bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of germination and probiotic fermentation on underutilized cereal and millet grains
Authors: Budhwar Savita , Sethi Kashika , Chakraborty Manali 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cereals and millets have been known as poor man’s crops for a long time, and have good potential in the mercenary system of food and in research and development but these coarse grains have been leftover and underutilised since a long time. In addition to nutritional properties, various elements of cereal grains contain phenolic compounds as well as various anti-nutritional factors. To improve the nutritional quality and availability of these grains, they are processed in several ways. This review discusses the effect of pre-processing techniques such as germination with a combination of probiotic fermentation on various components of underutilised coarse cereals and millets and advantages it brings into the final product. Germinated food mixture usually contains a significantly higher amount of thiamine, lysine and niacin contents. The combination of cereals with other methods results in better nutrient profile and an enhanced amino acid pattern. Fermentation is said to be the most crucial and popular process which considerably lowers the antinutrients present in coarse cereals such as trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid and tannins and hence, enhance the overall nutritive value of coarse cereals and other food grains. Also, germinated cereal-based food products have higher cell count and better growth of beneficial bacteria, thus, germination of cereals facilitates the probiotic fermentation of cereals.

Graphical abstract
Assessment of anxiety and depression among substance use disorder patients: a case-control study
Authors: Mohamed Ikram I. , Ahmad Hossam Eddin Khalifa , Hassaan Shehab H. , Hassan Shymaa M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Several evidences from epidemiologic and treatment studies indicate that anxiety disorders, depression, and substance use disorders commonly co-occur, and the interaction is multifaceted and variable. Epidemiological studies and investigations within clinical substance abuse populations have found an association between anxiety disorders, depression, and substance use disorders.

Results
The mean age was 28.1 ± 6.5 years. The majority belonged to the moderate socioeconomic status (52%). Substance use disorder (SUD) patients expressed higher levels of anxiety and depression in comparison to the control group. Most of the study group (97%) expressed different levels of anxiety. Eighty percent of them expressed high and moderate anxiety levels, and 20% of caregivers were having mild anxiety levels. Ninety-three percent of the substance users expressed different levels of depression, either mild 12%, moderate 9%, or severe 72%. The Drug Use Disorder Identification Test scores were positively correlated with anxiety (r = 0.256 and p = 0.010) and depression (r = 0.330 and p = 0.001). Moreover, it was found that anxiety and depression are positively correlated with each other’s (r = 0.630 and p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Substance use disorders are associated with high levels of anxiety and depression. More specifically, it is associated with severe depression and anxiety. There is an obvious association between the presence of anxiety and depression on the one hand and the severity of drug-related problems on the other hand. Depression and anxiety are commonly present together in patients with SUDs.
Network-based Transcriptome-wide Expression Study for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Zhang Lan , Peng Tian-Liu , Wang Le , Meng Xiang-He , Zhu Wei , Zeng Yong , Zhu Jia-Qiang , Zhou Yu , Xiao Hong-Mei , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Menopause is a crucial physiological transition during a woman’s life, and it occurs with growing risks of health issues like osteoporosis. To identify postmenopausal osteoporosis-related genes, we performed transcriptome-wide expression analyses for human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) using Affymetrix 1.0 ST arrays in 40 Caucasian postmenopausal women with discordant bone mineral density (BMD) levels.

Methods
We performed multiscale embedded gene coexpression network analysis (MEGENA) to study functionally orchestrating clusters of differentially expressed genes in the form of functional networks. Gene sets net correlations analysis (GSNCA) was applied to assess how the coexpression structure of a predefined gene set differs in high and low BMD groups. Bayesian network (BN) analysis was used to identify important regulation patterns between potential risk genes for osteoporosis. A small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-based gene silencing in vitro experiment was performed to validate the findings from BN analysis.

Result
MEGENA showed that the “T cell receptor signaling pathway” and the “osteoclast differentiation pathway” were significantly enriched in the identified compact network, which is significantly correlated with BMD variation. GSNCA revealed that the coexpression structure of the “Signaling by TGF-beta receptor complex pathway” is significantly different between the 2 BMD discordant groups; the hub genes in the postmenopausal low and high BMD group are FURIN and SMAD3 respectively. With siRNA in vitro experiments, we confirmed the regulation relationship of TGFBR2–SMAD7 and TGFBR1–SMURF2.

Main Conclusion
The present study suggests that biological signals involved in monocyte recruitment, monocyte/macrophage lineage development, osteoclast formation, and osteoclast differentiation might function together in PBMs that contribute to the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Cardiovascular Benefit of Empagliflozin Across the Spectrum of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial
Authors: Inzucchi Silvio E , Khunti Kamlesh , Fitchett David H , Wanner Christoph , Mattheus Michaela , George Jyothis T , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Zinman Bernard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContextControl of multiple cardiovascular (CV) risk factors reduces CV events in individuals with type 2 diabetes.ObjectiveTo investigate this association in a contemporary clinical trial population, including how CV risk factor control affects the CV benefits of empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor.DesignPost hoc analysis.SettingRandomized CV outcome trial (EMPA-REG OUTCOME).ParticipantsType 2 diabetes patients with established CV disease.InterventionEmpagliflozin or placebo.Main Outcome MeasuresRisk of CV outcomes—including the treatment effect of empagliflozin—by achieving 7 goals for CV risk factor control at baseline: (1) glycated hemoglobin &lt;7.5%, (2) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol &lt;100 mg/dL or statin use, (3) systolic blood pressure &lt;140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure &lt;90 mmHg, (4) pharmacological renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade, (5) normoalbuminuria, (6) aspirin use, (7) nonsmoking.ResultsIn the placebo group, the hazard ratio (HR) for CV death was 4.00 (95% CI, 2.26–7.11) and 2.48 (95% CI, 1.52–4.06) for patients achieving only 0–3 or 4–5 risk factor goals at baseline, respectively, compared with those achieving 6–7 goals. Participants achieving 0–3 or 4–5 goals also had increased risk for the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or CV death (excluding fatal stroke) (HR 2.89 [1.82–4.57] and 1.90 [1.31–2.78], respectively) and 3-point major adverse CV events (HR 2.21 [1.53–3.19] and 1.42 [1.06–1.89]). Empagliflozin significantly reduced these outcomes across all risk factor control categories (P &gt; 0.05 for treatment-by-subgroup interactions).ConclusionsCardiovascular risk in EMPA-REG OUTCOME was inversely associated with baseline CV risk factor control. Empagliflozin’s cardioprotective effect was consistent regardless of multiple baseline risk factor control.
Leprdb/+ Dams Protect Wild-type Male Offspring Bone Strength from the Detrimental Effects of a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Oestreich Arin K , Onuzuriuke Anthony , Yao Xiaomei , Talton Omonseigho , Wang Yong , Pfeiffer Ferris M , Schulz Laura C , Phillips Charlotte L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing at an alarming rate and increases the life-long risk of developing cardiometabolic disease in adult offspring. Leptin, an adipokine, is systemically elevated in the obese milieu. We recently showed that maternal hyperleptinemia without obesity improves offspring insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance while protecting against weight gain on a high-fat, high-sugar (HFD). Here, we investigate the effect of maternal hyperleptinemia on offspring bone by using 2 independent maternal models. First, we compared wild-type (WT) offspring from severely hyperleptinemic Leprdb/+ (DB/+) dams with those from WT dams. In the second model, WT females were implanted with miniosmotic pumps that released either saline (group SAL) or leptin (group LEP; 650ng/hour) and the WT offspring were compared. At 23 weeks of age, a subset of offspring were challenged with a HFD for 8 weeks. When the offspring were 31 weeks of age, bone geometry, strength, and material properties were investigated. The HFD increased trabecular bone volume but decreased both total breaking strength and material strength of femora from the offspring of WT dams. However, male offspring of DB/+ dams were protected from the detrimental effects of a HFD, while offspring of LEP dams were not. Further material analysis revealed a modest decrease in advanced glycation end product accumulation coupled with increased collagen crosslinking in male offspring from DB/+ dams on a HFD. These data suggest that while maternal leptin may protect bone quality from the effects of a HFD, additional factors of the maternal environment controlled by leptin receptor signaling are likely also involved.
Fermenting Feminism as Methodology and Metaphor
Authors: Fournier Lauren 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article proposes the possibilities of fermentation, or microbial transformation, as a material practice and speculative metaphor through which to approach today’s transnational feminisms. The author approaches this from the perspective of their multiyear curatorial experiment Fermenting Feminism, looking to multidisciplinary practices across the arts that bring together fermentation and feminism in dynamic ways. The article outlines ten ways in which fermentation is a ripe framework for approaching transinclusive, antiracist, countercolonial feminisms. As the author takes up these points, drawing from scholarly and artistic references alongside lived experience, they theorize the ways fermentation taps into the fizzy currents within critical and creative feminist practices. With its explosive, multisensory, and multispecies resonances fermentation becomes a provocation for contemporary transnational feminisms. Is feminism, with its etymological roots in the feminine, something worth preserving? In what ways might it be preserved, and in what ways might it be transformed? The author proposes that fermentation is a generative metaphor, a material practice, and a microbiological process through which feminisms might be reenergized—through symbiotic cultures of feminisms, fermentation prompts fizzy change with the simultaneity of preservation and transformation, futurity and decay.
Phytochemical composition analysis and evaluation of in vitro medicinal properties and cytotoxicity of five wild weeds: A comparative study
Authors: Ghosh Pranabesh , Das Chandrima , Biswas Swagata , Nag Sudip Kumar , Dutta Alolika , Biswas Maitrayee , Sil Sayantan , Hazra Labani , Ghosh Chandreyi , Das Shaktijit , Saha Moumita , Mondal Nasim , Mandal Suprodip , Ghosh Anirban , Karmakar Srabani , CHATTERJEE SIRSHENDU 
Published: June 2020

Background:Medicinal plants are a source of phytochemicals and they are used for the treatment of several oxidative stress-related or other diseases for their effectiveness, low toxicity and easy availability. Five traditionally used and less characterized herbaceous weeds of West Bengal, India, namely,Heliotropium indicum,Tridax procumbens,Cleome rutidosperma,Commelina benghalensisandEuphorbia hirta,were investigated for the current research study.Methods:Aqueous and 70% ethanolic extracts of the leaves were analyzed for estimation of essential phytochemicals and to evaluate theirin vitroantioxidant status, medicinal properties and cytotoxic effects. To the best of our knowledge, several assays and comparative evaluations using these herbs are reported for the first time. For quantitative study, UV-vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector HPLC-DAD techniques were used. Antibacterial properties were investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Forin vitroanti-lithiatic study, a titration method was used. The cell viability assay was done using peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Results:The aqueous extract exhibits higher content of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and inhibition percentage values for freeradical scavenging assays, whereas the 70% ethanolic extract exhibits higher content of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. HPLC-DAD analysis of 70% ethanolic extracts led us to identify 10 predominant phenolic constituents.Euphorbia hirtaextracts showed minimum cytotoxicity (cell death~2.5% and 4%in water and 70% ethanolic extract, respectively), whereasCleome rutidospermaandTridax procumbens’70% ethanolic extracts showed higher cell death (~13% and 28%, respectively), compared with the control (cell death ~10-12%).Conclusions:The study concluded that of all the medicinal weeds selected for the current study,Euphorbia hirtapossesses the highest amount of bioactive compounds and hence exhibits the highestin vitroantioxidant activity and promisingin vitromedicinal properties.
Pesticide exposure and lung cancer risk: A case-control study in Nakhon Sawan, Thailand
Authors: Kangkhetkron Teera , Juntarawijit Chudchawal 
Published: June 2020

Background: Pesticide exposure might increase risk of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the historical use of pesticides commonly found in Thailand, and lung cancer. Methods: This case-control study compared a lifetime pesticide exposure of 233 lung cancer cases, and 458 healthy neighbours matched for gender, and age (±5 years). Data on demographic, pesticide exposure, and other related factors were collected using a face-to-face interview questionnaire. Associations between lung cancer and types of pesticides as well as individual pesticides were analysed using logistic regression adjusted for gender (male, female), age (≤54, 55-64, 65-74, ≥75), cigarette smoking (ever, never smoke), occupation (farmer, non-farmer), and exposure to air pollution (yes, no). Results: It was found that lung cancer was positively associated with lifetime use of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. Compared to people in the lowest quartile of number of days using the herbicides and insecticides, those in a higher quartile had an elevated risk of lung cancer, with odds ratio (OR) between 2.79 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–6.95), and 28.43 (95% CI 11.11-72.76) (p < 0.001). For fungicides, only the most exposed group had a significant risk (OR = 4.97; 95% CI 1.49-16.56). For individual pesticides, those presenting a significant association with lung cancer were dieldrin (OR = 2.76; 95% CI 1.42-5.36), chlorpyrifos (OR = 3.98; 95 % CI 2.06-7.67), and carbofuran (OR = 2.58; 95% CI 1.48-4.51). Conclusions: The results showed that lung cancer among Thai people in Nakhon Sawan province is associated with previous pesticide use. This finding was consistent with previous studies in other parts of the world. Further study should focus on identifying more individual compounds that may cause lung cancer, as well as other types of cancer.
Interferon-gamma polymorphisms and risk of iron deficiency and anaemia in Gambian children
Authors: Abuga Kelvin M. , Rockett Kirk A. , Muriuki John Muthii , Koch Oliver , Nairz Manfred , Sirugo Giorgio , Bejon Philip , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Prentice Andrew M. , Atkinson Sarah H. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Anaemia is a major public health concern especially in African children living in malaria-endemic regions. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is elevated during malaria infection and is thought to influence erythropoiesis and iron status. Genetic variants in the IFN-γ gene (IFNG) are associated with increased IFN-γ production. We investigated putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of IFNG in relation to nutritional iron status and anaemia in Gambian children over a malaria season. Methods: We used previously available data from Gambian family trios to determine informative SNPs and then used the Agena Bioscience MassArray platform to type five SNPs from the IFNG gene in a cohort of 780 Gambian children aged 2-6 years. We also measured haemoglobin and biomarkers of iron status and inflammation at the start and end of a malaria season. Results: We identified five IFNG haplotype-tagging SNPs ( IFNG-1616 [rs2069705], IFNG+874 [rs2430561], IFNG+2200 [rs1861493], IFNG+3234 [rs2069718] and IFNG+5612 [rs2069728]). The IFNG+2200C [rs1861493] allele was associated with reduced haemoglobin concentrations (adjusted β -0.44 [95% CI -0.75, -0.12]; Bonferroni adjusted P = 0.03) and a trend towards iron deficiency compared to wild-type at the end of the malaria season in multivariable models adjusted for potential confounders. A haplotype uniquely identified by IFNG+2200C was similarly associated with reduced haemoglobin levels and trends towards iron deficiency, anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia at the end of the malaria season in models adjusted for age, sex, village, inflammation and malaria parasitaemia. Conclusion: We found limited statistical evidence linking IFNG polymorphisms with a risk of developing iron deficiency and anaemia in Gambian children. More definitive studies are needed to investigate the effects of genetically influenced IFN-γ levels on the risk of iron deficiency and anaemia in children living in malaria-endemic areas.
Trabalho e práticas sociais das mulheres: encontros entre a sociologia das relações sociais de sexo e a psicodinâmica do trabalho
Authors: De Souza Lapa Thaís 
Published: June 2020

Desenvolvo neste artigo um debate sobre condições de trabalho e práticas sociais de trabalhadoras, que são compreendidas ao mesmo tempo como de sexo e de classe. Com base em contribuições, sobretudo francófonas, acerca da psicodinâmica e da divisão sexual do trabalho, procurarei desenvolver aspectos do debate teórico sobre o sofrimento e a construção de « estratégias coletivas de defesa das mulheres no trabalho. O texto é desenvolvido procurando identificar e trabalhar conceitos heuristicamente úteis para a análise das condições de trabalho e das práticas sociais delas derivadas, oriundos dos campos teóricos da psicodinâmica do trabalho e da sociologia das relações sociais de sexo, a exemplo dos conceitos de virilidade e feminilidade socialmente construídas. Também pretende-se recuperar parte das contribuições mútuas entre esses dois campos teóricos.
A Description of the Educational Setting Among Individuals With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Nash Rebecca , Riley Catharine , Paramsothy Pangaja , Gilbertson Kendra , Raspa Melissa , Wheeler Anne , Dziuban Eric J. , Peacock Georgina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChildren with fragile X syndrome (FXS) display wide-ranging intellectual and behavioral abilities that affect daily life. We describe the educational setting of students with FXS and assess the relationships between school setting, co-occurring conditions, and functional ability using a national survey sample (n = 982). The majority of students with FXS in this sample have formal individualized education plans, spend part of the day outside regular classrooms, and receive modifications when in a regular classroom. Males with FXS and certain co-occurring conditions (autism, aggression, and self-injurious behavior) are more likely to spend the entire day outside regular classrooms, compared to males without these co-occurring conditions. Students who spend more time in regular classrooms are more likely to perform functional tasks without help.
Correlative infrared optical coherence tomography and hyperspectral chemical imaging
Authors: Zorin Ivan , Su Rong , Heise Bettina , Lendl Bernhard , Brandstetter Markus 
Published: June 2020

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution three-dimensional imaging technique that enables nondestructive measurements of surface and subsurface microstructures. Recent developments of OCT operating in the mid-infrared (MIR) range (around 4 µm) lifted fundamental scattering limitations and initiated applied material research in formerly inaccessible fields. The MIR spectral region, however, is also of great interest for spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging, which allow highly selective and sensitive chemical studies of materials. In this contribution, we introduce an OCT system (dual-band, central wavelengths of 2 µm and 4 µm) combined with MIR spectroscopy that is implemented as a raster scanning chemical imaging modality. The fully integrated and cost-effective optical instrument is based on a single supercontinuum laser source (emission spectrum spanning from 1.1 µm to 4.4 µm). Capabilities of the in situ correlative measurements are experimentally demonstrated by obtaining complex multidimensional material data, comprising morphological and chemical information, from a multilayered composite ceramic-polymer specimen.
Wavelength-scanning second-harmonic generation for determining absolute charge density at aqueous interfaces
Authors: Dalstein Laetitia , Huang Jung-Ren , Wen Yu-Chieh 
Published: June 2020

We develop a new, to the best of our knowledge, optical scheme based on second-harmonic generation (SHG) at multiple wavelengths for unequivocal separation of the second-order and the electric-field-induced third-order nonlinear optical contributions from aqueous interfaces. The third-order SHG originating from the field-induced reorientation order of water molecules in the electrical double layer offers an optical label-free and inherent probe to the surface charge density and surface potential in the absolute scales. We verify this wavelength-scanning SHG scheme both theoretically and experimentally, and show that the approach is applicable to water interfaces with bulk ionic strength below 500 µM and can achieve a detection sensitivity for a surface charge density of

∼

10

−
4

C

/

m

2

.