bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhesive small bowel obstruction – an update
Authors: Tong Jia Wei Valerie , Lingam Pravin , Shelat Vishalkumar Girishchandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSmall bowel obstruction (SBO) accounts for 12–16% of emergency surgical admissions and 20% of emergency surgical procedures. Even with the advent of laparoscopic surgery, intra‐abdominal adhesions remain a significant cause of SBO, accounting for 65% of cases. History and physical examination are essential to identify signs of bowel ischemia as this indicates a need for urgent surgical exploration. Another critical aspect of evaluation includes establishing the underlying cause for obstruction and distinguishing between adhesive and non‐adhesive etiologies as adhesive SBO (ASBO) can be managed non‐operatively in 70–90% of patients. A patient with a history of abdominopelvic surgery along with one or more cardinal features of obstruction should be suspected to have ASBO until proven otherwise. Triad of severe pain, pain out of proportion to the clinical findings, and presence of an abdominal scar suggest possible closed‐loop obstruction. Computed tomography has higher sensitivity and specificity compared to plain films and is recommended by the Bologna guidelines. Correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalance is an initial crucial step to mitigate severe hypovolemia. Patients should proceed with surgery if symptoms of bowel compromise are present, or if symptoms do not resolve or have worsened. Surgery is indicated in patients with ischemia, strangulation, perforation, peritonitis, or failure of non‐operative treatment. With advances in minimal access technology and increasing experience, laparoscopic adhesiolysis is recommended. Mechanical adhesion barriers are an effective measure to prevent adhesion formation.
Novel LDPE/vermiculite/ciclopiroxolamine hybrid nanocomposites: Structure, surface properties, and antifungal activity
Authors: Holešová Sylva , Čech Barabaszová Karla , Hundáková Marianna , Plevová Eva , Kalendová Alena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe increasing number of indwelling medical materials and devices are connected with infections caused by yeast, especially Candida albicans. This pathogen produces biofilms on synthetic materials, which facilitates adhesion of the organisms to devices and renders them relatively refractory to medical therapy. Since antimicrobial polymer nanocomposites present one of the promising possibilities, this study explores a new approach to achieving this goal by developing nanocomposite based on low density polyethylene (LDPE) with clay mineral vermiculite as an active carrier for antifungal compound. The set of LDPE/clay nanocomposite with increasing amount of antifungal nanofiller was prepared by melt compounding procedure. As antifungal agent was selected generally used active substance ciclopiroxolamine and this compound was loaded into natural vermiculite through ultrasound technique. The structure of all prepared samples was studied by X‐ray diffraction analysis and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. Further thermal properties of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and the surface properties were evaluated by light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. From mentioned characteristics, we conclude that presence of nanofiller in LDPE primarily causes shift of thermal degradation to higher temperatures and increasing of microhardness. All prepared LDPE nanocomposites possess an excellent and prolonged antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
Impact of processing conditions and sizing on the thermomechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/carbon fiber composites fabricated by material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Savandaiah Chethan , Maurer Julia , Gall Markus , Haider Andreas , Steinbichler Georg , Sapkota Janak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor the 3D printed composites, fiber alignment is affected by the direction of melt‐flow during extrusion of filaments and subsequently through the printing nozzle. The resulting fibers orientation and the fiber‐matrix compatibility have a direct correlation with mechanical properties. This study investigates the impact of processing conditions on the state of the carbon fiber types and their orientation on the mechanical properties of 3D‐printed composites. Short and long carbon fibers were used as starting reinforcing materials, and the state of fibers at the beginning and on the printed parts were evaluated. Strong anisotropy in terms of mechanical properties (flexural and impact properties) was observed for the samples printed with different printing orientations. Interestingly, the number of voids in the printed composites was found to be correlated with the fiber types. The present work provides a step towards the optimization of tailored composite properties by additive manufacturing.
Authority and priority signals in automatic summary generation for online reputation management
Authors: Rodríguez‐Vidal Javier , Carrillo‐de‐Albornoz Jorge , Gonzalo Julio , Plaza Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOnline reputation management (ORM) comprises the collection of techniques that help monitoring and improving the public image of an entity (companies, products, institutions) on the Internet. The ORM experts try to minimize the negative impact of the information about an entity while maximizing the positive material for being more trustworthy to the customers. Due to the huge amount of information that is published on the Internet every day, there is a need to summarize the entire flow of information to obtain only those data that are relevant to the entities. Traditionally the automatic summarization task in the ORM scenario takes some in‐domain signals into account such as popularity, polarity for reputation and novelty but exists other feature to be considered, the authority of the people. This authority depends on the ability to convince others and therefore to influence opinions. In this work, we propose the use of authority signals that measures the influence of a user jointly with (a) priority signals related to the ORM domain and (b) information regarding the different topics that influential people is talking about. Our results indicate that the use of authority signals may significantly improve the quality of the summaries that are automatically generated.
Anatase TiO2 with Co‐exposed (001) and (101) Surface‐Based Photocatalytic Materials for Energy Conversion and Environmental Purification
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Sun Jing , Wang Xikui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnatase TiO2 with co‐exposed (001) and (101) surfaces [(001)‐(101)‐TiO2], as a semiconductor photocatalyst in crystal plane control engineering, has become a research hotspot in environmental purification and energy conversion due to its strong physicochemical stability, non‐toxic and harmless, and low production cost. This review briefly introduces the basic principles and influencing factors of [(001)‐(101)‐TiO2]. On this basis, the effect of heterostructures formed by different materials and modification methods on its photocatalytic activity are elaborated in detail. Mainly formed heterostructures mentioned in this review include oxygen vacancy/Ti3+‐[(001)‐(101)‐TiO2] heterostructures, noble metal‐[(001)‐(101)‐TiO2] heterostructures, metal sulfide‐[(001)‐(101)‐TiO2] heterostructures, metal oxide‐[(001)‐(101)‐TiO2] heterostructures and carbon material‐[(001)‐(101)‐TiO2] heterostructures. The light absorption range and charge separation mechanism of (001)‐(101)‐TiO2 after modification are discussed. Moreover, the application of photocatalytic redox reaction in simulating photosynthesis to prepare new energy (hydrogen evolution and CO2 reduction), environmental purification and sterilization is introduced in detail. Finally, various measures of designing (001)‐(101)‐TiO2 nanostructures for further applications in energy production and environmental remediation are discussed.
Defect Compensation Weakening Induced Mobility Enhancement in Thermoelectric BiTeI by Iodine Deficiency
Authors: Li Zhou , Zhao Chenxi , Xiao Chong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarrier mobility (weighted mobility more specifically) of thermoelectrics fundamentally determines its power factor, representing a new cut‐in point to optimize the thermoelectric performance. However, researches on enhancing the carrier mobility to improve power factor has been overlooked. In present work, we highlight a significant mobility enhancement in BiTeI by introducing I deficiency, which improves the power factor and final ZT value. A defect compensation weakening mechanism is adopted that the induced I vacancies reduce the concentration of intrinsic
and
antisite defects, which weakens the donor‐acceptor defect compensation and suppresses the defects‐induced carrier scattering. As a result, the carrier mobility is obviously enhanced in I‐deficient samples, which ensures an effectively improved power factor and final ZT. A maximum ZT of 0.57 is achieved at 570 K perpendicular to the pressing direction, which is superior to pristine BiTeI and among the highest values reported for bulk BiTeI‐based thermoelectric materials. Present work opens up a new avenue for thermoelectric optimization mainly by mobility enhancement.
Oxygen Vacancy Engineering in Titanium Dioxide for Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Shan , He Hanna , Xie Chunlin , Tang Yougen , He Chuanxin , Shao Minhua , Wang Haiyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its low cost, natural abundance, nontoxicity, and excellent electrochemical stability. Oxygen vacancies, the most common point defects in TiO2, can dramatically influence the physical and chemical properties of TiO2, including band structure, crystal structure and adsorption properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that oxygen‐deficient TiO2 can significantly enhance sodium storage performance. Considering the importance of oxygen vacancies in modifying the properties of TiO2, the structural properties, common synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, as well as the contribution of oxygen‐deficient TiO2 on initial Coulombic efficiency, cyclic stability, rate performance for sodium storage are comprehensively described in this review. Finally, some perspectives on the challenge and future opportunities for the development of oxygen‐deficient TiO2 are proposed.
Observer‐based model reference control of Takagi–Sugeno–Lipschitz systems affected by disturbances using quadratic boundedness
Authors: Yang Ruicong , Rotondo Damiano , Puig Vicenç 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a model reference control strategy is proposed in order to perform trajectory tracking in Takagi–Sugeno–Lipschitz (TSL) systems. Since the state vector is assumed not to be completely available for measurement, a proportional observer is added to the control scheme in order to apply an estimate‐feedback control action instead of a state‐feedback one. The overall design of both the controller and the observer gains are performed using a Lyapunov‐based quadratic boundedness specification, in order to improve the robustness against unknown exogenous disturbances. It is shown that the conditions that ensure convergence within ellipsoidal regions of the tracking and estimation errors can be expressed in the form of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation. The effectiveness of the developed control strategy is demonstrated by means of simulation results.
A Neuroimaging Preparation Protocol Tailored for Autism
Authors: Tziraki Maria , Garg Shruti , Harrison Emma , Wright Neville B. , Hawkes Rob , Akhtar Kapasi , Green Jonathan , Stivaros Stavros 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the key basic elements required for a successful multi‐parametric MRI data acquisition in awake children with autism. The procedure was designed by taking into account methodological challenges arising from the acquisition of Resting State fMRI (RS fMRI) data, and factors such as cost, time, and staff availability. The ultimate aim was to prepare an imaging preparation protocol with high transferability to the whole autism spectrum, adaptable for use in a multi‐site research with multiple time points. As part of a randomized pharmaco‐intervention study, 31 children aged 4–10 years with Neurofibromatosis 1 and autism underwent MR imaging at baseline and end of intervention. The protocol consisted of tailored habituation instructions including gradual exposure to scanner noise, a social stories booklet, positive incentive strategies, and Play Therapy support. Success rate for initial acquisition was 71% for GABA+ MR spectroscopy at either location, 87% for perfusion, and 67% for diffusion assessment, and 71% for RS fMRI. Qualitative data indicated that 84% parents found the habituation protocol helpful.Lay SummaryHere we describe a protocol for brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tailored for children with ASD to help reduce stress and avoid sedation during scanning. This procedure can make advanced medical imaging more accessible and promote a better MRI experience for families of children with ASD.
Neue Tabellen zur Brandschutzbemessung von Stahlbetonwänden für EN 1992‐1‐2
Authors: Zehfuß Jochen , Betz Christina , Felix Dominik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie Brandschutzbemessung von tragenden Stahlbetonwänden kann nach DIN EN 1992‐1‐2 [1] mittels Bemessungstabellen, vereinfachten oder allgemeinen Rechenverfahren erfolgen. Die in der aktuellen Version des Eurocodes 2 Teil 1‐2 (DIN EN 1992‐1‐2) [1] enthaltene Bemessungstabelle für tragende Wände wurde in vereinfachter Form aus DIN 4102‐4 von 1994 [2] übernommen. Die Bemessungstabelle enthält jedoch einige Einschränkungen. So sind lediglich zwei Lastausnutzungsgrade tabelliert. Weiterhin wurde bei der Übertragung der Bemessungstabelle aus DIN 4102‐4 eine mögliche Erhöhung der Lastausnutzung durch das semiprobabilistische Sicherheitskonzept im Vergleich zu den auf dem globalen Sicherheitskonzept basierenden Werten der DIN 4102‐4 nicht berücksichtigt. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der Anwendungsbereich der Bemessungstabelle für Betonwände in DIN EN 1992‐1‐2 derzeit begrenzt ist.In einem von der Initiative Praxisgerechte Regelwerke im Bauwesen (PRB) geförderten Forschungsvorhaben [3] wurden neue Bemessungstabellen für die Brandschutzbemessung von einseitig und zweiseitig brandbeanspruchten, tragenden Betonwänden für einen baupraktisch relevanten Anwendungsbereich entwickelt. Dabei wurde eine größere Vielfalt hinsichtlich der Lastausnutzungsgrade und unterschiedlicher Lagerungsbedingungen berücksichtigt. Damit soll dem bemessenden Ingenieur ein einfach anzuwendendes Bemessungsverfahren zur Verfügung gestellt werden, mit dem die Brandschutzbemessung von Betonwänden wirtschaftlich optimiert und sicher erfolgen kann. Teile der neu entwickelten Bemessungstabellen fließen direkt in die novellierte Fassung der prEN 1992‐1‐2 [4] ein [5]. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Grundlagen, das Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung sowie der Vorschlag der neuen Bemessungstabellen dargestellt.
A multisensor approach for improved protein A load phase monitoring by conductivity‐based background subtraction of UV spectra
Authors: Rolinger Laura , Rüdt Matthias , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReal‐time monitoring and control of protein A capture steps by process analytical technologies (PATs) promises significant economic benefits due to the improved usage of the column's binding capacity, by eliminating time‐consuming off‐line analytics and costly resin lifetime studies, and enabling continuous production. The PAT method proposed in this study relies on ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy with a dynamic background subtraction based on the leveling out of the conductivity signal. This point in time can be used to collect a reference spectrum for removing the majority of spectral contributions by process‐related contaminants. The removal of the background spectrum facilitates chemometric model building and model accuracy. To demonstrate the benefits of this method, five different feedstocks from our industry partner were used to mix the load material for a case study. To our knowledge, such a large design space, which covers possible variations in upstream condition besides the product concentration, has not been disclosed yet. By applying the conductivity‐based background subtraction, the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of the partial least squares (PLS) model improved from 0.2080 to 0.0131 g . Finally, the potential of the background subtraction method was further evaluated for single wavelength‐based predictions to facilitate implementation in production processes. An RMSEP of 0.0890 g with univariate linear regression was achieved, showing that by subtraction of the background better prediction accuracy is achieved then without subtraction and a PLS model. In summary, the developed background subtraction method is versatile, enables accurate prediction results, and is easily implemented into existing chromatography setups with typically already integrated sensors.
Fat compartments in patients with depression: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cosan Alisa S. , Schweiger Julietta U. , Kahl Kai G. , Hamann Bettina , Deuschle Michael , Schweiger Ulrich , Westermair Anna L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionDepressive disorders are a common illness worldwide. Major depression is known as a significant predictor of the metabolic syndrome. However, the effects of depression on adipose tissue compartments are controversial. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the state of research on the relationship between patients with depression and adipose tissue compartments as compared to nondepressed individuals.MethodsThe PubMed database was searched for human studies that measured adipose tissue compartments such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and/or organ‐specific adipose tissue measurements using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan and reported the means and a measure of variance separately for depressed individuals and healthy controls. Twelve articles were identified, including a total of 1,141 depressed and 2,545 nondepressed individuals.ResultsMajor depressive disorder and self‐reported depressive symptoms were associated with elevated visceral adipose tissue and elevated subcutaneous adipose tissue. Subanalyses for gender, age, method of adipose tissue measurement, and method of depression assessment showed elevated visceral adipose in depressed individuals. The results could be replicated when focussing on studies controlling for body mass index (BMI). Regarding other adipose tissue compartments, meta‐analysis could not be carried out due to lack of studies.ConclusionsDepression is associated with enlarged visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Further, especially longitudinal, research is needed to identify the mechanism through which depressive disorders contribute to visceral adiposity.
Close the loop: Evidence on the implementation of the circular economy from the Italian fashion industry
Authors: Colucci Mariachiara , Vecchi Alessandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFashion is widely considered as one of the most polluting and destructive industries to the environment and is a resource‐intensive industry in which opportunities to reduce environmental impacts abound. By relying on an exploratory approach, this paper features an investigation into the circular economy (CE) practices of four purposefully selected Italian fashion companies. The study endorses the overlooked perspective of the product lifecycle (vis‐à‐vis the business model perspective), consistent with the key principles of the CE, to provide a comprehensive picture of CE practices implemented. This study engages with the current debate on the relationship between the concepts of sustainability and CE, supporting the idea that there is a beneficial relation between the two. The analysis shows the emergence of categories of CE‐related practices as well as CE implementation challenges. The study also provides granular insights into the nature of these challenges that hinder the implementation of CE and demonstrates how they can be turned into sources of competitive advantage. Drawing on this emblematic evidence, we develop a set of theoretical and managerial implications.
The sustainable start‐up paradox: Predicting the business and climate performance of start‐ups
Authors: Leendertse Jip , van Rijnsoever Frank J. , Eveleens Chris P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSustainable start‐ups introduce new sustainable technologies and business models that facilitate the transition to a carbon neutral economy. To understand how to create viable sustainable start‐ups, we study what factors predict their business performance and climate performance (i.e., the ability of the start‐up to reduce CO2 equivalent [CO2e] emissions) and if these contradict. A critical factor we consider is technology, which is commonly at the root of climate performance, and important for business performance because it influences a start‐up's competitive advantage. Using a sample of 197 sustainable start‐ups, we find a paradox between business and potential climate performance. Start‐ups that exploit hardware technologies have a lower business performance but a higher potential climate performance. Through the use of mediating effects, we show that the sustainable start‐up paradox is context specific. Start‐ups can partly escape this paradox by focusing on novel and hardware technologies. We discuss implications for theory and practice.
Ungual hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium cugenangense
Authors: Hirose Miki , Noguchi Hiromitsu , Matsumoto Tadahiko , Kimura Utako , Hiruma Masataro , Kano Rui , Yaguchi Takashi , Fujimoto Norihiro , Satoh Takahiro , Ihn Hironobu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFusarium onychomycosis is uncommon in the temperate climate zone of Japan. Based on the morphological characteristics and a gene analysis, we diagnosed a patient with ungual hyalohyphomycosis caused by Fusarium cugenangense belonging to the F oxysporum complex. This intractable disease was cured by 6‐month treatment with efinaconazole 10% solution.
NNN Pincer‐functionalized Porous Organic Polymer Supported Ru(III) as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ‐Valerolactone
Authors: Park Kwangho , Padmanaban Sudakar , Kim Seong‐Hoon , Jung Kwang‐Deog , Yoon Sungho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA novel porous organic polymer that incorporates NNN pincer type of ligand, i. e., 2,6‐Bis(pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine, (3‐bpp‐POP) is prepared via solvent‐knitting method. Through the characterizations, 3‐bpp‐POP is demonstrated to possess abundant porous structure, high surface area, and excellent thermal durability. A ruthenium molecular catalyst immobilized on the 3‐bpp‐POP support exhibits substantial catalytic performance for the hydrogenation of LA to GVL with an initial turnover frequency (TOF) of 1680 h−1 and a maximum turnover number (TON) of 14762 over 24 h for LA conversion with selectivities of 91.1 % for GVL and 8.9 % for HPA. The catalyst demonstrated excellent durability during successive recycles without leaching Ru3+, which ascribe to the strong binding of pincer ligand to metal centers.
Palladium/Carboxylic Acid‐catalyzed Alkenylation of Furfural and its Derivatives Using Alkynes
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Miyamoto Hitomi , Nakajima Yumiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFurfural and its derivatives underwent alkenylation with alkynes via α‐C−H activation in the presence of a palladium/carboxylic acid catalyst to give the corresponding single and double alkenylated products. The reactive aldehyde group remained intact during this reaction. This catalytic system allowed selective alkenylation of furan substrates having electron‐withdrawing substituents.