bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on femoral reconstruction with an intercalary allograft in a dog model
Authors: Pluhar G. Elizabeth , Manley Paul A. , Heiner John P. , Vanderby Ray , Seeherman Howard J. , Markel Mark D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study compared the effect of augmentation of allograft–host bone junctions with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS), autogenous cancellous bone graft (CBG), and a collagen sponge alone in a canine intercalary femoral defect model repaired with a frozen allograft. Outcome assessment included serial radiographs, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry scans, and gait analyses, and mechanical testing and histology of post‐mortem specimens. The distal junction healed more quickly and completely with rhBMP‐2 than ACS alone based on qualitative radiography and histologic evaluations. The primary tissue in the unhealed gaps in the ACS group was fibrous connective tissue. The proximal allograft–host bone junction had complete bone union in the three treatment groups. There was significantly greater new bone callus formation at both junctions with rhBMP‐2 than with CBG or ACS alone that resulted in increased bone density around the allograft–host bone junctions. All dogs shifted their weight from the treated leg to the contralateral pelvic limb immediately after surgery. Weight bearing forces were redistributed equally between the pelvic limbs at 12 weeks after surgery with rhBMP‐2, at 16 weeks after surgery with CBG, and at 24 weeks after surgery with ACS alone. Bending and compressive stiffnesses of the whole treated femora were equal to the contralateral control femora in all treatment groups, whereas torsional rigidities of the whole treated femora for the CBG and ACS groups were significantly less than the control. Both the proximal and distal junctions the treated with rhBMP‐2 had torsional stiffnesses and strengths equal to intact control bones. Ultimate failure torques of the proximal junctions of the CBG group and of both junctions of the ACS group were significantly less than the BMP‐treated bones. Augmentation of the allograft–host bone junctions with rhBMP‐2 on an ACS gave results for all parameters measured that equaled or exceeded autogenous graft in this canine intercalary femoral defect model. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Use of synovial fluid markers of cartilage synthesis and turnover to study effects of repeated intra‐articular administration of methylprednisolone acetate on articular cartilage in vivo
Authors: Robion F. C. , Doizé B. , Bouré L. , Marcoux M. , Ionescu M. , Reiner A. , Poole A. R. , Laverty Sheila 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn vivo the effects of intra‐articular (IA) corticosteroids on articular cartilage remain controversial. This study was designed to examine this issue using synovial fluid (SF) markers of cartilage metabolism. Paired radiocarpal joints, without clinical or radiographic signs of joint disease, were studied in 10 adult horses. Aseptic arthrocentesis was performed weekly for 13 weeks. IA injections of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) into the treatment joint and the vehicle into the control joint were performed at weeks 3, 5 and 7. We used radioimmunoassays on SF samples which measure a keratan sulfate epitope (KS) and the 846 epitope on cartilage aggrecan (PG) and the C‐propeptide (CPII) of cartilage type II procollagen which is released following synthesis of this molecule. Gel chromatography was performed on selected SF samples to evaluate the sizes of SF PG molecules. The total joint KS and the 846 epitopes were both present on a heterogeneous population of mainly molecules which, from chromotographic analysis, appeared to be mainly fragments of the articular cartilage aggrecan. They were significantly elevated in MPA joints whereas CPII was significantly reduced compared to the control during the treatment period. These results indicate that the repeated use of IA MPA leads to a potentially harmful inhibition of procollagen II synthesis and an increased release of degradation products of the PG aggrecan from articular cartilage. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Methylazoxymethanol‐induced micrencephaly in the Brown Norway strain: behavior and brain weight
Authors: Ferguson Herry A. , Holson R.Robert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA single injection of 20 mg/kg methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) on gestational day 14 in Brown Norway rats produced micrencephalic offspring (whole brain ≈65% of control). Despite the micrencephaly, MAM‐induced alterations in behavior assessed here were relatively mild. The MAM‐treated rats exhibited increased activity under darkened conditions in a complex maze and marginally increased activity after a challenge of methamphetamine. Open field activity, running wheel activity, and emergence behavior using a light/dark apparatus were not significantly affected. Compared with a similar study of Sprague–Dawley micrencephalics [Ferguson S. A., Racey F. D., Paule M. G. and Holson R. R. (1993) Behavioral effects of methyloxymethanol‐induced microencephaly. Behav. Neurosci.107, 1–10], frontal cortex and striatum weights were more reduced in Brown Norway micrencephalics. The MAM‐induced behavioral alterations in the Brown Norway strain may have appeared attenuated compared to alterations shown by MAM‐treated Sprague–Dawley rats due to differences in baseline behavior between these two strains. Compared to control Sprague–Dawley rats in the previous study, control Brown Norway rats were more active in the open field and running wheels, but less active in the complex maze, exhibiting little to no learning. Emergence tests indicated increased dark preference in Brown Norway rats. Baseline behavior (increased activity and light shyness) of control Brown Norway rats was similar to that of MAM‐treated Sprague–Dawley rats; a potential confound in the detection of behavioral effects of a compound. These findings emphasize the effects that strain selection may have on the outcome and interpretation of toxicological/teratological studies.
SERVING WOMEN IN NEED: NURSE‐MIDWIFERY PRACTICE IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Declercq Eugene R. , Williams Deanne R. , Koontz Ann M. , Paine Lisa L. , Streit Erica L. , McCloskey Lois 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTObjective: Nurse‐midwifery practices in the United States were examined to study the relationship between certified nurse‐midwives' (CNMs) demographic, work setting, and practice characteristics in terms of clientele, practice size, and practice type. Factors that might influence the ability of CNMs to serve populations at risk for poor outcomes were given particular attention.Methodology: A total of 2,405 responses to a 1998 mailed survey of 6,365 nurse‐midwives ever‐certified by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives were analyzed.Results: Study results indicated that CNMs continue to serve a population who are, based on a social risk profile, disproportionately at risk for poor pregnancy outcomes, including women who are uninsured (16%), immigrant (27%), adolescent (29%), and women of color (50%). It was also found that clientele varied according to practice settings: CNMs working in non‐hospital, nonprofit settings served a clientele that was 65% nonwhite, 44% immigrant, 40% adolescent, and 29% uninsured; these CNMs received 61% of their client payments from Medicaid. CNMs working in private offices or for managed care organizations were less likely to serve women with these characteristics.Conclusion: Study results, taken in conjunction with research that documents the safety of nurse‐midwifery practice, reinforce policy recommendations that support expanded access to nurse‐midwifery services. Findings also indicate a need for further research in the areas of CNM workload and productivity in managed care settings and the association between CNM race and ethnicity and the race and ethnicity of their clients.
Contributions of Yap and Taz dysfunction to breast cancer initiation, progression, and aging‐related susceptibility
Authors: Fresques Tara , LaBarge Mark A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractYap and Taz are co‐transcription factors that have been implicated in the development of many cancers. Here, we review the literature that analyzes the function of Yap/Taz in normal breast and breast cancer contexts. Our review of the literature suggests that Yap and Taz are involved in breast cancer and Taz, in particular, is involved in the triple‐negative subtype. Nevertheless, the precise contexts in which Yap/Taz contribute to specific breast cancer phenotypes remains unclear. Indeed, Yap/Taz dysregulation acts differentially and in multiple epithelial cell types during early breast cancer progression. We propose Yap/Taz activation promotes breast cancer phenotypes in breast cancer precursor cells. Further, Yap dysregulation as a result of aging in breast tissue may result in microenvironments that increase the fitness of breast cancer precursor cells relative to the normal epithelia.
Biallelic mutations in ABCB1 display recurrent reversible encephalopathy
Authors: Seo Jieun , Lee Cho‐Rong , Paeng Jin Chul , Kwon Hyun W. , Lee Duckgue , Kim Soon‐Chan , Han Jaeseok , Ku Ja‐Lok , Chae Jong Hee , Lim Byung Chan , Choi Murim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe clinical phenotype linked with mutations in ABCB1, encoding P‐glycoprotein, has never been reported. Here, we describe twin sisters with biallelic mutations in ABCB1 who showed recurrent reversible encephalopathy accompanied by acute febrile or afebrile illness. Whole‐exome sequencing was performed on one of the twin and her healthy parents, and revealed compound heterozygous loss‐of‐function variants in ABCB1. The patient brains displayed substantial loss of xenobiotic clearance ability, as demonstrated by [11C]verapamil positron emission tomography (PET) study, linking this phenotype with ABCB1 function. The endogenous cytokine clearance from the brain was also decreased in LPS‐treated ABCB1 knockout mice compared to controls. The results provide insights into the physiological requirement of ABCB1 in maintaining homeostasis of various compounds for normal brain function.
Refining the blank line‐up procedure: How should we instruct eyewitnesses?
Authors: Kucina Talira , Sauer James D. , Holt Glenys A. , Brewer Neil , Palmer Matthew A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPresenting a blank line‐up—containing only fillers—to witnesses prior to showing a real line‐up might be useful for screening out those who pick from the blank line‐up as unreliable witnesses. We show that the effectiveness of this procedure varies depending on instructions given to witnesses. Participants (N = 462) viewed a simulated crime and attempted to identify the perpetrator from a line‐up approximately 1 week later. Rejecting a blank line‐up was associated with greater identification accuracy and greater diagnosticity of suspect identifications, but only when witnesses were instructed prior to the blank line‐up that they would view a series of line‐ups; the procedure was ineffective for screening when witnesses were advised they would view two line‐ups or received no instruction. These results highlight the importance of instructions used in the blank line‐up procedure, and the need for better understanding of how to interpret choosing patterns in this paradigm.
Vanadium Core–Shell Nanorods Inspect Metabolic Changes of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Vedarethinam Vadanasundari , Huang Lin , Zhang Minchun , Su Haiyang , Hu Huiqian , Xia Hanping , Liu Yu , Wu Beirui , Wan Xu , Shen Jie , Xu Lin , Liu Wei , Ma Jing , Qian Kun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and ranks as the fifth leading cause of visual impairment, but an understanding of DR development has been hampered by the lack of an efficient metabolomic tool. Herein, vanadium core–shell nanorods are developed for metabolic fingerprinting to probe molecular variation in DR. First, a series of vanadium core–shells are constructed with different elemental composition and structural parameters, using silica nanorods to support vanadium oxide. The plasma metabolic fingerprints (MFs) are extracted by the optimized vanadium core–shell nanorod‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, by analyzing 500 nL of native plasma in seconds. As a result, DR patients are differentiated from non DR controls with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 90% using a classification model built on the plasma MFs. Furthermore, DR progression is monitored by a panel of plasma metabolic signatures with gradual changes. This work provides an advanced molecular tool for the metabolomic characterization of DR and may guide the clinical decision making in DR for personalized medicine in the future.
Anisotropic Phonon Response of Few‐Layer PdSe2 under Uniaxial Strain
Authors: Luo Weijun , Oyedele Akinola D. , Gu Yiyi , Li Tianshu , Wang Xingzhi , Haglund Amanda V. , Mandrus David , Puretzky Alexander A. , Xiao Kai , Liang Liangbo , Ling Xi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPdSe2, an emerging 2D material with a novel anisotropic puckered pentagonal structure, has attracted growing interest due to its layer‐dependent electronic bandgap, high carrier mobility, and good air stability. Herein, a detailed Raman spectroscopic study of few‐layer PdSe2 (two to five layers) under the in‐plane uniaxial tensile strain up to 3.33% is performed. Two of the prominent PdSe2 Raman peaks are influenced differently depending on the direction of strain application. The mode redshifts more than the mode when the strain is applied along the a‐axis of the crystal, while the mode redshifts more than the mode when the strain is applied along the b‐axis. Such an anisotropic phonon response to strain indicates directionally dependent mechanical and thermal properties of PdSe2 and also allows the identification of the crystal axes. The results are further supported using first‐principles density‐functional theory. Interestingly, the near‐zero Poisson’s ratios for few‐layer PdSe2 are found, suggesting that the uniaxial tensile strain can easily be applied to few‐layer PdSe2 without significantly altering their dimensions at the perpendicular directions, which is a major contributing factor to the observed distinct phonon behavior. The findings pave the way for further development of 2D PdSe2‐based flexible electronics.
Template‐Assisted Electrochemical Deposition for Organic and Hybrid Nanowire Electronics
Authors: Zhu Weigang , Zhang Dezhong , Bai Shuming , Shi Qiang , Hu Wenping , Fu Hongbing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganic optoelectronic nanostructures are essential in future large‐area nanoscale electronic circuits but their morphology, structure, and performance currently remain difficult to control. Here a new, simple, general anode aluminium oxide (AAO)‐template assisted electrochemical deposition method is developed for the preparation of uniform single‐crystalline small molecule nanowires in large quantities. Using rubrene as prototype, selected‐area electron diffraction and X‐ray diffraction results reveal that the obtained individual nanowires are single crystalline, while both of orthorhombic and triclinic rubrene nanowires are present. With red and yellow emissions at maximum wavelengths of 570 and 558 nm, respectively, the orthorhombic and triclinic nanowires show a 10× difference on field‐effect transistor hole mobility, in good agreement with theoretical calculation observations. Unexpectedly, the visible‐light photoresponse of the two kinds of nanowires does not show significant difference, suggesting a better charge separation and carrier photogeneration in triclinic nanowires. Overall, this is the first report on the structure–property correlations between triclinic and orthorhombic rubrene single crystalline nanowires, and the methodology launched here is applicable to different molecular semiconductors and hybrid nanostructures for next‐generation integrated optoelectronics.
Biomedical Applications of Polymeric Microneedles for Transdermal Therapeutic Delivery and Diagnosis: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Liu Tengfei , Luo Gaoxing , Xing Malcolm 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery is a crucial extension of drug administration routes and has been widely acknowledged as an alternative way to traditional oral administration and subcutaneous injections due to the advantages such as increased dosage efficacy, decreased systemic side effect, and improved patient compliance. The past few decades have witnessed biomedical applications of microneedles in various cutting‐edge fields. Microneedles are needles with micron‐scale length which can pierce the epidermis of the skin in a minimally invasive manner for transdermal drug delivery. Compared with inorganic and metal microneedles, polymeric microneedles have attracted more attention because of their superior biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and biodegradability. In this review, the state‐of‐art and future biomedical applications of polymeric microneedles are summarized. First of all, a brief introduction to the polymeric microneedles, including types of polymeric microneedles and methods for the fabrication is included. Then the biomedical applications of polymeric microneedles in transdermal drug delivery and diagnosis are summarized in detail. Finally, discussions on the current limitations and future perspectives of polymeric microneedles are provided.
A bioassay of long‐term stockpiled salvaged soil amended with biochar, peat, and humalite
Authors: Laskosky Jorden D. , Mante Afua A. , Zvomuya Francis , Amarakoon Inoka , Leskiw Leonard 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLong‐term stockpiling of soil salvaged from oil sands operations often leads to the deterioration of soil quality and poor reclamation results for disturbed land. This study assessed the efficacy of organic amendments in improving the quality and productivity of long‐term stockpiled salvaged soil in Canada's Alberta oil sands region (AOSR). Dry soil samples (4.2 kg) from a 24‐yr‐old stockpile were placed into 5‐L pots and amended with biochar, humalite, peat, and 50:50 mixtures of biochar and peat (BCP) and biochar and humalite (BCH) at rates corresponding to 0, 6.55, 13.1, and 26.2 g C kg−1 soil. The pots were seeded with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fertilized, and placed in a growth chamber. Plants were allowed to grow for three crop cycles of 45 to 59 d each and harvested at the end of each cycle. Results showed that biochar and peat increased dry matter yield (DMY) by 38 and 40%, respectively, compared with the unamended soil. Humalite produced the highest N and P concentrations in plant tissue, but this did not translate to an increase in DMY. Biochar and peat offer the greatest promise for improving the productivity of long‐term stockpiled salvaged soil, thereby enhancing the success of reclamation of disturbed sites.
Aptamers with Tunable Affinity Enable Single‐Molecule Tracking and Localization of Membrane Receptors on Living Cancer Cells
Authors: Delcanale Pietro , Porciani David , Pujals Silvia , Jurkevich Alexander , Chetrusca Andrian , Tawiah Kwaku D. , Burke Donald H. , Albertazzi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTumor cell‐surface markers are usually overexpressed or mutated protein receptors for which spatiotemporal regulation differs between and within cancers. Single‐molecule fluorescence imaging can profile individual markers in different cellular contexts with molecular precision. However, standard single‐molecule imaging methods based on overexpressed genetically encoded tags or cumbersome probes can significantly alter the native state of receptors. We introduce a live‐cell points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) method that exploits aptamers as minimally invasive affinity probes. Localization and tracking of individual receptors are based on stochastic and transient binding between aptamers and their targets. We demonstrated single‐molecule imaging of a model tumor marker (EGFR) on a panel of living cancer cells. Affinity to EGFR was finely tuned by rational engineering of aptamer sequences to define receptor motion and/or native receptor density.
Carrier‐Induced Modification of Palladium Nanoparticles on Porous Boron Nitride for Alkyne Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Büchele Simon , Chen Zupeng , Fako Edvin , Krumeich Frank , Hauert Roland , Safonova Olga V. , López Núria , Mitchell Sharon , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChemical modifiers enhance the efficiency of metal catalysts in numerous applications, but their introduction often involves toxic or expensive precursors and complicates the synthesis. Here, we show that a porous boron nitride carrier can directly modify supported palladium nanoparticles, originating unparalleled performance in the continuous semi‐hydrogenation of alkynes. Analysis of the impact of various structural parameters reveals that using a defective high surface area boron nitride and ensuring a palladium particle size of 4–5 nm is critical for maximizing the specific rate. The combined experimental and theoretical analyses point towards boron incorporation from defects in the support to the palladium subsurface, creating the desired isolated ensembles determining the selectivity. This practical approach highlights the unexplored potential of using tailored carriers for catalyst design.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral N‐Arylamines by Combining Biocatalytic Aminations with Buchwald–Hartwig N‐Arylation
Authors: Cosgrove Sebastian C. , Thompson Matthew P. , Ahmed Syed T. , Parmeggiani Fabio , Turner Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe combination of biocatalysis and chemo‐catalysis increasingly offers chemists access to more diverse chemical architectures. Here, we describe the combination of a toolbox of chiral‐amine‐producing biocatalysts with a Buchwald–Hartwig cross‐coupling reaction, affording a variety of α‐chiral aniline derivatives. The use of a surfactant allowed reactions to be performed sequentially in the same flask, preventing the palladium catalyst from being inhibited by the high concentrations of ammonia, salts, or buffers present in the aqueous media in most cases. The methodology was further extended by combining with a dual‐enzyme biocatalytic hydrogen‐borrowing cascade in one pot to allow for the conversion of a racemic alcohol to a chiral aniline.
Intracellular Ruthenium‐Promoted (2+2+2) Cycloadditions
Authors: Miguel‐Ávila Joan , Tomás‐Gamasa María , Mascareñas José L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetal‐mediated intracellular reactions are becoming invaluable tools in chemical and cell biology, and hold promise for strongly impacting the field of biomedicine. Most of the reactions reported so far involve either uncaging or redox processes. Demonstrated here for the first time is the viability of performing multicomponent alkyne cycloaromatizations inside live mammalian cells using ruthenium catalysts. Both fully intramolecular and intermolecular cycloadditions of diynes with alkynes are feasible, the latter providing an intracellular synthesis of appealing anthraquinones. The power of the approach is further demonstrated by generating anthraquinone AIEgens (AIE=aggregation induced emission) that otherwise do not go inside cells, and by modifying the intracellular distribution of the products by simply varying the type of ruthenium complex.