bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Upper Extremity Function in Women With and Women Without a History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Fisher Mary Insana , Capilouto Gilson , Malone Terry , Bush Heather , Uhl Timothy L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer treatments often result in upper extremity functional limitations in both the short and long term. Current evidence makes comparisons against a baseline or contralateral limb, but does not consider changes in function associated with aging.

Objective
The objective of this study was to compare upper extremity function between women treated for breast cancer more than 12 months in the past and women without cancer.

Design
This was an observational cross-sectional study.

Methods
Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and had a mean post–surgical treatment time of 51 months (range = 12–336 months) were compared with women who did not have breast cancer (CTRL group). Self-reported upper extremity function using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and shoulder range of motion, strength, and muscular endurance were measured. Participants were divided into 3 groups: breast cancer involving the nondominant limb (BC-ND), breast cancer involving the dominant limb (BC-DOM), and CTRL.

Results
A total of 59 women in the CTRL group, 23 women in the BC-ND group, and 28 women in the BC-DOM group completed measures. Mean DASH scores in women with breast cancer were higher than those of women in the CTRL group, regardless of the limb on which cancer occurred (Cohen d = 1.13; 95% CI = 2.20 to 16.21) Range of motion for the BC-ND group was significantly less for flexion (Cohen d = 1.19, 95% CI = −13.08 to −0.11) and external rotation (Cohen d = 1.11, 95% CI = −18.62 to −1.98) compared with the CTRL group. Strength in the BC-ND group was 23% to 25% lower in the CTRL group for external (Cohen’s d = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.09 to 0.12) and internal rotation (Cohen d = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.13). Endurance was not significantly different in the 3 groups.

Limitations
Some participants had rehabilitation, which may have skewed results. The range of post–surgical treatment times was broad, making it difficult to determine when function returned. Muscular endurance measures demonstrated a ceiling effect and large variance, limiting the ability to distinguish differences among participants. These results may not be generalizable to the subset of women who were treated with lumpectomy, sentinel node biopsy, or chest wall radiation alone or who underwent a contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.

Conclusion
In the long term, women with breast cancer have lower self-reported shoulder function than women without breast cancer. Motion and strength are lower among women who have experienced cancer on the nondominant limb.
Industry Structure and the Strategic Provision of Trade Credit by Upstream Firms
Authors: Lehar Alfred , Song Victor Y , Yuan Lasheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Trade credit can serve as a collusion mechanism for competing supply chains to increase producer surplus in medium concentrated industries. We analyze theoretically how this form of financing influences retailers’ behavior in the product market, study incentives to deviate, and show evidence consistent with the model’s predictions. Trade credit use is inversely U shaped in industry concentration, and this pattern is more pronounced in industries more prone to collusion and when incentives to deviate are smaller.
Transfer ofXanthomonas campestrispv.arecaeandX. campestrispv.musacearumtoX. vasicola(Vauterin) asX. vasicolapv.arecaecomb. nov. andX. vasicolapv.musacearumcomb. nov. and Description ofX. vasicolapv.vasculorumpv. nov.
Authors: Studholme David J. , Wicker Emmanuel , Abrare Sadik Muzemil , Aspin Andrew , Bogdanove Adam , Broders Kirk , Dubrow Zoe , Grant Murray , Jones Jeffrey B. , Karamura Georgina , Lang Jillian , Leach Jan , Mahuku George , Nakato Gloria Valentine , Coutinho Teresa , Smith Julian , Bull Carolee T. 
Published: January 2020

We present an amended description of the bacterial species Xanthomonas vasicola to include the causative agent of banana Xanthomonas wilt, as well as strains that cause disease on Areca palm, Tripsacum grass, sugarcane, and maize. Genome-sequence data reveal that these strains all share more than 98% average nucleotide with each other and with the type strain. Our analyses and proposals should help to resolve the taxonomic confusion that surrounds some of these pathogens and help to prevent future use of invalid names.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
How complementary feeding in infants affects allergies, chronic disease, and neurodevelopment
Authors: Duffy Diane M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Recommendations for the timing and type of complementary foods to introduce to infants have recently changed. These changes are due to increased understanding of how these foods affect the development of food allergies, risk for obesity and other chronic diseases, and infant neurodevelopment. This article brings the current recommendations and recent research together and organizes them for clinicians in pediatrics to enable them to understand and convey this information to parents of infants.
Ropivacaine and Ketorolac Wound Infusion for Post–Cesarean Delivery Analgesia
Authors: Barney Emily Z. , Pedro Christina D. , Gamez Brock H. , Fuller Matthew E. , Dominguez Jennifer E. , Habib Ashraf S. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the efficacy of wound infusion with ropivacaine plus ketorolac compared with placebo for post–cesarean delivery analgesia in women who received a multimodal analgesic regimen including intrathecal morphine.

METHODS:
In a randomized double-blind study, women undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery under spinal or combined spinal epidural anesthesia were randomized to wound infusion with ropivacaine 0.2% plus ketorolac, or saline placebo using an elastometric pump for 48 hours. The primary outcome was pain score with movement at 24 hours after surgery (0–10 scale, 0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain). Secondary outcomes included pain scores at rest at 24 hours, pain scores at rest and with movement at 2 and 48 hours, opioid consumption, and time to first rescue analgesic. A sample size of 35 per group (n=70) was planned.

RESULTS:
From November 8, 2016, to May 17, 2019, 247 women were screened, and 71 completed the study per protocol: 38 in the placebo group and 33 in the ropivacaine plus ketorolac group. Patient demographics and intraoperative characteristics were comparable between the groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in the primary outcome of pain score with movement at 24 hours (difference in median score 0, 95% CI −1 to 2, P=.94). There were also no significant differences between the placebo and ropivacaine plus ketorolac groups in pain scores at other time points, in total opioid consumption (difference in median consumption −12.5 mg, 95% CI −30 to 5, P=.11), or in time to rescue analgesics (median [interquartile range] 660 [9–1,496] vs 954 [244–1,710] minutes, hazard ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.17, P=.16).

CONCLUSION:
There was no benefit of wound infusion with ropivacaine and ketorolac in women who received intrathecal morphine and a multimodal analgesic regimen.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02829944.

FUNDING SOURCE:
The study was supported in part by Avanos Medical Inc.
Perineorrhaphy Compared With Pelvic Floor Muscle Therapy in Women With Late Consequences of a Poorly Healed Second-Degree Perineal Tear
Authors: Bergman Ida , Westergren Söderberg Marie , Ek Marion 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate outcomes after pelvic floor muscle therapy, as compared with perineorrhaphy and distal posterior colporrhaphy, in the treatment of women with a poorly healed second-degree obstetric injury diagnosed at least 6 months postpartum.

METHODS:
We performed a single center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. After informed consent, patients with a poorly healed second-degree perineal tear at minimum 6 months postpartum were randomized to either surgery or physical therapy. The primary outcome was treatment success, as defined by Patient Global Impression of Improvement, at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory, the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Assuming a 60% treatment success in the surgery group and 20% in the physical therapy group, plus anticipating a 20% loss to follow-up, a total of 70 patients needed to be recruited.

RESULTS:
From October 2015 to June 2018, 70 of 109 eligible patients were randomized, half into surgery and half into tutored pelvic floor muscle therapy. The median age of the study group was 35 years, and the median duration postpartum at enrollment in the study was 10 months. There were three dropouts in the surgery group postrandomization. In an intention-to-treat analysis, with worst case imputation of missing outcomes, subjective global improvement was reported by 25 of 35 patients (71%) in the surgery group compared with 4 of 35 patients (11%) in the physical therapy group (treatment effect in percentage points 60% [95% CI 42–78%], odds ratio 19 [95% CI 5–69]). The surgery group was superior to physical therapy regarding all secondary endpoints.

CONCLUSION:
Surgical treatment is effective and superior to pelvic floor muscle training in relieving symptoms related to a poorly healed second-degree perineal tear in women presenting at least 6 months postpartum.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02545218.
Critical Care Bed Capacity in Asian Countries and Regions
Authors: Phua Jason , Faruq Mohammad Omar , Kulkarni Atul P. , Redjeki Ike Sri , Detleuxay Khamsay , Mendsaikhan Naranpurev , Sann Kyi Kyi , Shrestha Babu Raja , Hashmi Madiha , Palo Jose Emmanuel M. , Haniffa Rashan , Wang Chunting , Hashemian Seyed Mohammad Reza , Konkayev Aidos , Mat Nor Mohd Basri , Patjanasoontorn Boonsong , Nafees Khalid Mahmood Khan , Ling Lowell , Nishimura Masaji , Al Bahrani Maher Jaffer , Arabi Yaseen M. , Lim Chae-Man , Fang Wen-Feng ,   for the Asian Analysis of Bed Capacity in Critical Care (ABC) Study Investigators, and the Asian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To assess the number of adult critical care beds in Asian countries and regions in relation to population size.

Design:
Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting:
Twenty-three Asian countries and regions, covering 92.1% of the continent’s population.

Participants:
Ten low-income and lower-middle–income economies, five upper-middle–income economies, and eight high-income economies according to the World Bank classification.

Interventions:
Data closest to 2017 on critical care beds, including ICU and intermediate care unit beds, were obtained through multiple means, including government sources, national critical care societies, colleges, or registries, personal contacts, and extrapolation of data.

Measurements and Main Results:
Cumulatively, there were 3.6 critical care beds per 100,000 population. The median number of critical care beds per 100,000 population per country and region was significantly lower in low- and lower-middle–income economies (2.3; interquartile range, 1.4–2.7) than in upper-middle–income economies (4.6; interquartile range, 3.5–15.9) and high-income economies (12.3; interquartile range, 8.1–20.8) (p = 0.001), with a large variation even across countries and regions of the same World Bank income classification. This number was independently predicted by the World Bank income classification on multivariable analysis, and significantly correlated with the number of acute hospital beds per 100,000 population (r
2 = 0.19; p = 0.047), the universal health coverage service coverage index (r
2 = 0.35; p = 0.003), and the Human Development Index (r
2 = 0.40; p = 0.001) on univariable analysis.

Conclusions:
Critical care bed capacity varies widely across Asia and is significantly lower in low- and lower-middle–income than in upper-middle–income and high-income countries and regions.
Single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal repair of a cesarean scar defect: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Yong-Li , Wang Guo-Cheng , Qu Jun-Jie , Du Gui-Qiang , Zhou Wei-Qiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
The incidence of uterine cesarean scar defect (niche) is high, and some patients require surgery. Single-port laparoscopy can reduce post-operative pain, and provide better cosmetic effects. This study was performed to evaluate the safety and superiority of single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal repair of uterine cesarean scar defect (niche) in women after cesarean section.

Methods:
This study included 74 patients who were diagnosed with uterine cesarean niche at the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from January 2013 to June 2015. Thirty-seven patients underwent single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal surgery as the case group, and the remaining patients underwent vaginal repair surgery as the control group. We collected data from the inpatient and follow-up medical records. The clinical characteristics of these two groups were compared. The odds ratios and 95% confidential intervals were calculated for each variable by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:
Patients who underwent single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal repair had a significantly longer operation time (2.3 [2.0–2.7] vs. 2.0 [1.6–2.3] h, P = 0.015), shorter gas passage time (1.2 [1.0–1.5] vs. 1.7 [1.0–2.0] days, P = 0.012), shorter hospital stay (3.1 [3.0–4.0] vs. 4.5 [4.0–6.0] days, P = 0.019), and fewer complications (0 vs. 4 cases). Univariate analysis showed that depth of the niche (P = 0.021) the mild adhesiolysis score (P = 0.035) and moderate adhesiolysis score (P = 0.013) were associated with the bladder injury. Multivariate analysis showed that the moderate adhesiolysis score (P = 0.029; 95% confidence interval, 1.318–3.526) was the strongest independent predictor of bladder injury.

Conclusion:
This study confirmed the safety and superiority of single-port laparoscopy-assisted vaginal repair of uterine cesarean scars.
Cardiovascular Risk and Safety Evaluation of a Dual Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-Alpha/Gamma Agonist, Aleglitazar, in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Han Chun-Liu , Qu Chang-Zhi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract:
This study evaluates the cardiovascular risk and safety of a dual peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα&γ), aleglitazar, for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Studies were identified after a literature search in electronic databases and included in the meta-analysis according to eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses of mean differences in the changes from the baseline or odds ratios of selected indices between the aleglitazar- and the placebo/comparator-treated participants were performed. Seven studies {11,832 individuals; age 59.3 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 56.4–61.9]; body mass index 30.8 kg/m2 [95% CI 30.1–31.7]; sex, 54% males [44–64]} were included. In comparison with the placebo or pioglitazone, the aleglitazar treatment significantly improved %HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-chol), and triglycerides. Aleglitazar also significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose and apolipoprotein B compared with the placebo. However, compared with the placebo or pioglitazone, aleglitazar significantly increased serum creatinine levels and significantly decreased the estimated glomerular filtration rate. In addition, the aleglitazar treatment was associated with a significantly increased body weight. Incidence of hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, bone fractures, heart failure, cardiovascular death, and malignancy was higher in the aleglitazar group. Despite efficacy in glycemic and lipidic control, the aleglitazar treatment was associated with a poor safety profile.
VARIX OF A VORTEX VEIN AMPULLA INDUCED BY NODULAR SCLERITIS
Authors: Cabral Diogo , Nogueira Vanda 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To describe a patient with a painful red-eye syndrome and a choroidal mass lesion that was diagnosed after multimodal imaging with a vortex vein ampulla varix induced by a nodular posterior scleritis.

Methods:
Retrospective case report documented with fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, b-mode ultrasound, fundus imaging, and swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Results:
A 24-year-old man presented with a painful red eye and sudden onset blurred vision. Fundus exam disclosed macular choroidal folds and a nonpigmented mass lesion at the inferior equator. Swept-source optical coherence tomography showed enlarged choroidal vessels with fluid in the suprachoroidal space under the central macula and a hyporeflective lobulated choroidal cavity in the inferior temporal retina. Multimodal imaging with contrast dyes showed a dilated vortex vein ampulla with early hyperfluorescence and a complete washout in late acquisitions on indocyanine green. The patient recovered uneventfully after a short-course administration of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disclosing irregular scleral nodules on swept-source optical coherence tomography that remained stable over a twelve-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
This report suggests that nodular posterior scleritis can induce a vortex vein ampulla varix and contributes to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this entity. We further suggest that in a diagnostic puzzling scenario the inflammatory syndrome should be treated before attempting to perform a chorioretinal biopsy.
Toward a new definition of glaucomatous optic neuropathy for clinical research
Authors: Iyer Jayant , Vianna Jayme R. , Chauhan Balwantray C. , Quigley Harry A. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
A process is ongoing to produce a definition of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) using quantitative, objective data from structural and functional tests. At present, a common practice is to define GON by subjective features said to be ‘characteristic’ as judged by those experienced in glaucoma care.

Recent findings
An objective definition would standardize the comparison of clinical research results across studies, without precluding simultaneous use of idiosyncratic definitions in the same reports. To achieve this goal, expert opinion was solicited to reach optimal agreement on one or more consensus, GON definitions. An interactive period of online discussion by 176 international experts led to 110 responses in an online survey that narrowed possible definitional structures into testable criteria.

Summary
Two approaches to validation of one or more sets of criteria for definite and possible GON are ongoing. The general principles include definition for each eye individually, inclusion of a borderline category, no intraocular pressure criterion, and both structural and functional defects in appropriate physical locations. Each validation approach uses clinician diagnosis as a standard against which objective criteria are compared, with the initial approach using a three-level categorical scale, and the second approach using 0--100 scaling.
Mechanistic pain profiling in young adolescents with patellofemoral pain before and after treatment: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Holden Sinéad , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Thorborg Kristian , Holmich Per , Graven-Nielsen Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common complaint among young sports active adolescents. This study evaluated the longitudinal changes in pronociceptive and antinociceptive mechanisms in young adolescents with PFP, their impact on prognosis, and responsiveness to treatment. Adolescents (N = 151, aged 10-14 years) diagnosed with PFP were compared with age-matched controls (N = 50) and subsequently tracked while participating in an intervention focussed on activity modification. They underwent quantitative sensory testing at baseline (preintervention), 4 weeks (during initial treatment), and 12 weeks (after treatment). Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were recorded on the knee, shin, and elbow. Temporal summation of pain (TSP) was assessed by the increase in pain intensity during 10 repeated cuff pressure pain stimulations on the leg. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was defined as change in cuff pain thresholds on one leg, during painful cuff conditioning on the contralateral leg. At baseline, adolescents with PFP had decreased PPTs at the knee, shin, and elbow (P < 0.001) as well as more facilitated TSP (P < 0.05) compared with controls. For CPM at baseline, controls displayed an increase in cuff pain thresholds during conditioning (P < 0.05), while those with PFP did not. More facilitated baseline TSP was associated with less improvements in pain intensity during the intervention (P < 0.01). Pressure pain thresholds increased at both follow-ups (P < 0.001), and the increased PPTs were associated with decreases in pain intensity (r = 0.316; P < 0.001). Overall, TSP remained facilitated at follow-ups, and there was no change in CPM. This is the first study to demonstrate a pronociceptive mechanism as a prognostic factor in young adolescents with PFP.
An unbiased and efficient assessment of excitability of sensory neurons for analgesic drug discovery
Authors: Mohammed Zainab A. , Kaloyanova Katerina , Nassar Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Alleviating chronic pain is challenging, due to lack of drugs that effectively inhibit nociceptors without off-target effects on motor or central neurons. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) contain nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons. Drug screening on cultured DRG neurons, rather than cell lines, allows for the identification of drugs most potent on nociceptors with no effects on non-nociceptors (as a proxy for unwanted side effects on central nervous system and motor neurons). However, screening using DRG neurons is currently a low-throughput process, and there is a need for assays to speed this process for analgesic drug discovery. We previously showed that veratridine elicits distinct response profiles in sensory neurons. Here, we show evidence that a veratridine-based calcium assay allows for an unbiased and efficient assessment of a drug effect on nociceptors (targeted neurons) and non-nociceptors (nontargeted neurons). We confirmed the link between the oscillatory profile and nociceptors, and the slow-decay profile and non-nociceptors using 3 transgenic mouse lines of known pain phenotypes. We used the assay to show that blockers for Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 channels, which are validated targets for analgesics, affect non-nociceptors at concentrations needed to effectively inhibit nociceptors. However, a combination of low doses of both blockers had an additive effect on nociceptors without a significant effect on non-nociceptors, indicating that the assay can also be used to screen for combinations of existing or novel drugs for the greatest selective inhibition of nociceptors.