bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 3SI3R model for the propagation of two rumors with mutual promotion
Authors: Wang Zhiying , Liang Jing , Nie Huifang , Zhao Hongli 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere are often many kinds of rumors spreading in new media after emergencies; however, the existing studies have focused on the rumors with competition, and little attention has been paid to those with mutual promotion. Therefore the mutual promotion between two rumors and the state transition rules between different groups are first analyzed. Then a 3SI3R model, extending the classical 2SI2R model, and mean-field equations of the proposed model are given. Further, the stability and influence of the mutual promotion on the final size of two rumors in the proposed model are derived. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the influence of factors, that is, the mutual promotion, occurrence time differences, and the forgetting rate, on the propagation of two rumors. The results show that the enhancement of the mutual promotion can accelerate propagation of two rumors and enlarge their final size; the increase of forgetting rate helps to decrease the final size of two rumors; the decrease in occurrence time differences can result in a small increase in the final size of the later rumor, and the overall situation of two rumors becomes more difficult to control.
Microecological Koch’s postulates reveal that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis contributes to shrimp white feces syndrome
Authors: Huang Zhijian , Zeng Shenzheng , Xiong Jinbo , Hou Dongwei , Zhou Renjun , Xing Chengguang , Wei Dongdong , Deng Xisha , Yu Lingfei , Wang Hao , Deng Zhixuan , Weng Shaoping , Kriengkrai Satapornvanit , Ning Daliang , Zhou Jizhong , He Jianguo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Recently, increasing evidence supports that some complex diseases are not attributed to a given pathogen, but dysbiosis in the host intestinal microbiota (IM). The full intestinal ecosystem alterations, rather than a single pathogen, are associated with white feces syndrome (WFS), a globally severe non-infectious shrimp disease, while no experimental evidence to explore the causality. Herein, we conducted comprehensive metagenomic and metabolomic analysis, and intestinal microbiota transplantation (IMT) to investigate the causal relationship between IM dysbiosis and WFS.

Results
Compared to the Control shrimp, we found dramatically decreased microbial richness and diversity in WFS shrimp. Ten genera, such as Vibrio, Candidatus Bacilloplasma, Photobacterium, and Aeromonas, were overrepresented in WFS, whereas 11 genera, including Shewanella, Chitinibacter, and Rhodobacter were enriched in control. The divergent changes in these populations might contribute the observation that a decline of pathways conferring lipoic acid metabolism and mineral absorption in WFS. Meanwhile, some sorts of metabolites, especially lipids and organic acids, were found to be related to the IM alteration in WFS. Integrated with multiomics and IMT, we demonstrated that significant alterations in the community composition, functional potentials, and metabolites of IM were closely linked to shrimp WFS. The distinguished metabolites which were attributed to the IM dysbiosis were validated by feed-supplementary challenge. Both homogenous selection and heterogeneous selection process were less pronounced in WFS microbial community assembly. Notably, IMT shrimp from WFS donors eventually developed WFS clinical signs, while the dysbiotic IM can be recharacterized in recipient shrimp.

Conclusions
Collectively, our findings offer solid evidence of the causality between IM dysbiosis and shrimp WFS, which exemplify the ‘microecological Koch’s postulates’ (an intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, a disease) in disease etiology, and inspire our cogitation on etiology from an ecological perspective.
Relation between serum amylin level and epilepsy
Authors: Benlier Necla , Ozer Gokhan , Orhan Nuri 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by convulsions. Identification of biological pathways underlying epilepsy and novel genes may shed light on the pathogenesis of epilepsy as well as new targets for treatment.

Objectives
Amylin is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells in a pulsatile manner as a response to nutrient stimuli. In vitro studies have shown the neurotoxicity potential of amylin. We aimed to investigate serum amylin levels between epilepsy patients and a healthy control group.

Subjects and methods
For this study, 45 patients with epilepsy and 60 healthy controls were enrolled. Routine blood analysis and electroencephalography scan were performed for all participants. Five cc venous blood sample was collected from each participant. Sera were isolated and stored at − 80 °C until the time of amylin analysis with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Gender distribution of the two groups was as follows: 44.4% males and 55.6% females among epileptic patients and 53.3% males and 46.7% females for control subjects.
Body mass index was 23.09 ± 3.99 kg/m2 for epileptic patients and 26.29 ± 4.83 kg/m2 for controls, with a statistically significantly higher body mass index in control subjects (p ˂ 0.001). With regard to serum amylin levels, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p ˂ 0.001). The median serum amylin concentration was 226.62 ng/ml (69.49–6961.19 (min–max)) for epileptic patients and 103.66 ng/ml (37.42–607.11 (min–max)) for controls (p ˂ 0.001).

Conclusion
In the present study, a significant difference was observed between patient and control groups in serum amylin concentrations, which were considerably higher in epileptic patients.
An Efficient Method for Generating Murine Hypothalamic Neurospheres for the Study of Regional Neural Progenitor Biology
Authors: Nesan Dinushan , Thornton Hayley F , Sewell Laronna C , Kurrasch Deborah M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe hypothalamus is a key homeostatic brain region and the primary effector of neuroendocrine signaling. Recent studies show that early embryonic developmental disruption of this region can lead to neuroendocrine conditions later in life, suggesting that hypothalamic progenitors might be sensitive to exogenous challenges. To study the behavior of hypothalamic neural progenitors, we developed a novel dissection methodology to isolate murine hypothalamic neural stem and progenitor cells at the early timepoint of embryonic day 12.5, which coincides with peak hypothalamic neurogenesis. Additionally, we established and optimized a culturing protocol to maintain multipotent hypothalamic neurospheres that are capable of sustained proliferation or differentiation into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. We characterized media requirements, appropriate cell seeding density, and the role of growth factors and sonic hedgehog (Shh) supplementation. Finally, we validated the use of fluorescence activated cell sorting of either Sox2GFPKI or Nkx2.1GFPKI transgenic mice as an alternate cellular isolation approach to enable enriched selection of hypothalamic progenitors for growth into neurospheres. Combined, we present a new technique that yields reliable culturing of hypothalamic neural stem and progenitor cells that can be used to study hypothalamic development in a controlled environment.
Novel CYP19A1 Mutations Extend the Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Reveal the Impact on Ovarian Function
Authors: Praveen Valiyaparambil Pavithran , Ladjouze Asmahane , Sauter Kay-Sara , Pulickal Annie , Katharopoulos Efstathios , Trippel Mafalda , Perren Aurel , Pandey Amit V , Flück Christa E 
Published: March 2020

AbstractContextThe steroidogenic enzyme aromatase (CYP19A1) is required for estrogen biosynthesis from androgen precursors in the ovary and extragonadal tissues. The role of aromatase, and thus estrogens, is best illustrated by genetic variations of the CYP19A1 gene leading to aromatase deficiency or excess.ObjectiveThe objective of this work is to characterize novel CYP19A1 variants.Design, setting, and patientsVariants causing aromatase deficiency were suspected in four 46,XX children of African and Indian origin by careful clinical phenotyping. Sequencing of the CYP19A1 gene identified novel variants. Minigene experiments, aromatase activity assay, and computational, and histological analysis were used to characterize the variants.Main outcome measure and resultsCYP19A1 variants were found in all patients: a deletion in intron 9 leading to p.P423_H503del, a delins variant at p.P154, and point variants p.V161D, p.R264C, p.R375C. Except for R264C, all variants showed a loss of function. Protein structure and dynamics studies were in line with functional assays. The 2 female patients with delins variants manifested with ambiguous genitalia at birth. Histologic investigation revealed normal ovarian tissue on one side and a streak gonad on the other. Two female patients presented with abnormal pubertal development and polycystic ovaries.ConclusionIn girls, aromatase deficiency usually manifests at birth, but diagnosis may also be made because of abnormal pubertal development or ovarian torsion due to (poly)cystic ovaries. The ovary harboring CYP19A1 variants may present as streak gonad or appears normal at birth, but is then at very high risk to produce cysts with aging and is therefore prone to ovarian torsion.
How to Approach Para-Aortic Lymph Node Metastases During Exploration for Suspected Periampullary Carcinoma: Resection or Bypass?
Authors: Pranger Bobby K. , Tseng Dorine S. J. , Ubels Sander , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. , Nieuwenhuijs Vincent B. , de Jong Koert P. , Patijn Gijs , Molenaar I. Quintus , Erdmann Joris I. , de Meijer Vincent E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative para-aortic lymph node (PALN) sampling during surgical exploration in patients with suspected pancreatic head cancer remains controversial.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the value of routine PALN sampling and the consequences of different treatment strategies on overall patient survival.

Methods
A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was performed in patients who underwent surgical exploration for suspected pancreatic head cancer. In cohort A, the treatment strategy was to avoid pancreatoduodenectomy and to perform a double bypass procedure when PALN metastases were found during exploration. In cohort B, routinely harvested PALNs were not examined intraoperatively and pancreatoduodenectomy was performed regardless. PALNs were examined with the final resection specimen. Clinicopathological data, survival data and complication data were compared between study groups.

Results
Median overall survival for patients with PALN metastases who underwent a double bypass procedure was 7.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.5–8.5), versus 11 months (95% CI 8.8–13) in the pancreatoduodenectomy group (p = 0.049). Patients with PALN metastases who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy had significantly increased postoperative morbidity compared with patients who underwent a double bypass procedure (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, severe comorbidity (ASA grade 2 or higher) was an independent predictor for decreased survival in patients with PALN involvement (hazard ratio 3.607, 95% CI 1.678–7.751; p = 0.001).

Conclusion
In patients with PALN metastases, pancreatoduodenectomy was associated with significant survival benefit compared with a double bypass procedure, but with increased risk of complications. It is important to weigh the advantages of resection versus bypass against factors such as comorbidities and clinical performance when positive intraoperative PALNs are found.
Prevalence of sarcopenia in an elderly population in rural South India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaikh Nishat , Harshitha R , Bhargava Madhavi 
Published: March 2020

Background: Sarcopenia is a condition common in the elderly characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength leading to poor quality of life. According to a working definition proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), the criteria for a diagnosis of sarcopenia is based on documentation of low muscle mass with either poor muscle strength or low physical performance. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in the rural elderly population of South India. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 240 elderly people, 60 years and above, 118 men and 122 women, in rural areas of Dakshina Kannada district. We measured their height, weight, gait speed (using an 8-feet walk test) and muscle strength (using a handgrip dynamometer). Appendicular skeletal mass was calculated using height and weight adjusted for sex and Asian people using the Lee formula. Results: Sarcopenia was found in 34 (14.2%) participants. Of all those having sarcopenia, 27 (79.4%) were ≤75 years, 30 (88.2%) were women, 27 (79.4%) were married, 23 (67.6%) had below poverty line status. Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenia found in the present study was 14.2% in an elderly population more than 60 years of age and was found to be more in women. Large-scale multi-centric community-based surveys will help determine the actual burden of sarcopenia in India.
Challenges and opportunities for the future Clinical Nutrition Committee in Tartu University Hospitals
Authors: Kiisk Liidia 
Published: March 2020

Patients of health care and welfare institutions have several accompanying diseases; therefore, the nutritional counsellors’ or dietary nurses’ competence is often insufficient for administering a special diet, but the help of clinical dietologists and physicians of different specialities is necessary.
In elaboration of clinical nutrition therapy strategies, their consistent development and coordination, an interdisciplinary clinical nutrition team can be helpful. Raising the nutritional awareness of the staff of structural units of medical and welfare institutions in helps them make rational choices in different disease cases, guaranteeing the patient’s wellbeing and a health care service with maximum benefit and minimum risk for the patient’s health.
Physicians and other specialists of Tartu University Hospital (nurses, speech therapists, pharmacists, nutrition counsellors, diabetes nurses) have contributed comprehensively to chronic patients’ individual counselling during hospital treatment and supporting of outpatients’ nutritional treatment.
In 2018, an initiative group of physicians of the hospital presented to the hospital’s Executive Board the need for establishing a broad-based expert group of clinical nutrition. With the Executive Board’s decision, a clinical nutrition committee was founded for rendering the nutrition treatment service.
The semiotics of verse rhythm and comparative rhythmics: Vladimir Nabokov’s and Jurgis Baltrušaitis’s binary tetrameters from a typological perspective
Authors: Lotman Mihhail 
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the problems of poetic rhythm in two aspects. The first concerns the possibility of awareness and conscious modelling of various aspects of poetic rhythm; the second is related to the manifestation of similar or even identical tendencies in the rhythmic structures of various authors who belong to different eras and literary trends and even writing in different languages. Works from bilingual authors such as Vladimir Nabokov and Jurgis Baltrušaitis are of the particular interest.
The first half of the article focuses on how the concept of rhythm proposed in the book by Andrei Bely (1910) influenced the poetic practice. Before Bely, it had been implicit that the choice of stanzaic and metric forms was usually conscious for authors, while Bely demonstrated that poets and their audience can be aware of verse rhythm as well. After the publication of his results, Bely and other poets of a predominantly Symbolist approach began to pay attention to the rhythmic structure of the verse and made attempts to model it. Considered are the following problems: a) how do poetic meters relate to rhythmic forms; b) to what extent can the rhythmic momentum be recognized by the author, and to what extent can the author influence it; and c) how can the author compose verses in accordance with a pre-selected rhythmic model.
In the second half of the article, the rhythm of iambic and trochaic tetrameters in Russian poetic heritage of Jurgis Baltrušaitis is analysed in comparison with the rhythm of his Lithuanian verses. As it turns out, despite the obvious differences in the prosody of the Lithuanian and Russian languages, the rhythmic structure of his poems obeys the same regularities.
In the final part of the article, possible explanations of rhythmic patterns are proposed and an outline of the typology of the rhythm of the binary tetrameters is given.
A ancoragem moral dos direitos humanos como obstáculo à implementação dos direitos das minorias
Authors: Alves Rogério Pacheco 
Published: March 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho é o de problematizar o fundamento moral enquanto plataforma de reivindicação e criação dos direitos das minorias, isto é, a ideia, largamente difundida, de que a força normativa dos direitos humanos vai buscar seu fundamento na moral. É que, para além de todos os problemas que uma abordagem moral dos direitos suscita, especificamente na esfera dos direitos das minorias é justamente a moral que vai representar o mais poderoso obstáculo à sua implementação. Isso porque: - a moral e os conceitos universais abstratos aos quais se conecta são barreiras epistemológicas; - muitos dos direitos das minorias encontram no corpo a sua plataforma de reivindicação, o que a moral interdita através de diversas estratégias de rebaixamento do corpo; - num ambiente neoliberal, o argumento do mérito, de cunho fortemente moral, é articulado com uma nova racionalidade que produz “subjetividades contábeis”, ou seja, a concorrência sistemática entre indivíduos, a excluir boa parte dos grupos e indivíduos vulneráveis. Parte-se da premissa de que os direitos das minorias não são conquistas morais da humanidade, mas sim conquistas políticas de movimentos sociais que escrevem a história social dos direitos humanos, ou seja, a partir da constatação de que os direitos das minorias devem ser escritos e reescritos todos os dias, não são a priori morais. Enfim, cuida-se de contestar o estatuto legitimador da moral em si, para além das usuais discussões sobre redistribuição e reconhecimento. A metodologia consistirá na revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e na análise de alguns dados empíricos, com incursões nos campos do direito, da filosofia do direito e da sociologia.
Recommended optical system design for the SSST
Authors: Tan Hao , Ma Donglin 
Published: March 2020

The Southern Spectroscopic Survey Telescope (SSST) is a planned multi-wavelength space survey telescope by China located in Chile. In this paper, we present a feasible optic system design based on wide-field Cassegrain corrector configuration for the SSST of China. Our recommended design has a large field of view (FOV) of

2.4
∘

×

2.4
∘

with its image spot size less than 0.3 arcsec in diameter for its full FOV in 80% encircled energy. The atmospheric dispersion effect and actual science requirements are taken into consideration. In addition, a trade-off study is presented. This paper can also provide a reference to the next generation of spectroscopic survey telescopes.
Deep ghost phase imaging
Authors: Komuro Koshi , Nomura Takanori , Barbastathis George 
Published: March 2020

Deep-learning-based single-pixel phase imaging is proposed. The method, termed deep ghost phase imaging (DGPI), succeeds the advantages of computational ghost imaging, i.e., has the phase imaging quality with high signal-to-noise ratio derived from the Fellgett’s multiplex advantage and the point-like detection of diffracted light from objects. A deep convolutional neural network is learned to output a desired phase distribution from an input of a defocused intensity distribution reconstructed by the single-pixel imaging theory. Compared to the conventional interferometric and transport-of-intensity approaches to single-pixel phase imaging, the DGPI requires neither additional intensity measurements nor explicit approximations. The effects of defocus distance and light level are investigated by numerical simulation and an optical experiment confirms the feasibility of the DGPI.
Double-stadium Si-MZI racetrack microring resonator circuits: way to generate optical digital patterns
Authors: Ghasemi M. , Hamidi S. M. , Dehzangi A. , Choudhury P. K. 
Published: March 2020

Silicon (Si) photonic components, namely, grating couplers and three-port splitters and couplers, have been designed and combined to form double-stadium Si-Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) racetrack microring resonator circuits for efficient control over resonance in a certain wavelength range and free-spectral range (FSR). It was found that variable microring resonator arms and the values of free-space distance (between the arms) at 200 nm and 5 µm can yield two and six OFF-phase zones, respectively, within the wavelength range of 1.5–1.6 µm. Furthermore, it was observed that the smaller arms downsize the FSR, whereas the larger arms upsize its value within the transmission spectrum. The usefulness of these structures can be conceptualized in the area of optical digital pattern code generation because suitably controlling the MZI arm lengths would create certain optical digital patterns in the frequency domain of operation. Apart from these, the usefulness of racetrack optical delay lines remains in optical sensing or biomedical sensing as well.
Circular-side square microlasers with shifted output waveguide positions for mode and lasing spectrum control
Authors: Zhang Yong-Heng , Huang Yong-Zhen , Ye Ya-Qian , Yang Yue-De , Xiao Jin-Long 
Published: March 2020

Circular-side square microlasers with shifted output waveguide
positions are demonstrated to realize mode and lasing spectrum
control. Numerical simulation results indicate that the mode

Q

factors of the fundamental, first-
and second-order transverse modes are modulated, and the output
coupling efficiency of the output waveguide can be greatly improved by
introducing the translation of the output waveguide. Single-mode
lasing, dual-mode lasing, and three-mode lasing are experimentally
realized by changing the output waveguide positions. At the optimized
shifted output waveguide position, a microlaser exhibits tunable
single-mode behavior with a maximum output power of 120 µW, a
side-mode suppression ratio of 31 dB, and a linewidth of 42 MHz.
Furthermore, the lasing characteristics of microlasers with different
circular sides are compared.
An experimental analysis of the driver’s attention during train driving
Authors: Madleňák Radovan , Mašek Jaroslav , Madleňáková Lucia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the experimental monitoring of the driver’s attention during train operation. SMI eye-tracking technology and eye-tracking glasses we used to measure the train driver’s attention. This unique experiment we performed on the Slovak railway (ŽSR) line no. 120 Bratislava - Žilina, in the section Žilina - Púchov. The measurement took place in the spring of 2017, and the passenger train was operated by the ZSSK electric unit series 671. The article analyses in detail the monitoring of the driver’s attention during train operation. We analysed two typical processes during train driver work: driving at the section (without stopping) and driving through the train station (with stopping). Realised analysis can lead to the identification of critical points on the line, to a better understanding of the driver’s way of work and to contribute to increasing railway safety. The unique measurement procedure and the used technology did not affect the safety of the train operation.