bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismological Investigations in the Olduvai Basin and Ngorongoro Volcanic Highlands (Western Flank of the North Tanzanian Divergence)
Authors: Parisi Laura , Stanistreet Ian , Njau Jackson , Schick Kathy , Toth Nicholas , Mai Paul Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present data and results of a passive seismic experiment that we operated between June 2016 and May 2018 in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (northern Tanzania), located on the western side of the eastern branch of the Eastern African Rift (EAR) system. The motivation for this experiment is twofold: (1) investigating the extension of the Olduvai basin, referred to also as the “Cradle of Human Mankind,” as it hosted a variety of paleoenvironments exploited by hominins during their evolution; and (2) studying the link between the fault system in the main EAR and in its western flank. We conduct detailed data-quality analysis of the seismic recordings based upon ambient noise characterization and numerical waveform simulations. Our data set is of good quality, and we observe that local magnitude can be overestimated up to at least 0.23, due to wave-amplifications effects occurring at sites with loose sedimentary material. Based on a new but simple approach using power spectral density measurements, we calculate the thickness of sedimentary basins. This allows us to map the bottom of the Olduvai paleolake confirming that its sedimentary record may be at least 200 m deeper than previously inferred from core drilling. We also map the bottom of the Olbalbal depression for the first time. In addition, we present a seismicity map of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area with unprecedented detail. The seismicity depicts the suture zone between the Tanzanian craton and the Mozambique belt and reveals that the fault system in the western flank of the rift merges at depth into a single detachment that joins the Manyara fault on the western side of the main rift valley.
La formación de maestros de biología: una mirada a la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
Authors: Serrato Deysi Liseth 
Published: September 2020

Este artículo de investigación surge de las apuestas realizadas en la tesis del Doctorado Interinstitucional en Educación de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Se busca determinar las condiciones históricas que han posibilitado la formación de maestros de biología en esta universidad y las transformaciones en los planes de estudio. Para eso, se adopta una perspectiva arqueológico-genealógica, a partir de conceptos como saber y poder. Se cuenta con un archivo de más de 500 fuentes documentales, sometidas a procesos de tematización, lectura hipertextual e identificación deregularidades. Los hallazgos muestran que la formación de maestros de biología en Colombia está atravesada por enunciados como desarrollo, modernización, investigación, formación científica, entre otros. Los primeros planes de estudio tienen un enfoque disciplinar biológico, mientras que los componentes pedagógicos y educativos son abordados en menor medida. Esto contrasta con losplanes más recientes, que hacen alusión a la enseñanza de la biología y la relación vivo-vida.
The virus changed everything, didn’t it? Couples’ division of housework and childcare before and during the Corona crisis
Authors: Hank Karsten , Steinbach Anja 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To contribute to the discussion about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender (in)equality.
Background: We focus on a core aspect of gender (in)equality in intimate relationships, namely couples’ division of housework and childcare, and whether this has changed during the Corona crisis.
Method: Our descriptive analysis is based on pre-release data from the German Family Panel (pairfam; Wave 12) and its supplementary Corona web-survey (n=3,108).
Results: We observe no fundamental changes in established aggregate-level patterns of couples’ division of labor, but some shift towards the extremes ('traditional' and 'role reversal') of the distribution. Regarding changes within couples, there is an almost equal split between those in which the female partner’s share in housework and childcare increased and those in which it decreased. Particularly in previously more egalitarian arrangements, a substantial proportion of women is now more likely to be primarily responsible for everything. If male partners increased their relative contribution to housework and childcare, they rarely moved beyond the threshold of an equal split. Changes in employment hours were associated with adaptations of men's, but not women's, relative contribution to domestic and family responsibilities.
Conclusion: Our findings neither support the notion of a 'patriarchal pandemic', nor do they indicate that the Corona crisis might have fostered macro-level trends of gender convergence. We rather observe heterogeneous responses of couples to the 'Corona shock'.
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis coexists with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Siagian Nenci , Bramantono Bramantono , Hadi Usman 
Published: September 2020

Tuberculous Lymphadenitis (TBLN) is most common extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The common symptom of TBLN is cervical lymphadenopathy which is known to mimic numerous pathological conditions like NHL. Coexistency TBLN and lymphoma is a rare. A woman, 56 years old, had chief complaint of cervical masses since 2 months ago. She had history of weight loss, fever and night sweats but no history of chronic cough. From physical examination and supporting examination, the patient was diagnosed with TBLN coexists with NHL. She got antituberculosis drug (ATD) for 2 weeks before chemotherapy. The patient died of septic shock 9 days later after chemotherapy. From HPE examination, TBLN and NHL may show simillar feature so Zhiel-Neelsen staining and Immunohistochemical are important to confirm each disease. ATD was given to supress the mycobacterium activity before chemotherapy. However the patient had febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy and died of septic shock. Both TBLN and NHL may occur with simillar sign and symptom and HPE. Further examinations have to be done to confirm the diagnosis of both disesases. Although ATD had given to prevent Tb infection progresivity. On 7 days after chemotherapy she had febrile neutropenia and lead to death due to septic shock.
EQUADOR E BOLÍVIA: MODELOS PARA CONSTRUIR O ESTADO DE DIREITO ECOLÓGICO DO BRASIL?
Authors: Melo Nascimento Laura Fernanda , Garrett Lidorio Vivianne , Pereira Pontes Filho Raimundo 
Published: September 2020

Em um contexto de agravamento dos desafios ecológicos, o artigo busca investigar a contribuição de modelos ecológicos adotados por países andinos, mais especificamente do Equador e da Bolívia – “Bem viver” ou “Viver bem” – considerando que vêm sendo apresentados como proposta à construção adaptada de um modelo de Estado Ecológico de Direito no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Realizou-se revisão bibliográfica, com pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem puramente teórica e propósito exploratório, a fim de demonstrar a base essencialmente cultural dos modelos que estruturam o giro biocêntrico no novo constitucionalismo latino-americano. Demonstra-se necessidade de cautela na importação de tais modelos, uma vez que possuem bases estruturais e realidades culturais, sociais e políticas distintas das verificadas no Brasil. Finaliza-se com ênfase ao diálogo intercultural na superação de desafios e refundação da realidade ambiental no país, avançando em direção à concepção de um Estado Ecológico de Direito brasileiro.
In a context of aggravating ecological challenges, the article seeks to investigate the contribution of ecological models adopted by Andean countries, more specifically from Ecuador and Bolivia - “Well live” or “Live well” - considering that they have been presented as a proposal to the adapted construction of an ecological law model in the Brazilian legal system. A bibliographic review was carried out, with qualitative research, a purely theoretical approach and exploratory purpose in order to demonstrate the cultural basis that structure the biocentric perspective in the new Latin American constitucionalism. It demonstrates the need for caution in the importation of such models, since they have structural bases and cultural, social and political realities different from those verified in Brazil. It finalizes with an emphasis on intercultural dialogue in overcoming challenges and rebuilding the environmental reality in the country, moving towards the concept of an Ecological State of Brazilian Law.
GÊNESE, FUNÇÃO E COMPREENSÃO DOS NOVOS DIREITOS PRIVADOS
Authors: Silva Leila Bitencourt Reis da , Nogueira Roberto Henrique Porto , Souza Iara Antunes de 
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de revelar o papel do Direito Privado no contexto das transformações sociais e da correlata busca pela justiça social e pela efetivação dos direitos fundamentais. A partir disso, traça um cenário geral sobre perspectivas teóricas para a compreensão dos novos direitos, em especial os novos direitos privados, cuja discussão é edificante de projetos plurais de dignidades, bem como de posições jurídicas negociais. A hipótese consiste na ideia de que o Direito Privado não fica alheio às reinvindicações emergentes da dinâmica social. Utiliza-se da vertente teórico-dogmática por meio do uso de dados coletados em fonte primária e secundária, bibliográfica e documentalmente. Ao final, é possível concluir que os novos direitos são caracterizados e voltados à promoção do desocultamento de situações sociais não tratadas adequadamente pelo Direito Privado. Destaca-se também a concepção de novos direitos que não tem relação com o aspecto meramente cronológico, visto que a marca diferencial dos novos direitos é a sua relação com uma leitura que tem como premissa a admissão do pluralismo epistemológico.
Outcome of Sacropelvic Resection and Reconstruction Based on a Novel Classification System
Authors: Houdek Matthew T. , Wellings Elizabeth P. , Moran Steven L. , Bakri Karim , Dozois Eric J. , Mathis Kellie L. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Sim Franklin H. , Rose Peter S. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Sacral tumor resections require a multidisciplinary approach to achieve a cure and a functional outcome. Currently, there is no accepted classification system that provides a means to communicate among the multidisciplinary teams in terms of approach, osseous resection, reconstruction, and acceptable functional outcome. The purpose of this study was to report the outcome of sacral tumor resection based on our classification system.

Methods:
In this study, 196 patients (71 female and 125 male) undergoing an oncologic en bloc sacrectomy were reviewed. The mean age (and standard deviation) was 49 ± 16 years, and the mean body mass index was 27.2 ± 6.4 kg/m2. The resections included 130 sarcomas (66%). The mean follow-up was 7 ± 5 years.

Results:
Resections included total sacrectomy (Type 1A: 20 patients [10%]) requiring reconstruction, subtotal sacrectomy (Type 1B: 5 patients [3%]) requiring reconstruction, subtotal sacrectomy (Type 1C: 104 patients [53%]) not requiring reconstruction, hemisacrectomy (Type 2: 29 patients [15%]), external hemipelvectomy and hemisacrectomy (Type 3: 32 patients [16%]), total sacrectomy and external hemipelvectomy (Type 4: 5 patients [3%]), and hemicorporectomy (Type 5: 1 patient [1%]). The disease-specific survival was 66% at 5 years and 52% at 10 years. Based on the classification, the 5-year disease-specific survival was 34% for Type 1A, 100% for Type 1B, 71% for Type 1C, 65% for Type 2, 57% for Type 3, 100% for Type 4, and 100% for Type 5 (p < 0.001). Tumor recurrence occurred in 67 patients, including isolated local recurrence (14 patients), isolated metastatic disease (31 patients), and combined local and metastatic disease (22 patients). At 5 years, the local recurrence-free survival was 77% and the metastasis-free survival was 68%. Complications occurred in 153 patients (78%), most commonly wound complications (95 patients [48%]). Following the procedure, 154 patients (79%) were ambulatory, and the mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS93) score was 60% ± 23%.

Conclusions:
Although resections of sacral malignancies are associated with complications, they can be curative in a majority of patients, with a majority of patients ambulatory with an acceptable functional outcome considering the extent of the resection. At our institution, this classification allows for communication between surgical teams and implies a surgical approach, staging, reconstruction, and potential functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Determining Diagnostic Thresholds for Acute Postoperative Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Sukhonthamarn Kamolsak , Tan Timothy L. , Xu Chi , Kuo Feng-Chih , Lee Mel S. , Citak Mustafa , Gehrke Thorsten , Goswami Karan , Parvizi Javad 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in the early postoperative period remains a challenge. Although studies have established that serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and synovial markers may be useful, recent studies have suggested that the current thresholds used may lack sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of serum CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), synovial fluid white blood-cell (WBC) count, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) percentage in the diagnosis of acute postoperative PJI and to identify the optimal threshold.

Methods:
This multicenter study included patients who were investigated for possible PJI within 90 days of an index arthroplasty. This study included 197 patients from 4 institutions who underwent total joint arthroplasty from 2000 to 2017. Of these patients, 123 were confirmed to have PJI, and 74 were ruled out as not having PJI (non-infected group). Analyses of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve were performed to determine the value of each test and optimal cutoff values.

Results:
The optimal cutoff value was 6,130 cells/μL for synovial fluid WBC count (91% sensitivity and 83% specificity), 39.8 mg/L for serum CRP (91% sensitivity and 87% specificity), 39.5 mm/hr for ESR (76% sensitivity and 67% specificity), and 79.5% for PMN percentage (95% sensitivity and 59% specificity). Reducing the acute period from 90 days to 30 days or 45 days made little difference in most threshold values. However, the optimal cutoff for synovial fluid WBC count was almost twice as high (10,170 cells/μL) when using a 30-day definition instead of a 90-day definition.

Conclusions:
The calculated cutoffs in our study were substantially lower than the thresholds used by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society. The calculated values of this study should be used, as previous cutoffs may be too high and lack sensitivity. In addition, it appears that the threshold values, at least for some of the tests, change as the duration since the index arthroplasty lengthens. A continuum of threshold values that is dependent on the number of days since the index arthroplasty may need to be used for the diagnosis of acute PJI.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Assessment of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Supraspinatus Tendinopathy
Authors: Zhang Xueying , Wada Susumu , Zhang Ying , Chen Daoyun , Deng Xiang-Hua , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: September 2020

Background:The purpose of this study was to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine model of supraspinatus tendinopathy.Methods:Eighty-four mice (168 limbs) were included in the study. Supraspinatus tendinopathy was induced by inserting a microsurgical clip in the subacromial space of 63 mice bilaterally (126 limbs). Forty-two of these limbs were harvested at 4 weeks postoperatively, 42 underwent clip removal at 4 weeks after the initial procedure and were harvested at 2 weeks, and 42 underwent clip removal at 4 weeks and were harvested at 4 weeks. Forty-two limbs in the remaining 21 mice did not undergo surgical intervention and were utilized as the control group. Outcomes included biomechanical, histological, gene expression, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses.Results:Radiographs confirmed stable clip position in the subacromial space at 4 weeks. Biomechanical testing demonstrated a 60% decrease in failure force of the supraspinatus tendons at 4 weeks compared with the control group. The failure force gradually increased at 2 and 4 weeks after clip removal. Histological analysis demonstrated inflammation surrounding the tendon with higher modified Bonar scores at 4 weeks after clip placement followed by gradual improvement following clip removal. The expression of mitochondrial-related genes was decreased at 4 weeks after clip placement and then significantly increased after clip removal. SOD activity decreased significantly at 4 weeks after clip placement but increased following clip removal. TEM images demonstrated alterations in morphology and the number of mitochondria and cristae at 4 weeks after clip placement with improvement after clip removal.Conclusions:Mitochondrial dysfunction appears to be associated with the development of tendinopathy.Clinical Relevance:Mitochondrial protection may offer a potential strategy for delaying the development of tendinopathy and promoting tendon healing.
Interpreting Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Docter Shgufta , Fathalla Zina , Lukacs Michael J. , Khan Michaela C.M. , Jennings Morgan , Liu Shu-Hsuan , Dong Susan , Getgood Alan , Bryant Dianne M. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement recommends that studies report results beyond p values and include treatment effect(s) and measures of precision (e.g., confidence intervals [CIs]) to facilitate the interpretation of results. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the reporting and interpretation of patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) results in clinical studies from high-impact orthopaedic journals, to determine the proportion of studies that (1) only reported a p value; (2) reported a treatment effect, CI, or minimal clinically important difference (MCID); and (3) offered an interpretation of the results beyond interpreting a p value.

Methods:
We included studies from 5 high-impact-factor orthopaedic journals published in 2017 and 2019 that compared at least 2 intervention groups using PROMs.

Results:
A total of 228 studies were analyzed, including 126 randomized controlled trials, 35 prospective cohort studies, 61 retrospective cohort studies, 1 mixed cohort study, and 5 case-control studies. Seventy-six percent of studies (174) reported p values exclusively to express and interpret between-group differences, and only 22.4% (51) reported a treatment effect (mean difference, mean change, or odds ratio) with 95% CI. Of the 54 studies reporting a treatment effect, 31 interpreted the results using an important threshold (MCID, margin, or Cohen d), but only 3 interpreted the CIs. We found an absolute improvement of 35.5% (95% CI, 20.8% to 48.4%) in the reporting of the MCID between 2017 and 2019.

Conclusions:
The majority of interventional studies reporting PROMs do not report CIs around between-group differences in outcome and do not define a clinically meaningful difference. A p value cannot effectively communicate the readiness for implementation in a clinical setting and may be misleading. Thus, reporting requirements should be expanded to require authors to define and provide a rationale for between-group clinically important difference thresholds, and study findings should be communicated by comparing CIs with these thresholds.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair: The Current Status
Authors: Hughes Jonathan D. , Lawton Cort D. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Pearle Andrew D. , Musahl Volker 
Published: September 2020

UpdateThis article was updated on December 31, 2020, because of a previous error. On page 1911, in the section entitled “Short-Term Clinical Results,” the sentence that had read “An ongoing, nonrandomized cohort study has been comparing the BEAR procedure with ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft14,67.” now reads “An ongoing, nonrandomized cohort study has been comparing the BEAR procedure with ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft14.”An erratum has been published: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021 Feb 3;103(3):e14.➤ Failure rates for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair are greater than those for ACL reconstruction.➤ There are no long-term outcome studies for ACL repairs, as far as we know, and postoperative protocols including physical therapy progression and return-to-play criteria following ACL repair have not been established.➤ There are currently insufficient data to support utilization of ACL repair in all patients and tear types.➤ ACL reconstruction remains the gold standard surgical option for patients with ACL tears.
Proportion of unplanned pregnancies, their determinants and health outcomes of women delivering at a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranatunga Jayani Chalindra , Jayaratne Kapila 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Unplanned pregnancy is a significant public health issue in both low- and high-income countries. The burden of unplanned pregnancy is reflected in women opting for pregnancy terminations and it can be detrimental to the women and her family as well as the health system and society. Solid data on the proportion of unplanned pregnancies are using more specific tools such as the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) needed to address the issue in Sri Lankan contexts. The objective was to describe the proportion of unplanned pregnancies, their determinants and the health outcomes of women delivering at Colombo North Teaching Hospital-Ragama (CNTH). Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 494 consecutive pregnant women selected by non-probability consecutive sampling who were admitted for the confinement at CNTH. A pre-tested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on antenatal women and intentionality measured by self-administered six-item LMUP. Maternal and newborn health outcomes were ascertained in each post-partum women before discharge. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and spearman rank correlation. We also evaluated the psychometric properties of the Sinhalese version of LMUP. Results The response rate was 97.8% and 17.2% of pregnancies ending at birth were unplanned, 12.7% were ambivalent and 70.1% were planned.Associated factor profile of women with unplanned pregnancies includes; not married women (p=0.001), educated up to the passing of GCE ordinary level by women (p<0.001) and spouse (p<0.001), primiparity (p=0.002) and inadequate knowledge on emergency contraceptives (p=0.037). Less planned pregnancies were also significantly associated with anemia (p=0.004), low mood for last two weeks (p<0.001), having a partner with problematic alcohol consumption (p<0.001), presence of Gender-Based Violence (GBV) (p<0.001), poor relationship satisfaction with partner (p<0.001) and family (p<0.001). Inadequate pre-pregnancy preparation and antenatal care were associated with an unplanned pregnancy. No differences were found in neonatal outcomes. Sinhalese version of the LMUP scale was found to be accepted, valid and reliable with the Cronbach's alpha of 0.936. Conclusions A sizeable proportion of pregnancies were unplanned. Teenage pregnancies, non-marital relationships and inadequate knowledge on emergency contraceptives, maternal anemia, low mood, and GBV were modifiable associated factors which could be prevented by evidence-based locally applicable approaches.