bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the renal portal valve exist in a raptor species? A study aimed at further evaluating the mechanism of toxicity of diclofenac in vultures
Authors: Havenga Lauren , Naidoo Vinny , Wolter Kerri , Duncan Neil , Groenewald Hermanus B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiclofenac has been responsible for the deaths of millions of vultures on the Asian subcontinent. While the pathology of toxicity is well described, the mechanism of toxicity remains elusive. However, it was postulated that toxicity could be related to the unique avian renal vascular structure known as the renal portal valve and that that diclofenac altered valve functionality with subsequent renal ischaemia. While plausible, the valva renalis portalis has only been described in a small number of other bird species such as the chicken (Gallus domesticus), the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) and ostrich (Struthio camelus) but not a raptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal anatomy and related vasculature of the Cape griffon vulture (Gyps coprotheres) (CGV), a species sensitive to the toxic effects of diclofenac, using gross anatomy, histology and vascular casting. The vasculature of the vulture was found to be almost identical to that of the domestic chicken with the valva renalis portalis present in the v. iliaca externa between the v. renalis renalis cranialis and the v. renalis caudalus. The valve was ring‐shaped with finger‐like processes and histologically was composed of smooth muscle. The valve was also well vascularized and was associated with a nerve plexus. Based on the findings of this study, the proposed mechanism of toxicity is anatomically possible.
Treatment outcomes in older adults with hoarding disorder: The impact of self‐control, boredom and social support
Authors: Weiss Emily R. , Landers Alyssa , Todman McWelling , Roane David M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesHoarding disorder in older adults often develops in the context of co‐occurring psychosocial maladies, and treatment response tends to be suboptimal. This preliminary investigation explored several ageing‐related factors and their relationship to hoarding symptom severity (HSS), and examined treatment response to 15 sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with in‐home support.MethodsTwenty‐nine participants (Mage = 67) completed self‐report questionnaires measuring HSS, self‐control, indecisiveness, depression, loneliness, social support and boredom, before (T1) and after (T2) treatment.ResultsAt T1, HSS was associated marginally with loneliness and significantly with all other variables, except social support. At T2, HSS and depression decreased significantly and only boredom and self‐control remained associated with HSS. Attrition rates were high, and those with low social support were more likely to discontinue treatment prematurely.ConclusionsIncreasing social support may improve treatment retention, and pre‐emptively reducing sources of boredom and increasing self‐control during treatment might improve outcomes for older adults with hoarding disorder.
Treading carefully through tomatoes: Embodying a gentle methodological approach
Authors: Pottinger Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThough feminist scholars have long advocated reflexivity in geographical research, the multifaceted practices of care that gently shape (and take shape within) fieldwork encounters are often tidied out of academic accounts. By foregrounding moments of embodied gentleness in research into human–plant relationships, this paper asks what a gentle methodological approach might look, and importantly, feel like. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork exploring gardeners' everyday activities and activisms with seeds and plants, I examine moments that are quiet, slow, tender, and unobtrusive to examine how research might be rendered gently. Building on feminist scholarship on bodies, slowness, and reciprocity, I argue gentleness is a necessary, if under‐acknowledged, dimension of interpersonal and more‐than‐human encounters. It requires embodied reflexivity and an active sensitivity to entanglements of care, emotion, and multisensoriality. Gentleness can be implicit, purposeful, or tactical, and it entails complexities and contradictions that must be unpicked. A gentle methodological approach can, however, hold particular utility for exposing and theorising under‐acknowledged forms of care‐full political and environmental action, which though light‐touch are nonetheless significant.
Compensation and reparations for victims and bystanders of the U.S. Public Health Service research studies in Tuskegee and Guatemala: Who do we owe what?
Authors: Reverby Susan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing the infamous research studies in Tuskegee and Guatemala, the article examines the difference between victims and bystanders. The victims can include families, sexual partners, and children not just the participants. There are also the bystanders in the populations who are affected, even vaguely, decades after the initial studies took place. Differing reparations for victims and bystanders through lawsuits and historical acknowledgments has to be part of broader discussions of historical justice, and the weighing of the impact of racism and imperial research endeavors.
Three years of growth hormone treatment in young adults with Prader‐Willi Syndrome previously treated with growth hormone in childhood: Effects on glucose homeostasis and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Damen Layla , Grootjen Lionne N. , Donze Stephany H. , Juriaans Alicia F. , de Graaff Laura C. G. , van der Velden Janielle A.E.M. , Hokken‐Koelega Anita C. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextGrowth hormone (GH) has been approved for children with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) and significantly improves body composition in adults with PWS. Adults with PWS are predisposed to develop impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). Continuation of GH maintains body composition, but GH is known to induce insulin resistance, which might affect glucose homeostasis. Studies on long‐term effects of GH treatment in adults are very limited.ObjectiveTo investigate effects of 3 years of GH treatment on glucose homeostasis and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults with PWS.DesignOpen‐label, prospective study.Patients43 young adults with PWS.SettingDutch PWS Reference Center.Main outcome measuresGlucose and insulin during oral glucose tolerance test.ResultsEstimated mean (95% CI) fasting glucose and insulin levels remained stable during 3 years of GH treatment. Glucose being 4.6 (4.4‐4.8) mmol/l at start and 4.7 (4.6‐4.9) mmol/l after 3 years (P = .07); insulin being 59.5 (45.2‐75.8) pmol/l and 56.7 (45.2‐69.6) pmol/l resp. (P = .72). Sex, ethnicity and fat mass percentage were significantly associated with fasting glucose levels, while IGF‐I or GH‐dose were not. Blood pressure, lipids and prevalence of MS remained stable during 3 years of GH. IGT prevalence was variable over time, six patients had IGT at start and eleven after 3 years of GH. One patient developed DMT2. However, prevalence of IGT or DMT2 was not significantly higher after 3 years than at study start.ConclusionsThree years of GH treatment in adults with PWS does not impair glucose homeostasis and does not lead to an increased prevalence of DMT2.
Burnout and secondary trauma among forensic interviewers
Authors: Starcher Destinee , Stolzenberg Stacia N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChild Advocacy Centers provide a child‐friendly environment for the forensic interview and subsequent investigation of child victimization cases. However, very little research has examined the effects of burnout, secondary trauma and organizational stressors on forensic interviewers. The present study examined the following research questions. To what extent do forensic interviewers experience burnout and secondary trauma associated with their profession? How do organizational stressors increase these outcomes among interviewers? Data were collected by conducting an online survey of interviewers working at Child Advocacy Centers across the United States. Results indicate burnout and secondary trauma among interviewers in this sample. Decreased job support, increased funding constraints and heavy agency caseloads all result in burnout and secondary trauma. Policy recommendations include continued training and mental health services for interviewers. Future researchers should conduct qualitative interviews and examine how other factors, such as forensic interviewing protocols, influence interviewers' job experience and mental health.
Construction workersʼ skin disorders in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases 2005‐2016
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Koskela Kirsi , Pesonen Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundConstruction workers are a known risk group for occupational skin disease (OSD).ObjectivesTo study diagnoses and causes of OSD in construction workers in the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) 2005–2016.Materials And MethodsWe searched the FROD for dermatological cases in (a) construction‐related occupations defined by the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO‐08) and (b) in the industrial branch of construction defined by the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev. 2).ResultsThe two searches yielded the same number of cases, 329, although they were not identical subgroups. The number of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) cases was 235 (71%) in construction‐related occupations and 228 (69%) in the industrial branch of construction. In the latter analysis, synthetic resin systems caused 66% of ACD cases and 46% of all OSDs, epoxy compounds being the leading cause (122 cases; 54% of ACD cases; 37% of all OSDs). Metals were the second most common group of causes of ACD with 31 cases (chrome 22 cases; cobalt 8 cases). Isothiazolinones caused ACD in 21 cases, many of whom were painters.ConclusionsACD dominated the OSDs of construction workers and epoxy products were by far the leading cause comprising 37% of all OSDs. Chrome and isothiazolinones were also prominent causes of ACD.
Exosomes released from educated mesenchymal stem cells accelerate cutaneous wound healing via promoting angiogenesis
Authors: Qiu Xinyu , Liu Jin , Zheng Chenxi , Su Yuting , Bao Lili , Zhu Bin , Liu Siying , Wang Lulu , Wang Xiao , Wang Yirong , Zhao Wanmin , Zhou Jun , Deng Zhihong , Liu Shiyu , Jin Yan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesSkin serves as the major interface between the external environment and body which is liable to many kinds of injuries. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been widely used and became a promising strategy. Pre‐treatment with chemical agents, hypoxia or gene modifications can partially protect MSCs against injury, and the pre‐treated MSCs show the improved differentiation, homing capacity, survival and paracrine effects regard to attenuating injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the exosomes from the educated MSCs contribute to accelerate wound healing process.Materials and methodsWe extracted the exosomes from the two educated MSCs and utilized them in the cutaneous wound healing model. The pro‐angiogenetic effect of exosomes on endothelial cells was also investigated.ResultsWe firstly found that MSCs pre‐treated by exosomes from neonatal serum significantly improved their biological functions and the effect of therapy. Moreover, we extracted the exosomes from the educated MSCs and utilized them to treat the cutaneous wound model directly. We found that the released exosomes from MSCs which educated by neonatal serum before had the more outstanding performance in therapeutic effect. Mechanistically, we revealed that the recipient endothelial cells (ECs) were targeted and the exosomes promoted their functions to enhance angiogenesis via regulating AKT/eNOS pathway.ConclusionsOur findings unravelled the positive effect of the upgraded exosomes from the educated MSCs as a promising cell‐free therapeutic strategy for cutaneous wound healing.
Treatment and outcomes for indigenous and non‐indigenous lung cancer patients in the Top End of the Northern Territory
Authors: Basnayake Thilini L. , Valery Patricia C. , Carson Philip , De Ieso Paolo B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the most common cause of cancer‐related mortality for both Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians, and the death rate of lung cancer in Indigenous Australians is increasing.AimsTo provide a comprehensive description of patterns of lung cancer presentation, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes in Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians in the Top End of the Northern Territory.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of adult patients with a new diagnosis of lung cancer in the Top End between January 2010 and December 2014. Unadjusted survival probabilities by indigenous status were calculated. The primary end‐point was all‐cause mortality.ResultsDespite receiving similar diagnostic procedures and treatment, Indigenous Australians with lung cancer have poorer 1‐ and 5‐year survival (25.0% and 9.4% respectively), when compared to non‐Indigenous Australians included in the study (42.0% and 16.2% respectively). Indigenous lung cancer patients were more likely to be female (51.6% of indigenous patients were female, compared to 30.5% non‐indigenous), be current smokers (61.3% vs 36.9%), have more comorbidities (73.6% vs 52.7%, 24.2% vs 5.3% and 30.8% vs 14.2% for respiratory disease, renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus respectively), and live in more socio‐economically disadvantaged (66.7% vs 14.2%) and very remote areas (66.1% vs 6.8%). They were also more likely to die at home, compared to their non‐indigenous counterparts (64.3% vs 26.7%).ConclusionsIndigenous patients from the Top End diagnosed with lung cancer were more likely to have poorer survival outcomes when compared to non‐indigenous people. Potential reasons for the discrepancy in survival need to be addressed urgently.
Excellent outcomes of transformed lymphomas in the rituximab era without autologous stem cell transplantation: an Australian single‐centre experience
Authors: Tedjaseputra Aditya , Gilbertson Michael , Low Michael , Fedele Pasquale L. , Kumar Beena , Simpson Ian , Grigoriadis George , Shortt Jake , Opat Stephen , Gregory Gareth P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHistologic transformation (HT) is an important event with adverse prognosis in the natural history of indolent lymphomas. There are minimal data on HT in the Australian setting.AimsTo characterise patients with biopsy‐proven HT and their outcomes identified at a tertiary Australian Hospital.MethodsAll patients with biopsy‐proven HT during a 15‐year period (2002–2017) were included. Clinico‐pathological data were systematically collected from review of patient records. Survival estimates were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. Associations between variables and clinical outcomes were evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards model.ResultsA cohort of 45 patients was identified with a median age of 66 years and the majority (59%) having high‐risk disease (Revised‐International Prognostic Index score ≥3). R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) induction was used in 69%, with an overall response rate of 82% (complete response (CR), 75%). Sixty‐one percent of these induction responders received consolidation, with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) performed in only 17% and rituximab maintenance given to 31%. With a median follow up of 47 months (range: 4–136), the 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 69% (95% CI: 52%, 81%). Chemotherapy‐naivety at HT was associated with a superior rate of CR (84% vs 54%, P = 0.057) and 5‐year OS (82% vs 46%, P = 0.012). Rituximab maintenance was associated with a durable progression‐free survival in induction responders.ConclusionsExcellent OS was observed in this modern cohort of patients treated with rituximab‐containing induction and low rate of consolidation by ASCT, particularly in those who were chemotherapy‐naïve at HT.
Role of myeloid cells in the regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cell‐mediated allergic inflammation
Authors: Lei Aihua , He Yumei , Yang Qiong , Li Xiaofang , Li Ranhui 
Published: July 2020

SummaryGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an important component of the innate immune system that execute important effector functions at barrier surfaces, such as lung and skin. Like T helper type 2 cells, ILC2s are able to release high amounts of type 2 cytokines that are essential in inducing allergic inflammation and eliminating helminth infections. The past few years have contributed to our better understanding of the interactions between ILC2s and other cells of the immune system via soluble factors or in a cell–cell contact manner. Myeloid cells, including mononuclear leukocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, are excellent sensors of tissue damage and infection and can influence ILC2 responses in the process of allergic inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent insights on how myeloid cell subsets regulate ILC2 activation with focus on soluble factors in the context of allergic inflammation.
Re‐definition of blanking period in radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the contact force era
Authors: Uetake Shunsuke , Miyauchi Yasushi , Mitsuishi Tatsuya , Maruyama Mitsunori , Seino Yoshihiko , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionEarly recurrence (ER) of atrial fibrillation (AF) is defined as the recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias within 3 months after AF ablation, however, this definition is based on data from the era of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), without contact force (CF) technology. We investigated the significance of ER as a risk factor for late recurrence (LR) in paroxysmal AF (PAF) patients treated with CF and non‐CF‐guided ablation.Methods and ResultsWe studied 395 patients with PAF who underwent RFCA. Of these, 97 patients underwent RFCA without‐CF technology (non‐CF group) and 298 underwent with CF technology (CF group). Over a 2‐year postablation follow‐up period, LR occurred in 54 (55.7%) patients in the non‐CF group, and in 105 (35.2%) patients in the CF group. ER had a more significant relationship with LR in the CF group, and all patients in the CF group with ER in the third month developed LR.ConclusionPAF patients with ER who have undergone CF‐guided ablation have a greater risk of LR than those who have undergone non‐CF‐guided ablation. ER in the third month after CF‐guided ablation may indicate an absolute risk of LR. Blanking period could be defined as 2 months in the CF era.
Digital Workflow to Merge an Intraoral Scan and CBCT of Edentulous Maxilla: A Technical Report
Authors: Carosi Paolo , Ferrigno Nicola , De Renzi Giovanni , Laureti Mauro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRehabilitation of edentulous maxilla is a challenging procedure. This technical report describes a new method to superimpose intraoral optical scanning of edentulous maxilla and the CBCT scan using a modified radiographic template. Digital data obtained can be exported and merged into 3D computer guided surgery software. The described technique can increase the predictability and the precision of complete‐arch rehabilitation planned by means of computer‐assisted implant surgery.
TOC1 in Nicotiana attenuata regulates efficient allocation of nitrogen to defense metabolites under herbivory stress
Authors: Valim Henrique , Dalton Heidi , Joo Youngsung , McGale Erica , Halitschke Rayko , Gaquerel Emmanuel , Baldwin Ian T. , Schuman Meredith C. 
Published: July 2020

Summary

The circadian clock contextualizes plant responses to environmental signals. Plants use temporal information to respond to herbivory, but many of the functional roles of circadian clock components in these responses, and their contribution to fitness, remain unknown.

We investigate the role of the central clock regulator TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) in Nicotiana attenuata's defense responses to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta under both field and glasshouse conditions. We utilize 15N pulse‐labeling to quantify nitrogen incorporation into pools of three defense compounds: caffeoylputrescine (CP), dicaffeoyl spermidine (DCS) and nicotine.

Nitrogen incorporation was decreased in CP and DCS and increased in nicotine pools in irTOC1 plants compared to empty vector (EV) under control conditions, but these differences were abolished after simulated herbivory. Differences between EV and irTOC1 plants in nicotine, but not phenolamide production, were abolished by treatment with the ethylene agonist 1‐methylcyclopropene. Using micrografting, TOC1's effect on nicotine was isolated to the root and did not affect the fitness of heterografts under field conditions.

These results suggest that the circadian clock contributes to plant fitness by balancing production of metabolically expensive nitrogen‐rich defense compounds and mediating the allocation of resources between vegetative biomass and reproduction.
Growth of foetal bones and metabolic profile during gestation in primiparous ewes and multiparous ewes
Authors: Damián Juan Pablo , Terrazas Angélica , Cabrera Elisa , Simonetti Sofía , Aragunde Rafael , Fila Danilo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrimiparous ewes and multiparous ewes show physiological differences during pregnancy, which can have an impact on the development of their offspring. The objective of this study was to compare the changes in the metabolic profile and in the size of some foetal bones throughout gestation between primiparous and multiparous ewes. Twelve primiparous (PM) ewes and 14 multiparous (MT) ewes were used. According to the dates of lambing, two groups of ewes were formed: Group 1 (G1, n = 6 PM and n = 7 MT) and Group 2 (G2, n = 6 PM and n = 7 MT). The body weight, body condition score, metabolic and foetal morphometric parameters were determined from before conception until the end of gestation. After lambing, the body weight and survival rate during the first 72 hr of life of lambs, as well as the maternal behaviour score were recorded. The PM ewes were lighter (p < .01) and had a greater mobilization of body reserves during gestation, mainly evidenced by a greater serum concentration of NEFAs and lower serum concentration of total proteins (p < .05) compared with the MT ewes. The parity did not affect the foetal morphometric variables. The lambs of MT ewes were heavier at parturition (p = .002) and tended to have a greater survival rate than those lambs of PM ewes (p = .09). In conclusion, PM ewes and MT ewes differ in their metabolic profile throughout the gestation. However, in the present study, we did not find parity differences in the dimensions of foetal bones during growth in gestation.
Biogeopolitics of COVID‐19: Asylum‐Related Migrants at the European Union Borderlands
Authors: Jauhiainen Jussi S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn biogeopolitics, the key state stakeholders develop and aim to accomplish their geopolitical goals by (mis)management and biopolitical governance of vulnerable population. In this paper, this population refers to asylum‐related migrants who use or aim to use an asylum request as their entry mechanism to the European Union. This paper explores the emergence of biogeopolitics at the EU borderland between Turkey and Greece during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020. Statistics about irregular migration from Turkey to Greece, field observations in Lesvos (Greece) as well as media and social media discussions about COVID‐19 in Lesvos are analysed. In the biogeopolitics of COVID‐19, the governance and (mis)management of asylum‐related migrants include policies and practices to let these migrants to live or die, including regulating illegal border‐crossings, everyday living conditions at the reception centres, and actions regarding the pandemic. The COVID‐19 pandemic was used as an additional tool to foster biogeopolitics.