bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Infantile Hemangioma Referral Score: A Validated Tool for Physicians
Authors: Léauté-Labrèze Christine , Baselga Torres Eulalia , Weibel Lisa , Boon Laurence M. , El Hachem Maya , van der Vleuten Catharina , Roessler Jochen , Troilius Rubin Agneta 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are common; some cases require timely referral and treatment to prevent complications. We developed and validated a reliable instrument for timely and adequate referral of patients with IH to experts by nonexpert primary physicians.

METHODS:
In this multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study, we used a 3-stage process: (1) development of the Infantile Hemangioma Referral Score (IHReS) tool by IH experts who selected a representative set of 42 IH cases comprising images and a short clinical history, (2) definition of the gold standard for the 42 cases by a second independent committee of IH experts, and (3) IHReS validation by nonexpert primary physicians using the 42 gold standard cases.

RESULTS:
A total of 60 primary physicians from 7 different countries evaluated the 42 gold standard cases (without reference to the IHReS tool); 45 primary physicians evaluated these cases using the IHReS questionnaire, and 44 completed retesting using the instrument. IHReS had a sensitivity of 96.9% (95% confidence interval 96.1%–97.8%) and a specificity of 55.0% (95% confidence interval 51.0%–59.0%). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 40.5% and 98.3%, respectively. Validation by experts and primary physicians revealed substantial agreement for interrater reliability and intrarater repeatability.

CONCLUSIONS:
IHReS, a 2-part algorithm with a total of 12 questions, is an easy-to-use tool for primary physicians for the purpose of facilitating correct and timely referral of patients with IH. IHReS may help practitioners in their decision to refer patients to expert centers.
PRINSIP MEMUDAHKAN URUSAN DALAM SOSIOLOGI ISLAM
Authors: Mutaqin Zaenal , Ahmad Ridzwan 
Published: March 2020

Fokus kajian ini adalah fiqh al-taisir Yusuf al-Qaradawi. Yusuf al-Qaradawi adalah salah seorang tokoh sangat dikagumi oleh para pengkaji dan peneliti hukum Islam karena fatwa dan pandangannya selalu up to date dan segar disamping gaya bahasanya yang mudah dan tepat. Pendekatan yang digunakannya adalah kesederhanaan dan kemudahan. Namun ada sekelompok umat Islam yang mempertikai fatwa dan pandangan fiqhnya. Maka diperlukan adanya satu penyelidikan berkaitan dengan pemikiran kesederhanaan dan kemudahan yang diusungnya. Kajian ini berbentuk literatur yang berbasis analisis dengan maqasid al-shari’ah. Antara formula yang dianalisis dalam fiqh al-taisir al-Qaradawi adalah: konsep fiqh al-taisir dan seperangkat premis yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaanya, meliputi: isu tentang rukhsah, darurat dan keadaan yang meringankan, memilih yang mudah bukan yang berhati-hati, membatasi masalah yang wajib dan haram, bebas dari fanatisme mazhab, menerapkan prinsip kemudahan dalam masalah yang susah dielakkan, penjagaan maqasid dan perubahan fatwa. Penulis mendapati dari penyelidikan ini bahwa ide kesederhanaan dan kemudahan dalam fiqh al-taisir al-Qaradawi masih bisa diterima dan boleh dijadikan panduan, karena isu yang diusung dalam fiqh al-taysirnya adalah isu-isu khilafiyah yang terbuka dengan perbincangan bukan masalah qat’i yang sudah pasti. Namun di dalam pelaksanaannya tidak boleh digunakan pada setiap isu dan keadaan, disamping itu hendaknya tidak menyimpang dari garis panduan konsep taisir yang digagas oleh para ulama usul fiqh dan selari dengan maqasid al-shari’ah yang menjadi acuan utama dalam falsafah hukum Islam.
Uji Ketahanan Bakteri Patogen yang Diinokulasi pada Bakasang dalam Kondisi Lingkungan Berbeda
Authors: Widyayanti Indah , Melisa Masengi  
Published: March 2020

Bakasang merupakan suatu produk fermentasi, biasanya terbuat dari jeroan ikan cakalang atau ikan-ikan kecil seperti teri dan sardin, yangdiolah secara tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuanmengetahui ketahanan bakteri patogen Salmonella typhi dan Staphylococcus aureusyang diinokulasi pada bakasang dalam kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda. Pengujian dilakukan pada kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda yaitu kondisi pH 4.90 , 5.05, 6.02, dan 7.0, konsentrasi inokulum 104 dan 108sel/ml, umur kultur bakteri patogen 18 dan 96 jam, , suhu 62 dan 720C, dan konsentrasi bakasang : air(100:0, 50:50, dan 25 : 75). Data dianalisa menggunakan analisa sidik ragam dan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pH 4,90 dan 5.05 memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.typhi dan S.aureus yang diinokulasi pada bakasang (P<0,05). Konsentrasi inokulum104 dan 108.sel/ml,umur kultur bakteri patogen18 dan 96 jam dan konsentrasi bakasang : air memberikan pengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri patogen diinokulasi pada bakasang (P>0,05). Hasil ketahanan panas bakteri yang diinokulasi pada bakasang menunjukkan bahwa lama pemanasan suhu 62 dan 72ºC memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri patogen S.aureus dan S. typhi yang diinokulasi pada bakasang (P<0,05).
Sebaran Rumpon di Samudera Hindia pada Daerah Penangkapan Purse Seine
Authors: Sarianto Deni , Djunaidi  , Kadi Istrianto  
Published: March 2020

Rumpon atau Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD) telah lama digunakan oleh para nelayan purse seine di Sibolga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan rumpon yang dioperasikan oleh para nelayan Sibolga di Samudera Hindia dan jenis ikan yang ditangkap di sekitar rumpon tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Sibolga, Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga wilayah pemasangan rumpun di Samudera Hindia yaitu (1) Zona rumpon yang berada di Pulau Nias, (2) Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI), dan (3) Rumpon yang berada di Kepulauan Mentawai. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan jenisnya, ikan-ikan yang dominan tertangkap di sekitar rumpon adalah cakalang (1114,196 ton), layang pectoral pendek (338,344 ton) dan layang deles (217,505 ton), tongkol pisang-balaki (165,67 ton), tembang (148,786 ton), madidihang (78,175 ton). Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hasil tangkapan dengan menggunakan purse seine di tiga wilayah tersebut atas didominasi oleh ikan-ikan yang berukuran kecil dan sedang. Daerah penangkapan ikan yang potensial bagi nelayan purse saine Sibolga berada di perairan di sekitar Pulau Nias dan Pulau Mentawai.
Proximate, Amino Acid Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Woton (Sterculia sp.) Leaves from Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Sayuti Mohammad , Supriatna Iman , Hismayasari Intanurfemi B. , Yani Ahmad , Saidin  
Published: March 2020

Woton (Sterculia sp.) plant is an endemic plant of Papua and West Papua, Indonesia that has many benefits for the community. This research aims to examine the contents of proximate, amino acid, and antibacterial activity from the leaves extract of two plants namely Sterculia shilinglawii and Sterculia tragacantha. The sample of Sterculia sp. leaves are cleaned, dried, and milled. Then, its chemical composition, amino acid, and bacterial activity are analyzed using a standard procedure. The chemical composition was analyzed using standard AOAC, amino acid was examined using LCMS and antibacterial activity was analyzed using barrier zone against the bacteria that attack the fish. The research results showed that the chemical compositions of Sterculia sp. leaves are carbohydrates, protein, water, ash and fat. The main amino acid contents of woton (Sterculia sp.) leaves are L-Arginine, L-Valine, L-Proline, L-Alanine. Bacterial Test Results showed that woton (Sterculia sp.) leaves extract has intermediate inhibition response against V. algynoliticus. It has been concluded that Sterculia sp. leaves have the potential chemical content.
When Mental Walls Lead to Physical Walls: The US-Mexico Border Wall, Art, and Public Conversations about the Social Responsibility of Engineering
Authors: Macias Madison May , Pohorily Peter , Morales Guerrero Jorge , Karwat Darshan M.A. 
Published: March 2020

The fact that engineering is involved in highly political issues—from climate change caused by fossil fuel extraction to how we understand truth itself because of deepfakes—makes it imperative that we find new ways to highlight the crucial role that engineers and engineering play in shaping society, and new ways to hold engineers and engineering accountable. We have designed, built, and installed an interactive art installation called When Mental Walls Lead to Physical Walls to generate public conversation about the social responsibility of engineers and engineering, using the US-Mexico border wall as a case study. We find that the politically charged nature of the topic might make it difficult for attendees to speak directly to ideas of social responsibility. At the same time, the installation provides opportunities for attendees to question, critique, and reflect on the effectiveness and impacts of the design of the border wall and the motivations engineers might have in working on this project. With proper planning and execution, the installation can be used as a research tool to understand how diverse audiences—from engineering students to those who may not have any experience in engineering—understand the role of engineering in society.
Sticks, Stones, and the Secular Bones of Indian Democracy
Authors: Haines Monamie Bhadra , Sarkar Sreela 
Published: March 2020

While being inspired by the compelling social protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act and National Register of Citizens in India, the authors of this critical engagement argue that now, more than ever, is time to reflect on the nature of secularism that is being invoked by nonviolent protesters. What can a focus on lathi-wielding and stone-throwing, all low technologies of governance, tell us about the practices and challenges of liberal democracy in India? This piece excavates a brief history of the lathi and stone-pelting to show what kinds of "illiberal" protests are deemed aesthetically pleasing and palatable to elites in India and abroad, which ones are not, and the dangers of this kind of exclusion with respect to new forms of Islamophobia.
El legado oculto de Antonio Machado a la generación de poetas del medio siglo
Authors: De Ros Xon 
Published: March 2020

Resumen: Los estudios dedicados a investigar la ascendencia de Antonio Machado en la generación poética del 50 han resaltado la crítica social y la reflexión metafísica como rasgos comunes en ambos. Este artículo se propone explorar el componente erótico, un aspecto poco estudiado en la poesía de Machado a pesar de la relevancia que tiene en la obra de sus apócrifos, examinando uno de los poemas tempranos de «Galerías» a la luz de su lectura por parte de Jaime Gil de Biedma. El análisis de las estrategias que generan el potencial erótico del poema machadiano, a través de enfoques proporcionados por teorías y poéticas del erotismo elaboradas por autores como George Bataille, Roland Barthes, Octavio Paz y Anne Carson, entre otros, revela una estructura de ecos y resonancias poéticas que evocan una figura mediadora del deseo. La reacción de Gil de Biedma sugiere una sensibilidad receptiva a esta veta del legado de Machado. Palabras clave: Erotismo; Antonio Machado; Charles Baudelaire; Jaime Gil de Biedma; poetas del 50; tradición poética; Michel Foucault; Georges Bataille; Anne Carson; Octavio Paz; triángulo erótico; mediador del deseo; eco poético.Abstract: Researchers working on the influence of Antonio Machado on the Spanish mid-1950s generation of poets have highlighted social critique and metaphysical reflexivity as common features in both. Prompted by Jaime Gil de Biedma’s reading of one of Machado’s earlier poems from the series ‘Galerías’, this essay explores the erotic component in the poem, an element under-researched in Machado’s poetry despite its relevance to the writings of his apocryphals. Drawing on theories of eroticism proposed, among others, by Georges Bataille, Octavio Paz, Roland Barthes and Anne Carson, an analysis of the textual strategies that generate the erotic potential in Machado’s poem reveals a network of echoes and poetic resonances which conjure up the figure of a mediator of desire. Gil de Biedma’s reading suggests a sensibility receptive to this strand of Machado’s legacy. Key words: Eroticism; Antonio Machado; Charles Baudelaire; Jaime Gil de Biedma; poets of 1950; poetic tradition; Michel Foucault; Georges Bataille; Anne Carson; Octavio Paz; erotic triangle; mediator of desire; poetic echo.
High-Accuracy Discrimination of Blasts and Earthquakes Using Neural Networks With Multiwindow Spectral Data
Authors: Miao Fajun , Carpenter N. Seth , Wang Zhenming , Holcomb Andrew S. , Woolery Edward W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe manual separation of natural earthquakes from mine blasts in data sets recorded by local or regional seismic networks can be a labor-intensive process. An artificial neural network (ANN) applied to automate discriminating earthquakes from quarry and mining blasts in eastern Kentucky suggests that the analyst effort in this task can be significantly reduced. Based on a dataset of 152 local and regional earthquake and 4192 blast recordings over a three-year period in and around eastern Kentucky, ANNs of different configurations were trained and tested on amplitude spectra parameters. The parameters were extracted from different time windows of three-component broadband seismograms to learn the general characteristics of analyst-classified regional earthquake and blast signals.There was little variation in the accuracies and precisions of various models and ANN configurations. The best result used a network with two hidden layers of 256 neurons, trained on an input set of 132 spectral amplitudes and extracted from the P-wave time window and three overlapping time windows from the global maximum amplitude on all three components through the coda. For this configuration and input feature set, 97% of all recordings were accurately classified by our trained model. Furthermore, 96.7% of earthquakes in our data set were correctly classified with mean-event probabilities greater than 0.7. Almost all blasts (98.2%) were correctly classified by mean-event probabilities of at least 0.7. Our technique should greatly reduce the time required for manual inspection of blast recordings. Additionally, our technique circumvents the need for an analyst, or automatic locator, to locate the event ahead of time, a task that is difficult due to the emergent nature of P-wave arrivals induced by delay-fire mine blasts.
Aetiologies of Hyperprolactinaemia: A retrospective analysis from a tertiary healthcare centre
Authors: Malik Azhar A. , Aziz Faisal , Beshyah Salem A. , Aldahmani Khaled M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the aetiologies of hyperprolactinaemia in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This retrospective study used laboratory databases to identify all patients who underwent evaluation for prolactin at Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE, between 2009 and 2015. Of those 2,280 patients, all patients with low or normal prolactin (n = 1,315) were excluded. Subsequently, charts of the remaining patients (n= 965) with hyperprolactinaemia were reviewed and those with incomplete work-ups or insufficient documentation of the hyperprolactinaemia’s aetiology were excluded (n = 458). Results: A total of 507 patients were included in the study. The average age at prolactin evaluation was 36 ± 13.2 years and the majority (67.1%) of patients were female. The most common reasons for requesting prolactin were menstrual disorders (29.5%), infertility (18%),evaluation of sellar masses (14.3%), ruling out seizures (13.4 %) and monitoring while on psychiatric medications (8.7%). The most common causes of hyperprolactinaemia were prolactinoma (17%), transient hyperprolactinaemia(14.6%), drug-induced side effects (14.4%), polycystic ovarian syndrome (11.8%) and seizure disorder (7.7%). In females, common aetiologies were prolactinomas, transient and idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia, while sellar masses, seizures, chronic kidney disease and acute illnesses were common aetiologies of hyperprolactinaemia in males. The prolactin level varied between the different aetiologies and a level of >250 ng/mL was suggestive of macroprolactinoma. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with hyperprolactinaemia have transient hyperprolactinaemia. Before further investigations are carried out, prolactin level assessment should be repeated, especially in patients with mild hyperprolactinaemia.Keywords: Hyperprolactinemia; Prolactinoma; Etiology; Epidemiology; United Arab Emirates.
Evaluating the Quality of Multiple Choice Question in Paediatric Dentistry Postgraduate Examinations
Authors: Kowash Mawlood , Hussein Iyad , Al Halabi Manal 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of multiple choice question (MCQ) items in two postgraduate paediatric dentistry (PD) examinations by determining item writing flaws (IWFs), difficulty index (DI)and cognitive level. Methods: This study was conducted at Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE. Virtual platform-based summative versions of the general paediatric medicine (GPM) and prevention of oral diseases (POD) examinations administered during the second semester of the 2017–2018 academic year were used. Two PD faculty members independently reviewed each question to assess IWFs, DI and cognitive level. Results: A total of 185 single best answer MCQs with 4–5 options were analysed. Most of the questions (81%) required information recall, with the remainder (19%) requiring higher levels of thinking and data explanation. The most common errors among IWFs were the use of “except” or “not” in the lead-in, tricky or unfocussed stems and opportunities for students to use convergence strategies. There were more IWFs in the GPM than the POD examination, but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.105). The MCQs in the GPM and POD examination were considered easy since the mean DIs (89.1% ± 8.9% and 76.5% ± 7.9%, respectively) were more than 70%. Conclusion: Training is an essential element of adequate MCQ writing. A general comprehensive review of all programme’s MCQs is needed to emphasise the importance of avoiding IWFs. A faculty development programme is recommended to improve question-writing skills in order to align examinations with programme learning outcomes and enhance the ability to measure student competency through questions requiring higher level thinking. Keywords: Examination Question; Student; Educational Measurement; Discriminant Analysis; Pediatric Dentistry; United Arab Emirates.
Patients’ Perceptions of Communication and Clinical Skills of Primary Healthcare Physicians in Oman
Authors: Al-Kindi Nuha , Al-Waili Sara , Jaju Sanjay , Al Mahrezi Abdulaziz M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT: Objectives: As a large proportion of patients are seen in primary healthcare (PHC) centres, it is important to explore patients’ perceptions of communication and clinical skills of PHC physicians. In Oman, PHC is provided by both trained family physicians (FPs) and general practitioners (GPs). Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted at 12 PHC centres in Muscat Governorate, Oman between November 2014 and August 2015. Adult Omani patients’ perceptions of Omani and other Arabic-speaking doctors were examined using an Arabic translation of a validated self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 626 patients completed the questionnaire (response rate: 100%). The patients’ responses were significantly more positive towards FPs compared to GPs on whether the doctor provided reassurance (P = 0.03), took a complete medical history (P = 0.03) and gave the patient the opportunity of a follow-up with the same doctor (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Certain skills in communication and clinical aspects of FPs were favourably viewed by patients compared to GPs.Keywords: Patient Satisfaction; Physicians, Primary Health Care; Communication; Clinical Competence; Quality of Health Care; Oman.
Fibrin scaffolds containing dental pulp stem cells for the repair of periodontal bone defects
Authors: Dombrovskaya Yu. A. , Enukashvily N. I. , Kotova A. V. , Bilyk S. S. , Kovalenko A. N. , Silin A. V. 
Published: March 2020

Background. 3D scaffolds plays an important role in developing new approaches in modern dentistry. They are used to establish optimal conditions for cell differentiation, vascularization and remodeling of regenerating bone tissue.Objective. Evaluation of the possibility of creating scaffolds developed on the basis of 3D modeling of periodontal bone defects and containing tooth pulp stem cells.Materials and Methods. The computer tomography data of the maxillar bone tissue defect were analysed. Anatomical prototype — a mold representing defects of the vestibular and palatal fragments of bone tissue was created by 3D printing. This 3D form was filled with fibrin glue and dental pulp stem cells. The fibrin glue was prepared from autologous blood plasma and mixed with dental pulp stem cells.Results. Fibrin glue prepared from an autologous plasma concentrate (fibrinogen 20 g/l) retains its shape for 4 days. On the day 5, the clot retraction became clearly visible and on the day 7, the clot diameter decreased to 50 % of the original size. The proliferation rate of cells, grown both inside the scaffold and in 2D conditions, did not differ. The immunophenotype of cells of both groups corresponded to the immunophenotype of mesenchy mal stromal cells. The mesenchymal immunophenotype is a feature of dental stem cells. Alizarin red staining of cells both grown on adhesive culture plastic and extracted from glue on day 10 after the induction of osteogenic differentiation did not differ.Conclusion. The fibrin glue is a good material for creation a scaffold with suitable mechanical characteristics. The cells enclosed in the fibrin glue maintain their viability, immunophenotype and osteogenic potential. This technology can be used for bone tissue repair in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.
Urban Food Crop Farming and Farm Households’ Food Security Status in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye David Tobi , Obayelu Abiodun Elijah , Ogunmola Omotoso Oluseye 
Published: March 2020

Food production and supply has been on the decline in Nigeria with a consequent impact on household food security. This study examined the influence of urban farming on household food security in Oyo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 159 farm households in a cross-sectional survey. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-economic characteristics, determine the food security status of urban crop farming households in the study area, and examine the effects of urban crop production on households’ food security status. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics while the statistical tools were Food Security Index (FSI) and Probit Regression Model (PRM). Results revealed that 84.9% of the respondents was male, 81.2% married. The average age, household size, and farm size were 49.6 years, 6 persons, 1.1 hectares respectively. Most (75.5%) of the respondents did not have access to consumption credit and 62.3% did not belong to any farmers association. Based on minimum daily energy requirement per adult equivalent of N230.8, 90.6% of the farm households was food secure.
The PRM showed that age (β = -0.1, p<0.05), household size (β= -0.4, p<0.01) and economic efficiency (β = -61.6, p<0.05) reduced the probability of household food security while access to consumption credit (β= 1.7, p<0.05) and allocative efficiency (β = 67.9, p<0.05) increased the probability of household food security. The study concluded that urban farming significantly influence household food security.
JEL Classification: Q11