bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and outcomes of hospital treated acute myocarditis from 2003 to 2015 in Spain
Authors: Ruiz‐Ortiz Martín , Anguita‐Sánchez Manuel , Bonilla‐Palomas Juan Luis , Fernández‐Pérez Cristina , Bernal‐Sobrino José Luis , Cequier‐Fillat Angel , Bueno‐Zamora Hector , Marín Francisco , Elola‐Somoza Francisco Javier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are no data on population‐based epidemiological changes in acute myocarditis in Europe. Our aim was to evaluate temporal trends in incidence, clinical features and outcomes of hospital treated acute myocarditis (AM) in Spain from 2003 to 2015.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using information of all hospital discharges of the Spanish National Health System. All episodes with a discharge diagnosis of AM from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2015 were included. The risk‐standardized in‐hospital mortality ratio (RSMR) was calculated using a multilevel risk‐adjustment model developed by the Medicare and Medicaid Services. Temporal trends for in‐hospital mortality were modelled using Poisson regression analysis.ResultsA total of 11 147 episodes of AM were analysed, most of them idiopathic (94.7%). The rate of AM discharges increased along the period, from 13 to 30/million inhabitants/year (2003‐2015), and this increase was statistically significant when weighted by age and sex (incidence rate ratio, IRR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04‐1.08,P = .001). In‐hospital crude mortality rate was 3.1%, diminishing significantly along 2003‐2015 (IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92‐0.99,P = .02). RSMR also significantly diminished along the period (IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92‐0.99,P = .01). Renal failure (OR 7.03, 5.38‐9.18,P = .001), liver disease (OR 4.61, 2.59‐8.21,P = .001), pneumonia (OR 4.13, 2.75‐6.20,P = .001) and heart failure (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.47‐2.47,P = .001) were the strongest independent factors associated with in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsAcute myocarditis is an uncommon entity, although hospital discharges have increased in Spain along the study period. Most of AM were idiopathic. Adjusted mortality was low and seemed to decrease from 2003 to 2015, suggesting an improvement in AM management.
Enhancing ductility and fatigue strength of additively manufactured metallic materials by preheating the build platform
Authors: Nezhadfar P.D. , Shamsaei Nima , Phan Nam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of preheating the build platform (process) on the microstructure/defect structure (structure) as well as the tensile and fatigue behaviour (property) of the laser beam powder bed fused (LB‐PBF) 316L stainless steel (SS) is investigated. Preheating the build platform to 150°C (P150) affects the thermal gradient and cooling rate resulting in the reduction of the volumetric defects (i.e., gas‐entrapped pores and lack of fusion (LoF)) as compared with the condition where the build platform is non‐preheated (NP). The ductility of P150 LB‐PBF 316L SS is improved as compared with the NP counterpart, resulting from the less volumetric defects as well as the change in the crystallographic orientation of the grains in P150 condition. In addition, preheating the build platform is found to enhance the fatigue resistance of LB‐PBF 316L SS specimens. This is associated with fewer and smaller volumetric defects in P150 specimens as compared with the NP ones.
Patient preference for urologist gender
Authors: Wynn Jessica , Johns Putra Lydia 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the factors associated with patients preferring the gender of their treating urologist in various clinical settings.MethodsA total of 400 urology outpatients participated in a structured interview on the nature of their presenting complaint, perception of their complaint and the preference for the gender of their urologist in four specific scenarios of consultation, physical examination, office‐based procedure and surgery. Patients who expressed a gender preference received follow‐up telephone calls.ResultsA gender preference was expressed by 63 (15.8%), 108 (27.0%), 89 (22.3%) and 29 (7.3%) patients for the scenarios of consultation, physical examination, office‐based procedure and surgery, respectively. Patients were more likely to have a preference if they were female or had a condition they considered embarrassing, with most preferences being for a gender‐concordant urologist. Reasons included a previous negative experience and perceived gender‐specific treatment styles. Patients who subsequently saw a doctor of the opposite gender to their preference were more likely to change their mind if their clinical interaction was positive.ConclusionsFemale patients, those with a perceived embarrassing condition and patients undergoing examination or office‐based procedures are more likely to have a gender preference for their urologist, with a subsequent positive experience leading to patients discarding pre‐existing preferences. With improved understanding of how patient characteristics, perception of their condition and previous experiences can affect their choices in various clinical situations, urologists can better meet patient expectations and address barriers to healthcare in urology.
Target antifungal peptides of immune signalling pathways in silkworm, Bombyx mori, against Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Geng T. , Lu F. , Wu H. , Lou D. , Tu N. , Zhu F. , Wang S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntifungal innate immunity is an important defence used by insects against entomogenous fungi. However, the downstream target antifungal peptides of different immune signalling pathways are unknown. We found that the Toll, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) and Immunodeficiency (IMD) signalling pathways in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, can be activated by Beauveria bassiana. Inhibition of the Toll, IMD and Jak/STAT signalling pathways reduced the antifungal activities of silkworm haemolymph. We verified the target antifungal peptides of different immune signalling pathways. The expression patterns of five anti‐fungal peptide genes in silkworm larvae and BmN cells were detected after blocking or over‐expressing the immune signalling pathways. The Toll signalling pathways mediated the expression of Bmcecropin A, Bmattacin 1 and Bmgloverin 2; IMD signalling pathways mediated Bmenbocin 1, Bmgloverin 2 and Bmattacin 1; Jak/STAT signalling pathways mediated Bmstorage protein 30K‐19G1 (Bmsp 1), Bmattacin 1 and Bmcecropin A. These data indicated that anti‐microbial peptide genes in B. mori evolved through expansion and selection of existing genes to adapt to the challenge of invasive microorganisms such as fungi. This information provides insight into the antifungal immune responses in B. mori and aids understanding of insect immune regulation mechanisms.
Direct selective laser sintering of hexagonal barium titanate ceramics
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Wang Fei , Wu Zhipeng , Lu Yongfeng , Yan Xueliang , Nastasi Michael , Chen Yan , Hao Yifei , Hong Xia , Cui Bai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA direct selective laser sintering (SLS) process was combined with a laser preheating procedure to decrease the temperature gradient and thermal stress, which was demonstrated as a promising approach for additive manufacturing of BaTiO3 ceramics. The phase compositions in BaTiO3 ceramics fabricated by SLS were investigated by X‐ray and neutron diffractions. The surface morphologies and cross‐section microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A dense hexagonal h‐BaTiO3 layer was formed on the surface and extended to a depth of 500 μm, with a relative density higher than 97% and absence of pores or microcracks. SLS resulted in the formation of the high‐temperature phase, h‐BaTiO3, which was retained at room temperature possibly due to the high cooling rate. The grain boundaries of SLSed h‐BaTiO3 ceramics consist of a Ti‐rich secondary phase. Compared with that of the pressureless sintered t‐BaTiO3 ceramics, the Vickers hardness of SLSed h‐BaTiO3 is 70% higher.
A personal network approach to the study of nurse champions of innovation and their innovation projects’ spread
Authors: Luz Shirly , Drach‐Zahavy Anat , Shadmi Efrat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo develop and test the relationship between nurse champions’ personal social networks and innovation success in terms of spread.DesignA cross sectional.Method(s)Data were collected on 94 nurse champions at three medium‐large tertiary medical centres from 2015–2016. Data from champions on their personal network were assessed via a standardized and acceptable three‐step network survey. Success in terms of innovation spread was assessed via perceived extent of spread. Network structural and relational characteristics were depicted by level of spread. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between network characteristics and innovation spread.FindingsAbove and beyond various project and network control variables, network density was significantly and positively related to project spread, tie‐strength diversity was significantly and negatively related to project spread and difference in ethnic origin between champions and alters was significantly and positively related to project spread. Maximum age of network members was marginally significantly related to project spread.Conclusion(s)Our findings show that high‐density personal social networks; networks where tie strength among network members is similar, thus, creating liking and trust among members; having at least one older network member who might have close access to professional and organizational resources acquired throughout their career; and having ties with network members from different ethnic groups to prevent knowledge stickiness, all promote innovation spread. Champions should be carefully nominated based on their ability to engage network members and to build ties with various network members inside and outside the nursing unit; once selected, champions should be aware of their social networks.ImpactThe current study explored champions’ personal‐network structure, composition and variance measures and their implications for innovation project spread. The findings demonstrated that nursing champions’ personal social networks matter for innovation spread. This finding has implications for the nominating and the coaching of champions.
Experiences of geriatric nurses in nursing home settings across four countries in the face of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sarabia‐Cobo Carmen , Pérez Victoria , de Lorena Pablo , Hermosilla‐Grijalbo Carmen , Sáenz‐Jalón María , Fernández‐Rodríguez Angela , Alconero‐Camarero Ana Rosa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the emotional impact and experiences of geriatric nurses working in nursing homes and caring for patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID‐19).DesignThis is a qualitative study with phenomenological method and data were gathered through in‐depth interview.MethodsThe experiences and expectations that nurses are facing during their care duties were explored via video conference, using a semi‐structured interview guide. We have followed the Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research COREQ.ResultsInterviews (N=24) were conducted with nurses from four countries (Spain, Italy, Peru, and Mexico) during April 2020. Three main categories were extracted: fear of the pandemic situation, the sense of duty and professional commitment, and emotional exhaustion.ConclusionsRegardless of the country and situation, in the face of the pandemic, dramatic situations have been experienced in nursing homes worldwide, with nursing staff feeling exhausted and overwhelmed, and reflection is urged on a global level to consider the most appropriate model of care in nursing homes.
Integrating systematic biological and proteomics strategies to explore the pharmacological mechanism of danshen yin modified on atherosclerosis
Authors: Yang Kailin , Zeng Liuting , Ge Anqi , Pan Xiaoping , Bao Tingting , Long Zhiyong , Tong Qiaozhen , Yuan Mengxia , Zhu Xiaofei , Ge Jinwen , Huang Zhengde 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis research utilized the systematic biological and proteomics strategies to explore the regulatory mechanism of Danshen Yin Modified (DSYM) on atherosclerosis (AS) biological network. The traditional Chinese medicine database and HPLC was used to find the active compounds of DSYM, Pharmmapper database was used to predict potential targets, and OMIM database and GeneCards database were used to collect AS targets. String database was utilized to obtain the other protein of proteomics proteins and the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) data of DSYM targets, AS genes, proteomics proteins and other proteins. The Cytoscape 3.7.1 software was utilized to construct and analyse the network. The DAVID database is used to discover the biological processes and signalling pathways that these proteins aggregate. Finally, animal experiments and proteomics analysis were used to further verify the prediction results. The results showed that 140 active compounds, 405 DSYM targets and 590 AS genes were obtained, and 51 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the DSYM‐treated ApoE‐/‐ mouse AS model. A total of 4 major networks and a number of their derivative networks were constructed and analysed. The prediction results showed that DSYM can regulate AS‐related biological processes and signalling pathways. Animal experiments have also shown that DSYM has a therapeutic effect on ApoE‐/‐mouse AS model (P < .05). Therefore, this study proposed a new method based on systems biology, proteomics, and experimental pharmacology, and analysed the pharmacological mechanism of DSYM. DSYM may achieve therapeutic effects by regulating AS‐related signalling pathways and biological processes found in this research.
Does Politicization Matter for EU Representation? A Comparison of Four European Parliament Elections*
Authors: Vasilopoulou Sofia , Gattermann Katjana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhat is the effect of politicization on EU representation? We empirically test two competing views through a focus on party–voter congruence, namely whether parties share the policy preferences of their voters. The first perspective expects that the process of politicization – either through party or media contestation – would improve party–voter agreement. The second perspective argues that politicization has not improved the supply of partisan debate with parties still not offering satisfactory options to voters who are primarily driven by protest‐based considerations; and as such does not expect an effect. We analyse congruence on the left–right and pro–anti‐EU dimensions, capturing questions related to EU policy and polity, respectively. Our examination of four European Parliament elections (1999–2014) and 341 parties across 53 electoral contexts points to the limited effect of politicization upon representation. Our findings have significant implications for the study of EU politicization and representation and open up avenues for future research.
Still Governing in the Shadows? Member States and the Political and Security Committee in the Post‐Lisbon EU Foreign Policy Architecture*
Authors: Maurer Heidi , Wright Nicholas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Lisbon Treaty introduced far‐reaching reforms for EU foreign policy co‐operation. In the decade since, most scholarship has focused on the High Representative and EEAS. Far less consideration has been given to its consequences for member states' ownership of foreign policy. This article therefore examines how these institutional reforms have affected the Political and Security Committee (PSC), established to enable member states to better manage EU foreign policy cooperation. Drawing on new empirical data, it shows that the PSC has found its capacity to act as strategic agenda‐setter increasingly constrained because of greater opportunities for activism by the HRVP and EEAS; and by the emergence of the European Council as the key arbiter in foreign policy decision‐making. While this indicates the PSC today finds it harder to perform the role originally assigned to it, it is gaining alternative relevance through an emerging oversight role, which has implications for member states' EU foreign policy engagement.
Oceanic dispersal barriers in a holoplanktonic gastropod
Authors: Choo Le Qin , Bal Thijs M. P. , Goetze Erica , Peijnenburg Katja T. C. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPteropods, a group of holoplanktonic gastropods, are regarded as bioindicators of the effects of ocean acidification on open ocean ecosystems, because their thin aragonitic shells are susceptible to dissolution. While there have been recent efforts to address their capacity for physiological acclimation, it is also important to gain predictive understanding of their ability to adapt to future ocean conditions. However, little is known about the levels of genetic variation and large‐scale population structuring of pteropods, key characteristics enabling local adaptation. We examined the spatial distribution of genetic diversity in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and nuclear 28S gene fragments, as well as shell shape variation, across a latitudinal transect in the Atlantic Ocean (35°N–36°S) for the pteropod Limacina bulimoides. We observed high levels of genetic variability (COI π = 0.034, 28S π = 0.0021) and strong spatial structuring (COI ΦST = 0.230, 28S ΦST = 0.255) across this transect. Based on the congruence of mitochondrial and nuclear differentiation, as well as differences in shell shape, we identified a primary dispersal barrier in the southern Atlantic subtropical gyre (15–18°S). This barrier is maintained despite the presence of expatriates, a gyral current system, and in the absence of any distinct oceanographic gradients in this region, suggesting that reproductive isolation between these populations must be strong. A secondary dispersal barrier supported only by 28S pairwise ΦST comparisons was identified in the equatorial upwelling region (between 15°N and 4°S), which is concordant with barriers observed in other zooplankton species. Both oceanic dispersal barriers were congruent with regions of low abundance reported for a similar basin‐scale transect that was sampled 2 years later. Our finding supports the hypothesis that low abundance indicates areas of suboptimal habitat that result in barriers to gene flow in widely distributed zooplankton species. Such species may in fact consist of several populations or (sub)species that are adapted to local environmental conditions, limiting their potential for adaptive responses to ocean changes. Future analyses of genome‐wide diversity in pteropods could provide further insight into the strength, formation and maintenance of oceanic dispersal barriers.
Robust Estimation for Response Time Modeling
Authors: Hong Maxwell , Rebouças Daniella A. , Cheng Ying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResponse time has started to play an increasingly important role in educational and psychological testing, which prompts many response time models to be proposed in recent years. However, response time modeling can be adversely impacted by aberrant response behavior. For example, test speededness can cause response time to certain items to deviate from the hypothesized model. In this article, we introduce a robust estimation approach when estimating a respondent's working speed under the log‐normal model by down‐weighting aberrant response times. A simulation study is carried out to compare the performance of two weighting schemes and a real data example is provided to showcase the use of the new robust estimation method. Limitations and future directions are also discussed.
Effects of exenatide on microvascular reactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Östlund Papadogeorgos Nikolaos , Kuhl Jeanette , Shore Angela , Kahan Thomas , Jörneskog Gun , Kalani Majid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe studied the effect of the GLP‐1RA exenatide on skin microvascular function in patients with T2DM and CAD.MethodsThirty‐five patients with T2DM, CAD, and HbA1C 42–86 mmol/mol were randomized to treatment with exenatide or conventional non‐GLP‐1‐based therapy for 12 weeks. Skin microvascular function was examined in the forearm by LDF and iontophoretic application of acetyl choline and SNP, and by PORH at baseline and after 12 weeks. Blood samples for fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, and lipid profile were collected.ResultsAt 12 weeks, patients on exenatide showed reductions in HbA1C (from 63.5 ± 13 to 60.7 ± 14 mmol/mol, p = .065), body weight (from 92.6 ± 16 to 89 ± 16 kg, p < .001), and systolic blood pressure (from 141 ± 13 to 134 ± 16 mm Hg, p < .05) as compared to the conventionally treated group. There were no significant changes in skin microvascular function between or within the two groups at follow‐up.ConclusionsThree months' daily treatment with the GLP‐1RA exenatide in T2DM patients with CAD showed no significant effects on skin microvascular function or blood glucose control, while this study confirms a reduction in body weight and blood pressure by exenatide, as compared to conventional antidiabetic drug treatment.
A conserved double‐W box in the promoter of CaWRKY40 mediates autoregulation during response to pathogen attack and heat stress in pepper
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Qin , Shi Lan‐Ping , Yang Sheng , Qiu Shan‐Shan , Ma Xiao‐Ling , Cai Jin‐Sen , Guan De‐Yi , Wang Zong‐Hua , He Shui‐Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCaWRKY40 was previously found to be transcriptionally up‐regulated by Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation (RSI) or heat stress (HS), but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Herein, we report that a double‐W box‐element (DWE) in the promoter of CaWRKY40 is critical for these responses. The upstream W box unit WI of this composite element is crucial for preferential binding by CaWRKY40 and responsiveness to RSI or HS. DWE‐driven CaWRKY40 can be transcriptionally and nonspecifically regulated by itself and by CaWRKY58 and CaWRKY27. The DWE was also found in the promoters of CaWRKY40 orthologs, including AtWRKY40, VvWRKY40, GmWRKY40, CplWRKY40, SaWRKY40, SpWRKY40, NtWRKY40, and NaWRKY40. DWEAtWRKY40 was analogous to DWECaWRKY40 by responding to RSI or HS and AtWRKY40 expression. These data suggest that a conserved response of plants to pathogen infection or HS is probably mediated by binding of the DWE by WRKY40.