bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchoscopic interventions for severe emphysema: Where are we now?
Authors: Shah Pallav L. , Slebos Dirk‐Jan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPatients with severe emphysema have limited treatment options and only derive a small benefit from optimal medical treatment. The only other therapy to have significant clinical beneficial effect in emphysema is LVRS but the perceived risk and invasiveness of surgery has fuelled bronchoscopic approaches to induce lung volume reduction. There are multiple bronchoscopic methods for achieving volume reduction in severe emphysema: EBV, airway bypass procedure, endobronchial coils, thermal (vapour) sclerosis and chemical sclerosis (sealants). Optimal patient selection is key to successful patient outcomes. This review discusses bronchoscopic approaches for emphysema treatment which has progressed through clinical trials to clinical practice.
Impact of remittances on male and female labor force participation patterns in Africa: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Ghana
Authors: Asiedu Edward , Chimbar Nurokinan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we examine how remittances, an outcome of labor mobility, affect labor market activities in Ghana using detailed household and individual‐level data. This is important, considering the extensive literature that has documented the remittance–poverty reduction nexus. First, we find a strong negative association between household remittance‐receiving status and individual labor supply decisions using instrumental variable estimation techniques. Second, we find the depressing effect of remittances on labor supply decisions to be much stronger in rural areas. Rural women who reside in remittance‐receiving households are less likely to be in the labor force compared with those who do not reside in such households. Remittances have very little impact on labor supply decisions in urban areas. Our findings support that remittances can exacerbate long‐term poverty reduction in rural areas through lower labor force participation, and as such rural‐based and gender‐based interventions may be needed to help redirect remittance income.
Dental services provided to Syrian refugee children in Jordan: A retrospective study
Authors: Salim Nesreen A. , ElSa'aideh Batool B. , Maayta Wajd A. , Hassona Yazan M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about oral health care in Syrian refugee children in host countries. We describe the pattern and nature of oral healthcare service provided to Syrian refugee children in JordanMethodThe clinical records of 3 to 7‐year‐old children who attended dental clinics at Zaatari refugee camp over a period of 8 months were retrieved and analyzed.ResultsRecords of 259 children were analyzed. The mean age of the study sample was 5.6 years, and all included children were born in Zaatari refugee camp. Most children (66%; n = 171) presented because of dental pain and/or dental infection. Dental extraction was the most common procedure (55%), followed by dental fillings (25%), pulpotomy (10.6%), and stainless steel crown (9.2%). Most patients (75.3%; n = 195) received only one dental procedure during their stay in the camp, and no significant correlation between age and number of dental procedures was found.ConclusionsOral health care is not a priority in this population, and the available capacity for dental services is insufficient. Dental health programs should be implemented to improve refugee dental care.
What Differentiates Prisoners Who Attempt Suicide from Those Who Experience Suicidal Ideation? A Nationally Representative Study
Authors: Favril Louis , Stoliker Bryce , Vander Laenen Freya 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveMany people who think about suicide do not engage in suicidal behavior. Identifying risk factors implicated in the process of behavioral enaction is crucial for suicide prevention, particularly in high‐risk groups such as prisoners.MethodCross‐sectional data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of 17,891 prisoners (79% men) in the United States. We compared prisoners who attempted suicide (attempters; n = 2,496) with those who thought about suicide but never made an attempt (ideators; n = 1,716) on a range of established risk factors.ResultsMore than half (59%) of participants who experienced suicidal ideation had also attempted suicide. Violent offending, trauma, brain injury, alcohol abuse, and certain mental disorders distinguished attempters from ideators.ConclusionOur results fit within recent ideation‐to‐action theories that emphasize the role of a capability for suicide in the transition from thoughts to acts of suicide.
An isoleucine residue acts as a thermal and regulatory switch in wheat Rubisco activase
Authors: Degen Gustaf E. , Worrall Dawn , Carmo‐Silva Elizabete 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYThe regulation of Rubisco, the gatekeeper of carbon fixation into the biosphere, by its molecular chaperone Rubisco activase (Rca) is essential for photosynthesis and plant growth. Using energy from ATP hydrolysis, Rca promotes the release of inhibitors and restores catalytic competence to Rubisco‐active sites. Rca is sensitive to moderate heat stress, however, and becomes progressively inhibited as the temperature increases above the optimum for photosynthesis. Here, we identify a single amino acid substitution (M159I) that fundamentally alters the thermal and regulatory properties of Rca in bread wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Using site‐directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the M159I substitution extends the temperature optimum of the most abundant Rca isoform by 5°Cin vitro, while maintaining the efficiency of Rubisco activation by Rca. The results suggest that this single amino acid substitution acts as a thermal and regulatory switch in wheat Rca that can be exploited to improve the climate resilience and efficiency of carbon assimilation of this cereal crop as temperatures become warmer and more volatile.
Chloroplasts require glutathione reductase to balance reactive oxygen species and maintain efficient photosynthesis
Authors: Müller‐Schüssele Stefanie J. , Wang Ren , Gütle Desirée D. , Romer Jill , Rodriguez‐Franco Marta , Scholz Martin , Buchert Felix , Lüth Volker M. , Kopriva Stanislav , Dörmann Peter , Schwarzländer Markus , Reski Ralf , Hippler Michael , Meyer Andreas J. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThiol‐based redox‐regulation is vital for coordinating chloroplast functions depending on illumination and has been throroughly investigated for thioredoxin‐dependent processes. In parallel, glutathione reductase (GR) maintains a highly reduced glutathione pool, enabling glutathione‐mediated redox buffering. Yet, how the redox cascades of the thioredoxin and glutathione redox machineries integrate metabolic regulation and detoxification of reactive oxygen species remains largely unresolved because null mutants of plastid/mitochondrial GR are embryo‐lethal in Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate whether maintaining a highly reducing stromal glutathione redox potential (EGSH) via GR is necessary for functional photosynthesis and plant growth, we created knockout lines of the homologous enzyme in the model moss Physcomitrella patens. In these viable mutant lines, we found decreasing photosynthetic performance and plant growth with increasing light intensities, whereas ascorbate and zeaxanthin/antheraxanthin levels were elevated. By in vivo monitoring stromal EGSH dynamics, we show that stromal EGSH is highly reducing in wild‐type and clearly responsive to light, whereas an absence of GR leads to a partial glutathione oxidation, which is not rescued by light. By metabolic labelling, we reveal changing protein abundances in the GR knockout plants, pinpointing the adjustment of chloroplast proteostasis and the induction of plastid protein repair and degradation machineries. Our results indicate that the plastid thioredoxin system is not a functional backup for the plastid glutathione redox systems, whereas GR plays a critical role in maintaining efficient photosynthesis.
A technique for shotgun proteomic analysis of the precorneal tear film in dogs with naturally occurring primary glaucoma
Authors: Graham Kathleen L. , Diefenbach Eve , McCowan Christina I. , White Andrew J. R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo introduce a protocol for the characterization of protein patterns in tears of dogs with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG).AnimalsNineteen dogs (25 eyes).MethodsTear samples were collected using a Schirmer tear strip, from dogs with PACG (PACG‐affected eyes, n = 8; unaffected eyes predisposed to PACG, n = 7), POAG (n = 4), and healthy controls (n = 6). Protein precipitation and trypsin digestion were performed for analyses via liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Proteins were identified using the SwissProt protein sequence database. Relative protein expression in 17 eyes (15 dogs) was evaluated using Proteome Discoverer 2.0. Pathway analyses were performed to investigate molecular mechanisms associated with primary glaucoma.ResultsUnique peptides were identified in 505 proteins, with Major allergen Can f 1 and albumin identified with high confidence. Proteins unique to tears from diseased eyes (PACG: n = 7; POAG: n = 14) were identified. Nucleoside diphosphate was unique to tears in PACG eyes naïve to therapy, while retinal binding protein and NSFL1 cofactor p47 were unique to medicated PACG eyes. Relative expression of 34 proteins differed between disease states. Pathway analyses identified that the ‘inflammatory response’ was among the top disease/disorders in dogs with primary glaucoma (PACG and POAG) but not in healthy controls.ConclusionTear samples suitable for mass spectrometry were readily obtained from pet dogs without needing specialized equipment. Further studies to validate the findings and explore potential candidate biomarkers for early disease detection and potential therapeutic targets are indicated.
Perceptions on consumer information in transfusion. A qualitative study of consumers and prescribers
Authors: Liao Angela , Burgess Maria , Barritt‐Eyles Rosie , Trompf Linda , Crispin Philip 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectivesFresh blood product transfusion requires patient education for fully informed consent, and written consumer information is frequently used. Few studies have examined consumer preferences regarding written and verbal transfusion information provided. As a qualitative study, this research was designed to explore participant understanding and by analysing and integrating themes, generate a model to understand how transfusion information should be developed and used in practice.Materials and methodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with healthcare consumers of transfusion information from various hospital clinical departments. Transcripts were coded to qualitatively compare nature/extent of content and opinions regarding transfusion information through thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis identified themes relating to healthcare engagement, purpose of information, mode of delivery and content delivered. Differences were identified between perceived purpose of information provided to consumers between 13 transfusion prescribers and consumers. Prescribers viewed information as a tool for obtaining informed consent, whereas consumers desired reassurance and knowledge. Consumers described both the specialized nature and volume of information as limiting their ability to question professionals on whom they were dependent. Information provided should be tailored to consumers and utilize simple, succinct explanations.ConclusionBoth groups were satisfied with written information adjunctive to verbal information. These findings will be used to redesign transfusion information and may be employed at the bedside when discussing transfusion. They may have implications for consumer information in other settings.
Combined methazolamide and theophylline improves oxygen saturation but not exercise performance or altitude illness in acute hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Subudhi Andrew W. , Evero Oghenero , Reitinger Jeremy , Davis Christopher , Gronewold Jeffrey , Nichols Andrew J. , Van‐Houten Sonja Jameson , Roach Robert C. 
Published: May 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does the combination of methazolamide and theophylline reduce symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and improve aerobic performance in acute hypobaric hypoxia?
What is the main finding and its importance?
The oral combination of methazolamide (100 BID) and theophylline (300 BID) improved arterial oxygen saturation but did not reduce symptoms of AMS and impaired aerobic performance. We do not recommend this combination of drugs for prophylaxis against the acute negative effects of hypobaric hypoxia.

AbstractA limited number of small studies have suggested that methazolamide and theophylline can independently reduce symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and, if taken together, can improve aerobic exercise performance in normobaric hypoxia. We performed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study to determine if the combination of oral methazolamide and theophylline could provide prophylaxis against AMS and improve aerobic performance in hypobaric hypoxia (∼4875 m). Volunteers with histories of AMS were screened at low altitude (1650 m) and started combined methazolamide (100 mg BID) and theophylline (300 mg BID) treatment, or placebo, 72 h prior to decompression. Baseline AMS (Lake Louise Questionnaire), blood (haemoglobin, haematocrit), cognitive function, ventilatory and pulse oximetry () measures were assessed at low altitude and repeated between 4 and 10 h of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (PB = 425 mmHg). Aerobic exercise performance was assessed during a 12.5 km cycling time trial (TT) after 4 h of hypobaric hypoxia. Subjects repeated all experimental procedures after a 3‐week washout period. Differences between drug and placebo trials were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). The drugs improved resting by ∼4% (P < 0.01), but did not affect the incidence or severity of AMS or cognitive function scores relative to placebo. Subjects’ performance on the 12.5 km TT was ∼3% worse when taking the drugs (P < 0.01). The combination of methazolamide and theophylline in the prescribed dosages is not recommended for use at high altitude as it appears to have no measurable effect on AMS and can impair aerobic performance.
Infaunal response during the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Luo Mao , Buatois Luis A. , Shi G.R. , Chen Zhong-Qiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) profoundly shaped shallow marine ecosystems. Although much has been learned about this event based on the body-fossil record, the global infaunal response to the EPME, as represented by ichnofossils, is much less understood. Here we analyze secular changes in ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity from the late Permian to the Middle Triassic based on a global trace-fossil data set. Results show that, in contrast to the body-fossil record, late Permian global ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity maintained their level until the Griesbachian, followed by a sharp loss in the Dienerian. Notably, the Griesbachian shows an unusual dominance of shallower tiers. The discrepancy between the body- and trace-fossil record is interpreted to be the result of the resurgence of widespread microbial matgrounds in the Griesbachian that aided the preservation of surface, semi-infaunal, and shallow-tier ichnofossils. Our study shows that the EPME strongly affected the sediment mixed layer, allowing the preservation of shallower tier trace fossils. The disappearance of the mixed layer in the earliest Triassic may have enhanced pyrite burial in sediments and inhibited its further re-oxidation, therefore impacting sea water sulfate concentrations.
Addition of pectin-alginate to a carbohydrate beverage does not maintain gastrointestinal barrier function during exercise in hot-humid conditions better than carbohydrate ingestion alone
Authors: Flood Tessa R. , Montanari Stefano , Wicks Marley , Blanchard Jack , Sharp Holly , Taylor Lee , Kuennen Matthew R. , Lee Ben J. 
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of consuming a 16% maltodextrin+fructose+pectin-alginate (MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG) drink against a nutrient-matched maltodextrin+fructose (MAL+FRU) drink on enterocyte damage and gastrointestinal permeability after cycling in hot and humid conditions. Fourteen recreational cyclists (7 men) completed 3 experimental trials in a randomized placebo-controlled design. Participants cycled for 90 min (45% maximal aerobic capacity) and completed a 15-min time-trial in hot (32 °C) humid (70% relative humidity) conditions. Every 15 min, cyclists consumed 143 mL of either (i) water; (ii) MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG (90 g·h−1CHO/16% w/v); or (iii) a ratio-matched MAL+FRU drink (90 g·h−1CHO/16% w/v). Blood was sampled before and after exercise and gastrointestinal (GI) permeability, which was determined by serum measurements of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and the percent ratio of lactulose (5 g) to rhamnose (2 g) recovered in postexercise urine. Compared with water, I-FABP decreased by 349 ± 67pg·mL−1with MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG (p = 0.007) and by 427 ± 56 pg·mL−1with MAL+FRU (p = 0.02). GI permeability was reduced in both the MAL+FRU+PEC+ALG (by 0.019 ± 0.01, p = 0.0003) and MAL+FRU (by 0.014 ± 0.01, p = 0.002) conditions relative to water. In conclusion, both CHO beverages attenuated GI barrier damage to a similar extent relative to water. No metabolic, cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, or performance differences were observed between the CHO beverages.Novelty Consumption of multiple-transportable CHO, with or without hydrogel properties, preserves GI barrier integrity and reduces enterocyte damage during prolonged cycling in hot-humid conditions.
A mixing interpolation method to mimic pasta phases in compact star matter
Authors: Blaschke David , Alvarez-Castillo David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present a new method to interpolate between two matter phases that allows for a description of mixed phases and can be used, e.g., for mimicking transitions between pasta structures occurring in the crust as well as in the inner core of compact stars. This interpolation method is based on assuming switch functions that are used to define a mixture of subphases while fulfilling constraints of thermodynamic stability. The width of the transition depends on a free parameter, the pressure increment relative to the critical pressure of a Maxwell construction. As an example we present a trigonometric function ansatz for the switch function together with a pressure increment during the transition. We note that the resulting mixed phase equation of state bears similarities with the appearance of substitutional compounds in neutron star crusts and with the sequence of transitions between different pasta phases in the hadron-to-quark matter transition. We apply this method to the case of a hadron-to-quark matter transition and test the robustness of the compact star mass twin phenomenon against the appearance of pasta phases modelled in this way.
A Defect Estimator for Source Code
Authors: Kapur Ritu , Sodhi Balwinder 
Published: May 2020

An important issue faced during software development is to identify defects and the properties of those defects, if found, in a given source file. Determiningdefectivenessof source code assumes significance due to its implications on software development and maintenance cost.We present a novel system to estimate the presence of defects in source code and detect attributes of the possible defects, such as the severity of defects. The salient elements of our system are: (i) a dataset of newly introduced source code metrics, calledPROgrammingCONstruct (PROCON) metrics, and (ii) a novelMachine-Learning (ML)-based system, calledDefectEstimator forSourceCode (DESCo), that makes use of PROCON dataset for predicting defectiveness in a given scenario. The dataset was created by processing 30,400+ source files written in four popular programming languages, viz., C, C++, Java, and Python.The results of our experiments show that DESCo system outperforms one of the state-of-the-art methods with an improvement of 44.9%. To verify the correctness of our system, we compared the performance of 12 different ML algorithms with 50+ different combinations of their key parameters. Our system achieves the best results with SVM technique with a mean accuracy measure of 80.8%.
Passages
Authors: Groce Alex 
Published: May 2020

John McPhee's Basin and Range, the first of his geology books usually read in a collection as the (sized rather like a large rock itself) Annals of the Former World is a funny choice for a Passages classic, at first glance. Maybe at second glance too, come to think of it.
Basin and Range is a travelogue, haphazard intro textbook on plate tectonics, and a meditation on the Earth, its age, and the rocks that give us some clue to almost utterly alien worlds that once occupied the space we now inhabit. Lava flows, trilobites, ancient seas, and primordial continents; the great extinctions that bookend geological periods of time, what does this all have to do with software engineering?
The Java Pathfinder Workshop 2019
Authors: Artho Cyrille , Phan Quoc-Sang , Aldous Peter , Almaawi Alyas , Bang Lucas , Berglund Lasse , Bultan Tevfik , Chen Zhenbang , Converse Hayes , Dong Wei , Eiers William , Gligoric Milos , Goldsmith Simon , Grunske Lars , Hooker Joshua , Kadron Ismet Burak , Kehrer Timo , Khurshid Sarfraz , Le Xuan-Bach D. , Lo David , Mercer Eric , Misailovic Sasa , Namakonov Egor , Lam Nguyen Hoang , Noller Yannic , Ogles Benjamin , Padhye Rohan , Parizek Pavel , Păsăreanu Corina S. , Powell S. Jacob , Saha Seemanta , Sen Koushik , Sherman Elena , Storey Kyle , Tang Minxing , Visser Willem , Wang Ji , Yu Hengbiao 
Published: May 2020

Java Path nder (JPF) was originally developed as an explicit- state software model checker, and subsequently evolved into an extensible Java bytecode analysis framework that has been suc- cessfully used to implement techniques such as symbolic and con- colic execution, compositional veri cation, parallel execution, in- cremental program analysis, and many more.
To share recent research progress with JPF and related tools among the community, we have organized the annual JPF work- shop with the Automated Software Engineering Conference (ASE) 2019, held in San Diego, California, USA. We invited submissions about on-going and existing research, experience, and position papers on topics (1) related to JPF, its extensions and applica- tions in various domains; and (2) Java/Android program analysis in general. This paper gives an overview of all presentations and papers of the workshop, as well the results of the discussions.
31st ACM International Conference on Hypertext and Social Media
Authors: Salter Anastasia , Barber John , Gadiraju Ujwal 
Published: May 2020

The ACM Hypertext conference is a premium venue for peer-reviewed research on hypertext theory, systems, and applications. It is concerned with all aspects of modern hypertext research including social media, semantic web, dynamic and computed hypertext and hypermedia as well as narrative systems and applications.
Hypertext 2020 was originally intended to be held in Orlando, Florida, USA, between July 13 and 15th at the University of Central Florida's downtown campus. However, due to the global pandemic, it will be moving to a virtual format. The conference will be "virtually" co-located with the Electronic Literature Organization Conference and Media Arts Festival, with engagement events targeted at creating transdisciplinary conversation. This year's theme is Hypertext for Social Good, a theme exemplified by the work of our plenary speakers Safiya Noble, Noah Wardrip-Fruin, and Stuart Moulthrop. We briefly describe the conference below, and hope to see many of you "online" at Hypertext 2020!
Conference Website: http://ht.acm.org/ht2020
Twitter: @ACMHT https://twitter.com/ACMHT
Hashtag: #ACMHT20 https://twitter.com/hashtag/ACMHT20