bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral and Conventional Violations in Childhood: Brazilians Tolerate Less but Expect More Punishment than U.S. Americans
Authors: de M. Oliveira Susana K. , Mendes Deise M. L. F. , de Oliveira Ebenézer A. , Pessôa Luciana F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Brazilian and US American children were compared for differences in tolerance and punishment expectancy. We hypothesized that participants would be less tolerant and more punishing of moral than conventional violations; tolerance and punishment expectancy would relate with age; Brazilians would tolerate less and expect more punishment than US Americans; and social domain would moderate effects of age and nationality. The sample had 129 matched children from Brazil and the USA. Moral/conventional-violation vignettes were used. Mixed-model GLMs suggested that children were less tolerant and more punishing of moral than social-conventional violations. Age effects were significant for tolerance. Brazilians scored lower on tolerance and higher on punishment expectancy than US Americans; they also differentiated less between violation domains than US Americans. These and other results suggest that Brazilians tolerate less but expect more punishment for violations than US Americans. Discussion is based on cultural and socio-historical differences between the two nations.
Does Cognitive Structure Ground Social Structure? The Case of the Radical Enlightenment
Authors: Fiddick Laurence 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cross-culturally two widely observed forms of social structure are individualism (open societies) and ascribed hierarchies (closed societies). Associated with these two types of social structure are a wide range of recurrent concomitant features. It is proposed that these two forms of social structure are common, in part, because they are associated with modular forms of understanding that lend intuitive support to them. In particular, it is proposed that individualistic open societies are associated with a folk-physics mode of construal whereas closed societies are associated with a folk-biological mode of construal. These distinctions are illustrated with the European Enlightenment as a hypothesized transition from closed to open societies.
Cross-Cultural Differences in Strategies of Peer Persuasion of Hebrew-Speaking and Arabic-Speaking Children
Authors: Karniol Rachel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of the current research was to examine strategies of persuasion used by Arabic-speaking and Hebrew-speaking boys and girls to determine the relative contributions of culture and gender in determining communication styles. Children were asked to write a letter to a male or female peer asking for a gender-stereotyped or a gender-neutral gift. Four meta-categories were identified: formality, self-focus, other-focus, and gift-focus. For each meta-category except gift-focus, there were significant main effects and interactions. Language group was significant for formality and other-focus but not for self-focus. Importantly, there were several interactions between participant gender, target gender, and gender-stereotypy of gift, but these did not interact with language group. The results were discussed in the context of children’s socialization to the ethos of musayara and dugri in Arabic-speaking and Hebrew-speaking culture.
Singing the News in Seventeenth-century Iceland
Authors: Sigurðardóttir Þórunn , Helgason Þorsteinn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In 1631 the Protestant town of Magdeburg fell to the Catholic Imperial army and was burned to the ground with casualties of some 20.000 people. This event reverberated far and wide in broadsheets and pamphlets, songs and images, and not only in Germany. The destruction of Magdeburg echoed in faraway Iceland, where pastor Guðmundur Erlendsson wrote a poem about the event. In this article we argue that news of the event (perhaps in the form of broadsides) must have arrived quite early to Iceland and travelled through the learned community around the diocese of Hólar in the northern region of Iceland. Furthermore, we explore the intentions of the poet and his observations and perceptions of the events. The poem was most likely intended to be sung or recited and was disseminated in handwritten copies. We explore the questions: Why produce a poem about atrocities in foreign lands? What was the lesson of the events in Magdeburg for peaceful Iceland?
International Law as Insulation – The Case of the World Bank in the Decolonization Era
Authors: Van Den Meerssche Dimitri 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article maps out how (international) legal concepts and norms were employed during the inter-institutional struggle between the United Nations and the World Bank in the decolonization era. The first contribution is historiographical. Drawing on material from the Bank’s (oral) archives, the article gives an original account of the ways in which the organization bypassed the universalist aspirations that were gaining a foothold in the UN’s democratic bodies. Secondly, the paper retraces how this particular event gave rise to a clash between opposing imaginaries of international legal order, where axiological aspirations voiced by states from the Global South were ultimately frustrated by a functionalist understanding of international (institutional) law that justified the Bank’s institutional insulation. Finally, the paper aims to provide a modest methodological contribution to the field of international institutional law – a doctrinal discipline that traditionally pays little empirical attention to the historical and sociological performativity of concrete legal interventions.
La dignité impériale des rois de France en Orient: Titulatures et traductions dans la diplomatie franco-ottomane
Authors: Simon Victor 
Published: August 2020

Résumé
Depuis la première moitié du seizième siècle, les rois de France semblent être présentés sous une titulature impériale dans la traduction française des capitulations. La notion d’empire apparaît pourtant étrangère à la conception turque de l’État. Le titre d’imparatorluk n’apparaît d’ailleurs nulle part dans le texte original des capitulations. La titulature impériale attribuée au roi de France découle en effet d’une traduction hasardeuse du terme de padishah par les drogmans attachés au service de l’ambassade. D’origine perse, ce titre sans réel équivalent en Europe signifie littéralement «grand dirigeant» ou «dirigeant des dirigeants». En reconnaissant cette qualité au roi de France, le sultan turc met ainsi en avant une prééminence du roi de France sur les autres princes européens. Cette rhétorique s’inscrit alors dans la construction de relations internationales franco-turques ouvertement tournées contre l’empire Habsbourg.
A Matter of Faith? Negotiations with Boko Haram in Nigeria
Authors: Söderberg Kovacs Mimmi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Why are armed conflicts involving warring parties with an Islamist agenda more difficult to resolve through negotiations? In previous research, two main explanations have been put forward; one that highlight the religious element of the parties’ conflict issue and one that emphasis the organizational character of these conflicts, in particular their transnational nature. Yet we still do not know which of these explanations that carry the most explanatory power. The purpose of this article is to test the empirical relevance of these theories through an in-depth study of five negotiation attempts between the government of Nigeria and the group known as Boko Haram during the time period 2011 to 2016. By doing so, this article both addresses one of the key theoretical debates in the scholarly field of religious conflicts and conflict resolution, and presents novel empirical material on a case not well covered in previous negotiation literature.
Article 5: The Role of Parents in the Proxy Informed Consent Process in Medical Research involving Children
Authors: Varadan Sheila 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Medical research involving child subjects has led to advances in medicine that have dramatically improved the lives, health and well-being of children. Yet, determining when and under what conditions a child should be enrolled in medical research remains an ethically vexing question in research ethics. At the crux of the issue is the free and informed consent of the child participant. A child, who is presumed legally incompetent, or lacks sufficient understanding to exercise autonomous decision-making, will not be able to express free and informed consent in the research setting. Rather than exclude all such children from medical research, a parent (or legal guardian) is designated as a proxy to consent on the child’s behalf. However, the concept of proxy informed consent and the framework for its implementation present practical and ethical challenges for researchers, particularly in navigating the relationship between proxy decision-makers and child subjects in the medical research setting. Article 5 of the uncrc may offer guidance on this point: (1) it places boundaries around how parental authority should be exercised; (2) it offers a model for parent-child decision-making that is participatory, collaborative and linked to the child’s enjoyment of rights under the uncrc; (3) it respects and supports the autonomy of child participants by recognising their evolving capacities to give informed consent. This paper concludes that greater consideration should be given to Article 5 as a complementary framework for researchers engaged in medical research involving children.
At the Edge of the Empire: Mapping the Law of Hong Kong’s Paradiplomacy
Authors: Cheung Jason Ho Ching 
Published: August 2020

Summary
Hong Kong lacks sovereignty but possesses unique quasi-state external relations powers. This special feature enables it not only to inherit former paradiplomatic ties from its British predecessor, but also to develop a plethora of external relations. During the course of the present political turmoil and friction with Beijing, it has struggled to develop external relations with foreign states, subnational entities and international organisations. While paradiplomacy concerning quasi-states is no longer a neglected subject, and Hong Kong’s role as a prominent autonomous financial hub notwithstanding, few studies have examined the paradiplomacy of the city. This article analyses the constitutional regime and underexplored legal topics of Hong Kong’s paradiplomacy, including the legal basis and framework for such. It argues that Hong Kong can lay a solid legal framework for paradiplomacy and its paradiplomatic powers should be more widely recognised because of its potential to yield substantial impact on international law and relations.
Innovation Diplomacy: A New Concept for Ancient Practices?
Authors: Griset Pascal 
Published: August 2020

Summary
This essay questions the concept of innovation diplomacy to determine its true perimeter and its different dimensions. To this end, it quickly addresses the strong points of an argument that appeared in the second half of the 2000s and which establishes in a very general way a filiation, or even a succession, between science diplomacy and innovation diplomacy. A historical approach shows that what is called innovation diplomacy encompasses ancient practices at the crossroads of science, technology, economy and culture. It finds that innovation diplomacy can be understood only as a hybrid concept reflecting organisations and strategies rooted in older practices articulated to the challenges of the present time.
From Covenant to Charter: A Legacy Squandered?
Authors: White Nigel D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The “Covenant” embodied the idea of a contract for peace in 1919. The “Charter” of 1945 appeared more boldly to embody a world constitution for peace. This article analyses the United Nations and its predecessor organisation, the League of Nations, to demonstrate how each organisation was primarily a product of the conflict that preceded it and how each captured the post-war status quo. Despite this shared backward-looking aspect, both treaties were sufficiently broad to accommodate significant constitutional developments with the potential to shape the collective security systems to meet changing geopolitical conditions. Members of the League failed to seize this opportunity but the promise of an improved collective security system, moreover one based on fundamental laws, offered by the drafters of the Charter, is found to be problematic. The transference of competence from member states to organisation that marked the transition from League to UN, which, when combined with the legalisation of hierarchy by the Charter, have meant that the UN order, despite appearing to be more obviously constitutionalised, was potentially less able to achieve peace through law than its predecessor.
AU AIM Strategy and the Fragmentation of IUU Fishing Regulations in Africa: the Case of West Africa
Authors: Negm Namira 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In Africa, the west suffers the most from Illegal, Unreported, and unregulated fishing which necessitated national, regional, and continental efforts to put in place legal mechanisms to halt the situation. This resulted in the fragmentation of rules dealing with IUU, with AU’s 2050 African Maritime Strategy and the Lomé Charter being the grand Continental ones. This article will provide a brief assessment of the legal mechanisms of the African Union vis-à-vis the rules of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the fragmentation or harmonization of those rules. The paper argues that fragmentation of rules at regional and sub-regional levels is not necessarily counterproductive as long as all parties coordinate by focusing on filling existing gaps rather than allowing overlaps.
The Emergence and Development of Persianate Sufism: Khorasan, Ninth to Twelfth Centuries
Authors: Arjomand Saïd Amir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the emergence of Sufism and its differentiation from other religious trends in early Islamic Khorasan and Transoxania and traces the influence of Buddhism and Manichæism on the development of Sufism. The corresponding professionalization of the Sufi sheikhs in this formative process went hand in hand with the elaboration of Sufi mystical theory. The theoretical elaboration of Sufism consisted in the development of a theory of divine love culminating in the masterpieces of Farid al-Din ʿAttār on the eve of the Mongol invasion. The paper highlights the strong connection between Sufism and fotovvat (urban brotherhoods) during the emergence of Sufism in Khorasan and its gradual weakening that resulted from the increasing professionalization of Sufism and the formation of a distinct Persianate Sufi identity. The appropriation and transformation of royal symbolism in the Sufi texts is then analyzed in the last section.
Angels in the Archive
Authors: Bailey Helen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Beckett’s treatment of the “mixed choir of angels” in Watt complicates the relationship between archive and text. While references to this musical source were largely excised by the author, traces left behind in the published text(s) raise questions about whether it should be discounted as detritus. This paper explores how Beckett’s consignment of celestial music to the archive enacts a form of Heideggerian vermeiden, where the ‘spiritual’ potential of music is revealed only by avoiding its expression. From outside the published work, the choir haunts the text, anticipated though never arriving, yet always already present in its genesis.
La dilution du point ou le travail du point ‘cassant’ dans l’ œuvre de Beckett
Authors: Germoni Karine 
Published: August 2020

Résumé
La dilution du point dans la littérature contemporaine prend la forme chez Beckett d’ un point ‘cassant’ récurrent dont le traitement, en regard des paramètres syntaxique et générique, évolue dans la diachronie. Ce sont les modalités des mises en œuvre de ce point ‘cassant,’ qui réverbèrent les problématiques et la poétique de l’ entre-deux au cœur de l’ opus beckettien, leurs effets, leur charge stylistique et poétique, que nous nous proposons d’ étudier dans le théâtre et la prose de l’ auteur, en puisant nos différents exemples dans les périodes les plus représentatives de son œuvre.
“je crois peut-être que tout est vrai”
Authors: Jeantroux Myriam 
Published: August 2020

Résumé
Le chemin qui mène des premiers manuscrits de Fin de partie à la dernière révision du texte sur la scène londonienne en 1980 est celui d’ un déploiement de l’ incertitude. Cette esthétique de l’ ambiguïté procède par toute une série de gommages et de déplacements qui clôturent l’ espace scénique, rendent équivoque la situation des personnages et donnent à lire, dans le processus même de l’ écriture, une poétique du doute qui interroge l’ origine et le sens de la création littéraire.
Éluard en résidu surréaliste dans l’ œuvre de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Posse Bernard-Olivier 
Published: August 2020

Résumé
Cet article analyse les relations de Samuel Beckett avec l’ un des poètes phares du surréalisme français : Paul Eluard. Malgré de nombreux rapprochements entre l’ auteur irlandais et le mouvement d’ avant-garde dans la critique beckettienne, l’ appréhension systématique de cette position n’ a jamais été entreprise. Cet article se donne donc pour objectif de tracer un rapide regard sur l’ échange et le dialogue esthétique entretenu par Beckett avec Paul Eluard. Seront mises en avant les traductions du poète français effectuées par Beckett pour la revue This Quarter, ainsi que leurs relations avec certains des textes critiques écrits par Beckett durant les années trente au sein desquels le poète français apparaît, soit en filigrane, soit textuellement.
Representation, conceptualization and positioning in Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Cap Piotr 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present paper explores the current nexus between Cognitive Linguistics (CL) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), focusing on theories of conceptual positioning, distancing and perspective-taking in discourse space. It assesses the strengths, limitations, and prospects for further operationalization of positioning as a valid methodology in CDA, and political discourse studies in particular. In the first part, I review the cognitive models of positioning that have made the most significant contribution to CDA. Discussing Deictic Space Theory and Text World Theory, among others, I argue that these models reveal further theoretical potential which has not been exploited yet. While they offer a comprehensive and plausible account of how representations and ideologically charged worldviews are established, they fail to deliver a pragmatic explanation of how addressees are made to establish a worldview, in the service of speaker’s goals. The second part of the paper outlines Proximization Theory, a discursive model of crisis and conflict construction in political discourse. I argue that, unlike the other models, it fully captures the complex geopolitical and ideological positioning in political discourse space, providing a viable handle on the dynamics of conflict between the opposing ideologies of the space.
Expansion-relevant final but for preference organisation
Authors: Hata Kazuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on the utilisation of but in English at turn-final placement regarding provisions for what follows next, where the token is not a display of a traditional sense of content-level contrasts. The production of final buts in this article is a point of expansion relevance and emergent as a means of intersubjectively creating another opportunity space to deal with the ongoing disaffiliation or lack of resources. My observations particularly unpack the contextual properties of final buts. First, a but-turn is designed not strictly to show a partial agreement and back down from the original statement. It can be more plausibly argued that the but-turn indicates which resource of interaction is (or is not) requested at that specific moment to accomplish the ongoing agenda. Second, a projected action of reworking can be formulated in collaborative completion with a co-participant explicating the account to the but-turn.
An implicature account of metaphorical perspective
Authors: Arseneault Madeleine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper develops an account of metaphor and its cognitive value. The motivation for this account lies in two considerations: 1) there is a problem, the proposition problem, that plagues many accounts of metaphor and its cognitive value, and 2) a recent criticism of Grice’s program and its semantic-pragmatic distinction by Lepore and Stone (2015) is grounded on the assumption that its account of metaphor is saddled with the proposition problem. Thus there is a need for an account of metaphor that explains its cognitive value without raising the proposition problem, and if successful, we also remove a criticism of Grice’s program. The proposed account of metaphor is one according to which, in uttering a metaphor, the speaker conversationally implicates a metaphorical perspective. This account of metaphor’s cognitive value is grounded in an understanding of metaphorical perspective as itself non-propositional.
“You Weakened Him”
Authors: Emmett Grace 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article will explore the manner in which the masculinity of Jesus, played by Joaquin Phoenix, is constructed in Mary Magdalene (2018), considering what sort of impression the viewer is left with of Jesus as a man. Framed around the accusation that Peter makes of Mary towards the end of the film when he says to her, ‘You weakened him [Jesus]’, this paper uses theory from Judith Butler and Raewyn Connell to analyse the way in which Jesus’s masculinity is performed. Focusing on the presentation of his body and voice and how these reflect a conflicted sense of identity—particularly with reference to the raising of Lazarus scene—it is argued that Jesus is presented in conventionally ‘unmanly’ ways, but that this contributes to a broadly positive construction of masculinity, as Jesus’s character is performatively aligned with Mary’s.
Global Governance “As It Was, Is and Ought to Be”
Authors: Gill Stephen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This essay reflects on the past, present, and potential future of global governance, its historical practices and principles, the interests it has served, and who/what it has included/excluded or marginalized. It initially explores ontological, conceptual, and normative issues, and how these have been historically connected to the dynamics of world orders, patterns of global governance, and global capitalism. It reflects on developments from the eleventh century up to World War II and critically appraises presently dominant principles and practices of global governance—in order to highlight key questions concerning the future. The essay asks whether current practices are in contradiction to the material and human interests and indeed the very survival of humankind and the integrity of the planet, its biosphere, and its life-forms. It concludes by identifying some forms of political agency that might help reshape governance towards more equitable, socially just and sustainable planetary governance.