bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Metachronous Brain Metastasis in Patients with EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ouyang Wen , Yu Jing , Zhou Yan , Hu Jing , Huang Zhao , Zhang Junhong , Xie Conghua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation were at a higher incidence of developing brain metastasis (BM). Patients with BM are associated with high mortality. Reducing BM incidence becomes increasingly significant for NSCLC patients to achieve prolonged survival. The aim of the study was to explore the possible risk factors of developing metachronous BM during EGFR-TKIs treatment, and to identify the potential candidates for prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI ) or the first-line osimertinib treatment. Methods A total of 157 consecutive EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC patients without BM at initial diagnosis in our institution from 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed . Comparisons of OS were performed based on BM status. The cumulative incidence of metachronous BM was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the independent risk factors of metachronous BM were investigated by multivariate analysis. Results Patients developing metachronous BM had worse survival (mOS: 22.1 months) than patients not-developing BM (mOS: 44.8 months). Moreover, the multivariate analysis indicated that age ≤ 49 years ( P =0.035), number of extracranial metastases ( P =0.013), and malignant pleural effusion ( P =0.002) were independent risk factors of metachronous BM. Furthermore, the 1-year actuarial incidence of developing metachronous BM in patients with no risk factor (n =101), 1 risk factor (n =46), and 2 risk factors (n =10) were 7.01%, 14.61%, and 43.75%, respectively ( P <0.001). Conclusions Patients developing metachronous BM during EGFR-TKIs treatment have worse outcomes. Our results suggested that EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC patients with ≥ 1 risk factors were candidates for PCI or the first-line Osimertinib treatment.
Evaluation of a Rapid Immunochromatographic test kit to the Gold Standard Fluorescent Antibody test for diagnosis of rabies in animals in Bhutan
Authors: Tenzin Tenzin , Lhamo Kelzang , Rai Purna B , Tshering Dawa , Jamtsho Pema , Namgyal Jamyang , Wangdi Thrinang , Letho Sangay , Rai Tuku , Jamtsho Sonam , Dorji Chendu , Rinchen Sangay , Lungten Lungten , Wangmo Karma , Lungten Lungten , Wangchuk Pema , Gempo Tshewang , Jigme Kezang , Phuntshok Karma , Tenzinla Tenzinla , Gurung Ratna B , Dukpa Kinzang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Rabies kills approximately 59,000 people in the world each year worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of rabies is important for instituting rapid containment measures and for advising the exposed people for postexposure treatment. The application of a rapid diagnostic tests in the field can greatly enhance disease surveillance and diagnostic activities, especially in resource poor settings. In this study, a total of 179 brain tissue samples collected from different rabies suspect animal species (113 dogs, 50 cattle, 10 cats, 3 goats, 2 horses, and 1 bear) were selected and tested using both rapid immunochromatographic kit and the reference standard fluorescent antibody test (FAT). We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of a rapid antigen detection test kit produced by BioNote, Inc. (Hwaseong-si, Korea) relative to a FAT for its fit-for-purpose for confirmation of clinical cases of rabies for early response and enhancing rabies surveillance. Results: Among 179 samples examined in this study, there was a concordance in results by the rapid test and FAT in 115 positive samples and 54 negative samples. Test results were discordant in 10 samples which were positive by FAT, but negative (false negative) by rapid kit. The rapid test kit showed a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI: 85.9 – 95.6) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 93.4 – 100) using FAT as the reference standard. The positive and negative predictive values were found to be 100% (95% CI:96.7 – 100) and 84.4% (95% CI: 73.6 – 91.3), respectively. Overall, there was 94.4% (95% CI: 90 – 96.9) test agreement between rapid test and FAT (Kappa value = 0.874) with a positive percent agreement and negative percent agreement of 92 and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: Our finding demonstrated that the rapid test kit (BioNote) can be used for rabies surveillance and confirming clinical case of rabies in animals for making rapid decisions particularly controlling rabies outbreaks in resource poor settings.
The role of text messaging intervention in Inner Mongolia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Liu Dan , Du Maolin , Hao Ruiqi , Zheng Huiqiu , Yan Chaoli 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background: Short messages service (SMS) provides a practical medium for delivering content to address patients to adherence to self-management. The aim of study was to design some patient-centered health education messages, evaluate the feasibility of messages, and explore the effect of this model. Methods: The messages were designed by a panel of experts, and SMS Quality Evaluation Questionnaire was used to evaluate their quality. A two-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this management model. Participants were randomly divided into an intervention group (IG) who received evaluated messages and a control group (CG) who received regular education. The primary outcomes were changes in plasma glucose and control rates, and the secondary outcomes were improvements in diet control, physical activities, weight control, etc. Results: A total of 42 messages covering five main domains: health awareness, diet control, physical activities, living habits and weight control were designed, and the average scores of the messages were 8.0 (SD 0.7), 8.5 (SD 0.6), 7.9 (SD 1.0), 8.0 (SD 0.7), and 8.4 (SD 0.9), respectively. In the SMS intervention, 171 patients with an average age of 55.1 years were involved, including 86 in the CG and 85 in the IG. At 12 months, compared with the control group (CG), the decrease of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (1.5 vs. 0.4, P = 0.011) and control rate (49.4% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.034), the postprandial glucose (PPG) (5.8 vs. 4.2, P = 0.009) and control rate (57.8% vs. 33.7%, P = 0.002) were better in the intervention group (IG). In terms of self-management, improvements in weight control (49.3% vs. 28.2%, P=0.031), vegetables consumption (87.3% vs. 29.0%, P<0.001), fruits consumption (27.5% vs. 7.4%, P=0.022), and physical activities (84.7% vs. 70.0%, P=0.036) were better in the IG than in the CG. Conclusions: The overall quality of the messages was high. It was effective and feasible to carry out an SMS intervention to improve the behavioral habits of patients with chronic diseases in remote and undeveloped areas. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus; mHealth; randomized controlled trialTrial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, ChiCTR1900023445. Registered May 28, 2019--Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx
Magnitude of Home Delivery and Associated Factors Among Child Bearing Age Mothers in Sherkole District, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State-Western-Ethiopia.
Authors: Gebremariam Resom Berhe , Nigusie Adane 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization estimates that globally only 43 percent of women have access to skilled care during deliveries and the rest are exposed to unskilled delivery service. A recent Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey report stated that maternal death was 412 per 100,000 in 2016.This still indicates that maternal health remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia irrespective of the government’s measure to institutional delivery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of home delivery and associated factors among women of child bearing age in Sherkole district, Western Ethiopia.Methods: - A community based cross sectional study was conducted among women aged 15-49 years in Sherkole district, Benishangul Gumuz region from January to June 2018. A total of 451 randomly selected women were included in the study. Stratified sampling followed by simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pretested and structured questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with home delivery among women in the child bearing age. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Results: The magnitude of home delivery was 353 (80%) and were assisted by non-skilled birth attendants. Mothers whose husband chooses the place of delivery [AOR: 5.6, 95% CI (2.1-15.2), Mothers’ occupation ([AOR: 0.21 95% C I (0.08-0.57), ANC visit [AOR: 95 CI: 5.1(1.6-15.8), decision making [AOR: 95 CI: 0.3(0.01-0.7)] and traditional remedies [AOR: 95%CI: 0.03 (0.01-0.09)] were significantly associated with home delivery.Conclusions: Based on the findings of the survey, it was concluded that the overall magnitude of home delivery was found to be high. Therefore, it is recommended that the promotion of antenatal care follow-up with maternal and child health information particularly on delivery complications or danger signs needs due attention and remedial actions. In addition, it is empirical to study the need and the feasibility of introducing defaulter tracing mechanisms in ANC services, by learning from experiences of settings that have already adopted it.
Predicting Non-elective hospital readmission or Death using a Composite Assessment of Cognitive and Physical Frailty in Elderly inpatients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yao Simin , Zheng Peipei , Liang Yaodan , Wan Yuhao , Sun Ning , Luo Yao , Yang Jiefu , Wang Hua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to assess the utility of the combination of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) + clock drawing test (CDT) and the Fried phenotype for predicting non-elective hospital readmission or death within six months in elderly inpatients with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods: A single-center prospective cohort was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019. Inpatients ≥65 years old were recruited. Predictive validity was tested using a Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis, and the discriminative ability was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: A total of 542 patients were included. Overall, 12% (64/542) screened positive for cognitive impairment, 16% (86/542) were physically frail and 8% (44/542) had cognitive impairment combined with physical frailty, showing an older age (P<0.001) and a lower education level (P<0.001) than physically frail patients. A total of 113 patients (20.9%) died or were readmitted at six months. Frail participants with a normal (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-2.82, P=0.028) or impaired cognition (HR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.27-4.91, P=0.008) had a higher risk of non-elective hospital readmission or death than robust patients after adjusting for the age, sex, education level, marital status, the presence of diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and history of stroke. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) showed that the discriminative ability in relation to six months readmission and death for the MMSE + CDT + Fried phenotype was 0.65 (95% CI: 0.60-0.71), and the AUC for men was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63-0.78), while that for women was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.51-0.69).Conclusions: Accounting for cognitive impairment in the frailty phenotype may allow for the better prediction of non-elective hospital readmission or death in elderly inpatients with CVD in the short term.Trial registration: ChiCTR1800017204; date of registration: 07/18/2018.
Intra-carotid arterial transfusion of circulatory-derived autologous endothelial progenitor cells in rodent after ischemic stroke — evaluating the impact of therapeutic time points on prognostic outcomes
Authors: Lin Kun-Chen , Chai Han-Tan , Chen Kuan-Hung , Sung Pei‐Hsun , Chiang John Y. , Shao Pei-Lin , Huang Chi-Ruei , Li Yi-Chen , Ko Sheung-Fat , Yip Hon-Kan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: This study tested the optimal time point for left intra-carotid arterial (LICA) administration of circulatory-derived autologous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for improving the outcome in rat after acute ischemic stroke (IS). Methods and Results: Adult-male SD rats (n=70) were equally categorized into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 (IS), group 3 (IS+EPCs/1.2x10 6 cells/by LICA administration 3h after IS), group 4 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-3 IS), group 5 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-7 IS), group 6 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-14 IS) and group 7 (IS+EPCs/LICA administration post-day-28 IS). The brain-infarct volume (BIV) (at day 60/MRI) was lowest in group 1, highest in group 2 and significantly progressively increased from groups 3 to 7, whereas among the IS animals, the neurological function was significantly preserved in groups 3 to 6 than in groups 2 and 7 post-day-60 IS (all p<0.0001). By day 60, the endothelial cell markers at protein and cellular levels, and number of small vessels exhibited an opposite pattern of BIV among the groups (all p<0.0001). The protein and cellular levels of inflammation, and protein levels of oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis, were highest in group 2, lowest in group 1 and progressively increased from groups 3 to 7 (all p<0.0001). The angiogenesis biomarkers at protein and cellular levels were significantly progressively increased from groups 1 to 3, then significantly progressively decreased from groups 4 to 7 (all p<0.0001). Conclusion: Early EPC administration provided better benefits on improving functional/image/molecular-cellular outcomes after acute IS in rat.
Variability in blood lipids affects the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Liding , Xu Tian , Li Ya , Luan Yi , Lv Qingbo , Fu Guosheng , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is associated with chronic inflammation and lipid metabolism. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as an indicator of inflammation has been confirmed to be associated with cardiovascular disease prognosis. However, few studies have explored the effects of blood lipid variability on NLR. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between variability in blood lipid levels and NLR. Methods: The association between variability in blood lipids and NLR was assessed with both univariate and multivariate linear regression. Multivariate linear regression was also performed for a subgroup analysis. Results: The variability of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (regression coefficients [β] 4.008, standard error (SE) 0.503, P-value<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ([β] 0.626, SE 0.164, P-value<0.001) were risk factors for the NLR value, although baseline LDL-C and HDL-C were not risk factors for NLR values. Variability of HDL-C ([β] 4.328, SE 0.578, P-value<0.001) and LDL-C ([β] 0.660, SE 0.183, P-value<0.001) were risk factors for NLR variability. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the relationship between variability of LDL-C and NLR was consistent with the trend of the total sample for those with diabetes mellitus, controlled blood lipid, statins, atorvastatin. The relationship between the variability of HDL-C and NLR was consistent with the trend of the total sample in all subgroups. Conclusion: The variability of HDL-C and LDL-C are risk factors for the value and variability of NLR, while the relationship between variability of HDL-C and NLR is more stable than the variability of LDL-C in the subgroup analysis, which provides a new perspective for controlling inflammation in patients undergoing PCI.
“Combined Sodium Dimercaptopropanesulfonate and Zinc versus D-penicillamine as First-line Therapy for Neurological Wilson’s disease”
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xiao Lulu , Yang Wenming 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Even though recent research has achieved significant advancement in the development of therapeutic approaches for Wilson’s diseases (WD), the current treatment options available for WD are still limited, expecially for WD patients with neurological symptoms. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the course of treatment for WD patients with neurological symptoms receiving either combined sodium 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonate (DMPS) and zinc treatment or D-penicillamine (DPA) monotherapy as first-line therapy. Methods: The case records of 158 patients diagnosed with neurological WD were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were treated with intravenous DMPS+Zinc and in combination with oral Zinc as a maintenance therapy (Group 1) or DPA alone (Group 2) for 1 year. During the period of treatment, the neurological symptoms of the patients were assessed using the Global Assessment Scale (GAS). The key hematological and biochemical parameters of the patients (such as the levels of aminotransferase, serum ceruloplasmin, 24-h urine copper excretion), as well as adverse effects were recorded and analyzed. Results: 93 patients in Group 1, displayed decreased GAS scores consistently in comparison to the baseline (P < 0.01). Among them, 82(88.2%) patients displayed a significant improvement in their neurological status after 1 year, while 8 patients (8.6%) experienced neurological deterioration. Among the 65 patients in Group 2, 37 patients (58.5%) displayed neurological improvements, while 17 patients (26.2%) experienced neurological deterioration at 1-year follow up. 6 patients discontinued their treatment midway due to their exacerbating neurological symptoms. A comprehensive comparison of the effectiveness of the two courses of treatment revealed that patients in group 1 demonstrated a higher improvement ratio ( P < 0.01) and lower worsening ratio of the neurological symptoms of the patients ( P < 0.01) in comparison to the patients in group 2. Meanwhile, renal function, liver enzyme and the blood cell counts remained stabilized in group1. Conclusions: This study suggests that the combined therapeutic approach of treatment with DPMS and zinc should be the preferred first-line therapy in treating the neurological symptoms of WD, in comparison to the treatment with DPA, as the experimental data demonstrates that it is significantly more efficient.
Doing exercise or sport together with one’s child is positively associated with mothers’ momentary affect in daily life, but not with higher levels of overall physical activity
Authors: Kanning Martina , Do Bridgette , Mason Tyler B. , Belcher Britni R. , Yang Chih-Hsiang , Dunton Genevieve F. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Physical inactivity is a widespread problem with a great need for innovative intervention concepts to overcome it. Epidemiological studies have identified working women in high-income Western countries to be at greater risk for physical inactivity. The current study included working mothers and examined within-subject associations between doing exercise/sport together with one’s child and five different affective states, and with light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).Method: During one week, mothers (N = 192) completed up to eight ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys a day to assess momentary affect and certain situational circumstances (e.g., doing exercise/sport, being together with child). Physical activity was assessed objectively with waist-worn accelerometers. Results Multilevel analysis showed that doing exercise/sport together with one’s child was associated with higher positive affect and lower negative affect compared to being active alone. However, greater frequency of doing exercise/sport together with children was negatively associated with MVPA. Discussion Due to the positive effect on momentary affect, combining spending time together with one’s child and simultaneously doing exercise/sport might be a good strategy of pairing two relevant personal goals. However, this strategy was not associated with sufficient MVPA.
Exercise training improves adipocyte accumulation and muscle fibrosis by TGF-β1 and α-SMA reduction after botulinum toxin type A administration in mice
Authors: Na Jungtae , Lee Esther , Im Song I , Kim Yu-jin , Kim Su Young , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise on functional recovery of the murine gastrocnemius muscle and nerve after botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) administration. Methods: After the injection of 0.5 units of BoNT-A into the gastrocnemius muscle of ICR mice, treadmill exercise was conducted for a 6-week period, after which the muscle volume, weight, and sciatic functional index (SFI) was determined and a nerve conduction study (NCS) and histological evaluation were performed. Results: After exercise, there was no change in the gastrocnemius weight and volume, but NCS and SFI increased. Exercise prevented induced adipocyte accumulation and muscle fibrosis. Moreover, transforming growth factor-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin expressions decreased and CD34, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and synaptosomal nerve-associated protein 25 expressions increased when treadmill exercise was performed after BoNT-A administration. Conclusions: Exercise can effectively recover the nerve function and would aid in muscle function recovery by preventing fat cell accumulation and muscle fibrosis after BoNT-A administration.
Impact of sublethal pyrethroid exposure on resistant Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes’ fitness
Authors: Kropf Alida , Fodjo Behi K , Zoh Marius G , Sadia Chistabelle G , Kouadio Affoué FP , Mouhamadou Chouaibou 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background : There is increasing evidence of insecticide resistance spreading among wild mosquito populations, which is widely believed to compromise vector control once it reaches a threshold that enables mosquitoes to survive exposure to long lasting treated bed-net (LLIN) or indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, very little is known about the long-term impact of insecticide resistance on malaria transmission, which makes the consequence of insecticide resistance spreading difficult to predict. Methods: To gain more clarity, we have assessed five life-history traits of a resistant Anopheles gambiae laboratory strain that was repeatedly exposed to a LLIN and compared with individuals issued from the same strain but exposed to an untreated bed-net. Results: The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test did not show any significant impact of gonotrophic cycle on the five traits. However, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov non-parametric test revealed a significant (i) drop in blood feeding mean rates (D = 0.800; P< 0.0001), (ii) increase in 24-hours post-exposure (D = 0.600; P< 0.001) and (iii) end of gonotrophic cycle mortality (D = 0.611; P <0.006), and (iv) drop in egg laying rate (D = 0.730, P< 0.0001) when mosquitoes were exposed. Surprisingly, there was rather an upward trend in the number of L3 larvae/female mosquito for the exposed group comparing to the unexposed one, although the difference was not significant (D = 0.417, P> 0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that in a context of widespread of resistance to insecticides, current pyrethroid-based vector control tools can still confer protection against malaria.