bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of integrative medicines by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and its relation with hopelessness levels
Authors: MUZ Gamze , ERAT Ayser , ŞAMDANLI Şeydanur , YAVUZER Nisa 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Increase in chronic diseases significantly increases the use of integrative medicines in symptom management. This study aims to determine the use of integrative medicines and the levels of hopelessness of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Material and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in a chest disease services with 259 COPD’s patients. Data were collected with the Questionnaire Form and Beck’s Hopelessness Scale. Results: Of the participants, the most common integrative medicine was herbal methods (66.2%). The hopelessness level of the group using integrative medicine was high, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. The participants received information about the use of integrative methods from TV, radio and magazine and used integrative methods in symptom management.
Conclusion: The most common integrative medicine used was herbal methods. In addition, level of hopelessness did not affect integrative medicine’s usage. The results of such findings are to identify the causes of integrative medicine use and to ensure education for healthcare professionals.
Inducible Clindamycin resistance and MRSA amongst Staphylococcus aureus isolates: A phenotypic detection
Authors: Gandhi Purvi , Panwala Tanvi , Jethwa Dipal 
Published: January 2021

Now a days clinicians switch over to drug Clindamycin to treat infections. Clindamycin is belonging to lincosamide group. As frequent use of this Clindamycin develops resistance among patients and ultimately treatment failure. This present research is done to identify type of resistance like inducible or constitutive macrolide lincosamide – streptogramin B (iMLSB /cMLSB) resistance and MS (Macrolide lincosamide streptogramin) phenotypes among isolated from various samples received in Microbiology laboratory of tertiary care hospital of south Gujarat. Among various samples total 232 were isolated. And all these isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic sensitivity testing by kirbey bauer disc diffusion method. Methicillin resistance (MRSA) detected by using Cefoxitin disc. D test is performed as per Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines on all isolates. Total of 232 were isolated, among them 109 were Methicillin sensitive (MSSA) and 123 were Methicillin resistant (MRSA). Prevalence of iMLSB, cMLSB and MS phenotype were 59.34% ,15.44% and 13% in MRSA while 12.84%, 14.67% and 22.93% respectively in MSSA. This research helps to detect Clindamycin resistance among and role of D test before starting the treatment with Clindamycin. By these knowledge clinician can choose correct treatment and we can prevent a treatment failure.
The Present Value of Human Lives Lost Due to COVID-19 in the United Kingdom
Authors: Muthuri Kirigia Joses , Deborah Karimi Muthuri Rose Nabi 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Approximately 43906 human lives were lost to COVID-19 by July 2, 2020, in the United Kingdom (UK). This study estimated the total present value of human lives lost due to COVID-19 in the UK as of July 2, 2020.
Background: The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted external trade and negatively impacted on all the socioeconomic sectors in the UK.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the total present value of human lives lost due to COVID-19 n the UK as of July 2, 2020.
Methods: The human capital approach was employed to value human lives lost into money, assuming a 3% discount rate and an average life expectancy of 81.8 years in the UK. The economic model was re-estimated using (a) 5% and 10% discount rates, and (b) the average world life expectancy of 72 years, and (c) the world’s highest life expectancy of 88.1 years to test the robustness of the total present value of human lives lost.
Results: The human lives lost had a total present value of the international dollar (Int$) of 9883426226 and an average present value per human life of Int$ 225104. Approximately 76.2% of the total present value was sustained by those aged 30 and 79 years. Re-estimation of the model with discount rates of 5% and 10% instead of 3% reduced the total present value by Int$ 1158424570 (11.7%), and Int$ 3058724257 (31.0%), respectively.
Conclusion: The average present value per human life was almost five-fold the UK’s GDP per person in 2020. The presented evidence could be used to advocate for increased investments into the British National Health Service and other health-related systems to optimize Universal Health Coverage, International Health Regulations capacities, and secondary education coverage to better mitigate economic and human suffering during future pandemics.
THE DARK SIDE OF DECENTRALIZATION: THE EMERGENCE OF THE SHADOW STATE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Suminar Panji , Gushevinalti  
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: This study investigates the interrelated roles between the ruling elites and informal actors with the emergence of shadow states after the direct election of regional heads in Bengkulu, Indonesia.
Methodology: This study employed qualitative methods that use interviews, observations, and documentation techniques to collect data. Data and information obtained are analyzed by employing domains, taxonomic, componential, and cultural theme analysis. This study applied a purposive sampling method to select informants based on criteria that are relevant to the needs of the research.
Main Findings: The shadow state was built by four dominant groups, namely political outsider, political directorate, corporate rich, and informal elite. The shadow state was not caused by the weakening or weathering of functions in formal government institutions but rather because of the interrelation between dominant groups working outside legal government structures.
Applications of this study: This study will be useful in understanding the phenomenon of the emergence of the shadow states in the local political and democratic system. Besides, it will be useful in searching for the right way to increase the consolidation of politic and democracy in Indonesia
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study offers a conceptual framework for analyzing the emergence of shadow states in local government after direct elections. This study also provides a comprehensive description related to the process of development of the shadow state as the dark side of decentralization.
THE ROLE OF PARTICIPATION, DISCLOSURE, AND TRANSPARENCY IN THE GOVERNMENT BUDGET
Authors: Jabbar Fashakh Mohammed , Mohammed Salman Amal , Abbood Bander Mohsin 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study aims to highlight the concept of public budget to become acquainted with the notion of participation. We also try to clarify the role of social organizations in the general budget and Shed light on the role of the State in the disclosure and transparency of public funds.
Methodology: Practically, the study depends on a questionnaire prepared statistically to analyze Financial Statements of the General Budget for three frequent years (2015, 2016, and 2017).
Main Findings: The aftereffects of the monetary and measurable examination show that there is no straightforwardness and exposure by the legislature during its distribution of the general financial plan of the last and last records. In addition, incomprehensiveness of the financial plan by a proper measure of straightforwardness and divulgence, the Ministry of Finance reports incorporate information and disaggregated information on government consumption, open obligation, and how to cover inability.
Application of Study: The best application of this research is to regulate and manage the government's economic resources and public budget, and how to spend and deal with them in appropriate ways in accordance with the regulations and instructions for providing services to the people.
Novelty/Originality: The significance of the exploration exists in keeping up the job of individual and the general public and their degree of cooperation in the strategy-making process. In other words, the issue of the examination lies without the cooperation of residents and social associations in the arrangement and execution of the general financial plan.
GREEN FINANCING AS A CONDITION FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Semenova Nadezhda , Eremina Olga , Skvortsova Marina 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of green financing in the Russian Federation and the extent of its impact on economic growth in the country.
Methodology: The main research methods utilized were the regression and cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Cluster analysis implies dividing the set of studied objects and features into groups or clusters that are homogeneous in some way. We used it to determine regional differentiation of subjects from the Russian Federation according to the level of green financing. The clustering of subjects was performed using the ward method. This method is aimed at combining closely located clusters. Regression analysis was used to build an econometric model for assessing the degree of influence of green Finance on economic growth.
Main Findings: The authors proved that stimulating green financing in Russia requires the following: creating a regulatory framework and roadmap for the development of green financing, active state participation in financing green projects, creating a “green bond market,” and a specialized banking institution.
Application of the study: In this article, the authors assessed the impact of green financing on Russia’s economic growth. As part of the study, the authors analyzed the dynamics of green financing in the Russian Federation from 2000–2018, developed an integrated indicator for sustainable economic growth based on three components of sustainable development (economic, social, and environmental), and estimated the impact of environmental investments on the integral indicator of sustainable economic growth.
Novelty/Originality of the study: The proposed methodology for calculating the integrated indicator of sustainable economic development allowed us to assess sustainable development, taking into account economic, social, and environmental indicators. Such an approach has several advantages over the current methods: it is universal, indicators are available, and calculations are clear.
SMART SOCIETY: ПОДХОДЫ И ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ
Authors: Нетесова Мария Витальевна 
Published: January 2021

Актуальность обусловлена текущими процессами трансформации общества, развивающегося соответственно применению современных технологий. Рассматриваются ключевые характеристики концепции smart society (смарт-общество), которые являются недавней концепцией в качестве руководства для социального развития, и могут оказать глубокое воздействие на общество на всех уровнях, например с точки зрения качества жизни и устойчивости. Цель – на основе имеющихся исследований по тематике работы выявить наиболее распространенные концепции, интерпретирующие феномен «smart society» и его ключевые характеристики. Методы: общенаучные и философские методы исследования, среди которых логико-аналитический (при выстраивании логики исследования), метод теоретического анализа литературы по теме с возможностью логического и сравнительного анализа изученных данных, аналитический и компаративный методы, позволившие применить междисциплинарный подход к изучению дефиниций «smart society» и «smartness» (разумность). Результаты: приводятся интерпретации феномена smart society. Разрабатываются определения «умный» и «общество». Рассматриваются концепции зарубежных ученых, таких как Юко Харайма (Япония), Томас Кристиан Бёхле (Германия), Татео Аримото (Германия), Митчел Дин (США), Мэтью Глэдден (Польша) Лорена Батаган (Турция), Джоанна Брайсон (Германия), Александра Медина Борджа (Бразилия), Ари-Вейко Антиройко (Финляндия) и пр., чьи научные изыскания посвящены всевозможным вопросам, связанным с развитием smart society. Выявлены ключевые характеристики «smartness» (разумности), а также характеристики современного smart society непосредственно. Smartness рассматривается относительно каждого компонента общества (политическая сфера, государственное управление, сферы услуг, экономическая деятельность, образовательная деятельность). Выделяются своего рода «движущие силы» развития smart society. Обзорно представлены существующие зарубежные программы-практики («Умная Япония», «Умный Таиланд 2020», «Умная Африка», «Умная Великобритания»), целью которых является создание smart society.
Elit Lokal Berbasis Pesantren Dalam Kontestasi Politik Di Kecamatan Banyuasin III Studi Pada Pencalonan Buya H.M Husni Thamrin Madani Tahun 2018
Authors: Lorenza Diah 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dengan judul “Elit Lokal Berbasis Pesantren dalam Kontestasi Politik di Kecamatan Banyuasin III (Studi pada Pencalonan Buya H.M Husni Thamrin Madani Tahun 2018)”. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu Field research dengan metode pengumpulan data wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi sedangkan teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Buya H.M Husni Thamrin Madani terlibat dalam Pilkada karena Dari Bupati sebelumnya yang tertangkap tangan menjadi pemicu. Buya H.M Husni Thamrin Madani sangat sedih menyaksikan fakta bahwa ada korupsi di bidang pendidikan di Banyuasin. Dan Hati Buya terpanggil sebagai orang tua juga terpanggil untuk kembali mengayomi Banyuasin.
Faktor Kekalahan Buya H.M Husni Thamrin Madani dalam Pilkada dikarenakan Mesin dari Partai Perjuangan Demokrasi Perjuangan (PDIP) ini bekerja. Sedangkan Buya Husni tidak ada Partai. Berdasarkan dengan Teori Marketing Politik Buya Husni masih Laku terutama di daerah Pangkalan Balai. Walupun Marketing Politik Buya Husni masih banyak kelemahannya. Dan jumblah suara yang diterima Buya Husni cukup baik. ini merupakan sebagai tanda masyarakat banyuasin masih punya rasa hormat kepada seorang ulama.
STRATEGI KEUANGAN MATRIKS: ALAT BANTU KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI DAN PEMBIAYAAN PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hafidzi Achmad Hasan , Zulkarnaeni Achmad Syahfrudin , Megayani Nurhayati , Herlina Nita 
Published: January 2021

This study analyzes Islamic commercial banks' financial conditions using a matrix financial strategy, with its growth, investment decisions, and financing approach. The measuring instruments used are ROIC, WACC, and EVA. This research sample was 12 Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, taken by using the purposive sampling technique. The results showed that 7 Islamic commercial banks were in quadrant three, i.e., BRI Syariah, BNI Syariah, Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Syariah Mega Indonesia, and Bank Panin Syariah. Then, there were four sharia commercial banks in quadrant two, namely Bank Syariah Bukopin, BCA Syariah, Maybank Syariah, and BTPN Syariah. There was one sharia commercial bank in quadrant 1, namely Bank Muamalat. Using a matrix financial strategy, Islamic commercial banks can develop strategies that lead to the effectiveness of investment decisions and financing decisions.
Keywords : EVA, matrix financial strategy, ROIC, WACC
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEPUTUSAN KARYAWAN UNIVERSITAS TEKNOLOGI SUMBAWA DALAM MEMILIH BANK SYARIAH
Authors: Hakim Lukmanul , Sari Putri Reno Kemala , Ananda Nova Adhitya 
Published: January 2021

Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa selama ini melakukan penggajian melalui BRI. Namun, baru-baru ini Universitas teknologi Sumbawa bekerjasama dengan BNI Syariah dalam hal penggajian. Kerjasama ini membuka kesempatan kepada pegawai Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa untuk memilih BNI Syariah dalam hal penggajian. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penyebab pegawai UTS dalam hal ini dosen dan tenaga kependidikan memilih menggunakan jasa Bank BNI Syariah cabang Sumbawa Besar. Metode penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan analisis faktor. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, observasi lapangan dan dokumentasi. Staff dan tenaga kependidikan adalah sampel dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada 8 variabel yang menjadi alasan dosen dan tenaga kependidikan dalam memilih menggunakan Bank BNI Syariah. Kedelapan variabel tersebut kemudian membentuk satu faktor.
DAKWAH AND LAyANAN MASyARAKAT
Authors: Muchammadun Muchammadun 
Published: January 2021

The distinctive knowledge, skills, and ethics of departments in Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah is an important factor to sustain a professional education. One of the professional activities is Higher Education services, of which their built environment of teaching and learning process will largely affect their outcomes.In line with the transformation of IAINs to fully-fledged universities, the quality of Wissenschaft is partly be defined from what outcome skills are set up. This is particularly important for departments of faculties where people have already labeled them as sole religious studies such as Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah. This paper argues that thedistinctive epistemology of religion and science bears a consequence of outcome skills of critical thinking and facilitation.
Structure and dynamical steady state of the peeling mode in edge-localized mode-free, high-confinement tokamak plasmas
Authors: Kamiya Kensaku , Itoh Kimitaka , Aiba Nobuyuki , Oyama Naoyuki , Honda Mitsuru , Isayama Akihiko 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Explosive dynamical events in controlled-nuclear-fusion devices (known as edge-localized modes) display many similarities to solar-flare events on the sun, revealing a new connection between laboratory plasma physics and astronomy. However, to date there has been no direct evidence for the peeling mode structure, due to the lack of decisive diagnostics. Here we report the first evidence for the structure and dynamical steady state of a peeling mode for low-n edge-harmonic oscillations (EHOs) in the quiescent H-mode. EHOs are dominated by the fundamental mode (1fEHO) at both the low- and high-field sides. 1fEHO edge perturbations are confirmed to have kink parity and exhibit the frozen-in-condition predicted by a linear stability analysis. The envelope signal of the 1fEHO mode exhibits repeated cycles of growth and damping to the order of a few hundred Hz associated with small changes in an edge gradient, and results are quantitatively consistent with a limit-cycle-oscillation model.
Efficacy and Safety of Levamisole Treatment in Clinical Presentations of Patients With COVID-19: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Roostaei Amir , Meybodi Zohre Akhoundi , Mosavinasab Seyed Rohollah , Karimzadeh Iman , Sahebnasagh Adeleh , Gholinataj Mohsen , Saghafi Fatemeh 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIn late December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of a series of pneumonia cases in China. Levamisole can show clinical benefits in management of COVID-19 by its immunomodulatory effect, but effect in clinical status of patients is unknown. We evaluated the efficacy of levamisole on clinical status of patients with COVID-19 on days 3, 7, and 14.MethodsThis prospective, double-blind, randomized, and controlled clinical trial was performed in 18- to 60-year-old patients with confirmed COVID-19 from late April 2020 to mid-August 2020. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups to receive a 5-day course of levamisole or placebo in combination with routine care. Results50 patients with COVID-19 were analyzed: 25 patients were in each group. More than half of the infected patients was men too (60%). On days 3 and 14, patients in Levamisole group had significantly better cough status distribution compared with Placebo (P=0.034 and 0.005, respectively). The difference in fever status on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 between two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was significant differences between two groups in dyspnea over a median follow-up of 7th (P=0.015) and 14th (P=0.010) days after receiving the interventions. ConclusionThe results of the current study have overall demonstrated that patients receiving levamisole had significantly higher odds of having a better clinical status including cough and Dyspnea on day 14 than those receiving placebo, but with an effect-size of unsure clinical importance. The difference in the distribution of fever on days 3, 7, and 14 between two groups was not significant, suggesting that levamisole can efficiently improve the most clinical status of patients with COVID-19 infectious compared to placebo.Trial registration﻿The trial was registered as IRCT20190810044500N7 (19/09/2020).
Trends and Determinants of Catastrophic Health Expenditure in China 2010-2018: A National Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Liu Cai , Liu Zhao min , Nicholas Stephen , Wang Jian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) push households into poverty in China. We analyze the trends in incidence and intensity, and explore the determinants of CHE, and propose policy recommendation to address CHE.Methods: A unique 5-year national urban-rural panel database was constructed from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) surveys. CHE incidence was measured by calculating headcount (percentage of households incurring CHE to the total household sample) and intensity was measured by overshoot (degree by which an average out of pocket health expenditure exceeds the threshold of the total sample). A linear probability model was employed to assess the trend in net effect of the determinants of CHE incidence and a random effect logit model was used to analyse the role of the characteristics of the household head, the household and household health utilization on CHE incidence.Results: CHE determinants vary across time and geographical location. From 2010 to 2018, the total, urban and rural CHE incidence all showed a decreasing tendency, falling from 14.7% to 8.7% for total households, 12.5% to 6.6% in urban and 16.8% to 10.9% in rural areas. CHE intensity decreased in rural (24.50% to 20.51%) and urban (22.31% to 19.57%) areas and for all households (23.61% to 20.15%). Inpatient services were the most important determinant of the incidence of CHE. For urban households, the random effect logit model identified household head (age, education, self-rated health); household characteristics (members 65+ years, chronic diseases, family size and income status); and healthcare utilization (inpatient and outpatient usage) as determinants of CHE. For rural areas, the same variables were significant with the addition of household head’s sex and health insurance.Conclusion: The incidence and intensity of CHE in China displayed a downward trend, but was higher in rural than urban areas. Costs of inpatient service usage should be a key point on intervention strategies to address CHE. The policy implications include improving the economic level of poor households, reforming health insurance and reinforcing pre-payment hospital insurance methods.