bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time of peak nocturnal diuresis rate between men with secondary nocturnal polyuria versus nocturnal polyuria syndrome
Authors: Monaghan Thomas F. , Epstein Matthew R. , Bliwise Donald L. , Michelson Kyle P. , Wu Zhan D. , Lazar Jason M. , Everaert Karel , Kabarriti Abdo E. , Holmes Arturo , Wein Alan J. , Weiss Jeffrey P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimCompare the circadian trajectory of diuresis between nocturnal polyuria (NP) patients with versus without identifiable contributory comorbidities.MethodsRetrospective analysis of frequency‐volume charts from male patients with clinically‐significant nocturia (≥2 nocturnal voids) and NP (defined by nocturnal urine production [NUP] ≥90 mL/hour or nocturnal polyuria index [NPi] ≥0.33). Patients with NP and chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and/or undertreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were deemed to have secondary NP. Nocturnal polyuria syndrome (NPS) was defined as NP without edema, loop diuretic use, or the aforementioned conditions. Patients with diabetes insipidus or OSA with appropriate continuous positive airway pressure utilization were excluded. The timing and volumes of nocturnal voids were used to derive “early” and “late” nocturnal diuresis rates (mL/hour of urine produced before and after the first nocturnal awakening, respectively). The likelihood of an early peak nocturnal diuresis rate (ie, early >late nocturnal diuresis rate) was compared between patients with NPS versus secondary NP using both a crude and adjusted odds ratio.ResultsThe likelihood of an early peak nocturnal diuresis rate in patients with NPS compared with secondary NP was 2.58 (1.05‐6.31) at NUP ≥ 90 mL/hour and 1.96 (0.87‐4.42) at NPi ≥ 0.33 on crude analysis, and 2.44 (0.96‐6.24) and 1.93 (0.83‐4.48) after adjustment, respectively.ConclusionsA peak early nocturnal diuresis rate was significantly more likely in patients with NPS at NUP ≥ 90 mL/hour, with similar odds ratios at NPi ≥ 0.33 and following adjustment. Delineating nocturic patients by NP subgroup may facilitate more individualized management.Patient SummaryMany people have to wake up to urinate because they produce too much urine at night—a condition known as “nocturnal polyuria.” Nocturnal polyuria might be caused by drinking too much fluid, other behavioral factors, or conditions that make your body hold on to too much fluid, like heart disease, kidney disease, and sleep apnea. In cases of nocturnal polyuria where no clear cause can be identified, it is thought that patients may suffer from a deficiency in nighttime vasopressin, a hormone that plays a key role in how much urine you produce. In this study, we compared the pattern of nighttime urine production in patients with different causes of nocturnal polyuria, which may lead to more personalized treatment options for patients with this condition.
The coupling system of Navier–Stokes equations and elastic Navier–Lame equations in a blood vessel
Authors: Liu Demin , Li Linjin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the blood flow problem is considered in a blood vessel, and a coupling system of Navier–Stokes equations and linear elastic equations, Navier–Lame equations, in a cylinder with cylindrical elastic shell is given as the governing equations of the problem. We provide two finite element models to simulating the three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equations in the cylinder while the asymptotic expansion method is used to solving the linearly elastic shell equations. Specifically, in order to discrete the Navier–Stokes equations, the dimensional splitting strategy is constructed under the cylinder coordinate system. The spectral method is adopted along the rotation direction while the finite element method is used along the other directions. By using the above strategy, we get a series of two‐dimensional‐three‐components (2D‐3C) fluid problems. By introduce the S‐coordinate system in E3 and employ the thickness of blood vessel wall as the expanding parameter, the asymptotic expansion method can be established to approximate the solution of the 3D elastic problem. The interface contact conditions can be treated exactly based on the knowledge of tensor analysis. Finally, numerical test shows that our method is reasonable.
TAM BB‐2139 ELSU extra long staple upland germplasm
Authors: Smith C. Wayne , Beyer Ben , Hequet E. F. , Hague S. , Jones D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe minimum or nondiscount upper half mean length (UHML) of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., for consumption in the United States is 27 mm, while the minimum for international markets is 28 mm. This discrepancy is based on the remaining US spinning mills predominately using rotor spinning technology, while ring spinning predominates internationally. Along with increased international base for staple length, processors desire greater fiber strength, decreased short fiber content, and more uniform fiber length distributions to withstand ever‐increasing processing speeds and rigor and to produce premium yarns with improved end use quality. A narrower micronaire range (or finer yet mature fibers) or finer fibers is also desirable. With increasing export of US cotton and advances in spinning technology, improvements of fiber quality parameters are essential for the competitiveness of US upland cotton. Producers receive premiums for improved fiber quality, and their product is more competitive with manmade fibers in the textile market. TAM BB‐2139 ELSU (extra long staple upland) (Reg. no. GP‐1071, PI 691840) exhibited UHML exceeding the control cultivars and averaged 35.5 mm UHML across six locations in central and south Texas in 2016–2017. It also averaged 36.6 mm in the 2016 USDA Regional High Quality Test when grown across nine locations in eight states. The minimum UHML for G. barbadense L., pima cotton, is 34.9 mm. TAM BB‐2139 ELSU will provide upland cotton breeders with a source for improving UHML.
Conformational states of TNFR1 as a molecular switch for receptor function
Authors: Lo Chih Hung , Huber Evan C. , Sachs Jonathan N. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) is a transmembrane receptor that plays a key role in the regulation of the inflammatory pathway. While inhibition of TNFR1 has been the focus of many studies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, activation of the receptor is important for the treatment of immunodeficiency diseases such as HIV and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease where a boost in immune signaling is required. In addition, activation of other TNF receptors such as death receptor 5 or FAS receptor is important for cancer therapy. Here, we used a previously established TNFR1 fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor together with a fluorescence lifetime technology as a high‐throughput screening platform to identify a novel small molecule that activates TNFR1 by increasing inter‐monomeric spacing in a ligand‐independent manner. This shows that the conformational rearrangement of pre‐ligand assembled receptor dimers can determine the activity of the receptor. By probing the interaction between the receptor and its downstream signaling molecule (TRADD) our findings support a new model of TNFR1 activation in which varying conformational states of the receptor act as a molecular switch in determining receptor function.
Extraction techniques for pesticide residues analysis in edible oils and role of sorbents in cleanup
Authors: Muhammad Rashid , Ahad Karam , Mehboob Farrakh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPesticide residue analysis enables researchers to detect the minute quantity of residual pesticides by applying sensitive analytical techniques which include gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. However, the sample preparation step prior to utilizing these sophisticated techniques is key to achieving the required sensitivity. The present article reviews the significant methods available for sample preparation for pesticide residue analysis in edible oil. Present sample extraction and cleanup section, most common extraction and cleanup techniques such as liquid‐liquid extraction, solid phase extraction/dispersive solid phase extraction and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method are discussed. Since selection of sorbent affects the recovery, matrix effect and rate of false positive and false negatives, hence, special attention has been paid to sorbents required for sample cleanup. Many sorbents are commercially available however their possible interactions with fatty acids and impurities have not been highlighted in literature. The present review not only highlights the role of commonly used sorbents such as florisil, graphitized carbon black, primary secondary amine and octadecyl bonded silicas but also discusses the pros and cons of newly developed sorbents.
Ex-vivo-Stammzellgentherapie an der Haut
Authors: Koller Ulrich 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine Ex-vivo-Stammzellgentherapie ermöglicht die Behebung der genetischen Ursache einer monogenetischen Hauterkrankung.

Fragestellung
Dargestellt werden die Vorgehensweise und Wahl der Gentherapiemethode im Zuge einer Ex-vivo-Gentherapie an der Haut.

Material und Methoden
Aktuelle Gentherapieansätze fokussieren sich auf die Ergänzung oder gezielte Korrektur des betroffenen Gens im Erbgut.

Ergebnisse
Bis dato wurde die Genersatztherapie erfolgreich an Patienten mit der blasenbildenden Hauterkrankung Epidermolysis bullosa angewandt. Designer-Nukleasen-vermittelte Gentherapieansätze befinden sich in der präklinischen Phase.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Wahl der Gentherapiemethode richtet sich nach deren Sicherheitsprofil, der zu behandelten Genodermatose und dem zu korrigierenden Erbschaden.
Identification of CD318 (CDCP1) as novel prognostic marker in AML
Authors: Heitmann Jonas S. , Hagelstein Ilona , Hinterleitner Clemens , Roerden Malte , Jung Gundram , Salih Helmut R. , Märklin Melanie , Kauer Joseph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGenetic and morphological markers are well-established prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, further reliable markers are urgently needed to improve risk stratification in AML. CD318 (CDCP1) is a transmembrane protein which in solid tumors promotes formation of metastasis and correlates with poor survival. Despite its broad expression on hematological precursor cells, its prognostic significance in hematological malignancies so far remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the role of CD318 as novel prognostic marker in AML by immunophenotyping of leukemic blasts. Flow cytometric evaluation of CD318 on leukemic cells in 70 AML patients revealed a substantial expression in 40/70 (57%) of all cases. CD318 surface levels were significantly correlated with overall survival in patients receiving anthracycline-based induction therapy or best available alternative therapy. Using receiver-operating characteristics, we established a cut-off value to define CD318lo and CD318hi expression in both cohorts. Notably, high CD318 expression correlated inversely as prognostic marker in both treatment cohorts: as poor prognostic marker in patients receiving intense therapy, whereas upon palliative care it correlated with better outcome. In conclusion, FACS-based determination of CD318 expression may serve as novel prognostic factor depending on implemented therapy in AML patients.
‘What do we do, doctor?’ Transitions of identity and responsibility: a narrative analysis
Authors: Yardley Sarah , Kinston Ruth , Lefroy Janet , Gay Simon , McKinley Robert K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTransitioning from student to doctor is notoriously challenging. Newly qualified doctors feel required to make decisions before owning their new identity. It is essential to understand how responsibility relates to identity formation to improve transitions for doctors and patients. This multiphase ethnographic study explores realities of transition through anticipatory, lived and reflective stages. We utilised Labov’s narrative framework (Labov in J Narrat Life Hist 7(1–4):395–415, 1997) to conduct in-depth analysis of complex relationships between changes in responsibility and development of professional identity. Our objective was to understand how these concepts interact. Newly qualified doctors acclimatise to their role requirements through participatory experience, perceived as a series of challenges, told as stories of adventure or quest. Rules of interaction within clinical teams were complex, context dependent and rarely explicit. Students, newly qualified and supervising doctors felt tensions around whether responsibility should be grasped or conferred. Perceived clinical necessity was a common determinant of responsibility rather than planned learning. Identity formation was chronologically mismatched to accepting responsibility. We provide a rich illumination of the complex relationship between responsibility and identity pre, during, and post-transition to qualified doctor: the two are inherently intertwined, each generating the other through successful actions in practice. This suggests successful transition requires a supported period of identity reconciliation during which responsibility may feel burdensome. During this, there is a fine line between too much and too little responsibility: seemingly innocuous assumptions can have a significant impact. More effort is needed to facilitate behaviours that delegate authority to the transitioning learner whilst maintaining true oversight.
How Active is Active Learning: Value Function Method Versus an Approximation Method
Authors: Amman Hans M. , Tucci Marco P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a previous paper Amman et al. (Macroecon Dyn, 2018) compare the two dominant approaches for solving models with optimal experimentation (also called active learning), i.e. the value function and the approximation method. By using the same model and dataset as in Beck and Wieland (J Econ Dyn Control 26:1359–1377, 2002), they find that the approximation method produces solutions close to those generated by the value function approach and identify some elements of the model specifications which affect the difference between the two solutions. They conclude that differences are small when the effects of learning are limited. However the dataset used in the experiment describes a situation where the controller is dealing with a nonstationary process and there is no penalty on the control. The goal of this paper is to see if their conclusions hold in the more commonly studied case of a controller facing a stationary process and a positive penalty on the control.
Validating the validation: reanalyzing a large-scale comparison of deep learning and machine learning models for bioactivity prediction
Authors: Robinson Matthew C. , Glen Robert C. , Lee Alpha A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMachine learning methods may have the potential to significantly accelerate drug discovery. However, the increasing rate of new methodological approaches being published in the literature raises the fundamental question of how models should be benchmarked and validated. We reanalyze the data generated by a recently published large-scale comparison of machine learning models for bioactivity prediction and arrive at a somewhat different conclusion. We show that the performance of support vector machines is competitive with that of deep learning methods. Additionally, using a series of numerical experiments, we question the relevance of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve as a metric in virtual screening. We further suggest that area under the precision–recall curve should be used in conjunction with the receiver operating characteristic curve. Our numerical experiments also highlight challenges in estimating the uncertainty in model performance via scaffold-split nested cross validation.
2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS focused update to 2015 expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing
Authors: Stiles Martin K. , Fauchier Laurent , Morillo Carlos A. , Wilkoff Bruce L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe 2015 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/SOLAECE Expert Consensus Statement on Optimal Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Programming and Testing provided guidance on bradycardia programming, tachycardia detection, tachycardia therapy, and defibrillation testing for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) patient treatment. The 32 recommendations represented the consensus opinion of the writing group, graded by Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence. In addition, Appendix B provided manufacturer-specific translations of these recommendations into clinical practice consistent with the recommendations within the parent document. In some instances, programming guided by quality evidence gained from studies performed in devices from some manufacturers was translated such that this programming was approximated in another manufacturer’s ICD programming settings. The authors found that the data, although not formally tested, were strong, consistent, and generalizable beyond the specific manufacturer and model of ICD. As expected, because these recommendations represented strategic choices to balance risks, there have been reports in which adverse outcomes were documented with ICDs programmed to Appendix B recommendations. The recommendations have been reviewed and updated to minimize such adverse events. Notably, patients who do not receive unnecessary ICD therapy are not aware of being spared potential harm, whereas patients in whom their ICD failed to treat life-threatening arrhythmias have their event recorded in detail. The revised recommendations employ the principle that the randomized trials and large registry data should guide programming more than anecdotal evidence. These recommendations should not replace the opinion of the treating physician who has considered the patient’s clinical status and desired outcome via a shared clinical decision-making process.
Gratitude Texting Touches the Heart: Challenge/Threat Cardiovascular Responses to Gratitude Expression Predict Self-initiation of Gratitude Interventions in Daily Life
Authors: Enko Jolanta , Behnke Maciej , Dziekan Martyna , Kosakowski Michał , Kaczmarek Lukasz D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGratitude-based interventions are effective in facilitating positive relationships and increasing life satisfaction. However, for some individuals (e.g., with high levels of depression and low trait-gratitude) gratitude expression is threatening and rarely undertaken spontaneously. In this study, we expected to replicate this gratitude expression threat effect. Moreover, we aimed to understand psychophysiological mechanisms of this effect by accounting for cognitive, motivational, and physiological responses to gratitude expression in line with the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat. One hundred ninety-six students (51% women) between the ages of 18 and 31 years old (M = 21.20, SD = 2.08) reported personality measures and completed a laboratory session where they expressed gratitude via text messages after reporting evaluation and motivation towards the task. Their cardiovascular reactivity was monitored continuously. After the session, participants were invited to continue a gratitude intervention for the next three weeks. We found that individuals with higher depression and lower trait-gratitude were less likely to initiate gratitude intervention. This effect was mediated by a cardiovascular marker of threat (total peripheral resistance) that inhibited motivation and behavior. In summary, we replicated and provided further evidence for the role of personality traits in predicting aversive responses to gratitude expression via interventions. These findings contribute to the person-activity fit recommendations.
Ethnic enclaves and segregation—self-employment and employment patterns among forced migrants
Authors: Klaesson Johan , Öner Özge 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe relevance of residential segregation and ethnic enclaves for labor market sorting of immigrants has been investigated by a large body of literature. Previous literature presents competing arguments and mixed results for the effects of segregation and ethnic concentration on various labor market outcomes. The geographical size of the area at which segregation and/or ethnic concentration is measured, however, is left to empirical work to determine. We argue that ethnic concentration and segregation should not be used interchangeably, and more importantly, the geographical area at which they are measured relates directly to different mechanisms. We use a probabilistic approach to identify the likelihood that an immigrant is employed or a self-employed entrepreneur in the year 2005 with respect to residential segregation and ethnic concentration at the level of the neighborhood, municipality, and local labor market level jointly. We study three groups of immigrants that accentuate the differences between forced and pulled migrants: (i) the first 15 member states of European Union (referred to as EU 15) and the Nordic countries, (ii) the Balkan countries, and (iii) countries in the Middle East. We find that ethnic enclaves, proxied by ethnic concentration at varying levels, indicate mixed results for the different immigrant groups we study, both for their employment and entrepreneurship probability, whereas residential segregation has a more uniformly distributed result where its relationship to any of the two labor market outcomes is almost always negative or insignificant.
Removal of Bisphenol A and Its Potential Substitutes by Biodegradation
Authors: Frankowski Robert , Zgoła-Grześkowiak Agnieszka , Smułek Wojciech , Grześkowiak Tomasz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe possibility of removing bisphenol A and its five potential substitutes (bisphenols S, F, AF, E, and B) was tested using microorganism consortia from river water and activated sludge from municipal and rural wastewater treatment plants. For most bisphenols, biodegradation with activated sludge was faster than with river water and a greater extent of biodegradation was also achieved. However, only bisphenol A and bisphenol F underwent 100% primary biodegradation while other bisphenols degraded no more than about 50% which has some important implications in case of their increased usage. Metabolic activity in biodegradation liquors was also tested and it showed higher activity in the tests with activated sludge than with river water. However, there was no clear connection between the decline of metabolic activity and the extent of biodegradation as decreased activity was observed for two easily degrading bisphenols and two others with little biodegradability. It can be assumed that two different phenomena are involved in this process including depletion of nutrients for easily degradable bisphenol A and absence of nutrients for bacteria incapable of primary degradation of bisphenol AF and bisphenol S.