bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aortic valve replacement with annular patch enlargement for a patient with Werner’s syndrome and severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Handa Kazuma , Fukui Shinya , Shirakawa Yukitoshi , Sakamoto Tomohiko , Kitahara Mutsunori , Kakizawa Yumi , Nishi Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Werner’s syndrome is an autosomal recessive rare genetic disorder characterized by clinical features suggestive of accelerated aging caused by mutation of the WRN gene. Although some reports exist of aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis in patients with Werner’s syndrome, case using annular patch enlargement for a small aortic annulus are rare. We report herein the rare case of a patient with Werner’s syndrome and severe aortic stenosis treated by aortic valve replacement with annular patch enlargement.

Case presentation
A 55-year-old woman genetically diagnosed with Werner’s syndrome suffered from symptomatic severe aortic stenosis with small annulus. Elective aortic valve replacement was performed. Intraoperatively the aortic annulus measured < 16 mm in diameter. Nicks technique for aortic root enlargement using a Hemashield patch was performed and an 18-mm mechanical valve was successfully inserted. After being discharged home her postoperative course was satisfactory for 2 years.

Conclusions
Aortic valve replacement with annular patch enlargement to treat a small aortic annulus in a patient with Werner’s syndrome was successful. Treatment strategy must be determined while considering of the patient’s age, physical status, and severity of complications.
Very long chain fatty acids are an important marker of nutritional status in patients with anorexia nervosa: a case control study
Authors: Shimizu Miki , Kawai Keisuke , Yamashita Makoto , Shoji Masayasu , Takakura Shu , Hata Tomokazu , Nakashima Megumi , Tatsushima Keita , Tanaka Kazunari , Sudo Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a disease resulting in extreme weight loss. It is caused by multiple factors, including psychosocial, environmental, and genetic factors. A genetic abnormality affecting lipid metabolism has been recently reported in patients with AN. However, it is unknown whether lipid metabolism abnormalities in AN are caused by eating behavior, undernutrition, and/or genetic factors. The meaning of lipid metabolism in AN remains unclear. In particular, differences in the profiles of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in patients with various types of AN have not been studied. This study aimed to determine changes to the fatty acid profile over a 3-month period, specifically that of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and VLCFAs in patients with various types of AN.MethodsWe evaluated 69 female patients with AN, subclassified as AN-restricting type (AN-R) and AN-Binge-Eating/Purging type (AN-BP). On admission and after 3 months of treatment, height, weight, body mass index, plasma and serum parameters, and plasma fatty acid concentrations were measured in all patients. The control group included 25 healthy, age-matched women. Comparisons between the groups were made using one-way ANOVA, while those between the various parameters at admission and after 3 months within each group were made using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsOn admission, the AN-R and the AN-BP groups had significantly higher levels of 18-24C and > 14C fatty acids (LCFAs and VLCFAs, respectively) than the control group. After 3 months of treatment, both groups showed high levels of 14-24C fatty acids. The levels of VLCFAs (C22:0 and C24:0) and LCFA (C18:3) after 3 months of treatment remained high in both AN groups relative to the control group.ConclusionsEating behaviors appear to be associated with levels of LCFAs. Lipid metabolism abnormalities under conditions of starvation in AN might have a genetic basis and appear to be associated with VLCFA (C22:0 and C24:0) and LCFA (C18:3) levels.
Adipose stem cells from type 2 diabetic mice exhibit therapeutic potential in wound healing
Authors: Sun Yongfa , Song Lili , Zhang Yong , Wang Hongjun , Dong Xiao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Diabetic patients suffer from impaired wound healing. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy represents a promising approach toward improving skin wound healing through the release of soluble growth factors and cytokines that stimulate new vessel formation and modulate inflammation. Whether adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs) from type 2 diabetes (T2D) donors are suitable for skin damage repair remains largely unknown.

Methods
In this study, we compared the phenotype and functionality of ASCs harvested from high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D or control mice, and assessed their abilities to promote wound healing in an excisional wound splinting mouse model with T2D.

Results
T2D ASCs expressed similar cellular markers as control ASCs but secreted less hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). T2D ASCs were somewhat less effective in promoting healing of the wound, as manifested by slightly reduced re-epithelialization, cutaneous appendage regeneration, and collagen III deposition in wound tissues. In vitro, T2D ASCs promoted proliferation and migration of skin fibroblasts to a comparable extent as control ASCs via suppression of inflammation and macrophage infiltration.

Conclusions
From these findings, we conclude that, although ASCs from T2D mice are marginally inferior to control ASCs, they possess comparable therapeutic effects in wound healing.
Review of “Pastures of Change: Contemporary adaptations and transformations among nomadic pastoralists of Eastern Tibet” by Gillian G. Tan
Authors: Woodhouse Emily 
Published: July 2020

Book detailsTan, G.G.Pastures of Change: Contemporary Adaptations and Transformations among Nomadic Pastoralists of Eastern TibetCham: Springer; 2018.200 pages978-3-319-76552-5
Research on music creation and audition based on wireless environment
Authors: Wang Lingzi , Pan Mingxia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTraditional computer music creation is carried out through computer simulation of fixed conversion of syllables. However, there are phenomena of syllables and pitch distortions in music creation that changes rapidly in rhythm. In response to this problem, a method of music creation and sound test based on genetic algorithm and wireless network is proposed. First, the genetic algorithm is introduced to construct a general mathematical module for music creation, and genetic operators for encoding string length and group size are assigned to establish a similarity measure for computer music creation. Then, the mean cluster analysis of music creation realizes the creation of computer music. Finally, based on the wireless network technology, the sound test effect analysis of music creation was carried out. Experimental results show that the proposed method of music creation and sound test is superior to the traditional method, the accuracy of syllables is increased by 25.97%, and the accuracy of tones is increased by 34.12%. This technology can realize high-pitched music creation and audition research.
TheLex Mercatoria Maritima
Authors: Khalilieh Hassan S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis essay demonstrates how maritime qirad, as conducted in the Muslim world prior to the emergence of the Italian communes, influenced the lex mercatoria maritima. It contends that the medieval Latin accomendatio (commenda) likely owes its inception to the qirad/mudaraba institution, already prevalent in pre-Islamic Arabia, contrary to the commonly believed theory that it is rooted to the Byzantine chreokoinonia, comprised by article III:17 of the Nomos Rhodion Nautikos. On the eve of the European Commercial Revolution, through trade between the Christian north and the Islamic south, qirad practices and techniques were further developed from the pre-Islamic period and incorporated into Islamic legal digests, as well as transformed by non-Muslim merchants' guilds and societies. Legal principles and practices governing maritime qirad appear to have been uniform and universally accepted by jurists across the Islamic Mediterranean and beyond, as evinced by the early tenth-century CE treatise Kitab Akriyat al-Sufun, as well as earlier jurisprudential queries.
Syndrom efektu Lucyfera w polityce międzykulturowej – wnioski dla Europy
Authors: Milczanowski Maciej 
Published: July 2020

Lucifer Effect Syndrome in the Intercultural Politics – Conclusions for Europe
Lucifer Effect is a process which progress gradually, slowly usually in mostly imperceptible way. That makes it especially dangerous because the society has just a little ability to identify its symptoms and phases. That is why, even if academics verify their concepts empirically it is always a crucial problem to warn the society of destructive conflict approaching. The paradox of conflict is that it is the fundamental for democracy (different opinions, minority rights etc.) and at the same time can be disastrous for this system and people living in. That paradox makes the “events horizon” very hard to determine and be aware of it. When society pass it, it can be too late to reconstruct the stability and security in short term, and even worst disasters happen. The aim of this text is to present the Lucifer Effect as the example realizing to the society the threats arising from the negative intercultural conflicts.
Stan polskiej demokracji lokalnej w świetle standardów Rady Europy i mechanizmu kontroli przestrzegania Europejskiej Konwencji Samorządu Terytorialnego – aspekty polityczne
Authors: Natanek Mirosław 
Published: July 2020

The Condition of Local Democracy in Poland in Light of the Council of Europe’s Standards and the European Charter of Local Self-Government Compliance Monitoring Mechanism. A Political Dimension
In the article, I will discuss a model and a mechanism of the Council of Europe member states’ compliance with the European Charter of Local Self- Government, which was developed by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe (CLRA). A case study analysis will be based upon investigation of three monitoring procedures launched on Poland so far. The main aim of my analysis is to examine a changing condition of local democracy in Poland as evidenced in periodical assessments carried out by CLRA’s Monitoring Committee. The conclusions resulting from both audit reports and recommendations of relevant Council of Europe bodies addressed to subsequent governments of the Republic of Poland will be assessed.
Ochrona praw konsumenta w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej w latach 1952‑1989
Authors: Malczyńska‑Biały Mira 
Published: July 2020

The Protection of Consumer Rights in the Polish People’s Republic in 1952‑1989
The article, based on the analysis of legal acts and literature on the subject, aims to present the protection of consumer rights in a communist state on the example of the Polish People’s Republic. Selected legal regulations in force in 1952‑1989, whose subjects were consumers, were discussed. The article indicates the dangers faced by consumers shopping in the then Polish state. Attention was also paid to the rights of consumers (including warranty) as well as the real threats to their rights resulting from the properties of the centrally planned economy. The last part of the article fulfills the role of conclusion. It contains considerations on the actual safety of consumers who, in the absence of availability of consumer goods, purchased products and services at inflated prices and of reduced quality.
Private production of a public good in the information age
Authors: Zweifel Peter , XU Xian 
Published: July 2020

The objective of this contribution is to model the behaviour of IT specialists who engage in open source activity while on the job thus privately provide a public good.
Both the regular and the social types are assumed to be interested in income and leisure; however, for the social types effective leisure is enhanced by the number of external users, which enhances their intrinsic motivation because the ‘good deed’ can be made known to millions worldwide.
The core finding is that contrary to the regular ones, social type may defy the threat of the employer (higher probability of detection, size of the sanction if detected) by engaging in more rather than less open source work, provided the number of external user is high enough.

This finding suggests that the information age may facilitate the private production of a public good.

The originality of this contribution lies in the prediction that certain type of workers may act against contractual incentives – a rare event in economics.
Employment–Growth Nexus in Uganda
Authors: TURYAREEBA DICKSON 
Published: July 2020

Purpose–The purpose of the study is to examine the link between economic growth and employment growth in Uganda.
Methodology–The study adopts the causal relationship research design. Times series quarterly data for the period 2001-2018 are used to study the underlying relationship. Descriptive statistics are generated to describe data behavior and econometric models are developed to estimate short run and long run national employment intensities of economic growth. A single-equation based Engel-Granger two-step Error Correction Mechanism is used to estimate the coefficients of the empirical model.
Findings– Estimates reveal that whereas employment growth and economic growth show no causal link in the short run, the two variables show a positive and statistically significant causal link in the long run. The long run employment intensity of economic growth is however less than unity, suggesting that Uganda’s long run economic growth is not employment intensive.
Originality/value-The study results provide empirical evidence on the role of economic growth on employment creation in Uganda while unveiling evidence of jobless growth.
Practical implications- Results suggest that adopting pro-poor and growth inclusive interventions may be prudent for job creation for the Ugandan labour force.
Application of a grey-box modelling approach for the online monitoring of batch production in the chemical industry
Authors: Bouaswaig Ala E. F. , Rahimi-Adli Keivan , Roth Matthias , Hosseini Alireza , Vale Hugo , Engell Sebastian , Birk Joachim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Model-based solutions for monitoring and control of chemical batch processes have been of interest in research for many decades. However, unlike in continuous processes, in which model-based tools such as Model Predictive Control (MPC) have become a standard in the industry, the reported use of models for batch processes, either for monitoring or control, is rather scarce. This limited use is attributed partly to the inherent complexity of the batch processes (e. g., dynamic, nonlinear, multipurpose) and partly to the lack of appropriate commercial tools in the past. In recent years, algorithms and commercial tools for model-based monitoring and control of batch processes have become more mature and in the era of Industry 4.0 and digitalization they are slowly but steadily gaining more interest in real-word batch applications. This contribution provides a practical example in this application field. Specifically, the use of a grey-box modeling approach, in which a multiway Projection to Latent Structure (PLS) model is combined with a first-principles model, to monitor the evolution of a batch polymerization process and predict in real-time the final batch quality is reported. The modeling approach is described, and the experimental results obtained from an industrial batch laboratory reactor are presented.
Dissipativer Backstepping-basierter Beobachterentwurf für semilineare Diffusions-Reaktionssysteme
Authors: Schaum Alexander , Meurer Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Für gekoppelte semilineare Diffusions-Reaktionssysteme wird die Kombination der Backstepping-Methodik mit Dissipativitätskonzepten im Rahmen des Beobachterentwurfs vorgestellt. Dazu werden hinreichende Bedingungen für die Konvergenz des Beobachters unter Zuhilfenahme des intrinsischen Zusammenhangs zwischen Dissipativität und Lyapunovs direkter Methode hergeleitet. Numerische Simulationen für ein Beispiel nichtlinear gekoppelter, instabiler Diffusions-Reakti-onsgleichungen bestätigen die exponentielle Konvergenz der vorgestellten Verallgemeinerung des Backstepping-Konzepts für verteilt-parametrische Systeme.
Trends and constraints in the production and utilization of cowpea leaves in the arid and semi-arid lands of Kenya
Authors: Owade Joshua Ombaka , Abong’ George Ooko , Okoth Michael Wandayi , Mwang’ombe Agnes Wakesho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) leaves are nutritious indigenous vegetables that are produced and consumed among local communities in Kenya. However, seasonal production limits their utilization. The study investigated the changing trends in the consumption and utilization of cowpea leaves among cowpea producing households in arid and semi-arid land (ASAL) areas. A cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households producing and consuming cowpea leaves was carried out in Eastern and Coastal ASALs of Kenya to determine the trends and constraints in the production and utilization of the vegetable, thus evaluating its efficiency as a food security crop. The average household production in a season was found to be 3.03 ± 0.9 of 90 kg bags. Lesser severity of the constraints, poor soils, drought, lack of access to seeds and massive spoilage with an odds ratio of 0.4, 0.9, 2.0 and 2.3, respectively, significantly (p < 0.05) predicted the production quantities among households, R
2 = 0.21. The study also found that the reliance on own production among households for sourcing the leaves in-season and off-season was 97.5% and 24.9%, respectively. The households consumed the leaves in boiled (87.5%), sundried (27.5%) or blanched (13.6%) forms. Households in the coastal ASALs significantly (p < 0.05) consumed more of dried forms (odds ratio: 3.3) but less of boiled ones (odds ratio: 0.1) than those in the Eastern parts. Households that had more members or a female deciding the food to be bought had significantly (p < 0.05) higher frequency of consumption of cowpea leaves. Marketing challenges, lack of access to inputs and inadequate postharvest technologies for preservation of the vegetables constrained the production and utilization of cowpea leaves. In order to promote the availability and utilization of cowpea leaves both in and out of season, accessibility of good quality seeds and postharvest management are necessary.
A new method to predict anomaly in brain network based on graph deep learning
Authors: Mirakhorli Jalal , Amindavar Hamidreza , Mirakhorli Mojgan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging a neuroimaging technique which is used in brain disorders and dysfunction studies, has been improved in recent years by mapping the topology of the brain connections, named connectopic mapping. Based on the fact that healthy and unhealthy brain regions and functions differ slightly, studying the complex topology of the functional and structural networks in the human brain is too complicated considering the growth of evaluation measures. One of the applications of irregular graph deep learning is to analyze the human cognitive functions related to the gene expression and related distributed spatial patterns. Since a variety of brain solutions can be dynamically held in the neuronal networks of the brain with different activity patterns and functional connectivity, both node-centric and graph-centric tasks are involved in this application. In this study, we used an individual generative model and high order graph analysis for the region of interest recognition areas of the brain with abnormal connection during performing certain tasks and resting-state or decompose irregular observations. Accordingly, a high order framework of Variational Graph Autoencoder with a Gaussian distributer was proposed in the paper to analyze the functional data in brain imaging studies in which Generative Adversarial Network is employed for optimizing the latent space in the process of learning strong non-rigid graphs among large scale data. Furthermore, the possible modes of correlations were distinguished in abnormal brain connections. Our goal was to find the degree of correlation between the affected regions and their simultaneous occurrence over time. We can take advantage of this to diagnose brain diseases or show the ability of the nervous system to modify brain topology at all angles and brain plasticity according to input stimuli. In this study, we particularly focused on Alzheimer’s disease.
CONFLICTOS SOCIALES EN EL CAMPO COSTARRICENSE: UNA MIRADA DESDE LA PROTESTA SOCIAL (2014-2018)
Authors: Alvarado Alcázar Alejandro , Martínez Sánchez Gloriana , Fernández Vásquez Daniel 
Published: July 2020

En el presente artículo se propone estudiar la dinámica de la conflictualidad sociopolítica en el campo costarricense durante el período 2014-2018. Para esto se utilizan los datos recolectados por la base de datos de acciones colectivas protestas y se concluye que durante el período de estudio, este tipo de conflictualidad se ha articulado alrededor de cuatro ejes: 1) la producción agropecuaria y pesquera; 2) la relación capital-trabajo; 3) el medio ambiente y los recursos naturales; y 4) la tierra-territorio.
Uso de anclajes FRP en vigas de concreto armado reforzados externamente con bandas CFRP sometidas a cargas cíclicas
Authors: Bazán Jorge L. , Fernández-Dávila Víctor I , Samaniego Juan 
Published: July 2020

En Perú existe una demanda creciente de mejorar, ampliar o remodelar la infraestructura existente, que generalmente ha sido diseñada con estándares estructurales menos exigentes que los actuales. Es por esta razón que se utilizan diversas técnicas entre las que se destaca el reforzamiento mediante sistemas FRP (fiber reinforced polymer).
Entre las aplicaciones predominantes de este sistema se tiene el refuerzo a flexión de elementos de concreto armado (CA) tales como muros, losas y en especial las vigas. Durante la aplicación del FRP se pueden presentar diversas interferencias o limitaciones constructivas, lo que ha dado lugar al planteamiento de soluciones prácticas y modernas como el uso de sistemas de bandas de FRP, platinas y barras de FRP, sistemas FRP del tipo NSM, y el uso de anclajes de FRP. Estos procedimientos están contemplados en la guía ACI 440.2R (ACI, 2017), utilizada para la construcción y el diseño de refuerzo externo con FRP.
El presente artículo muestra los resultados sobre la experiencia en laboratorio de cuatro vigas de CA, considerando que solamente tres fueron externamente reforzadas a flexión, además incluye el uso de anclajes hechos de FRP, para desarrollar el comportamiento a tracción de la banda FRP de refuerzo externo.
Los especímenes se sometieron a cargas cíclicas mediante un ensayo cuasi-estático. Los resultados indican que estos elementos, reforzados con bandas y anclajes FRP, poseen una capacidad de resistencia superior a la capacidad nominal a flexión. Además, el comportamiento exhibido durante el ensayo fue estable y sin anomalías inesperadas que se hayan observado.