bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of acute exposure to morphine on breathing variability and cardiopulmonary coupling in men with obstructive sleep apnea: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wu Justin G.‐A. , Wang David , Rowsell Luke , Wong Keith K. , Yee Brendon J. , Nguyen Chinh D. , Han Fang , Hilmisson Hugi , Thomas Robert J. , Grunstein Ronald R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOpioid‐related deaths from respiratory depression are increasing but there is only limited information on the effect of morphine on breathing during sleep. This study aimed to detect and quantify opioid‐induced cardiorespiratory pattern changes during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients using novel automated methods and correlate these with conventional polysomnography (PSG) measures. Under a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover design, 60 male OSA patients attended two one‐night visits to the sleep laboratory, at least a week apart. Either a 40‐mg controlled‐release oral morphine dose or placebo was administered. Breathing during sleep was measured by standard in‐laboratory PSG. We analysed the inter‐breath interval (IBI) from the PSG flow channel to quantify breathing irregularity. Cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) was analysed using the PSG electrocardiogram (ECG) channel. Following the consumption of morphine, the 60 OSA patients had fewer breaths (p = .0006), a longer inter‐breath interval (p < .0001) and more irregular breathing with increased IBI coefficient of variation (CV) (p = .0015) compared to the placebo night. A higher CPC sleep quality index was found with morphine use. The change of key IBI and CPC parameters was significantly correlated with the change of key PSG sleep‐disordered breathing parameters. In conclusion, 40 mg controlled‐release morphine resulted in a longer breathing cycle and increased breathing irregularity but generally more stable sleep in OSA patients. The significant links between the IBI and CPC techniques and a range of PSG sleep‐disordered breathing parameters may suggest a practical value as surrogate overnight cardiorespiratory measurements, because both respiratory flow and ECG can be detected by small portable devices.
Retracted: Is bigger better? Apidae (Xylocopinae), megachilidae and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) pollination
Authors: Wousla Everlyne N. , Andargie Mebeaselassie , Pasquet Remy S. , Mondon Marjolaine , Menez Veronique , Cochin Caroline , Paul Lenaic , Pardon Lenaic , Roubaud Marc 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCowpea is an important grain legume crop in Africa. Cowpea flowers are capable of self‐fertilization, which might be the most frequent type of reproduction. Nevertheless, the rate of cross‐pollination could vary between 1% and 10%, depending on the populations of bumblebees or domestic bees that are present, the climate and the cultivar. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the efficiency rate of the pollinators of the wild cowpea, Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata var. spontanea, the progenitor of the domesticated cowpea Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata. Pollination study was conducted by observing patches of flowers (average 10–20/m2) from dawn to midday, approximately 05:00–12:30 hr for three years. All insects visiting the flowers were noted and identified to species level, where possible, and their foraging behaviour was monitored. Pollen grain deposit and pod set were estimated using single bee visits on plants with strictly outcrossing flowers. Major flower visitors were large bees of the family Megachilidae and the genus Xylocopa (Apidae, Xylocopinae). Xylocopa caffra (Linnaeus) was the most abundant bee species, accounting for 59% of total bees observed and 58% of total flower visited. Pod set was higher in visits by megachilid bees compared to Xylocopa bees. Within Xylocopa, there is a good correlation between size and efficiency (r = .95, p = .0477), the larger insects being more efficient. Honeybees, small bees (Ceratina and Nomia species) and Lepidopterans also visited flowers but without any effect on pollination. Cowpea pollination system is specialized, and pollinators are restricted to Megachilidae and Xylocopa species. Variation in pollen load deposit and pod set reveals that pollination success depends on the insect species involved and their size. Megachilids are the most efficient pollinators, especially since they are able to promote outcrossing more efficiently than Xylocopa species.
Knowing our Reasons: Distinctive Self‐Knowledge of Why We Hold Our Attitudes and Perform Actions
Authors: Keeling Sophie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that subjects at least sometimes learn why they hold an attitude or perform an action in a distinctive first‐personal way, i.e., they learn of those facts in a manner that mere observers cannot. Subjects have this first‐personal self‐knowledge in virtue of first‐personal self‐knowledge of the reasons for which they hold an attitude or perform an action—their motivating reasons. This paper focusses on one’s reasons for holding an attitude. So, it is not just that subjects have distinctive access to the fact that they, say, believe that q; they also have distinctive access to the fact that they believe that p for the reason that p. I argue for this position contra the prevailing orthodoxy. Philosophers and psychologists often deny that subjects have distinctive access to why they hold their attitudes. Indeed, even many of those who claim that subjects can use a special method to learn that they have a given attitude deny that this method provides knowledge of why one holds that attitude.
The Democratic Crisis and the Knowledge Problem
Authors: Facchini François , Melki Mickael 
Published: October 2019

This article provides a new explanation for the current democratic crisis by focusing on the growing opposition of citizens to political elites. Modern democracies are basically representative democracies in the sense that citizens are represented by a governing political elite. We argue that democracies are in crisis because this political elite cannot possess the knowledge necessary to manage the complexity of the social order and implement rational choices. They fail in dealing with knowledge and thus cast doubt among citizens on the very legitimacy of democracy. This produces generalized distrust toward elites, who were thought to be able to deal with social complexity. As a result, democracy is considered to be responsible for societal problems while they actually stem from elites' overestimation of their ability to deal with societal complexity.Related ArticlesConsidine, Mark. 2012. “Applying Design Theory to Public Policy.” Politics & Policy 40 (4): 704‐724. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00372.xNorman, Emma R., and Rafael Delfin. 2012. “Wizards under Uncertainty: Cognitive Biases, Threat Assessment, and Misjudgments in Policy Making.” Politics & Policy 40 (3): 369‐402. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00356.x/abstractRaile, Eric D., Amber N. Raile, Charles T. Salmon, and Lori Ann Post. 2014. “Defining Public Will.” Politics & Policy 42 (1): 103‐130. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12063Related MediaA summary of the article will be made in French for readers of the PHEBE site (LE POInt, https://www.lepoint.fr/phebe/) and on the counterpoint site (https://www.contrepoints.org/)
PTH determination in hemodialyzed patients—A laboratory perspective
Authors: Cavalier Etienne , Souberbielle Jean‐Claude , Delanaye Pierre 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key player of bone remodelling in patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease‐Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD‐MBD). Serum PTH concentrations are thus frequently measured in CKD patients. Nevertheless, this determination is far from simple. PTH stability can be an issue and degradation of the peptide can be important if storage is not properly done. Biologically active PTH circulates together with fragments, which can be detected by some immunoassays. There is, up to now, no standardization of the assays available on the market, which can lead to some confusion when patients are followed with different methods. The upper end of the reference ranges provided by some manufacturers have not been properly established and are sometimes far too high. Finally, PTH can be oxidized in vivo and thus become inactive, while still quantified by immunoassays. In this Editorial, we will try to highlight some of these issues on PTH measurement.
Active commuting in Swedish workers between 1998 and 2015—Trends, characteristics, and cardiovascular disease risk
Authors: Eriksson Jane Salier , Ekblom Björn , Kallings Lena V. , Hemmingsson Erik , Andersson Gunnar , Wallin Peter , Ekblom Örjan , Ekblom‐Bak Elin 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundTrend analyses of active commuting and potential variations in trends and association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk within subgroups are unknown.ObjectivesTo (a) describe trends in active commuting between 1998 and 2015 and (b) to study the association between different amounts of active commuting and the incidence risk of CVD in a large sample of Swedish workers, and analyses of potential variations across subgroups of socio‐demographics, physical activity, and BMI.MethodsA total of 318 309 participants (47% women, 18‐74 years) who participated in a nationwide occupational health service screening between 1998 and 2015 were included. Commuting habits were self‐reported, and data on first‐time CVD events were derived from national registers.ResultsSelf‐reported passive commuters decreased between 1998 and 2015 (64% to 56%), transferring to an increase in mainly moderate/high‐dose active commuters (12% to 19%). Changes were seen in all subgroups. The characteristics and lifestyle habits of the typical passive and active commuter changed little over the study period. Low‐ and moderate/high‐dose active commuters had significantly decreased risks for a first time CVD during follow‐up. This was accentuated in men, middle‐aged, and in participants with light physical work situations, irregular exercise habits, being overweight/obese, and with low fitness.ConclusionIncreases in active commuting were observed between 1998 and 2015, however still leaving a majority who do not actively commute. As active commuting, regardless dose, is associated with a lower CVD risk, encouraging more people to actively commute may provide an easily accessible and time‐efficient possibility to increase physical activity and health in the general population.
Effect of continuous strain path changes on forming limit strains of DP600
Authors: Song Xiao , Leotoing Lionel , Guines Dominique , Ragneau Eric 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe strain path may change in actual sheet metal‐forming processes, so the determination of formability of sheet metal should consider the nonlinear strain path. For identifying the forming limit (FL) strains under nonlinear strain path, a conventional two‐step procedure with unloading is classically used to produce the strain path change, which results in no continuous measure of strain. The in‐plane biaxial tensile test with a cruciform specimen is an interesting alternative to overcome the drawbacks of conventional method. The strain path change can be made without unloading during a single test. In this work, the experimental FL strains of DP600 sheets under two types of nonlinear strain path are investigated and then compared with those under linear strain paths. The Oyane ductile fracture criterion is used in the finite element simulation to predict the experimental results.
Reliability-Based Design Optimization of a Cemented Prosthesis in a Femur Undergoing Bone Remodeling
Authors: Corso Leandro Luis , Gomes Herbert Martins , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas , Zanrosso Crisley Dossin , Marczak Rogério José , Falavigna Asdrubal 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study proposes a numerical methodology to minimize the bone mass loss in a femur with a total hip arthroplasty procedure, considering uncertainties in the material parameters and using a reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) procedure. A genetic algorithm (GA) is applied for optimization, and a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model associated with the bone remodeling procedure is proposed and described to account for the internal and external femoral bone behavior. An example of a femoral prosthesis design is presented as a basis for discussion of the proposed methodologies, and the corresponding reliability level is evaluated. Constraints on the strength of all materials and target reliability levels are inputs to the optimization model. The main prosthesis dimensions and Young modulus are the design variables. The proposed methodology is compared with a well-known deterministic optimization (DO) procedure and the results show that it is important to consider the uncertainties in this kind of problem since in this case, the a posteriori reliability may be low.
Automated Quantification of Diseased Thoracic Aortic Longitudinal Centerline and Surface Curvatures
Authors: Bondesson Johan , Suh Ga-Young , Lundh Torbjörn , Lee Jason T. , Dake Michael D. , Cheng Christopher P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Precise description of vascular morphometry is crucial to support medical device manufacturers and clinicians for improving device development and interventional outcomes. A compact and intuitive method is presented to automatically characterize the surface geometry of tubular anatomic structures and quantify surface curvatures starting from generic stereolithographic (STL) surfaces. The method was validated with software phantoms and used to quantify the longitudinal surface curvatures of 37 human thoracic aortas with aneurysm or dissection. The quantification of surface curvatures showed good agreement with analytic solutions from the software phantoms, and demonstrated better agreement as compared to estimation methods using only centerline geometry and cross-sectional radii. For the human thoracic aortas, longitudinal inner surface curvature was significantly higher than centerline curvature (0.33 ± 0.06 versus 0.16 ± 0.02 cm−1 for mean; 1.38 ± 0.48 versus 0.45 ± 0.11 cm−1 for peak; both p &lt; 0.001). These findings show the importance of quantifying surface curvatures in order to better describe the geometry and biomechanical behavior of the thoracic aorta, which can assist in treatment planning and supplying device manufactures with more precise boundary conditions for mechanical evaluation.
Fumarate Metabolic Signature for the Detection of Reed Syndrome in Humans
Authors: Casey Ruth T. , McLean Mary A. , Challis Benjamin G. , McVeigh Terri P. , Warren Anne Y. , Mendil Lee , Houghton Richard , De Sanctis Stefano , Kosmoliaptsis Vasilis , Sandford Richard N. , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Maher Eamonn R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurpose:Inherited pathogenic variants in genes encoding the metabolic enzymes succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fumarate hydratase predispose to tumor development through accumulation of oncometabolites (succinate and fumarate, respectively; ref. 1). Noninvasive in vivo detection of tumor succinate by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been reported in SDH-deficient tumors, but the potential utility of this approach in the management of patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome or Reed syndrome is unknown.Experimental Design:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was performed on three cases and correlated with germline genetic results and tumor IHC when available.Results:Here, we have demonstrated a proof of principle that 1H-MRS can provide a noninvasive diagnosis of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome or Reed syndrome through detection of fumarate accumulation in vivo.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that in vivo detection of fumarate could be employed as a functional biomarker.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy–Related Sudden Cardiac Death in Young People in Ontario
Authors: Weissler-Snir Adaya , Allan Katherine , Cunningham Kristopher , Connelly Kim A. , Lee Douglas S. , Spears Danna A. , Rakowski Harry , Dorian Paul 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is considered a leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in younger people. The incidence of HCM-related SCD and its relationship to exercise have not been well studied in large comprehensive studies outside of tertiary care settings. This study sought to estimate the incidence of HCM-related SCD and its association with exercise in a large unselected population.

Methods:
Using the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario database encompassing all deaths attended by the coroner, we identified all HCM-related SCDs in individuals 10 to 45 years of age between 2005 and 2016 (70 million person-years). Confirmation of HCM was based on typical macroscopic and microscopic features (definite HCM-related SCD). Sudden deaths with a prior clinical diagnosis of HCM but no autopsy were considered probable HCM-related SCDs. Cases with typical features but no myofiber disarray were considered possible HCM. The completeness of data was verified in a subset of patients in the Toronto area with the use of a registry of all emergency medical services–attended cardiac arrests, with an autopsy rate of 94%. To estimate the number of HCM-related aborted cardiac arrests and lives potentially saved by implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, all de novo implantations for secondary prevention and all implantations and appropriate shocks for primary prevention in patients with HCM 10 to 45 years of age, respectively, were identified with the use of a registry containing data on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantations from all implanting sites throughout Ontario.

Results:
Forty-four, 3, and 6 cases of definite, probable, and possible HCM-related SCDs, respectively, were identified, corresponding to estimated annual incidence rates of 0.31 per 1000 HCM person-years (95% CI, 0.24–0.44) for definite HCM-related SCD, 0.33 per 1000 HCM person-years (95% CI, 0.34–0.62) for definite or probable HCM-related SCD, and 0.39 per 1000 HCM person-years (95% CI, 0.28–0.49) for definite, probable, or possible HCM-related SCD (estimated 140 740 HCM person-years of observation). The estimated annual incidence rate for HCM-related SCD plus aborted cardiac arrest and HCM-related life-threatening arrhythmia (SCD, aborted cardiac arrest, and appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks) was 0.84 per 1000 HCM person-years (95% CI, 0.70–1.0). The majority (70%) of SCDs occurred in previously undiagnosed individuals. Most SCDs occurred during rest (64.8%) or light activity (18.5%).

Conclusions:
The incidence of HCM-related SCD in the general population 10 to 45 years of age is substantially lower than previously reported, with most cases occurring in previously undiagnosed individuals. SCDs are infrequently related to exercise.
Copeptin Kinetics in Acute Ischemic Stroke May Differ According to Revascularization Strategies
Authors: Spagnolello Ornella , De Michele Manuela , Lorenzano Svetlana , Cerulli Irelli Emanuele , Naitana Federico , Falcou Anne , Letteri Federica , Bachetoni Alessandra , Collepardo Daniela , Bertazzoni Giuliano , Toni Danilo 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Prognostic value of copeptin in acute ischemic stroke has been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate copeptin temporal profile according to revascularization strategies and the development of brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation.

Methods—

Plasma copeptin and brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation assessed by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated upon admission (
T0
), at 24 hours (
T1
), and between the third and fifth day of hospitalization (
T2
) in 34 acute ischemic stroke patients.

Results—

Median copeptin concentration was 50.71 pmol/L at
T0
, 18.31 pmol/L at
T1
, and 10.92 pmol/L at
T2
. Copeptin at
T1
was higher in patients with medium/severe brain edema at
T2
(32.25 versus 13.67 pmol/L;
P
=0.038) and hemorrhagic transformation at
T1
(93.10 versus 13.67 pmol/L;
P
<0.003) and
T2
(85.70 versus 14.45 pmol/L;
P
=0.024). Copeptin level drop (CopΔ

T1−T0

) was significantly steeper in patients receiving revascularization, particularly in those undergoing combined therapy (−129.34 versus −5.43 pmol/L;
P
=0.038). Δ

T1−T0

also correlated with Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Copeptin resulted associated with brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke, and its drop at 24 hours may mirror effective brain vessel recanalization.
When Temporal Certainty Doesn't Help
Authors: Kusnir Flor , Pesin Slav , Moscona Gal , Landau Ayelet N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a dynamically changing environment, the ability to capture regularities in our sensory input helps us generate predictions about future events. In most sensory systems, the basic finding is clear: Knowing when something will happen improves performance on it [Nobre, A. C., & van Ede, F. (2017). Anticipated moments: Temporal structure in attention. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19, 34–48, 2017]. We here examined the impact of temporal predictions on a less-explored modality: touch. Participants were instructed to detect a brief target embedded in an ongoing vibrotactile stimulus. Unbeknownst to them, the experiment had two timing conditions: In one part, the time of target onset was fixed and thus temporally predictable, whereas in the other, it could appear at a random time within the ongoing stimulation. We found a clear modulation of detection thresholds due to temporal predictability: Contrary to other sensory systems, detecting a predictable tactile target was worse relative to unpredictable targets. We discuss our findings within the framework of tactile suppression.
Human Depth Sensitivity Is Affected by Object Plausibility
Authors: Wong Nicole H. L. , Ban Hiroshi , Chang Dorita H. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Using behavioral and fMRI paradigms, we asked how the physical plausibility of complex 3-D objects, as defined by the object's congruence with 3-D Euclidean geometry, affects behavioral thresholds and neural responses to depth information. Stimuli were disparity-defined geometric objects rendered as random dot stereograms, presented in plausible and implausible variations. In the behavior experiment, observers were asked to complete (1) a noise-based depth task that involved judging the depth position of a target embedded in noise and (2) a fine depth judgment task that involved discriminating the nearer of two consecutively presented targets. Interestingly, results indicated greater behavioral sensitivities of depth judgments for implausible versus plausible objects across both tasks. In the fMRI experiment, we measured fMRI responses concurrently with behavioral depth responses. Although univariate responses for depth judgments were largely similar across cortex regardless of object plausibility, multivariate representations for plausible and implausible objects were notably distinguishable along depth-relevant intermediate regions V3 and V3A, in addition to object-relevant LOC. Our data indicate significant modulations of both behavioral judgments of and neural responses to depth by object context. We conjecture that disparity mechanisms interact dynamically with the object recognition problem in the visual system such that disparity computations are adjusted based on object familiarity.