bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing the Prototype Embedded Health Engagement Team
Authors: Burkett Edwin K , Neese Brian , Lawrence Cristina Y 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTSmall, well prepared, culturally competent, and embedded health engagement teams (EHET) tailored to work within a partner health system, rather than outside of it, will achieve greater mutual benefit, desired military objectives, and better health outcomes for the United States Department of Defence and its partners. EHETs have significant advantages over traditional methods of choice for health security cooperation and humanitarian assistance missions. These advantages include enhanced capability and capacity building, greater trust through intentional cultural expertise, a ready platform for enduring relationships, enhanced host nation legitimacy, and flexibility to target specific issues with greater fidelity. We must first define a prototype EHET, compare the concept against prior units that have executed health engagement, and test it prospectively in employment. The U.S. military and the civilian business world each have extensive experience in employing small teams that the health community can emulate. The ideal EHET should have the following nine characteristics: 12 people or fewer, skillsets for the tasks, global health knowledge, be multidisciplinary, a balance of experience, local language capability, geopolitical and cultural competence, targeted preparation for specific security and health objectives, and joint representation. This paper will explore these components of the prototype EHET as it will be tested in our research project.
Detection of Retinal Fibrosis in a Rabbit Model of Penetrating Eye Injury
Authors: Greene Whitney , Burke Teresa , Bramblett Gregory , Wang Heuy-Ching 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To establish a rabbit model of posterior penetrating eye injury as a platform to test potential therapeutics.

Materials and Methods
Anesthetized rabbits received posterior penetrating eye injury in one eye, whereas contralateral eyes were maintained as uninjured controls. Rabbits were randomized into two experimental groups. Group A was euthanized on Day 14 postinjury to determine retinal fibrosis at an early phase of disease progression. Group B was euthanized on Day 28 postinjury to examine retinal fibrosis at a late phase of disease progression. We examined animals on postinjury Days 7, 14, 21, and 28 with indirect ophthalmoscope and fundus photography. After euthanasia, eyes were processed for histology and immunofluorescence labeling of fibrotic proteins α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I.

Results
Early fibrosis was detected by Day 14, as indicated by indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus imaging. Fibrotic membranes were visible at sites of injury. Immunofluorescence analysis detected α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I within the fibrotic membranes.

Conclusions
These data show that ocular fibrosis can be detected within 14 days after initial injury, with more severe fibrosis detected at 28 days postinjury. These results will be used to determine the optimal time points for later studies designed to test treatment strategies.
Impedance Control Strategies for Enhancing Sloped and Level Walking Capabilities for Individuals with Transfemoral Amputation Using a Powered Multi-Joint Prosthesis
Authors: Bhakta Krishan , Camargo Jonathan , Kunapuli Pratik , Childers Lee , Young Aaron 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Powered prostheses are a promising new technology that may help people with lower-limb loss improve their ability to perform locomotion tasks. Developing active prostheses requires robust design methodologies and intelligent controllers to appropriately provide assistance to the user for varied tasks in different environments. The purpose of this study was to validate an impedance control strategy for a powered knee and ankle prosthesis using an embedded sensor suite of encoders and a six-axis load cell that would aid an individual in performing common locomotion tasks, such as level walking and ascending/descending slopes.

Materials and Methods
Three amputees walked on a treadmill and four amputees walked on a ramp circuit to test whether a dual powered knee and ankle prosthesis could generate appropriate device joint kinematics across users.

Results
Investigators found that tuning 2–3 subject-specific parameters per ambulation mode was necessary to render individualized assistance. Furthermore, the kinematic profiles demonstrate invariance to walking speeds ranging from 0.63 to 1.07 m/s and incline/decline angles ranging from 7.8° to 14°.

Conclusion
This work presents a strategy that requires minimal tuning for a powered knee & ankle prosthesis that scales across a nominal range of both walking speeds and ramp slopes.
Telementoring in Leg Fasciotomies via Mixed-Reality: Clinical Evaluation of the STAR Platform
Authors: Rojas-Muñoz Edgar , Cabrera Maria Eugenia , Lin Chengyuan , Sánchez-Tamayo Natalia , Andersen Dan , Popescu Voicu , Anderson Kathryn , Zarzaur Ben , Mullis Brian , Wachs Juan P 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Point-of-injury (POI) care requires immediate specialized assistance but delays and expertise lapses can lead to complications. In such scenarios, telementoring can benefit health practitioners by transmitting guidance from remote specialists. However, current telementoring systems are not appropriate for POI care. This article clinically evaluates our System for Telementoring with Augmented Reality (STAR), a novel telementoring system based on an augmented reality head-mounted display. The system is portable, self-contained, and displays virtual surgical guidance onto the operating field. These capabilities can facilitate telementoring in POI scenarios while mitigating limitations of conventional telementoring systems.

Methods
Twenty participants performed leg fasciotomies on cadaveric specimens under either one of two experimental conditions: telementoring using STAR; or without telementoring but reviewing the procedure beforehand. An expert surgeon evaluated the participants’ performance in terms of completion time, number of errors, and procedure-related scores. Additional metrics included a self-reported confidence score and postexperiment questionnaires.

Results
STAR effectively delivered surgical guidance to nonspecialist health practitioners: participants using STAR performed fewer errors and obtained higher procedure-related scores.

Conclusions
This work validates STAR as a viable surgical telementoring platform, which could be further explored to aid in scenarios where life-saving care must be delivered in a prehospital setting.
Prehospital Use of Ketamine in the Combat Setting: A Sub-Analysis of Patients With Head Injuries Evaluated in the Prospective Life Saving Intervention Study
Authors: Bebarta Vikhyat S , Mora Alejandra G , Bebarta Emma K , Reeves Lauren K , Maddry Joseph K , Schauer Steve G , Lairet Julio R 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesKetamine is used as an analgesic for combat injuries. Ketamine may worsen brain injury, but new studies suggest neuroprotection. Our objective was to report the outcomes of combat casualties with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who received prehospital ketamine.MethodsThis was a post hoc, sub-analysis of a larger prospective, multicenter study (the Life Saving Intervention study [LSI]) evaluating prehospital interventions performed in Afghanistan. A DoD Trauma Registry query provided disposition at discharge and outcomes to be linked with the LSI data.ResultsFor this study, we enrolled casualties that were suspected to have TBI (n = 160). Most were 26-year-old males (98%) with explosion-related injuries (66%), a median injury severity score of 12, and 5% mortality. Fifty-seven percent (n = 91) received an analgesic, 29% (n = 46) ketamine, 28% (n = 45) other analgesic (OA), and 43% (n = 69) no analgesic (NA). The ketamine group had more pelvic injuries (P = 0.0302) and tourniquets (P = 0.0041) compared to OA. In comparison to NA, the ketamine group was more severely injured and more likely to require LSI procedures, yet, had similar vital signs at admission and disposition at discharge.ConclusionsWe found that combat casualties with suspected TBI that received prehospital ketamine had similar outcomes to those that received OAs or NAs despite injury differences.
The weak lensing bispectrum induced by gravity
Authors: Munshi D , Namikawa T , Kitching T D , McEwen J D , Takahashi R , Bouchet F R , Taruya A , Bose B 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have demonstrated that secondary non-Gaussianity induced by gravity will be detected with a high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) by future and even by on-going weak lensing surveys. One way to characterize such non-Gaussianity is through the detection of a non-zero three-point correlation function of the lensing convergence field, or of its harmonic transform, the bispectrum. A recent study analysed the properties of the squeezed configuration of the bispectrum, when two wavenumbers are much larger than the third one. We extend this work by estimating the amplitude of the (reduced) bispectrum in four generic configurations, i.e. squeezed, equilateral, isosceles and folded, and for four different source redshifts zs = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, by using an ensemble of all-sky high-resolution simulations. We compare these results against theoretical predictions. We find that, while the theoretical expectations based on widely used fitting functions can predict the general trends of the reduced bispectra, a more accurate theoretical modelling will be required to analyse the next generation of all-sky weak lensing surveys. The disagreement is particularly pronounced in the squeezed limit.
Blueshifted absorption lines from X-ray reflection in IRAS 13224−3809
Authors: Fabian A C , Reynolds C S , Jiang J , Pinto C , Gallo L C , Parker M L , Lasenby A N , Alston W N , Buisson D J K , Cackett E M , De Marco B , Garcia J , Kara E , Kosec P , Middleton M J , Miller J M , Miniutti G , Walton D J , Wilkins D R , Young A J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We explore a disc origin for the highly blueshifted, variable absorption lines seen in the X-ray spectrum of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224−3809. The blueshift corresponds to a velocity of ∼0.25c. Such features in other active galactic nuclei are often interpreted as ultrafast outflows. The velocity is of course present in the orbital motions of the inner disc. The absorption lines in IRAS 13224−3809 are best seen when the flux is low and the reflection component of the disc is strong relative to the power-law continuum. The spectra are consistent with a model in which the reflection component passes through a thin, highly ionized absorbing layer at the surface of the inner disc, the blueshifted side of which dominates the flux due to relativistic aberration (the disc inclination is about 70°). No fast outflow need occurs beyond the disc.
Revisiting BeppoSAX and NuSTAR observations of KS 1947+300 and the missing cyclotron line
Authors: Doroshenko R , Piraino S , Doroshenko V , Santangelo A 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Motivated by the alleged detection of a cyclotron resonance scattering feature in the X-ray spectrum of the Be-transient KS 1947+300 with NuSTAR, not observed with other observatories, we have revisited the available observations of the source to clarify the origin of the reported feature. We focus on the analysis of observations obtained with the BeppoSAX observatory during the 2001 outburst, and by NuSTAR in 2013, when the discovery of the line was reported. We find that in both cases, the source broad-band X-ray continuum can be well described with a two-component Comptonization model, which does not require an additional absorption-like feature. In addition, we show that low-significance residuals mimicking the line, which appear using different continuum models, are consistent with known calibration uncertainties. We therefore conclude that the reported cyclotron line detection is largely questionable, and thus the question on the strength of the source magnetic field remains open. We briefly discuss the origin of the observed broad-band continuum in the context of the pulse-phase-resolved analysis conducted for BeppoSAX data and speculate that the soft component may be associated with the emission from polar areas of the pulsar irradiated by the accretion column.
The uncertain masses of progenitors of core-collapse supernovae and direct-collapse black holes
Authors: Farrell Eoin J , Groh Jose H , Meynet Georges , Eldridge J J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We show that it is not possible to determine the final mass Mfin of a red supergiant (RSG) at the pre-supernova (SN) stage from its luminosity L and effective temperature Teff alone. Using a grid of stellar models, we demonstrate that for a given value of L and Teff, an RSG can have a range of Mfin as wide as 3 to 45 M⊙. While the probability distribution within these limits is not flat, any individual determination of Mfin for an RSG will be degenerate. This makes it difficult to determine its evolutionary history and to map Mfin to an initial mass. Single stars produce a narrower range that is difficult to accurately determine without making strong assumptions about mass-loss, convection, and rotation. Binaries would produce a wider range of RSG Mfin. However, the final Helium core mass $M_{\operatorname{He-core}}$ is well determined by the final luminosity and we find $\log (M_{\operatorname{He-core}}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot }) = 0.659 \log (L/\mathrm{L}_{\odot }) -2.630$. Using this relationship, we derive $M_{\operatorname{He-core}}$ for directly imaged SN progenitors and one failed SN candidate. The value of Mfin for stripped star progenitors of SNe IIb is better constrained by L and Teff due to the dependence of Teff on the envelope mass Menv for Menv ≲ 1 M⊙. Given the initial mass function, our results apply to the majority of progenitors of core-collapse SNe, failed SNe, and direct-collapse black holes.
An Open-Label, Prospective Study Evaluating the Clinical and Immunological Effects of Higher Dose Granulocyte Colony–Stimulating Factor in ALS
Authors: Pocock Kristyn , Suresh Niraja , Suradi Yazan , Dang Samuel , Harvey Brittany , Cao Chuanhai , Sutherland Kyle , Lin Xiaoyang , Vu Tuan H. , Gooch Clifton 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective:
We evaluated the safety and tolerability of higher-dose granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, rates of disease progression and serum G-CSF levels and other immunological and hematological markers were measured.

Methods:
Three patients with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were treated with G-CSF subcutaneously at 5 μg/kg twice daily for 5 consecutive days monthly for 4–12 months. Patients were monitored for adverse effects, and disease progression was assessed with ALSFRS-R and other measures.

Results:
Patients tolerated higher-dose G-CSF well with no serious adverse events. Adverse effects were mild to moderate with musculoskeletal pain and malaise being most often reported. No significant change in the rate of disease progression was noted for ALSFRS-R or other measures. Bone marrow progenitor cells were rapidly mobilized for a duration of approximately 9 days with transient and variable effect on cytokines.

Conclusions:
Higher-dose G-CSF was well tolerated in this cohort with no apparent effect on disease progression up to 1 year.
Safety and efficacy of intracoronary prourokinase administration in patients with high thrombus burden
Authors: Wang Xuechao , Liu Huiliang , Wu Haibo , Xiao Yuyang , Bai Shiru , Li Xinning , Li Xiangming , Zhang Lina , Chen Tianlei , Li Hongxiao , Liu Jia , Du Rongpin 
Published: February 2020

Objectives
The study was designed to evaluate the effect of low-dose intracoronary prourokinase administration immediately after thrombus aspiration in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presenting with a serious thrombus burden.

Methods
Consecutive STEMI patients with high thrombus burden received thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly assigned to study group (intracoronary prourokinase administration) or control group (intracoronary 0.9% sodium chloride administration). The primary endpoint was complete ST-segment resolution (STR) at 90 min after primary PCI, and the secondary endpoints included angiographic myocardial perfusion indexes.

Results
Patients in study group had a higher incidence of complete STR and myocardial blush grade 3 compared with those in control group (56.52% vs. 38.89%, P = 0.017 and 57.61% vs. 38.89%, P = 0.041). The peak cardiac troponin I value and corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count were significantly lower in study group (52.16 ± 24.67 ng/mL vs. 60.91 ± 28.81 ng/mL, P = 0.029; and 19.57 ± 9.05 vs. 22.91 ± 10.22, P = 0.020). A significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs)-free survival was observed in study group (55.22 ± 10.50% vs. 52.18 ± 9.39%, P = 0.041; 10.87% vs. 22.22%, P = 0.039) at the 6-month follow-up. The bleeding complication was similar in both groups (17.39% vs. 12.22%, P = 0.327).

Conclusions
In STEMI patients with high thrombus burden, low-dose prourokinase intracoronary administered immediately after thrombus aspiration improves myocardial perfusion, cardiac function, and MACEs-free survival with no significant increase in major bleeding.
Gastrointestinal taste receptors: could tastants become drugs?
Authors: Behrens Maik , Somoza Veronika 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
Numerous studies have pointed to profound nongustatory roles of tastants and the corresponding taste receptors expressed in the alimentary canal in the modulation of digestive and metabolic functions. Already in early reports, the intriguing possibility to use tastants as drug-like effectors for the treatment of metabolic diseases was raised. With this review, focusing on the most recent literature, we intend to question how close we meanwhile came to the initial promise – the use of tastants as medicines.

Recent findings
Although the enormous complexity and experimental variability of studies investigating the effects of tastants on physiological functions still has not revealed a common fundament from which subsequent therapeutic measures could be designed, more and more evidence is mounting on an involvement of taste receptors and taste signaling molecules in the maintenance and fine regulation of gastrointestinal functions and immunity.

Summary
Although the initial goal – using tastants to treat metabolic disorders – has, by far, not been reached, numerous promising findings suggest that dietary interventions could be devised to support conventional therapies in the future.
PTFE-covered TIPS is an effective treatment for secondary preventing variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients with high risks
Authors: Zhou Yongjie , Zhang Wen , Zhang Zihan , Luo Jianjun , Gu Junying , Liu Qingxin , Ma Jingqin , Yan Zhiping , Chen Shiyao , Wang Jian 
Published: February 2020

Aim
To compare the effectiveness and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with endoscopic therapy plus non-selective β-blockers (NSBBs) for secondary prevention of gasroesophageal variceal bleeding (GEVB) in cirrhotic patients with high-risk factors of treatment failure.

Methods and material:
A total of 122 cirrhotic patients with history of gasroesophageal variceal bleeding and high factors including hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG) ≥ 20 mmHg, portal vein thrombosis (PVT), gastrorenal shunt (GRS), or extraluminal para-gastric veins (ep-GVs) detected by endoscopic ultrasound, were analyzed retrospectively. Seventy-seven patients underwent TIPS with PTFE-covered stent (group A) and 102 patients received endoscopic therapy combined with nonselective β-blockers (NSBBs) (group B). According to above high-risk factors, both groups were stratified into four paired subgroups (A1–A4 and B1–B4). Two-year rebleeding rate, overt hepatic encephalopathy, overall survival, and procedure-related adverse events were compared between the two groups and paired subgroups.

Results:
The 2-year cumulative probability of free of variceal rebleeding was higher in group A than group B (93 vs. 62%, P < 0.001). Similarly, the 2-year cumulative probability of free of variceal rebleeding was also higher in the subgroups A1–A4 than the subgroups B1–B4 (91 vs. 67%, P = 0.022, 90 vs. 67%, P = 0.021, 94 vs. 59%, P = 0.029, and 90 vs. 58%, P = 0.016, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups and corresponding subgroups in overt hepatic encephalopathy and survival.

Conclusion:
Compared to secondary prophylaxis with endoscopic therapy plus NSBBs, polytetrafluoroethylene-covered TIPS could significantly reduce the variceal rebleeding rate in cirrhotic patients with HVPG ≥ 20 mmHg, PVT, GRS, or ep-GVs, without increasing the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.
Diagnostic pathways in major trauma patients admitted to Italian hospitals: survey and discussion points from the trauma update 2019
Authors: Tartaglione Marco , Gamberini Lorenzo , Coniglio Carlo , Lupi Cristian , Montanari Nicola , Bardi Tommaso , Chiarini Valentina , Giugni Aimone , Gordini Giovanni 
Published: February 2020

Background
Major trauma is a leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability. Severe trauma patients are taken to hospital with multiple suspected injuries and need urgent diagnosis in order to achieve focused and lifesaving interventions. The primary endpoint of this survey was to evaluate the intrahospital diagnostic paths that trauma patients undergo in Italian hospitals. Thus, during the 14th Italian Trauma Network Congress (Trauma UpDate, Bologna, February 2019), we collected and discussed data from Italian hospitals regarding the usual diagnostic pathway for major trauma patients.

Methods
Three sets of multiple closed questions, designed to measure the structure, protocols, and habits of Italian hospitals were sent prior to the congress. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of the available literature and expert opinion, regarding: (1) the role of E-FAST, chest and pelvis radiographs in stable major trauma patients; (2) diagnostic pathways after the first-level imaging in major trauma patients, focused on a number of clinical scenarios; (3) diffusion and knowledge of trauma-specific computed tomography (CT) protocols and fast radiologic reporting.

Results
We obtained a total of 232 responses to our survey. A remarkable heterogeneity was found between hub and spoke hospitals regarding the indications to the first- and second-level diagnostics, and their use before centralization to trauma centers of patients admitted to peripheral hospitals.

Conclusion
Italian hospitals show a high heterogeneity in the diagnostic pathways proposed to major trauma victims, an interdisciplinary revision of local protocols taking into account hospital capabilities, new evidence, and emergency system geographical distribution is strongly recommended.