bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROHHAD(NET) Syndrome: Systematic Review of the Clinical Timeline and Recommendations for Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Harvengt Julie , Gernay Caroline , Mastouri Meriem , Farhat Nesrine , Lebrethon Marie-Christine , Seghaye Marie-Christine , Bours Vincent 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContextRapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation and neural crest tumor (ROHHHAD[NET]) is a rare and potentially fatal disease. No specific diagnostic biomarker is currently available, making prompt diagnosis challenging. Since its first definition in 2007, a complete clinical analysis leading to specific diagnosis and follow-up recommendations is still missing.ObjectiveThe purpose of this work is to describe the clinical timeline of symptoms of ROHHAD(NET) and propose recommendations for diagnosis and follow-up.DesignWe conducted a systematic review of all ROHHAD(NET) case studies and report a new ROHHAD patient with early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care.MethodsAll the articles that meet the definition of ROHHAD(NET) and provide chronological clinical data were reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis individual patient data guidelines. The data were grouped into 7 categories: hypothalamic dysfunction, autonomic dysregulation, hypoventilation, NET, psychiatric symptoms, other clinical manifestations, and outcome.ResultsForty-three individual patient data descriptions were analyzed. The timeline of the disease shows rapid-onset obesity followed shortly by hypothalamic dysfunction. Dysautonomia was reported at a median age of 4.95 years and hypoventilation at 5.33 years, or 2.2 years after the initial obesity. A NET was reported in 56% of the patients, and 70% of these tumors were diagnosed within 2 years after initial weight gain.ConclusionBecause early diagnosis improves the clinical management and the prognosis in ROHHAD(NET), this diagnosis should be considered for any child with rapid and early obesity. We propose guidance for systematic follow-up and advise multidisciplinary management with the aim of improving prognosis and life expectancy.
Effect of Glucagon on Ischemic Heart Disease and Its Risk Factors: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Ng Jack C M , Schooling C Mary 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContextGlucagon acts reciprocally with insulin to regular blood glucose. However, the effect of glucagon on cardiovascular disease has not been widely studied. It has been suggested that insulin may increase the risk of ischemic heart disease.ObjectiveTo investigate whether glucagon, the main counteracting hormone of insulin, plays a role in development of ischemic heart disease.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this 2-sample Mendelian randomization study, we estimated the causal effect of glucagon on ischemic heart disease and its risk factors using the inverse-variance weighted method with multiplicative random effects and multiple sensitivity analyses. Genetic associations with glucagon and ischemic heart disease and its risk factors, including type 2 diabetes and fasting insulin, were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies.Main Outcome MeasureOdds ratio for ischemic heart disease and its risk factors per 1 standard deviation change in genetically predicted glucagon.ResultsTwenty-four single-nucleotide polymorphisms strongly (P &lt; 5 × 10−6) and independently (r2 &lt; 0.05) predicting glucagon were obtained. Genetically predicted higher glucagon was associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (inverse-variance weighted odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.0003-1.05) but not with type 2 diabetes (inverse-variance weighted odds ratio, 0.998, 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.03), log-transformed fasting insulin (inverse-variance weighted beta, 0.002, 95% confidence interval, -0.01 to 0.01), other glycemic traits, blood pressure, reticulocyte, or lipids.ConclusionGlucagon might have an adverse impact on ischemic heart disease. Relevance of the underlying pathway to existing and potential interventions should be investigated.
Low Frontal Alpha Power Is Associated With the Propensity for Burst Suppression: An Electroencephalogram Phenotype for a “Vulnerable Brain”
Authors: Shao Yu Raymond , Kahali Pegah , Houle Timothy T. , Deng Hao , Colvin Christopher , Dickerson Bradford C. , Brown Emery N. , Purdon Patrick L. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND:
A number of recent studies have reported an association between intraoperative burst suppression and postoperative delirium. These studies suggest that anesthesia-induced burst suppression may be an indicator of underlying brain vulnerability. A prominent feature of electroencephalogram (EEG) under propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia is the frontal alpha oscillation. This frontal alpha oscillation is known to decline significantly during aging and is generated by prefrontal brain regions that are particularly prone to age-related neurodegeneration. Given that burst suppression and frontal alpha oscillations are both associated with brain vulnerability, we hypothesized that anesthesia-induced frontal alpha power could also be associated with burst suppression.

METHODS:
We analyzed EEG data from a previously reported cohort in which 155 patients received propofol (n = 60) or sevoflurane (n = 95) as the primary anesthetic. We computed the EEG spectrum during stable anesthetic maintenance and identified whether or not burst suppression occurred during the anesthetic. We characterized the relationship between burst suppression and alpha power using logistic regression. We proposed 5 different models consisting of different combinations of potential contributing factors associated with burst suppression: (1) a Base Model consisting of alpha power; (2) an Extended Mechanistic Model consisting of alpha power, age, and drug dosing information; (3) a Clinical Confounding Factors Model consisting of alpha power, hypotension, and other confounds; (4) a Simplified Model consisting only of alpha power and propofol bolus administration; and (5) a Full Model consisting of all of these variables to control for as much confounding as possible.

RESULTS:
All models show a consistent significant association between alpha power and burst suppression while adjusting for different sets of covariates, all with consistent effect size estimates. Using the Simplified Model, we found that for each decibel decrease in alpha power, the odds of experiencing burst suppression increased by 1.33-fold.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we show how a decrease in anesthesia-induced frontal alpha power is associated with an increased propensity for burst suppression, in a manner that captures individualized information above and beyond a patient’s chronological age. Lower frontal alpha band power is strongly associated with higher propensity for burst suppression and, therefore, potentially higher risk of postoperative neurocognitive disorders. We hypothesize that low frontal alpha power and increased propensity for burst suppression together characterize a “vulnerable brain” phenotype under anesthesia that could be mechanistically linked to brain metabolism, cognition, and brain aging.
THE STUDY OF THE FEATURES OF THE REGIONAL LABOR MARKET IN THE FORMATION OF THE LABOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Kaurova O. , Gureeva E. , Mityuhin D. , Gavrilova V. 
Published: May 2020

This article is devoted to the problems of management and development of the labor market of the Republic of Buryatia.
This article discusses the concepts of “labor resources”, “labor management system”. The main components of the labor management system in the region are considered. Systematized methods of labor management. The problems of the formation of new approaches to the management of labor resources in the Republic of Buryatia are highlighted. The features of the labor market infrastructure of the Republic of Buryatia are determined. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the labor resources of the Republic of Buryatia, an analysis of the number of employees by type of economic activity and by form of ownership, an analysis of the distribution of cash incomes of the population of the Republic of Buryatia was carried out.
Based on the analysis, a balance of labor resources was compiled, on the basis of which the main conclusions were made about the state of the labor market of the Republic of Buryatia, specific measures were developed to improve the infrastructure of the labor market of the republic.
MECANISMOS DA GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA DA ESCOLA EXPRESSOS NAS NORMAS EDUCACIONAIS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Vitor Alves Andréia Vicência , Dos Santos Jonata Cristina 
Published: May 2020

A gestão democrática é firmada na normatização educacional brasileira como o modelo gestão que deve ser colocada em prática nas instituições educacionais. Tal legislação apresenta como mecanismos dessa gestão a participação, a eleição de diretores, os conselhos escolares e a participação na elaboração do PPP. Assim, o presente estudo tem como intuito apreender como a literatura educacional apresenta essa gestão e seus mecanismos supracitados, a partir de 1988, isso por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica. Concluímos que a gestão democrática. Tem como mecanismos a participação, a eleição de diretores, os conselhos escolares e a participação na elaboração do PPP, que possibilitam a participação direta e representativa da comunidade escolar; a abertura de espaço para diálogos, debates e discussões no âmbito educacional. Entretanto, o PNE (2014-2024) apresenta a nomeação de diretores associada meritocracia e a critérios de desempenho, que não são considerados características dessa gestão.
LEGISLAÇÕES MUNICIPAIS SUL-RIO-GRANDENSES E SUAS INTERPRETAÇÕES ACERCA DA GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira 
Published: May 2020

Referenciar a Gestão Democrática do ensino público é compulsório em legislações educacionais, considerando a previsão do princípio na Constituição Federal de 1988. Mas, que outros elementos são apresentados em legislações infraconstitucionais, para a visibilidade e materialização de tal princípio? Como as legislações locais interpretam o princípio? Portanto, o texto discute registros de gestão democrática do ensino público apresentados em legislações locais, a partir do exame de leis afetas as redes municipais dos 44 municípios sul-rio-grandenses com população acima de 50 mil habitantes. Abraçando uma metodologia analítico-reconstrutiva, os documentos foram examinados a partir do procedimento da análise de conteúdo, utilizando-se a técnica da análise temática, com destaque para a unidade de significação. Ao examinar as legislações locais, indica-se a compreensão particular e a prática de mecanismos de gestão democrática. Como conclusão, os 44 municípios apresentam legislações que regulamentam a gestão democrática em sua rede pública de ensino, materializando mecanismos, espaços e ações para tal modelo de gestão.
ANÁLISE DOS MARCOS LEGAIS DA GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA NAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS ESTADUAIS DA BAHIA
Authors: Jesus Edna Santos de , Evangelista Mary Adriana dos Santos , Pereira Rodrigo da Silva 
Published: May 2020

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar os marcos legais da política de gestão democrática nas escolas públicas estaduais baianas, buscando evidenciar os possíveis avanços e lacunas na legislação vigente e as contradições dessa política com os princípios da Nova Gestão Pública (NGP). Este artigo conclui que é imprescindível o estabelecimento legal de ações permanentes de fortalecimento das instâncias que norteiam e asseguram a política de gestão democrática nas escolas públicas e que a educação baiana conta com marcos legais considerados avançados para democratização das unidades escolares, mas, contraditoriamente, os princípios e práticas adotadas a partir do referencial político e epistemológico da NGP, acabam por comprometer iniciativas que busquem dar materialidade ao que está subscrito no marco legal.
The silver generation and beauty: Does American culture provide models for positive ageing?
Authors: Fornaciari Federica , Goldman Laine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Modern US society’s attitude towards beauty has been shaped by the advertising and cosmetics industry to shun older women and worship youth. The discourse in popular and public culture is that ageing equals failure (). However, the increasing prevalence of emancipatory discourses that are giving a voice to previously silenced minority groups has been making its way to the catwalk with the inclusion of alternative femininity models (), comprising a range of ages, body shapes and ethnic groups, as well as disabled models.
A new cadre of older female models is drawing attention to the issue of ageing that might provide a diversified image of what beauty could look like later in life. Informed by frame theory () and positive ageing (; ), we conducted an exploratory study applying thematic analysis () to media narratives of age and gender in relation to modes of appearance, particularly fashion. In our analysis, we highlighted the catwalk because it is a microcosm of cultural representations. We sought to establish whether the new trend regarding older women on the catwalk is finding expression in the US media, whether it radiates to other fields of public culture, and whether it represents a cultural shift, or a passing trend. We found some evidence for age-friendly catwalk reports, but even those reports reflected, at best, an ambivalent attitude. The results are discussed in the light of a dialectical discourse where inclusivity becomes both an enabling and oppressive attitude at the same time. While wider representation of older, ethnic and disabled women extends the boundaries of inclusivity, it also extends the scope of the normative expectations of beauty standards to older cohorts.
Adhesion at asphalt-aggregate interface through surface energy
Authors: Infante Ana Sofia Figueroa , Lizcano Fredy Reyes , Leal Néstor Cely 
Published: May 2020

One of the most common problems pavements have is the loss of adhesion and cohesion due to moisture damage. Tropical countries and rainy seasons are some of the causes for this type of distress on roads. Another factor that has high influence in this damage is the mineralogy of the aggregate. This research shows the results of adhesion and cohesion between the aggregates from a limestone quarry and two types of sandstones from different quarries, highly used for roads projects from Colombia, and the asphalt 60-70 (1/10) mm, same PG58-22. For determining the adhesion and cohesion, Bitumen Bond Strength tests were made for dry and wet conditions. In addition, the Surface Free Energy was measured for the aggregates and the asphalt. The results indicated that those type of aggregates are highly susceptible to moisture damage, due all values of humidity Index Damage (HDI) were less than 0,5. This indicates that it is necessary to use modifiers for controlling the stripping of the pavements due to Moisture Damage.
SCINDA-GPS derived TEC depletions and amplitude scintillations over Kisumu, Kenya during selected quiet and storm days of 2013 and 2014
Authors: Edward Uluma , Boniface Ndinya , George Omondi 
Published: May 2020

Total Electron Content (TEC) depletion and amplitude scintillation (S4) can be derived from, SCINDA-GPS receivers situated in various parts of the equatorial region. In this paper we present results of characterization of TEC depletions and amplitude scintillations over Kisumu, Kenya (Geomagnetic coordinates: 9.64o S, 108.59o E; Geographic coordinates: 0.02o S, 34.6o E) for both selected geomagnetically quiet and geomagnetically disturbed conditions between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2014 using data derived from the Kisumu NovAtel GSV4004B SCINDA-GPS receiver situated at Maseno University. TEC depletions and amplitude scintillations affect Global Positioning System (GPS) signals in the ionosphere as they propagate from the satellite to the receiver. This study aims to investigate day to day variability of TEC depletions and amplitude scintillations over Kisumu, Kenya during both geomagnetically quiet and geomagnetically disturbed days of 2013 and 2014 which was a high solar activity period for Solar Cycle 24. Seasonal variability of TEC depletions and S4 index is also presented. The Receiver Independent Exchange (RINEX) data for the years 2013 and 2014 was retrieved from the Kisumu SCINDA-GPS receiver, processed to obtain Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC), S4 and Universal Time (UT) and fed into MATLAB to generate VTEC and S4 plots against UT for each selected quiet and storm day within the 2013 and 2014 period. The obtained results showed a diurnal variation of TEC where TEC was minimum at pre-sunrise, maximum during daytime and minimum during nighttime. The minimum TEC during pre-sunrise and nighttime was attributed to reduced solar intensity while maximum TEC during daytime is attributed to increased solar intensity. Most of the selected quiet and storm days of the years 2013 and 2014 showed TEC depletions and TEC enhancements corresponding with enhanced amplitude scintillations between 1800UT and 20:00UT. This might be attributed to the rapid rise of the F-layer and the increase in the vertical E x B plasma drift due to the Pre-reversal Enhancement (PRE) of the eastward electric field. Post-midnight TEC depletions and amplitude scintillations were observed for some days and this was attributed to the effect of zonal winds which brought post-midnight enhancement of the E x B drift. The percentage occurrence of amplitude scintillations for the selected quiet and storm days exhibited a seasonal dependence with equinoctial months having higher occurrences than the solstitial months. The higher average S4 index during equinoctial months might be attributed to increased solar intensity resulting from the close alignment of the solar terminator and the geomagnetic meridian.Â Â
Неравенство успехов и притязаний девятиклассников: уровень локальных образовательных систем
Authors: Савельева Светлана Сергеевна 
Published: May 2020

В статье поставлена цель сфокусировать внимание на возможностях, которые дает изучение социального неравенства на уровне отдельных локальностей. Проведено сравнение особенностей неравенства успехов и притязаний на трех территориях разного типа: сельского района, малого города и мегаполиса. Эмпирическую базу исследования составили данные опросов Научно-учебной лаборатории «Социология образования и науки» (НИУ ВШЭ — Санкт-Петербург) общим объемом в 8965 учеников 9-х классов.
С помощью линейного и логистического регрессионного моделирования протестированы следующие предикторы: пол школьника, уровень образования его матери, социально-экономический статус и культурный капитал родителей, статус школы. В случае моделей с зависимой переменной в виде образовательных притязаний протестирована также успеваемость. Полученные результаты сопоставлены при помощи расчета предельных эффектов.
Результаты продемонстрировали, что в каждой из локальностей складывается свой особенный характер социального воспроизводства. Большие репрезентативные выборки показывают нам лишь возможную общую логику, тогда как сплошные выборки на отдельных территориях позволяют более точно замерить эффекты. Знание локального контекста в этих кейсах дает возможность объяснить полученные результаты.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KEFIR SUSU SAPI TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL TIKUS JANTAN SPRAGUE DAWLEY HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Pratama Sandy Eka , Probosari Enny 
Published: May 2020

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a main risk factor of cardiovascular disease that remains the higher cause of deaths in the world. Milk kefir contains lactic acid bacteria which can reduce LDL cholesterol. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of milk kefir on LDL cholesterol levels in male Sprague dawley hypercholesterolemia rats. Methods: This research was true-experimental using pre-post test with randomized control group design. Subjects were male Sprague dawley rats, inducted hypercholesterolemia, given milk kefir diet using 1,5 ml, 2 ml, and 3 ml dosage for 15 days. The LDL cholesterol levels were measured by direct method using homogenous enzymatic LDL cholesterol. Normality of the data were tested by Shapiro Wilk test. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon test and Kruskall-Wallis continued by Mann-Whitney test. Result: The study revealed that milk kefir of dosage 2 ml/day decreased LDL cholesterol significantly (p<0,05) from 196,57 ± 84,11 mg/dl to 38,95 ± 18,22 mg/dl and also for 3 ml/day decreased LDL cholesterol significantly (p<0,05) from 100,14 ± 36,20 mg/dl to 26,91 ± 9,93 mg/dl. Other dosage of 1,5 ml/day is not significantly decrease LDL cholesterol level. Conclusion: Milk kefir able to reduce LDL cholesterol levels in all groups. By giving mik kefir 2 ml/day and 3ml/day during 15 days able to reduce LDL cholesterol levels 80,18% and 73,12%.
ASUPAN TINGGI NATRIUM DAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI OBESITAS PADA REMAJA AWAL
Authors: Fatta Lutfiana Amirullah , Sulchan Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

Background: Obesity Hypertension does not only occur in adults or elderly, but also can occur on adolescents. Obesity Hypertension risk factors on adolescents as well as risk factors for obesity and hypertension. High-sodium intake and birth weight are two of the several risk factors for obesity hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine magnitude of risk factors of high-sodium intake and birth weight on obesity hypertension occurance on early adolescence. Method: The study was carried out in SMP 3, SMP 30, SMP Kesatrian 2, and Madrasah Al-Khoiriyah. The design of this study is case-control with the amount of subjects are 72 consist of 36 cases and 36 controls. The subjects were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Data sodium intake is obtained by interview using Food Frequency Questionnaire last one month. Data on birth weight is obtained from interview with parents which supported by the record of KMS / KIA. Height measurements using microtoise, weight using digital scales, waist circumference using a tape measure, and blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. Results: The prevalence of obesity hypertension is 7.5%. In this study, it is found that there is a significant correlation between high-sodium intake (p = 0.042; OR = 3.5) birth weight (p = 0.012; OR = 3.7) on obesity hypertension occurance on early adolescence. Conclusion: High-sodium intake and birth weight are risk factor of obesity hypertension on early adolescence. Major risk factors of high-sodium intake and birth weight are respectively 3.5 times and 3.7 times