bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neue Herausforderungen erfordern neue Ideen: Elemente einer Theorie des Sieges in modernen strategischen Konflikten
Authors: Roberts Brad 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Russland und China dreht sich der militärstrategische Diskurs schon seit Langem um die Frage, wie man die Vereinigten Staaten in einem regionalen konventionellen Krieg unter dem nuklearen Schatten abschrecken und besiegen kann. Bis vor Kurzem lag das Hauptaugenmerk des militärstrategischen Denkens der USA auf Terrorismus- und Aufstandsbekämpfung. Dies hat zu einem gefährlichen Ungleichgewicht und zu dem Risiko geführt, dass die Führungen in Moskau und Peking versucht sein könnten, in Konflikte einzutreten und diese zu eskalieren, in der Überzeugung, sie könnten diese gewinnen. Die USA und ihre Verbündeten müssen daher eigene Konzepte darüber entwickeln, wie sie diese Überzeugung erschüttern und folglich die Abschreckung stärken können. Eine kohärente, glaubwürdige Gesamtheit diesbezüglicher Ideen könnte auch eine „Theorie des Sieges“ genannt werden.
Hysteresis and sources of aggregate employment inertia
Authors: Mota Paulo R. , Vasconcelos Paulo B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is widely recognized that aggregate employment dynamics is characterized by hysteresis. In the presence of hysteresis, the long run level of employment instead of being unique and history-independent, depends on the adjustment path that is taken, which includes the monetary and fiscal measures. It is thus important to study the presence of hysteresis in the macrodynamics of employment to understand whether the recession followed 2007s financial crisis will have permanent effects, and prospectively to conduct fiscal and monetary policies. The main contribution of this paper is to analyse the relative impact of the main sources hysteresis (non-convex adjustment costs, uncertainty and the flexibility of working time arrangements) to the width of the employment band of inaction. For that purpose, a switching employment equation was estimated from a computational implementation of the linear play model of hysteresis. From our results we found significant hysteresis effects in the aggregate employment dynamics caused by the presence of non-convex adjustment costs as uncertainty. We also found that the flexibility firms may have to adjust labour input by varying the number of hours of work per employee helps to mitigate the effect of uncertainty upon the band of inaction.
Massification and diversification in tertiary language education: evaluating the parameters for a successful outcome
Authors: du Plessis Colleen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn response to trends such as internationalization, migration and the knowledge economy, universities globally are under pressure to open their doors to as many students as possible. In South Africa, massification of higher education has two additional dimensions to the above. Firstly, it has to provide a forum for creating a socially inclusive society. Further to this, it has to compensate for the inferior standard of basic education. Together these factors compound the number of diversity variables that require management, particularly as far as language and academic literacy imperatives are concerned. This chapter examines how massification is unfolding at one institution of higher learning in the country and how it fuels systemic problems in a particular teacher training programme. What distinguishes the students in this undergraduate course from those in other programmes is that they constitute the future educators responsible for literacy development in the first years of schooling, precisely where literacy levels are deplorable and of critical concern. The study considers relevant policies, institutional support and curricula, before scrutinizing student performance. Two main findings emerge: Successful massification of higher education is highly dependent on quality basic education in which language instruction and the development of academic literacies are foregrounded at school level. This in turn requires comprehensive teacher training programmes that are attentive to sociolinguistic realities and theoretical underpinnings of language learning.
Tolerance and Control.Developing a language policy for an EMI university in Uzbekistan
Authors: Linn Andrew , Bezborodova Anastasiya , Radjabzade Saida 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents a practical project to develop a language policy for an English-Medium-Instruction university in Uzbekistan. Although the university is de facto English-only, it presents a complex language ecology, which in turn has led to confusion and disagreement about language use on campus. The project team investigated the experience, views and attitudes of over a thousand people, including faculty, students, administrative and maintenance staff, in order to arrive at a proposed policy which would serve the whole community, based on the principle oftoleranceand pragmatism. After outlining the relevant language and educational context and setting out the methods and approach of the underpinning research project, the article goes on to present the key findings. One of the striking findings was an appetite for control and regulation of language behaviours. Language policies in Higher Education invariably fall down at the implementation stage because of a lack of will to follow through on their principles and their specific guidelines. Language policy in international business on the other hand is characterised by acontrolstage invariably lacking in language planning in education. Uzbekistan is a polity used to control measures following from policy implementation. The article concludes by suggesting that Higher Education in Central Asia may stand a better chance of seeing through language policies around English-Medium Instruction than, for example, in northern Europe, based on the tension between tolerance on the one hand and control on the other.
Inclusion regions and bounds for the eigenvalues of matrices with a known eigenpair
Authors: Marsli Rachid , Hall Frank J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLet (λ, v) be a known real eigenpair of an n×n real matrix A. In this paper it is shown how to locate the other eigenvalues of A in terms of the components of v. The obtained region is a union of Gershgorin discs of the second type recently introduced by the authors in a previous paper. Two cases are considered depending on whether or not some of the components of v are equal to zero. Upper bounds are obtained, in two different ways, for the largest eigenvalue in absolute value of A other than. Detailed examples are provided. Although nonnegative irreducible matrices are somewhat emphasized, the main results in this paper are valid for any n × n real matrix with n≥3.
The technical term‘amphibolon’in Pollux’sOnomasticon
Authors: Chronopoulos Stylianos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPollux uses the technical term‘amphibolon’in different contexts and with relatively different functions. This paper documents in detail these functions, categorizes them in 5 different categories (marking of polysemous lexemes; marking of polysemous lexemes in specific passages; highlighting dubious readings in specific passages; marking of a doubtful categorization of a thing; marking lexemes which are dubious regarding their canonicity) and discusses their relation with lexicographic features and intentions of theOnomasticon. It contributes contributes, thus, to the disambiguation of the term in theOnomasticonand adds some insights about its uses in the ancient Greek grammatical and lexicogrpahical tradition.
Insta-Research zum #westweg im Schwarzwald – wie digital repräsentierte Wandererfahrungen auf Instagram mittels quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden untersucht werden können
Authors: Winsky Nora , Zimmermann Gisela 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Westweg im Schwarzwald ist Deutschlands ältester Fernwanderweg und erfreut sich bei in- und ausländischen Gästen großer Beliebtheit. Diese dokumentieren nicht nur die physische Anstrengung des Wanderns, sondern vielfach auch die landschaftliche Ästhetik des Schwarzwaldes u. a. mithilfe von Instagram-Posts. Solche Posts sind Ausdruck für die untrennbare Verflechtung von neuen Medien und Reiseerfahrungen im digitalen Zeitalter. Mit einem innovativen Analyseschema, das einen Zugang mittels quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden umfasst, wird exemplarisch für den #westweg aufgezeigt, wie digital repräsentierte Wandererfahrungen wissenschaftlich erfasst und analysiert werden können.Mittels der quantitativen Analyse lassen sich die Beiträge nach den meistgenutzten Hashtags (u. a. #schwarzwald, #blackforest, #wandern) und Emoticons (u. a. Tanne, Smileys) filtern, die das Datenmaterial thematisch strukturieren und klassifizieren. Eine qualitative Einzelbildanalyse schließt an und identifiziert aktuelle Bildpraktiken und Bedeutungskonstitutionen auf Instagram zum #westweg. Die Analyseverfahren stellen die Inszenierung der Landschaft als idyllisch einerseits sowie die Naturerfahrung im Spannungsfeld von Anstrengung und Genuss andererseits heraus. Bildmotive, wie sie aus der Romantik bekannt sind, haben bis heute Bestand und werden auf der sozialen Fotoplattform in ein neues Licht gerückt.
Companions of Nabonidus
Authors: Sandowicz Małgorzata 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In his seminal 1989 study, Paul-Alain Beaulieu argued that Nabonidus was brought to power by a conspiracy orchestrated by Belshazzar and servants of Neriglissar and Lâbâši-Marduk, the usurper’s predecessors on the throne. This paper offers a prosopographic investigation into Nabonidus’s social network and reveals that, at the outset of his reign, the new king’s entourage comprised other associates of Neriglissar and other potential conspirators.
Krisenzeit – Zeit für einen utopiestarken Religionsunterricht?
Authors: Schlag Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Angesichts der durch die Corona-Krise des Jahres 2020 ausgelösten Disruptionen stellt sich für die religiöse Bildung in Schule und Kirche die Frage des theologisch und pädagogisch verantworteten, lebensdienlichen Umgangs mit diesen Krisenerfahrungen und damit nach den Folgerungen für die konkrete Bildungspraxis. Dabei sind von Beginn an fünf Aspekte, die die aktuelle Krise in besonderer Weise ausmachen, für alle Bildungsüberlegungen zu berücksichtigen. Diese werden im Folgenden aufgezeigt und zugleich mit zentralen Leitfragen für die religionspädagogische Klärung und in der Zielrichtung des Plädoyers für einen utopiestarken Religionsunterricht verbunden.
The Role of Location-Context Binding in Nonspatial Visual Working Memory
Authors: Cai Ying , Fulvio Jacqueline M. , Yu Qing , Sheldon Andrew D. , Postle Bradley R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSuccessful retrieval of an item from visual working memory (VWM) often requires an associated representation of the trial-unique context in which that item was presented. In experiment 1, fMRI of 16 male and female humans replicated a previous dissociation of the effects of manipulating memory load in comparison to the effects of manipulating context binding, by comparing VWM for one oriented line versus for three lines individuated by their location versus for three “heterogeneous” items drawn from different categories (orientation, color, and luminance): delay-period fMRI signal in frontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) was sensitive to stimulus homogeneity rather than to memory load per se. Additionally, inspection of behavioral performance revealed a broad range of individual differences in the probability of responses to nontargets (also known as “swap errors”), and apost hoccomparison of high swap-error versus low swap-error groups generated several intriguing results: at recall, high swap-error subjects were seen to represent both the orientation and the location of the probed item less strongly, and with less differentiation from nonprobed items, and delay-period signal in IPS predicted behavioral and neural correlates of context binding at recall. In experiment 2, which was a preregistered replication, the 27 male and female humans were grouped into low and high swap-error groups by median split, and the results were broadly consistent with experiment 1. These results present a neural correlate of swap errors, and suggest that delay-period activity of the IPS may be more important for the operation of context binding than for representation per se of stimulus identity.
MODELACIÓN MATEMÁTICA Y SIMULACIÓN COMPUTACIONAL DEL PROCESO DE LODO ACTIVADO CON PROGRAMACIÓN ORIENTADA A OBJETOS
Authors: García Gina Maria Ortega , Ruiz Victoria Eugenia Navia 
Published: November 2020

El proyecto realizado para escribir este artículo se hizo con el fin de formular un modelo matemático que permite diseñar una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales que incluye un proceso de lodo activado, y otro modelo matemático para simular el proceso de lodo activado mediante la aplicación DiSimuLAc. Para tal fin se analizaron las unidades de mayor importancia en una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales, sus características y diseño para su posterior implementación computacional tomando como unidades para tratamiento preliminar: Desbaste, Desarenado y Eliminación de Grasas y aceites. En cuanto al proceso de Lodo Activado se realizó un análisis detallado del proceso, sus etapas, configuraciones y la descripción matemática correspondiente. El sedimentador que forma parte de este proceso se dimensionó de acuerdo a la caracterización del efluente final de la planta.
DiSimuLAc es la aplicación obtenida de la implementación computacional de los modelos que se realizó en Borland® Delphi® for Microsoft® Windows™ Versión 10.0.2288.42451 de Borland® Software Corporation distribuido como Turbo Delphi.
Este proyecto trae consigo grandes avances en el campo de la ingeniería ambiental tanto para estudiantes como profesores ya que se creó un software con el cd de instalación de la aplicación DiSimuLAc y con su respectivo manual del usuario, esta aplicación simplifica los cálculos y permiten un desarrollo eficaz del diseño de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales con Lodo Activado y la simulación de este proceso.
Representing Fitness Landscapes by Valued Constraints to Understand the Complexity of Local Search
Authors: Kaznatcheev Artem , Cohen David , Jeavons Peter 
Published: November 2020

Local search is widely used to solve combinatorial optimisation problems and to model biological evolution, but the performance of local search algorithms on different kinds of fitness landscapes is poorly understood. Here we consider how fitness landscapes can be represented using valued constraints, and investigate what the structure of such representations reveals about the complexity of local search.
First, we show that for fitness landscapes representable by binary Boolean valued constraints there is a minimal necessary constraint graph that can be easily computed. Second, we consider landscapes as equivalent if they allow the same (improving) local search moves; we show that a minimal constraint graph still exists, but is NP-hard to compute.
We then develop several techniques to bound the length of any sequence of local search moves. We show that such a bound can be obtained from the numerical values of the constraints in the representation, and show how this bound may be tightened by considering equivalent representations. In the binary Boolean case, we prove that a degree 2 or treestructured constraint graph gives a quadratic bound on the number of improving moves made by any local search; hence, any landscape that can be represented by such a model will be tractable for any form of local search.
Finally, we build two families of examples to show that the conditions in our tractability results are essential. With domain size three, even just a path of binary constraints can model a landscape with an exponentially long sequence of improving moves. With a treewidth-two constraint graph, even with a maximum degree of three, binary Boolean constraints can model a landscape with an exponentially long sequence of improving moves.
Improvement in school absence after factor replacement in students with haemophilia in Upper Assam, India
Authors: Dutta Anupam , Boruah Dipjyoti , Dutta Taniya Sarkar , Boruah Angshuman , Dhal Bhabani Shankar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with haemophilia who are not adequately treated experience a lifetime burden of joint complications and loss of functional ability due to repeated bleeding episodes caused by low levels of clotting factor VIII or IX in the blood. These complications can significantly impact day-to-day life, including active participation in school and academic study in children with haemophilia (CwH). Treatment with factor replacement therapy can help to prevent this, but access to factor has been challenging in low-resource settings such as Northeast India. This study shows the impact of factor replacement therapy on bleeding episodes, joint complications and school absence among CwH in this setting.MethodsA retrospective observational study was undertaken to examine the impact of receiving regular factor replacement therapy (prophylaxis or on demand) on school absences among CwH registered with the haemophilia treatment centre at Assam Medical College and Hospital. Annual bleed rate (ABR), Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and Functional Independence Score in Haemophilia (FISH) were also assessed.ResultsThirty-eight CwH were eligible for the study; 26 (68.4%) were on prophylaxis therapy and 12 (31.5%) received on-demand therapy. In the year before starting regular treatment, the mean ABR was 37.8 (+20.0), HJHS was 31.1 (+18.1) and mean FISH score was 21.1 (+4.2). At the end of the study period the mean (+SD) ABR in prophylactic therapy was significantly lower at 5.8 (+4.6) (p<0.001) and the HJHS was significantly lower at 4.7 (+4.6). FISH score significantly improved to 27.9 (+3.3) (p<0.001). Prophylaxis showed better (but not significant) results in comparison to on-demand therapy.ConclusionsTreatment with factor replacement significantly reduces school absence in CwH and correlates strongly with joint health and functional improvement, with the effect slightly better with prophylaxis than on-demand therapy. Low dose prophylaxis is a good treatment option in low-resource settings, but improvements are also needed in rates of diagnosis.
Analysis on the Relationship Between the Media Literacy of Film & Television and the Innovation of Ideological and Political Education of Contemporary College Students
Authors: Yang Fan 
Published: November 2020

<p>Ideological and political education has always been playing an important role for the development of socialist ideological education in China, as well as the main means to grasp the social trends of thoughts and influence the construction of their social essential values. Based on the in-depth questionnaire and survey of 1000 college students, the author deeply believes that the college students' current reading habits, mainstream way of information acceptance and the external communication ways in China are characterized by networking, video personalization and some other new features. Nowadays, it is difficult to meet the college students' ideological and political education needs through the single way of traditional classroom education. In view of the changes of information acceptance and exchange of college students, this paper fully understands that the film &amp; television media are strengthening and improving their ideological and political education, and puts forward the relationship between "film &amp; television media literacy" and the innovation of ideological and political education of college students, which makes film and television media resources become new forms and highlights of ideological and political education of college students with positive energy and helps to improve the effect of ideological and political education on their moral education, ethics, art aesthetics and other aspects.</p>
Immature Pelvic Growth and Obesity
Authors: Ronayne Emma Theresa 
Published: November 2020

Adolescent pregnancy in youth aged 10-19 years is associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes for both the mother and infant than adult pregnancy. Obesity and immature pelvic growth compound the associated risks of adolescent pregnancy. Black and Indigenous youth in the United States (U.S.) experience disproportionately high rates of adolescent pregnancy and obesity. This research project aimed to answer two questions: (1) What are the contributing risks of pelvic immaturity and obesity on adverse outcomes in adolescent pregnancy, especially in the U.S.?; and (2) Why are Black and Indigenous youth at particular risk of adolescent pregnancy and obesity in the U.S.? In this research project, I have conducted statistical analyses of biological and sociocultural factors associated with adolescent pregnancy using the CDC WONDER database, and I have used case studies and ethnographic accounts to gain insight on Black and Indigenous youth experiences with adolescent pregnancy. In this paper I examine the racial disparities in rates of adolescent pregnancy, obesity, and adverse outcomes in the U.S. My paper contributes research to a current public health issue by using an integrative biocultural approach.
O Serviço Social na saúde em Portugal e os desafios da Covid-19
Authors: Carvalho Maria Irene 
Published: November 2020

Esta é uma reflexão realizada entre maio e julho de 2020 considerado 28 documentos e que teve como objetivo apresentar a prática do assistente social em saúde no contexto da Covid-19 em Portugal. Abordou-se as seguintes temáticas: Relação do Serviço Social com o sistema de saúde em Portugal; O Serviço Nacional de Saúde e o direito à saúde: o que temos?; Competências consolidadas do Serviço Social na saúde; O que mudou no Serviço Social da saúde com a Covid- 19?; Serviço Social em contexto hospitalar; Serviço Social na política de cuidados continuados integrados; e O antes e o depois da Covid-19. A Covid-19 alterou as rotinas e as práticas dos assistentes sociais colocando desafios até agora nunca experienciados. Estes profissionais tornaram-se agentes de saúde pública, comunicando, informando e mediando as respostas das instituições de saúde com as respostas da comunidade. O uso das novas tecnologias possibilitou o trabalho remoto e a intervenção, alterando os processos de intervenção. Por sua vez, os assistentes sociais, se orientaram mais para a satisfação das necessidades emergenciais da pandemia e menos para a promoção do desenvolvimento humano e social.
Yield curve dynamics with macroeconomic factors in Iberian economies
Authors: Maldonado Isabel , Pinho Carlos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the bidirectional relation between the term structure of interest rates components and macroeconomic factors. Using a factor augmented vector autoregressive model, impulse response functions and forecasting error variance decompositions we find evidence of a bidirectional relation between yield curve factors and the macroeconomic factors, with increased relevance of yield factors over it with increased forecasting horizons. The study was conduct for the two Iberian countries using information of public debt interest rates of Spain and Portugal and macroeconomic factors extracted from a set of macroeconomic variables, including indicators of activity, prices and confidence. Results show that the inclusion of confidence and macroeconomic factors in the analysis of the relationship between macroeconomics and interest rate structure is extremely relevant. The results obtained allow us to conclude that there is a strong impact of changes in macroeconomic factors on the term structure of interest rates, as well as a significant impact factors of the term structure in the future evolution of macroeconomic factors.