bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing innovation speed through trust: -A case study on reframing employee defensive routines
Authors: Mitcheltree Christina Marie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Trust in organizations plays an essential role for efficient innovation implementation. However, trust between managers and employees is under communicated in relation to innovation speed. Innovation speed is related to innovation adoption, concerning new ways of performing laboratory services within the health sector. The purpose of this case study is to investigate how trust mechanisms may enhance innovation speed by reducing employee decisions to perform defensive routines. The focus is related to trust as a social condition for enhancing innovation acceptance in the context of management and organizing styles subject to the Norwegian Work Life Model. The study found that a lack of employee participation and involvement, may result in emotional tension, a sense of uncertainty, disconnect, and various defensive mechanisms towards management and the innovation. Consequently, employees’ attention, loyalty and responsibility might be redirected away from the innovation.
Electrochemical activation as a fat rendering technology
Authors: Gorbacheva Mariya , Tarasov Vasily , Kalmanovich Svetlana , Sapozhnikova Alla 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The existing methods of animal fat obtaining have certain disadvantages, hence fat extraction study highly is relevant. Electrochemically activated solutions are known to have a great potential for animal fat extraction. The present paper introduced a new advanced fat obtaining technology based on the principle of electrochemical activation.
Study objects and methods. The research featured ostrich fat obtained by wet rendering in water and in an electrochemically activated solution (catholyte) using various processing methods and technological parameters. Standard methods helped define the physical and chemical parameters of the obtained fat samples.
Results and discussion. The paper introduced a technological and hardware setup of an ostrich fat production line with the necessary equipment specifications. The research made it possible to define the optimal parameters for fat extraction: the salt concentration for the catholyte = 4 g/100 cm3, voltage = 40–42 V, pH = 11, and redox potential of the catholyte = between –600 and –700 mV. During the fat processing, cell membranes in the electrolyte were destroyed, which inactivated the enzyme system. The obtained combination of physical and chemical factors resulted in ostrich fat of high quality. Fat extraction in an electrochemically activated solution (catholyte) catalyzed the process and increased the fat yield, regardless of the processing temperature. The fat yield exceeded 58% at 55°C and catholyte pH of 11.0. At 95–100°C and pH of 9.5–10.6, it exceeded 95%.
Conclusion. The new technology increased the fat yield, maintained its high quality, and reduced the processing cost. Therefore, the developed production line could be recommended for fat extraction of farm animals, depending on the intended use.
NIELETNI JAKO SPRAWCY PRZESTĘPSTWA KRADZIEŻY TOŻSAMOŚCI W POLSCE – WYBRANE ASPEKTY KRYMINOLOGICZNE
Authors: Stachelska Aleksandra 
Published: December 2020

Przestępstwo kradzieży tożsamości coraz częściej podnoszone jest w mediach jako zagrożenie XXI wieku. Do tej pory naukowcy w Polsce zajmowali się badaniem form kryminalizacji oraz fenomenem zjawiska wśród dorosłych. Z racji dynamicznego rozwoju w ostatnich latach nowych technologii, które wydają się determinantem wzrostu zagrożenia omawianym przestępstwem oraz najwyższym udziałem młodych użytkowników w korzystaniu z efektów nowych technologii, autorka postanowiła przyjrzeć się zjawisku wśród osób nieletnich.
Artykuł opisuje wybrane aspekty kryminologiczne, podejmując próbę ukazania na podstawie statystyk sądowych fenomenu zjawiska kradzieży tożsamości wśród nieletnich oraz możliwości zapobiegania i zwalczania tego przestępstwa. W opracowaniu nierzadko informacje dotyczące nieletnich konfrontowane są ze zjawiskiem występującym wśród osób dorosłych, co wzbogaciło ocenę sytuacji kradzieży tożsamości popełnianej przez nieletnich w Polsce.
Selenium Nanoparticles in Folate-Targeted Delivery of the pCMV-Luc DNA Reporter Gene
Authors: Maiyo Fiona C. , Mbatha Londiwe S. , Singh Moganavelli 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Selenium, an essential micronutrient, has been studied for decades for its
anticancer properties. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have now emerged as an interesting alternative
for drug and gene delivery.

Aims:
We aimed to demonstrate in proof of principle, the potential use of SeNPs in targeted pCMVLuc
DNA (pDNA) delivery in vitro.

Objectives:
To chemically synthesize, characterize and evaluate the transgene expression of functionalized SeNPs in five
human cell lines.

Methods:
SeNPs were synthesized via chemical reduction, coated with chitosan (Ch) and a targeting
moiety, folic acid (FA). All nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), UV-vis and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Nanoparticle:pDNA interactions were assessed using the electrophoretic mobility shift, dye
displacement and nuclease protection assays. The MTT and Luciferase reporter gene assays were
used to determine cytotoxicity and transgene expression, respectively, in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma
(HT-29 and Caco-2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), oral epidermoid/cervical carcinoma
contaminant (KB) and the embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells.

Results:
Homogenous nanoparticles of 60-70 nm were able to successfully bind, compact and protect the pDNA from
enzyme digestion. Low cytotoxicity was observed in all cells, except for the MCF-7 cells, which could be attributed to
apoptosis and necrosis. Luciferase gene expression was highest for the targeted nanocomplexes in the folate-receptor rich
KB cell line, confirming nanocomplex uptake through folate receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Conclusion:
This study opens a new avenue for synergistic treatment of cancer, combining selenium’s
bioactivity and its carrier potential for therapeutic gene delivery.
Synthetic Spirocyclohexadienones as New Anti-Migratory Compounds in Triple- Negative Breast Cancer Cell Migration
Authors: Altei Wanessa F. , Pachane Bianca C. , Martins Lucimara J. , Gomes Ralph C. , Santos Ricardo N. , Fernandes Daniara C. , Selistre-de-Araújo Heloisa S. , Coelho Fernando , Andricopulo Adriano D. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Triple-negative BC is the most aggressive type of breast cancer and its lack of
responsiveness to conventional therapies requires screening of new chemical entities. Anti-migratory compounds
are promising to treat metastatic cancer since they inhibit one of the main steps of the metastatic cascade.
Spirocyclic compounds are non-conventional structures used as building blocks for the synthesis of biologically
active molecules and considered interesting structures in the search for new targets in cancer research.

Objective:
Here we evaluated the potential of eight synthetic spirocyclohexadienones as cell migration inhibitors.

Methods:
The anti-migratory ability of compounds was tested by wound healing and Boyden chamber
approaches. Experiments in tubulin were performed by fluorescence and tubulin polymerization techniques.
Finally, compounds were submitted to cell proliferation inhibition and flow cytometry assays to explore the
mechanism by which they inhibit cell migration.

Results:
Four compounds inhibited cell migration significantly. Analogs containing the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenil
ring at R1 position were the most potent and, thus, selected for additional experiments. Tubulin polymerization
and fluorescence assays highlighted a possible binding of spirocyclohexadienones in the colchicine binding site;
however, these compounds did not affect the cell cycle to the same extent as colchicine. Cell proliferation was
affected and, notably, the most potent analogs induced apoptosis of tumor cells, suggesting a different
mechanism by which they inhibit cell migration.

Conclusion:
We presented, for the first time, a series of eight synthetic spirocyclohexadienones with the ability
to inhibit TNBC cell migration. These compounds represent a new category to be explored as anticancer agents.
The Role of Folate-supplementation in Depression: A Narrative Review
Authors: Falade Joshua , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. , Onaolapo Olakunle J. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
There is a relationship between the etiology and management of clinical depression and vitamin deficiencies.

Aim:
To review the effect of dietary folic acid supplementation on cause, severity and treatment of
depression.

Methods:
A narrative review of empirical and theoretical literature on the effect of folic acid supplementation on the se-verity and treatment outcomes of depression.

Result:
Many enzymes and neurotransmitters depend on folic acid for optimal functions. The
monoamine hypothesis of depression confirms the depletion of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.
The systemic level of methyl folate is dependent upon the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate
reductase [MTHFR], which is encoded by a polymorphic gene [C677T-MTHFR], as well as
being dependent on dietary folic acid intake. However, folate has procarcinogenic properties because
its coenzymes are involved in de novo purine and thymine nucleotide biosynthesis. Besides,
folate deficiency in normal tissues may also predispose to neoplastic transformation, while folate
supplementation may suppress the development of tumors in normal tissues. Epidemiological
studies revealed that low folate status is associated with depression; especially in terms of severity
and the outcome of antidepressant use.

Conclusion:
The role of folic acid in the etiology and the management of depression cannot be
overemphasized. Folate supplementation has been yielding positive results in the management of
depression.
Suppression of Timing Variations due to Random Dopant Fluctuation by Back-gate Bias in a Nanometer CMOS Inverter
Authors: Zhang Kai , Lu Weifeng , Si Peng , Zhao Zhifeng , Yu Tianyu 
Published: December 2020

Background:
In state-of-the-art nanometer metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect- transistors
(MOSFETs), optimization of timing characteristic is one of the major concerns in the design
of modern digital integrated circuits.

Objective:
This study proposes an effective back-gate-biasing technique to comprehensively investigate
the timing and its variation due to random dopant fluctuation (RDF) employing Monte Carlo
methodology.

Methods:
To analyze RDF-induced timing variation in a 22-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) inverter, an ensemble of 1000 different samples of channel-doping for negative
metal-oxide semiconductor (NMOS) and positive metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) was reproduced
and the input/output curves were measured. Since back-gate bias is technology dependent, we
present in parallel results with and without VBG.

Results:
It is found that the suppression of RDF-induced timing variations can be achieved by appropriately
adopting back-gate voltage (VBG) through measurements and detailed Monte Carlo simulations.
Consequently, the timing parameters and their variations are reduced and, moreover they are
also insensitive to channel doping with back-gate bias.

Conclusion:
Circuit designers can appropriately use back-gate bias to minimize timing variations
and improve the performance of CMOS integrated circuits.
EEG Correlates of Cognitive Functions and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Review of Oscillatory Activity and Neural Synchrony Abnormalities
Authors: Amidfar Meysam , Kim Yong-Ku 
Published: December 2020

Background:
A large body of evidence suggested that disruption of neural rhythms and
synchronization of brain oscillations are correlated with a variety of cognitive and perceptual processes.
Cognitive deficits are common features of psychiatric disorders that complicate treatment of
the motivational, affective and emotional symptoms.

Objective:
Electrophysiological correlates of cognitive functions will contribute to understanding of
neural circuits controlling cognition, the causes of their perturbation in psychiatric disorders and
developing novel targets for the treatment of cognitive impairments.

Methods:
This review includes a description of brain oscillations in Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar
disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depression, obsessive compulsive disorders,
anxiety disorders, schizophrenia and autism.

Results:
The review clearly shows that the reviewed neuropsychiatric diseases are associated with
fundamental changes in both spectral power and coherence of EEG oscillations.

Conclusion:
In this article, we examined the nature of brain oscillations, the association of brain
rhythms with cognitive functions and the relationship between EEG oscillations and neuropsychiatric
diseases. Accordingly, EEG oscillations can most likely be used as biomarkers in psychiatric
disorders.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Sustainable Resources and their Use as Antibacterial Agents: A Review
Authors: Jyoti Kumari , Pattnaik Punyasloka , Singh Tej 
Published: December 2020

Background::
Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has attracted extensive vitality in numerous research areas such as drug delivery, biomedicine, catalysis etc. where continuous efforts are being made by scientists and engineers to investigate new dimensions for both technological and industrial advancements. Amongst numerous metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is a novel metal species with low toxicity, higher stability and significant chemical, physical and biological properties.

Methods::
In this, various methods for the fabrication of AgNPs are summarized. Importantly, we
concentrated on the role of reducing agents of different plant parts, various working conditions,
such as AgNO3 concentration, ratio of AgNO3/extract, incubation time, centrifugal conditions, size
and shapes.

Results::
This study suggested that eco-friendly and non toxic biomolecules present in the extracts (e.g. leaf, stem and root) of plants are used as reducing and capping agents for silver nanoparticles fabrication. This method of fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plants extracts is comparatively cost-effective and simple. A silver salt is simply reduced by biomolecules present in the extracts of these plants. In this review, we have emphasized the synthesis and antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles using various plant extracts.

Conclusion::
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts have advantage over the other physical methods, as it is safe, eco-friendly and simple to use. Plants have huge potential for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles of wide potential of applications with desired shape and size.
The Genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and Related Coronaviruses: Are Accessory Proteins Key for Pathogenesis?
Authors: Samanta Saikat , Saha Rudra Prasad 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
In January 2020, scientists deciphered the first genome of SARS-CoV-2 that
has created a ravage in the world by infecting over 30 million people worldwide with above 0.95
million deaths as of mid-September 2020. With no potent therapeutics against COVID-19, researchers
around the world are relentlessly working for the development of a vaccine that can ease the
pain the world is suffering today, both in terms of economic and psychological instability. Understanding
the genome of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to decipher the keys that would help scientists to
develop drugs or vaccines to prevent the disease.

Methods:
Coronaviruses are not unknown to the human as other than SARS-CoV-2, at least six additional
coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and
HCoV-HKU1) are known that causes mild to severe diseases in human. We have compared the sequences
of these seven coronaviruses to identify the key regions which are responsible for pathogenesis.

Results:
The genomes of the seven coronaviruses that are known to infect humans differ significantly,
especially in the regions of accessory genes.

Conclusion:
The analysis of these virus genomes is the key to find out targets for the development
of a potent drug or vaccine against COVID-19.
Potential Benefits of Multimedia-Based Home Catheter Management Education in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Systematic Review
Authors: Malale Kija , Fu Jili , Nelson William , Gemuhay Helena Marco , Gan Xiuni , Mei Zhechuan 
Published: December 2020

Background
In recent years, there have been many suggestions to use multimedia as a strategy to fully meet the educational needs of patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. However, the potential benefits remain unreliable in the literature.

Objective
In this study, we identified the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters and discussed the clinical implications.

Methods
We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Ovid, Medline, BioMed Central-cancer (BMC-cancer), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases without date constraints until November 30, 2019. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Narrative synthesis of the study findings was conducted.

Results
A total of 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 3 case-control studies/quasi-experimental studies. The studies included a total of 355 subjects, including a total of 175 in the multimedia groups and 180 in the control groups. We identified 4 potential benefits to patients: (1) improved knowledge, (2) increased satisfaction, (3) reduced incidence of catheter-related complications, and (4) reduced number of cases of delayed care after complications.

Conclusions
The current systematic review highlights the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education for patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.
Social Media Use and Monitoring for Adolescents With Depression and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study of Parent and Child Perspectives
Authors: Biernesser Candice , Montano Gerald , Miller Elizabeth , Radovic Ana 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAlthough youth report many positive experiences with social media (SM) use in their daily lives, adolescents with depression are more vulnerable to the risks of SM use than adolescents without depression. Parents protect adolescents with depression from the risks of SM use by monitoring their child’s SM activity; however, this comes into conflict with the adolescent’s need for autonomy in their web-based communication. The implications of SM use and monitoring for adolescents with depression and their parents are of particular relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, as rates of SM use have increased in response to physical distancing measures.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore parent and child perspectives regarding the use and function of SM in the daily lives of adolescents with depression and parents’ perceptions of and experience with monitoring their child’s SM use.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with adolescents with depression (n=23) and one parent of each adolescent (n=23) between July 2013 and September 2014. The adolescents were patients seeking treatment for depression in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Data analysis included dyadic analysis of the adolescents’ and parents’ perspectives and qualitative descriptions of individual parent interviews to explore their experiences with SM use and monitoring. The construct of parental knowledge and factors hypothesized to contribute to parental knowledge, including adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental control, were used to guide the codebook and dyadic data analysis.ResultsDyadic analyses showed that parents and their children disagreed on the use and function of SM in the daily lives of adolescents with depression, with adolescents viewing SM as a forum for honest expression of their emotions, whereas parents felt that their children’s posts were inconsequential and interfered with the adolescents’ lives. Furthermore, parents reported using a wide range of strategies to gain knowledge of their child’s SM use to monitor their safety on SM, including direct solicitation and indirect solicitation, such as keeping the child's passwords, asking friends or siblings about their child's SM use, and restricting SM behavior and access to devices.ConclusionsClinicians should support adolescents with depression and their parents in finding common ground for an effective and acceptable monitoring approach. Resources are provided for clinicians navigating conversations about SM use and monitoring with adolescents with depression and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evidence for early sedentism at Körtik Tepe, southeastern Turkey, during the Younger Dryas
Authors: Benz Marion , Rössner Corinna , Deckers Kathleen , Riehl Simone , Alt Kurt W. , Özkaya Vecihi 
Published: December 2020

Location: Körtik Tepe, Province Diyarbakır, Southeastern Turkey, at the confluence of the River Tigris and the Batman Creek. Period: Younger Dryas to Early Holocene (10400-9200 BCE) Focus: Archaeological evidence for permanent occupation of the site; conditions favouring early sedentism at the intersection of two ecological regimes: the riverine environments and the steppe/tree-steppe mountain ranges of the hinterland; ecological and socio-economic impact of sedentism and of climatic changes from the Younger Dryas to the Early Holocene; interpretation of burial customs comparing evidence of daily practices and emerging differentiation in burial rituals. Methods: Archaeobotany, stable isotope analyses, modelling of radiocarbon sequences; holistic approach
Beauty beyond aesthetics: the abstract thought and the universal language of the natural world to the Sumerian/roman farmer’s eyes
Authors: Da Silva Ferreira Nelson Henrique 
Published: December 2020

Signs of meaning - visual marks that identify individual characteristics of an image that can carry a crystalized meaning. For example, in a landscape described as having a lot of fruit trees, we have the sign of quantity and the sign of fertility, materialized by the fruits. A sign is neither positive neither negative. It just marks a specific characteristic that compounds the symbol. For each sign, we identify just one exact semantic value.Symbol - A symbol corresponds to a compounding of signs. Those signs can be selected in order to construct a complex symbol or a traditional symbol.Traditional symbol - When the compounding of crystalized signs of meaning expresses all the semantic extension of the symbolic image. It represents abstractly an original image that served as basis to the symbolic construction, which is present in the collective mind. The symbolic image is of spontaneous interpretation and is dependent of an empirical knowledge on natural world.Complex symbol or literary symbol - when there is a selective compounding of crystalized signs, in order to construct a symbol, which meaning is dependent of the context. Gravitating signs on beauty abstract concept:Lexicon:uru (na-ur11-ru) – to sowše - barleyab-sin2 (ab-sin2-na) - furrowgu - flaxsar (sar-ra) - garden-bed
The Past in the Present of Syria
Authors: Fatima Kzzo Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

Key Facts:Syria: Under the Ottoman Domination (1516-1918); Arab Government (1918-1920); French Mandate (1920-1946).Hussein-McMahon Correspondence in 1915 and 1916 to recognize the independent of Arabs in Asian part by Great Britain in aim that Hussein, Sharif Mecca declares revolt against Ottomans.Sykes-Picot Agreement in 1916 to divide the Middle East between France and Britain.The Syrian National Day is “Evacuation Day”, the evacuation of the last French soldier in 17 April 1946.Mohammad Kurd Ali, the first director of the Arab Academy in 1919.The National Museum of Damascus founded in 1919 by the Arab Academy.The National Museum of Aleppo founded in 1926.