bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSI-31 Impact of feeding increasing levels of dried distillers grains with solubles on Boer goat carcass characteristics
Authors: Pentz Abbey , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Little is known about effective feed formulation in meat goat diets. With the demand of goat meat rising, producers are looking for cost-efficient yet effective diet formulations to produce quality goat meat. The objective of this project was to evaluate carcass characteristics of Boer-influenced goats after being fed corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) as a replacement for soybean meal (SBM). It was hypothesized that high quantities of DDGS would decrease carcass quality, especially carcass yield. To test this hypothesis, 48 Boer-influenced goats (avg. weight 62.2lbs) were split evenly into 16 pens (3 goats/pen) and were fed an acclimation diet for 14 days. Pens were allocated to one of four treatments: 1) 0% SBM replaced by DDGS; 2) 33% SBM replaced by DDGS; 3) 66% SBM replaced by DDGS; and 4) 100% SBM replaced by DDGS. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Pens of goats were provided a self-feeder containing their respective treatments for 47 d. After the challenge was completed, the lightest and heaviest goat from each pen was then harvested in a USDA-inspected abattoir and carcass data collected. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS v9.4. Differences were considered significant if P &lt; 0.05. Dietary treatment did not impact (P &gt; 0.05) any measured carcass trait, including hot carcass weight (P = 0.67), percent carcass yield (P = 0.79), loin eye area (P = 0.51), loin eye depth (P = 0.98), backfat depth (P = 0.50), and body wall thickness (P = 0.65). These results yield a disproven hypothesis, but show that DDGS may be an economical feed ingredient for meat goat diets without negatively impacting carcass characteristics.
PSI-32 Impact of titrating levels of dried distillers grains with solubles as a replacement of soybean meal on Boer goat fat quality
Authors: Rimmer Linnea , Jones Cassandra K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to the rising goat population in the United States, there is growing economic incentive to feed dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) over soybean meal (SBM). However, there is limited knowledge of how this may affect carcass composition. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of titrating levels of DDGS as a replacement of SBM on Boer goat fatty acid profiles. Thirty-two Boer goat kids were fed isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets consisting of 0%, 33%, 66%, and 100% DDGS replacing SBM. There were no detected differences (P &gt; 0.05) in final body weight after a 47-d growth experiment. Goats were slaughtered in a commercial, USDA-inspected facility, backfat samples collected between the 12th and 13th rib, and samples analyzed for fatty acid profile via AOAC Official Method 996.06. Data were analyzed with goat as the experimental unit in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatment did not impact (P &gt; 0.05) the overall fatty acid profile or iodine value (50 to 52 points) of fat samples. This may be because fatty acids go through biohydrogenation by rumen bacteria, limiting the impact of diet on fatty acid profile. That said, increasing levels of DDGS impacted (P = 0.03) both C16:1 and C18:3 in a quadratic manner. Specifically, goats fed 0% and 100% DDGS replacing SBM had higher C16:1 than those fed intermediate levels of DDGS, while the opposite was true for C18:3. No other fatty acid was affected (P &gt; 0.05), nor were there shifts in the ratio of saturated vs. unsaturated, or the total sum of n-3 fatty acids. In summary, fatty acid profiles are not significantly impacted by increasing levels of DDGS in place of SBM, and therefore DDGS can be used in Boer goat diets without impacting fat quality.
PSIII-31 Effects of associative use of additives on performance, carcass characteristics and serum D-lactate in Nellore x Angus young bulls
Authors: Ladeira Marcio M , Junior Jose Maria Oliveira , Casagrande Daniel , Teixeira Priscilla , Homem Bruno , Soares David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of including virginiamycin or bacitracin in diets containing monensin or monensin plus virginiamycin and bacitracin on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot young bulls. Seventy-two young bulls, with an initial average body of 417 ± 38.7kg were allotted in a completely randomized design. The bulls were placed in 18 pens (four animals per pen), with three treatments and six experimental replicates. The diets consisted of 85% concentrate and 15% of corn silage, with 11.4% CP, 75.7% TDN and 18.4% NDF. The treatments were: MON, 25 ppm of monensin in the diet; MONB: monensin plus 8.75 ppm of zinc bacitracin; and MONVM monensin plus 25 ppm of virginiamycin. Feedlot had 109d, with 27d of adaptation and 82d of experimental period. Performance was measured by daily intake records and weighing at the beginning and end of the feedlot. After feedlot, animals were slaughtered to measure carcass traits. Serum D-lactate was collected on day 7 and 43 of the experimental period. There was no significant effect of the additives on performance and most of the carcass traits (Table 1). However, young bulls receiving MONVM tended to have greater LM area. On the other hand, MON diet tended to increase marbling. Finally, there was a tendency for treatment x time interaction (P &lt; 0.08) in the serum concentration of D-lactate. Bulls receiving MON had greater concentration on day 7 (109.5 µmol.µL-1), compared to other groups (66.7 and 89.9 µmol.µL-1 for MONB and MONVM, respectively). There was no effect of additives in the D-lactate content on day 43, being the treatments average 83.5 µmol.µL-1. In conclusion, the use of monensin and their association with virginiamycin or bacitracin did not affect performance but tend to influence carcass traits and serum D-lactate. Funded by Agroceres, Fapemig, CAPES, and CNPq.
PSVIII-42 Effect of presynchronization using prostaglandin F2α prior to a shortened progesterone exposure in fixed-timed AI of crossbred beef cows nursing calves
Authors: Rook Whitney L , Powell Jeremy , Cauble Reagan , Rorie Rick 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Presynchronization has been shown to improve AI pregnancy rates in dairy cattle, by improving the effectiveness of the initial GnRH treatment required for follicular control in estrous synchronization protocols. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of prostaglandin presynchronization in a fixed-timed AI (FTAI) protocol with a shortened progesterone exposure in beef cows. A total of 135 fall calving (September-November) crossbred beef cows from two locations were randomized to receive either: A) prostaglandin (25mg; Lutalyse, Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI) administered two days prior to synchronization with GnRH (100mg; Factrel, Zoetis) and progesterone (1.38g P4; CIDR, Zoetis) for 6 days, or B) Control, the same synchronization protocol without Lutalyse pretreatment. On day 6 (Day 0: CIDR insertion) CIDR was removed and 25mg of prostaglandin was administered and 72 hours later fixed-timed AI with concurrent injection of 100mg of GnRH. Conventional frozen semen from Simmental-Angus sires was used for AI and fertile Angus bulls were used for pasture exposure. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasound 30 days after AI and again 30 days after clean-up bull exposure for 30 days. Statistical analysis was performed using the frequency procedure of SAS (Cary, NC) and significance was set at X2 &lt; 0.05. Pregnancy rate to timed AI was 71.4% for Treatment A compared to 80.3% for Treatment B (Control). Although these results were greater than previously reported at these research stations, there was no statistical difference (X2=0.23) between treatments. Overall pregnancy rates tended to be different (X2=0.06) and were potentially influenced by treatment or shortened exposure to progesterone in synchronization. Research supported by University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture.
PSVIII-35 The impact of daughter pregnancy rate on the reproductive efficiency of Brazilian dairy herds
Authors: Carmo Adriana S , Santos Marcello , Braga Larissa , Mascioli Arthur 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In tropical countries, it is common to import semen from dairy taurine cattle breeds based on the genetic evaluations carried out in the countries of origin. Therefore, the objective of this study is to verify if the selection of sires based on the DPR (daughter pregnancy rate) estimated in the US genetic evaluation implies on the reduction of the days open of their daughters in Brazil. Data were collected from 325 daughters of 42 Holstein bulls stratified by DPR (DPR &lt; -2, DPR &gt; -2 and &lt; 0, DPR &gt; 0 and &lt; 2, Group DPR &gt; 2). The DPR data was collected from the 2018 US genetic evaluation of Holstein cattle. Each sire had in the database at least 4 daughters of reproductive age, raised in Freestall system and submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination. All the daughters evaluated were from the same farm. To compare the number of days open of each DPR group, a Tukey test with a 0.05 level of significance was performed. The results are shown in Table 1. The results demonstrated the selection of sires based on DPRs estimated in the US genetic evaluation impacts positively Brazilian herds, reducing cows days open.
PSVIII-20 Univariate Genomic Prediction with Different Heritability, QTL and SNP Panel Scenarios using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Peters Sunday O , Sinecen Mahmut , Kizilkaya Kadir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A simulation study was carried out to determine the likely accuracy of genomic prediction from univariate artificial neural network model with 1 to 10 neurons (ANN-1–10) using the SNPs on the first chromosome of Brangus beef cattle for 50% genetically correlated two traits with heritabilities of 25% and 50% (T1h2=0.25 and T2h2=0.5) determined either by 50, 100, 250 or 500 QTL. After QTL were created by randomly selecting 50, 100, 250 and 500 SNPs from the 3361 SNPs of 719 animals, their effects were sampled from a bivariate normal distribution. The breeding value of animal i in each QTL scenario was generated as Σgijβ j where gij is the genotype of animal i at QTL j and the vector of β j has the effects of QTL j from a bivariate normal distribution for T1h2=0.25 and T2h2=0.5. Phenotypic values (Σgijβ j+ei) of animal i for traits were generated by adding residuals (ei) from a bivariate normal distribution to the Σgijβ j of animal i. Genomic predictions for T1h2=0.25 and T2h2=0.5 were carried out by univariate Feed Forward MultiLayer Perceptron ANN-1–10 neurons. Three sets of SNP panels were used for genomic prediction: only QTL genotypes (Panel1), all SNP markers, including the QTL (Panel2), and all SNP markers, excluding the QTL (Panel3). Correlations between phenotypes and predicted phenotypes from 10-fold cross validation for T1h2=0.25 and T2h2=0.5 were used to assess predictive ability of univariate ANN-1–10 neurons based on 4 QTL scenarios with 3 Panels of SNP panels. Table 1 shows that genomic predictions from the trait with high heritability can achieve higher correlation than those from the trait with low heritability. Panels including SNP markers perform better prediction than Panel1 and have a greater chance of including markers in LD with QTL and allow the possibility of predicting each QTL from collective action of several markers.
PSVIII-30 Relationship of molecular breeding value for beef tenderness on heifer traits through weaning their first calf
Authors: Bennett Gary L , Cushman Robert , McNeel Anthony K , Casas Eduardo , Smith Timothy P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Selection for beef carcass traits using SNP may have off-target effects on reproduction. Composite cattle (MARC III) were selected for SNP affecting beef tenderness. Selection increased minor allele frequency of a polymorphism in calpastatin (CAST) and changed frequencies of three common haplotypes in µ-calpain (CAPN1) towards 0.33 resulting in heifers of all 18 (3 CAST × 6 CAPN1) genotypes. The minor allele frequency for a diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) polymorphism was also increased but was not expected to affect beef tenderness. About 60 heifers were retained over 3 years (N = 187). Retention was based on representing the entire genotypic distribution. Contemporary steers from the population were harvested and measured for meat tenderness using slice shear force. Steer data were used to predict molecular breeding values (MBVSSF; 0.0 to 4.1 kg) for the heifers based on CAST and CAPN1. Traits were analyzed with linear covariates for MBVSSF and number of DGAT1 K alleles (0, 1, or 2), fixed effects appropriate for the trait, and random sire of heifer effects. A 1.0 kg increase in heifer MBVSSF was associated (P ≤ 0.05) with 5.6 ± 2.8 d earlier puberty and a 0.73 ± 0.36 kg increase in birth weight of their first calf. Pregnancy rates were not affected but would have had to exceed 5 to 6 % per kg MBVSSF to be significant. A larger experiment would be needed to detect differences that are smaller but still economically important. Regression coefficients for DGAT1 were significant for pre-calving hip height (0.78 ± 0.37 cm) and 26-mo weight (7.2 ± 3.6 kg). Within the precision of this experiment, selecting for more tender MBVSSF or for DGAT1 appears to have little negative effect on economically important traits in heifers but may increase age at puberty. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
PSVIII-34 Identification of copy number variants in Curraleiro Pé Duro breed
Authors: Carmo Adriana S , Santos Gabriel , Teixeira Ana Lúcia , Silva Marcelo , Moura Maria Ivete , Mascioli Arthur , Fioravanti Maria Clorinda 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Locally adapted cattle herds such as Curraleiro Pé Duro (CDP) are rustic and adapted to the tropics and are able to survive in extreme environmental conditions such as the Brazilian Semi-Arid region. The study aimed to identify copy number variants (CNVs) possibly related to CPD adaptive traits. A total of 126 CPD animals were genotyped using the Illumina Bovine50K Genotyping BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). To reduce false positives, the LRR of each SNP was adjusted for the GC content of 1 Mb window surrounding the SNP and PennCNV software was applied to 29 autosomes to detect CNVs. All samples with standard deviation of LRR &gt; 0.30, standard deviation of BAF &gt; 0.001, wave factor &gt; 0.05, samples with &gt; 150 CNVs and CNVs presenting length &lt; 50kb were discarded for downstream analysis. BEDtools suite was used to map CNVs onto genes using the BioMart tool (Bos taurus UMD 3.1 assembly). Gene lists were mapped onto curated biological process and gene categories using the PANTHER classification system. 635 CNVs were identified after quality control of the autosomal chromosomes (51 deletions and 584 insertions). The CNVs length ranged from 50.6 kb (BTA20) up to 1,362 kb (BTA7) with a mean and median of 179.4 kb and 148.8 kb, respectively, corresponding to 0.03% of the bovine genome. The CNVs identified were overlapping with 339 genes, which we can highlight GRIK2 (BTA9:48476204), PCDH18 (BTA17:20336068), IGF2 (BTA4:32077891) previously reported in the literature as involved with flight time (temperament), rectal temperature and reproduction, respectively. The functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the main enriched pathways (P &lt; 0.05) were regulation of biogenesis (GO:0071840) and catalytic activities (GO 0005198). The CNVs identified as potentially related to adaptive traits may be used to select animals of higher adaptive value to a tropical environment.
PSVIII-32 Estimates of genetic parameters for sub-primal and meat quality traits in Canadian commercial crossbred swine populations
Authors: Opoku Prince P , Roy Bimol , Plastow Graham , Lei huaigang , Zhang Chunyan , Bruce Heather L , Guan Le Luo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The hypothesis that genetic relationships exist between loin muscle collagen characteristics and sub-primal and meat quality traits was tested. Data from 500 pigs from crosses between Duroc sires and hybrid Large White ✕ Landrace sows with pedigree back to about eight generations were used. Significant fixed effects (slaughter group and company) and a random additive effect were fitted in bivariate animal models to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations using ASReml 4.1. Moderate heritabilities were obtained for sub-primal traits ranging from 0.21 for bone weight to 0.44 for loin muscle weight with a low estimate of 0.10 being obtained for loin weight. Meat quality traits were low to moderately heritable with the highest estimate being found for intramuscular fat (0.42). The heritability estimates for percentages of heat soluble and insoluble collagen were 0.12 and 0.15, respectively, while 0.33 was found for total collagen. Moderate to relatively high heritabilities imply the possibility of improving these traits through selective breeding. In general, moderate to high phenotypic and genetic correlations were obtained for sub-primal traits, whilst meat quality traits had moderate phenotypic and moderate to high genetic correlations. Strong negative genetic correlations between moisture traits and fat traits and a further negative correlation between fat and muscling traits were estimated confirming that selecting for improved muscling over time can negatively affect fat traits and indirectly decrease meat eating quality. The strong genetic correlation between pH and L* (-0.95) suggested possible pleiotropic gene effects on these traits. Warner-Braztler shear force (WBSF) had moderate genetic correlations with insoluble collagen (0.42) and soluble collagen (-0.38) suggesting a potential relationship between some of the genes impacting these traits. Genetic correlations between WBSF and collagen characteristics indicate that despite the relative youthfulness of pigs at slaughter, genetic selection for collagen solubility may decrease pork toughness.
PSVIII-15 Polymorhpism of dysferlin gene in chickens
Authors: Krutikova Anna , Plemyashov Kirill , Dementeva Natalia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dysferlin is associated with the formation of the muscle membrane, is involved in the repair of the muscle membrane and the regulation of myoblast fusion. In humans, mutations in the dysferlin gene lead to various types of muscle pathologies. The effect of dysferlin on the formation of muscle structures was detected in the early stages of embryonic development. We have suggested that mutations in the dysferlin gene in chickens can have a negative effect on the formation of muscle mass and meat traits of chickens. SNP rs16455118 was studied on chickens of different breeds and hybrids of broilers and layers. Body weight was controlled in 7, 49 and 330 days. Layers were used as a contrast. Standard indicators of egg traits (age of the first egg laying, egg production for 6 months, egg weight) were studied. SNP rs16455118 leads to the replacement of adenine by cytosine in the intron of the dysferlin gene. The GWAS method was used. As a result, the association of SNP in the dysferlin gene with meat traits in chickens was not found. But a statistically significant association of certain genotypes with egg trait in Russian white chickens was determined. Chickens with the AA and AC genotypes had more eggs compared to their peers with the SS genotype during the reference period. The difference was 10 eggs an average of (P ≤ 0.05). Project number: AAAA-A18-118021590138-1
PSIII-23 Nutrient and Maillard reaction product concentrations of commercially available pet foods and treats
Authors: Oba Patricia M , Hwisa Nagait , Huang Xinhe , Cadwallader Keith , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Exposing ingredients to high temperatures may result in chemical reactions between amino acids and sugars, leading to the formation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs). These products may result in altered palatability, protein quality, and digestibility. This experiment quantified key MRPs in commercial pet foods, estimated daily intake of MRPs of pet animals, and correlated MRPs with macronutrient concentrations present in the foods. The analysis included 53 pet foods and treats commercially available in the United States: 11 dry dog foods, 29 wet dog foods, 2 dry dog treats, 3 wet dog treats, 2 dry cat foods, and 6 wet cat foods. Diets and treats were analyzed for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (CP), acid-hydrolyzed fat, total dietary fiber, and gross energy using standard techniques. MRPs were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the GLM procedure of SAS 9.4. On average, wet foods had higher (P &lt; 0.001) fructoselysine (FRUC) and carboxymethyllysine (CML) than dry foods. Dry dog treats had the highest (P &lt; 0.001) FRUC (29.64 µg/g) and CML (0.47 mg/g) concentrations of all products tested. Dry cat foods had the lowest (P &lt; 0.001) CML (0.10 mg/g) concentrations of all commercial segments. Wet dog treats had the highest (P &lt; 0.001) 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) (10.92 µg/g) concentrations of all segments and wet cat foods had the lowest (P &lt; 0.001) HMF (0.22 µg/g) content. Dogs and cats fed wet diets would be more likely to ingest higher amounts of CML and FRUC compared to animals fed dry diets. Dogs consuming dry treats would be more likely to ingest higher amounts of CML than wet treats. CP was negatively correlated to HMF (P = 0.0425; r = -0.27973), while TSF was positively correlated to CML (P = 0.0417; r = 0.28080).
PSIII-19 Effects of extrusion on true metabolizable energy, standardized amino acid digestibility, and chick growth assay of red and white sorghum
Authors: Schaumburg Patrick von 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aims of this experiment were to determine the energy value of raw grains [corn (CO), red sorghum (RS), white sorghum (WS)], in comparison to the energy values of the same grains post-extrusion. Cecectomized roosters were precision-fed up to 30g of either raw or extruded grains, then placed into individual cages with a collection tray underneath to catch excreta. After 48h, the excreta was collected and analyzed for N, gross energy, amino acids and dry matter. TMEn was highest (P &lt; 0.05) for extruded WS (3.99 kcal/g) and lowest for raw WS (3.79 kcal/g), whereas extruded CO (3.89 kcal/g), and extruded RS (3.89 kcal/g) did not differ from raw RS (3.83 kcal/g) and raw CO (3.82 kcal/g). This indicates that there was greater utilization of the extruded grains compared to the raw, especially for WS. Amino acids were measured in the grains and the excreta to determine the digestibility. In addition to the rooster assay, a chick growth assay was conducted using Ross 308 male broiler chicks. The study lasted 14d, with average initial chick BW being 149.1g ± 0.048. The experimental diets consisted of inclusion of raw and extruded grains, respectively, added at direct substitution of corn. The results of the chick trial appear to be controversial to the rooster assay. The extruded CO and extruded WS diets were similar (P &gt; 0.05) in weight gain compared to raw CO (660.84g, 665.70g, and 690.13g, respectively). Extruded WS had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) feed intake (973.3g), with raw RS having the lowest (847.44g). Raw CO had the greatest (P &lt; 0.05) G:F, with extruded WS being lowest (P &lt; 0.05); 754.63g and 683.75g, respectively. In conclusion, the chick growth assay showed superior weight gain in the extruded CO and WS diets, however, the extruded diets were least successful in G:F compared to the raw.