bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A revised pan-Arctic permafrost soil Hg pool based on Western Siberian peat Hg and carbon observations
Authors: Lim Artem G. , Jiskra Martin , Sonke Jeroen E. , Loiko Sergey V. , Kosykh Natalia , Pokrovsky Oleg S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Natural and anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions are sequestered in
terrestrial soils over short, annual to long, millennial timescales
before Hg mobilization and run-off impact wetland and coastal ocean
ecosystems. Recent studies have used Hg-to-carbon (C) ratios
(RHgC's) measured in Alaskan permafrost mineral and peat
soils together with a northern circumpolar permafrost soil carbon
inventory to estimate that these soils contain large amounts of Hg (between 184 and
755 Gg) in the upper 1 m. However, measurements
of RHgC on Siberian permafrost peatlands are largely
missing, leaving the size of the estimated northern soil Hg budget and
its fate under Arctic warming scenarios uncertain. Here we present Hg
and carbon data for six peat cores down to mineral horizons at
1.5–4 m depth, across a 1700 km latitudinal (56 to
67∘ N) permafrost gradient in the Western Siberian Lowland
(WSL). Mercury concentrations increase from south to north in all soil
horizons, reflecting a higher stability of sequestered Hg with respect
to re-emission. The RHgC in the WSL peat horizons
decreases with depth, from 0.38 Gg Pg−1 in the active layer
to 0.23 Gg Pg−1 in continuously frozen peat of the WSL. We
estimate the Hg pool (0–1 m) in the permafrost-affected part
of the WSL peatlands to be 9.3±2.7 Gg. We review and
estimate pan-Arctic organic and mineral soil RHgC to be
0.19 and 0.63 Gg Pg−1, respectively, and use a soil carbon budget to
revise the pan-Arctic permafrost soil Hg pool to be 72 Gg
(39–91 Gg; interquartile range, IQR) in the upper
30 cm, 240 Gg (110–336 Gg) in the upper
1 m, and 597 Gg (384–750 Gg) in the upper
3 m. Using the same RHgC approach, we revise the
upper 30 cm of the global soil Hg pool to contain 1086 Gg of
Hg (852–1265 Gg, IQR), of which 7 % (72 Gg)
resides in northern permafrost soils. Additional soil and river
studies in eastern and northern Siberia are needed to lower the
uncertainty on these estimates and assess the timing of Hg release to
the atmosphere and rivers.
Macromycetes of the Palace Park in Poznań-Radojewo (Wielkopolska Region, Poland)
Authors: Kujawa Anna , Gierczyk Błażej , Kudławiec Barbara , Stokłosa Natalia , Bujakiewicz Anna 
Published: June 2020

This work aimed to present the diversity of fungal species in the Poznań- Radojewo park. It was characterized based on literature data, unpublished master’s theses, the authors’ data, as well as data collected during two mycological trips organized by the Mycological Section of the Polish Botanical Society. Between 1980 and 2017, as many as 333 species of macromycetes have been found within the park in Poznań-Radojewo (among them 19% are rare and endangered), including eight protected species (<em>Mitrophora </em><em>semilibera</em>, <em>Morchella esculenta </em>(var. <em>esculenta </em>and var. <em>umbrina</em>), <em>Geastrum corollinum</em>, <em>G. fornicatum</em>, <em>Hericium coralloides, </em>and <em>Myriostoma coliforme</em>), as well as two species new to the Polish mycobiota: <em>Psathyrella bipellis </em>and <em>P. larga</em>. The park in Poznań-Radojewo is very important for maintaining a high species diversity of fungi within the city of Poznań. During revitalization works, it is of paramount importance to take the needs of rare, threatened, and protected species under consideration and to preserve the natural character of plant communities. It is also vital to ensure the presence of coarse woody debris at different decomposition phases, which serves as an important substratum type for rare fungi.
Coagulation Dysfunction
Authors: Fei Yang , Tang Ning , Liu Hefei , Cao Wenjing 
Published: June 2020

Context.—The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coagulation dysfunction is a hallmark in patients with COVID-19. Fulminant thrombotic complications emerge as critical issues in patients with severe COVID-19.Objective.—To present a review of the literature and discuss the mechanisms of COVID-19 underlying coagulation activation and the implications for anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatment in the management of COVID-19.Data Sources.—We performed a systemic review of scientific papers on the topic of COVID-19, available online via the PubMed NCBI, medRxiv, and Preprints as of May 15, 2020. We also shared our experience on the management of thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19.Conclusions.—COVID-19–associated coagulopathy ranges from mild laboratory alterations to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with a predominant phenotype of thrombotic/multiple organ failure. Characteristically, high D-dimer levels on admission and/or continuously increasing concentrations of D-dimer are associated with disease progression and poor overall survival. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers the immune-hemostatic response. Drastic inflammatory responses including, but not limited to, cytokine storm, vasculopathy, and NETosis may contribute to an overwhelming activation of coagulation. Hypercoagulability and systemic thrombotic complications necessitate anticoagulant and thrombolytic interventions, which provide opportunities to prevent or reduce “excessive” thrombin generation while preserving “adaptive” hemostasis and bring additional benefit via their anti-inflammatory effect in the setting of COVID-19.
Impact of Hospital Waste from the University of Port Harcourt Teaching on the Environment
Authors: Stanley H. O. , Egbe V. N. 
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of hospital wastes indiscriminately dumped at exposed dumpsites within the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Ten random samples (100g each) were withdrawn from a depth of 0–15 cm from each sampling site for soil analysis and settling plate technique was used for microbial air quality assessment. The Microbiological assessment of the dumpsites revealed an array of microorganisms viz; Baccilus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella sp., Proteus sp. Escherichia coli, Trichophyton sp., Scopulariopsis sp. Candida albicans, Fusarium sp., Mucor sp. and Cladosporium sp. and the microbial population dynamics reveals that the bacterial and fungal counts where more abundant on hospital dumpsites when compared to a pristine soil, as was the heavy metals levels. The air quality assessment of the dump site area reveals that most of the isolated pathogens from the soil analysis could also be airborne. This study has shown that improper dumping of hospital waste impacts deleteriously on the environment and measures must be put in place for proper management to avert any adverse health impact.
Avaliação da função pulmonar em pacientes hospitalizados no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca
Authors: Ribeiro Nildo Manoel Da Silva , Souza Flaviane Ribeiro de 
Published: June 2020

<p><strong>Introdução</strong>: A disfunção pulmonar no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca continua sendo uma das mais importantes causas de morbidade, sendo que o comprometimento da função pulmonar, nessa circunstância, é frequente e contribui, significativamente, para o aumento do tempo de permanência hospitalar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento da função pulmonar em pacientes adultos hospitalizados, submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca por esternotomia mediana, no momento a alta da unidade tratamento intensivo, comparado ao quarto dia após a alta dessa unidade. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> O estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de pós-operatório de cirurgia cardiovascular, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. O Termo de Consentimento Livre Esclarecido foi obtido em todos os casos. Incluíram-se pacientes maiores de 18 anos, submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca eletiva. A função pulmonar foi realizada na alta da unidade de tratamento intensivo e, posteriormente, repetida no quarto dia. A função pulmonar foi mensurada pela capacidade vital forçada, pico de fluxo expiratório, além de variáveis do exame físico, como frequência respiratória e ausculta pulmonar. <strong>Resultados:</strong> 94 pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca eletiva via esternotomia mediana. A média (desvio padrão) de idade foi 50,64 (16,53) anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (52,1%). A mediana (Q1-Q3) do tempo de permanência na unidade de tratamento intensivo foi de 2,00 dias (2,00-3,00), ao passo que a mediana (Q1-Q3) do tempo de permanência hospitalar foi de 6,00 dias (5,00-8,00). A mediana (Q1-Q3) da capacidade vital forçada e do fluxo respiratório, obtida pela espirometria no pós-operatório, no momento da alta, foi significativamente menor quando comparada ao quarto dia após alta da unidade de tratamento intensivo (p&lt; 0,01). O tempo de permanência na unidade, assim como o tempo de permanência hospitalar não impactou na evolução das variáveis de função pulmonar. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> A função pulmonar é potencialmente reduzida no período inicial após a cirurgia cardíaca, com evolução gradual, e de recuperação lenta, no curso da recuperação cirúrgica. A manutenção desses valores reduzidos a níveis não críticos por um período prolongado no pós-operatório parece não afetar o desempenho dos pacientes, no que tange a capacidade de respirar profundamente e na efetividade de tosse.</p><p> </p>
Impaired phonemic discrimination in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Johnson Jeremy C. S. , Jiang Jessica , Bond Rebecca L. , Benhamou Elia , Requena‐Komuro Maï‐Carmen , Russell Lucy L. , Greaves Caroline , Nelson Annabel , Sivasathiaseelan Harri , Marshall Charles R. , Volkmer Anna P. , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Warren Jason D. , Hardy Chris J. D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLogopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) is the least well defined of the major primary progressive aphasia (PPA) syndromes. We assessed phoneme discrimination in patients with PPA (semantic, nonfluent/agrammatic, and logopenic variants) and typical Alzheimer’s disease, relative to healthy age‐matched participants. The lvPPA group performed significantly worse than all other groups apart from tAD, after adjusting for auditory verbal working memory. In the combined PPA cohort, voxel‐based morphometry correlated phonemic discrimination score with grey matter in left angular gyrus. Our findings suggest that impaired phonemic discrimination may help differentiate lvPPA from other PPA subtypes, with important diagnostic and management implications.
Rapid Fabrication of Self‐Healing, Conductive, and Injectable Gel as Dressings for Healing Wounds in Stretchable Parts of the Body
Authors: Li Sixiang , Wang Le , Zheng Wenfu , Yang Guang , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSkin wounds on stretchable parts of the body including the elbows, knees, wrists, and nape usually undergo delayed and poor healing due to the interference of their frequent motion. Ordinary dressings that are not flexible enough face difficulty to promote wound healing due to the mismatching between the mechanics of the dressing materials and the wounds. In this study, an injectable, biocompatible, self‐healable, and conductive material poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate)/guar slime (PPGS) is developed for healing wounds with various kinds of movements. As a proof‐of‐principle assay, the healing effect of PPGS is explored on a skin wound model on the nape of rats that often experiences frequent movements. PPGS, which can be prepared within 1 min, successfully accelerates the healing of the wounds. The results suggest that PPGS has great potential in the fields of tissue engineering and biomedicine.
Synthetic Self‐Limiting Structures Engineered with Defective Colloidal Clusters
Authors: Parvez Nishan , Zanjani Mehdi B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the key challenges in the study of self‐assembly with synthetic particles is how to build finite‐sized constructs that resemble self‐limiting structures such as well‐known proteins and biomolecules found in nature. Inspired by this concept, a novel method for realizing self‐limiting self‐assembly of colloidal clusters by establishing design rules to obtain desired final structures using a bottom‐up assembly approach is presented. The constructs identified in this work will be “locked” in a well‐defined configuration as the structure morphologies will not allow them to grow any further. The approach presented here provides two distinct advantages. First, the self‐limiting characteristics of the resulting constructs are preserved no matter how many building blocks are present within the system. Second, the setup of interparticle interactions reflected by interaction matrices are much simpler compared to finite‐sized structures of simple spherical particles which may require engineering pairwise interactions between as many particle types as the number of particles present in the system. The self‐assembly process as well as phase transformation and kinetics of several intriguing finite‐sized configurations are studied. Possible extensions of this concept to produce sophisticated multi‐phased structures where different types of finite‐sized and large assemblies may be present at once are also discussed.
Catalyst Design for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction toward Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Jiang Kun , Zhao Jiajun , Wang Haotian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPrecise electrochemical synthesis under ambient conditions has provided emerging opportunities for renewable energy utilization. Among many promising systems, the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has attracted considerable interest in past decades due to the increasing market demands and the vital role of ORR in the electrocatalysis field. This work describes recent advances in cathodic materials for H2O2 synthesis from 2e- ORR. By using Pt as a stereotype, the tuning knobs are overviewed, including the intrinsic binding strength of oxygenated species, the intermediate diffusion path and the isolation of Pt–Pt ensembles that enable 2e- ORR pathway from 4e- total reduction. This knowledge is successfully applied to other transition metal systems and leads to the discovery of more efficient alloy catalysts with balanced improvement on both activity and selectivity. In addition, mesostructure engineering and heteroatoms doping strategies on carbon‐based materials, which significantly boost the H2O2 production efficiency as compared to intact carbon sites, are also reviewed. Finally, future directions and challenges of transferring developed catalysts from lab scale tests to pilot plant operations are briefly outlooked.
EuS/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Bilayers as a Prospective Multiferroic System
Authors: Khanas Anton , Zarubin Sergei , Dmitriyeva Anna , Markeev Andrei , Matveyev Yury , Mardegan José R.L. , Francoual Sonia , Zenkevich Andrei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractComposite bilayer multiferroics combining ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) thin‐film materials in a heterostructure and exhibiting magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect are of great scientific and technological interest. In particular, electronically driven ME coupling implies that the FE polarization orientation affects the magnetic properties of FM at the interface with FE. Unlike metals, where the electric field penetrates over distances of 1–2 unit cells only, magnetic semiconductors, particularly doped EuS, with a ≈10 nm screening length appear a viable alternative. In addition, EuS exhibits a metal–insulator transition, thus offering new functionalities in nanoelectronics. Meanwhile, ultrathin polycrystalline films of doped HfO2, such as Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO), stabilized in the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic phase, are identified as a novel class of robust FE materials. In this work, FM EuS integrated with FE HZO in a bilayered structure is promoted as a prospective composite multiferroic. The functionality of both ultrathin FM‐EuS and FE‐HZO layers as well as their compatibility in a capacitor configuration is demonstrated. The comprehensive information on the structural, chemical, and electronic properties of EuS/HZO interface endorses it as a promising medium for magnetoelectric coupling phenomena, particularly, the effect of polarization reversal in FE‐HZO on the magnetic and transport properties in EuS.
Direct Observation of Large Atomic Polar Displacements in Epitaxial Barium Titanate Thin Films
Authors: Wu HsinWei , Lu Sirong , Aoki Toshihiro , Ponath Patrick , Wang Jian , Young Chadwin , Ekerdt John G. , McCartney Martha R. , Smith David J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of ferroelectric perovskite oxides having a controlled polarization direction is an ongoing and challenging topic of research. Here direct observation of large atomic polar displacements, which correspond to a polar density of ≈0.9 C m−2 pointing upward, in an epitaxial BaTiO3 film grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a SrTiO3 substrate is reported. Aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy is used to map the polarization displacement with unit‐cell resolution. Oxygen vacancies and other types of defects are examined and mapped using electron energy‐loss near‐edge structure analysis. The contributions from strain, strain gradient, and defects are quantitatively modeled in order to explain the large polarization. Calculations show that strain (through a defect dipole‐enhanced polarization) creates the large atomic polar displacements, and strain gradient (through inverse Vegard electrochemical strain effect) compensates the polarization. These two effects may explain the preferred polarization direction and the anomalous flexoelectric effect in ferroelectric thin films.
Core–Shell Dendritic Superstructural Catalysts by Design for Highly Efficient and Stable Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Yifei , Li Weigu , Ma Yuhang , Fan Donglei (Emma) 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEfficient, stable, and low‐cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts are in great demand for the practical application of electrochemical water splitting for energy conversion and storage. This work reports a rationally designed and innovatively fabricated 3D core–shell dendritically porous OER catalyst that exhibits outstanding and highly reproducible performance. The porous superstructure provides not only substantially enhanced loading capacity of electrochemical catalysts, but also easy access of electrolyte to active catalysts. With a facile and designed sulfurization process followed by anodization, core–shell (FeCoNi)OOH@dendritic foam can be obtained and exhibits a remarkably low overpotential of 204.4 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which are among the best of the reported FeCoNi OER catalysts. Such value is also highly reproducible and stable with over 18 h operation time. This excellent performance could be attributed to the synergism of trimetal chemistry, the unique structure with metal/metal sulfide as the conductive core and (oxy)hydroxide catalysts as the active shell, and the enhanced superstructural surface area. This work points toward a synergistic way based on rational design and innovative fabrication for creating scalable, stable, low‐cost, and high‐performance OER catalysts.
Ligand Functionalization in Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Fixation
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Shi Litong , Hu Haijun , Huang Hongwei , Ma Tianyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLigand functionalization has always been considered as an effective method for regulating the catalytic activity of the metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) materials. Herein, three stable zirconium‐based MOFs (Zr‐MOFs), constructed by the 10‐connected Zr6 cluster and different groups‐decorated V‐shaped ligands (H2L), are successfully synthesized through a facile ligand functionalization method. Subsequently, three isostructural Zr‐MOFs, including the parent structure Zr(H2L), amino‐decorated Zr(H2L) (NH2‐Zr(H2L)), and fluorine and amino bi‐decorated Zr(H2L) (F‐NH2‐Zr(H2L)), are employed as the platform for systematically investigating the effect of Lewis basic groups on the CO2 adsorption and separation behavior, more importantly the CO2 chemical fixation. Benefitting from the decorated Lewis basic groups, not only the CO2 adsorption enthalpy and selectivity over CH4 of NH2‐Zr(H2L) and F‐NH2‐Zr(H2L) are improved, but also their catalytic activities for cycloaddition of CO2 to form cyclic carbonates are significantly enhanced. Among them, F‐NH2‐Zr(H2L) exhibits the most effective performance for cycloaddition of CO2 and styrene epoxide, which can be attributed to the strong polarization between the CO2 molecule and the framework of F‐NH2‐Zr(H2L). Under a mild condition, the yield of F‐NH2‐Zr(H2L) for cycloaddition of CO2 with styrene epoxide can reach up to 97%, which surpasses most of the reported MOFs‐based catalysts.
Multiscale Analysis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Tissue: Insights into Biodistribution and Biotransformation
Authors: Matter Martin T. , Li Jian‐Hao , Lese Ioana , Schreiner Claudia , Bernard Laetitia , Scholder Olivier , Hubeli Jasmin , Keevend Kerda , Tsolaki Elena , Bertero Enrico , Bertazzo Sergio , Zboray Robert , Olariu Radu , Constantinescu Mihai A. , Figi Renato , Herrmann Inge K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetal oxide nanoparticles have emerged as exceptionally potent biomedical sensors and actuators due to their unique physicochemical features. Despite fascinating achievements, the current limited understanding of the molecular interplay between nanoparticles and the surrounding tissue remains a major obstacle in the rationalized development of nanomedicines, which is reflected in their poor clinical approval rate. This work reports on the nanoscopic characterization of inorganic nanoparticles in tissue by the example of complex metal oxide nanoparticle hybrids consisting of crystalline cerium oxide and the biodegradable ceramic bioglass. A validated analytical method based on semiquantitative X‐ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry is used to assess nanoparticle biodistribution following intravenous and topical application. Then, a correlative multiscale analytical cascade based on a combination of microscopy and spectroscopy techniques shows that the topically applied hybrid nanoparticles remain at the initial site and are preferentially taken up into macrophages, form apatite on their surface, and lead to increased accumulation of lipids in their surroundings. Taken together, this work displays how modern analytical techniques can be harnessed to gain unprecedented insights into the biodistribution and biotransformation of complex inorganic nanoparticles. Such nanoscopic characterization is imperative for the rationalized engineering of safe and efficacious nanoparticle‐based systems.