bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: Role in pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target in COVID‐19
Authors: Braga Cássia L. , Silva‐Aguiar Rodrigo P. , Battaglini Denise , Peruchetti Diogo B. , Robba Chiara , Pelosi Paolo , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Caruso‐Neves Celso , Silva Pedro L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 novel coronavirus, has spread worldwide causing high fatality rates. Neither a vaccine nor specific therapeutic approaches are available, hindering the fight against this disease and making better understanding of its pathogenesis essential. Despite similarities between SARS‐CoV‐2 and SARS‐CoV, the former has unique characteristics which represent a great challenge to physicians. The mechanism of COVID‐19 infection and pathogenesis is still poorly understood. In the present review, we highlight possible pathways involved in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19 and potential therapeutic targets, focusing on the role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.
Use of variable ozone in a radiative transfer model for the global Météo‐France 4D‐Var system
Authors: Coopmann O. , Guidard V. , Fourrié N. , Josse B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNowadays, the assimilation of satellite observations, particularly radiances from infrared sounders, into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models plays a dominant role in improving weather forecasts. One of the keys to make optimal use of radiances is to simulate them with a radiative transfer model (RTM). At Météo‐France, the RTTOV RTM is used for NWP models. Currently, simulations are carried out taking into account single chemical profiles. However, neglecting the spatial and temporal variability of these gases can affect the accuracy of the simulations and thus the quality of the subsequent analyses and forecasts. To reduce the impact of this assumption on weather forecasts, we use a variational bias correction but it would be more appropriate to correct the bias directly at the source. Ozone is one of the atmospheric constituents with significant impacts on spectral radiances measured by hyperspectral infrared sounders. Thus, the objective of this paper is to replace the use of a single ozone profile with a realistic and variable ozone field in RTTOV for the simulation of infrared observation. The results show that the use of a variable ozone allows us to further reduce biases in simulation of ozone‐sensitive channels but also of channels sensitive mainly to other parameters such as CO2 for example. This has positive effects on the analyses and improves the fit of the short‐range forecasts (or analyses) to other observations such as radiosondes, microwave radiances, GNSS‐RO bending angles, etc. All of these positive impacts allow us to significantly improve weather forecasts.
Monthly and zonally averaged zonal wind information in the equatorial stratosphere provided by GNSS radio occultation
Authors: Healy S. B. , Polichtchouk I. , Horányi A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is demonstrated that a realistic quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of the zonally averaged zonal winds in the tropical stratosphere can be retrieved from a monthly mean GNSS radio occultation (GNSS‐RO) geopotential height climatology via equatorial thermal wind balance. The retrieved GNSS‐RO zonal winds are compared with a zonal wind climatology from radiosonde measurements at Singapore, and the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis. Simplified low‐resolution reanalysis experiments also show that assimilating just reprocessed GNSS‐RO bending angles and AMSU‐A channel 14 radiances produces a reasonable QBO. Further, it is demonstrated that the ERA5 and ERA‐Interim tropical zonal winds at 30 and 10 hPa are more consistent after the assimilation of COSMIC GNSS‐RO measurements in 2006.
Recalculation of stable isotope expressions for HCNOS: EasyIsoCalculator
Authors: Skrzypek Grzegorz , Dunn Philip J.H. 
Published: July 2020

RationaleThe stable HCNOS isotope compositions can be reported as (a) the isotope ratio of two stable isotopes (R); (b) the isotope delta value (δ); and (c) the atom fraction of the isotopes (x). Recalculations between these different expressions are needed frequently and require the use of the absolute isotope ratio for the zero points of the stable isotope delta scales (Rstd). The inconsistent use of Rstd values may lead to a discrepancy in recalculated results.MethodsWe summarised the recalculation procedures between different expressions of the stable isotope compositions and introduced a user‐friendly EasyIsoCalculator that allows the recalculation between the main expressions of isotope compositions. We mathematically and empirically evaluated the possible inconsistencies in reporting of the stable isotope data due to the use of different Rstd and different normalisation methods.ResultsThe recalculation between δ‐values and other expressions of the stable isotope compositions always involves the use of Rstd. The choice of Rstd will have a significant influence on the recalculated values. The use of different Rstd values has a significant influence also on the normalisation of raw values but only when the normalisation is conducted versus the working standard gas value, causing discrepancy, e.g. for δ(13C/12C) up to ~ 0.3 ‰.ConclusionsDifferences in the selection of Rstd value may lead to significant differences among different laboratories. The uncertainty in the calculations originates primarily from the uncertainty in the Rstd determination; however, it is lower than the discrepancy arising from the inconsistent use of Rstd. Consistent use of the same Rstd values is required to eliminate the unnecessary discrepancy if different data sets are recalculated from delta value to other expressions.
Emotion regulation and psychological distress in cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Baziliansky Svetlana , Cohen Miri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmotion regulation may affect the levels of psychological distress of cancer survivors, but inconsistencies exist among studies regarding the direction of this effect. The systematic review and meta‐analysis sought to estimate the associations between emotion regulation patterns (repression, suppression, experiential avoidance and cognitive reappraisal) and psychological distress among cancer survivors. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria for systematic review, and seven studies focussing on suppression were included in the meta‐analysis. The systematic review pointed to a marked variability in associations among the emotion regulation patterns and psychological distress. The three meta‐regressions of the relationships between suppression and psychological distress found significant fixed‐ and random‐effect sizes (except marginal significance of a random‐effect model for partial correlation). Subgroup analysis showed no moderation effect of time since diagnosis or study quality, but a significant difference (fixed‐effect model only, p = 0.005) was found between correlative studies and those controlling for confounders. The current study suggests that suppression is related to elevated levels of psychological distress among cancer survivors, although large inconsistencies exist among studies and publication bias could not be ruled out. Further studies with large samples and a consistent approach are thus required to evaluate the associations of emotion regulation patterns and psychological distress.
Synergizing Phase and Cavity in CoMoOxSy Yolk–Shell Anodes to Co‐Enhance Capacity and Rate Capability in Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Jinkai , Zhu Lei , Li Fang , Yao Tianhao , Liu Ting , Cheng Yonghong , Yin Zongyou , Wang Hongkang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been recognized as the promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries for large‐scale applications owing to their abundant sodium resource. Currently, one significant challenge for SIBs is to explore feasible anodes with high specific capacity and reversible pulverization‐free Na+ insertion/extraction. Herein, a facile co‐engineering on polymorph phases and cavity structures is developed based on CoMo‐glycerate by scalable solvothermal sulfidation. The optimized strategy enables the construction of CoMoOxSy with synergized partially sulfidized amorphous phase and yolk–shell confined cavity. When developed as anodes for SIBs, such CoMoOxSy electrodes deliver a high reversible capacity of 479.4 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles and a high rate capacity of 435.2 mA h g−1 even at 2000 mA g−1, demonstrating superior capacity and rate capability. These are attributed to the unique dual merits of the anodes, that is, the elastic bountiful reaction pathways favored by the sulfidation‐induced amorphous phase and the sodiation/desodiation accommodatable space benefits from the yolk–shell cavity. Such yolk–shell nano‐battery materials are merited with co‐tunable phases and structures, facile scalable fabrication, and excellent capacity and rate capability in sodium storage. This provides an opportunity to develop advanced practical electrochemical sodium storage in the future.
Structural reliability assessment of offshore wind turbine support structures subjected to pitting corrosion‐fatigue: A damage tolerance modelling approach
Authors: Shittu Abdulhakim Adeoye , Mehmanparast Ali , Shafiee Mahmood , Kolios Athanasios , Hart Phil , Pilario Karl 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe structural integrity of offshore wind turbine (OWT) support structures is affected by one of the most severe damage mechanisms known as pitting corrosion‐fatigue. In this study, the structural reliability of such structures subjected to pitting corrosion‐fatigue is assessed using a damage tolerance modelling approach. A probabilistic model that ascertains the reliability of the structure is presented, incorporating the randomness in cyclic load and corrosive environment as well as uncertainties in shape factor, pit size and aspect ratio. A non‐intrusive formulation is proposed consisting of a sequence of steps. First, a stochastic parametric Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is performed using SMART© crack growth and Design Xplorer© facilities within the software package ANSYS. Secondly, the results obtained from the FEA are processed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) response surface modelling technique. Finally, the First Order Reliability Method (FORM) is used to calculate the reliability indices of components. The results reveal that for the inherent stochastic conditions, the structure becomes unsafe after the 18th year, before the attainment of the design life of 20 years. The FEA results are in very good agreement with results obtained from analysis steps outlined in design standard BS 7910 and other references designated as ‘theoretical analysis methods’ in this study. The results predict, for the case study, that the pit growth life is approximately 56% of the total pitting corrosion fatigue life. Sensitivity analysis results show that the aspect ratio of pits at critical size plays a significant role on the reliability of the structure.
Chemical waste and allied products
Authors: Hung Yung‐Tse , Aziz Hamidi Abdul , Ramli Siti Fatihah , Paul Howard H. , Huhnke Christopher Robert , Adesanmi Bukola M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews the related literature reported in 2019 about various types of wastewaters associated with chemical and allied products. The subjects comprise wastewaters produced from various activities in agricultural, chemical, dye, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical.Practitioner points

Bioflocculant chitosan was used for sludge dewatering and the treatment of water and wastewater, and polishing of sanitary landfill leachate.

Alkaline lignin‐based flocculants were used to achieve excellent color removal for paper mill sludge.

Powdered activated coke was used to remove COD (chemical oxygen demand) from chemical industry wastewater effluents.
Kombinierte Effekte verschiedener Umweltfaktoren auf die Gesundheit: Luftschadstoffe, Temperatur, Grünflächen, Pollen und Lärm
Authors: Pickford Regina , Kraus Ute , Frank Ulrike , Breitner Susanne , Markevych Iana , Schneider Alexandra 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungUmweltfaktoren wirken sich auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden der Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner von Städten aus. Sie wirken jedoch nicht nur einzeln auf den Menschen, sondern zeigen mögliche synergistische oder antagonistische Effekte. Fragen, die sich daraus ergeben, sind: Wie wirkt eine Kombination von Luftschadstoffen mit anderen Umweltfaktoren auf die Gesundheit? Wie gut sind diese Zusammenhänge belegt? Wie können diese methodisch betrachtet werden? In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst methodische Ansätze zur Untersuchung von Kombinationswirkungen verschiedener Umweltfaktoren beschrieben. Anschließend werden Umweltfaktoren untersucht, die zusammen mit verschiedenen Luftschadstoffen auf die menschliche Gesundheit wirken, wie Außentemperatur, Lärm und Pollen sowie das Vorhandensein von Grünflächen. Körperliche Betätigung und Ernährung werden in Bezug auf die Minderung von gesundheitlichen Luftschadstoffeffekten angesprochen.Während für die Gesundheitseffekte der einzelnen Umweltstressoren häufig klare Evidenz vorliegt, sind für ihr Zusammenspiel inhaltlich noch nicht alle Fragen konsistent beantwortet. Die (statistischen) Methoden müssen noch weiterentwickelt werden. Das Verhältnis der unterschiedlichen Umweltfaktoren zueinander macht deutlich, dass auch (Interventions‑)Maßnahmen zur Verringerung einzelner Faktoren zusammenhängen. So führt etwa im Verkehr der Umstieg von passivem auf aktiven Transport (z. B. durch sichere Radwege und weitere Maßnahmen) zu weniger Luftschadstoffen, langfristig zu geringeren Erhöhungen der Lufttemperatur und gleichzeitig zu einer Verbesserung der Gesundheit des Einzelnen. Demzufolge liegt in einer sinnvollen Planung der bebauten Umwelt ein großes Potenzial zur Reduktion der Umweltstressoren und zur Verbesserung der Gesundheit und des Wohlbefindens der Menschen.
Nuclear magnetic resonance and surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics of kidney cancer
Authors: Nizioł Joanna , Ossoliński Krzysztof , Tripet Brian P. , Copié Valérie , Arendowski Adrian , Ruman Tomasz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKidney cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed and the most lethal urinary cancer. Despite all the efforts made, no serum-specific biomarker is currently used in the clinical management of patients with this tumor. In this study, comprehensive high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and silver-109 nanoparticle-enhanced steel target laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (109AgNPET LDI MS) approaches were conducted, in conjunction with multivariate data analysis, to discriminate the global serum metabolic profiles of kidney cancer (n = 50) and healthy volunteers (n = 49). Eight potential biomarkers have been identified using 1H NMR metabolomics and nine mass spectral features which differed significantly (p < 0.05) between kidney cancer patients and healthy volunteers, as observed by LDI MS. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model generated from metabolic profiles obtained by both analytical approaches could robustly discriminate normal from cancerous samples (Q2 > 0.7), area under the receiver operative characteristic curve (ROC) AUC > 0.96. Compared with healthy human serum, kidney cancer serum had higher levels of glucose and lower levels of choline, glycerol, glycine, lactate, leucine, myo-inositol, and 1-methylhistidine. Analysis of differences between these metabolite levels in patients with different types and grades of kidney cancer was undertaken. Our results, derived from the combination of LDI MS and 1H NMR methods, suggest that serum biomarkers identified herein appeared to have great potential for use in clinical prognosis and/or diagnosis of kidney cancer.
Effects of force level and task difficulty on force control performance in elderly people
Authors: Strote Caren , Gölz Christian , Stroehlein Julia Kristin , Haase Franziska Katharina , Koester Dirk , Reinsberger Claus , Vieluf Solveig 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the proportion of people over 60 years of age rises continuously in westernized societies, it becomes increasingly important to better understand aging processes and how to maintain independence in old age. Fine motor tasks are essential in daily living and, therefore, necessary to maintain. This paper extends the existing literature on fine motor control by manipulating the difficulty of a force maintenance task to characterize performance optima for elderly. Thirty-seven elderly (M = 68.00, SD = 4.65) performed a force control task at dynamically varying force levels, i.e. randomly changing every 3 s between 10%, 20%, and 30% of the individual’s maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). This task was performed alone or with one or two additional tasks to increase task difficulty. The force control characteristics accuracy, variability, and complexity were analyzed. Lowest variability was observed at 20%. Accuracy and complexity increased with increasing force level. Overall, increased task difficulty had a negative impact on task performance. Results support the assumption, that attention control has a major impact on force control performance in elderly people. We assume different parameters to have their optimum at different force levels, which remain comparably stable when additional tasks are performed. The study contributes to a better understanding of how force control is affected in real-life situations when it is performed simultaneously to other cognitive and sensory active and passive tasks.
Dissecting two distinct interneuronal networks in M1 with transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Spampinato Danny 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInteractions from both inhibitory and excitatory interneurons are necessary components of cortical processing that contribute to the vast amount of motor actions executed by humans daily. As transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over primary motor cortex is capable of activating corticospinal neurons trans-synaptically, studies over the past 30 years have provided how subtle changes in stimulation parameters (i.e., current direction, pulse width, and paired-pulse) can elucidate evidence for two distinct neuronal networks that can be probed with this technique. This article provides a brief review of some fundamental studies demonstrating how these networks have separable excitatory inputs to corticospinal neurons. Furthermore, the findings of recent investigations will be discussed in detail, illustrating how each network’s sensitivity to different brain states (i.e., rest, movement preparation, and motor learning) is dissociable. Understanding the physiological characteristics of each network can help to explain why interindividual responses to TMS exist, while also providing insights into the role of these networks in various human motor behaviors.
Chloroplasts in C3 grasses move in response to blue-light
Authors: Krzeszowiec Weronika , Novokreshchenova Maria , Gabryś Halina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Key message
Brachypodium distachyonis a good model for studying chloropla st movements in the crop plants, wheat, rye and barley. The movements are activated only by blue light, similar to Arabidopsis.

Abstract
Chloroplast translocations are ubiquitous in photosynthetic organisms. On the one hand, they serve to optimize energy capture under limiting light, on the other hand, they minimize potential photodamage to the photosynthetic apparatus in excess light. In higher plants chloroplast movements are mediated by phototropins (phots), blue light receptors that also control other light acclimation responses. So far, Arabidopsis thaliana has been the main model for studying the mechanism of blue light signaling to chloroplast translocations in terrestrial plants. Here, we propose Brachypodium distachyon as a model in research into chloroplast movements in C3 cereals. Brachypodium chloroplasts respond to light in a similar way to those in Arabidopsis. The amino acid sequence of Brachypodium PHOT1 is 79.3% identical, and that of PHOT2 is 73.6% identical to the sequence of the corresponding phototropin in Arabidopsis. Both phototropin1 and 2 are expressed in Brachypodium, as shown using quantitative real-time PCR. Intriguingly, the light-expression pattern of BradiPHOT1 and BradiPHOT2 is the opposite of that for Arabidopsis phototropins, suggesting potential unique light signaling in C3 grasses. To investigate if Brachypodium is a good model for studying grass chloroplast movements we analyzed these movements in the leaves of three C3 crop grasses, namely wheat, rye and barley. Similarly to Brachypodium, chloroplasts only respond to blue light in all these species.
Effects of hesperidin in orange juice on blood and pulse pressures in mildly hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial (Citrus study)
Authors: Valls Rosa M. , Pedret Anna , Calderón-Pérez Lorena , Llauradó Elisabet , Pla-Pagà Laura , Companys Judit , Moragas Ana , Martín-Luján Francisco , Ortega Yolanda , Giralt Montse , Romeu Marta , Rubió Laura , Mayneris-Perxachs Jordi , Canela Núria , Puiggrós Francesc , Caimari Antoni , Del Bas Josep M. , Arola Lluís , Solà Rosa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the sustained and acute effects, as well as the influence of sustained consumption on the acute effects, of orange juice (OJ) with a natural hesperidin content and hesperidin-enriched OJ (EOJ) on blood (BP) and pulse (PP) pressures in pre- and stage-1 hypertensive individuals.

Methods
In a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants (n = 159) received 500 mL/day of control drink, OJ, or EOJ for 12 weeks. Two dose–response studies were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks.

Results
A single EOJ dose (500 mL) reduced systolic BP (SBP) and PP, with greater changes after sustained treatment where a decrease in diastolic BP (DBP) also occurred (P < 0.05). SBP and PP decreased in a dose-dependent manner relative to the hesperidin content of the beverages throughout the 12 weeks (P < 0.05). OJ and EOJ decreased homocysteine levels at 12 weeks versus the control drink (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of EOJ consumption, four genes related to hypertension (PTX3, NLRP3, NPSR1 and NAMPT) were differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Hesperidin in OJ reduces SBP and PP after sustained consumption, and after a single dose, the chronic consumption of EOJ enhances its postprandial effect. Decreases in systemic and transcriptomic biomarkers were concomitant with BP and PP changes. EOJ could be a useful co-adjuvant tool for BP and PP management in pre- and stage-1 hypertensive individuals.
Peri- and postmenopause—diagnosis and interventions interdisciplinary S3 guideline of the association of the scientific medical societies in Germany (AWMF 015/062): short version
Authors: Ortmann Olaf , Beckermann Maria J. , Inwald Elisabeth C. , Strowitzki Thomas , Windler Eberhard , Tempfer Clemens ,   For the guideline group
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis short version of the interdisciplinary S3 guideline “Peri- and Postmenopause—Diagnosis and Interventions” is intended as a decision-making instrument for physicians who counsel peri- and postmenopausal women. It is designed to assist daily practice. The present short version summarizes the full version of the guideline which contains detailed information on guideline methodology, particularly regarding the critical appraisal of the evidence and the assignment of evidence levels. The statements and recommendations of the full version of the guideline are quoted completely in the present short version including levels of evidence (LoE) and grades of recommendation. The classification system developed by the Centre for Evidence-based Medicine in Oxford was used in this guideline.