bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype But Not Body Shape Predicts River Migration Success in Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Moccetti Paolo , Bolland Jonathan D. , Adams Colin E. , Rodger Jessica R. , Honkanen Hannele M. , Newton Matthew , Lothian Angus J. , Nunn Andy D. , Joyce Domino A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMigratory species typically undertake demanding long‐distance journeys, across different habitat types during which they are exposed to multiple natural and anthropogenic stressors. Mortality during migration is typically high and may be human induced. Understanding individual responses to these selection pressures is rarely attempted because of the challenges of relating individual phenotypic and genetic data to migration success. Here, we show distinct single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sets significantly differentiated between Atlantic salmon smolts making successful migrations to sea and those that failed to migrate, in two different rivers. In contrast, morphological variation was not diagnostic of migration success. Populations from each river were genetically distinct, and while different genes were possibly implicated in migration success in each river, they related to common biological processes (e.g., osmoregulation and immune and stress response). Given that migration failure should quickly purge polymorphism at selected SNPs from a population, the question of how genetic diversity in these populations is maintained is an important one. Standing genetic variation could be maintained by different life history strategies and/or environmentally driven balancing selection. Our work highlights the importance of preserving genetic diversity to ensure evolutionary resilience at the population level and has practical implications for management.
Habitat Occupancy of the Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) Under Human Disturbance in an Urban Environment: Implications for Conservation
Authors: Subba Asmit , Tamang Ganesh , Lama Sony , Limbu Jash Hang , Basnet Nabin , Kyes Randall C. , Khanal Laxman 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlobally, urban expansion has led to habitat fragmentation and altered resource availability, thus posing significant challenges for wildlife. The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is a critically endangered species experiencing population decline due to illegal trade and habitat degradation. This study analyzed variables affecting habitat occupancy of Chinese pangolins using a single‐season occupancy model across 134 study grids (600 m × 600 m) in peri‐urban areas of Dharan Sub‐Metropolitan City, eastern Nepal. We identified termite mounds as a significant key factor (top model with AICwt = 1) in the detection probability of Chinese pangolin burrows (βTermite mounds = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.89). Additionally, the Human Disturbance Index (HDI) emerged as the key variable for habitat use occupancy (AIC = 231.96, AICwt = 0.309), indicating a significant negative impact (βHDI = −6.555, 95% CI = −11.324 to −1.7723). We observed a mean HDI of 0.475 ± 0.04 in the grids where Chinese pangolins were detected, with higher HDI values correlating with reduced Chinese pangolin occupancy. For the long‐term conservation of Chinese pangolins in urban landscapes, it is crucial to reduce anthropogenic activities and implement conservation measures to protect suitable habitats with abundant termite mounds.
Contrasting demographic processes underlie uphill shifts in a desert ecosystem
Authors: Skikne Sarah , McLaughlin Blair , Fisher Mark , Ackerly David , Zavaleta Erika 
Published: December 2024

AbstractClimate change is projected to cause extensive plant range shifts, and, in many cases such shifts already are underway. Most long‐term studies of range shifts measure emergent changes in species distributions but not the underlying demographic patterns that shape them. To better understand species' elevational range shifts and their underlying demographic processes, we use the powerful approach of rephotography, comparing historical (1978–1982) and modern (2015–2016) photographs taken along a 1000‐m elevational gradient in the Colorado Desert of Southern California. This approach allowed us to track demographic outcomes for 4263 individual plants of 11 long‐lived, perennial species over the past ~36 years. All species showed an upward shift in mean elevation (average = 45 m), consistent with observed increasing temperature and severe drought in the region. We found that varying demographic processes underlaid these elevational shifts, with some species showing higher recruitment and some showing higher survival with increasing elevation. Species with faster life‐history rates (higher background recruitment and mortality rates) underwent larger elevational shifts. Our findings emphasize the importance of demography and life history in shaping range shift responses and future community composition, as well as the sensitivity of desert systems to climate change despite the typical “slow motion” population dynamics of perennial desert plants.
Editorial: Biological Therapies and Eating Disorders
Authors: Himmerich Hubertus , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Mörkl Sabrina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveBlood‐based biomarkers and neuroimaging techniques have improved our understanding of the underlying biology of eating disorders (EDs) and have increased our diagnostic portfolio.MethodThis editorial accompanies an article collection on novel biological approaches to treat EDs.ResultsThe collection covers intermittent theta burst stimulation, therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacological treatments (olanzapine, metreleptin, psychedelics, and anti‐inflammatory medications), microbiome‐based treatments such as pro‐ and prebiotics, as well as individually tailored treatment approaches for EDs.DiscussionResearch of brain areas and bodily systems that are related to memory, emotions and immune function will hopefully expand the biological treatment options for people with EDs.
Numerical Study on the Effect of Trapezoidal‐Wave Shaped Partition on Natural Convection Flow Within a Porous Enclosure
Authors: Chordiya Jayesh , Deshmukh Padmakar , Sharma Ram V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of a trapezoidal‐wave shaped diathermal partition to reduce natural convection flow and heat transfer within a fluid‐saturated, differentially heated porous enclosure is investigated in this study. This work is motivated by the need to control and reduce convective heat transfer in differentially heated porous enclosures, impacting applications like energy‐efficient building materials, thermal insulation, and improved heat exchangers. The study aims to disrupt convection currents and minimize thermal transfer. The Darcy flow model, representing fluid flow in porous media, is applied here and solved using the successive accelerated replacement (SAR) scheme with a finite difference method. Key parameters are varied to explore their effects on thermal and flow patterns. These parameters include the partition's length (with values between ), height (spanning from ), and distance from the left wall of the enclosure (), along with the modified Rayleigh number, which ranges from . Through computational visualization of streamlines and isotherms, this study examines how changes in partition geometry influence flow deviations. Results indicate that the trapezoidal partition allows flexibility in adjusting its geometrical parameters, effectively reducing convection flow strength without significant compromise. A drop of 41.13% in flow strength and about 56% reducted in heat transfer is achieved for trapezoidal partition with smaller edge length These findings suggest that such a partition setup can significantly improve thermal management in systems where fluid‐saturated porous enclosures are subject to differential heating.
Innovative Enhancements for Hemispherical Solar Stills: Enhancing Performance With Copper Conical Fins and Red Brick Fillings
Authors: Attia Mohammed El Hadi , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Elazab M. A. , Mousa M. G. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe existence of fins on a basin's flat absorber undoubtedly enhances the thermal efficiency and distillate output by increasing the exposed surface area of water to sunlight. However, the issue of shading caused by the fins hampers the productivity of distillers. Researchers are currently seeking a resolution to this problem. The current study conducted a performance comparison of hemispherical solar distillers using copper conical fins with a diameter of 4 cm and a height of 2 cm. The distillers were also equipped with copper conical fins‐filled red bricks, which were painted black. These fins were placed on the bottom of the basin at various spacing intervals (0, 1, and 2 cm) and a water depth of 2 cm. The experimental data showed that the productivity values of the hemispherical solar distiller using copper conical fins (HSD‐CCF) were 6.00, 5.40, and 5.00 L/m2, while the productivity values of the hemispherical solar distiller using copper conical fins‐filled with red bricks (HSD‐CCF & RB) were 7.00, 6.30, and 5.80 L/m2 at spacing distances of 0, 1, and 2 cm, respectively. The conventional hemispherical solar distiller without fins (CHSD) achieved a peak efficiency of 4.50 L/m2. The HSD‐CCF achieves cumulative yields of 33.33%, 20.00%, and 11.11% when utilizing copper conical fins at spacing distances of 0, 1, and 2 cm, respectively, compared to the THSD. The efficiency of the hemispherical sun distiller using copper conical fins‐filled with red bricks (HSD‐CCF & RB) is enhanced by 55.55%, 40.00%, and 28.89% when compared to the conventional hemispherical solar distiller (THSD), at spacing distances of 0, 1, and 2 cm, respectively. The study discovered that including copper conical fins packed with red bricks improves the efficiency of solar distillers. Furthermore, the study revealed that increasing the spacing between the fins further reduces shading, hence enhancing performance.
Impact of circulating tumor human papillomavirus DNA kinetics on disease outcomes in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Jhawar Sachin R. , Haring Catherine , Pan Xueliang , Ma Jianing , Bhateja Priyanka , Kubi Emmanuel Appiah , Limbach Abberly Lott , Gogineni Emile , Mitchell Darrion , Konieczkowski David , Grecula John , Ma Sung Jun , Zhu Simeng , Old Matthew , Bonomi Marcelo , Rocco James W. , Blakaj Dukagjin M. , Baliga Sujith 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCirculating tumor tissue modified (TTMV)‐HPV DNA has emerged as a promising biomarker in human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV‐OPSCC). The objective of this study was to assess ctHPVDNA TTMV clearance kinetics during RT and its relationship with progression in HPV‐OPSCC. We identified 80 non‐metastatic HPV‐OPSCC patients with 366 TTMV samples who underwent prospective plasma TTMV testing before, during and after curative intent RT or CRT between June 2021 and February 2023. Patients with rapid favorable clearance (>95% decline from pre‐treatment value) of TTMV were compared to those with suboptimal clearance (<95%). The primary objective was to evaluate the relationship between TTMV clearance during CRT and its impact on progression free survival (PFS). The median follow‐up was 14.7 months. Clinical nodal stage was associated with higher TTMV‐HPV DNA scores at baseline, with a median score of 128, 778, and 1219 for N0/N1, N2a/b, and N2c/3 patients, respectively. Patients who had persistent TTMV at the end of RT had an inferior PFS compared to those who cleared their TTMV at 2 years (91.7% vs. 71.7%) (log rank, p = .042). Among patients who had complete clearance of their TTMV at 3 months, those who had a negative, equivocal, and incomplete PET response had a 2‐year PFS of 94.3%, 77.8%, and 59.3%, respectively (log‐rank, p = .029). Our study indicates that persistent TTMV‐HPV DNA is associated with worse PFS and may portend unfavorable outcomes. Thus, monitoring TTMV clearance kinetics could be a valuable biomarker for guiding treatment decisions in patients with HPV‐OPSCC.
YOLOv8 Outperforms Traditional CNN Models in Mammography Classification: Insights From a Multi‐Institutional Dataset
Authors: AkbarnezhadSany Erfan , EntezariZarch Hossein , AlipoorKermani Mohammad , Shahin Baharak , Cheki Mohsen , Karami Aida , Zahedi Samaneh , AhmadPour Zahra , Ahmadi‐Mazhin Sadegh , Rahimnezhad Ali , Sayfollahi Sahar , Bijari Salar , Shojaee Melika , Rezaeijo Seyed Masoud 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study evaluates the efficacy of four deep learning methods—YOLOv8, VGG16, ResNet101, and EfficientNet—for classifying mammography images into normal, benign, and malignant categories using a large‐scale, multi‐institutional dataset. Each dataset was divided into training and testing groups with an 80%/20% split, ensuring that all examinations from the same patient were consistently allocated to the same split. The training set for the malignant class contained 10 220 images, the benign class 6086 images, and the normal class 8526 images. For testing, the malignant class had 1441 images, the benign class 1124 images, and the normal class 1881 images. All models were fine‐tuned using transfer learning and standardized to 224 × 224 pixels with data augmentation techniques to improve robustness. Among the models, YOLOv8 demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an AUC of 93.33% for the training dataset and 91% for the testing dataset. It also exhibited superior accuracy (91.82% training, 86.68% testing), F1‐score (91.11% training, 84.86% testing), and specificity (95.80% training, 93.32% testing). ResNet101, VGG16, and EfficientNet also performed well, with ResNet101 achieving an AUC of 91.67% (training) and 90.00% (testing). Grad‐CAM visualizations were used to identify the regions most influential in model decision‐making. This multi‐model evaluation highlights YOLOv8's potential for accurately classifying mammograms, while demonstrating that all models contribute valuable insights for improving breast cancer detection. Future clinical trials will focus on refining these models to assist healthcare professionals in delivering accurate and timely diagnoses.
Comparison between point‐of‐care testing from capillary samples and conventional laboratory testing from venous samples for white blood cells and C‐reactive protein in a pediatric outpatient setting
Authors: Kuniyoshi Yasutaka , Kimoto Takeru , Tokutake Haruka , Takahashi Natsuki , Kamura Azusa , Tashiro Makoto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the accuracy of point‐of‐care (POC) testing using capillary samples are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the analytical accuracy of POC testing for white blood cell (WBC) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) using capillary samples compared with conventional central laboratory testing using venous samples in a pediatric ambulatory care setting.MethodsThis was a retrospective study including patients younger than 18 years who underwent concurrent WBC and CRP evaluations via capillary and subsequent venous sampling within a 2‐h window. Capillary and venous blood samples were collected using finger prick and standard venipuncture techniques, respectively. Capillary blood analysis was performed using a Microsemi CRP device. Venous samples were measured in the hospital's central laboratory. The agreement between the capillary POC and venous laboratory results was evaluated using Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsA total of 277 pediatric patients were included in this study. The median age of the participants was 1 year (interquartile range: 0–2 years). The mean difference between the capillary and venous measurements for WBC was −18 × 100/μL with 95% limits of agreement of −73 × 100/μL to 37 × 100/μL. The mean difference between the capillary and venous measurements for CRP was −0.25 mg/dL with 95% limits of agreement of −2.1 mg/dL to 1.6 mg/dL.ConclusionsPOC CRP testing via capillary sampling by finger prick demonstrated sufficient accuracy. POC CRP testing has the potential to be a valuable instrument for clinical decision making, particularly in screening febrile outpatient children.
Sudden Onset of Intramural Duodenal Hematoma During Hemodialysis in Hypertensive Patient
Authors: Kazumori Hideaki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA 79‐year‐old man undergoing treatment with warfarin for atrial fibrillation and hemodialysis for renal failure was transferred to our hospital for rehabilitation. During a maintenance hemodialysis session, blood pressure was shown to be elevated and an intramural duodenal hematoma suddenly occurred. After 3 days, the hematoma had enlarged and angiographic embolization was performed, with complete resolution noted after 2 months. Occurrence of an intramural duodenal hematoma during hemodialysis is rare. However, acute abdominal pain with symptoms indicating obstruction in patients undergoing such treatment should raise suspicion regarding an intramural duodenal hematoma. Although conservative treatment is often effective for a nontraumatic intramural hematoma, early angiographic embolization is preferred when disruption of anticoagulant therapy is difficult or for patients with failed medical treatment.
Clinical, immunophenotypic, and genomic findings of acute myeloid leukemia with RAM immunophenotype: Comparison with other CD56‐positive acute leukemias
Authors: Hamdan Hanan , Liu Yen‐Chun , Wang Sa A. , Bledsoe Jacob , Chisholm Karen M. , Siddon Alexa , Ohgami Robert , George Tracy I. , Kurzer Jason , Hasserjian Robert P. , Arber Daniel A. , Bagg Adam , Foucar Kathryn , Margolskee Elizabeth , Laczko Dorottya , Chen Weina , Fuda Franklin , Aggarwal Nidhi , Weinberg Olga K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RAM immunophenotype is a newly recognized high‐risk AML immunophenotypic subcategory characterized by blasts with bright expression of CD56 and weak to absent expression of CD45, HLA‐DR, and CD38, as first described by the Children's Oncology Group (COG). The relationship between AML‐RAM and other CD56‐positive acute leukemias is unclear. The goal of this study is to characterize the clinicopathological characteristics of AML with RAM phenotype and compare them with other CD56 co‐expressing acute leukemias.MethodsFrom a multi‐institutional search, we identified a total of 160 CD56+ acute leukemia cases, including AML‐RAM (n = 28), CD56+ acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) (n = 11), CD56+ T‐lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 39), and CD56+ AML (n = 81). We compared the clinical and pathologic findings of these groups.ResultsAML‐RAM patients were significantly younger and presented with significantly higher platelet and white blood cell counts and bone marrow (BM) blast percentages when compared to AUL (p > 0.05) and had higher median BM blast percentages than T‐ALL and CD56+ AML groups (both p < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed significantly brighter expression of CD56 on blasts as compared to other CD56+ AML cases, partial CD34 expression compared to AUL, and AML, weak‐to‐absent CD38 expression compared to all groups, and absent HLA‐DR and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase as compared to AUL and T‐ALL (all p < 0.05). The frequency of abnormal karyotypes was significantly higher among RAM when compared to all groups (p < 0.05). Next‐generation sequencing profiles differed among the leukemia groups, with significant enrichment of CBFA2T3::GLIS2 fusions (p < 0.05) and TP53 mutations (p < 0.05) in RAM cases compared to other AML control groups, and U2AF1 (p < 0.05), serine and arginine‐rich splicing factor 2 (p < 0.05), and BCL6 co‐repressor (p < 0.05) mutations compared to AUL. Clinical outcome analysis demonstrated significantly lower 3‐year overall survival of the RAM subgroup (36 months) compared to control groups (p = 0.002).ConclusionWe find that AML with RAM phenotype occurs primarily in younger ages, with distinct clinicopathological, immunophenotypic, and mutational presentations, and worse prognosis. This diagnosis should be considered in the clinical differential diagnosis of CD56‐positive acute leukemias.
Diagnosis, treatment, management and monitoring of patients with tyrosinaemia type 1: Consensus group recommendations from the German‐speaking countries
Authors: Das Anibh M. , Ballhausen Diana , Haas Dorothea , Häberle Johannes , Hagedorn Tobias , Janson‐Mutsaerts Cecilia , Janzen Nils , Sander Johannes , Freisinger Peter , Karall Daniela , Meyer Uta , Mönch Eberhard , Morlot Susanne , Rosenbaum‐Fabian Stefanie , Scholl‐Bürgi Sabine , vom Dahl Stephan , Weinhold Natalie , Zeman Jiri , Lange Karin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHepatorenal tyrosinaemia (HT1) is an autosomal recessive disorder of tyrosine degradation resulting in hepatic and renal dysfunction, neurological sequelae may occur in some patients. The use of nitisinone (NTBC) has revolutionised treatment and outcome of this disorder. NTBC has to be combined with a low protein diet. While NTBC modulates the disease course in HT1 patients, several issues are open. Optimal dosage, doses per day, therapeutic range of NTBC concentration, mode of protein restriction and biomarkers are not well defined. HCC and neurocognitive deficits are long‐term sequelae. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to minimise the risk for these complications. Clinical guidance for management of HT1‐patients is required. Randomised clinical studies are difficult in the presence of therapeutic options. We discussed these issues in a consensus group of 10 paediatricians, 1 adult hepatologist, 1 geneticist, 2 dieticians, 2 newborn screening specialists with experience in HT1, 1 psychologist and 2 representatives of a patient group from the German‐speaking countries (DACH). Recommendations were based on scientific literature and expert opinion, also taking into account recent experience with newborn screening. There was strong consensus that newborn screening using succinylacetone (SA) and early treatment are essential for a good outcome. The dose of NTBC should be as low as possible without losing metabolic control. This has to be accompanied by a low protein diet, in some patients a simplified diet without calculation of protein intake. Specific education and psychosocial support are recommended. Indications for liver transplantation were defined. Monitoring shall include clinical findings, levels of SA, tyrosine, phenylalanine and NTBC in (dried) blood.