bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiographic cervical spine degenerative findings: a study on a large population from age 18 to 97 years
Authors: Tao Youping , Galbusera Fabio , Niemeyer Frank , Samartzis Dino , Vogele Daniel , Wilke Hans-Joachim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were (1) to determine the prevalence of radiographic cervical disc degeneration in a large population of patients aged from 18 to 97 years; (2) to investigate individually the prevalence and distribution of height loss, osteophyte formation, endplate sclerosis and spondylolisthesis; and (3) to describe the patterns of cervical disc degeneration.MethodsA retrospective study was performed. Standard lateral cervical spine radiographs in standing, neutral position of 1581 consecutive patients (723 males, 858 females) with an average age of 41.2 ± 18.2 years were evaluated. Cervical disc degeneration was graded from C2/C3 to C6/C7 based on a validated quantitative grading system. The prevalence and distribution of radiographic findings were evaluated and associations with age were investigated.Results53.9% of individuals had radiographic disc degeneration and the most affected level was C5/C6. The presence and severity of disc degeneration were found to be significantly associated with age both in male and female subjects. The most frequent and severe occurrences of height loss, osteophyte formation, and endplate sclerosis were at C5/C6, whereas spondylolisthesis was most observed at C4/C5. Age was significantly correlated with radiographic degenerative findings. Contiguous levels degeneration pattern was more likely found than skipped level degeneration. The number of degenerated levels was also associated with age.ConclusionsThe presence and severity of radiographic disc degeneration increased with aging in the cervical spine. Older age was associated with greater number of degenerated disc levels. Furthermore, the correlations between age and the degree of degenerative findings were stronger at C5/C6 and C6/C7 than at other cervical spinal levels.
Is the high-performance thermoplastic polyetheretherketone indicated as a clasp material for removable dental prostheses?
Authors: Micovic Danka , Mayinger Felicitas , Bauer Sebastian , Roos Malgorzata , Eichberger Marlis , Stawarczyk Bogna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the retention force of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) removable dental prosthesis clasps in comparison with a cobalt-chrome-molybdenum control group after storage in artificial saliva.

Materials and Methods
Clasps were milled (Dentokeep (PEEKmilled1), NT digital implant technology; breCAM BioHPP Blank (PEEKmilled2), bredent), pressed (BioHPP Granulat for 2 press (PEEKpressed), bredent), or cast (remanium GM 800+ (cobalt-chrome-molybdenum), Dentaurum); N = 60, n = 15/subgroup. Retention force was examined 50 times/specimen in a pull-off test using the universal testing machine (Zwick 1445), where pull-off force was applied with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute until the maximum force dropped by 10%, at different aging levels: (1) initial, after storage in artificial saliva for (2) 90 and (3) 180 days. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Scheffé-test and mixed models (p < 0.05).

Results
Cobalt-chrome-molybdenum presented the highest retention force. No differences were observed between polyetheretherketone materials. Cobalt-chrome-molybdenum showed a significant decrease of its values after artificial aging, while polyetheretherketone materials presented similar results over the course of aging. Regarding a repetitive insertion and removal, even though PEEKmilled2 and cobalt-chrome-molybdenum showed an initial increase, ultimately, a decrease in retention force was observed for all tested groups.

Conclusions
Although the control group showed significantly higher results, the retention force of polyetheretherketone materials indicate a potential clinical application. Neither the manufacturing process nor artificial aging showed an impact on the retention force of polyetheretherketone clasps.

Clinical relevance
Mechanical properties of novel removable dental prosthesis clasp materials devised to meet the growing esthetic demands of patients need to be investigated to ensure a successful long-term clinical application.
Geocenter coordinates derived from multi-GNSS: a look into the role of solar radiation pressure modeling
Authors: Zajdel Radosław , Sośnica Krzysztof , Bury Grzegorz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) technique is naturally sensitive to the geocenter motion, similar to all satellite techniques. However, the GNSS-based estimates of the geocenter used to contain more orbital artifacts than the geophysical signals, especially for the Z component of the geocenter coordinates. This contribution conveys a discussion on the impact of solar radiation pressure (SRP) modeling on the geocenter motion estimates. To that end, we process 3 years of GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo observations (2017–2019), collected by a globally distributed network of the ground stations. All possible individual system-specific solutions, as well as combinations of the available constellations, are tested in search of characteristic patterns in geocenter coordinates. We show that the addition of a priori information about the SRP-based forces acting on the satellites using a box-wing model mitigates a great majority of the spurious signals in the spectra of the geocenter coordinates. The amplitude of the 3 cpy (about 121 days) signal for GLONASS has been reduced by a factor of 8.5. Moreover, the amplitude of the spurious 7 cpy (about 52 days) signal has been reduced by a factor of 5.8 and 3.1 for Galileo and GPS, respectively. Conversely, the box-wing solutions indicate increased amplitudes of the annual variations in the geocenter signal. The latter reaches the level of 10–11 mm compared to 4.4 and 6.0 mm from the satellite laser ranging observations of LAGEOS satellites and the corresponding GNSS series applying extended empirical CODE orbit model (ECOM2), respectively. Despite the possible improvement in the GLONASS-based Z component of the geocenter coordinates, we show that some significant power can still be found at periods other than annual. The GPS- and Galileo-based estimates are less affected; thus, a combination of GPS and Galileo leads to the best geocenter estimates.
Strength of correlation between wildlife collision data and hunting bags varies among ungulate species and with management scale
Authors: Neumann Wiebke , Widemo Fredrik , Singh Navinder J. , Seiler Andreas , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMost European ungulate species are increasing in numbers and expanding their range. For the management and monitoring of these species, 64% of European countries rely on indirect proxies of abundance (e.g., hunting bag statistics). With increasing ungulate numbers, data on ungulate-vehicle collisions (UVC) may provide an important and inexpensive, complementary data source. Currently, it is unclear how bag statistics compare with UVC. A direct comparison of these two indices is important because both are used in ungulate management. We evaluated the relationship between UVC and ungulate hunting bags across bioclimatic, regional, and local scales, using five time lags (t−3 to t+1) for the five most common wild ungulate species in Sweden. For all species, hunting bags and UVC correlated positively, but correlation strength and time lags varied across scales and among species. The two indices correlated most strongly at the local management scale. Correlation between both indices was strong for the smaller deer species and wild boar, in particular, but much weaker for moose where we found the best fit using a 2-year time lag. For the other species, indices from the same year correlated best. We argue that the reason for moose data behaving differently is that, in Sweden, moose are formally managed using a 3-year time plan, while the other species are not. Accordingly, moose hunting bags are influenced more strongly by density-independent processes than bags of the other species. Consequently, the mismatch between the two indices may generate conflicting conclusions for management depending on the method applied.
Kuranwendungen mit jodhaltigem Thermalwasser aus thyreologischer Sicht
Authors: Mikosch Peter , Trifina-Mikosch Eva , Saidler Katharina , Kellner Jennifer , Suhrau Susanne 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungBei einzelnen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen (Immunthyreopathie Morbus Basedow, Immunthyreopathie Hashimoto, Struma mit Autonomie) sollte eine übermäßige Jodzufuhr vermieden werden. Betreffend alimentärer Jodzufuhr gibt es dazu reichliches Informationsmaterial. Kuranwendungen werden zu einem breiten Indikationsspektrum eingesetzt und tragen einen wichtigen Teil zur Therapie gerade chronisch degenerativen Erkrankungen, zur Rehabilitation nach Traumen oder Tumorerkrankungen bei. Eine Jodzufuhr ist auch bei Kuranwendungen mit jodhaltigem Thermalwasser möglich, das Ausmaß der Jodzufuhr ist dabei abhängig von der Applikationsform und der Expositionsdauer. Informationsmaterial dazu ist nur spärlich in der Literatur zu finden. Der Artikel betrachtet jodhaltige Kuranwendungen aus thyreologischer Sicht im Spannungsfeld von positiven und möglichen negativen Auswirkungen einer jodhaltigen Kuranwendung. Neben einem Einblick in die Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des Jodstoffwechsels und Auswirkungen auf einzelne Schilddrüsenerkrankungen wird die Intensität einer Jodaufnahme bei unterschiedlichen Kuranwendungen dargestellt. Eine Übersicht von Kurorten/Thermen mit jodhaltigem Wasser in Österreich und seinen Nachbarstaaten ergänzt von einem Algorithmus zur Selektion von Patienten für eine Kur in Kurorten mit jodhaltigem Wasser wird präsentiert, um mögliche negative jodinduzierte Schilddrüsenfehlfunktionen schon vor Kurantritt zu vermeiden. Dem klinisch tätigen Arzt wird damit eine Unterstützung in der Entscheidungsfindung bei der Auswahl bzw. Ablehnung einer jodhaltigen Kuranwendung für seine Patienten zur Verfügung gestellt.
Imaging the role of blood–brain barrier disruption in normal cognitive ageing
Authors: Verheggen Inge C. M. , de Jong Joost J. A. , van Boxtel Martin P. J. , Postma Alida A. , Jansen Jacobus F. A. , Verhey Frans R. J. , Backes Walter H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo investigate whether blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a potential mechanism of usual age-related cognitive decline, we conducted dynamic contrast–enhanced (DCE) MRI to measure BBB leakage in a healthy sample, and investigated the association with longitudinal cognitive decline. In a sample of neurologically and cognitively healthy, older individuals, BBB leakage rate in the white and grey matter and hippocampus was measured using DCE MRI with pharmacokinetic modelling. Regression analysis was performed to investigate whether the leakage rate was associated with decline in cognitive performance (memory encoding, memory retrieval, executive functioning and processing speed) over 12 years. White and grey matter BBB leakages were significantly associated with decline in memory retrieval. No significant relations were found between hippocampal BBB leakage and cognitive performance. BBB disruption already being associated with usual cognitive ageing, supports that this neurovascular alteration is a possible explanation for the cognitive decline inherent to the ageing process. More insight into BBB leakage during the normal ageing process could improve estimation and interpretation of leakage rate in pathological conditions. The current results might also stimulate the search for strategies to maintain BBB integrity and help increase the proportion people experiencing successful ageing. Netherlands Trial Register number: NL6358, date of registration: 2017-03-24.
Controlled Grain Refinement of Biodegradable Zn-Mg Alloy: The Effect of Magnesium Alloying and Multi-Pass Hydrostatic Extrusion Preceded by Hot Extrusion
Authors: Jarzębska Anna , Bieda Magdalena , Maj Łukasz , Chulist Robert , Wojtas Daniel , Strąg Martyna , Sułkowski Bartosz , Przybysz Sylwia , Pachla Wacław , Sztwiertnia Krzysztof 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To satisfy the most stringent criteria in terms of new cardiovascular stents, pure Zn was alloyed with 1 wt pct of Mg and subsequently subjected to plastic deformation, using conventional hot extrusion followed by multi-pass hydrostatic extrusion. A detailed microstructural and textural characterization of the obtained materials was conducted, and mechanical properties were assessed at each pass of deformation process. In contrast to pure Zn, hydrostatically extruded low-alloyed Zn is characterized by a remarkable increase in strength and ductility (YS = 383 MPa, E = 23 pct), exceeding the values needed for stents. Such behavior is associated with a dual microstructure containing fine-grained Zn, alternatively arranged with bands of a fragmented eutectic. Extensive grain refinement was achieved due to the process of continuous dynamic recrystallization. Hydrostatic extrusion changes the initial

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Rate and pressure behavior considering the fractal characteristics of structurally disordered fractured reservoirs
Authors: Al-Rbeawi Salam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to understand the impact of the fractal characteristics of fractured reservoirs on their pressure behavior, flow rate decline, and productivity index. The paper proposes a new methodology for developing several analytical models for describing the wellbore pressure distribution and the flow rate decline trend. The proposed models consider including the fractal characteristics such as the mass fractal dimension, conductivity index of anomalous diffusion flow mechanism, fractal-network parameters, fractional-derivative order, and matrix/fracture-interaction index as well as dual-porosity media characteristics such as the storativity and interporosity flow coefficient in the analytical models of the pressure, rate, and productivity index. The study has found that: (1) Some of the fractal characteristics have a significant impact on reservoir performance, while others may not have a significant impact. (2) Fractal reservoirs exhibit better performance than the standard geometry reservoirs of single and dual-porosity media.
Algorithmic Censorship by Social Platforms: Power and Resistance
Authors: Cobbe Jennifer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEffective content moderation by social platforms is both important and difficult; numerous issues arise from the volume of information, the culturally sensitive and contextual nature of that information, and the nuances of human communication. Attempting to scale moderation, social platforms are increasingly adopting automated approaches to suppressing communications that they deem undesirable. However, this brings its own concerns. This paper examines the structural effects of algorithmic censorship by social platforms to assist in developing a fuller understanding of the risks of such approaches to content moderation. This analysis shows that algorithmic censorship is distinctive for two reasons: (1) in potentially bringing all communications carried out on social platforms within reach and (2) in potentially allowing those platforms to take a more active, interventionist approach to moderating those communications. Consequently, algorithmic censorship could allow social platforms to exercise an unprecedented degree of control over both public and private communications. Moreover, commercial priorities would be inserted further into the everyday communications of billions of people. Due to the dominance of the web by a few social platforms, this may be difficult or impractical to escape for many people, although opportunities for resistance do exist.
Durch ein Tablet gestützte Biografiearbeit bei älteren Menschen im Pflegeheim: Eine Interview-Studie mit Pflegenden
Authors: Buhtz Christian , Paulicke Denny , Wolf Mary , Hofstetter Sebastian , Schwarz Karsten 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens führt zu veränderten Prozessen und neuen Anforderungen. Dazu parallel, aufgrund des demografischen Wandels, steigen die gesellschaftliche Bedeutung der Pflege und damit die Erwartungen an den Einsatz von Technologie für die Gesundheitsversorgung. Neben einigen futuristisch anmutenden Ansätzen technischer Lösungen, ist ein Tablet zur Nutzung in der Biografiearbeit ein bereits tatsächlich eingesetztes Gerät.

Ziel
Diese Arbeit geht der Frage nach, wie Betreuungskräfte von Menschen mit Demenz ein Tablet einschätzen, dass sie bereits regulär für die Biografiearbeit einsetzen.

Methode
Es wurden teilstrukturierte Interviews durchgeführt und qualitativ interpretiert. Alle Betreuungseinrichtungen nutzten ein aus ihren eigenen Finanzmitteln gekauftes „Betreuertablet“ der Firma media4care.

Ergebnisse
Vier Betreuungskräfte in drei verschiedene Einrichtungen wurden interviewt. Mediale Inhalte auf dem Tablet in Form von Videos, Bildern und Musik werden in Einzel- und Gruppenbetreuung genutzt. Berichtet wird, dass der Einsatz des Tablets bei den Bewohnern als Erzählstimulus wirkt und die Biografien dadurch mit Informationen aus erster Hand angereichert werden konnten. Das Gerät wird in den Einrichtungen nicht als alleinige Beschäftigungsmöglichkeit, sondern als Ergänzung zum bisherigen Angebot gesehen. Die betreuenden Personen wünschen sich teilweise eine ruhigere Umgebung.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Geräte wurden von den Befragten als für ihre Praxis tauglich wahrgenommen und wurde von den Bewohnern gut angenommen. Strukturierte intensive Schulungen zu dem Gerät fanden nicht statt, werden aber von allen Teilnehmenden gewünscht.
Maturating Articular Cartilage Can Induce Ectopic Joint-Like Structures in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Miura Shinichirou , Tsutsumi Rio , Agata Kiyokazu , Endo Tetsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a huge health burden to our society. Seeking for potential ways to induce regeneration of articular cartilage (AC) that is intrinsically limited, we focused on the interaction between two opposing joints. To evaluate the role of the interaction of opposing regions of AC for joint maturation, we amputated digits at the distal interphalangeal level without injuring the articular surface of the intermediate phalanx (P2) and observed that the zonal organization of AC was defective. We then removed the P2 bone without injuring the articular surface of the proximal phalanx (P1), and the remaining part of the digit was amputated near the distal interphalangeal level. The distribution pattern of type II collagen and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) suggested that maturation of AC in P1 was delayed. These two experiments suggested that an interaction between the opposing AC in a joint is necessary for maturation of the zonal organization of AC in neonatal digits. To test if an interaction of the joints is sufficient to induce articular cartilage, a proximal fragment of P2 was resected, inverted, and put back into the original location. Newly formed cartilage was induced at the interface region between the AC of the inverted graft and the cut edge of the distal part of P2. Type II collagen and PRG4 were expressed in the ectopic cartilage in a similar manner to normal AC, indicating that neonatal AC can induce ectopic joint-like structures in mice comparable with what has been reported in newts and frogs. These results suggest that the neonatal joint could be a source of inductive signals for regeneration of AC.Lay SummaryIn this study, we experimentally show that neonatal mice appear to have the capacity to regenerate articular cartilage (AC) in digits. It is already known that mice can regenerate a digit tip after amputation, but do not regenerate in response to amputations at more proximal levels. Therefore, it has been thought that mammalian joint structures are non-regenerative. However, we found that normal digit AC can induce AC-like structures in a non-joint region when it is placed next to the cut edge of a bone, suggesting that the normal AC has regenerative capacity in certain situations in neonatal mice.Future WorksJoint disorders are a huge health problem of our society. The results of this study suggest that neonatal AC could be a potential source of inductive signals for regeneration of AC. The discovery of these inductive signals will aid in developing regenerative therapies of a joint in human.
Das Dispositiv der Andacht
Authors: Schmidt Christian 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag schlägt mit dem ›Dispositiv der Andacht‹ ein Modell für ein Netz von Subjektivierungsstrategien vor, in dem sich geistliche Spiele vor der Zeit des Theaters verorten lassen. Er stellt die Prämisse der Alterität des mittelalterlichen Theaters zurück, um einen Zugriff zu gewinnen, der nicht leitend am Theater der Neuzeit orientiert ist. Die theater- und literaturgeschichtliche Perspektive, die dadurch in den Hintergrund gerät, lässt sich in den geistlichen Dramentraditionen der Frühen Neuzeit wieder einholen. Für eine Erfindung des frühneuzeitlichen Theaters aus der Perspektive des Spätmittelalters.
Parliamentary Democracy by Default: Applying the European Convention on Human Rights to Presidential Elections and Referendums
Authors: Kovács Kriszta 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the Convention’s “democracy clause,” that is Article 3 of Protocol No. 1, which provides for the right to free elections. Why should it be described as a “democracy clause” and what is its significance for today? The paper first sketches out the drafting history, which reveals that while the framers were keen to preserve their inherited domestic institutions, they also thought it crucial to promote democracy. The Convention invokes but does not define democracy. It is within the Court’s competence to elucidate its meaning. The Court holds that pluralist democracy is the only system compatible with the Convention. This paper argues that Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 further presupposes a representative legislature. It does not require member states to introduce a specific system of elections and representation, but it obliges them to conform to parliamentary democracy. Thus, the Court’s model of democracy rests on two pillars: pluralism and parliamentarism. It subscribes to pluralist democracy theories but contradicts the monolithic conception endorsed by Carl Schmitt. The Court’s model has the potential to offer a robust account of democracy. Yet, Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 has never lived up to its potential. The Court’s relevant jurisprudence is inadequate to address the contemporary antidemocratic shifts that are underway in certain member states. Hence, the paper suggests that the Court’s power to apply this clause is not limited to general elections but also extends to presidential elections and referendums.