bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First photographic records of bush dogs (Speothos venaticus) from camera-traps in Guyana
Authors: Hallett Matthew T. , Roberts Anthony , Holland Ashley P. , Jackman Angus 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The bush dog (Speothos venaticus) is rare, elusive, and difficult to study in the wild. Guyana contains a wealth of intact tropical forest (∼18.4 million ha) and savanna (1.6 million ha) habitats, but management of this species is hindered by a lack of data. We present two photographic records (consisting of nine individuals) of bush dogs from camera-traps set in the Kanuku Mountains Protected Area (KMPA) – the first of this species in Guyana. These records highlight the importance of Guiana Shield forests and Guyana’s expanding protected areas system to the conservation of these wide-ranging carnivores. Additionally, we recommend that detailed measurement and reporting of site variables become standard, as it will improve the efficacy of camera-trap studies of bush dogs and allow for broad-scale modelling of space use not otherwise possible due to the low detection rates at the scale of each individual study.
Predictor of postoperative dyspnea for Pierre Robin Sequence infants
Authors: Yin Ning , Fang Lei , Zhang Li , Cai Yousong , Fan Guoxiang , Shi Xiaohua , Huang Hongqiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study is to determine the predictive factors of postoperative dyspnea in infants with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). Forty children with PRS, who underwent general anesthesia, were retrospectively analyzed. The patient’s physiological status and anesthesiology data were collected accordingly, demographic characteristics including age, gender, height and weight at surgery, weight gain, preoperative airway status, tracheal intubation route, American Society of Anesthesiologists grading and airway Cormack–Lehane classification. Weight gain, dyspnea before the operation, Cormack–Lehane grade distribution showed a significant difference between patients with and without postoperative dyspnea (p = 0.0175, p = 0.0026, and p = 0.0038, respectively). Incompetent weight gain was identified as a predictor (p = 0.0371) of PRS postoperative dyspnea through the binary logistic regression model. In conclusion, this study established an early alerting model by monitoring the weight gain, dyspnea before the operation, Cormack–Lehane grade as potential combinations to predict the risk of postoperative dyspnea for PRS.
Crystal structure of 1,4-bis(methylpyridinium benzene) bis(1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolato-κ2
S:S)nickel(II), C26H18N6NiS4
Authors: Yan Wei-Hong , Pan Hui-Yan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C26H18N6NiS4, triclinic, P

1
¯

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.2947(4) Å, b = 8.9964(5) Å, c = 9.4210(5) Å, α = 70.988(1)°, β = 79.971(1)°, γ = 82.567(1)°, V = 652.52(6) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0340, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0643, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[aqua-(μ
2-3,3′,4,5′-biphenyl tetracarboxylate- κ
3
O,O′:O′′) -(μ
2-4,4′-bis(pyrid-4-yl)biphenyl-κ
2
N:N′)zinc(II)], C27H18NO9Zn
Authors: Luo Jie , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Zheng Ying‐Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
C27H18NO9Zn, triclinic,

P

1
¯

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.4357(10) Å, b = 10.1228(10) Å, c = 13.5186(10) Å, α = 83.830(7)°, β = 10.1228(10)°, γ = 13.5186(10)°, V = 1142.05(19) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0665, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1427, T = 293(2) K.
Separation of phenols from oils using deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids
Authors: Hou Yucui , Feng Zhi , Sossa Cuellar Jaime Ruben , Wu Weize 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Phenolic compounds are important basic materials for the organic chemical industry, such as pesticides, medicines and preservatives. Phenolic compounds can be obtained from biomass, coal and petroleum via pyrolysis and liquefaction, but they are mixtures in oil. The traditional methods to separate phenols from oil using alkaline washing are not environmentally benign. To solve the problems, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ionic liquids (ILs) have been developed to separate phenols from oil, which shows high efficiency and environmental friendliness. In this article, we summarized the properties of DESs and ILs and the applications of DESs and ILs in the separation of phenols and oil. There are two ways in which DESs and ILs are used in these applications: (1) DESs formed in situ using different hydrogen bonding acceptors including quaternary ammonium salts, zwitterions, imidazoles and amides; (2) DESs and ILs used as extractants. The effect of water on the separation, mass transfer dynamics in the separation process, removal of neutral oil entrained in DESs, phase diagrams of phenol + oil + extractant during extraction, are also discussed. In the last, we analyze general trends for the separation and evaluate the problematic or challenging aspects in the separation of phenols from oil mixtures.
ExosCE: A legal-based computational system for compliance with exoskeletons’ CE marking
Authors: Almpani Sofia , Mitsikas Theodoros , Stefaneas Petros , Frangos Panayiotis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWearable robots are devices intended to improve the quality of users’ life by augmenting, assisting, or substituting human functions. Exoskeletons are one of the most widespread types of wearable robots, currently used extensively in medical applications (and also for industrial, assistive, or military purposes), thus governed by regulations for medical devices and their conformity assessment. On top of that, manufacturers must also specify if their exoskeletons can be categorized as machines and, therefore, additionally apply a number of requirements mandated from machinery regulations. This work focuses on capturing both the abovementioned requirements enacted by the Medical Devices Directive 2017/745 and the Machinery Directive 2006/42 into a single framework. It formalizes into Rules the Conformity Assessment procedures regarding the marketability of exoskeletons indicated by the CE marking (“Conformité Européene”). These Rules, expressed in the Positional-Slotted Object-Applicative (PSOA) RuleML code, were complemented by representative Facts based on real-life cases of commercialized exoskeletons. Additional Exoskeletons Facts can be included by users from other forms (such as MS Excel) and translated into the PSOA RuleML code through the provided Python script. The open-source Exoskeletons’ CE mark (ExosCE) Rules KB was tested by querying in the open-source PSOATransRun system. The ExosCE Rules prototype can assist in the compliance process of stakeholders and in the registration of exoskeletons with a CE mark.
Elastic s+C and Left-moving Yod in the Evolution from Latin to French
Authors: Scheer Tobias , Ségéral Philippe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Elastic s+C is the idea that s+C clusters are heterosyllabic by default in all languages, and that some repair will occur in case, pending on language-specific circumstances, a heterosyllabic parse is illegal (preceding long vowel, preceding coda, beginning of the word). The repair at hand is the branching of the s on the following empty nucleus. This generalization is derived from the behaviour of left-moving yod in the diachronic evolution from Latin to French. The floating yod (here coming from palatalization k+i,e > j+ʦ) anchors as a coda if the preceding syllable is open (placēre > plaisir), but is lost in case it is closed (cancellāre > chanceler), except when the syllable-final C is s (cresc(e)re > croistre (mod. croître)). We know independently that intervocalic s+C clusters are regular coda clusters: they block diphthongization (testa > teste (mod. tête)). Hence s is elastic: s+C is a regular coda cluster unless there is a demand for s to vacate its coda position. It is shown that among all syllabic identities for s+C that are entertained in the literature only one is compatible with this pattern: in CsC clusters, i.e. in absence of a preceding vowel, s branches on the following empty nucleus, i.e. the one that separates it from the following C. This is confirmed by an independent pattern: the middle consonant of CCC clusters is lost unless it is s (CsC), but is regularly dropped in sCC clusters. Here as well s+C is a regular coda-onset cluster when preceded by a vowel (sCC), but s elastically becomes a non-coda when preceded by a consonant (CsC). This empirical generalization appears to be an unprecedented finding: s in s+C is a coda when preceded by a vowel, but a (branching) non-coda when not preceded by a vowel. It is shown that it may solve a good deal of the notoriously mysterious behaviour of s+C clusters as such, i.e. in other languages and in synchronic analysis. Word-initially s+C is not followed by a vowel and therefore a non-coda, thus accounting for the typical cross-linguistic pattern whereby s+C is exceptional word-initially, but not word-internally (where it is followed by a vowel). Also, the branching analysis solves the mysterious fact that s only shows exceptional behaviour when it is followed by a consonant: there is no empty nucleus it could branch on when followed by a vowel.
A proof-of-concept study on the impact of a chronic pain and physical activity training workshop for exercise professionals
Authors: Gyurcsik Nancy C. , Tupper Susan M. , Brittain Danielle R. , Brawley Lawrence R. , Cary Miranda A. , Ratcliffe-Smith Don , Blouin Jocelyn E. , Marchant Mackenzie G. , Sessford James D. , Hellsten Laurie-ann M. , Arnold Bart E. , Downe Pamela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Physical activity is essential for long-term chronic pain management, yet individuals struggle to participate. Exercise professionals, including fitness instructors, and personal trainers, are preferred delivery agents for education and instruction on chronic pain, physical activity, and strategies to use adherence-promoting behavioral skills. However, exercise professionals receive no relevant training during certification or continuing education opportunities to effectively support their participants living with chronic pain. Based on the ORBIT model for early pre-efficacy phases of development and testing of new behavioral treatments, the present Phase IIa proof-of-concept study was conducted. The purpose was to examine the impacts of a newly developed chronic pain and physical activity training workshop on psychosocial outcomes among exercise professionals. Outcomes included knowledge and attitudes regarding chronic pain, attitudes and beliefs about the relationship between pain and impairment, and self-efficacy to educate and instruct participants with chronic pain.

Methods
Forty-eight exercise professionals (M
age=44.4±11.0 years) participated in a three-hour, in-person workshop that was offered at one of four different locations. Participants completed pre- and post-workshop outcome assessment surveys.

Results
Mixed MANOVA results comparing time (pre- versus post-workshop) by workshop location (sites 1 to 4) illustrated a significant within-subjects time effect (p<0.001). All outcomes significantly improved from pre- to post-workshop (p′s<0.001), demonstrating large effect sizes (partial eta-squared values ranging from 0.45 to 0.59).

Conclusions
Findings offer early phase preliminary support for the effectiveness of the chronic pain and physical activity training workshop for exercise professionals. Based on ORBIT model recommendations, findings warrant future phased testing via a pilot randomized clinical trial as well as testing for impacts that trained professionals have on activity adherence among their clients living with chronic pain. Eventual workshop adoption by exercise professional certification organizations would ensure widespread and sustainable access to qualified exercise professionals to help individuals engage in physical activity. By increasing the capacity of available exercise professionals to deliver effective support, active individuals could better manage their chronic pain and live well.
Trajectories in severe persistent pain after groin hernia repair: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Jensen Elisabeth Kjær , Bäckryd Emmanuel , Hilden Jørgen , Werner Mads U. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Severe persistent post-surgical pain (PPSP) remains a significant healthcare problem. In the third most common surgical procedure in the U.K., groin hernia repair, including 85,000 surgeries, estimated 1,500–3,000 patients will annually develop severe PPSP. While the trajectory of PPSP is generally considered a continuation of the acute post-surgery pain, recent data suggest the condition may develop with a delayed onset. This study evaluated pain-trajectories in a consecutive cohort referred from groin hernia repair-surgeons to a tertiary PPSP-center. Potential explanatory variables based on individual psychometric, sensory, and surgical profiles were analyzed.

Methods
Patients completed graphs on pain trajectories and questionnaires on neuropathic pain, pain-related functional assessments, and psychometrics. Surgical records and quantitative sensory testing profiles were obtained. Pain trajectories were normalized, and pre- and post-surgical segments were analyzed by a normalized area-under-the-curve (AUC) technique. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the explanatory variables. Significant PCA-components were further examined using multiple logistic regression models.

Results
In 95 patients, the AUC identified groups of post-surgical pain trajectories (p<0.0001): group I (n=48), acute high-intensity pain progressing to PPSP; group II (n=28), delayed onset of PPSP; group III (n=7), repeat-surgery gradually inducing PPSP. Data from groups IV (n=3) and V (n=9) were not included in the statistical analysis due to small sample size and data heterogeneity, respectively. The PCA/logistic analyses indicated that neuropathic pain scores, composite pain scores, and pain-related functional assessments were explanatory variables for groups I and II.

Conclusions
Pain trajectories in PPSP after groin hernia repair are heterogeneous but can be classified into meaningful groups. Examination of pain trajectories, mirroring the transition from acute to severe persistent post-surgical pain, has the potential of uncovering clinically relevant pathophysiological mechanisms.
Association between breast milk adipokines with growth in breast feeding infants, a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Soori Maryam , Mohammadi Younes , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Mahmoodi Minoo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Breast milk adipokines are associated with growth, body mass index (BMI) and weight gain in infants. In this study, the effect of breastmilk adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) on the BMI and weight gain of breast-fed infants was evaluated using systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and methods
We used PRISMA checklist for carrying out this study. 752 articles were collected from the database searching and other sources from 1994 to April 2019. According to the criteria in the study, 25 articles remained for evaluation. Eight papers were related to the effect of breast milk leptin on weight gain and BMI of infants that were evaluated by meta-analyzing. The adiponectin articles were surveyed by systematic review.

Results
There was no significant publication bias in the meta-analysis study. The results of random-effect model indicated a reverse and significant correlation between breastmilk leptin with weight gain and BMI (r=−0.331). The adiponectin level in breast milk was associated with the BMI and weight gain of infants.

Conclusions
Meta-analysis indicated a significant inverse correlation between breastmilk leptin with weight gain and BMI in infants; furthermore, the systematic review study expressed significant correlation between breast milk adiponectin with growth (BMI and weight gain) in infants.
Autogenous Shrinkage of Internally Cured Conventional, Latex-Modified, and Very High Early Strength Latex-Modified Concrete and Mortar
Authors: Cavalline Tara L. , Newsome Ross A. , Tempest Brett Q. , Leach Jacob W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Internally cured concrete has been shown to help mitigate early-age cracking and to provide improved durability performance in concrete elements. The increased absorptive capacity of lightweight aggregates (LWA) facilitates delivery of moisture to concrete internally during the curing process. In this study, a range of concrete mortar mixtures representative of mortar contained in bridge deck and pavement concrete mixtures were batched and tested for autogenous shrinkage. Two significantly different LWAs were utilized in this study: one LWA with an absorption typical of most manufactured LWA and one with a relatively low absorption for a manufactured LWA. Autogenous shrinkage test results clearly demonstrated the impact of use of prewetted LWA for internal curing. Reductions in autogenous strain ranged from 30 to 56 % depending on the type of LWA used as well as the percentage replacement of prewetted LWA for normal-weight fine aggregate. The reduction in autogenous shrinkage correlated with LWA replacement rate, and shrinkage was even further reduced for mixtures that included fly ash. Findings indicated that the lower-absorption LWA provides internal curing benefits when used at suitable replacement levels, which may exceed those currently specified by some state highway agencies. Use of the approach to computing LWA substitution rate provided in ACI (308-213)R-13, Report on Internally Cured Concrete Using Prewetted Absorptive Lightweight Aggregate, should provide adequate moisture delivery to support reduction in autogenous shrinkage and internal curing benefits and is suitable for proportioning of both the typical and lower absorption LWA to support internal curing. In addition to reduced autogenous shrinkage, use of prewetted LWA in very high early strength latex-modified concrete mixtures provided workability and work-time advantages.
Damage Evaluation of Poro-Elastic Road Surface with Low Polyurethane Content
Authors: Liao Gongyun , Soares Laura , Wang Hao , Qi Kongqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the damage evolution of poro-elastic road surface with low polyurethane content (PERS-LPC) subjected to cyclic loading with two new damage indicators. A cyclic loading test and dynamic modulus test were conducted on nine different PERS-LPC specimens to develop stress-strain hysteresis curves. The variations of curve perimeter (ΔP) and the enclosed area during the unloading period (ΔA) were proposed to evaluate damage evolution of PERS-LPC specimen as compared with the existing damage indicators. X-ray computed tomography scanning images were obtained to verify the damage evolution within PERS-LPC specimens. The results showed that damage evolution of the PERS-LPC specimen could be captured by the proposed ΔP and ΔA indicators. The PERS-LPC mixture with a low amount of rubber granule (25 %) and polyurethane (4 % by total mass of rubber and aggregate) and 20 % air void exhibited good damage resistance. The study findings can be used to optimize the composition of low-cost PERS-LPC mixtures for durable design.
Effect of Slenderness Ratio of the Specimen on Resonant Column Test Results
Authors: Shinde Ninad Sanjeev , Kumar Jyant 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To investigate the effect of the slenderness ratio (L/d) of the specimen, resonant column (RC) tests were conducted on dry sand specimens by using three different values of L/d, namely 2, 3, and 4, keeping the same diameter (d = 50 mm) to measure the shear moduli and material damping associated with the shear strain varying approximately from 0.0004 to 0.03 %. For the sake of the comparison, bender element (BE) tests were also performed on the same specimens to examine the effect of L/d on the shear moduli. Different combinations of relative densities and isotropic confining pressures were employed. The current experimental findings based on the simplified theory, which is widely used for analyzing the RC test results, reveal that the measured shear moduli of the specimens become higher for a slender specimen. On the other hand, the damping values were found to be only marginally affected with the changes in L/d. For greater L/d, generally the damping values were found to be slightly higher, especially with greater relative densities. The BE tests, on the other hand, hardly illustrate any variation in shear moduli with the changes in L/d. The shear wave velocities (Vs) from the BE tests were found to be a little greater as compared with the RC tests, and the difference between two sets of results becomes narrower with an increase in L/d. This study reveals that it will be more appropriate to use a L/d equal to 4 rather than 2, especially when testing at isotropic confining pressure ≥ 500 kPa.
Beyond the first glimpse (Analysis of the economic policy in Hungary from 1998–)
Authors: Csillag István 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a sharp contradiction between the economic performance of the Hungarian government of Victor Orbán and the institutional framework (toolkit) by which the seemingly stellar performance of the Hungarian economy has been achieved. It looks like as if the economic playground of the government (disciplined fiscal policy, unorthodox monetary policy and contradictory institutional system) and political-institutional order built by the same government during the last ten years, represent two different worlds. This paper provides a possible explanation to resolve this contradiction by identifying reversed relationship between tools and goals of economic policies. The genuine, hidden but most important goal of the present Hungarian government is to make Orbán and his political family wealthy and make their enrichment legitimate. In disguise of a public policy to achieve this (private, personal) goal, this government needs absolute and uncontrolled power certified by the scenery of the parliamentarian democracy. This private effort should be falsified, which could be achieved if his government pretends that it wants to pursue a disciplined economic policy.
Human development and convergence among the states of former Yugoslavia
Authors: Vujačić Ivan , Petrović-Vujačić Jelica , Tanasković Svetozar , Miljković Marko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAfter the devastation of the Second World War, the federal units of the former Yugoslavia were on their way to catching up with the Western Europe, with different degrees of success. In fact, Yugoslavia was considered a success story among the socialist economies due to its specific self-management system. Nevertheless, among the Federal units that later became independent states, regional differences in development level increased, in spite of the proclaimed policy to narrow them. Enough time has passed since the wars of the breakup and the economic transition to check if this divergence is continuing under a capitalist market system, now that all the countries are on the path to the European Union (EU) accession. The paper tests the convergence hypothesis among the states of the former Yugoslavia in terms of Human Development Index (HDI), as a more complex indicator of country development than GDP per capita. The results of two different approaches to test for the presence of β (beta) and σ (sigma) convergence suggest that the gap between the states of former Yugoslavia is closing, albeit at a slow rate. Given that convergence is slow, the active EU policies aimed at hastening the accession of the currently non-member states of the former Yugoslavia would accelerate the process.