bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term increase of insulin secretion in mice subjected to pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Vicente Julia Modesto , Santos-Silva Junia Carolina , Teixeira Caio Jordão , de Souza Dailson Nogueira , Vettorazzi Jean Franciesco , Furtuoso Fabiola Sales , Adabo Isabel Gouveia , Sato Fabio Takeo , Vinolo Marco Aurélio Ramirez , Carneiro Everardo Magalhães , Bordin Silvana , Anhê Gabriel Forato 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
Observational studies show that longer breastfeeding periods reduce maternal risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it is currently unknown if the long-term benefits of breastfeeding for maternal glucose homeostasis are linked to changes in the endocrine pancreas.

Methods
We presently evaluated functional, morphological and molecular aspects of the endocrine pancreas of mice subjected to two sequential cycles of pregnancy and lactation (L21). Age-matched mice not allowed to breastfeed (L0) and virgin mice were used as controls.

Results
L21 mice exhibited increased tolerance and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by isolated islets. Pancreatic islets of L21 mice did not present evident morphological changes to justify the increased GSIS. On the other hand, islets of L21 mice exhibited a reduction in Cavb3 and Kir6.2 expression with concordant increased intracellular Ca2+ levels after challenge with glucose.

Conclusion
Altogether, the present findings show the breastfeeding exerts long-term benefits for maternal endocrine pancreas by increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels and GSIS.
Epigenetic Regulation of ABA-Induced Transcriptional Responses in Maize
Authors: Vendramin Stefania , Huang Ji , Crisp Peter A , Madzima Thelma F , McGinnis Karen M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Plants are subjected to extreme environmental conditions and must adapt rapidly. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates during abiotic stress, signaling transcriptional changes that trigger physiological responses. Epigenetic modifications often facilitate transcription, particularly at genes exhibiting temporal, tissue-specific and environmentally-induced expression. In maize (Zea mays), MEDIATOR OF PARAMUTATION 1 (MOP1) is required for progression of an RNA-dependent epigenetic pathway that regulates transcriptional silencing of loci genomewide. MOP1 function has been previously correlated with genomic regions adjoining particular types of transposable elements and genic regions, suggesting that this regulatory pathway functions to maintain distinct transcriptional activities within genomic spaces, and that loss of MOP1 may modify the responsiveness of some loci to other regulatory pathways. As critical regulators of gene expression, MOP1 and ABA pathways each regulate specific genes. To determine whether loss of MOP1 impacts ABA-responsive gene expression in maize, mop1-1 and Mop1 homozygous seedlings were subjected to exogenous ABA and RNA-sequencing. A total of 3,242 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in four pairwise comparisons. Overall, ABA-induced changes in gene expression were enhanced in mop1-1 homozygous plants. The highest number of DEGs were identified in ABA-induced mop1-1 mutants, including many transcription factors; this suggests combinatorial regulatory scenarios including direct and indirect transcriptional responses to genetic disruption (mop1-1) and/or stimulus-induction of a hierarchical, cascading network of responsive genes. Additionally, a modest increase in CHH methylation at putative MOP1-RdDM loci in response to ABA was observed in some genotypes, suggesting that epigenetic variation might influence environmentally-induced transcriptional responses in maize.
A NEW GOLDEN YELLOW SMALL-FLOWERED CYRTOCHILUM SPECIES (ORCHIDACEAE: ONCIDIINAE) FROM PERU
Authors: Dalström Stig , Trujillo Delsy 
Published: March 2020

A new golden yellow small-flowered species of Cyrtochilum is described and illustrated with a line drawing and photographs. It is compared with superficially similar species in the C. aureum complex, in which the new species differs by the lack of lacerate column wings typical for that group. It is distinguished from all other known small-flowered Cyrtochilum species by the golden yellow color in combination with the distinctly pandurate lip lamina where the front lobe is wider than the basal lobes combined.
Key Words: Ancash, Cyrtochilum, new species, Oncidiinae, Peru
New light on an old problem
Authors: Lewis Carenza , Waites Ian 
Published: March 2020

This paper uses new data from archaeological excavations to explore the effectiveness of the “Radburn” layout used in many post-war social housing estates in the UK, the name referring to a design modelled on Radburn in New Jersey in the United States. Their design aimed to provide healthy living environments for less-affluent families by fronting homes onto communal pedestrianized “greens”, enabling people to circulate and children to “play out” safely near their homes. However, many Radburn estates are now socially deprived and explanations for this have included suggestions that the Radburn plan was inappropriate to the wants and needs of resident families. Analysis of 20 small archaeological excavations carried out in 2016 by residents of a Radburn-type council estate in Lincolnshire recovered lost aspects of its heritage, including a large number of child-related items from sites on the communal greens. This suggests that the greens were indeed used as intended for children’s play, undermining suggestions that inappropriate design was a significant factor in the decline of estates such as this.

Open Access Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives: CC BY-NC-ND
Comprehensive Evaluation of Relapse Risk (CERR) Score for Colorectal Liver Metastases: Development and Validation
Authors: Chen Yijiao , Chang Wenju , Ren Li , Chen Jingwen , Tang Wentao , Liu Tianyu , Jian Mi , Liu Yu , Wei Ye , Xu Jianmin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The calculation of the tumor burden score (TBS) is not perfect because the bilobar spread of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is neglected. The identification of an ideal prognostic scoring system for CRLM remains controversial.

Materials and Methods
Patients who underwent curative intent liver resection for CRLM from one medical center were enrolled in cohort 1 (787 patients) and cohort 2 (162 patients). Tumor relapse-free survival (RFS) was the main outcome. A Cox regression model was used to identify independent predictors of prognosis. The time-dependent area under the curve, calibration curve, and C-index were employed to validate the predictive ability of the survival model.

Results
Modified TBS (mTBS) was established by a mathematical equation with parameters including CRLM size, CRLM number, and unilobar or bilobar metastasis. Five preoperative predictors of worse RFS were identified in cohort 1 and incorporated into the Comprehensive Evaluation of Relapse Risk (CERR) score: KRAS/NRAS/BRAF-mutated tumor (1 point); node-positive primary (1 point); extrahepatic disease (1 point); carcinoembryonic antigen level &gt; 200 ng/mL or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) &gt;200 U/mL (1 point); and mTBS between 5 and 11 (1 point) or 12 and over (2 points). Patients in cohort 1 were stratified by their CERR score into risk groups: the high-risk group (CERR score 4 or more), the medium-risk group (CERR score 2–3), and the low-risk group (CERR score 0–1). Importantly, internal validation in cohort 1 and further validation in cohort 2 both showed the superior discriminatory capacity of the CERR score.

Conclusion
mTBS should be promoted. The CERR score is a powerful prognostic tool that can help determine optimal clinical management strategies.

Implications for Practice
This work resulted in the successful modification of the tumor burden score and development of a comprehensive and practical prognostic scoring system—the Comprehensive Evaluation of Relapse Risk (CERR) score. The CERR score, with a better prognostic discriminatory ability, outperformed the Fong score. Perhaps more importantly, the CERR score is a powerful prognostic tool because it unified the most consistently reported prognostic factors. Therefore, the CERR score can assist doctors in determining optimal clinical management strategies.
Atributos ecológicos y de hábitat de las especies suculentas del área natural protegida monumento natural Yagul, Oaxaca, México
Authors: Luis-Martínez Jaime Cesar , Luna Cavazos Mario , Vibrans Heike , Flores-Cruz María 
Published: March 2020

Antecedentes: Las suculentas son especies características de ecosistemas secos. De los caracteres ambientales de sitio, las laderas, por ser áreas de escurrimiento tienden a estar más secas; allí se establecen suculentas de importancia ecológica.
Hipótesis: No existen diferencias en la composición florística y atributos ecológicos de suculentas, en laderas de distinta orientación del Monumento Natural Yagul.
Descripción de datos: densidad, cobertura y frecuencia; variables edáficas.
Sitio de estudio: Yagul, Tlacolula, Oaxaca a 1,600 m snm. Las coordenadas geográficas 16° 58’ 26” y 16° 55’ 56” Norte, 96° 28’ 17” y 96° 25’ 51” Oeste.
Métodos: Cálculo de valores de importancia. Mediante métodos multivariables, se comparó la semejanza florística entre laderas, y se evaluaron variables topográficas y edáficas relacionadas con la distribución de las especies.
Resultados: La riqueza florística de suculentas en Yagul, fue de 21 especies; las de mayor IVI fueron Opuntia pubescens presente en todas las orientaciones de ladera, Hechtia pringlei en la ladera norte, O. pilifera en la sur y Myrtillocactus schenckii en las laderas este y oeste. Las laderas del norte presentaron la mayor diferencia florística respecto al resto. Las variables edáficas más importantes, para la distribución de poblaciones, fueron el contenido de materia orgánica y el fósforo.
Conclusiones: Existe diferencia en la composición florística entre laderas; los sitios de la ladera norte, tiene la menor riqueza y se diferencian del resto. Los sitios de la ladera sur tienen mayor contenido de materia orgánica y fósforo, que favorece especies como Stenocereus treleasei y S . stellatus .
Brace yourselves: esports is coming
Authors: Kemp Chadley , Pienaar Paula , Rae Dale 
Published: March 2020

Background: Competitive gaming (or esports) is an emerging phenomenon with a field of over 454 million fans globally. Despite its tremendous popularity and commercial support, esports is not widely understood. It is also disregarded as a reputable or credible form of competition. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) contends that esports may be considered a sporting activity, but this is limited to the basis of its sedentary nature and poor governance.
Discussion: These authors present evidence to inform and clarify misconceptions surrounding esports among the broader scientific community. They also encourage researchers to engage in further work into the phenomenon of competitive gaming with regard to health and performance, resulting in a better understanding of esports and guiding its development as a credible, competitive entity.
COUNTERACTION TO INVESTIGATION AND WAYS TO ITS OVERCOMING
Authors: Trofimovs Igors 
Published: March 2020

The problem of counteraction to investigation has recently gained particular topicality. . This is due to the fact that the activities of organized criminality are gaining and larger range, an essential reason of which, in its turn, are the processes of the personnel corruptibility of the power structures and law enforcement institutions.The basis of the people’s lifestyle of the adherent to the criminal environment is to put obstacles in the way of law enforcement institutions in general; and during their lifetime, because of specific mentality, criminals always and willingly put into practice various forms and methods of counteractions. As investigative practice shows, counteraction to investigation may go on during the lifetime of the counteraction performer; it may begin also in the preparation phase of a crime, or may begin or continue during investigation, trial, and even during the time of serving sentence.The purpose of this study is to clarify the essence of the counteraction concept to investigation.As a result of the study and based on the theoretical knowledge, the most important conclusion has been drawn, namely: the counteraction to investigation is an action or inaction executed on premeditated purpose to hinder or even to stop the full, objective and comprehensive clarification of the offense circumstances by the investigating authorities and courts. In the course of the study, the problems were also identified, and the means and methods of overcoming the counteraction to investigation were offered.The prevention of counteraction to investigations, identification of its motives, forecasting of counteraction forms and methods of its implementation both – at the initial period of the investigation and during the implementation of investigation activities are a part of the necessary provisions for successful neutralization of counteraction, for unmasking of counteraction performers’ activities. It is also a compulsory provision for objective, detailed and complete clarifications of all circumstances of offence, providing in this way a fair punishment for guilty persons.The application of countermeasures requires an understanding of the methods and techniques used by law enforcement authorities in investigation of criminal networks. Insufficient prevention and overcoming of counteractions to investigations is one of the reasons of qualitative and quantitative aggravation of the performance parameters of law enforcement authorities.
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY AS ONE TYPE OF LEGAL LIABILITY
Authors: Matvejevs Aleksandrs 
Published: March 2020

Currently, the issue of administrative responsibility seems to be very relevant and requiring additional scientific research, since the norms of administrative responsibility systematically undergo a number of changes. And this is right, because the changes in the regulations of administrative responsibility should consist of an analysis of legal relations’ dynamics at the present stage due to the fact that the legislation on administrative responsibility as one of the types of legal responsibility requires a unified approach to develop a clear scientific concept and improve it.
THE LAW AS VALUE
Authors: Baikovs Aleksandrs 
Published: March 2020

The paper deals with the category of “values”, the right as a value, and fundamental values of law; including freedom, justice, and equality are analyzed.The relevance of the research is determined not only by the apparent lack of exploration of the problem but also by the fact that the value of right and legal values determine direction and meaning, as well as the content of the rules of law, which is their normative expression, and, ultimately, appearing as a kind of basis for the legal culture, the source of the legal consciousness’s formation and establishing a legal order, ensuring the efficiency of legal regulations due to the using the embodiment in reality of freedom, justice, equality.Legal norms themselves acquire the importance of values and become the subject of evaluation. Among values themselves, which act as an ideal justification of the rules of law, the rules of law themselves and assessments, on the one hand, there are not only close ties but also mutual transitions. Therefore, both their interrelated explanations and differentiation are necessary.In this regard, the role and importance of rights and of the abovestated legal values, including the historically-legal aspect, their historical conditionality are disclosed, the semantic content and the importance in the establishment of the legitimacy regime are analyzed, the points of view expressed in the research literature on the nature of legal values, signs, hierarchy, the role in social and normative regulation are considered, the difference between value and the object of value or good is emphasized.
Surface-Wave Tomography of Eastern and Central Tibet from Two-Plane-Wave Inversion: Rayleigh-Wave and Love-Wave Phase Velocity Maps
Authors: Li Lun , Fu Yuanyuan V. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
An understanding of mantle dynamics occurring beneath the Tibetan plateau requires a detailed image of its seismic velocity and anisotropic structure. Surface waves at long periods (&gt;50  s) could provide such critical information. Though Rayleigh-wave phase velocity maps have been constructed in the Tibetan regions using ambient-noise tomography (ANT) and regional earthquake surface-wave tomography, Love-wave phase velocity maps, especially those at longer periods (&gt;50  s), are rare. In this study, two-plane-wave teleseismic surface-wave tomography is applied to develop 2D Rayleigh-wave and Love-wave phase velocity maps at periods between 20 and 143 s across eastern and central Tibet and its surroundings using four temporary broadband seismic experiments. These phase velocity maps share similar patterns and show high consistency with those previously obtained from ANT at overlapping periods (20–50 s), whereas our phase velocity maps carry useful information at longer periods (50–143 s). Prominent slow velocity is imaged at periods of 20–143 s beneath the interior of the Tibetan plateau (i.e., the Songpan–Ganzi terrane, the Qiangtang terrane, and the Lhasa terrane), implying the existence of thick Tibetan crust along with warm and weak Tibetan lithosphere. In contrast, the dispersal of fast velocity anomalies coincides with mechanically strong, cold tectonic blocks, such as the Sichuan basin and the Qaidam basin. These phase velocity maps could be used to construct 3D shear-wave velocity and radial seismic anisotropy models of the crust and upper mantle down to 250 km across the eastern and central Tibetan plateau.
Toward Simultaneous Determination of Bulk Crustal Properties Using Virtual Deep Seismic Sounding
Authors: Chen Qing , Chen Wang-Ping 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTWe augment the method of virtual deep seismic sounding (VDSS) by adding the phases Sp, the SV-P conversion across the Moho, to determine the average speed of the S wave (VS) in the crust. VDSS uses the strong SV-P conversion below the free surface from teleseismic earthquakes as a virtual source for wide-angle reflections of the P wave. The large signal generated by the virtual source is the strongest aspect of VDSS in which no stacking is necessary to build up the signal. Previous work used the large moveout of the wide-angle reflection, phase SsPmp, relative to the direct S-wave arrival, phase Ss, to minimize the trade-off between bulk P-wave speed (VP) and thickness of the crust (H). It is then straightforward to use the timing of the phase Sp to constrain VS. As examples, we show that this method works for data from both temporary and permanent seismic deployments in contrasting tectonic settings. Specifically, VS under station FORT in western Australia and H1620 in central Tibet are 3.77±0.08 and 3.42±0.11  km/s, respectively. This development complements the undertaking of using information from only the S-wave train to extract all three seismic parameters of the bulk crust, VP, VS, and H. These parameters are important for constraining overall silica content of the crust.
Socio demographic profile of glaucoma patients and barriers to treatment compliance
Authors: Singh Luxmi , Sharma Akansha , Chaturvedi Ashutosh 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to assess the economic burden of long term glaucoma therapy on chronic glaucoma patients with the objectives to inquire regarding socio-economic status of the glaucoma patients; the number, cost and duration of use of glaucoma medications by these patients and compliance to treatment. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at our tertiary care centre where 100 consecutive patients on medical therapy, following up at our glaucoma service for atleast 6 months were recruited. The patients had been diagnosed as glaucoma, following slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination using +90 D lens, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, and perimetry (Humphrey Field Analyzer). A total of 55 (55%) patients were compliant to glaucoma medication. On evaluating the association of compliance with different sociodemographic factors higher cost of medication (&#62;Rs 1000), Lower Middle/Lower socioeconomic status and Hindus were found to be significantly associated with low compliance. Simplification of the treatment regimen and tailoring it to the patient’s routine are a must. Follow-up visit reminders with proper tracking of patients must be taken care of.
Association of risk factors with the severity of primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Tadwalkar Archana , Karandikar Sumita , Mehta Pooja , Arora Sandeep 
Published: March 2020

To study the associations of risk factors with the severity of primary open angle glaucoma. A total of 98 patients were enrolled in the study as per the inclusion criteria. A complete ophthalmologic examination including a medical history review, best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination and visual field assessment with Carl Zeiss Perimeter was done. 98 patients were studied. The mean age of the patients was 60 ± 10.3 years. There were 49% males and 51% females. Out of the participants, 22% had mild glaucoma, 37% had moderate glaucoma and 41% had severe glaucoma. Age was associated with 56% increase in likelihood of severe glaucoma per decade compared to mild disease. Myopia was seen in 60% of patients from the severe glaucoma group. Hypertension was seen in 49% of the participants. Diabetes was seen in 27%. Family history of 7% was noted. Hypothyroid was seen in 6% of the patients. In out study, we found that advancing age; myopia; hypertension and hypothyroid had a correlation with POAG. However, the association of diabetes with POAG did not have a reliable conclusion.
Comparative study of meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye in post-cataract surgery patients treated with topical dexamethasone-moxifloxacin versus topical prednisolone-moxifloxacin combination eye drops
Authors: Bhargav Sonia , Arora Tarun 
Published: March 2020

Postoperative dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is common cause of morbidity. Its cause is still elusive and probably multifactorial. Various studies in the past have thrown some light on its mechanism but still we are not able to prevent its occurrence. Till date no study has analyzed the role of topical steroid as one of the factors influencing postoperative MGD and dry eye. The aim of this study was to compare the symptoms and signs of MGD and dry eye in post-cataract surgery patients treated with topical dexamethasone-moxifloxacin versus topical prednisolone-moxifloxacin combination eye drops. Seventy eyes of seventy patients of senile cataract who had no dry eye signs preoperatively, and had undergone uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery were selected. The patients were divided randomly into two study groups – Group 1 patients were started on dexamethasone sodium phosphate -moxifloxacin hydrochloride and Group 2 patients were started on prednisolone acetate – moxifloxacin hydrochloride combination eye drops postoperatively in a tapering dose for 6 weeks. The data collected by scoring of clinical dry eye signs (corneal staining, TBUT, Schirmer test I and meibomian gland dysfunction assessed by meibum expressibility and meibum quality score) and symptoms scoring by SPEED II questionnaire. The study was done in both the groups preoperatively and at 1 week, 4 weeks and 8 weeks postoperatively. Both the groups were compared using independent paired t- test and Mann – Whitney test. The mean values of SPEED II, TBUT, corneal staining, meibomian gland expressibility, meibum quality were statistically significantly higher in all followup visits (at 1week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks) in group 2 as compared to group 1.(p&#60;.001). Post cataract surgery patients treated with dexamethasone – moxifloxacin eye drops had statistically significantly lesser symptoms and signs of dry eye and MGD as compared to patients treated with prednisolone-moxifloxacin combination eye drops.