bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network perception task migration in cloud-edge fusion computing
Authors: Ling Chen , Zhang Weizhe , He Hui , Tian Yu-chu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the development of cloud computing, edge computing has been proposed to provide real-time and low-delay services to users. Current research usually integrates cloud computing and edge computing as cloud-edge fusion computing for more personalized services. However, both cloud computing and edge computing suffer from high network consumption, which remains a key problem yet to be solved in cloud-edge fusion computing environments. The cost of network consumption can be divided into two parts: migration costs and communication costs. To solve the high network consumption problem, some virtual machines can be migrated from overloaded physical machines to others with the help of virtualization technology. Current network perception migration strategies focus more on the communication cost by optimizing the communication topology. Considering both communication and migration costs, this paper addresses the high network consumption problem in terms of the communication correlations of virtual machines and the network traffic of the migration process. It proposes three heuristic virtual machine migration algorithms, LM, mCaM and mCaM2, to balance communication costs and migration costs. The performance of these algorithms is compared with those of existing virtual machine migration algorithms through experiments. The experimental results show that our virtual machine migration algorithms clearly optimize the communication cost and migration cost. These three algorithms have a lower network cost than AppAware, an existing algorithm, by 20% on average. This means that these three algorithms improve the network performance and reduce the network consumption in cloud-edge fusion computing environments. They also outperform existing algorithms in terms of operation time by 70% on average.
Increased prediction value of biomarker combinations for the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia
Authors: Zhao Aonan , Li Yuanyuan , Yan Yi , Qiu Yinghui , Li Binyin , Xu Wei , Wang Ying , Liu Jun , Deng Yulei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia can be predicted by clinical features and a combination of biomarkers may increase the predictive power. In the present study, we investigated whether the combination of olfactory function and plasma neuronal-derived exosome (NDE) Aβ1–42 can best predict progression to AD dementia.

Methods
87 MCI patients were enrolled and received the cognitive assessment at 2-year and 3-year follow-up to reevaluate cognition. In the meanwhile, 80 healthy controls and 88 AD dementia patients were enrolled at baseline as well to evaluate the diagnose value in cross-section. Olfactory function was evaluated with the sniffin sticks (SS-16) and Aβ1–42 levels in NDEs were determined by ELISA. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the risk factors for cognitive decline in MCI at 2-year and 3-year revisits.

Results
In the cross cohort, lower SS-16 scores and higher Aβ1–42 levels in NDEs were found in MCI and AD dementia compared to healthy controls. For the longitudinal set, 8 MCI individuals developed AD dementia within 2 years, and 16 MCI individuals developed AD dementia within 3 years. The two parameter-combination of SS-16 scores and Aβ1–42 level in NDEs showed better prediction in the conversion of MCI to AD dementia at 2-year and 3-year revisit. Moreover, after a 3-year follow-up, SS-16 scores also significantly predicted the conversion to AD dementia, where lower scores were associated with a 10-fold increased risk of developing AD dementia (p = 0.006). Similarly, higher Aβ1–42 levels in NDEs in patients with MCI increased the risk of developing AD dementia by 8.5-fold (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
A combination of two biomarkers of NDEs (Aβ1–42) and SS-16 predicted the conversion of MCI to AD dementia more accurately in combination. These findings have critical implications for understanding the pathophysiology of AD dementia and for developing preventative treatments for cognitive decline.
Inflammation-induced PINCH expression leads to actin depolymerization and mitochondrial mislocalization in neurons
Authors: Natarajaseenivasan Kalimuthusamy , Shanmughapriya Santhanam , Velusamy Prema , Sayre Matthew , Garcia Alvaro , Gomez Nestor Mas , Langford Dianne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiseases and disorders with a chronic neuroinflammatory component are often linked with changes in brain metabolism. Among neurodegenerative disorders, people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are particularly vulnerable to metabolic disturbances, but the mechanistic connections of inflammation, neurodegeneration and bioenergetic deficits in the central nervous system (CNS) are poorly defined. The particularly interesting new cysteine histidine-rich-protein (PINCH) is nearly undetectable in healthy mature neurons, but is robustly expressed in tauopathy-associated neurodegenerative diseases including HIV infection and AD. Although robust PINCH expression has been reported in neurons in the brains of patients with HIV and AD, the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of increased PINCH expression in CNS disease remain largely unknown.MethodsWe investigated the regulatory mechanisms responsible for PINCH protein-mediated changes in bioenergetics, mitochondrial subcellular localization and bioenergetic deficits in neurons exposed to physiological levels of TNFα or the HIV protein Tat. Changes in the PINCH-ILK-Parvin (PIP) complex association with cofilin and TESK1 were assessed to identify factors responsible for actin depolymerization and mitochondrial mislocalization. Lentiviral and pharmacological inhibition experiments were conducted to confirm PINCH specificity and to reinstate proper protein-protein complex communication.ResultsWe identified MEF2A as the PINCH transcription factor in neuroinflammation and determined the biological consequences of increased PINCH in neurons. TNFα-mediated activation of MEF2A via increased cellular calcium induced PINCH, leading to disruption of the PIP ternary complex, cofilin activation by TESK1 inactivation, and actin depolymerization. The disruption of actin led to perinuclear mislocalization of mitochondria by destabilizing the kinesin-dependent mitochondrial transport machinery, resulting in impaired neuronal metabolism. Blocking TNFα-induced PINCH expression preserved mitochondrial localization and maintained metabolic functioning.ConclusionsThis study reported for the first time the mechanistic and biological consequences of PINCH expression in CNS neurons in diseases with a chronic neuroinflammation component. Our findings point to the maintenance of PINCH at normal physiological levels as a potential new therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases with impaired metabolisms.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation without target temperature management for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients prolongs the therapeutic time window: a retrospective analysis of a nationwide multicentre observational study in Japan
Authors: Kitada Maki , Kaneko Tadashi , Yamada Shu , Harada Masahiro , Takahashi Takeshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a promising therapy for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR). The no and low-flow time (NLT), the interval from collapse to reperfusion to starting ECMO or to the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in CCPR, is associated with the neurological outcome of OHCA. Because the effects of target temperature management (TTM) on the outcomes of ECPR are unclear, we compared the neurological outcomes of OHCA between ECPR and CCPR without TTM.

Methods
We performed retrospective subanalyses of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine OHCA registry. Witnessed cases of adult cardiogenic OHCA without TTM were selected. We performed univariate, multivariable and propensity score analyses to compare the neurological outcomes after ECPR or CCPR in all eligible patients and in patients with NLT of > 30 min or > 45 min.

Results
We analysed 2585 cases. Propensity score analysis showed negative result in all patients (odds ratio 0.328 [95% confidence interval 0.141–0.761], P = 0.010). However, significant associated with better neurological outcome was shown in patients with NLT of > 30 min or > 45 min (odds ratio 2.977 [95% confidence interval 1.056–8.388], P = 0.039, odds ratio 5.099 [95% confidence interval 1.259–20.657], P = 0.023, respectively).

Conclusion
This study revealed significant differences in the neurological outcomes between ECPR and CCPR without TTM, in patients with NLT of > 30 min.
Understanding first-generation undergraduate engineering students’ entry and persistence through social capital theory
Authors: Martin Julie P. , Stefl Shannon K. , Cain Lindsey W. , Pfirman Aubrie L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The higher education literature is replete with deficit-based studies of first-generation college students. By thinking of students’ social relationships as embedded assets, our research adds to an anti-deficit, or asset-based, framing of first-generation students majoring in engineering. Our multi-institution study qualitatively characterizes how the various people (alters) in students’ social networks provide expressive and instrumental social capital that helps students decide to enter and then to persist in undergraduate engineering majors. Our work compares and contrasts social capital assets described by first-generation college students and those described by continuing-generation college students.

Results
Both first-generation college students and continuing-generation college students described how they leveraged the social capital inherent in their social relationships. In our comparison of the two groups, we found far more similarities than differences in the way participants described their social capital. For example, the network compositions (the specific alters providing resources) were similar for both groups. Both groups reported how parents, family members, peers, middle and high school teachers, individuals associated with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics programs, university professors, academic advisors and other personnel, employers and coworkers, professional organization contacts, and graduate students provided social capital related to major choice and persistence. One difference between the two groups relates to the type of social capital provided by parents and intergenerational family members. First-generation college students described their familial relationships as assets that provided robust emotional support (expressive social capital) while the students decided upon a college major and vigorous encouragement to persist once the students enrolled in undergraduate studies. Continuing-generation college students described their families as providing engineering-specific instrumental actions and information during their selection of a college major, and then familial support changing to that of an expressive nature while the students were enrolled in engineering studies.

Conclusions
Our findings illustrate that engineering undergraduates’ social relationships and networks are critical to their success in engineering. The relational assets first-generation college students possess support an anti-deficit framing of this group. Our work helps us understand specifically how students gain support from a variety of alters, and it provides implications for how to better support all students’ engineering educational pathways.
Effect of carbon-rich-waste addition as co-substrate on the performance and stability of anaerobic digestion of abattoir wastewater without agitation
Authors: Hailu Abrha Mulu , Asfaw Seyoum Leta , Tegaye Tenalem Ayenew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMultiple wastes’ co-digestion is one of the alternatives for improved anaerobic digestion (AD) process of industrial and municipal wastes. The present work investigated the influence of fruit–vegetable solid waste (FVW) addition as a co-substrate on the performance of AD of abattoir wastewater (AWW). The co-digestion was done at a lab-scale-based experiment under mesophilic condition using a two-phase anaerobic sequencing batch reactor without agitation. It was tested at different mixing ratios (100%AWW; 75%AWW:25%FVW; 50%AWW:50%FVW; 25%AWW:75%FVW; 100%FVW) with the intention of looking for the best mixing ratio with the best performance. It was fed on a semi-continuous basis and operated for 18 days (d) total retention time (HRT): 3 days for the acidogenesis reactor and 15 days for methanogenesis reactor. The addition of FVW enhanced biogas yield and VS removal by 70.26% and 57.11%, respectively, at optimum mixing ratio. Moreover, to some extent improvement of AD process stability verified by the decreased TVFA:TAlk ratio and free ammonia nitrogen was observed upon progressive addition of FVW. Finally, this co-digestion process should further be studied for its performance at different HRTs with agitation.
Application of the human estrogen receptor within a synthetic transcription factor in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Derntl Christian , Mach Robert , Mach-Aigner Astrid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Synthetic gene expression systems offer a possibility for controllable and targeted induction of the expression of genes of interest, which is a fundamental technique necessary for basic research and industrial applications. The human estrogen receptor α contains a ligand binding domain that enforces dimerization and nuclear import upon binding of the inducer 17β-estradiol. In this study, we tested the potential of this ligand binding domain to be used in filamentous fungi as an auto-regulatory domain in a synthetic transcription factor.

Results
We constructed the synthetic transcription factor SynX by fusing the DNA-binding domain of Xyr1 (Xylanase Regulator 1), the transactivation domain of Ypr1 (Yellow Pigment Regulator 1), and the ligand binding domain of the human estrogen receptor α. SynX is able to strongly induce the gene expression of xylanases and an aldose reductase by addition of 17β-estradiol, but SynX does not induce gene expression of cellulases. Importantly, the induction of xylanase activities is mostly carbon source independent and can be fine-tuned by controlling the concentration of 17β-estradiol.

Conclusion
The ability of SynX to induce gene expression of xylanase encoding genes by addition of 17β-estradiol demonstrates that the ligand binding domain of the human estrogen receptor α works in filamentous fungi, and that it can be combined with a transactivation domain other than the commonly used transactivation domain of herpes simplex virion protein VP16.
The quality of early childhood education and care services in Greece
Authors: Megalonidou Christina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh-quality early education and care experiences are critical for children’s growth and development, families’ ability to work, and the future health of society. In Greece, with regard to research for children under 3 years of age in early childhood education and care services, the issue of quality has been only marginally researched. The lack of available information on the quality of childcare services has been widely documented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of early childhood education and care services in North Greece. Nonprofit and for-profit centers (one hundred and thirty-one classrooms) for children under 3 participated in this study. For quality assessment, we used the ITERS-R scale (Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised). Results suggested the existence of mediocre average quality.
IgG4-related focal retroperitoneal fibrosis in ureter suggestive of colon cancer recurrence and resected laparoscopically: a case report
Authors: Ueki Tomoyuki , Miyake Toru , Narita Mitsuhiro , Kojima Masatsugu , Kaida Sachiko , Iida Hiroya , Shimizu Tomoharu , Tani Masaji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a novel disease concept of unknown cause that is characterized by abundant infiltration of IgG4-positive cells, mass-forming lesions, and elevated serum IgG4 levels. The infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells and lymphocytes causes swelling, inflammation, fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis in multiple organs. On the other hand, IgG4-RD occurring in the ureters has rarely been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first report of laparoscopic partial ureteral resection for IgG4-related focal retroperitoneal fibrosis in a ureter with suspected colon cancer recurrence.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old man with a history of sigmoid colon cancer visited Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital for regular follow-up in December 2019. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a mass involving the left ureter. Furthermore, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed significant accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the same region. Due to the possibility of colon cancer recurrence, a laparoscopic excisional biopsy with partial ureteral resection was performed. Histologically, IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration exceeding 10 cells per high-power field and a high ratio of IgG4-positive/IgG-positive cells exceeding 40% were observed. The postoperative serum IgG4 level was 384 mg/dL. With the application of these findings to the diagnostic algorithm in the comprehensive diagnostic criteria for IgG4-RD, the mass-forming lesion was diagnosed as definitive IgG4-related focal retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Conclusions
IgG4-RD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal lesions. Moreover, laparoscopic surgery may be useful for making the diagnosis in difficult-to-biopsy cases.
Multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing uropathogens in children in Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Raya Ganendra Bhakta , Dhoubhadel Bhim Gopal , Shrestha Dhruba , Raya Sunayana , Laghu Ujjwal , Shah Ashok , Raya Bijendra Bhakta , Kafle Rita , Parry Christopher M. , Ariyoshi Koya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogens has complicated the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI). Paediatric UTI is a common illness, which if not treated properly, may lead to acute and long-term complications, such as renal abscess, septicaemia, and renal scarring. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MDR and ESBL-producing uropathogens among children.

Methods
During the study period (April 2017–April 2018), midstream urine samples were collected following aseptic procedures from children < 16 years in Siddhi Memorial Hospital. Standard culture and biochemical tests were performed to identify uropathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. ESBL-producing uropathogens were screened by ceftazidime (30 μg) and cefotaxime (30 μg) discs, and confirmed by the combination disc tests: ceftazidime + clavulanic acid (30/10 μg) or cefotaxime + clavulanic acid (30/10 μg) as recommended by CLSI.

Results
We processed 5545 non-repeated urine samples from the children with symptoms of UTI. A significant growth of uropathogens was observed in 203 samples (3.7%). The median age of the children was 24 months (interquartile range (IQR), 12–53 months). Escherichia coli (n = 158, 77.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 30, 14.8%) were common among the uropathogens. Among them, 80.3% were resistant to amoxycillin and 51.2% were resistant to cotrimoxazole. Most of them were susceptible to amikacin, nitrofurantoin, and ofloxacin. MDR was detected in 34.5% (n = 70/203) and ESBL producers in 24.6% (n = 50/203) of them. The proportion of MDR isolates was higher in children < 5 years (n = 59/153, 38.6%) than children ≥ 5 years (n = 11/50, 22%) (P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, and amikacin can be used for the empirical treatment for UTI in children in Bhaktapur, Nepal. MDR and ESBL-producing uropathogens are prevalent; this warrants a continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.
Status, perspectives and trends of satellite navigation
Authors: Hein Guenter W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews the status of satellite navigation (as per 11 May 2020)—without claim for completeness—and discusses the various global navigation satellite systems, regional satellite navigation systems and satellite-based augmentation systems. Problems and challenges for delivering nowadays a safe and reliable navigation are discussed. New opportunities, perspectives and megatrends of satellite navigation are outlined. Some remarks are closing this paper emphasizing the great value of satellite navigation at present and in future.
Real-world effectiveness of admissions to a tertiary treatment-resistant psychosis service: 2-year mirror-image study
Authors: Casetta Cecilia , Gaughran Fiona , Oloyede Ebenezer , Onwumere Juliana , Pritchard Megan , Shergill Sukhi S. , Whiskey Eromona , MacCabe James Hunter 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundTreatment-resistant schizophrenia is a major disabling illness which often proves challenging to manage in a secondary care setting. The National Psychosis Unit (NPU) is a specialised tertiary in-patient facility that provides evidence-based, personalised, multidisciplinary interventions for complex treatment-resistant psychosis, in order to reduce the risk of readmission and long-term care costs.AimsThis study aimed to assess the long-term effectiveness of treatment at the NPU by considering naturalistic outcome measures.MethodUsing a mirror image design, we compared the numbers of psychiatric and general hospital admissions, in-patient days, acuity of placement, number of psychotropic medications and dose of antipsychotic medication prescribed before and following NPU admission. Data were obtained from the Clinical Records Interactive Search system, an anonymised database sourced from the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust electronic records, and by means of anonymous linkage to the Hospital Episode Statistics system.ResultsCompared with the 2 years before NPU admission, patients had fewer mental health admissions (1.65 ± 1.44v. 0.87 ± 0.99,z= 5.594,P< 0.0001) and less mental health bed usage (335.31 ± 272.67v. 199.42 ± 261.96,z= 5.195P< 0.0001) after NPU admission. Total in-patient days in physical health hospitals and total number of in-patient days were also significantly reduced (16.51 ± 85.77v. 2.83 ± 17.38,z= 2.046,P= 0.0408; 351.82 ± 269.09v. 202.25 ± 261.05,z= 5.621,P< 0.0001). The reduction in level of support required after treatment at the NPU was statistically significant (z= −8.099,P< 0.0001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the long-term effectiveness of a tertiary service specialising in treatment-resistant psychosis.