bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peace Above the Glass Ceiling: The Historical Relationship between Female Political Empowerment and Civil Conflict
Authors: Dahlum Sirianne , Wig Tore 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We investigate whether female political empowerment is conducive to civil peace, drawing on global data on female political empowerment over a 200-year period, from the Varieties of Democracy database. We augment previous research by expanding the temporal scope, looking at a novel inventory of female political empowerment measures, attending to reverse-causality and omitted variable issues, and separating between relevant causal mechanisms. We find a strong link between female political empowerment and civil peace, which is particularly pronounced in the twentieth century. We find evidence that this relationship is driven both by women’s political participation—particularly the bottom-up political participation of women, e.g., in civil society—and the culture that conduces it. This is the strongest evidence to date that there is a robust link between female political empowerment and civil peace, stemming from both institutional and cultural mechanisms.
Senescence-associated extracellular vesicle release plays a role in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in age-associated diseases
Authors: Tanaka Yoko , Takahashi Akiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cellular senescence is an important tumour suppression mechanism that inhibits the proliferation of damaged cells. In senescent cells, irreparable DNA damage causes accumulation of genomic DNA fragments in the cytoplasm, which are recognized by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon gene pathway, resulting in secretion of numerous inflammatory proteins. This phenomenon is called senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and results in multiple physiological or pathological processes in the body. In addition, DNA damage also increases small extracellular vesicle release from senescent cells. This review presents recent insights into the molecular mechanisms and biological functions of senescence-associated extracellular vesicle release that is associated with age-related diseases, particularly cancer.
Does hip preservation fellowship training flatten the learning curve associated with periacetabular osteotomy?
Authors: Smith Guy W , Lightfoot Nicholas J , Munro Jacob T , Boyle Matthew J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) has been associated with a significant learning curve, with the majority of serious complications reported during the first 20–50 independent procedures. Our aim was to assess whether hip preservation fellowship training flattens the PAO learning curve with respect to complication profiles and 1-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROM). The clinical records of the first 50 PAOs (47 patients, median age 23.5 years) performed by a single surgeon after completion of a 12-month hip preservation fellowship programme were reviewed. The first 25 PAOs were compared with the second 25 PAOs with respect to complication profiles and PROM (modified Harris Hip Score, University of California Los Angeles activity score, pain visual analogue scale) at 12 months post-operatively. There were no significant between-group differences in demographic variables or pre-operative PROM. Twelve months post-operatively, no patients had experienced a major complication (Clavien–Dindo grades III–V). Twenty-three (46%) patients experienced at least one minor complication (grades I–II); 13 (52%) in the first group and 10 (40%) in the second group (no significant difference, P = 0.57). The most common complications were lateral femoral cutaneous nerve neuropraxia [14 patients (28%)] and allogenic blood transfusion [7 patients (14%)]. There were no significant between-group differences with respect to 1-year post-operative PROM or post-operative change in PROM (all P &gt; 0.05). Although it is difficult to definitively conclude that hip preservation fellowship training is solely responsible for the reassuring outcomes in our series, we believe that such training can significantly flatten the learning curve associated with the Bernese PAO.
Spirals, shadows & precession in HD 100453 – II. The hidden companion
Authors: Nealon Rebecca , Cuello Nicolás , Gonzalez Jean-François , van der Plas Gerrit , Pinte Christophe , Alexander Richard , Ménard François , Price Daniel J 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The protoplanetary disc HD 100453 exhibits a curious combination of spirals, shadows, and a relative misalignment between the observed outer disc and inferred inner disc. This disc is accompanied by a secondary star on a bound orbit exterior to the disc. Recent observations have suggested there may be an additional low-mass companion residing within the disc inner cavity. In our companion paper, the orbit of the secondary was shown to be misaligned by 61° to the plane of the outer disc. Here, we investigate the properties of the inner companion and the origin of the misalignment between the inner and outer discs. Using numerical simulations and synthetic observations, we show that the disc structure and kinematics are consistent with a ≲ 5 MJ planet located at 15 − 20 au. We find that the disc evolution over ∼50 binary orbits (∼105 yr) is governed by differential precession and to a lesser extent, the Kozai–Lidov effect. In our proposed model, the misalignment observed between the outer and inner disc arises naturally as a result of the misaligned outer companion driving the outer disc to precess more rapidly than the inner disc.
Exploring galaxy colour in different environments of the cosmic web with SDSS
Authors: Pandey Biswajit , Sarkar Suman 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyse a set of volume-limited samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to study the dependence of galaxy colour on different environments of the cosmic web. We measure the local dimension of galaxies to determine the geometry of their embedding environments and find that filaments host a higher fraction of red galaxies than sheets at each luminosity. We repeat the analysis at a fixed density and recover the same trend, which shows that galaxy colours depend on geometry of environments besides local density. At a fixed luminosity, the fraction of red galaxies in filaments and sheets increases with the extent of these environments. This suggests that the bigger structures have a larger baryon reservoir favouring higher accretion and larger stellar mass. We find that the mean colour of the red and blue populations are systematically higher in the environments with smaller local dimension and increases monotonically in all the environments with luminosity. We observe that the bimodal nature of the galaxy colour distribution persists in all environments and all luminosities, which suggests that the transformation from blue to red galaxy can occur in all environments.
Bayesian inference for compact binary coalescences with bilby: validation and application to the first LIGO–Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalogue
Authors: Romero-Shaw I M , Talbot C , Biscoveanu S , D’Emilio V , Ashton G , Berry C P L , Coughlin S , Galaudage S , Hoy C , Hübner M , Phukon K S , Pitkin M , Rizzo M , Sarin N , Smith R , Stevenson S , Vajpeyi A , Arène M , Athar K , Banagiri S , Bose N , Carney M , Chatziioannou K , Clark J A , Colleoni M , Cotesta R , Edelman B , Estellés H , García-Quirós C , Ghosh Abhirup , Green R , Haster C-J , Husa S , Keitel D , Kim A X , Hernandez-Vivanco F , Magaña Hernandez I , Karathanasis C , Lasky P D , De Lillo N , Lower M E , Macleod D , Mateu-Lucena M , Miller A , Millhouse M , Morisaki S , Oh S H , Ossokine S , Payne E , Powell J , Pratten G , Pürrer M , Ramos-Buades A , Raymond V , Thrane E , Veitch J , Williams D , Williams M J , Xiao L 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Gravitational waves provide a unique tool for observational astronomy. While the first LIGO–Virgo catalogue of gravitational-wave transients (GWTC-1) contains 11 signals from black hole and neutron star binaries, the number of observations is increasing rapidly as detector sensitivity improves. To extract information from the observed signals, it is imperative to have fast, flexible, and scalable inference techniques. In a previous paper, we introduced bilby: a modular and user-friendly Bayesian inference library adapted to address the needs of gravitational-wave inference. In this work, we demonstrate that bilby produces reliable results for simulated gravitational-wave signals from compact binary mergers, and verify that it accurately reproduces results reported for the 11 GWTC-1 signals. Additionally, we provide configuration and output files for all analyses to allow for easy reproduction, modification, and future use. This work establishes that bilby is primed and ready to analyse the rapidly growing population of compact binary coalescence gravitational-wave signals.
Evidence of a strong relationship between hemispheric asymmetry in solar coronal rotation and solar activity during solar cycle 24
Authors: Sharma Jaidev , Malik Anil K , Kumar Brajesh , Vats Hari Om 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we report evidence of a very strong and statistically significant relationship between hemispheric asymmetry in the solar coronal rotation rate and solar activity. Our approach is based on the cross-correlation of the hemispheric asymmetry index (AI) in the rotation rate with annual solar activity indicators. To obtain the hemispheric asymmetry in the solar rotation rate, we use solar full disc (SFD) images at 30.4-, 19.5- and 28.4-nm wavelengths for the 24th solar cycle, that is, for the period from 2008 to 2018, as recorded by the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) space mission. Our analysis shows that the hemispheric asymmetry in rotation rate is high during the solar maxima from 2011 to 2014. However, hemispheric asymmetry decreases gradually on both sides (i.e. from 2008 to 2011 and from 2014 to 2018). The results show that the AI leads sunspot numbers by ∼ 1.56 yr. This is a clear indication that hemispheric asymmetry triggers the formation of sunspots in conjunction with the differential rotation of the Sun.
Optimizing LSST observing strategy for weak lensing systematics
Authors: Almoubayyed Husni , Mandelbaum Rachel , Awan Humna , Gawiser Eric , Jones R Lynne , Meyers Joshua , Tyson J Anthony , Yoachim Peter ,   LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) survey will provide unprecedented statistical power for measurements of dark energy. Consequently, controlling systematic uncertainties is becoming more important than ever. The LSST observing strategy will affect the statistical uncertainty and systematics control for many science cases; here, we focus on weak lensing (WL) systematics. The fact that the LSST observing strategy involves hundreds of visits to the same sky area provides new opportunities for systematics mitigation. We explore these opportunities by testing how different dithering strategies (pointing offsets and rotational angle of the camera in different exposures) affect additive WL shear systematics on a baseline operational simulation, using the ρ-statistics formalism. Some dithering strategies improve systematics control at the end of the survey by a factor of up to ∼3–4 better than others. We find that a random translational dithering strategy, applied with random rotational dithering at every filter change, is the most effective of those strategies tested in this work at averaging down systematics. Adopting this dithering algorithm, we explore the effect of varying the area of the survey footprint, exposure time, number of exposures in a visit, and exposure to the Galactic plane. We find that any change that increases the average number of exposures (in filters relevant to WL) reduces the additive shear systematics. Some ways to achieve this increase may not be favorable for the WL statistical constraining power or for other probes, and we explore the relative trade-offs between these options given constraints on the overall survey parameters.
New X-shaped bulge photometric model as a tool for measuring B/PS bulges and their X-structures in photometric studies
Authors: Smirnov Anton A , Savchenko Sergey S 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent orbital studies of 3D bar structure in various numerical and analytical models show that X-structures that reside in boxy/peanut-shaped (B/PS) bulges are not delineated by some specific type of orbits, but are natural parts of them and formed by the same orbits that constitute such bulges. This implies that to accurately account for B/PS bulges and their X-structures in photometric studies, one needs the photometric model of B/PS bulge that includes an X-structure as its natural part. To find such a model, we considered a self-consistent numerical galaxy model where a typical B/PS bulge arises. Using spectral characteristics of particle-‘stars’, we decomposed the galaxy model on to the bar and non-bar components. We used the extracted 3D bar component to find an appropriate B/PS bulge photometric model, which can account for X-structures residing in such bulges. The resulted B/PS bulge photometric model has a truncated 2D Sersic profile with truncations introduced above (in the upper half-plane) and below (in the bottom half-plane) the rays of X-structures. We applied this model to represent B/PS bulges of various numerical models and some real galaxies. The comparison with previous works revealed that there are systematic shifts between the X-structure parameters of the same galaxies measured within the different approaches. We found that the geometric parameters of X-structures of real and modelled galaxies are consistent with each other if we measure them using our new model.
Human SIRT1 Multispecificity Is Modulated by Active-Site Vicinity Substitutions during Natural Evolution
Authors: Hendler Adi , Akiva Eyal , Sandhu Mahakaran , Goldberg Dana , Arbely Eyal , Jackson Colin J , Aharoni Amir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Many enzymes that catalyze protein post-translational modifications can specifically modify multiple target proteins. However, little is known regarding the molecular basis and evolution of multispecificity in these enzymes. Here, we used a combined bioinformatics and experimental approaches to investigate the evolution of multispecificity in the sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) deacetylase. Guided by bioinformatics analysis of SIRT1 orthologs and substrates, we identified and examined important amino acid substitutions that have occurred during the evolution of sirtuins in Metazoa and Fungi. We found that mutation of human SIRT1 at these positions, based on sirtuin orthologs from Fungi, could alter its substrate specificity. These substitutions lead to reduced activity toward K382 acetylated p53 protein, which is only present in Metazoa, without affecting the high activity toward the conserved histone substrates. Results from ancestral sequence reconstruction are consistent with a model in which ancestral sirtuin proteins exhibited multispecificity, suggesting that the multispecificity of some metazoan sirtuins, such as hSIRT1, could be a relatively ancient trait.
Learning the heterogeneous hypermutation landscape of immunoglobulins from high-throughput repertoire data
Authors: Spisak Natanael , Walczak Aleksandra M , Mora Thierry 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Somatic hypermutations of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes occurring during affinity maturation drive B-cell receptors’ ability to evolve strong binding to their antigenic targets. The landscape of these mutations is highly heterogeneous, with certain regions of the Ig gene being preferentially targeted. However, a rigorous quantification of this bias has been difficult because of phylogenetic correlations between sequences and the interference of selective forces. Here, we present an approach that corrects for these issues, and use it to learn a model of hypermutation preferences from a recently published large IgH repertoire dataset. The obtained model predicts mutation profiles accurately and in a reproducible way, including in the previously uncharacterized Complementarity Determining Region 3, revealing that both the sequence context of the mutation and its absolute position along the gene are important. In addition, we show that hypermutations occurring concomittantly along B-cell lineages tend to co-localize, suggesting a possible mechanism for accelerating affinity maturation.
Applying the Population Health Standard to the Regulation of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Authors: Cahn Zachary , Drope Jeffrey , Douglas Clifford E , Henson Rosemarie , Berg Carla J , Ashley David L , Eriksen Michael P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Regulatory authorities have devoted increasing attention and resources to a range of issues surrounding the regulation of novel nicotine and tobacco products. This review highlights the inherent complexity of evaluating prospective policies that pertain to products that heat solutions containing nicotine, but not tobacco leaf, sometimes referred to as electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is compelled to incorporate a set of public health criteria in their decision making, collectively referred to as the Population Health Standard. Adherence to this standard is necessary to estimate the impact of prospective ENDS policy decisions on net population harm associated with nontherapeutic nicotine products. For policies that are expected to decrease or increase ENDS use, application of the Population Health Standard requires a comprehensive assessment of the status quo impact of ENDS use on population health. Accordingly, this review first assesses the state of the evidence on the direct harms of ENDS and the indirect effects of ENDS use on smoking, particularly rates of initiation and cessation. After that, the example of flavor restrictions is used to demonstrate the further considerations that are involved in applying the Population Health Standard to a prospective ENDS policy.
Implications: This narrative review aims to inform regulatory considerations about ENDS through the prism of the Population Health Standard. More specifically, this review (1) describes and explains the importance of this approach; (2) provides guidance on evaluating the state of the evidence linking ENDS to the net population harm associated with nontherapeutic nicotine products; and (3) illustrates how this framework can inform policymaking using the example of flavor restrictions.
Mission-Oriented Policy for Innovation and the Fuzzy Boundary of Market Creation: the Brazilian Shipbuilding Case
Authors: Alves André C , Vonortas Nicholas S , Zawislak Paulo A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent literature has called attention to the significance of mission-oriented policies (MOPs) in setting the directions of change, market creation, and economic development. The aim of this article is to analyze and discuss the main challenges of setting MOPs in the context of developing countries. We do so by looking at the recent development of the Brazilian shipbuilding sector where an entire institutional setting was put in place to boost technological and industrial development. We investigate the policies set for the sector to create a market, stimulate the industry, and promote innovation. Results show that, while the set of policies emplaced was able to give an initial boost in the sector, coordination uncertainties and high capability-building costs precipitated the failure of the industry to catchup with international competitors. We argue that there is a fuzzy boundary between policy expectations for market creation and the actual possibilities of building an industry.
Experience and outcomes for PAs in a neonatal circumcision clinic
Authors: Colón-Sanchez Kaity , Middleton Tiernan , Ellsworth Pamela 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the outcomes of neonatal circumcision performed by a PA in pediatric urology.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of infants evaluated for neonatal circumcision by a single PA in pediatric urology over 30 months. Technique, age and weight at circumcision, presence or absence of genital anomalies, and complications were gathered.

Results:
Of the 371 male infants evaluated for neonatal circumcision, 276 underwent the procedure. Complications included retained Plastibell (2.1%), penile adhesions (1.1%), swelling (1.8%), and cosmetic concerns (0.73%). Eighteen unanticipated postprocedure visits occurred—four in the ED and 14 in the outpatient clinic. No acute procedural complications occurred. One patient (0.3%) underwent lysis of penile adhesions at age 19 months.

Conclusion:
Neonatal circumcisions are commonly performed by nonsurgeons with variable formal circumcision training. These data support that well-trained PAs can perform neonatal circumcisions with low complication rates.
Analysis of Computed Tomography–Based Technique for Measuring Femoral Anteversion: Implications for Measuring Rotation After Femoral Intramedullary Nail Insertion
Authors: McAlister Ian P. , Marchand Lucas S. , Napora Joshua K. , Riedel Matthew D. , Shannon Steven S. , O'Hara Nathan N. , Langhammer Christopher G. , LeBrun Christopher , Nascone Jason W. , Sciadini Marcus F. , O'Toole Robert V. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:
To assess the reliability of the current computed tomography (CT)-based technique for determining femoral anteversion and quantify the prevalence and magnitude of side-to-side differences.

Design:
Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting:
Academic trauma center.

Patients:
We reviewed CT scans from 120 patients with bilateral full-length axial cuts of both femurs. Two hundred forty femurs with no fractures or other identifying features in their femora were included. Ten unique data sets were created to measure anteversion of the left and right sides.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and pooled absolute differences. The mean absolute difference between the sides was determined using a fixed-effects model.

Results:
Interobserver reliability was high (ICC: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–0.88). The pooled mean absolute magnitude of variation between reviewers was small at 1.6 degrees (95% CI: 1.4–1.8 degrees) per scan. The intraobserver reproducibility was high (ICC: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88–0.93) with a mean error of 2.7 degrees (95% CI: 2.2–3.1 degrees) per repeat viewing of the same scan by the same person. The magnitude of side-to-side variation was 2.0 degrees (95% CI: 1.5–2.6 degrees). Twenty-one subjects (18%, 95% CI: 12%–25%) had a mean side-to-side calculated femoral anteversion difference of ≥10 degrees, whereas 6 (5%, 95% CI: 2–10) subjects had a calculated mean side-to-side difference of ≥15 degrees.

Conclusions:
CT based femoral anteversion measurement techniques demonstrate good precision. Only 1 in 20 patients had side-to-side differences of 15 degrees or more.