bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-exposure prophylaxis with hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: initial results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Grau-Pujol Berta , Camprubí Daniel , Marti-Soler Helena , Fernández-Pardos Marc , Carreras-Abad Clara , Andrés Maria Velasco de , Ferrer Elisabet , Muelas-Fernandez Magdalena , Jullien Sophie , Barilaro Giuseppe , Ajanovic Sara , Vera Isabel , Moreno Laura , Gonzalez-Redondo Eva , Cortes-Serra Núria , Roldán Montserrat , Arcos Ana Artes de , Mur Isabel , Domingo Pere , Garcia Felipe , Guinovart Caterina , Muñoz Jose 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a promising strategy to break COVID-19 transmission. Although hydroxychloroquine was evaluated for treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis, it is not evaluated for COVID-19 PrEP yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of PrEP with hydroxychloroquine against placebo in healthcare workers at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during an epidemic period.MethodsWe conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in three hospitals in Barcelona, Spain. From 350 adult healthcare workers screened, we included 269 participants with no active or past SARS-CoV-2 infection (determined by a negative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR and a negative serology against SARS-CoV-2). Participants allocated in the intervention arm (PrEP) received 400mg of hydroxychloroquine daily the first four consecutive days and subsequently, 400mg weekly during the study period. Participants in the control group followed the same treatment schedule with placebo tablets. Results52.8% of participants were in the hydroxychloroquine arm and 47.2% in the placebo arm. Both groups showed similar proportion of participants experiencing at least one adverse event (AE) (p=0.548). No serious AE were reported. Almost all AE (96.4%) were mild. Only mild gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher in the hydroxychloroquine arm compared to the placebo arm (28.3% vs 16.9%, p=0.044). Given the national epidemic incidence decay, only one participant in each group was COVID-19 diagnosed. Consequently, our study design deemed underpowered to evaluate any benefit regarding PrEP efficacy.ConclusionsFirst month follow-up analysis displayed that PrEP with hydroxychloroquine at low doses is safe.Trial registration﻿This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04331834) on April 2nd 2020.
Predicting Unplanned Medical Visits Among Patients with Diabetes: Translation From Machine Learning to Clinical Implementation
Authors: Selya Arielle , Anshutz Drake , Griese Emily , Weber Tess L , Hsu Benson , Ward Cheryl 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetes is common and an economic burden in the United States. In this study, a machine learning predictive model was developed to predict unplanned medical visits among patients with diabetes. Methods: Data were drawn from electronic medical records (EMRs) from a large healthcare organization in the Northern Plans region of the US, from adult (≥18 years old) patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who received care at least once during the 3 year period. A variety of machine-learning classification models were run using standard EMR variables as predictors (age, body mass index (BMI), Systolic blood pressure (BP), Diastolic BP, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glycohemoglobin (A1C), smoking status, number of diagnoses and number of prescriptions). The best-performing model after cross-validation testing was analyzed to identify strongest predictors.Results: The best-performing model was a radial-basis support vector machine, which achieved a prediction accuracy (average of sensitivity and specificity) of 66.2%. This outperformed a conventional logistic regression by 1.5 percentage points. High BP and low HDL were identified as the strongest predictors, such that eliminating these from the model decreased its overall prediction accuracy by 1.9 and 1.8 percentage points, respectively.Conclusion: Our machine-learning predictive model more accurately predicted unplanned medical visits among patients with diabetes, relative to conventional models. Post-hoc analysis of the model was used for hypothesis generation, namely that HDL and BP are the strongest contributors to unplanned medical visits among patients with diabetes. In this way, this predictive model can be used in moving from prediction to implementation and improved diabetes care management in clinical settings.
Associations Between Continuous Glucose Monitoring-derived Metrics and Diabetic Retinopathy and Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wakasugi Satomi , Mita Tomoya , Katakami Naoto , Okada Yosuke , Yoshii Hidenori , Osonoi Takeshi , Nishida Keiko , Shiraiwa Toshihiko , Toimoro keiichi , Kurozumi Akira , Gosho Masahiko , Shimomura Iichiro , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPreventing the development and progression of diabetic microvascular complications through optimal blood glucose control remains an important challenge. Whether metrics based on continuous glucose monitoring are useful for the management of diabetic microvascular complications is not entirely clear.MethodsThis is an exploratory analysis of an ongoing prospective, multicenter, 5-year follow-up observational study. Study participants included 999 outpatients with type 2 diabetes who underwent continuous glucose monitoring at baseline. Associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and the severity of diabetic retinopathy or albuminuria were investigated using multivariable proportional odds models.ResultsThe overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 22.2%. Multivariate analysis with proportional odds models demonstrated that continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics related to intra-day and inter-day glucose variability are significantly associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy, even after adjusting for various possible risk factors. However, significant relationships were not observed after adjusting for HbA1c levels. The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were 20.3% and 6.7%, respectively. Similarly, multivariate analysis demonstrated that those metrics are significantly associated with the severity of albuminuria. These relationships remained significant even after further adjusting for HbA1c levels. ConclusionsContinuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics related to intra-day and inter-day glucose variability are significantly associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy or albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. Thus, evaluating these metrics might possibly be useful for risk assessment of diabetic microvascular complications.
Multimode optically adiabatic silica glass submicron taper
Authors: Ha Chang Kyun , Nam Kee Hwan , Kang Myeong Soo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Silica nanofibers fabricated by tapering optical fibers have attracted considerable interest as an ultimate platform for high-efficiency light-matter interactions. While previously demonstrated applications relied exclusively on the low-loss transmission of only the fundamental mode, the implementation of multimode tapers that adiabatically transmit several modes has remained very challenging, hindering their use in various emerging applications in multimode nonlinear optics and quantum optics. Here, we report the first realization of multimode submicron tapers that permit the simultaneous adiabatic transmission of multiple higher-order modes including the LP02 mode, through introducing deep wet-etching of conventional fiber before fiber tapering. Furthermore, as a critical application, we demonstrate "fundamental-to-fundamental" all-fiber third-harmonic generation with high conversion efficiencies. Our work paves the way for ultrahigh-efficiency multimode nonlinear and quantum optics, facilitating nonclassical light generation in the multimode regime, multimode soliton interactions and photonic quantum gates, and manipulation of the evanescent-field-induced optical trapping potentials of atoms and nanoparticles.
The Effect of Sagittal Plane Inclination on Posterior Tibial Slope in Medial Open Wedge HTO – Experimental Study With a Square Column Model-
Authors: Moon Sang Won , Ryu Ji Young , Lee Sung Jae , Woo Sang Won , Park Sin Hyung , Choi Young 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is an effective and safe treatment method in medial osteoarthritis of knee. However, it may accompany unintended change of posterior tibial slope (PTS). Several factors are known to cause PTS change after MOWHTO. However, there is a lack of research on the sagittal plane osteotomy inclination (SPOI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate that SPOI affected the change in PTS. The hypothesis was that parallel SPOI causes no PTS change after MOWHTO. Methods:A square column model with a 10° posterior slope was produced by two 3D programs and a 3D printer. A series of MOWHTO was performed on a square column model through virtual simulation using two 3D programs and an actual simulation using a 3D printer, a testing machine and a measurement system. The SPOI was divided into 4 types: ① parallel SPOI plus 10° (SPOI: 20°), ② parallel SPOI (SPOI: 10°), ③ perpendicular SPOI (SPOI: 0°), and ④ perpendicular SPOI minus 10° (SPOI: -10°). The correction angle was increased by 5° from 0° to 30°. The change of the posterior slope was measured in sagittal plane.Results: The posterior slope was increased in the parallel SPOI plus 10° (SPOI: 20°). It was maintained in the parallel SPOI (SPOI: 10°) and decreased in the perpendicular SPOI (SPOI: 0°) and perpendicular SPOI minus 10° (SPOI: -10°).Conclusion: SPOI affected the change in PTS. Parallel SPOI causes no PTS change after MOWHTO.
Metal-organic framework membranes with single-atomic centers for photocatalytic CO2 and O2 reduction
Authors: Hao Yuchen , Chen Li-Wei , Li Jiani , Guo Yu , Su Xin , Shu Miao , Zhang Qinghua , Gao Wen-Yan , Li Siwu , Yu Zilong , Gu Lin , Feng Xiao , Yin Anxiang , Si Rui , Zhang Ya-Wen , Wang Bo , Yan Chun-Hua 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The demand for sustainable energy has motivated the development of artificial photosynthesis. Yet the catalyst and reaction interface designs for directly fixing permanent gases into liquid fuels are still challenged by sluggish mass transfer and catalytic kinetics at the gas-liquid-solid three-phase boundary. Here, we report that breathable metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes decorated with metal single-atoms (SAs) can synergistically promote the diffusion, adsorption, and activation of gas molecules (e.g. CO2, O2) to boost the photocatalytic conversion of them into liquid fuels. With Ir SAs as active centers, the defect-engineered MOF (e.g. NH2-UiO-66) matrixes can efficiently harvest visible light and sensitize the electronically tailored Ir SAs for reducing CO2 to HCOOH with the high activity of 0.51 mmol gcat-1 h-1 at the conventional three-phase reaction interface. Furthermore, the breathable SA/MOF membranes can directly convert humid CO2 gas into HCOOH at the high-throughput gas-solid interfaces, presenting a near-unity selectivity and an unprecedented activity of 3.38 mmol gcat-1 h-1. Similarly, with Pd SAs as active centers, the SA/MOF membrane can catalyze the O2-to-H2O2 conversion with an ultrahigh activity of 10.4 mmol gcat-1 h-1 under visible light, suggesting the wide applicability of our catalyst and reaction interface designs.
Malaria Parasite Detection in Thick Blood Smear Microscopic Images Using Modified YOLOV3 and YOLOV4 Models
Authors: Abdurahman Fetulhak , Anlay Kinde Fante , Aliy Mohammed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Information: Manual microscopic examination is still the "golden standard" for malaria diagnosis. The challenge in the manual microscopy is the fact that its accuracy, consistency and speed of diagnosis depends on the skill of the laboratory technician. It is difficult to get highly skilled laboratory technicians in the remote areas of developing countries. In order to alleviate this problem, in this paper, we propose and investigate the state-of-the-art one-stage and two-stage object detection algorithms for automated malaria parasite screening from thick blood slides. Methods: YOLOV3 and YOLOV4 are state-of-the-art object detectors both in terms of accuracy and speed; however, they are not optimized for the detection of small objects such as malaria parasite in microscopic images. To deal with these challenges, we have modified YOLOV3 and YOLOV4 models by increasing the feature scale and by adding more detection layers, without notably decreasing their detection speed. We have proposed one modified YOLOV4 model, called YOLOV4-MOD and two modified models for YOLOV3, which are called YOLOV3-MOD1 and YOLOV3-MOD2. In addition, we have generated new anchor box scales and sizes by using the K-means clustering algorithm to exploit small object detection learning ability of the models.Results: The proposed modified YOLOV3 and YOLOV4 algorithms are evaluated on publicly available malaria dataset and achieve state-of-the-art accuracy by exceeding the performance of their original versions, Faster R-CNN and SSD in terms of mean average precision (mAP), recall, precision, F1 score, and average IOU. For 608 x 608 input resolution YOLOV4-MOD achieves the best detection performance among all the other models with mAP of 96.32%. For the same input resolution YOLOV3-MOD2 and YOLOV3-MOD1 achieved mAP of 96.14% and 95.46% respectively. Conclusions: Th experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed modified YOLOV3 and YOLOV4 models are reliable to be applied for detection of malaria parasite from images that can be captured by smartphone camera over the microscope eyepiece. The proposed system can be easily deployed in low-resource setting and it can save lives.
Identification and Analysis of Multiple Factors Controlling Solar-driven H2O2 Synthesis Using Engineered Polymeric Carbon Nitride
Authors: Zhao Yubao , Gao Jingyu , Li Lina , Chen Sheng , Hu Chun , Choi Wonyong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Solar-driven hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production presents unique merits of sustainability and environmental friendliness. Herein, highly efficient solar-driven H2O2 production through dioxygen reduction is achieved by employing polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) framework with sodium cyanaminate moiety (PCN-NaCA), affording a superior H2O2 production rate of 175 μmol/h on 10 mg photocatalyst and a notable apparent quantum yield of 27.6% at 380 nm. The overall photocatalytic transformation process is systematically analyzed using various steady-state/transient spectroscopic and computational methods. The presence of sodium cyanaminate moiety in PCN-NaCA induces the following multiple effects: enhancing photon absorption, creating the coexistence of p-type and n-type domains, strengthening surface adsorption of dioxygen, and favoring highly selective 2e− ORR. In particular, the adsorption of dioxygen on PCN-NaCA enhances the population and lifetime of trapped electrons in the ps-ns time regime, which should have a notable synergic effect on oxygen reduction process.
Metastasis Progression Through the Interplay Between the Immune System and Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in Circulating Breast Tumor Cells
Authors: Khoshbakht Samane , Jamalkandi Sadegh Azimzadeh , Masudi-Nejad Ali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are the critical initiators of distant metastasis formation. In which, the reciprocal interplay among different metastatic pathways which promote survival of CTCs, is not well introduced, using network approaches. CTC cells include single and cluster cells, in which cluster cells revealed 23-50 fold more metastatic potentials.Here, to investigate the unknown pathways of single/cluster CTCs, the co-expression network reconstructed, using WGCNA (Weighted Correlation Network Analysis) method. Having used the hierarchical clustering, we detected the Immune-response and EMT subnetworks. The metastatic potential of genes was assessed and validated through the support vector machine (SVM), neural network, and decision tree methods on two external datasets. To identify the active signaling pathways in CTCs, we reconstructed a casual network. The Log-Rank test and Kaplan-Meier curve were applied to detect prognostic gene signatures for metastasis-free survival. Finally, a predictive model was developed for metastasis risk of patients, using VIF-stepwise feature selection. ResultsOur results showed the crosstalk among EMT, the immune system, menstrual cycles, and the stemness pathway in CTCs. In which, fluctuation of menstrual cycles is a new detected pathway in breast cancer CTCs. The reciprocal association between immune responses and EMT was identified in single/cluster CTCs. The SVM model indicated a high metastatic potential of EMT subnetwork (accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity scores were 87%). The distant-metastasis-free-survival model was identified to predict patients’ metastasis risks. (c-index=0.8). Finally, novel metastatic biomarkers including PTCRA, F13A1, ICAM2, and SNRPC were detected in breast cancer.Conclusions In conclusion, the reciprocal interplay among critical pathways in CTCs enhances their survival and metastatic potentials. Such findings may help to develop more precise predictive metastatic-risk models or detect novel biomarkers.
Preferences and Values for Treatment Goals in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Medical Staff Perspectives in China
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wu Simiao , Zhang Shihong , Wu Bo , Yang Rong , Anderson Craig , Liu Ming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Individual values and beliefs vary according to cultural and social factors. To better understand clinical decision-making and inform future research, we undertook a survey of preferences in treatment goals for managing patients with acute ischemic stroke among medical professionals in China. Methods: We designed a web-based survey through literature search, face-to-face interviews, pilot questionnaire development, and focus group meetings. Key outcomes explored were death, disability, quality of life, neurological impairments, cognitive dysfunction, and hemorrhagic transformation. Participants were asked to rate the importance of each outcome on a 5-point Likert scale to allow calculation of a weighted score of importance: higher scores indicating greater importance. Results: During promotion among 2700 delegates at several major neurology conferences in 2018, 1189 participants (mean age 40 years, 53% female) completed the survey of whom 96% were clinicians, mainly from tertiary care hospitals located in 30 Provinces of China. For established therapies with bleeding risk (e.g. thrombolysis and thrombectomy), death was the most important outcome (weighted score 4.60), followed by disability (4.45), quality of life (4.45), neurological impairments (4.34), cognitive dysfunction (4.03), and hemorrhagic transformation (3.99). For other acute therapies without bleeding risk, quality of life ranked first (4.08), followed by disability (4.03), neurological impairment (3.92), death (3.79), cognitive dysfunction (3.78), and hemorrhagic transformation (3.51). Given a therapy with insufficient evidence of benefit, 845 (71%) participants thought it would be worth trying for potential to improve neurological recovery or quality of life. Conclusions: From the perspective of Chinese medical staff, death is the most important outcome measure for patients with acute ischemic stroke. When reduction of death or disability were less likely to be achievable, the improvement in quality of life is an acceptable outcome measure. In contrast to the previously perceived high fear of bleeding in practice, hemorrhagic transformation was the least concerned even for therapies with a potential bleeding risk.
Identification of a Potential Neutralizing Linear Epitope of Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase in Newcastle Disease Virus
Authors: Jin Zhongyuan , Wei Qiaolin , Bi Youkun , Li Yongshan , Huo Na , Mou Sujing , Wang Wenbin , Liu Haijin , Yang Zengqi , Chen Hongjun , Xiao Sa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major antigen that can induce protective antibodies in poultry. However, its antigenic epitopes have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, defining the linear epitopes of HN, especially neutralizing epitopes, will be useful for revealing its antigenic characterization.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed B-cell immunodominant epitopes (IDEs) of the HN protein from the vaccine strain LaSota using pepscan technology with LaSota-specific chicken hyperimmune antisera. We constructed IDEs-RFP plasmid and prepared anti-IDEs peptide mouse sera to identify IDEs through immunological tests. At last, the different diluted anti-IDE antisera were used in BHK-21 cells to perform the neutralization test.ResultsFive IDEs of the HN were screened and further verified by indirect immunofluorescence assays, dot blots and Western blots with NDV- and IDEs-specific antisera. All five IDEs showed good immunogenicity. IDE5 (328-342 aa) could recognize only class II NDV but did not react with the class I strain. Most of the IDEs are highly conserved among the different strains. A neutralization test in vitro showed that the peptide-specific mouse antisera of IDE4 (242-256 aa) and HN341-355, a reported neutralizing linear epitope, could partially neutralize avirulent LaSota as well as virulent strains at similar levels, suggesting that IDE4 might be a potential neutralizing linear epitope.ConclusionsThe HN protein is a major protective antigen of NDV that can induce neutralizing antibodies in animals. We identified five IDEs of the HN using a pepscan approach with NDV-specific chicken hyperimmune antisera. The five IDEs could elicit specific antibodies in mice. IDE4 (242-256 aa) was identified as a novel potential neutralizing linear epitope. These results will help elucidate the antigenic epitopes of the HN and facilitate the development of NDV vaccines.
Thyroid Hormones Predict ICU&nbsp;Mortality After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Congenital Heart Disease Patients Under 3 Months Old
Authors: Yu Di , Zou Liang , Cun Yueshuang , Li Yaping , Wang Qingfeng , Shu Yaqin , Mo Xuming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Backgroup: To study the effectiveness of thyroid hormones in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: We retrospective observational analyzed data from 133 patients under 3 months old who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB from June 2017 to November 2019. ICU mortality prediction was assessed by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis and area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Results: Non-survivors were younger (17.46±17.10 days vs. 38.63±26.87 days, P=0.006), with a higher proportion of neonates (9/13 vs. 41/120, P=0.017) and a higher proportion of individuals with Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery-1 (RACHS-1) score ≥4 (8/13 vs. 31/120, P=0.020). No significant difference was found in CPB and aortic cross-clamping (ACC) time. The levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) (3.91±0.99 pmol/L vs. 5.11±1.55 pmol/L, P=0.007) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) (1.55±0.35 nmol/L vs. 1.90±0.57 nmol/L, P=0.032) were higher in survivors compared with non-survivors. In the ICU mortality prediction assessment, only FT3 was an independent mortality predictor and showed a good AUC (0.856 ± 0.040). Conclusion: FT3 was a powerful and the only independent predictor of ICU mortality in CHD infants under 3 months old after CPB.