bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provider perspectives of the introduction and implementation of care for drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in district-level facilities in South Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Vanleeuw Lieve , Atkins Salla , Zembe-Mkabile Wanga , Loveday Marian 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesDrug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a growing concern in many low-income and middle-income countries. Facing rising numbers of DR-TB patients, South Africa (SA) introduced a decentralised model of care for DR-TB in 2011. We aimed to document the introduction and implementation of the new models of care for patients with DR-TB in four provinces (Northern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and Gauteng) in 2015 using mixed methods, including interviews, register reviews and clinical audits. This paper reports on the qualitative component of the study.DesignThis is a qualitative interview study.SettingData were collected in 22 decentralised DR-TB sites, primary healthcare facilities and district hospitals and one provincial central DR-TB hospital.Participants58 healthcare workers (HCWs), facility staff and provincial and district TB coordinators were included in qualitative interviews.ResultsHCWs felt that the introduction of DR-TB care in their facility came with little warning or engagement, creating fear and anxiety. They expressed a need for support from the district and province to guide them through the changes but this support was often lacking. In addition, many respondents expressed feeling isolated and not supported by other healthcare providers which they feel impacts on the quality of the care they provide.ConclusionIntroduction of a new service such as DR-TB care can be difficult and does not always result in the intended outcomes. Improved engagement with front-line providers and addressing the fear and anxiety that may be raised by changes in daily practices should be addressed to ensure successful implementation and prevent negative consequences that can hamper quality of care for patients. Attention should be paid to how the decentralised DR-TB unit can be supported by district management and other healthcare providers.
Challenges in the acute identification of mild traumatic brain injuries: results from an emergency department surveillance study
Authors: Pozzato Ilaria , Meares Susanne , Kifley Annette , Craig Ashley , Gillett Mark , Vu Kim Van , Liang Anthony , Cameron Ian , Gopinath Bamini 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo establish the proportion of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) diagnosis among people presenting to an emergency department (ED), to determine the accuracy of recorded ED diagnoses. We also aimed to describe challenges in mTBI case identification and its acute hospital management.Design and settingA retrospective chart review of all ED attendances to a major trauma hospital, over a 9-month period (June 2015–February 2016).ParticipantsAdults aged 18–65 years consecutively presenting to an ED.Primary outcome measuresProportion of mTBI diagnosis among ED attendances (ie, confirmed mTBI based on the WHO criteria or indeterminate mTBI based on secondary criteria), and proportion of accurately recorded mTBI diagnosis by ED clinicians (ie, ‘mTBI’, ‘concussion’).ResultsOf 30 479 ED attendances, 351 (1.15%) confirmed mTBI diagnosis and 180 (0.6%) indeterminate diagnosis were identified. Only 81 (23.1%) individuals with a confirmed mTBI had a ‘mTBI diagnosis’ clearly recorded in the medical notes. Of the allocated discharge diagnosis codes to the two identified cohorts, 89.8% were not indicative of mTBI. Intracranial injuries were found in 31 (8.5%) confirmed cases. Glasgow Coma Scale scores were consistently assessed in the ED but identified only 117 (33.3%) confirmed mTBI cases. Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) testing was able to confirm acute cognitive impairment in 113 (62.1%) of those who were tested (182, 51.3%).ConclusionsmTBI is a common, but an under-recognised cause for ED attendance. Despite challenges, the use of an operational definition such as the WHO diagnostic criteria can improve accuracy in mTBI identification. Acute management may be enhanced by rapid assessment of PTA.
Applying thematic synthesis to interpretation and commentary in epidemiological studies: identifying what contributes to successful interventions to promote hand hygiene in patient care
Authors: Drey Nicholas , Gould Dinah , Purssell Edward , Chudleigh Jane , Moralejo Donna , Gallagher Rose , Jeanes Annette , Wigglesworth Neil , Pittet Didier 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesHand hygiene is considered the most important preventive measure for healthcare-associated infections, but adherence is suboptimal. We previously undertook a Cochrane Review that demonstrated that interventions to improve adherence are moderately effective. Impact varied between organisations and sites with the same intervention and implementation approaches. This study seeks to explore these differences.MethodsA thematic synthesis was applied to the original authors’ interpretation and commentary that offered explanations of how hand hygiene interventions exerted their effects and suggested reasons why success varied. The synthesis used a published Cochrane Review followed by three-stage synthesis.ResultsTwenty-one papers were reviewed: 11 randomised, 1 non-randomised and 9 interrupted time series studies. Thirteen descriptive themes were identified. They reflected a range of factors perceived to influence effectiveness. Descriptive themes were synthesised into three analytical themes:methodological explanations for failure or success(eg, Hawthorne effect) and two related themes that address issues with implementing hand hygiene interventions:successful implementation needs leadership and cooperation throughout the organisation(eg, visible managerial support) andunderstanding the context and aligning the intervention with it drives implementation(eg, embedding the intervention into wider patient safety initiatives).ConclusionsThe analytical themes help to explain the original authors’ perceptions of the degree to which interventions were effective and suggested new directions for research: exploring ways to avoid the Hawthorne effect; exploring the impact of components of multimodal interventions; the use of theoretical frameworks for behaviour change; potential to embed interventions into wider patient safety initiatives; adaptations to demonstrate sustainability; and the development of systematic approaches to implementation. Our findings corroborate studies exploring the success or failure of other clinical interventions: context and leadership are important.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of head and body impacts in American 7v7 non-tackle football
Authors: Jadischke Ron , Zendler Jessica , Lovis Erik , Elliott Andrew , Goulet Grant C 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesNon-tackle American football is growing in popularity, and it has been proposed as a safer alternative for young athletes interested in American football. Little is known about the nature of head contact in the sport, which is necessary to inform the extent to which protective headgear is warranted. The objective of this study was to identify the location, types and frequency of head and body contacts in competitive 7v7 non-tackle American football.MethodsVideo analysis was used to document the type, frequency and mechanism of contacts across a series of under 12, under 14 and high school non-tackle tournament games. A subset of impacts was quantitatively analysed via 3-D model-based image matching to calculate the preimpact and postimpact speed of players’ heads and the change in resultant translational and rotational velocities.ResultsThe incidence rate of head contact was found to be low (3.5 contacts per 1000 athlete-plays). Seventy-five per cent of head contacts were caused by a head-to-ground impact. No head-to-head contacts were identified. Most contacts occurred to the rear upper (occiput) or side upper (temporal/parietal) regions. Head-to-ground impact was associated with a maximum preimpact velocity of 5.9±2.2 m/s and a change in velocity of 3.0±1.1 m/s.ConclusionNon-tackle football appears to represent a lower contact alternative to tackle football. The distribution of head impact locations, mechanisms and energies found in the present study is different than what has been previously reported for tackle football. The existing tackle football standards are not appropriate to be applied to the sport of non-tackle football, and sport-specific head protection and headgear certification standards must be determined.
Planning injury prevention training for youth handball players: application of the generalisable six-step intervention development process
Authors: Ageberg Eva , Bunke Sofia , Nilsen Per , Donaldson Alex 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundYouth handball players are vulnerable to injuries. Because there is no available injury prevention training specifically developed for youth handball players targeting both upper and lower limbs or incorporating psychological aspects of injury, we undertook the ‘Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)’ project. We used an ecological participatory design incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders (health beneficiaries, programme deliverers and policy makers). The aim of this paper was to describe the process of developing the I-PROTECT model, featuring injury prevention training and an accompanying implementation strategy.DesignWe used the generalisable six-step intervention development process, outlined to guide researchers when developing implementable, evidence-based sports injury prevention interventions, to develop the I-PROTECT model. The six-step process involves establishing a research–stakeholder collaborative partnership to (1) identify and synthesise research evidence and clinical experience; (2) consult with relevant experts; (3) engage end users to ensure their needs, capacity and values are considered; (4) test the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention; (5) evaluate the intervention against theory; and (6) obtain feedback from early implementers. Two community handball clubs in southern Sweden, offering organised training for youth male and female players, and the district handball federation, participate in the intervention development. Drafts of the I-PROTECT model will be developed and revised with key stakeholder advice and input throughout all six steps.ConclusionThe I-PROTECT model described will be an end user-driven intervention, including evidence-based, theory-informed and context-specific injury prevention training for youth handball, and an associated implementation strategy.
Rotating night shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among steelworkers in China: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Zhang Shengkui , Wang Yongbin , Wang Zhende , Wang Han , Xue Chao , Li Qinglin , Guan Weijun , Yuan Juxiang 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesIn a 24/7 society, the negative metabolic effects of rotating night shift work have been increasingly explored. This study aimed to examine the association between rotating night shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in steelworkers.MethodsA total of 6881 subjects was included in this study. Different exposure metrics of night shift work including current shift status, duration of night shifts (years), cumulative number of night shifts (nights), cumulative length of night shifts (hours), average frequency of night shifts (nights/month) and average length of night shifts (hours/night) were used to examine the relationship between night shift work and NAFLD.ResultsCurrent night shift workers had elevated odds of NAFLD (OR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.48) compared with those who never worked night shifts after adjustment for potential confounders. Duration of night shifts, cumulative number of night shifts and cumulative length of night shifts were positively associated with NAFLD. Both the average frequency of night shifts (>7 nights/month vs ≤7 nights/month: OR, 1.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.45) and average length of night shifts (>8 hours/night vs ≤8 hours/night: OR, 1.27, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.51) were independently associated with overall NAFLD after mutually adjusting for the duration of night shifts and other potential confounders among night shift workers. No significant association was found in female workers between different exposure metrics of night shift work and NAFLD.ConclusionsRotating night shift work is associated with elevated odds of NAFLD in male steelworkers.
Efficacy of tofacitinib in reducing pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Ogdie Alexis , de Vlam Kurt , McInnes Iain B , Mease Philip J , Baer Philip , Lukic Tatjana , Gruben David , Kwok Kenneth , Wang Cunshan , Hsu Ming-Ann , Maniccia Anna 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the efficacy of tofacitinib in reducing pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in a post-hoc analysis of randomised controlled trials.MethodsData were collected from patients in seven tofacitinib studies: six phase III (four RA, two PsA) and one phase II study (AS), and grouped into five analysis populations based on rheumatic disease diagnosis and category of prior inadequate response (IR) to treatment: conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs-IR (RA and PsA), tumour necrosis factor inhibitors-IR (RA and PsA), or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-IR (AS). Only patients who received tofacitinib 5 or 10 mg twice daily or placebo were included. Pain assessments included: Patient’s Assessment of Arthritis Pain, Short-Form Health Survey 36v2 Question (Q)7 and Bodily Pain domain, Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life Q9 and Q14, EuroQol Five Dimensions Pain/Discomfort dimension and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index Q2 and Q3. Data were reported to month 6 (placebo to month 3) in the RA and PsA populations, and week 12 (tofacitinib and placebo) in the AS population.ResultsOverall, 3330 patients were included in this analysis. In the RA and PsA populations, pain improvements in tofacitinib-treated patients compared with placebo were observed at the earliest time point assessed and at month 3 (maintained to month 6). In the AS population, pain improvements compared with placebo were observed at week 12.ConclusionTofacitinib was associated with rapid and sustained improvements across multiple pain measures in patients with inflammatory rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases.
Antimicrobial resistance in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
isolates from foreign-born population in the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme
Authors: Hernando Rovirola Cristina , Spiteri Gianfranco , Sabidó Meritxell , Montoliu Alexandra , Gonzalez Victoria , Casabona Jordi , Cole Michelle Jayne , Noori Teymur , Unemo Magnus 
Published: February 2020

Objectives

International spread has contributed substantially to the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
infections worldwide. We compared the prevalence of AMR gonococcal isolates among native persons to foreign-born (reporting country different from country of birth) persons, and describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of foreign-born patients and their associations to AMR.

Methods
We analysed isolates and patient data reported to the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme (Euro-GASP) 2010–2014 (n=9529).

Results
Forty-three per cent of isolates had known country of birth and 17.2% of these were from persons born abroad. Almost 50% of foreign-born were from the WHO European Region (13.1% from non-European Union [EU] and the European Economic Area [EEA] countries). Compared with isolates from natives, isolates from foreign-born had a similar level (p>0.05) of azithromycin resistance (7.5% vs 7.2%), ciprofloxacin resistance (50.0% vs 46.3%) and of decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone (1.9% vs 2.8%); a lower rate of cefixime resistance (5.7% vs 3.6%, p=0.02), and a higher proportion of isolates producing penicillinase (8.4% vs 11.7%, p=0.02). Among isolates from persons born outside EU/EEA, the level of decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone was higher (1.8% vs 3.5%, p=0.02), particularly in those from the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region and non-EU/EEA WHO European countries (1.9% vs 9.6% and 8.7%, respectively, p<0.01). In multivariable analysis, foreign-born patients with AMR isolates were more likely to be from non-EU/EEA WHO European countries (adjusted OR [aOR]: 3.2, 95% CI 1.8 to 5.8), WHO Eastern Mediterranean countries (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.3) and heterosexual males (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.7).

Conclusions
Importation of AMR strains remains an important threat in the EU/EEA. Research to improve understanding of sexual networks within foreign born and sexual tourism populations could help to inform effective tailor-made interventions. The Euro-GASP demonstrates the public health value of quality-assured surveillance of gonococcal AMR and the need for strengthened AMR surveillance, particularly in the non-EU/EEA WHO European Region.
THE IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE LABOR SHARE: EVIDENCE FROM ASIA
Authors: HU XIAOSHAN , WAN GUANGHUA , WANG JING 
Published: February 2020

The decline in the share of labor income — an indicator of functional income distribution — has contributed to rising income inequality world-wide. Despite a growing literature, little is known about the effects of globalization on the labor share or inequality in Asia where some of the economies are most globalized. Applying fixed-effect regressions to panel data from 29 Asian economies over the period from 1980 to 2014, we focus on the impacts of globalization on the labor share in Asia where globalization is measured by trade openness and FDI. The modeling results show that trade openness is a significant determinant of the labor share. More specifically, the impact of export is significantly negative and the impact of import is positive. In terms of FDI, the coefficient of the inward FDI is significantly positive and that of the outward FDI is significantly negative in developing countries only.
Comment on: Quantum theory of a non-Hermitian time-dependent forced harmonic oscillator having 𝒫𝒯 symmetry
Authors: Mana Naima , Maamache Mustapha 
Published: February 2020

Pedrosa et al.1 have recently used a [Formula: see text] symmetric linear invariant to study a unidimensional time-dependent [Formula: see text] symmetric harmonic oscillator with a complex time-dependent [Formula: see text] symmetric external force. We show in this comment that the normalization condition of the eigenfunctions of the invariant is not verified as claimed in Ref. 1. In order to obtain the normalization condition, we introduce a novel concept of the pseudoparity-time (pseudo-[Formula: see text]) symmetry.
Efficient handling of fault properties using the Juxtaposition Table Method
Authors: Knai Tor Anders , Lescoffit Guillaume 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Faults are known to affect the way that fluids can flow in clastic oil and gas reservoirs. Fault barriers either stop fluids from passing across or they restrict and direct the fluid flow, creating static or dynamic reservoir compartments. Representing the effect of these barriers in reservoir models is key to establishing optimal plans for reservoir drainage, field development and production.
Fault property modelling is challenging, however, as observations of faults in nature show a rapid and unpredictable variation in fault rock content and architecture. Fault representation in reservoir models will necessarily be a simplification, and it is important that the uncertainty ranges are captured in the input parameters. History matching also requires flexibility in order to handle a wide variety of data and observations.
The Juxtaposition Table Method is a new technique that efficiently handles all relevant geological and production data in fault property modelling. The method provides a common interface that is easy to relate to for all petroleum technology disciplines, and allows a close cooperation between the geologist and reservoir engineer in the process of matching the reservoir model to observed production behaviour. Consequently, the method is well suited to handling fault property modelling in the complete life cycle of oil and gas fields, starting with geological predictions and incorporating knowledge of dynamic reservoir behaviour as production data become available.
Histone Demethylase JMJD1A Promotes Tumor Progression via Activating Snail in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tang Dong-E , Dai Yong , Fan Ling-Ling , Geng Xin-Yan , Fu De-Xue , Jiang Hao-Wu , Xu Song-Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The histone demethylase JMJD1A plays a key functional role in spermatogenesis, sex determination, stem cell renewal, and cancer via removing mono- and di-methyl groups from H3K9 to epigenetically control gene expression. However, its role in prostate cancer progression remains unclear. Here, we found JMJD1A was significantly elevated in prostate cancer tissue compared with matched normal tissue. Ectopic JMJD1A expression in prostate cancer cells promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and tumorigenesis in vivo; JMJD1A knockdown exhibited the opposite effects. Mechanically, we revealed that JMJD1A directly interacted with the Snail gene promoter and regulated its transcriptional activity, promoting prostate cancer progression both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that JMJD1A transcriptionally activated Snail expression via H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 demethylation at its special promoter region. In summary, our studies reveal JMJD1A plays an important role in regulating proliferation and progression of prostate cancer cells though Snail, and thus highlight JMJD1A as potential therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer.

Implications:
Our studies identify that JMJD1A promotes the proliferation and progression of prostate cancer cells through enabling Snail transcriptional activation, and thus highlight JMJD1A as potential therapeutic target for advanced prostate cancer.
Citrate-Based Self-Circulation Anticoagulation Protocol for Discontinuity of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Weng Yonglin , Zhou Fang , Fu Yueqiang , Li Jing , Fan Dejun , Bai Ke , Liu Chengjun , Xu Feng , Zuo Zelan 
Published: February 2020

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been used widely in the treatment of critically ill children for its continuity. However, sometimes we have to interrupt the continuity for necessary surgeries or blood transfusions. Our objective was to demonstrate a feasible self-circulation anticoagulation protocol based on citrate (CSAP) to address discontinuity during CRRT. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a prospective observational study of 57 pediatric patients undergoing 88 CRRT sessions that were receiving CSAP during the treatment discontinuity period by using an anticoagulation regimen containing 5 mL 4% sodium citrate in 50 mL of saline to maintain the continuity. We documented the reasons for CSAP and the total duration of the treatment. We assessed the in-line pressure recordings, blood routine examination, blood electrolytes, and blood gas analysis before, throughout, and after the period of CSAP. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The average duration of CSAP was 118.5 ± 45.3 min. There was no significant increase in arterial pressures, venous pressures, and transmembrane pressures and no significant decreases in blood cell counts observed at the end of the CSAP, compared to the data recorded at the beginning of the CSAP. Compared to before the CSAP, there was no significant change in the ratio of total to ionized calcium, Na<sup>+</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>, and pH value after CSAP. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> CSAP might be a safe, effective, and easy approach for use during the treatment discontinuity of CRRT in children.