bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher serum testosterone levels predict poor prognosis in castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel
Authors: Ando Keisuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Takeshita Nobushige , Fujimoto Ayumi , Maimaiti Maihulan , Saito Shinpei , Sanjyon Pae , Imamura Yusuke , Sato Nobuo , Komiya Akira , Akakura Koichiro , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe role of testosterone as a prognostic factor for castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel in Japan was investigated.MethodsA total of 164 patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer who received docetaxel treatment at Chiba University Hospital and an affiliated hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Testosterone and other clinical factors at the start of docetaxel treatment were evaluated with respect to overall survival and progression‐free survival.ResultsOf the 164 patients, 69 had high‐volume tumors. The median prostatic‐specific antigen was 27.0 ng/mL. The median testosterone was 13.0 ng/dL. The rates of bone and visceral metastases were 80.1% and 8.8%, respectively. For progression‐free survival, testosterone ≥13 ng/dL was an independent prognostic factor only on univariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.81; P = .0108). For overall survival, testosterone ≥ 1.3 ng/dL (hazard ratio, 3.37; P < .0001), high volume (hazard ratio, 3.06; P = .0009), and prostate‐specific antigen ≥ 27.0 ng/mL (hazard ratio, 2.75; P = .0013) were independent prognostic factors on multivariate analysis. When assessing related clinical factors, higher serum testosterone was associated with visceral metastasis, high volume, and prostate‐specific antigen. Based on three prognostic factors (testosterone, high volume, prostate‐specific antigen), a risk classification was developed. The high‐risk group (3 risk factors) showed a significantly shorter overall survival compared to the moderate‐risk (2 risk factors) and low‐risk (0‐1 risk factor) groups (P < .0001).ConclusionsThe present study identified higher serum testosterone (≥13 ng/dL) as a significant prognostic factor in castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel therapy.
Fabrication of Hollow CoP/TiOx Heterostructures for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liang Zibin , Zhou Wenyang , Gao Song , Zhao Ruo , Zhang Hao , Tang Yanqun , Cheng Jinqian , Qiu Tianjie , Zhu Bingjun , Qu Chong , Guo Wenhan , Wang Qian , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransition‐metal phosphides have flourished as promising candidates for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. Herein, it is demonstrated that the electrocatalytic OER performance of CoP can be greatly improved by constructing a hybrid CoP/TiOx heterostructure. The CoP/TiOx heterostructure is fabricated using metal–organic framework nanocrystals as templates, which leads to unique hollow structures and uniformly distributed CoP nanoparticles on TiOx. The strong interactions between CoP and TiOx in the CoP/TiOx heterostructure and the conductive nature of TiOx with Ti3+ sites endow the CoP–TiOx hybrid material with high OER activity comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art IrO2 or RuO2 OER electrocatalysts. In combination with theoretical calculations, this work reveals that the formation of CoP/TiOx heterostructure can generate a pathway for facile electron transport and optimize the water adsorption energy, thus promoting the OER electrocatalysis.
Nanoparticle Conjugation of Ginsenoside Rg3 Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Metastasis
Authors: Ren Zhigang , Chen Xinmei , Hong Liangjie , Zhao Xiaoxiong , Cui Guangying , Li Ang , Liu Yang , Zhou Lina , Sun Ranran , Shen Shen , Li Juan , Lou Jiamin , Zhou Heqi , Wang Junmei , Xu Guowang , Yu Zujiang , Song Yujun , Chen Xinhua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. The prognosis of HCC remains very poor; thus, an effective treatment remains urgent. Herein, a type of nanomedicine is developed by conjugating Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles with ginsenoside Rg3 (NpRg3), which achieves an excellent coupling effect. In the dimethylnitrosamine‐induced HCC model, NpRg3 application significantly prolongs the survival of HCC mice. Further research indicates that NpRg3 application significantly inhibits HCC development and eliminates HCC metastasis to the lung. Notably, NpRg3 application delays HCC‐induced ileocecal morphology and gut microbial alterations more than 12 weeks during HCC progression. NpRg3 administration elevates the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, but decreases Firmicutes. Twenty‐nine predicted microbial gene functions are enriched, while seven gene functions are reduced after NpRg3 administration. Moreover, the metabolomics profile presents a significant progression during HCC development, but NpRg3 administration corrects tumor‐dominant metabolomics. NpRg3 administration decreases 3‐indolepropionic acid and urea, but elevates free fatty acids. Importantly, NpRg3 application remodels the unbalanced correlation networks between gut microbiota and metabolism during HCC therapy. In conclusion, nanoparticle conjugation of ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits HCC development and metastasis via the remodeling of unbalanced gut microbiota and metabolism in vivo, providing an antitumor therapy strategy.
Quality of argumentation by seventh‐graders in local socioscientific issues
Authors: Capkinoglu Esra , Yilmaz Serkan , Leblebicioglu Gulsen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe study's purpose was to evaluate the quality of argumentations presented by students in relation to local socioscientific issues (SSIs). The participants, 36 seventh‐grade students from state schools, were divided into three learning groups—outdoor group, newspaper group, and presentation group. Five local environment‐related SSIs were selected: an artificial lake, chicken coops, leather tanneries, base stations, and hydroelectric power plants (HPPs). Different data sources were provided to each group pertaining to their SSIs. The outdoor group learned through field trips, the newspaper group acquired information through newspapers, and the presentation group learned via presentations. Each group gathered data from their unique learning sources, which then formed the basis of their arguments. After a pilot study, each group experienced the same argumentation practice within smaller groups. The recorded discussions were transcribed, and the qualities of 582 argumentation episodes chronicled over a period of 10 weeks were evaluated using an analytical assessment tool. It emerged that the quality of argumentations of each group varied by the data sources and the contexts of the SSIs. While the newspaper group displayed the best performance in 4 out of 5 issues, the outdoor group had the lowest performance overall. In terms of generating high‐quality argumentations about the artificial lake, chicken coops, and base stations, the newspaper group ranked top, followed by the presentation group, and then the outdoor group. HPPs proved to be the most challenging context for students across all groups. The study sums up with discussions of the differences between the quality of argumentations of the various groups and the implications of the study's conclusions.
Gravitation in flat spacetime from entanglement
Authors: Godet Victor , Marteau Charles 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe explore holographic entanglement entropy for Minkowski spacetime in three and four dimensions. Under some general assumptions on the putative holographic dual, the entanglement entropy associated to a special class of subregions can be computed using an analog of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula. We refine the existing prescription in three dimensions and propose a generalization to four dimensions. Under reasonable assumptions on the holographic stress tensor, we show that the first law of entanglement is equivalent to the gravitational equations of motion in the bulk, linearized around Minkowski spacetime.
Disrupted parahippocampal and midbrain function underlie slower verbal learning in adolescent-onset regular cannabis use
Authors: Blest-Hopley Grace , O’Neill Aisling , Wilson Robin , Giampietro Vincent , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRationaleProlonged use of cannabis, the most widely used illicit drug worldwide, has been consistently associated with impairment in memory and verbal learning. Although the neurophysiological underpinnings of these impairments have been investigated previously using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), while performing memory tasks, the results of these studies have been inconsistent and no clear picture has emerged yet. Furthermore, no previous studies have investigated trial-by-trial learning.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the neural underpinnings of impaired verbal learning in cannabis users as estimated over repeated learning trials.MethodsWe studied 21 adolescent-onset regular cannabis users and 21 non-users using fMRI performed at least 12 h after last cannabis use, while they performed a paired associate verbal learning task that allowed us to examine trial-by-trial learning. Brain activation during repeated verbal encoding and recall conditions of the task was indexed using the blood oxygen level-dependent haemodynamic response fMRI signal.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in recall score over repeated trials indicating learning occurring across the two groups of participants. However, learning was significantly slower in cannabis users compared to non-users (p = 0.032, partial eta-squared = 0.108). While learning verbal stimuli over repeated encoding blocks, non-users displayed progressive increase in recruitment of the midbrain, parahippocampal gyrus and thalamus (p = 0.00939, partial eta-squared = 0.180). In contrast, cannabis users displayed a greater but disrupted activation pattern in these regions, which showed a stronger correlation with new word-pairs learnt over the same blocks in cannabis users than in non-users.ConclusionsThese results suggest that disrupted medial temporal and midbrain function underlie slower learning in adolescent-onset cannabis users.
Is Ischemia‐Modified Albumin a Reliable Marker in Accurate Diagnosis of Appendicitis in Children?
Authors: Ulusoy Emel , Çitlenbik Hale , Akgül Fatma , Öztürk Ali , Şık Nihan , Ulusoy Oktay , Küme Tuncay , Yılmaz Durgül , Duman Murat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal emergencies. Despite all improvements in diagnostic techniques, there are still ongoing problems as proper diagnosis, misdiagnosis and perforated appendicitis. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the clinical value of IMA in patients with appendicitis and to determine the accurate diagnosis of appendicitis in clinically suspected patients.MethodsPediatric patients with acute abdominal pain who had the Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) ≥ 7 (n = 109) and a control group of 35 patients were included in this prospective case–control study. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with appendicitis (pathologically confirmed) (n = 78) and no appendicitis (n = 31). No appendicitis included observation patients and negative appendectomy. Serum samples were collected for routine laboratory parameters and IMA before surgery.ResultsPatients with appendicitis had significantly higher IMA levels than no appendicitis and control groups (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001; respectively). Moreover, patients with negative appendectomy had significantly lower IMA levels than patients with appendicitis (p = 0.009). IMA and PAS were used together, and in the ROC analysis, we obtained 0.81 AUC for PAS and 0.89 AUC for PAS and IMA.ConclusionThe current study indicated that IMA is a reliable marker for accurate diagnosis of appendicitis. The combination of IMA with PAS score has been shown to facilitate the diagnosis of appendicitis.
Periadrenal Volume is a Better Predictor of Prolonged Operative Time in Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Adrenalectomy than BMI
Authors: Pearlstein Sarah S. , Kuo Jennifer H. , Chabot John A. , Lee James A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundRetroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy is gaining traction as a minimally invasive technique. One of the purported relative contraindications is BMI given the smaller working space. We hypothesize that other anthropometric measurements may be better predictors of operative time.MethodsAn IRB‐approved, single‐institution, retrospective study of 83 patients who underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy evaluated the association of anthropometric measurements taken from cross‐sectional imaging and the primary outcome of operative time. Descriptive statistics were performed with Wilcoxon rank‐sum test for continuous variables (median; IQR) and Chi‐square (n; %) for categorical variables. A linear random effects model was used to model operative time.ResultsThe majority of the patients were white (40; 48.2%) women (46; 55.4%) with a median age of 54 with interquartile range (IQR) of 43–63 and a median BMI of 27.8 (IQR 21.2–38.6). On univariable analysis, factors that led to longer operative time included right‐sided operation (p = 0.04), male gender (p < 0.01), clinical diagnosis (p < 0.01), waist area (p < 0.01), waist/hip ratio (p < 0.01), periadrenal volume (p < 0.01), posterior adiposity index (PAI) (p < 0.01) and BMI (p < 0.01). Only side, order of operation, and periadrenal fat volume (p < 0.01, p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively) remained independent predictors of increased operative time on multivariable analysis.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that anthropometric measurements, specifically periadrenal fat volume, and side of operation, are better predictors for increased operative time in laparoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomies than BMI. This information can help facilitate appropriate patient selection for this operative approach.
IL-17 Induced Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1 and Profibrotic Factor in Keloid-Derived Skin Fibroblasts via the STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Lee Seon-Yeong , Kim Eun Kyung , Seo Hyun Beom , Choi Jeong Won , Yoo Jin Hee , Jung Kyoung Ah , Kim Da-Som , Yang Seung Cheon , Moon Soo Jin , Lee Jung Ho , Cho Mi-La 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The pathogenesis of keloids has not been elucidated, and the disease is thought to be caused by abnormal secretion of proinflammatory mediators and irregular responses to other inflammatory signals mediated by keloid fibroblasts (KFs). In this study, we investigated whether a local increase in interleukin IL-17 in keloid tissues stimulates the production of stromal cell–derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in KFs causing further recruitment of IL-17-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which subsequently creates a positive feedback loop. Histological assessment was performed and the change in the expression of IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α which of fibrosis and inflammation associated markers was examined. In addition, fibroblasts were treated with IL-17 in the presence or absence of STAT3 inhibitor STA-21; SDF-1 levels and fibrosis genes were measured. Our results showed that fibrotic reaction and expression of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-17 were most prominent in the growing margin (perilesional area) of keloid tissue and Th17 cells significantly infiltrated the perilesional area. In addition, IL-17 upregulated the expression of SDF-1, collagen, and α-SMA in KFs. Finally, STA-21 decreased SDF-1α expression and the expression of fibrosis genes in KFs even after IL-17 stimulation. Our study demonstrated that a local increase in IL-17 in keloid tissues stimulates the production of SDF-1 in KFs causing further recruitment of IL-17-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells, which subsequently creates a positive feedback loop. These findings suggest that STAT3 inhibition can be used to treat keloid scars by reversing the vicious cycle between Th17 cells and KFs.
MetroMMC: Electron-Capture Spectrometry with Cryogenic Calorimeters for Science and Technology
Authors: Ranitzsch P. C.-O. , Arnold D. , Beyer J. , Bockhorn L. , Bonaparte J. J. , Enss C. , Kossert K. , Kempf S. , Loidl M. , Mariam R. , Nähle O. J. , Paulsen M. , Rodrigues M. , Wegner M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccurate decay data of radionuclides are necessary for many fields of science and technology, ranging from medicine and particle physics to metrology. However, data that are in use today are mostly based on measurements or theoretical calculation methods that are rather old. Recent measurements with cryogenic detectors and other methods show significant discrepancies to both older experimental data and theory in some cases. Moreover, the old results often suffer from large or underestimated uncertainties. This is in particular the case for electron-capture (EC) decays, where only a few selected radionuclides have ever been measured. To systematically address these shortcomings, the European metrology project MetroMMC aims at investigating six radionuclides decaying by EC. The nuclides are chosen to cover a wide range of atomic numbers Z, which results in a wide range of decay energies and includes different decay modes, such as pure EC or EC accompanied by $$\gamma $$γ- and/or $$\beta ^{+}$$β+-transitions. These will be measured using metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs), cryogenic energy-dispersive detectors with high-energy resolution, low-energy threshold and high, adjustable stopping power that are well suited for measurements of the total decay energy and X-ray spectrometry. Within the MetroMMC project, these detectors are used to obtain X-ray emission intensities of external sources as well as fractional EC probabilities of sources embedded in a $$4\pi $$4π absorber. Experimentally determined nuclear and atomic data will be compared to state-of-the-art theoretical calculations which will be further developed within the project. This contribution introduces the MetroMMC project and in particular its experimental approach. The challenges in EC spectrometry are to adapt the detectors and the source preparation to the different decay channels and the wide energy range involved, while keeping the good resolution and especially the low-energy threshold to measure the EC from outer shells.
The breaching experiment. Donald Trump and the normative foundations of democracy
Authors: Schedler Andreas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIs US president Donald Trump a threat to democracy? Alerting against his manifold transgressions of democratic norms, many comparative political scientists have thought so. Their practical worries, however, have been inconsistent with prevalent theories of democratic stability. As careful examination shows, his main democratic norm violations have been discursive, and they have revealed him to be, not an ideological enemy of democracy, but a self-centered actor without deep democratic commitments. None of this should ring democratic alarm bells. But it does. As I suggest, Donald Trump has been conducting a kind of sociological “breaching experiment” on the political science community which has exposed a remarkable divergence between our main theories of democratic stability (which focus on structures, political behavior, and self-interest) and our tacit convictions (about the causal relevance of actors, political language, and normative commitments).
Biphasic composite of calcium phosphate-based mesoporous silica as a novel bone drug delivery system
Authors: Prokopowicz Magdalena , Szewczyk Adrian , Skwira Adrianna , Sądej Rafał , Walker Gavin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe reported the new biphasic composites of calcium phosphate and mesoporous silica material (CaP@MSi) in the form of powders and pellets as a potential bone drug delivery system for doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX). The CaP@MSi powders were synthesized by cationic surfactant-templating method. The effects of 10, 20, and 30% CaP content in the CaP@MSi powders on the molecular surface structure, the cytotoxicity against osteoblast cells in vitro, and the mineralization potential in simulated body fluid were investigated. The CaP@MSi characterized by the highest mineralization potential (30% CaP content) were used for DOX adsorption and pelletization process. The CaP which precipitated in the CaP@MSi composites was characterized as calcium-deficient with the Ca:P molar ratio between 1.0 and 1.2. The cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the CaP content in MSi increases osteoblasts viability indicating the CaP@MSi (30% CaP content) as the most biocompatible. The combination of CaP and MSi was an effective strategy to improve the mineralization potential of parent material. Upon immersion in simulated body fluid, the CaP of composite converted into the bone-like apatite. The obtained pellets preserved the mineralization potential of CaP@MSi and provided the prolonged 5-day DOX release. The obtained biphasic CaP@MSi composites seem to have an application potential as bone-specific drug delivery system.
Middleware’s Message: the Financial Technics of Codata
Authors: Castelle Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I will argue for the relevance of certain distinctive features ofmessagingsystems, namely those in which data (a) can be sent and received asynchronously, (b) can be sent to multiple simultaneous recipients and (c) is received as a “potentially infinite” flow of unpredictable events. I will describe the social technology of thestock ticker, a telegraphic device introduced at the New York Stock Exchange in the 1860s, with reference to early twentieth century philosophers of synchronous experience (Bergson), simultaneous sign interpretations (Mead and Peirce), and flows of discrete events (Bachelard). Then, I will show how the ticker’s data flows developed into the 1990s-era technologies ofmessage queuesandmessage brokers, which distinguished themselves through theirasynchronousimplementation of ticker-like message feeds sent between otherwise incompatible computers and terminals. These latter systems’ characteristic “publish/subscribe” communication pattern was one in which conceptually centralized (if logically distributed) flows of messages would be “published,” and for which “subscribers” would be spontaneously notified when events of interest occurred. This paradigm—common to the so-called “message-oriented middleware” systems of the late 1990s—would re-emerge in different asynchronous distributed system contexts over the following decades, from “push media” to Twitter to the Internet of Things.
Fractional integral inequalities for generalized-$$\mathbf{m }$$-$$((h_{1}^{p},h_{2}^{q});(\eta _{1},\eta _{2}))$$-convex mappings via an extended generalized Mittag–Leffler function
Authors: Anastassiou George , Kashuri Artion , Liko Rozana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe authors discover a new identity concerning differentiable mappings defined on$$\mathbf{m }$$m-invex set via general fractional integrals. Using the obtained identity as an auxiliary result, some fractional integral inequalities for generalized-$$\mathbf{m }$$m-$$((h_{1}^{p},h_{2}^{q});(\eta _{1},\eta _{2}))$$((h1p,h2q);(η1,η2))-convex mappings by involving an extended generalized Mittag–Leffler function are presented. It is pointed out that some new special cases can be deduced from main results. Also these inequalities have some connections with known integral inequalities. At the end, some applications to special means for different positive real numbers are provided as well.