bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agronomic Characteristics and Productivity and Oil Content of Canola Crop as a Function of Poultry Litter Use
Authors: Cequinatto Corvalan Daronch Ana Gabriela , C. T. da Costa Antonio , Carmo Lana Maria do , Duarte Júnior José B. , Araújo Barbosa Jaqueline de 
Published: January 2020

Aims: Poultry litter is an organic residue that can be used as fertilizer for crops such as canola that require high nutrient demand. The objective of this research was to evaluate agronomic characteristics, productivity and oil content of canola crop as a function of poultry litter use.
Study Design: The experiment was conducted in the field in a randomized block design with 4 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out in a property in the city of Serranópolis do Iguaçu, state of Paraná, between May and September, 2016.
Methodology: The treatments were the doses of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 t ha-1 of poultry litter from 6 lots of broiler chickens production. Hyola 433 hybrid was used. Sowing was performed on May 6 and harvest on September 30, totaling a 145-day-cycle. The row spacing used was 0.5 m, resulting in a density of 400 thousand plants ha-1.
Results: In canola cultivation the poultry manure fertilization does not affected the leaf N and K contents, plant height, number of grains per silica, number of silica per plant and thousand grain mass. The leaf P content increased from the 16 t ha-1 as the doses increase. The highest yield (2.5 t ha-1) and the highest oil content (43.2%) were obtained with the 8 t ha-1 dose.
Conclusion: In conclusion the canola fertilized with poultry litter was significant for some variables and for the productivity and quantity of oil in the treatment of v) 8 t ha-1 and vi) 16 t ha-1 for phosphorus content in leaf tissue.
It is also concluded that high doses of poultry litter doses not provide increase in canola crop variables.
Atomic Force Microscope‐Based Meniscus‐Confined Three‐Dimensional Electrodeposition
Authors: Eliyahu David , Gileadi Eliezer , Galun Ehud , Eliaz Noam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of a 3D electrochemical deposition system, which combines meniscus‐confined electrodeposition (MCED) with atomic force microscope (AFM) closed‐loop control and has a submicron resolution, is described. Thanks to the high rigidity of the hollow borosilicate glass (or quartz) tip and quartz crystal tuning fork (QTF), combined with the QTF's high force sensitivity, the use of a solution‐filled AFM tip in air is successful. The AFM control enables full automation and in situ growth control. Using this scheme, 3D printing of high‐quality, fully dense, uniform and exceptionally smooth, freestanding straight and overhang pure polycrystalline copper pillars, with diameters ranging from 1.5 µm to 250 nm, and an aspect ratio > 100, is demonstrated. This process may be useful for manufacturing of high‐frequency terahertz antennas, high‐density interconnects, precision sensors, micro‐ and nano‐electromechanical systems, batteries, and fuel cells, as well as for repair or modification of existing micro‐sized or nano‐sized features.
Butterfly Wing Inspired High Performance Infrared Detection with Spectral Selectivity
Authors: Shen Qingchen , Ma Shuai , Luo Zhen , An Shun , He Jiaqing , Zhang Ruoxi , Tao Peng , Song Chengyi , Wu Jianbo , Potyrailo Radislav A. , Deng Tao , Shang Wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work explores an alternative infrared (IR) detection mechanism that is based on the desorption of vapor molecules from the Morpho butterfly nanostructures under the stimulation of incoming IR photons, and demonstrates the use of such stimulated desorption for both broadband and wavelength selective IR detection. Compared to the structural deformation‐based IR detection using the Morpho nanostructures, this detection mechanism enables more than an order of magnitude of improvement in both the response of relative reflectance and also the signal‐to‐noise ratio at the maximum heat‐sink‐free response speed. The stimulated desorption also provides the opportunity to achieve the wavelength selective IR detection due to the wavelength selective IR absorption of the adsorbed molecules. With the demonstrated high performance in both broadband and wavelength selective IR detection, this detection approach can potentially enable other high performance sensing systems, including chemical vapor, biological, energy, and environmental sensing systems.
Nutritional qualities, chemical compositions, and yield of chicory genotypes
Authors: Poursakhi Nazanin , Razmjoo Jamshid , Karimmojeni Hassan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChicory (Cichorium intybus L.) has been used as a forage crop in some parts of the world. Forage chicory is a highly digestible, nonbloating feed source which is characterized by high nutritive and mineral contents. However, limited information is available on nutritional qualities, chemical compositions, and yield of different genotypes of chicory. Therefore, a 2‐yr study was conducted to evaluate the qualitative traits and forage yield of chicory genotypes. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications using eight chicory genotypes (‘Ardestan,’ ‘Hamadan,’ ‘Shiraz,’ ‘Mazandaran,’ ‘Sanandaj,’ ‘Kashan,’ ‘Yazd,’ and ‘Mashhad’). The crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash content (ASH), non‐fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and dry herbage yield (DHY) were significantly influenced by genotypes. Yazd was the superior chicory genotype compared to tested genotypes in terms of high CP, ASH, NFC, N, K, Cu, and Zn and low NDF and ADF contents, while Sanandaj showed the highest forage yield. Our results indicate that chicory can be considered as a promising forage crop in a semi‐arid environment and also allows for the selection of better genotype for direct cultivation or breeding purpose.
Nitrogen mineralized in anaerobiosis as indicator of soil aggregate stability
Authors: Rivero Camila , Tourn Santiago N. , García Gisela V. , Videla Cecilia C. , Domínguez Germán F. , Studdert Guillermo A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMonitoring soil health status is imperative to pursue sustainable agriculture. Aggregate stability (AS) is fundamental to define several soil functions and, therefore, physical soil health. The objectives of this work were to (i) evaluate the effect of contrasting cropping systems on AS, soil (SOC) and particulate (POC) organic carbon, and anaerobic nitrogen (AN) both in bulk soil and in macroaggregates (MA), and (ii) assess the relationship between AS and AN both in bulk soil and in MA to facilitate soil physical health monitoring. Aggregate stability, AN, SOC and POC were evaluated at three depths (0–5, 5–20, and 0–20 cm) in a Mollisol of the Southeastern Argentinean Pampas under a long‐term experiment of cropping systems (crop‐pasture rotations under conventional tillage [CT] and no‐tillage [NT]). Bulk‐soil SOC and POC contents and AN showed the effect of cropping systems, especially the effect of crop‐pasture rotation and at 0–5 cm depth. However, NT did not lead to SOC sequestration except at 0–5 cm depth. In turn, pastures in the rotation and NT improved AS. Bulk‐soil AN explained 75, 41, and 71% of AS at 0–5, 5–20, and 0–20 cm depths, respectively, and provides an indication of AS status. Instead, AN in MA did not explain bulk‐soil AS changes as much as bulk‐soil AN, except at 0–5 cm depth. Therefore, it is not worth determining AN in MA. However, routine bulk‐soil AN determination at 0–20 cm depth by producers to diagnose nitrogen soil fertility would also provide an additional valuable indication of AS status.
Enhancing Light‐Absorption and Luminescent Properties of Non‐Emissive 1,3,4,6,9b‐Pentaazaphenalene through Perturbation of Forbidden Electronic Transition by Boron Complexation
Authors: Watanabe Hiroyuki , Kawano Yuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report an improvement of optical properties of the non‐emissive molecule through shuffling the molecular orbitals by boron complexation. The 1,3,4,6,9b‐pentaazaphenelene (5AP) derivative having a 2‐(dimesitylboryl)phenyl group was synthesized through a substitution reaction from a 2‐bromophenyl compound. The formation of the B−N dative bond was confirmed by 11B{1H} NMR spectroscopy and a single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. Most of the conventional 5AP derivatives hardly showed emission despite their planar and rigid molecular structures. The previous reports on 5AP derivatives ascribed the non‐luminescent behavior to the forbidden transition between frontier orbitals. On the other hand, the 5AP‐based boron complex in this work showed enhanced light absorption and luminescence from the HOMO−LUMO transition. Theoretical calculations suggested that the boron complexation should play a critical role in perturbing the forbidden character of the HOMO−LUMO transition. Because the nitrogen atom on the 5AP moiety formed the Lewis acid−base pair with the boron atom, the energy level of the HOMO of 5AP was downshifted. The character of the HOMO−LUMO transition of the boron complex was changed to afford the improved optical properties of the boron complex.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Dicarbondiphosphides: Strong Neutral Four‐Membered Heterocyclic 6π‐Electron Donors
Authors: Li Zhongshu , Chen Xiaodan , Liu Liu Leo , Scharnhölz Moritz Theodor , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn contrast to cyclic π‐conjugated hydrocarbons, the coordination chemistry of inorganic heterocycles is less developed. Dicarbondiphosphides stabilized by N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) NHC→C2P2←NHC (1 a,b) (NHC=IPr or SIPr) contain a four‐membered C2P2 ring with an aromatic 6π‐electron configuration. These heterocycles coordinate to a variety of complex fragments with metals from groups 6, 9, and 10, namely [M0(CO)3] (M=Cr, Mo), [CoI(CO)2]+, or [NiIIBr2], through an η4‐coordination mode, leading to complexes 2 a,b, 3 a,b, 5 a,b, and 6 a,b, respectively. These complexes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction methods using single crystals, IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. In combination these methods indicate that 1 a,b behave as exceptionally strong 6π‐electron donors.
The Molecular Composition of Soot
Authors: Jacobson Rachelle S. , Korte Andrew R. , Vertes Akos , Miller J. Houston 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoot (sometimes referred to as black carbon) is produced when hydrocarbon fuels are burned. Our hypothesis is that polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules are the dominant component of soot, with individual PAH molecules forming ordered stacks that agglomerate into primary particles (PP). Here we show that the PAH composition of soot can be exactly determined and spatially resolved by low‐fluence laser desorption ionization, coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry imaging. This analysis revealed that PAHs of 239–838 Da, containing few oxygenated species, comprise the soot observed in an ethylene diffusion flame. As informed by chemical graph theory (CGT), the vast majority of species observed in the sampled particulate matter may be described as benzenoids, consisting of only fused 6‐membered rings. Within that limit, there is clear evidence for the presence of radical PAH in the particulate samples. Further, for benzenoid structures the observed empirical formulae limit the observed isomers to those which are nearly circular with high aromatic conjugation lengths for a given aromatic ring count. These results stand in contrast to recent reports that suggest higher aliphatic composition of primary particles.
Computer‐Assisted 3D Structure Elucidation (CASE‐3D): The Structural Value of 2JCH in Addition to 3JCH Coupling Constants
Authors: Koos Martin R. M. , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando , Anklin Clemens , Gil Roberto R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present a method to use long‐range CH coupling constants to derive the correct diastereoisomer from the molecular constitution of small molecules. A set of 79 2JCH and 3JCH values collected from a single HSQMBC experiment on a sample of strychnine were used in the CASE‐3D (computer‐assisted 3D structure elucidation) protocol. In addition to the most commonly used 3JCH coupling constants, the subset of 32 2JCH values alone showed an excellent degree of configuration selection. The study is mainly based on comparison of DFT‐calculated 2,3JCH values with experimental ones, critical for the case of 2JCH. But the configuration selection also works well using 3JCH values predicted from a semi‐empirical Karplus‐based equation limited to H−C−C−C fragments. The robustness, shown using strychnine as a proof of concept, makes the J‐based CASE‐3D analysis a viable option for the application in fields such as peptide and carbohydrate research, organic synthesis, natural‐product identification and analysis, as well as medicinal chemistry.
Weakly Coordinated Cobaltacycles: Trapping Catalytically Competent Intermediates in Cp*CoIIICatalysis
Authors: Martínez de Salinas Sara , Sanjosé‐Orduna Jesús , Odena Carlota , Barranco Sergio , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Pérez‐Temprano Mónica H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHerein, we disclose the synthesis of metallacyclic Cp*CoIIIcomplexes containing weakly chelating functional groups. We have employed these compounds not only as an exceptional platform for accessing some of the most widely invoked transient intermediates in C−H functionalization processes but also as competent catalysts in different Cp*Co‐catalyzed transformations, including a benchmark coupling reaction.
C−H Functionalization—Prediction of Selectivity in Iridium(I)‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Competition Reactions
Authors: Valero Mégane , Kruissink Thomas , Blass Jennifer , Weck Remo , Güssregen Stefan , Plowright Alleyn T. , Derdau Volker 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn assessment of the C−H activation catalyst [(COD)Ir(IMes)(PPh3)]PF6 (COD=1,5‐cyclooctadiene, IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) in the deuteration of phenyl rings containing different functional directing groups is divulged. Competition experiments have revealed a clear order of the directing groups in the hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) with an iridium (I) catalyst. Through DFT calculations the iridium–substrate coordination complex has been identified to be the main trigger for reactivity and selectivity in the competition situation with two or more directing groups. We postulate that the competition concept found in this HIE reaction can be used to explain regioselectivities in other transition‐metal‐catalyzed functionalization reactions of complex drug‐type molecules as long as a C−H activation mechanism is involved.
Polymeric encapsulation of liquids via plasma surface polymerization
Authors: Rezaei Farzad , Dickey Michael David , Hauser Peter Jacob 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a new approach of liquid encapsulation using an atmospheric pressure plasma (APP). The technique is similar to interfacial polymerization, though here one phase is liquid (that contains unsaturated C═C bonds) and the other phase is plasma (that contains free radicals). When combined, the atmospheric plasma can induce surface polymerization of an acrylate‐based liquid, resulting in a thin polymeric skin on top of the liquid. Measurements with an atomic force microscope and a spectroscopic ellipsometer estimate the thickness of the skin formed on top of di(ethylene glycol) diacrylate to be 40–50 nm. To demonstrate an application of this method, we encapsulated hemispherical capsules of reactive adhesives on a glass substrate. These adhesives are based on thiol‐acrylate and thiol‐acrylate‐epoxy systems that react in the presence of a strong base catalyst. Plasma‐induced polymerization can encapsulate, immobilize, and isolate separate droplets of resin and the catalyst in a latent (nonreactive) state. These capsules remain latent until they rupture in response to physical contact. A tensile testing machine reports an adhesive strength of ~ 2 MPa for the formulated resins after curing. The capsules reported here may be useful for storing functional liquids for just‐in‐time release, such as contact‐sensitive adhesives, on‐demand lubricants, or self‐healing agents. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48880.
Fabrication of κ‐carrageenan and whey protein isolate‐based films reinforced with nanocellulose: optimization via RSM
Authors: Sogut Ece 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to prepare nanocomposite films composed of whey protein isolate (W) and carrageenan (C) with nanocellulose (N) for food packaging applications. Response surface methodology was applied to investigate the effect of W concentration (v/v, 0–100%), glycerol/sorbitol (G/S) ratio (0–1), and N concentration (w/w, 0–5%) on the physicomechanical properties of film samples. Higher W and N contents and lower G/S ratios showed positive effect on rigidity of film samples, while introducing high concentration of N increased the water vapor permeability values with increasing plasticizer and C concentration. The highest water uptake values were observed in C based films, while a higher C content resulted in lower opacity values. The addition of nanocellulose into whey protein and carrageenan blend films in the presence of a plasticizer mixture improved the suitability of selected biopolymers for food packaging applications when compared to their neat films. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48902.
The electrical performance and conductive network of reduced graphene oxide‐coated ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene fibers through electrostatic interaction and covalent bonding
Authors: Wang Kui , Shen Lu , Song Changyuan , Zhang Yonggang , Chen Peng 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIn this work, methods for reactive coating with graphene (method A and B) are performed to demonstrate feasible ways to functionalize ultra‐high‐molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers. First, fiber surfaces were polarized by polydopamine (PDA) with amino and hydroxyl groups. In method A, a benchmark method, polarized fibers were dipped into graphene oxide (GO) suspensions for multiple (e.g., eight) cycles to absorb GO, which was then reduced into graphene on fiber surface. In method B, dipping operations were repeated for the same number of cycles, but treatment using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) was applied to induce reactions between the hydroxyl groups and APS, followed by the same reduction treatment. Compared with method A, method B generated fibers with improved and durable surface electric resistance (104 Ω cm−1). The surface morphology and formation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) conductive networks of the two methods were analyzed. Results indicated that increasing content and the uniform distribution of rGO are beneficial to obtain a conductive network with low and durable surface electric resistance. This deduction was confirmed by loading amounts of rGO and AFM results. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48946.
Hearing Preservation Following Repeated Adenovector Delivery
Authors: Pfannenstiel Susanna C. , Praetorius Mark , Brough Douglas E. , Staecker Hinrich 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTFactors influencing the damage to the inner ear can include the surgical approach used for vector delivery, the volume of vector used, the buffer that the vector is suspended in as well as the host response to the vector capsid and vector genes that are transferred. We evaluated the effect of Ad5 capsid adenovectors on hearing function after delivery to the perilymph of adult C57Bl/6 mice. Hearing was evaluated before surgery and 3 days post‐surgery by auditory brain stem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). A second group of mice underwent repeated delivery of adenovector two times to determine if a preliminary exposure to an Ad vector could induce an inflammatory response leading to further loss. The first adenovector (Ad.11D.LacZ) was delivered to the posterior semicircular canal or via round window. In the second surgery, a second adenovector (Ad.11D.gfp) was delivered to the horizontal semicircular canal. The functional outcome was tested prior, 7 days post first vector delivery, and 3 days post second vector delivery via ABR and DPOAE. Dual delivery via the semicircular canals resulted in preservation of hearing suggesting that pre‐exposure to Ad5 capsid does not predispose to hearing loss. Delivery to the round window resulted in hearing loss that was worsened after the second vector delivery, suggesting that delivery route and prior injury to the inner ear rather than the repetition of delivery predisposes to further hearing loss. Anat Rec, 303:600–607, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Detecting possible persons of interest in a physical activity program using step entries: Including a web‐based application for outlier detection and decision‐making
Authors: Silva S. Sandun M. , Meyer Denny , Jayawardana Madawa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccording to recent statistics from the World Health Organization, 23% of people aged 18 years and over are not sufficiently physically active. Strangely, this is at a time when, due to the improvement in sensor technology, physical activity programs that track physical activity have become popular. However, some participants who enroll in these programs cheat by manipulating the data they enter. This can be discouraging for other participants, also invalidating the overall accuracy of program outcomes. Therefore, detecting these participants and discarding their manipulated entries is important in order to maintain the quality of the program. Currently, most of these physical activity programs use manual processes to detect and reject fraudulent step entries by reviewing the participant's demographic profiles along with their longitudinal step count performance data. In this study, a process, including two parallel models for detecting person of interest characteristics and abnormal step count entries, is developed. The first model uses the penalized logistic regression with Synthetic Minority Over‐sampling Technique subsampling to address the imbalance in the proportion of genuine and persons of interest. Having a highly imbalanced distribution between genuine and person of interest profiles makes this task more challenging. The second model uses a variety of outlier detection methods to detect and reject abnormal step entries based on previously entered data. This process will be more efficient and productive compared to the current manual system and will support better decision‐making in the future. The proposed system can be applied for other fraud detection applications after suitable adjustments.
Spatial energy transfer with observation of bimolecular singlet oxygen emission using quantum dots as donors and zinc‐phthalocyanine as acceptors
Authors: Monte Adamo F. G. , Azevedo Guilherme , Reis Arnaldo F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study reports the influence of CdSe–ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs) for formation of singlet oxygen using zinc‐phthalocyanine (ZnPc) dyes in colloidal solutions. Using a microluminescence surface scan technique it was possible to measure accurately the photon diffusion length, or photon mean free path, inside the medium. Analyses were performed for a range of QD concentrations. Photon diffusion length was assigned to the bimolecular singlet oxygen emission at 707 nm. Related singlet oxygen emission was predicted by observing quenching of the photon diffusion length measured at the specific oxygen emission as a function of QD concentration, being a nontrivial phenomenon related to the QD donors. Diffusion length measured at 707 nm increased with QD concentration; in the absence of QDs, as in pure ZnPc samples, the emission peak at 707 nm was not observed.