bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life: Investigating the impact of two major mental disorders, anxiety and depression, in patients with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Papalamprou Marios , Georgakopoulos Constantine D , Pharmakakis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact on the quality of life of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in relation to common mental disorders, namely anxiety and depression, and determine specific factors (e.g., thoughts/feelings, sociodemographic characteristics) that may be used to refer such patients to psychiatrists. Materials–Methods: To classify the patients into different categories, regarding the development of the mental disorders under consideration, the “Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” (HADS) has been utilized. The main statistical methodologies applied are classification and regression trees (CART) techniques and logistic regression. For the purposes of the aforementioned statistical analysis, the R software package has been used. Results: Both depression and anxiety scores varied considerably across visual acuity (VA) severity. Patients with severe visual acuity problems tend to have also higher HADS scores. Women were more likely to be affected by depression; sociodemographic factors did not have any significant effect. According to the performed CART analysis, responses to two HADS items (namely, “I can enjoy a good book or radio or television program” and “I have lost interest in my appearance”) identified the vast majority of severely to moderately depressed patients. Furthermore, the level of VA severity was found as a main driver for diagnosing an AMD patient with depression. Conclusions: VA impairment (or decline) severity level was found to be the main factor associated with depression in patients with AMD. Moreover, specific thoughts/feelings present in patients with AMD have been found as significant regarding the level of their mental disorders under consideration and could be asked by the ophthalmologist to refer (or not) them to psychiatrists.
Headache complexity (number of symptom features) differentiates post-traumatic from non-traumatic headaches
Authors: Scher Ann I , McGinley James S , Wirth RJ , Lipton Richard B , Terrio Heidi , Brenner Lisa A , Cole Wesley R , Schwab Karen 
Published: November 2020

Background Post-traumatic headaches are a common sequela of mild traumatic brain injury (concussion). It is unclear whether or how these headaches differ phenotypically from primary headaches. Objective Determine whether there is an overarching unobserved latent trait that drives the expression of observed features of post-traumatic headache and other headaches. Methods Data from this post-hoc analysis come from the Warrior Strong Cohort Study conducted from 2010 through 2015. Approximately 25,000 soldiers were screened for concussion history at routine post-deployment health assessments. A random sample was invited to participate, enrolling 1567. Twelve observed headache phenotypic features were used to measure “headache complexity”, the latent trait of clinical interest, using single factor confirmatory factor analysis. We compared headache complexity between groups and determined whether headache complexity predicted accessing medical care for headache. Results Of 1094 soldiers with headaches, 198 were classified as having post-traumatic headache. These headaches were compared to those in the other soldiers (647 without concussion history and 249 with concussion history). Soldiers with post-traumatic headache had greater endorsement of all 12 headache features compared to the soldiers with non-concussive headaches. The confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit (χ2 (51) = 95.59, p = 0.0002, RMSEA = 0.03, comparative fit index = 0.99, and Tucker-Lewis index = 0.99), providing empirical support for the headache complexity construct. Soldier groups differed in their mean headache complexity level ( p < 0.001) such that post-traumatic headache soldiers had greater headache complexity compared to non-concussed soldiers (standardized mean difference = 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.72–1.09, p < 0.001 and to concussed soldiers with coincidental headaches standardized mean difference = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.53–0.96, p < 0.001). Increasing headache complexity predicted medical encounters for headache (odds ratio = 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.49–2.35, p < 0.001) and migraine (odds ratio = 3.74, 95% confidence interval: 2.33–5.98, p < 0.001) during the year following deployment. Conclusions and relevance: The current study provided support for a single latent trait, characterized by observed headache symptoms, that differentiates between concussive and non-concussive headaches and predicts use of medical care for headache. The single trait confirmatory factor analysis suggests that post-traumatic headaches differ from non-concussive headaches by severity more than kind, based on the symptoms assessed. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01847040
Federal Reserve Economic Data: A History
Authors: Mendez-Carbajo Diego , Podleski Genevieve M. 
Published: November 2020

This article describes the contributions of the Federal Reserve System to the production and distribution of economic data. First, we present a chronological account of those contributions. Next, we describe the origins and evolution of the data information services provided by the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) online database, its partnership with sources, and the profile of its users. Next, we review the data-related educational outreach efforts of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, presenting some evidence of their impact. A summary and several reflections on the future of economic data and education conclude the article. JEL Classifications: N22, E01, A20
The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Psychological Distress among Adolescents: Les Directives canadiennes en matière de mouvement sur 24 heures et la détresse psychologique chez les adolescents
Authors: Sampasa-Kanyinga Hugues , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Goldfield Gary S. , Janssen Ian , Wang JianLi , Hamilton Hayley A. , Ferro Mark A. , Colman Ian 
Published: November 2020

Objective: The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth recommend at least 60 minutes of physical activity per day, 2 hours or less of recreational screen time per day, and 9 to 11 hours of sleep per night for 5 to 13 years old and 8 to 10 hours per night for 14 to 17 years old. This study examined the association between meeting these guidelines and psychological distress among adolescents. Methods: The present cross-sectional sample included 6,364 students aged 11 to 20 years from the 2017 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. This provincially representative school-based survey is based on a 2-stage cluster design. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was first conducted to confirm the factor structure of the K6, and structural equation modeling adjusted for age, sex, ethnoracial background, subjective socioeconomic status, and body mass index z-score was used to investigate the association between meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and K6 factors among adolescents. Results: The CFA demonstrated that a 2-factor model (representing anxiety and depressive symptoms) of the K6 fit the data well. The anxiety and depression items demonstrated a composite reliability (Cronbach’s α) of 0.86 and 0.83, respectively, indicating a high level of internal consistency. Compared to meeting none of the recommendations, meeting all 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower anxiety (β = −0.076; P = 0.028) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.067; P = 0.028). Meeting the screen time + sleep duration recommendations had the strongest association with anxiety (β = −0.157; P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.139; P < 0.001), followed by meeting the sleep duration recommendation only for both anxiety (β = −0.135; P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.106; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents, and these associations appear mainly driven by meeting the sleep duration recommendation.
Depression as a Risk Factor for Physical Illness and Multimorbidity in a Cohort with No Prior Comorbidity
Authors: Li Allanah , Rosella Laura C. , Kurdyak Paul , Wodchis Walter P. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study examines whether depression is associated with the development of physical illness and multimorbidity, after controlling for socioeconomic, behavioral, and other potential confounders. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in which adult respondents to three nationally representative population health surveys were linked to health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, and followed for 10 years from survey index. Respondents with any of the study outcome conditions at baseline were excluded to create a final cohort of 29,838 participants. The main exposure of interest was depression, measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form for Major Depression. We controlled for age, body mass index, marital status, immigrant status, annual household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, health status, and having a regular doctor. The outcome measure was the development of physical illness over 10 years of follow-up, defined as 1 of 15 common chronic conditions using administrative data. Results: Among the 29,838 participants (15,259 [51%] female), 8% of females and 4% of males had depression at baseline. In this cohort with no comorbidities at baseline, even in the fully adjusted model, depression increased the risk of developing a first physical illness for females (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.26) and males (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.36) and increased the risk of developing a second physical illness for females (HR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.33) over 10 years of follow-up. Conclusions: For individuals with no prior comorbidities, depression is associated with a greater risk of developing subsequent physical illness and multimorbidity over time. Thus, depression identifies a population of people who may benefit from early identification, additional screening, and intervention. Further study needs to be done to determine whether interventions to manage and support people with depression can prevent or delay the increased risk of multimorbidity.
Classes of Oppositional Defiant Disorder Behavior in Clinic-referred Children and Adolescents: Concurrent Features and Outcomes: Classification Des Comportements Dans le Trouble Oppositionnel Avec Provocation Chez Des Enfants et des Adolescents Aiguillés à Une Clinique: Caractéristiques Co-occurrentes et Résultats
Authors: Roetman Peter J. , Siebelink Berend M. , Vermeiren Robert R. J. M. , Colins Olivier F. 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) consists of irritable and oppositional behaviors, both of which are associated with different problems. However, it is unclear whether irritability and oppositionality enable classification of clinic-referred children and adolescents into mutually exclusive groups (e.g., high in oppositionality, low in irritability), and whether this classification is clinically meaningful. Method: As part of a clinical protocol, ODD behaviors were assessed at referral through a comprehensive diagnostic interview and questionnaire. Parent- and teacher-reported ODD of 2,185 clinic-referred 5- to 18-year-olds (36.9% females) were used in latent class analysis. Resulting ODD classes were compared, concurrently at referral, and, longitudinally at the end of the diagnostic and treatment process, on various clinically relevant measures that were completed by various informants, including mental health problems, global functioning, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM) classifications. Results: Three classes emerged with high, moderate, and low levels of both irritability and oppositionality. At referral, the high class experienced the highest levels of mental health problems and DSM classifications. Importantly, all ODD classes defined at intake were predictive of diagnostic and treatment outcomes months later. Notably, the high class had higher rates of clinician-based classifications of ODD and conduct disorder, and the lowest levels of pre- and posttreatment global functioning. Additionally, the low class exhibited higher rates of generalized anxiety disorder and fear disorders. Conclusions: Irritability and oppositionality co-occur in clinic-referred youths to such an extent that classification based on these behaviors does not add to clinical inference. Instead, findings suggest that the overall ODD severity at referral should be used as a guidance for treatment.
Comparison of Dermoscopic Features Between Melanoacanthomas and Melanoacanthoma-Like Malignant Melanomas in Korean Patients
Authors: Roh Dongyoung , Ha Dae-Lyong , Kim Yeona , Shin Kihyuk , Kim Hoon-Soo , Ko Hyun-Chang , Kim Byung-Soo , Kim Moon-Bum 
Published: November 2020

Background A melanoacanthoma (MA) is a pigmented variant of seborrheic keratosis. Owing to the pigmentation, MAs may mimic the clinical appearance of malignant melanomas (MMs). However, the dermoscopic patterns of MAs and MA-like MMs have rarely been compared. Objective To elucidate the clinical and dermoscopic differences between MAs and MA-like MMs. Methods This study included 77 MA and 33 MA-like MM patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records, clinical findings, and dermoscopic findings of the two groups. Results Crypts and comedo-like openings (71.4%) in MAs and the blue-white veil (60.6%) in MMs were the most common dermoscopic findings. Crypts, comedo-like opening, milia-like cysts, fissures, and hairpin vessels appeared more frequently in MAs ( P < .05). However, atypical pigment networks, blue-white veils, pseudopods and streaks, and atypical vessels were more common in MMs ( P < .05). MAs often showed melanoma-specific dermoscopic findings, especially blue-white veils (22.1%). Furthermore, fissures (42.4%), crypts (21.2%), and comedo-like openings (15.2%) were observed in MMs, although they are typically benign patterns. Conclusion Differences in dermoscopic patterns might provide important clues for the differential diagnosis of MA-like lesions. However, MAs such as MMs and true-benign MAs may overlap clinically in appearance and on dermoscopy. Several benign patterns were frequently observed in MMs (fissures, globular pattern, crypts, comedo-like openings, cerebriform appearance, and milia-like cysts), and several malignant patterns were observed in MAs (blue-white veil, pseudopod, and atypical pigment network). Importantly, if any of the melanoma-associated features or atypical vessels are present, the lesion should be biopsied to establish a diagnosis.
Youth with multiple sclerosis have low levels of fitness
Authors: Stephens Samantha , Berenbaum Tara , Finlayson Marcia , Motl Robert W , Yeh E Ann 
Published: November 2020

Background: Moderate and vigorous physical activity is associated with improved outcomes in youth with multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical fitness may also influence disease and health outcomes in this population. Objectives: To determine if there were differences in physical fitness between youth with MS and healthy controls (HC). To examine relationships between physical fitness, physical activity (PA) level, fatigue, depression and disease activity in youth with MS and HC. Methods: Youth with MS ( n = 19) and HC ( n = 21) completed tests establishing cardiorespiratory-fitness (VO2peak), endurance via 2-minute walk test, and musculoskeletal strength via grip strength (GS). Questionnaires determined fatigue, depression, and PA levels. Weekly PA level was determined by accelerometry. Tests of differences and correlational analyses were used to evaluate physical fitness. Results: Youth with MS had lower VO2peak ( U = 279, p < 0.0001), endurance ( t = 2.6, p = 0.02), and higher body mass index (BMI) ( t = -5.9, p = 0.001) than HC. Higher VO2peak was associated with higher moderate to vigorous PAaccelerometer in HC (Spearman-Rho = 0.5, p = 0.03), but not in youth with MS (Spearman-Rho = 0.5, p = 0.06). Lower VO2peak and GS were associated with higher disability (Spearman-Rho = -0.6, p = 0.03) and relapses in MS (Spearman-Rho = -0.52, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Youth with MS have lower levels of fitness, compared with HC. Higher levels of fitness were associated with lower disease activity and disability in youth with MS.
Reliability of a Three-Dimensional Wound Camera and Correlation With Routine Ruler Measurement in Diabetes-Related Foot Ulceration
Authors: Lasschuit Joel Willem Johan , Featherston Jill , Tonks Katherine Thuy Trang 
Published: November 2020

Background: In an era of increasing technology and telehealth utilization, three-dimensional (3D) wound cameras promise reliable, rapid, and touch-free ulceration measurements. However, reliability data for commercially available devices in the diabetes foot service setting is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of diabetes-related foot ulceration measurement using a 3D wound camera in comparison to the routinely used ruler and probe. Method: Participants were prospectively recruited from a tertiary interdisciplinary diabetes foot service. Ulcerations were measured at each visit by two blinded observers, first by ruler and probe, and then using a 3D wound camera twice. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Measurement methods were compared by Pearson correlation. Results: Sixty-three ulcerations affecting 38 participants were measured over 122 visits. Interobserver reliability of ruler measurement was excellent for estimated area (ICC 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.98) and depth (ICC 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.95). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the 3D wound camera area was excellent (ICC 0.96, 95%CI 0.95-0.97 and 0.97 95% CI 0.96-0.98, respectively). Depth was unrecordable in over half of 3D wound camera measurements, and reliability was inferior to probe measurement. Area correlation between methods was good ( R = 0.88 and 0.94 per observer); however, depth correlation was poor ( R = 0.49 and 0.65). Conclusions: 3D wound cameras offer practical advantages over ruler-based measurement. In diabetes-related foot ulceration, the reliability and comparability of area measurement was excellent across both methods, although depth was more reliably obtained by the probe. These limitations, together with cost, are important considerations if implementing this technology in diabetes foot care.
Effects of Ramadan fasting on anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and lipid profile among hypertensive patients in the Kurdistan region of Iraq
Authors: Farag Halgord Ali M , Baqi Hardi Rafat , Qadir Syamand Ahmed , El Bilbeisi Abdel Hamid , Hamafarj Kawa Khwarahm , Taleb Mahmoud , El Afifi Amany 
Published: November 2020

Objective: This study was employed to assess the effects of Ramadan fasting on anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and lipid profile among hypertensive patients. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample, which was selected using a census survey of hypertensive patients (both gender, aged 25–50 years, on regular antihypertensive drugs (atenolol: 50 mg orally once a day)), during Ramadan month that was falling in April to May 2020. The patients were receiving care at Halabja hospital in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. All patients were assessed in two phase’s baseline (a week before Ramadan) and end stage (a week after Ramadan), using anthropometric indices, physical examination, biochemical tests, and a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 120 hypertensive patients were included in the study (50% females and 50% males), with a mean age of 37.5 ± 6.6 years. The major finding of our study was the significant decrease in blood pressure (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference of the participants decreased after Ramadan fasting in a significant approach (P < 0.001 for all). However, for the lipid profile components, the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol change persisted not statistically significant (P > 0.05), while only triglyceride decreased drastically after Ramadan fasting (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Ramadan fasting could contribute in the improvement of blood pressure and lowers triglyceride levels, body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference of adult hypertensive patients.
Assessment of handwritten prescriptions from Saudi Arabia according to international guidelines
Authors: Youssef Souhib Mohammed , Zaghloul Mohamed Saddik , Ahmed Mohammed Fayez , Barmo Abdul Nasser Ahmed , Mehdi Asghar Mehdi Muhammed , Saquib Nazmus 
Published: November 2020

Objective: Prescription dispensing services are not digitalized in the majority of governmental hospitals and private clinics in Saudi Arabia, which makes them prone to error. We aimed to evaluate handwritten prescriptions in a region in Saudi Arabia for consistency and accuracy according to international guidelines. Methods: A sample of handwritten prescriptions (dated 2016 or 2017) from selected pharmacies in the Al-Qassim region (n = 556) were evaluated for missing information on items related to prescriber, patient, and medication according to the World Health Organization and Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Results: We found that the prescriber’s name and contact information were missing in two-thirds of the prescriptions (66%). Patients’ addresses were always missing (100%). No prescription contained medication warnings; a majority lacked information on mode of administration (68%) and methods to avoid refilling (66%). Conclusion: Saudi Arabia should take a multipronged approach, including digitalization of prescription dispensing services, in both public and private health care facilities in order to reduce prescription errors.
Eight-Year Medical Education Program: Retrospect and Prospect of the High-Level Medical Talent Training in China
Authors: Wu (吴红斌) Hongbin , Xie (谢阿娜) Ana , Wang (王维民) Weimin 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The 8-year medical education program (EYMEP) is China’s path to training high-level medical talents. In retrospect, this study systematically reviewed the developmental process of China’s EYMEP. The status quo and characteristics, and threats and challenges, were analyzed, along with the program’s prospects. Design/Approach/Methods: This study analyzed relevant textual materials and policy documents dating back to the time of hosting of China’s EYMEP, as well as conducted various specific interviews and field trips. Findings: The exploration of China’s high-level medical talent training has been conducted over a century. EYMEP can be divided into five periods: the Only Host Period, the Duplication Pilot Host Period, the Expansion Period, the Joint Exploration Period, and the In-Depth Promotion Period. Currently, there are 14 universities and institutes hosting the EYMEP approved by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China. However, they differ greatly in training ideas and goals, enrollment processes, and training phases. China’s EYMEP is faced with some external threats and internal challenges. In the future, China’s EYMEP should consider five aspects. Originality/Value: In the new era of the reform and development of China’s medical education, a systematic review of the development of EYMEP in China is of great significance to the promotion of high-level medical talent training in China. Meanwhile, the exploration course of China’s high-level medical talent training represented by the EYMEP may be an enlightenment for other countries, especially developing countries like China, in their training of high-level medical talents.