bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semaglutide once weekly in people with type 2 diabetes: Real‐world analysis of the Canadian LMC diabetes registry (SPARE study)
Authors: Brown Ruth E , Bech Peter G , Aronson Ronnie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate real‐world short‐term clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who initiated semaglutide in a specialist endocrinology practice in Canada.Materials and methodsThis study was a retrospective observational study using data from the Canadian LMC Diabetes Registry. Adults with T2D who were naïve to glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) therapy, initiated semaglutide therapy as usual standard of care between February 2018 and February 2019, and maintained semaglutide therapy during follow‐up, were eligible for analysis. The primary outcome was mean change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at 3‐ to 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsIn the final analytical cohort (n = 937), there was a statistically significant mean ± SD reduction in HbA1c of −1.03 ± 1.24% (11.3 ± 13.6 mmol/mol, P < 0.001) and weight of −3.9 ± 4.0 kg (P < 0.001), with no significant change in self‐reported incidence of hypoglycaemia. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c and weight regardless of number of co‐therapies or semaglutide dose. However, adults using the 1.0‐mg dose had a significantly greater reduction in HbA1c compared to adults using the 0.25‐ to 0.5‐mg dose (between‐group difference − 0.24 ± 0.06%, 2.6 ± 0.7 mmol/mol; P < 0.001). Adults using basal‐bolus therapy required a significantly lower median total daily dose of insulin after adding semaglutide (0.82 vs. 0.93 U/kg; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis retrospective observational study demonstrated that GLP‐1RA‐naïve adults with T2D initiating semaglutide in a real‐world clinical practice had a statistically and clinically significant reduction in HbA1c and body weight after 3 to 6 months, regardless of semaglutide dose or order of semaglutide therapy, with no significant change in reported incidence of hypoglycaemia.
Semantic reversal anomalies under the microscope: Task and modality influences on language‐associated event‐related potentials
Authors: Kyriaki Louise , Schlesewsky Matthias , Bornkessel‐Schlesewsky Ina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSemantic reversal anomalies (SRAs)—sentences where an implausibility is created by reversing participant roles—have attracted much attention in the literature on the electrophysiology of language. In spite of being syntactically well formed but semantically implausible, these sentences unexpectedly elicited a monophasic P600 effect in English and Dutch rather than an N400 effect. Subsequent research revealed variability in the presence/absence of an N400 effect to SRAs depending on the language examined and the choice of verb type in English. However, most previous studies employed the same presentation modality (visual) and task (acceptability judgement). Here, we conducted two experiments and three statistical analyses to investigate the influence of stimulus modality, task demand and statistical choices on event‐related potential (ERP) response patterns to SRAs in English. We reproduced a previous study's procedure and analysis (N. Bourguignon et al. (2012) Brain and Language, 122, 179–189) and further introduced between‐subjects factors of task type and modality, using mixed‐effects modelling to analyse the data. We observed an N400 effect to typical English SRAs (agent subject verbs, e.g. “the fries will eat the boys”), which contrasts existing literature and was not predicted by existing theories that account for SRA processing. Task demand modulated the ERPs elicited by SRAs, while auditory presentation led to increased comprehension accuracy and a more broadly distributed ERP. Finally, the statistical methods used influenced the presence/absence of ERP effects. Our results suggest a sensitivity of language‐related ERP patterns to methodological parameters, and we conclude that future experiments should take this into careful consideration.
Designing optimal human‐modified landscapes for forest biodiversity conservation
Authors: Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor , Fahrig Lenore , Tabarelli Marcelo , Watling James I. , Tischendorf Lutz , Benchimol Maíra , Cazetta Eliana , Faria Deborah , Leal Inara R. , Melo Felipe P. L. , Morante‐Filho Jose C. , Santos Bráulio A. , Arasa‐Gisbert Ricard , Arce‐Peña Norma , Cervantes‐López Martín J. , Cudney‐Valenzuela Sabine , Galán‐Acedo Carmen , San‐José Miriam , Vieira Ima C. G. , Slik J.W. Ferry , Nowakowski A. Justin , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgriculture and development transform forest ecosystems to human‐modified landscapes. Decades of research in ecology have generated myriad concepts for the appropriate management of these landscapes. Yet, these concepts are often contradictory and apply at different spatial scales, making the design of biodiversity‐friendly landscapes challenging. Here, we combine concepts with empirical support to design optimal landscape scenarios for forest‐dwelling species. The supported concepts indicate that appropriately sized landscapes should contain ≥ 40% forest cover, although higher percentages are likely needed in the tropics. Forest cover should be configured with c. 10% in a very large forest patch, and the remaining 30% in many evenly dispersed smaller patches and semi‐natural treed elements (e.g. vegetation corridors). Importantly, the patches should be embedded in a high‐quality matrix. The proposed landscape scenarios represent an optimal compromise between delivery of goods and services to humans and preserving most forest wildlife, and can therefore guide forest preservation and restoration strategies.
An improved model for sentiment analysis on luxury hotel review
Authors: Chang Victor , Liu Lian , Xu Qianwen , Li Taiyu , Hsu Ching‐Hsien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a heuristic model for sentiment analysis on luxury hotel reviews to analyse and explore marketing insights from attitudes and emotions expressed in reviews. We make several significant contributions to visual and multimedia analytics. This research will develop the practical application of visual and multimedia analytics as the research foundation is based on information analytics, geospatial analytics, statistical analytics and data management. Large amounts of data are generated by hotel customers on the Internet, which provides a good opportunity for managers and analysts to explore the hidden information. The analysis of luxury hotels involves different types of data, including real‐world scale data, high‐dimensional data and geospatial data. The diversity of data increases the difficulty of processing computational visual analytics. It leads to that some classical classification methods, which cost too much time and have high requirements for hardware, are excluded. The goal is to achieve a compromise between performance and cost. An experiment of this model is operated using data extracted from Booking.com. The entire framework of this experiment includes data collection, data preprocessing, feature engineering consisting of term frequency‐inverse document frequency and Doc2Vec based feature generation and feature selection, Random Forest classification, data analysis and data visualization. The whole process combines statistical analysis, review sentiment analysis and visual analysis to make full use of this dataset and gain more decision‐making information to improve luxury hotels' service quality. Compared with simple sentiment analysis, this integrated analytics in social media is expected to be used in practice to gain more insights. The result shows that luxury hotels should focus on staff training, cleanness of rooms and location choice to improve customer satisfaction. The sentiment distribution shows that scores are consistent with the emotion they show in reviews. Hotels in Spain have a much better average score than hotels in the other five countries. In the experiment, the sentiment analysis model is evaluated by receiver operating characteristic and precision‐recall curve. It is proved that this model performs well. Twenty most essential features have been listed for future adjustments to the model.
Assessing spillover from marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐analytical approach
Authors: Di Lorenzo Manfredi , Guidetti Paolo , Di Franco Antonio , Calò Antonio , Claudet Joachim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOverfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the fisheries benefits remain debateable. Many MPAs include a fully protected area (FPA), restricting all activities, within a partially protected area (PPA) where potentially sustainable activities are permitted. An effective tool for biodiversity conservation, FPAs, can sustain local fisheries via spillover, that is the outward export of individuals from FPAs. Spillover refers to both: “ecological spillover”: outward net emigration of juveniles, subadults and/or adults from the FPA; and “fishery spillover”: the fraction of ecological spillover that directly benefits fishery yields and revenues through fishable biomass. Yet, how common is spillover remains controversial. We present a meta‐analysis of a unique global database covering 23 FPAs worldwide, using published literature and purposely collected field data, to assess the capacity of FPAs to export biomass and whether this response was mediated by specific FPA features (e.g. size, age) or species characteristics (e.g. mobility, economic value). Results show fish biomass and abundance outside FPAs was higher: (a) in locations close to FPA borders (<200 m) than further away (>200 m); (b) for species with a high commercial value; and (c) in the presence of PPA surrounding the FPA. Spillover was slightly higher in FPAs that were larger and older and for more mobile species. Based on the broadest data set compiled to date on marine species ecological spillover beyond FPAs' borders, our work highlights elements that could guide strategies to enhance local fishery management using MPAs.
Development and Validation of the Family Relationship Assessment Scale in Korean College Students’ Families
Authors: Kim Suk‐Sun , Gil Minji , Kim‐Godwin Yeounsoo 
Published: June 2020

The nature of family relationships is a critical measure for healthcare professionals who work with families. In particular, non‐Western cultural groups display a higher level of collectivism that emphasizes relationships between family members. This paper reports the development and psychometric testing of a new scale, the Korean Family Relationship Assessment Scale (FRAS). Using DeVellis’ Guidelines in Scale Development, a pool of 40 items was created after a review of the literature, followed by an assessment for content validity by six experts. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with data from a sample of 217 Korean family triads (father, mother, and college‐aged offspring) (N = 651). The final evaluation yielded three factors with 15 items: family support, family conflict, and family togetherness. Since the FRAS demonstrated good internal consistency and validity, it would be able to facilitate research on the relationships between family support, conflict, togetherness, and health. Applying this new instrument in theory‐based research may contribute to knowledge about the role of the family in the health and well‐being of family members within a Korean context. For clinical practice, this culturally sensitive and valid instrument has the potential to measure changes in family relationships after family therapy or interventions.
Accelerated terrestrial ecosystem carbon turnover and its drivers
Authors: Wu Donghai , Piao Shilong , Zhu Dan , Wang Xuhui , Ciais Philippe , Bastos Ana , Xu Xiangtao , Xu Wenfang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe terrestrial carbon cycle has been strongly influenced by human‐induced CO2 increase, climate change, and land use change since the industrial revolution. These changes alter the carbon balance of ecosystems through changes in vegetation productivity and ecosystem carbon turnover time (τeco). Even though numerous studies have drawn an increasingly clear picture of global vegetation productivity changes, global changes in τeco are still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the changes of τeco between the 1860s and the 2000s and their drivers, based on theory of dynamic carbon cycle in non‐steady state and process‐based ecosystem model. Results indicate that τeco has been reduced (i.e., carbon turnover has accelerated) by 13.5% from the 1860s (74 years) to the 2000s (64 years), with reductions of 1 year of carbon residence times in vegetation (rveg) and of 9 years in soil (rsoil). Additionally, the acceleration of τeco was examined at biome scale and grid scale. Among different driving processes, land use change and climate change were found to be the major drivers of turnover acceleration. These findings imply that carbon fixed by plant photosynthesis is being lost from ecosystems to the atmosphere more quickly over time, with important implications for the climate‐carbon cycle feedbacks.
TETRA‐EU 1.0: A species‐level trophic metaweb of European tetrapods
Authors: Maiorano Luigi , Montemaggiori Alessandro , Ficetola Gentile Francesco , O’Connor Louise , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMotivationDocumenting potential interactions between species represents a major step towards understanding and predicting the spatial and temporal structure of multi‐trophic communities and their functioning. The metaweb concept summarizes the potential trophic (and non‐trophic) interactions in a given species pool. As such, it generalizes the regional species pool of community ecology by incorporating the potential relationships between species from different trophic levels along with their functional characteristics. However, although this concept is very attractive theoretically, it has rarely been used to understand the structure of an ecological network, mostly because of data availability. Here, we provide a continental‐scale, species‐level metaweb for all tetrapods (mammals, breeding birds, reptiles and amphibians) occurring in Europe and in the Northern Mediterranean basin. This metaweb is based on data extracted from the scientific literature, including published papers, books and grey literature.Main type of variable containedFor each species considered, we built the network of potential two‐way trophic interactions.Spatial location and grainWe considered all species occurring in the entire European subcontinent, from Macaronesia (including only the islands belonging politically to Spain and Portugal) to the Ural Mountains (west to east) and from Fennoscandia and U.K. islands to the Mediterranean (north to south). We included Turkey, geographically part of Asia, to provide a complete picture of the north‐eastern Mediterranean coast.Time periodThe data represent information published and/or collected during the last 50 years.Major taxa studied and level of measurementWe focused our metaweb on terrestrial tetrapods occurring in the study area. Only species introduced in historical times and currently naturalized were considered; new introductions were excluded. In total, we included 288 mammals, 509 regularly breeding birds, 250 reptiles and 104 amphibians.Software formatData are supplied as semicolon‐separated text files.
Impact of increasing shade levels on the dry‐matter yield and botanical composition of multispecies forage stands
Authors: Mercier Kelly M. , Teutsch Christopher D. , Fike John H. , Munsell John F. , Tracy Benjamin F. , Strahm Brian D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBotanical diversity has been linked to increased biomass production of grasslands, but these relationships have not been explored as extensively in silvopasture systems where shade impacts on forage mass are variable due to the unique structure and environment of each system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of multiple artificial shade levels on the DM yield and botanical composition of three cool‐season forage mixtures near Blackstone, Virginia, USA. Mixtures were as follows: simple = tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.] and white clover (Trifulium repens L.); intermediate = simple + orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerate L.) and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.); and complex = intermediate + Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Slatted structures created conditions of 30%, 50% and 70% shade relative to a full sun control. Forages were harvested mechanically (no grazers present). Annual yield (DM kg/ha) did not differ among mixtures. As compared to full sun, annual yield was no different at 30% shade, but was reduced by 22 and 36% at 50 and 70% shade respectively. In contrast to other species in the mixtures, orchardgrass increased in proportion when grown beneath all shade levels and is recommended for silvopasture use. Orchardgrass is not particularly well‐adapted to the transition zone between the northern temperate and southern subtropical United States; therefore, these results indicate that silvopastures may be an effective way to integrate marginally adapted, shade‐tolerant cool‐season forages into transition zone grazing systems.
Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 Infection is Morphologically Indistinguishable from Other Causes of DAD
Authors: Konopka Kristine E , Nguyen Teresa , Jentzen Jeffrey M , Rayes Omar , Schmidt Carl J , Wilson Allecia M , Farver Carol F , Myers Jeffrey L 
Published: June 2020

AimsDiffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is a ubiquitous finding in inpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related deaths, but recent reports have also described additional atypical findings, including vascular changes. An aim of this study was to assess lung autopsy findings in COVID‐19 inpatients, and in untreated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐positive individuals who died in the community, in order to understand the relative impact of medical intervention on lung histology. Additionally, we aimed to investigate whether COVID‐19 represents a unique histological variant of DAD by comparing the pathological findings with those of uninfected control patients.Methods and resultsLung sections from autopsy cases were reviewed by three pulmonary pathologists, including two who were blinded to patient cohort. The cohorts included four COVID‐19 inpatients, four cases with postmortem SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnoses who died in the community, and eight SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative control cases. DAD was present in all but one SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patient, who was asymptomatic and died in the community. Although SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients were noted to have more focal perivascular inflammation/endothelialitis than control patients, there were no significant differences in the presence of hyaline membranes, fibrin thrombi, airspace organisation, and ‘acute fibrinous and organising pneumonia’‐like intra‐alveolar fibrin deposition between the cohorts. Fibrinoid vessel wall necrosis, haemorrhage and capillaritis were not features of COVID‐19‐related DAD.ConclusionsDAD is the primary histological manifestation of severe lung disease in COVID‐19 patients who die both in hospital and in the community, suggesting no contribution of hyperoxaemic mechanical ventilation to the histological changes. There are no distinctive morphological features with which to confidently differentiate COVID‐19‐related DAD from DAD due to other causes.
Home as a Site of State‐Corporate Violence: Grenfell Tower, Aetiologies and Aftermaths
Authors: TOMBS STEVE 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFocusing on the aftermaths and consequences of the Grenfell Tower fire, this article reveals the factors which combined to produce a fire that could have such devastating effects. Further, it delineates the discrete ways in which distinct types of harms – physical, emotional and psychological, cultural and relational, and financial and economic – continue to be produced by a combination of State and corporate acts and omissions. Some of these harms are readily apparent, others are opaque and obscured. It concludes by showing how failures to mitigate these factors constitute one manifestation of the more general phenomenon of ‘social murder’.
Improved radical scavenging activity and stabilised colour of nipa palm syrup after ultrasound‐assisted glycation with glycine
Authors: Tamprasit Pornpimon , Panpipat Worawan , Chaijan Manat 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe effects of ultrasound‐assisted glycation with 1 m glycine at room temperature in comparison with thermal glycation on the colour and radical scavenging activity of nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) syrup were investigated. The pH of both treatments decreased with increasing reaction time. The browning development occurred after induction period of 10 min for thermal glycation and 60 min for ultrasound‐assisted glycation. A shorter time of ultrasound rendered the syrup light brown to amber in colour with some green. With long‐term ultrasound, the syrup turned brighter, yellower and greener. The increased DPPH· scavenging activity of the thermal syrup was due to the brown pigments as shown by a marked increase in the A420 and a* value. The scavenging activity of ultrasound‐treated syrup was improved by 53–57% due to the accumulation of UV‐intermediate products as shown by a higher A294/A420. Thus, ultrasonication for 30–60 min was recommended in order to prevent dark colour development of the final syrup.
Efficacy of cassava starch blending with gelling agents and palm oil coating in improving egg shelf life
Authors: Homsaard Nattagarn , Kodsangma Araya , Jantrawut Pensak , Rachtanapun Pornchai , Leksawasdi Noppol , Phimolsiripol Yuthana , Seesuriyachan Phisit , Chaiyaso Thanongsak , Sommano Sarana Rose , Rohindra David , Jantanasakulwong Kittisak 
Published: June 2020

SummaryAn egg coating was developed to preserve the internal quality of eggs by mixing cassava starch (CS), gelling agents and fatty acids. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used as gelling agents. Palm oil fatty acid (PO) was incorporated. Coated and non‐coated eggs were evaluated over a period of 4 weeks at 28 °C by the yolk colour, weight loss, albumen pH and Haugh unit testing. The quality of non‐coated eggs deteriorated from AA to B grade after 3 weeks, with values below the detection limit at 4 weeks. The optimum coating was 6/1/3 w/v% (CS/CMC/PO3). Contact angle, solubility and swelling in the water of the coating materials indicated the improvement of water resistance by addition of CMC and PO. Weight loss of the coated eggs was 4.9% lower than that of the non‐coated eggs (6.5%) after 4 weeks. The CS/CMC/PO3 emulsion coating significantly extended egg shelf life due to the high compatibility and water resistance of CMC as well as the hydrophobic property of PO.