bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive and prognostic impact of primary tumor‐bearing lobe in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy
Authors: Takamori Shinkichi , Takada Kazuki , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Matsubara Taichi , Haratake Naoki , Miura Naoko , Toyozawa Ryo , Yamaguchi Masafumi , Takenoyama Mitsuhiro , Yoneshima Yasuto , Tanaka Kentaro , Okamoto Isamu , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Mori Masaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy targeting programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) has become a standard pharmacological therapy. Although tumor mutation burden level was reported to depend on the tumor location in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), predictive impact of the tumor location on the response to anti‐PD‐1 therapy is unknown. Two hundred and seventeen advanced or recurrent NSCLC patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 therapy at Kyushu University Hospital and National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center were analyzed. To minimize the bias arising from the patients’ background, adjusted Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses using inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) were performed. Of the 217 patients, 132, 27, and 58 had primary NSCLC in upper, middle, and lower lobes, respectively. Patients with NSCLC in upper lobe were significantly associated with younger age (P = .0070) and smoker (P = .0003). The epidermal growth factor receptor‐wild type and tumor location in upper lobe were independent predictors of disease control (P = .0175 and P = .0425, respectively). The IPTW‐adjusted Kaplan‐Meier curves showed that patients with NSCLC in the upper lobes had significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those in middle/lower lobes (P = .0026 and P = .0015, respectively). On IPTW adjusted Cox analysis, NSCLC in the upper lobe was an independent predictor of PFS and OS (P = .0078 and P = .0034, respectively). Patients with primary NSCLC in the upper lobes may be good candidates for anti‐PD‐1 therapy. These findings should be validated prospectively.
Novel factor Xa inhibitor, maslinic acid, with antiplatelet aggregation activity
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Min , Kim Jaehong , Baek Moon‐Chang , Bae Jong‐Sup 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs antithrombotic effects of maslinic acid (MA) have not yet been studied, MA‐mediated downregulation of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) and platelet aggregation was studied. We show that MA inhibited the enzymatic activity of FXa and platelet aggregation, induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) analog, U46619 with a similar antithrombotic efficacy to rivaroxaban, a direct FXa inhibitor used as a positive control. Mechanistically, MA suppressed U46619‐ or ADP‐induced phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine‐rich C kinase substrate, and the expression of P‐selectin, and activated PAC‐1 in platelets. MA increased generation of nitric oxide, but downregulated excessive secretion of endothelin‐1 in ADP‐ or U46619‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In arterial and pulmonary thrombosis mouse model, MA showed prominent anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects. Our data suggest MA as a candidate molecule for a new class of drugs targeting anti‐FXa and antiplatelet.
Coloring graphs with no induced five‐vertex path or gem
Authors: Chudnovsky Maria , Karthick T. , Maceli Peter , Maffray Frédéric 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor a graph , let and , respectively, denote the chromatic number and clique number of . We give an explicit structural description of (, gem)‐free graphs, and show that every such graph satisfies . Moreover, this bound is best possible. Here a gem is the graph that consists of an induced four‐vertex path plus a vertex which is adjacent to all the vertices of that path.
Time trends and predictors of survival in surgically resected early‐stage non–small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Shewale Jitesh B. , Corsini Erin M. , Correa Arlene M. , Brown Eric L. , Leon‐Novelo Luis G. , Nyitray Alan G. , Antonoff Mara B. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Mehran Reza J. , Rice David C. , Roth Jack , Walsh Garrett L. , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Swisher Stephen G. , Sepesi Boris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe improvement in the management of lung cancer have the potential to improve survival in patients undergoing resection for early‐stage (stage I and II) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but few studies have evaluated time trends and identified predictors of overall survival (OS).MethodsWe identified surgically resected early‐stage NSCLC between 1998 and 2016. The 3‐year OS (1998‐2014) and 5‐year OS (1998‐2012) rates were calculated for each year. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate annual percentage changes (APC) and to test time trends in OS. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify predictors of OS.ResultsThere was a significant upward trend in the 3‐year (1998, 56%; 2014, 83%; APC = 1.8) and 5‐year (1998, 47%; 2012, 76%; APC = 3.1) OS. Older age; male sex; history of diabetes, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; high ASA score; smoking pack‐years; high‐grade tumor; pneumonectomy; thoracotomy; neoadjuvant therapy; nodal disease; and positive tumor margin were predictors of poor OS.ConclusionThe upward time trend in OS suggests that improved staging, patient selection, and management have conferred a survival benefit in early‐stage NSCLC patients. The prediction model of OS could be used to refine selection criteria for resection and improve survival outcomes.
The effect of fin types of the heatsinks on radiated emission on the printed circuit board at S‐C band
Authors: Basyigit Ibrahim Bahadir , Genc Abdullah , Dogan Habib , Helhel Selcuk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHeatsinks are widely utilized to maintain the temperature of the electronic circuit components on the printed circuit board (PCB) within a certain range. Even they are thermally used for maximum cooling; they can also act as a source of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, causing EM interference (EMI) to their surrounding elements in certain cases. In this article, the heatsinks with various fin types such as plate‐fin, parabole‐plate fin, square‐pin fin, and circular‐pin fin are designed and fabricated to investigate EMI and thermal performances. The simulated and measured results of the reflection coefficient and normalized radiation pattern are obtained and compared in the S‐C band (2‐8 GHz). The dimension of the heatsink base regarding the patch antenna determines the first resonance frequency (4.75 GHz) while its height regarding the monopole antenna determines the second resonance frequency (6.75 GHz). It is aimed to investigate the effect of fin types of them and their orientation on radiated emission (RE) on the PCB. If the operating frequencies of the circuit elements near the heatsink are in the 2 to 3.4 GHz, 4.7 to 5.6 GHz, 5.6 to 6.15 GHz, and 6.85 to 8 GHz, it is preferable to use pin‐fin type instead of plate fins to reduce the RE from the heatsinks. However, in the 6.15 to 6.85 GHz, plate fins types should be preferred. All heatsinks regardless of fin types in the 2 to 2.2 GHz, 3.6 to 5.6 GHz, and 6.6 to 7.2 GHz should be located as horizontal. However, for 2.2 to 3.6 GHz, 5.6 to 6.6 GHz, and 7.6 to 8 GHz frequency bands, they should be located as vertical. Consequently, while pin‐fin type heatsink is preferred in 50% of the entire frequency band, it is better to use plate‐fin type heatsink in 35% of the band. Regardless of the type of heatsink used, it is significant to place the heatsink horizontally and vertically in 35% and 34% of the frequency band, respectively.
Morpholine‐based RAFT agents for the reversible deactivation radical polymerization of vinyl acetate and N‐vinylimidazole
Authors: Vijayakrishna Kari , Manojkumar Kasina , Haribabu PM , GyanaRanjan Behera , Tilottama Baisakhi , Agirre Amaia , Meabe Leire , Mantione Daniele , Porcarelli Luca , R Leiza Jose , Mecerreyes David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of less‐activated monomers in a controlled fashion is challenging due to the high reactivity and instability of the propagating radicals. We have designed dithiocarbamate‐based RAFT agents with morpholine as activating ‘Z’ group and benzyl, ethyl(1‐ethanoate)yl, ethyl(2‐propanoate)yl and cyanomethyl as ‘R’ leaving groups and investigated them for the reversible deactivation radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and N‐vinylimidazole (N‐VIm). RAFT polymerization of VAc and N‐VIm at 70 °C using azobisisobutyronitrile as a free radical initiator proceeded in a controlled fashion as demonstrated by a linear increase in molar mass with conversion. Interestingly, the polymerization of VAc followed fast kinetics (approx. 60 min) with good to moderate control affording high‐molar‐mass poly(VAc) polymers. Furthermore, the synthesized chain transfer agents were able to polymerize N‐VIm under controlled conditions. The morpholine RAFT agents bearing cyanomethyl and ethyl(2‐propanoate)yl leaving groups showed better control of the polymerization of VAc and N‐VIm compared to the others. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
CD4+ T helper 17 cell response of aged mice promotes prostate cancer cell migration and invasion
Authors: Liu Sen , Liu Fengli , Zhang Bing , Yan Peng , Rowan Brian G. , Abdel‐Mageed Asim B. , Steele Chad , Jazwinski S. Michal , Moroz Krzysztof , Norton Elizabeth B. , Wang Alun , Myers Leann , Sartor Oliver , Zhang Qiuyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAging is the most important risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa), but how age contributes to PCa is poorly understood. Aging is characterized by low‐grade systemic inflammation (i.e., inflammaging) that is often attributed to the progressive activation of immune cells over time, which may play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. Th17 response is elevated in aging humans and mice, but it remains unknown whether it is increased in prostate tissue or contributes to prostate carcinogenesis during aging. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of age‐related Th17 response in PCa cell growth, migration, and invasion.MethodsC57BL/6J (B6) mouse was used as an aging animal model and the prostate histopathology during aging was analyzed. Splenic CD4+ T cells were isolated from young (16‐20 weeks old) and aged (96‐104 weeks old) mice, and cultured in the presence of plate‐bound anti‐CD3/anti‐CD28, with or without Th17 differentiation conditions. The cells were collected and used for subsequent flow cytometry or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The supernatant was collected and used to treat PCa cell lines. The treated PCa cells were analyzed for cell viability, migration, invasion, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling.ResultsAged mice had enlarged prostate glands and increased morphological alterations, with not only increased inflammatory cell infiltration but also increased Th17 cytokines in prostate tissue, compared to young mice. Naïve CD4+ T cells from aged mice differentiated increased interleukin (IL)‐17‐expressing cells. CD4+ T cells from aged mice spleen had increased Th17 cells, Th17 cytokines and Th17/Treg ratio compared to young mice. Factors secreted from aged CD4+ T cells, especially from ex vivo differentiated Th17 cells, not only promoted PCa cell viability, migration, and invasion but also activated the NF‐κB signaling in PCa cells compared to young mice.ConclusionsThese results indicate that age‐related CD4+ T cells, especially Th17 cells‐secreted factors have the potential to contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. Our work could prompt further research using autochthonous PCa mouse models at different ages to elucidate the functional role of Th17 response in prostate carcinogenesis during aging.
Growth regulation by amino acid transporters in Drosophila larvae
Authors: Manière Gérard , Alves Georges , Berthelot-Grosjean Martine , Grosjean Yael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDrosophila larvae need to adapt their metabolism to reach a critical body size to pupate. This process needs food resources and has to be tightly adjusted to control metamorphosis timing and adult size. Nutrients such as amino acids either directly present in the food or obtained via protein digestion play key regulatory roles in controlling metabolism and growth. Amino acids act especially on two organs, the fat body and the brain, to control larval growth, body size developmental timing and pupariation. The expression of specific amino acid transporters in fat body cells, and in the brain through specific neurons and glial cells is essential to activate downstream molecular signaling pathways in response to amino acid levels. In this review, we highlight some of these specific networks dependent on amino acid diet to control DILP levels, and by consequence larval metabolism and growth.
Challenges of predicting gas transfer velocity from wind measurements over global lakes
Authors: Klaus Marcus , Vachon Dominic 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEstimating air–water gas transfer velocities (k) is integral to understand biogeochemical and ecological processes in aquatic systems. In lakes, k is commonly predicted using wind-based empirical models, however, their predictive performance under conditions that differ from their original calibration remains largely unassessed. Here, we collected 2222 published k estimates derived from various methods in 46 globally distributed lakes to (1) evaluate the predictions of a selection of six available wind-speed based k models for lakes and (2) explore and develop new empirical models to predict k over global lakes. We found that selected k models generally performed poorly in predicting k in lakes. Model predictions were more accurate than simply assuming a mean k in only 2–39% of all lakes, however, we could not identify with confidence the specific conditions in which some models outperformed others. We developed new wind-based models in which additional variables describing the spatial coverage of k estimates and the lake size and shape had a significant effect on the wind speed-k relationship. Although these new models did not fit the global dataset significantly better than previous k models, they generate overall less biased predictions for global lakes. We further provide explicit estimates of prediction errors that integrate methodological and lake-specific uncertainties. Our results highlight the potential limits when using wind-based models to predict k across lakes and urge scientists to properly account for prediction errors, or measure k directly in the field whenever possible.
Mitochondrial DNA control region variation in a population sample from Thailand
Authors: Sauer Dirk Christopher , Naue Jana , Immel Uta-Dorothee , Lutz-Bonengel Sabine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences from hair samples of 213 individuals from Thailand were analyzed using Sanger sequencing. A total of 170 different haplotypes were identified, of which 146 occurred only once (unique haplotypes). The dataset showed a random match probability of 0.87% and a haplotype diversity of 0.9960. The samples were assigned to 85 different haplogroups with B5a, F1a1a, and M being the most frequent ones. Pairwise FST-values between this and other Southeast and East Asian populations revealed significant but relatively low differences, indicating a close relation. Heteroplasmic positions were observed in 12.2% of hair samples confirming the frequent appearance of heteroplasmic positions in hairs. This dataset will complement existing data as an mtDNA reference for forensic investigations.
Significance of norovirus in occupational health: a review of published norovirus outbreaks in Central and Northern Europe
Authors: Hofmann Felix Martin , Olawumi Edward , Michaelis Martina , Stößel Ulrich , Hofmann Friedrich 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Globally, norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of gastroenteritis infection among all ages. The development of prevention strategies in the field of occupational health requires a detailed knowledge about the impact of the disease on employees. This review article aims not only at evaluating the burden of NoV outbreaks on staff but also at discussing implications for future prevention strategies.

Methods
Published NoV outbreaks in Central and Northern Europe were identified via a systematic literature search. Additionally, published NoV outbreaks in Germany were detected via a manual literature search. Key epidemiological data, as the number of symptomatic staff, was then extracted. The proportion of affected employees was calculated for each dataset (single NoV outbreaks or aggregated data of multiple outbreaks).

Results
Overall, 116 datasets were extracted from 72 relevant articles. 144,852 persons were affected by NoV gastroenteritis, 25,408 out of them (17.5%) were employees. 23,874 (94.0%) of them fell sick during outbreaks in hospitals and related settings. NoV cases among personnel in food establishments were reported only sporadically (mean ratio: 0.01).

Conclusions
Employees in hospitals and community facilities seem quantitatively to be most vulnerable towards NoV epidemics. Therefore, high quality of prevention measures in these settings, respective compliance with prevention strategies should have the highest priority. The disease can be considered as an occupational disease, even regularly without long-term consequences. Following work safety rules, a vaccination for vulnerable groups should be recommended if the vaccine development turns out to be successful.
Complementary medicine use in US adults with a history of colorectal cancer: a nationally representative survey
Authors: Wong Charlene HL , Sundberg Tobias , Chung Vincent CH , Voiss Petra , Cramer Holger 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the USA, colorectal cancer is among the top diagnosed cancers. The current study specifically targets the US adult population that have a history of colorectal cancer.MethodsWe used the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to investigate the prevalence and predictors of colorectal cancer survivors using complementary medicine in the past 12 months in a representative sample of the US population (N = 26,742). We descriptively analyzed the 12-month prevalence of any complementary medicine use separately for individuals with a prior diagnosis of colorectal cancer and those without. Using chi-squared tests and backward stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses, we identified predictors of complementary medicine use in the past 12 months.ResultsA weighted total of 1,501,481 US adults (0.6%) had a history of colorectal cancer. More individuals without (weightedn = 76,550,503; 31.2%) than those with a history of colorectal cancer (weightedn = 410,086; 27.3%) had used complementary medicine. The most commonly used complementary medicine among colorectal cancer patients was mind-body medicine, followed by chiropractic. A higher prevalence of complementary medicine use was associated with being female, higher educated and/or living in the US Midwest or South.ConclusionsIn this study, over one fourth of the US colorectal cancer survivors had used complementary medicine. Mind-body medicine was found to be the most commonly used. With evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of mind-body medicine use among colorectal cancer patients, promoting the use of evidence-based mind-body medicine for colorectal cancer management could be considered.
The evolution of an SBNS-accredited NANSIG simulated skills workshop for aspiring neurosurgical trainees: an analysis of qualitative and quantitative data
Authors: Gough Melissa , Solomou Georgios , Khan Danyal Zaman , Kamel Mohammed , Fountain Daniel , Kumaria Ashwin , Ashpole Richard , Sinha Saurabh , Mendoza Nigel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The Neurology and Neurosurgery Interest Group (NANSIG) neurosurgical skills workshop is novel in teaching neurosurgical skills solely to medical students and foundation trainees in the UK. The aim is to offer an affordable option for a high-fidelity simulation course enabling students to learn and practise specific neurosurgical skills in a safe, supervised environment.

Methods
A 10-delegate cohort was quantitatively assessed at the NANSIG neurosurgical skills workshop. Two assessors used a novel modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (mOSATS) assessment tool, comprising 5 domains ranked according to a 5-point scale to rate delegates’ ability to create a burr hole. Qualitative data from previous workshops were collected, consisting of open-ended, closed-ended and 5-point Likert scale responses to pre- and post-workshop questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS® software.

Results
Delegates scored a mean total of 62.1% (21.75/35) and 85.1% (29.8/35) in pre- and post-workshop assessments respectively revealing a statistically significant improvement. Regarding percentage of improvement, no significant difference was shown amongst candidates when comparing the number of neurosurgical cases observed and/or assisted in the past. There was no significant difference in the overall rating between the last two workshops (4.89 and 4.8 out of 5, respectively). One hundred percent of the attendees reported feeling more confident in assisting in theatre after the last two workshops.

Conclusion
We show that a simulation workshop cannot only objectively quantify the improvement of surgical skill acquisition but can also be beneficial regardless of the extent of prior experience.
The relationship of leukoaraiosis, haemorrhagic transformation and prognosis at 3 months after intravenous thrombolysis in elderly patients aged ≥ 60 years with acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Zhang Jiatang , Tian Chenglin , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Backgroud
As the elderly stroke population continues to increase, we will have to confront greater challenges regarding how to choose suitable patients to reduce thrombolysis-related bleeding events and accurately judge their prognosis. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship among leukoaraiosis (LA), haemorrhagic transformation (HT) and the prognosis at 3 months after intravenous (IV) thrombolysis in elderly patients aged ≥ 60 years with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

Methods
We prospectively and consecutively chose 125 elderly patients aged ≥ 60 years with ACI who could accept and be suitable for IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) after excluding 6 cases. Brain computed tomography(CT) was used to assess LA by using the modified Van Swieten scale (mVSS) before treatment and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) to appraise prognosis at 3 months after IV rtPA. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the predictors of HT and the prognosis of ACI.

Results
Our data indicated that by brain CT, 26.4% of all patients showed severe LA, and the rate of HT and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) were 12.0% and 9.6%, respectively. Severe LA was evidently associated with HT (odds ratio [OR] 3.272, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.010–10.598, P = 0.048) rather sICH (P > 0.05). Moreover, we also found that severe LA was associated with poor functional prognosis (OR 5.266, 95% CI 1.592–17.419, P = 0.006).

Conclusion
Our results showed that LA was associated with HT and adverse clinical prognosis rather sICH after IV rtPA in elderly patients aged ≥60 years with ACI. Although LA may increase the risk of bleeding but not fatal haemorrhage after IV thrombolysis, therefore, we should actively select an appropriate elderly population for thrombolytic treatment and have reasonable judgments on the outcomes.