bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated CO2 affects kelp nutrient quality: A case study of Saccharina japonica from CO2‐enriched coastal mesocosm systems
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Xu Dong , Han Wentao , Wang Yitao , Fan Xiao , Loladze Irakli , Gao Guang , Zhang Yan , Tong Shanying , Ye Naihao 
Published: November 2020

Kelps provide critical services for coastal food chains and ecosystem, and they are important food source for some segments of human population. Despite their ecological importance, little is known about long‐term impacts of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on nutrient metabolites in kelps and the underlying regulation mechanisms. In this study, the kelp Saccharina japonica was cultured in CO2‐enriched coastal mesocosm systems for up to 3 months. We found that, although eCO2 significantly increased the growth rate, carbon concentrations, and C/N ratio of S. japonica, and it had no effect on total nitrogen and protein contents at the end of cultivation period. Meanwhile, it decreased the lipid, magnesium, sodium, and calcium content and changed the amino acid and fatty acid composition. Combining the genome‐wide transcriptomic and metabolic evidence, we obtained a system‐level understanding of metabolic response of S. japonica to eCO2. The unique ornithine–urea cycle (OUC) and aspartate‐argininosuccinate shunt (AAS), coupled with TCA cycle, balanced the carbon and nitrogen metabolism under eCO2 by providing carbon skeleton for amino acid synthesis and reduced power for nitrogen assimilation. This research provides a major advance in the understanding of kelp nutrient metabolic mechanism in the context of global climate change, and such CO2‐induced shifts in nutritional value may induce changes in the structure and stability of marine trophic webs and affect the quality of human nutrition resources.
Evaluation of serum high‐mobility group box 1 concentration in dogs with epilepsy: A case‐control study
Authors: Koo Yoonhoi , Kim Hakhyun , Yun Taesik , Jung Dong‐In , Kang Ji‐Houn , Chang Dongwoo , Na Ki‐Jeong , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a key mediator of neuroinflammation and there are increased HMGB1 levels in laboratory animal models of epilepsy and human patients with epilepsy.ObjectivesTo determine serum HMGB1 levels in dogs with epilepsy.AnimalsTwenty‐eight epileptic dogs, 12 dogs with nonepileptic brain diseases, and 26 healthy dogs.MethodsIn this case‐control study, serum HMGB1 concentrations were estimated using the canine‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit. Diagnosis of dogs with epilepsy was based on medical history, physical and neurological examination findings, laboratory test results, magnetic resonance image, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.ResultsSerum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in epileptic dogs (median = 0.41 ng/mL; range, 0.03‐5.28) than in healthy dogs (median = 0.12 ng/mL; range, 0.02‐1.45; P = .002). In contrast, serum HMGB1 levels of dogs with non‐epileptic brain diseases (median = 0.19 ng/mL; range, 0.03‐1.04) were not significantly increased compared to those of healthy dogs (P = .12). Regarding idiopathic epilepsy, dogs with an epilepsy course of >3 months showed a higher serum HMGB1 concentration (median = 0.87 ng/mL; range, 0.42‐2.88) than those with that of ≤3 months (median = 0.26 ng/mL; range, 0.03‐0.88; P = .02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerum HMGB1 could be a biomarker of epilepsy.
Exploring patients’ and physicians’ perspectives about competent health advocacy
Authors: LaDonna Kori A. , Watling Christopher J. , Cristancho Sayra M. , Burm Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionMany residency programmes struggle to demonstrate how they prepare trainees to become competent health advocates. To meaningfully teach and assess it, we first need to understand what ‘competent’ health advocacy (HA) is and what competently enacting it requires. Attempts at clarifying HA have largely centred around the perspectives of consultant physicians and trainees. Without patients’ perspectives, we risk training learners to advocate in ways that may be misaligned with patients’ needs and goals. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to generate a multi‐perspective understanding about the meaning of competence for the HA role.MethodsWe used constructivist grounded theory to explore patients’ and physicians’ perspectives about competent health advocacy. Data were collected using photo elicitation; patients (n = 10) and physicians (n = 14) took photographs depicting health advocacy that were used to inform semi‐structured interviews. Themes were identified using constant comparative analysis.ResultsPhysician participants associated HA with disruption or political activism, suggesting that competence hinged on medical and systems expertise, a conducive learning environment, and personal and professional characteristics including experience, status and political savvy. Patient participants, however, equated physician advocacy with patient centredness, perceiving that competent HAs are empathetic and attentive listeners. In contrast to patients, few physicians identified as advocates, raising questions about their ability to train or to thoughtfully assess learners’ abilities.ConclusionFew participants perceived HA as a fundamental physician role—at least not as it is currently defined in curricular frameworks. Misperceptions that HA is primarily disruptive may be the root cause of the HA problem; solving it may rely on focusing training on bolstering skills like empathy and listening not typically associated with the HA role. Since there may be no competency where the patient voice is more critical, we need to explore opportunities for patients to facilitate learning for the HA role.
Mild obesity does not affect the forearm muscle microvascular responses to hyperglycemia
Authors: Soares Rogério Nogueira , Reimer Raylene A. , Doyle‐Baker Patricia K. , Murias Juan M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionMild obesity has been associated with postprandial brachial artery vascular dysfunction. However, direct assessment of these effects within the forearm skeletal muscle microcirculation remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of mild obesity on the arm micro‐ and macrovascular responses to glucose ingestion.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study combined NIRS assessments of forearm skeletal muscle (FDS) reactivity (reperfusion slope) with %FMD of conduit artery function (brachial artery) before (Pre), as well as 60 and 120 min after glucose ingestion in 10 lean (BMI 23.9 ± 1.8) and 10 obese (BMI 32.9 ± 1.9) individuals.ResultsBoth groups showed a significant increase in the reperfusion slope at 60 and 120 min after glucose ingestion compared with the pre–glucose ingestion measurements. Obese individuals showed a significant (p < .05) reduction in %FMD at 60 min after glucose ingestion, while no significant changes in postprandial %FMD were observed in lean participants.ConclusionEven though obese individuals showed impaired postprandial brachial artery function, the current findings suggest that mild obesity does not affect the forearm skeletal muscle responses to glucose ingestion.
Knowledge of patient observation among critical care nurses
Authors: Alastalo Mika , Salminen Leena , Vahlberg Tero , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical observations made by critical care nurses are vital for maintaining patient safety and making appropriate decisions in the care of patients who are critically ill. Evaluating the reliability of observations and applying analytical thinking are essential elements of patient observation. Previous studies of critical care nurses' knowledge have focused either on specific aspects of patient observation or on critical care nursing in general; therefore, the findings are not comprehensive.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate critical care nurses' level of knowledge in patient observation and to explore the factors that are associated with it.Study designA cross‐sectional knowledge test survey with critical care nurses in Finland was used.MethodsData were collected in seven adult intensive care units in all five university hospitals in Finland between September 2017 and January 2018 by using a knowledge test (20 items) developed for this study. All critical care nurses were eligible to participate. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsAltogether, 372 nurses responded (response rate 49%). Their average scores in the knowledge test were 77% (mean 15.29/20, SD 2.41) for correct answers, 75% (mean 8.2/11, SD 1.54) in the sum‐variable “Evaluating the reliability of observation” and 79% (mean 7.08, SD 1.45) for “Analytical thinking.” A higher knowledge level was associated with education in special tasks in an intensive care unit.ConclusionThe critical care nurses' knowledge level was considered to be suboptimal. There is a need for improving knowledge of patient observation among Finnish critical care nurses to ensure safe and good quality care.Relevance to clinical practiceFinnish critical care nurses' knowledge of patient observation could be improved by providing specific continuing education for new nurses entering intensive care units and for experienced critical care nurses throughout their career.
Rare Occurrence of Acute Hematogenous Periprosthetic Joint Infection Due to Fusobacterium Nucleatum in the Background of a Dental Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Shi Teng‐bin , Fang Xin‐yu , Wang Chao‐xin , Cai Yuan‐qing , Li Wen‐bo , Zhang Wen‐ming 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveFusobacterium nucleatum is an anaerobic gram‐negative bacilli that is one of the oral and other mucosal surface microbiota. It involves a wide range of human diseases and was first found in periodontal diseases, but reports of bone‐related infections caused by F. nucleatum are rare, especially periprosthetic joint infections (PJI).MethodsHere, we present the first case of acute hematogenous PJI of the hip joint caused by F. nucleatum, and debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) was performed.ResultsThe patient was successfully treated with DAIR, identification of isolates by metagenomics next‐generation sequencing was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.ConclusionsFor stable acute hematogenous PJI after hip replacement, quick and accurate diagnosis, the identification of pathogenic microorganisms, and the use of DAIR combined with sufficient sensitive antibiotics have a certain clinical effect and can achieve the purpose of both preserving the prosthesis and infection control.
Challenging the status quo of scientific presentations
Authors: Chatterjee Debnath , Yaster Myron , Lockman Justin L. , Glass Nancy L. , Schreiner Mark S. , Sinskey Jina L. , Fiadjoe John E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScientific presentations, usually given with slide presentation software such as PowerPoint™, are the most common method for disseminating knowledge to students and peers. Unfortunately, many are boring, text‐heavy, and bullet point–riddled data dumps, with animations or cartoons that obscure or distract rather than clarify the message. These presentations, which we have all sat through and/or delivered, are often so dull that they are referred to as “death by PowerPoint™.” In this paper, the authors intend to impart basic techniques for organizing and communicating information in the most effective, engaging, and actionable ways possible. We focus on three processes: generating ideas and outlining a talk, creating visually appealing uncluttered slides, and delivering an inspiring, practice‐changing presentation. We also discuss considerations for a virtual presentation. We believe that even experienced speakers could benefit from reflecting on these recommendations and editing their slide presentations for clarity and simplicity.
Dying by drying: Timing of physiological stress thresholds related to tree death is not significantly altered by highly elevated CO2
Authors: Gattmann Marielle , Birami Benjamin , Nadal Sala Daniel , Ruehr Nadine Katrin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrought‐induced tree mortality is expected to occur more frequently under predicted climate change. However, the extent of a possibly mitigating effect of simultaneously rising atmospheric [CO2] on stress thresholds leading to tree death is not fully understood, yet. Here, we studied the drought response, the time until critical stress thresholds were reached and mortality occurrence of Pinus halepensis (Miller). In order to observe a large potential benefit from eCO2, the seedlings were grown with ample of water and nutrient supply under either highly elevated [CO2] (eCO2, c. 936 ppm) or ambient (aCO2, c. 407 ppm) during 2 years. The subsequent exposure to a fast or a slow lethal drought was monitored using whole‐tree gas exchange chambers, measured leaf water potential and non‐structural carbohydrates. Using logistic regressions to derive probabilities for physiological parameters to reach critical drought stress thresholds, indicated a longer period for halving needle starch storage under eCO2 than aCO2. Stomatal closure, turgor loss, the duration until the daily tree C balance turned negative, leaf water potential at thresholds and time‐of‐death were unaffected by eCO2. Overall, our study provides for the first‐time insights into the chronological interplay of physiological drought thresholds under long‐term acclimation to elevated [CO2].
Phosphatase OsPP2C27 directly dephosphorylates OsMAPK3 and OsbHLH002 to negatively regulate cold tolerance in rice
Authors: Xia Changxuan , Gong Yanshan , Chong Kang , Xu Yunyuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImproving chilling tolerance is a major target of rice breeding. The OsMAPK3–OsbHLH002–OsTPP1 signalling pathway enhances chilling tolerance in rice: the kinase is activated by cold stress, and subsequently the transcription factor is phosphorylated by the activated kinase, triggering the expression of cold response genes. However, it is largely unknown how this pathway is suppressed in time to avoid it being in a continuously activated state. We found that a novel type 2C protein phosphatase, OsPP2C27, functions as a negative regulator of the OsMAPK3–OsbHLH002–OsTPP1 pathway. A dynamic change in OsMAPK3 activity was found during cold treatment. We show that OsPP2C27 interacts physically with and dephosphorylates OsMAPK3 in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, OsPP2C27 can also directly dephosphorylate OsbHLH002, the target of OsMAPK3. After cold treatment, survival rates were higher in OsPP2C27‐RNAi lines and a T‐DNA insertion mutant, and lower in OsPP2C27‐overexpression lines, compared to wild type. Moreover, expression of the OsTPP1 and OsDREBs were increased in OsPP2C27‐RNAi lines and decreased in OsPP2C27‐overexpression lines. These results indicate that cold‐induced OsPP2C27 negatively regulates the OsMAPK3–OsbHLH002–OsTPP1 signalling pathway by directly dephosphorylating both phospho‐OsMAPK3 and phospho‐OsbHLH002, preventing the sustained activation of a positive pathway for cold stress and maintaining normal growth under chilling conditions.
Antibacterial Photoactivity and Thermal Stability of Tetra‐cationic Porphyrins Immobilized on Cellulosic Fabrics
Authors: Fayyaz Fatemeh , Rassa Mehdi , Rahimi Rahmatollah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe thermal stability and photo‐bactericidal effect of several tetra‐cationic porphyrins and their zinc ion compounds immobilized onto cellulosic fabrics against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli were investigated and compared using a 100 W tungsten lamp. Immobilization of various concentrations of these photosensitizers onto cellulosic fabrics was carried out and characterized by ATR‐FT‐IR, DRS, TGA, and SEM. Applied cellulosic fabrics with the photosensitizers exhibited remarkable photo‐stability, thermal stability, and antimicrobial activity against these studied strains.
Insights for temporomandibular disorders management: From psychosocial factors to genetics—A case report
Authors: Braga Samilla Pontes , Fiamengui Lívia Maria Sales Pinto , da Silveira Virgínia Régia Souza , Chaves Hellíada Vasconcelos , Furquim Bruno D'Aurea , Cunha Carolina Ortigosa , Repeke Carlos Eduardo Palanch , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThis case report aimed to discuss the multifactorial etiology and also the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) by addressing important associated psychosocial and biological factors, emphasizing the interaction between these factors and a probable genetic predisposition.Methods and resultsA 21‐year‐old female patient was evaluated according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD and diagnosed with arthralgia, myofascial pain, disc displacement without reduction, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) degenerative disease. TMJ alterations were confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging and cone‐beam computed tomography. Pressure pain threshold of masticatory structures was evaluated using a pressure algometer. Sleep bruxism, poor sleep quality, migraine with aura, mild anxiety, and history of facial trauma were also identified through anamnesis and clinical examination. Following this, genetic analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) already associated with TMD: SNP COMT Val158Met (rs4680), MMP1‐1607 (rs1799750), and tumor necrosis factor alpha‐308 (rs1800629), which were all present. A personalized treatment for TMD management was performed, and it included self‐management programs, occlusal appliance therapy, pharmacotherapy, anxiety management, and stress control. An 8‐year follow‐up demonstrated long‐term stabilization of TMJ degenerative disease.ConclusionGenetic evaluation, added to anamnesis and clinical examination, could be useful for TMD prognosis and management.
An explanation of the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases in immuno‐compromised individuals
Authors: Roe Kevin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSome pathogen infections and immune system deficiencies have been linked to a few autoimmune diseases. However, the pathogenesis of most autoimmune diseases is unknown. An explanatory hypothesis for the pathogenesis of infection‐initiated autoimmune diseases is provided. Virulent pathogen infections create extensive pathogen antigens that frequently require antibodies. These antibodies create extensive antigen‐antibody immune complexes, which some immuno‐compromised individuals will not adequately eliminate. This will cause inflammatory type III hypersensitivity symptoms, including protease releases that destroy epithelium, mesothelium and endothelium basement membranes, express new immunogenic antigens from previously sequestered basement membrane constituents, and ultimately induce new autoantibodies. This can continue after the infection ends, if the first wave of protease attacks on basement membranes induces new autoantibodies that cause new uncleared antigen‐antibody immune complexes and type III hypersensitivity reactions. The secreted proteases and other enzymes will have preferred substrates and these proteases or other enzymes by themselves, or by their processed protein substrates, can express immunogenic antigens that induce new autoantibodies and initiate various autoimmune diseases. In summary, several autoimmune diseases can be initiated in immuno‐compromised individuals during extensive pathogen infections, if these individuals have two immune problems: (a) slow or weak initial immune responses that result in a reliance on antibodies and (b) an inability to eliminate the resulting antigen‐antibody immune complexes by phagocytosis. These two immune problems and the resulting immune system type III hypersensitivity reaction can explain the causation of several autoimmune diseases, including the most common and the rarest autoimmune diseases, both their differences and their similarities.
Beyond severe acute maternal morbidity: a mixed‐methods study on the long‐term consequences of (severe pre‐)eclampsia in rural Tanzania
Authors: Mooij R. , Kapanga R. R. , Mwampagatwa I. H. , Mgalega G. C. , van Dillen J. , Stekelenburg J. , de Kok B. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the long‐term (perceived) consequences of (severe pre‐)eclampsia in rural Tanzania.MethodsWomen were traced for this mixed‐methods study 6–7 years after the diagnosis of (severe pre‐)eclampsia. Demographic and obstetric characteristics were noted, and blood pressure was recorded. Questionnaires were used to assess physical and mental health. The qualitative part consisted of semi‐structured interviews (SSI). A reference group consisted of women without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.ResultsOf 74 patients, 25 (34%) were available for follow‐up, and 24 were included. Five (20%) had suffered from (pre‐)eclampsia twice. Hypertension was more common after (pre‐)eclampsia than in the reference group (29% vs. 13%). Thirteen women (56%) had feelings of anxiety and depression, compared to 30% in the reference group. In SSIs, experiences during the index pregnancy were explored, as well as body functions, reproductive life course and limitations in daily functioning, which were shown to be long‐lasting.ConclusionsWomen who suffered from (severe pre‐)eclampsia may experience long‐term sequelae, including hypertension, depression and anxiety. Women lack information about their condition, and some are worried to conceive again. To address their specific needs, a strategy along the continuum of care is needed for women following a complicated pregnancy, starting with a late postnatal care visit 6 weeks after giving birth.
Driving performance assessments for benzodiazepine receptor agonist–related impairment: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Murphy Andrea L. , Peltekian Sophie M. , Helwig Melissa , Macdonald Marilyn , Martin-Misener Ruth , Saini Bandana , Neyedli Heather , Giacomantonio Chris , Gardner David M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to identify, map, and characterize the evidence for assessments that measure driving performance in people taking benzodiazepine receptor agonists.

Introduction:
Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs are widely prescribed for the treatment of anxiety disorders and insomnia even though they are not recommended as an initial treatment for these indications. Benzodiazepine and Z-drug use is associated with an elevated risk of traffic accidents, and guidance documents instruct patients to consult with their health care providers for instructions on how to safely operate a motor vehicle while consuming these medications. However, little is known about the assessments that measure driving performance regarding the extent and length of impairment from the consumption of the individual benzodiazepines and Z-drugs.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies will include participants who are new, intermittent, or chronic users of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs. No exclusions will be applied regarding the health status of participants or whether their benzodiazepine and Z-drug use is for an approved indication as indicated by government agencies (eg, Health Canada) or practice guidelines. Studies that examine the consumption of a benzodiazepine and Z-drug in association with the operation of a motor vehicle (real or simulated) with direct or indirect objective or standard subjective measures or indicators of impairment while operating a motor vehicle will be considered.

Methods:
Embase (Elsevier), MEDLINE (Ovid), and PsycINFO (EBSCO) will be searched as sources of published studies. Only studies published in English will be included, and there will be no limit on dates of publication. After screening the titles and abstracts of identified citations, two independent reviewers will retrieve potentially relevant full-text studies and extract data. Data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form accompanied by a narrative summary.