bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary and plastic changes in a native annual plant after a historic drought
Authors: Lambrecht Susan C. , Gujral Anjum K. , Renshaw Lani J. , Rosengreen Lars T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSevere droughts are forecast to increase with global change. Approaches that enable the study of contemporary evolution, such as resurrection studies, are valuable for providing insights into the responses of populations to global change. In this study, we used a resurrection approach to study the evolution of the California nativeLeptosiphon bicolor(true babystars, Polemoniaceae) across populations differing in precipitation in response to the state's recent prolonged drought (2011–2017). In the Mediterranean climate region in whichL. bicolorgrows, this historic drought effectively shortened its growing season. We used seeds collected both before and after this drought from three populations found along a moisture availability gradient to assess contemporary evolution in a common garden greenhouse study. We coupled this with a drought experiment to examine plasticity. We found evolution toward earlier flowering after the historic drought in the wettest of the three populations, while plasticity to experimental drought was observed across all three. We also observed trade‐offs associated with earlier flowering. In the driest population, plants that flowered earlier had lower intrinsic water‐use efficiency than those flowering later, which was an expected pattern. Unexpectedly, earlier flowering plants had larger flowers. Two populations exhibited evolution and plasticity toward smaller flowers with drought. The third exhibited evolution toward larger flowers, but displayed no plasticity. Our results provide valuable insights into differences among native plant populations in response to drought.
Changes in physicochemical profiles and quality of apple juice treated by ultrafiltration and during its storage
Authors: Cai Ming , Xie Chunfang , Lv Yuqing , Yang Kai , Sun Peilong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEffects of various factors, such as membrane materials, molecular weight cutoff, transmembrane pressure (TMP), and cross flow rate (CFR) on flux and physicochemical properties of apple juice during ultrafiltration and storage have been investigated. Clarity, color, total phenols, total proteins, total sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, and some specific polyphenols of juices were evaluated. Results show that at conditions of PES‐10 kDa, CFR 30 L/hr, and TMP 0.75 MPa, a clarified juice obtained with color 0.15 A, clarity 96.94%T, TSS 9.55 °Brix, pH 4.2, and total phenols, total proteins, and total sugars were 64.12 and 13.20 μg/ml and 50.70 mg/ml, respectively. Chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, phloridzin, catechin, and caffeic acid decreased differently from 32.63, 17.33, 3.25, 7.58, and 0.75 μg/ml to 17.24, 12.38, 1.79, 5.27, and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. Storage in refrigeration for 4 weeks, clarity, total sugars, and total phenols reduced by 2.5%, 6.4%, and 16.6%, respectively, while TSS increased by 3.1%.
Procedural precautions and personal protective equipment during head and neck instrumentation in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Panuganti Bharat A. , Pang John , Califano Joseph , Chan Jason Y. K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundOtolaryngologists represent a subset of health care workers uniquely vulnerable to COVID‐19 transmission. Given the segmentation of extant guidelines concerning precautions and protective equipment for SARS‐CoV2, we aimed to provide consolidated recommendations regarding appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in head neck surgery during the COVID‐19 era.MethodsGuidelines published by international and US governing bodies were reviewed in conjunction with published literature concerning COVID‐19 transmission risk, testing, and PPE, to compile situation‐specific recommendations for head and neck providers managing COVID‐19 patients.ResultsHigh‐quality data regarding the aerosolization potential of head and neck instrumentation and appropriate PPE during head and neck surgeries are lacking. However, extrapolation of recommendations by governing bodies suggests strongly that head and neck mucosal instrumentation warrants strict adherence to airborne‐level precautions.ConclusionWe present a series of situation‐specific recommendations for PPE use and other procedural precautions for otolaryngology providers to consider in the COVID‐19 era.
Father–child literacy teaching activities as a unique predictor of Chinese preschool children's word reading skills
Authors: Xiao Nan , Che Yishu , Zhang Xiao , Song Zhanmei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yin Shaoqing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between the frequency of mother–child and father–child literacy teaching activities and the reading skills of Chinese preschool children. A total of 105 Hong Kong Chinese preschoolers and their fathers and mothers were involved. Fathers and mothers independently reported the frequency of their own literacy teaching activities (i.e., reading Chinese characters, recognizing Chinese characters based on their pronunciations and writing Chinese characters). Children were tested individually on their Chinese word reading skills, receptive vocabulary and verbal memory. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the relations between mother–child and father–child literacy teaching activities and children's reading skills. The results showed that, although mothers engaged in home literacy teaching activities more frequently than did fathers, the participation of fathers—and not mothers—in Chinese literacy teaching activities significantly predicted their children's Chinese reading skills after controlling for vocabulary, verbal memory and demographic variables (i.e., parental education, the child's age and gender). The results highlight the importance of paternal involvement in home education for Chinese preschoolers' literacy learning.HighlightsThis study examines the relation between mother–child and father–child literacy teaching activities and preschoolers' reading skills.Based on parental questionnaires and children's individual tests, the participation of fathers in Chinese literacy teaching activities significantly predicts their children's reading skills.The results highlight the importance of paternal involvement in home education for Chinese preschoolers' literacy learning.
The effect of different irrigation treatments on yield and water productivity of Arachis Hypogaea L. under semi‐arid conditions in Iran
Authors: Khodadadi Dehkordi Davoud 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the impacts of varied irrigation regimes on the yield, irrigation water productivity (IWP) and crop water productivity (CWP) of Arachis hypogaea L. under pressurized irrigation in the south‐west of Iran (Hamidiyeh, Khuzestan Province, Iran). The test was performed in a split‐plot pattern. The main treatments were three irrigation frequencies (Fs) based on varied levels of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) amounts (F1: 35 mm; F2: 60 mm; F3: 85 mm of CPE). The subtreatments were seven irrigation water levels (Is) (I1 = 60%, I2 = 85%, I3 = 100%, I4 = 135% (of actual evapotranspiration (ETc)), I5 = PRZD60, I6 = PRZD85 and I7 = PRZD100 treatments) with four replications. The partial root‐zone drying (PRZD) treatments received 60, 85 and 100% of the actual evapotranspiration (ETc), respectively, from replacing laterals. Crops were planted on 1 June 2017 and 1 June 2018. The results indicated that the F2I4 treatment in both years showed the greatest peanut yield (PY). Moreover, in order to avoid greater PY loss the PRZD method was a proper and favourable option compared with traditional deficit irrigation (DI). However, PY declined by an average of 11.1 and 3.4% compared to the F2I4 treatment in 2017 and 2018, respectively, but the F2I7 treatment had about 16.3 and 16.1% lower water value than the F2I4 treatment. PRZD treatments (I5 and I6) have effective amended PY than deficit irrigation treatments (I1 and I2) in both growing seasons, whereas these treatments received the same amount of moisture for all Fs (F1, F2 and F3). In the end, crop water productivity and IWP amounts also declined with rising irrigation frequency. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“We Are All Projects…Together We’re Strong”
Authors: Crandall Bryan Ripley , Baldizon Jessica , King William 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this commentary, a National Writing Project site director and two teachers reflect on the philosophy of ubuntu as it helped them redesign a writing community between teachers and students in Connecticut. With the guidance of writing activity genre research, the authors discuss the creation of Young Adult Literacy Labs, including Ubuntu Academy, a two‐week literacy program for immigrant and refugee youth. In the work, young people participating in a number of literacy labs work alongside teachers in a summer institute for teaching writing. The redesign has fostered many relationships with community organizations and inspired numerous collaborations throughout the school year.
Osteoblast–Osteoclast Coculture Amplifies Inhibitory Effects of FG‐4592 on Human Osteoclastogenesis and Reduces Bone Resorption
Authors: Hulley Philippa A , Papadimitriou‐Olivgeri Ioanna , Knowles Helen J 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThe link between bone and blood vessels is regulated by hypoxia and the hypoxia‐inducible transcription factor, HIF, which drives both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The recent clinical approval of PHD enzyme inhibitors, which stabilize HIF protein, introduces the potential for a new clinical strategy to treat osteolytic conditions such as osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, and skeletal fracture and nonunion. However, bone‐resorbing osteoclasts also play a central role in bone remodeling and pathological osteolysis, and HIF promotes osteoclast activation and bone loss in vitro. It is therefore likely that the result of PHD enzyme inhibition in vivo would be mediated by a balance between increased bone formation and increased bone resorption. It is essential that we improve our understanding of the effects of HIF on osteoclast formation and function and consider the potential contribution of inhibitory interactions with other musculoskeletal cells. The PHD enzyme inhibitor FG‐4592 stabilized HIF protein and stimulated osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption, but inhibited differentiation of human CD14+ monocytes into osteoclasts. Formation of osteoclasts in a more physiologically relevant 3D collagen gel did not affect the sensitivity of osteoclastogenesis to FG‐4592, but increased sensitivity to reduced concentrations of RANKL. Coculture with osteoblasts amplified inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by FG‐4592, whether the osteoblasts were proliferating, differentiating, or in the presence of exogenous M‐CSF and RANKL. Osteoblast coculture dampened the ability of high concentrations of FG‐4592 to increase bone resorption. These data provide support for the therapeutic use of PHD enzyme inhibitors to improve bone formation and/or reduce bone loss for the treatment of osteolytic pathologies and indicate that FG‐4592 might act in vivo to inhibit the formation and activity of the osteoclasts that drive osteolysis. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Japanese International Medical Graduates and the United States clinical training experience: Challenges abroad and methods to overcome them
Authors: Heist Brian S. , Torok Haruka Matsubara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionDue to the large language and cultural distances between Japan and the US compared to many countries, Japanese International Medical Graduates (IMGs) may have a different US training experience, including more stress, than many IMGs. We examined the US clinical training experience for Japanese IMGs, including the challenges encountered, how those challenges are overcome, and the benefits of US training.MethodsWe performed individual semistructured interviews with 35 purposively sampled Japanese IMGs who had completed US clinical training. Exploratory thematic analysis was conducted using iterative data collection and constant comparison.ResultsAll participants reported high personal growth and that US clinical training was worth the sacrifices. Commonly fatigue was lower than during Japanese residency. Participants explained medical practice and local culture associated challenges that aligned with literature on US graduates and other IMGs. By contrast, nearly all participants reported that English communication was very challenging, and described specific language related struggles and methods to help overcome them. Communication struggles were contextualized within an American training culture that values verbal assertiveness. Self‐esteem varied among participants and, for some participants, improved with confidence in communication. Several participants reported depression and other mental illness. The training environment varied among residency programs.ConclusionsJapanese IMGs who completed US training report that it was worth it, but describe significant language and culture related struggles and effects on mental health. Further research should address which Japanese IMGs are most likely to struggle, how this will transpire, and how to optimize the US clinical training experience.
Favourable outcomes for high‐risk Burkitt lymphoma patients (IPI 3‐5) treated with rituximab plus CODOX‐M/IVAC: Results of a phase 2 UK NCRI trial
Authors: Phillips Elizabeth H. , Burton Catherine , Kirkwood Amy A. , Barrans Sharon , Lawrie Anthony , Rule Simon , Patmore Russell , Pettengell Ruth , Ardeshna Kirit M. , Montoto Silvia , Paneesha Shankara , Clifton‐Hadley Laura , Linch David C. , McMillan Andrew K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionOutcomes after frontline treatment of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) have improved with the introduction of dose‐intense chemotherapy regimens, such as CODOX‐M/IVAC. While rituximab has increased survival rates for most forms of high‐grade B‐cell lymphoma, there has previously been hesitancy about incorporating it into BL treatment, partly due to concerns about increased toxicity. Prospective data using the standard dose CODOX‐M/IVAC regimen in combination with rituximab are lacking. We conducted a single‐arm phase 2 trial to assess the efficacy and toxicity of R‐CODOX‐M/R‐IVAC.MethodsEligible patients were aged 18–65 years, with newly diagnosed BL with MYC rearrangement as the sole cytogenetic abnormality, and high‐risk disease, defined by an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of 3‐5. Patients received two cycles of R‐CODOX‐M chemotherapy alternating with two cycles of R‐IVAC, followed by two further cycles of rituximab alone. The primary endpoint was 2‐year progression‐free survival.ResultsThirty‐eight patients were registered but after central pathology review, 27 patients had confirmed BL and commenced study treatment. Median age was 35 years, 14.8% patients had central nervous system involvement and 18.5% were HIV positive. Twenty‐two (81.4%) patients completed four cycles of chemotherapy. There were two treatment‐related deaths (7.4%). Two‐year progression‐free and overall survival rates were 77.2% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 56.0‐89.0) and 80.7% (90% CI: 59.6‐91.5), respectively.ConclusionsThis prospective trial demonstrates excellent survival rates with R‐CODOX‐M/R‐IVAC in a high‐risk BL cohort. It provides reassuring evidence regarding the feasibility of this regimen and also provides a benchmark for future studies.
How certain can we really be that our boss is trustworthy, and does it matter? A metacognitive perspective on employee evaluations of supervisor trustworthiness
Authors: Holtz Brian C. , De Cremer David , Hu Biyun , Kim Joseph , Giacalone Robert A. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis research helps to integrate the metacognitive concept of evaluation certainty into the trust literature by demonstrating that certainty can amplify the effects of trustworthiness evaluations and stabilize trustworthiness evaluations over time. Across an experimental study (Study 1) and a multiwave survey of employees (Study 2), we show that trustworthiness evaluations exert a stronger influence on individuals' trust at higher levels of certainty and that trust transmits the multiplicative effects of trustworthiness evaluations and certainty on key indicators of employee risk‐taking including reliance and disclosure behavior. Further, in Study 2, we show that certainty can help predict change in trustworthiness evaluations over time. Finally, in a two‐wave field survey (Study 3), we examine factors that influence evaluation certainty and show that relational transparency and leader prototypicality (LP) have interactive effects on employees' certainty such that the influence of relational transparency on certainty will be more positive at higher levels of LP. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Sequential multiple retinal vein occlusions and transient ischemic attack inMTHFRpolymorphism and protein S deficiency
Authors: Cho Ahra , Ragi Sara D. , Oh Jin Kyun , Lima de Carvalho Jose Ronaldo , Ryu Joseph , Yang Ber‐Yuh , Tsang Stephen H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe C677T variant of theMTHFR(5,10‐Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) gene is associated with increased susceptibility to homocystinuria (OMIM#236250), neural tube defects (OMIM#601634), schizophrenia (OMIM#181500), thromboembolism (OMIM#188050), and vascular diseases. Protein S deficiency is also associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism from reduced thrombin generation. In this report, we describe the case of a patient who presented with multiple retinal vein occlusions likely caused by an underlying combination of a homozygousMTHFRC677T variant and protein S deficiency.MethodsWe performed 8 years of continuous ophthalmic follow‐up of one patient diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion. Peripheral blood was collected for metabolic evaluation and hypercoagulability assessment. Targeted gene sequencing was used for genetic diagnosis. Examination of the retinal vasculature was performed through dilated funduscopic examination, digital color fundus and ultrawide‐field color fundus photography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography.ResultsSequential retinal vein occlusions and a transient ischemic attack were observed during the follow‐up period. Targeted gene sequencing by PCR identified the homozygousMTHFRC677T variant. The metabolic profile indicated low‐protein S activity, high levels of vitamin B6, and LDL cholesterol consistent with her hypercoagulable state. Prescription of low‐dose aspirin and atorvastatin for hypercholesterolemia resulted in no further neovascularization, leakage, or vein occlusion.ConclusionRetinal vein occlusions associated with theMTHFRC677T variant and protein S deficiency may signal impending systemic thromboembolic episodes and warrant aggressive preventative measures.
Boundary control of stochastic reaction‐diffusion systems with Markovian switching
Authors: Han Xin‐Xin , Wu Kai‐Ning , Ding Xiaohua , Yang Baoqing 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis article focuses on the boundary control of stochastic Markovian reaction‐diffusion systems (SMRDSs). Both the cases of completely known and partially unknown transition probabilities are taken into account. By using the Lyapunov functional method, a sufficient condition is obtained under the designed boundary controllers to guarantee the asymptotic mean square stability for SMRDSs with completely known transition probabilities. For the case of partially unknown transition probabilities, we introduce free‐connection weighting matrices to handle the boundary control problem. When external disturbance enters the system, a sufficient criterion of H‐infinity boundary control is developed. Furthermore, robust stabilization is investigated for parametric uncertain SMRDSs in both cases. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approaches.
From Precursor Chemistry to Gas Sensors: Plasma‐Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition Process Engineering for Zinc Oxide Layers from a Nonpyrophoric Zinc Precursor for Gas Barrier and Sensor Applications
Authors: Mai Lukas , Mitschker Felix , Bock Claudia , Niesen Alessia , Ciftyurek Engin , Rogalla Detlef , Mickler Johannes , Erig Matthias , Li Zheshen , Awakowicz Peter , Schierbaum Klaus , Devi Anjana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe identification of bis‐3‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)propyl zinc ([Zn(DMP)2], BDMPZ) as a safe and potential alternative to the highly pyrophoric diethyl zinc (DEZ) as atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursor for ZnO thin films is reported. Owing to the intramolecular stabilization, BDMPZ is a thermally stable, volatile, nonpyrophoric solid compound, however, it possesses a high reactivity due to the presence of Zn‐C and Zn‐N bonds in this complex. Employing this precursor, a new oxygen plasma enhanced (PE)ALD process in the deposition temperature range of 60 and 160 °C is developed. The resulting ZnO thin films are uniform, smooth, stoichiometric, and highly transparent. The deposition on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) at 60 °C results in dense and compact ZnO layers for a thickness as low as 7.5 nm with encouraging oxygen transmission rates (OTR) compared to the bare PET substrates. As a representative application of the ZnO layers, the gas sensing properties are investigated. A high response toward NO2 is observed without cross‐sensitivities against NH3 and CO. Thus, the new PEALD process employing BDMPZ has the potential to be a safe substitute to the commonly used DEZ processes.
The Nano–Intestine Interaction: Understanding the Location‐Oriented Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Intestine
Authors: Cui Xuejing , Bao Lin , Wang Xiaoyu , Chen Chunying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEngineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in food additives, food packages, and therapeutic purposes owing to their useful properties, Therefore, human beings are orally exposed to exogenous nanomaterials frequently, which means the intestine is one of the primary targets of nanomaterials. Consequently, it is of great importance to understand the interaction between nanomaterials and the intestine. When nanomaterials enter into gut lumen, they inevitably interact with various components and thereby display different effects on the intestine based on their locations; these are known as location‐oriented effects (LOE). The intestinal LOE confer a new biological‐effect profile for nanomaterials, which is dependent on the involvement of the following biological processes: nano–mucus interaction, nano–intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) interaction, nano–immune interaction, and nano–microbiota interaction. A deep understanding of NM‐induced LOE will facilitate the design of safer NMs and the development of more efficient nanomedicine for intestine‐related diseases. Herein, recent progress in this field is reviewed in order to better understand the LOE of nanomaterials. The distant effects of nanomaterials coupling with microbiota are also highlighted. Investigation of the interaction of nanomaterials with the intestine will stimulate other new research areas beyond intestinal nanotoxicity.