bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KEBIASAAN SARAPAN DAN KONSENTRASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Purnawinadi I Gede , Lotulung Christa Vike 
Published: April 2020

Breakfast is useful to meet the energy needs of the body, especially the brain requires nutrition in improving the ability to concentrate in learning. This study aims to analyze the relationship between breakfast habits and the concentration of learning in students at Klabat University. This type of research is an analytic survey through a cross sectional approach which was conducted on 177 general English 1 class students who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The questionnaire was used to obtain data on breakfast habits and concentration of learning. Analysis of the relationship between variables using the Spearman Correlation test. The results showed that the dominant students rarely had breakfast (39%) and high learning concentration (56.5%). There was a very weak but significant relationship between breakfast habits with the level of student learning concentration (r = 0.162 and p = 0.031). Students awareness about the importance of breakfast needs to be increased through socialization in the classroom and outside the classroom.
Keywords: breakfast habit, learning concentration, students
Sarapan bermanfaat memenuhi kebutuhan energi tubuh terlebih otak memerlukan gizi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan konsentrasi dalam belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan sarapan dengan konsentrasi belajar pada mahasiswa di Universitas Klabat. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan survei analitik melalui pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 177 mahasiswa kelas general english 1 yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kuesioner digunakan untuk memperoleh data kebiasaan sarapan dan konsentrasi belajar. Analisis hubungan antar variabel menggunakan uji Korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dominan mahasiswa jarang sarapan (39%) dan konsentrasi belajar tinggi (56,5%). Terdapat hubungan yang sangat lemah namun bermakna antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan tingkat konsentrasi belajar mahasiswa (r = 0,162 dan p = 0,031). Kesadaran mahasiswa tentang pentingnya sarapan perlu ditingkatkan melalui sosialisasi di kelas maupun di luar kelas.
Kata kunci: kebiasaan sarapan, konsentrasi belajar, mahasiswa
Sustainable Development and Application of Bio – Energy in Coconut Plantations
Authors: H.A.J. Gunathilake  
Published: April 2020

One hectare of coconut land (156 palms ha-1) planted with gliricidia (2250 trees ha-1 into double rows in avenues of coconut), available natural pasture and outside supplied paddy straw coupled with six buffaloes were mixed into a farming model to examine total productivity and potential of green energy production by wood and biogas. Six buffaloes were maintained in a shed and the manure was collected for biogas generation. Biogas was purified from H2S and the bio fuel was used to run a 0.75 hp engine. Wood of gliricidia was used to energize a 3.5 kW gassifire-engine system for generating electricity.
Productivity of gliricidia in the 3rd year was 4.5 kg wood (at 20% moisture) and 3.5 kg of fresh foliage per tree/year. Each buffalo produced an average of 622 liters of milk at the first lactation (for a period of 10 months) and value of a calf was Rs. 41244.00 at the age of 17 months.
Soils of the model were enriched by adding the effluent of biogas digester. The soil fertility (N, P, K, Mg, moisture holding capacity) improved significantly over soils sampled outside the model. The effluent of biogas was more fertile than dried buffalo dung. As a result, nut yield of coconut palms increased from 30 to 60 nuts palm-1 year-1 over a period of two years.
In green energy production, the dung of six buffaloes passed through a 0.5 kW biogas-engine system generator produced 2 kwh of electricity per day which if generated by diesel driven generator would require 0.9 liters of diesel. The annual generation of electricity from the biogas amounted to 700 kwh. On the other hand, gliricidia wood of one hectare of coconut land was sufficient to energize 3.5 kW gassifire – engine – generator set for 1600 hours/year and this was equivalent to 5000 kwh of electricity (kWh). Thus, one hectare of coconut/gliricidia/natural pasture/paddy straw with six buffaloes was able to produce green energy equivalent to 5700 units of electricity (kWh) or 2,565 liters of diesel, in addition to farm income derived from coconut, buffalo milk and other benefits of buffalo farming. The total return (coconut, selling of calves, buffalo milk and bio fertilizer) added up to Rs. 704,070 ha-1 year-1. The feasibility of this model for adoption by small farmers of the coconut triangle in Sri Lanka is presented on the basis of this study.
Rapid and Cost-effective Embryo Culture Technique for Commercial Production of Makapuno Seedlings
Authors: Osmundo D. Orense  
Published: April 2020

An embryo cultured Makapuno (ECM) production scheme which is simpler, faster and more low-cost than the current protocol has been developed. With improvements in the ex vitro establishment environment, the cut-off age for in vitro stage of seedlings before they can be transferred to soil has been lowered from 7 to 4 months resulting in a shorter ECM production cycle from 13 to 10 months. The improvements simplified the current ECM production technique by doing away with several complicated in vitro cultural practices and ex vitro establishment steps. Overall, the new ECM production scheme lowered the cost of production resulting in more affordable ECM seedlings for the farmers.
Financial analysis of a 10 year ECM seedling production venture projected much higher Internal Rate of Return, Benefit Cost Ratio and Net Present Value as well as shorter Payback Period with the use of the new ECM production scheme. With the new scheme, the break-even prices using marginal and full-cost operations were approximately 4 to 8 times lower than the current selling price for ECM seedlings. With these results, it is expected that more entrepreneurs will take up the technology for commercial production with a consequent massive planting of ECM and greater production of Makapuno in the country.
Study on Fatty Acid Composition and Amino Acid Content of Coconut Endosperm of Selected Coconut Cultivars in Thailand
Authors: Wilaiwan Twishsri  
Published: April 2020

The nutritive values of tropical fruits like coconut are of interest to consumers and useful for the breeding program. The two experiments were carried out in Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The first experiment aimed to determine the essential and non-essential amino acid content of liquid and solid endosperm of potential market varieties of coconut such as young tender nut of Aromatic Green Dwarf (Nam Hom) and mature nut of hybrid Nam Hom x Kathi (NHK). Among the 18 kinds of amino acids, the significant differences were found on Aspatic acid, Cystine, Serine, Isoleucine, and Phenylalanine content while highly significant differences were found on Histidine and Methionine content. The second experiment aimed to determine the fatty acid composition of virgin coconut oil of 20 coconut accessions from the coconut field gene bank of Thailand at Chumphon Horticultural Research Centre. The result showed that there were significant differences on the eight fatty acid compositions. Among the eight fatty acids, lauric acid is the most noted one by consumers and it was found that lauric acid content in virgin coconut oil (VCO) was excellent (lauric acid > 48.8%) and the mean of lauric aicd content among the eight varieties had no significant difference at 5% level by DMRT. These varieties include including Renell Tall, Chumphon Hybrid No. 2, Malayan Yellow Dwarf, Sawi Hybrid No.1 (MAWA), Hybrid Chumphon 60, Thai Red Dwarf, Sri Lanka Tall, and Hybrid Nam Hom x Kathi (NHK) with the lauric acid content at 51.0, 50.1, 49.3, 49.0, 49.0, 49.0, 48.9, and 48.8%, respectively. These varieties, therefore, were suitable for VCO processing since they have high lauric content.
Australian Contributions to Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Research (A Review Article)
Authors: Mike Foale  
Published: April 2020

Australia has been a significant supporter of research into coconut protection, improvement and biotechnology for three decades. Major achievements include a key role in identification of the Cadang Cadang Viroid in Philippines and the Foliar Decay virus in Vanuatu, surveys of coconut genetic diversity in the south Pacific, and the initiation of global collaboration leading to the formation of the Coconut Genetic Resources Network.
Another major Australian contribution beginning in the 1980s, has been to the development and refinement of methods of collection and exchange around the world of diverse coconut genotypes under COGENT involving particularly the protocol for embryo transfer and culture. Most recently CO2 enrichment of the in vitro atmosphere has raised cultured embryo growth to a new level at the University of Queensland (UQ). Researchers at UQ have brought somatic embryogenesis, a critical process for multiplication of high-value individual palms, to the verge of commercial application, has and also greatly advanced the technique for preserving genetic material by cryopreservation of the embryo. The development of a healthy and high-value snack food from coconut kernel has also emerged at UQ.
Modest additional funding would advance all of these recent projects to the stage of general application, thereby building on the strong record of Australia in helping to secure the future of coconut producers in the community and economy of Pacific nations, and beyond.
Quality of Coconut Oil using Fruit of Dwarf Coconut
Authors: Steivie Karouw  , Chandra Indrawanto  , Hengky Novarianto  
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research was to study processing of coconut oil which focused on evaluation of the quality of oil by using fruit of several Dwarf coconut as raw materials. The varieties used were Salak Green Dwarf (SGD), Raja Brown Dwarf (RBD) and Bali Yellow Dwarf (BYD). The oil was extracted through the wet process by heating technique. The coconut oil volume was measured and evaluated for its fatty acids profile, free fatty acid contents, moisture content, color, smell and taste. The by-products such as coconut residue and blondo were measured, too. The results showed that processing of oil from 200 Dwarf nuts produced 7.1-8.4 L. The highest volume of oil (8.4 L) was resulted from SGD. The oil was generally having high medium chain fatty acid around 58.50-62.32% including lauric acid at 46.82-48.46%. The oil made from fruits of SGD contained the highest lauric acid around 48.46%, followed by RBD and BYD reaching 48.06% and 46.82%, respectively. It had a good smell, and fatty acid and moisture content were in accord with Indonesian National Standard. The coconut oil processed using the fruit of the SGD and RBD has a clear white color, while the BYD having clear yellow in color, like corn oil.
Evaluation of Properties of Dikiri Pulp in the Formulation of Jam
Authors: K.D.P.P. Gunathilake  
Published: April 2020

The peculiar farm of coconut,” Dikiri” was studied for its kernel composition including pectin content with the objective of developing a jam out of Dikiri kernel. Three levels of Dikiri pulp, 20%, 30% and 40%, were evaluated to prepare Dikiri based jam. Two types of jam were prepared; Jam made with Dikiri only as the fruit pulp and the jam with Dikiri pulp together with 10% pineapple. They were tested for sensory attributes and were compared with pineapple jam prepared with added commercial high methoxyl pectin. The best jam was selected for shelf life study at room temperature. Results showed that Dikiri kernel differs from ordinary coconut for all the variables tested in proximate composition analysis. Dikiri kernel contained 16.6% of high methoxyl pectin on a dry weight basis. The jam with 30% Dikiri pulp was selected as the best total pulp ratio and the incorporation of 10% pineapple pulp into Dikiri gives better sensory properties compared with Dikiri only jam. In conclusion, there is a possibility of formulation of jam without adding external pectin with considerable sensory acceptability and good keeping quality.
Effect of Vermicompost on Growth of Coconut Seedlings under Field Conditions in Sri Lanka
Authors: S.H.S. Senarathne  
Published: April 2020

Organic matter contributes in maintaining soil fertility in agriculture. Vermicompost is rich in plant nutrients and recognized as potential organic manure source for many crops. In this experiment, different amount of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers were tested. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of vermicompost on the growth of coconut seedling in the field conditions and to reduce the cost of production of coconut plantations.Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The experiment consisted of three different fertilizer treatments with vermicompost (100%) + Dolomite 500g (T1), Inorganic fertilizer (Young Palm Mixture) + Dolomite (T2) and vermicompost + Inorganic fertilizer (Young Palm Mixture) + Dolomite (T3). Growth measurements revealed A significantly higher seedling girth, leaf production rate and early highest coconut seedling flowering percentage in the vermicompost base integrated fertilizer applied treatment when compare with other two treatments. This experiment had brought out that application of vermicompost base integrated fertilizer application system is beneficial for coconut seedlings in the field for the better field establishment and vigorous seedling growth.
The Influence of Vermicomposting Technology on Solubility of Eppawala Rock Phosphate
Authors: S.H.S. Senarathne  
Published: April 2020

The application of Eppawala Rock Phosphate (ERP) could be an economic alternative to the use of imported phosphorus fertilizer for certain annual as well as perennial crops like coconut in acid soils. But, its low solubility limits direct application. For Vermicomposting technology, which is a biodegradation process of plant and animal waste materials through earthworms, has been tested for increasing the solubility of ERP. Fresh Gliricidia leaves, fresh cow dung and grasses were mixed 1:2:1 ratio as the basic composting mixture and ERP was mixed at the ratio of 10% and 20% to the composting materials. Forty numbers of earthworms were added to each of the plastic containers with the composting mixture, having five replicates per treatment.
Addition of ERP in to mixture showed no effect on the multiplication rate of earth worms. The nutrient availability of compost was measured with time and compared with the control (T1). Each treatment had the similar amount of nitrogen in the system and that indicates the addition of rock phosphate has a minimal effect or no effect on conversion or losses of available nitrogen. Addition of ERP increased the availability of phosphorus and it was significantly higher in T4 and T3 than other treatments. Available phosphorus value was significantly increased from 4% (T5 and T6) to 9 % in T3 and T4 treatments. Total potassium content decreased in all treatments compare with control. Therefore, vermicomposting can be utilized to increase the solubility of ERP while increasing the available phosphorus in the end product.
Toulouse, août-octobre 1944 : le moment Maurice Chevance-Bertin
Authors: Weiss Stéphane 
Published: April 2020

Que sait-on de l’action de Maurice Chevance, alias Bertin, dans le Sud-ouest de la France en 1944 ? Bien que l’intéressé soit un compagnon de la Libération, son activité reste peu étudiée. Elle a pourtant concerné plusieurs dizaines de milliers de combattants FFI. De plus, durant le bouillonnement de la Libération, elle s’est avérée originale, à la croisée de considérations militaires et politiques. Cet article propose de la décrire.
Le général Salan, l’armée et la guerre d’Algérie (1956-1958)
Authors: Valette Jacques 
Published: April 2020

L’histoire militaire de la guerre d’Algérie montre une réalité : la difficulté du commandement à s’adapter à un monde de conflit nouveau : la guérilla et le terrorisme. Il fallut, à ces fins, modifier les structures de l’armée et ses conceptions tactiques. Les effectifs augmentèrent de façon importante et on changea de stratégie en insistant sur le quadrillage. Salan durcit l’effort militaire, car face à la guérilla, il fallait une guerre subversive.
Un « acte de guerre » dans le ciel italien ? La France, la Libye et le crash d’Ustica (27 juin 1980)
Authors: Bagnato Bruna 
Published: April 2020

Le 27 juin 1980, à 20h59, un Douglas DC9, de la compagnie italienne ITAVIA, s’abîme en mer Tyrrhénienne près de l’île d’Ustica, au nord de la Sicile. Il n’y a aucun survivant parmi les 81 personnes à bord. Les causes de la tragédie n’ont jamais été éclaircies. La thèse de l’accident a été rapidement écartée pour faire place à d’autres thèses, notamment celle d’un tir de missiles d’un avion de chasse qui aurait abattu par erreur le DC9 en pourchassant un MIG 23 libyen qui se serait dissimulé derrière. Compte tenu des relations très complexes entre la France de Valéry Giscard d’Estaing et la Libye de Mouammar Kadhafi, la thèse d’une responsabilité française pour la catastrophe d’Ustica est avancée à plusieurs reprises. Cet article rappelle tout d’abord la politique de la France de Giscard à l’égard des pays de l’Afrique méditerranéenne puis analyse, sur la base de la documentation consultable, les réactions de Paris aux insinuations et aux soupçons d’une possible responsabilité française pour la tragédie d’Ustica dans les années 1986-1991.
Quantifier la qualité des soins. Une critique de la rationalisation de la médecine libérale française
Authors: Da Silva Nicolas 
Published: April 2020

Avec la logique de quantification de la qualité du travail médical, les patients sont invités à faire confiance aux normes chiffrées déterminées par les agences de santé indépendantes – plutôt que de se fier à la relation personnelle avec leur médecin. Si cette nouvelle régulation ressemble à une rationalisation des pratiques, nous proposons de montrer en quoi il est utile de revenir sur la méthode de production de ces normes du travail médical et de questionner l’usage politique des essais cliniques randomisés. Après avoir rappelé les justifications théoriques et empiriques de la « rationalisation », nous défendons l’idée que la politique de quantification de la qualité des soins repose sur une épistémologie de la maladie arbitraire et une épistémologie des statistiques réductrice. Or cela n’est pas sans conséquences négatives, tant pour les professionnels que pour les patients.
Social Cost of Blindness Due to AMD and Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States in 2020
Authors: Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Lanitis Tereza , Kropat Georg , Kuznik Andreas , Gibson Andrea , Feng Haidong , Prenner Jonathan 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To estimate the social cost of blindness due to wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the United States in 2020.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Excess costs that occur because of blindness were estimated as the difference in costs in blind versus non-blind individuals. Per-patient costs were aggregated using the number of cases of blindness due to wAMD, DME, and PDR projected in 2020.

RESULTS:
Associated annual excess direct costs, indirect costs, and quality-adjusted life year loss per blind individual were $4,944, $54,614, and 0.214, respectively. Combining estimates with 246,423 projected cases of blindness due to wAMD, DME, and PDR translated to total societal costs of $20 billion in 2020, estimated to triple by 2050.

CONCLUSION:
Excess social costs associated with blindness in individuals with wAMD, DME, and PDR are substantial, with more than half of the burden attributed to indirect costs.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2020;51:S6–S14.]
Development of OCIPSE Learning Model to Increase Students’ Scientific Creativity in Natural Science Learning
Authors: Rizqi  , Prabowo  , Tjandra Kirana  
Published: April 2020

This Research & Development (R & D) has the main goal to develop and produce OCIPSE learning model. The main product of this research is the OCIPSE learning model with five phases, they are 1) Orient and organize the students for study; 2) Collaborative Investigation; 3) Presentation and discussion; 4) Strengthening of scientific creativity; and 5) Evaluate and provide recognition. The OCIPSE learning model’ quality data is obtained through an expert validation process by using the OCIPSE learning model Qualification Assessment Instrument. The OCIPSE learning model quality analysis used an average validity score, single measures ICC, and Cronbach's coefficient alpha. The result of the research shows OCIPSE learning model with average content validity (3.69), construct validity (3.69), with the validity of each aspect statistically in (rα = .92) and reliability in (α = .87). The results of this study indicate that the developed OCIPSE learning model was declared qualified by experts. The research implication is that a qualified OCIPSE learning model can be used to enhance the scientific creativity of junior high school students in natural science learning.
A Review on Design of Integrated Healthcare Model through Performance Excellence Methodologies
Authors: Ramayanam Srideepti , Acharayulu G.V.R.K , Prasad V.M. 
Published: April 2020

Cost based care is evolving as a resolution to address increasing Healthcare costs, and to address the problem of clinical inefficiencies. ‘Cost based care’ therefore is designed to be patient centric. While ‘Cost based care’ helps in addressing the challenge of rising costs and making the care more affordable, it comes with its own set of challenges for providers as they are paid for better patient outcomes in an evidence based way. In the regimen of ‘Cost based care’ providers are grappling with reduced reimbursements. Providers are also required to track wide variety of measures to make the care more evidence based. Operations transformation for a healthcare systems means that it makes the processes, efficient, flexible and innovative to suit patient centric treatment models. To achieve this transformation by excluding wastes out of system, make the processes much more efficient, implementation of digital systems across the value chain of the hospital have become the area of focus. Shared Services alteration is a subclass of administrational transformation. It is has a lot of potential to smoke out costs, making operational processes much more efficient by rationalizing functions, like Human Resources, Pathology, Radiology, IT and Supply chain services at Hospitals. Administrational transformation aims to flush out costs, bring transformation in revenue cycle, and focus on Patient centric treatment modules. By implementing data visualization dashboards across the services would enable transparency and trust for patients.