bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review on Current Progressions in Combating The Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Bharatlal Sain  , Manohar M  , Gowda D V  
Published: April 2020

Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effect of antibiotics. It has become the most important cause of concern throughout the world. AMR may develop a variety of mechanisms, including resistance, weakness or due to a certain therapeutic failure. The three major causes of resistance were identified to be over usage of anti-microbials, over-prescription, increased agricultural usage. The mechanism which leads to the development of AMR were found to be Metabolic Inactive Persister cells biofilm formation, Swarming, Obligate intracellular microbes, Reduced uptake and efflux pumps, Modification of the antibiotic binding site, Production of competitive inhibitors. Research is still being carried out and few methods successfully delay or inhibit the progress of Resistance namely: Photodynamic therapy, which works on the principle of photosensitization, results in formation of ROS which destroy pathogenic cells, Vaccines, which strengthen the defence system to fight against foreign microorganisms efficiently, Antibiotic adjuvants, work by inhibiting any kind of mechanism related to the resistance increasing the drug’s antibacterial efficiency, Nano antibiotics which acts by interfering with the mechanisms for the development of the resistance and microfluidics give a better understanding of the bacteria and its superior antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Hence, in this review the above mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance as well the latest AMR combating strategies are been discussed.
Assessment of Quinone Enriched Fraction in Nigella sativa Seed Extracts
Authors: Durga B  , Durga B  , Dass  Prakash M V  , Julius A  
Published: April 2020

In recent days, the thirst for the identification of the potential bioactive compounds from the natural sources like medicinal plants is on continuous demand. Among scientists and academicians, it has created many interdisciplinary platforms for research in establishing new drugs from the natural sources. According to many recent studies, Nigella sativa is believed to be the rich source of quinone, an effective bioactive compound with lots of medicinal values. The purpose of this study was to isolate and estimate the quinone in Nigella sativa seed extracts (aqueous and ethanol). Based on the qualitative and quantitative determination, the extracts were further focused for isolation of quinone from both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Nigella sativa. The isolated compound is identified by thin layer chromatography and purity is analyzed in High performance liquid chromatography. From the results we obtained, it was very clear that among the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Nigella sativa, the ethanolic extract has been found with the highest quantity of quinine. This would be predicting that the ethanol extract of Nigella sativa may have good efficacy of pharmacological and therapeutic potentials like antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory properties when compared with the aqueous extract due to the presence of more quinone.
We Faithful Few
Authors: Williamson Adam 
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on the Jesuit missions into Elizabethan England and the Jesuit relationship with the Catholic gentry and why the gentry were crucial to Jesuit mission’s survival. This is done by looking at the various ways that the gentry class were involved with and supported the Jesuit’s efforts. Gentry homes were an important aspect of gentry support because of their multi-purpose functions in hiding the priests from state authorities, their ideal place for planning operations and for holding mass because of their hidden countryside location. The gentry class were also personally involved, aiding the Jesuits through their actions as escorts as well as running illegal printing presses and distributing catholic propaganda around England. They also served as a vital connection for the Jesuits to the laymen people and resulted in the development of local catholic communities structured around the gentry class which supported the Jesuit of goal of sustaining Catholic communities. While this shows how the gentry were important to the Jesuits, it also demonstrates how the Jesuit’s became increasingly reliant on the gentry class which opens up additional avenues of research into how their relationship evolved during the reign of King James I.
Upper Canada Preserved
Authors: Ewen Nathan 
Published: April 2020

Following the end of the War of 1812, there was a conscious effort on the part of prominent Upper Canadians to immortalize the deeds and contributions of the Canadian Militia. Hugely overstating their meagre efforts, these figures claimed the lions share of victory for the citizen soldiers, ignoring the far more meaningful and significant effect that British redcoats and Indigenous warriors had in defeating the Americans. By creating this myth these prominent men, many of whom served in the militia, sought to enrich and entrench their positions in Upper Canadian society. Additionally, this Militia Myth helped form a new sense of Canadian identity (a specifically British version of it), that would be crucial in fostering a new nationalism that would emerge in mid-19th century Upper Canada.
Ensino por investigação e aproximações com a aprendizagem baseada em problemas
Authors: Zompero Andreia de Freitas , Andrade Mariana Aparecida Bologna Soares de , Mastelari Tânia Belizario , Vagula Edilaine 
Published: April 2020

O avanço da tecnologia e a utilização de novas ferramentas digitais gerou um impacto nas instituições de ensino, possibilitando revisões em práticas educativas tradicionais. A presente pesquisa constitui-se em um estudo qualitativo de revisão bibliográfica, com o objetivo de discutir e esclarecer os pontos de convergência que apresentam a perspectiva do ensino por investigação e a Aprendizagem baseada em Problemas, e assim, contribuir com a prática pedagógica de educadores. Concluímos que ambas apresentam fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos comuns, que buscam fomentar o pensamento autônomo por parte de alunos e professores, visando uma aprendizagem efetiva e aprimoramento do espírito de investigação.
نماذج من الأساليب النبوية وعلاقتها بالأساليب التدريسية المعاصرة
Authors: Ghanem Ibtissem 
Published: April 2020

The current research paper aims to identify the Prophet’s Mouhamed (PBHU) characteristics and styles and its relation into contemporary teaching methods by mentioning examples from his Prophetic Tradition (Sunnah) .The study was limited to the Prophet's Mouhamed methods in the field of education as: problem solving, conceptual maps and brainstorming. One of the findings said that the Prophet Mouhamed (PBUH) drew the basic principles of contemporary teaching methods, and his Prophetic Tradition is rich with different teaching methods which consequently should be used for identifying and applying other methods in the field of education.
أثر استيعاب القواعد النحوية والمفردات على قدرة الترجمة لدى طلبة الجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية قدس
Authors: Annas Azwar 
Published: April 2020

This study sought to determine the influence of grammar and vocabularies mastery on the students ability of translate in the Kudus Islamic University. The approach articles used in this study is a quantitative approach because researchers wanted to test the hypothesis that shaped assosiative hypothesis (is the hypothesis that asks a relationship between two or more variables). This approach is said to be a quantitative approach because the existing data in the form of numbers and statistics used in analyzing it. Meanwhile, the method used is research Correlation, because the correlation study researchers wanted to uncover the relationship of variations in the correlation coefficient. The results of this research are: 1) the effect of gramatikan mastery to capability students of translate in the Kudus Islamic University as 0.4925 rhitung score greater than 0.317 rtabel. This shows a significant correlation while the coefficient of determination between X1 and Y of 24.25303%. 2) the effect of vocabulary mastery to capability students of translate in the Kudus Islamic University as a score of 0.605 rhitung greater than 0.317 rtabel. This shows a significant relationship coefficient of determination between X2 and Y amounted to 36.62499%, 3) The calculation Ry.X1X2 0.589, ryx1 0.492 and 0.605 ryx2 greater than 0.317 rtabel. This shows that there is a relationship multi positive correlation between mastery of vocabulary and grammatical to capability students of translate in the Kudus Islamic University and acceptance of the hypothesis.
A systematic review protocol on the epidemiology of zinc deficiency and associated factors during pregnancy in Africa
Authors: Endalifer Melese L , Azeze Getnet G , Diress Gedefaw , Bizuneh Asmamaw D , Demelash Hanna 
Published: April 2020

Background Zinc is a trace element which acts as a coenzyme for 200 enzymes. Zinc deficiency has highly correlated with infant morbidity and mortality. Even though zinc deficiency is an emergent public health problem, determinants and magnitude is not well studied in Africa. This study will estimate the pooled prevalence of zinc deficiency in Africa and to identify associated factors for zinc deficiency among pregnant women. Methods and analysis We will use the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library. Funnel plot and Egger’s regression test will be conducted to check potential publication bias. Heterogeneity among the studies will be tested using Higgins method where I2 statistics will be calculated and compared with the standard. Meta regression and sub group analysis will be conducted to identify potential source of heterogeneity. We will include observational studies including case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. The current review will delimit to studies conducted in Africa and published in English language. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval and consent are not required. After completing the review, the paper will be submitted to a reputable peer reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019119449.
Individual morphostructural components of yield in black currant cultivars
Authors: Tikhonova O. A. 
Published: April 2020

Background. The size of the fruit, its external attractiveness, along with other important characteristics of a variety, have always been important, especially for amateur gardening. Therefore, new cultivars replenishing the gene pool of black currant preserved by VIR, in addition to their main biological and economic characteristics (flowering and fruiting biology features, resistance to abiotic and biotic environmental factors), undergo mandatory testing for the quality of yield. The aim of this study was to assess individual morphostructural yield components in new cultivars added to the black currant collection of VIR.Materials and methods. The mechanical composition of berries and bunches was analyzed at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR in 2013–2015. Forty-one black currant cultivars of various ecogeographic origin were the material for the research. Cv. ‘Peterburzhenka’, listed in the State Register of Breeding Achievements for the Northwestern region of Russia, served as the reference. The research was conducted by conventional methods. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results and conclusions. Studying individual morphostructural components of yield made it possible to identify cultivars with the largest berries, the most stable fruit weight, and bunches containing 8–9 plump berries. The cultivars with the best combinations of the studied characteristics, suitable for large-scale cultivation and amateur gardening in the Northwest of Russia, are ‘Garmoniya’ (k-40677), ‘Kriviai’ (k-42517), ‘Ben Sarek’ (k-41435), ‘Joninai’ (k-43124), ‘Zhuravushka’ (k-40681), and ‘Shalynya’ (k-41988). Correlations between separate morphostructural yield components were identified, such as: fruit weight – fruit diameter (r = 0.92); fruit weight – number of seeds (r = 0.74); bunch length – number of flowers per bunch (r = 0.65), bunch length – number of berries per bunch (r = 0.52).
Polymorphism of monogenic scab resistance loci in apple varieties
Authors: Lyzhin A. S. , Savel’eva N. N. 
Published: April 2020

Background. Monogenic scab resistance is an important trait of apple, useful to plant breeders. DNA markers provide a possibility to differentiate apple cultivars according to individual resistance determinants with high reliability and identify promising genotypes. The present study shows the results of the molecular genetic analysis of apple varieties, targeted at the Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6 and Rvi8 monogenic scab resistance loci.Materials and methods. Biological material was represented by apple cultivars of different environmental and geographical origin. Total genomic DNA was extracted from fresh leaves using CTAB methods according to the DArT protocols. The Rvi6 gene was identified with two markers, VfC (STS) and AL07 (SCAR). The presence of the Rvi4 gene was detected with the multiallelic SCAR marker AD13. The Rvi2 and Rvi8 genes were diagnosed with the SCAR marker OPL19.Results and conclusion. The Rvi6 gene was identified in 54.4% of genotypes, of which 91.9% were heterozygous, and 8.1% (cvs. ‘Svezhest’, ‘Freedom’ and ‘GoldRush’) homozygous dominant for this locus. The marker AD13-SCAR was detected in 25.0% of the studied forms (the putative genotype for the resistance gene is Rvi4Rvi4 or Rvi4rvi4). The marker OPL19-SCAR (Rvi2 and Rvi8 genes) was present in 73.5% of the analyzed forms. At least one of the studied molecular markers was present in the genome of 86.8% of genotypes. The appletree cultivars ‘Kandil Orlovsky’, ‘Krasulya’, ‘Sozvezdiye’, ‘Galarina’, ‘Priam’, ‘Redfree’ and ‘Witos’ are characterized by the combination of markers VfC, AL07-SCAR, AD13-SCAR and OPL19-SCAR in one genotype (the putative genotype for the resistance genes is Rvi2(Rvi8)Rvi4Rvi6rvi6). Cvs. ‘Antonovka zimnyaya’, ‘Antonovka krasnaya’, ‘Berkutovskoye’, ‘Geyzer’, ‘Pamyati Nesterova’, ‘Renet Simirenko’, ‘Terentyevka’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Telemon’ presumably have a homozygous recessive genotype for the studied resistance loci.
Passage through phenophases by milkvetches introduced into the environments of the Kulunda Steppe
Authors: Kornievskaya T. V. 
Published: April 2020

Background. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the study of plant phenology in the context of the global climate change. By now, the question of how climate factors affect the phenophases of plants has not yet been fully investigated. Accurate forecasts for biological responses of plant species to climate change require profound understanding of the impact produced by meteorological factors on plant phenology.Materials and methods. The research was targeted at Astragalus L. spp. introduced into the dry steppe areas of the Kulunda Plain. Meteorological indicators were selected for agrometeorological description of the plant introduction site to assess its hydrothermal conditions. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify the level of correlations between the studied parameters.Results. High air temperature shortened the growing season of Astragalus cicer L., but lengthened its flowering and fruiting phases. An increase in relative air humidity shortened the flowering in A. cicer. Meteorological indicators did not significantly affect the duration of the phenophases in A. sulcatus L. For A. onobrychis L., an increase in the average relative humidity reduced the budding phase, while an increase in the average and maximum air temperature and an increase in the amount of precipitation increased the flowering period. A decrease in air temperature and average relative humidity, and an increase in the total precipitation lengthened the duration of fruiting in A. onobrychis. Increased average temperature and humidity reduced its fruiting phase.Conclusion. A. sulcatus is tolerant to the dry steppe environments. The phenophases of A. cicer and A. onobrychis are more responsive to changes in meteorological indicators. In A. onobrychis, the fruiting phase is susceptible to the combined impact of climate factors. The limiting factors for A. cicer are relative humidity, total precipitation and mean temperature during the growing season.
PERCEPÇÕES E SENTIMENTOS DE ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO EM RELAÇÃO À MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Soares Gabriel De Oliveira , Vargas Andressa Franco , Leivas José Carlos Pinto 
Published: April 2020

Levando em consideração a influência do domínio afetivo no aprender e, em especial, no aprender matemática, desenvolveu-se esse estudo que teve por objetivo investigar percepções e sentimentos de alunos do Ensino Médio em relação à matemática expressas por uma turma desse nível de escolaridade de uma instituição pública de um município da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tal, aplicou-se um questionário estruturado, composto por quatro questões, a vinte e oito estudantes concluintes dessa etapa da Educação Básica. As questões propostas relacionaram um possível caráter excludente da disciplina, as experiências pessoais a partir de metáforas e os sentimentos relativos ao conteúdo baseado em um desenho. Após a coleta dos dados, esses foram analisados tendo em vista uma abordagem interpretativo-descritiva, na qual foram compostas categorias à posteriori. Os resultados evidenciaram que saber matemática, na percepção dos estudantes, se relaciona principalmente às aplicações de conceitos matemáticos em atividades cotidianas. Mostraram também que em se tratando de experiências passadas, os alunos evidenciaram metáforas bastante negativas à essa disciplina, comparando-a majoritariamente a animais com características de causarem medo ou desconforto. Por fim, ao serem solicitados a desenharem como se sentiam em relação ao componente curricular em questão, os alunos apresentaram imagens com sentimentos ruins em sua maioria, destacando-se as intersecções entre visões boas e más dessa disciplina. Dessa forma, conclui-se que, ao conhecer essas percepções e sentimentos em relação à matemática dos estudantes, os professores podem elaborar estratégias buscando romper com uma visão negativa perante a disciplina, além de buscar melhorar a aprendizagem dos mesmos.
FEATURES OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A FLAT POROUS MICROCHANNEL
Authors: Avramenko A.A. , Dmitrenko N.P. , Kovetska Yu.Yu. , Kondratieva E.A. 
Published: April 2020

A steady heat transfer process of mixed convection in a flat vertical porous microchannel is considered.
The results of simulation showed that Knudsen number effects are more significant in the neighborhood of the wall where growth of Knudsen numbers is accompanied with the velocity and temperature jumps on wall. With increasing parameter of porosity M (decreasing permeability), the flow velocity decreases and the velocity jump decrease as well.
For all combinations of the criteria Ra, Kn and M increasing Knudsen number reduces heat transfer intensity. This can be attributed to increasing temperature jump on wall which causes deterioration of thermal interaction between the fluid and the wall.
For low Rayleigh numbers increasing parameter M leads to increasing heat transfer since the temperature jump decrease on walls. For large Rayleigh numbers the trend becomes reversed, since for larger parameters M, the near-wall velocity decreases.
For low Rayleigh numbers increasing the Knudsen number leads to decreasing hydraulic resistance coefficient, but with increasing parameter M leads to increasing this coefficient. At high Ra numbers increasing Knudsen number leads to growth of hydraulic resistance, which is due to increasing velocity gradient on the wall.
EFFECT OF TURNING THE FLOW OF SECONDARY AIR IN THE BOILER'S BURNER SYSTEM ON THE THERMAL AND GAS DYNAMICS OF THE BOILER FIRING SPACE AND THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN THE ACTIVE COMBUSTION ZONE
Authors: Kobzar S.G. , Kovalenko A.V. , Khalatov A.A. 
Published: April 2020

The aim of the work is computer simulation of the formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion zone of the boiler of the CCI 312 with different twists of secondary air in the boiler burners. The organization of the vortex flow allows to reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides due to the formation of a return flow, which ballasts the combustion zone by oxidation products. The limitation of this technique is to reduce the combustion temperature, which can lead to underburning.
The objective of the study is to determine the formation of nitrogen oxides based on computer simulation of the thermogas dynamics of the firing space of the boiler Chamber of Commerce and Industry 312 DTEK Ladyzhinskaya TPP when burning gas coal using spinning blades in the secondary air channels of the burners.
The following variants of the secondary air flow in the burners were investigated: 1) without twisting the flow, both in the outer annular channels and in the internal channels of the burners (the variant is taken as the baseline for comparison); 2) 8 blades in the outer annular channels in their absence in the internal channels; 3) 24 blades in the outer annular channels in their absence in the internal channels; 4) 8 blades each, both in the outer annular canals and in the internal canals; 5) 24 blades, both in the outer annular canals, and in the internal canals.
With an increase in the number of blades, the pressure drop increased, which was necessary to overcome their resistance. The greatest effectiveness of the use of turbulent blades is observed in the range of their total number from 8 to 16.
The expression for the relative change of the amount of nitrogen oxide emissions and the fan power required to overcome the resistance of turbine blades was obtained.