bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges to well-being for general practice trainee doctors: a qualitative study of their experiences and coping strategies
Authors: Ansell Sarah , Read James , Bryce Marie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposes of the studyTo identify the challenges to well-being experienced by general practice postgraduate trainees and to explore how the trainees respond to those challenges.Study designQualitative focus group study with doctors in their final year of general practice training (n=16). The participants in the study were recruited from one training scheme in South West England. Data were thematically analysed.ResultsParticipants reported challenges to well-being relating to dysfunctional relationships with colleagues and patients, their workload, a perceived lack of support at work and also physical environmental challenges. They identified response strategies focused on cognitive processing, physical self-care, focusing on their professional purpose, building supportive relationships and adapting their working environment where possible. Additionally, there were factors that could support trainee well-being, including personal factors such as adaptability and self-awareness, but also external and organisational factors, such as culture, supportive colleagues and organisational adaptability in relation to workload management. The importance to trainees of the idea of being a ‘good doctor’ arose repeatedly in the data, as did the importance of the organisational environment. Participants reported finding their training placements in secondary care environments particularly challenging.ConclusionThis research highlights the strategies that general practice trainees use in response to challenges, but also that the responsibility for maintaining well-being cannot be borne by individuals alone. This study identifies that supportive approaches by healthcare organisations and educators are vitally important to general practitioner trainees’ well-being.
Combining the small-x evolution and DGLAP for description of inclusive photon induced processes
Authors: Ermolaev B. I. , Troyan S. I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study amplitudes of the inclusive photon induced high-energy processes: elastic Compton scattering off hadrons and photoproduction. Although description of these amplitudes includes both non-perturbative and perturbative contributions, QCD factorization makes possible to study them separately. Throughout the present paper we focus on the perturbative amplitudes and study such amplitudes in all available in the literature forms of QCD factorization: Collinear, $$K_T$$KT and Basic. As a result, we obtain expressions for the perturbative Compton amplitudes, which can be used at arbitrary x and $$Q^2$$Q2 in any form of QCD factorization. Putting $$Q^2 = 0$$Q2=0 in those expressions allows us to obtain expressions for the perturbative components of the photoproduction amplitudes. The small-x asymptotics of the Compton amplitudes in any form of QCD factorization are of the Regge type, with the Reggeon being a double-logarithmic (non-BFKL) contribution to Pomeron.
Arterial baroreflex regulation of muscle sympathetic single-unit activity in men: influence of resting blood pressure
Authors: Incognito Anthony V. , Samora Milena , Shepherd Andrew D. , Cartafina Roberta A. , Guimarães Gabriel M. N. , Daher Mauricio , Millar Philip J. , Vianna Lauro C. 
Published: March 2020

The arterial baroreflex has dominant control over multiunit muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) burst occurrence, but whether this extends to all single units or is influenced by resting blood pressure status is unclear. In 22 men (32 ± 8 yr), we assessed 68 MSNA single units during sequential bolus injections of nitroprusside and phenylephrine (modified Oxford). Sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity (sBRS) was quantified as the weighted negative linear regression slope between diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and single-unit spike firing probability and multiple spike firing. Strong negative linear relationships ( r ≥ −0.50) between DBP and spike firing probability were observed in 63/68 (93%) single units (−2.27 ± 1.27%·cardiac cycle−1·mmHg−1 [operating range, 18 ± 8 mmHg]). In contrast, only 45/68 (66%) single units had strong DBP-multiple spike firing relationships (−0.13 ± 0.18 spikes·cardiac cycle−1·mmHg−1 [operating range, 14 ± 7 mmHg]). Participants with higher resting DBP (65 ± 3 vs. 77 ± 3 mmHg, P < 0.001) had similar spike firing probability sBRS (low vs. high, −2.08 ± 1.08 vs. −2.46 ± 1.42%·cardiac cycle−1·mmHg−1, P = 0.33), but a smaller sBRS operating range (20 ± 6 vs. 16 ± 9 mmHg, P = 0.01; 86 ± 24 vs. 52 ± 25% of total range, P < 0.001) and a higher proportion of single units without arterial baroreflex control outside this range [6/31 (19%) vs. 21/32 (66%), P < 0.001]. Participants with higher resting DBP also had fewer single units with arterial baroreflex control of multiple spike firing (79 vs. 53%, P = 0.04). The majority of MSNA single units demonstrate strong arterial baroreflex control over spike firing probability during pharmacological manipulation of blood pressure. Changes in single-unit sBRS operating range and control of multiple spike firing may represent altered sympathetic recruitment patterns associated with the early development of hypertension. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Muscle sympathetic single units can be differentially controlled during stress. In contrast, we demonstrate that 93% of single units maintain strong arterial baroreflex control during pharmacological manipulation of blood pressure. Interestingly, the operating range and proportion of single units that lose arterial baroreflex control outside of this range are influenced by resting blood pressure levels. Altered single unit, but not multiunit, arterial baroreflex control may represent changes in sympathetic recruitment patterns in early stage development of hypertension.
A fuzzy neighborhood rough set method for anomaly detection in large scale data
Authors: Marouane EL Meziati , Elhoussaine Ziyati 
Published: March 2020

Mining Outlier in database is to find exceptional objects that deviate from the rest of the datasets. Besides classical outlier analysis algorithms, recent studies have focused on mining local outliers. The outliers that have density distribution significantly different from their neighborhood. However, the existing outlier detection algorithms suffer the drawbacks that they are inefficient in dealing with large scale datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for outlier detection with voluminous data. This approach involves a neighborhood fuzzy rough set theory to rank outlier according to fuzzy membership function computed in rough approximation space. In order to improve the speed of computation, an efficient parallel computing system based on Map Reduce model is developed
Sampling efficiency, bias and shyness in funnel trapping aquatic newts
Authors: Arntzen Jan W. , Zuiderwijk Annie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A lightweight, collapsible funnel trap designed for crayfish was furnished with a smaller mesh and then used to study adult breeding populations of five species of newts in five ponds in France. Observations were made in spring, at the peak of breeding activity, over an 11-year period. Annual experiments involved on average 7.7 traps and 5.3 overnight sampling sessions at 2.0 day intervals. In 95 out of 171 experiments (56%) the probability for an individual to go undetected was <1%. A trend was observed for catchability to increase with body size (Lissotriton < Ichthyosaura < Triturus). The two Triturus species involved were frequently exhaustively sampled in a single overnight session. In spite of their smaller size, L. helveticus males were more readily captured than females, presumably reflecting breeding associated locomotor activity. The numbers captured decreased over time suggesting ‘trap shyness’ to operate. We noted some predation by diving beetles (family Dytiscidae) affecting L. helveticus males in particular.
Looking Back and Looking Forward in Negotiation and Conflict Research
Authors: Druckman Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this article, I look back primarily at the research accomplishments made by my various collaborative teams to date and look forward toward the gaps that remain to be filled. Key insights and gaps are discussed on five research topics: group attachments and representation, turning points, social justice, values and interests, and conceptual learning. A concluding section highlights key discoveries that provide fertile ground for new research. Examples include the pulls and pushes of stakeholders, the role played by crises in producing turning points, connecting micro- to macro-level processes, the link between values and identities, and the thought processes that are encouraged by design activities. Further, advances in methodologies contribute to the next generation of studies on negotiation and conflict.
Trade Negotiations at the (Possible) End of Multilateral Institutionalism
Authors: Singh J.P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Multilateral negotiations are often facilitated through international organizations, but are not coterminous with them. This essay advances a few ‘mid-level’ propositions with respect to the negotiation structure that provides an overall context and the negotiation process where tactics guide the exchange of concessions. In terms of negotiation structure, a stable institutional structure is giving rise to a transitional one resulting in system spoilers in international negotiations leading to deadlocks and no-agreements. The bargaining phases are marked with games of chicken and grand-standing making it hard to effectively practice common negotiation tactics such as coalition-building, trade-offs and linkages. The article provides examples from the Uruguay Round and the breakdown of the Doha Round of trade negotiations through the World Trade Organization. The essay’s propositions address the breakdown of existing multilateralism through international organizations, but also document the continuation of underlying multilateral principles.
Indian Christian Spiritual Autobiography
Authors: Chaturvedi Namrata 
Published: March 2020

Krupabai Satthianadhan’s Saguna (1887–88), initially serialised in the Madras Christian College magazine is rightfully regarded as the first Indian spiritual autobiographical novel. Any study of this narrative compels one to explore the influence of the Evangelical autobiography on this genre in nineteenth century India as well as to engage with the distinctive aspects of an Indian Christian woman’s spiritual quest in British India. This study also argues for focus on the spiritual life of Indian Christianity as a valid way of according recognition to the experiences and struggles of the life of a religion that is outside of mainstream religious discourse in contemporary India.
A Tamil Pietist in Ceylon: The Educational Experiments of Christian David
Authors: Balmforth Mark E. 
Published: March 2020

This microhistory of the early nineteenth-century school-building efforts of a Tamil preacher in British Ceylon tracks an intersection between missionary education, British colonialism, and South Asian modernity. Christian David (1771–1852) was born into a Tamil Christian family with deep connections to the Royal Danish-Halle Mission at Tranquebar and educated by German missionaries Christian Friedrich Schwartz and Christoph Samuel John, like his more famous contemporaries King Serfoji ii of Tanjore and the celebrated Christian poet Vētanāyakam Cāstiriyār. In the year 1801, after declining employment in Serfoji’s court, David accepted an offer to become ‘Preacher in the Malabar Language in the District of Jafnapatam’. Drawing upon his extensive, albeit little-known writings, this essay argues that David expanded upon the mixed Tamil-German education of his childhood and the pedagogical experimentation of his missionary mentors to propose and construct a pioneering and consequential state-funded boarding school explicitly seeking to cultivate governable subjects.
The Role of Extratropical Background Flow in Modulating the MJO Extratropical Response
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Kar-Man Chang Edmund 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of tropical intraseasonal variability. Many studies have found that the MJO, which acts as a tropical heating source, can excite Rossby waves that propagate into the midlatitude and modulate midlatitude circulation. The extratropical mean flow can modulate the MJO extratropical response. Rossby waves can grow or decay in different extratropical background flows, and the propagation of the Rossby waves also varies as the background flow acts as a waveguide. In this study, how extratropical mean flow modulates the MJO extratropical response is explored by using a nonlinear baroclinic primitive equation model. MJO-associated heating, as an external forcing of the model, is imposed into scenarios with different extratropical background flows. Different background flow modulates the generation and advection of the vorticity anomalies induced by the MJO, which determines the initial location and strength of the Rossby waves. The midlatitude waveguides can be different as the background flow changes. As the propagation of Rossby waves follows the waveguides, the background flow determines whether the Rossby waves are trapped in the Pacific Ocean region or can propagate to the north and to the east into North America. The experiments also show that the anomalies associated with the Rossby waves can extract energy from the midlatitude jet over the jet exit region and the southern flank of the jet. This further modulates the strength, location, and duration of the MJO extratropical response.
Toward Identifying Subseasonal Forecasts of Opportunity Using North American Weather Regimes
Authors: Robertson Andrew W. , Vigaud Nicolas , Yuan Jing , Tippett Michael K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge-scale atmospheric circulation regime structures are used to diagnose subseasonal forecasts of wintertime geopotential height fields over the North American sector, from the NCEP CFSv2 model. Four large-scale daily circulation regimes derived from reanalysis 500-hPa geopotential height data using K-means clustering are used as a low-dimensional basis for diagnosing the model’s forecasts up to 45 days ahead. On average, hindcast skill in regime space is found to be limited to 10–15 days ahead, in terms of anomaly correlation of 5-day averages of regime counts, over the 1999–2010 period. However, skill up to 30 days ahead is identified in individual winters, and intraseasonal episodes of high skill are identified using a forecast-evolution graphical tool. A striking vacillation between the West Coast and Pacific ridge patterns during December–January 2008/09 is shown to be predicted 20–25 days in advance, illustrating the possibility to identify “forecasts of opportunity” when subseasonal forecast skill is much higher than the average. The forecast-evolution tool also provides insight into the poor seasonal forecasts of California precipitation by operational centers during the 2015/16 El Niño winter. The Pacific trough regime is shown to be greatly overpredicted beyond 1–2 weeks in advance during the 2015/16 winter, with weather-scale features dominating the forecast evolution at shorter lead times. A similar though less extreme situation took place during the weaker El Niño of 2009/10, with the Pacific trough overforecast at S2S lead times.
Quantification of healthcare workers’ exposure to cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil by 24-h urine assay: A descriptive pilot study
Authors: Palamini Marie , Dufour Annick , Therrien Roxane , Delisle Jean-François , Mercier Geneviève , Gagné Sébastien , Caron Nicolas , Bussières Jean-François 
Published: March 2020

Purpose The objective of this pilot study was to determine the frequency of urination and the concentration of four hazardous drugs (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil) in workers’ 24-h urine samples in relation to exposure to traces with hazardous drugs. Methods The study was conducted in three healthcare centers in the region of Montréal, Quebec, Canada. We recruited healthcare workers (nurses and pharmacy technicians) assigned to the hematology-oncology department. Each participant was asked to collect all urine voided during a 24-h period, to fill out an activity journal documenting tasks performed and to document the use of personal protective equipment. Samples were analyzed for cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL, the main urinary metabolite of 5-fluorouracil). Drugs were quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (positive electrospray MRM mode). Results Eighteen healthcare workers (10 nurses and 8 technicians) were recruited and provided consent to participate. Urine samples were obtained between 1 September and 30 September 2019. The number of urinations over the 24-h collection period ranged from 3 to 11 per participant. A total of 128 urine samples were analyzed for the 18 workers. All urine samples were negative for the four antineoplastics tested. Conclusion No traces of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, or FBAL were found in the 24-h urine samples of 18 healthcare workers practicing in three healthcare facilities in Quebec. Although it was feasible to collect 24-h urine samples in this research project, it appears unrealistic to do so recurrently as part of a large-scale surveillance program.
Evaluation of Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Using Machine Learning
Authors: Akcay Melek , Etiz Durmus , Celik Ozer , Ozen Alaattin 
Published: March 2020

Background and Aim: Although the prognosis of nasopharyngeal cancer largely depends on a classification based on the tumor-lymph node metastasis staging system, patients at the same stage may have different clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the survival prognosis of nasopharyngeal cancer using machine learning. Settings and Design: Original, retrospective. Materials and Methods: A total of 72 patients with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal cancer who received radiotherapy ± chemotherapy were included in the study. The contribution of patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics to the survival prognosis was evaluated by machine learning using the following techniques: logistic regression, artificial neural network, XGBoost, support-vector clustering, random forest, and Gaussian Naive Bayes. Results: In the analysis of the data set, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression analyses were applied. Of the 18 independent variables, 10 were found to be effective in predicting nasopharyngeal cancer-related mortality: age, weight loss, initial neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, initial lactate dehydrogenase, initial hemoglobin, radiotherapy duration, tumor diameter, number of concurrent chemotherapy cycles, and T and N stages. Gaussian Naive Bayes was determined as the best algorithm to evaluate the prognosis of machine learning techniques (accuracy rate: 88%, area under the curve score: 0.91, confidence interval: 0.68-1, sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 100%). Conclusion: Many factors affect prognosis in cancer, and machine learning algorithms can be used to determine which factors have a greater effect on survival prognosis, which then allows further research into these factors. In the current study, Gaussian Naive Bayes was identified as the best algorithm for the evaluation of prognosis of nasopharyngeal cancer.
Perioperative Outcomes for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Based on Aneurysm Diameter
Authors: Ramos Christopher , Pujari Amit , Rajani Ravi R. , Escobar Guillermo A. , Rubin Brian G. , Jordan William D. , Benarroch-Gampel Jaime 
Published: March 2020

Background: Guidelines from the Society for Vascular Surgery recommend elective repair in asymptomatic patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) only if their diameter is greater than or equal to 5.5 cm, yet smaller ones are routinely repaired. This study aims to evaluate perioperative outcomes based on aneurysm size at the time of repair. Methods: Male patients who underwent elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) or open abdominal aneurysm repair (OAAR) repair of an infrarenal AAA were abstracted from 2011 to 2015 Targeted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients with symptoms or with aneurysmal extension into the visceral or iliac vessels were excluded. Outcomes of open versus endovascular repair were reported, with multivariate analyses to identify factors associated with the decision to repair AAA ≤5.4 cm. Results: A total of 2115 (90.9%) patients underwent EVAR, while 213 (9.1%) underwent OAAR. The mean diameter in patients who underwent OAAR was 6.1 cm (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.2-6.1 cm) versus 5.7 cm (IQR: 5.2-6.0 cm) for EVAR. However, in 42.5% of EVAR and 32.8% of OAAR patients, the diameter of the AAA was 5.4 cm or less. The group undergoing repair of AAA ≤5.4 cm was younger compared to the larger AAA group (71.9 vs 73.9 years; P < .0001). Patients older than 80 years were less likely to have a repair of AAA measuring ≤5.4 cm (odds ratio [OR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30-0.65). Additionally, patients who underwent EVAR were more likely to have AAA measuring ≤5.4 cm repaired compared to those who underwent OAAR (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.19-2.21). There were no differences in perioperative morbidity or mortality between the groups. Conclusion: There were no differences in perioperative outcomes after AAA repair, independent of aneurysm diameter. We found a higher likelihood of repairing AAA ≤5.4 cm in younger patients who were more likely to have been repaired with EVAR. Patients older than 80 years were less likely to undergo small AAA repair.
PF-06649751 efficacy and safety in early Parkinson’s disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Riesenberg Robert , Werth John , Zhang Yao , Duvvuri Sridhar , Gray David 
Published: March 2020

Background: PF-06649751 is a novel, oral, non-catechol-based, D1/D5 dopamine receptor partial agonist under investigation for the treatment of motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: A 15-week, phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of flexible-dose PF-06649751 in subjects with early stage Parkinson’s disease (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02847650). Results: Enrollment was terminated early for reasons unrelated to the trial. Overall, 57 subjects received study medication (PF-06649751 = 29; placebo = 28) and 47 completed the study (PF-06649751 = 25; placebo = 22). Despite early termination, the study met its primary endpoint with the PF-06649751 group showing statistically significant improvement from baseline in the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III score at week 15 compared with placebo. Mean (SE) change in MDS-UPDRS Part III score was −9.0 (1.54) for PF-06649751 and −4.3 (1.65) for placebo. This corresponds to an improvement versus placebo of 4.8 for the PF-06649751 group (two-sided p = 0.0407; 90% CI = 1.0, 8.6). Statistically significant improvement in MDS-UPDRS-III score was also observed at all assessment time points prior to week 15. The safety profile of PF-06649751 was similar to that observed in prior studies, with the majority of adverse events (AEs) reported as mild or moderate. The most common AEs in the PF-06649751 group were nausea, headache, dry mouth, somnolence, and tremor. Conclusions: Once-daily dosing of oral PF-06649751 resulted in significant improvement of motor symptoms and was generally well tolerated in subjects with early stage Parkinson’s disease.