bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic insights into bacterial metabolic reprogramming from omics-integrated genome-scale models
Authors: Hadadi Noushin , Pandey Vikash , Chiappino-Pepe Anush , Morales Marian , Gallart-Ayala Hector , Mehl Florence , Ivanisevic Julijana , Sentchilo Vladimir , Meer Jan R. van der 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the adaptive responses of individual bacterial strains is crucial for microbiome engineering approaches that introduce new functionalities into complex microbiomes, such as xenobiotic compound metabolism for soil bioremediation. Adaptation requires metabolic reprogramming of the cell, which can be captured by multi-omics, but this data remains formidably challenging to interpret and predict. Here we present a new approach that combines genome-scale metabolic modeling with transcriptomics and exometabolomics, both of which are common tools for studying dynamic population behavior. As a realistic demonstration, we developed a genome-scale model of Pseudomonas veronii 1YdBTEX2, a candidate bioaugmentation agent for accelerated metabolism of mono-aromatic compounds in soil microbiomes, while simultaneously collecting experimental data of P. veronii metabolism during growth phase transitions. Predictions of the P. veronii growth rates and specific metabolic processes from the integrated model closely matched experimental observations. We conclude that integrative and network-based analysis can help build predictive models that accurately capture bacterial adaptation responses. Further development and testing of such models may considerably improve the successful establishment of bacterial inoculants in more complex systems.
Improved kinetic behaviour of Mg(NH2)2-2LiH doped with nanostructured K-modified-LixTiyOz for hydrogen storage
Authors: Gizer Gökhan , Puszkiel Julián , Riglos Maria Victoria Castro , Pistidda Claudio , Ramallo-López José Martín , Mizrahi Martin , Santoru Antonio , Gemming Thomas , Tseng Jo-Chi , Klassen Thomas , Dornheim Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe system Mg(NH2)2 + 2LiH is considered as an interesting solid-state hydrogen storage material owing to its low thermodynamic stability of ca. 40 kJ/mol H2 and high gravimetric hydrogen capacity of 5.6 wt.%. However, high kinetic barriers lead to slow absorption/desorption rates even at relatively high temperatures (>180 °C). In this work, we investigate the effects of the addition of K-modified LixTiyOz on the absorption/desorption behaviour of the Mg(NH2)2 + 2LiH system. In comparison with the pristine Mg(NH2)2 + 2LiH, the system containing a tiny amount of nanostructured K-modified LixTiyOz shows enhanced absorption/desorption behaviour. The doped material presents a sensibly reduced (∼30 °C) desorption onset temperature, notably shorter hydrogen absorption/desorption times and reversible hydrogen capacity of about 3 wt.% H2 upon cycling. Studies on the absorption/desorption processes and micro/nanostructural characterizations of the Mg(NH2)2 + 2LiH + K-modified LixTiyOz system hint to the fact that the presence of in situ formed nanostructure K2TiO3 is the main responsible for the observed improved kinetic behaviour.
Liquid exfoliation of electronic grade ultrathin tin(II) sulfide (SnS) with intriguing optical response
Authors: Sarkar Abdus Salam , Mushtaq Aamir , Kushavah Dushyant , Pal Suman Kalyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) tin(II) monosulfide (SnS) with strong structural anisotropy has been proven to be a phosphorene analog. However, difficulty in isolating a very thin layer of SnS poses challenges in practical utilization. Here, we prepare ultrathin SnS via liquid-phase exfoliation. With transmission electron microscopy, we identify the buckled structure of 2D SnS. We employ temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy to elucidate electron–phonon interactions, which reveals a linear phonon shifts. The active Raman modes of ultrathin SnS exhibit higher sensitivity to temperature than other 2D materials. Moreover, we demonstrate strong light-matter interaction in ultrathin SnS using Z-scan and ultrafast spectroscopy. Rich exciton–exciton and coherent exciton–photon interactions arising from many-particle excited effects in ultrathin SnS eventually enhances the nonlinear optical properties. Our findings highlight the prospects for the synthesis of ultrathin anisotropic SnS towards the betterment of thermoelectric and photonic devices.
The gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni metabolizes sugars with potential help from commensal Bacteroides vulgatus
Authors: Garber Jolene M. , Nothaft Harald , Pluvinage Ben , Stahl Martin , Bian Xiaoming , Porfirio Sara , Enriquez Amber , Butcher James , Huang Hua , Glushka John , Line Eric , Gerlt John A. , Azadi Parastoo , Stintzi Alain , Boraston Alisdair B. , Szymanski Christine M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni was considered asaccharolytic, >50% of sequenced isolates possess an operon for l-fucose utilization. In C. jejuni NCTC11168, this pathway confers l-fucose chemotaxis and competitive colonization advantages in the piglet diarrhea model, but the catabolic steps remain unknown. Here we solved the putative dehydrogenase structure, resembling FabG of Burkholderia multivorans. The C. jejuni enzyme, FucX, reduces l-fucose and d-arabinose in vitro and both sugars are catabolized by fuc-operon encoded enzymes. This enzyme alone confers chemotaxis to both sugars in a non-carbohydrate-utilizing C. jejuni strain. Although C. jejuni lacks fucosidases, the organism exhibits enhanced growth in vitro when co-cultured with Bacteroides vulgatus, suggesting scavenging may occur. Yet, when excess amino acids are available, C. jejuni prefers them to carbohydrates, indicating a metabolic hierarchy exists. Overall this study increases understanding of nutrient metabolism by this pathogen, and identifies interactions with other gut microbes.
Nanoarchitecture and dynamics of the mouse enteric glycocalyx examined by freeze-etching electron tomography and intravital microscopy
Authors: Sun Willy W. , Krystofiak Evan S. , Leo-Macias Alejandra , Cui Runjia , Sesso Antonio , Weigert Roberto , Ebrahim Seham , Kachar Bechara 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe glycocalyx is a highly hydrated, glycoprotein-rich coat shrouding many eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The intestinal epithelial glycocalyx, comprising glycosylated transmembrane mucins, is part of the primary host-microbe interface and is essential for nutrient absorption. Its disruption has been implicated in numerous gastrointestinal diseases. Yet, due to challenges in preserving and visualizing its native organization, glycocalyx structure-function relationships remain unclear. Here, we characterize the nanoarchitecture of the murine enteric glycocalyx using freeze-etching and electron tomography. Micrometer-long mucin filaments emerge from microvillar-tips and, through zigzagged lateral interactions form a three-dimensional columnar network with a 30 nm mesh. Filament-termini converge into globular structures ~30 nm apart that are liquid-crystalline packed within a single plane. Finally, we assess glycocalyx deformability and porosity using intravital microscopy. We argue that the columnar network architecture and the liquid-crystalline packing of the filament termini allow the glycocalyx to function as a deformable size-exclusion filter of luminal contents.
Diversity spectrum analysis identifies mutation-specific effects of cancer driver genes
Authors: Dong Xiaobao , Huang Dandan , Yi Xianfu , Zhang Shijie , Wang Zhao , Yan Bin , Chung Sham Pak , Chen Kexin , Jun Li Mulin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMutation-specific effects of cancer driver genes influence drug responses and the success of clinical trials. We reasoned that these effects could unbalance the distribution of each mutation across different cancer types, as a result, the cancer preference can be used to distinguish the effects of the causal mutation. Here, we developed a network-based framework to systematically measure cancer diversity for each driver mutation. We found that half of the driver genes harbor cancer type-specific and pancancer mutations simultaneously, suggesting that the pervasive functional heterogeneity of the mutations from even the same driver gene. We further demonstrated that the specificity of the mutations could influence patient drug responses. Moreover, we observed that diversity was generally increased in advanced tumors. Finally, we scanned potentially novel cancer driver genes based on the diversity spectrum. Diversity spectrum analysis provides a new approach to define driver mutations and optimize off-label clinical trials.
Relaxion stars and their detection via atomic physics
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Budker Dmitry , Eby Joshua , Kim Hyungjin , Perez Gilad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe cosmological relaxion can address the hierarchy problem, while its coherent oscillations can constitute dark matter in the present universe. We consider the possibility that the relaxion forms gravitationally bound objects that we denote as relaxion stars. The density of these stars would be higher than that of the local dark matter density, resulting in enhanced signals in table-top detectors, among others. Furthermore, we raise the possibility that these objects may be trapped by an external gravitational potential, such as that of the Earth or the Sun. This leads to formation of relaxion halos of even greater density. We discuss several interesting implications of relaxion halos, as well as detection strategies to probe them. Here, we show that current and near-future atomic physics experiments can probe physical models of relaxion dark matter in scenarios of bound relaxion halos around the Earth or Sun.
Diagnosis and Therapy Before Assisted Reproductive Treatments. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S2k Level, AWMF Register Number 015-085, February 2019) – Part 1, Basic Assessment of the Woman
Authors: Toth Bettina , Baston-Büst Dunja Maria , Behre Hermann M , Bielfeld Alexandra , Bohlmann Michael , Bühling Kai , Dittrich Ralf , Goeckenjan Maren , Hancke Katharina , Kliesch Sabine , Köhn Frank-Michael , Krüssel Jan , Kuon Ruben , Liebenthron Jana , Nawroth Frank , Nordhoff Verena , Pinggera Germar-Michael , Rogenhofer Nina , Rudnik-Schöneborn Sabine , Schuppe Hans-Christian , Schüring Andreas , Seifert-Klauss Vanadin , Strowitzki Thomas , Tüttelmann Frank , Vomstein Kilian , Wildt Ludwig , Wischmann Tewes , Wunder Dorothea , Zschocke Johannes 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Supporting and counselling couples with fertility issues prior to starting ART is a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The first German/Austrian/Swiss interdisciplinary S2k guideline on “Diagnosis and Therapy Before Assisted Reproductive Treatments (ART)” was published in February 2019. This guideline was developed in the context of the guidelines program of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) in cooperation with the Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG) and the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG).
Aims One third of the causes of involuntary childlessness are still unclear, even if the woman or man have numerous possible risk factors. Because the topic is still very much taboo, couples may be socially isolated and often only present quite late to a fertility center. At present, there is no standard treatment concept, as currently no standard multidisciplinary procedures exist for the diagnostic workup and treatment of infertility. The aim of this guideline is to provide physicians with evidence-based recommendations for counselling, diagnostic workup and treatment.
Methods This S2k guideline was developed on behalf of the Guidelines Commission of the DGGG by representative members from different professional medical organizations and societies using a structured consensus process.
Recommendations The first part of this guideline focuses on the basic assessment of affected women, including standard anatomical and endocrinological diagnostic procedures and examinations into any potential infections. Other areas addressed in this guideline are the immunological workup with an evaluation of the patientʼs vaccination status, an evaluation of psychological factors, and the collection of data relating to other relevant factors affecting infertility. The second part will focus on explanations of diagnostic procedures compiled in collaboration with specialists from other medical specialties such as andrologists, human geneticists and oncologists.
Preliminary Evaluation of Knee Kinetics in Female Athletes on Hormonal Contraceptives
Authors: Gilmer Gabrielle , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently, an emphasis has been placed on understanding how ovarian sex hormones and hormonal contraceptives affect risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The literature presents large discrepancies in whether or not hormonal contraceptives affect ACL injury risk; therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and knee valgus force are different between athletes who do and do not use hormonal contraceptives. Twenty-two female athletes volunteered to participate and were divided into two groups based on their answers to a health history questionnaire: those who use hormonal contraceptives and those who do not. Participants performed a drop vertical jump (DVJ) and single leg crossover dropdown (SCD) at two different time points in their menstrual cycle (pre-ovulatory phase and mid-luteal phase). Kinetic data were collected at 1000 Hz. Independent samples t-tests revealed no significant differences between groups in vertical GRF and knee valgus force at both time points. Findings from this study suggest that hormonal contraceptives do not elicit detectable changes in vertical GRF and knee valgus force. Ultimately, this calls for further studies on the relationship between hormones and ACL injury risk and physicians to consider hormonal screening in addition to neuromuscular and biomechanical screening.
Translational Highlights in Breast and Ovarian Cancer 2019 – Immunotherapy, DNA Repair, PI3K Inhibition and CDK4/6 Therapy
Authors: Hartkopf Andreas D. , Müller Volkmar , Wöckel Achim , Lux Michael P. , Janni Wolfgang , Ettl Johannes , Belleville Erik , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Welslau Manfred , Overkamp Friedrich , Taran Florin-Andrei , Brucker Sara Y. , Wallwiener Markus , Tesch Hans , Fehm Tanja N. , Schneeweiss Andreas , Lüftner Diana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the near future, important translational questions of clinical relevance will be adressed by studies currently in progress. On the one hand, the role of PD-L1 expression must be further understood, after it was found to be relevant in the use of atezolizumab in first-line therapy of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). No association between efficacy and PD-L1 expression was found in a neoadjuvant study that included pembrolizumab in TNBC. The pathological complete response rate (pCR) was higher in both patient groups with and without PD-L1 expression when pembrolizumab was added to chemotherapy. Another future question is the identification of further patient groups in which efficacy of PARP inhibitors is seen, which are licensed for the pBRCA1/2 germline mutation. These include, for example, patients with mutations in other genes, which are involved in homologous recombination, or patients with tumours that show an abnormality in global tests of homologous recombination deficiencies (HRD tests). The question of whether a PARP inhibitor can be given and with which chemotherapy combination partners is currently being investigated in both breast and ovarian cancer. While the data on improved overall survival are being consolidated for the CDK4/6 inhibitors, knowledge of molecular changes during the therapy and during progression on the therapy is growing. Both the accumulation of PI3K mutations and also PTEN changes might play a part in planning subsequent therapies. This review article summarises these recent developments in breast cancer and in part also in ovarian cancer.
Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen
Authors: Feldkamp Joachim 
Published: January 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei den Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörungen sind Hyperthyreosen in der Klinik bedeutsamer als Hypothyreosen. Ursachen der Hyperthyreose sind bei jüngeren Menschen der Morbus Basedow und bei älteren Menschen eher autonome Funktionsstörungen; seltener sind Kontrastmittel- und Medikamenten-induzierte Hyperthyreosen. Hyperthyreosen werden initial mit Thyreostatika behandelt. Symptomatisch können ergänzend Betablocker gegeben werden. Die hyperthyreote Initialphase einer Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis oder die Hyperthyreose bei subakuter Thyreoiditis wird lediglich symptomatisch therapiert. Je nach Ursache kann mittelfristig eine Radiojodtherapie oder eine Schilddrüsenresektion notwendig werden. Das hypothyreote Koma ist sehr selten und bedarf intensivmedizinischer Behandlung. Leichte TSH-Erhöhungen können zunächst im Verlauf kontrolliert werden und müssen nicht immer behandelt werden. Auf der Intensivstation wird nicht selten ein low T3-/low T4-Syndrom (non-thyroidal illness-syndrome) beobachtet. Dieses benötigt meist keine Therapie.
Schilddrüse und Schwangerschaft
Authors: Frank-Raue Karin 
Published: January 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der Schwangerschaft nimmt die Produktion von Thyroxin um etwa 50 % zu, der Jodbedarf steigt, das Schilddrüsenvolumen nimmt zu. Die Therapie von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen betrifft Mutter und Kind, die Plazentagängigkeit von Jod, Thyreostatika und TSH-Rezeptorantikörpern in höheren Titern ist zu beachten, Thyroxin ist nur partiell plazentagängig.Im 1. Trimenon ist die meist milde durch hCG-Stimulation bedingte Schwangerschaftshyperthyreose die häufigste Ursache einer Hyperthyreose, sie ist meist nicht behandlungsbedürftig. Die Hyperthyreose bei M. Basedow tritt in etwa 0,2 % der Schwangerschaften auf; Therapieindikation ist die manifeste Hyperthyreose. In der Frühschwangerschaft wird mit Propylthiouracil, ab dem 2. Trimenon mit Methimazol/Carbimazol behandelt.Die Hypothyreose der Mutter ist mit Schwangerschaftskomplikationen und Entwicklungsstörungen des Kindes assoziiert. Die Thyroxindosis muss bereits in der Frühschwangerschaft erhöht werden. Die Behandlung von TSH-Spiegeln zwischen 2,5–4 mIU/l verbessert weder die Abortrate noch die fetale kognitive Entwicklung. Eine L-Thyroxintherapie ist ab einer TSH-Erhöhung von 4 mIU/l indiziert.
Standard changing news der Senologie und der Gynäkologischen Onkologie 2019
Authors: Preuß Caroline , Hein Alexander , Beckmann Matthias W. , Jud Sebastian M. 
Published: January 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm onkologischen Jahr 2018/2019 gab es im Bereich der Senologie und der gynäkologischen Onkologie zahlreiche Studienergebnisse, die zu neuen Arzneimittelzulassungen und zu Änderungen und Ergänzungen bestehender Therapiekonzepte führten. Die personalisierte Medizin ist weiter auf dem Vormarsch, molekularbiologische und genetische Eigenschaften fließen zunehmend in die Therapieentscheidung mit ein.Neue Therapiekonzepte werden in neoadjuvanter und adjuvanter Behandlungsintention überprüft. Doch auch die Weiterentwicklung bestehender Therapiekonzepte und der Einsatz neuer Therapeutika in Patientenkollektiven mit fortgeschrittener Tumorerkrankung mit zahlreichen Vortherapien rücken weiter in den Fokus. Die Lebensqualität der Patientinnen, die Verträglichkeit der geprüften Therapie und auch die Toxizitäten bekommen zunehmend eine höhere Gewichtung in der Bewertung von Studienergebnissen. Die kritische Überprüfung von Therapieschemata mit der Fragestellung, welche Patientinnen möglicherweise übertherapiert werden und die Deeskalation im Bereich der Therapieintensität und Therapiedauer schreiten voran.Der folgende Artikel soll gegliedert in Mammakarzinom, Ovarialkarzinom, Zervixkarzinom und Endometriumkarzinom einen Überblick über die neuesten Entwicklungen und aktuellsten wissenschaftlichen Daten des jeweiligen Malignoms vermitteln. Die wichtigsten Key Massages sind am Ende des jeweiligen Abschnittes zusammengefasst.
Outcomes of Primary versus Multiple-Staged Repair in Hirschsprung's Disease in England
Authors: Giuliani Stefano , Honeyford Kate , Chang Chieh-Yu , Bottle Alex , Aylin Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction The study aimed to compare 1-year outcomes for primary versus multiple-staged (three operations with colostomy) repairs in Hirschsprung's disease (HD).
Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of a large national administrative database (Hospital Episode Statistics) including all the neonates born with HD in England between 2003 and 2015. Main outcomes were: 1-year mortality, postoperative readmissions, and reoperations. Secondary outcomes: cumulative length of hospital stay (cLOS) and hospital volume–outcome relationship.
Results A total of 1,333 neonates with HD were treated in 21 specialist pediatric surgical centers; 874 (65.5%) patients had a primary repair for HD. One-year mortality was 2.8%. The overall readmission rate was 70.2%, with a significant difference between primary and multiple-staged repair (79.9 vs. 90.1%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in reoperation. Primary pull-through was associated with a significantly lower probability of postoperative readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06–0.11, p < 0.001) and cLOS (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.28–0.52, p < 0.001) compared with multiple-staged repair. There were no significant difference in outcomes between patients treated in low-volume (<37 cases/year) and high-volume (> 55 cases/year) specialist centers.
Conclusion Whenever clinically indicated, primary repair should be used in HD as this is associated with fewer readmissions and shorter time spent in the hospital.
Mode of Delivery Does Not Influence Postpartum Hypercoagulability Measured by Thrombin Generation or Thromboelastometry
Authors: Guimicheva Boriana , Roberts Lara N. , Patel Jignesh P. , Subramanian Devi , Arya Roopen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of maternal mortality with the greatest risk postpartum. Mode of delivery influences VTE risk, with emergency caesarean section (CS) associated with the highest risk (CS). Thromboprophylaxis is recommended for selected women to reduce the risk of VTE.We aimed to investigate the impact of mode of delivery and thromboprophylaxis on hypercoagulability as measured by thromboelastometry (TEM) and thrombin generation (TG) in women at high VTE risk.
Materials and Methods Blood was collected from 99 pregnant women with VTE risk factors at up to five time points from pre- (T1) and post (T2)-delivery to 6 weeks postpartum (T5). Multiple linear regression was utilised to compare TG and TEM between those with vaginal delivery (VD) and CS at each time point. Paired sample t-test with post hoc Bonferroni correction was utilised to compare laboratory markers over time.
Results Women in both groups had a median of three postpartum VTE risk factors, with higher body mass index and parity post-VD. In both the groups, TG and TEM parameters suggested hypercoagulability at T2 compared with T1, with resolution at T5. There were minimal differences between groups, apart from T2 with shorter clot formation time and higher maximum clot firmness in the VD group.
Conclusion TG and TEM illustrate hypercoagulability associated with pregnancy and delivery. The pattern of postpartum hypercoagulability seen in women with VTE risk factors was similar irrespective of mode of delivery. Further research is required to establish the effect of labour on TG/TEM in the absence of low molecular weight heparin use.