bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the 4‐aminophenol color test for the differentiation of marijuana‐type and hemp‐type cannabis
Authors: Lewis Kenna , Wagner Rebecca , Rodriguez‐Cruz Sandra E. , Weaver Michael J. , Dumke Jonathan C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe analysis of cannabis plant material submitted to seized‐drug laboratories was significantly affected by the signing of the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018, which defined hemp and removed it from the definition of marijuana in the Controlled Substances Act. As a result, field law enforcement personnel and forensic laboratories now are in need of implementing new protocols that can distinguish between marijuana‐type and hemp‐type cannabis. Colorimetric tests provide a cost‐effective and efficient manner to presumptively identify materials prior to submission to a laboratory for analysis. This work presents the validation of the 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) color test and demonstrates its utility for discriminating between marijuana‐type and hemp‐type cannabis (i.e., typification). Validation studies included the testing of numerous cannabinoid reference materials, household herbs, previously characterized cannabis plant samples, and real‐case samples. The 4‐AP test reliably produces a pink result when the level of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is approximately three times lower than the level of cannabidiol (CBD). A blue result is generated when the level of THC is approximately three times higher than that of CBD. Inconclusive results are observed when the levels of THC and CBD are within a factor of three from each other, demonstrating the limitations of the test under those scenarios.
Composition, source, and influencing factors of white spots formation in soybean paste
Authors: Min Shihao , Niu Chengtuo , Shan Wanxiang , Sun Weikang , Liu Chunfeng , Zheng Feiyun , Wang Jinjing , Li Qi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhite spots are commonly found in bean‐based fermented food, which will significantly lower the product quality. This study aimed to analyze the composition of white spots and further reveal the source and influencing factors of white spots in bean‐based fermented food using soybean paste as study model. The results showed that white spots were mainly composed of 40.96% free tyrosine and 37.94% tyrosine in combination form. During soybean paste fermentation, tyrosine was found to be produced by the actions of proteolytic enzymes secreted by Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 instead of the microbial metabolism and the excessive accumulation of tyrosine in soybean paste led to the formation of white spots. Among all influencing factors, high temperature treatment favored the formation of white spots. The existence of soy peptone and phenylalanine would postpone the precipitation of tyrosine while promoting the aggregation of the tyrosine precipitation. Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis showed that tyrosine would accumulate around the soybean protein particles and treatment at 120 °C would disrupt the structure of tyrosine–protein complex. Based on the above results, we proposed that treatment of soybean paste at temperature lower than 80 °C was the current practically applicable method to control the formation of white spots in soybean paste.Practical ApplicationThis study developed a new idea to understand the composition and formation of white spots in soybean paste, which would provide guidance for prevention and control of white spots during the production of soybean paste for manufacturers and researchers.
Unravelling ties in the nitrogen network: Polyamines and nitric oxide emerging as essential players in signalling roadway
Authors: Recalde Laura , Gómez Mansur Nabila M. , Cabrera Andrea V. , Matayoshi Carolina L. , Gallego Susana M. , Groppa María D. , Benavides María P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNitrogen (N) is a central mineral nutrient essential for plant development and growth. It is usually scarcely found in soils, so the knowledge of the overall plant N metabolism deserves substantial attention. Polyamines (PAs) are N‐containing low‐molecular‐weight compounds of polycationic nature involved in essential processes all throughout the life of plants whereas nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous free radical involved in signalling cascades related to many physiological events. PAs and NO share signalling functions and interact with each other in several biological functions, mainly in stress responses. Biosynthesis pathways of PAs and NO are overlapped; PAs induce NO formation, but it is still not completely defined whether PAs act as substrates, cofactors, or signals for promoting NO synthesis and also, which are the mechanisms involved in NO regulation of PAs metabolism. Polyamine levels are of vital importance in the regulation of the network of N‐metabolising pathways in plants, as they are components of the core of the overall N metabolism. In light of the importance of improving the efficiency of N uptake and distribution, it is time to elucidate the intricate relationship among N as a nutrient with PAs and NO as emerging signalling molecules. The close cooperation among these players in the whole N metabolism is an interesting target for the development of biotechnological tools for sustainable agriculture.
Dermoscopic features of port‐wine stains: A study of 264 cases
Authors: Huang Yuanbo , Yang Jun , Li Zhongming , Zhang Lichao , Sun Li , Bi Mingye , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPort‐wine stains (PWS) occur in 0.3–0.5% of the population. However, the dermoscopic features of PWS have not been systematically studied.MethodsDermoscopic images of 264 cases with PWS were retrospectively analysed.ResultsLinear vessels were the most frequent dermoscopic features of PWS (42.0%). Other dermoscopic features were reticular vessels (28.0%), sausage‐like vessels (13.6%), dots or globules vessels (9.1%) and mixed vessels (7.2%). Nonvascular morphology comprised white circles (13.6%) and whitish veil (38.3%). Sausage‐like vessels and whitish veil were mainly present in the thickened type and in those with PWS aged ≥18 years; mixed vessels were mainly present in purple type of PWS. Dermoscopic features showed no significant difference between lesions located on different facial areas (V1, V2 and V3). Dots or globular vessels were more common in non‐facial lesions (P < 0.0001). White circles were only found in the facial lesions, and the frequency of white circles and whitish veil was higher in the treated group than in the untreated group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.04, respectively). The frequency of white circles was significantly higher in the prior treated group than in the untreated group (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThere are various of dermoscopic features of PWS. The dermoscopic features of patients with PWS may correlate with age, subtype, location, prior treatment history and pulsed dye laser (PDL) resistance.
The safety of paediatric surgery between COVID‐19 surges: an observational study
Authors: Okonkwo I. N. C. , Howie A. , Parry C. , Shelton C. L. , Cobley S. , Craig R. , Permall N. , El‐Sheikha S. H. , Herbert N. , Arnold P. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDespite the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, elective paediatric surgery must continue safely through the first, second and subsequent waves of disease. This study presents outcome data from a children's hospital in north‐west England, the region with the highest prevalence of COVID‐19 in England. Children and young people undergoing elective surgery isolated within their household for 14 days, then presented for real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) within 72 h of their procedure (or rapid testing within 24 h in high‐risk cases), and completed a screening questionnaire on admission. Planned surgery resumed on 26 May 2020; in the four subsequent weeks, there were 197 patients for emergency and 501 for elective procedures. A total of 488 out of 501 (97.4%) elective admissions proceeded, representing a 2.6% COVID‐19‐related cancellation rate. There was no difference in the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 among children and young people who had or had not isolated for 14 days (p > 0.99). One out of 685 (0.1%) children who had surgery re‐presented to the hospital with symptoms potentially consistent with SARS‐CoV‐2 within 14 days of surgery. Outcomes were similar to those in the same time period in 2019 for length of stay (p = 1.0); unplanned critical care admissions (p = 0.59); and 14‐day hospital re‐admission (p = 0.17). However, the current cohort were younger (p = 0.037); of increased complexity (p < 0.001) and underwent more complex surgery (p < 0.001). The combined use of household self‐isolation, testing and screening questionnaires has allowed the re‐initiation of elective paediatric surgery at high volume while maintaining pre‐COVID‐19 outcomes in children and young people undergoing surgery. This may provide a model for addressing the ongoing challenges posed by COVID‐19, as well as future pandemics.
Accuracy of postpartum hemorrhage coding in the Swedish Pregnancy Register
Authors: Ladfors Linnea V. , Muraca Giulia M. , Butwick Alexander , Edgren Gustaf , Stephansson Olof 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionPostpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is recognized as a leading cause of obstetric morbidity and mortality. Population‐wide studies have used International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnostic codes to track and report the prevalence of PPH. Although the 10th revision (ICD‐10) was introduced in Sweden in 1997, the accuracy of ICD‐10 codes for PPH is not known. Thus, the aim was to determine the accuracy of diagnostic coding for PPH in the Swedish Pregnancy Register.Material and methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 609 807 deliveries in Sweden between 2014 and 2019. Information on ICD‐10 codes for PPH and estimated blood loss were extracted from the Swedish Pregnancy Register. Using an estimated blood loss >1000 mL as the reference standard, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ICD‐10 codes for PPH by estimating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value with exact binomial 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In our secondary analysis, we assessed the ICD‐10 coding accuracy for severe PPH, defined as an estimated blood loss >1000 mL and transfusion of at least 1 unit of red blood cells registered in the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusion database.ResultsOf the 609 807 deliveries, 43 312 (7.1%) had an ICD‐10 code for PPH and 45 071 (7.4%) had an estimated blood loss >1000 mL. The ICD codes had a sensitivity of 88.5% (95% CI 88.2‐88.7), specificity of 99.4% (95% CI 99.4‐99.4), positive predictive value of 92.0% (95% CI 91.8‐92.3) and negative predictive value of 99.1% (95% CI 99.1‐99.1). In our secondary analysis, on deliveries with severe PPH, the sensitivity for an ICD code was 91.3% (95% CI 90.7‐91.9), whereas specificity was 83.5% (95% CI 82.3‐84.6).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that ICD‐10 codes for PPH in Sweden have moderately high sensitivity and excellent specificity. These results suggest that PPH diagnostic codes in medical records and linked pregnancy and birth registers can be used for research, quality improvement and reporting PPH prevalence in Sweden.
Ramucirumab or placebo plus erlotinib in EGFR‐mutated, metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer: East Asian subset of RELAY
Authors: Nishio Makoto , Seto Takashi , Reck Martin , Garon Edward B. , Chiu Chao‐Hua , Yoh Kiyotaka , Imamura Fumio , Park Keunchil , Shih Jin‐Yuan , Visseren‐Grul Carla , Frimodt‐Moller Bente , Zimmermann Annamaria , Homma Gosuke , Enatsu Sotaro , Nakagawa Kazuhiko ,   RELAY Study Investigators
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the global phase III RELAY study, ramucirumab plus erlotinib (RAM + ERL) demonstrated superior progression‐free survival (PFS) to placebo plus erlotinib (PL + ERL) in untreated patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation‐positive metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (hazard ratio (HR) [95% CI]: 0.59 [0.46‐0.76]). This prespecified analysis assessed RAM + ERL efficacy and safety in the RELAY subset enrolled in East Asia (Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong). Randomized (1:1) patients received oral ERL (150 mg/d) plus intravenous RAM (10 mg/kg) or PL Q2W. Primary endpoint was PFS (investigator‐assessed). Key secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR), overall survival (OS), and safety. Exploratory endpoints included biomarker analyses and time to second progression (PFS2). Median PFS was 19.4 vs 12.5 mo for RAM + ERL (n = 166) vs PL + ERL (n = 170) (HR: 0.636 [0.485‐0.833]; P = .0009). The 1‐y PFS rate was 72.4% vs 52.2%, respectively. PFS benefit was consistent in most subgroups, including by EGFR mutation (Ex19del, Ex21.L858R). ORR and DCR were similar in both arms, but median DoR was longer with RAM + ERL. OS and PFS2 were immature at data cut‐off (censoring rates, 81.2%‐84.3% and 64.1%‐70.5%, respectively). Grade ≥ 3 treatment‐emergent adverse events were more frequent with RAM + ERL (70.7%) than PL + ERL (49.4%). Adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were similar in both arms (RAM + ERL, 13.3%; PL + ERL, 12.9%), as were post‐progression EGFR T790M mutation rates (43%; 50%). With superior PFS over PL + ERL and safety consistent with the overall RELAY population, RAM + ERL is a viable treatment option for EGFR‐mutated metastatic NSCLC in East Asia.
Clinical, functional and genetic characterization of 16 patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease variants – identification of 11 novel mutations inCYBB
Authors: Mollin M , Beaumel S , Vigne B , Brault J , Roux-Buisson N , Rendu J , Barlogis V , Catho G , Dumeril C , Fouyssac F , Monnier D , Gandemer V , Revest M , Brion J-P , Bost-Bru C , Jeziorski E , Eitenschenck L , Jarrasse C , Drillon Haus S , Houachée-Chardin M , Hancart M , Michel G , Bertrand Y , Plantaz D , Kelecic J , Traberg R , Kainulainen L , Fauré J , Fieschi F , Stasia M J 
Published: September 2020

SummaryChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder in which phagocytes lack nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. The most common form is the X-linked CGD (X91-CGD), caused by mutations in the CYBB gene. Clinical, functional and genetic characterizations of 16 CGD cases of male patients and their relatives were performed. We classified them as suffering from different variants of CGD (X910, X91− or X91+), according to NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and NADPH oxidase activity in neutrophils. Eleven mutations were novel (nine X910-CGD and two X91−-CGD). One X910-CGD was due to a new and extremely rare double missense mutation Thr208Arg-Thr503Ile. We investigated the pathological impact of each single mutation using stable transfection of each mutated cDNA in the NOX2 knock-out PLB-985 cell line. Both mutations leading to X91−-CGD were also novel; one deletion, c.-67delT, was localized in the promoter region of CYBB; the second c.253-1879A&gt;G mutation activates a splicing donor site, which unveils a cryptic acceptor site leading to the inclusion of a 124-nucleotide pseudo-exon between exons 3 and 4 and responsible for the partial loss of NOX2 expression. Both X91−-CGD mutations were characterized by a low cytochrome b558 expression and a faint NADPH oxidase activity. The functional impact of new missense mutations is discussed in the context of a new three-dimensional model of the dehydrogenase domain of NOX2. Our study demonstrates that low NADPH oxidase activity found in both X91−-CGD patients correlates with mild clinical forms of CGD, whereas X910-CGD and X91+-CGD cases remain the most clinically severe forms.
Subjective expectations regarding longevity and future health: a cross‐sectional survey among patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Péntek M. , Gulácsi L. , Herszényi L. , Banai J. , Palatka K. , Lakatos P. L. , Brodszky V. , Rencz F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to explore the subjective health expectations (sHE) of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) for both the near future and the elderly.MethodA cross‐sectional survey was performed in four gastroenterology centres in Hungary. Consecutive outpatients with CD with age ≥ 18 were recruited. Socio‐demographic and disease characteristics were recorded and the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Perianal Disease Activity Index, Patients' Global Assessment (PGA) and current pain visual analogue scale (VAS) were assessed. Subjective life expectancy (sLE) was explored and compared to statistical life expectancy. Current health and sHE for 1 year ahead and for ages 60/70/80/90 were assessed using the descriptive system of the EQ‐5D‐3L.ResultsIn all, 206 patients (54.9% men) with a mean age of 34.7 (SD 10.5 years) and disease duration of 10.5 (SD 6.3) years were studied. The CDAI score was 110.5 (SD 77.0) and 66% were treated by biologic drugs. Mean current EQ‐5D‐3L score was 0.80 (SD 0.17) and patients expected a 0.05 (SD 0.15) improvement within a year (P < 0.05). For ages 60/70/80/90, a mean EQ‐5D‐3L score of 0.59, 0.38, 0.10 and −0.12 respectively was provisioned. Age, current health status, sLE, PGA and pain VAS showed significant correlation with both 1‐year and older age sHE (P < 0.05). Long‐term sHE and sLE were negatively affected by the presence of extraintestinal manifestations but not by previous CD‐related surgery.ConclusionPatients with CD expect severe deterioration in health in later life. Given that unrealistic sHE may affect patients' current quality of life and health behaviour, we encourage physicians to explore and consider CD patients' sHE in clinical care.
Long‐term outcome of sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence
Authors: Leo C. A. , Thomas G. P. , Bradshaw E. , Karki S. , Hodgkinson J. D. , Murphy J. , Vaizey C. J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimSacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is a minimally invasive treatment for faecal incontinence (FI). We report our experience of patients who have undergone SNS for FI with a minimum of 5 years’ follow‐up. This is a single centre prospective observational study with the aim to assess the long‐term function of SNS.MethodAll patients implanted with SNS were identified from our prospective database. The date of implantation, first and last clinic follow‐up, surgical complications and St Mark's incontinence scores were abstracted and analysed.ResultsFrom 1996 to 2014, 381 patients were considered for SNS. Of these, 256 patients met the study inclusion criteria. Median age at implantation was 52 years (range 18–81). The ratio of women to men was 205:51. Indications were urge FI (25%), passive FI (17.9%) and mixed FI (57%). The median of the incontinence score at baseline was 19/24 and this improved to 7/24 at the 6‐month follow‐up. Of the total cohort, 235 patients received a medium‐term follow‐up (median 110 months, range 12–270) with a median continence score of 10/24 which was also confirmed at the telephone long‐term follow‐up on 185 patients (132 months, range 60–276).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that SNS is an effective treatment in the long term. SNS results in an improvement of validated scores for approximately 60% of patients; however, there is a significant reduction of efficacy over time due to underlying causes.
Moderating effect of illicit drug use on the relationship between sexual behaviours and prevalence of HIV or sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Chen Lian‐Yu , Wu Shang‐Chi , Ko Nai‐Ying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWe aimed to: (i) investigate sexual behaviours, substance use, HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevalence among a population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Taiwan; and (ii) examine the moderating effects of substance use in the relationship of sexual behaviours and HIV and STI diagnosis.Design and MethodsWe used the Taiwan 2013 Internet MSM Sex Survey conducted cross‐sectionally online. We examined the association between sexual behaviours and HIV and STIs using logistic regression models. We then assessed the moderating effects of substance use between specific sexual behaviours and HIV and STI using interaction term.ResultsAmong the 2020 MSM participants, 5.5% of them had reported having been diagnosed with HIV and 7.4% with STIs. Reporting having a sex partner found online, having unprotected anal sex with a casual male partner, alcohol and illicit drug use were all significantly associated with HIV and STI diagnosis. Those reporting having sex with partners found via mobile apps were more likely to report being HIV positive as a function of illicit drug use. A similar finding was evident for STIs. Interestingly, alcohol had no moderating effects in similar analyses.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study sheds light on future development of interventions that target at mobile apps which better integrate drug prevention and HIV prevention programs for the MSM population.
Efficacy and safety of cold forceps biopsy for diminutive pharyngeal neoplasms: Single‐center, prospective pilot study
Authors: Shimodate Yuichi , Itakura Junya , Sunami Tomohiko , Ueno Masayuki , Ishikawa Sho , Hira Daichi , Takayama Hiroshi , Sumiya Tomoki , Sue Masahiko , Takezawa Rio , Doi Akira , Nishimura Naoyuki , Mouri Hirokazu , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Mizuno Motowo 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundManagement of diminutive pharyngeal neoplasms is controversial. Thus, we conducted a single‐center, prospective pilot study to investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic excision with cold forceps biopsy (CFB) of these lesions.Patients and MethodsThirty‐nine lesions endoscopically diagnosed with narrow‐band imaging as pharyngeal neoplasms of 3 mm or smaller were excised with CFB using jumbo biopsy forceps (cap diameter 2.8 mm, jaw volume 12.4 mm3). The primary outcome was endoscopically determined local remnant/recurrence rate 3 months after CFB. The secondary outcomes were histopathologically determined local remnant/recurrence rate; risk factors associated with the endoscopic remnant/recurrence; and incidence of intraoperative or delayed bleeding and other adverse events.ResultsHistological diagnosis of the 39 CFB‐excised lesions were: 11 high‐grade dysplasia (28.2%), 22 low‐grade dysplasia (56.4%), two basal cell hyperplasia (5.1%) and four atypical squamous epithelium (10.3%).Twenty‐seven patients (30 lesions) underwent follow‐up endoscopy 3 months after CFB; the endoscopic and pathological local remnant/recurrence rate was 20% (6/30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.7–36.6%) and 16.7% (5/30; 95% CI, 5.6–34.7%), respectively. Location of the lesion in the hypopharynx was a significant risk factor associated with the endoscopic local remnant/recurrence (P = 0.049). No significant adverse events occurred.ConclusionsCold forceps biopsy with jumbo biopsy forceps appears to be a safe and effective technique for excising diminutive pharyngeal neoplasms. Although small, the excised lesions may have a remarkably high frequency of high‐grade dysplasia. (Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000037980).