bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and ultrastructural observation of arbutoid mycorrhizae of black truffles (Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum)
Authors: Ori Francesca , Leonardi Marco , Faccio Antonella , Sillo Fabiano , Iotti Mirco , Pacioni Giovanni , Balestrini Raffaella 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArbutus unedo (the strawberry tree) is a Mediterranean shrub which forms arbutoid mycorrhizae with a variety of Asco- and Basidiomycetes. After the discovery of the mycorrhizal symbiosis between A. unedo and Tuber borchii, in this study, arbutoid mycorrhizae were synthetized in greenhouse with Tuber aestivum and Tuber melanosporum. Six months after inoculation, both species colonized the roots of all inoculated A. unedo seedlings, but mature mycorrhizae were only observed after 12 months. Ultrastructure analysis of Tuber arbutoid mycorrhizae was described for the first time, showing, as observed in typical endosymbiosis, a rearrangement of host cells and the creation of an interface compartment with both truffle species. Immunolabelling experiments suggested that pectins are not present in the interface matrix surrounding the intracellular hyphae. Thus, the ability to establish symbiosis with A. unedo seems to be a common feature in the genus Tuber, opening up the possibility to use this plant for mycorrhization with valuable truffles. This could represent an important economic opportunity in Mediterranean areas by combining the production of truffles, edible fruits and valued honey.
15 Years MR-encephalography
Authors: Hennig Juergen , Kiviniemi Vesa , Riemenschneider Bruno , Barghoorn Antonia , Akin Burak , Wang Fei , LeVan Pierre 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective
This review article gives an account of the development of the MR-encephalography (MREG) method, which started as a mere ‘Gedankenexperiment’ in 2005 and gradually developed into a method for ultrafast measurement of physiological activities in the brain. After going through different approaches covering k-space with radial, rosette, and concentric shell trajectories we have settled on a stack-of-spiral trajectory, which allows full brain coverage with (nominal) 3 mm isotropic resolution in 100 ms. The very high acceleration factor is facilitated by the near-isotropic k-space coverage, which allows high acceleration in all three spatial dimensions.

Methods
The methodological section covers the basic sequence design as well as recent advances in image reconstruction including the targeted reconstruction, which allows real-time feedback applications, and—most recently—the time-domain principal component reconstruction (tPCR), which applies a principal component analysis of the acquired time domain data as a sparsifying transformation to improve reconstruction speed as well as quality.

Applications
Although the BOLD-response is rather slow, the high speed acquisition of MREG allows separation of BOLD-effects from cardiac and breathing related pulsatility. The increased sensitivity enables direct detection of the dynamic variability of resting state networks as well as localization of single interictal events in epilepsy patients. A separate and highly intriguing application is aimed at the investigation of the glymphatic system by assessment of the spatiotemporal patterns of cardiac and breathing related pulsatility.

Discussion
MREG has been developed to push the speed limits of fMRI. Compared to multiband-EPI this allows considerably faster acquisition at the cost of reduced image quality and spatial resolution.
Integrating formal specifications into applications: the ProB Java API
Authors: Körner Philipp , Bendisposto Jens , Dunkelau Jannik , Krings Sebastian , Leuschel Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe common formal methods workflow consists of formalising a model followed by applying model checking and proof techniques. Once an appropriate level of certainty is reached, code generators are used in order to gain executable code. In this paper, we propose a different approach: instead of generating code from formal models, it is also possible to embed a model checker or animator into applications in order to use the formal models themselves at runtime. We present a Java API to the ProB animator and model checker. We describe several case studies that use this API as enabling technology to interact with a formal specification at runtime.
Asylum-Seeking Children with Medical Complexity and Rare Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital in Switzerland
Authors: Buser S. , Brandenberger J. , Gmünder M. , Pohl C. , Ritz N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of asylum-seeking children with medical complexity visiting a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland, detailing their underlying medical conditions and management. Asylum-seeking patients with frequent visits between January 2016 and December 2017 were identified using administrative and electronic health records. Of 462 patients, 19 (4%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria with 811 (45%) visits. The age of the 19 patients ranged from 0 to 16.7 years (median of 7 years) with two main age groups identified: < 2 years and > 12 years. Nine (47%) patients originated from Syria. A total of 34/811(4%) visits were hospital admissions, 66/811 (8%) emergency department visits and 320/811(39%) outpatient department visits. In children < 2 years genetic diseases (5/8; 63%) and nutritional problems (6/8; 75%) were most common; in adolescents, orthopedic diseases (4/8; 50%) and mental health problems (4/8; 50%). Asylum-seeking children with medical complexity represent a small but important group of patients requiring frequent medical consultations. The high proportion of young patients with genetic diseases and severe nutritional problems suggests that new strategies are required in the management of this specific group of asylum-seeking children. This could be achieved by improved co-ordination between hospital and non-hospital care exploring options for integrated care.
A Pituitary Society update to acromegaly management guidelines
Authors: Fleseriu Maria , Biller Beverly M. K. , Freda Pamela U. , Gadelha Monica R. , Giustina Andrea , Katznelson Laurence , Molitch Mark E. , Samson Susan L. , Strasburger Christian J. , van der Lely A. J. , Melmed Shlomo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGuidelines and consensus statements ensure that physicians managing acromegaly patients have access to current information on evidence-based treatments to optimize outcomes. Given significant novel recent advances in understanding acromegaly natural history and individualized therapies, the Pituitary Society invited acromegaly experts to critically review the current literature in the context of Endocrine Society guidelines and Acromegaly Consensus Group statements. This update focuses on how recent key advances affect treatment decision-making and outcomes, and also highlights the likely role of recently FDA-approved therapies as well as novel combination therapies within the treatment armamentarium.
Reliability and validity of the 6-item Headache Impact Test in chronic migraine from the PROMISE-2 study
Authors: Houts Carrie R. , McGinley James S. , Wirth R. J. , Cady Roger , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeWe examined the reliability and validity of the 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) specifically on patients with chronic migraine (CM) from the PROMISE-2 clinical trial.MethodsThe conceptual framework of HIT-6 was evaluated using baseline data from the PROMISE-2 study (NCT02974153;N = 1072). A unidimensional graded response model within the item response theory (IRT) framework was used to evaluate model fit and item characteristics. Using baseline and week 12 data, convergent and discriminant validity of the HIT-6 was evaluated by correlation coefficients. Sensitivity to change was assessed by evaluating correlations between HIT-6 scores and change scores for other established reference measures. All examined correlations were specified a priori with respect to direction and magnitude. Known-groups analyses were anchored using Patient Global Impression of Change and monthly headache days at week 12.ResultsA unidimensional model fit the data well, supporting that the 6 items measure a single construct. All item slopes and thresholds were within acceptable ranges. In both the validity and sensitivity to change analyses, all observed correlations conformed to directional expectations, and most conformed to magnitude expectations. Known-groups analyses demonstrated that the HIT-6 total score can distinguish between clinically meaningful CM subgroups.ConclusionThe HIT-6 was successfully calibrated using IRT with data from PROMISE-2. Results from these analyses were generally consistent with previous literature and provided supportive evidence that the HIT-6 is well suited for measuring the impact of headache and migraine in the CM population.
Is the selfish life-cycle model more applicable in Japan and, if so, why? A literature survey
Authors: Horioka Charles Yuji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe selfish life-cycle model or hypothesis is, together with the dynasty or altruism model, the most widely used theoretical model of household behavior in economics, but does this model apply in the case of a country like Japan, which is said to have closer family ties than other countries? In this paper, we first provide a brief exposition of the simplest version of the selfish life-cycle model and then survey the literature on household saving and bequest behavior in Japan in order to answer this question. The paper finds that almost all of the available evidence suggests that the selfish life-cycle model applies to at least some extent in all countries but that there is more consistent support for this model in Japan than in the United States and other countries. It then explores possible explanations for why the life-cycle model is more consistently supported in Japan than in other countries, attributing this finding to government policies, institutional factors, economic factors, demographic factors, and cultural factors. Finally, it shows that the findings of the paper have many important implications for economic modeling and for government tax and expenditure policies.
Opportunistic wetland formation, characterization, and quantification on landforms reclaimed to upland ecosites in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region
Authors: Hawkes Virgil C. , Miller Michael T. , Novoa Julio , Ibeke Ebere , Martin Joshua P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSurface mine operators in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) of northeastern Alberta are required by regulation to mitigate habitat impacts resulting from their operations, including impacts to wetlands. To date, most land reclamation efforts have focused on recreating upland forestlands that resemble the surrounding natural (dry) boreal forest. However, the surficial conditions on these reclaimed upland sites can also promote spontaneous wetland development. At Suncor’s Base Plant mine, opportunistic wetlands occurring on reclamation sites have not been formally included in the current inventory of reclaimed wetland areas and remain largely unquantified. We characterized and delineated an estimated 210 ha of opportunistic wetlands (consisting of shallow open water, marshes, and swamps) using aerial photo interpretation and remote sensing analysis in combination with follow-up field verifications. The remote-based (desktop) delineations consistently underestimated actual wetland extents, due mainly to underestimations in the extent of non-inundated vegetation zones (e.g., wet meadow) as well as shrubby swamp. After field corrections, opportunistic wetland habitat was estimated to constitute ~ 17% of the total study area (1209 ha), representing more than a fourfold increase in aerial wetland extent associated with reclaimed landforms over that delineated prior to this study. The interspersion of opportunistic wetlands with upland reclaimed landforms, although unintended, more closely reflects the pre-disturbance landscape, which was characterized by a matrix of forestlands, peatlands, and mineral wetlands (in contrast to the more peatland-dominated lowlands). At Suncor, wetland vegetation composition varied significantly across the study area and was influenced by topographic variation (e.g., in elevation and % slope) in combination with the reclamation substrates (soils) that were placed prior to seeding/planting. Thus, the inclusion of opportunistic wetland delineation in reclamation tracking and closure planning merits consideration as does the opportunity to manipulate current reclamation practices to promote the establishment and persistence of wetlands on reclaimed landforms.
Wafer Level Solid Liquid Interdiffusion Bonding: Formation and Evolution of Microstructures
Authors: Vuorinen V. , Dong H. , Ross G. , Hotchkiss J. , Kaaos J. , Paulasto-Kröckel M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWafer-level solid liquid interdiffusion (SLID) bonding, also known as transient liquid-phase bonding, is becoming an increasingly attractive method for industrial usage since it can provide simultaneous formation of electrical interconnections and hermetic encapsulation for microelectromechanical systems. Additionally, SLID is utilized in die-attach bonding for electronic power components. In order to ensure the functionality and reliability of the devices, a fundamental understanding of the formation and evolution of interconnection microstructures, as well as global and local stresses, is of utmost importance. In this work a low-temperature Cu-In-Sn based SLID bonding process is presented. It was discovered that by introducing In to the traditional Cu-Sn metallurgy as an additional alloying element, it is possible to significantly decrease the bonding temperature. Decreasing the bonding temperature results in lower CTE induced global residual stresses. However, there are still several open issues to be studied regarding the effects of dissolved In on the physical properties of the Cu-Sn intermetallics. Additionally, partially metastable microstructures were observed in bonded samples that did not significantly evolve during thermal annealing. This indicates the Cu-In-Sn SLID bond microstructure is extremely stable.
Indies in Scotland: Exploring the Unique Role of Independent Bookshops in Scotland’s Towns and Villages
Authors: Laing Audrey 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis project explores the business practices and cultural place of independent bookshops in Scotland. The research examines the connections that independent bookshops have with their various stakeholders, and investigates the support and policy change bookshops require in order to survive and prosper. The research finds a wealth of expertise and business acumen across Scottish independent booksellers, uniquely driven by a commitment to literacy, community and a love of books. A strong contribution to communities, welfare and social capital is identified. Policy recommendations are made, which recognise the cultural and community contributions made by bookshops, as well as proposing that bookshops be at the centre of policy planning around the regeneration of high streets.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of effect of salinity and asphaltene on IFT of brine and live oil samples
Authors: Soleymanzadeh Aboozar , Rahmati Ahmadreza , Yousefi Mohammad , Roshani Babak 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral factors influence the IFT of oil and formation water. These factors are rooted in the complex composition of oil, presence of different salts in water, water salinity, temperature, and pressure of reservoir. In the first part of this paper, effect of salinity on IFT between brine and an Iranian live oil sample has been studied experimentally. It is observed that IFT increases almost linearly with brine concentration. Also, linear increasing behavior of IFT with respect to pressure is obviously seen. Then, using thermodynamic properties such as surface excess concentration, chemical potential, chemical activity, and activity coefficient, results were analyzed and observed effect of salinity and pressure were justified thermodynamically. In the second part, the effect of asphaltene on IFT reduction has been studied. In previous works, the investigators extracted resin and asphaltene and then examined their effects on IFT in the absence of other fractions of oil phase. We believe that all fractions play a role in this phenomenon so, in this paper, the effect of natural surfactants of oil phase on IFT has been investigated in presence of all fractions of oil. Hence, SARA test was performed on all samples. Then, IFT between oil samples and brine were measured using captive drop instrument at 25 °C and 3000 psia. Results showed that neither asphaltene content nor asphaltene/resin ratio is a good indicator for effect of asphaltene on IFT, whereas colloidal instability index could be a useful tool to predict asphaltene effect on IFT.
Oil price pass-through into inflation in Spain at national and regional level
Authors: Topan Ligia , Castro César , Jerez Miguel , Barge-Gil Andrés 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOil price showed sharp fluctuations in recent years which revived the interest in its effect on inflation. In this paper, we discuss the relationship between oil price and inflation in Spain, at national and regional levels, and making the distinction between energy and non-energy inflation. To this end, we fit econometric models to measure the effect of oil price shocks on inflation and to predict them under different scenarios. Our results show that almost half of the volatility of changes in total inflation is explained by changes in oil price. As could be expected, the energy component of inflation drives this effect. We also find that, under the most likely scenarios, 1-year ahead total inflation will be moderate, with relevant differences across regions.
Operation of an employee suggestion system in administration and production departments of a remanufacturing company
Authors: Ostrowski Damian , Jagodziński Jacek 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the article is to discuss the issues of the employee suggestion system (ESS) in a remanufacturing enterprise. ESS is a tool used in many modern management philosophies like continuous improvement, Kaizen, lean etc. A number of factors influencing the operation of the employee suggestion system (ESS) were examined in the literature. However, none considers the fact that within various departments, the nature of this tool may vary.

Methodology/approach
Based on the data from a representative international company, the system performance was assessed. Using statistical tests, it was examined whether the ESS works identically in different departments of the company. The article reviews the literature and attempts to explain the reasons for the results.

Findings
On the basis of statistical tests, it has been proved that despite the same implementation and occurrence of the same types of waste in various departments, the number of employee suggestions and thus the functioning of the system is different. According to the authors, the reason for this is the fact that the company performs remanufacturing processes. Managing an enterprise using lean remanufacturing has a specific character in relation to classic lean.

Recommendations
Since the article presents only one example of a company in which this phenomenon appeared and the lack of this issue in the literature, further analysis of this problem is necessary.
Lagerindicine, a New Pyrrole Alkaloid Isolated from the Flowers of Lagerstroemia indica Linnaeus
Authors: Chen Yi , Li Song-Wei , Yin Fang-Zhou , Yang Min , Huan Xia-Juan , Miao Ze-Hong , Wang Xiao-Ming , Guo Yue-Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the EtOH extract of the flowers of Lagerstroemia indica L. led to the isolation and characterization of a new pyrrole alkaloid, named lagerindicine (1), along with four known compounds (2–5). Their structures were elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data, whereas the structure, in particularly, the absolute configuration (AC) of 1, was firmly determined by total synthesis. All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against human colon cancer cell (HCT-116), and compound 3 exhibited weak cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 28.4 μM.

Graphic Abstract
Implications of Medical and Recreational Marijuana Laws for Neuroscience Research: a Review
Authors: Hasin Deborah S. , Aharonovich Efrat 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Review of US medical and recreational marijuana laws (MML and RML), their effects on cannabis potency, prevalence of non-medical cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) in adolescents and adults, and implications for neuroscience research, given what is known about the relationship of cannabis to neurocognitive impairments and underlying brain functioning.

Recent Findings
Cannabis potency may be increasing faster in states with MML or RML than in other states. MML and RML have not impacted prevalence in adolescents but have consistently been shown to increase rates of adult non-medical use and CUD.

Summary
Recent neurocognitive or neuroimaging studies may be more impacted by cannabis than studies conducted when MML and RML were less common. Neurocognitive or neuroimaging studies conducted in MML or RML states should carefully test potential participants for recent cannabis use. More research is needed on cannabis and cognition in medical marijuana patients.