bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of cuticular and internal lipids of the insect Rhynchophorus palmarum
Authors: Batalha Mariana de M. C. , Goulart Henrique F. , Santana Antônio E. G. , Barbosa Leandro A. O. , Nascimento Ticiano G. , da Silva Meirielly K. H. , Dornelas Camila B. , Grillo Luciano A. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInsect cuticle lipids are involved in various types of chemical communication between species, and reduce the penetration of insecticides, chemicals, and toxins, as well as provide protection against the attack of microorganisms, parasitic insects, and predators. Ecological studies related to the insect Rhynchophorus palmarum are well‐known; however, very little is known about its resistance mechanisms, which includes its lipid composition and its importance, specifically the cuticle layer. This study aimed to characterize the cuticle and internal lipid compounds of the male and female R. palmarum adult insects and to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial activity. We performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyzes of lipid extracts fractions and we identified 10 methyl esters of fatty acids esters of C14 to C23, with variation between the sexes of C22:0, C21:0, present only in male cuticle, and C20:2 in female. The lipid content of this insect showed relevant amount of C16:1, C18:1, and C18:2. The antimicrobial activity of the cuticular and internal fractions obtained was tested, which resulted in minimum inhibitory concentrations between 12.5 and 20 μg/ml against Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis), Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia), and fungal species (Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis). The antimicrobial effect of the R. palmarum cuticle open perspectives for a new source to bioinsecticidal strategies, in addition to elucidating a bioactive mixture against bacteria and fungi.
Bauteiloptimierung durch Funktionsintegration
Authors: Schlüter Dominik , Riegelmann Philipp , Scheerer Silke , Curbach Manfred 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBauwerke so zu gestalten, dass sie mit einem geringen ökonomischen und ökologischen Aufwand ihre Funktionen – insbesondere Schutz vor äußeren Einwirkungen und Energieversorgung – erfüllen, ist eine wichtige Zukunftsaufgabe. Die Herstellung von Bauteilen als Fertigteil führt in vielen Bereichen zu einer ökonomischen und ökologischen Vorteilhaftigkeit. Diese soll ebenfalls auf die Funktion Energieversorgung übertragen werden, indem erneuerbare Energietechnologien bereits in den Prozess der Fertigteilherstellung integriert werden. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Publikation werden plattenartige Bauteilkonstruktionen zur Einbettung von elektrischen Energiespeichern in Fertigteile vorgestellt und im Hinblick auf Tragfähigkeit und Erstrissverhalten untersucht. Konstruktionen aus dünnen Textilbetonplatten mit eingebauten Kassetten stellten sich im Hinblick auf Tragverhalten, eine Austauschbarkeit der elektrischen Speicherelemente und dem zur Verfügung gestellten Speichervolumen als besonders vorteilhaft heraus.
Characterization of lysozyme PEGylation products using polarized excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy
Authors: de Faria e Silva Ana Luiza , Elcoroaristizabal Saioa , Ryder Alan George 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe growing use of therapeutic proteins requires accurate analytical techniques for measuring biophysical and structural changes during manufacturing. This is particularly true for the PEGylation of proteins, because characterization of PEGylation reactions and products can often be difficult due to the relatively small impact on protein structure, the lack of an accessible polyethylene glycol (PEG) chromophore, and the heterogeneous final product mixtures. Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy is one potential solution due to its relatively high sensitivity to small changes in protein structure and its suitability for online or atline measurements. In this study, we use the PEGylation of lysozyme as a model system to determine the efficacy of polarized excitation‐emission matrix (pEEM) spectroscopy as a rapid tool for characterizing the structural variability of the lysozyme (LZ) starting materials and PEGylated products with varying PEG‐to‐protein ratios (PPR). Dynamic light scattering showed that as PPR increased from 0 to 2.8, the hydrodynamic radius increased from ∼2.2 to 4.8 nm. pEEM measurements provided several sources of information: Rayleigh scattering to identify size changes and aggregate/particle formation, and fluorescence emission to assess chemical and structural changes. PEGylation induced sufficient physicochemical changes in LZ, which produced changes in the pEEM spectra, largely due to variations in the hydrophobic environments of tryptophan residues close to a PEG attachment site. These significant spectral changes when modeled using conventional multivariate analysis methods were able to easily discriminate the raw product solutions according to the degree of PEGylation and were also able to predict PPR with reasonable accuracy (root mean square error for calibration ∼10%, relative error of prediction < 20%), considering the reference size exclusion chromatography method error of ∼7.2%. The variable selection of the pEEM data suggests that equivalent predictions could be obtained with faster and simpler two‐dimensional spectra, making the method a more viable online measurement method.
The Orthostatic Hypotension Questionnaire in Swedish tested in patients with parkinsonism
Authors: Olsson Andreas , Olsson Mia , Fedorowski Artur , Hagell Peter , Wictorin Klas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundOrthostatic hypotension (OH) is common among older people and in particular in conditions like Parkinson’s disease (PD). The OH Questionnaire (OHQ) has been proposed as a useful patient‐reported assessment tool consisting of the OH Symptom Assessment (OHSA), OH Daily Activity Scale (OHDAS), and a composite score.Aims of the StudyTo translate the OHQ into Swedish and assess its psychometric properties.MethodsFollowing forward–backward translation, the Swedish OHQ was field‐tested (n = 6) for relevance, comprehensibility, and respondent burden. It was then tested regarding scaling assumptions, targeting, reliability, and construct validity in persons with PD (n = 27) and multiple system atrophy (n = 2).ResultsThe Swedish OHQ was considered relevant and easy to use, with a mean completion time of 5.3 min. Scaling assumptions were acceptable for OHSA and OHDAS (corrected item‐total correlations, .30–.67) but not for the total score (.12–.69). Floor/ceiling effects were ≤3.4% and reliability was >.64. Construct validity was supported by expected correlations with the SCOPA‐AUT, RAND‐36, and blood pressure measurements.ConclusionsThe Swedish OHQ was well received, and psychometric results suggest that the OHQ (particularly the OHDAS) is a useful tool for OH assessment in parkinsonian disorders. Further testing in larger samples is needed.
Efficacy and safety of two pegfilgrastim biosimilars: Tripegfilgrastim and pegteograstim
Authors: Kang Ka‐Won , Lee Byung‐Hyun , Jeon Min Ji , Yu Eun Sang , Kim Dae Sik , Lee Se Ryeon , Sung Hwa Jung , Choi Chul Won , Park Yong , Kim Byung Soo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of two recently developed biosimilars of pegfilgrastim, a pegylated form of the recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) analog filgrastim with those of the reference pegfilgrastim. We retrospectively analyzed data from patients diagnosed with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who were treated with first‐line R‐CHOP chemotherapy and received pegylated G‐CSF for primary prophylaxis. The following pegylated G‐CSFs were analyzed in this study: reference pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®) and two of its biosimilars (tripegfilgrastim; Dulastin® and pegteograstim; Neulapeg®). In total, 296 patients were enrolled. The number of patients with at least one episode of neutropenia during R‐CHOP chemotherapy was the lowest in the reference cohort (pegfilgrastim: 127 of 193 patients, 65.8%; tripegfilgrastim: 64 of 69 patients, 92.8%; pegteograstim: 28 of 34 patients, 82.4%, P < .001). The number of patients with at least one episode of febrile neutropenia was also lowest in the reference cohort (pegfilgrastim: 67 of 193 patients, 34.7%; tripegfilgrastim: 38 of 69 patients, 55.1%; pegteograstim: 16 of 34 patients, 47.1%, P = .009). There were no differences in the duration of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia or treatment outcomes (rate of complete response or relapse and survival). There were no reports of grade 3 or higher adverse events requiring discontinuation of prophylactic pegylated G‐CSF in any group. The safety of the pegfilgrastim biosimilars for prophylactic purposes was comparable to that of the reference pegfilgrastim; however, in terms of their efficacy, the incidence of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia tended to be higher than that when using pegfilgrastim. The clinical relevance of these results in the biosimilar cohorts should be explored.
Effect of extruded finger millet on dough rheology and functional quality of pearl millet‐based unleavened flatbread
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Kaur Charanjit , Sethi Swati , Kaur Jambh Harpreet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesIt has been hypothesized that extrusion can improve the viscoelasticity of dough. The present study aimed to verify the potential of extruded finger millet (EF) flour in improving the rheological, technological, nutritional, and sensory characteristics of pearl millet‐based composite dough and flatbread.FindingsIncremental addition of EF in pearl millet (PM) composite dough caused a significant (p < .05) decrease in pasting properties of composite dough, whereas there was a significant increase in dough extensibility. The dough prepared by substituting 20% EF exhibited a higher value of the elastic share of compliance. EF significantly (p < .05) improved the puffing, textural, and nutritional quality of PM composite flatbread.ConclusionAddition of EF in PM improved the rheological and nutritional profile of flatbread.Significance and noveltySubstitution of EF flour can significantly improve the technological properties, nutrition of PM‐based flatbread.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of 6‐Alkynyl‐3‐fluoro‐2‐pyridinaldoximes: Access to First‐in‐Class 6‐Alkyl‐3‐Fluoro‐2‐pyridinaldoxime Scaffolds as New Reactivators of Sarin‐Inhibited Human Acetylcholinesterase with Increased Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability
Authors: Yerri Jagadeesh , Dias José , Nimmakayala Mallikajurna Reddy , Razafindrainibe Franck , Courageux Charlotte , Gastellier Anne‐Julie , Jegoux Johanne , Coisne Caroline , Landry Christophe , Gosselet Fabien , Hachani Johan , Goossens Jean‐François , Dehouck Marie‐Pierre , Nachon Florian , Baati Rachid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNovel 6‐alkyl‐ and 6‐alkenyl‐3‐fluoro‐2‐pyridinaldoximes have been synthesised by using a mild and efficient chemoselective hydrogenation of 6‐alkynyl‐3‐fluoro‐2‐pyridinaldoxime scaffolds, without altering the reducible, unprotected, sensitive oxime functionality and the C−F bond. These novel 6‐alkyl‐3‐fluoro‐2‐pyridinaldoximes may find medicinal application as antidotes to organophosphate poisoning. Indeed, one low‐molecular‐weight compound exhibited increased affinity for sarin‐inhibited acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and greater reactivation efficiency or resurrection for sarin‐inhibited hAChE, compared with those of 2‐pyridinaldoxime (2‐PAM) and 1‐({[4‐(aminocarbonyl)pyridinio]methoxy}methyl)‐2‐[(hydroxyimino)methyl]pyridinium chloride (HI‐6), two pyridinium salts currently used as antidote by several countries. In addition, the uncharged 3‐fluorinated bifunctional hybrid showed increased in vitro blood–brain barrier permeability compared with those of 2‐PAM, HI‐6 and obidoxime. These promising features of novel low‐molecular‐weight alkylfluoropyridinaldoxime open up a new era for the design, synthesis and discovery of central non‐quaternary broad spectrum reactivators for organophosphate‐inhibited cholinesterases.
Theoretical Study on Photoisomerization Mechanisms of Diphenyl‐Substituted N,C‐Chelate Organoboron Compounds
Authors: Du Xin‐Yi , Li Quan‐Song 
Published: July 2020

AbstractN,C‐chelate organoboron compounds are widely employed as photoresponsive and optoelectronic materials due to their efficient photochromic reactivity. It was found in experiments that two diphenyl‐substituted organoboron compounds, namely B(ppy)Ph2 (ppy=2‐phenylpyridyl) and B(iba)Ph2 (iba=N‐isopropylbenzylideneamine), show distinct photochemical reactivity. B(ppy)Ph2 is inert on irradiation, whereas B(iba)Ph2 undergoes photoinduced transformations, yielding BN‐cyclohepta‐1,3,5‐triene via a borirane intermediate. In this work, the complete active space self‐consistent field and its second‐order perturbation (CASPT2//CASSCF) methods were used to investigate the photoinduced reaction mechanisms of B(ppy)Ph2 and B(iba)Ph2. The calculations showed that the two compounds isomerize to borirane in the same way by passing a transition state in the S1 state and a conical intersection between the S1 and S0 states. The energy barriers in the S1 state of 0.54 and 0.26 eV for B(ppy)Ph2 and B(iba)Ph2, respectively, were explained by analyzing the charge distributions of minima in S0 and S1 states. The results provide helpful insights into the excited‐state dynamics of organoboron compounds, which could assist in rational design of boron‐based photoresponsive materials.
Shifting Towards αVβ6 Integrin Ligands Using Novel Aminoproline‐Based Cyclic Peptidomimetics
Authors: Bugatti Kelly , Bruno Agostino , Arosio Daniela , Sartori Andrea , Curti Claudio , Augustijn Lisa , Zanardi Franca , Battistini Lucia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recognition of the key role played by integrins in several life‐threatening dysfunctions, the search for novel small‐molecule probes that selectively recognize these surface receptors is still open and widely pursued. Inspired by previously established aminoproline (Amp)‐RGD based cyclopeptidomimetics with attracting αVβ3 integrin affinity and selectivity, the design and straightforward synthesis of 18 new AmpRGD chemotypes bearing additional structural variants were herein implemented, to shift toward peptide‐like αVβ6 integrin targeted binders. The ligand competence of the synthesized products toward αVβ6 was evaluated in competitive binding assays on isolated receptors, and αVβ6/αVβ3 selectivity was determined for a subgroup of compounds, resulting in the identification of four very promising candidates. SAR considerations and docking simulations allowed us to appreciate the key structural features responsible for the observed activity.
Nucleotide‐Bearing Benzylidene‐Tetrahydroxanthylium Near‐IR Fluorophore for Sensing DNA Replication, Secondary Structures and Interactions
Authors: Kuba Miroslav , Kraus Tomáš , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThymidine triphosphate bearing benzylidene‐tetrahydroxanthylium near‐IR fluorophore linked to the 5‐methyl group via triazole was synthesized through the CuAAC reaction and was used for polymerase synthesis of labelled DNA probes. The fluorophore lights up upon incorporation to DNA (up to 348‐times) presumably due to interactions in major groove and the fluorescence further increases in the single‐stranded oligonucleotide. The labelled dsDNA senses binding of small molecules and proteins by a strong decrease of fluorescence. The nucleotide was used as a light‐up building block in real‐time PCR for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus.
Chiral amorphous metal–organic polyhedra used as the stationary phase for high‐resolution gas chromatography separations
Authors: Tang Bo , Sun Chenyu , Wang Wei , Geng Lina , Sun Liquan , Luo Aiqin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, we describe a new chiral amorphous metal–organic polyhedra used as the stationary phase for high‐resolution gas chromatography (GC). The chiral stationary phase was coated onto a capillary column via a dynamic coating process and investigated for a variety of compounds. The experimental results showed that the chiral stationary phase exhibits good selectivity for linear alkanes, linear alcohols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, isomers, and chiral compounds. In addition, the column has the advantages of high column efficiency and short analysis time. The present work indicated that amorphous metal–organic polyhedra have great potential for application as a new type of stationary phase for GC.
Pattern retrieval of yarn‐dyed plaid fabric based on modified interactive genetic algorithm
Authors: Zhang Ning , Pan Ruru , Wang Lei , Meng Shuo , Gao Weidong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the development of perceptual consumption, consumers sometimes cannot explicitly describe the purchase demands or only based on impression, like the color perception and aesthetic experience. Based on the consumer's expression, it is difficult to design a new fabric by repeated proofing to meet the consumer's demands. To retrieve the existing patterns incorporating human intuition and emotion, this study proposed a novel pattern retrieval method of yarn‐dyed plaid fabric using modified interactive genetic algorithm. Each pattern was encoded based on the design elements and visual features were extracted to bridge the semantic gap between the designer and the consumer. Survival of the fittest and two special mutation operators, addition and deletion, were designed to increase the diversity of the generations. During the evolution, the generated patterns were replaced by the most similar patterns in the database based on visual features. Experimental results showed that the proposed scheme is feasible and effective to extract the consumer's preferences and retrieve satisfactory patterns, helping the factory obtain the process sheet to guide production and save labor and material resources.
Creating outbred and inbred populations in haplodiploids to measure adaptive responses in the laboratory
Authors: Godinho Diogo P. , Cruz Miguel A. , Charlery de la Masselière Maud , Teodoro‐Paulo Jéssica , Eira Cátia , Fragata Inês , Rodrigues Leonor R. , Zélé Flore , Magalhães Sara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLaboratory studies are often criticized for not being representative of processes occurring in natural populations. One reason for this is the fact that laboratory populations generally do not capture enough of the genetic variation of natural populations. This can be mitigated by mixing the genetic background of several field populations when creating laboratory populations. From these outbred populations, it is possible to generate inbred lines, thereby freezing and partitioning part of their variability, allowing each genotype to be characterized independently. Many studies addressing adaptation of organisms to their environment, such as those involving quantitative genetics or experimental evolution, rely on inbred or outbred populations, but the methodology underlying the generation of such biological resources is usually not explicitly documented. Here, we developed different procedures to circumvent common pitfalls of laboratory studies, and illustrate their application using two haplodiploid species, the spider mites Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus evansi. First, we present a method that increases the chance of capturing high amounts of variability when creating outbred populations, by performing controlled crosses between individuals from different field‐collected populations. Second, we depict the creation of inbred lines derived from such outbred populations, by performing several generations of sib‐mating. Third, we outline an experimental evolution protocol that allows the maintenance of a constant population size at the beginning of each generation, thereby preventing bottlenecks and diminishing extinction risks. Finally, we discuss the advantages of these procedures and emphasize that sharing such biological resources and combining them with available genetic tools will allow consistent and comparable studies that greatly contribute to our understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes.
Study of the independent gametophytes found on Jeju Island in South Korea and the first record of the obligate independent gametophyte of Antrophyum obovatum Baker
Authors: Park Sang Hee , Kim Jung Sung , Kim Hyoung Tae 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFern gametophytes have often been neglected in research; however, studies on gametophytes are crucial for a better understanding of the evolution of ferns. During their life cycle, some gametophytes produce large and long‐lived populations without producing sporophytes and reproduce independently through asexual means, such as through the formation of gemmae.In this study, we investigated independent gametophytes on the Jeju Island of Korea, which was located on the land bridge between East China and Japan during the glacial periods. Fourteen gametophyte populations were collected from seven sites, of which 13 populations were clearly identified as belonging to four fern species known to occur in Jeju Island with BLAST searches using rbcL and trnL‐F sequences.Surprisingly, the last remaining population constituted undescribed taxa in Korea. We presented the first report of the independent gametophytes of Antrophyum obovatum Baker which has not been previously recorded in Korea. It has been supposed that many ferns sought suitable habitat throughout the land bridge between China and Japan. However, Jeju Island might be unsuitable for vittarioid ferns that prefer a tropical or subtropical environment. Consequently, only two species of vittariod ferns (A. obovatum and Haplopteris flexuosa (Fée) E.H. Crane) in the form of a gametophyte and sporophyte, respectively, exist on Jeju Island. Therefore, this gametophyte population must be protected and managed from a conservation perspective.In the case of the independent gametophyte of Hymenophyllum wrightii Bosch, haplotype analysis was conducted based on the rbcL sequences and the result supported that the North American populations were migrated from Japan through land bridge during the glacial periods and Jeju populations were recently established by long‐distance dispersal of the Japanese populations.
Growth and survival of the superorganism: Ant colony macronutrient intake and investment
Authors: Gutiérrez Yeisson , Phung Tung , Mumma Harald , Ambrose‐Winters Arden , Scherber Christoph , Smith Chris R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we used two common ant species (Lasius niger and Lasius neoniger) to assay how they translate variation in the diet (both in composition and frequency) into growth. We measured colony development for over 8 months and measured several phenotypic traits of the worker caste, and examined whether forager preference corresponded with diet quality. Optimal colony growth was a balance between survival and growth, and each of these was maximized with different nutrient regimes. Interestingly, forager preference was not totally aligned with the diet that maximized colony growth. Our results highlight that: (a) organism and superorganism size are controlled by the same nutrients, and this may reflect a common molecular basis for size across life's organizational levels, (b) there are nutrient trade‐offs that are associated with life‐history trade‐offs, likely leading to selection for a balanced diet, and (c) the connection between the preference of foragers for different nutrients and how nutrient combinations affect colony success and demographics are complex and only beginning to be understood.