bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weaving a strategy for a base‐of‐the‐pyramid market: The case of Grundfos LIFELINK
Authors: Andersen Poul Houman , Esbjerg Lars 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the development of strategies by multinational corporations (MNCs) for serving markets at the base of the economic pyramid (BoP). MNCs play an important role in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) formulated by the United Nations (UN), as they are responsible for one‐third of the total economic output and the majority of world trade. However, little is known about how MNCs contribute to meeting the UN SDGs. Through an in‐depth analysis of how Grundfos, a Danish MNC and a leading supplier of pumps, developed a solution for supplying fresh potable water to rural villages in Kenya, we investigate some challenges MNCs face and demonstrate the importance of intimate engagement with the context of strategic action. Tackling sustainable development issues in the context of BoP markets represents a distinctive challenge to MNCs, which often do not have a good understanding of BoP environments. Drawing on contrasting ideas of strategy as navigation or wayfaring, we highlight the dangers of trying to impose existing strategies and business practices in market contexts, which are fundamentally different from existing ones. We add to the existing research by exploring how such frameworks interact with strategizing processes in a novel environment for the operating firm. Specifically, we explore the interrelatedness between planned and emergent approaches to strategizing in BoP market environments.
Selecting human papillomavirus genotypes to optimize the performance of screening tests among South African women
Authors: Johnson Lauren G. , Saidu Rakiya , Mbulawa Zizipho , Williamson Anna‐Lise , Boa Rosalind , Tergas Ana , Moodley Jennifer , Persing David , Campbell Scott , Tsai Wei‐Yann , Wright Thomas C. , Denny Lynette , Kuhn Louise 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) testing is highly sensitive compared to cytology, with the trade‐off of being less specific. We investigated whether select combinations of HPV genotypes, ascertained by Linear Array (LA) and Xpert HPV (GX), can optimize sensitivity/specificity trade‐offs to detect high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). In a study in Cape Town, South Africa, 586 women living without and 535 living with HIV, aged 30‐65 years, were recruited. Each woman underwent a pelvic exam to collect cervical samples (tested by LA and GX for 14 high‐risk HPV genotypes) and underwent colposcopy with histological sampling to determine CIN2+. In multivariable logistic regression of LA results, only HPV genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58 were significantly associated with CIN2+ (P < .05). Xpert includes these seven types along with HPV 45 within three of the test's five channels and we defined these eight types as restricted genotyping (ie 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58). Full genotyping was defined as all 14 high‐risk types. Sensitivity estimates for full genotyping using LA were similar to that of restricted genotyping: 83.9% (full) vs 79.0% (restricted) in women without HIV and 93.0% (full) vs 88.9% (restricted) in women living with HIV. Specificity estimates improved for restricted vs full genotyping: 87.4% (full) vs 90.8% (restricted) in women without HIV and 63.7% (full) vs 71.4% (restricted) in women living with HIV. To optimize the performance of HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in high‐burden, under‐resourced settings like South Africa, only HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58 could be included to define screen‐positive. We recommend the inclusion of HPV45 for its known link to adenocarcinoma.
Body mass index associated with childhood and adolescent high‐risk B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk: A Children’s Oncology Group report
Authors: Ghosh Taumoha , Richardson Michaela , Gordon Peter M. , Ryder Justin R. , Spector Logan G. , Turcotte Lucie M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity is a risk factor for many adulthood cancers, but its role in childhood, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) cancer is unknown. Childhood and AYA acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) incidence and obesity prevalence have shown concurrent increases. We sought to identify whether obesity may be a risk factor for childhood and AYA ALL.MethodsCharacteristics from individuals with ALL, aged 2‐30 years, diagnosed 2004‐2017 and treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols with available pre‐treatment anthropometric data (N = 4726) were compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey controls (COG AALL17D2). Body mass index (BMI) was defined using standard CDC definitions. Multivariate conditional logistic regression assessed associations between BMI and ALL with additional analyses stratified by sex and race/ethnicity.ResultsAmong cases (72% high‐risk (HR) B‐ALL, 28% T‐ALL), 5% had underweight, 58% normal weight, 17% overweight, and 20% obesity. Underweight (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.56‐2.85) and obesity (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.15‐1.53) were associated with B‐ALL diagnosis. Specifically, obesity was associated with B‐ALL among males (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.30‐1.91) and Hispanic children (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.39‐2.29). Obesity was also associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement.ConclusionPre‐treatment obesity is associated with HR B‐ALL among males and Hispanics, as well as with CNS involvement, suggesting common physiology between obesity and leukemogenesis. An association between underweight and ALL was confirmed, likely due to cancer‐associated wasting. These results have important public health implications for obesity prevention and treatment in children and adolescents to reduce cancer risk.
Recent Advances in Silver‐Catalyzed Transformations of Electronically Unbiased Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Li Meng , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSilver, as one of the most ancient coinage metals, has attracted a plethora of attention from chemists in recent years due to the easy availability, high catalytic efficiency and multiple functions displayed in various chemical processes. In particular, the research in this field has gained a great progress since 2007 and several elegant reviews have been documented in the literature. However, there has been no systematic review concentrating on the transformations of electronically unbiased alkenes and alkynes under silver catalysis till now, though a rapid development in this area is witnessed. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the recent advances in silver‐catalyzed reactions of different electron‐unbiased alkenes and alkynes, covering examples of hydrofunctionalization reactions, difunctionalization reactions, cross‐coupling reactions as well as cyclization reactions since 2015 to February 2020. In addition, some interesting mechanisms were also discussed.
Mechanistic In Situ and Ex Situ Studies of Phase Transformations in Molecular Co‐Crystals
Authors: Clout Alexander E. , Buanz Asma B. M. , Pang Yuying , Tsui Wing‐Mei , Yan Dongpeng , Parkinson Gary , Prior Timothy J. , Bučar Dejan‐Krešimir , Gaisford Simon , Williams Gareth R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCo‐crystallisation is widely explored as a route to improve the physical properties of pharmaceutical active ingredients, but little is known about the fundamental mechanisms of the process. Herein, we apply a hyphenated differential scanning calorimetry—X‐ray diffraction technique to mimic the commercial hot melt extrusion process, and explore the heat‐induced synthesis of a series of new co‐crystals containing isonicotinamide. These comprise a 1:1 co‐crystal with 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, 2:1 and 1:2 systems with 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid and a 1:1 crystal with 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylactic acid. The formation of co‐crystals during heating is complex mechanistically. In addition to co‐crystallisation, conversions between polymorphs of the co‐former starting materials and co‐crystal products are also observed. A subsequent study exploring the use of inkjet printing and milling to generate co‐crystals revealed that the synthetic approach has a major effect on the co‐crystal species and polymorphs produced.
Zinc Imine Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane as a Quattro‐Site Catalyst for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Low‐Pressure CO2
Authors: Janeta Mateusz , Lis Tadeusz , Szafert Sławomir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present research, the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and structural investigations of a unique ZnII complex of imine‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is designed, and hereby described, as a catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. The uncommon features of the designed catalytic system is the elimination of the need for a high pressure of CO2 and the significant shortening of reaction times commonly associated with such difficult transformations like that of styrene oxide to styrene carbonate. Our studies have shown that imine‐POSS is able to chelate metal ions like ZnII to form a unique coordination complex. The silsesquioxane core and the hindrance of the side arms (their steric effect) influence the construction process of the homoleptic Zn4@POSS‐1 complex. The compound was characterized in solution by NMR (1H, 13C, 29Si), ESI‐MS, UV/Vis spectroscopy and in the solid state by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), cross‐polarization magic angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR (13C, 29Si) spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography.
A Buchwald–Hartwig Protocol to Enable Rapid Linker Exploration of Cereblon E3‐Ligase PROTACs**
Authors: Hayhow Thomas G. , Borrows Rachel E. A. , Diène Coura R. , Fairley Gary , Fallan Charlene , Fillery Shaun M. , Scott James S. , Watson David W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA palladium‐catalysed Buchwald–Hartwig amination for lenalidomide‐derived aryl bromides was optimised using high throughput experimentation (HTE). The substrate scope of the optimised conditions was evaluated for a range of alkyl‐ and aryl‐ amines and functionalised aryl bromides. The methodology allows access to new cereblon‐based bifunctional proteolysis targeting chimeras with a reduced step count and improved yields.
Female reproductive state is associated with changes in distinct arginine vasotocin cell types in the preoptic area of Astatotilapia burtoni
Authors: Butler Julie M. , Anselmo Chase M. , Maruska Karen P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNonapeptides play a crucial role in mediating reproduction, aggression, and parental care across taxa. In fishes, arginine vasotocin (AVT) expression is related to social and/or reproductive status in most male fishes studied to date, and is linked to territorial defense, paternal care, and courtship. Despite a plethora of studies examining AVT in male fishes, relatively little is known about how AVT expression varies with female reproductive state or its role in female social behaviors. We used multiple methods for examining the AVT system in female African cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, including immunohistochemistry for AVT, in situ hybridization for avt‐mRNA, and quantitative PCR. Ovulated and mouthbrooding females had similar numbers of parvocellular, magnocellular, and gigantocellular AVT cells in the preoptic area. However, ovulated females had larger magnocellular and gigantocellular cells compared to mouthbrooding females, and gigantocellular AVT cell size correlated with the number of days brooding, such that late‐stage brooding females had larger AVT cells than mid‐stage brooding females. In addition, we found that ventral hypothalamic cells were more prominent in females compared to males, and were larger in mouthbrooding compared to ovulated females, suggesting a role in maternal care. Together, these data indicate that AVT neurons change across the reproductive cycle in female fishes, similar to that seen in males. These data on females complement studies in male A. burtoni, providing a comprehensive picture of the regulation and potential function of different AVT cell types in reproduction and social behaviors in both sexes.
Steroid receptor‐associated and regulated protein is a biomarker in predicting the clinical outcome and treatment response in malignancies
Authors: Naderi Ali 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSteroid receptor‐associated and regulated protein (SRARP) has recently been identified as a novel tumor suppressor in malignancies of multiple tissue origins. SRARP is located on chromosome 1p36.13 and is widely inactivated by deletions and epigenetic silencing in malignancies. Therefore, additional studies are required to explore SRARP as a potential cancer biomarker.AimThis study explores the application of SRARP as a novel biomarker in malignancies of multiple tissue origins using the analysis of large genomic datasets.Methods and resultsA comprehensive genomic analysis of large cancer datasets was carried out to examine the association of SRARP expression and copy‐number with molecular and clinical features in malignancies of multiple tissue origins. This study demonstrated that SRARP under‐expression and copy‐number loss are strongly associated with the loss of other tumor suppressors such as TP53 and NF1 mutations and oncogenic gains, including N‐MYC amplification and ERG rearrangement, suggesting that SRARP inactivation is associated with wider genomic instability in malignancies. Importantly, SRARP under‐expression and copy‐number loss are strong predictors of poor clinical and/or pathological features in breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, gastric, endometrial, cervical, brain, ovarian, bladder, thyroid, and hepatocellular cancers as well as neuroblastoma, uveal melanoma, and acute myeloid leukemia with highly significant odds ratios. Finally, higher SRARP expression and copy‐number predict a better response to several cancer drugs.ConclusionThis study suggests that the SRARP inactivation presents a robust biomarker in predicting molecular and clinicopathological features, and treatment response in malignancies.
Minding the gap: Asymmetric effects of pay dispersion on stakeholder engagement in corporate environmental (Ir)responsibility
Authors: Zhang Ying , Tong Li , Li Ji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHow does pay dispersion affect corporate environmental performance? Building on the tournament effect and equity perspective, we theorize that vertical pay dispersion and horizontal pay dispersion can impinge on corporate environmental performance. We develop the theoretical argument that vertical pay dispersion is negatively related to corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and positively related to corporate environmental irresponsibility (CEIR) due to the tournament competition among executives, and that horizontal pay dispersion is negatively related to CER and positively related to CEIR due to the unjust sense among executives. We then delve into the asymmetric effects of vertical pay dispersion and horizontal pay dispersion on CER and CEIR. We argue that the asymmetric effects result from the difference in social comparison. We find strong empirical support for our predictions. Implications for the development of the literature on pay dispersion and corporate environmental performance are discussed.
Evaluation of Exosome Proteins by on‐Bead Flow Cytometry
Authors: Theodoraki Marie‐Nicole , Hong Chang‐Sook , Donnenberg Vera S. , Donnenberg Albert D. , Whiteside Theresa L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExosomes, recently re‐named “small extracellular vesicles” or “sEV,” are emerging as an intercellular communication system. Quantification of the molecular cargo exosomes carry by on‐bead flow cytometry is needed for defining their role in information transfer and in human disease. Exosomes (sEV) isolated from cell supernatants or plasma of cancer patients by size‐exclusion chromatography were captured by biotinylated antibodies specific for antigens in the exosome cargo (e.g., tetraspanins) and placed on streptavidin‐labeled beads. Detection was performed with pretitered fluorochrome‐labeled antibodies of desired specificity. The data were acquired in a conventional cytometer, and molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF) beads were used to quantify the number of fluorescent molecules bound per bead. Isotype antibody controls were obligatory. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) value of each sample was converted into MESF units, and the separation index (SI), which quantifies separation of stained and isotype control beads, was determined. Various proteins identified by labeled antibodies were quantified on the surface of tumor cell‐derived exosomes. To identify intravesicular cargo, such as cytokines or chemokines, exosomes were lysed with 0.3% Triton‐100, and the proteins in lysates were loaded on aldehyde/sulfate latex beads for flow cytometry. Examples of quantitative surface and/or intravesicular on‐bead flow cytometry for exosomes produced by various cells or present in body fluids of cancer patients are provided. On‐bead flow cytometry standardized for use with conventional cytometers is a useful method for protein detection and quantitation in exosomes isolated from supernatants of cell lines or plasma of patients with cancer. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Momentary associations between positive affect dimensions and dysregulated eating during puberty in a diverse sample of youth with overweight/obesity
Authors: Egbert Amy H. , Haedt‐Matt Alissa , Smith Kathryn E. , Culbert Kristen , Engel Scott , Goldschmidt Andrea B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe link between dysregulated positive affect and binge‐eating behavior in youth with obesity is poorly understood. In addition, it is unclear how putative associations differ across developmental periods of rapid biological and emotional change, such as puberty, and in racial and ethnic minority youth, who are more likely to be overweight but are underrepresented in the literature.MethodThis study used a 2‐week ecological momentary assessment protocol to examine independent and interactive effects of positive affect intensity/instability, and pubertal stage on two components of binge‐eating behavior, loss of control eating (LOCE), and overeating.ResultsParticipants were 38 youth with overweight/obesity (ages 8–14 years; 78% African American/Hispanic). Positive affect instability was calculated using probability of acute change (PAC), representing the likelihood of extreme affective changes, and mean squared successive difference (MSSD), representing the average change in affect over successive recordings. There were no main effects of positive affect intensity on LOCE or overeating, but positive affect instability was negatively associated with overeating severity using both MSSD (p = .005) and PAC metrics (p = .001). However, moderation analyses including interactions with pubertal status revealed more extreme changes in positive affect (i.e., higher PAC) were related to greater overeating (p = .001) and LOCE severity (p = .043) in mid‐late pubertal youth but not in pre‐early pubertal youth.DiscussionPubertal status may influence the association between disruptions in positive affect and dysregulated eating in youth, and positive affect instability may be important to consider in order to understand the emotional correlates of binge eating in youth with overweight/obesity.
Chemical novelty facilitates herbivore resistance and biological invasions in some introduced plant species
Authors: Sedio Brian E. , Devaney John L. , Pullen Jamie , Parker Geoffrey G. , Wright S. Joseph , Parker John D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEcological release from herbivory due to chemical novelty is commonly predicted to facilitate biological invasions by plants, but has not been tested on a community scale. We used metabolomics based on mass spectrometry molecular networks to assess the novelty of foliar secondary chemistry of 15 invasive plant species compared to 46 native species at a site in eastern North America. Locally, invasive species were more chemically distinctive than natives. Among the 15 invasive species, the more chemically distinct were less preferred by insect herbivores and less browsed by deer. Finally, an assessment of invasion frequency in 2,505 forest plots in the Atlantic coastal plain revealed that, regionally, invasive species that were less preferred by insect herbivores, less browsed by white‐tailed deer, and chemically distinct relative to the native plant community occurred more frequently in survey plots. Our results suggest that chemically mediated release from herbivores contributes to many successful invasions.
Identification of candidate loci for adaptive phenotypic plasticity in natural populations of spadefoot toads
Authors: Levis Nicholas A. , Reed Emily M. X. , Pfennig David W. , Burford Reiskind Martha O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity allows organisms to alter their phenotype in direct response to changes in the environment. Despite growing recognition of plasticity's role in ecology and evolution, few studies have probed plasticity's molecular bases—especially using natural populations. We investigated the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity in natural populations of spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata). Spea tadpoles normally develop into an “omnivore” morph that is favored in long‐lasting, low‐density ponds. However, if tadpoles consume freshwater shrimp or other tadpoles, they can alternatively develop (via plasticity) into a “carnivore” morph that is favored in ephemeral, high‐density ponds. By combining natural variation in pond ecology and morph production with population genetic approaches, we identified candidate loci associated with each morph (carnivores vs. omnivores) and loci associated with adaptive phenotypic plasticity (adaptive vs. maladaptive morph choice). Our candidate morph loci mapped to two genes, whereas our candidate plasticity loci mapped to 14 genes. In both cases, the identified genes tended to have functions related to their putative role in spadefoot tadpole biology. Our results thereby form the basis for future studies into the molecular mechanisms that mediate plasticity in spadefoots. More generally, these results illustrate how diverse loci might mediate adaptive plasticity.