bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Graphene-Modified Anticorrosion Coating and Study on Its Corrosion Resistance Mechanism
Authors: Wang Peng , Cai Dayong 
Published: November 2020

When aluminum alloy is present in a Cl−-rich environment, the surface oxide film is easily damaged, resulting in faster dissolution of the substrate. The application of graphene-modified anticorrosion coating can effectively prevent the occurrence of corrosion. In this study, to explore the corrosion resistance of graphene-modified anticorrosion coating on the surface of aluminum alloy, we prepared graphene-modified anticorrosion coating on the surface of aluminum alloy and investigated the corrosion resistance mechanism. Epoxy resin primer and polyurethane top coat were modified by predispersed reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectrum were used to investigate the microstructure of graphene-modified anticorrosion coating, and it was found that the addition of rGO could effectively improve the porosity defect of epoxy resin primer. Electrochemical workstation was used to quickly characterize the corrosion resistance of graphene-modified anticorrosion coating, and the change of the electrochemical curve during soaking in 3.5% NaCl was investigated every 5 hours. It was found that the application of rGO to modify the anticorrosion coating could improve the corrosion resistance of the anticorrosion coating, and as the soaking time increased, the corrosion resistance of graphene-modified anticorrosion coating changed regularly. The study results indicated that when the content of rGO was 0.4%, the porosity of epoxy coating decreased from 1.54% to 0.33%, the porosity dropped by an order of magnitude, and the self-corrosion voltage was relatively positive (-0.72434 V). The self-corrosion current density was the lowest (

1.948
×

10

−
6

A
/
c

m

2

), and at the low frequency, the impedance modulus was the highest (103). After the equivalent circuit fitting, the dispersion index was relatively high, the dispersion effect was relatively weak, and the corrosion resistance of the coating was improved. For graphene-modified anticorrosion coating, in the early stage of corrosion protection, the existence of pores and other defects in the coating might increase the dispersion effect, resulting in greatly decreased corrosion resistance of the coating. In the middle stage of corrosion protection, the pores in the coating would be completely filled by corrosive ions, resulting in a weakened dispersion effect. Therefore, the decrease in the corrosion resistance of the coating was slowed down and became stable.
Intraperitoneal Oil Application Causes Local Inflammation with Depletion of Resident Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Alsina-Sanchis Elisenda , Mülfarth Ronja , Moll Iris , Mogler Carolin , Rodriguez-Vita Juan , Fischer Andreas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Oil is frequently used as a solvent to inject lipophilic substances into the peritoneum of laboratory animals. Although mineral oil causes chronic peritoneal inflammation, little is known whether other oils are better suited. We show that olive, peanut, corn, or mineral oil causes xanthogranulomatous inflammation with depletion of resident peritoneal macrophages. However, there were striking differences in the severity of the inflammatory response. Peanut and mineral oil caused severe chronic inflammation with persistent neutrophil and monocyte recruitment, expansion of the vasculature, and fibrosis. Corn and olive oil provoked no or only mild signs of chronic inflammation. Mechanistically, the vegetal oils were taken up by macrophages leading to foam cell formation and induction of cell death. Olive oil triggered caspase-3 cleavage and apoptosis, which facilitate the resolution of inflammation. Peanut oil and, to a lesser degree, corn oil, triggered caspase-1 activation and macrophage pyroptosis, which impair the resolution of inflammation. As such, intraperitoneal oil administration can interfere with the outcome of subsequent experiments. As a proof of principle, intraperitoneal peanut oil injection was compared with its oral delivery in a thioglycolate-induced peritonitis model. The chronic peritoneal inflammation due to peanut oil injection impeded the proper recruitment of macrophages and the resolution of inflammation in this peritonitis model. In summary, the data indicate that it is advisable to deliver lipophilic substances, like tamoxifen, by oral gavage instead of intraperitoneal injection.

Implications:
This work contributes to the reproducibility of animal research by helping to understand some of the undesired effects observed in animal experiments.
Novel Blood Cytokine‐Based Model for Predicting Severe Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Chen Liang , Yao Guangyu , Yang Wenbo , Yang Ke , Xiong Chenglong 
Published: November 2020

Background
Alterations in serum creatinine levels delay the identification of severe cardiac surgery‐associated acute kidney injury. To provide timely diagnosis, novel predictive tools should be investigated.

Methods and Results
This prospective observational study consists of a screening cohort (n=204) and a validation cohort (n=198) from 2 centers from our hospital. Thirty‐two inflammatory cytokines were measured via a multiplex cytokine assay. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was conducted to select the cytokine signatures of severe cardiac surgery‐associated acute kidney injury. Afterwards, the significant candidates including interferon‐γ, interleukin‐16, and MIP‐1α (macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 alpha) were integrated into the logistic regression model to construct a predictive model. The predictive accuracy of the model was evaluated in these 2 cohorts. The cytokine‐based model yielded decent performance in both the screening (C‐statistic: 0.87, Brier 0.10) and validation cohorts (C‐statistic: 0.86, Brier 0.11). Decision curve analysis revealed that the cytokine‐based model had a superior net benefit over both the clinical factor‐based model and the established plasma biomarker‐based model for predicting severe acute kidney injury. In addition, elevated concentrations of each cytokine were associated with longer mechanical ventilation times, intensive care unit stays, and hospital stays. They strongly predicted the risk of composite events (defined as treatment with renal replacement therapy and/or in‐hospital death) (OR of the fourth versus the first quartile [95% CI]: interferon‐γ, 27.78 [3.61–213.84], interleukin‐16, 38.07 [4.98–291.07], and MIP‐1α, 9.13 [2.84–29.33]).

Conclusions
Our study developed and validated a promising blood cytokine‐based model for predicting severe acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery and identified prognostic biomarkers for assisting in outcome risk stratification.
Cirrus Cloud Top-of-the-Atmosphere Net Daytime Forcing in the Alaskan Subarctic from Ground-Based MPLNET Monitoring
Authors: Campbell James R. , Dolinar Erica K. , Lolli Simone , Fochesatto Gilberto J. , Gu Yu , Lewis Jasper R. , Marquis Jared W. , McHardy Theodore M. , Ryglicki David R. , Welton Ellsworth J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCirrus cloud daytime top-of-the-atmosphere radiative forcing (TOA CRF) is estimated for a 2-yr NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (532 nm; MPLNET) dataset collected at Fairbanks, Alaska. Two-year-averaged daytime TOA CRF is estimated to be between −1.08 and 0.78 W·m−2 (from −0.49 to 1.10 W·m−2 in 2017, and from −1.67 to 0.47 W·m−2 in 2018). This subarctic study completes a now trilogy of MPLNET ground-based cloud forcing investigations, following midlatitude and tropical studies by Campbell et al. at Greenbelt, Maryland, and Lolli et al. at Singapore. Campbell et al. hypothesize a global meridional daytime TOA CRF gradient that begins as positive at the equator (2.20–2.59 W·m−2 over land and from −0.46 to 0.42 W·m−2 over ocean at Singapore), becomes neutral in the midlatitudes (0.03–0.27 W·m−2 over land in Maryland), and turns negative moving poleward. This study does not completely confirm Campbell et al., as values are not found as exclusively negative. Evidence in historical reanalysis data suggests that daytime cirrus forcing in and around the subarctic likely once was exclusively negative. Increasing tropopause heights, inducing higher and colder cirrus, have likely increased regional forcing over the last 40 years. We hypothesize that subarctic interannual cloud variability is likely a considerable influence on global cirrus cloud forcing sensitivity, given the irregularity of polar versus midlatitude synoptic weather intrusions. This study and hypothesis lay the basis for an extrapolation of these MPLNET experiments to satellite-based lidar cirrus cloud datasets.
Changes in Local and Global Climate Feedbacks in the Absence of Interactive Clouds: Southern Ocean–Climate Interactions in Two Intermediate-Complexity Models
Authors: Pfister Patrik L. , Stocker Thomas F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe global-mean climate feedback quantifies how much the climate system will warm in response to a forcing such as increased CO2 concentration. Under a constant forcing, this feedback becomes less negative (increasing) over time in comprehensive climate models, which has been attributed to increases in cloud and lapse-rate feedbacks. However, out of eight Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) not featuring interactive clouds, two also simulate such a feedback increase: Bern3D-LPX and LOVECLIM. Using these two models, we investigate the causes of the global-mean feedback increase in the absence of cloud feedbacks. In both models, the increase is predominantly driven by processes in the Southern Ocean region. In LOVECLIM, the global-mean increase is mainly due to a local longwave feedback increase in that region, which can be attributed to lapse-rate changes. It is enhanced by the slow atmospheric warming above the Southern Ocean, which is delayed due to regional ocean heat uptake. In Bern3D-LPX, this delayed regional warming is the main driver of the global-mean feedback increase. It acts on a near-constant local feedback pattern mainly determined by the sea ice–albedo feedback. The global-mean feedback increase is limited by the availability of sea ice: faster Southern Ocean sea ice melting due to either stronger forcing or higher equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) reduces the increase of the global mean feedback in Bern3D-LPX. In the highest-ECS simulation with 4 × CO2 forcing, the feedback even becomes more negative (decreasing) over time. This reduced ice–albedo feedback due to sea ice depletion is a plausible mechanism for a decreasing feedback also in high-forcing simulations of other models.
Clarifying the Relation between AMOC and Thermal Wind: Application to the Centennial Variability in a Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Waldman Robin , Hirschi Joël , Voldoire Aurore , Cassou Christophe , Msadek Rym 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work aims to clarify the relation between the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the thermal wind. We derive a new and generic dynamical AMOC decomposition that expresses the thermal wind transport as a simple vertical integral function of eastern minus western boundary densities. This allows us to express density anomalies at any depth as a geostrophic transport in Sverdrups (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) per meter and to predict that density anomalies around the depth of maximum overturning induce most AMOC transport. We then apply this formalism to identify the dynamical drivers of the centennial AMOC variability in the CNRM-CM6 climate model. The dynamical reconstruction and specifically the thermal wind component explain over 80% of the low-frequency AMOC variance at all latitudes, which is therefore almost exclusively driven by density anomalies at both zonal boundaries. This transport variability is dominated by density anomalies between depths of 500 and 1500 m, in agreement with theoretical predictions. At those depths, southward-propagating western boundary temperature anomalies induce the centennial geostrophic AMOC transport variability in the North Atlantic. They are originated along the western boundary of the subpolar gyre through the Labrador Sea deep convection and the Davis Strait overflow.
Defining the role of occupational therapy with people living with and beyond cancer: Perspectives of British and Irish occupational therapists
Authors: Mackenzie Lynette 
Published: November 2020

Introduction More people are surviving cancer treatment and face challenges in everyday life. Occupational therapists may often interact with people living with and beyond cancer. This study aimed to identify the perspectives of United Kingdom and Irish occupational therapists about their views on the role of occupational therapy with people living with and beyond cancer. Method A cross-sectional online survey was distributed via the United Kingdom and Irish occupational therapy professional associations, social media invitations and snowball sampling. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 141 occupational therapists (56.6% from Ireland and 43.4% from the United Kingdom) responded; however, some did not answer every question. The largest group were those who worked in publicly funded community service settings: National Health Service, Health Service Executive in Ireland and social care ( n = 49, 33.8%), or publicly funded hospitals ( n = 45, 31.0%), and 40% ( n = 54) frequently worked with people living with and beyond cancer. Participants rated the most common interventions used, therapeutic gaps, barriers to best practice in survivorship care and opinions about further education needed. Conclusion Participants agreed that the occupational therapy role with people living with and beyond cancer was under-developed. The study identified gaps in best practice that need to be addressed to accommodate the predicted growth in numbers of people living with and beyond cancer.
Rethinking Carbapenems: A Pharmacokinetic Approach for Antimicrobial Selection in Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Maguire Christina , Agrawal Deepak , Daley Mitchell J. , Douglass Elizabeth , Rose Dusten T. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To provide an overview of pathophysiological changes to the pancreas during infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP), optimal drug properties needed to penetrate the pancreas, human and animal studies supporting the use of antimicrobials, and carbapenem-sparing strategies in INP. Data Sources: A literature analysis of PubMed/MEDLINE was performed (from 1960 to September 2020) using the following key terms: infected necrotizing pancreatitis, necrotizing acute pancreatitis, and infected pancreatitis antimicrobial concentration. Individual antimicrobials were investigated with these search terms. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All relevant studies describing the management of INP, and human and animal pharmacokinetic (PK) data supporting antimicrobial use in the pancreas were reviewed for possible inclusion regardless of sample size or study design. Data Synthesis: Piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime achieve adequate pancreatic tissue concentrations in INP studies. A majority of the literature supporting carbapenem use in INP involves imipenem, and meropenem Monte Carlo simulations suggest that standard dosing regimens of meropenem may not achieve PK targets to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Carbapenems are often utilized for INP treatment based on guideline recommendations. This review discusses PK data, the history of carbapenem use in INP, and the pathophysiology of pancreatitis to suggest carbapenem-sparing strategies and provides stewardship tactics such as when to start antimicrobials, which empirical antimicrobial to use, and when to discontinue antimicrobials in the INP setting. Conclusions: Noncarbapenem antipseudomonals, such as piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime, are appropriate carbapenem-sparing options in INP, based on PK data, spectrum of activity, and risk of collateral damage.
Corneal flattening following collagen crosslinking for keratoconus: Findings at 5-year follow-up
Authors: Hoyek Sandra , Arej Nicolas , El Rami Hala , Saba Peggy , Antoun Joelle 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To study the corneal flattening effect of cross-linking (CXL) overtime and to look for a potential association with preoperative topographic variables and the central depth of demarcation line (DDL). Methods: 201 eyes of 146 patients (mean age of 31.2 ± 7.3 years) with progressive keratoconus who underwent CXL between June 2007 and December 2012 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Follow-up visits were performed at different time intervals for at least 5 years. Preoperative parameters and depth of demarcation line were collected from LaserVision ophthalmology center in Lebanon. Corneal flattening was defined by a change in postoperative Kmax (ΔKmax) greater than 1.00 D. Results: ΔKmax increased from 50.25% to 61.69%, from first to last follow-up visits. The only factor significantly correlated to ΔKmax during all follow-up visits was preoperative maximum keratometry (Kmax) especially when greater than 50.00 D (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.10–3.34). All eyes showed a corneal demarcation line (mean central depth (DDL): 217.11 ± 26.54 μm), with no statistically significant correlation between DDL and ΔKmax. Conclusion: CXL effect on cornea can be cumulative overtime and delayed flattening occurs in some cases. ΔKmax is positively correlated with preoperative Kmax and no association was found between ΔKmax and DDL. Therefore, DDL may not be a valid measure for the efficacy of CXL.
Distal Retrograde Access for Infrainguinal Arterial Chronic Total Occlusions: A Prospective, Single Center, Observational Study in the Office-Based Laboratory Setting
Authors: Leon Luis R. , Green Courtney , Labropoulos Nicos , Pacanowski John P. , Jhajj Sandeep , Pandit Viraj 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of retrograde arterial recanalization of infrainguinal CTOs in the OBL setting. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent interventions for lower extremity CTOs in the OBL setting by a single vascular surgeon were evaluated (January 2013-November 2017). If antegrade crossing was not possible, then a retrograde distal approach was used. Patient characteristics, CTO location, procedural time, contrast, anticoagulation and radiation doses and costs were recorded. Post-procedural complications were documented on post-procedure day 1 and 10-14 days post procedure. Three groups were compared: group 1—antegrade approach for femoropopliteal CTOs; group 2—antegrade approach for tibial CTOs, and; group 3—retrograde approach for femoropopliteal and tibial CTOs. Results: Two hundred and thirty-seven patients were studied. In 39 (16.5%), the lesions could not be crossed. A successful antegrade approach was used in 185 of them, of which 69% ( group 1, n = 128) patients had femoropopliteal CTOs and 31% ( group 2, n = 57) had tibial CTOs. Fourteen patients (5.9%, group 3) were treated by retrograde distal approach. Group 3 patients received higher contrast doses than groups 1 and 2 ( p = 0.01). However, patients in groups 1 and 2 received similar contrast doses. Group 3 patients had the highest operative time and treatment costs followed by group 1 and then group 2 ( p = 0.01). Three femoral pseudoaneurysms were noted in group 1, and 2 in group 2. No complications were seen in group 3. Conclusions: Although the operative times, costs, radiation and contrast dose are higher with retrograde arterial access, it represents a safe and effective method for the crossing of CTO infrainguinal lesions in an ambulatory venue.
Outcome measurement tools for communication, voice and speech intelligibility in the ICU and their clinimetric properties: A systematic review
Authors: Zaga Charissa J , Cigognini Bridie , Vogel Adam P , Berney Sue 
Published: November 2020

Purpose To identify outcome measurement tools used to evaluate communication, voice and speech intelligibility in the mechanically ventilated ICU population. Secondly, to evaluate, synthesise and compare the clinimetric properties of the tools identified. Materials and methods A systematic review of articles was undertaken via electronic databases in two parts. Eligibility criteria for selection: part one – quantitative or mixed methods studies which assessed communication, voice or speech intelligibility; part two – studies which evaluated a clinimetric property for one of the tools identified in part one. Two independent reviewers assessed articles for inclusion and used the consensus-based standards for health status measurement instruments (COSMIN) risk of bias checklist. Results The part one search yielded five included studies comprised of eight outcome measurement tools. The part two search yielded 22 included studies comprised of nine tools. Few studies had adequate reliability and measurement error properties. No studies established responsiveness. A notable proportion of studies utilised tools that have no clinimetric properties. Conclusions There is a relatively small number of studies which have established clinimetric properties for outcome measurement tools that evaluate communication, voice and/or speech intelligibility, and a fewer number which have done so in the mechanically ventilated ICU population.
Human induced pluripotent stem cells technology in treatment resistant depression: novel strategies and opportunities to unravel ketamine’s fast-acting antidepressant mechanisms
Authors: Marcatili Matteo , Sala Carlo , Dakanalis Antonios , Colmegna Fabrizia , D’Agostino Armando , Gambini Orsola , Dell’Osso Bernardo , Benatti Beatrice , Conti Luciano , Clerici Massimo 
Published: November 2020

Approximately 30% of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients develop treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Among the different causes that make TRD so challenging in both clinical and research contexts, major roles are played by the inadequate understanding of MDD pathophysiology and the limitations of current pharmacological treatments. Nevertheless, the field of psychiatry is facing exciting times. Combined with recent advances in genome editing techniques, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology is offering novel and unique opportunities in both disease modelling and drug discovery. This technology has allowed innovative disease-relevant patient-specific in vitro models to be set up for many psychiatric disorders. Such models hold great potential in enhancing our understanding of MDD pathophysiology and overcoming many of the well-known practical limitations inherent to animal and post-mortem models. Moreover, the field is approaching the advent of (es)ketamine, a glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, claimed as one of the first and exemplary agents with rapid (in hours) antidepressant effects, even in TRD patients. Although ketamine seems poised to transform the treatment of depression, its exact mechanisms of action are still unclear but greatly demanded, as the resulting knowledge may provide a model to understand the mechanisms behind rapid-acting antidepressants, which may lead to the discovery of novel compounds for the treatment of depression. After reviewing insights into ketamine’s mechanisms of action (derived from preclinical animal studies) and depicting the current state of the art of hiPSC technology below, we will consider the implementation of an hiPSC technology-based TRD model for the study of ketamine’s fast acting antidepressant mechanisms of action.