bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xylem cavitation isolates leaky flowers during water stress in pyrethrum
Authors: Bourbia Ibrahim , Carins‐Murphy Madeline R. , Gracie Alistair , Brodribb Timothy J. 
Published: March 2020

Summary

Flowers underpin plant evolution, genetic legacy and global food supply. They are exposed to similar evaporative conditions as leaves, yet floral physiology is a product of different selective forces. We used Tanacetum cinerariifolium, a perennial daisy, to examine the response of flowers to whole‐plant water stress, determining if flowers constitute a liability during drought, and how this species has adapted to minimize risk associated with reproduction.

We determined the relative transpiration cost of flowers and leaves and confirmed that flowers in this species are xylem‐hydrated. The relative water stress tolerance of leaves and flowers then was compared using xylem vulnerability measurements linked with observed tissue damage during an acute drought treatment.

Flowers were a major source of water loss during drought but the xylem supplying them was much more vulnerable to cavitation than leaves. This xylem vulnerability segmentation was confirmed by observations that most flowers died whereas leaves were minimally affected during drought.

Early cavitation and hydraulic isolation of flowers during drought benefits the plant by slowing the dehydration of perennial vegetative organs and delaying systemic xylem damage. Our results highlight the need to understand flower xylem vulnerability as a means of predicting plant reproductive failure under future drought.
The S. mutans mntE gene encodes a manganese efflux transporter
Authors: O'Brien Joseph , Pastora Alexander , Stoner Andrew , Spatafora Grace 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStreptococcus mutans is a colonizer of the human dentition, and under conditions of dysbiosis is the primary causative agent of dental caries. The pathogenic potential of S. mutans depends, in part, on its ability to regulate the transport of metal ions across the plasma membrane to maintain intracellular metal ion homeostasis. Research in our laboratory has focused on the Mn2+‐specific SloC lipoprotein importer and its regulator encoded by the S. mutans sloR gene. Herein, we used a bioinformatics approach to identify a gene on the S. mutans UA159 chromosome, SMU_1176, as a metal ion efflux transporter that contributes to S. mutans manganese ion homeostasis. Metal ion sensitivity assays performed with the wild‐type S. mutans UA159 strain and an isogenic SMU_1176 insertion‐deletion mutant, called GMS3000, revealed significantly heightened sensitivity of GMS3000 to MnSO4 challenge. 54Mn uptake experiments support the accumulation of 54Mn in GMS3000 cell pellets when compared to 54Mn concentrations in UA159 or in a complemented strain of GMS3000, called GMS3001. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) studies were performed in parallel to quantify intracellular manganese concentrations in these strains, the results of which corroborate the 54Mn uptake studies, and support the SMU_1176 gene product as a Mn2+ efflux protein. Expression profiling experiments revealed de‐repression of SMU_1176 gene transcription in the SloR‐deficient GMS584 strain of S. mutans, especially under high manganese conditions. In conclusion, the S. mutans SMU_1176 gene, which we renamed mntE, is a manganese efflux transporter that contributes to essential metal ion homeostasis as part of the SloR regulon.
Management of recalcitrant vitiligo in Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada syndrome: Adjuvant ablative fractional laser
Authors: Botsali Ayşenur , Caliskan Ercan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe course of dermatologic findings in Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease is variable. Herein, we report the remarkable repigmentation of widespread facial vitiligo lesions in an adolescent girl with Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease. The patient was treated with a combination of fractional erbium:YAG laser, topical tacrolimus, and phototherapy.
State Tax Policy, Municipal Choice, and Local Economic Development Outcomes: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach to Performance Assessment
Authors: Hall Jeremy L. , Kanaan David Z. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDo state policies that allow municipal governments to levy economic development taxes stimulate economic development? Texas allows municipal‐level economic development corporation dedicated local option sales taxes (LOST), effectively diverting revenue from general fund purposes exclusively toward local economic development efforts. Drawing from a performance management framework focused on policy outcomes, the authors use a structural equation model to estimate the effects of local tax choices on economic development performance. The results reveal that municipalities implementing the 4a LOST tax choice (traditional industry‐related efforts) experienced a significant and positive effect on economic development as measured through a latent construct assessing five years of growth in population, property value, and new home construction. The observed impact of tax choice, though weaker than preexisting municipal economic capacity, suggests that states and municipalities can influence economic development activity by permitting municipal choice in the allocation of tax revenues dedicated to economic development.
Influence of mentoring and professional communities on the professional development of a cohort of early career secondary mathematics and science teachers
Authors: Surrette Timothy N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA challenge for public schools is to successfully support and professionally develop early career teachers (ECTs) and thereby prepare them for long and successful careers in education. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to describe how the professional practices of early career science and mathematics teachers, some of whom are career changers, were influenced by their interactions with mentors and professional communities. Topics examined included the contextual elements that influenced the ECTs’ interactions with mentors and professional communities, how teachers positioned themselves within multiple professional communities, and how they perceived these experiences had influenced the development of their teaching practice. An extensive semi‐structured interview of the ECTs generated data that were analyzed to identify emergent themes and patterns. The findings of this study indicated that navigating professional communities and interacting with mentors had influenced the ECTs’ decisions to adopt important components of a learner‐centered approach to teaching that included engaging students in active learning processes, utilizing formative assessment, and responding to students' individual needs. These findings have implications for school policies and approaches related to supporting and professionally developing unique cohorts of ECTs.
Developing an understanding procedures observation rubric for mathematics intervention teachers
Authors: Crawford Angela R. , Johnson Evelyn S. , Zheng Yuzhu Z. , Moylan Laura A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study describes the initial psychometric evaluation of an Understanding Procedures observation rubric. The instrument is intended to provide feedback to teachers working in mathematics intervention settings. The rubric translates the research base from mathematics education and special education into practice in the form of specific items and descriptors of performance levels. A sample of 16 intervention teachers across three states provided three videos each of their instruction of students in mathematics intervention classes. Ten external raters evaluated the videos. We analyze the ratings using many‐facet Rasch measurement. Analyses of the teacher, item, rater, and lesson facets show good psychometric quality for the instrument. Implications for research and professional development are discussed.
The donors perceived positive and negative effects of blood donation
Authors: Teglkamp Janni , Handgaard Linda , Hansen Thomas , Pedersen Ole Birger , Rigas Andreas Stribolt , Mikkelsen Susan , Erikstrup Christian , Hjalgrim Henrik , Paarup Helene Martina , Burgdorf Kristoffer Sølvsten , Ullum Henrik 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOccasionally blood donation has a negative influence on some donors, while others express feelings of increased energy or wellbeing after donation. Some donors even report symptoms such as headache or feelings of unease indicating “it is time to donate blood again.” This study aims to determine symptoms and frequencies of blood donors experiencing positive and negative effects of blood donation, and study possible associations with sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, and hemoglobin level.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe developed and validated a questionnaire with eight predefined physical and psychological symptoms related to blood donation using a 5‐point Likert Scale. Participants in The Danish Blood Donor Study were asked to indicate if they experienced the present symptom prior to and/or after the donation.RESULTSA total of 6,073 donors were included. Of the donors, 61% experienced one or more effects of blood donation. Positive effects were experienced by 18% of the donors, 29% experienced negative effects, and 14% experienced both. Most notable positive effects were alleviated headache (14%), feeling lighter (14%), and less tiredness (7%). Most notable negative effects were less energy (25%), more dizziness (22%), and more tiredness (21%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that positive effects were more likely among donors with higher BMI, older donors, and smokers. Negative effects were more likely among younger donors, donors with lower BMI, and among female donors.CONCLUSIONAnalyses indicate that susceptibility to blood donation effects varies by BMI, sex, smoking status, and age, and therefore should be taken into consideration when informing donors about potential effects of blood donation.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding blood donation among sudanese population
Authors: Sayedahmed Ahmed Mahmoud Sayed , Mohamedali Abdalla Mohamed Abdalla , Mohamed Ghalib Khalid Bashir , Mohammed Alkhair Abdelrahman Abdelgader , Mohammed Ahmed Mohammed Sabri , Alyas Fadul Tebyan Abdalgader 
Published: March 2020

Background and ObjectivesBlood transfusion plays a vital and crucial role in the management of a variety of ailments. The blood donation system in Sudan depends on two types of donors, voluntary and replacement donors. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards blood donation among the Sudanese population.MethodsA hospital‐based cross‐sectional multicentre survey was conducted from 28 March to 18 July 2019 in the main blood banks of Khartoum state. Using pretested, structured interviewing questionnaire composed of 38 questions to interview blood donors and their companions. About 384 adults were interviewed. Bivariate regression analyses were used to identify the significant predictors of blood donation, with the significance level set at P < 0·05.ResultsOnly 13(3·4%) of the participants were females. The majority, 70·3% of the study participants reported that they had donated blood before, but 88·9% had donated blood as replacement donators before. This study determined that only 25% of the study participants had good knowledge. Moreover, the majority (57%) did not know that the women could undergo blood donation. On the other hand, 87% had a positive attitude regarding blood donation. Good knowledge was significantly associated with the practice of voluntary blood donation (AOR = 2·060 95% CI: 1·107, 3·835). The main reported reason for not donating (78·9%) is ‘not asked before’.ConclusionReplacement blood donation is more common than voluntary blood donation in Sudan; this might be due to misconceptions and poor knowledge. Therefore, educational programs should be done to increase the level of knowledge.
Application of a simazine degrading bacterium, Arthrobacter ureafaciens XMJ‐Z01 for bioremediation of simazine pollution
Authors: Zhu Jiangwei , Zhao Yan , Fu Li , Liu Zongmin , Li Xiaolou , Meng Zili 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA bacterium named XMJ‐Z01 is screened from soil and identified as Arthrobacter ureafaciens, which can efficiently degrade simazine. The strain XMJ‐Z01 is highly resistant to simazine and can tolerate simazine at a level of not less than 2000 mg/L. The degradation efficiency of simazine (100 mg/L) in liquid medium by strain XMJ‐Z01 can reach about 99.1% in 7 days. Adding a small amount of fresh soil during the degradation of simazine (in culture medium) by strain XMJ‐Z01 can improve the degradation efficiency. The use of strain XMJ‐Z01 in simazine‐contaminated farmland will accelerate the degradation of simazine residues in the soil and reduce its leakage into the deep soil; in addition, it is also beneficial to reduce the adverse effects of simazine on soil enzyme. Therefore, it is considered that strain XMJ‐Z01 can be used for bioremediation of simazine pollution in soil.
A novel bioreactor design for enhanced aerobic granular sludge formation: effects of cationic polymer and boric acid addition
Authors: Karabey Burcin , Azbar Nuri , Ozdemir Guven 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCompared to the conventional activated sludge, granular sludge has many advantages like good settling ability, high biomass retention and ability to withstand a high organic loading rate. In this study, the effects of boric acid and chitosan addition on granule formation was investigated in a novel Custom‐made upflow aerobic granular sludge reactor for 22 days. According to the microscopic results, granulation in all reactors started at 5–7 days. The polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) results indicate the evolution of the bacterial community during the granulation process. In addition, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that 100 mg/L of terephthalic acid (TA) was totally degraded in all reactors during 24 hours period. To date, chitosan was generally used in anaerobic granulation studies. Thus, there is little known about the role of chitosan in aerobic granulation. The findings in this study constitute important information about the process of granule formation and the factors that are essential to aerobic granulation.
Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution using nano zerovalent iron‐reduced graphene oxide composite: optimization of parameters
Authors: Khoshro Soheila , Mirbagheri Naghmeh Sadat , Sabbaghi Samad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, nitrate removal from aqueous solution was performed using nano zerovalent iron–reduced graphene (nZVI‐rGO) composite. The effect of operational parameters including initial nitrate concentration, composite dosage, solution pH, and contact time on the removal process was examined using design expert software. Our investigation revealed that the nitrate‐contaminated water can be easily treated by applying the synthesized composite within the short contact time of 1 min. In the presence of nZVI‐rGO composite, about 96% of nitrate reduced to nitrogen gas (~64%) and small amounts of ammonium (~32%) and nitrite (~0.3%) were released. The kinetics results confirmed that the adsorption and chemical reduction of nitrate by the composite are well fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order and pseudo‐first‐order kinetic models, respectively. The thermodynamic results showed that the removal of nitrate by the composite is a spontaneous and endothermic process.
One-Dimensional Porous TiNb2O7–Carbon Nanofiber Arrays as High-Performance Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Qi Meili , Wang Hengxu , Yin Jinghua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
High-energy density lithium ion batteries (LIBs) rely heavily on innovations of electrode materials. Herein, the porous TiNb2O7/carbon nanofibers (TNO/CNFs) have been prepared through the hydrothermal method and electrostatic spinning method as the anode for the Li-ion battery. The structure of porous TNO/CNFs after annealing at 700 °C for 2 h is intact, and lots of holes are found on that surface of nanofibers. Porous TNO/CNFs as the anode show better electrochemical performance than TNO/CNFs, the capacity retention of porous TNO/CNFs is 81.6% (147 mA h/g) with an exceptionally high rate (at 20 C rate). And the capacity retention of porous TNO/CNFs is higher than ≈77% that of TNO/CNFs (112 mA h/g). The superior electrochemical performance of these porous TNO/CNFs can be attributed to the unique porous carbon nanofiber structure: this structure of porous nanofibers not only provides a larger effective area for contact with the electrolyte but also reduces the rate-limiting Li diffusion path, leading to faster charge transfer.
A Comprehensive Investigation on Tribological Performance of Nano-Silver and Nano-Gold Additivated Fluids on Wearing Surfaces
Authors: Korkmaz Seyma , Cetin M. Huseyin , Dogan Sevval , Ozen Kadir , Ayhan Enes , Ozgul Mertcan , Ozdemir Süleyman Furkan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, the tribological performances of the colloidal suspensions with the additives of nano-silver and nano-gold were examined via wear experiments of AA7075-T6 material. The nanoparticles were penetrated in the wear region using suspensions prepared in distilled water and ethylene glycol environment. The wear experiments were performed under 30 N load and 20 rpm speed condition in 1000 m wear distance using the ball-on-plate method. The worn surfaces were analyzed with a three-dimensional profilometer, scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and atomic force microscope (AFM) methods. According to the results, the colloidal dispersed nano-gold particles in ethylene glycol performed 28.85% better on reducing the surface roughness, 2.32% on reducing the weight loss, 4.85% on increasing the heat transfer, and 1.22% on reducing the friction coefficient than the nano-silver particles.
A Carbon Injection System on a COHPAC-Equipped Waste-to-Energy Facility
Authors: Honeycheck Thomas S. , Gesell Gregory H. , Turner Mark C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The SEMASS Resource Recovery Facility (SEMASS) is a processed refuse fuel (PRF) waste-to-energy plant serving much of Southeastern Massachusetts. Units 1 and 2 at the plant were designed with spray dryer absorbers (SDAs) and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). A review of historical data from the plant indicated that in order to comply with the Environmental Protection Agency’s Municipal Waste Combustor (MWC) Rule (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart Cb), which is known as the Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT), improved emission performance would be required from the flue gas cleaning system on Units 1 and 2. A pilot test program was conducted which led to the installation of COHPAC, or COmpact Hybrid PArticulate Collector units (i.e. flue gas polishing devices) downstream of the ESPs on these two combustion trains. The COHPAC units were successfully started up in June, 2000. In addition to these modifications, it was determined that further control of mercury emissions would be required. A system to inject powdered activated carbon into the flue gas was added to the plant. This paper describes that carbon injection system. A comparison between test data obtained at SEMASS is made with predictions based upon the EPA testing at the Ogden Martin Systems of Stanislaus, Inc. Municipal Waste Combustor Facility near Crows Landing, California and the EPA testing at the Camden County Municipal Waste Combustor in Camden, New Jersey. These are waste-to-energy plants, the former utilizing an SDA and a baghouse while the latter contains an SDA followed by an ESP. In addition, the effect of carbon injection location upon mercury reduction was investigated. The results of that study are also included.
Complying With EPA’s Small MWC Units Emission Guidelines in Dutchess County, N.Y.
Authors: Rose John L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Dutchess County is located in New York State on the east side of the Hudson River about halfway between New York City and Albany, with a population of about 250,000. County residents are a mix of exurbanites, who commute to jobs in Westchester County or New York City; high techs, who work at one of the county’s two large IBM complexes, and farmers and gentleman farmers who live in the eastern half of the county.
Mercury CEMs: Technology Update
Authors: Ryan Jeffrey V. , Kilgroe James D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Continuous emission monitors (CEMs) for mercury (Hg) are receiving increased attention and focus. Their potential use as a compliance assurance tool is of particular interest. While Hg CEMs are currently used in Europe for compliance purposes, use of Hg CEMs in the United States (U.S.) has focused on combustion research and Hg control technology evaluation applications. Hg CEMs are now receiving increased attention as compliance assurance tools. Several programs exist to evaluate Hg CEM measurement performance. It is through these efforts that application-specific measurement issues are investigated. Collectively, these efforts have served to advance the state-of-the-art of the technology as evidenced by the number and types of CEMs now available and the various applications in use.
“Ergo Nightmare”: Starting a Grass Roots Ergonomics Program ... and Beyond
Authors: Sisler Joy L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Prior to OSHA’s issuance of the new ergonomics standard, American Ref-Fuel devised and implemented an ergonomics program. In doing this, we accomplished two major goals:
1. We protected our employees from cumulative and repetitive work related injuries.
2. We saved money.
Ultra-slow throw rates of polygonal fault systems
Authors: King James J. , Cartwright Joe A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Polygonal fault systems (PFSs) are an enigmatic class of small nontectonic extensional faults. PFSs are predominantly hosted in fine-grained sedimentary tiers and are prevalent along many continental margin basins. The genesis of PFSs is widely debated, and little is known about the time frame for polygonal fault growth. We present the first measurements of throw rates for polygonal faults by measuring the vertical offset of seven age-calibrated horizons mapped using three-dimensional seismic reflection data from the Norwegian Sea. Individual polygonal faults exhibit a range of throw rate profiles through time, ranging from near linear to singly or multiply stepped. The stepped profiles have short-term throw rates ranging from 0 to 18 m/m.y. Time-averaged throw rates of 180 polygonal faults over the entire 2.61–0 Ma interval are normally distributed and range between 1.4 and 10.9 m/m.y. We convert our PFS throw rates to displacement rates and compare these to published displacement rates for gravity-driven and tectonic normal faults. We find that the displacement rates of polygonal faults mark the lower limit of a continuous spectrum of extensional fault displacement rates; they are as much as two orders of magnitude slower than those of gravity-driven faults, and as much as three orders of magnitude slower than those of the fastest-growing tectonic faults. We attribute the ultra-slow kinematic behavior to the nontectonic nature of polygonal faults, where throw accumulates primarily through dewatering of the largely fine-grained sediments composing the host layers for the PFSs, and through differential volumetric strain between the fault footwalls and hanging walls.