bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Like 4 (TTLL4) overexpression in breast cancer cells is associated with brain metastasis and alters exosome biogenesis
Authors: Arnold Julia , Schattschneider Juliana , Blechner Christine , Krisp Christoph , Schlüter Hartmut , Schweizer Michaela , Nalaskowski Marcus , Oliveira-Ferrer Leticia , Windhorst Sabine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The survival rate is poor in breast cancer patients with brain metastases. Thus, new concepts for therapeutic approaches are required. During metastasis, the cytoskeleton of cancer cells is highly dynamic and therefore cytoskeleton-associated proteins are interesting targets for tumour therapy.

Methods
Screening for genes showing a significant correlation with brain metastasis formation was performed based on microarray data from breast cancer patients with long-term follow up information. Validation of the most interesting target was performed by MTT-, Scratch- and Transwell-assay. In addition, intracellular trafficking was analyzed by live-cell imaging for secretory vesicles, early endosomes and multiple vesicular bodies (MVB) generating extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western blotting, mass spectrometry, and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). Effect of EVs on the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) was examined by incubating endothelial cells of the BBB (hCMEC/D3) with EVs, and permeability as well as adhesion of breast cancer cells were analyzed. Clinical data of a breast cancer cohort was evaluated by χ2-tests, Kaplan-Meier-Analysis, and log-rank tests while for experimental data Student’s T-test was performed.

Results
Among those genes exhibiting a significant association with cerebral metastasis development, the only gene coding for a cytoskeleton-associated protein was Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase Like 4 (TTLL4). Overexpression of TTLL4 (TTLL4plus) in MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468 breast cancer cells (TTLL4plus cells) significantly increased polyglutamylation of β-tubulin. Moreover, trafficking of secretory vesicles and MVBs was increased in TTLL4plus cells. EVs derived from TTLL4plus cells promote adhesion of MDA-MB231 and MDA-MB468 cells to hCMEC/D3 cells and increase permeability of hCMEC/D3 cell layer.

Conclusions
These data suggest that TTLL4-mediated microtubule polyglutamylation alters exosome homeostasis by regulating trafficking of MVBs. The TTLL4plus-derived EVs may provide a pre-metastatic niche for breast cancer cells by manipulating endothelial cells of the BBB.
High-order blended compact difference schemes for the 3D elliptic partial differential equation with mixed derivatives and variable coefficients
Authors: Ma Tingfu , Ge Yongbin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBlended compact difference (BCD) schemes with fourth- and sixth-order accuracy are proposed for approximating the three-dimensional (3D) variable coefficients elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) with mixed derivatives. With truncation error analyses, the proposed BCD schemes can reach their theoretical accuracy, respectively, for the interior gird points and require 19 points compact stencil. They fully blend the implicit compact difference (CD) scheme and the explicit CD scheme together to make the derivation method and programming easier. The BCD schemes are also decoupled, which means the unknown function and its derivatives are separately resolved by different finite difference equations. Moreover, the sixth-order schemes are developed to solve the first-order derivatives, the second-order derivatives and the second-order mixed derivatives on boundaries. Several test problems are applied to show that the present BCD schemes are more accurate than those in the literature.
A short and sharpened way to approach fixed point results involving fuzzy $\mathcal{H}$-contractive mappings
Authors: Saleh Hayel N. , Imdad Mohammad , Hasanuzzaman Md 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, we adopt a short and sharpened approach to prove fixed point results involving fuzzy$\mathcal{H}$H-contractive mappings utilized in (Wardowski, Fuzzy Sets Syst. 125:245–252, 2013) and other related articles. In this process, we are able to relax some conditions utilized by earlier authors which in turn yields affirmative answers to some open questions raised by earlier authors.
Studies on Hemp and Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Ghosn Samer , Cherkawi Nour , Hamad Bilal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper reports on the first phase of a multi-phase research program conducted at the American University of Beirut (AUB) on “Hemp and Recycled Aggregates Concrete” (HRAC). HRAC is a new sustainable concrete material where hemp fibers are incorporated in the mix, the coarse aggregate content is reduced by 20% of the concrete volume, and 50% of the natural coarse aggregates (NCA) are replaced by recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), thus saving on natural resources and addressing the problem of waste material disposal. The effect of the new material on concrete consistency and hardened mechanical properties was studied. Also, few durability tests were conducted. Variables included percentage replacement of NCA by RCA (0 or 50%), maximum size aggregate (10 or 20 mm), hemp fiber length (20 or 30 mm), and hemp fiber treatment (alkali or silane or acetyl). Fiber characterization tests were conducted including morphology, crystallinity, and thermal analysis. The tests indicated that alkali and acetyl fiber treatments were better than the silane treatment in removing impurities on the fiber surface. Also, alkali and acetyl treatments have increased the crystallinity of the fibers while silane treatment decreased it. Results of mechanical properties tests showed that while HRAC has considerable lower compressive strength and modulus of elasticity than plain concrete, the flexural strength and splitting tensile strength are not significantly affected. The flexural stress–strain behavior of HRAC is ductile as compared to the brittle behavior of the plain concrete beams indicating positive impact on toughness and energy dissipation. The durability tests indicated that whereas HRAC mixes have higher absorption than plain concrete, they have better thermal properties and their resistance to freeze–thaw cycles is comparable to plain concrete. All test results were not significantly affected by fiber length or fiber treatment.
The morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 are correlated with the Ile105Val glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism
Authors: Saadat Mostafa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Oxidative stress is an important issue in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Considering that glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is involved in cellular detoxification, it may play an important role in susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or its outcome. In the present study, the association between the Ile105Val GSTP1 polymorphism (rs1695) and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as its outcome was investigated. Data on the prevalence (per 106 people), case-fatality (per 100 infected cases), and mortality (per 106 people) of COVID-19 and various potential confounders (the life expectancy at birth, density of medical doctors, density of nursing and midwifery personnel, and the gross national income per capita) were used. The latest data available for 45 countries were used for the study.

Results
In multivariate linear regression analyses, the Val105 allelic frequency showed positive association with the log-prevalence (partial r = 0.308, p = 0.042) and log-mortality of COVID-19 (partial r = 0.316, p = 0.037). The log-fatality did not show association with the allelic frequency. In the next step, only countries with the gross national income per capita more than $15,000 were included in the analysis. In the selected countries, the frequency of Val105 was positively associated with the log-prevalence (partial r = 0.456, p = 0.009) and log-mortality of COVID-19 (partial r = 0.544, p = 0.001).

Conclusions
The present findings indicate that countries with higher Val105 allelic frequency of the rs1695 polymorphism showed higher prevalence and mortality of COVID-19.
Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing a Patient-Centered Oncology Care Model
Authors: Tirodkar Manasi A. , Roth Lindsey , Fuld Nasso Shelley , Friedberg Mark W. , Scholle Sarah H. 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: Oncology practices often serve as the “medical home” for patients but may not have systems to support all aspects of patient-centered care. We piloted a new set of oncology medical home standards that call for accessible, continuous, coordinated, and team-based care. We examined how adoption of the standards varies across a variety of practices and compared practice self-report with external evaluation of implementation. METHODS: Five medical oncology practices in southeastern Pennsylvania implemented the standards from 2014 into 2016. Implementation support included training webinars and technical assistance. External reviewers evaluated practices’ implementation of the standards. We conducted site visits to interview providers and patients. RESULTS: Between baseline and follow-up, practice self-assessments and independent audits showed practices increased implementation of the patient-centered oncology standards. The largest improvement was seen in continuous quality improvement (QI). Practices were less successful in implementing care coordination: achievement on two standards (access and evidence-based decision support) declined from baseline to follow-up. Qualitative analyses revealed that practices focused QI in five areas: goals of care, engaging patients in QI, financial counseling, symptom management, and care coordination. Interviewees talked about facilitators, such as leadership support and physician buy-in, and barriers to transformation, including inadequate resources and staffing. Health information technology both supported and limited implementation. CONCLUSION: Oncology practices showed some progress in their implementation of patient-centered care processes over the course of the pilot program. Systems for tracking and documenting improvement, training for staff and clinicians, leadership support, and alignment of financial incentives are critical to transformation.
Fatty Acid Metabolism and Associations with Insulin Sensitivity Differs Between Black and White South African Women
Authors: Goedecke Julia H , Chorell Elin , van Jaarsveld Paul J , Risérus Ulf , Olsson Tommy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Genetic differences in desaturase genes and consequently fatty acid metabolism have been reported. The aims were to examine ethnic differences in serum fatty acid composition and desaturase indices, and assess the ethnic-specific associations with insulin sensitivity (IS) and liver fat in black and white South African (SA) women.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study including 92 premenopausal black (n = 46) and white (n = 46) SA women, serum fatty acid composition was measured in cholesteryl ester (CE) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) fractions. Desaturase activities were estimated as product-to-precursor ratios: stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1-16, 16:1n-7/16:0); δ-5 desaturase (D5D, 20:4n-6/20:3n-6), and δ-6 desaturase (D6D, 18:3n-6/18:2n-6). Whole-body IS was estimated from an oral glucose tolerance test using the Matsuda index. In a subsample (n = 30), liver fat and hepatic IS were measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, respectively.

Results
Despite lower whole-body IS (P = .006), black women had higher CE D5D and lower D6D and SCD1-16 indices than white women (P &lt; .01). CE D6D index was associated with lower IS in white women only (r = –0.31, P = .045), whereas D5D index was associated with higher IS in black women only (r = 0.31, P = .041). In the subsample, D6D and SCD1-16 indices were positively and D5D was negatively associated with liver fat (P &lt; .05). Conversely, CE SCD1-16 was negatively associated with hepatic IS (P &lt; .05), but not independently of liver fat.

Conclusions
Ethnic differences in fatty acid–derived desaturation indices were observed, with insulin-resistant black SA women paradoxically showing a fatty acid pattern typical for higher insulin sensitivity in European populations.
Early Versus Late Tracheostomy in Patients With Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mubashir Talha , Arif Abdul A. , Ernest Prince , Maroufy Vahed , Chaudhry Rabail , Balogh Julius , Suen Colin , Reskallah Alexander , Williams George W. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
Acute traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often result in impairments in respiration that may lead to a sequelae of pulmonary dysfunction, increased risk of infection, and death. The optimal timing for tracheostomy in patients with acute SCI is currently unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the optimal timing of tracheostomy in SCI patients and evaluate the potential benefits of early versus late tracheostomy.

METHODS:
We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO for published studies. We included studies on adults with SCI who underwent early or late tracheostomy and compared outcomes. In addition, studies that reported a concomitant traumatic brain injury were excluded. Data were extracted independently by 2 reviewers and copied into R software for analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD).

RESULTS:
Eight studies with a total of 1220 patients met our inclusion criteria. The mean age and gender between early and late tracheostomy groups were similar. The majority of the studies performed an early tracheostomy within 7 days from either time of injury or tracheal intubation. Patients with a cervical SCI were twice as likely to undergo an early tracheostomy (OR = 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–3.64; P = .006) compared to patients with a thoracic SCI. Early tracheostomy reduced the mean intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay by 13 days (95% CI, −19.18 to −7.00; P = .001) and the mean duration of mechanical ventilation by 18.30 days (95% CI, −24.33 to −12.28; P = .001). Although the pooled risk of in-hospital mortality was lower with early tracheostomy compared to late tracheostomy, the results were not significant (OR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.32–1.01; P = .054). In the subgroup analysis, mortality was significantly lower in the early tracheostomy group (OR = 0.27; P = .006). Finally, no differences in pneumonia between early and late tracheostomy groups were noted.

CONCLUSIONS:
Based on the available data, patients with early tracheostomy within the first 7 days of injury or tracheal intubation had higher cervical SCI, shorter ICU length of stay, and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation compared to late tracheostomy. The risk of in-hospital mortality may be lower following an early tracheostomy. However, due to the quality of studies and insufficient clinical data available, it is challenging to make conclusive interpretations. Future prospective trials with a larger patient population are needed to fully assess short- and long-term outcomes of tracheostomy timing following acute SCI.
Association of Preoperative Pneumonia With Postsurgical Morbidity and Mortality in Children
Authors: Nafiu Olubukola O. , Mpody Christian , Kirkby Stephen E. , Samora Julie B. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND:
Pneumonia is a common lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) and the leading cause of pediatric hospitalization in the United States. Given its frequency, children with pneumonia may require surgery during their hospital course. This poses serious anesthetic and surgical challenges because preoperative pulmonary status is among the most important risk factors for postoperative complications. Although recent adult data indicated that preoperative pneumonia was associated with poor surgical outcomes, comparable data in children are lacking. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the association of preoperative pneumonia with postoperative mortality and morbidity in children.

METHODS:
Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we assembled a retrospective cohort of children (<18 years) who underwent inpatient surgery between 2012 and 2015. Our primary outcome was the time to all-cause 30-day postoperative mortality that we evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. For the secondary outcomes, including 30-day postoperative morbidity events, we used Fine-Gray models to account for competing risk by mortality. We also evaluated the association of preoperative pneumonia with duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and postoperative hospital length of stay. We used propensity score weighting methods to adjust for potential confounding factors, whose distributions differ across the pneumonia groups.

RESULTS:
Among 153,242 children who underwent inpatient surgery, 0.7% (n = 867) had preoperative pneumonia. Compared with those without preoperative pneumonia, children with preoperative pneumonia had a higher risk of mortality throughout the 30-day postoperative period (hazard ratio [HR], 4.10; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.42–6.97; P < .001). Although not statistically significant, children with preoperative pneumonia were twice as likely to develop cardiovascular complications compared to children without preoperative pneumonia (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.17–3.75; P = .012). Furthermore, children with preoperative pneumonia had longer duration of postoperative ventilation (incidence rate ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26–1.71; P < .001). Finally, children with preoperative pneumonia were estimated to be 56% less likely to be discharged within the 30 days following surgery, compared to children without preoperative pneumonia (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.40–0.47; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Preoperative pneumonia was strongly associated with increased incidence of postoperative mortality and complications in children. Clinicians should make concerted efforts to screen for preoperative pneumonia and consider whether proceeding with surgery is the most expedient course of action. Our findings may be helpful in preoperative discussions with parents of children with preoperative pneumonia for risk stratification and postoperative resource allocation purposes.
Adaptation of an Obstetric Anesthesia Service for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Pandemic: Description of Checklists, Workflows, and Development Tools
Authors: Li Yunping , Ciampa Erin J. , Zucco Liana , Levy Nadav , Colella Meredith , Golen Toni , Shainker Scott A. , Lunderberg J. Mark , Ramachandran Satya Krishna , Hess Philip E. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Care of the pregnant patient during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic presents many challenges, including creating parallel workflows for infected and noninfected patients, minimizing waste of materials, and ensuring that clinicians can seamlessly transition between types of anesthesia. The exponential community spread of disease limited the time for development and training.

METHODS:
The goals of our workflow and process development were to maximize safety for staff and patients, minimize the risk of contamination, and reduce the waste of unused supplies and materials. We used a cyclical improvement system and the plus/delta debriefing method to rapidly develop workflows consisting of sequential checklists and procedure-specific packs.

RESULTS:
We designed independent workflows for labor analgesia, neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery, conversion of labor analgesia to cesarean anesthesia, and general anesthesia. In addition, we created procedure-specific material packs to optimize supplies and prevent wastage. Finally, we generated sequential checklists to allow staff to perform standard operating procedures without extensive training.

CONCLUSIONS:
Collectively, these workflows and tools allowed our staff to urgently care for patients in high-risk situations without prior experience. Over time, we refined the workflows using a cyclical improvement system. We present our checklists and workflows as well as the system we used for their development, so that others may use them to their benefit.
Cells expressing PAX8 are the main source of homeostatic regeneration of adult mouse endometrial epithelium and give rise to serous endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Fu Dah-Jiun , De Micheli Andrea J. , Bidarimath Mallikarjun , Ellenson Lora H. , Cosgrove Benjamin D. , Flesken-Nikitin Andrea , Nikitin Alexander Yu. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Humans and mice have cyclical regeneration of the endometrial epithelium. It is expected that such regeneration is ensured by tissue stem cells, but their location and hierarchy remain debatable. A number of recent studies have suggested the presence of stem cells in the mouse endometrial epithelium. At the same time, it has been reported that this tissue can be regenerated by stem cells of stromal/mesenchymal or bone marrow cell origin. Here, we describe a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the main cell types of the mouse uterus and epithelial subset transcriptome and evaluate the contribution of epithelial cells expressing the transcription factor PAX8 to the homeostatic regeneration and malignant transformation of adult endometrial epithelium. According to lineage tracing, PAX8+ epithelial cells are responsible for long-term maintenance of both luminal and glandular epithelium. Furthermore, multicolor tracing shows that individual glands and contiguous areas of luminal epithelium are formed by clonal cell expansion. Inactivation of the tumor suppressor genes Trp53 and Rb1 in PAX8+ cells, but not in FOXJ1+ cells, leads to the formation of neoplasms with features of serous endometrial carcinoma, one of the most aggressive types of human endometrial malignancies. Taken together, our results show that the progeny of single PAX8+ cells represents the main source of regeneration of the adult endometrial epithelium. They also provide direct experimental genetic evidence for the key roles of the P53 and RB pathways in the pathogenesis of serous endometrial carcinoma and suggest that PAX8+ cells represent the cell of origin of this neoplasm.
Awangardowa książka kucharska?
Authors: Kwaśna Karolina 
Published: September 2020

Avant-garde Cookbook? The Polish Translation of The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook
The article focuses on the Polish translation of The Alice B. Toklas Cookbook. The author provides examples which prove that Toklas’s book may be read as a functional text as well as an artistic cookbook. Nevertheless, the Polish translation narrow this possibility to functional text or a narration on cooking while the comments on its cultural, autobiographical and social aspects seem to be lost in translation.
Przekład w perspektywie awangardowości
Authors: Tokarz Bożena 
Published: September 2020

Translation in the Perspective of Avant-garde
Avant-garde is a kind of precursor that precedes some fundamental change. Translation can provoke such a change in the host literature, presenting works that have the potential to make a turn in it, or it can become revolutionary in the art of translation. The avant-garde function of Polish literature in Slovenia is fuzzy. It is present in the minds of some authors although they do not exhibit it in an explicit way. Therefore, it is not possible to assign its translations an avant-garde role in the interwar period, which abounded with stormy transformations of European art and not only. The Polish historical avantgarde was unknown to the reader, and the poetry of one of the central poetic groups, the Krakow Avant-Garde, has remained so. The translations of avant-garde prose and drama of that time are late to fulfill such a function because they only appeared after the 1970s.