bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of heart valve disease: Considerations for the dental management
Authors: Sakaguchi Taichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe number of valve surgeries is increasing with a change in the disease structure from rheumatic valvular heart disease (VHD) to arteriosclerotic or degenerative VHD. The treatment strategies for VHD have also been changing over the last two decades. Repair techniques for valve regurgitation have been established with excellent long‐term clinical results. As valve repair has advantages over prosthetic valve replacement in terms of avoidance of anticoagulation and reduced risk of valve infection, it has become the first choice for treatment of degenerative VHD even for infective endocarditis, which is closely related to dental procedures. With the development of technologies, minimally invasive cardiac surgery is evolving, including the introduction of video‐assisted or robotically assisted valve surgeries via minithoracotomy, or percutaneous transcatheter therapies. Notably, recently introduced transcatheter aortic valve replacement has shown excellent clinical results compared to surgical aortic valve replacement and has become a standard therapy for aortic stenosis in the elderly. Reoperative aortic valve replacement for degenerated bioprosthetic valve can also be performed using the transcatheter “Valve in Valve” technique. These minimally invasive approaches are likely to become more widely adopted and may determine the scope of therapeutic strategies for VHD into the future.
Influence of H‐bonds on acidity of deoxy‐hexose sugars
Authors: Kotena Zahrabatoul Mosapour , Fattahi Alireza 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe unusual monosaccharaides such as deoxy‐hexose sugars, including methyl‐pentose and aldo‐pentose, are promising and important sugars in life science. However, little research on H‐bond interactions in these systems has been reported. The aldo‐pentose has a proton instead of the CH2OH group on C5; conversely, methyl‐pentose has a CH3 group on C5. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role and nature of intramolecular H‐bonds on acidity of CH3‐pentose sugars (L‐fucose and L‐rhamnose) and aldo‐pentose sugars (D‐xylose, L‐lyxose, D‐ribose, and L‐arabinose) using B3LYP/6‐311++G (d, p) level. The calculated acidity values (ΔHacid) of these Dexoy‐hexose were found to be from 343 to 369 kcal.mol−1, indicating they are stronger acid than ethanol and 2‐propanol with the acidity values of 378.3 and 375.1 kcal.mol−1, respectively. This is related to the stabilization of the conjugate bases of these sugar through intramolecular H‐bonds, which were analyzed in this study using atoms in molecules (AIM) and natural bonding orbital (NBO) methods. AIM and NBO analyses indicate the presence of one bifurcated intramolecular H‐bond in the conjugate bases of L‐lyxose and L‐arabinose and two bifurcated H‐bonds in conjugate base of D‐ribose, whereas the conjugate bases of L‐fucose, L‐rhamnose, and D‐xylose present one normal intramolecular H‐bond. According to the topological parameters and charge transfer data, existence of normal and bifurcated intramolecular H‐bonds could greatly increase acidity of deoxy‐hexose sugars. The H‐bond strength in the conjugate bases of aldo‐pentose sugars is higher than that in the conjugate bases of methyl‐pentose sugars including CH3 group on C5, making aldo‐pentose sugars stronger acid than methyl‐pentose sugars.
Evaluation of a hand‐held spectrophotometer as an in‐field phenotyping tool for tomato and pepper fruit quality
Authors: Kaur Amanjot , Donis‐Gonzalez Irwin R. , St. Clair Dina A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhenotyping for vegetable fruit quality traits can involve laborious postharvest and biochemical assays, decreasing efficiency of data collection. Portable devices that are easy to use and withstand in‐field conditions to non‐destructively and accurately quantify internal fruit quality traits would greatly enhance efficiency in breeding programs. We evaluated a hand‐held quality spectrophotometer, the Felix‐750, as an in‐field tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) high‐throughput phenotyping tool. Fruit quality traits included pH, soluble solids, carotenoids, and shrink in germplasm grown in replicated split‐plot field trials. Germplasm included elite inbred cultivars and introgression lines of tomato, and diverse hybrid and open‐pollinated cultivars of pepper. Our study employed a multi‐faceted approach to evaluate the use of the Felix‐750 in a plant breeding program. Our approach included chemometrics and trait‐based partial least squares regression modeling, and examination of patterns in the λ‐specific spectroscopy data based on variables relevant to genetic, fruit, and environmental factors using principal component analysis and biplots. Results of our study revealed: (a) the scope and limitations of the Felix‐750 in fruit quality trait assessment based on the range of predictive power of partial least squares models; (b) insights into the complex relationships of spectroscopy data with genetic diversity, fruit biology and biochemistry, and factors related to environment. Additional research on the Felix‐750 is needed to determine its potential applications at early and later stages of a breeding pipeline. We also suggest researchers explore more advanced chemometric tools and 3‐D fruit hyperspectral imaging approaches.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: Atag Emine , Bas Ikizoglu Nilay , Ergenekon Pinar , Kalin Sevinc , Unal Füsun , Gokdemir Yasemin , Erdem Eralp Ela , Yalcin Koray , Oktem Sedat , Ersu Refika , Karakoc Fazilet , Karadag Bulent 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionBronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is mainly caused by infections and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aimed to investigate the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with BO compared to the healthy children and also to assess the HRQOL according to the etiology.MethodsPostinfectious (group 1) and post‐HSCT BO (group 2) patients and healthy children were included in the study. HRQOL was assessed by the Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Correlations between demographic and clinical characteristics, pulmonary function tests, high‐resolution chest tomography scores, and HRQOL were assessed.ResultsThirty‐seven postinfectious and post‐HSCT BO patients and 34 healthy children were included in the study. Mean age was 13.8 ± 0.7 years. Mean forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume1 were 60.7 ± 2.7% predicted, and 49.8 ± 3.1% predicted, respectively. The SF‐36 scores were lower in BO patients compared to healthy children (P < .01). Patients with better lung functions had higher SF‐36 scores, but lower SGRQ. The number of inhaled therapies, acute exacerbations, hospitalizations were inversely correlated with SF‐36. A positive correlation was found between these parameters and total SGRQ scores (r = .507, P = .02; r = .409, P = .12; r = .326, P = .049, respectively). SF‐36 scores were better in group 1 for subscales of physical role functioning and social role functioning compared to group 2. (P = .01, P = .01, respectively).ConclusionThe HRQOL of patients with BO measured by SF‐36 was low compared to healthy children. SF‐36 scores were more affected in post‐HSCT BO patients. HRQOL of children with chronic lung disease should be taken into consideration in the management of these patients.
MR plot: A big data tool for distinguishing distributions
Authors: Ardakani Omid M. , Asadi Majid , Ebrahimi Nader , Soofi Ehsan S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBig data enables reliable estimation of continuous probability density, cumulative distribution, survival, hazard rate, and mean residual functions (MRFs). We illustrate that plot of the MRF provides the best resolution for distinguishing between distributions. At each point, the MRF gives the mean excess of the data beyond the threshold. Graph of the empirical MRF, called here the MR plot, provides an effective visualization tool. A variety of theoretical and data driven examples illustrate that MR plots of big data preserve the shape of the MRF and complex models require bigger data. The MRF is an optimal predictor of the excess of the random variable. With a suitable prior, the expected MRF gives the Bayes risk in the form of the entropy functional of the survival function, called here the survival entropy. We show that the survival entropy is dominated by the standard deviation (SD) and the equality between the two measures characterizes the exponential distribution. The empirical survival entropy provides a data concentration statistic which is strongly consistent, easy to compute, and less sensitive than the SD to heavy tailed data. An application uses the New York City Taxi database with millions of trip times to illustrate the MR plot as a powerful tool for distinguishing distributions.
Efficient Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride by Co‐B Supported on Nitrogen‐doped Carbon
Authors: Xu Jianan , Du Xuexun , Wei Qinglian , Huang Yongmin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, dehydrogenation of NaBH4 in alkaline solutions was catalyzed by amorphous Co‐B catalysts supported on nitrogen doped carbon (N‐C) that is rarely utilized in this field. The physicochemical properties of the as‐prepared catalysts were characterized by X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Raman Spectroscopy and BET (Brunner−Emmet−Teller) measurements. Among all the catalysts made in this paper, Co‐B/N‐C‐700 exhibited best activity, which is likely to be attributed to the possession of more metal Co as active sites. The hydrogen generation rate (HGR) reached 2649 ml H2 min−1 g−1cat in 10 wt. % NaOH + 10 wt. % NaBH4 solution at 30 °C. The value of activation energy is 37.57 kJ mol−1 and compares favorably with values of some previous reports. Besides, influences of NaOH concentration, NaBH4 concentration, temperature, recycle times and amount of catalyst for the catalytic performance of Co‐B/N‐C‐700 were also investigated to reflect more on hydrolysis of sodium borohydride.
Investigation on Deactivation of K‐promoted Ru Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis by CO Formation
Authors: Ni Jun , Ran Haiyun , Lin Jianxin , Wang Xiuyun , Lin Bingyu , Jiang Lilong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe prevailing view of the deactivation of carbon‐supported Ru catalyst in ammonia synthesis is carbon methanation, but those strategies focusing on inhibiting carbon methanation cannot effectively solve the challenge of Ru/C catalysts. Herein we prepared four K‐promoted Ru catalysts with different Ru loadings and treated the samples at 450 or 500 °C under 1 MPa during ammonia synthesis reaction. The result showed that the presence of a larger amount of Ru species enhanced methane formation at the reaction temperature, which was irrelevant to the loss in activity of ammonia synthesis. On the contrary, CO formation along with a great decline in catalytic activity can be observed when Ru catalysts are heated at 500 °C. The characterization results indicated that the severe depletion of surface oxygen groups following the CO‐formation pathway, resulting in the notable decrease in the amount of gas adsorption, contributed to the deactivation of carbon‐supported Ru catalyst.
Highly Efficient and Selective Adsorption of Cationic Dyes in Aqueous Media on Microporous Hyper Crosslinked Polymer with Abundant and Evenly Dispersed Sulfonic Groups
Authors: Xiong Gang , Zhang Qian , Ren Baoyi , You Lixin , Ding Fu , He Yongke , Fan Xiaolei , Wang Na , Sun Yaguang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo significantly promote the adsorption efficiency of dyes from aqueous media, a microporous hyper‐crosslinked polymer with abundant and evenly‐dispersed sulfonic groups acted as efficient and selective sites (HCP‐1) was synthesized via Friedel‐Crafts alkylation reaction from a simple Schiff‐based monomer containing sulfonic groups. HCP‐1 possessed micro‐plate morphology with the thickness of about 200 nm and high specific surface area of ∼1,111 m2 g−1. HCP‐1 displayed good adsorption capacities toward cationic dyes methylene blue (MB, 1,602.2 mg g−1) and basic blue 7 (BB7, 496.7 mg g−1) at 25 °C, but no adsorption capacity to anionic dye methyl orange (MO), showing charge selectivity. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model were suitable for the describing adsorption process. The negative ΔG0 values and the positive ΔH0 values indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. HCP‐1 still maintained adsorption efficiency of above 96% during five cycles. On the whole, HCP‐1 is an efficient and promising material in the future research and application in the purification of water polluted by cationic dyes. Furthermore, this work also develops a new strategy to directly synthesize porous HCPs containing abundant and evenly‐dispersed sulfonic groups on inner surface by designing suitable organic monomers.
First Total Synthesis of Two 1‐O‐Alkylglycerols Based Alkyne Analogues of Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Momha René , Njock Gaétan Bayiha Ba , Pegnyemb Dieudonné Emmanuel , Mosset Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlkylglycerols (AKGs) with a straight‐chain alkane or alkene are ether lipids abundant in the liver oil of some elasmobranch fish species such as ratfishes and some sharks. Natural shark liver oil (SLO) mixture displays several known biological activities and most of its identified alkylglycerols were also obtained individually in pure form by total synthesis. However, the synthesis of alkylglycerols containing at least one alkyne moiety in the alkyl chain has yet not been reported. In this work, we describe the first total synthesis of 1‐O‐alkylglycerols based alkyne (2S)‐3‐((4‐methoxytridec‐6‐yn‐1‐yl)oxy)propane‐1,2‐diol (10) and (S)‐3‐(((R)‐12‐methoxyoctadec‐9‐yn‐1‐yl)oxy)propane‐1,2‐diol (11), analogues of bioactive ether lipids found in the SLO mixture. Oxiranes opening by alkynyl boranes and solketal etherification are the key steps with a global yield up to 72 % in eight steps sequence.
Dimerization of Aromatic Terminal Alkynes Featuring Hydrophilic Functional Groups under Ruthenium and Acid Promoted Catalysis. Competitive Alkyne Hydration upon Substituent Effect
Authors: Iona Roberto , Bassetti Mauro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe self‐coupling (hydroalkynylation) process of aromatic terminal alkynes RC6H4C≡CH to give dimeric 1,4‐diaryl‐1‐en‐3‐yne products (trans‐RC6H4C≡CCH=CHC6H4R) is catalyzed by the complex [{RuCl(μ‐Cl)(η6‐p‐cymene)}2] with sodium acetate co‐catalyst dissolved in neat acetic acid, the reaction proceeding with high trans‐stereoselectivity under mild conditions (r.t.) even for substrates with protic or polar substituent groups (e. g. R=3‐OH, 4‐CH2OH, 4‐NHAc, ‐CHO, 4‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside). In presence of strongly electron donating arene substituents, NMe2 and NH2, the triple bond is activated toward exclusive triple bond hydration by reaction with acetic acid at room temperature also in absence of the ruthenium catalyst.
Simultaneous size and topology optimization of 3D outrigger‐braced tall buildings with inclined belt truss using genetic algorithm
Authors: Farahmand‐Tabar Salar , Ashtari Payam 
Published: June 2020

SummaryTo investigate the optimum location of the outrigger system, a metaheuristic‐based size and topology optimization of the outrigger‐braced tall buildings is carried out by various three‐dimensional structural frames with different shapes of belt trusses. By considering the elastic behavior, the whole elements of the structural models such as beams, columns, core, and trusses are optimized simultaneously in conjunction with the location of the outrigger. Furthermore, to reach more optimality, several novel types of belt truss are proposed having inclined and inverse‐inclined belt trusses with better structural and architectural features and optimum performance in comparison with the horizontal one. Different models with 25 to 40 stories having various span numbers are optimized using the genetic algorithm, and the results are compared with each other. In the modeling process, the exact wind load distribution is applied to the structure based on the ASCE7‐16 rather than the uniform or triangular ones. According to the results, the optimum cross‐sectional size and outrigger locations of different models are obtained, and it is indicated that the proposed novel belt trusses are optimal solution for the problem.
Prevalence of COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations in severe fetal multifocal hemorrhagic and/or ischemic cerebral lesions
Authors: Maurice P. , Guilbaud L. , Garel J. , Mine M. , Dugas A. , Friszer S. , Maisonneuve E. , Moutard M.‐L. , Coste T. , Héron D. , Tournier‐Lasserve E. , Garel C. , Jouannic J.‐M. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo establish the prevalence of COL4A1 and COL4A2 gene mutations in fetuses presenting with a phenotype suggestive of cerebral injury.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective analysis of all cases of fetal cerebral anomalies suggestive of COL4A1 or COL4A2 gene mutation over the period 2009–2018. Inclusion criteria were: (1) severe and/or multifocal hemorrhagic cerebral lesions; (2) multifocal ischemic‐hemorrhagic cerebral lesions. These anomalies could be of different ages and associated with schizencephaly or porencephaly. Between fetuses with and those without a mutation, we compared gestational age at the time of diagnosis, parity and fetal gender.ResultsAmong the 956 cases of cerebral anomaly diagnosed in our center during the 10‐year study period, 18 fetuses were identified for inclusion. A pathogenic COL4A1 gene mutation was found in five of these cases, among which four were de‐novo mutations. A variant of unknown significance was found in four fetuses: in the COL4A1 gene in one case and in the COL4A2 gene in three cases. No COL4A1 or COL4A2 mutation was found in the remaining nine fetuses. The median (interquartile range) gestational age at diagnosis was significantly lower in cases with a mutation (24 (22–26) weeks) than in cases without a mutation (32 (29.5–34.5) weeks) (P = 0.03).ConclusionsA phenotype suggestive of cerebral injury was found in 18 of the 956 (1.9%) cases in our population, in 28% of which there was an associated COL4A1 or COL4A2 mutation. COL4A1 and COL4A2 gene mutations should be sought systematically in cases of severe and/or multifocal hemorrhagic or ischemic‐hemorrhagic cerebral lesions, with or without schizencephaly or porencephaly. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Holographic Imaging and Tomography of Biological Cells and Tissues
Authors: Salditt Tim , Töpperwien Mareike 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter reviews recent progress in propagation-based phase-contrast imaging and tomography of biological matter. We include both inhouse µ-CT results recorded in the direct-contrast regime of propagation imaging (large Fresnel numbers F), as well as nanoscale phase contrast in the holographic regime with synchrotron radiation. The current imaging capabilities starting from the cellular level all the way to small animal imaging are illustrated by recent examples of our group, with an emphasis on 3D histology.
Scanning Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Coherent X-ray Imaging of Cells
Authors: Salditt Tim , Köster Sarah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this chapter we review recent work towards high resolution imaging of unstained biological cells in the hydrated and living state, using synchrotron radiation (SR) and free electron laser (FEL) radiation. Specifically, we discuss the approaches of scanning small-angle X-ray scattering (scanning SAXS) and coherent diffractive X-ray imaging (CDI) of cells.
Development of Ultrafast X-ray Free Electron Laser Tools in (Bio)Chemical Research
Authors: Techert Simone , Thekku Veedu Sreevidya , Bari Sadia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe chapter will focus on fundamental aspects and methodological challenges of X-ray free electron laser research and recent developments in the related field of ultrafast X-ray science. Selected examples proving “molecular movie capabilities” of Free-electron laser radiation investigating gas phase chemistry, chemistry in liquids and transformations in the solid state will be introduced. They will be discussed in the context of ultrafast X-ray studies of complex biochemical research, and time-resolved X-ray characterisation of energy storage materials and energy bionics.
Polarization-Sensitive Coherent Diffractive Imaging Using HHG
Authors: Zayko Sergey , Kfir Ofer , Ropers Claus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh harmonic generation (HHG) from lasers have attractive properties for probing ultrafast dynamics at the nanoscale. The spectral range of high harmonics at the extreme-UV and soft-X-rays ($$\lambda \sim $$

λ
∼

100 nm–1 nm, $$\hbar \omega \sim $$

ħ
ω
∼

10 eV–1 keV) enables element specificity, the short wavelengths combined with high spatial coherence allows for imaging with nanometric spatial resolution, the extremely short pulse durations provide access to dynamics faster than a femtosecond ($$1 \ fs = 10^{-15}$$

1

f
s
=

10

-
15

s), and all that, on a compact system. In this chapter, we focus on experimental aspects of imaging with high harmonics. First, we present the experimental system and the image reconstruction procedure. Second, we show experimental results from the various configurations that were used throughout this project. Finally, we discuss mechanisms that played an important role in this imaging effort, and would contribute to the advancement of nanoscale imaging.
Nonlinear Light Generation in Localized Fields Using Gases and Tailored Solids
Authors: Sivis Murat , Ropers Claus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-34413-9_18, we demonstrated polarization-sensitive imaging at extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths using a gas-phase high-harmonic generation (HHG) source. In a related project, we have investigated new types of gas-phase and solid-state EUV light sources employing field localization in plasmonic nanostructures and structured targets. Whereas our first results indicate that strong field confinement leads to exceedingly inefficient high-harmonic generation in gas-phase targets, for solid-state media efficient high-harmonic generation is possible in localized fields. The latter has great ramifications for new types of high-harmonic generation experiments and technological developments. Therefore, our research efforts aim in two directions: firstly, the development of new types of solid-state sources for high-harmonic generation and, secondly, the application of locally generated solid-state high-harmonic signals for spectroscopy and imaging.
Convergence Analysis of Iterative Algorithms for Phase Retrieval
Authors: Luke D. Russell , Martins Anna-Lena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter surveys the analysis of the phase retrieval problem as an inconsistent and nonconvex feasibility problem. We apply a convergence framework for iterative mappings developed by Luke, Tam and Thao in 2018 to the inconsistent and nonconvex phase retrieval problem and establish the convergence properties (with rates) of popular projection methods for this problem. Although our main purpose is to illustrate the convergence results and their underlying concepts, we demonstrate how our theoretical analysis aligns with practical numerical computation applied to laboratory data.
Statistical Foundations of Nanoscale Photonic Imaging
Authors: Munk Axel , Staudt Thomas , Werner Frank 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this chapter different statistical models for the observations in nanoscale photonic imaging are discussed. While providing models of increasing accuracy and complexity, we develop a guideline which model should be chosen in practice depending on the total number of detected photons as well as their spatial and temporal dependency structure. We focus on different Gaussian, Poissonian, Bernoulli and Binomial models and link them to projects treated within the SFB 755.