bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emergence of Hindavi Literary Cultures in the Sultanate and Early Mughal Period
Authors: Orsini Francesca 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the main vernacular genres in sultanate and early Mughal north India—romances, versions of the Sanskrit epics, and songs. It focuses on vernacular texts under the broad rubric of Hindavi, but adopts a multiscalar approach to situate them within the broader context of the multilingual literary culture of the time. At the textual level, this approach analyses texts for register, artistry, and interlingual and intertextual traces. At the level of genre, it identifies the most popular genres and traces their diffusion (or not) across languages. Spatial proximity allows us to put together archives and languages that historiography has divided. Finally, at a social level, this approach interrogates texts for their social concerns and imagination, and for the narrative solutions they put forward to the problems they deal with.
Adorno’s Reception and Application of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Fong Benjamin Y. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews Theodor W. Adorno’s engagement with and deployment of psychoanalysis. Adorno was a perceptive reader of Freud and uniquely articulated psychoanalysis’s value within a historical perspective in such a way as to provide the theoretical framework for a novel research program. The chapter begins with an outline of the basic form of Adorno’s engagement with psychoanalysis, first articulated in his failed Habilitationsschrift, honed in his critique of the revisionist psychoanalysts, and laid out in mature form in “Sociology and Psychology.” Then, it fills in the basic content of Adorno’s deployment of psychoanalysis, the nucleus of which was the hypothesis of the new anthropological type. For Adorno, this type bore two essential psychological features: regression and instrumentality, or what the author has elsewhere called “losing oneself” and “living straight ahead.” Finally, the chapter concludes with a description of the research program that emerged out of this understanding of the new anthropological type and of what a renewed research agenda based on this theory might look like today.
Adorno and Environmentalism
Authors: Wilke Sabine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Adorno often drew on nature images in composing the titles for his short vignettes in Minima Moralia: Reflections from Damaged Life (published in 1951). This chapter provides the springboard for the author’s reflections on Adorno and environmentalism. Adorno lived during a time that experienced extreme forms of destruction from World War II and the Holocaust to the beginning of the nuclear age, and a growing awareness of the environmental effects of these devastations that defined his philosophical position as a reflection from damaged life. This chapter provides critical commentary on what the author considers perhaps Adorno’s most personal and, at the same time, most fragmentary project. It is in these subjective reflections that the kernel to Adorno’s guidance for today’s thoughts on environmentalism can be found. This chapter repositions Adorno’s thoughts about advanced capitalism and the vanishing of the (old) subject in a context that ties these ideas to environmental themes broadly conceived. The author offers close readings of select passages in Minima Moralia that could productively inform discussions in the environmental humanities of the twenty-first century.
Adorno and Activism
Authors: Sebastian Cecilia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter revisits Adorno’s ambivalence toward 1960s student activism in the context of his and the Frankfurt School’s extended grappling with the theory–practice dialectic. It locates, in Adorno’s mid-1960s lectures on History and Freedom, a firm reclamation of the enduring historical possibility of political spontaneity and intervention. The chapter offers several suggestions as to why Adorno nonetheless cast doubt on the efficacy of ongoing student activism with the argument that political practice was “blocked,” as well as what can be gained from Adorno’s robust defense of theory within the theory–practice dialectic. Yet it ultimately argues that, against his own skepticism and Cold War blinders, Adorno’s inchoate theory of moral-political action in the lectures obtained its nearest practical expression in the international solidarity that motivated the political movements of the era. To understand Adorno’s continued relevance for activism, this past historical-theoretical conjuncture requires further exploration.
Economic Geographies of Industrial Change
Authors: Panitz Robert , Glückler Johannes 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Industrial and geographical dynamics are interrelated. This chapter focuses on how scholars in the field of economic geography analyse the spatial dynamics of industrial change. Whereas traditional approaches have analysed industrial change through static and cyclical frameworks, contemporary theory endorses the evolutionary and institutional nature of the spatial processes that characterizes industrial dynamics. These processes range from local agglomeration and specialization to global connectivity and interdependence regarding particular divisions of labour in production and trade. The comparative case studies on global stock photography and the effect of Brexit on financial services in Europe are used to assess whether and how seemingly disruptive changes, such as digital technology or political and regulatory reforms, transform the underlying economic geographies of these industries. The almost unpredictable nature of industrial change underscores the need for context-sensitive, path-dependent, and contingent relational approaches to capture current industrial shifts due to globalization, digitization, sustainabilization, and servitization.
Diplomacy and External Relations
Authors: Hallmannsecker Martin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of the external relations entertained by Imperial-era poleis both with Roman authorities and other cities. After a brief discussion of the preparatory processes of embassies, there follows an analysis of the various reasons that led Greek cities to send out official ambassadors, including specific occasions to honour Roman emperors and governors as well as cases of conflict resolution and the request for certain privileges. Another important context for official embassies was in the wake of natural disasters, when cities asked the Roman authorities but also other poleis for financial and material support. The next section focuses on the testimonies for ‘kinship diplomacy’ between poleis as a crucial persuasion strategy in the diplomatic toolkit. The last section discusses inter-city rivalries for titles and privileges as well as the homonoia coinage boasting of concord between two cities as further testimony of the intense exchange between Imperial-period poleis.
The Imperial Cults in the Greek Provinces
Authors: Frija Gabrielle 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Greek cities established a wide variety of cults for the goddess Roma, the imperatores of the late Republican period, and finally the emperors and their families. The so-called ‘imperial cult’ spread to all the Greek provinces, at different paces. The Greek cities and the federal assemblies developed a wide range of means to honour the emperor: dedication of statues, altars and temples, contests. All these celebrations marked the daily life of the Greek populations of the empire. The imperial cults were rooted in the communities that made up the empire. Far from being imposed from above by the imperial power as a unified and foreign cult, they were fully integrated into local religious traditions. However, their existence at all levels of the political and religious life of the empire is in itself a factor of integration; the imperial cults reflect, and probably contributed to, the homogenization of the empire.
Onomastics and Prosopography
Authors: Blanco-Pérez Aitor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter studies the link between personal names and the identification of the individuals comprising the population of Greek cities in the Roman Empire. In a diverse world virtually devoid of surviving birth certificates and archival records, the onomastic sequences present in our primary sources reveal ancestry relationships on which a prosopography of these poleis can be attempted. This useful information must be approached with caution given the particularities and evolution of nomenclature systems in the Imperial period. For this reason, an introduction to the basics of Greek and Roman onomastics is provided, together with a deeper exploration of the complexities of patronymics and tria nomina sequences in the available evidence. This analysis corroborates the importance of names in revealing not only the identification of individuals but also issues of local differentiation, chronology, and status, particularly as regards the spread of Roman citizenship in the Greek East.
The Greek City of the Roman Empire
Authors: Dench Emma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The variety of recent scholarly approaches to identity issues concerning Greek cities of the Roman Empire illustrates the continued entanglement of modern ideas and ideals of power, politics, empires, and nations with classical antiquity. Modern treatments have often veered between binary and essentialist thinking about the relative behaviour of ‘Greeks’ and ‘Romans’, reproducing older idealizations of autonomy as an intrinsically Greek trait, and focusing on the more ecumenical and multicultural ‘pick and mix’ expressions of identity in the literary and material evidence of the Hellenistic and Roman periods, or on a seemingly apolitical interplay of ‘global’ and ‘local’ perspectives in the Roman Empire. This chapter analyses key models of how the Roman Empire worked, and its impact on and implication of local communities, groups, and individuals, and signals the limitations of focusing on a kind of imperial identity politics that privileges the elite and other successful groups and individuals.
The Legal Status of the Greek Poleis in the Roman Empire
Authors: Merola Giovanna D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This city represented a fundamental pawn in the administrative and economic structure of the Roman Empire. Particularly in the Graeco-Asian area, where the urban reality had a long tradition and was well established, Rome used the cities and their elites as an intermediary between local populations and the central government. Civic institutions were generally preserved, and communities continued to manage themselves autonomously, in some cases even obtaining a privileged status (freedom, immunity). All cities were, however, part of the empire, towards which they had duties (first of all fiscal ones) and on which their very existence depended. This chapter offers an overview of the legal status of Greek cities in the Roman Empire, in order to grasp its real meaning and evaluate its evolution over time.
Greek and Roman Citizenships
Authors: Girdvainyte Lina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the complexity of civic belonging in the world of the Greek city-states under Rome. While local regimes of citizenship remained central to individual and community identities, the influx of settlers from Italy, as well as Roman citizenship extension had an impact on local and Roman citizenship policies alike. This chapter looks at some of the ways in which Greek communities dealt with the recurrent need to expand their citizen ranks, and examines the main consequences of the increasing, if highly uneven, spread of Roman citizenship, both for the enfranchised individuals and their native communities. The practice of multiple citizenships is also explored, and a case is made for some subjective, performative aspects of citizenship, which could be extended to foreign residents on the basis of territorial presence.
The Production and Circulation of Alpine Jade Axeheads
Authors: Pétrequin Pierre , Pétrequin Anne-Marie , Sheridan Alison 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Around 5600 BCE, the first Mediterranean Neolithic colonists located sources of Alpine jades (eclogites, omphacitites, and jadeitites) in the southwestern Italian Alps. This sixth-millennium use of one of the toughest rocks for manufacturing stone axeheads constitutes the origin of an extraordinary technical, economic, and ideological system of the European Neolithic: the Europe of Jade. From 5300 BCE, these axeheads—some of them used as tools for felling trees and working wood, while others were super-sized ‘signifier objects’—circulated around Europe over distances up to 1,800 km as the crow flies, their distribution stretching from Malta to Denmark and from the Atlantic to the Black Sea. The authors propose to analyse the ways in which these mountain jades were exploited at heights between 800 m and 2,400 m above sea level. This exploitation underpinned one of the most original social and religious systems in the European Neolithic between 4700 and 3600 BCE.
Archaeological Record in Mountain Environments: The Reasons of Its Elusiveness
Authors: Angelucci Diego E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mountain environments exhibit a set of features, including elevation, relief, climate, vegetation, and soil, which increase erosion and weathering dynamics, thus resulting in harsh conditions for the integrity of archaeological deposits and remains. On average, the archaeological evidence from upland sites is poorer than that from lowland sites, in both quantity and quality, and is sometimes difficult to detect. This chapter presents the main environmental and geomorphological factors that control surface dynamics in the mountains, summarizes the formation processes at upland sites, and discusses the consequences for archaeological stratifications and remains from a geoarchaeological perspective. This is done with the help of selected case studies of prehistoric and historic sites, mainly from the Alps.
Mountains, Heritage, and Tourism: Global Pasts and Global Futures
Authors: Waterton Emma , Hoffmann Tanja , Hall Jenny , Saul Hayley 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Since the Rio Earth Summit in the early 1990s, the relevance of mountains to global climate change and development agendas has increasingly been formalized in international policy. This has had implications for the management of heritage and tourism, and particularly gender justice and Indigenous rights for mountain peoples. This chapter reviews the complex intersections of these debates as they play out in global-local policy. It begins with a brief review of the history of mountain tourism before turning to consider how (and when) mountains emerged as a form of ‘global heritage’ in need of protection and conservation. The chapter then homes in on mountain futures, placing particular emphasis on three discussion points: gender, climate change, and Indigenous-led interventions.
Trimorphous Verb Bases in Betta Kurumba
Authors: Coelho Gail 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Betta Kurumba (BK) has developed three verb bases (past theme, nonpast theme, and bare theme) to which suffixes of various inflectional and derivational categories are attached. The first two end in formatives derived from Proto-Dravidian (PDr) tense-voice suffixes. The use of these themes in modern BK appears arbitrary because there is little systematic correlation in the modern language between the grammatical category in which they are used and their original PDr tense/voice features. However, an examination of certain formal and functional aspects of the three themes enables us to provide a historical account of their distribution. This chapter traces the likely changes that led to the current use of the three themes, arguing that they are the outcome of mergers between pre-BK conjunctive participles, past and nonpast tensed verb stems, and causative stems.
Syntactic Maintenance of Tamil Relative Clauses in Multilinguals
Authors: Lakshmanan Usha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study builds upon previous research on monolingual Tamil children’s acquisition of relative clauses to investigate syntactic maintenance of relativization in Tamil in multilingual 9–17-year-old adolescents (L1 Tamil speakers educated through the medium of English (L2) with Hindi as an L3). A picture-cued production task eliciting Subject and Direct Object relative clauses in the three languages found that multilingual adolescents performed similarly regardless of age and language proficiency. In L1, adolescents produced tag, participial, and (unlike younger monolingual Tamil children) correlative relative clauses. The participial relative predominated, similar to 5;0 to 6;6-year-old monolingual children and unlike monolingual children younger than 5 years, who preferred the tag relative. In L2, the postnominal embedded relative clause predominated; in L3, their least proficient language, the correlative predominated. The findings indicate a privileged role for syntax in ensuring separation between languages in multilingual children’s acquisition and use, thus promoting L1 maintenance and preempting convergence.
Agreement in Malto Conjunctive Participles
Authors: Kobayashi Masato 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Of the two perfective conjunctive participles of Malto, the -ko participle is invariant, whereas the -ke participle shows agreement with the subject, which is identical to that of the main clause. Since the subject of the -ko participle usually differs from that of the main clause, the -ke and -ko participles apparently form a switch-reference system. Given that different-subject affixes tend to be more complex in switch-reference systems, it is unusual that the same-subject affix shows agreement while the different-subject affix does not. Historically, Malto -ke is traced back to the Proto-Kuṛux-Malto verbal adjective. As predicative adjectives, the -ke participles are coindexed with the subjects of the main clause, whereas the -ko participle forms temporal clauses, which are adjuncts. Since the -ko conjunctive participle also has same-subject usage, the -ke and -ko participles are not in complementary distribution and should not be considered a switch-reference system.
Realist Drama as World Drama
Authors: Wang Ning 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although the term “realism” is often used to describe mainstream literary creative methods of nineteenth-century European novels, it also has its own historical origins, which are usually traced back to Aristotle who regarded it as an aesthetic principle of literary theory and criticism. Due to the ease with which drama can travel across languages and cultures worldwide, some playwrights who create works based on everyday life have transcended the boundaries of time and space, and their works have achieved global significance. Therefore, constructing a theoretical concept of realist drama as “world drama” is feasible because realism has been a constant in the history of drama as a genre. This chapter examines world drama as a type of theatrical work that transcends the limitations of time and space and can be performed, appreciated, and critically discussed by people globally. The works of English playwright William Shakespeare, a dramatist who has achieved almost unparalleled appreciation abroad, are a good example of world drama. The Marxist theoretical concept “Shakespearization” has helped scholars find commonalities in the ways in which Shakespeare’s works have been integrated into other cultures globally. Building on this concept, this chapter develops the idea of “Ibsenization” in the context of global drama. Focusing on the influence of Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen on modern Chinese drama, the chapter suggests new theoretical approaches to world drama that incorporate examples from the global tradition of realist theater practiced outside of Europe.
Pathways to Monastic Life
Authors: Meeks Lori 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using the autobiography of medieval Japanese monk Eison (1201–1290), this chapter discusses Buddhist monastic life, and taking the approach of “lived Buddhism,” it reveals the variety of ways monastic life is contingent upon relationships with a variety of actors. Eison’s autobiography provides rich details about his family life (e.g., his father was a monk, and he went to live with a shrine attendant when he was a young boy following the death of his mother). It also reveals the many different teachers he studied with, the pressure he faced to cover the costs of esoteric ritual training, his interactions with members of the laity, the deathbed services offered to loved ones, his study habits and methods, and his attitudes toward local and indigenous gods. Throughout, Eison’s autobiography is used to explore the ways in which monastic life in practice often diverged from the ideals presented in the vinaya.
Emotions and Expert Authority in Global Governance
Authors: Hor Amoz JY , Mongkolnchaiarunya Jittip 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Emotions are often overlooked but crucial in global governance. This chapter helps fill this gap by theorizing the emotional underpinnings of why people submit and even desire international expert authority in global governance. The chapter argues that the allure of expert authority is that it offers a way of coping with powerlessness in international politics. The chapter expands this argument through three sources of theoretical inspiration: Erich Fromm explains the emotional appeal of inhibiting authority, Melanie Klein demonstrates why the technical realities that experts construct can be so alluring, and Sara Ahmed shows how expertise itself circulates fear and faith in their own authority. These can be read as separate frameworks or steps that build on each other. The chapter illustrates these with brief examples in global governance, especially humanitarianism, climate governance, and nuclear politics.
Business and Human Rights
Authors: Jørgensen Rikke Frank , Akhtar Marya , Koch Pernille Boye 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The chapter engages with the notion of digital constitutionalism through the lens of the international human rights and business framework. Drawing on examples from the EU, it highlights how governments have translated the non-binding UN framework into legally binding regulation targeting tech giants and their platforms. The EU is an interesting case in relation to digital constitutionalism, business, and human rights, due to its unique supra-national construction and its long tradition of regulating companies, inter alia, to ensure respect for human rights. When examining the EU approach to business and human rights vis-à-vis the international human rights and business framework, the chapter focus on the procedural-substantial obligations related to human rights due diligence, as well as redress and enforcement mechanisms. In conclusion, it argues that while the EU’s risk-based approach to human rights and business in many ways represent an important step forward in terms of legally binding obligations on companies, its approach also entails weaknesses compared to the coherent and unified human rights-based approach that characterize the international human rights and business framework.