bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living la Vida T-LoCoH: site fidelity of Florida ranched and wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) transmission period
Authors: Dinh Emily T. N. , Cauvin Allison , Orange Jeremy P. , Shuman Rebecca M. , Wisely Samantha M. , Blackburn Jason K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a pathogen vectored by Culicoides midges that causes significant economic loss in the cervid farming industry and affects wild deer as well. Despite this, its ecology is poorly understood. Studying movement and space use by ruminant hosts during the transmission season may elucidate EHDV ecology by identifying behaviors that can increase exposure risk. Here we compared home ranges (HRs) and site fidelity metrics within HRs using the T-LoCoH R package and GPS data from collared deer.

Methods
Here, we tested whether white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) roaming within a high-fenced, private deer farm (ranched) and native deer from nearby state-managed properties (wild) exhibited differences in home range (HR) size and usage during the 2016 and 2017 EHDV seasons. We captured male and female individuals in both years and derived seasonal HRs for both sexes and both groups for each year. HRs were calculated using a time-scale distance approach in T-LoCoH. We then derived revisitation and duration of visit metrics and compared between years, sexes, and ranched and wild deer.

Results
We found that ranched deer of both sexes tended to have smaller activity spaces (95% HR) and revisited sites within their HR more often but stayed for shorter periods than wild deer. However, core area (25% HR) sizes did not significantly differ between these groups.

Conclusions
The contrast in our findings between wild and ranched deer suggest that home range usage, rather than size, in addition to differences in population density, likely drive differences in disease exposure during the transmission period.
Prevalence of posterior alveolar bony dehiscence and fenestration in adults with posterior crossbite: a CBCT study
Authors: Choi Jin Young , Chaudhry Kishore , Parks Edwin , Ahn Ji Hyun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Correcting posterior crossbite in adult patients using nonsurgical methods may involve buccolingual tooth movement. Knowing the extent of the pretreatment alveolar bony dehiscences and fenestrations in the posterior area will aid orthodontists in planning posterior crossbite patients accordingly to minimize posttreatment bony defects. Before the advent of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), observing buccal and lingual bony defects was not possible unless other treatment needs allowed for an open-flap procedure. With CBCT technology, we can now detect posterior defects with some accuracy. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of posterior alveolar bony dehiscence and fenestration in adults with posterior crossbite compared with noncrossbite adults.

Methods
The study group consisted of pretreatment CBCTs of 28 samples with at least one or more teeth in posterior crossbite or edgebite. The comparison group consisted of pretreatment CBCTs of 28 samples with no posterior crossbite or edgebite. All buccal and lingual sides of the upper and lower posterior segments were measured for the presence of dehiscence, fenestration, and combined total bony defects.

Results
The prevalence of total bony defects was higher in the study group (61.6%) than in the comparison group (52.1%) (p < 0.05). While there was no difference in prevalence between crossbite teeth in the study group and noncrossbite teeth in the comparison group, the noncrossbite teeth in the study group showed a higher prevalence of total bony defects, dehiscence, and fenestration than the noncrossbite teeth in the comparison group (p < 0.05). The prevalence of dehiscence was higher in the study group (41.2%) than in the comparison group (33.3%) (p < 0.05). Neither the prevalence of fenestration nor the mean bony defect size showed statistical significance between the two groups. First premolars showed a higher prevalence of dehiscence than other posterior teeth, and maxillary posterior teeth had a higher prevalence of fenestration than mandibular posterior teeth. Among the maxillary posterior teeth, second premolars had the least amount of fenestration.

Conclusions
Adult subjects with posterior crossbite had a higher prevalence of total bony defects and dehiscence, especially buccal dehiscence, in the posterior region than subjects with no posterior crossbite. This was due to the high prevalence observed in the noncrossbite teeth in posterior crossbite subjects.
Pitfalls of anesthetic management with the Impella® 5.0 device: a case series
Authors: Hotta Naoshi , Tsukinaga Akito , Yoshitani Kenji , Ohnishi Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Impella® is an antegrade left ventricular assist device with a pump catheter in the left ventricle. We report three cases in which we experienced some pitfalls with circulatory management during Impella placement due to new-onset aortic insufficiency (AI) associated with device placement or the limited maximum flow rate.

Case presentation
Three patients developed new-onset AI due to Impella placement. In a patient, the total assisted flow rate was relatively low because of his large body size. In the other patients, in whom the Impella device was used in combination with percutaneous cardiopulmonary support or venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMELLA), total flow was maintained at a sufficient level.

Conclusions
New-onset of AI after Impella placement and its limited flow rate are considered to be pitfalls in circulatory management. Management with ECMELLA is considered to be effective during the acute phase when patients have decreased cardiac function.
The neoadjuvant paradigm reinvigorated: a review of pre-surgical immunotherapy in HNSCC
Authors: Stafford Margaret , Kaczmar John 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
There remains up to a 50% recurrence rate in advanced p16- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with current standard of care treatment. In an attempt to improve survival, multiple trials administering induction or neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been conducted but none demonstrated improved overall survival. The established efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the recurrent and metastatic setting has produced widespread interest in their neoadjuvant use.

Purpose
To survey the landscape of active neoadjuvant immunotherapy trials in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and summarize and synthesize currently available outcomes from these trials.

Conclusions
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has proven safe and well tolerated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with encouraging efficacy results, including relatively high rates of pathologic response. Ongoing studies offer an opportunity to study immune responses in vivo. PD-L1 positivity, high tumor mutational burden and infiltration of NK cells, CD8, CD26 and Tim3 positive lymphocytes at time of surgery have been correlated with pathologic responses. We await updated reports of disease free survival and overall survival data and results of ongoing phase III studies utilizing neoadjuvant immunotherapy to determine if this treatment paradigm will have a place in the standard of care treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Effects of mobile phones electromagnetic radiation on patients with epilepsy: an EEG study
Authors: Azmy Radwa , Shamloul Reham , Elsawy Noha Abdalla Farag , Elkholy Saly , Maher Eman 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Recently, an exceptional increase was witnessed in cell phone users. The brain has greater exposure to the electromagnetic field (EMF) created during mobile phone use than the rest of the body, which may impair its function. In persons with epilepsy, the brain has more tendencies towards electrical instability.

Objectives
The current study aims at investigating the effect of mobile phone radiation (MPR) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of persons with epilepsy as well as healthy adults.

Subjects and methods
Thirty patients with idiopathic epilepsy and 30 matching controls underwent EEG recording including 15 min of sham exposure followed by 30 min of real exposure to MPR and a final post-exposure recording for extra 15 min. The number of abnormal EEG events was counted during sham and real exposure for each subject. Correlation analysis was done between the number of epileptic events detected during the real exposure to MPR and the patients’ clinical data

Results
In the control group, the EEG under real MPR exposure showed no abnormal discharges. In persons with epilepsy, all those with abnormal EEG during sham exposure MPR (33%) showed an increase in the number of events with real exposure to MPR. One patient showed a change in the pattern of discharge from interictal changes to an ictal rhythm. Another patient with normal EEG during sham record developed temporal epileptiform discharges during real exposure.

Conclusion
Mobile phone radiation shows recognizable effects on the brain rhythm of persons with epilepsy. These results should be confirmed by future studies to establish a recommendation addressing the use of such devices in epileptic patients.
Antinoise performance of time-reverse imaging conditions for microseismic location
Authors: Yuan Jianlong , Yu Jiashun , Fu Xiaobo , Han Chao 
Published: March 2020

A suitable imaging condition is critical for the success of seismic imaging or source location. To understand what imaging condition to select for handling noisy data, the antinoise performance of the maximum amplitude imaging condition (MAIC), the autocorrelation imaging condition (ACIC), and the geometric mean imaging condition (GMIC) were comparatively studied. Synthetic microseismic data based on the Marmousi2 model, with different levels of synthetic Gaussian noise and field noise separately added, were used for tests. For Gaussian noise data, five signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio levels were considered, ranging from an absolutely clean level of [Formula: see text] to an extremely noisy level of [Formula: see text], in an increment of five times of the lower level of S/N. It was found that the antinoise ability of MAIC outperforms ACIC, and ACIC outperforms GMIC. This conclusion was confirmed to be valid for field noise in the further experiments performed, using 16 groups of industrial noise recordings from different areas. The statistical analysis shows these performance differences are statistically consistently significant. In terms of spatial resolution, it is the other way around; that is, GMIC outperforms ACIC, and ACIC outperforms MAIC. These suggest that in choosing a suitable imaging condition for time-reverse imaging location, one needs to consider the balance between the resolution demand and data quality requirement. If the data quality is very high, GMIC may be used to achieve a high-resolution location result. Conversely, if the data quality is poor, MAIC is a good choice for obtaining a robust location result. In between, ACIC or grouped GMIC is a proper approach to work out a balanced result for resolution demand and the noisy level provision.
Significant Dose–Response between Exercise Adherence and Hemoglobin A1c Change
Authors: BENHAM JAMIE L. , BOOTH JANE E. , DUNBAR MARY J. , DOUCETTE STEVE , BOULÉ NORMAND G. , KENNY GLEN P. , PRUD’HOMME DENIS , SIGAL RONALD J. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise trial found that aerobic training and resistance training alone each reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared with nonexercising controls, and combined aerobic and resistance training caused greater HbA1c reduction than either training type alone. Our objective was to determine whether a dose–response relationship existed between frequency of exercise training and HbA1c change, and whether this varied by exercise modality or participant characteristics.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of data from 185 Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise trial participants with type 2 diabetes randomized to aerobic, resistance or combined training thrice weekly. Dose–response relationships between adherence (percent of prescribed training sessions completed) and HbA1c change were assessed with linear regression.

Results
Median overall adherence was 84.9% (interquartile range, 74.4%–93.6%). Higher exercise adherence was associated with greater HbA1c reduction; a 20% increase in adherence (e.g., an additional two sessions per month) was associated with a 0.15% (2 mmol·mol−1) decrease in HbA1c (β = −0.0076, R = −0.170, P = 0.021). Significant dose–response relationships were identified for aerobic (β = −0.0142, R = −0.313, P = 0.016) and combined training (β = −0.0109, R = −0.259, P = 0.041), but not resistance training (β = 0.0068, R = 0.153, P = 0.233). Dose–response relationships in all training groups combined were significant in subgroups younger than 55 yr (β = −0.0113, R = −0.286, P = 0.005), males (β = −0.0123, R = −0.234, P = 0.010), and baseline HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol·mol−1) (β = −0.013, R = −0.263, P = 0.011).

Conclusions
There was a dose–response relationship between adherence to prescribed exercise and HbA1c reduction suggesting that glycemic control is improved more in individuals with type 2 diabetes with a higher training volume. Dose–response relationships existed for aerobic and combined training but not resistance training. These findings support aerobic and combined exercise prescriptions outlined in clinical practice guidelines.
Salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bachtiar Endang Winiati , Putri Atikah Cyntia , Bachtiar Boy Muchlis 
Published: March 2020

Background: Salivary nitric oxide plays an important role as an antibacterial agent in the oral cavity. Here, we analyze salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) scores and the salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers which has not been done previously. Methods: A cross sectional study included 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. Their OHI-S results were categorized as “good,” “medium,” or “bad.” Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and their nitric oxide concentration was measured using the Griess method. Results: The salivary flow rate in smokers was lower, at 0.30 ml/minute, compared to non-smokers who had a salivary flow rate of 0.33 ml/minute. This was statistically insignificant. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of nitric oxide between smokers and non-smokers (p < 0.05). Smokers had higher concentrations than non-smokers (185.4 µM Vs 114.60 µM). In addition, there was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.305) between the concentration of salivary nitric oxide level and the OHI-S results. Conclusions: It was concluded that salivary nitric oxide concentration was higher in smokers, and the oral hygiene condition of smokers was poor.
Industrial Assessment of the Carbonate Rocks of the Pila Spi Formation at Haibat Sultan Mountain, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Sissakian Varoujan K. , Hamawandy Mohammed J. , Ibrahim Rahel K. 
Published: March 2020

The Pila Spi Formation is one of the prominent formations forming continuous ridges in Kurdistan Region. The thickness of the formation ranges from 15 to 110 m, consisting of well-bedded limestone, dolomite, dolomitic limestone, and very rare marl beds. The study area is located about 15 km east of Koya town, next to the abandoned tunnel through a deeply cut valley which has exposed 50 m of the formation. However, the uppermost part of the exposed section may belong to one of the Oligocene formations of Kirkuk Group. The study area was selected within the Pila Spi Formation because the rocks of the same formation and along the same ridge, about 45 km west of the study area showed encouraging results for cement industry. The average CaO is about 51%, whereas the average MgO is 1.8%. Therefore, eight samples were collected at constant thickness from the exposed section. The samples were subjected to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) test to indicate the main oxides in the sampled section. The acquired results from the XRF tests showed that the chemical composition of the exposed rocks within the Pila Spi Formation is suitable for cement industry, also for paper and paint but needs some treatment. Accordingly, another eight samples were collected from the same section to increase the density of sampling, totaling to 16 samples.
Effectiveness of Diet Refeeds and Diet Breaks as a Precontest Strategy
Authors: Escalante Guillermo , Campbell Bill I. , Norton Layne 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Physique competitors focus on optimizing body composition through maximizing muscle mass and loss of body fat. Competitors frequently experiment with various methodologies purported to improve body composition, but often, there is a lack of evidence on their efficacy. Emerging evidence suggests that intermittent energy restriction (IER) methodologies such as refeeds and diet breaks may offer various benefits to competitors by improving fat loss efficiency, lean body mass retention, and attenuating metabolic adaptation to weight loss. This review examines these methodologies and the evidence for their efficacy and proposes practical ways to implement IER that may benefit physique competitors.
Alpha Activity Reflects the Magnitude of an Individual Bias in Human Perception
Authors: Grabot Laetitia , Kayser Christoph 
Published: March 2020

Biases in sensory perception can arise from both experimental manipulations and personal trait-like features. These idiosyncratic biases and their neural underpinnings are often overlooked in studies on the physiology underlying perception. A potential candidate mechanism reflecting such idiosyncratic biases could be spontaneous alpha band activity, a prominent brain rhythm known to influence perceptual reports in general. Using a temporal order judgment task, we here tested the hypothesis that alpha power reflects the overcoming of an idiosyncratic bias. Importantly, to understand the interplay between idiosyncratic biases and contextual (temporary) biases induced by experimental manipulations, we quantified this relation before and after temporal recalibration. Using EEG recordings in human participants (male and female), we find that prestimulus frontal alpha power correlates with the tendency to respond relative to an own idiosyncratic bias, with stronger α leading to responses matching the bias. In contrast, alpha power does not predict response correctness. These results also hold after temporal recalibration and are specific to the alpha band, suggesting that alpha band activity reflects, directly or indirectly, processes that help to overcome an individual's momentary bias in perception. We propose that combined with established roles of parietal α in the encoding of sensory information frontal α reflects complementary mechanisms influencing perceptual decisions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain is a biased organ, frequently generating systematically distorted percepts of the world, leading each of us to evolve in our own subjective reality. However, such biases are often overlooked or considered noise when studying the neural mechanisms underlying perception. We show that spontaneous alpha band activity predicts the degree of biasedness of human choices in a time perception task, suggesting that alpha activity indexes processes needed to overcome an individual's idiosyncratic bias. This result provides a window onto the neural underpinnings of subjective perception, and offers the possibility to quantify or manipulate such priors in future studies.
High‐grade mesenchymal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma drives stromal deactivation through CSF‐1
Authors: Steins Anne , van Mackelenbergh Madelaine G , van der Zalm Amber P , Klaassen Remy , Serrels Bryan , Goris Sandrine G , Kocher Hemant M , Waasdorp Cynthia , de Jong Joan H , Tekin Cansu , Besselink Marc G , Busch Olivier R , van de Vijver Marc J , Verheij Joanne , Dijk Frederike , van Tienhoven Geertjan , Wilmink Johanna W , Medema Jan Paul , van Laarhoven Hanneke WM , Bijlsma Maarten F 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an abundance of stroma. Multiple molecular classification efforts have identified a mesenchymal tumor subtype that is consistently characterized by high‐grade growth and poor clinical outcome. The relation between PDAC stroma and tumor subtypes is still unclear. Here, we aimed to identify how PDAC cells instruct the main cellular component of stroma, the pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). We found in primary tissue that high‐grade PDAC had reduced collagen deposition compared to low‐grade PDAC. Xenografts and organotypic co‐cultures established from mesenchymal‐like PDAC cells featured reduced collagen and activated PSC content. Medium transfer experiments using a large set of PDAC cell lines revealed that mesenchymal‐like PDAC cells consistently downregulated ACTA2 and COL1A1 expression in PSCs and reduced proliferation. We identified colony‐stimulating factor 1 as the mesenchymal PDAC‐derived ligand that deactivates PSCs, and inhibition of its receptor CSF1R was able to counteract this effect. In conclusion, high‐grade PDAC features stroma that is low in collagen and activated PSC content, and targeting CSF1R offers direct options to maintain a tumor‐restricting microenvironment.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in China
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Mo Xi , Hu Yabin , Qi Xin , Jiang Fan , Jiang Zhongyi , Tong Shilu 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of pediatric patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China.

METHODS:
Nationwide case series of 2135 pediatric patients with COVID-19 reported to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 16, 2020, to February 8, 2020, were included. The epidemic curves were constructed by key dates of disease onset and case diagnosis. Onset-to-diagnosis curves were constructed by fitting a log-normal distribution to data on both onset and diagnosis dates.

RESULTS:
There were 728 (34.1%) laboratory-confirmed cases and 1407 (65.9%) suspected cases. The median age of all patients was 7 years (interquartile range: 2–13 years), and 1208 case patients (56.6%) were boys. More than 90% of all patients had asymptomatic, mild, or moderate cases. The median time from illness onset to diagnoses was 2 days (range: 0–42 days). There was a rapid increase of disease at the early stage of the epidemic, and then there was a gradual and steady decrease. The disease rapidly spread from Hubei province to surrounding provinces over time. More children were infected in Hubei province than any other province.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children of all ages appeared susceptible to COVID-19, and there was no significant sex difference. Although clinical manifestations of children’s COVID-19 cases were generally less severe than those of adult patients, young children, particularly infants, were vulnerable to infection. The distribution of children’s COVID-19 cases varied with time and space, and most of the cases were concentrated in Hubei province and surrounding areas. Furthermore, this study provides strong evidence of human-to-human transmission.