bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insults in political comments on GhanaWeb
Authors: Thompson Rachel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the practice of insults on GhanaWeb, a popular online platform on which some Ghanaians post comments and share opinions in reaction to various news reports. Among other things, the study entails understanding how the prevalence of harsh insults stands against the backdrop of traditional Ghanaian speech culture, which places high value on respect for the elderly and authority figures. Examining a sample of online comments directed at key political leaders in the build-up to the national elections in December 2016, the study identifies their characteristic textual and discursive features and interprets them in cultural and socio-political contexts. The study asserts that although the practice of using insults against political leaders in online commentary appears to be ‘normal’ in the online context, it is a transgression when one considers the Ghanaian sociocultural norms of communication.
A dialogical approach to the acquisition and usage of referring
expressions
Authors: Salazar Orvig Anne , de Weck Geneviève , Hassan Rouba , Rialland Annie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter gives a general overview of the
dialogical, theoretical, and methodological framework of the studies
presented in the book, and the implications of that framework for
understanding the acquisition of referring expressions and
children’s early skills in this domain. Section 1 considers the formal aspects of
children’s acquisition of the relevant morphological paradigms
(mainly pronouns, and including fillers) in relation to certain
aspects of syntactic development. Section 2 is devoted to studies on reference and
referential strategies in children. After dealing with some
discrepant results, we focus on the dialogical foundation of
reference. As a whole, the chapter builds up a rationale for a
multidimensional approach, considering the interaction of formal and
functional factors in the acquisition of referring expressions, and,
more generally, the way meaning is constructed in socially situated
interactions driven by activities and scaffolded by adults. Section 3 presents the
methodological choices this approach entails. Section 4 introduces the issues tackled by
the nine studies presented in the book.
Early Implementation of Screening for Substance use in Rural Primary Care: A Rapid Analytic Qualitative Study
Authors: Moore Sarah K. , Saunders Elizabeth C. , Hichborn Emily , McLeman Bethany , Meier Andrea , Young Robyn , Nesin Noah , Farkas Sarah , Hamilton Leah , Marsch Lisa A. , Gardner Trip , McNeely Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Background Few primary care patients are screened for substance use. As part of a phased feasibility study examining the implementation of electronic health record-integrated screening with the Tobacco, Alcohol, and Prescription Medication Screening (TAPS) Tool and clinical decision support (CDS) in rural primary care clinics, focus groups were conducted to identify early indicators of success and challenges to screening implementation. Method Focus groups ( n = 6) were conducted with medical assistants (MAs: n = 3: 19 participants) and primary care providers (PCPs: n = 3: 13 participants) approximately one month following screening implementation in three Federally Qualified Health Centers in Maine. Rapid analysis and matrix analysis using Proctor's Taxonomy of Implementation Outcomes were used to explore implementation outcomes. Results There was consensus that screening is being used, but use of the CDS was lower, in part due to limited positive screens. Fidelity was high among MAs, though discomfort with the CDS surfaced among PCPs, impacting adoption and fidelity. The TAPS Tool's content, credibility and ease of workflow integration were favorably assessed. Challenges include screening solely at annual visits and self-administered screening for certain patients. Conclusions Results reveal indicators of implementation success and strategies to address challenges to screening for substance use in primary care.
Radius and roundness measurement of micro spheres based on a set of AFM surface scans
Authors: Oertel Erik , Manske Eberhard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Micro coordinate measuring machines have been developed for the traceable characterization of small complex parts, due to the demand in research and industry. These machines require geometrically well characterized probing spheres of ever smaller radii. Currently, there is no established procedure for the measurement of such spheres below radii of 500 µm. In this paper we, therefore, propose and investigate an approach which is based on a set of atomic force microscope (AFM) surface scans in conjunction with a stitching algorithm. The strategy was implemented on a nano measuring machine and investigated on a ruby sphere with a radius of 150 µm. Although the strategy can generally be applied to the characterization of a full sphere, we limit ourselves to the measurement of one great circle (equator). The technique enables the measurement of micro spheres with a high lateral and vertical resolution. The mean radius of the ruby sphere was measured with a standard deviation of 3.7 nm over six repetitions. As our experiments have shown, the measurement procedure is at the moment mainly influenced by the shape of the AFM tip which requires further attention.
Velocity and thermal slip effects on two-phase flow of MHD Jeffrey fluid with the suspension of tiny metallic particles
Authors: Firdous Hina , Husnine S M , Hussain Farooq , Nazeer Mubbashar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This investigation addresses the mathematical analysis of three fundamental multiphase flows through diverse channels. Jeffrey fluid is taken as the base liquid which suspends with tiny spherical particles of Hafnium (Hf). Owing to the magnetic susceptibility of the metal particles and electrically conducting fluid, the effects of transversely applied magnetic fields have also been taken into account. Thermal slip boundary conditions are imposed on the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of multiphase flows which are confined by the lubricated flat walls. The additional contribution of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation. Flow dynamics are modeled with the help of Navier–Stokes equations; which end up in the system of nonlinear and coupled differential equations, then solved exactly. A detailed parametric study is also carried out, which reveals that the momentum of each phase reduces in response to Hartmann number while having an opposite influence on the temperature profile. More energy is added to the system due to an increase in Brinkman number and magnetic field. Finally, the presented theoretical study not only addresses many industrial applications. But, also helps to predict that multiphase flows through a horizontal channel is more prominent when generated by moving wall with the contribution of constant pressure gradient. Moreover, the present work serves as the precedent, for it bridges the missing gap in the existing literature.
Metamaterial-inspired 2D cavity grating with electromagnetically induced reflection as a glucose sensor
Authors: Shen Zhaoyang , Yang Dong , Xia Yingqing , Huang Xiaojun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A three-dimensional structure is designed, fabricated, and measured to achieve electromagnetically induced reflection (EIR) using metamaterial-inspired 2D cavity grating (MICG). The unit cell is composed of a orthogon ring resonator (ORR), a circle ring resonator (CRR), and the metal cavity. The physics mechanism of EIR is a weak hybridization between the ORR and CRR at 15.15 GHz, which exhibits a high reflection coefficient of 95%. We use the electric and magnetic field distributions to analyze and verify this physics mechanism. The geometric parameters of the ORR, CRR, and metal cavity have a profound influence on the reflectance spectra. In addition, the proposed MICG can be used to detect the concentration of the glucose solution (GS) as the liquid sensor, and sensitivity (S) reaches up to 3.26 GHz RIU−1 (refractive index unit). The figure of merit (FOM) is calculated as 8.15, which shows favorable sensing in the microwave sensor. Furthermore, the proposed MICG has potential applications to detect different liquids.
Time-resolved estimation of strength of motor imagery representation by multivariate EEG decoding
Authors: Tidare Jonatan , Leon Miguel , Astrand Elaine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective. Multivariate decoding enables access to information encoded in multiple brain activity features with high temporal resolution. However, whether the strength, of which this information is represented in the brain, can be extracted across time within single trials remains largely unexplored. Approach. In this study, we addressed this question by applying a support vector machine (SVM) to extract motor imagery (MI) representations, from electroencephalogram (EEG) data, and by performing time-resolved single-trial analyses of the multivariate decoding. EEG was recorded from a group of healthy participants during MI of opening and closing of the same hand. Main results. Cross-temporal decoding revealed both dynamic and stationary MI-relevant features during the task. Specifically, features representing MI evolved dynamically early in the trial and later stabilized into a stationary network of MI features. Using a hierarchical genetic algorithm for selection of MI-relevant features, we identified primarily contralateral alpha and beta frequency features over the sensorimotor and parieto-occipital cortices as stationary which extended into a bilateral pattern in the later part of the trial. During the stationary encoding of MI, by extracting the SVM prediction scores, we analyzed MI-relevant EEG activity patterns with respect to the temporal dynamics within single trials. We show that the SVM prediction score correlates to the amplitude of univariate MI-relevant features (as documented from an extensive repertoire of previous MI studies) within single trials, strongly suggesting that these are functional variations of MI strength hidden in trial averages. Significance. Our work demonstrates a powerful approach for estimating MI strength continually within single trials, having far-reaching impact for single-trial analyses. In terms of MI neurofeedback for motor rehabilitation, these results set the ground for more refined neurofeedback reflecting the strength of MI that can be provided to patients continually in time.
A model for incompressible fluids using finite element methods for the Brinkman problem
Authors: Altamirano-Fernández A , Gómez-Hernández E A , Duque-Marín E , Vásquez A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The partial differential equations for fluid flow dynamics based on the Brinkman equations, written in terms of velocity-vorticity and pressure in three dimensions, are essential for predicting climate, ocean currents, water flow in a pipe, the study of blood flow and any phenomenon involving incompressible fluids through porous media; having a significant impact in areas such as oceanographic engineering and biomedical sciences. This paper aims to study the Brinkman equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary are studied, the existence and uniqueness of solution at a continuous level through equivalence of problems is presented. It is discretized to approximate the solution using Nédélec finite elements and piecewise continuous polynomials to approximate vorticity and pressure. The velocity field is recovered, obtaining its a priori error estimation and order of convergence. As a result, ensuring a single prediction of the flow behavior of an incompressible fluid through porous media. Finally, a numerical example in 2D with the standard L2 is presented, confirming the theoretical analysis.
A hybrid optimization method for reallocation of mobile resources
Authors: Catumba-Ruiz J , Aguiar L , Redondo J M , Renteria R , Barrera J O 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a hybrid optimization method to compute a reallocation of ambulances to obtain improved response times. As we want to minimize response times by changing ambulances allocations, we develop a hybrid algorithm based on a genetic algorithm, with randomized ambulances configurations as population individuals. Also, we embed into the genetic algorithm discrete event simulations to model the reporting, assignment, travel, and attendance processes. We later find that the algorithm optimizes the response times for simulated events, even though these times don’t yet compare to response times found in real data. So, we need to evaluate any improvement in real response times. As a study case, we use data from 2014 to 2017 provided by the health authority of Bogotá, Colombia, that contains real values of emergency medical incidents, and the quantity and type of ambulances that attended such incidents.
Discrimination of seismic waves produced by volcanoes using self-organizing maps
Authors: Salazar A , Salazar E , Cadena O , Hernández R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The analysis and classification of seismic records of volcanoes allow us to determine the alert state in which it is. A timely study of these signs can contribute to decision-making to safeguard the integrity of people in the face of a natural disaster. The present work applies a methodology that combines the analysis of linear prediction coefficients and artificial neural networks to classify earthquakes. Two types of earthquakes that come from Galeras Volcano, Colombia, are studied volcano-tectonic and long-period. The classification is made using the clustering technique based on unsupervised learning. The signals are transformed using the linear prediction filter coefficients technique, which has the function of reducing the size of the vector that contains the original data. MATLAB software is used to generate a self-organizing network that handles clustering. The results show that the best alternative in unsupervised learning is to use the linear prediction coefficients of order 5, 6, and 7 to represent a seismic signal. For lower orders, the necessary information is not captured and for higher orders, noise information is shown.
Construction of a genetic decomposition: theoretical analysis of the concept of the value theorem medium
Authors: Duque-Marín E , Ramirez-Carrasco C , Altamirano-Espinoza M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, from a cognitive perspective, we present the structures necessary for a student to construct the concept of the mean value theorem. The theoretical framework used for this research is based on the action-process-object-scheme theory. We propose, as a result, two genetic decompositions that describe two possible ways to construct the concept: a graphical path and an analytical path. Generic decompositions become a point of reference for the design of teaching strategies; in that sense, the results of this research are presented as a theoretical proposal for teaching and learning the model of the mean value theorem to undergraduate students of mathematics, physics, engineering or in whichever area this particular subject is studied, with the purpose of contributing to the strengthening of educational practices and student learning.
Supporting communities of practice as a strategy to accelerate uptake of environmental science for climate action: TV weathercasters as a case study
Authors: Maibach E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Advantageous new ideas and practices have a vexing track record of taking root slowly, if at all. Identifying or creating, and then supporting, communities of practice is a promising approach to enhancing the likelihood that science-based environmental science knowledge will be applied to solve societal problems. A community of practice, simply put, is a group of individuals who have shared interests and problems related to a specific topic. This article provides a brief overview of what communities of practice are, and how they might be embraced as a strategy to accelerate the development of climate change solutions. The approach is illustrated with a brief case study of Climate Matters, a highly successful program designed to support TV weathercasters as local climate change educators. It concludes with a heuristic to guide future efforts at supporting communities of practice.
Phytocenological study of environmental quality using the fluctuating asymmetry index Betula pendula Roth
Authors: Popova E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The structure and species composition of communities of 9 areas within the city of Tobolsk (Tyumen region, Russia) and its surroundings were studied. The method used to assess the quality of the environment consisted in determination of the fluctuating asymmetry index of the Betula pendula Roth lamina. For spatial characterization of the state of the test object and assessment of the anthropogenic load, a bioindication map was drawn up using isolines. The environmental heterogeneity of environmental conditions and the degree of deviation from the environmental optimum were revealed. During the examination of groups of individuals, insignificant fluctuations in the nature of environmental conditions from conditionally normal (I point) to critical (V points) were noted. Such fluctuations are explained by the uneven distribution of pollution sources between the compared territories. It was established that under conditions optimal for a species, the smallest level of deviations from the norm is observed, and that the territory under study is heterogeneous in terms of the fluctuating asymmetry index.
Movement simulation of flexible working body links in the Unity cross-platform development environment
Authors: Bukhtoyarov L D , Maksimenkov A I , Lysych M N , Abramov V V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The analytical modeling of multi-link mechanisms with a large number of degrees of freedom is a difficult task, therefore, it is advisable to use a simulation model Since it is planned to use a flexible working body on an area overgrown with vegetation, this will require a significant number of elements and, as a result, it will be very difficult to perform work using computer-aided design. In this paper, a simulation model of a flexible working body is implemented in a cross-platform Unity development environment. In computer-aided design systems, we are limited to tools and algorithms created by developers. In Unity, we have the opportunity to create our own tools and algorithms, adding it to the links of interest to us, which are solids in the field of gravitational forces. We created a 3D model of each link of a flexible working body, connected it with hinges with the possibility of moving relative to each other. Added scripts to accelerate the rotor and save the coordinates of the links. Based on the obtained coordinates, dependencies were constructed to determine the kinematics of the links of the flexible working body, taking into account its bending in the vertical and horizontal plane under the action of gravity.
Features of the formation of vegetation on alkaline soils of anthropogenic origin
Authors: Kharitintsev B , Popova E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As a result of the environmental impact, natural landscapes are substantially transformed into derivative anthropogenic systems. An example of this process is the anthropogenic extrazonal alkali soils (Tobolsk district, Tyumen region, Russia) at the places where salt water exits from wells drilled during geological exploration works. The vegetation of such alkali soils was studied in two areas of the Tobolsk district: near the villages of Kachipovo and Bekerevka. The species composition of such communities depends on the location relative to the well, and the time of exposure to ground and flood waters. The maturity of the associations of alkali soils is characterized by the halophyte saturation and by the peculiarity of the age composition of their populations. As the impact of salt water decreases, indigenous zonal vegetation is restored at the site of alkali soils. Artificial salinization of the soil near the wells contributed to the accumulation of halophytes of both relict and anthropogenic origin. To compare vegetation on alkaline soils of anthropogenic origin, a site with natural vegetation was studied as a control.
Justification of the device operation principle for measuring the potential difference in tree trunks
Authors: Kamalova N S , Evsikova N Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Modern instruments for assessing the characteristics of plants vital state are mainly formed by measuring the parameters of gas exchange in the leaves or are based on standard humidity sensors. However, such techniques are useless in coniferous forests and have a high cost. And they cannot be applied throughout the year in many regions due to the lack of leaves in winter. The water transport processes are the most important for researches in solving problems of predicting the fire condition of forests. Aqueous solutions are weak electrolytes. Therefore, water transport can be investigated using electrical measuring instruments. The purpose of the work was substantiating of digital device operation principle for measuring the potential difference in tree trunks as a device for studying its state. For the first time, to achieve the purpose, the analysis of temperature fluctuations during the year has carried out, a theoretical concept for the influence of temperature and humidity fluctuations on the potential difference in the tree trunks and a schematic diagram of the device have proposed.
Frequency of external influences as a source of biological system negentropy
Authors: Lisitsyn V I , Arkhipov V V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper provides a qualitative analysis of one of the possible channels of negative entropy (negentropy) to ensure the evolution of biological systems. In particular, it is shown for the first time that a periodically changing flow of equilibrium radiation carries a reduced entropy content in comparison with a constant flow of the same power. This conclusion is made based on the analysis of the Shannon entropy time dependence graph for the model under consideration. The study relevance is due to the well-known contradiction between the statement of the second principle of thermodynamics about the tendency of closed systems to a state with maximum entropy (chaos) and Darwin’s evolutionary theory describing the complexity of biological systems. This problem is worked out in many aspects and devoid of the status of an inexplicable paradox. However, a number of important questions, including the sources of negative entropy, remain open. As a function describing the frequency of incident radiation, a simple harmonic is chosen, which does not quite correspond to the daily change in illumination observed on the Earth, but allows us to draw conclusions about the qualitative nature of its influence. The result obtained can be of great importance for evaluating the equilibrium parameters and stability of open thermodynamic systems.