bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimiser la doctrine de don d’une Fondation par une mesure de socio-efficience : le cas de la FAPE ENGIE
Authors: Bruna Maria Giuseppina , Ben Lahouel Béchir 
Published: May 2020

La mesure de l’impact social des entreprises d’insertion fait l’objet d’une attention accrue de la part des donateurs et des pouvoirs publics. Il s’agit là d’apprécier les conditions d’efficience de l’acte de don et d’envisager les mécanismes d’optimisation de son empreinte sociétale. Soucieux de répondre aux invitations de chercheurs en entrepreneuriat social, de professionnels de l’insertion et d’entreprises donatrices, cet article propose un outil de mesure d’impact et de benchmarking d’entreprises de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Contribution à une heuristique de l’inclusion, il poursuit un double dessein : scientifique (développement des connaissances, perfectionnement des méthodes et des outils) et humaniste (contribution à l’optimisation de la socio-efficience des dispositifs d’insertion). Empirically-grounded , l’article adopte l’approche Data Envelopement Analysis (DEA) afin d’offrir une méthode fiable de mesure de la socio-efficience des structures d’insertion sociale par l’activité économique. Qui plus est, la DEA permet une opérationnalisation de la théorie du changement. Cette méthode est appliquée à un panel de structures d’insertion par l’activité économique accompagnées financièrement par la Fondation ENGIE « Agir pour l’Emploi » (FAPE). Et ce, afin d’éclairer la future politique d’arbitrage de la Fondation et de sous-tendre un ajustement mélioriste de ses doctrines de don. La mobilisation de l’approche DEA permet de renouveler la stratégie d’investissement de la fondation en ciblant les structures les plus efficientes au plan social, soit celles cumulant une forte capacité d’innovation et une morphologie réticulaire.
Identifying Risk Factors for Pressure Injury in Adult Critical Care Patients
Authors: Cox Jill , Schallom Marilyn , Jung Christy 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundCritically ill patients have a variety of unique risk factors for pressure injury. Identification of these risk factors is essential to prevent pressure injury in this population.ObjectiveTo identify factors predicting the development of pressure injury in critical care patients using a large data set from the PhysioNet MIMIC-III (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care) clinical database.MethodsData for 1460 patients were extracted from the database. Variables that were significant in bivariate analyses were used in a final logistic regression model. A final set of significant variables from the logistic regression was used to develop a decision tree model.ResultsIn regression analysis, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, pneumonia or influenza, cardiovascular surgery, hemodialysis, norepinephrine administration, hypotension, septic shock, moderate to severe malnutrition, sex, age, and Braden Scale score on admission to the intensive care unit were all predictive of pressure injury. Decision tree analysis revealed that patients who received norepinephrine, were older than 65 years, had a length of stay of 10 days or less, and had a Braden Scale score of 15 or less had a 63.6% risk of pressure injury.ConclusionDetermining pressure injury risk in critically ill patients is complex and challenging. One common pathophysiological factor is impaired tissue oxygenation and perfusion, which may be nonmodifiable. Improved risk quantification is needed and may be realized in the near future by leveraging the clinical information available in the electronic medical record through the power of predictive analytics.
Translation into Spanish and Cultural Adaptation of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool
Authors: Arroyo-Novoa Carmen Mabel , Figueroa-Ramos Milagros I. , Puntillo Kathleen A. , Gélinas Céline 
Published: May 2020

Background
The Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) is recommended for evaluating pain behaviors in patients in the intensive care unit who are unable to report pain. The source of the only published Spanish version of the CPOT does not verify that it underwent a formal translation process.

Objective
To describe the translation into Spanish and cultural adaptation of the original French version of the CPOT.

Methods
Key persons in the translation process included one with a master’s degree in translation, a critical care physician, nurse faculty members with vast experience in intensive care units, and the instrument’s developer. This team followed the Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures as a guide to translate and culturally adapt the CPOT.

Results
The first Spanish-language version was back translated to French and was also compared with the English version. Revisions necessitated a second version, which was submitted to experts in critical care. Their modifications required a third version, which was back translated to French and discussed with the CPOT developer, after which a fourth version was created. Finally, a linguistic expert proofread the tool, and the translation leaders incorporated the recommendations, thereby obtaining a final Spanish version.

Conclusion
The Spanish version is ready to undergo validation with patients in the intensive care unit, which is the next step toward its use in assessing pain behaviors among patients in intensive care units where Spanish is spoken.
Cognitive Dysfunction in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) – A Tertiary Care Center Study
Authors: Chawla Tanushree , Chaudhry Neera , Puri Vinod 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim:
Epilepsy often leads to cognitive impairment. Idiopathic generalized epilepsy as a group is considered to be benign in terms of its effects on cognition. Though, neuropsychological testing reveals subtle frontal impairment in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). The aim of this study is to evaluate cognitive dysfunction in patients with JME.

Method:
We compared 50 JME patients and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls above 12 years of age on various cognitive tests which included Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Executive Interview (EXIT), PGI Memory Scale (PGIMS), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Cube copying test (CCT), and Nahor Benson Test (NBT). We correlated the cognitive dysfunction with education level, age of onset, duration of epilepsy, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, treatment, and seizure control status.

Results:
JME patients performed significantly worse on MMSE (P = 0.001), PGI MS (P value = 0.001), FAB (P =.001), EXIT (P =.001), CDT (P =.02), and CCT (P =.001) when compared to the controls. JME patients had impaired attention, verbal fluency, design fluency, verbal memory, visual memory, conceptualization, set shifting, mental flexibility, response inhibition, and visuospatial functions. Cognitive dysfunction correlated with education level, duration of epilepsy and EEG abnormality. No correlation was seen with seizure frequency or type of antiepileptic therapy.

Conclusions:
JME patients demonstrate both frontal and parietooccipital lobe dysfunction. Hence detailed higher mental function tests supplemented by functional neuroimaging studies should be done in JME patients for their comprehensive management. This would also enhance our knowledge about the pathogenesis of JME.
Assessment of adherence to medication during chronic illnesses in pregnancy
Authors: Sontakke Smita , Takalikar Vrushali , Deshmukh Jitendra , Motghare Vijay M. , Kalikar Mrunalini , Turankar Avinash 
Published: May 2020

Purpose/Aim:
To evaluate adherence to medication in chronic illnesses during pregnancy and to identify factors responsible for non-adherence.

Methods:
This was a prospective, cross-sectional, questionnaire based study initiated after approval of the institutional ethics committee. Pregnant women suffering from any chronic illness (except HIV) were questioned to evaluate adherence to medication in chronic illnesses during pregnancy and to detect factors responsible for non-adherence using a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire. Adherence to medication was also assessed using 4-item Morisky's medication adherence scale.

Results:
Rate of high adherence was significantly more (58.77%) with medications for chronic illness compared to medications for normal pregnancy (15.78%). Majority of women were more concerned about the chronic illness and believed that keeping the chronic illness under control is more important for normal growth of the baby. Unawareness about usefulness of each medicine and forgetfulness were the most common reasons for non-adherence to medications. Not taking prescribed dose was the most common type of non-adherence. Level of adherence positively correlated with level of education while it was inversely related to number of tablets per day.

Conclusion:
Higher adherence to medications for chronic illnesses during pregnancy is an encouraging finding but at the same time poor adherence to medications for normal pregnancy is a matter of concern. Most of the issues responsible for non-adherence to medication as reported in this study can be resolved to a significant extent by planning and implementing interventions aimed at improving adherence to treatment during pregnancy in which health professionals play a major role.
Treatment outcome of different antiretroviral drug regimens in HIV-positive pregnant women
Authors: Chauhan Nidhi , Desai Mira , Shah Samidh , Shah Asha , Gadhavi Rajendra 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
The objective of the study was to compare the maternal and fetal outcomes of currently preferred tenofovir-based regimen with previous zidovudine-based regimen and also to determine whether the time of starting antiretroviral therapy (ART), whether it can affect the pregnancy and fetal outcome.

Materials and Methods:
Pregnant patients prescribed any of the above regimens were followed up every month till delivery and newborns for initial 6 months. Maternal endpoints were body weight, hemoglobin, and CD4 count, whereas fetal endpoints were birth weight, Apgar score, body weight, and HIV status at 6 months. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and unpaired t-test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A significant increase in CD4 count was observed in patients treated with both the regimens at 12 months as compared to baseline (P < 0.001 and 0.05). Moreover, a significant increase in CD4 count was observed at 12 months as compared to baseline, whether treatment was started before or after the diagnosis of pregnancy (P < 0.05 and 0.001). A significant difference in mean body weight at the end of 9 months was observed in patients wherein ART was started before or after the diagnosis of pregnancy (P < 0.005). Majority of patients had a favorable maternal outcome, while fetal birth weight, Apgar score, body weight, and HIV status were comparable at 6 months irrespective of treatment and time of starting ART.

Conclusion:
All ART regimens are equally effective in terms of increase in CD4 count, gestational gain in body weight, and pregnancy and fetal outcome. Furthermore, there is no significant difference in efficacy, pregnancy, and fetal outcome in women who were already on ART when diagnosed pregnancy or who were started ART later in antenatal period.
Learning Poker in Different Communities of Practice: A Qualitative Analysis of Poker Players’ Learning Processes and the Norms in Different Learning Communities
Authors: Talberg Niri 
Published: May 2020

Several studies have focused on some of the skill elements needed to become a successful poker player, but few have described the poker players’ learning processes. No studies have used a learning theory to analyse poker players’ variety of learning methods or analysed whether the competitive and deceptive nature of the poker game have an impact on the players’ learning outcome. This article examines 15 poker players’ learning processes and how the players enter different learning communities of practice, arguing that different communities have different norms. In a friendly community of practice, the players were generous in helping each other and revealed secrets so that the group could grow together. In the competitive community of practice, the players were more cautious, and misleading information was common. Online poker, as well as new technology, has made several new artefacts (learning tools) available for poker players, and their main contribution is to reveal information that was previously unavailable. Because poker is a game of information, it greatly affects the players’ learning potential. RésuméPlusieurs études ont mis l’accent sur certaines compétences nécessaires pour devenir un joueur de poker performant, mais peu ont décrit les processus d’apprentissage suivis par les joueurs de poker. Aucune étude n’a utilisé de théorie de l’apprentissage pour analyser la diversité des méthodes d’apprentissage des joueurs de poker ni pour déterminer si la nature compétitive et illusoire du jeu de poker a une incidence sur les résultats d’apprentissage des joueurs. Cet article examine les processus d’apprentissage de 15 joueurs de poker et leur entrée dans différentes communautés de pratiques d’apprentissage. On y explique que différentes communautés possèdent différentes normes. Dans une communauté de pratique conviviale, les joueurs s’entraident et révèlent des secrets afin que le groupe puisse grandir ensemble. Dans une communauté de pratique compétitive, les joueurs sont sur leur garde, et les informations trompeuses sont monnaie courante. Le poker en ligne ainsi que les nouvelles technologies ont mis plusieurs nouveaux outils d’apprentissage à la disposition des joueurs de poker. Leur principale contribution est de révéler des informations qui, auparavant, n’étaient pas disponibles. Étant donné que le poker est un jeu d’information, le potentiel d’apprentissage des joueurs en est grandement affecté.
Downward cloud venting of the central African biomass burning plume during the West Africa summer monsoon
Authors: Dajuma Alima , Ogunjobi Kehinde O. , Vogel Heike , Knippertz Peter , Silué Siélé , N'Datchoh Evelyne Touré , Yoboué Véronique , Vogel Bernhard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Between June and September large amounts of biomass burning
aerosol are released into the atmosphere from agricultural fires in central
and southern Africa. Recent studies have suggested that this plume is
carried westward over the Atlantic Ocean at altitudes between 2 and 4 km and
then northward with the monsoon flow at low levels to increase the
atmospheric aerosol load over coastal cities in southern West Africa (SWA),
thereby exacerbating air pollution problems. However, the processes by which
these fire emissions are transported into the planetary boundary layer (PBL)
are still unclear. One potential factor is the large-scale subsidence
related to the southern branch of the monsoon Hadley cell over the tropical
Atlantic. Here we use convection-permitting model simulations with COSMO-ART
to investigate for the first time the contribution of downward mixing
induced by clouds, a process we refer to as downward cloud venting in
contrast to the more common process of upward transport from a polluted PBL.
Based on a monthly climatology, model simulations compare satisfactory with
wind fields from reanalysis data, cloud observations, and satellite-retrieved carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio. For a case study on 2 July
2016, modelled clouds and rainfall show overall good agreement with Spinning
Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) cloud products and Global
Precipitation Measurement Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (GPM-IMERG)
rainfall estimates. However, there is a tendency for the model to produce
too much clouds and rainfall over the Gulf of Guinea. Using the CO
dispersion as an indicator for the biomass burning plume, we identify
individual mixing events south of the coast of Côte d'Ivoire due to
midlevel convective clouds injecting parts of the biomass burning plume into
the PBL. Idealized tracer experiments suggest that around 15 % of the CO
mass from the 2–4 km layer is mixed below 1 km within 2 d over the
Gulf of Guinea and that the magnitude of the cloud venting is modulated by
the underlying sea surface temperatures. There is even stronger vertical
mixing when the biomass burning plume reaches land due to daytime heating
and a deeper PBL. In that case, the long-range-transported biomass burning
plume is mixed with local anthropogenic emissions. Future work should
provide more robust statistics on the downward cloud venting effect over the
Gulf of Guinea and include aspects of aerosol deposition.
Senescence as the main driver of iodide release from a diverse range of marine phytoplankton
Authors: Hepach Helmke , Hughes Claire , Hogg Karen , Collings Susannah , Chance Rosie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The reaction between ozone and iodide at the sea surface is now
known to be an important part of atmospheric ozone cycling, causing ozone
deposition and the release of ozone-depleting reactive iodine to the
atmosphere. The importance of this reaction is reflected by its inclusion in
chemical transport models (CTMs). Such models depend on accurate sea surface
iodide fields, but measurements are spatially and temporally limited. Hence,
the ability to predict current and future sea surface iodide fields, i.e. sea surface iodide concentration on a narrow global grid, requires the
development of process-based models. These models require a thorough
understanding of the key processes that control sea surface iodide. The aim
of this study was to explore if there are common features of iodate-to-iodide reduction amongst diverse marine phytoplankton in order to develop
models that focus on sea surface iodine and iodine release to the
troposphere. In order to achieve this, rates and patterns of changes in
inorganic iodine speciation were determined in 10 phytoplankton cultures
grown at ambient iodate concentrations. Where possible these data were
analysed alongside results from previous studies. Iodate loss and some
iodide production were observed in all cultures studied, confirming that
this is a widespread feature amongst marine phytoplankton. We found no
significant difference in log-phase, cell-normalised iodide production rates
between key phytoplankton groups (diatoms, prymnesiophytes including
coccolithophores and phaeocystales), suggesting that a phytoplankton
functional type (PFT) approach would not be appropriate for building an
ocean iodine cycling model. Iodate loss was greater than iodide formation in
the majority of the cultures studied, indicating the presence of an as-yet-unidentified “missing iodine” fraction. Iodide yield at the end of the
experiment was significantly greater in cultures that had reached a later
senescence stage. This suggests that models should incorporate a lag between
peak phytoplankton biomass and maximum iodide production and that cell
mortality terms in biogeochemical models could be used to parameterise
iodide production.
Spatial and temporal patterns of global soil heterotrophic respiration in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Tang Xiaolu , Fan Shaohui , Du Manyi , Zhang Wenjie , Gao Sicong , Liu Shibin , Chen Guo , Yu Zhen , Yang Wunian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Soil heterotrophic respiration (RH) is one of the largest
and most uncertain components of the terrestrial carbon cycle, directly
reflecting carbon loss from soils to the atmosphere. However, high
variations and uncertainties of RH existing in global carbon cycling models
require RH estimates from different angles, e.g., a data-driven angle. To
fill this knowledge gap, this study applied a Random Forest (RF) algorithm
(a machine learning approach) to (1) develop a globally gridded RH dataset
and (2) investigate its spatial and temporal patterns from 1980 to 2016 at
the global scale by linking field observations from the Global Soil
Respiration Database and global environmental drivers (temperature,
precipitation, soil water content, etc.). Finally, a globally gridded RH
dataset was developed covering from 1980 to 2016 with a spatial resolution
of half a degree and a temporal resolution of 1 year. Globally, the average
annual RH was 57.2±0.6 Pg C a−1 from 1980 to 2016, with a
significantly increasing trend of 0.036±0.007 Pg C a−2. However,
the temporal trend of the carbon loss from RH varied in climate zones, and
RH showed a significant and increasing trend in boreal and temperate areas.
In contrast, such a trend was absent in tropical regions. Temperature-driven
RH dominated 39 % of global land and was primarily distributed at high-latitude areas. The areas dominated by precipitation and soil water
content were mainly semiarid and tropical areas, accounting for 36 % and
25 % of global land area, respectively, suggesting variations in the
dominance of environmental controls on the spatial patterns of RH. The
developed globally gridded RH dataset will further aid in the understanding of
the mechanisms of global soil carbon dynamics, serving as a benchmark to
constrain terrestrial biogeochemical models. The dataset is publicly
available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8882567
(Tang et al., 2019a).
Factors associated with the nutritional status of children under-five years of age with diarrhoea in Ohangwena Region, Namibia
Authors: Bauleth Maria Francineth , Mitonga Honore Kabwebwe , Pinehas Lusia Ndahambelela 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: This study aims at assessing the nutritional status of children under-five years of age with acute diarrhoea, determine the prevalence of malnutrition and identifying factors associated with undernutrition among children under 5 years old in Ohangwena Region, Namibia.Methods: Cross-sectional, non-interventional study was conducted. A structured questionnaire was administered through face to face interviews. A total of 530 children under-five years from 530 households were included in this study. The nutritional index was measured based on Child Growth Standards proposed by WHO. The anthropometric measures used included mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight-for-age Z score (WAZ). Logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with the prevalence of malnutrition.Results: The overall prevalence of diarrhoea among the children under-five years was 24%, of these, 77% were suffering from malnutrition. Malnutrition prevalence was observed to be significantly associated with a child suffering from diarrhoea (p < .05) and children aged between 12-23 months p .001. Equally, the highest prevalence of malnutrition 29.4% [95% CI = 24.65; 34.15] was found amongst children under-five years old with mothers/caregivers aged 18-30 years. The strongest predictor of malnutrition was the mother/caregiver not being an educated recording odds ratio of 20.2.Conclusions: This study identified the need to develop and intensify strategies that may improve nutritional status in children under-five years such as health education, improved literacy, and women empowerment.