bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering the role of sex hormones in psychopathy development: Estrogen and psychopathy among male justice‐involved youth
Authors: Harrison Natalie A. , Earley Ryan L. , Salekin Randall T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProminent theory suggests that factor one psychopathic traits may develop from increased input from hormones in the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis (HPG; i.e., testosterone) and decreased input from the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA; i.e., cortisol). Although there are extensive findings connecting low cortisol to psychopathy, less support has emerged for high levels of testosterone. This study examined whether incorporating the HPG hormone, estradiol, into this model would reveal relationships in line with theory: high levels of estradiol and testosterone in combination with low levels of cortisol would inform psychopathic traits. Baseline and reactive hormone levels were measured and compared to Psychopathy Checklist‐Youth Version (PCL‐YV) interviews among 66 male justice‐involved youth (M age = 15.73) in a Southeastern juvenile detention center. The primary findings of this study were relationships between interacting HPA and HPG axis hormones with facet one and facet two psychopathic traits. Specifically, psychopathy total scores, interpersonal traits, and affective traits related to estradiol and testosterone reactivity, in that psychopathy scores were more likely with decreases in hormone reactivity (i.e., change in hormone level) following a stressor. Moreover, affective traits related to reactivity in all three hormones. These findings support inclusion of estradiol in neurobiological models of psychopathy and consideration of the individual components of psychopathy. This study adds to the growing body of research supporting interactions between variations in functioning of the HPA and HPG axes in relation to psychopathy.
When enhanced awareness threatens: Interactive effects of domain‐specific awareness and acceptance manipulations on cardiovascular indices of challenge and threat
Authors: Manigault Andrew W. , Peters Brett J. , Zoccola Peggy M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMindfulness includes acceptance and awareness subcomponents, and emerging theories imply that cultivating both acceptance and awareness may benefit health by diminishing stress reactivity. Yet, no prior work has examined the effects of mindful acceptance and awareness on cardiovascular markers of threat and challenge—cardiac output and total peripheral resistance—despite the unique insights these indices yield into stress‐related evaluations and motivation. The current research integrates Monitor and Acceptance Theory with the Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat to elucidate how an awareness manipulation and a brief acceptance training are associated with cardiovascular stress responses underlying states of challenge and threat. Healthy young adults (N = 202) were enrolled in a 2 × 2 between‐subjects experimental design manipulating both awareness (enhanced awareness vs. no enhanced awareness) and acceptance (acceptance training vs. no acceptance training) of physiological responses to a social‐evaluative cold pressor test. Cardiovascular indices were recorded throughout. The combination of enhanced awareness and acceptance training led to higher cardiac output and lower total peripheral resistance (indexing greater challenge, less threat) to the cold pressor test than the combination of enhanced awareness and no acceptance training. However, the combination of no enhanced awareness and no acceptance training also led to higher cardiac output and lower total peripheral resistance than the combination of enhanced awareness and no acceptance training. These results add to a growing body of work suggesting that mindful awareness and acceptance subcomponents interact to influence stress reactivity and imply that enhanced stressor awareness without acceptance may lead to increased threat.
Impaired vasodilation in pregnant African Americans: Preliminary evidence of potential antecedents and consequences
Authors: Christian Lisa M. , Koenig Julian , Williams DeWayne P. , Kapuku Gaston , Thayer Julian F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSignificant health disparities exist between African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) in hypertension and hypertension‐related disorders. Evidence suggests that this is due to impaired vasodilation in AAs. Pregnancy is a potent systemic vasodilatory state. However, differences in vasodilation between AAs and EAs have not been investigated in pregnancy. We sought to examine the effects of pregnancy on vasodilation in AA and EA women and how this might be related to discrimination and low birth weight in their offspring. Hemodynamics [blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR)] and heart rate variability (HF‐HRV) were examined at baseline in 40 pregnant AAs (n = 20) and EAs (n = 20) and matched nonpregnant women (n = 40). The Experiences of Discrimination scale and birth weight were also measured in the offspring of the pregnant participants. Whereas pregnancy was associated with decreased MAP independent of race, AAs showed impaired vasodilation independent of pregnancy status as indicated by greater TPR despite greater HF‐HRV. In AAs, but not EAs, reports of fewer incidences of discrimination were associated with greater TPR. Finally, the HF‐HRV of EA mothers was inversely related to the birth weight of their offspring but was uncorrelated in AAs. We report novel evidence of impaired vasodilation to an endogenous vasodilatory stimulus in AAs. Higher TPR was related to discrimination in AAs and higher HF‐HRV was related to low birth weight in EAs. These findings have implications for understanding the intergenerational transmission of impaired vasodilation in AAs.
Adaptation measures in dental care for children with history of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A practical proposal
Authors: Oh Jung Eun , López‐Santacruz Hiram Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) such as maltreatment, abuse, or neglect can disrupt childhood development and increase the risk of health issues, including dental health. Such a vulnerable population frequently may deny dental treatment due to fear of intimate contact in the oral cavity, resulting in a vicious cycle that further leads to detrimental oral health. It is important for dentists, particularly pediatric dentists, to not only understand how to identify potential cases of abuse or maltreatment but also how to treat these patients so that the dental treatment does not become a negative experience. The purpose of this paper is to understand the psychological and physical implications of pediatric patients who have had ACEs and to identify the best methods to manage these patients during the dental treatment.
Responsiveness, minimal important difference, minimal relevant difference, and optimal number of patients for a study
Authors: Comins Jonathan David , Brodersen John , Christensen Karl Bang , Jensen Jonas , Hansen Christian Fugl , Krogsgaard Michael R. 
Published: October 2020

Several terms are used to describe changes in PROM scores in

relation to treatments. Whether the change is small, large, or relevant is defined in different ways,

yet these change scores are used to recommend or oppose treatments. They are also used to calculate the

necessary number of patients for a study. This article offers a theoretical explanation behind the

terms responsiveness, minimal important difference (MID), minimal important change (MIC), minimal

relevant difference (MIREDIF), and threshold of clinical importance. It also gives instructions on how

these and the optimal number of patients for a study are calculated. Responses to two domains of the

Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), before and 1 year after reconstruction of

the anterior cruciate ligament of 164 patients, are used to illustrate the calculations. This paper

presents the most common methods used to calculate and interpret MID. Results vary substantially across

domains, patient location on the scale, and health conditions. The optimal number of patients depends

on the minimal relevant difference (MIREDIF), the standard error of the measure (SEM), the desired

statistical power for the measurement, and the responsiveness of the measurement instrument (the PROM).

There is often uncertainty surrounding the calculation and interpretation of responsiveness, MID, and

MIREDIF, as these concepts are complex. When MID is used to evaluate research results, authors should

specify how the MID was calculated, and its relevance for the study population. These measures should

only be used after thorough consideration to justify healthcare decisions.
Skin tags imaged by reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography and multispectral optoacoustic tomography at the bedside
Authors: Fredman Gabriella , Qiu Yi , Ardigò Marco , Mogensen Mette 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin tags are common and mostly benign, but occasionally contain skin cancers. This study analysed skin tags by combining three advanced optical imaging technologies: reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multispectral optoacoustic imaging (MSOT) supplemented by dermoscopyMaterials and methodsA prospective clinical study recruiting patients with skin tags from a university hospital clinic over a 2‐week period. OCT, RCM and MSOT imaging were performed prior to excisional biopsies. Image features such as pigmentation, cell types and skin architecture, angiographic information demonstrating vascular pattern were captured, analysed, and compared to melanin and haemoglobin content in MSOT as well as histopathology.ResultsSix patients with dermal naevi (2); compound naevi (3); neurofibroma (1) were included. All skin tags except the neurofibroma were pigmented (5/6), with sparse (5/6) and dense (4/6) hyperreflective nests and band‐like collagen in dermis in 6/6 lesions on RCM. Dermoscopy showed dots (5/6) and coiled vessels (5/6). Linear vertical vessels were present in all OCT images. MSOT images consisted of a compact shell‐like superficial melanin area, same shape and size as the skin tag, dermal vessels were visible in 4/5 naevi, HbO2 signal clearly demarcated blood vessels located below the melanin signal.ConclusionOCT showed linear vessels in all lesions. Pigmentation was identified by RCM as benign nests of melanocytes. MSOT supplemented with spatial distribution of melanin and HbO2 that indicated all skin tags were benign with no infiltration of vessels inside the melanin signal. Each advanced method proved indispensable for fast diagnosis. Larger studies are warranted for validation.
Digital mapping of soil texture classes using Random Forest classification algorithm
Authors: Dharumarajan Subramanian , Hegde Rajendra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoil texture is the most important soil physical property that determines water holding capacity, nutrient availability and crop growth. Spatial distribution of soil texture at a higher spatial resolution at regional and national level is essential for crop planning and management. In the present study, we mapped the soil textural classes over 16.2 M ha area of Andhra Pradesh state, India, at 250 m spatial resolution up to 2 m depth using the digital soil mapping approach. A total of 2,272 profile observations were used for the prediction of soil textural classes using the Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm. To estimate textural classes at six standard soil depth intervals (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–100 and 100–200 cm), we used continuous depth function of texture distribution using average sand, silt and clay content of different textural classes. Depth‐wise spline outputs were then transformed into textural classes as per USDA textural classification. Sixteen environmental variables including Landsat‐8 data, digital elevation model attributes and climatic variables were used for modelling. For model building, 75% of data was used and 25% of data was used for validation. Overall classification accuracy index and kappa index were calculated for validation data sets using 100 RF models. We recorded overall accuracy of 50%–65% and kappa index of 35%–47% for various depths. We found that equal‐area quadratic splines of average sand, silt and clay are useful for soil profile depth harmonization of soil textural classes and random forest classification algorithm is a promising tool for spatial prediction of texture classes at the regional level. The present high‐resolution (250 m) maps of soil texture classes are useful for different hydrological studies and preparation of proper land‐use plans.
HLA‐A*11:263 is found on the haplotype: HLA‐A*11:263‐C*03:04:01‐B*13:01
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Li Chi‐Cheng , Lin Py‐Yu 
Published: October 2020

Summary
HLA‐A*11:263 on the haplotype HLA‐A*11:263‐C*03:04:01‐B*13:01.
Unilateral leg pain caused by cryptococcal myositis: An unusual presentation of disseminated cryptococcosis in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Lier Audun J. , Virmani Sarthak , Ilagan‐Ying Ysabel , Leelatian Nalin , Darbinyan Armine , Malinis Maricar F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCryptococcal disease is a rare but often serious infection in solid organ transplant recipients, commonly presenting as meningitis and pneumonia but can rarely cause myositis. We report the case of a 43‐year‐old female kidney transplant recipient with two previous graft failures requiring re‐transplantations who presented with a 1‐month duration of worsening unilateral leg pain, swelling, and shortness of breath. Blood cultures isolated Cryptococcus neoformans. A calf biopsy was performed and histopathology revealed myonecrosis with yeast forms consistent with Cryptococcus spp. Liposomal amphotericin B (LamB) was administered. Her course was complicated by hypoxemic respiratory failure with development of ground glass opacities on chest imaging. Work‐up revealed bacterial and C neoformans pneumonia and probable Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) She received trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole and LamB and was discharged on fluconazole. Shortly thereafter she was re‐admitted with confusion, septic shock, and multi‐organ failure. Work‐up revealed PJP with subsequent development of cryptococcal meningitis. Despite aggressive management, she expired. Disseminated cryptococcal infection may manifest as myositis. Presence of cryptococcal infection is a marker of severe net state of immunosuppression (IS), hence, presence of other opportunistic infections is likely. Early recognition of cryptococcal infection, institution of targeted therapy, and IS reduction are important to improve overall survival.
Successful liver transplantation in a patient recovered from COVID‐19
Authors: Dhand Abhay , Bodin Roxana , Wolf David C. , Schluger Aaron , Nabors Christopher , Nog Rajat , Diflo Thomas , Nishida Seigo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTransplantation in potential candidates who have recently recovered from COVID‐19 is a challenge with uncertainties regarding the diagnosis, multi‐organ systemic involvement, prolonged viral shedding in immunocompromised patients, and optimal immunosuppression. A 42 year male with alcoholic hepatitis underwent a successful deceased donor liver transplantation 71 days after the initial diagnosis of COVID‐19. At the time of transplant, he was SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR negative for 24 days and had a MELD score of 33. His post‐operative course was complicated by acute rejection which responded to intense immune‐suppression using T‐cell depletion and steroids. He was discharged with normal end‐organ function and no evidence of any active infection including COVID‐19. Prospective organ transplant recipients who have recovered from COVID‐19 can be considered for transplantation after careful pre‐transplant evaluation, donor selection, and individualized risk‐benefit analysis.
Furosemide administration onehour before bone scintigraphy examination in horses does not improve the image quality or reduce the radiation dose rate
Authors: Mageed Mahmoud , Wegert Julius , Dyab Shahlaa , Gerlach Kerstin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis prospective, cross‐sectional, pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of furosemide as a diuretic on the image quality of bone scintigraphy performed using 99mTc‐HDP and to investigate the impact of furosemide on the radiation dose rate. Thirty‐one horses undergoing bone scintigraphy were included. The horses were divided into the control (n = 14) and furosemide group (n = 17), which received 1 mg/kg furosemide intravenously 1 h post 99mTc‐HDP administration. The image quality was assessed subjectively and semi‐quantitatively. The bone‐to‐soft tissue (B:S) ratio was calculated from the counts per pixel of regions of interest (ROI) positioned over the left radial diaphysis (bone ROI) and its caudal soft tissue area (soft tissue ROI). The radiation rate dose (μSv/h) of both groups was measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h post 99mTc‐HDP administration at a distance of 0, 30, and 100 cm from the head, kidney, and pelvis. The results showed no significant differences in the B:S ratio or the radiation dose rate observed between the groups. However, the radiation dose rate decreased by 56% at 3 h post 99mTc‐HDP administration and keeping a distance of 30 cm reduced the radiation dose rate by 65%. Administering furosemide does not improve the image quality or reduce the radiation dose rate. The authors recommend commencing with bone scintigraphy 3 h post 99mTc‐HDP administration and keeping at least a distance of 30 cm from the horse to reduce the staff radiation dose.
Treatment success of internet-based vestibular rehabilitation in general practice: development and internal validation of a prediction model
Authors: van Vugt Vincent A , Heymans Martijn W , van der Wouden Johannes C , van der Horst Henriëtte E , Maarsingh Otto R 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo develop and internally validate prediction models to assess treatment success of both stand-alone and blended online vestibular rehabilitation (VR) in patients with chronic vestibular syndrome.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.Setting59 general practices in The Netherlands.Participants202 adults, aged 50 years and older with a chronic vestibular syndrome who received either stand-alone VR (98) or blended VR (104). Stand-alone VR consisted of a 6-week, internet-based intervention with weekly online sessions and daily exercises. In blended VR, the same intervention was supplemented with physiotherapy support.Main outcome measuresSuccessful treatment was defined as: clinically relevant improvement of (1) vestibular symptoms (≥3 points improvement Vertigo Symptom Scale—Short Form); (2) vestibular-related disability (>11 points improvement Dizziness Handicap Inventory); and (3) both vestibular symptoms and vestibular-related disability. We assessed performance of the predictive models by applying calibration plots, Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics, area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and applied internal validation.ResultsImprovement of vestibular symptoms, vestibular-related disability or both was seen in 121, 81 and 64 participants, respectively. We generated predictive models for each outcome, resulting in different predictors in the final models. Calibration for all models was adequate with non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics, but the discriminative ability of the final predictive models was poor (AUC 0.54 to 0.61). None of the identified models are therefore suitable for use in daily general practice to predict treatment success of online VR.ConclusionIt is difficult to predict treatment success of internet-based VR and it remains unclear who should be treated with stand-alone VR or blended VR. Because we were unable to develop a useful prediction model, the decision to offer stand-alone or blended VR should for now be based on availability, cost effectiveness and patient preference.Trial registration numberThe Netherlands Trial Register NTR5712.
Signature PSO: A novel inertia weight adjustment using fuzzy signature for LQR tuning
Authors: Komarudin Achmad , Setyawan Novendra , Kamajaya Leonardo , Achmadiah Mas Nurul , Zulfatman Zulfatman 
Published: October 2020

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is an optimization algorithm that is simple and reliable to complete optimization. The balance between exploration and exploitation of PSO searching characteristics is maintained by inertia weight. Since this parameter has been introduced, there have been several different strategies to determine the inertia weight during a train of the run. This paper describes the method of adjusting the inertia weights using fuzzy signatures called signature PSO. Some parameters were used as a fuzzy signature variable to represent the particle situation in a run. The implementation to solve the tuning problem of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control parameters is also presented in this paper. Another weight adjustment strategy is also used as a comparison in performance evaluation using an integral time absolute error (ITAE). Experimental results show that signature PSO was able to give a good approximation to the optimum control parameters of LQR in this case.
Peak power shaving in hybrid power supplied 5G base station
Authors: Woon Lee Jia , Ramasamy Gobbi , Thiagarajah Siva Priya 
Published: October 2020

The Information and Communication Technology sector consumes approximately 3% of the world’s electrical energy due to the exploding demand for internet service. The most energy-intensive part of cellular communications is the base station, which there are about four million of them deployed globally. As Fifth Generation (5G) wireless networks are introduced, the number of base stations will be growing in parallel with the data traffic which in turn will increase the energy consumption of the base station to cater for the growing capacity. The high-power consumption and dynamic traffic demand overburden the base station and consequently reduce energy efficiency. In this paper, an energy-efficient hybrid power supply system for a 5G macro base station is proposed. It is analysed that with the solar energy working in conjunction with the conventional supply from the grid, the reduction of poor power quality is observed as the fluctuation of the demand is greatly decreased. The proposed model showed a reduction in the average grid power by 14.9%. Furthermore, the power supply showed peak power shaving of 5kW; thus, reducing the reliance on the grid as well as increased the energy-efficient of this hybrid power supply system.
Lived experiences of Indian Youth amid COVID-19 crisis: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Suhail Alina , Iqbal Naved , Smith Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

Background: COVID-19 and the resultant lockdowns have caused a global discomposure. Out of a plethora of ramifications of this unusual state, mental health problems are becoming a serious concern. Considering the peculiarity of the situation, encapsulation of the lived experiences of people affected by COVID-19 may lead us towards a better understanding and control of the situation. Aim: The aim of the present study was to get an in-depth analysis of the lived experiences of Indian youth amid COVID-19 crisis and its impact on their mental health. Method: Ten college going students were telephonically interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule to elicit participants’ experiences with COVID-19 and the impact it has posed on their mental health. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: The analysis revealed three master themes: (1) ‘Impact on mental health’, (2) ‘Positive experiences’ and (3) ‘Ways of coping amid the crisis’. Conclusion: The study draws attention to the mental health concerns of Indian youth amid the current crisis. The findings also highlight the positive outcomes of the crisis as well as the different ways of coping adopted by young individuals in India.