bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' and nurses' experiences of fundamental nursing care: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Pentecost Claire , Frost Julia , Sugg Holly V. R. , Hilli Angelique , Goodwin Victoria A. , Richards David A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo systematically identify, appraise and synthesise patients', residents' and nurses' experiences of fundamental nursing care for nutrition, elimination, mobility and hygiene.BackgroundThe evidence base for effective nursing behaviours to assist people with their fundamental care needs is sparse, hampering the development of effective interventions. Synthesising data on patients' and nurses' experiences of fundamentals of nursing care could contribute to the development of such an intervention.MethodsSystematic review and synthesis of qualitative data from qualitative studies on patients' and nurses' experiences of fundamental nursing care behaviours addressing peoples' nutrition, elimination, mobility and hygiene needs. We appraised study quality and relevance and used a narrative approach to data synthesis, fulfilling PRISMA criteria (Appendix S2).ResultsWe identified 22,374 papers, and 47 met our inclusion criteria. Most papers were of low quality. Sixteen papers met our quality and relevance criteria and were included for synthesis. Papers were about nutrition (2) elimination (2), mobility (5), hygiene (5) and multiple care areas (2). We found nurses and patients report that fundamental nursing care practices involve strong leadership, collaborative partnerships with patients and cohesive organisational practices aligned to nursing care objectives and actions.ConclusionsTo improve fundamental care and interventions suitable for testing may require attention to leadership, patient–nurse relationships and organisational coherence plus the fundamentals of care nursing interventions themselves.Relevance to clinical practiceMore rigorous mixed methods research about fundamental nursing care is needed to inform nursing practice and improve patient's experience. Nursing interventions should include effective nurse leadership and nurse–patient collaboration and a focus on fundamental care by the host organisation.
Psychological outcomes of debriefing healthcare providers who experience expected and unexpected patient death in clinical or simulation experiences: A scoping review
Authors: Harder Nicole , Lemoine Jocelyne , Harwood Rae 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo synthesise and map the literature on the psychological outcomes reported following debriefing of healthcare providers who experience expected and unexpected patient death in either clinical practice or simulation setting.BackgroundPatient death occurs in both the clinical and simulation environments and can result in psychological stress in healthcare providers and students. While debriefing following patient death has demonstrated the ability to promote positive psychological outcomes, addressing the psychological or emotional stress of the event is inconsistently addressed.DesignA scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework.MethodThe Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, JBI and Scopus databases were searched with English language constraints and no limit on publication date. The Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) Checklist was used (Annals of Internal Medicine, 2018, 169, 467) (see Appendix S1).ResultsEighteen articles (16 research papers and 2 review papers) met the inclusion criteria. Of the 16 research papers, 9 reported on debriefing models in the simulation environment and 7 in the clinical setting. The types of debriefing models found in the simulation setting tended to focus on healthcare providers' learning, while those in the clinical setting typically focused on healthcare providers' emotional reactions and resulted in positive psychological effects.ConclusionDebriefing has the potential to positively affect psychological outcomes of healthcare providers who experience patient death. The type of debriefing that is selected is a key component to achieving these positive outcomes.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis scoping review identified the debriefing frameworks used in both simulation and clinical environments following patient death events, and any associated psychological outcomes. There is a need for debriefing to occur after each death in either environment; however, there is a lack of evidence‐based debriefing frameworks that can be used in both the clinical and simulation environments to promote positive psychological outcomes.
Anlotinib attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via the TGF-β1 signalling pathway
Authors: Ruan Hao , Lv Ziwei , Liu Shuaishuai , Zhang Liang , Huang Kai , Gao Shaoyan , Gan Wenhua , Liu Xiaowei , Zhang Shanshan , Helian Kaiyue , Li Xiaohe , Zhou Honggang , Yang Cheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Anlotinib hydrochloride (AL3818) is a novel multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has the same targets as nintedanib, an effective drug has been approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we examined whether anlotinib could also attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and explored the antifibrosis mechanism.

Methods
We have evaluated the effect of anlotinib on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Inflammatory cytokines in alveolar lavage fluid including IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured by corresponding kit. Histopathologic examination was analysed by H&E staining and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, we investigated whether anlotinib inhibited TGFβ/Smad3 and non-Smad pathways by luciferase assay or Western blotting. We also evaluated whether anlotinib inhibited TGF-β1-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted myofibroblast apoptosis in order to explore the possible molecular mechanism.

Key findings
The results indicated that anlotinib treatment remarkably attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis in mouse lungs. Anlotinib could inhibit the TGF-β1 signalling pathway. Additionally, anlotinib not only profoundly inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT in alveolar epithelial cells, but also simultaneously reduced the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis in fibroblasts.

Conclusions
In summary, the results suggest that anlotinib-mediated suppression of pulmonary fibrosis is related to the inhibition of TGF-β1 signalling pathway.
Evaluation of the inflammatory response to two intra‐articular hyaluronic acid formulations in normal equine joints
Authors: Johnston Georgina C. A. , Wood Kelly A. , Jackson Karen V. , Perkins Nigel R. , Zedler Steven T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntra‐articular (IA) hyaluronic acid (HA) is commonly used to treat equine arthritis. Inflammatory response or “joint flare” is a recognized potential side effect. However, the incidence and severity of inflammation following IA HA injection in horses is not well documented. This study compared the effects of two IA HA formulations of different molecular weight (MW) and a saline control on clinical signs and synovial fluid markers of inflammation in normal equine joints. Eight adult horses each had three healthy fetlock joints randomly assigned to treatment with either 1.4 mega Dalton HA, 0.8 mega Dalton HA or saline control once weekly for three weeks. Clinical evaluation and synovial fluid analysis were performed by blinded assessors. Outcomes of interest were lameness score, joint effusion score and synovial fluid white cell count and differential, total protein, viscosity and serum amyloid A. Joints injected with HA developed significant mild‐to‐moderate inflammatory responses often associated with lameness and joint effusion compared with saline control joints. The higher MW HA formulation elicited a significantly greater inflammatory response than the lower MW HA after the first injection. In HA injected joints, viscosity remained poor for the entire study. Both IA HA formulations in this study induced an inflammatory response in healthy equine joints. This may have implications for the use of HA in equine joints. The findings in this study are limited to the two HA formulations used. Further investigation of different HA formulations and the use of HA in normal and arthritic equine joints is warranted.
In vivo imaging of hemodynamic redistribution and arteriogenesis across microvascular network
Authors: Sun Naidi , Ning Bo , Bruce Anthony C. , Cao Rui , Seaman Scott A. , Wang Tianxiong , Fritsche‐Danielson Regina , Carlsson Leif G. , Peirce Shayn M. , Hu Song 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveArteriogenesis is an important mechanism that contributes to restoration of oxygen supply in chronically ischemic tissues, but remains incompletely understood due to technical limitations. This study presents a novel approach for comprehensive assessment of the remodeling pattern in a complex microvascular network containing multiple collateral microvessels.MethodsWe have developed a hardware‐software integrated platform for quantitative, longitudinal, and label‐free imaging of network‐wide hemodynamic changes and arteriogenesis at the single‐vessel level. By ligating feeding arteries in the mouse ear, we induced network‐wide hemodynamic redistribution and localized arteriogenesis. The utility of this technology was demonstrated by studying the influence of obesity on microvascular arteriogenesis.ResultsSimultaneously monitoring the remodeling of competing collateral arterioles revealed a new, inverse relationship between initial vascular resistance and extent of arteriogenesis. Obese mice exhibited similar remodeling responses to lean mice through the first week, including diameter increase and flow upregulation in collateral arterioles. However, these gains were subsequently lost in obese mice.ConclusionsCapable of label‐free, comprehensive, and dynamic quantification of structural and functional changes in the microvascular network in vivo, this platform opens up new opportunities to study the mechanisms of microvascular arteriogenesis, its implications in diseases, and approaches to pharmacologically rectify microvascular dysfunction.
Autophagy induction can regulate skin pigmentation by causing melanosome degradation in keratinocytes and melanocytes
Authors: Kim Ji Young , Kim Jihee , Ahn Yuri , Lee Eun Jung , Hwang Shinwon , Almurayshid Abdurrahman , Park Keedon , Chung Hwa‐Jee , Kim Heung Jae , Lee Si‐Hyung , Lee Myung‐Shik , Oh Sang Ho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAutophagy regulates cellular turnover by disassembling unnecessary or dysfunctional constituents. Recent studies demonstrated that autophagy and its regulators play a wide variety of roles in melanocyte biology. Activation of autophagy is known to induce melanogenesis and regulate melanosome biogenesis in melanocytes. Also, autophagy induction was reported to regulate physiologic skin color via melanosome degradation, although the downstream effectors are not yet clarified. To determine the role of autophagy as a melanosome degradation machinery, we administered several autophagy inducers in human keratinocytes and melanocytes. Our results showed that the synthetic autophagy inducer PTPD‐12 stimulated autophagic flux in human melanocytes and in keratinocytes containing transferred melanosomes. Increased autophagic flux led to melanosome degradation without affecting the expression of MITF. Furthermore, the color of cell pellets of both melanocytes and keratinocytes was visibly lightened. Inhibition of autophagic flux by chloroquine resulted in marked attenuation of PTPD‐12‐induced melanosome degradation, whereas the expression of melanogenesis pathway genes and proteins remained unaffected. Taken together, our results suggest that the modulation of autophagy can contribute to the regulation of melanocyte biology and skin pigmentation.
High‐energy visible light at ambient doses and intensities induces oxidative stress of skin—Protective effects of the antioxidant and Nrf2 inducer Licochalcone A in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Mann Tobias , Eggers Kerstin , Rippke Frank , Tesch Mirko , Buerger Anette , Darvin Maxim E. , Schanzer Sabine , Meinke Martina C. , Lademann Jürgen , Kolbe Ludger 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSolar radiation causes skin damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While UV filters effectively reduce UV‐induced ROS, they cannot prevent VIS‐induced (400‐760 nm) oxidative stress. Therefore, potent antioxidants are needed as additives to sunscreen products.MethodsWe investigated VIS‐induced ROS formation and the photoprotective effects of the Nrf2 inducer Licochalcone A (LicA).ResultsVisible spectrum of 400‐500 nm dose‐dependently induced ROS in cultured human fibroblasts at doses equivalent to 1 hour of sunshine on a sunny summer day (150 J/cm2). A pretreatment for 24 hours with 1 µmol/L LicA reduced ROS formation to the level of unirradiated cells while UV filters alone were ineffective, even at SPF50+. In vivo, topical treatment with a LicA‐containing SPF50 + formulation significantly prevented the depletion of intradermal carotenoids by VIS irradiation while SPF50 + control did not protect.ConclusionLicA may be a useful additive antioxidant for sunscreens.
The Feeling of Bodily Ownership
Authors: Bradley Adam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn certain startling neurological and psychiatric conditions, what is ordinarily most intimate and familiar to us—our own body—can feel alien. For instance, in cases of somatoparaphrenia subjects misattribute their body parts to others, while in cases of depersonalization subjects feel estranged from their bodies. These ownership disorders thus appear to consist in a loss of any feeling of bodily ownership, the felt sense we have of our bodies as our own. Against this interpretation of ownership disorders, I defend Sufficiency, the thesis that every experience of bodily awareness suffices for a feeling of bodily ownership. Since Sufficiency conflicts with a face‐value interpretation of these ownership disorders, the burden is on me to explain away the apparent tension. To do so, I identify and correct what I believe to be the fundamental mistake in the extant literature on the feeling of bodily ownership, namely the tendency to treat the notion of a feeling of bodily ownership as a single psychological construct. Instead, I distinguish the feeling of minimal ownership, the first‐personal character of bodily awareness, from the feeling of affective ownership, the distinctive type of felt concern we have for our bodies. I motivate this distinction by raising the disownership puzzle, the fact that subjects suffering from ownership disorders display an ambiguous set of symptoms, arguing the distinction I draw between minimal and affective ownership is just what is required to resolve the puzzle.
The Preconception Period analysis of Risks and Exposures Influencing health and Development (PrePARED) consortium
Authors: Harville Emily W. , Mishra Gita D. , Yeung Edwina , Mumford Sunni L. , Schisterman Enrique F. , Jukic Anne Marie , Hatch Elizabeth E. , Mikkelsen Ellen M. , Jiang Hong , Ehrenthal Deborah B. , Porucznik Christina A. , Stanford Joseph B. , Wen Shi‐Wu , Harvey Alysha , Symons Downs Danielle , Yajnik Chittaranjan , Santillan Donna , Santillan Mark , McElrath Thomas F. , Woo Jessica G. , Urbina Elaine M. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela , Bazzano Lydia , Zhang Jun , Steiner Anne , Gunderson Erica P. , Wise Lauren A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreconception health may have intergenerational influences. We have formed the PrePARED (Preconception Period Analysis of Risks and Exposures influencing health and Development) research consortium to address methodological, conceptual, and generalisability gaps in the literature.ObjectivesThe consortium will investigate the effects of preconception exposures on four sets of outcomes: (1) fertility and miscarriage; (2) pregnancy‐related conditions; (3) perinatal and child health; and (4) adult health outcomes.PopulationA study is eligible if it has data measured for at least one preconception time point, has a minimum of selected core data, and is open to collaboration and data harmonisation.DesignThe included studies are a mix of studies following women or couples intending to conceive, general‐health cohorts that cover the reproductive years, and pregnancy/child cohort studies that have been linked with preconception data. The majority of the participating studies are prospective cohorts, but a few are clinical trials or record linkages.MethodsData analysis will begin with harmonisation of data collected across cohorts. Initial areas of interest include nutrition and obesity; tobacco, marijuana, and other substance use; and cardiovascular risk factors.Preliminary resultsTwenty‐three cohorts with data on almost 200 000 women have combined to form this consortium, begun in 2018. Twelve studies are of women or couples actively planning pregnancy, and six are general‐population cohorts that cover the reproductive years; the remainder have some other design. The primary focus for four was cardiovascular health, eight was fertility, one was environmental exposures, three was child health, and the remainder general women's health. Among other cohorts assessed for inclusion, the most common reason for ineligibility was lack of prospectively collected preconception data.ConclusionsThe consortium will serve as a resource for research in many subject areas related to preconception health, with implications for science, practice, and policy.
Effect of season and superstimulatory treatment on in vivo and in vitro embryo production in wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)
Authors: Palomino Jesus Manuel , Mastromonaco Gabriela F. , Cervantes Miriam P. , Mapletoft Reuben J. , Anzar Muhammad , Adams Gregg P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo experiments were done using a two‐by‐two design to determine the effects of season and superstimulatory protocol on embryo production in wood bison. In Experiment 1 (in vivo‐derived embryos), ovarian superstimulation was induced in female bison during the ovulatory and anovulatory seasons with either two or three doses of FSH given every‐other‐day (FSH × 2 vs. FSH × 3, respectively). Bison were given hCG to induce ovulation, inseminated 12 and 24 hr after hCG, and embryos were collected 8 days after hCG (n = 10 bison/group). In Experiment 2 (in vitro embryo production), ovarian superstimulation was induced in female bison during the ovulatory and anovulatory seasons with two doses of FSH, and in vivo maturation of the cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) was induced with hCG at either 48 or 72 hr after the last dose of FSH. COC were collected 34 hr after hCG, and expanded COC were used for in vitro fertilization and culture. In Experiment 1, the number of follicles ≥9 mm, the proportion of follicles that ovulated, the number of CL, and the total number of ova/embryos collected did not differ between seasons or treatment groups, but the number of transferable embryos was greater (p < .05) in the ovulatory season. In Experiment 2, no differences were detected between seasons or treatment groups for any end point. The number of transferable embryos produced per bison was greatest (p < .05) using in vitro fertilization and was unaffected by season (1.5 ± 0.2 and 1.1 ± 0.3 during anovulatory and ovulatory seasons, respectively), in contrast to in vivo embryo production which was affected by season (0.1 ± 0.01 and 0.7 ± 0.2 during anovulatory and ovulatory seasons, respectively). Results demonstrate that transferable embryos can be produced throughout the year in wood bison by both in vivo and in vitro techniques, but the efficiency of embryo production of in vivo‐derived embryos is significantly lower during the anovulatory season.
‘At some point it has been enough’ ‐ Processes of perceived failure of citizens’ initiatives
Authors: Meerstra‐de Haan Erzsi , Meier Sabine , Bulder Elles , Haartsen Tialda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCitizens’ initiatives are believed to be a suitable alternative approach to service provision, especially in rural areas where services are under pressure because of depopulation and decentralisation measures of the state. To date, research has mainly focused on best practices and successful examples of these initiatives. However, understanding failure is equally important in order to learn more about the processes citizens’ initiatives go through, the chances of success and to develop tools for the support needed. This article focuses on the perception of initiators of citizens’ initiatives on failure. Within the relevant body of literature, six obstacles to the success of citizens’ initiatives stand out. In order to understand the processes of failure in more detail, we investigated three case studies on failed citizens’ initiatives in the Northern Netherlands. The following aspects seem to be of vital importance to whether or not a citizens’ initiative fails: 1) how governments and (semi‐) governmental organisations interact with the citizens’ initiative; 2) how people are able to balance the different needs for senses of ownership and responsibility; and 3) how participants are able to balance personal investments. Finally, the interviewed initiators justify failure as a discrepancy of scale caused by different scopes of actions of local and regional governments and housing corporations at the regional level, and citizens’ initiatives, at the local level. To overcome this discrepancy, citizens’ initiatives require tailor‐made and context‐specific support.