bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Clinical Stage T2 Prostate Cancer: Do Current Subclassifications Represent an Improvement?
Authors: Cagiannos Ilias , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Ohori Makato , Eastham James A. , Rabbani Farhang , Fair William , Wheeler Thomas M. , Hammerer Peter G. , Haese Alexander , Erbersdobler Andreas , Huland Hartwig , Scardino Peter T. , Kattan Michael W. 
Published: July 2002

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the extent of palpable cancer within the prostate predicts outcome after radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We combined prospectively collected data on 1,755 consecutive clinical stage T2 patients treated with radical prostatectomy alone at four institutions. According to the 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor-node-metastasis system, 645 (37%) were T2a, 758 (43%) were T2b, and 352 (20%) were T2c. Kaplan-Meier and proportional hazards regression analyses were performed on the 1992 and 1997 T2 subclassifications. After controlling for the effects of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and biopsy Gleason sum, the two staging systems were compared for their ability to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS). Adjusted RFS curves were constructed using the corrected group prognosis method. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 1 to 166 months (median, 26 months). Cancer recurred in 417 (24%) of the T2 patients. The 1992 (P = .005) but not the 1997 (P = .100) T2 subclassification predicted outcome after controlling for PSA and Gleason sum. After covariate adjustment, RFS was 7% higher at 5 years in the 1992 T2a subcategory relative to the T2b subcategory. CONCLUSION: The 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer system is superior to the 1997 system, and the former adds prognostic information to a model containing pretreatment PSA and Gleason sum. These results suggest that 1992 T2 subclassification derived from palpable findings improves prognostication over the 1997 subclassification.
Development of vestibular and auditory function: Effects of hypothyroidism and thyroxine replacement therapy on nystagmus and auditory evoked potentials in the pigmented rat
Authors: Meza Graciela , Acuña Dora , Escobar Carolina 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe functional development of semicircular canals and some brainstem structures of the auditory system was followed in parallel with time in control and propylthiouracyl‐induced hypothyroid pigmented rats by respective recording of postrotatory nystagmus response and auditory evoked brainstem potentials, with the aim of discovering the timing of permanent alterations of these responses in congenital hypothyroidism. A group of hypothyroid rats which underwent thyroxine‐replacement therapy from postnatal day 12 onward was also included in our studies to corroborate the involvement of thyroid hormones in these effects. Postrotatory nystagmus and auditory evoked responses were absent in congenital hypothyroid rats. In the thyroxine‐replaced group postrotatory nystagmus values showed no differences from the control group from postnatal day 28 onward. Auditory evoked potentials in thyroxine‐replaced animals could not be elicited at 30 dB, but by increasing the intensity of stimulus to 70 dB, values of latencies of the four waves composing the response were indistinguishable from controls from postnatal day 39 and thereafter. These results show that hypothyroidism affects both semicircular canal and auditory function, the latter more severely than the former, but that these effects can be prevented when thyroxine replacement treatment is started in early stages of postnatal development.
Outpatient treatment of acute psychotic episode with neuroleptic infusions: a retrospective study
Authors: Bonsack CL , Philippoz R 
Published: July 2002

SummaryIn this retrospective pragmatic study, we define the necessary conditions that allow outpatient low dose intravenous neuroleptization, when hospitalization should otherwise be required. Intravenous neuroleptization is infrequently used in the outpatient treatment of acute psychotic decompensation. Rapid tranquilization with high dosage neuroleptics is controversial, and has a high risk of side effects. The indications for and potential advantages of this method in the perspective of a long-term ambulatory treatment are discussed by comparing a group of outpatients treated with infusions to a group of hospitalized patients. The method offers a satisfactory alternative to hospitalization for subjects who are not in imminent danger (current GAF rating between 20 and 40) and whose normal functioning is good (past year GAF rating = 70). Previous repeated hospitalizations favor the choice of hospitalization over infusion. Its potential advantages are the rapid evolution of the condition, with controlled regression but without psychosocial withdrawal, and an improvement in the patient's attitude towards treatment.
Sonographic features of trisomy 13 at midpregnancy
Authors: Tongsong T. , Sirichotiyakul S. , Wanapirak C. , Chanprapaph P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the sonographic characteristics, at 16–22 weeks of gestation, of fetuses later diagnosed with trisomy 13. Methods: This descriptive analysis of a case series was conducted from June 1989 to May 2001 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Women with abnormal sonographic findings at midpregnancy (16–22 weeks of gestation) underwent amniocentesis or cordocentesis for karyotyping, and the inclusion criterion was proven trisomy 13. Results: Indications for sonographic examination at midpregnancy were a genetic risk, large‐ or small‐for‐date fetus, and other suspected anomalies. Fifteen fetuses were later diagnosed with trisomy 13. In all of these cases there was at least one abnormal sonographic finding. In only one case did the fetus show no structural abnormality (at 17 weeks), but polyhydramnios and fetal growth restriction were observed. Common sonographic findings included holoprosencephaly with associated facial anomalies, and abnormal feet and/or hands, especially polydactyly. Non‐structural abnormal findings such as polyhydramnios or fetal growth restriction were seen in less than one third of the fetuses. Conclusions: Nearly all the fetuses with trisomy 13 had sonographic characteristics of abnormalities at midpregnancy although common findings had often not yet appeared or the findings were low‐sensitive. Detailed ultrasound at midpregnancy could effectively screen for further genetic testing pregnancies at risk for trisomy 13.
Improving recordkeeping for maternal mortality programs, Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Danquah J.B , Appah E.K , Djan J.O , Ofori M , Essegbey I.T , Opoku S ,   (The Kumasi PMM Team)
Published: July 2002

AbstractPreliminary studies: Data on obstetric complications are the basis of monitoring maternal mortality interventions in the PMM Network. A review of recordkeeping procedures at 10 facilities in the study area revealed that information on obstetric complications was often inconsistent or missing. Some hospital records were not designed to collect such information at all. Interventions: In 1992, registers at facilities were revised to collect information on complications and time of treatment. Doctors, nurses, midwives and clerks were trained to record, compile and analyze data. Monitoring and supervisory mechanisms were also set up. Results: Recordkeeping has improved. Data collection and analysis have been regular and timely. Doctors have begun using the data for morning meetings. Nurses and midwives compile monthly summaries of data showing complications by type. Two other districts outside the research area have adopted the reporting system and it is possible that facilities in the whole region will follow suit. Costs: The cost of improving recordkeeping at the 10 healthcare facilities was approximately US $2543, with 85% coming from project funds. Conclusions: Existing recordkeeping systems can be modified to collect data necessary to monitor maternal mortality interventions. Staff training and monitoring visits are important to success. © 1997 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Pharmacotherapy of dysthymia: review and new findings
Authors: Versiani M , Nardi AE , Figueira I 
Published: July 2002

SummaryOpen trials with tricyclics, classical monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or lithium in dysthymia yielded a response rate in 45% of subjects. A long-term treatment of dysthymia with 276 patients treated during 4 years with either moclobemide, tranylcypromine or a combination of amitryptiline plus chlordiazepoxide is described. After discontinuation there was a relapse rate of 89.1%. The controlled studies with tricyclics, MAOIs, reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (RIMAs), specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) or benzamides showed that drugs well-tolerated work better in dysthymia, due to the fact that the treatment must be long-term. Sertraline was studied vs placebo or imipramine in primary dysthymia. Moclobemide, imipramine and placebo were also studied in 315 patients. Mean doses were 650 mg/d of moclobemide and 203.2 mg/d of imipramine. Moclobemide and sertraline were both efficacious and well tolerated. In a long term treatment the clinician should assess the risk-benefit ratio. Dysthymic patients are very sensitive to unwanted effects and compliance is a serious issue.
Dividend initiations in reverse‐LBO firms
Authors: Kosedag Arman , Michayluk David 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis article documents a lack of share price response to dividend initiation announcements by firms that recently completed a reverse‐LBO. We identify a group of firms that had recently completed an IPO and report that they experience a positive reaction to dividend initiation announcements as expected based on the prior dividend initiation literature. We rule out a size‐based explanation for the abnormal response in reverse‐LBOs and offer some potential explanations for our empirical findings.
DOCA‐salts induce heart failure in the guinea pig
Authors: Tiritilli Alberto 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a common clinical problem confronting physicians and is often the final manifestation of many cardiovascular disorders. Despite recent advances in the pharmacological management of HF, it remains a highly lethal and disabling disorder. A number of animal models have been developed to study both the pathophysiology of HF and new therapeutic approaches to this complex syndrome. Only through an improved understanding of the basic biology of the early stages of the syndrome can HF be prevented or at least anticipated. With this in view, we have developed an easily realisable and inexpensive model in the guinea pig, which presents numerous structural, metabolic and biochemical similarities compared with the human heart. Thirty guinea pigs, aged 5 weeks and weighing 300 g were used. After anaesthesia, left nephrectomy was performed. After 1 week the guinea pigs were divided into: (a) control group (n ‐ 15), which received an injection of vehicle as well as tap water for 10 weeks; (b) DOCA‐salts group (n ‐ 15), where the animals were treated with an IM injection of 10 mg DOCA 5 days a week for 10 weeks and with drinking water containing 9 g/l−1 NaCl and 2 g/l−1 KCl. Our results demonstrate that the administration of DOCA‐salts to guinea pigs for 10 weeks caused a significant increase in blood pressure (BP + 30%) associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), evaluated by LV weight (+37%), LV wall (+36%), by the ratio LV weight/Body weight (+23%) and by an increase in LV volume (+51%). Concerning HF, the latter was clinically evident through an increase in body weight, heart rate and dyspnoea. Indeed, guinea pigs presented pleural and/or pericardial effusion often associated with ascite. This model, which combines pressure and volume overload, results in a slow evolution towards HF. This allows a better understanding of the mechanisms in early LV remodelling which has the potential to develop into HF. Some recent studies have emphasised the value of using guinea pigs. The guinea pig heart muscle presents two major regulatory mechanisms of contractility that are closer to those found in humans, the isomyosin pattern which is predominantly V3 and the phenomenon of Ca2+‐induced Ca2+‐release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The DOCA‐salts model in the guinea pig is an easy surgical procedure with high post‐operative survival, which causes an increase in arterial BP, LVH associated with HF. This model is a useful tool for studying some of the basic mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases.
Altering element interactivity and variability in example‐practice sequences to enhance learning to write Chinese characters
Authors: Lu Jia , Kalyuga Slava , Sweller John 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe isolated elements and variability effects of cognitive load theory were used to alter the element interactivity of Chinese characters when instructing novice learners (72 overseas students at a Chinese university) in writing characters using worked examples‐practice procedures. A group of characters with more than eight strokes was disassembled into three individual components. Students were required to trace examples and practice writing of either similar sequences of isolated components followed by integrated components of full characters (Isolated–Integrated sequences); variable sequences of isolated followed by integrated components (Variability–Integrated sequences); or conventional Integrated–Integrated sequences of full characters. It was hypothesized that the fully integrated stroke‐movements form of example‐practice sequences would result in less learning due to a greater cognitive load. The results demonstrated that the participants in both the Isolated–Integrated and Variable–Integrated groups performed significantly better than the Integrated–Integrated group with the Variable–Integrated group outperforming the Isolated–Integrated group.
Variability in Interpretation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pediatric Sacroiliac Joint
Authors: Weiss Pamela F. , Brandon Timothy G. , Bohnsack John , Heshin‐Bekenstein Merav , Francavilla Michael L. , Jaremko Jacob L. , Liao Lester , McHugh Anne , Oberle Edward J. , Rumsey Dax , Srinivasalu Hemalatha , Stoll Matthew L. , Chauvin Nancy A. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is pivotal in the assessment of early sacroiliitis in children. We aimed to evaluate the agreement between local radiology reports and central imaging reviewers for active inflammation and structural damage at the sacroiliac (SI) joints.MethodsEight hospitals each contributed up to 20 cases of consecutively imaged children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and suspected sacroiliitis. Studies were independently reviewed by 3 experienced musculoskeletal pediatric radiologists. Local assessments of global impression and lesions were coded from the local radiology reports by 2 study team members. Test properties of local reports were calculated using the central imaging team’s majority as the reference standard.ResultsFor 120 evaluable subjects, the median age was 14 years, half of the cases were male, and median disease duration at the time of imaging was 0.8 years (interquartile range 0–2). Sensitivity of local reports for inflammation was high, 93.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 78.6–99.2), and specificity was moderate, 69.7% (95% CI 59.0–79.0), but positive predictive value (PPV) was low, 51.8% (95% CI 38.0–65.3). Twenty‐seven cases (23%) had active inflammation reported locally but rated normal at the central reading, 19 (70%) with subsequent medication changes. The sensitivity of local reports detecting structural damage was low, 45.7% (95% CI 28.8–63.4), and specificity was high, 88.2% (95% CI 79.4–94.2); PPV was low, 61.5% (95% CI 40.6–79.8).ConclusionSubstantial variation exists in the interpretation of inflammatory and structural lesions at the SI joints in children. To reliably identify pathology, additional training in the MRI appearance of the maturing SI joint is greatly needed.
Cover cropping increased phosphorus stocks in surface sandy Ultisols under long‐term conservation and conventional tillage
Authors: Ye Rongzhong , Parajuli Binaya , Ducey Thomas F. , Novak Jeffrey M. , Bauer Phil J. , Szogi Ariel A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLow use‐efficiency and high environmental significance of phosphorus (P) requires a better understanding of its stocks and behavior in soils. We investigated P fractions in sandy Coastal Plain Ultisols, where long‐term conservation agriculture driven by conservation tillage and residue return for ∼40 yr and the integration of cover cropping for 4 yr has been demonstrated to improve soil organic matter. Soils were collected from fields at 0‐ to 5‐ and 5‐ to 15‐cm depths to study the effects of tillage (conservation vs. conventional) and cover crop (with vs. without) on soil stocks of various chemically defined P pools and the phosphatase potential activities. Conservation tillage increased KCl‐extractable inorganic P (KCl‐Pi) stocks in top soils (0–5 cm) when compared to conventional tillage, but had no effects on other pools at both soil depths. Cover cropping caused significant accumulations of NaOH‐extractable organic P (NaOH‐Po) in top soils (0–5 cm). Nonetheless, neither conservation tillage nor cover crop changed the contributions of the chemically defined pools to soil total P with NaOH‐Po dominating at both soil depths followed by NaOH‐extractable inorganic P (NaOH‐Pi) and HCl‐extractable Pi (HCl‐Pi). Conservation tillage increased phosphatase potential activities by 128% in the 0‐ to 5‐cm soils, whereas no cover crop effects were observed. Conservation tillage improved P availability potentially through its effects on microbial activities, whereas cover cropping increased P stocks and availability by promoting Po accumulations.
A composite measure of healthy lifestyle: A study from 38 countries and regions from Europe and North America, from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children survey
Authors: Marques Adilson , Bordado Joana , Tesler Riki , Demetriou Yolanda , Sturm David J. , de Matos Margarida Gaspar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to create a composite measure of a healthy lifestyle for adolescents, and analyze its relationship to sociodemographic factors.MethodsData were from the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children 2014 International survey. Participants were 167 021 adolescents (48.2% boys and 51.8 girls), aged 10‐16 years, from 38 countries.ResultsFive healthy behaviors used in this study included engaging in ≥60 minutes of physical activity every day, daily consumption of fruit and vegetables, spending <2 hours daily immersed in screen‐based behaviors, and abstinence from alcohol as well as from tobacco products. Only 1.9% (95% CI: 1.4%, 2.3%) of adolescents had a healthy lifestyle, achieving all five healthy behaviors. In contrast, 4.2% (95% CI: 3.7%, 4.6%) reported none of the healthy behaviors.ConclusionsDespite the benefits of engaging in physical activity, engaging in low levels of screen‐based activity, regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, and abstaining from alcohol and cigarettes, only 2% of adolescents could be classified as having a healthy lifestyle.
Different Cortical Gyrification Patterns in Alzheimer's Disease and Impact on Memory Performance
Authors: Núñez Christian , Callén Antonio , Lombardini Federica , Compta Yaroslau , Stephan‐Otto Christian ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe study of cortical gyrification in Alzheimer's disease (AD) could help to further understanding of the changes undergone in the brain during neurodegeneration. Here, we aimed to study brain gyrification differences between healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and AD patients, and explore how cerebral gyrification patterns were associated with memory and other cognitive functions.MethodsWe applied surface‐based morphometry techniques in 2 large, independent cross‐sectional samples, obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative project. Both samples, encompassing a total of 1,270 participants, were analyzed independently.ResultsUnexpectedly, we found that AD patients presented a more gyrificated entorhinal cortex than HC. Conversely, the insular cortex of AD patients was hypogyrificated. A decrease in the gyrification of the insular cortex was also found in older HC participants as compared with younger HC, which argues against the specificity of this finding in AD. However, an increased degree of folding of the insular cortex was specifically associated with better memory function and semantic fluency, only in AD patients. Overall, MCI patients presented an intermediate gyrification pattern. All these findings were consistently observed in the two samples.InterpretationThe marked atrophy of the medial temporal lobe observed in AD patients may explain the increased folding of the entorhinal cortex. We additionally speculate regarding alternative mechanisms that may also alter its folding. The association between increased gyrification of the insular cortex and memory function, specifically observed in AD, could be suggestive of compensatory mechanisms to overcome the loss of memory function. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:67–80
Amplified Self‐Immolative Release of Small Molecules by Spatial Isolation of Reactive Groups on DNA‐Minimal Architectures
Authors: Prinzen Alexander L. , Saliba Daniel , Hennecker Christopher , Trinh Tuan , Mittermaier Anthony , Sleiman Hanadi F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTriggering the release of small molecules in response to unique biomarkers is important for applications in drug delivery and biodetection. Due to low quantities of biomarker, amplifying release is necessary to gain appreciable responses. Nucleic acids have been used for both their biomarker‐recognition properties and as stimuli, notably in amplified small‐molecule release by nucleic‐acid‐templated catalysis (NATC). The multiple components and reversibility of NATC, however, make it difficult to apply in vivo. Herein, we report the use of the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) for the amplified, conditional release of small molecules from standalone nanodevices. We couple HCR with a DNA‐templated reaction resulting in the amplified, immolative release of small molecules. We integrate the HCR components into single nanodevices as DNA tracks and spherical nucleic acids, spatially isolating reactive groups until triggering. This could be applied to biosensing, imaging, and drug delivery.
A distribution‐based method to gauge market liquidity through scale invariance between investment horizons
Authors: Bianchi Sergio , Pianese Augusto , Frezza Massimiliano 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA nonparametric method is developed to detect self‐similarity among the rescaled distributions of the log‐price variations over a number of time scales. The procedure allows to test the statistical significance of the scaling exponent that possibly characterizes each pair of time scales and to analyze the link between self‐similarity and liquidity, the core assumption of the fractal market hypothesis. The method can support financial operators in the selection of the investment horizons as well as regulators in the adoption of guidelines to improve the stability of markets. The analysis performed on the S&P500 reveals a very complex, time‐changing scaling structure, which confirms the link between market liquidity and self‐similarity.