bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation Dosimetry of Inhaled Radioactive Aerosols: CFPD and MCNP Transport Simulations of Radionuclides in the Lung
Authors: Talaat Khaled , Xi Jinxiang , Baldez Phoenix , Hecht Adam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite extensive efforts in studying radioactive aerosols, including the transmission of radionuclides in different chemical matrices throughout the body, the internal organ-specific radiation dose due to inhaled radioactive aerosols has largely relied on experimental deposition data and simplified human phantoms. Computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) has proven to be a reliable tool in characterizing aerosol transport in the upper airways, while Monte Carlo based radiation codes allow accurate simulation of radiation transport. The objective of this study is to numerically assess the radiation dosimetry due to particles decaying in the respiratory tract from environmental radioactive exposures by coupling CFPD with Monte Carlo N-Particle code, version 6 (MCNP6). A physiologically realistic mouth-lung model extending to the bifurcation generation G9 was used to simulate airflow and particle transport within the respiratory tract. Polydisperse aerosols with different distributions were considered, and deposition distribution of the inhaled aerosols on the internal airway walls was quantified. The deposition mapping of radioactive aerosols was then registered to the respiratory tract of an image-based whole-body adult male model (VIP-Man) to simulate radiation transport and energy deposition. Computer codes were developed for geometry visualization, spatial normalization, and source card definition in MCNP6. Spatial distributions of internal radiation dosimetry were compared for different radionuclides (131I, 134,137Cs, 90Sr-90Y, 103Ru and 239,240Pu) in terms of the radiation fluence, energy deposition density, and dose per decay.
Integrating machine learning and multiscale modeling—perspectives, challenges, and opportunities in the biological, biomedical, and behavioral sciences
Authors: Alber Mark , Buganza Tepole Adrian , Cannon William R. , De Suvranu , Dura-Bernal Salvador , Garikipati Krishna , Karniadakis George , Lytton William W. , Perdikaris Paris , Petzold Linda , Kuhl Ellen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFueled by breakthrough technology developments, the biological, biomedical, and behavioral sciences are now collecting more data than ever before. There is a critical need for time- and cost-efficient strategies to analyze and interpret these data to advance human health. The recent rise of machine learning as a powerful technique to integrate multimodality, multifidelity data, and reveal correlations between intertwined phenomena presents a special opportunity in this regard. However, machine learning alone ignores the fundamental laws of physics and can result in ill-posed problems or non-physical solutions. Multiscale modeling is a successful strategy to integrate multiscale, multiphysics data and uncover mechanisms that explain the emergence of function. However, multiscale modeling alone often fails to efficiently combine large datasets from different sources and different levels of resolution. Here we demonstrate that machine learning and multiscale modeling can naturally complement each other to create robust predictive models that integrate the underlying physics to manage ill-posed problems and explore massive design spaces. We review the current literature, highlight applications and opportunities, address open questions, and discuss potential challenges and limitations in four overarching topical areas: ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, data-driven approaches, and theory-driven approaches. Towards these goals, we leverage expertise in applied mathematics, computer science, computational biology, biophysics, biomechanics, engineering mechanics, experimentation, and medicine. Our multidisciplinary perspective suggests that integrating machine learning and multiscale modeling can provide new insights into disease mechanisms, help identify new targets and treatment strategies, and inform decision making for the benefit of human health.
Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG
Authors: D’Orazi V. , Oliva E. , Bragaglia A. , Frasca A. , Sanna N. , Biazzo K. , Casali G. , Desidera S. , Lucatello S. , Magrini L. , Origlia L. 
Published: November 2019

Context. Open clusters exquisitely track the Galactic disc chemical properties and its time evolution; a substantial number of studies and large spectroscopic surveys focus mostly on the chemical content of relatively old clusters (age ≳ 1 Gyr). Interestingly, the less studied young counterpart populating the solar surrounding has been found to be solar (at most), with a notable surprising lack of young metal-rich objects. While there is wide consensus about the moderately above-solar composition of the Hyades cluster, the metallicity of Praesepe is still controversial. Recent studies suggest that these two clusters share identical chemical composition and age, but this conclusion is disputed.
Aims. With the aim of reassessing the metallicity of Praesepe, and its difference (if any) with the Hyades cluster, we present in this paper a spectroscopic investigation of ten solar-type dwarf members.
Methods. We exploited GIARPS at the TNG to acquire high-resolution, high-quality optical and near-IR spectra and derived stellar parameters, metallicity ([Fe/H]), light elements, α- and iron-peak elements, by using a strictly differential (line-by-line) approach. We also analysed in the very same way the solar spectrum and the Hyades solar analogue HD 28099.
Results. Our findings suggest that Praesepe is more metal-rich than the Hyades, at the level of Δ[Fe/H] = +0.05 ± 0.01 dex, with a mean value of [Fe/H] = +0.21 ± 0.01 dex. All the other elements scale with iron, as expected. This result seems to reject the hypothesis of a common origin for these two open clusters. Most importantly, Praesepe is currently the most metal-rich, young open cluster living in the solar neighbourhood.
Endoscopic management of large ileocecal valve lesions over an 18-year interval
Authors: Ponugoti Prasanna L. , Broadley Heather M. , Garcia Jonathan , Rex Douglas K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Ileocecal valve (ICV) lesions are challenging to remove endoscopically.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort study, performed at an academic tertiary US hospital. Sessile polyps or flat ICV lesions ≥ 20 mm in size referred for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) were included. Successful resection rates, complication rates and recurrence were compared to lesions ≥ 20 mm in size not located on the ICV.
Results During an 18-year interval, there were 118 ICV lesions ≥ 20 mm with mean size 28.6 mm (44.9 % females; mean age 71.6 years), comprising 9.03 % of all referred polyps. Ninety ICV lesions (76.3 %) were resected endoscopically, compared to 91.3 % of non-ICV lesions (P < 0.001). However, in the most recent 8 years, successful EMR of ICV lesions increased to 93 %. Conventional adenomas comprised 92.2 % of ICV lesions and 7.8 % were serrated. Delayed hemorrhage and perforation occurred in 3.3 % and 0 % of ICV lesions, respectively, compared to 4.8 % and 0.5 % in the non-ICV group. At first follow-up, rates of residual polyp in the ICV and non-ICV groups were 16.5 % and 13.6 %, respectively (P = 0.485). At second follow-up residual rates in the ICV and non-ICV lesion groups were 18.6 % and 6.7 %, respectively (P = .005).
Conclusions Large ICV polyps are a common source of tertiary referrals. Over an 18-year experience, risk of EMR for ICV polyps was numerically lower, and risk of recurrence was numerically higher at first follow and significantly higher at second follow-up compared to non-ICV polyps.
Language patterns and attitude revisited
Authors: Su Hang , Hunston Susan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the association between language patterns and attitudinal meanings, focusing specifically on adjective complementation patterns and types of attitudes as proposed in the Appraisal framework (Martin & White 2005). The investigation shows that the tripartite division of Attitude into Affect, Judgement and Appreciation can be supported with pattern differentials. The detailed scrutiny of adjective patterns with respect to theattitudesystem supportsBednarek’s (2009)argument that both aspects of attitudinal lexis (emotion or opinion lexis) and attitudinal target (the entity being evaluated) should be considered in analysing appraisal expressions, which leads to the proposal that Appraisal is in essence instantiated by choices made simultaneously in terms of the attitudinal lexis that is used and the attitudinal target that is involved.
Changes in the physicochemical properties of fish cell membranes during cellular senescence
Authors: Shiomi Akifumi , Nagao Kohjiro , Kasai Hisae , Hara Yuji , Umeda Masato 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTFish cell lines are widely used for the studies of developmental biology, virology, biology of aging, and nutrition physiology. However, little is known about their physicochemical properties. Here, we report the phospholipid compositions and mechanical properties of cell membranes derived from freshwater, anadromous and marine fish species. Biophysical analyses revealed that fish cell lines have highly deformable cell membranes with significantly low membrane tensions and Young’s moduli compared with those of mammalian cell lines. The induction of cellular senescence by DNA demethylation using 5-Aza-2ʹ-deoxycytidine significantly reduced the deformability of fish cell membrane, but hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress did not affect the deformability. Mass spectrometry analysis of phospholipids revealed that the level of phosphatidylethanolamine molecules containing polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly increased during the 5-Aza-2ʹ-deoxycytidine-induced cellular senescence. Fish cell lines provide a useful model system for studying the changes in the physicochemical properties of cell membranes during cellular senescence.Abbreviations: 2D-TLC: two-dimensional thin layer chromatography; 5-Aza-dC: 5-Aza-2ʹ-deoxycytidine; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; FBS: fetal bovine serum; PC: phosphatidylcholine; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PI: phosphatidylinositol; PS: phosphatidylserine; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acid; SA-β-gal: senescence-associated beta-galactosidase; SM: sphingomyelin
Pulsed laser deposition of the ion-conducting LiCoO2 films
Authors: Parshina Liubov , Novodvorsky Oleg , Khramova Olga , Gusev Dmitry , Cherebilo Elena , Arakelian Sergey , Mikhalevsky Vladimir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Pulsed laser deposition on the n-type and p-type sapphire and silicon substrates produced the ion-conducting LiCoO2 films with a thickness of 10 to 100 nm. The films were synthesized from the compound LiCoO2:Li2O targets with the concentrations of Li2O 5% and 10% at the substrate temperature of 25 to 500 °C. The optical and electrical properties and surface morphology of the films obtained were investigated depending on the type of the substrate and the deposition temperature. The surface roughness of the LiCoO2 films weakly depended on the type of substrate and increased from 7 to 35 nm with a decrease in the substrate temperature from 500 to 25 °C, respectively. The transmission of the LiCoO2 films increased, on the average, by 30% over the entire spectral range under study from 200 to 1000 nm with a change in the substrate temperature from 25 to 500 °C. It has been established that the LiCoO2 films deposited on the silicon substrates exhibit the resistivity of the order of 10−7 Ω cm for the films prepared on high-conducting n- and p-type silicon, and of the order of 10-1 Ω cm for those prepared on high-resistance silicon of n-type. The LiCoO2 films deposited on the c-sapphire substrates display dielectric properties.
Laser ablation of titanium in the medium of n-hexane by femtosecond laser pulses at various pressures
Authors: Chernikov A S , Kochuev D A , Ivashchenko A V , Khorkov K S , Voznesenskaya A A , Prokoshev V G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies on the synthesis of spherical titanium nanopowders in the medium of n-hexane depending on the pressure of the buffer gas. The dependence of the size dispersion of the obtaining nanopowders on pressure is considered. SEM images of the obtained nanopowders are shown. It has been demonstrated that adjusting the value of the external pressure, it is possible to control the size of the ablation products of laser processing.
Evaluation of microstructure and physical and mechanical properties of bulk parts obtained from Russian and German steel powder by selective laser melting
Authors: Usov S. , Tochilin I. , Voznesenskaya A. , Zhdanov A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, a comparative analysis of steel powder materials of Russian and German production is carried out. Samples were obtained by selective laser melting at various melting parameters. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out, the microstructure of the obtained samples was analyzed by optical microscopy, and hardness of the samples was studied.
The modeling of the light sensitive titanium dioxide microrolls doped by noble metal nanoparticles
Authors: Osipov A. , Kucherik A. , Kutrovskaya S. , Istratov A. , Samyshkin V. , Skryabin I. , Novodvorskiy O. , Arakelian S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Titanium oxide films are photosensitive they have unusual optical properties. This article represents the possibility of the TiO objects (rolls) obtaining with predetermined optical parameters. The article also includes the comparison between numerical and physical experiments.
Different configurations of cores and shear walls in tall buildings
Authors: Paknahad M. , Hejazi F. , Al-Attar Alyaa.A. , Shahbazian A. , Ostovar N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A core system for buildings has been recognized as an effective tool for managing the response of the building when an earthquake happens by decoupling the building structure from potentially damaging earthquake-induced forces. A challenging issue in this context is the application of the configuration of the core system. A review of recent studies shows that the configuration of cores has not been substantial investigated. This study presents seismic design concepts in which different configurations of cores are applied to a building. Nine steel buildings were modeled with rectangular core, octagon core, circle core, lozenge core, cross core, multi core, irregular core 1, and irregular core 2. All structural models are subjected to components of the 1940 El Centro earthquake and are evaluated and compared with the response of a structure without core. All models were also compared with and without opening in cores. The performance of the structural models under seismic excitation was evaluated by conducting linear dynamic time history analysis. Seismic results are investigated in terms of joint displacement and structure internal member forces. Results show that the presence of irregular core 1 significantly reduces the seismic response of the structure in this plane.
A Review of Dynamic Analysis in Frequency Domain for Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Sarah J. , Hejazi F. , Rashid Raizal S.M. , Ostovar Nima 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently, many different techniques for health monitoring of structure are developed with aim of monitoring the stability of structure with high accuracy and low cost. Nowadays, by advancing technology in the civil engineering field many infrastructures and megastructure are constructed such as towers, dams, bridges and etc. Evaluation of the building stability is complicated in the structure with a complex configuration which led the structural health monitoring process as a challenging issue to ensure the function of the structure during the operation period. To evaluate the serviceability and strength of the building, the subject experts have made a number of attempts to develop damage detection techniques for special building, for example, high-rise building, towers, bridges and dams besides exhibitingeconomical and practical techniques about structural health monitoring systems. In structural assessment procedures, one of the well-known damage detection techniques is referred to as the change of natural frequencies. In addition, many researchers are frequently using the machine learning methods in SHM for identification of damage. Hence, by using these methods, a summary regarding monitoring of special building through frequency domain response of the structure is presented by this study.
Investigation on durability of concrete exposed to chloride, sulfate attack and steel corrosion
Authors: Riyahi A. , Abbas Jebter A. , Hejazi F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the present age, the concrete material is playing an increasingly important role in construction. But in the meantime, environmental features have serious damaging influence on the concrete. Consequently, this damage will decline the long-time persistence and serviceability of concrete structures. This review paper discusses recent researches activity on the permanence of concrete, including: a) main durability problem including sulfate attack, steel corrosion and alkali aggregate reaction, b) durability of concrete in nautical location such as seawater, groundwater, Salt Lake; and c) mix with effects of environmental items and mechanical loads on persistence of concrete. This report is based on results of many realistic experiments which happened by scientist. Consequently, it’s important to follow these methods to improve service life of concrete and durability would be superior.
Formation of bridge end bumps due to settlement at bridge approaches
Authors: Aziman M. , Raizal Saifulnaz M. R. , Hejazi F. , Azarkerdar Arash 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The problem of bridge bump has been a major issue for decades. Over the years, a lot of studies have been conducted by various agencies and professionals to investigate and pinpoint the cause of this phenomenon. Majority of researchers agreed that the major cause of the formation of bridge bump is the differential settlement of soil between bridge abutment and bridge approach. However the exact cause of the settlement may vary depending on the site condition. Some of the causes of settlement were discussed in this paper which includes deformation of embankment fill, deformation of foundation soil, poor drainage system in and around the bridge abutment and poor design and construction practices. Besides that, current practices and new development of mitigation and rehabilitation methods were also discussed in this paper. This paper reviews the factors that contribute to the formation of bridge bump while also identifying the available methods that was used to eradicate this problem.
The strength of lightweight aggregate in concrete – A Review
Authors: Banawair A.S. , Qaid G.M. , Adil Z.M. , Nasir N.A.M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Concrete elements are the heaviest weight in structure, and it is the main component of the dead load in structure. Lightweight concrete is used to minimize overall dead load in structures, and also has a remarkable fire resistance quality more than normal weight aggregate concrete. Lightweight concrete can be characterized as a concrete consists of normal and artificial lightweight aggregate such as lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). LECA produced in a rotary kiln which is approximately 50% lighter than normal aggregate, which is a new method in minimizing concrete self-weight. The main purpose of concrete in structure is to resist the compression stresses, the tests need to prove the effectiveness of using LECA in concrete to produce acceptable compression strength. For this reason, many attempts has been made to discuss and review the strength of structural element using LECA. This paper reviews several tests for the strength of LECA concrete by determining the mechanical properties such as flexural strength and compressive strength. The LECA concrete compressive strength is found to be slightly lower than normal weight aggregate concrete. It can be seen from researches results that LECA concrete produced medium strengths, both in compressive and flexural.
Forensic engineering of fire damaged concrete structures – a review–
Authors: Lee W Y , Syed Husin S R , Thangaveloo T , Hejazi F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Malaysia has put numerous efforts in producing standards and guidelines for firefighting systems in building. However, with rising statistics of fire incidents in Malaysia, developing the standards and guidelines on forensic engineering for fire damaged concrete structures is a pure challenge. Since the durability of fire damaged concrete depends on many factors including the types of concrete materials used and the thermal actions, a performance-based method should be considerably adopted besides prescriptive method that are currently being used. To overcome this, an attempt has been made to study and review papers on the durability of concrete structures damaged by fire according to the performance-based method, the assessment and its’ rehabilitation. Few methods of assessment and investigation have been discussed briefly in this paper such as non-destructive test like Hammer Test, UPV and Core Test.Various of fire-damaged building rehabilitation method had been implemented in the industry however FRP plates stands out among them. Reviews on the behavior of fire damaged concrete structure repair with FRP composite plate and new improvement in fire resistance of FRP composite materials will be conducted. Other than that, a new composite material, TRM composite for fire damaged concrete strengthening and a chemical treatment method, realkalisation method for restoring fire damaged concrete strength are also discussed. Therefore, the understanding in this field is useful in evaluating and improving the building structural integrity of fire damaged concrete structures to ensure the rectified structure could fulfill the initial function and restore the original mechanical properties.
Waste glass as partial replacement in cement – A review
Authors: Al-jburi Najad A. A. , Hasan Kareem J.K. , Azline Noor , Ostovar Nima 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The industries of Cement and glass are dealing with a variety of demanding situations due to the excessive factories gases emissions, the extensive use of power and the intensive use of the earth’s natural resources. The temporary landfills of dumping waste glass are now not providing a friendly environment, because of waste glass particle are nonbiodegradable. Furthermore, the chemical structure and the pozzolanic characteristics of waste glass are inspiring for using this waste in the cement industries and urban industries and to provide an environmentally friendly answer for the glass and cement industries. Thus, it can be used as a partial cement replacement in Portland cement concrete or as a partial replacement in the form of waste glass powder (WGP) or as waste glass sludge (WGS). The use of glass powder in Portland cement concrete does have some negative impact on characteristics of the concrete; however, waste glass in its crushed condition can be use in about 100 % and it can still be a practical applicability. This paper reviews the unusual uses of waste glass in cement and concrete and the effect of thermal and pozzolanic activity on the properties of waste glass the impact of the glass characteristics on the durability and performance of the produced cement and concrete.