bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the Intergalactic Turbulence with Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Xu Siyao , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The turbulence in the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM) plays an important role in various astrophysical processes across cosmic time, but it is very challenging to constrain its statistical properties both observationally and numerically. Via the statistical analysis of turbulence along different sight lines toward a population of fast radio bursts (FRBs), we demonstrate that FRBs provide a unique tool to probe the intergalactic turbulence. We measure the structure function (SF) of dispersion measures (DMs) of FRBs to study the multiscale electron density fluctuations induced by the intergalactic turbulence. The SF has a large amplitude and a Kolmogorov power-law scaling with angular separations, showing large and correlated DM fluctuations over a range of length scales. Given that the DMs of FRBs are IGM dominated, our result tentatively suggests that the intergalactic turbulence has a Kolmogorov power spectrum and an outer scale on the order of 100 Mpc.
Ecosystem services from mountain forest ecosystems: conceptual framework, approach and challenges
Authors: Glushkova Maria , Zhiyanski Miglena , Nedkov Stoyan , Yaneva Rositsa , Stoeva Lora 
Published: July 2020

Mountain ecosystems play an essential role in sustainable mountain development, providing benefits and values to humanity not only for the rich biodiversity they contain, but also because of their important role in climate regulation, water cycle, provisioning of recreation, tourism, cultural or spiritual values. The high biodiversity of the mountain areas allow the provision of a wide range of ecosystem services. However, different impacts to the environment threaten the delivery of these services and, consequently, the quality of life of people, both living in the mountains and outside the mountains. Recognizing, demonstrating and capturing the value of ecosystem services can play an important role in setting policy directions for ecosystem management and conservation and, thus, in increasing the provision of ecosystem services and their contributions to human well-being. Quantifying and mapping of these benefits can also help managers and decision makers to realize the importance of these sites for conservation and to allow the proper understandings of the impacts of mountain forest ecosystems on territorial development and welfare of local populations.
The paper aims to outline the relevance and applicability of the ecosystem services approach for the assessment of the condition of mountain ecosystems and the services, they provide, for better understanding by the scientific community and to support decision makers in sustainable management of mountain regions.
Productivité des entreprises, technologie et statut exportateur, qu’avons-nous appris des industries égyptiennes ?
Authors: Chaffai Mohamed , Plane Patrick 
Published: July 2020

Nous examinons dans quelle mesure le statut exportateur, la technologie et la productivité des entreprises industrielles égyptiennes sont liés. Pour cinq industries (agroalimentaire, chimie, confection, métal, textiles), deux classes de technologie sont statistiquement identifiées à partir de l’estimation des modèles de fonctions de production à classes latentes (LCM). La technologie s’avère être le principal déterminant des écarts de productivité entre les entreprises. La technologie la plus productive est adoptée par une plus grande proportion d’entreprises exportatrices que non exportatrices. En contrôlant pour la technologie, les exportateurs ont par ailleurs des niveaux d’efficacité technique plus élevés. Dans les industries des métaux et des textiles, les jeunes exportateurs surclassent les plus anciens et le statut d’exportateur semble prédéterminé par une longue présence sur le marché intérieur. Codes JEL : D24, L25, L60, O14.
Enfants Sans Frontières. Une perspective alternative pour penser l’aide extérieure à l’éducation
Authors: Mingat Alain 
Published: July 2020

Alors qu’une partie des discussions sur l’aide au développement vise l’amélioration de la situation individuelle des enfants (qu’ils soient éduqués, vaccinés, protégés…), les actions engagées sont, pour des raisons pratiques, menées dans des relations entre agences d’aide et pays récipiendaires. Ceci peut conduire à une disjonction entre les intentions génériques et les réalisations concrètes (et créer des difficultés en matière d’équité si la coordination des agences d’aide est « imparfaite »). L’article propose une identification des besoins individuels des enfants en éducation sur une base objectivée et sur un territoire fictif constitué de plusieurs (neuf) pays, les besoins étant évalués indépendamment du pays de résidence. Il est alors possible de confronter le volume des besoins dans chaque pays du territoire considéré avec le volume de l’aide dont il bénéficie effectivement, et de disposer ainsi d’éléments d’évaluation du dispositif global d’aide à l’éducation. Codes JEL : I22, O15.
B Lymphocyte–Derived CCL7 Augments Neutrophil and Monocyte Recruitment, Exacerbating Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Inaba Akimichi , Tuong Zewen K. , Riding Alexandra M. , Mathews Rebeccah J. , Martin Jack L. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Clatworthy Menna R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious condition affecting one fifth of hospital inpatients. B lymphocytes have immunological functions beyond Ab production and may produce cytokines and chemokines that modulate inflammation. In this study, we investigated leukocyte responses in a mouse model of AKI and observed an increase in circulating and kidney B cells, particularly a B220low subset, following AKI. We found that B cells produce the chemokine CCL7, with the potential to facilitate neutrophil and monocyte recruitment to the injured kidney. Siglec-G–deficient mice, which have increased numbers of B220low innate B cells and a lower B cell activation threshold, had increased Ccl7 transcripts, increased neutrophil and monocyte numbers in the kidney, and more severe AKI. CCL7 blockade in mice reduced myeloid cell infiltration into the kidney and ameliorated AKI. In two independent cohorts of human patients with AKI, we observed significantly higher CCL7 transcripts compared with controls, and in a third cohort, we observed an increase in urinary CCL7 levels in AKI, supporting the clinical importance of this pathway. Together, our data suggest that B cells contribute to early sterile inflammation in AKI via the production of leukocyte-recruiting chemokines.
Motivation Factors for Job Satisfaction among Employees of Primary Health Care Centres in Benue State, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Utoo PM , Agishi TV 
Published: July 2020

Background: Delivery of effective healthcare for the attainment of health sector goals and objectives requires committed human resource. The aim of the study was to assess the level of satisfaction of Primary Health Care workers in Benue State, to determine knowledge and preferences regarding motivational factors and utilisation of such by their employers to enhance job performance.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using a multistage sampling technique. Data were obtained via the use of a semi structured self-administered questionnaire. EpiInfo version 3.3.2 statistical software was used to analyse the data.
Results: Over half (63.9%) of the respondents were satisfied with their job due to on the job gain of experiences and prompt payment of salary. Good communication (53.6%) and training opportunities (56.7) were motivating factors in use by their employers. Provision of drugs (59.8%), prompt payment of salaries (55.7%) and promotion of staff (54.6%) were respondent's preferred motivational factors.
Conclusion: Over fifty percent of workers were satisfied with their Jobs. The identified factors responsible for workers motivation and preferences if given adequate attention would positively influence the quality of healthcare. Healthcare Managers should therefore pay close attention to allow employees participate in their decision making. Additionally, ensure availability of work equipment and improvement on workers welfare package to achieve job satisfaction and positive patient outcome.
Reseñas de libros y tesís doctorales
Authors: Varios Autores 
Published: July 2020

<ul><li>Libro: NYC relatos gráficos / graphic chronicles. Reseñado por: Pablo Rodríguez-Navarro (Universitat Politècnica de València)</li><li>Libro: On the path of Louis Kahn. Reseñado por: Pedro Molina-Siles (Universitat Politècnica de València)</li><li>Tesis: Análisis comparativo de la arquitectura gótica en los reinos de Aragón y Nápoles (S.XIII-XV). Reseñado por: Noelia Cervero Sánchez (Universidad de Zaragoza)</li><li>Tesis: Protocolo HBMI para una gestión eficiente del uso público del patrimonio arquitectónico. Reseñado por: María José Viñals Blasco &amp; Jorge Luis García-Valldecabres (Universitat Politècnica de València)</li><li>Tesis: Modelos y métodos de participación del usuario en el diseño de productos y servicios. Reseñado por: Marina Puyuelo Cazorla (Universitat Politècnica de València)</li></ul>
Contrasting sources and processes of particulate species in haze days with low and high relative humidity in wintertime Beijing
Authors: Huang Ru-Jin , He Yao , Duan Jing , Li Yongjie , Chen Qi , Zheng Yan , Chen Yang , Hu Weiwei , Lin Chunshui , Ni Haiyan , Dai Wenting , Cao Junji , Wu Yunfei , Zhang Renjian , Xu Wei , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Ceburnis Darius , Hoffmann Thorsten , O'Dowd Colin D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Although there are many studies of particulate matter (PM) pollution in
Beijing, the sources and processes of secondary PM species during haze
periods remain unclear. Limited studies have investigated the PM formation
in highly polluted environments under low- and high-relative-humidity (RH)
conditions. Herein, we present a systematic comparison of species in
submicron particles (PM1) in wintertime Beijing (29 December 2014 to 28 February 2015) for clean periods and pollution periods under low- and high-RH conditions. PM1 species were measured with an aerosol chemical species
monitor (ACSM) and an Aethalometer. Sources and processes for organic
aerosol (OA) were resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF) with
a multilinear engine 2 (ME-2). The comparisons for clean, low-RH pollution
and high-RH pollution periods are made from three different aspects, namely
(a) mass concentration, (b) mass fraction and (c) growth rate in diurnal
profiles. OA is the dominant component of PM1, with an average mass
concentration of 56.7 µg m−3 (46 %) during high-RH pollution and
67.7 µg m−3 (54 %) during low-RH pollution periods. Sulfate had
higher concentration and mass fraction during high-RH pollution periods,
while nitrate had higher concentration and mass fraction during low-RH
pollution periods. The diurnal variations of nitrate and oxygenated organic
aerosol (OOA) showed a daytime increase in their concentrations during all
three types of periods. Nitrate had similar growth rates during low-RH (0.40 µg m−3 h−1) and high-RH (0.55 µg m−3 h−1)
pollution periods. OOA had a higher growth rate during low-RH pollution
periods (1.0 µg m−3 h−1) than during high-RH pollution
periods (0.40 µg m−3 h−1). In contrast, sulfate had a
decreasing trend during low-RH pollution periods, while it increased
significantly with a growth rate of 0.81 µg m−3 h−1 during
high-RH pollution periods. These distinctions in mass concentrations, mass
fractions and daytime growth rates may be explained by the difference in
the formation processes affected by meteorological conditions. In
particular, photochemical oxidation and aqueous-phase processes may both
produce sulfate and nitrate. The relative importance of the two pathways,
however, differs under different meteorological conditions. Additional OOA
formation under high-RH (> 70 %) conditions suggests
aqueous-related formation pathways. This study provides a general picture of
the haze formation in Beijing under different meteorological conditions.
Efficient multi-scale Gaussian process regression for massive remote sensing data with satGP v0.1.2
Authors: Susiluoto Jouni , Spantini Alessio , Haario Heikki , Härkönen Teemu , Marzouk Youssef 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Satellite remote sensing provides a global view to processes on Earth that has unique benefits compared to making measurements on the ground, such as global coverage and enormous data volume. The typical downsides are spatial and temporal gaps and potentially low data quality. Meaningful statistical inference from such data requires overcoming these problems and developing efficient and robust computational tools.
We design and implement a computationally efficient multi-scale Gaussian process (GP) software package, satGP, geared towards remote sensing applications. The software is able to handle problems of enormous sizes and to compute marginals and sample from the random field conditioning on at least hundreds of millions of observations. This is achieved by optimizing the computation by, e.g., randomization and splitting the problem into parallel local subproblems which aggressively discard uninformative data. We describe the mean function of the Gaussian process by approximating marginals of a Markov random field (MRF). Variability around the mean is modeled with a multi-scale covariance kernel, which consists of Matérn, exponential, and periodic components. We also demonstrate how winds can be used to inform covariances locally.
The covariance kernel parameters are learned by calculating an approximate marginal maximum likelihood estimate, and the validity of both the multi-scale approach and the method used to learn the kernel parameters is verified in synthetic experiments. We apply these techniques to a moderate size ozone data set produced by an atmospheric chemistry model and to the very large number of observations retrieved from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) satellite. The satGP software is released under an open-source license.
Historical Northern Hemisphere snow cover trends and projected changes in the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble
Authors: Mudryk Lawrence , Santolaria-Otín María , Krinner Gerhard , Ménégoz Martin , Derksen Chris , Brutel-Vuilmet Claire , Brady Mike , Essery Richard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of observed and simulated historical
snow cover extent and snow mass, along with future snow cover
projections from models participating in the World
Climate Research Programme Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
Phase 6 (CMIP6). Where appropriate, the CMIP6 output is compared to CMIP5
results in order to assess progress (or absence thereof) between
successive model generations. An ensemble of six observation-based
products is used to produce a new time series of historical Northern
Hemisphere snow extent anomalies and trends; a subset of four of these
products is used for snow mass. Trends in snow extent over 1981–2018
are negative in all months and exceed -50×103 km2 yr−1 during November, December, March, and May. Snow
mass trends are approximately −5 Gt yr−1 or more for all
months from December to May. Overall, the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble
better represents the snow extent climatology over the 1981–2014
period for all months, correcting a low bias in CMIP5. Simulated snow
extent and snow mass trends over the 1981–2014 period are stronger in
CMIP6 than in CMIP5, although large inter-model spread remains in the
simulated trends for both variables. There is a single linear
relationship between projected spring snow extent and global surface
air temperature (GSAT) changes, which is valid across all CMIP6 Shared
Socioeconomic Pathways. This finding suggests that Northern Hemisphere
spring snow extent will decrease by about 8 % relative to the
1995–2014 level per degree Celsius of GSAT increase. The
sensitivity of snow to temperature forcing largely explains the
absence of any climate change pathway dependency, similar to other
fast-response components of the cryosphere such as sea ice and near-surface permafrost extent.
Authors: Zapata Laura , Pineda José Luis 
Published: July 2020

La gestión de conocimiento es un proceso determinante para sostener una ventaja competitiva sostenible en empresas que compiten en entornos dinámicos. Estas empresas no solamente
tienen recursos tecnológicos relevantes, sino que deben mostrar flexibilidad y capacidad administrativa para coordinar efectivamente sus competencias internas. Los procesos de generación y
transferencia del conocimiento son analizados en esta investigación por medio de un estudio de casos de cuatro pequeñas empresas del sector de las tecnologías de la información en Barcelona. Como resultado del estudio, se ha diseñado un modelo conceptual en el cual la generación de conocimiento es posible a través de la adquisición de conocimiento externo y de la creación interna de conocimiento. Este último proceso es facilitado por la motivación personal y por la oportunidad de aprender de los miembros de la organización. La transferencia del conocimiento se lleva a cabo a través de la utilización de mecanismos formales e informales de comunicación. Aun cuando los mecanismos formales como los documentos y el Intranet proveen de un fuerte apoyo a este proceso, los empleados prefieren transferir su conocimiento de una forma personal, cara a cara.
Authors: González A. Marcelo 
Published: July 2020

Este estudio analiza la posibilidad de obtener beneficios económicos (ajustados por riesgo) mediante dos estrategias basadas únicamente en la serie histórica de precios. La estrategia Contrarian, De Bondt y Thaler (1985), que confía en el cambio de sentido de los precios, y estrategia Momentum, Jegadeesh y Titman (1993), que se basa en la continuación de la trayectoria seguida por el precio. La estrategia contrarian clasifica las acciones de acuerdo a sus rendimientos en un período previo de cinco años, y recomienda comprar los perdedores pasados y vender los ganadores pasados y mantenerlos durante un período de tres a cinco años. La estrategia momentum de forma similar a la anterior, pero para períodos de tres a doce meses recomienda la compra de ganadores pasados y la venta de perdedores pasados. Al probar la existencia de estas anomalías en el mercado chileno se encuentra rentabilidades (teóricas) significativas para la
estrategia contrarian para un período de formación y prueba de 24 meses y rentabilidades significativas para la estrategia de momentum para un período de formación y prueba de 6 meses.
Authors: Avendaño Luis , Rodríguez Arturo 
Published: July 2020

Las acciones de Blanco y Negro nos permiten analizar el impacto de la información en el precio de las acciones. En nuestro trabajo analizamos el periodo entre el año 2005 y el 2009 e incluye la
participación del equipo en nueve torneos. Los resultados de nuestro estudio sugieren que los inversores reaccionan de manera asimétrica ante los resultados de los partidos. En concreto, las pérdidas inesperadas inducen rentabilidades anormalmente negativas, mientras que los resultados esperados no afectan significativamente el desempeño financiero.
Recent Advances in Digestive Tract Tumors: Updates From the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization “Blue Book”
Authors: Gonzalez Raul S. , Raza Anwar , Propst Robert , Adeyi Oyedele , Bateman Justin , Sopha Sabrina C. , Shaw Janet , Auerbach Aaron 
Published: July 2020

Context.—
The World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Digestive System Tumors, 5th edition, was published in 2019 and shows several impactful changes as compared with the 4th edition published in 2010. Changes include a revised nomenclature of serrated lesions and revamping the classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Appendiceal goblet cell adenocarcinoma is heavily revised, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is split into 2 subtypes. New subtypes of colorectal carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma are described. Precursor lesions are emphasized with their own entries, and both dysplastic and invasive lesions are generally recommended to be graded using a 2-tier system. Hematolymphoid tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and genetic tumor syndromes each have their own sections in the 5th edition. New hematolymphoid lesions include monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma; duodenal-type follicular lymphoma; intestinal T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified; and indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper will provide an in-depth look at the changes in the 5th edition as compared with the 4th edition.

Objective.—
To provide a comprehensive, in-depth update on the World Health Organization classification of digestive tumors, including changes to nomenclature, updated diagnostic criteria, and newly described entities.

Data Sources.—
The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours: Digestive System Tumours, as well as the 4th edition.

Conclusions.—
The World Health Organization has made many key changes in its newest update on tumors of the digestive system. Pathologists should be aware of these changes and incorporate them into their practice as able or necessary.
Redesigning Technical Services for the 21st Century: A Case Study from the University of Alabama Libraries
Authors: Arthur Michael A , Jackson Millie L 
Published: July 2020

The University of Alabama Libraries began the process of workflow analysis over a decade ago. Primarily focused on the traditional technical services areas, this process has been iterative and has evolved from looking for efficiencies to a broader change in the culture and an acceptance of an ongoing process of improvement. This article distills lessons learned from workflow analysis in the areas of acquisitions, electronic resources, and cataloging/metadata but also examines how these changes impacted the broader library and philosophies of collection development and management.
Territórios de cuidado: reflexões sobre ética e a prática do cuidado na velhice.
Authors: Veiga Marcia Regina Medeiros 
Published: July 2020

A partir de um estudo etnográfico desenvolvido em Coimbra, Portugal, durante os anos 2013 a 2017, que teve como sujeitos as relações estabelecidas entre pessoas idosas e seus territórios de vivência e maior permanência e frequência, este artigo propõe uma reflexão acerca do cuidado. Historicamente, o cuidado tem pontuado relações fortemente hierárquicas, envolvendo vulnerabilidades e desigualdades sociais, econômicas, etárias e de gênero. Esta hierarquização tende a fragilizar os sujeitos que, dependendo da relação estabelecida, encontram-se na posição de quem é cuidado ou, inversamente, de quem cuida. Por outro lado, as abordagens acadêmicas a respeito do cuidado têm privilegiado as questões relativas ao trabalho, nomeadamente ao trabalho doméstico e à prestação de serviços educativos, de saúde ou estéticos. As reflexões aqui sugeridas pretendem aprofundar a temática do cuidado enquanto ethose práxispossíveis e necessárias, que atravessam as relações sociais e que tenham como ponto originário, dialético e de encontro os territórios de proximidade.