bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single center experience on implementation of the postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) in Sri Lanka: a retrospective study
Authors: Dasanayake D. L. W. , Patabendige M. , Amarasinghe Y. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives
to study the institutionalization of PPIUD services at Teaching Hospital, Mahamodara, Galle (THMG) and to study the feasibility, challenges and barriers for implementation.

Results
Total of 46,815 deliveries had occurred in the facility during the study period. Out of that 23,117 (49.4%) women had been counseled and 5775 (25.0%) of them were primigravida and 892 (3.9%) were teenage mothers. Total of 14,051 (60.8%) women were interviewed, but only 772 (5.5%) women consented for PPIUD. Consent withdrawal was seen in 29 (3.8%) cases. A total of 409 community health staff were trained for counseling and follow up. PPIUD uptake was 470 (3.4%) which is comparable to national figures. Follow up data at 1 year was available from 199 women and spontaneous expulsion had occurred in eight (6.7%) cases with no cases of perforation or failure in terms of pregnancy. This short report gives the impression that PPIUD can be successfully implemented in resource limited settings and this also provides a feedback for the policy makers to take the necessary actions to improve the uptake of this cost effective, safe PPFP method. A routine PPIUD service has been successfully established within a tertiary care maternity setting in Sri Lanka.
Leveraging machine learning and big data for optimizing medication prescriptions in complex diseases: a case study in diabetes management
Authors: Hosseini Mahsa Madani , Zargoush Manaf , Alemi Farrokh , Kheirbek Raya Elfadel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel algorithm for optimizing decision variables with respect to an outcome variable of interest in complex problems, such as those arising from big data. The proposed algorithm builds on the notion of Markov blankets in Bayesian networks to alleviate the computational challenges associated with optimization tasks in complex datasets. Through a case study, we apply the algorithm to optimize medication prescriptions for diabetic patients, who have different characteristics, suffer from multiple comorbidities, and take multiple medications concurrently. In particular, we demonstrate how the optimal combination of diabetic medications can be found by examining the comparative effectiveness of the medications among similar patients. The case study is based on 5 years of data for 19,223 diabetic patients. Our results indicate that certain patient characteristics (e.g., clinical and demographic features) influence optimal treatment decisions. Among patients examined, monotherapy with metformin was the most common optimal medication decision. The results are consistent with the relevant clinical guidelines and reports in the medical literature. The proposed algorithm obviates the need for knowledge of the whole Bayesian network model, which can be very complex in big data problems. The procedure can be applied to any complex Bayesian network with numerous features, multiple decision variables, and a target variable.
Using real-time online preprocessed mouse tracking for lower storage and transmission costs
Authors: Purnama Fajar , Usagawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPageview is the most popular webpage analytic metric in all sectors including blogs, business, e-commerce, education, entertainment, research, social media, and technology. To perform deeper analysis, additional methods are required such as mouse tracking, which can help researchers understand online user behavior on a single webpage. However, the geometrical data generated by mouse tracking are extremely large, and qualify as big data. A single swipe on a webpage from left to right can generate a megabyte (MB) of data. Fortunately, the geometrical data of each x and y point of the mouse trail are not always needed. Sometimes, analysts only need the heat map of a certain area or perhaps just a summary of the number of activities that occurred on a webpage. Therefore, recording all geometrical data is sometimes unnecessary. This work introduces preprocessing during real-time and online mouse tracking sessions. The preprocessing that is introduced converts the geometrical data from each x and y point to a region-of-interest concentration, in other words only heat map areas that the analyzer is interested in. Ultimately, the approach used here is able to greatly reduce the storage and transmission cost of real-time online mouse tracking.
Intramural metastasis to the appendix from ascending colon cancer: a case report
Authors: Abe Toshiya , Sakai Hiroshi , Hayashi Masataka , Nakamura So , Takesue Shin , Sada Masafumi , Kozono Shingo , Kitaura Yoshiki , Tanabe Yoshitaka , Nishihara Kazuyoshi , Mine Mari , Tamiya Sadafumi , Nakano Toru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Intramural metastasis is rare in colorectal cancer, especially metastasis of ascending colon cancer to the appendix.

Case presentation
A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for surgery for ascending colon cancer detected by medical examination. Colonoscopy identified a type-2 tumor in the ascending colon, which was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Abdominal computed tomography revealed focal thickening of the ascending colon and middle of the appendix and swelling of the lymph nodes around the ileocolic artery. The patient underwent laparoscopic right hemi-colectomy with D3 lymph node dissection. Histopathological findings revealed that the ascending colon cancer was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with lymphatic and vascular invasion (stage IIIB; pT3N2M0). Additionally, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was observed mainly in the submucosa and muscularis propria of the appendix, which was approximately 10 cm proximal to the ascending colon cancer. These findings indicated intramural metastasis to the appendix from the ascending colon cancer. The patient experienced recurrence with lung metastasis 2.5 years after the first surgery.

Conclusions
Intramural metastasis of ascending colon cancer to the appendix is extremely rare. Because the risk of recurrence and the prognosis for intramural metastasis has not been clarified, careful follow-up is recommended.
Specific vagus nerve stimulation parameters alter serum cytokine levels in the absence of inflammation
Authors: Tsaava Téa , Datta-Chaudhuri Timir , Addorisio Meghan E. , Masi Emily Battinelli , Silverman Harold A. , Newman Justin E. , Imperato Gavin H. , Bouton Chad , Tracey Kevin J. , Chavan Sangeeta S. , Chang Eric H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves is a widely used technique to treat a variety of conditions including chronic pain, motor impairment, headaches, and epilepsy. Nerve stimulation to achieve efficacious symptomatic relief depends on the proper selection of electrical stimulation parameters to recruit the appropriate fibers within a nerve. Recently, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve has shown promise for controlling inflammation and clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. This application of vagus nerve stimulation activates the inflammatory reflex, reducing levels of inflammatory cytokines during inflammation.

Methods
Here, we wanted to test whether altering the parameters of electrical vagus nerve stimulation would change circulating cytokine levels of normal healthy animals in the absence of increased inflammation. To examine this, we systematically tested a set of electrical stimulation parameters and measured serum cytokine levels in healthy mice.

Results
Surprisingly, we found that specific combinations of pulse width, pulse amplitude, and frequency produced significant increases of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), while other parameters selectively lowered serum TNF levels, as compared to sham-stimulated mice. In addition, serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly increased by select parameters of electrical stimulation but remained unchanged with others.

Conclusions
These results indicate that electrical stimulation parameter selection is critically important for the modulation of cytokines via the cervical vagus nerve and that specific cytokines can be increased by electrical stimulation in the absence of inflammation. As the next generation of bioelectronic therapies and devices are developed to capitalize on the neural regulation of inflammation, the selection of nerve stimulation parameters will be a critically important variable for achieving cytokine-specific changes.
Fostering students’ socioscientific decision-making: exploring the effectiveness of an environmental science competition
Authors: Garrecht Carola , Eckhardt Marc , Höffler Tim Niclas , Harms Ute 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo make informed decisions has been acknowledged as an essential ability to negotiate socioscientific issues. However, many young people show an inadequate understanding of how to make well-informed decisions, particularly in contexts that are connected to environmental problems. This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of an environmental science competition (BundesUmweltWettbewerb, BUW) to foster students’ socioscientific decision-making. Two different instruments, a paper-pencil test (N = 196 students) and retrospective interviews (N = 10 students), have been used in two successive studies. In addition, both of the applied instruments are investigated theoretically using the “assessment triangle” of the National Research Council (National Research Council, Knowing What Students Know, 2001) as a framework. The results of our studies indicate that participating in the environmental science competition predominantly fosters students’ socioscientific decision-making in its pre-selectional phase. We further argue that promoting the selectional phase of decision-making requires explicit and instructional guidance. With respect to the assessment of socioscientific decision-making, a focus on either structural (decision-making strategies) or contextual (decision content) conditions is argued. Outcomes are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications.
Storytelling Through Music: A Multidimensional Expressive Arts Intervention to Improve Emotional Well-Being of Oncology Nurses
Authors: Phillips Carolyn S. , Volker Deborah L. , Davidson Kristin L. , Becker Heather 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE: Rates of burnout among health care professionals are rising. Oncology nurses are at the forefront of cancer care, and maintenance of their well-being is crucial to delivering high-quality care to people with cancer. The purpose of this pilot study was to implement a novel intervention, Storytelling Through Music, and examine the effects on depression, insomnia, loneliness, self-awareness, self-compassion, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction in oncology nurses. METHODS: This two-group (intervention and control), quasi-experimental study of a 6-week intervention combined storytelling, reflective writing, songwriting, and stress management skills. RESULTS: Participants (N = 43) were predominately white (98%), with 27% reporting Hispanic ethnicity, and female (95%); their average oncology experience was 8.5 years. Both groups improved significantly over time on all measures. Compared with the control group, participants in the intervention group also had significantly less loneliness ( F[3, 98] = 7.46; P < .001) and insomnia ( F[3, 120] = 5.77; P < .001) and greater self-compassion ( F[3, 105] = 2.88; P < .05) and self-awareness ( F[3, 120] = 2.42; P < .10). CONCLUSION: There are few opportunities for health care professionals to reflect on the impact of caregiving. The Storytelling Through Music intervention provided a structured space for reflection by participants, individually and among their peers, which decreased loneliness and increased self-compassion. Both factors relate to the burnout that affects the oncology health care workforce.
Novel Acclimatization and Acclimation Strategies for Hot Climates
Authors: Song Kaoru , Richter Madeline , Waxenbaum Joshua , Samblanet Kyle , Lu Myro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Exercising in hot, humid temperatures increases the risk for heat-related illnesses, ranging from mild heat edema to severe heat stroke. With increasing globalization in the world of sports, athletes are sometimes expected to compete in unforgiving conditions that expose them to these risks. In an effort to improve exercise capacity and reduce the risk of serious heat injury, many athletes are recommended to undergo heat acclimatization program prior to competing in climates with elevated average temperature. This article will look at current recommendations as well as studies on differing techniques for acclimatization and acclimation, with hopes to provide guidance for the modern-day clinician and athletes.
Nurses' experiences of pain management in end-of-life dementia care: a literature review
Authors: May Kerry , Scammell Janet 
Published: April 2020

Background: Nurses play an important role in assessing and managing pain. However, this is often poorly managed for people living with dementia. Aim: To explore nurses' experiences of pain management in end-of-life dementia care. Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic narrative review of research papers published in English between 2008 and 2018 was conducted. Data sources were CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect and SocIndex. Articles focused on nursing at the end of life and pain management in people with dementia. Findings: Eight articles were retrieved that met the search criteria. Four studies used qualitative methodology, two quantitative and two mixed methods. Studies from the UK dominated (n=5), the remainder were from Sweden, Norway and the US. Following thematic analysis, three themes were identified: training and education in pain management at the end of life for people with dementia, challenges in identifying pain and pain assessment tool use. Conclusion: The review revealed inadequate education for nurses concerning end-of-life care for people living with dementia, notably concerning pain recognition and use of assessment tools. It is recommended that specialist education is mandated for all nurses working with this client group to improve care delivery.
High-temperature stable fiber Bragg gratings with ultra strong cladding modes written using the phase mask technique and an infrared femtosecond laser: erratum
Authors: Abdukerim Nurmemet , Grobnic Dan , Hnatovsky Cyril , Mihailov Stephen J. 
Published: April 2020

In this erratum, we correct the mistakes in Eqs. (2) and (2a) in
Opt. Lett.
45, 443 (2020).OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.381111
High-power picosecond deep-UV source via group velocity matched frequency conversion
Authors: Willenberg Benjamin , Brunner Fabian , Phillips Christopher R. , Keller Ursula 
Published: April 2020

Powerful ultrashort pulses in the deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) are beneficial for diverse applications from fundamental science to industrial materials processing. However, reaching high powers via conventional approaches is challenging due to three central issues: dispersion, multiphoton absorption, and optical damage. Here, we simultaneously overcome these issues with a novel fifth-harmonic generation architecture optimized for group velocity matching. We use tilted pulse fronts, including a noncollinear geometry in the final sum-frequency generation stage. This enables lower intensities and longer crystals, thereby favoring the birefringently phase matched

χ

(
2
)

process over higher-order multiphoton absorption processes. Moreover, we demonstrate low-loss cascaded

χ

(
2
)

-based spatiotemporal flattening of the input pulses, which enhances the uniformity of the conversion efficiency throughout the beam profile. Through these techniques, we realize a picosecond deep-UV generation source at 206 nm with record-high 2.5 W average output power and a repetition rate of 100 kHz. This result paves the way for a new era of high-power ultrafast deep-UV lasers.
Coherently refreshing hypersonic phonons for light storage
Authors: Stiller Birgit , Merklein Moritz , Wolff Christian , Vu Khu , Ma Pan , Madden Stephen J. , Eggleton Benjamin J. 
Published: April 2020

Acoustic waves can serve as memory for optical information; however, propagating acoustic phonons in the gigahertz (GHz) regime decay on the nanosecond time scale. Usually this is dominated by intrinsic acoustic loss due to inelastic scattering of the acoustic waves and thermal phonons. Here we show a way to counteract the intrinsic acoustic decay of the phonons in a waveguide by resonantly reinforcing the acoustic wave via synchronized optical pulses. We experimentally demonstrate coherent on-chip storage in amplitude and phase up to 40 ns, 4 times the intrinsic acoustic lifetime in the waveguide. Through theoretical considerations, we anticipate that this concept allows for storage times up to microseconds within realistic experimental limitations while maintaining a GHz bandwidth of the optical signal.
Multi-core fiber integrated multi-port beam splitters for quantum information processing
Authors: Cariñe J. , Cañas G. , Skrzypczyk P. , Šupić I. , Guerrero N. , Garcia T. , Pereira L. , Prosser M. A. S. , Xavier G. B. , Delgado A. , Walborn S. P. , Cavalcanti D. , Lima G. 
Published: April 2020

Multi-port beam splitters are cornerstone devices for high-dimensional quantum information tasks, which can outperform the two-dimensional ones. Nonetheless, the fabrication of such devices has proven to be challenging with progress only recently achieved with the advent of integrated photonics. Here, we report on the production of high-quality

N
×
N

(with

N
=
4
,
7

) multi-port beam splitters based on a new scheme for manipulating multi-core optical fibers. By exploring their compatibility with optical fiber components, we create four-dimensional quantum systems and implement the measurement-device-independent random number generation task with a programmable four-arm interferometer operating at a 2 MHz repetition rate. Due to the high visibilities observed, we surpass the one-bit limit of binary protocols and attain 1.23 bits of certified private randomness per experimental round. Our result demonstrates that fast switching, low loss, and high optical quality for high-dimensional quantum information can be simultaneously achieved with multi-core fiber technology.
Ultrabroadband and sensitive cavity optomechanical magnetometry
Authors: Li Bei-Bei , Brawley George , Greenall Hamish , Forstner Stefan , Sheridan Eoin , Rubinsztein-Dunlop Halina , Bowen Warwick P. 
Published: April 2020

Magnetostrictive optomechanical cavities provide a new optical readout approach to room-temperature magnetometry. Here we report ultrasensitive and ultrahigh bandwidth cavity optomechanical magnetometers constructed by embedding a grain of the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D within a high quality (

Q

) optical microcavity on a silicon chip. By engineering their physical structure, we achieve a peak sensitivity of

26

pT
/

Hz

comparable to the best cryogenic microscale magnetometers, along with a 3 dB bandwidth as high as 11.3 MHz. Two classes of magnetic response are observed, which we postulate arise from the crystallinity of the Terfenol-D. This allows single crystalline and polycrystalline grains to be distinguished at the level of a single particle. Our results may enable applications such as lab-on-chip nuclear magnetic spectroscopy and magnetic navigation.
Computational 4D imaging of light-in-flight with relativistic effects
Authors: Zheng Yue , Sun Ming-Jie , Wang Zhi-Guang , Faccio Daniele 
Published: April 2020

Light-in-flight imaging enables the visualization and characterization of light propagation, which provides essential information for the study of the fundamental phenomena of light. A camera images an object by sensing the light emitted or reflected from it, and interestingly, when a light pulse itself is to be imaged, the relativistic effects, caused by the fact that the distance a pulse travels between consecutive frames is of the same scale as the distance that scattered photons travel from the pulse to the camera, must be accounted for to acquire accurate space–time information of the light pulse. Here, we propose a computational light-in-flight imaging scheme that records the projection of light-in-flight on a transverse x−y plane using a single-photon avalanche diode camera, calculates

z

and

t

information of light-in-flight via an optical model, and therefore reconstructs its accurate (

x

,

y

,

z

,

t

) four-dimensional information. The proposed scheme compensates the temporal distortion in the recorded arrival time to retrieve the accurate time of a light pulse, with respect to its corresponding spatial location, without performing any extra measurements. Experimental light-in-flight imaging in a three-dimensional space of

375

mm
×
75

mm
×
50

mm

is performed, showing that the position error is 1.75 mm, and the time error is 3.84 ps despite the fact that the camera time resolution is 55 ps, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed scheme. This work provides a method to expand the recording and measuring of repeatable transient events with extremely weak scattering to four dimensions and can be applied to the observation of optical phenomena with ps temporal resolution.
THE ROLE OF STUDENT YOUTH IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANTI-CORRUPTION CIVIL SOCIETY: ILLUSION OR REALITY?
Authors: Akulova Tatiana N. , Plaksina Nadejda V. , Smirnova Elena V. 
Published: April 2020

The article discusses the role and participation of students in building a «new» type of civil society from the perspective of an anti-corruption component. According to the authors, the most important criterion for the structure and construction of statehood is the propaganda of a negative attitude to corruption as a phenomenon that undermines public confidence in government bodies, government institutions, and public social institutions. The problem of the fight against corruption is relevant and at the present stage of the formation of our state requires active role participation. An important role and significance is assigned to students in the formation of the basic and key areas of modern state strategies in the anti-corruption vector. The authors substantiate the special role of students in the construction of a new formation by the absence of stable stereotypes due to age. The article presents and analyzes the results of a study on the attitude of students to fundamental changes in the Government of the Russian Federation, reveals ideas about the program for the development of the state and society in the near future from the perspective of students' opinions.