bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Beneficial Role of Sunitinib in Tumor Immune Surveillance by Regulating Tumor PD‐L1
Authors: Li Hui , Kuang Xinwei , Liang Long , Ye Youqiong , Zhang YongChang , Li Jialu , Ma Fangyu , Tao Juan , Lei Guang , Zhao Shuang , Su Juan , Yang Nong , Peng Cong , Xu Xiaowei , Hung Mien‐Chie , Han Leng , Liu Hong , Liu Jing , Chen Xiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoints blockades have shown promising clinical effects in various malignancies, but the overall response rate is low. Here, the immune features are comprehensively characterized in >10 000 cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and significantly positive correlations are observed between targets of Sunitinib and inhibitory immune checkpoints and suppressive immune cells. It is further confirmed that Sunitinib treatment increases the antitumor immunity in a phase III trial. Mechanistically, it is discovered that Sunitinib regulates the stability of tumor PD‐L1 via p62, that p62 can bind to PD‐L1 and specifically promote its translocation into autophagic lysosome for degradation. Preclinically, Sunitinib shows a synergistic antitumor effect with cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) monoclonal antibody (mAb) in melanoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) immune competent mice by promoting the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes activity. Clinically, a higher PD‐L1 level but a lower p62 level in the tumor region of responders as compared to those of nonresponders among anti‐PD‐1‐treated NSCLC patients is observed. Taken together, by utilizing rigorous computational analysis, functional characterization in vitro and in vivo, and neoadjuvent clinical trial, a novel molecular mechanism is revealed regarding the regulation of PD‐L1 via p62, thus providing a novel therapeutic strategy by the combination treatment of CTLA‐4 with Sunitinib.
General Liquid‐Driven Coaxial Flow Focusing Preparation of Novel Microcapsules for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Lin Xirong , Liu Jinyun , Zhang Haikuo , Zhong Yan , Zhu Mengfei , Zhou Ting , Qiao Xue , Zhang Huigang , Han Tianli , Li Jinjin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagnesium batteries have been considered promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy density, good safety without dendrite formation, and low cost of magnesium resources. However, high‐performance cathodes with stable capacity, good conductivity, and fast ions transport are needed, since many conventional cathodes possess a low performance and poor preparation controllability. Herein, a liquid‐driven coaxial flow focusing (LDCFF) approach for preparing a novel microcapsule system with controllable size, high loading, and stable magnesium‐storage performance is presented. Taking the MoS2‐infilled microcapsule as a case study, the magnesium battery cathode based on the microcapsules displays a capacity of 100 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. High capacity retention is achieved at both low and high temperatures of −10, ‒5, and 45 °C, and a stable rate‐performance is also obtained. The influences of the liquid flow rates on the size and shell thickness of the microcapsules are investigated; and electron and ion diffusion properties are also studied by first‐principle calculations. The presented LDCFF method is quite general, and the high performance of the microcapsules enables them to find broad applications for making emerging energy‐storage materials and secondary battery systems.
Applications of Surface Modification Technologies in Nanomedicine for Deep Tumor Penetration
Authors: Li Zimu , Shan Xiaoting , Chen Zhidong , Gao Nansha , Zeng Wenfeng , Zeng Xiaowei , Mei Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe impermeable barrier of solid tumors due to the complexity of their components limits the treatment effect of nanomedicine and hinders its clinical translation. Several methods are available to increase the penetrability of nanomedicine, yet they are too complex to be effective, operational, or practical. Surface modification employs the characteristics of direct contact between multiphase surfaces to achieve the most direct and efficient penetration of solid tumors. Furthermore, their simple operation makes their use feasible. In this review, the latest surface modification strategies for the penetration of nanomedicine into solid tumors are summarized and classified into “bulldozer strategies” and “mouse strategies.” Additionally, the evaluation methods, existing problems, and the development prospects of these technologies are discussed.
Resistive Switching and Redox Process at the BaTiO3/(La,Sr)MnO3 Multiferroic‐Type Interface
Authors: Jedrecy Nathalie , Jagtap Vishal , Hebert Christian , Becerra Loïc , Hrabovsky David , Barbier Antoine , Portier Xavier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResistive switching in oxide‐based structures is intensively studied for the development of ultra‐fast non‐volatile memories with low consumption and neuromorphic electronic devices. Here, evidence of interface‐controlled, reversible, bi‐polar resistance switch in prototype multiferroic BaTiO3/La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 (BTO/LSMO) system is given. The analysis of current–voltage hysteresis curves of a thick Au/BTO/LSMO structure reveals the existence of a 2.55 nm‐thick barrier layer at the bottom BTO/LSMO interface, leading to a tunnel electroresistance of ≈1700%. In the native state where BTO polarization points downward, high resolution electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy show Ba/(La,Sr) and Ti/Mn cationic intermixing, together with a valency reduction of Mn cations and an oxygen deficiency at the interface. This results in a high resistance state, due to partial loss of the metallicity and of the double exchange magnetic interaction in the oxygen‐deficient LSMO. The switch to the low resistance state, achieved by upward electric field, is explained in terms of re‐oxydation of Mn cations at the interface (decrease of the Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio), with oxygen vacancies migration from LSMO to BTO. This work emphasizes the crucial role of ionic exchanges and of redox processes at interfaces, both on ferroelectric bound charge screening and on resistive switching.
Enhanced Energy Conversion Performance of a Magneto–Mechano–Electric Generator Using a Laminate Composite Made of Piezoelectric Polymer and Metallic Glass
Authors: Hyeon Dong Yeol , Nam Chaeyoung , Ham Seong Su , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Yi Seonghoon , Kim Kyung Tae , Park Kwi‐Il 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagneto–mechano–electric (MME) generators, which convert ubiquitous stray magnetic field into electricity, have attracted significant attention as a permanent power source for innumerable sensors. In this study, a MME generator based on magnetostrictive metallic substrate and piezoelectric polymer is reported. After the metallic glass sheets are stacked using adhesives, ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) is spin‐casted onto Metglas lamination. The fabricated MME generator harvests an output peak voltage of ≈12.5 V under the applied alternating current magnetic field of 7 Oe at 38.2 Hz. A high magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 910.14 V cm−1 Oe−1 obtained from the energy device is higher than those reported earlier in inorganic and polymeric piezoelectric components‐based MME generators. Moreover, finite element analysis using the multiphysics simulation is carried out to theoretically investigate the magnetoelectric energy harvesting of the fabricated MME generator. This research results achieve low cost, mechanical stability, eco‐friendliness, and high performance for MME generators, which is anticipated to provide a future direction for magnetoelectric energy harvesting.
Who practices urban agriculture? An empirical analysis of participation before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chenarides Lauren , Grebitus Carola , Lusk Jayson L. , Printezis Iryna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) disrupted the food system motivating discussions about moving from a dependence on long food supply channels toward shorter local supply channels, including urban agriculture. This study examines two central questions regarding the adoption of urban agriculture practices at the household level during the COVID‐19 pandemic: whether the outbreak of the novel coronavirus elicited participation in urban agriculture (e.g., community growing and home growing) and what are the characteristics of individuals who participate. To answer these questions, we conducted two online surveys in Phoenix, AZ, and Detroit, MI. The first round occurred during 2017 and the second during the lock‐down in 2020. Using bivariate probit models, we find that (1) considerably fewer individuals participate in urban agriculture at community gardens compared to at‐home gardening; (2) participation overall is lower in 2020 compared to 2017; and (3) respondents in Detroit practice urban agriculture more than respondents in Phoenix. Across both cities, our results suggest that the continuity of individuals' participation in growing food at community gardens and home is fragile. Not all characteristics that determined who participated in community gardens before COVID‐19 are determining the likelihood to participate during the pandemic. In addition, growing food at home before COVID‐19 was practiced by larger households and employed respondents, yet, during the pandemic, we find that home‐growing was more likely when children were in the household and households were smaller and younger (Detroit), and younger and more educated (Phoenix). These findings suggest that many urban households' food‐growing practices may not yet be mainstream and that other barriers may exist that inhibit households' participation.
Measuring the impact of COVID‐19 on stock prices and profits in the food supply chain
Authors: Höhler Julia , Lansink Alfons Oude 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has shocked financial and commodity markets around the world. We are analyzing stock prices and information from financial reports to examine the impact of the pandemic on stock price volatility and profits of companies in the food supply chain. We use a data set of 71 major listed companies in the food value chain from stock indices in the US, Japan, and Europe. We calculate the annualized volatility per sector, screen the contents of the reports for stated effects of the pandemic on profits, and analyze stock price reactions in four different phases of the pandemic. The results show that stock markets have reacted with an increased price volatility. Manufacturers of fertilizers and agrochemicals as well as food distributors show particularly high volatilities in their stock prices. Low price volatility was observed in the stocks of food retailers. This pattern is also reflected in the profits of companies published in financial reports. Our regression analyses indicate that stocks of more profitable companies exhibited higher cumulative returns during the outbreak. In the phases thereafter, riskier stocks received higher discounts on returns. EconLit citations: G01, G12, E44, Q01.
Oxidation Under Reductive Conditions: From Benzylic Ethers to Acetals with Perfect Atom‐Economy by Titanocene(III) Catalysis
Authors: Funk Pierre , Richrath Ruben B. , Bohle Fabian , Grimme Stefan , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDescribed here is a titanocene‐catalyzed reaction for the synthesis of acetals and hemiaminals from benzylic ethers and benzylic amines, respectively, with pendant epoxides. The reaction proceeds by catalysis in single‐electron steps. The oxidative addition comprises an epoxide opening. An H‐atom transfer, to generate a benzylic radical, serves as a radical translocation step, and an organometallic oxygen rebound as a reductive elimination. The reaction mechanism was studied by high‐level dispersion corrected hybrid functional DFT with implicit solvation. The low‐energy conformational space was searched by the efficient CREST program. The stereoselectivity was deduced from the lowest lying benzylic radical structures and their conformations are controlled by hyperconjugative interactions and steric interactions between the titanocene catalyst and the aryl groups of the substrate. An interesting mechanistic aspect is that the oxidation of the benzylic center occurs under reducing conditions.
Ladungsunterstützte Selbstmetallierung von Porphyrinen auf Oxidoberflächen
Authors: Egger Larissa , Hollerer Michael , Kern Christian S. , Herrmann Hannes , Hurdax Philipp , Haags Anja , Yang Xiaosheng , Gottwald Alexander , Richter Mathias , Soubatch Serguei , Tautz F. Stefan , Koller Georg , Puschnig Peter , Ramsey Michael G. , Sterrer Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDas Interesse an Metallierungs‐ und Selbstmetallierungsreaktionen auf Oxidoberflächen ist in jüngster Zeit ständig gewachsen. Der Mechanismus der Selbstmetallierungsreaktion ist jedoch nicht vollständig geklärt. Hier zeigen wir mithilfe von Rastertunnelmikroskopie, Photoemissions‐Spektroskopie und Dichtefunktionaltheorie‐Rechnungen, dass die Selbstmetallierung von 2H‐Tetraphenylporphyrin auf der Oberfläche von ultradünnen MgO(001)‐Filmen durch Ladungstransfer ermöglicht wird. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Ladungszustand und dadurch der Metallierungszustand der Porphyrin‐Moleküle durch die Austrittsarbeit des MgO(001)/Ag(001)‐Substrats gezielt eingestellt werden können.
A Resol‐Assisted Cationic Coordinative Co‐assembly Approach to Mesoporous ABO3 Perovskite Oxides with Rich Oxygen Vacancy for Enhanced Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol
Authors: Zheng Yuenan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Ling , Gu Qinfen , Qiao Zhen‐An 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is a challenge to obtain ABO3 perovskite oxides with favorable crystal phase and well‐defined porous structure via existing approaches. Here, we design an effective and versatile strategy to construct mesoporous ABO3 perovskite oxides with functionalized nanocrystal frameworks and abundant oxygen vacancy sites via a resol‐assisted cationic coordinative co‐assembly approach. The as‐prepared oxygen vacancy‐rich mesoporous LaMnO3 as heterogeneous catalyst exhibits remarkable catalytic activity and stability for hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol, including over 99 % conversion and 96 % selectivity. Combined with density functional theory calculation, the catalytic mechanism is elucidated, revealing that porous LaMnO3 nanocrystal framework is conducive to expose oxygen deficiency sites, which can facilitate the interaction between catalyst surface and catalytic substrate, leading to lower barrier in hydrogenation process.
Fluorescence Assisted Capillary Electrophoresis of Glycans Enabled by the Negatively Charged Auxochromes in 1‐Aminopyrenes
Authors: Savicheva Elizaveta A. , Seikowski Jan , Kast Jeannette I. , Grünig Christoph R. , Belov Vladimir N. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA compact and negatively charged acceptor group, N‐(cyanamino)sulfonyl, is introduced for dye design and its influence on the absorption and emission spectra of the “push–pull” chromophores is demonstrated with 1,3,6‐tris[(cyanamino)sulfonyl]‐8‐aminopyrene. The new sulfonamides, including O‐phosphorylated (3‐hydroxyazetidine)‐N‐sulfonyl, are negatively charged electron acceptors and auxochromes. 1‐Aminopyrenes decorated with the new sulfonamides have three or six negative charges (pH ≥8), low m/z ratios, high mobilities in an electric field, and yellow to orange emission. We labeled maltodextrin oligomers by reductive amination, separated the products by electrophoresis, and demonstrated their high brightness in a commercial DNA analyzer and the distribution of the emission signal among the detection channels.
Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Guchang Zhixie Wan for Treating Ulcerative Colitis by Comprehensive Network Pharmacological Approaches and Molecular Docking Validation as Well as Cell Experiments
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chao Xu , Wu Jie‐Qiong , Ma Xiao‐Bing , Yang Yin‐Li , Wu Yang , Lin Jun‐Chao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGuchang Zhixie Wan (GZW) is a commonly used Chinese medicine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). This research explored the potential pharmacological mechanism of GZW in UC.The active ingredients, potential targets, and UC‐related genes of GZW were retrieved from public databases. The pharmacological mechanisms including key components, potential targets and signal pathways were determined through bioinformatics analysis. The results of this study were verified through virtual molecular docking and cell experiments.Network analysis revealed that 26 active GZW compounds and 148 potential GZW target proteins were associated with UC. Quercetin, kaempferol and β‐sitosterol were identified as the core active ingredients of GZW. IFNG, IL‐1A, IL‐1B, JUN, RELA, and STAT1 were indicated as key targets of GZW. These key targets have a strong affinity for quercetin, kaempferol, and β‐sitosterol. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that GZW target proteins are highly enriched in inflammatory, immune, and oxidative stress‐related pathways.This study confirmed the therapeutic effect and revealed potential molecular mechanism of GZW on UC. And the protective effects of GZW on inflammatory bowel disease pathway were also revealed through STAT3/NF‐κB/IL‐6 pathway. The findings of this study enhanced our understanding of GZW in the treatment of UC and provided a feasible method for discovering potential drugs from traditional Chinese medicine formulations.
Gene body methylation facilitates the transcription of CTSG via antisense lncRNA AL136018.1 in dermatomyositic myoideum
Authors: Liang Ying , Peng Yue 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDermatomyositis (DM) is characterized as a chronic autoimmune disorder with multiple organ involvement. Our previous study has revealed that Cathepsin G (CTSG) highly expressed in dermatomyositic in vivo is regulated by DNMT3a through DNA methylation of 5′‐C‐phosphate‐G‐3′ loci at exons and introns. However, the mechanism of gene body methylation on regulating CTSG transcription remains unknown. In this study, we studied quadriceps femoris tissues of six DM patients, and observed that antisense long noncoding RNA AL136018.1 contiguous to CTSG was highly expressed in skeletal muscle tissues of DM and positively correlated with the transcription level and DNA methylation level in gene body of CTSG in vivo. Moreover, we observed that the longer transcript of AL136018.1 (AL136018.1‐201) could bind to third and fourth exons and third intron of CTSG via the 3′‐end. Finally, AL136018.1‐201 could recruit DNMT3a towards gene body via 5′‐terminal for adding DNA methylation and facilitating transcription of CTSG. Taken together, our data uncovered a novel epigenetic mechanism behind the gene body methylation for transcriptional regulation of CTSG in DM.
68Ga‐Labelled Tropane Analogues for the Visualization of the Dopaminergic System
Authors: Häseli Sascha , Holy Marion , Joksch Markus , Bergner Carina , Wree Andreas , Kurth Jens , Cankaya Aylin , Piel Markus , Krause Bernd J. , Sitte Harald H. , Rösch Frank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of radiometal‐labelled pharmaceuticals for neuroimaging could offer great potential due to easier handling during labelling and availability through radionuclide generator systems. Nonetheless, to date, no such tracers are available for positron emission tomography, primarily owing to the challenge of crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and loss of affinity through chelator attachment. We have prepared a variety of 68Ga‐labelled phenyltropanes showing that, through a simple hydrocarbon‐linker, it is possible to introduce a chelator onto the lead structure while maintaining its high affinity for hDAT (human dopamine transporter) and simultaneously achieving adequate lipophilicity. One of the candidates, [68Ga]Ga‐HBED‐hexadiyne‐tropane, showed an IC50 value of 66 nM, together with a log D7.4 of 0.96. A μPET study in a hemi‐parkinsonian rat model showed a fast wash‐out of the tracer, and no specific uptake in the brain, thus implying an inability to penetrate the BBB.
Directed Gas Phase Formation of the Elusive Silylgermylidyne Radical (H3SiGe, X2A′′)
Authors: Yang Zhenghai , Doddipatla Srinivas , Kaiser Ralf I. , Krasnoukhov Vladislav S. , Azyazov Valeriy N. , Mebel Alexander M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe previously unknown silylgermylidyne radical (H3SiGe; X2A′′) was prepared via the bimolecular gas phase reaction of ground state silylidyne radicals (SiH; X2Π) with germane (GeH4; X1A1) under single collision conditions in crossed molecular beams experiments. This reaction begins with the formation of a van der Waals complex followed by insertion of silylidyne into a germanium‐hydrogen bond forming the germylsilyl radical (H3GeSiH2). A hydrogen migration isomerizes this intermediate to the silylgermyl radical (H2GeSiH3), which undergoes a hydrogen shift to an exotic, hydrogen‐bridged germylidynesilane intermediate (H3Si(μ‐H)GeH); this species emits molecular hydrogen forming the silylgermylidyne radical (H3SiGe). Our study offers a remarkable glance at the complex reaction dynamics and inherent isomerization processes of the silicon‐germanium system, which are quite distinct from those of the isovalent hydrocarbon system (ethyl radical; C2H5) eventually affording detailed insights into an exotic chemistry and intriguing chemical bonding of silicon‐germanium species at the microscopic level exploiting crossed molecular beams.
Lignocellulose Fractionation Using Recyclable Phosphoric Acid: Lignin, Cellulose, and Furfural Production
Authors: Weidener Dennis , Leitner Walter , Domínguez de María Pablo , Klose Holger , Grande Philipp M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe conversion of lignocellulose into its building blocks and their further transformation into valuable platform chemicals (e. g., furfural) are key technologies to move towards the use of renewable resources. This paper explored the disentanglement of lignocellulose into hemicellulose‐derived sugars, cellulose, and lignin in a biphasic solvent system (water/2‐methyltetrahydrofuran) using phosphoric acid as recyclable catalyst. Integrated with the biomass fractionation, in a second step hemicellulose‐derived sugars (mainly xylose) were converted to furfural, which was in situ extracted into 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran with high selectivity (70 %) and yield (56 wt %). To further increase the economic feasibility of the process, a downstream and recycling strategy enabled recovery of phosphoric acid without loss of process efficiency over four consecutive cycles. This outlines a more efficient and sustainable use of phosphoric acid as catalyst, as its inherent costs can be significantly lowered.
TGF‐β signaling in liver metastasis
Authors: Marvin Dieuwke L , Heijboer Rosan , ten Dijke Peter , Ritsma Laila 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe presence of liver metastases drastically worsens the prognosis of cancer patients. The liver is the second most prevalent metastatic site in cancer patients, but systemic therapeutic opportunities that target liver metastases are still limited. To aid the discovery of novel treatment options for metastatic liver disease, we provide insight into the cellular and molecular steps required for liver colonization. For successful colonization in the liver, adaptation of tumor cells and surrounding stroma is essential. This includes the formation of a pre‐metastatic niche, the creation of a fibrotic and immune suppressive environment, angiogenesis, and adaptation of tumor cells. We illustrate that transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) is a central cytokine in all these processes. At last, we devise that future research should focus on TGF‐β inhibitory strategies, especially in combination with immunotherapy. This promising systemic treatment strategy has potential to eliminate distant metastases as the efficacy of immunotherapy will be enhanced.