bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum-constituents analyses: effect of duration and temperature of storage of clotted blood.
Authors: Ono T , Kitaguchi K , Takehara M , Shiiba M , Hayami K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We studied the effects on 25 analytes of duration of contact of serum with non-anticoagulated blood and of temperature. Serum was separated after blood was allowed to stand, for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, or 48 h at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C. Results obtained for bilirubin, albumin, zinc sulfate turbidity, thymol turbidity, cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1), amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), total cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-lipoprotein, serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) were not influenced by storage at 4, 24, or 30 degrees C for as long as 48 h. Negligible differences were seen for potassium in sera in contact with cells as long as 24 h at 23 degrees C and for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 4 degrees C. However, at 4 degrees C we noted an increase at 8 h, a slight decrease at 30 degrees C. Statistically significant changes were seen for total protein and calcium after 48 h at 30 degrees C; for aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C and as soon as 6 h at 30 degrees C; for lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) after 8 h at 30 degrees C and between 8 and 24 h at 23 degrees C; for glucose at 24, 4, or 2 h of storage at 4, 23, or 30 degrees C, respectively; for inorganic phosphorus after 48 h at 23 degrees C or 8 h at 30 degrees C; for potassium after 4 h at 4 degrees C or 24 h at 30 degrees C; and for sodium after 48 h at 4 degrees C or 6 h at 23 or 30 degrees C.
gamma-Glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities compared in serum of normal children and children with liver disease.
Authors: Knight J A , Haymond R E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We compared alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) activities in sera from children with various hepatic diseases with values for normal children. Although values for both enzymes are above normal in essentially the same liver disorders, the latter is much more specific and sensitive. A single value for alkaline phosphatase, measured at any time during childhood or at any stage of liver disease, is extremely difficult to interpret. We suggest that measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase routinely replace alkaline phosphatase as a screening test and in following patients with obstructive or infiltrative hepatic disorders. We give reliable reference intervals for gamma-glutamyltransferase covering the entire pediatric age group.
Automated particle-counting immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein.
Authors: Collet-Cassart D , Magnusson C G , Ratcliffe J G , Cambiaso C L , Masson P L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
PACIA, a homogeneous non-radioimmunoassay, has been adapted to the determination of serum alpha 1-fetoprotein. This technique is based on the agglutination of latex particles coated with antibodies to the antigen to be determined. The agglutination is measured by using an optical cell counter designed to count blood cells, to determine the reduction in the number of non-agglutinated particles. Interferences by serum constituents are avoided by coating the particles with the F(ab')2-fragments of th immunoglobulin G fraction of the antiserum. The system is automated, with a sampling rate of 50/h and an incubation time of 26 min. Concentrations used in preparing the standard curve ranged from 1 to 50 microgram/L; analytical recoveries were 93.5 to 98.4%; the correlation coefficient of PACIA with radioimmunoassay, calculated from results on 127 samples, was 0.98; maximum within- and between-assay CVs were 7.4% and 9.6%, respectively.
Polarized Zeeman-effect flameless atomic absorption spectrometry of cadmium, copper, lead, and manganese in human kidney cortex.
Authors: Pleban P A , Kerkay J , Pearson K H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We used polarized Zeeman-effect flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy to quantitatively measure cadmium, copper, lead, and manganese in a nitric acid digest of lyophilized human kidney cortex. Within-run coefficients of variation for cadmium, copper, lead, and manganese, 15.3, 177.2, 84.2, and 56.3 microgram/L, respectively, were 4.1, 6.3, 3.7, and 5.6%, respectively. Between-run coefficients of variation were 6.9, 5.5, 5.9, and 6.3%, respectively, for cadmium, copper, lead, and manganese concentrations of 135.1, 12.8, 2.72, and 3.80 microgram/g, respectively. For cadmium, copper, lead, and manganese digest concentrations (mean +/- SE) of 15.3 +/- 0.6, 41.4 +/- 2.6, 9.4 +/- 0.6, and 20.9 +/- 0.4 microgram/L, respectively, the detection limits were 5.2 microgram/L for copper, 1.2 microgram/L for both cadmium and lead, and 0.8 microgram/L for manganese. Assays were linear to 75 microgram/L for cadmium, 100 microgram/L for manganese, and 200 microgram/L for copper and lead. Average analytical recoveries for the four metals ranged between 95 and 101%. Because these metals were quantitated in the same digest of kidney cortex, the values for each digest gave a trace-metal profile for each autopsy specimen.
Zinc determined in 10-microL serum or urine samples by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry.
Authors: Vieira N E , Hansen J W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe a precise flameless atomic absorption spectrometric method requiring only 10 microL of sample, which thus permits repeated measurements in the neonate. Standard curves covering the range of 0 to 30 mg of zinc per liter, with standards in various matrixes (albumin, glycerol, serum, or nitric acid) had slopes ranging from 0.49 to 1.17, relative to that for aqueous standards. We prepared low-zinc matrixes, which had slopes similar to that of serum, by dialyzing serum or a 50 g/L solution of albumin vs a buffered zinc-free dialysis fluid containing appropriate inorganic constituents. Use of thoroughly de-ionized water, reagent-grade chemicals, "ultrapure" nitric acid, specified disposable plastic ware, and appropriate pipet tip-rinsing techniques minimized extraneous contamination with zinc. Concentrations of zinc in serum calculated from a "rational-method" calibration algorithm fit to the standard curve agreed well with independent determinations by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
A candidate reference method for determination of total protein in serum. II. Test for transferability.
Authors: Doumas B T , Bayse D D , Borner K , Carter R J , Elevitch F , Garber C C , Graby R A , Hause L L , Mather A , Peters T , Rand R N , Reeder D J , Russell S M , Schaffer R , Westgard J O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The transferability of the candidate Reference Method for total serum protein was tested in eight laboratories in the United States and Europe. National Bureau of Standards SRM 927 (bovine serum albumin) was used in each analytical run as the calibration standard. The mean absorptivity value obtained for this material was 0.2983 L g-1 cm-1. Four serum pools prepared at the Centers for Disease Control were analyzed on each of 15 days. Within-run variation of the protein values (expressed as CV) in the eight laboratories ranged from 0.1 to 2.5% and day-to-day (total) variation in six of the laboratories ranged from 0.4 to 1%.
Estimation, prevention, and quality control of carbon dioxide loss during aerobic sample processing.
Authors: Bandi Z L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We find that 2 to 6 mmol of carbon dioxide per liter (mean: 4.1 mmol/L) is lost during routine laboratory processing of patients' serum samples after centrifugation. Additional CO2 may be lost if evacuated blood-collection tubes are not filled completely during phlebotomy. More than 2 mmol of CO2 per liter is lost from samples stored in tightly stoppered tubes for 120 min if the tubes are less than half full. In extreme cases, 8 mmol of CO2 per liter may be lost from samples exposed to room air in open cups of automated micro-sample instruments. Clinically significant CO2 loss (greater than 2 mmol/L) before analysis is not detected by many laboratories because the generally accepted quality-control programs monitor only the very last step of the analytical process. A valid CO2 quality-control program should include samples with high as well as the generally used low pCO2 values. Alkalinization of serum and plasma samples with tert-butylamine prevents CO2 loss. Optimum tert-butylamine concentration, pH, and pCO2 were about 14 to 16 mmol/L, 9.0 to 9.3, and 0.4 to 1.5 mmHg (about 50 to 200 Pa).
Many hitherto unknown peptides are principal constituents of uremic "middle molecules".
Authors: Menyhárt J , Gróf J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to collect information on the molecular composition of uremic "middle molecules," the 500-5000 molecular-mass serum constituents assumed to be involved in the molecular etiology of uremic intoxication. For this purpose, three fractions of serum containing such molecules were separated by cation-exchange column chromatography. These fractions absorb at 240 nm and are characteristically increased in chronic uremia. By one-dimensional paper chromatography of these fractions it was demonstrated that each could be resolved into at least seven (altogether, 21) ninhydrin-positive subfractions. These, like the original fractions, yielded amino acids on acid hydrolysis. The qualitative amino acid composition of the subfractions differed substantially, both from each other and from that of 31 known peptides with which they were compared. We conclude that hitherto unknown peptides with only limited diffusibility through hemodialysis membranes constitute the main bulk of uremic middle molecules.
Evaluation of chronic granulomatous disease by a chemiluminescence assay of microliter quantities of whole blood.
Authors: DeChatelet L R , Shirley P S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In our modification of a chemiluminescence assay to detect chronic granulomatous disease of childhood, whole blood is used and dark-adaptation is not required. This improvement was made possible by the use of luminol as an amplification device and of phorbol myristate acetate as a stimulant. Using this simplified assay, we can assess neutrophil function with 25-100 microL of whole blood, permitting simple evaluation even in very young pediatric patients.
Multicomponent radioimmunoassay: simultaneous measurement of choriomammotropin and pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein in pregnancy serum.
Authors: Vihko R , Koskinen L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe a receptacle for use in the simultaneous radioimmunoassay of two serum constituents in a single sample, and the application of this principle for the measurement of human pregnancy serum choriomammotropin and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein. The analytical performance of this multicomponent radioimmunoassay approaches that of conventional radioimmunoassays. By following the principle described, it is likely that large numbers of constituents can be efficiently measured in single samples.
Simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in plasma or serum.
Authors: Jongen M J , van der Vijgh W J , Willems H J , Netelenbos J C , Lips P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe a simultaneous assay for the principal vitamin D metabolites: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24-25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Special attention has been paid to simplification of the extensive extraction and purification procedures used in previously described simultaneous assays. All three metabolites were isolated with a single extraction step, followed by only one gradient liquid-chromatographic procedure. For final quantitation we used competitive protein binding assays, involving readily available binding proteins and commercially purchased tritiated vitamin D metabolites. Concentrations in the plasma of healthy subjects (mean age, 27 years), sampled during December were 51 (SD 17) nmol/L, 4.1 (SD 1.3) nmol/L, and 124 (SD 26) pmol/L for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, respectively. Intra- and interassay CVs for the three metabolites were 4.4 and 3.9%, 6.7 and 8.0%, and 7.0 and 4.8%, respectively.
A multilaboratory-evaluated reference method for the determination of serum sodium.
Authors: Schaffer R , Velapoldi R A , Paule R C , Mandel J , Bowers G N , Copeland B E , Rodgerson D O , White J C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We carried out a statistically designed, multilaboratory study to evaluate a flame atomic emission spectroscopic (FAES) method for serum sodium as a Reference Method. definitive values for the serum pools for the study, with sodium in the 110-160 mmol/L range, were determined at the National Bureau of Standards by an ion-exchange/gravimetry method. The multilaboratory FAES results were judged against the preselected performance criteria for the Reference Method: maximum imprecision 1.5 mmol/L, maximum bias 2.0 mmol/L. The standard error of a single laboratory's performance of the method varied with concentration from 0.46 to 0.86 mmol/L with a maximum bias of 1.0 mmol/L; thus, the criteria were satisfied. The cooperating laboratories performed the method with either manual or semi-automated pipetting. Although both modes of pipetting satisfied our acceptability criteria, only the method with semi-automated pipetting is described here as the Reference Method. The statistical results indicate that the precision criterion can be fulfilled with fewer than four replicate analyses.
Detection and identification of monoclonal components: immunoelectrophoresis on agarose gel and immunofixation on cellulose acetate compared.
Authors: Merlini G , Piro P , Pavesi F , Epis R , Aguzzi F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Immunofixation on cellulose acetate has been compared with immunoelectrophoresis on agarose gel. We studied 90 sera containing monoclonal components and 10 containing polyclonal immunoglobulins according to agarose gel screening electrophoresis. Results by the two methods agreed about 80% of the time for monoclonal components in concentrations exceeding 1-2 g/L. Immunofixation appeared more sensitive, but it is more susceptible to technical artifacts. Immunofixation may be adopted as a first-step method for easier cases, but it should be supported by immunoelectrophoresis for difficult cases, such as when there is an uncertain presence of monoclonal components at screening electrophoresis or presence of more and (or) small bands of monoclonal components.
Sample viscosity can be a source of analytical error when discrete sampler-dilutors are used.
Authors: Chan K M , Ladenson J H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Total protein concentration in the serum of a patient with hyperviscosity syndrome differed as measured by the biuret procedure in the DuPont aca (80 g/L) and the SMA 12/60 (105 g/L), owing to viscosity-dependent errors with the aca sampling system; the magnitude depended on sample temperature and volume of sample aspirated. This kind of error was not observed with the SMA 12/60 and was far less severe when a Micromedic sampler-dilutor was tested. It could be eliminated in the case of the aca by adding sample to test packs with a syringe rather than with the aca automated sampler-dilutor. We thus recommend use of the syringe method when unusually viscous samples (serum or other body fluids) are analyzed in the aca.
Determination of hemoglobin derivatives with IL 282 CO-oximeter as compared with a manual spectrophotometric five-wavelength method.
Authors: Zwart A , Buursma A , Oeseburg B , Zijlstra W G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hemoglobin derivatives as determined with the IL 282 CO-Oximeter correlated well with results by a manual five-wavelength method, which in turn had been checked against established methods for one or two derivatives. Measurement of total hemoglobin yielded almost identical results with both methods. As for oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and hemiglobin, agreement between the two methods was fair. Although the IL 282 CO-Oximeter has not been constructed for the determination of sulfhemoglobin, it appeared that the instrument can still give a strong indication as to the presence of this hemoglobin derivative. Results from the IL 282 for fetal human blood should be used with caution, especially because of the possibility of falsely high HbCO readings.
Colorimetry of angiotensin-I converting enzyme activity in serum.
Authors: Kasahara Y , Ashihara Y 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This simple, accurate, and reproducible colorimetric method for determining the activity of angiotensin-I converting enzyme is based upon colorimetry of the quinoneimine dye produced from the substrate p-hydroxyhippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine by action of this enzyme through the following series of reactions. The enzyme acts on the substrate to yield p-hydroxyhippuric acid and L-histidyl-L-leucine. The former is then hydrolyzed in the presence of hippuricase to produce p-hydroxybenzoic acid and glycine. Finally, oxidative coupling of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with 4-aminoantipyrine is catalyzed by peroxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, producing a quinoneimine dye, the concentration of which is measured at its absorbance maximum at 505 nm to evaluate the activity of ACE. The Km value for the above-mentioned substrate is 0.32 mmol/L, the optimum pH is 8.3. Results by the present method and Cushman and Cheung's method (Biochem. Pharmacol. 20: 1637, 1971) correlate closely (r = 0.986). The within-run CV is 2.93%.
New extraction method for radioimmunoassay of serum estradiol.
Authors: Eriksen P B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new extraction procedure is applied here to radioimmunoassay of serum estradiol. Small columns packed with porous, grainy kieselguhr are loaded with the samples. The kieselguhr material acts as support for the water phase, from which the lipophilic compound estradiol is eluted with diethyl ether. With use of a specially constructed rack, several columns can be handled simultaneously, which makes the procedure convenient for routine use: 40 columns can be processed in about 30 min, including application of samples, elution, and evaporation of solvent. The results correlate well (r = 0.98) with those by conventional liquid-liquid extraction, and the new method has lower interassay coefficients of variation. When tritiated estradiol in water solution was applied onto the columns, 97.7% was recovered in the extract. The current cost of materials used for the extraction is about $0.20 per column.
A Modified Radioimmunoassay for 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalcifero
Authors: Gray T K , McAdoo T , Pool D , Lester G E , Williams M E , Jones G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
vol. 27
p 460: The decimal in "4.0" is not clearly obvious in the body of Figure 4.
p 462: Column one, third paragraph, line 24: "50 pg" should read "50 ng."
p 580: Authors' corrections for this paper were received too late. The following corrections are needed. Abstract, last sentence: substitute "volatile profiles" for "these volatiles"; p 581, fourth paragraph, line 4: "0.5%" should read "0.2%"; column two, first line, "as a point" should read "or, equivalently, as points"; four lines further down, "X" should read "W"; three lines further down, remove hyphens from "sign of the dot"; in Table 1, p 582, remove "2-t-butylphenol" from bottom right.
p 787: Boehringer Mannheim Corp. no longer supports the Award mentioned in column one. Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics (formerly Hycel) supports the Award mentioned in column two.
p 984: The authors of the abstract on this page (Ash) and that on p 985 (Ferrone) are interchanged.
p 1041: The abstract numbered 084 here was printed again elsewhere. Abstract 084 should read:
See table in the PDF file
p 1045: The author of abstract no. 105 is V.B. Kambli (Norwalk Hospital, Norwalk, CT 06856).
p 1190: Under Materials and Methods, line 7: change "µmol" to "mmol" in both mentions.
p 1389: Column two, line 3: "Table 1" should read "Table 2." Table 2, not originally supplied, should have read as follows.
See table in the PDF file
p 1472: Column one, fifth full paragraph down: the word "restricted" should read "unrestricted."
Myelin basic protein, oligoclonal bands, and IgG in cerebrospinal fluid as indicators of multiple sclerosis.
Authors: Gerson B , Cohen S R , Gerson I M , Guest G H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
There currently are three clinical laboratory procedures for use with cerebrospinal fluid that assist in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: measurement of myelin basic protein and IgG, and demonstration of an oligoclonal band. We compared characteristics of these procedures, using CSF samples from 166 patients identified as having (54 patients) or not having (112 patients) multiple sclerosis. We find that oligoclonal band demonstration is the most useful single test in helping to establish the presence of multiple sclerosis; IgG quantitation is the least helpful. Myelin basic protein should be quantitated for following the activity of multiple sclerosis; it may be applied only selectively in the context of screening. The incidence of false-positive results reinforces the view that the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis must be made in clinical context. These laboratory procedures are not suitable for use as screening tests.
Estimation of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from data on triglyceride concentration in plasma.
Authors: Wilson P W , Abbott R D , Garrison R J , Castelli W P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We examined the relationship in a large-living population between the concentration of triglycerides in plasma from fasting persons and the concentration of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as determined after preparative ultracentrifugation. Data from individuals in the Framingham Heart Study who were free of coronary heart disease, did not have Fredrickson Type I, III, or V hyperlipoproteinemia, and whose plasma-triglyceride values were less than 4000 mg/L were considered in the analyses. A total of 4100 Framingham Offspring, ages 20-49 years, met these criteria, as did 2284 participants in the original Framingham Cohort, aged 50-79 years. We estimated a linear regression model with an intercept and slope coefficient, using VLDL-C (units, mg/L) as the dependent variable and triglycerides as the dependent variable. The intercept was approximately 30.0 mg/L, and the slope coefficient for triglycerides was about 0.20 when all age and sex groups were combined. However, when the analysis was performed by age group, the slope coefficient for triglycerides increased with each age group only for women. The model, in which a different intercept and slope is used for each age and sex group was statistically better than a previously developed simpler model. On the other hand, the older model, in which VLDL-C is easily estimated by multiplying the triglyceride value by 0.20, is reasonably accurate and is very simple to use. The generalizability of the model is discussed in the light of results from other population studies.