bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the factor analytic model to assess wheat falling number performance and stability in multienvironment trials
Authors: Sjoberg Stephanie M. , Carter Arron H. , Steber Camille M. , Garland Campbell Kimberly A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA factor analytic model was used to characterize data generated with the Hagberg–Perten falling number (FN) method, a measure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality influenced by genotype‐by‐environment interactions. The FN method detects starch degradation due to the presence of the enzyme α‐amylase in wheat grain such that a low FN indicates high α‐amylase activity and high risk of poor end‐product quality. Because farmers receive severe discounts for low FN, FN data have been collected over multiple years for the Washington State University multilocation variety trials to help farmers and breeders identify lower risk varieties. Analysis of these data to objectively rank varieties is challenging because the dataset is unbalanced and because FN is subject to complex genotype‐by‐environment interactions. Low FN can result from environmental differences at multiple stages in grain development because there are two major causes of α‐amylase accumulation in grain, late‐maturity α‐amylase (LMA) and preharvest sprouting (PHS). A five‐factor analytic model extracted explicit measures of overall performance and of stability in variable environments from historical FN data from the multilocation trial, providing a basis for breeding and planting decisions. Whereas a linear model explained 70.3% of the variation, the five‐factor analytic model accounted for 92.5% of variation in the data. Examination of factor loadings enabled us to separate environments and genotype response to either PHS or LMA, specifically. This is the first application of a factor analytic model to evaluate the end‐use quality trait FN, providing a method to rank varieties for grower decisions and breeder selections.
Green dynamic capability of construction enterprises: Role of the business model and green production
Authors: Zhang Jingxiao , Ouyang You , Philbin Simon P. , Zhao Xiaojing , Ballesteros‐Pérez Pablo , Li Hui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImproving green dynamic capability is an important business strategy to enhance enterprises' competitive advantage. This study proposes a theoretical framework that considers the business model and green production to analyze how green dynamic capability can be fostered by enterprises. In this study, 202 managers of Chinese construction enterprises were questionnaire surveyed, and partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to test hypotheses. Results show that: (a) the business model is positively related to green dynamic capability, so enterprises need to adjust business model to balance economic benefits and environmental responsibility; and (b) green production directly and indirectly affect green dynamic capability through a positive mediating role of the business model. This study extends the current literature on dynamic capability by investigating the relationship between the business model, green production, and green dynamic capability. This study also provides guidance for enterprises to enhance green dynamic capability and promote sustainable development.HighlightsThis paper proposes a theoretical framework that takes into account business models and green production to analyze how to cultivate and enhance enterprises' green dynamic capability.Takes China as an example to empirically analyze the impact of business model and green production on the green dynamic capability of enterprises, and eventually lay a theoretical guidance for enterprises to achieve green development goals.Good business model is positively correlated with green dynamic capability.The higher the level of green production, the stronger the positive relationship between business model and green dynamic capability.
Snake venom‐derived bradykinin‐potentiating peptides: A promising therapy forCOVID‐19?
Authors: Gouda Ahmed S. , Mégarbane Bruno 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐COV‐2), a novel coronavirus responsible for the recent infectious pandemic, is known to downregulate angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2). Most current investigations focused on SARS‐COV‐2‐related effects on the renin–angiotensin system and especially the resultant increase in angiotensin II, neglecting its effects on the kinin–kallikrein system. SARS‐COV‐2‐induced ACE2 inhibition leads to the augmentation of bradykinin 1‐receptor effects, as ACE2 inactivates des‐Arg9‐bradykinin, a bradykinin metabolite. SARS‐COV‐2 also decreases bradykinin 2‐receptor effects as it affects bradykinin synthesis by inhibiting cathepsin L, a kininogenase present at the site of infection and involved in bradykinin production. The physiologies of both the renin–angiotensin and kinin–kallikrein system are functionally related suggesting that any intervention aiming to treat SARS‐COV‐2‐infected patients by triggering one system but ignoring the other may not be adequately effective. Interestingly, the snake‐derived bradykinin‐potentiating peptide (BPP‐10c) acts on both systems. BPP‐10c strongly decreases angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE, increasing bradykinin‐related effects on the bradykinin 2‐receptor and increasing nitric oxide‐mediated effects. Based on a narrative review of the literature, we suggest that BPP‐10c could be an optimally effective option to consider when aiming at developing an anti‐SARS‐COV‐2 drug.
Forest stocks control long‐term climatic mortality risks in Scots pine dry‐edge forests
Authors: Madrigal‐González Jaime , Ballesteros‐Cánovas Juan A. , Zavala Miguel A. , Morales‐Molino César , Stoffel Markus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractForest research has addressed the importance of an improved understanding of drought–stocks interactions in the dry edge of tree species range. Nonetheless, more efforts are still critically needed to link up the multiple ways by which climatic stressors can trigger tree mortality, including population‐level determinants and management. Here, we analyze the interactive effects of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a surrogate of climatic variability in southwestern Europe, and forest stocks on tree mortality in dry‐edge populations of the most widespread Eurasian tree species, Pinus sylvestris L., in the forest of Valsaín (central Spain). Specifically, we use tree mortality data gathered since 1941 in six multiannual periods. Results suggest that the main mortality risks in these forests can occur either in positive or negative NAO phases, but that their relative impacts are critically mediated by forest structure. In NAO+ periods, commonly associated with warm–dry conditions in the Iberian Peninsula, a peak of mortality was found in closed forest sections, whereas the second peak, found in open forest sections, was related to NAO‐ periods, correlated with temperate‐rainy weather conditions. This finding reinforces the key role of management—through its control on forest structure—as a driver of forest vulnerability to climate. Accounting for the multiple ways in which stocks modulate tree responses to different risks emerges as a critical element when it comes to the design of efficient adaptation measures in managed dry‐edge forests.
Run‐of‐river dams as a barrier to the movement of a stream‐dwelling amphibian
Authors: Dare Griffin C. , Murray Rylee G. , Courcelles Danielle M. M. , Malt Joshua M. , Palen Wendy J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman activities frequently create structures that alter the connectivity among habitats or act as barriers to the natural movement of animals. Movement allows individuals to access different habitats, connect life history stages, and maintain genetic diversity. Here, we evaluated whether run‐of‐river (RoR) hydropower projects, an emerging renewable energy source in British Columbia, interrupt the longitudinal connectivity among larval stream amphibians, by altering larval rearing densities, with possible repercussions on growth and survival. In three watersheds, we tested for differences in the average upstream and downstream density of larval coastal tailed frog (Ascaphus truei), as well as changes to their longitudinal distribution upstream of the dams, as would be expected if RoR dams or their headponds act as barriers to the natural downstream drift of larvae. We found a 60% decrease in larval densities downstream compared to upstream of dams, consistent with RoR dams interrupting the natural pattern of downstream A. truei drift. Larval densities in the first 10 m above RoR headponds were 3 times higher compared to 100 m upstream, and when expressed in terms of relative abundance, we find a similar pattern, with between 2.5 and 3 times more larvae in the first 10 m above of the headpond than expected if larvae followed a uniform distribution. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that RoR dams alter the spatial connectivity of A. truei larvae, leading to an accumulation of larvae directly above the dam, with unknown consequences for larval growth and survival. Our findings suggest caution is warranted when interpreting before–after monitoring studies that are often used to evaluate the impact of dams, whereby we find that reductions in downstream densities could be due to interruptions of downstream movement as opposed to direct mortality.
What can we learn from wildlife sightings during the COVID‐19 global shutdown?
Authors: Zellmer Amanda J. , Wood Eric M. , Surasinghe Thilina , Putman Breanna J. , Pauly Gregory B. , Magle Seth B. , Lewis Jesse S. , Kay Cria A. M. , Fidino Mason 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring the worldwide shutdown in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, many reports emerged of urban wildlife sightings. While these images garnered public interest and declarations of wildlife reclaiming cities, it is unclear whether wildlife truly reoccupied urban areas or whether there were simply increased detections of urban wildlife during this time. Here, we detail key questions and needs for monitoring wildlife during the COVID‐19 shutdown and then link these with future needs and actions with the intent of improving conservation within urban ecosystems. We discuss the tools ecologists and conservation scientists can use to safely and effectively study urban wildlife during the shutdown. With a coordinated, multicity effort, researchers and community scientists can rigorously investigate the responses of wildlife to changes in human activities, which can help us address long‐standing questions in urban ecology, inspire conservation of wildlife, and inform the design of sustainable cities.
Individual responses to novel predation risk and the emergence of a landscape of fear
Authors: Perry Thomas A. , Laforge Michel P. , Vander Wal Eric , Knight Thomas W. , McLoughlin Philip D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElucidating changes in prey behavior in response to a novel predator is key to understanding how individuals acclimate to shifting predation regimes. Such responses are predicted to vary among individuals as a function of the level of risk to which individuals are exposed, temporal changes in risk, and landscape‐mediated changes in perceived risk. We tested how GPS‐tracked moose (Alces alces, n = 19) responded to an emerging risk landscape with the introduction of hunting to a naïve population (large‐scale reduction experiment in Gros Morne National Park, Canada). We predicted that predation risk associated with hunters would influence moose habitat selection: Avoidance responses would be stronger during the day when hunting was allowed, and moose would learn to avoid risky locations which would strengthen in successive years for survivors occupying overall riskier home ranges. We found that moose avoided areas associated with a high risk of encounters with hunters but did not alter selection patterns between day and night. We did not find evidence of moose reacting more strongly to emerging risk as a function of risk within their home range. Moose did not increase their avoidance of areas associated with hunter risk across years but over time survivors selected non‐hunted refuge areas more frequently. Our results suggest that while moose did not adjust fine‐scale habitat selection through time to increased hunting risk, they did adjust selection at broader scales (based on proportions of hunter‐free habitat included in home range relative to study area). This finding supports the hypothesis that habitat selection at larger spatio‐temporal scales may reflect behavioral responses to a population’s most important limiting factors, which may not be apparent at finer scales.
Fear of movement in children and adolescents undergoing major surgery: A psychometric evaluation of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
Authors: Rosenbloom Brittany N. , Pagé M. Gabrielle , Isaac Lisa , Campbell Fiona , Stinson Jennifer N. , Cribbie Robert , Katz Joel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the 17‐item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) in youth.MethodsParticipants were 264 children and adolescents (58.7% female, Mage = 14.1 years, SDage = 2.51) scheduled for major surgery who were assessed before surgery, while in hospital postoperatively, and at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were conducted to determine the factor structure of pre‐operative TSK scores. Reliability, and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity were examined.ResultsEFA on the 17‐item TSK revealed a two‐factor model distinguishing the 13 positively scored items from the 4 reverse scored items, but the fit was poor. A second EFA was conducted on the 13 positively scored items (TSK‐13) revealing a three‐factor model: Fear of injury, bodily vulnerability, and activity avoidance. The TSK‐13 showed adequate internal consistency (Ω = 0.82) and weak convergent validity. The TSK‐13 was not correlated with postoperative, in‐hospital physical activity (actigraphy; r (179) = −0.10, p = 0.18) and showed adequate discriminant validity, that is correlations less than 0.70, with measures of depression (r (225) = 0.41, p < 0.001) and general anxiety (r (224)=0.35, p < 0.001). Predictive validity for pain‐related disability at 12 months (r (70) = 0.34, p < 0.001) was adequate.ConclusionsThe original TSK‐17 does not appear to be a meaningful measure of kinesiophobia in youth after surgery possibly because of the syntactic structure of the reverse scored items. In contrast, a modified TSK‐13, comprised of only the positively scored items, revealed a 3‐factor structure that is reliable and demonstrates adequate convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity.SignificanceKinesiophobia is an important construct to evaluate in the transition from acute to chronic pain among children and adolescents. The 17 item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) does not show adequate validity or reliability in youth undergoing major surgery, however, the psychometric properties of a 13‐item modified scale (TSK‐13) are promising.
Correlation properties of integral ground‐motion intensity measures from Italian strong‐motion records
Authors: Huang Chen , Tarbali Karim , Galasso Carmine 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis study investigates the correlation properties of integral ground‐motion intensity measures (IMs) from Italian strong‐motion records. The considered integral IMs include 5–95% significant duration, Housner intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, and Arias intensity. Both IM spatial correlation and the correlation between different integral and amplitude‐based IMs (i.e., cross‐IM correlation) are addressed in this study. To this aim, a new Italian ground‐motion model (GMM) with spatial correlation for integral IMs is first introduced. Based on the newly developed GMM, the empirical correlation coefficients from interevent and intraevent residuals are investigated and various analytical correlation models between integral IMs and amplitude‐based IMs are proposed. The effective range parameter representing spatial correlation properties and the trend in the cross‐IM correlations are compared with existing models in the literature. The variability of the effective range parameters with respect to event‐specific features is also discussed. Modeling ground‐motion spatial and cross‐IM correlations is an important step in seismic hazard and risk assessment of spatially distributed systems. Investigating region‐specific correlation properties based on Italian strong‐motion records is of special interest as several correlation models have been developed based on global datasets, often lacking earthquakes in extensional regions such as Italy.
Geomorphological evolution of a debris‐covered glacier surface
Authors: Westoby Matthew J. , Rounce David R. , Shaw Thomas E. , Fyffe Catriona L. , Moore Peter L. , Stewart Rebecca L. , Brock Benjamin W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere exists a need to advance our understanding of debris‐covered glacier surfaces over relatively short timescales due to rapid, climatically induced areal expansion of debris cover at the global scale, and the impact debris has on mass balance. We applied unpiloted aerial vehicle structure‐from‐motion (UAV‐SfM) and digital elevation model (DEM) differencing with debris thickness and debris stability modelling to unravel the evolution of a 0.15 km2 region of the debris‐covered Miage Glacier, Italy, between June 2015 and July 2018. DEM differencing revealed widespread surface lowering (mean 4.1 ± 1.0 m a‐1; maximum 13.3 m a‐1). We combined elevation change data with local meteorological data and a sub‐debris melt model, and used these relationships to produce high resolution, spatially distributed maps of debris thickness. These maps were differenced to explore patterns and mechanisms of debris redistribution. Median debris thicknesses ranged from 0.12 to 0.17 m and were spatially variable. We observed localized debris thinning across ice cliff faces, except those which were decaying, where debris thickened. We observed pervasive debris thinning across larger, backwasting slopes, including those bordered by supraglacial streams, as well as ingestion of debris by a newly exposed englacial conduit. Debris stability mapping showed that 18.2–26.4% of the survey area was theoretically subject to debris remobilization. By linking changes in stability to changes in debris thickness, we observed that slopes that remain stable, stabilize, or remain unstable between periods almost exclusively show net debris thickening (mean 0.07 m a‐1) whilst those which become newly unstable exhibit both debris thinning and thickening. We observe a systematic downslope increase in the rate at which debris cover thickens which can be described as a function of the topographic position index and slope gradient. Our data provide quantifiable insights into mechanisms of debris remobilization on glacier surfaces over sub‐decadal timescales, and open avenues for future research to explore glacier‐scale spatiotemporal patterns of debris remobilization. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Improved Vim targeting for focused ultrasound ablation treatment of essential tremor: A probabilistic and patient‐specific approach
Authors: Su Jason H. , Choi Eun Young , Tourdias Thomas , Saranathan Manojkumar , Halpern Casey H. , Henderson Jaimie M. , Pauly Kim Butts , Ghanouni Pejman , Rutt Brian K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ablation of the ventral intermediate (Vim) thalamic nucleus is an incisionless treatment for essential tremor (ET). The standard initial targeting method uses an approximate, atlas‐based stereotactic approach. We developed a new patient‐specific targeting method to identify an individual's Vim and the optimal MRgFUS target region therein for suppression of tremor. In this retrospective study of 14 ET patients treated with MRgFUS, we investigated the ability of WMnMPRAGE, a highly sensitive and robust sequence for imaging gray matter‐white matter contrast, to identify the Vim, FUS ablation, and a clinically efficacious region within the Vim in individual patients. We found that WMnMPRAGE can directly visualize the Vim in ET patients, segmenting this nucleus using manual or automated segmentation capabilities developed by our group. WMnMPRAGE also delineated the ablation's core and penumbra, and showed that all patients' ablation cores lay primarily within their Vim segmentations. We found no significant correlations between standard ablation features (e.g., ablation volume, Vim‐ablation overlap) and 1‐month post‐treatment clinical outcome. We then defined a group‐based probabilistic target, which was nonlinearly warped to individual brains; this target was located within the Vim for all patients. The overlaps between this target and patient ablation cores correlated significantly with 1‐month clinical outcome (r = −.57, p = .03), in contrast to the standard target (r = −.23, p = .44). We conclude that WMnMPRAGE is a highly sensitive sequence for segmenting Vim and ablation boundaries in individual patients, allowing us to find a novel tremor‐associated center within Vim and potentially improving MRgFUS treatment for ET.
A qualitative study exploring the dietary gatekeeper's food literacy and barriers to healthy eating in the home environment
Authors: Wijayaratne Sanjeewa , Westberg Kate , Reid Mike , Worsley Anthony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssue addressedFood literacy has been recognised as a collection of interrelated food skills and knowledge to support healthy dietary outcomes. In the home environment, the dietary gatekeeper is the individual most responsible for food preparation, and therefore, has a significant influence on the family diet. This study explored how the dietary gatekeeper's food literacy skills are used to manage dietary barriers to facilitate healthy eating in the home environment.MethodsQualitative data were collected from a sample of household dietary gatekeepers with children (n = 17). Participants were also instructed to take photographs of family meals prior to the interview and these were used as interview prompts to gain deeper insights into gatekeeper behaviour.ResultsParticipants reported the two most significant barriers to healthy eating in households were time pressure and fussy eating. Four strategies were identified that used gatekeepers' food literacy to manage these barriers: breaking up meal tasks; customising meals for family tastes; camouflaging healthy ingredients; and facilitating food choice autonomy. These strategies incorporated interrelated food literacy skills related to the planning, preparation, selection and eating domains.ConclusionThe current findings highlight the dietary gatekeeper's food literacy as an interrelated concept and show how it is operationalised to successfully manage barriers to healthy eating experienced in the home environment.So what?Future health promotion campaigns must offer tailored communications and interventions that provide resources and support to dietary gatekeepers to foster food literacy and counteract the influence of barriers to healthy eating.