bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonstationary Frequency Analysis of Censored Data: A Case Study of the Floods in the Yangtze River From 1470 to 2017
Authors: Xiong Bin , Xiong Lihua , Guo Shenglian , Xu Chong‐Yu , Xia Jun , Zhong Yixuan , Yang Han 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCensored data (CD) of floods, that is, the combination of systematic data (SD) and historical data, can help improve the robustness of flood frequency analysis, due to its temporal information expansion. However, in nonstationary flood frequency analysis, the approach to utilize the CD has rarely been investigated. In this study, a covariate‐based nonstationary flood frequency analysis framework based on various likelihood functions using the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution was built to utilize the CD, with uncertainty considered. This framework was applied to the study of the annual maximum flood frequency of the Yichang gauging station 44 km downstream of the Three Gorges Dam over the period from 1470 to 2017. A summer precipitation anomaly and a reservoir index were used as covariates to explain the variation of the distribution parameters. The results show that for either the SD or CD, the nonstationary models are preferred to the stationary ones by the deviance information criterion, and these nonstationary models may prove to be practical in engineering application, due to the acceptable uncertainty range in flood quantiles derived from covariates. Compared to the stationary or nonstationary models based on the SD, the corresponding model based on the CD results in a higher posterior mean and a smaller posterior standard deviation for the shape parameter of the GEV distribution. It is concluded that the use of historical information under the nonstationary frequency analysis framework may be remarkable in reducing design flood uncertainty, especially for the very small exceedance probability at the tail.
Mega-oss and Mega-TCP versus Bio-Oss granules fixed by alginate gel for bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Tong-Yue , Xu Shu-Lan , Wang Zhi-Ping , Guo Jin-Yuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectives/AimsBone graft materials are widely used at present because inadequate bone volume is usually found in implant patients. To determine the biocompatibility of a new grafting material, in vitro research is routinely performed before animal experiments and clinical testing. However, during in vitro experiments, bone material particles might move during testing, which could affect the accuracy of the results.Materials and MethodsTo evaluate the biocompatibility of new bone substitutes, Mega-oss and Mega-TCP were compared with Bio-Oss using osteoblast cells and osteoclast cells fixed with alginate gel. Cell morphology, viability, bone resorption, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and staining were tested to compare the biocompatibility differences in the performance of Mega-oss, Mega-TCP, and Bio-Oss.ResultsCells spread better on Mega-oss and Mega-TCP than the round shape on Bio-Oss. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) results showed that Mega-oss, Mega-TCP, and sodium alginate had good viability. Meanwhile, Mega-oss and Mega-TCP had the same osteoblast differentiation ability as Bio-Oss. The resorption rates of Mega-TCP and Mega-oss were higher than those of Bio-Oss (24.4%, 15.3%, and 3.3%, respectively).ConclusionMega-oss and Mega-TCP might be useful alternative bone graft materials compared with Bio-Oss. In addition, fixing the materials with sodium alginate gel could be a new method for in vitro bone material experiments.
Partially automated whole-genome sequencing reanalysis of previously undiagnosed pediatric patients can efficiently yield new diagnoses
Authors: James Kiely N. , Clark Michelle M. , Camp Brandon , Kint Cyrielle , Schols Peter , Batalov Sergey , Briggs Benjamin , Veeraraghavan Narayanan , Chowdhury Shimul , Kingsmore Stephen F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo investigate the diagnostic and clinical utility of a partially automated reanalysis pipeline, forty-eight cases of seriously ill children with suspected genetic disease who did not receive a diagnosis upon initial manual analysis of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were reanalyzed at least 1 year later. Clinical natural language processing (CNLP) of medical records provided automated, updated patient phenotypes, and an automated analysis system delivered limited lists of possible diagnostic variants for each case. CNLP identified a median of 79 new clinical features per patient at least 1 year later. Compared to a standard manual reanalysis pipeline, the partially automated pipeline reduced the number of variants to be analyzed by 90% (range: 74%-96%). In 2 cases, diagnoses were made upon reinterpretation, representing an incremental diagnostic yield of 4.2% (2/48, 95% CI: 0.5–14.3%). Four additional cases were flagged with a possible diagnosis to be considered during subsequent reanalysis. Separately, copy number analysis led to diagnoses in two cases. Ongoing discovery of new disease genes and refined variant classification necessitate periodic reanalysis of negative WGS cases. The clinical features of patients sequenced as infants evolve rapidly with age. Partially automated reanalysis, including automated re-phenotyping through CNLP, has the potential to identify molecular diagnoses with reduced expert labor intensity.
A comprehensive CHO SWATH-MS spectral library for robust quantitative profiling of 10,000 proteins
Authors: Sim Kae Hwan , Liu Lillian Chia-Yi , Tan Hwee Tong , Tan Kelly , Ng Daniel , Zhang Wei , Yang Yuansheng , Tate Stephen , Bi Xuezhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH) is a data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategy that requires a specific spectral library to generate unbiased and consistent quantitative data matrices of all peptides. SWATH-MS is a promising approach for in-depth proteomic profiling of Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines, improving mechanistic understanding of process optimization, and real-time monitoring of process parameters in biologics R&D and manufacturing. However, no spectral library for CHO cells is publicly available. Here we present a comprehensive CHO global spectral library to measure the abundance of more than 10,000 proteins consisting of 199,102 identified peptides from a CHO-K1 cell proteome. The robustness, accuracy and consistency of the spectral library were validated for high confidence in protein identification and reproducible quantification in different CHO-derived cell lines, instrumental setups and downstream processing samples. The availability of a comprehensive SWATH CHO global spectral library will facilitate detailed characterization of upstream and downstream processes, as well as quality by design (QbD) in biomanufacturing. The data have been deposited to ProteomeXchange (PXD016047).
Increases in cholecystectomy for gallstone related disease in South Africa
Authors: Khan Zafar Ahmed , Khan Muhammed Uzayr , Brand Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStudies suggest that the rate gallstone disease in Africa is low. Previous studies suggested an increase in gallstone rates and cholecystectomies related to urbanization and the adoption of Western lifestyle habits. This study examined cholecystectomy rates for gallstone disease in South Africa (SA). An audit of cholecystectomies in SA was done by reviewing gallbladder specimens processed by the SA National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) from 2004 and 2014. Urbanization rates were obtained from Statistics South Africa and BMI data from previously published studies. Fisher’s exact test, t test’s and Pearson’s R were used for comparisons; cholecystectomy rates were calculated per 100,000 population. 33,467 cholecystectomy specimens were analysed. There was a 92% absolute increase in cholecystectomies during the study period (Pearson r 0.94; p < 0.01) with the overall cholecystectomy rate increasing by 65% from 8.36 to 13.81 per 100,000 population. The data was divided into two equal periods and compared. During the second period there was a 28.8% increase in the number cholecystectomies and patients were significantly younger (46.9 vs 48.2 years; p ≤ 0.0001). The Northern Cape was the only province to show a decline in the cholecystectomy rate in this period and was also the only province to record a decline in urbanization. Population based studies in SA demonstrate increases in BMI and an association with increased urbanization. This nationwide African study demonstrates a sustained increase in cholecystectomies for gallstone disease. Increases in BMI and urbanization may be responsible for this trend.
Characterization of gap-plasmon based metasurfaces using scanning differential heterodyne microscopy
Authors: Akhmedzhanov Ildar M. , Deshpande Rucha A. , Baranov Dmitry V. , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOptical phase-gradient metasurfaces, whose unique capabilities are based on the possibility to arbitrarily control the phase of reflected/transmitted light at the subwavelength scale, are seldom characterized with direct measurements of phase gradients. Using numerical simulations and experimental measurements, we exploit the technique of scanning differential heterodyne microscopy (SDHM) for direct phase and amplitude characterization of gap-plasmon based optical metasurfaces. Two metasurface configurations utilizing the third-order gap surface plasmon (GSP) resonance, representing a binary grating and linear phase gradient, are experimentally characterized with the SDHM operating at the light wavelength of 633 nm. Comparing the experimental performances of these GSP metasurfaces with those expected from the phase and amplitude profiles reconstructed from the SDHM measurements, we verify the efficiency and accuracy of the developed SDHM characterization approach for direct inspection of GSP reflective metasurfaces.
Development of a simple prediction model for adrenal crisis diagnosis
Authors: Katabami Takuyuki , Tsukiyama Hidekazu , Tanabe Makito , Matsuba Ren , Murakami Mariko , Nishine Ami , Shimizu Sachi , Sakai Kensuke , Tanaka Yasushi , Yanase Toshihiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo develop a prediction model for adrenal crisis (AC) diagnosis among individuals with adrenal insufficiency that relies on the values of routinely measured clinical parameters, for application in standard clinical practice. We retrospectively analysed data from five referral centres in Japan. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of AC, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine their optimal cut-off points. The analysis included data from 54 patients with 90 AC events. Logistic regression revealed that serum sodium and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were independent predictors of AC. Serum sodium levels < 137 mEq/L had a sensitivity of 71.1% and specificity of 95.6%. CRP levels > 1.3 mg/dL had a sensitivity of 84.4% and specificity of 94.9%. In combination, serum sodium levels < 137 mEq/L or CRP levels > 1.3 mg/dL for AC diagnosis had sensitivity and specificity values of 97.8% and 94.4%, respectively. The combined use of serum sodium and CRP levels had high sensitivity and specificity, and can be used for AC screening in standard clinical practice. The model can assist in identifying AC among high-risk individuals. A larger prospective study is needed to validate these results.
Endosinotarsal device exerts a better postoperative correction in Meary’s angle than exosinotarsal screw from a meta-analysis in pediatric flatfoot
Authors: Hsieh Chiun-Hua , Lee Chia-Che , Tseng Tzu-Hao , Wu Kuan-Wen , Chang Jia-Feng , Wang Ting-Ming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor pediatric flexible flatfoot, the subtalar extra-articular screw arthroereisis (SESA) and endosinotarsal device are the most popular techniques in current practice. Nevertheless, scarce literature is available comparing the outcomes between these two techniques. Thus, we aimed to provide a meta-analysis for the radiographic and clinical outcomes, respectively. A systemic search for correction of pediatric flexible flatfoot using subtalar arthroereisis was conducted mainly in Pubmed and Scopus, and the search was completed on 31 Dec., 2019. The standardized mean differences (SMD) of postoperative versus preoperative calcaneal pitch and Meary’s angle were defined as the primary outcomes, whereas the preoperative versus posteoperative AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) as the secondary outcome. The meta-analysis included 12 comparative studies comprising 2063 feet in total. The quantitative analysis showed a marked improvement in Meary’s angle of endosinotarsal cone implant group (SMD: 4.298; 95% CI 2.706–5.889) than exosinotarsal screw group (SMD: 1.264; 95% CI 0.650–1.877). But no significant difference was noted between both groups in calcaneal pitch and AOFAS. The exosinotarsal screw and endosinotarsal device are both effective arthroereisis implant for pediatric flexible flatfoot. While considering the correction of Meary’s angle, the endosinotarsal device is better than exosinotarsal screw.
Impaired brain function improved by l-carnitine in patients with cirrhosis: evaluation using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Hayakawa Yuka , Kubota Youhei , Kurosaki Masayuki , Osawa Leona , Inada Kento , Kirino Sakura , Yamashita Koji , Sekiguchi Shuhei , Okada Mao , Wan Wang , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Kaneko Shun , Tamaki Nobuharu , Yasui Yutaka , Noda Takamasa , Nakanishi Kaoru , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Itakura Jun , Takahashi Yuka , Izumi Namiki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of l-carnitine on impaired brain function in patients with liver cirrhosis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included sequential 80 liver cirrhosis patients with impaired brain function evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Among them, l-carnitine was administered to 48 patients. The NIRS data and blood ammonia level at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment were compared between patients administered with l-carnitine (l-carnitine group) and those who were not (control group). The NIRS data at baseline were similar between the l-carnitine and control groups (0.04 ± 0.04 vs. 0.04 ± 0.05 mMmm, p = n.s), whereas those in the l-carnitine group (n = 48) were significantly better than that of the control group at 8 weeks of treatment (n = 32) (0.103 ± 0.081 vs. 0.040 ± 0.048 mMmm, p < 0.001). In the l-carnitine group, 35.4% (17/48) of patients had hyperammonemia. The NIRS data of the l-carnitine group at 8 weeks of treatment were significantly improved than that of the control group, irrespective of baseline ammonia levels (0.11 ± 0.09 vs. 0.04 ± 0.05 mMmm, p = 0.005, and 0.10 ± 0.06 vs. 0.02 ± 0.03 mMmm, p = 0.003, for normal baseline ammonia and elevated ammonia levels, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, l-carnitine administration (odds ratio [OR] 3.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–9.99, p = 0.019) and baseline NIRS data of ≤ 0.07 mMmm (OR 5.21, 95% CI 1.69–16.0, p = 0.0041) were found as independent significant factors. l-carnitine improves impaired brain function in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Akzidentelle Hydromorphon-Ingestion eines Kleinkindes und lebensrettende Telefonreanimation durch die Leitstelle
Authors: Breuer Florian , Poloczek Stefan , Dahmen Janosch 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungNotarzteinsatzfahrzeug und Rettungswagen wurden zu einem 14 Monate alten Kind mit Bewusstlosigkeit und ineffektiver Atmung alarmiert. Durch die Leitstelle erfolgte die Anleitung zu einer Telefonreanimation. Klinisch imponierten eine Miosis, eine massive Ateminsuffizienz sowie eine tiefe Bewusstlosigkeit. Erst im Verlauf konnte fremdanamnestisch in der Klinik festgestellt werden, dass dem Vater des Kindes zuvor mehrere Tabletten Hydromorphon auf den Boden gefallen sind. Nach Oxygenierung und Intubation konnte das Kind nach kurzer Zeit ohne neurologisches Defizit aus der Klinik entlassen werden.
A Comparative Study between Autologous Dural Closure versus Collagen Matrix (DuraGen) Closure in Decompressive Craniectomy for Trauma
Authors: Barooah Rajesh Kumar , Baishya Basanta Kumar , Haloi Hriday , Bhuyan Mrinal , Ali Asman , Sarma Kishore 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction Neurosurgeons often deal with the problem of a complete and watertight dural closure after cerebral operative procedures. In decompressive craniectomy done for trauma, autologous grafts such as galea, temporalis fascia can be time consuming. Hence this study was undertaken to look into the outcome using collagen matrix graft for dural closure.
Aims and Objectives To study the difference between autologous dural graft closure and collagen matrix graft with respect to the time taken for closure, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, and wound infection.
Methods This prospective study includes 30 patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for trauma. Duraplasty with temporalis fascia graft and nonautologous collagen matrix dural patch was done by randomization. Specific time points during craniectomy and cranioplasty was calculated. Total time for the procedures and the time for dural repair and separation was calculated.
Results The use of collagen matrix in decompressive craniectomy resulted in decrease in mean operative time during the first surgery by average 45 minutes (p< 0.5) as compared to the use of autologous graft. There is reduction in the operating time during second surgery (cranioplasty) by 35 minutes (p< 0.5). The patients using collagen matrix graft did not record any CSF leakage or wound infection. Excellent uptake of the collagen by the duramater was seen.
Conclusion The use of collagen to cover the dural defect for decompressive craniectomy for trauma results in significant reduction in the operating time during the first surgery and also in cranioplasty. There is reduction in CSF leakage and hence duration of hospital stay and cost.
Serum Albumin Levels in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Role as a Predictor of Outcome
Authors: Nayak Raghavendra , Jagdhane Nitin , Attry Sanjeev , Ghosh Samarendranath 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground Serum albumin has long been considered as an outcome marker in various critical illnesses. The aim of our study is to ascertain the role of serum albumin as a predictor of outcome in severe head injury patients.Materials and Methods This is a prospective observational study of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Depending on the serum albumin level at admission, patients were dichotomized into two groups: one with normal serum albumin and other with hypoalbuminemia. Their outcomes at 6-month follow-up were assessed by the modified Glasgow Outcome Score.Result Eighty patients (57 males and 23 females) with severe TBI were included in the study. The mean age of the study patients was 39.6 + 13.1 years and the mean serum albumin level at admission was 3.7 + 1.2 g/dL with lowest being 2.2 mmol/L and highest being 6.1 mmol/L. Thirty-four patients (42.5%) had low serum albumin level (< 3.5 g/dL) at admission. At 6-month follow-up, 58 (72.5%) patients had a good neurological outcome and 22 (27.5%) had a poor outcome. The group with normal serum albumin levels showed a significantly better outcome compared with the hypoalbuminemia group (p = 0.01). On multiple regression analysis, low serum albumin emerged as the only predictor of the poor outcome in severe head injury patients.Conclusion Serum albumin at admission is an independent predictor of outcome in severe TBI patients. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Impact of Mild Hypothermia on Final Outcome of Patients with Acute Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rouzbahani Abbas , Khodadadi Esmail , Fooladi Marjaneh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and Aim Stroke is a sudden neurological disorder caused by disturbances in the brain blood flow and loss of normal brain function. Stroke is also the second leading cause of death worldwide. In the last two decades, among the various treatment options for stroke, hypothermia has shown the promise of improving the final outcome. This study aimed to investigate the effect of noninvasive hypothermia on the final outcome of patients with an acute stroke in Iran.Methods In a randomized clinical trial, 60 Iranian patients diagnosed with acute stroke were enrolled in 2018. Patients were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomized in two groups as experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 30). Mild hypothermia was applied using a cooling device for 72 hours on the patients’ heads and intervention results were compared with the control group. Data were collected by using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III (APACHE III), Full Outline of Un-Responsiveness (FOUR), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and later analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.Results No significant difference was found in the mean scores of all three scales before and after the intervention in control group (p > 0.05) but statistically significant difference was found in the mean scores of all three scales for the intervention group (p < 0.05). The intervention group had an increased mean score in FOUR, while APACHE and NIHSS values dropped. Researchers found statistically significant difference between the mean scores after the intervention in the experimental group compared with the control group in all three scales (p < 0.05).Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that hypothermia has a significant statistical and clinical effect on the acute stroke outcome and it can be argued that hypothermia therapy can increase the level of consciousness and reduce the risk of death in stroke patients.
Effect of Cannabinoids on Electroencephalography of a Child with Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome
Authors: Prakash Vikram 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cannabinoids have been found to be effective in controlling seizures and the highly purified form of cannabinoid derived for Cannabis sativa. Cannabidiol (CBD) is now approved for Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Dravet syndrome. CBD was used in a 9-year-old boy with LGS (unknown etiology) with very good results. The electroencephalography (EEG) response was very dramatic with near normalization of EEG background and complete control of seizures. The effect of CBD on EEG with such an improvement has not been described previously. Also, this adds to evidence that early intervention in LGS with CBD might be more helpful and improve outcomes.