bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations – implications for dietary intake recommendations
Authors: Böhm Volker , Lietz Georg , Olmedilla-Alonso Begoña , Phelan David , Reboul Emmanuelle , Bánati Diana , Borel Patrick , Corte-Real Joana , de Lera Angel R , Desmarchelier Charles , Dulinska-Litewka Joanna , Landrier Jean-Francois , Milisav Irina , Nolan John , Porrini Marisa , Riso Patrizia , Roob Johannes M , Valanou Elisavet , Wawrzyniak Agata , Winklhofer-Roob Brigitte M , Rühl Ralph , Bohn Torsten 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding carotenoid intake recommendations, because positive and negative health effects have been found or are correlated with carotenoid intake and tissue levels (including blood, adipose tissue, and the macula), depending on the type of study (epidemiological vs intervention), the dose (physiological vs supraphysiological) and the matrix (foods vs supplements, isolated or used in combination). All these factors, combined with interindividual response variations (eg, depending on age, sex, disease state, genetic makeup), make the relationship between carotenoid intake and their blood/tissue concentrations often unclear and highly variable. Although blood total carotenoid concentrations &lt;1000 nmol/L have been related to increased chronic disease risk, no dietary reference intakes (DRIs) exist. Although high total plasma/serum carotenoid concentrations of up to 7500 nmol/L are achievable after supplementation, a plateauing effect for higher doses and prolonged intake is apparent. In this review and position paper, the current knowledge on carotenoids in serum/plasma and tissues and their relationship to dietary intake and health status is summarized with the aim of proposing suggestions for a “normal,” safe, and desirable range of concentrations that presumably are beneficial for health. Existing recommendations are likewise evaluated and practical dietary suggestions are included.
What the Centipede Knows: Polycentricity and ‘Theory’ for Common Lawyers
Authors: Swaminathan Shivprasad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For Michael Polanyi, ‘polycentricity’ was a method of decision making—of which he saw the common law as a prime exemplar—where numerous decision makers mutually adjust their decisions to their expectations of what will pass muster with the community of decision makers, without the use of any common blueprint. This article argues that Polanyi’s idea of polycentricity—once disentangled from Lon Fuller’s borrowed, but unrelated, use of the term—has the potential to illuminate much for the legal theorist. First, from several elements in the common law’s functioning that are liable to come across as ‘muddling through’, polycentricity helps us glean a sophisticated philosophical method primed to cut through difficult moral problems. Secondly, the idea of polycentricity helps locate—and address—the incongruity between the functioning of the common law and the theoretical model typically used to construct ‘theory’ in various areas, especially private law, which manifests in practitioners’ wariness of theory.
Quantum holographic entanglement entropy to all orders in 1/N expansion
Authors: Hirano Shinji 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study holographic entanglement entropy in four-dimensional quantum gravity with negative cosmological constant. By using the replica trick and evaluating path integrals in the minisuperspace approximation, in conjunction with the Wheeler–DeWitt equation, we compute quantum corrections to the holographic entanglement entropy for a circular entangling surface on the boundary three-sphere. Similarly to our previous work on the sphere partition function, the path integrals are dominated by a replica version of asymptotically anti-de Sitter conic geometries at saddle points. As expected from a general conformal field theory argument, the final result is minus the free energy on the three-sphere, which agrees with the logarithm of the Airy partition function for the Aharony–Bergman–Jafferis–Maldacena theory that sums up all perturbative $1/N$ corrections despite the absence of supersymmetries. The all-order holographic entanglement entropy cleanly splits into two parts, (1) the $1/N$-corrected Ryu–Takayanagi minimal surface area and (2) the bulk entanglement entropy across the minimal surface, as suggested in the earlier literature. It is explicitly shown that the former comes from the localized conical singularity of the replica geometries and the latter from the replication of the bulk volume.
Anomalies and False Rejections
Authors: Chordia Tarun , Goyal Amit , Saretto Alessio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe use information from over 2 million trading strategies randomly generated using real data and from strategies that survive the publication process to infer the statistical properties of the set of strategies that could have been studied by researchers. Using this set, we compute $t$-statistic thresholds that control for multiple hypothesis testing, when searching for anomalies, at 3.8 and 3.4 for time-series and cross-sectional regressions, respectively. We estimate the expected proportion of false rejections that researchers would produce if they failed to account for multiple hypothesis testing to be about 45%.
Splicing factor SRSF1 controls T cell homeostasis and its decreased levels are linked to lymphopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Katsuyama Takayuki , Martin-Delgado Ignacio Juarez , Krishfield Suzanne M , Kyttaris Vasileios C , Moulton Vaishali R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Lymphopenia is a frequent clinical manifestation and risk factor for infections in SLE, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We previously identified novel roles for the RNA-binding protein serine arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) in the control of genes involved in signalling and cytokine production in human T cells. SRSF1 is decreased in T cells from patients with SLE and associates with severe disease. Because SRSF1 controls the expression of apoptosis-related genes, we hypothesized that SRSF1 controls T cell homeostasis and, when reduced, leads to lymphopenia.

Methods
We evaluated SRSF1 expression in T cells from SLE patients by immunoblots and analysed its correlation with clinical parameters. T cell conditional Srsf1 knockout mice were used to evaluate lymphoid cells and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Quantitative PCR and immunoblots were used to assess Bcl-xL mRNA and protein expression. SRSF1 overexpression was performed by transient transfections by electroporation.

Results
We found that low SRSF1 levels correlated with lymphopenia in SLE patients. Selective deletion of Srsf1 in T cells in mice led to T cell lymphopenia, with increased apoptosis and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Lower SRSF1 expression correlated with low Bcl-xL levels in T cells and lower Bcl-xL levels associated with lymphopenia in SLE patients. Importantly, overexpression of SRSF1 rescued survival of T cells from patients with SLE.

Conclusion
Our studies uncovered a previously unrecognized role for SRSF1 in the control of T cell homeostasis and its reduced expression as a molecular defect that contributes to lymphopenia in systemic autoimmunity.
The electronic cigarette epidemic in youth and young adults
Authors: Burt Brian , Li Jing 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Electronic cigarettes are the most common form of nicotine delivery used by youth and young adults, and in 2018, the US Surgeon General declared this to be an epidemic. The developing adolescent brain is vulnerable to nicotine exposure, which can lead to long-lasting cognitive and mood disorders. Screening rates for vaping are low and lack of knowledge by adolescents, clinicians, parents, and caregivers is high. This article reviews the components of vaping, prevalence, adverse reactions, regulation, treatment, and prevention strategies related to vaping in youth and young adults.
Impact of Chronic DMARD Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Undergoing Surgery of the Craniovertebral Junction
Authors: Elia Christopher J. , Brazdzionis James , Toor Harjyot , Takayanagi Ariel , Hariri Omid , Asgarzadie Farbod , Rao Sanjay , Guppy Kern , Tashjian Vartan 
Published: February 2020

Study Design.
A multi-centered retrospective review from five institutions.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine whether continuing or withholding disease-modifying antirheumatoid drugs (DMARDs) in the perioperative period affect outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing arthrodesis at the craniovertebral junction

Summary of Background Data.
RA is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects the cervical spine and is treated with DMARDs. Some advocate withholding DMARDs in the perioperative period due to concern for the cytotoxic effects of these medications. However, the impact of DMARDs in the perioperative period is not well understood.

Methods.
A multicenter retrospective study from five affiliated institutions was performed. Adult patients with RA on chronic DMARDs undergoing posterior arthrodesis of the craniovertebral junction (occipital-cervical or atlanto-axial arthrodesis) were identified. Patients were stratified based on whether DMARD therapy was continued (C group) or discontinued (DC group) in the perioperative period. The primary outcome was the need for reoperation and reason for reoperation.

Results.
Thirty-nine patients met inclusion criteria, 19 in C group and 20 in DC group. Average follow-up time was 42 months. Four patients (three in DC group and one in C group) required reoperation. Two patients from the DC group required readmission secondary to RA flare-up.

Conclusion.
Our cohort of RA patients who underwent occipital-cervical and C1/C2 posterior arthrodesis showed no significant differences in surgical complications when DMARD therapy was continued or discontinued in the perioperative period. The decision to continue or discontinue DMARD therapy in the perioperative period is at the discretion of the treating physician, but we encourage physicians to counsel patients regarding this theoretical risk and their tolerance of the medications as well as the risk of RA flare-up. Factors such as overall health, disease burden, nutrition, bone quality, smoking status, and other comorbid conditions are likely to have a larger influence on perioperative complications.

Level of Evidence: 3
Reliability and Validity of the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale in Patients With Heart Disease and Moderate to Severe Hopelessness
Authors: Dunn Susan L. , DeVon Holli A. , Buursma Madison P. , Boven Emma , Tintle Nathan L. 
Published: February 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale (STHS) in patients with heart disease who report moderate to severe state hopelessness.

Methods
Reliability, concurrent validity, and convergent validity were evaluated for 20 patients.

Results
Cronbach's α for the State and Trait subscales were .81 and .79, respectively. Strong correlations between the State Hopelessness Subscale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (r = 0.77, P < .001), State Hope Scale (r = −0.75, P < .001), EQ-5D-5L (r = 0.59, P < .005), and PROMIS-29 domains of depression (P = .72, P < .001), fatigue (P = .61, P < .001), and social roles (P = .45, P = .047) were found. There were strong correlations between the Trait Hopelessness Subscale and Trait Hope Scale (r = −0.58, P < .005), State Hope Scale (r = −0.49, P = .03), and PROMIS-29 fatigue domain (r = 0.54, P = .015).

Conclusions
Findings support the reliability and validity of the STHS for evaluation of hopelessness in patients with heart disease.
Crafting effective messages to enhance safe infant sleep
Authors: Middlemiss Wendy , Brownstein Naomi C. , Nelson Scott P. , Manchiraju Srikant , Leddy Miranda , Steliotes Nicole , Grzywacz Joseph G. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Health care professionals are continually challenged by the need to provide health information in a way that successfully changes health practices. Research has documented this as a concern in relation to safe infant sleep health campaigns. Often, caregivers' knowledge of recommended practices is not associated with a change in infant sleep choices.

Purpose:
Health campaigns, including most safe infant sleep efforts, often share specific risk factors and steps for avoiding risk, that is, in a verbatim format. Research has shown that caregivers' behavior may be more likely to change when presented with messages based on their general understanding of risk, that is, gist-based format. This research examines caregivers' responses as related to verbatim- and gist-based safe sleep information.

Methods:
Five hundred forty-one caregivers of infants were shown 12 images depicting infants in safe or unsafe sleep spaces. Images varied across three commercially available spaces, infant race, and presence/absence of one policy-based risk factor.

Results:
Differences in caregivers' discernment of safe and unsafe sleep images paralleled reported differences in knowledge of safe sleep recommendations. Discernment of safe/unsafe images was greater for White than Black caregivers, as well as for females in comparison with male caregivers. Gist-based considerations, such as familiarity with the sleeper depicted or infant race, were also associated with caregivers' discernment of safe/unsafe images.

Implications for practice:
Attending to both gist- and verbatim-based knowledge regarding safe infant sleep campaign information may help to effectively facilitate caregivers' ability to always create safe sleep spaces for their infants.
Beyond the discipline: Nurse practitioner members and leaders of interdisciplinary research teams
Authors: Kalmakis Karen A. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Complex clinical questions and problems require expertise beyond one discipline to answer or resolve. Research teams that include members with different foundational perspectives across various disciplines are needed. In particular, the growing trend toward technological innovations to help patients self-manage health has been the impetus for the development of interdisciplinary research teams. The goal of this study was to provide guidance for nurse practitioners who are interested in developing effective and successful interdisciplinary teams to complete clinical research projects. A case example is used throughout the study to illustrate the process of interdisciplinary team building. The success of interdisciplinary teams requires team members who are fully invested in the project, available and willing to engage and communicate with other members of the team, and able to form relationships of trust and respect for each discipline's unique contributions to the project.
Development and Pilot Testing of Decision Aid for Shared Decision Making in Barrett’s Esophagus With Low-Grade Dysplasia
Authors: Krishnamoorthi Rajesh , Hargraves Ian , Gopalakrishnan Naveen , Blevins Christopher H. , Priyan Harshith , Johnson Michele L. , Maixner Kristyn A. , Wang Kenneth K. , Katzka David A. , Talwalkar Jayant A. , LeBlanc Annie , Iyer Prasad G. 
Published: February 2020

Goals:
To develop an encounter decision aid [Barrett’s esophagus Choice (BE-Choice)] for patients and clinicians to engage in shared decision making (SDM) for management of BE with low-grade dysplasia (BE-LGD) and assess its impact on patient-important outcomes.

Background:
Currently, there are 2 strategies for management of BE-LGD—endoscopic surveillance and ablation. SDM can help patients decide on their preferred management option.

Study:
Phase-I: Patients and clinicians were engaged in a user-centered design approach to develop BE-Choice. Phase-I included review of evidence on BE-LGD management, observation of usual care (UC), creation, field-testing, and iterative development of BE-Choice in clinical settings. Phase-II: Impact of BE-Choice on patient-important outcomes (patient knowledge, decisional conflict, and patient involvement in decision making) was assessed using a controlled before-after study design (UC vs. BE-Choice).

Results:
Phase-I: Initial prototype was designed with observation of 8 clinical encounters. With field-testing, 3 successive iterations were made before finalizing BE-Choice. BE-Choice was paper based and fulfilled the qualifying criteria of International patient decision aid standards. Phase II: 29 patients were enrolled, 8 to UC and 21 to BE-Choice. Compared with UC, use of BE-Choice improved patient knowledge (90.4% vs. 70.5%; P=0.03), decisional comfort (89.6 vs. 71.9; P=0.01), and patient involvement (OPTION score: 27.1 vs. 19.2; P=0.01).

Conclusions:
BE-Choice is a feasible and effective decision aid to promote SDM in the management of BE-LGD. On pilot testing, BE-Choice had promising impact on patient-important outcomes. A larger multicenter trial is needed to confirm our results and promote widespread use of BE-Choice.
County-level Variation in Low Birthweight and Preterm Birth
Authors: Brown Clare C. , Moore Jennifer E. , Felix Holly C. , Stewart M. Kathryn , Tilford J. Mick 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Rates of low birthweight and prematurity vary 2-fold across states in the United States, with increased rates among states with higher concentrations of racial minorities. Medicaid expansion may serve as a mechanism to reduce geographic variation within states that expanded, by improving health and access to care for vulnerable populations.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to identify the association of Medicaid expansion with changes in county-level geographic variation in rates of low birthweight and preterm births, overall and stratified by race/ethnicity.

Research Design:
We compared changes in the coefficient of variation and the ratio of the 80th-to-20th percentiles using bootstrap samples (n=1000) of counties drawn separately for all births and for white, black, and Hispanic births, separately.

Measures:
County-level rates of low birthweight and preterm birth.

Results:
Before Medicaid expansion, counties in expansion states were concentrated among quintiles with lower rates of adverse birth outcomes and counties in nonexpansion states were concentrated among quintiles with higher rates. In expansion states, county-level variation, measured by the coefficient of variation, declined for both outcomes among all racial/ethnic categories. In nonexpansion states, geographic variation reduced for both outcomes among Hispanic births and for low birthweight among white births, but increased for both outcomes among black births.

Conclusions:
The decrease in county-level variation in adverse birth outcomes among expansion states suggests improved equity in these states. Further reduction in geographic variation will depend largely on policies or interventions that reduce racial disparities in states that did and did not expand Medicaid.
Mortality and causes of death in people living with HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy compared with the general population in Japan
Authors: Nishijima Takeshi , Inaba Yosuke , Kawasaki Yohei , Tsukada Kunihisa , Teruya Katsuji , Kikuchi Yoshimi , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Oka Shinichi 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
To determine the mortality and causes of death in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Japan.

Design:
A prospective cohort study at AIDS Clinical Center, Tokyo, which treats approximately 10% of PLHIV in care in Japan.

Methods:
Either PLHIV who visited our center for the first time between January 2005 and December 2014 or PLHIV who started their regular visit before January 2005 and visited us between January and March 2005 were included and followed by the end of 2016. Causes of death were defined according to the CoDe protocol.

Results:
Two thousand, seven hundred and ninety-seven PLHIV were analysed with total of 18 858 person-years of follow-up, which constitutes 14% of the estimated number of PLHIV in care in Japan. One hundred and sixty-five (5.9%) PLHIV died with all-cause mortality rate of 8.75 per 1000 person-years. All-cause mortality rate for PLHIV in care in Japan was estimated to be 8.75 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 5.53–12.0). Among causes of death, AIDS-defining illnesses accounted for 39% and malignancy contributed to 47%. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all-cause mortality, malignancy-related mortality, and suicide were 5.96 (95% CI 5.05–6.87), 7.76 (95% CI 6.02–9.51), and 3.24 (95% CI 1.54–4.94), respectively. Even among the patients who were diagnosed early or without history of AIDS, SMR was four times higher than the general population.

Conclusion:
Mortality of PLHIV, even among those with early diagnosis, is substantially higher than that of the general population in Japan, highlighting the importance of further efforts towards prevention, early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation.
The Biointegration of a Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix in a Novel Radiated Breast Reconstruction Model
Authors: Cottler Patrick S. , Sun Naidi , Thuman Jenna M. , Bielak Kendall M. H. , Salopek Lisa S. , Piñeros-Fernandez Angela , Hu Song , Campbell Chris A. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Ideal acellular dermal matrices (ADM) for breast reconstruction exhibit native extracellular matrix (ECM) structure to allow rapid biointegration and appropriate mechanical properties for desired clinical outcomes. In a novel in vivo model of irradiated breast reconstruction, we describe the cellular and vascular ingrowth of Artia, a porcine product chemically prepared to mimic the biomechanics of human ADM, with retained natural ECM structure to encourage cellular ingrowth.

Methods
Utilizing the murine dorsal skinfold model, Artia was implanted into 16 C57bl/6 mice. Eight of the mice received a single dose 35 Gy radiation to the skin, followed by 12 weeks to produce radiation fibrosis and 8 mice served as nonradiated controls. Real-time photoacoustic microscopy of vascular integration and oxygen saturation within the ADM were made over 14 days. At 21 days, vascular ingrowth (CD31), fibroblast scar tissue formation (alpha smooth-muscle actin α-SMA, vimentin), and macrophage function (M2/M1 ratio) were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy images of Artia were produced to help interpret the potential orientation of cellular and vascular ingrowth.

Results
Repeated photoacoustic microscopy imaging demonstrated vascular ingrowth increasing over 14 days, with a commensurate increase in oxygen saturation within both radiated and nonradiated ADM—albeit at an insignificantly lower rate in the radiated group. By day 21, robust CD31 staining was seen that was insignificantly greater in the nonradiated group. Of the fibroblast markers, vimentin expression was significantly greater in the radiated group (P < 0.05). Macrophage lineage phenotype was consistent with remodeling physiology in both radiated and nonradiated groups. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated transversely organized collagen fibrils with natural porous ECM structure to allow cellular ingrowth.

Conclusions
Artia demonstrates appropriate biointegration, with increased oxygen saturation by 14 days, consistent with the performance of other collagen substrates in this model. Radiation fibrosis resulted in higher vimentin expression yet did not impact macrophage phenotype while only modestly decreasing Artia biointegration suggesting that ADM may have a role in reconstructive efforts in a radiated setting. Taken together with its enhanced biomechanics, this porcine ADM product is well poised to be clinically applicable to breast reconstruction.