bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using critical race theory to reframe mentor training: theoretical considerations regarding the ecological systems of mentorship
Authors: Vargas Jose H. , Saetermoe Carrie L. , Chavira Gabriela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article offers a theoretical and critical analysis of race-dysconscious mentorship involving students of color and white faculty. Inspired byecological systems theory,critical race theory, and the NIH-funded program,Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity: Promoting Opportunities for Diversity in Education and Research, our analysis considers the ecosystems that promote student pushout and hinder diversification of the scientific workforce, which call for “critical” alternatives to traditional research mentorship. We first examine the historical, social–political, institutional, interpersonal, and intrapsychic ecosystems of traditional mentor–protégé relationships. Two areas are reviewed: (a) “diversity” as it operates in universities and research laboratories and (b) the discursive properties of a dysconscious dialog that rationalizes modern racism. Next, we connect the five ecosystems of mentorship by integrating literature on critical history, white consciousness, the interpersonal context of mentoring, and mentor–protégé phenomenology. Our analysis demonstrates how the racialized lives of members involved in a mentoring relationship are situated within racist macro-level ecological systems wherein intrapsychic and interpersonal actions and discourses unfold. The development of race-consciousness and anti-racist faculty mentor training programs is also discussed.
What Colin Reynolds could tell us about nutrient limitation, N:P ratios and eutrophication control
Authors: Chorus Ingrid , Spijkerman Elly 
Published: August 2020

AbstractColin Reynolds exquisitely consolidated our understanding of driving forces shaping phytoplankton communities and those setting the upper limit to biomass yield, with limitation typically shifting from light in winter to phosphorus in spring. Nonetheless, co-limitation is frequently postulated from enhanced growth responses to enrichments with both N and P or from N:P ranging around the Redfield ratio, concluding a need to reduce both N and P in order to mitigate eutrophication. Here, we review the current understanding of limitation through N and P and of co-limitation. We conclude that Reynolds is still correct: (i) Liebig’s law of the minimum holds and reducing P is sufficient, provided concentrations achieved are low enough; (ii) analyses of nutrient limitation need to exclude evidently non-limiting situations, i.e. where soluble P exceeds 3–10 µg/l, dissolved N exceeds 100–130 µg/l and total P and N support high biomass levels with self-shading causing light limitation; (iii) additionally decreasing N to limiting concentrations may be useful in specific situations (e.g. shallow waterbodies with high internal P and pronounced denitrification); (iv) management decisions require local, situation-specific assessments. The value of research on stoichiometry and co-limitation lies in promoting our understanding of phytoplankton ecophysiology and community ecology.
Virtual Reality-Based Training: Case Study in Mechatronics
Authors: Kamińska Dorota , Zwoliński Grzegorz , Wiak Sławomir , Petkovska Lidija , Cvetkovski Goga , Barba Paolo Di , Mognaschi Maria Evelina , Haamer Rain Eric , Anbarjafari Gholamreza 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces, explains and illustrates real-life application of virtual training tool for electrical engineering education. The tool gives users the opportunity to interact with and manipulate 3D models of authentic devices. The users have a possibility to compare structural differences between devices, assemble and disassemble the machines and test them under extreme conditions, all of which would not be possible while working with a real device. The 3D devices are fully operational allowing the users to interact with them on every level, including analysis of impact of supply conditions i.e. modify voltage and frequency of a particular motor and monitor changes in performance while still operating. The main goal of this research was to evaluate effectiveness and educational values of the proposed tool. Early studies and feedback from educators and students prove this tool to be a great assistance to process of education, facilitating knowledge acquisition and providing an innovative way to put theory into practice.
Earthquakes and Economic Outcomes: Does Central Bank Independence Matter?
Authors: Klomp Jeroen , Sseruyange John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study explores whether the degree of central bank independence influences the economic performance in the period immediately following an earthquake. Earthquakes create a classic monetary policy challenge: how to accommodate the real shock in the short run with the objective of low inflation. The ultimate outcome of this dilemma depends for a large part on the degree of delegation of the monetary powers to an independent central bank and the inflation averseness of the central bank governors. Our main empirical findings clearly indicate that the increase in the inflation rate after an earthquake is significantly smaller when monetary policy is conducted by a more independent central bank. At the same time, countries with an independent central bank are confronted with a wider output gap after an earthquake suggesting a slower economic recovery.
A performance- and energy-oriented extended tuning process for time-step-based scientific applications
Authors: Kalinnik Natalia , Kiesel Robert , Rauber Thomas , Richter Marcel , Rünger Gudula 
Published: August 2020

AbstractScientific application codes are often long-running time- and energy-consuming parallel codes, and the tuning of these methods towards the characteristics of a specific hardware is essential for a good performance. However, since scientific software is often developed over many years, the application software usually survives several hardware generations, which might make a re-tuning of the existing codes necessary. To simplify the tuning process, it would be beneficial to have software with inherent tuning possibilities. In this article, we explore the possibilities of tuning methods for time-step-based applications. Two different time-step-based application classes are considered, which are solution methods for ordinary differential equations and particle simulation methods. The investigation comprises a broad range of tuning possibilities, starting from the choice of algorithms, the parallel programming model, static implementation variants, input characteristics as well as hardware parameters for parallel execution. An experimental investigation shows the different characteristics of the application classes on different multicore systems. The results show that a combination of offline and online tuning leads to good tuning results. However, due to the different input characteristics of the two application classes, regular versus irregular, different tuning aspects are most essential.
Environmental impact of high-value gold scrap recycling
Authors: Fritz Benjamin , Aichele Carin , Schmidt Mario 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The gold routes satisfying the global gold supply are mining (74%), recycling of high-value gold (23%), and electronic scraps (3%). Besides its applications in the investment, jewelry, and industrial sector, gold also has a bad image. The gold production in industrial as well as artisanal and small-scale mines creates negative impacts such as resource depletion, extensive chemical use, toxic emissions, high energy consumption, and social concerns that are of great importance. On the other hand, almost all gold is recycled and has historically always been. In common life cycle assessment (LCA) databases, there is no data on recycling of high-value gold available. This article attempts to answer the question what the ecological benefits of this recycling are.

Method
In this study, we were able to collect process data on the most commonly used high-value gold scrap recycling process, the aqua regia method, from several state-of-the-art German refineries. With this data, life cycle inventories were created and a life cycle model was produced to finally generate life cycle impacts of high-value gold scrap recycling.

Results
This study contains the corresponding inventories and thus enables other interested parties to use these processes for their own LCA studies. The results show that high-value gold scrap recycling has a considerably lower environmental impact than electronic gold scrap recycling and mining. For example, high-value gold scrap recycling in Germany results in a cumulative energy demand (CED) of 820 MJ and a global warming potential (GWP) of 53 kg-CO2-Eq. per kg gold. In comparison, common datasets indicate CED and GWP levels of nearly 8 GJ and 1 t-CO2-Eq. per kg gold, respectively, for electronic scrap recycling and levels of 240 GJ and 16 t-CO2-Eq. per kg gold, respectively, for mining.

Conclusion
The results show that buying gold from precious metal recycling facilities with high technological standards and a reliable origin of the recycling material is about 300 times better than primary production.
Fairness, Ethnicity, and COVID-19 Ethics
Authors: Paton Alexis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent weeks have seen an increased focus on the ethical response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ethics guidance has proliferated across Britain, with ethicists and those with a keen interest in ethics in their professions working to produce advice and support for the National Health Service. The guiding principles of the pandemic have emerged, in one form or another, to favour fairness, especially with regard to allocating resources and prioritizing care. However, fairness is not equivalent to equity when it comes to healthcare, and the focus on fairness means that existing guidance inadvertently discriminates against people from ethnic minority backgrounds. Drawing on early criticisms of existing clinical guidance (for example, the frailty decision tool) and ethical guidance in Britain, this essay will discuss the importance of including sociology, specifically the relationship between ethnicity and health, in any ethical and clinical guidance for care during the pandemic in the United Kingdom. To do otherwise, I will argue, would be actively choosing to allow a proportion of the British population to die for no other reason than their ethnic background. Finally, I will end by arguing why sociology must be a key component in any guidance, outlining how sociology was incorporated into the cross-college guidance produced by the Royal College of Physicians.
“We” Are In This Together, But We Are Not One and the Same
Authors: Braidotti R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is a man-made disaster, caused by undue interference in the ecological balance and the lives of multiple species. Paradoxically, the contagion has resulted in increased use of technology and digital mediation, as well as enhanced hopes for vaccines and biomedical solutions. It has thereby intensified humans’ reliance on the very high-tech economy of cognitive capitalism that caused the problems in the first place. This combination of ambivalent elements in relation to the Fourth Industrial revolution and the Sixth Extinction is the trademark of the posthuman condition. This essay explores this condition further, offering both critical and affirmative propositions for moving forward.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Ethics in Mexico Through a Gender Lens
Authors: Manrique De Lara Amaranta , De Jesús Medina Arellano María 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Mexico, significant ethical and social issues have been raised by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the most pressing issues are the extent of restrictive measures, the reciprocal duties to healthcare workers, the allocation of scarce resources, and the need for research. While policy and ethical frameworks are being developed to face these problems, the gender perspective has been largely overlooked in most of the issues at stake. Domestic violence is the most prevalent form of violence against women, which can be exacerbated during a pandemic: stress and economic uncertainty are triggers for abuse, and confinement limits access to support networks. Confinement also exacerbates the unfair distribution of unpaid labor, which is disproportionately assigned to women and girls, and highlights inequality in the overall labor market. Lack of security measures has resulted in attacks towards health workers, particularly female nurses, due to fear of contamination. Finally, resource results in lack of access to other health necessities, including sexual and reproductive health services. Research across all disciplines to face—and to learn from—this crisis should be done through a gender lens, because understanding the realities of women is essential to understand the pandemic’s true effects in Mexico and the world.
Influence of glenosphere diameter and lateralization on instability of reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Wegmann K. , Alikhah A. , Leschinger T. , Harbrecht A. , Müller L. P. , Hackl M. , Ott N. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Prosthetic replacement of the proximal humerus with reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is an established means of treatment. Due to its unique biomechanical characteristics, RSA can restore shoulder function to a satisfying level in the case of cuff tear arthropathy, arthritis, and fractures. However, complications are frequent in RSA, one of the more common being implant instability with dislocation. The present study investigated the influence of glenosphere diameter and metaglene lateralization using a unique test setup.

Methods
Seven fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens of the shoulder were thawed and dissected. The subscapularis muscle, the infraspinatus, and the three heads of the deltoid muscle were fixed to a pulley system. After implanting an RSA in different configurations (38/42 mm glenosphere with lateralization of +0 mm, +5 mm, or +10 mm), the implants were dislocated using selective muscle pull. The frequency of dislocations depending on the prosthesis configuration was documented.

Results
The larger glenosphere diameter of 42 mm showed less dislocations than the diameter of 38 mm (39 vs. 46). Lateralization of +0, +5 mm, and +10 mm showed 26, 29, and 30, dislocations, respectively. Dislocation via pull on the infraspinatus muscle was most frequent. None of the results reached statistical significance.

Conclusion
The current investigation used a novel technique for investigating the effect of lateralization and glenosphere diameter on RSA instability. Despite indicating tendencies, the present test setup could not prove the hypothesis that a larger glenosphere diameter and increased lateralization add to stability. The lack of statistical significance could be attributable to the low specimen number. The clinical significance of lateralization and glenosphere diameter should be further assessed in future biomechanical investigations.
Health outcomes in offspring born to survivors of childhood cancers following assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Sommerhäuser Greta , Borgmann-Staudt Anja , Astrahantseff Kathy , Baust Katja , Calaminus Gabriele , Dittrich Ralf , Fernández-González Marta J. , Hölling Heike , König Charlotte J. , Schilling Ralph , Schuster Theresa , Lotz Laura , Balcerek Magdalena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
An increasing number of childhood cancer survivors are using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to overcome treatment-related fertility impairment. We report perinatal and health outcomes of offspring born to survivors following ART.

Methods
The FeCt Multicenter Offspring Study surveyed the health of offspring of childhood cancer survivors. Health outcomes in offspring born to survivors following ART (n = 57, 4.6%) or after spontaneous conception (n = 1182) were assessed in the German cohort (n = 1239) using bivariate analysis. Findings were put into the context of the general German population by health outcome assessment in 1:1 matched-pair analysis (n = 2478).

Results
Nearly twice the survivors used ART compared with numbers reported for the German general population (4.6% vs. 2.6%). Successful pregnancies were achieved after a median of two cycles, mainly using non-cryopreserved oocytes/sperm. Multiple sibling births (p < 0.001, 28.1% vs. 3.0%) and low birth weight (p = 0.008; OR = 2.659, 95% CI = 1.258–5.621) occurred significantly more often in offspring born to survivors who utilized ART than spontaneously conceived children, whereas similar percentages were born preterm or too small for their gestational age. ART did not increase the prevalence of childhood cancer or congenital malformations in offspring born to survivors.

Conclusion
ART use by childhood cancer survivors was successful with both fresh and cryopreserved oocytes/sperm, and did not influence perinatal health or health outcomes when known confounders were taken into account.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Oncofertility is an important component of patient care. Our study implicates that the utilization of ART by adult survivors of childhood cancer does not put offspring at additional risk for adverse perinatal or health outcomes.
Applying the Values of Geoethics for Sustainable Speleotourism Development
Authors: Antić Aleksandar , Peppoloni Silvia , Di Capua Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEstablishing sustainable and responsible speleotourism development is a major challenge and involves complex activities. Adequate theoretical starting point is the application of geoethical values related to the conservation and protection of the caves to be used for touristic purposes. Positive and negative cases of human behaviors towards speleological geoheritage are discussed, in order to highlight what should be done in cave management to avoid malpractices and on what elements could be founded adequate strategies aimed at promoting sustainable speleotourism. This is important to tourism management organizations involved in the promotion of caves and in creating economic opportunities for local populations, while respecting cave ecosystems. Modern cave management must be focused on the protection of the cave ecosystems, finding ways to achieve at the same time an economic development of local communities. But this approach needs the adoption of a geoethical framework of values to be shared by all stakeholders involved so that successful cooperation can be achieved despite differences in interests and expectations. The aim of this paper is to raise the awareness about the need to apply the values of geoethics to speleotourism, stimulating new fields of discussion within the scientific and technical communities involved in studies and activities related to geotourism and geoheritage. The possibilities of developing new ways to manage caves, in order to promote a sustainable socio-economic development of local communities, have to be balanced with the protection of natural environments as much as possible. The proposed theoretical frameworks have the goal to increase the discussion on the best ways of connecting speleotourism to sustainable and responsible cave management, presenting two case studies, and pointing out potential solutions.
Assessing the Past and Future Sustainability of Global Helium Resources, Extraction, Supply and Use, Using the Integrated Assessment Model WORLD7
Authors: Olafsdottir Anna Hulda , Sverdrup Harald Ulrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe sustainability of the helium production, supply and use was assessed using the WORLD7 integrated model. The use of helium is at present concluded to be unsustainable with respect to long-term supply security, because of lack of significant recycling. There is no risk for significant helium scarcity in the short term (before 2030), but in the long term, the scarcity risk is unavoidable under business as usual. The helium supply runs into limitations by 2090, under business as usual and supply declines after that. The study shows that the present helium recycling rate is far too low, causing helium to be squandered in one-way use and that is driving helium prices up. A scenario analysis with the WORLD7 model suggests that a sustained program for helium recycling and demand management, combined with political efforts to ban unnecessary use, will be able to significantly improve the long-term helium supply situation. The outputs show that such efforts may be sufficient for avoiding any scarcity under the demand assumptions taken.
Auf dem Weg zur responsiven Demokratie? Online-Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung in der Stadtentwicklung als aktiver Link zwischen Kommunalpolitik und Bevölkerung
Authors: Radtke Jörg , Saßmannshausen Sheree May 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungÖffentlichkeitsbeteiligung setzt mehr und mehr auf Online-Formate. Was können neue technische Möglichkeiten im Infrastrukturkontext leisten? Lassen sich so ein stärkerer Einbezug von BürgerInnen sowie eine bessere Vermittlung und Rückkopplung zwischen lokaler Bevölkerung, Politik und Fachplanung erreichen?Die These des vorliegenden Beitrages besteht darin, dass, erstens, jenseits der klassischen Legitimationskonzepte Kategorien der Responsivität, Nähe und Sichtbarkeit für die Legitimitätsgenerierung entscheidend sind, welche, zweitens, durch Online-Formate befördert werden können. Anhand eines kommunalen Fallbeispiels werden einige Optionen für Echtzeit-Formate und Virtual Planning in der Stadtentwicklung exemplifiziert und aufgezeigt, wie Responsivität erzeugt werden kann. Hierbei kommen dem Design der Applikation, den Einstellungen von Politik und Verwaltung sowie einer passenden Beteiligungskultur/-strategie und umfassenden Mobilisierung der Bevölkerung, der gelingenden Verknüpfung mit Offline-Formaten, dem Vorhandensein von Ressourcen für den Betrieb und einem proaktiven Management der Beteiligungsplattform zentrale Bedeutung zu.
Clinical presentation and management of acromegaly in elderly patients
Authors: Ceccato Filippo , Barbot Mattia , Lizzul Laura , Cuccarollo Angela , Selmin Elisa , Merante Boschin Isabella , Daniele Andrea , Saller Alois , Occhi Gianluca , Regazzo Daniela , Scaroni Carla 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and aim
Acromegaly is a rare disease with a peak of incidence in early adulthood. However, enhanced awareness of this disease, combined with wide availability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has increased the diagnosis of forms with mild presentation, especially in elderly patients. Moreover, due to increased life expectancy and proactive individualized treatment, patients with early-onset acromegaly are today aging. The aim of our study was to describe our cohort of elderly patients with acromegaly.

Materials and methods
This is a cross-sectional retrospective study of 96 outpatients. Clinical, endocrine, treatment, and follow-up data were collected using the electronic database of the University Hospital of Padova, Italy.

Results
We diagnosed acromegaly in 13 patients, aged ≥65 years, presenting with relatively small adenomas and low IGF-1 secretion. Among them, 11 patients were initially treated with medical therapy and half normalized hormonal levels after 6 months without undergoing neurosurgery (TNS). Remission was achieved after TNS in three out of four patients (primary TNS in two); ten patients presented controlled acromegaly at the last visit. Acromegaly-related comorbidities (colon polyps, thyroid cancer, adrenal incidentaloma, hypertension, and bone disease) were more prevalent in patients who had an early diagnosis (31 patients, characterized by a longer follow-up of 24 years) than in those diagnosed aged ≥65 years (5 years of follow-up).

Conclusions
Elderly acromegalic patients are not uncommon. Primary medical therapy is a reasonable option and is effectively used, while the rate of surgical success is not reduced. A careful cost-benefit balance is suggested. Disease-specific comorbidities are more prevalent in acromegalic patients with a longer follow-up rather than in those diagnosed aged ≥65 years.