bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance improvements of a sweet pepper harvesting robot in protected cropping environments
Authors: Lehnert Chris , McCool Chris , Sa Inkyu , Perez Tristan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing robots to harvest sweet peppers in protected cropping environments has remained unsolved despite considerable effort by the research community over several decades. In this paper, we present the robotic harvester, Harvey, designed for sweet peppers in protected cropping environments that achieved a 76.5% success rate on 68 fruit (within a modified scenario) which improves upon our prior work which achieved 58% on 24 fruit and related sweet pepper harvesting work which achieved 33% on 39 fruit (for their best tool in a modified scenario). This improvement was primarily achieved through the introduction of a novel peduncle segmentation system using an efficient deep convolutional neural network, in conjunction with three‐dimensional postfiltering to detect the critical cutting location. We benchmark the peduncle segmentation against prior art demonstrating an improvement in performance with a score of 0.564 compared to 0.302. The robotic harvester uses a perception pipeline to detect a target sweet pepper and an appropriate grasp and cutting pose used to determine the trajectory of a multimodal harvesting tool to grasp the sweet pepper and cut it from the plant. A novel decoupling mechanism enables the gripping and cutting operations to be performed independently. We perform an in‐depth analysis of the full robotic harvesting system to highlight bottlenecks and failure points that future work could address.
Effect of Nanoporous Structure on the Catalytic Activity of Nanoporous Palladium for Hydrogenation of Nitro Compounds
Authors: Zhao Yuhui , Feng Xiujuan , Li Yanhui , Zhang Wei , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effect of nanoporous structure on the catalytic activity of palladium catalysts for hydrogenation of nitro compounds was investigated. The order of the catalytic activity of the six types of nanoporous palladium (PdNPore) catalysts produced was very similar to the order of their specific surface area. Compared with other catalysts synthesized in this study, the PdNPore catalyst (Pd86Al14) with a ligament size of 20 nm and specific surface area of 40.81 m2 g−1 exhibited relatively high activity. The hydrogenation reactions of various nitro compounds proceeded smoothly with good functional group tolerance in the presence of this PdNPore catalyst under mild conditions. Moreover, the PdNPore catalyst could be simply recovered and reused several times without any loss of activity.
Diaryl‐λ3‐iodane Woven Supramolecular Architecture of Polyoxometalate
Authors: Xiong Zhelun , Wang Fang , Ke Degang , Wang Yu , Huang Bo , Xiao Zicheng , Wu Pingfan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor the first time, diaryl‐λ3‐iodane was employed as the cation of polyoxometalate (POM). The derivative exhibits a fascinating supramolecular architecture, which originates from halogen bonds between the cations and POM anion clusters. It is also the first proof of woven supramolecular architecture constructed by pure halogen bonds using POMs as multi‐dentate electron donors, providing a new vision for the design of POM‐based supramolecular architectures.
The Malleable Excited States of Benzothiadiazole Dyes and Investigation of their Potential for Photochemical Control
Authors: Warner Caroline C. , Thooft Andrea M. , Norris Sean R. , Lampkin Bryan J. , Demirci Selin K. , VanVeller Brett 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA new design strategy to control the efficiency of a photocleavage reaction based on changing the nature of the excited state is presented. A novel class of photoactive compounds has been synthesized by combining the classical o‐nitrobenzyl scaffold with an environmentally sensitive dye, 4‐amino‐nitrobenzothiazole. Irradiation in a polar solvent led to an excited state that was inoperative for photochemistry whereas excitation in a nonpolar solvent led to an excited state that was photochemically active. While our design hypothesis tests true for the on/off control of a photochemical process, an alternative photochemical ring‐opening of the heterocycle appears to be the preferred process in contrast to the intended photocleavage process.
A Corrosion‐Resistant and Dendrite‐Free Zinc Metal Anode in Aqueous Systems
Authors: Han Daliang , Wu Shichao , Zhang Siwei , Deng Yaqian , Cui Changjun , Zhang Lina , Long Yu , Li Huan , Tao Ying , Weng Zhe , Yang Quan‐Hong , Kang Feiyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc (Zn) ion‐based energy storage systems have been reviving recently because of their low cost and high safety merits; however, they still suffer from the problems of corrosion and dendrite growth on Zn metal anodes that cause gas generation and early battery failure. Unfortunately, the corrosion problem has not received sufficient attention until now. Here, it is pioneeringly demonstrated that decorating the Zn surface with a dual‐functional metallic indium (In) layer, acting as both a corrosion inhibitor and a nucleating agent, is a facile but effective strategy to suppress both drastic corrosion and dendrite growth. Symmetric cells assembled with the treated Zn electrodes can sustain up to 1500 h of plating/stripping cycles with an ultralow voltage hysteresis (54 mV), and a 5000 cycle‐life is achieved for a prototype full cell. This work will instigate the further development of aqueous metal‐based energy storage systems.
A Triple‐Gradient Host for Long Cycling Lithium Metal Anodes at Ultrahigh Current Density
Authors: Le TrungHieu , Liang Qinghua , Chen Ming , Yang Ciqing , Yu Zhihao , Cheng Jie , Kang Feiyu , Yang Ying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe viable Li metal anodes (LMAs) are still hampered by the safety concerns resulting from fast Li dendrite growth and huge volume expansion during cycling. Herein, carbon nanofiber matrix anchored with MgZnO nanoparticles (MgZnO/CNF) is developed as a flexible triple‐gradient host for long cycling LMAs. The superlithiophilic MgZnO nanoparticles significantly increase the wettability of CNF for fast and homogeneous infusion with molten Li. The in‐built potential and lithiophilic gradients constructed after an in situ lithiation of MgZnO and CNF enable nearly zero Li nucleation overpotential and homogeneous deposition of lithium at different scales. As such, the LMAs based on MgZnO/CNF achieve long cycling life and small overpotential even at a record‐high current density of 50 mA cm−2 and a high areal capacity of 10 mAh cm−2. A full cell paring with this designed LMA and LiFePO4 exhibits a capacity retention up to 82% after 600 cycles at a high rate of 5 C. A Li‐ion capacitor also shows an impressive capacity retention of 84% at 5 A g−1 after 10 000 cycles. Such a Li@MgZnO/CNF anode is a promising candidate for Li‐metal energy storage systems, especially working under ultrahigh current density.
Domestic energy usage and its' health implications on residents of the Ese‐Odo and Okitipupa local government areas of Ondo state, Nigeria
Authors: Adetayo Olorunjuwon David , Adeyinka Samson Ajibola , Agbabiaka Hafeez Idowu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examined domestic energy usage and its health implication on residents of Ese‐Odo and Okitipupa Local Government Areas (LGA), of Ondo State. Systematic random sampling was used to select 103 and 156 respondents in Ese‐Odo and Okitipupa LGA, respectively. It was established that environmental and socio‐economic related attributes influenced residents' choice of domestic energy type. Similarly, burns, blindness, stroke, cataract and pulmonary diseases were the most prevalent self‐reported ill‐health. A relatively weak correlation between domestic energy usage and ill‐health is experienced by the residents. Therefore, the study concluded that the use of traditional energy types had significant adverse effects on the health of the residents in Okitipupa and Ese‐Odo LGAs of Ondo State.
E‐waste in the world today: An overview of problems and a proposal for improvement in Brazil
Authors: de Albuquerque Carlos Alberto , Mello Carlos Henrique Pereira , Gomes José Henrique de Freitas , Santos Valquíria Claret dos , Zara Julia Vidigal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnvironmental issues have been at the center of society's concerns for a long time. Recently, this kind of concern is growing even more due to the damage caused to the environment by electrical and electronic product waste. Based on this same concern, this work aimed to analyze, through a literature review, the production and treatment of electronic waste in today's world, with an emphasis on Brazil and China. The articles reviewed point to an increase in the production of this type of waste, in both Brazil and China, and reveal that the current processes of treatment of electronic waste mostly aim to obtain profit through the recovery of precious metals such as copper. This paper concluded that although Brazil is one of the major producers of e‐waste, more than 90% of its e‐waste has not had a proper final destination. This deficiency in e‐waste treatment in Brazil is mainly due to financial factors and the lack of a robust educational policy focused on the environment. Thus, this work suggests the implementation of an effective educational policy aimed at environmental conservation, as well as investments in research on recycling methods in Brazil, especially on the use of e‐waste as an aggregate in the manufacture of concrete.
Utility assessment of an Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of subclinical cases of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminant flocks
Authors: Costa Lina , Huerta Belén , Galán‐Relaño Ángela , Gómez‐Gascón Lídia , Almeida Anabela , Viegas Inês , Maldonado Alfonso 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe actual prevalence of CLA (caseous lymphadenitis) in small ruminant flocks is underestimated in many countries, and because it is not a notifiable disease, it will continue to spread without data and information about its real economic impact. The difficulty in the accurate identification of the causative agent in internal subclinical cases allows the disease to spread within and between flocks. This research intends to assess the utility of an ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) test in the detection of internal subclinical cases of CLA in farms and to simultaneously add data on the seroprevalence of the disease in Portugal. Sera from 756 small ruminants, 70% sheep (528/756) and 30% goats (228/756) were screened for antibodies against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis using the ELISA technique based on a recombinant phospholipase D (ELITEST CLA # CK105A®). The animals showing internal lesions (n ꞊ 58) were sampled for the identification of the aetiological agent. In this investigation, the prevalence of CLA was 34% (258/756), with the ELISA test showing a low specificity (78%) and high sensitivity (100%). The proof was able to detect 57% (13/23) of subclinical cases of CLA confirmed by postmortem examination and conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The results also reveal that goats have a higher propensity for the disease, and dairy farms and non‐extensive production units appear to be more susceptible to CLA. This research clarifies an actual problem and pointed out the importance of CLA in small ruminant herds in Portugal. Finally seems to demonstrate that the ELISA test is a good diagnostic tool for use in CLA eradication programmes.
Paleoenvironmental humanities: Challenges and prospects of writing deep environmental histories
Authors: Hussain S.T. , Riede F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnvironmental uncertainty, climate change, and ecological crisis loom large in the present and permeate scenarios of potential futures. To understand these predicaments and prepare for potentially catastrophic scenarios, there have been repeated calls to explore the diverse human–climate relations of human societies in the past. The archeological record offers rich datasets on human–environment articulations reflected in artifacts, ecofacts, and their relational entanglements. Much of these human–environment conjugations are, in the absence of written records, only accessible archeologically, yet that discipline has played little role in the “environmental turn” of the humanities or the climate change debate. In an effort to articulate archeological research traditions with these concerns, we frame the notion of the paleoenvironmental humanities (pEH): a deep‐time training ground for current ideas and theories on the interrelationship of human behavior, climate, and environmental change. The key objective of the pEH is to offer a rejoinder between ecological reductionism and the adoption of full‐scale environmental relativism, opening up new interpretive and comparative terrain for the examination of human–climate relations. We probe the potential of this perspective by drawing on insights from Pleistocene archeology. The long‐term temporalities of the Pleistocene, we argue, promote alternative imaginaries of the human–climate nexus and draw attention to similarly long‐term futures. We end our proposal with a reflection on the responsibility of archeological practitioners to balance hopeful narratives of human adaptability with those of societal collapse, countering the emergent linkage between climate skepticism and right‐wing nationalism, and to bring such issues to public attention.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
Offshore wind turbine reliability and operational simulation under uncertainties
Authors: Dao Cuong D. , Kazemtabrizi Behzad , Crabtree Christopher J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fast‐growing offshore wind energy sector brings opportunities to provide a sustainable energy resource but also challenges in offshore wind turbine (OWT) operation and maintenance management. Existing operational simulation models assume deterministic input reliability and failure cost data, whereas OWT reliability and failure costs vary depending on several factors, and it is often not possible to specify them with certainty. This paper focuses on modelling reliability and failure cost uncertainties and their impacts on OWT operational and economic performance. First, we present a probabilistic method for modelling reliability data uncertainty with a quantitative parameter estimation from available reliability data resources. Then, failure cost uncertainty is modelled using fuzzy logic that relates a component's failure cost to its capital cost and downtime. A time‐sequential Monte Carlo simulation is presented to simulate operational sequences of OWT components. This operation profile is later fed into a fuzzy cost assessment and coupled with a wind power curve model to evaluate OWT availability, energy production, operational expenditures and levelised cost of energy. A case study with different sets of reliability data is presented, and the results show that impacts of uncertainty on OWT performance are magnified in databases with low components' reliability. In addition, both reliability and cost uncertainties can contribute to more than 10% of the cost of energy variation. This research can provide practitioners with methods to handle data uncertainties in reliability and operational simulation of OWTs and help them to quantify the variability and dependence of wind power performance on data uncertainties.
Ecological and human health risk assessment
Authors: Choudri B. S. , Al‐Nasiri Noura , Charabi Yassine , Al‐Awadhi Talal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe literature review presented in this paper includes the ecological and human health risk assessment in the form of receptors in the environment. The main objective of this review to highlight a summary of the many studies undertaken in the year 2019. The first part of the review covers the papers published on the health risk assessment related to human and ecological health. This article focuses on methods and tools utilized for the analysis of scientific studies and the data. The review provides main issues such as interpretation of data, uncertainty, and policies related to the management of risks. The ecological and human health risk assessment is divided into two main sections. Each of these sections presents in broad the risk assessment process namely pollution studies, remediation, and tools required for the management of natural resources and the environment.
Lessons Learned from Spectranomics: Wet Tropical Forests
Authors: Martin Roberta E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the major struggles for biodiversity science is how to measure biodiversity at scales relevant for conservation and management, particularly in wet tropical forests where vast, largely inaccessible landscapes and enormous taxonomic variation make field-based approaches alone infeasible, and current Earth-observing satellites are unable to detect compositional differences or forest functional changes over time. The Spectranomics approach was developed to link plant canopy functional traits to their spectral properties with the objective of providing time-varying, scalable methods for remote sensing (RS) of forest biodiversity. In this chapter we explain key components of Spectranomics and highlight some of the major lessons learned over the past decade as we developed the program in tropical forests sites around the world.
Using Remote Sensing for Modeling and Monitoring Species Distributions
Authors: Pinto-Ledezma Jesús N. , Cavender-Bares Jeannine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInterpolated climate surfaces have been widely used to predict species distributions and develop environmental niche models. However, the spatial coverage and density of meteorological sites used to develop these surfaces vary among countries and regions, such that the most biodiverse regions often have the most sparsely sampled climatic data. We explore the potential of satellite remote sensing (S-RS) products—which have consistently high spatial and temporal resolution and nearly global coverage—to quantify species-environment relationships that predict species distributions. We propose several new environmental metrics that take advantage of high temporal resolution in S-RS data and compare these approaches to classic climate-only approaches using the live oaks (Quercus section Virentes) as a case study. We show that models perform similarly but for some species, particularly in understudied regions, show less precision in predicting spatial distribution. These results provide evidence supporting efforts to enhance environmental niche models and species distribution models (ENMs/SDMs) with S-RS data and, when combined with other approaches for species detection, will likely enhance our ability to monitor biodiversity globally.
Laguerre Ensemble: Correlators, Hurwitz Numbers and Hodge Integrals
Authors: Gisonni Massimo , Grava Tamara , Ruzza Giulio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe consider the Laguerre partition function and derive explicit generating functions for connected correlators with arbitrary integer powers of traces in terms of products of Hahn polynomials. It was recently proven in Cunden et al. (Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré D, to appear) that correlators have a topological expansion in terms of weakly or strictly monotone Hurwitz numbers that can be explicitly computed from our formulae. As a second result, we identify the Laguerre partition function with only positive couplings and a special value of the parameter $$\alpha =-1/2$$

α
=
-
1
/
2

with the modified GUE partition function, which has recently been introduced in Dubrovin et al. (Hodge-GUE correspondence and the discrete KdV equation. arXiv:1612.02333) as a generating function for Hodge integrals. This identification provides a direct and new link between monotone Hurwitz numbers and Hodge integrals.
Banach-Valued Modulation Invariant Carleson Embeddings and Outer-$$L^p$$ Spaces: The Walsh Case
Authors: Amenta Alex , Uraltsev Gennady 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe prove modulation invariant embedding bounds from Bochner spaces$$L^p(\mathbb {W};X)$$Lp(W;X)on the Walsh group to outer-$$L^p$$Lpspaces on the Walsh extended phase plane. The Banach spaceXis assumed to be UMD and sufficiently close to a Hilbert space in an interpolative sense. Our embedding bounds imply$$L^p$$Lpbounds and sparse domination for the Banach-valued tritile operator, a discrete model of the Banach-valued bilinear Hilbert transform.
Experimental investigations on longitudinal-torsional vibration-assisted milling of Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Rinck Philipp M. , Gueray Alpcan , Kleinwort Robin , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn vibration-assisted milling (VAM), an additional high-frequency oscillation is superimposed on the kinematics of a conventional machining process. This generates oscillations of the cutting edge in the range of a few micrometers, thereby causing a high-frequency change in the cutting speed and/or the feed. Consequently, a reduction of cutting forces, an increase of the tool life, and an improvement of the workpiece quality can be achieved. This paper shows and compares the effects of longitudinal and longitudinal-torsional (L-T) vibrations on the cutting force, the tool life, and the surface quality when milling Ti-6Al-4V. In comparison with the conventional milling process, the cutting forces are significantly reduced and the surface finish of the workpiece can be improved by introducing ultrasonic vibrations to the milling process. Longitudinal-torsional vibration assistance showed better overall process performance than the pure longitudinal vibration assistance.
QT Variability Index is Correlated with Autonomic Nerve Activity in Healthy Children
Authors: Kusuki Hirofumi , Tsuchiya Yuka , Mizutani Yuri , Nishio Miki , Oikawa Shota , Nagata Rina , Kiriyanagi Yumi , Horio Kayo , Kojima Arisa , Uchida Hidetoshi , Kojima Namiko , Saito Kazuyoshi , Sadanaga Tsuneaki , Hata Tadayoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe QT variability index (QTVI), which measures the instability of myocardial repolarization, is usually calculated from a single electrocardiogram (ECG) recording and can be easily applied in children. It is well known that frequency analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) can detect autonomic balance, but it is not clear whether QTVI is correlated with autonomic tone. Therefore, we evaluated the association between QTVI and HRV to elucidate whether QTVI is correlated with autonomic nerve activity. Apparently, healthy 320 children aged 0–7 years who visited Fujita Health University Hospital for heart checkup examinations were included. The RR and QT intervals of 60 continuous heart beats were measured, and the QTVI was calculated using the formula of Berger et al. Frequency analysis of HRV, including the QTVI analysis region, was conducted for 2 min and the ratio of low-frequency (LF) components to high-frequency (HF) components (LF/HF) and HF/(LF + HF) ratio was calculated as indicators of autonomic nerve activity. Then, the correlations between QTVI and these parameters were assessed. QTVI showed a significant positive correlation with LF/HF ratio (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) and negative correlation with HF/(LF + HF) ratio (r = −0.429, p < 0.001). These correlations remained after adjustment for sex and age. QTVI, which is calculated from non-invasive ECG and can detect abnormal myocardial repolarization, is significantly correlated with frequency analysis of HRV parameters. QTVI reflects autonomic nerve balance in children.