bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar but Still Different: Which Amino Acid Residues Are Responsible for Varying Activities in Type‐III Copper Enzymes?
Authors: Kampatsikas Ioannis , Rompel Annette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractType‐III copper enzymes like polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are ubiquitous among organisms and play a significant role in the formation of pigments. PPOs comprise different enzyme groups, including tyrosinases (TYRs) and catechol oxidases (COs). TYRs catalyze the o‐hydroxylation of monophenols and the oxidation of o‐diphenols to the corresponding o‐quinones (EC 1.14.18.1). In contrast, COs only catalyze the oxidation of o‐diphenols to the corresponding o‐quinones (EC 1.10.3.1). To date (August 2020), 102 PDB entries encompassing 18 different proteins from 16 organisms and several mutants have been reported, identifying key residues for tyrosinase activity. The structural similarity between TYRs and COs, especially within and around the active center, complicates the elucidation of their modes of action on a structural basis. However, mutagenesis studies illuminate residues that influence the two activities and show that crystallography on its own cannot elucidate the enzymatic activity mode. Several amino acid residues around the dicopper active center have been proposed to play an essential role in the two different activities. Herein, we critically review the role of all residues identified so far that putatively affect the two activities of PPOs.
Immune‐mediated drug‐induced liver injury secondary to Omeprazole: A case report
Authors: Seife Hassen Sara , Ata Fateen , Bint I Bilal Ammara , Salih Ali Mohamed , Petkar Mahir , Awad Elzouki Abdelnaser Y. , Zahid Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOmeprazole is a rare cause of DILI with autoimmune hepatitis features and should be considered when seeing patients with acute liver injury. The causative drug should be promptly identified and discontinued to avoid any permanent liver damage.
Epidural analgesia for acute ischemic pain after intra‐arterial zolpidem injection in opioid‐addicted patient—A case report
Authors: Krajina Kmoniček Irena , Kvolik Slavica , Pinotić Kresimir , Ištvanić Tomislav , Mraovic Boris , Marjanovic Ksenija 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA patient taking opioid maintenance therapy unintentionally injected dissolved zolpidem pills into the femoral artery and suffered acute limb ischemia. High amounts of opioids with supplemental therapies were inefficient for intractable ischemic pain, suggesting the presence of opioid‐induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Epidural analgesia efficiently relieved pain and symptoms of OIH.
Stereoselectivity Enhancement During the Generation of Three Contiguous Stereocenters in Tetrahydrothiophenes
Authors: Mała Żaneta A. , Janicki Mikołaj J. , Niedźwiecka Natalia H. , Góra Robert W. , Konieczny Krzysztof A. , Kowalczyk Rafał 
Published: October 2020

AbstractApplication of carefully designed Cinchona alkaloid based squaramides resulted in the formation of three contiguous stereocenters in enantio‐ and diastereoselective Sulfa‐Michael/intramolecular aldol reactions cascade. Increase of the temperature to 333 K in reaction of mercaptoacetic aldehyde and various en‐ynones allowed the rise of the reaction rate while not affecting the enantioselectivity nor diastereoselectivity. Stereoselectivity was dependent on the structure of the hydrogen‐bonding unit, thus revealing the importance of weak interactions in the formation of the multifunctional tetrahydrothiophenes. Kohn‐Sham Density Functional Theory results suggest that a perfect fit of the electrophile and squaramide via tailored (+)N−H hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions were the main factors of the chirality transfer.
Plasma‐Induced Defects Enhance the Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity of MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2 for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Cabrero‐Antonino María , Albero Josep , García‐Vallés Cristina , Álvaro Mercedes , Navalón Sergio , García Hermenegildo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDefect engineering in metal‐organic frameworks is commonly performed by using thermal or chemical treatments. Herein we report that oxygen plasma treatment generates structural defects on MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2, leading to an increase in its photocatalytic activity. Characterization data indicate that plasma‐treated materials retain most of their initial crystallinity, while exhibiting somewhat lower surface area and pore volume. XPS and FT‐IR spectroscopy reveal that oxygen plasma induces MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2 partial terephthalate decarboxylation and an increase in the Ti‐OH population. Thermogravimetric analyses confirm the generation of structural defects by oxygen plasma and allowed an estimation of the resulting experimental formula of the treated MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2 solids. SEM analyses show that oxygen plasma treatment of MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2 gradually decreases its particle size. Importantly, diffuse reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy and valence band measurements demonstrate that oxygen plasma treatment alters the MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2 band gap and, more significantly, the alignment of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied crystal orbitals. An optimal oxygen plasma treatment to achieve the highest efficiency in water splitting with or without methanol as sacrificial electron donor under UV/Vis or simulated sunlight was determined. The optimized plasma‐treated MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2 photocatalyst acts as a truly heterogeneous photocatalyst and retains most of its initial photoactivity and crystallinity upon reuse.
Chemical‐Synthesis‐Based Approach to Glycoprotein Functions in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Ito Yukishige , Kajihara Yasuhiro , Takeda Yoichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe introduction of Asn‐linked glycans to nascent polypeptides occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells. After the removal of specific sugar residues, glycoproteins acquire signals in the glycoprotein quality control (GPQC) system and enter the folding cycle composed of lectin‐chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT), glucosidase II (G‐II), and UDP‐Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT). G‐II initiates glycoproteins’ entry and exit from the cycle, and UGGT serves as the “folding sensor”. This account summarizes our effort to analyze the properties of enzymes and lectins that play important roles in GPQC, especially those involved in the CNX/CRT cycle. To commence our study, general methods for the synthesis of high‐mannose‐type glycans and glycoproteins were established. Based on these, various substrates to analyze components of the GPQC were created, and properties of CRT, G‐II, and UGGT have been clarified.
Stage and mortality of low‐income patients with cancer: Evidence from SEER‐Medicaid
Authors: Bradley Cathy J. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Enewold Lindsey , Warren Joan L. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundA national data source for identifying patients with cancer enrolled in Medicaid is needed to evaluate cancer care for low‐income, publicly insured patients. In this study, a population‐based data set of patients diagnosed with cancer and enrolled in Medicaid was created and evaluated. The objective was to compare the characteristics of patients with cancer identified in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data and linked to the Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) Personal Summary files with the characteristics of patients who were not linked to the MAX file.MethodsAll persons in 14 SEER registries diagnosed with cancer from 2006 to 2013 who were or were not linked to the 2006‐2013 nationwide MAX files were selected, and patient demographic characteristics were compared for 3 age groups. Common cancer sites and the timing of Medicaid enrollment with respect to patients' cancer diagnoses were reported, and the stage at diagnosis and 4‐year mortality were compared by 3 categories of Medicaid enrollment.ResultsApproximately 18% of the sample was enrolled in Medicaid within 25 months of diagnosis. Enrollees had a greater proportion of racial/ethnic minorities in comparison with patients who were not enrolled. A late‐stage diagnosis was more common among Medicaid patients and particularly among those who enrolled after their diagnosis. For every common cancer site, mortality was highest in the sample of Medicaid patients who enrolled after their diagnosis.ConclusionsThe Medicaid enrollment data newly added to SEER records enhance researchers' ability to investigate research questions related to Medicaid policies and care delivery. For patients enrolled before their diagnosis, Medicaid appears to offer protection against late‐stage disease and mortality.
Case study of the integration of electronic patient‐reported outcomes as standard of care in a head and neck oncology practice: Obstacles and opportunities
Authors: Strachna Olga , Cohen Marc A. , Allison Monica M. , Pfister David G. , Lee Nancy Y. , Wong Richard J. , McBride Sean M. , Mohammed Raia R. , Kemeny Elizabeth , Polubriaginof Fernanda C. G. , Kassa Alyse , Hannon Michael , Cracchiolo Jennifer R. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) allow for the direct measurement of functional and psychosocial effects related to treatment. However, technological barriers, survey fatigue, and clinician adoption have hindered the meaningful integration of PROs into clinical care. The objective of the authors was to develop an electronic PROs (ePROs) program that meets a range of clinical needs across a head and neck multidisciplinary disease management team.MethodsThe authors developed the ePROs module using literature review and stakeholder input in collaboration with health informatics. They designed an ePROs platform that was integrated as the standard of care for personalized survey delivery by diagnosis across the disease management team. Tableau software was used to create dashboards for data visualization and monitoring at the clinical enterprise, disease subsite, and patient levels. All patients who were treated for head and neck cancer were eligible for ePROs assessment as part of the standard of care. A descriptive analysis of ePROs program implementation is presented herein.ResultsThe Head and Neck Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has integrated ePROs into clinical care. Surveys are delivered via the patient portal at the time of diagnosis and longitudinally through care. From August 1, 2018, to February 1, 2020, a total of 4154 patients completed ePROs surveys. The average patient participation rate was 69%, with a median time for completion of 5 minutes.ConclusionsIntegration of the head and neck ePROs program as part of clinical care is feasible and could be used to assess value and counsel patients in the future. Continued qualitative assessments of stakeholders and workflow will refine content and enhance the health informatics platform.Lay Summary

Patients with head and neck cancer experience significant changes in their quality of life after treatment.

Measuring and integrating patient‐reported outcomes as a part of clinical care have been challenging given the multimodal treatment options, vast subsites, and unique domains affected.

The authors present a case study of the successful integration of electronic patient‐reported outcomes into a high‐volume head and neck cancer practice.
Formalin fixation for optimal concordance of programmed death‐ligand 1 immunostaining between cytologic and histologic specimens from patients with non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Koomen Bregje M. , van der Starre‐Gaal Jose , Vonk Judith M. , von der Thüsen Jan H. , van der Meij Jacqueline J. C. , Monkhorst Kim , Willems Stefan M. , Timens Wim , ’t Hart Nils A. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundImmunohistochemical staining of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is used to determine which patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may benefit most from immunotherapy. Therapeutic management of many patients with NSCLC is based on cytology instead of histology. In this study, concordance of PD‐L1 immunostaining between cytology cell blocks and their histologic counterparts was analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of various fixatives and fixation times on PD‐L1 immunoreactivity was studied.MethodsPaired histologic and cytologic samples from 67 patients with NSCLC were collected by performing fine‐needle aspiration on pneumonectomy/lobectomy specimens. Formalin‐fixed, agar‐based or CytoLyt/PreservCyt‐fixed Cellient cell blocks were prepared. Sections from cell blocks and tissue blocks were stained with SP263 (standardized assay) and 22C3 (laboratory‐developed test) antibodies. PD‐L1 scores were compared between histology and cytology. In addition, immunostaining was compared between PD‐L1–expressing human cell lines fixed in various fixatives at increasing increments in fixation duration.ResultsAgar cell blocks and tissue blocks showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.70 and κ = 0.67, respectively), whereas fair‐to‐moderate agreement was found between Cellient cell blocks and histology (κ = 0.28 and κ = 0.49, respectively). Cell lines fixed in various alcohol‐based fixatives showed less PD‐L1 immunoreactivity compared with those fixed in formalin. In contrast to SP263, additional formalin fixation after alcohol fixation resulted in preserved staining intensity using the 22C3 laboratory‐developed test and the 22C3 pharmDx assay.ConclusionsPerforming PD‐L1 staining on cytologic specimens fixed in alcohol‐based fixatives could result in false‐negative immunostaining results, whereas fixation in formalin leads to higher and more histology‐concordant PD‐L1 immunostaining. The deleterious effect of alcohol fixation could be reversed to some degree by postfixation in formalin.
Non‐financial disclosure and information asymmetry: A stakeholder view on US listed firms
Authors: Romito Stefano , Vurro Clodia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to test whether the structure of non‐financial disclosure, defined as the diffusion of financial, social, and environmental information as part of the dialog between a firm and its stakeholders, reduce information asymmetry. We adopt a stakeholder view of the firm to analyze the structure of non‐financial disclosure along three dimensions: non‐financial disclosure depth, breadth, and concentration. To operationalize the variables, we applied content analysis technique to non‐financial reports released by US firms included in S&P500 index over the period 2004–2014. We combined content data and Bid‐Ask spread data to test our hypotheses relying on feasible least squared (FLGS) estimation method. Results show that both the level of non‐financial disclosure and the breadth of stakeholder‐related themes covered in the reports reduce information asymmetry. In addition, firms that are consistent in how information is distributed across the different stakeholder categories benefit from lower opacity and reduced information asymmetry. Our findings contribute to the debate on the need to move beyond a one‐fits‐all approach to the study of non‐financial disclosure and its related impacts.
Corporate environmental performance and financing constraints: An empirical study in the Chinese context
Authors: Liu Zhenjie , Li Weian , Hao Chen , Liu Huan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBetween 2006 and 2017, 2,965 Chinese firms listed on the Shanghai/Shenzhen Stock Exchange have been studied to investigate whether better corporate environmental performance (CEP) leads to better access to capital and mitigates firms' financing constraints. It is hypothesized that better access to finance can be attributed to the increased government support due to enhanced firm political legitimacy and market legitimacy. Event studies find that the firms with better CEP suffer significantly lower finance constraints, and the evidence from the studies proves that firms' political legitimacy and market legitimacy are important in mitigating finance constraints. The results of the studies are confirmed by using two alternative measures of capital constraints and CEP, an instrumental variable approach, and a simultaneous equations approach.
The impact of type 2 diabetes on the development of tendinopathy
Authors: Cannata Francesca , Vadalà Gianluca , Ambrosio Luca , Napoli Nicola , Papalia Rocco , Denaro Vincenzo , Pozzilli Paolo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTendinopathy is a chronic and often painful condition affecting both professional athletes and sedentary subjects. It is a multi‐etiological disorder caused by the interplay among overload, ageing, smoking, obesity (OB) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several studies have identified a strong association between tendinopathy and T2D, with increased risk of tendon pain, rupture and worse outcomes after tendon repair in patients with T2D. Moreover, consequent immobilization due to tendon disorder has a strong impact on diabetes management by reducing physical activity and worsening the quality of life. Multiple investigations have been performed to analyse the causal role of the individual metabolic factors occurring in T2D on the development of tendinopathy. Chronic hyperglycaemia, advanced glycation end‐products, OB and insulin resistance have been shown to contribute to the development of diabetic tendinopathy. This review aims to explore the relationship between tendinopathy and T2D, in order to define the contribution of metabolic factors involved in the degenerative process and to discuss possible strategies for the clinical management of diabetic tendinopathy.
Disjunction between canola distribution and the genetic structure of its recently described pest, the canola flower midge (Contarinia brassicola)
Authors: Campbell Erin O. , Dupuis Julian R. , Holowachuk Jennifer , Hladun Shane , Vankosky Meghan A. , Mori Boyd A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPopulation genomics is a useful tool to support integrated pest management as it can elucidate population dynamics, demography, and histories of invasion. Here, we use a restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing approach combined with whole‐genome amplification (WGA) to assess genomic population structure of a newly described pest of canola, the diminutive canola flower midge, Contarinia brassicola. Clustering analyses recovered little geographic structure across the main canola production region but differentiated several geographically disparate populations at edges of the agricultural zone. Given a lack of alternative hypotheses for this pattern, we suggest these data support alternative hosts for this species and thus our canola‐centric view of this midge as a pest has limited our understanding of its biology. These results speak to the need for increased surveying efforts across multiple habitats and other potential hosts within Brassicaceae to improve both our ecological and evolutionary knowledge of this species and contribute to effective management strategies. We additionally found that use of WGA prior to library preparation was an effective method for increasing DNA quantity of these small insects prior to restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing and had no discernible impact on genotyping consistency for population genetic analysis; WGA is therefore likely to be tractable for other similar studies that seek to randomly sample markers across the genome in small organisms.
Mechanisms governing avian phylosymbiosis: Genetic dissimilarity based on neutral and MHC regions exhibits little relationship with gut microbiome distributions of Galápagos mockingbirds
Authors: Fleischer Ramona , Risely Alice , Hoeck Paquita E. A. , Keller Lukas F. , Sommer Simone 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe gut microbiome of animals, which serves important functions but can also contain potential pathogens, is to varying degrees under host genetic control. This can generate signals of phylosymbiosis, whereby gut microbiome composition matches host phylogenetic structure. However, the genetic mechanisms that generate phylosymbiosis and the scale at which they act remain unclear. Two non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses are that phylosymbiosis is driven by immunogenetic regions such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) controlling microbial composition, or by spatial structuring of neutral host genetic diversity via founder effects, genetic drift, or isolation by distance. Alternatively, associations between microbes and host phylogeny may be generated by their spatial autocorrelation across landscapes, rather than the direct effects of host genetics. In this study, we collected MHC, microsatellite, and gut microbiome data from separate individuals belonging to the Galápagos mockingbird species complex, which consists of four allopatrically distributed species. We applied multiple regression with distance matrices and Bayesian inference to test for correlations between average genetic and microbiome similarity across nine islands for which all three levels of data were available. Clustering of individuals by species was strongest when measured with microsatellite markers and weakest for gut microbiome distributions, with intermediate clustering of MHC allele frequencies. We found that while correlations between island‐averaged gut microbiome composition and both microsatellite and MHC dissimilarity existed across species, these relationships were greatly weakened when accounting for geographic distance. Overall, our study finds little support for large‐scale control of gut microbiome composition by neutral or adaptive genetic regions across closely related bird phylogenies, although this does not preclude the possibility that host genetics shapes gut microbiome at the individual level.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for the threatened African endemic tree species Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir.
Authors: Johnson Benziwa Nathalie , Quashie Marie Luce Akossiwoa , Chaix Gilles , Camus‐Kulandaivelu Letizia , Adjonou Kossi , Segla Kossi Novinyo , Kokutse Adzo Dzifa , Ouinsavi Christine , Bationo Babou André , Rabiou Habou , Kokou Kouami , Vignes Hélène 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo study the genetic diversity and structure of the forest species Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir., seventeen polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized, using next‐generation sequencing. Three hundred and sixty‐five (365) individuals were analyzed within fifteen (15) West African populations. The number of alleles for these loci varied from 4 to 30, and the heterozygosity varied from 0.23 to 0.82. The seventeen (17) primers designed here will allow characterizing the genetic diversity of this threaten species on its natural stands and to better understand the population differentiation mechanisms shaping it.