bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid, Sensitive, and Specific Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection: A Multicenter Comparison Between Standard Quantitative Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction and CRISPR-Based DETECTR
Authors: Brandsma Eelke , Verhagen Han J M P , van de Laar Thijs J W , Claas Eric C J , Cornelissen Marion , van den Akker Emile 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Recent advances in CRISPR-based diagnostics suggest that DETECTR, a combination of reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and subsequent Cas12 bystander nuclease activation by amplicon-targeting ribonucleoprotein complexes, could be a faster and cheaper alternative to quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) without sacrificing sensitivity and/or specificity.

Methods
In this study, we compare DETECTR with qRT-PCR to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 on 378 patient samples. Patient sample dilution assays suggest a higher analytical sensitivity of DETECTR compared with qRT-PCR; however, this was not confirmed in this large patient cohort, where we report 95% reproducibility between the 2 tests.

Results
These data showed that both techniques are equally sensitive in detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) providing additional value of DETECTR to the currently used qRT-PCR platforms. For DETECTR, different guide ribonucleic acids can be used simultaneously to obviate negative results due to mutations in N-gene. Lateral flow strips, suitable as a point-of-care test, showed a 100% correlation to the high-throughput DETECTR assay. More importantly, DETECTR was 100% specific for SARS-CoV-2 relative to other human coronaviruses.

Conclusions
Because there is no need for specialized equipment, DETECTR could be rapidly implemented as a complementary technically independent approach to qRT-PCR thereby increasing the testing capacity of medical microbiological laboratories and relieving the existent PCR platforms for routine non-SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing.
The effect of electronic audits and feedback in primary care and factors that contribute to their effectiveness: a systematic review
Authors: Van Den Bulck Steve , Spitaels David , Vaes Bert , Goderis Geert , Hermens Rosella , Vankrunkelsven Patrik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this systematic review was (i) to assess whether electronic audit and feedback (A&F) is effective in primary care and (ii) to evaluate important features concerning content and delivery of the feedback in primary care, including the use of benchmarks, the frequency of feedback, the cognitive load of feedback and the evidence-based aspects of the feedback.Data sourcesThe MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and CENTRAL databases were searched for articles published since 2010 by replicating the search strategy used in the last Cochrane review on A&F.Study selectionTwo independent reviewers assessed the records for their eligibility, performed the data extraction and evaluated the risk of bias. Our search resulted in 8744 records, including the 140 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the last Cochrane Review. The full texts of 431 articles were assessed to determine their eligibility. Finally, 29 articles were included.Data extractionTwo independent reviewers extracted standard data, data on the effectiveness and outcomes of the interventions, data on the kind of electronic feedback (static versus interactive) and data on the aforementioned feedback features.Results of data synthesisTwenty-two studies (76%) showed that electronic A&F was effective. All interventions targeting medication safety, preventive medicine, cholesterol management and depression showed an effect. Approximately 70% of the included studies used benchmarks and high-quality evidence in the content of the feedback. In almost half of the studies, the cognitive load of feedback was not reported. Due to high heterogeneity in the results, no meta-analysis was performed.ConclusionThis systematic review included 29 articles examining electronic A&F interventions in primary care, and 76% of the interventions were effective. Our findings suggest electronic A&F is effective in primary care for different conditions such as medication safety and preventive medicine. Some of the benefits of electronic A&F include its scalability and the potential to be cost effective. The use of benchmarks as comparators and feedback based on high-quality evidence are widely used and important features of electronic feedback in primary care. However, other important features such as the cognitive load of feedback and the frequency of feedback provision are poorly described in the design of many electronic A&F intervention, indicating that a better description or implementation of these features is needed. Developing a framework or methodology for automated A&F interventions in primary care could be useful for future research.
Lessons Learned From Two Survivors of Greater Than 90% TBSA Full-Thickness Burn Injuries Using NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix™ and Autologous Skin Cell Suspension, RECELL™: A Case Series
Authors: Malkoc Aldin , Wong David T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Since autologous split-thickness skin grafts are scarce and lab skin growth requires a significant amount of time, there are limited available treatment approaches for patients with full-thickness burns greater than 90% TBSA. Additionally, to achieve the primary goal of skin coverage and resuscitation, there must exist a balance between fluid loss and metabolic derangement. Allografts and xenografts have traditionally been used early in the process to achieve these goals. Currently, novel approaches to treatment consider the additional use of synthetic dermal substitutes and autologous skin cell suspension to improve outcomes. This case series describes the treatment course of patients with greater than 90% TBSA full-thickness burn injuries using a staged, multifaceted approach of using NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix™ as the primary dermal substitute in conjunction with a RECELL™ Autologous Cell Suspensions Device applied with autograft and allograft to achieve improved resuscitation, limiting fluid loss, and finally skin coverage. Allograft and NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporizing Matrix™ were used early to cover excised burns, resulting in improved metabolic control by limiting the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and fluid loss. Both patients survived using this approach.
Framing and legitimating EU legal regulation of human gene-editing technologies: key facets and functions of an imaginary
Authors: Mahalatchimy Aurélie , Lau Pin Lean , Li Phoebe , Flear Mark L 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Gene-editing technologies, ie those able to make changes in the DNA of an organism, are the object of global competition and a regulatory race between countries and regions. There is an attempt to craft legal frameworks protective enough for users, but flexible enough for developers of gene-editing technologies. This article examines the imaginary built into the framing of EU-level legal regulation of human gene-editing technologies and identifies its three key related facets: the tension around naturalness; safeguarding morality and ethics; and the pursuit of medical objectives for the protection of human health. Concerns around the use of gene-editing technologies in relation to eugenics and human enhancement have produced a multifaceted imaginary. We argue that this imaginary not only places a limit on EU-level regulation, despite a strong EU competence in respect of the internal market, but also seeks to ensure its legitimation.
Incidental finding of heterotopic supradiaphragmatic liver
Authors: Jhamb Shaurya , Pillai Harshil , Maguire Christopher , Palamuthusingam Pranavan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Here we describe a case of heterotopic, supradiaphragmatic liver in a 65-year-old woman who was referred for investigation of a soft tissue gallbladder mass. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder and supradiaphragmatic accessory liver tissue. This is a remarkably rare normal variant.
Acute appendicitis located within Amyand’s hernia—a complex case with concurrent acute cholecystitis
Authors: O’Connor Adam , John Fallon , Sabri Shariq 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Amyand’s hernia is the presence of the vermiform appendix within an inguinal hernia sac. It is rare, and even rarer is the presence of acute appendicitis within the sac. It presents in a variety of different ways and often is only diagnosed intra-operatively. We present the case of a 90 year old male with extensive co-morbidities presenting with right upper quadrant pain, who on computed tomography scan of the abdomen, had acute cholecystitis alongside acute appendicitis within Amyand’s hernia. Ultimately given his co-morbidities, a conservative approach with prolonged antibiotic therapy was adopted, with a successful outcome. This case highlights that although classifications for treatment of Amyand’s hernia exist, careful clinical assessment is warranted in each case to ensure optimal outcome based upon individual circumstances.
Diagnostic accuracy of non-contact infrared thermometers and thermal scanners: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Nishant , Garg Mohil , Dwarakanathan Vignesh , Gautam Nitesh , Kumar Swasthi S , Jadon Ranveer Singh , Gupta Mohak , Ray Animesh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInfrared thermal screening, via the use of handheld non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) and thermal scanners, has been widely implemented all over the world. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate its diagnostic accuracy for the detection of fever. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, medRxiv, bioRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset, COVID-19 research database, Epistemonikos, EPPI-Centre, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Scopus and Web of Science databases for studies where a non-contact infrared device was used to detect fever against a reference standard of conventional thermometers. Forest plots and Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristics curves were used to describe the pooled summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio. From a total of 1063 results, 30 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 19 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.808 (95%CI 0.656–0.903) and 0.920 (95%CI 0.769–0.975), respectively, for the NCITs (using forehead as the site of measurement), and 0.818 (95%CI 0.758–0.866) and 0.923 (95%CI 0.823–0.969), respectively, for thermal scanners. The sensitivity of NCITs increased on use of rectal temperature as the reference. The sensitivity of thermal scanners decreased in a disease outbreak/pandemic setting. Changes approaching statistical significance were also observed on the exclusion of neonates from the analysis. Thermal screening had a low positive predictive value, especially at the initial stage of an outbreak, whereas the negative predictive value (NPV) continued to be high even at later stages. Thermal screening has reasonable diagnostic accuracy in the detection of fever, although it may vary with changes in subject characteristics, setting, index test and the reference standard used. Thermal screening has a good NPV even during a pandemic. The policymakers must take into consideration the factors surrounding the screening strategy while forming ad-hoc guidelines.
The influence of line opacity treatment in stella on supernova light curves
Authors: Kozyreva Alexandra , Shingles Luke , Mironov Alexey , Baklanov Petr , Blinnikov Sergey 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We systematically explore the effect of the treatment of line opacity on supernova light curves. We find that it is important to consider line opacity for both scattering and absorption (i.e. thermalization, which mimics the effect of fluorescence). We explore the impact of the degree of thermalization on three major types of supernovae: Type Ia, Type II-peculiar, and Type II-plateau. For this we use the radiative transfer code stella and analyse broad-band light curves in the context of simulations done with the spectral synthesis code artis and in the context of a few examples of observed supernovae of each type. We found that the plausible range for the ratio between absorption and scattering in the radiation hydrodynamics code stella is (0.8–1):(0.2–0), i.e. the recommended thermalization parameter is 0.9.
Helicity in the large-scale Galactic magnetic field
Authors: West J L , Henriksen R N , Ferrière K , Woodfinden A , Jaffe T , Gaensler B M , Irwin J A 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We search for observational signatures of magnetic helicity in data from all-sky radio polarization surveys of the Milky Way Galaxy. Such a detection would help confirm the dynamo origin of the field and may provide new observational constraints for its shape. We compare our observational results to simulated observations for both a simple helical field, and for a more complex field that comes from a solution to the dynamo equation. Our simulated observations show that the large-scale helicity of a magnetic field is reflected in the large-scale structure of the fractional polarization derived from the observed synchrotron radiation and Faraday depth of the diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission. Comparing the models with the observations provides evidence for the presence of a quadrupolar magnetic field with a vertical component that is pointing away from the observer in both hemispheres of the Milky Way Galaxy. Since there is no reason to believe that the Galactic magnetic field is unusual when compared to other galaxies, this result provides further support for the dynamo origin of large-scale magnetic fields in galaxies.
The completed SDSS-IV extended baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey: geometry and growth from the anisotropic void–galaxy correlation function in the luminous red galaxy sample
Authors: Nadathur Seshadri , Woodfinden Alex , Percival Will J , Aubert Marie , Bautista Julian , Dawson Kyle , Escoffier Stéphanie , Fromenteau Sebastien , Gil-Marín Héctor , Rich James , Ross Ashley J , Rossi Graziano , Magaña Mariana Vargas , Brownstein Joel R , Schneider Donald P 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the anisotropic redshift-space void–galaxy correlation in configuration space using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 16 luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample. This sample consists of LRGs between redshifts 0.6 and 1.0, combined with the high redshift z &gt; 0.6 tail of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 12 CMASS sample. We use a reconstruction method to undo redshift-space distortion (RSD) effects from the galaxy field before applying a watershed void-finding algorithm to remove bias from the void selection. We then perform a joint fit to the multipole moments of the correlation function for the growth rate fσ8 and the geometrical distance ratio DM/DH, finding $f\sigma _8(z_\rm {eff})=0.356\pm 0.079$ and $D_M/D_H(z_\rm {eff})=0.868\pm 0.017$ at the effective redshift $z_\rm {eff}=0.69$ of the sample. The posterior parameter degeneracies are orthogonal to those from galaxy clustering analyses applied to the same data, and the constraint achieved on DM/DH is significantly tighter. In combination with the consensus galaxy BAO and full-shape analyses of the same sample, we obtain fσ8 = 0.447 ± 0.039, DM/rd = 17.48 ± 0.23, and DH/rd = 20.10 ± 0.34. These values are in good agreement with the ΛCDM model predictions and represent reductions in the uncertainties of $13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, $23{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, and $28{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, respectively, compared to the combined results from galaxy clustering, or an overall reduction of 55 per cent in the allowed volume of parameter space.
Magnetic quadri-dipolar stars rotating in vacuum
Authors: Pétri J 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Main-sequence stars and compact objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars are usually embedded in magnetic fields that strongly deviate from a pure dipole located right at the stellar centre. An off-centred dipole can sometimes better adjust existing data and offer a simple geometric picture to include multipolar fields. However, such configurations are usually to restrictive, limiting multipolar components to strength less than the underlying dipole. In this paper, we consider the most general lowest order multipolar combination given by a dipole and a quadrupole magnetic field association in vacuum. Following the general formalism for multipolar field computations, we derive the full electromagnetic field outside a rotating quadridipole. Exact analytical expressions for the Poynting flux and the electromagnetic kick are given. Such geometry is useful to study the magnetosphere of neutron stars for which more and more compelling observations reveals hints for at least quadridipolar fields. We also show that for sufficiently high quadrupole components at the stellar surface, the electromagnetic kick imprinted to a neutron star can reach thousands of km s−1 for a millisecond period at birth.
Doppler profiles of the interacting contact binary W Corvi
Authors: Eaton Joel A , Odell Andrew P , Nitschelm Christian 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We use spectra from 2011 and 2012 to investigate the distribution of local effective temperature and non-orbital velocity over the surface of the common envelope of this peculiar contact binary. There seems to be a hot surface flow from the more massive to the less massive (secondary) component, possibly equatorial, which extends roughly one quarter-way around both sides of that secondary star, corresponding to the hotspot postulated to explain the star’s light-curve peculiarities. This feature is clear in the shape of the profiles of metallic lines, but it shows up in H α/H β profiles, as well. The profiles imply small flow velocities in contrast to those detected in some A-type W UMa systems, less than a few km s−1 for the primary but indeterminate for the secondary. We also classify the star’s spectrum (G1-2 V) and present more radial velocities confirming the Ruciński–Lu radial-velocity solution.
The 2019 Hong Kong Protests: A Role for Historical Sociology
Authors: Newburn Tim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article responds to Stott et al.’s ‘Patterns of disorder in the 2019 protests in Hong Kong’. In that paper, they offer a social psychological analysis of the Hong Kong events and, in so doing, draw upon the ‘Elaborated Social Identity Model’, and deploy it as the basis for understanding the escalating tensions and violence that occurred through 2019. This model has a number of positive features, not least that it foregrounds rationality and the organized and purposive nature of collective conduct while also paying careful attention to the wider context in which identity within large groups is formed and reformed. The aim in this article is simply to point to the importance of situating such an account within a wider historical sociology, in particular, considering the longer-term ‘life-cycle’ of riot and violent protest. Utilizing Sewell’s notion of ‘events’, the article seeks to point to the ways in which such signal phenomena may be considered to have laid the foundations for at least elements of what occurred subsequently. Such an approach provides a basis within which the growth of Hong Kong’s localism may be situated, as well as offering a longer-term context for understanding the rapidly shifting position occupied by Hong Kong’s police.
‘Race’ and Resistance to Policing Before the ‘Windrush Years’: The Colonial Defence Committee and the Liverpool ‘Race Riots’ of 1948
Authors: Fevre Christopher 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Between 31 July and 2 August 1948, Liverpool experienced three nights of racial violence on a scale not witnessed since the end of the First World War. Despite being initiated by white rioters, the so-called ‘race riots’ of 1948 were more significant in terms of the relationship between the police and Liverpool’s black population. Previous studies have sought to understand why and what happened during the riots; however, there has been little analysis of the aftermath. This article looks specifically at how black people responded to the ‘race riots’ in 1948 and argues that this episode led to a period of heightened political activity at a local and national level centred around the issue of policing. It focusses on the Colonial Defence Committee (CDC) that was formed immediately after the riots to organize the legal defence of individuals believed to have been wrongfully arrested. In its structure and organizational methods, the CDC represented a prototype of the defence committees that became a hallmark of black political opposition to policing during the 1970s and 1980s. Examining the aftermath of the Liverpool ‘race riots’ in 1948, thus, offers new perspectives on the historical development of black political resistance to policing in twentieth-century Britain. On the one hand, it reveals a longer history of struggle against racially discriminatory policing, which predates the ‘Windrush years’ migration of the 1950s and early 1960s. It also highlights the historical continuities in the way that black resistance to policing manifested itself over the twentieth century.
Longitudinal Course of Depressive, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms After Heart Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of 94 Studies
Authors: Rosson Stella , Monaco Francesco , Miola Alessandro , Cascino Giammarco , Stubbs Brendon , Correll Christoph U. , Firth Joseph , Ermis Cagatay , Perrotti Andrea , Marciello Francesca , Carvalho Andrè F. , Brunoni Andre R. , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Fornaro Michele , Gentile Giovanni , Granziol Umberto , Pigato Giorgio , Favaro Angela , Solmi Marco 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to analyze the longitudinal course of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in patients with cardiac disease after heart surgery (HS).

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of cohort studies in patients undergoing HS, measuring anxiety, depressive, and PTSD symptoms before and at least 30 days thereafter. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses, investigation of publication bias, and quality assessment were undertaken.

Results
We included 94 studies relating to 15,561 patients. HS included coronary artery bypass graft surgery, valve replacement, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement, left ventricular assist device placement, heart transplantation, and other types of HS. Across studies, symptoms of depression (g = 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25 to 0.39; p < .001) and anxiety improved after HS (g = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.62; p < .001), whereas PTSD symptoms worsened (g = −0.42; 95% CI = −0.80 to −0.04; p = .032). The reduction of depression and anxiety levels was more pronounced for patients with underlying coronary artery disease and heart failure and persisted for 1 year after HS, whereas the increase in PTSD symptoms returned to baseline after 6 months. Depression improvement was inversely associated with older age, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia and positively with baseline heart failure. No additional clinical or demographic variables were associated with the course of anxiety symptoms. Quality of included studies was low overall. Publication bias was nonsignificant.

Conclusions
Depressive and anxiety symptoms improve for 1 year after HS, whereas PTSD symptoms might worsen. Older patients and those with metabolic comorbidities, valve disease, or ventricular arrhythmias are at higher risk for continued depressive and anxiety symptoms and should be monitored closely.