bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food allergy prevention: current evidence
Authors: Baker Mary Grace , Nowak-Wegrzyn Anna 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of the article is to critically appraise the most relevant studies in the rapidly advancing field of food allergy prevention.

Recent findings
Epidemiologic studies identified atopic dermatitis as a strong risk factor for food allergy, with mounting evidence for impaired skin barrier and cutaneous inflammation in the pathogenesis. Additional risk factors include a family history of atopy, the timing of allergenic food introduction into the infant's diet, dietary diversity, vitamin D, and environmental factors, such as dog ownership. Early introduction of allergenic foods (such as peanut) into the infant diet was shown to significantly reduce the risk of food allergy in infants with risk factors, whereas studies targeting skin barrier function have produced conflicting results. Cumulative evidence supports dietary diversity during pregnancy, breastfeeding, infancy, and early childhood.

Summary
A variety of interventions have been evaluated for the prevention of atopic dermatitis and food allergy, often producing conflicting results. At present, official guidelines encourage breastfeeding and early allergenic food introduction for infants at risk for food allergy, with an emphasis on dietary diversity, fruits, vegetables, fish, and food sources of vitamin D during pregnancy, lactation, and early life for all infants.
Comparing open-radical cystectomy and robot-assisted radical cystectomy: current status and analysis of the evidence
Authors: Khetrapal Pramit , Conroy Samantha , Kelly John D. , Catto James W.F. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of reviewRadical cystectomy is the definitive surgical treatment for aggressive bladder cancer. The robotic platform offers a new approach to radical cystectomy, but the benefits are unclear. This review examines the latest evidence, with a particular focus on developments in the last two years.Recent findingsProspective evaluations of open (ORC) and robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) are emerging. The radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer trial reported in 2018 and demonstrated oncological noninferiority for both approaches and marginal shorter length of stays with RARC using an extracorporeal reconstruction. The trial confirmed prospective randomized comparisons are possible, and replicates observations from two earlier, smaller randomised controlled trials with longer follow-up. Although there has been significant traction to the intracorporeal approach to RARC, randomized trial evidence is awaited to show any benefit over ORC.SummaryNew evidence alludes to the noninferiority of the robotic platform in radical cystectomy in comparison to open surgery. There is minimal evidence of a clinically meaningful benefit. Until this is addressed, ORC remains the gold standard for the definitive surgical management of bladder cancer.
Climate Change and Risk of Completed Suicide
Authors: Dumont Caroline , Haase Elizabeth , Dolber Trygve , Lewis Janet , Coverdale John 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Climate change is increasingly recognized as having multiple adverse mental health effects, many of which are just beginning to be understood. The elevated rates of suicides observed in some communities affected by climate change and rising rates of suicide in the United States as climate change intensifies have suggested the two may be associated. We searched PubMed and PsycInfo using the terms climate change and suicide, and provide here a review of the current literature on climate change and suicide that explores possible associations and methodological issues and challenges in this research.
Building a Research Data Repository for Chronic Condition Self-Management Using Harmonized Data
Authors: Moore Shirley M. , Musil Carol M. , Alder Megan L. , Pignatiello Grant , Higgins Patricia , Webel Allison , Wright Kathy D. 
Published: March 2020

Background
Building nursing research data repositories with the goal of comparing and synthesizing results across numerous studies and public sharing of data is still in early stages of development.

Objectives
We describe the process of using common data elements (CDEs) to build a data repository for research addressing self-management of chronic conditions. Issues in the development of CDEs, lessons learned in the creation of a combined data set across seven studies of different chronic condition populations, and recommendations for creating and sharing harmonized nursing research data sets are provided.

Methods
In 2014, at initiation of a National Institutes of Health-funded Centers of Excellence in Self-Management Research, our center investigators defined a set of CDEs for use in future center-funded pilot studies consisting of populations having different chronic conditions with the intent to combine the study data sets. Over the next 4 years, center investigators were provided with standardized codebooks and data collection protocols for applying the CDEs and data storage. Data from seven pilot studies were subsequently combined.

Results
Although each pilot study was small—with sample sizes ranging from 18 to 31 participants—our combined data set of 179 participants provides us with a sample size sufficient to conduct analyses that could not be done with the individual small samples alone. The research data repository addressing self-management of chronic conditions will soon be available for public sharing.

Discussion
Our experience demonstrates that, with careful, upfront planning and ongoing vigilant oversight, CDEs can be applied across studies consisting of different chronic condition populations to combine data sets to create research data repositories for public sharing.
Imaging and Image-Guided Thermal Ablation for Oligometastatic Colorectal Cancer Liver Disease
Authors: Vasiniotis Kamarinos Nikiforos , Sofocleous Constantinos Thasos 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer affects more than 1 million people worldwide, and half of this population develops liver metastases. Image-guided thermal ablation is an acceptable local therapy for the management of oligometastatic colorectal cancer liver disease, in patients who are noneligible for surgery, or present with recurrence after hepatectomy. Continuous technological evolutions, understanding of tumor variability through disease biology and genetics, and optimization of ablation parameters with ablation margin assessment have allowed patients with resectable small-volume disease to be treated by thermal ablation with curative intent. The growing role of imaging and image guidance in thermal ablation for patient selection, procedure planning, tumor targeting, and assessment of technical success is discussed in this article.
Near point-of-care, point-mutation test to detect drug resistance in HIV-1: a validation study in a Mexican cohort
Authors: Panpradist Nuttada , Beck Ingrid A. , Ruth Parker S. , Ávila-Ríos Santiago , García-Morales Claudia , Soto-Nava Maribel , Tapia-Trejo Daniela , Matías-Florentino Margarita , Paz-Juarez Hector E. , del Arenal-Sanchez Silvia , Reyes-Terán Gustavo , Lutz Barry R. , Frenkel Lisa M. 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
Pretreatment HIV-drug resistance (PDR, HIVDR) to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) is increasing globally. NNRTIs continue to be used as first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in some communities due to the cost of dolutegravir-based ART or dolutegravir-associated adverse events. A simplified version of the oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) – ‘OLA-Simple’ – is a low-cost, near point-of-care assay that provides ready-to-use lyophilized reagents and reports HIVDR mutations as colored lines on lateral flow strips. Our objective was to design and validate OLA-Simple for a Mexican cohort.

Design:
OLA-Simple probes to detect K65R, K103N/S, Y181C, M184V, and G190A were optimized for HIV Mexican sequences. Sixty clinical plasma specimens were analyzed by OLA-Simple by technicians blinded to Illumina-MiSeq sequences, and HIVDR results were compared.

Methods:
Plasma RNA was tested using OLA-Simple kits. OLA-Simple lateral flow strips were read by in-house software, and were classified as mutant or wild-type at each codon. The comparison of results by OLA-Simple and Miseq was used to generate receiver-operating characteristic curves.

Results:
OLA-Simple PCR amplified 59 of 60 specimens and successfully genotyped 287 of 295 codons, with eight of 295 (2.7%) indeterminate results. Compared to MiSeq, OLA-Simple gave five of 295 (1.7%) false-positive and four of 295 (1.4%) false-negative results. Excluding indeterminate results, OLA-Simple classified mutant with an accuracy of 97.4 and 98.8% when using thresholds at 10 and 25% mutant within an individual's HIV quasispecies, respectively.

Conclusions:
Compared to MiSeq, OLA-Simple detected HIVDR with high sensitivity and accuracy. OLA-Simple could expand access to affordable and rapid HIVDR testing to guide appropriate ART choices in populations using NNRTI-based ART.
The Feasibility, Tolerability, Safety, and Accuracy of Low-radiation Dynamic Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With Regadenoson Compared With Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: van Assen Marly , Duguay Taylor M. , Litwin Sheldon E. , Bayer Richard R. , Nance John W. , Suranyi Pal , De Cecco Carlo N. , Varga-Szemes Akos , Jacobs Brian E. , Johnson Addison A. , Tesche Christian , Schoepf U. Joseph 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
Computed tomography (CT) myocardial perfusion imaging (CT-MPI) with hyperemia induced by regadenoson was evaluated for the detection of myocardial ischemia, safety, relative radiation exposure, and patient experience compared with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-four patients (66.5 y, 29% male) who had undergone clinically indicated SPECT imaging and provided written informed consent were included in this phase II, IRB-approved, and FDA-approved clinical trial. All patients underwent coronary CT angiography and CT-MPI with hyperemia induced by the intravenous administration of regadenoson (0.4 mg/5 mL). Patient experience and findings on CT-MPI images were compared to SPECT imaging.

Results:
Patient experience and safety were similar between CT-MPI and SPECT procedures and no serious adverse events due to the administration of regadenoson occurred. SPECT resulted in a higher number of mild adverse events than CT-MPI. Patient radiation exposure was similar during the combined coronary computed tomography angiography and CT-MPI (4.4 [2.7] mSv) and SPECT imaging (5.6 [1.7]  mSv) (P-value 0.401) procedures. Using SPECT as the reference standard, CT-MPI analysis showed a sensitivity of 58.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.7-84.8), a specificity of 100% (95% CI: 73.5-100), and an accuracy of 79.1% (95% CI: 57.9-92.87). Low apparent sensitivity occurred when the SPECT defects were small and highly suspicious for artifacts.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated that CT-MPI is safe, well tolerated, and can be performed with comparable radiation exposure to SPECT. CT-MPI has the benefit of providing both complete anatomic coronary evaluation and assessment of myocardial perfusion.
Interobserver Reliability of the Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System in Clinical Practice
Authors: Hu Jiun-Yiing , Bergquist Peter J. , Hossain Rydhwana , Ropp Alan M. , Kligerman Seth , Amin Sagar B. , Sechrist Jacob W. , Patel Priya , Jeudy Jean , White Charles S. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate interobserver reproducibility between cardiothoracic radiologists applying the Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) to describe atherosclerotic burden on coronary computed tomography angiography.

Methods:
Forty clinical computed tomography angiography cases were retrospectively and independently evaluated by 3 attending and 2 fellowship-trained cardiothoracic radiologists using the CAD-RADS lexicon. Radiologists were blinded to patient history and underwent initial training using a practice set of 10 subjects. Interobserver reproducibility was assessed using an intraclass correlation (ICC) on the basis of single-observer scores, absolute agreement, and a 2-way random-effects model. Nondiagnostic studies were excluded. ICC was also performed for CAD-RADS scores grouped by management recommendations for absent (0), nonobstructive (1 to 2), and potentially obstructive (3 to 5) CAD.

Results:
Interobserver reproducibility was moderate to good (ICC: 0.748, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.639-0.842, P<0.0001), with higher agreement among cardiothoracic radiology fellows (ICC: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.730-0.922, P<0.0001) than attending radiologists (ICC: 0.711, 95% CI: 0.568-0.824, P<0.0001). Interobserver reproducibility for clinical management categories was marginally decreased (ICC: 0.692, 95% CI: 0.570-0.802, P<0.0001). The average percent agreement between pairs of radiologists was 84.74%. Percent observer agreement was significantly reduced in the presence (M=62.22%, SD=15.17%) versus the absence (M=80.91%, SD=17.97%) of modifiers, t
(37.95)=3.566, P=0.001.

Conclusions:
Interobserver reliability and agreement with the CAD-RADS terminology are moderate to good in clinical practice. However, further investigations are needed to characterize the causes of interobserver disagreement that may lead to differences in management recommendations.
Incidence of Complications in Delayed Abdominal-Based Flap Breast Reconstruction Using a Drainless Recipient Site
Authors: Zolper Elizabeth G. , Bekeny Jenna C. , Fan Kenneth L. , Del Corral Gabriel A. 
Published: March 2020

Background
Seroma is a common complication after breast surgery such as mastectomy and immediate reconstruction. However, there is a lack of evidence for the utility of drains in the recipient site in delayed autologous breast reconstruction. We reviewed our experience with delayed abdominal-based flap breast reconstruction with a drainless recipient site.

Methods
A single-surgeon retrospective case review was performed for delayed abdominal-based flap breast reconstruction using drainless recipient sites from May 2018 to June 2019. Primary outcomes were recipient-site complications.

Results
Thirty-one delayed abdominal-based flap breast reconstructions that did not use drains in the recipient site were identified in 22 patients. Mean age was 52.8 years (SD, 9.7 years). Mean body mass index was 30.1 kg/m2 (interquartile range [IQR], 28.2–35.0 kg/m2). Common comorbidities were obesity (45.4%), prior tobacco use (31.8%), and diabetes (10.0%). Median time to abdominal-based flap reconstruction was 27.5 months (IQR, 9.9–105.2 months). There were 22 muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps and 9 deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps performed. Ten patients (45.4%) underwent bilateral reconstruction. Mean operative time was 302 minutes (SD, 85 minutes). Flap take back occurred in 1 case (3.2%). Mean length of stay was 4 days (SD, 0.8 days). Recipient-site complications were healing complications (32.3%), seroma (3.2%), hematoma (3.2%), and fat necrosis (19.4%). Median follow-up was 4.2 months (IQR, 2.5–11.5).

Conclusions
In this case series, our data indicate that delayed autologous reconstruction without drain placement at the recipient site has been proven to be safe and successful and did not increase the rate of seroma or other complications. Adopting a drainless approach may also improve patient comfort and satisfaction.
Functional Outcomes of the Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap in Oral Cavity Reconstruction
Authors: Mughal Maleeha , Gabuniya Natiya , Zoccali Giovanni , Roblin Paul , Townley William 
Published: March 2020

Background
The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap is an ideal option for reconstruction of oral cavity defects owing to its thin and pliable nature and favorable donor site. Our study presents an assessment of functional outcomes including speech and swallowing in patients with oral cavity tumors reconstructed with MSAP flaps.

Methods
Patients undergoing MSAP reconstruction for oral cavity tumors between January 2014 and January 2018 were identified from our prospective head and neck cancer database. Functional outcomes were assessed in conjunction with the Speech and Language Team with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Function (speech and swallowing) was recorded as a performance status scale set up by the assessing health care professional.

Results
A total of 38 patients underwent reconstruction with the MSAP flap over the study period. The patient cohort included 10 female patients and 28 male patients. The age range was from 30 to 78 years, with a mean age of 56.8 years. Complications included 1 flap loss and 1 donor site wound dehiscence.
Most patients (84.2%) had intelligible speech at 6-month follow-up and further improvement at 1 year (92.1%). All patients resumed feeding on postoperative day 4, and only 7.8% (n = 3) of the patients required assistance with feeding at 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions
The MSAP flap provides adequate small-volume replacement for oral cavity reconstructions. Our results indicate that most patients achieve a full diet with no restrictions by 1 year after reconstruction. Most of our patients demonstrated excellent speech with little or no need for repetition in conversation. Over the past few years, this has become the flap of choice for oral cavity reconstruction in our unit.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Postoperative Urinary Tract Infection After Abdominal and Vaginal Colpopexy
Authors: Soriano Alex , Hassani Daisy , Harvie Heidi , Sheyn David 
Published: March 2020

Objective
The aims of the study were to determine the rate of urinary tract infection (UTI) in women undergoing colpopexy and to evaluate risk factors and timing for postoperative UTI.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2010 to 2017. Patients were grouped into those with and without UTI. Pairwise analysis between groups was performed using χ2 and Fisher exact test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of UTI.

Results
Of 23,097 women who underwent colpopexy, 1079 (4.7%) experienced a postoperative UTI. Urinary tract infection was most frequently diagnosed in the second week after surgery (38.2%), compared with week 1 (19.9%), 3 (22.8%), and 4 (19.1%) (P < 0.001). Patients diagnosed with a UTI were more likely to have insulin-dependent diabetes (2.8% vs 1.7%, P = 0.006), coagulopathy (1.3% vs 0.7%, P = 0.04), and chronic steroid use (2.7% vs 1.8%, P = 0.004). Patients with a UTI versus those without a UTI were more likely to have undergone an intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal vaginal colpopexy (37.8% vs 30.5%, P < 0.001) and (29.8% vs 25.6%, P = 0.003), respectively, and more likely to undergo combined anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (17.1% vs 12.2%, P < 0.001). After logistic regression, intraoperative cystotomy repair (adjusted odds ratio = 2.93, 95% confidence interval = 1.54–5.59) was the most significant risk factor.

Conclusions
Postoperative UTI after colpopexy occurred less frequently than previously reported. Vaginal colpopexy is associated with a higher risk of UTI than abdominal or laparoscopic colpopexy.
Perineorrhaphy Outcomes Related to Body Imagery: A Randomized Trial of Body Image Perception
Authors: Ninivaggio Cara S. , Komesu Yuko M. , Jeppson Peter C. , Cichowski Sara B. , Qualls Clifford , Qeadan Fares , Rogers Rebecca G. , Dunivan Gena C. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine if a perineorrhaphy at the time of apical pelvic organ prolapse surgery positively affects women’s body image.

Methods
This is a randomized controlled trial of women undergoing apical suspension procedures in which women (GH ≥2 cm to ≤6 cm) received either perineorrhaphy or no perineorrhaphy. The primary aim compared body image between the groups postoperatively using the Body Image in Pelvic Organ Prolapse (BIPOP) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included prolapse stage, pain, pelvic floor muscle strength, pelvic floor symptoms, and sexual function. Between- and within-group differences were compared using Fisher exact test for categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables. When continuous variables were not normally distributed, the Welch-Satterthwaite test was used. Within-group analyses were performed via paired t tests for select continuous variables.

Results
Forty-six women were enrolled; 45 (97.8%) completed the 6-week assessment and 38 (82.6%) completed the 3-month assessment. There were no differences in baseline characteristics. Although women within groups had an expected improvement in mean Body Image in Pelvic Organ Prolapse and subscale scores between baseline and 3 months (P < 0.05), there were no differences in the mean scores between groups. In addition, there were no differences between groups in any of the secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
Performance of apical prolapse surgery improved women’s body image, irrespective of performance of a perineorrhaphy. Other important outcomes, including pain, did not differ between women in the 2 groups. These findings demonstrate the need for further trials to investigate the utility of this procedure.
Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Short-Term Suicide Mortality in a Risk-Matched Patient Population
Authors: Peltzman Talya , Shiner Brian , Watts Bradley V. 
Published: March 2020

Objective
Although evidence has suggested that electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in reducing suicidal ideation, research establishing the effectiveness of ECT in reducing short-term risk of death by suicide is less conclusive. This study assessed whether receipt of ECT reduced suicide mortality among patients seeking healthcare in Veterans Health Administration hospitals.

Methods
Annual cohorts of patients who received ECT between 2006 and 2015 were propensity score matched with mental health patients who did not receive ECT. After matching, population averaged adjusted odds were calculated to assess the risk of suicide in the year after receipt of ECT, compared with a control group.

Results
The study population consisted of 14,810 patients in the ECT cohort and 58,369 matched controls. Matching successfully reduced clinical and demographic differences between cohorts of patients who received ECT and those who did not (asymptotic Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic = 0.02, P > 0.99). After matching and controlling for remaining between-group differences in an adjusted logistic regression, the odds of suicide in the year after receipt of ECT were not statistically different from those of matched patients who did not receive the procedure (odds ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval = 0.94–1.96, P = 0.095).

Conclusions
Patients who received ECT were at a high risk for suicide. Electroconvulsive therapy did not seem to have a greater effect on decreasing short-term risk for suicide than other types of mental health treatment provided to patients with similar baseline risk.