bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
МОВНА КАРТИНА СВІТУ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВИВЧЕННЯ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ В МЕДИЧНИХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ
Authors: Drach I. D. , Mykolenko A. Z. , Tyshkovets M. P. 
Published: March 2020

У статті розглянуто поняття мовної картини світу та концептуальної картини світу як компонентів лінгводидактики. На сучасному етапі розвитку методики викладання іноземної мови та результатів її засвоєння провідним визначається прагматичний підхід, який передбачає набуття певних компетенцій – конкретних мовленнєвих навичок, які дають змогу виконувати чіткі дії. Водночас на практиці вивчення іноземних мов не може обмежитися ні граматикою та лексикою, ні прикладними вміннями, тому доводиться говорити про необхідність формування «вторинної мовної особистості». Цей рівень передбачає оволодіння фоновими знаннями типового представника певної картини світу, мова якого вивчається і забезпечується формуванням соціокультурної орієнтованості – однією з обов’язкових складових успішного вивчення мови. Комунікативно достатній рівень оволодіння іноземною мовою досягається лише в результаті набуття, принаймні на початковому рівні, здатності сприймати навколишнє середовище крізь призму представників іншомовного соціуму. Ця навичка є необхідною також під час вивчення прикладних та фундаментальних дисциплін, проходження навчальної практики в іншій країні.
Концептуальна картина світу традиційно розглядається як подібна для більшості людей і глибша за змістом, ніж мовна картина світу, що пов’язано з обмеженими можливостями мови у вираженні власних думок. Водночас структура мови визначає структуру мислення та спосіб сприйняття навколишнього світу. Тісна взаємодія мови і культури на заняттях з української мови як іноземної, іноземної мови для українських студентів може розглядатися в рамках лінгвокраїнознавчого підходу.
Аналіз понять концептуальної та мовної картин світу показав, що урахування соціокультурної нетотожності у сприйнятті світу може реалізуватися шляхом використання лінгвокультурознавчого підходу, який передбачає ряд визначених критеріїв підбору навчального матеріалу та використання методик, які не лише констатують, але вводять у контекст.
ДИДАКТИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ВИКЛАДАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ ФІЗИКИ У ВИЩОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ
Authors: Palasiuk B. M. 
Published: March 2020

Важливою складовою базової підготовки майбутнього медика залишається медична та біологічна фізика, оскільки саме у процесі вивчення цього предмета здійснюється розвиток природничо-наукового мислення студентів. Медична фізика вивчається на першому курсі вищого медичного закладу. На початку вивчення матеріалу студенти повинні володіти фундаментальними теоріями з фізики, які розглядалися у середніх навчальних закладах. Сформована у них наукова та фізична картина світу за шкільні роки під час вивчення природничих наук у виші лише розширюється та поглиблюється. Таким чином реалізується принцип наступності вивчення фізики у системі неперервної освіти. Специфіка дидактичного підходу до вивчення фізики в медичному університеті значною мірою зумовлена тим, що для спеціаліста-фізика основним є фізична суть явищ природи, а для фахівця-медика об’єктом дослідження є людина. Для фахівців медичної галузі фізика виступає як фундаментальна природничо-наукова дисципліна, і для них головним є вміння використовувати знання фізики при розв’язанні фахових проблем. Викладачі кафедри підготували нову навчально-методичну літературу для дисциплін, які викладаються на кафедрі. У нових навчальних посібниках приділено багато уваги практичному аспекту можливого використання набутих знань у майбутній діяльності лікаря, відображено останні досягнення фізичної науки в галузі медичної діагностики та лікування. Однією з форм проведення практичних занять на кафедрі є використання елементів проблемного навчання. Створення проблемних ситуацій активізує пізнавальну діяльність студентів на занятті. У професійній діяльності лікаря важливу роль відіграє вміння правильно діагностувати захворювання. В основі більшості діагностичних методів лежать фізичні закони, теорії, наукові факти, а також фізичні властивості об’єктів і закономірності перебігу фізичних явищ, тому виникає необхідність навчати майбутнього лікаря діагностичної діяльності уже на етапі вивчення медичної фізики. У цьому аспекті застосовуємо компетентнісний підхід, у рамках якого закладаються основи діагностичних компетенцій.
ІСТОРИКО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНЕ ПІДҐРУНТЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІКАРІВ В УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ США
Authors: Mukan N. V. , Blavt O. Z. 
Published: March 2020

У статті проаналізовано праці американських науковців ХХ – початку ХХІ ст., які стосуються проблем розвитку медичної освіти в США. Доведено необхідність систематизації педагогічної інформації для узагальнення наявного теоретичного досвіду в контексті медичної освіти. Узагальнено положення масштабного аналітичного дослідження медичної освіти в США та Канаді, яке отримало назву Звіту Флекснера і стало підґрунтям докорінних реформ американської медичної освіти. Проаналізовано сучасні наукові дослідження, спрямовані на вдосконалення системи підготовки лікарів у США. На основі проаналізованих праць зроблено висновки про вектор сучасної педагогічної науки в США в контексті медичної освіти. Встановлено, що до основних питань, які розглянуто у фундаментальних педагогічних дослідженнях американської медичної освіти, належать проблеми якості підготовки фахівців, конкурентоспроможних на ринку праці, впровадження більш досконалих стандартів навчання лікарів, механізми оцінки якості медичної освіти.
Abstract P219: The Vast Majority of People Who Eat “Gluten Free” for IBS, Celiac, or Autoimmune Disease Have Markers of Leaky Gut That Resolve When “Gluten Free” Foods Containing Lectins, Like Corn, Other Grains, Beans, and Nightshades are Removed From Their Diet
Authors: Gundry Steven R 
Published: March 2020

Initial evaluation of pts referred with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Celiac, and/or autoimmune diseases includes Celiac HLA genetics, Celiac IgA and IgG markers, and autoimmune markers. Most patients are self described as eating a gluten free diet. Increasingly, and with more affordable tests being made available, we have started to use a battery of tests for leaky gut, wheat, corn, lectin, dairy, and egg proteins reactivity/sensitivity from Vibrant Wellness (San Carlos, Ca) called Zoomers.
Leaky gut was determined by Anti-Zonulin IgG and IgA, Anti-Actin IgG and IgA; Wheat sensitivity panels included Transglutaminase, Wheat Germ Agglutinin, Gliadin, Glutenin, and Non-gluten wheat protein IgG and IgA panels. All corn proteins, including the wheat-corn epitope overlap and the GMO Cry proteins IgG and IgA, as well as IgG and IgA reactions to major lectins and aquaporins in beans, squash, spinach, nightshades, corn, and to protein components of dairy and eggs.
We now report results on the first 50 patients, ages 7-76, M:F ratio 1:1, who, following these initial tests, started the lectin limited diet, The Plant Paradox.

Results:
100% of pts were positive for leaky gut (50/50). Forty nine of 50 (98%) were reactive to more than one component of wheat, although only 35/50 (70%) where positive for HLA gluten genes. Seventy percent of pts (35/50) were sensitive to the corn-wheat cross reaction epitope, while 31/50 (62%) reacted to the GMO cry corn protein. Forty nine of 50 (98%) reacted to one or more bean lectins, while 38/50 (76%) reacted to one or more aquaporins in soy, spinach, corn, potatoes, bell peppers. While sensitivities to dairy and egg proteins did occur, they were rare compared to the above proteins.

Retesting has been done in 11 of 50 pts, 2 to 9 months following the first test. Resolution of leaky gut occurred in 10/11 (91%), and reactivity to all wheat proteins as measured by IgG and IgA disappeared, indicating tolerance.
We conclude that most patients following a gluten free diet still have leaky gut with both gluten and wheat antibodies, all of which resolve when a lectin free diet is followed.
Turbulence Adjustment and Scaling in an Offshore Convective Internal Boundary Layer: A CASPER Case Study
Authors: Jiang Qingfang , Wang Qing , Wang Shouping , Gaberšek Saša 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe characteristics of a convective internal boundary layer (CIBL) documented offshore during the East Coast phase of the Coupled Air–Sea Processes and Electromagnetic Ducting Research (CASPER-EAST) field campaign has been examined using field observations, a coupled mesoscale model (i.e., Navy’s COAMPS) simulation, and a couple of surface-layer-resolving large-eddy simulations (LESs). The Lagrangian modeling approach has been adopted with the LES domain being advected from a cool and rough land surface to a warmer and smoother sea surface by the mean offshore winds in the CIBL. The surface fluxes from the LES control run are in reasonable agreement with field observations, and the general CIBL characteristics are consistent with previous studies. According to the LESs, in the nearshore adjustment zone (i.e., fetch < 8 km), the low-level winds and surface friction velocity increase rapidly, and the mean wind profile and vertical velocity skewness in the surface layer deviate substantially from the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) scaling. Farther offshore, the nondimensional vertical wind shear and scalar gradients and higher-order moments are consistent with the MOST scaling. An elevated turbulent layer is present immediately below the CIBL top, associated with the vertical wind shear across the CIBL top inversion. Episodic shear instability events occur with a time scale between 10 and 30 min, leading to the formation of elevated maxima in turbulence kinetic energy and momentum fluxes. During these events, the turbulence kinetic energy production exceeds the dissipation, suggesting that the CIBL remains in nonequilibrium.
Understanding Hailstone Temporal Variability and Contributing Factors over the U.S. Southern Great Plains
Authors: Jeong Jong-Hoon , Fan Jiwen , Homeyer Cameron R. , Hou Zhangshuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHailstones are a natural hazard that pose a significant threat to property and are responsible for significant economic losses each year in the United States. Detailed understanding of their characteristics is essential to mitigate their impact. Identifying the dynamic and physical factors contributing to hail formation and hailstone sizes is of great importance to weather and climate prediction and policymakers. In this study, we have analyzed the temporal and spatial variabilities of severe hail occurrences over the U.S. southern Great Plains (SGP) states from 2004 to 2016 using two hail datasets: hail reports from the Storm Prediction Center and the newly developed radar-retrieved maximum expected size of hail (MESH). It is found that severe and significant severe hail occurrences have a considerable year-to-year temporal variability in the SGP region. The interannual variabilities have a strong correspondence with sea surface temperature anomalies over the northern Gulf of Mexico and there is no outlier. The year 2016 is identified as an outlier for the correlations with both El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and aerosol loading. The correlations with ENSO and aerosol loading are not statistically robust to inclusion of the outlier 2016. Statistical analysis without the outlier 2016 shows that 1) aerosols that may be mainly from northern Mexico have the largest correlation with hail interannual variability among the three factors and 2) meteorological covariation does not significantly contribute to the high correlation. These analyses warrant further investigations of aerosol impacts on hail occurrence.
Meridional Overturning Circulation in a Multibasin Model. Part I: Dependence on Southern Ocean Buoyancy Forcing
Authors: Baker Jonathan A. , Watson Andrew J. , Vallis Geoffrey K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe variation in the strength and structure of the overturning circulation under varying Southern Ocean buoyancy forcing, corresponding to present day, a cooler (glacial) state, and a possible future warmer state is analyzed in an idealized two-basin general circulation model connected by a southern circumpolar channel. A connection between the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) cell in the Atlantic basin and the Pacific Deep Water (PDW) cell in the Pacific basin occurs with a direct flow of NADW into the channel’s lower cell, while PDW upwelled in the Pacific basin can flow directly into the upper wind-driven cell in the channel. The intersection of these cells along with direct zonal flows between the basins completes the interbasin circulation. The present-day Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in the model is upwelled both by wind-driven upwelling in the Southern Ocean and by diffusion in the Pacific and Atlantic. In a cooler climate with enhanced sea ice, the NADW cell shoals, which can then no longer flow directly into the channel’s lower cell, reducing the Pacific pathway of NADW. This leads to a substantial weakening of the AMOC, suggesting buoyancy forcing changes can play a substantial role in the transition of the AMOC to a glacial state. In contrast, in a warmer equilibrium climate state with reduced AABW formation, the NADW cell strengthens and deepens. NADW is increasingly directed along the Pacific pathway, while the direct upwelling in the channel’s wind-driven upper cell plays a smaller role.
Effects of cement addition and briquetting of rock wool on its geomechanical stability in landfills
Authors: Sattler Theresa , Sartori Marco , Galler Robert , Pomberger Roland , Krainz Jörg , Schimek Julia , Vollprecht Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Landfilling of mineral wool waste in big bags at separate landfill compartments is required in Austria. This results in enormous differences in the Young’s moduli between common construction and demolition (C&D) waste compartments and mineral wool compartments, which causes severe accidents in terms of overturned vehicles due to sudden subsidence of the subsurface. Conditioning of mineral wool waste might be applied to adjust its geomechanical behaviour to that of common C&D waste but has never been investigated scientifically before. In this study we compare three scenarios for the conditioning of rock wool for landfilling: (A) loosely packing, (B) cutting comminution + cement addition and (C) cutting comminution + cement-supported briquetting. The performance of the different sample bodies under landfill conditions was simulated at the lab scale by cyclic loading (1223–3112 N, up to 160 cycles) using a ‘Wille Geotechnik UL 300’ press. The deformation was monitored during the experiment and Young’s modulus was derived graphically, whereas the test execution was piston controlled. The Young’s modulus increased during the experiments from 0.2 MPa to 4.6 MPa for scenario (A), from 0.6 MPa to 20.5 MPa for scenario (B) and from 7.5 MPa to 111.0 MPa for scenario (C). These results show that a combination of comminution and cement-supported briquetting significantly increases the geotechnical performance of mineral wool waste with respect to landfilling, which is still three orders of magnitude below that of common C&D waste, which is in the range of 30,000 MPa.
Aggressive End-of-Life Care and Symptom Relief Treatments in Terminally Ill Patients Who Had Discussed Withdrawal of Mechanical Ventilation: A Hospital-Based Observational Study
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Ting , Lin Ming-Hwai , Chen Chun-Ku , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Hwang Shinn-Jang 
Published: March 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the status of aggressive end-of-life care and symptom relief treatments in terminally ill patients who had discussed the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. Methods: This research is a retrospective observational study based on a chart review. Terminal patients aged ≥20 years, who were intubated with mechanical ventilation support, who underwent hospice-shared care, and who personally, or whose close relatives, had discussed the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation with hospice-shared care team members in a tertiary hospital in Taiwan during 2012 to 2015 were included. Demographics, medical conditions, and aggressive end-of-life care, including hospitalization, use of vasopressors, artificial nutrition, tube feeding, antibiotics, and symptom relief treatments including the use of opioids, steroids, and sedatives, were identified. The modes of care and treatments of patients by the status of withdrawal of mechanical ventilation were compared. Results: A total of 141 patients had discussed the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation, and 111 (78.7%) had been withdrawn. Aggressive end-of-life care was noted in all patients regardless of mechanical ventilation status. There were no significant differences in the number and pattern of aggressive end-of-life care measures between patients who had or had not been withdrawn. There were significantly higher rates of symptom relief treatments used in patients who had been withdrawn. Conclusions: Aggressive end-of-life care is common for patients who have discussed the withdrawal of mechanical ventilation. There are significantly higher rates of symptom relief medications administered in patients who have been withdrawn from mechanical ventilation.
Comparing Burnout in Sport-Specializing Versus Sport-Sampling Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Giusti Nicolas E. , Carder Seth L. , Vopat Lisa , Baker Jordan , Tarakemeh Armin , Vopat Bryan , Mulcahey Mary K. 
Published: March 2020

Background: The prevalence of adolescent athletes who specialize in sports has increased in recent years. Substantial literature on youth sports has linked early sport specialization to negative consequences, such as burnout and injury. However, empirical evidence directly comparing burnout rates in sport specialization versus sport sampling is very limited. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate psychological burnout in adolescent athletes who sport specialize compared with adolescent athletes who sport sample. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review was performed through use of the PubMed, SportDiscus, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases (between inception and May 2019) according to PRISMA-IPD (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of individual participant data) guidelines. Results from the 3 measures of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and athlete specialization status were recorded and analyzed. An athlete was determined to be a “sport specializer” if he or she met the following 3 criteria: (1) athletic participation limited to 1 sport, (2) which is competed in > 8 months in 1 year, and (3) to the exclusion of all other sports. Results: Of 3578 studies, 8 met criteria for final meta-analysis, which included 1429 athletes (mean age, 15.59 years; range, 12.5-17.2 years). Of these, 1371 (95.9%) were sport specializers, whereas 58 (4.1%) were sport samplers. A total of 1422 (99.5%) athletes completed the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Athletes who specialized reported higher levels of burnout than athletes who did not specialize. Specializers had a greater sense of reduced accomplishment (difference of means [△], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.67-1.08; P < .01). Specializers also reported greater exhaustion (△, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.68; P < .01) and sport devaluation (△, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22-0.60; P < .01) than athletes who were samplers. Conclusion: Adolescent sport specialization was associated with greater levels of burnout in all 3 aspects (reduced sense of accomplishment, sport devaluation, and exhaustion) compared with sport sampling.
Comorbid and co-occurring conditions in migraine and associated risk of increasing headache pain intensity and headache frequency: results of the migraine in America symptoms and treatment (MAST) study
Authors: Buse Dawn C. , Reed Michael L. , Fanning Kristina M. , Bostic Ryan , Dodick David W. , Schwedt Todd J. , Munjal Sagar , Singh Preeti , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Migraine has many presumed comorbidities which have rarely been compared between samples with and without migraine. Examining the association between headache pain intensity and monthly headache day (MHD) frequency with migraine comorbidities is novel and adds to our understanding of migraine comorbidity.

Methods
The MAST Study is a prospective, web-based survey that identified US population samples of persons with migraine (using modified International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 beta criteria) and without migraine. Eligible migraine participants averaged ≥1 MHDs over the prior 3 months. Comorbidities “confirmed by a healthcare professional diagnosis” were endorsed by respondents from a list of 21 common cardiovascular, neurologic, psychiatric, sleep, respiratory, dermatologic, pain and medical comorbidities. Multivariable binary logistic regression calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for each condition between the two groups adjusting for sociodemographics. Modeling within the migraine cohort assessed rates of conditions as a function of headache pain intensity, MHD frequency, and their combination.

Results
Analyses included 15,133 people with migraine (73.0% women, 77.7% White, mean age 43 years) and 77,453 controls (46.4% women, 76.8% White, mean age 52 years). People with migraine were significantly (P < 0.001) more likely to report insomnia (OR 3.79 [3.6, 4.0]), depression (OR 3.18 [3.0, 3.3]), anxiety (OR 3.18 [3.0 3.3]), gastric ulcers/GI bleeding (OR 3.11 [2.8, 3.5]), angina (OR 2.64 [2.4, 3.0]) and epilepsy (OR 2.33 [2.0, 2.8]), among other conditions. Increasing headache pain intensity was associated with comorbidities related to inflammation (psoriasis, allergy), psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety) and sleep conditions (insomnia). Increasing MHD frequency was associated with increased risk for nearly all conditions and most prominent among those with comorbid gastric ulcers/GI bleeding, diabetes, anxiety, depression, insomnia, asthma and allergies/hay fever.

Conclusions
In regression models controlled for sociodemographic variables, all conditions studied were reported more often by those with migraine. Whether entered into the models separately or together, headache pain intensity and MHD frequency were associated with increased risk for many conditions. Future work is required to understand the causal sequence of relationships (direct causality, reverse causality, shared underlying predisposition), the potential confounding role of healthcare professional consultation and treatment, and potential detection bias.
Trade-offs in traffic: does being mainly a car driver or a cyclist affect adaptive behaviour while driving and cycling?
Authors: Nygårdhs Sara , Kircher Katja , Johansson Björn J. E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aim
Road users, such as cyclists and car drivers, are constantly adapting to each other and to the road infrastructure. This study aimed to investigate what trade-offs can be observed when drivers and cyclists adapt to other road users and to the infrastructure.

Methods
A semi-controlled study was carried out in an urban traffic environment, where all participants travelled the same route twice, once as a cyclist and once as a car driver. The extended control model was used as an analytical framework to examine how people adapt depending on their main and current road-user role, experiencing different infrastructure and complexity.

Results
The results revealed possible trade-offs made while adapting, mainly in relation to rule-following. No differences in adaptive behaviour between people who mostly drive and people who mostly cycle were found. The current situational demands influence both the need to adapt and the adaptation carried out. A more complex traffic environment led to increased information intake, measured by glance behaviour.