bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind‐Driven Evolution of the North Pacific Subpolar Gyre Over the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Gray William R. , Wills Robert C. J. , Rae James W. B. , Burke Andrea , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Roberts William H. G. , Ferreira David , Valdes Paul J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNorth Pacific atmospheric and oceanic circulations are key missing pieces in our understanding of the reorganization of the global climate system since the Last Glacial Maximum. Here, using a basin‐wide compilation of planktic foraminiferal δ18O, we show that the North Pacific subpolar gyre extended ~3° further south during the Last Glacial Maximum, consistent with sea surface temperature and productivity proxy data. Climate models indicate that the expansion of the subpolar gyre was associated with a substantial gyre strengthening, and that these gyre circulation changes were driven by a southward shift of the midlatitude westerlies and increased wind stress from the polar easterlies. Using single‐forcing model runs, we show that these atmospheric circulation changes are a nonlinear response to ice sheet topography/albedo and CO2. Our reconstruction indicates that the gyre boundary (and thus westerly winds) began to migrate northward at ~16.5 ka, driving changes in ocean heat transport, biogeochemistry, and North American hydroclimate.
Magnetotail Reconnection at Jupiter: A Survey of Juno Magnetic Field Observations
Authors: Vogt Marissa F. , Connerney John E.P. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Wilson Rob J. , Thomsen Michelle F. , Ebert Robert W. , Clark George B. , Paranicas Christopher , Kurth William S. , Allegrini Frédéric , Valek Phil W. , Bolton Scott J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAt Jupiter, tail reconnection is thought to be driven by an internal mass loading and release process called the Vasyliunas cycle. Galileo data have shown hundreds of reconnection events occurring in Jupiter's magnetotail. Here we present a survey of reconnection events observed by Juno during its first 16 orbits of Jupiter (July 2016–October 2018). The events are identified using Juno magnetic field data, which facilitates comparison to the Vogt et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015098) survey of reconnection events from Galileo magnetometer data, but we present data from Juno's other particle and fields instruments for context. We searched for field dipolarizations or reversals and found 232 reconnection events in the Juno data, most of which featured an increase in |Bθ|, the magnetic field meridional component, by a factor of 3 over background values. We found that most properties of the Juno reconnection events, like their spatial distribution and duration, are comparable to Galileo, including the presence of a ~3‐day quasi‐periodicity in the recurrence of Juno tail reconnection events and in Juno JEDI, JADE, and Waves data. However, unlike with Galileo we were unable to clearly define a statistical x‐line separating planetward and tailward Juno events. A preliminary analysis of plasma velocities during five magnetic field reconnection events showed that the events were accompanied by fast radial flows, confirming our interpretation of these magnetic signatures as reconnection events. We anticipate that a future survey covering other Juno datasets will provide additional insight into the nature of tail reconnection at Jupiter.
Pore Structure Changes Occur During CO2 Injection into Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Seyyedi Mojtaba , Mahmud Hisham Khaled Ben , Verrall Michael , Giwelli Ausama , Esteban Lionel , Ghasemiziarani Mohsen , Clennell Ben 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObservations and modeling studies have shown that during CO2 injection into underground carbonate reservoirs, the dissolution of CO2 into formation water forms acidic brine, leading to fluid-rock interactions that can significantly impact the hydraulic properties of the host formation. However, the impacts of these interactions on the pore structure and macroscopic flow properties of host rock are poorly characterized both for the near-wellbore region and deeper into the reservoir. Little attention has been given to the influence of pressure drop from the near-wellbore region to reservoir body on disturbing the ionic equilibrium in the CO2-saturated brine and consequent mineral precipitation. In this paper, we present the results of a novel experimental procedure designed to address these issues in carbonate reservoirs. We injected CO2-saturated brine into a composite core made of two matching grainstone carbonate core plugs with a tight disk placed between them to create a pressure profile of around 250 psi resembling that prevailing in reservoirs during CO2 injection. We investigated the impacts of fluid-rock interactions at pore and continuum scale using medical X-ray CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscopy. We found that strong calcite dissolution occurs near to the injection point, which leads to an increase in primary intergranular porosity and permeability of the near injection region, and ultimately to wormhole formation. The strong heterogeneous dissolution of calcite grains leads to the formation of intra-granular micro-pores. At later stages of the dissolution, the internal regions of ooids become accessible to the carbonated brine, leading to the formation of moldic porosity. At distances far from the injection point, we observed minimal or no change in pore structure, pore roughness, pore populations, and rock hydraulic properties. The pressure drop of 250 psi slightly disturbed the chemical equilibrium of the system, which led to minor precipitation of sub-micron sized calcite crystals but due to the large pore throats of the rock, these deposits had no measurable impact on rock permeability. The trial illustrates that the new procedure is valuable for investigating fluid-rock interactions by reproducing the geochemical consequences of relatively steep pore pressure gradients during CO2 injection.
Delivering Crocetin across the Blood-Brain Barrier by Using γ-Cyclodextrin to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wong Ka Hong , Xie Yuning , Huang Xiao , Kadota Kazunori , Yao Xin-Sheng , Yu Yang , Chen Xiaoyu , Lu Aiping , Yang Zhijun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCrocetin (CRT) has shown various neuroprotective effects such as antioxidant activities and the inhibition of amyloid β fibril formation, and thus is a potential therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, poor water solubility and bioavailability are the major obstacles in formulation development and pharmaceutical applications of CRT. In this study, a novel water-soluble CRT-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex suitable for intravenous injection was developed. The inclusion complex was nontoxic to normal neuroblastoma cells (N2a cells and SH-SY5Y cells) and AD model cells (7PA2 cells). Furthermore, it showed stronger ability to downregulate the expression of C-terminus fragments and level of amyloid β in 7PA2 cell line as compared to the CRT free drug. Both inclusion complex and CRT were able to prevent SH-SY5Y cell death from H2O2-induced toxicity. The pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies showed that CRT-γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex significantly increased the bioavailability of CRT and facilitated CRT crossing the blood-brain barrier to enter the brain. This data shows a water-soluble γ-cyclodextrin inclusion complex helped to deliver CRT across the blood-brain barrier. This success should fuel further pharmaceutical research on CRT in the treatment for AD, and it should engender research on γ-cyclodextrin with other drugs that have so far not been explored.
Identification of a molecular marker associated with lignotuber in Eucalyptus ssp
Authors: Bortoloto Tânia M. , Fuchs-Ferraz Maria C. P. , Kettener Karine , Martins Rubio Lígia , González Esteban R. , de Souza Izabel C. G. , Oda Shinitiro , Rossini Bruno C. , Marino Celso L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAbout 95% ofEucalyptusspecies present an organ known as a lignotuber, a basal woody swelling that holds a large number of dormant buds in a protected position along with carbohydrates and other nutrients. The importance of this trait inEucalyptusspecies relates to its regenerative capacity, particularly in the context of coppicing practices and survival in regions of high abiotic stress, especially fire. In this study, we identified and characterized a genomic region associated with the lignotuber trait in commercially importantEucalyptusspecies by developing a polymorphic marker that co-segregates with lignotuber presence. The marker was then converted into a SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker, validated in four otherEucalyptusspecies and hybrids and analyzedin silico. Our investigation presents a marker (ELig) that is effective in identifying individuals with lignotuber.In silicoand Southern blot analyses show that the marker is present in a single copy region and is related to auxilin/cyclin-G associated kinase, containing a DnaJ domain. TheELigmarker is an important tool that can be used to manage crosses inEucalyptusbreeding programs and inform studies involving lignotuber development and genetics.
Wirksamkeit der Montmorency-Sauerkirsche bei sportlicher Aktivität
Authors: Vlachojannis Julia , Weber Christian , Zimmermann Benno F. , Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel der Untersuchung war es, die Evidenz der Wirksamkeit von Zubereitungen aus Prunus cerasus unter Berücksichtigung der Studienqualität und des untersuchten Wirkstoffs upzudaten. Nach einer Literaturrecherche wurden 19 randomisierte Doppelblindstudien in die Auswertung eingeschlossen. Die Daten-Extraktion und Beurteilung der Wirksamkeitsevidenz erfolgte wie zuvor beschrieben. Wahrscheinlich wurden alle 19 Studien mit Montmorency-Sauerkirschprodukten durchgeführt; der Anthocyangehalt der Produkte variierte. Vier Studien mit konfirmatorischem Studiendesign hatten unterschiedliche Zielkriterien. Drei exploratorische Studien guter Qualität unterstützten nicht die positiven Ergebnisse von drei der konfirmatorischen Studien. Etwa zwei Drittel der Studien geringer Qualität wiesen auf eine Überlegenheit der Montmorency-Produkte gegenüber Placebo hin. Die Evidenz der Wirksamkeit wird daher gegenwärtig als „mäßig” eingestuft.
Stratification of Breast Cancer Risk in Terms of the Influence of Age and Mammographic density
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Heindel Walter , Dietz Caroline , Meyer-Johann Ulrike , Graewingholt Axel , Hense Hans Werner 
Published: February 2020

Purpose Analysis of the influence of the singular risk factors age and breast density on the 2-year incidence of breast cancer among participants in the German mammography screening program.
Materials and Methods The multicenter study includes 111 456 subsequent round digital mammographic screening examinations from four screening units with prospective visual categorization of breast density. Based on detection in screening and during the 2-year interval after negative screening participation (interval cancers), 2-year breast cancer incidences (2 YBCI) (‰) were calculated in the 5-year age groups (5 YAG) of the target group 50–69 years and in the BI-RADS density categories ACR 1–4. Multivariate statistical evaluations were carried out using logistic regression models.
Results With an increase in the 5 YAG, the 2 YBCI increased by 5.0 ‰, 6.7 ‰, 8.5 ‰ to 9.7 ‰, and was significantly different among 55–59, 60–64 and 65–69-year-old women compared to the youngest reference group 50–54 years (odds ratio (OR): 1.34; 1.68; and 1.93; p-value < 0.0001). With an increase in density categories 1–4, the 2 YBCI increased from 2.6 ‰, to 5.8 ‰, 9.6 ‰, and 9.7 ‰. The 2 YBCI differed significantly in breast density categories 2, 3, 4 from reference group 1 (OR: 2.17; 3.65; and 3.76; p-value < 0.0001). Only within the two main breast density groups 2 (frequency 44.3 %) and 3 (44.7 %), a significant increase in the 2 YBCI was observed across the 5 YAG (category 2: 3.7–8.9 ‰; category 3: 5.8–11.7 ‰; p-value < 0.001 each). The 2 YBCI was above the median of 7.5 ‰ in women with breast density category 2 and aged 65–69 years, as well as in women with breast density categories 3 and 4 aged 55–69 years. A 2 YBCI below the median was seen in women between 50–54 years regardless of breast density, as well as women in category 1 in all age groups.
Conclusion Within the main breast density categories 2 and 3 (almost 90 % of participants), incidences increase with age to double. A consistently low incidence is found regardless of breast density at a young screening age and in women with the lowest breast density.
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Imaging Features of Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Dong Yi , Wang Wen-Ping , Mao Feng , Zhang Qi , Yang Daohui , Tannapfel Andrea , Meloni Maria Franca , Neye Holger , Clevert Dirk-André , Dietrich Christoph F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (f-HCC) is a rare primary liver tumor. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of histologically proven f-HCC in comparison to benign focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).
Materials & Methods 16 patients with histologically proven f-HCC lesions and 30 patients with FNH lesions were retrospectively reviewed regarding CEUS features to determine the malignant or benign nature of the focal liver lesions (FLL). Five radiologists assessed the CEUS enhancement pattern and came to a consensus using the EFSUMB (European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology) guideline criteria.
Results Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma manifested as a single and huge FLL. On CEUS, f-HCC showed heterogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase and hypoenhancement (16/16, 100 %) in the portal venous and late phases (PVLP) as a sign of malignancy. In contrast to the hypoenhancement of f-HCC in the PVLP, all patients with FNH showed hyperenhancement as the most distinctive feature (P < 0.01). 8 f-HCC lesions showed a central scar as an unenhanced area (8/16, 50.0 %), which could also be detected in 53.3 % (16/30) of FNH lesions (P > 0.05).
Conclusion By analyzing the hypoenhancement in the PVLP, CEUS imaging reliably diagnosed f-HCC as a malignant FLL. CEUS also showed differentiation between f-HCC and FNH lesions, showing similar non-enhanced central scars, whereas f-HCC lesions showed peripheral hyperenhancement in the arterial phase and early washout in the PVLP.
Unique Complications of Venous Anastomotic Couplers: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Wu Gerald J. , Loewenstein Scott N. , Mailey Brian A. , Sasor Sarah , Cook Julia , Hassanein Aladdin H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Anastomotic couplers expedite venous microvascular anastomoses and have been established as an equivalent alternative to hand-sewn anastomoses. However, complications unique to the coupler such as palpability and extrusion can occur. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess complications distinct to the venous anastomotic coupler.
Methods A Medline, PubMed, EBSCO host search of articles involving anastomotic venous couplers was performed. Studies involving arterial anastomotic couplers, end-to-side anastomoses, and reviews were excluded. Data points of interest were flap failure, venous thrombosis, hematoma, partial flap necrosis, infection, coupler extrusion, and coupler palpability.
Results The search identified 165 articles; 41 of these met inclusion criteria. A total of 8,246 patients underwent 8,955 venous-coupled anastomoses. Combined reoperation rate was 3.3% and all-cause unsalvageable flap failure was 1.0%. Complications requiring reoperation included venous thrombosis (2.0%), hematoma (0.4%), partial flap necrosis (0.4%), and infection (0.3%). Eight patients had palpable couplers and 11 patients had extrusion of couplers (head/neck, hand, and feet) and required operative management.
Conclusion Venous couplers remain an equivalent alternative to conventional hand-sewn anastomosis. However, venous coupler extrusion and palpability in the late postoperative period is a complication unique to anastomotic couplers, particularly in radiated head and neck, feet and hand free flaps. Removing extruded venous couplers is safe after tissue integration 3 weeks postoperatively. Coupler palpability and extrusion should be integrated into preoperative patient counseling and assessed in follow-up examinations.
Using tellability to analyze entrepreneurial narratives in the classroom
Authors: Wang Longlong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA comprehensive theoretical review suggests that tellability can be used to understand life stories, how stories are constructed, the social context shaping storytelling, and how stories function as a mode of thought. However, the complex and multi-dimensional nature of tellability has been overlooked. This study analyzes one Chinese teacher’s storytelling of six entrepreneurs’ stories as an example, aiming to demonstrate that tellability is structurally embedded within an entire story. Interpreting the stories with reference to the classroom setting reveals that entrepreneurial narratives are tellable because they institutionalize culturally salient values and beliefs about entrepreneurship, they are pedagogically meaningful, and they provide an epistemological tool for listeners to constitute their future reality. This paper argues that an analysis on tellability, informed by multiple theories and recognizant of its structural, social, ontological and epistemological nature, is effective to understand teachers’ storytelling in classrooms and unpack the meanings of stories in more detail.
Embedded sacrificial AlAs segments in GaAs nanowires for substrate reuse
Authors: Jafari Jam R , Beech Jason P , Zeng Xulu , Johansson Jonas , Samuelson Lars , Pettersson Håkan , Borgström Magnus T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report on the use of a sacrificial AlAs segment to enable substrate reuse for nanowire synthesis. A silicon nitride template was deposited on a p-type GaAs substrate. Then a pattern was transferred to the substrate by nanoimprint lithography and reactive ion etching. Thermal evaporation was used to define Au seed particles. Metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy was used to grow AlAs–GaAs NWs in the vapour–liquid–solid growth mode. The yield of synthesised nanowires, compared to the number expected from the patterned template, was more than 80%. After growth, the nanowires were embedded in a polymer and mechanically removed from the parent substrate. The parent substrate was then immersed in an HCl:H2O (1:1) mixture to dissolve the remaining stub of the sacrificial AlAs segment. The pattern fidelity was preserved after peeling off the nanowires and cleaning, and the semiconductor surface was flat and ready for reuse. Au seed particles were then deposited on the substrate by use of pulse electrodeposition, which was selective to the openings in the growth template, and then nanowires were regrown. The yield of regrowth was less optimal compared to the first growth but the pattern was preserved. Our results show a promising approach to reduce the final cost of III–V nanowire based solar cells.
Molecular/Cytogenetic Education for Hematopathology Fellows
Authors: Beck Rose C , Kim Annette S , Goswami Rashmi S , Weinberg Olga K , Yeung Cecilia C S , Ewalt Mark D 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesAt a discussion on molecular/cytogenetic education for hematopathology fellows at the 2018 Society for Hematopathology Program Directors Meeting, consensus was that fellows should understand basic principles and indications for and limitations of molecular/cytogenetic testing used in routine practice. Fellows should also be adept at integrating results of such testing for rendering a final diagnosis. To aid these consensus goals, representatives from the Society for Hematopathology and the Association for Molecular Pathology formed a working group to devise a molecular/cytogenetic curriculum for hematopathology fellow education.Curriculum SummaryThe curriculum includes a primer on cytogenetics and molecular techniques. The bulk of the curriculum reviews the molecular pathology of individual malignant hematologic disorders, with applicable molecular/cytogenetic testing for each and following the 2017 World Health Organization classification of hematologic neoplasms. Benign hematologic disorders and bone marrow failure syndromes are also discussed briefly. Extensive tables are used to summarize genetics of individual disorders and appropriate methodologies.ConclusionsThis curriculum provides an overview of the current understanding of the molecular biology of hematologic disorders and appropriate ancillary testing for their evaluation. The curriculum may be used by program directors for training hematopathology fellows or by practicing hematopathologists.
Eco-geographical determinants of the evolution of ornamentation in vipers
Authors: Pizzigalli Cristian , Banfi Federico , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Falaschi Mattia , Mangiacotti Marco , Sacchi Roberto , Zuffi Marco A L , Scali Stefano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the variation of dorsal patterns observed in snakes, but no studies yet have tested them over broad taxonomic and geographical scales. The Viperidae offer a powerful model group to test eco-evolutionary processes that lead to disruptive and cryptic ornaments. We developed a database reporting dorsal ornamentation, ecological habitus, habitat features and climatic parameters for 257 out of 341 recognized species. Three patterns of dorsal ornamentation were considered: “zig-zag”, “blotchy” and “uniform” patterns. Phylogenetic comparative analyses were based on 11 mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Forty-eight species presented a zig-zag pattern type, 224 a blotchy pattern type and 32 a uniform pattern type. All the patterns showed a strong phylogenetic signal. Character phylogenetic reconstruction analyses suggested an ancestral state for blotchy ornamentation, with multiple independent evolutions of the other patterns. The blotchy pattern was more frequent in terrestrial species living in warm climates and sandy habitats, supporting the hypothesis of a disruptive function. The zig-zag pattern evolved independently in several isolated taxa, particularly in species living in cold climates and in dense vegetation or water-related habitats, supporting the hypothesis of disruptive and aposematic functions. Uniform coloration was particularly frequent in arboreal species, supporting the hypothesis of a cryptic function.