bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explicit dynamics in impact simulation using a NURBS contact interface
Authors: Otto Peter , De Lorenzis Laura , Unger Jörg F. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the impact problem and the subsequent wave propagation are considered. For the contact discretization an intermediate non‐uniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) layer is added between the contacting finite element bodies, which allows a smooth contact formulation and efficient element‐based integration. The impact event is ill‐posed and requires a regularization to avoid propagating stress oscillations. A nonlinear mesh‐dependent penalty regularization is used, where the stiffness of the penalty regularization increases upon mesh refinement. Explicit time integration methods are well suited for wave propagation problems, but are efficient only for diagonal mass matrices. Using a spectral element discretization in combination with a NURBS contact layer the bulk part of the mass matrix is diagonal.
The governance of China's foreign aid system: Evolution and path dependence
Authors: Zhao Jianzhi , Jing Yijia 
Published: October 2019

SummaryAs China become a major donor in international development, there is an urgent need to improve its capacity to govern its aid policy and management system. This study provides a comprehensive review of China's aid governance system and its evolution along the time, showing its changes and nonchanges. Path dependence effects are used to explain such evolution and are further illustrated by the consistent central role of the Ministry of Commerce in the aid system and by the central–provincial arrangement of development finance. Further, by exploiting limited yet novel evidence of the newly established State International Development Cooperation Agency, we argue that path dependence effects make it difficult to achieve the goal to comprehensively restructure the aid governance system by establishing State International Development Cooperation Agency. The study offers a useful perspective to understand the functioning and future evolution of China's aid governance system.
Feticide in second‐ and third‐trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies: Results of a national survey
Authors: Maurice Paul , Letourneau Alexandra , Benachi Alexandra , Jouannic Jean‐Marie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct an audit of the practice of feticide in second‐ and third‐trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies (TOPFA) in prenatal diagnosis (PD) centers in France.ResultsA questionnaire was sent out to the 49 French PD centers and completed by 39/49 centers; 5350 TOPFAs were performed. The gestational age after which feticide was performed was 20 weeks in two centers (5%), 22 weeks in 28 centers (72%), 23 weeks in four centers (10%), and 24 weeks in five centers (13%). Fifteen of 39 centers reported that feticide was not performed in all cases, because of a fetal abnormality associated with a high probability of rapid neonatal death (13 centers), pregnant woman's refusal (11 centers), and technical impossibility of performing feticide (one center). Feticide was done using xylocaine in 38 of the 39 centers and using KCl in the remaining center. All but one of the centers before feticide used fetal anesthesia. Feticide was done on the day of induction of labor in 35/39 centers (90%), after maternal epidural analgesia in 33 centers, or after maternal subcutaneous local anesthesia in two centers. Feticide was done the day before induction of labor in two centers.ConclusionIn France, most TOPFAs performed in second and third trimesters are associated with feticide, which is most often done after fetal anesthesia.
A new method for evaluating short fetal corpus callosum
Authors: Tepper Ronnie , Leibovitz Zvi , Garel Catherine , Sukenik‐Halevy Rivka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveSonographic diagnosis of short corpus callosum (SCC) is based on measurement of a short for gestational age antero‐posterior length of the corpus callosum (CC) in the midsagittal plane. We suggest a new method for evaluating SCC without referring to biometry tables.MethodsWe measured the ratio between the CC length and the internal cranial occipitofrontal dimension (ICOFD) in the midsagittal plane in 399 normal fetuses at 20 + 6 to 35 + 3 weeks of gestation and in 31 fetuses with a diagnosis of a SCC and compared the mean ratio between two groups. The impact of cephalic biometric parameters, fetal presentation, and gender was assessed.ResultsThe ICOFD/CC length for normal pregnancies was constant throughout the pregnancy (2.35 ± 0.11). There was no correlation between the ICOFD/CC length and cephalic index, Biparietal Diameter (BPD), head circumference, fetal sex, or fetal presentation. The ratio of pregnancies with SCC was significantly higher: 3.20 ± 0.84 (P < .0001).ConclusionThe ICOFD/CC length practically does not change throughout a normal pregnancy. The ratio was significantly higher in pregnancies with SCC. Measuring this ratio during fetal anatomical scan may enable rapid evaluation of the CC without the need to refer to biometry tables.
Tibial Acceleration Measured from Wearable Sensors Is Associated with Loading Rates in Injured Runners
Authors: Tenforde Adam S. , Hayano Todd , Jamison Steve T. , Outerleys Jereme , Davis Irene S. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe loadrate of the vertical ground reaction force at impact has been associated with a variety of running injuries. Peak tibial shocks occur during the early stance phase and has been shown to be correlated to the loadrates in healthy runners using a rearfoot strike pattern. As a result, tibial accelerometry has been used as a surrogate for loadrates. However, these correlations have not been assessed in injured runners nor in runners with differing footstrike patterns.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between tibial acceleration and loadrates in injured runners who are habitual rearfoot (RFS), midfoot (MFS), and forefoot (FFS) strikers. Tibial acceleration was expected to be positively associated with loadrates across all footstrike patterns.DesignCross‐sectional cohort.SettingAcademic medical center with biomechanics laboratory.ParticipantsOne hundred sixty‐nine injured runners (age 38.7 ± 13.1 years, 127 RFS, 17 MFS, 25 FFS).MethodsEach participant completed a biomechanical assessment for injury including evaluation on a force treadmill with a triaxial accelerometer fastened by a Velcro strap to the distal medial tibia. Peak vertical and resultant tibial acceleration (VTA, RTA) were measured from the accelerometer. Vertical average and instantaneous loadrates (VALR, VILR) and the resultant instantaneous loadrate (RILR) were determined from the force data.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe relationship between tibial acceleration and loadrates measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r).ResultsLoadrates were each associated with VTA (r = 0.66‐0.82, P < .001) and RTA (r = 0.41‐0.68, P < .05) across all footstrike groups with the exception of association of VILR to RTA in the FFS group. The strength in correlations was lowest between RTA and loadrates for the FFS runners (r = 0.41‐0.47, P < .05).ConclusionVertical tibial acceleration is the stronger surrogate for loadrates in injured runners across differing footstrike patterns.
Use of vein‐viewing device to assist intravenous cannulation decreases the time and number of attempts for successful cannulation in pediatric patients
Authors: Saju Alka Sara , Prasad Lilly , Reghuraman Menaka , Karl Sampath Immanuel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEvery child who contacts a healthcare setting has a potential for intravenous cannulation (IV) procedure and related pain, fear, and distress. Many of the healthcare professionals recognize that there is a lack of intervention to prevent multiple cannulation attempts and to reduce pain and distress inflicted to children during IV cannulation. A quasi‐experimental study was undertaken in pediatric patients to study the effect of a vein‐viewing device (VTorch) on IV cannulation procedure. The number of cannulation attempts and time taken for successful cannulation were assessed with the use of this device (experimental group, n = 159) and compared it with the standard procedure (control group, n = 159). The effect of this device in cannulation associated pain, fear, and behavioral distress were also evaluated among these children. Using Vein‐viewing device as an aid for IV cannulation significantly reduced the time taken for cannulation (P = .003) and the number of cannulation attempts (P = .03). In addition, there was a significant increase in the first‐attempt cannulation success rate with the use of this device (P = .04). The use of vein‐viewing device did not have any direct effect on cannulation associated pain, fear, or behavioral distress among the study participants. The results of this study may aid in improving the quality of intravenous access procedure in pediatric patients.
Green chemical process for the synthesis of conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) by nonthermal plasma‐activated hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Chen Tungpo , Gu Yesong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT is a promising conductive polymer, which generally uses anionic polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as the template to become water soluble. Besides the chemical and enzymatic approaches, we are presenting a novel method by employing nonthermal plasma‐activated hydrogen peroxide (PAH) to promote the synthesis of water‐soluble PEDOT(PSS), which is a more environment‐friendly technology. The reaction did not utilize any other chemical solvents, except for a monomer, template as well as hydrogen peroxide, and was initiated in a neutral aqueous solution. We have found that a heating procedure under 60°C was necessary for the effective synthesis of PEDOT(PSS). The final product was further characterized by UV–Vis spectrum, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements.
Discovery of IgG4 Anti‐Gliadin Autoantibody as a Potential Biomarker of Psoriasis Using an Autoantigen Array
Authors: Qiu Jingyi , Yuan Yulin , Li Yaxi , Haley Christopher , Mui Uyen Ngoc , Swali Ritu , Mohan Chandra , Tyring Stephen K. , Wu Tianfu 
Published: October 2019

PurposePsoriasis is a complex immunological skin disease. However, whether humoral autoimmunity is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unclear. The aim is to determine if there are autoantibodies associated with disease activity of psoriasis.Experimental DesignA novel autoantigen array harboring 75 antigens is developed to discover autoantibodies in the serum of psoriasis patients (N = 12) compared to healthy controls (N = 12). Validation studies are performed in a larger cohort of psoriasis patients (N = 73) and healthy controls (N = 75) together with atopic dermatitis as disease controls (N = 10).ResultsThe screening results demonstrate that immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) anti‐gliadin autoantibodies are significantly elevated in the serum of psoriasis patients, compared to healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicates that IgG4 anti‐gliadin autoantibody levels can clearly discriminate psoriasis patients from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.98 (p < 0.001). Also, IgG4 anti‐gliadin autoantibody can reflect disease severity with the psoriasis area severity index score in a subpopulation of psoriasis patients.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese results suggest that IgG4 anti‐gliadin autoantibody may be a disease marker of psoriasis, and it may be useful in clinical diagnostics and disease monitoring of psoriasis.Clinical RelevanceThis work represents a relatively comprehensive screening of autoantibodies, that is, IgG4 autoantibodies in psoriasis using an in‐house autoantigen array. This novel proteomic platform may be useful in clinical screening of IgG type or IgG4 subtype autoantibodies in psoriasis patients for disease monitoring or drug responses. Particularly, IgG4 anti‐gliadin autoantibody, as a new potential disease marker of psoriasis, may be useful in clinical diagnostics or prognostics of related immunological disorders.
A sensitive and cost‐effective high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (multiple reaction monitoring) method for the clinical measurement of serum hepcidin
Authors: Chen Michael , Liu Jun , Wright Bruce 
Published: October 2019

RationaleHepcidin is a peptide hormone that plays a central role in regulating iron metabolism. It is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of iron metabolism disorders. Serum hepcidin level can differ by 3 orders of magnitude depending on the patient's condition. Existing liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) assays lack clinical sensitivity or require costly sample preparation steps. A simple, sensitive, robust and cost‐effective assay for serum hepcidin quantitation in routine clinical laboratories is needed.MethodsA high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) method was developed to quantify hepcidin in human serum using chemically synthesized hepcidin as a standard and stable‐isotope‐labeled hepcidin as the internal standard. The method was validated according to CLSI‐C62A guidelines. Calibrators were prepared with hepcidin‐free serum. Clinical samples were separately processed and compared using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and acetonitrile (ACN) protein precipitation.ResultsThe calibration curve was validated over the range of 0.1–100 nmol/L with R2 >0.99. Both the SPE and the ACN precipitation methods had excellent and comparable reproducibility. The intra‐day and inter‐day coefficients of variation (CVs) were <3% and <6%. There was 89% and 88% hepcidin recovery by SPE and ACN preparation. Measurement of secondary reference material using non‐traceable calibrators yielded up to 30% positive bias, comparable with values obtained by an external comparator. Hepcidin was stable in serum at ambient temperature and at 4°C. The relative errors (REs) were ≤1.2% and ≤4.4%, respectively. The freeze–thaw (−70°C) stability after 3 cycles showed a relative error (RE) of ≤1.8%. The impact on hepcidin recovery due to hemolysis (4+), lipemia (4+) and Icterus (4+) was <3%.ConclusionsWe have developed and validated a simple, sensitive, robust and cost‐effective HPLC/MS/MS method for the quantitation of serum hepcidin. The method uses ACN protein precipitation for sample preparation and reversed‐phase normal‐flow HPLC. Sample preparation is inexpensive; it can be automated with a liquid handling system to allow high‐throughput application.
Assembly of Highly Functionalized Chromenopyranpyrazoles via Multicomponent Quadruple Domino Reaction (MCQDR)
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Devaraj Anthonisamy , Mushaf Mohammad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn effective multicomponent quadruple domino reaction (MCQDR) has been devised for the construction of an elegant class of chromenopyranpyrazole frameworks in a high stereoselective fashion. All the tetracyclic chromenopyranpyrazoles were achieved under catalyst, solvent, work‐up and column chromatography free condition, which demonstrates the applicability of this protocol towards green chemistry.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of O‐(2,6‐Bis(4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yloxy) benzoyl)oxime 3‐Trifluoromethylacetophenone
Authors: Wang Bin , Xu Xiangjian , Gong Shunze , Wang Qin , Hu Hang , Xu Defeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractO‐(2,6‐bis(4,6‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐2‐yloxy)benzoyl)oxime 3‐trifluoromethylacetophenone (HB‐002) was synthesized as potential acetolactate synthetase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicides. HB‐002 was characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS), and X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. The herbicidal activities of HB‐002 against four weeds were studied in greenhouse. The results show that the control effects of HB‐002 on Eclipta prostrata L. and Cyperus difformis are very weak. However, HB‐002 exhibits higher herbicidal activity against Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees than that of Pyribenzoxim. HB‐002 also shows certain control effect on Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Flritsch. Molecular docking simulation was performed to study the binding affinity and probable binding modes of HB‐002 with ALS. In the binding mode, the trifluoromethyl group of HB‐002 forms two halogen bonds (fluorine) with ALS, contributing to the lower binding free energy of HB‐002 (‐45.336 kcal/mol) as compared to Pyribenzoxim (‐40.1286 kcal/mol) and m‐trifluoromethyl Pyribenzoxim (‐44.451 kcal/mol). The present work suggests that HB‐002 may serve as a new candidate for potential herbicides.
Superior Hydrogen Absorption–Desorption Cycle Durability of Ball‐Milled 82MgH2‐3PrH2‐15Al Composite
Authors: Zhou Jia , Lei Jingjing , Zhang Qingan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn order to improve hydrogen absorption‐desorption cycle durability, an 82MgH2–3PrH2–15Al (in molar ratio) composite is ball‐milled under a 4 MPa hydrogen atmosphere. The ball‐milled composite exhibits enhanced cycle stability as compared to ball‐milled MgH2 sample. The powder X‐ray diffraction patterns and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal that Pr3Al11 phase is in situ formed in the initial dehydrogenation process of ball‐milled 82MgH2‐3PrH2‐15Al composite, which keeps unchanged during subsequent hydrogen absorption‐desorption cycling. The Pr3Al11 nanoparticles are beneficial to cycle durability in the 82MgH2‐3PrH2‐15Al composite due to their inhibition of crystallite growth and impediment to surface oxidation for Mg.
A Novel Rose‐Like CuS/Bi2WO6 Composite for Rhodamine B Degradation
Authors: Zhu Jie , Zhou Yi , Wu Wan , Deng Yuehong , Xiang Ye 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel rose‐like CuS/Bi2WO6 composite was successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method for the first time. CuS/Bi2WO6 with different molar ratios was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, EIS and M−S. The morphology of samples has changed from sheet structure to ordered rose‐like shapes after the addition of CuS. The morphology difference indicated that the content of CuS has a certain effect on morphology. Experimental results show that the addition of CuS effectively improves the photocatalytic effect of Bi2WO6 due to the change of morphology. BWO‐3(the molar ratio of CuS and Bi2WO6 is 1:5) has the best photocatalytic performance, the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B reaches 96.2% after 15 minutes.
Generation of the Icetexane Core by Use of a Heck Strategy: Total Synthesis of Taxamairin B
Authors: Le Thuy Quynh , Karmakar Swastik , Lee Seonmi , Chai Uiseong , Le Minh Hoang , Oh Chang Ho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn efficient approach towards the total synthesis of Taxamairin B has been accomplished within 6 steps starting from o‐bromobenzylbromide 7 with 45% overall yield. Intramolecular Heck reaction works efficiently to furnish the 6–7‐6 fused icetexane scaffold under hydrative condition, which on restructuring affords the key β,γ‐enedione intermediate. The β,γ‐double bond has been introduced by the acid catalyzed water assisted elimination of a β‐tertiary alcohol. Later, the β,γ‐enedione on introduction of requisite unsaturation transforms into Taxamairin B.
An Acridone‐Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Cationic and Anionic Species, and Its Application for Molecular Logic Operations
Authors: Pál Dávid , Baranyai Péter , Leveles Ibolya , Vértessy Beáta G. , Huszthy Péter , Móczár Ildikó 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe metal ion and anion recognition abilities of the newly synthesized acridone derivative having amide and ester groups were studied by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The sensor molecule revealed selective recognition toward Ca(II), Hg(II), and fluoride in acetonitrile. Based on X‐ray crystallographic and 1H NMR analyses, intramolecular bifurcated H‐bond is formed between the acridone NH and the amide oxygens in the free receptor. Addition of Ca(II) and Hg(II) induced large fluorescence enhancements and changes in the 1H NMR shifts due to complexation, while fluoride deprotonated the sensor molecule giving rise to a new emission band. Selective sensing of Hg(II) based on absorption changes was also observed, presumably due to the tautomerization of the acridone unit upon complexation. The optical spectroscopic behavior in the presence or absence of Ca(II) and fluoride as chemical inputs provided an opportunity to construct IMP, INH, XOR, and XNOR molecular logic gates as well as a complementary IMP/INH circuit, and integrated logic functions such as a half‐subtractor (XOR/INH combination) and a magnitude comparator (XNOR/INH combination).
Fabrication of MoS2‐Decorated Nickel‐Cobalt Bimetal Phosphide Nanocubes as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Feng Jianhui , Zhou Hu , Chen Danyang , Shao Jinxiao , Diao Guowang , Yuan Aihua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNickel‐cobalt bimetal phosphides were prepared via the phosphidation treatment of NiCo‐based Prussian blue analogue (PBA). Subsequently, the core‐shell structures of NiCoP@MoS2 were successfully assembled through a solvothermal reaction, where the NiCoP substrates were uniformly and randomly covered by MoS2 nanosheets. The resulting hybrids exhibited significantly superior catalytic activities towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 M H2SO4 to bare MoS2. The optimal catalyst afforded the best HER performance with a low overpotential of 138 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 78.1 mV dec−1, together with high stability and durability. The excellent HER properties of hybrids mainly originated from the unique core‐shell architecture and the intrinsic natures of MoS2 and PBA‐derived bimetal phosphides.
Structural Superlubricity Based on Crystalline Materials
Authors: Song Yiming , Qu Cangyu , Ma Ming , Zheng Quanshui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerein, structural superlubricity, a fascinating phenomenon where the friction is ultralow due to the lateral interaction cancellation resulted from incommensurate contact crystalline surfaces, is reviewed. Various kinds of nano‐ and microscale materials such as 2D materials, metals, and compounds are used for the fabrication. For homogeneous frictional pairs, superlow friction forces exist in most relative orientations with incommensurate configuration. Heterojunctions bear no resemblance to homogeneous contact, since the lattice constants are naturally mismatched which leads to a robust structural superlubricity with any orientation of the two different surfaces. A discussion on the perspectives of this field is also provided to meet the existing challenges and chart the future.
Systems science and the art of interdisciplinary integration
Authors: Green Sara , Andersen Hanne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSystems sciences address issues that cross‐cut any single discipline and benefit from the synergy of combining several approaches. But interdisciplinary integration can be challenging to achieve in practice. Scientists with different disciplinary backgrounds often have different views on what count as good data, good evidence, a good model, or a good explanation. Accordingly, several scholars have reported on challenges encountered in interdisciplinary settings. This chapter outlines how some of the challenges play out in systems biology where disciplinary ideals and domainspecific practices sometime collide. We focus on tensions arising due to differences in epistemic standards between modellers with a background in physics or systems engineering, on one hand, and experimenters with a background in molecular biology on the other. We propose that part of the problem of interdisciplinary integration can be understood as the result of unfounded “disciplinary imperialism” on both sides, in which standards from one discipline are uncritically applied to new domains without recognition of other valid or complementary perspectives. Addressing and explicating the disciplinary background for the different views can help facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration in science and improve science education.