bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beauveria bassiana ERL836 and JEF-007 with similar virulence show different gene expression when interacting with cuticles of western flower thrips, Frankniella occidentalis
Authors: Kim Sihyeon , Kim Jong Cheol , Lee Se Jin , Lee Mi Rong , Park So Eun , Li Dongwei , Baek Sehyeon , Shin Tae Young , Kim Jae Su 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Insect-killing fungal species, Beauveria bassiana, is as an environment-friendly pest management tool, and many isolates are on the track of industrialization. However, some of B. bassiana isolates show similar morphology and virulence against insect pests, and so it is hard to differentiate them. Herein we used two patented isolates, ERL836 and JEF-007, and investigated their virulence against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and further analyzed genome structures and transcriptional responses when interacting with cuticles of thrips to see possible differences on the initial step of fungal infection.

Results
The two isolates showed no significant differences in fungal growth, conidial production, and virulence against thrips, and they were structurally similar in genome. But, in transcription level, ERL836 appeared to infect thrips easily, while JEF-007 appeared to have more difficulty. In the GO analysis of ERL836 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), the number of up-regulated genes was much larger than that of down-regulated genes, when compared to JEF-007 DEGs (more genes down-regulated). Interestingly, in the enrichment analysis using shared DEGs between two infecting isolates, plasma membrane-mediated transporter activity and fatty acid degradation pathway including cytochrome P450 were more active in infecting ERL836.

Conclusion
The two B. bassiana isolates had similar morphology and virulence as well as genome structure, but in transcription level they differently interacted with the cuticle of western flower thrips. This comparative approach using shared DEG analysis could be easily applied to characterize the difference of the two B. bassiana isolates, JEF-007 and ERL836.
Identification and differential expression of serotransferrin and apolipoprotein A-I in the plasma of HIV-1 patients treated with first-line antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Barik Sushanta Kumar , Mohanty Keshar Kunja , Mohanty Ashok Kumar , Rawat Preeti , Gopal G. , Bisht Deepa , Patil Shripad A. , Singh Rananjay , Sharma Devesh , Tripathy Srikanth Prasad , Tandon Rekha , Singh Tej Pal , Jena Srikanta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Plasma proteins are known to interfere the drug metabolism during therapy. As limited information is available regarding the role of plasma proteins in HIV drug resistance during ART in HIV/AIDS patients, the present study aimed to identify and characterize the differentially expressed plasma proteins in the drug resistant and drug respondent groups of HIV-1 infected patients with > 6 years of first line ART.

Methods
Four-drug resistant (treatment failure) and four-drug respondent (treatment responder) patients were selected for plasma proteomic analysis based on viral load and drug resistance associated mutations from a cohort study designed on the first line ART patients who were enrolled in the antiretroviral therapy center, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, India from December 2009 to November 2016.
After depleting high abundant proteins, plasma proteins were resolved using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis on IPG strips, pH range of 3–10. Spots were selected in the gel based on the density of staining which was common in the drug resistant and drug respondent groups separately. The fold change of each spot was calculated using image-J. Each protein spot was identified using the matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight/time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) after tryptic digestion. Peptide peaks were identified through flex analysis version 3.3, and a search against a protein data base using the internal Mascot. Gene ontology study was completed through STRING v.11 and Panther15.0.

Results
Out of eight spots from 2D gel samples analyzed by MALDITOF/TOF, two proteins were found to have significant score (> 56) after Flex analysis. These two proteins were identified to be apolipoprotein A1 and serotransferrin. The fold change expression of these two proteins were analyzed in drug resistant and drug respondent group. Apolipoprotein-A1 and serotransferrin were observed to be expressed 1.76 and 1.13-fold more respectively in drug respondent group compared to drug resistant group. The gene ontology analysis revealed the involvement of these two proteins in various important physiological processes.

Conclusion
Apolipoprotein A-I and serotransferrin were found to be expressed more in drug respondent group compared to drug resistant group.
Anti-Müllerian hormone is correlated with cumulative live birth in minimal ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ezoe Kenji , Ni Xiaowen , Kobayashi Tamotsu , Kato Keiichi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Several studies have investigated the correlation between the serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in controlled ovarian stimulation cycles; however, studies regarding the correlation of the serum AMH level with IVF outcomes in minimal ovarian stimulation cycles remain limited. In this study, we aimed to analyze the correlation of the serum AMH level with ovarian responsiveness, embryonic outcomes, and cumulative live birth rates in clomiphene citrate (CC)-based minimal ovarian stimulation cycles.

Methods
Clinical records of 689 women whose entire ovarian stimulation regimen consisted solely of minimal stimulation cycle IVF using CC alone from November 2017 to October 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The association between IVF outcomes and the serum AMH level before the initiation of the first fertility treatment was analyzed. Furthermore, the correlation of the serum AMH level with cumulative live birth rates after IVF treatment was assessed. The Cochran-Armitage test, Pearson’s chi-squared test, Spearman rank correlation test, Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance, logistic regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the data.

Results
The serum AMH level positively correlated with the number of retrieved oocytes, blastocyst formation rate, blastocyst cryopreservation rate, and live birth rate per oocyte retrieval in CC-based minimal ovarian stimulation cycles without any exogenous gonadotropin administration. Furthermore, the cumulative live birth rate and treatment period required for conceiving were strongly associated with the serum AMH level at the initiation of fertility treatment.

Conclusions
A low serum AMH level correlated with low ovarian responsiveness, impaired pre-implantation embryonic development, and decreased cumulative live birth rate in CC-based minimal ovarian stimulation cycles. Therefore, the cycle success rate would be predicted by measuring the serum AMH level in minimal ovarian stimulation with CC alone.
Isolated nausea and vomiting as the cardinal presenting symptoms of clozapine-induced myocarditis: a case report
Authors: van der Horst M. Z. , van Houwelingen F. , Luykx J. J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic proven to be superior in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Myocarditis is a rare, but well-known complication of treatment with clozapine. Only few cases have been reported in which nausea and vomiting were prominent symptoms. This is the first described report in which nausea and vomiting were the only presenting symptoms of clozapine-induced myocarditis.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 58-year-old woman, suffering from schizoaffective disorder, who is being treated with clozapine. Two weeks after initiation of clozapine, she developed nausea and vomiting, in absence of any other clinical symptoms. Laboratory examination and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of clozapine-induced myocarditis. Clozapine was discontinued and the patient recovered fully.

Conclusions
This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing myocarditis as a cause of isolated nausea and vomiting in patients treated with clozapine. Early recognition improves clinical outcome and reduces mortality.
Proteus empyema as a rare complication from an infected renal cyst, a case report
Authors: Earasi Kranthikiran , Welch Caitlin , Zelickson Adam , Westover Clinton , Ramani Chintan , Sumner Cameron , Davis Eric M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The most commonly isolated organisms in a parapneumonic effusion include S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and S. aureus. If unusual organisms are isolated from the pleural space, further investigation is warranted to locate the primary source. We present a patient with an infected chronic renal cyst found to have an empyema secondary to Proteus mirabilis to highlight the importance of further diagnostic workup when encountering unusual organisms in the pleural space.

Case presentation
A 40-year-old African-American female, with a past medical history of asthma and sickle cell trait, presented with 5 weeks of upper respiratory tract symptoms and chest pain. A computed tomography angiogram (CTA) of the chest was negative for a pulmonary embolism but revealed a loculated left sided pleural effusion with associated left-lower lobe consolidation. She was started on empiric antibiotics, and a chest tube was inserted with drainage of frank pus. Fluid gram stain was positive for gram negative rods.
Intrapleural fibrinolytics were administered for 72 h given the presence of loculations. With no improvement following fibrinolytics, she was taken to the operating room for large bore chest tube placement and left visceral pleura decortication. Pleural fluid cultures speciated to Proteus mirabilis, so further cross-sectional imaging of her abdomen/pelvis was pursued to evaluate for a primary source. A complex cystic lesion in the upper pole of the left kidney that communicated with the ipsilateral diaphragm was identified. Subsequent drainage and culture of the renal cyst was positive for Proteus mirabilis. Given clinical improvement following these interventions she was discharged with an extended course of antibiotics with plans for repeat imaging following completion of treatment.

Conclusions
While cases of Proteus mirabilis empyema have previously been reported as a consequence of conditions such as pyelonephritis, we present, to our knowledge, the first case of a Proteus mirabilis empyema as a consequence of an infected renal cyst communicating with the pleural space. This study highlights that further evaluation with cross-sectional imaging is warranted when unusual organisms are found in the pleural space. Anatomic abnormalities that become apparent on imaging may help elucidate the source of infection.
3D printed complete removable dental prostheses: a narrative review
Authors: Anadioti Eva , Musharbash Leen , Blatz Markus B. , Papavasiliou George , Kamposiora Phophi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this paper is to review the available literature on three-dimensionally printed complete dentures in terms of novel biomaterials, fabrication techniques and workflow, clinical performance and patient satisfaction.MethodsThe methodology included applying a search strategy, defining inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting studies and forming tables to summarize the results. Searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were performed independently by two reviewers to gather literature published between 2010 and 2020.ResultsA total of 126 titles were obtained from the electronic database, and the application of exclusion criteria resulted in the identification of 21 articles pertaining to printed technology for complete dentures. Current innovations and developments in digital dentistry have successfully led to the fabrication of removable dental prostheses using CAD/CAM technologies. Milled dentures have been studied more than 3D printed ones in the currently available literature. The limited number of clinical studies, mainly case reports, suggest current indications of 3D printing in denture fabrication process to be custom tray, record bases, trial, interim or immediate dentures but not definitive prostheses fabrication. Limitations include poor esthetics and retention, inability to balance occlusion and low printer resolution.ConclusionsInitial studies on digital dentures have shown promising short-term clinical performance, positive patient-related results and reasonable cost-effectiveness. 3D printing has potential to modernize and streamline the denture fabrication techniques, materials and workflows. However, more research is required on the existing and developing materials and printers to allow for advancement and increase its application in removable prosthodontics.
Circ_0015756 promotes the progression of ovarian cancer by regulating miR-942-5p/CUL4B pathway
Authors: Du Zhenhua , Wang Lei , Xia Yu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the gynecologic cancer with the highest mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in the development and progression of cancer. This study aimed to explore the potential role of circ_0015756 in OC and its molecular mechanism.

Methods
The levels of circ_0015756, microRNA-942-5p (miR-942-5p) and Cullin 4B (CUL4B) were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) or Western blot assay. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. The levels of proliferation-related and metastasis-related proteins were measured by Western blot assay. The relationship between miR-942-5p and circ_0015756 or CUL4B was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay and RNA pull-down assay. Xenograft assay was used to analyze tumor growth in vivo.

Results
Circ_0015756 and CUL4B levels were increased, while miR-942-5p level was decreased in OC tissues and cells. Depletion of circ_0015756 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis in OC cells. Down-regulation of circ_0015756 hindered OC cell progression via modulating miR-942-5p. Also, up-regulation of miR-942-5p impeded OC cell development by targeting CUL4B. Mechanistically, circ_0015756 up-regulated CUL4B via sponging miR-942-5p. Moreover, circ_0015756 silencing inhibited tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusion
Knockdown of circ_0015756 suppressed OC progression via regulating miR-942-5p/CUL4B axis, suggesting that circ_0015756 might be a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Population genetic analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in two distinct ecological regions in Ghana
Authors: Amegashie Elikplim A. , Amenga-Etego Lucas , Adobor Courage , Ogoti Peter , Mbogo Kevin , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred , Ghansah Anita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtensive genetic diversity in thePlasmodium falciparumcircumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) is a major contributing factor to the moderate efficacy of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine. The transmission intensity and rates of recombination within and between populations influence the extent of its genetic diversity. Understanding the extent and dynamics of PfCSP genetic diversity in different transmission settings will help to interpret the results of current RTS,S efficacy and Phase IV implementation trials conducted within and between populations in malaria-endemic areas such as Ghana.MethodsPfcspsequences were retrieved from the Illumina-generated paired-end short-read sequences of 101 and 131 malaria samples from children aged 6–59 months presenting with clinical malaria at health facilities in Cape Coast (in the coastal belt) and Navrongo (Guinea savannah region), respectively, in Ghana. The sequences were mapped onto the 3D7 reference strain genome to yield high-quality genome-wide coding sequence data. Following data filtering and quality checks to remove missing data, 220 sequences were retained and analysed for the allele frequency spectrum, genetic diversity both within the host and between populations and signatures of selection. Population genetics tools were used to determine the extent and dynamics ofPfcspdiversity inP. falciparumfrom the two geographically distinct locations in Ghana.ResultsPfcspshowed extensive diversity at the two sites, with the higher transmission site, Navrongo, exhibiting higher within-host and population-level diversity. The vaccine strain C-terminal epitope ofPfcspwas found in only 5.9% and 45.7% of the Navrongo and Cape Coast sequences, respectively. Between 1 and 6 amino acid variations were observed in the TH2R and TH3R epitope regions of PfCSP. Tajima’s D was negatively skewed, especially for the population from Cape Coast, given the expected historical population expansion. In contrast, a positive Tajima’s D was observed for the NavrongoP. falciparumpopulation, consistent with balancing selection acting on the immuno-dominant TH2R and TH3R vaccine epitopes.ConclusionThe low frequencies of thePfcspvaccine haplotype in the analysed populations indicate a need for additional molecular and immuno-epidemiological studies with broader temporal and geographic sampling in endemic populations targeted for RTS,S application. These results have implications for the efficacy of the vaccine in Ghana and will inform the choice of alleles to be included in future multivalent or chimeric vaccines.
Reprogramming of synovial macrophage metabolism by synovial fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions
Authors: Saeki Noritaka , Imai Yuuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Macrophages adapt to microenvironments, and change metabolic status and functions to regulate inflammation and/or maintain homeostasis. In joint cavities, synovial macrophages (SM) and synovial fibroblasts (SF) maintain homeostasis. However, under inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), crosstalk between SM and SF remains largely unclear.

Methods
Immunofluorescent staining was performed to identify localization of SM and SF in synovium of collagen antibody induced arthritis (CAIA) model mice and normal mice. Murine arthritis tissue-derived SM (ADSM), arthritis tissue-derived SF (ADSF) and normal tissue-derived SF (NDSF) were isolated and the purity of isolated cells was examined by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry analysis. RNA-seq was conducted to reveal gene expression profile in ADSM, NDSF and ADSF. Cellular metabolic status and expression levels of metabolic genes and inflammatory genes were analyzed in ADSM treated with ADSM-conditioned medium (ADSM-CM), NDSF-CM and ADSF-CM.

Results
SM and SF were dispersed in murine hyperplastic synovium. Isolations of ADSM, NDSF and ADSF to analyze the crosstalk were successful with high purity. From gene expression profiles by RNA-seq, we focused on secretory factors in ADSF-CM, which can affect metabolism and inflammatory activity of ADSM. ADSM exposed to ADSF-CM showed significantly upregulated glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration as well as glucose and glutamine uptake relative to ADSM exposed to ADSM-CM and NDSF-CM. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of metabolic genes, such as Slc2a1, Slc1a5, CD36, Pfkfb1, Pfkfb3 and Irg1, were significantly upregulated in ADSM treated with ADSF-CM. Inflammation marker genes, including Nos2, Tnf, Il-1b and CD86, and the anti-inflammatory marker gene, Il-10, were also substantially upregulated by ADSF-CM. On the other hand, NDSF-CM did not affect metabolism and gene expression in ADSM.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that crosstalk between SM and SF under inflammatory conditions can induce metabolic reprogramming and extend SM viability that together can contribute to chronic inflammation in RA.
Mesenchymal stem cell derived-exosomes: a modern approach in translational medicine
Authors: Nikfarjam Sepideh , Rezaie Jafar , Zolbanin Naime Majidi , Jafari Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have captured great attention in regenerative medicine for over a few decades by virtue of their differentiation capacity, potent immunomodulatory properties, and their ability to be favorably cultured and manipulated. Recent investigations implied that the pleiotropic effects of MSCs is not associated to their ability of differentiation, but rather is mediated by the secretion of soluble paracrine factors. Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles, are one of these paracrine mediators. Exosomes transfer functional cargos like miRNA and mRNA molecules, peptides, proteins, cytokines and lipids from MSCs to the recipient cells. Exosomes participate in intercellular communication events and contribute to the healing of injured or diseased tissues and organs. Studies reported that exosomes alone are responsible for the therapeutic effects of MSCs in numerous experimental models. Therefore, MSC-derived exosomes can be manipulated and applied to establish a novel cell-free therapeutic approach for treatment of a variety of diseases including heart, kidney, liver, immune and neurological diseases, and cutaneous wound healing. In comparison with their donor cells, MSC-derived exosomes offer more stable entities and diminished safety risks regarding the administration of live cells, e.g. microvasculature occlusion risk. This review discusses the exosome isolation methods invented and utilized in the clinical setting thus far and presents a summary of current information on MSC exosomes in translational medicine.