bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human capital, cultural distance and staffing localization
Authors: Ando Naoki 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThis study aims to explore how a change in the staffing configuration of foreign subsidiaries affects subsidiary performance by focusing on staffing localization.Design/methodology/approachThe relationship between localization and subsidiary performance is analyzed from the perspective of human capital. Hypotheses are tested using a panel data set of foreign direct investment by Japanese multinational enterprises.FindingsThe analysis demonstrates that localization has a positive effect on subsidiary performance when subsidiaries can access a pool of competent local managers in the host country. It also shows that when competent local managers are highly available, localization has a positive effect on subsidiary performance under high cultural distance. In comparison, when the availability of competent local managers is limited and cultural distance is high, localization has a negative effect on subsidiary performance.Originality/valueUsing human capital theory, this study theorizes how localization, which is a change in the configuration of human capital toward a reliance on local-specific human capital, enhances subsidiary-specific advantages. It introduces the effects of changes in the configuration of human capital over time, into studies on subsidiary staffing. In addition, from a different viewpoint than previous studies, this study proposes one possible path where human capital leads to organizational performance. Specifically, it shows that a change in the configuration of human capital affects subsidiary-specific advantages, which eventually impacts subsidiary performance.
Optimized spaghetti pasta from amaranth, partially deoiled sesame and modified sorghum starch composite: bioactive, nutritional and physico-functional characterization
Authors: Fasuan Temitope Omolayo , Anyiam Cynthia Chioma , Ojokoh Linda Obianuju , Chima Judith Uchenna , Olagunju Titilope Modupe , Okpara Kingsley Osita , Asadu Kenneth Chigozie 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Pasta is popularly consumed in developed and developing countries. Many low-income homes that could not afford protein-rich foods consumed pasta without further supplements as a meal. However, pasta is deficient in protein and some other health-promoting substances. Deoiled sesame and amaranth flours are rich in protein, minerals, amino acids, antioxidants and many non-nutrient-based health benefits. Formulating a nutrient-dense pasta product (spaghetti) would reduce protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and improve the health status of pasta consumers. This study aims to investigate some bioactive, nutrients and non-nutrient components of developed and optimized spaghetti pasta from deoiled sesame, amaranth and modified sorghum starch blend.

Design/methodology/approach
Amaranth, sorghum and sesame grains were sorted, wet-cleaned and dried. Sesame grain was roasted while starch was extracted from sorghum grain. The innate starch was modified by heat-moisture treatment. The prepared grains and starch were milled into flours and formulated into different flour mixtures using the Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology and the process was modeled and optimized. The flour mixtures were made into spaghetti pasta. Proximate, mineral, amino acids, biological value, protein efficiency ration, phytochemical, antioxidant activity, physico-functional and sensory properties of the formulated spaghetti were evaluated using standard procedures.

Findings
An optimal mixture of deoiled sesame (31.12g/100g), amaranth (56.56g/100g) and modified sorghum starch (12.32g/100g) were established, which yielded protein (25.79g/100g), appearance (96.65%), taste (94.57%) and acceptability index (97.37%). The spaghetti was significantly (p-values ranged from 0.001 to 0.018) superior in protein, ash, fat, fiber, calcium, magnesium, zinc, alkaloids, total phenolic, flavonoids, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) relative to the control (100% wheat flour). Amino acid showed that the product is rich in histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and threonine. The high essential amino acid index of the product indicated that it is a good protein source. The spaghetti was significantly (p-values ranged from 0.001 to 0.021) superior in aroma, taste and acceptability index relative to the control.

Originality/value
This study showed the feasibility of developing spaghetti pasta from deoiled sesame, amaranth grains and modified sorghum starch. The production process described in this study is scalable; and the process could be applied on a small scale for the development of self-entrepreneurs and industrially. The high protein content of the product indicated that it could be used to reduce PEM in developing countries.
Critical stress factors influencing architecture students in Turkey: a structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Gümüşburun Ayalp Gülden , Çivici Tülay 
Published: January 2021

PurposePresently, there are two main classification of architectural courses in the curriculum: lecture courses and design studios. Owing to the duality between design studios and lecture courses, architectural education includes a highly stressful learning environment. In addition to this dualism, architecture students also cope with their lives in universities and different types of stressors similar to all university students. Therefore, this study aims to determine the critical stress factors that affect architecture students studying in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThe reasons for a stressful architecture learning environment were examined using a questionnaire distributed among architecture students, and face-to-face surveys were conducted. The obtained data were analysed statistically using SPSS 22 and LISREL 8.7 software. Correlation analysis, exploratory and confirmatory analysis and structural equation modelling of the relationships between the stressors and stress factors and the impacts (perceived stress) were performed, and a structural model was developed.FindingsA total of 11 critical factors affecting architecture students’ stress levels were determined; academic inadequacy, unusual assessments and evaluation techniques of courses and intensive academic schedule were the most critical stressors. Based on these factors, necessary solutions and recommendations were offered, which are expected to decrease architecture students’ stress levels and encourage other similar studies.Originality/valueThere is limited research that provides insights into the factors that cause stress to architecture students; only literature reviews and surveys are currently available. Unlike these, this study presents a structural equation model for critical stress factors via a confirmatory factor analysis.
A novel method of bead modeling and control for wire and arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Tang Shangyong , Wang Guilan , Song Hao , Li Runsheng , Zhang Haiou 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Modeling and control of bead geometry in wire and arc additive manufacturing is significant as it affects the whole manufacturing process. The purpose of this paper is to establish an efficient model to control the bead geometry with fewer experiments in wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM).

Design/methodology/approach
A multi-sensor system is established to monitor the process parameters and measure the bead geometry information. A dynamic parameters experimental method is proposed for rapid modeling without dozens of experiments. A deep learning method is used for bead modeling and control. To adaptively control the bead geometry in real-time, a closed-loop control system was developed based on the bead model and in situ monitoring.

Findings
A series of experiments were conducted to train, test and verify the feasibility of the method and system, and the results showed that the proposed method can build the bead model rapidly with high precision, and the closed-loop system can control the forming geometry adaptively.

Originality/value
The proposed modeling method is novel as the experiment number is reduced. The dynamic parameters experimental method is effective with high precision. The closed-loop control system can control the bead geometry in real-time. The forming accuracy is elevated.
Thermal performance analysis of a Solar parabolic dish concentrator system with modified cavity receiver
Authors: Kumar Varinder , Bopche Santosh 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to present the numerical models and experimental outcomes pertain to the performance of the parabolic dish concentrator system with a modified cavity-type receiver (hemispherical-shaped).

Design/methodology/approach
The numerical models were evolved based on two types of boundary conditions; isothermal receiver surface and non-isothermal receiver surface. For validation of the numerical models with experimental results, three statistical terms were used: mean of absolute deviation, R2 and root mean square error.

Findings
The thermal efficiency of the receiver values obtained using the numerical model with a non-isothermal receiver surface found agreeing well with experimental results. The numerical model with non-isothermal surface boundary condition exhibited more accurate results as compared to that with isothermal surface boundary condition. The receiver heat loss analysis based on the experimental outcomes is also carried out to estimate the contributions of various modes of heat transfer. The losses by radiation, convection and conduction contribute about 27.47%, 70.89% and 1.83%, in the total receiver loss, respectively.

Practical implications
An empirical correlation based on experimental data is also presented to anticipate the effect of studied parameters on the receiver collection efficiency. The anticipations may help to adopt the technology for practical use.

Social implications
The developed models would help to design and anticipating the performance of the dish concentrator system with a modified cavity receiver that may be used for applications e.g. power generation, water heating, air-conditioning, solar cooking, solar drying, energy storage, etc.

Originality/value
The originality of this manuscript comprising presenting a differential-mathematical analysis/modeling of hemispherical shaped modified cavity receiver with non-uniform surface temperature boundary condition. It can estimate the variation of temperature of heat transfer fluid (water) along with the receiver height, by taking into account the receiver cavity losses by means of radiation and convection modes. The model also considers the radiative heat exchange among the internal ring-surface elements of the cavity.
Root exudates increase soil respiration and alter microbial community structure in alpine permafrost and active layer soils
Authors: Adamczyk Magdalene , Rüthi Joel , Frey Beat 
Published: January 2021

SummaryDue to climate warming, alpine ecosystems are changing rapidly. Ongoing upward migrations of plants and thus an increase of easily decomposable substrates will strongly affect the soil microbiome. To understand how belowground communities will respond to such changes, we set up an incubation experiment with permafrost and active soil layers from northern (NW) and southern (SE) slopes of a mountain ridge on Muot da Barba Peider in the Swiss Alps and incubated them with or without artificial root exudates (AREs) at two temperatures, 4°C or 15°C. The addition of AREs resulted in elevated respiration across all soil types. Bacterial and fungal alpha diversity decreased significantly, coinciding with strong shifts in microbial community structure in ARE‐treated soils. These shifts in bacterial community structure were driven by an increased abundance of fast‐growing copiotrophic taxa. Fungal communities were predominantly affected by AREs in SE active layer soils and shifted towards fast‐growing opportunistic yeast. In contrast, in the colder NW facing active layer and permafrost soils fungal communities were more influenced by temperature changes. These findings demonstrate the sensitivity of soil microbial communities in high alpine ecosystems to climate change and how shifts in these communities may lead to functional changes impacting biogeochemical processes.
Youth agripreneurship in the horticultural value‐chain: The case of small‐scale mango farmers in Southern Ghana
Authors: Akrong Rexford , Mbogoh Stephen G. , Irungu Patrick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDevelopment partners are promoting youth entrepreneurship in agriculture (agripreneurship) in sub‐Saharan Africa. While youth engagement in food crop production and marketing has received a lot of attention on both policy and academic fronts, the low level of involvement of youth in the horticultural value‐chain has received little attention. To this end, this study assessed the factors that influence participation of youth in the horticultural value‐chain. Using the multistage sampling technique, data were collected from 224 mango‐producing households in southern Ghana. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the binary logit model. The study found that there exist differences between the youth and older farmers in terms of socioeconomic factors including education, household size, and income, and institutional support services including certification, credit, extension services and group membership. The results of the econometric model revealed that age, education, and access to credit and extension services motivate youth participation in agriculture. Access to credit and ownership of motorized transport encouraged participation of older farmers in high value markets. The study recommends that development partners provide credit facilities and capacity development through agricultural training and extension services to enhance youth participation in high value markets.
Where are children seen in Australian emergency departments? Implications for research efforts
Authors: Lim Jolene CJ , Borland Meredith L , Middleton Paul M , Moore Katie , Shetty Amith , Babl Franz E , Lee Robert S , Acworth Jason , Wilson Catherine , Than Martin , Craig Simon ,   ACEM EDEN and the PREDICT Network
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveWith most paediatric emergency research in Australia conducted at tertiary EDs, it is important to understand how presentations differ between those at tertiary paediatric EDs and all other EDs.MethodsRetrospective epidemiological study assessing paediatric case‐mix and time‐based performance metrics (aged 0–14 years) obtained from a national health service minimum dataset for the 2017–2018 financial year, comparing tertiary paediatric EDs and all other EDs. We defined a ‘major tertiary paediatric hospital’ as one which was accredited for training in both paediatric emergency medicine and paediatric intensive care.ResultsOf the 1 695 854 paediatric ED presentations, 23.8% were seen in nine major metropolitan tertiary paediatric hospitals. Reasons for presentations were more distinctive between cohorts among children aged 10–14 years, where psychiatric illness (5.2% vs 2.5%) and neurological illness (4.5% vs 2.5%) were more commonly seen in major tertiary paediatric EDs. Australian Indigenous children were significantly less likely to present to tertiary paediatric EDs (3.0%), compared with other EDs (9.7%) (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.26–0.27). While median waiting times were longer in major tertiary paediatric EDs (28 min [interquartile range 11–65]) than in other EDs (20 min [interquartile range 8–48], P < 0.001), patients were also less likely to leave without being seen (5.5% in tertiary paediatric EDs vs 6.9% in other EDs; odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.78–0.81).ConclusionsThe present study identified key areas of difference in paediatric presentations between tertiary paediatric EDs and other EDs. It is vital to broaden paediatric ED research beyond tertiary paediatric centres, to ensure relevance and generalisability.
Role of sirtuins in bone biology: Potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis
Authors: Li Qiangqiang , Cheng Jack Chun‐yiu , Jiang Qing , Lee Wayne Yuk‐wai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe decline in bone mass and bone strength and musculoskeletal problems associated with aging constitute a major challenge for affected individuals and the healthcare system globally. Sirtuins 1‐7 (SIRT1‐SIRT7) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide‐dependent deacetylases with remarkable abilities to promote longevity and counteract age‐related diseases. Sirtuin knockout and transgenic models have provided novel insights into the function and signaling of these proteins in bone homeostasis. Studies have revealed that sirtuins play a critical role in normal skeletal development and homeostasis through their direct action on bone cells and that their dysregulation might contribute to different bone diseases. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that mice treated with sirtuin agonists show protection against age‐related, postmenopausal, and immobilization‐induced osteoporosis. These findings suggest that sirtuins could be potential targets for the modulation of the imbalance in bone remodeling and treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive updated review of the current knowledge on sirtuin biology, focusing specifically on their roles in bone homeostasis and osteoporosis, and potential pharmacological interventions targeting sirtuins for the treatment of osteoporosis.
For better or for worse? A pre–post exploration of the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on cannabis users
Authors: Cousijn Janna , Kuhns Lauren , Larsen Helle , Kroon Emese 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsLockdown measures aimed at limiting the number of infections and deaths from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have introduced substantial psychosocial stressors in everyday life. We aimed to investigate the influence of the Dutch lockdown on cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) and investigate relations with change in mental wellbeing and experienced psychosocial stressors during the lockdown.DesignExplorative longitudinal baseline‐, pre‐ and during lockdown survey study.SettingThe Netherlands, on‐line between January 2019 and May 2020.ParticipantsCommunity sample of 120 monthly to daily cannabis users and reference group of 63 non‐using controls.MeasurementsChange in cannabis use and CUD symptom severity from baseline to pre‐ to post‐lockdown. Change in cannabis use motives, mental health, quality of social relationships and job status from pre‐ to post‐lockdown.FindingsIn cannabis users, lockdown related to increased cannabis use [B = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.26–3.66, P = 0.024], but not CUD symptom severity. Cannabis users experienced 30% job loss and increased loneliness [P < 0.001, Bayes factor (BF)10 > 100], while contact with partners (P = 0.005, BF10= 8.21) and families improved (P < 0.001, BF10 = 19.73), with no differences between cannabis users and control. Generally, mental health problems (all Ps > 0.277, all BF10 < 0.139) did not change, but individual differences were significant and severity of cannabis use pre‐lockdown, COVID‐19‐related worries, change in anxiety, expansion motives, social motives and family contact all uniquely related to variance in change in cannabis use or CUD.ConclusionsWhile cannabis use among daily cannabis users in the Netherlands increased at the group level during the period of COVID‐19 lockdown, the effect of the first months of lockdown on cannabis use disorder severity and mental wellbeing varied significantly among individual daily cannabis users.
Fear of childbirth after medical vs surgical abortion. Population‐based register study from Finland
Authors: Kemppainen Venla , Niinimäki Maarit , Bloigu Aini , Saisto Terhi , Rouhe Hanna , Gissler Mika , Heikinheimo Oskari , Mentula Maarit 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the effect of method of induced abortion and other abortion‐associated variables on the incidence of fear of childbirth in subsequent pregnancy.Material and methodsThis population‐based register study cohort includes all nulliparous women with their first pregnancy ending in an induced abortion in 2000‐2015 and subsequent pregnancy with live singleton delivery between 2000 and 2017 (n = 21 479). Data were derived from three national registers maintained by the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. We divided the study population in three cohorts: (a) medical and (b) surgical abortion during first trimester (≤84 days of gestation), and (c) medical abortion during second trimester (85‐168 days of gestation). Primary outcome measures were the incidence of registry‐identified fear of childbirth and cesarean delivery related to it.ResultsThe overall incidence of fear of childbirth was 5.6% (n = 1209). Altogether, 19.2% (n = 4121) of women underwent cesarean delivery. The odds were elevated especially for elective cesarean delivery (odds ratio [OR] 9.30, 95% CI 7.95‐10.88, P < .001) in women with fear of childbirth. In multivariable analysis, the odds for fear of childbirth (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.68‐0.94) and cesarean delivery (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.84‐0.90) were decreased in women with a history of first‐trimester medical abortion compared with those with first‐trimester surgical abortion. Second‐trimester medical abortion had no effect on the odds for fear of childbirth (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 0.71‐1.50). Maternal age of 30‐39 years and interpregnancy interval over 2 years were additional risk factors for both fear of childbirth and cesarean delivery, but surgical evacuation of uterus after the abortion was not.ConclusionsOne first‐ or second‐trimester medical abortion does not increase the odds for fear of childbirth, and cesarean delivery related to it in subsequent pregnancy when compared with first‐trimester surgical abortion. Older maternal age and longer interpregnancy interval emerged as risk factors for fear of childbirth.