bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant Mortality among Adolescent Mothers in the United States: A 5-Year Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities
Authors: Moore Matthew D. , Brisendine Anne E. , Wingate Martha S. 
Published: July 2020

Objective This study was aimed to examine differences in infant mortality outcomes across maternal age subgroups less than 20 years in the United States with a specific focus on racial and ethnic disparities.
Study Design Using National Center for Health Statistics cohort-linked live birth–infant death files (2009-2013) in this cross-sectional study, we calculated descriptive statistics by age (<15, 15–17, and 18–19 years) and racial/ethnic subgroups (non-Hispanic white [NHW], non-Hispanic black [NHB], and Hispanic) for infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated by race/ethnicity and age. Preterm birth and other maternal characteristics were included as covariates.
Results Disparities were greatest for mothers <15 and NHB mothers. The risk of infant mortality among mothers <15 years compared to 18 to 19 years was higher regardless of race/ethnicity (NHW: aOR = 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.85; NHB: aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04–1.56; Hispanic: aOR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.07–1.74). Compared to NHW mothers, NHB mothers had a consistently higher risk of infant mortality (15–17 years: aOR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21; 18–19 years: aOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15–1.27), while Hispanic mothers had a consistently lower risk (15–17 years: aOR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.66–0.78; 18–19 years: aOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.70–0.78). Adjusting for preterm birth had a greater influence than maternal characteristics on observed group differences in mortality. For neonatal and postneonatal mortality, patterns of disparities based on age and race/ethnicity differed from those of overall infant mortality.
Conclusion Although infants born to younger mothers were at increased risk of mortality, variations by race/ethnicity and timing of death existed. When adjusted for preterm birth, differences in risk across age subgroups declined and, for some racial/ethnic groups, disappeared.
Key Points
Calcium and hydroxyapatite binding site of human vitronectin provides insights to abnormal deposit formation
Authors: Shin Kyungsoo , Kent James E. , Singh Chandan , Fujimoto Lynn M. , Yu Jinghua , Tian Ye , Im Wonpil , Marassi Francesca M. 
Published: July 2020

SignificanceThis study demonstrates that the extracellular protein human vitronectin (Vn) is able to bind both soluble calcium ions and mineralized hydroxyapatite with chemical specificity. The results have important implications for the normal functions of Vn and its role in the formation of plaques associated with age-related macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, and other degenerative disorders. The molecular basis for plaque formation in these pathologies is unknown. The present findings shed light on this important process, advance our understanding of the mechanisms of abnormal plaque formation, and introduce a target with potential for developing diagnostic, preventive, or therapeutic approaches.
Mixture of enzyme-processed Panax ginseng and Gastrodia elata extract prevents UVB-induced decrease of procollagen type 1 and increase of MMP-1 and IL-6 in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Ngo Hien TT , Hwang Eunson , Seo Seul A , Yang Jung-Eun , Nguyen Quynh TN , Do Nhung Quynh , Yi Tae Hoo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
According to the previously described anti-photoaging effect of the enzyme-processed Panax ginseng extract and Gastrodia elata extract, we hypothesized that the combination of the two extracts would have superior effect to protect human skin from UVB radiation. Besides, the mixture of active components isolated from herbal extracts, ginsenoside F2, and α-gastrodin was investigated on the photo-protective capability. The expression of aging-related markers including matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and procollagen type 1 was evaluated using ELISA kits. It was reported that the herbal extract at a Panax ginseng extract to Gastrodia elata extract ratio of 1:10 (w/w) and the compound mixture with equal proportion of ginsenoside F2 and α-gastrodin exhibited significant inhibition of MMP-1 and IL-6 production, and marked upregulation of procollagen type 1 formation. Thus, the combination of either the enzyme-processed herbal extracts or their active components would enhance the properties of prevention and treatment of UVB-induced skin damage.
Super-wetting enabled by an array of SU-8 micro-pillars etched with ion-beam
Authors: Song Yiang , Liu Qing , Wang Zhaolong , Chen Yiqin , Duan Huigao , Cheng Ping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The wettability transition of an ion-beam-etched micro-pillar array surface is reported in the present study. The micro-pillar array, made of negative photoresist SU-8, was fabricated by ultraviolet lithography. The results indicate that the combination of the micro-pillar array and ion-beam etching technique can easily regulate surface wettability, which can be changed from hydrophobicity to super-hydrophilicity. Moreover, the super-hydrophilic property of the textured surface can be significantly affected by the etching time and etching energy, because the ion-beam etching could alter the shape and height of the micro-structure as well as the chemical composition of the surface. When a 2 µl water droplet spreads on the etched micro-pillar array surface, the contact angle (CA) decreases to almost 0° within 144 ms, indicating ultrafast spreading of the water droplet on the textured surface. It was found that the CA of the fabricated surface remained the same after two weeks’ exposure in the air, showing undependable wettability stability of the textured surface. The results of the present study can open a gate for potential applications of proposed super-wetting surfaces for micro-fluidics and anti-counterfeiting technologies.
Radiation protection modelling for 2.5 Petawatt-laser production of ultrashort x-ray, proton and ion bunches: Monte Carlo model of the Munich CALA facility
Authors: Englbrecht Franz S , Döpp Andreas , Hartmann Jens , Lindner Florian H , Groß Martin L , Wirth Hans-F , Thirolf Peter G , Karsch Stefan , Schreiber Jörg , Parodi Katia , Dedes George 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The ‘Centre for Advanced Laser Applications’ (CALA) is a new research institute for laser-based acceleration of electron beams for brilliant x-ray generation, laser-driven sub-nanosecond bunches of protons and heavy ions for biomedical applications like imaging and tumour therapy as well as for nuclear and high-field physics.
The radiation sources emerging from experiments using the up to 2.5 petawatt laser pulses with 25 femtosecond duration will be mixed particle-species of high intensity, high energy and pulsed, thus posing new challenges compared to conventional radiation protection. Such worldwide pioneering laser experiments result in source characteristics that require careful a-priori radiation safety simulations.
The FLUKA Monte-Carlo code was used to model the five CALA experimental caves, including the corridors, halls and air spaces surrounding the caves. Beams of electrons (

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), protons (

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200

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), 12C (

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400

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) and 197Au (

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10

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) ions were simulated using spectra, divergences and bunch-charges based on expectations from recent scientific progress.
Simulated dose rates locally can exceed 1.5 kSv h−1 inside beam dumps. Vacuum pipes in the cave walls for laser transport and extraction channels for the generated x-rays result in small dose leakage to neighboring areas. Secondary neutrons contribute to most of the prompt dose rate outside caves into which the beam is delivered. This secondary radiation component causes non-negligible dose rates to occur behind walls to which large fluences of secondary particles are directed.
By employing adequate beam dumps matched to beam-divergence, magnets, passive shielding and laser pulse repetition limits, average dose rates in- and outside the experimental building stay below design specifications (

<
0.5

μ

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v

h

−
1

) for unclassified areas,

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2.5

μ

S
v

h

−
1

for supervised areas,

<
7.5

μ

S
v

h

−
1

maximum local dose rate) and regulatory limits (

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1

m
S
v

a

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1

for unclassified areas).
Thermal conductance of structured silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Bea E A , Carusela M F , Soba A , Monastra A G , Viotti A M Mancardo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We calculate the thermal conductance of a structured silicon nanocrystal with a hole of different sizes. The numerical study is based on non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations using two potential models for the interatomic interactions: (i) an empirical Tersoff–Brenner (Tersoff) potential; (ii) a semi-empirical tight binding (TB) potential. TB potential model predicts a similar thermal conductance for the nanocrystal with no hole and with a small size hole, which contrasts with the monotonic decrease predicted by Tersoff potential model. In addition, thermal conductance decreasing is higher for TB potential model when the surface-to-volume ratio increases. This points out that to study thermal properties of nanostructures with high surface-to-volume ratio is mandatory the use of potential models with high transferability to take adequately into account the relevant quantum physical effects due to boundaries and surfaces.
Effect of driving on coarsening dynamics in phase-separating systems
Authors: Tseluiko D , Alesemi M , Lin T-S , Thiele U 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider the Cahn–Hilliard (CH) equation with a Burgers-type convective term that is used as a model of coarsening dynamics in laterally driven phase-separating systems. In the absence of driving, it is known that solutions to the standard CH equation are characterized by an initial stage of phase separation into regions of one phase surrounded by the other phase (i.e. clusters or drops/holes or islands are obtained) followed by the coarsening process, where the average size of the structures grows in time and their number decreases. Moreover, two main coarsening modes have been identified in the literature, namely, coarsening due to volume transfer and due to translation. In the opposite limit of strong driving, the well-known Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation is recovered, which may produce complicated chaotic spatio-temporal oscillations. The primary aim of the present work is to perform a detailed and systematic investigation of the transitions in the solutions of the convective CH equation for a wide range of parameter values, and, in particular, to understand in detail how the coarsening dynamics is affected by an increase of the strength of the lateral driving force. Considering symmetric two-drop states, we find that one of the coarsening modes is stabilized at relatively weak driving, and the type of the remaining mode may change as driving increases. Furthermore, there exist intervals in the driving strength where coarsening is completely stabilized. In the intervals where the symmetric two-drop states are unstable they can evolve, for example, into one-drop states, two-drop states of broken symmetry or even time-periodic two-drop states that consist of two traveling drops that periodically exchange mass. We present detailed stability diagrams for symmetric two-drop states in various parameter planes and corroborate our findings by selected time simulations.
Why COVID-19 models should incorporate the network of social interactions
Authors: Herrmann Helena A , Schwartz Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is overwhelming many health-care systems. As a result, epidemiological models are being used to inform policy on how to effectively deal with this pandemic. The majority of existing models assume random diffusion but do not take into account differences in the amount of interactions between individuals, i.e. the underlying human interaction network, whose structure is known to be scale-free. Here, we demonstrate how this network of interactions can be used to predict the spread of the virus and to inform policy on the most successful mitigation and suppression strategies. Using stochastic simulations in a scale-free network, we show that the epidemic can propagate for a long time at a low level before the number of infected individuals suddenly increases markedly, and that this increase occurs shortly after the first hub is infected. We further demonstrate that mitigation strategies that target hubs are far more effective than strategies that randomly decrease the number of connections between individuals. Although applicable to infectious disease modelling in general, our results emphasize how network science can improve the predictive power of current COVID-19 epidemiological models.
Entropy based analysis of genetic information
Authors: Saha Paramita , Kumar Sarkar Bimal 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, we have described the analysis of digitized sequences of genetic information by means of the notions of entropy. The occurrence of a particular pattern in the genetic sequence is paid a special attention. The occurrence of genetic word is expressed in a density manner. The occurrence frequency of the q-gram genetic word of interest is determined with the help of finite impulse response (FIR) type filter along the sequence. It is in turn, used for the determination of horizontal correlations, i.e., correlations between the word along the sequence. We use the probability distribution of the genetic word occurrence as the input for the calculation of entropy in the sequence. The sequence entropy is further used for principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the similarity / dissimilarity between the biological sequences. The technique is verified by using 48 HEV genotypes.
Novel Analytical Model for Computing Subthreshold Current in Heterostructure p-MOSFET incorporating Band-To-Band Tunneling Effect
Authors: Deyasi Arpan , Mukhopadhyay Swarnav , Sarkar Angsuman 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Subthreshold current for heterostructure pMOSFET is analytically explored as a function of applied bias for Si-SixGe1-x material system in presence of band-to-band tunneling. Threshold voltage of the structure is calculated considering body effect for different structural parameters, and mole fraction of Ge is chosen as 0.28 for that operating point where 2DEG is yet to be formed, and thus suitable for estimating subthreshold conduction. Using this optimum structure, BTBT effect is incorporated to measure the drain current for a range of source-to-gate voltage (VSG), and results suits in excellent with available experimental data for very low and higher values of source-to-drain voltage (VSD). Result is also computed in absence of tunneling effect, and drastic variation is observed which speaks in favor of our proposed model of subthreshold conduction. A monotonic decrease of subthreshold slope is observed with increase of VSG, which speaks for the optimum biasing criteria for operation of the device in order to minimize the leakage current. Results are in favor of applying the model for sub-22 nm FinFET or even sub-10 nm TFET devices.
Energy spectra and quantized Hall conductance in a 2D lattice subjected to light irradiation
Authors: Sarkar Sukriti , Dey Moumita , Maiti Santanu K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We make an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon of integer quantum Hall effect, considering a two-dimensional (2D) square lattice in presence of light irradiation. Following the well known Landauer-Buttiker multi-probe formalism we compute transverse conductance in a four-probe setup where the irradiation effect is incorporated through a minimal coupling scheme based on the Floquet-Bloch approach. The energy spectrum gets significantly modified with the irradiation which thus directly affects the quantum Hall plateaus. Moreover, we also put an emphasis on how to get an effective one-dimensional Harper equation from the 2D Hall system. Several characteristic features emerge from our analysis that might be interesting and important as well.
Spectral features of one dimensional phononic quasicrystals
Authors: Saha Anupam , Dey Moumita , Maiti Santanu K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We make an in-depth analysis of phonon frequencies and phononic eigenstates for one-dimensional phononic lattices. The results are analyzed for two different types of lattices, depending on whether the spring constants are uniform or aperiodic. For the first case, we find usual band structures with extended states, while several non-trivial features are obtained for the latter one. We find the eigenfrequencies by solving the set of coupled equations involving the motions of different atoms in the chain. The frequency spectrum reveals a fractal like behaviour and the fractality gradually decreases with the increase of the strength of the aperiodic modulation. The nature of different phonon states is characterized by calculating inverse participation ratio. A finite transition from conducting to non-conducting phase is obtained upon the variation of the modulation strength. We hope the results studied here can easily be tested in a suitable setup.
Discovery of Four Miscellaneous Radio Galaxies From LoTSS DR1
Authors: Sasmal Tapan K. , Bera Soumen , Pal Sabyasachi , Mondal Soumen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using the 144 MHz Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) telescope, We undelook a search for Miscellaneous Radio Galaxies (MRGs) whose morphological structures are different from known structures. Reseaons of study of these type sources due to their unique and peculiar morphology. Here, we report four MRGs from LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey first data release (LoTSS DR1) at 144 MHz frequency. The MRS is identified manual visual search (MVS) from LoTSS DR1 data catalogue. We also check their radio morphology from other surveys like The NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) at 1400 MHz. The corresponding optical counterparts are also identified from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), where available. We have estimated different physical parameters like spectral index, radio luminosity, radio power of these MRGs.
Delineating fringe by rough-set theoretic approach: a case study on Barasat city, India
Authors: Mukherjee Kasturi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the process of rapid land use change, the city compels the urbanized area to sprawl and engulf the surrounding landscape. A region which was once rural gets converted into fringe and ultimately incorporated within the urban built-up. Uncontrolled structural change of a city by the inclusion of non-urban landscape within the urban areas is responsible for environmental degradation. Prevention of environmental dilapidation, demands the proper demarcation of fringe. The concept of “fringe” suffers from a problem of not having any universally accepted definition and methodology of demarcation. In this study, attempts have been made to delineate the fringe, happens to develop within the administrative boundary of a monocentric city of Barasat, India, based on i) the land use diversity and ii) social behavior of the populace. The land use diversity is computed by using the Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) which is used to define the global diversity threshold for fringe demarcation. Social behavior of the residents has been used for estimating the accuracy of this crisp classification of core and fringe. The result shows that because of the fuzziness in nature, the change over from core to fringe is characteristically zonal i.e. it extends for a distinct region where this transition is visible in the form of mixed land use and social behaviour. This gives birth to a boundary area instead of a precise boundary line that could be termed as “possible fringe.”
Coconut Leaf Midribs as an Acoustical Panel – Feasibility Study through Impedance Tube Method
Authors: Kusno A , Ishak M T , Rahim R , Hamzah B , Mulyadi R , Jamala N , Anggraeni R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This research aims to determine sound absorption coefficients of absorber materials making from coconut leaf midribs. Absorber material has been made with different arrangement and thickness. Nine samples have been made which consists of 3 configurations and each configuration consists of 3 thicknesses. Absorption coefficients were measured by using impedance tube method. The experiment results show that coconut leaf midrib is up to standard for absorber material according to ISO 11654 with α over 0.15. The absorption coefficient obtained by the whole sample is in the range 0.02 to 0.65. Fluctuating values are affected by differences forms and thicknesses. Absorber materials that have been made are also compatible with marketed products.
Post Occupancy Evaluation in the Senate Room, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa
Authors: Ishak R A , Martosenjoyo T , Beddu S , Latif S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In higher education institutions, an effective and efficient communication is an important competitive advantage. Most of the communication is carried out in various meeting room environments. In terms of creating the right space for meetings, flexibility, easy use, and supporting university productivity, meeting rooms must be specially designed according to the architectural standard of space requirements. The Senate Room in the Faculty of Engineering, of Hasanuddin University, is one of the many rooms that are designed especially for meeting activities within the faculty. It is located on the 2nd floor of the Center of Technology (CoT) Building, with a capacity of 64 seats, and an area of 180 m2. This room is arranged in a two-way theater or proscenium type, with lined tables and flat floors. This study aims to: 1) Identify the characteristics of the elements that shape and fill the room; 2) Analyze the effect of technical space planning on the functional aspects of users, and 3) Evaluate spatial design performance in terms of functional aspects. The research method used is the Post Occupancy Evaluation with qualitative data analysis. The population in this study is the users of the room as the subjects 0f space as the subject of research and the Senate Room of Engineering Faculty as the object of research. The results showed a discrepancy between the standards and needs of users both functional and technical aspects. The results of this study are expected to contribute practical insights to architectural design, specifically related to the creation of meeting room interiors.
Characteristic of Student Informal Gathering Space (SIGS) Faculty of Engineering Hasanuddin University at Gowa Campus
Authors: Radja A M , Wikantari R , Harisah A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study are: 1) What are the characteristics of Student Informal Gathering Room (SIGS) in the Faculty of Engineering, and 2) What attributes are felt by students in the Student Informal Gathering Room (SIGS). To get the results of the research purposed applied qualitative research methods with purposive sampling techniques. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to students, in-depth interviews and mapping behavior with place-centered maps. The results of the study is the closeness of the gathering place with the main activities of students in the teaching and learning process which is a characteristic of SIGS found on the campus of engineering faculty at Gowa campus. While the environmental attributes felt by engineering students at SIGS are accessibility, comfort, sociality, visibility, and activities.