bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting efficiency of heat‐treated nickel–titanium single‐file systems at different incidence angles
Authors: Pedullà Eugenio , La Paglia Pietro , La Rosa Giusy Rita Maria , Gueli Anna Maria , Pasquale Stefania , Jaramillo David E. , Forner Leopoldo , Lo Savio Fabio , La Rosa Guido , Rapisarda Ernesto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCutting efficiency of Reciproc R25 (REC) and Reciproc blue R25 (REB) at different inclinations was evaluated. Sixty new files were tested at 90°, 70° and 45° of inclination in relation to the sample (n = 10), using a customised machine. All files were activated in reciprocation against standardised gypsum blocks for 120 s. Cutting efficiency was determined by measuring the block weight loss with an analytical balance and measuring the length of the block surface cut using a digital calliper. Data were statistically analysed (two‐way ANOVA, Bonferroni t‐test) with the significance level set at P < 0.05. There was no difference for REC among the tested angles. REB had no statistical difference between 90° and 70°; however, its cutting efficiency significantly increased at 45°. There was a significant difference between REC and REB at 45° only. Under these conditions, increased file inclination to 45° and blue heat treatment improved cutting efficiency of reciprocating files.
Board‐level employee representative independence: Myth or reality? Theoretical analysis and empirical research—the case for Slovenia
Authors: Franca Valentina , Strojin Štampar Anja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines board‐level employee representative independence with regard to said representatives’ dual role as employee representatives and supervisory body members. In the context of corporate governance, board member independence has been of increasing interest, though this has mostly been related to shareholder representatives. We address board‐level employee representative independence focused on Slovenia, a central‐eastern European country with a developed system of employee participation. We conducted qualitative research at twelve public limited companies in Slovenia to gain in‐depth understanding, with a CEO or board member, board‐level employee representative and works councillor not at board‐level being interviewed in situ following the same semi‐structured format. Results indicate legal and practical concern regarding board‐level employee representative independence, calling for further research and regulation.
Risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is similar to type 1 diabetes and lower compared to type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Maddaloni Ernesto , Moretti Chiara , Del Toro Rossella , Sterpetti Sara , Ievolella Maria Vittoria , Arnesano Gabriele , Strollo Rocky , Briganti Silvia Irina , D'Onofrio Luca , Pozzilli Paolo , Buzzetti Raffaella 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsMicrovascular complications' risk differs between people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and people with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate whether the prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy, a life‐threatening complication of diabetes, also varies depending on diabetes type.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 43 adults with LADA, 80 with type 1 diabetes and 61 with type 2 diabetes were screened for cardiac autonomic neuropathy with recommended tests. Logistic regression models were used to test differences between diabetes types adjusting for confounders.ResultsCardiac autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed in 17 (40%) participants with LADA, 21 (26%) participants with type 1 diabetes and 39 (64%) participants with type 2 diabetes (p < 0.001). The odds ratio (OR) for cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes and in type 2 diabetes compared to LADA were 0.54 (95% CI: 0.25–1.20, p‐value: 0.13) and 2.71 (95% CI: 1.21–6.06, p‐value 0.015) respectively. Smoking (adjOR 3.09, 95% CI: 1.40–6.82, p‐value: 0.005), HDL cholesterol (adjOR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.93, p‐value: 0.037) and hypertension (adjOR 2.11, 95% CI: 1.05–4.24, p‐value: 0.037) were independent modifiable risk factors for cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Differences among diabetes types did not change after correction for confounders.ConclusionsThis is the first study offering a comparative evaluation of cardiac autonomic neuropathy among LADA, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, showing a lower risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in LADA compared to type 2 diabetes and similar compared to type 1 diabetes. This disparity was not due to differences in age, metabolic control or cardiovascular risk factors.
Characteristics and preferences of volunteers in a large national bird conservation program in Australia
Authors: Thomas Janelle L. , Cullen Meghan , O'Leary Danielle , Wilson Caroline , Fitzsimons James A. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryVolunteers and citizen scientists can make an important contribution to bird monitoring and threatened species conservation projects. Members of BirdLife Australia’s Threatened Bird Network (TBN), a programme which encouraged community participation in conservation projects for threatened birds, were surveyed in 2013 to gain an insight into their demographics and volunteering motivation and preferences. In the 2013 survey, a large proportion of survey respondents were aged between 55 and 74 years old and over half were retired, representing a higher proportion of retired participants than found in a similar study of TBN members in 2000. A large proportion (69%) of respondents had volunteered with TBN projects (occasionally or at least once per year), despite being involved with other environmental groups. Respondents that volunteered mostly preferred short‐term (one day) field‐based volunteer activities, with nearly half also preferring to travel 50 km or less to participate in a project. Less than one third of respondents had never volunteered with TBN projects; this was attributed to not enough projects close to home, time restrictions and lack of transport. Preferences of volunteers in the 2013 survey were similar to those undertaken in 2000 for the majority of responses, including the preference for the activity occurring outdoors, the importance of regular feedback from the organiser, the moderate importance placed on seeing target species and the lack of importance for the provision of transport. A higher importance was placed on the following factors in the 2013 survey responses compared to 2000 (potentially influenced by the higher number of retirees): Having activities closer to home, the activity not being too physically demanding, the opportunity for free time during the activity, good weather was predicted on the day of the activity, existing skills were adequate for the activity, and accommodation was provided if required.
Immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia in 25 adult equids: 1997‐2016
Authors: Easton‐Jones Charlotte A. , Estell Krista E. , Magdesian K. Gary 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundInformation concerning clinical presentation, conditions associated with immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) and thrombocytopenia (IMTP) and outcome in equids is lacking. Previous case reports suggest that immune‐mediated disease and neoplasia are associated.ObjectivesCharacterise the clinical presentation, clinicopathologic data, underlying conditions, treatment and outcome of IMHA and IMTP cases in equids. We hypothesise that IMHA with concurrent thrombocytopenia occurs more often than IMHA or IMTP alone, and that neoplasia is commonly associated with these immune diseases and cases frequently have a poor prognosis.Study designRetrospective case‐control study.MethodsMedical records were reviewed from 1997 to 2016. Twenty‐five equids were diagnosed with IMHA, IMTP or IMHA with thrombocytopenia by Coombs test or flow cytometry. Controls were equids presented for nonimmune‐mediated disease immediately prior to and after study animals. Fisher's exact test was used to compare between groups for categorical variables (P < .05). Results reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Unpairedttest and Mann‐Whitney test were used to compare between groups for continuous variables (P < .05).ResultsNeoplasia incidence was significantly higher in the study population (28%) versus controls (8%) (P = .04). Equids with primary disease were more likely to survive to discharge than equids with secondary disease (8/9 vs 7/16;P = .03; OR = 13.3; 95% CI: 1.3‐134.7). Survivors had a significantly lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than those that died or were subjected to euthanasia (survivors, 6.1 ± 2.5 mmol/L vs nonsurvivors, 9.9 ± 3.1 mmol/LP = .003). The odds of short‐term mortality were higher in horses presenting with increased BUN (OR = 19.5; 95% CI, 1.8‐214.1;P = .009).Main limitationsRetrospective nature of the study, small case numbers and limited long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionsPrimary IMHA/IMTP cases have a reasonable prognosis and warrant treatment. Secondary cases have a poor prognosis, and are frequently associated with cancer. BUN may have utility as a prognostic indicator for IMHA/IMTP cases.
Simulation and experimental study of mechanical and fracture behavior of 2.5D woven C‐fiber/aluminum composites under warp directional tension loading
Authors: Wang Zhenjun , Wang Zhongyuan , Liu Yong , Cai Changchun , Xiong Bowen , Wang Zhitai , Xu Zhifeng , Yu Huan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe mechanical and fracture behavior of innovative 2.5D woven fabric/aluminum composites under warp directional tension were investigated via micromechanical simulation and experiments. The tensile curves from the simulation correspond well with the testing curves, where calculation errors of the elastic modulus, ultimate strength, and fracture strain are 3.96%, 1.40%, and −5.49%, respectively. The warp yarn interface and neighboring matrix are damaged during the initial tension process. The accumulation and interaction of these damage zones lead to successive failures of the interface, matrix, and weft yarns. The axial fracture of warp yarns ultimately induces failure of the composite, which exhibits transverse crack of weft yarns with interfacial debonding and axial fracture of warp yarns with fiber pulling out. The elastic modulus and ultimate strength increased with an increase in the weft yarn layer spacing or a decrease in the warp yarn layer spacing, whereas the fracture strain decreased with an increase in the layer spacing of the warp or weft yarns.
Use of long‐term (40+ year) trend data to evaluate management actions on brown trout,Salmo trutta,populations in groundwater‐fed streams
Authors: Dieterman Douglas J. , Hoxmeier R. John H. , Roloff Jason , Staples David F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 40+ year programme to monitor brown trout,Salmo truttaL. (populations at 25 groundwater‐fed stream sites in southeast Minnesota, USA, was initiated to identify population trends, evaluate management actions and test ecological theories regulating populations. Significant increases between 1970 and 2018 were found for total biomass (an average of 5% annually) and abundance of juveniles (7%), all adults (7%) and adults ≥305 mm (3%). Sites managed with instream habitat projects had an additional 30% higher abundance for trout ≥305 mm and 57% higher for trout ≥355 mm. Sites managed with a catch‐and‐release regulation had nearly 130% higher abundance of trout ≥305 mm and 100% higher for trout ≥355 mm. Trout recruitment was temporally synchronous over the 9,200 km2area but not associated with spatial distance. There was little support for stock–recruitment relationships, and density‐dependent growth was only detected at half of the study sites. Increasing abundance trends represent a fisheries management success and suggest that these populations were largely regulated by a coupling of abiotic factors managed at two spatial scales: watershed (improved land use practices facilitating greater water infiltration) and instream (habitat improvement projects).
Deconstructing the abundance–suitability relationship in species distribution modelling
Authors: Jiménez‐Valverde Alberto , Aragón Pedro , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimLocal suitability estimated with species distribution models (SDMs) could indicate the maximum abundance attainable by species. Often the abundance–suitability relationship is wedge‐shaped because species do not reach their maximum potential in every suitable location. We explore how SDM performance, the amount of information lost when converting continuous abundance into presence–absence data and species prevalence influence the abundance–suitability relationship.LocationUndefined.Time periodUndefined.Major taxaVirtual species.MethodsDifferent abundance scenarios were simulated and converted into presence–absence maps. SDMs were parameterized using simulated predictors with different explanatory capacities. Quantile regressions were performed to characterize the abundance–suitability relationship. The strength of the wedge‐shaped pattern was estimated using the difference in slopes between the 90th and 50th quantile lines, the goodness‐of‐fit of the 90th quantile regressions was calculated, and variation of both parameters was analysed as a function of SDM performance, prevalence and maximum abundance.ResultsThe degree of wedge shape was directly related to maximum abundance. It also depended on SDM quality; the higher the discrimination capacity, the less wedge‐shaped the abundance–suitability relationship and higher the goodness‐of‐fit of the 90th quantile regressions. Prevalence exerted a significant effect on the shape of the relationship by influencing—together with maximum abundance—the extent of information loss.Main conclusionsSDMs cannot predict actual abundance even when the true determinants of abundance are included as predictors. Because presence–absence and abundance data are related but are different variables, wedge‐shaped patterns are unavoidable. Discrimination capacity and prevalence affect the strength of the wedge‐shaped pattern, so understanding their effects is necessary before any biological explanation is provided for the abundance–suitability relationship. Suitability maps derived from SDMs may transmit a false sense of precision at a local scale and should not be used as a perfect surrogate when abundance information is required.
COVID‐19: Impacts on oral healthcare delivery in dependent older adults
Authors: Lundberg Andrea , Hillebrecht Anna‐Lena , McKenna Gerald , Srinivasan Murali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impacts of restrictions to the provision of dental services for dependent older patients due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsData were gathered on the number of dependent older patients treated, emergency treatment provided and the revenues generated by a specialised clinic for geriatric dentistry during the current pandemic period and compared with the recorded clinical activity from the preceding year. Hypothetical projections were generated for the remainder of the current year based on the assumption that restrictions due to COVID‐19 would remain.ResultsA significant decrease in the total number of dependent older patients treated was recorded during the periods of January‐March 2020 (P = .026) and April‐May 2020 (P = .001) when compared to 2019. According to projections, by December 2020 the clinic will be providing 81.14% less clinical activity compared to 2019 (P < .0001), including a complete cessation of domiciliary services. Despite decreases in expenditure, revenues generated by the clinic have decreased significantly due to reduced clinical activity during January‐March 2020 (P = .268) and April‐May 2020 (P = .010) compared to 2019, and would decline further by 899.61% by December 2020.ConclusionsThe restrictions implemented to prevent the spread of COVID‐19 have resulted in a significant reduction in oral healthcare provision for dependent older adults. Within this clinic, dedicated to dependent older adults, clinical activity is projected to reduce by 81% by the end of 2020 with associated reductions in revenue generation. Given the importance of oral healthcare delivery for this patient group, this may have significant and lasting impacts.
Allodynia and Disability in Migraine: The Mediating Role of Stress
Authors: Polk Ashley N. , Protti Tracy A. , Smitherman Todd A. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study sought to investigate the relationship between allodynia, psychological variables, and disability among individuals with migraine.BackgroundA growing body of research views migraine as a condition of stress‐related physiological dysregulation. Cutaneous allodynia is one manifestation of this dysregulation and affects a majority of individuals with migraine, though it is typically discussed in the context of headache pathophysiology. Stress, like allodynia, is implicated in the development of central sensitization and migraine progression. However, the contributions of stress and related psychological factors in allodynia and resulting disability remain largely unknown.MethodsA cross‐sectional study at a Southern U.S. university queried young adults with migraine regarding headache symptoms, disability, allodynia symptom frequency, and psychological variables using validated measures. Relations among allodynia and psychological variables of relevance were examined, including the association between allodynia and disability after controlling for pain severity. Subsequently, we assessed whether stress mediated the relationship between allodynia and disability.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 147 young adults (87.8% [129/147] female, mean age = 19.0 ± 2.4) with an average headache frequency of 9.9 days per month (SD = 5.9). Increases in allodynia showed small associations with increases in stress, (r = 0.26, P = .001), fear of pain (r = 0.22, P = .008), and headache‐related disability (r = 0.18, P = .003); and a small association with reduced self‐efficacy (r = −0.16, P = .049). Allodynia significantly predicted disability even after controlling for pain severity (∆R2 = 0.02, P = .040), and the allodynia‐disability relationship was mediated by stress (point estimate = 0.10, 95% CI [0.02‐0.21]), such that as allodynia severity increased, stress increased and subsequent disability worsened.ConclusionsThis study establishes meaningful relationships between allodynia and psychological variables of importance to headache self‐management and adaptive coping. Allodynia exerts some effect on disability independent of pain itself, and this relationship is partially driven by stress. This study highlights the potential role of the stress response among those with allodynia, and further research is needed to determine if migraine interventions that target maladaptive stress responses may reduce disability by impeding the feedforward loop of allostatic load.
Designing strategies for eradication of Helicobacter pylori based on prevalence patterns of infection and antibiotic resistance in a low‐income, medically underserved community in the United States
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Chung Hansol , Awan Imad , Mone Anjali , Cooper Robert , Patel Sanket , Grigoryan Zoya , Ishida Yojiro , Papachristou Charalampos , Judge Thomas , DeSipio Joshua , Phadtare Sangita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegional variation in Helicobacter pylori resistance patterns is a significant contributing factor for the ineffectiveness of traditional treatments. To improve treatment outcomes, we sought to create an individualized, susceptibility‐driven therapeutic approach among our patient population, which is one of the poorest in the nation. It is medically underserved, minority‐predominant and has high incidence of H pylori infection.MethodsWe compiled various factors involved in the antibiotic resistance of H pylori from literature. We then created a predictive model to customize therapies based on analyzed data from 2,014 H pylori patients with respect to several of these factors. The predictions of the model were further tested with analysis of patient stool samples.ResultsA clear pattern of H pylori prevalence and antibiotic resistance was observed in our patients. We observed that majority of H pylori patients were women (62%) and over the age of 40 years (80%). 30% and 36% of the H pylori patients were African American and Hispanic, respectively. A median household income of less than $54,000, past H pylori infection, previous use of certain antibiotics for any infection decreased the chance of eradication. Results of the stool testing were consistent with model predictions (90% accuracy).ConclusionThis model demonstrates the predictive accuracy of H pylori infection and antibiotic resistance based on patient attributes and previous treatment history. It will be useful to formulate customized treatments with predicted outcomes to minimize failures. Our community attributes may contribute toward broad applicability of model for other similar communities.
Circ_0067835 sponges miR‐324‐5p to induce HMGA1 expression in endometrial carcinoma cells
Authors: Liu Yun , Chang Yue , Cai Yixuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEndometrial cancer is a common gynaecological malignant tumour among women across the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel kind of non‐coding RNAs, and they can play a crucial role in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of circRNAs in regulating gene expression in endometrial cancer are still unclear. Here, our work sought to focus on the role that circ_0067835 exert in progression and development of endometrial cancer cells. We observed circ_0067835 was markedly elevated in endometrial cancer. Then, changes in endometrial cancer cell (RL95‐2 and HEC‐1B) function were determined after circ_0067835 knockdown. Loss‐of‐functional assays revealed that circ_0067835 down‐regulation significantly repressed RL95‐1 and HEC‐1B cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter experiment and RNA pull‐down assay were employed to predict and validate circ_0067835 can bind to miR‐324‐5p. Increase in miR‐324‐5p remarkably depressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells via inhibiting high mobility group A1 (HMGA1). HMGA1 is identified as a vital prognostic biomarker in endometrial cancer. Currently, we reported circ_0067835 was positively correlated with HMGA1 in endometrial cancer. We implied that circ_0067835 was capable of sponging miR‐324‐5p and inducing its downstream target HMGA1 in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, circ_0067835 can compete with miR‐324‐5p, resulting in HMGA1 up‐regulation, and therefore induce the development of endometrial cancer.