bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Subsequent Risk for Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ford Julia A. , Liu Xinyi , Chu Su H. , Lu Bing , Cho Michael H. , Silverman Edwin K. , Costenbader Karen H. , Camargo Carlos A. , Sparks Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveInflamed airways are hypothesized to contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis due to RA‐related autoantibody production, and smoking is the strongest environmental RA risk factor. However, the role of chronic airway diseases in RA development is unclear. We undertook this study to investigate whether asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were each associated with RA.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of 205,153 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1988–2014) and NHSII (1991–2015). Exposures were self‐reported physician‐diagnosed asthma or COPD confirmed by validated supplemental questionnaires. The primary outcome was incident RA confirmed by medical record review by 2 rheumatologists. Covariates (including smoking pack‐years/status) were assessed via biennial questionnaires. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for RA were estimated using Cox regression.ResultsWe identified 15,148 women with confirmed asthma, 3,573 women with confirmed COPD, and 1,060 incident RA cases during 4,384,471 person‐years (median 24.0 years/participant) of follow‐up in the NHS and NHSII. Asthma was associated with increased RA risk (HR 1.53 [95% CI 1.24–1.88]) compared to no asthma/COPD after adjustment for covariates, including smoking pack‐years/status. Asthma remained associated with increased RA risk when analyzing only never‐smokers (HR 1.53 [95% CI 1.14–2.05]). COPD was also associated with increased RA risk (HR 1.89 [95% CI 1.31–2.75]). The association of COPD with RA was most pronounced in the subgroup of ever‐smokers age >55 years (HR 2.20 [95% CI 1.38–3.51]).ConclusionAsthma and COPD were each associated with increased risk of incident RA, independent of smoking status/intensity and other potential confounders. These results provide support for the hypothesis that chronic airway inflammation may be crucial in RA pathogenesis.
Rational Synthesis of 5,5,5‐Tricyclic Fused Thia‐heptaphyrin (1.1.1.1.1.1.0) From a Helical Oligopyrrin Hybrid
Authors: Fu Yating , Liu Xiujun , Li Chengjie , Tong Zhangfa , Baryshnikov Glib , Ågren Hans , Li Qizhao , Xie Yongshu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOxidation of a thiophene‐hexapyrrane hybrid S‐P6 afforded a stable conjugated open‐chain thiaheptapyrrolic helix 1 with the terminal thiophene and confused pyrrole units lying at a long distance that is adverse for further cyclization. Chelation of 1 with copper(II) ion afforded 1‐Cu, which exhibits more distant terminal units. Interestingly, further oxidation of 1 triggered an intramolecular C−N fusion reaction to afford a unique 5,5,5‐tricyclic fused linear thiaheptapyrrin 2, with the two terminals positioned in proximity, which favors the oxidative ring‐closure reaction to give a unique 5,5,5‐tricyclic fused thiaheptaphyrin (1.1.1.1.1.1.0) 3 under air. The inner‐fusion strategy for positioning the reactive sites in proximity to promote oxidative cyclization offers a new approach for constructing large porphyrinoids through conjugated oligopyrrins without the assistance of metal ions.
On the relation between the cause‐specific hazard and the subdistribution rate for competing risks data: The Fine–Gray model revisited
Authors: Putter Hein , Schumacher Martin , van Houwelingen Hans C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Fine–Gray proportional subdistribution hazards model has been puzzling many people since its introduction. The main reason for the uneasy feeling is that the approach considers individuals still at risk for an event of cause 1 after they fell victim to the competing risk of cause 2. The subdistribution hazard and the extended risk sets, where subjects who failed of the competing risk remain in the risk set, are generally perceived as unnatural . One could say it is somewhat of a riddle why the Fine–Gray approach yields valid inference. To take away these uneasy feelings, we explore the link between the Fine–Gray and cause‐specific approaches in more detail. We introduce the reduction factor as representing the proportion of subjects in the Fine–Gray risk set that has not yet experienced a competing event. In the presence of covariates, the dependence of the reduction factor on a covariate gives information on how the effect of the covariate on the cause‐specific hazard and the subdistribution hazard relate. We discuss estimation and modeling of the reduction factor, and show how they can be used in various ways to estimate cumulative incidences, given the covariates. Methods are illustrated on data of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.
Nationwide study of the impact of D2 lymphadenectomy on survival after gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Kung C-H , Tsai J A , Lundell L , Johansson J , Nilsson M , Lindblad M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Gastrectomy including D2 lymphadenectomy is regarded as the standard curative treatment for advanced gastric cancer in Asia. This procedure has also been adopted gradually in the West, despite lack of support from RCTs. This study sought to investigate any advantage for long-term survival following D2 lymphadenectomy in routine gastric cancer surgery in a Western nationwide population-based cohort.

Methods
All patients who had a gastrectomy for cancer in Sweden in 2006–2017 were included in the study. Prospectively determined data items were retrieved from the National Register of Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer. Extent of lymphadenectomy was categorized as D1+/D2 or the less extensive D0/D1 according to the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association classification. Overall survival was analysed and, in addition, a variety of possible confounders were introduced into the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results
A total of 1677 patients underwent gastrectomy, of whom 471 (28·1 per cent) were classified as having a D1+/D2 and 1206 (71·9 per cent) a D0/D1 procedure. D1+/D2 lymphadenectomy was not associated with higher 30- or 90-day postoperative mortality. Median overall survival for D1+/D2 lymphadenectomy was 41·5 months with a 5-year survival rate of 43·7 per cent, compared with 38·5 months and 38·5 per cent respectively for D0/D1 (P = 0·116). After adjustment for confounders, in multivariable analysis survival was significantly higher after D1+/D2 than following D0/D1 lymphadenectomy (hazard ratio 0·81, 95 per cent c.i. 0·68 to 0·95; P = 0·012).

Conclusion
This national registry study showed that long-term survival after gastric cancer surgery was improved after gastrectomy involving D1+/D2 lymphadenectomy compared with D0/D1 dissection.
Contemporary trend of acute kidney injury incidence and incremental costs among US patients undergoing percutaneous coronary procedures
Authors: Prasad Anand , Rosenthal Ning A. , Kartashov Alex , Knish Kimberly , Dreyfus Jill 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess national trends of acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence, incremental costs, risk factors, and readmissions among patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during 2012–2017.BackgroundAKI remains a serious complication for patients undergoing CAG/PCI. Evidence is lacking in contemporary AKI trends and its impact on hospital resource utilization.MethodsPatients who underwent CAG/PCI procedures in 749 hospitals were identified from Premier Healthcare Database. AKI was defined by ICD‐9/10 diagnosis codes (584.9/N17.9, 583.89/N14.1, 583.9/N05.9, E947.8/T50.8X5) during 7 days post index procedure. Multivariable regression models were used to adjust for confounders.ResultsAmong 2,763,681 patients, AKI incidence increased from 6.0 to 8.4% or 14% per year in overall patients; from 18.0 to 28.4% in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and from 2.4 to 4.2% in those without CKD (all p < .001). Significant risk factors for AKI included older age, being uninsured, inpatient procedures, CKD, anemia, and diabetes (all p < .001). AKI was associated with higher 30‐day in‐hospital mortality (ORadjusted = 2.55; 95% CI: 2.40, 2.70) and readmission risk (ORadjusted = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.55). The AKI‐related incremental cost during index visit and 30‐day readmissions were estimated to be $8,416 and $580 per inpatient procedure and $927 and $6,145 per outpatient procedure. Overall excess healthcare burden associated with AKI was $1.67 billion.ConclusionsAKI incidence increased significantly in this large, multifacility sample of patients undergoing CAG/PCI procedures and was associated with substantial increase in hospital costs, readmissions, and mortality. Efforts to reduce AKI risk in US healthcare system are warranted.
Lipase‐oxovanadium heterogeneous catalysis system: a robust protocol for the dynamic kinetic resolution of sec‐alcohols
Authors: De Almeida Laiza A. , Marcondes Thayna H. , Milagre Cintia D. F. , Milagre Humberto M. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHerein, we present a robust and eco‐friendly dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) protocol for secondary alcohols using a combined heterogeneous catalytic CAL−B/VOSO4 system at 50 °C in the relatively green solvent heptane. This catalytic system is active and chemo‐ and enantioselective for up to 5 cycles. A set of 13 aromatic and heteroaromatic secondary alcohols were evaluated to determine the substrate scope. The performance of the combined CAL−B/VOSO4 system was improved by employing a low‐cost, homemade Teflon tube to compartmentalize the catalysts in one‐pot conditions, making this system for up to 8 reaction cycles.
Towards a High‐Performance Lithium‐Metal Battery with Glyme Solution and an Olivine Cathode
Authors: Wei Shuangying , Inoue Shoichi , Di Lecce Daniele , Li Zhenguang , Tominaga Yoichi , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance lithium‐metal batteries are achieved by using a glyme‐based electrolyte enhanced with a LiNO3 additive and a LiFePO4 cathode. An optimal electrolyte formulation is selected upon detailed analysis of the electrochemical properties of various solutions formed by dissolving respectively lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), and lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (LiBETI) either in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether or in triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and by adding LiNO3. A thorough investigation shows evidence of efficient ionic transport, a wide stability window, low reactivity with lithium metal, and cathode/electrolyte interphase characteristics that are strongly dependent on the glyme chain length. The best Li/LiFePO4 battery delivers 154 mAh g−1 at C/3 (1 C=170 mA g−1) without any decay after 200 cycles. Tests at 1 C and 5 C show initial capacities of about 150 and 140 mAh g−1, a retention exceeding 70 % after 500 cycles, and suitable electrode/electrolyte interphases evolution.
All‐Inorganic Single‐Ion Magnets in Ceramic Matrices
Authors: Zykin Mikhail A. , Kazin Pavel E. , Jansen Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAll‐inorganic single‐ion magnets representing paramagnetic ions incorporated in a crystalline diamagnetic matrix are reviewed. Key results and advantages of this approach in comparison with the common strategy based on molecular metal–organic complexes are considered, and some unsolved problems and future perspectives are discussed.
TMDs beyond MoS2 for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Soares Davi Marcelo , Mukherjee Santanu , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAtomically thin sheets of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted interest as high capacity electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices owing to their unique properties (high surface area, high strength and modulus, faster ion diffusion, and so on), which arise from their layered morphology and diversified chemistry. Nevertheless, low electronic conductivity, poor cycling stability, large structural changes during metal‐ion insertion/extraction along with high cost of manufacture are challenges that require further research in order for TMDs to find use in commercial batteries and supercapacitors. Here, a systematic review of cutting‐edge research focused on TMD materials beyond the widely studied molybdenum disulfide or MoS2 electrode is reported. Accordingly, a critical overview of the recent progress concerning synthesis methods, physicochemical and electrochemical properties is given. Trends and opportunities that may contribute to state‐of‐the‐art research are also discussed.
A Sandwich Azobenzene–Diamide Dimer for Photoregulated Chloride Transport
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Metya Surajit , Das Aloke , Talukdar Pinaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere has been a tremendous evolution for artificial ion transport systems, especially gated synthetic systems, which closely mimic their natural congeners. Herein, we demonstrate a trans‐azobenzene‐based photoregulatory anionophoric system that transports chloride by forming a sandwich dimeric complex. Further studies confirmed a carrier‐mediated chloride‐anion antiport mechanism, and the supramolecular interactions involved in chloride recognition within the sandwich complex were revealed from theoretical studies. Reversible trans–cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene was achieved without any significant contribution from the thermal cis→trans isomerization at room temperature. Photoregulatory transport activity across the lipid bilayer membrane inferred an outstanding off‐on response of the azobenzene photoswitch.
Luminescent Anion Sensing by Transition‐Metal Dipyridylbenzene Complexes Incorporated into Acyclic, Macrocyclic and Interlocked Hosts
Authors: Knighton Richard C. , Dapin Sophie , Beer Paul D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA series of novel acyclic, macrocyclic and mechanically interlocked luminescent anion sensors have been prepared by incorporation of the isophthalamide motif into dipyridylbenzene to obtain cyclometallated complexes of platinum(II) and ruthenium(II). Both the acyclic and macrocyclic derivatives 7⋅Pt, 7⋅Ru⋅PF6, 10⋅Pt and 10⋅Ru⋅PF6 are effective sensors for a range of halides and oxoanions. The near‐infra red emitting ruthenium congeners exhibited an increased binding strength compared to platinum due to the cationic charge and thus additional electrostatic interactions. Intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding between the dipyridylbenzene ligand and the amide carbonyls increases the preorganisation of both acyclic and macrocyclic metal derivatives resulting in no discernible macrocyclic effect. Interlocked analogues were also prepared, and preliminary luminescent chloride anion spectrometric titrations with 12⋅Ru⋅(PF6)2 demonstrate a marked increase in halide binding affinity due to the complementary chloride binding pocket of the [2]rotaxane. 1H NMR binding titrations indicate the interlocked dicationic receptor is capable of chloride recognition even in competitive 30 % aqueous mixtures.
Histopathology‐validated machine learning radiographic biomarker for noninvasive discrimination between true progression and pseudo‐progression in glioblastoma
Authors: Akbari Hamed , Rathore Saima , Bakas Spyridon , Nasrallah MacLean P. , Shukla Gaurav , Mamourian Elizabeth , Rozycki Martin , Bagley Stephen J. , Rudie Jeffrey D. , Flanders Adam E. , Dicker Adam P. , Desai Arati S. , O’Rourke Donald M. , Brem Steven , Lustig Robert , Mohan Suyash , Wolf Ronald L. , Bilello Michel , Martinez‐Lage Maria , Davatzikos Christos 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundImaging of glioblastoma patients after maximal safe resection and chemoradiation commonly demonstrates new enhancements that raise concerns about tumor progression. However, in 30% to 50% of patients, these enhancements primarily represent the effects of treatment, or pseudo‐progression (PsP). We hypothesize that quantitative machine learning analysis of clinically acquired multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) can identify subvisual imaging characteristics to provide robust, noninvasive imaging signatures that can distinguish true progression (TP) from PsP.MethodsWe evaluated independent discovery (n = 40) and replication (n = 23) cohorts of glioblastoma patients who underwent second resection due to progressive radiographic changes suspicious for recurrence. Deep learning and conventional feature extraction methods were used to extract quantitative characteristics from the mpMRI scans. Multivariate analysis of these features revealed radiophenotypic signatures distinguishing among TP, PsP, and mixed response that compared with similar categories blindly defined by board‐certified neuropathologists. Additionally, interinstitutional validation was performed on 20 new patients.ResultsPatients who demonstrate TP on neuropathology are significantly different (P < .0001) from those with PsP, showing imaging features reflecting higher angiogenesis, higher cellularity, and lower water concentration. The accuracy of the proposed signature in leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was 87% for predicting PsP (area under the curve [AUC], 0.92) and 84% for predicting TP (AUC, 0.83), whereas in the discovery/replication cohort, the accuracy was 87% for predicting PsP (AUC, 0.84) and 78% for TP (AUC, 0.80). The accuracy in the interinstitutional cohort was 75% (AUC, 0.80).ConclusionQuantitative mpMRI analysis via machine learning reveals distinctive noninvasive signatures of TP versus PsP after treatment of glioblastoma. Integration of the proposed method into clinical studies can be performed using the freely available Cancer Imaging Phenomics Toolkit.
Transcervical sonography and human papillomavirus 16 E6 antibodies are sensitive for the detection of oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Lang Kuhs Krystle A. , Wood C. Burton , Wiggleton Jamie , Aulino Joseph M. , Latimer Brian , Smith Derek K. , Bender Noemi , Rohde Sarah , Mannion Kyle , Kim Young , Sinard Robert , Langerman Alexander , Fleischer Arthur , Fakhry Carole , Waterboer Tim , Netterville James L. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus 16 (HPV‐16) E6 seropositivity is a promising early marker of human papillomavirus–driven oropharyngeal cancer (HPV‐OPC), yet more sensitive imaging modalities are needed before screening is considered. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of transcervical sonography (TCS) for detecting clinically apparent HPV‐OPC in comparison with computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT.MethodsFifty‐one patients with known or suspected HPV‐OPC without prior treatment underwent oropharyngeal TCS and blood collection (for HPV multiplex serology testing). Eight standard sonographic images were collected; primary‐site tumors were measured in 3 dimensions if identified. Each patient underwent a full diagnostic workup as part of standard clinical care. The pathologic details, HPV status, final staging, and imaging findings were abstracted from the medical record. The sensitivity of each imaging modality was compared with the final clinical diagnosis (the gold standard).ResultsTwenty‐four base of tongue cancers (47%), 22 tonsillar cancers (43%), and 2 unknown primary cancers (4%) were diagnosed; 3 patients (6%) had no tumors. All p16‐tested patients were positive (n = 47). Primary‐site tumors were correctly identified in 90.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.6%‐96.7%) with TCS, in 69.4% (95% CI, 54.6%‐81.7%) with CT, and in 83.3% (95% CI, 68.6%‐93.0%) with PET/CT. TCS identified tumors in 10 of 14 cases missed by CT and recognized the absence of tumors in 3 cases for which CT or PET/CT was falsely positive. The smallest sonographically identified primary‐site tumor was 0.5 cm in its greatest dimension; the average size was 2.3 cm. Among p16‐positive patients, 76.1% (95% CI, 61.2%‐87.4%) were seropositive for HPV‐16 E6.ConclusionsTCS and HPV‐16 E6 antibodies are sensitive for the diagnosis of HPV‐OPC.
Auxiliary bridge arm–based switching control for optimal unloading transient performance of multiphase buck converters
Authors: Lu Weiguo , Qu Xueji , Ma Junwen 
Published: March 2020

SummaryFor a low‐conversion ratio buck converter, the step‐down (unloading) transient lasts much longer than the step‐up transient for the same change of the load. Regarding this issue, an auxiliary bridge arm (ABA) multiphase buck converter with switching control scheme is proposed for the optimal unloading transient performance. With the ABA, the input voltage is reversely connected into the inductor current freewheeling loop during the unloading transient. In this case, the fall slew rate of the inductor current increases, because of the voltage across the inductor increase. Meanwhile, the capacitor‐charge balance theory is used to calculate the switching moment and achieve the minimum settling time and the voltage overshoots. Finally, a 12‐ to 3.3‐V two‐phase synchronous buck converter prototype is built. The experimental results show that the settling time and the voltage deviation are both improved over 50% compared with that of the average current sharing scheme and the time‐optimal control scheme.
Assessing cetacean populations using integrated population models: an example with Cook Inlet beluga whales
Authors: Jacobson Eiren K. , Boyd Charlotte , McGuire Tamara L. , Shelden Kim E. W. , Himes Boor Gina K. , Punt André E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEffective conservation and management of animal populations requires knowledge of abundance and trends. For many species, these quantities are estimated using systematic visual surveys. Additional individual‐level data are available for some species. Integrated population modeling (IPM) offers a mechanism for leveraging these data sets into a single estimation framework. IPMs that incorporate both population‐ and individual‐level data have previously been developed for birds, but have rarely been applied to cetaceans. Here, we explore how IPMs can be used to improve the assessment of cetacean populations. We combined three types of data that are typically available for cetaceans of conservation concern: population‐level visual survey data, individual‐level capture–recapture data, and data on anthropogenic mortality. We used this IPM to estimate the population dynamics of the Cook Inlet population of beluga whales (CIBW;Delphinapterus leucas) as a case study. Our state‐space IPM included a population process model and three observational submodels: (1) a group detection model to describe group size estimates from aerial survey data; (2) a capture–recapture model to describe individual photographic capture–recapture data; and (3) a Poisson regression model to describe historical hunting data. The IPM produces biologically plausible estimates of population trajectories consistent with all three data sets. The estimated population growth rate since 2000 is less than expected for a recovering population. The estimated juvenile/adult survival rate is also low compared to other cetacean populations, indicating that low survival may be impeding recovery. This work demonstrates the value of integrating various data sources to assess cetacean populations and serves as an example of how multiple, imperfect data sets can be combined to improve our understanding of a population of interest. The model framework is applicable to other cetacean populations and to other taxa for which similar data types are available.