bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of impact of HPGR device operation on technological effectiveness of downstream operations of raw materials processing
Authors: Leśniak K , Saramak A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the paper was to investigate the impact of HPGR operation on the grinding process effectiveness. A series of laboratory crushing tests, together with tests of grinding in a ball mill, were carried out. There were determined comminution degree values for HPGR and ball mill operation. Results of investigation showed that operational pressing force may determine both effectiveness of HPGR crushing process, as well as the grinding effectiveness. The operating pressing force may influence the dust pollution level, while the noise emission level is not correlated with operational pressure.
Influence of reagent dose on the flotation selectivity of copper ore from LGOM area (SW Poland)
Authors: Duchnowska M , Bakalarz A , Luszczkiewicz A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The influence of amount of flotation reagents on the efficiency of copper ore flotation in standard laboratory experiments was investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of collector and frother amount on the selectivity of copper upgrading during flotation process of dolomite-shale ore from Fore-Sudetic Monocline area (Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin). The amount of collectors added in industrial conditions was the starting point for the process assessment. Since the dose of flotation reagents influences on the quality and quantity parameters of obtained concentrates, a decrease or increase of reagent dosage can have a major impact on the overall metal production costs at the mining-metallurgical complex.
New high definition X-ray sorting system based on X-MINE detection technology
Authors: Kolacz J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The new sorting system has been developed to achieve efficient separation at low mineral content levels. The system employs high sensitivity X-ray sensors providing multi-energy analysis, thus giving maximal information about processed materials. It makes it possible to analyse the internal structure of the particles and directly detect intrusions of minerals and metals like copper or gold. The paper describes sorting application examples for copper ore with metal content under 0.5% Cu. The sorting system still allows high efficiency analysis, quantification and removal of rock particles representing waste fraction with no metal or a negligible amount, being uneconomic to process. This brings a huge advantage, where almost no losses of valuable minerals in the waste fraction are achieved. The presented sorting system has been developed by Comex and X-MINE EU Project Consortium.
Mineralogical characterisation of Matsitama banded iron ore
Authors: Ramakgala C , Danha G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A recently discovered Banded Iron Formation (BIF) deposit on the outskirts of a village called Matsitama in the Central part of Botswana, remains unexploited due to inadequate knowledge of its mineralogy and economic value. Currently, Botswana relies on imports in order to satisfy all its iron and steel needs. Exploitation of the Matsitama iron deposit is of critical importance from a socio-economic point of view. To assess the viability and sustainability of potential economic exploitation of the deposit, characterization studies must be conducted on the ore. In this study, chemical and mineralogical examinations were carried out. Mineralogical examination was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and specific gravity by pycnometer techniques were employed in this investigation. QEMSCAN technology was used to assess bulk mineralogy (BMA) and provide Particle Map Analysis (PMA) of the ore. Major minerals analysis by XRD showed that the ore mainly comprise 54.40% hematite, 44.00% quartz, 1.10% magnetite and 0.50% goethite minerals. XRF analysis established that the ore contains 55.9% Fe2O3 and 44.2% SiO2, with minor amounts of Al2O3, Cr2O3, P2O5 and TiO2 elements. QEMSCAN analysis indicated that 75% of the hematite is fully liberated and 25% associated with quartz. Characterization results showed Matsitama ore to have a moderate hematite grade, silica but low concentration of deleterious elements (<1%) which conform to generally acceptable limits for commercially traded iron ores.
Gene copy number is associated with phytochemistry in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Vergara Daniela , Huscher Ezra L , Keepers Kyle G , Givens Robert M , Cizek Christian G , Torres Anthony , Gaudino Reggie , Kane Nolan C 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGene copy number (CN) variation is known to be important in nearly every species where it has been examined. Alterations in gene CN may provide a fast way of acquiring diversity, allowing rapid adaptation under strong selective pressures, and may also be a key component of standing genetic variation within species. Cannabis sativa plants produce a distinguishing set of secondary metabolites, the cannabinoids, many of which have medicinal utility. Two major cannabinoids—THCA (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) and CBDA (cannabidiolic acid)—are products of a three-step biochemical pathway. Using whole-genome shotgun sequence data for 69 Cannabis cultivars from diverse lineages within the species, we found that genes encoding the synthases in this pathway vary in CN. Transcriptome sequence data show that the cannabinoid paralogs are differentially expressed among lineages within the species. We also found that CN partially explains variation in cannabinoid content levels among Cannabis plants. Our results demonstrate that biosynthetic genes found at multiple points in the pathway could be useful for breeding purposes, and suggest that natural and artificial selection have shaped CN variation. Truncations in specific paralogs are associated with lack of production of particular cannabinoids, showing how phytochemical diversity can evolve through a complex combination of processes.
Sensitive Inexpensive HPLC Determination of Novel Anticancer Combination in Nanoparticles and Rat Plasma: Pharmacokinetic Application
Authors: Kamel Nayra M , Samaha Magda W , Elzoghby Ahmed O , El-Kimary Eman I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection methods have been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of genistein (GNS) and all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a novel anticancer combination therapy in their co-formulated nanoparticles and in rat plasma. Separation was performed on C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using celecoxib as internal standard. A mobile phase containing acetonitrile and water adjusted to pH 3 using 1% trifluoroacetic acid was delivered in gradient elution modes with time programmed UV detection. For extraction of the drugs and the internal standard from rat plasma, liquid- liquid extraction was applied. The proposed methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines (in the range 0.1–10 μg/mL for analysis of GNS and ATRA in nanoparticles) or according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance on bioanalytical method validation (in the range 0.025–20 μg/mL for analysis of GNS and ATRA in rat plasma). Pharmacokinetic study in six rats was performed following intravenous (IV) administration of a single dose of 0.5 mg/Kg of GNS and ATRA. The drugs’ concentrations were measured up to 24 hours, and different pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The obtained parameters were comparable with the reported values for IV administration of each drug alone in rats. This confirms the applicability of the proposed method in monitoring the levels of the two drugs in vivo following their coadministration and indicating that the two drugs could be coadministered as a promising novel combination therapy for the treatment of lung cancer without great alteration in their pharmacokinetic parameters compared with their individual IV administration.
Choice of shunt type for the Norwood I procedure: does it make a difference?
Authors: Vitanova Keti , Georgiev Stanimir , Lange Rüdiger , Cleuziou Julie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare pulmonary artery (PA) growth between patients who received a right ventricle-to-PA (RV–PA) shunt and those who received a modified Blalock–Taussig shunt (mBTS).

METHODS
All consecutive patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent the Norwood I procedure between 2001 and 2017 were included in the study. Pre-stage 2 angiograms were analysed to measure the size of the PA. The Nakata index was calculated to estimate PA growth. The ratio of the right PA to left PA cross-sectional area (RPA/LPA) was used to calculate the difference in growth between the 2 branches. Study end points were shunt failure, shunt-related mortality and growth of the PAs.

RESULTS
A total of 223 patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (RV–PA group = 137, mBTS group = 86) underwent the Norwood I procedure, and 186 patients (RV–PA n = 116, mBTS n = 70) achieved the stage 2 procedure. PA growth was better in patients with mBTS (Nakata index: RV–PA = 282, mBTS = 315 mm2/m2, P = 0.021). LPA growth was worse compared to RPA growth in both groups (RPA/LPA: RV–PA = 1.21, mBTS = 1.29, P = 1.0). Patients with RV–PA shunts experienced more frequent shunt stenosis compared to patients with mBTS (26 vs 2, P &lt; 0.010). Freedom from shunt failure was 83.3 ± 3.2% and 94 ± 2% at 6 months in the RV–PA and mBTS groups, respectively (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
PA growth is significantly better in patients who received an mBTS. Moreover, patients with an RV–PA shunt more frequently experienced shunt failure due to shunt stenosis. However, survival after the NW procedure is not shunt dependent and growth of the LPA is less pronounced than RPA, regardless of the shunt type.
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Severe Disease Is Mediated by Serum Viral Load in Pediatric Dengue Virus Infections
Authors: Waggoner Jesse J , Katzelnick Leah C , Burger-Calderon Raquel , Gallini Julia , Moore Renee H , Kuan Guillermina , Balmaseda Angel , Pinsky Benjamin A , Harris Eva 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Low preexisting anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibody levels are associated with elevated disease severity. While antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue is thought to be driven by viral load, this has not been conclusively shown. We evaluated the association between preinfection anti-DENV antibody titers, viral load, and disease severity among 133 dengue cases in a Nicaraguan pediatric cohort study.

Methods
Viral load was quantified in acute-phase serum by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and analyzed in relation to preinfection antibody titer (measured by inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and dengue severity, categorized using 3 definitions.

Results
Higher viral load was significantly associated with dengue severity; for each increase of 1.0 log10 copies/mL, the odds of severe dengue increased approximately 50%, regardless of severity definition. Viral load at presentation and the odds of severe disease were highest among patients with low to intermediate preinfection antibody titers and lowest among those with the highest antibody titers. We showed the effect of preinfection antibody titer on disease severity was mediated by viral load for each of 3 dengue severity outcomes.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the association between preinfection anti-DENV antibody titer, serum viral load, and disease severity, and provides evidence for the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement in dengue cases.
New medical uses of known medical devices – A new prespective on purpose-limited product protection for medical devices in Europe
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Oser Andreas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Medical products/devices belong to a technical field attracting increasing importance in recent years in view of a growing number of applications. However, according to the prevailing jurisprudence of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO), they generally do not enjoy the novelty privilege provided by Art. 54(4) und (5) EPC, as this is said to be applicable only to classical medicaments. According to the current approach, it is decisive whether the subject is a substance or a composition. Although these terms may be interpreted broadly, obtaining patent protection for new uses of known med-tech products was successful only in narrowly-defined and limited cases. In a recently published decision, a Board of Appeal for the first time gave a detailed explanation of the narrow interpretation of the aforementioned terms and further refined the jurisprudence with respect to medical products/devices. This article reviews the legal development and summarizes the current status on the subject. It then critically deals with the current considerations of the EPO Boards of Appeal regarding the narrow interpretation of Art. 54(4) and (5) EPC and presents arguments in favor of a broader interpretation. Finally, the article discusses whether a clarification of the outstanding questions on this important topic can reasonably be expected and how this could evolve.
Feeding Response to Select Monosaccharides, Sugar Alcohols, and Artificial Sweeteners Relative to Sucrose in Adult House Flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: King B H , Taylor E E , Burgess Edwin R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Use of insecticidal baits risks the evolution of resistance to the feeding stimulant in the bait, not just to the active ingredient (toxicant). Sucrose-based baits are widely used against house flies, Musca domestica L. The baits are applied as dry granules, but readily liquefy. The proboscis extension reflex (PER) and consumption of alternative sweeteners, dry or in solution, were examined. Fructose, glucose, and xylitol merit further study as alternatives to sucrose. Dry, fructose, glucose, and xylitol elicited PER much more than sucrose, although not when in solution. Furthermore, dry or in solution, females and males ate as much or more fructose as sucrose. In solution, flies ate as much glucose as sucrose; although when dry, consumption was much less for glucose than sucrose. Dry, xylitol elicited as much consumption as sucrose for females, though less for males. In solution, for both sexes, xylitol elicited less consumption than sucrose did. Acesulfame potassium, sodium cyclamate, and sucralose do not look promising as they did not often elicit PER, whether dry or in solution. Erythritol also does not look promising. Erythritol elicited PER no more than sucrose did when dry and elicited PER much less than sucrose when in solution. Flies ate much less erythritol than sucrose whether dry or in solution.
Wave heating from proto-neutron star convection and the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism
Authors: Gossan Sarah E , Fuller Jim , Roberts Luke F 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Our understanding of the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism is incomplete. While the favoured scenario is delayed revival of the stalled shock by neutrino heating, it is difficult to reliably compute explosion outcomes and energies, which depend sensitively on the complex radiation hydrodynamics of the post-shock region. The dynamics of the (non-)explosion depend sensitively on how energy is transported from inside and near the proto-neutron star (PNS) to material just behind the supernova shock. Although most of the PNS energy is lost in the form of neutrinos, hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic waves can also carry energy from the PNS to the shock. We show that gravity waves excited by core PNS convection can couple with outgoing acoustic waves that present an appreciable source of energy and pressure in the post-shock region. Using one-dimensional simulations, we estimate the gravity wave energy flux excited by PNS convection and the fraction of this energy transmitted upwards to the post-shock region as acoustic waves. We find wave energy fluxes near $10^{51}\, \mathrm{erg}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}\,$ are likely to persist for $\sim \! 1\, \mathrm{s}$ post-bounce. The wave pressure on the shock may exceed $10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the thermal pressure, potentially contributing to shock revival and, subsequently, a successful and energetic explosion. We also discuss how future simulations can better capture the effects of waves, and more accurately quantify wave heating rates.
INTELLANCE 2/EORTC 1410 randomized phase II study of Depatux-M alone and with temozolomide vs temozolomide or lomustine in recurrent EGFR amplified glioblastoma
Authors: Van Den Bent Martin , Eoli Marica , Sepulveda Juan Manuel , Smits Marion , Walenkamp Annemiek , Frenel Jean-Sebastian , Franceschi Enrico , Clement Paul M , Chinot Olivier , De Vos Filip , Whenham Nicolas , Sanghera Paul , Weller Michael , Dubbink H J , French Pim , Looman Jim , Dey Jyotirmoy , Krause Scott , Ansell Pete , Nuyens Sarah , Spruyt Maarten , Brilhante Joana , Coens Corneel , Gorlia Thierry , Golfinopoulos Vassilis 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Depatuxizumab mafodotin (Depatux-M) is a tumor-specific antibody–drug conjugate consisting of an antibody (ABT-806) directed against activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the toxin monomethylauristatin-F. We investigated Depatux-M in combination with temozolomide or as a single agent in a randomized controlled phase II trial in recurrent EGFR amplified glioblastoma.

Methods
Eligible were patients with centrally confirmed EGFR amplified glioblastoma at first recurrence after chemo-irradiation with temozolomide. Patients were randomized to either Depatux-M 1.25 mg/kg every 2 weeks intravenously, or this treatment combined with temozolomide 150–200 mg/m2 day 1–5 every 4 weeks, or either lomustine or temozolomide. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival.

Results
Two hundred sixty patients were randomized. In the primary efficacy analysis with 199 events (median follow-up 15.0 mo), the hazard ratio (HR) for the combination arm compared with the control arm was 0.71 (95% CI = 0.50, 1.02; P = 0.062). The efficacy of Depatux-M monotherapy was comparable to that of the control arm (HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.73, 1.48; P = 0.83). The most frequent toxicity in Depatux-M treated patients was a reversible corneal epitheliopathy, occurring as grades 3–4 adverse events in 25–30% of patients. In the long-term follow-up analysis with median follow-up of 28.7 months, the HR for the comparison of the combination arm versus the control arm was 0.66 (95% CI = 0.48, 0.93).

Conclusion
This trial suggests a possible role for the use of Depatux-M in combination with temozolomide in EGFR amplified recurrent glioblastoma, especially in patients relapsing well after the end of first-line adjuvant temozolomide treatment. (NCT02343406)
A stage-specific cell-manipulation platform for inducing endothelialization on demand
Authors: Zhao Qilong , Wang Juan , Wang Yunlong , Cui Huanqing , Du Xuemin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEndothelialization is of great significance for vascular remodeling, as well as for the success of implanted vascular grafts/stents in cardiovascular disease treatment. However, desirable endothelialization on synthetic biomaterials remains greatly challenging owing to extreme difficulty in offering dynamic guidance on endothelial cell (EC) functions resembling the native extracellular matrix-mediated effects. Here, we demonstrate a bilayer platform with near-infrared-triggered transformable topographies, which can alter the geometries and functions of human ECs by tunable topographical cues in a remote-controlled manner, yet cause no damage to the cell viability. The migration and the adhesion/spreading of human ECs are respectively promoted by the temporary anisotropic and permanent isotropic topographies of the platform in turn, which appropriately meet the requirements of stage-specific EC manipulation for endothelialization. In addition to the potential of promoting the development of a new generation of vascular grafts/stents enabling rapid endothelialization, this stage-specific cell-manipulation platform also holds promise in various biomedical fields, since the needs for stepwise control over different cell functions are common in wound healing and various tissue-regeneration processes.
Psyllium husk intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based scientific and regulatory review of a qualified health claim conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Rivers Crystal R , Kantor Mark A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received a petition from a company requesting that FDA issue an authorized health claim for the relationship between psyllium husk and a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. After an initial assessment of the available scientific evidence, FDA determined that significant scientific agreement was lacking for this substance-disease relationship, whereupon the company agreed to have its petition reviewed as a qualified health claim. This article describes the process FDA used in conducting an evidence-based review of the science underpinning the proposed claim and addresses certain safety issues associated with psyllium husk that FDA considered in its review of the petition. Of the 6 studies from which scientific conclusions could be drawn, as identified through FDA’s review, psyllium husk significantly improved plasma glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in only 1 study. Therefore, FDA’s enforcement discretion letter for this qualified health claim stated: “Psyllium husk may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, although the FDA has concluded that there is very little scientific evidence for this claim.”
Altered Root Structure Affects Both Expression and Cellular Localization of Transporters for Mineral Element Uptake in Rice
Authors: Yu En , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One of the most important roles of plant roots is to take up mineral elements for their growth. Although several genes involved in root growth have been identified, the association between root structure and mineral element uptake is less investigated. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant (dice1, defective in cell elongation 1) with short-root phenotype. This mutant was characterized by partial defect in the formation of root outer cell layers. Mapping of the responsible gene revealed that the short-root phenotype in the mutant was caused by a single-nucleotide substitution of a gene encoding a membrane-anchored endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (OsGlu3). The growth of both the roots and shoots was partially recovered with increasing strength of nutrient solution and glucose in the mutant. The mutant showed a decreased uptake (normalized by root dry weight) for Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Ge but increased uptake for K and Ca. The expression level of some transporter genes including OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 for Si uptake and OsNramp5 for Mn uptake was significantly decreased in the mutant compared with the wild-type (WT) rice. Furthermore, the cellular localization of OsLsi1 was altered; OsLsi1 localized at the root exodermis of the WT rice was changed to be localized to other cell layers of the mutant roots. However, this localization became normal in the presence of exogenous glucose in the mutant. Our results indicate that a normal root structure is required for maintaining the expression and localization of transporters involved in the mineral element uptake.
A Unified Factorization Theorem for Lipschitz Summing Operators
Authors: Botelho Geraldo , Maia Mariana , Pellegrino Daniel , Santos Joedson 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We prove a general factorization theorem for Lipschitz summing operators in the context of metric spaces that recovers several linear and nonlinear factorization theorems that have been proved recently in different environments. New applications are also given.