bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Children Learn to Speak
Authors: Sadath K. Asfar 
Published: June 2020

Children acquire language spontaneously without being explicitly taught how. Their mastery of sounds passes through stages determined by a progression from unmarked (ontologically primary) to more marked sounds, unmarked ones also being those most commonly found in languages and least likely to erode over time, as discovered by founding linguist Roman Jakobson. Their mastery of other aspects of grammar proceeds along with their ability to master rules rather than simply memorize.
“OPTIMIZATION OF GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP:A REVIEW”
Authors: Patel Anand Kumar , Mishra Pankaj 
Published: June 2020

To effectively exploit the heat capacity of the soil a heat-exchanger system has to be constructed. Usually an array of buried pipes running along the length of the building, a nearby field or buried vertically into the ground is utilized. A circulating fluid (water or air) is used in summer to extract heat from the hot environment of the building and dump it into the ground and vice versa in winter. A heat pump may also be coupled to the ground heat exchanger to increase its efficiency. In the literature several calculation models are found for ground heat exchangers. One-dimensional models were devised in the first stages of the system study which were replaced by two- dimensional models during the nineties and three-dimensional systems during the recent years. The present study are further refined and can accept any type of grid geometry that may give greater detail of the temperature variation around the pipes and in the ground.
Shahid Nadeem’s Play Dara and the Distortion of the History
Authors: Altaf Mubashar , Tassawar Rafia , Malik Munnazza Abbas , Tehseen Farwa 
Published: June 2020

The present research paper explores the text of the play Dara written by Shahid Nadeem from the power-knowledge nexus perspective. The researcher finds that the play depicts that history represented by the ruling class is fabricated, which presents historical heroes as villains and villains as heroes. The researcher analyzes Shahid Nadeem’s play Dara to see how the historical character of Aurangzeb Alamgir is represented in the play. It is a commonplace to look at the emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir as a devoted Muslim who indulges his time to serve Islam. However, the researcher finds that the play questions this representation of Aurangzeb Alamgir in the history books and redefines him as a fanatic and extremist who use religion to take revenge on his brother and who shook the very spirit of Islam. The researcher uses Michael Foucault's concept of history, power, and knowledge. History is not linear, history is not what is told through textbooks and media; history is buried and there is a need to dig the buried truth. The findings of this research show that Shahid Nadeem presents two ideologies by his play, the Sufi image of Islam and the fundamentalist image of Islam. He brings the forgotten hero on the stage of the theatre. Nadeem questions and exposed the nexus of power and knowledge.
Adverse and Beneficial Effects of Woody Biomass Feedstock Plantations on Biodiversity and Wildlife Habitats
Authors: Némethy Sándor , Szemethy László 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Woody biomass feedstock is suitable for direct combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, ethanol or methanol production yielding heat, charcoal, pyrolysis oil, green electricity and bio-propellants. However, there are several issues concerning the environmental, social and economic sustainability of woody biomass production connected to land use, protection of wildlife habitats, conservation and remediation of landscapes. Establishing energy plantations on arable lands or on grasslands is generally considered as working against nature conservation, while setting them up in polluted areas or wastelands could be advantageous for wildlife, because of 1. more permanent cover that provides shelter and biomass for feeding, which is especially important in winter periods; 2. higher architectural complexity of vegetation providing more place for nesting and feeding for wildlife; 3. exploiting the advantages of root filtration, phytoremediation, or using less chemicals; 4. forbs in the undergrowth and young shoots able to provide better quality food for wildlife than the intensive monocultures. The solution is a complex management system, including land use, phytoremediation, waste and wastewater management and ecosystem-based planning incorporated in one dynamic structure.
Soybean milk extender improves sperm functional and oxidative stress parameters of goat sperm during slow and rapid freezing
Authors: Sorongbe Taiwo Amidu , Daramola James Ola , Onagbesan Okanlawon Mohammed , Jegede Adebayo Vincent , Adekunle Ezekiel Oluwafemi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine effects of soybean milk extender on sperm quality end points of cryopreserved goat sperm. Pooled ejaculates from West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were diluted with various amounts (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 ml) of soybean milk (SBM) in Tris-extenders, subjected to slow or rapid freezing for 30 days and subsequently thawed and evaluated. Inclusion of SBM in extenders improved sperm quality (P < 0.05) compared to control (egg yolk-based extender) for both slow and rapid freezing methods. Semen cryopreserved with 10 or 15 % SBM extender had higher (P < 0.05) motility compared to other concentrations and the control using slow freezing. Although both cryoprotocols had higher (P < 0.05) acrosome integrity when cryopreserved with 20 % SBM extender, acrosome integrity at 20 % SBM was higher (P < 0.05) in rapid freezing compared to slow freezing. Semen cryopreserved with SBM extenders had lower (P < 0.05) Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in 10 to 20 % SBM extenders for both freezing methods, although MDA concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in slow freezing compared to rapid freezing. Semen cryopreserved with SBM extenders in both protocols had fewer (P < 0.05) leukocytes and a higher (P < 0.05) acrosome reaction and sperm capacitation, whereas there was a higher (P < 0.05) acrosome reaction with 10 and 5 % SBM extenders using slow and rapid freezing respectively. In conclusion, for goat semen cryopreserved using slow or rapid freezing protocols, SBM extenders improved functional, fertilizing and seminal oxidative stress end points.
Effects of dietary vegetable oils on growth, lipogenic enzyme activities and tissue fatty acid composition of Heterobranchus longifilis
Authors: Babalola Theophilus Olayiwola , Olasunkanmi John Bunmi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Feasibility of total replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils (palm oil (PO) and soybean oil (SO)) in practical diet for Heterobranchus longifilis fingerlings was evaluated. Six iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were prepared. Control diet (A) used FO as the lipid source, diets B–F contained various blends of palm and soybean oils. Fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for twelve weeks. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed for feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio or specific growth rates among dietary treatments. Activities of glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malic enzyme (ME) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fish fed diet C (1.5 % PO). Generally, hepatic G6PDH activity was about 3-4 times higher than ME activity in fish fed the experimental diets. The tissue fatty acid (FA) profiles in fillet and liver reflected the dietary FA compositions. However, the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were higher in fish tissue (fillet and liver) than in the diets. Results from the present study indicate that replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil resulted in satisfactory growth and body composition characteristics in Heterobranchus longifilis. Compared with soybean oil, palm oil is relatively cheap and readily available; therefore, diet F (6 % PO) is recommended for use in H. longifilis diet.
Orange fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) and productivity: the case of smallholders in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Babatunde Raphael Olanrewaju , Omoniwa Adeyemi Esther , Adeniyi Adebanke Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In rural Nigeria, most households cannot afford food products rich in vitamin A which gave rise to the introduction of bio-fortified agricultural produces. One of these is the Orange Fleshed Sweet Potatoes (OFSP). Although introduced about six years ago, empirical evidence as regards the actual level of adoption as well as its effect on their productivity remains relatively scarce. The analysis was built on a field survey of 183 smallholders in Kwara State, Nigeria conducted in the year 2016. Tobit model and the Heckman’s two stage models were used to model the determinants the intensity of cultivation and the effect of OFSP’s cultivation on the income of the smallholders. Results indicate that almost 87% of the smallholders sampled were into the cultivation of OFSP with 56% of them cultivating it solely for family consumption and its nutritional value. Also, 44% of them put less than half a hectare of their farmland to the cultivation of OFSP. The result showed that aged smallholders, members of cooperative groups and those who cultivate OFSP solely have a smaller proportion of their farmland cultivated to OFSP. Similarly, the age of the smallholders, household size, years of schooling, cost of production were the factors that significantly influence the cultivation OFSP on the income of the smallholders. The policy implication of this is that the potentials of OFSP have to be promoted particularly among the rural smallholders most especially through the existing cooperative groups. This can either be through organized seminars or specifically through demonstration plots.
Perceived effect of livestock waste on wellbeing of farm workers and residents within farm catchment area in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Fadairo Olusola Samuel , Adeleke Oluwaseun Aderonke , Olowofoyeku Beatrice Oluwatosin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The attempt to improve protein consumption among Nigerians through increase in livestock production has led to an upward trend in the quantity of waste generated in recent years. In this study we examined the perceived effect of livestock waste on the wellbeing of farm workers and residents within farm catchment area in Oyo State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 148 respondents for the study. Data were obtained using a structured interview schedule and analysed using descriptive statistics, namely frequency, percentages and t-test. The data revealed that 34.5 % of respondents fell in the age range of 21–30 years. Most (68.9 %) of them were males and 56.8 % had tertiary education. Majority (56.1 %) had a poultry flock size ranging from 1,001 to 10,000 birds, 67 % had piggery herd size ranging between 101 and 500 with 57.3 % of livestock farms situated within farm settlements. The respondents generated more of cracked eggs, manure and litters as wastes. Forty-seven percent of the respondents utilised disinfection and 40.0 % used treatment of feeds as the major waste management practices whereas biomass production was least used (5 %). Closing of windows early was the major indicated coping strategy for disturbances from waste. Significant difference exists between residents’ and farm workers’ perception of livestock wastes on their wellbeing in the study area (t = 3.693, P = 0.000). Farm workers and residents perceived the effect of livestock waste on their wellbeing to be low. Wellbeing of residents was more affected with livestock waste than that of workers. There is a need to formulate rules and regulations governing safe handling of waste in order to minimise its impact on the wellbeing of citizens.
Off-farm income diversification among rural farm households in Nigeria
Authors: Adeoye Ifeoluwa Damilola , Seini Wayo , Sarpong Daniel Bruce , Amegashie Ditchfield 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the extent of off-farm income diversification of farm households in rural areas of Nigeria by age, gender, educational qualification, farm size, household size and across the different regions in the country. The determinants of such diversification were also identified. Data for this study were obtained from 836 rural farm households using the Nigeria General Household Survey, 2013. The Herfindahl Index was employed to analyze the share of income from different income generating activities, extent of off-farm income diversification. Tobit Regression Model was used to identify the determinants of such diversification.
An estimate of 0.28 was observed for the Nigerian rural farm households with a higher extent of diversification in the Northern regions. Males, older farmers, and farmers without formal education had a higher extent of diversification. The results show that having higher landholdings, post-primary education, access to electricity and location are major factors. Identifying the extent of diversification into the different off-farm sectors is relevant to inform policy and provide opportunities for promoting the different off-farm sectors with an ultimate goal of improving rural farm households’ livelihoods. This has its resultant effect on development of the entire rural space.
On ψ Bounded Solutions for a Nonlinear Lyapunov Matrix Differential Equation on 𝕉
Authors: Diamandescu Aurel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Using Banach and Schauder - Tychono fixed point theorems, existence results for a nonlinear Lyapunov matrix differential equation on 𝕉 are given. The obtained results generalize and extend the results from [5] and [18].
Numerical Kinematical Analysis of the Shaping Mechanism
Authors: Tătaru Vladimir Dragoş , Tătaru Mircea Bogdan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the complete kinematical analysis of the mechanism that enters the machine tool structure designed to generate, in particular, plane surfaces. A machine tool of this kind is called shaping machine. For this purpose, Euler’s relations concerning the velocities distribution, written in projections on the fix reference system axes will be used. Starting from these relations we will get to a system of the first order linear differential equations whose unknowns are the kinematical parameters of the mechanism elements. The variation in time of these parameters will be obtained by solving the differential equations system the differential equations system using numerical integration methods.
Mistificări Și Recuperări Biografiste: „Cazul” Lucian Blaga
Authors: Pavel Ioana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study is based on a research on literary criticism, with a focus on several aspects of Lucian Blaga’s biography from an ideological perspective, aiming and examining its falsifications before 1989 and its true version after the socialist period. Due to most of the papers published by his daughter, Dorli Blaga (more specific, correspondence, diaries and official documents), we could claim that Blaga represents not only a literary case, but also a political one. To be more precise, the purpose of this article is to reveal some demystifications directly related to his biography, outlining three main periods in what concerns Blaga’s reception: the ’50s, the ’60s and the after ’90s.
Măştile Blagiene: O Perspectivă Asupra Mitului Dramatic – Contururi De Formă Şi Fond
Authors: Dumitrescu Alina Maria 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The following article concentrates on the analysis between the elements that appear in Lucian Blaga’s theatre. In foreground, it is put the relationship between the playwright and the idea of „dramatic myth”. On the other hand, it is described the way in which the tragic dimension affects the characters of each play, their struggle with suffering and the way they look to religion. Also, it is talked about the difference between the terms „drama”and „theatre”and also, „tragedy”and „tragic”. There are brought different opinions of literary critics, such as Eugen Todoran or Constantin Cubleşan, alongside with other references from writers and filosofers – Mircea Eliade, I. Kant etc. At the end of the study, it is talked about the parallel between the ancient theatre of greeks and the modern theatre of nowadays – especially on the fact that Lucian Blaga’s theatre acts better in the contemporary epoch than in the traditional one.
Lucian Blaga – Fatalismul Mioritic. Polemici De Epocă
Authors: Pascariu Lucreția 
Published: June 2020

Summary
The study looks into the perception of Lucian Blaga’s philosophical theories, in particular those conferred in the volume titled „Spațiul mioritic”. This volume brought about a series of controversial discussions around philosophy, literature and religion that subsequently led to the formation of divergent views around Blaga’s theories.Furthermore, the correlation between his theories and the ballad “Miorița” stands as proof for the national identity together with the literary function of the narrative work. In other words, the study emphasizes the problem of interference within the whole philosophical system, through references to the narrative work “Miorița” together with Blaga’s ethical system.
Gherasim Luca – O Poetică Spectaculară
Authors: Marinaș Andreea Mihaela 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the spectacular features of Gherasim Luca’s poetry. More specifically, the research starts from what generates the spectacular in his poetry: the erotica and the advertising feature of the poems. This study intends to analyse and explain how the eroticism of poetry, by its advertising dimension (meaning that poetry highlights the woman and erotic scenes like an advertising) offers to Gherasim Luca’s poetry the spectacular dimension. The blend of the two areas (erotica and the conative function of language) creates the spectacular, transferring sexuality from intimacy to the public, just as an advertising highlights in public an element of intimacy. The research is based on some senses of eroticism, from the most important theoretical studies, as Georges Batailles, André Breton and Octavio Paz. Also, there are discussed the images of the woman and the sexual deviations in Gherasim Luca’s poems.
Imagini Culturale Istorice În Lirica Lui Blaga
Authors: Gogoşeanu Mihaela-Oana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to identify, in Lucian Blaga’s poetry, historical images of several foreign cultures, such as African, Indian and Ancient Greek. Starting from his outline from the Trilogy of Values, we will select poems where few dimensions of these three cultures are depicted. Even though they appear to be far from the Romanian stylistic matrix, key aspects of the historical cultural images compose a unique vision that imprint the structure of Blaga’s imaginary.
Elemente Avangardiste În Perioada Postbelică
Authors: Elisabeta Dordea Daniela 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this article we discuss the avant-garde phenomenon, emphasizing that it promotes thinking without prejudice or limits, in which the writer can explore completely new horizons of creativity. Both Virgil Mazilescu's poems and Nora Iuga's poems (both under the oneiric mantle), illustrate the idea of freedom in terms of poetic thinking and poetry, despite the political and literary context in which they were.
General Kinetic Models for Vehicular Traffic Flows and Monte-Carlo Methods
Authors: Herty M. , Klar A. , Pareschi L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper we present a general derivation of kinetic models for traffic flows including different kinds of interaction rules. We show that most kinetic previously derived models can be cast in the actual formulation. The development of Monte-Carlo methods for direct simulation of kinetic models is considered as an initial step towards realistic and effcient computations of traffic phenomena. Monte-Carlo methods are developed for these kinetic models. Several numerical examples are computed and compared to the previously obtained solutions of the stationary equation.
Melamine migration measurement through spectrophotometry device and the effect of time and tableware type on it
Authors: Haghi Ehsan , Shakoori Attaollah , Alimohammadi Mahmood , Razeghi Fariba , Sadighara Parisa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Melamine is an organic-based chemical material widely used in the production of tableware. Given the adverse effects of melamine on human health, melamine tableware can be a source for its introduction into the human body. The aim of this study was to use a simple method for monitoring the rate of melamine migration from the tableware to food and the effect of time and tableware on this migration. To measure the migration, spectrophotometry was used. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method was 0.2 (μg/ml), which is functional for measuring the rate of migration. The investigation of sample migration of melamine tableware revealed that migration has occurred across all samples. The rate of migration in all samples was less than the standard level of the European Union (30 μg/ml). Statistical analysis indicated that time is an important factor in melamine migration, which significantly increased (p<0.05) in 93% of cases with lengthening the contact time from 30 minutes to 90 minutes. The type of tableware (new or old) and production conditions (standard or non-standard) were found to significantly affect (p<0.001) the rate of migration. Statistical analysis of the results suggested that old tableware increased melamine migration in 41% of cases (p<0.05). Non-standard tableware significantly (p<0.001) increased the rate of migration and thus the effect of non-standard production on melamine tableware was more significant than the age of the tableware.
The hepatoprotective and antioxidative effect of saffron stigma alcoholic extract against vincristine sulfate induced toxicity in rats
Authors: Harchegani Asghar Beigi , Khor Abolfazl , Niha Mahdiyeh Mirnam , Kaboutaraki Hamid Bakhtiari , Shirvani Hossein , Shahriary Alireza 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is an important anti-cancer drug, which is highly toxic for the liver. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effect of alcoholic extract of saffron stigma against vincristine hepatotoxicity in the rat. A total number of 50 rats were randomly divided into 10 groups, including controls, rats receiving 0.25 mg/kg (A group), 0.5 mg/kg (B group), 0.75 mg/kg (C group) VCR, 0.25 mg/kg VCR + 0.5 mg/kg saffron (D group), 0.5 mg/kg VCR + 0.5 mg/kg saffron (E group), 0.75 mg/kg VCR + 0.5 mg/kg saffron (F group), 0.25 mg/kg VCR + 1mg/kg saffron (G group), 0.5 mg/kg VCR + 1 mg/kg saffron (H group), and 0.75 mg/kg VCR + 1 mg/kg saffron (I group) groups. Serum level of liver enzymes, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin were measured using specific kits at the end of the experimental period. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values were measured using ferric reducing antioxidant of power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid reaction (TBAR) methods, respectively. Administration of VCR, especially at the concentration of 0.75mg/kg, caused severe hepatic injury with significant increase in the levels of AST (582.0±39.45 UI), ALT (124.0±5.92 UI), ALP (939.8±89.8 UI) enzymes and bilirubin (0.17±0.008). VCR administration also significantly increased the serum MDA level (0.49±0.021 nmol/ml), while TAC value was declined significantly (241.27±18.27 μmol/l). These effects were dose-dependent. Treatment with saffron extract decreased the activity of liver enzymes and MDA values in hepatotoxic rats with a significant enhancement in serum TAC content. These effects were notable for rats that received 1mg/kg plant extract. Administration of saffron, especially at higher concentration, can reduce VCR-induced hepatotoxicity, antioxidant depletion and lipid peroxidation, presumably due to its antioxidative properties.