bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological characteristics and CD163 immunostaining pattern in fibrous papule of the face
Authors: Tokat Fatma , Sezer Engin , Duman Deniz , Durmaz Emel Öztürk , İnce Ümit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSigns of inflammation including epidermal interface changes, spongiosis, and dermal inflammation as well as pagetoid dyskeratosis are rarely described in fibrous papule (FP). We aimed to describe the inflammatory parameters, the rate of pagetoid dyskeratosis, along with CD163 immunohistochemical staining as an adjunctive diagnostic tool in FP.MethodsHistopathology samples of all biopsy‐proven FP cases were retrieved from archives and investigated for inflammatory parameters, presence of pagetoid dyskeratosis, as well as CD163, CD10, and CD34 immunostaining pattern of dermal spindle/stellate or multinucleate cells (graded from 0 to 4).ResultsThirty‐two cases of FP were identified. A high rate of inflammatory parameters including interface changes (20/32), spongiosis (31/32), and dermal lymphocytic inflammation (31/32) were detected. Pagetoid dyskeratosis was identified in eight out of 32 cases (25%). A grade 4 staining revealing a strong dendritic pattern was confirmed in all FP cases with CD163 immunohistochemistry including atypical variants such as granular FP, compared with CD10 (11/32) and CD34 (3/32).ConclusionThe dendritic cellular proliferation in FP may represent an inflammatory response to various stimuli; pagetoid dyskeratosis is a relatively common and underrecognized epidermal feature and CD163 immunostaining may be used as an adjunctive diagnostic tool in unusual histopathological subtypes.
Greater local diversity under older species pools may arise from enhanced competitive equivalence
Authors: Leopold Devin R. , Fukami Tadashi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEcological communities typically contain more species when located within geologically older regions. This pattern is traditionally attributed to the long‐term accumulation of species in the regional species pool, with local species interactions playing a minor role. We provide evidence suggesting a more important role of local species interactions than generally assumed. We assembled 320 communities of root‐associated fungi under 80 species pools, varying species pool richness and the mean age of the sites from which the fungi were collected across a 4‐myr soil chronosequence. We found that local diversity increased more with increasing species pool richness when species were from older sites. We also found that older species pools had lower functional and phylogenetic diversity, indicating greater competitive equivalence among species. Our results suggest that older regions have higher local richness not simply because older pools are more speciose but also because species have evolved traits that allow them to locally co‐occur.
Fast, scalable, and automated identification of articles for biodiversity and macroecological datasets
Authors: Cornford Richard , Deinet Stefanie , De Palma Adriana , Hill Samantha L. L. , McRae Louise , Pettit Benjamin , Marconi Valentina , Purvis Andy , Freeman Robin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimUnderstanding broad‐scale ecological patterns and processes is necessary if we are to mitigate the consequences of anthropogenically driven biodiversity degradation. However, such analyses require large datasets and current data collation methods can be slow, involving extensive human input. Given rapid and ever‐increasing rates of scientific publication, manually identifying data sources among hundreds of thousands of articles is a significant challenge, which can create a bottleneck in the generation of ecological databases.InnovationHere, we demonstrate the use of general, text‐classification approaches to identify relevant biodiversity articles. We apply this to two freely available example databases, the Living Planet Database and the database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity in Changing Terrestrial Systems) project, both of which underpin important biodiversity indicators. We assess machine‐learning classifiers based on logistic regression (LR) and convolutional neural networks, and identify aspects of the text‐processing workflow that influence classification performance.Main conclusionsOur best classifiers can distinguish relevant from non‐relevant articles with over 90% accuracy. Using readily available abstracts and titles or abstracts alone produces significantly better results than using titles alone. LR and neural network models performed similarly. Crucially, we show that deploying such models on real‐world search results can significantly increase the rate at which potentially relevant papers are recovered compared to a current manual protocol. Furthermore, our results indicate that, given a modest initial sample of 100 relevant papers, high‐performing classifiers could be generated quickly through iteratively updating the training texts based on targeted literature searches. These findings clearly demonstrate the usefulness of text‐mining methods for constructing and enhancing ecological datasets, and wider application of these techniques has the potential to benefit large‐scale analyses more broadly. We provide source code and examples that can be used to create new classifiers for other datasets.
‘I think I will need help’: A systematic review of who facilitates the recovery from gender‐based violence and how they do so
Authors: Melgar Alcantud Patricia , Campdepadrós‐Cullell Roger , Fuentes‐Pumarola Concepció , Mut‐Montalvà Elena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContextA key to advancing the eradication of gender‐based violence (GBV) is knowing how to recover from it.ObjectiveTo identify the changes that are indicators of having overcome GBV and determine the role of various support networks.Search strategyWe systematically searched Web of Science.Inclusion criteriaPublications whose abstracts contained a minimum of two of the following words: (a) support or network or solidarity, (b) violence and (c) recovery or healing.Data extraction and synthesisOf the 273 documents retrieved, 52 were used using a narrative synthesis approach.Main resultsFor recovery, women must reconnect with themselves, with their environment and with the world in general. Doing so requires support from both formal and informal networks. The intervention of other people is a common element in successful recovery processes. We identify three requirements for the intervention of these support networks to be effective: not blaming the victim, making women part of their own recovery process by showing them their own transformation potential and promoting reflection on the socialization they have experienced in their affective‐sexual relationships.ConclusionsThere are multiple benefits to having formal or informal support during recovery. In informal networks, raising awareness and providing training are insufficient for promoting active support. Instead, the Second Order of Sexual Harassment must specifically be combatted.Public contributionFrom the authors' previous research, harassed women and survivors have underlined the necessity to identify indicators of recovery and which kind of support has an impact on it.
Role of sputter powers and deposition temperatures towards the growth of nc‐W2N/a‐Si3N4 nanocomposite coating
Authors: Anwar Sharmistha , Anwar Shahid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn physical vapour deposition (PVD) processes, deposition parameters such as pressure, power, temperature, etc. are extremely important for process control and coating performance. Among these target power and substrate temperature (Tsub) play a critical role in defining phase, morphology, adhesion, etc. Optimized parameters are very much required for their best performance, deviating from these will affect its performance and quality. Although relevant but they are the less attended parameters. In this work, two series of samples were prepared by varying (i) silicon nitride (Si3N4) target power (50, 75, 90 and 110 W); and (ii) substrate temperatures (200°C–450°C). Their role in the formation and evolution of microstructural and mechanical properties was studied for nc‐W2N/a‐Si3N4 nanocomposite coatings (nc: nano crystalline, a: amorphous). All the coatings were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. In the first series, the mechanical performance of nc‐W2N/a‐Si3N4 coatings, prepared by varying Si3N4 target power was compared with pure W2N. It has been shown that coating performance strongly depends on Si3N4 target power. The coating shows maximum enhancement of mechanical properties at 50 W Si3N4 target power. The 50 W can be selected as optimized power for the preparation of nc‐W2N/a‐Si3N4 nanocomposite coatings. In the case of the second series of samples, the role of substrate temperature in different parameters was measured/ calculated and compared. All properties show a strong dependency on Tsub. Field emission scanning electron microscope, shows modification in surface and internal (cross‐section) microstructure of coating on varying Tsub and on mechanical properties. Experimentally observed hardness‐microstructure relationship is in good agreement with theoretical Structure Zone Model (SZM). The above results confirm that excellent quality nc‐W2N/a‐Si3N4 coating can be prepared through magnetron sputtering at 400°C and 50 W of Si3N4 power. These results clearly show the importance of processing parameters for depositing a good quality of coating with excellent properties. These results will help the coating industries to improve their product performance.
Multiple potential targets of opioids in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome from COVID‐19
Authors: Cismaru Cosmin Andrei , Cismaru Gabriel Laurentiu , Nabavi Seyed Fazel , Ghanei Mostafa , Burz Claudia Cristina , Nabavi Seyed Mohammad , Berindan Neagoe Ioana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 can present with a variety of clinical features, ranging from asymptomatic or mild respiratory symptoms to fulminant acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) depending on the host's immune responses and the extent of the associated pathologies. This implies that several measures need to be taken to limit severely impairing symptoms caused by viral‐induced pathology in vital organs. Opioids are most exploited for their analgesic effects but their usage in the palliation of dyspnoea, immunomodulation and lysosomotropism may represent potential usages of opioids in COVID‐19. Here, we describe the mechanisms involved in each of these potential usages, highlighting the benefits of using opioids in the treatment of ARDS from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
The Commission in EU Policy Preparation
Authors: Blom‐Hansen Jens , Senninger Roman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the heyday of Jacques Delors, the Commission has been challenged by the rise of the European Council, the empowerment of the European Parliament and the creation of European agencies. However, while many scholars agree about the direction of change, there is disagreement about the extent to which the Commission's position has declined. A number of studies are sceptical, and we join this sceptical line. Our contribution is to focus on the Commission's role as a maker of both legislative and executive rules (implementing and delegated acts). These rules are all decided under complex inter‐institutional procedures. But the Commission possesses the right of initiative in all procedures. We investigate how the Commission can use this first‐mover advantage to influence EU policy. We establish a framework for understanding what strategic options the first‐mover advantage entails and provide a first empirical illustration with a qualitative analysis of ten selected Commission proposals.
Heightened sensitivity to the caregiving environment during adolescence: implications for recovery following early‐life adversity
Authors: Colich Natalie L. , Sheridan Margaret A. , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Wade Mark , Tibu Florin , Nelson Charles A. , Zeanah Charles H. , Fox Nathan A. , McLaughlin Katie A. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAdolescence has been proposed to be a period of heightened sensitivity to environmental influence. If true, adolescence may present a window of opportunity for recovery for children exposed to early‐life adversity. Recent evidence supports adolescent recalibration of stress response systems following early‐life adversity. However, it is unknown whether similar recovery occurs in other domains of functioning in adolescence.MethodsWe use data from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project – a randomized controlled trial of foster care for children raised in psychosocially depriving institutions – to examine the associations of the caregiving environment with reward processing, executive functioning, and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology at ages 8, 12, and 16 years, and evaluate whether these associations change across development.ResultsHigher quality caregiving in adolescence was associated with greater reward responsivity and lower levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, after covarying for the early‐life caregiving environment. The associations of caregiving with executive function and internalizing and externalizing symptoms varied by age and were strongest at age 16 relative to ages 8 and 12 years. This heightened sensitivity to caregiving in adolescence was observed in both children with and without exposure to early psychosocial neglect.ConclusionsAdolescence may be a period of heightened sensitivity to the caregiving environment, at least for some domains of functioning. For children who experience early psychosocial deprivation, this developmental period may be a window of opportunity for recovery of some functions. Albeit correlational, these findings suggest that it may be possible to reverse or remediate some of the lasting effects of early‐life adversity with interventions that target caregiving during adolescence.
Plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes across hospitalized treatment
Authors: Kawachi Yusuke , Fujishima Yuya , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Nagao Hirofumi , Nakamura Takashi , Akari Seigo , Murase Takayo , Taya Naohiro , Omori Kazuo , Miyake Akimitsu , Fukuda Shiro , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Kita Shunbun , Katakami Naoto , Maeda Norikazu , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionXanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes hypoxanthine and xanthine to xanthine and uric acid, respectively. Plasma XOR activity has recently been measured in humans. However, limited information is known about plasma XOR activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and its changes after short‐term glycemic control treatment.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 28 Japanese patients (10 men/18 women) with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized to undergo medical treatment for diabetes. Plasma XOR activity, quantified using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography, and other clinical parameters were examined at admission and 2 weeks after treatment during hospitalization. Changes in plasma XOR activity after treatment during hospitalization and associated clinical parameters were assessed.ResultsAt the time of admission, the median plasma XOR activity was 83.1 pmol/h/mL, with a wide range of 14.4–1150 pmol/h/mL. Multiple regression analysis identified serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels as significant and independent factors correlating with the baseline plasma XOR. Two weeks of treatment during hospitalization was associated with a significant decrease in plasma XOR activity. Changes in serum aspartate transaminase were also the only significant and independent factor correlating with changes in plasma XOR activity.ConclusionsA close relationship was observed between plasma XOR activity and liver transaminases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, cross‐sectionally, and also across treatment during hospitalization.
A nationwide initiative to increase nursing and midwifery research leadership: overview of year one programme development, implementation and evaluation
Authors: Henshall Catherine , Greenfield Diana M. , Jarman Heather , Rostron Heather , Jones Helen , Barrett Sharon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo report on the development, implementation and evaluation of the first year of the National Institute for Health Research 70@70 Senior Nurse Research Leader Programme.BackgroundInternationally, there is a lack of nursing and midwifery research and policy contribution to healthcare sectors. To address this, funding was obtained for a Senior Nurse and Midwife Research Leader Programme in England. The programme aimed to increase nursing and midwifery research capacity and capability and support the development of future research leaders.DesignThe programme had three phases: development, implementation and evaluation. The cohort study's evaluation phase consisted of a survey and qualitative written feedback.MethodsAn online survey was sent to cohort members (n = 66). Quantitative survey data was analysed in Survey Monkey. Written feedback asked cohort members to summarise their activities and any challenges. Data were thematically analysed. The “Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology” reporting checklist was used.ResultsThirty‐nine (59%) cohort members responded to the survey. Responders valued being part of a network (46%), having protected time (22%) and having workplace autonomy (13%). Challenges reported included difficulties accessing online resources (32%), lack of collaborative opportunities (17%) and organisational barriers (10%). Fifty‐six (85%) cohort members submitted the written report. The main themes were “relationship and profile building”, “developing capability and capacity”, “developing the workforce”, “patient and public involvement and engagement” and “quality improvement.”ConclusionsThe 70@70 programme has increased the research profile of the nursing and midwifery professions at a local and national level. International healthcare systems can learn from this, by considering optimal ways to provide nurses and midwives with the tools, resources and confidence to actively contribute to research policy and practice.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe initiatives undertaken through year 1 of the programme have created a platform through which research can be incorporated into clinical practice, education and teaching.
Effect of preventing air intrusion on silent strokes during atrial fibrillation ablation using a mini‐basket catheter
Authors: Nakamura Kohki , Sasaki Takehito , Take Yutaka , Minami Kentaro , Sasaki Wataru , Kishi Shohei , Yoshimura Shingo , Okazaki Yoshinori , Miki Yuko , Goto Koji , Kaseno Kenichi , Yamashita Eiji , Koyama Keiko , Funabashi Nobusada , Naito Shigeto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAir bubble intrusion through transseptal sheaths during left atrial (LA) catheter ablation can cause cerebral embolisms, especially when using complex‐shape catheters. This study aimed to compare the incidence of silent cerebral events (SCEs) after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation using a mini‐basket catheter (IntellaMap Orion; Boston Scientific) between the following groups: group SP, strict prevention of LA air intrusion and group CP, conventional air intrusion prevention.MethodsWe enrolled 123 consecutive AF patients (group SP, n = 61 and group CP, n = 62) who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging after a local‐impedance‐guided ablation using one mini‐basket catheter and one circular mapping catheter. The preventive strategy in group SP included (a) the insertion of the mini‐basket catheter into the transseptal sheaths in a container filled with heparinized saline and (b) no exchange of all catheters over the sheaths.ResultsSCEs were detected in 67 patients (54.5%), and the incidence of SCEs did not significantly differ between groups SP and CP (55.7% vs 53.2%; P = .780). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that an older age, non‐paroxysmal AF, and radiofrequency (RF) power output were independent positive predictors of SCEs (odds ratios: 1.079, 5.613, and 1.405; P = .005, <.001, and .012). On the follow‐up MR imaging, 83.5% of the SCEs in group SP and 87.7% in group CP disappeared (P = .398).ConclusionsStrict prevention of LA air intrusion may have no additional effect for reducing the incidence of SCEs after local impedance‐guided AF ablation using a mini‐basket catheter. An older age, non‐paroxysmal AF, and high‐power RF applications may increase the risk of SCEs.
Plant sugars: Homeostasis and transport under abiotic stress in plants
Authors: Saddhe Ankush A. , Manuka Rakesh , Penna Suprasanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe sessile nature of plants' life is endowed with a highly evolved defense system to adapt and survive under environmental extremes. To combat such stresses, plants have developed complex and well‐coordinated molecular and metabolic networks encompassing genes, metabolites, and acclimation responses. These modulate growth, photosynthesis, osmotic maintenance, and carbohydrate homeostasis. Under a given stress condition, sugars act as key players in stress perception, signaling, and are a regulatory hub for stress‐mediated gene expression ensuring responses of osmotic adjustment, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and maintaining the cellular energy status through carbon partitioning. Several sugar transporters are known to regulate carbohydrate partitioning and key signal transduction steps involved in the perception of biotic and abiotic stresses. Sugar transporters such as SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER (SWEETs), SUCROSE TRANSPORTERS (SUTs), and MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTERS (MSTs) are involved in sugar loading and unloading as well as long‐distance transport (source to sink) besides orchestrating oxidative and osmotic stress tolerance. It is thus necessary to understand the structure–function relationship of these sugar transporters to fine‐tune the abiotic stress‐modulated responses. Advances in genomics have unraveled many sugars signaling components playing a key role in cross‐talk in abiotic stress pathways. An integrated omics approach may aid in the identification and characterization of sugar transporters that could become targets for developing stress tolerance plants to mitigate climate change effects and improve crop yield. In this review, we have presented an up‐to‐date analysis of the sugar homeostasis under abiotic stresses as well as describe the structure and functions of sugar transporters under abiotic stresses.