesh , Iqubal Md Zaffar 
Published: February 2020

Aims: Identification and grading of the Escherichia coli according to their biofilm production capability.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: This was conducted in Department Microbiology at M.S. Ramaiah Medical college and Hospital, Bengaluru from March 2017 to August 2017.
Methodology: A total of 55 non repetitive Escherichia coli isolates were identified from various clinical samples like urine, pus ,tissue and peritoneal fluids .All the organisms were isolated in pure culture and biofilm formation was detected in vitro by Gold standard TCP (Tissue culture plate) method. Organisms were incubated for an extended period of 48 hours and the biofilms were detected by acetone alcohol elution method. Organisms were categorized as strong, moderate, weak and no biofilm producers based on the obtained OD value of the elute.
Results: Majority of the isolates of Escherichia coli were obtained from catheterized urine culture (67.03%) followed by pus (25.50%).Most of the isolates were capable of forming biofilm in vitro by tissue culture plate method except a few (9.1%). 40% of the isolates were strong biofilm formers which had >4 ODC. 25.5% showed medium biofilm-forming capability and rest 25.5% showed weak biofilm formations in vitro.
Conclusion: The ability to form biofilm from a species can give us a better understanding of the biofilm-related infections pertaining to the particular group. Detection of biofilms remains a most important determinant to approximate the incidence of such infections. Categorization of organisms according to their biofilm formation may help us understand the frequency of biofilm-associated infections, and thus take necessary precautions to avoid the problem. Further studies involving the detection of biofilm may be conducted and the tests can be implemented in routine diagnostic microbiology to assess the usefulness of the methods in detection of biofilm-related infections.
An Autonomous Soft Actuator with Light‐Driven Self‐Sustained Wavelike Oscillation for Phototactic Self‐Locomotion and Power Generation
Authors: Yang Lulu , Chang Longfei , Hu Ying , Huang Majing , Ji Qixiao , Lu Pin , Liu Jiaqin , Chen Wei , Wu Yucheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMimicking the intelligence of biological organisms in artificial systems to design smart actuators that act autonomously in response to constant environmental stimuli is crucial to the construction of intelligent biomimetic robots and devices, but remains a great challenge. Here, a light‐driven autonomous carbon‐nanotube‐based bimorph actuator is developed through an elaborate structural design. This curled droplet‐shaped actuator can be simply driven by constant white light irradiation, self‐propelled by a light‐mechanical negative feedback loop created by light‐driven actuation, time delay in the photothermal response along the actuator, and good elasticity from the curled structure, performing a continuously self‐oscillating motion in a wavelike fashion, which mimics the human sit‐up motion. Moreover, this autonomous self‐oscillating motion can be further tuned by controlling the intensity and direction of the incident light. The autonomous actuator with continuous wavelike oscillating motion shows immense potential in light‐driven biomimetic soft robots and optical‐energy‐harvesting devices. Furthermore, a self‐locomotive artificial snake with phototaxis is constructed, which autonomously and continuously crawls toward the light source in a wave‐propagating manner under constant light irradiation. This snake can be placed on a substrate made of triboelectric materials to realize continuous electric output when exposed to constant light illumination.
A Safe Organic Oxygen Battery Built with Li‐Based Liquid Anode and MOFs Separator
Authors: Deng Han , Chang Zhi , Qiu Feilong , Qiao Yu , Yang Huijun , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSafe rechargeable batteries of improved energy density and high power performance are urgently needed for the development of large electric devices. Herein, an Li‐based organic liquid anode is proposed, and an organic oxygen battery with a metal organic framework membrane separator is realized, which is able to conduct Li ions and separate other large species in the system. Equipped with the dual redox mediator strategy, the organic oxygen battery exhibits superior rate performance with long cycling life and low overpotential. A “solid electrolyte interface”‐like layer is observed between the organic liquid anode and the ion conducting separator. This work not only introduces a new type of anode for Li‐based batteries, but also provides fundamental insights for the better application of biphenyl‐based liquid anodes.
Visual Dysfunction of the Superior Colliculus in De Novo Parkinsonian Patients
Authors: Moro Elena , Bellot Emmanuelle , Meoni Sara , Pelissier Pierre , Hera Ruxandra , Dojat Michel , Coizet Veronique ,   on behalf of the Superior Colliculus Study Group
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveThe dual hit hypothesis about the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) suggests that the brainstem is a convergent area for the propagation of pathological α‐synuclein from the periphery to the brain. Although brainstem structures are likely to be affected early in the course of the disease, detailed information regarding specific brainstem regions is lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate the function of the superior colliculus, a sensorimotor brainstem structure, in de novo PD patients compared to controls using brain functional magnetic imaging and visual stimulation paradigms.MethodsDe novo PD patients and controls were recruited. PD subjects were imaged before and after starting PD medications. A recently developed functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol was used to stimulate and visualize the superior colliculus and 2 other visual structures: the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex.ResultsIn the 22 PD patients, there was no modulation of the superior colliculus responses to the luminance contrasts compared to controls. This implies a hypersensitivity to low luminance contrast and abnormal rapid blood oxygenation level–dependent signal saturation to high luminance contrasts. The lateral geniculate nucleus was only modulated by 3 to 9% luminance contrasts compared to controls. No major differences were found in the primary visual cortex between both groups.InterpretationOur findings suggest that pathological superior colliculus visual responses in de novo PD patients are present early in the course of the disease. Changes in imaging the superior colliculus could play an important role as a preclinical biomarker of the disease. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:533–546
Dysfunction of thioredoxin triggers inflammation through activation of autophagy in chicken cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yang Jie , Gong Yafan , Cai Jingzeng , Liu Qi , Zhang Yuan , Zheng Yingying , Yu Dahai , Zhang Ziwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThioredoxin (Txn) is a hydrogen carrier protein and exists widely in organism. Txn deficiency implicates cardiomyocytes injury has been proven. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. To understand the mechanistic response of cardiomyocytes subsequent to Txn suppression, we established the model of Txn dysfunction by employing gene interference technology (siRNA) and Txn inhibitor (PX‐12) in cardiomyocytes. We detected the ROS levels, inflammation factors, and key proteins in the autophagy and apoptosis. In addition, heat map was used for further analysis. Our results revealed that Txn dysfunction increased the release of ROS and induced activation of autophagy via upregulation of Becline‐1, LC3‐1, 2, which further regulated the inflammatory response, meanwhile, Txn silence inhibited apoptosis in chicken cardiomyocytes through Caspase‐3 inhibition. Altogether we concluded that Txn‐deficient chicken cardiomyocytes experienced autophagy, which caused severe inflammatory reactions and resulting in damage to cardiomyocytes.
Investigations on Selectivity of Gas‐Liquid Reactions in Capillaries
Authors: Grühn Julia , Burke Inga , Neuhaus Nadine , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiocatalysis offers a broad spectrum of possible ecological and economic advantages over conventional chemical catalysis processes, e.g., lower energy consumption and high enantio selectivity. The focus of this work is on gas‐liquid reactions. These are of great importance in the chemical and biochemical industry and subject of current research since they are often limited by mass transfer or show low selectivity. Different suitable biocatalytically gas‐liquid reaction systems were tested in capillary reactor designs in order to obtain information about the interaction between reaction and fluid mechanics. Furthermore, an optical measuring method was established. The experiments were performed in batch mode in a glass beaker with a flow cuvette for UV/Vis measurement of product concentration.
Primary Alcohol‐Activated Human and Mouse Hepatic Stellate Cells Share Similarities in Gene‐Expression Profiles
Authors: Liu Xiao , Rosenthal Sara Brin , Meshgin Nairika , Baglieri Jacopo , Musallam Sami G. , Diggle Karin , Lam Kevin , Wu Raymond , Pan Stephanie Q. , Chen Yibu , Dorko Ken , Presnell Sharon , Benner Chris , Hosseini Mojgan , Tsukamoto Hidekazu , Brenner David , Kisseleva Tatiana 
Published: February 2020

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of cirrhosis in the United States, which is characterized by extensive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and formation of a fibrous scar. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major source of collagen type 1 producing myofibroblasts in ALD fibrosis. However, the mechanism of alcohol‐induced activation of human and mouse HSCs is not fully understood. We compared the gene‐expression profiles of primary cultured human HSCs (hHSCs) isolated from patients with ALD (n = 3) or without underlying liver disease (n = 4) using RNA‐sequencing analysis. Furthermore, the gene‐expression profile of ALD hHSCs was compared with that of alcohol‐activated mHSCs (isolated from intragastric alcohol‐fed mice) or CCl4‐activated mouse HSCs (mHSCs). Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that ALD hHSCs, in addition to alcohol‐activated and CCl4‐activated mHSCs, share the expression of common HSC activation (Col1a1 [collagen type I alpha 1 chain], Acta1 [actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle], PAI1 [plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1], TIMP1 [tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1], and LOXL2 [lysyl oxidase homolog 2]), indicating that a common mechanism underlies the activation of human and mouse HSCs. Furthermore, alcohol‐activated mHSCs most closely recapitulate the gene‐expression profile of ALD hHSCs. We identified the genes that are similarly and uniquely up‐regulated in primary cultured alcohol‐activated hHSCs and freshly isolated mHSCs, which include CSF1R (macrophage colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor), PLEK (pleckstrin), LAPTM5 (lysosmal‐associated transmembrane protein 5), CD74 (class I transactivator, the invariant chain), CD53, MMP9 (matrix metallopeptidase 9), CD14, CTSS (cathepsin S), TYROBP (TYRO protein tyrosine kinase‐binding protein), and ITGB2 (integrin beta‐2), and other genes (compared with CCl4‐activated mHSCs). Conclusion: We identified genes in alcohol‐activated mHSCs from intragastric alcohol‐fed mice that are largely consistent with the gene‐expression profile of primary cultured hHSCs from patients with ALD. These genes are unique to alcohol‐induced HSC activation in two species, and therefore may become targets or readout for antifibrotic therapy in experimental models of ALD.
Association between a low‐carbohydrate diet and sleep status, depression, anxiety, and stress score
Authors: Daneshzad Elnaz , Keshavarz Seyed‐Ali , Qorbani Mostafa , Larijani Bagher , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary intakes, especially carbohydrates, play an important role in blood glucose control in patients with diabetes. It is suggested that carbohydrate amounts may be effective in diabetes complications. This study aimed to reveal the association of low‐carbohydrate diet (LCD) and sleep and mental status among patients with diabetes.METHODSThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among 265 women with type 2 diabetes. Anthropometric measures, as well as biochemical tests, were recorded. Dietary intakes were recorded using a validated food‐frequency‐questionnaire to calculate LCD score. To assess mental disorders and sleep quality, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used respectively.RESULTSPatients in the highest LCD quartile were the ones with the lowest carbohydrate consumption. There was no significant association between cardiovascular risk factors and LCD score even after controlling confounder variables (P > 0.05). Subjects in the highest quartile of LCD score compared with those within the lowest quartile had a 69% lower risk of poor sleep after adjusting confounders. The odds of depressive symptoms were negatively related to the highest quartile of LCD score in the crude model and even after full‐adjusted model (odds ratio: 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–1.01). Participants in the highest quartile of LCD score compared with those in the lowest quartile had a 73% lower risk of anxiety.CONCLUSIONIt seems that patients who consumed lower carbohydrate have better sleep status and are less involved with mental disorders. However, regarding the nature of the present study, well‐designed cohort studies are suggested to be conducted in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduction principle for a certain class of kernel‐type operators
Authors: Peša Dalimil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe classical Hardy–Littlewood inequality asserts that the integral of a product of two functions is always majorized by that of their non‐increasing rearrangements. One of the pivotal applications of this result is the fact that the boundedness of an integral operator acting near zero is equivalent to the boundedness of the same operator restricted to the cone of positive non‐increasing functions. It is well known that an analogous inequality for integration away from zero is not true. We will show in this paper that, nevertheless, the equivalence of the two inequalities is still preserved for certain rather general class of kernel‐type operators under a mild restriction and regardless of the measure of the underlying integration domain.
Von der Brennstoffzelle zur Gibbs‐Helmholtz‐Gleichung
Authors: Wagner Tom 
Published: February 2020

Abstract„Die neuen LED sparen unheimlich viel Energie.“ Durch Sätze wie diesen entsteht leicht der Eindruck, Energie könne erzeugt, gespeichert, verbraucht und eingespart werden oder verloren gehen. In Leistungskursen der Sekundarstufe II bietet es sich daher an, die Vorstellungen der Schüler anhand von elektrochemischen Experimenten zu überprüfen.
Phosphorylation Time‐Course Study of the Response during Adenovirus Type 2 Infection
Authors: Valdés Alberto , Zhao Hongxing , Pettersson Ulf , Lind Sara Bergström 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPTMs such as phosphorylations are usually involved in signal transduction pathways. To investigate the temporal dynamics of phosphoproteome changes upon viral infection, a model system of IMR‐90 cells infected with human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) is used in a time‐course quantitative analysis combining titanium dioxide (TiO2) particle enrichment and SILAC‐MS. Quantitative data from 1552 phosphorylated sites clustered the highly altered phosphorylated sites to the signaling by rho family GTPases, the actin cytoskeleton signaling, and the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A signaling pathways. Their activation is especially pronounced at early time post‐infection. Changes of several phosphorylated sites involved in the glycolysis pathway, related to the activation of the Warburg effect, point at virus‐induced energy production. For Ad2 proteins, 32 novel phosphorylation sites are identified and as many as 52 phosphorylated sites on 17 different Ad2 proteins are quantified, most of them at late time post‐infection. Kinase predictions highlighted activation of PKA, CDK1/2, MAPK, and CKII. Overlaps of kinase motif sequences for viral and human proteins are observed, stressing the importance of phosphorylation during Ad2 infection.