bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support for living well with long‐term conditions: How people manage
Authors: Budge Claire , Taylor Melanie , Curtis Chrystal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore how people self‐manage their long‐term conditions and the support enabling them to do so.BackgroundPeople with long‐term conditions are required to engage in daily self‐management with the support of health practitioners, family and friends.DesignA qualitative interview study.MethodsThirty‐two New Zealand European and Pacific people with long‐term conditions were interviewed about how they manage their condition/s at home with support from family, neighbours, agencies and general practice doctors and nurses. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, checked and analysed for thematic content. The COREQ checklist was used.ResultsThree themes emerging from the data were as follows: ‘acceptance’ of conditions, limitations, support and advice; ‘making it work’ regarding life with long‐term conditions; and the need for health practitioners to ‘work alongside me’.ConclusionsPeople with long‐term conditions struggle with acceptance of a diagnosis and symptoms, and acceptance of help which conflicts with their need to maintain independence and personal control. They self‐manage every day, learning to plan, choose what and what not to do and negotiate with others to get tasks done and maintain quality of life. They manage better with support from understanding health practitioners, especially advanced nurses, with whom they have established a positive, sustained relationship.Relevance to clinical practiceActive support for people to self‐manage has been shown to assist people to achieve their goals and improve overall health and well‐being. Nurses are well positioned to provide self‐management support for people with long‐term conditions but require allocated time and system changes to enable this. Practitioners need to acknowledge that it is difficult for people to accept diagnoses and symptoms and provide individualised support for this process. The desire to remain independent may limit acceptance of help, making it harder for people to maintain life quality. A change in length and content of consultations is required in order for practitioners to really get to know people and provide the self‐management support they need to meet their goals.
Long‐Term Physical Health Consequences of Financial and Marital Stress in Middle‐Aged Couples
Authors: Lee Seonhwa , Wickrama Kandauda K. A. S. , Lee Tae Kyoung , O'Neal Catherine Walker 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine psychological health as a mechanism linking economic pressure and marital instability in the early middle years to poor physical health in later life.BackgroundAlthough previous research suggests that sustained stressful marital experience may lead to mental and physical health problems, little is known about how contextual factors, such as economic pressure, impact marital outcomes, and how changes in marital attributes influence health outcomes in a longitudinal and dyadic context.MethodUtilizing an actor‐partner interdependence model within a latent growth curve approach and prospective data from couples in enduring marriages, we examined the associations between family economic pressure, marital instability, and mental health over their early middle years (1989–1994) and subsequent physical health in later adulthood (2015). Analyses assessed a couple‐level pathway and an individual pathway involving within‐spouse and between‐spouse effects.ResultsDuring the middle years, family financial difficulties were linked to reduced marital stability, which was associated with increased mental health challenges. The findings also reinforced the salient role of psychological distress for subsequent physical health outcomes as husbands' and wives' anxiety symptoms over their early middle years contributed to declines in their physical health outcomes in later adulthood. A partner effect was noted between husbands' anxiety and wives' physical health.ConclusionFor couples, experiences of financial and marital stress in their early middle years can have long‐lasting detrimental impacts on their physical health in later adulthood.
Influence of Screw Channel Angulation on the Fracture Resistance of Zirconia Abutments: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Garcia‐Hammaker Sabrina , Saglik Berna , Sierraalta Marianella , Razzoog Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of implant screw channel angulation on the fracture resistance of zirconia abutments without artificial aging.Materials and MethodsTen implant replicas were embedded in a jig of autopolymerizing acrylic resin. Using a surveyor and a metallic platform, the implant replicas were mounted centrally and with an angulation of 30°. A maxillary left central incisor crown was fabricated from pattern resin and scanned. The digital design of a monolithic zirconia implant abutment‐crown was completed using a 3D imaging software. For all specimens of this group (ASC25), the screw channel was positioned at 25° to the lingual. Following fabrication, the samples were attached onto the embedded implant replicas and manually torqued to 35 Ncm as recommended by the manufacturer. The monolithic zirconia implant abutment‐crowns were mounted in a metallic platform, positioned perpendicular to the indenter, and subjected to loading until failure. Crosshead speed was set at 0.5 mm/min for the universal testing machine. Data from a similar in vitro study where straight zirconia custom abutments (ASC0) were subjected to static load until failure was used as a control group. An unpaired Student's t‐test was used to determine if fracture resistance based on load at failure and maximum load in each group were significantly different from each other (ASC25 vs ASC0). Statistical significance level was inferred at p ≤ 0.05ResultsGroup ASC25 fractured at a mean (SD) load of 215.49 (47.10) N and a mean (SD) maximum load of 420.50 (17.18) N. Group ASC0 fractured at a mean (SD) load of 534.04 (133.77) N and a mean (SD) maximum load of 762.69 (109.59) N. The difference was statistically significant for both mean load and mean maximum load at failure (p ≤ 0.05). The survival rate of 0° zirconia abutments was significantly higher than that of 25° ASC zirconia abutments.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this in vitro study the mean fracture load was significantly higher in the group with a straight channel angulation.
Feasibility and accuracy of cord blood sampling for admission laboratory investigations: A pilot trial
Authors: Medeiros Poliana De B , Stark Michael , Long Miriam , Allen Elizabeth , Grace Erin , Andersen Chad 
Published: November 2020

AimPhlebotomy losses greatly contribute to anaemia following preterm birth. Therefore, the possibility of drawing initial tests from the placenta seems attractive. There is a lack of literature regarding the feasibility and accuracy of pathology tests taken from umbilical arterial and venous (UAB/UVB) compared to blood collected from the newborn.MethodsUAB and UVB complete blood pictures were compared with the initial neonatal blood test. The relationship between UAB, UVB and neonatal complete blood picture values was determined by Spearman's Rho correlation with absolute values compared by Kruskal‐Wallis. P < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsNeonatal haemoglobin, white cell count, immature/total ratio and platelets were significantly correlated to the corresponding values in the UAB and UVB (all P < 0.001). While UAB and UVB haemoglobin and white cell count were similar, both were significantly lower than the neonatal values (P < 0.001 and P = 0.014, respectively). No difference was seen for immature/total ratio and platelet concentrations. UVB blood culture (BC) was feasible (90%), even with delayed cord clamping, and the UVB BC volume was significantly higher (P < 0.001), with a low rate of BC contamination (1.5%).ConclusionsOur findings support the feasibility and accuracy of umbilical blood in place of blood collected from the newborn. This reduces the phlebotomy losses and allows higher blood volume collection which may increase the sensitivity of BC collection.
Equine‐assisted activities and therapies in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Pérez‐Gómez Jorge , Amigo‐Gamero Helena , Collado‐Mateo Daniel , Barrios‐Fernandez Sabina , Muñoz‐Bermejo Laura , Garcia‐Gordillo Miguel Ángel , Carlos‐Vivas Jorge , Adsuar José Carmelo 
Published: November 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by problems of inattention and impulsive hyperactivity in children. Equine‐assisted activities and therapies (EAATs) have been used as alternative non‐pharmacological intervention option in patients with ADHD.

What does this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Nowadays, more studies of high methodological quality are needed to determine whether EAAT is an effective intervention for the treatment in children with ADHD.

What are the implications for practice?

Between 15 and 40 min of rising horses, 8–32 total sessions, for 4–32 weeks, seem to be beneficial to reduce the symptoms of ADHD.

AbstractIntroductionAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by problems of inattention and impulsive hyperactivity. Equine‐assisted activities and therapies (EAATs) have become an emerging non‐pharmacological intervention option in patients with ADHD.AimTo perform a systematic review of updated literature about EAAT in children with ADHD.MethodA systematic review was performed until 28 November 2019, in four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) intervention programme, with pre‐ and post‐data, based on EAAT, (b) children with ADHD and (c) articles written in English.ResultsA total of 9 articles were found that meet the inclusion criteria. The evidence level was C for 7 studies and B for 2 studies. The level of conclusion was 3.DiscussionThere are few studies with high methodological quality, and there is a high heterogeneity in the variables included, what make that the level of evidence and conclusion are low.ConclusionThere is no account with enough studies of high methodological quality to determine whether EAAT is an effective intervention for the treatment in children with ADHD.
Aetiology, practice patterns and burden ofend‐stagekidney disease in South Asia andSouth‐EastAsia: A questionnaire‐based survey
Authors: Sahay Manisha , Jasuja Sanjiv , Tang Sydney Chi Wai , Alexander Suceena , Jha Vivekanand , Vachharajani Tushar , Mostafi Mamun , Pisharam Jayakrishnan K. , Jacob Chakko , Gunawan Atma , Bak Leong Goh , Thwin Khin Thida , Agrawal Rajendra Kumar , Vareesangthip Kriengsak , Tanchanco Roberto , Choong Lina , Herath Chula , Lin Chih‐Ching , Cuong Nguyen The , Haian Ha Phan , Akhtar Syed Fazal , Alsahow Ali , Rana Devinder S. , Rajapurkar Mohan M. , Kher Vijay , Verma Shalini , Ramachandran Raja , Bhargava Vinant , Puri Sonika , Sagar Gaurav , Bahl Anupam , Mandal Sandeep , Gupta Ashwani , Gallieni Maurizio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThere is paucity of data on the epidemiology of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) from South Asia and South‐East Asia. The objective of this study was to assess the aetiology, practice patterns and disease burden and growth of ESKD in the region comparing the economies.MethodsThe national nephrology societies of the region; responded to the questionnaire; based on latest registries, acceptable community‐based studies and society perceptions. The countries in the region were classified into Group 1 (High|higher‐middle‐income) and Group 2 (lower|lowermiddle income). Studentt‐test, Mann‐WhitneyUtest and Fisher's exact test were used for comparison.ResultsFifteen countries provided the data. The average incidence of ESKD was estimated at 226.7 per million population (pmp), (Group 1 vs. Group 2, 305.8 vs. 167.8 pmp) and average prevalence at 940.8 pmp (Group 1 vs. Group 2, 1306 vs. 321 pmp). Group 1 countries had a higher incidence and prevalence of ESKD. Diabetes, hypertension and chronic glomerulonephritis were most common causes. The mean age in Group 2 was lower by a decade (Group 1 vs. Group 2—59.45 vs 47.7 years).ConclusionHaemodialysis was the most common kidney replacement therapy in both groups and conservative management of ESKD was the second commonest available treatment option within Group 2. The disease burden was expected to grow >20% in 50% of Group 1 countries and 78% of Group 2 countries along with the parallel growth in haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Influence of rural labor migration behavior on the transfer of forestland
Authors: Xiao Hui , Ning Caiwang , Xie Fangting , Kang Xiaolan , Zhu Shubin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study analyzes the influence mechanism of migration on farmers' forestland transfer behavior by using instrumental variable‐Probit and instrumental variable‐Tobit models based on survey data of 505 households in 50 villages in 10 sample counties in Jiangxi Province. The results show that the farmers' willingness to transfer forestland is generally not high, but there is a great difference in the influence of intra‐county migration and outside‐of‐county migration on the transfer behavior of farmers. Outside‐of‐county migration promotes the renting out of forestland and inhibits renting it in, whereas intra‐county migration does not affect either. In addition, households' human capital, forestland resource endowments, policy systems, and locational environment factors all have different degrees of influence on farmers' transfer behavior. According to the analysis, improving rural laborers' job skills through training can deepen the reform of collective forestland.Recommendations for Resource Managers

This study uses econometric models to reflect the influence of intra‐county migration and outside‐of‐county migration on households' forestland transfer and provides a foundation for the sustainable development of forestland.

The factors affecting the renting in or out of forestland strongly differ according to intra‐ and outside‐of‐county migration.

Outside‐of‐county migration promotes the renting out of forestland and inhibits renting it in, whereas intra‐county migration does not affect either.

To encourage forestland transfer and achieve sustainable forest development, managers should concentrate on improving the rural laborers' job skills through training, continuing the reform of collective forestland, and coordinating the relationship between farmers and forestland.
Discovering Specific Common Trends in a Large Set of Disaggregates: Statistical Procedures, their Properties and an Empirical Application*
Authors: Carlomagno Guillermo , Espasa Antoni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMacroeconomic variables are weighted averages of a large number of components. Our objective is to model and forecast all of theNcomponents of a macro variable. The main feature of our proposal consists of discovering subsets of components that share single common trends while neither assuming pervasiveness nor imposing special restrictions on the serial or cross‐sectional idiosyncratic correlation. We adopt a pairwise approach and study its statistical properties. Our asymptotic theory works both with fixedNandT→∞ and with [T,N]→∞. We show that the pairwise approach can be implemented using three alternative strategies, which take into account alternative characteristics of the data generating process. The paper includes an application to the US CPI broken down into 159 components.
Directive Content
Authors: Butlin Patrick 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRepresentations may have descriptive content, directive content, or both, but little explicit attention has been given to the problem of distinguishing representations of these three kinds. We do not know, for instance, what determines whether a given representation is a directive instructing its consumer to perform some action or has descriptive content to the effect that the action in question has a certain value. This paper considers what it takes for a representation to have directive content. The first part of the paper presents the Liberal View, which might be taken to be the default position on this issue. The Liberal View has some attractions, but as the second part shows, these are less conclusive than they might at first appear, and there is much to be said for an alternative, the Strict View.
The anatomic distribution of isolated and syndrome‐associated port‐wine stain
Authors: Elias Anna J. , Hand Jennifer L. , Tollefson Megha M. , Davis Dawn Marie R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTo determine the role of sex in port‐wine stain (PWS) distribution and describe the epidemiologic and anatomic differences between syndrome‐associated and non‐syndrome‐associated PWS using modern criteria.MethodsA retrospective review of PWS patients aged 18 years and younger from 1995 to 2018 seen in the Department of Dermatology at an academic tertiary referral center. Cases were reviewed for sex, anatomic location, and presence of associated syndrome. 4,527 records were reviewed on the basis of ICD billing codes for congenital vascular malformations, with 516 meeting inclusion criteria.Results516 patients were included in the analysis: 234 (45.4%) men and 282 (54.6%) women. A female preponderance of Sturge‐Weber syndrome (18 of 23, 78%, P = .03) and a trend toward more female‐isolated PWS (149 of 269, 55%, P = .72) were found. No lateral predominance observed for isolated PWS was found: 112(41.6%) limited left‐side lesions and 113(42%) limited right‐side lesions (P = .41). A trend toward Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome (KTS)‐associated PWS occurring more commonly isolated to the left side (76 (45.5%) vs 59 (35.12%) P = .29) was found. Nine percent of SWS patients had a PWS on the body. Five percent of KTS patients had a facial PWS. The lower limb was the most common location overall of body PWS with 33.8% of isolated PWS and 81.5% of KTS patients having a lower limb lesion.ConclusionsFemale children were more likely to be diagnosed with SWS, and a trend toward more isolated PWS in women was found. No lateral predominance of isolated PWS was found, but KTS‐associated PWS was more common on the left. A considerable proportion of lesions do not appear in anatomic locations traditionally considered typical in the setting of associated syndromes, which underscores the importance of conducting a complete physical examination and adhering to diagnostic criteria for those syndromes.
The ERP, frequency, and time–frequency correlates of feedback processing: Insights from a large sample study
Authors: Williams Chad C. , Ferguson Thomas D. , Hassall Cameron D. , Abimbola Wande , Krigolson Olave E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman learning, at least in part, appears to be dependent on the evaluation of how outcomes of our actions align with our expectations. Over the past 23 years, electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to probe the neural signatures of feedback processing. Seminal work demonstrated a difference in the human event‐related potential (ERP) dependent on whether people were processing correct or incorrect feedback. Since then, these feedback evoked ERPs have been associated with reinforcement learning and conflict monitoring, tied to subsequent behavioral adaptations, and shown to be sensitive to a wide range of factors (e.g., Parkinson's disease). Recently, research has turned to frequency decomposition techniques to examine how changes in the EEG power spectra are related to underlying learning mechanisms. Although the literature on the neural correlates of feedback processing is vast, there are still methodological discrepancies and differences in results across studies. Here, we provide reference results and an investigation of methodological considerations for the ERP (reward positivity) and frequency (delta and theta power) correlates of feedback evaluation with a large sample size. Specifically, participants (n = 500) performed a two‐armed bandit task while we recorded EEG. Our findings provide key information about the data characteristics and relationships that exist between the neural signatures of feedback evaluation. Additionally, we conclude with selected methodological recommendations for standardization of future research. All data and scripts are freely provided to facilitate open science.
Statistics for Gaussian random fields with unknown location and scale using Lipschitz‐Killing curvatures
Authors: Di Bernardino Elena , Duval Céline 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the present article we study the average of Lipschitz‐Killing (LK) curvatures of the excursion set of a stationary isotropic Gaussian field X on . The novelty is that the field can be nonstandard, that is, with unknown mean and variance, which is more realistic from an applied viewpoint. To cope with the unknown location and scale parameters of X, we introduce novel fundamental quantities called effective level and effective spectral moment. We propose unbiased and asymptotically normal estimators of these parameters. From these asymptotic results, we build a test to determine if two images of excursion sets can be compared. This test is applied on both synthesized and real mammograms. Meanwhile, we establish the consistency of the empirical variance estimators of the third LK curvature under a weak condition on the correlation function of X.
Multivariate conditional transformation models
Authors: Klein Nadja , Hothorn Torsten , Barbanti Luisa , Kneib Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRegression models describing the joint distribution of multivariate responses conditional on covariate information have become an important aspect of contemporary regression analysis. However, a limitation of such models are the rather simplistic assumptions often made, for example, a constant dependence structure not varying with covariates or the restriction to linear dependence between the responses. We propose a general framework for multivariate conditional transformation models that overcomes these limitations and describes the entire distribution in a tractable and interpretable yet flexible way conditional on nonlinear effects of covariates. The framework can be embedded into likelihood‐based inference, including results on asymptotic normality, and allows the dependence structure to vary with covariates. In addition, it scales well‐beyond bivariate response situations, which were the main focus of most earlier investigations. We illustrate the benefits in a trivariate analysis of childhood undernutrition and demonstrate empirically that complex truly multivariate data‐generating processes can be inferred from observations.