bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Task-based interactional sequences in different modalities
Authors: Tang Xiaofei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Recent research on Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) showed the efficacy of using computer-mediated communication (CMC)
to promote second language (L2) learning (Ziegler, 2016). However, few studies compared the
interactional sequences during task-based interaction across different modalities (e.g., oral and written chat). It is thus not clear how
different task modalities mediate task-based interaction and L2 learning opportunities. To fill this gap, this study compared CMC written
chat and face-to-face (FTF) oral chat for interactional sequences during decision-making tasks. Participants were 20 learners of Chinese
(high-elementary to intermediate level) in a U.S. university. Ten participants completed the tasks in CMC, while the other 10 completed the
same tasks in FTF. The interaction data were analyzed for frequency and patterns of interactional strategies. Three types of interactional
sequences emerged in both groups: orientating to tasks, suggesting actions and evaluating suggestions. CMC participants suggested actions
more frequently than FTF participants. While both groups predominantly agreed with proposed suggestions, CMC dyads expressed disagreement
three times more than FTF dyads. CMC dyads also used more utterances to manage task progress. Findings are discussed in terms of the
interactional organizations and their potential influence on task-based language use in different modalities.
Word searches in Persian tutoring sessions
Authors: Rezaee Parvaneh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWord searches have been widely examined in L1 conversation and L2 conversation. A word search occurs when speakers encounter problems retrieving the words needed to continue their talk, which may be completed by the speakers themselves or other interlocutors. This study uses a conversation analytic framework to analyze word search practices that turn into language learning. The study explores how participants enter word searches and transform them into language learning experiences. The data are from seven hours of video- and/or audio-taped naturally occurring conversations in Persian tutoring sessions between a native Persian-speaking tutor and a native English-speaking tutee. The study reveals that, despite limited linguistic competence, the tutee is an interactionally competent speaker who uses word searches as an interactional resource to solve communication breakdowns. The study also shows how the participants develop word searches into explicit pedagogical opportunities and engage in teaching and learning practices.
Mandarin telephone closings among familiars
Authors: Huang Shu-Yu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study compared Mandarin phone closings among familiars in natural conversations with those in Chinese learning textbooks. The natural data was drawn from the CALLFRIEND Mandarin Chinese Corpus (Canavan & Zipperlen, 1996a,1996b), while the textbook dialogues were extracted from 20 series published in the United States, China, and Taiwan. Based onButton’s (1987)framework, this article adopted corpus-based research to analyze the structural pattern and the linguistic features of closings. It found that Chinese phone closings generally consisted of much repetition and thus were more complex than the archetype Button proposed, which suggests that reaching a mutual agreement is essential in Chinese telephone closings. The pattern of a closing depends on whether the caller is calling to catch up with the recipient or if they have a specific purpose. Common tokens for initiating closings such asjiu zheyang, hao, andxingand relation-enhancing expressions were also identified. However, the current research revealed that most textbook dialogues except for unscripted dialogues do not reflect these characteristics. Therefore, this study argues for the inclusion of unscripted dialogues and instructions that direct learners’ attention to the conversational management of phone closings in Chinese learning textbooks.
Ergative from passive in Proto-Basque
Authors: Martínez-Areta Mikel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper is an abbreviated version, in English,
of Martínez-Areta (2016), in which I argue that the ergative alignment of
historical Basque came about as a result of an active reanalysis of
passive predicates in Proto-Basque. This view has been previously
defended by Trask (1977),
who drew on the template of finite verbs. Since the first slot of
intransitives (representing S) and of transitives (representing P)
are identical, P must have been also a clause-level S at a previous
stage prior to an active reanalysis of passive clauses. I attempt to
solve some problems of Trask’s proposal, and suggest that some finite verbs of the past/irrealis beginning with A actually come from active clauses.
Copying of argument structure
Authors: Trips Carola 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article deals with the copying of argument
structure, pursuing two aims: first, I will discuss why the copying
of verbs, and more specifically their argument structure, has never
been truly dealt with in models of language contact, including
borrowing scales and hierarchies. I will show that the reason lies
in the use of the long-standing dichotomy between lexical and
structural borrowing, which should be rethought. Second, I will
propose an alternative approach using Johanson’s integrative
approach to language contact and code copying (2002, 2008), Holler’s
(2015) definition of integration conflicts on the level
of argument structure, and a modified version of Myers-Scotton’s (2002)
Abstract Level Model. I will apply my approach to a qualitative
empirical corpus study of Old French psych verbs copied to Middle
English, focusing on the description, analysis, and theoretical
modelling of the integration conflict that arises with the
EXPERIENCER argument syntactically expressed by a
to-PP on the model of Old French. Finally, I
will compare my findings with similar findings from studies of
language acquisition and suggest some generalisations.
The future markers in Palestinian Arabic:
Authors: AbuAmsha Duaa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to
explore the factors involved in the variable formation of the future
in Palestinian Arabic (PA), and to examine whether it represents a
case of ongoing grammatical change. The results show that
middle-aged and younger Jaffan and Gazan speakers living in Gaza
express future time reference in ways that are absent in the Jaffan
dialect still spoken in Jaffa and are also not characteristic of the
speech of older Jaffan and Gazan speakers in Gaza. Middle-aged and
younger Gazans and Jaffans living in Gaza primarily express ‘future’
within the verbal paradigm by means of a prefix ḥa-
attached to the non-past stem. The study concludes that both
internal and external factors are involved in the development of the
future marker in PA.
Neuters to none
Authors: Walter Mary Ann 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study documents a diachronic change in the
status of neuter noun gender in Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS).
Previous research demonstrates that the neuter class is closed in
BCS (Simonović 2010), and
that recent loanwords from western European languages fitting its
phonological profile are instead classed as masculine. I show that
this is not the case for earlier loanwords from Turkish. New neuter
nouns are still accepted, and when changed, are classed as feminine,
not masculine. This follows an attested pattern of assigning gender
according to lexical distributions. An account of gender assignment
utilizing Optimality Theory and incorporating gradiently-ranked
constraints captures this pattern in which rankings can shift over
time, thus leading to the observed historical changes in rates of
neuter gender assignment.
Two-modes approach to the state-to-state vibrational kinetics of CO2
Authors: Kotov Vladislav 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Two-modes (symmetric–asymmetric) reduction of the CO2 vibrational kinetics has been introduced systematically for the purpose of state-to-state modeling. The two-modes approach is known from multi-temperature models. Its basic assumption is that vibrational energy of the CO2 molecule which depends on 4 quantum numbers can be approximated by a function of only 2 numbers. Subsequently, vibrational states of CO2 with the same quantum numbers of the effective symmetric and asymmetric mode can be grouped into one combined state. The paper presents the calculation of the average probabilities of transitions between combined states based on the Schwartz–Slawsky–Herzfeld theory. Closed analytical formulas are derived for vibrational–translational and vibrational–vibrational transitions.
Determination of oxidized metals’ oxide layer thickness from local extrema of reflectance spectra: theoretical basis and application to anodized titanium
Authors: Charrière Renée , Cridling Quentin , Maillet Maxence , Pedeferri MariaPia , Delafosse David 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present paper concerns the oxide layer thickness determination of oxidized metals in the case where an optical interference phenomenon occurs due to multiple reflections inside the oxide layer. The paper focuses on anodized titanium but can be extended to the layer thickness determination of any material composed of a non-absorbing layer over an absorbing substrate. It establishes theoretical formulae to compute the oxide layer thickness from the positions of the local extrema of the material reflectance spectra. In contrast with many publications these formulae take into account the air/oxide and oxide/metal interfaces’ electromagnetic phase-shift. They make also the distinction between TE-, TM- and non-polarized light and are valid for all incidence angles. By applying these formulae to simulated reflectance spectra with known oxide thicknesses, we show that neglecting the interface phase-shift is not appropriate for determining the oxide thickness of samples with thin oxide thicknesses, with for example a relative error on the thickness higher than 85% for a 20 nm thick layer for normally incident light. When the interface phase-shift is taken into account this relative error goes down to 3%. Nevertheless the light polarization has to be carefully selected for incidence angles close to the Brewster angle of the air/oxide interface. This paper shows also that the relative error on the oxide thickness determination is relatively well correlated with the relative standard deviation characterizing the discrepancy of the oxide thickness values obtained from different positions of extrema. The typical behavior with polarization and incidence angle of this standard deviation predicted by the theoretical study is in good agreement with the experimental behavior observed for anodized titanium samples.
Optical characterization and modeling of nanoporous gold absorbers fabricated by thin-film dealloying
Authors: Ramesh Rajagopalan , Niauzorau Stanislau , Ni Qing , Azeredo Bruno P , Wang Liping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This work studies the optical reflectance of nanoporous gold (NPG) thin films of varying pore volume fraction (PVF) synthesized by chemical dealloying of Ag-Au alloy precursors. The fabricated samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and spectral hemispherical reflectance is measured with an integrating sphere. The effective isotropic optical constants of NPG with varying PVF are modeled for the wavelength range from 0.4 to 1.6 μm using the Bruggeman effective medium theory. As the thickness of the NPG thin films is more than ten times larger than the effective penetration depth, the spectral reflectance is simply modeled with the Fresnel coefficients at the interface of air and semi-infinite NPG with different incident angles and polarizations. Consistent with the modeling results, the optical measurement data shows that the spectral normal reflectance of NPG significantly decreases with larger PVF values in the near-infrared regime. On the other hand, the reflectance increases greatly only within visible range at larger oblique angles for transverse-electric polarized waves compared to transverse-magnetic waves. Moreover, the NPG samples demonstrate good thermal stability from room temperature up to 100 °C with little changes in the temperature-dependent spectral hemispherical reflectance.
Stochastic thermodynamics of relativistic Brownian motion
Authors: Pal P S , Deffner Sebastian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Physical scenarios that require a relativistic treatment are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from cosmological objects to charge carriers in Dirac materials. Interestingly all of these situations have in common that the systems typically operate very far from thermal equilibrium. Therefore, if and how the framework of stochastic thermodynamics applies at relativistic energies is a salient question. In the present work we generalize the notions of stochastic heat and work for the relativistic Langevin equation and derive the fluctuation theorems without and with feedback. For processes with feedback we consider the ramifications of the lack of simultaneity of events in the inertial frames of observer and Brownian particles, and we argue that the framework of absolute irreversibility is instrumental to avoid acausal considerations. The analysis is concluded with a few remarks on potential experimental applications in graphene.
A brief review of formation energies calculation of surfaces and edges in semiconductors
Authors: Sin Chuen-Keung , Zhang Jingzhao , Tse Kinfai , Zhu Junyi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To have a high quality experimental growth of crystals, understanding the equilibrium crystal shape (ECS) in different thermodynamic growth conditions is important. The factor governing the ECS is usually the absolute surface formation energies for surfaces (or edges in 2D) in different orientations. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain an accurate value of these energies in order to give a good explanation for the observation in growth experiment. Historically, there have been different approaches proposed to solve this problem. This paper is going to review these representative literatures and discuss the pitfalls and advantages of different methods.
A review on performance comparison of advanced MOSFET structures below 45 nm technology node
Authors: Mendiratta Namrata , Tripathi Suman Lata 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
CMOS technology is one of the most frequently used technologies in the semiconductor industry as it can be successfully integrated with ICs. Every two years the number of MOS transistors doubles because the size of the MOSFET is reduced. Reducing the size of the MOSFET reduces the size of the channel length which causes short channel effects and it increases the leakage current. To reduce the short channel effects new designs and technologies are implemented. Double gate MOSFET design has shown improvement in performance as amplifiers over a single MOSFET. Silicon-based MOSFET design can be used in a harsh environment. It has been used in various applications such as in detecting biomolecules. The increase in number of gates increases the current drive capability of transistors. GAA MOSFET is an example of a quadruple gate around the four sides of channel that increases gate control over the channel region. It also increases effective channel width that improves drain current and reduces leakage current keeping short channel effects under limit. Junctionless MOSFET operates faster and uses less power with increase in ON-state current leading to a good value of I
ON/I
OFF ratio. In this paper, several gate and channel engineered MOSFET structures are analyzed and compared for sub 45 nm technology node. A comparison among different MOSFET structures has been made for subthreshold performance parameters in terms of I
OFF, subthreshold slope and DIBL values. The analog/RF performance is analyzed for transconductance, effective transistor capacitances, stability factor and critical frequency. The paper also covers different applications of advance MOSFET structures in analog/digital or IoT/ biomedical applications.
A 0.1–1.5 GHz multi-octave quadruple-stacked CMOS power amplifier
Authors: Wei Shizhe , Wu Haifeng , Lin Qian , Zhang Mingzhe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this letter, we design and analyze 0.1–1.5 GHz multi-octave quadruple-stacked CMOS power amplifier (PA) in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. By using two-stage quadruple-stacked topology and feedback technology, the proposed PA realizes an ultra-wideband CMOS PA in a small chip area. Wideband impedance matching is achieved with smaller chip dimension. The effects of feedback resistors on the RF performance are also discussed for this stacked-FET PA. The PA shows measured input return loss (< –10.8 dB) and output return loss (< –9.6 dB) in the entire bandwidth. A saturated output power of 22 dBm with maximum 20% power added efficiency (PAE) is also measured with the drain voltage at 5 V. The chip size is 0.44 mm2 including all pads.
An 18-bit sigma –delta switched-capacitor modulator using 4-order single-loop CIFB architecture
Authors: Cao Guiping , Dong Ning 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Oversampling sigma–delta (Σ–Δ) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are currently one of the most widely used architectures for high-resolution ADCs. The rapid development of integrated circuit manufacturing processes has allowed the realization of a high resolution in exchange for speed. Structurally, the Σ–Δ ADC is divided into two parts: a front-end analog modulator and a back-end digital filter. The performance of the front-end analog modulator has a marked influence on the entire Σ–Δ ADC system. In this paper, a 4-order single-loop switched-capacitor modulator with a CIFB (cascade-of-integrators feed-back) structure is proposed. Based on the chosen modulator architecture, the ASIC circuit is implemented using a chartered 0.35 μm CMOS process with a chip area of 1.72 × 0.75 mm2. The chip operates with a 3.3-V power supply and a power dissipation of 22 mW. According to the results, the performance of the designed modulator has been improved compared with a mature industrial chip and the effective number of bits (ENOB) was almost 18-bit.
Low on-resistance 1.2 kV 4H-SiC power MOSFET with Ron, sp of 3.4 mΩ·cm2
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wang Qian , Liu Hao , Fei Chenxi , Li Shiyan , Huang Runhua , Bai Song 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A 4H-SiC power MOSFET with specific on-resistance of 3.4 mΩ·cm2 and breakdown voltage exceeding 1.5 kV is designed and fabricated. Numerical simulations are carried out to optimize the electric field strength in gate oxide and at the surface of the semiconductor material in the edge termination region. Additional n-type implantation in JFET region is implemented to reduce the specific on-resistance. The typical leakage current is less than 1 μA at V
DS = 1.4 kV. Drain–source current reaches 50 A at V
DS = 0.75 V and V
GS = 20 V corresponding to an on-resistance of 15 mΩ. The typical gate threshold voltage is 2.6 V.
The influence of various slag mineral concentrations to physical properties of paving block products and its characteristic
Authors: Handoko A S , Amin M , Zulaifa L , Syafriadi  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Slag is a waste product from steel industry that has unique properties. In the presence of water, slag reacts with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds with cementations’ properties. Based on this property, slag can be used as a partially cement substitution. The influence of various slag concentration to paving block physical properties and characteristic were studied in this research. Sample paving blocks casted without addition of slag and with addition of 5 %, 15 %, 25 %, and 35 % of slag are compared. Also, the grain size of slag with 60 and 80 mesh is also compared. This research shows that the greater variation in the concentration of slag minerals makes compressive strength tends to decrease, and the absorption and porosity tend to increase. The highest compressive strength test is achieved by sample of paving block with addition of 5 % slag and has 80 mesh of grain size. Hydration of cement and slag to formed calcium silicate hydrate reaction take place in the sample which cause strong bonding among all solid material. XRD characterization shows the phase formed dominated by the four phases, gismondine (CaAl2O8.4H2O), quartz (SiO2), calcite (CaCO3), and C-S-H (1.5 CaOSiO2..xH2O).
Progress of used beverages carton recycling system in Indonesia: A review
Authors: Rizaluddin A T , Rostika I , Wattimena R B I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The potential to recycle Used Beverages Carton (UBC) in Indonesia is quite promising. Based on data from packaging manufacturers in 2016, it is estimated that the potential number of UBC reaches more than 50,000 tons, with fiber content is around 74 %, while polyethylene (PE) and alumunium foil materials together are around 26 %. The UBC recycling process consists of a hydropulper, screen, thickener and wet lap machine process. In this study, the composition of recycled fiber from UBC consisted mainly long fiber (3-5 mm) of approximately 52 %. The study shows that UBC fiber quality exceeds OCC quality and relatively similar to NUKP quality, which has 52.5 % long fiber content, tensile index 50.49 Nm/g, tear index 9.4 mN.m2/g, and burst index 5.76 kPa.m2/g, respectively. PE and alumunium foil also have the potential to be utilized as composite raw materials with aluminum foil served as matrix, fiber served as filler, and PE served as bonding agent. The composite production involved pressing process with a pressure of 30 kg/cm2 and high temperatures of around 125 to 165 °C. The resulting composite product has a mass density of approximately 0.81-0.93 g/cm3, which is above the minimum value to be categorized as high density composite (0.8 g/cm3). The composite products also have flammability properties ranging from 3.0 to 3.2 cm/min, and water absorption around 14 %.
Biodegradation raw trimming waste from goat’s skin tannery by enzymatic method
Authors: Pratiwi A , Hakim T R , Fitriyanto N A , Abidin M Z , Erwanto Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The tannery industry produces large amount of waste from many parts that cannot be used in making leather products. Process of minimizing the waste can be done by trimming the goat skin. The treatment of trimmed goat skin waste from tanneries can potentially produce value-added products. A study on enzymatic treatment of leather processing waste from local goat skin was conducted. This method utilized pepsin which belong to alkaline protease. Pepsin hydrolysed the skin for 48 hours at 4 °C. Hydrolysed raw skin was used to produce collagen. The size measurement of hydrolysed collagen can be analysed and after electrophoresis using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique. Hydrolysed of collagen resulted in bioactive peptide identification. Amino acid composition in the hydrolysate obtained by the enzyme hydrolysis was determined. This relative simple biological treatment of leather processing waste may provide a practical solution. The treatment method can be used to produce value-added collagen as alternative source of functional food, medical and pharmaceutical applications.