bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the vascular endothelial sodium channel activation in the genesis of pathologically increased cardiovascular stiffness
Authors: Hill Michael A , Jaisser Frederic , Sowers James R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) stiffening represents a complex series of events evolving from pathological changes in individual cells of the vasculature and heart which leads to overt tissue fibrosis. While vascular stiffening occurs naturally with ageing it is accelerated in states of insulin (INS) resistance, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. CV stiffening is clinically manifested as increased arterial pulse wave velocity and myocardial fibrosis-induced diastolic dysfunction. A key question that remains is how are these events mechanistically linked. In this regard, heightened activation of vascular mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and hyperinsulinaemia occur in obesity and INS resistance states. Further, a downstream mediator of MR and INS receptor activation, the endothelial cell Na+ channel (EnNaC), has recently been identified as a key molecular determinant of endothelial dysfunction and CV fibrosis and stiffening. Increased activity of the EnNaC results in a number of negative consequences including stiffening of the cortical actin cytoskeleton in endothelial cells, impaired endothelial NO release, increased oxidative stress-meditated NO destruction, increased vascular permeability, and stimulation of an inflammatory environment. Such endothelial alterations impact vascular function and stiffening through regulation of vascular tone and stimulation of tissue remodelling including fibrosis. In the case of the heart, obesity and INS resistance are associated with coronary vascular endothelial stiffening and associated reductions in bioavailable NO leading to heart failure with preserved systolic function (HFpEF). After a brief discussion on mechanisms leading to vascular stiffness per se, this review then focuses on recent findings regarding the role of INS and aldosterone to enhance EnNaC activity and associated CV stiffness in obesity/INS resistance states. Finally, we discuss how coronary artery-mediated EnNaC activation may lead to cardiac fibrosis and HFpEF, a condition that is especially pronounced in obese and diabetic females.
Unplanned readmission and survival after video-assisted thoracic surgery and open thoracotomy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a 12-month nationwide cohort study
Authors: Bouabdallah Ilies , Pauly Vanessa , Viprey Marie , Orleans Veronica , Fond Guillaume , Auquier Pascal , D'Journo Xavier Benoit , Boyer Laurent , Thomas Pascal Alexandre 
Published: October 2020

Abstract OBJECTIVESTo compare outcomes at 12 months between video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and open thoracotomy (OT) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using real-world evidence.METHODSWe did a nationwide propensity-matched cohort study. We included all patients who had a diagnosis of NSCLC and who benefitted from lobectomy between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017. We divided this population into 2 groups (VATS and OT) and matched them using propensity scores based on patients’ and hospitals’ characteristics. Unplanned readmission, mortality, complications, length of stay and hospitalization costs within 12 months of follow-up were compared between the 2 groups.RESULTSA total of 13 027 patients from 180 hospitals were included, split into 6231 VATS (47.8%) and 6796 OT (52.2%). After propensity score matching (5617 patients in each group), VATS was not associated with a lower risk of unplanned readmission compared with OT [20.7% vs 21.9%, hazard ratio 1.03 (0.95–1.12)] during the 12-months follow-up. Unplanned readmissions at 90 days were mainly due to pulmonary complications (particularly pleural effusion and pneumonia) and were associated with higher mortality at 12 months (13.4% vs 2.7%, P &lt; 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSVATS and OT were both associated with high incidence of unplanned readmissions within 12 months, requiring a better identification of prognosticators of unplanned readmissions. Our study highlights the need to improve prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary complications in patients with VATS and OT after discharge. These findings call for improving the dissemination of systematic perioperative care pathway including efficient pulmonary physiotherapy and rehabilitation.
The protective role of PHB and its degradation products against stress situations in bacteria
Authors: Müller-Santos Marcelo , Koskimäki Janne J , Alves Luis Paulo Silveira , de Souza Emanuel Maltempi , Jendrossek Dieter , Pirttilä Anna Maria 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Many bacteria produce storage biopolymers that are mobilized under conditions of metabolic adaptation, for example, low nutrient availability and cellular stress. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are often found as carbon storage in Bacteria or Archaea, and of these polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most frequently occurring PHA type. Bacteria usually produce PHB upon availability of a carbon source and limitation of another essential nutrient. Therefore, it is widely believed that the function of PHB is to serve as a mobilizable carbon repository when bacteria face carbon limitation, supporting their survival. However, recent findings indicate that bacteria switch from PHB synthesis to mobilization under stress conditions such as thermal and oxidative shock. The mobilization products, 3-hydroxybutyrate and its oligomers, show a protective effect against protein aggregation and cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species and heat shock. Thus, bacteria should have an environmental monitoring mechanism directly connected to the regulation of the PHB metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge on PHB physiology together with a summary of recent findings on novel functions of PHB in stress resistance. Potential applications of these new functions are also presented.
Loving Others: The Impact of Compassionate Love on Later-Life Psychological Well-being
Authors: Kahana Eva , Bhatta Tirth R , Kahana Boaz , Lekhak Nirmala 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesExisting scholarship in social gerontology has paid relatively little attention to broader loving emotions, such as compassionate and altruistic love, as potentially meaningful mechanisms for improving later-life psychological well-being outside a family framework.MethodDrawing from a 3-wave longitudinal survey of community-dwelling older residents (n = 334) of Miami, Florida, we utilized generalized estimating equation models to examine the influence of changes in compassionate love (i.e., feeling love toward other persons and experiencing love from others) on depressive symptoms over time. We also explored cross-sectional relationship between compassionate love and positive and negative affects.ResultsAn increase in the feeling of being loved (β = −0.77, p &lt; .001) and feeling love for others (β = −0.78, p &lt; .001) led to a decline in odds of reporting greater levels of depressive symptoms over time. The odds of reporting higher level of positive affect were significantly greater for older adults who reported feeling loved by others (β = .63, p &lt; .001) and expressed love for other people (β = 0.43, p &lt; .05). Older adults who felt loved and expressed love for other people, respectively, had 0.71 and 0.54-point lower ordered log odds of reporting higher negative affect than those who reported lower levels of love. The statistically significant impact of feeling loved on all well-being outcomes was maintained even after adjustment for altruistic attitudes and emotional support. Except for depressive symptoms, such adjustments explained the positive influence of love for others on well-being outcomes.DiscussionOur findings underscore the powerful influence of both receiving and giving loving emotions for the maintenance of later-life psychological well-being.
Concordance between systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials in assisted reproduction: an overview
Authors: Mascarenhas Mariano , Kalampokas Theodoros , Sunkara Sesh Kamal , Kamath Mohan S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSTUDY QUESTIONAre systematic reviews published within a 3-year period on interventions in ART concordant in their conclusions?SUMMARY ANSWERThe majority of the systematic reviews published within a 3-year period in the field of assisted reproduction on the same topic had discordant conclusions.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYSystematic reviews and meta-analyses have now replaced individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs) at the top of the evidence pyramid. There has been a proliferation of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, many of which suffer from methodological issues and provide varying conclusions.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATIONWe assessed nine interventions in women undergoing ART with at least three systematic reviews each, published from January 2015 to December 2017.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODSThe systematic reviews which included RCTs were considered eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was extent of concordance between systematic reviews on the same topic. Secondary outcomes included assessment of quality of systematic reviews, differences in included studies in meta-analyses covering the same search period, selective reporting and reporting the quality of evidence.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCEConcordant results and conclusions were found in only one topic, with reviews in the remaining eight topics displaying partial discordance. The AMSTAR grading for the majority of the non-Cochrane reviews was critically low whilst it was categorized as high for all of the Cochrane reviews. For three of the nine topics, none of the included systematic reviews assessed the quality of evidence. We were unable to assess selective reporting as most of the reviews did not have a pre-specified published protocol.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONWe were limited by the high proportion of reviews lacking a pre-specified protocol, which made it impossible to assess for selective reporting. Furthermore, many reviews did not specify primary and secondary outcomes which made it difficult to assess reporting bias. All the authors of this review were Cochrane review authors which may introduce some assessment bias. The categorization of the review’s conclusions as beneficial, harmful or neutral was subjective, depending on the tone and wording of the conclusion section of the review.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSThe majority of the systematic reviews published within a 3-year period on the same topic in the field of assisted reproduction revealed discordant conclusions and suffered from serious methodological issues, hindering the process of informed healthcare decision-making.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)All the authors are Cochrane authors. M.S.K. is an editorial board member of Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility group. No grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors was obtained.
Long-term exposure to iron and copper in fine particulate air pollution and their combined impact on reactive oxygen species concentration in lung fluid: a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Zhang Zilong , Weichenthal Scott , Kwong Jeffrey C , Burnett Richard T , Hatzopoulou Marianne , Jerrett Michael , Donkelaar Aaron van , Bai Li , Martin Randall V , Copes Ray , Lu Hong , Lakey Pascale , Shiraiwa Manabu , Chen Hong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD), but less is known about its specific components, such as metals originating from non-tailpipe emissions. We investigated the associations of long-term exposure to metal components [iron (Fe) and copper (Cu)] in PM2.5 with CVD incidence.

Methods
We conducted a population-based cohort study in Toronto, Canada. Exposures to Fe and Cu in PM2.5 and their combined impact on the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung fluid were estimated using land use regression models. Incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF) and CVD death was ascertained using health administrative datasets. We used mixed-effects Cox regression models to examine the associations between the exposures and health outcomes. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted, including indirect adjustment for individual-level cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. smoking), and adjustment for PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

Results
In single-pollutant models, we found positive associations between the three exposures and all three outcomes, with the strongest associations detected for the estimated ROS. The associations of AMI and CHF were sensitive to indirect adjustment, but remained robust for CVD death in all sensitivity analyses. In multi-pollutant models, the associations of the three exposures generally remained unaltered. Interestingly, adjustment for ROS did not substantially change the associations between PM2.5 and CVD, but attenuated the associations of NO2.

Conclusions
Long-term exposure to Fe and Cu in PM2.5 and their combined impact on ROS were consistently associated with increased CVD death.
Orexin Modulation of VTA Dopamine Neuron Activity: Relevance to Schizophrenia
Authors: Perez Stephanie M , Lodge Daniel J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe hippocampus is a region consistently implicated in schizophrenia and has been advanced as a therapeutic target for positive, negative, and cognitive deficits associated with the disease. Recently, we reported that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) works in concert with the ventral hippocampus to regulate dopamine system function; however, the PVT has yet to be investigated as target for the treatment of the disease. Given the dense expression of orexin receptors in the thalamus, we believe these to be a possible target for pharmacological regulation of PVT activity.MethodsHere we used the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model, which displays pathological alterations consistent with schizophrenia to determine whether orexin receptor blockade can restore ventral tegmental area dopamine system function. We measured dopamine neuron population activity, using in vivo electrophysiology, following administration of the dual orexin antagonist, TCS 1102 (both intraperitoneal and intracranial into the PVT in MAM- and saline-treated rats), and orexin A and B peptides (intracranial into the PVT in naïve rats).ResultsAberrant dopamine system function in MAM-treated rats was normalized by the systemic administration of TCS 1102. To investigate the potential site of action, the orexin peptides A and B were administered directly into the PVT, where they significantly increased ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron population activity in control rats. In addition, the direct administration of TCS 1102 into the PVT reproduced the beneficial effects seen with the systemic administration in MAM-treated rats.ConclusionTaken together, these data suggest the orexin system may represent a novel site of therapeutic intervention for psychosis via an action in the PVT.
Analysis of Humoral Immune Responses in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Henss Lisa , Scholz Tatjana , von Rhein Christine , Wieters Imke , Borgans Frauke , Eberhardt Fabian J , Zacharowski Kai , Ciesek Sandra , Rohde Gernot , Vehreschild Maria , Stephan Christoph , Wolf Timo , Hofmann-Winkler Heike , Scheiblauer Heinrich , Schnierle Barbara S 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has caused a pandemic with tens of millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths. The infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease of the respiratory system of divergent severity. In the current study, humoral immune responses were characterized in a cohort of 143 patients with COVID-19 from the University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Germany.MethodsSARS-CoV-2-specific–antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus NL63 neutralization activity was analyzed with pseudotyped lentiviral vectors.ResultsThe severity of COVID-19 increased with age, and male patients encountered more serious symptoms than female patients. Disease severity was correlated with the amount of SARS-CoV-2–specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA and the neutralization activity of the antibodies. The amount of SARS-CoV-2–specific IgG antibodies decreased with time after polymerase chain reaction conformation of the infection, and antibodies directed against the nucleoprotein waned faster than spike protein-directed antibodies. In contrast, for the common flu coronavirus NL63, COVID-19 disease severity seemed to be correlated with low NL63-neutralizing activities, suggesting the possibility of cross-reactive protection.ConclusionThe results describe the humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 and might aid the identification of correlates of protection needed for vaccine development.
Measures of electronic health record use in outpatient settings across vendors
Authors: Baxter Sally L , Apathy Nate C , Cross Dori A , Sinsky Christine , Hribar Michelle R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Electronic health record (EHR) log data capture clinical workflows and are a rich source of information to understand variation in practice patterns. Variation in how EHRs are used to document and support care delivery is associated with clinical and operational outcomes, including measures of provider well-being and burnout. Standardized measures that describe EHR use would facilitate generalizability and cross-institution, cross-vendor research. Here, we describe the current state of outpatient EHR use measures offered by various EHR vendors, guided by our prior conceptual work that proposed seven core measures to describe EHR use. We evaluate these measures and other reporting options provided by vendors for maturity and similarity to previously proposed standardized measures. Working toward improved standardization of EHR use measures can enable and accelerate high-impact research on physician burnout and job satisfaction as well as organizational efficiency and patient health.
The light and dark sides of nitric oxide: multifaceted roles of nitric oxide in plant responses to light
Authors: Lopes-Oliveira Patrícia Juliana , Oliveira Halley Caixeta , Kolbert Zsuzsanna , Freschi Luciano 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Light drives photosynthesis and informs plants about their surroundings. Regarded as a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants, nitric oxide (NO) has been repeatedly demonstrated to interact with light signaling cascades to control plant growth, development and metabolism. During early plant development, light-triggered NO accumulation counteracts negative regulators of photomorphogenesis and modulates the abundance of, and sensitivity to, plant hormones to promote seed germination and de-etiolation. In photosynthetically active tissues, NO is generated at distinct rates under light or dark conditions and acts at multiple target sites within chloroplasts to regulate photosynthetic reactions. Moreover, changes in NO concentrations in response to light stress promote plant defenses against oxidative stress under high light or ultraviolet-B radiation. Here we review the literature on the interaction of NO with the complicated light and hormonal signaling cascades controlling plant photomorphogenesis and light stress responses, focusing on the recently identified molecular partners and action mechanisms of NO in these events. We also discuss the versatile role of NO in regulating both photosynthesis and light-dependent stomatal movements, two key determinants of plant carbon gain. The regulation of nitrate reductase (NR) by light is highlighted as vital to adjust NO production in plants living under natural light conditions.
The uncoupling of respiration in plant mitochondria: keeping reactive oxygen and nitrogen species under control
Authors: Popov Vasily N , Syromyatnikov Mikhail Y , Fernie Alisdair R , Chakraborty Subhra , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis , Igamberdiev Abir U 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Plant mitochondrial respiration involves the operation of various alternative pathways. These pathways participate, both directly and indirectly, in the maintenance of mitochondrial functions though they do not contribute to energy production, being uncoupled from the generation of an electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane and thus from ATP production. Recent findings suggest that uncoupled respiration is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, regulation, and homeostasis. Here we discuss specific roles and possible functions of uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in ROS and NO metabolism. The mechanisms of expression and regulation of the NDA-, NDB- and NDC-type non-coupled NADH and NADPH dehydrogenases, the alternative oxidase (AOX), and the uncoupling protein (UCP) are examined in relation to their involvement in the establishment of the stable far-from-equilibrium state of plant metabolism. The role of uncoupled respiration in controlling the levels of ROS and NO as well as inducing signaling events is considered. Secondary functions of uncoupled respiration include its role in protection from stress factors and roles in biosynthesis and catabolism. It is concluded that uncoupled mitochondrial respiration plays an important role in providing rapid adaptation of plants to changing environmental factors via regulation of ROS and NO.
Isoflavone malonyl-CoA acyltransferase GmMaT2 is involved in nodulation of soybean by modifying synthesis and secretion of isoflavones
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Zulfiqar , Zhang Yanrui , Zeng Xiangsheng , Li Penghui , Wang Xiaobo , Benedito Vagner A , Zhao Jian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Malonyl-CoA:flavonoid acyltransferases (MaTs) modify isoflavones, but only a few have been characterized for activity and assigned to specific physiological processes. Legume roots exude isoflavone malonates into the rhizosphere, where they are hydrolyzed into isoflavone aglycones. Soybean GmMaT2 was highly expressed in seeds, root hairs, and nodules. GmMaT2 and GmMaT4 recombinant enzymes used isoflavone 7-O-glucosides as acceptors and malonyl-CoA as an acyl donor to generate isoflavone glucoside malonates. GmMaT2 had higher activity towards isoflavone glucosides than GmMaT4. Overexpression in hairy roots of GmMaT2 and GmMaT4 produced more malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin, and malonylglycitin, and resulted in more nodules than control. However, only GmMaT2 knockdown (KD) hairy roots showed reduced levels of malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin, and malonylglycitin, and, likewise, reduced nodule numbers. These were consistent with the up-regulation of only GmMaT2 by rhizobial infection, and higher expression levels of early nodulation genes in GmMaT2- and GmMaT4-overexpressing roots, but lower only in GmMaT2-KD roots compared with control roots. Higher malonyl isoflavonoid levels in transgenic hairy roots were associated with higher levels of isoflavones in root exudates and more nodules, and vice versa. We suggest that GmMaT2 participates in soybean nodulation by catalyzing isoflavone malonylation and affecting malonyl isoflavone secretion for activation of Nod factor and nodulation.