bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sporadic utilization of ITN among households with under-five HIV positive children
Authors: Ounah David Ayah , Mumma Jane , Loum Constantine , Amuti Susan , Ogolla Jared , Kikuvi Gideon , Mativo Nzioki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Children under-five are most vulnerable and bear the adverse effects of Malaria worldwide. In Kenya, 20% of all deaths in children are due to malaria, and 88.9% of all deaths among HIV positive children are malaria related. Correct and consistence ITN utilization is proven to protect against anopheles mosquito bites hence Malaria, however, despite free distribution of ITN to the study population and civic education on proper ITN use, the prevalence of Malaria is still high in this cohort. Therefore, there was an indelible need to establish the levels of household ITN ownership and utilization vis-à-vis demographic characteristics of participants and Malaria attacks among households with HIV positive children in Kimilili. Method: This was a community based study conducted between March and August, 2016 through a cross-sectional survey. The under-five children were recruited randomly at the comprehensive care centre in Kimilili Sub-County Referral Hospital and studied at their households; they were consented through their parents/caretakers. Data on demographic variables, ITN usage and Malaria attacks were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists, percentages and chi square. Results: The ownership of ITN among the 222 study participants was 98%. The study established that there was poor (88.7%) household utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets. we further established that among poor ITN users, malaria attacks were high – 65.3%. Conclusion: Utilization of ITN at household level was poor; to the extent that it could not contribute to reduction of malaria associated morbidity and mortality. Efforts should be targeted at households to ensure correct utilization of ITN
Comparing the accuracy of three diagnostic criteria and a refined pathological scoring system in drug-induced liver injury: From suspected to definite
Authors: Liu Yiqi , Li Ping , Wang Fangfang , Liu Liang , Zhang Yilian , Liu Yonggang , Shi Ruifang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Drug-induced liver injury(DILI) is difficult in diagnose, criteria used now are mostly based on history review. We tried to evaluate the value of these criteria and histopathology features in DILI to perform a method diagnosing DILI more definitely.Methods We enrolled 458 consecutive hospitalized DILI patients from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2018, using Roussel-Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM), Maria&Victorino scale (M&V) and Digestive Disease Week-Japan criterion(DDW-J) to perform the evaluation. A refined pathological scale was calculated and combined with those criteria using logistic regression analysis. Area under receiver operating characteristics(AUROC) were used to estimate diagnostic accuracy.Results The AUROC of the three clinical diagnostic criteria were 0.730 (95%CI:0.667-0.793), 0.793(95%CI:0.740-0.847) and 0.764(95%CI:0.702-0.826) respectively. The AUROC of the refined pathological scale combined with the three criteria were 0.843(95%CI:0.747-0.914), 0.907(95%CI:0.822-0.960) and 0.881(95%CI:0.790-0.942) respectively. In hepatocellular type, the AUROCs were 0.894(95%CI:0.787-0.959), 0.960(95%CI:0.857-0.994) and 0.940(95%CI:0.847-0.985); In cholestatic type, the AUROCs were 0.750(95%CI:0.466-0.931), 0.500(95%CI:0.239-0.761) and 0.500(95%CI:0.239-0.761); In mixed type, the AUROCs were 0.786(95%CI: 0.524-0.943), 0.869(95%CI:0.619-0.981) and 0.762(95%CI: 0.498 -0.930).Conclusion Combined with pathological scale can significantly improve the accuracy of clinical diagnostic criteria, no matter in alone or combined condition, M&V might be more accurate in diagnosing DILI from suspected patients.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves neurological function after cerebral ischemia in rats by increasing CREB-regulated TrkB via activation of cAMP/PKA and Ca2+/CaMKIV signaling pathways
Authors: Chang Lisha , An Zhaowang , Zhang Jiang , Zhou Fuling , Wang Dali , Liu Jian , Zhang Yunhe 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Cerebral ischemia is the most prevalent form of clinical stroke. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can modulate excitability of the cerebral cortex, and this effect is maintained after the stimulation is terminated. However, the underlying mechanisms of rTMS in cerebral ischemia remain unclear. Methods: Herein, we identified the effect of rTMS on cerebral ischemia and further explored the underlying mechanisms. An in vitro model was established using primary cultured neurons under conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), followed by 1 Hz or 10 Hz rTMS treatment. The levels of CREB, PKA and CaMKIV were depleted in neurons to explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms of TrkB by rTMS via CREB. A rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the rats were treated with 1 Hz or 10 Hz rTMS to investigate the effect of rTMS on neurobehavior, CREB expression, and cAMP/PKA and Ca 2+ /CaMKIV pathways. Results: rTMS was observed to promote nerve recovery ability in rats with cerebral ischemia, which was accompanied by high expression of TrkB. In OGD-treated neurons, rTMS activated CREB by upregulating cAMP/PKA and Ca 2+ /CaMKIV pathways. Moreover, rTMS induced the activation of CREB to upregulate TrkB. In MCAO rats, rTMS increased the CREB expression, enhanced cAMP, PKA and CaMKIV phosphorylation, and promoted the binding of CREB to TrkB. Conclusions: Taken together, rTMS upregulated CREB and TrkB to improve neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemia by activating cAMP/PKA and Ca 2+ /CaMKIV pathways, which could be of great significance for cerebral ischemia therapy.
Isolated puborectalis muscle contraction is a common cause of dyssynergic defecation in constipated adolescents and adults with anorectal malformations
Authors: Bjørsum-Meyer Thomas , Christensen Peter , Baatrup Gunnar , Jakobsen Marianne Skytte , Asmussen Jon , Qvist Niels 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background We aimed to evaluate the etiologies of constipation in adolescents and adult patients with anorectal malformations with colon transit time and high resolution anorectal manometry Methods We included twenty-five patients from the Odense university hospital in Denmark. Written and verbal informed consent was obtained. Patients were subjected to colon transit time examination and high resolution anorectal manometry. Presence of constipation was diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria. Questionnaires regarding functional bowel outcome and severity of constipation were filled in. Results The median age was 18(14-24) and 48% (12/25) were females. Fifty-two % (13/25) of patients were diagnosed with constipation. Most frequent type of anorectal malformation was anocutaneous fistula (9/25), vestibular fistula (8/25) and urethral bulbar fistula (4/25). No difference in neither total colon transit time nor segmental colon transit times were found based on the presence of constipation. Constipated patients and patients without constipation were equal on manometric parameters. Only four of the constipated patients fulfilled criteria for dyssynergic defecation with dyssynergic defecation pattern and prolonged colon transit time. A Type I dyssynergic pattern was dominant in constipated patients as it was detected in 54% (7/13). Dyssynergic defecation pattern was due to isolated contraction of puborectalis muscle in 69% (9/13) of constipated patients. Conclusions We found a dyssynergic defecation pattern during attempted defecation in patients with anorectal malformations disregarded the presence of constipation. In the majority of constipated patients an isolated contraction of the puborectalis muscle was visualized with high resolution anorectal manometry. Trial registration: Clinical.Trials.gov. (NCT02624232).
Iterative Adaptation of a Maternal Nutrition Videos mHealth Intervention Across Countries Using Human-Centered Design: Qualitative Study
Authors: Isler Jasmin , Sawadogo N Hélène , Harling Guy , Bärnighausen Till , Adam Maya , Kagoné Moubassira , Sié Ali , Greuel Merlin , McMahon Shannon A 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundMobile health (mHealth) video interventions are often transferred across settings. Although the outcomes of these transferred interventions are frequently published, the process of adapting such videos is less described, particularly within and across lower-income contexts. This study fills a gap in the literature by outlining experiences and priorities adapting a suite of South African maternal nutrition videos to the context of rural Burkina Faso.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the key components in adapting a suite of maternal nutrition mHealth videos across settings.MethodsGuided by the principles of human-centered design, this qualitative study included 10 focus group discussions, 30 in-depth interviews, and 30 observations. We first used focus group discussions to capture insights on local nutrition and impressions of the original (South African) videos. After making rapid adjustments based on these focus group discussions, we used additional methods (focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations) to identify challenges, essential video refinements, and preferences in terms of content delivery. All data were collected in French or Dioula, recorded, transcribed, and translated as necessary into French before being thematically coded by two authors.ResultsWe propose a 3-pronged Video Adaptation Framework that places the aim of video adaptation at the center of a triangle framed by end recipients, health workers, and the environment. End recipients (here, pregnant or lactating mothers) directed us to (1) align the appearance, priorities, and practices of the video’s protagonist to those of Burkinabe women; (2) be mindful of local realities whether economic, health-related, or educational; and (3) identify and routinely reiterate key points throughout videos and via reminder cards. Health workers (here, Community Health Workers and Mentor Mothers delivering the videos) guided us to (1) improve technology training, (2) simplify language and images, and (3) increase the frequency of their engagements with end recipients. In terms of the environment, respondents guided us to localize climate, vegetation, diction, and how foods are depicted.ConclusionsDesign research provided valuable insights in terms of developing a framework for video adaptation across settings, which other interventionists and scholars can use to guide adaptations of similar interventions.
O ensino de sistema de numeração decimal instrumentalizado através de jogos por meio de percursos de estudo e pesquisa<br>The teaching decimal numbering system instrumentalized through games through study and research routes
Authors: Neves Anderson Souza , Farias Luiz Marcio Santos 
Published: November 2019

A noção de sistema de numeração decimal é fundamental para a aquisição de diversos conceitos matemáticos e os documentos nacionais e internacionais norteadores da educação destacam a importância da utilização desse saber para o ensino da matemática. Nessa perspectiva, percebemos que as dificuldades/obstáculos apresentados pelos estudantes, desde educação infantil, persistem até o ensino superior, impossibilitando a compreensão dos aspectos sobre sistema de numeração decimal. Nesse sentido, este projeto tem por objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento de Modelo epistemológico-didático de referência, por meio de Percurso de estudo e pesquisa para formação de professores sobre sistema de numeração decimal para o 5° ano do Ensino Fundamental I utilizando como recurso materiais concretos que passarão por (re)construções praxeológicas no intuito de potencializar este saber. Nesse ínterim, acreditamos ser possível identificar fenômenos didáticos, como o vazio didático, uma das incompletudes da atividade institucional no que tange a atividade docente. Para este trabalho utilizaremos a Teoria das Situações para a elaboração de situações que aproxime o professor e estudantes dessa saber, a Teoria da Antropologia Didática como suporte para a construção e análise de um Percurso de Estudo e a T4TEL para a investigação das praxeologias completas e suas variações nas situações. Esta proposta de investigação é de natureza qualitativa, numa perspectiva clínica, com observação direta e registros das praxeologias dos participantes.
Análise praxeológica das práticas de resolução de equações do primeiro grau<br>Pragmatic analysis of first-degree equation resolution practices
Authors: Almeida Maysa Leite , Guerra Renato Borges 
Published: November 2019

Neste trabalho apresentamos de forma sucinta os resultados de uma pesquisa de mestrado que teve como objeto o estudo da resolução de equações redutíveis à equação do primeiro grau, sob a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da TAD – Teoria Antropológica do Didático. Nessa investigação engendrou-se um Percurso de Estudo e Pesquisa (PEP), que nos levou ao encontro de quatro diferentes práticas de resolução de equações do primeiro grau em diferentes épocas. As análises dessas práticas foram realizadas pelo contraste com o Modelo Epistemológico de Referência (MER) adotado, construído para colocar em evidência as propriedades operatórias enquanto regras para resolver equações do primeiro grau. O MER foi construído utilizando as noções de anéis e corpos, mais especificamente, do corpo dos inteiros módulo . Resultados neste percurso nos apontam que as técnicas históricas estão mais próximas das propriedades operatórias e são preferíveis frente a algumas técnicas atuais.
Une enquête épistémologique sur les conceptions des futurs professeurs de mathématiques sur les obstacles sur la notion de limites<br>An epistemological survey of the conceptions of future mathematics teachers on barriers to the notion of boundaries
Authors: Doumbia Cheick Oumar , Almouloud Saddo Ag , Farias Luiz Marcio Santos 
Published: November 2019

Ce travail rend compte d’une enquête épistémologique auprès des futurs professeurs de mathématiques de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure de Bamako. Elle met en évidence entre la définition intuitive et la définition précise de la limite celle qui émerge et qui est la mieux utilisée par les étudiants après avoir suivi un cours sur la notion de limite, les conceptions des étudiants sur l’obstacle épistémologique la limite peut être atteinte ou non, l’écart entre la définition intuitive et la définition précise, les connaissances mobilisables pour appliquer la définition précise, la raison d’être de la définition précise et les limites de la définition intuitive en la mettant en confrontation avec la définition formelle. Pour s’y prendre, nous ferons une étude historico-épistémologique de la notion de limite pour mettre en évidence les obstacles liés à celle-ci, étudier l’efficacité de la définition précise dans le traitement de ces obstacles, d’autre part nous élaborerons un questionnaire adressé aux futurs professeurs de mathématiques que nous analyserons à la lumière de la théorie anthropologique de la didactique.
Variasi Tunggal Bahasa dalam Interaksi Penjual dan Pembeli di Kawasan Makam Sunan Muria
Authors: Widianto Eko , Fathurohman Irfai 
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) mendeskripsikan wujud variasi tunggal bahasa dalam interaksi penjual dan pembeli di kawasan makam Sunan Muria dan 2) mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi variasi tunggal bahasa dan alasan penjual serta pembeli menggunakan pilihan bahasa dalam dalam interaksi penjual dan pembeli di kawasan makam Sunan Muria. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode simak dilanjutkan menggunakan teknik simak bebas libat cakap, rekam, dan catat. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah penggalan tuturan penjual dan pembeli yang mengandung variasi tunggal bahasa. Adapun sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan antara penjual dan pembeli di kawasan makam Sunan Muria. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kartu data. Setelah itu, analisis data dilakukan dengan metode padan menggunakan teknik pilah unsur penentu dan teknik baca markah. Di samping itu, interpretasi data dilakukan dengan cara nonformal. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif sebagai pendekatan metodologis. Sementara itu, teori sosiolinguistik digunakan sebagai pendekatan teoretis.Kata Kunci: variasi tunggal bahasa, interaksi penjual dan pembeli, sunan muria.
Semantics Analysis of Slang (SAOS) in Social Media of Millennial Generation
Authors: Rezeki Tri Indah , Sagala Rakhmat Wahyudin 
Published: November 2019

Generation were born in every era eventually create their own language not least the latest generation commonly called the millennial generation. Specifically, the aim of our work broadens current knowledge of the phenomenon of Semantics Analysis of Slang (SAOS) in Social Media of Millennial Generation. This study investigated: 1) the types of SAOS used by millennial generation in social media; 2) how the meaning of SAOS used by millennial generation in social media; 3) why millennial generation used SAOS in social media. This study applied descriptive qualitative research in order to reveal the data from the discourse of English Department students at Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara in social media such as Facebook and Instagram and it was obtained from observation, interview and documentation. The data showed that millennial generation used slang language in their communication in social media namely 33 slang languages in Facebook and 31 slang languages in Instagram. These languages consisted of five types of slang; fresh and creative; flippant; imitative; acronym; and clipping. The millennial generation used SAOS in their social media because some reasons such as to address, to initiate relax conversation, to express impression and to show intimacy. Keywords: Slang, Types of slang, Reasons of slang, millennial generation
Pengembangan Buku Pengayaan Menulis Teks Anekdot Bermuatan Cinta Tanah Air
Authors: Alfarisi Rahman Saleh , Suseno Suseno 
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini (1) memaparkan kebutuhan guru dan siswa terhadap buku pengayaan menulis teks anekdot bermuatan cinta tanah air, (2) memaparkan prinsip pengembangan buku pengayaan menulis teks anekdot bermuatan cinta tanah air, (3) mendeskripsikan prototipe pengembangan buku pengayaan menulis teks anekdot bermuatan cinta tanah air, dan (4) memaparkan hasil penilaian dan perbaikan prototipe buku pengayaan menulis teks anekdot bermuatan cinta tanah air. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and devolopment yang dilakukan dengan lima tahapan: (1) potensi dan masalah, (2) pengumpulan data, (3) desain produk, (4) validasi produk, dan (5) revisi desain. Hasil dari penelitian ini, Pertama, hasil analisis kebutuhan siswa dan guru terhadap pengembangan buku pengayaan menulis teks anekdot bermuatan cinta tanah air yang menghasilkan prinsip-prinsip pengembangan buku pengayaan. Guru dan siswa berharap buku pengayaan yang sesuai dengan tingkatan siswa, disusun dengan bahasa yang mudah dimengerti dan diberi materi yang lengkap serta contoh-contoh teks anekdot yang menumbuhkan nilai cinta tanah air. Kedua, prinsip-prinsip pengembangan buku pengayaan menulis teks anekdot bermuatan cinta tanah air ditetapkan menjadi 5 aspek pengembangan buku, antara lain: (1) aspek materi, (2) aspek penyajian materi, (3) aspek bahasa, (4) aspek grafika dan (5) aspek muatan cinta tanah air. Ketiga, prototipe buku pengayaan menulis teks anekdot bermuatan cinta tanah air. Buku pengayaan ini terdiri dari, kulit buku, bagian awal, bagian isi, dan bagian akhir. Keempat, hasil penilaian yang dilakukan dosen ahli semua aspeknya tergolong baik. Perbaikan berdasarkan penilaian dan saran perbaikan dosen ahli, peneliti melakukan 15 perbaikan pada buku pengayaan menulis teks anekdot bermuatan cinta tanah air.Kata Kunci : buku pengayaan, menulis teks anekdot, cinta tanah air, patriotisme
Manajemen Wakaf dan Peranannya Pada Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Gustina Gustina - , Ihsan Hidayatul 
Published: November 2019

Communal ownership has proved successful in supporting and improving the welfare of society, including education. Many sectors in society that can already be supported by waqf, such as facilities of worship, hospitals, education, economic facilities and others. Study waqf in higher education was still relatively rare for Indonesia. In the world, however, there are many universities that carry out of the principle of communal ownership, such as Al-Azhar University at Cairo University of Cordoba Spain and so on. This artilce aimed to explore the application of communal ownership for higher education from management and economics. The method used literature review of books, manuscripts and publications of scientific journals. The results of the study indicated that the continuity and sustainability of the use of communal ownership in society was determined by the management of communal ownership by the manager (Nazhir) and the foundation of the trustee holder of the communal ownership.
Key words: Management Communal Ownership, Communal Ownership in Education
Prinsip Manajemen Tenaga Kependidikan Perspektif Al-Qur’an
Authors: Astuti Efi Tri 
Published: November 2019

As an effort to improve the quality of human resources, the development of human resources was important for the goverment to focus on improving the quality of education by provision learning processes with quality education personnel. This article aimed to discussed the principle management of educational staff of the Al-Qur'an perspective. This research was literature studies, namely by examining journals, books, research reports. The result showed that : (1) the Principle of Tawheed, covering the principle of unity of direction and unity of command; (2) Principles of justice and prosperity; (3) The principle of deliberation; (4) Principles of efficiency, effectiveness and productivity; (5) Disilpin principle, integrity and loyalty; (6) The principle of division of authority and responsibility; (7) Principle of Ukhuwah. An understanding of the management principle of the Al-Qur'an perspective in the management of Islamic education institutions will be able to contribute positively, including planning of education personnel, the process of recruitment, selection and placement, and the development of education personnel.
Key words: Principle of Management, Educational Personnel, Al-Qur’an Perspektive