bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS AND ORGANIZATIONAL BASES OF OPERATIONAL SEARCH PREVENTION CARRIED OUT BY OPERATIVES OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Галахов Сергей Сергеевич , Голубцова Ксения Ивановна 
Published: August 2020

Статья посвящена рассмотрению проблем и организационных основ оперативно-розыскной профилактики, осуществляемой оперативными сотрудниками исправительных учреждений ФСИН России. Под оперативно-розыскной профилактикой (далее - ОРП) правонарушений в исправительных учреждениях (далее - ИУ) понимается комплекс гласных и негласных агентурных и оперативно-розыскных мероприятий, проводимых в отношении лиц, которые были осуждены к наказанию в виде лишения свободы, с целью выявления, изучения, а также нейтрализации различных негативных факторов, способствующих возникновению у данных лиц умысла на совершение правонарушения. Авторами отмечается, что в процессе проведения оперативно-розыскных мероприятий особое внимание необходимо уделять нейтрализации влияния лидеров отрицательной направленности, которая эффективна лишь при развенчании их авторитета. Вместе с тем организация ОРП в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы имеет свои особенности. Главная из них заключается в том, что в работе по ОРП, помимо оперативных сотрудников, принимают участие и иные сотрудники учреждения, а в ряде случаев и сотрудники иных организаций и ведомств. Это обусловливает необходимость использования в организации их работы методов программно-целевого управления. Рассмотренные в данной статье вопросы ОРП должны, по мнению авторов, способствовать снижению уровня криминализации осужденных.
The article examines the problems and organizational bases of operational search prevention carried out by operatives of penal institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Operational search prevention (hereinafter referred to as OSP) of offenses in penal institutions (hereinafter referred to as PI) refers to a set of public and secret agent and operational search activities carried out in relation to persons sentenced to imprisonment, to identify, study, and neutralize various negative factors that contribute to the emergence of illegal persons to commit a crime. The authors note that in the process of conducting operational investigative measures, special attention should be paid to neutralizing the influence of negative leaders, which is effective only when "debunking" their authority. According to the authors, the issues of OSP considered in this article should contribute to reducing the level of criminalization of convicted persons. It is in these conditions that it is possible to effectively implement the key role of the Federal penitentiary service of Russia as a multi-functional subject for the prevention of penitentiary crime in correctional institutions.
CRIMINAL AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF PHYSICAL FORCE AND SPECIAL MEANS ABUSEBY PENAL STAFF
Authors: Латыпова Динара Мансуровна 
Published: August 2020

В статье рассматриваются вопросы квалификации действий сотрудников исправительных учреждений, применяющих физическую силу и специальные средства к осужденным в случаях, предусмотренных действующим законодательством. На основе анализа статистических данных, научной литературы проводится исследование квалификации действий сотрудника в рамках реализации своего права на необходимую оборону и причинение вреда при задержании осужденного, совершающего противоправные действия. Исследуются вопросы разграничения правомерных действий сотрудника пенитенциарного учреждения, применяющего физическую силу и специальные средства в случае нападения на него осужденного от превышения должностных полномочий. Анализируются положения уголовного законодательства, материалы судебной практики по исследуемой теме, указываются пробелы в регулировании вопросов квалификации в постановлениях Пленума Верховного суда РФ. Обосновывается необходимость закрепления нового обстоятельства, исключающего преступность деяния в случае действий сотрудника исправительного учреждения, применяющего физическую силу и специальные средства. Предлагается внесение изменений в уголовно-правовую норму о превышении должностных полномочий, а именно разграничение квалифицирующих и особо квалифицирующих признаков состава в зависимости от применения физической силы, специальных средств либо оружия.
The article deals with the qualification of actions of penal officers using physical force and special means in relation to convicted persons in cases prescribed by current legislation. Based on the analysis of statistical data and scientific literature, a study is conducted concerning the qualifications of the penal officers’ actions in the framework of the exercise of their rights to the necessary defense and harm when detaining a convictcommitted unlawful acts. The issues of delimitation of lawful actions of a penal officer using physical force and special means in the case of an attack on him by a convict from exceeding official powersare considered. The provisions of the criminal law, judicial practice materials on the topic under study are analyzed, the gaps in the regulation of qualification issues are indicated in the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The need fora newfactcaptureexcluding criminality of an act in the case of actions on the part of a penal officer using physical force and special means is demonstrated. It is suggested to amend the criminal legal norm on exceeding official powers, namely the distinction between qualifying and especially qualifying features of the elements depending on the use of physical force, special means or weapons.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF SAFE CONDITIONS ORGANIZATION DURING THE PROTECTION OF SICK CONVICTED AS WELL AS DETAINED PERSONS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL HEALTH SYSTEMS
Authors: Шиханов Вячеслав Александрович , Казначеев Валерий Александрович 
Published: August 2020

В статье подробно изучены и проанализированы нормативно-правовые акты Российской Федерации, охраняющие жизнь и здоровье каждого человека, так как данные нормативно-правовые акты в такой же мере распространяются и на лиц, находящихся в местах лишения свободы. Актуальность данной проблемы, на наш взгляд, обусловлена тем, что в своей практической деятельности администрация учреждения часто сталкивается с вопросом такого характера. Это в свою очередь порождает ряд проблем современной УИС: медицинское обеспечение УИС, сокращение численности штата, плохо организованное сотрудничество с государственными медицинскими учреждениями, что также было рассмотрено в данной работе. Авторы, проанализировав вышеупомянутые пробелы в УИС, предложили свои пути решения, которые, по их мнению, позволят решить как основную проблему - организацию безопасных условий во время охраны осужденных и заключенных под стражу лиц в медицинских учреждениях, так и сопутствующие проблемы.
In this work, the author examined in detail the problematic issues of organizing safe conditions during the protection of convicted and detained persons in state and municipal medical institutions. For this, the author thoroughly studied and analyzed the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation protecting the life and health of each person, since the data of the legal acts apply to persons in prison to the same extent. In my opinion, the problem of this article in prisons is relevant today, since in its practical activities the administration of the institution often faces a question of this nature. I believe that the relevance of this article gives rise to many gaps that are inherent in penal correction systems, such as: medical support of Penal System, downsizing, poorly organized cooperation with state medical institutions, which was also considered in this paper. Having analyzed the above-mentioned gaps inherent in the Penal System, the author proposed his own solutions, which, in his opinion, will solve both the main problem, the organization of safe conditions during the protection of convicted and detained persons in medical institutions, and related gaps in general.
Determinants of the Audiometric Notch at 4000 and 6000 Hz in Young Adults
Authors: Bhatt Ishan Sunilkumar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is often characterized by the presence of an audiometric notch at 3000-6000 Hz in a behavioral audiogram. The audiometric notch is widely used to investigate NIHL in children and young adults. However, the determinants of the audiometric notch in young adults largely remain unknown.
Purpose The study aimed to investigate the determinants of the audiometric notch in young adults.
Research Design A cross-sectional design was adopted for the study.
Study Sample A sample of 124 adults (38 males and 86 females) aged 18-35 years with normal otoscopic and tympanometric findings was recruited.
Data Collection and Analysis Hearing thresholds and real-ear sound pressure levels (RESPLs) were obtained with calibrated ER-3A (Etymotic Research, Elk Grove Village, IL) andTDH-50P receivers (Telephonics, Farmingdale, NY). Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were used to evaluate the cochlear function. The external auditory canal (EAC) length was measured using the acoustical method. Noise exposure background (NEB) was estimated using the Noise Exposure Questionnaire. The notched audiograms were identified using: Phillips, Coles, and Niskar criteria.
Results The prevalence of notched audiograms was substantially higher for TDH-50P supra-aural receivers than for ER-3A insert receivers. RESPLs at 6000 and 8000 Hz were the major predictors of notched audiograms for TDH-50P receivers. These predictors explained around 45% of the variance in the notched audiograms. The notched audiograms obtained with TDH-50P receivers showed no association with NEB. Individuals with notched audiograms measured using TDH-50P did not show convincing evidence of cochlear dysfunction as assessed by DPOAEs. Individuals with notched audiograms obtained with TDH-50P receivers revealed an average of shorter EAC and a poorer hearing threshold at 6000 Hz.
Conclusions The calibration error in the RESPLs at 6000 and 8000 Hz that are likely to be influenced by the shorter EAC was the major determinant of the notched audiograms when the supra-aural transducers were used to measure hearing thresholds. Therefore, the supra-aural receivers should not be used to estimate the prevalence of NIHL in children and young adults when the less restrictive notch identification criteria are used to identify NIHL. Real-ear calibration techniques that are least influenced by the standing waves in the EAC should be preferred when investigating the prevalence of and risk factors for NIHL in young adults.
Normative Values of Saccades and Smooth
Pursuit in Children Aged 5 to 17 Years
Authors: Sinno Solara , Najem Fadi , Abouchacra Kim Smith , Perrin Philippe , Dumas Georges 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Pediatric oculomotor function
can be evaluated via videonystagmography. Adult
normative data for saccades and smooth pursuit
tests cannot be used as a benchmark for pediatric
patients because children's peripheral and central
systems continue to mature throughout
adolescence.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to
establish normative data for saccade and smooth
pursuit tests that can be used clinically in the
assessment of vestibular and neurological
disorders in children, and to investigate the
effect of age and eye movement direction
(left/right) on tests parameters.
Research Design The present study is
prospective cross-sectional study.
Study Sample A total of 120 healthy
children were recruited and equally distributed
according to age and gender to each of the
following groups: 5-8, 9-11, 12-14, and 15-17
years old. Participants had to pass a
comprehensive otological and neurological
assessment prior to inclusion in the study. Each
subject underwent saccade and smooth pursuit
testing.
Data Collection and Analysis Saccade
latency, velocity and accuracy/precision, and
smooth pursuit gain were analyzed across groups
using a two-way repeated measure multivariate
analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Results Saccadic latency was longer in
the youngest group aged 5-8 years old
(305 ± 48 msec) in comparison to children aged
9-11 years old (276 ± 22 msec) (P = 0.017), 12-14
years old (252 ± 34 msec) (P = 0.001) adolescents
15-17 years (256 ± 33 msec) (P = 0.001). Age did
not affect the results of saccadic velocity and
accuracy/precision. Saccade parameters (latency,
velocity, accuracy/ precision) were not affected
by oculomotor direction (left vs. right). Smooth
pursuit gain increased from 0.63 in children aged
5-8 years old to 0.85 in children aged 15-17 years
(P = 0.0001). The percentage of gain asymmetry was
significantly different in the youngest two
groups.
Conclusion Saccade latency decreased as
age increased. Smooth pursuit gains increased with
increased age. Saccade velocity and
accuracy/precision did not change significantly
from ages 5-8 to 15-17 years of age. These data
provide normative values for pediatric oculomotor
evaluation and suggest that saccade and pursuit
pathways may mature at different rates.
Preliminary Examination of the Accuracy of
a Fall Detection Device Embedded into Hearing
Instruments
Authors: Burwinkel Justin R. , Xu Buye , Crukley Jeff 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Accidental falls are a
significant health risk to older adults and
patients seen in audiology clinics. Personal
emergency response systems are effective in
preventing long lies (defined as remaining on the
floor or ground for greater than one hour after a
fall), but some individuals would prefer to wear
less-conspicuous devices than a traditional
neck-worn pendant. No previous investigation has
compared the accuracy of head-worn fall detection
devices with those worn on other parts of the
body. In this study, we compared the accuracy of
one commonly used fall detection pendant with two
variants of a new hearing instrument-based fall
detection system.
Purpose The purpose of the study was to
evaluate the accuracy of detecting falls by using
inertial sensors embedded in hearing
instruments.
Research Design A study with repeated
measures for one group.
Study Sample Ten young adults served as
participants. All participants had normal or
corrected-to-normal vision during testing.
Individuals were excluded if they had
self-reported cardiac disorders, recent
concussions, or musculoskeletal
conditions.
Data Collection and Analysis Data were
collected from inertial measurement unit (IMU)
sensors, embedded into a binaural set of hearing
instruments, during laboratory-based simulations
of falls, near-falls, and activities of daily
living (ADLs). The detection state of a fall
detection pendant was simultaneously recorded
during performance of each trial and compared with
the outputs of offline hearing instrument firmware
emulators.
Results One hearing instrument-based fall
detection system was more accurate than the fall
detection pendant. A second hearing
instrument-based fall detection system performed
similar to the fall detection pendant. Each of the
three fall detection systems investigated were
robust against false-positive detections during
ADLs.
Conclusions Preliminary findings
demonstrate that hearing instruments embedded with
a fall detection device (FDD) may be a suitable
alternative to more traditional forms of FDDs
(e.g., pendant, wrist-worn device, etc.) for
detecting falls and potentially preventing long
lies.
Comparison of Cortical Auditory Evoked
Potential Findings in Presbycusis with Low and
High Word Recognition Score
Authors: Gürkan Selhan , Durankaya Serpil Mungan , Mutlu Başak , İşler Yalçın , Uzun Yiğit Ö. , Başokçu Oğuz , Erdağ Taner Kemal , Kırkım Günay 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Deteriorated speech
understanding is a common complaint in elderly
people, and behavioral tests are used for routine
clinical assessment of this problem. Cortical
auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are frequently
used for assessing speech detection and
discrimination abilities of the elderly, and give
promise for differential diagnosis of speech
understanding problems.
Purpose The aim of the study was to
compare the P1, N1, and P2 CAEP latencies and
amplitudes in presbycusis with low and high word
recognition score (WRS).
Research Design A cross-sectional study
design was used forthe study. Two groups were
formed from the patients with presbycusis based on
their scores on the speech recognition
test.
Study Sample Fifty-seven elderly
volunteers participated in the study. The first
group composed of 27 participants with high WRS,
the other group composed of 30 participants with
low WRS.
Data Collection and Analysis The CAEP
waves were recorded from these participants using
speech signals. Latencies and amplitudes of P1
-N1-P2 waves of the two groups were compared with
the f-test statistic.
Results There were significant
prolongation of P1 and N1 latencies in presbycusis
with low WRS when compared with presbycusis with a
relatively high word score (p < 0.05).
Conclusion According to the result of the
research, P1 and N1 latencies of presbycusis with
low WRS were longer than the participants with
high WRS. Factors affecting peripheral auditory
system, such as stimulus sensation level, might be
responsible for P1 and N1 latency prolongation of
the low WRS group.
Radio Emission from Ultra-stripped Supernovae as Diagnostics for Properties of the Remnant Double Neutron Star Binaries
Authors: Matsuoka Tomoki , Maeda Keiichi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
An ultra-stripped supernova (SN) is an explosion of a helium or C+O star whose outer envelope has been stripped away by a companion neutron star. A double neutron star (DNS) binary is believed to be left after the explosion, which will emit the gravitational wave later at the coalescence. Recent detections of a few candidates for the ultra-stripped SN have constrained the properties of the explosion and the progenitor, but little information is given as to whether the remnant DNS binary will merge within the cosmic age. A large fraction of the material stripped away from the helium star through the binary interaction is expected to escape from the system and form circumstellar material (CSM). The CSM should be traced by radio emission induced by the collision with the SN ejecta. Based on the stellar evolution models previously developed, we calculate the expected radio luminosities from ultra-stripped SNe. We find that high radio luminosity at its maximum can be an indicator of small separation of a DNS binary leading to its merger within the cosmic age. Our results can be used to optimize the strategy for the radio follow-up observations such as observational epochs and frequencies.
Low-albedo Surfaces of Lava Worlds
Authors: Essack Zahra , Seager Sara , Pajusalu Mihkel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hot super-Earths are exoplanets with short orbital periods (<10 days), heated by their host stars to temperatures high enough for their rocky surfaces to become molten. A few hot super-Earths exhibit high geometric albedos (>0.4) in the Kepler band (420–900 nm). We are motivated to determine whether reflection from molten lava and quenched glasses (a product of rapidly cooled lava) on the surfaces of hot super-Earths contribute to the observationally inferred high geometric albedos. We experimentally measure reflection from rough- and smooth-textured quenched glasses of both basalt and feldspar melts. For lava reflectance values, we use specular reflectance values of molten silicates from non-crystalline solids literature. Integrating the empirical glass reflectance function and non-crystalline solids reflectance values over the dayside surface of the exoplanet at secondary eclipse yields an upper limit for the albedo of a lava-quenched glass planet surface of ∼0.1. We conclude that lava planets with solid (quenched glass) or liquid (lava) surfaces have low albedos. The high albedos of some hot super-Earths are most likely explained by atmospheres with reflective clouds (or, for a narrow range of parameter space, possibly Ca/Al oxide melt surfaces). Lava planet candidates in TESS data can be identified for follow-up observations and future characterization.
Nuclear Reaction Screening, Weak Interactions, and r-process Nucleosynthesis in High Magnetic Fields
Authors: Famiano Michael , Balantekin A. Baha , Kajino T. , Kusakabe M. , Mori K. , Luo Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Coulomb screening and weak interactions in a hot, magnetized plasma are investigated. Coulomb screening is evaluated in a relativistic thermal plasma in which electrons and positrons are in equilibrium. In addition to temperature effects, effects on weak screening from a strong external magnetic field are evaluated. In high fields, the electron transverse momentum components are quantized into Landau levels. The characteristic plasma screening length at high temperatures and at high magnetic fields is explored. In addition to changes to the screening length, changes in weak interaction rates are estimated. It is found that high fields can result in increased β-decay rates as the electron and positron spectra are dominated by Landau levels. Finally, the effects studied here are evaluated in a simple r-process model. It is found that relativistic Coulomb screening has a small effect on the final abundance distribution. While changes in weak interaction rates in strong magnetic fields can have an effect on the r-process evolution and abundance distribution, the field strength required to have a significant effect may be larger than what is currently thought to be typical of the r-process environment in collapsar jets or neutron star mergers. If r-process sites exist in fields

G, effects from fields on weak decays could be significant.
Detections of Simultaneous Brightening of γ-Ray and Optical Emissions of a Distant Blazar GB 1508+5714 at Redshift 4.3
Authors: Liao Neng-Hui , Li Shang , Sheng Zhen-Feng , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
GB 1508+5714 is a high-redshift blazar (z = 4.3), and a spectrally soft γ-ray source has been detected in its direction. By analyzing 11.4 yr Fermi Large Area Telescope data, significant long-term variability of the γ-ray source is confirmed. More importantly, a γ-ray emission flare appeared in an epoch of several tens of days in 2018, when the flux was about four times the value from the global fit. Meanwhile, optical flares were displayed in both the r and i bands from the Zwicky Transient Facility light curves. Detections of the simultaneous γ-ray and optical brightening provide decisive evidence to pin down the association between the γ-ray source and GB 1508+5714, which makes it the first identified γ-ray blazar beyond redshift 4. A broadband spectral energy distribution in the high flux state is constructed, and the origin of the multiwavelength brightening is also briefly discussed. Upcoming wide–deep–fast optical telescopes together with the γ-ray sky surveyors will shed light on the role that the active galactic nucleus jets play in the early cosmic time.
Red Satellite Galaxies: The Best Tracers of Host-mass Distribution in the Illustris-TNG100 Simulation
Authors: McDonough Bryanne , Brainerd Tereasa G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We use the IllustrisTNG100-1 simulation to investigate the degree to which satellite galaxies trace the mass density of large, isolated host galaxies. As expected, the mass density profiles of the host galaxies are well fitted by Navarro, Frenk & White profiles. The degree to which the satellite number density profiles trace the hosts’ mass density profiles is a strong function of host and satellite color. For red hosts, the number density profile of blue satellites is significantly less than the host mass density profile for all host-satellite separations r ≲ 0.8r
200. For blue hosts, the number density profile of blue satellites agrees fairly well with the host mass density profile for all host-satellite separations r ≲ 0.8r
200. For both red and blue hosts, we find that red satellites are the best tracers of the mass density profiles within the hosts’ virial radii.