bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional differences in zygapophysial joint cavities: A histological study of human fetuses
Authors: Kitamura Kei , Kim Ji Hyun , Cho Kwang Ho , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez‐Vázquez José Francisco , Yamamoto Hitoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman zygapophysial joints (ZJ) have regional differences in shape and orientation during prenatal growth. However, there is limited knowledge of the synovial recess during fetal development. We examined sagittal and horizontal histological sections of the vertebral columns of 30 human fetuses at gestational ages of 8–37 weeks. Fetuses of all gestational ages had subaxial cervical articular processes that were thicker than in the thoracolumbar regions, and as large as the corresponding vertebral bodies. A small or large synovial recess extending beyond the articular cartilage was evident at most regions. The cervical ZJ had large or deep recesses that extended inferiorly in midterm fetuses and posteromedially along the vertebral pedicle and lamina in near‐term fetuses. Likewise, the thoracic ZJ had small recesses that extended superiorly in midterm fetuses and medially in near‐term fetuses. The lumbar recesses extended laterally beyond the medially shifted articular cartilage of the upper adjacent vertebrae in near‐term fetuses and the lumbar articular surface was smallest in the three regions at all stages. At any region, a deep recess appeared before an area expansion of the ZJ cartilage. A drastic change in direction and size of the prenatal recess seemed to occur depending on a possible minute dislocation of the ZJ. In particular, a deep posteromedial recess of the cervical ZJ, which extended far beyond the articular cartilage, might be necessary to maintain high flexibility suitable for the strong flexion posture in utero.
Die Bedeutung von Nutzerzentrierung in automatisierten Beleuchtungssystemen
Authors: Hammes Sascha , Weninger Johannes , Canazei Markus , Pfluger Rainer , Pohl Wilfried 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDerzeitig erwerbbare Beleuchtungssteuerungen versuchen Anforderungen allgemeiner Nutzerkomfortkriterien wie die normative Mindestbeleuchtungsstärke mittels Allgemeinbeleuchtungen und vordefinierten Kontrollkurven gerecht zu werden. Da diese Lösungen sowohl individuelle Nutzeranforderungen als auch Effekte, die sich aus spezifischen Arbeitsanforderungen ableiten lassen, weitestgehend vernachlässigen, können Akzeptanzraten von Nutzern signifikant in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Darauf zurückzuführende Nutzereingriffe in automatisierte Steuerungen können intendierte Systemperformanzen sowohl in energetischer Hinsicht als auch in der biologischen Wirksamkeit beschränken. Um dem entgegenzuwirken, müssen Nutzerindividualitäten in die Steuerungslogik zurückgeführt werden. Prämisse einer erfolgreichen Umsetzung ist die Differenzierung von Raumausleuchtung und bedarfsorientierter Arbeitsplatzbeleuchtung. Positive Folge dieser Differenzierung ist eine Reduzierung des Energiebedarfs. Im Folgenden berichten die Autoren von ersten Ergebnissen einer Langzeitstudie in einem Großraumbüro mit zonaler Einzelarbeitsplatzbeleuchtung unter realen Arbeitsbedingungen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie führen auf, dass durch geeignete Zonierung der Energiebedarf für Kunstlicht reduziert werden kann. Darüber hinaus konnte über Langzeit‐Monitoring herausgefunden werden, dass Nutzereingriffen, die sich negativ auf den Energiebedarf auswirken, über erweiterte Inbetriebnahmephasen entgegengewirkt werden kann.
In situ‐Messung innerhalb einer Außenwand in Holz‐Massivbauweise mit Brettsperrholz im sockelnahen Bereich
Authors: Ganster Konstantin , Schickhofer Gerhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDer Feuchteschutz ist bei Konstruktionen aus Holz essentiell, um langfristige Schäden ausschließen zu können. Grundsätzlich hat die oder der Planende zwei Möglichkeiten, um Feuchteschäden zu verhindern. Zum einen ist das die bauphysikalische Strategie, bei der durch sinnvolle Wahl der Schichtenfolge, der Schichtdicken und der Materialien Bauteile so dimensioniert werden, dass die Wassergehalte in den maßgeblichen Schichten dauerhaft unterhalb einer zulässigen Grenze bleiben. Das Risiko solcher Feuchteeinträge wird typischerweise durch Berechnungen bzw. Simulationen durchgeführt. Zum anderen der konstruktive Holzschutz, der darauf abzielt, Feuchteeinflüsse durch bauliche Maßnahmen auszuschalten und sich dabei auf bewährte Detaillösungen verlässt. Die zunehmende Vielfalt an Detaillösungen und die wechselnden Anforderungen erschweren eine optimale Lösungsfindung, sei es im Bereich der Einfamilienhäuser oder im öffentlichen mehrgeschossigen Wohn‐ und Gewerbebau. Komfortwünsche seitens der Nutzer oder barrierefreies Bauen verlangen einen Niveauausgleich zwischen innerem Bodenbelag und äußerem Eingangsbereich. Daraus folgt, dass sich die eingebaute Fußschwelle der Außenwand nicht nur unter dem empfohlenen Maß, sondern auch unter dem Erdniveau befindet. Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht anhand einer zweijährigen In situ‐Messung die Holzfeuchtegehalte innerhalb einer Außenwand in Holz‐Massivbauweise mit Brettsperrholz im sockelnahen Bereich. Die Messsensoren wurden in den Einzelschichten sowie drei unterschiedlichen Höhen angeordnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen vor allem an der kritischsten Messreihe eine erhöhte Holzausgleichsfeuchte.
Adjunctive bright light therapy for treating bipolar depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hirakawa Hirofumi , Terao Takeshi , Muronaga Masaaki , Ishii Nobuyoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesBright light therapy (BLT) was reported as an effective adjunctive treatment option for bipolar disorder. Previous meta‐analytic study showed that augmentation treatment with light therapy significantly decreased the severity of bipolar depression. However, most of included studies were case–control studies and several of them focused on BLT that was provided in combination with sleep deprivation therapy.MethodsIn this meta‐analysis, we used several electronic databases to search the studies and included only randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies to compare BLT with control experimental groups for treating bipolar depression with pharmacological treatment to clarify the adjunctive efficacy of BLT. We searched the databases of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Clinicaltrials.gov for studies published in English until September 19, 2019. Two researchers conducted the literature screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment independently. The main outcome was the response rate and remission rate. We used the Review Manager 5.3 Software for the meta‐analysis.ResultsFour trials with a total of 190 participants (intervention: 94, control: 96) with bipolar depression were evaluated to gauge the effects of light therapy. The meta‐analysis showed risk ratios of 1.78 (95% CI 1.24–2.56, p = .002; I2 = 17%) demonstrating a significant effect of light therapy in the response rate of bipolar disorder. The meta‐analysis shows risk ratios of 2.03 (95% CI 0.48–8.59, p = .34; I2 = 67%) demonstrating no significant effect of light therapy in the remission rate of patients with bipolar disorder. None of the articles reported any serious adverse effects. Manic switch rate was 1.1% in the light therapy group and 1.2% in the control group.ConclusionsBright light therapy is an effective treatment for reducing depression symptoms among patients with bipolar depression.
A rare case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy with IUD in situ: A case report from Nepal
Authors: Koirala Saugat , Balla Pujan , Pokhrel Ajay , Koirala Sachin , Pant Smriti , Paudyal Supriya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHigh index of suspicion of ectopic (much likely ovarian) pregnancy should be considered if a woman with IUD in situ presents with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and positive urine pregnancy test.
Intramolecular Biradical Recombination of Dicarboxylic Acids to Unsaturated Compounds: A New Approach to an Old Kolbe Reaction
Authors: Meyers Jérôme , Kurig Nils , Gohlke Clara , Valeske Moritz , Panitz Sinan , Holzhäuser F. Joschka , Palkovits Regina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Kolbe or Non‐Kolbe electrolysis is one of the most studied electro‐organic reactions and a fundamental pillar of organic chemistry. In contrast to classical Kolbe dimerization of monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids are only scarcely subject for Kolbe electrolysis in the literature despite their vast natural abundance. Herein, we report on the intramolecular biradical recombination of dicarboxylic acids as a green way to prepare alkenes or alkynes over a newly proposed mechanistic route. Proceeding over a radical mechanism without dimerization, it clearly stands out from classical (Non‐)Kolbe electrolysis. In the presence of non‐toxic aqueous solvents, the desired products form in excellent yields (up to 83 %), which are the highest reported for this substrate class. Once feasibility had been shown for the electrolysis of methylsuccinic acid, we could demonstrate its application to a broad scope of different dicarboxylic acids.
Chemoselective Alpha‐Deuteration of Amides via Retro‐ene Reaction
Authors: Porte Vincent , Di Mauro Giovanni , Schupp Manuel , Kaiser Daniel , Maulide Nuno 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA synthetically convenient approach for the direct α‐deuteration of amides is reported. This mechanistically unusual process relies on a retro‐ene‐type process, triggered by the addition of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide to a keteniminium intermediate, generated through electrophilic amide activation. The transformation displays broad functional‐group tolerance and high deuterium incorporation.
Multi‐Step Continuous‐Flow Organic Synthesis: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Jiao Jiao , Nie Wenzheng , Yu Tao , Yang Fan , Zhang Qian , Aihemaiti Feierdaiweisi , Yang Tingjun , Liu Xuanyu , Wang Jiachen , Li Pengfei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContinuous‐flow multi‐step synthesis takes the advantages of microchannel flow chemistry and may transform the conventional multi‐step organic synthesis by using integrated synthetic systems. To realize the goal, however, innovative chemical methods and techniques are urgently required to meet the significant remaining challenges. In the past few years, by using green reactions, telescoped chemical design, and/or novel in‐line separation techniques, major and rapid advancement has been made in this direction. This minireview summarizes the most recent reports (2017–2020) on continuous‐flow synthesis of functional molecules. Notably, several complex active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have been prepared by the continuous‐flow approach. Key technologies to the successes and remaining challenges are discussed. These results exemplified the feasibility of using modern continuous‐flow chemistry for complex synthetic targets, and bode well for the future development of integrated, automated artificial synthetic systems.
Cytomorphologic analysis of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma: Distinguishing diagnostic features
Authors: Griffin Brannan B. , Lin Xiaoqi 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundClear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) shares histomorphologic and immunophenotypic features with clear cell RCC (CCRCC) and papillary RCC (PRCC).MethodsWe compared the cytomorphology, immunoprofile, and clinical management of CCPRCC (n = 18), CCRCC (n = 20), and PRCC (n = 18).ResultsUseful cytomorphologic features for comparing CCPRCC with CCRCC include 3‐dimensional clusters (72% vs 0%), papillae (50% vs 0%) and sheets (22% vs 70%), vasculature (papillary vs traversing), naked nuclei (17% vs 100%), prominent nucleoli (0% vs 65%), and amount of cytoplasm (small vs large). Useful cytomorphologic features for comparing CCPRCC with PRCC include sheets (22% vs 61%), naked nuclei (17% vs 67%), nuclear grooves (5% vs 67%) and inclusions (17% vs 67%), and pigmented cytoplasm (17% vs 83%). At on‐site evaluation, 16 of 18 (86%) CCPRCC specimens were deemed adequate, with suspicion for CCPRCC in 5 of 16 (31%) cases. Core histology of CCPRCC showed low‐grade malignant cells in nests (67%), tubules (100%), and papillae (72%), frequently in myxohyaline stroma (67%). Immunostains demonstrated expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7; 100%), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX; 100%, cup‐like), CD10 (53%, reverse cup‐like), and α‐methylacyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR; 35%). Among 18 CCPRCC patients, 9 (50%) underwent nephrectomy, 5 (28%) underwent cryo‐ablation, and 4 (22%) were under surveillance with serial imaging.ConclusionCertain morphologic features represent diagnostic criteria of CCPRCC in cytology specimens and help distinguish CCPRCC from CCRCC and PRCC. Immunostaining patterns with CK7, CA IX, CD10, and AMACR can confirm the diagnosis. Delineating CCPRCC from more biologically aggressive RCC types in cytology specimens enhances presurgical and clinical management of patients given CCPRCC's low‐grade, indolent behavior.
Dynamic traffic bottlenecks identification based on congestion diffusion model by influence maximization in metro‐city scales
Authors: Zhao Baoxin , Xu Cheng‐Zhong , Liu Siyuan , Zhao Juanjuan , Li Li 
Published: October 2020

SummaryTraffic bottlenecks dynamically change with the variance of traffic demand. Identifying traffic bottlenecks plays an important role in traffic planning and provides decision making. However, traffic bottlenecks are difficult to identify because of the complexity of traffic road networks and many other factors. In this article, we propose an influence spreading based method to find the dynamic changed traffic bottlenecks, where the influence caused by bottlenecks is maximal. We first build a traffic congestion diffusion (TCD) model to capture traffic flow influence (TFI) spreading over traffic road networks. The bottlenecks identification problem based on TCD is modeled as an influence maximization problem, that is, selecting the most influential nodes such that the deterioration of traffic condition is maximal. With the proof of the submodularity of TFI spreading over traffic networks, a provably near‐optimal algorithm is used to solve the NP‐hard problem. With the exploration of unique properties of TFI spread, an approximate influence maximization method for TCD (TCD‐AIM) is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this should be the first model for a metro‐city scale from the influence perspective. Experimental results show that TCD‐AIM finds bottlenecks with up to 130% congestion density increase in the future.
Diagnosis of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast on pleural fluid cytology in a 60‐year‐old male
Authors: Hogan Keenan O. , Fan Fang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare triple‐negative breast cancer with a favorable prognosis, although cases of distant metastases have been reported. Less than 10 cases of AdCC of the breast in males have been reported. We report a unique presentation of pleural fluid metastasis diagnosed by cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid in a 60‐year‐old male patient with AdCC of the breast. Careful surveillance and cytologic evaluation of effusion specimens can detect metastases with the aid of cellblock preparations and immunohistochemical stains.
Genetic connectivity and population structure of African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Tanzania
Authors: Lohay George G. , Weathers Thomas Casey , Estes Anna B. , McGrath Barbara C. , Cavener Douglas R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreasing human population growth, exurban development, and associated habitat fragmentation is accelerating the isolation of many natural areas and wildlife populations across the planet. In Tanzania, rapid and ongoing habitat conversion to agriculture has severed many of the country's former wildlife corridors between protected areas. To identify historically linked protected areas, we investigated the genetic structure and gene flow of African savanna elephants in Tanzania using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers in 688 individuals sampled in 2015 and 2017. Our results indicate distinct population genetic structure within and between ecosystems across Tanzania, and reveal important priority areas for connectivity conservation. In northern Tanzania, elephants sampled from the Tarangire‐Manyara ecosystem appear marginally, yet significantly isolated from elephants sampled from the greater Serengeti ecosystem (mean FST = 0.03), where two distinct subpopulations were identified.Unexpectedly, elephants in the Lake Manyara region appear to be more closely related to those across the East African Rift wall in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area than they are to the neighboring Tarangire subpopulations. We concluded that the Rift wall has had a negligible influence on genetic differentiation up to this point, but differentiation may accelerate in the future because of ongoing loss of corridors in the area. Interestingly, relatively high genetic similarity was found between elephants in Tarangire and Ruaha although they are separated by >400 km. In southern Tanzania, there was little evidence of female‐mediated gene flow between Ruaha and Selous, probably due to the presence of the Udzungwa Mountains between them. Despite observing evidence of significant isolation, the populations of elephants we examined generally exhibited robust levels of allelic richness (mean AR = 9.96), heterozygosity (mean µHE = 0.73), and effective population sizes (mean Ne = 148). Our results may inform efforts to restore wildlife corridors between protected areas in Tanzania in order to facilitate gene flow for long‐term survival of elephants and other species.
Resistance, resilience, and vulnerability of social‐ecological systems to hurricanes in Puerto Rico
Authors: Zimmerman Jess K. , Willig Michael R. , Hernández‐Delgado Edwin A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSubject to hurricane disturbance for millennia, natural ecosystems of Puerto Rico exhibit clear patterns of resistance (e.g., many tree species have little immediate storm‐related mortality) and resilience (e.g., leaf litterfall and stream chemistry returned to pre‐hurricane levels in as little as five years). Contemporaneous studies of near‐shore areas also suggested no long‐term impacts of hurricanes; however, anthropogenic effects (coral bleaching, sedimentation) dominate the long‐term condition of marine systems in Puerto Rico, many of which have slowly evolved into novel ecosystems. A key characteristic of novel marine ecosystems is their long‐term loss of benefits and resilience, coupled to declining biodiversity and loss of structural or functional redundancy, signaling increased vulnerability to subsequent hurricanes. Human systems are also strongly affected by cyclonic storms, as evidenced by the recent impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria in the Caribbean. The lack of short‐term recovery from disturbance by coral reef ecosystems, coupled with an increasing recurrence of anthropogenic impacts, increasing hurricane frequency or severity, and sea‐level rise, may have irreversible long‐term socioeconomic consequences for coastal social–ecological systems and for community livelihoods. A comprehensive social–ecological understanding of hurricane effects in Puerto Rico is lacking in part because hurricane effects on human populations are not comprehensively followed. Although some studies suggest a path forward, finding effective methods to link measurements of storm intensity to the diverse components of tropical social–ecological systems remains a challenge.
Using temporal convolution network for remaining useful lifetime prediction
Authors: Chen Jungan , Chen Danjiang , Liu Gaoping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBecause Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) can extract spatial feature, while Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) can learn temporal features, many methods combining CNN with LSTM are proposed for remaining useful lifetime prediction. In practice, it is better to learn temporal features from long history sequence data because of the slow inherently long‐term degradation process. However, LSTM is less efficient in processing long history sequence. To solve this problem, in this work, a temporal convolution network combining causal filters with dilated convolutions is used to expand the receptive field length of network. The network structure can be fixed through three key parameters, and the size of time window adopted for time sequence processing is the same as the receptive field length. These two characteristics allow the network to easily be applied for engineering purposes. The method is tested and evaluated using two well‐known datasets, namely the “Turbofan Engine Degradation Simulation Dataset C‐MAPSS” and “Milling Dataset.” The performance analysis shows that the proposed method outperforms more classical methods in terms of prediction accuracy.
Pursuing behavioral realism in Virtual Reality for fire evacuation research
Authors: Arias Silvia , Wahlqvist Jonathan , Nilsson Daniel , Ronchi Enrico , Frantzich Håkan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe use of virtual reality in human behavior in fire research has the advantage of being able to produce results comparable to more traditional laboratory or field experiments. This method relies not only on the technology employed but also on the participants' perception of realism when exposed to a virtual emergency scenario. A virtual scenario can be perceived as realistic based on the way it looks and on the way objects in it operates. However, in some experiments, behavioral realism can be the most relevant feature to obtain meaningful results. In this article, knowledge gained by running four different virtual reality experiments is presented in the form of challenges and recommendations to enhance the realism of the virtual experience. Although not in a comprehensive way, these challenges and recommendations refer to different parts of the process of running a virtual reality experiment for research in human behavior in fire, from the design of the environment to the behavior of the participants in it. The recommendations provided are based on observations. By spreading this knowledge, it is expected to aid the broader fire safety engineering community to develop more realistic virtual reality experiments for data collection on human behavior in fire.
Decolonize this collection: Integrating black feminism and art to re‐examine human skeletal remains in museums
Authors: Lans Aja M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article combines traditional avenues of bioarchaeological research with Black feminist theory to decolonize identified skeletal collections housed in museums. Inspired by the activism of Decolonize This Place (DTP), I put the remains of Black women who were dissected in Progressive Era New York City into conversation with Black feminist theorists and artists. I argue that to “flesh in” the lives of these long anonymized and disarticulated women, it is essential to perform interdisciplinary and decolonizing work that is inspired by Black women. The field of biological anthropology will benefit from moving past privileging “scientific” knowledge and considering what the arts might contribute to our representations of the bodies we study, as suggested by Katherine McKittrick (2010). Furthermore, for our field to truly become inclusive, we must encourage scholars with multiple consciousnesses, as proposed by Faye Harrison (2010).