bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inner Core and Its Libration Under Gravitational Equilibrium: Implications to Lower‐Mantle Density Anomaly
Authors: Shih S. A. , Chao B. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe inner core's (IC) axial torsional libration (ATL) is a manifestation of the mantle‐inner core gravitational rotational normal mode. Its natural period is critically determined by the interior sectoral quadrupole (of mass distribution of spherical‐harmonic degree 2 and order 2) belonging to the mantle plus the core‐mantle boundary. We derive the (multipole) formalism to calculate based on two physical postulations: (i) Postulation I that equates the observed 6‐year variation in Earth's length‐of‐day to ATL as laid out in Chao (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013515); (ii) Postulation II requiring that the shape of IC, thanks to its finite viscosity, conforms to the gravitational equipotential surface in the long term. being a complex value, its phase relation with ATL asserts that the major axis of the IC aligns with that of subject to the lowest‐energy state. The magnitude of thus evaluated by Earth parameters is (the two endmember values corresponding respectively to IC's nominal polar moment of inertia vs. the effective value under 100% tangent‐cylinder coupling). The corresponding equatorial elliptical shape of the IC under Postulation II has peak‐to‐peak topography of 75–164 m. The acquired can serve as source information for inversion on, among others, the density anomaly of the large low shear velocity provinces constructs in the lower mantle.
Comparing Streamflow Depletion Estimation Approaches in a Heavily Stressed, Conjunctively Managed Aquifer
Authors: Zipper Samuel C. , Gleeson Tom , Li Qiang , Kerr Ben 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEstimating reductions in streamflow caused by groundwater pumping (“streamflow depletion”) is critical for conjunctive groundwater‐surface water management. Streamflow depletion can be quantified using analytical models, which have low data requirements but many simplifying assumptions, or numerical models, which represent physical processes more realistically but have high data, effort, and expertise requirements. Analytical depletion functions are a new tool that address some of the limitations of analytical models, but to date have only been evaluated in limited hydrogeological settings. Here, we compare eight different analytical depletion functions to streamflow depletion estimates from a calibrated MODFLOW numerical model used for conjunctive water management in the heavily stressed Republican River region of the High Plains Aquifer (USA). We find mostly strong agreement between the analytical depletion functions and the numerical model, though analytical depletion function estimates of depletion are lower for wells close to surface water features in high transmissivity settings. Compared to previous work, there is little variability among the eight analytical depletion functions, indicating that function formulation plays a minor role in this domain. Agreement between the modeling approaches is strongly influenced by hydrostratigraphic parameters (i.e., aquifer storage and transmissivity), suggesting accurate subsurface data are essential to estimating streamflow depletion regardless of modeling approach. Additionally, agreement between the two approaches is insensitive to pumping rate, confirming a key assumption of analytical models. Overall, analytical depletion functions provide comparable estimates of streamflow depletion to numerical models at a fraction of the time and data requirements.
Imaging and certifying high-dimensional entanglement with a single-photon avalanche diode camera
Authors: Ndagano Bienvenu , Defienne Hugo , Lyons Ashley , Starshynov Ilya , Villa Federica , Tisa Simone , Faccio Daniele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpatial correlations between two photons are the key resource in realising many quantum imaging schemes. Measurement of the bi-photon correlation map is typically performed using single-point scanning detectors or single-photon cameras based on charged coupled device (CCD) technology. However, both approaches are limited in speed due to the slow scanning and the low frame rate of CCD-based cameras, resulting in data acquisition times on the order of many hours. Here, we employ a high frame rate, single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) camera, to measure the spatial joint probability distribution of a bi-photon state produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, with statistics taken over 107 frames. Through violation of an Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen criterion by 227 sigmas, we confirm the presence of spatial entanglement between our photon pairs. Furthermore, we certify, in just 140 s, an entanglement dimensionality of 48. Our work demonstrates the potential of SPAD cameras in the rapid characterisation of photonic entanglement, leading the way towards real-time quantum imaging and quantum information processing.
Improvement in fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty: a prospective multicentre study of 36,935 procedures from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Petersen Pelle Baggesgaard , Kehlet Henrik , Jørgensen Christoffer Calov ,   The Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Replacement Collaborative Group, Madsen Frank , Hansen Torben Bæk , Gromov Kirill , Laursen Mogens , Hansen Lars Tambour , Kjærsgaard-Andersen Per , Solgaard Soren , Krarup Niels Harry , Bagger Jens 
Published: December 2020

Abstract“Fast-track” protocols has improved surgical care with a reduction in length of hospital stay (LOS) in total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the effects of continuous refinement of perioperative care lack detailed assessment. We studied time-related changes in LOS and morbidity after THA and TKA within a collaboration with continuous scientific refinement of perioperative care. Prospective multicentre consecutive cohort study between 2010 and 2017 from nine high-volume orthopaedic centres with established fast-track THA and TKA protocols. Prospective collection of comorbidities and complete 90-day follow-up from the Danish National Patient Registry and medical records. Of 36,935 procedures median age was 69 [62 to 75] years and 58% women. LOS declined from three [two to three] days in 2010 to one [one to two] day in 2017. LOS > 4 days due to “medical” or “surgical” complications, and “with no recorded morbidity” declined from 4.4 to 2.7%, 1.5 to 0.6%, and 3.8 to 1.3%, respectively. 90-days readmission rate declined from 8.6 to 7.7%. Our multicentre study in a socialized healthcare setting was associated with a continuous reduction in LOS and morbidity after THA and TKA.
Loss of FOXF1 expression promotes human lung-resident mesenchymal stromal cell migration via ATX/LPA/LPA1 signaling axis
Authors: Cao Pengxiu , Walker Natalie M. , Braeuer Russell R. , Mazzoni-Putman Serina , Aoki Yoshiro , Misumi Keizo , Wheeler David S. , Vittal Ragini , Lama Vibha N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractForkhead box F1 (FOXF1) is a lung embryonic mesenchyme-associated transcription factor that demonstrates persistent expression into adulthood in mesenchymal stromal cells. However, its biologic function in human adult lung-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (LR-MSCs) remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that FOXF1 expression acts as a restraint on the migratory function of LR-MSCs via its role as a novel transcriptional repressor of autocrine motility-stimulating factor Autotaxin (ATX). Fibrotic human LR-MSCs demonstrated lower expression of FOXF1 mRNA and protein, compared to non-fibrotic controls. RNAi-mediated FOXF1 silencing in LR-MSCs was associated with upregulation of key genes regulating proliferation, migration, and inflammatory responses and significantly higher migration were confirmed in FOXF1-silenced LR-MSCs by Boyden chamber. ATX is a secreted lysophospholipase D largely responsible for extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production, and was among the top ten upregulated genes upon Affymetrix analysis. FOXF1-silenced LR-MSCs demonstrated increased ATX activity, while mFoxf1 overexpression diminished ATX expression and activity. The FOXF1 silencing-induced increase in LR-MSC migration was abrogated by genetic and pharmacologic targeting of ATX and LPA1 receptor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses identified three putative FOXF1 binding sites in the 1.5 kb ATX promoter which demonstrated transcriptional repression of ATX expression. Together these findings identify FOXF1 as a novel transcriptional repressor of ATX and demonstrate that loss of FOXF1 promotes LR-MSC migration via the ATX/LPA/LPA1 signaling axis.
Intensification and optimization of biodiesel production using microwave-assisted acid-organo catalyzed transesterification process
Authors: Athar Moina , Zaidi Sadaf , Hassan Saeikh Zaffar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo produce biodiesel cost-effective, low-cost, high free fatty acid (FFA) oil feedstock is desirable. But high FFA creates difficulty during the base-catalyzed transesterification process by yield loss due to the formation of soap. However, these problems are overcome by the use of an acid catalyst. The acid catalysts can directly convert both triglycerides and FFAs into biodiesel without the formation of soaps or emulsions. The shortcomings of mostly used inorganic acids are that they work well for esterification of FFA present in low-cost oil, but their kinetics for transesterification of triglycerides present in oils is considerably slower. Corrosion of equipment is another major problem associated with an inorganic acid catalyst. The usage of an organic acid catalyst of the alkyl benzene sulfonic type, like 4-dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) minimizes these disadvantages of inorganic acid-catalyzed transesterification. The aim of the present investigation was to reduce the reaction time of transesterification of triglycerides further by using microwaves as a heating source in the presence of DBSA catalyst to achieve higher conversions under mild operating conditions. To optimize the transesterification variables for the higher conversion of biodiesel, the response surface methodology was employed to design the experiment. By using the DBSA catalyst under microwave heating at a temperature of 76 °C, conversion close to 100% in only 30 min of reaction time was obtained using a 0.09 molar ratio of catalyst to oil and 9.0 molar ratio of methanol to oil. A modified polynomial model was developed and was adequately fitted with the experimental data and could be used for understanding the effect of various process parameters. The catalyst to oil molar ratio and reaction temperature created a stronger effect on the biodiesel production than that exhibited by the methanol to oil molar ratio. It was observed that the microwave heating process outperformed conventional heating, providing a rapid, easy method for biodiesel synthesis from triglycerides in the presence of DBSA, an organic acid catalyst. The produced biodiesel was of good quality, as all the properties were within the prescribed limits of the ASTM D6751 standard.
Bulk high-entropy nitrides and carbonitrides
Authors: Dippo Olivia F. , Mesgarzadeh Neda , Harrington Tyler J. , Schrader Grant D. , Vecchio Kenneth S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh-entropy ceramics have potential to improve the mechanical properties and high-temperature stability over traditional ceramics, and high entropy nitrides and carbonitrides (HENs and HECNs) are particularly attractive for high temperature and high hardness applications. The synthesis of 5 bulk HENs and 4 bulk HECNs forming single-phase materials is reported herein among 11 samples prepared. The hardness of HENs and HECNs increased by an average of 22% and 39%, respectively, over the rule-of-mixtures average of their monocarbide and mononitride precursors. Similarly, elastic modulus values increased by an average of 17% in nitrides and 31% in carbonitrides over their rule-of-mixtures values. The enhancement in mechanical properties is tied to an increase in the configurational entropy and a decrease in the valence electron concentration, providing parameters for tuning mechanical properties of high-entropy ceramics.
High-performance hybrid modeling chemical reactors using differential evolution based fuzzy inference system
Authors: Babanezhad Meisam , Behroyan Iman , Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Marjani Azam , Rezakazemi Mashallah , Shirazian Saeed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBubbly flow behavior simulation in two-phase chemical reactors such bubble column type reactors is widely employed for chemical industry purposes. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach has been employed by engineers and researchers for modeling these types of chemical reactors. In spite of the CFD robustness for simulating transport phenomena and chemical reactions in these reactors, this approach has been known as expensive for modeling such turbulent complex flows. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm of the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) are largely understood and utilized for the CFD approach optimization. In this hybrid approach, the CFD findings are learned by AI algorithms like ANFIS to save computational time and expenses. Once the pattern of the CFD results have been captured by the AI model, this hybrid model can be then used for process simulation and optimization. As such, there is no need for further simulations of new conditions. The objective of this paper is to obviate the need for expensive CFD computations for two-phase flows in chemical reactors via coupling CFD data to an AI algorithm, i.e., differential evolution based fuzzy inference system (DEFIS). To do so, air velocity as the output and the values of the x, and y coordinates, water velocity, and time step as the inputs are inputted the AI model for learning the flow pattern. The effects of cross over as the DE parameter and also the number of inputs on the best intelligence are investigated. Indeed, DEFIS correlates the air velocity to the nodes coordinates, time, and liquid velocity and then after the CFD modeling could be replaced with the simple correlation. For the first time, a comparison is made between the ANFIS and the DEFIS performances in terms of the prediction capability of the gas (air) velocity. The results released that both ANFIS and DEFIS could accurately predict the CFD pattern. The prediction times of both methods were obtained to be equal. However, the learning time of the DEFIS was fourfold of ANFIS.
Coiled-coil domain containing 50-V2 protein positively regulates neurite outgrowth
Authors: Min Ju-Sik , Halder Debasish , Yoon Ji-Yong , Jeon Su-Jin , Jun Soo Young , Lee Jae-Ran , Lee Jeong-Ju , Choi Min-Hyuk , Jung Cho-Rok , Lee DaYong , Kim Byoung-Joon , Kim Nam-Soon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe coiled-coil domain containing 50 (CCDC50) protein is a phosphotyrosine-dependent signalling protein stimulated by epidermal growth factor. It is highly expressed in neuronal cells in the central nervous system; however, the roles of CCDC50 in neuronal development are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the depletion of CCDC50-V2 impeded the neuronal development process, including arbor formation, spine density development, and axonal outgrowth, in primary neurons. Mechanistic studies revealed that CCDC50-V2 positively regulated the nerve growth factor receptor, while it downregulated the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Importantly, JNK/c-Jun activation was found to be induced by the CCDC50-V2 overexpression, in which the interaction between CCDC50-V2 and JNK2 was also observed. Overall, the present study demonstrates a novel mechanism of CCDC50 function in neuronal development and provides new insight into the link between CCDC50 function and the aetiology of neurological disorders.
MACE RNA sequencing analysis of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and papilloma using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue
Authors: Boneva Stefaniya , Schlecht Anja , Zhang Peipei , Boehringer Daniel , Lapp Thabo , Mittelviefhaus Hans , Reinhard Thomas , Auw-Haedrich Claudia , Schlunck Guenther , Wolf Julian , Lange Clemens 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent advances in the field of biomedical research allow for elucidation of the transcriptional signature of rare tumors such as conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study we compare its expression profile to conjunctival papilloma (Pap) and healthy conjunctival tissue (Ctrl) and develop a classification tool to differentiate these entities. Seven conjunctival SCC, seven Pap and ten Ctrl were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and analyzed using Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends (MACE) RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) and gene ontology (GO) clusters were explored and the abundance of involved cell types was quantified by xCell. Finally, a classification model was developed to distinguish SCC from Pap and Ctrl. Among the most prominent DEG in SCC a plethora of keratins were upregulated when compared to Pap and Ctrl. xCell analysis revealed an enrichment of immune cells, including activated dendritic cells and T-helper type 1 cells (Th1), in SCC when compared to Ctrl. The generated classification model could reliably discriminate between the three entities according to the expression pattern of 30 factors. This study provides a transcriptome-wide gene expression profile of rare conjunctival SCC. The analysis identifies distinct keratins, as well as dendritic and Th1 cells as important mediators in SCC. Finally, the provided gene expression classifier may become an aid to the conventional histological classification of conjunctival tumors in uncertain cases.
In vivo investigation of diode laser application on red complex bacteria in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a split-mouth randomised control trial
Authors: Mulder-van Staden Suné , Holmes Haly , Hille Jos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAssessment of the efficacy of a single 810 nm diode laser application as an adjunctive treatment modality during the first intervention of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NPT). 25 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis underwent a split-mouth randomised control trial. The periodontal pockets of the test quadrants were treated with an 810 nm diode laser as an adjunct to NPT (Picasso GaAlAs; AMD Lasers). The laser was set at 1.0 W continuous wave, 400 µm tip, 796 W/cm2peak power density and a 32 J/cm2energy density. Therapeutic outcomes were evaluated based on the clinical parameters, which included probing pocket depth, recession, clinical attachment level, full mouth plaque score, full mouth bleeding on probing and tooth mobility. The baseline bacterial collection was completed from the periodontal pockets and then re-evaluated at 6 weeks. Clinical parameters demonstrated no statistical difference, with the exception of a statistically significant (P < 0.05) reduction in bleeding on probing for the test side. The test side resulted in a statistical increase ofCapnocytophagaspeciesandTreponemadenticola. The single application of the diode laser did not significantly improve the bacterial nor the clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis.Trial registration number: PACTR201909915338276.
Selective nitrogen doping of graphene due to preferential healing of plasma-generated defects near grain boundaries
Authors: Robert Bigras G. , Glad X. , Vinchon P. , Martel R. , Stafford L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHyperspectral Raman IMAging (RIMA) is used to study spatially inhomogeneous polycrystalline monolayer graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition. Based on principal component analysis clustering, distinct regions are differentiated and probed after subsequent exposures to the late afterglow of a microwave nitrogen plasma at a reduced pressure of 6 Torr (800 Pa). The 90 × 90 µm2RIMA mapping shows differentiation between graphene domains (GDs), grain boundaries (GBs), as well as contaminants adsorbed over and under the graphene layer. Through an analysis of a few relevant band parameters, the mapping further provides a statistical assessment of damage, strain, and doping levels in plasma-treated graphene. It is found that GBs exhibit lower levels of damage and N-incorporation than GDs. The selectivity at GBs is ascribed to (i) a low migration barrier of C adatoms compared to N-adatoms and vacancies and (ii) an anisotropic transport of C adatoms along GBs, which enhances adatom-vacancy recombination at GBs. This preferential self-healing at GBs of plasma-induced damage ensures selective incorporation of N-dopants at plasma-generated defect sites within GDs. This surprising selectivity vanishes, however, as the graphene approaches an amorphous state.
Chemokine mediated signalling within arteries promotes vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment
Authors: Stratman Amber N. , Burns Margaret C. , Farrelly Olivia M. , Davis Andrew E. , Li Wenling , Pham Van N. , Castranova Daniel , Yano Joseph J. , Goddard Lauren M. , Nguyen Oliver , Galanternik Marina Venero , Bolan Timothy J. , Kahn Mark L. , Mukouyama Yoh-suke , Weinstein Brant M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe preferential accumulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) on arteries versus veins during early development is a well-described phenomenon, but the molecular pathways underlying this polarization are not well understood. In zebrafish, the cxcr4a receptor (mammalian CXCR4) and its ligand cxcl12b (mammalian CXCL12) are both preferentially expressed on arteries at time points consistent with the arrival and differentiation of the first vSMCs during vascular development. We show that autocrine cxcl12b/cxcr4 activity leads to increased production of the vSMC chemoattractant ligand pdgfb by endothelial cells in vitro and increased expression of pdgfb by arteries of zebrafish and mice in vivo. Additionally, we demonstrate that expression of the blood flow-regulated transcription factor klf2a in primitive veins negatively regulates cxcr4/cxcl12 and pdgfb expression, restricting vSMC recruitment to the arterial vasculature. Together, this signalling axis leads to the differential acquisition of vSMCs at sites where klf2a expression is low and both cxcr4a and pdgfb are co-expressed, i.e. arteries during early development.
Transfer learning efficiently maps bone marrow cell types from mouse to human using single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Stumpf Patrick S. , Du Xin , Imanishi Haruka , Kunisaki Yuya , Semba Yuichiro , Noble Timothy , Smith Rosanna C. G. , Rose-Zerili Matthew , West Jonathan J. , Oreffo Richard O. C. , Farrahi Katayoun , Niranjan Mahesan , Akashi Koichi , Arai Fumio , MacArthur Ben D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiomedical research often involves conducting experiments on model organisms in the anticipation that the biology learnt will transfer to humans. Previous comparative studies of mouse and human tissues were limited by the use of bulk-cell material. Here we show that transfer learning—the branch of machine learning that concerns passing information from one domain to another—can be used to efficiently map bone marrow biology between species, using data obtained from single-cell RNA sequencing. We first trained a multiclass logistic regression model to recognize different cell types in mouse bone marrow achieving equivalent performance to more complex artificial neural networks. Furthermore, it was able to identify individual human bone marrow cells with 83% overall accuracy. However, some human cell types were not easily identified, indicating important differences in biology. When re-training the mouse classifier using data from human, less than 10 human cells of a given type were needed to accurately learn its representation. In some cases, human cell identities could be inferred directly from the mouse classifier via zero-shot learning. These results show how simple machine learning models can be used to reconstruct complex biology from limited data, with broad implications for biomedical research.