bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial follow‐up of corrected QT interval in Rett syndrome
Authors: Clark Bradley C , Kopp Adam , Morey Wenzhu , Djukic Aleksandra 
Published: December 2019

AimTo identify factors associated with baseline prolonged corrected QT (QTc) and higher risk of QTc prolongation during follow‐up in patients with Rett syndrome (RTT).MethodA retrospective review of patients receiving an electrocardiogram (ECG) between June 2012 and June 2018 was performed. Age, methyl‐CpG binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) mutation, RTT Severity Scale (RSSS) score, breathing abnormalities, seizure frequency, medications, and ECG parameters were collected. Prolonged QTc was defined as greater than or equal to 460ms. Comparisons at baseline and during follow‐up were made.ResultsIn total, 129 unique patients (all female) had 349 ECGs. At baseline, 12 (9.3%) had a prolonged QTc (median 474ms, interquartile range 470–486ms) and were more likely to have moderate/severe breathing abnormalities (66.7% vs 24.8%; p=0.005) and take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (41.7% vs 15.4%; p=0.04). There was no difference in age, RSSS score, seizures, or mutation. Twenty‐six developed prolonged QTc during a median follow‐up of 1 year 7 months (interquartile range 0–3y 6mo). QTc prolongation was associated with p.(Thr158Met) mutation versus the remaining six common mutations (hazard ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 1.4–12.0; p=0.01) but not with age, RSSS score, seizures, breathing abnormalities, or SSRIs.InterpretationBreathing abnormalities and SSRIs were associated with baseline QTc prolongation and those with p.(Thr158Met) mutation were more likely to develop prolonged QTc over time. Identification of patients with prolonged QTc warrants increased clinical monitoring.What this paper adds

Breathing abnormalities and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are associated with prolonged baseline corrected QT (QTc).

Development of QTc prolongation is associated with the p.(Thr158Met) mutation.
Efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL versus insulin glargine 100 U/mL in Asia Pacific insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes: The EDITION AP randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ji Linong , Kang Eun Seok , Dong XiaoLin , Li Ling , Yuan GuoYue , Shang Shuhua , Niemoeller Elisabeth ,   EDITION AP trial investigators
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy and safety of Gla‐300 versus Gla‐100 in insulin‐naïve people with type 2 diabetes in Asia Pacific.Materials and MethodsIn this open‐label, randomized, active‐controlled, 26‐week study, insulin‐naïve participants with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with non‐insulin antihyperglycaemic drugs were randomized (2:1) to Gla‐300 or Gla‐100. The initial daily dose of basal insulin was 0.2 U/kg and was adjusted at least weekly for 8–12 weeks to a target fasting self‐monitored plasma glucose (SMPG) of 4.4–5.6 mmol/L.ResultsOf the 604 participants randomized, 570 (Gla‐300, n = 375; Gla‐100, n = 195) completed the study. Non‐inferiority of Gla‐300 versus Gla‐100 in HbA1c reduction from baseline to week 26 was confirmed. In the Gla‐300 and Gla‐100 groups, 51.1% and 52.2% of participants achieved the HbA1c target of <7.0% (rate ratio [95% CI]: 0.98 [0.84 to 1.14]) and 19.1% and 21.9% achieved the target without hypoglycaemia during the last 12 weeks of treatment (rate ratio [95% CI]: 0.87 [0.63 to 1.20]). Changes in fasting plasma glucose and 24‐hour average eight‐point SMPG were comparable between groups. Incidence of hypoglycaemia at any time of day was similar between treatment groups at week 26, but incidence of any nocturnal hypoglycaemia was numerically lower with Gla‐300 than Gla‐100 over the initial 12‐week titration period and 26‐week on‐treatment period. Rates of adverse events were similar between groups and low for serious adverse events.ConclusionsGlycaemic control of Gla‐300 is non‐inferior to Gla‐100 with a similar or lower incidence and proportion of hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes in Asia Pacific, reinforcing the results in the global EDITION programme.
Minimally invasive treatment of an extruded deciduous tooth ‐ Case report
Authors: Faria Laís Veiga , Chaves Hebertt Gonzaga dos Santos , Borges Silva Erlange Andrade , Antunes Leonardo Santos , Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhen a traumatic dental injury affects the deciduous teeth, the main management is to regularly review the patient until the successor permanent tooth erupts to avoid further consequences to the affected tooth and, especially, sequelae in the tooth germs of the successor permanent tooth. This report describes a case of a tooth extrusion in a 4‐year‐old male treated with a minimally invasive approach. After 4 years of follow‐up, there was a mild disturbance (demarcated opacity in the vestibular surface) and a satisfactory result with normal eruption of the permanent successor tooth.
Overuse of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis among hospitalized patients with liver disease
Authors: Davis Jessica P.E. , O’Leary Kelsey E. , Intagliata Nicolas M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients with liver disease are at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, little is understood regarding the safety and efficacy of VTE prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis. We examined the application of a VTE risk assessment model in VTE prophylaxis decision‐making in a closed cohort of hospitalized patients with liver disease.MethodsSequential patients admitted to an inpatient hepatology service at a tertiary care center were evaluated for need for VTE prophylaxis. Risk assessment by IMPROVE was compared with current practice patterns of VTE prophylaxis. Rates of bleeding and clotting events were noted.Results98 patient encounters were included in our analysis. 76% of patients received VTE prophylaxis in practice. IMPROVE recommended use of VTE prophylaxis in 19% of patients. Patients who received VTE prophylaxis that was not warranted had significantly lower risk of clotting compared with patients in whom VTE prophylaxis was warranted per IMPROVE.ConclusionsApplication of IMPROVE risk assessment would significantly reduce VTE prophylaxis use among hospitalized patients with liver disease. Our findings challenge the “one‐size‐fits‐all” current practice pattern of VTE prophylaxis. Future studies are needed in large cohorts of hospitalized patients with liver disease that include clinical outcomes of bleeding and clotting risk.
Halving sunlight reveals no carbon limitation of aboveground biomass production in alpine grassland
Authors: Möhl Patrick , Hiltbrunner Erika , Körner Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn temperate alpine environments, the short growing season, low temperature and a slow nutrient cycle may restrict plant growth more than carbon (C) assimilation does. To test whether C is a limiting resource, we applied a shade gradient from ambient light to 44% (maximum shade) of incident photon flux density (PFD) in late successional,Carex curvula‐dominated alpine grassland at 2,580 m elevation in the Swiss central Alps for 3 years (2014–2016). Total aboveground biomass did not significantly decrease under reduced PFD, with a confidence interval ranging from +4% to −15% biomass in maximum shade. Belowground biomass, of which more than 80% were fine roots, was significantly reduced by a mean of 17.9 ± 4.6% (±SE), corresponding to 228 g/m2, in maximum shade in 2015 and 2016. This suggests reduced investments into water and nutrient acquisition according to the functional equilibrium concept. Specific leaf area (SLA) and maximum leaf length of the most abundant species increased with decreasing PFD. Foliar concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) was reduced by 12.5 ± 4.3% under maximum shade (mean of eight tested species), while NSC concentration of belowground storage organs were unchanged in the four most abundant forbs. Furthermore, maximum shade lowered foliar δ13C by 1.56 ± 0.35‰ and increased foliar nitrogen concentrations per unit dry mass by 18.8 ± 4.1% across six species in 2015. However, based on unit leaf area, N concentrations were lower in shade (effect of higher SLA). Thus, while we found typical morphological and physiological plant responses to lower light, shading did not considerably affect seasonal aboveground biomass production of this alpine plant community within a broad range of PFD. This suggests that C is not a growth‐limiting resource, matching the unresponsiveness to in situ CO2enrichment previously reported for this type of grassland.
State‐targeted grievances and resources: Protest participation during economic downturns in Latin America
Authors: Zárate‐Tenorio Bárbara A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes the determinants of protest participation in Latin America. Whereas most research emphasizes grievances over resources, or vice versa, this article explains protest participation as the interaction between individuals' state‐targeted grievances and material resources. I argue that grievances and availability of material resources interact and fuel protest among individuals whose income falls close to the middle of the income distribution, but not among the poor or the rich. Whereas the scarcity of resources mitigates the politicization of grievances among the poor, the relative abundance of resources and alternative channels of political influence produces the same effect among the rich. Analysis of survey data from Latin American democracies provides strong support for these arguments.
Implementation analysis of transfer of development rights for conserving privately owned built heritage in Hong Kong: A transactions costs perspective
Authors: Hou Jun , Gu Dazhi , Shahab Sina , Chan Edwin Hon‐wan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransfer of development rights (TDR) programs are introduced as an alternative institutional innovation to the traditional regulatory instruments for land development. They meet the demand for development and conservation while balancing the conflicts between public and private interests with minimal use of public funds. Most TDR literature is about nature conservation and there is little focus on the complicated process and diverse stakeholders’ interests of urban land use in dealing with built heritage conservation. Previous studies show that the success of TDR programs depends on various elements, especially policy design and implementation approaches. The design and implementation of TDR programs involves transaction costs that can reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of these programs. This paper aims at developing a framework for analyzing TDR programs. This proposed framework not only takes transactions costs into account, but also provides a basis for decision makers to decipher the process of informal TDR. Using Hong Kong as a case study, three TDR implementation modes are selected to examine how different informal institutional arrangements have resulted in specific transaction costs in practice and hindered TDR projects. Our findings, which are informed by transactions costs economics, provide practical insights in order to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of TDR programs, particularly in informal contexts.
Rotational thromboelastometry can predict the probability of bleeding events in a translational rat model of haemophilia A following gene‐based FVIIa prophylaxis
Authors: Larsen Malte Selch , Vestergaard Juul Rasmus , Zintner Shannon M. , T. Kristensen Annemarie , Margaritis Paris , Kjelgaard‐Hansen Mads , Wiinberg Bo , Simonsson Ulrika S. H. , Kreilgaard Mads 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionMonitoring of clinical effectiveness of bypassing agents in haemophilia patients is hampered by the lack of validated laboratory assays. Thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) have been evaluated for predicting clinical effectiveness of bypassing agents, however, with limited success.AimApplication of a longitudinal model‐based approach may allow for a quantitative characterization of the link between ROTEM parameters and the probability of bleeding events.MethodsWe analyse longitudinal data from haemophilia A rats receiving gene‐based FVIIa prophylaxis in terms of total circulatory levels of FVII/FVIIa, clotting time (CT) measured using ROTEM and the probability of bleeding events.ResultsUsing population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modelling, a PK‐CT‐repeated time‐to‐event (RTTE) model was developed composed of three submodels (a) a FVII/FVIIa PK model, (b) a PK‐CT model describing the relationship between predicted FVIIa expression and CT and (c) a RTTE model describing the probability of bleeding events as a function of CT. The developed PK‐CT‐RTTE model accurately described the vector dose‐dependent plasma concentration‐time profile of total FVII/FVIIa and the exposure‐response relationship between AAV‐derived FVIIa expression and CT. Importantly, the developed model accurately described the occurrence of bleeding events over time in a quantitative manner, revealing a linear relationship between predicted change from baseline CT and the probability of bleeding events.ConclusionUsing PK‐CT‐RTTE modelling, we demonstrated that ROTEM parameters can accurately predict the probability of bleeding events in a translational animal model of haemophilia A.
Boron mining and enrichment waste: A promising raw material for porcelain tile production
Authors: Karadagli Emirhan , Cicek Bugra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBoron mining and enrichment waste (BW) from boric acid (H3BO3) production is a by‐product of the boron industry. BW exhibits B2O3contents of 16‐31 wt%, and therefore, could be used to effectively lower the sintering temperature of ceramics without increasing their thermal expansion coefficient. Herein, we introduced 3‐10 wt% of BW to a formulation used for commercial porcelain tile production, and achieved a sintering temperature decrease of 38°C (to 1195°C). The resulting porcelain tiles exhibited a strength of 44.80 MPa and water absorption percentage of 0.01%, and therefore, met TS ISO EN 10545 requirements. Thus, this study paves the way for the use and valorization of BW in the production of porcelain tiles and could inspire the search for other opportunities to utilize BW in ceramic production.
I don't fit, so I blame you?—Influence of regulatory focus and fit on emotion generation and regulation in single and group context
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Memmert Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPerson–environment interactions play a crucial role in the process of emotional experience. While Regulatory Focus Theory has been adopted to illustrate how some goal‐oriented parts of this process might shape by proposing a regulatory fit between individual and environmental characteristics, whether this fit not only implies feeling “right” but feeling “good” or at least cope better, has not been tested empirically. In this study, we extend earlier research on the influence of the regulatory fit to the generation and regulation of emotions. We additionally emphasize the role of the context, by integrating current work on group‐based emotion regulation in comparing single and group environments. We used a within‐subjects design, with 2 (situational focus) × 2 (single/group environment) levels. Thirty‐two male football players participated in one football‐specific task per level. Emotional experience and cognitive regulation strategies were measured after each. Multilevel regression showed, that a regulatory fit predicted more passive‐negative emotions in both the environments and more active‐negative emotions in the group environments. The Regulatory fit predicted stronger use of functional regulation strategies in the single but less in the group environment. Group membership predicted stronger use of group‐based regulation strategies and weaker use of other strategies—thus indicating further constraints and new ways to cope. We discuss the counter‐intuitive results regarding emotional experience in the light of the athletic context as well as theoretical accounts of regulatory fit and its role in the moderating motivational intensity and the value assignment. Results regarding the influence of group membership are integrated into current research and we highlight the directions for future research.
Kruppel‐like factor 4 improves obesity‐related nephropathy through increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and activities
Authors: Jin Lingwei , Ye Hanyang , Pan Min , Chen Yan , Ye Bairu , Zheng Yu , Huang Wenwen , Pan Shufang , Shi Zhen , Zhang Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObesity is positively linked to multiple metabolic complications including renal diseases. Several studies have demonstrated Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) participated in renal dysfunction and structural disorders in acute kidney injuries, but whether it affected the process of chronic kidney diseases was unknown. Therefore, present study was to disclose the role of renal KLF4 in dietary‐induced renal injuries and underlying mechanisms in obesity. Through utilizing high‐fat diet‐fed mice and human renal biopsies, we provided the physiological roles of KLF4 in protecting against obesity‐related nephropathy. Decreased levels of renal KLF4 were positively correlated with dietary‐induced renal dysfunction, including increased levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Overexpression of renal KLF4 suppressed inflammatory response in palmitic acid‐treated mouse endothelial cells. Furthermore, overexpressed KLF4 also attenuated dietary‐induced renal functional disorders, abnormal structural remodelling and inflammation. Mechanistically, KLF4 maintained renal mitochondrial biogenesis and activities to combat obesity‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In clinical renal biopsies and plasma, the renal Klf4 level was negatively associated with circulating levels of creatinine but positively associated with renal creatinine clearance. In conclusions, the present findings firstly supported that renal KLF4 played an important role in combating obesity‐related nephropathy, and KLF4/mitochondrial function partially determined the energy homeostasis in chronic kidney diseases.
Efficacy and satisfaction of surgical treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Fertitta L. , Hotz C. , Wolkenstein P. , Méningaud J.P. , Sawan D. , Hersant B. , Sbidian E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgery is a radical treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and may be considered as the only one potentially curative.ObjectivesTo characterize HS recurrence in patients after surgery and assess the risk factors of recurrence.MethodsWe conducted a monocentric retrospective cohort study. All consecutive patients who had surgery (January 1, 2012 to March 31, 2017) were included. We estimated the rate of recurrence of HS lesions after surgery (<1 cm from the scar), and recurrence‐associated factors were analysed by univariate then multivariate logistic regression, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 75 patients [median age 31.4 years (range 16–71); 36 females], corresponding to 115 interventions were included. The Hurley score at surgery was III for 70 (60%) patients. In total, 61/115 (53%) interventions involved wide excision and 50 (43%) limited local excision. The localizations were axillary folds (n = 46; 40%), buttocks (n = 15, 13%), genital area (n = 13; 11%), perineal area (n = 12; 10%) and inguinal folds (n = 18; 16%). We observed 11 (10%) complications and 40 (35%) recurrences. On multivariate analysis, probability of recurrence was associated with only one‐stage surgical closure [OR 3.2 (95% CI 1.4–7.3), P = 0.005]. Overall, 44 (52%) patients were completely satisfied and 22 (26%) partially satisfied, and most (81%) considered the surgery the best treatment.ConclusionsHidradenitis suppurativa recurrence in our study was 35% and associated with one‐stage surgical closures, but two‐thirds of patients were satisfied with surgical treatment and would recommend surgery.
Can we still predict the future from the past? Implementing non‐stationary flood frequency analysis in the UK
Authors: Faulkner Duncan , Warren Sarah , Spencer Peter , Sharkey Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Environment Agency in England is investing £2.5 billion with the aim of reducing flood risk to at least 300,000 homes by 2020/21. Several of the schemes being considered are on rivers that have experienced an upsurge of flooding over recent years. Decisions on whether to invest and how high to build are usually made on the basis of stationary methods of flood frequency analysis that assume the probability of flood flows is unchanging over time. Following successive severe floods in Cumbria, trend tests and non‐stationary flood frequency analysis techniques have been applied. These allow parameters of the frequency distribution to change over time or with some other covariate. The resulting estimates of flow, for the present day, were up to 55% higher than the stationary estimates at river gauges in north‐west England. The results have been incorporated into the scheme appraisal process. A national analysis indicates that there is evidence of upward trends in peak flows at nearly a quarter of river flow gauges across Great Britain. Many rivers show an abrupt increase in flood flows in the late 1990s. Trends tend to occur in upland areas but they are also seen on some rivers across south‐east England.
Temporal and Geographic Variation in the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis in the US between 2007 and 2014
Authors: Kirson Noam Y. , Meadows Eric S. , Desai Urvi , Smith Brian P. , Cheung Hoi Ching , Zuckerman Peter , Matthews Brandy R. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESOur aim was to describe the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the United States, overall and by geographic region.DESIGNWe conducted retrospective analyses of administrative claims data for a 5% random sample of US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older. AD incidence, defined as a diagnosis for AD (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 331.0×) in a given year, with no AD diagnosis in the beneficiary's entire medical history, was estimated for each calendar year between 2007 and 2014. Beneficiaries were required to be enrolled in Medicare for the calendar year of evaluation as well as the preceding 12 months. In addition, a cross‐sectional assessment of geographic variation in AD incidence was conducted for 2014. For each population area (specifically, core‐based statistical area, as defined by the US Census Bureau), AD incidence was estimated overall, as well as adjusted for differences in underlying patient demographics and metrics of access to care and quality of care. Changes in AD incidence from 2007 were also estimated.SETTINGUS fee‐for‐service Medicare.ParticipantsUS Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older with no history of AD.RESULTSOverall, the diagnosed incidence of AD decreased over time, from 1.53% in 2007 to 1.09% in 2014; trends were similar for most population areas. In 2014, the rates of AD incidence ranged from 0% to more than 3% across population areas, with the highest observed incidence rates in areas of the Midwest and the South. Statistical models explain little of the geographic variation, although following adjustment, the incidence rates increased the most (in relative terms) in rural areas of western states.CONCLUSIONOur findings are consistent with previously reported estimates of incidence of AD in the United States and its recent declining trend. Additionally, the study highlights the considerable geographic variation in the incidence of AD in the United States and suggests that further research is needed to better understand the determinants of this geographic variation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:346–353, 2020