bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference Change Values for Immature Red Blood Cell Parameters in Under-20 Soccer Players
Authors: Nunes Lázaro Alessandro Soares , Molina Letícia , Silva Anderson Roberto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Immature red blood cell parameters compose of the anti-doping programs of several sports, including soccer. The biological variability of reticulocytes is not well defined in young athletes. Our aim was to calculate biological variation and reference change values (RCV) for immature red blood cell parameters in young soccer players.Methods: Samples from 19 male soccer players (mean age, 18 ± 1 years) were collected before the start of training (C0) and after two (C1) and four weeks of training. Blood samples were collected in tubes with K3-EDTA Vaccuete® (Greiner Bio-One). Red blood cell parameters were analyzed on Sysmex XE-5000®. The e-Check Sysmex® 2 levels were used to obtain the coefficient of analytical variation (CVA). Homogeneity of variance was verified using the Cochran test. The within-subject (CVI) and between-subject biological variation (CVG) was calculated according to the mean and standard deviation from the athletes’ results. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare the means at the significance level of p<0.05. RCV95% was calculated using the Fraser’s formula: RCV=21/2 x1.96x(CVA2 + CVI2)1/2. Graph Pad Prism 6.0 and Matlab 7.0 were used to perform statistical analyzes.Results: Mean corpuscular volume, RDW, and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He) had significant increases during the training period. The Ret-He were higher in C1 (32.4±1.1 pg) and C2 (32.3±1.3 pg) compared to C0 (31.9±1.2 pg) (p<0.05). It was not possible to calculate RCV for Ret-He because of heterogeneous variances. The RCV of reticulocytes (29.1%) and IRF (48.8%) were higher than Hgb (5.5%) and Hct (6.7%).Conclusion: Reticulocytes are highly variable in different athletes’ and the RCV obtained from young soccer players would contribute to monitor training adaptation and to diagnose sports anemia. The Ret-He behavior in our study suggests that this parameter can detect an early increase of iron for hemoglobin synthesis in response to training, this makes it an interesting biomarker to assess anemia and suspicion of doping by rhEPO.
Nanoluciferase complementation-based biosensor reveals the importance of N- linked glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike for viral entry
Authors: Azad Taha , Singaravelu Ragunath , Taha Zaid , Boulton Stephen , Crupi Mathieu J.F. , Martin Nikolas T. , Jamieson Taylor , Poutou Joanna , Ghahremani Mina , Pelin Adrian , Nouri Kazem , Arulanandam Rozanne , Brown Emily E.F. , Samson Reuben , Gingras Anne-Claude , Greer Peter A. , Ilkow Carolina S. , Diallo Jean-Simon , Bell John C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the` immediate need for the development of antiviral therapeutics targeting different stages of the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle. We developed a bioluminescence-based biosensor to interrogate the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein and its host entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The biosensor assay is based on a Nanoluciferase complementation reporter, composed of two subunits, Large BiT and Small BiT, fused to the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and ACE2 ectodomain, respectively. Using this biosensor, we uncovered a critical role for glycosylation of asparagine residues within the RBD in mediating successful binding to the cellular ACE2 receptor and subsequent virus infection. Our findings support RBD glycosylation as a therapeutic and vaccine target to blunt SARSCoV- 2 infections.
Relationships Among Circulating TNF-α, Skeletal Muscle and Peripheral CD8+ T Cells During Cachexia in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhao Rui , Wan Qianyi , Xia Lin , Wu Yutao , Wang Yong , Xiao Shuomeng , Li Qiqi , Cui Yaping , Su Xiangnan , Shen Xiaoding , Zhuang Wen , Zhou Yong , Chen Yi , Yang Hanshuo , Wu Xiaoting 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer-associated cachexia is characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle and has a high incidence in gastric cancer. Although studies have focused on the effect of inflammatory cytokines on skeletal muscle loss, it is not clear whether inflammatory cytokines affect other physiological functions, particularly immunity in gastric cancer. Thus, we aim to investigate the relationships between circulating TNF-α, skeletal muscle and peripheral immune status in gastric cancer.Methods: Totally 392 gastric cancer patients in cohort A and 60 gastric cancer patients in cohort B were selected from the prospective cohort study NCT03115931 and ChiCTR1900026578 in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, respectively. Besides, human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs) and peripheral CD8+ T cells completed about 7 to 9 days successive TNF-α intervention with different concentrations. Results: From data in cohort A, multivariate analysis showed that preoperative weight loss ≥5% was associated with circulating TNF-α (P =0.001) and TNM stage (P =0.002). ROC curve indicated that cut-off point of 9.96 pg/ml for circulating TNF-α was an important warning of weight loss ≥5% in patient with gastric cancer. Before surgery, high circulating TNF-α (≥ 9.96 pg/ml) was associated with significantly lower body weight, skeletal muscle mass and handgrip strength but not fat mass. After radical surgery, high circulating TNF-α was also associated with significantly more loss of body weight and skeletal muscle mass instead of fat mass. In cohort B and vitro experiments, immunohistochemistry, western blot and flow cytometry identified that high TNF-α led to myofiber change, decreased expression of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphate-AMPK in skeletal muscle and increased myoblast apoptosis. Flow cytometry found that circulating TNF-α was not correlated with PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3 and TIGIT expressed on peripheral CD8+ T cells, and TNF-α not only promoted the proliferation of CD8+ T cells but also increased their apoptosis ratio at higher concentration.Conclusions: In our study, we found that TNF-α could result in myofiber change, interfered glycometabolism of skeletal muscle, whereas promoted the proliferation of CD8+ T cells in gastric cancer during cachexia, and preoperative circulating TNF-α of more than 9.96 pg/ml could indicate a high risk of weight loss.
The spatial pattern of periphytic algae communities and its corresponding mechanism to environmental variables in the Weihe River Basin, China
Authors: Liu Yixin , Fu Jiaxu , Cheng Dandong , Lin Qidong , Su Ping , Wang Xinxin , Sun Haotian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Periphytic algae is a useful indicator of aquatic ecological conditions. We investigated the periphytic algae on natural substrate and the environmental variables at 44 sites on three river systems in the Weihe River Basin (WRB). A total of 84 species are identified, representing 37 genera. The most common genera were Navicula, Oscillatoria, Nitzschia, Scenedesmus, Cymbell, and Fragilaria. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences among the three river systems in environmental variables (p &lt; 0.05). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses also showed differences in periphytic algae communities in the three river systems (p &lt; 0.05) and identified different dominant species in each river system. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Monte Carlo permutation tests revealed that nutrient concentration, WT, and altitude were the most important variables affecting the structure and distribution of periphytic algae communities. Chemical variables were the most accounted for environmental variables (12.5%), while physical variable and geographical factors (5.8% in total) play a relevant minor role. Our results demonstrate that Navicula pupula, Navicula radiosq, Nitzschia palea, and Nitzschia denticula, exhibiting wide ecological amplitude, are tolerant of high concentrations of nutrient pollution. Variation of periphytic algae communities in WRB is due to the combination of anthropogenic and natural factors including agricultural and domestic wastes water inputting, land use patterns, geology, climatic changes, and river hydrology.
Experimental investigation of titanium dioxide as an adsorbent for removal of Congo red from aqueous solution, equilibrium and kinetics modeling
Authors: Abbas Moussa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The adsorption of Congo red onto titanium dioxide (TiO2) material has been investigated at batch conditions. The effects of contact time (0–60 min), initial pH (3–11), agitation speed (100–500 rpm), temperature (298–343 K), adsorbent dosage (0.5–2 g/L), and Congo red concentration (5–15 mg/L) on the Congo red adsorption by TiO2 have been studied. The kinetic parameters, rate constants, and equilibrium adsorption capacities were calculated and discussed for each kinetic model. The adsorption of Congo red onto TiO2 is well described by the pseudo-second order equation. The adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model, providing a better fit of the equilibrium data. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out to optimize the physical parameters on the Congo red removal efficiency. It has been found that 152 mg/g at 25 °C is removed. The thermodynamic parameters indicate the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process with activation energy (Ea) of −64.193 kJ/mol. The positive value of the entropy (ΔS°) clearly shows that the randomness is decreased at the solid–solution interface during the Congo red adsorption onto TiO2, indicating that some structural exchange may occur among the active sites of the adsorbent and the ions.
Comparisons and improvements of eco-compensation standards for water resource protection in the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project
Authors: Liu Mengkai , Guo Jing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Reasonable eco-compensation standards are conducive to increasing the enthusiasm of residents in the water source area of the water diversion project for ecological environmental protection and maintenance and for improving the water quality security of the water receiving area. In this paper, a comparative analysis of calculation mechanisms, formulas, and results of 7 types of eco-compensation standard methods for the Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China is conducted. The research shows that the calculated results for the 7 types of methods differ greatly and considers that the cost and ecological service value methods are appropriate. Using this as the basic method to consider introducing market value of water resources, internal income of water source area, and government financial support for method improvement, the results show that the improved methods can reduce the gap between the per capita income of the water source area and the reference area, increase the satisfaction of both the water receiving area and the water source area, and provide support for overall socioeconomic development.
Hydrodechlorination of carbon tetrachloride with nanoscale nickeled zero-valent iron @ reduced graphene oxide: kinetics, pathway, and mechanisms
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Zhen , Yang Qi , Wang Yeyao , Liu Zhaoxiang , Yang Zhilin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn recent years, carbon tetrachloride (CT) has been frequently detected in surface water and groundwater around the world; it is necessary to find an effective way to treat wastewater contaminated with it. In this study, Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were immobilized on reduced graphene oxide (NF@rGO), and used to dechlorinate CT in aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the two-dimensional structure of rGO could disperse nanoparticles commendably. The results of batch experiments showed that the 4N4F@rGO (Fe/GO = 4 wt./wt., and Ni/Fe = 4 wt.%) could reach a higher reduction capacity (143.2 mgCT/gcatalyst) compared with Ni/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (91.7 mgCT/gcatalyst) and Fe0 nanoparticles (49.8 mgCT/gcatalyst) respectively. That benefited from the nickel metal as a co-catalyst, which could reduce the reaction activation energy of 6.59 kJ/mol, and rGO as an electrical conductivity supporting material could further reduce the reaction activation energy of 4.73 kJ/mol as presented in the conceptual model. More complete dechlorination products were generated with the use of 4N4F@rGO. Based on the above results, the reductive pathway of CT and the catalytic reaction mechanism have been discussed.
Advanced electrochemical treatment of real biotreated petrochemical wastewater by boron doped diamond anode: performance, kinetics, and degradation mechanism
Authors: Li Hao , Kuang Xinmou , Qiu Congping , Shen Xiaolan , Zhang Botao , Li Hua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Petrochemical wastewater is difficult to process because of various types of pollutants with high toxicity. With the improvement in the national discharge standard, traditional biochemical treatment methods may not meet the standards and further advanced treatment techniques would be required. In this study, electrochemical oxidation with boron doped diamond (BDD) anode as post-treatment was carried out for the treatment of real biotreated petrochemical wastewater. The effects of current density, pH value, agitation rate, and anode materials on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and current efficiency were studied. The results revealed the appropriate conditions to be a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, a pH value of 3, and an agitation rate of 400 rpm. Moreover, as compared with the graphite electrode, the BDD electrode had a higher oxidation efficiency and COD removal efficiency. Furthermore, GC-MS was used to analyze the final degradation products, in which ammonium chloride, formic acid, acetic acid, and malonic acid were detected. Finally, the energy consumption was estimated to be 6.24 kWh·m−3 with a final COD of 30.2 mg·L−1 at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2 without the addition of extra substances. This study provides an alternative for the upgrading of petrochemical wastewater treatment plants.
Molecular Docking and Virtual Screening Based Prediction of Drugs for COVID-19
Authors: Talluri Sekhar 
Published: August 2020

Aims:To predict potential drugs for COVID-19 by using molecular docking for virtual screening of drugs approved for other clinical applications.Background:SARS-CoV-2 is the betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. It was listed as a potential global health threat by the WHO due to high mortality, high basic reproduction number, and lack of clinically approved drugs and vaccines. The genome of the virus responsible for COVID-19 has been sequenced. In addition, the three-dimensional structure of the main protease has been determined experimentally.Objective:To identify potential drugs that can be repurposed for treatment of COVID-19 by using molecular docking based virtual screening of all approved drugs.Methods:A list of drugs approved for clinical use was obtained from the SuperDRUG2 database. The structure of the target in the apo form, as well as structures of several target-ligand complexes, were obtained from RCSB PDB. The structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro determined from X-ray diffraction data was used as the target. Data regarding drugs in clinical trials for COVID-19 was obtained from clinicaltrials.org. Input for molecular docking based virtual screening was prepared by using Obabel and customized python, bash, and awk scripts. Molecular docking calculations were carried out with Vina and SMINA, and the docked conformations were analyzed and visualized with PLIP, Pymol, and Rasmol.Results:Among the drugs that are being tested in clinical trials for COVID-19, Danoprevir and Darunavir were predicted to have the highest binding affinity for the Main protease (Mpro) target of SARS-CoV-2. Saquinavir and Beclabuvir were identified as the best novel candidates for COVID-19 therapy by using Virtual Screening of drugs approved for other clinical indications.Conclusion:Protease inhibitors approved for treatment of other viral diseases have the potential to be repurposed for treatment of COVID-19.
A Promising Strategy for Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: Intravitreal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome
Authors: Li Dongli , Gong Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2020

:
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a leading cause of optic nerverelated
permanent visual impairment among individuals of over 50 years of age after glaucoma. Due to
perplexing disorder regarding its pathogenesis, there is still no widely accepted and established treatment
plan. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the rare stem cell types that therapeutic agents
for immunomodulation and ischemic tissue repair in clinical practice. However, there are certain disadvantages
in using MSCs, such as potential tumorigenicity, need for autologous collection, and short
survival time. Previous evidence suggested that MSC-exosome significantly attenuated post-ischemic
neuronal damage and induced long-term neuroprotection associated with enhanced angiogenesis in
MSCs.

:
Therefore, we hypothesized that the intravitreal administration of MSC-exosome could be a potentially
effective therapeutic approach for NAION by using a similar mechanism via promoting angiogenesis,
neuro-regeneration, and neurological recovery, suppressing oxidative stress and reducing apoptosis,
and suppressing inflammation and immunity based on its biological structure and function in NAION.
Questions that need to be answered before testing clinically include dose regimen, injection frequency,
the optimal duration of treatment, and duration of medication.
Photodynamic Effects of Vitamin K3 on Cervical Carcinoma Cells Activating Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathways
Authors: Xin Yong , Guo Wenwen , Yang Chunsheng , Huang Qian , Zhang Pei , Zhang Longzhen , Jiang Guan 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a photoactivation or photosensitization process,
wherein vitamin K3 (Vit K3) serves as a photosensitizer to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) against
bacteria at appropriate wavelengths. In this study, we used Vit K3 treatment combined with Ultraviolet radiation
A (UVA) to produce photodynamic effects on cervical cancer.

Methods:
The dose-concentration relationship between Vit K3 treatment and UVA on tumor cells was analyzed
through the Cell Counting Kit-8 method. Then, the morphological characteristics of apoptosis cells were observed
through fluorescent staining and fluorescence microscopy. Apoptosis after treatment with Vit K3 treatment,
UVA, and Vit K3 treatment plus UVA was further observed through Western blot analysis, flow cytometry,
and TUNEL assay. The xenograft models from HeLa cells were established for the exploration of the photodynamic
effect of Vit K3 treatment on cervical cancer in vivo.

Results:
Vit K3 treatment plus UVA reduced tumor cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies
indicated that Vit K3 treatment plus UVA can inhibit tumor growth and enhance the apoptosis of cervical cancer
cells. In the combination group, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, B-cell lymphoma-
extra large (Bcl-xl), and cytochrome c (cyt-c) increased obviously, whereas the expression level of Bcell
lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) decreased relative to the expression levels of UVA- or Vit K3-treated cells. In the in
vivo experiments, tumor growth was inhibited significantly in the VitK3 treatment plus UVA group. Additionally,
we demonstrated that the combination therapy mediated an increase in cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved
caspase-9 expression and decrease in Bcl-2 expression in vivo.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that Vit K3 treatment combined with UVA exerted photodynamic effects on
cervical cancer cells by activating mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.
Compensatory Social Networking Site Use, Family Support, and Depression Among College Freshman: Three-Wave Panel Study
Authors: Zhou Mingjie , Li Fugui , Wang Yanhong , Chen Shuang , Wang Kexin 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundFreshmen were found to use social networking sites (SNS) as a useful medium to effectively adjust to college life, which hints at a tendency to resort to SNS for social compensation. However, the compensatory use of SNS is usually problematic.ObjectiveThis study explores why a subgroup of freshmen developed depressive symptoms while socially adjusting to college by investigating the antecedent role of introversion, the explanatory role of compensatory use of SNS, and the protective role of perceived family support. The study is among the first to point out the relevance of the compensatory use of SNS in explaining the indirect association between introversion and depression with a longitudinal design.MethodsA 3-wave panel sample of freshmen (N=1137) is used to examine the moderated mediation model.ResultsWe found that introversion at Wave 1 positively predicted compensatory use of SNS at Wave 2 and subsequently increased depression at Wave 3 (unstandardized B=0.07, SE 0.02, P<.001, 95% CI 0.04-0.10; unstandardized B=0.09, SE 0.01, P<.001, 95% CI 0.06-0.12). The moderated mediation model further examined the buffering role of perceived family support within the link between introversion and compensatory SNS use (index=0.0031, SE 0.0015, 95% CI 0.0003-0.0062). Unexpectedly, we found that family support in Wave 1 decreased compensatory SNS use for less introverted freshmen in Wave 2 and further decreased depression in Wave 3.ConclusionsUnexpectedly, our findings uncover an enhancing effect, rather than a buffering effect, of family support by embedding its effect within the relationship between introversion and compensatory SNS use. Appreciating the differences in the casual pathways for freshmen with different levels of introversion clarifies how SNS affect young adults' lives.