bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy 2.0: computer-aided identification tools to assist Antarctic biologists in the field and in the laboratory
Authors: Saucède Thomas , Eléaume Marc , Jossart Quentin , Moreau Camille , Downey Rachel , Bax Narissa , Sands Chester , Mercado Borja , Gallut Cyril , Vignes-Lebbe Régine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpecies inventories are essential to the implementation of conservation policies to mitigate biodiversity loss and maintain ecosystem services and their value to the society. This is particularly topical with respect to climate change and direct anthropogenic effects on Antarctic biodiversity, with the identification of the most at-risk taxa and geographical areas becoming a priority. Identification tools are often neglected and considered helpful only for taxonomists. However, the development of new online information technologies and computer-aided identification tools provides an opportunity to promote them to a wider audience, especially considering the emerging generation of scientists who apply an integrative approach to taxonomy. This paper aims to clarify essential concepts and provide convenient and accessible tools, tips and suggested systems to use and develop knowledge bases (KBs). The software Xper3 was selected as an example of a user-friendly KB management system to give a general overview of existing tools and functionalities through two applications: the ‘Antarctic Echinoids’ and ‘Odontasteridae Southern Ocean (Asteroids)’ KBs. We highlight the advantages provided by KBs over more classical tools, and future potential uses are highlighted, including the production of field guides to aid in the compilation of species inventories for biodiversity conservation purposes.
‘Virtual’ Eucharists in a Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: Biblical, Theological and Constitutional Perspectives
Authors: Douglas Brian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines the possible use of ‘virtual’ Eucharists in the Anglican Church of Australia in a time of a global pandemic such as exists in the world in 2020 with the spread of coronavirus or COVID-19. The changing nature of modern communication is considered in the context of the possibility of the use of a ‘virtual’ Eucharist, where a priest in one place with a set of bread and wine, consecrates the bread and wine, while at the same time a person in their own home consumes another set of bread and wine with the assumption that second set of bread and wine is also consecrated. Suggestions for and discussion of the use of a ‘virtual’ Eucharist in two dioceses of the Anglican Church of Australia are discussed with a consideration of published material by episcopal leaders. Biblical, theological and constitutional perspectives are then considered in relation to a ‘virtual’ Eucharist before the recommendation is made that ‘virtual’ Eucharists are not considered as appropriate at any time, including during a global COVID-19 pandemic, in the Anglican Church of Australia. Several alternatives to a ‘virtual’ Eucharist are considered which would allow people to obtain spiritual nourishment by other means.
Variation of fundamental constants and white dwarfs
Authors: Landau Susana J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTheories that attempt to unify the four fundamental interactions and alternative theories of gravity predict time and/or spatial variation of the fundamental constants of nature. Different versions of these theories predict different behaviours for these variations. As a consequence, experimental and observational bounds are an important tool to check the validity of such proposals. In this paper, we review constraints on the possible variation of the fundamental constants from astronomical observations and geophysical experiments designed to test the constancy of the fundamental constants of nature over different timescales. We also focus on the limits that can be obtained from white dwarfs, which can constrain the variation of the constants with the gravitational potential.
Four new self-lensing binaries from Kepler: Radial velocity characterization and astrophysical implications
Authors: Masuda Kento , Kawahara Hajime , Latham David W. , Bieryla Allyson , MacLeod Morgan , Kunitomo Masanobu , Benomar Othman , Aoki Wako 
Published: October 2020

AbstarctIn Kawahara et al. (2018) and Masuda et al. (2019), we reported the discovery of four self-lensing binaries consisting of F/G-type stars and (most likely) white dwarfs whose masses range from 0.2 to 0.6 solar masses. Here we present their updated system parameters based on new radial velocity data from the Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, and the Gaia parallaxes and spectroscopic parameters of the primary stars. We also briefly discuss the astrophysical implications of these findings.
Burst Geomagnetic Pulsations as Indicators of Substorm Expansion Onsets During Storms
Authors: Mishin V. V. , Tsegmed B. , Klibanova Yu. Yu. , Kurikalova M. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report on the dynamics of field‐aligned currents (FACs), broadband geomagnetic pulsations, and airglow obtained from the Irkutsk (IRK), Mondy (MND), and Borok (BOX) midlatitude geomagnetic observatories and the Tory (TOR) optical observatory during storm substorms. For the first time, using the short duration, Δt < 0.5 min, high‐frequency component of the burst pulsations (Pi1B), we determined the substorm double expansion phase (EP) onsets <5 min apart, which is hardly possible by means of the low‐frequency (periods of 2–5 min) Psc/PiB pulsations. We argue that the observed burst pulsations are the result of prompt changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and/or the current circuit related to the westward electrojet. Each pulsed source can excite short bursts of broadband electromagnetic modes of the ionospheric Alfvén resonator in the range of short‐period pulsations with a periodic resonance structure of the spectrum characteristic of the observed Pi1B/Psc pulsations.
Stable Climates for Temperate Rocky Circumbinary Planets
Authors: Komacek T. D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCircumbinary planets may comprise a significant fraction of the temperate rocky planets in our galaxy. A wide range of previous work has explored the climate of circumbinary planets with one‐dimensional energy balance models, but studies utilizing three‐dimensional general circulation models (GCMs) have only explored gaseous or ocean‐covered planets. Recent GCM results from Wolf et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006576) determine the impact of the time‐varying stellar forcing on the climate of Earth‐like circumbinary planets in a broad range of 12 modeled systems with stellar spectral types from G2 to M0. The planets modeled are assumed to have the same continental and oceanic configuration as Earth and receive the same time‐averaged stellar instellation as Earth. In all cases the climate variability has a low amplitude, with local maximum temperatures never exceeding the wet bulb threshold for human life. As a result, Earth‐like life could persist on circumbinary planets that undergo large‐amplitude orbital variations in instellation, and such planets remain viable targets to search for biosignatures and other key habitability indicators.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired jejunal enteroendocrine GLP-1 cell lineage in human obesity
Authors: Osinski Céline , Le Gléau Léa , Poitou Christine , de Toro-Martin Juan , Genser Laurent , Fradet Magali , Soula Hédi Antoine , Leturque Armelle , Blugeon Corinne , Jourdren Laurent , Hubert Edwige Ludiwyne , Clément Karine , Serradas Patricia , Ribeiro Agnès 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Altered enteroendocrine cell (EEC) function in obesity and type 2 diabetes is not fully understood. Understanding the transcriptional program that controls EEC differentiation is important because some EEC types harbor significant therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes.

Methods
EEC isolation from jejunum of obese individuals with (ObD) or without (Ob) type 2 diabetes was obtained with a new method of cell sorting. EEC transcriptional profiles were established by RNA-sequencing in a first group of 14 Ob and 13 ObD individuals. EEC lineage and densities were studied in the jejunum of a second independent group of 37 Ob, 21 ObD and 22 non obese (NOb) individuals.

Results
The RNA seq analysis revealed a distinctive transcriptomic signature and a decreased differentiation program in isolated EEC from ObD compared to Ob individuals. In the second independent group of ObD, Ob and NOb individuals a decreased GLP-1 cell lineage and GLP-1 maturation from proglucagon, were observed in ObD compared to Ob individuals. Furthermore, jejunal density of GLP-1-positive cells was significantly reduced in ObD compared to Ob individuals.

Conclusions
These results highlight that the transcriptomic signature of EEC discriminate obese subjects according to their diabetic status. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced GLP-1 cell differentiation and proglucagon maturation leading to low GLP-1-cell density in human obesity. These mechanisms could account for the decrease plasma GLP-1 observed in metabolic diseases.
Results of a project to calibrate mercury sphygmomanometer blood pressure-measuring devices in Egypt
Authors: Ghareeb Soliman , Youssef Ghada , Ghareeb Haytham Soliman , El-Mageed Hazem Abd , Mesalm Muhammad H. , Talaat Remon , Eltawil Alaaeldin , Hasan Doaa M. , Ibrahim M. Mohsen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHypertension (HTN) is a common health problem and a major cardiovascular risk factor. Accurate measurement of blood pressure (BP) is mandatory for proper diagnosis and follow-up. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of mercury sphygmomanometer BP-measuring devices in public hospitals in Cairo, Egypt. Fifty public hospitals were included, and 10% of all mercury sphygmomanometer devices in each hospital were tested. Assessment included physical condition (e.g., mercury status, lid of the device, state of the rubber tubes), leakage rate, and calibration accuracy (as compared with a reference device). Devices were approved as accurate when they could successfully pass all three assessment tests. The total number of sphygmomanometer devices was 465. The overall pass rate was 1.3% (six devices). Twenty-five (5.2%) devices passed all of the physical tests, 50 (10.8%) passed the leakage test, and 50 (16.5%) passed the calibration accuracy test. There were 162 (34.8%) devices that showed a high leakage rate (>80 mmHg) and thus were not tested for calibration accuracy. In conclusion, most of the mercury sphygmomanometer devices in hospitals are neglected and not checked regularly for any errors. A plan should be made to gradually replace those failed devices with new, validated, and well-calibrated devices, preferably devices that do not contain mercury.
A novel allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor ameliorates hyperdopaminergia endophenotypes in rodent models
Authors: Mielnik Catharine A. , Sugamori Kim S. , Finlay David B. , Thorpe Hayley H. A. , Schapira Matthieu , Sivananthan Nirunthan , Li Chun Kit , Lam Vincent M. , Harrington Sean , Abdelrahman Mostafa H. , Trembleau Laurent A. , McIntyre Burnham W. , Khokhar Jibran Y. , Salahpour Ali , Ramsey Amy J. , Glass Michelle , Greig Iain R. , Ross Ruth A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system (eCBs) encompasses the endocannabinoids, their synthetic and degradative enzymes, and cannabinoid (CB) receptors. The eCBs mediates inhibition of neurotransmitter release and acts as a major homeostatic system. Many aspects of the eCBs are altered in a number of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, which is characterized by dysregulation of dopaminergic signaling. The GluN1-Knockdown (GluN1KD) and Dopamine Transporter Knockout (DATKO) mice are models of hyperdopaminergia, which display abnormal psychosis-related behaviors, including hyperlocomotion and changes in pre-pulse inhibition (PPI). Here, we investigate the ability of a novel CB1 receptor (CB1R) allosteric modulator, ABM300, to ameliorate these dysregulated behaviors. ABM300 was characterized in vitro (receptor binding, β-arrestin2 recruitment, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cAMP inhibition) and in vivo (anxiety-like behaviors, cannabimimetic effects, novel environment exploratory behavior, pre-pulse inhibition, conditioned avoidance response) to assess the effects of the compound in dysregulated behaviors within the transgenic models. In vitro, ABM300 increased CB1R agonist binding but acted as an inhibitor of CB1R agonist induced signaling, including β-arrestin2 translocation, ERK phosphorylation and cAMP inhibition. In vivo, ABM300 did not elicit anxiogenic-like or cannabimimetic effects, but it decreased novelty-induced hyperactivity, exaggerated stereotypy, and vertical exploration in both transgenic models of hyperdopaminergia, as well as normalizing PPI in DATKO mice. The data demonstrate for the first time that a CB1R allosteric modulator ameliorates the behavioral deficits in two models of increased dopamine, warranting further investigation as a potential therapeutic target in psychiatry.
Learning molecular dynamics with simple language model built upon long short-term memory neural network
Authors: Tsai Sun-Ting , Kuo En-Jui , Tiwary Pratyush 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecurrent neural networks have led to breakthroughs in natural language processing and speech recognition. Here we show that recurrent networks, specifically long short-term memory networks can also capture the temporal evolution of chemical/biophysical trajectories. Our character-level language model learns a probabilistic model of 1-dimensional stochastic trajectories generated from higher-dimensional dynamics. The model captures Boltzmann statistics and also reproduces kinetics across a spectrum of timescales. We demonstrate how training the long short-term memory network is equivalent to learning a path entropy, and that its embedding layer, instead of representing contextual meaning of characters, here exhibits a nontrivial connectivity between different metastable states in the underlying physical system. We demonstrate our model’s reliability through different benchmark systems and a force spectroscopy trajectory for multi-state riboswitch. We anticipate that our work represents a stepping stone in the understanding and use of recurrent neural networks for understanding the dynamics of complex stochastic molecular systems.
Rice immune sensor XA21 differentially enhances plant growth and survival under distinct levels of drought
Authors: Shamsunnaher  , Chen Xiuhua , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Wu Xiao-Xia , Huang Xiaoen , Song Wen-Yuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDrought is a complex stress that limits plant growth and crop production worldwide. The mechanisms by which plants coordinately respond to distinct levels of water deficits (e.g., mild, moderate or severe drought) remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that the rice immune sensor XA21 promotes survival of rice seedlings during dehydration stress. XA21 expression increases deposition of lignin and cellulose in the xylem vessels and their surrounding cells. Inhibition of aquaporin water channels by mercuric chloride eliminates XA21-mediated dehydration survival, suggesting that XA21 enables plant survival during drought, probably by protecting xylem functionality. In contrast to prevailing observations of stress tolerance genes, XA21 is also capable of enhancing rice growth during moderate drought. Thus, XA21 acts as a mediator for stress protection and plant growth under water-limiting conditions.
Effect of biochar on rice starch properties and starch-related gene expression and enzyme activities
Authors: Gong Diankai , Xu Ximing , Wu Li’an , Dai Guijin , Zheng Wenjing , Xu Zhengjin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe determined the effects of biochar on starch properties and the activities of enzymes and expression levels of genes related to starch in two Japonica rice cultivars. The two rice varieties were subjected to five biochar treatments (0, control; and 5, 10, 20, and 40 t/hm2). In both rice varieties, the content of apparent amylose and resistant starch were lower in biochar treatments than in the control. The proportion of fa chains was higher and that of fb3 chain was lower in the biochar treatments than in the control. Starch viscosity and cooking taste quality were improved by the biochar treatments. In both rice varieties, the activity of granule-bound starch synthase was significantly decreased by biochar treatments, and the activities of soluble starch synthase, starch branching enzyme, and starch debranching enzyme were significantly increased. The transcript levels of genes encoding starch synthases and starch branching enzymes were significantly increased by biochar treatments. We conclude that biochar at a dose of 5–10 t/hm2 can regulate the activity of starch-related enzymes, and this affects the type, content, and fine structure of starch. Therefore, the addition of biochar to soil can improve the viscosity and taste quality of rice starch.
Dose-response-relationship of stabilisation exercises in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-regression
Authors: Mueller Juliane , Niederer Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStabilization exercise (SE) is evident for the management of chronic non-specific low back pain (LBP). The optimal dose-response-relationship for the utmost treatment success is, thus, still unknown. The purpose is to systematically review the dose-response-relationship of stabilisation exercises on pain and disability in patients with chronic non-specific LBP. A systematic review with meta-regression was conducted (Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane). Eligibility criteria were RCTs on patients with chronic non-specific LBP, written in English/German and adopting a longitudinal core-specific/stabilising/motor control exercise intervention with at least one outcome for pain intensity and/or disability. Meta-regressions (dependent variable = effect sizes (Cohens d) of the interventions (for pain and for disability), independent variable = training characteristics (duration, frequency, time per session)), and controlled for (low) study quality (PEDro) and (low) sample sizes (n) were conducted to reveal the optimal dose required for therapy success. From the 3,415 studies initially selected, 50 studies (n = 2,786 LBP patients) were included. N = 1,239 patients received SE. Training duration was 7.0 ± 3.3 weeks, training frequency was 3.1 ± 1.8 sessions per week with a mean training time of 44.6 ± 18.0 min per session. The meta-regressions’ mean effect size was d = 1.80 (pain) and d = 1.70 (disability). Total R2 was 0.445 and 0.17. Moderate quality evidence (R2 = 0.231) revealed that a training duration of 20 to 30 min elicited the largest effect (both in pain and disability, logarithmic association). Low quality evidence (R2 = 0.125) revealed that training 3 to 5 times per week led to the largest effect of SE in patients with chronic non-specific LBP (inverted U-shaped association). In patients with non-specific chronic LBP, stabilization exercise with a training frequency of 3 to 5 times per week (Grade C) and a training time of 20 to 30 min per session (Grade A) elicited the largest effect on pain and disability.
Enhanced CO evolution for photocatalytic conversion of CO2 by H2O over Ca modified Ga2O3
Authors: Pang Rui , Teramura Kentaro , Morishita Masashige , Asakura Hiroyuki , Hosokawa Saburo , Tanaka Tsunehiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis is a desirable critical technology for the conversion of CO2 and H2O, which are abundant raw materials, into fuels and chemical feedstocks. Similar to plant photosynthesis, artificial photosynthesis can produce CO, CH3OH, CH4, and preferably higher hydrocarbons from CO2 using H2O as an electron donor and solar light. At present, only insufficient amounts of CO2-reduction products such as CO, CH3OH, and CH4 have been obtained using such a photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical conversion process. Here, we demonstrate that photocatalytic CO2 conversion with a Ag@Cr-decorated mixture of CaGa4O7-loaded Ga2O3 and the CaO photocatalyst leads to a satisfactory CO formation rate (>835 µmol h−1) and excellent selectivity toward CO evolution (95%), with O2 as the stoichiometric oxidation product of H2O. Our photocatalytic system can convert CO2 gas into CO at >1% CO2 conversion (>11531 ppm CO) at ambient temperatures and pressures.
Parametric dependence of hot electron relaxation timescales on electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction strengths
Authors: Wilson Richard B. , Coh Sinisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how photoexcited electron dynamics depend on electron-electron (e-e) and electron-phonon (e-p) interaction strengths is important for many fields, e.g. ultrafast magnetism, photocatalysis, plasmonics, and others. Here, we report simple expressions that capture the interplay of e-e and e-p interactions on electron distribution relaxation times. We observe a dependence of the dynamics on e-e and e-p interaction strengths that is universal to most metals and is also counterintuitive. While only e-p interactions reduce the total energy stored by excited electrons, the time for energy to leave the electronic subsystem also depends on e-e interaction strengths because e-e interactions increase the number of electrons emitting phonons. The effect of e-e interactions on energy-relaxation is largest in metals with strong e-p interactions. Finally, the time high energy electron states remain occupied depends only on the strength of e-e interactions, even if e-p scattering rates are much greater than e-e scattering rates.
LINC00636 promotes lymph node metastasis and cervical cancer through targeting NM23
Authors: Zhong Yue , Lu Qiang , Qiu Wei , Luo Yan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Metastasis is a major obstacle in treatment of cervical cancer, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) mediated regulatory effect on associated genes expression is found to be involved in metastasis. However, its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.
Materials and methods: Specimens from patients with cervical cancer metastasis and non-metastasis were used to screen out candidate non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and possible downstream targets. And then, effects were determined in vitro and in vivo through knockdown and overexpression techniques.
Results: LINC00636 was significantly higher in serum and solid tumor cells of metastatic cervical cancer patients than non-metastatic patients. And knockdown of LINC00636 significantly suppressed invasion, proliferation of cervical cancer cells. NM23 expression was negatively regulated by LINC00636 and it mediated anti-tumor effects was partially blocked by overexpression of LINC00636.
Conclusion: LINC00636 might promote metastasis of cervical cancer cells through inhibiting NM23 expression.
Enhancer RNA: biogenesis, function, and regulation
Authors: Ye Rong , Cao Changchang , Xue Yuanchao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Enhancers are noncoding DNA elements that are present upstream or downstream of a gene to control its spatial and temporal expression. Specific histone modifications, such as monomethylation on histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1) and H3K27ac, have been widely used to assign enhancer regions in mammalian genomes. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests that active enhancers are bidirectionally transcribed to produce enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). This finding not only adds a new reliable feature to define enhancers but also raises a fundamental question of how eRNAs function to activate transcription. Although some believe that eRNAs are merely transcriptional byproducts, many studies have demonstrated that eRNAs execute crucial tasks in regulating chromatin conformation and transcription activation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of eRNAs from their biogenesis, functions, and regulation to their pathological significance. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and possible mechanisms of eRNAs in regulated transcription.