bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): Finding the win–wins for energy, negative emissions and ecosystem services—size matters
Authors: Donnison Caspar , Holland Robert A. , Hastings Astley , Armstrong Lindsay‐Marie , Eigenbrod Felix , Taylor Gail 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) features heavily in the energy scenarios designed to meet the Paris Agreement targets, but the models used to generate these scenarios do not address environmental and social implications of BECCS at the regional scale. We integrate ecosystem service values into a land‐use optimization tool to determine the favourability of six potential UK locations for a 500 MW BECCS power plant operating on local biomass resources. Annually, each BECCS plant requires 2.33 Mt of biomass and generates 2.99 Mt CO2of negative emissions and 3.72 TWh of electricity. We make three important discoveries: (a) the impacts of BECCS on ecosystem services are spatially discrete, with the most favourable locations for UK BECCS identified at Drax and Easington, where net annual welfare values (from the basket of ecosystems services quantified) of £39 and £25 million were generated, respectively, with notably lower annual welfare values at Barrow (−£6 million) and Thames (£2 million); (b) larger BECCS deployment beyond 500 MW reduces net social welfare values, with a 1 GW BECCS plant at Drax generating a net annual welfare value of £19 million (a 50% decline compared with the 500 MW deployment), and a welfare loss at all other sites; (c) BECCS can be deployed to generate net welfare gains, but trade‐offs and co‐benefits between ecosystem services are highly site and context specific, and these landscape‐scale, site‐specific impacts should be central to future BECCS policy developments. For the United Kingdom, meeting the Paris Agreement targets through reliance on BECCS requires over 1 GW at each of the six locations considered here and is likely, therefore, to result in a significant welfare loss. This implies that an increased number of smaller BECCS deployments will be needed to ensure a win–win for energy, negative emissions and ecosystem services.
An alternate level of care plan: Co‐designing components of an intervention with patients, caregivers and providers to address delayed hospital discharge challenges
Authors: Kuluski Kerry , Ho Julia W , Cadel Lauren , Shearkhani Sara , Levy Charissa , Marcinow Michelle , Peckham Allie , Sandercock Jane , Willison Donald J , Guilcher Sara JT 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo engage with patients, caregivers and care providers to co‐design components of an intervention that aims to improve delayed hospital discharge experiences.DesignThis is a qualitative study, which entailed working groups and co‐design sessions utilizing World Café and deliberative dialogue techniques to continually refine the intervention.Setting and ParticipantsOur team engaged with 61 participants (patients, caregivers and care providers) in urban and rural communities across Ontario, Canada. A 7‐member Patient and Caregiver Advisory Council participated in all stages of the research.ResultsKey challenges experienced during a delayed discharge by patients, caregivers and care providers were poor communication and a lack of care services. Participants recommended a communication guide to support on‐going conversation between care providers, patients and caregivers. The guide included key topics to cover and questions to ask during initial and on‐going conversations to manage expectations and better understand the priorities and goals of patients and caregivers. Service recommendations included getting out of bed and dressed each day, addressing the psycho‐social needs of patients through tailored activities and having a storyboard at the bedside to facilitate on‐going engagement.Discussion and ConclusionsOur findings outline ways to meaningfully engage patients and caregivers during a delayed hospital discharge. Combining this with a minimal basket of services can potentially facilitate a better care experience and outcomes for patients, their care providers and families.
Influence of access cavity design and use of operating microscope and ultrasonic troughing to detect middle mesial canals in extracted mandibular first molars
Authors: Mendes E. B. , Soares A. J. , Martins J. N. R. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Frozoni M. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of various endodontic access cavity designs and the use of an operating microscope (OM) with or without ultrasonic troughing to detect middle mesial canals (MMCs) in extracted mandibular first molars.MethodologySixty extracted mandibular first molars were evaluated by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in order to detect the presence of MMCs and then divided into two groups (n = 30) with an equal proportion of 1 molar with MMC for each 3 molars. A specific access cavity design was performed for each group, either a conservative access cavity (CAC) or a traditional access cavity (TAC). Root canals were detected in three assessment stages: (i) no magnification, (ii) using an OM and (iii) using an OM together with ultrasonic troughing. Evaluations were performed on a mannequin head in an ergonomic working position. The confidence obtained in the assessment stages was portrayed by sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, calculated by the area under the ROC curve. The difference in the proportion of correct diagnoses in identifying the MMC using either CAC or TAC preparation, at each of the three stages, was checked using Cochran's Q tests. Binomial tests were performed at each stage to investigate whether there was a difference between the types of endodontic access designs to detect MMCs. Significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsAccuracy increased at each assessment stage. At the third stage, both groups provided perfect accuracy (1.00). Cochran's Q tests indicated that the confidence of MMC detection for both TAC and CAC groups (P < 0.05) increased significantly at each stage. Binomial tests demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the TAC and CAC groups, when evaluation was performed without magnification (P > 0.05), with OM (P > 0.05), or with OM associated with ultrasonic troughing (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe access cavity design did not significantly affect detection of middle mesial canals in extracted mandibular first molars placed in a mannequin. However, the use of OM increased the accuracy of the MMC identification, especially when associated with ultrasonic troughing.
MTT versus other cell viability assays to evaluate the biocompatibility of root canal filling materials: a systematic review
Authors: Pintor A. V. B. , Queiroz L. D. , Barcelos R. , Primo L. S. G. , Maia L. C. , Alves G. G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to compare the cytotoxicity of root canal filling materials (RCFMs) assessed using tetrazolium salt‐based tests (TSBT), including the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, with those obtained using other cell viability assays.MethodsA search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and OpenGrey up to March 2019, followed by a manual search. According to the Participants, Exposure, Comparator and Outcomes (PECO) criteria, in vitro studies that evaluated the cytotoxic effect of RCFMss on animal and/or human cells through TSBT and at least one other viability assay were compared. The methodological quality of selected papers was assessed using ToxRTool® and SciRAP®. Data were analysed using Wilcoxon’s signed‐rank test for paired samples and linear weighting kappa.ResultsA total of 230 non‐duplicated records were identified. After applying the eligibility criteria, 55 studies were selected for methodological evaluation, seven were selected by manual searching, 22 were excluded for methodological reasons, and 40 were included. A total of 410 comparisons were performed between TSBT and distinct cell viability tests (DCVT). MTT had moderate concordance with DCVT using human cells (n = 138 samples) (P = 0.507; k = 0.4225) and animal cells (n = 122 samples) (P = 0.124; k = 0.5775). XTT had good concordance using human (n = 110 samples) (P = 0.507; k = 0.6336) and animal cells (n = 12 samples) (P = 0.564; k = 0.6604). MTT, XTT, WST and MTS assays showed moderate concordance with DCVT (n = 410 samples) (P = 0.375; k = 0.5138) and complete agreement in 226 samples.DiscussionThe included studies had methodological heterogeneity that was minimized by the systematic review methodology.ConclusionsMTT and XTT do not cause over‐ or underestimation of cell viability during cytotoxicity screening of root canal filling materials, implying that these assays can be considered reliable for this purpose. Nonetheless, the development of protocols for the cytotoxic screening of these materials on 3D tissue‐like cultures aiming to improve their predictability in the clinical scenario is suggested.
Health professional perspectives of expanded practice in rural community pharmacy in Australia
Authors: Taylor Selina , Cairns Alice , Glass Beverley 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Expanded pharmacy service delivery for rural and remote Australia has potential to address the rural health disparity. Pharmacists practising to their full scope are recognised as being most beneficial in rural and regional communities, where access to health professionals (HPs) is not comparable to those in metropolitan areas. However, research on HP perspectives on expanded pharmacy practice is limited. This study aims to determine rural and remote HP (doctors, nurses, allied health and other HPs) perspectives of expanded services to be delivered through community pharmacy.

Methods
Australian rural and remote HPs participated in a questionnaire survey which explored views on expanded pharmacy services in their local communities. Potential expanded pharmacy services were provided, and participants were asked to indicate what expanded pharmacy would benefit their local community and their level of support for the services. Analysis of the data included frequency analyses and one-way ANOVA tests with post hoc Tukey’s HSD tests using IBM SPSS Statistic 25.

Results
Health professionals (N = 121) from rural and remote locations participated. Sexually transmitted disease testing, vaccinations, diabetes and asthma management were the most frequently chosen services that HPs agreed would improve the health of people in their community. Doctors chose the least number of services (mean = 1 services) compared with all other HPs (mean =&gt; 5 services). Sixty-eight per cent of participants agreed/strongly agreed that providing these additional services would improve health, with participants (73%) agreeing/strongly agreeing that they would support the implementation of these additional services, not otherwise available in their community. Comparing professional groups, doctors were only half as supportive of expanded pharmacy services, when compared with all other HPs.

Conclusion
This study confirms the importance of a collaborative, local model to deliver expanded pharmacy services for rural communities. Health professionals were found to largely support expanding pharmacy practice, agreeing about the improved access to health care that would be provided for people living in rural and remote Australia.
Maternal Common Mental Disorders symptoms influence associated with early childhood dental caries: A cross‐sectional study in a southern Brazilian city
Authors: Andreola Beber Gomes Márcia , Polina Pereira da Costa Vanessa , Leão Goettems Marília , Sousa Azevedo Marina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal mental problems can interfere with the overall health and care of the child; some oral health studies have been trying to elucidate whether there is a relationship between maternal common mental disorders (CMD) and children's oral health status.AimThe aim was to investigate the influence of mothers that present CMD symptoms on their child's dental caries status.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was carried out in Pelotas with 530 mother/child (aged 2‐5 years old) dyads recruited from an epidemiological survey in August 2015 during the national vaccination campaign. A questionnaire was used to determine mother's CMD symptoms using the Self‐Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ‐20) and socioeconomic/demographic variables which were used for adjustment. Dental caries examination was performed. The outcome was obtained using the dmfs (decayed, missing, filled surfaces) index, based on OMS guidelines. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate the risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsMaternal CMD was positively associated with dental caries prevalence in children; the adjusted relative risk for every 1 SRQ‐20 score increase was 1.06 (95% CI 1.00‐1.12).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that maternal mental health can impair children's oral health in relation to dental caries.
What factors are associated with early childhood dental caries? A longitudinal study of the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort
Authors: Thornley Simon , Bach Katie , Bird Amy , Farrar Rachel , Bronte Sarah , Turton Bathsheba , Atatoa Carr Polly , Fa’alili‐Fidow Jacinta , Morton Susan , Grant Cameron 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relative importance of different strategies to prevent dental caries is not known.AimWe explored the relationship between oral health behaviours, diet, and the incidence of dental caries.DesignWe conducted a study of children participating in the ‘Growing Up in New Zealand’ cohort. Exposures were oral health behaviours, a food frequency questionnaire, and sociodemographic characteristics that were recorded when the child was nine months and two years old. Outcomes were records of dental caries at ages four to seven years.Results4111 children had dental examination records from between the ages of four and seven years. High levels of dental caries were reported in children of Pacific, Asian, and Māori ethnicity. Food frequency questionnaire information was summarised into two principal components. The major axis of variation was in the intake of food and drinks with high concentrations of sugar and refined starch, with this component strongly associated with caries (multivariable incidence rate ratio of caries 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.38‐0.61, comparing the extreme quintiles of the first principal component).ConclusionsA diet high in sugar or refined starch was strongly linked to caries. Policies to reduce sugar and refined starch intake should be considered.
Comparison of sTREM‐1 and associated periodontal and bacterial factors before/after periodontal therapy, and impact of psychosocial factors
Authors: Dubar Marie , Frippiat Jean‐Pol , Remen Thomas , Boufenzer Amir , Alauzet Corentine , Baumann Cedric , Gibot Sebastien , Bisson Catherine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThe immune receptor triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell‐1 (TREM‐1) is responsible for an amplification of the immuno‐inflammatory response in inflammatory diseases. Its role in the aetiopathogenesis of periodontitis is underexplored. The aim of this case–control and before–after study was to determine the evolution of soluble form of TREM‐1 (sTREM‐1) concentrations after scaling and root planing (SRP), and its prognostic value and evaluate associated microbial, periodontal and psychosocial factors.MethodsGingival crevicular fluid was collected in two pathological sites (periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 5 mm) and one healthy site (PPD ≤ 3 mm) from thirty periodontitis patients (before/after SRP), and in one healthy site from thirty controls (patients without periodontal disease). Each patient filled‐in stress/anxiety self‐assessment questionnaires and provided a saliva sample. Diseased patients were followed for a total of 13–15 weeks in initial periodontal treatment. sTREM‐1 and salivary cortisol levels were determined by ELISA and periodontopathogens by PCR.ResultsBefore SRP, higher crevicular sTREM‐1 levels were positively associated with some increased clinical parameters (Plaque Index, tooth mobility, bleeding on probing, p < .05) and inversely with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans abundance (p = .03). No correlation with psychological factors nor cortisol was found with salivary sTREM‐1 concentrations. After SRP, crevicular sTREM‐1 levels decreased (p < .001) and were not linked to a PPD decrease but remained higher in pathological than in healthy sites (p < .001). Higher concentrations were also found out in unimproved sites (no change or increase in PPD) compared to improved ones (p = .02). Higher sTREM‐1 levels were associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Campylobacter rectus in pathological sites after SRP (p < .05).ConclusionCrevicular sTREM‐1 level decreased after SRP but did not appear to be a site outcome predictive factor of periodontal healing and remained an inflammatory parameter.
Modeling and optimization of cooking process parameters to improve the nutritional profile of fried fish by robust hybrid artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Sadhu Tithli , Banerjee Indrani , Lahiri Sandip Kumar , Chakrabarty Jitamanyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFish, being a good source of nutrients, is often cooked by different methods before consumption, which affect the beneficial quality detrimentally. In this study, Catla catla, and mustard oil are selected as representative of fish and cooking oil for frying, respectively, because of their agricultural importance and worldwide demand. Extensive experiments are performed varying the effective processing variables of conventional frying viz., temperature (140 °C‐240 °C), time (5 min–20 min) and oil amount (25 ml/kg of fish‐100 ml/kg of fish) to correlate the drastic reduction of the nutritional quality indices, that is, ω‐3/ω‐6 and cis/trans‐fatty acids (FAs) profiles of fish after frying. To establish a nonlinear correlation between these inputs and outputs, an exhaustive search of all available artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms and activation functions is executed for the development of a model. The hybrid robust process approach integrating ANN with differential evolution (DE) and simulated annealing (SA) are employed to optimize the cooking parameters for regaining nutritional impact. After frying ω‐3/ω‐6 and cis/trans‐FAs ratio deteriorated by 76.65% and 92.68%, respectively, than the fresh samples. The ANN‐DE and ANN‐SA formalism efficiently enhanced these nutritional parameters up to 33.18% and 79%, respectively.Practical applicationsThe present study applied artificial neural network (ANN) as an advanced alternative modeling tool to propose a generalized nonlinear correlation between temperature, time, oil amount, and nutritional values, that is, ω‐3/ω‐6 and cis/trans‐fatty acids (FAs) profiles of fried fish. Frying time provided a strong impact on food nutrition compared to other two input variables. Frying process detrimentally affected both the nutritional indices, that is, ω‐3/ω‐6 and cis/trans‐FAs profiles. The meta‐heuristic, stochastic optimization algorithms, namely differential evolution and simulated annealing along with ANN‐based processed model were implemented successfully to tune the cooking parameters, so that food quality indices of fish improved again to maximum value. The artificial intelligence modeling, along with optimizing methodology based parameters tuning approach described here is generic and can be advantageously extended to other experimentation of food process engineering. Besides, the finding of this study will benefit common people also.
Family Caregiving at the End of Life and Hospice Use: A National Study of Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Kumar Vedika , Ankuda Claire K. , Aldridge Melissa D. , Husain Mohammed , Ornstein Katherine A. 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESHospice care confers well‐documented benefits to patients and their families, but it is underutilized. One potential reason is inadequate family support to make end‐of‐life decisions and care for older adults on hospice at home. We assessed the association between amount of family support and hospice use among a population of decedents and among specific illness types.DESIGNProspective cohort study using the National Health and Aging Trends Study waves 2011 to 2017, linked to Medicare claims data.SETTINGContiguous United States.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1,868 NHATS decedents.MEASUREMENTSOutcome variable was 1 day or longer of hospice. Family caregiving intensity was measured by self‐reported hours of care per week and number of caregivers. Covariates included probable dementia status and other demographic, clinical, and functional characteristics.RESULTSAt the end of life, hours of family caregiving and numbers of helpers vary widely with individuals with dementia receiving the most hours of unpaid care (mean = 64.5 hours per week) and having 2.4 unpaid caregivers on average. In an adjusted analysis, older adults with cancer receiving 40 hours and more of unpaid care/week as compared with fewer than 6 hours per week were twice as likely to receive hospice care at the end of life (odds ratio = 2.0; 95% confidence interval = 1.0–4.1). This association was not seen among those with dementia or among decedents in general. No significant association was found between number of caregivers and hospice use at the end of life.CONCLUSIONOlder adults at the end of life receive a high number of hours of help at the end of life, many from more than one caregiver, which may shape hospice access. Better understanding of disparities in hospice use can facilitate timely access to care for older adults with a serious illness. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2288–2296, 2020.
Do good things come in pairs? How personality traits help explain individuals' simultaneous pursuit of a healthy lifestyle and financially responsible behavior
Authors: Hoffmann Arvid O. I. , Risse Leonora 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoth a healthy lifestyle and financially responsible behavior contribute to individual wellbeing and benefit society. Motivated by the fact that both types of behavior involve short‐term sacrifices in exchange for uncertain long‐term benefits and require self‐control, we examine individuals' consistency in behavior across the health and financial domains. Using a large‐scale data set of 3,752 employed Australians, we find that the majority of individuals behave in a consistently beneficial or detrimental way across both domains. This behavioral consistency relates to fundamental life outcomes, including physical and mental health, financial prosperity, and life satisfaction. In a new contribution to the literature, we show how personality traits—Locus of Control, the Big Five, Achievement Motivation—have a meaningful role in explaining the simultaneous pursuit of a healthy lifestyle and financially responsible behavior. These behavioral insights can guide policymakers in developing more effective strategies to steer individuals towards beneficial health and financial outcomes.