bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive effects of asparagine and aspartate homeostasis with sex and age for the risk of type 2 diabetes risk
Authors: Luo Hui-Huan , Feng Xiao-Fei , Yang Xi-Lin , Hou Rui-Qin , fang zhongze 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Asparagine and aspartate homeostasis link with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to explore whether asparagine and aspartate metabolism interacted with sex and age to increase the risk of T2D.Methods From 27 May 2015 to 3 August 2016, we consecutively retrieved 1032 T2D patients and 1522 subjects without T2D from a tertiary care hospital in Liaoning, China. Restricted cubic spline nested in the logistic regression was used to draw odds ratio curves of plasma asparagine to aspartate ratio for T2D by sex and age. Cutoff point was select where curves went apart, indicating possible interaction. Addictive interactions of asparagine to aspartate ratio with sex or age and secondary interaction with copresence of unfavorable sex and age were further estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S). Results Ratio of asparagine to aspartate >1.5 was associated with elevated risk of T2D (OR: 7.99, 95%CI: 5.50 to 11.6), which was enhanced by female gender to 13.6, (95%CI: 8.10-22.9) and by >50 years of age to 28.7 (14.6-56.3), with significant additive interactions. There was a significant secondary-interaction of copresence of female sex and > 50 years of age with high asparagine to aspartate ratio for increased T2D risk with the OR being further increased to 34.4 (20.5 - 57.5). Conclusions High asparagine to aspartate ratio was associated with markedly increased risk of T2D, which was further amplified by either female gender or >50 years of age, and especially both.
Relationship Between the Face Scale for Rating of Perceived Exertion and Physiological Parameters in Older Adults and Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nashimoto Satoshi , Morishita Shinichiro , Hotta Kazuki , Iida Susumu , Tsubaki Atsuhiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The Borg scale is used to determine exercise intensity in rehabilitation but can be difficult for older adults to understand. By contrast, face scale that are used to evaluate pain are much easier to understand thanks to the inclusion of illustrations. On the other hand, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age. We aimed to investigate the correlation between face scale for rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and various physiological parameters during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in older adults and AF patients. We also investigated the relationship between Face Scale and anaerobic threshold (AT).Methods: Patients were asked to perform a ramp cardiopulmonary exercise test with an incremental increase in work rate (WR) of 10 watts/min, using a stationary bicycle until maximum fatigue. We recorded participant responses using a face scale for RPE compared with WR, heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO₂), and minute ventilation (VE) every minute during the exercise test. We determined the AT by the V-slope method.Results: We enrolled 90 sinus rhythm (SR) patients (74 men 16 women) and 22 AF patients. For SR men, SR women and AF, there were significant positive correlations between the face scale RPE and HR, VO₂, WR, and VE. There was no statistically significant differences difference in correlation coefficient between age and SR or AF. The cutoff value for AT of the Face Scale was “4” and it showed high sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions: These results suggest that the face scale can be used to determine the intensity of physical exercise equivalent to AT unaffected by age, gender, SR or AF.
The effect of royal jelly and tocotrienol-rich fraction along with calorie restriction on hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress and adipose tissue inflammation in diet-induced obese rats
Authors: Irandoost Pardis , Alamdari Naimeh Mesri , Saidpour Atoosa , Shidfar Farzad , Farsi Farnaz , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Alivand MohammadReza , Vafa Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic inflammation in obesity. Royal jelly (RJ) and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) are reported to ameliorate inflammation. However, the improving effects of RJ and TRF on inflammation from ER stress modulating view have not been assessed so far. Hence, we investigated the effect of RJ and TRF on ER stress and some adipose tissue-derived inflammatory markers in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Wistar obese rats randomly allocated into 5 groups: HFD, calorie restriction diet (CRD), RJ+CRD, TRF+CRD, RJ+TRF+CRD. After 8-week intervention, adipose tissues and hypothalamus were dissected and serum was collected. Results: RJ reduced glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) expression as ER stress indicator in WAT and hypothalamus compared to CRD. Besides, RJ diminished the expression of inflammatory markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) and also decreased the serum concentration of them. TRF reduced inflammatory markers in the serum without remarkable effects on ER stress. Overall, RJ has protective effect against adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation then suggested as a therapeutic approach to reduce some obesity-related complications. The impact of TRF in this regard is lower than RJ and limited to systemic inflammation improvement without remarkable changes in adipose tissue inflammation.
Intravesical dexmedetomidine instillation reduces postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in male patients under general anesthesia: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Chen Hong , Wang Bin , Li Qin , Zhou Juan , Li Rui , Zhang Ye 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) of male patients is a common clinical problem, albeit lacking effective solutions. The present study aimed to investigate whether intravesical dexmedetomidine instillation alleviates the postoperative urinary discomfort in male patients with catheter under general anesthesia. Methods: This single-blinded, prospective, randomized study included a total of 167 male patients American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia were allocated to two groups: 84 in the dexmedetomidine group and 83 in the control group. Dexmedetomidine group patients received intravesical instillation of the drug 0.5 μg/kg and normal saline 20 mL, while the control group received intravesical instillation of 20 mL normal saline. The catheter was clamped for 30 min after intravesical instillation for all patients. Bladder stimulation scales and urethra pain numerical rating scale (NRS) scores were measured at admittance to post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) (T0), intravesical instillation (T1), 30 min (T2), 60 min (T3), 2 h (T4) after intravesical instillation, discharged from PACU (T5), and 6 h (T6) and 24 h (T7) after the operation. Patient satisfaction at discharge from PACU and 24 h post-operation were compared between the two groups. Results: Bladder stimulation scales and urethra pain NRS scores after 30 min of intravesical dexmedetomidine instillation to 24 h post-operation were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.001), and patient satisfaction was higher at discharge from PACU and 24 h post-operation (p<0.001). No diﬀerences were detected in Steward score out of PACU (p=0.213) and from the time of the end of operation to fully awake (p=0.417). Conclusion: Intravesical dexmedetomidine instillation reduces postoperative urinary discomfort and urethra pain and improves satisfaction in male patients under general anesthesia.
Pre-inhalation of Hydrogen-rich Gases Protect Against Caerulein-induced Mouse Acute Pancreatitis While Enhance the Pancreatic Hsp60 Protein Expression
Authors: Li Kun , Yin Hongling , Duan Yi , Lai Peizhen , Cai Yanchen , Wei Youzhen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) lacks targeted prevention and treatment measures. Some key points in the pathogenesis of AP remain unclear, such as early activation of pancreatic enzymes. Several recent reports have shown the protective effect of hydrogen on several AP animal models, and the mechanism is related to antioxidant activity. Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is known to accompany pancreatic enzymes synthesis and secretion pathway of in pancreatic acinar cells, while role of hsp60 in AP remains a topic. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of hydrogen pretreatment on experimental AP mice, as well as the possible mechanisms, focusing on antioxidant and Hsp60 expression alteration mechanisms.Methods: 80 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: HAP group, AP group, HNS group, and NS group and each group were set 3 observation time point as 1h, 3h and 5h (n=6- 8). Mouse AP model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50μg/kg caerulein per hour for 6 injections both in AP and HAP groups, and mice in NS group and HNS group given normal saline (NS) injections at the same way as control respectively. Mice in HAP group and HNS group were treated with hydrogen-rich gases inhalation for 3 days before the first injection of caerulein or saline, while mice in AP group and NS group in normal air condition. Histopathology of pancreatic tissue, plasma amylase and lipase, plasma IL-1 and IL-6, pancreatic glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and Hsp60 mRNA and protein expression were investigated. Comparisons were made by one-way analysis of variance.Results: The pancreatic pathological changes, plasma amylase and lipase activity, and the increase of plasma IL-1 and IL-6 levels in AP mice were significantly improved by the hydrogen-rich gases pretreatment, Meanwhile, the pancreatic GSH content increased and the pancreatic MDA content decreased. And, the hydrogen-rich gases pretreatment improved the Hsp60 protein expression in pancreatic tissues of AP mice at 1h and 5h. Conclusions: Pre-inhalation of hydrogen-rich gases have a good protective effect on AP mice, and the possible mechanisms of reduced oxidative stress and the early increased pancreatic Hsp60 protein deserve attention.
Multi-Locational Evaluation of Medium-Staple Cotton Genotypes for Seed-Cotton Yield under the Middleveld Agro-Ecological Zones of Zimbabwe
Authors: Mare Marco , Chapepa Blessing , Mubvekeri Washington 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe Zimbabwean national cotton breeding programme has the mandate to develop superior cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum) varieties with good field performance and high fibre properties. Cotton productivity in Zimbabwe has remained very low, with national average seed cotton yield record of 650kg ha-1 (AMA Report, 2019) compared to the potential 2000kg ha-1. Since this is a result of many biotic and abiotic factors, field experiments laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design were conducted on ten genotypes (seven test genotypes and three check varieties) from 2012 to 2019 across 13 diverse locations in Zimbabwe to evaluate cotton yield performance, stability and adaptability by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Genotype and Genotype by Environment Interaction (GGE) Biplot methods. ResultsThe Analysis of Variance indicated significant (P< 0.001) effects of Genotype (G), Environment (E) and their Interaction (GE). The highest percentage of variation was explained by E/G/GE (60.34%) while G/E+GE together explained the rest of the variation (<40%). Joint effects of G and GE were partitioned using the GGE biplot analysis explaining total of 59.08% (PC1 = 36.96% and PC2 =22.12%) of the GGE sum of squares. The biplot analysis revealed that candidates 917-05-7, TN96-05-9, 912-05-1 and GN 96 (b)-05-8 were the ideal and stable genotypes. The candidate variety 917-05-7 significantly (P< 0.001) showed superior yield performance over checks CRI-MS1 and CRI-MS2 recording 5% and 5.5% yield increase respectively. Candidate 917-05-7 recorded a higher earliness index (78.11%) over checks CRI-MS1 and CRI-MS2 (77 and 76% respectively) thus indicating potential attributes for good cotton production with more pick-able bolls earlier than the current commercial varieties.ConclusionCandidate 917-05-7 has been identified as the ideal genotype in terms of high yielding potential, and stability hence recommended for commercial release and use as breeding parent for future breeding programs.
Ketorolac and Predicted Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Shahbazi Shaahin , Shariatpanahi Zahra Vahdat , Shahbazi Erfan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: We evaluated effect of ketorolac on reducing the severity of acute pancreatitis.Methods: Fifty six adult patients, with predicted severe acute pancreatitis were randomly divided into two groups. The patients in the study group received intravenous ketorolac, 10 mg, 3 times daily from time of enrollment for a maximum of 5 days as needed along with standard medical treatment. Primary outcome measure was the change in the serum level of hs-CRP. Patients were also followed up in terms of hospitalization duration, need for ICU care, development of organ failure, persistent organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, nutritional assessment and mortality. The study was continued to gather clinical follow up information up to 4 months.Results: Serum level of hs-CRP was significantly lower in the ketorolac group than in the control group on days 3, 4, and 5. Organ failure, pseudocyst formation, acute necrotic collection and intensive care unit transfer occurred non-significantly more in the control group than in the ketorolac group. Median days of hospitalization were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. Based on the Log rank test, survival within 4 months was marginally lower in the control group (P=0.076). The time to start feeding was significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group with no need to artificial enteral nutrition in the ketorolac group. Frequency of NPO (not per oral) was significantly lower in the ketorolac group.Conclusion: The use of ketorolac may improve feeding and clinical outcomes in severe acute pancreatitis.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02885441, Date: August 31, 2016
The Psyllids Triozoida Limbata Supplant the Defenses of Psidium Guajava Plants to Garentee Feeding and Protection
Authors: Picanço Mayara Moledo , Carmo Flávia Maria da Silva , Azevedo Aristea Alves , Lima Lucas Leal , Silva Ricardo Siqueira da , Ramos Humberto Josué de Oliveira , Souza Og Francisco Fonseca de , Picanço Marcelo Coutinho 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Herbivores cause biochemical, physiological, and morphological changes on plants. The ultimate effects of the herbivore activities are damages on the plant's body that can lead from local tissues death to the plant death. The intensity of herbivore attack and the plant's capability to defend itself determine the outcomes of herbivory. When the plant under attack has economic importance, such damages can diminish the productivity of the plantation and compromise the economy of families and the local communities. Although the adverse effects of herbivory on plants and economy are entirely known, some biological mechanisms underlying these damages remain unclear, especially at the anatomical and hormonal levels. The psyllid Triozoida limbata (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a critical guava (Psidium guajava) pest in the Neotropical region, causing productivity plantation losses up to 55%. Psyllids cause visible morphological changes on guava leaves; however, there is a lack of detailed studied of the cellular, anatomical, and hormonal aspects of the subject. Thus, this work aimed to determine the alterations caused in guava leaves by T. limbata through anatomical and hormonal analyzes. Results: We found that the psyllid's nymphs feeding causes cells hypertrophy and hyperplasia determining the formation of the leaf-roll galls. Although there was no anatomical differentiation of the mesophilic tissues, the cells accumulate starch. Along with the anatomical changes, we observed increasing in the jasmonic acid and reduction of zeatin concentrations in the leaves. Conclusions: The alteration of phytohormone contents and the anatomical changes indicates that the feeding of T. limbata activates plant defenses, but it is not active toward the insects off. The insect nymphs live inside the leaf-roll galls until adults' phase, feeding on the guava leaves xylem and phloem. In commercial guava orchard, the control of T. limbata nymphs have been difficult. Thus, the understanding of the composition of this protective layer can help to find the most effective and efficient control solution for this pest.
Construction of a High Density Genetic Map and QTL Mapping of PEG-Induced Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage in Sesame Using Whole Genome Re-Sequencing
Authors: Liang Junchao , Ye Yanying , Yan Xiaowen , Yan Tingxian , Rao Yueliang , Zhou Hongying , Sun Jian , Le Meiwang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundImprovement in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) drought tolerance at seedling stage is important for yield stability. Genetic approaches combing with conventional breeding is the most effective way to develop drought-tolerant cultivars. So far, very few studies have been reported to reveal gene/ quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling drought tolerance in sesame. To identify the genomic regions associated with drought tolerance, we constructed a high-density genetic map using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population through whole genome re-sequencing (WGRS) technique. QTLs contributing to three seedling traits were identified under both non-stress and water stress conditions.ResultsThree drought tolerance related traits and their relative values (the ratio of value under stress to value under control condition), including seedling weight (SW), shoot length (SL) and root length (RL), were evaluated under control and PEG-induced osmotic conditions at seedling stage in a RIL population derived from cross of Zhushanbai (ZSB) and Jinhuangma (JHM). Significant variation and high broad sense heritability were observed for all traits except SW under stress condition in the population. With this population, a high-density linkage map with 1354 bin markers was constructed through WGRS strategy. Composite interval mapping analysis was performed for all the traits as well as their relative phenotypic data. A total of 34 QTLs were detected for these three traits under both conditions and their relative values, and 13 stable QTLs associated with seven traits could be revealed in two independent experiments, explaining on average, 4.95-16.26% of phenotypic variation for each QTL. Four of them contributed more than 10% of phenotypic variation. Root length related QTLs were first identified in sesame. One region on chromosome 12 contained two major QTLs related to RL under osmotic condition and relative RL. ConclusionThe current study reports the first QTL mapping of drought tolerance related traits through a RIL population and first QTL detection of root related trait (root length) in sesame. These findings will provide new genetic resources for molecular improvement of drought tolerance and candidate gene identification in sesame.
Transcriptome and Metabolite Profiling Analyses Provide Insight Into Volatile Aroma Compounds of the Apple Cultivar ‘Ruixue’ and Its Parents During Fruit Development
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Hao Nini , Feng Ruifang , Meng Zhipeng , Li Yana , Zhao Zhengyang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Aroma is one the most crucial inherent quality attributes of fruit. ‘Ruixue’ apples were selected from a cross between ‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Fuji’, a later ripening yellow new cultivar. However, there is little known about the content and composition of aroma compounds in ‘Ruixue’ apples or the genetic characters of ‘Ruixue’ and its parents. In addition, the metabolic pathways for biosynthesis of aroma volatiles and aroma-related genes remain poorly understood.Results: Volatile aroma compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Our results show that the aroma proﬁle of volatile compounds changes with ripening. Aldehydes were the dominant volatile compounds in early fruit development, with alcohols and esters increasing dramatically during maturation. In ripe fruit, esters and terpenoids were the main aroma volatiles in ripening fruit of ‘Pink Lady’ and ‘Fuji’ apples, and they included butyl 2-methylbutanoate, propanoic acid, hexyl ester, propanoic acid, hexyl ester, hexanoic acid, hexyl ester, acetic acid, hexyl ester and (Z, E)-α-farnesene. Interestingly, aldehydes and terpenoids were the dominant volatile aroma compounds in ripening fruit of ‘Ruixue’, and they mainly included 2-hexenal, 2-hexenal, octanal, (E)-2-octenal, nonanal and (Z, E)-α-farnesene. By comparing the transcriptome proﬁles of ‘Ruixue’ and its parents fruits during development, we identiﬁed a large number of aroma-related genes related to the fatty acid, isoleucine and sesquiterpenoid metabolism pathways and transcription factors that may regulate aroma biosynthesis. Conclusions: Our initial study facilitates a better understanding of the volatile aroma compounds that affect fruit flavour as well as the mechanisms underlying diﬀerences in flavour between ‘Ruixue’ and its parents.
Mitochondria in human acute myeloid leukemia cell lines have ultrastructural alterations linked to deregulation of their respiratory profiles
Authors: Mondet Julie , Presti Caroline Lo , Chevalier Simon , Bertrand Anne , Tondeur Sylvie , Blanchet Sandrine , Leer Anne Mc , Pernet-Gallay Karin , Mossuz Pascal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mitochondria are not only essential for cell metabolism and energy supply but they are also engaged in calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species generation and play a key role in apoptosis. As a consequence, functional mitochondria disorders are involved in many human cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, very little data are available about the deregulation of their number and/or shape in leukemic cells, despite the evident link between ultrastructure and function. In this context, we analyzed the ultrastructural mitochondrial parameters (number per cell, mitochondria area, number of cristae/mitochondria, cristae thickness) in five leukemia cell lines (HEL, HL60, K562, KG1 and OCI-AML3) together with the functional assay of their respiratory profile. First of all, we show significant differences within basal respiration, maximal respiration, ATP production and spare respiratory capacity between our cell lines, confirming the various respiratory profiles between leukemia subtypes. Second, we highlight that these variations were obviously associated with significant inter-leukemia heterogeneity of the number and/or shape of mitochondria. For instance, KG1 characterized by the lowest number of mitochondria together with reduced cristae diameter displayed a very particularly deficient respiratory profile. In comparison, HEL and K562, both cell lines with high respiratory profiles, harbored the highest number of mitochondria/cells with high cristae diameters. We show the leukemia lines present ultrastructural alterations of their mitochondria likely to impact the regulatory pathways of cell mortality, such as the process of mitophagy or calcium homeostasis. Indeed, a significant disparity in the presence of Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) precursors among AML cell lines, suggesting that leukemic cells displayed alteration of mitophagy, is also shown. For instance, few MDV precursors were observed in K562, carrying ASXL1mutation. Moreover, HL60 carried high levels of matrix granules and Mitochondria-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum membranes (MAMs) both implicated in calcium-dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, this study offers new and original data on mitochondria heterogeneity linked to the deregulation of respiration profiles in AMLs, suggesting that modifications of mitochondria shape and/or number in leukemic cells could be a targeted mechanism to regulate their proliferative potential.