bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐year outcomes for da Vinci single port robot for transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Van Abel Kathryn M. , Yin Linda X. , Price Daniel L. , Janus Jeffery R. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe da Vinci single‐port (SP) robot is a new instrument for transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in oropharyngeal cancers (OPSCCs). We describe one‐year SP surgical outcomes and compare them to da Vinci Si outcomes.MethodsRetrospective cohort study at a high‐volume TORS center. Consecutive patients undergoing TORS SP procedures from 10/2018 to 09/2019 were included. SP OPSCC outcomes were compared to a historical cohort of Si OPSCC patients. t tests were used to compare continuous variables; χ2 or Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were used to compare nonparametric categorical variables.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients underwent SP TORS. The bleed rate was 5.1%, mortality rate was 2.6%, and conversion rate was 0%. Compared to the Si cohort, OPSCC patients undergoing TORS SP procedures saw no significant differences in operative time or post‐TORS bleeds (P > .05).ConclusionsThe SP is a comparably safe surgical instrument. Overall learning curve for the SP was rapid among experienced TORS surgeons.
Smoking-Induced Risk of Osteoporosis Is Partly Mediated by Cadmium From Tobacco Smoke: The MrOS Sweden Study
Authors: Li Huiqi , Wallin Maria , Barregard Lars , Sallsten Gerd , Lundh Thomas , Ohlsson Claes , Mellström Dan , Andersson Eva M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fracture. Moreover, smoking causes exposure to cadmium, which is a known risk factor for osteoporosis. It is hypothesized that part of smoking-induced osteoporosis may be mediated via cadmium from tobacco smoke. We investigated this hypothesis using mediation analysis in a Swedish cohort of elderly men. This study was performed in 886 elderly men from the Swedish cohort of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Urinary samples, bone mineral density (BMD), smoking data, and other background information were obtained at baseline in 2002–2004. Urinary cadmium was analyzed in baseline samples and adjusted for creatinine. The cohort was followed until August 2018 for fracture incidence, based on the X-ray register. Mediation analysis was conducted to evaluate the indirect effect (via cadmium) of smoking on both BMD and fractures. Time to first fracture was analyzed using the accelerated failure time (AFT) model and Aalen's additive hazard model. The mean level of urinary cadmium was 0.25 μg/g creatinine. There were significant inverse associations between smoking and total body, total hip, and trochanter BMD. The indirect effects via cadmium were estimated to be 43% of the total effects of smoking for whole-body BMD, and even more for total hip and trochanter BMD. Smoking was also associated with higher risk of all fractures and major osteoporosis fractures. The indirect effects via cadmium were largest in nonvertebral osteoporosis fractures and hip fractures, constituting at least one-half of the total effects, in both the AFT and Aalen's model. The findings in this study provide evidence that cadmium exposure from tobacco smoke plays an important role in smoking-induced osteoporosis © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Global longitudinal reference ranges for fetal myocardial deformation in the second half of pregnancy
Authors: Lee‐Tannock Alison , Hay Karen , Gooi Alex , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo construct longitudinal fetal reference ranges for global longitudinal myocardial deformation (strain and strain rate) of the left and right ventricles in the second half of pregnancy.MethodsA prospective, observational, longitudinal study of 120 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies.The participants underwent ultrasonographic scans every 4 weeks from enrolment (18‐28 weeks) until delivery. Strain and strain rate were measured at each examination using velocity vector imaging. Changes in strain and strain rate as functions of gestational age (GA) were modeled using Bayesian mixed effects models.ResultsA total of 406 assessments of global longitudinal strain and strain rate were performed for 120 women. Global longitudinal strain and strain rate decreased with increasing GA in the left ventricle. There was, however, no change in strain measurements of the right ventricle over the same gestational time frame. Posterior predictive distributions were used to derive reference centiles for each week of GA.ConclusionAssessment of myocardial deformation of the fetal heart is easily performed and may be useful for quantitative assessment of heart function, particularly in fetuses at risk of cardiac dysfunction.
Dissolved phosphate concentrations in Iowa shallow groundwater
Authors: Schilling Keith E. , Jacobson Peter J. , St. Clair Marty , Jones Christopher S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRegional groundwater phosphorus (P) concentrations are rarely reported, and it is important to develop a better understanding of background concentrations in shallow groundwater to help develop strategies to mitigate environmental risks. In this study, results collected from 17 different Iowa‐based studies conducted from 2006 to 2019 and a total of 210 discrete locations of water table dissolved phosphate (DPO43−) measurements are summarized (a) to assess the occurrence, range, and statistical distribution of groundwater DPO43− concentrations in Iowa and (b) to evaluate statewide patterns of DPO43−concentrations related to land use or land cover and landscape position. The DPO43− concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 1.56 mg L−1 and averaged 0.15 ± 0.19 mg L−1 with a median value of 0.10 mg L−1 (95% confidence interval of 0.08–0.11 mg L−1). Although minor variations were observed among land cover class and landscape position, concentrations exhibited uniformity across the state, likely attesting to the legacy of P from historical agricultural management. Median concentrations are higher than typical water quality criteria used to assess risk to surface water systems, implying that simply discharging groundwater DPO43− to streams, rivers, and lakes would be sufficient to cause environmental degradation.
A computational method based on the modification of the variational iteration method for determining the solution of the optimal control problems
Authors: Kafash Behzad , Rafiei Zahra , Karbassi Seyed M. , Wazwaz Abdul M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article presents a modification of the variational iteration method (VIM) for solving Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equations of linear and nonlinear optimal control problems. In this method, the Lagrange multiplier is chosen in such a way that a sequence of value functions that are produced by this presented method (PM) converges to exact solution faster than the standard VIM. This fast convergence is due to choosing an exponentially decaying Lagrange multiplier for the first time. Finally, some examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PM for finding the solution of the optimal control problems.
Artificial neural network application for novel 3D printed nonuniform ceramic reflectarray antenna
Authors: Mahouti Mehran , Kuskonmaz Nilgün , Mahouti Peyman , Belen Mehmet A. , Palandoken Merih 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe main inconvenience in design process of modern high performance reflectarray antennas is that these designs are heavily depended on full‐wave electromagnetic simulation tools, where in most of the cases the design optimization process would be an inefficient or impractical. However, thanks to the recent advances in computer‐aided design and advanced hardware systems, artificial neural networks based modeling of microwave systems has become a popular research topic. Herein, design optimization of an alumina‐based ceramic substrate reflectarray antenna by using multilayer perceptron (MLP) and 3D printing technology had been presented. MLP‐based model of ceramic reflectarray (CRA) unit element is used as a fast, accurate, and reliable surrogated model for the prediction of reflection phase of the incoming EM wave on the CRA unit cell with respect to the variation of unit elements design parameters, operation frequency, and substrate thickness. The structural design of a reflectarray antenna with nonuniform reflector height operating in X band has been fabricated for the experimental measurement of reflectarray performance using 3D printer technology. The horn feeding based CRA antenna has a measured gain characteristic of 22 dBi. The performance of the prototyped CRA antenna is compared with the counterpart reflectarray antenna designs in the literature.
Comparison of effectiveness and safety between uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulants with and without switching to dabigatran in atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Harada Masahide , Motoike Yuji , Nomura Yoshihiro , Nishimura Asuka , Koshikawa Masayuki , Murayama Kazuhiro , Ohno Yoshiharu , Watanabe Eiichi , Izawa Hideo , Ozaki Yukio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of uninterrupted direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) with a temporary switch to dabigatran (“dabigatran bridge”) for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. We compared the effectiveness and safety between uninterrupted DOACs with and without the “dabigatran bridge” in patients taking factor Xa inhibitors.MethodsAF patients on factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban/apixaban/edoxaban) undergoing catheter ablation were eligible (n = 348). Brain MRI was performed within 2 days after the procedure to detect silent cerebral events (SCEs). Rivaroxaban/apixaban/edoxaban were uninterruptedly used in 153 patients (Group 1); these DOACs were switched to dabigatran on the day of AF ablation in 195 patients (Group 2). After propensity score matching, the unfractionated heparin (UFH) amount and the activated clotting time (ACT) kinetics during the procedure, the SCE incidence, and the follow‐up complications (30 days, thromboembolism and major/minor bleeding) in the two groups were compared.ResultsGroup 2 had higher initial ACT value and shorter time to optimal ACT (>300 seconds) than Group 1 (184 ± 36 s vs 145 ± 22 s, and 34 ± 29 s vs 43 ± 34 s, P < .05, respectively). Group 2 tended to require less amount of UFH to achieve optimal ACT than Group 1, but the total amount of UFH for the procedure was comparable. Group 2 had lower SCE incidence than Group 1 (16.2% vs 26.4%, P < .05). The prevalence of follow‐up complications was unchanged between the two groups.ConclusionsSwitching to dabigatran on the day of AF ablation decreases preclinical thromboembolic events with similar bleeding risk to uninterrupted factor Xa inhibitors.
Working 9‐to‐5? A review of research on nonstandard work schedules
Authors: Bolino Mark C. , Kelemen Thomas K. , Matthews Samuel H. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIncreasingly, organizations around the world need employees to work weekends and during hours that fall outside of a traditional 9‐to‐5, Monday through Friday, schedule. At the same time, in recent years, employees have sought more flexible working arrangements that result in longer work shifts that occur on fewer days each week. Although nonstandard work schedules have important organizational implications, much of this research has occurred outside of the management literature. Further, within the management literature, there has been little attempt to review and integrate the findings of prior studies of nonstandard work schedules. In this paper, we review research that has investigated nonstandard work shifts and how they affect work‐related outcomes (e.g., job behavior and job attitudes), health‐related outcomes (e.g., physiological, behavioral, and psychological consequences), and personal/family‐related outcomes (e.g., work–family conflict, divorce, and parent–child relations). Following our review, we identify avenues for future investigations, with a particular emphasis on methodological improvements and research that would facilitate the development of integrated conceptual models that more fully consider the implications of work schedules in the context of other important areas of organizational scholarship.
The Effects of Zhongyong Thinking Priming on Creative Problem‐Solving
Authors: Zhou Zhijin , Zhang Hongpo , Li Mingzhu , Sun Cuicui , Luo Hualin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractZhongyong thinking is a common approach adopted by Chinese people to solve problems encountered in life and work. Based on the four modes of zhongyong thinking proposed by Pang (Social Sciences in China, 1, 1980, 75), this study chooses the “neither A nor B” form, which represents the “mean” (中) characteristics of zhongyong thinking, called eclectic thinking, and the “both A and B” form, which reflects the “harmony” (和) feature, called integrated thinking. This study primed eclectic thinking and integrated thinking, respectively, through self‐compiled problem situations, and 150 college students and postgraduates students were the participants. Experiment 1 explored the role of the priming of zhongyong thinking in three classic creative thinking tasks: a divergent thinking test, remote association test, and insight problem‐solving test. Experiment 2 further examined the effect of priming of zhongyong thinking on “market investment problems” with higher ecological validity. The findings show that priming integrated thinking can improve remote associates test performance and promote creative solutions to market investment problems, but there is no significant impact on the scores of divergent thinking test and insight problem‐solving; priming eclectic thinking has no significant impact on any of the subsequent creative tasks. This study shows that integrated thinking primes cognitive processing related to information association and information integration, promoting subsequent creative tasks.
Low‐risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: Optimal management toward a more conservative approach
Authors: Ramundo Valeria , Sponziello Marialuisa , Falcone Rosa , Verrienti Antonella , Filetti Sebastiano , Durante Cosimo , Grani Giorgio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (microPTC) has dramatically increased in the last decades. Most of these tumors remain small and clinically “silent”, only small number progress. Although thyroid surgery used to be the only therapeutic approach, recent guidelines now consider active surveillance for low‐risk microPTC. For this reason, more accurate risk stratification of microPTC is needed. The optimal management of low‐risk microPTC through accurate risk stratification represents a major clinical issue.
Influence of cathodic polarity during electrocleaning process on the brown stain defect formation after skin pass on cold‐rolled close annealed steel
Authors: Chakraborty Subho , Pandit Ashwin , Sarkar Kuntal , Rani Nitu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSkin pass rolling is considered as the final forming stage in cold‐rolled close annealed steel. Surface properties and flatness are the key attributes for automotive customers. Efficient skin pass rolling overcomes surface defects that lead to material rejection. This study portrays a brown stain defect with higher defect severity. The brown stain defect is observed in a few coils that are processed through alkaline electrocleaning (ECL). Coils bypassing ECL do not show such defect. Defect characterization through scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy shows initiation of oxidation of steel substrate. The presence of skin pass fluid residues in the defected area is the root cause for the stain formation. Techniques such as glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, Kelvin probe, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests emphasize the role of final electrode polarity in ECL with the nature of passive oxide film formed when skin pass fluid is applied on the steel surface. This study reveals that skin pass fluid applied on anodically cleaned coils provides a uniform passive surface that restricts the defect formation.
Computability of graphs
Authors: Iljazović Zvonko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider topological pairs , , which have computable type, which means that they have the following property: if X is a computable topological space and a topological imbedding such that and are semicomputable sets in X, then is a computable set in X. It is known, e.g., that has computable type if M is a compact manifold with boundary. In this paper we examine topological spaces called graphs and we show that we can in a natural way associate to each graph G a discrete subspace E so that has computable type. Furthermore, we use this result to conclude that certain noncompact semicomputable graphs in computable metric spaces are computable.
Altering Routine Intensive Care Unit Practices to Support Commensalism
Authors: Hamilton Leslie A. , Behal Michael L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of trillions of organisms that support multiple functions in the body, from immunity, digestion, and absorption to drug metabolism. These microbes form an overall collection of microorganisms that form the body's microbiome. In critical illness, many of these functions are aberrant, and the microbiome is altered, leading to untoward effects. Some of the most common medications received by patients include antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, which affect particular changes in the microbiome. In addition, patients receiving prolonged enteral and parenteral nutrition experience changes in the microbiological composition and diversity of their GI tracts. Research is ongoing to characterize the crosstalk between the microbiome and immune function as targets for drug and nutrition therapy.
Linear edge costs and labeling algorithms: The case of the time‐dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows
Authors: Lera‐Romero Gonzalo , Miranda Bront Juan J. , Soulignac Francisco J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper we implement a branch‐price and cut algorithm for a time dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows in which the goal is to minimize the total route duration. The travel time between two customers is given by a piecewise linear function on the departure time and, thus, it need not remain fixed along the planning horizon. We discuss different alternatives for the implementation of these linear functions within the labeling algorithm applied to solve the pricing problem. We also provide a tailored implementation for one of these alternatives, relying on efficient data structures for storing the labels, and show several strategies to accelerate the algorithm. Computational results show that the proposed techniques are effective and improve the column generation step, solving all instances with 25 customers, 49 of 56 with 50 customers, and many instances with 100 customers. Furthermore, heuristic adaptations are able to find good quality solutions in reasonable computation times.
Inertia‐based spectrum slicing for symmetric quadratic eigenvalue problems
Authors: Campos Carmen , Roman Jose E. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryIn the quadratic eigenvalue problem (QEP) with all coefficient matrices symmetric, there can be complex eigenvalues. However, some applications need to compute real eigenvalues only. We propose a Lanczos‐based method for computing all real eigenvalues contained in a given interval of large‐scale symmetric QEPs. The method uses matrix inertias of the quadratic polynomial evaluated at different shift values. In this way, for hyperbolic problems, it is possible to make sure that all eigenvalues in the interval have been computed. We also discuss the general nonhyperbolic case. Our implementation is memory‐efficient by representing the computed pseudo‐Lanczos basis in a compact tensor product representation. We show results of computational experiments with a parallel implementation in the SLEPc library.
Fabrication of random and aligned electrospun nanofibers containing graphene oxide for skeletal muscle cells scaffold
Authors: Uehara Thiers M. , Paino Ieda M. M. , Santos Fabricio A. , Scagion Vanessa P. , Correa Daniel S. , Zucolotto Valtencir 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO)‐based materials have been explored in biomedical applications as active engineered materials for diagnosis and therapy. Although a large number of studies have been carried out in the last years, aspects involving the orientation and elongation of cells on GO immobilized on polymeric nanofibers are still scarce. We investigated the interactions between skeletal muscle cells and GO immobilized on random and aligned electrospun nanofibers of poly(caprolactone) (PCL), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. Oxygen plasma was employed to modify the nanofiber polymer surface to enhance the interactions between the PCL fibers and GO. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy revealed the morphology and orientation of skeletal muscle cells (C2C12 cells) on random and aligned GO/PCL nanofibers. The approach employed here is useful to investigate the interaction of skeletal muscle cells with biocompatible polymer nanofibers modified with GO intended for cell scaffolds and tissue engineering.
Impact of medication nonadherence on stroke recurrence and mortality in patients after first‐ever ischemic stroke: Insights from registry data in Singapore
Authors: Yeo See‐Hwee , Toh Matthias Paul Han Sim , Lee Sze Haur , Seet Raymond Chee Seong , Wong Lai Yin , Yau Wai‐Ping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThis retrospective cohort study aims to examine adherence to secondary stroke preventive medications and their association with risk of stroke recurrence and mortality in patients after first‐ever ischemic stroke.MethodsUsing data from the National Healthcare Group and Singapore Stroke Registry, patients with first‐ever ischemic stroke between 2010 and 2014 were included, and categorized based on antithrombotic or statin adherence using the proportion of days covered: high (≥75%), intermediate (50%‐74%), low (25%‐49%), and very low (<25%). The primary outcome was first recurrent ischemic stroke within a year after hospital discharge, while the secondary composite outcomes were (a) stroke recurrence and all‐cause mortality and (b) stroke recurrence and cardiovascular mortality. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between medication adherence and outcomes. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.ResultsAmong ischemic stroke patients prescribed with antithrombotics (n = 1139) or statins (n = 1160) at hospital discharge, about one‐third were highly adherent to their medications. Patients with lower medication adherence tended to be younger, were admitted to private ward classes, and were without hypertension. Compared with the patients with high medication adherence, the risk of stroke recurrence was higher in patients with very low antithrombotic (aHR = 4.65; 95% CI: 1.45‐14.89) or statin (aHR = 3.44; 95% CI: 0.93‐12.74) adherence. Similar findings were observed for the secondary outcomes.ConclusionsPoor adherence to antithrombotic and statin treatment increases the risk of recurrent stroke and mortality in patients after first‐ever ischemic stroke. Further measures are needed to improve medication adherence among stroke survivors.