bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior modeling method and its application in combat simulation
Authors: Shaoqin Wang , Bingli Xu , Shulai Niu , Xiaoyao Shao , Congjie Guo , Lin Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Behavior Modeling and Simulation is an important method to analyze macro-and micro-behaviors of groups and individuals. It can predict and analyze the law of crowd activity under a certain density and provide important support for the study of social and economic activities and war and military activities. It has been widely used in emergency response, combat simulation and many other fields. This paper reviews behavioral modeling and simulation, mainly from the current situation of behavioral simulation applications, the main methods of behavioral modeling and the needs of future development direction. Firstly, the application status of behavior simulation is analyzed from both military and social aspects. In the aspect of social behavior simulation, it mainly analyses several aspects, such as safe evacuation, automatic driving, road traffic planning, intelligent robots and so on. In the aspect of military behavior simulation, it mainly analyses individual combat behavior simulation, battlefield element model construction, combat action combination model, multi-agent coupling simulation and so on. Secondly, the method of behavior modeling is deeply analyzed, and the main models of behavior modeling are summarized, including social force model, cellular automata model, agent model, etc. At the same time, the behavior model of individual’s multiple forces in a certain environment and the emergence effect model of group are deeply analyzed. Finally, based on the above two aspects of research and analysis results, this paper aims at the simulation of multi-person cooperative attack and defense, which is a military behavior simulation problem. From the four aspects of dynamic environmental factors, operational rules constraints, enemy threat factors and multi-agent cooperative control, this paper puts forward several problems that need to be further improved in cooperative attack and defense.
Application Engineering of Big Data Technology for Global Marine Environment Forecasting
Authors: Lin Bo , Xiao Fan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The thesis explained the construction and development path of the application engineering of big data technology for global marine environment forecasting: opening up a big data collection source global marine environment forecasting, developing the comprehensive data lake of marine environment forecasting, deeply digging the big data of marine environment forecasting, and applying multi-factor composite and multi-model coupled numerical forecasting method and combining with international scientific and technological cooperation and polar scientific expedition practice, to create the application engineering groups of big data technology for global marine environment forecasting. Secondly, the thesis introduced the overview, social and economic benefits of these application engineering groups of big data technology. Then, the current status, business technology level, and guarantee service capabilities of China’s data application of marine environment forecasting were shown in the big data level. Finally, from the perspective of forecasting experience and professional thinking, this study looked forward to the application prospects of big data in the global marine environment forecasting field as well as its technological changes and product (service) innovation.
Nitrate inversion based on remote sensing in the Pearl River Estuary, China
Authors: Lv Qiuxiao , Wang Difeng , Gong Fang , Bai Yan , He Xianqiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Against a background of ongoing economic and industrial development, the impact of human activities on the offshore environment has become increasingly significant in recent years. In many regions, contamination of the marine environment necessitates the need for dynamic, real-time and wide-coverage water quality monitoring and satellite remote sensing, such that multi-temporal and spatial scale observation of various oceanic parameters are realized. In this paper, using salinity, in situ spectral data, nitrate and other water quality data from five sampling campaigns in the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent waters, studies on the inversion of nitrate concentrations using an artificial neural network were performed. Two inversion models, based on input of the measured salinity and field spectral data and just the field spectral data, were investigated. After comparing the accuracy of the two models, it was considered that the nitrate model with salinity and field spectral data as input performed best. Finally, the selected model was applied to MODIS data to achieve inversion of the nitrate concentrations in the estuary waters and obtain the temporal distribution of nitrate concentrations as a means to monitor and evaluate water quality in the estuary.
Verification and analysis of surface water in China based on Landsat8 OLI images
Authors: Jiang Wei , He Guojin , Pang Zhiguo , Long Tengfei , Fu JUNE , Guo Hongxiang , Ni Yuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Surface water map is important to understand climate change and the hydrologic cycle and manage water resource. This study introduces multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network to produce a surface water map of China in 2015 (SWMC-2015), Then, a new framework is created to generate a set of random water and not water validation points to assess the accuracy of the SWMC-2015. The overall accuracy and kappa coefficients of SWMC-2015 are 90% and 0.78, respectively. Finally, with the SWMC-2015, the spatial characteristics of surface water are comprehensively analysed at national, basin and province scales. The surface water area in China is 154,811.1 km2, accounting for 1.63% of the total land area. There are considerable differences in surface water abundance at both the basin and province scales. The water body areas are largest in the continental basin and Tibet, and water bodies cover the greatest percentage of total surface area in the Huaihe River Basin and Jiangsu.
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Vegetation Index in Liaodong Bay in the last 30 years based on the GEE Platform
Authors: Zhou Chao , Li Fei , Zhang Jianli , Zhao Jianhua , Zhang Yun , Wang Jingwei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In order to determine the space-time characteristics of vegetation growing, aiming at the problems of poor efficiency in remote sensing information extraction of traditional methods, based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, NDVI data was extracted using Landsat image in the growing season from 1990 to 2019, and the space-time characteristics of vegetation were discussed with unitary linearity regression. The results showed that, 1) Taking 2010 as the turning point, NDVI of surface vegetation in Liaodong Bay showed a trend of first increase, then decrease and then increase during the past 30 years. The total area of vegetation cover have less change, while the proportion of medium-high coverage (0.6<NDVI<0.8) and high coverage (0.8<NDVI<1) increased significantly, 2) The spatial distribution of NDVI in Liaodong Bay have obvious differences, which shows a trend of gradual decrease from the Liaohe estuary delta to both sides. Affected by the development of coastal resources, NDVI increased firstly and then decreased from land to sea. In conclusion, the space-time change of NDVI in Liaodong Bay is affected by human development activities and ecological restoration. As an important quantitative factor, NDVI can provide basic data for the evaluation of environmental carrying capacity and ecological restoration.
Effects of spatial grain size on different types of cultivated land landscape pattern in fragmented agricultural landscapes based on GF-2 imagery
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Sun Ling , Wang Zhiming , Shan Jie , Huang Xiaojun , Li Mu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The landscape pattern of the cultivated land determines the type, number, distribution and the allocation of cultivated land resource, which could provide theoretical basis for ecological security research, provide reference for policy formulation. The high resolution satellite image provides macroscopic, real-time, fine and dynamic data source for the study of cultivated land landscape pattern. The study of spatial grain effects on the different types of cultivated land is an important part of the study of landscape pattern, and also provides a basis for the selection of suitable spatial resolution of remote sensing image. In this study, a concentrated area of cultivated land in the suburban area of Nanjing City in Jiangsu Province was taken as the study area. Based on the analysis of China high spatial resolution GF-2 image, different types of cultivated land in the study area were extracted, including rice, soybean, vegetables, fallow land and greenhouse cultivation. On this basis, a series of landscape pattern indices were used to analyse the effects of spatial grain size on different types of cultivated land landscape pattern characteristics. The Percentage of landscape index (PLAND) of five types of cultivated land in the study area remained stable with the increase of grain size and the Area weighted mean patch fractal index (FRAC_AM) of the five types of cultivated land landscape in the study area changed slightly especially the rice landscape. The Mean patch area (AREA_MN) and Mean nearest neighbour index (ENN_MN) increased in varying degrees with the increase of grain size, while Edge density (ED), Area weighted mean contiguity (CONTIG_AM) and Patch cohesion index (COHESION) decreased in varying degrees with the increase of grain size. Among the five types of cultivated land landscape, the ED and COHESION of soybean and fallow land decreased more obviously with the increase of grain size, and the AREA_MN a and ENN_MN of rice landscape increased most obviously with the increase of grain size.
Stand species identification using GF-2 imagery and airborne LiDAR data based on SVM classifier
Authors: Chen Caiyan , Jing Linhai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stand species recognition is one of the key topics in forest research. The new GaoFen-2 (GF-2) satellite imagery contains detailed spectral and texture features. LiDAR data can provide abundant forest structure information. Using deep learning algorithms to identify forest types from optical and LiDAR data can improve recognition accuracy effectively. In this paper, the GaoFeng forest farm of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is taken as the experimental area, the mean and variance of GF-2 red-green-blue triple band spectra are taken as the spectral characteristics, and the corner two matrix, entropy, contrast and correlation in the gray level co-occurrence matrix are taken as the texture characteristics, a canopy height model (CHM) derived from LiDAR data is built as the structural characteristics, comparing the classification accuracy of using spectral feature, texture feature and structure information or spectral feature, texture feature based on SVM deep learning algorithm to classify in different resolution and different classification levels. The results show that the accuracy of the specific tree species classification by SVM classifier using 2 m-resolution fused GF-2 image combined with spectral, texture and structure features is high, the total classification accuracy is 95.65%, and Kappa coefficient reaches 0.93. As a contrast, the results of 4m-resolution fused GF-2 image using spectral and texture feature classification are poor. Combining the spectral and texture information of forest and the structural information reflected by LiDAR point cloud data can achieve significantly better classification results than each single feature. Compared with several traditional supervised classifiers, the new method needs less specialization and is more beneficial to the large-scale promotion of forestry classification.
Using SBAS-InSAR to Detect Surface Movement above Old Mining Areas after Mine Closure
Authors: Yu Zhigang , Huang Guoman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The impact of underground coal mining on the surface is not only manifested in the period of coal mining, but also after the coal mining stops and after the coal mine closes down, there will still be residual settlement, or the opposite movement - surface uplift. With the continuous development of microwave earth observation technology, time series InSAR technology has become one of the important means of surface deformation observation in mining areas. In this paper, SBAS-InSAR technology is applied to study the surface deformation movement in Lingzi coal mine, Shandong Province. The time series observations of Sentinel-1A/B data acquired from March 2015 to August 2019 were analyzed, it is found that the seasonal variation of atmosphere is more obvious under the short revisit period and long time series of satellite data, especially in mountainous areas. Considering this effect, the polynomial method is used to fit the observed results. The results show that the surface deformation in Lingzi coal mine is diverse. Some areas continue to uplift, with the maximum uplift of 69mm. Others first subsidence and then uplift, with the maximum subsidence of - 80mm. The process of subsidence and uplift is based on different mechanisms. The subsidence is the residual subsidence of underground caving caused by coal mining, and the process of uplift is related to the recharge of groundwater.
Improved performance of perovskite photodetectors with a hybrid planar-mixed heterojunction
Authors: Wu Hairuo , Chu Bei , Su Zisheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Improved performance of lateral perovskite photodetectors is demonstrated based on a hybrid planar-mixed heterojunction structure, which comprises a CH3NH3PbI3:PC61BM ([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) bulk heterojunction on a planar SnO2 layer. The photodetector with an optimized PC61BM doping concentration shows a photocurrent more than three times to that device without a PC61BM doping or without a planar SnO2 layer, confirming that the hybrid planar-mixed heterojunction structure plays an important role in improving the performance of the devices. The photodetector exhibits a responsivity higher than 2 A W−1 in a wide range from ultraviolet to near infrared with a maximum one of 9 A W−1 at 315 nm. The improved performance is not only attributed to the increased electron transporting ability and the dissociation probability of excitons and/or electron-hole pairs in perovskite, but also to the growth of compact perovskite films with decreased grain boundary and hence the increased charge carriers transporting efficiency due to the introduction of PC61BM.
First-principles investigation on the bonding mechanism between graphyne and the (111) surface of Cu, Ag and Au
Authors: Sun Shenghui , Zhang Xin , Wang Shaoqing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A series of adsorption configurations with less than 2% lattice mismatch of graphyne adsorbed at different sites on the (111) surface of Cu, Ag and Au are obtained by a systematic rotation of the graphyne sheet. Besides, all the non-equivalent adsorption configurations of graphyne on metal surfaces are obtained by a structure screening method based on the translation of graphyne sheet and the calculation of the atomic overlapping area at the interface. The most stable adsorption configuration of graphyne on each metal surface is obtained by optimizing these non-equivalent adsorption configurations with a small computational cost. Then the adsorption energy, differential charge density, and partial density of states are calculated using a first-principles method in order to investigate the bonding mechanism between graphyne and the (111) surface of these three metals. The results show that the adsorption types of graphyne on the (111) surface of Cu, Ag and Au are chemisorption, chemical and physical mixed adsorption and pure physisorption, respectively. In detail, when a metal (Cu or Ag) atom is below a C atom, the C-pz orbital will interact with the s and d orbitals of the metal atom and then form a covalent bond with the metal atom. In particular, when a Cu atom lies below two carbon atoms joined by an acetylene bond, the s and d orbitals of the Cu atom hybridize with each other to form two identical sd orbitals and then form two covalent bonds with two C-pz orbitals. Our results not only provide a structure screening method for obtaining the most stable configuration with a very small lattice mismatch but also reveal the interface bonding mechanism between graphyne and metals, which will provide help for the preparation of graphyne and its application in composite materials.
The effects of interface and matrix reinforcements on fracture toughness of E-Glass/epoxy laminate
Authors: Saracoglu Goksel , Yapici Ahmet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, the effects of low amount (0.1 wt%) multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) distributed homogenously in epoxy via cationic surfactant (cetyl pyridiniumchloride-CPC), polyacrylonitrile nanofiber (in the range of 240–570 nm diameter) mats between each lamina, main fiber-matrix interface improvement using γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and intermediate combinations were investigated on the fracture toughness of E-Glass/epoxy laminate. Considering the data obtained from three-point bending test samples with a single edge crack, it was found that the ultimate bending strength, modulus and fracture toughness of the silane-treated samples increased by 25.6%, 4.9 and 16.6% respectively, with respect to the reference sample. When MWCNTs was added to the silane treated sample, it was observed that it did not enhance the fracture toughness and decreased the strength and modulus slightly (1%) with the effect of CPC. The effect of 128 μm thick nanofiber mats on the silane-treated sample did not occur as expected and was found to cause delamination by working as a separate layer between the laminae.
The burden of psychotropic and anticholinergic medicines use in care homes: population-based analysis in 147 care homes
Authors: Grill Paula , Marwick Charis , De Souza Nicosha , Burton Jennifer Kirsty , Hughes Carmel , Guthrie Bruce 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
older people living in care-homes are particularly vulnerable to adverse effects of psychotropic and anticholinergic drugs.

Methods
anonymised dispensed prescription data from all 4,478 residents aged ≥ 60 years in 147 care-homes in two Scottish health boards were analysed. Psychotropic medicines examined were antipsychotics, antidepressants, hypnotic/anxiolytics, opioids and gabapentinoids. Anticholinergic burden was measured using the modified anticholinergic risk scale (mARS). Variation between care-homes and associations with individual and care-home characteristics were examined using multilevel logistic regression.

Results
63.5% of residents were prescribed at least one psychotropic drug, and 27.0% two or more, most commonly antidepressants (41.6%), opioids (20.3%), hypnotic/anxiolytics (16.9%) and antipsychotics (16.7%). 48.1% were prescribed an anticholinergic drug, and 12.1% had high anticholinergic burden (mARS ≥ 3). Variation between care-homes was high for antipsychotics (intra-cluster correlation coefficient [ICC] 8.2%) and hypnotics/anxiolytics (ICC = 7.3%), and moderate for antidepressants (ICC = 4.7%) and anticholinergics (ICC = 2.8%). Prescribing of all drugs was lower in the oldest old. People with dementia were more likely to be prescribed antipsychotics (adjusted OR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.23–1.71) but less likely to be prescribed anticholinergics (aOR = 0.61, 95%CI 0.51–0.74). Prescribing of antipsychotics was higher in Tayside (aOR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.20–1.92), whereas prescribing of antidepressants (particularly tricyclic-related) was lower (aOR = 0.66, 95%CI 0.56–0.79). There was no association with care-home regulator quality scores.

Conclusion
care-home residents have high psychotropic and anticholinergic burden, with considerable variation between care-homes that is not related to existing measures of quality of care. Research to better understand variation between care-homes and the interaction with local prescribing cultures is needed.
Malpractice and Patient Safety Concerns
Authors: Reisch Lisa M , Flores Martiniano J , Radick Andrea C , Shucard Hannah L , Kerr Kathleen F , Piepkorn Michael W , Barnhill Raymond L , Elder David E , Knezevich Stevan R , Elmore Joann G 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectives“Assurance behaviors,” a type of defensive medicine, involve physicians’ utilization of additional patient services to avoid adverse legal outcomes. We aim to compare the use of clinical behaviors (such as ordering additional tests, services, and consultations) due to malpractice concerns with the same behaviors due to patient safety concerns.MethodsA national sample of dermatopathologists (n = 160) completed an online survey.ResultsParticipants reported using one or more of five clinical behaviors due to concerns about medical malpractice (95%) and patient safety (99%). Self-reported use of clinical behaviors due to malpractice concerns and patient safety concerns was compared, including ordering additional immunohistochemistry/molecular tests (71% vs 90%, respectively, P &lt; .0001), recommending additional surgical sampling (78% vs 91%, P &lt; .0001), requesting additional slides (81% vs 95%, P &lt; .0001), obtaining second reviews (78% vs 91%, P &lt; .0001), and adding caveats into reports regarding lesion difficulty (85% vs 89%, P &gt; .05).ConclusionsDermatopathologists use many clinical behaviors both as assurance behaviors and due to patient safety concerns, with a higher proportion reporting patient safety concerns as a motivation for specific behaviors.
(Mono-) Exposure to Naphthalene in the Abrasives Industry: Air Monitoring and Biological Monitoring
Authors: Weiss Tobias , Breuer Dietmar , Bury Daniel , Friedrich Claudia , Werner Silke , Aziz Mohammed , Hummel Thomas , Raulf Monika , Zschiesche Wolfgang , Sucker Kirsten , Pallapies Dirk , Bünger Jürgen , Brüning Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExposure to the bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon naphthalene occurs in most cases along with other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we report from an investigation of 63 healthy, non-smoking male employees in the abrasives industry where naphthalene is the only relevant chemical exposure. Exposure assessment was performed using a combination of Air and Biological Monitoring over nearly a whole working week (Mo.–Th.). Air measurements were carried out during the shift on Thursday with the GGP mini-sampling system, combining particle and vapour sampling at low flow rates. In urine spot samples, the metabolites 1- and 2-naphthol were measured Mo.–Th. pre- and post-shift (for the reference group only Mo. pre- and Th. post-shift). With regard to naphthalene concentrations measured in air and concentrations of its metabolites (1- and 2-naphthol) in urine, study participants could be divided into a high and a low exposure group, and a reference group. The naphthalene concentration in air was in the range of 0.1–11.6 mg m−3, and naphthol concentrations (sum of 1- and 2-naphthol) in post-shift urine were in the range of &lt;1 to 10 127 µg l−1. Naphthalene concentrations in air and naphthol concentrations in urine were closely correlated, indicating mainly airborne exposure at the investigated workplaces. As expected from toxicokinetic data, internal body burden increased slightly during a working week and did not completely decline over a work-free weekend to background concentrations observed in occupationally not exposed persons. Taking into account the observed increase in pre- and post-shift values during the working week, urine sampling for Biological Monitoring at workplaces should be carried out after several preceding shifts. Our data allow the derivation of biological limit values for the sum of 1- and 2-naphthol in urine corresponding to occupational exposure limits for naphthalene in air.