bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of carbon and soil quality in drylands of Aceh Besar, Indonesia
Authors: Sufardi  , Arabia Teti , Khairullah  , Karnilawati  , Fuadi Zahrul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The organic matter is an important component of sustainable agricultural systems and as one of the indicators of soil quality. This research aims to estimate the content and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil quality index in several soil orders of dryland areas in Aceh Besar Indonesia. SOC of soil was analyzed using the Walkley-Black method while the soil quality index (SQI) was evaluated by using the method of Mausbach and Seybold (1998). The results demonstrated that the contents of soil organic carbon in dryland areas of Aceh Besar District vary from low to very high (0.23-3.95%) depending on soil types. The organic C content on the soil surface, such as Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, Oxisols, Ultisols were generally low (less than 2%), and only Andisols which have a high content of organic C (3.95%). The average organic C content of order of soil are: Oxisols (0,74 ± 0.12%), Ultisols (0.61 ± 0.14%), Mollisols (0.75 ± 0.23%), Inceptisols (0.78± 0.46 %), Entisols (1.76 ± 1.33%), and Andisols (1.82 ± 0.71%) respectively. Soil quality index (SQI) of dryland in Aceh Besar District vary from a low to high with SQI range of 0.45-0.79. To increase the organic matter content and quality of the soils, adding organic amendments and biofertilizers is necessary.
Rainfall forecasting in agricultural areas using GSTAR-SUR model
Authors: Sulistyono A D , Hartawati  , Iriany A , Suryawardhani N W , Iriany A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The use of location weights on the formation of the spatio-temporal model contributes to the accuracy of the model formed. The location weights that are often used include uniform location weight, inverse distance, and normalization of cross-correlation. The weight of the location considers the proximity between locations. For data that has a high level of variability, the use of the location weights mentioned above is less relevant. This research was conducted with the aim of obtaining a weighting method that is more suitable for data with high variability. This research was conducted using secondary data derived from 10 daily rainfall data obtained from BMKG Karangploso. The data period used was January 2005 to December 2015. The points of the rain posts studied included the rain post of the Blimbing, Karangploso, Singosari, Dau, and Wagir regions. Based on the results of the research forecasting model obtained is the GSTAR ((1), 1,2,3,12,36)-SUR model. The cross-covariance model produces a better level of accuracy in terms of lower RMSE values and higher R2 values, especially for Karangploso, Dau, and Wagir areas.
Diversity of Bactrocera spp. on some mango varieties at Kecamatan Talun, Kabupaten Cirebon
Authors: Susanto A , Djaya L , Roziana E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) is a major pest of horticultural crops, especially fruits. Fruit fly larvae feed on the flesh of fruit, and cause the decrease of both quantity and quality of the production. Fruit fly species on certain fruit in an area is important to be identified to make a right decision in choosing the control methods. The objectives of this study were to identify the fruit fly species, and determine the dominant species and diversity index of fruit flies on mangoes Gedong Gincu, Cengkir, and Arumanis at Kecamatan Talun, Kabupaten Cirebon, Indonesia. The survey was carried out by collecting samples of mango fruit attacked by fruit flies from field, wholesaler, and retailer at Kecamatan Talun. The results showed that there were four species that attack mangoes Gedong Gincu, Cengkir, and Arumanis at Kecamatan Talun, namely B. dorsalis; B. carambolae; interspesific hybrids of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis; and B. albistrigata. The dominant species was B. dorsalis. Diversity index (H’) of fruit fly species was 0,05 ≤ H’ ≤ 0,48 (H’ < 1,5), so that the diversity was considered low.
Distance of agricultural land from natural habitat affects the functional trait diversity and species diversity but not abundance of Hymenoptera parasites
Authors: Ulina E S , Rizali A , Manuwoto S , Pudjianto  , Buchori D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In agricultural landscapes, natural habitat may enhance species diversity or the abundance of natural enemies in arable lands, and thereby suppress pest populations effectively. However, there is a lack of studies in Tropical regions about these interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the community structure of Hymenoptera parasites at two distances (<200 m and > 400 m) from edges of natural habitat to cucumber fields. This research was carried out in twelve cucumber fields in West Java, Indonesia. Hymenopteran parasites were collected by yellow pan trap and hand picking of parasitized lepidopteran larvae. In total, 19 family and 130 parasitoid species, comprising 19,167 individuals, were collected in our experiments. A number of 56 (43.1%) hymenopteran parasites species found only in cropping with a certain distance away from the natural habitat. Of these, as many as 39 species (69.6%) hymenopteran parasites found in cucumber fields within close natural habitats, while the crop is being of natural habitats found 17 species (13.1%). Moreover, the functional diversity of hymenopteran parasites tends to increase on cropland closed to natural habitat. We conclude that distance of agricultural land to natural habitat affect hymenopteran parasites.
Potency of biofertilizer to control damping off disease and stimulate plant growth on Japansche Citroen Seedling
Authors: Widyaningsih S , Dwiastuti M E , Agustina D , Sudiana I M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Damping off is one of the diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens resulting in the death of seedling in a short time. Control of this disease is quite difficult. The study aimed to examine the potential of biofertilizers and the time of application to damping off disease intensity and plant growth on Japansche citroen seedling. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors: 1). Biofertilizer namely AzzoFor (P1), liquid biofertilizer (P2), a secondary metabolite of Trichoderma asperellum (P3), the mixture of three biofertilizers (P4), and control (P5), 2). The time of application, namely the treatment of biofertilizers first then followed by the inoculation of F. oxysporum. (A1) and the treatment of F. oxysporu first followed by treatment of biofertilizer (A2). The results showed that the lowest disease intensity was found in A1P3 treatment (0%), while in control reached 41.3%. The treatment of A1P2, A2P1, A2P2 and A2P4 showed the same disease intensity. The highest disease control effectiveness found in A1P2, A1P3, A2P1, A2P2 and A2P4 treatments and this was significantly different compared to A1P4, A2P3 and control treatments. The most significant percentage of seeds germinate at 21 DAS was shown in A1P1 treatment (26.7%) and A2P3 treatment (25.3%), while after 28 DAS, it was in A2P4 treatment (73.3%). The lowest plant height at 28 DAS was A1P4 treatment and control. Biofertilizer is useful for controlling the damping-off disease if applied separately.
Effect of planting media on the growth of red betel (Piper crocatum) cutting
Authors: Widyastuti T , Isnawan B H , Adawiyah S R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Red betel is a plant that is cultivated by many people in Indonesia. Vegetative propagation of red betel through cuttings usually has a low success rate because it is affected by the planting medium used. This research aimed to determine the best planting medium for the growth of red betel cutting. The medium use was soil, sand, compost, husk charcoal, coconut coir and fractional tile which made in various combination i.e., M1 (soil + compost), M2 (soil + husk charcoal), M3 (soil + coconut coir), M4 (soil + sand + compost), M5 (soil + sand + husk charcoal), M6 (soil + sand + coconut coir), M7 (soil + fractional tile + compost), M8 (soil + fractional tile + husk charcoal) and M9 (soil + fractional tile + coconut coir). The results showed that the planting medium affect the growth of red betel cutting. M2 (soil + husk charcoal) treatment showed the best effect to support the growth of red betel of cutting.
Limited Mating Ability of a Wasp Strain with Rickettsia-Induced Thelytoky
Authors: Adachi-Hagimori Tetsuya , Miura Kazuki 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Sexual reproduction is the dominant mode of reproduction in plants and animals; however, some species from various taxonomic groups reproduce asexually. Because some of these asexual species lack DNA recombination and so have low genetic variability, these asexual species are more likely to go extinct than sexual species. Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid in which both arrhenotokous and thelytokous strains occur in sympatry. The thelytokous strain is infected by a parthenogenesis-inducing Rickettsia bacterium. We investigated whether fertilized progeny can be produced between females and antibiotic-induced males of the thelytokous strain. The males produced by antibiotic treatment showed the same courtship behaviors as the arrhenotokous males, but at a lower rate, and did not produce fertilized progeny. The results confirm that the thelytokous strain has been maintained by a functional apomixis mechanism rather than by occasional sex, preserving a degree of heterozygosity.
Phylogeography of the Cran’s bullyGobiomorphus basalis(Gobiiformes: Eleotridae) and an analysis of species boundaries within the New Zealand radiation ofGobiomorphus
Authors: Shelley James J , David Bruno O , Thacker Christine E , Hicks Andy S , Jarvis Matt G , Unmack Peter J 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew Zealand has a complex recent history of climatic and tectonic change that has left variable signatures in the geographic distribution and genetic structure of the region’s flora and fauna. To identify concordant patterns, a broad range of taxa must be examined and compared. In New Zealand’s North Island, a consensus is forming as to the dominant biogeographic barriers in the region although obligate freshwater taxa have not been considered in this framework. We use single-nucleotide polymorphisms to investigate phylogeography in the widespread obligate freshwater fish Gobiomorphus basalis on the North Island. Phylogeographic patterns within G. basalis reveal biogeographic disjunctions that are in some ways consistent and in other ways at odds with established patterns, providing insight into the processes that have shaped the islands’ biogeography. We also use phylogeography to delineate species boundaries within the entire New Zealand radiation of Gobiomorphus and find that it contains several morphologically cryptic species. We resolve two clades within G. basalis that correspond to areas north and south of the Taupo Volcanic Zone. We confirm the distinctiveness of Gobiomorphus alpinus relative to Gobiomorphus cotidianus, as well as the presence of two lineages within Gobiomorphus breviceps that were previously identified based on mitochondrial data.
The Pitman–Yor multinomial process for mixture modelling
Authors: Lijoi Antonio , Prünster Igor , Rigon Tommaso 
Published: April 2020

SummaryDiscrete nonparametric priors play a central role in a variety of Bayesian procedures, most notably when used to model latent features, such as in clustering, mixtures and curve fitting. They are effective and well-developed tools, though their infinite dimensionality is unsuited to some applications. If one restricts to a finite-dimensional simplex, very little is known beyond the traditional Dirichlet multinomial process, which is mainly motivated by conjugacy. This paper introduces an alternative based on the Pitman–Yor process, which provides greater flexibility while preserving analytical tractability. Urn schemes and posterior characterizations are obtained in closed form, leading to exact sampling methods. In addition, the proposed approach can be used to accurately approximate the infinite-dimensional Pitman–Yor process, yielding improvements over existing truncation-based approaches. An application to convex mixture regression for quantitative risk assessment illustrates the theoretical results and compares our approach with existing methods.
Causal inference for recurrent event data using pseudo-observations
Authors: Su Chien-Lin , Platt Robert W , Plante Jean-François 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Recurrent event data are commonly encountered in observational studies where each subject may experience a particular event repeatedly over time. In this article, we aim to compare cumulative rate functions (CRFs) of two groups when treatment assignment may depend on the unbalanced distribution of confounders. Several estimators based on pseudo-observations are proposed to adjust for the confounding effects, namely inverse probability of treatment weighting estimator, regression model-based estimators, and doubly robust estimators. The proposed marginal regression estimator and doubly robust estimators based on pseudo-observations are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. A bootstrap approach is proposed for the variance estimation of the proposed estimators. Model diagnostic plots of residuals are presented to assess the goodness-of-fit for the proposed regression models. A family of adjusted two-sample pseudo-score tests is proposed to compare two CRFs. Simulation studies are conducted to assess finite sample performance of the proposed method. The proposed technique is demonstrated through an application to a hospital readmission data set.
Early demonstration and research on the key technical issues of large-basin hydropower development under the concept of harmony
Authors: Duan Bin , Chen Gang , Tang Maoying , Yan Qinzhi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As a typical representative of hydropower development in China, the Dadu River is characterized by abundant water resources, poor geological conditions, many resettlements and limited environmental capacity. Therefore, the technical problems faced by Dadu River hydropower development are numerous and complex. We analysed these technical problems, such as the hydropower-development mode, normal water level, dam-site selection, damming technology, migration resettlement and environmental protection. The concept and characteristics of harmonious hydropower development are identified. The harmonious hydropower-development concept has been applied to all aspects of the Dadu River hydropower-development feasibility study to solve the key technical problems of hydropower development on the Dadu River and to promote the development of China’s hydropower.
Noradrenergic But Not Dopaminergic Neurons Signal Task State Changes and Predict Reengagement After a Failure
Authors: Jahn Caroline I , Varazzani Chiara , Sallet Jérôme , Walton Mark E , Bouret Sébastien 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The two catecholamines, noradrenaline and dopamine, have been shown to play comparable roles in behavior. Both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons respond to cues predicting reward availability and novelty. However, even though both are thought to be involved in motivating actions, their roles in motivation have seldom been directly compared. We therefore examined the activity of putative noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus and putative midbrain dopaminergic neurons in monkeys cued to perform effortful actions for rewards. The activity in both regions correlated with engagement with a presented option. By contrast, only noradrenaline neurons were also (i) predictive of engagement in a subsequent trial following a failure to engage and (ii) more strongly activated in nonrepeated trials, when cues indicated a new task condition. This suggests that while both catecholaminergic neurons are involved in promoting action, noradrenergic neurons are sensitive to task state changes, and their influence on behavior extends beyond the immediately rewarded action.
Simultaneous Determination of Prostaglandin and Hormones in Excreta of Trogopterus xanthipes
Authors: Liu Haolong , Fan Miaoxuan , Fu Xintong , Chen Yougen , Ye Min , Guo Hongzhu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The excreta of Trogopterus xanthipes (also called Wulingzhi in Chinese, WLZ) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of irregular menstruation in clinic. Few reports are available on the chemical profiling of WLZ. In this work, qualitative and quantitative analyses of endogenous prostaglandin and hormones in WLZ were performed using UHPLC-orbitrap-MSn. In total, 48 compounds were identified in urine of T. xanthipes. Furthermore, the contents of four target compounds were simultaneously quantitated in 20 batches of samples by UPLC-MS/MS. The quantitative method showed a good linear correlation (R &gt; 0.995) in a wide range for each compound. The method had a high sensitivity with LOD (0.5–1.0 ng/mL) and LOQ (1.0–2.5 ng/mL). The intra- and inter-day precisions were &lt; 9.17 (RSD %), and repeatability and stability were &lt; 6.14 (RSD %). The recovery of the analytes varied between 85.8% and 97.3% at three different concentrations. The present integrated qualitative and quantitative assessment of WLZ provides an evaluation strategy to assess the constituent in traditional Chinese medicine.
Towards Optimization of Hydroxychloroquine Dosing in Intensive Care Unit COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Perinel Sophie , Launay Manon , Botelho-Nevers Élisabeth , Diconne Éric , Louf-Durier Aurore , Lachand Raphaël , Murgier Martin , Page Dominique , Vermesch Régine , Thierry Guillaume , Delavenne Xavier 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) appears to be a promising treatment for COVID-19. However, all ongoing clinical trials with HCQ use different dosing regimens, resulting in various concentrations. Pharmacokinetic studies are therefore needed to define the optimal dosing regimen.
Personalised Adherence Support for Maintenance Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Tailored Digital Intervention to Change Adherence-related Beliefs and Barriers
Authors: Chapman Sarah , Sibelli Alice , St-Clair Jones Anja , Forbes Alastair , Chater Angel , Horne Rob 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsInterventions to improve adherence to medication may be more effective if tailored to the individual, addressing adherence-related beliefs about treatment and overcoming practical barriers to daily use. We evaluated whether an algorithm, tailoring support to address perceptual and practical barriers to adherence, reduced barriers and was acceptable to patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD].MethodsParticipants with IBD, prescribed azathioprine and/or mesalazine, were recruited via patient groups, social media, and hospital clinics and allocated to Intervention or Control Groups. The online intervention comprised messages tailored to address beliefs about IBD and maintenance treatment and to provide advice on overcoming practical difficulties with taking regular medication. The content was personalised to address specific perceptual and practical barriers identified by a pre-screening tool. Validated questionnaires assessed barriers to adherence and related secondary outcomes at baseline and at 1 and 3 months of follow-up.ResultsA total of 329 participants were allocated to the Intervention [n = 153] and Control [n = 176] Groups; just under half [46.2%] completed follow-up. At 1 and 3 months, the Intervention Group had significantly fewer concerns about IBD medication [p ≤0.01]; and at three months, fewer doubts about treatment necessity, fewer reported practical barriers, and higher reported adherence [p &lt;0.05]. Relative to controls at follow-up, the Intervention Group were more satisfied with information about IBD medicines, and viewed pharmaceuticals in general more positively. Questionnaires, interviews, and intervention usage indicated that the intervention was acceptable.ConclusionsPersonalised adherence support using a digital algorithm can help patients overcome perceptual barriers [doubts about treatment necessity and medication concerns] and practical barriers to adherence.
Tolerance and Removal of Four Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds (PAHs) by Black Soldier Fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)
Authors: Fan Mingxia , Liu Nian , Wu Xiangji , Zhang Jibin , Cai Minmin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as well-recognized toxic chemical, cause the public hazard in environments. Here, we demonstrated the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) could tolerate the PAHs and reduce their content. Four typical PAHs (1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 mg/kg), naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, were individually spiked into BSFL conversion systems. The parameters for larval growth, conversion process, and PAHs removal were determined in spiked group and no-spiked control. The results show that the larval development time (19.7–21.0 d) in the half of PAH groups was significantly longer by 2–4 d than those in the control, while the relative growth rates (1.88–1.99% per day) in the majority PAH groups were lower. The larval mortalities (0–2.83%), harvest yields (80.20–85.91 g), conversion rates (14.71–15.83%), and eclosion rates (60.27–82.67%) in almost all of PAH groups did not significantly different from those in the control. The four PAHs potentially delayed the development time of BSFL, slowed the larval growth, and lower waste reduction rates, but these influences were slight and might be caused by the inhibition of PAHs to microbial activity. The BSFL-mortalities, conversion rates, yields, and eclosion rates were not significantly affected by the PAHs. Furthermore, BSFL effectively removed 34.1–84.2% of PAHs from subtracts in 18–21 d. The removal of PAHs with low concentration could be easier than those with high concentration by BSFL. The present results provide an alternative strategy to treat the waste contaminated by PAHs and elucidate the effect of PAHs on insects in the environment.
What is the mechanism of irregular pacing spikes? Pacing failure, sensing failure, or something else? A case report
Authors: Oguri Gaku , Kojima Toshiya , Fujiu Katsuhito , Komuro Issei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
In cardiac implantable electronic device management, confused electrocardiograms are sometimes encountered.

Case summary
We experienced a case of dizziness and presyncope, which was accompanied by irregular pacing spikes following QRS complexes, pacing failure, sensing failure, or something else. The patient’s second active pacemaker in her left chest was functioning normally. However, her old abdominal pacemaker had automatically changed from the OVO to VVI mode because of an elective replacement indicator. As a result, her old and second pacemakers had an interaction. Old invalid pacing spikes induced oversensing of the current pacemaker, which interfered with valid pacing.

Discussion
We experienced a rare case of dizziness and presyncope with confused pacing spikes. Physicians should be aware of the unexpected interactions that are possible with devices with automatic mode changes.