bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index, residual psychotic symptoms, and inflammation associated with brain volume reduction in older patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Tsai Shang‐Ying , Sajatovic Martha , Hsu Jung‐Lung , Chung Kuo‐Hsuan , Chen Pao‐Huan , Huang Yu‐Jui 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveObesity, aging, and pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) may collectively contribute to the gray matter loss in brain regions of SCZ. We attempted to examine the association between volumes of specific brain regions, body mass index (BMI), inflammatory markers, and clinical features in older SCZ patients.MethodClinically stable outpatients with schizophrenia (DSM‐IV) aged ≥50 years were recruited to undergo whole‐brain magnetic resonance imaging. We measured patients' plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor‐1, soluble interleukin (IL)‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R), IL‐1β, and IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra). Clinical data were obtained from medical records and interviewing patients along with their reliable others.ResultsThere were 32 patients with mean age 58.8 years in this study. Multivariate regression analysis found only higher BMI significantly associated with lower volume of total gray matter, bilateral orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortexes, and the right hippocampal and frontal cortexes. Increased intensity of residual symptoms (higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores) was related to lower volumes of frontal lobe, prefrontal cortex, insula, hippocampus, left hemisphere amygdala, and total white matter. The lower volume of left anterior cingulum was associated with older age and higher sIL‐2R plasma level; and higher IL‐1Ra level was associated with greater right anterior cingulate volume. Older age at illness onset was significantly associated with the smaller right insula volume.ConclusionsHigher BMI, more residual symptoms, and inflammatory activity in IL‐2 and IL‐1 systems may play a role in gray matter loss in various brain regions of schizophrenia across the life span.
The developmental trajectory of fronto‐temporoparietal connectivity as a proxy of the default mode network: a longitudinal fNIRS investigation
Authors: Bulgarelli Chiara , de Klerk Carina C. J. M. , Richards John E. , Southgate Victoria , Hamilton Antonia , Blasi Anna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe default mode network (DMN) is a network of brain regions that is activated while we are not engaged in any particular task. While there is a large volume of research documenting functional connectivity within the DMN in adults, knowledge of the development of this network is still limited. There is some evidence for a gradual increase in the functional connections within the DMN during the first 2 years of life, in contrast to other functional resting‐state networks that support primary sensorimotor functions, which are online from very early in life. Previous studies that investigated the development of the DMN acquired data from sleeping infants using fMRI. However, sleep stages are known to affect functional connectivity. In the current longitudinal study, fNIRS was used to measure spontaneous fluctuations in connectivity within fronto‐temporoparietal areas—as a proxy for the DMN—in awake participants every 6 months from 11 months till 36 months. This study validates a method for recording resting‐state data from awake infants, and presents a data analysis pipeline for the investigation of functional connections with infant fNIRS data, which will be beneficial for researchers in this field. A gradual development of fronto‐temporoparietal connectivity was found, supporting the idea that the DMN develops over the first years of life. Functional connectivity reached its maximum peak at about 24 months, which is consistent with previous findings showing that, by 2 years of age, DMN connectivity is similar to that observed in adults.
Targeted Apoptosis of Ductular Reactive Cells Reduces Hepatic Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Cholestasis
Authors: Azad Adiba I. , Krishnan Anuradha , Troop Leia , Li Ying , Katsumi Tomohiro , Pavelko Kevin , Kostallari Enis , Guicciardi Maria Eugenia , Gores Gregory J. 
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims
In cholestatic liver diseases, ductular reactive (DR) cells extend into the hepatic parenchyma and promote inflammation and fibrosis. We have previously observed that multidrug‐resistant 2 (Mdr2−/−
) double knockout (DKO) mice lacking tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptor (Tr−/−
) display a more extensive ductular reaction and hepatic fibrosis compared to Mdr2−/−
mice. This observation suggests that the magnitude of the DR‐cell population may be regulated by apoptosis.

Approach and Results
To examine this concept, we cultured epithelial cell adhesion molecule–positive reactive cholangioids (ERCs) obtained from wild‐type (WT), Tr−/−
, Mdr2−/−
and DKO mice. Single‐cell transcriptomics and immunostaining of both WT and DKO ERCs confirmed their DR‐cell phenotype. Moreover, DKO ERCs displayed a unique translational cluster with expression of chemokines, indicating a reactive state. Incubation with the myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) inhibitor S63845, a proapoptotic BH3‐mimetic therapy, significantly decreased DKO and Mdr2−/−
ERC viability compared to WT. Intravenous administration of S63845 significantly reduced the DR‐cell population and markers of inflammation and liver fibrosis in Mdr2−/−
and DKO mice. Furthermore, DKO mice treated with S63845 displayed a significant decrease in hepatic B lymphocytes compared to untreated mice as assessed by high‐definition mass cytometry by time‐of‐flight. Coculture of bone marrow–derived macrophages with ERCs from DKO mouse livers up‐regulated expression of the B cell–directed chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5. Finally, DR cells were noted to be primed for apoptosis with Bcl‐2 homologous antagonist/killer activation in vitro and in vivo in primary sclerosing cholangitis liver specimens.

Conclusions
DR cells appear to play a key role in recruiting immune cells to the liver to actively create an inflammatory and profibrogenic microenvironment. Pharmacologic targeting of MCL1 in a mouse model of chronic cholestasis reduces DR‐cell and B‐cell populations and hepatic fibrosis.
Influence of magnetic field and thermal radiation on peristaltic motion with double‐diffusive convection in Jeffery nanofluids
Authors: Ganesan Senthamarai , Vasanthakumari Ramanujam 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA theoretical study is conducted to examine the peristaltic pumping with double‐diffusive convection in Jeffery nanofluids through a two‐dimensional infinite asymmetric channel. The flow is examined in a wave casing of orientation that moves pace with the velocity of the wave. The peristaltic wave train on the walls that have different amplitude and phase is chosen to form channel irregularity. Rosseland approximation is noticed in the modeling of the transmission radiation heat transfer and temperatures of the walls are recognized constants. The replica has a great impact in discovering nanofluid dynamic influences on peristaltic motion, in biological vessels as symbolized by transportation of heat in blood flow, food molecules, hormones, novel pharmacodynamics pumps, and engineered gastrointestinal motility enhancement. Peristaltic motion has applications in physiology, such as transport of urine, transport of food bolus through gastrointestinal tract, and transport of blood through small blood vessels. Analytical results have been established for stream function, axial velocity, temperature, and absorption and nanoparticle volume fraction. The effect of the principal hydrodynamic parameters (thermophoresis, Brownian motion, Dufour, and Soret) and Grashof numbers (concentration, thermal, nanoparticle) on peristaltic transport patterns with double‐diffusive convection are deliberated with the support of computational outcomes found. The pictorial investigation is done to investigate the possessions of miscellaneous limitations on flow quantities of curiosity.
Impact of slip effects on unsteady Sisko nanoliquid heat and mass transfer characteristics over stretching sheet filled with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Jyothi Kotike , Sudarsana Reddy Patakota , Suryanarayana Reddy Machi Reddy , Prabhavathi Bathula 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe have presented a comparison between steady and unsteady magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow, heat transfer features of Au–kerosene‐based nanoliquid over a stretching surface by taking variable viscosity, variable thermal conductivity, and slip boundary conditions in this study. Appropriate similarity translations are engaged to reduce nonlinear partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. These equations along with boundary conditions are elucidated numerically by finite‐element technique. Influence of several pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration scatterings, in addition to that, the values of Nusselt number, skin‐friction coefficient, and Sherwood number are scrutinized in detail and the outcomes are exhibited through plots and tables. It is perceived that the values of Nusselt number, skin‐friction coefficient, and Sherwood number intensify in both steady–unsteady cases as the values of volume fraction parameter rise.
Mechanistic understanding of the role separators playing in advanced lithium‐sulfur batteries
Authors: Wei Zhaohuan , Ren Yaqi , Sokolowski Joshua , Zhu Xiaodong , Wu Gang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe lithium‐sulfur battery is considered one of the most promising candidates for portable energy storage devices due to its low cost and high energy density. However, many critical issues, including polysulfide shuttling, self‐discharge, lithium dendritic growth, and thermal hazards need to be addressed before the commercialization of lithium‐sulfur batteries. To this end, tremendous efforts have been made to explore battery configurations and components, such as electrodes, electrolytes, and separators, among which the separator plays an especially critical role in addressing aforementioned issues. Thus, this review analyzes the mechanisms and interactions of these critical issues and summarizes both the function of separators and recent progress made towards remedying such issues. Additionally, promising directions for the development of separators in lithium‐sulfur batteries are proposed.
Divergent thinking and academic performance of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder characteristics in engineering
Authors: Taylor Christa L. , Esmaili Zaghi Arash , Kaufman James C. , Reis Sally M. , Renzulli Joseph S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCreativity is increasingly recognized as an important skill for success in the field of engineering, but most traditional, post‐secondary engineering education programs do not reward creative efforts. Failing to recognize creativity or creative efforts can have particularly negative effects for those students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), who may exhibit enhanced divergent thinking ability yet struggle in the traditional educational environment.Purpose/HypothesisThis study was conducted to investigate how ADHD characteristics, academic aptitude, and one important component of creativity (divergent thinking) contribute to academic performance in engineering programs and how traditional markers of academic performance and ADHD characteristics predict divergent thinking.Design/MethodUndergraduate engineering students (n= 60) completed measures of ADHD symptoms and divergent thinking. Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores and grade point average (GPA) were collected from university records, and hypotheses were tested using a series of multivariate regression models.ResultsVerbal SAT scores were the only positive predictor of overall GPA and engineering GPA. ADHD characteristics did not significantly predict overall GPA but negatively predicted engineering GPA. ADHD characteristics were the only positive predictor of divergent thinking ability.ConclusionsADHD characteristics negatively predict academic performance (i.e., GPA) in engineering programs but are more predictive of divergent thinking ability than traditional markers of academic performance.
New corrosion cast media and its ability for SEM and light microscope investigation
Authors: Tsomaia Keti , Patarashvili Leila , Bebiashvili Irakli , Azmaiparashvili Elza , Kakabadze Manana , Jalabadze Nikoloz , Sareli Marom , Gusev Sergey , Kordzaia Dimitri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSEM of corrosion casts (CC) provides the opportunities to study the vessels and ducts in the phyllogenetic and ontogenetic (age‐related) settings, as well as the pathogenesis, compensation, and sanogenesis in different diseases and experimental models. Along with the refinement of SEM CC, the requirements toward casting media (CM) as nontoxicity, low viscosity, quick polymerization, resistance to corrosion solutions, availability, and so on, gradually has developed. We aimed to adapt the sets widely used in dental practice toward the modern requirements to the CC. The following ratio of the components of Protacryl‐M and Aycryl‐C sets were used for the preparation CM—0.25 g MAYCRYL Powder +0.08 g Benzoyl Peroxide +5.0 ml Protacryl‐M liquid component +0.2 Redont Colour (dye concentrate). The obtained solidifying mass was injected in the blood vessels and biliary ducts of the adult Wistar white rats. The SEM of CC of different organs’ vascular networks, as well as a biliary tract, reveals that offered CM excellently replicates the forms and branching features of studied tubular structures of all sizes and gives the adequate imprinting of their luminal surfaces. Besides, CM may provide the replication of perivascular spaces and give the casts having no analogous in the appropriate literature. The CM prepared by us perfectly reproduces all possibilities of famous rubbers widely used for the casting of different vascular–ductular structures. Besides, it presents the new implications, which should be implemented in the profound research of the connective‐tissue skeleton of different organs.
The gendered pay gap in genetic counseling
Authors: Barnett Chloe , Myers Melanie F. , Spaeth Christine G. , Pilipenko Valentina , Bucheit Leslie A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA gendered pay gap in the genetic counseling profession has been identified in recent years, though reasons for its existence have not been explored in depth. The primary aim of this study was to determine what demographic characteristics and career experiences influence annual salary rates and which of those factors differ between male and female genetic counselors. The secondary aim of this study was to determine whether genetic counselors perceive a pay gap and to identify attitudes toward their salaries. Surveys were sent to the nearly 4,000 genetic counselors who are members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC), and we report results from 355 respondents. A significant interaction was found between gender and position (direct vs. non‐direct patient care). In the best‐fitting multiple regression model, male genetic counselors earned $23,736 more than females in non‐direct patient care roles (p < .001) and $1,552 more than females in direct patient care roles (p < .001). Years of experience, leadership experience score, negotiation attempts, licensure, and certification were all found to be predictors of annual salary. Most female genetic counselors perceived there to be a pay gap and most male genetic counselors did not (p = .01). Results from this study could contribute to changes in employment and compensation practices, as well as impact genetic counselors’ strategies in role‐ and salary‐based conversations.
One‐pot synthesis of novel polysubstituted furopyran derivatives via pseudo seven‐component reaction (6 + 1) of isocyanides with bisarylidene Meldrum's acid containing ether groups
Authors: Moosazadeh Elham , Sheikhhosseini Enayatollah , Ghazanfari Dadkhoda , Soltaninejad Shahla 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a group of polysubstituted furopyran derivatives possessing ether spacer groups were synthesized under good‐to‐exceptional yields via cycloaddition of bisarylidene Meldrum's acid derivatives (1 mmol) with isocyanides (6 mmol) within dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) for 3 to6 hours at room temperature with no assistance from any type of catalysts. The structure of the products was then confirmed by Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 13C‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Moreover, the 5c, 5d, and 5f compounds exhibited favorable pharmaceutical behavior as antibacterial.
HIV programmatic outcomes following implementation of the ‘Treat‐All’ policy in a public sector setting in Eswatini: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kerschberger Bernhard , Schomaker Michael , Jobanputra Kiran , Kabore Serge M , Teck Roger , Mabhena Edwin , Mthethwa‐Hleza Simangele , Rusch Barbara , Ciglenecki Iza , Boulle Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Treat‐All policy – antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation irrespective of CD4 cell criteria – increases access to treatment. Many ART programmes, however, reported increasing attrition and viral failure during treatment expansion, questioning the programmatic feasibility of Treat‐All in resource‐limited settings. We aimed to describe and compare programmatic outcomes between Treat‐All and standard of care (SOC) in the public sectors of Eswatini.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of ≥16‐year‐old HIV‐positive patients initiated on first‐line ART under Treat‐All and SOC in 18 health facilities of the Shiselweni region, from October 2014 to March 2016. SOC followed the CD4 350 and 500 cells/mm3 treatment eligibility thresholds. Kaplan‐Meier estimates were used to describe crude programmatic outcomes. Multivariate flexible parametric survival models were built to assess associations of time from ART initiation with the composite unfavourable outcome of all‐cause attrition and viral failure.ResultsOf the 3170 patients, 1888 (59.6%) initiated ART under Treat‐All at a median CD4 cell count of 329 (IQR 168 to 488) cells/mm3 compared with 292 (IQR 161 to 430) (p < 0.001) under SOC. Although crude programme retention at 36 months tended to be lower under Treat‐All (71%) than SOC (75%) (p = 0.002), it was similar in covariate‐adjusted analysis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.06, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.23). The hazard of viral suppression was higher for Treat‐All (aHR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23), while the hazard of viral failure was comparable (Treat‐All: aHR 0.89, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.49). Among patients with advanced HIV disease (n = 1080), those under Treat‐All (aHR 1.13, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.44) had a similar risk of an composite unfavourable outcome to SOC. Factors increasing the risk of the composite unfavourable outcome under both interventions were aged 16 to 24 years, being unmarried, anaemia, ART initiation on the same day as HIV care enrolment and CD4 ≤ 100 cells/mm3. Under Treat‐All only, the risk of the unfavourable outcome was higher for pregnant women, WHO III/IV clinical stage and elevated creatinine.ConclusionsCompared to SOC, Treat‐All resulted in comparable retention, improved viral suppression and comparable composite outcomes of retention without viral failure.
Prospective assessment of loss to follow‐up: incidence and associated factors in a cohort of HIV‐positive adults in rural Tanzania
Authors: Kalinjuma Aneth V , Glass Tracy R , Weisser Maja , Myeya Selarine J , Kasuga Bryson , Kisung'a Yassin , Sikalengo George , Katende Andrew , Battegay Manuel , Vanobberghen Fiona ,   the KIULARCO Study Group
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionLifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves health outcomes for HIV‐positive individuals, but is jeopardized by irregular clinic attendance and hence poor adherence. Loss to follow‐up (LTFU) is typically defined retrospectively but this may lead to biased inferences. We assessed incidence of and factors associated with LTFU, prospectively and accounting for recurrent LTFU episodes, in the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO) of HIV‐positive persons in rural Tanzania.MethodsWe included adults (≥15 years) enrolled in 2005 to 2016, regardless of ART status, with follow‐up through April 2017. LTFU was defined as >60 days late for a scheduled appointment. Participants could experience multiple LTFU episodes. We performed analyses based on the first (prospective) and last (retrospective) events observed during follow‐up, and accounting for recurrent LTFU episodes. Time to LTFU was estimated using cumulative incidence functions. We assessed factors associated with LTFU using cause‐specific proportional hazards, marginal means/rates, and Prentice, Williams and Peterson models.ResultsAmong 8087 participants (65% female, 60% aged ≥35 years, 42% WHO stage 3/4, and 47% CD4 count <200 cells/mm3), there were 8140 LTFU episodes, after which there were 2483 (31%) returns to care. One‐year LTFU probabilities were 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.40, 0.42) and 0.21 (0.20, 0.22) considering the first and last events respectively. Factors associated with LTFU were broadly consistent across different models: being male, younger age, never married, living far from the clinic, not having an HIV‐positive partner, lower BMI, advanced WHO stage, not having tuberculosis, and shorter time since ART initiation. Associations between LTFU and pregnancy, CD4 count, and enrolment year depended on the analysis approach.ConclusionsLTFU episodes were common and prompt tracing efforts are urgently needed. We identified socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics associated with LTFU that can be used to target tracing efforts and to help inform the design of appropriate interventions. Incidence of and risk factors for LTFU differed based on the LTFU definition applied, highlighting the importance of appropriately accounting for recurrent LTFU episodes. We recommend using a prospective definition of LTFU combined with recurrent event analyses in cohorts where repeated interruptions in care are common.