bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Von der traditionellen Anwendung zur rationalen Phytotherapie: Phytochemische Analyse und prä-klinische Untersuchungen zur antimikrobiellen Wirkung von Blätterextrakten von Combretum collinum Fresen.
Authors: Marquardt Peter , Vissiennon Cica , Ahyi Virgile , Fester Karin 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Zone südlich der Sahara gibt es etwa 7000 verschiedene Pflanzenarten, die ein großes Potenzial haben, zur Ernährungs- und Gesundheitsversorgung der 1,2 Milliarden Einwohner dieser Region beizutragen. Besonders in Benin, einem Staat in Westafrika, sind Heilpflanzen eine wichtige natürliche Ressource, die 80–99 % der Bevölkerung mindestens als ergänzende, wenn nicht sogar als primäre medizinische Grundversorgung nutzen. Blätter von Combretum collinum Fresen. (Combretaceae) werden in der traditionellen westafrikanischen Medizin zur Behandlung bakterieller Infektionen und zur Förderung der Wundheilung eingesetzt. Die vorliegende Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf die phytochemische Charakterisierung und die Analyse der antimikrobiellen Aktivität eines 50 % EtOH-Blattextraktes von C. collinum. Untersuchungen zur antimikrobiellen Aktivität wurden mit Agar-Well-Diffusions- und Mikrodilutionstests durchgeführt. Die phytochemische Charakterisierung erfolgte mit verschiedenen chromatographischen und spektroskopischen Methoden (HPLC, LC-MS, Flash-Chromatographie, 1 H-NMR). Die Untersuchungen bestätigten Myricetin-3-O-rhamnosid und Myricetin-3-O-glucosid als polyphenolische Hauptinhaltsstoffe des 50 % EtOH-Blattextraktes von C. collinum. Im Agar-Well-Diffusionstest zeigte der Extrakt die größten Hemmhöfe gegen S. epidermidis, MRSA und S. aureus. Im Mikrodilutionstest wies der Extrakt durchschnittliche Hemmkonzentrationen von 275,0 µg/ml für S. epidermidis und 385,5 µg/ml für MRSA auf. Der Nachweis der antibakteriellen Aktivität liefert einen deutlichen Hinweis für den möglichen Nutzen der topischen Anwendung von Extrakten aus C.-collinum-Blättern in der traditionellen westafrikanischen Medizin. Die ethnomedizinische Verwendung bietet somit eine alternative Behandlungsoption für topische Infektionen durch Staphylococcus-Arten.
Krankheitskosten chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen in Deutschland
Authors: Schnorbach Marie-Therese , Kruis Wolfgang 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Prävalenz chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (CED) ist steigend. Aufgrund eines Krankheitsbeginns in jungen Jahren spielen direkte, aber auch indirekte Kosten eine große Rolle. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über die in der Literatur veröffentlichten Krankheitskosten für CED in Deutschland bezogen auf das Jahr 2018.
Material und Methodik Nach systematischer Literaturrecherche wurden Kosten für CED in Deutschland aus deutsch- und englischsprachiger Literatur extrahiert, vergleichbar gemacht sowie Studiengüte und Relevanz bewertet.
Ergebnis Die durchschnittlichen monatlichen ambulanten Kosten für CED in Deutschland liegen zwischen 18 und 87 Euro/PatIn/30 Tage; die stationären Kosten zwischen 1026 und 9083 Euro/Fall. Je nach Berechnung verursachen Biologika unterschiedlich hohe Kostenanteile. Bezogen auf die Studien, liegen die monatlichen direkten medizinischen Kosten zwischen 82 und 618 Euro/PatIn/30 Tage, die direkten nichtmedizinischen zwischen 63 und 84 Euro/PatIn/30 Tage und die indirekten Kosten zwischen 463 und 3493 Euro/PatIn/30 Tage. Die Gesamtkosten betragen 533 Euro/PatIn/30 Tage, bezogen auf ein Jahr 6485 Euro/PatIn.
Schlussfolgerung Erstmals konnten bereits existierende Kostendaten für CED in Deutschland vergleichbar gemacht werden. Dabei sind die Studien sehr heterogen in Methodik und Kollektiven. Davon abhängig liegen die Gesamtkosten um 6485 Euro/PatIn/Jahr.
Bony Orbital Decompression in Patients with High Myopia and Pseudoexophthalmos
Authors: Daser Anke , Mattheis Stefan , Stähr Kerstin , Lang Stephan , Bechrakis Nikolaos E. , Dekowski Dirk , Eckstein Anja 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction High myopic eyes grow in length (> 0.35 mm/dpt) more than in height and width leading to a disturbing unilateral exophthalmos in patients with anisomyopia and – more rarely – a bilateral exophthalmos in high myopia affecting both eyes. Secondary consequences are sicca symptoms and painful eye mobility due to a large bulbus in a too small bony orbit. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of bony orbital compression in cases of high myopia.
Material and Methods Four patients underwent bony orbital decompression between the years 2012 and 2019. Two of the patients received lateral and two of them balanced (medial endonasal endoscopic and lateral) decompression. The decompression effect, complications and the influence of decompression on eye position and motility were evaluated.
Results Significant decompression effect was achieved in all patients. As a result, symmetry was restored in all unilaterally affected patients. No complications occurred. The lateral decompression had a positive effect on the preexisting convergent strabismus (reduction of the “eso” position, neutral to the vertical deviation). The carefully dosed medial decompression did not lead to any change of the horizontal position in one patient and in the other exotropic patient it resulted in a 10 pdpt of “exo” reduction without developing an “eso” position.
Discussion The bony orbital decompression provides a sufficient decompression effect in the four patients to reduce the myopic pseudoexophthalmos. The alignment anomalies associated with a high myopia (“heavy eye”) was favourably influenced by the lateral decompression.
Regioselective Biomimetic Synthesis of Dimeric Oxyresveratrol Derivatives
Authors: Li Wenling , Ran Lu , Li Hongpeng , Chao Ge , Kang Xiaodong , Lei Tian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOxyresveratrol and its methylated derivative as coupling precursors were efficiently prepared in four steps, with Wittig reactions and subsequent isomerization reactions as the key steps. The coupling reactions of oxyresveratrol under various oxidative conditions gave a complex and inseparable mixture of coupling products. The oxidative dimerizations of methylated oxyresveratrols catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase–H2O2 or FeCl3·6H2O in an acetone system predominantly produced the 8–5-coupled and 8–10-coupled dihydrobenzofuran-type dimers, respectively. This regioselective biomimetic strategy might be useful in synthesizing other dimeric oxyresveratrol derivatives.
Epoxidation of Alkenes with Molecular Oxygen as the Oxidant in the Presence of Nano-Al2O3
Authors: Qi Chaorong , Hu Jianqiang , Zhou Xuan , Wang Qiong , Xiong Wenfang , Wang Lu , Ye Rongkai , Xiang Ge 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe nano-Al2O3-promoted epoxidation of alkenes with molecular oxygen as the oxidant has been developed, providing an efficient route to a variety of epoxides in moderate to excellent yields. The environmentally friendly and efficient nano-Al2O3 catalyst could be easily recovered and reused five times without significant loss of activity.
Changes in Incidence and Management of Acute Appendicitis in Children—A Population-Based Study in the Period 2000–2015
Authors: Hansen Grith Laerkholm , Kleif Jakob , Jakobsen Christian , Paerregaard Anders 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Recent studies suggest that the epidemiology and management of appendicitis have changed during the last decades. The purpose of this population-based study was to examine this in the pediatric population in Denmark.
Materials and Methods Data were retrieved from the Danish National Patient Registry, the Danish Civil Registration System, and the Statbank Denmark. Patients aged 0 to 17 years diagnosed with appendicitis and appendectomized during the period 2000 to 2015 were included. The primary outcome was the annual incidences of appendicitis. Secondary outcomes were the annual percent of patients with appendicitis having a laparoscopic appendectomy, delay from admission to surgery, length of postoperative hospital stay, and 30-day postoperative mortality.
Results A total of 24,046 pediatric cases of appendicitis were identified. The annual incidence steadily declined until 2008 (–29%, all ages) and then remained stable. The surgical approach of choice changed from being open appendectomy in 2000 (97%) to laparoscopic appendectomy in 2015 (94%). Simultaneously, the duration of postoperative hospital stay declined from 41 hours (median) to 17 hours. Delay from admission until surgery did not change during the period. Only one child died within the 30-day postoperative period.
Conclusion In accordance with other recent studies from Western countries, we found significant changes in the incidence of acute appendicitis including a decline in all age groups except those below 5 years of age, a shift toward laparoscopic appendectomy, and decreasing time spent in the hospital during the years 2000 to 2015.
The Diagnostic Yield and Cost of Radiologic Imaging for Urgent and Emergent Ocular Conditions in an Eye Emergency Room
Authors: Deaner Jordan D. , Meeker Austin R. , Ozzello Daniel J. , Swaminathan Vishal , Amarasekera Dilru C. , Zhang Qiang , Hamershock Rose A. , Sergott Robert C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic yield and economic cost of radiologic imaging for urgent and emergent ophthalmic conditions in an emergency room (ER) setting
Design Retrospective, consecutive case series.
Methods Charts of all patients who underwent radiologic imaging in a dedicated eye ER over a single year were reviewed. Data collected included age, patient reported chief complaint, visual acuity, principal examination finding, indication for imaging, imaging modalities performed, and the current procedural terminology (CPT) codes billed for the imaging performed. Imaging results were classified into three groups with binary outcomes: normal or abnormal; significant if it led to a change in patient management, and relevant if the imaging findings were related to the chief complaint or principal examination finding. Imaging costs were calculated using the billed CPT codes.
Results A total of 14,961 patients were evaluated during the 1-year study and 1,371 (9.2%) patients underwent imaging. Of these, 521 patients (38.0%) had significant findings. A majority of this group had significant and relevant findings (469, 34.2% of total). Subgroup analysis was performed based upon patient chief complaint, principal examination finding, and indication for imaging. Overall, the total cost of imaging was $656,078.34 with an average cost of $478.54 per patient.
Conclusion Imaging for urgent and emergent ophthalmic conditions in an eye ER resulted in significant management changes in 38.0% of patients. Radiographic imaging contributes to healthcare expenditures; however, these costs must be weighed against the substantial costs of delayed and misdiagnoses, especially when patients present with acute ophthalmological symptoms.
A Novel Grip-Type Microsurgical Needle Holder: Introduction and Electromyographic Evaluation
Authors: Yasunaga Yoshichika , Yanagisawa Daisuke , Ohata Erika , Yuzuriha Shunsuke , Kondoh Shoji , Matsuo Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground We have newly developed a novel “grip-type” gun-shaped microsurgical needle holder that requires only finger twisting between the thumb and index finger for needle advancement. This study aimed to objectively assess whether this grip-type needle holder could reduce forearm muscle movement during microsurgical suturing as compared with a conventional pen-type needle holder by means of surface electromyography (sEMG).Methods Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) muscle and flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU) sEMG measurements were taken during needle advancement in a microvascular anastomosis model for calculation of root mean square (RMS) values. The summed ECU and FCU RMS values were employed as indicators of forearm muscle movement and compared between the pen-type and grip-type instruments. Analyses of eight subjects and suturing in five directions by one subject were conducted.Results The summed ECU and FCU RMS values of the grip-type holder were significantly smaller than those of the pen-type holder in comparisons of eight subjects (p < 0.05). Similarly, the summed RMS values of the grip-type holder in each of the five suturing directions were remarkably lower than those of the pen-type holder.Conclusion The grip-type needle holder could significantly reduce forearm muscle movement as compared with a conventional pen-type holder based on objective sEMG measurements. The grip-type device appears more ideally suited for delicate microsurgical suturing, such as lymphaticovenular anastomosis or finger replantation, since the reduced forearm movement may mitigate the risk of coarse motion and hand shaking.
Imaging Findings of Septooptic Dysplasia and Joubert's Syndrome in A Patient with Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis: A New Coexistence?
Authors: Keçeli Merter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmbiguous genitalia is a common feature in most disorders of sexual development. These disorders can be evaluated within three groups: sex chromosome disorders, 46,XY disorders, and 46,XX disorders. Except for Turner's syndrome, these anomalies are not related to neurological developmental anomalies. A 6-month-old patient presenting with ambiguous genitalia had developmental and motor retardation with nystagmus. In karyotype analysis, 45,X/46,XY sequences were found, compatible with mixed gonadal dysgenesis (GD). Laboratory findings were normal except for low serum total testosterone level. The uterus and left adnexal structures were seen in imaging. There were no gonads in the labial/scrotal regions. Septooptic dysplasia (SOD) and Joubert's syndrome (JS) were detected in cranial magnetic resonance imaging. This presentation reports rare association of SOD and JS in a child with mixed GD.
Pediatric Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Cappellari Alberto M. , Rossetti Donata , Avignone Sabrina , Scola Elisa , Di Cesare Antonio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetronidazole-induced encephalopathy is a rare toxic encephalopathy secondary to the common use to this antimicrobial drug. It has been reported mainly in adult patients but only rarely in children. Owing to possible devastating complication of this disease, clinicians should have a higher index of suspicion for encephalopathic patients on metronidazole therapy. Here, we report a 5-month-old infant with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy presenting with nonconvulsive status epilepticus. A review of the literature in pediatric, as well as adult metronidazole-induced encephalopathy, is also provided.
Assessing the Systemic Effects of Two Different Doses of Intra-Articular Triamcinolone Acetonide in Healthy Dogs
Authors: Gamble Lauri-Jo , Boesch Jordyn M. , Wakshlag Joseph J. , Frye Christopher W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective Osteoarthritis is a common cause of pain and dysfunction in dogs. Intra-articular (IA) corticosteroids have been used to treat human and animal osteoarthritis; however, their systemic effects have not been well documented in dogs. Therefore, our objective is to determine if a single IA triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection, at two different doses, suppresses the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, induces alkaline phosphatase (ALP), or causes other clinicopathological abnormalities in dogs.Study Design Six healthy female intact adult mongrel dogs from a research colony. For phase one, dogs were randomly assigned to injection of 0.25 mg/kg TA into the right (n = 3) or left (n = 3) stifle. Haematology, liver-related biochemistry and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation tests were conducted the day prior to injection and repeated on days 1, 3 and 7, and then weekly after injection until values normalized. Following a 2-week washout period, 0.5 mg/kg TA was injected into the contralateral stifle (phase two), and laboratory testing mimicked phase one.Results Mild, transient adrenocortical suppression occurred in both phases, beginning on day 1 and resolving by days 3 and 7 in phases one and two respectively. However, post-adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation cortisol levels were never outside the normal range for either phase. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased on day 3 in phase two but remained within normal limits. Mild stress leukograms occurred on day 1 in both phases. No clinical abnormalities were noted throughout the study.Conclusion Systemic adverse effects following IA TA stifle injections at 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg are unlikely.
Plant expression of NifD protein variants resistant to mitochondrial degradation
Authors: Allen Robert S. , Gregg Christina M. , Okada Shoko , Menon Amratha , Hussain Dawar , Gillespie Vanessa , Johnston Ema , Devilla Rosangela , Warden Andrew C. , Taylor Matthew , Byrne Keren , Colgrave Michelle , Wood Craig C. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Engineering nitrogenase in plants may help alleviate economic and environmental issues due to the use of nitrogen fertilizer. Mitochondria have shown promise in supporting the function of nitrogenase, including electron donation and metallocluster assembly. Despite these successes, formation of the catalytic unit, NifDK, has proven difficult. Here, we find that when relocated to plant mitochondria, NifD is subject to errant peptidase-based cleavage and is insoluble. Guided by NifD sequence variation amongst bacteria and structural modeling, we designed NifD variants that avoided cleavage and retained function in bacterial assays. Fusion of NifK to degradation-resistant NifD also improved solubility, and the polyprotein retained function in bacterial assays. This work advances efforts to produce crops less reliant on nitrogen fertilizer.
Latitudinal gradient in the respiration quotient and the implications for ocean oxygen availability
Authors: Moreno Allison R. , Garcia Catherine A. , Larkin Alyse A. , Lee Jenna A. , Wang Wei-Lei , Moore J. Keith , Primeau Francois W. , Martiny Adam C. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
The loss of ocean oxygen caused by climate warming is a serious environmental issue and could lead to major declines in animal habitats. However, current Earth system models struggle in explaining observed trends in global ocean oxygen. Using a model, we demonstrate that marine oxygen concentrations depend sensitively on a rarely considered quantity known as the respiration quotient to prescribe the oxygen consumed per mole of organic carbon respired. Using a combination of direct chemical measurements across major biomes in the eastern Pacific Ocean plus changes in the global distribution of oxygen and carbon, we show how the respiration quotient increases systematically with temperature. The findings imply that we can experience more intense declines in ocean oxygen with warming.
A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate would likely match all currently circulating variants
Authors: Dearlove Bethany , Lewitus Eric , Bai Hongjun , Li Yifan , Reeves Daniel B. , Joyce M. Gordon , Scott Paul T. , Amare Mihret F. , Vasan Sandhya , Michael Nelson L. , Modjarrad Kayvon , Rolland Morgane 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceThe rapid spread of the virus causing COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, raises questions about the possibility of a universally effective vaccine. The virus can mutate in a given individual, and these variants can be propagated across populations and time. To understand this process, we analyze 18,514 SARS-CoV-2 sequences sampled since December 2019. We find that neutral evolution, rather than adaptive selection, can explain the rare mutations seen across SARS-CoV-2 genomes. In the immunogenic Spike protein, the D614G mutation has become consensus, yet there is no evidence of mutations affecting binding to the ACE2 receptor. Our results suggest that, to date, the limited diversity seen in SARS-CoV-2 should not preclude a single vaccine from providing global protection.
Cold War literary modernists in a dialogue under oppression
Authors: Erokhin Alexander 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The article deals with selected aspects of the cultural appropriation of post-Stalinist Soviet poetry by Anglo-American
poets and translators. The article focuses on Yevgeny Yevtushenko and Andrei Voznesensky, two eminent representatives of Russian lyric
poetry of the “Thaw.” English translations of Yevtushenko’s and Voznesensky’s poems are discussed in relation to Cold War issues and
imagery, such as the themes of the Second World War, the Holocaust, and the rediscovery of America. The article demonstrates that the
Soviet-Russian authors and their Anglo-American translators appealed to their governments and audiences over the moral and aesthetic
barriers imposed by the Cold War. The opportunity for independent, liberal, romantic, or leftist English-speaking authors to collaborate
with the post-Stalinist Russian poets of the Thaw was made possible by the latters’ willingness to break the cultural isolation of the
Soviet Union after Stalin’s death.
Rates of Prescription Orders for United States Active Duty Service Members Diagnosed with Alcohol use Disorder
Authors: Peters Zachary J. , Kincaid Melissa W. , Greenberg Jennifer G. , Quah Ruth F. , Curry Justin C. 
Published: September 2020

Background Alcohol-use disorders (AUD) pose a significant challenge for the United States (US) military. The US Department of Defense has strongly recommended several medications for use in the treatment of patients with diagnosed AUD. This study assessed the prescription of medications for active duty service members (ADSMs) diagnosed with AUD in the US Military Health System (MHS). Methods Rates of prescription orders were retrospectively examined from 2010 to 2017 among ADSMs with an incident diagnosis of moderate-to-severe AUD. The rate of prescription orders was defined as the proportion of ADSMs with an ICD-9 or ICD-10 diagnosis code of alcohol dependence who received an order for acamprosate, disulfiram, naltrexone, and/or topiramate at a military treatment facility in the year following their incident diagnosis. Results ADSMs receiving an order for at least one medication in the year following their incident AUD diagnosis increased from 8.8% in 2010 to 16.2% in 2017 (RR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.76, 1.93). Oral naltrexone was ordered most frequently among this patient population, while injectable naltrexone, a medication option meant to ease and improve adherence, was ordered for a smaller proportion of patients. Conclusions Most ADSMs who might benefit from prescriptions for AUD are not receiving them as part of their treatment despite strong clinical evidence and Department of Defense policy support for their use among this cohort.