bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species richness and patterns of overdispersion, clustering and randomness shape phylogenetic and functional diversity–area relationships in habitat islands
Authors: Dias Rafael Antunes , Bastazini Vinicius Augusto Galvão , Knopp Bruna de Castro , Bonow Felipe Castro , Gonçalves Maycon Sanyvan Sigales , Gianuca Andros Tarouco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate how the area of habitat islands influences multiple facets of diversity.LocationSouthern Brazil.TaxonBirds.MethodsUsing an Information Theoretic approach, we compared the fit of 20 diversity–area relationship (DARs) models in three habitat island systems. We tested for the best‐fit model, model‐family, shape and the presence/absence of an asymptote. We used species richness (SR), Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD) and Faith's functional diversity (FD) to assess species–area (SARs), phylogenetic (PDARs) and functional diversity–area relationships (FDARs). We controlled for the effect of SR in PD and FD via null models to assess PDARs and FDARs independently of SR and to explore the influence of phylogenetic and functional randomness, clustering and overdispersion.ResultsPDARs and FDARs built with PD and FD resembled SARs and were all best fitted by convex or sigmoidal, upwards oriented, non‐asymptotic models. Controlling for SR in diversity indices produced flat or downwards oriented, weak PDARs and FDARs, which were best fitted by convex, non‐asymptotic models or the linear model. Taxonomic diversity accumulated faster with area than functional diversity, which accumulated faster than phylogenetic diversity. Randomness and clustering patterns prevailed in shaping PDARs and FDARs relative to overdispersion.Main conclusionsControlling for SR in PD and FD affects DARs patterns and the strength of the relationships. Irrespective of this influence of SR, a few simple models of the power and exponential model‐families best fit DARs. Model parameters reveal differences in the response of each facet of diversity to increases in area, highlighting the complementary nature of DARs. When considered independently of SR, PDAR and FDAR patterns largely reflect the broad variation of phylogenetic and functional diversity in small islands. This suggests that the ecological processes that generate phylogenetic and functional overdispersion and clustering operate at contrasting spatial scales.
Investigating psychological problems in caregiver of pediatrics with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Shokri Mehdi , Tarjoman Asma , Borji Milad , Solaimanizadeh Laleh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeCancer is a type of chronic illness that causes many issues for patients and their caregivers, including a wide range of psychological problems. This study was conducted to determine the status and psychological problems of caregivers of pediatric patients with cancer who live in Iran.MethodsAll articles from 2000 to March 2019 related to the psychological of caregivers and their child's cancer were included in the search. Domestic websites in Iran and international databases were searched. Keywords of the search included child, cancer, malignancy, care burden, stress, anxiety, depression, coping strategies, psychological hardiness, posttraumatic stress, parents, father, mother, and pediatric. The search, data extraction, quality assessment and screening were conducted independently by two researchers.ResultsIn the initial search, 345 articles were extracted regarding the psychological problems of caregivers. After final screening 15 articles were selected; from these four referred to care burden, four articles for coping skills, three articles for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and four articles for stress, anxiety, and depression among carers of children with cancer.ConclusionConsidering the existence of psychological problems such as caregiver burden, PTSD, stress, anxiety, and depression in caregivers of children with cancer, it is necessary to provide nursing interventions for this group of parents; particularly interventions that provide the necessary ground for reducing psychological problems and improving caregivers' mental health.
Behavioral development in children with prenatal substance exposure and neonatal abstinence syndrome: Associated factors and implications
Authors: Miller Jennifer S. , Anderson Joel G. , Lindley Lisa C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProblemPrenatal substance exposure and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) are risk factors for adverse behavioral outcomes in children at 24 months of age.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with abnormal behavioral development in children with prenatal substance exposure or NAS through 10 years of age. A retrospective, nonexperimental, longitudinal design to examine the effects of prenatal substance exposure and NAS on behavioral development at 1, 5, and 10 years of age, while controlling for intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, organizational, and public policy characteristics. A hierarchical multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the influence of substance exposure and NAS on behavioral outcomes.FindingsAbnormal behavioral development was predicted at 10 years of age with polysubstance exposure to three substances (odds ratio [OR] = 2.711, p < 0.01) and NAS (OR = 2.077, p < .001).ConclusionPsychiatric nursing care for children with prenatal substance exposure and NAS should include implementation of early and continued behavioral evaluation and childhood trauma and adversity surveillance in children through middle childhood.
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator lead revision following left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Black‐Maier Eric , Lewis Robert K. , Rehorn Michael , Loungani Rahul , Friedman Daniel J. , Frazier‐Mills Camille , Jackson Kevin P. , Atwater Brett D. , Milano Carmelo A. , Schroder Jacob N. , Pokorney Sean D. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionLead dysfunction can lead to serious consequences including failure to treat ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF). The incidence and mechanisms of lead dysfunction following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation are not well‐described. We sought to determine the incidence, mechanisms, timing, and complications of right ventricular lead dysfunction requiring revision following LVAD implantation.MethodsRetrospective observational chart review of all LVAD recipients with pre‐existing implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) from 2009 to 2018 was performed including device interrogation reports, laboratory and imaging data, procedural reports, and clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong 583 patients with an ICD in situ undergoing LVAD implant, the median (interquartile range) age was 62.5 (15.7) years, 21% were female, and the types of LVADs included HeartWare HVAD (26%), HeartMate II (52%), and HeartMate III (22%). Right ventricular lead revision was performed in 38 patients (6.5%) at a median (25th, 75th) of 16.4 (3.6, 29.2) months following LVAD. Mechanisms of lead dysfunction included macrodislodgement (n = 4), surgical lead injury (n = 4), recall (n = 3), insulation failure (n = 8) or conductor fracture (n = 7), and alterations in the lead‐myocardial interface (n = 12). Undersensing requiring revision occurred in 22 (58%) cases. Clinical sequelae of undersensing included failure to detect VT/VF (n = 4) and pacing‐induced torsade de pointes (n = 1). Oversensing occurred in 12 (32%) and sequelae included inappropriate antitachycardia pacing ([ATP], n = 8), inappropriate ICD shock (n = 6), and ATP‐induced VT (n = 1).ConclusionThe incidence of right ventricular lead dysfunction following LVAD implantation is significant and has important clinical sequelae. Physicians should remain vigilant for lead dysfunction after LVAD surgery and test lead function before discharge.
Network meta‐analysis of His bundle, biventricular, or right ventricular pacing as a primary strategy for advanced atrioventricular conduction disease with normal or mildly reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Fernandes Gilson C. , Knijnik Leonardo , Lopez Juan , Rivera Manuel , Fernandes Amanda , Lambrakos Litsa K. , Myerburg Robert J. , Mitrani Raul D. , Goldberger Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlthough right ventricular pacing (RVP) may impair ventricular function, it is commonly used for advanced atrioventricular block (AVB) and normal or mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF). We aimed to compare His bundle pacing (HBP), biventricular pacing (BiVP), and RVP for advanced AVB in patients with normal or mildly reduced EF.Methods and ResultsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Outcomes were all‐cause death, heart failure hospitalizations (HFH), EF, left ventricular volumes, 6‐minute walk test, and QRS duration. HBP or BiVP was compared with RVP. Subsequently, network meta‐analysis compared the three pacing options. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018094132). Six studies compared BiVP and RVP (704 vs 614 patients) and four compared HBP and RVP (463 vs 568 patients). Follow‐up was 6 months to 5 years. There was significantly lower mortality and HFH with HBP or BiVP as compared with RVP (odds ratio [OR], 0.66, [0.51‐0.85], P = .002; OR, 0.61 [0.45‐0.82], P < .001, respectively]. HBP or BiVP also showed significant increase in EF and decrease in QRS duration (mean difference [MD], 5.27 [3.86‐6.69], P < .001; MD −42.2 [−51.2 to −33.3], P < .001, respectively). In network meta‐analysis, HBP and BiVP were associated with significantly improved survival compared to RVP, with surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability of 79.4%, 69.4%, and 1.2% for HBP, BiVP, and RVP, respectively. For HFH, SUCRA probability was 91.5%, 57.2%, and 1.3%, respectively.ConclusionHBP or BiVP were the superior strategies to reduce all‐cause death and HFH for advanced AVB with normal or mildly reduced EF, with no significant difference between BiVP and HBP.
Induction of priming by cold stress via inducible volatile cues in neighboring tea plants
Authors: Zhao Mingyue , Wang Lu , Wang Jingming , Jin Jieyang , Zhang Na , Lei Lei , Gao Ting , Jing Tingting , Zhang Shangrui , Wu Yi , Wu Bin , Hu Yunqing , Wan Xiaochun , Schwab Wilfried , Song Chuankui 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPlants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms to overcome their sessile nature. However, if and how volatiles from cold‐stressed plants can trigger interplant communication is still unknown. Here, we provide the first evidence for interplant communication via inducible volatiles in cold stress. The volatiles, including nerolidol, geraniol, linalool, and methyl salicylate, emitted from cold‐stressed tea plants play key role(s) in priming cold tolerance of their neighbors via a C‐repeat‐binding factors‐dependent pathway. The knowledge will help us to understand how plants respond to volatile cues in cold stress and agricultural ecosystems.
Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels in alopecia areata, female pattern hair loss, and male androgenetic alopecia in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhao Jun , Sheng Youyu , Dai Chunyang , Qi Sisi , Hu Ruiming , Rui Wenlong , Miao Ying , Xu Feng , Zhang Yao , Yang Qinping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has been suggested that low vitamin D levels may affect the development of hair loss.AimsOur aim was to evaluate the serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] status in Chinese patients with alopecia areata (AA), female pattern hair loss (FPHL), and male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA) compared with healthy individuals.MethodsWe performed a case‐control study including 443 AA patients, 657 FPHL patients, 777 MAGA patients, and 2070 normal controls (1064 male and 1006 female healthy individuals) from 2015 to 2017 to analyze the correlation of serum 25(OH)D levels and hair loss in a Chinese population.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D levels stratified by age, sex, and season were compared between patients and healthy individuals. AA patients' serum 25(OH)D levels were statistically lower than that of controls (P < .0001, α = .05). Serum 25(OH)D levels of FPHL patients (P < .0001, α = .05) and MAGA patients (P = .0005, α = .05) were also significantly lower than counterpart control subjects.ConclusionOur findings suggest an association between serum 25(OH)D levels and alopecia areata, female pattern hair loss, or male androgenetic alopecia in a Chinese population.
Curvularia asianensisandCurvularia eragrostidisassociated with leaf spot ofSansevieria trifasciatain Malaysia
Authors: Kee Yee Jia , Zakaria Latiffah , Mohd Masratul Hawa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLeaf spot disease was detected onSansevieria trifasciatain Malaysia. TwoCurvulariaspecies namelyC. eragrostidisandC. asianensiswere isolated as the pathogens. The isolated fungi were identified based on morphology and multigene phylogeny (ITS, GAPDH and TEF1‐α). Pathogenicity tests confirmed the roles of bothCurvulariaisolates in causing leaf spot ofS. trifasciata. To our knowledge, this is the first report ofC. eragrostidisandC. asianensiscausing leaf spot ofS. trifasciatain Malaysia.
The association between preoperative anemia and postoperative morbidity in pediatric surgical patients: A secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Meyer Heidi M. , Torborg Alexandra , Cronje Larissa , Thomas Jennifer , Bhettay Anisa , Diedericks Johan , Cilliers Celeste , Kluyts Hyla , Mrara Busisiwe , Kalipa Mandisa , Biccard Bruce ,   the SAPSOS investigators
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of anemia in the South African pediatric surgical population is unknown. Anemia may be associated with increased postoperative complications. We are unaware of studies documenting these findings in patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).AimThe primary aim of this study was to describe the association between preoperative anemia and 26 defined postoperative complications, in noncardiac pediatric surgical patients. Secondary aims included describing the prevalence of anemia and risk factors for intraoperative blood transfusion.MethodThis was a secondary analysis of the South African Paediatric Surgical Outcomes Study, a prospective, observational surgical outcomes study. Inclusion criteria were all consecutive patients aged between 6 months and <16 years, presenting to participating centers during the study period who underwent elective and nonelective noncardiac surgery and had a preoperative hemoglobin recorded. Exclusion criteria were patients aged <6 months, undergoing cardiac surgery, or without a preoperative Hb recorded. To determine whether an independent association existed between preoperative anemia and postoperative complications, a hierarchical stepwise logistic regression was conducted.ResultsThere were 1094 eligible patients. In children in whom a preoperative Hb was recorded 46.2% had preoperative anemia. Preoperative anemia was independently associated with an increased risk of any postoperative complication (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.3‐3.1, P = .002). Preoperative anemia (odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.8‐7.1, P < .001) was an independent predictor of intraoperative blood transfusion.ConclusionPreoperative anemia had a high prevalence in a LMIC and was associated with increased postoperative complications. The main limitation of our study is the ability to generalize the results to the wider pediatric surgical population, as these findings only relate to children in whom a preoperative Hb was recorded. Prospective studies are required to determine whether correction of preoperative anemia reduces morbidity and mortality in children undergoing noncardiac surgery.
Molecular characterization of SLC24A5 variants and evaluation of Nitisinone treatment efficacy in a zebrafish model of OCA6
Authors: Yousaf Sairah , Sethna Saumil , Chaudhary Muhammad A. , Shaikh Rehan S. , Riazuddin Saima , Ahmed Zubair M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSkin pigmentation is a highly heterogeneous trait with diverse consequences worldwide. SLC24A5, encoding a potent K+‐dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, is among the known color‐coding genes that participate in melanogenesis by maintaining pH in melanosomes. Deficient SLC24A5 activity results in oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) type 6 in humans. In this study, by utilizing a exome sequencing (ES) approach, we identified two new variants [p. (Gly110Arg) and p. (IIe189Ilefs*1)] of SLC24A5 cosegregating with the OCA phenotype, including nystagmus, strabismus, foveal hypoplasia, albinotic fundus, and vision impairment, in three large consanguineous Pakistani families. Both of these variants failed to rescue the pigmentation in zebrafish slc24a5 morphants, confirming the pathogenic effects of the variants. We also phenotypically characterized a commercially available zebrafish mutant line (slc24a5ko) that harbors a nonsense (p.Tyr208*) allele of slc24a5. Similar to morphants, homozygous slc24a5ko mutants had significantly reduced melanin content and pigmentation. Next, we used these slc24a5ko zebrafish mutants to test the efficacy of nitisinone, a compound known to increase ocular and fur pigmentation in OCA1 (TYR) mutant mice. Treatment of slc24a5ko mutant zebrafish embryos with varying doses of nitisinone did not improve melanin production and pigmentation, suggesting that treatment with nitisinone is unlikely to be therapeutic in OCA6 patients.
Intestinal microbiota regulates tryptophan metabolism following oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: dos Santos Liliane M. , Commodaro Alessandra G. , Vasquez Alicia R. R. , Kohlhoff Markus , de Paula Guerra Daniel A. , Coimbra Roney S. , Martins‐Filho Olindo A. , Teixeira‐Carvalho Andrea , Rizzo Luiz V. , Vieira Leda Q. , Serra Horacio M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe intestinal microbiota plays an important role in modulating host immune responses. Oral Toxoplasma gondii infection can promote intestinal inflammation in certain mice strains. The IDO‐AhR axis may control tryptophan (Trp) metabolism constituting an important immune regulatory mechanism in inflammatory settings.AimsIn the present study, we investigated the role of the intestinal microbiota on Trp metabolism during oral infection with T gondii.Methods and resultsMice were treated with antibiotics for four weeks and then infected with T gondii by gavage. Histopathology and immune responses were evaluated 8 days after infection. We found that depletion of intestinal microbiota by antibiotics contributed to resistance against T gondii infection and led to reduced expression of AhR on dendritic and Treg cells. Mice depleted of Gram‐negative bacteria presented higher levels of systemic Trp, downregulation of AhR expression and increased resistance to infection whereas depletion of Gram‐positive bacteria did not affect susceptibility or expression of AhR on immune cells.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the intestinal microbiota can control Trp availability and provide a link between the AhR pathway and host‐microbiota interaction in acute infection with T gondii.
Comparison of two skin temperature assessment methods after the application of topical revulsive products: Conductive iButton data logger system vs contact‐free infrared thermometry
Authors: Stoop Rahel , Hohenauer Erich , Aerenhouts Dirk , Barel André O. , Deliens Tom , Clijsen Ron , Clarys Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundSkin temperature assessments comprise conductive and contact‐free techniques. Comparison between conductive data loggers and contact‐free thermometry after the application of revulsive products is scarce. This study aimed to compare iButton data loggers with an infrared thermometer after the application of two revulsive products. Secondly, the relation between skin temperature kinetics with skin's perfusion of microcirculation was investigated.Materials and methodsHealthy females (n = 25) were randomly allocated to two groups, representing the products A and B. Skin temperature was measured with “iButtons” and an infrared pistol at baseline and up to 1 hour after application. Skin's perfusion of microcirculation was monitored with a laser speckle contrast imager.ResultsBaseline “iButton” temperature values were significantly lower compared with infrared pistol values in both groups. After application of the products, skin temperature decreased as recorded with both devices followed by an increase to baseline values when measured with the pistol. The results obtained by the “iButtons” reached values above baseline in both products towards the end of the follow‐up period. A moderate correlation was found between infrared pistol and “iButton” system in product A, with a weak negative correlation between skin's perfusion of microcirculation and temperature devices. For product B, the correlation between the devices was moderate and between skin's perfusion and temperature devices weak and positive.ConclusionBoth devices produced similar kinetics, except at baseline, where they may differ as metallic loggers have been insufficiently adapted to skin temperature. Skin's perfusion of microcirculation could not explain skin temperature changes.
Widening income inequalities in life expectancy? Analysing time trends based on German health insurance data
Authors: Tetzlaff Fabian , Epping Jelena , Sperlich Stefanie , Tetzlaff Juliane 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundWhile social disparities in mortality have been shown in the majority of high-income countries, research on inequalities in the German population is still limited. This applies especially to studies investigating time trends in social inequalities with respect to life expectancy. The aim of this study is to examine income inequalities in life expectancy and whether inequalities have narrowed or widened over time.MethodsThe analyses are based on the claims data of a large German health insurance provider, which facilitates the combining of information on individual income and mortality. Life expectancy is calculated separately for three income groups (<60%, 60% to 80% and ≥80% of the average income in Germany) and for sex by applying period life table analyses. Trends are assessed by comparing the time periods 2005–2008 (N = 1 773 122), 2009–2012 (N=1 792 735) and 2013–2016 (N = 1 987 114).ResultsTrends in life expectancy differed by sex, age and income group. Especially among elderly men, the gap between low- and high-income groups widened over time, disadvantaging men with low incomes. Among women, a slight reduction in inequalities was observed, which was driven by the increases in life expectancy in low-income groups.ConclusionOur study shows that not all population subgroups benefitted equally from the continuing rise in life expectancy. The persisting inequalities emphasise the importance of public health efforts concentrating on reducing mortality risks among individuals in lower socioeconomic positions. Special attention should be paid to elderly men with low incomes. Further research is needed on the mechanisms underlying increasing health inequalities over time.