bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and Evaluation of a Bituminous Roadway Constructed With Municipal Solid Waste Combustor Ash
Authors: Lucido Samuel P. , Wilson Willard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
County State Aid Highway (CSAH) 13, located in Polk County Minnesota, was to be paved with 2.25 miles of new bituminous in October of 2000. Prior to the end of the 2000 construction season, a portion of one lane of the base course was installed, with the remainder to be completed in spring of 2001. The bituminous was amended with ash generated at the municipal solid waste combustor located in Fosston Minnesota. One third of the road was to be paved with traditional bituminous, one third was to be paved with bituminous in which a portion of the aggregate was replaced with “new” ash and one third was to be paved with bituminous in which a portion of the aggregate was replaced with “old” ash. “New” combustor ash is ash generated after the installation of an up-front materials recovery facility (MRF) and “old” combustor ash is ash generated before the installation of the MRF. Ash-amended bituminous was to be used in the base course and binder course of the pavement profile. Significant environmental and structural testing was performed prior to construction. Environmental and structural testing was also performed simultaneously with the construction process. Environmental testing completed in 2000 included: analysis of stack emissions from the bituminous plant, evaluation of breathing zone particulates at the bituminous plant, and analysis of surface water runoff from the ash-amended bituminous. Structural testing included trial mix design parameters. The road was also instrumented to collect water that may infiltrate through the ash-amended bituminous. Environmental testing to be completed in 2001 includes: evaluation of impacts to soils adjacent to the roadway and evaluation of infiltration water collected in the under-pavement collectors. Post-construction pavement testing is also to be completed in 2001. This paper presents the initial results of environmental and structural testing as well as construction issues.
A Canadian Perspective on Waste-to-Energy
Authors: Rivers Rob C. , Knezev Nenad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Public private partnership has played a mayor role in development and successful operation of the current KMS Peel Waste-to-Energy Plant located in Peel Region, Ontario.
On December 10, 1998 KMS Peel Inc. and the Region of Peel entered into an agreement to expand the waste-to-energy facility by 36,000 tonnes (one additional incineration unit). Due to expansion, new, more stringent emission limits were imposed by the latest Ontario Ministry of Environment A-7 Guideline and the Canada-Wide Standards developed by Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment. A Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system with a sodium tetrasulphide injection was selected to supplement the existing dry scrubber/fabric filter air pollution control system for additional reduction in mercury, nitrogen oxides and dioxins/furans emissions. With the upgraded air pollution control technology, the facility will be able to meet the latest emission standards and, to a certain degree, any new standards that may be enforced in future years.
This paper outlines a partnership model that has been successfully implemented in Ontario and has contributed to the public accepting waste-to-energy as integral part of the waste management system, ultimately resulting in facility expansion. It also describes the current facility and upgrade to the existing air pollution control system.
Pinellas County Resource Recovery Facility Capital Replacement Project: “Securing a Retrofit Investment — A Capital Replacement Initiative”
Authors: Stasis R. Peter , Henson Robert E. , Larson Ronald D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1990 set new emission standards for Waste-To-Energy (WTE) plants throughout the United States. Pinellas County, Florida, has achieved compliance with the new emission guidelines by completing an Air Pollution Control Retrofit to their Resource Recovery Facility (PCRRF) in 2000. Pinellas County, the owner of the PCRRF, now faces the challenge of preserving this investment for the years to come. This paper describes the additional investments being made by Pinellas County as part of the Capital Replacement Project (CRP) to extend the operating life of PCRRF.
Plant System Expansion: “Getting More From Alternative Revenue Sources”
Authors: Taam Damon M. K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
“Alternative Revenue Sources” are tipping fee revenues received from the combustion of non-traditional waste. Such alternative solid wastes are not hazardous wastes and are not typically delivered by the normal garbage collection system. Alternative Revenue Wastes (ARW) need a due diligence review showing that disposal of the waste will not violate any laws, ordinances and/or permit conditions. Disposal of ARW will need coordination and additional special handling for final disposal ARW generators do pay a tipping fee greater than the solid waste tipping fee in order to compensate the owner/operator for the extra effort. ARW wastes are derived from the following special considerations:
1) Liability concerns from disposal of such waste.
2) Sensitive security.
3) Legal/Regulatory compliance.
4) Environmental concerns.
5) Resource recovery.
6) Infectious Wastes.
Regional brain volumes, microstructure and neurodevelopment in moderate–late preterm children
Authors: Kelly Claire E , Thompson Deanne K , Spittle Alicia J , Chen Jian , Seal Marc L , Anderson Peter J , Doyle Lex W , Cheong Jeanie LY 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo explore whether regional brain volume and white matter microstructure at term-equivalent age (TEA) are associated with development at 2 years of age in children born moderate–late preterm (MLPT).Study designA cohort of MLPT infants had brain MRI at approximately TEA (38–44 weeks’ postmenstrual age) and had a developmental assessment (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment) at 2 years’ corrected age. Relationships between cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and 2-year developmental outcomes were explored using voxel-based morphometry. Relationships between diffusion tensor measures of white matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial (AD), radial (RD) and mean (MD) diffusivities) and 2-year developmental outcomes were explored using tract-based spatial statistics.Results189 MLPT children had data from at least one MRI modality (volumetric or diffusion) and data for at least one developmental domain. Larger cortical grey and white matter volumes in many brain regions, and higher FA and lower AD, RD and MD in several major white matter regions, were associated with better cognitive and language scores. There was little evidence that cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure were associated with motor and behavioural outcomes.ConclusionsRegional cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure are associated with cognitive and language development at 2 years of age in MLPT children. Thus, early alterations to brain volumes and microstructure may contribute to some of the developmental deficits described in MLPT children.
What the percentage of births in facilities does not measure: readiness for emergency obstetric care and referral in Senegal
Authors: Cavallaro Francesca L , Benova Lenka , Dioukhane El Hadji , Wong Kerry , Sheppard Paula , Faye Adama , Radovich Emma , Dumont Alexandre , Mbengue Abdou Salam , Ronsmans Carine , Martinez-Alvarez Melisa 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionIncreases in facility deliveries in sub-Saharan Africa have not yielded expected declines in maternal mortality, raising concerns about the quality of care provided in facilities. The readiness of facilities at different health system levels to provide both emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) as well as referral is unknown. We describe this combined readiness by facility level and region in Senegal.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, we used data from nine Demographic and Health Surveys between 1992 and 2017 in Senegal to describe trends in location of births over time. We used data from the 2017 Service Provision Assessment to describe EmONC and emergency referral readiness across facility levels in the public system, where 94% of facility births occur. A national global positioning system facility census was used to map access from lower-level facilities to the nearest facility performing caesareans.ResultsBirths in facilities increased from 47% in 1992 to 80% in 2016, driven by births in lower-level health posts, where half of facility births now occur. Caesarean rates in rural areas more than doubled but only to 3.7%, indicating minor improvements in EmONC access. Only 9% of health posts had full readiness for basic EmONC, and 62% had adequate referral readiness (vehicle on-site or telephone and vehicle access elsewhere). Although public facilities accounted for three-quarters of all births in 2016, only 16% of such births occurred in facilities able to provide adequate combined readiness for EmONC and referral.ConclusionsOur findings imply that many lower-level public facilities—the most common place of birth in Senegal—are unable to treat or refer women with obstetric complications, especially in rural areas. In light of rising lower-level facility births in Senegal and elsewhere, improvements in EmONC and referral readiness are urgently needed to accelerate reductions in maternal and perinatal mortality.
Going the extra mile — cross-border patient handover in a European border region: qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Beuken Juliëtte A , Verstegen Daniëlle M L , Dolmans Diana H J M , Van Kersbergen Laura , Losfeld Xavier , Sopka Saša , Vogt Lina , Bouwmans Mara E J 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundCross-border healthcare is complex, increasingly frequent and causes potential risks for patient safety. In this context, cross-border handovers or the transfer of patients from one country to another deserves particular attention. Although general handover has been the topic of extensive research, little is known about the challenges of handover across national borders, especially as perceived by stakeholders. In this study, we aimed to gain insight into healthcare professionals’ perspectives on cross-border handover and ways to support this.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses, paramedics and administrative staff) in a European border region to investigate their perspectives on cross-border handover. The interviews were aimed to investigate settings of acute and planned handover. Informed by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), interviews focused on participant perspectives. We summarised all interviews and inductively identified healthcare professionals’ perspectives. We used elements of the TPB as sensitising concepts.ResultsForty-three healthcare professionals participated. Although respondents had neutral to positive attitudes, they often did not know very well what was expected of them or what influence they could have on improving cross-border handover. Challenges covered five themes:information transfer,language barriers,task division and education,policy and financial structuresandcultural differences. To overcome these challenges, we proposed strategies such as providing tools and protocols, discussing and formalising collaboration, and organising opportunities to meet and get to know each other.ConclusionHealthcare professionals involved in cross-border handovers face specific challenges. It is necessary to take measures to come to a shared understanding while paying special attention to the above-mentioned challenges. Meeting in person around meaningful activities (eg, training and case discussions) can facilitate sharing ideas and community building.
Perceptions of Malaysian medical students from different academic years on primary care: a qualitative research
Authors: Chan Sook Ching , Ganeson Jaya Vinoshairine , Ong Jee Tat , Sugathan Sandheep 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the perception of medical students from a private medical college in Perak, Malaysia, on primary care practice and induce the factors influencing their perception and willingness to consider primary care as a career pathway.DesignQualitative study using focus group discussions. Participants’ responses were audio recorded, transcribed, grouped under various domains and listed out and analysed.SettingA private medical college in Perak state, Malaysia.ParticipantsForty-six medical students from years 2 to 5 were included. Eight focus groups were formed with two focus groups from each academic year (six students each in seven groups and four students in one group). Students were informed through their respective student leader of each year and received a participant information sheet and an informed consent form which were completed and returned if they decided to participate in the focus group discussions.ResultsThe participants had different levels of understanding of primary care depending on their level of exposure to primary care. Senior students with more exposure had a better understanding about primary care and its services. Attractive factors towards choosing primary care as a career included short working hours with a more balanced family and social life, being able to treat patients as a whole with continuity of care and closer relationship with patients. Unattractive factors included routine, unchallenging and boring practice, poor salary, work overload and administrative work in government clinics, being less recognised by other specialties; and the poor perception by other doctors that those pursuing primary care were not ‘brilliant enough’ for more ‘sophisticated disciplines like surgery or paediatrics’.ConclusionThis study showed that the medical students’ level of exposure to primary care played a crucial role in determining their understanding of primary care practice and their choice of career in primary care. Issues to be addressed include remuneration, workload and the prejudice against primary care as a career pathway. Suggestions included introducing early exposure to fun and challenging primary care postings in the medical curriculum and producing well trained, skilled and enthusiastic role models.
Twisted compactifications of 6D field theories from maximal 7D gauged supergravity
Authors: Karndumri Parinya , Nuchino Patharadanai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study supersymmetric $$AdS_n\times \Sigma ^{7-n}$$AdSn×Σ7-n, $$n=2,3,4,5$$n=2,3,4,5 solutions in seven-dimensional maximal gauged supergravity with $$CSO(p,q,5-p-q)$$CSO(p,q,5-p-q) and $$CSO(p,q,4-p-q)$$CSO(p,q,4-p-q) gauge groups. These gauged supergravities are consistent truncations of eleven-dimensional supergravity and type IIB theory on $$H^{p,q}\circ T^{5-p-q}$$Hp,q∘T5-p-q and $$H^{p,q}\circ T^{4-p-q}$$Hp,q∘T4-p-q, respectively. Apart from recovering the previously known $$AdS_n\times \Sigma ^{7-n}$$AdSn×Σ7-n solutions in SO(5) gauge group, we find novel classes of $$AdS_5\times S^2$$AdS5×S2, $$AdS_3\times S^2\times \Sigma ^2$$AdS3×S2×Σ2 and $$AdS_3\times CP^2$$AdS3×CP2 solutions in non-compact SO(3, 2) gauge group together with a class of $$AdS_3\times CP^2$$AdS3×CP2 solutions in SO(4, 1) gauge group. In SO(5) gauge group, we extensively study holographic RG flow solutions interpolating from the SO(5) supersymmetric $$AdS_7$$AdS7 vacuum to the $$AdS_n\times \Sigma ^{7-n}$$AdSn×Σ7-n fixed points and singular geometries in the form of curved domain walls with $$Mkw_{n-1}\times \Sigma ^{7-n}$$Mkwn-1×Σ7-n slices. In many cases, the singularities are physically acceptable and can be interpreted as non-conformal phases of $$(n-1)$$(n-1)-dimensional SCFTs obtained from twisted compactifications of $$N=(2,0)$$N=(2,0) SCFT in six dimensions. In SO(3, 2) and SO(4, 1) gauge groups, we give a large number of RG flows between the new $$AdS_n\times \Sigma ^{7-n}$$AdSn×Σ7-n fixed points and curved domain walls while, in $$CSO(p,q,4-p-q)$$CSO(p,q,4-p-q) gauge group, RG flows interpolating between asymptotically locally flat domain walls and curved domain walls are given.
Is Chlamydia trachomatis PCR Detection from Cervical Canal Swabs Associated with Tubal Obstruction?
Authors: Le Minh Tam , Nguyen Vu Quoc Huy , Nguyen Le Na Thi , Ngo Viet Quynh Tram , Nguyen Hoang Bach , Cao Ngoc Thanh 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To determine the relationship between a Chlamydia trachomatis PCR positive diagnosis from cervical canal swabs and the presence of tubal diseases among infertile women in Vietnam. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, women who sought infertility treatment at the Center for Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Hue University Hospital, Vietnam, from June 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled. All study participants were interviewed, and PCR tests were then performed to diagnose Chlamydia from cervical canal swabs. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) was carried out to examine the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes. Results: Among 568 women whose mean age was 32.0 ± 5.1 years, the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection as detected by PCR was 5.8%. Eighty-one percent (460/568) of infertile women had normal HSG results, and abnormal HSG results were more frequent in women over 35 years old, in women with secondary infertility, and in those with a history of miscarriage or genital tract infection. However, there was no relationship between C. trachomatis PCR positivity and HSG results in infertile women. Conclusions: The diagnosis of C. trachomatis infection using the cervical swabs is the useful but not an effective method for routine practice for predicting tubal obstruction in infertile women.
Persistence of Drug-Resistant Leukemic Stem Cells and Impaired NK Cell Immunity in CML Patients Depend on MIR300 Antiproliferative and PP2A-Activating Functions
Authors: Silvestri Giovannino , Trotta Rossana , Stramucci Lorenzo , Ellis Justin J. , Harb Jason G. , Neviani Paolo , Wang Shuzhen , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin , Walker Christopher J. , Zhang Bin , Srutova Klara , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Pineda Gabriel , Jamieson Catriona H. M. , Stagno Fabio , Vigneri Paolo , Nteliopoulos Georgios , May Philippa C. , Reid Alistair G. , Garzon Ramiro , Roy Denis-Claude , Moutuou Moutuaata M. , Guimond Martin , Hokland Peter , Deininger Michael W. , Fitzgerald Garrett , Harman Christopher , Dazzi Francesco , Milojkovic Dragana , Apperley Jane F. , Marcucci Guido , Qi Jianfei , Polakova Katerina Machova , Zou Ying , Fan Xiaoxuan , Baer Maria R. , Calabretta Bruno , Perrotti Danilo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Persistence of drug-resistant quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSC) and impaired natural killer (NK) cell immune response account for relapse of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is essential for CML-quiescent LSC survival and NK cell antitumor activity. Here we show that MIR300 has antiproliferative and PP2A-activating functions that are dose dependently differentially induced by CCND2/CDK6 and SET inhibition, respectively. MIR300 is upregulated in CML LSCs and NK cells by bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) signals to induce quiescence and impair immune response, respectively. Conversely, BCR-ABL1 downregulates MIR300 in CML progenitors to prevent growth arrest and PP2A-mediated apoptosis. Quiescent LSCs escape apoptosis by upregulating TUG1 long noncoding RNA that uncouples and limits MIR300 function to cytostasis. Genetic and pharmacologic MIR300 modulation and/or PP2A-activating drug treatment restore NK cell activity, inhibit BMM-induced growth arrest, and selectively trigger LSC apoptosis in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts; hence, the importance of MIR300 and PP2A activity for CML development and therapy.

Significance:
Tumor-naïve microenvironment–induced MIR300 is the only tumor suppressor miRNA that induces CML LSC quiescence while inhibiting NK cell antitumor immune response, and CML LSC/progenitor cell apoptosis through its anti-proliferative and PP2A-activating functions, respectively. Thus, the importance of MIR300 and PP2A-activating drugs for formation/survival and eradication of drug-resistant CML LSCs, respectively.
See related commentary by Broxmeyer, p. 13.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 5
Associations between Post-treatment Inflammatory Biomarkers and Survival among Stage II-III Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Hua X , Kratz M , Newcomb PA 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate post-treatment inflammatory biomarkers, namely C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL6), monocytes chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), leptin and adiponectin, in relation to overall survival (OS) in stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: Participants were incident, invasive CRC cases who were 22–74 years of age, diagnosed between 1997–2008 from the population-based Seattle Colon Cancer Family Registry. We included stage II-III cases who were at the greatest risk for disease progression. Further restriction to 308 participants with a blood draw 1–3 years after diagnosis was made to preclude acute treatment effects. We measured concentrations of all five markers in EDTA-plasma samples using the Meso Scale Discovery immunoassays. Biomarker levels were log-transformed to ensure normality. We also divided patients into sex-specific quartiles for each marker to test for a dose-effect of a biomarker on disease progression. Mortality and cause of death were assessed through linkage to the National Death Index. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of post-treatment inflammatory markers with OS. HRs were adjusted for potential confounders selected a priori, including age at blood draw, sex, body mass index, plasma storage time, the time between diagnosis and blood draw, and stage at diagnosis. Results: Elevated CRP levels were associated with poorer OS (HR = 1.32 per unit increase of log-CRP, 95% CI = 1.13–1.55). For circulating IL6, a dose-response relationship with survival was evident: compared with the lowest quartile of IL6, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles were significantly associated with OS, with HRs (95% CIs) of 2.72 (1.42–5.21), 4.23 (2.24–7.99), and 6.80 (3.56–12.96) respectively (p for trend &lt; 0.0001). For MCP1, we observed a 2-fold increase in the risk of overall mortality per unit increase in log-MCP1 (HR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.39–3.39). Circulating levels of leptin and adiponectin were not significantly associated with OS. Conclusions: Circulating inflammatory markers, specifically CRP, IL6, and MCP1, are prognostic markers in stage II/III CRC patients and should be considered for incorporation into studies of CRC outcomes.