bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social movements, reframing investment relations, and enhancing the application of human rights norms in international investment law
Authors: Hirsch Moshe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe recent moderate trend to increasingly apply human rights law in investment awards is accompanied by certain new investment treaties which include expressed human rights provisions. An analysis of recent investment awards indicates that though there are some ‘winds of change’ in this field, it is equally noticeable that human rights law is far from being mainstreamed in international investment law. Investment arbitration procedural law is also undergoing a process of change, and the new procedural rules tend to enhance public elements in the investment arbitral system. This study is aimed at explaining these recent legal changes, highlighting the role of social movements in reframing investment relations as well as increasing public pressure to apply human rights law. These framing changes concern broadening the frame of investment arbitration (beyond the foreign investor–host state dyad), reversing the perceived balance of power between investors and host states, and zooming-in on local individuals and communities residing in host states. The discussion on factors impeding legal change in this field emphasizes the role of the private legal culture prevalent in the investment arbitration system, which is reflected and reinforced by certain resilient socio-legal frames. Informed by this analysis, the study suggests some legal mechanisms which can mitigate the inter-partes frame, and increase the application of human rights law in investment arbitration; inter alia, rigorous transparency rules that are likely to facilitate increased public pressure on tribunals and increase the participation of social movements representing local actors in arbitral processes.
Diagnosis and management of congenital umbilical arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Bakhru Shweta , Jamalpuri Vijayanand , Koneti Nageswara Rao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn 8-day-old neonate was presented with severe respiratory distress and diagnosed as primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn on functional echocardiogram. Evaluation showed bounding pulse, enlarged umbilical cord, and bruit over the periumbilical region. Transthoracic echocardiography and CT angiogram showed a large fistulous communication between the umbilical vein and artery suggestive of congenital umbilical arteriovenous malformation leading to high-output cardiac failure and pulmonary artery hypertension. The patient was stabilised with medications and ventilation. Transcatheter closure of communication was done using coils, vascular plug, and KONAR-MFTM device. The patient improved from heart failure soon after the procedure and thriving normally at 6 months of follow-up.
Genomics: the host's genotype and its relevance to bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Neibergs Holly 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenomic variation exists in cattle that affects their susceptibility to the complex of pathogens responsible for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Heritability estimates and genome-wide association analyses (GWAA) support the role of host genomic variation in BRD susceptibility. Heritability estimates for BRD susceptibility range from 0.02 to 0.29 depending on the population, the definition of the disease, and the accuracy of diagnosis. GWAA have identified genomic regions (loci) associated with BRD in beef and dairy cattle based on a variety of BRD diagnostic criteria. National standards need to be developed for BRD diagnostics and reporting to facilitate selection. Commercial genotyping is available to predict BRD susceptibility in dairy cattle and for the selection of replacement animals. Disease pathogen profiles vary by region and can result in genetic heterogeneity where different loci are important for susceptibility to different BRD pathogens. Although the identification of the BRD pathogens may not be critical for treatment, it is of paramount importance in identifying loci that render cattle susceptible to the disease. Identification of loci associated with host susceptibility to BRD provides a foundation for genomic selection to reduce disease and opens the possibilities to a better understanding of how the host defends itself.
The burden of anthropometric failure and child mortality in India
Authors: Khan Junaid , Das Sumit Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe public health burden of nutritional deficiency and child mortality is the major challenge India is facing upfront. In this context, using National Family Health Survey, 2015–16 data, this study estimated rate of composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) among Indian children by their population characteristics, across states and examined the multilevel contextual determinants. We further investigated district level burden of infant and child mortality in terms of multiple anthropometric failure prevalence across India. The multilevel analysis confirms a significant state, district and PSU level variation in the prevalence of anthropometric failures. Factors like- place of residence, household’s economic wellbeing, mother’s educational attainment, age, immunization status and drinking water significantly determine the different forms of multiple anthropometric failures. Wealth status of the household and mother’s educational status show a clear gradient in terms of the estimated odds ratios. The district level estimation of infant and child mortality demonstrates that districts with higher burden of multiple anthropometric failures show elevated risk of infant and child mortality. Unlike previous studies, this study does not use the conventional indices, instead considered the CIAF to identify the exact and severe form of undernutrition among Indian children and the associated nexus with infant and child mortality at the district level.
Emergence of Prevocalic Stop Consonants in Children With Repaired Cleft Palate
Authors: Zajac David J. , Vallino Linda D. , Baylis Adriane L. , Adatorwovor Reuben , Preisser John S. , Vivaldi Daniela 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study determined the time course of the emergence of prevocalic stop consonants in young children with cleft palate following surgical repair.MethodA total of 120 children in four cohorts from three institutions were followed from 12 to 24 months of age: (a) 24 with repaired cleft lip and palate (CLP), (b) 36 with repaired cleft palate only (CP), (c) 33 without clefts but with histories of frequent otitis media and ventilation tubes (OM), and (d) 27 typically developing (TD) children without clefts or OM. Emergence of prevocalic stops and symbolic language skills were determined during administration of the Communication and Symbolic Behavioral Scales Developmental Profile. Parametric survival models were fitted with and without covariates—recruitment site, gender, maternal education level, middle ear status, language ability, and age at surgery for children with clefts—to describe the time course of the emergence of prevocalic stops.ResultsThe estimated age at which 80% of children demonstrated prevocalic stop emergence was 15.0, 15.3, 18.9, and 21.8 months for TD, OM, CP, and CLP groups, respectively (p< .001, unadjusted model). Both CP and CLP cohorts had a significantly longer time to stop emergence than either the TD or OM cohorts, even after adjusting for covariates. Abnormal middle ear status, lower symbolic language ability, and older age at palatal surgery were significantly associated with delayed stop emergence.ConclusionsSurvival model estimates show that four out of five children with repaired cleft palate will achieve emergence of prevocalic stop consonants by 19–22 months of age, corresponding to 9–12 months following palate repair. Clinical implications are discussed.
Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyl Acetates
Authors: Yamaguchi Eiji , Itoh Akichika , Suzuki Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarbonyl allylation reactions constitute an important step in the formation of carbon–carbon reactions, and involve various related reactions that chiefly use allylmetal reagents. This report presents a nickel-catalyzed carbonyl allylation reaction using allyl acetate, which produces homoallyl alcohols in moderate to good yields, as an efficient methodology under reductive coupling conditions.
Interferences of electrostatic moiré potentials and bichromatic superlattices of electrons and excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Tong Qingjun , Chen Mingxing , Xiao Feiping , Yu Hongyi , Yao Wang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent experimental progresses have demonstrated the great potential of electronic and excitonic moiré superlattices in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for quantum many-body simulations and quantum optics applications. Here we reveal that the moiré potential landscapes in the TMDs heterostructures have an electrostatic origin from the spontaneous charge transfer across the heterointerfaces dependent on the atomic registry. This allows engineering tunable multi-chromatic superlattices through the interference of moiré potentials from independently configurable heterointerfaces in multilayers. We show examples of bichromatic moiré potentials for valley electrons, holes, and interlayer trions in MX2/M’X’2/MX2 trilayers, which can be strain switched from multi-orbital periodic superlattices to quasi-periodic disordered landscape. The trilayer moiré also hosts two independently configurable triangular superlattices of neutral excitons with opposite electric dipoles. These findings greatly enrich the versatility and controllability of TMDs moiré as a quantum simulation platform.
Changes in Hypertension Control in a Community-Based Population of Older Adults, 2011–2013 to 2016–2017
Authors: Foti Kathryn , Matsushita Kunihiro , Koton Silvia , Walker Keenan A , Coresh Josef , Appel Lawrence J , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
2014 hypertension guidelines raised treatment goals in older adults. The objective was to examine changes in blood pressure (BP) control (&lt;140/90 mm Hg) from 2011–2013 to 2016–2017 among Black and white older adults with treated hypertension.

METHODS
Participants were 1,600 white and 650 Black adults aged 71–90 years in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study with treated hypertension in 2011–2013 (baseline) who had BP measured in 2016–2017 (follow-up). Predictors of changes in BP control were examined by race.

RESULTS
BP was controlled among 75.3% of white and 65.7% of Black participants at baseline and 59.0% of white and 56.5% of Black participants at follow-up. Among those with baseline BP control, risk factors for incident uncontrolled BP included age (relative risk [RR] 1.15 per 5 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.25), female sex (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.16–1.60), and chronic kidney disease (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01–1.40) among white participants, and hypertension duration (RR 1.14 per 5 years, 95% CI 1.03–1.27) and diabetes (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.15–1.91) among Black participants. Among those with uncontrolled BP at baseline, white females vs. males (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46–0.78) and Black participants with chronic kidney disease vs. without (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36–0.93) were less likely to have incident controlled BP.

CONCLUSIONS
BP control decreased among white and Black older adults. Black individuals with diabetes or chronic kidney disease were less likely to have controlled BP at follow-up. Higher treatment goals may have contributed to these findings and unintended differences by race.
Improving 3-methylphenol (m-cresol) production in yeast via in vivo glycosylation or methylation
Authors: Hitschler Julia , Boles Eckhard 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Heterologous expression of 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (MSAS) together with 6-MSA decarboxylase enables de novo production of the platform chemical and antiseptic additive 3-methylphenol (3-MP) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, toxicity of 3-MP prevents higher production levels. In this study, we evaluated in vivo detoxification strategies to overcome limitations of 3-MP production. An orcinol-O-methyltransferase from Chinese rose hybrids (OOMT2) was expressed in the 3-MP producing yeast strain to convert 3-MP to 3-methylanisole (3-MA). Together with in situ extraction by dodecane of the highly volatile 3-MA this resulted in up to 211 mg/L 3-MA (1.7 mM) accumulation. Expression of a UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT72B27) from Vitis vinifera led to the synthesis of up to 533 mg/L 3-MP as glucoside (4.9 mM). Conversion of 3-MP to 3-MA and 3-MP glucoside was not complete. Finally, deletion of phosphoglucose isomerase PGI1 together with methylation or glycosylation and feeding a fructose/glucose mixture to redirect carbon fluxes resulted in strongly increased product titers, with up to 897 mg/L 3-MA/3-MP (9 mM) and 873 mg/L 3-MP/3-MP as glucoside (8.1 mM) compared to less than 313 mg/L (2.9 mM) product titers in the wild type controls. The results show that methylation or glycosylation are promising tools to overcome limitations in further enhancing the biotechnological production of 3-MP.
The Concept of Mind in Hindu Tantrism
Authors: Flood Gavin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents an account of the mind as found in pre-philosophical and philosophical Śaiva and Śaiva-Śākta literature and examines some important terms that the English word translates, notably, citta, cit, and manas, although there are others, mostly in the medieval or post-Gupta period. Through such inquiry, we see an ambivalent attitude towards the category mind, on the one hand, being a cause of bondage, while, on the other, being elevated to the highest ontological category. Such an examination raises interesting historical questions about influences on the Śaiva and Śaiva-Śākta material and interesting philosophical questions about the category mind in relation to the category of the person.
Ageism as a Hate Crime: The Case for Extending Aggravated Offences to Protect Age Groups
Authors: Goosey Stuart 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article argues that hate crime laws in England and Wales should be extended to protect age groups by aggravating offences that are based on or motivated by hostility to age groups. I critically assess the following arguments for this: that age-related hate crime can impose greater psychological distress than equivalent non-hate crime and this justifies the increased punishments that aggravated offences offer; that hate crime laws can justifiably protect older people because older people are relatively vulnerable to crime; that extending aggravated offences to protect age groups can justifiably punish hate crime offenders for their increased culpability in contributing to marginalisation of age groups; and creating distinct aggravated offences for age-hostile crimes has symbolic value to reflect the grave moral wrong of these crimes and to communicate that the state is committed to eradicating discrimination against age groups.
Development and Implementation of a Spanish Minor for Nursing Majors
Authors: Fournier Ann , Fouts Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cultural competence is a recognized standard in baccalaureate nursing education, but nursing programs are challenged by a predetermined course sequence and mandated requirements. Interaction with and immersion in a Spanish-speaking country have been found to increase knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to cultural competence. This article describes the development and implementation of a Spanish minor for nursing majors, a unique set of experiences with an educational focus on language and culture related to the Hispanic/Latino population.
A Proposed Ninth Essential: Supporting Doctor of Nursing Practice Students With Current or Anticipated Roles in Nursing Education
Authors: Carley Annette , Hultgren Marianne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The doctor of nursing practice (DNP) essentials do not specifically include a teaching competency, yet several require teaching skills. To prepare the future nursing workforce and achieve essential competencies, DNP nurses must be prepared to teach. Despite the assumption that advance practice expertise makes them intuitive teachers, gaps exist in essential faculty development, including evidence-based teaching theory, methodology, and scholarship. In our institution, DNP students expressed interest in future academic and clinical teaching roles. To support these future educators, an innovative course series aligned with National League for Nursing recommendations was developed. Two courses were successfully implemented, with additional coursework planned.
PCNP: A new era in shaping health policy
Authors: Caruso Adele Marie , Schlamb Cheryl 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The Pennsylvania Coalition of Nurse Practitioners (PCNP) is the state organization that promotes and protects the practice of more than 15,000 certified registered nurse practitioners in Pennsylvania. PCNP, credited for many legislative successes related to nurse practitioner (NP) practice since the 1980s, continues to expand its advocacy endeavors and mission to advance professional NP practice. To further promote the practice of NPs, a novel platform was established. This novel platform, PCNP: A New Era in Shaping Health Policy, was created as a forum where formal comments can be issued on proposed state and federal legislation that affects NP practice, as well as engages NPs from across the state to participate in the commenting process. After one year of active engagement in this forum, a formal commenting structure was successfully established with heighted visibility for health policy issues with real member participation.
Prediction and simulation of aircraft noise in the international Eskisehir Hasan Polatkan airport (LTBY)
Authors: Akdeniz Halil Yalcin , Sogut Mehmet Ziya , Turan Onder 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
In recent years, in parallel with the increasing air traffic and the number of passengers in air transport, the number of people exposed to aircraft-induced noise has increased significantly. Especially people living in the areas close to the airports are affected by noise emission during the landing, take-off, taxi and ground operations. Negative effects of noise such as sleep disturbance, lack of concentration, anxiety and high blood pressure cardiac diseases were determined directly or indirectly for human health. For this reason, examining the noise effect caused by aircraft and determining the necessary measures to be taken is very important for the sustainable development of aviation. In the International Eskisehir Hasan Polatkan Airport (LTBY), this paper aims to calculate a noise mapping following international standards in line with the directives of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Also, Annex 8, “Airworthiness of Aircrafts” and Annex 16, “Environmental Protection Volume 1 Aircraft Noise”, which were taken at the International Civil Aviation Convention, were proposed to determine the exposure caused by aircraft noise.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, noise levels for the day (07.00–19.00), evening (19.00–23.00) and night (23.00–07.00) period around LTBY were predicted and calculated by the use of the IMMI software according to the “ECAC Doc. 29-Interim” method for the prediction and computation of the aircraft noise.

Findings
According to the calculated/mapped values, in the 24 hours (Lden), the noise level is 65 dB (A) and above. In the day time zone, the noise level is 63 dB (A) and above. When the calculations for the evening time zone are examined, the noise level is above 58 dB (A). When the calculations for the night time frame are examined, it is calculated that there is no dwelling that is affected by the noise level above 53 dB (A).

Practical implications
Along with future improvements, it is recommended to be applied to other civil airports.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no previous research in the literature on aircraft noise mapping of LTBY. Also, unlike the software commonly used in other works in the literature, IMMI software was used in this study. Such investigations should be carried out in other civil airports in the coming years to struggle with noise emissions and noise control. If noise boundary values are exceeded, action plans should be developed for a sustainable aviation concept. Along with future improvements, it is recommended to be applied to other civil airports.
The impact of equity sensitivity on mental health, innovation orientation, and turnover intention in the Hungarian and Indian contexts
Authors: Rai Sumita , Megyeri Eszter , Kazár Klára 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Economic turbulence brings a significant impact in the mental health of workforce on both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of equity sensitivity on employee mental health. Innovation is considered to be among the critical drivers for the success and future of organizational existence, therefore this paper also investigates how the equity sensitivity impacts innovation orientation and turnover intentions across two geographies India and Hungary.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was carried out among Hungarian and Indian students. Students were selected only on the basis of having two to three years of work experience and also from good business and economics colleges from India and Hungary.

Findings
The results were analyzed using partial least square–structural equation modelling method to test the hypotheses and it showed that equity sensitivity has a positive effect on employee mental health. The findings of the study highlight that even with significant cultural differences equity sensitivity perception does not differ between Hungary and India.

Research limitations/implications
The relationship between equity sensitivity and employee mental health is an important area to understand in a volatile economy. Innovation orientation and turnover intention both are important to understand the productivity of any organization; this paper is an effort to understand the impact of both variables bringing in the positive or negative impact on the growth of an organization. Limitations of this study include the sample size, cross-sectional data. Future studies can be based on a larger sample size from wider cross-sections and cultures.

Practical implications
Managers need to give importance to understand the equity sensitivity of employee and how it impacts their mental health and well-being. Knowing the volatile nature of economy this becomes very relevant and important for managers and organizations.

Social implications
This study is important to understand that how two countries that are significantly different in cultural values still have no difference in equity sensitivity perception. Therefore, equity sensitivity is an important determinant to bring innovation and productivity in organizations across cultures.

Originality/value
These findings contribute to literature of equity sensitivity by exploring the impact of equity sensitivity on employee mental health in the context of two countries. Mental health is a concern not only in India but also in Hungarian context as well.