bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An optimal epidural catheter placement site for post-cesarean section analgesia with double-space technique combined spinal–epidural anesthesia: a retrospective study
Authors: Murata Yuya , Yamada Kumiko , Hamaguchi Yuto , Yamashita Soichiro , Tanaka Makoto 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Epidural anesthesia affects lower extremities, which often prevents early mobilization postoperatively. The incidence of numbness and motor weakness in the lower extremities with respect to epidural catheter placement site in cesarean section (CS) is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the effect of catheter placement site on postoperative lower extremities numbness and motor weakness in patients who received combined spinal–epidural anesthesia (CSEA) for CS including analgesic effects and optimal epidural placement site in CS.

Methods
We retrospectively included 205 patients who underwent CS with CSEA at the University of Tsukuba Hospital between April 2018 and March 2020, and assessed numbness and motor weakness in the lower extremities. We also examined whether differences in the intervertebral space of epidural catheter placement and epidural effect on the lower extremities are related to analgesic effects. ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The incidence of numbness and motor weakness were 67 (33%) and 28 (14%), respectively. All patients with motor weakness had numbness. A more caudal placement was associated with increased incidence of affected lower extremities. There was no significant difference in the analgesic effect depending on the catheter placement site. When the lower extremities were affected, the number of additional analgesics increased (p < 0.001). Patient-controlled epidural analgesia was used for fewer days in patients with motor weakness (p = 0.046).

Conclusion
In CS, epidural catheter placement at T10–11 or T11–12 interspace is expected to reduce effect on the lower extremities and improve quality of postoperative analgesia.
Humanitarian behavior across high-/low-context cultures: a comparative analysis between Switzerland and Colombia
Authors: Alizadeh Afrouzi Omid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) attempts constantly to motivate its audience through social media to adopt humanitarian attitudes and behaviors. Owing to its multicultural audience, the results of this communicative attempt varies from region to region. In this context, in order to optimize the humanitarian communication outcome, it is of high importance to investigate the mediating role of culture. Drawing on Hall’s context theory, this comparative survey-based study tries to analyze the influence of personal context culture on humanitarian behavior intention in a low-context-culture country (Switzerland) and a high-context-culture country (Colombia). The results indicated that once exposed to implicit social media posts of the ICRC, the Colombian showed slightly higher behavior intention compared to the Swiss and participants’ personal context-culture score fully accounted for this difference. This study is also an empirical examination of Hall’s context theory in a humanitarian communication context.
Cushion plant Silene acaulis is a pioneer species at abandoned coal piles in the High Arctic, Svalbard
Authors: Oh Minwoo , Lee Eun Ju 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Abandoned coal piles after the closure of mines have a potential negative influence on the environment, such as soil acidification and heavy metal contamination. Therefore, revegetation by efficient species is required. For this, we wanted to identify the role of Silene acaulis in the succession of coal piles as a pioneer and a nurse plant. S. acaulis is a well-studied cushion plant living in the Arctic and alpine environments in the northern hemisphere. It has a highly compact cushion-like form and hosts more plant species under its canopy by ameliorating stressful microhabitats. In this research, we surveyed vegetation cover on open plots and co-occurring species within S. acaulis cushions in coal piles with different slope aspects and a control site where no coal was found. The plant cover and the similarity of communities among sites were compared. Also, the interaction effects of S. acaulis were assessed by rarefaction curves.

Results
S. acaulis was a dominant species with the highest cover (6.7%) on the coal piles and occurred with other well-known pioneer species. Plant communities on the coal piles were significantly different from the control site. We found that the pioneer species S. acaulis showed facilitation, neutral, and competition effect in the north-east facing slope, the south-east facing slope, and the flat ground, respectively. This result was consistent with the stress gradient hypothesis because the facilitation only occurred on the north-east facing slope, which was the most stressed condition, although all the interactions observed were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
S. acaulis was a dominant pioneer plant in the succession of coal piles. The interaction effect of S. acaulis on other species depended on the slope and its direction on the coal piles. Overall, it plays an important role in the succession of coal piles in the High Arctic, Svalbard.
Semi-tightly coupled integration of multi-GNSS PPP and S-VINS for precise positioning in GNSS-challenged environments
Authors: Li Xingxing , Wang Xuanbin , Liao Jianchi , Li Xin , Li Shengyu , Lyu Hongbo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBecause of its high-precision, low-cost and easy-operation, Precise Point Positioning (PPP) becomes a potential and attractive positioning technique that can be applied to self-driving cars and drones. However, the reliability and availability of PPP will be significantly degraded in the extremely difficult conditions where Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals are blocked frequently. Inertial Navigation System (INS) has been integrated with GNSS to ameliorate such situations in the last decades. Recently, the Visual-Inertial Navigation Systems (VINS) with favorable complementary characteristics is demonstrated to realize a more stable and accurate local position estimation than the INS-only. Nevertheless, the system still must rely on the global positions to eliminate the accumulated errors. In this contribution, we present a semi-tight coupling framework of multi-GNSS PPP and Stereo VINS (S-VINS), which achieves the bidirectional location transfer and sharing in two separate navigation systems. In our approach, the local positions, produced by S-VINS are integrated with multi-GNSS PPP through a graph-optimization based method. Furthermore, the accurate forecast positions with S-VINS are fed back to assist PPP in GNSS-challenged environments. The statistical analysis of a GNSS outage simulation test shows that the S-VINS mode can effectively suppress the degradation of positioning accuracy compared with the INS-only mode. We also carried out a vehicle-borne experiment collecting multi-sensor data in a GNSS-challenged environment. For the complex driving environment, the PPP positioning capability is significantly improved with the aiding of S-VINS. The 3D positioning accuracy is improved by 49.0% for Global Positioning System (GPS), 40.3% for GPS + GLOANSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), 45.6% for GPS + BDS (BeiDou navigation satellite System), and 51.2% for GPS + GLONASS + BDS. On this basis, the solution with the semi-tight coupling scheme of multi-GNSS PPP/S-VINS achieves the improvements of 41.8–60.6% in 3D positioning accuracy compared with the multi-GNSS PPP/INS solutions.
HPTLC analysis of Fumaria parviflora (Lam.) methanolic extract of whole plant
Authors: Bhargava Anjali , Shrivastava Pragya , Tilwari Anita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Fumaria parviflora (Lam.), commonly known as “fine-leaved fumitory,” is well known for its therapeutic properties in the Indian traditional medicinal system. The presence of important bioactive compounds in plants makes them pharmacologically valuable. Therefore, in the present study, the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of Fumaria parviflora (whole plant) methanolic extract was performed for its phytochemical profiling.

Results
The HPTLC densitometric analysis of the methanolic extract of Fumaria parviflora (whole plant) was carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system, and the results were obtained in the form of chromatograms (scanned at the wavelength of 254 nm and 366 nm) representing several peaks. The phytochemical profile of the plant was determined and presented in the tables showing the total number of peaks, peak heights, peak area, percent area, and Rf values.

Conclusion
The study concluded that F. parviflora methanolic extract of the whole plant contains a rich variety of phytochemicals which might be accountable for its therapeutic value and thus justifies its traditional use in India.
Review of wave forces on bridge decks with experimental and numerical methods
Authors: Chen Xuebin , Chen Zhiwu , Xu Guoji , Zhuo Xianrong , Deng Qinghua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMassive coastal bridges were damaged in Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Katrina (2005), and considerable efforts have been devoted to the studies of wave forces acting on bridge decks since then. When the hurricane and tsunamis approach the coastal zones, the mean water level is elevated, making it possible for the incident wave to hit the bridge deck directly. The study of wave force acting on the bridge deck is essential for the investigation of bridge failure mechanism, and a literature review of wave forces with experimental and numerical methods after Hurricanes Ivan and Katrina is presented in this paper. Though the experiments and numerical models can not fully simulate the wave-deck interaction as in realistic conditions, remarkable progress has been achieved, and some significant findings help the researchers to further understand the failure mechanism of the bridge deck. Emphasis is given to the studies that have significantly improved our understanding of the topic. Challenges associated with the existing studies and suggestions for future studies are presented for a deeper understanding of the failure mechanism of the bridge deck, and more countermeasures are expected to protect the bridge deck under extreme wave forces.
DNA Methylation Haplotype Block Markers Efficiently Discriminate Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma from Follicular Adenoma
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhenzhen , Liu Xiaoding , Duan Huanli , Xiang Tianmin , He Qiye , Su Zhixi , Wu Huanwen , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Context
Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is the second most common type of thyroid carcinoma and must be pathologically distinguished from benign follicular adenoma (FA). Additionally, the clinical assessment of thyroid tumors with uncertain malignant potential (TT-UMP) demands effective indicators.

Objective
We aimed to identify discriminating DNA methylation markers between FA and FTC.

Methods
DNA methylation patterns were investigated in 33 FTC and 33 FA samples using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and methylation haplotype block–based analysis. A prediction model was constructed and validated in an independent cohort of 13 FTC and 13 FA samples. Moreover, 36 TT-UMP samples were assessed using this model.

Results
A total of 70 DNA methylation markers, approximately half of which were located within promoters, were identified to be significantly different between the FTC and FA samples. All the Gene Ontology terms enriched among the marker-associated genes were related to “DNA binding,” implying that the inactivation of DNA binding played a role in FTC development. A random forest model with an area under the curve of 0.994 was constructed using those markers for discriminating FTC from FA in the validation cohort. When the TT-UMP samples were scored using this model, those with fewer driver mutations also exhibited lower scores.

Conclusion
An FTC-predicting model was constructed using DNA methylation markers, which distinguished between FA and FTC tissues with a high degree of accuracy. This model can also be used to help determine the potential of malignancy in TT-UMP.
Directors’ Perceptions of Board Effectiveness and Internal Operations
Authors: Cheng J. Yo-Jud , Groysberg Boris , Healy Paul , Vijayaraghavan Rajesh 
Published: January 2021

We contribute to the growing literature on the effectiveness of corporate boards by examining the effect of two insights that have been largely unexplored in prior studies that use public data. First, since boards’ responsibilities are wide-ranging, more holistic performance measures may better capture the full range of their duties than specific public actions and outcomes (e.g., disclosure of risk management processes, financial restatements, acquisition returns, CEO turnover). And second, because corporate boards share many characteristics of other types of teams, their effectiveness is likely to be influenced by their internal operations. To examine the performance effects of these insights, we use data from 577 directors of U.S. public firms that responded to a survey we conducted in 2015–2016 and qualitative data from interviews of 75 directors. Our study establishes a strong relation between director perceptions of board performance effectiveness and internal board operations. Further, by highlighting the critical role of internal operations, identifying areas of relative strength and weakness in boards’ effectiveness in various activities, and probing director perceptions of their primary responsibilities, we are able to offer concrete suggestions for future research on board effectiveness. This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
Anatomy, magnetic resonance and arthroscopy of the popliteal hiatus of the knee: normal aspect and pathological conditions
Authors: Grassi Alberto , Pizza Nicola , Andrea Lucidi Gian , Macchiarola Luca , Mosca Massimiliano , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: January 2021

The popliteal hiatus is a complex region, formed by the confluence of various structures connecting the meniscus, popliteal tendon, tibia and fibula. The main structures that can be found are the three popliteomeniscal fascicles (anterior, postero-inferior and postero-superior), the lateral and posterior meniscotibial ligaments, the popliteofibular ligament and the meniscofibular fascicle. These structures can be identified in most cases using magnetic resonance imaging, and their ‘static’ assessment can be performed. Arthroscopic assessment is useful in identifying and testing ‘dynamically’ the integrity of the structures around the popliteal hiatus. Injuries or abnormalities of the popliteal hiatus and its structures could result in meniscal hypermobility and subluxation; however, these injuries are often unrecognized. Possible abnormalities in this region, apart from the well-known bucket-handle meniscal tear, are the Wrisberg Type III discoid meniscus, and meniscal fascicles tears. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:61-74. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200089
Wide-field parallel mapping of local spectral and topographic information with white light interference microscopy
Authors: Marbach Sébastien , Claveau Rémy , Wang Fangting , Schiffler Jesse , Montgomery Paul , Flury Manuel 
Published: January 2021

Fourier analysis of interferograms captured in white light interference
microscopy is proposed for performing simultaneous local spectral and
topographic measurements at high spatial resolution over a large field
of view. The technique provides a wealth of key information on local
sample properties. We describe the processing and calibration steps
involved to produce reflectivity maps of spatially extended samples.
This enables precise and fast identification between different
materials at a local scale of 1 µm. We also show that the recovered
spectral information can be further used for improving topography
measurements, particularly in the case of samples combining dielectric
and conducting materials in which the complex refractive index can
result in nanometric height errors.
Association between neurofibromatosis type 1 and cerebrovascular diseases in children: A systematic review
Authors: Barreto-Duarte Beatriz , Andrade-Gomes Fabiana H. , Arriaga María B. , Araújo-Pereira Mariana , Cubillos-Angulo Juan Manuel , Andrade Bruno B. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is an autosomal dominant disease that affects one in every 3000 individuals. This disease can present a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from skin abnormalities to severe vascular damage. Although not commonly recognized in the context of NF-1, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), can be often present since childhood and diagnosed just later in life. When present, NF-1-associated CVD clinical manifestations may include headache, cognitive deficits and ultimately aneurysm rupture, causing death. Thus, CVD plays an important role in the clinical manifestations, disease severity and prognosis of patients with NF-1. This systematic review aims to summarize the body of evidence linking NF-1 and CVD in children.

Methods
Two independent investigators performed a systematic review on the PubMed and EMBASE search platforms, using the following key terms: “neurofibromatosis type 1”, “Von Recklinghausen’s disease”, "children", "adolescents", "stroke", "Moyamoya disease", "vascular diseases", "cerebrovascular disorders", "aneurysm" and "congenital abnormalities". Studies focused on assessing the development of CVD in children with NF-1 were included.

Results
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Twelve different clinical manifestations have been associated with cerebrovascular changes in children with NF-1; 44,5% of diagnosed patients were asymptomatic.

Conclusion
The available evidence suggests that CVDs are related with the progression of NF-1, even in the absence of a clear clinical manifestation. In addition, improved prognosis was observed when imaging tests were performed to screen for cerebrovascular alterations early during the clinical investigation. Early diagnosis of CVD in NF-1 patients foster implementation of timely interventions, directly impacting clinical outcomes.
Clustering of lifestyle risk factors among adult population in India: A cross-sectional analysis from 2005 to 2016
Authors: Shaikh Rufi , Khan Junaid 
Published: January 2021

Introduction
Individual’s early life style and health behaviors are directly linked to chronic non-communicable diseases. Considering the increased burden of NCDs during the last two decades, the aim of this study is to assess co-occurrence/clustering of lifestyle risk factors and its association with different socio-demographic and economic characteristics among adult men and women in India from 2005–2016.

Methods
This study utilized the data from the National Family Health Survey 2005–06 and 2015–16 survey rounds. Multinomial logistic regression is employed to evaluate co-occurrence of multiple risk factors among adult men and women of different socio-economic and demographic characteristics to identify the subgroups with elevated risk of clustering of multiple unhealthy lifestyle risk factors.

Results
More adult men in India tend to exhibit clustering of multiple non-communicable disease risk factors than females. Individuals between 30–49 years of age, residing in urban areas, the population with no education, separated couples and those from poor economic strata are the specific population subgroups show higher prevalence of co-occurrence of multiple risk factors. The regional pattern of clustering of risk factors shows that the prevalence of co-occurrence of multiple risk factors is higher among men and women from the North-Eastern part of India compared to the other regions of the country.

Conclusion
The prevalence of clustering of multiple risk factors associated with chronic NCDs is substantially high and has increased between 2005–06 to 2015–16. India may therefore experience a significant increase in the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases in the coming years. We therefore conclude that appropriate strategies should be implemented by policy makers and the government to reduce the overall health burden of NCDs due to lifestyle habits.
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL TIME TOKEN BERBANTUAN FLASHCARD TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PPKn KELAS II
Authors: Manunggal Duta Prima 
Published: January 2021

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran PPKn denganmenggunakan model time token berbantuan media flashcard dan model direct instruction berbantuanmedia gambar di kelas II SD Gugus Piere Tendean dan untuk menguji keefektifan model time tokenberbantuan media flashcard daripada model direct instruction berbantuan media gambar terhadap hasilbelajar PPKn materi keberagaman karakteristik individu di sekolah kelas II SD Gugus Piere TendeanKaliwungu Kendal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif jenis penelitian yang digunakanialah eksperimen dan desain nonequivalent control group design. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalahcluster random sampling, dengan sampel sebanyak 51 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan tes,observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa nilai thitung = 3,132, dan ttabel =2,010, karena thitung Ëƒ ttabel (3,132 Ëƒ 2,010) yang berarti model time token berbantuan media flashcardefektif digunakan pada pembelajaran PPKn kelas II SD. Hasil uji n-gain kelas eksperimen lebih tinggiyaitu nilai n-gain kelas kontrol adalah 0,293970401 tergolong kriteria rendah dan nilai n-gain kelaseksperimen adalah 0,39691064 tergolong kriteria sedang. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu modelpembelajaran time token berbantuan media flashcard efektif digunakan pada pembelajaran PPKn siswakelas II SD Gugus Piere Tendean Kaliwungu Kendal.
This study aims to describe the learning outcomes in learning civic education by using a time tokenmodel assisted by flashcard media and direct instruction model assisted by image media in 2nd gradeSD Piere Tendean Cluster and to test the effectiveness of the time token model assisted by aflashcard media a picture of the learning outcomes of the civic education material on the diversity ofindividual characteristics in 2nd grade Primary Schools in the Piere Tendean Kaliwungu Kendalcluster. This research uses quantitative methods, the type of research used is experimental andnonequivalent control group design. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling,with a sample of 51 students. Data collection uses tests, observations and documentation.Hypothesis test results show that the value of t-count = 3.132, and t-table = 2.010, because t-count Ëƒt-table (3.132 Ëƒ 2.010), which means that the time token model assisted by flashcard media iseffectively used in learning the civic education 2nd grade SD. The n-gain test results of theexperimental class were higher namely, the value of the n-gain of the control class was 0.293970401,classified as a low criterion and the n-gain value of the experimental class was 0.39691064, classifiedas a medium criterion. This research concludes that the time token learning model assisted byflashcard media is effectively used in learning civic education for 2nd-grade students of the PrimarySchool in the Kaliwungu Kendal Group.