bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle-Based Approach for Simulation of Nonlinear Material Behavior in Contact Zones
Authors: Shilko Evgeny V. , Smolin Alexey Yu. , Dimaki Andrey V. , Eremina Galina M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMethods of particles are now recognized as an effective tool for numerical modeling of dynamic mechanical and coupled processes in solids and liquids. This chapter is devoted to a brief review of recent advances in the development of the popular particle-based discrete element method (DEM). DEM is conventionally considered as a highly specialized technique for modeling the flow of granular media and the fracture of brittle materials at micro- and mesoscopic scales. However, in the last decade, great progress has been made in the development of the formalism of this method. It is largely associated with the works of the scientific group of Professor S. G. Psakhie. The most important achievement of this group is a generalized formulation of the method of homogeneously deformable discrete elements. In the chapter, we describe keystones of this implementation of DEM and a universal approach that allows one to apply various rheological models of materials (including coupled models of porous fluid-saturated solids) to a discrete element. The new formalism makes possible qualitative expansion of the scope of application of the particle-based discrete element technique to materials with various rheological properties and to the range of considered scales form microscopic to macroscopic. The capabilities of this method are especially in demand in the study of the features of contact interaction of materials. To demonstrate these capabilities, we briefly review two recent applications concerning (a) the effect of adhesive interaction on the regime of wear of surface asperities under tangential contact of bodies and (b) the nonmonotonic dependence of the stress concentration in the neck of the human femur on the dynamics of hip joint contact loading.
Study of Dynamics of Block-Media in the Framework of Minimalistic Numerical Models
Authors: Filippov Alexander E. , Popov Valentin L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the principal methods of preventing large earthquakes is stimulation of a large series of small events. The result is a transfer of the rapid tectonic dynamics in a creep mode. In this chapter, we discuss possibilities for such a transfer in the framework of simplified models of a subduction zone. The proposed model describes well the basic characteristic features of geo-medium behavior, in particular, statistics of earthquakes (Gutenberg Richter and Omori laws). Its analysis shows that local relatively low-energy impacts can switch block dynamics from stick–slip to creep mode. Thus, it is possible to change the statistics of seismic energy release by means of a series of local, periodic, and relatively low energy impacts. This means a principal possibility of “suppressing” strong earthquakes. Additionally, a modified version of the Burridge-Knopoff model including a simple model for state dependent friction force is derived and studied. The friction model describes a velocity weakening of friction between moving blocks and an increase of static friction during stick periods. It provides a simplified but qualitatively correct stability diagram for the transition from smooth sliding to a stick–slip behavior as observed in various tribological systems. Attractor properties of the model dynamic equations were studied under a broad range of parameters for one- and two-dimensional systems.
Transforming Society Through Pilot and Demonstration Projects
Authors: Ryghaug Marianne , Skjølsvold Tomas Moe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter introduces pilot and demonstration projects as a key mode of innovation within contemporary energy and mobility transitions. It argues that such projects are important political sites for the production of future socio-technical order. The politics of such projects are contested: on the one hand, they have been argued to remove political agency from deliberative fora in favour of private decisions, on the other hand they have been argued to constitute new democratic opportunities. This chapter situates a discussion on these issues within Science and Technology Studies (STS). The chapter further discusses the relationship between STS and some of the currently dominating approaches to sustainability transitions and argues how STS can bring new insights to the study of energy transitions and societal change. The chapter also provides basic insights into some key social and technical aspects of current energy and mobility transitions.
Catering for Socio-technical Transformations: Rethinking Technology Policy for Inclusive Transformation
Authors: Ryghaug Marianne , Skjølsvold Tomas Moe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter zooms out from looking at concrete pilot projects to looking more broadly at the implications of discussions on pilot projects as sites of politics. We discuss how such a perspective might feed into the work of innovators, funding bodies and the making of broader technology policy agendas. The chapter highlights the great potential in pilot projects as a mode of innovation for energy transitions, but bring to the fore the way such innovation activities often take on traditional and technology-centred characteristics. We argue that there is a need to change not only the ways that projects are funded to ensure diverse scientific participation. It is equally important to challenge the underlying assumptions and questions asked in pilot activities, as well as the goals of such energy transition activities. This entails a distributed agenda, where actors across the ecology of innovation share responsibilities for moving towards more just, democratic and humane modes of experimenting for sustainability.
Introduction to Antimicrobial Resistance and the Maternal Sepsis Intervention
Authors: Ackers Louise , Ackers-Johnson Gavin , Welsh Joanne , Kibombo Daniel , Opio Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes the threat to global health and security caused by the growing resistance of infectious organisms to antibiotics or antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Growing global connectivity ensures that AMR is a threat to us all wherever we are and with specific impacts on Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). The chapter outlines international responses to AMR including the Global Action Plan and the impact this has had on one LMIC; Uganda. It then introduces a recent UK funding call focused on improving the management of antibiotics or ‘Antimicrobial Stewardship’.
Task Shifting, Midwifery Empowerment and the Nascence of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: Ackers Louise , Ackers-Johnson Gavin , Welsh Joanne , Kibombo Daniel , Opio Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter addresses the role that the intervention has played in shaping professional engagement within the multi-disciplinary team. The existence of laboratory results has triggered the emergence of clinical pharmacy roles. The chapter traces the impact of this on prescribing behaviour and on procurement planning and hospital policies. Whilst celebrating the progress made and viability of the model, it describes the structural impact that access to antibiotics and IPC supplies has on the realisation of optimal change.
Change Processes: Multi-Disciplinary Teamwork
Authors: Ackers Louise , Ackers-Johnson Gavin , Welsh Joanne , Kibombo Daniel , Opio Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the importance of multi-disciplinary team-working to the management of antimicrobial stewardship and behaviour change processes. MDT has played a major role in improving communication and reducing professional boundaries that had previously contributed to high levels of infection; extended use of, often inappropriate antibiotics and poor patient outcomes. The functioning of such teams facilitates the role of clinical pharmacy.
Eine nachhaltige Sicherheitskultur als Transformationsansatz für Industrie 4.0 in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen
Authors: Digmayer Claas , Jakobs Eva-Maria , Borg Anna , Buschmeyer Achim , Hahn Cornelia , Kluge Johanna , Reinartz Jonathan , Westerbarkey Jan , Ziefle Martina 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag beschreibt einen Transformationsansatz, der kleinere und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) auf dem Weg zu Industrie 4.0 bei der Entwicklung einer digitalen Sicherheitskultur durch ein strukturiertes Vorgehensmodell sowie geeignete Strategien (Anforderungs-Analyse, Ist-Analyse, Identifikation von Nutzenpotentialen, Entwicklung von Umsetzungsinstrumenten) unterstützt. Der Transformationsansatz erweitert die eher technisch orientierten Herangehensweisen der Arbeitssicherheit, indem ein präventiv und partizipativ erarbeitetes Sicherheitskulturkonzept in den Unternehmen implementiert wird. Dabei werden etablierte Instrumente und Vorgehensmodelle des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes (AGS) erweitert und an die neuen Anforderungen der digitalisierten Arbeitswelt angepasst. KMU werden so befähigt, neue Anforderungen im AGS durch flexible Lösungen zu bewältigen sowie ein passgenaues Sicherheitskulturkonzept für Industrie 4.0 zu entwickeln und zu etablieren. In diesem Beitrag werden die dazu notwendigen Schritt aufgezeigt und anhand von Praxisbeispielen veranschaulicht. Der Beitrag schließt mit den wichtigsten Befunden (Lessons learned) bei der Etablierung einer Sicherheitskultur für Industrie 4.0.
Informatorische Assistenzsysteme in der variantenreichen manuellen Montage
Authors: Bläsing Dominic , Bornewasser Manfred , Bendzioch Sven , Hinrichsen Sven , Nikolenko Alexander , Sehr Philip 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Komplexität von manuellen Montageprozessen wirft in Unternehmen die Frage auf, wie die damit verbundenen Anforderungen an die Verarbeitung größerer Informationsmengen und die damit einhergehenden Zuwächse an kognitiven Beanspruchungen infolge zunehmender Unsicherheit seitens der Beschäftigten zu bewältigen sind. Eine Antwort hierauf liegt in der Integration von informatorischen Assistenzsystemen in bestehende Montagesysteme. Erklärtes Ziel solcher Assistenzsysteme ist die informatorische Unterstützung der Beschäftigten in der Form, dass in der Summe eine kognitive Entlastung erfolgt, die zu weniger Zeitverlusten und Montagefehlern und damit zu einer höheren Produktqualität führt. Dies setzt voraus, dass informatorische Assistenzsysteme nach kognitiv-ergonomischen Gesichtspunkten gestaltet sind und ihr Einsatz durch eine möglichst objektive Erfassung von kognitiven Beanspruchungen vor Ort am konkreten Arbeitsplatz begleitet wird.
Pretreatment central quality control for craniospinal irradiation in non-metastatic medulloblastoma
Authors: Dietzsch Stefan , Braesigk Annett , Seidel Clemens , Remmele Julia , Kitzing Ralf , Schlender Tina , Mynarek Martin , Geismar Dirk , Jablonska Karolina , Schwarz Rudolf , Pazos Montserrat , Walser Marc , Frick Silke , Gurtner Kristin , Matuschek Christiane , Harrabi Semi Ben , Glück Albrecht , Lewitzki Victor , Dieckmann Karin , Benesch Martin , Gerber Nicolas U. , Rutkowski Stefan , Timmermann Beate , Kortmann Rolf-Dieter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Several studies have demonstrated the negative impact of radiotherapy protocol deviations on tumor control in medulloblastoma. In the SIOP PNET5 MB trial, a pretreatment radiotherapy quality control (RT-QC) program was introduced. A first analysis for patients enrolled in Germany, Switzerland and Austria with focus on types of deviations in the initial plan proposals and review criteria for modern radiation technologies was performed.

Methods and patients
Sixty-nine craniospinal irradiation (CSI) plans were available for detailed analyses. RT-QC was performed according to protocol definitions on dose uniformity. Because of the lack of definitions for high-precision 3D conformal radiotherapy within the protocol, additional criteria for RT-QC on delineation and coverage of clinical target volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV) were defined and evaluated.

Results
Target volume (CTV/PTV) deviations occurred in 49.3% of initial CSI plan proposals (33.3% minor, 15.9% major). Dose uniformity deviations were less frequent (43.5%). Modification of the RT plan was recommended in 43.5% of CSI plans. Unacceptable RT plans were predominantly related to incorrect target delineation rather than dose uniformity. Unacceptable plans were negatively correlated to the number of enrolled patients per institution with a cutoff of 5 patients (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
This prospective pretreatment individual case review study revealed a high rate of deviations and emphasizes the strong need of pretreatment RT-QC in clinical trials for medulloblastoma. Furthermore, the experiences point out the necessity of new RT-QC criteria for high-precision CSI techniques.
Upconverting nanoparticle reporter–based highly sensitive rapid lateral flow immunoassay for hepatitis B virus surface antigen
Authors: Martiskainen Iida , Talha Sheikh M. , Vuorenpää Karoliina , Salminen Teppo , Juntunen Etvi , Chattopadhyay Souvick , Kumar Dinesh , Vuorinen Tytti , Pettersson Kim , Khanna Navin , Batra Gaurav 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDetection of hepatitis B Virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is an established method for diagnosing both acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In addition to enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are available for the detection of HBsAg in resource-poor settings. However, the available RDTs have inadequate sensitivity and therefore are not suitable for diagnosis of patients with low levels of HBsAg and for blood screening. To provide a high-sensitivity RDT, we developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for HBsAg utilizing upconverting nanoparticle (UCNP) reporter. The UCNP-LFIA can use whole blood, serum, or plasma and the results can be read in 30 min using a reader device. When compared with a commercial conventional visually read LFIA, the developed UCNP-LFIA had a Limit of Detection (LoD) of 0.1 IU HBsAg/ml in spiked serum, whereas the LoD of the conventional LFIA was 3.2 IU HBsAg/ml. The developed UCNP-LFIA fulfills the WHO criterion for blood screening (LoD ≤ 0.13 IU HBsAg/ml) in terms of LoD. The UCNP-LFIA and conventional LFIA were evaluated with well-characterized sample panels. The UCNP-LFIA detected 20/24 HBsAg-positive samples within the HBsAg Performance Panel and 8/10 samples within the Mixed Titer Performance Panel, whereas the conventional LFIA detected 8/24 and 4/10 samples in these panels, respectively. The performance of the assays was further evaluated with HBsAg-positive (n = 108) and HBsAg-negative (n = 315) patient samples. In comparison with a central laboratory test, UCNP-LFIA showed 95.4% (95% CI: 89.5–98.5%) sensitivity whereas sensitivity of the conventional LFIA was 87.7% (95%CI: 79.9–93.3%).
Distinct clinical and biological characteristics of acute myeloid leukemia with higher expression of long noncoding RNA KIAA0125
Authors: Wang Yu-Hung , Lin Chien-Chin , Hsu Chia-Lang , Hung Sheng-Yu , Yao Chi-Yuan , Lee Sze-Hwei , Tsai Cheng-Hong , Hou Hsin-An , Chou Wen-Chien , Tien Hwei-Fang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExpression of long non-coding RNA KIAA0125 has been incorporated in various gene expression signatures for prognostic prediction in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, yet its functions and clinical significance remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and biological characteristics of AML bearing different levels of KIAA0125. We profiled KIAA0125 expression levels in bone marrow cells from 347 de novo AML patients and found higher KIAA0125 expression was closely associated with RUNX1 mutation, but inversely correlated with t(8;21) and t(15;17) karyotypes. Among the 227 patients who received standard chemotherapy, those with higher KIAA0125 expression had a lower complete remission rate, shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than those with lower expression. The prognostic significance was validated in both TCGA and GSE12417 cohorts. Subgroup analyses showed that higher KIAA0125 expression also predicted shorter DFS and OS in patients with normal karyotype or non-M3 AML. In multivariable analysis, higher KIAA0125 expression remained an adverse risk factor independent of age, WBC counts, karyotypes, and mutation patterns. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that higher KIAA0125 expression was associated with hematopoietic and leukemic stem cell signatures and ATP-binding cassette transporters, two predisposing factors for chemoresistance.
Bacterial Communities of Ballan Wrasse (Labrus bergylta) Eggs at a Commercial Marine Hatchery
Authors: Bone Aileen , Bekaert Michaël , Papadopoulou Athina , McMillan Stuart , Adams Alexandra , Davie Andrew , Desbois Andrew P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBallan wrasse (Labrus bergylta, Ascanius 1767) are cleaner fish cultured in northern Europe to remove sea lice from farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus 1758). Despite increasing appreciation for the importance of the microbiota on the phenotypes of vertebrates including teleosts, the microbiota of wrasse eggs has yet to be described. Therefore, the aim of this present study was to describe the bacterial component of the microbiota of ballan wrasse eggs shortly after spawning and at 5 days, once the eggs had undergone a routine incubation protocol that included surface disinfection steps in a common holding tank. Triplicate egg samples were collected from each of three spawning tanks and analysis of16S rRNAgene sequences revealed that 88.6% of reads could be identified to 186 taxonomic families. At Day 0, reads corresponding to members of the Vibrionaceae, Colwelliaceae and Rubritaleaceae families were detected at greatest relative abundances. Bacterial communities of eggs varied more greatly between tanks than between samples deriving from the same tank. At Day 5, there was a consistent reduction in16S rRNAgene sequence richness across the tanks. Even though the eggs from the different tanks were incubated in a common holding tank, the bacterial communities of the eggs from the different tanks had diverged to become increasingly dissimilar. This suggests that the disinfection and incubation exerted differential effects of the microbiota of the eggs from each tank and that the influence of the tank water on the composition of the egg microbiota was lower than expected. This first comprehensive description of the ballan wrasse egg bacterial community is an initial step to understand the role and function of the microbiota on the phenotype of this fish. In future, mass DNA sequencing methods may be applied in hatcheries to screen for pathogens and as a tool to assess the health status of eggs.
Is working in a cold environment associated with musculoskeletal complaints 7–8 years later? A longitudinal analysis from the Tromsø Study
Authors: Farbu Erlend Hoftun , Höper Anje Christina , Brenn Tormod , Skandfer Morten 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
Exposure to a cold environment at work is associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and chronic pain in cross-sectional studies. This study aims to determine the association between working in a cold environment ≥ 25% of the time and musculoskeletal complaints (MSC) 7–8 years later.

Methods
We followed participants from the sixth survey (Tromsø 6, 2007–2008) to the seventh survey (Tromsø 7, 2015–2016) of the Tromsø Study. Analyses included 2347 men and women aged 32–60 years who were not retired and not receiving full-time disability benefits in Tromsø 6. Three different binary outcomes were investigated in Tromsø 7: any MSC, severe MSC, and MSC in ≥ 3 anatomical regions. We excluded participants with severe MSC, MSC in ≥ 3 regions, or missing values in Tromsø 6. The association between working in a cold environment and future MSC were examined using Poisson regression and adjusted for age, sex, number of moderate MSC, education, physical activity at work, smoking status, body mass index, and self-reported health in Tromsø 6.

Results
258 participants reported to work in a cold environment ≥ 25% of the time in Tromsø 6. They had an increased risk of having any MSC in Tromsø 7 (incidence rate ratio 1.15; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.29). There was no significantly increased risk of severe MSC or MSC in ≥ 3 regions.

Conclusion
Working in a cold environment was associated with future MSC, but not with future severe MSC or future MSC in ≥ 3 regions.
Matching Cut in Graphs with Large Minimum Degree
Authors: Chen Chi-Yeh , Hsieh Sun-Yuan , Le Hoang-Oanh , Le Van Bang , Peng Sheng-Lung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a graph, a matching cut is an edge cut that is a matching. Matching Cut is the problem of deciding whether or not a given graph has a matching cut, which is known to be $${\mathsf {NP}}$$
NP
-complete. While Matching Cut is trivial for graphs with minimum degree at most one, it is $${\mathsf {NP}}$$
NP
-complete on graphs with minimum degree two. In this paper, we show that, for any given constant $$c>1$$

c
>
1

, Matching Cut is $${\mathsf {NP}}$$
NP
-complete in the class of graphs with minimum degree c and this restriction of Matching Cut has no subexponential-time algorithm in the number of vertices unless the Exponential-Time Hypothesis fails. We also show that, for any given constant $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

, Matching Cut remains $${\mathsf {NP}}$$
NP
-complete in the class of n-vertex (bipartite) graphs with unbounded minimum degree $$\delta >n^{1-\epsilon }$$

δ
>

n

1
-
ϵ

. We give an exact branching algorithm to solve Matching Cut for graphs with minimum degree $$\delta \ge 3$$

δ
≥
3

in $$O^*(\lambda ^n)$$

O
∗

(

λ
n

)

time, where $$\lambda$$
λ
is the positive root of the polynomial $$x^{\delta +1}-x^{\delta }-1$$

x

δ
+
1

-

x
δ

-
1

. Despite the hardness results, this is a very fast exact exponential-time algorithm for Matching Cut on graphs with large minimum degree; for instance, the running time is $$O^*(1.0099^n)$$

O
∗

(
1
.

0099
n

)

on graphs with minimum degree $$\delta \ge 469$$

δ
≥
469

. Complementing our hardness results, we show that, for any two fixed constants $$1< c <4$$

1
<
c
<
4

and $$c^{\prime }\ge 0$$

c
′

≥
0

, Matching Cut is solvable in polynomial time for graphs with large minimum degree $$\delta \ge \frac{1}{c}n-c^{\prime }$$

δ
≥

1
c

n
-

c
′

.