bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence committed and victimization in courtship in adolescents: Does gender matter?
Authors: Villegas Vázquez E A , Leyva Chipol J C , Cervantes Gómez K C , Valencia Almeida S I , Márquez Celedonio F G , Villegas Domínguez J E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Within the current context in our Mexico, major states of violence for women have been manifested on a daily basis without having any more reason than being female. Veracruz is the first place in feminicides in Mexico with a rate of 3.44 per 100 thousand women. Research question: What is the intensity of the violence committed and victimization in the courtship of young students of the Upper Middle level in the Veracruz - Boca del Río area, according to their gender?

Material and Methods
A cross-sectional, prospective, observational and analytical study was carried out from December to February 2020. Middle-high school students from the Veracruz-Boca del Río region were included, who had a dating relationship and were excluded those who did not accept to participate. The variable “violence committed and victimization in courtship” was quantified with the CADRI instrument. The spss v22 software was used, Sudent's T was calculated for independent samples, with statistical significance p &lt; 0.05.

Results
741 students were included. There was a prevalence of violence committed of 86.2% and victimization of 89.2%. Of the total number of students who suffered and committed violence, women occupy 66.3% and 66.7% respectively. There is a difference in the intensity of violence between women and men in verbal-emotional violence (4.5 ± 4.2 vs. 3.4 ± 3.4), physical violence (0.6 ± 1.3 vs. 0.36 ± 3.6) and violence in general (5.7 ± 5.7 vs 4.3 ± 4.8) (p &lt; 0.05), while victimization scores do not make a difference between both genders (p &gt; 0.05). The history of psychological and sexual violence in previous relationships, as well as sexual violence in daily life are more frequent in the female sex (p &lt; 0.05)

Conclusions
The violence generated is more intense in women, however, they also have a history of having suffered violence more frequently in previous relationships and in their daily lives.

Key messages
Women suffer more aggressions at different stages of their lives, which may increase the risk to tolerate aggressions or be more aggressive or suffer mental health problems. We must study if the violence generated by women is a response to a previous aggression from their boyfriend.
Association between accessibility to elementary school and depression in older Adults: JAGES Study
Authors: Nishida M , Hanazato M , Kondo K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The connection in a local community has diluted in an aging society, and the importance of intergenerational exchange has increased for older adults' health. Some positive effects of intergenerational exchange have reported. For example, a reciprocal intergenerational exchange contributes to better mental health in later life. However, there is little evidence of the relationship between neighborhood environments causing intergenerational exchange and the health status of older adults. This study investigated the association between geographical accessibility to elementary school, enhancing intergenerational exchange, and depression in older adults.

Methods
The data were retrieved from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) 2016, a population-based study of independently living people ≥65 years old. The dependent variable is depression evaluated by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS≥5). The geographical accessibility to elementary School is the distance between the representative points of their residences and the nearest elementary school. Logistic regression analysis calculates the odds ratio to determine the association between depression and accessibility to elementary school and compare models to examine the effect of intermediate factors.

Results
Overall, 20.4% of the participants had depression. Compared with the longest distance from elementary school (≥950m), the odds ratio was 0.91 (95% CI = 0.86, 0.96) for the nearest category (&lt;330m), 0.91 (95% CI = 0.87, 0.96) for the second-nearest (330-490m) and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.89, 0.99) for the third (490-670m) in model 1. After adjusting for intermediate factors, the odds ratio was 0.94 for the first and second-nearest groups.

Conclusions
Geographical accessibility to elementary school was associated with decreased depression for older adults. The result indicates that older adults' daily meetings with children around elementary schools can result in a positive effect on their mental health.

Key messages
Geographical accessibility to elementary school was associated with decreased depression for older adults. The neighborhood design enhancing intergenerational exchange might be useful for age-friendly cities.
Detection of cognitive decline in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kostadinova P S , Atanasova G N , Kostadinov S D , Kostadinov S S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for many vascular conditions, may be a prodromal manifestation of vascular cognitive impairment. Diagnosing early stages of cerebrovascular pathology can lead to prevention and delay of the progression of pathological conditions such as vascular cognitive impairment.

Methods
The objective of the study was to investigate new biomarkers for early diagnosis of MetS and cognitive decline as a follow-up. A cardiological, neuropsychological and neurological study was conducted among 75 Bulgarian participants. Beta amyloid in the blood, procalcitonin (PCT), NT-proBNP as predictors of cognitive impairment in patients with metabolic syndrome were identified. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, neuropsychological, cognitive and statistical data processing. Plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) levels, procalcitonin, NT-proBNP in MetS were investigated in participants with MetS and in group of healthy people.

Results
In the present study, plasma levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40 were found to be reduced in MetS participants. Procalcitonin concentration was significantly higher in males than in females. NT-proBNP was significantly higher in females than in males (p &lt; 0.001). Regression analysis showed a positive relationship between NT-proBNP and systolic blood pressure (p &lt; 0.001) and fasting blood glucose (p &lt; 0.05). An inverse relation between NT-proBNP and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL cholesterol was found.

Conclusions
There was a positive association between PCT levels, decreased levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40, as well as elevated NT-proBNP and cognitive impairment in people with MetC. A concentration of NT-proBNP of 60 pg / ml or greater could be an indicator of metabolic abnormalities and early cognitive decline.

Key messages
Metabolic syndrome may be a prodromal manifestation of vascular cognitive impairment. The use of new biomarkers for diagnosis can lead to preventing and slowing the progression of complications associated with MetS.
Primary care professional validation of visual model of prescription – Illustrated prescription
Authors: Cubas-Rolim E , Yung F R , Marques L A , Souza B V , Gripp M R , Ribeiro L , Oliveira C L A , Gasperi C , Fagundes M C , Mendonça D L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
Chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes have great global impact on morbidity, mortality and costs. Incorrect use of medicines is especially worrisome for vulnerable populations with low health literacy, and visual models of prescription can bring benefit. The objective of this study was to validate the visual model of prescription Illustrated Prescription to obtain an adapted prescription with greater clarity, correction and cost-efficiency especially for risk users in a vulnerable peripheral region of the capital of Brazil served free of charge by the Unified Health System.

Description of the Problem
We conducted a content validation by primary health care nurses, pharmacists and physicians (PHC) by Delphi technique, applied in two phases from November to December 2018, through a questionnaire that evaluated clarity, relevance and feasibility of performing Illustrated Prescription, with field for comments. We used a 4-point Likert scale, Cronbach Alpha for reliability and Content Validation Index (CVI) with agreement above 0.8 indicating validation. Project approved by the Ethics Committee - FEPECS.

Results
Round-1: 29 out of 32 items were validated, with Cronbach's alpha .9812. Round-2: Included 4 new items, guidelines for indicating whole tablet, adjustment of the font size and color column size of elastic alloys, all items being validated and Cronbach's alpha of 0.9876.

Lessons
Validation ensures clarity and correction of the Illustrated Prescription, being extremely important for dissemination of the visual model for prescribing. It allows future evaluation of increased drug adherence and risk reduction related to incorrect use of medications especially for illiterate or visually impaired users.

Key messages
Illustrated Prescription is a validated tool that opens up the possibility of greater safety and efficient use of chronic medications, especially for vulnerable users with chronic diseases. Validation ensures clarity and correction of the Illustrated Prescription, being extremely important for dissemination of the visual model for prescribing.
Association between Oral Contraceptives and cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and metanalysis
Authors: Giacchetta I , Chiavarini M , Naldini G , Fabiani R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The probability of developing invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is higher in women than in men up until the age of 49. Several studies investigated the association between hormonal factors and CMM. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence on the association between Oral Contraceptives (OC) and the risk of CMM.

Methods
This review and meta-analysis follow the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline and Web of Science until December 2019. Studies were eligible if reported a risk estimate for the association between OC and CMM. Heterogeneity testing was performed using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and Begg's test. Meta-analysis was performed using random effect model.

Results
The results of the pooled analysis of all 32 studies showed no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94-1.11; I2=39.32%, p = 0.013). The stratified analyses by study design found no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM neither in the 18 case-control studies (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.87-1.21; I2=56.91%, p = 0.002) nor in the 14 cohort studies (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.98-1.11; I2=0.00%, p = 0.557). No significant publication bias could be detected by Egger's test or Begg's test.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis of available literature suggests no significant association between OC and the risk of developing CMM. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the possible relationship of OC use and other hormonal factors potentially contributing to the increased risk of CMM in women during their reproductive years.

Key messages
Oral contraceptives (OC) do not significantly contribute to the risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM). Further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of other hormonal factors in the increased probability of developing CMM in women during their reproductive years.
Body mass index at diagnosis and prognostic significance on head and neck carcinoma survival
Authors: Pastorino R , Grossi A , Luca G , Boccia S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Previous findings suggest there might be an inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and overall (OS) and Head and Neck-specific survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of BMI in the largest available cohort of HNC patients.

Methods
We performed a pooled analysis of studies participating at the INHANCE consortium. Cases were adults with HNCs of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. We used cox's proportional hazards models to estimate the relationship between BMI and overall and HNC-specific mortality. Sensitivity analysis were performed according to tumour location, smoking status and length of follow-up.

Results
The study included 9484 patients from 10 centres worldwide for a median follow-up of 48 months (IQR: 18-69). Overall 3623 patients (38.2%) died from all-causes and 1493 (15.7%) from HNC. Compared to patients with a normal weight, overweight or obese was associated with a longer HNC-specific survival (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.95, HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.78, respectively), while underweight was associated to a shorter survival (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.36-2.21). Results were heterogeneous according to tumour site, with the strongest effect among oropharynx and oral cavity cancer sites. When we restricted the analysis among patients with a follow-up longer than 5 years, underweight (HR = 5.17, 95% CI: 3.02-8.86) was associated with shorter HNC-specific survival.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest low BMI values are at diagnosis increase mortality in HNC patients. The protective effect of high BMI might be partially explained by residual confounding and reverse causality, so that further research is needed to clarify the potential role in tertiary prevention of BMI.

Key messages
BMI at diagnosis is a prognostic factor of HNC. Low BMI values predict unfavourable outcomes.
Understanding the needs of carers in Vietnam and the development of online supportive resources
Authors: Jenkins C , Ho H t , Santin O 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Issue
Informal carers provide an important and often overlooked role in the care of people with a cancer diagnosis. Our study sought to better understand carers needs and develop an online resource to help address the needs identified. There are not currently any widespread or embedded support services for cancer carers in Vietnam.

Description of the Problem
We conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups with both carers (n = 20) and healthcare providers (n = 22) to understand the needs and challenges of caring for someone with a cancer diagnosis. We discussed what resources would alleviate challenges and used these discussions to inform a process of co-designing an online resource. This process was modelled off a peer-led online resource intervention developed in the United Kingdom. This process of co-design is transferable to other contexts, and when adapted could help meet the needs of cancer carers in other lower and middle income countries.

Results
Carers in Vietnam reported (i) economic challenges of care; (ii) not being able to access facilities and secure accommodation when caring for inpatients; (iii) lack of information about cancer and nutrition; (iv) lacking emotional support; and (v) requiring training to support both the treatment and recovery of people under their care. Suggestions for content of an online resource included the need for contextually appropriate Vietnamese content, specific information on diet and nutrition, support in making decisions around treatment, and signposting for other services.

Lessons
Successful co-design of resources requires input from multiple key stakeholders. This is necessary to successful adapt and modify interventions for new contexts. Our process revealed new information about the roles and needs of carers, and enabled us to incorporate solutions to these needs within our online resource. Given the lack of other supportive services for carers, the development of such resources should be considered a priority.

Key messages
Cancer carers in Vietnam experience specific challenges including provision of nutrition, supporting navigation of hospital administration, and taking a central role in treatment decision-making. Co-designed online resources have the potential to support carers in providing relevant and appropriate information and signposting to other important services.
Estimated direct costs of non-small-cell lung cancer by stage and care phase: a whole disease model
Authors: De Luca G , Buja A , Rivera M , De Polo A , Marchetti M , Scioni M , Pasello G , Bortolami A , Schiavon M , Conte P F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the first cause of cancer-related death among men and the second among women worldwide. It also poses an economic threat to the sustainability of healthcare services. This study estimates the direct costs of care for patients with NSCLC by stage at diagnosis and management phase of pathway recommended in local and international guidelines.

Methods
Based on the most up-to-date guidelines we developed a detailed “whole-disease” model that lists the probabilities of all potentially necessary diagnostic and therapeutic actions involved in the management of each stage of NSCLC. Then we assigned the cost sustained by the public authorities to each procedure, obtaining an estimate of the total and average per-patient costs of each stage of the disease and management phase in Veneto Region, Italy.

Results
The mean expected cost of a patient with NSCLC is 22,968 € in the first year: 20,222 € in stage I, 23,935 € in stage II, 23,027 € in stage III, 22,915 € in stage IV and 31,749 € for Pancoast's tumors. In the second year the mean per patient-costs patient ranged from 2,722 €, for a patient with stage I disease, to 13,396 € for a patient with stage IV, with an overall average cost of 8,307 €. In the early stages, the main cost was due to surgery, whereas in the more advanced stages radiotherapy, medical therapy, treatment for progressions and supportive care become variously more important.

Conclusions
Our study enabled a prediction of the direct costs and outcomes for patients diagnosed with NSCLC on a two-year timeline after the diagnosis. An estimation of the direct costs of NSCLC, and in general for cancer, appears fundamental to predict the burden of new oncological therapies and treatments on healthcare services, and, in our opinion, our model could represent a useful tool for policy-makers in the optimization of resources allocation.

Key messages
Whole disease model allows an economic evaluation of a clinical pathway. The model is able to estimate direct costs of NSCLC by disease stage and management phase within a time horizon of two years. High cost-surgery makes the early stages no less expensive than advanced stages during the first year. In the second year, an advanced stage case costs almost five times more than an early stage case.
Intersecting gender inequalities in non-communicable disease risk factors in Kerala: A primary study
Authors: Negi J , Sankar H , Nair A B , Nambiar D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Evidence globally and in India indicates intersecting gender inequalities in Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) risk factors. These are understudied in Kerala, which is at an advanced stage of an epidemiological transition. We estimated sex differences in self-reported prevalence and screening coverage of blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose (BG) grouped by the socio-economic status. A multistage cluster random sampling survey of 3398 women and 2982 men was conducted in 4 districts of Kerala from July to October 2019. Descriptive, Relative Concentration Index (RCI) for age, wealth and education and Population Attributed Fraction (PAF) for caste/tribal groups and religion were computed using Stata 12 and WHO's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) Plus. More women reported BP and BG screening than men (BP - W: 90.3%; 95%CI: (89.1, 91.4) vs M: 80.8%; 95%CI: (78.5, 82.9); BG- W: 86.2%; 95%CI: 84.9, 87.4 vs M: 78.3%; (95%CI: 75.9, 80.6)).BP prevalence was significantly higher among women than men (BP - W: 11.2%; 95%CI: (9.0, 13.9) vs M: 7.9%; 95%CI: (6.6, 9.6). BP screening was concentrated among less educated women (WRCI: -0.2: 95%CI: -0.2, -0.1), older (WRCI: 0.3: 95%CI: 0.2, 0.4; MRCI: 0.5: 95%CI: 0.4,0.7) and wealthier populations (WRCI: 0.1: 95%CI: 0.03, 0.2; MRCI: 0.3: 95%CI: 0.1, 0.4).High BP was concentrated among more educated women (WRCI: 0.9: 95%CI: 0.1, 1.6) and less educated men (MRCI: -1.6: 95%CI: -2.6, -0.6). High BG was concentrated among less educated women (WRCI: -1.6: 95%CI: -2.4, -0.8) and more educated men (MRCI: 0.9: 95%CI: -0.1, -1.6). Religion inequality in high BG among women was -19.1(95%CI:-28.0, -10.2).We found distinct patterns of sex related inequalities in NCD risk factors in Kerala. There is a need for greater screening among men but also sub populations of women who may be under-served by screening services. These patterns require further exploration to understand contexts and pathways to ensure program design leaves no one behind.

Key messages
Intersecting gender inequalities in prevalence and screening coverage of NCD risk factors in Kerala, India. NCD screening should reach all gender equitably despite of their social economic status.
Is providing informal care risky? A mental health perspective in a Belgian population-based sample
Authors: Gérain P , Zech E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Informal caregiving refers to providing unpaid assistance to a relative or friend who has a disease or a disability. The assumption that providing informal care leads to deleterious health outcomes is widespread and commonly accepted. However, several comments have been made about the need to question this belief.

Methods
To put this assumption to test, the Belgian National Health Survey from 2013 was used. In this nationwide sample, the association between informal care and mental health was investigated through the GHQ-12 and the SCL (depression, anxiety, and sleep subscales). Three complementary comparison were performed: (1) between informal caregivers and non-caregivers; (2) between informal caregivers at home, outside of home, and non-caregivers; (3) between informal caregivers providing care for more than 20 hours a week, those providing between 1 and 20 hours a week, and non-caregivers. Statistically significant differences were controlled afterwards for gender, age, and perceived quality of social support.

Results
Overall, the results show that, with a population-based point of view, informal caregivers are not particularly at risk. Few comparisons were statically different, and when they were, the effect sizes remained low.

Conclusions
Far from settling this debate, these results rather suggest that the key point might lie elsewhere, as informal caregivers represents a diverse population in itself. Therefore, the focus should probably not be on the sole investigation of the differences between informal caregivers and the general population, but rather on how and why some caregivers differ from other caregivers and how such difference can represent a risk for them.

Key messages
Informal caregiving is often seen as a risk factor for mental health, but our results point to non-significant and little differences. By questioning this assumption, we call for a better understanding of what could be at risk in informal care.