bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Whole Blood (WB) using Unscented Kalman Filter in Surabaya
Authors: Muhith Abdul , Herlambang Teguh , Haris Abdul , Rahmalia Dinita 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As the need for blood transfusion increases, an improved blood stock management for blood transfusion is required. In terms of quality and quantity, blood transfusion is needed by patients with various health problems. Because of that need, it is urgent that the stability of blood stock be maintained to avoid possible excessive blood stock that leads to unnecessary blood disposal. For that purpose, prediction of blood demand is required. One of the blood transfusion units is PMI, a national organization dealing with social concern and humanity field. The objective of this paper is to make estimation of blood demand for PRC and WB at PMI Surabaya using UKF method. The simulation results show that the UKF method is effective with a high accuracy and an error of less than 4%.
Engineering and Technology Challenges of The Energy Usage: An Estimation for Agro-Industrial In Indonesia
Authors: Asnawi Y H , Nuraisyah A , Zulfiandri  , Sari V I , Rahmawati  , Gunawan  , Rahmana A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Agro industry is one of strategic industry that supported by a potencial resources from agriculture, fisheries/marine, livestock, farm, and forestry sectors. Energy supply with affordable prices are factors of the agro industry sustainability. The purpose of this study is to ensure the availability of energy in the agriculture industries, the pulp & paper industries, the sugar industries from sugar cane, and the fish canning industries. The stages consist of identifying the needs and availability of raw materials, energy, and formulating the recommendations. A literature study from relevant sources and analysis of efficiency of energy is used to improve the industry competitiveness by using Net Energy Ratio (NER) calculation. Around 38% of the agro industries energy needs are from by-product’s biomass. Biomass fuels that usually using by agro industries are palm shells, wood chips, bagasse, black liquor, or depending on the by-products. Aggregately, agro industries energy needs (2017) amounted to 15,711 million TOE. Based on the capacity, the final energy needs of selected agro industries amounted to 25,818 millions TOE that equivalent to 11% from the national final energy demand of 238.8 millions TOE and 30% of the final industrial sector energy needs of 87 millions TOE in 2025.
Identification of Visual and Thermal Comfort in Classroom
Authors: Seftyarizki Debby , Hakim Abdul Hamid , Razali Makmun Reza 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a learning facility which has interaction inside it, a classroom should be comfort in term of visual and thermal. Visual comfort can be obtained by the presence of sunlight through opening. While thermal comfort is the air temperature that influenced by building material used. Room 21 (R.21) of Gedung Kuliah Bersama V (GB V) Universitas Bengkulu (UNIB) is a classroom that mostly used by Architecture Student for receiving lecture from morning until afternoon. To identify the visual and thermal comfort of R.21, computer simulations with Ecotect program was did to get the room lighting and temperature condition in level 60cm above the floor. The result shows that natural light in R.21 GB V UNIB is comfortable enough with 630 lux of average daylight levels. While the temperature in R.21 GB V UNIB is still not comfortable because the average mean radiant temperature is 26,6°C. Visual comfort obtained along with high temperature because R.21 GB V UNIB is located at the corner of the building that have glass window in the east and north of the room.
Transport studies of ionic solutes through chitosan/chondroitin sulfate A (CHI/CS) polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes
Authors: Chandra P Nikhil , Mohan Mothi Krishna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nano scale assembling has led to the capability to directly control and enhance the capabilities and properties of a material through change of its structural makeup at the nano scale. A novel class of functional layers in which various properties can be tunable via in situ modifications of nanostructure through stimuli such as pH, capping, and salt addition provides a promising strategy to develop polyion responsive polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes (PEM’s). The concentration (diffusion dialysis) and pressure dependent (ultrafiltration) studies of solution containing polyvalent ions through the chitosan/chondroitin sulfate A (CHI/CS) multilayers fabricated on ultipore membrane have been studied. The characterization of the bilayer pair was done with analytical instruments like ATR-FTIR, spectroscopic ellipsometry, SEM, AFM and finally TGA for water holding capacity. The characterization of bilayer pairs demonstrated the stability and integrity of bilayer pair. An important bilayer property such as water holding capacity and ion permeability across it was examined and a positive correlation was found with increase in number of bilayers. The possibility of capping a fabricated bilayer with another polyelectrolyte, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to examine the extend of efficiency. The permeation rate of ions across bilayers increased with makeup salt concentration was observed with capping. An increase in selectivity was observed with increase in the number of bilayers for Na+/Cu2+, Na+/Ag+ and Na+/Mn3+. 12.5 hybrid CHI/CS-PEG membranes shows a selectivity of 38.52 for Cl−/PO4
3− with a permeation rate of 37.54 × 10–5 cms−1 and 4.23 × 10–5 cms−1 respectively for Cl− and PO4
3−. The transport profile of a model vitamin, ascorbic acid (AA) through CHI/CS multilayers showed the capability of bilayer membrane for selective solute transport.
On the (non)genericity of the Kiselev spacetime
Authors: Semiz İ 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In many works in the literature, the Kiselev spacetime is interpreted as the ‘blackhole surrounded by quintessence’; an interpretation not really tenable. For example, it has recently been pointed out that the expressions ‘perfect fluid’ and ‘quintessence’ are used improperly in most of the articles that build on that spacetime; hence it is not as relevant as many of those authors might think. Here we point out that the original derivation of the Kiselev spacetime involves the use of too many coordinate conditions (equivalently, coordinate definitions conflicting in principle) as well, again strongly restricting its relevance.
Respiratory epidemics and older people
Authors: Doraiswamy Sathyanarayanan , Mamtani Ravinder , Ameduri Marco , Abraham Amit , Cheema Sohaila 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been particularly severe on older people. Past coronavirus epidemics namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome have also been severe on older people. These epidemics lasted for only a limited period, however, and have proven short lived in the memories of both the public and public health systems. No lessons were learnt to mitigate the impact of future epidemics of such nature, on older people. This complacency we feel has claimed the lives of many older people during the current COVID-19 global epidemic. The nature of risks associated with acquiring infections and associated mortality among older people in respiratory epidemic situations are varied and of serious concern. Our commentary identifies demographic, biological, behavioural, social and healthcare-related determinants, which increase the vulnerability of older people to respiratory epidemics. We acknowledge that these determinants will likely vary between older people in high- and low-middle income countries. Notwithstanding these variations, we call for urgent action to mitigate the impact of epidemics on older people and preserve their health and dignity. Intersectoral programmes that recognise the special needs of older people and in unique contexts such as care homes must be developed and implemented, with the full participation and agreement of older people. COVID-19 has created upheaval, challenging humanity and threatening the lives, rights, and well-being of older people. We must ensure that we remain an age-friendly society and make the world a better place for all including older people.
Evolutionary dynamics of rDNA clusters on chromosomes of buthid scorpions (Chelicerata: Arachnida)
Authors: Šťáhlavský František , Nguyen Petr , Sadílek David , Štundlová Jana , Just Pavel , Haddad Charles R , Koç Halil , Ranawana Kithsiri B , Stockmann Mark , Yağmur Ersen Aydin , Kovařík František 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examined the distribution of genes for major ribosomal RNAs (rDNA) on holokinetic chromosomes of 74 species belonging to 19 genera of scorpions from the family Buthidae using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our analysis revealed differences between the two main evolutionary lineages within the family. The genera belonging to the ‘Buthus group’, with a proposed Laurasian origin, possess one pair of rDNA mainly in an interstitial position, with the only exceptions being the terminal location found in some Hottentotta and Buthacus species, possibly as a result of chromosome fissions. All the remaining buthid ‘groups’ possess rDNA found strictly in a terminal position. However, the number of signals may increase from an ancestral state of one pair of rDNA loci to up to seven signals in Reddyanus ceylonensis Kovařík et al., 2016. Despite the differences in evolutionary dynamics of the rDNA clusters between the ‘Buthus group’ and other lineages investigated, we found a high incidence of reciprocal translocations and presence of multivalent associations during meiosis in the majority of the genera studied. These phenomena seem to be typical for the whole family Buthidae.
A review of transition zones in biogeographical classification
Authors: Hermogenes De Mendonça Lize , Ebach Malte C 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransition zones are problematic in biogeographical classification as they represent artificial biotic areas. A review of transition zones into existing biogeographical classifications shows conflicting area taxonomies. While many authors consider transition zones as overlap zones or areas of biotic mixing, only a few have considered excluding them from biogeographical classification all together. One way of incorporating transition zones into a natural classification is by treating them as artefacts of geographically overlapping temporally disjunct biotic areas. In doing so, geographically overlapping biotic areas may occupy the same space but have different boundaries and histories. Temporally disjunct areas do form natural hierarchical classifications, as seen in the paleobiogeographical literature. A revision of each transition zone will determine whether they are artificial areas, areas within their own right or potentially geographically overlapping temporally disjunct regions.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Frontline Healthcare Personnel During the First Month of Caring for Patients With COVID-19—Nashville, Tennessee
Authors: Stubblefield William B , Talbot H Keipp , Feldstein Leora R , Tenforde Mark W , Ur Rasheed Mohammed Ata , Mills Lisa , Lester Sandra N , Freeman Brandi , Thornburg Natalie J , Jones Ian D , Ward Michael J , Lindsell Christopher J , Baughman Adrienne , Halasa Natasha , Grijalva Carlos G , Rice Todd W , Patel Manish M , Self Wesley H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Among 249 healthcare personnel who worked in hospital units with COVID-19 patients for 1 month, 19 (7.6%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Only 11 (57.9%) of the 19 personnel with positive serology reported symptoms of a prior illness, suggesting asymptomatic healthcare personnel could be an important source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Independent risk factors for simvastatin-related myopathy and relevance to different types of muscle symptom
Authors: Hopewell Jemma C , Offer Alison , Haynes Richard , Bowman Louise , Li Jing , Chen Fang , Bulbulia Richard , Lathrop Mark , Baigent Colin , Landray Martin J , Collins Rory , Armitage Jane , Parish Sarah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Statins are widely used to prevent cardiovascular events, but little is known about the impact of different risk factors for statin-related myopathy or their relevance to reports of other types of muscle symptom.

Methods and results
An observational analysis was undertaken of 171 clinically adjudicated cases of myopathy (defined as unexplained muscle pain or weakness with creatine kinase &gt;10× upper limit of normal) and, separately, of 15 208 cases of other muscle symptoms among 58 390 individuals with vascular disease treated with simvastatin for a mean of 3.4 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify independent predictors of myopathy. The rate of myopathy was low: 9 per 10 000 person-years of simvastatin therapy. Independent risk factors for myopathy included: simvastatin dose, ethnicity, sex, age, body mass index, medically treated diabetes, concomitant use of niacin-laropiprant, verapamil, beta-blockers, diltiazem and diuretics. In combination, these risk factors predicted more than a 30-fold risk difference between the top and bottom thirds of a myopathy risk score (hazard ratio : 34.35, 95% CI: 12.73–92.69, P across thirds = 9·1 × 10−48). However, despite the strong association with myopathy, this score was not associated with the other reported muscle symptoms (P across thirds = 0.93). Likewise, although SLCO1B1 genotype was associated with myopathy, it was not associated with other muscle symptoms.

Conclusions
The absolute risk of simvastatin-related myopathy is low, but individuals at higher risk can be identified to help guide patient management. The lack of association of the myopathy risk score with other muscle symptoms reinforces randomized placebo-controlled evidence that statins do not cause the vast majority of reported muscle symptoms.
A cross-sectional study of United States family medicine residency programme director burnout: implications for mitigation efforts and future research
Authors: Psenka Tamatha M , Freedy John R , Mims Lisa D , DeCastro Alec O , Berini Carole R , Diaz Vanessa A , Jarrett Jennie B , Steyer Terrence E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Academic physician burnout is concerning. Too little is known about factors associated with residency programme director burnout. Continued uncertainty risks adverse outcomes including graduate medical education leadership turnover and negative impact on recruiting and retaining under-represented minority residency programme directors.

Objective
This study assessed symptoms of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization) and depression along with evidence-based individual and environmental risk factors in a U.S. sample of family medicine residency programme directors.

Methods
The omnibus 2018 Council of Academic Family Medicine Education Research Alliance survey was used to contact programme directors at all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited U.S. family medicine residency programmes via email. Descriptive data included programme director and programme characteristics, Areas of Worklife (workload, values and control), loneliness (lack companionship, feel left out and feel isolated), burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization) and depressive symptoms. Chi-square tests contrasted descriptive variables with burnout and depressive symptoms. Logistic regression (LR) modelled associations between significant descriptive variables and burnout and depressive symptoms.

Results
The survey response rate was 45.2% (268/590). Programme directors reported: emotional exhaustion (25.0%), depersonalization (10.3%) and depressive symptoms (25.3%). LR models found significant associations with emotional exhaustion (Workload: lacking time and other work-related resources); lack of companionship, depersonalization (North West Central residency region; Workload and lack of companionship) and depressive symptoms (Black/African American ethnicity).

Conclusions
One-quarter of U.S. programme directors report burnout or depressive symptoms. Future research should consider associated variables as possible intervention targets to reduce programme director distress and turnover.
Projection-specific Activity of Layer 2/3 Neurons Imaged in Mouse Primary Somatosensory Barrel Cortex During a Whisker Detection Task
Authors: Vavladeli Angeliki , Daigle Tanya , Zeng Hongkui , Crochet Sylvain , Petersen Carl C H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The brain processes sensory information in a context- and learning-dependent manner for adaptive behavior. Through reward-based learning, relevant sensory stimuli can become linked to execution of specific actions associated with positive outcomes. The neuronal circuits involved in such goal-directed sensory-to-motor transformations remain to be precisely determined. Studying simple learned sensorimotor transformations in head-restrained mice offers the opportunity for detailed measurements of cellular activity during task performance. Here, we trained mice to lick a reward spout in response to a whisker deflection and an auditory tone. Through two-photon calcium imaging of retrogradely labeled neurons, we found that neurons located in primary whisker somatosensory barrel cortex projecting to secondary whisker somatosensory cortex had larger calcium signals than neighboring neurons projecting to primary whisker motor cortex in response to whisker deflection and auditory stimulation, as well as before spontaneous licking. Longitudinal imaging of the same neurons revealed that these projection-specific responses were relatively stable across 3 days. In addition, the activity of neurons projecting to secondary whisker somatosensory cortex was more highly correlated than for neurons projecting to primary whisker motor cortex. The large and correlated activity of neurons projecting to secondary whisker somatosensory cortex might enhance the pathway-specific signaling of important sensory information contributing to task execution. Our data support the hypothesis that communication between primary and secondary somatosensory cortex might be an early critical step in whisker sensory perception. More generally, our data suggest the importance of investigating projection-specific neuronal activity in distinct populations of intermingled excitatory neocortical neurons during task performance.
Spare Parts and Design Protection – Different Approaches to a Common Problem. Recent Developments from the EU and US Perspective
Authors: Beldiman Dana , Blanke-Roeser Constantin , Tischner Anna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The market for auto spare parts is of major significance to the national economies of countries with automotive industries. Because original manufacturers (OEMs) hold design protection over spare parts, they tend to monopolize the spare parts aftermarket to the exclusion of third-party producers of replica parts. Spare parts producers argue for liberalization of the market. Governments in spare-part producing countries have been open to this approach, whereas most countries with strong automotive industries have so far rejected it. However, at least on the EU front, the legal debate on whether and how to effect this liberalization, which has been ongoing for almost two decades, is getting closer to a resolution.
The German legislator will soon insert a repair clause into the national DesignG on the basis of Art. 14 Design Directive. The new Sec. 40a DesignG will come into force within the first half of 2020 and will be applicable only to designs registered from that point on. The scope of the clause will be limited to form-dependent (i.e. especially must match) parts. This article compares the evolution of the EU position regarding spare parts, including the German draft, and the criticism it received among scholars, to the evolution of the spare parts situation in the US.
Implementation research on sustainable electrification of rural primary care facilities in Ghana and Uganda
Authors: Javadi Dena , Ssempebwa John , Isunju John Bosco , Yevoo Lucy , Amu Alberta , Nabiwemba Elizabeth , Pfeiffer Michaela , Agyepong Irene , Severi Luc 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Access to energy is essential for resilient health systems; however, strengthening energy infrastructure in rural health facilities remains a challenge. In 2015–19, ‘Powering Healthcare’ deployed solar energy solutions to off-grid rural health facilities in Ghana and Uganda to improve the availability of maternal and child health services. To explore the links between health facility electrification and service availability and use, the World Health Organization (WHO), in partnership with Dodowa Health Research Centre and Makerere University School of Public Health, carried out an implementation research study. The objectives of this study were to (1) capture changes in service availability and readiness, (2) describe changes in community satisfaction and use and (3) examine the implementation factors of sustainable electrification that affect these changes. Data were collected through interviews with over 100 key informants, focus group discussions with over 800 community members and health facility assessment checklist adapted from the WHO’s Service Availability and Readiness Assessment tool. Implementation factors were organized using Normalization Process Theory constructs. The study found that access to energy is associated with increased availability of health services, access to communication technologies, appropriate storage of vaccines and medicines, enhanced health worker motivation and increased community satisfaction. Implementation factors associated with improved outcomes include stakeholder engagement activities to promote internalization, provision of materials and information to encourage participation, and establishment of relationships to support integration. Barriers to achieving outcomes are primarily health systems challenges—such as drug stockouts, lack of transportation and poor amenities—that continue to affect service availability, readiness and use, even where access to energy is available. However, through appropriate implementation and integration of sustainable electrification, strengthened energy infrastructure can be leveraged to catalyze investment in other components of functioning health systems. Improving access to energy in health facilities is, therefore, necessary but not sufficient for strengthening health systems.
The Dental Lamina: An Essential Structure for Perpetual Tooth Regeneration in Sharks
Authors: Fraser Gareth J , Standing Ariane , Underwood Charlie , Thiery Alexandre P 
Published: July 2020

SynopsisIn recent years, nonclassical models have emerged as mainstays for studies of evolutionary, developmental, and regenerative biology. Genomic advances have promoted the use of alternative taxa for the study of developmental biology, and the shark is one such emerging model vertebrate. Our research utilizes the embryonic shark (Scyliorhinus canicula) to characterize key developmental and regenerative processes that have been overlooked or not possible to study with more classic developmental models. Tooth development is a major event in the construction of the vertebrate body plan, linked in part with the emergence of jaws. Early development of the teeth and morphogenesis is well known from the murine model, but the process of tooth redevelopment and regeneration is less well known. Here we explore the role of the dental lamina in the development of a highly regenerative dentition in sharks. The shark represents a polyphyodont vertebrate with continuously repeated whole tooth regeneration. This is presented as a major developmental shift from the more derived renewal process that the murine model offers, where incisors exhibit continuous renewal and growth of the same tooth. Not only does the shark offer a study system for whole unit dental regeneration, it also represents an important model for understanding the evolutionary context of vertebrate tooth regeneration.