bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI Based Energy Optimization in Association With Class Environment
Authors: Yu Kuan-Heng , Jaimes Emanuel , Wang Chi-Chuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the performance of an optimal indoor environment in a campus classroom. The control system is able to regulate and balance the needs for illuminance, thermal comfort, air quality, and energy saving. By incorporating with Machine Learning and illumination algorithm associated with Internet of Things, wireless communication and adapted control, optimal energy saving and environment control can be achieved. Additionally, by using Video Image Detection to analyze the number of occupants and distribution in the classroom offers better energy optimization. In this study, the split-type air conditioning system has been used which is different from that in most literatures. About 30 tests are conducted and the occupant numbers range from 1 to 2 hours and each hour is 50 minutes. The class types include normal lecture and examination which shows completely different characteristics. The proposed AI agent contains the benefits not only for small or medium indoor space, but also for residences. In order to adjust the indoor illuminance, wireless and adjustable illuminance level LED were installed. Under the control of the illumination algorithm, the illuminance of each area of the classroom can be optimized according to the occupant distribution. The test results indicate that, by maintaining thermal comfort and air quality, when comparing with fixed setting point control 25 degrees, the average energy saving is 19%, and the average CO2 concentration is decreased by 21.3%. When comparing with setting point temperature of 26 degrees, the average energy saving is 15% the average CO2 is decreased by 12.9%.
Study of Coalescence-Induced Jumping Droplets on Biphilic Nanostructured Surfaces for Thermal Diodes in Thermal Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Zhu Y. , Tso C. Y. , Ho T. C. , Chao Christopher Y. H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Thermal energy can be better harvested and stored by integrating thermal diodes with thermal energy storage systems. Among different types of thermal diodes, jumping-droplet thermal diodes exploiting superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces yield greater thermal rectification performance (i.e. diodicity) due to high latent heat. However, the condensation heat transfer and coalescing-jumping droplets are restricted by the ability of water to nucleate on the superhydrophobic surface, leading to a limited maximum jumping height, finally resulting in degradation of diodicity of the thermal diode. To solve this problem, we propose coating hydrophilic bumps on the superhydrophobic surface which can provide preferable nucleation sites, forming a new type of nanostructured surface, called biphilic surface. This work aims to investigate coalescence-induced jumping droplets on biphilic surfaces to enhance diodicity of phase change thermal diodes. Our experimental results show that the jumping height and jumping volumetric flux of the coalescence-induced jumping droplets on a biphilic surface are enhanced by 42% and 254% compared to those on a superhydrophobic surface, respectively. Based on the jumping droplet results, a mathematical model for diodicity is built. 244% improvement can be achieved in the thermal diode with an optimized biphilic surface as compared to that with a superhydrophobic surface, which provides an effective strategy to improve the diodicity of a phase change thermal diode and an alternative approach to enhance the energy harvesting and storage capability in thermal energy storage systems.
Use of Silica Coated Zinc Nanoparticles for Enhancement in Thermal Properties of Carbonate Eutectic Salt for Concentrated Solar Power Plants
Authors: Rizvi Syed Muhammad Mujtaba , Nayfeh Yousof , El Far Baha , Shin Donghyun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is one of the most efficient mega-scale renewable Energy sources. However, the overall cost of energy production is not viable for commercial usage and supplanting with fossil fuels or energy produced by nuclear ways. Its operational cost mainly lies in the electrical and thermal systems of the plant. The thermal system comprises of heat storage and heat transfer system. Any enhancement to heat storage or transfer system will directly reduce the cost of operation and increase the yield. Conventionally, oils stable up to 400C were used to transfer and store heat, however more recently, molten salts have been operational in the field for purpose of heat transfer but still, their thermal storage and conduction are limited. The current work explores the possibility of boosting the thermal storage capacity of molten salts through the latent heat of added phase change materials and increasing the specific heat at the same time by adding silica encapsulated zinc nanoparticles. We studied the advantage of adding coated Zn nano-sized particles to carbonate eutectic mixture for enhanced thermal energy storage and heat capacity enhancement. Zinc particles (40nm–60nm) obtained from the commercial sources were coated with silica shells using the solgel process under alkaline conditions. The nano-capsules were then dispersed in a mixture of carbonate salts. A differential scanning calorimeter was employed to characterize the thermal properties of the mixture. Tranmission electron miocroscopy was employed to characterize nanoparticles and electron diffraction Spectroscopy was performed to characterize materials and strcutures involved.
Reporting guidelines for clinical trial reports for interventions involving artificial intelligence: the CONSORT-AI Extension
Authors: Liu Xiaoxuan , Rivera Samantha Cruz , Moher David , Calvert Melanie J , Denniston Alastair K 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe CONSORT 2010 (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement provides minimum guidelines for reporting randomised trials. Its widespread use has been instrumental in ensuring transparency when evaluating new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate impact on health outcomes.The CONSORT-AI extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trials evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for clinical trial protocols: SPIRIT-AI. Both guidelines were developed through a staged consensus process, involving a literature review and expert consultation to generate 29 candidate items, which were assessed by an international multi-stakeholder group in a two-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed on in a two-day consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants).The CONSORT-AI extension includes 14 new items, which were considered sufficiently important for AI interventions, that they should be routinely reported in addition to the core CONSORT 2010 items. CONSORT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention is integrated, the handling of inputs and outputs of the AI intervention, the human-AI interaction and providing analysis of error cases.CONSORT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness in reporting clinical trials for AI interventions. It will assist editors and peer-reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the quality of clinical trial design and risk of bias in the reported outcomes.
Strategies adopted by men to deal with uncertainty and anxiety when following an active surveillance/monitoring protocol for localised prostate cancer and implications for care: a longitudinal qualitative study embedded within the ProtecT trial
Authors: Wade Julia , Donovan Jenny , Lane Athene , Davis Michael , Walsh Eleanor , Neal David , Turner Emma , Martin Richard , Metcalfe Chris , Peters Tim , Hamdy Freddie , Kockelbergh Roger , Catto James , Paul Alan , Holding Peter , Rosario Derek , Kynaston Howard , Rowe Edward , Hughes Owen , Bollina Prasad , Gillatt David , Doherty Alan , Gnanapragasam Vincent J , Paez Edgar 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesActive surveillance (AS) enables men with low risk, localised prostate cancer (PCa) to avoid radical treatment unless progression occurs; lack of reliable AS protocols to determine progression leaves uncertainties for men and clinicians. This study investigated men’s strategies for coping with the uncertainties of active monitoring (AM, a surveillance strategy within the Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment, ProtecT trial) over the longer term and implications for optimising supportive care.DesignLongitudinal serial in-depth qualitative interviews every 2–3 years for a median 7 (range 6–14) years following diagnosis.SettingFour centres within the UK Protect trial.ParticipantsPurposive sample of 20 men with localised PCa: median age at diagnosis 64 years (range 52–68); 15 (75%) had low-risk PCa; 12 randomly allocated to, 8 choosing AM. Eleven men continued with AM throughout the study period (median 7 years). Nine received radical treatment after a median 4 years (range 0.8–13.8 years).InterventionAM: 3-monthly serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-level assessment (year 1), 6–12 monthly thereafter; increase in PSA ≥50% during previous 12 months or patient/clinician concern triggered review.Main outcomesThematic analysis of 73 interviews identified strategies to accommodate uncertainty and anxiety of living with untreated cancer; implications for patient care.ResultsMen sought clarity, control or reassurance, with contextual factors mediating individual responses. Trust in the clinical team was critical for men in balancing anxiety and facilitating successful management change/continued monitoring. Only men from ProtecT were included; men outside ProtecT may have different experiences.ConclusionMen looked to clinicians for clarity, control and reassurance. Where provided, men felt comfortable continuing AM or having radical treatments when indicated. Clinicians build patient trust by clearly describing uncertainties, allowing patients control wherever possible and being aware of how context influences individual responses. Insights indicate need for supportive services to build trust and patient engagement over the long term.Trial registration numberISRCTN20141297; Pre-results.
Preferences of people with type 2 diabetes for telemedical lifestyle programmes in Germany: protocol of a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Sommer Jana , Dyczmons Jan , Grobosch Sandra , Gontscharuk Veronika , Vomhof Markus , Roden Michael , Icks Andrea 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionTelemedical lifestyle programmes for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) provide an opportunity to develop a healthier lifestyle and consequently to improve health outcomes. When implementing new programmes into standard care, considering patients’ preferences may increase the success of the participants. This study aims to examine the preferences of people with T2DM with respect to telemedical lifestyle programmes, to analyse whether these preferences predict programme success and to explore the changes that may occur during a telemedical lifestyle intervention.Methods and analysisWe outline the protocol of the development and assessment of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to examine patient preferences in a telemedical lifestyle programme with regard to the functions of the online portal, communication, responsibilities, group activities and time requirements. To develop the design of the DCE, we conducted pilot work involving healthcare experts and in particular people with T2DM using cognitive pretesting. The final DCE is being implemented within a randomised controlled trial for investigating whether participation in a telemedical lifestyle intervention programme sustainably improves the HbA1c values in 850 members of a large German statutory health insurance with T2DM. Preferences are being assessed before and after participants complete the programme. The DCE data will be analysed using regression and latent class analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe DCE study has been approved by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of the Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, registration number 2018-242-ProspDEuA, registered on 6 December 2018. The TeLIPro trial is registered at the US National Library of Medicine, registration number NCT03675919, registered on 15 September 2018. We aim to disseminate our results in peer-reviewed journals, at national and international conferences and among interested patient groups and the public.
Microscopic decompressive laminectomy versus percutaneous endoscopic decompressive laminectomy in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Rong , Li Xiuxia , Zhang Xiaogang , Qin Daping , Yang Guodong , Gao Guodong , Zhang Hua 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionLumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common lumbar degenerative disease in the elderly, usually requiring surgery if conservative treatment fails. Microscopic decompressive laminectomy (MDL) and percutaneous endoscopic decompressive laminectomy (PEDL) have been widely used to treat LSS. This study aims to provide a protocol for the evaluation and comparison of the efficacy, safety and applicability between MDL and PEDL.Methods and analysisWe will search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing MDL and PEDL for treating LSS from inception to December 2019 in the following databases: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and China Biology Medicine. The quality of included studies will be assessed using the risk of bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook 5.2.0. Subsequently, a meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Ethics and disseminationGiven the nature of this study, no ethical approval will be required. The protocol will be disseminated via a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020164765.
Body mass index change and estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in a middle-aged population: health check-based cohort in Japan
Authors: Fukuma Shingo , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Bragg-Gresham Jennifer , Norton Edward , Yamada Yukari , Kohmoto Daichi , Saran Rajiv 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundObesity is a growing public health problem worldwide. We evaluated the mediators and association between changes in obesity metrics and renal outcomes in the general population.MethodsUsing the Japanese nationwide health check-based cohort from April 2011 to March 2019, we selected individuals aged 40–74 years, with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2, whose body mass index (BMI) change was assessed. The primary outcome was combined 30% decline in eGFR, eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 and end-stage renal disease.ResultsDuring 245 147 person-years’ follow-up among 50 604 participants (mean eGFR, 83.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; mean BMI, 24.1 kg/m2), 645 demonstrated eGFR decline (incidence rate 2.6/1000 person-years, 95% CI: 2.4 to 2.8). We observed continued initial changes in BMI for over 6 years and a U-shaped association between BMI change and eGFR decline. Compared with 0% change in BMI, adjusted HRs for changes of −10%, −4%, 4% and 10% were 1.53 (95% CI: 1.15 to 2.04), 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.30), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.32) and 1.87 (95% CI: 1.25 to 2.80), respectively. The percentage of excess risk of BMI increase (>4%) mediated by three risk factors (blood pressure, haemoglobin A1c and total cholesterol), was 13.3%.ConclusionIn the middle-aged Japanese population, both, increase and decrease in BMI were associated with subsequent eGFR decline. Changes in risk factors mediated a small proportion of the association between BMI increase and eGFR decline. Our findings support the clinical significance of monitoring BMI as a renal risk factor.
Cancer Loyalty Card Study (CLOCS): protocol for an observational case–control study focusing on the patient interval in ovarian cancer diagnosis
Authors: Brewer Hannah R , Hirst Yasemin , Sundar Sudha , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Flanagan James M 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionOvarian cancer is the eighth most common cancer in women worldwide, and about 1 in 5 women with ovarian cancer do not receive treatment, because they are too unwell by the time they are diagnosed. Symptoms of ovarian cancer are non-specific or can be associated with other common conditions, and women experiencing these symptoms have been shown to self-manage them using over-the-counter medication. Results from a recent proof-of-concept study suggest there may be an increase in the purchases of painkillers and indigestion medication 10–12 months before ovarian cancer diagnosis. We propose a case–control study, as part of a larger project called the Cancer Loyalty Card Study (CLOCS), to investigate whether a significant change in medication purchases could be an indication for early signs of ovarian cancer, using data already collected through store loyalty cards.Methods and analysisUsing a retrospective case–control design, we aim to recruit 500 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer (cases) and 500 women without ovarian cancer (controls) in the UK who hold a loyalty card with at least one participating high street retailer. We will use pre-existing loyalty card data to compare past purchase patterns of cases with those of controls. In order to assess ovarian cancer risk in participants and their purchase patterns, we will collect information from participants on ovarian cancer risk factors and clinical data including symptoms experienced before diagnosis from recruited women with ovarian cancer.Ethics and disseminationCLOCS was reviewed and approved by the North West-Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee (19/NW/0427). Study outcomes will be disseminated through academic publications, the study website, social media and a report to the research sites that support the study once results are published.Trial registration numberISRCTN 14897082, CPMS 43323, NCT03994653.
Workplace violence against healthcare professionals in a multiethnic area: a cross-sectional study in southwest China
Authors: Jia Haonan , Fang Huiying , Chen Ruohui , Jiao Mingli , Wei Lifeng , Zhang Gangyu , Li Yuanheng , Wang Ying , Wang Yameng , Jiang Kexin , Li Jingqun , Jia Xiaowen , Ismael Omar Yacouba , Mao Jingfu , Wu Qunhong 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine workplace violence (WPV) towards healthcare professionals in a multiethnic area in China, including prevalence, influencing factors, healthcare professionals’ response to WPV, expected antiviolence training measures and content, and evaluation of WPV interventions.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA grade III, class A hospital in the capital of Yunnan Province, which is the province with the most diverse ethnic minority groups in China.ParticipantsIn total, 2036 healthcare professionals participated, with a response rate of 83.79%.ResultsThe prevalence of physical and psychological violence was 5.5% and 43.7%, respectively. Healthcare professionals of ethnic minority were more likely to experience psychological violence (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.05). Stratified by gender, male healthcare professionals of ethnic minority suffered from more physical violence (OR=3.31, 95% CI 1.12 to 9.79), while female healthcare professionals suffered from psychological violence (OR=1.71, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.36). We also found a unique work situation in China: overtime duty on-call work (18:00–07:00) was a risk factor for psychological violence (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.93). Healthcare professionals of ethnic minority are less likely to order perpetrators to stop or to report to superiors when faced with psychological violence. They are also more interested in receiving training in force skills and self-defence. Both Han and ethnic minority participants considered security measures as the most useful intervention, while changing the time of shift the most useless one.ConclusionOur study comprehensively described WPV towards healthcare professionals in a multiethnic minority area. More research on WPV conducted in multiethnic areas is needed.
Rationale and design of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, investigator-initiated phase 2a study to investigate the efficacy and safety of elobixibat in combination with cholestyramine for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kessoku Takaomi , Kobayashi Takashi , Ozaki Anna , Iwaki Michihiro , Honda Yasushi , Ogawa Yuji , Imajo Kento , Saigusa Yusuke , Yamamoto Koji , Yamanaka Takeharu , Usuda Haruki , Wada Koichiro , Yoneda Masato , Saito Satoru , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis involves abnormal metabolism of cholesterol and hepatic accumulation of toxic free-cholesterol. Elobixibat (EXB) inhibits the ileal bile acid (BA) transporter. EXB and cholestyramine (CTM) facilitate the removal of free cholesterol from the liver by decreasing BA recirculation to the liver, thereby stimulating novel BA synthesis from cholesterol. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase IIa study, we aim to provide a proof-of-concept assessment by evaluating the efficacy and safety of EXB in combination with CTM in patients with NAFLD.Methods and analysisA total of 100 adult patients with NAFLD, diagnosed based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level of >120 mg/dL and liver fat content of ≥8% by MRI-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria will be enrolled. The patients will be randomly assigned to receive the combination therapy of 10 mg EXB and 9 g CTM powder (4 g CTM), 10 mg EXB monotherapy, 9 g CTM powder monotherapy or a placebo treatment (n=25 per group). Blood tests and MRIs will be performed 16 weeks following treatment initiation. The primary study endpoint will be the absolute LDL-C level change at week 16 after treatment initiation. The exploratory endpoint will include absolute changes in the liver fat fraction as measured by MRI-PDFF. This proof-of-concept study will determine whether the combination therapy of EXB and CTM is effective and safe for patients with NAFLD.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Yokohama City University Hospital before participant enrolment. The results of this study will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed journals and the key findings will be presented at international scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04235205