bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of insufflated carbon dioxide on abdominal temperature compared to oesophageal temperature during laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Groene Philipp , Gündogar Ufuk , Hofmann-Kiefer Klaus , Ladurner Roland 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Body core temperature is an important vital parameter during surgery and anaesthesia. It is influenced by several patient-related and surgery-related factors. Laparoscopy is considered beneficial in terms of a variety of parameters, for example, postoperative pain and length of hospital stay. Non-humidified, non-warmed insufflated CO2 applied during laparoscopy is standard of care. This prospective observational trial therefore evaluates the impact of non-humidified CO2 at room temperature on abdominal temperature and its correlation to body core temperature.

Methods
Seventy patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were included in this prospective observational study. Temperature was measured oesophageal and abdominal before induction of anaesthesia (T1), right before skin incision (T2), 15 min, 30 min and 60 min after skin incision. All patients were treated according to actual guidelines for perioperative temperature measurement.

Results
Body core temperature and abdominal temperature correlated moderately (r = 0.6123; p < 0.0001). Bland–Altman plot for comparison of methods showed an average difference of 0.4 °C (bias − 0.3955; 95% agreement of bias from − 2.365 to 1.574). Abdominal temperature further decreased after establishing pneumoperitoneum (T2: 36.2 °C (35.9/36.4) to T5: 36.1 °C (35.6/36.4); p < 0.0001), whereas oesophageal temperature increased (T2: 36.2 °C (35.9/36.4) to 36.4 °C (36.0/36.7); p = 0.0296). Values of oesophageal and abdominal measurement points differed at T4 (36.3 °C (36.0/36.6) vs. 36.1 °C (35.4/36.6); p < 0.0001) and T5 (36.4 °C (36.0/36.7) vs. 36.1 °C (35.6/36.4) p = 0.0003).

Conclusion
This prospective observational trial shows the influence of insufflated, non-humidified carbon dioxide at room temperature on abdominal temperature during laparoscopic surgery. We show that carbon dioxide applied at these conditions decreases abdominal temperature and therefore might be a risk factor for perioperative hypothermia.
Type II critical collapse on a single fixed grid: a gauge-driven ingoing boundary method
Authors: Rinne Oliver 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe develop a numerical method suitable for gravitational collapse based on Cauchy evolution with an ingoing characteristic boundary. Unlike similar methods proposed recently (Ripley; Bieri et al. in Class Quantum Grav 37:045015, 2020), the numerical grid remains fixed during the evolution and no points need to be removed or added. Increasing coordinate refinement of the central region as the field collapses is achieved solely through the choice of spatial gauge and particularly its boundary condition. We apply this method to study critical collapse of a massless scalar field in spherical symmetry using maximal slicing and isotropic coordinates. Known results on mass scaling, discrete self-similarity and universality of the critical solution (Choptuik in Phys Rev Lett 70:9, 1993) are reproduced using this considerably simpler numerical method.
Application of a Two-Analyte Integrated Population Pharmacokinetic Model to Evaluate the Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors on the Pharmacokinetics of Polatuzumab Vedotin in Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Lu Dan , Lu Tong , Shi Rong , Gibiansky Leonid , Agarwal Priya , Shemesh Colby S. , Dere Randall C. , Ogbu Uzor , Hirata Jamie , Chanu Pascal , Girish Sandhya , Jin Jin Yan , Li Chunze , Miles Dale 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The established two-analyte integrated population pharmacokinetic model was applied to assess the impact of intrinsic/extrinsic factors on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of polatuzumab vedotin (pola) in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) following bodyweight-based dosing.

Methods
Model simulations based on individual empirical Bayes estimates were used to evaluate the impact of intrinsic/extrinsic factors as patient subgroups on Cycle 6 exposures. Intrinsic factors included bodyweight, age, sex, hepatic and renal functions. Extrinsic factors included rituximab/obinutuzumab or bendamustine combination with pola and manufacturing process. The predicted impact on exposures along with the established exposure-response relationships were used to assess clinical relevance.

Results
No clinically meaningful differences in Cycle 6 pola exposures were found for the following subgroups: bodyweight 100–146 kg versus 38–<100 kg, age ≥ 65 years versus <65 years, female versus male, mild hepatic impairment versus normal, mild-to-moderate renal impairment versus normal. Co-administration of rituximab/obinutuzumab or bendamustine, and change in the pola manufacturing process, also had no meaningful impact on PK.

Conclusions
In patients with NHL, bodyweight-based dosing is adequate, and no further dose adjustment is recommended for the heavier subgroup (100–146 kg). In addition, no dose adjustments are recommended for other subgroups based on intrinsic/extrinsic factors evaluated.
Numerical prediction of the frictional losses in sliding bearings during start-stop operation
Authors: König Florian , Sous Christopher , Jacobs Georg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the increased use of automotive engine start-stop systems, the numerical prediction and reduction of frictional losses in sliding bearings during starting and stopping procedures has become an important issue. In engineering practice, numerical simulations of sliding bearings in automotive engines are performed with statistical asperity contact models with empirical values for the necessary surface parameters. The aim of this study is to elucidate the applicability of these approaches for the prediction of friction in sliding bearings subjected to start-stop operation. For this purpose, the friction performance of sliding bearings was investigated in experiments on a test rig and in transient mixed elasto-hydrodynamic simulations in a multi-body simulation environment (mixed-EHL/MBS). In mixed-EHL/MBS, the extended Reynold’s equation with flow factors according to Patir and Cheng has been combined on the one hand with the statistical asperity contact model according to Greenwood and Tripp and on the other hand with the deterministic asperity contact model according to Herbst. The detailed comparison of simulation and experimental results clarifies that the application of statistical asperity contact models with empirical values of the necessary inputs leads to large deviations between experiment and simulation. The actual distribution and position of surface roughness, as used in deterministic contact modelling, is necessary for a reliable prediction of the frictional losses in sliding bearings during start-stop operation.
EXAMPLES OF FINITE-DIMENSIONAL POINTED HOPF ALGEBRAS IN CHARACTERISTIC 2
Authors: ANDRUSKIEWITSCH NICOLÁS , BAGIO DIRCEU , FLORA SARADIA DELLA , FLÔRES DAIANA 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present new examples of finite-dimensional Nichols algebras over fields of characteristic 2 from braided vector spaces that are not of diagonal type, admit realizations as Yetter–Drinfeld modules over finite abelian groups, and are analogous to Nichols algebras of finite Gelfand–Kirillov dimension in characteristic 0. New finite-dimensional pointed Hopf algebras over fields of characteristic 2 are obtained by bosonization with group algebras of suitable finite abelian groups.
Warming affects water use, yield and crop quality of a potato–broad bean–winter wheat rotation system in semi-arid regions of China
Authors: Guoju Xiao , Zhanqiang Guo , Qiang Zhang , Yanbin Hu , Jing Wang , Jin Cao , Zhengji Qiu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlobal warming will directly influence agricultural production and present new challenges for food security in semiarid regions of China. A warming experiment was conducted in Guyuan, China using infrared ray radiators to study the impact of warming on crop growth, yield and quality of a potato–broad bean–winter wheat crop rotation system. Warming significantly affected the crop photosynthesis rates of the potato–broad bean–winter wheat rotation system. In the podding stage of broad bean and the heading, blooming and booting stages of winter wheat, the photosynthesis rate was significantly decreased when the temperature increased by 0.5–2.0°C. The growing period of the potato–broad bean–winter wheat rotation system was shortened by 20–40 days per 3-year-period, and the fallow period was prolonged by 4–13 days per 3-year-period. The water use efficiency of the potato–broad bean–winter wheat rotation decreased by 8.6% when the temperature increased by 1.02.0°C. The yield of the potato–broad bean–winter wheat rotation increased by 6.1–7.7% when the temperature increased by 0.5–1.0°C. However, yield decreased 12.9–13.4% when temperature increased by 1.0–2.0°C. Potato protein significantly decreased by 9.3–17.6% and the winter wheat fat significantly decreased by 6.7% when the temperature increased by 0.5–2.0°C. The results indicate that global warming could seriously affect the crop growth, yield and water use of the potato–broad bean–winter wheat rotation in semiarid regions of China.
In-work Universal Credit: Claimant Experiences of Conditionality Mismatches and Counterproductive Benefit Sanctions
Authors: WRIGHT SHARON , DWYER PETER 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUniversal Credit is the UK’s globally innovative social security reform that replaces six means tested benefits with one monthly payment for working age claimants - combining social security and tax credit systems. Universal Credit expands welfare conditionality via mandatory job search conditions to enhance ‘progression’ amongst working claimants by requiring extra working hours or multiple jobs. This exposes low paid workers to tough benefit sanctions for non-compliance, which could remove essential income indefinitely or for fixed periods of up to three years. Our unique contribution is to establish how this new regime is experienced at micro level by in-work claimants over time. We present findings from Qualitative Longitudinal Research (141 interviews with 58 claimants, 2014-17), to demonstrate how UC impacts on in-work recipients and how conditionality produces a new coerced worker-claimant model of social support. We identify a series of welfare conditionality mismatches and conclude that conditionality for in-work claimants is largely counterproductive. This implies a redesign of the UK system and serves as an international warning to potential policy emulators.
Ranging technology using signals of opportunity of non-cooperative communication satellites
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Hua Yu , Xiang Yu , Huang Changjiang , Wang Shanhe , Zhao Xian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe positioning technique employing the ubiquitous signals of opportunity of non-cooperative satellites does not send special navigation signals, instead it passively receives satellite signals as noise, presenting advantages of concealment and difficulty for potential attackers. Thus, this study investigates the ranging principle and model using non-cooperative communication satellites and a time difference estimation algorithm. The technology of time difference measurement under non-cooperative observation mode was determined and simulated. A test platform for time difference measurement was built to receive the signal from an unknown geostationary Earth orbit communication satellite and verify the ranging feasibility and performance. The ranging accuracy was found to be smaller than 6 m, as demonstrated by experimental data, which shows the viability of the proposed positioning technique for ranging technology.
High MERS-CoV seropositivity associated with camel herd profile, husbandry practices and household socio-demographic characteristics in Northern Kenya
Authors: Ngere I. , Munyua P. , Harcourt J. , Hunsperger E. , Thornburg N. , Muturi M. , Osoro E. , Gachohi J. , Bodha B. , Okotu B. , Oyugi J. , Jaoko W. , Mwatondo A. , Njenga K. , Widdowson M. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite high exposure to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the predictors for seropositivity in the context of husbandry practices for camels in Eastern Africa are not well understood. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to describe the camel herd profile and determine the factors associated with MERS-CoV seropositivity in Northern Kenya. We enrolled 29 camel-owning households and administered questionnaires to collect herd and household data. Serum samples collected from 493 randomly selected camels were tested for anti-MERS-CoV antibodies using a microneutralisation assay, and regression analysis used to correlate herd and household characteristics with camel seropositivity. Households reared camels (median = 23 camels and IQR 16–56), and at least one other livestock species in two distinct herds; a home herd kept near homesteads, and a range/fora herd that resided far from the homestead. The overall MERS-CoV IgG seropositivity was 76.3%, with no statistically significant difference between home and fora herds. Significant predictors for seropositivity (P ⩽ 0.05) included camels 6–10 years old (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0–5.2), herds with ⩾25 camels (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2–3.4) and camels from Gabra community (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.2). These results suggest high levels of virus transmission among camels, with potential for human infection.
Seasonal hydrological and suspended sediment transport dynamics and their future modelling in the Orwell Glacier proglacial stream, Signy Island, Antarctica
Authors: Stott Tim , Convey Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClimate change in the Antarctic over the past 50+ years has caused contraction of ice and snow cover, longer melt seasons and intensified glacier melting. These changes affect erosion and sediment redistribution processes that are vital to our understanding of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and sediment input to oceans. This 79 day study of the Orwell Glacier meltwater stream on Signy Island (5 December 2019–21 February 2020) used 5 min recordings of turbidity, stream discharge (Q) and air temperature (AT), supplemented by 454 water samples from which suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was gravimetrically determined, to calculate daily suspended sediment loads (SSLs). Qmean was 47.8 ± 3.5 l s-1, SSCmean was 71.0 ± 15.9 mg l-1 and daily SSLmean was 75 ± 8 kg day-1 with a suspended sediment yield of 43.6 t km-2 yr-1. A multiple regression model predicted SSLs reliably (multiple r = 0.95, r2 = 0.91, n = 79) and, when run with ATmean + 1°C (expected on Signy Island by 2060) and ATmean + 2°C (expected by 2100) scenarios, the model predicted 7% and 13% increases in SSLs, respectively. The SSLs estimated in this study are low when compared with others from around the world.
Major Changes in Extreme Dust Events Dynamics Over the Arabian Peninsula During 2003–2017 Driven by Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Gandham Harikishan , Dasari Hari Prasad , Langodan Sabique , Karumuri Rama Krishna , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMineral dust emitted from the arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula (AP), in particular Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is an important contributor to the northern hemispheric aerosol loading. Dust events over AP are frequent and persistent throughout the year, with a peak in occurrence and intensity between March and August. This study examines the variability of dust events that occurred over AP during 2003–2017 using long‐term dust optical depth retrieved from MODIS satellite measurements. Dust profiles were derived from CALIOP satellite measurements to assess the vertical distributions of the dust events. Our analysis suggests that the formation of extreme dust events is primarily associated with strong high‐pressure systems that occur over AP. Northerly Shamal winds transport dust aerosols from surrounding arid regions to the AP, amplifying the dust aerosol loading across the country. CALIOP dust profiles show that the dust aerosols reach up to 4 km height above sea level, with peak concentrations at an altitude around 1.5 km. Dry deposition of dust is the dominant removal process over the Arabian Gulf, and wet deposition of dust is the dominant removal process over the Red Sea. A total of 49 extreme dust events occurred during the period between 2003 and 2017, over a combined total of 207 days. We observe a significant increase in the frequency of dust events between 2007 and 2012, peaking in 2012, followed by a marked decrease in the following years. We attribute this sudden decline in dust activity after 2012 to enhanced winter rainfall, after noticing increased soil moisture and vegetation coverage during the dust seasons that followed wetter winters. A strengthened Red Sea trough in the middle and the upper altitudes produced favorable conditions for strong moisture convergence and increased rainfall over AP, which may have dampened dust activity during 2013–2017.
Copy number evolution and its relationship with patient outcome—an analysis of 178 matched presentation-relapse tumor pairs from the Myeloma XI trial
Authors: Croft James , Ellis Sidra , Sherborne Amy L. , Sharp Kim , Price Amy , Jenner Matthew W. , Drayson Mark T. , Owen Roger G. , Chown Sally , Lindsay Jindriska , Karunanithi Kamaraj , Hunter Hannah , Gregory Walter M. , Davies Faith E. , Morgan Gareth J. , Cook Gordon , Atanesyan Lilit , Savola Suvi , Cairns David A. , Jackson Graham , Houlston Richard S. , Kaiser Martin F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStructural chromosomal changes including copy number aberrations (CNAs) are a major feature of multiple myeloma (MM), however their evolution in context of modern biological therapy is not well characterized. To investigate acquisition of CNAs and their prognostic relevance in context of first-line therapy, we profiled tumor diagnosis–relapse pairs from 178 NCRI Myeloma XI (ISRCTN49407852) trial patients using digital multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. CNA profiles acquired at relapse differed substantially between MM subtypes: hyperdiploid (HRD) tumors evolved predominantly in branching pattern vs. linear pattern in t(4;14) vs. stable pattern in t(11;14). CNA acquisition also differed between subtypes based on CCND expression, with a marked enrichment of acquired del(17p) in CCND2 over CCND1 tumors. Acquired CNAs were not influenced by high-dose melphalan or lenalidomide maintenance randomization. A branching evolution pattern was significantly associated with inferior overall survival (OS; hazard ratio (HR) 2.61, P = 0.0048). As an individual lesion, acquisition of gain(1q) at relapse was associated with shorter OS, independent of other risk markers or time of relapse (HR = 2.00; P = 0.021). There is an increasing need for rational therapy sequencing in MM. Our data supports the value of repeat molecular profiling to characterize disease evolution and inform management of MM relapse.
The genome and transcriptome analysis of snake gourd provide insights into its evolution and fruit development and ripening
Authors: Ma Lili , Wang Qing , Mu Jianlou , Fu Anzhen , Wen Changlong , Zhao Xiaoyan , Gao Lipu , Li Jian , Shi Kai , Wang Yunxiang , Zhang Xuewen , Zhang Xuechuan , Fei Zhangjun , Grierson Donald , Zuo Jinhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSnake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.), which belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, is a popular ornamental and food crop species with medicinal value and is grown in many parts of the world. Although progress has been made in its genetic improvement, the organization, composition, and evolution of the snake gourd genome remain largely unknown. Here, we report a high-quality genome assembly for snake gourd, comprising 202 contigs, with a total size of 919.8 Mb and an N50 size of 20.1 Mb. These findings indicate that snake gourd has one of the largest genomes of Cucurbitaceae species sequenced to date. The snake gourd genome assembly harbors 22,874 protein-coding genes and 80.0% of the genome consists of repetitive sequences. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that snake gourd is closely related to sponge gourd but diverged from their common ancestor ~33–47 million years ago. The genome sequence reported here serves as a valuable resource for snake gourd genetic research and comparative genomic studies in Cucurbitaceae and other plant species. In addition, fruit transcriptome analysis reveals the candidate genes related to quality traits during snake gourd fruit development and provides a basis for future research on snake gourd fruit development and ripening at the transcript level.
Ascorbic acid and prunasin, two candidate biomarkers for endodormancy release in almond flower buds identified by a nontargeted metabolomic study
Authors: Guillamón Jesús Guillamón , Prudencio Ángela Sánchez , Yuste José Enrique , Dicenta Federico , Sánchez-Pérez Raquel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTemperate fruit trees belonging toPrunusspecies have the ability to suspend (induce dormancy) and resume growth periodically in response to environmental and seasonal conditions. Endodormancy release requires the long-term accumulation of chill. Upon accumulation of cultivar-specific chill requirements, plants enter the state of ecodormancy, which means the ability to grow has been restored, depending on the fulfilment of heat requirements. As many different metabolic pathways are implicated in endodormancy release, we have performed a metabolomic analysis, using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flying (UPLC–QToF) technique. We assayed flower buds in different stages of endodormancy in four almond cultivars with different flowering times: the extra-early Desmayo Largueta, the late Antoñeta, the extra-late Penta, and the ultra-late Tardona. An orthogonal projection to latent-structure discriminant-analysis model was created to observe differences between endodormant and ecodormant flower buds. The metabolites showing the most significant variation were searched against the Metlin, HMDB, and KEGG libraries, which allowed us to identify 87 metabolites. These metabolites were subsequently assigned to specific pathways, such as abscisic acid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and D-sorbitol metabolism, among others. The two metabolites that exhibited the most significant variations in all the cultivars studied with fold changes of up to 6.49 were ascorbic acid and prunasin. For the first time, these two metabolites have been proposed as potential biomarkers for endodormancy release in almond. Given the high synteny present between theRosaceaespecies, these results could be extrapolated to other important crops like peach, plum, cherry, or apricot, among others.