bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pre‐existing diseases on COVID‐19 infection and role of new sensors and biomaterials for its detection and treatment
Authors: Singh Angaraj , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Dubey Ashutosh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe entire world is suffering from a new type of viral disease, occurred by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The present article briefly discussed the genome sequencing and interaction of host cells with SARS‐CoV‐2. The influence of pre‐existing diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and age of the patients on COVID‐19 infection is reviewed. The possible treatments of SARS‐CoV‐2 including antiviral drugs, Chinese traditional treatment and plasma therapy are elaborately discussed. The proper vaccine for COVID‐19 is not available till date. However, the trials of pre‐existing antiviral vaccines such as, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, ritonavir and lopinavir and their consequences are briefly presented. Further, the importance of new materials and devices for the detection and treatment of COVID‐19 has also been reviewed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based, and non‐PCR‐based devices are used for the detection of COVID‐19 infection. The non‐PCR‐based devices provide rapid results as compared to PCR‐based devices.
Implication of the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Inflammation Associated with Nutritional Disorders and Obesity
Authors: Rodriguez Julie , Olivares Marta , Delzenne Nathalie M. 
Published: October 2020

ScopeMore than a decade ago, the concept of “metabolic endotoxemia” is elaborated on the fact that some bacterial components, classified as microbial associated membrane pathogens (MAMPs) can pass through the gut barrier and create a systemic low tone inflammation.Methods and resultsThe translocation of lipopolysaccharides and its contribution to systemic inflammation are largely studied in murine models of obesity, allowing to unravel the molecular pathways involved in the process. Many different pathological contexts evoke the loss of gut barrier as an event contributing to inflammation and thereby driving metabolic and behavioral alterations.ConclusionThis review describes the role of nutrition as a modulator of metabolic regulation and focuses on the contribution of the gut microbiota in the process of the production of a large diversity of bioactive metabolites. The two first sections of the review will be dedicated to the impact of nutritional disorders on both the gut microbiota composition and on metabolic inflammation. The last and more prominent section will describe the role of different nutrient‐derived gut metabolites on the gut barrier integrity, metabolic inflammation, and peripheral tissue alterations during obesity or associated complications.
CVFEM based numerical investigation and mathematical modeling of surface dependent magnetized copper‐oxide nanofluid flow using new model of porous space
Authors: Sheikholeslami Mohsen , Ijaz Khan Muhammad , Chu Yu‐Ming , Kadry Seifedine , Khan Waqar A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSimulation of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) free convection and radiation in a cavity packed with CuO‐water nanofluid has been numerically performed. To gain the outputs, control volume‐based finite element method (CVFEM) has been used. The physical domain is considered porous space and new model has been involved for modeling. This review covers a broad range of Rayleigh number, Hartmann radiation parameter, nanoparticles' shape on nanoliquid behavior, and interface heat transport variable were validated. The obtained average Nusselt number is compared with that of Rudraiah et al. for higher estimations of Gr and Ha at Prandtl number 0.733 and found good analysis with them. Furthermore, the temperature distribution of the present work on the axial midline between the obtained outcomes and computational outcomes of Sharif et al. and Khanafer et al. subject to Gr = 104, ϕ = 0.1, and Pr = 6.2(Cu − Water). It is also noticed that the conduction phenomenon is more significant against rising Nhs, while heat transfer rate declines. The convective mode strongly depends on shape factor of various nanoparticles, that is, platelet, spherical, brick, and cylinder.
Isolation and Structural Elucidation of 15‐Nuclear Copper Dihydride Clusters: An Intermediate in the Formation of a Two‐Electron Copper Superatom
Authors: Chakrahari Kiran Kumarvarma , Liao Jingping , Silalahi Rhone P. Brocha , Chiu Tzu‐Hao , Liao Jian‐Hong , Wang Xiaoping , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Liu C. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHighly reactive copper‐dihydride clusters, [Cu15(H)2(S2CNR2)6(C2Ph)6](PF6) {R = nBu (1H), nPr (2H), iBu (3H)}, are isolated during the reaction of [Cu28H15{S2CNnBu2}12](PF6) with ten equivalents of phenylacetylene. They are found to be intermediates in the formation of the earlier reported two‐electron superatom [Cu13(S2CNR2)6(C2Ph)4]+. Better yields are obtained by reacting dithiocarbamate sodium salts, [Cu(CH3CN)4](PF6), BH4− and phenylacetylene. The presence of two hydrides in the isolated clusters is confirmed by the synthesis and characterization of its deuteride analogue [Cu15(D)2(S2CNR2)6(C2Ph)6]+, and a single‐crystal neutron structure of 2H. Structural characterization of 1H reveals a new bicapped icosahedral copper(I) cage encapsulating a linear copper dihydride (CuH2)− unit. Reaction of 3H with Au(I) salts yields a highly luminescent [AuCu12(S2CNiBu2)6(C2Ph)4]+ cluster.
Subleading corrections to the free energy in a theory with N5/3 scaling
Authors: Liu James T. , Lu Yifan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We numerically investigate the sphere partition function of a Chern-Simons-matter theory with SU(N) gauge group at level k coupled to three adjoint chiral multiplets that is dual to massive IIA theory. Beyond the leading order N5/3 behavior of the free energy, we find numerical evidence for a term of the form (2/9) log N. We conjecture that this term may be universal in theories with N5/3 scaling in the large-N limit with the Chern-Simons level k held fixed.
Continuously Differentiable Functions on Compact Sets
Authors: Frerick Leonhard , Loosveldt Laurent , Wengenroth Jochen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider the space $$C^1(K)$$

C
1

(
K
)

of real-valued continuously differentiable functions on a compact set $$K\subseteq \mathbb {R}^d$$

K
⊆

R

d

. We characterize the completeness of this space and prove that the restriction space $$C^1(\mathbb {R}^d|K)=\{f|_K: f\in C^1(\mathbb {R}^d)\}$$

C
1

(

R

d

|
K
)

=

{
f

|
K

:
f
∈

C
1

(

R

d

)

}

is always dense in $$C^1(K)$$

C
1

(
K
)

. The space $$C^1(K)$$

C
1

(
K
)

is then compared with other spaces of differentiable functions on compact sets.
Numerical solution of a bending-torsion model for elastic rods
Authors: Bartels Sören , Reiter Philipp 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAiming at simulating elastic rods, we discretize a rod model based on a general theory of hyperelasticity for inextensible and unshearable rods. After reviewing this model and discussing topological effects of periodic rods, we prove convergence of the discretized functionals and stability of a corresponding discrete flow. Our experiments numerically confirm thresholds, e.g., for Michell’s instability, and indicate a complex energy landscape, in particular in the presence of impermeability.
Bedarfe der Langzeitpflege in der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Stolle Claudia , Schmidt Annika , Domhoff Dominik , Friedrich Anna Carina , Heinze Franziska , Preuß Benedikt , Seibert Kathrin , Rothgang Heinz , Wolf-Ostermann Karin 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Virus SARS-CoV‑2 und die damit einhergehende Erkrankung COVID-19 stellen die Gesundheitssysteme weltweit vor große Herausforderungen. Besonders die vulnerable Gruppe pflegebedürftiger Menschen in der Langzeitpflege ist gefährdet, schwere Krankheitsverläufe zu erleiden oder an der Infektion zu versterben.In einer bundesweiten Querschnittsstudie wurden mittels einer Onlinebefragung die Situation und die Bedarfe stationärer und ambulanter Langzeitpflegeeinrichtungen während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie erfasst und analysiert.Konkret forderten Teilnehmende aus 531 Einrichtungen einheitliche Handlungsempfehlungen zu SARS-CoV‑2, ausreichende und finanzierbare Schutz- und Hygienematerialien, Reihentestungen in den Einrichtungen, fundierte Beratung bei der Umsetzung von Maßnahmen, einen konkreten Pandemieplan und unterstützende Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in den Medien. Dazu wurden eine höhere Vergütung der Pflegenden, eine bessere Personalausstattung und stärkere Wertschätzung der pflegerischen Profession gefordert.Um die vulnerable Gruppe pflegebedürftiger Menschen vor einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion zu schützen, muss die Langzeitpflege stärker in den Fokus der gesundheitspolitischen Maßnahmen während der Pandemie gerückt werden.
Grenzenlose Solidarität? Institutionelle Voraussetzungen und Strukturbedingungen fairer Kooperation
Authors: Althammer Jörg , Sommer Maximilian 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert die ambivalente Beziehung zwischen Marktwirtschaft und Solidarität. Im Unterschied zu den in der Literatur dominierenden Extrempositionen, welche den Markt entweder moralisch überhöhen und ihn mit Solidarität gleichsetzen oder ihm grundsätzlich jegliche Solidarität absprechen, wird in diesem Beitrag vor allem auf das solidarische Potenzial des Marktes eingegangen. Dazu erfolgt in einem ersten Schritt eine konzeptionelle Verortung des Begriffs der Solidarität als kooperative Interaktion zum gegenseitigen Vorteil. Dabei wird als theoretischer Bezugsrahmen die kooperative Spieltheorie verwendet. Anschließend werden die sozialstrukturellen Voraussetzungen erörtert, welche erfüllt sein müssen, damit sich marktwirtschaftliche Transaktionen als solidarisch charakterisieren lassen. In einem letzten Schritt wird untersucht, welchen Beitrag dieser sozialstrukturelle Ansatz zur Diskussion um eine kosmopolitische Solidarität leisten kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass gesellschaftliche Solidarität als die Gewährleistung des sozialstrukturellen Rahmens für eine sozial erwünschte Kooperation unter fairen Bedingungen zu verstehen ist.
Zur Einleitung: Grenzziehungen der Solidarität
Authors: Schnabel Annette , Tranow Ulf 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungSolidaritäten sind von beschränkter Reichweite und gehen mit Grenzziehungen einher. Diese sind historisch kontingent und gesellschaftlich umstritten. Eine Vielzahl gesellschaftlicher Konflikte lassen sich soziologisch als Solidaritätskonflikte deuten, in denen widerstreitende Ideen über Zugehörigkeit, Zusammengehörigkeit und wechselseitige Verantwortung verhandelt werden. Ausgehend von der Vorstellung, dass Solidarnormen den Kern des soziologischen Solidaritätsverständnisses ausmachen, geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, was zentrale Dimensionen der Grenzziehung sind. Es wird vorgeschlagen, zwischen sozialen und substanziellen Grenzziehungen zu unterscheiden. Soziale Grenzziehungen beziehen sich darauf, welche Personen(gruppen), Kollektive und Spezies (nicht) zu einem solidarischen „Wir“ bzw. zum Solidaritätsradius gezählt werden. Durch soziale Grenzziehungen wird somit bestimmt, wer (keine) Chancen auf Zuwendung, Aufmerksamkeit und Unterstützung hat. Substanzielle Grenzziehungen adressieren dagegen, welche materiellen oder immateriellen Solidarleistungen die Mitglieder eines Solidaritätsradius in welcher Höhe einander schulden und welchen Verbindlichkeitsgrad Solidarität hat. Durch substanzielle Grenzziehungen bestimmen sich damit Anspruchsniveau und Stärke von Solidarität. In beiden Dimensionen sind Grenzziehungen gekoppelt an legitimierende Ideologien und sozialstrukturelle Voraussetzungen. Ein soziologisches Verständnis empirisch beobachtbarer Solidaritätsverhältnisse verlangt, dass das Zusammenspiel beider Dimensionen rekonstruiert wird und die Mechanismen offengelegt werden, auf denen Grenzziehungen in beiden Dimensionen basieren.
A rare case of pseudoaneurysm at the site of untreated coarctation of the aorta in an adult patient
Authors: Mikami Takuma , Kamada Takeshi , Uchiyama Hiroki , Kuroda Yosuke , Harada Ryo , Naraoka Syuichi , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere we report a rare case of pseudoaneurysm at the site of aortic coarctation. Aortic coarctation and a saccular aortic aneurysm protruding from the site of this coarctation were detected in a 50-year-old woman. Owing to the shape of the aneurysm and high risk of rupture, an open surgical repair was performed. The pathological findings of the removed aneurysm revealed a pseudoaneurysm consisting of only a thin adventitial wall. Adult uncorrected aortic coarctation has a poor prognosis. One of its causes may be the formation of such a pseudoaneurysm.
Operationalisierte, kriteriengeleitete Beurteilung der Schuldfähigkeit bei paraphilen Störungen – Stand und Ausblick
Authors: Dobbrunz S. , Briken P. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der operationalisierten, kriteriengeleiteten Beurteilung für die Begutachtung der Schuldfähigkeit bei paraphilen Störungen. Zunächst werden frühere Überlegungen und Ansätze dargestellt und um neue empirische, vorläufige Ergebnisse, welche erste Annahmen zu Reliabilität und Validität des Vorgehens ermöglichen, erweitert. Anschließend werden kurz die Ergebnisse einer Expertendiskussion zum Thema ergänzt, um vorläufige Schlussfolgerungen und einen Ausblick darzustellen. Insgesamt wird mit der operationalisierten, kriteriengeleiteten Beurteilung für die Begutachtung der Schuldfähigkeit bei paraphilen Störungen ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, das als vielversprechend angesehen werden kann und zu einer Erweiterung des Vorgehens, den weiteren interdisziplinären Dialog und die weitere empirische Prüfung animiert.
Ethical considerations in adult and community education research in Nigeria: issues and perspectives
Authors: Olaniran Sunday Olawale , Baruwa Ikeoluwapo B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
There is a growing international interest in ethical issues in research and the process by which it can be enhanced. Unlike in the past when research studies were conducted abruptly, almost all organisations and research institutes now have various mechanisms to ensure compliance with ethical standards and procedures. Adult and community education research in Nigeria continues to gain the attention of governments and Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) due to the need to improve the literacy rate among adult learners and out-of-school youths in the country. However, in many workshops and training involving academics and development workers, much of the discussions on ethical issues in data collection and research reportage are not given the necessary attention that it requires. This review paper explores the ethical issues in adult and community education research with a view to re-awakening the consciousness of adult education scholars and practitioners, both in Nigeria and on the continent of Africa, to rethink how research data and processes are managed, such that it conforms with best practices globally.
Gefährliche Gruppen. Zur Personifizierung sozialer Probleme
Authors: Negnal Dörte 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungGelten soziale Gruppen als Bedrohung für eine allgemeine Bevölkerung, kreist die Problematisierung weniger um die aktuelle Situation oder gesellschaftliche Bedingungen, sondern soziale Probleme werden personifiziert. Im Beitrag wird die Herstellung solcher Problemgruppen als kategoriale Verdichtung diskutiert. Unterstrichen wird dabei, dass die Beteiligungen der Akteur*innen über einen reaktionären Opferstatus hinausreichen und sich kollektive Akteur*innen über die kategoriale Verdichtung formieren. Plädiert wird dafür, Problematisierungen in Konstellationen aus Allgemeinheit, problematisiertem Kollektiv und Problemgruppe zu fassen. Dafür wird eine akteurs- und prozessorientierte Perspektive bemüht, denn dem Phänomen der Personifizierung sozialer Probleme auf die Spur zu kommen, bedeutet, ihr Werden, die Prozeduren und die Beteiligten – die Problematisierten wie die Problematisierenden – mit ihren Beiträgen dahingehend zu untersuchen, wie die bestimmende Kategorisierungsarbeit jeweils geleistet wird. Diese Perspektive wird mit Bezug auf interaktionistische Studien und Ansätze aus den Science and Technology Studies theoretisch hergeleitet und mit Fällen aus eigenen Forschungen empirisch begründet.
Why deontologists should reject agent-relative value and embrace agent-relative accountability
Authors: Schuessler Rudolf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper claims that deontological and consequentialist ethics are best distinguished with reference to different assumptions concerning moral accountability and accounting. Deontological ethics can thereby be defended against the accusation of inordinate concern with the moral purity of agents. Moreover, deontological ethics can and should reject being based on the concept of agent-relative value. Even under the assumption that deontological ethics can be consequentialized, agent-relative value need not play a fundamental role. This is not the same as denying agent-relativity a key role in deontological ethics. Deontological moral accounting of universal value should be regarded as agent-relative, whereas consequentialist accounting assumes a shared moral account of all moral agents.
Hydration Properties of Mechanically Activated Muscovite in the Presence of Calcium Oxide
Authors: Yao Geng , Cui Tao , Su Yuewei , Anning Cosmos , Wang Junxiang , Lyu Xianjun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe harm caused by mine tailings has become increasingly problematic in recent years, so efforts are needed to dispose of or reutilize them in environmentally friendly ways. The objective of the present study was to find out if the hydration properties of muscovite contained in mine tailings are suitable for it to be used as a pozzolan in cement, after undergoing mechanical activation. Aqueous suspensions of mechanically activated muscovite were blended with 10, 20, or 30 wt.% calcium oxide and then allowed to harden. The hardened paste samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The results revealed that the mechanically activated muscovite exhibited pozzolanic reaction activity in the alkaline environment provided by calcium oxide, and the activated muscovite possessed a capacity to react with calcium hydroxide to form hydration products. The calcium oxide content affected significantly the quantities and kinds of hydration products, non-evaporable water content, and the compressive strength development of the paste samples. The hydration products of the 10% calcium oxide-activated, mechanically activated muscovite pastes were Al-containing hydrated calcium silicate (C-A-S-H) gel, stratlingite, and, upon addition of 20% and 30% calcium oxide, Ca-Al hydrotalcite-like (Ht) phases. The present study was helpful in evaluating the hydration properties of the mechanically activated muscovite and also provided a research basis for evaluating the hydration properties of mine tailings containing muscovite after mechanical activation. The results provided a theoretical basis for muscovite-containing mine tailings to be used as a cement additive, and was conducive to the large-scale utilization of mine tailings.
Women’s Internationalism and Yugoslav-Indian Connections: From the Non-Aligned Movement to the UN Decade for Women
Authors: Bonfiglioli Chiara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article addresses women’s cross-border internationalist connections within the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), focusing on the exchanges between women’s organizations in socialist Yugoslavia and the Global South during the 1950s and 1960s, as well as during the UN Decade for Women (1975–1985). As a result of the Soviet-Yugoslav split, Yugoslavia was expelled from the Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF), the main organization federating antifascist, communist, and socialist women, in 1949. To overcome international isolation, Yugoslav representatives established their own bilateral connections with women’s organizations internationally, particularly in the Global South. Throughout the Cold War, the main figure behind women’s internationalism in Yugoslavia was Vida Tomšič (1913–1998), a former partisan and leading politician, trained as a lawyer, who had a fundamental role both in nonaligned and UN settings. In this article, I further analyze Vida Tomšič’s visits to India, and examine her correspondence with Indian scholar and Women’s Studies pioneer Vina Mazumdar (1927–2013). The exchanges between Vina and Vida, as they amicably addressed each other, exemplify the significance of the alliance between activists from socialist countries and activists from the Global South during the UN Decade for Women.
Between the Market and Solidarity: Commercializing Development Aid and International Higher Education in Socialist Yugoslavia
Authors: Wright Peter Quinnan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines how self-managed faculties in socialist Yugoslavia adopted market mechanisms in the 1970s and 1980s to attract international students and thus contributed to a commercialization of higher education. In the 1950s, Yugoslavia became a destination for students from postcolonial states because of its nonaligned politics. While Yugoslav officials first emphasized aid to students through scholarships, this article argues that projects based on profit seeking began to dominate thinking about aid in the late 1960s. Using archival records in Croatia and Serbia as well as UNESCO and World Bank reports, this article shows how domestic and international factors influenced these changes. Domestically, decentralizing political reforms and decreased funding for higher education allowed republic policy makers to disconnect technical aid from political priorities and to pursue self-financing international students. Detached from centralized policy making, Yugoslav university and republic leaderships, primarily in SR Croatia and SR Serbia, chose the immediate profits of international students over long-term investments in scholarship students. Internationally, reforms promoted by UNESCO and the World Bank shifted aid away from university training abroad to vocational training in situ. These new policies complemented an emerging international division of labor suited more to the economic interests of OECD states and multinational corporations than developing states.
Socialist in Form, “National” in Content? Art and Ideology in Soviet Tajikistan
Authors: Kluczewska Karolina , Hojieva Niso 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines the nexus between art and its ideological function, both discursively and in practice, in the Soviet socialist republics. Scrutinizing the case of visual monumental art in Soviet Tajikistan in the 1970s and 1980s, it can be seen that the geographical and cultural distance from Moscow, in addition to complex multi-actor and multi-level policy implementation channels, allowed for non-conventional artistic practices to develop in the Soviet periphery. The article highlights the role of local officials and, in particular, artists in re-appropriating the official identity formation process with specific ideas of “nationhood,” religion, and gender relations, while at the same time aspiring to comply with the dominant socialist realism doctrine. It is argued that, contrary to the prominent slogan “socialist in content, national in form,” artworks produced in the Soviet periphery were often socialist in form and “national” in content. While the artists skillfully worked within the monumental art tradition promoted by the state, thus relying on a socialist form, not infrequently the meaning of their works distorted, or even contradicted, the official ideology. Often this subversion was non-deliberate. Ultimately, however, the artworks ended up strengthening an autonomous local agency that policy-makers in Moscow sought to eradicate.