bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognize the Spatial Extent and Properties of the Hydraulic Fracture Network with Multiple Data
Authors: Dai Cheng , Chang Haibin , Fang Sidong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Multistage hydraulic fractured horizontal wells (MHFHWs) are widely used in most shale gas reservoirs around the world. Hydraulic fracturing treatment can create hydraulic fractures and activate existing natural fractures to generate a complex fracture network to significantly improve the well performance. For precise production prediction, it is critical to recongnize the spatial extent and properties of the hydraulic fracture network with multiple data such as production history, microseismic et al.
In this study, a novel method that combines the automatical history matching technology and embedded discrete fracture modeling (EDFM) is proposed for the recongnizing the spatial extent and properties of fracture network for MHFHWs. For each hydraulic fracturing stage, the fracture network is parameterized by a set of uncertain parameters, including the length of major fracture, width of the stimulated area, fracture density, fracture permeability, etc. Using these parameters, realizations of the fracture network are generated. The production predictions are obtained by running reservoir simulations with EDFM in which all fractures are embedded into a background grid system, and the automatical history matching method is applied to perform history matching. The proposed approach is validated using synthetic single- well and double-well cases. The results show that the spatial extent and properties of the hydraulic fracture network can be well recognized and that the production history can be well matched.
Considering that microseismic surveillance is often currently performed in shale gas reservoirs, the prior constraint of microseismic data is also investigated in this work. When microseismic data are available, an area with effective microseismic events for each fracturing stage is first defined. The events within the effective area are used to generate discrete fractures, and the events outside of the effective area are abandoned. Furthermore, the shape parameters of the area with effective microseismic events (wet events) are gradually modified by assimilating the production data. A real field case with microseismic data in the Sichuan Basin of China is investigated to test the performance of the proposed method. Reasonable results are obtained, thus demonstrating the robustness of the proposed approach.
Extended Limit Tests for Improved Management and Initial Dynamic Reservoir Characterization
Authors: Alcantara Ricardo , Mendez Rafael , Ruiz Alan , Samaniego Fernando , Briones Mario , Alcantara Juan Ricardo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this work is to analyze the pressure transient behavior in long or extended testing times to detect reservoir limits and to guarantee an optimal reservoir dynamic characterization that allows to understand, the real behavior of the producing formation since the beginning of its productive life, as well as ensuring timely decision-making.
For this analysis, we considered some Extended Limit Tests (ELT) in exploratory or wildcat wells and currently producing wells in developed fields, from which we found the main well productivity associated parameters, an approximation of the optimum number of wells, drainage radii, estimated reserves to recover and the detection of reservoir limits and heterogeneities. The responses obtained were compared then, the associated problems and the causes that originated them from the design, execution and finally, during the interpretation of the Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) were identified. Additionally, the present paper also attempts to propose a practical approximation for well drainage and investigation radii considering the nature of fractures in carbonates.
The importance of this work lies in improving the initial characterization of reservoirs through the analysis of Extended Limit Tests (ELT) for reaching a greater radius of investigation; correspondingly, it is intended to implement an appropriate exploitation scheme (fit for purpose) for each field according to their characteristics and behavior shown for a good reservoir management and Optimal Number of Wells (ONW) to increase the recovery factor, risk mitigation and future investments assurance.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Flodén ATODAI instrument in the North American context
Authors: Flodén Anne , Stadtler Maria , Collazo Stephanie E Jones , Mone Tom , Ash Rick , Fridlund Bengt 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Intensive and critical-care nurses are the key to successful donor management in the critical-care setting. No studies measuring attitudes toward organ donor advocacy existed before 2011, when the 51-item Swedish “Attitudes Toward Organ Donor Advocacy Scale” was developed. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and establish the psychometric properties of the North American version of the Flodén ATODAI (Attitudes Toward Organ Donor Advocacy Instrument) in terms of validity and reliability. Methods: A multi-step approach was used: Initial translation; Back-translation; Review and synthesis of these translations; Expert panel (N=7) rated the prefinal version of the instrument for content validity index (CVI); International panel made adjustments guided by the expert panel. Reliability testing with test and retest of the adjusted 46-item version was conducted using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), weighted kappa (ҡ Weight), sign test, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α), (N=50); and finally Delphi technique procedure with a preselected Delphi panel (N=15).Results: The CVI was determined to be greater than the 0.05 significance level. Item level (I-CVI) ranged 0.82-1.0, with a mean of 0.97. Scale level (S-CVI) on the entire instrument was 0.97. Test-retest procedure was performed to estimate stability. In total, 34 of the items had good-to-high ICC. Accepting an ICC of >0.70 resulted in a total of 24 items. Homogeneity reliability was estimated by α and was calculated for these items where α=0.90. In total, 20 of the items had a substantial or almost perfect ҡ Weight and 23 showed a moderate ҡ Weight. None of the items showed systematical differences. The Delphi technique procedure was used on the 22 items with ICC <0.70 resulted in adjustments establishing that consensus was achieved.Conclusions: Undertaking this multi-step, cross-cultural adaptation procedure has effectively ensured that the 46-item Flodén ATODAI [North American version] produces valid and reliable measurements.
Contemporary public image of the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elmorshedy Hala , AlAmrani Abrar , Hassan Mona Hassan Ahmed , Fayed Amel Ahmed , Albrecht Susan Ann 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the nursing profession faces significant challenges including failure to recruit high school students into nursing education; poor nursing identity, and lack of awareness about the nursing profession. The level of community awareness and public image of the nursing profession are critical to recruit and retain students into nursing education, and to improve nurses' sense of identity. Aim: to explore the level of community awareness and public image of the nursing profession in Saudi ArabiaMethods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenient sample of 502 adults including106 males and 396 females, their mean age was 22.93 ± 6.76 years. Data collected included; socio-cultural data, gender preference in getting nursing care, awareness, and perceived socio-cultural barriers to pursue a nursing career. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: Only 32.5 % preferred to get nursing care by Saudis. The nursing profession was not viewed as a respected job as 71.5% of participants would be ashamed of having a nurse in their families. The study revealed a low median knowledge score (50.0, IQR: 50.0-66.7)). The study highlighted a number of socio-cultural barriers to pursue a nursing career including; the gender-mixed working environment (35.9%), delayed marriage of female nurses (20.3%), and the negative effect of nursing profession on social life (64.5%).Conclusions: Half of the sample had a knowledge score below 50.0 out of 100. This level of Poor awareness, in addition to socio-cultural perceived barriers are the main factors contributing to the negative public image of the nursing profession in Saudi Arabia. Understanding these factors could contribute to implementing focused intervention to improve the negative stereotype of the nursing profession among Saudis.
Intermittent Kangaroo Mother Care and the Practice of Breastfeeding Late Preterm Infants: Results from Four Hospitals in Different Provinces of China
Authors: Zhang Bo , Duan Zhiying , Zhao Yingxi , Williams Sarah , Wall Stephen , Huang Limin , Zhang Xiaoqin , Wu Wenli , Yue Jieya , Zhang Lin , Liu Jun , Zhao Gengli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background China has an extremely low exclusive breastfeeding rate. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been shown to increase the exclusive breastfeeding rate among infants born extremely or very preterm. However, there is limited evidence surrounding intermittent KMC and exclusive breastfeeding in late preterm infants. In our study we investigated the association between the provision of intermittent KMC and breastfeeding practice for late preterm infants in four hospitals in different provinces of China. Methods Intermittent KMC was recommended to the mothers of all preterm infants admitted to the postnatal wards of participating hospitals between March 2018 and March 2019. Those who agreed to practice KMC were enrolled in the “KMC group”, those who did not were enrolled in the “No KMC group”. Basic maternal socio-demographic information was collected, feeding practice; outcome and method, were recorded daily whilst in hospital. A follow-up survey of feeding practice was conducted 42 days after discharge. Calculations for feeding practice were performed separately for both groups. Logistics regression was used to analyze the association between KMC and feeding outcome and method, adjusting for socio-demographic covariates. Results Among the 844 mothers participating in the study, 627 (74.3%) chose to perform KMC. More of the mothers who provided KMC were exclusively breast milk feeding their infants in the 24 hours before hospital discharge (54.6%) and at follow-up (57.3%), compared to mothers who did not provide KMC (34.6% at discharge and 33.2% at follow-up,). Mothers in the KMC group were more likely to be breastfeeding (method) than mothers in the No KMC group (65.3% vs. 52.1% at discharge, and 83.1% vs. 67.3% at follow up). Logistic regression indicated that compared with the No KMC group, mothers who provided KMC were twice as likely to be exclusively breast milk feeding their infants at discharge (OR=2.15 (95% CI 1.53, 3.02)), use breastfeeding method at discharge as opposed to other means such as bottle or cup feeding (OR=1.61 (95% CI 1.15, 2.25)), be exclusive breast milk feeding at follow-up (OR=2.55 (95% CI 1.81, 3.61)), and use breastfeeding method at follow-up (OR=2.09 (95% CI 1.44, 3.02)). Conclusions Intermittent KMC was associated with a nearly doubled increase in exclusive breast milk feeding (outcome) and breastfeeding (method) at both discharge and 42 days after discharge for late preterm infants. This is especially important in China where exclusive breastfeeding rates are low, intermittent KMC provides a feasible means to increase the likelihood of these vulnerable infants receiving the benefits of exclusive breastmilk.
Antibacterial effect of silver nanorings
Authors: González-Fernández Sara , Lozano-Iturbe Víctor , García Beatriz , Andrés Luis J. , Menéndez Mª Fe , Rodríguez David , Vazquez Fernando , Martín Carla , Quiros Luis M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The emergence and expansion of antibiotic resistance makes it necessary to have alternative anti-infective agents, among which silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) display especially interesting properties. AgNPs carry out their antibacterial action through various molecular mechanisms, and the magnitude of the observed effect is dependent on multiple, not fully understood, aspects, particle shape being one of the most important. In this article, we conduct a study of the antibacterial effect of a recently described type of AgNP: silver nanorings (AgNRs), making comparisons with other alternative types of AgNP synthesized in parallel using the same methodology.Results: When they act on planktonic forms, AgNRs produce a smaller effect on the viability of different bacteria than nanoparticles with other structures although their effect on growth is more intense over a longer period. When their action on biofilms is analyzed, AgNRs show a greater concentration-dependent effect. In both cases it was observed that the effect on inhibition depends on the microbial species, but not its Gram positive or negative nature. Growth patterns in silver-resistant Salmonella strains suggest that AgNRs work through different mechanisms to other AgNPs. The antibacterial effect is also produced to some extent by the conditioning of culture media or water by contact with AgNPs but, at least over short periods of time, this is not due to the release of Ag ions.Conclusions: AgNRs constitute a new type of AgNP, whose antibacterial properties depend on their shape, and is capable of acting efficiently on both planktonic bacteria and biofilms.
Higher toenail selenium is associated with increased insulin resistance risk in omnivores, but not in vegetarians
Authors: Gu Qiuyun , Cui Xueying , Du Kun , Wang Bian , Cai Wei , Tang Qingya , Shen Xiuhua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The relationship between selenium (Se) and insulin resistance remains unclear. We aim to explore the association between toenail Se levels and insulin resistance through a cross-sectional study comprising Chinese vegetarians and matched omnivores. Methods In this study, we enrolled 220 vegetarians and 220 omnivores matched by age and sex from Shanghai. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was used to measure toenail Se levels. Dietary Se intakes were assessed by the 24-hour dietary recall method. Blood samples were collected to measure fasting blood glucose level and fasting insulin concentrations. Insulin resistance index（HOMA-IR）and insulin secretion index（HOMA-B）were calculated to evaluate insulin resistance. Multi-linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between toenail Se levels and insulin resistance, after adjusting for confounders. Results The mean ages of vegetarians (76 vegans, 144 lacto-ovo-vegetarians) and omnivores were 35.96±8.73years and 35.23±8.93 years, respectively. Of these, 180 (81.8%) were female and 40 (18.2%) were male. No association was found between toenail Se levels and insulin resistance in vegetarians. However, the concentration of Se in toenails was positively correlated with fasting insulin levels ( β =1.030, 95% CI : 0.393 to 1.667) and HOMA-IR ( β =0.245, 95% CI : 0.098 to 0.392) in omnivores, after multivariate adjustment for age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, income, and daily dietary intakes (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and fiber). This positive relationship persisted only in omnivores whose dietary Se intake was above 60 μg/d. Conclusions Higher toenail Se levels were associated with increased insulin resistance risk in Chinese omnivores whose dietary Se intake was above 60 μg/d, but not in vegetarians. These findings create awareness on the association of dietary Se intake above 60 μg/d with the risk of insulin resistance.
Pre-stroke adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern is associated with lower acute ischemic stroke severity: A cross-sectional analysis of a prospective hospital-register study
Authors: Lavados Pablo M. , Mazzon Enrico , Rojo Alexis , Brunser Alejandro M. , Olavarría Verónica V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: High adherence to a Mediterranean Diet is associated with reduced incidence and mortality of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) but may also be associated with severity. Our purpose was to investigate the association of adherence to a Mediterranean diet and severity in a prospective hospital register of AIS patients. Methods: We included AIS patients admitted from February 2017 to July 2019. All were assessed by a neurologist with a standard stroke protocol, including NIHSS. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was prospectively measured by the 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and defined as low (0-6 points) or high (7-14 points). Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared by group with univariate analysis. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to investigate the association of admission NIHSS as a continuous ordinal variable and an ordinal logistic regression (OLR) analysis to determine the independent association of the NIHSS quartiles with adherence to Mediterranean diet. Results: 368 patients were included, mean age 68.3 (17.7), 158 (42.9%) females. The median NIHSS score was 3 (IQR 1-9) and the median MEDAS score was 6 (IQR 4.5-8). Patients with high MEDAS scores had significantly lower; admission NIHSS scores, sedentary lifestyle, body mass index, total and LDL cholesterol levels, but higher alcohol consumption. After adjustments, high adherence to Mediterranean diet remained independently associated with lower stroke severity both in the GLM (β coefficient = -0.19, p=0.01) and in the OLR model (OR for lower NIHSS quartiles 0.6 (95% CI 0.37-0.98, p=0.04). Conclusions: Higher pre-stroke adherence to a Mediterranean diet is independently associated with lower AIS severity.
Socioeconomic status, social capital, health risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life among Chinese older adults
Authors: Yang Ying , Wang Shizhen , Chen Lei , Luo Mi , Xue Lina , Cui Dan , Mao Zongfu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: There is limited knowledge on the mediating role of different health risk behaviors on the relationship between social capital, socioeconomic status (SES), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese elderly. We conducted this study to (a) investigate the condition of health risk behaviors of Chinese elderly, and (b) assess the relationship between SES, social capital, health risk behaviors, and HRQoL. Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study between January and March 2018. Participants’ demographic characteristics, SES (education level, family income), and health risk behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, unhealthy weight, and sleep disorder) were collected. Social capital and HRQoL were assessed by the 16-item Personal Social Capital Scale (PSCS-16) and WHOQOL-Old, respectively. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to assess the associations between variables. Results: A total of 4,868 adults aged 60 years and older were included in this study. The proportion of smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, unhealthy weight, and sleep disorder were 32.1%, 36.3%, 62.5%, 45.7%, 31.8%, and 45.5%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in education level, family income, and social capital between elderly individuals with and without each of the six health risk behavior (all p -values < 0.05). Elderly individuals who reported smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, and sleep disorder had significant lower HRQoL (all p -values < 0.05). SEM analysis showed that SES and social capital positively associated with alcohol consumption. Social capital negatively associated with smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, and sleep disorder. SES negatively associated with smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, unhealthy weight, and sleep disorder. Smoking, physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary behavior, and sleep disorder correlated with poorer HRQoL. Conclusions: Chinese older adults demonstrated a high incidence of health risk behaviors, especially for physical inactivity (62.5%) and unhealthy dietary behavior (45.7%). Social capital and SES were correlated with the elderly’s HRQoL, as well as with different health risk behaviors. Health risk behaviors played potential mediating role on the relationship of social capital, SES, and elderly health.
Anchor free object detection with mask attention
Authors: Yang HE , Fan Beibei , Guo Ling ling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The anchor-free method based on key point detection has made great progress. However, the anchor-free method is too dependent on using a convolutional network to generate a rough heat map. This is difficult to detect for objects with a large size variation and dense and overlapping objects. To solve this problem, first, we propose a mask attention mechanism for object detection methods. And make full use of the advantages of the attention mechanism to improve the accuracy of network detection heat map generation. Then, we designed an optimized fire model to reduce the size of the model. The fire model is an extension of grouped convolution. The fire model allows each group of convolutional network features to learn the same feature through purposeful grouping. In this paper, the mask attention mechanism uses object segmentation images to guide the generation of corner heat maps. Our approach achieved an accuracy of 91.84% and a recall 89.83% in the Tencent-100K dataset. Compared with the popular object detection methods, the proposed method has advantages in model size and accuracy.
The effect of treatment with a non-invasive foot worn biomechanical device on subjective and objective measures in patients with knee osteoarthritis- A retrospective analysis on a UK population
Authors: Miles Christopher , Greene Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis is a major cause of pain and disability worldwide, therefore ways of treating this condition are paramount to a successful health system. The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes in spatial-temporal gait parameters and clinical measurements following treatment with a non-invasive foot-worn biomechanical device on patients with knee osteoarthritis within the UK. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 455 patients with knee osteoarthritis. All patients were evaluated using a computerized gait test and two self-assessment questionnaires (WOMAC and SF-36) at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. The biomechanical device is a shoe-like device with convex pods under the sole that have the capability of changing foot centre of pressure and training neuromuscular control. The device was individually calibrated for each patient to minimise symptoms whilst walking and train neuromuscular control. Patients used the device for short periods during activities of daily living. Repeated measures statistical analyses were performed to compare differences over time.Results: After 6 months of treatment significant improvements were seen in all gait parameters (p<0.01). Specifically, gait velocity, step length and single limb support of the more symptomatic knee improved by 13%, 7.8% and 3%, respectively. These were supported by significant improvements in pain, function and quality of life (48.6%, 45.7% and 22% respectively; p<0.001). A sub-group analysis revealed no baseline differences between those who were recommended joint replacement and those who were not. Both groups improved significantly over time (p<0.05 for all).Conclusions: Our results suggest that the personalised biomechanical treatment can improve gait patterns, pain, function and quality of life. It may provide an additional solution to managing UK patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis but needs to be tested in a controlled setting first.