bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Two-Stage Design Framework for Two-Dimensional Spatial Packing of Interconnected Components
Authors: Peddada Satya R. T. , James Kai A. , Allison James T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPacking and routing separately are each challenging NP-hard problems. Therefore, solving the coupled packing and routing problem simultaneously will require disruptive methods to better address pressing-related challenges, such as system volume reduction, interconnect length reduction, ensuring non-intersection, and physics (thermal, hydraulic, or electromagnetic) considerations. Here we present a novel two-stage sequential design framework to perform simultaneous physics-based packing and routing optimization. Stage 1 generates interference-free initial layouts that are fed to stage 2 as starting points to perform continuous physics-based optimization. Three distinct strategies for stage 1 have been introduced recently, (1) the force-directed layout method (FDLM), (2) an extension of the shortest path algorithms (SPAs), and (3) a unique geometric topology (UGT) generation algorithm. In stage 2, a gradient-based topology optimization method is used to simultaneously optimize both component locations and interconnect routing paths. In addition to geometric considerations, this method supports optimization based on system behavior by including physics-based objectives and constraints. The proposed framework is demonstrated using three case studies. First, the layout generation methods developed for stage 1 are compared with respect to system performance metrics obtained from stage 2. Second, a multi-objective optimization problem using the epsilon-constraint method is solved to obtain Pareto optimal solutions. Third, an extension to multi-loop systems is demonstrated. In summary, the design automation framework integrates several elements together as a step toward a more comprehensive solution of 3D packing and routing problems with both geometric and physics considerations.
A New Development of a Shadow Density Filter for Manufacturing Constraint and Its Applications to Multiphysics Topology Optimization
Authors: Yoon Gil Ho , Ha Seon Il 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present research develops a new shadow filter and presents its usage for structural topology optimization (TO) considering the molding manufacturability. It is important to consider manufacturing methods in designing products. Some geometrical features not allowing molded parts should be removed. In addition, it has been an important issue to efficiently impose these manufacturing constraints in TO. For this purpose, the present research emulates implementation of shadowing of products and applies the shadow images as pseudo-density variables in TO. The use of this shadow density filter ensures that the optimized layouts comply with the conditions of the manufacturing constraints. Various manufacturing conditions can be imposed depending on the direction and the position of the light. Several numerical examples of compliance minimization problem, conjugate heat transfer problem, and fluid–structure interaction problem are solved to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the present shadow density filters, and their performances are compared.
Meshing Characteristic of Arc-Toothed Cylindrical Worm Pair and Cutting Geometric Condition of Its Worm
Authors: Meng Qingxiang , Zhao Yaping , Cui Jian , Dou Tonghao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The arc-toothed cylindrical worm has an arc tooth profile in a section, which may be the axial section, the normal section, or an offsetting plane of the worm helical surface. The meshing principle for a gearing containing such a worm is established. The normal vector of instantaneous contact line is determined in the natural frame and the meshing performance parameters are obtained without the help of the curvature parameters of the worm helical surface to ensure the established meshing principle is concise and practical. The numerical results show that the worm working length can be beyond half of the thread length and the meshing zone of the worm pair can cover most of the worm gear tooth surface. The instantaneous contact lines are uniformly distributed and the worm pair forms double-line contact. The numerical outcomes of the induced principal curvature show that the contact stress level between the teeth is higher in the middle of the worm gear tooth surface and near its dedendum. The forming condition of the lubricating oil film is poorer in the middle of the worm gear tooth surface and from addendum to dedendum as demonstrated by the numerical results of the sliding angle. The normal arc-toothed worm lathed by an offsetting cutter is recommended to apply in industry after various researches and analyses. The cutting geometric condition of the worm is investigated quantitatively. It is discovered that the rule of the cutter working relief angle changes along the cutting edge during lathing the worm.
Numerical Investigation of Free Convection in a Porous Corrugated Cavity Filled With Silver (Ag) Dispersed Nano-Fluid
Authors: Bhardwaj Saurabh , Dalal Amaresh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present work examines the convective heat transfer characteristics in a two-dimensional (2D) corrugated closed cavity embedded with porous media. The cavity is considered to be filled with silver dispersed water-based nano-fluid. The bottom wall is heated uniformly and non-uniformly in two different cases keeping both side corrugated walls isothermally cold with an adiabatic top wall. The various parameters are selected to perform numerical simulation in the range of solid-volume fraction, 0% ≤ ϕ ≤ 10%, 103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106, and 10−4 ≤ Da ≤ 10−2. The investigation shows that the heat transfer rate shows an increasing trend at high values of Ra and Da due to strong buoyancy forces in uniform and non-uniform heating. However, an increase in heat transfer in uniform heating is more compared to non-uniform heating. It is also observed that the nano-fluid has a great impact on the heat transfer characteristics due to its high value of thermal conductivity and irregular motion of the particles. As a result, the average Nusselt number (Nuavg) shows an increasing trend for increasing solid-volume fraction values.
Magnetic Field Effect on the Buoyancy-Driven Convection and Fluid Motion in Fe3O4/Water Nanofluid Filled Inside an Enclosure With Mutual Orthogonal Heaters
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kumar Aditya , Subudhi Sudhakar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present paper investigates the buoyancy induced flow and heat transfer in a square enclosure filled with Fe3O4/water nanofluid heated by mutually orthogonal heaters and symmetrically cooled by sidewalls under the influence of a strong uniform magnetic field. The nanofluid is experimentally synthesized by two-step method and the different thermophysical properties are measured. These experimentally determined properties are compared with the classical correlations available in the literature. Those correlations are found to underpredict the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluid. The error related to the use of the classical correlations is determined and it increases with the volume fraction. Hence, the experimentally determined properties are directly used in the numerical simulation. The governing equations in the form of nondimensional stream function, vorticity, and energy equations containing experimentally determined properties are solved using the finite difference method (FDM). The consequence of different factors like positions of the heaters, varying range of Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), the extremely low volume fraction of nanofluids (0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.0007), and Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 75) on the heat transport is studied and reported. The study explains and analyzes the streamlines and isotherms at different conditions. The results show that the positions of the horizontal and vertical heater have a significant effect on heat transfer and fluid flow inside the enclosure. Furthermore, the increase in Ha enervates the strength of flow and it leads to the deterioration of heat transfer.
On the Boundary Value Problems of Bending of Thin Elastic Plates With Surface Effects
Authors: Gharahi Alireza , Schiavone Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We modify classical thin plate theory by incorporating surface effects via the Gurtin–Murdoch surface model to accommodate the mechanical behavior of thin plates at the nanoscale. We formulate the corresponding Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems and establish uniqueness results in the appropriate function spaces. In addition, we obtain the fundamental solution of the governing system of equations, which is central to further studies concerning well-posedness analysis of the model by the boundary integral equation method. Finally, we validate our model by comparison with results in the existing literature.
Self-Piercing Riveting of Medium- and High-Strength Al and Mg Alloy Sheets Enabled by In-Process Electric Resistance Heating
Authors: Klein Thomas , Kirov Georg , Ucsnik Stephan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Enduring joints of high-strength materials are becoming increasingly important for the manufacturing of highly loaded body-in-white structures, particularly for automobiles, which require structural light-weighting without sacrificing passenger safety. While self-piercing riveting has been proven suitable for various material classes, its application to high-strength, low-ductile materials is hindered by the occurrence of cracks and insufficient penetration. In this work, we demonstrated that these restrictions can be overcome by localized one-sided short-time electric resistance heating. The treatment can be integrated into the riveting process, allowing for short process times. The heating lowers the hardness of the materials to be joined and enables piercing and penetration of the sheets to yield crack-free joints. The local mechanical properties are hardly changed in case of peak-aged sheet material conditions but increase significantly in the close vicinity of the rivet in case of under-aged sheet material conditions. The outstanding static and dynamic mechanical properties of the resulting joints evidence their robustness.
Associations Between Anthropometric Indicators in Early Life and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Time in Adolescence
Authors: Oliveira-Santos José , Santos Rute , Moreira Carla , Abreu Sandra , Lopes Luís , Agostinis-Sobrinho César , Mota Jorge 
Published: October 2020

Background: To explore the associations between birth weight and body mass index (BMI) from 6 months to 6 years of age, with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity, and sedentary time in adolescence. Methods: Retrospective school-based study with 539 adolescents (292 girls), mean age of 13.94 (1.62) years. Anthropometric data from birth up to 6 years were extracted from individual child health booklets. CRF was estimated by 20-m shuttle run test. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed with accelerometers. Results: Birth weight was not associated with any outcome measured in adolescence. From the age of 6 months onwards in girls, and from 3 years in boys, BMI associated inversely with CRF in adolescence. In girls, BMI (at 12 mo and at 3 y of age) associated positively with sedentary time in adolescence, but not with physical activity. In boys, positive associations between BMI at the ages of 3, 5, and 6 years old and time spent in some intensities of physical activity in adolescence were found. Conclusions: BMI during the early years was negatively associated with CRF in adolescence, in a consistent way, for both genders, but with physical activity and sedentary time the associations were scarce and inconsistent, depending on the gender.
Burden of cardiovascular diseases associated with fine particulate matter in Beijing, China: an economic modelling study
Authors: Jiang Yawen , Jiang Shan , Ni Weiyi 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the economic and humanistic burden associated with cardiovascular diseases that were attributable to fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μg/m3in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5) in Beijing.MethodsThis study used a health economic modelling approach to compare the actual annual average PM2.5concentration with the PM2.5concentration limit (35 µg/m3) as defined by the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard in terms of cardiovascular disease outcomes in Beijing adult population. The outcomes included medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and net monetary loss (NML). Beijing annual average PM2.5concentration was around 105 µg/m3during 2013–2015. Therefore, we estimated the differences in cardiovascular outcomes of Beijing adults between exposure to the PM2.5concentration of 105 µg/m3and exposure to the concentration of 35 µg/m3. According to WHO estimates, the hazard ratios of coronary heart disease and stroke associated with the increase of PM2.5concentration from 35 to 105 µg/m3were 1.15 and 1.29, respectively.ResultsThe total 1-year excess medical costs of cardiovascular diseases associated with PM2.5pollution in Beijing was US$147.9 million and the total 1-year QALY loss was 92 574 in 2015, amounting to an NML of US$2281.8 million. The expected lifetime incremental costs for a male Beijing adult and a female Beijing adult were US$237 and US$163, the corresponding QALY loss was 0.14 and 0.12, and the corresponding NML was US$3514 and US$2935.ConclusionsPM2.5-related cardiovascular diseases imposed high economic and QALY burden on Beijing society. Continuous and intensive investment on reducing PM2.5concentration is warranted even when only cardiovascular benefits are considered.
Validation of a brief scale to assess ambulatory patients’ perceptions of reading visit notes: a scale development study
Authors: Wright Julie A , Leveille Suzanne G , Chimowitz Hannah , Fossa Alan , Stametz Rebecca , Clarke Deserae , Walker Jan 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo develop and evaluate the validity of a scale to assess patients’ perceived benefits and risks of reading ambulatory visit notes online (open notes).DesignFour studies were used to evaluate the construct validity of a benefits and risks scale. Study 1 refined the items; study 2 evaluated underlying factor structure and identified the items; study 3 evaluated study 2 results in a separate sample; and study 4 examined factorial invariance of the developed scale across educational subsamples.SettingAmbulatory care in three large health systems in the USA.ParticipantsParticipants in three US health systems who responded to one of two online surveys asking about benefits and risks of reading visit notes: a psychometrics survey of primary care patients, and a large general survey of patients across all ambulatory specialties. Sample sizes: n=439 (study 1); n=439 (study 2); n=500 (study 3); and n=250 (study 4).Primary and secondary outcome measuresQuestionnaire items about patients’ perceived benefits and risks of reading online visit notes.ResultsStudy 1 resulted in the selection of a 10-point importance response option format over a 4-point agreement scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in study 2 resulted in two-factor solution: a four-item benefits factor with good reliability (alpha=0.83) and a three-item risks factor with poor reliability (alpha=0.52). The factor structure was confirmed in study 3, and confirmatory factor analysis of benefit items resulted in an excellent fitting model, X2(2)=2.949; confirmatory factor index=0.998; root mean square error of approximation=0.04 (0.00, 0.142); loadings 0.68−0.86; alpha=0.88. Study 4 supported configural, measurement and structural invariance for the benefits scale across high and low-education patient groups.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the four-item benefits scale has excellent construct validity and preliminary evidence of generalising across different patient populations. Further scale development is needed to understand perceived risks of reading open notes.
Availability and use of mHealth for disease diagnosis and treatment support by health workers in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Osei Ernest , Kuupiel Desmond , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani Phosa 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionImproving healthcare for all is one of the global health priorities, particularly in disease burdened settings such as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Considering the high penetration rate of mobile phones in SSA, mobile
health (mHealth) could be used to achieve universal health coverage. The proposed study will map evidence on the availability and use of mHealth for disease diagnosis and treatment support by health workers in SSA.Methods and analysisThis review will be guided by Arksey and O'Malley’s scoping review framework and Levac et al’s recommendations and guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute. A scoping review will be conducted to explore what is known about mHealth for disease diagnosis and treatment support by health workers in SSA and to identify areas for future research. In addition to searching the grey literature, the following databases will be explored from PubMed, MEDLINE and CINAHL with full text via EBSCOhost and ScienceDirect databases. A search in Google Scholar will be considered as an additional information source. The literature search will involve published studies from 2000 to 2020 in any language. This review will cover mHealth for disease diagnosis and treatment support by health workers in SSA. The primary investigator will conduct the title screening, and subsequently, two reviewers will independently conduct abstract and full article screening and data extraction. The results of this proposed review will be presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for the scoping review, which is the first stage in a PhD study in public health on accessing mHealth for disease diagnosis and treatment support by health workers in Ghana. The final review will be submitted for publications to a scientific journal, and our results will be presented at appropriate conferences.
While you’re waiting, a waiting room-based, cardiovascular disease-focused educational program: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mcintyre Daniel , Thiagalingam Aravinda , Chow Clara 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionPatients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently attend outpatient clinics and spend a significant amount of time in waiting rooms. Currently, this time is poorly used. This study aims to investigate whether providing CVD and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) education to waiting patients in a cardiology clinic of a large referral hospital improves motivation to change health behaviours, CPR knowledge, behaviours and clinic satisfaction post clinic, and whether there is any impact on reported CVD lifestyle behaviours or relevant CPR outcomes at 30 days.Methods and analysisRandomised controlled trial with parallel design to be conducted among 330 patients in the waiting room of a chest pain clinic in a tertiary referral hospital. Intervention (n=220) participants will receive a tablet-delivered series of educational videos catered to self-reported topics of interest (physical activity, blood pressure, diet, medications, smoking and general health) and level of health knowledge. Control (n=110) participants will receive usual care. In a substudy, intervention participants will be randomised 1:1 to receive an extra video on CPR or no extra video. The primary outcome will be the proportion of intervention and control participants who report high motivation to improve physical activity, diet and blood pressure monitoring at end of clinic. The primary outcome of the CPR study will be confidence to perform CPR post clinic. Secondary analysis will examine impact on clinic satisfaction, lifestyle behaviours, CPR knowledge and willingness to perform CPR post clinic and at 30-day follow-up.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been received from the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee. All patients will provide informed consent via a tablet-based eConsent framework. Study results will be disseminated via the usual channels including peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberANZCTR12618001725257.
Is fatigue a cue to obtain iron supplements in Odisha, India? A mixed methods investigation
Authors: Yilma Hagere , Sedlander Erica , Rimal Rajiv N , Pattnaik Soumik 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThis study aims to understand if fatigue, the main symptom of anaemia, is a health concern that cues women and their referent groups to obtain iron folic acid supplements.DesignThis is a mixed methods study that consisted of a cross-sectional perceptual mapping and card sorting activity along with 16 focus group discussions with women of reproductive age, mothers-in-law and men. Participants of the perceptual mapping and card sorting activity were asked to compare images of anaemia-related items and concepts. Participants in the focus group discussions were asked about their daily life, aspirations and concerns among women and perceptions of anaemia and iron supplementation in the community. The quantitative data were analysed through multidimensional scaling and analyses of variance in SPSS. The qualitative data were analysed through applied thematic analysis using NVivo.SettingBhubaneswar, Odisha, India.ParticipantsWomen of reproductive age (n=30), mothers-in-law (n=30) and married men (n=30) were randomly selected to participate in the perceptual mapping and card sorting exercise. A separate sample of each group was randomly selected for the focus group discussions (n=148).Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe collected perceptions of dissimilarity between anaemia-related items, including fatigue and medical items; the extent to which these items were perceived as important to health or likable; and qualitative information about gender norms.ResultsCognitive maps and card sorting revealed that fatigue was conceptualised distinctly from items related to medical treatment and that perceptions around fatigue’s importance to health were low. Women from the focus groups reported that fatigue is a regular part of their daily life.ConclusionOur results indicate that fatigue is currently not an adequate cue to seek treatment, perhaps due to the normalisation of fatigue as a part of women’s daily life.