bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHORUME COMO FONTE DE NUTRIENTE NA PRODUÇÃO DA BIOMASSA MICROALGAL
Authors: Postaue Najla , Moraes Leila Cristina , Asmus Rosa Maria Farias 
Published: March 2020

A biomassa de microalgas tem apresentado potencial para produção de biodiesel, contudo a viabilidade do cultivo de microalgas depende de fonte de nutrientes de baixo custo. O presente estudo objetivou utilizar o chorume como fonte de nutrientes para microalgas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos visando avaliar a obtenção da biomassa microalgal, conversão de lipídios e rendimento em ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos, para os meios de cultivos utilizando 5%, 12% e 20% de chorume, com concentrações de 0,02, 0,05 e 0,08 g N. L-1 e para meio de controle contendo 1% de, Nitrogênio (N), Fósforo (P) e Potássio (K), na concentração de 20 g L-1, 5 g L-1 e 20 g L-1, respectivamente. A microalga utilizada neste trabalho foi a de classe Chlorophyceae e família Coccomyxaceae. Os resultados demonstraram que o meio com concentração de 12% de chorume obteve melhores resultados, possibilitando alcançar 1,19 g de biomassa, conversão de 108,15 mg g-1 de lipídios e conteúdo de ésteres de 410,77mg g-1, a microalga utilizada apresentou ainda predominância dos ácidos graxos palmítico e oleico, apresentando baixa quantidade de ácidos graxos saturados o que pode fornecer ao combustível, resistência ao frio. E tais aspectos demonstraram que o chorume pode ser uma fonte promissora de nutrientes para o cultivo das microalgas estudadas. AbstractMicroalgae biomass has presented potential for biodiesel production, however the viability of microalgae cultivation depends on low cost nutrient source. The present study aimed to use leachate as a source of nutrients for microalgae. The experiments were conducted to evaluate the microalgal biomass, lipid conversion and yield in fatty acid methyl esters, for the culture media using 5%, 12% and 20% leachate, with concentrations of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 g N. L-1 and for control medium containing 1% Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K), at a concentration of 20 g L-1, 5 g L-1 and 20 g L-1, respectively. The microalgae used in this work was Chlorophyceae class and Coccomyxaceae family. The results showed that the medium with a concentration of 12% of leachate obtained better results, allowing to reach 1.19 g of biomass, conversion of 108.15 mg g-1 of lipids and esters content of 410,77 mg g-1. The microalgae used also presented predominance of palmitic and oleic fatty acids, presenting low amount of saturated fatty acids which can provide the fuel with cold resistance. And these aspects demonstrated that the leachate can be a promising source of nutrients for the cultivation of the studied microalgae.
PRÁTICAS APLICADAS NO CANTEIRO DE OBRAS QUE CONTRIBUEM PARA A GESTÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DOS RESÍDUOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL
Authors: Schuster Bruna Schmitt , Taboni Junior Luiz Roberto 
Published: March 2020

A construção civil é responsável por contribuir com a deterioração da qualidade ambiental, principalmente, quando se refere a quantidade de recursos naturais extraídos. Além disso, a construção civil é considerada o setor que mais gera resíduos, os quais devem ser destinados e dispostos de modo a não ocasionar danos ao ambiente. Diante desse cenário, inúmeras construtoras vêm aplicando ferramentas em seu sistema de gestão a fim de contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Essa pesquisa objetivou a aplicação da metodologia Produção Mais Limpa em um canteiro de obras situado na cidade de Cascavel-PR com o intuito de otimizar a gestão de resíduos e contribuir para que essa seja sustentável. Para isso, mediante o acompanhamento das atividades diárias, levantamento do volume e composição dos resíduos gerados na execução do edifício buscou-se implantar ações que contribuíssem para a redução da geração de resíduos, reaproveitamento desses no canteiro de obras, bem como a sua reciclagem. Mediante essas práticas buscou-se otimizar as atividades realizadas no canteiro de obras para que houvesse diminuição das perdas, exploração das potencialidades dos resíduos por meio do seu reuso e reciclagem, bem como redução dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da sua disposição final. Sendo assim, constatou-se que construção produziu ao longo dos 17 meses estudados 325 m³ de resíduos da construção civil (RCC), sendo a menor geração mensal em março de 2019 com 5 m³, enquanto a maior ocorreu em abril de 2019 com 69 m³ de resíduos gerados.
Od biblioteki brajlowskiej do cyfrowej, czyli o materiałach alternatywnych i technologiach wspomagających dla użytkowników z niepełnosprawnością wzroku. W kręgu rozważań bibliologiczno-tyflologicznych
Authors: Czerwińska Małgorzata 
Published: March 2020

OD BIBLIOTEKI BRAJLOWSKIEJ DO CYFROWEJ, CZYLI O MATERIAŁACH ALTERNATYWNYCH I TECHNOLOGIACH WSPOMAGAJĄCYCH DLA UŻYTKOWNIKÓW Z NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNOŚCIĄ WZROKU. W KRĘGU ROZWAŻAŃ BIBLIOLOGICZNO-TYFLOLOGICZNYCHŹródła informacji i technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne w zapisach prawnych. Kognitywny proces zachowania się użytkownika z niepełnosprawnością wzroku. Materiały alternatywne i technologie wspomagające we współczesnej bibliotece. Zastosowanie technologii cyfrowych w bibliotekach dla niewidomych w Polsce. FROM A BRAILLE TO A DIGITAL LIBRARY, I.E. ON ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGICAL AIDS FOR USERS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS. REFLECTIONS ON BIBLIOLOGY AND VISUAL IMPAIRMENTAmong groups in society at risk of digital exclusion are people with visual impairments. Yet new technologies expand access to information for the visually impaired; they reduce or even eliminate their reading disability and introduce the visually impaired to information culture. However, this has to be based on a possibility, enshrined in law, of using various materials in alternative formats and with the help of technology. The present paper, based an analysis of documents and participant observation, examines questions concerning key legal solutions regulating access of people with visual impairments to sources of information, and information and communication technologies, as well as the specifi city of the cognitive process of behaviour of visually impaired users. The author presents alternative formats of library material and supporting technologies, particularly modern digital version of the Braille system, tactile graphics and audio description. She also examines the evolution of libraries for the blind. The paper ends with suggestions concerning libraries for visually impaired users and well as proposal of research discourses.
Zasady techniki prawodawczej w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Stępniak Kamil 
Published: March 2020

THE PRINCIPLES OF LEGISLATION TECHNIQUE IN POLAND AND EUROPEAN UNIONThis paper is acomplex summary of problematic principles of legislation technique. European law-making has abig meaning in Polish law. These dual systems affect each other. The principles of legislative techniques in Poland are regulated by the Regulation of the Prime Minister, but not always. Sometimes they were set in abook form. The rules of legislative technique are of great importance for understanding of legislation and the entire legal system. Thanks to them the legislators know what editorial units used in individual acts. Understanding them often allows for better application of the law. European Union Law has its own standards and its own legislative rules. Correlation of Polish law with the European reveals itself even when it is necessary to transpose the EU directives. The method and quality of establishing law in the European Union somehow directly affect the rights in Poland. Therefore, distinguish between the two legal systems and learn how to use them. This paper describes the importance of the principles of correct legislation for both the national agenda, as well as for the European law. It identifies the main concepts. It allows the reader to explore correlations principles of legislative techniques in the EU and Poland.
„Niech zwierzęta mają prawa!” Monitoring ścigania oraz karania sprawców przestępstw przeciwko zwierzętom
Authors: Karaś Dawid 
Published: March 2020

“LET ANIMALS HAVE RIGHTS!” MONITORING PROSECUTION AND PUNISHMENT OF CRIMES AGAINST ANIMALSThe article presents results of monitoring the district prosecutors offices and common courts in 2012–2014 in terms of prosecution and punishment of crimes specified in Animal Protection Act. Study was conducted in 2015 by EKOSTRAŻ and Czarna Owca Pana Kota Foundation as a part of the project “Let animals have rights”, realised within the programme Citizens for Democracy and funded by EOG Funds. In this text author describes some sources of problems connected with prosecution and punishment of crimes against animals and suggests how to solve them. In particular, argues in favor of simplification and modification of statutory criteria of the animal abuse crime in order to expand penalization cases of inhumane treatment of animals.
Classification of chosen OECD countries according to their didactic efficiency with the usage of taxonomic measure of development
Authors: Ćwiąkała-Małys Anna , Mościbrodzka Monika 
Published: March 2020

KLASYFIKACJA WYBRANYCH KRAJÓW OECD WEDŁUG ICH EFEKTYWNOŚCI DYDAKTYCZNEJ Z WYKORZYSTANIEM TAKSONOMICZNEJ MIARY ROZWOJUEdukacja jest jednym z głównych czynników determinujących wzrost społeczny i gospodarczy kraju. Jej wysoki poziom z jednej strony gwarantuje zatrudnienie i możliwość rozwoju zawodowe­go, z drugiej zaś pozwala na zarządzanie gospodarką osobom wykształconym i gotowym do zmian. Realizacja długoterminowego programu „Europa 2020” w państwach Unii odgrywa kluczową rolę w podnoszeniu poziomu edukacji obywateli. Skutkiem realizacji tej strategii powinna być gospo­darka oparta na wiedzy itrosce ospójność społeczną. Zasoby przekazane przez kraj owysokim poziomie edukacji powinny być efektywnie wykorzystywane przez maksymalizację efektów eduka­cyjnych przy danym poziomie finansowania kraju. W warunkach gospodarki rynkowej, globalizacji i siły konkurencji kluczowe znaczenie ma więc skuteczne zarządzanie posiadanymi zasobami. Po­miar efektywności odgrywa nadrzędną rolę nie tylko dla jednostek ekonomicznych, lecz także tych, które działają w określonych warunkach, takich jak uniwersytety. Ocena efektywności w koncepcji ilościowej powinna stanowić jedno z narzędzi podejmowania decyzji ekonomicznej. Im jest ona dokładniejsza, tym dokładniejsza jest informacja ekonomiczna. Celem tej pracy jest porównanie i klasyfikacja wybranych krajów europejskich ze względu na ich skuteczność dydaktyczną. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi kontynuację badań autorów.
Kilka tez o instrumentalizacji prawa i ochronie przed nią
Authors: Wronkowska Sławomira 
Published: March 2020

SOME THESES CONCERNING THE INSTRUMENTALISATION OF LAW AND PROTECTION AGAINST ITUsing the concept of instrumentalisation of law developed in Polish jurisprudence, the author of the article:— points out that the instrumentalisation of law can be attributed to various entities: the legis­lator, those interpreting the provisions of law, those applying the legal norms as well as the authors of the legal doctrine;— distinguishes forms of instrumentalisation by each of these entities;— points to dysfunctional acts of instrumentalisation;— demonstrates some mechanisms counteracting the instrumentalisation of law, mechanisms that are to be found in the very concept of law as developed in Western culture.
Лики старости в рассказах Наталии Толстой
Authors: Urban-Podolan Aleksandra 
Published: March 2020

Pictures of elderliness in Nataliya Tolstoy’s short storiesAlthough the dusk of life is not the focus of Nataliya Tolstoy’s interests, it nevertheless occupies an important place among the issues dealt with by this keen observer and commentator of Soviet and Russian social realities. Assuming that the attitude to the elderly is ameasure of asociety’s humanism, the picture that emerges from Tolstoy’s works speaks very unfavourably of the society to which the writer belonged. The literary portraits of the members of the elder generation reveal the miserable conditions in which they lived in the Russia of the second half of the XX century. Few of her elderly protagonists’ lives are decent — understood here as both material well-being, whereby they can meet their basic needs and sometimes even foster their artistic and intellectual talents, and the access to spiritual goods and their families’ closeness and support, due to which in the twilight of their lives they can feel the sense of life and respect for themselves.Oblicza starości w opowiadaniach Natalii TołstojMimo że jesień życia nie stanowi głównego obiektu zainteresowania Natalii Tołstoj, niemniej jednak problematyka ta organicznie wpisuje się w krąg zagadnień poruszanych przez tę wnikliwą obserwatorkę i komentatorkę rosyjskiej i radzieckiej rzeczywistości społecznej. Jeśli przyjąć, że stosunek do starości jest miernikiem humanitaryzmu społeczeństwa, to obraz, jaki wyłania się z kart utworów Tołstoj, wystawia niepochlebne świadectwo społeczeństwu, do którego należała sama pisarka. Zaprezentowane w opowiadaniach portrety starych ludzi są świadectwem zwykle bardzo niskiego standardu ich życia w Rosji drugiej połowy XX wieku. Tylko nieliczni spośród nich żyją godnie, w dobrobycie, pozwalającym zaspokajać im podstawowe potrzeby, a niekiedy nawet rozwijać potencjał twórczy. Pomaga w tym dostęp do dóbr duchowych oraz bliskość i wsparcie rodziny.
Wampiryczna alternatywa starości w powieści Julii Nabokowej „VIP znaczy wampir”
Authors: Arciszewska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2020

Vampiric alternative of the senescencein the novel of Julia Nabokova VIP znachit vampirThe article Vampiric alternative of the aenescence in the novel of Julia Nabokova “VIP znachit vampir” shows, taking as example the novel VIP Znachit Vampir of the Russian writer Julia Nabokova, the motive of senescence and its rejection realized in vampire context. Nabokova presents the vampirism as opposition to old age. Thevampires are long-living, ever beautiful and healthy creatures, they don’t know illness, weakness, pain and other symptoms of old age. The situation of the vampires and people is in many aspects the same. After all, contemporary society strive to rejection of any results of ageing. However the author of the novel proves that natural process of human life with all life phases is more awaited than ideal vision of life without ageing and death. The writer adds her voice to those researchers who emphasize the fact that elimination of senescence can bring about social neurosis.Вампирическая альтернатива старостив романе Юлии Набоковой VIP значит вампирСтатья Вампирическая альтернатива старости в романе Юлии Набоковой „VIP значит вампир” представляет мотив старости и современный подход к этому мотиву на основе анализа романа современной русской писательницы, которая занимается вампирической темой, так популярной в последние годы так среди литераторов, как и читателей. Набокова рассматривает вампиризм как альтернативу старости, состояние продолжающейся молодости, красоты, жизненной силы, характеризующееся отсутствием болезней, беспомощности и дряхлости. Однако вампиризм в романе российской писательницы показан и с другой точки зрения. Вампирические герои Набоковой ощущают тоску по свойственным человеку чувствам, таким как, например, материнство, которое недоступно вампиру. В итоге герои романа и его автор приходят к выводу, что экзистенциальный процесс со всеми его этапами, не исключая старости и смерти, дает возможность провести жизнь в полном смысле и испытать все ее аспекты, что по мнению многих ученых, спасает от фрустрации и невроза в индивидуальном и социальном контексте.
Altarity/alterity смерті старої людини в українській літературі періоду „смерті молодих”
Authors: Chomenko Halyna 
Published: March 2020

Death altarity/alterity of old man in Ukrainian Literature at the period of “Death of the youth”Rereading of one of the most interesting paradoxical death models built on age differentiation is offered in the article. Deconstructive principles of différаnce and Krinein, typical for mature Ukrainian modernism and first of all for the most outstanding representative Mykola Khvyliovyi, are taken into account. The emphasis is placed on the challenge of trivial experience of death difference at the process of acceptation of poetic, triumphal, sacral emotional experience which is corresponded with Friedrich Nietzsche’s Dionysus-Apollo values. The idea of fragmental thinking is explicated as a correlate of delimitation, ambivalence and hovering over a gap/emptiness, which provide radical novelty of opinions about death connected with the discovery of aporia of its fathomlessness. Texts of the 1920th are considered as the territory of rereading of classical works by modernist writers. The texts represent a part of occidentalis-oriental humanitarian fund. Altarity/alterity смерти старого человекав украинской литературе периода „смерти молодых”В статье предложено прочтение одной из интереснейших парадоксальных моделей смерти, построенной на возрастной дифференциации, с учетом деконструктивистских принципов différаnce и Krinein, органичных для зрелого украинского модернизма и прежде всего для самой яркой личности в нем — Миколы Хвылевого. Акцент сделан на опрокидывании тривиального опыта различения смертей в процессе акцептации поэтического, триумфального, сакрального переживания, соответствующего дионисийско-аполлоновским ценностям Фридриха Ницше. Эксплицируется идея о фрагментарности мышления как коррелята делимитации, амбивалентности и зависания над пробелом/пустотой, обеспечивающих радикальную новизну суждений о смерти, связанной с открытием апории ее бездонности. Тексты 1920-х рассматриваются как территория повторного прочтения писателями-модернистами классических текстов, вошедших в окцидально-ориентальный фонд гуманитаристики.
Doświadczenie przemijania i starości w twórczości Wiktora Paskowa i Stanisława Stratiewa
Authors: Gołek-Sepetliewa Dorota 
Published: March 2020

The experience of passing and old agein the works of Victor Paskov and Stanislav StratievThe literary works of famous Bulgarian authors Stanislav Stratiev 1941–2000 and Victor Paskov 1949–2009 may be viewed in terms of athorough study of the human being and the multidimensionality of its existence. Their reflections about existential problems also involve the experience of passing and old age that have ontological, social, cultural, symbolic and metaphorical dimension. The novel A Ballad for George Henig 1987 by Paskov and the drama On the Other Side 1994 by Stratiev include clear and ambiguous images of the end of the human life. The experience of passing and old age affects aparticular person as apersonality and its relationship with the other people. This subject reveals, on the one hand, the crisis of human relations and values in contemporary Bulgarian society, on the other hand it emphasizes the fragility of the human condition, expressed in the experience of pain, illness, passing, old age and death.Опитът на преходност и старост в творчествотона Виктор Пасков и Станислав СтратиевТворчествотo на известнитe български автори Станислав Стратиев 1941–2000 и Виктор Пасков 1949–2009 можe да бъдe разгледанo кaто по-задълбочено изучаване на човешкото същество и на множествотo измерения на неговия живот. Интересът към екзистенциалните проблеми включва и описание на опита на преходност и старост, който притежава онтологично, социалнo, културнo, символично и метафорично измерение. Романът на Пасков Балада за Георг Хених 1987 и драмата на Стратиев От другатa страна 1994 представят изразителни и нееднозначни картини зa крайния етап от човешкия живот. Опитът на преходност и старост засяга човешкия индивид като личност и отношенията мy с близкитe и по-далечнaтa социална среда. Тeматa разкрива, от една страна, кризата на човешките отношения и на ценноститe в съвременното българското общество, от друга страна — подчертава крехкостта на човешкото съществуване, което се изразява в опита на страдание, заболяване, преходност, старост и смърт.
Poetyckie rozważania o starości ręką kobiecą spisane. Desanka — Urszula — Elisaweta
Authors: Jakóbiec-Semkowowa Milica 
Published: March 2020

Poetic deliberations on senescence written by women. Desanka — Urszula — ElisawetaIn this work we analyse three poetic expressions by Elisaweta Bagriana, Desanka Maksimović and Urszula Kozioł who sincerely share with us the experience of their own senescence. Thephysical symptoms of ageing is perceived by Maksimović with surpise, by Bagriana with understanding and by Kozioł with rebellion. The authors’ state of mind differs from protest and frustration Kozioł and Bagriana to apeaceful surrender connected with understanding of what was meant to come. Each of the authors, regardless of all the differences between them, is able to be fruitful in their writing till their old age and is aware of what she has accomplished poetically, which makes the lives of all the three authors full of sense to them.Песничка расматрања о старости женском руком записана. Десанка — Уршула — Елисавета Три велике песникиње: Елисавета Багрјана, Десанка Максимовић и Уршула Козјол у касним годинама живота искрено описују своје доживљавање старости. Физичке недо­статке гледају са изненађењем Максимовић, разумевањем Багрјана али такође са проте­стом и иронијом Козјол. Расположење се колеба између бунта и горчине Козјол, Багрјана и помирења са судбином, свешћу неминовне пролазности. Свака песникиња, независно од разлика мећу њима, до касних година живота песнички активна, је свесна својих стваралач­ких могућности што даје смисао читавом животу.
Лингвокультурологический анализ концепта «дружба» в рус- ском языке: паремиологический и ассоциативный аспекты
Authors: Bezuglaya Anastasia 
Published: March 2020

Linguo-cultural analysis of the concept of “friendship” in Russian language: paremiological and associative aspectsThe present work is devoted to linguo-cultural analysis of the concept “friendship” in a so- cial and cultural area in Russia. The concept of “friendship” is one of the key concepts of Russian language, which presents a fragment of linguistic picture of the world of Russian linguoculture and the mentality of the inhabitants of modern Russia. Analysis of the material of associative dictionaries, phraseological units and proverbs helped to draw important conclusions, which were subsequently subjected to empirical veriﬁcation. Moreover, questionnaire on associations, which let us explore the concept of “friendship” and examine reactions of native Russian speakers on words-stimulus: friendship male, female, male friend, female friend, friendly, was carried out in this paper.Analiza lingwokulturologiczna konceptu „przyjaźń” w języku rosyjskim: aspekt paremiologiczny i asocjacyjnyNiniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie lingwokulturologicznej konceptu „przyjaźń” w rosyjskiej przestrzeni społeczno-kulturowej. Koncept „przyjaźń” jest jednym z istotnych kon- ceptów języka rosyjskiego, który przedstawia fragment językowego obrazu świata rosyjskiej lin- gwokultury oraz mentalność mieszkańców współczesnych Rosjan. Analiza materiału wyekscer- powanego ze słowników frazeologicznych, paremiologicznych i asocjacyjnych pozwoliła wysnuć wiele wniosków, które następnie zostały poddane weryﬁkacji empirycznej. Ponadto został prze- prowadzony eksperyment asocjacyjny, który pozwolił zbadać koncept „przyjaźń” i prześledzić reakcje rodzimych użytkowników języka rosyjskiego na słowa bodźce: przyjaźń męska, kobieca, przyjaciel, przyjaciółka, przyjacielski.