bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Wheel Exercise on Functional Indices of Cachexia in Tumor-bearing Mice
Authors: VANDERVEEN BRANDON N. , FIX DENNIS K. , COUNTS BRITTANY R. , CARSON JAMES A. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cancer-related fatigue and muscle wasting have received significant attention over the last few decades with the goal of establishing interventions that can improve cancer patient life quality and survival. Increased physical activity has shown to reduce cancer-associated fatigue and has been proposed as a promising therapeutic to attenuate cancer-induced wasting. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how physical activity affects the compositional and functional changes that initiate muscle wasting. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of wheel exercise on body composition and functional indices of cancer cachexia before the development of significant wasting.

Methods
Thirteen-week-old male ApcMin/+
(MIN) and C57BL/6 (B6) mice were given free wheel access (W) or a locked wheel (Sed) for 5 wk.

Results
Wheel activity was reduced in the MIN compared with B6; however, wheel access increased complex II expression in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria regardless of genotype. Wheel access had no effect on tumor burden or plasma interleukin-6 in the MIN. MIN-W increased body weight and lean mass compared with MIN-Sed, and there was a direct correlation between wheel distance and lean mass change. MIN-W increased grip strength and treadmill time to fatigue compared with MIN-Sed. Within MIN-W mice, skeletal muscle fatigability was only improved in high runners (>60 min·d−1).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that there were therapeutic benefits of increased activity related to body composition, behavior, and whole-body function that were not dependent on exercise duration; however, there was an exercise threshold needed to improve skeletal muscle fatigability in tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, wheel access was able to improve compositional and functional outcomes without mitigating tumor number or size.
Power of Words: Influence of Preexercise Information on Hypoalgesia after Exercise—Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: VAEGTER HENRIK BJARKE , THINGGAARD PETER , MADSEN CASPER HØJ , HASENBRING MONIKA , THORLUND JONAS BLOCH 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Exercise increases pressure pain thresholds (PPT) in pain-free individuals, known as exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). Positive preexercise information can elicit higher EIH responses, but the effect of positive versus negative preexercise information on EIH is unknown. The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare EIH at the exercising thigh muscle after an isometric squat exercise between individuals receiving positive versus negative preexercise information about the effect of exercise on pain. Secondary aims were to compare EIH at nonexercising muscles between groups, and to investigate the relationship between participants’ expectations and EIH.

Methods
Eighty-three participants were randomly assigned to brief positive (n = 28), neutral (n = 28) or negative (n = 27) verbal information. The neutral information group was included in the study as a reference group. Pressure pain thresholds at the thigh and trapezius muscles were assessed before and after the intervention (i.e., preexercise information+squat exercise). Expectations of pain relief were assessed using a numerical rating scale (−10 [most negative] to 10 [most positive]).

Results
Change in quadriceps and trapezius PPT after the squat exercise showed a large difference between the positive and negative information groups (quadriceps, 102 kPa; 95% confidence interval, 55–150; effect size, 1.2; trapezius, 41 kPa; 95% confidence interval, 16–65; effect size:, 0.9). The positive information group had a 22% increase in quadriceps PPT whereas the negative information group had a 4% decrease. A positive correlation was found between expectations and increase in PPT.

Conclusions
Negative preexercise information caused hyperalgesia after the wall squat exercise, whereas positive or neutral preexercise information caused hypoalgesia. Positive preexercise information did not change the magnitude of EIH compared with neutral information.
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue Alters Cycling Performance and Locomotor Muscle Fatigue
Authors: FULTON TIMOTHY J. , BARANAUSKAS MARISSA N. , PARIS HUNTER L. , KOCEJA DAVID M. , MICKLEBOROUGH TIMOTHY D. , CHAPMAN ROBERT F. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine if preexisting respiratory muscle fatigue (RMF) alters motoneuronal output, locomotor muscle fatigue, and cycling performance.

Methods
Eight trained male cyclists performed 5-km cycling time trials after a resistive breathing task that induced RMF and under control conditions (CON). Motoneuronal output was estimated using vastus lateralis surface electromyography, and locomotor muscle fatigue was quantified as the change in potentiated quadriceps twitch force from preexercise to postexercise.

Results
Time to complete the time trial was 1.9% ± 0.9% longer in RMF compared with CON (P < 0.001). Estimated motoneuronal output was lower in RMF compared with CON during 1 km (45% ± 11% vs 53% ± 13%, P = 0.004) and 2 km (45% ± 14% vs 51% ± 14%, P = 0.008), but was not different thereafter. Ventilation was lower in RMF compared with CON during 1 km (114 ± 19 vs 135 ± 24 L·min−1, P = 0.003) and 2 km (136 ± 23 vs 152 ± 31 L·min−1, P = 0.009); however, ratings of dyspnea were similar. After the 5-km time trial, locomotor muscle fatigue was attenuated in RMF compared with CON (−22% ± 6%, vs −28% ± 7%, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Alterations to dyspnea for a given ventilation seem to have constrained power output during cycling exercise, thereby limiting the development of locomotor muscle fatigue. These findings indicate that the respiratory system is an integral component in a global feedback loop that regulates exercise performance and the development of locomotor muscle fatigue.
Taxonomy and distribution of diatoms on the Turkish Mediterranean Coast, Dalyan (Muğla)
Authors: KALELI MUHAMMET AYDIN , KOCIOLEK JOHN PATRICK , SOLAK CÜNEYT NADIR 
Published: May 2020

Diatoms are one of the components in the littoral zone and the most productive in terms of O2 production and primary production. Despite their importance in these coastal ecosystems, the diatoms of littoral zones of Turkish coastlines have been understudied. In this report, we document the littoral diatoms from Dalyan Iztuzu Beach at the southeast coasts of Aegean Sea. Samples were collected from 6 stations in Dalyan Beach between 2012 and 2016. We report here on the occurrence of 9 genera including, Catenula Mereschkowsky, Cymatosira Grunow, Dimeregramma Ralfs, Diplomenora Blazé, Eunotogramma Weisse, Meloneis Louvrou, Danielidis & Economou-Amilli, Neohuttonia Kuntze, Plagiogramma Greville and Tetramphora Mereschkowsky, as well as 40 taxa as newly-recorded from Turkey. The newly-recorded diatoms are characterized in terms of their morphology and illustrated with light micrographs. For each species, their habitat and geographic distribution along the coasts are discussed.
Effect of a lateral square-mesh panel on the catch pattern and catch efficiency in a Mediterranean bottom trawl fishery
Authors: BONANOMI SARA , BRČIĆ JURE , HERRMANN BENT , NOTTI EMILIO , COLOMBELLI ALESSANDRO , MORO FABRIZIO , PULCINELLA JACOPO , SALA ANTONELLO 
Published: May 2020

The current legal codends used in Mediterranean bottom trawl fisheries are at high risk of retaining undersized individuals of several commercial fish species. This entails that codends alone are unable to provide the desired exploitation pattern. A simple technological measure that potentially can provide higher release efficiency of undersized fish are Square-Mesh Panels (SMPs). SMPs are often applied in the upper section of the trawl belly, just ahead the codend. However, recent studies in the Mediterranean have demonstrated that SMPs mounted in this position provided limited release efficiency, because very few fish came into contact with their meshes. In attempt to improve SMPs efficiency in the Mediterranean bottom trawl fisheries, we applied them on the lateral sides of the last tapered section of the trawl belly, just ahead of the codend, and fitted two guiding panels in the trawl belly to enhance fish-SMP contact. We compared the catch performance of a standard commercial trawl with a 52 mm diamond-mesh codend and of a similar trawl fitted with lateral SMPs (70 mm mesh size) in the belly using a twin trawl. The study focused on red mullet (Mullus barbatus), a commercially important species, but data for gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna and Chelidonichthys cuculus) were also obtained and analysed. In contrast to previous research on SMPs mounted in the top panel of the trawl, in this study SMPs induced a significant effect on catch performance for red mullet, demonstrating that their lateral position involved greater fish-SMP contact. However, since the test trawl lost a significant amount of legal-sized red mullet compared with the standard trawl, the effect was not wholly positive, possibly due to an excessively large mesh size. Therefore, future studies should be encouraged to test lateral SMPs with smaller mesh sizes.
Occurrence of Didemnum perlucidum Monniot F., 1983 on artificial substrates along the Mediterranean coast of Israel
Authors: NOVAK LION , SHENKAR NOA 
Published: May 2020

Introductions of non-indigenous ascidian species are highly common nowadays due to their ability to establish successfully on artificial substrates. Didemnid species are of particular concern because of their rapid a-sexual growth and high fecundity. The colonial ascidian Didemnum perlucidum Monniot F., 1983 was first described from Guadeloupe Island in the Caribbean, although its native range remains unknown. To date, it has been recorded from numerous sites across the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Here, having employed both classic taxonomy and genetic tools to verify its identification, we document for the first time its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea – on two artificial substrates along the Israeli coast. The ability of D. pelucidum to establish reproductive populations despite the harsh environmental conditions of this region, with temperature fluctuations between 16-31°C and a salinity of 38-39 ppt, raises concern regarding this species’ potential for introductions at numerous sites across the Mediterranean.
Measuring the effects of exercise in neuromuscular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Stefanetti Renae J. , Blain Alasdair , Jimenez-Moreno Cecilia , Errington Linda , Ng Yi Shiau , McFarland Robert , Turnbull Doug M. , Newman Jane , Gorman Gráinne S 
Published: May 2020

Background:The benefit and safety of exercise training for patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) has long been a contentious topic. This is, in part, due to recognised challenges associated with rare diseases including small and heterogenous patient populations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interventional exercise and establish minimal clinically important differences (MCID) in outcomes to facilitate clinical interpretation.Methods:We searched six databases from inception to Mar 2018. Aerobic, strength, and combined (aerobic and strength) intervention were eligible. Meta-analyses compared outcomes at baseline with those after at least six weeks (before-after exercise within individuals). A further meta-analysis compared outcomes before-after exercise between groups (exercise training versus usual care). Disease heterogeneity was explored using a random effect model. This study was registered (PROSPERO, CRD42018102183). An interactive database was developed to facilitate full interrogations of data.Results:We identified 130 articles describing 1,805 participants with 35 different forms of NMD. Of these studies, 76 were suitable for meta-analyses. Within group and between group meta-analyses detected an increase in peak aerobic capacity (p=0·04), and peak power (p=0·01). Six-minute walk test (p=0·04), sit-to-stand (STS) (repetitions) (p=0·03), STS (seconds) (p=0·04), rise from supine (p=0·008), SF-36 (p=0·0003), fatigue severity (p=<0·0001), citrate synthase (p=0·0002), central nuclei (p=0·04), type 1 (p=0·002) and type II muscle fibre area (p=0·003), were only able to detect change within group meta-analyses. SubstantialI2statistic heterogeneity was revealed for STS (seconds) (I²=58·5%; p=0·04) and citrate synthase (I²=70·90%; p=0·002), otherwise heterogeneity for all outcomes was low. No study-related serious adverse events were reported nor significant increases in creatine kinase.Conclusions:Exercise training in patients with NMDs appears to cause no harm across a range of outcomes. With the emergence of new therapeutic strategies, defining MCID is vital in informing future clinical trial design.
POR UMA HISTÓRIA CULTURAL DA CARTOGRAFIA
Authors: Jacob Christian 
Published: May 2020

Teoria não é um objetivo em si, mas sim um meio de enriquecer a história da cartografia conforme se estimulam novas questões e objetivos e pesquisa. Neste artigo, introduzem-se os conceitos de “mapas transparentes” (portadores de uma imagem da realidade externa do mundo) e “mapas opacos”. A noção é abordada estruturalmente (padrões de representação gráfica, desenho, geometria, texto); por meio da sociologia do mapa (criadores de mapas, instituições, o público); e mediante a observação de mapas em seus contextos culturais e históricos (uma abordagem que levanta questões acerca das fronteiras definidoras da história da cartografia e que é provavelmente uma das mais estimulantes perspectivas hoje em dia, tal como encorajada particularmente por aqueles que contribuem para o projeto “History of Cartography”). Finalmente, atenção especial é dedicada a três importantes tópicos para a pauta de pesquisa: os vínculos entre mapas e cultura; mapas enquanto uma linguagem de comunicação e enquanto instrumentos de poder; e os vínculos entre percepção, lógica e mnemônica.
DARIA A MINHA VIDA A QUEM ME DESSE O TEMPO: PENSANDO O CORPO DA NEGRA E MULHER NO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO E ESCOLAR
Authors: Martins Aline Correia 
Published: May 2020

O artigo tem o objetivo de pensar o corpo da mulher negra no espaço público e como este corpo é afetado e afeta este espaço. Pensando nas questões sobre feminismo negro. Trazendo as experiências pessoais não para marcar a experência de um individuo,mas para pensar a relação de corpos marcados pela cor preta em espaços públicos na sociedade brasileira.
Digital all-sky polarization imaging of the total solar eclipse on 21 August 2017 in Rexburg, Idaho, USA
Authors: Eshelman Laura M. , Jan Tauc Martin , Hashimoto Taiga , Gillis Kendra , Weiss William , Stanley Bryan , Hooser Preston , Shaw Glenn E. , Shaw Joseph A. 
Published: May 2020

All-sky polarization images were measured from sunrise to sunset and during a cloud-free totality on 21 August 2017 in Rexburg, Idaho using two digital three-camera all-sky polarimeters and a time-sequential liquid-crystal-based all-sky polarimeter. Twenty-five polarimetric images were recorded during totality, revealing a highly dynamic evolution of the distribution of skylight polarization, with the degree of linear polarization becoming nearly zenith-symmetric by the end of totality. The surrounding environment was characterized with an infrared cloud imager that confirmed the complete absence of clouds during totality, an AERONET solar radiometer that measured aerosol properties, a portable weather station, and a hand-held spectrometer with satellite images that measured surface reflectance at and near the observation site. These observations confirm that previously observed totality patterns are general and not unique to those specific eclipses. The high temporal image resolution revealed a transition of a neutral point from the zenith in totality to the normal Babinet point just above the Sun after third contact, providing the first indication that the transition between totality and normal daytime polarization patterns occurs over of a time period of approximately 13 s.
Low-noise octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a multimode chalcogenide fiber
Authors: Eslami Zahra , Ryczkowski Piotr , Salmela Lauri , Genty Goëry 
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate the generation of a low-noise, octave-spanning mid-infrared supercontinuum from 1700 to 4800 nm by injecting femtosecond pulses into the normal dispersion regime of a multimode step-index chalcogenide fiber with 100 µm core diameter. We conduct a systematic study of the intensity noise across the supercontinuum spectrum and show that the initial fluctuations of the pump laser are at most amplified by a factor of three. We also perform a comparison with the noise characteristics of an octave-spanning supercontinuum generated in the anomalous dispersion regime of a multimode fluoride fiber with similar core size and show that the normal dispersion supercontinuum in the multimode chalcogenide fiber has superior noise characteristics. Our results open up novel perspectives for many practical applications such as long-distance remote sensing where high power and low noise are paramount.
Combined compression-tension strain sensor over 1  µε–20  mε by using non-uniform multiple-core-offset fiber
Authors: Fan Huibo , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi 
Published: May 2020

Combined compression-tension strain sensors with a range of 1 micro to a maximum of 20 milli-strain based on non-uniform multiple-core-offset fibers have been realized. A large strain range with high resolution is ideal for monitoring deformation of steel structures where a large compressive and tensile strain co-exists. Thanks to core-offset splicing of non-uniform fiber segments, unique asymmetric waveguides reduce the degeneracy of each section, realizing a reflection spectrum with a large range and irregular shape. Furthermore, enhanced multi-mode interference induced from high-order modes in silica cladding and air results in the large strain range with high resolution in both compression and tension regions. The sensitivity of 7.93 pm/µ

ε

with a strain step of 1.7 µ

ε

is achieved for micro-strain measurement. For milli-strain measurement, a strain coefficient of 1.298 nm/m

ε

over a tensile strain of 13.2 m

ε

is realized; in the compressive strain case, a coefficient of

−

1.251

n
m

/

m

ε

over compression of 20.1 m

ε

is observed.
Recensão: A GUERRA DAS ESCRITAS. LITERATURA, NAÇÃO E TEORIA PÓS-COLONIAL EM MOÇAMBIQUE — MARIA BENEDITA BASTO — O ENTRELAÇAR DAS VOZES MESTIÇAS. ANÁLISE DAS POÉTICAS DA ALTERIDADE NA FICÇÃO DE ÉDOUARD GLISSANT E MIA COUTO — CELINA MARTINS
Authors: Pires Laranjeira José Luís 
Published: May 2020

Recensão crítica de MARIA BENEDITA BASTO. A GUERRA DAS ESCRITAS. LITERATURA, NAÇÃO E TEORIA PÓS-COLONIAL EM MOÇAMBIQUE. Lisboa, Vendaval, 2006. 318 páginas. ISBN: 9789728984038.
Recensão crítica de CELINA MARTINS. O ENTRELAÇAR DAS VOZES MESTIÇAS. ANÁLISE DAS POÉTICAS DA ALTERIDADE NA FICÇÃO DE ÉDOUARD GLISSANT E MIA COUTO. Lisboa, Principia, 2006. 432 páginas. ISBN: 9789728818715.
POÉSIE NUMÉRIQUE: DU CYBERTEXTE AUX FORMES PROGRAMÉES
Authors: Bootz Philippe 
Published: May 2020

Cet article insiste tout d’abord sur l’importance que prennent les concepts de technotexte et d’intermedia en poésie contemporaine. Le rôle de l’ordinateur est alors envisagé dans ce cadre. On montre que le medium numérique instaure une nouvelle situation de communication en redéfinissant le rôle du lecteur. Cette situation est examinée dans le cadre d’un nouveau modèle dénommé «modèle procédural de la communication». Deux particularités du médium numérique décrites dans ce modèle, à savoir le fossé sémiotique et la capacité processuelle, permettent d’introduire une nouvelle catégorie de signes, les signes performatifs, ainsi que de nouveaux niveaux esthétiques qui présentent des propriétés spécifiques de lisibilité. Il est alors nécessaire de prendre en compte une nouvelle fonction de la réception, la méta-lecture, pour expliquer l’intentionnalité esthétique de ces niveaux. On en conclut qu’il est alors intéressant d’explorer le concept de formes programmées pour aborder ces niveaux.
OS PERSONAGENS E A CIDADE EM ASAS DO DESEJO DE WIM WENDERS
Authors: Silva Camila Gonzatto da 
Published: May 2020

Este texto analisa a construção dos personagens protagonistas do filme Asas do Desejo, de Wim Wenders, em relação com a cidade – Berlim. No filme, todos os personagens, não apenas os protagonistas, são apresentados intrinsecamente ligados à cidade, por ela são caracterizados ao mesmo tempo em que a caracterizam. Berlim, no filme, é mais do que plano de fundo. Sua história pulsa viva nas ruas e pensamentos dos personagens.
Essas relações entre personagens e cidade são explorados no roteiro, nos diálogos e pensamentos dos personagens, mas também nas escolhas de direção: movimentos de câmera, a mistura de cor e preto e branco, nos planos e no ritmo da montagem.
Nas margens do liberalismo: voto, cidadania e constituição no Brasil (1821-1824)
Authors: Das Neves Lucia Maria Bastos Pereira 
Published: May 2020

Este artigo analisa alguns matizes da linguagem do liberalismo presentes nos discursos políticos na época da criação do Império do Brasil, entre 1821-1824. Para tal, escolheram-se três atos fundamentais do cotidiano político: o voto, a definição da cidadania e a Constituição. Como fontes, utilizaram-se principalmente periódicos e panfletos. Os objetivos foram identificar os distintos argumentos e percepções que indivíduos da época possuíam sobre a política naquele momento e avaliar até que ponto o novo Império ingressara naquilo que em geral se denomina de política moderna.
Ferri Coll, José M.ª, Rubio Cremades, Enrique, y Thion Soriano-Mollá, Dolores (eds.), Azorín. La invención de la literatura nacional. Madrid: Iberoamericana Editorial, 2019
Authors: López Viñas Maila 
Published: May 2020

Reseña de: Ferri Coll, José M.ª, Rubio Cremades, Enrique, y Thion Soriano-Mollá, Dolores (eds.), Azorín. La invención de la literatura nacional. Madrid: Iberoamericana Editorial, 2019, ISBN:978-84-9192-081-6, 384 pp.
"Agua nueva": notas sobre sostenibilidad de la economía circular
Authors: Cansi Francine , Cruz Paulo Márcio 
Published: May 2020

La adopción de un enfoque de economía circular para la gestión de aguas superficiales y/o subterráneas permite a los sectores y agentes mundiales encargados del agua lograr suministros seguros, sostenibles y de calidad para el futuro. La economía circular ha surgido como una herramienta y un marco que alinea los resultados económicos y ambientales. Dado esto, el presente estudio busca comprender la reutilización del agua bajo el prisma de la economía circular e investiga las oportunidades y los riesgos en el desempeño durante esa transición. Es un análisis cuyo método utilizado en la fase de investigación es el inductivo; en la fase de procesamiento de datos, el cartesiano, y en el informe, se emplea el método deductivo-inductivo. El argumento económico para adoptar enfoques circulares en la gestión de aguas subterráneas queda demostrado por el beneficio potencial de sus principios rectores, que retienen más valor en productos, componentes y materiales, manteniéndolos en uso por más tiempo y proyectando el tratamiento de los desechos desde el principio. La economía circular acontece, por tanto, como herramienta para alcanzar la sostenibilidad.