bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer (LOGICA): A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: van der Veen Arjen , Brenkman Hylke J. F. , Seesing Maarten F. J. , Haverkamp Leonie , Luyer Misha D. P. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Stoot Jan H. M. B. , Tegels Juul J. W. , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. , Lagarde Sjoerd M. , de Steur Wobbe O. , Hartgrink Henk H. , Kouwenhoven Ewout A. , Wassenaar Eelco B. , Draaisma Werner A. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , van der Peet Donald L. , May Anne M. , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Hillegersberg Richard ,   LOGICA Study Group, Eligh Anne M. , Ponten Jeroen E. H. , Heesakkers Fanny F. B. M. , Hulsewe Karel W. E. , Tweed Thais T. T. , van Lanschot Jan J. B. , van Det Marc J. , van Duijvendijk P. , van der Zaag Edwin S. , Broeders Ivo A. M. J. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Eshuis Wietse J. , Daams Freek , Heineman David J. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. 
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND The oncological efficacy and safety of laparoscopic gastrectomy are under debate for the Western population with predominantly advanced gastric cancer undergoing multimodality treatment. METHODS In 10 experienced upper GI centers in the Netherlands, patients with resectable (cT1-4aN0-3bM0) gastric adenocarcinoma were randomly assigned to either laparoscopic or open gastrectomy. No masking was performed. The primary outcome was hospital stay. Analyses were performed by intention to treat. It was hypothesized that laparoscopic gastrectomy leads to shorter hospital stay, less postoperative complications, and equal oncological outcomes. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2018, a total of 227 patients were randomly assigned to laparoscopic (n = 115) or open gastrectomy (n = 112). Preoperative chemotherapy was administered to 77 patients (67%) in the laparoscopic group and 87 patients (78%) in the open group. Median hospital stay was 7 days (interquartile range, 5-9) in both groups ( P = .34). Median blood loss was less in the laparoscopic group (150 v 300 mL, P < .001), whereas mean operating time was longer (216 v 182 minutes, P < .001). Both groups did not differ regarding postoperative complications (44% v 42%, P = .91), in-hospital mortality (4% v 7%, P = .40), 30-day readmission rate (9.6% v 9.1%, P = 1.00), R0 resection rate (95% v 95%, P = 1.00), median lymph node yield (29 v 29 nodes, P = .49), 1-year overall survival (76% v 78%, P = .74), and global health-related quality of life up to 1 year postoperatively (mean differences between + 1.5 and + 3.6 on a 1-100 scale; 95% CIs include zero). CONCLUSION Laparoscopic gastrectomy did not lead to a shorter hospital stay in this Western multicenter randomized trial of patients with predominantly advanced gastric cancer. Postoperative complications and oncological efficacy did not differ between laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy.
Clinical Implications of Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Infants With KMT2A-Rearranged Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated on the Interfant-06 Protocol
Authors: Stutterheim Janine , van der Sluis Inge M. , de Lorenzo Paola , Alten Julia , Ancliffe Philip , Attarbaschi Andishe , Brethon Benoit , Biondi Andrea , Campbell Myriam , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Escherich Gabriele , Ferster Alina , Kotecha Rishi S. , Lausen Birgitte , Li Chi Kong , Lo Nigro Luca , Locatelli Franco , Marschalek Rolf , Meyer Claus , Schrappe Martin , Stary Jan , Vora Ajay , Zuna Jan , van der Velden Vincent H. J. , Szczepanski Tomasz , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Pieters Rob 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by a high incidence of KMT2A gene rearrangements and poor outcome. We evaluated the value of minimal residual disease (MRD) in infants with KMT2A-rearranged ALL treated within the Interfant-06 protocol, which compared lymphoid-style consolidation (protocol IB) versus myeloid-style consolidation (araC, daunorubicin, etoposide/mitoxantrone, araC, etoposide). MATERIALS AND METHODS MRD was measured in 249 infants by DNA-based polymerase chain reaction of rearranged KMT2A, immunoglobulin, and/or T-cell receptor genes, at the end of induction (EOI) and end of consolidation (EOC). MRD results were classified as negative, intermediate (< 5 × 10−4), and high (≥ 5 × 10−4). RESULTS EOI MRD levels predicted outcome with 6-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 60.2% (95% CI, 43.2 to 73.6), 45.0% (95% CI, 28.3 to 53.1), and 33.8% (95% CI, 23.8 to 44.1) for infants with negative, intermediate, and high EOI MRD levels, respectively ( P = .0039). EOC MRD levels were also predictive of outcome, with 6-year DFS of 68.2% (95% CI, 55.2 to 78.1), 40.1% (95% CI, 28.1 to 51.9), and 11.9% (95% CI, 2.6 to 29.1) for infants with negative, intermediate, and high EOC MRD levels, respectively ( P < .0001). Analysis of EOI MRD according to the type of consolidation treatment showed that infants treated with lymphoid-style consolidation had 6-year DFS of 78.2% (95% CI, 51.4 to 91.3), 47.2% (95% CI, 33.0 to 60.1), and 23.2% (95% CI, 12.1 to 36.4) for negative, intermediate, and high MRD levels, respectively ( P < .0001), while for myeloid-style–treated patients the corresponding figures were 45.0% (95% CI, 23.9 to 64.1), 41.3% (95% CI, 23.2 to 58.5), and 45.9% (95% CI, 29.4 to 60.9). CONCLUSION This study provides support for the idea that induction therapy selects patients for subsequent therapy; infants with high EOI MRD may benefit from AML-like consolidation (DFS 45.9% v 23.2%), whereas patients with low EOI MRD may benefit from ALL-like consolidation (DFS 78.2% v 45.0%). Patients with positive EOC MRD had dismal outcomes. These findings will be used for treatment interventions in the next Interfant protocol.
Dynamic evolution of schistosomiasis distribution under different control strategies: Results from surveillance covering 1991–2014 in Guichi, China
Authors: Hu Yi , Bergquist Robert , Chen Yue , Ke Yongwen , Dai Jianjun , He Zonggui , Zhang Zhijie 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundSince the founding of the China, the Chinese government, depending on the changing epidemiological situations over time, adopted different strategies to continue the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in the country. Although the changing pattern of schistosomiasis distribution in both time and space is well known and has been confirmed by numerous studies, the problem of how these patterns evolve under different control strategies is far from being understood. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the spatio-temporal change of the distribution of schistosomiasis with special reference to how these patterns evolve under different control strategies.Methodology / Principal findingsParasitological data at the village level were obtained through access to repeated cross-sectional surveys carried out during 1991–2014 in Guichi, a rural district along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, China. A hierarchical dynamic spatio-temporal model was used to evaluate the evolving pattern of schistosomiasis prevalence, which accounted for mechanism of dynamics of the disease. Descriptive analysis indicates that schistosomiasis prevalence displayed fluctuating high-risk foci during implementation of the chemotherapy-based strategy (1991–2005), while it took on a homogenous pattern of decreasing magnitude in the following period when the integrated strategy was implemented (2006–2014). The dynamic model analysis showed that regularly global propagation of the disease was not present after the effect of proximity to river was taken into account but local pattern transition existed. Maps of predicted prevalence shows that relatively high prevalence (>4%) occasionally occurred before 2006 and prevalence presents a homogenous and decreasing trend over the study area afterwards.ConclusionsProximity to river is still an important determinant for schistosomiasis infection regardless of different types of implemented prevention and control strategies. Between the transition from the chemotherapy-based strategy to the integrated one, we noticed a decreased prevalence. However, schistosomiasis would remain an endemic challenge in these study areas. Further prevention and control countermeasures are warranted.
A scoping review to map the concept, content, and outcome of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Jong Mats , Lown E. Anne , Schats Winnie , Mills Michelle L. , Otto Heather R. , Gabrielsen Leiv E. , Jong Miek C. 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
Systematic mapping of the concept, content, and outcome of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors.

Design
Scoping review.

Search strategy
Searches were performed in 13 databases and the grey literature. Included studies describe participation of childhood cancer survivors in wilderness programs where the role of nature had a contextual and therapeutic premise. At least two authors independently performed screening, data extraction and analysis.

Results
Database searches yielded 1848 articles, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of programs (73%) employed adventure therapy. Five activity categories were identified as components of wilderness programs: challenge/risk, free time/leisure, experiential learning, physical activity and psychotherapeutic activities. A majority of the participating childhood cancer survivors were female, white, aged 8–40 years, with a wide range of cancer diagnoses. Reported outcomes included increased social involvement, self-esteem, self-confidence, self-efficacy, social support, and physical activity. Key gaps identified included the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), lack of studies on long-term effects, lack of information on the multicultural aspects of programs, and missing information on engagement in nature activities after the program ended.

Conclusions
This scoping review guides childhood cancer survivors, their families, practitioners, clinicians and researchers in the development and optimization of wilderness programs for childhood cancer survivors. In addition, it informs the utilization of these programs, and identifies gaps in the evidence base of wilderness programs. It is recommended that future study reporting on wilderness programs include more detail and explicitly address the role of nature in the program. Performing RCTs on wilderness programs is challenging, as they occur in real-life contexts in which participants cannot be blinded. Creative solutions in the design of pragmatic trials and mixed method studies are thus needed for further investigation of the effectiveness and safety of wilderness programs in childhood cancer survivors.
The efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 prophylaxis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Lewis Kimberley , Chaudhuri Dipayan , Alshamsi Fayez , Carayannopoulos Laiya , Dearness Karin , Chagla Zain , Alhazzani Waleed ,   for the GUIDE Group
Published: January 2021

Background
Populations such as healthcare workers (HCW) that are unable to practice physical distancing are at high risk of acquiring Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In these cases pharmacological prophylaxis would be a solution to reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) transmission. Hydroxychloroquine has in vitro antiviral properties against SARS CoV-2. We therefore sought to determine the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis for COVID-19.

Methods and findings
We electronically searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane COVID-19 Register of Controlled Trials, Epistemonikos COVID-19, clinicaltrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform up to September 28th, 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We calculated pooled relative risks (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effect model. We identified four RCTs (n = 4921) that met our eligibility criteria. The use of hydroxychloroquine, compared to placebo, did not reduce the risks of developing COVID-19 (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.04, moderate certainty), hospitalization (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.50, moderate certainty), or mortality (RR 3.26, 95% CI 0.13 to 79.74, low certainty), however, hydroxychloroquine use increased the risk of adverse events (RR 2.76, 95% CI 1.38 to 5.55, moderate certainty).

Conclusion
Although pharmacologic prophylaxis is an attractive preventive strategy against COVID-19, the current body of evidence failed to show clinical benefit for prophylactic hydroxychloroquine and showed a higher risk of adverse events when compared to placebo or no prophylaxis.
Depression and associated factors among HIV-positive youths attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Derara , Assegid Sahilu , Gezahegn Yenealem 
Published: January 2021

Background
Depression is recognized as a prominent health problem and a growing public health concern in HIV-positive youths. Despite this fact, in Ethiopia, there is a dearth of evidence on the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among HIV-positive youths.

Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 16 to June 01, 2020, among 331 HIV-positive youths attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in Jimma town. A systematic random sampling technique was used to enroll study participants. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with depression. Variables with a p-value ≤0.25 on the bivariable analysis were candidates for multivariable analysis. Adjusted odds ratios with the respective 95% CI were calculated and p-value <0.05 were used to set statistically significant variables in the multivariable analysis.

Results
Out of a total of 331 sampled HIV positive youth, 325 have participated in this study with a response rate of 98.2%. The prevalence of depression was 30.2% (95%CI:25.2%-35.1%). Female sex (AOR = 4.12, 95%CI:2.28–7.47), history of hospital admission (AOR = 2.45, 95%CI:1.28–4.70), discontinued education due to HIV/AIDS illness (AOR = 2.09, 95%CI:1.12–3.90), poor treatment adherence (AOR = 2.23, 95%CI:1.04–4.78), opportunistic infections (AOR = 2.16, 95%CI:1.17–3.97), high baseline viral load (AOR = 3.35, 95%CI:1.82–6.16) and ≤6 months duration of HIV diagnosis (AOR = 3.14, 95%CI: 1.47–5.72) were factors significantly associated with depression.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of depression among HIV-positive youths. Factors such as female sex, treatment non-adherence, opportunistic infections, <six months since diagnosed with HIV, hospitalization history, high baseline viral load, and school discontinuation due to HIV/AIDS were significantly associated with depression. Therefore, we recommend regular screening for depression co-morbidity among HIV-positive youths and linkage with mental health service providers.
Sex Differences in Extrahepatic Outcomes After Antiviral Treatment for Hepatitis C
Authors: Li Jia , Gordon Stuart C. , Zhou Yueren , Boscarino Joseph A. , Schmidt Mark A. , Daida Yihe G. , Rupp Loralee B. , Trudeau Sheri , Lu Mei ,   for the CHeCS Investigators
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Despite recognized differences in the rates of cardiovascular and renal disease between men and women in the general population, studies of the downstream effects of antiviral treatment for hepatitis C (HCV) have not investigated differences in outcomes based on sex. We analyzed sex differences in risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and ischemic stroke by treatment and response in a large US-based multisite cohort of HCV patients.

METHODS:
Observation started at the HCV diagnosis date (untreated) or last antiviral treatment start (treated). Treatment selection bias was addressed using an inverse probability-weighting approach. We estimated the effect of treatment on the cumulative incidence of outcomes using the Fine-Gray method (subdistribution hazard ratios [sHR] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]). Death was a competing risk.

RESULTS:
Roughly 40% of 15,295 HCV patients were women. After controlling for other risk factors, sustained virological response (SVR) (interferon-based [IFN] or direct-acting antiviral [DAA]) significantly reduced risk of all outcomes, particularly among female patients. Female patients who achieved SVR after IFN-based treatment had significantly lower risk of ACS compared with male patients with SVR from either treatment type (sHR 0.45 [95% CI 0.35–0.59] vs 0.81 [95% CI 0.69–0.96, for DAA SVR] and sHR 0.72 [95% 0.62, 0.85, for IFN SVR]). Successful treatment seemed to be most protective against ESRD; female patients who achieved SVR were at 66%–68% lower risk than untreated patients (sHR 0.32 [95% CI 0.17–0.60 for DAA SVR] and 0.34 [95% CI 0.20–0.58 for IFN SVR]), whereas men were at 38%–42% lower risk (sHR 0.62 [95% CI 0.46–0.85 for DAA SVR] and 0.58 [95% CI 0.43–0.76 for IFN SVR]). IFN treatment failure significantly increased risk of all outcomes by 50%–100% among female patients. Compared with no treatment, female patients who experienced IFN treatment failure were at 63% increased risk of ACS (sHR 1.63 [95% CI 1.35–1.96]), almost twice the risk of ESRD (sHR 1.95 [95% CI 1.43–2.66]) and 51% increased risk of stroke (sHR 1.49 [95%CI 1.11–2.00]).

DISCUSSION:
SVR reduced the risk of extrahepatic complications, particularly in females. The significantly increased risk associated with IFN TF in women—a subset who represented roughly 10% of that group—underscores the importance of prioritizing these patients for DAA treatment irrespective of the fibrosis stage.
Examining how changes in provincial policy on vape marketing impacted the distribution of vaping advertisements near secondary schools in London, Ontario
Authors: Martin Gina , Bowman Drew D. , Graat Megan , Clark Andrew F. , Wray Alexander J. , Askwith Zoe , Seabrook Jamie A. , Gilliland Jason A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objectives
On January 1, 2020, the Government of Ontario passed a regulation banning vaping advertisements by retailers, apart from specialty shops. A motivation for this ban was to limit youth exposure to vaping advertisements. The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the impact of this ban on the number and density of vaping advertisements surrounding secondary schools. Additionally, we examined whether the number of vaping advertisements varied by school socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods
This study used a pre-post design. Audits were conducted December 2019 (pre-ban) and again January to February 2020 (post-ban), to identify vaping advertisements within 800 m surrounding secondary schools (n = 18) in London, Ontario.

Results
Prior to the ban, there were 266 vaping advertisements within 800 m of secondary schools. After the ban, this was reduced to 58, a 78.2% reduction. The mean number of vaping advertisements surrounding schools significantly decreased from 18.1 before the ban to 3.6 after the ban (p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found, prior to the ban, between the number of vaping advertisements surrounding schools and school-level residential instability (r = 0.42, p = 0.02). After the ban, no significant correlations were found between the number of vaping advertisements and school socio-demographic characteristics.

Conclusion
The provincial ban of vaping advertisements in select retail settings significantly reduced the number of vaping advertisements in the areas surrounding secondary schools in London, Ontario. The ban also reduced socio-demographic inequities in youths’ potential exposure to marketing of vaping products. Continued monitoring of the geographic accessibility and promotion of vaping products is warranted.
Abu Ali Hussein Ibn-Abdallah Ibn-Ali Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) - Persian encyclopedic scholar, philosopher, physician, poet, and musician
(to the 1040th of birthday
Authors: Andreev Alexander Alekseevich , Ostroushko Anton Petrovich 
Published: January 2021

Abu Ali Hussein was born in 980 in a village near Bukhara. At the age of five, he entered the elementary Muslim school, which he graduated by 990. The child received further education at home, studying mathematics, physics, logic, law, astronomy, philosophy, geography and other subjects. In those same years, he wrote his first treatises.
Avicenna began to practice medicine before reaching the age of 12, and very quickly became a famous doctor. In gratitude for curing the emir of Bukhara, he gets access to the Bukhara library. Since 1008, after refusing to enter the service of Sultan Mahmud, Ghaznev Ibn Sina has been forced to lead a wanderer. Ibn Sina was the author of more than a hundred scientific works. Around 1020, he completed work on the Canon, which has survived more than thirty editions, being a textbook for studying medicine at European universities for five centuries. The Canon was one of the first printed books, and in terms of the number of publications it competed with the Bible. Until his death, Avicenna could not return to his homeland, wandering in a foreign land from one city to another. He experienced hardships, getting into prison, rose to the heights of power, becoming a vizier, lived in luxury and poverty, but did not stop his creative and scientific work. His property was plundered more than once, his library was lost. Abu Ali Hussein Ibn Sina died in 1037. For religious reasons, 100 years after his death in the main square of Baghdad, his philosophical books were burned, and after several hundred years in Europe, five volumes of the Canon of Medicine will be the first printed edition after the Bible
Les Pays PÃ©troliers de lâ€™Afrique Subsaharienne entre lâ€™Impact de la COVID-19 et la Chute du Prix de PÃ©trole
Authors: Anisser Naouar 
Published: January 2021

En Afrique, la pandÃ©mie de la COVID-19 est une crise qui sâ€™ajoute bien Ã dâ€™autres crises. La faible demande extÃ©rieure, la chute brutale des prix des produits de base et le bouleversement du secteur touristique - rÃ©sultant de la crise sanitaire- auraient un effet nÃ©faste sur lâ€™activitÃ© Ã©conomique en Afrique subsaharienne dont lâ€™Ã©conomie dÃ©pend excessivement de lâ€™exploitation du pÃ©trole. La question de recherche que nous posons ici est de savoir ; quel est lâ€™impact de la pandÃ©mie sur lâ€™Ã©conomie de lâ€™Afrique subsaharienne ? et plus prÃ©sisement sur les marchÃ©s pÃ©troliers de la rÃ©gion ? En se basant sur lâ€™analyse documenatire (les recherches acadÃ©miques et les statistiques des organismes internationaux). Nous essayons dâ€™analyser les principaux canaux de transmission de la crise Ã©conomique dans la pÃ©riode de la crise sanitaire (1) ; pour examiner par la suite lâ€™mpact de la pandÃ©mie sur les marchÃ©s pÃ©troliers africains (2). Lâ€™Ã©tude examine Ã la fin les principales leÃ§ons tirÃ©es et propose ainsi des recommandations (3).
The Sars-Cov 2 pandemic is a sanitary crisis which adds other crises already heating Sub-Saharan Africa. As a result of the COVID-19 crises, the low foreign demand, the dramatic dropping of the prices commodities and the disruption of tourism would have a harmful impact on African economy which mainly depends upon the oil industry. Based on this, the research question is: what is the impact of the pandemic on the economy of sub-Saharan Africa? and more precisely on the oil markets? According to documentary analysis (academic research and statistics from international organizations), the main channels of transmission of the economic crisis in the period of the health crisis are analyzed; to subsequently examine the impact of the pandemic on African oil markets. The study also examines the main lessons learned and thus offers recommendations.