bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost‐effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and lifestyle intervention in the treatment of obesity
Authors: Lee Minyi , Lauren Brianna N. , Zhan Tiannan , Choi Jin , Klebanoff Matthew , Abu Dayyeh Barham , Taveras Elsie M. , Corey Kathleen , Kaplan Lee , Hur Chin 
Published: November 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe Food and Drug Administration has approved several pharmacotherapies for the treatment of obesity. This study assesses the cost‐effectiveness of six pharmacotherapies and lifestyle intervention for people with mild obesity (body mass indices [BMIs] 30 to 35).MethodsA microsimulation model was constructed to compare seven weight loss strategies plus no treatment: intensive lifestyle intervention, orlistat, phentermine, phentermine/topiramate, lorcaserin, liraglutide, and semaglutide. Weight loss, quality‐of‐life scores, and costs were estimated using clinical trials and other published literature. Endpoints included costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs) with a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold of $100 000/QALY. Results were analysed at 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year time horizons.ResultsAt each of the three follow‐up periods, phentermine was the cost‐effective strategy, with ICERs of $46 258/QALY, $20 157/QALY, and $17 880/QALY after 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Semaglutide was the most effective strategy in the 3‐ and 5‐year time horizons, with total QALYs of 2.224 and 3.711, respectively. However, the ICERs were prohibitively high at $1 437 340/QALY after 3 years and $576 931/QALY after 5 years. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses indicated these results were robust.ConclusionsPhentermine is the cost‐effective pharmacologic weight‐loss strategy. Although semaglutide is the most effective, it is not cost‐effective because of its high price.
Real‐time ex vivo perfusion of human lymph nodes invaded by cancer (REPLICANT): a feasibility study
Authors: Barrow‐McGee Rachel , Procter Julia , Owen Julie , Woodman Natalie , Lombardelli Cristina , Kothari Ashutosh , Kovacs Tibor , Douek Michael , George Simi , Barry Peter A , Ramsey Kelvin , Gibson Amy , Buus Richard , Holgersen Erle , Natrajan Rachael , Haider Syed , Shattock Michael J , Gillett Cheryl , Tutt Andrew NJ , Pinder Sarah E , Naidoo Kalnisha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how breast cancer (BC) grows in axillary lymph nodes (ALNs), and refining how therapies might halt that process, is clinically important. However, modelling the complex ALN microenvironment is difficult, and no human models exist at present. We harvested ALNs from ten BC patients, and perfused them at 37 °C ex vivo for up to 24 h. Controlled autologous testing showed that ALNs remain viable after 24 h of ex vivo perfusion: haematoxylin and eosin‐stained histological appearance and proliferation (by Ki67 immunohistochemistry) did not change significantly over time for any perfused ALN compared with a control from time‐point zero. Furthermore, targeted gene expression analysis (NanoString PanCancer IO360 panel) showed that only 21/750 genes were differentially expressed between control and perfused ALNs (|log2 FC| > 1 and q < 0.1): none were involved in apoptosis and metabolism, but rather all 21 genes were involved in immune function and angiogenesis. During perfusion, tissue acid–base balance remained stable. Interestingly, the flow rate increased (p < 0.001) in cancer‐replaced (i.e. metastasis occupied more than 90% of the surface area on multiple levels) compared to cancer‐free nodes (i.e. nodes with no metastasis on multiple sections). CXCL11 transcripts were significantly more abundant in cancer‐replaced nodes, while CXCL12 transcripts were significantly more abundant in cancer‐free nodes. These cytokines were also detected in the circulating perfusate. Monoclonal antibodies (nivolumab and trastuzumab) were administered into a further three ALNs to confirm perfusion efficacy. These drugs saturated the nodes; nivolumab even induced cancer cell death. Normothermic ALN perfusion is not only feasible but sustains the tumour microenvironment ex vivo for scientific investigation. This model could facilitate the identification of actionable immuno‐oncology targets. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Fabrication and electrochemical properties of flexible transparent supercapacitor electrode materials based on cellulose nanofibrils and reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Wu Bo , He Wen , Lu Mengting , Li Ze , Qiang Han 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this research, flexible transparent supercapacitor electrode materials were fabricated using cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) via a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) self‐assembly method. First, a transparent film was obtained by vacuum filtration of a CNF suspension, which was isolated from bamboo materials using a combination of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl radical catalytic oxidation and ultrasonic treatment. Subsequently, graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on the surface of the CNF film using Cu2+ as a cross‐linking agent via the LbL self‐assembly technique and then was reduced by L‐ascorbic acid under mild reaction conditions. The degree of reduction of the GO on the CNF film surface was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR); concurrently, the effect of the number of self‐assembly times on the transparency, mechanical properties, and conductivity was also evaluated. The XPS, Raman, and FT‐IR spectral analyses proved that the CNFs/GO composite films were successfully reduced to CNFs/RGO composite films, of which the transparency and mechanical properties decreased with the increase in the number of self‐assembly times, while the conductivity remarkably raised. Based on the analysis of the results, the CNFs/RGO composite film obtained after 18 self‐assembly cycles exhibited excellent transparency, good tensile strength, and a high conductivity. Therefore, the CNFs/RGO composite film was selected to fabricate a supercapacitor electrode material, and the obtained supercapacitor displayed excellent electrochemical properties, in which the areal specific capacitance was 2.25 mF cm−2 at a current density of 0.01 mA cm−2 and the capacitance retention reached 97.3% after 1500 cycles. The presented strategy provides a good reference for the development of transparent and portable energy storage devices.
A study of sustainable practices in the sustainability leadership of international contractors
Authors: Tan Yongtao , Shuai Chenyang , Shen Liyin , Hou Lei , Zhang Guomin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith an increasing global need for sustainable development, numerous world‐leading construction corporations have devoted significant efforts to implementing sustainable practices. However, few previous studies have shared these valuable experiences in a systematic and quantitative way. RobecoSAM has published The Sustainability Yearbook annually since 2004, which lists the sustainability leaders in various industries, including the construction industry. Learning from those sustainability leaders in the construction industry can provide useful references for construction‐related companies when developing their sustainable development strategies. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper identified 51 methods used for improving sustainability performance and 34 outcomes achieved via these methods. These methods and outcomes are used for coding the sustainable practices of sustainability leaders in the construction sector. Using the coding system, 133 annual sustainability reports issued by 22 sustainability leaders (The Sustainability Yearbook, RobecoSAM 2010–2016) in the construction sector were analyzed using content analysis. Social network analysis was then employed to identify the key adopted methods and achieved outcomes (KAMAO) of these leaders. The dynamic trend and regional analysis of KAMAO are also presented. These KAMAO findings provide valuable guidance for international contractors to develop a better understanding of the primary sustainable methods adopted by sustainability leaders in the construction sector and the top outcomes achieved by these leaders. The findings also provide a useful reference for international contractors to evaluate their current sustainability‐related strategies and make improvements.
The impact of work stress on sexual minority employees: Could psychological flexibility be a helpful solution?
Authors: Singh Rajinder Sonia , O'Brien William H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the workplace, people who identify as sexual minorities experience elevated levels of incivility, discrimination, and a general lack of protection from unfair workplace practices. These difficulties can then lead to adverse physical, psychological, and social outcomes. Internalized homonegativity may contribute to these negative outcomes as well. Psychological flexibility has been associated with improved psychological and physical health. The current study is a cross‐sectional assessment of adults who identify as sexual minorities (n = 312) examining the relation among work stress, well‐being, psychological flexibility, and internalized homonegativity. It was hypothesized that greater work stress would be related to lower well‐being, lower psychological flexibility, and higher internalized homonegativity. Further, it was hypothesized that internalized homonegativity and psychological flexibility would mediate the relation between work stress and well‐being. Results indicated that psychological flexibility was a significant mediator between work stress and well‐being, but internalized homonegativity was not. This suggests that psychological flexibility could be a useful tool for sexual minorities to respond effectively in difficult workplace situations.
Boston Ivy Disk‐Inspired Pressure‐Mediated Adhesive Film Patches
Authors: Lee Chaemyeong , Choi Song‐Ee , Kim Jin Woong , Lee Sang‐Yup 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBoston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) climbs brick walls using its tendril disks, which excrete a sticky substance to perform binding and attachment. While the cellular structures and adhesive substances involved have been identified for decades, their practical applicability as an adhesive has not yet been demonstrated. A Boston ivy disk‐inspired adhesive film patch system is reported in which structural and compositional features of the Boston ivy disk are mimicked with a form of thin adhesive film patches. In analogy to the sticky disk of a mature ivy in which porous microchannels are occupied by catechol‐containing microgranules on the bound site, 3,4‐dihydroxylphenylalanine bolaamphiphile nanoparticle (DOPA‐C7 NP)‐coated alginate microgels are two‐dimensionally positioned into the cylindrical holes that are periodically micropatterned on the flexible stencil film. Finally, it is demonstrated that the pressurization of the patch breaks the microgels filled in the holes, releasing the polysaccharides and leading to crosslinking with DOPA‐C7 NPs via ligandation with combined Ca2+ and Fe3+ ions, thus enabling development of a pressure‐mediated adhesion technology.
Surface Engineering of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Enhanced Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Li Yixuan , Zhao Sheng , Li Sirong , Ge Yuxiang , Wang Rongliang , Zheng Liming , Xu Jiankun , Sun Minghui , Jiang Qing , Zhang Yifeng , Wei Hui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) alloys have been promised for biomedical implants in orthopedic field, however, the fast corrosion rate and mode challenge their clinical application. To push Mg alloys materials into practice, a composite coating with biodegradable and high compatible components to improve anticorrosion property of an Mg alloy (i.e., AZ31) is designed and fabricated. The inner layer is micro‐nano structured Mg(OH)2 through hydrothermal treatment. Then stearic acid (SA) is introduced to modify Mg(OH)2 for better reducing the gap below a surface‐degradation polymer layer of poly(1,3‐trimethylene carbonate). Benefited by the SA modification effect, this sandwiched coating avoids corrosive medium penetration via enhancing the adhesion strength at the interface between outer and inner layers. Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicate that the composite coating modified AZ31 perform a better anticorrosion behavior and biocompatibility compared to bare AZ31. Strikingly, a 1.7‐fold improvement in volume of newly formed bone is observed surrounding the composite coating modified implant after 12 week implantation. The sandwiched biocompatible coating strategy paves a hopeful way for future translational application of Mg alloys orthopedic materials in clinics.
Unsupervised software repositories mining and its application to code search
Authors: Hu Gang , Peng Min , Zhang Yihan , Xie Qianqian , Gao Wang , Yuan Mengting 
Published: November 2019

SummarySoftware repositories are crucial resources for many software tasks, including code retrieval and annotation. Programming forums provide questions and answers (Q&A) from software developers, containing abundant code‐description posts for exchanging knowledge about programming issues. However, most posts provide personal opinions of users that are often not adequately confirmed or outdated. Mining software repositories in such open and unrestricted forums is challenging. Since the posts can be arbitrary and noisy, it is difficult to get unified labels for supervised noise elimination. Different from existing mining approaches, this paper proposes Code‐Description Mining Framework (CodeMF), an unsupervised framework to eliminate noisy posts and extract high quality software repositories from programming forums. CodeMF treats all social features of the posts as discrete‐time signals for kernel principal component analysis and further performs wavelet transform feature fusion to find the delicate changes (noises in temporal signals). We conduct comprehensive experiments on StackOverflow. Experimental results demonstrate that CodeMF can effectively reduce running time and improve precision via mining high‐quality software repositories for various programming languages, especially for the large‐scale codebases. To further illustrate the effect of CodeMF applied in software tasks, we introduce it to improve the performance of query‐expansion code search. Meanwhile, for SQL and C# programs, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art query‐expansion method QECK, the improvement of QECKCodeMFis 2% and 6% on Recall@10, and 4% and 14% on mean reciprocal rank, respectively.
A new tip correction for actuator line computations
Authors: Dağ Kaya Onur , Sørensen Jens Nørkær 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe actuator line method (ALM) is today widely used to represent wind turbine loadings in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As opposed to resolving the whole blade geometry, the methodology does not require geometry‐fitted meshes, which makes it fast to apply. In ALM, tabulated airfoil data are used to determine the local blade loadings, which subsequently are projected to the CFD grid using a Gaussian smearing function. To achieve accurate blade loadings at the tip regions of the blades, the width of the projection function needs to be narrower than the local chord lengths, requiring CFD grids that are much finer than what is actually needed in order to resolve the energy containing turbulent structures of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). On the other hand, employing large widths of the projection function may result in too large tip loadings. Therefore, the number of grid points required to resolve the blade and the width of the projection function have to be restricted to certain minimum values if unphysical corrections are to be avoided. In this paper, we investigate the cause of the overestimated tip loadings when using coarse CFD grids and, based on this, introduce a simple and physical consistent correction technique to rectify the problem. To validate the new correction, it is first applied on a planar wing where results are compared with the lifting‐line technique. Next, the NREL 5‐MW and Phase VI turbines are employed to test the correction on rotors. Here, the resulting blade loadings are compared with results from the blade‐element momentum (BEM) method. In both cases, it is found that the new correction greatly improves the results for both normal and tangential loads and that it is possible to obtain accurate results even when using a very coarse blade resolution.
Fibers add flavor. Part I. Classification of 5d SCFTs, flavor symmetries and BPS states
Authors: Apruzzi Fabio , Lawrie Craig , Lin Ling , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura , Wang Yi-Nan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We propose a graph-based approach to 5d superconformal field theories (SCFTs) based on their realization as M-theory compactifications on singular elliptic Calabi-Yau threefolds. Field-theoretically, these 5d SCFTs descend from 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) SCFTs by circle compactification and mass deformations. We derive a description of these theories in terms of graphs, so-called Combined Fiber Diagrams, which encode salient features of the partially resolved Calabi-Yau geometry, and provides a combinatorial way of characterizing all 5d SCFTs that descend from a given 6d theory. Remarkably, these graphs manifestly capture strongly coupled data of the 5d SCFTs, such as the superconformal flavor symmetry, BPS states, and mass deformations. The capabilities of this approach are demonstrated by deriving all rank one and rank two 5d SCFTs. The full potential, how- ever, becomes apparent when applied to theories with higher rank. Starting with the higher rank conformal matter theories in 6d, we are led to the discovery of previously unknown flavor symmetry enhancements and new 5d SCFTs.
Entwicklung einer elektronischen Todesbescheinigung für Deutschland
Authors: Eckert Olaf , Kühl Linda , Vogel Ulrich , Weber Stefanie 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Ausstellen von Todesbescheinigungen durch Ärztinnen und Ärzte sowie die Weiterbearbeitung durch Gesundheitsämter, Standesämter, statistische Ämter auf Landesebene und weitere Behörden erfolgen heute in einem gesetzlich geregelten Verfahren, das papierbasiert ist und zwischen den Bundesländern variiert.In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept einer bundeseinheitlichen elektronischen Todesbescheinigung (eTB) skizziert, das eine digitale Verarbeitungskette beinhaltet und eine zeitnahe und qualitativ verbesserte Todesursachenstatistik ermöglichen soll.Ausgehend von einem bundeseinheitlichen Formular, das erstmals die seit 2016 geltenden Dokumentationsanforderungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) vollständig in Deutschland umsetzen wird, soll die elektronische Todesbescheinigung in Pilotregionen entwickelt und getestet werden. Dabei sollen Synergieeffekte genutzt werden, die sich aus der fortschreitenden Digitalisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung und des Gesundheitswesens ergeben.Die in der Testphase erhobenen Daten sollen mit dem elektronischen Codiersystem Iris bearbeitet werden. Effekte auf die Datenqualität der Todesursachenstatistik sollen im Rahmen von multikausalen Auswertungen und vergleichenden Untersuchungen zu internationalen Ergebnissen und zum bisherigen papierbasierten Verfahren analysiert werden. Erstmals soll in Deutschland eine multikausale Todesursachenstatistik konzipiert werden, die bei einer alternden Gesellschaft und multimorbiden Patienten von hoher Relevanz für die Gesundheitspolitik und -forschung sein kann.Die Erfahrungen der Pilotierung der eTB könnten für eine spätere bundesweite Umsetzung genutzt werden.
Absence of neurotoxicity and lack of neurobehavioral consequences due to exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) exposure in humans, animals and zebrafish
Authors: Kacew Sam , Hayes A. Wallace 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTetrabromobisphenol A (2,2′,6,6′-tetrabromo-4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol, CAS no. 79-94-7) (TBBPA) is an effective brominated flame retardant present in many consumer products whose effectiveness is attributable to its ability to retard flames and consequently save human lives. Toxicokinetic studies revealed that TBBPA when absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract is rapidly metabolized to glucuronide or sulfate metabolites which are rapidly eliminated by the kidney. TBBPA does not accumulate in the body and there is no evidence that the parent compound is present in the brain. Although this brominated flame retardant was detected in human breast milk and serum, there was no evidence that TBBPA reached the brain in in vivo animal studies as reflected by the absence of neuropathological, neurotoxic, or behavioral alterations indicating that the central nervous system is not a target tissue. These animal investigations were further supported by use of the larval/embryo observations that TBBPA did not produce behavioral changes in a larval/embryo zebrafish a model of chemical-induced neurotoxicity. Although some protein expressions were increased, deceased or not affected in the blood–brain barrier indicating no evidence that TBBPA entered the brain, the changes were contradictory, or gender related, and behavior was not affected supporting that this compound was not neurotoxic. Taken together, TBBPA does not appear to target the brain and is not considered as a neurotoxicant.
“It’s helpful to get the time and opportunity to discuss drug treatment; that’s what I think is the most important thing.”—A qualitative study on prescribing education in junior physicians
Authors: Lönnbro Johan , Wallerstedt Susanna M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
As prescribing skills are a prerequisite for rational use of medicines, and education and training are important in acquiring these skills, we aimed to explore what aspects junior physicians find important when being taught the art of prescribing.

Methods
Written feedback from 34 interns after participating in an educational session as part of a randomized controlled study at a university hospital formed the qualitative data in this study. Manifest content analysis was performed, guided by the research question “Educating junior physicians in the art of prescribing: what aspects do they find important?” Meaning units were extracted and categorized, and emergent themes were identified.

Results
Five themes emerged. The first, clinical relevance, was exemplified by the categories valuable for health care; perceived relevance for one’s own work; and translating theory into practice while the second, applicable content, included categories such as clinical advice; practical tips on using the electronic medical record system; and tools that facilitate. The third and fourth themes, reality-based teaching and creative discussions, were exemplified by the categories patient cases and feedback; and discussion-based teaching; wide-ranging discussions and a permissive and open atmosphere, respectively. In the last theme, effective structure, we identified the categories clear structure; small group teaching; allocated time for discussion; well-organized administration; and home assignment for practice.

Conclusion
Creative discussions, effectively structured in small group sessions, with clinically relevant, reality-based content built on case studies and feedback, are aspects which junior physicians find important when educated in the art of prescribing.