bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of reducing alcohol consumption through price‐based policies on cancer incidence in Germany 2020–50—a simulation study
Authors: Gredner Thomas , Niedermaier Tobias , Brenner Hermann , Mons Ute 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsAlcohol is a major cancer risk factor and contributes considerably to the cancer burden in Germany. We aimed to provide projections of preventable cancer cases under different price‐based alcohol policy scenarios.DesignA macro‐simulation approach was used to estimate numbers and proportions of cancer cases prevented under different price‐based alcohol policy scenarios.Setting and participantsPublished price elasticities for main alcoholic beverages were applied to the mean daily intake of pure alcohol in the German population calculated from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–11 (DEGS1) to obtain hypothetical exposure distributions of alcohol consumption under different scenarios of changing price for alcoholic beverages.MeasurementsAge, sex and cancer site‐specific potential impact fractions were calculated for different scenarios of changing the price of alcohol (single price increases, repeated price increases, volumetric price increase) for each year of a 30‐year study period (2020–50).FindingsOver a 30‐year horizon, an estimated 4.7% (men = 10.1%, women = 1.4%) of alcohol‐related cancer cases could be prevented in Germany, if alcohol intake above risk thresholds were reduced to levels below risk thresholds. Accordingly, the burden of new cancers would be reduced by approximately 244 000 cases (men = 200 000, women = 44 000). Of all price‐based alcohol policy scenarios, a 100% price increase on alcoholic beverages was estimated to be most effective with approximately 213 000 (4.1%; men = 167 000; women = 47 000) preventable alcohol‐related cancer cases, followed by 5‐yearly 25% price increases (2.8%; men = 115 000, women = 29 000) and a volumetric price increase according to the beverage‐specific alcohol content (1.9%; men = 72 000, women = 24 000).ConclusionsSimulations suggest that a substantial number of alcohol‐related cancer cases could be avoided in Germany by applying price‐based policies to reduce consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Fall of amalgam restoration: a 10‐year analysis of an Australian university dental clinic
Authors: Reher V , Reher P , Peres KG , Peres MA 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of amalgam in Dentistry has decreased since the 1980s. This study aimed to (i) assess the time trend in the usage of amalgam and composite in posterior teeth at Griffith University Dental Clinic from 2010 to 2019; (ii) to test whether this trend varied according to the dental health provider.MethodsWe analysed clinic records from 2010 to 2019. Prais–Winsten analyses were performed, and the average annual percentages change (AAPC) for amalgam and composite was estimated.ResultsThere were 397,013 procedures, including 80,995 direct posterior restorations. Amalgam use decreased from 12.9% in 2010 to 0.5% in 2019 among students, while composite use increased from 87.1% to 99.5% of posterior restorations. The annual increase of the composite was 1.4% per year for students, while amalgam decreased by 30.2% per year on average. A similar trend was noted among the dentists.ConclusionsA significant decrease in the use of amalgam was observed over time for both students and professionals. This trend raises questions about curriculum reviews, focusing on the repair, maintenance and safe removal of amalgam while reinforcing the learning on Minimally Invasive Dentistry and composite restorations based on the patient’s caries risk.
Integrated long‐term multifunctional pediatric mechanical circulatory assist device
Authors: Sarkisyan Harutyun , Stevens Randy , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang , Rossano Joseph , Throckmorton Amy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere continues to be limited, viable ventricular assist device technology options to support the dysfunctional states of pediatric heart failure. To address this need, we are developing a magnetically suspended, versatile pumping technology that uniquely integrates two blood pumps in a series configuration within a single device housing. This device enables operational switching from the usage of one pump to another as needed for clinical management or to support growth and development of the pediatric patient. Here, we present the initial design where we conducted a virtual fit study, the Taguchi Design Optimization Method, iterative design to develop pump geometries. Computational tools were used to estimate the pressure generation, capacity delivery, hydraulic efficiency, fluid stress levels, exposure time to stresses, blood damage index, and fluid forces on the impellers. Prototypes of the pumps were tested in a flow loop using a water‐glycerin solution. Both designs demonstrated the capability to generate target pressures and flows. Blood damage estimations were below threshold levels and achieved design requirements; however, maximum scalar stress levels were above the target limit. Radial and axial forces were less than 1 N and 10 N, respectively. The performance data trends for physical prototypes correlated with theoretical expectations. The centrifugal prototype was able to generate slightly higher pressure rises than numerical predictions. In contrast, the axial prototype outperformed the computational studies. Experimental data were both repeatable and reproducible. The findings from this research are promising, and development will continue.
Over 10‐year follow‐up outcomes and failure analysis of black diaphragm intraocular lens implantation in traumatic Aniridia
Authors: Li Jun , Li Dongfang , Wu Jie , Dong Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine the over 10‐year follow‐up outcomes and analyse the reason for failure in patients who underwent black diaphragm intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for the management of traumatic aniridia.MethodsFifty‐three patients underwent black diaphragm IOL implantation for the treatment of traumatic aniridia from September 1998 to August 2007. 33 eyes of 33 patients were enrolled in our study, and the mean follow‐up period was 185.6 ± 36.2 months (range: 126–247 months). The primary methods employed for assessment of the safety of the IOL and the causes of failure were the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and observation during reoperation.ResultsIn the current study, 13 patients (39.4%) who underwent IOL implantation by means of trans‐scleral fixation were observed to maintain a transparent cornea and normal intraocular pressure. 20 patients (60.6%) developed corneal endothelial decompensation, and 14 patients (42.4%) developed secondary glaucoma. 27 patients were examined by means of UBM or reoperation and the position of black diaphragm IOL in 18 patients was observed to be abnormal; the IOL had shifted forward and directly contacted with the anterior chamber and even the corneal endothelium.ConclusionThe forward displacement of black diaphragm IOL is a direct cause of treatment failure. Although the implantation of black diaphragm IOL is an effective method of management of traumatic aniridia, the treatment should be guarded and performed in an appropriate manner. Patients should be informed regarding the need for life‐long follow‐up, so that the complications can be identified in a timely manner.
Prevalence and incidence of keratoconus in Norway: a nationwide register study
Authors: Kristianslund Olav , Hagem Anne Marie , Thorsrud Andreas , Drolsum Liv 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the national prevalence and incidence of keratoconus in Norway.MethodsIn this epidemiologic study, data were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Registry, which provides information from all publicly funded specialist care in Norway. Prevalence of keratoconus was estimated from the total number of patients registered with this diagnosis and incidence from the annual frequency of first‐time registrations of patients up to 40 years of age in the period 2010–2018. Data on age and gender of the keratoconus patients were also gathered.ResultsA total of 9832 keratoconus patients were registered. The estimated prevalence in the general population was 192.1 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 188.3–195.9), and the estimated annual incidence was 19.8 per 100 000 (95% CI: 18.1–21.5). There was a predominance of males (73%), and mean age for all patients was 37.5 years at first registration in this period.ConclusionThis study reports the frequency of keratoconus from a national patient register during a time period with available modern diagnostic tools. The estimated prevalence and incidence were higher than most previous estimates and show that keratoconus is not a rare condition. As screening was not part of the study, the true prevalence in the general population may be even higher.
Initial observation or treatment for diabetic macular oedema with good visual acuity: two‐year outcomes comparison in routine clinical practice: data from the Fight Retinal Blindness! Registry
Authors: Gabrielle Pierre‐Henry , Nguyen Vuong , Bhandari Sanjeeb , Mehta Hemal , Viola Francesco , Arnold Jennifer , Fraser‐Bell Samantha , Barthelmes Daniel , Creuzot‐Garcher Catherine , Gillies Mark 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare visual acuity (VA) change at 24 months in eyes with clinically significant DME (CSDME) and good VA initially treated versus initially observed in routine clinical practice.MethodsRetrospective analysis of treatment‐naïve eyes with CSDME and good VA (baseline VA ≥ 79 letters), with at least 24 months of follow‐up and initially managed with treatment (intravitreal treatment and/or macular laser) or observation with possible treatment after 4 months that were tracked in a prospectively designed observational registry.ResultsWe identified 150 eligible eyes (98 initially observed, 52 initially treated) of 130 patients. The proportion of eyes with at least a 5‐letter VA loss at 24 months was not significantly different between the groups: 65% with initial observation and 42% with initial treatment (p = 0.39). However, initially observed eyes were more likely to have a 10‐letter VA loss at 24 months (OR = 4.6, p = 0.022). Most of eyes in the initial observation group received at least one treatment (an intravitreal injection in 66% and macular laser in 20%) during the 24‐month period.ConclusionsThe risk of 5 letters loss was similar between both management groups. However, initially observed eyes were more at risk of developing moderate visual loss and more than 80% of them required treatment over 24 months.
The effects of woody plant encroachment and wildfire on plant species richness and composition: Temporal changes in a forest–steppe mosaic
Authors: Ónodi Gábor , Kertész Miklós , Lengyel Attila , Pándi Ildikó , Somay László , Szitár Katalin , Kröel‐Dulay György 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuestionsWoody plant encroachment and wildfire may both have major effects on species richness and composition, yet studies that assess these two factors in combination are rare. We asked the following specific questions: (1) how did juniper cover change over a decade in the study area; what are the effects of juniper encroachment and subsequent wildfire on(2) plant species richness; and (3) vegetation composition?LocationSand forest–steppe in Kiskunság, Central Hungary.MethodsWe studied a juniper‐encroached grassland hit by a wildfire. We assessed changes in plant species richness and composition in burnt and unburnt grassland and juniper plots for 11 years following the wildfire. Yearly vegetation sampling was performed in permanent quadrats of 1 m2and 25 m2using visual cover estimation. Temporal changes in juniper cover and species richness were evaluated with generalized linear mixed‐effects models. Compositional changes were analysed by non‐metric multidimensional scaling and fidelity analysis.ResultsAt the beginning of the study, the presence of individual juniper shrubs increased species richness, and did not alter species composition. However, microsites covered by junipers were extremely species‐poor. Juniper growth during the study period caused a sharp decline in species richness at the edge of juniper shrubs and a shift in species composition compared to grassland plots. Wildfire increased species richness both in grassland and juniper plots. It caused only transient compositional responses in grasslands, but converted juniper habitats back to the grassland state.ConclusionsWe conclude that neither moderate juniper encroachment nor wildfire have negative effects on plant species richness in the studied ecosystem. However, as juniper thickening may cause species loss and devastating fires, conservation management should prevent the development of dense juniper stands.
Emerging chemical scaffolds with potential SHP2 phosphatase inhibitory capabilities – A comprehensive review
Authors: Tripathi Rati Kailash Prasad , Ayyannan Senthil Raja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe drug discovery panorama is cluttered with promising therapeutic targets that have been deserted because of inadequate authentication and screening failures. Molecular targets formerly tagged as “undruggable” are nowadays being more cautiously cross‐examined, and whilst they stay intriguing, numerous targets are emerging more accessible. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) excellently exemplifies a class of molecular targets that have transpired as druggable, with several small molecules and antibodies recently turned available for further development. In this respect, SHP2, a PTP, has emerged as one of the potential targets in the current pharmacological research, particularly for cancer, due to its critical role in various signalling pathways. Recently, few molecules with excellent potency have entered clinical trials, but none could reach the clinic. Consequently, search for novel, non‐toxic, and specific SHP2 inhibitors are on purview. In this review, general aspects of SHP2 including its structure and mechanistic role in carcinogenesis have been presented. It also sheds light on the development of novel molecular architectures belonging to diverse chemical classes that have been proposed as SHP2‐specific inhibitors along with their structure‐activity relationships (SARs), stemming from chemical, mechanism‐based and computer‐aided studies reported since January 2015 to July 2020 (excluding patents), focusing on their potency and selectivity. The encyclopedic facts and discussions presented herein will hopefully facilitate researchers to design new ligands with better efficacy and selectivity against SHP2.
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue: The deepest layer of the cutaneous immune barrier
Authors: Brüggen Marie‐Charlotte , Stingl Georg 
Published: November 2020

SummaryMammalian skin, the outer covering of the body, is composed of three layers, i.e. the epidermis, the dermis and the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT). While the contribution of epidermis and dermis to the skin's immune function is well established, the role, if any, of SWAT in this regard has yet to be determined. Human SWAT is made up of lobules which consist mainly of adipocytes and are subdivided and separated from each other by vascularized septae of connective tissue. An immunophenotypic analysis of liposuction‐derived SWAT demonstrated that healthy subcutaneous fat tissue, although showing no overt signs of inflammation, harbors an indigenous system of immunocytes. As opposed to epidermis and dermis, they belong mainly to the mononuclear phagocyte lineage and, to a lesser extent, represent T‐lymphocytes. Their phenotype indicates that these two major subsets of SWAT leukocytes are primarily concerned with ant‐inflammatory and/or regulatory functions. It thus appears that SWAT is more than a cushion protecting against mechanical trauma, and may subserve immunomodulatory functions aimed at preventing or, at least, mitigating exaggerated immune and/or inflammatory reactions..
A regulatory element in the 3′‐untranslated region of CEBPA is associated with myeloid/NK/T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Kimura Yukiko , Iwanaga Eisaku , Iwanaga Kouta , Endo Shinya , Inoue Yoshitaka , Tokunaga Kenji , Nagahata Yousuke , Masuda Kyoko , Kawamoto Hiroshi , Matsuoka Masao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesCCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (CEBPA) is an essential transcription factor for myeloid differentiation. Not only mutation of the CEBPA gene, but also promoter methylation, which results in silencing of CEBPA, contributes to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We sought for another differentially methylated region (DMR) that associates with the CEBPA silencing and disease phenotype.MethodsUsing databases, we identified a conserved DMR in the CEBPA 3′‐untranslated region (UTR).ResultsMethylation‐specific PCR analysis of 231 AML cases showed that hypermethylation of the 3′‐UTR was associated with AML that had a myeloid/NK/T‐cell phenotype and downregulated CEBPA. Most of these cases were of an immature phenotype with CD7/CD56 positivity. These cases were significantly associated with lower hemoglobin levels than the others. Furthermore, we discovered that the CEBPA 3′‐UTR DMR can enhance transcription from the CEBPA native promoter. In vitro experiments identified IKZF1‐binding sites in the 3′‐UTR that are responsible for this increased transcription of CEBPA.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the CEBPA 3′‐UTR DMR is a novel regulatory element of CEBPA related to myeloid/NK/T‐cell lineage leukemogenesis. Transcriptional regulation of CEBPA by IKZF1 may provide a clue for understanding the fate determination of myeloid vs. NK/T‐lymphoid progenitors.
Emerging Ideas. Familial Influences, Shame, Guilt, and Depression Among Sexual Minority Adolescents
Authors: Mereish Ethan H. , Cox Diana J. , Harris Julia C. , Anderson Quinn R. , Hawthorne David J. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study examined the mediating effects of self‐conscious emotions (i.e., shame and guilt) on the relationships between familial influences and depressive symptoms among sexual minority adolescents (SMAs).BackgroundFamilial influences, such as family rejection or parental affirmation, are associated with depression. However, little research has been conducted to identify specific mechanisms that can explain the associations between familial influences and depressive symptoms among SMAs.MethodParticipants were 94 adolescents, aged 12 to 18 years, who were recruited through the community and completed self‐report measures.ResultsFamily rejection was associated with more feelings of shame and guilt, whereas parent affirmation was associated with less shame and guilt. Shame and guilt were associated with more depressive symptoms. Indirect effects of family rejection on depression were significant through shame but not guilt. Indirect effects of parental affirmation on depression were significant through shame and guilt.ConclusionThe results help identify mechanisms through which familial influences may be associated with depressive symptoms. Shame and guilt are important modifiable psychological factors that can be targets of intervention for SMAs.ImplicationsFuture research and interventions must incorporate familial influences as well as self‐conscious emotions to improve the mental health of SMAs.
With the margins: Writing subaltern resistance and social transformation
Authors: Vijay Devi , Gupta Shalini , Kaushiva Pavni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we surface the problems of representation mainstream organizational theory encounters in documenting and telling accounts of subaltern actors and social transformation. We explore how writing practices that draw on feminist postcolonial literary traditions can transform organizational studies of social change. Drawing on three literary texts—Mahasweta Devi's Draupadi, Urmila Pawar's The Weave of My Life, and Arundhati Roy's Ministry of Utmost Happiness—we reflect on how we may represent the lives of others. Inspired by these three writers, we suggest solidaristic transgression, unsettled habitation, and counter‐discursive memory work as three modes of engagement that challenge us as academics writing for change.
Development of volatile compounds fingerprints by headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry in concentrated tomato paste and distillate during evaporation processing
Authors: Wang Dan , Lu Rongrong , Ma Yue , Guo Shuang , Zhao Xiaoyan , Liang Hao 
Published: November 2020

SummaryVolatile profiles of fresh tomato pulp, concentrated pastes and distillates during evaporation were analysed by headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS), and volatile fingerprints were established. Topographic plots showed ninety signal peaks, forty‐two peaks (monomers and dimers) for twenty‐five compounds were identified, including four alcohols, ten aldehydes, eight ketones, two esters and a furan. The fingerprints showed clear differences. After evaporation, phenylacetaldehyde, pentanal, 2‐pentanone, 3‐methylbutanal and benzaldehyde were newly detected in the concentrated pastes and distillates, while 2‐heptanol, octanal, isopropyl acetate and 2‐pentylfuran were no longer detectable. Prolonged evaporation caused volatile components in both pastes and distillates to decrease; most were evaporated into distillates, including all alcohols and esters, most aldehydes and some ketones. The fresh pulp, concentrated pastes and distillates were clearly distinguished by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. This work provides a theoretical reference for tomato paste processing and the utilisation of distillate discarded.
Intestinal ultrasound as first‐line investigation in low‐risk gastrointestinal symptoms: a new model of care
Authors: White Lauren S. , Campbell Caitlin , Lee Andrew , Lord Anton , Radford‐Smith Graham 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundFunctional gut disorders (FGD) are common. Diagnosis is symptom based, although symptoms may be indistinguishable from inflammatory bowel disease. As a result of this, investigations are common, diagnostic yield is low. A streamlined novel model of care may reduce costly investigations.AimTo compare a new model of care for patients with low‐risk gastrointestinal symptoms to a matched historical cohort.MethodsData were prospectively collected over 12 months. General practitioner referrals for low‐risk abdominal symptoms were triaged to a new multidisciplinary clinic structure utilising intestinal ultrasound. Outcomes were compared to the historical model in the preceding 12 months. Duration of care (time from referral to discharge), number of contact episodes and investigations ordered were reviewed.ResultsThirty‐seven patients meeting strict inclusion criteria completed their care. Compared with the historical cohort, colonoscopies reduced from 0.7 to 0.05 per patient (P < 0.0001). Gastroenterology consults reduced from 1.5 to 1.2 (P = 0.303) and dietitian review increased from 0.8 to 1.5 (P < 0.0001). Total contact episodes reduced from 3.2 to 1.8 (P < 0.0001). Duration of care reduced from a median of 252 days to 130 days (interquartile ranges (IQR) 287 and 69, respectively; P < 0.0001). Time from first consultation to discharge reduced from 125 to 42 days (IQR 188 and 63; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThis multidisciplinary approach to care of low‐risk abdominal symptoms significantly reduced contact episodes, time in care and invasive investigations. It decreased costly gastroenterology consultation and increased allied health exposure. It demonstrates improved health service outcomes.