bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) on medicinal plants in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Yu-Wei , Chou Pei-Yi , Hou Hsin-Yu , Kirschner Roland 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack of knowledge of their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records of these fungi in Taiwan originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since powdery mildews in tropical/subtropical environments rarely develop the sexual stages with morphologically diagnostic characteristics, internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA genes obtained from the asexual stages have become important modern tools for species identification.

Results
Powdery mildews on medicinal plants from educational and ornamental plantations in Taiwan were identified based on the anamorph morphology and ITS sequences. Four powdery mildews on medicinal plants are new records for Taiwan, Arthrocladiella mougeotii on Lycium chinense, Erysiphe glycines on Pueraria lobata, Erysiphe lespedezae on Bauhinia sp., Desmodium caudatum, and Uraria crinita, and E. lonicerae on Lonicera japonica. Eryngium foetidum is a new host for Erysiphe heraclei hitherto known on other host plants in Taiwan. Eryngium foetidum and Uraria crinita are new host plants for powdery mildews worldwide. Only specific field collection of the pathogens yielded the new records, not checking plant specimens in a phanerogam herbarium. The pathogens did not cause death of the host plants, but appeared to enhance stress by infection of mature leaves.

Conclusions
Taxonomic study of powdery mildews in Taiwan results into new host records of economically important medicinal plants in Taiwan with potential consequences for plant production and quarantine and also shows that host records are quite incomplete worldwide. Although ITS sequences were useful for species identification, the lack of data for several species on the same host genus on the one hand and the low variation between closely related species on the other indicate the need for further study.
Fully digital PET is unaffected by any deterioration in TOF resolution and TOF image quality in the wide range of routine PET count rates
Authors: Salvadori Julien , Odille Freddy , Karcher Gilles , Marie Pierre-Yves , Imbert Laetitia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Digital PET involving silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) provides an enhanced time-of-flight (TOF) resolution as compared with photomultiplier (PMT)-based PET, but also a better prevention of the count-related rises in dead time and pile-up effects mainly due to smaller trigger domains (i.e., the detection surfaces associated with each trigger circuit). This study aimed to determine whether this latter property could help prevent against deteriorations in TOF resolution and TOF image quality in the wide range of PET count rates documented in clinical routine.

Methods
Variations, according to count rates, in timing resolution and in TOF-related enhancement of the quality of phantom images were compared between the first fully digital PET (Vereos) and a PMT-based PET (Ingenuity). Single-count rate values were additionally extracted from the list-mode data of routine analog- and digital-PET exams at each 500-ms interval, in order to determine the ranges of routine PET count rates.

Results
Routine PET count rates were lower for the Vereos than for the Ingenuity. For Ingenuity, the upper limits were estimated at approximately 21.7 and 33.2 Mcps after injection of respectively 3 and 5 MBq.kg-1 of current 18F-labeled tracers. At 5.8 Mcps, corresponding to the lower limit of the routine count rates documented with the Ingenuity, timing resolutions provided by the scatter phantom were 326 and 621 ps for Vereos and Ingenuity, respectively. At higher count rates, timing resolution was remarkably stable for Vereos but exhibited a progressive deterioration for Ingenuity, respectively reaching 732 and 847 ps at the upper limits of 21.7 and 33.2 Mcps. The averaged TOF-related gain in signal/noise ratio was stable at approximately 2 for Vereos but decreased from 1.36 at 5.8 Mcps to 1.14 and 1.00 at respectively 21.7 and 33.2 Mcps for Ingenuity.

Conclusion
Contrary to the Ingenuity PMT-based PET, the Vereos fully digital PET is unaffected by any deterioration in TOF resolution and consequently, in the quality of TOF images, in the wide range of routine PET count rates. This advantage is even more striking with higher count-rates for which the preferential use of digital PET should be further recommended (i.e., dynamic PET recording, higher injected activities).
Organic mulching promotes soil organic carbon accumulation to deep soil layer in an urban plantation forest
Authors: Sun Xiaodan , Wang Gang , Ma Qingxu , Liao Jiahui , Wang Dong , Guan Qingwei , Jones Davey L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for soil quality and fertility in forest ecosystems. Labile SOC fractions are sensitive to environmental changes, which reflect the impact of short-term internal and external management measures on the soil carbon pool. Organic mulching (OM) alters the soil environment and promotes plant growth. However, little is known about the responses of SOC fractions in rhizosphere or bulk soil to OM in urban forests and its correlation with carbon composition in plants.

Methods
A one-year field experiment with four treatments (OM at 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm thicknesses) was conducted in a 15-year-old Ligustrum lucidum plantation. Changes in the SOC fractions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil; the carbon content in the plant fine roots, leaves, and organic mulch; and several soil physicochemical properties were measured. The relationships between SOC fractions and the measured variables were analysed.

Results
The OM treatments had no significant effect on the SOC fractions, except for the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). OM promoted the movement of SOC to deeper soil because of the increased carbon content in fine roots of subsoil. There were significant correlations between DOC and microbial biomass carbon and SOC and easily oxidised organic carbon. The OM had a greater effect on organic carbon fractions in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. The thinnest (5 cm) mulching layers showed the most rapid carbon decomposition over time. The time after OM had the greatest effect on the SOC fractions, followed by soil layer.

Conclusions
The frequent addition of small amounts of organic mulch increased SOC accumulation in the present study. OM is a potential management model to enhance soil organic matter storage for maintaining urban forest productivity.
Urgent intraoperative endovascular stent placement to resolve acute hepatic or portal venous obstruction during liver surgery: a case series
Authors: Kato Yutaro , Sugioka Atsushi , Kojima Masayuki , Yoshikawa Junichi , Tanahashi Yoshinao , Nakajima Sanae , Yasuda Akira , Kiguchi Gozo , Uchida Yuichiro , Yasui Toshihiro , Suzuki Tatsuya , Akamatsu Hokuto , Hanaoka Ryota , Nagata Hiroyuki , Kato Ryoichi , Uyama Ichiro 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute obstruction of the hepatic vein (HV) or the portal vein (PV), particularly when it occurs during liver surgery, is potentially fatal unless repaired swiftly. As surgical interventions for this problem are technically demanding and potentially unsuccessful, other treatment options are needed.

Case presentation
We report two cases of acute, surgically uncorrectable HV or PV obstruction during liver resection or living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), which was successfully treated with urgent intraoperative placement of endovascular stents using interventional radiology (IVR). In Case 1, a patient with colonic liver metastases underwent a non-anatomic partial hepatectomy of the segments 4 and 8 with middle hepatic vein (MHV) resection. Additionally, the patient underwent an extended right posterior sectionectomy with right hepatic vein (RHV) resection for tumors involving RHV. Reconstruction of the MHV was needed to avoid HV congestion of the anterior section of the liver. The MHV was firstly reconstructed by an end-to-end anastomosis between the MHV and RHV resected stumps. However, the reconstruction failed to retain the HV outflow and the anterior section became congested. Serial trials of surgical revisions including re-anastomosis, vein graft interposition and vein graft patch-plasty on the anastomotic wall failed to recover the HV outflow. In Case 2, a pediatric patient with biliary atresia underwent an LDLT and developed an intractable PV obstruction during surgery. Re-anastomosis with vein graft interposition failed to restore the PV flow and elongated warm ischemic time became critical. In both cases, the misalignment in HV or PV reconstruction was likely to have caused flow obstruction, and various types of surgical interventions failed to recover the venous flow. In both cases, an urgent IVR-directed placement of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) restored the HV or PV perfusion quickly and effectively, and saved the patients from developing critical conditions. Furthermore, in Cases 1 and 2, the SEMS placed were patent for a sufficient period of time (32 and 44 months, respectively).

Conclusions
The IVR-directed, urgent, intraoperative endovascular stenting is a safe and efficient treatment tool that serves to resolve the potentially fatal acute HV or PV obstruction that occurs in the middle of liver surgery.
Process evaluation of a randomised pilot trial of home-based rehabilitation compared to usual care in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and their caregiver’s
Authors:   on behalf of the REACH-HF research group, Smith Karen , Lang Chim , Wingham Jennifer , Frost Julia , Greaves Colin , Abraham Charles , Warren Fiona C. , Coyle Joanne , Jolly Kate , Miles Jackie , Paul Kevin , Doherty Patrick J. , Davies Russell , Dalal Hasnain , Taylor Rod S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Whilst almost 50% of heart failure (HF) patients have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), evidence-based treatment options for this patient group remain limited. However, there is growing evidence of the potential value of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. This study reports the process evaluation of the Rehabilitation Enablement in Chronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) intervention for HFpEF patients and their caregivers conducted as part of the REACH-HFpEF pilot trial.

Methods
Process evaluation sub-study parallels to a single-centre (Tayside, Scotland) randomised controlled pilot trial with qualitative assessment of both intervention fidelity delivery and HFpEF patients’ and caregivers’ experiences. The REACH-HF intervention consisted of self-help manual for patients and caregivers, facilitated over 12 weeks by trained healthcare professionals. Interviews were conducted following completion of intervention in a purposeful sample of 15 HFpEF patients and seven caregivers.

Results
Qualitative information from the facilitator interactions and interviews identified three key themes for patients and caregivers: (1) understanding their condition, (2) emotional consequences of HF, and (3) responses to the REACH-HF intervention. Fidelity analysis found the interventions to be delivered adequately with scope for improvement in caregiver engagement. The differing professional backgrounds of REACH-HF facilitators in this study demonstrate the possibility of delivery of the intervention by healthcare staff with expertise in HF, cardiac rehabilitation, or both.

Conclusions
The REACH-HF home-based facilitated intervention for HFpEF appears to be a feasible and a well-accepted model for the delivery of rehabilitation, with the potential to address key unmet needs of patients and their caregivers who are often excluded from HF and current cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Results of this study will inform a recently funded full multicentre randomised clinical trial.

Trial registration
ISRCTN78539530 (date of registration 7 July 2015).
Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy with reused single-use devices: a 13-year retrospective study
Authors: Silpa-archa Sukhum , Kumsiang Kwanchanoke , Preble Janine M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
To describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with recycled single-use devices. The recommended sterilization process as well as safety measures are discussed.

Methods
Medical charts of patients who developed endophthalmitis after PPV were retrospectively reviewed and reported in a descriptive manner. Cases undergoing PPV for preexisting endophthalmitis or open globe injury were excluded. Data collection included patient demographics, operative details, ocular findings, microbiological profiles, treatment modalities, and visual outcomes.

Results
Over the past thirteen years, a total of 12,989 pars plana vitrectomy operations were included. In total, 13 eyes of 13 cases (0.10%) experienced endophthalmitis after vitrectomy. These occurred in 3 cases (0.11%) using 20-gauge vitrectomy compared to 8 cases (0.09%) using 23-gauge vitrectomy and 2 cases (0.18%) using 25-gauge vitrectomy. There were no statistically significant differences between the 20-gauge and microincisional vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) group (P = 0.64), and the 23- and 25-gauge approach (P = 0.34). Causative pathogens were positive by culture in 5 cases (45%): 3 g-positive cases, 1 g-negative case, and 1 fungus case.

Conclusions
The rate of endophthalmitis in patients who underwent 23-gauge PPV was comparable to those who underwent 25-gauge PPV. With our standardized protocol for instrument sterilization, endophthalmitis rates in those undergoing PPV using recycled single-use instruments were within the range of previously published results in which vitrectomy tools were disposed of after one use.
Prevalence, patterns and correlates of smokeless tobacco use in Nigerian adults: An analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Authors: Onoh Ikenna , Owopetu Oluwatomi , Olorukooba Abdulhakeem Abayomi , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Dahiru Tukur , Balogun Muhammad Shakir 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
The global tobacco epidemic contributes to more than 8 million deaths annually. However, most tobacco control interventions have been driven by an emphasis on smoked tobacco. Globally and more so in Nigeria, less attention has been paid to the similarly harmful smokeless tobacco (SLT) whose use appeals to a different demography. We examined the prevalence, patterns of use and correlates of SLT in Nigerian adults to guide targeted control efforts.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2012 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data. We obtained data on 9,765 non-institutionalised adults aged 15 years and older. Variables included current SLT use, sociodemographic characteristics and perceived harm of SLT use. We used Chi-square test to examine associations and binary logistic regression to assess predictors of current SLT use. All analyses were conducted with sample-weighted data.

Results
The prevalence of current SLT use was 1.9% of all adults. About 1.4% were daily users. The main types were snuff by nose (1.6%) and snuff by mouth (0.8%). There were higher odds of current SLT use for those in the South-East region (aOR = 13.99; 95% CI: 4.45–43.95), rural area residents (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.04–2.35), males (aOR = 4.43; 95% CI: 2.75–7.11), the 45–64 years age-group (aOR = 10.00; 95% CI: 4.12–24.29), those with no formal education (aOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.01–7.05), and those with no perception of harm from SLT use (aOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.61–5.56).

Conclusion
The prevalence of SLT use among Nigerian adults was low with clearly identified predictors. While a majority were aware of harm from SLT use, an unacceptably high proportion remain unaware. We recommended targeted interventions to increase awareness of the harmful effects of SLT use especially among residents of the South-East, those in rural areas, males, and individuals with no formal education. We also recommended a follow-up survey.
Torzuló valóság a virtuális térben. Az álhírek és veszélyei
Authors: Horváth Gábor Barnabás 
Published: January 2021

Egyéni kutatómunka és a Political Capital jóvoltából szervezett képzésen való részvétel után tavaly kezdtem el előadásokat és workshopokat tartani egyetemistáknak és középiskolásoknak arról, hogyan védekezhetnek a hamis hirdetések ellen, kerülhetik el az átveréseket és lehetnek tudatosabb, tényközpontú hírolvasók. A mindennapi életben egyre inkább tapasztalható, hogy az álhírek befolyásolják életünket és komoly szerepük van a politikában. Az online térben terjedő álhírek és összeesküvés-elméletek veszélyeire, okaira igyekszem felhívni a figyelmet. A gyakorlatban alkalmazható szempontok mindenki számára hasznosak lehetnek, akik még korábban nem találkoztak a témával. Ajánlom a tanulmányt pedagógusoknak, könyvtárosoknak a téma oktatásával, kutatásával foglalkozóknak.
Burnout Syndrome Amongst Medicine Students in Lithuania and Germany
Authors: Rudinskaitė Ieva , Mačiūtė Eglė , Gudžiūnaitė Giedrė , Gerulaitytė Greta 
Published: January 2021

Background. The research provides comparative analysis of the burnout syndrome among medical students in Lithuania and Germany and determines relations between burnout and lifestyle, health complaints and seeking for psychological help.Materials and methods. The research was conducted in April 2019 using an anonymous self-administered e-based questionnaire. The sample size was 261 medical students (age mean 20,5 ± 1,8, 46 males, 215 females): 131 from Vilnius University (VU), 67 from Lithuanian University of Health Science (LSMU) and 63 from Heidelberg University (HU), Germany. The 15 items MBI-SS scale was used to identify burnout syndrome among students (Cronbach α =0,74). Emotional exhaustion (>14), cynicism (>6), and professional efficacy (<23) scores were calculated for academic burnout. The participants were also asked additional questions related to lifestyle and well-being. Descriptive statistics were analysed using MS Office Excel, SPSS and R Commander, results were statistically significant when p<0,05.Results. 51 (38,9%) VU, 25 (37,3%) LSMU and 10 (15,9%) HU students were ascertained as burnt-out (p=0,004). 76 (90,6%) respondents complained of feeling study induced mental stress (p=0,0002). Furthermore, 67 (77,9%) respondents indicated having a bad mood (p=0,043), 54 (62,7%) general weakness (p=0,024), 44 (51,1%) digestive problems (p=0,003). Sleep duration was strongly associated with burnout (p=0,002) with over half (n=51, 59,3%) of the burnout respondents sleeping <7 hours a day. 87 (33,3%) students considered consulting a psychologist, but only 24 (9,2%) reached out for help.Conclusions. More than 1/3 of medical students in the research group had signs of burnout. The highest prevalence of burnout was among VU and lowest among HU students. Burnt-out respondents complained of mental stress, weakness, bad mood, digestive problems. The university studies and the duration of sleep can impact the occurrence of burnout syndrome. Only every forth student, willing to consult a psychologist, sought assistance.
A ritmikai szinkronizáció kapcsolata a fonológiai tudatossággal és az olvasással iskolakezdő gyerekeknél
Authors: Kertész Csaba , F. Földi Rita , Honbolygó Ferenc 
Published: January 2021

A ritmikai és a nyelvi, illetve olvasási képességek közötti kapcsolatot a gyakorlati megfi gyeléseken túl számos kutatás eredménye látszik alátámasztani, ugyanakkor a magyar anyanyelvű gyerekeket vizsgáló munkák száma ez idáig csekély. 39 tipikus első osztályos (6–7 éves) tanuló vizsgálatára került sor a tanév kezdetekor egy digitális, gyermekek számára kialakított ritmikai szinkronizációt és spontán motoros tempót mérő teszt, valamint egy ritmusreprodukciós feladatsor segítségével. A tanév végén felmértük a gyerekeket a fonológiai tudatosság, valamint a szóolvasás területein. Az olvasás színvonala és a fonológiai tudatosság is szignifi káns kapcsolatot mutatott a szinkronizációs és a spontán tempó feladat több mutatójával, ugyanakkor a ritmusreprodukciós feladat nem rendelkezett hasonló prediktív erővel. Bár a minta nagysága messzemenő következtetések levonására nem alkalmas, az eredmények egy irányba mutatnak a külföldi szakirodalomban találhatókkal, és azonkívül, hogy további vizsgálatok szükségességét jelzik, felhívják a fi gyelmet a korai ritmikai fejlesztés fontosságára.
A growing body of research supports the link between rhythmic abilities and the development of language and reading, while investigations carried out with Hungarian speaking children are sparse. The rhythmic abilities of 39 typically developing, 6-7 year old, Hungarian native-speaking children were assessed at the beginning of their fi rst school year in three domains: rhythm reproduction, tapping to a regular musical beat, and unpaced tapping, using a digital test suitable for their age. At the end of the school year, children completed tests of phonological awareness and reading abilities. Both showed signifi cant correlation with several indicators of the tapping tasks. Surprisingly however, rhythm reproduction did not predict either of them. Although the moderate sample size of our present study does not allow far-reaching conclusions, our fi ndings are congruent with previous literature, and in addition to the need for further research, stresses the importance of early rhythmic activities.
Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, as a result of the formed oroantral joint
Authors: Maksimova Nalaliya V. , Dulov Filipp V. , Tkachuk Maksim F. 
Published: January 2021

The article describes clinical research methods as an assessment of the effectiveness of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in operations on the alveolar process of the upper jaw.
Methods.70 patients underwent a tooth extraction operation, complicated by perforation of the Schneider membrane in the period 2018-2019. These patients are conditionally divided into two homologous groups (body weight, gender, age, information from the medical history). Group I (34 patients) is scheduled to prescribe antimicrobial agents as preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. In group II (36 patients), standard seven-day antibiotic therapy was performed.
Results.Infectious and inflammatory complications in group 1 occurred in 5.4% of cases, in group 2 in 6.2% of cases, the difference in the occurrence of infectious and inflammatory complications was 1.2%.
THE SYRIAN WAR AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
Authors: Abo Hamza Eid G. , A. Gharib A. M. Majd , A. Gharib Rami , A. Moustafa Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic distress disorder (PTSD) amongst Syrian whom lived in under the war.
Methodology: The study has utilized a survey to observe the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Syrian people who lived inside Syria during the Syrian conflict The survey uses the PTSD checklist for civilians (PCL-C), which measures both the severity of PTSD and the 3 symptoms of it in accordance with “The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM-IV) that are re-experiencing; avoidance; and hyperarousal. A sample of 600 random Syrian people participated in the current study.

Findings: The PTSD test results show a widespread of the trauma in Syria based on the result of the test as 53percent of the participants had symptoms corresponding to the recommended diagnosis, which is expected due to horrors of war and terrorism-related events.
Implications: Results suggest that it is imperative to provide intervention programs to treat PTSD symptoms among people who live in Syria. The participants' cultural and religious backgrounds should be taken into account in these programs.
The originality of the Study: This Syrian war research has contributed to a spike in symptoms of PTSD and depression among children in Syria.