bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-Administered Skills-Based Virtual Reality Intervention for Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Darnall Beth D , Krishnamurthy Parthasarathy , Tsuei Jeannette , Minor Jorge D 
Published: May 2020

Background
Patients with chronic pain often have limited access to comprehensive care that includes behavioral pain management strategies. Virtual reality (VR) is an immersive technology and emerging digital behavioral pain therapy with analgesic efficacy for acute pain. We found no scientific literature on skills-based VR behavioral programs for chronic pain populations.

Objective
The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a self-administered VR program that included content and skills informed by evidence-based behavioral treatment for chronic pain. The secondary aim is to determine the preliminary efficacy of the VR program in terms of average pain intensity and pain-related interference with activity, stress, mood, and sleep, and its impact on pain-related cognition and self-efficacy. The tertiary aim was to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and compare the VR treatment with an audio-only treatment. This comparison isolated the immersive effects of the VR program, thereby informing potential mechanisms of effect.

Methods
We conducted an RCT involving a web-based convenience sample of adults (N=97) aged 18-75 years with self-reported chronic nonmalignant low back pain or fibromyalgia, with an average pain intensity >4 over the past month and chronic pain duration >6 months. Enrolled participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 unblinded treatments: (1) VR: a 21-day, skills-based VR program for chronic pain; and (2) audio: an audio-only version of the 21-day VR program. The analytic data set included participants who completed at least 1 of 8 surveys administered during the intervention period: VR (n=39) and audio (n=35).

Results
The VR and audio groups launched a total of 1067 and 1048 sessions, respectively. The majority of VR participants (n=19/25, 76%) reported no nausea or motion sickness. High satisfaction ratings were reported for VR (n=24/29, 83%) and audio (n=26/33, 72%). For VR efficacy, symptom improvement over time was found for each pain variable (all P<.001), with results strengthening after 2 weeks. Importantly, significant time×group effects were found in favor of the VR group for average pain intensity (P=.04), pain-related inference with activity (P=.005), sleep (P<.001), mood (P<.001), and stress (P=.003). For pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy, we found a significant declining trend for both treatment groups.

Conclusions
High engagement and satisfaction combined with low levels of adverse effects support the feasibility and acceptability of at-home skills-based VR for chronic pain. A significant reduction in pain outcomes over the course of the 21-day treatment both within the VR group and compared with an audio-only version suggests that VR has the potential to provide enhanced treatment and greater improvement across a range of pain outcomes. These findings provide a foundation for future research on VR behavioral interventions for chronic pain.
Effectiveness of the InCharge Prevention Program to Promote Healthier Lifestyles: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mesman Mathijs , Onrust Simone , Verkerk Renée , Hendriks Hanneke , Van den Putte Bas 
Published: May 2020

Background
InCharge is a newly developed school-based health intervention aimed at older adolescents. It aims to promote a healthier lifestyle by increasing self-regulation skills. After the InCharge program’s effectiveness was previously investigated in a pilot study, the content of the program was adapted.

Objective
This study describes the protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial that aims to investigate the effectiveness of the InCharge program.

Methods
A cluster randomized controlled trial including 70 classes with older adolescents (aged 16 years or older) in the Netherlands will be conducted to test the effectiveness of the InCharge program. After schools are recruited, randomization occurs at the class level. The trial consists of the following two conditions: an experimental condition and a control condition. Participants in the experimental condition will be given the InCharge intervention, consisting of four lessons of 50 minutes, with each lesson containing three assignments of approximately 15 minutes. While participants in the experimental condition will receive InCharge, participants in the control condition will receive regular academic school courses. Surveys are administered 1 week before the intervention (baseline), 1 week after the intervention (posttest), and 12 weeks after the intervention (follow-up). Variables of interest include, but are not limited to, self-regulation; predictors of snack intake, physical activity, and alcohol use; and interpersonal communication regarding these health behaviors. In addition to surveys, observations will be conducted during the first and fourth lessons, teachers will be interviewed, and focus groups will be held with a selection of students from the intervention condition.

Results
Enrollment started in September 2017. As of June 2019, a total of 1216 participants were enrolled for this trial. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. The trial has been approved by the Ethics Review Board of the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences of the University of Amsterdam (reference no.: 2017-PC-8244).

Conclusions
In this study protocol, the design of a cluster randomized controlled trial is described, which assesses how effectively the school-based intervention InCharge stimulates healthier lifestyles in late adolescents. We hypothesize that participants in the experimental condition will consume less alcohol, eat fewer unhealthy snacks, and be more physically active compared with participants in the control condition.

Trial Registration
Netherlands Trial Register (NL6654); https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6654

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/17702
GRAPHENE CONJUGATED USNIC ACID NANO-FORMULATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF TOPICAL FUNGAL INFECTION
Authors: DUBEY NIMESH KUMAR , MISHRA SHANTI BHUSHAN , MUKERJEE ALOK , SINGH AKANKSHA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The study aims to investigate the antifungal response of the dug usnic acid with the carrier graphene.
Methods: Nano-precipitation method by sonication was adopted to formulate the conjugate. SEM test was performed to check the shape and average size of the conjugate. FTIR test was performed for the chemical interaction between the drug and the carrier. Ointment was prepared by the fusion method and the viscosity test was performed by Brookfield viscometer. Spreadability test was performed by slide method. Animal activity was performed to confirm the antifungal effect of the formulated nano-conjugate. Statistical analysis was done by Anova.
Results: SEM study shows that the conjugate is in the nano range and possess a spherical shape. FTIR study shows no interaction between the drug and the carrier. The result of in vitro drug release study shows that the conjugate posses a higher drug release rate as compared to the drug alone. Topical drug administration is more suitable for the treatment of the fungal infection, so the nano-conjugate was incorporated into the ointment by geometric mixing. The viscosity and the spreadability test were performed on the different formulations of the ointment and the suitable one was selected for the topical administration. Anti-fungal study had been performed on the Wistar albino rats for 6 d. Skin culture of rats was performed for the formation of the fungal colonies. Statistical analysis by Anova gives p<0.001. It was found that the normal form of usnic acid, graphene and the nano form both possess anti-fungal activity as 3/6 and 2/6 experimental animals are cured by normal formulation and nano-formulation.
Conclusion: The present anti-fungal study revealed that the nano-form of the conjugate possess higher anti-fungal activity than the normal formulation of usnic acid with graphene.
ANALYSIS OF LYNESTRENOL IN HUMAN PLASMA IN VITRO BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY UV-VIS: EUROPEAN MEDICINES AGENCY GUIDELINE
Authors: NURFITRIYANA NURFITRIYANA , HARMITA HARMITA , ISKANDARSYAH ISKANDARSYAH 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Development and validation of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with UV-Vis detector for in vitro determination of lynestrenol with levonorgestrel as an internal standard in human plasma.
Methods: The RP-HPLC method was developed using a C18 Sunfire© waters column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid in water (60:40), respectively, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and was detected at a wavelength of 204 nm. Lynestrenol and levonorgestrel were extracted from human plasma using pentane with protein precipitation method.
Results: The RP-HPLC method was able to selectively quantify lynestrenol in blood plasma on 40 ng/ml. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range 40-1000 ng/ml for lynestrenol with retention time 4.0 second, and the coefficient correlation (r) was 0.9994. Accuracy (% diff) of this method was-10.81% to 8.72% with precision (CV) being 3.84% to 8.12%, and complete recovery was established to be 98.27% to 106.49%. The method was sensitive, selective, and has simple sample preparation extraction lynestrenol in plasma with pentane was successfully developed.
Conclusion: The method can be used to analyze lynestrenol in blood plasma, with a simple pretreatment procedure using pentane.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-ANXIETY EFFECT OF NIFEDIPINE COMPARED TO DIAZEPAM IN SWISS ALBINO MICE USING BEHAVIOURAL MODELS
Authors: SHANKPAL PRAMOD , SURVE SHWETA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the acute and chronic anxiolytic effects of nifedipine in comparison to diazepam using in Swiss Albino mice using two behavioral models.
Methods: 30 Swiss albino mice were divided into 5 groups with 6 mice in each group. The study was conducted in two phases to evaluate acute and chronic effects. The groups consisted of diazepam (1 mg/kg), 3 doses of nifedipine (2.6 mg/kg, 5.2 mg/kg and 10.4 mg/kg) and vehicle control. The Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) and Light and Dark box were used to evaluate the anti-anxiety effects. The number of entries and time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and in the light area of light and dark box model were noted and compared among the 5 groups. Observations were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test.
Results: Nifedipine (5.2 mg/kg and 10.4 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of entries and time spent in the open arm compared to vehicle control in the EPM test (p<0.001). Similarly, in the light and dark box test, nifedipine (5.2 mg/kg and 10.4 mg/kg) increased the number of entries and time spent in the light area compared to vehicle control (p<0.05). However, the low dose of nifedipine (2.6 mg/kg) did not exhibit significant findings.
Conclusion: Two doses of nifedipine (5.2 mg/kg and 10.4 mg/kg) possess anti-anxiety effects both on acute and chronic administration in both elevated plus maze and light and dark box model.
Circulación de teatro y diplomacia cultural en el Río de la Plata
Authors: Algán Raúl Santiago 
Published: May 2020

La cultura, entendida como pilar para el desarrollo de los Estados, además de un motor de crecimiento es una forma de vincularse con otras naciones. En este sentido, el arte materializa la cultura a través de sus lenguajes. De ellos, el escénico es el que mejor populariza la identidad cultural de quienes habitan el Río de la Plata hacia el exterior. El objetivo principal de esta ponencia es analizar la circulación teatral entre la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y Montevideo. El objetivo secundario, mensurar esa circulación para poder cuantificarla.
Se propone abordar la problemática circunscribiendo el análisis a 2010-2017 puesto que es el período en que se produjo la profundización ideológica en ambos países de gobiernos de centroizquierda y parte del cambio de gobiernos. De este modo, se podrá observar, a través de la obtención de indicadores y el análisis de contenido de algunos tratados y acuerdos puntuales que se han suscripto entre los Estados así como la circulación teatral en términos cuantitativos.
De esta manera, al comprender la circulación de teatro y la diplomacia cultural como variables, se procura relevar si en la práctica se genera el ámbito propicio para poder concebir una diplomacia cultural conjunta entre ambas ciudades. Asimismo, se espera analizar la incidencia de la denominada diplomacia cultural en la circulación teatral entre ambas ciudades. Profesionalmente, se observan casos de estudio interesantes, como la Movida Teatral de las dos Orillas o el Corredor Latinoamericano de Teatro, como ejemplos de esta acción cultural. No obstante, queda por ver en qué medida las políticas culturales de los gobiernos locales incentivan este tipo de prácticas. Por lo tanto, se busca encontrar el vínculo entre praxis y relaciones interculturales a una pequeña escala (ciudad-ciudad) para analizarlas.
La Escuela de Düsserdolf y el cine de Wim Wenders
Authors: Mayorgas Pilar 
Published: May 2020

El protagonismo de la imagen fotográfica en el cine de Wim Wenders, ya ha sido largamente estudiado, permitiéndonos un análisis aislado de la fotografía en su cine, que responda a la pregunta: qué estilo fotográfico e influencias se pueden hallar en la filmografía de Wenders. A partir de su propia auto-definición como cineasta y fotógrafo, compararemos sus imágenes, revisando las génesis y nexos que comparten, con el movimiento fotográfico de la Escuela de Düsserdolf que se construye en la misma Alemania de Wenders.Los mentores de esta Nueva Fotografía, son el matrimonio Becher: Bern y Hilla Becher iniciado en 1959, en Düsserdolf, y que junto a sus discípulos: Andreas Gursky, Candida Höfer, Thomas Struth o Thomas Ruff, colocarán a la fotografía en la primera línea del arte actual. Este hecho a un autor multidisciplinar como Wenders, no le pasará inadvertido, sino todo lo contrario; absorberá el nuevo discurso que propone esta Escuela, para exponerlo en sus tomas, revelando así en su cine una exégesis de esta nueva propuesta fotográfica en dialogo con el lenguaje cinematográfico. Todos ellos contribuirán a consolidar la imagen como arte, erigiendo al paisaje como protagonista principal.Palabras clave: Escuela de Fotografía de Düsserdolf, Wim Wenders, Bern y Hilla Becher, Andreas Gursky, Candida Höffer, Thomas Struth, Nueva Objetividad alemana. Keywords: Photographic School of Dusserdolf, Wim Wenders, Bern and Hilla Becher, Andreas Gursky, Candida Höfer, Thomas Struht, German New Objectivity.
Moving Stills: Portraiture and Superficial Ties in Two Visconti Films
Authors: Ospina Léon Juan Sebastián 
Published: May 2020

Este ensayo se centra en dos películas dirigidas por Luchino Visconti, La terra trema (1948) y Rocco e i suoi fratelli (1960) estudiadas bajo la lente de discursos sobre la Cuestión Meridional (la subyugación del sur por el norte propia del proceso de consolidación nacional italiana). Analizo dos cuestiones concomitantes: la configuración de lazos de parentesco y cuerpos sociales meridionales mediante retratos fotográficos; y la relación de éstos últimos con imágenes en movimiento y narrativa fílmica. Consecuentemente en mi análisis estilístico pongo en duda afirmaciones de realismo documental en ambas películas consideradas paradigmas del cine neorrealista, resaltando en ellas el uso sistemático de convenciones melodramáticas. Subrayo el carácter sinestésico del melodrama, que toca al espectador mientras éste mira la pantalla. Visconti sistemáticamente presenta relaciones sinestésicas y emocionales entre tomas, fotos e imágenes para transmitir su propia solución a la Cuestión Meridional. Palabras clave: Neorrealismo; Melodrama; Luchino Visconti; La cuestión meridional; Estudios italianos Abstract This essay focuses on two films directed by Luchino Visconti, La terra trema (1948) and Rocco e i suoi fratelli (1960) under the light of Southern Question discourses–the subjugation of the South to the North inscribed in the process leading to Italian national affirmation. I address two related issues: the fabrication of southern kinship and social bodies via portraiture, and the latter’s relationship to moving images and filmic narrative. Consequently, analyzing film style I question claims of documentary realism in these films, paradigms of neorealist filmmaking, by foregrounding their systematic use of melodramatic conventions. I stress the synesthetic side to melodrama. Spectators look at the screen while in their turn are touched by its moving images. Visconti systematically presents once and again this synesthetic emotional relationship between shots, photographs, and pictures to forward his solution to the Southern Question. Key words: Neorealism; Melodrama; Luchino Visconti; Southern Question; Italian Studies
El reto tecnológico en la gestión de los procesos productivos cinematográficos; el director de postproducción como eje para la implementación de efectos visuales en España (finales de los 90 - mayo del 2012)
Authors: García Crespo Oswaldo , Ramahí García Diana 
Published: May 2020

Este trabajo sobre la industria cinematográfica española se enmarca dentro de los estudios dedicados a analizar las consecuencias de la digitalización sobre la configuración de los procesos productivos y las competencias de los profesionales implicados. La postproducción cinematográfica en España es ya digital en la mayoría de los casos, culminando un proceso que se inicia a finales de los 90. Este hecho ha facilitado la digitalización de todos los flujos de trabajo y un proceso de traslación de parte de la creación de la imagen cinematográfica del rodaje a la postproducción. En este contexto estudiamos las implicaciones que se derivan de la normalización de los efectos visuales digitales como herramienta de producción para películas de alto y bajo presupuesto. Así, unido a las necesidades de producción de estos efectos, la volatilidad de la tecnología digital demanda una actualización constante en la dirección de producción del film y nos lleva a evaluar la importancia del director de postproducción como eje para la implementación de las nuevas rutinas productivas.Abstract: This paper deals with Spanish cinematographic industry and it belongs to the field of studies focused on the workflows digitalization configuration and the changes in the professional competences involved. Cinematographic postproduction in Spain is now digital in most of the cases, completing a process which begins at the end of the 90´s. This fact has contributed to the digitalization of the whole production process and the translation of cinematographic image creation from the shooting to the postproduction. In this framework we approach the implications caused by the normalization of digital visual effects as production tool for high and low budget movies. Therefore, visual effects production needs together with ongoing evolution of digital technology require continuous updating for producers and lead us to assess the relevance of the director of postproduction as a key factor for the implementation of new workflows. Palabras clave: Digitalización; Postproducción; Efectos visuales; Director de postproducción. Keywords: Digitalization; Post production; Visual effects; Director of post production
Confrontación. Más allá del duelo leoniano
Authors: Rodríguez Villar Miguel A. 
Published: May 2020

Resumen La aplicación de nuevos modelos narrativos en el marco audiovisual compromete las estructuras establecidas con anterioridad. La gramática cinematográfica, como cualquier arte, evoluciona y se transforma superando viejos dogmas o recuperando anteriores propuestas. La presente investigación se centra en la deriva narrativa de los tratamientos audiovisuales en las confrontaciones, focalizando el estudio en las características del duelo leoniano como base de una nueva narrativa o discurso de confrontación que sigue vigente en la actualidad. Abstract The application of new narrative models in the audiovisual framework jeopardizes the previously established structures. Cinematographic grammar, as in any other artistic discipline, evolves and alters itself by overcoming old dogmas or preceding proposals. The current research explores the narrative drift of audiovisual treatments in confrontations by focusing on the study of the features of the leonian duel as a basis for a new narrative of confrontation that is still valid nowadays. Palabras clave: Duelo; Sergio Leone; narrativa; cine; confrontación. Key words: Duel; Sergio Leone, narrative; cinema; confrontation
Sin lugar en el mundo. Narrativa, puesta en escena y discurso en las películas hispanoargentinas de Marcelo Piñeyro
Authors: Rubio Alcover Agustín 
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo aborda las cuatro películas hispanoargentinas dirigidas por Marcelo Piñeyro que se han estrenado hasta la fecha, a saber: Plata quemada (2000), Kamchatka (2002), El método (2005) y Las viudas de los jueves (2009). Y lo hace analizándolas desde la perspectiva concreta de cómo se conjuga la representación de la crisis del mundo contemporáneo en el marco de una poética propia. El artículo atiende a aspectos productivos y de recepción de los films, los compara con las obras literarias que les sirven de base (tres novelas de otros tantos novelistas: Ricardo Piglia, Marcelo Figueras y Claudia Piñeiro; y una obra de teatro, de Jordi Galceran) y se apoya en los testimonios publicados del propio director y de varios de sus colaboradores más cercanos, para ilustrar la manera en que las referencias a los conflictos de cada coyuntura (el corralito, las secuelas del 11-S, el último estallido de la economía mundial…) funcionan de manera distinta, directa o metafórica, cuando se dirigen a un público (el español) o al otro (el argentino). El estudio trata con especial detenimiento las concomitancias entre ciertas situaciones (de encierro) y en la construcción del espacio.Palabras clave: Cine argentino; coproducción; autoría; narrativa; puesta en escena; adaptación; crisis; espacio fílmico Keywords: Argentinian Cinema; Coproduction; Authorship; Narrative; Staging; Adaptation; Crisis; Cinematic Space