bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of varenicline alone versus in combination with nicotine lozenges for smoking cessation among hospitalised smokers (VANISH): study protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Gobarani Rukshar Kaizerali , Abramson Michael J , Bonevski Billie , Weeks Gregory R , Dooley Michael J , Smith Brian J , Veale Antony , Webb Ashley , Kirsa Sue , Thomas Dennis , Miller Alistair , Gasser Rudi , Paul Eldho , Parkinson Jacqueline , Meanger Darshana , Coward Lisa , Kopsaftis Zoe , Rofe Olivia , Lee Paula , George Johnson 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionSmoking is a leading cause of premature deaths globally. The health benefits of smoking cessation are many. However, majority of quit attempts are unsuccessful. One way to potentially improve success rates is to evaluate new combinations of existing smoking cessation therapies that may work synergistically to decrease the intensity of withdrawal symptoms and cravings.AimsTo evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of the combination of varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) lozenges versus varenicline alone in assisting hospitalised smokers to quit.Methods and analysisThis is a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Adults with a history of smoking ≥10 cigarettes per day on average in the 4 weeks prior to their hospitalisation will be recruited. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group and will receive varenicline and NRT lozenges, or the control group and will receive varenicline and placebo lozenges. All participants will be actively referred to behavioural support from telephone Quitline. Participants are followed up at 1 and 3 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months from the start of treatment. The primary outcome is carbon monoxide validated prolonged abstinence from 2 weeks to 6 months after treatment initiation. Secondary outcomes include self-reported and biochemically validated prolonged and point prevalence abstinence at 3, 6 and 12 months, self-reported adverse events, withdrawal symptoms and cravings, adherence to treatment, Quitline sessions attended and others. According to the Russell Standard, all randomised participants will be accounted for in the primary intention-to-treat analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe trial will be conducted in compliance with the protocol, the principles of Good Clinical Practice, the National Health and Medical Research Council National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (updated 2015) and the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2018). Approval will be sought from the Human Ethics Committees of all the participating hospitals and the university. Written informed consent will be obtained from each participant at the time of recruitment.Trial registration numberAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001792213).
Hydrocolloid dressing as a prophylactic use for hand–foot skin reaction induced by multitargeted kinase inhibitors: protocol of a phase 3 randomised self-controlled study
Authors: Zenda Sadamoto , Ryu Asako , Takashima Atsuo , Arai Michiko , Takagi Yusuke , Miyaji Tempei , Mashiko Tomoe , Shimizu Yoichi , Yamazaki Naoya , Morizane Chigusa , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Kawaguchi Takashi , Hanai Akiko , Uchitomi Yosuke , Oshiba Fukuko 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionAlthough topical use of moisturisers is slightly effective for the prevention and avoiding the aggravation of hand–foot syndrome induced by multikinase inhibitors, there is still room for improvement. Hydrocolloid dressing is a type of wound dressing often used for wounds such as decubitus ulcers. The purpose of this study is to verify the usefulness of application of hydrocolloid dressings as prophylaxis against development of hand–foot syndrome induced by multikinase inhibitors by comparing the effects of this dressing and standard supportive care (moisturising care alone) within the same individuals.MethodsThis study is a phase 3 randomised, self-controlled study to compare prophylactic moisturising care with or without hydrocolloid dressing for hand–foot syndrome induced by multikinase inhibitors. Patients with radically unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal carcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumour and hepatocellular carcinoma who scheduled to receive regorafenib or sorafenib therapy are eligible for enrolment.Supportive care for hand–foot syndrome will consist of basic moisturising care with or without hydrocolloid dressing. If hand–foot syndrome occurs, a steroid ointment will be applied two times per day at the affected sites. The primary endpoint is an incidence rate of grade 2 or more severe hand–foot syndrome (soles of the feet only) assessed by National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V.4.0. Grading of hand–foot syndrome will be performed by central review using photographs taken weekly by blinded trained physicians. The ethical approval was obtained from National Cancer Center Hospital. The results of this study will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals and the key findings will be presented at international scientific conference.DiscussionIf the positive results are found in this study, it is shown that hydrocolloid dressing is effective not only as a symptom management but also as a prevention in hand–foot syndrome induced by multikinase.Trial statusThe enrolment was started in January 2019, and planned to closed in January 2021. As of February 2020, 26 patients enrolled in this study.Trial registration numberUMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000034853).Protocol versionV.1.4, 9 January 2020.
Study protocol: azithromycin therapy for chronic lung disease of prematurity (AZTEC) - a randomised, placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin for the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity in preterm infants
Authors: Lowe John , Gillespie David , Hubbard Marie , Zhang Lei , Kirby Nigel , Pickles Timothy , Thomas-Jones Emma , Turner Mark A , Klein Nigel , Marchesi Julian R , Hood Kerenza , Berrington Janet , Kotecha Sailesh 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionChronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD), also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is a cause of significant respiratory morbidity in childhood and beyond. Coupled with lung immaturity, infections (especially byUreaplasmaspp) are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLD through promotion of pulmonary inflammation. Azithromycin, which is a highly effective againstUreaplasmaspp also has potent anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, azithromycin therapy may improve respiratory outcomes by targeting infective and inflammatory pathways. Previous trials using macrolides have not been sufficiently powered to definitively assess CLD rates. To address this, the azithromycin therapy for chronic lung disease of prematurity (AZTEC) trial aims to determine if a 10-day early course of intravenous azithromycin improves rates of survival without CLD when compared with placebo with an appropriately powered study.Methods and analysis796 infants born at less than 30 weeks’ gestational age who require at least 2 hours of continuous respiratory support within the first 72 hours following birth are being enrolled by neonatal units in the UK. They are being randomised to receive a double-blind, once daily dose of intravenous azithromycin (20 mg/kg for 3 days, followed by 10 mg/kg for a further 7 days), or placebo. CLD is being assessed at 36 weeks’ PMA. Whether colonisation withUreaplasmaspp prior to randomisation modifies the treatment effect of azithromycin compared with placebo will also be investigated. Secondary outcomes include necrotising enterocolitis, intraventricular/cerebral haemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity and nosocomial infections, development of antibiotic resistance and adverse reactions will be monitored.Ethics and disseminationEthics permission has been granted by Wales Research Ethics Committee 2 (Ref 18/WA/0199), and regulatory permission by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (Clinical Trials Authorisation reference 21323/0050/001–0001). The study is registered on ISRCTN (ISRCTN11650227). The study is overseen by an independent Data Monitoring Committee and an independent Trial Steering Committee. We shall disseminate our findings via national and international peer-reviewed journals, and conferences. A summary of the findings will also be posted on the trial website.
Implementing the Patient Health Questionnaire Modified for Adolescents to improve screening for depression among adolescents in a Federally Qualified Health Centre
Authors: Mansour Mohamed , Krishnaprasadh Dharshana , Lichtenberger Janice , Teitelbaum Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundDepression, which is a serious medical illness, is prevalent worldwide and it negatively impacts the adolescent lifestyle. Adolescent depression is associated with adverse emotional and functional outcomes and suboptimal physical health. Over the last decade, it has been found that approximately 9% of teenagers meet the criteria for depression at any given time, and one in five teenagers have a history of depression during adolescence. Ninety per cent of paediatricians believe that recognition of child and adolescent depression is their responsibility; however, it has been reported that 46% lacked confidence that they could recognise depression.MethodsIn this study, adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age were screened during their well-child visits using the Patient Health Questionnaire Modified for Adolescents. A score of 10 or higher warrants a referral to a social worker and psychiatrist. The goals of this quality improvement project were to implement a standardised questionnaire and to improve the screening, diagnosis and treatment of depression in children from 12 to 17 years of age.ResultsIt was found that the adolescent depression screening rate significantly improved within 6 months of implementing this quality improvement project. The screening rate improved to 50% by mid-cycle (Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle 3) and up to 70% at the end of the 6-month period (PDSA cycle 5). Improvement was noted among all providers, across all age groups, and in both male and female patients by the end of the study period.ConclusionStandardised screening tests with a scoring system help providers to identify and monitor depression symptoms using a common language, especially in the outpatient clinical setting where the patient may be seen by different providers.
Suspected phenobarbital‐induced anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome in a cat
Authors: Chen Siyu , Peng Yujia , Xia Zhaofei , Li Gebin 
Published: October 2020

A six‐month‐old, uncastrated, male American shorthair cat was diagnosed with most likely primary epilepsy by history, laboratory examination and MRI. After 10 days of treatment with phenobarbital and levetiracetam, the cat developed inappetence and generalised lymphadenopathy. Cytological examination of the mandibular lymph nodes revealed hyperplastic and reactive lymph nodes. Based on patient history, clinical signs and laboratory test results, the signs may have been caused by antiepileptic drugs instead of lymphoma. Within seven days after cessation of phenobarbital, the cat’s mentation and skin oedema improved, and the lymph nodes were back to normal size. This is the first report of anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome caused by phenobarbital in a cat in China.
Emergent hydrodynamics in microscopic modeling of early stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Bravina L. V. , Zabrodin E. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTime evolution of hot and dense nuclear matter produced in central gold-gold collisions at energies between $$E_{lab} = 10$$

E

lab

=
10

and 160 AGeV is studied within two transport string models, UrQMD and QGSM. In contrast to the previous studies, here we investigate the macroscopic characteristics of the system before the state of chemical and thermal equilibrium is attained. For all energies in question two interesting observations are made for times starting already from $$t \ge 1$$

t
≥
1

fm/c. (1) The matter in the cell expands almost isentropically with nearly constant entropy per baryon. (2) Pressure in the cell appears to be very close to the pressure calculated for equilibrated hadron gas with the same values of energy density, baryon density and strangeness density. The pressure linearly depends on the energy density, $$P = a(\sqrt{s}) \varepsilon $$

P
=
a
(

s

)
ε

. Therefore, both observations endorses the formal application of relativistic hydrodynamics from the very early stages of heavy-ion collisions, despite of the fact that the matter in the fireball is out of equilibrium.
A new approach to modelling elastic and inelastic photon-initiated production at the LHC: SuperChic 4
Authors: Harland-Lang L. A. , Tasevsky M. , Khoze V. A. , Ryskin M. G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe present the results of the new Monte Carlo implementation of photon-initiated production in proton–proton collisions, considering as a first example the case of lepton pair production. This is based on the structure function calculation of the underlying process, and focusses on a complete account of the various contributing channels, including the case where a rapidity gap veto is imposed. We provide a careful treatment of the contributions where either (single dissociation), both (double dissociation) or neither (elastic) proton interacts inelastically and dissociates, and interface our results to for showering and hadronization. The particle decay distribution from dissociation system, as well the survival probability for no additional proton–proton interactions, are both fully accounted for; these are essential for comparing to data where a rapidity gap veto is applied. We present detailed results for the impact of the veto requirement on the differential cross section, compare to and find good agreement with ATLAS 7 TeV data on semi-exclusive production, and provide a new precise evaluation of the background from semi-exclusive lepton pair production to SUSY particle production in compressed mass scenarios, which is found to be low.
DC conductivities and Stokes flows in Dirac semimetals influenced by hidden sector
Authors: Rogatko Marek 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the holographic model of Dirac semimetals, the Einstein–Maxwell scalar gravity with the auxiliary U(1)-gauge field, coupled to the ordinary Maxwell one by a kinetic mixing term, the black brane response to the electric fields and temperature gradient has been elaborated. Using the foliation by hypersurfaces of constant radial coordinate we derive the exact form of the Hamiltonian and equations of motion in the phase space considered. Examination of the Hamiltonian constraints enables us, to the leading order expansion of the linearised perturbations at the black brane event horizon, to derive the Stokes equations for an incompressible doubly charged fluid. Solving the aforementioned equations, one arrives at the DC conductivities for the holographic Dirac semimetals.
Development and Validation of a Next-Generation Sequencing–Based Multigene Assay to Predict the Prognosis of Estrogen Receptor–Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Han-Byoel , Lee Sae Byul , Kim Minsu , Kwon Sunyoung , Jo Jeonghee , Kim Jinkyoung , Lee Hee Jin , Ryu Han-Suk , Lee Jong Won , Kim Chungyeul , Jeong Jaehwan , Kim Hyoki , Noh Dong-Young , Park In-Ae , Ahn Sei-Hyun , Kim Sun , Yoon Sungroh , Kim Aeree , Han Wonshik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurpose:Multigene assays provide useful prognostic information regarding hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based platforms have numerous advantages including reproducibility and adaptability in local laboratories. This study aimed to develop and validate an NGS-based multigene assay to predict the distant recurrence risk.Experimental Design:In total, 179 genes including 30 reference genes highly correlated with the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) algorithm were selected from public databases. Targeted RNA-sequencing was performed using 250 and 93 archived breast cancer samples with a known RS in the training and verification sets, respectively, to develop the algorithm and NGS–Prognostic Score (NGS-PS). The assay was validated in 413 independent samples with long-term follow-up data on distant metastasis.Results:In the verification set, the NGS-PS and 21-gene RS displayed 91.4% concurrence (85/93 samples). In the validation cohort of 413 samples, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve plotted using NGS-PS values classified for distant recurrence was 0.76. The best NGS-PS cut-off value predicting distant metastasis was 20. Furthermore, 269 and 144 patients were classified as low- and high-risk patients in accordance with the cut-off. Five- and 10-year estimates of distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) for low- versus high-risk groups were 97.0% versus 77.8% and 93.2% versus 64.4%, respectively. The age-related HR for distant recurrence without chemotherapy was 9.73 (95% CI, 3.59–26.40) and 3.19 (95% CI, 1.40–7.29) for patients aged ≤50 and &gt;50 years, respectively.Conclusions:The newly developed and validated NGS-based multigene assay can predict the distant recurrence risk in ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.
Vagal Nerve Stimulator Placement by a Vascular Surgeon
Authors: Wise Amy K. , Hicks Adam C. , Sigdel Abindra 
Published: October 2020

Background Refractory seizure activity represents a difficult problem for both patients and practitioners. Implantation of the vagal nerve stimulator has been posited as an effective treatment for refractory seizure activity. These devices are inserted by placing leads into the carotid sheath along the vagus nerve. We evaluated a vascular surgeon’s experience placing vagal nerve stimulators. Methods We examined all patients treated with placement of vagal nerve stimulator by a single surgeon from October 2016 to October 2018. Data collected included demographics, medical and surgical history, intraoperative variables, and complications. Results Thirty-four patients underwent placement of a vagal nerve stimulator. About 29.4% had a previous vagal nerve stimulator placed on the ipsilateral side. Intraoperative bradycardia was seen in 1 patient. Postoperative complications were identified in 5 patients, all of which were transient dysphagia or changes in voice quality which did not require intervention. There was no significant difference between patients with the previous operation and those without for developing postoperative complications ( P = .138). Average blood loss was higher in patients who had undergone previous stimulator placement than those who had not ( P = .0223), and the operative time was longer ( P ≤ .0001). Discussion Given the anatomical location of placement, vascular surgeons may be called upon to place these devices. In our single surgeon series, we found that the placement was safe, with minimal complications. Intraoperatively, this case appears to be more difficult (with higher blood loss and longer operative time) in patients who have had previous device placement, but this does not appear to lead to increased complications.
On Senders’s Models of Visual Sampling Behavior
Authors: Eisma Y. B. , Hancock P. A. , de Winter J. C. F. 
Published: October 2020

Objective We review the sampling models described in John Senders’s doctoral thesis on “visual sampling processes” via a ready and accessible exposition. Background John Senders left a significant imprint on human factors/ergonomics (HF/E). Here, we focus on one preeminent aspect of his career, namely visual attention. Methods We present, clarify, and expand the models in his thesis through computer simulation and associated visual illustrations. Results One of the key findings of Senders’s work on visual sampling concerns the linear relationship between signal bandwidth and visual sampling rate. The models that are used to describe this relationship are the periodic sampling model (PSM), the random constrained sampling model (RCM), and the conditional sampling model (CSM). A recent replication study that used results from modern eye-tracking equipment showed that Senders’s original findings are manifestly replicable. Conclusions Senders’s insights and findings withstand the test of time and his models continue to be both relevant and useful to the present and promise continued impact in the future. Application The present paper is directed to stimulate a broad spectrum of researchers and practitioners in HF/E and beyond to use these important and insightful models.
Multiparametric Analysis of Factors Associated With Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Fadda Gian Luca , Galizia Andrea , Galizia Giuseppe , Castelnuovo Paolo , Bignami Maurizio , Cavallo Giovanni 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Previous studies have reported a diverse range of threshold values for blood eosinophilia. In addition, a single predictive biomarker for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) has not yet been identified. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics of ECRSwNP and non-ECRSwNP to evaluate the preoperative risk of tissue eosinophilia of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) through a multiparametric statistical analysis. Methods: One hundred ten patients with evidence of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis were included in this study and clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Eosinophilic CRSwNP was diagnosed based on the presence of at least 10 eosinophils per high-power field. The demographic and clinical features of ECRSwNP and non-ECRSwNP are described. The values of blood eosinophilia as predictors of tissue eosinophilia have been identified using receiver operating characteristic curves. As the predictive value of the identified cutoff through regression analysis was low, we evaluated whether other risk factors could be statistically associated with ECRSwNP, and from this, a new predictive model was proposed for the identification of eosinophilic nasal polyps before surgery. Results: We found that the best method for predicting ECRSwNP is based on a model having asthma, blood eosinophil percentage, posterior ethmoid value in Lund-Mackay score, and modified Lund-Kennedy score as explanatory variables. Conclusions: This study provides new data for a better understanding of the polypoid CRS endotypes, and the proposed model allows the endotype to be identified preoperatively.