bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semantic Network Differences Across Engineering Design Communication Methods
Authors: Lopez Christian E. , Zhao Zixuan V. , Tucker Conrad S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Engineering designers have a variety of methods at their disposal when it comes to communicating an idea (e.g., Linguistic, Pictorial, Virtual). Studies have explored how these methods affect the idea generation process, revealing that some methods can induce design fixation and reduce creativity. Moreover, studies reveal that depending on the communication methods and a receiver’s familiarity with the idea conveyed, the amount of relevant information transmitted could vary. Hence, based on previous studies, it is hypothesized that different communication methods and a receiver’s familiarity can impact a receiver’s ability to construct and interpret the information conveyed. To test this hypothesis, an experiment is conducted in which multiple methods are used to communicate different product ideas to individuals (N = 370). Participants are asked to describe the products in their own words and provide details about their functions. A text-mining approach is used to analyze the semantic structure of their responses. The results reveal that dissemination methods affect the consistency of participants’ responses, as well as the diversity of words used to describe a product idea or its functions. This knowledge can help designers in the selection of an appropriate method, given the design intention and help them leverage different methods to maximize communication effectiveness during the different stages of the design process.
Playing a Musical Saw With a Humanoid Robot: Investigation for Industrial Automation
Authors: Mishima Akira , Fuke Yusuke , Miura Atsuyuki , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to automate the dual-arm coordination of a humanoid robot when using a musical saw as a percussion instrument to produce a target sound. We examined the striking motion of the robot using its elastic stiffness, the change in vibration caused by the striking tool resulting from the robot arm-applied force on the saw, and dual arm cooperative motion based on striking sound feedback. To accomplish this, the frequency characteristics of the musical saw and the location of sound generation were determined. Based on the characteristics of the striking task and using an acoustic recognition system, we then developed an impact sound feedback system that could provide performance control of the two humanoid robot arms. The results indicate that humanoid robot can play the musical saw by controlling the curvature freely to achieve target sounds.
Mechanism Singularities Revisited From an Algebraic Viewpoint
Authors: Li Zijia , Mueller Andreas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It has become obvious that certain singular phenomena cannot be explained by a mere investigation of the configuration space, defined as the solution set of the loop closure equations. For example, it was observed that a particular 6R linkage, constructed by combination of two Goldberg 5R linkages, exhibits kinematic singularities at a smooth point in its configuration space. Such problems are addressed in this paper. To this end, an algebraic framework is used in which the constraints are formulated as polynomial equations using Study parameters. The algebraic object of study is the ideal generated by the constraint equations (the constraint ideal).
Using basic tools from commutative algebra and algebraic geometry (primary decomposition, Hilbert’s Nullstellensatz), the special phenomenon is related to the fact that the constraint ideal is not a radical ideal. With a primary decomposition of the constraint ideal, the associated prime ideal of one primary ideal contains strictly into the associated prime ideal of another primary ideal which also gives the smooth configuration curve. This analysis is extended to shaky and kinematotropic linkages, for which examples are presented.
A Model for Vehicular Interactions Extracted From Real-World Traffic Data
Authors: Patel Jay , Karamouzas Ioannis , Ayalew Beshah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the advent of connected and automated vehicles, naturalistic traffic modeling is becoming increasingly important for the purposes of congestion control via cooperative driving and intelligent traffic management. The focus of this paper is to develop a data-driven traffic interaction model which can help in the development of multi-agent automated driving control schemes that mimic and blend with other human-driven vehicles. To that end, a probabilistic data analysis approach is used to derive an energy function that describes interactions between vehicles on highways. These interactions arise from the psychophysics of humans driving the vehicles. The analysis suggests the existence of a simple interaction law between human-driven vehicles that is based on the expected time it takes for the vehicles to collide. The approach taken in this paper helps in analyzing probable states that the individual vehicles in the traffic would have, thereby facilitating the development of intelligent traffic management tools that account for individual vehicle states.
Optimization of a 2DOF Positioning Stage Using Corrugated Flexure Units Under Stress Constraints
Authors: Wang Nianfeng , Yue Fan , Li Canran , Zhang Xianmin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper introduces the design optimization for micro-positioning stage using corrugated flexure (CF) units under stress constraints. The stress state is solved and the maximum displacement under stress constraints is deduced. The natural frequency formula of the micro-positioning stage is further derived from the results of the stiffness matrix. Finally, the stage configurations corresponding to the maximum displacement are optimized by restricting the off-axis/axial stiffness ratio and natural frequency of the stage.
Model Based Root Cause Analysis of Manufacturing Quality Problems Using Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Otto Kevin , Mosqueda Josefina Sanchez 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Diagnosing faulty performance deviations of electro-mechanical systems can be difficult, given the multitude of components and features which could contribute as root causes. Yet this is often a problem in manufacturing, where only some of the units built do not meet performance requirements only some of the time. In this context, product and process simulation studies can aid in diagnosis. This paper aims to develop a practical workflow and toolchain to guide use of uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis methods for root cause analysis of manufacturing processes. This approach offers more rapid diagnosis than the typical approach using some form of iterative experimentation such as Red-X, fault tree analysis and when in high volume production, statistical analysis and potentially machine learning. Here, part processes, features and assembly deviations are used as inputs to product performance simulation to understand their detrimental impact. The large set of possible process inputs can be systematically varied and contributions to system performance deviation computed. To do this simply using uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis is impractical, as the problem is too large. Rather, a sequential refinement workflow is developed to define the problem and possible causes, understand ability model causes, screen causal variables, and then apply quasi-Monte-Carlo uncertainty quantification sampling and global sensitivity analysis. This provides computational guidance to ascertain which manufacturing process inputs are more likely causes of performance deviations on manufactured units.
Heuristic Approach for Warehouse Resources and Production Planning Optimization: An Industry Case Study
Authors: Rosetti Roberto , Sturari Mirco , Frontoni Emanuele , Loncarski Jelena , Cicchitti Anselmo , Iavazzo Enrico , Gualtieri Diego 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Industrial sector for production of manufacturing machinery and equipment is a very competitive and difficult market to deal with. Difficulties increase in areas that involves the design, manufacturing and assembly of large production machines. In fact, in this case the effort to produce a single item is much bigger in time, money and resources with respect to other areas. Long time for production paired with a not accurate usage of internal resources can produce a large number of unused components and semi-finished products. This paper presents a real case study of a company leader in the designing and manufacturing machinery for disposable hygienic products and highly automated liquid filling integrated systems. Each product is a huge assembly of components and semi-finished products and many of them are not used for production even if they are stored in company’s warehouses. This is due to the logistic and human factors that can be managed and corrected. In this paper a math-heuristic approach for warehouse resources and components procurement optimization is presented. A real instance related to a commission has been solved and results are presented and analyzed.
Computational Design of Active Lattice Structures for 4D Printed Pneumatic Shape Morphing
Authors: du Pasquier Cosima , Koller Pascal , Stankovic Tino , Shea Kristina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With advances in 3D printing and digital fabrication an opportunity is presented to realize highly customized designs whose shape can change and adapt to facilitate their functionality. A computational design method to determine the configuration of 2D pneumatic shape morphing lattices using a direct search method is implemented and assessed. The method is tested using a Kagome unit cell lattice structure, which is particularly well suited for shape morphing. To achieve shape change, beams are replaced by linear actuators such as those found in pneumatic 4D printing, whose number and placement are optimized to replicate a given target shape. The actuator placement and deformation accuracy are given for four main curvature changes: linear, convex, concave and the transition from one to the other. The results are assessed in terms accuracy of deformation and computational effort. It is shown that the method proposed produces structures that can replicate complex shape changes within 1% of the desired shape. Reducing the number of actuators for robustness purposes is shown to affect the results minimally.
Stylization for Gear Tooth Surfaces With Different Machining Processes Using Graphic Analysis
Authors: Hongu Junichi , Noborio Hiroki , Koide Takao , Tamura Atsutaka 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study proposes a stylization method for gear tooth surface using slices of 2-dimensional spectrum. Focusing on a contour (or a slice in the z direction) of the curved surface generated by the 2-dimensinal spectrum, we could approximate the contour to a closed curve, and obtain the ‘scale’ parameter and the ‘shape’ parameter such as a radius, an aspect ratio, etc. which form the closed curve. To determine the flexibility of the proposed method for stylizing the surface texture of gear, this paper shows the approximating the 2-dimensional spectrums which are obtained by frequency analysis of the surface textures of gears with different machining processes using closed curve. As a result of the template matching using astroid, it was found that the astroid can approximate the contour of the 2-dimensinal power spectrum of the gear tooth surface with five machining processes, hob, generation grinding, form grinding, hone and barrel.
Measuring and Optimizing Design Variety Using Herfindahl Index
Authors: Ahmed Faez , Ramachandran Sharath Kumar , Fuge Mark , Hunter Sam , Miller Scarlett 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new design variety metric based on the Herfindahl index. We also propose a practical procedure for comparing variety metrics via the construction of ground truth datasets from pairwise comparisons by experts. Using two new datasets, we show that this new variety measure aligns with human ratings more than some existing and commonly used tree-based metrics. This metric also has three main advantages over existing metrics: a) It is a super-modular function, which enables us to optimize design variety using a polynomial time greedy algorithm. b) The parametric nature of this metric allows us to fit the metric to better represent variety for new domains. c) It has higher sensitivity in distinguishing between variety of sets of randomly selected designs than existing methods. Overall, our results shed light on some qualities that good design variety metrics should possess and the non-trivial challenges associated with collecting the data needed to measure those qualities.
Optimal Camera Configuration for 3D Scanning of Human Hand
Authors: Yang Yusheng , Elkhuizen Willemijn S. , Hou Tao , Essers Tessa T. W. , Song Yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fast, accurate and low-cost 3D scans are the key in designing personalized products. In this paper, using close-range photogrammetry technique, we aim at finding the “just enough” number of cameras and their spatial configurations for a full 3D reconstruction of the human hand. Given an object, we establish a mathematical model to describe the 3D constructible ratio based on the field of the view and the depth of field of each camera, as well as the visibility of each part of the object in the view of each camera. Furthermore, we introduce spatial constrains to arrange cameras along two rings for: 1) solving the problem of the large number of parameters in the unconstrained optimization, and 2) the feasibility and flexibility in the construction. Based on the found number of cameras and the spatial configuration of each camera, a prototype scanner was built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The mean absolute error between the 3D scan of a 3D printed hand and its original CAD model was found to be 0.38mm, which is smaller than that (0.52mm) of using the conventional setup. Besides, the distribution of errors is smaller as well, which implicates a better full 3D reconstruction of the scanned hand.
Real-Time Optimal Control of the Gearshift Schedule for Dual Clutch Transmissions
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Wan Yougang , Yang Kunyu , Qin Datong , Hu Minghui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to improve the fuel economy of vehicles equipped with a dual clutch transmission, this paper proposes a real-time gearshift schedule optimization method based on dynamic programming (DP) and future vehicle speed prediction. The global condition information is necessary for DP algorithm, which makes it difficult to be applied to the real-time control of vehicles. Therefore, BP neural network optimized by genetic algorithm (GA-BP) is utilized to predict future speed information in the research, and the results of speed prediction are introduced into DP problem solving process to realize real-time application of DP optimization in gear decision-making. Simulation results on a fuel vehicle with seven-speed dual clutch transmission using different gear decision-making methods under multiple driving cycles are presented. The results indicate that compared with the case of an empirical economy gearshift strategy, additional fuel can be saved. Furthermore, computational effort for the proposed method is little enough, which guarantees the real-time performance of DP gearshift schedule optimization.
Dynamics Simulation and Control Design of Gun Adjustment for Nonlinear Multibody System of Multiple Launch Rocket System
Authors: Miao Yunfei , Wang Guoping , Rui Xiaoting , Tu Tianxiong , Gu Lilin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The dynamics simulation of the processing of the gun adjustment for multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) as a complex nonlinear multibody system is studied. Based on the new version of transfer matrix method for multibody system (MSTMM), the nonlinear multibody system dynamics model of MLRS is established, and the overall transfer equation of the nonlinear multibody system is deduced. The launch dynamics simulation of MLRS is carried out by combining the general kinematics equations of rocket and Monte Carlo method, and the simulated results are verified by experiments. On this basis, the control design and dynamics simulation of the gun adjustment of MLRS has been preliminary studied by combing MSTMM with PD control method. The results show that the proposed control method has a good stability and can realize the automatic control of gun adjustment of MLRS quickly and accurately.
Analyzing the Effect of Prestressing Forces on Selective Compliant Mechanisms: A Case Study
Authors: Mauser Kristian , Friese Jan , Hasse Alexander 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Once it is designed, the stiffness of a compliant mechanism is not intended to be changed in order to adapt to special operation conditions. Nevertheless, various operation tasks e.g. mechanical grippers, would benefit from such a feature. The effect of axial compression forces, however, is well known to reduce the transverse stiffness of beam-like structures. This paper deals with the effect of prestressing forces on compliant mechanisms. For this purpose, a mathematical description for a modal analysis of compliant mechanisms — based on the author’s former publications — is presented first. Building on this and using a compliant mechanism with one desired translational motion as example, the effect of prestressing forces on the desired deformation and its related stiffness value is analyzed using conventional methods which are based on the Bernoulli-Euler beam equation. However, these methods do not usually consider the undesirable deformations of a mechanism. The modal analysis mentioned above is therefore used in order to examine the effect of prestressing forces on both the desired and undesired deformations. In this analysis, two different compliant mechanisms in several load cases are examined.
Investigating Usability of an Innovation Management Decision Aid
Authors: Gendreau Elizabeth , Summers Joshua D. , Benhayoun-Sadafiyine Lamiae , Le Dain Marie-Anne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Initial usability testing was used to identify and fix usability concerns within a recently developed absorptive capacity assessment tool. The tool was designed to aid innovation management decision making by helping firms understand their processing of external knowledge within the context of a collaborative innovation network. Part of the recent development of the tool involved the implementation of Simos-Roy-Figueira’s revised method for eliciting subjective importance weights. However, the method, as it was applied within the tool, suffered from poor usability that could not be fully addressed. This paper presents a study on the usability of the tool further by conducting additional think-aloud studies to better understand its nature. Five common attributes of usability (efficiency, effectiveness, satisfaction, learnability, and usefulness) were characterized based on the findings from the think-aloud studies in order to develop a list of recommendations for improving usability. The goal of these recommendations is to help future academic developers of decision aid tools to better consider usability in their own work to maximize the impact and dissemination of their research.
A Novel 1-DOF Deployable Mechanism for Parabolic Cylindrical Surface Approximation
Authors: Xiao Hang , Lu Shengnan , Ding Xilun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a novel deployable mechanism for approximating the parabolic cylindrical surface. The proposed mechanism, which can deploy and fold synchronously in the radial and axial directions, is constructed by double four-bar linkages and scissor linkages. In the fully deployed configuration, the mechanism can approximate a cylindrical surface. It can also be folded compactly into a bundle. The radial and axial deployable mechanisms are described and their position kinematics are solved. A synchronous mechanism is designed to ensure the synchronous movement of the radial and axial mechanisms. Geometric parameters of the mechanism for approximating a given parabolic cylindrical surface are obtained. The magnification ratio of the designed mechanism is calculated. The best choice of actuator is determined through static-load analysis.
Flash Temperature Analysis Method for Polymer Gears With Consideration of Deviations in Meshing Kinematics
Authors: Cerne Borut , Zorko Damijan , Duhovnik Joze , Tavcar Joze , Zavbi Roman 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The presented work describes a computational method for carrying out a detailed and thorough examination of the flash temperature rise (i.e. the local ‘instantaneous’ temperature increase on a contact interface, due to frictional effects) present on the tooth flanks of a polymer gear pair, composed of a combination of POM and PA66 thermoplastics, during a given meshing cycle. The method involves a decoupled sequential procedure, where first the mechanical response of the gear teeth during a whole meshing cycle is analyzed using finite element analysis and, subsequently, a semi-analytical thermal analysis procedure is employed, with which the local flash temperature rise under a given tooth-pair contact can be evaluated. The method provides an accurate reproduction of the actual thermo-mechanical processes taking place at the gear teeth contact interfaces and allows for an investigation of the influence of deviations in the gear flank geometry and gear tolerances, while retaining a manageable enough form for application with moderate computational resources.
Dynamic Analysis of the 3-RRPS Metamorphic Parallel Mechanism Based on Instantaneous Screw Axis
Authors: Nurahmi Latifah , Gan Dongming 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The 3-rRPS metamorphic parallel mechanism can change its configurations thanks to the reconfigurable (rR) joint. The analysis in this paper will focus on one specific configuration where the moving-platform is able to perform 2-dof coupled rotational motions and 1-dof translational motion, which is well-known as 1T2R motion. In this configuration, the mechanism has two types of operation modes, i.e. x0 = 0 and x3 = 0, which have been extensively studied by many researchers. However, the dynamic behaviours of the mechanism in those two operation modes have not been studied. Accordingly, this paper presents the dynamic analysis of the 3-rRPS metamorphic parallel mechanism in both operation modes based on the Instantaneous Screw Axis (ISA). The types of operation mode are initially characterized by means of Euler-Quaternion parameters. The time derivative of transformation matrix is performed in each operation mode and the ISA can be determined. By using the ISA, velocities and accelerations of all points on the moving-platform can be evaluated, which become the foundation of the dynamic analysis in this paper. This approach can be applied to parallel mechanisms having multiple operation modes of different mobility.
Mesh Stiffness Calculation of Spur Gears With Tooth Surface Crack
Authors: Zhang Luke , Shao Yimin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Tooth surface crack is an early fault before spalling, which has an important influence on mesh stiffness and vibration characteristics of the gear system. However, the researches on tooth surface crack are limited as scholars pay little attention to this early fault. In this study, an analytical model of spur gears with tooth surface crack is established. Using the potential energy method, the equations for mesh stiffness calculation of spur gears with tooth surface crack are derived. By adopting the proposed model, the influences of tooth surface crack fault on mesh stiffness of gear tooth are studied. The relationship between tooth surface crack and mesh stiffness of gear tooth under different lengths and depths can be further calculated. This study provides a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of early failure of spalling.