bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affective states influence emotion perception: evidence for emotional egocentricity
Authors: Trilla Irene , Weigand Anne , Dziobek Isabel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch in social cognition has shown that our own emotional experiences are an important source of information to understand what other people are feeling. The current study investigated whether individuals project their own affective states when reading other’s emotional expressions. We used brief autobiographical recall and audiovisual stimuli to induce happy, neutral and sad transient states. After each emotion induction, participants made emotion judgments about ambiguous faces displaying a mixture of happiness and sadness. Using an adaptive psychophysics procedure, we estimated the tendency to perceive the faces as happy under each of the induced affective states. Results demonstrate the occurrence of egocentric projections, such that faces were more likely judged as happy when participants reported being happy as compared to when they were sad. Moreover, the degree of emotional egocentricity was associated with individual differences in perspective-taking, with smaller biases being observed in individuals with higher disposition to take the perspective of others. Our findings extend previous literature on emotional egocentricity by showing that self-projection occurs when we make emotion attributions based on the other’s emotional expressions, and supports the notion that perspective-taking tendencies play a role in the ability to understand the other’s affective states.
Psychische Beeinträchtigungen infolge erhöhter Belastungen bei Notärzten
Authors: Darius S. , Balkaner B. , Böckelmann I. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Tätigkeit als Notarzt ist mit hohen psychischen und emotionalen Belastungen im Arbeitsalltag verbunden, die zu gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen führen können. Ziel der Studie war es, die Belastungen von Notärzten einerseits und die damit möglicherweise verbundenen psychischen gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen andererseits zu erfassen.

Methodik
An der Studie nahmen 33 Notärzte (14 Frauen, 19 Männer) im Alter von 38,2 ± 7,2 Jahren freiwillig teil. Neben den Belastungsfaktoren wurden gesundheitliche bzw. psychische Beeinträchtigungen mit folgenden standardisierten Fragebögen erfasst: die psychische Gesundheit mit der Kurzversion des General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) und das Burn-out-Risiko mit dem Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Die Rücklaufquote liegt bei 22 %.

Ergebnisse
Als Belastungsfaktoren wurden neben räumlicher Enge im Rettungswagen hauptsächlich Faktoren psychischer Belastung auf kommunikativer sowie organisationaler Ebene des Rettungsdiensts genannt. Psychische gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen wurden von einem Drittel der Studienteilnehmer berichtet, einige Burn-out-Symptome lagen bereits bei 12 Notärzten (37,5 %) vor.

Schlussfolgerung
Aufgrund erhöhter Belastung bei Notärzten ist die psychische Gesundheit bei ihnen gefährdet. Präventive Maßnahmen wie die Verbesserung der Kommunikationsstrukturen sowie der Organisation können sinnvoll sein, um gesundheitliche Beeinträchtigungen zu vermeiden bzw. zumindest einzudämmen.
Sustained improvement in work outcomes in employed patients with rheumatoid arthritis during 2 years of adalimumab therapy: an observational cohort study
Authors: Behrens Frank , Tony Hans-Peter , Koehm Michaela , Schwaneck Eva C. , Gnann Holger , Greger Gerd , Burkhardt Harald , Schmalzing Marc 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term impact of adalimumab therapy on work-related outcomes in employed patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Method
We utilized data from an observational cohort of German patients who initiated adalimumab treatment during routine clinical care. Analyses were based on employed patients (part-time or full-time) who continued adalimumab treatment for 24 months. Major outcomes were self-reported sick leave days in the previous 6 months, absenteeism, presenteeism, and total work productivity impairment as assessed by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire and disease activity assessments. The normal number of sick leave days was based on data from the German Federal Statistical Office.

Results
Of 783 patients, 72.3% were women, mean age was 47.9 years, and mean disease duration was 7.8 years. At baseline (before adalimumab initiation), 42.9% of patients had higher than normal sick leave days (> 5) in the previous 6 months. During 24 months of adalimumab treatment, 61% of patients with higher than normal sick leave days at baseline returned to normal sick leave values (≤ 5 days/6 months). Overall, mean sick leave days/6 months decreased from 14.8 days at baseline to 7.4 days at month 24. Improvements were observed in WPAI assessments and disease activity measures, although presenteeism levels remained high (32.2% at month 24).

Conclusions
Adalimumab treatment was associated with strong and sustained improvements in work-related outcomes in employed patients who continued on adalimumab for 24 months. Presenteeism appears to be the work outcome most resistant to improvement during RA treatment.

Trial registration
NCT01076205

Key Points• Long-term adalimumab therapy was associated with sustained improvements in work outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.• Despite improvements in sick leave days and work absenteeism, presenteeism (impairment while at work) remained relatively high.
Climate resilience of the top ten wheat producers in the Mediterranean and the Middle East
Authors: Zampieri Matteo , Toreti Andrea , Ceglar Andrej , Naumann Gustavo , Turco Marco , Tebaldi Claudia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWheat is the main staple crop and an important commodity in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. These are among the few areas in the world where the climate is suitable for growing durum wheat but also are among the most rapidly warming ones, according to the available scenarios of climate projections. How much food security and market stability in the Mediterranean and the Middle East, both depending on wheat production and its interannual variability, are going to be compromised by global warming is an overarching question. To contribute in addressing it, we use a recently established indicator to quantify crop production climate resilience. We present a methodological framework allowing to compute the annual production resilience indicator from nonstationary time series. We apply this approach on the wheat production of the 10 most important producers in the Mediterranean and the Middle East. Our findings shows that if no adaptation will take place, wheat production reliability in the Mediterranean and the Middle East will be threatened by climate change already at 1.5 °C global warming. Average climate-related wheat production losses will exceed the worst past event even if the 2 °C mitigation target is met. These results call for urgent action on adaptation to climate change and support further efforts for mitigation, fully consistently with the Paris Agreement recommendations.
Escalating environmental summer heat exposure—a future threat for the European workforce
Authors: Casanueva Ana , Kotlarski Sven , Fischer Andreas M. , Flouris Andreas D. , Kjellstrom Tord , Lemke Bruno , Nybo Lars , Schwierz Cornelia , Liniger Mark A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHeat exposure constitutes a major threat for European workers, with significant impacts on the workers’ health and productivity. Climate projections over the next decades show a continuous and accelerated warming over Europe together with longer, more intense and more frequent heatwaves on regional and local scales. In this work, we assess the increased risk in future occupational heat stress levels using the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), an index adopted by the International Standards Organization as regulatory index to measure the heat exposure of working people. Our results show that, in large parts of Europe, future heat exposure will indeed exceed critical levels for physically active humans far more often than in today’s climate, and labour productivity might be largely reduced in southern Europe. European industries should adapt to the projected changes to prevent major consequences for the workers’ health and to preserve economic productivity.
Prioritization in visual working memory enhances memory retention and speeds up processing in a comparison task
Authors: Poth Christian H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVisual working memory retains visual information for controlling behavior. We studied how information in visual working memory is prioritized for being used. In two experiments, participants memorized the stimuli of a memory display for a brief interval, followed by a retro-cue. The retro-cue was either valid, indicating which stimulus from the memory display was relevant (i.e., had priority) in the upcoming comparison with a probe, or was neutral (uninformative). Next, the probe was presented, terminated by a mask, and participants reported whether it matched a stimulus from the memory display. The presentation duration of the probe was varied. Assessing performance as a function of presentation duration allowed to disentangle two components of working memory: memory retention and the speed of processing the probe for the memory-based comparison. Compared with neutral retro-cues, valid retro-cues improved retention and at the same time accelerated processing of the probe. These findings show for the first time that prioritization in working memory impacts on distinct mechanisms: retrospectively, it supports memory retention, and prospectively, it enhances perceptual processing in upcoming comparison tasks.
Rigorous and effective a-posteriori error bounds for nonlinear problems—application to RB methods
Authors: Schmidt Andreas , Wittwar Dominik , Haasdonk Bernard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractQuantifying the error that is induced by numerical approximation techniques is an important task in many fields of applied mathematics. Two characteristic properties of error bounds that are desirable are reliability and efficiency. In this article, we present an error estimation procedure for general nonlinear problems and, in particular, for parameter-dependent problems. With the presented auxiliary linear problem (ALP)-based error bounds and corresponding theoretical results, we can prove large improvements in the accuracy of the error predictions compared with existing error bounds. The application of the procedure in parametric model order reduction setting provides a particularly interesting setup, which is why we focus on the application in the reduced basis framework. Several numerical examples illustrate the performance and accuracy of the proposed method.
$$S^1$$-quotient of Spin(7)-structures
Authors: Fowdar Udhav 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIf aSpin(7)-manifold$$N^8$$N8admits a free$$S^1$$S1action preserving the fundamental 4-form, then the quotient space$$M^7$$M7is naturally endowed with a$$G_2$$G2-structure. We derive equations relating the intrinsic torsion of theSpin(7)-structure to that of the$$G_2$$G2-structure together with the additional data of a Higgs field and the curvature of the$$S^1$$S1-bundle; this can be interpreted as a Gibbons–Hawking-type ansatz forSpin(7)-structures. In particular, we show that ifNis aSpin(7)-manifold, thenMcannot have holonomy contained in$$G_2$$G2unless theNis in fact a Calabi–Yau fourfold andMis the product of a Calabi–Yau threefold and an interval. By inverting this construction, we give examples ofSU(4) holonomy metrics starting from torsion-freeSU(3)-structures. We also derive a new formula for the Ricci curvature ofSpin(7)-structures in terms of the torsion forms. We then describe this$$S^1$$S1-quotient construction in detail on the Bryant–SalamonSpin(7) metric on the spinor bundle of$$S^4$$S4and on flat$$\mathbb {R}^8$$R8.
The use of large animals to facilitate the process of MSC going from laboratory to patient—‘bench to bedside’
Authors: Hotham W. E. , Henson F. M. D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge animal models have been widely used to facilitate the translation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from the laboratory to patient. MSC, with their multi-potent capacity, have been proposed to have therapeutic benefits in a number of pathological conditions. Laboratory studies allow the investigation of cellular and molecular interactions, while small animal models allow initial ‘proof of concept’ experiments. Large animals (dogs, pigs, sheep, goats and horses) are more similar physiologically and structurally to man. These models have allowed clinically relevant assessments of safety, efficacy and dosing of different MSC sources prior to clinical trials. In this review, we recapitulate the use of large animal models to facilitate the use of MSC to treat myocardial infarction—an example of one large animal model being considered the ‘gold standard’ for research and osteoarthritis—an example of the complexities of using different large animal models in a multifactorial disease. These examples show how large animals can provide a research platform that can be used to evaluate the value of cell-based therapies and facilitate the process of ‘bench to bedside’.
Mendel’s laws, Mendelian randomization and causal inference in observational data: substantive and nomenclatural issues
Authors: Davey Smith George , Holmes Michael V. , Davies Neil M. , Ebrahim Shah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe respond to criticisms of Mendelian randomization (MR) by Mukamal, Stampfer and Rimm (MSR). MSR consider that MR is receiving too much attention and should be renamed. We explain how MR links to Mendel’s laws, the origin of the name and our lack of concern regarding nomenclature. We address MSR’s substantive points regarding MR of alcohol and cardiovascular disease, an issue on which they dispute the MR findings. We demonstrate that their strictures with respect to population stratification, confounding, weak instrument bias, pleiotropy and confounding have been addressed, and summarise how the field has advanced in relation to the issues they raise. We agree with MSR that “the hard problem of conducting high-quality, reproducible epidemiology” should be addressed by epidemiologists. However we see more evidence of confrontation of this issue within MR, as opposed to conventional observational epidemiology, within which the same methods that have demonstrably failed in the past are simply rolled out into new areas, leaving their previous failures unexamined.
Exploring with [18F]UCB-H the in vivo Variations in SV2A Expression through the Kainic Acid Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Serrano Maria Elisa , Bahri Mohamed Ali , Becker Guillaume , Seret Alain , Germonpré Charlotte , Lemaire Christian , Giacomelli Fabrice , Mievis Frédéric , Luxen André , Salmon Eric , Rogister Bernard , Raedt Robrecht , Plenevaux Alain 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this study was to understand how the positron emission tomography (PET) measure of the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein varies in vivo during the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in the kainic acid rat model.

Procedures
Twenty Sprague Dawley male rats were administered with multiple systemic doses of saline (control group, n = 5) or kainic acid (5 mg/kg/injection, epileptic group, n = 15). Both groups were scanned at the four phases of TLE (early, latent, transition, and chronic phase) with the [18F]UCB-H PET radiotracer and T2-structural magnetic resonance imaging. At the end of the scans (3 months post-status epilepticus), rats were monitored for 7 days with electroencephalography for the detection of spontaneous electrographic seizures. Finally, the immunofluorescence staining for SV2A expression was performed.

Results
Control rats presented a significant increase in [18F]UCB-H binding at the last two scans, compared with the first ones (p < 0.001). This increase existed but was lower in epileptic animals, producing significant group differences in all the phases of the disease (p < 0.028). Furthermore, the quantification of the SV2A expression in vivo with the [18F]UCB-H radiotracer or ex vivo with immunofluorescence led to equivalent results, with a positive correlation between both.

Conclusions
Even if further studies in humans are required, the ability to detect a progressive decrease in SV2A expression during the development of temporal lobe epilepsy supports the use of [18F]UCB-H as a useful tool to differentiate, in vivo, between healthy and epileptic animals along with the development of the epileptic disease.
Analysis and control of micro-stepping characteristics of ultrasonic motor
Authors: Chen Ning , Zheng Jieji , Jiang Xianliang , Fan Shixun , Fan Dapeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicro-stepping motion of ultrasonic motors satisfies biomedical applications, such as cell operation and nuclear magnetic resonance, which require a precise compact-structure non-magnetization positioning device. When the pulse number is relatively small, the stopping characteristics have a non-negligible effect on the entire stepwise process. However, few studies have been conducted to show the rule of the open-loop stepwise motion, especially the shutdown stage. In this study, the modal differences of the shutdown stage are found connected with amplitude and velocity at the turn-off instant. Changes of the length in the contact area and driving zone as well as the input currents, vibration states, output torque, and axial pressure are derived by a simulation model to further explore the rules. The speed curves and vibration results in functions of different pulse numbers are compared, and the stepwise motion can be described by a two-stage two-order transfer function. A test workbench based on the Field Programmable Gate Array is built for acquiring the speed, currents, and feedback voltages of the startup-shutdown stage accurately with the help of its excellent synchronization performances. Therefore, stator vibration, rotor velocity, and terminal displacements under different pulse numbers can be compared. Moreover, the two-stage two-order model is identified on the stepwise speed curves, and the fitness over 85% between the simulation and test verifies the model availability. Finally, with the optimization of the pulse number, the motor achieves 3.3 µrad in clockwise and counterclockwise direction.
Japanese clinical practice guidelines for vascular anomalies 2017
Authors: Mimura Hidefumi , Akita Sadanori , Fujino Akihiro , Jinnin Masatoshi , Ozaki Mine , Osuga Keigo , Nakaoka Hiroki , Morii Eiichi , Kuramochi Akira , Aoki Yoko , Arai Yasunori , Aramaki Noriko , Inoue Masanori , Iwashina Yuki , Iwanaka Tadashi , Ueno Shigeru , Umezawa Akihiro , Ozeki Michio , Ochi Junko , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Kurita Masakazu , Seike Shien , Takakura Nobuyuki , Takahashi Masataka , Tachibana Takao , Chuman Kumiko , Nagata Shuji , Narushima Mitsunaga , Niimi Yasunari , Nosaka Shunsuke , Nozaki Taiki , Hashimoto Kazuki , Hayashi Ayato , Hirakawa Satoshi , Fujikawa Atsuko , Hori Yumiko , Matsuoka Kentaro , Mori Hideki , Yamamoto Yuki , Yuzuriha Shunsuke , Rikihisa Naoaki , Watanabe Shoji , Watanabe Shinichi , Kuroda Tatsuo , Sugawara Shunsuke , Ishikawa Kosuke , Sasaki Satoru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective was to prepare guidelines to perform the current optimum treatment by organizing effective and efficient treatments of hemangiomas and vascular malformations, confirming the safety, and systematizing treatment, employing evidence-based medicine (EBM) techniques and aimed at improvement of the outcomes. Clinical questions (CQs) were decided based on the important clinical issues. For document retrieval, key words for literature searches were set for each CQ and literature published from 1980 to the end of September 2014 was searched in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina (JCRM). The strengths of evidence and recommendations acquired by systematic reviews were determined following the Medical Information Network Distribution System (MINDS) technique. A total of 33 CQs were used to compile recommendations and the subjects included efficacy of resection, sclerotherapy/embolization, drug therapy, laser therapy, radiotherapy, and other conservative treatment, differences in appropriate treatment due to the location of lesions and among symptoms, appropriate timing of treatment and tests, and pathological diagnosis deciding the diagnosis. Thus, the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vascular Anomalies 2017 have been prepared as the evidence-based guidelines for the management of vascular anomalies.
The Existence of Courts and Parliaments in Regional Organizations: A Case of Democratic Control?
Authors: Jetschke Anja , Münch Sören 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhy do states design regional organizations with courts and parliaments? Is it indeed the case that states establish them because they expect these organs to exert some kind of democratic control over executives? Undoubtedly, this is an important question given that politicians and political scientists alike regularly lament the lack of democratic control of many international organizations. We tackle this question empirically. Based on an original data set of 72 regional organizations and by using simple logistic and ordinal logistic regression analyses, this article tests for the association between domestic regime type and the existence of regional courts and parliaments. These organs were selected because they are associated with dimensions of democracy, namely constitutionality and inclusiveness. The most consistent correlates of the existence of each of these institutional bodies and the aggregate of them are functional ones: policy scope, trade-related variables, and conflict-related variables. There is no significant association between any measure of democracy and the existence of these institutions. These results are discussed the context of debates about the democratic deficit of international and regional organizations and the question of whether democratic standards are applicable to regional organizations.
alpha-Synuclein: a Modulator During Inflammatory CNS Demyelination
Authors: Kuhbandner Kristina , Hoffmann Alana , González Alvarado María Nazareth , Seyler Lisa , Bäuerle Tobias , Winkler Jürgen , Linker Ralf A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeuroinflammation and demyelination are hallmarks of several neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis and multiple system atrophy. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of de- and regeneration in respective diseases, it is critical to identify factors modulating these processes. One candidate factor is alpha-Synuclein (aSyn), which is known to be involved in the pathology of various neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we have shown that aSyn is involved in the modulation of peripheral immune responses during acute neuroinflammatory processes. In the present study, the effect of aSyn deficiency on de- and regenerative events in the CNS was analyzed by using two different demyelinating animal models: chronic MOG35–55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and the cuprizone model. Histopathological analysis of spinal cord cross sections 8 weeks after EAE induction revealed a significant reduction of CNS inflammation accompanied by decreased myelin loss during late-stage inflammatory demyelination in aSyn-deficient mice. In contrast, after cuprizone-induced demyelination or remyelination following withdrawal of cuprizone, myelination and neuroinflammatory patterns were not affected by aSyn deficiency. These data provide further evidence for aSyn as regulator of peripheral immune responses under neuroinflammatory conditions, thereby also modulating degenerative events in late-stage demyelinating disease.