bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firm‐Specific Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock Price Crash Risk
Authors: Song Danwen , Zhao Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEconomic policy uncertainty (EPU) significantly impacts capital markets and financial activities. Prior studies present inconsistent results regarding the effect of EPU on stock price crash risk, possibly due to the usage of a macro‐level EPU index that assumes homogeneity in its effects across diverse firms. Using data from Chinese A‐share listed firms from 2008 to 2019, we adopt a text‐based method to measure firm‐specific economic policy uncertainty (FEPU) and examine its impact on future stock price crashes. We find that FEPU mitigates crash risk through two channels: monitoring enhancement and conservatism promotion, which deter the accumulation of negative information. The mitigating effect of FEPU is more pronounced for firms with greater managerial stock option incentives, overconfident CEOs, and higher reliance on government subsidies. Overall, our study highlights the crucial role of FEPU in reducing the expected costs of managerial information manipulation and managing stock return tail risks.
(Re)building the nervous system: A review of neuron–glia interactions from development to disease
Authors: Demmings Matthew D. , da Silva Chagas Luana , Traetta Marianela E. , Rodrigues Rui S. , Acutain Maria Florencia , Barykin Evgeny , Datusalia Ashok Kumar , German‐Castelan Liliana , Mattera Vanesa S. , Mazengenya Pedzisai , Skoug Cecilia , Umemori Hisashi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeuron–glia interactions are fundamental to the development and function of the nervous system. During development, glia, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, influence neuronal differentiation and migration, synapse formation and refinement, and myelination. In the mature brain, glia are crucial for maintaining neural homeostasis, modulating synaptic activity, and supporting metabolic functions. Neurons, inherently vulnerable to various stressors, rely on glia for protection and repair. However, glia, in their reactive state, can also promote neuronal damage, which contributes to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Understanding the dual role of glia—as both protectors and potential aggressors—sheds light on their complex contributions to disease etiology and pathology. By appropriately modulating glial activity, it may be possible to mitigate neurodegeneration and restore neuronal function. In this review, which originated from the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) Advanced School in 2019 held in Montreal, Canada, we first describe the critical importance of glia in the development and maintenance of a healthy nervous system as well as their contributions to neuronal damage and neurological disorders. We then discuss potential strategies to modulate glial activity during disease to protect and promote a properly functioning nervous system. We propose that targeting glial cells presents a promising therapeutic avenue for rebuilding the nervous system.image
Electrophysiological recording during touchscreen‐based behavioral assays in rodents: A platform for improving early‐stage neuroscience drug discovery
Authors: Carr Gregory V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPreclinical behavioral testing is essential for drug discovery in neuropsychiatric disorders, yet translational challenges persist because of interspecies differences. Touchscreen‐based behavioral tasks offer a promising solution for bridging this gap. These tasks provide flexibility across cognitive domains and species, facilitating rigorous comparisons. They complement traditional assays, offering improved face, predictive, and construct validity by mirroring human neuropsychological tests. Notably, nearly identical tasks have been validated in multiple species, enhancing translational potential. Recent studies demonstrate conserved neurocircuitry engagement in touchscreen tasks, supporting their relevance to human function and therapeutic development. The integration of electrophysiological measures, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and local field potential (LFP) recordings with touchscreen behavioral assays, enhances translational biomarker discovery and serves to elucidate neural circuit dynamics. Despite current limitations and the need for further validation, this approach offers a pathway to more efficient drug discovery. This review covers recent research describing the feasibility and benefits of EEG/LFP‐touchscreen combination studies in rodents. While the field is still in its early stages, the promise of this research strategy is evident. Future efforts will likely focus on refining methodologies, identifying robust translational biomarkers, and expanding studies across species. Touchscreen‐based platforms, integrated with electrophysiological measurements, hold significant potential to advance our understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders and accelerate the development of effective treatments.image
Health Perceptions and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Öztürk Şenay , Ata Elvan Emine , Sarıtaş Merve 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPeople with serious psychiatric disorders requiring long‐term care and treatment are known to have higher rates of various physical diseases and early mortality.AimThis study aimed to evaluate health perceptions and risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes in patients with psychiatric disorders.MethodData were collected from a group of 228 patients using the Health Perception Scale, the Metabolic Syndrome Assessment Form and the American Diabetes Association Diabetes Risk Test.ResultsThe patients had moderately positive health perceptions, 51.3% had moderate risk, 10.1% had high risk of metabolic syndrome, 27.6% were at risk for diabetes. Low health self‐awareness was associated with higher diabetes and metabolic syndrome risk, and diabetes risk was also positively associated with metabolic syndrome risk.DiscussionThe interrelatedness of health perceptions, diabetes risk and metabolic syndrome risk suggests the need for educational interventions focused on increasing awareness of self‐care, nutrition, exercise and disease‐ and health‐related issues specific to these patients.Implications for PracticeThis study highlights the need for nurses to regularly screen patients with mental illness for diabetes and metabolic syndrome risk and to intervene accordingly.
Chromosome‐scale genomes of Toona fargesii provide insights into competency of root sprouting
Authors: Ma Jikai , Cheng Qiangqiang , Zhong Qiuwei , Fu Fangfang , Jia Ting , Du Xuanjin , Cao Wen , Xu Ling , Cao Fuliang , Guo Chunce , Zhang Lu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractToona fargesii A. Chev., a versatile tree in the Toona genus of the Meliaceae family, is renowned for its exquisite timber and medicinal properties, offering promising benefits. Due to natural regeneration obstacles and long‐term excessive exploitation, it has been threatened in China. Intriguingly, root sprouting, which may diminish the genetic diversity and hinder population development, dominates the reproductive pattern of T. fargesii in the wild. However, the lack of complete genome information has hampered basic studies on the regeneration, classification, evolution and conservation of this species. Here, we report the genome of T. fargesii, which was sequenced using the PacBio platform and assembled into a high‐quality genome with a total size of 535.24 Mb. Of this, 97.93% of the assembled contigs were anchored onto 28 pseudochromosomes, achieving a chromosome‐level genome. The long terminal repeat assembly index score was 21.34, and the consensus quality value was 39.90%, indicating the accuracy and completeness of the genome. Comparative genome analysis suggested that a recent whole genome duplication event occurred between 22.1 and 50.1 Mya in the Toona genus, with the divergence time between T. fargesii and its relative T. sinensis estimated at approximately ~16.7 Mya. Additionally, 13 TfARR genes, which play integral roles in root sprouting by mediating cytokinin signaling, underwent rapid gene expansion and showed significant enrichment in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes between root sprouts and nonroot sprouts were significantly enriched in the zeatin biosynthesis pathway, indicating that cytokinin regulation is involved in root sprouting development. Collectively, the findings provide valuable genomic resources for the Toona genus and genetic insights into the mechanisms of root sprouting in T. fargesii.
Integrated genomic analysis reveals the fine‐scale population genetic structure and variety differentiation of Taihangia rupestris, a rare cliff plant
Authors: Liu Meng , Xing Wen‐Long , Zhang Bin , Wen Ming‐Lu , Cheng Yue‐Qin , Liu Yan‐Yan , Cao Ya‐Nan , Wang Hong‐Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTaihangia rupestris Yu & Li, an early spring flowering plant of the Rosaceae family, is classified as a second‐level protected species in China. Endemic to the cliff faces of the Taihang Mountains in central China, this rare species requires a comprehensive understanding and conservation approach. In this study, we analyzed population‐level genetic variations in both chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Taihangia rupestris var. ciliata exhibited higher genetic diversity than T. rupestris var. rupestris in both genome types. All individuals of T. rupestris var. rupestris formed a single cluster, while individuals of T. rupestris var. ciliata were grouped into three distinct clusters. Approximately 29.82 Ma, T. rupestris diverged from its closely related species. Taihangia rupestris var. ciliata appeared first, followed by the differentiation of T. rupestris var. rupestris, which adapted to the climate of the southern Taihang Mountains, around 3.55 Ma. Additionally, our study identified several chloroplast genes potentially involved in variety adaptive differentiation. These findings enhance our understanding of environmental adaptation and differentiation in the two T. rupestris varieties, providing valuable genetic insights for the conservation and utilization of this species.
Effects of gestational intermittent hypoxia on the respiratory system: A tale of the placenta, fetus, and developing offspring
Authors: Valverde‐Pérez Esther , Olea Elena , Rocher Asunción , Aaronson Philip I. , Prieto‐Lloret Jesús 
Published: December 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder that is associated with a wide variety of health conditions, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, metabolic, neoplastic, and neurocognitive manifestations. OSA, as a chronic condition, is mainly characterised by repeated upper airway obstructions during sleep that cause episodes of intermittent hypoxia (IH), resulting in tissue hypoxia–reoxygenation cycles. Decreased arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and haemoglobin saturation (SatO2) stimulate reflex responses to overcome the obstruction. The prevalence of OSA is significant worldwide, and an underrated problem when focussing on women during pregnancy. The physiological changes associated with pregnancy, especially during its latest stages, are related to a higher prevalence of OSA events in pregnant mothers, and associated with an increased risk of hypertension, pre‐eclampsia and diabetes, among other deleterious consequences. Furthermore, OSA during pregnancy can interfere with normal fetal development and is associated with growth retardation, preterm birth, or low birth weight. Carotid body overstimulation and hypoxia–reoxygenation episodes contribute to cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress, which can harm both mother and fetus and have long‐lasting effects that can reach into adulthood. Because IH is the hallmark of OSA, this review examines the literature available about the impact of gestational intermittent hypoxia (GIH) on the respiratory system at maternal, fetal, and offspring levels. Offering the latest scientific data about OSA during pregnancy, we may help to tackle this condition with lifestyle changes and therapeutic approaches, that could influence the mothers, but also impact adult health problems, mostly unknown, inherited from these hypoxic episodes in the uterus.
Effect of Early‐Life Lipid‐Based Nutrient Supplement and Home Environment on Autonomic Nervous System Regulation at 9–11 Years: A Follow‐Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aryee Lois M. D. , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Prado Elizabeth L. , Guyer Amanda E. , Arnold Charles D. , Dewey Kathryn G. , Amponsah Benjamin , Manu Adom , Oaks Brietta M. , Bentil Helena J. , Nti Helena , Ayete Labi Fatimah B. , Mensah Mavis O. , Adjetey Ebenezer , Hastings Paul D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNutrition and the home environment contribute to the development of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, no study has examined the long‐term effects of prenatal and postnatal small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNS) and home environment on ANS regulation. We investigated the effect of early‐life SQ‐LNS and home environment on ANS regulation at 9–11 years. Participants were children born to women who participated in a randomized controlled trial in Ghana from 2009 to 2014. Women were randomized to receive daily, from pregnancy until delivery, either SQ‐LNS, multiple micronutrients (MMN) or iron and folic acid (IFA) followed by SQ‐LNS, MMN or placebo, respectively, until 6 months postpartum. Infants in the SQ‐LNS group received SQ‐LNS from 6 to 18 months. Quality of home environment was observed at 4–6 and 9–11 years. At 9–11 years, 965 children had their respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and pre‐ejection period (PEP) measured at baseline and during two inhibitory control tasks, the RACER Simon and Emotion Go/No‐Go (EGNG) tasks. PEP reactivity to the RACER Simon task was greater in the MMN (−2.54 ± 4.45, p = 0.016) and SQ‐LNS (−2.31 ± 4.94, p = 0.093) groups than in the IFA group (−1.57 ± 3.51). A better home environment at 4–6 predicted longer baseline PEP (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.23, p = 0.016) and more PEP reactivity during the EGNG task (β = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.00, −0.02, p = 0.001). Prenatal micronutrient supplementation appears to increase SNS reactivity. Children raised in disadvantaged early home environments had more tonic SNS activation and less SNS reactivity, suggesting a predisposition for stronger fight‐or‐flight activation and less likelihood to modulate arousal in response to acute situations.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00970866
Climate Justice Perspectives and Experiences of Nurses and Their Community Partners
Authors: LeClair Jessica , Dudek Alex , Zahner Susan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe global climate crisis is an immediate threat, causing inequitable health impacts across different populations. Climate justice connects the causes and effects of climate change to structural injustices in society. Nurses and community‐based organizations (CBOs) partner in promoting justice and health equity. The purpose of this article is to describe how nurses and their CBO partners envision, perceive, and experience climate justice in the communities they serve. Participants were recruited via a screening survey sent to nursing and public health organizations in the United States. This descriptive mixed‐methods study utilized participatory photo mapping (i.e., combined participatory photography, community mapping, and interviews) to capture participants’ understanding and experiences of climate justice. Recruitment methods identified eight partnerships across six states. Participants depicted how climate injustice is reinforced by colonial severance from Nature. Participants noted that state violence and corporate climate pollution degraded the public's health. Climate justice was described as a long struggle to regain spiritual relationships within Nature, fostering belonging, abundance, and protected communities of care. Planetary health and well‐being were central to participants’ experiences with climate justice. Future research could explore barriers and facilitators to addressing climate injustice and promoting climate justice in diverse settings.
The question‐centered account of harm and benefit
Authors: Thieme Aaron 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe counterfactual comparative account of harm and benefit (CCA) has faced a barrage of objections from cases involving preemption, overdetermination, and choice. In this paper I provide a unified diagnosis of CCA's vulnerability to these objections: CCA is susceptible to them because it evaluates each act by the same criterion. This is a mistake because, in a sense I make precise, situations raise prudential questions, and only some acts—the relevant alternatives—are directly relevant to these questions. To answer the objections, we must revise CCA so that its evaluations foreground the relevant alternatives. The result is a question‐centered account of harm and benefit.
The OsNL1‐OsTOPLESS2‐OsMOC1/3 pathway regulates high‐order tiller outgrowth in rice
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Feng , Xun Ziqi , Shao Jiale , Luo Wenfan , Jiang Xiaokang , Wang Jiachang , Wang Jian , Li Shuai , Lin Qibing , Ren Yulong , Zhao Huixian , Cheng Zhijun , Wan Jianmin 
Published: December 2024

SummaryTiller is an important factor in determining rice yield. Currently, researches mainly focus on the outgrowth of low‐order tiller (LOT), while the regulation mechanism of high‐order tiller (HOT) outgrowth has remained unknown. In this study, we detected one OsNL1 mutant, nl1, exhibiting HOT numbers increase, and found that OsNL1 interacts with OsTOPLESS2, which was mediated by the core motif of nine amino acids VDCTLSLGT within the HAN domain of OsNL1. The topless2 mutant exhibits similar HOT number increase as in the nl1. Through ChIP‐seq analysis, we revealed that OsNL1 recruits OsTOPLESS2 to conduct histone deacetylation in the promoters of OsMOC1 and OsMOC3 to regulate HOT outgrowth. Moreover, we showed that the HAN domain is essential for OsNL1 function as a repressor. In summary, our study reveals partial mechanism of HOT outgrowth in rice and deciphers the molecular biology function of the HAN domain. This will contribute to the comprehensive understanding of tiller outgrowth and the role of HAN‐domain‐containing genes.
Root Exudation: An In‐Depth Experimental Guide
Authors: McLaughlin Sarah , Himmighofen Paul , Khan Sheharyar A. , Siffert Alexandra , Robert Christelle A. M. , Sasse Joëlle 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPlants exude a wide variety of compounds into the rhizosphere, modulating soil functioning and diversity. The number of studies investigating exudation has exponentially increased over the past decades. Yet, the high inter‐study variability of the results is slowing down our understanding of root–soil interactions. This variability is partly due to the absence of harmonized methodologies to collect and characterize exudation. Here, we discuss how various experimental aspects influence exudation profiles by performing a literature review, and we suggest best practices for different experimental setups. We discuss state‐of‐the‐art of spatially resolved exudate collection, collection in controlled versus field conditions and plant growth setups ranging from hydroponics to soil. We highlight the importance of preparing experimental blanks, in situ versus ex situ exudate collection, various collection media and timing of collection, exudate storage and processing and analytical considerations. We summarize best practices for experimental setup and reporting of parameters in an easily accessible table format to facilitate discussion of best practices in the field. An increased standardization in the field together with the systematic studies suggested will improve our knowledge of how plant exudation shapes interactions with organisms in soil.
Chloroplastic Aspartyl‐tRNA Synthetase Is Required for Chloroplast Development, Photosynthesis and Photorespiratory Metabolism
Authors: Xi Yue , Cai Jiajia , Peng Qiufei , Li Ganting , Zhu Guohui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPhotorespiration is a complex metabolic process linked to primary plant metabolism and influenced by environmental factors, yet its regulation remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified the asprs3‐1 mutant, which displays a photorespiratory phenotype with leaf chlorosis, stunted growth, and diminished photosynthesis under ambient CO2, but normal growth under elevated CO2 conditions. Map‐based cloning and genetic complementation identified AspRS3 as the mutant gene, encoding an aspartyl‐tRNA synthetase. AspRS3 is localised in both chloroplasts and mitochondria, with the chloroplast being the primary site of its physiological function. The AspRS3 mutation impacts the expression of plastid‐encoded and photosynthesis‐related genes, leading to decreased levels of chloroplast‐encoded proteins such as ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (RBCL) and ferredoxin‐dependent glutamate synthase (Fd‐GOGAT). Furthermore, we observed an accumulation of photorespiratory intermediates, including glycine and glycerate, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in asprs3‐1. However, under high CO2, the expression of these proteins, the accumulation of photorespiratory intermediates, and ROS levels in asprs3‐1 did not significantly differ from those in the wild type. We propose that elevated CO2 mitigates the asprs3‐1 phenotype by inhibiting Rubisco oxygenation and photorespiratory metabolism. This study highlights the role of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases in regulating photorespiration and provides new insights into its metabolic control.
Trend of Metabolic Syndrome Indicators in Working Korean Women According to Smoking Status and Workplace Size: A Population‐Based Retrospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Moon Ji Hyun , Jung Sua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveSmoking, a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, is associated with stress relief and pleasure among women, which can hinder efforts to quit smoking, particularly in workplaces. We investigated the metabolic syndrome indicators among working Korean women based on smoking status and workplace size to devise tailored smoking cessation policies.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.SampleData from 53,126 working Korean women aged 15–64 years were collected between 2009 and 2015.MeasurementsData were collected from the Female Employees Database derived from the National Health Insurance Service. To assess the trend of metabolic syndrome indicators among working Korean women according to smoking status and workplace size, repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used.ResultsSignificant interactions were found between time and group for waist circumference (WC), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting glucose (FG) levels. Trends of metabolic syndrome were more prevalent in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMSEs) than in large‐sized enterprises (LSEs). Current smokers in the LSE group had the highest WC, triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and FG values.ConclusionsThese insights may be valuable for devising policies and interventions to improve metabolic health among women working in SMSEs and current smokers in LSEs.