bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentre randomised double-blind placebo controlled trial of combination vancomycin and cefazolin surgical antibiotic prophylaxis: the Australian surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (ASAP) trial
Authors: Peel Trisha , Astbury Sarah , Cheng Allen C , Paterson David , Buising Kirsty , Spelman Tim , Tran-Duy An , de Steiger Richard S 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionResistant Gram-positive organisms, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci, account for a significant proportion of infections following joint replacement surgery. Current surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines recommend the use of first-generation or second-generation cephalosporin antibiotics, such as cefazolin. Cefazolin, however, does not prevent infections due to these resistant organisms; therefore, new prevention strategies need to be examined. One proposed strategy is to combine a glycopeptide antibiotic with cefazolin for prophylaxis. The clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of this combination therapy compared with usual therapy, however, have not been established.Methods and analysisThis randomised, double-blind, parallel, superiority, placebo-controlled, phase 4 trial will compare the incidence of all surgical site infections (SSIs) including superficial, deep and organ/space (prosthetic joint) infections, safety and cost-effectiveness of surgical prophylaxis with cefazolin plus vancomycin to that with cefazolin plus placebo. The study will be performed in patients undergoing joint replacement surgery. In the microbiological sub-studies, we will examine the incidence of SSIs in participants with preoperative staphylococci colonisation (Sub-Study 1) and incidence of VRE acquisition (Sub-Study 2). The trial will recruit 4450 participants over a 4-year period across 13 orthopaedic centres in Australia. The primary outcome is the incidence of SSI at 90 days post index surgery. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of SSI according to joint and microorganism and other healthcare associated infections. Safety endpoints include the incidence of acute kidney injury, hypersensitivity reactions and all-cause mortality. The primary and secondary analysis will be a modified intention-to-treat analysis consisting of all randomised participants who undergo eligible surgery. We will also perform a per-protocol analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was reviewed and approved by The Alfred Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/18/Alfred/102) on 9 July 2018. Study findings will be disseminated in the printed media, and learnt forums.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000642280
Multimorbidity in Children and Youth Across the Life-course (MY LIFE): protocol of a Canadian prospective study
Authors: Ferro Mark A , Lipman Ellen L , Van Lieshout Ryan J , Gorter Jan Willem , Shanahan Lilly , Boyle Michael , Georgiades Kathy , Timmons Brian 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionMultimorbidity, the co-occurrence of a chronic physical condition and mental disorder, affects a substantial number of children and youth and can lead to compromised quality of life, hardship for families, and an increased burden on the healthcare system. We are conducting a study to document the course of mental disorder in children and youth diagnosed with a chronic physical condition; identify predictors of child and youth multimorbidity; examine whether the effects of these predictors are moderated by relevant psychosocial and biological factors; explore potential inflammatory and stress biomarkers that mediate the onset of child and youth multimorbidity; and, assess whether multimorbidity in children and youth alters patterns of mental health service use.Methods and analysisMultimorbidity in Children and Youth Across the Life-course (MY LIFE) is a prospective study. Two hundred and fifty children and youth aged 2–16 years diagnosed with a chronic physical condition along with one parent will be recruited from the outpatient clinics at a paediatric tertiary care centre. Data will be collected using a multi-informant, multimethod design at four time-points (at recruitment, and at 6, 12 and 24 months postrecruitment). Parents will provide reports for all children/youth. In addition, youth ≥10 years will self-report. Mental disorder will be assessed using structured interviews. On completion of data collection, participant-reported data will be linked to provincial health records to identify mental health services use. Multilevel analyses (survival, proportional hazard, structural equation modelling) will be used to address MY LIFE objectives.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the University of Waterloo Human Research Ethics Board and the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board. Findings will be disseminated to key stakeholders using a number of outlets (peer-reviewed publications and conferences, lay informational pamphlets, social media).
Adult palliative care in the USA: information-seeking behaviour patterns
Authors: Cheng Brian T , Hauser Joshua M 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveAcceptance of palliative care (PC) in the USA has increased in recent decades with the growing number of recommendations for adoption from professional organisations. However, there are prevalent public misperceptions of PC that may prevent broader utilisation. This study seeks to identify the primary sources for PC information, which may help identify sources of misperception and improve PC messaging.MethodsWe analysed the 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a representative survey of USA population knowledge regarding cancer-related information. This is the first iteration to include questions on PC. Prevalence of preferred PC information sources was estimated; multivariable logistic regression invoking stepwise variable selection was used to determine associations with information-seeking behaviour.ResultsOur study cohort consisted of 1127 American adults who were familiar with PC. Overall, 59.3% and 34.0% relied primarily on healthcare providers and internet or printed media, respectively. In stepwise regression models of seeking information from healthcare providers, predictors and their relative contributions to the multivariable model were higher education attainment (58.7%), age ≥60 years (21.5%) and female sex (15.0%). Higher income was the most robust predictor (35.1%) of reliance on internet and printed media for information, followed by being currently married (26.2%).ConclusionsOverall, American adults rely on healthcare providers and media for PC information, with significant sociodemographic differences in information-seeking behaviour. These findings may be used to inform strategies to promote accurate PC awareness.
Digital subtraction cerebral angiography after negative computed tomography angiography findings in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Catapano Joshua S , Lang Michael J , Koester Stefan W , Wang Derrick J , DiDomenico Joseph D , Fredrickson Vance L , Cole Tyler S , Lee Jonathan , Lawton Michael T , Ducruet Andrew F , Albuquerque Felipe C 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundCT angiography (CTA) is widely used for the detection of vascular lesions in patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (ntSAH); however, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Our aim was to analyze the diagnostic yield of DSA after negative high-resolution CTA findings.MethodsRecords of patients with a CTA-negative ntSAH at a single institution from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. ntSAH patterns were categorized as cortical, perimesencephalic, or diffuse. Subsequent DSA findings were compared across the three cohorts.ResultsA total of 186 patients had CTA-negative ntSAH. The ntSAH pattern was identified as cortical (n=77, 41.4%), diffuse (n=60, 32.3%), or perimesencephalic (n=49, 26.3%). In eight patients (4%), DSA revealed a vascular lesion (one cervical arteriovenous fistula and seven atypical aneurysms) after negative CTA findings. All eight patients with positive DSA findings had diffuse SAH (13% of patients with a diffuse pattern). The seven aneurysms included four blister or dissecting (two basilar artery, one superior cerebellar artery, and one dorsal wall internal carotid artery), two fusiform (one posterior communicating artery and one anterior spinal artery), and one saccular aneurysm (middle cerebral artery).ConclusionDSA identified a causative lesion in 4% of patients with CTA-negative ntSAH, but only in patients with diffuse ntSAH. Most of the lesions detected were atypical aneurysms and were found on delayed angiograms. These results suggest that DSA can help to diagnose CTA-negative ntSAH caused by unusual aneurysms, and repeat DSA may be needed only for patients with diffuse ntSAH.
Platelet-rich emboli are associated with von Willebrand factor levels and have poorer revascularization outcomes
Authors: Douglas Andrew , Fitzgerald Seán , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Rossi Rosanna , O'Leary Sean , Pandit Abhay , McCarthy Ray , Gilvarry Michael , Holmegaard Lukas , Abrahamsson Margareta , Jerndal Mikael , Dehlfors Niclas , Brennan Paul , Power Sarah , O'Hare Alan , Griffin Emma , Kallmes David F , Brinjikji Waleed , Szikora István , Tatlisumak Turgut , Rentzos Alexandros , Thornton John , Doyle Karen 
Published: November 2019

Background and aimsPlatelets and von Willebrand factor (vWF) are key factors in thrombosis and thus are likely key components of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) emboli. We aimed to characterize platelet and vWF levels in AIS emboli and to assess associations between their expression levels and clinical and procedural information.Materials and methodHistopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of emboli collected as part of the multi-institutional RESTORE registry was performed. The composition of the emboli was quantified using Orbit Image Analysis machine learning software. Correlations between clot components and clinical and procedural information were assessed using the χ2test.ResultsNinety-one emboli samples retrieved from 63 patients were analyzed in the study. The mean platelet (CD42b) content of the clots was 33.9% and the mean vWF content of the clots was 29.8%. There was a positive correlation between platelet and vWF levels (ρ=0.564, p<0.001*, n=91). There was an inverse correlation between both platelets and vWF levels and percentage of red blood cells (RBCs) in the emboli (CD42b vs RBC: ρ=−0.535, p<0.001*, n=91; vWF vs RBC: ρ=−0.366, p<0.001*, n=91). Eighty-one percent of patients in the low platelet group had a good revascularization outcome (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2c/3) compared with 58% in the high platelet group (χ2=5.856, p=0.016).ConclusionPlatelet and vWF levels in AIS emboli correlate with each other and both have an inverse relationship with RBC composition. Patients with platelet-rich clots have poorer revascularization outcomes.
Preference of veterinarians to select an udder health programme for milk producers
Authors: Vissio Claudina , Richardet Melina , Chaves Javier , Larriestra Alejandro 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThis investigation was carried out to gain more insight about the preference of veterinarians on the implementation of an udder health programme (UHP) in a dairy farm.MethodsA choice experiment was designed to elicit the preferences of the participants. The study population consisted of 36 veterinarians from Argentina specialised on milk quality. The choice experiment offered several UHPs, which were combinations of some of the interventions included in the so‐called five‐point plan. To reduce bias among the participants, the UHPs offered were unlabelled and considered two farm contexts: one was on a pasture system and the other was on a dry‐lot with pasture access system. The basic criteria (the so‐called attribute) to describe veterinarians’ preferences for each UHP proposed were efficacy on clinical mastitis (CM) and bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) reduction, cost and technical support. The data collected were analysed using conjoint analysis.ResultsUHP cost and UHP efficacy on BMSCC and CM had a significant influence on veterinarians’ ranking decisions under both dairy production contexts. The efficacy on CM was the most important attribute to prefer a particular UHP, while technical assistance was the least important attribute considered. The attributes related to efficacy on both BMSCC and CM explained over 60 per cent of the total importance of all attributes.ConclusionTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research in South America focused on studying veterinarians’ preferences to suggest a UHP. The cost and efficacy attributes were the veterinarians’ top priority attributes to decide the best UHP.
Molecular states from $$\varSigma ^{(*)}_c{\bar{D}}^{(*)}-\varLambda _c{\bar{D}}^{(*)}$$ interaction
Authors: He Jun , Chen Dian-Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, we systemically investigate the molecular states from the $$\varSigma ^{(*)}_c{\bar{D}}^{(*)}-\varLambda _c{\bar{D}}^{(*)}$$Σc(∗)D¯(∗)-ΛcD¯(∗) interaction with the help of the Lagrangians with heavy quark and chiral symmetries in a quasipotential Bethe–Salpeter equation (qBSE) approach. The molecular states are produced from isodoublet (I=1/2) $$\varSigma _c{\bar{D}}$$ΣcD¯ interaction with spin parity $$J^P=1/2^-$$JP=1/2- and $$\varSigma _c{\bar{D}}^*$$ΣcD¯∗ interaction with $$1/2^-$$1/2- and $$ 3/2^-$$3/2-. Their masses and widths are consistent with the $$P_c(4312)$$Pc(4312), $$P_c(4440)$$Pc(4440) and $$P_c(4457)$$Pc(4457) observed at LHCb. The states, $$\varSigma _c^*{\bar{D}}^*(1/2^-)$$Σc∗D¯∗(1/2-), $$\varSigma _c^*{\bar{D}}^*(3/2^-)$$Σc∗D¯∗(3/2-) and $$\varSigma ^*_c{\bar{D}}(3/2^-)$$Σc∗D¯(3/2-), are also produced with the same parameters. The isodoublet $$\varSigma _c^*{\bar{D}}^*$$Σc∗D¯∗ interaction with $$5/2^-$$5/2-, as well as the isoquartet (I=3/2) $$\varSigma _c{\bar{D}}^*$$ΣcD¯∗ interactions with $$1/2^-$$1/2- and $$3/2^-$$3/2-, $$\varSigma _c^*{\bar{D}}^*$$Σc∗D¯∗ interaction with $$3/2^-$$3/2- and $$5/2^-$$5/2-, are also attractive while very large cutoff is required to produce a molecular state. We also investigate the origin of the widths of these molecular states in the same qBSE frame. The $$\varLambda {\bar{D}}^*$$ΛD¯∗ channel is dominant in the decays of the states, $$\varSigma _c{\bar{D}}^*(1/2^-)$$ΣcD¯∗(1/2-), $$\varSigma _c{\bar{D}}^*(3/2^-)$$ΣcD¯∗(3/2-), $$\varSigma _c^*{\bar{D}}(3/2^-)$$Σc∗D¯(3/2-), and $$\varSigma _c{\bar{D}}(1/2^-)$$ΣcD¯(1/2-). The $$\varSigma ^*_c{\bar{D}}^*(1/2^-)$$Σc∗D¯∗(1/2-) state has large coupling to $$\varSigma _c{\bar{D}}$$ΣcD¯ channel while the $$\varSigma _c{\bar{D}}^*$$ΣcD¯∗, $$\varSigma ^*_c{\bar{D}}$$Σc∗D¯ and $$\varLambda _c{\bar{D}}^*$$ΛcD¯∗ channels provide similar contributions to the width of the $$\varSigma ^*_c{\bar{D}}^*(3/2^-)$$Σc∗D¯∗(3/2-) state. These results will be helpful to understand the current LHCb experimental results, and the three predicted states and the decay pattern of these hidden-charmed molecular pentaquarks can be checked in future experiments.
Transcriptionally Active Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Dauki Anees M. , Blachly James S. , Kautto Esko A. , Ezzat Sameera , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed H. , Coss Christopher C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Owing to the marked sexual dimorphism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sex hormone receptor signaling has been implicated in numerous aspects of liver cancer pathogenesis. We sought to reconcile the clear contribution of androgen receptor (AR) activity that has been established in preclinical models of HCC with the clinical failure of AR antagonists in patients with advanced HCC by evaluating potential resistance mechanisms to AR-targeted therapy. The AR locus was interrogated for resistance-causing genomic modifications using publicly available primary HCC datasets (1,019 samples). Analysis of HCC tumor and cell line RNA-seq data revealed enriched expression of constitutively active, treatment-refractory AR splice variants (AR-SV). HCC cell lines expressed C-terminal–truncated AR-SV; 28 primary HCC samples abundantly expressed AR-SV. Low molecular weight AR species were nuclear localized and constitutively active. Furthermore, AR/AR-SV signaling promoted AR-mediated HCC cell progression and conferred resistance to AR antagonists. Ligand-dependent and -independent AR signaling mediated HCC epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the transcription factor SLUG. These data suggest that AR-SV expression in HCC drives HCC progression and resistance to traditional AR antagonists. Novel therapeutic approaches that successfully target AR-SVs may be therapeutically beneficial for HCC.

Significance:
Treatment-refractory, constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathway.
A Phase I Study of ADCT-402 (Loncastuximab Tesirine), a Novel Pyrrolobenzodiazepine-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugate, in Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Kahl Brad S. , Hamadani Mehdi , Radford John , Carlo-Stella Carmelo , Caimi Paolo , Reid Erin , Feingold Jay M. , Ardeshna Kirit M. , Solh Melhem , Heffner Leonard T. , Ungar David , He Shui , Boni Joseph , Havenith Karin , O'Connor Owen A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
ADCT-402 (loncastuximab tesirine) is an antibody–drug conjugate comprising a CD19-targeting antibody and pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers. A first-in-human study evaluated the safety and preliminary clinical activity of loncastuximab tesirine in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

Patients and Methods:
A multicenter, phase I, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study enrolled patients ages ≥18 years with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell NHL. Patients received loncastuximab tesirine every 3 weeks at doses assigned by a 3+3 dose-escalation design. Dose escalation was used to assess the safety and tolerability of loncastuximab tesirine to determine the dose for expansion. Secondary objectives evaluated clinical activity, characterized the pharmacokinetic profile, and evaluated antidrug antibodies.

Results:
During dose escalation, 88 patients with R/R B-cell NHL were treated with loncastuximab tesirine at doses 15 to 200 μg/kg. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were experienced by 87/88 (98.9%) patients. Most common TEAEs (≥20% of patients) were hematologic abnormalities, fatigue, edema, liver test abnormalities, nausea, rash, and dyspnea. Grade ≥3 TEAEs (≥5% of patients) included hematologic abnormalities, liver test abnormalities, fatigue, and dyspnea. Overall response rate at doses ≥120 μg/kg was 59.4% (41 of 69 patients; 40.6% complete response; 18.8% partial response). Median duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival (all doses) were 4.8, 5.5, and 11.6 months, respectively. Drug exposure increased with increasing dose, showing moderate accumulation with multiple doses ≥150 μg/kg. There was no evidence of immunogenicity.

Conclusions:
Loncastuximab tesirine had promising activity with acceptable safety in this dose-escalation study. A phase II study with initial dosing at 150 μg/kg has been initiated based on these results.
Biological Tools to Deal with Pollution : Selected Advances and Novel Perspectives
Authors: Ghanemi Abdelaziz , Boubertakh Besma 
Published: November 2019

Pollution represents a problem common to economy and public health. Indeed, the public health, because of the divers’ type of pollutions, is facing divers challenges for which urgent solutions are required.The biology provides approaches not only to deal with the pollution, but also to obtain economic benefits. Some living organisms have particular metabolisms that allow them to assimilate and metabolite the polluting agents and thus reduce the impact they have on both environment and public health. On the other hand, the metabolic properties of specific organisms make the polluting elements raw materials to synthesize other elements that are benefits for economy and non-toxic for the ecology and the biohealth. Yet, other options such as the regulations and laws are required to improve the efficiency of these approaches.
Effect of Storage Containers on Quality of Household Drinking Water in Urban Communities in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Onigbogi Olanrewaju , Ogunyemi Oluwatoyin 
Published: November 2019

<p>The method of storage is essential in maintaining water purity and safety for drinking purposes. This study assessed the effect of various storage containers on household drinking water quality in a resource-limited setting. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Four communities using protected springs as household drinking water sources were purposively selected. Forty-four households were selected and randomly assigned to four treatment groups; namely Covered Buckets with Taps (CBT), Covered Buckets without Tap (CB), Covered Kegs with Taps (CKT) and Covered Kegs without Tap (CK). Physicochemical analysis and bacteriological analysis were carried out on the water samples before and after they were put in the containers. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 12. At baseline, mean pH values of water samples from the springs and RSC were 6.4±0.6 and 7.1±0.7 respectively which were above the recommended. Mean chloride concentration of springs (14.3±7.4mg/l) and RSC (19.3±10.0 mg/l) samples were below recommended. Mean Total Coliform Count (TCC) of the springs in the four communities was 18.0±4.0 and mean TCC of RSC was 12.7±4.9. Five percent of water samples from RSC had mean <em>E.coli</em> count of 100/100ml. The mean TCC after introducing CB, CBT, CK and CKT in all the communities were 10.0±4.0, 8.5±4.2, 6.9±2.8 and 7.3±3.7 respectively (p&lt;0.05). The use of covered kegs without tap was best in reducing contaminants in drinking water. Education on appropriate household drinking water storage and handling practices is recommended.</p>
Retrospective Assessment of Malnutrition among Under-five Children in Ayder Referral Hospital, Tigray Ethiopia
Authors: Gultie Teklemariam , Mebrahtu Desta , Sebsibie Girum 
Published: November 2019

Currently worldwide there are about 60 million children with moderate acute and 13 million with severe acute malnutrition. About 9% of sub-Saharan African and 15%of south Asian children have moderate acute malnutrition and about 2% of children in developing countries have severe acute malnutrition. The objective of aim the study was<strong> </strong>to assess the magnitude of malnutrition in under five children in Ayder referral hospital using a retrospective cross-sectional study design. This study showed that male children, 168(58.1%), were higher than female, 121(41.9%).. Majority, 133(46%), were in the age group b/n 12 to 24 months .More than half, 186(64.4%) were rural dwellers. The types of malnutrition identified were Marasmus, kwashiorkor, Marasmic kwash and underweight which account for 116(40.1%), 69(23.9%), 54(18.7%) and 50(17.5%) respectively. Marasmus was the predominant type of malnutrition in all age groups of under five malnourished children with prevalence of 40.1% where as underweight was the prevalent type of malnutrition (17.3%). More over the infant feeding practices such as exclusive breast feeding, timely initiation of complementary feeding, and having history of breast feeding once in their life during infancy were relatively higher among the children as compared with other studies.