bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual analysis of chitosan-based agronanofungicides as a sustainable alternative in oil palm disease management
Authors: Maluin Farhatun Najat , Hussein Mohd Zobir , Yusof Nor Azah , Fakurazi Sharida , Maznah Zainol , Idris Abu Seman , Hilmi Nur Hailini Zainol , Daim Leona Daniela Jeffery 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe nanoformulations of pesticides have shown great interest from many parties due to their slow release capability and site-specific delivery. Hence, in this work, a new nanoformulation of a fungicide, namely chitosan-hexaconazole nanoparticles with a mean diameter size of 18 nm was subjected to the residual analysis on oil palm tissue, leaf and palm oil (crude palm oil and crude palm kernel oil) using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method coupled with the gas chromatography–micro electron capture detector (GC–µECD). The chitosan-hexaconazole nanoparticles were applied using the trunk injection method at 4.5 g a.i./palm (standard single dose) and 9.0 g a.i./palm (double dose). The fungicide residue was analyzed at 0 (6 h after application), 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after treatment. The palm oil matrices; the crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) were found to be residue-free. However, it was observed that high accumulation of the fungicide in the stem tissue and leaf after the treatment using the chitosan-hexaconazole nanoparticles, which is good for better bioavailability for the treatment of the fungi, Ganoderma boninense. The dissipation kinetic at double dose treatment in the tissue and leaf was found to govern by the second-order kinetic with half-lives (t1/2) of 383 and 515 days, respectively.
Addition of Aegilops biuncialis chromosomes 2M or 3M improves the salt tolerance of wheat in different way
Authors: Darko Eva , Khalil Radwan , Dobi Zsanett , Kovács Viktória , Szalai Gabriella , Janda Tibor , Molnár István 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAegilops biuncialis is a promising gene source to improve salt tolerance of wheat via interspecific hybridization. In the present work, the salt stress responses of wheat-Ae. biuncialis addition lines were investigated during germination and in young plants to identify which Aegilops chromosomes can improve the salt tolerance of wheat. After salt treatments, the Aegilops parent and the addition lines 2M, 3M and 3M.4BS showed higher germination potential, shoot and root growth, better CO2 assimilation capacity and less chlorophyll degradation than the wheat parent. The Aegilops parent accumulated less Na in the roots due to an up-regulation of SOS1, SOS2 and HVP1 genes, while it contained higher amount of proline, fructose, glucose, galactose, maltose and raffinose. In the leaves, lower Na level was accompanied by high amount of proline and increased expression of NHX2 gene. The enhanced accumulation of sugars and proline was also observed in the roots of 3M and 3M.4BS addition lines. Typical mechanism of 2M addition line was the sequestration of Na into the vacuole due to the increased expression of HVP1 in the roots and NHX2 in the leaves. These results suggest the Aegilops chromosomes 2M and 3M can improve salt tolerance of wheat in different way.
Anti-inflammatory potential of Portuguese thermal waters
Authors: Silva A. , Oliveira A. S. , Vaz C. V. , Correia S. , Ferreira R. , Breitenfeld L. , Martinez-de-Oliveira J. , Palmeira-de-Oliveira R. , Pereira C. M. F. , Palmeira-de-Oliveira A. , Cruz M. T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn light of Medical Hydrology, thermal waters (TW) are all-natural mineral waters that emerge inside a thermal resort and have therapeutic applications. Their beneficial effect has been empirically recognized for centuries, being indicated for symptom alleviation and/or treatment of several diseases, almost all associated with inflammation. Indeed, an anti-inflammatory effect has been attributed to many different Portuguese TW but there is no scientific validation supporting this empiric knowledge. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of 14 TW pertaining to thermal centers located in the Central Region of Portugal, and grouped according to their ionic profile. Mouse macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, were exposed to culture medium prepared in TW. Metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels and the scavenging capacity of TW, were investigated in vitro. 11 out of 14 TW reduced NO production and/or iNOS expression, and/or scavenging activity, in macrophages exposed to LPS. The sulphated/calcic TW did not show any effect on at least one of the inflammatory parameters evaluated. Two sulphurous/bicarbonate/sodic TW and the sulphurous/chlorinated/sodic TW promoted an increase in NO production and/or iNOS expression. Our results validate, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory properties of Portuguese TW, supporting their therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases and promoting their putative application in cosmetic products and medical devices.
Analogous adaptations in speed, impulse and endpoint stiffness when learning a real and virtual insertion task with haptic feedback
Authors: Takagi Atsushi , De Magistris Giovanni , Xiong Geyun , Micaelli Alain , Kambara Hiroyuki , Koike Yasuharu , Savin Jonathan , Marsot Jacques , Burdet Etienne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHumans have the ability to use a diverse range of handheld tools. Owing to its versatility, a virtual environment with haptic feedback of the force is ideally suited to investigating motor learning during tool use. However, few simulators exist to recreate the dynamic interactions during real tool use, and no study has compared the correlates of motor learning between a real and virtual tooling task. To this end, we compared two groups of participants who either learned to insert a real or virtual tool into a fixture. The trial duration, the movement speed, the force impulse after insertion and the endpoint stiffness magnitude decreased as a function of trials, but they changed at comparable rates in both environments. A ballistic insertion strategy observed in both environments suggests some interdependence when controlling motion and controlling interaction, contradicting a prominent theory of these two control modalities being independent of one another. Our results suggest that the brain learns real and virtual insertion in a comparable manner, thereby supporting the use of a virtual tooling task with haptic feedback to investigate motor learning during tool use.
Independent control of cocontraction and reciprocal activity during goal-directed reaching in muscle space
Authors: Takagi Atsushi , Kambara Hiroyuki , Koike Yasuharu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe movement in a joint is facilitated by a pair of muscles that pull in opposite directions. The difference in the pair’s muscle force or reciprocal activity results in joint torque, while the overlapping muscle force or the cocontraction is related to the joint’s stiffness. Cocontraction knowingly adapts implicitly over a number of movements, but it is unclear whether the central nervous system can actively regulate cocontraction in a goal-directed manner in a short span of time. We developed a muscle interface where a cursor’s horizontal position was determined by the reciprocal activity of the shoulder flexion–extension muscle pair, while the vertical position was controlled by its cocontraction. Participants made goal-directed movements to single and via-point targets in the two-dimensional muscle space, learning to move the cursor along the shortest path. Simulations using an optimal control framework suggest that the reciprocal activity and the cocontraction may be controlled independently by the CNS, albeit at a rate orders of magnitude slower than the muscle’s maximal activation speed.
Functional annotation of genetic associations by transcriptome-wide association analysis provides insights into neutrophil development regulation
Authors: Yao Yao , Yang Jia , Qin Qian , Tang Chao , Li Zhidan , Chen Li , Li Kailong , Ren Chunyan , Chen Lu , Rao Shuquan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genomic loci linked to blood cell traits, however understanding the biological relevance of these genetic loci has proven to be challenging. Here, we performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) integrating gene expression and splice junction usage in neutrophils (N = 196) with a neutrophil count GWAS (N = 173,480 individuals). We identified a total of 174 TWAS-significant genes enriched in target genes of master transcription factors governing neutrophil specification. Knockout of a TWAS candidate at chromosome 5q13.2, TAF9, in CD34+ hematopoietic and progenitor cells (HSPCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology showed a significant effect on neutrophil production in vitro. In addition, we identified 89 unique genes significant only for splice junction usage, thus emphasizing the importance of alternative splicing beyond gene expression underlying granulopoiesis. Our results highlight the advantages of TWAS, followed by gene editing, to determine the functions of GWAS loci implicated in hematopoiesis.
Water pressure fluctuations control variability in sediment flux and slip dynamics beneath glaciers and ice streams
Authors: Damsgaard Anders , Goren Liran , Suckale Jenny 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRapid ice loss is facilitated by sliding over beds consisting of reworked sediments and erosional products, commonly referred to as till. The dynamic interplay between ice and till reshapes the bed, creating landforms preserved from past glaciations. Leveraging the imprint left by past glaciations as constraints for projecting future deglaciation is hindered by our incomplete understanding of evolving basal slip. Here, we develop a continuum model of water-saturated, cohesive till to quantify the interplay between meltwater percolation and till mobilization that governs changes in the depth of basal slip under fast-moving ice. Our model explains the puzzling variability of observed slip depths by relating localized till deformation to perturbations in pore-water pressure. It demonstrates that variable slip depth is an inherent property of the ice-meltwater-till system, which could help understand why some paleo-landforms like grounding-zone wedges appear to have formed quickly relative to current till-transport rates.
Radical abstraction vs. oxidative addition mechanisms for the activation of the S–H, O–H, and C–H bonds using early transition metal oxides
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R. , Miliordos Evangelos 
Published: December 2020

Calculations on the ZrO+/NbO+ (bare and ligated) + H2S/H2O/CH4 reactions show that H–S is easily activated with either oxo or oxyl ZrO+/NbO+, O–H bears larger barriers for both, and C–H is readily activated only with the oxyl form.
Artificial light-harvesting systems (LHSs) based on boron-difluoride (BF2) hydrazone complexes (BODIHYs)
Authors: Singh Vishwa Deepak , Dwivedi Bhupendra Kumar , Kumar Yogesh , Pandey Daya Shankar 
Published: December 2020

The hydrazone based BF2–complexes (BODIHYs; B1–B2) have been synthesized and their photophysical and aggregation behavior have been established. These BODIHYs have been showed light harvesting properties in presence of RhB as acceptor.
Über die heilende Kraft des echten Gesprächs
Authors: Maio Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFür den Umgang mit hilfsbedürftigen Menschen in Medizin und Pflege ist das Gespräch das Zentrale, denn mag das Gespräch auch nicht lebensrettend sein, so bleibt es gleichwohl überlebensnotwendig. Das Gespräch ist in sich wertvoll, trägt in sich einen Wert, weil das Gespräch selbst spricht. Allein dass man mit jemandem spricht, bringt man das Eigentliche schon zum Ausdruck, nämlich dass der andere Bedeutung hat. Weil das Gespräch Vermittlung und Ausdruck zugleich ist, wird auch erklärbar, warum gerade das Gespräch Wirklichkeit verändert, und dies oft in einem nachhaltigeren und tieferen Sinn, als es ein Medikament je könnte.
Endothel, vaskuläre Funktion und COVID-19
Authors: Kopp Sabrina , Münzel Thomas , Wenzel Philip 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie konnten zahlreiche Erkenntnisse über den 3-phasigen Verlauf einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion, den Infektionsweg und die Bedeutung einer vaskulären Dysfunktion gewonnen werden. Im Rahmen der Infektion kann es zu einer hyperinflammatorischen Phase mit sekundären Organschäden bis hin zum Tod kommen. Diese schweren Krankheitsverläufe gehen mit einer unkontrollierten Freisetzung von Entzündungsmediatoren und Zytokinen einher. Auf zellulärer Ebene bedingt der membrangebundene ACE-2-Rezeptor die Invasion des Virus und stimuliert über einen 2. Mechanismus die Metalloprotease ADAM17 sowie die Freisetzung von Zytokinen. Vasokonstriktive Veränderungen sowie die systemischen Inflammationsreaktionen führen zu hypoxischen Organschäden und thrombotischen Komplikationen. Die mikrovaskuläre Dysfunktion, Mikroangiopathien – insbesondere der kleinen Lungengefäße – sowie eine Endotheliitis können Erklärungsansätze für die ausgeprägte systemische, mikrovaskuläre
Störung bei schweren Infektionen mit SARS-CoV-2 liefern.
Multiplicator type operators and approximation of periodic functions of one variable by trigonometric polynomials
Authors: Runovskii K. V. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The norms of the images of multiplier type operators generated by an arbitrary generator are estimated in terms of the best approximations of univariate periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials in the

-spaces,

. As corollaries, estimates for the quality of approximation by Fourier means, an inverse theorem of approximation theory, comparison theorems, an analogue of the Marchaud inequality for generalized moduli of smoothness defined by a periodic generator, as well as some constructive sufficient conditions for generalized smoothness and Bernstein type inequalities for generalized derivatives of trigonometric polynomials are obtained.
Bibliography: 49 titles.
Ramification filtration via deformations
Authors: Abrashkin V. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Let

be a field of formal Laurent series with coefficients in a finite field of characteristic

,

the maximal quotient of the Galois group of

of period

and nilpotency class

and

the filtration by ramification subgroups in the upper numbering. Let

be the identification of nilpotent Artin-Schreier theory: here

is the group obtained from a suitable profinite Lie

-algebra

via the Campbell-Hausdorff composition law. We develop a new technique for describing the ideals

such that

and constructing their generators explicitly. Given

, we construct an epimorphism of Lie algebras

and an action

of the formal group of order

,

,

, on

. Suppose

, where

, and

is the ideal of

generated by the elements of

. The main result in the paper states that

. In the last sections we relate this result to the explicit construction of generators of

obtained previously by the author, develop a more efficient version of it and apply it to recover the whole ramification filtration of

from the set of its jumps.
Bibliography: 13 titles.
On automorphisms of quasi-smooth weighted complete intersections
Authors: Przyjalkowski V. V. , Shramov C. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We show that every reductive subgroup of the automorphism group of a quasi-smooth well-formed weighted complete intersection of dimension at least

is a restriction of a subgroup in the automorphism group in the ambient weighted projective space. Also, we provide examples demonstrating that the automorphism group of a quasi-smooth well-formed Fano weighted complete intersection may be infinite and even non-reductive.
Bibliography: 25 titles.
Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa , Mikulyuk Alison 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Salvinia auriculata is a floating aquatic fern that is often grown as an aquatic ornamental, but has escaped cultivation and become invasive in many regions worldwide. It is highly competitive and capable of extremely fast growth; high leaf and branch densities allow it to form continuous and large mats on the waters surface. It exhibits density-dependent morphological plasticity that increases its competitive potential. Under conditions of nutrient enrichment, it can form dense mats (>50 cm thick) that shade submersed aquatic plant species, impact fisheries and negatively affect recreational activities and transportation. Dense colonies can completely outcompete native flora, decrease biodiversity and contribute to habitat degradation. The species is listed as invasive in Chile, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guyana, Taiwan, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Africa’s Blue Economy: potentials and challenges for more locally beneficial development
Authors: Akpomera Eddy 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
Africa has massive potential for a vibrant ‘Blue Economy’: 70% of the countries in the continent have territorial coastlines and extensive kilometres of exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the sea that are still largely untapped for economic development. This analysis on sub-Saharan Africa’s positioning in the new framework of the Blue Economy, as well as the defining bottlenecks of maritime insecurity and weak governance, finds that Africa’s coastal states lack financial and technological capacity to harvest ocean assets, and are plagued by the corrupt tendencies of the political elite. There is a need to deploy strategic use of the states’ advantageous maritime resources for more locally beneficial development.
Monte Carlo calculation of charge collection efficiencies in ionization chambers
Authors: García L I Ramos , Pérez-Azorín J F , Anguiano M , Lallena A M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Collection efficiency is an important quantity in dosimetry with ionization chambers. It can be calculated by solving a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations. This system can be solved only in few, simple, idealized geometries, but for more realistic designs an analytical resolution is no longer possible. In the present work a Monte Carlo scheme that could permit to calculate the collection efficiency for any ionization chamber geometry is proposed. This scheme has been tested against Boag’s approach for three chambers with plane-parallel, cylindrical and spherical geometries, operated in the recombination regime. The results obtained in the full Monte Carlo simulation closely agree with the Boag’s ones for the three ideal geometries considered. The largest relative difference, ∼0.3%, has been found for the plane-parallel chamber in case of 50 V, the lowest potential difference investigated in this study. Results appear to be stable against changes in the chamber volume, the ion mobility and the recombination constant. The method proposed could be a useful tool to calculate collection efficiencies of ionization chambers, provided the electric field inside them is known.
Influence of coexistence of mild OSA on airway mucus hypersecretion in patients with COPD
Authors: Wan Nansheng , Tang Xin , Ding Hui , Yan Yuxia , Zhuang Yan , Qi Chao , Chen Qianqian , Xie Wei , Zhang Jing , Wang Yan , Liang Maoli , Ning Wen , Cao Jie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause multiple system damage, and the main physiological mechanisms are continuous hypoxia and intermittent hypoxia (IH). Airway mucus hypersecretion is an important clinical feature of COPD, which can cause a progressive decline of lung function, acute COPD aggravation, and disease progression. The purpose of our study is to determine the influence of the coexistence of mild OSA on airway mucus hypersecretion. Clinical data and airway epithelial samples of 36 subjects were collected. The average fluorescence intensity of MUC5AC and the number of goblet cells were measured through immunofluorescence staining. MUC5AC expression was measured in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to normoxia, IH, particulate matter (PM), and PM + IH using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. FEV1% pred and FEV1/FVC were higher in patients with COPD-OSA overlap syndrome (OS) than in patients with COPD alone. Patients with OS had less sputum volume than patients with COPD alone. MUC5AC expression and the number of goblet cells in the airway epithelium in the COPD alone group were significantly higher than those in the OS groups. The PM + IH group had lower MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression in HBE cells than the PM group. The coexistence of mild OSA may reduce goblet cell proliferation and MUC5AC expression in the airway epithelium of patients with COPD. Mild IH inhibited PM-induced up-regulation of MUC5AC expression in the mRNA and protein levels in HBE cells.
Ultrafast photocurrents in MoSe2 probed by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Yagodkin Denis , Nádvorník Lukáş , Gueckstock Oliver , Gahl Cornelius , Kampfrath Tobias , Bolotin Kirill I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We use the terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy to study femtosecond photocurrent dynamics in the prototypical 2D semiconductor, transition metal dichalcogenide MoSe2. We identify several distinct mechanisms producing THz radiation in response to an ultrashort (30 fs) optical excitation in a bilayer (BL) and a multilayer (ML) sample. In the ML, the THz radiation is generated at a picosecond timescale by out-of-plane currents due to the drift of photoexcited charge carriers in the surface electric field. The BL emission is generated by an in-plane shift current. Finally, we observe oscillations at about 23 THz in the emission from the BL sample. We attribute the oscillations to quantum beats between two excitonic states with energetic separation of ∼100 meV.
The Raman band shift of suspended graphene impacted by the substrate edge and helium ion irradiation
Authors: Xie Wanyi , He Shixuan , Fang Shaoxi , Zhou Daming , Zhang Yongna , Liang Liyuan , Wang Liang , Wang Deqiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Non-through and through nanopores were introduced to study the Raman band shift of suspended graphene by the substrate edge and the helium ion beam irradiation during the fabrication of nanopore in graphene. Before the ion beam irradiation, there is a blue-shift in the G band and G’ band of suspended graphene on the micro-scale non-through and through holes edge because of the n-type mixing for suspended graphene from the translocation. After different doses of the helium ion irradiation, G’ band Raman of suspended graphene on through are blue-shift, and the G band positions are red-shift. Helium ion irradiation introduces n-type doping during the graphene nanopore fabrication. The observed Raman shifts help us to gain more intrinsic properties of the graphene nanopore. Thus, Raman spectroscopy can be used as a quantitative diagnostic tool to character graphene-based nanopore.
Are there really games in Utopia? A reinterpretation of Suits’s The Grasshopper
Authors: Erspamer Melanie , Ridge Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this essay we argue that there is a contradiction lurking at the heart of Bernard Suits's seminal book on the philosophy of games, The Grasshopper, which has oddly gone unnoticed for 43 years. Suits argues that games need inefficiency and defines inefficiency such that it wouldn't exist in Utopia. This trivially entails that there could be no games in Utopia, yet the whole normative point of The Grasshopper is that games would be the only worthwhileactivity in Utopia. We then diagnose Suits's error and suggest some ways forward.