bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the potential of biomass, carbon storage, and carbon sink of forest cloves
Authors: Hariyadi  , Mahulette A S , Yahya S , Wachjar A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Forest clove (Syzygiumaromaticum (L.) Merr& Perry) is a tree-shaped species that has been widely cultivated by farmers in its distribution area in Maluku. It grows relatively fast with large morphological sizes, giving it the potential of being a carbon sink plant. So far, information on the potential of biomass, carbon deposits, and carbon uptake of forest cloves is still limited. This study was aimed to determine the biomass potential, carbon deposits, and carbon uptake of forest cloves. It was carried out in the distribution area of Leihitu Subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency, from January to February 2019. The method used was a non- destructive one with a plot size of 20 x 20 m, chosen through purposive sampling and referring to carbon measurement standards, namely SNI: 7724 - 2011. Measurements were made on individual forest cloves and clove cropping systems. As a comparison, other land-use systems were used in the form of nutmeg gardens and mixed gardens. The study revealed a relationship pattern between the age of individual forest clove with biomass, carbon storage, and carbon uptake which were mathematically described as follows:y(biomass) = 0.7707(age)
2 - 2.3947(age); y (carbon storage)= 0.3622(age)
2 - 1.1255(age); y(carbon uptake) = 1.3294(age)
2 - 4.1306(age). The results showed that biomass in the 15-year-old forest clove cropping system averaged 73.67 tons ha−1 with carbon deposits of 34.63 tons ha−1, and carbon absorption of 127.08 tons ha−1. Those results were slightly higher than those in the nutmeg cropping system, but lower compared to those of the mixed garden systems. The 15-year-old nutmeg cropping system had an average biomass of 44.30 tons ha−1 with carbon deposits of 20.82 tons ha−1, and carbon absorption of 76.41 tons ha−1. Meanwhile, the 15-year-old mixed garden system had a biomass of 259.59 tons ha−1, with carbon deposits of 122.01 tons ha−1, and carbon absorption of 447.77 tons ha−1.
Chemical Plant in the Downtown: Study of Ammonia Release Causative Factor and Its Negative Impact towards Workers and Communities at XYZ Fertilizer Factory
Authors: Pratiwi D M , Utomo S W , Sudarna  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ammonia gas exposure to the environment that mainly caused by certain factors has the potential to bring negative impacts, particularly to workers and the community in terms of health issues. This study aims to analyse the factors that cause ammonia gas release and its negative effects on the workers and the community that lives near the factory. This study will use Hazard Identification Methods i.e Likelihood and severity scale to strengthened that findings in field observation, key informant interviews, and questionnaire. Based on the study, it was found that certain conditions that often caused ammonia gas release are located in ammonia storage tanks, cooling water reservoirs, and pumps and valves with an incidence rate of at least once per day. Meanwhile, certain conditions such as clogging, negligence, maintenance, and start-ups are scarce where the incidence rate is once in a year or even more. The impacts of ammonia occur in humans through inhalation and directly cause irritation, and respiratory problems that differ in each depends on the exposure duration and concentration level.
Survey of arsenic contamination in white rice in Aceh
Authors: Hanum F , Sudiarto D , Zakiah N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
White rice as the major staple food for Indonesian people has the opportunity to be contaminated with chemical hazards. Research in the USA shows that arsenic is contained in rice. The arsenic emissions of 75% are estimated to originate from human activities, most of which are mining, fertilizers and pesticides. This study aims to determine qualitatively arsenic contamination of white rice consumed by Acehnese people and how to cook it. A total of 30 white rice samples were obtained from the Aceh Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health employees who brought white rice for breakfast with the consideration that they come from various regions in Aceh. Arsenic analysis contamination in samples was carried out using arsenic test kits (brand: merckoquant). Using a test kit begins with standardization before being applied to the sample solution. Data collected is primary data, in the form of interviews using questionnaires about white rice cooking techniques and the results of analysis of arsenic contamination on white rice. The results showed that white rice consumed by the employees was safe from arsenic. This result confirms that the rice cooking technique in a household is feasible. Besides that the arsenic test was also carried out on white rice sold in stalls, the results were positive. This indicates that white rice is consumed by people in Aceh, there are those which are contaminated with arsenic. This study provides evidence that the contamination is still present in rice which has been processed into rice cooked, as a result of qualitative tests on white rice obtained from stalls. Arsenic contamination is not found in white rice processed in Aceh household.
Inventory study of plants collection in the Medicinal Thematic Garden, Cibodas Botanic Gardens
Authors: Nikmatullah M , Junaedi D I , Witono J R , Hendrian R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCBG’s plant collection managed and displayed in the garden based on the taxonomic classification system and thematic system. Plant collection that managed as a thematic system displayed and managed as a thematic garden. The aim of this study is to conduct an inventory study of CBG medicinal thematic garden collections and to do a literature study about the potential medicinal use of plant collection in CBG medicinal thematic gardens. Data collected through surveyed, checked and validated in the information system of CBG plants data collection from CBG Registration Unit. Recorded medicinal use of surveyed plant collection was identified by the literature study. Data were analyzed descriptively. The result of the study showed that there were 26 species from 23 genera and 22 families of medicinal plant species in CBG medicinal thematic garden. Based on ICD-10-WHO, CBG medicinal plant collections can treat 14 ICD-10-WHO diseases. From these 14 diseases, eight diseases can be treated by five CBG medicinal plant collections. These species were utilized as a medicinal plant by using part of the plant (root, leaves, bark, flowers, fruit, seeds, sap) or the whole plant through pounded or boiled processing, and mixed it with other ingredients.
Economic valuation of critical land
Authors: Pratiwi S R , Purnomo E , Usman S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purposes of this research are to analyze and to identify the factors influencing the farmers’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) in reducing the impact of the critical land. The research method used to calculate the farmers’ WTP on the land restoration is the Willingness to Pay (WTP) Method, and The Ordinal Logistic Regression Method is used to analyze WTP’s influencing factors. The result showed that the farmers’ average of maximum WTP was IDR 21,196. This means that the farmers’ average of maximum WTP is lower than the average cost incurred by the farmers for the land restoration activity that was IDR 58,000. This indicated the low of farmers’ awareness in the efforts of doing critical land restoration. The independent variable with significant influence is the OWN (status of the land ownership) variable. The other variables that are positive and significant are income, age, education, long stay, and family numbers. The significant variables with negative impact are marital status, occupation, and land restoration activity. In general, farmers thought that the activities of repairing the degraded land were the role of the government. So that the efforts of farmers in recovering land are almost non-existent.
Business judgment rule application in company: a comparison based on the case in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Sudarna  , Najwan J , Muskibah  , Pratiwi  , Pratiwi D M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article aims to analyze and compares the business decision in the value of justice in any case of the company losses according to the company law in Indonesia and Malaysia. Narrative review based on the study cases was used to make a comparison and conclusion regarding the problem. Based on several cases in Indonesian and Malaysian court regarding the director and non-director officer’s decision that leads to company loss, it has been proven that Indonesia did not implement the protection for the directors even the decision is proven for the sake of the company. This makes the directors and officers became hesitant due to the fear of not having protection against the lawsuit should their decision causing deprivation for the company. Meanwhile, in Malaysia, the court has full protection for the director should their decision were proven for the sake of saving the company. Thus, it can be concluded that Indonesia has not fully implemented the business judgment rule compared to Malaysia.
Facile synthesis of zero valent iron and photocatalytic application for the degradation of dyes
Authors: Bhatti Haq N , Iram Zunaira , Iqbal Munawar , Nisar Jan , Khan M I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present investigation, Zero valent iron (ZVI) was synthesized using ferrous sulfate and borohydrate in the presence of EDTA and characterized by x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The prepared ZVI catalytic activity was evaluated by degrading Acid Red 1 (AR1) and Acid Green 25 (AG25) dyes. The process variables such as pH, initial dye concentration, ZVI dose, contact time, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and temperature were optimized for maximum dye degradation. AG25 removal was 98% at pH 4, ZVI dose 0.2 g l−1, initial dye concentration 50 mg l−1, 90 min reaction time and 8 mM H2O2 concentration, whereas pH 2, ZVI dose 0.1 g l−1, 50 mg l−1 initial dye concentration, 8 mM H2O2 and 90 min were found to be optimum for AR1 maximum degradation of 91.60%. Behnajady–Modirshahla–Ghanbery kinetic model and thermodynamic study revealed the spontaneity and endothermic nature of the process. Results revealed that ZVI has potential to degrade the dyes and could possibly be used for the degradation of dyes in wastewater.
ZnO for performance enhancement of surface plasmon resonance biosensor: a review
Authors: Mei Gan Siew , Menon P Susthitha , Hegde Gurumurthy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper reviews Kretschmann-based SPR sensor utilizing ZnO thin films and nanostructures for performance enhancement. The advancement in surface plasmon resonance technology relies on low-cost, high sensitivity and high selectivity sensor. Metal oxide has been incorporated in SPR sensor to be used for detection of biological and chemical compounds. ZnO as one of the metal oxides is an attractive material due to its unique physical and optical properties. Numerous techniques for fabrication and characterization of ZnO on SPR gold substrate have been studied. The mechanism for gas and biomolecules detection depends on their interaction with ZnO surface, which is mainly attributed to the high isoelectric point of ZnO. There are several types of ZnO nanostructures which have been employed for SPR application based on the Kretschmann configuration. In future, the thin film and nanostructures of ZnO have potential applications for miniature design, robust, high sensitivity, and low-cost portable type of SPR biosensor to be used for on-site testing in real-time and label-free manner.
Enhanced thermal diffusivity of water in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles: a laser induced thermal lens measurement
Authors: Kumar Lekshmi P , George Nibu A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are prepared using co-precipitation method and its thermal diffusivity as a function of concentration in distilled water is measured using laser induced thermal lens technique. The morphology, distribution and particle size are determined using SEM measurements. The elemental composition and optical properties of the sample are obtained from EDAX and UV–visible absorption spectra. It is found that the thermal diffusivity of the nanoparticle solution is larger than that of pure water at low concentrations but it is decreasing with increase in concentration of the nanoparticles. Variation of electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility of the same sample are also studied.
High cycle fatigue behavior of a dissimilar metal welded joint in ultra-supercritical steam turbine rotor
Authors: Wang Wen-Ke , Xu Zhen-Zhen , Zhu Bo , Zhang Xiao-Fan , Zhong Jie , Zhang Jian-Xun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The high cycle fatigue (HCF) property and microstructure of a dissimilar metal welded joint (DMWJ) for ultra-supercritical steam turbine rotor were systematically investigated in this paper. The DMWJ was fabricated using narrow gap submerged arc welding (NG-SAW) technique with buttering layer. Conditional fatigue strength of 30Cr1Mo1V (BM-1), buttering layer (BL), weld metal (WM) and 30Cr2Ni4MoV (BM-2) based on S-N curve was obtained by HCF tests at room temperature. The microstructure and second-phase carbide as well as fracture appearance of BM-1, BL, WM and BM-2 were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the BL has lower fatigue strength, which are related to more content of the soft ferrite and less content of the hard carbide. The acicular ferrite represents better fatigue properties than massive ferrite due to barrier effect. Additionally, dislocation density sharply increases near the carbides, grain boundaries, and lath structures resulting in dislocation tangle after HCF test, which helps to improve the fatigue strength of the welded joint. The carbide precipitated, aggregated, and grown in the grain boundaries promoted crack nucleation, reduced the crack propagation rate and affected the crack propagation path.
PARP inhibitor-induced torsades de pointes in long QT syndrome: a case report
Authors: Segan Louise , Beekman Ashley , Parfrey Shane , Perrin Mark 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors target pathogenic BRCA mutations in chemotherapy-resistant malignancies. PARP inhibitors cause modest dose-dependent QT prolongation in the setting of a normal baseline QT interval.

Case summary
We describe a case of PARP inhibitor-induced torsades de pointes (TdP) in an 86-year-old gentleman prescribed rucaparib due to chemotherapy-resistant, metastatic prostate cancer with pre-existing long QT, with an apparent dose-dependent increase in QT interval. The patient presented with syncope and recurrent TdP requiring direct cardioversion reversion (200 J biphasic) and an isoprenaline infusion (2 μg/min). There were no other QT prolonging agents and no electrolyte or metabolic disturbance to account for this arrhythmia. Improvement in QT interval was observed within 72 h of rucaparib cessation.

Discussion
PARP inhibitors cause a modest, dose-dependent increase in QT interval in patients with a normal baseline. The safety of PARP inhibitors in patients with pre-existing long QT has not been evaluated. This is the first reported case of rucaparib-associated TdP in a patient with pre-existing long QT, highlighting the amplified effect of this agent in individuals with pre-existing QT prolongation and the risk of fatal arrhythmias.
Gastrointestinal bleeding and the risk of colorectal cancer in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Rasmussen Peter Vibe , Dalgaard Frederik , Gislason Gunnar Hilmar , Brandes Axel , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Dybro Lars , Harboe Louise , Münster Anna-Marie Bloch , Pedersen Lasse , Blanche Paul , Pallisgaard Jannik Langtved , Hansen Morten Lock 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI-bleeding) is frequent in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy. We sought to investigate to what extent lower GI-bleeding represents the unmasking of an occult colorectal cancer.

Methods and results
A total of 125 418 Danish AF patients initiating OAC therapy were identified using Danish administrative registers. Non-parametric estimation and semi-parametric absolute risk regression were used to estimate the absolute risks of colorectal cancer in patients with and without lower GI-bleeding. During a maximum of 3 years of follow-up, we identified 2576 patients with lower GI-bleeding of whom 140 patients were subsequently diagnosed with colorectal cancer within the first year of lower GI-bleeding. In all age groups, we observed high risks of colorectal cancer after lower GI-bleeding. The absolute 1-year risk ranged from 3.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–6.2] to 8.1% (95% CI 6.1–10.6) in the age groups ≤65 and 76–80 years of age, respectively. When comparing patients with and without lower GI-bleeding, we found increased risk ratios of colorectal cancer across all age groups with a risk ratio of 24.2 (95% CI 14.5–40.4) and 12.3 (95% CI 7.9–19.0) for the youngest and oldest age group of ≤65 and &gt;85 years, respectively.

Conclusion
In anticoagulated AF patients, lower GI-bleeding conferred high absolute risks of incident colorectal cancer. Lower GI-bleeding should not be dismissed as a benign consequence of OAC therapy but always examined for a potential underlying malignant cause.
Producing an effective care plan in advanced heart failure
Authors: Hill Loreena 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An effective discharge plan is associated with better outcomes in advanced heart failure (HF) patients. Furthermore, a patient-centred care planning can improve patients’ satisfaction, quality of life, and enhance self-care. Telemedicine may allow optimized monitoring of advanced HF patients. Nevertheless, its implementation into clinical practice across European countries is still limited. This document reflects the key points discussed concerning effective management plans in advanced HF by a panel of experts during a Heart Failure Association meeting on physiological monitoring of the complex multimorbid HF patient.
Monitoring for sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure
Authors: Coats Andrew J Stewart 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is extremely common in heart failure (HF) and it carries with it adverse symptoms and impaired survival. Sleep-disordered breathing has two main types; obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and central sleep apnoea (CSA), which can overlap. The differentiation between CSA and OSA is important and is recommended in recent HF guidelines, by recommending a formal sleep study. The reason is that for OSA the main therapy is a positive pressure airway mask, whereas for patients with HFrEF and CSA this mask therapy actually increases cardiovascular mortality, and therefore alternative therapies are required, such as implantable phrenic nerve stimulation to improve sleep and related daytime symptoms attributable to the CSA. This article discusses the detection, screening, and monitoring of SDB in HF patients.
Implantable devices for heart failure monitoring: the CardioMEMS™ system
Authors: Volterrani Maurizio , Spoletini Ilaria , Angermann Christiane , Rosano Giuseppe , Coats Andrew Js 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Several devices have been developed for heart failure (HF) treatment and monitoring. Among device-based monitoring tools, CardioMEMS™ has received growing research attention. This document reflects the key points of an ESC consensus meeting on implantable devices for monitoring in HF, with a particular focus on CardioMEMS™.
Remote monitoring and telemedicine
Authors: Volterrani Maurizio , Sposato Barbara 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Telemedicine and remote monitoring represent more than the communication of health data via a ‘remote connection’. Modern systems can be stand-alone and can be equipped with the ability to acquire and summarize data in order to inform the patient, carer or health care giver. The information can be held locally or be shared with a health care centre. Contemporary telemedicine and telemonitoring solutions have shifted their focus, trying to work on a system which is ubiquitous, efficient and sustainable. Along with devices that collect and elaborate data, a new generation of plug and play sensors has also come to life, which with standardization can lower management costs and make introduction into practice more feasible. Multiple trials (TIM-HF, TEN-HMS and BEAT.HF) have reported varying outcomes, depending on the monitoring system and the background health care process. A special mention is necessary for home tele-rehabilitation programmes for patients with heart failure. Despite the progress obstacles remain, including adequate training, data ownership and handling and applicability to larger populations. This article will review contemporary advances in this area.
Estimating a cost-effectiveness threshold for health care decision-making in South Africa
Authors: Edoka Ijeoma P , Stacey Nicholas K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCost-effectiveness thresholds are important decision rules that determine whether health interventions represent good value for money. In low- and middle-income countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) one to three times per capita gross domestic product (GDP) per disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted has been the most widely used threshold for informing resource allocation decisions. However, in 2016, the WHO withdrew recommendations for using this threshold, creating a significant vacuum in South Africa and many countries that rely on results of cost-effectiveness analyses for making resource allocation decisions. This study estimates a cost-effectiveness threshold that reflects the health opportunity cost of health spending in South Africa using a three-step approach. First, marginal returns to health spending was estimated as health spending elasticity for crude death rates using a fixed effect estimation approach. Second, the opportunity cost of health spending was estimated as DALYs averted. Finally, a cost per DALY averted threshold was estimated as the inverse of the marginal product of health spending. We show that 1% of total health spending in 2015 (equivalent to approximately ZAR 1.54 billion/USD 120.7 million) averted 1050 deaths, 34 180 years of life lost, 5880 years lived with disability and 40 055 DALYs. The cost-effectiveness threshold was estimated at approximately ZAR 38 500 (USD 3015) per DALY averted, ∼53% of South Africa’s per capita GDP in 2015 (ZAR 72 700/USD 5700) and lower than the previously recommended one to three times per capita GDP. As South Africa moves towards implementing universal health coverage reforms through National Health Insurance by 2025, the adoption of a threshold that reflects health opportunity costs will be crucial for ensuring efficiency in the allocation of scarce resources. This study provides useful insight into the magnitude of the health opportunity cost of health spending in South Africa and highlights the need for further research.
The meaning of Hendon: the Royal Air Force Display, aerial theatre and the technological sublime, 1920–37*
Authors: Holman Brett 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The annual Royal Air Force Display at Hendon was a hugely popular form of aerial theatre, with attendance peaking at 195,000. Most discussions of Hendon have understood it as ‘a manifestation of popular imperialism’, focusing on the climactic set-pieces which portrayed the bombing of a Middle Eastern village or desert fortress. However, scenarios of this kind were a small minority of Hendon’s set-pieces: most depicted warfare against other industrialized states. Hendon should rather be seen as an attempt to persuade spectators that future wars could be won through the use of airpower rather than large armies or expensive navies.