bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition Profiling of Urease and Carbonic Anhydrase II by High- Throughput Screening and Molecular Docking Studies of Structurally Diverse Organic Compounds
Authors: Ali Majid , Bukhari Syed Majid , Zaidi Asma , Khan Farhan A. , Rashid Umer , Tahir Neelum , Rabbani Baseerat , Farooq Umar 
Published: October 2020

Background::
Structurally diverse organic compounds and available drugs were screened
against urease and carbonic anhydrase II in a formulation acceptable for high-throughput screening.

Objective:
The study was conducted to find out potential inhibitors of urease and carbonic anhydrase
II.

Methods::
Quantification of the possible HITs was carried out by determining their IC50 values.

Results:
The results of several screened compounds, including derivatives of oxadiazole, coumarins,
chromane-2, 4-diones and metal complexes of cysteine-omeprazole showed promising inhibitory
activities with IC50 ranging from 47 μM to 412 μM against the urease. The interactions of active
compounds with active sites of enzymes were investigated through molecular docking studies
which revealed that (R)-1-(4-amino-4-(5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) butyl) guanidine
possessing IC50 of 47 μM interacts with one of the nickel metal atoms of urease besides further
interactions as predictable hydrogen bonds with KCX490, Asp633, His492, His407 and His409
along with Ala440 and 636. Bi-ligand metal complexes of 4-aminoantipyrine based Schiff bases
showed activation of urease with AC50 ranging from 68 μM to 112 μM. Almost 21 compounds with
varying functional groups including pyrimidines, oxadiazoles, imidazoles, hydrazides and tin based
compounds were active carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors presenting 98 μM to 390 μM IC50 values.
Several N-substituted sulfonamide derivatives were inactive against carbonic anhydrase II.

Conclusion::
Among all the screened compounds, the highly active inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase
II was (4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl) methanone
with IC50 of 98.0 μM. This particular compound showed metallic interaction with Zn ion of
carbonic anhydrase II through the hydroxyl group of the phenyl ring.
Sulfonamides and Sulphonyl Ester of Quinolines as Non-Acidic, Non- Steroidal, Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: Bano Bilquees , Kanwal  , Khan Khalid Mohammed , Jabeen Almas , Faheem Aisha , Taha Muhammad , Haider Syed Moazzam , Perveen Shahnaz 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Quinolines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds possessing a
wide range of biological activities. Previously, we had identified Schiff bases of quinoline as potential
anti-inflammatory agents, thus the current work is the continuation of our previous study.

Objective:
In the current study, 3-, 5-, and 8-sulfonamide and 8-sulfonate derivatives of quinoline
(1-50) were synthesized and their anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated. These synthetic analogs
were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity via ROS (Reactive oxygen species) inhibitory
effect produced from phagocytes from human whole blood.

Methods:
The sulfonamide and sulfonate derivatives of quinoline were synthesized via treating 5-,
3-, 8-amino, and 8-hydroxy quinolines with different substituted sulfonyl chlorides in pyridine. The
synthetic molecules were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and screened for
their anti-inflammatory potential.

Results:
Among the synthetic derivatives 1-50, six compounds showed good to moderate antiinflammatory
activity. Compounds 47 (IC50 = 2.9 ± 0.5 μg/mL), 36 (IC50 = 3.2 ± 0.2 μg/mL), and
24 (IC50 = 6.7 ± 0.3 μg/mL) exhibited enhanced activity as compared to the standard ibuprofen
(IC50 = 11.2 ± 1.9 μg/mL). Compounds 20 (IC50 = 25.5 ± 0.7 μg/mL), 50 (IC50 = 42.9 ± 5.6 μg/mL),
and 8 (IC50 = 53.9 ± 3.1 μg/mL) were moderately active, however, rest of the compounds were
found to be inactive.

Conclusion:
The sulfonamide and sulfonate derivatives of quinoline were found to have promising
anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies on the modification of these molecules may lead to the
discovery of new and potential anti-inflammatory agents.
Epidemiology of Ischemic Heart Disease and Diabetes in South Asia: An Overview of the Twin Epidemic
Authors: Gupta Rajeev , Gaur Kiran 
Published: October 2020

Background & Objective:Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the most important causes of death and disability in the world and diabetes is an important risk factor. This review was performed to describe the mortality and morbidity burden from this twin epidemic in South Asian countries.Methods:Country-level data on the epidemiology of IHD and diabetes were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Sub-national data were available only for India. We also retrieved epidemiological studies from published reviews on IHD and diabetes in India. These were supplemented with MEDLINE search.Results:GBD study and regional epidemiological studies have reported that there are significant regional variations in IHD mortality and disease burden within South Asian countries. IHD burden has increased significantly from 2000 to 2017. Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study has reported that diabetes is an important IHD risk factor in the South Asian region. GBD Study and International Diabetes Federation have reported increasing diabetes-related mortality and disease burden in South Asian countries, especially India. There are regional variations in diabetes-related mortality, disease burden, and prevalence in South Asia. At the macrolevel, rapid food and nutrition transition along with increasing physical inactivity is responsible for this twin epidemic.Conclusions:Increasing trends in IHD and diabetes-related mortality and disease burden with regional variations are observed in South Asian countries.
Predicting the Intention to Preconception Care on the Basis of Planning Behavior Theory in Women Referred to the Marriage Counseling Centers in Asadabad in 2015
Authors: Khorsandi Mahboobeh , Aziz Maryam Valayi , Ranjbaran Mehdi , Vakilian Katayon 
Published: October 2020

Background and Objective:
Maternal health is one of the main factors influencing pregnancy
outcomes. Women at childbearing age with poor health are at higher risks. In this context,
preconception planning and receiving care services are of great importance for early identification
and diagnosis of risk factors for pregnancy. The present study assessed the theoretical structures of
planned behavior for the intention of preconception care.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 200 women selected
using a simple random sampling method in Asadabad, located in the west of Iran, in 2015.
The tool used for collecting data was a researcher-made questionnaire containing the theoretical construct
of planning behavior. It included the constructs of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior
control, and behavioral and functional intentions. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire
were examined before conducting the research. SPSS 16 using multiple logistic regression and Pearson
correlation coefficient test was used to analyze data.

Results:
The mean and standard deviation of the knowledge were 6.39 ± 3.31, attitude (37.37 ±
4.21), subjective norms (21.12 ± 3.25), perceived behavior control (9.6 ± 2.23), and behavioral intention
(26.7 ± 4.06). There was a direct and significant correlation between the construct of subjective
norms and intention (p=0.039, r=0.146). The construct of attitude and subjective norms were the
most important predictor variables of changes in women's intention of preconception care. Moreover,
no statistically significant relationship was observed between intention and the person's age,
spouse's education, the person's occupation, and women's education (p>0.05).

Conclusion:
According to the results, it is suggested to emphasize creating positive attitudes and
subjective norms while designing educational interventions in order to increase the coverage of preconception
care.
Antimicrobial and Antifungal Properties of Leaves to Root Extracts and Saponin Fractions of Chlorophytum borivilianum
Authors: Sharma Pallavi , Singh Vineeta , Maurya Sanjeev K. , Kamal Mohammad A. , Poddar Nitesh K. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
The study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial activity of methanolic
crude extract from different parts of the Chlorophytum borivilianum plant against pathogenic microorganisms
and toassess antimicrobial activity by MIC and structural characterization of purified
saponin of Chlorophytum borivilianum by using spectrophotometric and NMR analysis.

Methods:
The antimicrobial analysis of the extracts of leaves, roots and stems of C. borivilianum is
based on the agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The phytochemical
screening and characterization of saponin on the basis of structural and antimicrobial activity
present in C. borivilianum were analyzed by different spectrophotometric methods such as
HPLC, UV-visible, IR, NMR, LC-ESI-MS and pharmacophore modeling.

Results:
The results revealed that the methanolic leaf, stem and root extracts have inhibitory potential
against the growth of K. pneumonia, B. subtilis, M. tuberculosis, E coli and S. aureus in case of
bacteria and C. albicans, A. fumigatus and Tricoderma in case of fungus. The MIC values of leaf,
stem and root extracts were found in the range of 1 mg/ml to 0.125 mg/ml. Moreover, the purified
saponins indicated MIC in the range of 0.5 mg/ml to 0.0625 mg/ml against the selected microbial
pathogens. Saponins act as one of the major phytocomponents present in C. borivilianum. The antimicrobial
and structural analysis of purified saponins of C. borivilianum was also performed using
different spectral analysis methods.

Conclusion:
The anti-microbial results showed that the extract from the leaf and stems had higher
anti-pathogenic activity as compared to the roots. The MIC results showed that the purified
saponin also possessed the anti-microbial activity and oleanolic acid content, as detected by spectral
analysis the fundamental structure of the extracted saponin.
A Review on Pharmacokinetics Properties of Antiretroviral Drugs to
Treat HIV-1 Infections
Authors: Khan Mohd. Aqueel , Gupta Krishna Kant , Singh Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The HIV-1 pandemic is undoubtedly the major public-health crisis of our time. The extensive
research on HIV has deepened our understanding of its pathogenesis and transmission dynamics. Some new entity
molecules have been approved by the FDA for HIV treatment but till now protective vaccine remains elusive. Scientists
are targeting many important proteins of HIV-1; gp41, gp120, CCR5 coreceptor, integrase, reverse transcriptase and
protease. Few compounds are used as nucleotide analogues to stop HIV replication. Altogether, these compounds and
their derivatives specifically block HIV entry and DNA replication. Using ADMET studies, people are working on these
compounds to reduce toxicity and increase potency.

Objective:
Our main aim is to discuss the Pharmacokinetics properties of 23 important FDA antiretroviral drugs used for
the treatment of HIV-1 infections.

Methods:
We have searched literature related to pharmacokinetics properties in PubMed, Google Scholar search engine.

Conclusion:
Here, we have reviewed the pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, bioavailability, distribution,
metabolism, and excretion, of important 23 FDA approved drugs. The drugs namely Fuzeon, Selzentry, Complera, Epivir,
Retrovir, Emtriva, Ziagen, Edurant, Intelence, Pifeltro, Sustiva, Viramune, Isentress, Genvoya, Tivicay, Reyataz, Prezista,
Lexiva, Invirase, Aptivus etc. are classified into five major classes: fusion inhibitors, Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs), Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs), Integrase Strand transfer
inhibitors (INSTIs) and Protease inhibitors (PIs). This Review may helpful for the future development of potent
antiretroviral drugs with improved pharmacokinetic properties.
Current Perspective and Developments in Electrochemical Sensors Modified with Nanomaterials for Environmental and Pharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: Buledi Jamil A. , Shah Zia-ul-Hassan , Mallah Arfana , Solangi Amber R. 
Published: October 2020

Background:Over the past few decades, environmental pollution has appeared to be one of the most crucial global problems. The widespread intensification of numerous hazardous pollutants in the environment need the modern researchers to develop viable, reproducible and cost-effective determination tools for the reliable environmental analysis. The beneficial, as well as perilous, biological compounds are receiving growing interest due to their variable composition which produces advantageous and toxic impacts on human and the environment. Several conventional analytical methods have been established for the pharmaceutical and environmental analysis. However, certain drawbacks limited their practices in the modern rapidly growing era of science and technology. The development of electrochemical sensors has emerged as more beneficial and promising tool as against other traditional analytical approaches, in terms of simplicity, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, stability and reliability. Nonetheless, the over potential and low anodic/cathodic current response are both considered as bottlenecks for the determination of electroactive entities exploiting electrochemical sensors. Interestingly, these problems can be easily resolved by modifying the electrodes with a variety of conductive materials, especially nanostructures.Objective:This review covers different electrochemical methods, reported in the literature, for the environmental and pharmaceutical analysis through simple and cost-effective nanostructures-based sensors. The electrochemical techniques with different modes and the modification of electrodes with highly conductive and prolific polymeric and nanostructured materials used for the determination of different environmental and pharmaceutical samples are the main prominence of this review. Various kinds of nanomaterials, e.g. metal, metal oxide and their composites, have been synthesized for the fabrication of sensitive electrodes.Conclusion:Nanostructures played a pivotal role in the modification of electrodes, which substantially enhanced the capability and sensitivity of electrochemical sensors. The proper modification of electrodes has materialized the swift detection of electroactive compounds at very low limits and offered the feasible determination procedure without any kind of signal fluctuation and over potential. In crux, due to their enhanced surface area and excellent catalytic properties, nanomaterials recently appeared as the most promising candidates in the field of electrode modification and significantly impacted the detection protocols for various environmental pollutants, viz. pesticides, metal ions and drugs.
A New Approach to Synthesis of Benzyl Cinnamate: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Investigation
Authors: Zhi Gao-Ying , Li Xiao-Bing , Wang Yun , Han Li , Zhang Dong-Hao 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Benzyl cinnamate is widely used in many fragrance compounds. The traditional
methods to obtain benzyl cinnamate, including chemical synthesis or extraction from
leaves, have many drawbacks. Recently, lipase-catalyzed synthesis of benzyl cinnamate has provided
us with a promising alternative due to its high catalytic efficiency, mild reaction conditions,
and green and environmentally friendly process. In this work, the purpose is to investigate the kinetics
and thermodynamics of enzymatic synthesis of benzyl cinnamate.

Objective:
The objective of the current study was to investigate the kinetics and thermodynamics of
the enzymatic synthesis of benzyl cinnamate.

Results:
The results showed that the reaction followed the Ping-Pong mechanism leading to substrate
inhibition. Furthermore, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were estimated. The inhibition
constant KiB decreased with temperature enhancement, implying that the inhibition of benzyl
alcohol on lipase could be depressed at high temperatures. Moreover, the activation energy of
the first-step reaction (52.46 kJ/mol) was much higher than that of the second-step reaction (12.97
kJ/mol), demonstrating that the first-step reaction was the rate-limiting reaction. The esterification
process was found to be endothermic, with an enthalpy value (ΔH) of +55.7 kJ/mol and entropy
value (ΔS) of +170.2 J/mol K, respectively. Based on the change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enzymatic
esterification of cinnamic acid changed from non-spontaneous to spontaneous reaction when
temperature was raised to above 53ºC.

Conclusion:
This obtained information could be utilized to optimize the biosynthesis of benzyl
cinnamate.
ХІРУРГІЧНЕ ЛІКУВАННЯ НЕПАРАЗИТАРНИХ КІСТ ПЕЧІНКИ
Authors: Шапринський В. О. , Воровський О. О. , Камінський О. А. , Пашинський Я. М. , Миронишен Ю. А. 
Published: October 2020

Резюме. Мета дослідження: покращити результати хірургічного лікування непаразитарних кіст печінки за рахунок розробки та удосконалення методів оперативного втручання.
Матеріал та методи. Прооперовано 102 хворих: 88 (86,3 %) – непаразитарні кісти печінки, 14 (13,7 %) – полікістоз. За способом лікування: І група – міні-інвазивні методи – 56 (54,9 %) випадків; ІІ група – лапаротомні втручання – 32 (31,4 %).
Результати дослідження. При застосуванні лапароскопічних методів середній ліжко-день склав 4,5 ± 1,0, післяопераційні ускладнення – 1 (1,8 %) випадок. При лапаротомних способах відповідно: 12,0 ± 1,5 та 2 (6,3 %), що підтверджує перевагу міні-інвазивних методів. Рецидив – у 3 (2,9 %) випадках.
Висновки:

Для запобігання розвитку небезпечних ускладнень непаразитарних кіст печінки та з метою їх ранньої діагностики рекомендовано застосовувати променеві методи дослідження та ліквідовувати їх міні-інвазивними способами на ранній стадії формування.
Застосування міні-інвазивного методу фенестрації кіст з деепітелізацією їх оболонок при полікістозі печінки є операцією вибору, що дає змогу уповільнити розвиток гепатоцелюлярної недостатності.
Поєднання міні-інвазивних методик з біполярною коагуляцією, чи лазерною дисекцією, чи зварювальною електрокоагуляцією призвело до зменшення таких ускладнень як інтраопераційна кровотеча і жовчопідтікання; стало можливим їх застосування не тільки при кістектомії великих ускладнених кіст, а й при резекційних методах лікування.
Застосування зварювального електрокоагулятора ЕК-300М “Свармед” при лапароскопічній цистектомії призвело до зменшення тривалості операції та перебування в стаціонарі в 2 рази, кількість рецидивів – з 10 до 2,9 %.
European Universities and Change
Authors: Rowley Daniel James , Sherman Herbert 
Published: October 2020

This article describes the findings of an exploratory research project conducted in Central and Western Europe during the fall of 2008. The purpose of the research was to identify the role of change that European Universities have faced throughout the 20ᵗʰ Century and to identify how they have responded to these challenges. One surprising outcome of the research was that most European universities were not impacted significantly at all by the several tumultuous events of the Century, but that they are now seeing substantive changes due to the implementation of the Bologna Process, which has been adopted by 46 European countries to improve quality and competitiveness in their universities. This article examines the issues around change that are being played out in European universities and suggests some strategies they may wish to consider as they work to become more competitive with higher education in the United States.
Strategi kepala sekolah meningkatkan mutu pendidikan melalui program unggulan sekolah
Authors: Hayudiyani Meila , Saputra Bagus Rachmad , Adha Maulana Amirul , Ariyanti Nova Syafira 
Published: October 2020

Layanan pendidikan diukur melalui kualitas pendidikan yang diselenggara-kan di sekolah. Kualitas mutu sekolah dijabarkan pada program-program pembelajaran yang menjadi brand untuk ditawarkan kepada masyarakat sebagai pengguna jasa layanan pendidikan yang diberikan oleh sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di sekolah melalui program-program ung-gulan sekolah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Kristen Kalam Kudus Surakarta yang menerapkan program unggulan berbasis kerohanian, pem-belajaran, dan life skill atau kecakapan hidup. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif, penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara kepala sekolah dan guru, kemudian pengamatan langsung atau observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan dan dicatat dalam bentuk catatan lapangan dan transkrip wawancara sebelum direduksi dan disajikan. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa program unggulan sekolah dapat memberikan dampak pada peningkatan mutu pendidikan. AbstractEducation services are measured through the quality of education held in schools. The quality of schools is described in learning programs that become brands to be offered to the community as users of educational services provided by schools. This study aims to describe the principal's strategy in improving the quality of education in schools through excellent programs in schools. This research was conducted at the Kalam Kudus Christian High School Surakarta which implemented a superior program based on spirituality, learning, and life skills. The research method is qualitative, research is conducted by interviewing principals and teachers, then direct observation or observation, and documentation studies. Then the data obtained is collected and recorded in the form of field notes and interview transcripts before they are reduced and presented. The results of the study found that the school leading programs have an impact on improving the quality of education.
Pelaksanaan program Edmodo di sekolah dasar
Authors: Zaman Feni Febryani , Jabar Cepi Safruddin Abdul 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan program Edmodo di Sekolah Dasar Percobaan Negeri (SDPN) Sabang dan Sekolah Dasar Kristen (SDK) 5 BPK Penabur kota Bandung. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuali-tatif, desain studi kasus. Subyek penelitian dengan purposive sampling yaitu ambassador, manajer Edmodo Amerika Serikat, guru, siswa, orang tua, kepala SDPN Sabang dan SDK 5 BPK Penabur, pengawas, Kepala Dinas Pendidikan kota Bandung dan staf program sarana dan prasarana. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen. Pengujian keabsahan data adalah teknik triangulasi, member-check, dan audit eksternal oleh dosen pembimbing. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Creswell. Hasil penelitian mengungkap pelaksanaan program Edmodo yaitu mengkaji dimensi siswa, guru, dan stakeholder yang terlibat dalam pelaksanaan program Edmodo. Permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan Edmodo adalah hambatan mindset dan niat, signal, sarana dan prasarana Edmdo, dan limitasi grup. AbstractThis research aims to describe the implementation of the Edmodo program at Sekolah Dasar Percobaan Negeri (SDPN) Sabang and Sekolah Dasar Kristen (SDK) 5 BPK Penabur Bandung. The research approach was qualitative, case study design. Research subjects with purposive sampling consisted of Ambassador, Edmodo’s United States manager, teachers, students, parents, head of SDPN Sabang and SDK 5 BPK Penabur Bandung, supervisor, head of Bandung Education Office, and staff of infrastructures. The techniques of collecting data were interviews, observation, and documents. The validity testing of data was triangulation, member-checking, and external audits by the lecturer. The analysis data used was qualitative analysis data from Creswell. The results of this research were the implementation of the Edmodo program was to examine the dimensions of students, teachers, and stakeholders involved in the implementation of the Edmodo program. The problem in the implementation was the barrier of mindset and intention, signal, infrastructure, and group limitation.