bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodiversity and Antimicrobial Potential of Bacterial Endophytes from HalophyteSalicornia brachiata
Authors: Singh Sanju , Ghadge Vishal , Kumar Pankaj , Mathew Doniya Elze , Dhimmar Asmita , Sahastrabudhe Harshal , Nalli Yedukondalu , Rathod Mina R. , Shinde Pramod B. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTUntapped natural habitats like halophytes, marsh land, and marine environment are suitable arena for chemical ecology between plants and microbes having environmental impact. Endophytes constitute an ecofriendly option for the promotion of plant growth and to serve as sustainable resources of novel bioactive natural products. The present study focusing on biodiversity of bacterial endophytes fromSalicornia brachiata, led to isolation of around 350 bacterial endophytes. Phylogenetic analysis of 63 endophytes revealed 13 genera with 29 different species, belonging to 3 major groups: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. 30% isolates belonging to various genera demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities against a panel of human, plant, and aquatic infectious agents. An endophytic isolateBacillus amyloliquefaciens5NPA-1, exhibited strong in-vitro antibacterial activity against human pathogenS. aureusand phytopathogenX. campestris. Investigation through LC-MS/MS-based molecular networking and bioactivity-guided purification led to the identification of three bioactive compounds belonging to lipopeptide class on the basis of1H- and13C-NMR and MS analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report studying bacterial endophytic biodiversity ofSalicornia brachiataand isolation of bioactive compounds from its endophyte. Overall, the present study provides insights into the diversity of endophytes associated with the plants from the extreme environment as rich source of metabolites with remarkable agricultural applications and therapeutic properties.
Polygenic prediction of school performance in children with and without psychiatric disorders
Authors: Rajagopal Veera M. , Trabjerg Betina B , Grove Jakob , Horsdal Henriette T. , Petersen Liselotte , Bulik Cynthia M. , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Bækvad-Hansen Marie , Hougaard David M , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Werge Thomas , Mortensen Preben Bo , Agerbo Esben , Borglum Anders D. , Demontis Ditte 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSuboptimal school performance is often seen in children with psychiatric disorders and is influenced by both genetics and the environment. Educational attainment polygenic score (EA-PGS) has been shown to significantly predict school performance in the general population. Here we analyze the association of EA-PGS with school performance in 18,495 children with and 12,487, without one or more of six psychiatric disorders and show that variance explained in the school performance by the EA-PGS is substantially lower in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Accounting for parents’ socioeconomic status obliterated the variance difference between ADHD–but not ASD–and controls. Given that a large proportion of the prediction performance of EA-PGS originate from family environment, our findings hint that family environmental influences on school performance might differ between ADHD and controls; studying the same further will open new avenues to improve the school performance of children with ADHD.
L-arabinose induces the formation of viable non-proliferatingVibrio choleraespheroplasts
Authors: Espinosa Elena , Daniel Sandra , Hernández Sara B. , Cava Felipe , Barre François-Xavier , Galli Elisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA general survival strategy of many life forms faced with harmful growth conditions is to enter into a non-proliferating state until conditions suitable for growth are restored. In bacteria, this survival strategy is associated with antimicrobial tolerance, chronic infections and environmental dispersion. In particular, the agent of the deadly human disease cholera,Vibrio cholerae, undergoes a morphological transition from a rod-shaped proliferative form to a spherical non-proliferating form after exposure to cold or cell wall targeting antibiotics. Growth is resumed when the adverse conditions have ceased.Here, we show that a component of the hemicellulose and pectin of terrestrial plants, L-arabinose, triggers the formation of non-proliferatingV. choleraespherical cells, which are able to return to growth when L-arabinose is removed from the growth medium. We found that the cell wall of L-arabinose treatedV. choleraecells has a peptidoglycan composition similar to the cell wall of spheroplasts and that they revert to a wild-type morphology through the formation of branched cells like L-forms. Unlike L-forms, however, they are osmo-resistant. Through a random Tn genetic screen for mutants insensitive to L-arabinose, we identified genes involved in the uptake and catabolism of galactose and in glycolysis. We hypothesize that L-arabinose is enzymatically processed by the galactose catabolism and glycolysis pathways until it is transformed in a product that cannot be further recognized byV. choleraeenzymes. Accumulation of this enzymatic by-product triggers the formation of viable non-dividing cell wall deficient spherical cells.
Defining the function of OmpA in the Rcs stress response
Authors: Létoquart Juliette , Dekoninck Kilian , Laguri Cédric , Demange Pascal , Bevernaegie Robin , Simorre Jean-Pierre , Dehu Olivia , Iorga Bogdan I. , Elias Benjamin , Cho Seung-Hyun , Collet Jean-François 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOmpA, a protein commonly found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, has served as a paradigm for the study of β-barrel proteins for several decades. InEscherichia coli, OmpA was previously reported to form complexes with RcsF, a surface-exposed lipoprotein that triggers the Rcs stress response when damage occurs in the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan. How OmpA interacts with RcsF and whether this interaction allows RcsF to reach the surface has remained unclear. Here, we integratedin vivoandin vitroapproaches to establish that RcsF interacts with the C-terminal, periplasmic domain of OmpA, not with the N-terminal β-barrel, thus implying that RcsF does not reach the bacterial surfaceviaOmpA. Our results reveal a novel function for OmpA in the cell envelope: OmpA competes with the inner membrane protein IgaA, the downstream Rcs component, for RcsF binding across the periplasm, thereby regulating the Rcs response.
Establishment of Reference Intervals of Clinical Chemistry Analytes for the Adult Population in Egypt
Authors: Baz Heba , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Selim May , Awad Ahmed , Aglan Sarah , Ramadan Dalia , Hassab Amina , Mansour Lamia , Elgaddar Ola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis is the first Egyptian nationwide study for derivation of reference intervals (RIs) for 34 major chemistry analytes. It was conducted as a part of the global initiative by the IFCC Committee on Reference Intervals and Decision Limits (C-RIDL) for establishing country-specific RIs based on a harmonized protocol.Methods691 apparently healthy volunteers aged ≥18 years were recruited from multiple regions in Egypt. Serum specimens were analyzed in two centers. The harmonization and standardization of test results were achieved by measuring value-assigned serum panel provided by C-RIDL. The RIs were calculated by parametric method. Sources of variation of reference values (RVs) were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. The need for partitioning by sex, age, and region was judged primarily by standard deviation ratio (SDR).ResultsGender-specific RIs were required for six analytes including total bilirubin (TBil), aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST, ALT). Seven analytes required age-partitioning including glucose and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)., Regional differences were observed between northern and southern Egypt for direct bilirubin, glucose, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with all their RVs lower in southern Egypt. Compared with other collaborating countries, the features of Egyptian RVs were lower HDL-C and TBil and higher TG and C-reactive protein. In addition, BMI showed weak association with most of nutritional markers. These features were shared with two other Middle Eastern countries: Saudi Arabia and Turkey.ConclusionThe standardized RIs established by this study can be used as common Egyptian RI, except for a few analytes that showed regional differences. Despite high prevalence of obesity among Egyptians, their RVs of nutritional markers are less sensitive to increased BMI, compared to other collaborating countries.
Subjective optimality in finite sequential decision-making
Authors: Shin Yeonju , Seon HeeYoung , Shin Yun Kyoung , Kwon Oh-Sang , Chung Dongil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany decisions in life are sequential and constrained by a time window. Although mathematically derived optimal solutions exist, it has been reported that humans often deviate from making optimal choices. Here, we used a secretary problem, a classic example of finite sequential decision-making, and investigated the mechanisms underlying individuals’ suboptimal choices. Across three independent experiments, we found that a dynamic programming model comprising subjective value function explains individuals’ deviations from optimality and predicts the choice behaviors under fewer opportunities. We further identified that pupil dilation reflected the levels of decision difficulty and subsequent choices to accept or reject the stimulus at each opportunity. The value sensitivity, a model-based estimate that characterizes each individual’s subjective valuation, correlated with the extent to which individuals’ physiological responses tracked stimuli information. Our results provide model-based and physiological evidence for subjective valuation in finite sequential decision-making, rediscovering human suboptimality in subjectively optimal decision-making processes.
Strain-specific genome evolution inTrypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease
Authors: Wang Wei , Peng Duo , Baptista Rodrigo P. , Li Yiran , Kissinger Jessica C. , Tarleton Rick L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe protozoanTrypanosoma cruzialmost invariably establishes life-long infections in humans and other mammals, despite the development of potent host immune responses that constrain parasite numbers. The consistent, decades-long persistence ofT. cruziin human hosts arises at least in part from the remarkable level of genetic diversity in multiple families of genes encoding the primary target antigens of anti-parasite immune responses. However, the highly repetitive nature of the genome – largely a result of these same extensive families of genes – have prevented a full understanding of the extent of gene diversity and its maintenance inT. cruzi. In this study, we have combined long-read sequencing and proximity ligation mapping to generate very high-quality assemblies of twoT. cruzistrains representing the apparent ancestral lineages of the species. These assemblies reveal not only the full repertoire of gene family members in the two strains, demonstrating extreme diversity within and between isolates, but also provide evidence of the processes that generate and maintain that diversity, including extensive gene amplification, dispersion of copies throughout the genome and diversification via recombination andin situmutations. These processes also impact genes not required for or involved in immune evasion, creating unique challenges with respect to preserving core genome function while maximizing genetic diversity.
TRIAGE: A web-based iterative analysis platform integrating pathway and network approaches optimizes hit selection from high-throughput assays
Authors: Katz Samuel , Song Jian , Webb Kyle P. , Lounsbury Nicolas W. , Bryant Clare E. , Fraser Iain D.C. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTComprehensive and efficient gene hit selection from high throughput assays remains a critical bottleneck in realizing the potential of genome-scale studies in biology. Widely used methods such as setting of cutoffs, prioritizing pathway enrichments, or incorporating predicted network interactions offer divergent solutions yet are associated with critical analytical trade-offs, and are often combined in anad hocmanner. The specific limitations of these individual approaches, the lack of a systematic way by which to integrate their rankings, and the inaccessibility of complex computational approaches to many researchers, has contributed to unexpected variability and limited overlap in the reported results from comparable genome-wide studies. Using a set of three highly studied genome-wide datasets for HIV host factors that have been broadly cited for their limited number of shared candidates, we characterize the specific complementary contributions of commonly used analysis approaches and find an optimal framework by which to integrate these methods. We describe Throughput Ranking by Iterative Analysis of Genomic Enrichment (TRIAGE), an integrated, iterative approach which uses pathway and network statistical methods and publicly available databases to optimize gene prioritization. TRIAGE is accessible as a secure, rapid, user-friendly web-based application (https://triage.niaid.nih.gov).Graphical Abstract
The Neural Correlates of Semantic Control Revisited
Authors: Jackson Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSemantic control, the ability to selectively access and manipulate meaningful information on the basis of context demands, is a critical component of semantic cognition. The precise neural correlates of semantic control are disputed, with particular debate surrounding parietal involvement, the spatial extent of the posterior temporal contribution and network lateralisation. Here semantic control is revisited, utilising improved analysis techniques and a decade of additional data to refine our understanding of the network. A meta-analysis of 876 peaks over 121 contrasts illuminated a left-focused network consisting of inferior frontal gyrus, posterior middle temporal gyrus, posterior inferior temporal gyrus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. This extended the temporal region implicated, and found no parietal involvement. Although left-lateralised overall, relative lateralisation varied across the implicated regions. Supporting analyses confirmed the multimodal nature of the semantic control network and situated it within the wider set of regions implicated in semantic cognition.Highlights➢A multimodal semantic control network was delineated with formal meta-analyses➢Semantic control recruits inferior and medial frontal and posterior temporal cortex➢A large extent of posterior temporal cortex was implicated and no parietal regions➢Semantic control is left-lateralised but regions show differential lateralisation➢The semantic control regions were situated in the context of the wider semantic network
Isolation, culture and maintenance of rabbit intestinal organoids, and organoid-derived cell monolayers
Authors: Kardia Egi , Frese Michael , Strive Tanja , Zeng Xi-Lei , Estes Mary , Hall Robyn N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOrganoids emulate many aspects of their parental tissue and have been used to study pathogen-host interactions, tissue development and regeneration, metabolic diseases, and other complex biological processes. Here, we report a robust protocol for the isolation, maintenance and differentiation of rabbit small intestinal organoids and organoid-derived cell monolayers. We also report conditions that sustain an intestinal stem cell population in spheroid culture. Rabbit intestinal spheroids and monolayer cultures propagated and expanded most efficiently in L-WRN-conditioned medium that contained the signalling factors Wnt, R-spondin and Noggin, and that had been supplemented with ROCK and TGF-β inhibitors. Organoid and monolayer differentiation was initiated by switching to a medium that contained less of the L-WRN-conditioned medium and was supplemented with ROCK and Notch signalling inhibitors. Using immunofluorescence staining and RT-qPCR, we demonstrate that organoids contained enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells and Paneth cells. These findings demonstrate that our rabbit intestinal organoids have many of the multi-cellular characteristics of, and closely resemble, an intestinal epithelium. This newly established organoid culture system will provide a useful tool to study rabbit gastrointestinal physiology and disease. For example, organoids and organoid-derived cells may be used to propagate and study caliciviruses and other enterotropic pathogens that cannot be grown in conventional cell culture systems.
Single nucleus RNA-sequencing defines unexpected diversity of cholinergic neuron types in the adult mouse spinal cord
Authors: Alkaslasi Mor R. , Piccus Zoe E. , Silberberg Hanna , Chen Li , Zhang Yajun , Petros Timothy J. , Le Pichon Claire E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn vertebrates, motor control relies on cholinergic neurons in the spinal cord that have been extensively studied over the past hundred years, yet the full heterogeneity of these neurons and their different functional roles in the adult remain to be defined. Here, we developed a targeted single nuclear RNA sequencing approach and used it to identify an array of cholinergic interneurons, visceral and skeletal motor neurons. Our data expose markers for distinguishing these classes of cholinergic neurons and their extremely rich diversity. Specifically, visceral motor neurons, which provide autonomic control, could be divided into more than a dozen transcriptomic classes with anatomically restricted localization along the spinal cord. The complexity of the skeletal motor neurons was also reflected in our analysis with alpha, beta, and gamma subtypes clearly distinguished. In combination, our data provide a comprehensive transcriptomic description of this important population of neurons that control many aspects of physiology and movement and encompass the cellular substrates for debilitating degenerative disorders.
Contemporary restructuring trends in European multinational corporations: rationale and impact on labour and workers’ participation
Authors: Dörrenbächer Christoph , Geppert Mike , Hoffmann Aline 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper addresses the so far hardly understood contemporary restructuring trends in European Multinational corporations (MNCs), their rationales and their labour-related implications.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a systematic evaluation of academic and non-academic literature, as well as on more than 30 in-depth interviews with academic experts, management consultants, trade union consultants and workers’ representatives.FindingsEuropean MNCs continue to grow bigger, mostly through debt financed mergers and acquisitions. This triggers intensive cross-border standardization and reorganization activities that most prominently materialize as a sustained move towards global factories; a new wave of cross-border standardization in Human Resource Management, information technology and Big Data-driven, as well as compliance-induced reorganization measures.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to empirically map contemporary restructuring trends in European MNCs in a comprehensive way. Moreover, it addresses the managerial rationale underlying these restructuring trends. Based on these insights the paper assesses labour related implications that are both positive and negative.
Renewable energy in international business
Authors: Kaartemo Valtteri , Gonzalez-Perez Maria Alejandra 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this guest editorial is to introduce the special issue entitled “Renewable energy in international business.”

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a research agenda for the topic of the special issue and provides an overview of the articles included.

Findings
This guest editorial contains a discussion of the themes related to the topic, with a particular focus on the global production and adoption of renewable energies and dark sides of international renewable energy.

Research limitations/implications
This guest editorial considers how the articles included in the special issue contribute to research on renewable energy in international business and provides an avenue for future studies for a broader impact.

Originality/value
The discussion raises two important research streams that have remained overlooked in international business research, namely, global production and adoption of renewable energies and dark sides of international renewable energy. This guest editorial also highlights the potential of international business research to become more relevant by incorporating conceptual, methodological and empirical insights that inform the multidisciplinary community of renewable energy researchers.
Countering a masculinity contest culture at work: the moderating role of organizational justice
Authors: Workman-Stark Angela 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test whether organizational justice (i.e. fair treatment) can mitigate the harmful effects of a “masculinity contest culture (MCC)” (i.e. norms, rituals and belief systems valorizing social dominance, work above other parts of life, physical strength and the avoidance of weakness).Design/methodology/approachThrough an analysis of secondary survey data collected from a Canadian police organization (N = 488), this study tested the moderating effects of organizational justice on the relationship between employee perceptions of their workplace as a masculinity contest, and a negative outcome variable, harassment.FindingsThe results of this study suggest that a MCC was significantly related to harassment, which in turn contributed to lower psychological wellbeing and increased turnover intentions. Independently, organizational justice moderated the effect of a MCC on harassment, suggesting that harassment is less prevalent in the workplace when there is a greater focus on treating all employees fairly.Originality/valueDespite the increase in both scholarly and practitioner interest in the effects of organizational cultures in which employees seek to maintain their own status at all costs, there has been little research examining the interactions of these harmful workplace cultures and the factors that might counter them. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is one of the rare studies to investigate possible interventions for harmful workplace cultures.