bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Impact of Clean Energy Production on CO2 Abatement in Denmark: Upper Bound Estimation and Forecasting
Authors: Christensen Bent Jesper , Datta Gupta Nabanita , Santucci de Magistris Paolo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing annual data from 1978 through 2016, and monthly data from January 2005 through November 2017 from Denmark, we provide a precise estimate of the upper bound on the potential impact of the adoption of wind energy on the reduction of CO2 emissions from energy production. We separate causal impacts from endogenous effects in regressions using instrumental variables including average wind speed, and from spurious effects in dynamic systems using impulse-response analysis and cointegration techniques. A one percentage point increase in the share of wind in total energy production is found to cause a reduction in CO2 emissions of the order 0.3%, based on endogeneity-corrected regression, and 0.5% over 2 years in a fractional vector error-correction model, after allowing the cumulative effects to take place. This corresponds to an upper bound estimate of 0.69 tonnes of CO2 emissions avoided per additional MWh of wind energy produced. We find that after a structural break at the time of introduction of the EU ETS and the Kyoto Protocol in 2005, the country has been on track towards meeting its long-term goals for emission reduction and green energy production, but not before.
The role of reward sensitivity and childhood maltreatment in predicting nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Kautz Marin M. , Burke Taylor A. , Siegel David M. , Case Julia , Alloy Lauren B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveFindings from prior research on reward sensitivity in nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) have been mixed. Childhood maltreatment is an independent risk factor for NSSI and for hyposensitivity to rewards. This study aimed to disentangle the role of reward sensitivity as a predictor of NSSI for those with an elevated severity of childhood maltreatment.MethodIn a diverse undergraduate sample (N = 586), trait reward sensitivity (i.e., behavioral approach system subscales) and the severity of maltreatment were assessed as predictors of a lifetime history of NSSI. In a subset of this sample (n = 51), predictors of NSSI urge intensity were measured using ecological momentary assessment.ResultsIndividuals with elevated maltreatment who reported less positive responsiveness to rewards were more likely to have a lifetime history of NSSI. Those with elevated maltreatment who reported a lower likelihood to approach rewards experienced more intense NSSI urges across the ten‐day observation period. However, those with elevated maltreatment who reported a greater likelihood to approach rewards experienced less intense NSSI urges.ConclusionsThe role of reward sensitivity as a cognitive risk factor for NSSI varies depending on childhood maltreatment history. Findings indicate that, for those with elevated maltreatment, hypersensitivity to approaching rewards may decrease risk for NSSI urges.
German Learners' Beliefs About Peer Interaction and Peer Feedback
Authors: Sippel Lieselotte 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated learners' beliefs about peer interaction (PI) and peer corrective feedback (PCF) in the language classroom. A group of third‐semester German learners (the –PCF group) participated in peer interaction activities, specifically conversations and discussions with other learners. Another group of third‐semester German learners (the +PCF group) engaged in the same activities and students were encouraged to point out their peers' errors during these activities. Afterward, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with individual learners to gain insights into their beliefs about peer interaction and peer feedback. Interview data from 35 randomly selected learners showed that learners in both groups held positive beliefs about peer interaction and peer feedback. However, results also indicated that learners in the +PCF group felt more comfortable correcting other learners and were more likely to believe their peers' corrections when compared to learners in the –PCF group. Overall, these results suggest that both peer interaction and peer feedback have their place in language classrooms, especially when combined with recent research underscoring their positive effects on language development (e.g., Sato & Lyster, 2012).
Percent recovery of insulin from two different concentrations (3 U/250 mL and 45 U/250 mL) of regular insulin solutions prepared for continuous rate infusion
Authors: Clark Jeannie L. , Rudloff Elke , Rick Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the percent recovery of regular insulin prepared for administration as a continuous rate infusion (CRI) using 2 different concentrations, 3 and 45 U in 250 mL 0.9% saline.DesignIn vitro experimentSettingPrivately‐owned emergency and referral teaching hospital.AnimalsNoneInterventionCommercial 250 mL 0.9% sodium chloride IV fluid bags were injected with either 3 U (solution bag A) or 45 U (solution bag B) of regular insulin. The insulin concentration was measured in each bag. A fluid administration and extension set were connected to each bag and 50 mL was drained through the IV tubing. The insulin concentration was then measured from samples post washout.Measurements and Main ResultsComparison of the concentration of insulin injected into the bag and concentration of insulin in the bag showed that there was a 29.7 and 37.3% recovery of insulin from solution bag A and solution bag B, respectively. Comparison of the concentration of insulin injected into the bag and concentration of insulin in the post 50‐mL washout samples showed that there was an 11.9 and 30.6% recovery of insulin from bags A and B, respectively.ConclusionsSubstantially more insulin was available after a 50‐mL washout from solution bag B compared to solution bag A. Insulin binding to the IV bag and fluid administration set is likely the cause of this difference.Clinical SignificancePatients receiving lower concentrations of insulin as a CRI, such as might be prescribed for cats and small dogs may require longer time for resolution of hyperglycemia and ketonemia.
Aero Engine Concepts Beyond 2030: Part 3—Experimental Demonstration of Technological Feasibility
Authors: Schmitz Oliver , Kaiser Sascha , Klingels Hermann , Kufner Petra , Obermüller Martin , Henke Martin , Zanger Jan , Grimm Felix , Schuldt Simon , Marcellan Anna , Cirigliano Daniele , Kutne Peter , Heron-Himmel Alex , Schneider Stephan , Richter Judith , Weigand Bernhard , Göhler-Stroh Anne , Seitz Arne , Hornung Mirko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recognizing the attention currently devoted to the environmental impact of aviation, this three-part publication series introduces two new aircraft propulsion concepts for the timeframe beyond 2030. The first part focuses on the novel steam injecting and recovering aero engine concept. In the second part, the free-piston composite cycle engine (FP-CCE) concept is presented. Complementary to the two technical publications, this third part describes the cooperative project, which was initiated by an interdisciplinary consortium, aiming at the demonstration and the proof-of-concept of both aforementioned aero engine concepts. At the beginning of the project, simulations on propulsion, aircraft system, and test bench level will be conducted. On this basis, preliminary tests and fundamental experiments are planned in order to establish a solid basis for the demonstration. Finally, a system demonstration will be carried out at the laboratory level. Thus, the project allows for a final judgment on both the feasibility of the new concepts and the attainability of the requirements for future aircraft propulsion systems.
Palladium Nanoparticles in Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene:
Synthesis and Application in the Hydrogenation of Arenes
Authors: Lyubimov S. E. , Zvinchuk A. A. , Korlyukov A. A. , Davankov V. A. , Parenago O. P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A novel method for incorporation of palladium nanoparticles into a porous
hypercrosslinked polystyrene matrix has been developed. The composite obtained
by reduction of [Pd(π-allyl)Cl]2 with hydrogen in
supercritical CO2 shows high catalytic activity in the
hydrogenation of benzene and can be used twelve (12) times in a row without any
decrease in conversion rate. The catalyst is also suitable for quantitative
hydrogenation of toluene, tetralin and phenol. The obtained catalytic system is
compared with the palladium composite synthesized by a conventional method based
on hypercrosslinked polystyrene.
Improvement in time to treatment, but not time to diagnosis, in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type I
Authors: Giugliani Roberto , Muschol Nicole , Keenan Hillary A. , Dant Mark , Muenzer Joseph 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveEarly diagnosis and treatment initiation are important factors for successful treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I). The purpose of this observational study was to assess whether age at diagnosis and time to first treatment for individuals with MPS I have improved over the last 15 years.Study designData from the MPS I Registry (NCT00144794) for individuals with attenuated or severe disease who initiated therapy with laronidase enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2017 were included.ResultsData were available for 740 individuals with attenuated (n=291) or severe (n=424) MPS I (unknown n=25). Median age at diagnosis for attenuated disease did not change over time and ranged between 4.5 and 6 years of age while the median duration from diagnosis to first ERT decreased from 5.6 years before/during 2004 to 2.4 months in 2014–2017. For severe MPS I treated with HSCT, median age at diagnosis was less than 1 year and median time to first treatment was less than 3 months throughout the 15-year observation period.ConclusionsTimes to diagnosis and HSCT initiation for individuals with severe MPS I were consistent over time. For individuals with attenuated MPS I, the time to ERT initiation after diagnosis has improved substantially in the last 15 years, but median age at diagnosis has not improved. Efforts to improve early diagnosis in attenuated MPS I are needed to ensure that patients receive appropriate treatment at the optimal time.
Cultural and environmental associations with body image, diet and well-being in NCAA DI female distance runners: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Carson Traci Lyn , Tournat Troy , Sonneville Kendrin , Zernicke Ronald F , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to describe current and former National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division One (DI) female distance runners’ experiences of perceived norms of body image and disordered eating in their sport, as well as the emergence and influence of coach–athlete power dynamics.This manuscript reports a qualitative research study (consisting of interviews and thematic analysis) of women athletes’ experiences of perceived norms of body image and disordered eating in their sport. We also report athletes’ experiences of coach–athlete power dynamics.MethodsThe study sample included 29 current and former female NCAA DI female distance runners, defined as competing in 800-metre distance or greater. Interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and hand transcribed. A thematic analysis was performed and presented.ResultsTwo major themes emerged: (1) sport body ideals and body image norms and myths that exist in the sport, and (2) the power dynamic between athletes and coaches. It is not clear whether sport body ideals and culture of running influences coaching culture, or whether the coaches—who maintain positions of power in the sport—perpetuate the culture. These themes likely feed into each other and reinforce the existing and dominant mentalities of the sport.ConclusionSport body image ideals and the power dynamic between coach and athlete may contribute to female athlete’s risk of disordered eating and body image disturbance. We call for the NCAA and athletic departments to develop and implement prevention and intervention programmes to prevent eating and body image disorders in this high-risk population.
Need for recovery amongst emergency physicians in the UK and Ireland: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Cottey Laura , Roberts Tom , Graham Blair , Horner Daniel , Stevens Kara Nicola , Enki Doyo , Lyttle Mark David , Latour Jos 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo determine the need for recovery (NFR) among emergency physicians and to identify demographic and occupational characteristics associated with higher NFR scores.DesignCross-sectional electronic survey.SettingEmergency departments (EDs) (n=112) in the UK and Ireland.ParticipantsEmergency physicians, defined as any registered physician working principally within the ED, responding between June and July 2019.Main outcome measureNFR Scale, an 11-item self-administered questionnaire that assesses how work demands affect intershift recovery.ResultsThe median NFR Score for all 4247 eligible, consented participants with a valid NFR Score was 70.0 (95% CI: 65.5 to 74.5), with an IQR of 45.5–90.0. A linear regression model indicated statistically significant associations between gender, health conditions, type of ED, clinical grade, access to annual and study leave, and time spent working out-of-hours. Groups including male physicians, consultants, general practitioners (GPs) within the ED, those working in paediatric EDs and those with no long-term health condition or disability had a lower NFR Score. After adjusting for these characteristics, the NFR Score increased by 3.7 (95% CI: 0.3 to 7.1) and 6.43 (95% CI: 2.0 to 10.8) for those with difficulty accessing annual and study leave, respectively. Increased percentage of out-of-hours work increased NFR Score almost linearly: 26%–50% out-of-hours work=5.7 (95% CI: 3.1 to 8.4); 51%–75% out-of-hours work=10.3 (95% CI: 7.6 to 13.0); 76%–100% out-of-hours work=14.5 (95% CI: 11.0 to 17.9).ConclusionHigher NFR scores were observed among emergency physicians than reported in any other profession or population to date. While out-of-hours working is unavoidable, the linear relationship observed suggests that any reduction may result in NFR improvement. Evidence-based strategies to improve well-being such as proportional out-of-hours working and improved access to annual and study leave should be carefully considered and implemented where feasible.
Randomised comparison of postpolypectomy surveillance intervals following a two-round baseline colonoscopy: the Japan Polyp Study Workgroup
Authors: Matsuda Takahisa , Fujii Takahiro , Sano Yasushi , Kudo Shin-ei , Oda Yasushi , Hotta Kinichi , Shimoda Tadakazu , Saito Yutaka , Kobayashi Nozomu , Sekiguchi Masau , Konishi Kazuo , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Iishi Hiroyasu , Takeuchi Yoji , Igarashi Masahiro , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Sada Miwa , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Hasuda Kiwamu , Shinohara Tomoaki , Ishikawa Hideki , Murakami Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Fujimori Takahiro , Ajioka Yoichi , Yoshida Shigeaki 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo assess whether follow-up colonoscopy after polypectomy at 3 years only, or at 1 and 3 years would effectively detect advanced neoplasia (AN), including nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms (NP-CRNs).DesignA prospective multicentre randomised controlled trial was conducted in 11 Japanese institutions. The enrolled participants underwent a two-round baseline colonoscopy (interval: 1 year) to remove all neoplastic lesions. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to undergo follow-up colonoscopy at 1 and 3 years (2-examination group) or at 3 years only (1-examination group). The incidence of AN, defined as lesions with low-grade dysplasia ≥10 mm, high-grade dysplasia or invasive cancer, at follow-up colonoscopy was evaluated.ResultsA total of 3926 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 57.3 (range: 40–69) years, and 2440 (62%) were male. Of these, 2166 patients were assigned to two groups (2-examination: 1087, 1-examination: 1079). Overall, we detected 29 AN in 28 patients at follow-up colonoscopy in both groups. On per-protocol analysis (701 in 2-examination vs 763 in 1-examination group), the incidence of AN was similar between the two groups (1.7% vs 2.1%, p=0.599). The results of the non-inferiority test were significant (p=0.017 in per-protocol, p=0.001 in intention-to-treat analysis). NP-CRNs composed of dominantly of the detected AN (62%, 18/29), and most of them were classified into laterally spreading tumour non-granular type (83%, 15/18).ConclusionAfter a two-round baseline colonoscopy, follow-up colonoscopy at 3 years detected AN, including NP-CRNs, as effectively as follow-up colonoscopies performed after 1 and 3 years.
Efficacy and safety of rituximab biosimilar in refractory lupus
Authors: Pongtarakulpanit Nantakarn , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Ngamjanyaporn Pintip 
Published: November 2020

AimsTo characterise patients with refractory SLE receiving rituximab biosimilar (CT-P10) and to explore short-term efficacy and safety associated with rituximab biosimilar use.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from the medical records of patients with refractory SLE who received CT-P10 in Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand. Baseline characteristics, disease activity (modified Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)), response to treatment at 6 months after CT-P10 and infection over 6 months were recorded.ResultsThirty-two patients with SLE received CT-P10 from April 2018 to June 2019. Of these, 29 (90.6%) were female and the mean±SD age was 36.8±15.2 years. The median (IQR) disease duration was 9.5 (1.3–13.0) years. All patients received glucocorticoid treatment and used 1.7±0.1 immunosuppressive agents at baseline, excluding antimalarial drugs. Baseline Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index score was 0.5 (0.0–1.0). Overall response, which was defined as a reduction in the modified SLEDAI score of ≥4, was achieved in 25.0% of patients at 6 months. The modified SLEDAI score reduced from 4 (1.3–8.0) at baseline to 1 (0.0–5.8) at 6 months (p=0.005). Response by active organ involvement was 71.8%. Serious infection occurred in four patients (12.5%), resulting in one death. The median time of onset of infection after CT-P10 infusion was 35.5 (17.0–72.5) days.ConclusionRituximab biosimilar is associated with improvement in active organ involvement in patients with refractory SLE. Infection occurred early after rituximab biosimilar infusion.
Contacts with general practitioner, sick leave and work participation after electrical injuries: a register-based, matched cohort study
Authors: Biering Karin , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Nielsen Kent Jacob , Carstensen Ole , Kærgaard Anette 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveExposure to electrical current may cause injury with both mental and physiological consequences. This may lead to increased contacts with general practitioners (GP) and the injured person may develop reduced ability to work. We aimed to examine these outcomes in terms of work-participation, long-term sick leave and contacts with GPs.MethodsIn a matched cohort design, we identified 14 112 electrical injuries in two registries and matched these with both patients with distorsion injuries or eye injuries, and with persons from the same occupation, using year of injury, sex and age for matching. We defined the outcomes based on register information regarding contacts with GPs and public transfer income. After the injury, we determined if the person had a long-term sick leave episode during the first 6, 12 months and 5 years. We calculated work participation during the year and 5 years and the number of GP contacts in the year of the injury, the year after and 5 years after the injury and dichotomised this at twice the mean number of contacts in the study population. The associations were analysed using conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe found increased risk for all defined outcomes, with the highest estimates in the occupation match. The risk estimates were similar over time. Adjusting for previous work participation increased the estimates slightly, whereas adjusting for previous contacts with GPs reduced the estimates. Restricting to those with at longer hospitalisation increased the estimates.ConclusionElectrical injuries increase risk of long-term sick leave, low work participation and increased contacts with GPs.
COVID-19 basics and vaccine development with a Canadian perspective
Authors: Liu Marina , Chen Xiongbiao 
Published: November 2020

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a rapidly evolving situation. New discoveries about COVID-19 and its causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continue to deepen the understanding of this novel disease. As there is currently no COVID-19 specific treatment, isolation is the most effective method to prevent transmission. Moreover, development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine will be instrumental in reinstating pre-COVID-19 conditions. As of 31 July 2020, there are at least 139 vaccine candidates from around the globe in preclinical evaluation, with another 26 undergoing clinical evaluation. This paper aims to review the basics of COVID-19, including epidemiology, basic biology of SARS-CoV-2, and transmission. We also review COVID-19 vaccine development, including animal models, platforms under development, and vaccine development in Canada.
Analysis of the X0(2900) as the scalar tetraquark state via the QCD sum rules
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang 
Published: November 2020

In this article, we study the axialvector-diquark–axialvector-antidiquark (AA)-type and scalar-diquark–scalar-antidiquark (SS) type fully open flavor [Formula: see text] tetraquark states with the spin-parity [Formula: see text] via the QCD sum rules. The predicted masses [Formula: see text] GeV and [Formula: see text] GeV support assigning the [Formula: see text] to be the AA-type scalar [Formula: see text] tetraquark state.
Approximation of the Mumford–Shah functional by phase fields of bounded variation
Authors: Belz Sandro , Bredies Kristian 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we introduce a new phase field approximation of the Mumford–Shah functional similar to the well-known one from Ambrosio and Tortorelli. However, in our setting the phase field is allowed to be a function of bounded variation, instead of an [Formula: see text]-function. In the context of image segmentation, we also show how this new approximation can be used for numerical computations, which contains a total variation minimization of the phase field variable, as it appears in many problems of image processing. A comparison to the classical Ambrosio–Tortorelli approximation, where the phase field is an [Formula: see text]-function, shows that the new model leads to sharper phase fields.