bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life in Primary Aldosteronism: A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Adrenalectomy and Medical Treatment
Authors: Velema Marieke , Dekkers Tanja , Hermus Ad , Timmers Henri , Lenders Jacques , Groenewoud Hans , Schultze Kool Leo , Langenhuijsen Johan , Prejbisz Aleksander , van der Wilt Gert-Jan , Deinum Jaap ,   SPARTACUS investigators
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextIn primary aldosteronism (PA), two subtypes are distinguished: aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH). In general, these are treated by adrenalectomy (ADX) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), respectively.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of surgical treatment and medical treatment on quality of life (QoL).DesignPost hoc comparative effectiveness study within the Subtyping Primary Aldosteronism: A Randomized Trial Comparing Adrenal Vein Sampling and Computed Tomography Scan (SPARTACUS) trial.SettingTwelve Dutch hospitals and one Polish hospital.ParticipantsPatients with PA (n = 184).InterventionsADX or MRAs.Main Outcome MeasuresAt baseline and 6-month and 1-year follow-up, we assessed QoL by two validated questionnaires: RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 (RAND SF-36) and European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D).ResultsAt baseline, seven of eight RAND SF-36 subscales and both summary scores, as well as three of five EQ-5D dimensions and the visual analog scale, were lower in patients with PA compared with the general population, especially in women. The beneficial effects of ADX were larger than for MRAs for seven RAND SF-36 subscales, both summary scores, and health change. For the EQ-5D, we detected a difference in favor of ADX in two dimensions and the visual analog scale. Most differences in QoL between both treatments exceeded the minimally clinically important difference. After 1 year, almost all QoL measures had normalized for adrenalectomized patients. For patients on medical treatment, most QoL measures had improved but not all to the level of the general population.ConclusionBoth treatments improve QoL in PA, underscoring the importance of identifying these patients. QoL improved more after ADX for suspected APA than after initiation of medical treatment for suspected BAH.
Development of Tanner Stage–Age Adjusted CDC Height Curves for Research and Clinical Applications
Authors: Miller Bradley S , Sarafoglou Kyriakie , Addo O Yaw 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveVariations in normal pubertal development, pubertal disorders, and race/ethnicity can lead to differences in growth patterns and timing that are not captured by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) height-for-chronological age (CAHeight) charts. Therefore, we sought to develop new Tanner stage–adjusted height-for-age (TSAHeight) charts accounting for these differences.Study DesignPopulation-based Tanner staging and anthropometric data for 13 358 children age 8 to 18 years from 3 large US national surveys: National Health Examination Surveys (NHES cycle III); the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (HHANES) and the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III) were analyzed. TSAHeight semi-parametric models with additive age splines were used to develop smoothed TSAHeight curves accounting for maturation stage and calendar age.ResultsAs expected, the TSAHeight curves did not track along the respective percentile curves for the CDC 2000 CAHeight curves. We generated race/ethnicity–nonspecific and race/ethnicity–specific TSAHeight charts stratified by sex and plotted against the CDC 2000 CAHeight curves to account for the pubertal status differences between these models. An online calculator to adjust height for pubertal status was created.ConclusionsTSAHeight charts provide a much-needed tool to assess and manage linear growth for US children over the course of puberty. These tools may be useful in clinical management of children with pubertal timing variations.
Misdiagnosis of Paraganglioma by 123I-mIBG Without Stable Iodine Blockade of Thyroidal Radioiodine Uptake
Authors: Chen Cardenas Stanley M , Duan Daisy , Rooper Lisa M , Santhanam Prasanna , Cooper David S , Ladenson Paul W 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIodine-123/iodine-131 (123I/131I)-metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) scan is an established tool for the localization and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors such as paragangliomas (PGL). To minimize thyroid irradiation by the radioactive iodine in the mIBG preparation, blockade of thyroidal iodine uptake with high doses of stable iodine used to be given routinely as part of all mIBG protocols. As 123I is now more frequently utilized than 131I, concern about thyroid radiation has lessened and thyroid blockade is often considered unnecessary. However, in certain situations, the lack of thyroid blockade can significantly impact treatment decisions. This report describes 2 patients who had mediastinal masses incidentally discovered on CT scans, and on further evaluation were found to have symptoms suggesting catecholamine excess with mildly elevated plasma normetanephrine levels. 123I-mIBG scans were performed without thyroid blockade, which demonstrated accumulation of tracer in the masses that were therefore deemed positive for PGL. Both patients underwent surgical resection of the masses with their surgical pathology revealing ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT). These cases illustrate that if appropriate thyroid blockade is not performed, ETT concentrating radioiodine from mIBG can lead to falsely positive mIBG scans and unnecessary surgical procedures. We conclude that in the setting of a mass suspicious for PGL in a location potentially representing ETT, such as the mediastinum, thyroid blockade should be employed for mIBG protocols to avoid false positive scans caused by ETT.
States of Exception and Their Targets
Authors: Codaccioni Vanessa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the history of state exception in France since the Algerian War. From this point of view, what is happening in France falls into two overlapping genealogies of exception: a colonial genealogy of exceptionalist logics, in which Algeria plays a central part; and a more metropolitan genealogy of political repression that could be traced back to the monarchy. The author thus divides her remarks into three sections. First, she addresses the double genealogy of exception in France; second, the discriminatory character of the exception; and last, the normalization of exception.
A New Shahrazad
Authors: Amstutz Andrew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 1945, Mahmooda Rizvia, a prominent Urdu author from Sindh, published a travel account of her journey across the Arabian Sea from British India to Iraq during World War II. In her travel account, Rizvia conceptualized the declining British Empire as a dynamic space for Muslim renewal that connected India to the Middle East. Moreover, she fashioned a singular autobiographical persona as an Urdu literary pioneer and woman traveler in the Muslim lands of the British Empire. In her writings, Rizvia focused on her distinctive observations of the ocean, the history of the Ottoman Empire, and her home province of Sindh's location as a historical nexus between South Asia and the Middle East. In contrast to the expectations of modesty and de-emphasis on the self in many Muslim women's autobiographical narratives in the colonial era, Rizvia fashioned a pious, yet unapologetically self-promotional, autobiographical persona. In conversation with recent scholarship on Muslim cosmopolitanism, women's autobiographical writing, and travel literature, this article points to the development of an influential project of Muslim cosmopolitanism in late colonial Sindh that blurred the lines between British imperialism, pan-Islamic ambitions, and nationalism during the closing days of World War II.
Gene-environment interactions: aligning birth defects research with complex etiology
Authors: Beames Tyler G. , Lipinski Robert J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDevelopmental biologists rely on genetics-based approaches to understand the origins of congenital abnormalities. Recent advancements in genomics have made it easier than ever to investigate the relationship between genes and disease. However, nonsyndromic birth defects often exhibit non-Mendelian inheritance, incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity. The discordance between genotype and phenotype indicates that extrinsic factors frequently impact the severity of genetic disorders and vice versa. Overlooking gene-environment interactions in birth defect etiology limits our ability to identify and eliminate avoidable risks. We present mouse models of sonic hedgehog signaling and craniofacial malformations to illustrate both the importance of and current challenges in resolving gene-environment interactions in birth defects. We then prescribe approaches for overcoming these challenges, including use of genetically tractable and environmentally responsive in vitro systems. Combining emerging technologies with molecular genetics and traditional animal models promises to advance our understanding of birth defect etiology and improve the identification and protection of vulnerable populations.
Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Impact of Import Substitution on Economic Growth
Authors: Talalaeva N. , Litvinova A. 
Published: July 2020

Import substitution provide multidirectional impact on the economy, accompanied by both positive and negative effects, nevertheless, import substitution, is a leading tool to overcome most unfavorable events in the country's economic system, which extremely aggravated in the first half of 2020. It is possible to force the development of import substitution's positive effects if there is a clear quantitative assessment of its effectiveness in terms of its impact on the growth of the Russian economy.
Based on a generalization and analysis of the methods and tools for assessing the impact of import substitution on the economy used by domestic and foreign authors in their studies, scientific-methodological approaches to such an impact were identified. In model approach, an author’s assessment methodology has been developed. At the first stage using an expanded system of import substitution effectiveness indicators, which grouped by sectors of the economy, a composite indicator of the effectiveness is formed by means of principal components method. At the second stage the dependence of economic growth on a composite indicator of import substitution effectiveness is formed by means of correlation and regression analysis.
General government of the economy can use our technique to shape an economic development strategy under the import substitution.
Kryzys zadłużeniowy w strefie euro w latach 2010‑2018
Authors: Węc Janusz Józef 
Published: July 2020

The Debt Crisis in the Eurozone in Years 2010‑ 2018. Genesis, Dynamics and Tools to Overcome the Crisis
The global financial crisis significantly contributed to the outbreak of the Eurozone debt crisis in 2010 and exposed the institutional weaknesses of the entire zone that had existed since its inception. In 2010‑2018, the European Union focused essentially on four basic forms of crisis management in the Eurozone: financial support for indebted economies, aid programs for crisis‑stricken countries, measures by the European Central Bank to overcome the crisis and system reform of the Eurozone and the Economic and Monetary Union. The research objective of the article is to analyze the dynamics of the debt crisis in the Eurozone. The author would like to answer the following research questions: How much have the aid programs of the European Union and the International Monetary Fund contributed to overcoming the debt crisis? Has this crisis really been overcome? How deep were the structural reforms of the indebted economies? The author also defines the research hypothesis that the debt crisis in the Eurozone has not been finally overcome, since in many countries government debt is still on a high level.
Evaluation of immediate and delayed surgery for pathological fracture due to unicameral bone cysts in children
Authors: Chen Xin , Chen Kai , Su Yuxi 
Published: July 2020

Purpose Unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) are most often found when accompanied by a pathological fracture. In these cases, the doctor must determine the optimal timing for the surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of immediate surgery as compared with delayed surgery in paediatric pathological fractures due to UBCs. Methods This retrospective study assessed the medical records of 65 patients between January 2012 and September 2016. Group A included 34 patients who underwent immediate surgery, including curettage, demineralized bone matrix and fixation with elastic stable intramedullary nailing. Group B included 31 patients who underwent the same surgery several months later. The outcome evaluations included the radiological changes, brace fixation time, cyst healing time, at the first-, third- and sixth month, and final visit. Results The mean brace fixation time was 26.3 days (sd 5.7) for group A and 53.8 days (sd .1) for group B (p = 0.012). According to radiological evaluations, 3/34 patients in group A and 5/31 in group B had recurrence after the first surgery. A second surgery was performed in all cases of recurrence, and all fractures were healed at the last visit. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups (p = 0.4631), and healing times were also similar (p = 0.6033). Conclusion Both the immediate and delayed surgery were safe for the treatment of UBCs with fractures. We suggest immediate surgery for shorter fixation time and early activity. Level of evidence IV
Can Developed Countries Make History of Poverty?
Authors: Khormi Sameer 
Published: July 2020

Since poverty is a serious issue that has had its impacts on human internationally, this paper aims to discuss poverty from different aspects and the reasons for making a history of poverty, as well as if the developed countries caused in making history of poverty. Furthermore, this paper discussed the history of poverty in the past 50 years and some initiatives have undertaken by UN and international bank to overcome the impacts of poverty in developing countries, particularly on education and healthcare. Then, a comparison was made between some developing countries how they benefited from these initiatives, while others remained poor.
Radiologic practice in the face of COVID-19. The impact on private Radiologic facilities in south-south Nigeria.
Authors: ROBINSON EBBI 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: CoronaVirus Disease (Covid-19) is a highly contagious disease that has spread to many countries all over the globe and the index case in Nigeria was confirmed on 27th February 2020. The study is aimed at evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on private radiologic facilities in south-south Nigeria. Methodology: This was a retrospective survey of 5 private radiologic facilities in Port Harcourt, south-south Nigeria from November 2019 to April 2020 using the facilities monthly statistics. The statistics were evaluated to assess the attendance of patients to radiologic investigation before and during the pandemic. The inclusion criteria are the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and radiologic practise guideline in accordance with the COVID-19 pandemic. Records concerning patient’s attendance to Plain radiography, Ultrasonography, Computed tomography, hysterosalpingography, mammography and Magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed. The data collated were analyzed and presented in tables, charts and graphs.Results: The highest number of patients was observed in November 2019 with 2.6% decrease in January, 82.9% and 90.1% decrease in March 2020 and April 2020 respectively. All the centres had a significant reduction in the use of radiologic facilities within this period of the pandemic. The negative economic impact was estimated to be huge drawing an inference from the very poor patient’s turnout. Conclusion: In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic was a global catastrophe in radiologic investigation and its impact in private radiologic facilities in Port Harcourt was enormous.
Neologismen in der Ingenieurtechnik und der Industrie
Authors: Schorn Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet anhand einiger Beispiele die Einführung und Verwendung technischer Neologismen. Besonderer Wert wird auf die ursprüngliche Bedeutung von bereits bekannten Begriffen gelegt, welche in neuem Sinn interpretiert werden. Eine wichtige Rolle kommt dabei Anglizismen und Scheinanglizismen zu. Im Bereich der Ingenieurwissenschaften ist die sinnvolle und korrekte Anwendung technischer Ausdrücke von besonderer Bedeutung; sie spiegelt das Verständnis für die zu lösenden Aufgaben wider und ist darüber hinaus ein Anliegen der Informationskultur.
Take it to the (public) bank: The efficiency of public bank loans to private firms
Authors: Kärnä Anders 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Incomplete capital markets and credit constraints for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are often considered obstacles to economic growth, thus motivating government interventions in capital markets. While such policies are common, it is less clear to what extent these interventions result in firm growth or to which firms interventions should be targeted. Using a unique dataset with information about state bank loans targeting credit-constrained SMEs in Sweden with and without complementary private bank loans, this paper contributes to the literature by studying how these loans affect the targeted firms for several outcome variables. The results suggest that the loans create a one-off increase in investments, with long-term, positive effects for sales and labor productivity but only for firms with 10 or fewer employees. Increased access to capital by firms can therefore produce increases in economic output but only in a specific type of firm. This insight is of key importance in designing policy if the aim is to increase economic growth.
Medicine, anti-realism and ideology: Variation in medical genetics does not show that race is biologically real
Authors: Msimang Phila Mfundo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLee McIntyre’sRespecting Truthchronicles the contemporary challenges regarding the relationship amongst evidence, belief formation and ideology. The discussion in his book focusses on the ‘politicisation of knowledge’ and the purportedly growing public (and sometimes academic) tendency to choose to believe what is determined by prior ideological commitments rather than what is determined by evidence-based reasoning. In considering these issues, McIntyre posits that the claim “race is a myth” is founded on a political ideology rather than on support from scientific evidence. He contrasts this view with the argument that racially correlated biomedical outcomes for self-identified racial groups suggest that biological races are real. I explore how McIntyre’s framing of the claim “race is a myth” as fundamentally ideological results in him failing to engage with the arguments and evidence many constructionists and biological anti-realists put forward in support of their views. I also show how the biomedical evidence he thinks supports biological realism is unconvincing.
Anatomical, Mechanical and Fractographic Characterization of Needle Punched Musa sapientum Cellulosic Fiber/UPE Composites
Authors: Kenned Jack J. , Sankaranarayanasamy K. , Suresh Kumar C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on the evolution of a new biodegradable material sourced from agro-waste, and how it plays a vital role in replacing nonbiodegradable material. In the present work, new fibers were extracted from the pseudo stem of the Nendran variety of the banana plant. Initially, anatomical studies were carried out on raw fibers to investigate cellulosic and noncellulosic structures to prove its reinforcement potentiality. Later the cellulosic fibers were needle punched and reinforced with unsaturated polyester matrix (UPE) to fabricate a needle-punched banana fiber composite (NPBFC). Subsequently, 30 mm of chopped banana fiber and chopped glass fiber was reinforced randomly with the UPE to fabricate random banana fiber composites (RBFCs) and random glass fiber composites (RGFCs), respectively. Tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact tests were conducted on different fiber wt.% of NPBFC, RBFC, and RGFC to compute the mechanical properties. The results revealed superior mechanical properties at 40 wt.% fiber content. However, beyond 40 wt.% (i.e., 50 wt.%), abrupt failure due to inferior interfacial bonding between the composite constituents was noted. Furthermore, the increases in tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact strength of optimized NPBFC were 26.17, 24.73, 53.41, and 19.54 %, respectively, which are more supercilious than RBFC and comparable with RGFC. Moreover, the thermal stability of optimized NPBFC was evidenced up to 260°C. Finally, field emission scanning electron microscopy observation inferred that the interfacial bonding failure in NPBFC is less significant than the RBFC and RGFC. This study concludes that the synthesized NPBFC can be used for the application of lightweight structural components.
Fatigue Behavior of Bolted Joints: Comparative Analysis for the Effect of Fretting and Stress Concentration
Authors: Li Xin , Yang Jianwei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a methodology is developed to investigate the combined effect of some main factors (bolt pretension load, shear load, coefficient of friction, and bolted joints structure) on the fatigue performance of bolted joints. A parameter k, which reflects the ratio of bolt pretension load to shear load, is used to evaluate the competition effect of fretting and stress concentration on fatigue damage of bolted joints. The analysis result deduces that as the increase of k, the effect of stress concentration is decreased, while the influence of fretting is increased. At the increase of the bolt pretension load, the fatigue crack formation position will be far away from the hole center. This parameter k can be used as a design or assembly parameter to improve the strength performance of the bolted joints.
Incompetencia cervical y parto prematuro. Modificación a la técnica del cerclaje
Authors: Rodríguez Forero Rafael , Collazos Armando , Illera Parra Carlos 
Published: July 2020

Numeros de casos tratados 13Edad promedio de laspacientes 28.3 añosNúmero de partos previos 20Numero de abortos previos 57Número de prematuros 13Epoca promedio delcerclaje 16.8 semanasCon reparo de plata 5Duración promedio delcerclaje 17 semanasFracasos 2Partos es pontáneos 5Cesáreas 5Peso promedio de los fetos 2 .952 gramosPacientes en observación 2
Cesárea extraperitoneal
Authors: Varón Correal Nelson 
Published: July 2020

La cesárea extraperitoneal ideada para lograr la histerotomía en la extracción del feto por vía abdominal, sin penetrar. en la cavidad peritoneal, ocupa acualmente un lugar indeterminado en la cirugía obstétrica moderna ( 40). En efecto, muy usada y aprovechada antes de la antibióticoterapia fue injustamente relegada, hasta el punto de ser considerada una intervención histórica por muchos obstetras del presente.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on the Nephrology Community in South Africa
Authors: Nel Johan , Moosa Rafique 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has had an immense impact on medical services worldwide, and significantly so in the nephrology community. This article briefly describes the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19, its effect on patients with chronic kidney disease and on renal replacement therapy, and illness within transplant recipients, and offers early comment on local experiences within the nephrology community.