bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Muscle Action Duration Induce Different Regional Muscle Hypertrophy in Matched Resistance Training Protocols?
Authors: Diniz Rodrigo C. R. , Tourino Frank Douglas , Lacerda Lucas T. , Martins-Costa Hugo C. , Lanza Marcel Bahia , Lima Fernando Vitor , Chagas Mauro Heleno 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Diniz, RCR, Tourino, FD, Lacerda, LT, Martins-Costa, HC, Lanza, MB, Lima, FV, and Chagas, MH. Does the muscle action duration induce different regional muscle hypertrophy in matched resistance training protocols? J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2371–2380, 2022—The manipulation of the muscle action duration (MAD) can influence the instantaneous torque along the range of motion, which can lead to adaptations of regional muscle hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of matched resistance training (RT) on the knee extension machine with different MAD in the cross-sectional area (CSA) responses within the quadriceps femoris (QF) and its muscles. Forty-four subjects were allocated into a control and 3 experimental groups. For a period of 10 weeks, subjects in the experimental groups performed the training protocols that were different only by the MAD: group 5c1e (5s concentric action [CON] and 1s eccentric action [ECC]; group 3c3e (3s CON and 3s ECC) and group 1c5e (1s CON and 5s ECC). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed (before and after the intervention) to determine the relative change (%) in CSA of the QF muscles along proximal (30%), middle (50%), and distal regions (70% distal of the femur). The change in CSA of the rectus femoris at the middle region are greater in 5c1e (6.8 ± 6.5%) and 1c5e (7.4 ± 6.0%) groups than 3c3e (3.4 ± 6.6%) and control groups (0.2 ± 1.8%). In addition, vastus lateralis at the distal region (5c1e = 15.9 ± 11.8%; 1c5e = 14.4 ± 10.0%) presenting greater increases in change of CSA than the others vastus only 5c1e (vastus lateralis [VI] = 5.0 ± 4.7%; vastus medialis [VM] = 4.2 ± 3.2%) and 1c5e groups (VI = 4.7 ± 3.6%; VM = 3.4 ± 3.1%). In conclusion, this study showed that matched RT protocols with different MAD resulted in different region-specific muscle hypertrophic across the individual muscles of QF.
Traditional Free-Weight Vs. Variable Resistance Training Applied to Elite Young Soccer Players During a Short Preseason: Effects on Strength, Speed, and Power Performance
Authors: Loturco Irineu , Pereira Lucas A. , Reis Valter P. , Zanetti Vinicius , Bishop Chris , McGuigan Michael R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Loturco, I, Pereira, LA, Reis, VP, Zanetti, V, Bishop, C, and Mcguigan, MR. Traditional free-weight vs. variable resistance training applied to elite young soccer players during a short preseason: Effects on strength, speed, and power performance. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3432–3439, 2022—Maximizing the neuromuscular capacities of players is a critical challenge during short soccer preseasons. This study compared the effects of 2 strength-power training regimes, on the strength, speed, and power performance of elite young soccer players during a 4-week preseason. Twenty-five under-20 players from the same club were pair matched in 2 training groups as follows: traditional training group (TTG) (n = 13), athletes performed half-squat (HS) and jump-squat (JS) exercises as traditionally prescribed, and elastic band (EB) group (EBG) (n = 12), athletes performed HS and JS with EB attached to the barbell. Vertical jump height, 20-m sprint velocity, change of direction (COD) speed, HS and JS power, and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the HS were assessed before, after 2-week, and after 4-week of training. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to assess the effects of both training protocols over the experimental period. Both strategies were effective for significantly improving HS and JS power (effect sizes [ESs] = 1.00–1.77), HS 1RM (ES = 1.68 and 1.51 for TTG and EBG, respectively), vertical jumping ability (ES = 0.37–0.65), and COD speed (ES = 0.81 and 0.39 for TTG and EBG, respectively), when comparing premeasures and postmeasures. By contrast, both TTG and EBG failed to increase 20-m sprint velocity (ES ranging between −0.54 and 0.23). In conclusion, both training schemes were able to improve the strength and power performance but not the sprint capacity of young soccer players. To accelerate strength gains over very-short time periods (i.e., 2 weeks), variable resistance training may be advantageous. Conversely, to optimize power adaptations in ballistic exercises across a similar time period, traditional free-weight training may be preferred.
Resistance Training to Failure vs. Not to Failure: Acute and Delayed Markers of Mechanical, Neuromuscular, and Biochemical Fatigue
Authors: González-Hernández Jorge M. , García-Ramos Amador , Colomer-Poveda David , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Cerón José , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Márquez Gonzalo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
González-Hernández, JM, García-Ramos, A, Colomer-Poveda, D, Tvarijonaviciute, A, Cerón, J, Jiménez-Reyes, P, and Márquez, G. Resistance training to failure vs. not to failure: acute and delayed markers of mechanical, neuromuscular, and biochemical fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 886–893, 2021—This study aimed to compare acute and delayed markers of mechanical, neuromuscular, and biochemical fatigue between resistance training sessions leading to or not to failure. Twelve resistance-trained men completed 2 sessions that consisted of 6 sets of the full-squat exercise performed against the 10 repetitions maximum load. In a randomized order, in one session the sets were performed to failure and in the other session the sets were not performed to failure (5 repetitions per set). Mechanical fatigue was quantified through the recording of the mean velocity during all repetitions. The neuromuscular function of the knee extensors was assessed through a maximal voluntary contraction and the twitch interpolation technique before training, immediately after each set, and 1, 24, and 48 hours post-training. Serum creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured before training and 1, 24, and 48 hours post-training to infer muscle damage. Alpha was set at a level of 0.05. A higher velocity loss between sets was observed during the failure protocol (−21.7%) compared with the nonfailure protocol (−3.5%). The markers of peripheral fatigue were generally higher and long lasting for the failure protocol. However, the central fatigue assessed by the voluntary activation was comparable for both protocols and remained depressed up to 48 hours post-training. The concentrations of CK and AST were higher after the failure protocol revealing higher muscle damage compared with the nonfailure protocol. These results support the nonfailure protocol to reduce peripheral fatigue and muscle damage, whereas the central fatigue does not seem to be affected by the set configuration.
Whole Egg Vs. Egg White Ingestion During 12 weeks of Resistance Training in Trained Young Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bagheri Reza , Hooshmand Moghadam Babak , Ashtary-Larky Damoon , Forbes Scott C. , Candow Darren G. , Galpin Andrew J. , Eskandari Mozhgan , Kreider Richard B. , Wong Alexei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bagheri, R, Moghadam, BH, Ashtary-Larky, D, Forbes, SC, Candow, DG, Galpin, AJ, Eskandari, M, Kreider, RB, and Wong, A. Whole egg vs. egg white ingestion during 12 weeks of resistance training in trained young males: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 411–419, 2021—The primary purpose was to compare the effects of whole egg ingestion and egg white ingestion during 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on muscle cross-sectional area, body composition, muscular strength, and anaerobic power in resistance-trained young males. A secondary purpose was to examine systemic hormonal responses. Thirty resistance-trained young males were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: Whole eggs + RT (WER; n = 15) or egg whites + RT (ERT; n = 15). Whole eggs + RT ingested 3 whole eggs immediately following RT, whereas ERT ingested an isonitrogenous quantity consisting of 6 egg whites immediately following RT. Before and after 12 weeks of whole-body undulating periodized RT (3 sessions per week), knee extensor muscle mass and cross-sectional area (computed tomography), lean body mass and body fat percentage (bioelectrical impedance), muscular strength (knee extension, handgrip strength), Wingate (cycle ergometer), and serum concentrations of hormones were assessed. There was a significant group × time interaction for body fat percentage, serum testosterone, knee extension, and handgrip strength with greater improvements observed in WER. There was a significant main effect of time (p < 0.05) for knee extensor muscle mass, cross-sectional area, lean body mass, anaerobic power, and all other blood hormones. There was a trend (p = 0.06) in the WER group for having a greater change in lean body mass compared with that of ERT. Postexercise whole egg ingestion increases knee extension and handgrip strength, testosterone, and reduces body fat percentage compared with postexercise egg white ingestion, despite no group differences in muscle mass, in resistance-trained young males. Whole eggs consumption may be preferable during RT programs geared toward the improvement of muscular strength and body fat percentage.
Correlates of Auditory Decision-Making in Prefrontal, Auditory, and Basal Lateral Amygdala Cortical Areas
Authors: Napoli Julia L. , Camalier Corrie R. , Brown Anna-Leigh , Jacobs Jessica , Mishkin Mortimer M. , Averbeck Bruno B. 
Published: December 2020

Spatial selective listening and auditory choice underlie important processes including attending to a speaker at a cocktail party and knowing how (or whether) to respond. To examine task encoding and the relative timing of potential neural substrates underlying these behaviors, we developed a spatial selective detection paradigm for monkeys, and recorded activity in primary auditory cortex (AC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). A comparison of neural responses among these three areas showed that, as expected, AC encoded the side of the cue and target characteristics before dlPFC and BLA. Interestingly, AC also encoded the choice of the monkey before dlPFC and around the time of BLA. Generally, BLA showed weak responses to all task features except the choice. Decoding analyses suggested that errors followed from a failure to encode the target stimulus in both AC and dlPFC, but again, these differences arose earlier in AC. The similarities between AC and dlPFC responses were abolished during passive sensory stimulation with identical trial conditions, suggesting that the robust sensory encoding in dlPFC is contextually gated. Thus, counter to a strictly PFC-driven decision process, in this spatial selective listening task AC neural activity represents the sensory and decision information before dlPFC. Unlike in the visual domain, in this auditory task, the BLA does not appear to be robustly involved in selective spatial processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe examined neural correlates of an auditory spatial selective listening task by recording single-neuron activity in behaving monkeys from the amygdala, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and auditory cortex. We found that auditory cortex coded spatial cues and choice-related activity before dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or the amygdala. Auditory cortex also had robust delay period activity. Therefore, we found that auditory cortex could support the neural computations that underlie the behavioral processes in the task.
Morphological features of the placenta in pregnant women with excessive gestational weight gain
Authors: Vachrushina Anna S. , Krivenko Anna S. , Moiseenkova Svetlana D. , Ogareva Anastasiya S. , Pokusaeva Vita N. 
Published: December 2020

Study objective. To evaluate the association between the placenta and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG).
Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study included the standard ultrasonography with subsequent microscopic morphology of the placenta in term pregnancy. Of 83 examined pregnant women, 46 had excessive GWG and 37 had recommended one. In addition, intensity of lipid infiltration was investigated in 24 placentas (12 in each group).
Study results. Excessive GWG resulted in significant enlargement of placenta which resulted in greater neonatal weight. Ultrasonography and subsequent microscopic evaluation revealed placentas to be less efficient in case of excessive GWG.
Conclusions. These findings indicated that excessive GWG influenced placental morphology. Future studies are necessary to determine accumulation of fat in placentas and membranes in case of excessive GWG, which can be defined as fatty degeneration.
Negative outcome predictors of West syndrome
Authors: Prygunova Tatiana M. , Antipenko Elena A. , Mukhin Konstantin Yu. 
Published: December 2020

West syndrome is infantile epileptic encephalopathy characterized by the triad of symptoms: infantile spasms, changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in the form of hypsarrhythmia and psychomotor retardation. Revealing of the predictors of clinical outcome can contribute to the selection of the optimal therapy and determine the terms of dynamic monitoring and improve treatment outcome.
Aim: to identify predictors of West syndrome outcome.
Materials and methods. The study included 132 patients who underwent treatment from 2000 to 2018. At the onset of the observation the age of children was from 5 months to 17 years 11 months. The age of the onset of spasms ranged from 1 day to 3 years 2 months. Depending on the etiological factor patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 patients with a structural form (60 patients; 45.5%), group 2 patients with a genetic form (39 children; 29.5%), group 3 patients with the disease of unknown etiology (33 children; 25.0%). Evaluating the treatment, special attention was paid to the effectiveness of the first three lines of AEDs and hormones, as well as the further selection of AEDs.
Results. Epileptic spasms were controlled in 76 children (57.6%), all seizures were controlled in 48 (36.4%) children. Patients of the 3rd group demonstrated a higher frequency of spasms arresting (87.9% in comparison to 48.7 and 46.7%) and complete remission (72.7% in comparison to 26.7 and 27.6% respectively). Normal neuropsychic development before the onset of spasms, the absence of epi-activity or the presence of regional epi-activity on the EEG in dynamics, the presence of diffuse changes in MRI had positive prognostic value for spasms control. Neonatal seizures, the presence of epi-activity on the EEG and focal deficiency before spasms, the presence of other seizures, pathology of vision and hearing, and necessity to use 2 drugs had negative prognostic value. The best compensation of motor and psychoverbal development was noted in patients who had remission.
Conclusions. Predictors of negative outcome of West syndrome include structural and genetic forms of the disease, neonatal seizures, epi-activity on EEG, impaired neuropsychic development and the focal pathology before spasms, the presence of other seizures, the persistence of epi-activity in dynamics and the absence of the first-line therapy effect.
The Potential of Sustainable Energy Resources in Eritrea: Solar Energy - An Overview
Authors: Afsar Mohammad Afsar Alam 
Published: December 2020

Energy is the prerequisite and most universal measure of all kinds of work by human beings. Everything in this world is the expression of flow of energy in one of its forms. Sustainable resources of energies are those that do not deplete the Earth’s natural resources and are as environmentally benign as possible. These sources are sustainable in that they can be managed to ensure they can be used indefinitely without degrading the environment (Renewable Energy Association, 2009). The energy resources available can be divided into three types. These are primary energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, uranium) which provide a net supply of energy, secondary energy sources (solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy etc.) which provide no net energy, and supplementary energy sources (geothermal and tidal) whose net energy yield is zero. Energy is an important input in all sectors of any country’s economy. The standard of living of any given country can be directly related to per capita energy consumption. Energy crisis is due to the rapid growth of world population and the improved standard of living of human beings. The per capita energy consumption is a measure of the per capita income or it is a measure of the prosperity of the nation. As the world population is growing at a faster rate, so the conventional sources of energy are depleting on the one hand and its uses are adversely affecting the environment on the other hand. If it will be continued with the same pace, it may be exhausted by the beginning of the next century. Nuclear energy requires skilled technicians and poses the safety as regards to radioactive waste disposal. Therefore, solar energy and other non-conventional energy sources are the sources; those which are to be utilized in the future. In this paper an attempt has been made to investigate the Potentials of sustainable energy resources in Eritrea with special reference to solar energy. The present study will also explore the intensity of global solar radiation reaching on a horizontal surface over Eritrea. This will be purely done by assessing the degree of solar energy penetration on Eritrea. The paper aims at discussing the cheaper and cleaner use of which is vital to the Eritrean economy and the environment as well.
Peopleâ€™s Participation in Decentralising Planning for Rural Development in the Reform Era: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Joshi G. V. 
Published: December 2020

With the commencement of economic reforms, the emphasis on decentralization has increased, especially because new partners in both decentralization and development are emerging.Â In this new era where scope for government intervention is reduced, more and more research is needed to examine how far and how efficiently decentralization can be used as a strategy for rural development in developing countries like India. This paper proposes to bring out the case for making a special institutional arrangement with a view to enable people to participate in decentralized planning for rural development.Â It focuses attention on making such an arrangement in the reform era.Â Further both the new opportunities favourable for peopleâ€™s participation and challenges that confront are identified for pinpointing the needed future course of action.
Return-to-Driving Recommendations After Lower-Extremity Orthopaedic Procedures
Authors: Frane Nicholas , Bandovic Ivan , Hu Victor , Bitterman Adam 
Published: December 2020

» Following lower-extremity orthopaedic surgery, recommendations for safe return to driving include at least 6 to 12 weeks for a right ankle fracture, 2 days to 2 weeks for a right ankle arthroscopy, 6 to 9 weeks for a total ankle arthroplasty, 6 to 7 weeks for a right Achilles tendon rupture repair, 1 to 4 weeks for a right total knee arthroplasty, 2 weeks for a left total knee arthroplasty, 3 to 6 weeks for a right anterior cruciate ligament repair, and 1 to 4 weeks for a total hip arthroplasty.» Important individual factors such as extent of injury, laterality of injury, current driving habits, type of vehicle transmission (manual or automatic), and medical comorbidities must be taken into consideration.» State laws vary widely and often use vague language to describe the legal responsibilities that orthopaedic surgeons have when providing return-to-driving recommendations.
Proximate, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral composition of Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L: A comparative study between the culture and wild resources in different size groups and potential contribution to nutritional security
Authors: Dayal Syama , Jannathulla Rajabdeen , Ambasankar Kondusamy , Vasagam Kumaraguru , Vijayan Koyadan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mugil cephalus is widely distributed across all oceans and it is a potential candidate species for aquaculture. Nutrient profiling in terms of proximate, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral composition was analyzed in muscle tissue of M. cephalus sourced from culture and wild with four different sizes (100–150 g, 151–250 g, 251–500 g and > 500 g). Results of proximate composition revealed that both the factors (resource and size) had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on moisture, crude lipid, total ash and gross energy but not on crude protein and crude fibre. Though the amino acid composition was not influenced by resource and size, the level of essential amino acids of ideal protein was higher than the recommended level by FAO/WHO for phenylalanine (43.29–45.60%), tryptophan (36.60-39.02%) and lysine (33.61–41.51%). Fatty acids like C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1c, C18:2c and γC18:3 was significantly (P < 0.05) high in cultured species compared to wild caught fish, irrespective of the size groups and the reverse was true for αC18:3, C20:4 and C20:5. The amount of calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium was significantly (P < 0.05) higher by 10.68, 5.82, 9.31 and 6.93% in wild caught fish than its counterpart. The potential contribution of this fish to nutritional security in terms of its daily value (DV) was calculated for one serving of 100 g fish to adult human being. Results revealed that lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and EPA + DHA were considered as outstanding nutrients in this fish, irrespective of their source and size as their DV crossed > 70%. Similarly, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and valine could also able to meet 50–70% of the daily needs of adult human indicating the nutritional richness of both wild and cultured M. cephalus regardless of its size.
Tumor volume and prostate-specific antigen kinetics effects on outcomes of metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Lin Yen-Chi , Lin Po-Hung , Shao I-Hung , Chu Yuan-Cheng , Kan Hung-Cheng , Liu Chung-Yi , Yu Kai-Jie , Chang Ying-Hsu , Pang See-Tong , Huang Jhen-Ling , Chuang Cheng-Keng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The present study aimed to analyse the effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic castration-naïve prostate cancer (mCNPC) and explore predictors, particularly prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics, associated with poor prognosis according to tumor volume, a new sub-classification of metastatic prostate cancer established by the CHAARTED trial.Methods We reviewed 648 patients with newly diagnosed mCNPC receiving ADT at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from January 2007 to December 2016. Basic characteristics and PSA kinetics profile were subsequently evaluated.Results Among patients with high-volume disease, those with faster time to PSA nadir (TTN) (< 7 months), higher PSA nadir (≥ 2 ng/mL), and faster PSA doubling time (PSADT) (< 2 months) had higher risk for faster disease progression or shorter overall survival (OS) compared to those with slower TTN (> 7 months), lower PSA nadir (< 2 ng/mL), and slower PSADT (> 2 months). Multivariate analysis of those with low-volume disease showed that only PSADT (< 4 months) was tended to be associated with faster disease progression or shorter OS.Conclusions PSA kinetics are effective clinical predictors for risk of disease progression and survival. Moreover, various PSA kinetics should be monitored according to tumor volume.