bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melt stabilization of polyethylene with natural antioxidants: comparison of a natural extract and its main component
Authors: Kirschweng Balázs , Vörös Benedek , Arroussi Mohammed , Tátraaljai Dóra , Zsuga Miklós , Pukánszky Béla 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe efficiency of the natural extract, silymarin, was compared to its main component, silybin in the processing stabilization of polyethylene. The two compounds were applied as primary antioxidants in the concentration range of 0–500 ppm in combination with 1000 ppm Sandostab PEPQ phosphorous secondary stabilizer. The efficiency of the stabilizers was determined by the measurement of the concentration of unsaturated groups, the amount of residual PEPQ, melt flow rate (MFR), oxidation induction time and color of polymer samples taken after consecutive extrusion steps. The comparison showed that at large concentrations, the extract is more efficient than the pure compound; the vinyl group content and MFR of the polymer are preserved more in the presence on the extract than with silybin. The residual stability of the polymer containing silymarin is also slightly better at the same additive content than that prepared with silybin. Larger efficiency is explained by the smaller bond dissociation enthalpies of the most active phenolic hydroxyl groups of some of the components of the extract. The larger solubility of silymarin resulting from its amorphous character and the presence of the accompanying components of the extract also contributes to its better efficiency. At small concentrations, silymarin proved to be inferior to silybin, which was explained by the interaction of the components. The use of the extract seems to be more advantageous because it is more efficient and significantly cheaper than its pure main component. On the other hand, the stabilizing efficiency of silymarin and the related compounds is inferior to other flavonoids like quercetin, dihydromyricetin or rutin.
Simulating White-Light Images of Coronal Structures for Parker Solar Probe/WISPR: Study of the Total Brightness Profiles
Authors: Nisticò Giuseppe , Bothmer Volker , Vourlidas Angelos , Liewer Paulett C. , Thernisien Arnaud F. , Stenborg Guillermo , Howard Russell A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe (WISPR) captures unprecedented white-light images of the solar corona and inner heliosphere. Thanks to the uniqueness of the Parker Solar Probe’s (PSP) orbit, WISPR is able to image “locally” coronal structures at high spatial and time resolutions. The observed plane of sky, however, rapidly changes because of the PSP’s high orbital speed. Therefore, the interpretation of the dynamics of the coronal structures recorded by WISPR is not straightforward. A first study, undertaken by Liewer et al. (Solar Phys.294, 93, 2019), shows how different coronal features (e.g., streamers, flux ropes) appear in the field-of-view of WISPR by means of raytracing simulations. In particular, they analyze the effects of the spatial resolution changes on both the images and the associated height–time maps, and introduce the fundamentals for geometric triangulation. In this follow-up paper, we focus on the study of the total brightness of a simple, spherical, plasma density structure, to understand how the analysis of Thomson-scattered emission by the electrons in a coronal feature can shed light into the determination of its kinematic properties. We investigate two cases: (i) a density sphere at a constant distance from the Sun for different heliographic longitudes; (ii) a density sphere moving outwardly with constant speed. The study allows us to characterize the effects of the varying heliocentric distance of the observer and scattering angle on the total brightness observed, which we exploit to contribute to a better determination of the position and speed of the coronal features observed by WISPR.
The Rādhāsoāmī Theory of Subtle Body as an Expression of Religious Inclusivism
Authors: Zapart Jarosław 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article looks at the yogic theory of subtle body as a hermeneutical and pedagogical tool used by the Rādhāsoāmī (rādhāsvāmī) tradition to construct an inclusivist strategy for appropriating other religious systems. When constructing the theory ofsurat-śabd-yoga, the Rādhāsoāmīs took thehaṭha yogaof the Nāths as a vital reference point. While rejecting the corporeal techniques ofhaṭha yoga, they remained influenced by the Nāth theory of subtle body. A thorough modification and expansion of this theory enabled the Rādhāsoāmīs to construct a historiosophy based on a hierarchy of religious paths. The article discloses various manifestations of the inclusivist strategy in Rādhāsoāmī thought, establishes its historical and structural determinants, and examines the process of development of the theory of subtle body into a hermeneutical tool for interpreting rival paradigms ofyogain a manner that portrays them as inferior.
„Wem sag ich’s? Und vor allem wie?“ – Partner*innenbenachrichtigung bei STI
Authors: Enders Kristina , Schu Martina , Cannizzaro Gianna 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Wirksamkeit der Benachrichtigung von Sexualpartner*innen über die Diagnose von sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen (STI), um Übertragungsketten zu unterbrechen, ist durch den internationalen Forschungsstand gut belegt. Verschiedene empirische Arbeiten verweisen auf die Bedeutung struktureller und individueller Faktoren für die Bereitschaft, Partner*innen zu benachrichtigen.

Methoden
Über quantitative und qualitative Befragungen von Nutzer*innen anonymer Teststellen konnten erstmals belastbare Daten dazu für Deutschland gewonnen werden. Im Erhebungszeitraum (Juli bis September 2019) wurden bundesweit insgesamt 845 Nutzer*innen anonymer Teststellen befragt: 721 füllten einen schriftlichen Fragebogen aus, mit 169 Befragungsteilnehmenden konnte zusätzlich ein etwa 30-minütiges leitfadengestütztes Interview realisiert werden.

Ergebnisse
Wie unsere Erhebungen zeigen, wurde etwa ein Drittel aller befragten Klient*innen bisher schon mindestens einmal von einem Sexualkontakt informiert, dass die Möglichkeit einer STI besteht. Generell wären die Klient*innen selbst dankbar über eine Benachrichtigung – am liebsten durch den infizierten Sexualkontakt persönlich. Das Thema Partner*innenbenachrichtigung (PB) bewegt die Nutzer*innen, viele empfinden Verantwortung für ihre Sexualpartner*innen und fast alle wollen sie informieren. Doch fällt es vielen schwer, ihre Sexualkontakte auf eine mögliche Infektion hinzuweisen. Deshalb wünschen sich vier Fünftel der 721 befragten Klient*innen, zu Möglichkeiten von PB beraten zu werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Klient*innen wünschen sich Informationsmaterial (analog und digital) sowie Beratung und Hilfen zur Gesprächsführung bzgl. PB (wie, wann und wo Sexualkontakte informieren?) und schließlich tatsächlich verfügbare Test- und Behandlungsangebote.
Ecotourism development and the heterogeneity of tourists
Authors: Lee Joung Hun , Iwasa Yoh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEcotourism is potentially capable of making biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management economically feasible. Here, we propose a simple model for ecotourism development considering the heterogeneity of tourists, motivated by the case of Jeju Island, South Korea. We analyze the optimal investment in accommodation capacity (i.e., hotels, restaurants, and transportation) and in improving the quality of the environment (i.e., biodiversity, landscape, and cultural activities). “General tourists” are abundant but will not return to the focal site, and their future number is unpredictable, while “loyal tourists” may return to the site if they are attracted by its environmental and/or cultural assets. The analysis shows that the economically profitable policy is either the one with a large investment in accommodation capacity targeting general tourists or the one with a large investment to environmental quality targeting loyal tourists, but an intermediate mixture of these extremes cannot be the optimal. We also discuss “zoning,” in which a site is separated to two areas, and many visitors stay in the first area and visit the second area to enjoy the high-quality environment.
Implications of next-generation sequencing for the systematics and evolution of the terrestrial orchid genus Epipactis, with particular reference to the British Isles
Authors: Bateman Richard M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryRecent application of next-generation sequencing technology to Eurasian taxa of the primitive epidendroid orchid cladeEpipactissectionEpipactishas further advanced our knowledge of what has become a model system for studying the origins of numerous autogamous taxa from within arguably only one allogamous ancestral species,E. helleborines.s. Current understanding of evolutionary pattern, species re-circumscription and speciation process withinEpipactisis critically reviewed, emphasising the relevance of recent research based on next-generation sequencing and aiming to better understand taxa native to the British Isles. Conclusions include recognition that (1) the majority of named taxa currently widely viewed as species do not pass rigorous tests of species status, (2) two of the six unequivocal species native to Britain extend further east in Eurasia than was previously supposed, and none is endemic, (3) all scientifically defensible species ofEpipactishave high frequencies of self-pollination (although autogamy is significantly less frequent in the ancestral speciesE. helleborinethan in any of the remaining species derived from it), and (4) fully understanding the speciation process (including substantial increases in autogamy) will require us to further investigate not only pollinator behaviour and the diverse factors determining gynostemium morphology but also the equally diverse factors (including mycorrhizal specificity) likely to influence the invasion of novel, challenging habitat types.
Jung stirbt, wen die Götter lieben?
Authors: Thieme Lutz 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungWährend moderate sportliche Bewegung die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit einer Risikogruppe positiv beeinflusst, sind die Befunde im Leistungssport international gemischt. Für Deutschland liegt dazu nur eine Studie zu Fußball-Nationalspielern vor. Daher wurden mit Hilfe der Daten der Mitglieder der deutschen Olympiamannschaften 1956 bis 2016 (n = 6066) Hypothesen zu Effekten im Vergleich zur Gesamtbevölkerung, zum metabolischen Stoffwechsel, zu Einzel‑, Mix- und Mannschaftssportarten, zu Doping, zum olympischen Erfolg und zum Geschlecht getestet und dabei auch die Mitgliedschaft in den Olympiamannschaften der Bundesrepublik, der DDR sowie dem wiedervereinigten Deutschland berücksichtigt. Es zeigt sich, dass die Mitglieder der deutschen Olympiamannschaften bislang eine im Vergleich mit der Gesamtbevölkerung höhere Mortalitätsrate aufweisen, es keine höheren Überlebensraten für die Mitglieder der Olympiamannschaften der alten Bundesrepublik gibt, sich keine Differenzen zwischen Sportarten finden lassen, aber steigende olympische Erfolge zu höheren Mortalitätsraten führen.
Integrative analysis of in vivo recording with single-cell RNA-seq data reveals molecular properties of light-sensitive neurons in mouse V1
Authors: Liu Jianwei , Wang Mengdi , Sun Le , Pan Na Clara , Zhang Changjiang , Zhang Junjing , Zuo Zhentao , He Sheng , Wu Qian , Wang Xiaoqun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVision formation is classically based on projections from retinal ganglion cells (RGC) to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the primary visual cortex (V1). Neurons in the mouse V1 are tuned to light stimuli. Although the cellular information of the retina and the LGN has been widely studied, the transcriptome profiles of single light-stimulated neuron in V1 remain unknown. In our study, in vivo calcium imaging and whole-cell electrophysiological patch-clamp recording were utilized to identify 53 individual cells from layer 2/3 of V1 as light-sensitive (LS) or non-light-sensitive (NS) by single-cell light-evoked calcium evaluation and action potential spiking. The contents of each cell after functional tests were aspiratedin vivothrough a patch-clamp pipette for mRNA sequencing. Moreover, the three-dimensional (3-D) morphological characterizations of the neurons were reconstructed in a live mouse after the whole-cell recordings. Our sequencing results indicated that V1 neurons with a high expression of genes related to transmission regulation, such asRtn4randRgs7,and genes involved in membrane transport, such as Na+/K+ATPase and NMDA-type glutamatergic receptors, preferentially responded to light stimulation. Furthermore, an antagonist that blocksRtn4rsignals could inactivate the neuronal responses to light stimulation in live mice. In conclusion, our findings of thevivo-seq analysis indicate the key role of the strength of synaptic transmission possesses neurons in V1 of light sensory.
Tracking bridge tilt behaviour using sensor fusion techniques
Authors: Faulkner Karen , Brownjohn James Mark William , Wang Ying , Huseynov Farhad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe resilience of the built environment to extreme weather events is fundamental for the day-to-day operation of our transport network, with scour representing one of the biggest threats to bridges built over flowing water. Condition monitoring of the bridge using a structural health monitoring system enhances resilience by reducing the time needed to return the bridge to normal use by providing timely information on structural condition and safety. The work presented in this report discusses use of rotational measurements in structural health monitoring. Traditionally tiltmeters (which can be a form of DC accelerometer) are used to measure rotation but are known to be affected by dynamic movements, while gyroscopes react quickly to dynamic motion but drift over time. This review will introduce gyroscopes as a complementary sensor for accelerometer rotational measurements and use sensor fusion techniques to combine the measurements from both sensors to get an optimised rotational result. This method was trialled on a laboratory scaled model, before the system was installed on an in-service single-span skewed railway bridge. The rotational measurements were compared against rotation measurements obtained using a vision-based measurement system to confirm the validity of the results. An introduction to gyroscopes, field test measurement results with the sensors and their correlation with the vision-based measurement results are presented in this article.
Total Energy Intake and Self-Selected Macronutrient Distribution During Wildland Fire Suppression
Authors: Marks Alexander N. , Sol Joseph A. , Domitrovich Joseph W. , West Molly R. , Ruby Brent C. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Wildland firefighters (WLFF) work long hours in extreme environments, resulting in high daily total energy expenditure. Increasing work-shift eating episodes and/or providing rations that promote convenient eating has shown augmented self-selected work output, as has regular carbohydrate (CHO) consumption. It remains unclear how current WLFF feeding strategies compare to more frequent nutrient delivery. Our aim was to determine WLFFs’ self-selected field total energy intake (TEI), composition, and feeding patterns during wildland fire suppression shifts. Methods WLFF were deployed to fire incidents across the United States throughout the 2018 fire season. Preshift food inventories collected at basecamp provided item-specific nutrient content (kilocalories, CHO, fat, protein). Work shift consumption (TEI, feeding frequency, episodic composition) was monitored in real time by field researchers on fireline via observational data capture using mobile tablets. Shift work output was also quantified via actigraph accelerometry. Results Eighty-six WLFF (27.5±6.4 y; 16 female, 70 male) worked 14.0±1.1 h shifts, with a TEI of 6.3±2.5 MJ (1494±592 kcal) (51±10, 37±9, 13±4% for CHO, fat, and protein, respectively). WLFF averaged 4.3±1.6 eating episodes (1.4±1.3 MJ [345±306 kcal] and 44±38 g CHO·episode-1). WLFF who consumed >20 kcal·kg-1 averaged less sedentary activity than those consuming <16 kcal·kg-1. Data are presented as mean±SD. Conclusions Not including fire camp meals (breakfast, dinner), the present work-shift TEI approximates 33% of previously determined WLFF total energy expenditure and demonstrates that current WLFF consumption patterns may not deliver adequate nutrients for occupational demands.
A non-exponential extension of Sanov’s theorem via convex duality
Authors: Lacker Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work is devoted to a vast extension of Sanov’s theorem, in Laplace principle form, based on alternatives to the classical convex dual pair of relative entropy and cumulant generating functional. The abstract results give rise to a number of probabilistic limit theorems and asymptotics. For instance, widely applicable non-exponential large deviation upper bounds are derived for empirical distributions and averages of independent and identically distributed samples under minimal integrability assumptions, notably accommodating heavy-tailed distributions. Other interesting manifestations of the abstract results include new results on the rate of convergence of empirical measures in Wasserstein distance, uniform large deviation bounds, and variational problems involving optimal transport costs, as well as an application to error estimates for approximate solutions of stochastic optimization problems. The proofs build on the Dupuis–Ellis weak convergence approach to large deviations as well as the duality theory for convex risk measures.
The potentially negative effects of cooperation in service systems
Authors: Chung Hakjin , Ahn Hyun-Soo , Righter Rhonda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ‘Price of Anarchy’ states that the performance of multi-agent service systems degrades with the agents’ selfishness (anarchy). We investigate a service model in which both customers and the firm are strategic. We find that, for a Stackelberg game in which the server invests in capacity before customers decide whether or not to join, there can be a ‘Benefit of Anarchy’, that is, customers acting selfishly can have a greater overall utility than customers who are coordinated to maximize their overall utility. We also show that customer anarchy can be socially beneficial, resulting in a ‘Social Benefit of Anarchy’. We show that such phenomena are rather general and can arise in multiple settings (e.g. in both profit-maximizing and welfare-maximizing firms, in both capacity-setting and price-setting firms, and in both observable and unobservable queues). However, the underlying mechanism leading to the Benefit of Anarchy can differ significantly from one setting to another.
Market responses to global governance: International climate cooperation and Europe's carbon trading
Authors: Genovese Federica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInternational environmental cooperation can impose significant costs on private firms. Yet, in recent years some companies have been supportive of international climate agreements. This suggests that under certain conditions environmental accords can be profitable. In this paper, I seek to explain this puzzle by focusing on the interaction between domestic regulation and decisions at international climate negotiations. I argue that global climate cooperation hurts the profits of polluting firms if domestic governments do not shield them from international compliance costs. Vice versa, if firms are subject to protective (i.e., insufficiently severe) policy instruments at home, firms can materially gain from international climate agreements that sustain expectations about their profitability. I test the argument with an event study of the effect of decisions at the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on major European firms that received free carbon permits in the early stages of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). The analysis suggests that financial markets carefully follow the international climate negotiations, and reward the regulated firms based on the outcome of UNFCCC decisions. The evidence also indicates the advantageous interplay between certain types of domestic regulations and international regimes for business. More generally, the results show the perils of privately supported policy for the effectiveness of international public good provision.
Overusing the pacifier during infancy sets a footprint on abstract words processing
Authors: BARCA Laura , MAZZUCA Claudia , BORGHI Anna M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPerturbations to the speech articulators induced by frequently using an interfering object during infancy (i.e., pacifier) might shape children's language experience and the building of conceptual representations. Seventy-one typically developing third graders performed a semantic categorization task with abstract, concrete and emotional words. Children who used the pacifier for a more extended period were slower than the others. Moreover, overusing the pacifier increased response time of abstract words, whereas emotional and (above all) concrete words were less affected. Results support the view that abstract words are grounded both in perception-action and in linguistic experience.
Syllable duration changes during babbling: a longitudinal study of French infant productions
Authors: CANAULT Mélanie , YAMAGUCHI Naomi , PAILLEREAU Nikola , KRZONOWSKI Jennifer , ROY Johanna-Pascale , DOS SANTOS Christophe , KERN Sophie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAt the babbling stage, the syllable does not have the temporal characteristics of adult syllables because of the infant's limited oro-motor skills. This research aims to further our knowledge of syllable duration and temporal variability and their evolution with age as an indicator of the development of articulatory skills. The possible impact of syllable position, as well as that of type of intrasyllabic associations and intersyllabic articulatory changes on these parameters has also been tested. Oral productions of 22 French infants were recorded monthly from 8 to 14 months. 11 261 Consonant-Vowel (CV) syllables were annotated and temporally analyzed. The mean duration varied according to syllable position, but not to the intrasyllabic or intersyllabic articulatory changes. Moreover, the syllable duration decreased significantly from the age of 10 months onwards, whereas the temporal variability remained the same.
An explicit methodology for manufacturing cost–tolerance modeling and optimization using the neural network integrated with the genetic algorithm
Authors: Saravanan A. , Jerald J. , Carolina Rani A. Delphin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of the paper is to develop a new method to model the manufacturing cost–tolerance and to optimize the tolerance values along with its manufacturing cost. A cost–tolerance relation has a complex nonlinear correlation among them. The property of a neural network makes it possible to model the complex correlation, and the genetic algorithm (GA) is integrated with the best neural network model to optimize the tolerance values. The proposed method used three types of neural network models (multilayer perceptron, backpropagation network, and radial basis function). These network models were developed separately for prismatic and rotational parts. For the construction of network models, part size and tolerance values were used as input neurons. The reference manufacturing cost was assigned as the output neuron. The qualitative production data set was gathered in a workshop and partitioned into three files for training, testing, and validation, respectively. The architecture of the network model was identified based on the best regression coefficient and the root-mean-square-error value. The best network model was integrated into the GA, and the role of genetic operators was also studied. Finally, two case studies from the literature were demonstrated in order to validate the proposed method. A new methodology based on the neural network model enables the design and process planning engineers to propose an intelligent decision irrespective of their experience.