bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Photomolecular Nanotheranostics for Synergetic Near‐Infrared Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Highly Effective Photothermal Ablation
Authors: Xiao Ya‐Fang , Xiang Chenyang , Li Shengliang , Mao Cong , Chen Haoting , Chen Jia‐Xiong , Tian Shuang , Cui Xiao , Wan Yingpeng , Huang Zhongming , Li Xiaozhen , Zhang Xiao‐Hong , Guo Weisheng , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMulti‐modality imaging‐guided cancer therapy is considered as a powerful theranostic platform enabling simultaneous precise diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, recently reported multifunctional systems with multiple components and sophisticate structures remain major obstacles for further clinical translation. In this work, a single‐photomolecular theranostic nanoplatform is fabricated via a facile nanoprecipitation strategy. By encapsulating a semiconductor oligomer (IT‐S) into an amphiphilic lipid, water‐dispersible IT‐S nanoparticles (IT‐S NPs) are prepared. The obtained IT‐S NPs have a very simple construction and possess ultra‐stable near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence (FL)/photoacoustic (PA) dual‐modal imaging and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 72.3%. Accurate spatiotemporal distribution profiles of IT‐S NPs are successfully visualized by NIR FL/PA dual‐modal imaging. With the comprehensive in vivo imaging information provided by IT‐S NPs, tumor photothermal ablation is readily realized under precise manipulation of laser irradiation, which greatly improves the therapeutic efficacy without any obvious side effects. Therefore, the IT‐S NPs allow high tumor therapeutic efficacy under the precise guidance of FL/PA imaging techniques and thus hold great potential as an effective theranostic platform for future clinical applications.
Elongated‐Geminiarene: Syntheses, Solid‐State Conformational Investigations, and Application in Aromatics/Cyclic Aliphatics Separation
Authors: Wu Jia‐Rui , Wang Yan , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnergy‐saving separation and purification of industrially important compounds with similar physical and chemical properties by novel molecular crystalline materials are of great importance and highly desired. Here a newly enlarged version of geminiarene, namely elongated‐geminiarene (ElGA), is first designed and synthesized. Taking advantages of both geminiarenes and biphenarenes, ElGA shows great features including scalable synthesis, nanometer‐sized cavity, rich blend of conformational features, and excellent solid‐state host–guest properties. Significantly, the functional crystalline materials of ElGA are highly effective in the separation of aromatics and cyclic aliphatics, showing a preference for dimethylbenzene over its corresponding hydrogenation products and paving a new avenue for separation science and industry.
The influence of aging on the fracture characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete through three methods
Authors: Fallahnejad Hossein , Davoodi Mohammad Reza , Nikbin Iman Mohammadpour 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this research, to assess the impact of aging on the fracture properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), three‐point bending tests were carried out on 260 specimens. Then, work of fracture method (WFM), size effect method (SEM), and boundary effect method (BEM) were utilized for analysis of fracture parameters. The result showed that fracture energy values for RAC were 4.2%, 7.1%, 22.7% and 24.2% less than natural aggregate concrete (NAC) ones at 3, 7, 28 and 90 days, respectively. Based on calculation of the characteristic length, the behavior of RAC is more ductile than NAC at early ages. However, through time, the ductility of RAC becomes less than NAC. On average, the ratio of fracture energy achieved from WFM (GF) to initial fracture energy achieved from SEM (Gf) for RAC and NAC was 2.38 and 2.14, respectively. The comparison of fracture energy obtained by BEM and modified WFM showed that these values were close to each other.
Clinical noninvasive imaging and spectroscopic tools for dermatological applications: Review of recent progress
Authors: Attia Amalina Binte Ebrahim , Bi Renzhe , Dev Kapil , Du Yao , Olivo Malini 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDermatologists mainly entrust visual clinical examinations in conjunction with histopathology for an informed skin condition diagnosis, which is invasive and not adequate to assess skin conditions still present in subcutaneous skin layers. With emerging complementary imaging and spectroscopic technologies currently available, the assessment of skin conditions is more accessible than before. This review article will cover these technologies including: photoacoustic imaging, reflectance confocal microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, optical coherence tomography and confocal Raman spectroscopy. The basic concepts of these technologies and their configurations will be touched on, together with their limitations and future directions. The review article will discuss how these technologies are utilized for cutaneous applications, examining studies accomplished either in vivo on humans or on ex vivo human specimens.
The nature, significance, and influence of perceived personal experience of climate change
Authors: Reser Joseph P. , Bradley Graham L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFollowing a previous 2014 review of perceived personal experience of climate change, the authors review relevant research published or reported between January 2014 and mid‐year 2019. The review findings suggest that the nature, significance, and influence of perceived personal experience of natural environment changes, conditions, and events deemed to be likely consequences of global climate change have been problematically conceptualized, researched, reported, and understood by many climate change scientists and by reporters of climate change science and their audiences. The nature,psychologicalsignificance, andpsychologicaladaptation and issue engagement influence of personal experience of perceived environmental manifestations of climate change are arguably central considerations with respect to the human dimensions of climate change. These matters encompass public understanding of climate change science, both internal and external adaptation processes, and the psychological impacts of the ongoing stressor of climate change. They also affect issue engagement and behavioral change. It is increasingly necessary that existing issues with discipline‐based assumptive worlds, constructs and measures—and often unclear research and policy questions and objectives—be identified, clarified, and addressed. This particularly matters when researchers and policy makers are addressing public risk perceptions, understandings, and responses to global climate change, ideally to inform and enhance policies directed at climate change mitigation and adaptation, or, alternatively framed, directed towards public issue engagement and ‘psychologically significant’ as well as ‘environmentally significant’ behavioral change.This article is categorized under: Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
The business of rapid transition
Authors: Newell Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn a context of climate emergency and calls from the IPCC for “transformative systemic change,” we need to revisit the role of business in helping to accelerate responses to climate crisis. The scale and depth of the challenges facing business have intensified in ways which force us to refocus our research on questions of urgency and speed, as well as the growing need for new and alternative business models and a fundamental re‐balancing of the economy. There is a large literature dealing with business responses to climate change from a range of perspectives and disciplines covering issues such as corporate strategy and public policy engagement. But I argue that the question of the nature and speed of change now required, and whether there are historical and contemporary precedents for accelerated transitions within and beyond business, must assume a more central place in our research. This must be alongside growing efforts to understand how business will adapt to climate chaos. This conclusion implies a closer engagement and cross‐fertilization of ideas with scholars of sustainability transitions, for example. Here, there is growing interest in the question of how to accelerate transitions, but where greater attention is required to the role of business actors.This article is categorized under:The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Decarbonizing Energy and/or Reducing DemandPolicy and Governance > Private Governance of Climate Change
A shooting method for nonlinear boundary value problems in a thermal piezoelectric semiconductor plate
Authors: Zhao MingHao , Yang Changhai , Fan CuiYing , Zhang QiaoYun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBased on the pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and thermoelasticity in nonlinear constitutive equations, we report a thermal piezoelectric semiconductor model under a mechanical load, a Schottky contact boundary condition, and a temperature gradient. To solve this nonlinear boundary value problem, we propose a shooting method. In comparison with the results obtained by COMSOL, the shooting method is reliable. Furthermore, the influence of the temperature gradient on the extended displacements and stress fields is discussed. The numerical results show that a small change in the temperature has the remarkable effect on a mechanical electric field in thermal piezoelectric semiconductors.
Vibrations and buckling of orthotropic small‐scale plates with complex shape based on modified couple stress theory
Authors: Mazur Olga , Kurpa Lidiya , Awrejcewicz Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFree vibrations of microplates with non‐classical shape are considered in the paper. Governing equations are based on the modified couple stress theory and Kirchhoff–Love plate theory. It is assumed that the plate is isotropic or orthotropic and satisfy various boundary conditions. An analysis is performed by the variational‐structural method which is based on R‐functions theory and Ritz method. The testing of the proposed method is carried out by comparison with known in literature results and analytical solutions. The developed method is applied to the study of the influence of the material length scale parameter, boundary conditions, shape parameters, material characteristics on vibration frequencies. Also, size‐dependent analysis for buckling of the isotropic and orthotropic microplate subjected to uniaxial load is performed by the proposed approach. Critical loads for a plate with complex shape, different types of boundary conditions and material are calculated in order to study their effect on buckling.
A quantum circuit interpretation of evaporating black hole geometry
Authors: Zhao Ying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We give a quantum circuit interpretation of evaporating black hole geometry. We make an analogy between the appearance of island for evaporating black hole and the transition from two-sided to one-sided black hole in the familiar example of perturbed thermofield double. If Alice perturbs thermofield double and waits for scrambling time, she will have a one-sided black hole with interior of her own. We argue that by similar mechanism the radiation gets access to the interior (island forms) after Page time. The growth of the island happens as a result of the constant transitions from two-sided to one-sided black holes.
Non-Gaussian entanglement renormalization for quantum fields
Authors: Fernández-Melgarejo J.J. , Molina-Vilaplana J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, a non-Gaussian cMERA tensor network for interacting quantum field theories (icMERA) is presented. This consists of a continuous tensor network circuit in which the generator of the entanglement renormalization of the wavefunction is nonperturbatively extended with nonquadratic variational terms. The icMERA circuit nonperturbatively implements a set of scale dependent nonlinear transformations on the fields of the theory, which suppose a generalization of the scale dependent linear transformations induced by the Gaussian cMERA circuit. Here we present these transformations for the case of self-interacting scalar and fermionic field theories. Finally, the icMERA tensor network is fully optimized for the λϕ4 theory in (1 + 1) dimensions. This allows us to evaluate, nonperturbatively, the connected parts of the two- and four-point correlation functions. Our results show that icMERA wavefunctionals encode proper non-Gaussian correlations of the theory, thus providing a new variational tool to study phenomena related with strongly interacting field theories.
Toric varieties and Gröbner bases: the complete $$\mathbb {Q}$$-factorial case
Authors: Rossi Michele , Terracini Lea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present two algorithms determining all the complete and simplicial fans admitting a fixed non-degenerate set of vectorsVas generators of their 1-skeleton. The interplay of the two algorithms allows us to discerning if the associated toric varieties admit a projective embedding, in principle for any values of dimension and Picard number. The first algorithm is slower than the second one, but it computes all complete and simplicial fans supported byVand lead us to formulate a topological-combinatoric conjecture about the definition of a fan. On the other hand, we adapt the Sturmfels’ arguments on the Gröbner fan of toric ideals to our complete case; we give a characterization of the Gröbner region and show an explicit correspondence between Gröbner cones and chambers of the secondary fan. A homogenization procedure of the toric ideal associated toVallows us to employing GFAN and related software in producing our second algorithm. The latter turns out to be much faster than the former, although it can compute only the projective fans supported byV. We provide examples and a list of open problems. In particular we give examples of rationally parametrized families of$$\mathbb {Q}$$Q-factorial complete toric varieties behaving in opposite way with respect to the dimensional jump of the nef cone over a special fibre.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Organ‐Sparing Resection for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Ren‐Chao , Ma Jun , Mou Yi‐Ping , Zhou Yu‐Cheng , Jin Wei‐Wei , Lu Chao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are rare neoplasms associated with a long life expectancy after resection. In this setting, patients may benefit from laparoscopic organ‐sparing resection. Studies of laparoscopic organ‐sparing resection for PNENs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic organ‐sparing resection for PNENs.MethodsA retrospective study was performed for patients with PNENs who underwent laparoscopic organ‐sparing pancreatectomy between March 2005 and May 2018. The patients’ demographic data, operative results, pathological reports, hospital courses and morbidity, mortality, and follow‐up data (until August 2018) were analysed.ResultsThirty‐five patients were included in the final analysis. There were 9 male and 26 female patients, with a median age of 46 years (range 25–75 years). The mean BMI was 24.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2. Nine patients received laparoscopic enucleation (LE), 20 received laparoscopic spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy (LSPDP), and 6 received laparoscopic central pancreatectomy. The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion rate, and postoperative hospital stay were 186.4 ± 60.2 min, 165 ± 73.0 ml, 0 days, and 9 days (range 5–23 days), respectively. The morbidity rate, grade ≥ III complication rate, and grade ≥ B pancreatic fistula rate were 34.2%, 11.4%, and 8.7%, respectively, with no mortality. The rate of follow‐up was 94.3%, and the median follow‐up time was 55 months (range 3–158 months). One patient developed recurrence 36 months after LE and was managed with surgical resection. The other patients survived without metastases or recurrence during the follow‐up. One patient had diabetes after LSPDP, and no patients had symptoms of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Nineteen patients who underwent LSPDP (16 with the Kimura technique and 3 with the Warshaw technique) were followed. Normal patency of the splenic artery and vein was observed in 14 and 14 patients within 1 month of surgery and in 15 and 14 patients 6 months or more after the operation, respectively. Partial splenic infarction was observed in 3 patients within 1 month of surgery and in no patients 6 months or more after the operation. Three patients eventually developed collateral venous vessels around the gastric fundus and reserved spleen, with one case of variceal bleeding.ConclusionsLaparoscopic organ‐sparing resection for selected cases of PNENs is safe and feasible and has favourable short‐ and long‐term outcomes.
Leitlinienbasierte Aufarbeitung und Befundung von Lymphonodektomiepräparaten und Sentinel-Lymphknoten gynäkologischer Malignome
Authors: Höhn Anne Kathrin , Brambs Christine E. , Erber Ramona , Hiller Grit Gesine Ruth , Mayr Doris , Schmidt Dietmar , Schmoeckel Elisa , Horn Lars‑Christian 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Aufarbeitung von Lymphonodektomiepräparaten gynäkologischer Malignome orientiert sich an den nationalen AWMF-Leitlinien und internationalen Empfehlungen. Die Definition von Mikrometastasen und isolierten Tumorzellen entspricht den Festlegungen der UICC(Union Internationale Contre le Cancer)/TNM(TNM-Klassifikation maligner Tumoren). Deren Nachweis soll im Befundbericht erwähnt werden sowie in die Tumorklassifikation einfließen. Alle übersandten Lymphknoten (LK) sollen untersucht werden mit vollständiger Einbettung aller LK bis 0,3 cm und Lamellierung aller größeren Lymphknoten parallel zu ihrer kurzen Achse in ca. 0,2 cm dicken Scheiben. Bestandteile des histologischen Befundberichtes sind: Zahl der befallenen LK im Verhältnis zur Zahl der entfernten/untersuchten LK entsprechend der Entnahmelokalisationen, metrische Ausdehnung der größten LK-Metastase, Fehlen/Nachweis einer extrakapsulären Ausbreitung. Zuschnitt und Einbettung von Sentinel-LK mit oder ohne Schnellschnittuntersuchung erfolgt in Analogie zu Nicht-Sentinel-LK mit Anfertigung von ca. 3 HE-gefärbten Stufenschnitten in einem Abstand von ca. 200 µm sowohl vom Gefrier- als auch Paraffinblock. Stellen sich die Sentinel-LK in der HE-Färbung negativ dar, soll ein immunhistochemisches Ultrastaging erfolgen.
Quantitative Short-pulse Acoustic Microscopy and Application to Materials
Characterization
Authors: Matikas Theodore E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A new acoustic microscopy method was developed for providing
near-surface elastic property mapping of a material. This method has a
number of advantages over the traditional V(z) technique. First, it enables
one to perform measurements in an automated mode that only requires user
intervention in the setup phase. This automated mode makes it feasible to
obtain quantitative microscopy images of the elastic property over an area
on the material being tested. Also, it only requires a conventional
ultrasonic system operating in pulsed mode for collecting the data, rather
than a specialized tone-burst system, which is needed in the traditional
quantitative scanning acoustic microscopy technique. Finally, unlike the
traditional method, the new experimental process does not require
calibration of the systems electronics or additional reference data taken
under hard-to-duplicate identical conditions from a material that does not
exhibit surface acoustic waves.
Do beds of subtidal estuarine seagrass constitute a refuge for macrobenthic biodiversity threatened intertidally?
Authors: Barnes R. S. K. , Claassens L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiodiversity differentials between macrobenthic assemblages associated with adjacent intertidal and subtidal areas of a single seagrass system were investigated for the first time. Assemblage metrics of conservation relevance—faunal abundance and its patchiness, faunal richness, and beta diversity—were examined at four contrasting dwarf-eelgrass localities in the Knysna estuarine bay, part of South Africa's Garden Route National Park but a system whose intertidal areas are heavily impacted anthropogenically. Faunal assemblages were significantly different across all localities and between subtidal and intertidal levels at each locality although their taxonomic distinctness was effectively constant. Although, as would be expected, there were clear trends for increases in overall numbers of species towards the mouth at all levels, few generalities relating to the relative importance of the subtidal seagrass habitat were evident across the whole system—magnitude and direction of differentials were contingent on locality. Shore-height related differences in assemblage metrics were minor in the estuarine and lagoonal zones but major in the marine compartment, although the much greater subtidal faunal abundance there was largely consequent on the superabundance of a single species (the microgastropod Alaba pinnae), intertidal zones then displaying the greater species diversity due to greater equitability of species densities. Along its axial channel, the Knysna subtidal seagrass does not support richer versions of the intertidal polychaete-dominated assemblages fringing it; instead, it supports different and more patchily dispersed gastropod-dominated ones. At Knysna at least, the subtidal hardly constitutes a reservoir of the seagrass biodiversity present intertidally.
Impact of the thermomechanical load on subsurface phase transformations during cryogenic turning of metastable austenitic steels
Authors: Hotz Hendrik , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen machining metastable austenitic stainless steel with cryogenic cooling, a deformation-induced phase transformation from γ-austenite to α′-martensite can be realized in the workpiece subsurface. This leads to a higher microhardness and thus improved fatigue and wear resistance. A parametric and a non-parametric model were developed in order to investigate the correlation between the thermomechanical load in the workpiece subsurface and the resulting α′-martensite content. It was demonstrated that increasing passive forces and cutting forces promoted the deformation-induced phase transformation, while increasing temperatures had an inhibiting effect. The feed force had no significant influence on the α′-martensite content. With the proposed models it is now possible to estimate the α′-martensite content during cryogenic turning by means of in-situ measurement of process forces and temperatures.
Dioxygen at Biomimetic Single Metal-Atom Sites: Stabilization or Activation? The Case of CoTPyP/Au(111)
Authors: Armillotta F. , Pividori A. , Stredansky M. , Seriani N. , Vesselli E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBy means of a combined experimental and computational approach, we show that a 2D metal–organic framework self-assembled at the Au(111) termination is able to mimic the O2 stabilization and activation mechanisms that are typical of the biochemical environment of proteins and enzymes. 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)21H,23H-porphyrin cobalt(III) chloride (CoTPyP) molecules on Au(111) bind dioxygen forming a covalent bond at the Co center, yielding charge injection into the ligand by exploiting the surface trans-effect. A weakening of the O–O bond occurs, together with the development of a dipole moment, and a change in the molecule’s magnetic moment. Also the bonding geometry is similar to the biological counterpart, with the O2 molecule sitting on-top of the Co atom and the molecular axis tilted by 118°. The ligand configuration lays between the oxo- and the superoxo-species, in agreement with the observed O–O stretching frequency measured in situ at near-ambient pressure conditions.