bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azumaya Algebras and Canonical Components
Authors: Chinburg Ted , Reid Alan W , Stover Matthew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLet $M$ be a compact 3-manifold and $\Gamma =\pi _1(M)$. Work by Thurston and Culler–Shalen established the ${\operatorname{\textrm{SL}}}_2({\mathbb{C}})$ character variety $X(\Gamma )$ as fundamental tool in the study of the geometry and topology of $M$. This is particularly the case when $M$ is the exterior of a hyperbolic knot $K$ in $S^3$. The main goals of this paper are to bring to bear tools from algebraic and arithmetic geometry to understand algebraic and number theoretic properties of the so-called canonical component of $X(\Gamma )$, as well as distinguished points on the canonical component, when $\Gamma $ is a knot group. In particular, we study how the theory of quaternion Azumaya algebras can be used to obtain algebraic and arithmetic information about Dehn surgeries, and perhaps of most interest, to construct new knot invariants that lie in the Brauer groups of curves over number fields.
Molecular Evidence for Local Acquisition of Human Alveolar Echinococcosis in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Schurer Janna M , Tsybina Polly , Gesy Karen M , Kolapo Temitope U , Skinner Stuart , Hill Janet E , Jenkins Emily J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by the zoonotic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. Our goals were to confirm infection, identify species, and analyze biogeographical origin of metacestode tissues from a suspected human AE case in Saskatchewan, Canada. We conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the nad1 mitochondrial gene for E. multilocularis and the rrnS ribosomal RNA gene for E. granulosus and conducted haplotype analysis at the nad2 locus. Our analysis confirmed AE and indicated that sequences matched infected Saskatchewan coyotes and European E3/E4 haplotypes. The patient had no travel history outside North America. This suggests autochthonous transmission of a European-type strain.
Invasive Candidiasis Species Distribution and Trends, United States, 2009–2017
Authors: Ricotta Emily E , Lai Yi Ling , Babiker Ahmed , Strich Jeffrey R , Kadri Sameer S , Lionakis Michail S , Prevots D Rebecca , Adjemian Jennifer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a growing concern among US healthcare facilities. A large-scale study evaluating incidence and trends of IC in the United States by species and body site is needed to understand the distribution of infection.

Methods
An electronic medical record database was used to calculate incidence and trends of IC in the United States by species and infection site from 2009 through 2017. Hospital incidence was calculated using total unique inpatient hospitalizations in hospitals reporting at least 1 Candida case as the denominator. IC incidence trends were assessed using generalized estimating equations with exchangeable correlation structure to fit Poisson regression models, controlling for changes in hospital characteristics and case mix over time.

Results
Candida albicans remains the leading cause of IC in the United States, followed by Candida glabrata. The overall incidence of IC was 90/100 000 patients, which did not change significantly over time. There were no changes in incidence among C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, or C. tropicalis; the incidence of other Candida spp. as a whole increased 7.2% annually. While there was no change in candidemia 2009–2017, abdominal and nonabdominal sterile site IC increased significantly.

Conclusions
Nonbloodstream IC is increasing in the United States. Understanding the epidemiology of IC should facilitate improved management of infected patients.
Overcoming immune dysfunction in the elderly: trained immunity as a novel approach
Authors: Bulut Ozlem , Kilic Gizem , Domínguez-Andrés Jorge , Netea Mihai G 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
People with advanced age have a higher susceptibility to infections and exhibit increased mortality and morbidity as the ability of the immune system to combat infections decreases with age. While innate immune cells display functional defects such as decreased phagocytosis, chemotaxis and cytokine production, adaptive immune cells exhibit reduced receptor diversity, defective antibody production and a sharp decline in naive cell populations. Successful responses to vaccination in the elderly are critical to prevent common infections such as influenza and pneumonia, but vaccine efficacy decreases in older individuals compared with young adults. Trained immunity is a newly emerging concept that showed that innate immune cells possess non-specific immunological memory established through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming upon encountering certain pathogenic stimuli. Clinical studies suggest that trained immunity can be utilized to enhance immune responses against infections and improve the efficiency of vaccinations in adults; however, how trained immunity responses are shaped with advanced age is still an open question. In this review, we provide an overview of the age-related changes in the immune system with a focus on innate immunity, discuss current vaccination strategies for the elderly, present the concept of trained immunity and propose it as a novel approach to enhance responses against infections and vaccinations in the elderly population.
Dimercaptosuccinic acid in combination with carbapenems against isogenic strains of Escherichia coli producing or not producing a metallo-β-lactamase in vitro and in murine peritonitis
Authors: Cheminet G , de Lastours V , Poirel L , Chau F , Peoc’h K , Massias L , Fantin B , Nordmann P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales represent a major therapeutic challenge. MBLs, requiring zinc at their catalytic site, could be inhibited by meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a heavy metal chelator already widely used for treating lead intoxication.

Objectives
To evaluate the activity of carbapenems alone or combined with DMSA against MBL-producing Escherichia coli in a severe murine peritonitis model.

Methods
Isogenic strains of wild-type E. coli CFT073 producing the MBLs NDM-1, VIM-2 and IMP-1, and the control serine carbapenemases OXA-48 and KPC-3 were constructed. MIC determinations and time–kill assays were performed for imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem alone or in combination with DMSA. Infected mice were treated intraperitoneally for 24 h with imipenem, DMSA or their combination. Bacterial counts in peritoneal fluid and spleen were assessed at 24 h.

Results
DMSA in combination with each carbapenem caused a significant decrease in the MICs for all MBL-producing strains, in a concentration-dependent manner, but did not provide benefit against non-MBL strains. In mice infected with the NDM-1-producing strain, the combination of imipenem and DMSA significantly reduced bacterial counts in peritoneal fluid (P = 0.0006) and spleen (P &lt; 0.0001), as compared with imipenem alone, with no benefit against the KPC-3-producing and CFT073 strains. DMSA concentrations in plasma of mice were comparable to those obtained in humans with a standard oral dose.

Conclusions
DMSA restores the activity of carbapenems against MBL-producing strains, and its combination with carbapenems appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of NDM-producing E. coli infections.
Quantification of Flualprazolam in Blood by LC–MS-MS: A Case Series of Nine Deaths
Authors: Rice Kathleen , Hikin Laura , Lawson Alexander , Smith Paul R , Morley Stephen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The emergence of novel designer benzodiazepines continues to be a public health concern. Flualprazolam is one of these drugs. It was initially identified in 2017. User forums suggest it is slightly more potent than alprazolam and has longer-lasting central nervous system depressant effects. Here we report a simple, sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for flualprazolam and report a series of nine cases in which flualprazolam was quantified. As is typical of forensic toxicology in the twenty-first century, all the cases had more than one drug present. None of the deaths could be directly attributed to flualprazolam alone, but all were likely due to a combination of sedative drugs. However, this paper still adds to the data available to allow interpretation of postmortem flualprazolam concentrations.
The Siege of the Outsiders ALADI: The first Latin American design association and its discourse of resistance
Authors: Buitrago-Trujillo Juan-Camilo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article on Latin American design history aims to contribute to studies in global design histories. The creation of ALADI (the Latin American Design Association), in 1978, involved the creation of a network between countries such as Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Colombia and also the establishment of relationships between Latin American designers and international professional institutions such as the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID). The article explains how these institutions boosted the influence of design practitioners in the region, how diverse positions regarding the social role of design within a regional context were debated, and how a certain definition of design was formulated. The asymmetrical relationships, between the periphery and the centre—between Latin America, western Europe and the United States—channelled into a discourse of resistance adopted by Latin American countries that aimed to reaffirm design as a tool for defending Latin American autonomy in the face of hegemonic onslaught, primarily by the Anglo-Saxon world. Based on exhaustive documentation and ethnographic work this article subscribes to the centre-periphery debates in design with a fundamental emphasis on the genealogy of the Latin American perception of the subject, a view so far not taken into account.
Seismic wave simulation of a complex foothill belt
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Yang Li , Si Wenpeng , Liu Houyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Foothill belts ‘dual-complexity’ of the surface and underground structures hinders an accurate seismic imaging of complex geological structures. In this paper, the propagation law of the seismic wavefield in the foothill belt is studied through seismic forward modelling and its influences on the seismic data acquisition and imaging. A foothill belt with typical ‘dual-complexity’ characteristics is investigated. Single-shot records and their imaging effects simulated with different absorption coefficients and different near-surface structure models are analysed. The results suggest that strong surface waves and their scattered noise generated by the complex near surface in the foothill belt are the main reasons for the low signal-to-noise ratio and difficulties in the imaging process of seismic data. The viscoelastic-medium modelling method effectively suppresses the surface waves and their scattered noise, which improves the seismic data quality and imaging in the foothill belt, and thus is a suitable forward modelling method for the foothill belts.
The social life of Bartolomeo della Nave’s art collection in Seicento Venice
Authors: Nalezyty Susan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Information on the life of the Venetian merchant Bartolomeo della Nave (1571/79?–1632) is scarce, but what is known is that he exhibited one of the most outstanding art collections in Venice in the early seventeenth century. This essay considers the places from which della Nave acquired some of his works, brings together visitor accounts of the collection, and examines della Nave’s innovative methods of displaying art in his home, which was frequented by visual artists, architects and writers. Itinerary accounts, visual quotations and poetic evocations chart the vivid afterlives of della Nave’s works – not only in Britain, where many of them travelled after his death, as has been well treated in the literature – but in Venice, where most of them originated.
A Wake-Up Call in Our Upside-Down World: Three Starting-Points for Advancing Health Rights and Social Justice in a Post-Pandemic Future
Authors: Yamin Alicia Ely 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
What the world and our health systems and societies look like in the future depends on the meaning(s) we take from this pandemic, and in turn how we collectively respond. Before the pandemic, we were living in a scandalously unequal world in which one per cent owned as much wealth as the rest of the globe’s population. Worse yet, as Eduardo Galeano suggested, in our upside-down world, this injustice had come to be accepted as a law of nature. This calamity has ravaged the planet with added suffering—some from the disease itself and more that is the result of structural injustice and policies adopted in response. But the disruption in the lives of tens of millions, as well as in the organization of our societies, provides an opportunity for subverting a number of pillars of the upside-down world, and we in the overlapping fields of health justice and human rights have a responsibility to think and act boldly on transformative political possibilities now. In this essay, I set out three lessons and the implications of those lessons. First, we must hold governments to account for the disparate impacts not only of the virus but of governmental responses to the virus. Secondly, if we hope to emerge from this pandemic with meaningful social contracts, it is imperative that we understand health and health systems as integral to democracy. Thirdly, we need to reimagine the architecture of aid, as well as global health and economic governance.
In its Nature—How Stealth Authoritarianism Keeps Stealing Along During the Pandemic, and How Can it be Stopped?
Authors: Kádár András 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This essay illustrates, through certain measures taken by the Hungarian government during the COVID19-epidemic, how the very nature of illiberal regimes determines their ways of dealing with national crises. How at times that call for unity, they opt for increasing polarization; how instead of transparency, they choose to restrict freedom of expression; and how they use the crisis to further weaken checks and balances instead of reinforcing public trust in the government by strengthening oversight of the executive. The essay also argues that despite the undeniable difficulties such situations pose to human rights work, they also present a unique opportunity to—more effectively than before—re-explain and re-present human rights as a matter of importance to all members of society—majority and minority alike. The experience that in crisis situations belonging to the mainstream may not protect one from becoming vulnerable and exposed to abuses by those in power, may enable rule of law and human rights advocates to better convey the message that the accountability of the executive branch is crucial to a well-functioning democracy, while an illiberal regime does not provide sufficient protection against such instances of government overreach.
Marrying innovative bride with competitive groom: Delhi High Court accepts jurisdiction of CCI on abuse of dominance
Authors: Raj Yash , Patel Vishwa , Buch Sannidhi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India, WP(C) Nos 1776/2016 and 3556/2017, High Court of Delhi, New Delhi, judgment of 20 May 2020 by Mr Justice Vibhu Bakhru
The Delhi High Court, in the case of Monsanto Holdings Pvt Ltd v Competition Commission of India, held that the Competition Commission of India has jurisdiction to examine and investigate any perceived anti-competitive practice or abuse of dominant position by any undertaking in matters relating to the rights of patentees under the Indian Patent Act 1970.
Assessment of impacts of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize production in Ghana
Authors: Koffi Djima , Kyerematen Rosina , Eziah Vincent Y , Osei-Mensah Yaa Oguabi , Afreh-Nuamah Kwame , Aboagye Ebenezer , Osae Michael , Meagher Robert L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda was considered an insect pest only in the Americas until its first report in African countries in 2016. In this study, farmers and agricultural officials in Ghana were interviewed on their perceptions and knowledge of the pest, on infestation and maize yield variations across years, and on management practices. Farms were inspected to determine the infestation level of 100 plants per hectare. Interviews revealed that farmers were familiar with the larval stages of this pest and noticed that the pest occurred throughout the year, but populations of S. frugiperda increased only during cropping seasons. Infestation levels reported by farmers in surveys were much lower in 2018 (30.38%) than in 2017 (80.92%). Farm inspections confirmed that infestation levels were much lower in 2018 (20.90%) than 2017 (73.70%). The belt formed by Guinea Savannah, Transitional Zone, and Semi-Deciduous Forest Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) recorded the highest infestations while the lowest were observed from the Sudan Savannah and Tropical Rain Forest AEZs. Insecticides were the most commonly used tactic to manage populations of this new pest. Maize yields increased across Ghana between 2013 and 2015 from 1.52 to 1.73 t/ha, decreased between 2015 and 2017 to 1.55 t/ha, and increased to 1.69 t/ha in 2018. The impact of fall armyworm injury to maize production is discussed.
Parallel Mechanism Composed of Abdominal Cuticles and Muscles Simulates the Complex and Diverse Movements of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera L.) Abdomen
Authors: Liang Youjian , Meng Kuilin , Zhao Jieliang , Ren Jing , Ge Siqin , Yan Shaoze 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe abdominal intersegmental structures allow insects, such as honey bees, dragonflies, butterflies, and drosophilae, to complete diverse behavioral movements. In order to reveal how the complex abdominal movements of these insects are produced, we use the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) as a typical insect to study the relationship between intersegmental structures and abdominal motions. Microstructure observational experiments are performed by using the stereoscope and the scanning electron microscope. We find that a parallel mechanism, composed of abdominal cuticle and muscles between the adjacent segments, produces the complex and diverse movements of the honey bee abdomen. These properties regulate multiple behavioral activities such as waggle dance and flight attitude adjustment. The experimental results demonstrate that it is the joint efforts of the muscles and membranes that connected the adjacent cuticles together. The honey bee abdomen can be waggled, expanded, contracted, and flexed with the actions of the muscles. From the view point of mechanics, a parallel mechanism is evolved from the intersegmental connection structures of the honey bee abdomen. Here, we conduct a kinematic analysis of the parallel mechanism to simulate the intersegmental abdominal motions.
Factors associated with suicidal ideation in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Akechi Tatsuo , Okuyama Toru , Uchida Megumi , Kubota Yosuke , Hasegawa Takaaki , Suzuki Nana , Komatsu Hirokazu , Kusumoto Shigeru , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma are at risk of suicide. The study objective was to investigate the clinical risk factors of suicidal ideation among multiple myeloma patients. Consecutive inpatients with a new primary diagnosis of multiple myeloma were recruited. Patients were asked to complete the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to measure suicidal ideation and depression. Patient demographic and biomedical characteristics (age, gender, education, marital status, employment, performance status and cancer stage) and pain and depression scores were analyzed as potential factors associated with suicidal ideation. Of the 79 patients, 10 [12.6% (95% confidence interval: 7–22)] had suicidal ideation. The results of a logistic regression analysis showed that being unmarried, less advanced cancer stage and depression were significantly associated with the presence of suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that a non-negligible proportion of patients with multiple myeloma experience suicidal ideation and that several multidimensional factors are significantly associated.
Displaced Syrian Mental Health Workers: An Investigation of Professional Quality of Life
Authors: Hamid Aseel , Scior Katrina , Abdul-Hamid Walid , Williams Amanda C de C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates levels of secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in Syrian mental health workers (MHWs) in a low-resource post-conflict environment. Sixty-one Syrian MHWs completed a cross-sectional questionnaire, in Arabic, incorporating the professional quality of life (ProQOL) scale. Our Arabic-translated ProQOL scale showed acceptable internal consistency estimates of reliability for all subscales. Relative to population norms and other samples of MHWs, the Syrian MHWs showed similar levels of burnout and higher levels of secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction. Those with no psychology-related educational background showed significantly higher secondary traumatic stress and burnout scores and significantly lower compassion satisfaction scores relative to those with a relevant educational background. Our findings indicate acceptable levels of ProQOL in Syrian MHWs, with the exception of those with no educational background in psychology. Training Syrian MHWs, with an emphasis on increasing the availability of educational training and adequate supervision and support, provides a sustainable solution to the provision of culturally and language-specific care in low-resource conflict settings.
Big progress for small subunits: new Rubisco mutants in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cavanagh Amanda P 
Published: August 2020

This article comments on:
Khumsupan P, Kozlowska MA, Orr DJ, Andreou AI, Nakayama N, Patron N, Carmo-Silva E, McCormick AJ. 2020. Generating and characterizing single- and multigene mutants of the Rubisco small subunit family in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 5963–5975.
How Reliable Is Automated Urinalysis in Acute Kidney Injury?
Authors: Chandrashekar Vani , Tarigopula Anil , Prabhakar Vikram 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Examination of urine sediment is crucial in acute kidney injury (AKI). In such renal injury, tubular epithelial cells, epithelial cell casts, and dysmorphic red cells may provide clues to etiology. The aim of this study was to compare automated urinalysis findings with manual microscopic analysis in AKI.

Methods
Samples from patients diagnosed with AKI and control patients were included in the study. Red blood cells, white blood cells, renal tubular epithelial cells/small round cells, casts, and pathologic (path) cast counts obtained microscopically and by a UF1000i cytometer were compared by Spearman test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the ability to predict AKI from parameters obtained from the UF1000i.

Results
There was poor correlation between manual and automated analysis in AKI. None of the parameters could predict AKI using logistic regression analysis. However, the increment in the automated path cast count increased the odds of AKI 93 times.

Conclusion
Automated urinalysis parameters are poor predictors of AKI, and there is no agreement with manual microscopy.