bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid hormone promotes BCL‐2 expression and prevents apoptosis of early differentiating cerebellar granule neurons
Authors: Muller Y. , Rocchi E. , Lazaro J.B. , Clos J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractProgrammed cell death is a basic cellular process that has aroused much interest in recent years. Like immune cells, cultures of cerebellar granule neurons are very homogeneous and provide a unique opportunity for quantifying by flow cytometry one form of programmed cell death in the CNS, the apoptosis, and for studying its regulation by neurotrophic factors. We found that thyroid hormone promoted postmitotic survival by preventing the apoptosis of newly formed and early differentiated granule neurons in a dose‐dependent manner. This regulation could be through the protein bcl‐2, which is known to prevent cell death. This protein was present at all stages of granule neuron differentiation and appeared to be developmentally regulated. It was underexpressed in apoptotic granule neurons. The protein content of the cerebellum in hypothyroid rats was drastically reduced. In contrast, thyroid hormone caused a marked dose‐dependent increase in the amounts of this protein in granule neuron cultures. The possibility that thyroid hormone may be directly or indirectly required to promote cell survival is discussed, in terms of the hormone control of the local delivery of neurotrophins, such as NGF and NT‐3, as well as the expression of their low affinity receptors, gp75. We suggest that thyroid hormone has a permissive action on the developing CNS.
Nitric oxide for treatment of threatened preterm labor
Authors: Leszczynska‐Gorzelak B , Laskowska M , Marciniak B , Oleszczuk J 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The aim of our study was the assessment of effectiveness of nitroglycerin as a donor of nitric oxide, administered in the form of transdermal therapeutic system, applied in the treatment of threatening preterm labor. Patients and methods: The study was carried out on 30 pregnant patients with the symptoms of threatening preterm labor between 27th and 34th week of gestation. The patients were given nitroglycerin in the form of transdermal system releasing 5 mg of nitroglycerin in 24 h. Results: In our study the decrease in contractility and relaxation of uterus was observed in all obstetric patients. No changes in the fetal pulse rate and cardiotocographic tracing in the course of treatment and after completing treatment were observed. Conclusion: Nitroglycerin in the form of transdermal therapeutic system releasing nitric oxide may be an effective and safe tocolytic drug, however, further investigation needs to be performed.
Community contact persons promote utilization of obstetric services, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwakoby B , Akpala C , Nwagbo D , Onah B , Okeke V , Chukudebelu W , Ikeme A , Okaro J , Egbuciem P , Ikeagu A ,   (The Enugu PMM Team)
Published: July 2002

AbstractPreliminary studies: Focus group discussions revealed delay in seeking and reaching emergency care as a factor contributing to maternal mortality in Njikoka Local Government Area. Interventions: After obstetric services at local hospitals had been upgraded, 48 community contact persons were recruited. They were trained to improve community awareness of obstetric complications and to facilitate referral of women with complications. They were responsible for establishing links with pregnant women, improving access to transport, and mobilizing the community to donate blood. Results: Over 18 months, community contact persons referred 18 women with major obstetric complications for treatment at health facilities. Fifty‐two pregnant women were referred for other reasons. A total of 129 women were assisted by the community contact persons. This number declined sharply over time, from 60 in the first half of 1994 to 16 in the first half of 1995. Costs: The community contact persons intervention cost approximately US $635, with 64% coming from project funds, 25% from government and 11% from the community. Conclusions: Community contact persons can perform a valuable role in facilitating referral of women with obstetric complications and supporting health education activities. © 1997 International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycan fine structure in the mouse tail tendon fascicle
Authors: Derwin Kathleen A. , Soslowsky Louis J. , Kimura James H. , Plaas Anna H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe isolated mouse tail tendon fascicle, a functional and homogenous volume of tendon extracellular matrix, was utilized as an experimental system to examine the structure–function relationships in tendon. Our previous work using this model system demonstrated relationships between mean collagen fibril diameter and fascicle mechanical properties in isolated tail tendon fascicles from three different groups of mice (3‐week and 8‐week control and 8‐week Mov13 transgenic) K.A. Derwin, L.J. Soslowsky, J. Biomech. Eng. 121 (1999) 598–604. These groups of mice were chosen to obtain tendon tissues with varying collagen fibril structure and/or biochemistry, such that relationships with material properties could be investigated. To further investigate the molecular details of matrix composition and organization underlying tendon function, we report now on the preparation, characterization, and quantitation of fascicle PGs (proteoglycans) from these three groups. The chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS)‐substituted PGs, biglycan and decorin, which are the abundant proteoglycans of whole tendons, were also shown to be the predominant PGs in isolated fascicles. Furthermore, similar to the postnatal maturation changes in matrix composition previously reported for whole tendons, isolated fascicles from 8‐week mice had lower CS/DS PG contents (both decorin and biglycan) and a higher collagen content than 3‐week mice. In addition, CS/DS chains substituted on PGs from 8‐week fascicles were shorter (based on a number average) and richer in disulfated disaccharide residues than chains from 3‐week mice. Fascicles from 8‐week Mov13 transgenic mice were found to contain similar amounts of total collagen and total CS/DS PG as age‐matched controls, and CS/DS chain lengths and sulfation also appeared normal. However, both decorin and biglycan in Mov13 tissue migrated slightly faster on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electorphoresis (SDS‐PAGE) than the corresponding species from 8‐week control, and biglycan from the 8‐week Mov13 fascicles appeared to migrate as a more polydisperse band, suggesting the presence of a unique PG population in the transgenic tissue. These observations, together with our biomechanical data [Derwin and Soslowsky, 1999] suggest that compensatory pathways of extracellular matrix assembly and maturation may exist, and that tissue mechanical properties may not be simply determined by the contents of individual matrix components or collagen fibril size. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Histomorphometric description of allograft bone remodeling and union in a canine segmental femoral defect model: A comparison of rhBMP‐2, cancellous bone graft, and absorbable collagen sponge
Authors: Zabka A. G. , Pluhar G. E. , Edwards R. B. , Manley P. A. , Hayashi K. , Heiner J. P. , Kalscheur V. L. , Seeherman H. J. , Markel M. D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (rhBMP‐2) on the histomorphometry of femoral allograft‐host bone union and allograft remodeling. A 6 cm mid‐diaphyseal femoral defect was created and filled with an allograft stabilized with an interlocking nail in 21 dogs. Dogs were randomly divided into three equal groups and the allograft‐host bone junctions and the mid‐diaphyses of the allografts were treated with either an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) loaded with rhBMP‐2 (BMP group), an autogenous cancellous bone graft (CBG group), or ACS loaded with buffer solution (ACS group). All dogs received daily tetracycline until sacrifice at 24 weeks to label new bone formation. Histomorphometric analyses on sections of proximal and distal allograft‐host bone junctions and the mid‐diaphyseal portion of allografts were performed using fluorescent and regular light microscopy. Analyses of the host bone and junctions between allograft and host bone revealed significantly greater new bone formation and larger osteon radii in the BMP group compared to CBG and ACS groups and contralateral intact bone. Porosity in CBG and ACS groups was significantly higher than in the BMP group, which had similar values to intact bone. In transverse sections of allografts, the largest pore diameters were present in the CBG group. Based on all parameters measured, significantly higher bone turnover occurred in the outer cortical area of the allograft in all groups as compared to the inner cortical and mid‐cortical areas. New bone formation and osteon radius/osteon width in allografts were similar for all three groups. Higher porosity and larger pore diameters in the CBG and ACS groups suggested higher bone resorption versus formation in these groups compared to the BMP group. The results of this study reveal more balanced allograft bone resorption and bone formation in the BMP group, with greater resorptive activity in the CBG and ACS groups. However, neither rhBMP‐2 nor autogenous bone graft increased allograft incorporation when compared to the negative control (ACS group). © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Induction of c‐fos mRNA by lead in PC 12 cells
Authors: Kim K. , Annadata M. , Goldstein G.W. , Bressler J.P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAddition of lead acetate to PC 12 pheochromocytoma cells elicits induction of c‐fos, an immediate early response gene. Induction of c‐fos was concentration‐ and time‐dependent: the lowest concentration of lead acetate tested that induced c‐fos was 10 μM; induction was observed after a 30 min incubation and remained high after 90 min. Treatment with lead acetate and cycloheximide superinduced c‐fos mRNA. Actinomycin D, an inhibitor of mRNA transcription, decreased the level of c‐fos mRNA induced by lead acetate by almost 80%. Cadmium chloride and zinc chloride did not induce c‐fos mRNA. Since the c‐fos gene encodes a transcription factor, Pb2+ has the potential to deregulate the expression of other genes.
Seeking an Urban Philosophy: Carlo Ratti and the Senseable City
Authors: Burry Mark 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarlo Ratti of international design practice Carlo Ratti Associates, who is also head of the Senseable City Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), has a considerable history of polemic propositions and positing thoughtful urban analysis techniques. Here Guest‐Editor Mark Burry charts and explains Ratti's trajectory and thinking and its place in the evolving protocol of digitalised urban design.
Impact of the type of anthracycline and of stem cell transplantation in younger patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: Long‐term follow up of a phase III study
Authors: Baron Frédéric , Efficace Fabio , Cannella Laura , Muus Petra , Trisolini Silvia , Halkes Constantijn J. M. , Fazi Paola , Vignetti Marco , Marie Jean‐Pierre , Chiusolo Patrizia , van der Velden Walter , La Sala Edoardo , Vitolo Umberto , Thomas Xavier , Lefrère Francois , Di Raimondo Francesco , Bourhis Jean‐Henri , Specchia Giorgina , Guimarães José E. , Allione Bernardino , Vrhovac Radovan , Ferrara Felicetto , Stevens‐Kroef Marian , Meert Liv , de Witte Theo , Willemze Roelof , Amadori Sergio , Suciu Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe provide a long‐term evaluation of patients enrolled in the EORTC/GIMEMA AML‐10 trial which included a total of 2157 patients, 15‐60 years old, randomized to receive either daunorubicin (DNR, 50 mg/m2), mitoxantrone (MXR, 12 mg/m2), or idarubicin (IDA, 10 mg/m2) in addition to standard‐dose cytarabine and etoposide for induction chemotherapy and intermediate dose cytarabine for consolidation. Younger patients who reached complete remission with complete (CR) or incomplete (CRi) recovery were then scheduled to receive an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). That was if they had a HLA‐identical sibling donor; in all other cases, an autologous HSCT had to be administered. At an 11‐year median follow‐up, the 5‐year, 10‐year and 15‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 33.2%, 30.1% and 28.0%, respectively. No significant difference between the three randomized groups regarding OS was observed (P = .38). In young patients, 15‐45 years old, no treatment difference (P = .89) regarding OS was observed, while in patients 46‐60 years old, MXR and IDA groups had a trend for a longer OS as compared to the DNR group (P = .029). Among younger patients without a favorable MRC cytogenetic risk subgroup who achieved a CR/CRi after induction chemotherapy, those with a HLA‐identical sibling donor had higher 10‐year and 15‐year OS rates than those without. In older patients who reached CR/CRi, the long‐term outcomes of those with or without a donor was similar. In conclusion, long‐term outcomes of the study confirmed similar OS in the three randomized groups in the whole cohort of patients.
Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder is Associated with further Increased Parkinson's Disease Risk in Veterans with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: White Donna L. , Kunik Mark E. , Yu Hong , Lin Helen L. , Richardson Peter A. , Moore Suzanne , Sarwar Aliya I. , Marsh Laura , Jorge Ricardo E. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveDetermining if traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). This constitutes a research priority for the Veterans Administration (VA) with implications for screening policy and prevention.MethodsPopulation‐based, matched case‐control study among veterans using VA health care facilities from October 1, 1999, to September 30, 2013. We identified 176,871 PD cases and 707,484 randomly selected PD‐free matched controls. PD, TBI, and PTSD were ascertained by validated International Classification of Disease 9th revision (ICD)‐9 code‐based algorithms. We examined the association between both risk factors and PD using race‐adjusted conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe overall study cohort prevalence for TBImild, TBInon‐mild, and PTSD was 0.65%, 0.69%, and 5.5%, respectively. Both TBI and PTSD were significantly associated with PD in single‐risk factor race‐adjusted analyses (conditional odds ratio [cOR] = 2.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.69–3.32), 3.82 (95% CI: 3.67–3.97), and 2.71 (95% CI: 2.66–2.77) for TBImild, TBInon‐mild, and PTSD, respectively). There was suggestive positive interaction observed with comorbid PTSD/TBI in dual‐risk factor analyses, with significant 2.69‐fold and 3.70‐fold excess relative PD risk in veterans with TBImild and TBInon‐mild versus those without TBI when PTSD was present versus 2.17‐fold and 2.80‐fold excess risk when PTSD was absent.InterpretationOur study was the first to demonstrate that both TBI and PTSD are independently associated with increased relative PD risk in a diverse nationwide cohort of military service veterans, and the first to suggest a potential modest synergistic excess risk in those with comorbid TBI/PTSD. Longitudinal research is needed to confirm these suggestive findings. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:33–41
Protective effect of rutin against bleomycin induced lung fibrosis: Involvement of TGF‐β1/α‐SMA/Col I and III pathway
Authors: Bai Linlin , Li Aimin , Gong Cuike , Ning Xuecong , Wang Zhihua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLung fibrosis is a progressive fatal lung disorder with significantly high mortality rates. Bleomycin (BLM) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of several carcinomas. The most severe adverse effect of BLM is lung toxicity; therefore, BLM has been repeatedly reported to be considered amongst the most widely used agents for the induction of experimental lung fibrosis. In the current study, rutin has been investigated for its ability to ameliorate BLM‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. BLM was instilled intratracheally and rutin was administered orally (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. Rutin significantly decreased lung/body weight index, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lactate dehydrogenase activity, total cell count, macrophages, and lymphocyte counts. Rutin significantly decreased lung malondialdehyde content, increased lung glutathione content, superoxide dismutase activity, serum total antioxidant capacity, and decreased lung nitric oxide content. Moreover, rutin reduced expressions of transforming growth factor beta 1 and other fibrosis‐related biomarkers (Col I, Col III, and α‐SMA). In addition, rutin significantly ameliorated histological changes and prevented collagen deposition with the paralleled decrease in lung hydroxyproline content. In conclusion, rutin can be proposed to be a potential therapeutic agent for the management of lung fibrosis.
Building an efficient artificial intelligence model for personalized training in colleges and universities
Authors: Xiao Meng , Yi Haibo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHigher education provides a common educational pattern to all students in colleges and universities. However, under the general law of higher education, the teaching and education of a certain category or subject has its special regularity. Besides, students in colleges and universities have different demands of education. To address the challenges in higher education, it is very important to carry out higher education reform in colleges and universities. Personalized education has been considered to be a new educational model that is a result of the individual desire of students and the development of society. Traditional methodologies of teaching in colleges and universities cannot fulfill the implementation of personalized training. Hence, it is very urgent to develop new methodologies for personalized training. Among the methodologies of realization of personalized training, artificial intelligence is one of the most important methodologies. We exploit artificial intelligence for personalize education reform. First, we analyze the information of students before entering the colleges and universities. Then, we propose a method to extract modeling features of the student information. Second, we propose a method to build a personalized training model based on artificial intelligence. Third, we propose a method to predict the development track of students based on the personalized training model. On the basis of above designs, we design personalized training for students in colleges and universities. Furthermore, we implement our design by using artificial intelligence. Besides, our design can be applied to the career planning or related areas.
Efficient Organoruthenium Catalysts for α‐Alkylation of Ketones and Amide with Alcohols: Synthesis of Quinolines via Hydrogen Borrowing Strategy and their Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Maji Ankur , Singh Anshu , Singh Neetu , Ghosh Kaushik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new family of phosphine free organometallic ruthenium(II) catalysts (Ru1–Ru4) supported by bidentate NN Schiff base ligands (L1–L4 where L1=N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐((2‐phenyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl) aniline, L2=N,N‐diethyl‐4‐((2‐phenyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)aniline, L3=N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐((2‐phenyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl)‐ aniline and L4=N,N‐diethyl‐4‐((2‐phenyl‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)hydrazineylidene)methyl) aniline) was prepared and characterized. These half‐sandwich complexes acted as catalysts for C−C bond formation and exhibited excellent performance in the dehydrogenative coupling of ketones and amides. In the synthesis of C–C bonds, alcohols were utilized as the alkylating agent. A broad range of substrates, including sterically hindered ketones and alcohols, were well tolerated under the optimized conditions (TON up to 47000 and TOF up to 11750 h−1). This ruthenium (II) catalysts were also active towards the dehydrogenative cyclization of o‐amino benzyl alcohol for the formation of quinolines derivatives. Various polysubstituted quinolines were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields (TON up to 71000 and TOF up to 11830 h−1). Control experiments were carried out and the ruthenium hydride intermediate was characterized to support the reaction mechanism and a probable reaction pathway of dehydrogenative coupling for the C−C bond formation has been proposed.
Electroless Plating of Transition Metal Boride with High Boron Content as Superior HER Electrocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Ruiqi , Liu Huixiang , Wang Chenfeng , Wang Lincai , Yang Yanjing , Guo Yanhui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFacile deposition of transition metal boride (TMB) with high‐boron content as highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst has been realized by a facile one‐step electroless‐plating (EP) method. Boron content of the TMB catalyst shows an appreciable impact on its intrinsic HER activity. NiB/NF electrode with thin amorphous nickel boride (NiB) deposition on nickel foam (NF) required overpotential of only 41.2 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER in 1.0 M KOH alkaline electrolyte. Meanwhile, this kind of electrode also shows satisfied stability which can work at large current density of 1000 mA cm−2 for over 72 h without performance degradation. The advance on the TMB electrode may pave a way to the development of practical electrodes for water splitting.
Peptidomimetic Polo‐Box‐Targeted Inhibitors that Engage PLK1 in Tumor Cells and Are Selective against the PLK3 Tumor Suppressor
Authors: Baxter Merissa , Chapagai Danda , Craig Sandra , Hurtado Cecilia , Varghese Jessy , Nurmemmedov Elmar , Wyatt Michael D. , McInnes Campbell 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe polo‐box domain (PBD) of PLK1 determines mitotic substrate recognition and subcellular localization. Compounds that target PLK1 selectively are required due to the tumor‐suppressor roles of PLK3. A structure‐activity analysis of the PBD phosphopeptide binding motif has identified potent peptides that delineate the determinants required for mimicry by nonpeptidic inhibitors and provide insights into the structural basis for the selectivity of inhibitors for the PLK1 PBD. Fragment‐ligated inhibitory peptides (FLIPs) obtained through REPLACE have been optimized to enhance in vitro binding and a systematic analysis of selectivity for PLK1 vs PLK3 has been carried out for peptides and peptidomimetics. Furthermore, these more drug‐like non‐ATP‐competitive inhibitors had on‐target engagement in a cellular context, as evidenced by stabilization of PLK1 in a thermal‐shift assay and by inhibition of the phosphorylation of TCTP, a target of PLK1. Investigation in cells expressing a mutant PLK1 showed that these cells are sensitive to PBD inhibitors but dramatically resistant to clinically investigated ATP‐competitive compounds. These results further validate targeting the PBD binding site in the move towards PLK1 inhibitors that are active against tumors resistant to ATP inhibitors.