bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of long-term cancer-related distress among female BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers without a cancer diagnosis: an international analysis
Authors:   Kathleen Cunningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer, Metcalfe Kelly A. , Price Melanie A. , Mansfield Carol , Hallett David C. , Lindeman Geoffrey J. , Fairchild Angie , Posner Joshua , Friedman Sue , Snyder Carrie , Lynch Henry T. , Evans D. Gareth , Narod Steven A. , Liede Alexander 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation have high lifetime risks of developing breast and ovarian cancers. We sought to estimate the prevalence of cancer-related distress and to identify predictors of distress in an international sample of unaffected women with a BRCA mutation.

Methods
Women with a BRCA1/2 mutation and no previous cancer diagnosis were recruited from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and from a national advocacy group. Using an online survey, we asked about cancer risk reduction options and screening, and we measured cancer-related distress using the Impact of Event Scale.

Results
Among 576 respondents, mean age was 40.8 years (SD = 8.1). On average 4.9 years after a positive test result, 16.3% of women reported moderate-to-severe cancer-related distress. Women who had undergone risk-reducing breast and ovarian surgery were less likely to have (moderate or severe) cancer-related distress compared to other women (22.0% versus 11.4%, P value = 0.007). Women recruited from the advocacy group were more likely to have cancer-related distress than other women (21.6% versus 5.3%, P value = 0.002).

Conclusions
Approximately 16% of women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation experience distress levels comparable to those of women after a cancer diagnosis. Distress was lower for women who had risk-reducing surgery.
Extracellular vesicles from human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells promote cardiac infarct healing through reducing cardiomyocyte death and promoting angiogenesis
Authors: Wu Qiang , Wang Jinxi , Tan Wilson Lek Wen , Jiang Yun , Wang Shihui , Li Qiang , Yu Xiujian , Tan Jiliang , Liu Shenyan , Zhang Peng , Tiang Zenia , Chen Zhongyan , Foo Roger Sik-Yin , Yang Huang-Tian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs)-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) are a promising source for myocardial repair, while the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to mediate cell–cell communication, however, the efficacy and mechanisms of hPSC-CVPC-secreted EVs (hCVPC-EVs) in the infarct healing when given at the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) are unknown. Here, we report the cardioprotective effects of the EVs secreted from hESC-CVPCs under normoxic (EV-N) and hypoxic (EV-H) conditions in the infarcted heart and the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-related mechanisms. The hCVPC-EVs were confirmed by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and immunoblotting analysis. Injection of hCVPC-EVs into acutely infracted murine myocardium significantly improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis at day 28 post MI, accompanied with the improved vascularization and cardiomyocyte survival at border zones. Consistently, hCVPC-EVs enhanced the tube formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), improved the cell viability, and attenuated the lactate dehydrogenase release of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. Moreover, the improvement of the EV-H in cardiomyocyte survival and tube formation of HUVECs was significantly better than these in the EV-N. RNA-seq analysis revealed a high abundance of the lncRNA MALAT1 in the EV-H. Its abundance was upregulated in the infarcted myocardium and cardiomyocytes treated with hCVPC-EVs. Overexpression of human MALAT1 improved the cell viability of NRCM with OGD injury, while knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited the hCVPC-EV-promoted tube formation of HUVECs. Furthermore, luciferase activity assay, RNA pull-down, and manipulation of miR-497 levels showed that MALAT1 improved NRCMs survival and HUVEC tube formation through targeting miR-497. These results reveal that hCVPC-EVs promote the infarct healing through improvement of cardiomyocyte survival and angiogenesis. The cardioprotective effects of hCVPC-EVs can be enhanced by hypoxia-conditioning of hCVPCs and are partially contributed by MALAT1 via targeting the miRNA.
Deciphering exciton-generation processes in quantum-dot electroluminescence
Authors: Deng Yunzhou , Lin Xing , Fang Wei , Di Dawei , Wang Linjun , Friend Richard H. , Peng Xiaogang , Jin Yizheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectroluminescence of colloidal nanocrystals promises a new generation of high-performance and solution-processable light-emitting diodes. The operation of nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes relies on the radiative recombination of electrically generated excitons. However, a fundamental question—how excitons are electrically generated in individual nanocrystals—remains unanswered. Here, we reveal a nanoscopic mechanism of sequential electron-hole injection for exciton generation in nanocrystal-based electroluminescent devices. To decipher the corresponding elementary processes, we develop electrically-pumped single-nanocrystal spectroscopy. While hole injection into neutral quantum dots is generally considered to be inefficient, we find that the intermediate negatively charged state of quantum dots triggers confinement-enhanced Coulomb interactions, which simultaneously accelerate hole injection and hinder excessive electron injection. In-situ/operando spectroscopy on state-of-the-art quantum-dot light-emitting diodes demonstrates that exciton generation at the ensemble level is consistent with the charge-confinement-enhanced sequential electron-hole injection mechanism probed at the single-nanocrystal level. Our findings provide a universal mechanism for enhancing charge balance in nanocrystal-based electroluminescent devices.
Budding yeast complete DNA synthesis after chromosome segregation begins
Authors: Ivanova Tsvetomira , Maier Michael , Missarova Alsu , Ziegler-Birling Céline , Dam Monica , Gomar-Alba Mercè , Carey Lucas B. , Mendoza Manuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo faithfully transmit genetic information, cells must replicate their entire genome before division. This is thought to be ensured by the temporal separation of replication and chromosome segregation. Here we show that in 20–40% of unperturbed yeast cells, DNA synthesis continues during anaphase, late in mitosis. High cyclin-Cdk activity inhibits DNA synthesis in metaphase, and the decrease in cyclin-Cdk activity during mitotic exit allows DNA synthesis to finish at subtelomeric and some difficult-to-replicate regions. DNA synthesis during late mitosis correlates with elevated mutation rates at subtelomeric regions, including copy number variation. Thus, yeast cells temporally overlap DNA synthesis and chromosome segregation during normal growth, possibly allowing cells to maximize population-level growth rate while simultaneously exploring greater genetic space.
Intradecadal variations in length of day and their correspondence with geomagnetic jerks
Authors: Duan Pengshuo , Huang Chengli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEarth’s core oscillations and magnetic field inside the liquid outer core cannot be observed directly from the surface, we can infer these information from the intradecadal variations in Earth’s rotation rate defined by length of day. However, the fine time-varying characteristics as well as relevant mechanisms of the intradecadal variations are still unclear. Here we report that the intradecadal variations present a significant 8.6-year harmonic component with an unexpected increasing phenomenon, besides a 6-year decreasing oscillation. More importantly, we find that there is a very good correspondence between the extremes of the 8.6-year oscillation with geomagnetic jerks. The fast equatorial waves with subdecadal periods propagating at Earth’s core surface may explain the origin of this 8.6-year oscillation.
Phagosomal removal of fungal melanin reprograms macrophage metabolism to promote antifungal immunity
Authors: Gonçalves Samuel M. , Duarte-Oliveira Cláudio , Campos Cláudia F. , Aimanianda Vishukumar , ter Horst Rob , Leite Luis , Mercier Toine , Pereira Paulo , Fernández-García Miguel , Antunes Daniela , Rodrigues Cláudia S. , Barbosa-Matos Catarina , Gaifem Joana , Mesquita Inês , Marques António , Osório Nuno S. , Torrado Egídio , Rodrigues Fernando , Costa Sandra , Joosten Leo AB. , Lagrou Katrien , Maertens Johan , Lacerda João F. , Campos António , Brown Gordon D. , Brakhage Axel A. , Barbas Coral , Silvestre Ricardo , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Chamilos Georgios , Netea Mihai G. , Latgé Jean-Paul , Cunha Cristina , Carvalho Agostinho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn response to infection, macrophages adapt their metabolism rapidly to enhance glycolysis and fuel specialized antimicrobial effector functions. Here we show that fungal melanin is an essential molecule required for the metabolic rewiring of macrophages during infection with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Using pharmacological and genetic tools, we reveal a molecular link between calcium sequestration by melanin inside the phagosome and induction of glycolysis required for efficient innate immune responses. By remodeling the intracellular calcium machinery and impairing signaling via calmodulin, melanin drives an immunometabolic signaling axis towards glycolysis with activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) and phagosomal recruitment of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These data demonstrate a pivotal mechanism in the immunometabolic regulation of macrophages during fungal infection and highlight the metabolic repurposing of immune cells as a potential therapeutic strategy.
Stable mid-infrared polarization imaging based on quasi-2D tellurium at room temperature
Authors: Tong Lei , Huang Xinyu , Wang Peng , Ye Lei , Peng Meng , An Licong , Sun Qiaodong , Zhang Yong , Yang Guoming , Li Zheng , Zhong Fang , Wang Fang , Wang Yixiu , Motlag Maithilee , Wu Wenzhuo , Cheng Gary J. , Hu Weida 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNext-generation polarized mid-infrared imaging systems generally requires miniaturization, integration, flexibility, good workability at room temperature and in severe environments, etc. Emerging two-dimensional materials provide another route to meet these demands, due to the ease of integrating on complex structures, their native in-plane anisotropy crystal structure for high polarization photosensitivity, and strong quantum confinement for excellent photodetecting performances at room temperature. However, polarized infrared imaging under scattering based on 2D materials has yet to be realized. Here we report the systematic investigation of polarized infrared imaging for a designed target obscured by scattering media using an anisotropic tellurium photodetector. Broadband sensitive photoresponse is realized at room temperature, with excellent stability without degradation under ambient atmospheric conditions. Significantly, a large anisotropic ratio of tellurium ensures polarized imaging in a scattering environment, with the degree of linear polarization over 0.8, opening up possibilities for developing next-generation polarized mid-infrared imaging technology.
Single-step manufacturing of hierarchical dielectric metalens in the visible
Authors: Yoon Gwanho , Kim Kwan , Huh Daihong , Lee Heon , Rho Junsuk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetalenses have shown a number of promising functionalities that are comparable with conventional refractive lenses. However, current metalenses are still far from commercialization due to the formidable fabrication costs. Here, we demonstrate a low-cost dielectric metalens that works in the visible spectrum. The material of the metalens consists of a matrix-inclusion composite in which a hierarchy satisfies two requirements for the single-step fabrication; a high refractive index and a pattern-transfer capability. We use a UV-curable resin as a matrix to enable direct pattern replication by the composite, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as inclusions to increase the refractive index of the composite. Therefore, such a dielectric metalens can be fabricated with a single step of UV nanoimprint lithography. An experimental demonstration of the nanoparticle composite-based metalens validates the feasibility of our approach and capability for future applications. Our method allows rapid replication of metalenses repeatedly and thereby provides an advance toward the use of metalenses on a commercial scale.
NHC-Ni catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of 1,4-dienes by cross-hydroalkenylation of cyclic 1,3-dienes and heterosubstituted terminal olefins
Authors: Chen Yang , Dang Liang , Ho Chun-Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnantioenriched 1,4-dienes are versatile building blocks in asymmetric synthesis, therefore their efficient synthesis directly from chemical feedstock is highly sought after. Here, we show an enantioselective cross-hydroalkenylation of cyclic 1,3-diene and hetero-substituted terminal olefin by using a chiral [NHC-Ni(allyl)]BArF catalyst. Using a structurally flexible chiral C2 NHC-Ni design is key to access a broad scope of chiral 1,4-diene 3 or 3′ with high enantioselectivity. This study also offers insights on how to regulate chiral C2 NHC-Ni(II) 1,3-allylic shift on cyclic diene 1 and to build sterically more hindered endocyclic chiral allylic structures on demand.
Electrochemically mediated carbon dioxide separation with quinone chemistry in salt-concentrated aqueous media
Authors: Liu Yayuan , Ye Hong-Zhou , Diederichsen Kyle M. , Van Voorhis Troy , Hatton T. Alan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarbon capture is essential for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions. Compared to conventional chemical scrubbing, electrochemically mediated carbon capture utilizing redox-active sorbents such as quinones is emerging as a more versatile and economical alternative. However, the practicality of such systems is hindered by the requirement of toxic, flammable organic electrolytes or often costly ionic liquids. Herein, we demonstrate that rationally designed aqueous electrolytes with high salt concentration can effectively resolve the incompatibility between aqueous environments and quinone electrochemistry for carbon capture, eliminating the safety, toxicity, and at least partially the cost concerns in previous studies. Salt-concentrated aqueous media also offer distinct advantages including extended electrochemical window, high carbon dioxide activity, significantly reduced evaporative loss and material dissolution, and importantly, greatly suppressed competing reactions including under simulated flue gas. Correspondingly, we achieve continuous carbon capture-release operations with outstanding capacity, stability, efficiency and electrokinetics, advancing electrochemical carbon separation further towards practical applications.
Predicting the global mammalian viral sharing network using phylogeography
Authors: Albery Gregory F. , Eskew Evan A. , Ross Noam , Olival Kevin J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding interspecific viral transmission is key to understanding viral ecology and evolution, disease spillover into humans, and the consequences of global change. Prior studies have uncovered macroecological drivers of viral sharing, but analyses have never attempted to predict viral sharing in a pan-mammalian context. Using a conservative modelling framework, we confirm that host phylogenetic similarity and geographic range overlap are strong, nonlinear predictors of viral sharing among species across the entire mammal class. Using these traits, we predict global viral sharing patterns of 4196 mammal species and show that our simulated network successfully predicts viral sharing and reservoir host status using internal validation and an external dataset. We predict high rates of mammalian viral sharing in the tropics, particularly among rodents and bats, and within- and between-order sharing differed geographically and taxonomically. Our results emphasize the importance of ecological and phylogenetic factors in shaping mammalian viral communities, and provide a robust, general model to predict viral host range and guide pathogen surveillance and conservation efforts.
ABCG2 transports anticancer drugs via a closed-to-open switch
Authors: Orlando Benjamin J. , Liao Maofu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractABCG2 is an ABC transporter that extrudes a variety of compounds from cells, and presents an obstacle in treating chemotherapy-resistant cancers. Despite recent structural insights, no anticancer drug bound to ABCG2 has been resolved, and the mechanisms of multidrug transport remain obscure. Such a gap of knowledge limits the development of novel compounds that block or evade this critical molecular pump. Here we present single-particle cryo-EM studies of ABCG2 in the apo state, and bound to the three structurally distinct chemotherapeutics. Without the binding of conformation-selective antibody fragments or inhibitors, the resting ABCG2 adopts a closed conformation. Our cryo-EM, biochemical, and functional analyses reveal the binding mode of three chemotherapeutic compounds, demonstrate how these molecules open the closed conformation of the transporter, and establish that imatinib is particularly effective in stabilizing the inward facing conformation of ABCG2. Together these studies reveal the previously unrecognized conformational cycle of ABCG2.
Distinct fate, dynamics and niches of renal macrophages of bone marrow or embryonic origins
Authors: Liu Fengming , Dai Shen , Feng Dechun , Qin Zhongnan , Peng Xiao , Sakamuri Siva S. V. P. , Ren Mi , Huang Li , Cheng Min , Mohammad Kabir E. , Qu Ping , Chen Yong , Zhao Chunling , Zhu Faliang , Liang Shujian , Aktas Bertal H. , Yang Xiaofeng , Wang Hong , Katakam Prasad V. G. , Busija David W. , Fischer Tracy , Datta Prasun K. , Rappaport Jay , Gao Bin , Qin Xuebin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRenal macrophages (RMs) participate in tissue homeostasis, inflammation and repair. RMs consist of embryo-derived (EMRMs) and bone marrow-derived RMs (BMRMs), but the fate, dynamics, replenishment, functions and metabolic states of these two RM populations remain unclear. Here we investigate and characterize RMs at different ages by conditionally labeling and ablating RMs populations in several transgenic lines. We find that RMs expand and mature in parallel with renal growth after birth, and are mainly derived from fetal liver monocytes before birth, but self-maintain through adulthood with contribution from peripheral monocytes. Moreover, after the RMs niche is emptied, peripheral monocytes rapidly differentiate into BMRMs, with the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 signaling axis being essential for the maintenance and regeneration of both EMRMs and BMRMs. Lastly, we show that EMRMs have a higher capacity for scavenging immune complex, and are more sensitive to immune challenge than BMRMs, with this difference associated with their distinct glycolytic capacities.
Systematically optimized BCMA/CS1 bispecific CAR-T cells robustly control heterogeneous multiple myeloma
Authors: Zah Eugenia , Nam Eunwoo , Bhuvan Vinya , Tran Uyen , Ji Brenda Y. , Gosliner Stanley B. , Wang Xiuli , Brown Christine E. , Chen Yvonne Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has shown remarkable clinical efficacy against B-cell malignancies, yet marked vulnerability to antigen escape and tumor relapse exists. Here we report the rational design and optimization of bispecific CAR-T cells with robust activity against heterogeneous multiple myeloma (MM) that is resistant to conventional CAR-T cell therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). We demonstrate that BCMA/CS1 bispecific CAR-T cells exhibit superior CAR expression and function compared to T cells that co-express individual BCMA and CS1 CARs. Combination therapy with anti–PD-1 antibody further accelerates the rate of initial tumor clearance in vivo, while CAR-T cell treatment alone achieves durable tumor-free survival even upon tumor re-challenge. Taken together, the BCMA/CS1 bispecific CAR presents a promising treatment approach to prevent antigen escape in CAR-T cell therapy against MM, and the vertically integrated optimization process can be used to develop robust cell-based therapy against novel disease targets.
Influence of tectonics on global scale distribution of geological methane emissions
Authors: Ciotoli Giancarlo , Procesi Monia , Etiope Giuseppe , Fracassi Umberto , Ventura Guido 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEarth’s hydrocarbon degassing through gas-oil seeps, mud volcanoes and diffuse microseepage is a major natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. While carbon dioxide degassing is typically associated with extensional tectonics, volcanoes, and geothermal areas, CH4 seepage mostly occurs in petroleum-bearing sedimentary basins, but the role of tectonics in degassing is known only for some case studies at local scale. Here, we perform a global scale geospatial analysis to assess how the presence of hydrocarbon fields, basin geodynamics and the type of faults control CH4 seepage. Combining georeferenced data of global inventories of onshore seeps, faults, sedimentary basins, petroleum fields and heat flow, we find that hydrocarbon seeps prevail in petroleum fields within convergent basins with heat flow ≤ 98 mW m−2, and along any type of brittle tectonic structure, mostly in reverse fault settings. Areas potentially hosting additional seeps and microseepage are identified through a global seepage favourability model.
Promising peak flow diary compliance with an electronic peak flow meter and linked smartphone app
Authors: Antalffy Thomas , De Simoni Anna , Griffiths Chris J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring is recommended in the management of asthma. However, compliance is poor, and this is often attributed to the burden of measurement and recording. The Smart Peak Flow (SPF) device and app allow self-measuring and self-monitoring of PEF. Compliance with self-monitoring was promising in 399 UK users, calling for research to confirm these results and explore its potential as an intervention to improve self-monitoring.
Traumatic life experiences and religiosity in eight countries
Authors: Jong Jonathan , Baimel Adam , Ross Robert , McKay Ryan , Bluemke Matthias , Halberstadt Jamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present two datasets from a project about the relationship between traumatic life experiences and religiosity. These include data from 1,754 individuals in the United States (n = 322), Brazil (n = 205), China (n = 202), India (n = 205), Indonesia (n = 205), Russia (n = 205), Thailand (n = 205), and Turkey (n = 205). Surveys were consistent across samples: they include measures of traumatic life experiences, negative affective traits, existential security, life satisfaction, death anxiety, and various religious beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours. Psychometric evaluations of measures of supernatural belief and death anxiety were conducted.