bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of General and Specified Resilience to Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Nunes Ana Raquel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExtreme temperatures impact human health and well-being. Yet, very little empirical evidence exists on what determines human resilience, both in general and in relation to specified extreme temperatures. This paper addresses this serious gap in knowledge by developing a quantitative measure of general resilience (i.e., the resilience of individuals to all daily life circumstances). This is complemented with qualitative elicitations of specified resilience (i.e., the resilience of individuals to a particular type of threat, stress, or event), which in this study are extreme heat and extreme cold. This research uses the “sense of coherence” (SOC) approach (i.e., Orientation to Life Questionnaire—SOC-13 scale) to develop a general resilience index (GRI) using a composite index approach and to develop assessments of heat-related resilience (HRR) and cold-related resilience (CRR) using primary data from mixed-method interviews with 52 older people living in Lisbon, Portugal. The findings show that most participants exhibited high levels of general resilience but low levels of specified resilience. In particular, resilience to cold was lower than resilience to heat. Sources of general and specified resilience were found to be dependent on cognitive, behavioral, and motivational factors in older people’s lives. The findings reveal that believing threats (e.g., extreme temperatures) are structured and ordered, perceiving that assets are available to respond to them, and feeling it is worth responding are sources of resilience. Concrete policy recommendations can be generated from this study by both central and local governments to strengthen resilience. These can take the form of programs, plans, and actions that support individuals and enable them to better deal with challenging life events such as extreme temperatures and to improve both general and specified resilience.
Agricultural Perspectives on Hailstorm Severity, Vulnerability, and Risk Messaging in Eastern Colorado
Authors: Childs Samuel J. , Schumacher Russ S. , Demuth Julie L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEastern Colorado is one of the most active hail regions in the United States, and individual hailstorms routinely surpass millions of dollars in crop loss and physical damage. Fifteen semistructured interviews with eastern Colorado farmers and ranchers were conducted in the summer of 2019 to gauge perceptions of the severity and vulnerability associated with hailstorms, as well as to understand how forecasts and warnings for severe hail are received and acted upon by the agricultural community. Results reveal a correspondence between perceived and observed frequency of hailstorms in eastern Colorado and highlight financial losses from crop destruction as the greatest threat from hailstorms. In contrast to the National Weather Service defining severe hail as at least 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter, the agricultural community conceptualizes hail severity according to impacts and damage. Small hail in large volumes or driven by a strong wind are the most worrisome scenarios for farmers, because small hail can most easily strip crop heads and stalks. Larger hailstones are perceived to pose less of a threat to crops but can produce significant damage to physical equipment and injure livestock. Eastern Colorado farmers and ranchers are avid weather watchers and associate environmental cues with hailstorms in addition to receiving warning messages, primarily via alerts on mobile telephones. Hailstorms elicit feelings of dejection and anxiety in some respondents, whereas others accept hailstorms as part of the job. Increasing awareness of the agricultural perceptions of hailstorms can help the meteorological community direct hail prediction research efforts and improve risk communication to the agricultural sector.
Introducing Juice and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in Early Infancy: Parental Knowledge and Intended Behaviors
Authors: Musial Sandra , Abioye Ajibola , Murillo Anarina L. , Eskander Jessica , Sykes Olivia , Rodriguez Lixis , Friedman Jennifer F. , Bancroft Barbara , Golova Natalia 
Published: September 2020

Objective Assess caregivers’ knowledge about juice and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and identify factors that contribute to their early introduction. Methods One hundred forty-four parents of young infants completed a 45-item questionnaire focused on infant nutrition. Results Seventy-two percent of parents plan to give juice to their babies starting in the first year of life; only 16% plan to introduce SSBs. Parents with some college education or more were significantly less likely to report an intention to introduce juice ( P < .0001) and SSBs ( P < .001) in their children’s diets. Education level was significantly associated with knowledge about juice and SSBs ( P < .001). Parents with higher knowledge were significantly less likely to plan on introducing juice ( P < .001) and SSBs ( P < .001). Conclusion Parents of young infants lack enough knowledge about the detrimental effects of juice and sugary drinks. These knowledge gaps give pediatric providers a unique opportunity to provide anticipatory guidance starting in early infancy on the adverse health effects of juice and SSBs.
Comparison of phenylalanine tolerance in singleton and twin pregnancies in patients with phenylketonuria
Authors: Hozyasz Kamil Konrad , Żółkowska Joanna , Chyż Katarzyna 
Published: September 2020

Objectives Empirical determination of phenylalanine (Phe) tolerance in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) relies on frequent assessment of blood Phe concentrations in relation to Phe intake from detailed meal records. This study aimed to determine Phe tolerance in twin pregnancies. Methods The reviewed cases included three women with PKU who each had a singleton and twin pregnancy (i.e., they were pregnant twice). All patients were under regular supervision to maintain Phe concentrations in a steady state and determine safe Phe intake. Restriction of Phe in the patient’s diet was determined depending on the amount of Phe intake, which allowed for stable blood Phe concentrations within the target range. Results In all three patients with PKU, the ratio of Phe tolerance during the course of the twin and singleton pregnancies was <1 for most of the pregnancy. The ratio of the increase in Phe tolerance between 29 and 34 weeks of gestation and that between 15 and 28 weeks of gestation was 0.66 and 1.17, 0.51 and 0.14, and 0.76 and 1.42 in the twin and singleton pairs of pregnancies, respectively. Conclusions Our study shows that Phe tolerance in a twin pregnancy is not greater than that in a singleton pregnancy.
SLC6A4 gene L/S polymorphism and susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yang Meiming , Xiao Ting , Hua Yan , Chen Yu , Xu Shasha , Ni Chunping 
Published: September 2020

Objective To investigate the association between the solute carrier family 6 member 4 ( SLC6A4) gene L/S polymorphism and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods The relevant literature was retrieved from the PubMed® database and the data were extracted. STATA® version 12.0 software was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Eight case–control studies qualified for inclusion in the meta-analysis. These studies included 1215 cases and 936 control subjects. There was no significant association between the SLC6A4 gene L/S polymorphism and PAH risk in the total population (LL versus SS: OR 1.83, 95% CI 0.95, 3.51; LS versus SS: OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.93, 2.02; dominant model: OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.97, 1.97; recessive model: OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.84, 2.83). Subgroup analysis based on study quality scores and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium also showed no significant association. Conclusion The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that the SLC6A4 gene L/S polymorphism is unlikely to be related to PAH risk. Well-designed studies with more participants will be required to validate these results.
Clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma as adjuvant therapy in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of meniscal injury
Authors: Wang Yaodong , Yao Chi , Yang Zhuo , Guo Wenlai 
Published: September 2020

Objective The clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as adjuvant therapy in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of meniscal injury remains controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PRP in the treatment of meniscal injury and provide evidence for the selection of clinical treatment options. Methods A computer-based search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to retrieve articles using the search terms “platelet-rich plasma” and “menisci.” Quality evaluation and data extraction were performed. The combined effect was assessed using RevMan version 5.3 software. Results Three randomized controlled trials and three cohort studies involving 293 patients were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant differences in the International Knee Documentation Committee score or Lysholm score between the experimental and control groups. The failure rate and visual analog scale score were significantly lower and the degree of active flexion was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion The findings of this meta-analysis suggest that PRP injection can effectively enhance the efficacy of arthroscopic repair of meniscal injury, reduce the failure rate and severity of pain, and improve active flexion.
Prediction model for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal cancer resection
Authors: Shiwakoti Enesh , Song Jianning , Li Jun , Wu Shanshan , Zhang Zhongtao 
Published: September 2020

Objective This study was performed to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage (AL) and combine these factors to create a prediction model for the risk of AL after laparoscopic rectal cancer resection. Methods This retrospective study involved 185 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection from March 2012 to February 2017. Five risk factors were analyzed by multivariate analysis. A prediction model was established by combining the risk factors from the multivariate analysis, and the accuracy of the model was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The overall AL rate was 17.84%. The multivariate analysis identified the following independent risk factors for AL: high body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 3.009; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.127–7.125), preoperative radiochemotherapy (OR, 3.778; 95% CI, 1.168–12.219), larger tumor size (OR, 2.710; 95% CI, 1.119–6.562), and longer surgical time (OR, 2.476; 95% CI, 1.033–5.932). We established a prediction model that can evaluate the risk of AL by determining the predictive probability. The area under the curve for the model’s predictive performance was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.598–0.795). Conclusion A prediction model was created to predict the risk of AL after laparoscopic rectal cancer resection.
Gastric schwannoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Pu Changsheng , Zhang Keming 
Published: September 2020

Background Gastric schwannoma is a rarely seen gastric tumor accounting for only 0.2% of all gastric tumors. It is difficult to distinguish a gastric schwannoma from other gastric tumors preoperatively. Case presentation: A 30-year-old man with no significant medical history or physical examination findings presented with a 1-month history of right upper abdominal discomfort. The preoperative diagnosis was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor, but the postoperative pathologic and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed a gastric schwannoma. The patient underwent laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach without additional postoperative treatment, and his postoperative recovery was uneventful. No recurrence or metastasis was found at the 2-year follow-up examination. Conclusion Although gastric schwannomas are usually not malignant, they are difficult to distinguish from other malignant stromal tumors preoperatively. Surgical resection should be recommended when a schwannoma is malignant or considered to be at risk of becoming malignant.
Clinical outcomes for moderate and severe stroke survivors receiving early supported discharge: A quasi-experimental cohort study
Authors: Leach Kathleen , Neale Sharon , Steinfort Sarah , Hitch Danielle 
Published: September 2020

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare outcomes for functional independence, activities of daily living participation and balance achieved by moderate and severe stroke survivors receiving an early supported discharge model of care with those receiving standard treatment. Method A quasi-experimental cohort method was utilised, with a control group of convenience. Forty-one patients ( n = 28 early supported discharge group, n = 13 control group) who were medically stable post stroke, safe for discharge home, able to be treated in the home environment and requiring intensive rehabilitation from at least two disciplines participated. Results There was no significant difference in outcomes between early supported discharge and control groups for functional independence, activities of daily living participation or balance from baseline to 4 weeks, or 4 weeks to 8 weeks. However, patients receiving early supported discharge made further improvements across the study period, while those receiving standard care made limited improvement between 4 weeks and 8 weeks. All minimal clinically important differences on outcome measures were identified between baseline and 4 weeks. Conclusions Moderate and severe stroke survivors can achieve comparable outcomes when receiving early supported discharge or standard treatment. Early supported discharge models of care may also enhance ongoing improvement during the early phases of stroke recovery.
The effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide in cluster headache
Authors: Vollesen Anne Luise H , Snoer Agneta , Chaudhry Basit , Petersen Anja Sofie , Hagedorn Andreas , Hoffmann Jan , Jensen Rigmor H , Ashina Messoud 
Published: September 2020

Background Previously reported increases in serum levels of vasodilating neuropeptides pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-38 (PACAP38) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) during attacks of cluster headache could indicate their involvement in cluster headache attack initiation. We investigated the attack-inducing effects of PACAP38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide in cluster headache, hypothesising that PACAP38, but not vasoactive intestinal peptide, would induce cluster-like attacks in episodic active phase and chronic cluster headache patients. Methods In a double-blind crossover study, 14 episodic cluster headache patients in active phase, 15 episodic cluster headache patients in remission phase and 15 chronic cluster headache patients were randomly allocated to receive intravenous infusion of PACAP38 (10 pmol/kg/min) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (8 pmol/kg/min) over 20 min on two study days separated by at least 7 days. We recorded headache intensity, incidence of cluster-like attacks, cranial autonomic symptoms and vital signs using a questionnaire (0–90 min). Results In episodic cluster headache active phase, PACAP38 induced cluster-like attacks in 6/14 patients and vasoactive intestinal peptide induced cluster-like attacks in 5/14 patients ( p = 1.000). In chronic cluster headache, PACAP38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide both induced cluster-like attacks in 7/15 patients ( p = 0.765). In episodic cluster headache remission phase, neither PACAP38 nor vasoactive intestinal peptide induced cluster-like attacks. Conclusions Contrary to our hypothesis, attack induction was lower than expected and roughly equal by PACAP38 and vasoactive intestinal peptide in episodic active phase and chronic cluster headache patients, which contradicts the PAC1-receptor as being solely responsible for attack induction. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT03814226).
Characteristics of Soccer Players Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Sex- and Competitive Level–Specific Analysis
Authors: Marom Niv , Dooley Matthew S. , Burger Joost A. , Chang Brenda , Coleman Struan H. , Ranawat Anil S. , Kelly Bryan T. , Nawabi Danyal H. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Radiographic features of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) are prevalent in kicking athletes, especially soccer players. However, there remains a paucity of data on the characteristics of symptomatic soccer players with an established diagnosis of FAI. Purpose: To report on patient demographics, injury, and clinical and radiographic characteristics in a large cohort of soccer players who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAI and to perform a sex- and competition level–specific analysis of these data. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: An institutional hip preservation registry containing 3318 consecutive primary hip arthroscopies for FAI performed between March 2010 and January 2016 was retrospectively reviewed for patients identified as soccer players. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, and clinical and radiographic findings were recorded, and sex- and competition level–specific differences were analyzed. Results: A total of 421 hips (336 soccer players) were identified, including 257 (61.0%) men and 164 (39.0%) women. Of these, 105 (24.9%) were reported as highly competitive, 194 (46.1%) as competitive, 75 (17.8%) as recreational, and 47 (11.2%) did not report a level. The majority of the 336 soccer players (231 hips; 55%) reported chronic hip pain lasting >6 months with no acute injury at the initial visit. Alpha angle, coronal center-edge angle, and femoral version on computed tomography scan measured 64.5°± 12°, 32.3°± 9°, and 13.7°± 10° (mean ± SD), respectively. There were 230 (55%) hips with a type 2 anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), 78 (18.5%) with a type 1 AIIS, and 19 (4.5%) with a type 3 AIIS. When compared with male athletes, female athletes had more hip internal rotation on physical examination (14.9° vs 8°; P < .001), lower alpha angles (57.5° vs 68.5°; P < .001), and lower-grade AIIS morphology ( P = .003). Acute injury as the reason for hip symptoms was most likely in the highly competitive group ( P < .001). Conclusion: Female soccer players were more likely to have less severe clinical and radiographic findings than were male soccer players. Acute injury as the cause of hip symptoms was more common in highly competitive players. Clinical Relevance: Focusing on soccer players with an established FAI diagnosis, the findings of this study suggest that there are sex- and competition level–based differences in the presentation, physical examination, and imaging characteristics among the players. These findings can better guide clinicians in the diagnostic evaluation of symptomatic soccer players with FAI and in tailoring treatment recommendations to specific cohorts.
A Review of Leadership and Capacity Gaps in Nutrition-Sensitive Agricultural Policies and Strategies for Selected Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia
Authors: Aryeetey Richmond , Covic Namukolo 
Published: September 2020

Background: Agriculture policies and strategies designed, purposefully, to address malnutrition are considered nutrition-sensitive and are a critical component of global efforts to address malnutrition in all its forms. However, limited evidence exists on extent and how nutrition is being integrated into agriculture sector policies, strategies, and programs. A review was conducted to address 2 questions: How nutrition-sensitive are agriculture policies, plans, and investments in selected Sub-Saharan African (SSA) and Asian countries? and Which capacity and leadership gaps limit scale up of nutrition-sensitive agriculture policy and programs? Methods: The review of existing policies was conducted for 11 selected focus countries (9 in SSA and 2 from Asia) of the CGIAR (Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) Collaborative Research Programme on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health led by the IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)’s 10-point key recommendations for designing nutrition-sensitive agricultural interventions was used as an analytical framework. Additionally, a rapid systematic review of published peer-reviewed and grey literature was carried out to identify capacity gaps based on the United Nations Development Program’s capacity assessment framework. Results: We found that there is nutrition sensitivity of the policies and strategies but to varying degrees. There is limited capacity for optimum implementation of these policies, programs, and strategies. For most of the countries, there is capacity to articulate what needs to happen, but there are important capacity limitations to translate the given policy/program instruments into effective action. Conclusions: The gaps identified constitute important evidence to inform capacity strengthening of nutrition-sensitive actions for desired nutrition and health outcomes in Africa and Asia.
The impact of arteriovenous fistulas and tunneled cuffed venous catheters on morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients: A single center experience
Authors: Celik Serhat , Gok Oguz Ebru , Ulusal Okyay Gulay , Selen Tamer , Ayli Mehmet Deniz 
Published: September 2020

Background/aim: Hemodialysis is the most used renal replacement therapy option for patients with end-stage renal disease. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and tunnel-cuffed venous catheters (tCVC) are commonly used vascular access routes and have advantages and disadvantages compared to each other. This study focuses on the effects of AVFs and tCVCs on morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The records (between January 2015 and January 2017) of 110 patients (55 patients with AVF and 55 patients with tCVC) under hemodialysis therapy for at least 6 months were evaluated retrospectively. The data about blood tests, hospitalizations, and mortality were compared between patients with AVF and tCVC. Findings: Fifty-five patients (25 male, 58 ± 14 years old) were undergoing hemodialysis via AVF. Fifty-five patients (17 male, 63 ± 14 years old) were undergoing hemodialysis via tunneled CVCs. Thirty (54.5%) of the hospitalization patients had AVF and 46 (83.6%) had CVCs ( p < 0.01). The only independent predictor of hospitalization was the use of tCVC as vascular access, according to multivariate regression analysis ( p = 0.01). Seven (30%) of the dead patients had AVF and 16 (69.6%) had CVCs ( p = 0.035). Use of tCVC appeared to be a mortality predictor in univariate regression analysis ( p = 0.039). But the significance did not continue in multivariate model ( p = 0.578) in which the duration of hemodialysis appeared as the only significant factor ( p = 0.002). Conclusion: Patients undergoing hemodialysis via AVF had fewer all-cause hospitalizations and mortality rate than those using tunneled CVCs.