A Roadmap for the Chalcogenide-graphene Composites Formation Under a Glassy Regime
Authors: Singh Abhay Kumar , Jen Tien-Chien 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Nano-composite is an innovative material having nano in which fillers dispersed
in a matrix. Typ-ically, the structure is a matrix- filler combination, where the fillers like
particles, fibers, or fragments are surrounded and bound together as discrete units by the matrix.
The term nano-composite encompasses a wide range of materials right from three dimensional metal
matrix composites to two dimensional lamellar composites. Therefore, the physical, chemical
and biological properties of nano materials differ from the properties of individual atoms and
molecules or bulk matter. The chalcogenide – graphene composites in glassy regime is the growing
novel research topic in the area of composite material science. It is obvious to interpret such materials
different physicochemical mechanism.

Objective:
The key objective of this research work to explore the internal physicochemical mechanism
of the chalcogenide – graphene composites under the glassy regime. Including the prime
chalcogen alloying element selenium amorphous atomic structure and their fullerene like bonding
nature. By accommodating the essential properties of the stacked layers of bilayer graphene. The
diffusion, compression and dispersion of the bilayer graphene in selenium rich ternary (X(1-x-y)-Y(x)-
Z(y) + GF (bilayer graphene); X = Se, Y = Semimetal or metalloid, Z = None metal) alloys under
the complex regime on and after thermal melting process are addressed.

Materials and Methods:
To synthesize the composite materials the well-known melt quenched
method had adopted. More-over, to interpret the amorphous selenium (Se8) chains and rings molecular
structures we had used vista software with an available CIF data file. While to show the
armchair and zig-zag bonds with bilayer graphene structure the nanotube modeler simulation software
has used.

Results:
Outcomes of this study reveals the chalcogenide -graphene nano composite formation under
a glassy regime changes the individual materials structural and other physical properties that is
reflecting in different experimental evi-dences, therefore, the modified theoretical concepts for the
different properties of such composite materials are interpreted in this study.

Discussion:
The dispersion and diffusion of the high stiff graphene bonds in low dimension chalcogen
rich alloys has been interpreted based on their quadric thermal expansion behaviour. In addition
to this, a possible bond angle modification in the formation of X(1-x-y)-Y(x)-
Z(y) + GF composites
are also addressed. To interpret the distinct optical property behavior of the formed X(1-x-y)-Y(x)-
Z(y)
+ GF composites and parent chalcogenide glassy alloys a schematic model of the energy levels is
also addressed.

Conclusion:
To make a better understating on the formation mechanism such composites, the diffusion
and deformation of high stiff graphene σ and π bonds in a low dimension chalcogenide alloy
basic mechanism are discussed on basis of novel “thermonic energy tunneling effect” concept,
which could result in quadratic thermal expansion of graphene. Moreover, the structural unit modifications
of such composite materials are described in terms of their bond angle modifications and
in-fluence of the coordination defects. The energy levels suppression and creation of addition sub
energy levels in such com-posite materials are discussed by adopting the viewpoint impact of the
foreign alloying elements and surface π-plasmonic resonance between the graphene layers in the
honeycomb band structure. Thus, this study has described various basic aspects of the chalcogenide
system – bilayer graphene composites formation under a glassy regime.