bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOUBLE TRANSVERSE FORAMEN IN INFANTILE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE OF THE LATE 17TH AND EARLY 18TH CENTURIES. Doble foramen transverso en las vértebras infantiles cervicales de finales del siglo XVII y principios del XVIII
Authors: Quiles-Guiñau Laura , Miquel-Feucht Marcos 
Published: March 2020

La presencia de doble foramen transverso es una variante anatómica que se observa con frecuencia en el raquis cervical inferior y que presenta implicaciones clínicas en relación con la arteria vertebral. Aunque en la actualidad existe cierta controversia acerca de si el origen de esta variante cervical es congénito o adquirido, y a pesar de que la presencia de doble foramen transverso en población infantil descartaría un origen degenerativo-artrósico, se encuentra una falta de información acerca de su presencia en vértebras cervicales infantiles. En este sentido, nuestro objetivo ha sido analizar la presencia de doble foramen transverso en vértebras cervicales infantiles procedentes de restos óseos, datados entre finales del siglo XVII y principios del XVIII, y exhumados de una fosa común en la Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles en Castielfabib (Ademuz, España). Se encontraron 10 vértebras infantiles con doble foramen transverso, 4 de ellas pertenecientes a niños de menos de 4 años y 6 a niños de más de 4 años. Este hallazgo apoya un origen congénito de esta variante anatómica, frente a la hipótesis degenerativo-artrósica, y apunta a la necesidad de un estudio en profundidad acerca de la prevalencia actual de esta variante anatómica en población pediátrica, dadas sus posibles consecuencias clínicas. Double transverse foramen is an anatomical variant often observed in the inferior cervical spine and which may present clinical considerations with regard to the vertebral artery. There is some current controversy as to whether the origin of this cervical variant is congenital or acquired. Despite the fact that its presence in children would discard a degenerative osteo-arthritic origin, there is a lack of information on the origin and physiological meaning of this anatomical feature. In this respect, our objective was to analyse the presence of double transverse foramen in infantile cervical vertebrae in skeletal samples dating from the end of the 17th and early 18th centuries and exhumed from a common grave in the "Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles" church, in Castielfabib (Ademuz, Valencia, Spain). Ten infantile vertebrae with double transverse foramen were discovered: 4 from children under 4 years old and 6 from children over 4 years old. This finding supports more a congenital origin than a degenerative osteoarthritis process. Therefore, it is fundamental to further study its prevalence in a current paediatric population and its clinical significance.
THORAX-ABDOMINAL VAGUS NERVES IN FETUSES. Nervios vagos toraco-abdominales en fetos
Authors: Biasutto Susana N , Ceccón Gabriel A F , De la Rosa Matías , Bortolín Paulina A 
Published: March 2020

Los nervios vagos han sido exhaustivamente estudiados en los adultos pero no en los niños, y mayormente en el trayecto intracraneal, más que en la periferia. El objetivo de este estudio fue proveer información más específica sobre los nervios vagos toraco-abdominales, describirlos en fetos y asociarlos con la rotación gástrica, de modo que pueda ser aplicada a procedimientos clínicos, reduciendo la morbilidad. Se disecaron treinta fetos entre 12 y 23 semanas de gestación, mayormente varones (87%), desde la parte inferior del cuello hasta el cardias, identificando los troncos y ramas de los nervios vagos. Los nervios fueron descriptos en su ingreso en el tórax en relación con las arterias carótidas, en su posición en el tercio superior del esófago asociados con el origen de las ramas cardíacas y pulmonares, en el tercio inferior del esófago con muchas variaciones en su distribución, a nivel diafragmático en el hiato esofágico y, finalmente, en relación con la posición gástrica. La discusión involucró descripciones hechas por diferentes autores incluyendo algunos estudios recientes que proporcionan resultados electrofisio-lógicos y consideraciones de aspectos clínicos, principalmente representados por procedimientos quirúrgicos y su morbilidad, ambos asociados con la lesión de los nervios vagos. Vagus nerves have been extensively studied in adults but not in fetuses, and mostly in the intracranial pathway than the peripheral one. The objective of this study was to provide more specific information on the thorax-abdominal vagus nerves, to describe them in fetuses and to associate them with the gastric rotation, so it could be applied to clinical procedures, reducing morbidity. Thirty fetuses between 12 to 23 weeks of gestation, mainly male (87%), were dissected from the lower neck to the cardias, identifying vagus nerve trunks and braches. Vagus nerves were described at the entrance in the thorax in relation with the carotid arteries, in their position at the upper third of the esophagus associated with the origin of cardiac and pulmonary branches, in the lower third of the esophagus with many variations in their distribution, at the diaphragmatic level in the esophageal hiatus and, finally, in relation with the gastric position. The discussion involved descriptions made by different authors including some recent studies providing electrophysiological results and considerations on clinical aspects, mainly represented by surgical procedures and their morbidity associated, both to vagus nerve injury.
LATMOS GEOPARK (BEŞPARMAK MOUNTAINS) WITH HERAKLEIALATMOS ANTIQUE HARBOUR CITY AND BAFA LAKE NATURAL PARK IN TURKEY
Authors: KOCALAR Aziz Cumhur 
Published: March 2020

LATMOS (mountain range), which can be a geopark, is located near Lake Bafa Nature Park on the border of Aydın and Muğla. The region has a deep history dating back to many years and valuable natural, archaeological and geological heritage sites. In this study, the geomorphological structure of the region is examined in general terms, especially research area in terms of geotourism has quite interesting features. The elevations at the end point of the Büyük Menderes Basin reach up to pretty high for sub-Aegean geological formations and have an geostrategically important position and wide viewing area. In history, these mountains, which were considered sacred especially in the Carian period, have always been in an important position in terms of human culture. The presence of traces of rock settlements dating to the Neolithic period in the mountains is also known today. Scattered rock paintings in the region were the most important findings. However, they have survived to the present day by being damaged. These and similar rock churches and monaster, as well as military castles and walls, leaving many distinctive and interesting cultural traces, these mountainous areas, which are inhabited, are expected to be constantly preserved and renewed. In history, there are also other ruins of the Carian State, which spread to a much larger background in the sub-Aegean. The port city of Herakleia (now Kapıkırı village) is located on the shores of Lake Bafa. Massive rock formations that have undergone metamorphic changes in the process are in need of investigation in many aspects of volcanic, magnetic and mineralogical aspects. These rocks also have qualities that can be salty due to their relationship with the sea. In summary, this region is composed of mountain ranges (Latmos Mountains), valleys with different features of archelogical sites and a very special lake that have an important natural park feature. In addition to its interesting natural structure, rock formations and geoheritage areas, it must be protected with the awareness of geotourism. It should not be forgotten that in order to transfer the traces of many different cultural settlements within the rocks to the next generations in a healthy way, the region is obliged to be carefully conserved together with a conservation aimmed development plan.
MEMBANGUN INKLUSIVITAS KEBERAGAMAAN ANTARA MASYARAKAT DENGAN PENYANDANG TUNA DAKSA MELALUI BIMBINGAN FIKIH IBADAH DI “RUMAH KASIH SAYANG” DESA KREBET JAMBON PONOROGO
Authors: Mahmudin Afif Syaiful 
Published: March 2020

Persons with physical disabilities recorded under the auspices of the "Rumah Kasih Sayang" institution are 12 people. Ideally, the practice of worship should be carried out easily by everyone, but in fact there are still many people with disabilities who experience difficulties in implementing it, not even a few of them have left worship because of low religious-related understanding and lack of motivation from the community to include persons with disabilities. carry out daily worship obligations. These problems are experienced by people with disabilities, especially physically disabled in the "Rumah Kasih Sayang" in Krebet village. People with disabilities by the community are considered as groups who are no longer obliged to worship, they are sufficiently fostered with a variety of skills obtained from the institution, empowered by breeding goats from compensation without even being physically invited to pray together in the mosque or prayer room. Religious inclusiveness needs to be built between the community and the physically disabled, the community must be given an understanding that as long as the disabled person meets the taklif provisions, there is no privilege that disqualifies the obligation of worship for the disabled. The research questions are: 1) What are the implications of the fiqh guidance of worship for the disabled in the "Rumah Kasih Sayang" Krebet Jambon Village? 2) What are the implications of fiqh material for worship for the people of Krebet Jambon Village ?. To answer the formulation of the problem, the researcher used a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. The results of this study are: 1) Deaf people can practice well the procedures of daily worship in accordance with the fiqh hospitality of disabled people while being able to carry out the obligation to worship together with the surrounding community. 2) People get new insights about fiqh worship for people with disabilities, changing their negative stigma towards disabled people and leading to the realization of an inclusive religious culture in Krebet Jambon Ponorogo Village.
Dynamics of nitrogen content in the branches of the apple trees
Authors: Grigoreva L. V. , Gorlova E. V. 
Published: March 2020

The aim of the conducted research was to study the dynamics of nitrogen content in various organs of apple trees (spurs, annual shoots, branch wood) in the fruit-bearing orchard in different periods of the growing season. Nitrogen content was monitored at the end of the growing season (November), during the beginning of the growing season (April) and during the period of active fruit growth (July). The research was carried out in an intensive apple orchard in the Tambov region on the next varieties: ‘Antonovka Obyknivennaya’, ‘Zhigulevskoye’, ‘Orlik’, ‘Spartan’, ‘Bogatyr’, grafted on rootstock 62-396. The nitrogen content was determined in dried and crushed plant material according to the Kjeldahl method. As a result of research, it was found that the high content of nitrogen in the wood of apple trees was recorded in the autumn period, in the future the level of nitrogen decreased and reached the minimum value by the spring. In summertime, the content of nitrogen in 2-4 and 5-6 years old wood of all studied varieties increased in comparison to autumn and spring. The largest content of nitrogen was found in wood of ‘Zhigulevskoye’ variety was 0,82 % (2-4 years old wood) and 0,86 % (5-6 years old). This is more than in autumn on 0,30 % and 0,24 %, and in spring on 0,39 % and 0,35 % respectively. Based on the data obtained, the content of this nutrient in the apple tree wood in the autumn could be corrected by the application of nitrogen fertilizers during growing season, which directly affect the accumulation of reserve substances and tissue aging. It makes a positive impact on the development of the future crop and the preparation of trees for the winter.
Study of maximum frost resistance of cherry scion/stock combinations
Authors: Ozherelieva Z. E. , Lyakhova A. S. 
Published: March 2020

The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of stability of physiology of fruit plants at All-Russian research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops in 2017-2018. The object of research was the scion/stock combinations of Novella and Turgenevka cherries/82987, C-2-180, 74332, 74340, 74336, 74324 breeding of the Institute. In the study of winter hardiness of cherry, special attention was paid to the ability of varieties to withstand low temperatures in mid-winter. The aim of the research was to study the maximum frost new scion/stock combinations of cherries by artificial freezing and selection of the hardiest of them. The results of the research noted that in the recovery period of organic dormancy in late December, when the cherry plants acquire the maximum hardened state, study scion/stock combinations were characterized by high resistance to frost of bark and wood of annual branches. They noted frost resistance of vegetative buds with reversible damage. Significant differences in the freezing vegetative buds, bark and wood between scion/stock combinations of sweet cherries are shown. Novella and Turgenevka cherry varieties on clonal rootstocks 74332, 74336, characterized by the greatest potential frost resistance of vegetative buds and tissues of annual branches at lower t= -35°C (winter hardiness component II) at the end of December. It is shown that all cherry scion/stock combinations have a low potential frost resistance of generative buds. After exposure to t= -35°C, living rudiments of flower buds preserved only in cherry scion/stock combinations Novella/74332, Turgenevka/74340, 74336 (from 4.0 to 15.4 %). According to the results of artificial freezing scion/stock combination Novella/74332 and Turgenevka / 74332, 74336 were revealed, which were characterized by the maximum frost resistance of generative, vegetative buds, bark and wood.
"Open to All Classes on Terms of Perfect Equality": The Association of Mechanics’ Institutes and the Establishment of “Adult” Education in Ontario, 1868-1895
Authors: Ferry Darren Neil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTypically, the Mechanics’ Institute movement in late nineteenth-century Ontario has been described by historians as an abject failure in providing educational opportunities for young working-class adults. However, under the direction of the Association of Mechanics’ Institutes of Ontario (1868-86), Mechanics’ Institutes across the province were specifically designed to assist individuals from all social classes and across gender lines to upgrade educational skills that were sorely lacking. As a result, the Association of Mechanics’ Institutes of Ontario was an influential and fairly effective transition instrument of the educational state, a bridge between voluntary and rather haphazard way in which education for the working classes was handled before mid-century and the complete takeover of “adult” education by the Ontario Department of Education in 1895.RésuméÀ la fin du dix-neuvième siècle en Ontario, le mouvement des instituts mécaniques a été souvent qualifié d’échec total en terme d’opportunité de formation pour les jeunes adultes travailleurs. Cependant, sous la direction de « The Association of Mechanics’ Institutes of Ontario » (1868-86), les instituts mécaniques partout dans la province ont été conçus spécifiquement pour aider des personnes de toute classe sociale et des deux sexes à améliorer leurs habiletés déficientes dans différents métiers. Par conséquent, l’Association a été un instrument valable et assez efficace de formation professionnelle. Elle fait la transition entre une instruction incomplète et peu rigoureuse offerte aux travailleurs à cette époque et l’organisation formelle de l’éducation aux adultes prise en charge par le Département de l’éducation de l’Ontario en 1895.
Road Accident Reconstruction Using On-board Data, Especially Focusing on the Applicability in Case of Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Pinter Krisztian , Szalay Zsolt , Vida Gabor 
Published: March 2020

The application of Event Data Recorder (EDR) in passenger cars and vans has been compulsory in the USA since 2014. In the European Union, every passenger car and vehicle manufactured and released must have e-call systems since April 2018. However, neither the data recorded in Event Data Recorders regulated by the current standards nor the data recovered from e-call systems are enough to reconstruct the movements of the vehicle before and after the accident to a degree that the accident could be analyzed in the perspective of liability. The continuous expansion of autonomous vehicle functions – which will inevitably lead to completely autonomous vehicles – makes it particularly justifiable that all vehicles should possess EDR functions and that these data recorders shall store the satisfactory number of parameters for the vehicle's full movement reconstruction.In the article, we will present a process of defining a data package – which will include a definition process for both the data points and the frequency of measuring and recording – that enables the post-event reconstruction of the full motion process, the vehicle movements and the evaluation of liability issues in both regular and irregular operation of autonomous and partially autonomous vehicles.
Specyfika przemieszczeń wewnętrznych osób starszych w Polsce
Authors: Kałuża-Kopias Dorota 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify regularities in internal migration of elderly people in Poland. In the analysis we focus mainly on directions of migration (urban, rural), demographic structure of migrants, and spatial distribution (at voivodeship level) of senior migrants. The study is based on results of the 2002 and 2011 National Population and Housing Censuses and current reports of the Statistical Central Office.
The results show that an increase in average life expectancy in good health leads to postponement of decisions to migrate to a later stage of life. It is reflected in a rise in the number of married persons amongst seniors changing a domicile. In case of persons in advanced age, who are usually single, less educated and of poor health, the migration is often a result of necessity rather than choice. The results of the 2011census indicate that current senior migrants are relatively younger than those who migrated a decade earlier. This suggests that the existing pattern of forced migration of seniors has changed to voluntary moves in Poland.
Основні показники вогнестійкості сосни звичайної в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу
Authors: Sydorenko S. H. , Voron V. P. , Sydorenko S. V. , Bolohov O. M. 
Published: March 2020

Метою дослідження є визначення основних морфометричних показників вогнестійкості дерев сосни звичайної в умовах свіжого субору Лівобережного Лісостепу та їхніх вікових змін. На відміну від пожежостійкості, вогнестійкість визначає ступінь потенційної спроможності дерева зберігати свою життєдіяльність на індивідуальному рівні після пірогенних пошкоджень. Виявлено, що верхня межа розташування грубої кори найбільше залежить від діаметра (r = 0,97) та віку дерев (Ff = 83,2, Fst = 1,8). Визначено, що товщина кори на всіх висотах заміру зазвичай є більшою в дерев із більшою висотою верхньої межі розташування грубої кори, в зоні переходу грубої кори в тонку вона становить 0,1–0,9 мм. Товщина кори в окоренковій частині дерев сосни звичайної в 10–15 разів перевищує товщину кори в тріщинах, де вона становить 1,5–5,8 мм, тому під час низових пожеж є ризик локального ураження камбію вздовж тріщин. Враховуючи отримані результати, було розроблено статистично-математичну модель, за якою можна оцінювати висоту верхньої межі розташування грубої кори дерев у сосняках.
Прогнозування постпірогенного відпаду в сосняках, пошкоджених літніми низовими пожежами, у Лівобережному Лісостепу України
Authors: Sydorenko S. H. , Liubchych A. M. 
Published: March 2020

Пожежі є одними із найнебезпечніших чинників дестабілізації лісів. У зв’язку зі зростанням посушливості клімату ризик збільшення частоти й масштабів лісових пожеж залишається високим, тому актуальним є розроблення науково обґрунтованих заходів із пом’якшення екологічних, економічних та соціальних наслідків лісових пожеж. Удосконалено та уточнено показники, що характеризують візуальні прояви пошкодження дерев після низових пожеж, та показники вогнестійкості середньовікових дерев сосни звичайної (Pinus sylvestris L.). Виявлено, що в міру збільшення середньої висоти нагару на стовбурах зростає частка відпаду в досліджуваних групах дерев (r = 0,87, tф = 5,80, t0,01 = 3,17). Встановлено, що вогнестійкість дерев збільшується зі збільшенням природного ступеня товщини дерева в насадженні (виявлено обернений достовірний кореляційний зв’язок між природним ступенем товщини (ПСТ) і категорією санітарного стану пошкоджених дерев: (r = -0,54; р = 0,05). Розроблено прогностичну модель для встановлення ймовірності відпаду дерев, пошкоджених низовими стійкими літніми пожежами, яка як предиктори включає середню висоту нагару на стовбурах та ПСТ (точність прогностичної моделі становить понад 78 %).
Age structure of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) forests in the Left- Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Meshkova V. L. , Borysova V. L. 
Published: March 2020

The age structure of European ash stands in the forest fund of ten forest enterprises from Sumy, Kharkiv and Poltava regions was analyzed considering forest site conditions, stand origin, site index and ash proportion in the forest composition. The average age of ash stands is 68 years for the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. On average from 46.1 % to 81.6% of European ash stands survive up to the V age class. The average age of ash stands is the highest in the forest-steppe part of Sumy Region in D2 and D3, in Kharkiv Region in D1, and in Poltava Region in C2 and C3. The average age is the highest (75 years) in artificial seed stands in Kharkiv Region, in natural seed (86 years) and vegetative (77 years) origin in Sumy Region. The survival of pure and almost pure ash stands is the highest in Kharkiv Region and the lowest in Poltava Region. In the legislatively adopted maturity age (VIII age class) survival of European ash with its proportion of 80–100 % is 26.5 %, 13.1 % and 3.2 % in Kharkiv, Sumy and Poltava Regions respectively. Correction of the main felling age in forests that are possible for exploitation is suggested considering the possible loss of timber quality as a result of forest damage by different causes.
Біотичні чинники ослаблення дубових насаджень Житомирської області
Authors: Andreieva O. Yu. , Zhytova O. P. , Martynchuk I. V. , Vlasiuk V. P. , Stehniak V. D. 
Published: March 2020

У дубових насадженнях Житомирської області комахи-листогризи весняного комплексу з початку ХХІ століття утворили два спалахи масового розмноження – у 2002–2008 і 2010–2018 рр. Максимальну з початку ХХІ століття площу осередків комах-листогризів (понад 3000 га) відзначено в державних підприємствах (ДП) «Бердичівське ЛГ», «Житомирське ЛГ» та «Городницьке ЛГ», а питому площу осередків – у ДП «Городницьке ЛГ» (633,5 га на 1000 га). Найбільші площі осередків хвороб у дубових насадженнях припадають на поперечний рак дуба (збудник – бактерія Pseudomonas quercus Schem), трутовик дубовий несправжній (Phellinus robustus Bourd. et Galz.) та опеньок осінній (Armillaria sp.). Збільшення площ осередків поперечного раку дуба відзначено в роки згасання спалахів весняного комплексу комах-листогризів – у 2008 і 2013 рр. Найбільші площі осередків шкідливих організмів виявлено в ДП «Бердичівське ЛГ».