bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Learner Engagement and Teaching Effectiveness: A Novel Assessment of Student Engagement in Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Stephenson Christopher R. , Bonnes Sara L. , Sawatsky Adam P. , Richards Lukas W. , Schleck Cathy D. , Mandrekar Jayawant N. , Beckman Thomas J , Wittich Christopher M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Continuing medical education (CME) often uses passive educational models including lectures. However, numerous studies have questioned the effectiveness of these less engaging educational strategies. Studies outside of CME suggest that engaged learning is associated with improved educational outcomes. However, measuring participants’ engagement can be challenging. We developed and determined the validity evidence for a novel instrument to assess learner engagement in CME.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional validation study at a large, didactic-style CME conference. Content validity evidence was established through review of literature and previously published engagement scales and conceptual frameworks on engagement, along with an iterative process involving experts in the field, to develop an eight-item Learner Engagement Instrument (LEI). Response process validity was established by vetting LEI items on item clarity and perceived meaning prior to implementation, as well as using a well-developed online platform with clear instructions.. Internal structure validity evidence was based on factor analysis and calculating internal consistency reliability. Relations to other variables validity evidence was determined by examining associations between LEI and previously validated CME Teaching Effectiveness (CMETE) instrument scores. Following each presentation, all participants were invited to complete the LEI and the CMETE. Results: 51 out of 206 participants completed the LEI and CMETE (response rate 25%) Correlations between the LEI and the CMETE overall scores were strong (r=0.80). Internal consistency reliability for the LEI was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha=0.96). To support validity to internal structure, a factor analysis was performed and revealed a two dimensional instrument consisting of internal and external engagement domains. The internal consistency reliabilities were 0.96 for the internal engagement domain and 0.95 for the external engagement domain.Conclusion: Engagement, as measured by the LEI, is strongly related to teaching effectiveness. The LEI is supported by robust validity evidence including content, response process, internal structure, and relations to other variables. Given the relationship between learner engagement and teaching effectiveness, identifying more engaging and interactive methods for teaching in CME is recommended.
Professional development arising from multiple-site workplace learning: boundary crossing between the education and clinical contexts.
Authors: Barry Margot , Kuijer-Siebelink Wietske , Niewenhuis Loek A.F.M. , Scherpbier Nynke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This research explores the value of an inter-organisational jurisdiction, on the professional development of faculty members in their roles of researcher and educator. Faculty members from a Dutch university of applied sciences, who work in both the education and clinical practice contexts, participated in this research. Methods: Individual semi-structured interview were conducted with nine faculty members, from various academic health professions, on their experiences of professional development arising from working in both the clinical and education contexts. In this exploratory, post-positive interview study, interview transcripts were analysed thematically.Results: Participants reported that working in two organisational contexts, whilst performing two faculty roles that span both contexts, enhances their ability to broker connections between research, teaching and practice. The boundary crossing activities which participants performed, contributed to professional development in all faculty roles. The broker role was not seen as being a unique role which is distinct from research and practice roles. Broker activities were seen as generic and supportive of the roles that bestow academic status and expertise. Conclusions: To the participants in this research, tThe relevance of the broker role in professional development is not as evident as the relevance of roles that enhance specialisation and subject specific expertise. They consider broker activities as supportive to the roles of researcher and teacher.This could be due to the fact that t The broker role is time consuming, but not yet visible as a distinct professionalisable work-package in its own right. It is also not well defined in literature. and it is not yet visible as a distinct professionalisable work-package. A better understanding of the broker role could lead to its development in order to harness its professional development potential tenably across academic roles.
SEDATION IN MEDICAL RETRIEVAL – CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PRACTICE
Authors: Stewart Matthew 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Anaesthetic Awareness is the recall of events that occur during sedation and is a serious complication thought to occur in 0.1 to 0.2 % of the general surgical population. Sedation is an important tool used in medical retrieval, however its use in the aerospace environment is unique in its challenges for clinicians. Many of the patients carry risk factors for anaesthetic awareness and the mode of anaesthesia appropriate for the aerospace environment, total intravenous anaesthesia, also carries a higher risk compared to other methods. In addition the aerospace environment has other challenges not specific to sedation including noise distractions and the physiological effects of high altitude on patients which can impact on the ability to provide adequate sedation. Given all this, patients receiving sedation during medical retrieval would seem to be at a higher risk of anaesthetic awareness than many of their counterparts on the ground. For many high risk patients in hospitals technology such as brain monitoring has been shown to be effective in reducing awareness. Therefore as patients in the air are as likely, if not more likely to be at risk of awareness the use of this aid in medical retrieval is raised for consideration. However this technology will only ever be an adjunct to clinical expertise and an overall understanding of the flight environment and its challenges will allow for best patient care possible and the reduction of awareness during sedation.
SIMULATOR SICKNESS IN AIRFOX® DISORIENTATION SIMULATOR
Authors: Renjhen Piush 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Use of flight simulators has consistently increased over the years, a phenomenon known as simulator sickness upon simulator exposure (SE) has been of concern in aircrew. This Simulator Sickness (SS) has been largely considered to be a persistent limiting factor in continuing flying training. It is classically characterized by nausea, dizziness, postural instability, fatigue and general malaise. On cessation of SE, few symptoms may persist up to several hours and these may have an adverse impact on post-simulator training activities. AirFox® DISO, is widely used in Indian Air Force (IAF) to train aircrew on spatial disorientation. The paper presents a study carried out in IAF on the aircrew reporting to IAM, IAF Bangalore for training. The results are presented based on the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) administered to the aircrew.
Research and Implementation of Future Network Router
Authors: Huai Sun , Zhongsheng Wang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper summarizes the process and characteristics of IPV9, and introduces the digital domain name system, route management and security. The tunneling and dual protocol stack technologies are described. Both the transition from IPv4 to IPV9 and from IPV9 to IPv4 will be based on mature network conversion services that support protocol compatibility. The IPV9 router is currently available in two models, 100-megabit and gigabit. Both routers have good ability to meet the network needs of IPV9. The film transmission system of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications uses IPV9 and 5G technology, which is a relatively advanced transmission application of IPV9 at present. It summarizes the convenience and security brought by the new network address, and provides a new idea for the development of the network.
Research and Implementation of Future Network IPV9
Authors: Zhang Liu , Yubian Wang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, IPv4 has been difficult to meet the needs of the Internet in terms of performance, address space, security, etc. In order to solve the relevant needs of IPv4, protocols such as IPv6 and IPV9 have been born. This article introduces the current status and characteristics of IPv4 and IPv6, compares with IPV9, summarizes the relevant characteristics of IPV9, and introduces the production process of IPV9, its protocol composition, system architecture and related application introduction. IPV9 is controlled by my Chinese core technology and has independent intellectual property rights, which is the foundation of my country’s future network.
Application Research of Crawler and Data Analysis Based on Python
Authors: Hejing Wu , Fang Liu , Long Zhao , Yabin Shao , Ran Cui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Combined with the actual situation, this paper explores how to develop a crawler method based on the specific framework for the complete interface of steam manufacturers and stores, which should be able to automatically and efficiently crawl the data of specific targets, analyze the dynamic pages, and complete the data cleaning, downloading, saving and other operations, explore the methods of general data analysis, and Analyze the downloaded data, extract useful information from it, analyze and summarize the specific crawler method and data analysis method through practical application.
Design of Electric Power Line Drawing Algorithm
Authors: Pengzhan Sun , Juchao Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
At present, the drawing of power lines is still in the state of semi-manual design, mainly completed by AutoCAD, which not only consumes human resources, but also has low efficiency. Therefore, this paper designs an automatic drawing software for power lines. It integrates drawing and data management. Based on the basic information of power lines, this software imports and automatically converts the basic power data (latitude and longitude data) containing GPS/BeidDou positioning information into the distance, direction, angle and other information of poles and cables. Then, it realizes the function of automatically drawing the power line graph according to the scale by multiple tree traversal algorithm. This software is easy to operate and reliable, and has achieved good results in practice.
QRS complex detection and R–R interval computation based on discrete wavelet transform
Authors: Hamad Alhussainy Aqeel M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
QRS represented the most important part of ECG signal, so different researches and studies are performed for QRS recognition. In this paper, a new technique by using wavelet transform is used for de-noising ECG signal by using adaptive threshold, then DWT used to separate the high frequency from the low component, then compute the statistical information from low frequencies to be used in threshold computation, Based on these statics features, lower and upper threshold are calculated, which are updated according to number of peaks that are detected until two thresholds give same number of peaks, also the detected peaks are updated according to average R–R time. Results of (EDB) database was (Acc = 99.366%), while (LTSTDB) database was (Acc = 98.89%). The results are compared with other work and it is show that the proposed method gave better performance and can be used for QRS detection.
Dialogue as socially just communication
Authors: Kedian Jeremy 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Todays school leaders seemingly face an ever-increasing array of competing demands and challenges. They are expected to be innovative, transformational and expert while, at the same time, sharing many of the leadership processes, acting in ways that are ethical and socially just, and being highly consultative (Senge, 1994; Stoll, Fink, & Earl, 2003; West-Burnham & Coates, 2006). Together, these expectations place the building of effective interpersonal relationships at the heart of leadership and, thereby, raise the primacy of pervasive communication as an essential aspect of leadership. Thus, this article focuses on dialogue as a form of communication befitting the requirements of contemporary school leadership. It argues that dialogue contributes to a form of communal professionalism in which there is a reduction in barriers between school principals, other leaders, teaching staff, parents in schools, and students. It is in this respect, it is argued, that dialogue is able to automatically promote school leadership practices that effectively address equality and social justice concerns.
Researching social justice for students with special educational needs
Authors: Symes Rose 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Following international trends, and research evidence from New Zealand, England and the USA, it is likely that there will be an exponential increase in the number of students with special educational needs (SEN) enrolling in New Zealand schools in the ensuing years. Furthermore, the face of special needs is changing such that what is meant by the term, ‘special needs’, appears to be highly contestable and somewhat elusive. Although international literature uses the term ‘special needs’ unproblematically, what is now considered to be special needs appears far more complicated. Research by Graham-Matheson (2012a), Richards (2012) and Hall (1997) shows that the term ‘special needs’ leads to preconceptions which often ignore contextual issues. This can exacerbate the learning difficulties of students with special educational needs because it tends to support inappropriate leadership practices, ineffective teaching techniques, and insufficient resourcing in the context of these particular students. While education is considered to be a moral enterprise, the field of special education is arguably wrought with ethical dilemmas and moral problems, especially when educators are called upon to advocate for children with disabilities who often comprise a minority group within a school community (Fiedler & VanHaren, 2009; Hallett & Hallett, 2012). This article elaborates upon these perspectives so as to highlight the seriousness of this issue and, hence, to stress the need for its implications upon socially just school leadership practices in New Zealand to be far more thoroughly explored.
O le Tautai Matapalapala: Leadership strategies for supporting Pasifika students in New Zealand schools
Authors: Taleni Tufulasifa’atafatafa Ova , Macfarlane Angus Hikairo , Macfarlane Sonja , Fletcher Jo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article addresses effective school leaders so that leaders may navigate robust, vigorous and well-thought through changes and supports in schools to raise the engagement and achievement of Pasifika learners. From a Pasifika perspective, a “true leader” in education is an effective leader, a leader with high integrity (aloaia) and standing, who is driven by culturally responsive principles, values, aspirations and world views of the students. Such a leader utilizes a personal humanitarian approach with the self-belief, courage, determination and perseverance to wholeheartedly take students from where they are currently at in learning, to where they need to be. This research used Talanoa methodology to explore the perceptions off our principals on supporting Pasifika students in primary and secondary New Zealand schools. This research found a significant need for effective leadership by principals to navigate educational changes that genuinely make a difference to unlock doors of opportunities in every school to raise achievement and wellbeing for all Pasifika learners.
The integration of the functions of principals and deputy principals in the management of secondary schools
Authors: Corona Claudia Navarro , Slater Charles 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents and compares the results of two qualitative studies about leadership roles in secondary education. Both studies were conducted in the northwest of Mexico. The results show that in the first instance principals and deputy principals do not form work teams and show little concern for participation with one another. The functions of the deputy principals focus on the control of the institution, while the principals address the broader dimensions of administration, organization, social participation and pedagogy. This difference could lead to problems of sustainability of leadership because there is no platform for preparation and promotion. In addition, the absence of training programmes in Mexico limits the professionalisation of deputy principals. It is recommended that the functions performed by the principals and deputy principals be integrated.
Innovative learning environments: Beginning with the concept
Authors: Kedian Jeremy , West-Burnham John 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There is an observable trend in a number of countries, of schools moving away from the traditional or industrial modes of school organisation and leaning towards what has become known as modern or innovative learning environments (MLEs or ILEs). This has created difficulties for educational leaders who have found the change problematic. This article addresses the need to develop an appropriate and comprehensive conceptual understanding of the ILEs in order to introduce a different learning model and environment. In this model the authors use the notion of architectures to describe the process of “building” the concept. They propose the development of learning, social, thinking, futures, organisational and physical architectures.
The article is speculative, yet includes appropriate theorizing. It acknowledges that the notion of ILEs is new, and requires time to be refined and embedded in existing educational systems.
Teacher leadership report: How student-led pedagogy in modern learning environments (MLEs) can improve literacy learning
Authors: Briggs Ann R J , Gabites Bek , Mackenzie Scott , McIntosh Julie , Shelley Josh , Verstappen Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Our teacher leadership story comes from two schools collaborating on a New Zealand Teacher Led Innovation Fund (TLIF) project exploring the effect of student-led learning practices on literacy achievement within modern learning environments (MLEs). Our rationale is that learning which is individualised for all learners leads to more equitable outcomes for all. It also enables student ownership of learning, which in turn increases success for all learners, measured through improved student engagement, positive shifts in attitude, and improved progress and achievement.
We undertook two cycles of participatory action-based inquiry to find out how successful collaboration and student ownership within the MLEs could impact on literacy engagement and achievement. We noted considerable progress in the development of key competencies, influenced by the transfer of ownership from teacher to student through choice, sharing of the curriculum, and engagement with the wider range of resources readily available in an MLE. Giving students a say in their topic and context increased their engagement and led to improved outcomes in literacy achievement. The support provided by our school management for teacher-leadership of the innovations has enabled research-informed student-led pedagogy to be developed at both schools.
An integrative approach to the study of Helicotylenchus (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) Colombian and Brazilian populations associated with Musa crops
Authors: Riascos-Ortiz Donald , Mosquera-Espinosa Ana Teresa , De Agudelo Francia Varón , de Oliveira Claudio Marcelo Gonçalves , Muñoz-Florez Jaime Eduardo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In total, 10 populations of Helicotylenchus associated with Musa spp., six from Colombia, and four from Brazil were identified to the species level. Morphological and morphometric data were recorded for each population, performed a principal components analysis (PCA), a conglomerate, along with consensus sequences of D2 to D3 expansion segment of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA (28S) for different populations. Identify of species were performed using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), and the evolutionary relationships of species were explored using a phylogeny study. Four species of Helicotylenchus were identified based on morphological and morphometric data: H. multicinctus, H. dihystera, H. erythrinae, and H. californicus. PCA and conglomerate analysis clearly separated these species. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the presence of these species associated with Musa spp. crops. This is the first report of these species in Colombia through integrative taxonomy.
The relationship between commercial cotton cultivars with varying Meloidogyne incognita resistance genes and yield
Authors: Wheeler Terry A. , Siders Kerry , Monclova-Santana Cecilia , Dever Jane K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Small plot cotton cultivar trials (12 trials) were conducted from 2016 to 2019 in fields infested with Meloidogyne incognita. Entries in these trials included commercial cultivars with partial and high resistance to M. incognita, as well as cultivars with no known resistance. Different resistant groups were created based on different cotton seed companies and their descriptions of the M. incognita resistant cultivars. Groups were none (susceptible); partial resistance found in Stoneville or Fibermax cultivars (PR-FM/ST); partial resistance found in PhytoGen cultivars (PR-PHY); resistance (unknown gene(s)) in Deltapine cultivars (NR-DP); and highly resistant cultivars homozygous for RK1 and RK2 resistant genes in PhytoGen cultivars (HR-PHY). The highest lint yields using a mixed model analysis were found in the PR-FM/ST (1,396 kg lint/ha), HR-PHY (1,327 kg lint/ha), and PR-PHY (1,314 kg lint/ha) groups. Yield for NR-DP (1,234 kg lint/ha) was not different (p > 0.05) than yield for susceptible cultivars (1,243 kg lint/ha). If the older resistant cultivars from Deltapine and PhytoGen (those with only Roundup Ready® herbicide technology) were removed from the analysis, then HR-PHY yields increased by 133 kg of lint/ha to 1,460 kg lint/ha and NR-DP yields remained approximately unchanged (1,227 kg lint/ha). Newer HR-PHY had much improved yield over the first HR-PHY cultivars. Newer HR-PHY averaged 17% higher yield than the susceptible group. LOG10 (M. incognita eggs/500 cm3 soil + 1) were highest for the susceptible cultivars (3.2), followed by PR-FM/ST (2.6), NR-DP (2.4), PR-PHY (2.1), and lowest with HR-PHY (1.4). The newer HR-PHY cultivars (those with ENLIST® herbicide technology) combine excellent yields (17% higher than susceptible cultivars) with high (96%) suppression of M. incognita.