bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tongue sonography: An introduction
Authors: Abbott Steven , Zelesco Marilyn , Gibson Daren 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSonography has long been recognised as the primary imaging modality in the evaluation of thyroid, parathyroid, nodal, and salivary gland pathologies. Since the late 1980‐2019's, the literature has described an evolving role for ultrasound in the assessment of the tongue and the floor of mouth. Ultrasound can be used for tumour staging, vascular malformations, and for the evaluation of tongue movement during phonation and in the sleep cycle. This article aims to introduce the sonographer to the basic technique, sonographic anatomy, and commonly encountered abnormalities of tongue ultrasound. It has been divided into three key sections: Anatomy, Function, and Physiology; ultrasound technique (Transcervical/Intra‐oral); common pathology.
Automatically identifying potential regressions in the layout of responsive web pages
Authors: Walsh Thomas A. , Kapfhammer Gregory M. , McMinn Phil 
Published: August 2020

SummaryProviding a good user experience on the ever‐increasing number and variety of devices being used to browse the web is a difficult, yet critical, task. With responsive web design, front‐end web developers design web pages so that they dynamically resize and rearrange content to best fit the dimensions of a device's screen. However, when making code modifications to a responsive page, developers can easily introduce regressions from the correct layout that have detrimental effects at unpredictable screen sizes. For instance, the source code change that a developer makes to improve the layout at one screen size may obscure a page's content at other sizes. Current approaches to testing are often insufficient because they rely on limited tools and error‐prone manual inspections of web pages. As such, many unintended regressions in web page layout often go undetected and ultimately manifest in production websites. To address the challenge of detecting regressions in responsive web pages, this paper presents an automated approach that extracts the responsive layout of two versions of a page and compares them, alerting developers to the differences in layout that they may wish to investigate further. We implemented the approach and empirically evaluated it on 15 real‐world responsive web pages. Leveraging code mutations that a tool automatically injected into the pages as a systematic simulation of developer changes, the experiments show that the approach was highly effective. When compared with manual and automated baseline testing techniques, it detected 12.5% and 18.75% more injected changes, respectively. Along with identifying the best parameters for the method that extracts the responsive layout, the experiments show that the approach surpasses the baselines across changes that vary in their impact, but works particularly well for subtle, hard‐to‐detect mutants, showing the benefits of automatically identifying regressions in web page layout.
Wetlands for environmental protection
Authors: Martinez‐Guerra Edith , Ghimire Umesh , Nandimandalam Hariteja , Norris Anna , Gude Veera Gnaneswar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article presents an update on the research and practical demonstration of wetland‐based treatment technologies for protecting water resources and environment covering papers published in 2019. Wetland applications in wastewater treatment, stormwater management, and removal of nutrients, metals, and emerging pollutants including pathogens are highlighted. A summary of studies focusing on the effects of vegetation, wetland design and operation strategies, and process configurations and modeling, for efficient treatment of various municipal and industrial wastewaters, is included. In addition, hybrid and innovative processes with wetlands as a platform treatment technology are presented.
Auctions with external incentives: experimental evidence
Authors: Fonseca Miguel A. , Giovannoni Francesco , Makris Miltiadis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider auctions where bidders’ valuations are positively correlated with their productivity in a second-stage aftermarket. We test in the lab whether bidders recognize the opportunity to signal their productivity through their bidding and, conditional on them doing so, whether disclosing different information about the auction outcomes affects their signaling behavior. Our results confirm that bidders recognize the signaling opportunities they face and also react to differences in the way their bidding behavior is disclosed, although not always in a way that is consistent with theoretical predictions.
Standardisierte Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Psoriasisarthritis
Authors: Kiltz U. , Andreica I. , Igelmann M. , Kalthoff L. , Krause D. , Schmitz E. , McKenna S. P. , Braun J. 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Die standardisierte Beurteilung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität gewinnt in der Rheumatologie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Der englische Fragebogen „Psoriasis Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PsAQoL)“ ist ein krankheitsspezifisches Instrument zur Messung der Lebensqualität von Patienten mit Psoriasisarthritis (PsA). Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Übersetzung des PsAQoL ins Deutsche und die Validierung der deutschen Version in einer aus der Routineversorgung rekrutierten Kohorte von PsA-Patienten.

Methode
Die Übersetzung und Validierung des Fragebogens PsAQoL wurde in einem mehrstufigen Verfahren unter Beteiligung von betroffenen Patienten mit PsA durchgeführt. Nach Übersetzung des englischsprachigen Fragebogens wurde die deutsche Version in einem Feldtest überprüft. Die psychometrischen Merkmale des Fragebogens wurden anschließend in einer PsA-Kohorte aus der Routineversorgung untersucht. Neben der Konstrukt- und Gruppenvalidität wurden die Zuverlässigkeit des Fragebogens mittels Test/Retest-Reliabilität sowie die interne Konsistenz getestet. Die körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit wurde mit dem Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) und Domänen der Lebensqualität mit dem Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) gemessen.

Ergebnis
In einem Feldtest mit 10 Patienten erwies sich die deutsche Version des PsAQoL-Fragebogens als relevant, gut verständlich und durchführbar (Bearbeitungszeit: 4,7 ± 2,1 min). Insgesamt 126 Patienten (37,3 % männlich, Alter 55,6 ± 11,3 Jahre) wurden in die Validierungskohorte eingeschlossen. Der PsAQoL korrelierte moderat mit dem HAQ (r = 0,65) sowie moderat bis gut mit dem NHP (Subdomänen r = 0,58–0,75). Die interne Konsistenz war hoch (Cronbach’s α 0,92), und die Zuverlässigkeit bei Patienten mit stabilem Krankheitsverlauf war sehr gut (Spearman-Korrelationskoeffizient 0,94). Der PsAQoL kann zwischen unterschiedlichen Patientengruppen differenzieren.

Zusammenfassung
Mit der deutschen Übersetzung des PsAQoLs steht ein valides und krankheitsspezifisches Messinstrument zur standardisierten Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit PsA zur Verfügung. Die psychometrischen Eigenschaften der englischsprachigen Originalversion sind vergleichbar. Der deutsche PsAQoL kann damit für die klinische und wissenschaftliche Verwendung empfohlen werden.
Improved metabolic function and cognitive performance in middle-aged adults following a single dose of wild blueberry
Authors: Whyte Adrian R. , Rahman Sajida , Bell Lynne , Edirisinghe Indika , Krikorian Robert , Williams Claire M. , Burton-Freeman Britt 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Research has demonstrated cognitive benefits following acute polyphenol-rich berry consumption in children and young adults. Berry intake also has been associated with metabolic benefits. No study has yet examined cognitive performance in middle-aged adults. We investigated the relationships among cognitive and metabolic outcomes in middle-aged adults following wild blueberry (WBB) consumption.

Methods
Thirty-five individuals aged 40–65 years participated in a randomized, double blind, cross-over study. Participants consumed a breakfast meal and 1-cup equivalent WBB drink or matched placebo beverage on two occasions. Participants completed cognitive tasks and had blood drawn before and at regular intervals for 8 h after each meal/treatment. Changes in episodic memory and executive function (EF) were assessed alongside plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and triglyceride.

Results
Analysis of the memory-related Auditory Verbal Learning Task (AVLT) word recognition measure revealed a decrease in performance over the test day after placebo intake, whereas performance after WBB was maintained. For the AVLT word rejection measure, participants identified more foils following WBB in comparison to placebo. Benefits were also observed for EF on the Go/No-Go task with fewer errors following WBB intake on cognitively demanding invalid No-Go trials in comparison to placebo. Furthermore, in comparison to placebo, response times were faster for the Go/No-Go task, specifically at 4 h and 8 h following WBB treatment. We also observed reduced post-meal glucose and insulin, but not triglyceride, concentrations in comparison to placebo over the first 2 h following ingestion. Though the addition of Age, BMI, glucose and insulin as covariates to the analysis reduced the significant effect of beverage for AVLT word rejection, metabolic outcomes did not interact with treatment to predict cognitive performance with the exception of one isolated trend.

Conclusions
This study indicated acute cognitive benefits of WBB intake in cognitively healthy middle-aged individuals, particularly in the context of demanding tasks and cognitive fatigue. WBB improved glucose and insulin responses to a meal. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanism by which WBB improves cognitive function.
Aerobic endurance training to improve cognition and enhance recovery in schizophrenia: design and methodology of a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Maurus Isabel , Hasan Alkomiet , Schmitt Andrea , Roeh Astrid , Keeser Daniel , Malchow Berend , Schneider-Axmann Thomas , Hellmich Martin , Schmied Sabine , Lembeck Moritz , Keller-Varady Katriona , Papazova Irina , Hirjak Dusan , Topor Cristina E. , Walter Henrik , Mohnke Sebastian , Vogel Bob O. , Wölwer Wolfgang , Schneider Frank , Henkel Karsten , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Falkai Peter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEven today, patients with schizophrenia often have an unfavorable outcome. Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits are common features in many patients and prevent recovery. In recent years, aerobic endurance training has emerged as a therapeutic approach with positive effects on several domains of patients’ health. However, appropriately sized, multicenter randomized controlled trials that would allow better generalization of results are lacking. The exercise study presented here is a multicenter, rater-blind, two-armed, parallel-group randomized clinical trial in patients with clinically stable schizophrenia being conducted at five German tertiary hospitals. The intervention group performs aerobic endurance training on bicycle ergometers three times per week for 40–50 min/session (depending on the intervention week) for a total of 26 weeks, and the control group performs balance and tone training for the same amount of time. Participants are subsequently followed up for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint is all-cause discontinuation; secondary endpoints include psychopathology, cognition, daily functioning, cardiovascular risk factors, and explorative biological measures regarding the underlying mechanisms of exercise. A total of 180 patients will be randomized. With currently 162 randomized participants, our study is the largest trial to date to investigate endurance training in patients with schizophrenia. We hypothesize that aerobic endurance training has beneficial effects on patients’ mental and physical health, leading to lower treatment discontinuation rates and improving disease outcomes. The study results will provide a basis for recommending exercise interventions as an add-on therapy in patients with schizophrenia.The study is registered in the International Clinical Trials Database (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier [NCT number]: NCT03466112) and in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00009804).
Clinical impact of sarcopenia assessment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing treatments
Authors: Marasco Giovanni , Serenari Matteo , Renzulli Matteo , Alemanni Luigina Vanessa , Rossini Benedetta , Pettinari Irene , Dajti Elton , Ravaioli Federico , Golfieri Rita , Cescon Matteo , Festi Davide , Colecchia Antonio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChanges in body composition are associated with poor outcomes in cancer patients including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality and function, has been associated with a higher rate of complications and recurrences in patients with cirrhosis and HCC. The assessment of patient general status before HCC treatment, including the presence of sarcopenia, is a key-point for achieving therapy tolerability and to avoid short- and long-term complications leading to poor patients’ survival. Thus, we aimed to review the current literature evaluating the role of sarcopenia assessment related to HCC treatments and to critically provide the clinicians with the most recent and valuable evidence. As a result, sarcopenia can be predictive of poor outcomes in patients undergoing liver resection, transplantation and systemic therapies, offering the chance to clinicians to improve the muscular status of these patients, especially those with high-grade sarcopenia at high risk of mortality. Further studies are needed to clarify the predictive value of sarcopenia in other HCC treatment settings and to evaluate its role as an additional staging tool for identifying the most appropriate treatment. Besides, interventional studies aiming at increasing the skeletal muscle mass for reducing complications and increasing the survival in patients with HCC are needed.
Geometry of the Stable Ruled Surface Over an Elliptic Curve
Authors: Diaw Arame 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider the stable ruled surface $$S_1$$

S
1

over an elliptic curve. There is a unique foliation on $$S_1$$

S
1

transverse to the fibration. The minimal self-intersection sections also define a 2-web. We prove that the 4-web defined by the fibration, the foliation and the 2-web is locally parallelizable.
Toward targeted prevention: risk factors for prediabetes defined by impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and increased HbA1c in the population-based KORA study from Germany
Authors: Greiner Gregory G. , Emmert-Fees Karl M. F. , Becker Jana , Rathmann Wolfgang , Thorand Barbara , Peters Annette , Quante Anne S. , Schwettmann Lars , Laxy Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aims
To identify socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical factors that are associated with prediabetes according to different prediabetes definition criteria.

Methods
Analyses use pooled data of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) studies (n = 5312 observations aged ≥ 38 years without diabetes). Prediabetes was defined through either impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or elevated HbA1c according to thresholds of the American Diabetes Association. Explanatory variables were regressed on prediabetes using generalized estimating equations.

Results
Mean age was 58.4 years; 50% had prediabetes (33% had IFG, 16% IGT, and 26% elevated HbA1c, 10% fulfilled all three criteria). Age, obesity, hypertension, low education, unemployment, statutory health insurance, urban residence and physical inactivity were associated with prediabetes. Male sex was a stronger risk factor for IFG (OR = 2.5; 95%–CI: 2.2–2.9) than for IGT or elevated HbA1c, and being unemployed was a stronger risk factor for IGT (OR = 3.2 95%–CI: 2.6–4.0) than for IFG or elevated HbA1c.

Conclusions
The overlap of people with IFG, IGT and elevated HbA1c is small, and some factors are associated with only one criterion. Knowledge on sociodemographic and socioeconomic risk factors can be used to effectively target interventions to people at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
Eyes on the enterprise: problematising the concept of a teaching-research nexus in UK higher education
Authors: McKinley Jim , McIntosh Shona , Milligan Lizzi , Mikołajewska Agata 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExisting research into the relationship between teaching and research in higher education is mainly normative and atheoretical, resulting in assumptions of a close and beneficial connection between them. We problematise the idea of anexusby undertaking a critical examination of the concept through the lens of educational ideologies to theorise the changes over time that shape the ways teaching and research are practised. Two hundred seven academic staff in the Humanities and Social Sciences were surveyed in 10 universities in England and Wales; the universities were identified as having strength in teaching, research, or in both. Along with analysis of interviews with senior managers at these universities, findings suggest that systemic forces which separate teaching and research are evident in institutional contexts with implications for the idea of anexus. While the nexus may exist in theory, in practice, we argue that teaching and research can be pulled in different directions by institutional priorities. Furthermore, in institutions which adopt an enterprise ideology, there are signs of a nascent nexus emerging between research and innovation.
Comparable effects on tear film parameters after femtosecond laser-assisted and conventional cataract surgery
Authors: Schargus Marc , Ivanova Svetlana , Stute Gesa , Dick H. Burkhard , Joachim Stephanie C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Dry eye symptoms after conventional cataract surgery are a very common problem. Until now, only few data are available on objective tear film parameters in regard to femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (LCS). Aim of this study was therefore to analyze and compare tear film parameter changes between LCS and conventional cataract surgery.

Methods
A consecutive group of 34 patients, scheduled for cataract surgery, were randomly selected for either LCS or conventional cataract surgery (17 patients/group). Tear film assessments including tear film osmolarity, Schirmer test, MMP-9 analysis via quantitative ELISA, corneal sensitivity, corneal fluorescein staining, and conjunctival fluorescein staining were sequentially evaluated pre- as well as 1 and 3 months postoperatively.

Results
Both groups showed no significant difference in baseline characteristics. All surgeries were performed without any complications. After 1 and 3 months, there was no statistically significant difference in regard to tear film osmolarity (1 month: p = 0.81, 3 months: p = 1.0), Schirmer test (1 month: p = 0.35, 3 month: p = 0.08), and MMP-9 concentration (1 month: p = 0.36, 3 month: p = 0.28) between the two groups.

Conclusions
Neither LCS nor conventional cataract surgery affected objective tear film parameters significantly during our 3-month postoperative observation period. Hence, both surgical techniques can be equally used to treat patients without prior dry eye symptoms.
The influence of shared R&D-project innovativeness perceptions on university-industry collaboration performance
Authors: Schultz Carsten , Gretsch Oliver , Kock Alexander 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUniversity-industry collaboration (UIC) partners’ different organizational backgrounds entail socialization with distinct thought worlds, management approaches, and therefore diverging goals, which may lead to differences in their perceptions of the R&D challenge. These differences can hamper relationship quality and may cause coordination challenges. Using dyadic survey data of 164 UIC project managers of 82 projects, we analyze the consequences of partners’ shared R&D-project innovativeness perceptions for project performance. We consider the planning intensity and the collaboration in the planning process as antecedents to partners’ shared perceptions. We find that partners’ shared R&D-project innovativeness perceptions increase project performance. We also show that collaborative planning enhances shared perception. Moreover, we find support that planning intensity (i.e., formal control) and collaborative planning (i.e., social control) complement each other. Hence, if both partners are involved in a collaborative and intensive planning process, they will more likely exhibit a shared R&D project innovativeness perception and, therefore, increase UIC project performance. This will help to manage their R&D activities to create a sense of ownership and to prevent inefficient project deviations.
Effect of pelagic longline bait type on species selectivity: a global synthesis of evidence
Authors: Gilman Eric , Chaloupka Milani , Bach Pascal , Fennell Hannah , Hall Martin , Musyl Michael , Piovano Susanna , Poisson Francois , Song Liming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFisheries can profoundly affect bycatch species with ‘slow’ life history traits. Managing bait type offers one tool to control species selectivity. Different species and sizes of marine predators have different prey, and hence bait, preferences. This preference is a function of a bait’s chemical, visual, acoustic and textural characteristics and size, and for seabirds the effect on hook sink rate is also important. We conducted a global meta-analysis of existing estimates of the relative risk of capture on different pelagic longline baits. We applied a Bayesian random effects meta-analytic regression modelling approach to estimate overall expected bait-specific catch rates. For blue shark and marine turtles, there were 34% (95% HDI: 4–59%) and 60% (95% HDI: 44–76%) significantly lower relative risks of capture on forage fish bait than squid bait, respectively. Overall estimates of bait-specific relative risk were not significantly different for seven other assessed taxa. The lack of a significant overall estimate of relative capture risk for pelagic shark species combined but significant effect for blue sharks suggests there is species-specific variability in bait-specific catch risk within this group. A qualitative literature review suggests that tunas and istiophorid billfishes may have higher catch rates on squid than fish bait, which conflicts with reducing marine turtle and blue shark catch rates. The findings from this synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence support identifying economically viable bycatch management measures with acceptable tradeoffs when multispecies conflicts are unavoidable, and highlight research priorities for global pelagic longline fisheries.