bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional heterogeneities of health literacy in China: a population-based study
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Tian Yongquan , Xiao Shuiyuan , Gong Zhicheng , Qian Long 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Few studies have described the geographic variation in health literacy in China. This study aimed to investigate the regional heterogeneities of health literacy levels in the Chinese population to formulate targeted health literacy promotion strategies in different economic and cultural contexts.Methods: Multi-stage stratification and cluster sampling were used to select 70 study sites from 25 provinces or municipalities in China in 2017. Health literacy was measured using the National Resident Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for the factors associated with the health literacy level in the overall and regional samples.Results: A total of 3,482 participants were included in the study, comprising 1,792 (51.5%) males and 1,690 (48.5%) females. Notable geographic variation was observed in health literacy levels. The proportion of respondents with adequate health literacy was 22.3% overall, 33.0% in the eastern region, 23.1% in the central region, and 17.6% in the western region. The proportion of adequate health literacy in the different provinces and municipalities ranged from 10.5%(Xinjiang) to 47.0%(Beijing). Being a female (odds ratio [OR]=1.360; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.153-1.605), having a high education level (OR=1.860; 95% CI: 1.671-2.070), having a high economic status (OR=1.353; 95% CI: 1.220-1.502), having a good self-rated health status (OR=1.263; 95% CI: 1.081-1.476), and having extensive community health education (OR=1.192; 95% CI: 1.034-1.374) were independently associated with adequate health literacy.Conclusions: The health literacy level of Chinese people is still low, and there are heterogeneities among different regions, between urban and rural areas, and among different social groups. Tailored health education and promotion strategies are needed for different subgroups of residents.
Direct Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles on Cysteine-rich Tags in Yeast Cells
Authors: Jiang Zhaodi , Jin Xiumei , Li Yuhua , Liu Sitong , Liu Xiao-Man , Wang Ying-Ying , Zhao Pei , Cai Xinbin , Liu Ying , Tang Yaqi , Sun Xiaobin , Liu Yan , Hu Yanyong , Li Ming , Cai Gaihong , Qi Xiangbing , Chen She , Du Li-Lin , He Wanzhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We developed a novel auto-nucleation suppressed mechanism (ANSM) for direct synthesis of EM-visible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on cysteine-rich tags (e.g., metallothionein) in cells for single-molecule detection with electron microscopy (it accompanies our Nature Method manuscript, Jiang et al. 2020 [1]). Both tagged-fusion proteins expressed in cells (e.g.bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells) and antigens stained with antibody-tag fusion proteins can be visualized by this protocol. Here we describe the typical protocols (both the chemical fixation and the high pressure freezing cases) developed for ANSM-based AuNP synthesis in yeast cells expressing metallothionein (MTn) tags (Figure 1). This approach should be useful for EM visualization of single-molecule in yeast cells, and easier adapted for bacterial cells.
Demonstration of improved plant growth and biomass production by At1g73160 promoter-controlled root-preferential expression of the AtGA20ox gene
Authors: Ly Linh Khanh , Bui Thao Phuong , Do Phat Tien , Le Anh Van Thi , Nguyen Phong Van , Pham Ngoc Bich , Zhang Zhanyuan J. , Chu Ha Hoang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Overexpression of the GA20 oxidase gene has been a recent trend for improving plant growth and biomass. Constitutive expression of GA20ox has successfully improved plant growth and biomass in several plant species. However, the constitutive expression of this gene causes side-effects, such as reduced leaf size and stem diameters. To avoid these effects, different tissue-specific promoters were identified and employed for GA20ox overexpression. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of At1g, a root-preferential promoter, for GA20ox expression to enhance plant biomass in tobacco and Melia azedarach.Results: We examined the utility of the At1g promoter to drive the expression of a GUS (β-1,4-glucuronidase) reporter and the GA20ox gene in tobacco and Melia azedarach. Histochemical GUS assays in tobacco showed that At1g was a root-preferential promoter whose expression was particularly strong in root tips. The ectopic expression of the AtGA20ox gene under the control of the At1g promoter showed improved plant growth and biomass of both tobacco and M. azedarach transgenic plants compared to wild-type (WT) control plants. Stem length as well as stem and root fresh weights increased by up to 1.5-3 fold in transgenic tobacco and 2-fold in transgenic M. azedarach. Both tobacco and M. azedarach transgenic plants showed increases in the root xylem width and xylem over phloem ratio by 50%–100% compared to WT plants. Importantly, no significant differences in the leaf shape or size were observed between the At1g::AtGA20ox transgenic and WT plants. Moreover, transgenic M. azedarach showed a 135% increase in stem diameter although no change was found in transgenic tobacco.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the great utility of the At1g promoter for driving the AtGA20ox gene to induce growth and biomass improvements in woody plants and potentially some other plant species.
Rural-urban disparities and factors associated with delayed care-seeking and testing for malaria before medication use by mothers of under-five children, Igabi LGA, Kaduna Nigeria
Authors: Babalola Obafemi Joseph , Ajumobi Olufemi , Ajayi IkeOluwapo O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Fever in under-five children (U5) is the commonest presenting complaint in general practice and mothers’ recognition is an entry point for fever treatment, including malaria. This study describes rural-urban disparity in fever prevalence in U5, mothers’ malaria knowledge, care-seeking, testing for malaria before antimalaria medication and the associated factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 630 mother-child pairs (rural (300) and urban (330)) selected randomly using a multi-stage sampling from 63 villages in Igabi LGA, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Trained female data collectors administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire to collect information on mother-child demographic profiles, malaria knowledge, fever episodes in birth order last child in two weeks prior to survey, blood testing before antimalaria use, and delayed care seeking defined as care sought for fever >48 hours of onset. Malaria knowledge was categorized into good, average, and poor if the final scores were ≥75th, 50th-74th, and <50th percentiles, respectively. Frequency, proportions, and odds ratio were calculated. Statistically significant was set at p-value <0.05. Results The median age (interquartile range) of rural mothers was 30 (IQR, 10) years compared to 27 (IQR, 6) years in urban. Of the 70.0% (441/629) U5 children with fever, 58.5% (258/441) were in rural settlements. A third of the mothers whose child had fever sought care. Mothers in rural settlements were 2.8 (adjusted OR: 2.8, CI: 1.8-4.2, p <0.01) times more likely to delay care-seeking for fever. Other significant factors were poor or no knowledge of malaria transmission, poor perception of malaria as a major health problem, and household size > 5. Also, mothers who had no formal education were four times likely to receive antimalaria medications without testing fever for malaria compared to their educated counterpart (adjusted OR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.6-9.9, p <0.000).Conclusions Rural-urban disparities existed between fever prevalence in U5 children, care-seeking practices by their mothers, and factors associated with delayed care-seeking and testing the fever for malaria before antimalaria medication. Fever treatment for high impact malaria elimination in Nigeria needs a context-specific intervention rather than ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach.
Effect of Inhibition of GLUT1 Expression and Autophagy Modulation on the Growth and Migration of Laryngeal Carcinoma Stem Cells Under Hypoxic and Low-Glucose Conditions
Authors: Chen Xiao-Hong , Liu Jia , Zhong Jiang-Tao , Zhou Shui-Hong , Fan Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Enhanced glucose uptake and autophagy are means by which cells adapt to stressful microenvironments. We investigated the roles of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and autophagy in laryngeal carcinoma stem cells under hypoxic and low-glucose conditions.Methods: CD133+ Tu212 laryngeal carcinoma stem cells were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting and subjected to hypoxic and/or low-glucose conditions. Proliferation was evaluated using a cell-counting kit and a clone-formation assay, and migration was evaluated through a Transwell assay. Autophagy was assessed via transmission electron microscopy. GLUT-1 and beclin-1 expression were silenced using an shRNA and autophagy was manipulated using rapamycin, 3-MA, or chloroquine. Gene expression levels were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and protein concentrations were assessing via Western blotting. Results: Compared to CD133– stem cells, CD133+ cells showed increased proliferation and migration, and reduced apoptosis, under hypoxic or low-glucose conditions. They also showed increased expression of GLUT-1 and autophagy markers. Finally, GLUT-1 knockdown or autophagy inhibition reduced their proliferation and migration.Conclusions: Enhanced glucose uptake and autophagy maintain the functions of CD133+ laryngeal carcinoma stem cells under hypoxic and low-glucose conditions.
Astrocytic IGF-1 and IGF-1R Orchestrate Mitophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Dabin Ren , Wei Chen , Liang Shu , Ke Cao , Zhihan Wang , Zheng Ping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Defective brain hormonal signaling and autophagy have been associated with neurodegeneration after brain insults, characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction. However, less studies have link them in the context of brain injury. Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important hormone that contributes to growth, cell proliferation and autophagy, also expressed in the brain.
Methods

We applied proteomics to investigate the role of astrocytic IGF-1 in TBI and related neuroprotective mechanisms.
Results

We found reduced plasma IGF-1 is correlated with cognition in TBI patients. Overexpression of astrocytic IGF-1 improves cognitive dysfunction in TBI mice and cocultured astrocytes prevent neuronal excitotoxicity with IGF-1 pathway dependent. At the molecular level, proteomics data show IGF-1 related NF-kB pathway transcriptionally regulates decapping mRNA2 (Dcp2) and miR-let-7, together with IGF-1R to orchestrate mitophagy in TBI. Finally, we demonstrate that TBI induces impaired mitophagy at the chronic stage and IGF-1 treatment could facilitate the mitophagy marker.
Conclusion

By showing that IGF-1 is an important mediator of the beneficial effect of neural-endocrine network in TBI models, our findings place IGF-1/IGF-1R as a potential target capable of non-coding RNAs and opposing mitophagy failure and cognition impairment in TBI.
A Network Pharmacology-based Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of Tanreqing in the Treatment of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Yang Liuliu , Wen Minyong , Zheng Wenjiang , Liu Xiaohong , wang yong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This paper discusses the molecular mechanism of Tanreqing (TRQ) in the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using the network pharmacology approach. Our study provides new ideas on the laboratory research and clinical treatment of the disease. Method: Information on the chemical constituents of TRQ and the genes targeted by the disease was collected. The common gene targets of the drug and the disease were input into the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins（STRING）database to understand the interaction among target proteins. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and a network of the chemical constituents of TRQ and their targets were constructed using Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed using the R program and other relevant software packages. Results: Twenty-eight active chemical constituents and 365 gene targets were identified for TRQ. Out of these genes, 113 were also found to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Enrichment analysis revealed the therapeutic role that TRQ could have played in the treatment of COVID-19, via the regulation of important pathways such as the renin–angiotension system, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, phospholipase D (PLD) signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study attempts to predict the molecular mechanism of TRQ in the treatment of COVID-19, and suggests TRQ intervention through multiple targets and pathways in processes including inflammatory response, immune regulation, and apoptosis during the treatment of the disease. This study indicates the potential rational application of TRQ in the clinical treatment of COVID-19.
A Comparative Analysis of Nosocomial Infections between Internal and Surgical Intensive Care Units of a University Hospital in Birjand, Iran from 2015 to 2016: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Azadeh , Allahyari Elaheh , Nikoomanesh Fatemeh , Zare_bidaki Majid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:The aim of this study was to investigate and then to compare the prevalence of nosocomial infections (NIs) in the patients admitted to the surgery and internal Intensive Care Units(ICU) as well as studying the risk factors involved.Methods:In this cross-sectional descriptive, patients admitted to ICUs were studied over a year .Clinical data of patients, including demographic information, length of stay, underlining disease, the rate of patient with NIs and distribution of NIs sites and pathogens were collected. Univariate and multivariate logestic regression were carried out to determine the factors associated with NIs.Results:A total of 1018 patients were studiedincluding surgical ICU (n = 665) and internal ICU (n = 353). The incidence rate of NI in surgical and internal ICUs was 67(10.1%) and 96(27.2%), respectively. The most common NI in the internal ICU were respiratory tract infections( RTI ,46.9%) and urinary tract infections (UTI, 37.5%), while in the surgical ICU, the most common infections were respiratory tract infections (RTI, 38.3%) and surgical-site infections (SSI, 22.0%), respectively. The major factors the length of stay and the use of nasogastric intubation (NG tubes) were associated with NIs in both ICUs.Conclusions:The incidence of infections in the internal ICU were more than the surgical ICU. Age, underlying diseases, the long stay, used of ventilator and NG tube were factors associated with NIs rate in internal ICU.Trial registration:This study was the result of two research works with ethics code (IR.BUMS.REC.1394-17 and IR.BUMS.REC.1394-27).
A Non-Synonymous Variant of Complement Factor B Associated with Risk of Chronic Hepatitis B in a Korean Population
Authors: Seo Jung Yeon , Shin Joong Gon , Youn Byeong Ju , Namgoong Suhg , Cheong Hyun Sub , Kim Lyoung Hyo , Kim Ji On , Shin Hyoung Doo , Kim Yoon Jun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B is known to cause several forms of liver diseases including chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previous genome-wide association study of CHB risk has demonstrated that rs12614 of complement factor B (CFB) was significantly associated with CHB risk. This association study was conducted in order to identify genetic effects of CFB single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to identify additional independent CHB susceptible causal markers within a Korean population.Methods: A total of 10 CFB genetic polymorphisms were selected and genotyped in 1,716 study subjects comprised of 955 CHB patients and 761 population controls. Results: A non-synonymous variant, rs12614 (Arg32Trp) in exon2 of CFB, had significant associations with risk of CHB (odds ratio = 0.43, P = 5.91×10-10). Additional linkage disequilibrium and conditional analysis confirmed that rs12614 had independent genetic effect on CHB susceptibility with previously identified CHB markers. The genetic risk scores (GRSs) were calculated and the CHB patients had higher GRSs than the population controls. Moreover, OR was found to increase significantly with cumulative GRS. Conclusions: rs12614 showed significant genetic effect on CHB risk within the Korean population. As such rs12614 may be used as a possible causal genetic variant for CHB susceptibility.
An ApiAP2 transcription factor influencing virulence gene transcription and sexual development in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Cubillos Eliana , Prata Isadora , Fotoran Wesley , Cardenas Nicolas , Alonso Diego , Ribolla Paulo , Ranford-Cartwright Lisa , Wunderlich Gerhard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum expresses variant PfEMP1 proteins on the infected erythrocyte, which function as ligands for endothelial receptors in capillary vessels, leading to erythrocyte sequestration and severe malaria. The factors that orchestrate the mono-allelic expression of the 50-60 PfEMP1-encoding var genes within each parasite genome are still not fully identified. Here, we show that the transcription factor PfAP2-O influences the transcription of var genes and other multigenic families. The temporary knockdown of PfAP2-O leads to a complete loss of var transcriptional memory and a decrease in cytoadherence. AP2-O-knocked down parasites exhibited also significant reductions in transmission through Anopheles mosquitoes. We propose that PfAP2-O is one of the major virulence gene transcriptional regulators and may, therefore, be exploited as an important target to disrupt severe malaria and block parasite transmission.
Low and High output power of 810nm Diode Laser: a new combined protocol to treat the Dentine Hypersensitivity evocated in presence of Non-Carious Cervical lesions.
Authors: Femiano Felice , Femiano Rossella , Femiano Luigi , Scotti Nicola , Sorice Rossella 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The current study evaluates the desensitizing effect of the combination of two different output powers and compares it with single power diode laser.Methods Sixty-nine non carious cervical lesions (NCCLs), responsible of pain by DH after application of test of cold stimulation, were considered for this research. Three study groups were established by analyzing only one lesion in 3 different selected quadrants of the oral cavity in order to obtain a minimum of 3 lesions per patient to treat individually with different therapeutic protocols. All treatment protocols were carried out using a diode laser with different power outcomes used singularly or in combination (810 nm, 5W). The pain by DH was evaluated at baseline, at treatment completion, at 15 days and at 3 months after each laser procedure. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon test for paired samples, one-way ANOVA test and unpaired t-test.Results The significant reduction of the mean VAS score has been estimated in each study group immediately, at 15 days and at 3 months’ time from the end of treatment and compared with the baseline mean VAS score (p-value < 0.0001). The best result concerning the improvement of DH symptomatology was assessed when a combined protocol of two different output powers of diode laser was used.Conclusions The author offers a new protocol of laser therapy combining two different output powers of the 810 nm diode laser to improve painful symptoms of DH from NCCL in the short and long term.
Mental Health and Marital Satisfaction Changes of Pregnant and Lactating Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gharagozloo Mahshid , Sadatmahalleh Shahideh Jahanian , Khomami Mahnaz Bahri , Moini Ashraf , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Women during pregnancy and in the first year after childbirth are vulnerable to mental disorders in the outbreaks of infectious diseases such as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). There is a relationship between mental health and marital satisfaction. This study aimed to assess mental health, anxiety, depression, and marital satisfaction among pregnant and lactating women and compared the results with non-pregnant/lactating (as control group) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.Methods: A cross-sectional study among married women in range of 18 to 45 years via online questionnaires was conducted from 20 March to 25 April, 2020. A total of 604 valid questionnaires were analyzed, including 200 pregnant women, 203 lactating women, and 201 non-pregnant/lactating women. Mental health, COVID-19-related anxiety, and marital satisfaction were respectively assessed by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS Scale). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: The scores of mental health problems in pregnant and lactating women were significantly higher than the control group (18.86±12.56 and 18.83±13.99 vs. 13.01±8.15, P<0.00). The total CDAS score in the control group was significantly less than pregnant women (30.87±10.56 vs. 26.05±6.12, P<0.001) and lactating women (30.80±11.37 vs. 26.05±6.12, P<0.001). The mean of marital satisfaction was significantly lower in the pregnant women (28.06±2.67 vs. 29.64±3.18, P < 0.001) and lactating women (28.74±3.58 vs. 29.64±3.18, p = 0.01) compared with the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the depression among three groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions: Pregnant and lactating women had more mental health problems, more anxiety and less marital satisfaction in comparison to non-pregnant/lactating women in the course of COVID-19 outbreaks. Further study is needed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 prevalence on mental health and marital satisfaction of pregnant and lactating women, considering the socioeconomic status.