bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticolimbic brain anomalies are associated with cognitive subtypes in psychosis: A longitudinal study
Authors: Ho New Fei , Lee Benjamin J. H. , Tng Jordon X. J. , Lam Max Z. Y. , Chen Guoyang , Wang Mingyuan , Zhou Juan , Keefe Richard S. E. , Sim Kang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background.
Earlier studies examining structural brain abnormalities associated with cognitively derived subgroups were mainly cross-sectional in design and had mixed findings. Thus, we obtained cross-sectional and longitudinal data to characterize the extent and trajectory of brain structure abnormalities underlying distinct cognitive subtypes (“preserved,” “deteriorated,” and “compromised”) seen in psychotic spectrum disorders.

Methods.
Data from 364 subjects (225 patients with psychotic conditions and 139 healthy controls) were first used to determine the relationship of cognitive subtypes with cross-sectional measures of subcortical volume and cortical thickness. To probe neurodevelopmental abnormalities, brain structure laterality was examined. To examine whether neuroprogressive abnormalities persist, longitudinal brain structural changes over 5 years were examined within a subset of 101 subjects. Subsequent discriminant analysis using the identified brain measures was performed on an independent subject group.

Results.
Cross-sectional comparisons showed that cortical thinning and limbic volume reductions were most widespread in “deteriorated” cognitive subtype. Laterality comparisons showed more rightward amygdala lateralization in “compromised” than “preserved” subtype. Longitudinal comparisons revealed progressive hippocampal shrinkage in “deteriorated” compared with healthy controls and “preserved” subtype, which correlated with worse negative symptoms, cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Post-hoc discrimination analysis on an independent group of 52 subjects using the identified brain structures found an overall accuracy of 71% for classification of cognitive subtypes.

Conclusion.
These findings point toward distinct extent and trajectory of corticolimbic abnormalities associated with cognitive subtypes in psychosis, which can allow further understanding of the biological course of cognitive functioning over illness course and with treatment.
Hospitalization Rates Related to Coordinated Home Health Care Services With a Community Oncology Practice
Authors: Sandbach John F. , Bachelor John , Larson Kimberly , Jordan Denize , Mullins Janet , Davis Dave , Sheff Gregory 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE: Oncology care reimbursement has been shifting from a traditional fee-for-service model to either 1- or 2-sided risk models during the past 5 years. A major expense associated with the total cost of care is hospitalization cost. The study set out to investigate whether the creation of an Advanced Community Care Model (ACCM) of home health care would affect 60-day hospitalization and 30-rehospitalization rates in a community oncology setting. METHODS: In conjunction with a single home health care organization, an ACCM was modified for oncology care to include intervention protocols to address antiemetic issues, pain control, dehydration, shortness of breath, diarrhea, and fever. Weekly and monthly joint management meetings began. Quality metrics were defined. RESULTS: Overall, 457 unique home health care admissions were evaluated. Hospitalization associated with intervention protocols was evaluated. Sixty-day hospitalization rates decreased from 14% to 8%. Thirty-day rehospitalization rates decreased from 25% to 10%. CONCLUSION: An oncology ACCM, as created in this study, appears to have reduced both 60-day hospitalization and 30-day rehospitalization rates.
Null hypotheses for developmental evolution
Authors: Church Samuel H. , Extavour Cassandra G. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
How much evolutionary change in development do we expect? In this Spotlight, we argue that, as developmental biologists, we are in a prime position to contribute to the definition of a null hypothesis for developmental evolution: in other words, a hypothesis for how much developmental evolution we expect to observe over time. Today, we have access to an unprecedented array of developmental data from across the tree of life. Using these data, we can now consider development in the light of evolution, and vice versa, more deeply than ever before. As we do this, we may need to re-examine previous assumptions that appeared to serve us well when data points were fewer. Specifically, we think it is important to challenge assumptions that change is very rare for all developmental traits, especially if this assumption is used to sustain an erroneous view that evolution always optimizes adaptive traits toward increasing complexity.
Product Price Risk and Liquidity Management: Evidence from the Electricity Industry
Authors: Lin Chen , Schmid Thomas , Weisbach Michael S. 
Published: April 2020

Product price risk is a potentially important factor for firms’ liquidity management. A natural place to evaluate the impact of this risk on liquidity management is the electricity industry, because producing firms face substantial price volatility in wholesale markets. Empirically, higher volatility of electricity prices leads to an increase in cash holdings, and this effect is robust to instrumenting for price risk using weather volatility. Cash increases more with price risk in firms using inflexible production technologies and those that cannot easily hedge electricity prices, indicating that operating flexibility and hedging are substitutes for liquidity management. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA NO SISTEMA SOCIOEDUCATIVO: DESAFIOS E POSSIBILIDADES PARA PROBLEMATIZAÇÃO DA CONSCIÊNCIA HISTÓRICA
Authors: Ribeiro Andréa Sannazzaro 
Published: April 2020

No regime socioeducativo, parte da sentença para ressocialização, implica que os adolescentes estejam dentro da vivência escolar, fazendo valer o estatuto da criança e adolescente (ECA) e tornando a frequência na escola obrigatória. O repertório de vida trazido pela vivência desses educandos carrega a possibilidade de expressões de narrativas permeadas por consciência histórica muitas vezes negligenciada pelo ensino de história tradicional. Tentarei no presente artigo a partir da minha vivência no ensino regular e integral do sistema socioeducativo, a partir da reflexão de autores já conhecidos no ensino da História e da teoria da História, entender como é possível aproximação com adolescentes que precisam construir suas possibilidades de futuro e se reconhecerem enquanto sujeitos históricos, podendo assim, ter sua ressocialização enriquecida através da disciplina História.
Experimental investigation on the effect of wavelength on aperture averaging in FSO communications
Authors: Nouri Hatef , Uysal Murat 
Published: April 2020

Atmospheric turbulence is a major impairment in free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. Based on the fact that the size of receiver aperture is much larger than operation wavelength, aperture averaging extracts inherent receiver diversity gains and can be used as an effective fading mitigation technique. In this Letter, we consider the three most common wavelengths used in telecommunications, namely 1550, 1310, and 850 nm, and present a comparative performance evaluation of aperture averaging under the same emulated atmospheric conditions. Our emulator is in the form of an atmospheric chamber equipped with adjustable heaters, coolers, and fans to create the desired level of turbulence. Our results demonstrate that by changing the wavelength and/or aperture size, a strong turbulence condition with Gamma-Gamma statistics can turn into a weak turbulence condition with log-normal statistics. Such a phenomenon can be observed even for relatively small aperture sizes if the wavelength is sufficiently high.
Evaluation of the interpretation criteria of Western Blot profiles for the HIV-1 infection diagnosis in a South Moroccan group
Authors: Chadli Smail , Ait Said Hassna , Fadil Fatima Zahra , Benlmeliani Fatima , Sardi Jamila , Kharbouch Samira , Hassaini Nadia , El Bassbassi Maryem , Taqarort Naima , Oulkheir Said , Aghrouch Mohamed 
Published: April 2020

Introduction : Western Blot (WB) is the most commonly used method to confirm the presence of antibodies against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). The interpretation of WB, however, poses difficulties since of the multiplicity of criteria proposed by various international organizations. Some criteria generate an unacceptable number of indeterminate results, thus preventing the early management of patients. The present work aims to evaluate the different criteria for interpretation of WB according to various organizations compared to viral load test.Material and methods : This is a study carried out on a total of 2 618 Western Blot profiles registered during a period of 56 month (from January 2013 to September 2017) at the Laboratory of Medical Analysis of Regional Hospital Center in Agadir.Results : The results obtained indicate that some organizations have very interesting values concerning the positivity of the WB profiles; WHO (94.84%), CDC/ ASTPHLD (94.61%) and SFTS (93.09%). For the negative profiles, all the organizations have identical values with 3.59%. Regarding indeterminate profiles, the WHO gave the minimum of these cases (1.57%) followed by CDC / ASTPHLD (1.8%) and SFTS (3.32%). The WHO provided very interesting values for sensitivity (98.93%), specificity (91.26%), positive predictive value (99.64%) and negative predictive value (74.60%). Similarly, the CDC / ASTPHLD criteria remain favorable and are highly consistent with those of WHO (p = 0.8113).Conclusion : Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values are characteristics of WB test that interpret the results and allow applying them to patients. In our context, it is recommended to adopt the WHO criteria to facilitate the interpretation of western blot profiles. The CDC / ASTPHLD criteria remain favorable to adoption.
Different Fate of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (Clinical and EEG Cases Report)
Authors: Drobný Michal , Krkoška Dušan , Sobolová Gabriela , Babušík Martin , Učňová Silvia , Drobná Sániová Beata , Tulejová Lenka , Priadka Daniel 
Published: April 2020

We followed clinical and EEG examinations of two patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in acute condition along with monitoring their early and late outcomes. Patients: M. B., 23-year-old female, who completed home treatment as a severe organic psycho-syndrome, reliant on nursing care, and L. J., now 16-year-old female patient, whose HSE in the 3 rd year of her life went into auto-aggressive Rasmussen encephalitislike condition with epileptic status in the form of Epilepsia parcialis continua (EPC).The EEG signal was statistically processed using «power spectral analysis» with color maps 3D BM showing the performance of individual frequency bands topographically and the measurement of connectivity in longitudinal and transversal direction by means of the mean coherencies — indexes of connectivity.On the 9th year of L. J. life when she overcame varicella with a significant eruption of the skin and high temperature the highly active EEG patterns were attenuated both graphically and clinically with a significant reduction in focal epilepsy. The latter was affected by a total thiopentotal anesthesia and bolus corticotherapy, as well as amantadine sulphate.This patient exhibited central right lower limb mono-paresis in a selfstanding walk and 4–5 short myoclonic abduction cramps in arm joints associated with vocalized «hee-haw», deep inspiring and expiring in full consciousness. MRI proved hyperintense area parasagitally on the left side of the centromotor region and EEG with epileptogenic grapho-elements in adjacent scar. We compared the last sample of the EEG signal to the EEG patterns of her homozygous sister and found them identical with no pathological graphoelements.These patients survival was the result of continuing anti-viral treatment, intensive medical and nursing care aimed to protect neural cells in the brain, the effect of which was longitudinally monitored by classic and statistical EEG signal analysis.The late outcome of these patients was diametrically different. L. J. graduated from the 9-year primary school with good results. M. B. was progressively mobilized, despite the clinical signs of severe alterations of psychic sphere as a result of postencephalitic encephalopathy with insufficient response to neuroleptics and sedatives. After parents’ agreement received she was transferred to the regional hospital.
Oxygen Regime and Exchange of Ammonia in the Sensomotor Cortex of Cats During Blood Loss and Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Authors: Yakovlev V. N. , Savilov P. N. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose.To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the oxygen regime and ammonia metabolism in the neurons of cat cortex in hemorrhagic shock.Material and methods.Experiments were performed on 164 cats (males). The effect of HBO (3 ATA, 50 min) on cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen tension (PO2), the content of ammonia (Am), glutamine (Gn), glutamate (Gt), α-ketglutarate (α-KG), the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDG), glutamine synthetase (GS), phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) activity was studied in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC); the content of Am, GN and oxygen parameters in arterial (AB) blood and venous blood (VB) of the sagittal sinus in hemorrhagic shock caused by fractional bloodletting of their femoral artery at a rate of 10ml/kg/10 min in an average volume of 24±0.8 ml/kg, which was stopped with a decrease in systolic blood pressure to the level of 60.0±1.5 mm Hg. HBO was commenced on post-hemorrhagic minute 10 following the regimen of 3 ATA for 60 min.Results.The decrease in CBF and PO2in SMC develops as early as the 10th minute of hemorrhagic shock, progressing to the stage of hemorrhagic shock decompensation (60±14 min). Accumulation of Am in the SMC at the stage of hemorrhagic shock decompensation associated with stimulation of PDG and GDG activity, inhibition of hemorrhagic shock activity and deficiency of α-KG. HBO, without eliminating hypoxia in SMC, prevented the development of the decompensation stage in animals with GS, pathological accumulation of Am, and a decrease in the activity of hemorrhagic shock. HBO increases the Gn increment from the SMC, into the blood. Under HBO conditions, the stimulating effect of hypoxia on GDG activity remains, but the concentration of glutamate remains within the normal range, as does the activity of PDG.Conclusion.Hyperbaric oxygenation, without eliminating hypoxia in SMC, which develops in hemorrhagic shock, prevents a violation of the exchange of ammonia in it, caused by acute non-compensated blood loss.
Love is Historically, Institutionally, and Societally Constructed: Using Intersectionality to Examine Racial Issues of Power and Privilege in Queer Relationships
Authors: Tahir Sarah 
Published: April 2020

How does interracial attraction expose power dynamics within both heterosexual and queer relationships in accordance with historical and institutional infringements on civil rights? With my research paper, I aim to unpack the power dynamics, present and historically constructed, within white-person of color relationships, as well as the desires for whiteness, cisheteronormativity, and assimilation inherent in them due to hegemonic, normative systems of superiority and dependency. I will use American court cases to demonstrate institutional infringements on queerness as well as scholarly articles which support my point that whiteness infiltrates every aspect of life including relationships and the dynamics which form them, with a specific focus on visibility.
Ideal supplementary cementing material – Metakaolin: A review
Authors: Thankam G. Lizia , Thurvas Renganathan Neelakantan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThough being an ancient trend, usage of the homogeneous material cement in the construction industry is steadily getting eradicated with the springing up of supplementary cementing materials (SCM). Metakaolin is an imminent mineral admixture extracted from the mineral ore kaolinite, which enhances the interfacial zone by more efficient packing at the cement paste-aggregate particle interface, thus reducing the bleeding and producing a denser, more homogeneous transition zone microstructure. This paper depicts the various repercussions of the pozzolanic material metakaolin in the fresh and hardened properties of concrete when replaced with cement in finite amount. Also, it states the behavior of high-performance concrete and self-compacting concrete with metakaolin.
Pornography use in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mestre-Bach Gemma , Blycker Gretchen R. , Potenza Marc N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the global expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic, social or physical distancing, quarantines, and lockdowns have become more prevalent. Concurrently, Pornhub, one of the largest pornography sites, has reported increased pornography use in multiple countries, with global traffic increasing over 11% from late February to March 17, 2020. While some substantial increases have coincided with Pornhub making its premium services free to countries in lockdowned or quarantined jurisdictions, countries without such free premium access have also reported increases in the range of 4–24%. In addition, pornography searches using the terms “coronavirus”, “corona”, and “covid” have reached more than 9.1 million. In this letter, we discuss COVID-19-related pornography-use patterns and the impact they may have with respect to problematic pornography use.
Estimating older people's labour supply decisions in Korea
Authors: Lee Inhee , Heshmati Almas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn 2017, Korea became an ‘aged society,’ with the proportion of people aged 65 or older exceeding 14%, while the ratio of the working-age population declined for the first time. This study uses data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLOSA) to examine the effects of public pension on the labour supply of older people and discusses ways of preparing for this ageing problem. The study uses the Heckman sample selection model for analysing both the extensive and intensive margins of older people's labour supply. Our results show that the effects of public pensions in Korea are very different from that in other countries. It can be inferred that these differences are a consequence of the less developed social security system and limited experience from its short period of implementation. Hence, encouraging older people to work could be a way of solving the problem of relatively high poverty among the older population in a society that is likely to age even more. This is considered an optimal solution in light of increasing life expectancy, a poor social security system, and a decrease in private income transfers from children to their ageing parents.
Nyelőcső-perforatio miatt végzett oesophagusexstirpatio rekonstrukciója hypopharyngogastrostoma képzésével
Authors: Baranyai Zsolt , Répássy Jr. Gábor , Molnár Viktória , Forgács Gábor , Hacki Tamás , Jósa Valéria , Balázs Ákos , Vass Tamás 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
A sebészi és az intenzív terápia jelentős fejlődése ellenére a
nyelőcső-perforatio napjainkban is súlyos, életet veszélyeztető állapot. A
háttérben álló kiváltó okok, a kísérő betegségek, a lokalizáció és a kialakuló
gyulladás eltérő mértéke miatt néha váratlan szituációval találkozik a sebész.
Az 58 éves nőbetegnél a gyomor mellűri inkarcerált herniája miatt kialakult
oesophagusperforatio és a következményes nekrotizáló mediastinitis miatt
végeztünk oesophagusexstirpatiót, cervicalis oesophagostomiát alakítottunk ki. A
tápcsatorna rekonstrukciója során a nyelőcsőcsonk ismeretlen eredetű, teljes
hosszát érintő „zsugorodását” találtuk. A csőgyomrot a hypopharynxra
anasztomizáltuk, a kialakult insufficientia konzervatív terápiára szanálódott. A
beteg komplex nyelésterápia után visszanyerte részleges nyelési képességét. A
nem tumoros alapbetegség miatt képzett hypopharyngogastrostoma irodalmi
ritkaság. Kényszerhelyzetben, mint amilyen az esetünk is volt, választható
műtéti megoldás. A beavatkozást azonban teammunkán alapuló rehabilitációnak kell
követnie, amelynek során kiemelt szerepe van a nyelési terápiának. Orv Hetil.
2020; 161(18): 756–760.
Az amputációk területi gyakorisága társadalmi és ellátórendszeri összefüggésben Magyarországon 2016–2017-ben
Authors: Dózsa Csaba , Szeberin Zoltán , Sótonyi Péter , Nemes Balázs , Tóth-Vajna Zsombor , Kövi Rita , Fadgyas-Freyler Petra , Korponai Gyula , Herczeg Adrienn 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A perifériás artériás betegségek
legnagyobb alcsoportját az alsó végtagi verőérbetegségek képezik, melyek a
népesség mintegy 4–6%-ában fordulnak elő. Magyarországon a vizsgált időszakban
összesen 6798 major amputációra került sor. Az időben és megfelelő módszerrel
elvégzett kezeléssel az alsó végtagi amputációk (melyek 30 napos mortalitása
20%, 2 éves mortalitása pedig 40–60% közötti) száma hatékonyan csökkenthető.
Tanulmányunk célja feltárni az ellátásban rejlő területi különbségeket.
Módszer: A perifériás erek kezelése finanszírozási
adatainak bemutatása során retrospektív adatelemzést végeztünk a Nemzeti
Egészségbiztosítási Alapkezelő 2015–2017. évi finanszírozási adatainak
felhasználásával. A halálozási arány területi különbségeit leíró statisztikával
vizsgáltuk, elemezve a halálozási arányszám és egyéb faktorok közötti esetleges
összefüggéseket. Eredmények: A kistérségi – járási szintű –
elemzés (n = 174) nagy különbségeket tárt fel az országon belül az amputációk 10
ezer lakosra jutó arányát tekintve. Igazolta, hogy az amputációk döntő többségét
a járások 30%-ában végzik, vagyis a kiemelkedő rossz hazai amputációs
arányszámot a járások mintegy 30%-ának nagyon kedvezőtlen adata okozza.
Regressziós elemzés támasztotta alá a járási szintű, akár négyszeres területi
különbségek mögött meghúzódó kapcsolatot az amputációs ráta és az egyes
szocioökonómiai tényezők, illetve az endovascularis radiológiai ellátás
elérhetősége között. A rétegzett többszörös regressziós elemzés rávilágított
arra, hogy azokban a járásokban, ahol nem érhető el az endovascularis ellátás (n
= 159), az egyetemi végzettségűek aránya sokkal alacsonyabb (β1 =
–0,13, 95% CI: –0,18 – –0,09) és a 65 év felettiek aránya magasabb
(β1 = 0,14, 95% CI: 0,03–0,24), ami egymás hatásától függetlenül
szignifikánsan befolyásolja az amputációs rátát. Azokban a járásokban viszont,
ahol elérhető volt az intervenciós radiológiai ellátás (n = 14), a lakosság
életkori megoszlása hatott a leginkább (β1 = 0,7, 95% CI: 0,42–0,98)
az amputációk gyakoriságára. Következtetés: Területi és
szociális alapon jelentős különbségek tapasztalhatók az országban incidenciában,
prevalenciában és halálozási rátában is. A betegség kialakulásában,
előrehaladásában erőteljesen megjelennek a szociális, képzettségbeli és
jövedelmi különbségek, illetve a lakóhelyközeli ellátóhelyi kapacitások hatása
is. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(18): 747–755.