bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Volatile Congeners in Spirit Drinks: Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Kelly Janet , Chapman Stephen , Brereton Paul , Bertrand Alain , Guillou Claude , Wittkowski Reiner ,   Collaborators:, Lenartowicz P , Kiddie R , Durante P , Garcia A , Maignial L , Williams M , Low A D , Vidal J P , Richards A T , Bourrier M , Cuatero M , Grimm M , Lees M , Lamoureux T , Smith P , Swanson W , Smith A , Davies R J , Wardle K , Terwel L , Lopes J M S , Clutton D , Williams M , Hampton I J , Maynard P , Hiero J R G , Frank W , Bauer-Christoph C , Klingemann K , Senf D R , Liadouze I , Spyridon Bolkas M , Martin J D , Valcarcel Munoz M J , Conchie E C , Malandain A , Leclerc A , Pineau M , Barboteau P , Lafage M , Laurichesse D , Airchinnigh M Nic An , McGowan S , Cresto B , Bossard A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An interlaboratory study of a gas chromatographic (GC) method for the determination of volatile congeners in spirit drinks was conducted; 31 laboratories from 8 countries took part in the study. The method uses GC with flame ionization detection and incorpo rates several quality control measures which permit the choice of chromatographic system and conditions to be selected by the user. Spirit drink samples were prepared and sent to participants as 10 blind duplicate or split-level test materials for the determination of 1,1-diethoxyethane (acetal), 2-methylbutan-1-ol (active amyl alcohol), 3-methylbutan-1-ol (isoamyl alcohol), methanol (methyl alcohol), ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate), butan-1-ol (n-butanol), butan-2-ol (sec-butanol), 2-methylpropan-1-ol(isobutyl alcohol), propan-1-ol (n-propanol), and ethanal (acetaldehyde). The precision of the method for 9 of the 10 analytes was well within the range predicted by the Horwitz equation.The precision of the most volatile analyte, ethanal, was just above statistically predicted levels. This method is recommended for official regulatory purposes.
Determination of Regularly Distributed Plant Protectants in Raw and Drinking Waters, Using a Multiresidue Method with Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
Authors: Stutz Hanno , Malissa Hans 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Eighteen plant protectant compounds were separated and determined by cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in a multiclass/multiresidue method. The pesticides included are those dispersed in the greatest amounts today over agricultural acreage, and they represent 8 different classes of compounds (azoles, benzoic acids, chloroacetanilides, phenoxy acids, phenylureas, sulfonylureas, thiocarbamates, and triazines) covering a wide range of chemical reactivities and physicochemical properties. A 500 mL sample of tap water is preconcentrated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with 300 mg combined polystyrene-divinylbenzene and methacrylate macroporous resins. Trapped analytes are eluted collectively with diethyl ether. Concentration and solvent change yield 250 μL of an acetone “concentrate,” which is further worked up and concentrated 1:10 to produce the MEKC injection solution containing 10 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant. For MEKC,2 phosphate/SDS buffer systems were designed, each allowing complete separation of all pesticides in a single run. Sensitivity was enhanced by a self-etched bubble cell and an injection procedure which employs stacking at reversed polarity. The ability of MEKC to determine plant protectants in raw and drinking waters at the 0.1 μg/L level, as demanded by the guidelines of the European Union, was demonstrated with spiked tap waters. Recoveries were between 75 and 110%, and limits of quantification, evaluated as method detection limits according to guidelines of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ranged between 0.03 and 0.10 μg/L. The precisions of the relative migration times were all below 0.5%.
Enantiomeric and Isomeric Separation of Pesticides by Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
Authors: Shea Damian , Penmetsa Kumar V , Leidy Ross B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography was applied successfully to the enantiomeric and isomeric separation of 7 commonly used pesticides (propiconazole, bioallethrin, fenpropathrin, phenothrin, bitertanol, triadimenol, and dimethomorph). Commercially available surfactants used alone or in combination with cyclodextrins were evaluated for separation of the enantiomers/isomers of the 7 pesticides. The enan-tiomers/isomers of the pesticides used in this study were baseline resolved with resolutions of ≥1.5. The resolution was found to depend on the type of surfactant and cyclodextrin employed in the running buffer. In the case of propiconazole and dimethomorph, baseline resolution was also achieved by adding sodium cholate (a chiral surfactant) alone to the running buffer. Analysis of fortified water samples yielded recoveries ranging from 45 to 89% and method detection limits ranging from 0.18 to 2.1 ppb. The reported capillary electrophoresis methods are simple, rapid, and reproducible.
Leg dominance as a risk factor for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Authors: Philippi Matthew T , Kahn Timothy L , Adeyemi Temitope F , Maak Travis G , Aoki Stephen K 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOne etiological factor of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is high impact athletics involving deep hip flexion, axial loading and jumping during skeletal development. Previous work has established that there is physiologic asymmetry of the lower limbs regarding function, with the dominant limb being primarily responsible for propulsion and kicking while the non-dominant limb is responsible for stability and planting. The authors hypothesize that the dominant limb will be more likely to undergo hip arthroscopy for symptomatic FAIS. Four hundred and sixty-nine patients at a single surgical center who underwent primary or revision hip arthroscopy for cam-type FAIS were identified. Patients were asked to identify their dominant lower extremity, defined as the lower extremity preferred for kicking. Sixty patients who indicated bilateral leg dominance were excluded. It was assumed that with no association between limb dominance and the need for surgery, the dominant side would have surgery 50% of the time. Enrichment for surgery in the dominant limb was tested for using a one-sample test of proportions, determining whether the rate differed from 50%. The enrichment for surgery on the dominant side was 57% (95% confidence interval 52–62%) which was significantly different from the rate expected by chance (50%), P = 0.003. No other significant differences were noted between groups. Limb dominance appears to be an etiological factor in the development of cam-type FAIS. Patients are more likely to undergo arthroscopic treatment of FAIS on their dominant lower extremity, although the non-dominant lower extremity frequently develops FAIS as well.
Giant low-surface-brightness dwarf galaxy as a test bench for MOdified Gravity
Authors: de Martino Ivan 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe lack of detection of supersymmetric particles is leading to look at alternative avenues for explaining dark matter’s effects. Among them, modified theories of gravity may play an important role accounting even for both dark components needed in the standard cosmological model. Scalar–tensor–vector gravity theory has been proposed to resolve the dark matter puzzle. Such a modified gravity model introduces, in its weak field limit, a Yukawa-like correction to the Newtonian potential, and is capable to explain most of the phenomenology related to dark matter at scale of galaxies and galaxy clusters. Nevertheless, some inconsistencies appear when studying systems that are supposed to be dark matter dominated such as dwarf galaxies. In this sense, Antlia II, an extremely diffuse galaxy which has been recently discovered in Gaia’s second data release, may serve to probe the aforementioned theory against the need for invoking dark matter. Our analysis shows several inconsistencies and leads to argue that MOdified Gravity may not be able to shed light on the intriguing nature of dark matter.
New Magmatic Oxybarometer Using Trace Elements in Zircon
Authors: Loucks Robert R , Fiorentini Marco L , Henríquez Gonzalo J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We derive a novel method for determining the oxidation state of a magma as zircon crystallized, with a standard error of ±0·6 log unit ƒO2, using ratios of Ce, U, and Ti in zircon, without explicit determination of the ionic charge of any of them, and without independent determination of crystallization temperature or pressure or parental melt composition. It yields results in good agreement with oxybarometry on Fe–Ti oxide phenocrysts and hornblende phenocrysts quenched in eruptive I- and A-type dacites and rhyolites, but our zircon oxybarometer is also applicable to slowly cooled plutonic rocks and applicable to detrital and xenocrystic zircons. Zircon/melt partition coefficients of Ce and U vary oppositely with ƒO2 variation in the silicate melt. The Ce/U ratio in zircon also varies with the Ce/U element ratio in the silicate melt. During mafic-to-felsic magmatic differentiation, Ce and U are incorporated mainly in calcium-dominated lattice sites of clinopyroxene, hornblende, apatite, and occasionally titanite and/or allanite, all of which have a similar degree of preference for Ce over U. We employ the U/Ti ratio in zircon and in silicate melt as a magmatic differentiation index. Convergent- and divergent-plate-margin differentiation series consistently follow the relation log (Ce/U) ≈ –0·5 log (U/Ti) + C' in silicate melts of basaltic to rhyolitic composition. That correlation permits thermodynamic derivation of the oxybarometry relation among those elements in zircon: log fO2(sample)−log fO2(FMQ)≈42n+1log[Ce/(Ui×Ti)z]+C, wherein Ui denotes age-corrected initial U content, FMQ represents the reference buffer fayalite + magnetite + quartz, superscript z denotes zircon, and n varies with the average valence of uranium in the zircon’s parental silicate melt. We empirically calibrate this relation, using 1042 analysed zircons in 85 natural populations having independently constrained log ƒO2 in the range FMQ – 4·9 to FMQ + 2·9, to obtain the equation log fO2(sample)−log fO2(FMQ)=3·998(±0·124) log[Ce/(Ui×Ti)z]+2·284(±0·101) with a correlation coefficient R = 0·963 and standard error of 0·6 log unit ƒO2 in calc-alkalic, tholeiitic, adakitic, and shoshonitic, metaluminous to mildly peraluminous and mildly peralkaline melts in the composition range from kimberlite to rhyolite. Thermodynamic assessment and empirical tests indicate that our formulation is insensitive to varying crystallization temperature and pressure at lithospheric conditions. We present a revised equation for Ti-in-zircon thermometry that accounts appropriately for pressure as well as reduced activity of TiO2 and SiO2 in rutile- and quartz-undersaturated melts. It can be used to retrieve absolute values of ƒO2 from values of ΔFMQ obtained from a zircon analysis.
Legislating Fiscal Imbalance: Using Tax Policy to Protect Fiscal Decentralization in the Argentine Congress
Authors: Bonvecchi Alejandro , Calvo Ernesto , Stein Ernesto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhy do common-pool problems persist over time in federations? The literature shows that macro institutional, economic, and political incentives facilitate bailouts through intergovernmental transfers and debt management. Little research, however, explores the legislative mechanisms that prevent common-pool problems from being effectively addressed. This article focuses on a most central mechanism: tax lawmaking. We argue that lawmakers, whose careers rest in the hands of provincial constituencies, administer the legislative process to promote bills that protect the federal transfers that finance vertical fiscal imbalances and to amend proposals that seek to change them. Using an expert-coded dataset designed to assess the direction and magnitude of tax policy change, as described by the amendments proposed by legislators to the full set of tax bills proposed to the Argentine Congress since 1983, we document the legislative dynamics underpinning the common-pool problems of decentralized fiscal federal arrangements.
QUANTIFICATION OF BACK DIFFUSION IN RADON AND THORON EXHALATION RATE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Chitra N , Sundar S Bala , Subramanian V , Jose M T , Baskaran R , Venkatraman B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) fluxes from the soil and building materials are the major contributors to their indoor levels. Hence, the measurement of radon and thoron exhalation rates from the source matrix becomes the foremost step in controlling the indoor radon and thoron exposure. It is a challenge to measure the exhalation rates without disturbing the natural conditions. The back-diffusion phenomenon modifies the exhalation rate. The work presented here is to measure the back-diffusion coefficient and takes it into consideration while estimating the exhalation rate. For radon measurements, the back-diffusion coefficient and the free exhalation rates were simultaneously estimated by adopting a novel methodology. The leak rate of the experimental setup measured by this methodology was agreeable with the value measured by adopting the standard technique. In the case of thoron, the back-diffusion effect was found to be negligible for the present experimental conditions and it is duly explained. The above results were obtained by analyzing two soil samples with high 238U and 232Th content collected from monazite-rich coastal area.
Precarious Childhoods: Childhood Family Income Volatility and Mental Health in Early Adulthood
Authors: Cheng Siwei , Kosidou Kyriaki , Burström Bo , Björkenstam Charlotte , Pebley Anne R , Björkenstam Emma 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe rise of income volatility in western countries has been extensively documented in the literature, but empirical research has just started to examine how childhood exposure to family income volatility affects subsequent wellbeing. This study takes advantage of several nation-wide, population registers from Sweden with linkages within and across generations to examine the intergenerational impact of childhood family income volatility on psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. In addition to the population-average effects, we also examine the heterogeneity in the impact of family income volatility for families at the top, bottom, and middle of the family income distribution. Our results suggest that after controlling for a set of family- and child-level characteristics, childhood family income volatility has a negative effect on mental wellbeing, and this finding is consistent across a range of psychiatric outcomes. Furthermore, we show that while children from low-income families exhibit the greatest likelihood of psychiatric disorder, children from families in the middle of the income distribution experience the greatest negative impact of income volatility.
Relevance of Artifact Removal and Number of Stimuli for Video Head Impulse Test Examination
Authors: Trinidad-Ruiz Gabriel , Rey-Martinez Jorge , Matiño-Soler Eusebi , Batuecas-Caletrio Angel , Martin-Sanz Eduardo , Perez-Fernandez Nicolas 
Published: February 2020

Objective:To evaluate the effect of artifacts on the impulse and response recordings with the video head impulse test (VHIT) and determine how many stimuli are necessary for obtaining acceptably efficient measurements.Methods:One hundred fifty patients were examined using VHIT and their registries searched for artifacts. We compared several variations of the dataset. The first variation used only samples without artifacts, the second used all samples (with and without artifacts), and the rest used only samples with each type of artifact. We calculated the relative efficiency (RE) of evaluating an increasingly large number of samples (3 to 19 per side) when compared with the complete sample (20 impulses per side).Results:Overshoot was associated with significantly higher speed (p= 0.005), higher duration (p< 0.001) and lower amplitude of the impulses (p= 0.002), and consequent higher saccades’ latency (p= 0.035) and lower amplitude (p= 0.025). Loss of track was associated with lower gain (p= 0.035). Blink was associated with a higher number of saccades (p< 0.001), and wrong way was associated with lower saccade latency (p= 0.012). The coefficient of quartile deviation escalated as the number of artifacts of any type rose, indicating an increment of variability. Overshoot increased the probability of the impulse to lay on the outlier range for gain and peak speed. Blink did so for the number of saccades, and wrong way for the saccade amplitude and speed. RE reached a tolerable level of 1.1 at 7 to 10 impulses for all measurements except the PR score.Conclusions:Our results suggest the necessity of removing artifacts after collecting VHIT samples to improve the accuracy and precision of results. Ten impulses are sufficient for achieving acceptable RE for all measurements except the PR score.
Sepsis Among Medicare Beneficiaries: 3. The Methods, Models, and Forecasts of Sepsis, 2012–2018*
Authors: Buchman Timothy G. , Simpson Steven Q. , Sciarretta Kimberly L. , Finne Kristen P. , Sowers Nicole , Collier Michael , Chavan Saurabh , Oke Ibijoke , Pennini Meghan E. , Santhosh Aathira , Wax Marie , Woodbury Robyn , Chu Steve , Merkeley Tyler G. , Disbrow Gary L. , Bright Rick A. , MaCurdy Thomas E. , Kelman Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of sepsis, age, and comorbidities on death following an acute inpatient admission and to model and forecast inpatient and skilled nursing facility costs for Medicare beneficiaries during and subsequent to an acute inpatient sepsis admission.

Design:
Analysis of paid Medicare claims via the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services DataLink Project (CMS) and leveraging the CMS-Hierarchical Condition Category risk adjustment model.

Setting:
All U.S. acute care hospitals, excepting federal hospitals (Veterans Administration and Defense Health Agency).

Patients:
All Part A/B (fee-for-service) Medicare beneficiaries with an acute inpatient admission in 2017 and who had no inpatient sepsis admission in the prior year.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Logistic regression models to determine covariate risk contribution to death following an acute inpatient admission; conventional regression to predict Medicare beneficiary sepsis costs. Using the Hierarchical Condition Category risk adjustment model to illuminate influence of illness on outcome of inpatient admissions, representative odds ratios (with 95% CIs) for death within 6 months of an admission (referenced to beneficiaries admitted but without the characteristic) are as follows: septic shock, 7.27 (7.19–7.35); metastatic cancer and acute leukemia (Hierarchical Condition Category 8), 6.76 (6.71–6.82); all sepsis, 2.63 (2.62–2.65); respiratory arrest (Hierarchical Condition Category 83), 2.55 (2.35–2.77); end-stage liver disease (Hierarchical Condition Category 27), 2.53 (2.49–2.56); and severe sepsis without shock, 2.48 (2.45–2.51). Models of the cost of sepsis care for Medicare beneficiaries forecast arise approximately 13% over 2 years owing the rising enrollments in Medicare offset by the cost of care per admission.

Conclusions:
A sepsis inpatient admission is associated with marked increase in risk of death that is comparable to the risks associated with inpatient admissions for other common and serious chronic illnesses. The aggregate costs of sepsis care for Medicare beneficiaries will continue to increase.
A prospective cohort study of in utero and early childhood arsenic exposure and infectious disease in 4- to 5-year-old Bangladeshi children
Authors: Ahmed Sharia M. , Branscum Adam , Welch Barrett M. , Megowan Meghan , Bethel Jeffrey W. , Odden Michelle C. , Joya Sakila Afroz , Ibn Hasan M. Omar Sharif , Lin Pi-I , Mostofa Golam , Quamruzzaman Quazi , Rahman Mahmudur , Christiani David C. , Kile Molly L. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Previous research found that infants who were exposed to high levels of arsenic in utero had an increased risk of infectious disease in the first year of life. This prospective study examined the association between arsenic exposures during gestation, and respiratory, diarrheal, and febrile morbidity in children 4–5 years of age.

Methods:
A cohort of pregnant women was recruited in 2008–2011 in Bangladesh. Their children (N = 989) were followed, and household drinking water samples were collected during pregnancy, toddlerhood (12–40 months of age), and childhood (4–5 years of age). We actively surveyed mothers every 2 weeks regarding their children’s infectious diseases symptoms from 4 to 5 years of age. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between arsenic exposure and respiratory and febrile illness.

Results:
Median drinking water arsenic was 4.6, 8.8, and 4.2 µg/L in pregnancy, toddlerhood, and childhood, respectively. We observed 0.01, 1.2, and 1.0 cases per 100 person-days of diarrhea, respiratory, and febrile illness, respectively. The incident rate ratios (IRRs) for each doubling of drinking water arsenic during pregnancy were 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 1.22) and 0.93 (95% CI = 0.82, 1.05) for respiratory and febrile illness, respectively, after adjusting for covariates. The association between arsenic exposure measured during toddlerhood and childhood was attenuated and not significantly associated with either outcome. Diarrheal disease was too infrequent to assess.

Conclusions:
Drinking water arsenic exposure during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of acute respiratory infections in children 4–5 years old in Bangladesh.
Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Liver Abscess, Endophthalmitis, and Cavitary Pneumonia
Authors: Doke Purwa , Soman Rajeev , Purandare Bharat , Diwan Arundhati , Mahajan Sumeran , Panchakshari Shweta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen associated with hospital and healthcare-acquired infections. Hypervirulent K. pneumoniae can cause community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess in patients without previous history of liver disease with metastasis to distant sites. We report a case of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae bacteremia causing hepatic abscess, endophthalmitis, and cavitary pneumonia in a diabetic male.
Practical Management: Prescribing Subsymptom Threshold Aerobic Exercise for Sport-Related Concussion in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Bezherano Itai , Haider Mohammad N. , Willer Barry S. , Leddy John J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract:
Exercise intolerance is an objective biomarker of the physiological dysfunction after sport-related concussion (SRC). Several trials have established the safety and clinical efficacy of subsymptom threshold aerobic exercise prescribed within 1 week of injury as treatment for SRC. Clinicians, however, may not be comfortable prescribing aerobic exercise after SRC. This article presents 3 methods of exercise prescription for patients with SRC. The first requires a graded exertion test plus a home-based exercise program requiring a heart rate (HR) monitor. The second requires a graded exertion test but no HR monitor for home-based exercise. The third requires solely an HR monitor to safely progress through the home-based exercise prescription. Patients are encouraged to keep a symptom and exercise diary and return for re-evaluation every 1 to 2 weeks. Delayed recovery should prompt the clinician to evaluate for other potential symptom generators (eg, cervical, vestibular, oculomotor, mood, or migraine disorders).