bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putative functional variants of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are associated with knee osteoarthritis susceptibility
Authors: Wang Kejie , Chu Minjie , Wang Feng , Zhao Yiwen , Chen Haifeng , Dai Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative musculoskeletal disease which causes joint deformity and pain and finally leads to limb dysfunction. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has the highest incidence among all kinds of OA. Strong evidence leads to the understanding that P13K/AKT/mTOR signaling is very important in cartilage degeneration.MethodsThis research sought to understand the association between genetic variation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR genes and KOA susceptibility among Chinese population. All the genetic variants of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were graded and selected using RegulomeDB database, and then, an association study including 278 osteoarthritis patients and 289 controls was conducted.ResultsFinally, eight SNPs' genotypes' distributions and susceptibility to KOA were presented. AKT1 rs2498789 was associated with KOA susceptibility in dominate genetic model (AA + GA vs GG) after adjusted for BMI, age, and gender: OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.03‐2.05, P = .03. PIK3CA rs7646409 was also associated with KOA susceptibility (TC vs TT) after adjusted for BMI, age, and gender: OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36‐0.93, P = .02. PIK3CA rs7646409 (TC vs TT) with KOA risk was more significant in age < 60 group (P for heterogeneity was .03). Risk score showed significant association with KOA susceptibility after cumulative analysis (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.35‐4.45, P = .003).ConclusionsThis study shows that genetic variation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR is associated with KOA susceptibility in Chinese Han population, indicating that PI3K/AKT/mTOR is very important in KOA pathogenesis.
Ketamine treatment affects hippocampal but not cortical mitochondrial function in prepubertal rats
Authors: Czerniczyniec Analía , Karadayian Analía G. , Bustamante Juanita , Lores‐Arnaiz Silvia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrevious reports have shown that ketamine triggered apoptosis in immature developing brain involving mitochondrial‐mediated pathways. However, no data for ketamine effects on hippocampal and cortical mitochondrial function are available in prepubertal rats. Twenty‐one‐day‐old Sprague–Dawley rats received ketamine (40 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days and were killed 24 hr after the last injection. Hippocampal mitochondria from ketamine‐treated rats showed decreased malate‐glutamate state 4 and 3 respiratory rates and an inhibition in complex I and IV activities. Hippocampal mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondrial permeability transition induction were observed. This was not reflected in an increment of H2O2 production probably due to increased Mn‐SOD and catalase activities, 24 hr after treatment. Interestingly, increased H2O2 production rates and cardiolipin oxidation were found in hippocampal mitochondria shortly after ketamine treatment (45 min). Unlike the hippocampus, ketamine did not affect mitochondrial parameters in the brain cortex, being the area less vulnerable to suffer ketamine‐induced oxidative damage. Results provide evidences that exposure of prepubertal rats to ketamine leads to an induction of mitochondrial ROS generation at early stages of treatment that was normalized by the triggering of antioxidant systems. Although hippocampal mitochondria from prepubertal rats were capable of responding to the oxidative stress, they remain partially dysfunctional.
Molecular docking and biological assessment of substituted phthalazin‐1(2H)‐one derivatives
Authors: Mahmoud Naglaa F. H. , Elsayed Galal A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract2, 4‐Disubstituted phthalazin‐1(2H)‐one derivatives were synthesized via nucleophilic attack of N‐2 of phthalazin‐1(2H)‐one derivatives on different alkyl halides. In addition, reactive phthalazinone acetohydrazide derivative was utilized as a scaffold to synthesize different heterocyclic systems. The assigned structures for all the newly synthesized derivatives were confirmed on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral data. Mechanistic illustrations for some of the synthesized compounds were also discussed. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Most of the tested compounds exhibited significant potency as antimicrobial and antitumor agents. Moreover, MOE 2014.09 software was utilized to carry out computational studies to support the biological activity results.
1,2,4‐Oxadiazole ring–containing pyridylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamides: Synthesis and evaluation as novel insecticides of the anthranilic diamide family
Authors: Khallaf Abdalla , Wang Ping , Liu Hui , Zhuo Shuping , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, we describe the preparation of pyridylpyrazole‐4‐carboxamides containing a 1,2,4‐oxadiazole ring as novel anthranilic diamide derivatives and compare their insecticidal activities to that of chlorantraniliprole, a well‐established potent insecticide. Biological activity tests reveal that all compounds had good insecticidal activities, with the most potent species achieving diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) mortalities of 100% and 57% at concentrations of 400 and 200 μg mL−1, respectively.
TCR-α/β CD4− CD8− double negative T cells arise from CD8+ T cells
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodríguez Noé , Flores-Mendoza Giovanna , Apostolidis Sokratis A , Rosetti Florencia , Tsokos George C , Crispín José C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The cellular origin of CD4− CD8− (double negative, DNT) TCR-α/β+ T cells remains unknown. Available evidence indicates that they may derive from CD8+ T cells, but most published data have been obtained using cells that bear an invariant transgenic T cell receptor that recognizes an Ag that is not present in normal mice. Here, we have used complementary fate mapping and adoptive transfer experiments to identify the cellular lineage of origin of DNT cells in wild-type mice with a polyclonal T cell repertoire. We show that TCR-α/β+ DNT cells can be traced back to CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ double positive cells in the thymus. We also demonstrate that polyclonal DNT cells generated in secondary lymphoid organs proliferate upon adoptive transfer and can regain CD8 expression in lymphopenic environment. These results demonstrate the cellular origin of DNT cells and provide a conceptual framework to understand their presence in pathological circumstances.
Wing and tail myology of Tyto furcata (Aves, Tytonidae)
Authors: Lo Coco Gastón E. , Motta Matías J. , Mosto María Clelia , Picasso Mariana B. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBarn Owls (Tytonidae) are nocturnal raptors with the largest geographical distribution among Strigiformes. Several osteological, morphometrical, and biomechanical studies of this species were performed by previous authors. Nevertheless, the myology of forelimb and tail of the Barn Owls is virtually unknown. This study is the first detailed myological study performed on the wing and tail of the American Barn Owl (Tyto furcata). A total of 11 specimens were dissected and their morphology and muscle masses were described. Although T. furcata has the wing and tail myological pattern present in other species of Strigiformes, some peculiarities were observed including a difference in the attachment of m. pectoralis propatagialis due to the lack of the os prominence, and the presence of an osseous arch in the radius that seems to widen the anchorage area of the mm. pronator profundus, extensor longus alulae, and extensor longus digiti majoris. Furthermore, the m. biceps brachii has an unusual extra belly that flexes the forearm. The interosseous muscles have a small size and lacks ossified tendons. This feature may be indicative of a lower specialization in the elevation and flexion of the digiti majoris. Forelimb and tail muscle mass account for 10.66 and 0.24% of the total body mass, respectively. Forelimb muscle mass value is similar to the nocturnal (Strigiformes) and diurnal (Falconidae and Accipitridae) raptors, while the tail value is lower than in the diurnal raptors (Falconidae and Accipitridae). The myological differences with other birds of prey are here interpreted in association with their “parachuting” hunting style. This work complements our knowledge of the axial musculature of the American Barn owls, and provides important information for future studies related to functional morphology and ecomorphology.
Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Yunhui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID‐19 or 2019‐CoV) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control the spread of disease. Here, we have conducted an online search for all treatment options related to coronavirus infections as well as some RNA‐virus infection and we have found that general treatments, coronavirus‐specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be useful in fighting COVID‐19. We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children's RNA‐virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, convalescent plasma should be given to COVID‐19 patients if it is available. In conclusion, we suggest that all the potential interventions be implemented to control the emerging COVID‐19 if the infection is uncontrollable.
Recent advances in neural network‐based inverse modeling techniques for microwave applications
Authors: Jin Jing , Feng Feng , Na Weicong , Yan Shuxia , Liu Wenyuan , Zhu Lin , Zhang Qi‐Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInverse modeling of microwave components plays an important role in microwave design and diagnosis or tuning. Since the analytical function or formula of the inverse input‐output relationship does not exist and is difficult to obtain, artificial neural network (ANN) becomes an efficient tool to develop inverse models for microwave components. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in neural network‐based inverse modeling techniques for microwave applications. We review two different shallow neural network‐based inverse modeling techniques, including the comprehensive neural network inverse modeling methodology and the multivalued neural network inverse modeling technique. Both techniques address the problem of nonuniqueness in inverse modeling. We also provide an overview of recently developed hybrid deep neural network modeling technique and the application to inverse modeling. For the inverse modeling problem with high‐dimensional inputs, the relationship between the inputs and the outputs of the inverse model will become more complicated and the inverse modeling problem will become harder. The deep neural network becomes a practical choice. The hybrid deep neural network structure is presented. The recently proposed activation function, specifically for microwave application, and a three‐stage deep learning algorithm for training the hybrid deep neural network are reviewed.
Positioning an ECG electrode to the dorsal side can record higher amplitude of CMAPs during cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Mizukami Kazuya , Homma Tsuneaki , Natsui Hiroyuki , Kato Mizuki , Otsu Keisuke , Takenaka Takashi , Sato Minoru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposePhrenic nerve injury (PNI) is one of the important complications during cryoballoon (CB) ablation. Recording diaphragmatic compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) during CB ablation can predict PNI. CMAP monitoring may be inaccurate when CMAP amplitudes are low. We examined the effect of positioning an electrocardiography (ECG) electrode at the dorsal side.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the cases of 197 consecutive patients who underwent CB ablation for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) (April 2016 to December 2018) at our institution. CMAP amplitudes were monitored using two recording methods just before cryoapplication. (a) Conventional method: right‐arm ECG electrode positioned 5 cm above the xiphoid on the ventral side; left‐arm ECG electrode positioned along the costal margin. (b) Our original method: right‐arm electrode positioned 5 cm above the xiphoid on the dorsal side; left‐arm electrode positioned along the costal margin.ResultsThe CMAP amplitude during right phrenic nerve pacing was significantly higher at the dorsal side than the ventral side (0.80 ± 0.31 mV vs 0.66 ± 0.29 mV, P < .01). Similarly, the CMAP amplitude during left phrenic nerve pacing was significantly higher at the dorsal side than the ventral side (0.92 ± 0.39 mV, 0.73 ± 0.37 mV, P < .01). PNI occurred in six patients (3.0%); three patients experienced transient PNI, another three patients experienced persistent PNI, and none developed permanent PNI.ConclusionsCMAP amplitudes were significantly high at the dorsal side compared to the ventral side. Monitoring phrenic nerve function using an ECG electrode at the dorsal side is a simple and easy procedure.
The forgotten drought of 1765–1768: Reconstructing and re‐evaluating historical droughts in the British and Irish Isles
Authors: Murphy Conor , Wilby Robert L. , Matthews Tom , Horvath Csaba , Crampsie Arlene , Ludlow Francis , Noone Simon , Brannigan Jordan , Hannaford Jamie , McLeman Robert , Jobbova Eva 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHistorical precipitation records are fundamental for the management of water resources, yet rainfall observations typically span 100–150 years at most, with considerable uncertainties surrounding earlier records. Here, we analyse some of the longest available precipitation records globally, for England and Wales, Scotland and Ireland. To assess the credibility of these records and extend them further back in time, we statistically reconstruct (using independent predictors) monthly precipitation series representing these regions for the period 1748–2000. By applying the Standardized Precipitation Index at 12‐month accumulations (SPI‐12) to the observed and our reconstructed series we re‐evaluate historical meteorological droughts. We find strong agreement between observed and reconstructed drought chronologies in post‐1870 records, but divergence in earlier series due to biases in early precipitation observations. Hence, the 1800s decade was less drought prone in our reconstructions relative to observations. Overall, the drought of 1834–1836 was the most intense SPI‐12 event in our reconstruction for England and Wales. Newspaper accounts and documentary sources confirm the extent of impacts across England in particular. We also identify a major, “forgotten” drought in 1765–1768 that affected the British‐Irish Isles. This was the most intense event in our reconstructions for Ireland and Scotland, and ranks first for accumulated deficits across all three regional series. Moreover, the 1765–1768 event was also the most extreme multi‐year drought across all regional series when considering 36‐month accumulations (SPI‐36). Newspaper and other sources confirm the occurrence and major socio‐economic impact of this drought, such as major rivers like the Shannon being fordable by foot. Our results provide new insights into historical droughts across the British Irish Isles. Given the importance of historical droughts for stress‐testing the resilience of water resources, drought plans and supply systems, the forgotten drought of 1765–1768 offers perhaps the most extreme benchmark scenario in more than 250‐years.
Inflammatory biomarkers and growth factors in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of e‐cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and dual smokers: A pilot study
Authors: Ye Dongxia , Gajendra Sangeeta , Lawyer Gina , Jadeja Neelam , Pishey Deepa , Pathagunti Srinivasa , Lyons Janet , Veazie Peter , Watson Gene , McIntosh Scott , Rahman Irfan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCigarette smoking remains one of the leading public health threats worldwide. Electronic cigarettes (e‐cigs) provide an alternative to conventional cigarette smoking; however, the evidence base of risks and benefits of e‐cig use is new and growing. In this cross‐sectional pilot study, the effect of e‐cig use on biological profiles in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was assessed and compared with the profiles of cigarette smokers (CS), dual users, and non‐users. The systemic inflammatory mediators between e‐cig users (EC) and these other groups were also assessed.MethodsThis pilot cross‐sectional study recruited volunteer participants consisting of four groups, non‐smokers (NS), CS, EC, and dual EC and cigarette smokers (DS). Saliva and GCF samples were collected and analyzed for biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, anti‐inflammatory lipid mediators, tissue injury and repair, and growth factors with immunoassay (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Luminex).ResultsSmoking status was confirmed via salivary cotinine. Prostaglandin E2 level was significantly increased in CS compared with EC and DS, but not significantly different in EC and DS groups compared with non‐smokers (NS). Statistically significant differences were observed between groups of EC and NS (myeloperoxidase [MPO], matrix metalloproteinase‐9) as well as between DS and EC for biomarkers of inflammatory mediators (receptor for advanced glycation end products [RAGE], MPO, uteroglobin/CC‐10); between groups of DS and NS for extracellular newly identified RAGE binding protein and between CS and NS for MPO. No statistically significant differences in biomarkers of immunity (S100A8, S100A9, galectin‐3), tissue injury and repair (Serpine1/PAI‐1) and growth factors (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factors, platelet‐derived growth factor‐AA, vascular endothelial growth factor, and others) were found between any of groups.ConclusionStatistically significant differences in measurable health outcomes were found between different smoking status groups, suggesting that smoking/vaping produces differential effects on oral health.
A randomized controlled trial on the impact of healing time on wound healing following ridge preservation using a 70%/30% combination of mineralized and demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft
Authors: Nelson Aaron C. , Mealey Brian L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the histologic difference in healing between ridge preservation sites treated with a combination allograft of 70% mineralized and 30% demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA) evaluated at 8 to 10 weeks versus 18 to 20 weeks post‐extraction. Changes in morphological ridge dimensions were also evaluated.MethodsForty‐four patients with a single‐rooted tooth to be extracted and replaced by a dental implant were recruited for this study. At time of extraction, measurements were taken with a custom acrylic stent, and the extraction socket was grafted with the combination allograft and covered with a nonresorbable membrane. Patients were randomly assigned to the short‐term (8 to 10 weeks) or long‐term (18 to 20 weeks) healing group. Sites were re‐entered for study measurements, a bone core sample, and implant placement. Bone cores obtained during implant placement were analyzed histologically to determine percentages of vital bone, residual graft, and CT/other.ResultsThirty‐eight of the 44 patients completed the study, 19 in each group. There was a significant difference between the two groups for mean percent vital bone formation (short‐term = 18.17%, long‐term = 40.32%, P = < 0.0001) and percentage of residual graft (short‐term = 41.54%, long‐term = 23.59%, P = < 0.0001). There was no difference in morphological changes between the two groups.ConclusionRidge preservation using combination FDBA resulted in approximately twice as much vital bone and half as much residual graft material after 18 to 20 weeks of healing compared to only 8 to 10 weeks healing.
Raman scattering measurements of phonon anharmonicity in the delafossite CuGa1‐xCrxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) films
Authors: Han Meijie , Lu Yonggeng , Liu Yonghui , Hu Zhigao , Chen Guochu , Jiang Kai , Zhang Jinzhong , Li Wenwu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRaman spectra of the delafossite CuGa1‐xCrxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solution films have been measured in the temperature range from 80 to 823 K. Raman phonon modes are observed at 224 (Ag), 328 (A2u), 396 (Eg), and 757 (A1g) cm−1 for the CuGaO2 film, and phonon modes of the CuCrO2 film are around 211 (Ag), 324 (A2u), 458 (Eg), and 712 (A1g) cm−1, respectively. The A1g phonon mode has a distinct redshift with increasing Cr composition, which indicates that the interatomic potential becomes weaker between Cu and O atoms. Except Raman modes at the Brillouin zone center, the additional phonon modes in the spectral range of 500−670 cm−1 were observed due to Raman selection rules being relaxed by the crystal defects. With increasing temperature, the A1g phonon mode undergoes a larger phonon softening but a smaller line broadening relative to that of the Eg phonon mode, which indicated the anisotropic behavior for the delafossite CuGa1‐xCrxO2 films. The nonlinear temperature dependence of the phonon frequency and linewidth is an indication of nonharmonic lattice dynamics. The Raman shift and the linewidth of the Eg and A1g optical modes as a function of temperature were studied as an experimental evidence of the combined effect of lattice expansion and anharmonic phonon–phonon interaction. And the three‐phonon anharmonic coupling plays the dominant role in the anharmonicity behavior. The phonon anharmonicity behavior of the CuGaO2 and CuCrO2 films is slightly different. The larger Γ0 is intrinsic for the A1g mode of the CuGa0.8Cr0.2O2 film due to the broadening by the crystalline defects, which perturb the translation symmetry of the harmonic crystal, making the momentum conservation rule for phonon scattering partially relaxed.
Raman spectra tell us so much more: Raman features and saturation magnetization for efficient analysis of manganese zinc ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Nekvapil Fran , Bunge Alexander , Radu Teodora , Cinta Pinzaru Simona , Turcu Rodica 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRaman spectroscopy (RS) measurements contribute to characterization of spinel phase ferrite nanoparticles. However, the capabilities of micro‐Raman analysis of such materials are presently not fully exploited. In order to expand the frontier of RS in nanomaterials research, we conducted an in‐depth study of spinel‐structured MnxZn1‐xFe2O4 nanoparticles (0.75 < x < 0.9) to prospect the linkage of their Raman features with their respective chemical or physical properties. We correlate for the first time Raman features of MnxZn1‐xFe2O4 spinel‐structured nanoparticles with their saturation magnetization (MS), most notably via the band around 713 cm−1, the area of which was found to be inversely related to MS. The insights presented here show that assessment of MS via Raman features does not require prior knowledge of neither crystalline phase nor size of particles and thus can be used for rapid assessment of newly synthetized MnxZn1‐xFe2O4 samples, boosting the efficiency of Raman technique applied to nanostructured materials research.