bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Plasma N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Community-based Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Wei-Sin , Chen Yun-Yu , Chen Pei-Chun , Hsu Hsiu-Ching , Su Ta-Chen , Lin Hung-Ju , Chen Ming-Fong , Lee Yuan-Teh , Chien Kuo-Liong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMost studies support that saturated fatty acid replacement with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and put emphasis on the effects of N-3 PUFAs. The reported relationships between N-6 PUFAs and CVD risks vary. We aimed to examine the associations between N-6 PUFA concentrations and CVD risks. In this community-based prospective cohort study on CVD-free patients at baseline (N = 1835, age: 60.6 ± 10.5 years, women: 44.5%), we measured the fatty acid concentrations in the blood using gas chromatography. Four hundred twenty-four participants developed CVDs during follow up. The total N-6 PUFA concentration was inversely associated with the CVD risk, with a 48% lower risk in the highest N-6 PUFA concentration quartile (hazard ratio = 0.52; P for trend <0.001). The estimated population attributable risk of N-6 PUFAs indicated that approximately 20.7% of CVD events would have been prevented if the plasma N-6 PUFA concentration had been higher than the median value. The total N-6 PUFA concentration presented the highest net reclassification improvement (NRI = 7.2%, P = 0.03) for predicting incident CVD. Further studies on N-6 PUFAs, diet habits, and their relationships with healthcare are warranted.
Highly monodisperse Pd-Ni nanoparticles supported on rGO as a rapid, sensitive, reusable and selective enzyme-free glucose sensor
Authors: Şavk Aysun , Cellat Kemal , Arıkan Kubilay , Tezcan Fatih , Gülbay Senem Karahan , Kızıldağ Servet , Işgın Elif Şahin , Şen Fatih 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, highly monodispersed palladium-nickel (Pd-Ni) nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized by the microwave-assisted methodology. The synthesized nanoparticles were used for modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to produce our final product as PdNi@rGO/GCE, which were utilized for non-enzymatic detecting of glucose. In the present study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), chronoamperometry (CA) and, cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods were implemented to investigate the sensing performance of the developed glucose electrode. The modified electrode, PdNi@rGO/GCE, exhibited very noticeable results with a linear working range of 0.05–1.1 mM. Moreover, an ultralow detection limit of 0.15 μM was achieved. According to the results of amperometric signals of the electrodes, no significant change was observed, even after 250 h of operation period. In addition, the highly monodisperse PdNi@rGO/GCE was utilized to electrochemical detection of glucose in real serum samples. In light of the results, PdNi@rGO/GCE has shown an excellent sensing performance and can be used successfully in serum samples for glucose detection and it is suitable for practical and clinical applications.
Divergent evolution of terrestrial locomotor abilities in extant Crocodylia
Authors: Hutchinson John R. , Felkler Dean , Houston Kati , Chang Yu-Mei , Brueggen John , Kledzik David , Vliet Kent A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExtant Crocodylia are exceptional because they employ almost the full range of quadrupedal footfall patterns (“gaits”) used by mammals; including asymmetrical gaits such as galloping and bounding. Perhaps this capacity evolved in stem Crocodylomorpha, during the Triassic when taxa were smaller, terrestrial, and long-legged. However, confusion about which Crocodylia use asymmetrical gaits and why persists, impeding reconstructions of locomotor evolution. Our experimental gait analysis of locomotor kinematics across 42 individuals from 15 species of Crocodylia obtained 184 data points for a wide velocity range (0.15–4.35 ms−1). Our results suggest either that asymmetrical gaits are ancestral for Crocodylia and lost in the alligator lineage, or that asymmetrical gaits evolved within Crocodylia at the base of the crocodile line. Regardless, we recorded usage of asymmetrical gaits in 7 species of Crocodyloidea (crocodiles); including novel documentation of these behaviours in 5 species (3 critically endangered). Larger Crocodylia use relatively less extreme gait kinematics consistent with steeply decreasing athletic ability with size. We found differences between asymmetrical and symmetrical gaits in Crocodylia: asymmetrical gaits involved greater size-normalized stride frequencies and smaller duty factors (relative ground contact times), consistent with increased mechanical demands. Remarkably, these gaits did not differ in maximal velocities obtained: whether in Alligatoroidea or Crocodyloidea, trotting or bounding achieved similar velocities, revealing that the alligator lineage is capable of hitherto unappreciated extreme locomotor performance despite a lack of asymmetrical gait usage. Hence asymmetrical gaits have benefits other than velocity capacity that explain their prevalence in Crocodyloidea and absence in Alligatoroidea—and their broader evolution.
Conformational exchange in the potassium channel blocker ShK
Authors: Iwakawa Naoto , Baxter Nicola J. , Wai Dorothy C. C. , Fowler Nicholas J. , Morales Rodrigo A. V. , Sugase Kenji , Norton Raymond S. , Williamson Mike P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractShK is a 35-residue disulfide-linked polypeptide produced by the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus, which blocks the potassium channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.3 with pM affinity. An analogue of ShK has been developed that blocks Kv1.3 > 100 times more potently than Kv1.1, and has completed Phase 1b clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Previous studies have indicated that ShK undergoes a conformational exchange that is critical to its function, but this has proved difficult to characterise. Here, we have used high hydrostatic pressure as a tool to increase the population of the alternative state, which is likely to resemble the active form that binds to the Kv1.3 channel. By following changes in chemical shift with pressure, we have derived the chemical shift values of the low- and high-pressure states, and thus characterised the locations of structural changes. The main difference is in the conformation of the Cys17-Cys32 disulfide, which is likely to affect the positions of the critical Lys22-Tyr23 pair by twisting the 21–24 helix and increasing the solvent exposure of the Lys22 sidechain, as indicated by molecular dynamics simulations.
Materials, energy, water, and emissions nexus impacts on the future contribution of PV solar technologies to global energy scenarios
Authors: Elshkaki Ayman 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPV technologies are increasingly making significant contribution to global energy generation (GEG), attributed to their high potential of increasing efficiency, cost reduction, and improving energy security. These technologies however rely on metals that are identified as critical due to risks associated with their supply, and other materials that require energy and water for their production. In this paper, a comprehensive assessment of required materials for PV technologies, an analysis of their materials inflows, outflows, and stocks, an estimate of their maximum contribution to global energy scenarios (GES), and an estimate of energy and water required for their material production and associated CO2 emissions under the nexus approach, have been carried out using a dynamic material flow-stock model. A total of 100 energy-material nexus scenarios, which combines 10 GES and 10 materials scenarios, have been analysed. Results indicate that although most GES are difficult to be realized under current PV technologies market share and condition; these technologies could make significant contribution to GEG in future. The three commercial thin-film PV technologies could produce between 3% and 22% of electricity generation in IEA-450 scenario. Energy required for PV materials production is expected to reach between 5.9% and 11.8% of electricity generated (EG) by PV solar and between 0.76% and 1.52% of total EG in IEA-450 scenario by 2050. CO2 emissions associated with material production are expected to be between 0.94% and 2.2% of total CO2 emissions in IEA-450 scenario by 2050.
Targeting of cell-free DNA by DNase I diminishes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in a rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Weber Carolyn , Jenke Alexander , Chobanova Vasilena , Yazdanyar Mariam , Chekhoeva Agunda , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Lichtenberg Artur , Wahlers Thorsten , Akhyari Payam , Paunel-Görgülü Adnana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in the activation of leukocytes, release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and severe inflammation. We hypothesize that targeting of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) by DNases might represent a feasible therapeutic strategy to limit CPB-associated side effects. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) underwent CPB with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and were divided into 3 groups: control (group 1), one i.v. bolus DNase I before CPB start (group 2) and a second DNase I dose before reperfusion (group 3). We found a positive correlation between plasma cfDNA/NETs levels and compromised endothelial vasorelaxation after CPB. DNase I administration significantly diminished plasma cfDNA/NETs levels. Further, a dose-dependent improvement in endothelial function accompanied by significant reduction of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was observed. Rats of group 3 had significantly reduced plasma IL-6 levels and downregulated expression of adhesion molecules resulting in impaired leukocyte extravasation and reduced MPO activity in lungs. Mechanistically, digestion of NETs by DNase I significantly diminished NETs-dependent upregulation of adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells. Altogether, systemic DNase I administration during CPB efficiently reduced cfDNA/NETs-mediated endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and might represents a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical practice.
Antioxidants and radical damage in a hydrophilic environment: chemical reactions and concepts
Authors: Nauser Thomas , Gebicki Janusz M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Known endogenous antioxidants are unlikely to prevent radical damage due to oxidative stress or achieve complete repair by established reaction mechanisms. While near complete prevention seems very unrealistic, some of the initial damage can be repaired. Depending on tissue, this may be even a large fraction. Antioxidants, however, will efficiently break radical reaction chains and, therefore, certainly limit the damage caused by radicals. It is not clear if chemical antioxidant action is strictly limited to electron-transfer processes or if additional reaction mechanisms may contribute.
Eye Movement Recordings: Practical Applications in Neurology
Authors: Rizzo John-Ross , Beheshti Mahya , Dai Weiwei , Rucker Janet C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccurate detection and interpretation of eye movement abnormalities often guides differential diagnosis, discussions on prognosis and disease mechanisms, and directed treatment of disabling visual symptoms and signs. A comprehensive clinical eye movement examination is high yield from a diagnostic standpoint; however, skillful recording and quantification of eye movements can increase detection of subclinical deficits, confirm clinical suspicions, guide therapeutics, and generate expansive research opportunities. This review encompasses an overview of the clinical eye movement examination, provides examples of practical diagnostic contributions from quantitative recordings of eye movements, and comments on recording equipment and related challenges.
Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Gaier Eric D. , Heidary Gena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe presentation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in pediatric populations has several important distinctions from that in adults, especially among prepubertal patients, in which there is no apparent association with gender or obesity. Pediatric patients are more likely to be asymptomatic or present with atypical symptoms than their adult counterparts, posing a diagnostic challenge in some cases. It is important to be aware of the ways in which diagnostic criteria for IIH are modified from that of adults. Ideal treatment practices and the natural history of pediatric IIH remain unclear. Acetazolamide is the mainstay of medical treatment, but some patients with significant visual loss may require surgical intervention. Multicenter studies to accrue a large number of cases and future prospective studies will help to better define pediatric IIH and to formulate consensus guidelines for treatment and management of these patients.
Kisspeptin and Prolactin
Authors: Grattan David R. , Szawka Raphael E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe relationship between elevated prolactin and infertility has been known for a long time, but the specific mechanism by which prolactin inhibited reproduction had been uncertain. The discovery of kisspeptin has provided novel insights into how prolactin might cause infertility, with extensive evidence that elevated prolactin inhibits secretion of kisspeptin, resulting in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and infertility. More recent data suggest that a converse relationship might also exist, with evidence that kisspeptin influences prolactin secretion. This brief review will examine the relationship between kisspeptin and prolactin from each of these two perspectives: the well-characterized inhibitory effect of prolactin on kisspeptin neurons and the more recent concept that kisspeptin neurons are involved in the control of prolactin secretion.
Global extrema of the Delange function, bounds for digital sums and concave functions
Authors: Galkin O. E. , Galkina S. Yu. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe sumsare defined by the equalityfor all positive integersand, whereis the sum of digits of the integerwritten in the system with base. In 1975 Delange generalised Trollope’s formula and proved that, whereandis the continuous nowhere differentiable Delange function. We find global extrema ofand, using this, obtain a precise bound for the difference. In the casethis becomes the bound for binary sums proved by Krüppel in 2008 and also earlier by other authors. We also evaluate the global extrema of some other continuous nowhere differentiable functions. We introduce the natural concave hull of a function and prove a criterion simplifying the evaluation of this hull. Moreover, we introduce the notion of an extreme subargument of a function on a convex set. We show that all points of global maximum of the difference, where the functionis strictly concave and some additional conditions hold, are extreme subarguments for. A similar result is obtained for functions of the form. We evaluate the global extrema and find extreme subarguments of the Delange function on the interval. The results in the paper are illustrated by graphs and tables.Bibliography: 16 titles.
The gradient projection algorithm for a proximally smooth set and a function with Lipschitz continuous gradient
Authors: Balashov M. V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We consider the minimization problem for a nonconvex function with Lipschitz continuous gradient on a proximally smooth (possibly nonconvex) subset of a finite-dimensional Euclidean space. We introduce the error bound condition with exponent

for the gradient mapping. Under this condition, it is shown that the standard gradient projection algorithm converges to a solution of the problem linearly or sublinearly, depending on the value of the exponent

. This paper is theoretical.
Bibliography: 23 titles.
Symmetries in left-invariant optimal control problems
Authors: Podobryaev A. V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Left-invariant optimal control problems on Lie groups are considered. When studying the optimality of extreme trajectories, the crucial role is played by symmetries of the exponential map that are induced by symmetries of the conjugate subsystem of the Hamiltonian system of the Pontryagin maximum principle. A general construction is obtained for these symmetries of the exponential map for connected Lie groups with generic coadjoint orbits of codimension not exceeding one and with a connected stabilizer.
Bibliography: 32 titles.
Programmable active kirigami metasheets with more freedom of actuation
Authors: Tang Yichao , Li Yanbin , Hong Yaoye , Yang Shu , Yin Jie 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Kirigami is an emerging approach to construct 3-dimensional (3D) structures by simply cutting and folding thin sheets. Sole slits lead to expanded 3D structures through buckling to open the cuts. Compared to homogenous shape shifting through thin sheets with sole cuts, adding folds into cuts provides potential for programmable structure reconfiguration in kirigami sheets with excised holes. However, folding often closes the cutouts in such kirigami sheets, resulting in compact 3D pop-up structures. Here, we combine a universal fold design and slits in kirigami sheets to realize both expanded and compact structures, allowing reprogrammability in both 2D and 3D through folding-induced opening and reclosing of slits. We demonstrate thermal actuation of programmable kirigami metastructures and machines through cuts-guided directional folding.
Scaling the risk landscape drives optimal life-history strategies and the evolution of grazing
Authors: Bhat Uttam , Kempes Christopher P. , Yeakel Justin D. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Consumer species assume diverse life-history and foraging strategies in part to mitigate the risks imparted by spatially variable resources. By deriving a mechanistic model of energy allocation, we show how fitness-optimizing strategies are tied to resource variability and that population stability depends on the scaling of resource variability with consumer body size and diet. These relationships offer insight into the evolutionary trend toward larger body size, known as Cope’s rule, and the mammalian transition from browsing to grazing following the advent of grasslands in the mid-to-late Miocene.
A formula for the value of a stochastic game
Authors: Attia Luc , Oliu-Barton Miquel 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Stochastic games were introduced by the Nobel Memorial Prize winner Lloyd Shapley in 1953 to model dynamic interactions in which the environment changes in response to the players’ behavior. The theory of stochastic games and its applications have been studied in several scientific disciplines, including economics, operations research, evolutionary biology, and computer science. In addition, mathematical tools that were used and developed in the study of stochastic games are used by mathematicians and computer scientists in other fields. This paper contributes to the theory of stochastic games by providing a tractable formula for the value of finite competitive stochastic games. This result settles a major open problem which remained unsolved for nearly 40 y.
Geographically divergent evolutionary and ecological legacies shape mammal biodiversity in the global tropics and subtropics
Authors: Rowan John , Beaudrot Lydia , Franklin Janet , Reed Kaye E. , Smail Irene E. , Zamora Andrew , Kamilar Jason M. 
Published: December 2019

SignificanceResearch in ecology and biogeography often assumes that ecological communities are shaped primarily by recent drivers, such as current climate and human activity. Here we analyze a comprehensive dataset of 515 large mammal communities across the Earth’s tropics and subtropics and show that present-day diversity patterns are codetermined by both past and present factors. Although current climate is important, paleoclimatic influences are strong. Likewise, while post-Industrial Revolution human impacts have affected mammal diversity patterns, imprints of prehistoric human-driven extinctions over the last ∼100,000 y are also evident. The influence of past versus present climate and human impacts varies markedly around the world, highlighting the importance of regionally unique evolutionary and ecological histories in shaping global patterns of biodiversity.
Kinetics and mechanism of planar nanowire growth
Authors: Rothman Amnon , Dubrovskii Vladimir G. , Joselevich Ernesto 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Surface-guided growth of planar nanowires is an attractive way of creating aligned arrays of nanowires to enable their large-scale integration into practical devices, but the kinetics and mechanism of planar vs. regular nonplanar growth are poorly controlled and understood. We present kinetic data for planar nanowire growth supported by a theoretical model. Planar vs. nonplanar nanowire growth rates show different power dependence on nanowire diameter attributed to the dimensionality of precursor material diffusion. Whereas the regular nonplanar growth is dominated by surface diffusion over the nanowire sidewalls, planar growth is found to be dominated by surface diffusion over the substrate. This knowledge enables much higher control over the diameter and length distribution of surface-guided nanowires in different material systems.
Human activities have opposing effects on distributions of narrow-ranged and widespread plant species in China
Authors: Xu Wu-Bing , Svenning Jens-Christian , Chen Guo-Ke , Zhang Ming-Gang , Huang Ji-Hong , Chen Bin , Ordonez Alejandro , Ma Ke-Ping 
Published: December 2019

Significance
Human activities can drive both species’ range contractions and expansions. Species’ responses to human activities are suggested to be influenced by their geographic range sizes. Here, we test the idea that human impacts cause range declines in small-range species but promote range expansion of common species, using distribution data for 9,701 plants across China to examine the relation of human activities to the degree to which species fill their climatic potential ranges. We found that narrow-ranged and widespread species indeed exhibited opposing responses to human activities, with their range filling decreasing and increasing with human influence, respectively. These findings suggest that human activities have reduced ranges of narrow-ranged species but expanded those of widespread species, causing biotic homogenization across China.
SIRT5 stabilizes mitochondrial glutaminase and supports breast cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Greene Kai Su , Lukey Michael J. , Wang Xueying , Blank Bryant , Druso Joseph E. , Lin Miao-chong J. , Stalnecker Clint A. , Zhang Chengliang , Negrón Abril Yashira , Erickson Jon W. , Wilson Kristin F. , Lin Hening , Weiss Robert S. , Cerione Richard A. 
Published: December 2019

Significance
The mitochondrial enzyme glutaminase (GLS) is frequently up-regulated in cancer cells, and a GLS-selective inhibitor is being evaluated in clinical trials. Previous screens identified succinylated lysine residues on GLS, but the functional consequences of these posttranslational modifications have remained unclear. Here, we report that the mitochondrial desuccinylase SIRT5 stabilizes GLS. Both GLS and SIRT5 are upregulated during cellular transformation, and high expression of SIRT5 in human breast tumors correlates with poor patient prognosis. Mechanistically, SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation of residue K164 protects GLS from ubiquitination at K158 and from subsequent degradation. These findings reveal an important role for SIRT5 in mammary tumorigenesis and establish a posttranslational mechanism regulating GLS levels. Collectively, they support further investigation of SIRT5 as a potential therapeutic target.