bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of health status and morbidity pattern in 5-18 years Birhor children: A primitive tribe of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Kurrey Virendra Kumar , Lokesh Sharma , Rakesh Nahrel , Sharja Phuljhele 
Published: June 2020

Background: A 5-18 years children constitute about 31.6% of the Indian population. This age group, particularly children of underprivileged class are at higher risk to suffer from malnutrition and health-related condition and needs to be developed and cultivate for the country to progress. Objectives: To study the health status and morbidity pattern in Birhor children (5-18 years) of Dharamjaigarh Block Raigarh, Chhattisgarh. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 Birhor children (boys and girls of 5-18 years age). Anthropometric indices were used to determine the health status and variants, i.e., socioeconomic condition, cultural feeding practices, and family literacy were studied which could have an influence on thehealth status. Morbidity pattern was also studied by assessing the current illness by clinical examination and history of past illnesses. Results: The prevalence of underweight was 32.5%, while stunting was found in 22% and thinness in 24% children. Prevalence of common morbidities was as follows: Pallor (66%), conjunctival xerosis (38%), caries teeth (32%), skin infections (24%), and lymphadenopathy (22%). History of acute febrile illness (non-malaria) was present in 46% cases, malaria in 16%, jaundice in 16%,envenomation/intoxication/animal bites in 16%, and history of hospitalization was present in 12% cases, and trauma/accidents was there in 12% cases in the past. Conclusion: In this study, we found a high prevalence of morbidities in Birhor tribal; though, the health status of these children when compared with other tribes of different states was not critical.
One minute preceptor as an effective teaching and learning method for pediatric internship: An interventional study
Authors: Iyer Chandrakala R , Nanditha G , Raman Janaki 
Published: June 2020

Background: Compulsory Rotating Residential Internship (CRRI) is an important learning period for medical graduates to become competent registered medical practitioners. Exclusive teaching programs for interns are scarce. During short pediatric CRRI postings, it is difficult to disseminate the necessary knowledge and skills to manage the common pediatric problems seen in the community by traditional teaching methods. We explored innovative teaching techniques to train the interns in a short time to acquire such basic skills. One minute preceptor (OMP) is a five micro skills clinical teaching, tailored to the learner’s needs by motivating them to learn. Objective: To implement OMP in our busy pediatric outpatient department (OPD) to train the interns andto know if it is an effective teaching technique. Methods: The study group included 15 interns who were posted to pediatric OPD on rotation for a month and never had earlier OMP teaching module. Their learning experience with traditional teaching method was gathered by a validated pre-project questionnaire graded on Likert scale. After 3 OMP sessions with a trained faculty, their learning experience was again collected by a post-project questionnaire. The data were compared and analyzed statistically using stata14 version software. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The average scores of questions went up from 1.3 and3.1 in pre-project questionnaire to average scores of 2.3 and 4.1 in post-project questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale. This shows OMP as an effective teaching method over traditional teaching method for interns at pediatric OPD. Preceptor experienced OMP as simple, individualized and focused teaching method to the interns. Conclusion: OMP should be implemented in pediatric OPD to train the interns on common pediatric problems.
A retrospective cross-sectional study of nonsurgical management of childhood intussusception in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Muduli Jayant Kumar , Mitra Meenakshi 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To describe the factors based on which nonsurgical management of acute intussusception may be undertaken. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data of all the children admitted in the pediatric ward of the hospital with radiologically confirmed intussusception between January 2016 and December 2016 from case files. A surgical consultation had been taken, and the children with no hemodynamic instability had been treated with gut rest, intravenous fluids, and sodium phosphate enema. Results: Total 25 cases were studied, and nonsurgical management was successful in 88% of these cases. Statistically significant association was found between younger age (p=0.033), shorter duration of symptoms at presentation (p=0.005), early initiation of treatment (p=0.001) and shorter hospital stay (p=0.002), and successful nonsurgical management of acute intussusception. Conclusion: Younger age, shorter duration of symptoms, and early initiation of management are significantly associated with successful nonsurgical management of acute intussusception. With the above results, risk stratification may be proposed for predicting successful nonsurgical management of acute intussusception.
Effect of central adiposity on lung function tests in adolescents
Authors: Rao Chandrika , Renukappa Varun Bhaktarahalli , Ramu Somashekar Ankanahalli , Srinivas Murthy Nandigudi 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the relation of total body adiposity and abdominal adiposity markers with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in adolescents in Bengaluru. Methods: 125 healthy children from a school and 70 asthmatics from Ramaiah hospital between 10 and 15 years were included in the study. Anthropometry including weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and abdominal height was done in all study adolescents. The subjects were categorized according to BMI. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were done by Knudson methodand FEV1, FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. The patients were classified by their asthma severity according to GINA guidelines. Results: BMI, weight, waist and hip circumference correlated with abdominal height in male asthmatics and controls where they revealed significant correlations with FEV1/FVC% ratio. In females, abdominal height correlated with BMI, weight, waist and hip circumference in both the groups. PEF correlated with BMI, weight, waist circumference, and abdominal height in healthy females. FEV1/FVC correlated with BMI, abdominal height in female asthmatics, with weight in healthy females.Independent predictors of FEV1/FVC% ratio were hip circumference in males and abdominal height, and waist circumference in females. Conclusion: Increase in obesity is associated with reduced lung volumes and flows. The abdominal adiposity markers (waist and hip circumference, and abdominal height) are significant and effective predictors of obesity and the variations of PFT’s than total adiposity markers (BMI and weight).
Study of cardiac changes in children with malnutrition
Authors: Mannu Alexander , Narayana Ganesh , Ramagopal Ganavi , Vasudevan Jaishree , Nayar Pradeep G 
Published: June 2020

Background: Children with malnutrition usually exhibit several alterations in the body composition, one of them being a loss of cardiac muscle and its consequences. Aim: The aim of this study is to detect the incidence of cardiac involvement among malnourished schoolchildren as shown by clinical examination and corresponding investigations. Methodology: This is a prospective case-control study conducted on 15 children between 5 and 15 years of age with malnutrition. Inclusion criteria were children who fall under the definition of moderate malnutrition as per the World Health Organization (WHO) Z-score based on the WHO Child Growth Standards. Children with known congenital/acquired heart diseases were excluded from the study. Thesechildren were assessed by echocardiography and estimation of cardiac troponin T (cTn T) levels for cardiac involvement that was compared with 12 healthy controls. Results: The mean left ventricular mass (LVM) was 16.74 units higher in children with normal nutritional status compared with malnourished children (p=0.092, 95% confidence interval=2.91-36.40).The mean LVM index was 4.76 units higher in children with normal nutritional status compared with kids with malnutrition indicating the reduction of cardiac muscle mass. Conclusion: As cardiac muscle mass is reduced in children with malnutrition leading to various complications, they need early detection, monitoring, and appropriate management.
To study the clinicoetiological profile of children admitted with bleeding diathesis
Authors: Bhalla Kapil , Mehta Poonam , Nanda Sanjiv , Mehra Shuchi 
Published: June 2020

Background: Bleeding complications in children may be caused by disorders of secondary hemostasis or fibrinolysis. A child who presents with bleeding warrants evaluation for a significant bleeding problem. Objectives: The aim is to study the clinicoetiological profile of children admitted with bleeding diathesis. Materials and Methods: Children up to the age of 14 years presenting in the Department of Pediatrics, Pandit B D Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, with hemorrhagic diathesis, that is, non-traumatic spontaneous bleeding, suspected to be either due to the defective primary hemostatic mechanism (platelet– blood vessel interaction) or defective secondary hemostatic mechanism, were enrolled for this study. Frequency distribution of various bleeding disorders in various age groups was studied. Results: A total of 92 children up to the age of 14 years were taken up for study, of which, maximum cases with bleeding presented with hematemesis (23.9%) followed by melena (22.8%). A total of 73 children (79.34%) presented with skin and joint bleeds. We were able to make diagnosis in 82 children (89.1%). Among 82 patients, 31 (37.8%) had bleeding secondary to infections, 11 (13.4%) had coagulation disorder, 9 (10.97%) had Henoch–Schonlein purpura (HSP) and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) each, 6 (7.3%) had hypoplastic bone marrow, 2 (2.4%) had chronic malaria, 4 (4.9%) had leukemia, 6 (7.3%) had liver diseases, and 6 (7.3%) had hemorrhagic disease of newborn (HDN). Almost half of the children with bleeding manifestations in each age group had thrombocytopenia. The most common causes of bleeding in <1 year were septicemia with thrombocytopenia and HDN; among 1-7 years were infections, ITP, and coagulation disorders; and in more than 7 years were HSP, ITP, liver disease, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Conclusion: Our study foundthat the gastrointestinal tract was the most common site of bleeding in children presenting with non-traumatic spontaneous bleed, and thrombocytopenia was present in 50% of the cases in each age group. We also found that infections were the most common cause of bleeding in younger children, whereas immunological causes and coagulation disorders predominate in older children. Hence, while evaluating any child with bleeding, age at presentation is also an important parameter to find the etiological diagnosis.
Neurodevelopmental assessment of neonates with congenital hypothyroidism in a tertiary care center
Authors: James Jemila , Nair, P M C , Kailas Lalitha , Narayanan Sreedevi 
Published: June 2020

Background: Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in early neurodevelopment so that untreated severe congenital hypothyroidism (CH) results in neurological and psychiatric deficits, including intellectual disability, spasticity, and disturbances of gait and coordination. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the neuromotor and neurocognitive development of babies at 12 months of age who are diagnosed to have CH and initiated on thyroxine treatment at birth. Furthermore, to estimate the occurrence of CH among babies delivered in our hospital through thyroid screening. Study Design: This was a descriptive study. Setting: The study was conducted in Sree Gokulam Medical College Hospital and Research Foundation, a tertiary care center, located in Trivandrum, Kerala. Participants: All babies delivered in the hospital during the study period and neonatal screening was done for CH. Methods: Cord blood was collected as the direct flow of blood from cord, labeled and sent to laboratory from delivery room for analysis (by chemiluminescent assay) of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Babies with cord blood TSH level ?20 uIU/ml were repeated at 72 h of age for venous TSH and FT4 level. Venous TSH level ?20 uIU/ml with low FT4 (below normal range for age) was considered as abnormal and initiated on treatment before discharge from the hospital. These babies were followed till 12 months of age for neurodevelopmental assessment. Results: The occurrence of CH among babies delivered in our hospital was 0.6 in 100 live births. Neurodevelopmental assessment of babies with CH on follow-up has shown normal neuromotor and neurocognition at 12 months of age with early detection and prompt initiation of L-thyroxine at a higher dose range within 5 days of age. Conclusion: In our study, early detection and initiation of treatment in infants with CH have shown normal neuromotor and neurocognitive development at 12 months of age.
To study the clinical profile of children with pleural effusion at a Tertiary Care Center in North India: A prospective study
Authors: Mehta Poonam , Rathod Kamleshkumar G , Bhalla Kapil , Nanda Sanjiv 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Pleural effusion is the most common manifestation of pleural disorders and is mostly secondary to bacterial infections in children. Aims and Objectives: The primary objective was to study the clinical presentation of pleural effusion in hospitalized children. The secondary objective was to establish the etiology. Methods: A prospective observational study conducted from April 2014 to September 2015. Children >1 month and <14 years diagnosed to have pleural effusion on clinical and radiological examination were included in the study. Data regarding demographic profile, presenting complaints, immunization history, anthropometry, biochemical and radiological investigations, and the outcome of the patients were collected. Results: Seventy-five patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 69.97±48.23 months. Regarding etiology of pleural effusion, it was parapneumonic in 35 (46.6%), empyema in 18 (24%), transudative in 12 (16%), tubercular in 9 (12%), and malignant (non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma) in 1 (1.3%) case. The presenting complaints were fever (82.6%), cough (78.7%), respiratory distress (69.3%), chest pain (36%), and abdominal pain (9.3%). There was no sex predominance. About 16% patients were severely malnourished. Severe anemia was present in 5 (6.7%) patients. None of them required decortication surgery, and none of the patients expired during hospitalization. Conclusion: Pleural effusion is a major health problem with parapneumonic effusion still beingthe most common etiology. Our study also confirmed that fever, cough, and respiratory distress were the most common presenting complaints and most of the children were malnourished. A high index of suspicion is required to avoid delays in diagnosis that may influence treatment and outcome.
Infant feeding practices in an urban tertiary care hospital: A descriptive longitudinal study
Authors: Hegde Jayashree , Manjula L , Venkatesha K R 
Published: June 2020

Background: Infant and young child feeding are the corner stone for child development. More than a third of the world’s undernourished children reside in India. Inadequate infant and young child feeding practices with inadequate care and management of common illnesses contributes to malnutrition. Objective: To study the prevailing infant feeding practices and determine influence of factors on infant feeding in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A descriptive longitudinal follow-up study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between November 2010 and April 2012. Maternal and baby’s profiles were obtained using oral questionnaire after birth by personal one-to-one interview. These cases were followed up for their infant feeding practices till 1 year of age in outpatient department and also by telephonic conversation. Continous variables were analysed by mean and SD. For categorical variable frequency and percentage were determined. Results: 61.25% mothers had initiated breastfeeding within 1 h. Prelacteal feed was given to 28.6% babies. 61.5% had initiated complementary feed at 6 months. Bottle feeding was preferred mode of feeding. There was a statistically significant association between initiation of breastfeeding and parity (p=0.022) and type ofdelivery (p<0.0001), religion and complementary feeding introduction (p<0.001), religion and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) (p=0.003), occupation and EBF duration (p=0.005), education (p=0.015), and religion (p=0.001) were associated with prelacteal feeds. Conclusions: Infant feeding practices observed from the study include early initiation of breastfeeding, appropriate duration of EBF, and timely introduction of complementary feed. Practice of prelacteal and bottle feeding was seen. Infant feeding practices are found to be influenced by several socio-demographic factors.
Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome: A case report
Authors: Chaudhary Piyush , Agrawal Archana , Malhotra Ankur , Bangari Akhil 
Published: June 2020

A 7 years girl presented with seizures, intellectual disability, right sided spastic cerebral palsy, and strabismus of right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain was suggestive of severe volume loss of brain parenchyma with dilatation of ipsilateral lateral ventricle, and other MRI features diagnostic of infantile type Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome also termed as cerebral hemiatrophy. Seizures can be refractory to medical treatment and surgical treatment may become necessary. Greater awareness about the disease is required to diagnose the condition timely and refer to neurosurgery in the case of refractory seizures as hemispherectomy is thetreatment of choice with high success rate.
High doses of melatonin as a potential therapeutic tool for the neurologic sequels of covid-19 infection
Authors: Cardinali Daniel Pedro 
Published: June 2020

The therapeutic potential of melatonin as an agent to counteract the consequences of COVID-19 infections is due to its wide-ranging effects as a powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulant, as well as to a possible antiviral action. In view of the recently reported evidence on the occurrence of neurological sequels in COVID-19-infected patients, another putative application of melatonin emerges based on its neuroprotective properties. In this manuscript a brief discussion of melatonin activity in animal models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and the allometric calculations of the possible human equivalent doses are made. Based on the safety of melatonin, and in order to maximize its therapeutic opportunity, doses of 100 - 300 mg p.o. or i.v. are proposed.
PENGEMBANGAN PUBLIC SPEAKING BAGI PENGURUS OSIS DI SMPN 30 SEMARANG
Authors: Purnamasari Devi , Pratiwi Mutia , Rosalia Naiza 
Published: June 2020

Pengabdian Masyarakat tentang Pengembangan Kemampuan Pengurus OSIS dalam bidang Public Speaking di SMPN 30 Semarang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keberanian siswa dalam menyampaikan gagasan dan soft skill berkaitan dengan penempatan diri dalam situasi tertentu. Pada pengabdian ini dipilih pengurus OSIS Sekolah dan beberapa perwakilan kelas karena berdasarkan observasi di lapangan, beberapa siswa seringkali merasa kurang percaya diri dalam menyampaikan gagasan mereka, masih merasa gugup ketika harus maju di hadapan orang baru saat harus menyelenggarakan event dan belum memahami mengenai teknik-teknik dasar dalam public speaking. Sedangkan kemampuan public speaking merupakan salah satu keterampilan yang harus dimiliki pada siswa terutama ketika mereka menjabat sebagai pengurus OSIS di sekolah. Kemampuan public speaking selain melatih seni berbicara di depan umum, juga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa untuk berani tampil didepan umum sehingga meningkatkan daya saing mereka diantara teman-teman sebayanya. Keterampilan public speaking diperhitungkan ketika siswa berada dalam suatu organisasi, mereka dapat menyampaikan gagasan/ide di depan umum dengan baik.
IbM PENERAPAN MICROSOFT OFFICE EXCEL UNTUK MENUNJANG PROFESIONALISME GURU DALAM PENGELOLAAN NILAI SISWA DI SD SYAHIDIN SEMARANG
Authors: Ningrum Novita Kurnia , Parti astuti Yani 
Published: June 2020

Evaluasi merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar di sekolah khususnya sekolah dasar. Hasil evaluasi dijadikan sebagai tolok ukur tercapainya tujuan dari pembelajaran yang sudah berlangsung. Salah satu bentuk evaluasi adalah pemberian scorring atau penilaian pada siswa selama pembelajaran berlangsung. Penilaian yang sudah ada perlu diolah sesuai dengan kebutuhan data nilai dari guru yang bersangkutan. Selama ini guru di SD Syhidin mengolah data nilai siswa dengan menghitung manual. Beberapa kendala yang dialami oleh guru adalah belum mampu mengolah nilai secara komputerisasi sdangkan mengolah data nilai secara manual membutuhkan waktu lama dan hasilnya belum tentu akurat. Hal tersebut tidak sesuai dengan kondisi saat ini, karena guru diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi nilai dengan cepat. Oleh karena itu guru membutuhkan ketrampilan dalam hal pengolahan data secara otomatis dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang ada. Microsoft Office Excel dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk mengelola data nilai siswa, baik menghitung secara aritmatika, memilah data dan diagram. Memalaui kegiatan IPTEK bagi masyarakat ini, diberikan materi berupa teori text dan praktikum. Para guru SD Syahidin mempraktikkan langsung menggunakan Microsoft Office Excel. Adapun materi praktikum meliputi menghitung aritmatika, memilah data, menyajikan nilai dalam tabel dan diagram. Dengan adanya kegiatan IPTEK bagi masyarakat ini, diharapkan guru di SD Syahidin mampu mengolah data nilai secara terkomputerisasi dan menghasilkan informasi nilai yang lebih akurat
Pembelajaran Matematika dan Bahasa Inggris dengan Metode Total Physical Response (TPR) di TK Al Firdaus Kandri Gunungpati Semarang
Authors: Astuti Yani Parti , Subhiyakto Egia Rosi , Umaroh Liya 
Published: June 2020

Dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan di Indonesia, matematika dan bahasa inggris merupakan ilmu dasar yang harus dipelajari oleh setiap anak pelajar di Indonesia. Sehingga materi matematika dan bahasa inggris sudah dikenalkan sejak pendidikan anak usia dini. Namun di pendidikan anak usia dini hanya diajarkan berhitung untuk matematika dan pengenalan benda pada bidang bahasa inggris. Hal ini terjadi pada TK Al Firdaus Kandri Gunungpati Semarang. Di TK Al Firdaus ini anak – anak sudah diajarkan mengeja huruf, berhitung dan juga bahasa inggris..Dalam pengabdian ini dikenalkan metode pembelajaran yang dinamakan Total Phycical Response (TPR). Metode ini merupakan metode pembelajaran di mana anak diajarkan materi dengan menggunakan gerakan. Hal ini paling cocok untuk materi bahasa inggris yang untuk mengenalkan benda dan juga melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Dalam materi matematika akan diselipkan juga materi berhitung dalam bahasa inggris dengan jari. Melalui pembelajaran ini, maka anak – anak di TK Al Firdaus semakin mencintai pelajaran berhitung dan bahasa inggris pada khususnya. Karena mengingat tempat TK Al Firdaus berada di desa wisata kandri. Sangat mendukung apabila generasi – generasinya pandai berbahasa inggris dan juga berhitung. Selain itu materi ini bisa untuk bekal memasuki jenjang berikutnya yaitu Sekolah Dasar (SD).