bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A plea for making brown bandages stick
Authors: Oyesiku Linda O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe act of healing is a uniquely humanizing experience ubiquitously symbolized by the application of a bandage, an action that occurs daily in dermatology and pediatric clinics. The beige bandages we use in clinics are merely a visible symbol and reinforcement of what is considered standard and what is a deviation from the norm. One hundred years ago, Johnson & Johnson was a pioneer in the field when they invented the adhesive bandage. One hundred years ago, they set an industry standard by creating, exporting, and upholding a normative standard for practically all adhesive bandages in medicine, including birth control and nicotine patches to nasal strips. It took one hundred years after its inception and with over 100 billion Band‐Aids produced with cartoons and superheroes, and in countless forms, for the inventors of bandages to offer a multitude of skin tones. Can we as healers stick with them? Or, can we implore ourselves to decolonize our clinics with a seemingly insignificant yet powerful symbolic gesture that lets our patients know that they are seen and not deviations from the norm? The conversation of diversity and inclusion in health and healing and institutional racism is obviously much deeper and profound than adhesive bandages. However, we can choose to acknowledge and celebrate diversity and inclusion in our practices as much as we can because it is significant to all of our patients, children, and adults alike.
Consociationalism is Dead! Long Live Zombie Power‐Sharing!
Authors: Nagle John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScholars argue that consociationalism has become the preferred institutional tool of choice for the international community when seeking an end to civil war. This paper argues that consociationalism is increasingly becoming redundant as an institutional apparatus to end violent conflict linked to intra‐state conflict. Over the last few decades divided societies have been subjected to consociational influence. In many places consociational institutions have long since ceased functioning in a way that is healthy for the body politic, yet somehow consociationalism remains dominant both for policy prescription and in academic thinking. While consociationalism was once understood by institutional designers to be transformative, facilitating a transition to a less sectarian system, the reverse is true. Rather than transformation and change, consociations tend to develop ossified properties rendering them resistant to practically any reform. Summoning the image of the zombie, I note that consociationalism is ‘dead but dominant’ and has to defend itself through increasingly authoritarian statecraft. Consociationalism is thus neither dead nor alive, but walking dead, listlessly stumbling from one crisis to the next. Each crisis is experienced contingently with the feeling that something could happen – that something could change – very soon, even as routine prevails in the face of an increasingly defensive state.
Afrotropics on the wing: phylogenomics and historical biogeography of awl and policeman skippers
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuel F.A. , Chiba Hideyuki , Yago Masaya , Dexter Kelly M. , Warren Andrew D. , Storer Caroline , Lohman David J. , Kawahara Akito Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Old‐World Tropics encompass many unique biomes and associated biotas shaped by drastic climate and geological changes throughout the Cenozoic. Disjunct distributions of clades between the Afrotropics and the Oriental regions are testament to these changes. Awl and policeman skippers (Hesperiidae: Coeliadinae) are disjunctly distributed with some genera endemic to the Afrotropics and others restricted to the Oriental and Australian regions. We reconstruct the phylogeny of these butterflies using target exon capture phylogenomics. We also generate a dated framework for this clade that uses the putatively oldest known butterfly fossil to estimate the historical biogeography of Coeliadinae using a model‐based approach. We infer a stable and robust phylogeny for the subfamily, with all but one Afrotropical lineage forming a derived clade. The African genus Pyrrhiades syn. nov. is placed in synonymy with Coeliades to accommodate the new phylogeny. Our comparative dating exercise casts doubt on the assignment of the fossil Protocoeliades kristenseni as a derived Coeliadinae and suggests, along with our biogeographic estimation, a split of Coeliadinae from the rest of skippers in the Palaeocene ca. 70 million years ago. The origin of crown Coeliadinae skippers is estimated in Indomalaya during the late Eocene ca. 36 million years ago, with subsequent Oligocene colonisation events toward the Australian region and the Afrotropics. Colonisation of the Afrotropics from the Indian region occurred during climatic transition, associated biome shifts, and the closure of the Tethys Ocean, which likely allowed geodispersal through the Arabian Peninsula. The current disjunct distribution of Coeliadinae in the Old World Tropics may result from the emergence of savannahs in the Miocene that progressively replaced woodlands and forests in the Arabian Peninsula and western Asia. Coeliadinae skippers are almost exclusively dicot feeders and were likely extirpated as grasslands became dominant, resulting in the present‐day disjunct distribution of these butterflies.
The Link Between Ethnic Segregation and Socio‐Economic Status: An Activity Space Approach
Authors: Järv Olle , Masso Anu , Silm Siiri , Ahas Rein 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe extent to which ethnic segregation results from differences in socio‐economic factors remains a seminal topic of debate. The growing literature demonstrating the multifaceted phenomenon of segregation urges more focus on individuals’ spatial and social interactions. We applied an activity space approach and considered ethnic differences in individuals’ activity spaces as an indicator of spatial segregation. We used mobile phone and survey datasets in Estonia. We show that place‐based segregation indices derived from both datasets indicate similar levels of ethnic segregation. From an activity space perspective, the results show that the main socio‐economic factor affecting the extensity of activity spaces is self‐estimated social status rather than education and income. Results show that ethnic inequality in spatial behaviour is not straightforward, but rather that it is linked to how individuals position themselves in society. We argue that socio‐economic factors need to be controlled to examine ethnic segregation from activity space perspective.
Toward Industrial Applicability of DNB Predictions in CFD With Improved Wall Boiling Models
Authors: Feng Jinyong , Skirpan Zachary , Baglietto Emilio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The design of Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel has to rely on costly prototypical experimental campaigns, due to the inherent limitations of legacy lumped-parameter thermal-hydraulics codes. By resolving the fine spatial scales, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods offer the opportunity of delivering improved fuel design, taking full advantage of three-dimensional mixing and turbulence control, but must extend their predictive capabilities to multiphase conditions up to DNB, where the maturity and accuracy of the methods is still developing. In this paper, the closures developed within the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model framework are assembled and extended to a general boiling formulation to deliver prediction of DNB at reactor conditions. The classic heat flux partitioning approach is advanced through selection of optimal closures for interaction length scale, nucleation site density, and bubble departure diameter, and further extended though the addition of a consistent DNB detection criterion, to reflect the near wall two phase characteristics. Assessment is performed at 138 bar against the experimental dataset for vertical pipe, where the inlet subcooling ranges from 1 to 150 K and the mass flux varies from 600 kg/(m2.s) to 2650 kg/(m2.s). The presented closures demonstrate consistent agreement with the experimental data, in particular in light of the calibration free application, while further work is ongoing to close the remaining gap and support the introduction of further modeling improvements.
Simulation of ENACCEF2 Premixed Hydrogen-Air Mixture Deflagration Experiment Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Jaseliūnaitė Justina , Povilaitis Mantas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
During a severe accident in a nuclear power plant, hydrogen would be generated due to the oxidation of metallic components in steam atmosphere. In the containment hydrogen would form a combustible mixture, posing a deflagration or even detonation risk threatening the integrity of the containment. In order to estimate possible loads generated by the hydrogen combustion, reliable numerical tools are needed to simulate the deflagration process. Recently, the French MITHYGENE project consortium and the European Technical Safety Organization Network (ETSON) organized a benchmark on hydrogen combustion to identify the current level of the computational tools in the area of hydrogen combustion simulation under a severe accident typical conditions. The benchmark was based on the experiments performed in the ENACCEF2 facility.
This paper presents post-benchmark simulations of the selected ENACCEF2 facility premixed hydrogen combustion experiment. The presented simulations were performed using a custom-built turbulent combustion OpenFOAM solver based on the progress variable model.
Turbulent flame acceleration phase in the acceleration tube was well predicted. Furthermore, the simulations were able to capture the interaction between the flame and shock wave which was generated by the turbulent deflagration flame and reflected at the end of the ENACCEF2 tube. The overall numerical results show good agreement with the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the velocity results and flame front propagation.
Effect of Containment Vessel’s Size Scale on the Aerosol Spray Scavenging Efficiency With Water Mist
Authors: Liang Hui , Zhou Qian , Erkan Nejdet , Suzuki Shunichi , Leblois Yohan , Gelain Thomas , Porcheron Emmanuel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the foreseen decommissioning and debris removal plans of the damaged Fukushima Daiichi reactors, the fuel debris will be broken into small pieces using laser or mechanical cutting techniques prior to removing them from the reactor buildings. Regardless of the technique to be employed, submicron radioactive aerosol particles will be generated and dispersed in the gas space of primary containment vessel during cutting operations. The water spray system has been proven to be an applicable method in removing aerosol particles. However, it cannot remove Greenfield-gap aerosol particles (with diameters between 0.1–1 μm) so effectively. To solve this problem, a new agglomeration method by addition of water mist before spray injection was developed. With preexisting water mist, aerosol particles were expected to aggregate with water mist and form larger-sized agglomerated aerosol-mist particles, which increased the effect of inertial impaction mechanism leading to higher scavenging efficiency. The new method has been verified to be capable of improving the spray scavenging efficiency for the Greenfield gap particles by conducting aerosol scavenging experiments without and with mist in the newly built UTARTS facility in the University of Tokyo. The experiment results showed that the aerosol removal rate increased along with the increasing of mist concentration level. To verify the new agglomeration method in different experiment facilities and to investigate the effects of vessel’s size scale on aerosol collection efficiency, similar experiments were repeated in the TOSQAN facility of IRSN, France. Though the cylindrical vessel in two facilities have same internal diameter, the vessel’s height of TOSQAN facility is 4.8 m, which is larger than the one in the UTARTS facility (2.5 m). The experiment results in TOSQAN facility also showed that water mist has potential to improve aerosol spray scavenging efficiency. The corresponding numerical simulations about aerosol removal by spray droplets without mist in both UTARTS and TOSQAN facilities were conducted to better understand the aerosol removal process, including time evolution of aerosol mass fraction and flow field of the gas phase.
The Experimental Study of Single Droplet Impinging on an Inclined Heated Wall
Authors: Tian Wenlong , Zhang Huang , Liu Qianfeng , Hu Guang , He Wen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigated a single droplet impinging on an inclined heated wall with different inclination angles. A high-speed camera was used to observe this impinging process at 10000 frames / second. The phenomena of the droplet spreading, shrinking, rebounding, boiling, break-up and splashing were observed. The effects of the wall temperature (Tw, 40–262 °C), the Weber number of the droplet (Wed, 0.66–589) and the wall inclination angle (α, 0–45.6°) on the spreading behavior of the droplet after impinging on the wall were analyzed. Energy conservation equation was used to analyze experimental results. The results show that increasing the inclination angle of the wall is beneficial to the forward spreading of the droplet along the wall, but not to the downward spreading. When α &gt; 45.6°, the droplet will break through the flow resistance of the wall and slide down all the time. The increase of the wall temperature and the Weber number of the droplet is beneficial to the backward and forward spreading of the droplet. Increasing α, increasing Tw and decreasing Wed will promote the shrinking of the droplet after spreading. In addition, the experimental phenomenon also shows that the larger the wall inclination and the higher the wall temperature, the easier the droplet will break away from the wall.
Unmet Challenges to Successfully Mitigating Severe Accidents in Multi Unit CANDU Reactors
Authors: Nijhawan Sunil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One sees eerie similarities here in Canada to the cozy relationship between regulator and utilities in ‘pre-Fukushima’ Japan. Such ties are hardly limited to Canada though. The chronic degradation of real commitments to continued improvements in reactor safety systems and a decline in overall safety culture that discourages critical design reviews and willfully ignores well justified, safety critical hardware upgrades, has created alarming conditions that are likely inching us towards another nuclear disaster. Operating CANDU reactors are now close to being obsolete but have barely seen any substantive severe accident related risk reduction upgrades nine years after Fukushima, hoopla in Canada around some minor improvements and premature closure of even otherwise sparse and what were really weak regulatory ‘Fukushima Action Items’ notwithstanding.
Computational Modeling of Terry Turbine Airflow Testing to Support the Expansion of Operating Band in Beyond Design Basis Conditions
Authors: Gilkey Lindsay N. , Andrews Nathan , Ross Kyle , Solom Matthew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The performance of the Reactor Core Isolation Cooling (RCIC) system under beyond design basis event (BDBE) conditions is not well-characterized. The operating band of the RCIC system is currently specified utilizing conservative assumptions, with restrictive operational guidelines not allowing for an adequate credit of the true capability of the system. For example, it is assumed that battery power is needed for RCIC operation to maintain the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) water level — a loss of battery power is conservatively assumed to result in failure of the RCIC turbopump system in a range of safety and risk assessments. However, the accidents at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) showed that the Unit 2 RCIC did not cease to operate following loss of battery power. In fact, it continued to inject water into the RPV for nearly 3 days following the earthquake. Improved understanding of Terry turbopump operations under BDBE conditions can support enhancement of accident management procedures and guidelines, promoting more robust severe accident prevention. Therefore, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. nuclear industry, and international stakeholders have funded the Terry Turbine Expanded Operating Band (TTEXOB) program. This program aims to better understand RCIC operations during BDBE conditions through combined experimental and modeling efforts.
As part of the TTEXOB, airflow testing was performed at Texas A&M University (TAMU) of a small-scale ZS-1 and a full-scale GS-2 Terry turbine. This paper presents the corresponding efforts to model operation of the TAMU ZS-1 and GS-2 Terry turbines with Sandia National Laboratories’ (SNL) MELCOR code. The current MELCOR modeling approach represents the Terry turbine with a system of equations expressing the conservation of angular momentum. The joint analysis and experimental program identified that a) it is possible for the Terry turbine to develop the same power at different speeds, and b) turbine losses appear to be insensitive to the size of the turbine. As part of this program, further study of Terry turbine modeling unknowns and uncertainties is planned to support more extensive application of modeling and simulation to the enhancement of plant-specific operational and accident procedures.
Hazard Analysis of Digital Engineered Safety Features Actuation System in Advanced Nuclear Power Plants Using a Redundancy-Guided Approach
Authors: Bao Han , Shorthill Tate , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Replacing the existing aging analog instrumentation and control (I&C) systems with modern safety control and protection digital technology offers one of the foremost means of performance improvements and cost reductions for the existing nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, the qualification of digital I&C systems remains a challenge, especially considering the issue of software common-cause failures (CCFs), which are difficult to address. With the application and upgrades of advanced digital I&C systems, software CCFs have become a potential threat to plant safety because most redundant designs use similar digital platforms or software in the operating and application systems. With complex designs of multilayer redundancy to meet the single-failure criterion, digital I&C safety systems (e.g., engineered safety-features actuation system [ESFAS]) are of a particular concern in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensing procedures. This paper applies a modularized approach to conduct redundancy-guided systems-theoretic hazard analysis for an advanced digital ESFAS with multilevel redundancy designs. Systematic methods and risk-informed tools are incorporated to address both hardware and software CCFs, which provide guidance to eliminate the triggers of potential single points of failure in the design of digital safety systems in advanced plant designs.
Applicability of Dynamic Modeling for Turbulent Schmidt and Prandtl Numbers on Density Stratification Breakup in Several Flow Conditions
Authors: Abe Satoshi , Studer Etienne , Ishigaki Masahiro , Sibamoto Yasuteru , Yonomoto Taisuke 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Many experiments on density stratification breakup in several flow conditions have been performed with the large- and small-scale experimental facilities to understand the mechanism underlying hydrogen behavior in a nuclear containment vessel during a severe accident. To improve the predictability of the RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes) approach, we implemented the dynamic modeling for turbulent Schmidt Sct and Prandtl Prt numbers. In this paper, the capability of the RANS analysis with dynamic Sct modeling is assessed with several experimental data obtained by using the MISTRA (Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, CEA, France), CIGMA and VIMES (Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan). For the quantitative assessment, the completion time of the stratification breakup, defined as when helium concentration in the upper region decreases to the same value in the lower region, is focused. The comparison study shows the good performance of the dynamic modeling for Sct and Prt. Besides, in the case with the low jet Froude number, the CFD accuracy declines significantly, because the jet upward bending is over-estimated.
Static Application of Transient Hydrodynamic Loads on Vessel Internal Structures As a Result of Pulse Jet Mixer Overblow: Low-Frequency Loads
Authors: Garcilazo Rafael , Fant Brian , Blevins Robert 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
At the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP), various vessels are designed to be agitated with internal pulse jet mixers (PJMs) in order to provide a means of mixing with no moving parts local to the vessel. PJMs are operated by use of an applied vacuum to draw liquid in followed by motive air to force liquid out (while not completely discharging all the liquid). This continual operation results in mixing of the vessel contents. In off-normal conditions, PJMs may completely discharge resulting in air rapidly injected into the vessel (PJM overblow).
An evaluation is complete to determine the statically applied transient Rayleigh-Plesset bubble loads resulting from PJM overblow on the vessel’s internal submerged structures. The low-frequency bubble loads on internal structures is determined via analysis of overblow test data, application of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation based on bubble pressure, PJM nozzle critical flow ratios, conservation of momentum, the relative equation of motion of a submerged non-fixed structure subject to both relative drag and relative acceleration, non-flow boundary conditions, use of a displacement-response spectra, and Hooke’s Law.
This theoretical Rayleigh-Plesset bubble loads model accounts for various vessel and internal submerged structure designs and different operational states: PJM cavity pressure, liquid density, depth of submerged bubble, and both choked or non-choked flow through the PJM nozzle.
Maternal diabetes and the risk of feeding and eating disorders in offspring: a national population-based cohort study
Authors: Wang Hui , He Hua , Yu Yongfu , Su Xiujuan , Li Fei , Li Jiong 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionPrevious studies have suggested that maternal diabetes may have programming effect on fetal brain development. However, little is known about the association between maternal diabetes and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring that mainly manifest in infancy or early childhood. We aimed to examine the association between maternal diabetes before or during pregnancy and feeding and eating disorders (FED) in offspring.Research design and methodsThis population-based cohort study included 1 193 891 singletons born in Denmark during 1996–2015. These children were followed from birth until the onset of FED, the sixth birthday, death, emigration, or 31 December 2016, whichever came first. Relative risk of FED was estimated by HRs using Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsA total of 40 867 (3.4%) children were born to mothers with diabetes (20 887 with pregestational diabetes and 19 980 with gestational diabetes). The incidence rates of FED were 6.8, 4.6 and 2.9 per 10 000 person-years among children of mothers with pregestational diabetes, gestational diabetes and no diabetes, respectively. Offspring of mothers with diabetes had a 64% increased risk of FED (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.99; p<0.001). The HR for maternal pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes was 2.01 (95% CI 1.59 to 2.56; p<0.001) and 1.28 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.72; p=0.097), respectively. The increased risk was more pronounced among offspring of mothers with diabetic complications (HR 2.97; 95% CI 1.54 to 5.72; p=0.001).ConclusionsMaternal diabetes was associated with an increased risk of FED in offspring in infancy and early childhood. Our findings can inform clinical decisions for better management of maternal diabetes, in particular before pregnancy, which can reduce early neurodevelopmental problems in the offspring.