bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional evaluation of different varieties of sorghum and the effects on nursery pig growth performance
Authors: Thomas Lori L , Espinosa Charmaine D , Goodband Robert D , Stein Hans H , Tokach Mike D , Dritz Steve S , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFive experiments were conducted to determine the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in three sorghum varieties compared with corn and to determine the effects of sorghum varieties on nursery pig growth. In exp. 1, 48 barrows (initially 18.6 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial evaluating two levels of microbial phytase (0 or 500 units/kg) and four grain sources (corn, high-lysine, red, or white sorghum). Added phytase improved (P &lt; 0.05) STTD of P in all ingredients, but was not different among the grains. In exp. 2, the DE and ME in the three sorghum varieties were not different from corn. In exp. 3, 10 growing barrows (initially 25.9 kg) with a T-cannula in the terminal ileum were used. Standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, Thr, and Val were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in corn than in the sorghum-based diets with no differences among the sorghum varieties. In exp. 4, 160 pigs (initially 6.3 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments with five pigs per pen and eight replicate pens per treatment in a 20-d experiment. Dietary treatments included corn or the three sorghum varieties, where the varieties of sorghum replaced corn on an SID Lys basis. No differences among treatments were observed in any growth performance parameters. In exp. 5, treatments consisted of a corn-based diet, a diet based on conventional sorghum (a mixture of red and white sorghum), and four diets with high-lysine sorghum containing increasing amounts of feed-grade AA, replacing soybean meal. Overall, pigs fed the high-lysine sorghum diet with the greatest amount of added feed-grade AA had the poorest gain:feed ratio (G:F; P &lt; 0.05) compared with pigs fed all the other experimental diets. Within those fed the high-lysine sorghum and feed-grade AA, average daily gain, final body weight (linear, P &lt; 0.10), and G:F (linear, P &lt; 0.01) decreased as feed-grade AA increased. In summary, no differences in STTD of P or in DE and ME were observed among the grain sources. The SID AA values for the three sorghum varieties were not different; however, they were all lower than for corn. These results indicate that these varieties of sorghum can successfully replace corn in nursery pig diets if diets are formulated to account for differences in AA digestibility.
The Predictive Capacity of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) Score in Burn Patients
Authors: Choi Katherine J , Pham Christopher H , Collier Zachary J , Mert Melissa , Ota Ryan K , Li Ruibei , Yenikomshian Haig A , Singh Mandeep , Gillenwater T Justin , Kuza Catherine M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Advances in burn care continues to improve survival rates and patient outcomes. There are several burn prognostic tools used to predict mortality and outcomes; however, none include patient comorbidities. We used the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score as a surrogate measure for comorbidities, and evaluated its role in predicting mortality and outcomes in adult burn patients undergoing surgery. A retrospective analysis was performed on data collected from a single burn center in the United States, which was comprised of 183 patients. We evaluated the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score as an independent predictor of mortality and outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, mechanical ventilator (MV) days, and complications. We compared the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score to other prognostic models which included the revised Baux score, Belgian Outcome in Burn Injury, and the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index. Our results demonstrated that the revised Baux and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status scores could be used to determine the mortality risk in adult burn patients. The revised Baux was the best predictor of mortality, ICU LOS, and MV days, while the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index was the best predictor of total LOS.
Does failure to meet threshold scores for mHHS and iHOT-12 correlate to secondary operations following hip arthroscopy?
Authors: Rosinsky Philip J , Chen Jeffery W , Yelton Mitchell J , Lall Ajay C , Maldonado David R , Meghpara Mitchell B , Shapira Jacob , Domb Benjamin G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine (i) if failing to achieve a patient-reported outcome (PRO) threshold at 1 year was associated with secondary operations at minimum 2-year follow-up and (ii)what outcome measure and threshold has the highest association with future surgeries. Inclusion criteria for this study were cases of primary hip arthroscopy between July 2014 and April 2017. Included patients had recorded pre-operative and 1-year post-operative modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and 12-item international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) scores. Patients were classified based on their ability to achieve minimal clinical important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) for each PRO and the status of secondary operations at minimum 2-year follow-up. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio for these thresholds were calculated. Of 425 eligible cases, 369 (86.8%) had minimum 2-year follow-up. Of the included patients, 28 underwent secondary operations (7.59%), with 14 undergoing secondary arthroscopies (3.79%) and 14 converting to total hip arthroplasty (3.79%). For mHHS, 267 (72.4%), 173 (46.9%) and 277 (75.1%) hips met MCID, SCB and PASS, respectively. For iHOT-12, 234 (63.4%), 218 (59.1%) and 280 (75.9%) hips met the respective thresholds. The highest specificity, sensitivity and accuracy were identified as for iHOT-12 MCID (0.79), iHOT-12 PASS (0.79) and iHOT-12 MCID (0.77), respectively. Patients not attaining MCID and PASS for mHHS and iHOT-12 at 1-year post-operatively are at increased risk of secondary operation. The most accurate threshold associated with secondary operation (0.77) is not achieving iHOT-12 MCID. Level of evidence: retrospective case series: level IV.
Psychosocial Burden of Childhood Sickle Cell Disease on Caregivers in Kenya
Authors: Kuerten Bethany G , Brotkin Samuel , Bonner Melanie J , Ayuku David O , Njuguna Festus , Taylor Steve M , Puffer Eve S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To characterize the types and magnitude of psychosocial burden present in caregivers who have a child with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Kenya and to identify predictors of caregiver psychosocial burden, including disease severity and financial hardship.

Methods
Primary caregivers (N = 103) of children aged 1–10 years diagnosed with SCD completed surveys assessing multiple domains of caregiver quality of life (QOL), adjustment to child illness, mental health, and financial hardship. Descriptive statistics characterize psychosocial burden, and linear models assess associations.

Results
On indicators of QOL, caregivers report multiple difficulties across most domains, including daily activities and physical, social, cognitive, and emotional well-being. Daily activities emerged as most burdensome. On indicators of parental adjustment to chronic illness, guilt and worry emerged as the greatest concern, followed by long-term uncertainty and unresolved sorrow and anger; relative to these, they reported higher levels of emotional resources. Financial hardship was high, as caregivers reported moderate to major financial losses due to the time spent caring for their child. General linear model analyses revealed that level of financial hardship was a significant predictor of all negative psychosocial outcomes.

Conclusions
Results document that Kenyan caregivers of children with SCD experience difficulties across multiple domains of functioning and that financial difficulties are likely associated with psychosocial burden. Results can guide intervention development for caregivers of children with SCD in low-resource, global contexts.
A Systematic Review of Medication Adherence Interventions in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Shih Sharon , Cohen Lindsey L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveAdherence to medication regimens is of critical importance in sickle cell disease (SCD). Most notably, data indicate that hydroxyurea, penicillin, and iron chelators increase life expectancy and decrease comorbid medical problems (e.g., strokes). However, average pediatric SCD adherence rates are only 55–74%. Studies have introduced interventions for pediatric SCD adherence, but no review has synthesized these data.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of interventions for enhancing medication adherence in pediatric SCD. There were 9 studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Pediatric Self-Management Model provided a framework for organizing the modifiable factors targeted by existing interventions.ResultsThe 9 studies had high risk of bias levels and most targeted hydroxyurea. All studies used multiple measures of adherence, the interventions were multicomponent, and most included behavioral or technological interventions. There was variability in terms of whether the intervention targeted the individual, family, community, or healthcare system.ConclusionsConsistent with the broader adherence literature, targeting knowledge alone was insufficient in increasing adherence. Findings suggest that reminders and targeting self-efficacy were key to success. In addition, addressing multiple domains in an intervention yielded larger effects on adherence. Although these results are promising, this review highlights several limitations of the extant literature, including a paucity of intervention studies and several methodological weaknesses, such as small sample sizes, few randomized controlled trials, and variable measures of adherence. Recommendations for advancing scientific understanding of adherence promoting interventions in pediatric SCD are provided.
Torture, Psychological Inflexibility, and Mental Health Outcomes among Resettled Refugees in the United States
Authors: Gray Brandon L. , Dewey Lauren M. , Fondacaro Karen M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Refugees endure incredible adversity, including torture. Although many refugees report traumatic stress reactions, they also demonstrate considerable resilience. Among refugees, torture survivors have demonstrated greater symptom severity as well as greater resilience than those who have not reported torture. The contrast of these results suggests potential mediators. Psychological inflexibility is one process predictive of posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, this process has rarely been studied among refugees or survivors of torture. Thus, we examined psychological inflexibility as a mediator between torture and traumatic stress symptoms among resettled refugees (n = 71; 55% female; mean age = 41.48; 63% reported torture). Psychological inflexibility fully mediated the relationship between torture status and traumatic stress symptoms in two simple mediation models. Results demonstrate the impact of psychological inflexibility on refugee mental health and have implications for clinical care.
Antigen-based diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in travellers: a prospective study
Authors: Casacuberta-Partal Miriam , Janse Jacqueline J , van Schuijlenburg Roos , de Vries Jutte J C , Erkens Marianne A A , Suijk Kitty , van Aalst Mariëlle , Maas Jaap J , Grobusch Martin P , van Genderen Perry J J , de Dood Claudia , Corstjens Paul L A M , van Dam Govert J , van Lieshout Lisette , Roestenberg Meta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Travellers infected with Schistosoma spp. might be pauci- or even asymptomatic on first presentation. Therefore, schistosomiasis may remain undiagnosed in this population. Active infection, as evidenced by the presence of the tissue-dwelling worm, can be demonstrated via the detection of adult worm-derived circulating anodic antigen (CAA) utilising a robust well-described lateral flow-(LF) based test applying background-free up-converting reporter particles (UCP). In this prospective study, we assessed the diagnostic value of serum and urine UCP-LF CAA test in comparison with two Schistosoma-specific serological assays detecting antibodies against adult worm antigen-immuno fluorescence assay (AWA-IFA) and against soluble egg antigen–enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SEA-ELISA) antigens in travellers.

Methods
Samples were collected from 106 Dutch travellers who reported freshwater contact in sub-Saharan Africa and who were recruited up to 2 years after return. Subjects were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire on travel history, water contact, signs and symptoms compatible with schistosomiasis.

Results
Two travellers were positive by serum CAA and an additional one by urine CAA. A total of 22/106 (21%) samples were antibody positive by AWA-IFA and 9/106 (9%) by SEA-ELISA. At follow-up 6 weeks and 6 months after praziquantel treatment, all seropositives remained antibody positive whereas CAA was cleared. Seropositivity could not be predicted by the type of fresh water-related activity, country visited or symptoms reported.

Conclusion
The low number of UCP-LF CAA positives suggests that in travellers, active infections often do not establish or have very low worm burden. Based on our high seroconversion rates, we conclude that the AWA-IFA assay is the most sensitive test to detect schistosome exposure. Given the lack of predictive symptoms or risk factors, we recommend schistosomiasis screening at least by serology in all travellers with reported freshwater contact in high-endemic areas.
Fast ejecta resulted from jet–wind interaction in the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae
Authors: Akashi Muhammad , Kashi Amit 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The accretion model for the 19th century Great Eruption (GE) of η Carinae suggests that mass outflowing from the primary was accreted on to the secondary, and the gravitational energy of that mass accounts for the increase in luminosity and most of the kinetic energy of the ejecta. It further argues that the accretion was accompanied by the ejection of two jets that shaped the bipolar Homunculus nebula. Observations of echos from the GE found emission lines with broad wings suggesting some of the mass in equatorial directions reached more than $10\, 000 \, \rm {km\, s^{-1}}$. We run hydrodynamic simulations following periastron passage during the GE, launching jets from the secondary as it accreted gas erupted from the primary. We then follow the interaction of the polar jets with the surrounding primary wind, as they accelerate part of the flow to velocities ${\gt}10\, 000 \, \rm {km\, s^{-1}}$ and deflect it towards lower latitudes. We find that the amount of mass that reached these high velocities during the GE is $M_h \approx 0.02 \, \rm {M_{\odot }}$. This value reaches maximum and then decreases with time. Our simulations agree with previous results of the accretion model from which we estimate Mh taking into account the energy budget of the GE. The accretion model can explain the observations of high velocity gas in light echos with the known two stars, and a triple star system is not required.
ProteinsPlus: interactive analysis of protein–ligand binding interfaces
Authors: Schöning-Stierand Katrin , Diedrich Konrad , Fährrolfes Rainer , Flachsenberg Florian , Meyder Agnes , Nittinger Eva , Steinegger Ruben , Rarey Matthias 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Due to the increasing amount of publicly available protein structures searching, enriching and investigating these data still poses a challenging task. The ProteinsPlus web service (https://proteins.plus) offers a broad range of tools addressing these challenges. The web interface to the tool collection focusing on protein–ligand interactions has been geared towards easy and intuitive access to a large variety of functionality for life scientists. Since our last publication, the ProteinsPlus web service has been extended by additional services as well as it has undergone substantial infrastructural improvements. A keyword search functionality was added on the start page of ProteinsPlus enabling users to work on structures without knowing their PDB code. The tool collection has been augmented by three tools: StructureProfiler validates ligands and active sites using selection criteria of well-established protein–ligand benchmark data sets, WarPP places water molecules in the ligand binding sites of a protein, and METALizer calculates, predicts and scores coordination geometries of metal ions based on surrounding complex atoms. Additionally, all tools provided by ProteinsPlus are available through a REST service enabling the automated integration in structure processing and modeling pipelines.
The internal region of CtIP negatively regulates DNA end resection
Authors: Howard Sean Michael , Ceppi Ilaria , Anand Roopesh , Geiger Roger , Cejka Petr 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks are repaired by end-joining or homologous recombination. A key-committing step of recombination is DNA end resection. In resection, phosphorylated CtIP first promotes the endonuclease of MRE11–RAD50–NBS1 (MRN). Subsequently, CtIP also stimulates the WRN/BLM–DNA2 pathway, coordinating thus both short and long-range resection. The structure of CtIP differs from its orthologues in yeast, as it contains a large internal unstructured region. Here, we conducted a domain analysis of CtIP to define the function of the internal region in DNA end resection. We found that residues 350–600 were entirely dispensable for resection in vitro. A mutant lacking these residues was unexpectedly more efficient than full-length CtIP in DNA end resection and homologous recombination in vivo, and consequently conferred resistance to lesions induced by the topoisomerase poison camptothecin, which require high MRN–CtIP-dependent resection activity for repair. This suggested that the internal CtIP region, further mapped to residues 550–600, may mediate a negative regulatory function to prevent over resection in vivo. The CtIP internal deletion mutant exhibited sensitivity to other DNA-damaging drugs, showing that upregulated resection may be instead toxic under different conditions. These experiments together identify a region within the central CtIP domain that negatively regulates DNA end resection.
Transposon-mediated telomere destabilization: a driver of genome evolution in the blast fungus
Authors: Rahnama Mostafa , Novikova Olga , Starnes John H , Zhang Shouan , Chen Li , Farman Mark L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes devastating diseases of crops, including rice and wheat, and in various grasses. Strains from ryegrasses have highly unstable chromosome ends that undergo frequent rearrangements, and this has been associated with the presence of retrotransposons (Magnaporthe oryzae Telomeric Retrotransposons—MoTeRs) inserted in the telomeres. The objective of the present study was to determine the mechanisms by which MoTeRs promote telomere instability. Targeted cloning, mapping, and sequencing of parental and novel telomeric restriction fragments (TRFs), along with MinION sequencing of genomic DNA allowed us to document the precise molecular alterations underlying 109 newly-formed TRFs. These included truncations of subterminal rDNA sequences; acquisition of MoTeR insertions by ‘plain’ telomeres; insertion of the MAGGY retrotransposons into MoTeR arrays; MoTeR-independent expansion and contraction of subtelomeric tandem repeats; and a variety of rearrangements initiated through breaks in interstitial telomere tracts that are generated during MoTeR integration. Overall, we estimate that alterations occurred in approximately sixty percent of chromosomes (one in three telomeres) analyzed. Most importantly, we describe an entirely new mechanism by which transposons can promote genomic alterations at exceptionally high frequencies, and in a manner that can promote genome evolution while minimizing collateral damage to overall chromosome architecture and function.
Antibody-mediated rejection with and without donor-specific anti-human leucocyte antigen antibodies: performance of the peripheral blood 8-gene expression assay
Authors: Van Loon Elisabet , Lerut Evelyne , de Loor Henriette , Kuypers Dirk , Emonds Marie-Paule , Anglicheau Dany , Gwinner Wilfried , Essig Marie , Marquet Pierre , Naesens Maarten 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Recently a peripheral blood 8-gene expression assay was developed for non-invasive detection of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) after kidney transplantation. Its value has not yet been evaluated in detail in clinical scenarios with different baseline disease probability [human leucocyte antigen donor-specific antibodies (HLA-DSA)-positive versus HLA-DSA-negative cases at the time of stable graft function versus graft dysfunction].

Methods
Here we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the 8-gene expression assay for histology of ABMR (ABMRh) with or without HLA-DSA in a cross-sectional cohort study of 387 blood samples with a concomitant graft biopsy.

Results
In patients with HLA-DSA (n = 64), the 8-gene expression assay discriminated DSA-positive ABMRh (DSAposABMRh) cases (n = 16) with good diagnostic performance {area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 83.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 70.8–95.3]}. Also, in HLA-DSA-negative samples (n = 323), a clinically relevant diagnostic performance for DSAnegABMRh cases was found (n = 30) with an AUROC of 75.8% (95% CI 67.4–84.4). The 8-gene assay did not discriminate DSAposABMRh cases from DSAnegABMRh cases. There was a net benefit for clinical decision-making when adding the 8-gene expression assay to a clinical model consisting of estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, HLA-DSA and age.

Conclusion
The 8-gene expression assay shows great potential for implementation in the clinical follow-up of high-risk HLA-DSA-positive patients and clinical relevance in HLA-DSA-negative cases.
Physical training in the fire station and firefighters’ cardiovascular health
Authors: Gendron P , Lajoie C , Laurencelle L , Lemoyne J , Trudeau F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Few fire departments in Québec have a diversified health promotion programme. Yet, many allow firefighters to physically train during working hours.

Aims
To compare the weekly physical activity (PA) level and cardiovascular health indicators of firefighters who physically train on duty to those who do not.

Methods
Participants underwent a cardiovascular health assessment and completed an online questionnaire.

Results
One hundred and five full-time male firefighters participated in the study. Two groups were formed: firefighters who physically train while on duty (E, n = 64) and firefighters who do not (NoE, n = 41). Following statistical adjustments, off-duty weekly PA was not different between the two groups (E: 239 ± 224 versus NoE: 269 ± 249 min, P = 0.496); however, total weekly PA was higher (P = 0.035) in E (381 ± 288 min) than in NoE (274 ± 200 min). A difference was also observed in obesity prevalence measured with waist circumference (E: 9% versus NoE: 27%, P = 0.026) and in physical inactivity prevalence (E: 0% versus NoE: 27%, P &lt; 0.001). After statistical adjustments, E firefighters have a significantly lower waist-to-height ratio than NoE firefighters (E: 0.51 ± 0.05 versus NoE: 0.54 ± 0.05, P = 0.017).

Conclusions
Results show that firefighters who physically train while on duty have a higher total PA level on a weekly basis and have better cardiovascular health indicators. Our findings suggest that fire services should promote physical training while on duty to improve firefighters’ cardiovascular health.