bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The conditioned medium of human embryonic stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviates neurological deficits and improves synaptic recovery in experimental stroke
Authors: Asgari Taei Afsaneh , Dargahi Leila , Nasoohi Sanaz , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Kadivar Mehdi , Farahmandfar Maryam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is of main approaches in regenerative therapy for stroke. Due to the potential tumorigenicity and low survival rate of transplanted cells, focuses have been shifted from cell replacement to their paracrine effects. Therefore, stem cell‐conditioned medium (CM) therapy has emerged as an alternative candidate. Here, we investigated the effect of CM derived from human embryonic MSCs on experimental ischemic stroke. Wistar rats underwent ischemic stroke by the right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). CM was infused either one time (1 hr post‐MCAO) or three times (1, 24, and 48 hr post‐MCAO) through guide cannula into the left lateral ventricle. Neurological functions were evaluated using Bederson's test and modified Neurological Severity Score on Days 1, 3, and 7 following MCAO. Infarction volumes and cerebral edema were measured on Days 3 and 7. growth‐associated protein‐43, synaptophysin, cAMP response element‐binding protein, and phosphorylated‐cAMP response element‐binding protein levels were also assessed in peri‐ischemic cortical tissue on Day 7 postsurgery. Our results indicated that three times injections of CM could significantly reduce body weight loss, mortality rate, infarct volumes, cerebral edema, and improve neurological deficits in MCAO rats. Moreover, three injections of CM could restore decreased levels of synaptic markers in MCAO rats up to its normal levels observed in the sham group. Our data suggest that using the CM obtained from embryonic stem cells–MSCs could be a potent therapeutic approach to attenuate cerebral ischemia insults which may be partly mediated through modulation of synaptic plasticity.
The MTNR1A mRNA is stabilized by the cytoplasmic hnRNPL in renal tubular cells
Authors: Huang Yen‐Sung , Lu Kuo‐Cheng , Chao Hsu‐Wen , Chen Ann , Chao Tai‐Kuang , Guo Cheng‐Yi , Hsieh Hsin‐Yi , Shih Hsiu‐Ming , Sytwu Huey‐Kang , Wu Chia‐Chao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe downregulation of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) is associated with a range of pathological conditions, including membranous nephropathy. Knowledge of the mechanism underlying MTNR1A expression has been limited to the transcriptional regulation level. Here, RNA interference screening in human kidney cells revealed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNPL) upregulated MTNR1A RNA post‐transcriptionally. hnRNPL knockdown or overexpression led to increased or decreased levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate‐responsive element‐binding protein phosphorylation, respectively. Molecular studies showed that cytoplasmic hnRNPL exerts a stabilizing effect on the MTNR1A transcript through CA‐repeat elements in its coding region. Further studies revealed that the interaction between hnRNPL and MTNR1A serves to protect MNTR1A RNA degradation by the exosome component 10 protein. MTNR1A, but not hnRNPL, displays a diurnal rhythm in mouse kidneys. Enhanced levels of MTNR1A recorded at midnight correlated with robust binding activity between cytoplasmic hnRNPL and the MTNR1A transcript. Both hnRNPL and MTNR1A were decreased in the cytoplasm of tubular epithelial cells from experimental membranous nephropathy kidneys, supporting their clinical relevance. Collectively, our data identified cytoplasmic hnRNPL as a novel player in the upregulation of MTNR1A expression in renal tubular epithelial cells, and as a potential therapeutic target.
Development and validation of new methodologies for teaching preparations in fixed partial prosthesis
Authors: Gomes Michelle S. S. , Rossi Natália R. , Uemura Eduardo S. , Mesquita Alfredo M. M. , Nishioka Renato S. , Andreatta‐Filho Osvaldo D. , Paes‐Junior Tarcísio J. A. , Kojima Alberto N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextStudents can have some issues in the comprehension and execution of coronal preparations in fixed partial prosthesis (FPP). Some issues pertain to the amount of reduction, the inclination, and the positioning, all of which are important for the execution of an ideal preparation while respecting the required biomechanical principles.ObjectiveThe present study's aim was to evaluate the main problems experienced by graduation students regarding coronal preparation in FPP and to suggest teaching skills to help students and professors.DesignA total of 87 students, who were enrolled in the 3rd year of Dentistry at the FPP course ‐ in the Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, between 2017 and 2018, participated in the study. Two methodologies were developed, applied, and validated: first, a mannequin with a scheme of colors to help students visualize the coronal preparation; second, a comparison of different didactic methods.ResultsOnly 54.02% of the students answered the questionnaire, and the main problem identified by the respondents was the amount of reduction required (78.2%). In the second place, 50.9% of the students stated that they had problems with the inclination and angle of the preparation. The mannequin method with color schemes was approved by 91.5%. The favorite didactic method was a live demonstration (face to face), with 61.8%. In the second place, 47.3% of the students stated that live projection was also adequate.ConclusionsBoth auxiliary didactic methods were approved by the students and they reported that it helped them to visualize the amount of reduction necessary and the sequence of the preparation. Hence, it was concluded that the mannequin with color schemes and the live projection were approved as auxiliary didactic resources for teaching FPP.
Accuracy of hiatal hernia diagnosis in bariatric patients: Preoperative endoscopy versus intraoperative reference
Authors: Chan Daniel L , Wong Simon K‐H , Lok Hon Ting , Iliopoulos Jim , Talbot Michael L , Hennessy Annemarie , Ng Enders K‐W 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimObesity is becoming increasingly prevalent in Asia. Bariatric surgery in the region is growing in popularity to reflect increasing demand. Hiatal hernia (HH) is common among the obese population. There is a lack of evidence comparing preoperative endoscopy against intraoperative findings as a standard of reference for HH diagnosis.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of a bariatric procedure database from a single tertiary teaching hospital and high‐volume endoscopy center. Electronic medical records were reviewed. Endoscopy results were compared to intraoperative findings, and subgroup analysis of >2 cm hernias was performed. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and global diagnostic test accuracy were calculated.ResultsA total of 434 patients were eligible for this study, of which HH was detected in 37 patients (prevalence rate 8.55%). Mean age was 41.51 ± 11.07 years, and body mass index was 39.37 ± 5.67 kg/m2. Endoscopy sensitivity was 75.68% (95% confidence interval, 58.80–88.23%) and specificity 91.44% (88.24–94.00%). Positive likelihood ratio was 8.53 (6.11–12.79) and negative likelihood ratio 0.27 (0.15–0.47). Positive predictive value was 45.16% (36.27–54.38%) and negative predictive value 97.58% (95.80–98.62%). Accuracy of endoscopy for preoperative HH diagnosis was 90.09% (86.89–92.74%).ConclusionEndoscopy can have a high diagnostic accuracy of preoperative HH diagnosis in obese Asian patients using intraoperative diagnosis as the reference standard.
3D‐pharmacophore study molecular docking and synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐4(1H) dione derivatives with in vitro potential anticancer and antioxidant activities
Authors: Gouda Mustafa A. S. , Salem Mounir A. I. , Mahmoud Naglaa F. H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome poly functionalized heterocyclic‐compounds containing pyridine‐moieties were readily assembled by combining differently functionalized pyridopyrimidine‐6‐carbonitrile derivatives 1a,b with different electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents via short synthetic routes. The structures of the prepared derivatives were ascertained from their‐spectral‐and elemental analyses. Some of the synthesized compounds were tested as plausible antitumor agents. Most of those tested compounds likes 7, 9, 10, 11a showed cytotoxic potencies against different tumor cell lines. In addition, the assessments for their antioxidant activities have also been done and compound 9 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity while compounds 7 and 10 showed moderate activities. Finally, molecular docking studies were carried out which favorably indicated a high support for the experimental‐results.
Human adenoviruses associated with respiratory illness in neonates, infants, and children in the Sousse area of Tunisia
Authors: Brini Ines , Guerrero Aida , Ezzine Issaad‐Kawther , Orth‐Höller Dorothea , Hetzer Benjamin , Würzner Reinhard , Hazgui Olfa , Handous Imene , Nouri‐Merchaoui Sonia , Bouguila Jihene , Mahdhaoui Nabiha , Boughamoura Lamia , Malekshahi Zahra , von‐Laer Dorothee , Hannachi Naila , Boukadida Jalel , Stoiber Heribert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe human Adenovirus (HAdV) is a common agent of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Its clinical impact in immunocompetent children and in the context of coinfections remains unclear in Tunisia.Material and methodsHAdV‐ARIs were studied in hospitalized patients from birth to the age of 5 years from 2013 to 2014. Clinical and demographic characteristics, coinfections, and molecular characterization of HAdV were established.ResultsHAdV‐positivity was detected in 114/583 specimens (19.6%) including 6.1% single infections and 93.9% coinfections. Adenoviral coinfections mostly comprised human Rhinovirus (50.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (34.2%), human Respiratory Syncytial virus A/B (29.8%), and human Coronaviruses (21.9%). HAdV infection was predominant in the pediatric population (25.0% vs 10.0% in neonates, P < .001) and peaked in February 2014 (21.1%). HAdV severity of pediatric cases is characterized by low saturation of oxygen (<94%, 33.8%, P = .05) and long duration of oxygen support (≥5 days, 32.7%, P = .02). Severe HAdV infections were described with S. pneumoniae coinfection, which seemed to increase the risk of death. HAdV genotyping identified HAdV‐C as the most common species. Severe ARIs were observed in all HAdV‐identified types. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that sequences were variable suggesting the circulation of different HAdV strains sharing more similarities to strains circulating in Europe or Asia than those from Africa.ConclusionThis first molecular study of HAdV in Tunisia demonstrated that it has an important role in severe ARIs with HAdV‐C being the most common species. S. pneumoniae codetection seems to increase the severity of HAdV‐ARIs.
Missed opportunities to use rapid influenza testing and severity assessment to avoid hospital admission: A cohort study from an East London District General Hospital
Authors: Dominic Catherine , Welch Catherine , Melzer Mark 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnnual outbreaks of seasonal influenza cause a substantial health burden. The aim of this study was to compare patient demographic/clinical data in two influenza patient groups presenting to hospital; those requiring O2 or critical care admission and those requiring less intensive treatment. The study was conducted from 1 December 2017 until 1 April 2019 at a district general hospital in East London. Patient demographic and clinical information was collected for all patients who had tested influenza positive by near‐patient testing. χ2 test was used for categorical variables to see if there were significant differences for those admitted and the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test to compare the length of inpatient stay. Of 127 patients, 56 (44.1%) required oxygen or critical care. There were significant increases in National Early Warning Score (NEWS) observations (P %3C .001), Charlson comorbidity index (P = .049), length of inpatient stay (P %3C .001), and a strong association with increasing age (P = .066) when the more intensive treatment group was compared with the less intensive treatment group. A total of 13 (18.3%) of 71 patients not requiring oxygen or critical care were not admitted to the hospital. Following rapid influenza testing, NEWS scores, comorbidities, and age should be incorporated into a decision tool in Accident and Emergency to aid hospital admission or discharge decisions.
Sex differences in kappa opioid receptor antinociception is influenced by the number of X chromosomes in mouse
Authors: Taylor Anna M. W. , Chadwick Caylin I. , Mehrabani Sadaf , Hrncir Haley , Arnold Arthur P. , Evans Christopher J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists produce robust analgesia with minimal abuse liability and are considered promising pharmacological agents to manage chronic pain and itch. The KOR system is also notable for robust differences between the sexes, with females exhibiting lower analgesic response than males. Sexually dimorphic traits can be due to either the influence of gonadal hormones during development or adulthood, or due to the complement of genes expressed on the X or Y chromosome. Previous studies examining sex differences in KOR antinociception have relied on surgical or pharmacological manipulation of the gonads to determine whether sex hormones influence KOR function. While there are conflicting reports whether gonadal hormones influence KOR function, no study has examined these effects in context with sex chromosomes. Here, we use two genetic mouse models, the four core genotypes and XY*, to isolate the chromosomal and hormonal contributions to sex differences in KOR analgesia. Mice were treated with systemic KOR agonist (U50,488H) and thermal analgesia measured in the tail withdrawal assay. We found that KOR antinociception was influenced predominantly by the number of the X chromosomes. These data suggest that the dose and/or parental imprint on X gene(s) contribute significantly to the sexually dimorphism in KOR analgesia.
Academic and Gender Differences Among U.S. Otolaryngology Board Members
Authors: Hill Robert G. , Boeckermann Lauren M. , Huwyler Camille , Jiang Nancy 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the representation of women in leadership positions within otolaryngology societies and to compare their academic rank and research productivity to men.MethodsThe leadership positions of all U.S. otolaryngology societies were compiled. The Medicare Physician Compare database was used to obtain gender and medical school graduation year for all otolaryngologists. An online search was used to determine board member's academic faculty rank. The Scopus database was used to determine an individual's number of publications, citations, and h‐index. All websites were accessed from July 2019 to October 2019.ResultsOf the 200 leadership positions, there were 160 unique individuals available for analysis. Of those, 23% were female. In comparison, 18% of all otolaryngologists in the United States are female. The average medical school graduation year was significantly more recent for female leaders (1997 vs. 1990, P < .001) than males, which is similar to all otolaryngologists (2001 vs. 1993, P < .001). Stratifying by gender alone, women averaged significantly fewer publications, citations, and h‐indices compared to men (P < .05), and were also less likely to be professors (P < .01). When considering both gender and graduation year, significant differences among academic productivity were only noted for those graduating between 1990 to 1999. Among all board members who graduated after 2000, women comprised a majority of those in leadership positions (52%).ConclusionLeadership positions in otolaryngology societies reflect the changing demographic of otolaryngologists in the United States. There is proportionate representation, and the more recently graduated female physicians show the same research productivity as their male counterparts.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:731–736, 2021
Stem Cell Seeded and Silver Nanoparticles Loaded Bilayer PLGA/PVA Dressings for Wound Healing
Authors: Gao Tianlin , Tian Chunyan , Ma Zepeng , Chu Zunyan , Wang Zongliang , Zhang Peibiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAntibacterial activity and promoting wound healing are two important characteristics of ideal dressings. The previous work has successfully prepared a stem cell seeded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel dressing, which could promote wound healing by active factors secreted from the dressing. However, a lack of antibacterial activity might limit its better application. In this study, a photo‐active gelatin (Az‐Gel) modified stem cell seeded bilayer PVA hydrogel dressings with silver nanoparticles loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospinning films (Ag‐PLGA) in it is prepared. The physical properties of the dressings show the dressings are mechanically enhanced by the addition of Ag‐PLGA film. The addition of Ag‐PLGA film does not alter the moisture content of PVA, but extends the moisture of the dressing. Obviously, antibacterial activity is observed and Ag‐PLGA/PVA scaffold is biocompatible and low toxic to murine dermal fibroblasts (NIH‐3T3). When seeded with Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs), bioactive factors secreted by ADSCs could penetrate the dressing and promote cell growth and wound healing. It is speculated that the stem cells seeded bilayer dressing would be of great potential for skin tissue engineering, because of its antibacterial activity and safe application of stem cells.
Outcomes of microvascular bone flaps versus osteocutaneous flaps in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Crystal Dustin T. , Curiel Daniel A. , Abdul‐Hamed Senan , Blankensteijn Louise L. , Ibrahim Ahmed M.S. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurgical resection of head and neck (H&N) neoplasms requiring osseous reconstruction have underdefined complication profiles. This study aimed to characterize postoperative outcomes of patients with H&N neoplasia undergoing osteocutaneous flap (OCF) or bare bone flap (BBF) reconstructions.Materials and methodsRetrospective analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) 2005–2017 databases. Queried for diagnosis and procedural codes extracted patients with H&N neoplasms undergoing BBF or OCF reconstruction. Postoperative complications were evaluated. Multivariable regression generated adjusted odds ratios.ResultsA cohort of 746 patients were identified. Of reconstructions, 24.9% (n = 186/746) were BBFs while 75.1% (n = 560/746) were OCFs. 58.1% of the BBF cohort and 59.9% of the OCF cohort experienced an all‐cause complication (p = .654). Sub‐stratified, 24.2% of BBF and 17.5% of OCF patients experienced a wound complication (p = .045). Regression analysis demonstrated no difference in risk for medical complications between cohorts. However, patients receiving OCFs had a decreased likelihood of developing a wound complication (OR 0.652; 95%CI 0.430–0.989; p = .044) compared to patients receiving BBFs.ConclusionThe incidence of complications following osseous reconstruction of the H&N is considerable. Although several complication outcomes do not seem to differ between BBF or OCF reconstructions, OCFs is associated with a decreased likelihood of wound complications.
A new deep convolutional neural network design with efficient learning capability: Application to CT image synthesis from MRI
Authors: Bahrami Abass , Karimian Alireza , Fatemizadeh Emad , Arabi Hossein , Zaidi Habib 
Published: July 2020

PurposeDespite the proven utility of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiation therapy, MRI‐guided radiation treatment planning is limited by the fact that MRI does not directly provide the electron density map required for absorbed dose calculation. In this work, a new deep convolutional neural network model with efficient learning capability, suitable for applications where the number of training subjects is limited, is proposed to generate accurate synthetic computed tomography (sCT) images from MRI.MethodsThis efficient convolutional neural network (eCNN) is built upon a combination of the SegNet architecture (a 13‐layer encoder‐decoder structure similar to the U‐Net network) without softmax layers and the residual network. Moreover, maxpooling indices and high resolution features from the encoding network were incorporated into the corresponding decoding layers. A dataset containing 15 co‐registered MRI‐CT pairs of male pelvis (1861 two‐dimensional images) were used for training and evaluation of MRI to CT synthesis process using a fivefold cross‐validation scheme. The performance of the eCNN model was compared to an atlas‐based sCT generation technique as well as the original U‐Net model considering CT images as reference. The mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), structural similarity index (SSIM), and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) metrics were calculated between sCT and ground truth CT images.ResultsThe eCNN model exhibited effective learning capability using only 12 training subjects. The model achieved a ME and MAE of 2.8 ± 10.3 and 30.0 ± 10.4 HU, respectively, which is substantially lower than values achieved by the atlas‐based (−0.8 ± 35.4 and 64.6 ± 21.2) and U‐Net (7.4 ± 11.9 and 44.0 ± 8.8) methods, respectively.ConclusionThe proposed eCNN model exhibited efficient convergence rate with a low number of training subjects, while providing accurate synthetic CT images. The eCNN model outperformed the original U‐Net model and showed superior performance to the atlas‐based technique.
Mouse Sertoli cells isolation by lineage tracing and sorting
Authors: Zomer Helena D. , Reddi Prabhakara P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSertoli cells play a key role in spermatogenesis by supporting the germ cells throughout differentiation. The isolation of Sertoli cells is essential to study their functions. However, the close contact of Sertoli cells with other testicular cell types and the high proliferation of contaminating cells are obstacles to obtain pure primary cultures. Current rodent Sertoli cell isolation protocols result in enriched, rather than pure Sertoli cells. Therefore, novel approaches are necessary to improve the purity of Sertoli cell primary cultures. The goal of this study is to obtain pure mouse Sertoli cells using lineage tracing and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). We bred the Amh‐Cre mouse line with tdTomato line to generate mice constitutively expressing red fluorescence specifically in Sertoli cells. Primary cultures of Sertoli cells isolated from prepubertal mice showed that 79% of cells expressed tdTomato, as evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry; however, nearly all adherent cells were positive for vimentin. Most of the tomato‐negative cells expressed α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), a peritubular myoid cell marker, but double‐negative populations were also present. These findings suggest that vimentin lacks Sertoli cell‐specificity and that α‐SMA is not adequate to identify all of the contaminating cells. Upon FACS sorting; however, virtually 100% of the cells were tdTomato positive, expressed vimentin, but not α‐SMA. Prepubertal mice yielded a higher number of Sertoli cells compared to adults, but both could be adequately sorted. In conclusion, our study shows that lineage tracing and sorting is an efficient strategy for acquiring pure populations of murine Sertoli cells.