bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of patient race/ethnicity, socioeconomics, and quality for adult type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lee Woolton , Lloyd Jennifer T. , Giuriceo Katherine , Day Timothy , Shrank William , Rajkumar Rahul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo review the evidence of the association between performance in eight indicators of diabetes care and a patient's race/ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics.Data SourceStudies of adult patients with type 2 diabetes in MEDLINE published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2018.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of regression‐based studies including race/ethnicity and income or education as explanatory variables. Meta‐analysis was used to quantify differences in performance associated with patient race/ethnicity or socioeconomic characteristics. The systematic review was used to identify potential mechanisms of disparities.Data CollectionTwo coauthors separately conducted abstract screening, study exclusions, data extraction, and scoring of retained studies. Estimates in retained studies were extracted and, where applicable, were standardized and converted to odds ratios and standard errors.Principal FindingsPerformance in intermediate outcomes and process measures frequently exhibited differences by race/ethnicity even after adjustment for socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health factors. Meta‐analyses showed black patients had lower odds of HbA1c and blood pressure (BP) control (OR range: 0.67‐0.68, P < .05) but higher odds of receiving eye or foot examination (OR range: 1.22‐1.47, P < .05) relative to white patients. A high school degree or more was associated with higher odds of HbA1c control and receipt of eye examinations compared to patients without a degree. Meta‐analyses of income included a handful of studies and were inconsistently associated with diabetes care performance. Differences in diabetes performance appear to be related to access‐related factors such as uninsurance or lacking a usual source of care; food insecurity and trade‐offs at very low incomes; and lower adherence among younger and healthier diabetes patients.ConclusionsPatient race/ethnicity and education were associated with differences in diabetes quality measures. Depending on the approach used to rate providers, not adjusting for these patient characteristics may penalize or reward providers based on the populations they serve.
The RIDE study: Effects of body‐worn cameras on public perceptions of police interactions
Authors: Saulnier Alana , Lahay Ryan , McCarty William P. , Sanders Carrie 
Published: July 2020

Research SummaryDuring a brief interaction with motorists (i.e., a sobriety check), this study manipulated officer use (and declaration) of a body‐worn camera (BWC) (present; absent) while documenting participant BWC recollection (correct; incorrect) to assess effects on motorists’ perceptions of the encounter and of police more generally. Results (N = 361) demonstrate that perceptions of procedural justice were more favourable in the BWC‐present condition when the entire sample was included in the analyses, but that this effect was not significant when focusing on the subset of the sample that correctly recollected BWC use (though the pattern of the effect was the same in both analyses).Policy ImplicationsIn combination with results from a handful of similar studies, this study's results suggest that BWCs may be a tool that can be leveraged to enhance public perceptions of encounters with police; however, more research is needed to substantiate this claim. In particular, the development of evidence‐based policy on this matter necessitates continued studies that address issues such as sample imbalances (e.g., gender and minority status), length of the interaction studied (i.e., experimental dosage), and controlling for officer behavior.
Impaired phagocytic function in CX3CR1+ tissue‐resident skeletal muscle macrophages prevents muscle recovery after influenza A virus‐induced pneumonia in old mice
Authors: Runyan Constance E. , Welch Lynn C. , Lecuona Emilia , Shigemura Masahiko , Amarelle Luciano , Abdala‐Valencia Hiam , Joshi Nikita , Lu Ziyan , Nam Kiwon , Markov Nikolay S. , McQuattie‐Pimentel Alexandra C. , Piseaux‐Aillon Raul , Politanska Yuliya , Sichizya Lango , Watanabe Satoshi , Williams Kinola J.N. , Budinger G. R. Scott , Sznajder Jacob I. , Misharin Alexander V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscle dysfunction in survivors of pneumonia disproportionately affects older individuals in whom it causes substantial morbidity. We found that skeletal muscle recovery was impaired in old compared with young mice after influenza A virus‐induced pneumonia. In young mice, recovery of muscle loss was associated with expansion of tissue‐resident skeletal muscle macrophages and downregulation of MHC II expression, followed by a proliferation of muscle satellite cells. These findings were absent in old mice and in mice deficient in Cx3cr1. Transcriptomic profiling of tissue‐resident skeletal muscle macrophages from old compared with young mice showed downregulation of pathways associated with phagocytosis and proteostasis, and persistent upregulation of inflammatory pathways. Consistently, skeletal muscle macrophages from old mice failed to downregulate MHCII expression during recovery from influenza A virus‐induced pneumonia and showed impaired phagocytic function in vitro. Like old animals, mice deficient in the phagocytic receptor Mertk showed no macrophage expansion, MHCII downregulation, or satellite cell proliferation and failed to recover skeletal muscle function after influenza A pneumonia. Our data suggest that a loss of phagocytic function in a CX3CR1+ tissue‐resident skeletal muscle macrophage population in old mice precludes satellite cell proliferation and recovery of skeletal muscle function after influenza A pneumonia.
Food intake‐related genes in chicken determined through combinatorial genome‐wide association study and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Cao Xuemin , Wang Yuzhe , Shu Dingming , Qu Hao , Luo Chenglong , Hu Xiaoxiang 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe chicken gizzard is the primary digestive and absorptive organ regulating food intake and metabolism. Body weight is a typical complex trait regulated by an interactive polygene network which is under the control of an interacting network of polygenes. To simplify these genotype–phenotype associations, the gizzard is a suitable target organ to preliminarily explore the mechanism underlying the regulation of chicken growth through controlled food intake. This study aimed to identify key food intake‐related genes through combinatorial GWAS and transcriptome analysis. We performed GWAS of body weight in an F2 intercrossed population and transcriptional profiling analysis of gizzards from chickens with different body weight. We identified a major 10 Mb quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 1 and numerous minor QTL distributed among 24 chromosomes. Combining data regarding QTL and gizzard gene expression, two hub genes, MLNR and HTR2A, and a list of core genes with small effect were found to be associated with food intake. Furthermore, the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction pathway was found to play a key role in regulating the appetite of chickens. The present results show the major–minor gene interactions in metabolic pathways and provide insights into the genetic architecture and gene regulation during food intake in chickens.
Pre‐operative optimisation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review
Authors: Lee A. H. Y. , Snowden C. P. , Hopkinson N. S. , Pattinson K. T. S. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryChronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a condition commonly present in older people undergoing surgery and confers an increased risk of postoperative complications and mortality. Although predominantly a respiratory disease, it frequently has extra‐pulmonary manifestations and typically occurs in the context of other long‐term conditions. Patients experience a range of symptoms that affect their quality of life, functional ability and clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss the evidence for techniques to optimise the care of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the peri‐operative period, and address potential new interventions to improve outcomes. The article centres on pulmonary rehabilitation, widely available for the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but less often used in a peri‐operative setting. Current evidence is largely at high risk of bias, however. Before surgery it is important to ensure that what have been called the ‘five fundamentals’ of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment are achieved: smoking cessation; pulmonary rehabilitation; vaccination; self‐management; and identification and optimisation of co‐morbidities. Pharmacological treatment should also be optimised, and some patients may benefit from lung volume reduction surgery. Psychological and behavioural factors are important, but are currently poorly understood in the peri‐operative period. Considerations of the risk and benefits of delaying surgery to ensure the recommended measures are delivered depends on patient characteristics and the nature and urgency of the planned intervention.
Testing small study effects in multivariate meta‐analysis
Authors: Hong Chuan , Salanti Georgia , Morton Sally C. , Riley Richard D. , Chu Haitao , Kimmel Stephen E. , Chen Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSmall study effects occur when smaller studies show different, often larger, treatment effects than large ones, which may threaten the validity of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. The most well‐known reasons for small study effects include publication bias, outcome reporting bias, and clinical heterogeneity. Methods to account for small study effects in univariate meta‐analysis have been extensively studied. However, detecting small study effects in a multivariate meta‐analysis setting remains an untouched research area. One of the complications is that different types of selection processes can be involved in the reporting of multivariate outcomes. For example, some studies may be completely unpublished while others may selectively report multiple outcomes. In this paper, we propose a score test as an overall test of small study effects in multivariate meta‐analysis. Two detailed case studies are given to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed test over various naive applications of univariate tests in practice. Through simulation studies, the proposed test is found to retain nominal Type I error rates with considerable power in moderate sample size settings. Finally, we also evaluate the concordance between the proposed tests with the naive application of univariate tests by evaluating 44 systematic reviews with multiple outcomes from the Cochrane Database.
Narrative categorization in digital game‐based learning: Engagement, motivation & learning
Authors: Breien Fredrik S. , Wasson Barbara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious research shows that digital game‐based learning (DGBL) can have positive effects on engagement, motivation and learning, and that using narratives may reinforce these effects. A systematic review identified 15 DGBL systems that report effects from their use of narratives. A gap in the field, however, is the lack of a common model to categorize and isolate narratives in DGBL to enable an analysis and comparison of how, and under what conditions, narratives have effects on learning in DGBL systems. The ludo narrative variable model (LNVM) that has been used to isolate and categorize narratives in research on commercial video games is a candidate to fill this gap. This research has investigated the potential of this model for DGBL and resulted in an extended LNVM (eLNVM) that can be used to isolate and categorize narratives in DGBL. The 15 DGBL systems were categorized on the eLNVM and the results show that there are characteristics of DGBL systems with positive self‐reported effects that separate them from other DGBL systems. Furthermore, it was possible to identify characteristics of the narrative modeling that are associated with positive effects on engagement, motivation and learning. The paper concludes with a description of how the eLNVM will be used in future research.
Distinguishing factors that influence attendance and behaviour change in family‐based treatment of childhood obesity: A qualitative study
Authors: Watson Paula M. , Dugdill Lindsey , Pickering Katie , Hargreaves Jackie , Staniford Leanne J. , Owen Stephanie , Murphy Rebecca C. , Knowles Zoe R. , Johnson Laura J. , Cable N. Timothy 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesFor the effective treatment of childhood obesity, intervention attendance and behaviour change at home are both important. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively explore influences on attendance and behaviour change during a family‐based intervention to treat childhood obesity in the North West of England (Getting Our Active Lifestyles Started (GOALS)).DesignFocus groups with children and parents/carers as part of a broader mixed‐methods evaluation.MethodsEighteen focus groups were conducted with children (n = 39, 19 boys) and parents/carers (n = 34, 5 male) to explore their experiences of GOALS after 6 weeks of attendance (/18 weeks). Data were analysed thematically to identify influences on attendance and behaviour change.ResultsInitial attendance came about through targeted referral (from health care professionals and letters in school) and was influenced by motivations for a brighter future. Once at GOALS, it was the fun, non‐judgemental healthy lifestyle approach that encouraged continued attendance. Factors that facilitated behaviour change included participatory learning as a family, being accountable and gradual realistic goal setting, whilst challenges focussed on fears about the intervention ending and a lack of support from non‐attending significant others.ConclusionsFactors that influence attendance and behaviour change are distinct and may be important at different stages of the family’s change process. Practitioners are encouraged to tailor strategies to support both attendance and behaviour change, with a focus on whole family participation within and outside the intervention.
Internet of things assisted condition‐based support for smart manufacturing industry using learning technique
Authors: Li Jing , Tao Hai , Shuhong Liu , Salih Sinan Q. , Zain Jasni Mohamad , Yankun Liu , Vivekananda G. N. , Thanjaivadel M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNowadays, countless industrial IIoT contraptions and sensors are conveyed a sharp plant to gather tremendous information regarding system conditions and a computerized bodily framework for handling industrial plant's mist point of convergence by using keen assembling projects. By then, the system utilizes an array of condition‐based support model (CBM) procedures to predict when devices begin to unusually work and to keep them up or supplant their fragments ahead of time to avoid assembling colossal investigator items in smart manufacturing industries. CBM experiences problems of floating ideas (ie, conveying examples of deficiencies can change extra time) and information of lop‐sidedness (ie, information with issues represents a minority of all things considered). The condition‐based support assisted learning technique by the group that coordinates the assorted variety of numerous classifiers provides an elite response to address these issues. Therefore, in this work the proposed work classifies offline three‐organized CBM with floats of ideas and awkwardness data, using an improved Dynamic AdaBoost for preparing a group classifier and an enhanced linear four rates (LFR) methodology is used by the classifier of nominal and continuous (NC) with synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) method to tackle inconsistent information in recognizing concept floats in lop‐sidedness information. The investigational results scheduled datasets by varying notches anomaly demonstration that the future strategy has a high degree of accuracy in the identifiable evidence of minority knowledge, which is over 96%.
Multiple‐scale interactions structure macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with kelp understory algae
Authors: Bué Mathilde , Smale Dan A. , Natanni Giulia , Marshall Helen , Moore Pippa J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimKelp forests provide habitat and food that supports a high diversity of flora and fauna. While numerous studies have described macroinvertebrates associated with kelp blades, stipes and holdfasts, a key kelp forest microhabitat, epilithic understory algae, remains poorly studied. Here, we used a macroecological approach and artificial seaweed units (ASUs) to explore the effects of ocean climate, wave exposure and habitat complexity on understory algal associated macroinvertebrate assemblages withinLaminaria hyperboreaforests in the United Kingdom.Location9° latitudinal gradient along the north and west coasts of the United Kingdom.MethodsReplicate ASUs comprising four different habitat complexities were deployed under matureL. hyperboreaat 2 sites (along a wave exposure gradient, separated by km) within each of 4 locations (separated by 100s km) nested within two regions (warm and cold, spanning 9° of latitude). After 5 months in situ, the ASUs were collected and macroinvertebrates were identified to species level and enumerated.ResultsHabitat complexity and wave exposure both influenced macroinvertebrate assemblage structure, but results also showed clear effects of ocean climate, with macroinvertebrate assemblages differing between warm and cool regions, primarily driven by higher diversity and evenness in the warmer region and greater abundance in the cooler region.Main conclusionsPredicted warming and a shift to less complex turf‐forming algal assemblages are likely to alter the structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with understory algae, with potential implications for kelp forest food web dynamics.
Life expectancy and cause of death in individuals with haemophilia A and B in Norway, 1986‐2018
Authors: Skjefstad Kaja , Solberg Olga , Glosli Heidi , von der Lippe Charlotte , Feragen Kristin B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate trends over time in age‐ and cause of death in males with haemophilia (PWH) in Norway compared with the general male population and investigate its correlates with improvements in haemophilia treatment.MethodsData about age and cause of death in the period of 1986‐2018, from two independent, high‐quality national registries: the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry (NCoDR) and the patient registry at Centre for Rare Disorders (CRD), Oslo University Hospital.ResultsLife expectancy increased significantly from 1986 to 2018. However, PWH still had a decreased mean age at death of 56.8 years (SD = 24.7) in the NCoDR and 58.6 years (SD = 21.7) in the CRD data, compared with 73.9 years (SD = 16.3) in the general male population. There was a distinct shift in the most frequently reported haemophilia‐related causes of death, such as haemorrhage and AIDS, to more age‐related causes of death, such as cancer, reflecting an ageing population.ConclusionHaemophilia treatment has improved significantly in the last three decades. Despite treatment‐related improvements, PWH in Norway still have a decreased life expectancy compared with the general male population.
Maintenance therapy in transplant ineligible adults with newly‐diagnosed multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Balitsky Amaris K. , Karkar Aram , McCurdy Arleigh , Rochwerg Bram , Mian Hira S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of maintenance therapy in transplant ineligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients following a period of fixed duration induction therapy remains unclear.ObjectivesWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining maintenance therapy compared to observation.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search including MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane database up to February 28, 2020, for RCTs comparing maintenance therapy to observation in newly diagnosed transplant ineligible MM patients. Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. We performed meta‐analyses using a random‐effects model and assessed certainty using GRADE methodology.Main resultsWe included five RCTs with a total of 1139 patients. Patients receiving maintenance therapy had improved progression‐free survival (PFS) compared to observation (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38 to 0.62, high certainty); however, there was no difference in overall survival (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.76‐1.2, moderate certainty). Adverse events were higher in the maintenance group compared to observation (very low to moderate certainty).ConclusionMaintenance therapy increases PFS in transplant ineligible MM patients following a fixed period of induction therapy; however, this must be weighed against the increased risk of adverse events.
Is impartiality enough? Government impartiality and citizens' perceptions of public service quality
Authors: Suzuki Kohei , Demircioglu Mehmet Akif 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGovernment impartiality is considered a core feature of quality of government, and one that leads to favorable macro‐level outcomes. We have limited knowledge, however, of how impartiality affects citizens' perceptions of public service quality. In particular, we do not know how the impacts of impartiality differ across citizens from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Understanding this relationship is important because citizens are the main beneficiaries of public services and are directly affected by administrative impartiality. Using the European Quality of Government Index data for 56,925 citizens in 174 European regions, the results of multilevel analysis show that impartiality alone does not lead to an increase in perceived public service quality. However, government impartiality leads to decreased public service quality for vulnerable citizens. The findings are robust across regions and countries even after controlling for individual, regional, and country‐level factors. These results suggest that citizens do not benefit equally from government impartiality.
R&D competition and the persistence of technology leadership
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Mukherjee Arijit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe show that whether a technology leader invests more in R&D compared to a technology follower may depend on the R&D process and whether the follower is in the market. Considering Cournot competition, we show that if the firms are in the market, the technology leader (follower) invests more in R&D under a step‐by‐step R&D process (when the firms target similar technologies). However, if the technology follower can enter the market only if it is successful in R&D, the technology follower may invest more (invests more) in R&D under the step‐by‐step R&D process (when the firms target similar technologies). We also show the implications of Bertrand competition.
Analyzing discrimination in recruitment: A guide and best practices for resume studies
Authors: Adamovic Mladen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResume studies are natural field experiments in which researchers standardize the content of resumes and vary them by individual characteristics. Researchers submit the resumes to job advertisements and compare the employers' responses toward the different resumes to measure labor market discrimination. Despite the robustness of this method, its use has not been fully exploited in human resource management and organizational psychology research. Based on a literature review, we provide an overview of the best practices for resume studies and a step‐by‐step plan to guide researchers. We also explain challenges in the design and implementation of these studies and how they can be addressed. Finally, we suggest avenues for future research and how future studies can contribute to reduce hiring discrimination.