bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population migration, spread of COVID-19, and epidemic prevention and control: empirical evidence from China
Authors: Hu Zhen , Wu Yuanyang , Yang Hualei , Lin Xie , Zhang Anqi , Lin Xueyu , Nie Yafeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study applied the SEIR model to analyze and simulate the transmission mechanisms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Methods: The population migration was embedded in the SEIR model to simulate and analyze the effects of the amount of population inflow on the number of confirmed cases. Based on numerical simulations, this study used statistical data for the empirical validation of its theoretical deductions and discussed how to improve the effectiveness of epidemic prevention and control considering population migration variables. Statistics regarding the numbers of infected people in various provinces were obtained from the epidemic-related data reported by China’s National Health Commission.Results: This study explored how the epidemic should be prevented and controlled from the perspective of population migration variables. It found that a combination of a susceptible population, an infected population, and transmission media was an important route affecting the number of infections and that the migration of a Hubei-related infected population played a key role in promoting epidemic spread. Epidemic prevention and control should focus on regions with better economic conditions than the epidemic region. Prevention and control efforts should focus on the more populated neighboring provinces having convenient transportation links with the epidemic region. To prevent and control epidemic spread, priority should be given to elucidating the destinations and directions of population migration from the domestic origin of infections, and then stemming population migration or human-to-human contact after such migration. Conclusions: This study enriched and expanded on simulations of the effects of population migration on the COVID-19 epidemic and China-based empirical studies while offering an epidemic evaluation and warning mechanism to prevent and control similar public health emergencies in the future.
The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Macrophage Targeting Delivery System in Different Macrophage Subsets Related Diseases
Authors: Yuan Yuchuan , Long Ling , Liu Jiaxing , Lin Yongyao , Peng Cuiping , Tang Yue , Zhou Xuemei , Li Shuhui , Zhang Chengyuan , Li Xiaohui , Zhou Xing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Monocyte/macrophage-targeting delivery systems (MTDSs) have been focused upon as an emerging routine for delivering drugs to treat various macrophage-related diseases. However, the ability of MTDSs to distinguish different macrophage-related diseases and their impact on macrophage function and disease progression have not been systematically revealed, which is important for actively targeted therapeutic or diagnostic strategies. Results: Herein, we used dextran-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (DEX-PS) to demonstrate that modification of nanoparticles by dextran can specifically enhance their recognition by M2 macrophages in vitro, but it is obstructed by monocytes in peripheral blood according to in vivo assays. DEX-PS not only targeted and became distributed in tumors, an M2 macrophage-related disease, but was also highly distributed in an M1 macrophage-related disease, namely acute peritonitis. Thus, DEX-PS acts as a double-edged sword in these two different diseases by reeducating macrophages to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MTDSs, even those designed based on differential expression of receptors on specific macrophage subtypes, lack the ability to distinguish different macrophage subtype-related diseases in vivo. In addition to the potential impact of these carrier materials on macrophage function, studies of MTDSs should pay greater attention to the distribution of nanoparticles in non-target macrophage-infiltrated disease sites and their impact on disease processes.
Sleep disturbances and depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: associations with delivery and new-born health
Authors: Peltonen Hilla , Paavonen Ella Juulia , Saarenpää-Heikkilä Outi , Vahlberg Tero , Paunio Tiina , Polo-Kantola Päivi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbances and mood symptoms are common in late pregnancy and they contribute to the decline in daytime quality of health and life in expecting mothers. This study evaluated the effect of these disturbances on delivery and new-born health as these associations have been insufficiently covered in the previous literature.Methods: A cohort of 1414 mothers was enrolled in the third trimester to this prospective cross-sectional questionnaire study. Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire was assessed for measurement of sleep quality and sleep length, Epworth sleepiness scale for sleepiness, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for depression and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for anxiety. The data on delivery and new-born outcomes was obtained from hospital medical records.Results. Sleep disturbances were very common during pregnancy. Higher insomnia score (β = -0.06, p = 0.047) and longer sleep need (β = 0.07, p = 0.047) were related to delivery at a lower gestational age. In addition, higher insomnia score (β = -28.30, p = 0.010) and lower general sleep quality (β = -62.15, p = 0.025) were associated with lower birth weight. Instead, longer sleep duration and longer sleep need with higher birth weight (β = 28.06, p = 0.019; β = 27.61, p = 0.028, respectively). However, these findings regarding birth weight lost their significance when the birth weight was standardized with gestational weeks. Snoring was associated with a shorter duration of the 1st phase (β = -78.71, p = 0.015) and total duration of delivery (β = -79.85, p = 0.016). Mothers who suffered from high insomnia, depressive or anxiety symptoms were more often treated with oxytocin (OR 1.54 95% CI 1.00-2.38, p = 0.049, OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.02-3.04, p = 0.049 and OR 1.91, CI 95% 1.28-2.84, p < 0.001, respectively) and very depressive and anxious mothers delivered more often with elective caesarean section (OR 4.67, 95% CI 2.04-12.68, p < 0.001 and OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.03-4.79, p = 0.042).Conclusions: Maternal sleep disturbances and mood symptoms during pregnancy are associated with delivery and new-born health. However, in this normative sample nearly all the outcomes fell within a normal range, implying that the actual risks are low.
The COX-2-derived PGE2 autocrine contributes to bradykinin-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and astrocytic migration via STAT3 signaling
Authors: Lee Tsong-Hai , Liu Pei-Shan , Tsai Ming-Ming , Chen Jiun-Liang , Wang Su-Jane , Hsieh Hsi-Lung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is up-regulated by several proinflammatory mediators in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Increasing reports show that MMP-9 expression is an inflammatory biomarker of several CNS disorders, including the CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration. Bradykinin (BK) is a common proinflammatory mediator and elevated in several brain injury and inflammatory disorders. The raised BK may be detrimental effects on the CNS that may aggravate brain inflammation through MMP-9 up-regulation or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in brain astrocytes. However, the relationship between BK-induced MMP-9 expression and COX-2-derived PGE2 release in brain astrocytes remains unclear.Methods: Herein we used rat brain astrocytes (RBA) to investigate the role of the COX-2/PGE2 system in BK-induced MMP-9 expression. We used zymographic, RT-PCR, EIA, and Western blotting analyses to confirm that BK induces MMP-9 expression via a COX-2/PGE2-dependent pathway.Results: Our results show activation of native COX-2 by BK led to PGE2 production and release. Subsequently, PGE2 induced MMP-9 expression via PGE2 receptor (EP)-mediated c-Src, Jak2, ERK1/2, and then activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Finally, up-regulation of MMP-9 by BK via the pathway may promote astrocytic migration.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that a novel autocrine pathway for BK-induced MMP-9 protein expression is mediated through activation of STAT3 by native COX-2/PGE2-mediated c-Src/Jak2/ERK cascades in brain astrocytes.
Using Baidu search values to monitor and predict the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China:&nbsp;– evidence from Baidu Index&nbsp;
Authors: Tu Bizhi , Wei Laifu , Jia Yaya , Qian Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: New coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a severe threat to human life and causes a global pandemic. The purpose of current research is to explore whether the search-engine query patterns could serve as a potential tool for monitoring the outbreak of COVID-19.Methods: We collected the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases between January 11, 2020, and c, from the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). The search index values of the most common symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g., fever, cough, fatigue) were retrieved from Baidu Index. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between the Baidu index values for each COVID-19-related symptom and the number of confirmed cases. Regional distributions among 34 provinces/ regions in China were also analyzed. Results: Daily growth of confirmed cases and Baidu index values for each COVID-19 related symptoms presented a robust positive correlation during the outbreak (fever: rs=0.705, p=9.623×10-6; cough: rs=0.592, p=4.485×10-4; fatigue: rs=0.629, p=1.494×10-4; sputum production: rs=0.648, p=8.206×10-5; shortness of breath: rs=0.656, p=6.182×10-5). The average search-to-confirmed interval is 19.8 days in China. The daily Baidu Index value's optimal time lags were the fourth day for cough, third day for fatigue, firth day for sputum production, firth day for shortness of breath, and 0 days for fever. Conclusion: Search terms of COVID-19-related symptoms on the Baidu search engine have significant correlations with confirmed cases. Since the Baidu search engine can reflect the Public's attention to the pandemic and regional epidemics of viruses, relevant departments need to pay more attention to areas with high searches of COVID-19-related symptoms and take precautionary measures to prevent these potentially infected persons from further spreading.
BMSCs Seeding in Different Scaffold Incorporation with Hyperbaric Oxygen Treat Seawater Immersed Bony Defect
Authors: zhang gan , Chen Xiaosong , Cheng Xunsheng , Ma Xiuwu , Chen Congcong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The experiment was undertaken to estimate the effect of BMSCs seeding in different scaffold incorporation with HBO on the repair of seawater immersed bone defect. And future compared n-HA/PLGA with β-TCP/PLGA as scaffold in treatment effect of seawater immersed bone defect.Methods: 60 New Zealand White rabbits with standard seawater defect in radius were randomly divided to group A (implant with nothing), group B (implanted with atuogenous bone), group C (implanted with n-HA/PLGA/BMSCs, and Group D ( implanted with β-TCP/PLGA/BMSCs). After implant, each rabbit receive HBO treatment at 2.4 ATA 100% oxygen for 120 minutes per day for 2 weeeks. Radiograph, histological and biomechanical examination were used to analyze osteogenesis.Result: X-ray analysis show that n-HA/PLGA/BMSCs and β-TCP/PLGA/BMSCs could accelerate the new bone formation, and the new bone formation in group C was lager than in group D or group A, and close to group B (P<0.05). After 12 weeks, in group A, defect without scaffold show a loose connect tissue filled in the areas. The medullary canal in group B was recanalizated. Defect in group C and D show a larger number of wove bone formation. The new wove bone formation in defect areas in group C was lager than D. The mechanical examination revealed ultimate strength at 12 weeks were group D>group C>group B>group A(P<0.05).Conclusion: Scaffold of n-HA/PLGA and β-TCP/PLGA incorporation with HBO and BMSCs were effective to treat seawater immersed bone defect, and n-HA/PLGA was more excellent than β-TCP/PLGA.
Effect of Seed Extraction Methods of Tomato on Physiological Quality of Seeds and Seedlings
Authors: Degwale Alemu , Tesfa Tiru , Meseret Belete 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae is one of the most popular and most processed vegetable crops worldwide with a great nutritional contribution to the human diet. Though the demand for tomato products is increasing, its production is constricted by shortage of quality seeds due mainly to lack of appropriate seed extraction method. Inadequate seed extraction method also causes extensive disease epidemics. Conversely, empirical evidences are scanty on instant and latent effects of seed extraction methods. This study was therefore initiated to evaluate the effects of extraction methods on the physiological quality of seeds and seedlings of tomato.
Result

Results revealed that the highest germination percent (99.33 and 89.76% under laboratory and field conditions respectively) was obtained at 2% HCl for 60 minutes. Whereas, the maximum weight of 1000 seeds (4.277 g) was found at 1% of HCl for 30 minutes. Mycoflora load was maximum (36%) at fermentation for 72 hours. Yet, no mycoflora was detected from higher concentrations of HCl acid greater than 2% and time durations longer than 60 minutes.
Conclusion

the major seed quality parameters such as seed germination percent, seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and vigour indices were significantly higher at extraction method of 2% HCl for 60 minutes. Thus, it can be concluded that the maximum physiological seed quality and best performance of seedlings of tomato obtained from 2% HCl for 60 minutes seed extraction method of tomato.
Exploring general practitioners’ perceptions about the primary care gatekeeper role in Indonesia
Authors: Mulyanto Joko , Wibowo Yudhi , Kringos Dionne S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background In the current healthcare delivery system funded by National Health Insurance (NHI) in Indonesia, the gatekeeper role of primary care services is critical to ensuring equal healthcare access for the population. To be effective, gatekeeping relies on the performance of general practitioners (GPs). However, the perceptions held by Indonesian GPs about their gatekeeper role are not yet well documented. This study describes the self-perceived knowledge, attitudes and performance of Indonesian GPs with respect to the gatekeeper role and explores associated factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of all primary care facilities (N = 75) contracted by the regional NHI office in the Banyumas district. The 73 participating GPs completed a written questionnaire that assessed their knowledge, attitudes and performance in relation to the gatekeeper role. Personal and facility characteristics were analysed in a generalised linear model as possible associating factors.Results GPs scored relatively high in the domains of knowledge and performance but scored lower in their attitudes towards the gatekeeper role of primary care. In the full-adjusted model, no factors were significantly associated with the knowledge score. Work experience as GPs, private or civil service employment status and rural or urban location of the primary care facility were linked to attitude scores. Full- or part-time employment and type of facility were factors associated with the performance score. Conclusion GPs in Indonesia are knowledgeable and report that they adequately perform their function as gatekeepers in primary care. However, their attitudes towards the gatekeeper function are less positive. Attitudes and performance with respect to the primary care gatekeeper role are likely influenced more by contextual factors such as location and type of facility than by personal factors. Efforts to address contextual issues could include improvements in practice standards for privately practising physicians and public information campaigns about gatekeeping regulations. Such efforts will be crucial to improving the gatekeeper role of primary care in Indonesia and assuring efficient access to high-quality care for all.
Lipase-mediated interesterification of oils and fats for the preparation of bakery and confectionery fats
Authors: G HITHAMANI , Reddy Yella Sunki , Khatoon Sakina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bakery and confectionary fats were prepared by enzymatic interesterification of sal fat with palm stearin and palm mid fraction blends in various ratios. Slip melting point, free fatty acids, fatty acid composition, solid fat content and triglyceride composition were determined. Fatty acid composition revealed that the blends were rich in palmitic (13.9-58.5%), stearic (7.7-36.7%) and oleic (25.2-39.9%) with no trans fatty acids. Blends of sal:PSt (50:50), sal:PMF (50:50 and 25:75) showed high solid fat content at 20 and 25 °C with short melting range. After interesterification, plasticity of products increased, which were comparable with commercial bakery fat. Some of the blends alone showed short melting profile like cocoa butter. Interesterification produced significant alteration in the triacylglycerol composition of the blends studied. Blends and the interesterified products prepared showed favorable characteristics with no transfats and hence could be used in the place of commercial bakery and confectionary fats.
Integrated DNA methylation and gene expression analysis identified S100A8 and S100A9 in the pathogenesis of obesity
Authors: Chen Ningyuan , Miao Liu , Lin Wei , Zhou Dong-Hua , Huang Ling , Huang Jia , Shi Wan-Xin , Li Li-Lin , Luo Yu-Xing , Liang Hao , Pan Shang-Ling , Peng Jun-Hua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To explore the association of DNA methylation and gene expression in the pathology of obesity.Methods: (1) Genomic DNA methylation and mRNA expression profile of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were performed in a comprehensive database of gene expression in obese and normal subjects; (2) functional enrichment analysis and construction of differential methylation gene regulatory network were performed; (3) Validation of the two different methylation sites and corresponding gene expression was done in a separate microarray data set; and (4) correlation analysis was performed on DNA methylation and mRNA expression data.Results: A total of 77 differentially expressed mRNA matched with differentially methylated genes. Analysis revealed two different methylation sites corresponding to two unique genes-s100a8-cg09174555 and s100a9-cg03165378. Through the verification test of two interested different expression positions (DMPS) and their corresponding gene expression, we found that the methylation in these genes was negatively correlated to gene expression in the obesity group. Higher S100A8 and S100A9 expression in obese subjects were validated in a separate microarray data set.Conclusion: This study confirmed the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression and emphasized the important role of S100A8 and S100A9 in the pathogenesis of obesity.
Helical Coherent Structures in the Wake of Solitary Internal Waves Breaking on the Continental Slope
Authors: Soloviev Alexander , Vanderplow Breanna , Dean Cayla 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mixing caused by the solitary internal waves or solitons in stratified coastal waters is a primary cause of sediment resuspension and transport. Theoretical, experimental, and modeling studies of solitons have focused on nonlinear wave dynamics to explain their main features. However, the 3D cascade of energy from breaking internal wave solitons to turbulence and mixing in the wave induced wake has received less attention. Observations on the California shelf with a spatially distributed fiber optic sensing system revealed coherent structures in the wake of solitary internal waves breaking on the continental slope1,2. Here, we reproduced this phenomenon with a computational fluid dynamics model. The model demonstrated that the coherent structures in the wake of the breaking solitary internal wave are counterrotating helices. The concept of helicity3 as a topological invariant and a measure of the lack of mirror symmetry of the flow can explain the helical nature of these coherent structures4. Both observational and modeling results are consistent with this theoretical conjecture. These coherent structures have a substantial effect on the sediment transport in the bottom boundary layer, formation of nepheloid layers5, and nutrient fluxes.
Comparison of the Prediction of Winter Wheat Leaf Water Content by Using New Hyperspectral Index and Machine Learning Models
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Zhang Wen , Xiong Shuping , Song Zhaoxiang , Tian Wenzhong , Shi Lei , Ma Xinming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, hyperspectral technology was used to establish the winter wheat leaf water content inversion model to provide technical reference for winter wheat precision irrigation. In a field experiment, seven different wheat varieties for different irrigation times were treated during two consecutive years. The data onto canopy spectral reflectance and leaf water content (LWC) of winter wheat were collected. Five different modeling methods, Spectral index, partial least squares (PLSR), random forest (RF), extreme random tree (ERT) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) were used to construct LWC estimation models. The results showed that the canopy spectral reflectance was directly proportional to the irrigation times, especially in the near infrared band. As for LWC, the prediction effect of the newly differential spectral index DVI (R1185, R1308) is better than the existing spectral index, and R2 are 0.78. Because of the large amount of hyperspectral data. The correlation coefficient method (CA) and loading weight (x-Lw) are used to select the water characteristic bands from the full band. The results show that the accuracy of the model based on the characteristic band is not significantly lower than that of the full band. Among these models, the ERT- x-Lw model performs best (R2 and RMSE of 0.88 and 1.81; 0.84 and 1.62 for calibration and validation, respectively). In addition, the accuracy of LWC estimation model constructed by ERT-x-Lw was better than that of DVI (R1185, R1307). The results provide technical reference and basis for crop water monitoring and diagnosis under similar production conditions.
WITHDRAWN: The hidden diversity of diatrypaceous fungi in China; introducing Allodiatrypella gen. nov. and ten new species
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Wijayawardene Nalin N. , Ma Rong , You Chongjuan , Dai Dongqin , Huang Manrong , Tian Chengming , Fan Xinlei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the diversity of diatrypaceous fungi from six regions in China based on morpho-molecular analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of combined ITS and tub2 gene regions). We accept 24 genera in Diatrypaceae with 19 genera involved in the phylogram and the other five genera are lacking living materials with available sequences. Eleven species include in four genera (viz. Allocryptovalsa, Diatrype, Eutypella and Allodiatrypella gen. nov.) have been isolated from seven hosts species, of which ten novel species (Allocryptovalsa castanea, Allodiatrypella betulae, A. betulicola, A. betulina, A. hubeiensis, A. xinjiangensis, Diatrype betulae, D. castaneicola, D. quercicola and Eutypella castaneicola) are introduced in this study, while Eutypella citricola is a new record from Morus host. Current results show the high diversity of members of Diatrypaceae species which are wood-inhabiting fungi in China.