bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A083: Detection of personalized oncogenic risk after genotoxic exposures
Authors: Okunieff Paul , Zhang Steven B , Zhang Zhenhuan , Swarts Steven G , Lockney Natalie A , Casey-Sawicki Katherine , Vidyasagar Sadasivan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Despite reduced sensitivity to sun exposure, many Black patients treated with ionizing radiation appear to experience increased skin toxicity as compared to White patients. The cause is unknown, yet some studies have suggested that DNA repair is reduced in these patients. Therefore, we developed a technology to examine organ-specific differences in mutation rate after irradiation. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of personalized quantitative measurements of single base errors in DNA using a saline skin swab after irradiation. We believe this technology will have the potential to identify patients at higher risk for skin toxicity and, therefore, for whom preventative measures are most important. Methods/Results: We have developed a method for quantification of point mutations using xeno-DNA clamps. This method exceeds the theoretical limit for quantitation of base errors using standard deep-gene sequencing by several orders of magnitude. It can be performed on an organ-specific basis with less than 1 ng of DNA (≈100 cells). We have developed both a mouse and a human clamp set. Measurements of mouse organs, including the liver, brain, skin, spleen, and small bowel, were performed before and at various times after irradiation (0.5 to 10 Gy). Human cell culture studies parallel the mouse studies, and human clinical trials are underway using cotton swabs of skin and oral mucosa. The brain is highly efficient at damage repair, whereas mature lymphocytes repair poorly; epithelial cells (GI and skin) have intermediate accumulation of mutations after irradiation. Mutation accumulation can be higher at a low dose and does not monotonically increase with dose. Conclusions: Our xeno-DNA clamp methodology can easily, inexpensively, and quantitatively measure incremental point changes in the non-coding silent DNA that makes up 98.5% of the human genome. The test is ready for clinical application and a clinical trial is beginning in Black and White patients with head and neck cancers. Preliminary data will be presented.
Citation Format: Paul Okunieff, Steven B Zhang, Zhenhuan Zhang, Steven G Swarts, Natalie A Lockney, Katherine Casey-Sawicki, Sadasivan Vidyasagar. Detection of personalized oncogenic risk after genotoxic exposures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A083.
Abstract A084: Personalized prediction of radiation sensitivity
Authors: Lockney Natalie , Swarts Steven G , Li Jennifer , Morris Christopher , Henderson Randal , Zhang Steven B , Zhang Zhenhuan , Vidyasagar Sadasivan , Gupta Reshu , Casey-Sawicki Katherine , Zlotecki Robert , Okunieff Paul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose/Objective: Patients of different races with similar cancers are often treated with radiation according to safety criteria largely collected from patients of European origin. However, even among those patients, toxicities are not predictable. Patients of African origin appear to have more severe skin radiation reactions, particularly Black women with breast cancer, than other populations. We have developed a technique using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that appears to predict toxicity in patients with otherwise similar radiation dosimetry, allowing for early intervention to prevent side effects (marketed as RadToxTM, DiaCarta, Inc.). Methods: Pre-clinical studies were performed in mice with white (BALB/c), brown (C3H/HeJ), or black (C57BL/6) fur. Radiation was delivered to the hind limb, and the skin reaction was evaluated. Blood was collected to evaluate changes in cfDNA as compared to severity of cutaneous toxicity. A phase I/II clinical study (n=54) was also performed to determine if plasma cfDNA measured early in a radiotherapy course can predict the subset of patients who experience grade 2 or higher radiotoxicity. Results: The most severe toxicity was seen in the C57BL/6 mice, and at similar doses the increase in cfDNA was higher than in the other two strains. Fifty-four patients were evaluable for the clinical study. Radiation significantly increased cfDNA on all days following the first radiation session. Acute maximum GI toxicity score, but not acute GU toxicity, was significantly correlated with cfDNA levels obtained on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of radiotherapy (p&lt;0.005). Conclusions: Plasma cfDNA levels predicted the mouse strain that experienced more severe toxicity, and in a small study detected acute bowel toxicity. A larger study is needed to confirm the results and the value of the test for identifying patients who need special interventions to reduce toxicity. Further testing of this hypothesis is under evaluation in an NCI-funded multi-institutional study.
Citation Format: Natalie Lockney, Steven G Swarts, Jennifer Li, Christopher Morris, Randal Henderson, Steven B Zhang, Zhenhuan Zhang, Sadasivan Vidyasagar, Reshu Gupta, Katherine Casey-Sawicki, Robert Zlotecki, Paul Okunieff. Personalized prediction of radiation sensitivity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A084.
Abstract A102: Association of lymphoid malignancies and area-based socioeconomic status with survival in the United States
Authors: Castaneda-Avila Maira A , Jesdale Bill , Epstein Mara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Over 114,000 new cases of lymphoid malignancies (LM), including Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM), are diagnosed annually. However, little is known about the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on LM survival among Hispanics, who comprise 18% of the US population. This study evaluates the association between area-based SES and survival of Hispanic LM patients compared with non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanics blacks. Methods: All LM reported to the NCI Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER-18) diagnosed between 2000-2015 were included. Census tract-level socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed in tertiles. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (aHR) to evaluate SES with cause-specific survival, adjusted for sex, stage at diagnosis, radiation, surgery and chemotherapy. All analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity. Results: Hispanics with low SES diagnosed with MM were 30% (aHR:1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.6) more likely to die from MM than those Hispanics with high SES. Whites and blacks with low SES diagnosed with MM were 20% (95% CIwhites: 1.1-1.3; 95% CIblacks: 1.0-1.4) more likely to die from MM than those with high SES. An association of low SES and death from NHL also found among Hispanics (aHR: 1.2; 95% IC: 1.1-1.5), whites (aHR: 1.3; 95% IC: 1.2-1.4) and blacks (aHR: 1.3; 95% IC: 1.0-1.7) compared to high SES groups. No association was found for HL. Conclusion: Low SES was associated with worse LM survival among different races/ethnicities. These results suggest SES is an important factor in determining long-term outcomes of patients diagnosed with LM.
Citation Format: Maira A Castaneda-Avila, Bill Jesdale, Mara Epstein. Association of lymphoid malignancies and area-based socioeconomic status with survival in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A102.
Abstract A123: Legislation by states and its impact on factors causing divergence in HPV vaccination coverage: Analysis of 2013-2017 National Immunization Survey - Teens (NIS-TEENS)
Authors: Ranganathan Radhika , Hung Peyin , Adams Swann Arp , Hair Nicole L , Bailey Shiba Simon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is strongly associated with multiple cancer types, affecting women, men and children of all races, ethnicities and backgrounds. HPV causes more than 30,000 cases of cancer every year and more than 70% of U.S population will experience at-least one HPV infection at some point. School-entry mandates and public health education campaigns though being separate entities, have significantly increased vaccine uptake, reduced disease prevalence and decreased racial disparities in disease rates. Furthermore, improvements in immunization against HPV are not equally distributed across gender, age, demographic and socioeconomic divisions within the recommended group of vaccine recipients. Objectives: To analyze and report the association between state-level policies and HPV vaccination uptake. We further explore predictors of HPV vaccination uptake using Aday & Anderson’s behavioral theory of healthcare utilization. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional survey of NIS-Teens data from 2013-2017 was used for the analysis. Bivariable associations and multivariable ordered logistic regression models were statistically performed using STATA 15/IC & SAS v9.4. Results: HPV vaccination completion rates were 17% higher in teens who lived in states with a legislative mandate irrespective of policy enactment. Relative to males, females had 72% higher odds of uptake. Compared to whites, Non-Hispanic blacks had a 21% lower odds of vaccination uptake. Compared to western region of the US, the north-east region reported 1.47 times higher odds of HPV vaccination. Provider recommendation was also significantly associated with HPV vaccination coverage rates. Conclusion: State legislative mandates had a profound impact of vaccination uptake. Additionally, racial minorities were significantly less likely to receive vaccination. Analysis of statewide adaptation of policy related bills and federal funding on VFC (Vaccine For Children) program could further inform those policy initiatives with the greatest uptake of vaccination.
Citation Format: Radhika Ranganathan, Peyin Hung, Swann Arp Adams, Nicole L Hair, Shiba Simon Bailey. Legislation by states and its impact on factors causing divergence in HPV vaccination coverage: Analysis of 2013-2017 National Immunization Survey - Teens (NIS-TEENS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr A123.
Abstract B074: The long noncoding RNA from PVT1 exon 9 is overexpressed in prostate cancer in Black males and induces malignant transformation, invasiveness, and castration-resistance in prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Pal Gargi , Huaman Jeannette , Levine Fayola , Orunmuyi Akintunde , Olapade-Olaopa E. Oluwabunmi , Ogunwobi Olorunseun O. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men in the United States. PCa is the greatest source of cancer-related mortality in males of African ancestry. One of the most important susceptibility loci for cancer is the 8q24 human chromosomal region. The non-protein coding gene locus plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is located at 8q24 and is dysregulated in different cancers. PVT1 gives rise to several alternatively spliced transcripts and microRNAs. There are at least twelve exons of PVT1, which make separate transcripts, and likely have different functions. The transcript from PVT1 exon 9 is significantly overexpressed in PCa tissues in comparison to normal prostate tissues obtained from Black males. Both transient and stable overexpression of PVT1 exon 9 induce significantly increased prostate epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. Notably, implantation into mice of a novel subline of a non-tumorigenic prostate epithelial cell line stably overexpressing PVT1 exon 9 results in the formation of malignant tumors with features characteristic of aggressive PCa. Further, PVT1 exon 9 overexpression significantly induces castration-resistance in prostate epithelial cells. Consequently, PVT1 exon 9 expression is important for PCa initiation and progression and may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications in PCa in Black males.
Citation Format: Gargi Pal, Jeannette Huaman, Fayola Levine, Akintunde Orunmuyi, E. Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi. The long noncoding RNA from PVT1 exon 9 is overexpressed in prostate cancer in Black males and induces malignant transformation, invasiveness, and castration-resistance in prostate epithelial cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B074.
Abstract B102: Body mass index, physical activity, and breast cancer subtype in European American, African American, and Sea Island breast cancer survivors
Authors: Ford Marvella E , Bauza Colleen E , Findlay Victoria J , Turner David P , Abraham-Hilaire Latecia M , Moore Leslie A , Magwood Gayenell , Alberg Anthony J , Gaymon Kadeidre , Knight Kendrea D , Hilton Ebony , Malek Angela M , Kramer Rita M , Peterson Lindsay L , Bolick Susan , Hurley Deborah , Mosley Catishia , Hazelton Tonya R , Burshell Dana R , Nogueira Lourdes , Mack Franshawn , Brown Erika T , Salley Judith D , Whitfield Keith E , Cunningham Joan E 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States and large racial/ethnic disparities are evident. Higher levels of body mass index (BMI), lower rates of physical activity (PA), and hormone receptor-negative BCa sub-type are associated with poorer BCa treatment outcomes. PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of high BMI, low PA level, and BCa sub-type among three BCa survivor groups: European Americans (EAs), African Americans without Sea Island ancestry (AAs), and AAs with SI ancestry (SIs). METHODS: A state central cancer registry database was used to identify 137 (42 EAs, 66 AAs, and 29 SIs) women diagnosed with BCa between May 2012 and October 2013, who were within 6-21 months of diagnosis at the time of the study. RESULTS: Regardless of racial/ethnic group, most participants (82%) were overweight/obese (p=0.46). BMI was highest in younger AAs (p=0.02). The CDC PA guidelines (≥150 minutes/week) were met by only 28% of participants. In terms of BCa sub-type, among the 86 participants who provided saliva samples, the frequency of triple-negative BCa and estrogen-receptor-negative BCa was lower in EAs and SIs than in AAs (p&lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to identify differences in obesity rates, PA rates, and BCa sub-type in EAs, AAs, and SIs. Future research could explore dietary and PA behavioral interventions to reduce BCa recurrence risk, and could evaluate potential differential immune responses linked to the frequency of triple-negative BCa in AAs.
Citation Format: Marvella E Ford, Colleen E Bauza, Victoria J Findlay, David P Turner, Latecia M Abraham-Hilaire, Leslie A Moore, Gayenell Magwood, Anthony J Alberg, Kadeidre Gaymon, Kendrea D Knight, Ebony Hilton, Angela M Malek, Rita M Kramer, Lindsay L Peterson, Susan Bolick, Deborah Hurley, Catishia Mosley, Tonya R Hazelton, Dana R Burshell, Lourdes Nogueira, Franshawn Mack, Erika T Brown, Judith D Salley, Keith E Whitfield, Joan E Cunningham. Body mass index, physical activity, and breast cancer subtype in European American, African American, and Sea Island breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B102.
Abstract C004: End-of-life care in patients with advanced cancer in an urban safety net hospital
Authors: Nguyen Vina P , Festa Kate , Gowarty Minda , Islam Shabatun , Patts Gregory J , Ko Naomi Y 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Abstract End-of-life care (EoL) in patients with advanced cancer is uniquely challenging in an urban safety net hospital. Low socioeconomic status, poor health literacy and non-congruent language barriers are only a few of the possible challenges that patients can encounter. The purpose of this study was to understand patterns of EoL care for patients with advanced cancer treated at a racially diverse, urban academic safety net hospital. Experimental Procedures We performed a retrospective analysis of 308 adult patients with advanced cancer who died between 2012 and 2015. A standardized chart abstraction tool included sociodemographic, clincopathologic and health services variables. We defined under-utilization of EoL care as no enrollment in hospice or enrollment for three days or less. Aggressive EoL care was defined as 1) receipt of chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life, 2) admission to the intensive care unit in the last 30 days of life, 3) more than one admission (to the hospital or emergency department) in the last 30 days of life, or 4) dying in an acute care setting. Summary of Data Among 308 abstracted records, 54% were racial minorities, 63% were not born in the United States, 72% had public health insurance. In all, 48% of cases demonstrated under-utilization of EoL care, and 45% demonstrated aggressive EoL care. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that, after adjusting for other factors, every month of increased survival was associated with a 3% decreased risk of aggressive EoL care and of under-utilization of hospice. We also demonstrate that having a documented healthcare proxy and older age was also associated with utilization of EoL care. Conclusions In conclusion, appropriate EoL care is critical for all advanced cancer patients and can be improved for patients seeking care at safety net hospitals. Our study demonstrates that advanced age, having a healthcare proxy, and longer survival from a cancer diagnosis was associated with improved EoL care. These findings can help to inform targeted interventions to improve EoL care for diverse populations.
Citation Format: Vina P Nguyen, Kate Festa, Minda Gowarty, Shabatun Islam, Gregory J Patts, Naomi Y Ko. End-of-life care in patients with advanced cancer in an urban safety net hospital [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C004.
Abstract C015: Cardiovascular disease and health-related quality of life among African American and white cancer survivors
Authors: Kyko Jaclyn M. , Beebe-Dimmer Jennifer L. , Baird Tara E. , Schwartz Ann G. , Hastert Theresa A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common among cancer survivors and is a leading cause of death among survivors of several forms of cancer. Race disparities exist in the prevalence of several forms of CVD, and these may have implications for the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of cancer survivors. The current study estimates the association between several forms of CVD and HRQOL among a diverse cohort of cancer survivors. Methods: This analysis was conducted using data from 979 participants (574 African American, 405 white) with female breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer in the Detroit Research On Cancer Survivors (ROCS) pilot study who were diagnosed and/or treated at the Karmanos Cancer Center in Detroit, Michigan. The analyses were conducted using linear regression with binary measurements of five different forms of CVD included in the ROCS pilot survey (self-reported history of congestive heart failure (CHF), myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and stroke) as predictors of HRQOL measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General (FACT-G), controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and cancer-related characteristics. We also tested for effect modification by race. Results: FACT-G scores were 2.2 (95% CI: -4.3, 0.0) points lower among cancer survivors who were diagnosed with any type of CVD compared to those who were not. This association did not differ by race (Pinteraction=0.25). FACT-G scores were somewhat lower among survivors diagnosed with hypertension [-1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.1, 0.1], MI (-4.1; 95% CI: -8.4, 0.2), CHF (-3.7; 95% CI: -8.2, 0.9), or stroke (-4.0; 95% CI: -8.5, 0.5); however, the magnitude of these differences was not clinically meaningful and the findings did not reach statistical significance. History of MI was associated with clinically meaningful differences in HRQOL among African American (-6.1; 95% CI: -11.3, -0.8) but not white survivors (-0.4, 95% CI: -7.9, 7.2; Pinteraction=0.15). Conclusions: Overall, any type of CVD was not associated with meaningful differences in HRQOL among cancer survivors. Our finding that history of MI was associated with clinically meaningful differences in HRQOL among African American survivors, but not white, could represent an opportunity for future efforts to improve survivors’ HRQOL.
Citation Format: Jaclyn M. Kyko, Jennifer L. Beebe-Dimmer, Tara E. Baird, Ann G. Schwartz, Theresa A. Hastert. Cardiovascular disease and health-related quality of life among African American and white cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C015.