bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Not So Simple Stellar System ω Cen. II. Evidence in Support of a Merging Scenario
Authors: Calamida Annalisa , Zocchi Alice , Bono Giuseppe , Ferraro Ivan , Mastrobuono-Battisti Alessandra , Saha Abhijit , Iannicola Giacinto , Rest Armin , Strampelli Giovanni , Zenteno Alfredo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present multiband photometry covering ∼5° × 5° across ω Cen collected with the Dark Energy Camera on the 4 m Blanco telescope, combined with Hubble Space Telescope and Wide Field Imager data for the central regions. The unprecedented photometric accuracy and field coverage allows us to confirm the different spatial distribution of blue and red main-sequence stars, and of red giant branch (RGB) stars with different metallicities. The ratio of the number of blue to red main-sequence stars shows that the blue main-sequence stellar subpopulation has a more extended spatial distribution compared to the red main-sequence one, with the frequency of blue main-sequence stars increasing at a distance of ∼20′ from ω Cen’s center. Similarly, the more metal-rich RGB stars show a more extended spatial distribution compared to the more metal-poor ones in the outskirts of the cluster. Moreover, the centers of the distributions of metal-rich and metal-poor RGB stars are shifted in different directions with respect to the geometrical center of ω Cen. We constructed stellar density profiles for the blue and red main-sequence stars; they show that the blue main-sequence stellar subpopulation has a more extended spatial distribution compared to the red main-sequence one in the outskirts of ω Cen, confirming the results based on the number ratio. We also computed the ellipticity profile of ω Cen, which has a maximum value of 0.16 at a distance of ∼8′ from the center, and a minimum of 0.05 at ∼30′; the average ellipticity is ∼0.10. The circumstantial evidence presented in this work suggests a merging scenario for the formation of the peculiar stellar system ω Cen.
Architecture of Three-planet Systems Predicted from the Observed Protoplanetary Disk of HL Tau
Authors: Wang 汪 Shijie 士杰 , Kanagawa 金川 Kazuhiro D. 和弘 , Hayashi 林 Toshinori 利憲 , Suto 須 Yasushi 藤靖 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A number of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) observed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array potentially provide direct examples of initial conditions for planetary systems. In particular, the HL Tau disk has been intensively studied, and its rings/gaps are conventionally interpreted to be a result of unseen massive planets embedded in the gaps. Based on this interpretation, we carried out N-body simulations to investigate the orbital evolution of planets within the PPD and after disk dispersal. Before disk dispersal, our N-body simulations include both migration and mass growth of the planet coupled with the evolution of the disk. By varying the disk parameters, we produce a variety of widely separated planetary systems consisting of three super-Jupiters at the end of disk dispersal. We found that the outer planet is more massive than the inner one, and the migration of the innermost planet is inefficient due to the accretion of outer planet(s). We also showed how the final configuration and the final planetary mass depend on disk parameters. The migration is found to be convergent, and no planet pair has a period ratio less than 2. After disk dispersal, we switch to purely gravitational N-body simulations and integrate the orbits up to 10 Gyr. Most simulated systems remain stable for at least 10 Gyr. We discuss the implications of our result in terms of the observed widely separated planetary systems HR 8799 and PDS 70.
Exemplars, Institutions, and Self-Knowledge in Schopenhauer as Educator
Authors: Golob Sacha 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
This article provides a new analysis of Nietzsche's vision of pedagogy in Schopenhauer as Educator. I examine the institutional threats faced by education as he sees them from 1872 onward, focusing on how his account of conformity moves beyond Enlightenment treatments of that topic. I next consider the role exemplars might play in combatting those threats, arguing that Nietzsche develops a distinctive affective and epistemological model of exemplarity and its role in the learning process. I show how this tracks his own engagement with Schopenhauer from the first encounter to Schopenhauer as Educator. I close with the question of how an exemplar is to be identified: this links closely, I suggest, to Nietzsche's changing views on love.
Successful Surgical Correction of Congenital Colonic Duplication and Anogenital Cleft in a Cat
Authors: Fruehwald Christina , Ellison Gary 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
A 17 wk old sexually intact female domestic shorthair kitten presented for an anogenital cleft and enlarged colon. The cat had experienced bacterial cystitis and constipation since weaning. Contrast referral images revealed an enlarged colon with a patent anus. Clinical examination revealed an anogenital cleft with a common anovulvar orifice. The rectum was patent upon digital rectal palpation, and fecal contamination of the vulva was present. Abdominal radiographs revealed two distinct colons, both filled with a moderate amount of formed fecal material. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed segmental duplication of the descending colon with a dominant right colon and a smaller accessary left colon. The two structures conjoined at the transverse colon proximally and at the pubic brim distally. A common anogenital orifice with anovulvar communication was also noted. The anogenital cleft malformation was successfully repaired surgically. A celiotomy was performed to remove the smaller accessory colon. An ovariectomy and partial hysterectomy were also performed. The patient recovered uneventfully and showed no gross evidence of recurrent cystitis or urinary or fecal incontinence postoperatively. This is believed to be the first report of a congenital anogenital cleft and complete communicating colonic duplication in a cat.
Spontaneous Regression of a Mandibular Plasmacytoma in a Juvenile Dog: A Case Report
Authors: Villedieu Erika , Beck Samuel , Findji Laurent 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTA 4 mo old female Finnish lapphund presented for further investigation of a swelling of the right rostral mandible. A computed tomography scan showed the swelling to be an expansile and osteolytic mandibular lesion. Histopathology revealed a poorly differentiated, moderately well-demarcated, unencapsulated, highly infiltrative round cell neoplasm, and immunohistochemistry was supportive of a plasmacytoma. Performance of a rostral partial mandibulectomy was initially discussed with the owners, but the lesion improved spontaneously both clinically and on repeated computed tomography scanning before surgery could be performed. It subsequently almost completely resolved 6 mo after diagnosis. Hypotheses for spontaneous regression of the lesion are discussed and the human literature is briefly reviewed.
Cholelithiasis in the Dog: Prevalence, Clinical Presentation, and Outcome
Authors: Ward Patricia M. , Brown Kieran , Hammond Gawain , Parkin Tim , Bouyssou Sarah , Coia Mark , Nurra Genziana , Ridyard Alison E. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTCanine cholelithiasis is considered to be an uncommon condition and is frequently cited as being an incidental finding. However, there is a paucity of contemporary literature to support these assertions. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to report the prevalence, clinical presentation, and long-term follow-up of cholelithiasis in dogs. The electronic database at the Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow was searched to identify dogs that were diagnosed with cholelithiasis on ultrasound between 2010 and 2018. Sixty-eight dogs were identified, giving an overall prevalence of cholelithiasis in our hospital of 0.97% (confidence interval 0.76–1.22%). Medical records of 61 dogs were available for review. Cholelithiasis was classified as an incidental finding in 53 (86.9%) dogs, with 8 (13.1%) dogs being classified as symptomatic, having complications of cholelithiasis that included biliary duct obstruction, biliary peritonitis, emphysematous cholecystitis, and acute cholecystitis. Follow-up was available for 39 dogs, with only 3 dogs (7.7%) developing complications attributed to cholelithiasis, including biliary duct obstruction and acute cholecystitis, within the subsequent 2 yr. Cholelithiasis is an uncommon but frequently incidental finding in dogs. Within the follow-up period, few of the dogs with incidental cholelithiasis went on to be become symptomatic.
Excessive Cyclosporine-Associated Immunosuppression in a Dog Heterozygous for the MDR1 (ABCB1-1Δ) Mutation
Authors: Mackin Andrew J. , Riggs Caitlin , Beatty Todd , Mealey Katrina , Boothe Dawn , Archer Todd 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Pharmacodynamic monitoring was used to titrate cyclosporine dosing in a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Development of a suspected secondary infection, with subsequent discovery of an unexpectedly high level of T-cell suppression despite a relatively low cyclosporine dose, prompted an investigation into the cause of possible excessive immunosuppression. Blood cyclosporine concentrations were within expected target ranges, and the dog was determined to be heterozygous for the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1; ATP-binding cassette sub family B member 1-1Δ) gene mutation. The MDR1 mutation was suspected to have contributed to the excessive immunosuppression experienced by this patient. This case highlights the need to monitor immunosuppressive therapy in the individual patient, especially when the patient is not responding to therapy at typical dosages or when secondary infections develop at dosages lower than expected to cause significant immunosuppression. Pharmacodynamic monitoring can be used to help identify unexpected excessive immunosuppression in dogs receiving cyclosporine, and MDR1 genotyping should be further explored as a potential method of predicting and preventing its occurrence.
Pediatric road traffic injuries in Qatar: Evidence for a developmental stage approach to road safety
Authors: Consunji Rafael , Malik Shahnaz , El-Menyar Ayman , Mollazehi Monira , Al-Thani Hassan , Peralta Ruben 
Published: March 2020

Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death in Qatar but their epidemiology in children has not been fully described. This paper will describe the epidemiology of pediatric road traffic injuries (pRTIs) in Qatar, in order to understand the relationships among risk factors, mechanisms of injury, use of safety equipment, and according to child developmental stages.
The primary sample for this study was drawn from all pRTIs (0–18 years) from January 2010 to December 2012—motor vehicle occupants, passengers and drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and all-terrain vehicle (ATV) drivers and passengers—seen at the trauma registry of the Hamad Trauma Center, the national Level I Trauma Referral Center of Qatar.
During those two years, the Trauma Center attended to 4864 patients, 443 (9.1%) of whom were pRTIs, 83% were male, and 71% were non-Qatari. Only 1.2% of injured passengers and drivers were restrained. All fatalities were passengers or drivers; the overall mortality rate was 3.4%. The motor vehicle crash (MVC) mortality rate was 6.2%, with the longest mean length of hospital stay 10.5 days and highest Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rate 35.7%. Older adolescents (15–18 years) comprised 56.4% of total MVC mortality. One-in-four (25%) pedestrian victims was Qatari. They had the lowest mean Injury Severity Score (9.6); 73% were nine years or younger. ATV victims had a 27% ICU admission rate; 48.4% were 10–14 years old. Older adolescents made up only 17% of the pediatric population of Qatar, yet 40% of pRTI victims and 80% of pRTI deaths. Forty-two percent of injured older adolescents were drivers, with half (21%) of those underage.
There are clear and distinct age and mechanism-specific patterns of pRTIs among children in Qatar that must be used to guide road safety policy and program formulation for underage pedestrians and drivers. Proven interventions that increase seatbelt and child restraint use and graduated driver licensing must be considered.
Prevalence of socio-demographic and behavioral factors about organ donation in Qatar: A household survey
Authors: Singh Rajvir , Varughese Betsy , El-Menyar Ayman , Agarwal Tulika Mehta , Shahbal Saad , Mekkodathil Ahammed Abdulla , Al Maslamani Yousuf , Salam Amar , Al Thani Hassan 
Published: March 2020

Background: A single organ and tissue donor can serve and save eight-fold lives, but availability of organ donors is scarce, posing a grim situation for end-stage organ failure worldwide. Knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs toward organ donation can help policymakers develop strategies to address the challenges facing organ donation and transplantation in Qatar. Aim: To assess sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and intentions regarding organ donation in the household population of Qatar. Methods: A prospective observational household survey was conducted between October and November 2016 in Qatar using a validated questionnaire. One thousand forty-four individuals aged 18 and older residing in eight municipalities in the country were enrolled in the survey. Results: Average age was 38 ± 11 years. There were 27.4% Qatari citizens and 72.6% nonQatari residents in the survey. 48.9% of the total (1044) were males. Knowledge [46% (95% C.I.: 45% − 47%)], attitude [70% (95% C.I.: 66%–74%)], behavioral beliefs [42% (95% C.I.: 39%–50%)], normative beliefs [29% (95% C.I.: 28%–30%)], control beliefs [–27% (95% C.I.: − 24% to − 30%)] and intentions towards organ donation [29% (95% C.I.: 27%–31%)] were observed in the study. Factor analyses were able to explain 70%, 72%, 70%, and 74% variations in knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and intentions domains respectively showing adequacy of construct of the domains for organ donation. Conclusion: Most of the survey participants showed good attitude but less intention towards organ donation.
n. 17 - O DESAFIO DA FUNÇÃO SOCIAL DOCENTE DIANTE DAS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS EM CURSO NO BRASIL
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira , Sobrinho Sidinei Cruz 
Published: March 2020

A pesquisa questiona a função social do profissional docente na conjuntura das políticas educacionais em curso, dada a hegemonia neoliberal. Tem por metodologia a hermenêutica jurídica de políticas educacionais normativas relacionadas à formação docente, lançando mão da análise qualitativa de Programas de Governo e a revisão bibliográfica (FREIRE; DARDOT; LAVAL; GIDDENS; SENNETT; GRAMSCI), além da pertinente análise de dados. O objetivo é problematizar a relação do neoliberalismo com ações de políticas educacionais na atualidade, comparado as políticas normativas aos principais programas de governo em curso no Brasil, apresentar como a função social do profissional docente enquanto trabalhador intelectual. As reflexões acerca dos programas de governo, aconoradas na devida revisão bibliográfica e na análise de dados conclui pela hegemonia neoliberal na atual conjuntura nacional, mas também no estabelecimento de cinco categorizações sobre a função social do profissional docente, enquanto possibilidade do exercício contra hegemônico.
An Empirical Model for the Indian Foreign Investment and Stock Market Volatility: Evidence From ARDL Bounds Testing Analysis
Authors: Singh Amar , Mohan Arvind 
Published: March 2020

Foreign investment is a major factor to determine volatility in the stock market. To discover the influence on Stock Market volatility of foreign investment we have considered FE, FD, and FDI as proxy variables of foreign investment and Indian stock market volatility is represented by Indian vix. The period for this study is 2009 to 2017 (monthly data). To address this issue of volatility in the long/short-run we have applied the ARDL. The preference given to the ARDL model over Johansen co-integration is to the difference in the order of integration among the variables. ARDL model allows us to combine the I(0) and I(1) series whereas I(1) required in the case of Johansen approach. Results of unit root confirm the I(0)/I(1) order of integration, which allows us to apply the ADRL bound test. F-statistics is higher than the upper bound critical value at 10%, 5% and providing the evidence of co-integration among variables at a 5% level of significance. Hence, there is a long-run relationship amid the variables. Long-run form results show the negative sign of the coefficient and it is significant. The ECM value is (-0.9671) and it confirms that nearly 96.71 % of the inaccuracy rose in each period and automatically corrected in specified time period.
Effects of Chemical Modification on the Mechanical Properties of Calotropis Gigantea Fiber-reinforced Phenol Formaldehyde Biocomposites
Authors: SANJEEVI Sekar , AYYANAR Athijayamani , KALIMUTHU Ramanathan , SUSAIYAPPAN Sidhardhan 
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the effects of three different chemical treatments on the mechanical properties of Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) composites reinforced with the Calotropis Gigantea Fibers (CGFs) were investigated based on the fiber content of the fibers. Composites were prepared by the untreated and treated fibers using the hand lay up technique and their mechanical properties were evaluated and compared. The results revealed that the composites show the greater mechanical properties at 40 wt.% for the untreated condition. Composites prepared with alkali treated fibers show the better mechanical properties as compared with the other treated fiber composites.
Study on Influence of Aggregate Combination and Inhibition Material ofAlkali-silica Reaction in Fully-Graded Concrete
Authors: CMSE C , YANG Huaquan , LI Zhen , RAO Meijuan , SHAO Xiaomei 
Published: March 2020

The influences of aggregate combination and inhibitor additives on the Alkali-silica Reaction (ASR) were studied in this research. A long-term alkali activity simulation of fully-graded concrete also was carried out. The results showed that replacement of artificial sandstone sand with artificial marble sand reduced the alkali activity expansion rate of the sandstone aggregate and effectively improved the inhibition effect of the aggregate when mixed with 35 % fly ash. Activated silica in the fly ash was crushed into particles and was mixed into each part of the concrete system. It transformed the limited parts into unlimited active centers. As a result, each center participated in the reaction and consumed the alkali. Inhibition of the ASR was effective when the fly-ash content of the ASR-1 was 15 %, while in the ASR-2, the fly-ash did not have a significant inhibition effect. During a long-term simulation, the expansion rate of theconcrete specimens after standard curing at 20 °C was higher than was the expansion rate after outdoor natural curing. The expansion rate of full sandstone concrete specimens was higher than was that of sandstone specimens that contained marble stone.
Magnesium Salt Influenced Strength Behavior of Lime-Fly Ash Stabilized Fine Grained Soil
Authors: JIA Zhirong , FU Luxin , WANG Lizhi 
Published: March 2020

The fine grained soil subgrade in coastal areas has the characteristics of high underground water level and serious salinization, and the lime-fly ash stabilized soil (LFSS) often used as the road base material. In order to study the effect of magnesium salt on the material strength, 5 % MgCl2 solution was used to simulate the groundwater magnesium salt environment, and specimens with 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 60 d and 90 d curing ages were tested in MgCl2 solution for 1 d, 5 d, 10 d, 15 d or 30 d. A controlled test was also conducted in purified water. Strength mechanism of LFSS was analyzed; SEM test was taken; and the influence mechanism of MgCl2 medium was analyzed. The results showed that MgCl2 medium, immersing time, and curing age have effects on compressive strength of LFSS. More specifically, although the early strength is low, the strength of LFSS maintains slow and steady growth from 7 d to 90 d. Long-term immersing in both MgCl2 solution and purified water will reduce the strength of LFSS, while the strength of specimen immersed in MgCl2 solution will decrease faster. Reactions between MgCl2 and LFSS destroyed the original gels and crystals, causing a negative impact on the strength of LFSS. However, with the test dose of MgCl2, the reduced strength of LFSS can still satisfy the sub-base requirement of second-class highway in China.
The Barkhausen Method to Investigate Powerful Processes during Action of Piezoelectric Igniters
Authors: ARDARAVIČIUS Linas , KERŠULIS Skirmantas , KIPRIJANOVIČ Oleg , ŠIMKEVIČIUS Česlovas , AŠMONTAS Steponas 
Published: March 2020

The Barkhausen method is proposed to clarify the cause of radiation of electromagnetic (EM) pulses during high voltage pulse generation by piezoelectric igniters (PIs). Wide bandwidth of the experimental setup was narrowed for a simultaneous registration of electric and detected EM pulses by a two-channel oscilloscope. The PI was loaded on a high ohmic resistance and high voltage pulses of 8 – 17 kV amplitude and up to 150 ms in total duration were registered. These pulses contained a series of short pulses called Barkhausen type pulses. Duration of these pulses having the relatively high amplitude was 30 – 40 ns. The registration revealed that the radiating EM pulse series corresponded to Barkhausen type pulse series. Short non-radiating negative pulses appearing during the saturated voltage growth were also observed and they had relaxation tails. The analysis showed that the EM pulses are caused as a result of domain switching with high voltage spikes at the PZT cylinders bases, where high electric fields are created. The activity of these switchings weakens when the “age” of PIs increases. The non-radiated pulses resulted from fast internal screening processes in the volume of the cylinders, accompanied by the impact ionization. The increase of the saturation and PI’s “age” causes lengthening of the relaxation tails. The results of practical importance for PIs in monitoring systems are placed. It is concluded that the Barkhausen method in wideband configuration is a convenient experimental arrangement for investigation of powerful processes in ferro-piezoelectric ceramics.
Precedentes de derechos sociales en España en el siglo XVI
Authors: Alonso Seco José María 
Published: March 2020

En este artículo se analizan las tesis doctrinales sobre atención a los pobres de tres españoles del siglo XVI, Juan Luis Vives, Domingo de Soto y Juan de Robles. Aunque con ellos no aparecieron los derechos sociales tal como se entienden en la actualidad, puede decirse que diseñaron los principios básicos que los sustentan: libertad individual, igualdad, respeto a la dignidad humana del pobre e intervención de los poderes públicos. Se examina también el contexto ideológico en el que nacen sus distintas posturas. In this article, we analyse the seminal work on the care of the poor of three Spanish thinkers from the 16th century; Juan Luis Vives, Domingo de Soto, and Juan de Robles. Although the concept of “social rights”, as we understand it today, was not explicitly developed in their work, it could be argued that all three authors designed the basic principles underlying the concept of social rights: individual freedom, equality, respect for the human dignity of the poor, and State intervention. We also discuss the ideological context in which the authors developed their work.
La aplicación de oficio de la extinción por prescripción de la responsabilidad dimanante de la infracción tributaria
Authors: Pérez Jordá Iván 
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo se analiza detenidamente dos delos efectos de la prescripción de la responsabilidad infractora, como son su aplicación de oficio y su irrenunciabilidad.This paper analyses two effects of penalizing liabilities tax expiration such as its ex officio application and its irrevocable.