bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic organ prolapse after laparoscopic hysterectomy compared with vaginal hysterectomy: the POP-UP study
Authors: Vermeulen Carolien K. M. , Veen Joggem , Adang Caroline , van Leijsen Sanne A. L. , Coolen Anne-Lotte W. M. , Bongers Marlies Y. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective was to review the long-term prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) after laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) compared with vaginal hysterectomy (VH).

Methods
An observational cohort study was conducted amongst women who underwent an LH or a VH for benign indications during the period 1996–2004: the POP-UP study. The prevalence of POP was inventoried by a questionnaire involving the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and a pelvic floor examination (POP-Q). Women were divided into groups based on route and indication of hysterectomy: LH, VH-1 (for nonprolapse), and VH-2 (prolapse).

Results
Four hundred and six of the 706 eligible patients (58%) returned the questionnaire and 247 underwent POP-Q examination. Sixty-eight patients (17%) received treatment for prolapse; 8% LH, 10% VH-1, and 29% VH-2 (Chi-squared test, p < 0.001). The prevalence of vaginal vault prolapse (apical surgery or ≥ stage 2 at POP-Q) was 4.4% for LH and 5.8% for VH-1 (p = 0.707); and 23% for VH-2 (VH-2 versus others, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of prolapse ≥ stage 2 in any compartment was 62% (n = 153) in total and in 42% of the LH group, 51% of the VH-1 group, and 84% of the VH-2 group (Chi-squared test, p < 0.001). A symptomatic POP (anatomical POP ≥ stage 2 with bulging) was present in 11% of the population.

Conclusions
No difference was found in the prevalence of POP between LH and VH for nonprolapse indications. However, POP after VH for prolapse occurs more frequently than after hysterectomy for other indications.
Energy minimizing N-covering maps in two dimensions
Authors: Bevan Jonathan J. , Deane Jonathan H. B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe show that theN-covering map, which in complex coordinates is given by$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}(z):=z \mapsto z^{N}/\sqrt{N}|z|^{N-1}$$uN(z):=z↦zN/N|z|N-1and whereNis a natural number, is a global minimizer of the Dirichlet energy$$\mathbb {D}(v)=\int _B |\nabla v(x)|^2 \, dx$$D(v)=∫B|∇v(x)|2dxwith respect to so-called inner and outer variations. An inner variation of$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}$$uNis a map of the form$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}\circ \varphi $$uN∘φ, where$$\varphi $$φbelongs to the class$$\mathcal {A}(B):=\{\varphi \in H^1(B;\mathbb {R}^2): \ \det \nabla \varphi = 1 \ \text {a.e.}, \ \varphi \arrowvert _{\partial B}(x) = x\}$$A(B):={φ∈H1(B;R2):det∇φ=1a.e.,φ|∂B(x)=x}andBdenotes the unit ball in$$\mathbb {R}^2$$R2, while an outer variation of$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}$$uNis a map of the form$$\phi \circ u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}$$ϕ∘uN, where$$\phi $$ϕbelongs to the class$$\mathcal {A}(B(0,1/\sqrt{N}))$$A(B(0,1/N)). The novelty of our approach to inner variations is to write the Dirichlet energy of$$u_{_{\scriptscriptstyle {N}}}\circ \varphi $$uN∘φin terms of the functional$$I(\psi ;N):= \int _{B} N |\psi _{_R}|^2 + \frac{1}{N} |\psi _\tau |^2 \, dy$$I(ψ;N):=∫BN|ψR|2+1N|ψτ|2dy, where$$\psi $$ψis a suitably defined inverse of$$\varphi $$φ, and$$\psi _{_R}$$ψRand$$\psi _{\tau }$$ψτare, respectively, the radial and angular weak derivatives of$$\psi $$ψ, and then to minimise$$I(\psi ;N)$$I(ψ;N)by considering a series of auxiliary variational problems of isoperimetric type. This approach extends to includep-growth functionals ($$p>1$$p>1) provided the class$$\mathcal {A}(B)$$A(B)is suitably adapted. When$$1<p<2$$1<p<2, this adaptation is delicate and relies on the deep results of Barchiesi et al. on the space they refer to in Barchiesi et al. (Arch Ration Mech Anal 224(2):743–816, 2017) as$$\mathcal {A}_p$$Ap. A technique due to Sivaloganthan and Spector (Arch Ration Mech Anal 196:363–394, 2010) can be applied to outer variations. We also show that there is a large class of variations of the form$$v=h\,\circ \,u_2\,\circ \,g$$v=h∘u2∘g, wherehandgare suitable measure-preserving maps, in which$$u_2$$u2is a local minimizer of the Dirichlet energy . The proof of this fact requires a careful calculation of the second variation of$$\mathbb {D}(v(\cdot ,\delta ))$$D(v(·,δ)), which quantity turns out to be non-negative in general and zero only when$$\mathbb {D}(v(\cdot ,\delta ))=\mathbb {D}(u_2)$$D(v(·,δ))=D(u2).
Time trend of axial length and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019
Authors: Li Tao , Wan Ting , Yao Xiaoqian , Qi Huihong , Chen Xuefeng , She Man , Hu Qianqian , Zhou Xiaodong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the time trend of axial length (AL) and associated factors in 4- and 5-year-old children in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019.MethodsThis was a 7-year observational study of 985 four-year-old and 1059 five-year-old children in Shanghai. AL, horizontal and vertical corneal curvature, spherical equivalent (SE), and body height and weight were measured. Furthermore, a questionnaire was collected, including time outdoors and bad eyesight habits.ResultsIn 4-year-old children, no significant difference was found in AL (P = 0.526), but significant differences were observed in SE (P = 0.001), horizontal corneal curvature (P = 0.006), vertical corneal curvature (P = 0.004), height (P < 0.001), and weight (P = 0.022) from 2013 to 2019. In 5-year-old children, no significant differences were found in AL (P = 0.304), SE (P = 0.200), or weight (P = 0.292), but significant differences were observed in horizontal corneal curvature (P = 0.040), vertical corneal curvature (P = 0.015), and height (P < 0.001) from 2013 to 2019. Multivariate analyses revealed that AL was mainly significantly associated with boys and time outdoors in the 4- and 5-year-old children.ConclusionsThe AL of 4- and 5-year-old children remained relatively stable in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the relationship between AL elongation and environmental risk factors.
LoRAS: an oversampling approach for imbalanced datasets
Authors: Bej Saptarshi , Davtyan Narek , Wolfien Markus , Nassar Mariam , Wolkenhauer Olaf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Synthetic Minority Oversampling TEchnique (SMOTE) is widely-used for the analysis of imbalanced datasets. It is known that SMOTE frequently over-generalizes the minority class, leading to misclassifications for the majority class, and effecting the overall balance of the model. In this article, we present an approach that overcomes this limitation of SMOTE, employing Localized Random Affine Shadowsampling (LoRAS) to oversample from an approximated data manifold of the minority class. We benchmarked our algorithm with 14 publicly available imbalanced datasets using three different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and compared the performance of LoRAS, SMOTE and several SMOTE extensions that share the concept of using convex combinations of minority class data points for oversampling with LoRAS. We observed that LoRAS, on average generates better ML models in terms of F1-Score and Balanced accuracy. Another key observation is that while most of the extensions of SMOTE we have tested, improve the F1-Score with respect to SMOTE on an average, they compromise on the Balanced accuracy of a classification model. LoRAS on the contrary, improves both F1 Score and the Balanced accuracy thus produces better classification models. Moreover, to explain the success of the algorithm, we have constructed a mathematical framework to prove that LoRAS oversampling technique provides a better estimate for the mean of the underlying local data distribution of the minority class data space.
Corporate taxes and high-quality entrepreneurship
Authors: Venâncio Ana , Barros Victor , Raposo Clara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examine the impact of corporate taxation on entrepreneurship, using a quasi-natural experiment, which substantially reduced the corporate tax rate for start-ups located in inland municipalities in Portugal. Using a difference-in-differences approach and IV regression, we find that the tax reform increased firm entry and new firm job creation. The entrepreneurs who took advantage of this tax reform are relatively older, and are better-educated individuals. Their start-ups are relatively larger, more productive, and are more likely to survive the first 3 years. These findings suggest that corporate taxation is an imperative constraint for entrepreneurship, particularly for high-quality entrepreneurs. These better-educated individuals find it easier to overcome the hurdles of tax legislation and to make use of the opportunities created by a specific tax reform.
The MEFISTO and WPT Electric Field Sensors of the Plasma Wave Investigation on the BepiColombo Mio Spacecraft
Authors: Karlsson T. , Kasaba Y. , Wahlund J.-E. , Henri P. , Bylander L. , Puccio W. , Jansson S.-E. , Åhlen L. , Kallio E. , Kojima H. , Kumamoto A. , Lappalainen K. , Lybekk B. , Ishisaka K. , Eriksson A. , Morooka M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the design of MEFISTO (Mercury Electric Field In-Situ Tool) and WPT (Wire Probe Antenna) electric field sensors for Plasma Wave Investigation (PWI) on the BepiColombo Mio spacecraft (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, MMO). The two sensors will enable the first observations of electric fields, plasma waves and radio waves in and around the Hermean magnetosphere and exosphere. MEFISTO and WPT are dipole antennas with 31.6 m tip-to-tip length. Each antenna element has a spherical probe at each end of the wire (15 m length). They are extended orthogonally in the spin plane of the spacecraft and enable measurements of the electric field in the frequency range of DC to 10 MHz by the connection to two sets of receivers, EWO for a lower frequency range and SORBET for higher frequencies. In the initial operations after the launch (20 Oct. 2018), we succeeded to confirm the health of both antennas and to release the launch lock of the WPT. After Mercury orbit insertion planned at the end of 2025, both sensors will be fully deployed and activate full operations of the PWI electric field measurements.
On differences in substituent effects in substituted ethene and acetylene derivatives and their boranyl analogs
Authors: Jabłoński Mirosław , Krygowski Tadeusz M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article is the first attempt to present different influence of substituent effects on double and triple bonds and, conversely, to present the impact of these bonds on the electronic structure of substituents. For this purpose, quantum-mechanical calculations were made for X-substituted derivatives of ethene and acetylene with 27 diverse substituents representing a wide spectrum of electronic properties, from strongly electron-accepting to strongly electron-donating ones. In addition to these systems, their boranyl derivatives are also investigated. It turns out that the Hammett substituent constants do not correctly describe changes in the CC bond length in any of the considered family of systems. However, the relationships with the CB bond length are significantly better. It is shown that the triple bond in acetylene derivatives is much more resistant to external perturbations than the double bond in the analogs containing an ethene unit. As a consequence, in acetylene derivatives, the substituent effects on CC bond length are about half of the substituent effects in ethene derivatives. We suggest that the observed lack of a clear linear correlation between the length of the CC triple bond in acetylene derivatives and the value of electron density on this bond is due to the disturbing additional interaction between the structure of the X substituent in thexyplane and theπbond being in the same plane in the acetylene unit—on the contrary, this interaction is not possible in ethene analogs.
Antiandrogene Behandlung von Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in der ambulanten Nachsorge
Authors: Voß Tatjana , Reichel Rebecca , Calvano Daniela 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie antiandrogene Behandlung von Menschen mit paraphilen Störungen, die Sexualstraftaten begangen haben, gilt inzwischen als Standard zur Reduktion ihres Rückfallrisikos. Oftmals ist die medikamentöse Behandlung eine Voraussetzung, dass eine sichere Entlassung aus dem 63iger Maßregelvollzug in ein stabiles Nachsorgesetting möglich ist. Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung weisen sowohl ein erhöhtes Risiko auf, Sexualstraftaten zu begehen, als auch ein erhöhtes einschlägiges Rückfallrisiko. Daher stellt auch für Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung (IM) eine möglicherweise langfristige antiandrogene Behandlung eine wichtige Option zur Reduktion von paraphilen Phantasien dar und reduziert eine entsprechende paraphile Ansprechbarkeit sicher und nachhaltig. Der vorliegende Beitrag schildert bei 8 Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung, die eine Sexualstraftat begangen haben, die Sicherstellung einer indizierten antiandrogenen Behandlung im ambulanten Setting im Rahmen eines Gesamtbehandlungsplans mit dem Schwerpunkt des Monitorings von unerwünschten Anwendungswirkungen.
Should Couch Potatoes Be Encouraged to Use Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation?
Authors: Minerva Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA very high percentage of the world population doesn’t exercise enough and, as a consequence, is at high risk of developing serious health conditions. Physical inactivity paired with a poor diet is the second cause of death in high income countries. In this paper, I suggest that transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) holds promise for “couch potatoes” because it could be used to make them more active, without causing any major side-effect. I also argue that other, less safe, tools could be used to achieve the goal of decreasing physical inactivity, insofar as they have overall fewer side-effects than physical inactivity.
Biomass energy as a possibility for innovative agriculture initiatives
Authors: Pimenta Ribeiro Ana , Dalmolin Silvio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn searching for sustainable solutions for humans’ necessities, clean and safe energy possibilities have been pursued. The objective of this research is to develop a procedure that improves the integration of renewable technologies into local planning processes. The methodology should be suitable for different contexts. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of energy production through agricultural waste, ensuring the sustainability and development of clean technologies, the ideal allocation of the energy production unit, and the costs involved in the enterprise. The research hypothesis is that the potential for sustainable use of biomass can be identified and evaluated, thus showing the way for an improved energy plan for Brazil. The study area is within the Doce River Basin in Brazil. The methods developed in the study could be relevant for municipalities to record their potentials for energy production and pursue investments and local arrangements, promoting sustainable biomass energy generation. The results show that with proper investment, the energy generation through biomass residues could be viable and pay itself in a short amount of time, moreover in a scenario where the agricultural area is increased, growing the power generation capacity of a biomass power plant. The current agricultural production would cover 20% of the local energy demand.
Lightweight rigidly foldable canopy using composite materials
Authors: Ando Kensuke , Izumi Bunji , Shigematsu Mizuki , Tamai Hiroki , Matsuo Jun , Mizuta Yuki , Miyata Takeshi , Sadanobu Jiro , Suto Kai , Tachi Tomohiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel origami-based portable deployable canopy system developed using fiber reinforced plastics. A modular system composed of multiple developable strips is proposed to provide a one degree-of-freedom deployment motion from a flat-folded state to a fully deployed state. Each strip is comprised of panels with embedded compliant hinges whose pattern is created in a planar configuration through the laying out of prepreg composite sheets and multi-step curing. The design process of a canopy using this system is demonstrated herein. To capture the complex behaviors and functionality, the design process involves developing different analytical models for each step starting with a simplified model and ending with a refined model. In this case, we defined a parametric design family from rigid origami theory and determined preliminary design parameters through a multi-objective optimization (MOO) scheme in order to balance performance against manufacturing constraints. We then applied geometric nonlinear analyses to assess the kinematic behaviors of the folding actions and also the buckling behavior of the structure in its deployed state. The analyses indicated the need for stability improvement, provided using tension elements. The structure was divided into developable parts that can be manufactured in a planar state. With a total mass of 27 kg, the system can be carried by two or three persons and deployed within a minute.
Rolling in the deep
Authors: Biermann Hannah , Philipsen Ralf , Brell Teresa , Ziefle Martina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutonomous driving will provide higher traffic safety, meet climate-related issues due to energy-saving mobility, and offer more comfort for drivers. To ensure reliable and safe autonomous traffic, and to provide efficient and time-critical mobility services, data exchange between road users and systems is essential. In public perception, however, sharing data and information may pose a challenge due to perceived privacy restrictions. In this paper, we address user perceptions and their acceptance towards data and information distribution in autonomous driving. In a multi-step empirical procedure, qualitative (focus groups, guided interviews) and quantitative approaches (questionnaire-study) were combined. The findings reveal that autonomous driving is commonly seen as a highly useful and appreciated technology. Though individual risk perceptions and potential drawbacks are manifold, mainly described in terms of data security and privacy-related issues. The findings contribute to research in human-automation interaction, technical development, and public communication strategies.
A Recent Tear in Subducting Plate Explains Seismicity and Upper Mantle Structure of Southern Costa Rica
Authors: Bourke J. , Levin V. , Linkimer L. , Arroyo I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPast studies of southern Costa Rica have generated a multitude of tectonic scenarios to account for different data sets. Flat slabs, detached slabs, and slab windows have been proposed to address the uplift of the Cordillera de Talamanca (CT), cessation of volcanism, and absence of deep seismicity beneath southern Costa Rica. In this study, we investigate the crust and the upper mantle along the southwest flank of the CT using the receiver function methodology. We observe two regional positive P‐to‐S converted pulses at delay times of ∼2–4 s and ∼5–8 s. The first likely represents a gradational crust‐mantle boundary of the upper plate. The second represents a similar impedance increase ∼50–60 km deep that extends from central Costa Rica to Panama. Compared to well‐located seismicity, this boundary is offset to the NE from the Cocos plate Benioff zone beneath northern CT, and remains observable through a gap in seismicity farther to the southeast. This offset makes it difficult to interpret this feature as related to the presently subducting lithosphere. Instead, we propose that the 50–60 km deep boundary marks the Moho of a lithospheric fragment left behind under the CT in the course of Panama Triple Junction migration through Costa Rica over the last 10 Ma. Our interpretation accounts for the geophysical, geochemical, structural, and geomorphic observations in the literature explaining the complex geodynamic scenario observed in southern Costa Rica.
System Identification of Local Time Electron Fluencies at Geostationary Orbit
Authors: Boynton R. J. , Aryan H. , Dimmock A. P. , Balikhin M. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe electron fluxes at geostationary orbit measured by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 13, 14, and 15 spacecraft are modeled using system identification techniques. System identification, similar to machine learning, uses input‐output data to train a model, which can then be used to provide forecasts. This study employs the nonlinear autoregressive moving average exogenous technique to deduce the electron flux models. The electron fluxes at geostationary orbit are known to vary in space and time, making it a spatiotemporal system, which complicates the modeling using system identification/machine learning approach. Therefore, the electron flux data are binned into 24 magnetic local time (MLT), and a separate model is developed for each of the 24 MLT bins. MLT models are developed for six of the GOES 13, 14, and 15 electron flux energy channels (75 keV, 150 keV, 275 keV, 475 keV, >800 keV, and >2 MeV). The models are assessed on separate test data by prediction efficiency (PE) and correlation coefficient (CC) and found these to vary by MLT and electron energy. The lowest energy of 75 keV at the midnight sector had a PE of 36.0 and CC of 59.3, which increased on the dayside to a PE of 66.9 and CC of 81.6. These metrics increased to the >2 MeV model, which had a low PE and CC of 63.0 and 81.8 on the nightside to a high of 80.3 and 90.8 on the dayside.
On The Efficiency of P‐Wave Coda Autocorrelation in Recovering Crustal Structure: Examples From Dense Arrays in the Eastern United States
Authors: Wang Chuang , Tauzin Benoît , Pham Thanh‐Son , Tkalčić Hrvoje 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to a sharp contrast in elastic properties across the basement rocks of sedimentary basins (SBs), strong reverberations are generated during the passage of seismic waves. Traditional receiver function methods become inadequate for imaging crustal structure due to the existence of these strong reverberations. We investigate the feasibility of an autocorrelation technique to extract vertical component receiver functions from teleseismic earthquake data and the efficiency of the method to image the crustal architecture in presence of a SB. The method involves spectral whitening followed by autocorrelation and stacking in the depth domain. We show promising results when using temporary seismic networks in the eastern United States. Using synthetic and field‐data examples, we demonstrate that vertical autocorrelations are more efficient than classical radial receiver functions for interpretation purposes in an SB context. We also perform a joint analysis of the amplitudes on radial and vertical receiver functions for characterizing the thickness of the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho). We find that the Moho in the eastern United States is a transitional layer (up to 5‐km thick) instead of a sharp boundary. Further, we point out that it is challenging to unambiguously pick and interpret reflected phases on autocorrelations because of the effects of reverberations, cross‐mode contaminations, and a narrow frequency band limiting the resolution of velocity gradients. We therefore send a message of caution for future interpretations based on this technique.