bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up‐regulation of calmodulin involved in the stress response to cyantraniliprole in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Guo Lei , Li Changyou , Coupland Grey , Liang Pei , Chu Dong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCyantraniliprole is the first diamide insecticide to have cross‐spectrum activity against a broad range of insect orders. The insecticide, like other diamides, selectively acts on ryanodine receptor, destroys Ca2+ homeostasis, and ultimately causes insect death. Although expression regulations of genes associated with calcium signaling pathways are known to be involved in the response to diamides, little is known regarding the function of calmodulin (CaM), a typical Ca2+ sensor central in regulating Ca2+ homeostasis, in the stress response of insects to the insecticide. In this study, we cloned and identified the full‐length complementary DNA of CaM in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), named BtCaM. Quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction‐based analyses showed that the messenger RNA level of BtCaM was rapidly induced from 1.51‐ to 2.43‐fold by cyantraniliprole during 24 h. Knockdown of BtCaM by RNA interference increased the toxicity of cyantraniliprole in whiteflies by 42.85%. In contrast, BtCaM expression in Sf9 cells significantly increased the cells’ tolerance to cyantraniliprole as much as 2.91‐fold. In addition, the expression of BtCaM in Sf9 cells suppressed the rapid increase of intracellular Ca2+ after exposure to cyantraniliprole, and the maximum amplitude in the Sf9‐BtCaM cells was only 34.9% of that in control cells (Sf9‐PIZ/V5). These results demonstrate that overexpression of BtCaM is involved in the stress response of B. tabaci to cyantraniliprole through regulation of Ca2+ concentration. As CaM is one of the most evolutionarily conserved Ca2+ sensors in insects, outcomes of this study may provide the first details of a universal insect response to diamide insecticides.
The Integration of Emerging Powers into Club Institutions: China and the Arctic Council
Authors: Stephen Matthew D. , Stephen Kathrin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHow do emerging powers gain inclusion into club institutions, i.e. institutions with selective memberships that deliberately seek to avoid universality? We present a framework that highlights three factors: an emerging power’s ‘fit’ to the club’s logic of exclusivity, the club’s possession of goods of value to the emerging power, and the ability of the emerging power to incentivize the club to open up via different strategies. We hypothesize that, due to the selection effect of choosing to seek inclusion in a club, emerging powers will seek integration using integrative strategies such as co‐optation and persuasion. We apply the framework to analyse the case of China’s inclusion – along with several other countries – as a State Observer in the Arctic Council in 2013. While China did use largely integrative strategies, the political background to the decision to open up to new observers reveals latent features of power bargaining. Moreover, it is unclear whether observer status has been sufficient to satisfy China. The case highlights the significance of observers in international organizations as well as the importance of clubs’ logics of exclusivity to their ability to adapt to international power shifts.
Decolonizing Visual Anthropology: Locating Transnational Diasporic Queers‐of‐Color Voices in Ethnographic Cinema
Authors: Gill Harjant 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe American ethnographic film canon remains dominated by straight white men. As anthropology takes on the task of confronting the riddle of white supremacy, this might be a good time to consider who remains missing from popular taxonomies of anthropological cinema and to bring them into the canon. Unsurprisingly, the voices of immigrant diasporic queers of color are absent. By revisiting the ethnographic cinema of four such filmmakers—Marlon Riggs, Pratibha Parmar, Frances Negrón‐Muntaner, and Richard Fung—I call for an expansion of existing histories and a renewed focus on queers‐of‐color erasure. Their films challenges orthodox definitions of visual anthropology. Making films around the same time that some of the most canonical ethnographic films were released, these filmmakers anticipated current discussions of affect and autoethnography. Their work offers unique and productive insights into our understandings of race, gender, sexuality, and power relations. Questioning the limits of what counts as “documentary,” these filmmakers rethink colonial frameworks of ethnography itself. Confronting the patriarchal white supremacy of anthropology demands attention to these important works. [ethnographic film, visual anthropology, transnational, diaspora, queers of color]
PROSPECT guideline for tonsillectomy: systematic review and procedure‐specific postoperative pain management recommendations
Authors: Aldamluji N. , Burgess A. , Pogatzki‐Zahn E. , Raeder J. , Beloeil H. ,   the PROSPECT Working Group collaborators*
Published: November 2020

SummaryTonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures; however, pain management remains challenging. Procedure‐specific efficacy as well as specific risks of treatment options should guide selection of pain management protocols based on evidence and should optimise analgesia without harm. The aims of this systematic review were to evaluate the available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after tonsillectomy. A systematic review utilising preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis guidelines with procedure‐specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology was undertaken. Randomised controlled trials published in the English language up to November 2019 assessing postoperative pain using analgesic, anaesthetic or surgical interventions were identified. Out of the 719 potentially eligible studies identified, 226 randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, excluding the studies examining surgical techniques. Pre‐operative and intra‐operative interventions that improved postoperative pain were paracetamol; non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; intravenous dexamethasone; ketamine (only assessed in children); gabapentinoids; dexmedetomidine; honey; and acupuncture. Inconsistent evidence was found for local anaesthetic infiltration; antibiotics; and magnesium sulphate. Limited evidence was found for clonidine. The analgesic regimen for tonsillectomy should include paracetamol; non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs; and intravenous dexamethasone, with opioids as rescue analgesics. Analgesic adjuncts such as intra‐operative and postoperative acupuncture as well as postoperative honey are also recommended. Ketamine (only for children); dexmedetomidine; or gabapentinoids may be considered when some of the first‐line analgesics are contra‐indicated. Further randomised controlled trials are required to define risk and combination of drugs most effective for postoperative pain relief after tonsillectomy.
Do non‐native plants contribute to insect declines?
Authors: Tallamy Douglas W. , Narango Desirée L. , Mitchell Adam B. 
Published: November 2020

1. With evidence of significant global insect declines mounting, urgent calls to mitigate such declines are also increasing. Efforts to reverse insect declines will only succeed, however, if we correctly identify and address their major causes.2. One potential cause that has received little mention is the global spread of non‐native plants as invasive species, agroforestry products, and ornamental plants.3. Here we (a) review the theory predicting that most insect herbivores are evolutionarily constrained to use a fraction of available plant lineages; (b) document the extent to which nonnative plants have displaced native plant communities around the globe; (c) examine the evidence that non‐native plants reduce insect abundance and diversity; and (d) suggest guidelines for measuring the impact of non‐native plants on insect populations.4. We conclude that host range expansions to non‐natives do occur among many insect herbivores but not at the frequency required to prevent insect declines when non‐native plants replace native plant communities. Accordingly, we suggest that curbing the spread and use of non‐ native plants at local, national, and international scales will be a necessary and effective way to reduce some insect declines.
Husband–Wife Religious Denomination Homogamy and Marital Satisfaction Over Time: The Moderating Role of Religious Intensity
Authors: Hwang Woosang , Cakirsoy‐Aslan Ayse Duygu , Brown Maria T. , Silverstein Merril 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study examines the extent to which homogamy and heterogamy in husband–wife religious denomination are associated with initial levels of marital satisfaction and slopes of marital satisfaction over 17 years examining whether those associations are moderated by husbands' and wives' religious intensity.BackgroundLongitudinal studies on religion and marital outcomes that incorporate a dyadic component are relatively rare, and few studies have examined couple‐level religiosity with respect to long‐term marital outcomes.MethodOn the basis of six waves of the Longitudinal Study of Generations data between 1988 and 2005, we selected 173 married couples in the baby boom generation and analyzed their musing dyadic growth curve modeling.ResultsHusbands' and wives' religious denomination homogamy was significantly associated with initial levels and slopes of both husbands' and wives' marital satisfaction. In addition, husbands with highly religious wives of the same denomination exhibited greater initial levels of marital satisfaction than those who had wives of weaker religious intensity with a different denomination.ConclusionIn this research, denominational similarity between spouses was not only beneficial to marital satisfaction but was also paired with the degree of religious intensity.ImplicationFamily researchers and practitioners are encouraged to acknowledge the characteristics of couples' religious contexts and their influences on marital outcomes over the family life course. Because the LSOG couples represent mostly White and underrepresented families from other ethnicities, there should be caution in generalizing these findings to the general population.
Shall the forthcoming Chinese Antarctic law be obligation‐oriented?
Authors: Li Xueping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChina has set forth on making its Antarctic law after a long time of ferment. This forthcoming law should refer to the most suitable Chinese theoretical standards of law‐making. It should also clarify China's domestic and international legal dimensions and the doctrine of rights shaped by obligations in the Antarctic Treaty System. All of which determine that this new law shall have the nature of obligation‐orientation and will have high impact on Chinese Antarctic activities in the future, though leaving possible drawbacks relevant to the suspended issues under the Antarctic Treaty System.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinomas adjacent to the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Tsurugai Yuichiro , Takeda Atsuya , Eriguchi Takahisa , Sanuki Naosko , Aoki Yousuke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimDecisions regarding therapeutic plans for inoperable patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are challenging because radiofrequency ablation has the potential risk of thermal injury. Moreover, the response rate of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is relatively low and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is believed to be too toxic. We have applied hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) for such lesions. This study investigated the outcomes and toxicities of this treatment.MethodsAmong consecutive HCC patients treated with radiotherapy with curative intent at our institution between 2015 and 2019, we retrospectively extracted those outside of the indication for SBRT due to exceeding the constraint of the GI tract and who were treated using HFRT with a prescription dose of 42 Gy in 14 fractions and prophylactic proton pump inhibitor administration for 6 months. The oncological outcomes and toxicities were investigated.ResultsA total of 66 patients with 73 lesions were eligible. The median follow‐up period was 24.0 months. The local recurrence, intrahepatic recurrence, liver‐related death, and overall survival rates at 2 years were 11.3%, 50.6%, 15.9%, and 60.4%, respectively. Six (9.1%) patients experienced Child–Pugh score deterioration ≥2 within 6 months following treatment. Two and one patient developed grades 2 and 3 gastroduodenal bleeding, respectively.ConclusionsHFRT can achieve good local control in patients with HCC adjacent to the GI tract, with low GI toxicity incidence. Our study demonstrated that HFRT can be a potentially curative treatment option for lesions.
Little parallelism in genomic signatures of local adaptation in two sympatric, cryptic sister species
Authors: Hartke Juliane , Waldvogel Ann‐Marie , Sprenger Philipp P. , Schmitt Thomas , Menzel Florian , Pfenninger Markus , Feldmeyer Barbara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpecies living in sympatry and sharing a similar niche often express parallel phenotypes as a response to similar selection pressures. The degree of parallelism within underlying genomic levels is often unexplored, but can give insight into the mechanisms of natural selection and adaptation. Here, we use multi‐dimensional genomic associations to assess the basis of local and climate adaptation in two sympatric, crypticCrematogaster leviorant species along a climate gradient. Additionally, we investigate the genomic basis of chemical communication in both species. Communication in insects is mainly mediated by cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), which also protect against water loss and, hence, are subject to changes via environmental acclimation or adaptation. The combination of environmental and chemical association analyses based on genome‐wide Pool‐Seq data allowed us to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with climate and with chemical differences. Within species, CHC changes as a response to climate seem to be driven by phenotypic plasticity, since there is no overlap between climate‐ and CHC‐associated SNPs. The only exception is the odorant receptor OR22c, which may be a candidate for population‐specific CHC recognition in one of the species. Within both species, climate is significantly correlated with CHC differences, as well as to allele frequency differences. However, associated candidate SNPs, genes and functions are largely species‐specific and we find evidence for minimal parallel evolution only on the level of genomic regions (J = 0.04). This highlights that even closely related species may follow divergent evolutionary trajectories when expressing similar adaptive phenotypes.
The forgotten feeding ground: patterns in seasonal and depth‐specific food intake of adult cod Gadus morhua in the western Baltic Sea
Authors: Funk Steffen , Frelat Romain , Möllmann Christian , Temming Axel , Krumme Uwe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study presents the diet composition of western Baltic cod Gadus morhua based on 3150 stomachs sampled year‐round between 2016 and 2017 using angling, gillnetting and bottom trawling, which enhanced the spatio‐temporal coverage of cod habitats. Cod diet composition in shallow areas (<20 m depth) was dominated by benthic invertebrate species, mainly the common shore crab Carcinus maneas. Compared to historic diet data from the 1960s and 1980s (limited to depth >20 m), the contribution of herring Clupea harengus decreased and round goby Neogobius melanostomus occurred as a new prey species. Statistical modelling revealed significant relationships between diet composition, catch depth, fish length and season. Generalized additive modelling identified a negative relationship between catch depth and stomach content weight, suggesting reduced food intake in winter when cod use deeper areas for spawning and during peak summer when cod tend to avoid high water temperatures. The results of this study highlight the importance of shallow coastal areas as major feeding habitats of adult cod in the western Baltic Sea, which were previously unknown because samples were restricted to deeper trawlable areas. The results strongly suggest that historic stomach analyses overestimated the role of forage fish and underestimated the role of invertebrate prey. Eventually, this study shows the importance of a comprehensive habitat coverage for unbiased stomach sampling programmes to provide a more reliable estimation of top predator diet, a key information for food web analyses and multispecies models.
Local Capacity for Emergency Births in Rural Hospitals Without Obstetrics Services
Authors: Kozhimannil Katy B. , Interrante Julia D. , Tuttle Mariana S. , Gilbertson Mary , Wharton Kristin DeArruda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRural hospitals are closing obstetric units, and limited information is available about local emergency obstetric preparedness and capacity in rural communities where hospitals do not routinely provide this care.ObjectiveTo describe emergency obstetric capacity at rural US hospitals that do not routinely offer childbirth services.MethodsData from the 2018 American Hospital Association Annual Survey were used to identify a random sample of rural hospitals that did not offer obstetric services. A survey was developed based on World Health Organization criteria for obstetric emergencies. With data collected from 69 rural hospital emergency departments (48% response rate), we analyzed local capacity to support childbirth.ResultsMost responding hospitals (65%) were located 30 or more miles away from a hospital with obstetric services. Some reported having emergency room births in the past year (28%), an unanticipated adverse birth outcome (32%), and/or a delay in urgent transport for a pregnant patient (22%). More than 90% of responding hospitals had capacity for blood transfusion, intravenous antibiotics or anticonvulsants, and basic neonatal resuscitation. However, less than one‐fifth had capacity to perform surgery (16%), remove retained products of delivery (17%), or had a policy for emergency cesarean (18%). Almost all respondents (80%) reported the need for additional training or resources to handle emergency obstetric situations.ConclusionMany rural hospitals do not have basic capacity to provide emergency obstetric services. Programs and policies to improve this may focus on surgical care, clinician and staff training, transportation, and coordination with nearby hospitals that provide obstetric services.
Risk of dietary and breastmilk exposure to mycotoxins among lactating women and infants 2–4 months in northern India
Authors: Mehta Rukshan V. , Wenndt Anthony J. , Girard Amy Webb , Taneja Sunita , Ranjan Samriddhi , Ramakrishnan Usha , Martorell Reynaldo , Ryan P. Barry , Rangiah Kannan , Young Melissa F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMycotoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites of fungi that have been linked to infant growth faltering. In this study, we quantified co‐occurring mycotoxins in breast milk and food samples from Haryana, India, and characterized determinants of exposure. Deterministic risk assessment was conducted for mothers and infants. We examined levels of eight mycotoxins (Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, M2; Ochratoxin A, B) in 100 breast milk samples (infants 2–4 months) using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) were detected in several food items (n = 298) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. We report novel data on the presence of mycotoxins in breast milk samples from India. Whereas breast milk concentrations (AFM1 median: 13.7; range: 3.9–1200 ng/L) remain low, AFM1 was detected above regulatory limits in 27% of animal milk samples. Additionally, 41% of infants were above provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) limits for AFM1 due to consumption of breast milk (mean: 3.04, range: 0.26–80.7 ng kg−1 bw day−1). Maternal consumption of breads (p < 0.05) was associated with breast milk AFM1 exposure. AFB1 (μg/kg) was detected in dried red chilies (15.7; 0–302.3), flour (3.13; 0–214.9), groundnuts (0; 0–249.1), maize (56.0; 0–836.7), pearl millet (1.85; 0–160.2), rice (0; 0–195.6), wheat (1.9; 0–196.0) and sorghum (0; 0–63.5). FB1 (mg/kg) was detected in maize (0; 0–61.4), pearl millet (0; 0–35.4) and sorghum (0.95; 0–33.2). DON was not detected in food samples. Mothers in our study exceeded PMTDI recommendations for AFB1 due to consumption of rice and flour (mean: 75.81; range: 35.2–318.2 ng kg−1 bw day−1). Our findings show the presence of Aflatoxin B1 and M1 at various levels of the food chain and in breast milk, with estimated intakes exceeding PMTDI recommendations. Aflatoxins are known carcinogens and have also been linked to stunting in children. Their presence across the food system and in breast milk is concerning, thus warranting further research to replicate and expand on our findings and to understand implications for maternal and child health.
Climatic drivers of latitudinal variation in Late Triassic tetrapod diversity
Authors: Dunne Emma M. , Farnsworth Alexander , Greene Sarah E. , Lunt Daniel J. , Butler Richard J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG), the increase in biodiversity from the poles to the equator, is one of the most widely recognized global macroecological patterns, yet its deep time evolution and drivers remain uncertain. The Late Triassic (237–201 Ma), a critical interval for the early evolution and radiation of modern tetrapod groups (e.g. crocodylomorphs, dinosaurs, mammaliamorphs), offers a unique opportunity to explore the palaeolatitudinal patterns of tetrapod diversity since it is extensively sampled spatially when compared with other pre‐Cenozoic intervals, particularly at lower palaeolatitudes. Here, we explore palaeolatitudinal patterns of Late Triassic tetrapod diversity by applying sampling standardization to comprehensive occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database (PBDB). We then use palaeoclimatic model simulations to explore the palaeoclimatic ranges occupied by major tetrapod groups, allowing insight into the influence of palaeoclimate on the palaeolatitudinal distribution of these groups. Our results show that Late Triassic tetrapods generally do not conform to a modern‐type LBG; instead, sampling‐standardized species richness is highest at mid‐palaeolatitudes. In contrast, the richness of pseudosuchians (crocodylians and their relatives) is highest at the palaeoequator, a pattern that is retained throughout their subsequent evolutionary history. Pseudosuchians generally occupied a more restricted range of palaeoclimatic conditions than other tetrapod groups, a condition analogous to modern day reptilian ectotherms, while avemetatarsalians (the archosaur group containing dinosaurs and pterosaurs) exhibit comparatively wider ranges, which is more similar to modern endotherms, such as birds and mammals, suggesting important implications for the evolution of thermal physiology in dinosaurs.