bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modifying the surface of peptide nanofibers utilizing a thiol‐thioester exchange
Authors: Haddad Ramiz , Ferraro Elizabeth , Halmans Ashley , Smith‐Carpenter Jillian E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHerein, we report on the incorporation of a dithioester modification to a self‐assembling peptide and characterize a thiol‐thioester exchange on the nanofiber's surface with respect to amount of soluble exogenous thiol present and pH of the reaction. The ratios of all peptide species throughout the exchange reaction were reproducibly monitored by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry, highlighting the utility of MALDI to characterize heterogeneous and dynamic supramolecular systems. The tuneable revealing of thiols through a dynamic covalent chemical reaction presents a new strategy for labeling supramolecular surfaces. This strategy of combining reversible peptide self‐assembly and dynamic covalent chemistry opens another route for the post‐assembly modification of amyloid‐based supramolecular structures and the design of functional biomaterials.
The emerging role of cold atmospheric plasma in glioblastoma therapy
Authors: Zandsalimi Farshid , Aghamiri Shahin , Roshanzamiri Soheil , Shahmohamadnejad Shiva , Ghanbarian Hossein 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. In spite of substantial progress in the understanding of gliomas biology, there has been only a slight change in the treatment of these types of tumors in the past few years. Moreover, chemotherapeutic strategies for GBM are accompanied by a lack of selectivity, serious side effects, and drug resistance. Recently, the emergence of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a quasi‐neutral highly reactive (partially) ionized gas at close to room temperature, technology has heralded a new exciting era in cancer therapy. CAP generates a unique, rich environment of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, photons, charged ions, and an electric field, which makes it a promising robust tool for the treatment of different types of cancers. In this review, we present recent progress of CAP in the treatment of GBM. Most importantly, the combination of CAP‐based therapeutic systems and other cancer therapies including chemotherapy and nanotherapy that offer great potential for GBM therapy is covered.
Study on the Viscoelastic Damage Properties of NEPE Solid Propellant
Authors: Hu Qinwei , Fang Qin‐Zhi , Sha Baolin , Xu Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractViscoelastic damage properties of Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether (NEPE) solid propellant have been studied in cyclic loading tests. Both viscoelasticity and damage evolution of the material are considered. Based on the cyclic loading experiment results, a modified model containing a damageable spring is developed to characterize the viscoelasticity and damage evolution of NEPE propellant. With the material parameters obtained, a damage parameter D is defined, and the damage evolution curves for different loading conditions are predicted. It is shown that the critical damage parameter Dcr at the fracture points can be used to predict the fracture points at other loading conditions from the damage evolution curves with the material parameters obtained.
Canine prostatic cancer cell line (LuMa) with osteoblastic bone metastasis
Authors: Elshafae Said M. , Dirksen Wessel P. , Alasonyalilar‐Demirer Aylin , Breitbach Justin , Yuan Shiyu , Kantake Noriko , Supsavhad Wachiraphan , Hassan Bardes B. , Attia Zayed , Alstadt Lucas B. , Rosol Thomas J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteoblastic bone metastasis represents the most common complication in men with prostate cancer (PCa). During progression and bone metastasis, PCa cells acquire properties similar to bone cells in a phenomenon called osteomimicry, which promotes their ability to metastasize, proliferate, and survive in the bone microenvironment. The mechanism of osteomimicry resulting in osteoblastic bone metastasis is unclear.MethodsWe developed and characterized a novel canine prostatic cancer cell line (LuMa) that will be useful to investigate the relationship between osteoblastic bone metastasis and osteomimicry in PCa. The LuMa cell line was established from a primary prostate carcinoma of a 13‐year old mixed breed castrated male dog. Cell proliferation and gene expression of LuMa were measured and compared to three other canine prostatic cancer cell lines (Probasco, Ace‐1, and Leo) in vitro. The effect of LuMa cells on calvaria and murine preosteoblastic (MC3T3‐E1) cells was measured by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and alkaline phosphatase assay. LuMa cells were transduced with luciferase for monitoring in vivo tumor growth and metastasis using different inoculation routes (subcutaneous, intratibial [IT], and intracardiac [IC]). Xenograft tumors and metastases were evaluated using radiography and histopathology.ResultsAfter left ventricular injection, LuMa cells metastasized to bone, brain, and adrenal glands. IT injections induced tumors with intramedullary new bone formation. LuMa cells had the highest messenger RNA levels of osteomimicry genes (RUNX2, RANKL, andOsteopontin[OPN]),CD44, E‐cadherin, andMYOFcompared to Ace‐1, Probasco, and Leo cells. LuMa cells induced growth in calvaria defects and modulated gene expression in MC3T3‐E1 cells.ConclusionsLuMa is a novel canine PCa cell line with osteomimicry and stemness properties. LuMa cells induced osteoblastic bone formation in vitro and in vivo. LuMa PCa cells will serve as an excellent model for studying the mechanisms of osteomimicry and osteoblastic bone and brain metastasis in prostate cancer.
Long noncoding RNA mediates stroke-induced neurogenesis
Authors: Fan Baoyan , Pan Wanlong , Wang Xinli , Wei Min , He Annie , Zhao Anna , Chopp Michael , Zhang Zheng Gang , Liu Xian Shuang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Neurogenesis contributes to poststroke recovery. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. However, the role of lncRNAs in stroke-induced neurogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we found that H19 was the most highly upregulated lncRNA in neural stem cells (NSCs) of the subventricular zone (SVZ) of rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. Deletion of H19 suppressed cell proliferation, promoted cell death, and blocked NSC differentiation. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that genes deregulated by H19 knockdown were those that are involved in transcription, apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle, and response to hypoxia. H19 knockdown significantly increased the transcription of cell cycle-related genes including p27, whereas overexpression of H19 substantially reduced expression of these genes through the interaction with chromatin remodeling proteins EZH2 and SUZ12. Moreover, H19 regulated neurogenesis-related miRNAs. Inactivation of H19 in NSCs of ischemic rats attenuated spontaneous functional recovery after stroke. Collectively, our data provide novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of lncRNAs in stroke-induced neurogenesis.
Zinc transporter 3 modulates cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the adult hippocampus
Authors: Choi Bo Young , Hong Dae Ki , Jeong Jeong Hyun , Lee Bo Eun , Koh Jae-Young , Suh Sang Won 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is a subregion of the hippocampus that has two uniquely defining features; it is one of the most active sites of adult neurogenesis as well as the location where the highest concentrations of synaptic zinc are found, the mossy fiber terminals. Therefore, we sought to investigate the idea that vesicular zinc plays a role as a modulator of hippocampal adult neurogenesis. Here, we used ZnT3−/− mice, which are depleted of synaptic-vesicle zinc, to test the effect of targeted deletion of this transporter on adult neurogenesis. We found that this manipulation reduced progenitor cell turnover as well as led to a marked defect in the maturation of newborn cells that survive in the DG toward a neuronal phenotype. We also investigated the effects of zinc (ZnCl2), n-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and ZnCl2 plus 2NAC (ZN) supplement on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Compared with ZnCl2 or NAC, administration of ZN resulted in an increase in proliferation of progenitor cells and neuroblast. ZN also rescued the ZnT3 loss-associated reduction of neurogenesis via elevation of insulin-like growth factor-1 and ERK/CREB activation. Together, these findings reveal that ZnT3 plays a highly important role in maintaining adult hippocampal neurogenesis and supplementation by ZN has a beneficial effect on hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as providing a therapeutic target for enhanced neuroprotection and repair after injury as demonstrated by its ability to prevent aging-dependent cognitive decline in ZnT3−/− mice. Therefore, the present study suggests that ZnT3 and vesicular zinc are essential for adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Non‐homology‐based prediction of gene functions in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays)
Authors: Dai Xiuru , Xu Zheng , Liang Zhikai , Tu Xiaoyu , Zhong Silin , Schnable James C. , Li Pinghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdvances in genome sequencing and annotation have eased the difficulty of identifying new gene sequences. Predicting the functions of these newly identified genes remains challenging. Genes descended from a common ancestral sequence are likely to have common functions. As a result, homology is widely used for gene function prediction. This means functional annotation errors also propagate from one species to another. Several approaches based on machine learning classification algorithms were evaluated for their ability to accurately predict gene function from non‐homology gene features. Among the eight supervised classification algorithms evaluated, random‐forest‐based prediction consistently provided the most accurate gene function prediction. Non‐homology‐based functional annotation provides complementary strengths to homology‐based annotation, with higher average performance in Biological Process GO terms, the domain where homology‐based functional annotation performs the worst, and weaker performance in Molecular Function GO terms, the domain where the accuracy of homology‐based functional annotation is highest. GO prediction models trained with homology‐based annotations were able to successfully predict annotations from a manually curated “gold standard” GO annotation set. Non‐homology‐based functional annotation based on machine learning may ultimately prove useful both as a method to assign predicted functions to orphan genes which lack functionally characterized homologs, and to identify and correct functional annotation errors which were propagated through homology‐based functional annotations.
A novel method for captive rearing and translocation of juvenile common loons
Authors: Kneeland Michelle R. , Spagnuolo Vincent A. , Evers David C. , Paruk James D. , Attix Lee , Schoch Nina , Pokras Mark A. , Stout Virginia , Dalton Alex , Silber Katy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCommon loons (Gavia immer) are diving waterbirds that are particularly challenging to keep in captivity due to their specific behavioral and physiologic needs, special housing requirements, and susceptibility to stress‐related disease. We report a novel method for housing and captive rearing common loon chicks that was developed as part of the first‐ever loon translocation effort in southeast Massachusetts, from 2015 to 2017. Thirteen loon chicks were reared in aquatic pens in a natural lake environment, utilizing noninvasive feeding and monitoring techniques that avoided human habituation. Chicks were reared in aquatic pens for 16–28 days before being released onto the lake. All chicks remained clinically normal and were monitored on the lake for up to 4 months following release. At least four of the chicks were subsequently confirmed to have survived to adulthood when they returned to the area in breeding plumage two to 3 years following release. Two of these confirmed adults displayed prolonged territorial pair behavior together, and this is an encouraging early sign that captive‐reared individuals may form successful breeding pairs in the future. Because most immature loons remain on the ocean until at least 3 years of age, we expect additional captive‐reared loons to return to the release area in subsequent years. These husbandry techniques could be applied to other loon and diving bird species that are notoriously difficult to house in captivity. The novel feeding techniques described here could also be adapted for loon chicks being reared in pools or other traditional captive settings.
Interdisziplinäre Tumorkonferenzen in der radiologischen Routine
Authors: Schreyer Andreas G. , Dendl L. M. , Antoch G. , Layer G. , Beyer L. , Schleder S. 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel
Interdisziplinäre Tumorkonferenzen (Boards) sind regelmäßig stattfindende Konferenzen, bei denen unter medizinischen Experten verschiedener Fachrichtungen versucht wird, einen für den Patienten optimierten Behandlungsplan zu erstellen. Die Anwesenheit eines radiologischen Facharztes ist in nahezu allen relevanten Boards medizinisch unumgänglich. Um die aktuelle Beanspruchung der Radiologie durch derartige Boards systematisch zu evaluieren und auch um aktuelle Zahlen zur möglichen zukünftigen Personalplanung zu liefern, haben wir eine aktuelle Standortbestimmung in der Radiologie in Deutschland durchgeführt.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine Online-Umfrage. Zur Teilnahme aufgefordert waren alle 33 Lehrstuhlinhaber in der Radiologie sowie nach dem Zufallsprinzip weitere 50 ausgewählte Chefärzte für Radiologie an Krankenhäusern der Schwerpunkt-, oder Maximalversorgung (im Folgenden „Schwerpunktkliniken“ genannt).

Ergebnisse
Es nahmen 26 von 33 radiologischen Instituten (79 %) der Universitätskliniken und 28 von 50 Instituten (56 %) der Schwerpunktkliniken teil. Die Gesamtzahl der durchgeführten Tumorboards beträgt im Durchschnitt 3,3 pro Tag bzw. 16,7 pro Woche an Universitätskliniken und 2,6 pro Tag bzw. 13 pro Woche an Schwerpunktkliniken. Es ergibt sich ein durchschnittlicher zeitlicher Aufwand unter Berücksichtigung der Vorbereitungs- und Durchführungszeit sowie der Durchführungshäufigkeiten von 33,1 h/Woche an Universitätskliniken und 18,2 h/Woche an Schwerpunktkliniken. Dies entspricht bei einer 42-Stunden-Woche an Universitätskliniken 78,8 % und bei einer 40-Stunden-Woche an Schwerpunktkliniken 45,5 % einer Facharztstelle, die für interdisziplinäre Tumorboards notwendig sind.

Schlussfolgerung
Die „sprechende“ Radiologie mit ihren interdisziplinären Tumorboards stellt ein klinisches Selbstverständnis unter aktiver Teilnahme und Moderation durch die Radiologie dar, welches die Patientenversorgung evidenzbasiert verbessert. Dennoch muss bei der in der Medizin vorherrschenden Ressourcenknappheit für künftige Diskussionen bezüglich einer personellen Kompensation die hier erhobene Datengrundlage bzgl. des Personalaufwands der klinischen Radiologie für die Teilnahme an Tumorboards bedacht werden.
The pore-forming subunit MCU of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter is required for normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro and in vivo in mice
Authors: Georgiadou Eleni , Haythorne Elizabeth , Dickerson Matthew T. , Lopez-Noriega Livia , Pullen Timothy J. , da Silva Xavier Gabriela , Davis Samuel P. X. , Martinez-Sanchez Aida , Semplici Francesca , Rizzuto Rosario , McGinty James A. , French Paul M. , Cane Matthew C. , Jacobson David A. , Leclerc Isabelle , Rutter Guy A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is central to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Whether Ca2+ uptake into pancreatic beta cell mitochondria potentiates or antagonises this process is still a matter of debate. Although the mitochondrial Ca2+ importer (MCU) complex is thought to represent the main route for Ca2+ transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane, its role in beta cells has not previously been examined in vivo.

Methods
Here, we inactivated the pore-forming subunit of the MCU, encoded by Mcu, selectively in mouse beta cells using Ins1Cre-mediated recombination. Whole or dissociated pancreatic islets were isolated and used for live beta cell fluorescence imaging of cytosolic or mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration and ATP production in response to increasing glucose concentrations. Electrophysiological recordings were also performed on whole islets. Serum and blood samples were collected to examine oral and i.p. glucose tolerance.

Results
Glucose-stimulated mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation (p< 0.05), ATP production (p< 0.05) and insulin secretion (p< 0.01) were strongly inhibited in beta cell-specific Mcu-null (βMcu-KO) animals, in vitro, as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations increased (p< 0.001), whereas mitochondrial membrane depolarisation improved in βMcu-KO animals. βMcu-KO mice displayed impaired in vivo insulin secretion at 5 min (p< 0.001) but not 15 min post-i.p. injection of glucose, whilst the opposite phenomenon was observed following an oral gavage at 5 min. Unexpectedly, glucose tolerance was improved (p< 0.05) in young βMcu-KO (<12 weeks), but not in older animals vs WT mice.

Conclusions/interpretation
MCU is crucial for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in pancreatic beta cells and is required for normal GSIS. The apparent compensatory mechanisms that maintain glucose tolerance in βMcu-KO mice remain to be established.
Peripheral blood markers predictive of outcome and immune-related adverse events in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors
Authors: Peng Lihong , Wang Yong , Liu Fen , Qiu Xiaotong , Zhang Xinwei , Fang Chen , Qian Xiaoyin , Li Yong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Selected patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) benefit from immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) inhibitor. Peripheral blood biomarkers would be most convenient to predict treatment outcome and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in candidate patients. This study explored associations between inflammation-related peripheral blood markers and onset of irAEs and outcome in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving PD-1 inhibitors.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted of 102 patients with advanced NSCLC receiving PD-1 inhibitors from January 2017 to May 2019. Cox regression models were employed to assess the prognostic effect of low/high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and prognostic nutrition index (PNI) on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation between peripheral blood markers and the onset of irAEs.

Result
NLR < 5, LDH < 240 U/L, or PNI ≥ 45 was favorably associated with significantly better outcomes compared with higher, higher, or lower values, respectively. The multivariate analysis determined that these parameters were independently associated with both better PFS (p = 0.049, 0.046, 0.014, respectively) and longer OS (p = 0.007, 0.031, < 0.001, respectively). Patients with three favorable factors among NLR, LDH, and PNI had better PFS and OS than did those with two, one, or none. PNI and NLR were associated with the onset of irAEs.

Conclusion
In patients with advanced NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, pretreatment NLR, LDH, and PNI may be useful predictive markers of clinical outcome and irAEs.
Draf III frontal sinus surgery for the treatment of Pott’s puffy tumour in adults: our case series and a review of frontal sinus anatomy risk factors
Authors: Pendolino Alfonso Luca , Koumpa Foteini Stefania , Zhang Henry , Leong Samuel C. , Andrews Peter J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We present our case series of four adult patients with Pott’s puffy tumour (PPT), successfully treated with Draf III over a mean period of 11 months. A critical review of the literature is also provided.

Methods
A retrospective review of patients undergoing Draf III for PPT from January 2018 to January 2019 was performed.

Results
Four consecutive male patients ranging from 26 to 62 years, with a mean age of 49.5 ± 16.3 years, undergoing Draf III for Pott’s puffy tumour were included. Two patients had a Kuhn type IV frontal cell narrowing the frontonasal pathway and presented without previous sinus surgery, whereas the other two had previous sinus surgery. The success rate of the operation was 100% with an average length of follow-up of 11 months (range 5–18).

Conclusion
In our experience, the Draf III procedure is a highly effective treatment of PPT. In particular, we have demonstrated it to be very effective in accessing highly positioned Kuhn type IV cells.
Boundary behaviour of $$\lambda $$-polyharmonic functions on regular trees
Authors: Sava-Huss Ecaterina , Woess Wolfgang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the boundary behaviour of $$\lambda $$
λ
-polyharmonic functions for the simple random walk operator on a regular tree, where $$\lambda $$
λ
is complex and $$|\lambda |> \rho $$

|
λ
|
>
ρ

, the $$\ell ^2$$

ℓ
2

-spectral radius of the random walk. In particular, subject to normalisation by spherical, resp. polyspherical functions, Dirichlet and Riquier problems at infinity are solved, and a non-tangential Fatou theorem is proved.
An Institutional Self-Study of Text-Matching Software in a Canadian Graduate-Level Engineering Program
Authors: Eaton Sarah Elaine , Crossman Katherine , Behjat Laleh , Yates Robin Michael , Fear Elise , Trifkovic Milana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis institutional self-study investigated the use of text-matching software (TMS) to prevent plagiarism by students in a Canadian university that did not have an institutional license for TMS at the time of the study. Assignments from a graduate-level engineering course were analyzed using iThenticate®. During the initial phase of the study, similarity scores from the first student assignments (N = 132) were collected to determine a baseline level of textual similarity. Students were then offered an educational intervention workshop on academic integrity. Another set of similarity scores from consenting participants’ second assignments (n = 106) were then collected, and a statistically significant assignment effect (p < 0.05) was found between the similarity scores of the two assignments. The results of this study indicate that TMS, when used in conjunction with educational interventions about academic integrity, can be useful to students and educators to prevent and identify academic misconduct. This study adds to the growing body of empirical research about academic integrity in Canadian higher education and, in particular, in engineering fields.
The Multicriterial Approach to the Problem of Demarcation
Authors: Fernandez-Beanato Damian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe problem of demarcating science from nonscience remains unsolved. This article executes an analytical process of elimination of different demarcation proposals put forward since the professionalization of the philosophy of science, explaining why each of those proposals is unsatisfactory or incomplete. Then, it elaborates on how to execute an alternative multicriterial scientific demarcation project put forward by Mahner (2007, 521–522; 2013, 29–43). This project allows for the demarcation not only of science from non-science and from pseudoscience, but also of different types of sciences and of scientific fields (e.g., formal sciences, natural sciences, social sciences) from each other. This article also offers arguments in favor of accepting two types of scientific demarcations, namely epistemic-warrant scientific demarcations and territorial scientific demarcations, and argues in favor of accepting a territorially broad scientific demarcation.