bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Coupling between Out‐of‐Plane Graphene and Electrogenic Cells
Authors: Matino Laura , Rastogi Sahil K. , Garma Leonardo D. , Cohen‐Karni Tzahi , Santoro Francesca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe cell‐chip coupling is in general regulated by the interplay between cells and the material surface at the interface. Electroactive planar materials have shown limited crosstalk with cells, whereas pseudo 3D patterned materials promote a more intimate contact with the biological system. Here, unprecedented physical properties of a carbon‐based material, i.e., graphene, to engineer out‐of‐plane morphologies are exploited: 1) 3D single‐ to few‐layer fuzzy graphene morphology (3DFG), 2) 3DFG on a collapsed Si nanowire mesh template, and 3) 3DFG on a noncollapsed Si nanowire mesh template. These materials are synthesized and interfaced with cardiomyocyte‐like cells focusing on the characterization of the cytoskeletal arrangement as well as membrane wrapping processes yet regulated by endocytic proteins. Finally, some major conditions to promote tight coupling to the device and eventually spontaneous intracellular penetration are found.
In‐Memory Hamming Weight Calculation in a 1T1R Memristive Array
Authors: Cheng Long , Li Jiancong , Zheng Hao‐Xuan , Yuan Peng , Yin Jiahao , Yang Ling , Luo Qing , Li Yi , Lv Hangbing , Chang Ting‐Chang , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn‐memory computing enabled by advanced nonvolatile memory technologies, such as memristors and memristive devices, emerges as a promising approach to accelerate certain data‐intensive algorithms, and thus outperforms the von Neumann computing in terms of processing latency and energy efficiency. In this work, an efficient method to calculate the Hamming weight (HW) of a binary string in a one‐transistor‐one‐resistor (1T1R) memristive array is proposed, which can be beneficial for various computation tasks. Specifically, the target string is converted to a voltage vector and multiplies with an “all‐1” string pre‐stored in the resistance of the row, which equals to a binary matrix multiplication or AND logic operation. The in situ stored HW calculation result is then read out through a current accumulation operation. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, 4 bit and 8 bit HW calculation is successfully implemented in experiment and simulation, respectively. In addition, the influence of the resistance variation on the calculation correctness is discussed. This work broadens the application range of using emerging nonvolatile memories for classical information processing in hardware level with high efficiency.
Understanding socio‐cultural influences on food intake in relation to overweight and obesity in a rural indigenous community of Fiji Islands
Authors: Singh Kamal Nand , Sendall Marguerite C. , Gurung Apil , Carne Phil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssue addressedObesity and non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) are largely preventable by understanding the connection between socio‐cultural knowledge, yet intervention effectiveness may hinder changes in lifestyles and behaviours in Indigenous health. This study performed to understand the social and cultural components, which contribute to obesity in rural areas of the Indigenous Fijian.MethodsThis study is a Community‐Based Participatory Research (CBPR) project, which engaged community members from a rural iTaukei village in the Fiji Islands. Data collection was carried out through community consultation and semi‐structured interviews. The data were analysed using descriptive thematic analysis.ResultsFood intake was associated with socio‐cultural, economic, political and physical environmental factors. Participants reveal previous health promotion programs did not incorporate the cultural values, cultural competence beliefs and traditional ways of rural Indigenous Fijian community.ConclusionThe health care providers and policymakers need to be involved in recognising iTaukei community culture and appreciate traditional methods to promote equitable community participation in decision‐making for health promotion.So what?Community‐wide lifestyle interventions, conceptual approaches based on communal perceptions of the problem at hand can also be the basis for future research on identifying socio‐cultural factors, for example, the community and family support that can help shape behaviours.
The ability of oral health professionals to significantly influence improving overall health
Authors: Mays Keith A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn 2000, David Satcher wrote, Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General, and stated that “oral health means much more than healthy teeth,” and he challenged all health providers to step up and be a part of the improvement of the nation's oral health status. Over the past few decades, the heightened awareness of these oral health inequities within the United States has resulted in public policy stakeholders and scholars, similarly calling for the improvement of the nation's oral health status. Satcher also suggested that saliva may provide clues to a patient's overall health and a possible predictor of systemic disease. There have been several articles that have demonstrated an increased risk of systemic diseases with circulating inflammatory mediators, a reduction in treatment cost for pregnant women who received treatment for their clinically diagnosed periodontal disease. Health profession education has responded to the call for transforming the health system by developing graduates who are capable for working in an environment designed to improve the overall health of patients. Therefore, this article examines why oral health professionals have a significant opportunity to contribute to the improvement overall health of patients and participate in healthcare transformation.
Batch to batch optimal control based on multiinput multioutput adaptive hinging hyperplanes prediction and Kalman filter correction
Authors: Luo Xiong‐Lin , Xu Jun , Zhang Meng , Liu Jinfeng 
Published: August 2020

SummaryA batch to batch optimal control strategy based on multiinput multioutput adaptive hinging hyperplanes (MIMO AHH) prediction and Kalman filter correction is proposed for the products quality control of the batch process. The model of AHH is one kind of piecewise linear models and is extended to the MIMO case in this article. The MIMO AHH is then used to develop the predictive model of the batch process. Due to the model‐plant mismatch and unknown disturbances, the optimal control policy calculated based on the MIMO AHH predictive model may not be optimal when applied to the true process. The Kalman filter is then utilized to correct the predictions of the current batch by considering the information of former batches. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified through the simulation of a styrene batch polymerization reactor.
Adaptive compensation control for special actuator circumstances with input quantization
Authors: Yan Shuai , Sun Weichao , He Fenghua 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this article, considering actuator constraints and possible failures, an adaptive compensation control scheme is developed to realize tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with quantized inputs. A new variable is generated to evaluate the effect of actuator saturation and is used in the process of controller design to compensate for the influence of actuator saturation constraint. Moreover, the controller is able to show certain accommodation capability to tolerate possible actuator failures and input quantization error via integrating parameter update process of unknown fault constants into adaption of parametric uncertainties under the backstepping procedure. Specifically, actuator saturation effect and possible actuator failures as well as input quantization error can be dealt with uniformly under the framework of the proposed scheme and the control system has certain robustness to external disturbances. It is proved that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are ensured to be bounded and the tracking error is enabled to converge toward a compact set, which is adjustable by tuning design parameters. Finally, experiments are carried out on an active suspension plant to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Aufkommen und Zusammensetzung von Makrokunststoffen an der Donau
Authors: Mayerhofer Johannes , Lenz Sabine , Obersteiner Gudrun 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungWeltweit ist die Nachfrage nach Kunststoffen ungebrochen. Der Werkstoff ist in beinahe allen Lebensbereichen anzutreffen. Mit den zunehmenden Produktionszahlen geht auch ein verstärkter Eintrag von Kunststoffen in die Umwelt einher. Besonders in Bezug auf die Verschmutzung der Weltmeere ist Plastikmüll heutzutage in aller Munde. Flüsse gelten dabei als die Haupteintragspfade der marinen Verschmutzung (z. B. Great Pacific Garbage Patch). Dennoch sind Quellen und Herkunft der Plastikabfälle sowie Transportwege und Umweltauswirkungen in fluvialen Systemen großteils unbekannt. Das liegt nicht zuletzt daran, dass vereinheitlichte Monitoringmethoden bisher fehlen. Das Projekt „PlasticFreeDanube“ setzt genau hier an. Ziel ist der Aufbau einer fundierten Wissensbasis zu Aufkommen und Zusammensetzung von Kunststoffabfällen in und entlang der Donau. Daneben steht die Analyse von Transportverhalten und Umwelteinflüssen im Fokus. Der folgende Artikel befasst sich mit der Methodenentwicklung zur standardisierten Probenahme und Sortierung von Kunststoffabfällen in Flusssystemen sowie den Ergebnissen bisheriger Sortieranalysen im Projektgebiet des Nationalparks Donau-Auen.
Classification of trapezoidal bipolar neutrosophic number, de-bipolarization technique and its execution in cloud service-based MCGDM problem
Authors: Chakraborty Avishek , Mondal Sankar Prasad , Alam Shariful , Dey Arindam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeutrosophic set can deal with the uncertainties related to the information of any decision making problem in real life scenarios, where fuzzy set may fail to handle those uncertainties properly. In this study, we present the perception of trapezoidal bipolar neutrosophic numbers and its classification in different frame. We introduce the idea of disjunctive structures of trapezoidal bipolar neutrosophic numbers namely type-1 trapezoidal bipolar neutrosophic number, type-2 trapezoidal bipolar neutrosophic numbers, and type-3 trapezoidal bipolar neutrosophic number based on the perception of dependency among membership functions in neutrosophic set. In any neutrosophic decision-making problem, the decision maker uses the comparison of neutrosophic numbers to choose among alternatives solutions. Here, we introduce a ranking method, i.e., De-bipolarization scheme for trapezoidal bipolar neutrosophic number (TrBNN) using removal area technique. We also describe the utility of trapezoidal bipolar neutrosophic number and its appliance in a multi criteria group decision making problem (MCGDM) for distinct users in trapezoidal bipolar arena which is more ethical, precise and reliable in neutrosophic field.
Monotheism and Hope in God
Authors: Wainwright William J. 
Published: August 2020

This Element examines aspects of monotheism and hope. Distinguishing monotheism from various forms of nontheistic religions, it explores how God transcends the terms used to describe the religious ultimate. The discussion then turns to the nature of hope and examines how the concept has been used by Augustine, Aquinas, Kierkegaard, and Moltmann, among others. The Christian tradition to which these monotheists belong associates hope and faith with love. In the final section, Wainwright shows the varieties of this kind of love in Islam, Christianity, and theistic Hinduism, and defends the sort of love valorized by them against some charges against it. He examines why the loves prized in these traditions are imperfect because their adherents invariably believe that the love that they cherish is superior to that cherished by others.
“Completely Forgotten and Totally Ignored”: Czechoslovak Veterans of the Austro-Hungarian Army and the Transitions of 1918-1919
Authors: Hutečka Jiří 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article uses Czechoslovakia as an example of the process of transition following the end of the First World War and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. It analyzes the military context of the transition itself, showing how difficult, violent, and prolonged a process it was, in contrast to the traditional assumption of a quickly emergent successor state built on the ethnic-based enthusiasm of its Czech-speaking population. In the second part, it goes on to analyze the memory of the transition and the position it came to hold in the overall narrative of this period of the interwar years, with specific attention given to the way Czech-speaking veterans of Austro-Hungarian service tried to retell the story of the transition, and why their proposed narratives ill-fitted the official discourse of the war as the “national struggle for independence” of Czechoslovakia.
Modelling feeding strategies to improve milk production, rumen function and discomfort of the early lactation dairy cow supplemented with fodder beet
Authors: Fleming A. E. , Dalley D. , Bryant R. H. , Edwards G. R. , Gregorini P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFeeding fodder beet (FB) to dairy cows in early lactation has recently been adopted by New Zealand dairy producers despite limited definition of feeding and grazing management practices that may prevent acute and sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA). This modelling study aimed to characterize changes of rumen pH, milk production and total discomfort from FB and define practical feeding strategies of a mixed herbage and FB diet. The deterministic, dynamic and mechanistic model MINDY was used to compare a factorial arrangement of FB allowance (FBA), herbage allowance (HA) and time of allocation. The FBA were 0, 2, 4 or 7 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/day (0FB, 2FB, 4FB and 7FB, respectively) and HA were 18, 24 or 48 kg DM/cow/day above ground. All combinations were offered either in the morning or afternoon or split across two equal meals. Milk production from 2FB diets was similar to 0FB but declined by 4 and 16% when FB increased to 4 and 7 kg DM, respectively. MINDY predicted that 7FB would result in SARA and that rumen conditions were sub-optimal even at moderate FBA (pH < 5.6 for 160 and 90 min/day, 7FB and 4FB respectively). Pareto front analysis identified the best compromise between high milk production and low total discomfort was achieved by splitting the 2FB diet into two equal meals fed each day with 48 kg DM herbage. However, due to low milk response and high risk of acidosis, it is concluded that FB is a poor supplement for lactating dairy cows.
The response of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare) and forage maize (Zea mays) crops to polyhalite, a multi-nutrient fertilizer
Authors: Lillywhite R.D. , Wiltshire J. J. J. , Webb J. , Menadue H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPolyhalite is a multi-nutrient mineral ore containing potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S). Historically, it has enjoyed minor use as a fertilizer, but the opening of a new mine in the UK will make larger quantities available. Therefore, an examination of the performance of crops fertilized with polyhalite, or selected commercial alternatives, was pertinent and is reported here.Four field trials were carried out between 2013 and 2016 to investigate the response of winter barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) and forage maize (Zea maysL.) to different application rates of polyhalite, potassium chloride (muriate of potash, MOP) and potassium sulphate (sulphate of potash, SOP) fertilizers. Potassium and S nutrition were the focus of these trials as they limit field production more often than Mg and Ca.Polyhalite was found to be an effective source of both K and S for crop production. In three out of four trials, application of polyhalite resulted in similar or greater K offtake compared with both MOP and SOP; MOP application resulted in greater K offtake in one trial. In three out of four trials, application of polyhalite resulted in similar or better S offtake compared with both MOP and SOP; SOP application resulted in greater S offtake in one trial. Polyhalite and MOP treatments produced similar total dry weight in all four trials, but were slightly inferior to SOP treatment.
Improving access to justice for older victims of crime by reimagining conceptions of vulnerability
Authors: Brown Kevin J. , Gordon Faith 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the implications of recent research findings that establish that older victims of crime are less likely to obtain procedural justice than other age groups. It explores original empirical data from the United Kingdom that finds evidence of a systemic failure amongst agencies to identify vulnerability in the older population and to put in place appropriate support mechanisms to allow older victims to participate fully in the justice system. The article discusses how the legally defined gateways to additional support, which are currently relied upon by many common law jurisdictions, disadvantage older victims and require reimagining. It argues that international protocols, especially the current European Union Directive on victims’ rights, are valuable guides in this process of re-conceptualisation. To reduce further the inequitable treatment of older victims, the article advocates for jurisdictions to introduce a presumption in favour of special assistance for older people participating in the justice system.
New chromosome number and cyto-molecular characterization of the African Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) - “The Tree of Life”
Authors: Islam-Faridi Nurul , Sakhanokho Hamidou F. , Dana Nelson C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), also referred to as the “Tree of Life”, is a majestic, long-lived and multipurpose tree of sub-Saharan Africa. Internationally, a growing demand for baobab products in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries has been observed. Considering this, there is a need for scientific information on the genetics and breeding of A. digitata, including cytogenetics, genetic diversity and reproductive biology. The objectives of our cytogenetic research were to determine the genome size, chromosome number, and organization of ribosomal DNA (45S and 5SrDNA) of A. digitata. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a 2C-DNA value of 3.8 ± 0.6 pg (1Cx monoploid genome size 919.1 ± 62.9 Mbp). Using our improved chromosome preparation technique, we were able to unequivocally count the chromosomes resulting in 2n = 4x = 168, a revised chromosome number for A. digitata. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed two massively large variants of 45S rDNA and their corresponding nucleolus organizer regions (NOR). The NOR variants were about two to four times larger than the main body of their respective chromosomes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this phenomenon in a plant species. Furthermore, we found that FISH analysis using the Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat sequence probe clarified and confirmed the new chromosome number and characterized the 45S rDNA structural organization.
Molecular prospecting for cryptic species of the Hypholoma fasciculare complex: toward the effective and practical delimitation of cryptic macrofungal species
Authors: Sato Hirotoshi , Ohta Ryoma , Murakami Noriaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany macrofungal cryptic species remain unidentified. A possible solution is to increase the number of loci analyzed and use rigorous statistics for macrofungal species delimitation. To validate this assumption, cryptic species of the Hypholoma fasciculare complex, a group of common wood-decomposing fungi, were attempted to be delineated. Massively parallel sequencing of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (mt_rRNA), nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and 24 single-copy genes were performed for 96 specimens collected in Japan. Then, the species boundaries were inferred using comparative gene genealogies (mt_rRNA vs. ITS), Bayesian Poisson tree process (bPTP) model for the phylogeny of concatenated nuclear sequences, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) for single nucleotide polymorphisms. In both the mt_rRNA and ITS phylogenies, the H. fasciculare complex was not divided into well-supported clades. Nevertheless, based on the bPTP, two mitochondrial haplotypes were inferred to represent distinct species (H. fasciculare and H. subviride). The results of AMOVA also indicated that the differentiation of nuclear loci can be explained mostly by differences between haplotype. These results suggest that it is necessary to increase the number of target loci to 20 or more and use both phylogeny-based and population genetics-based statistics for the accurate delimitation of macrofungal species.
A quantitative explanation of the type-B QPOs in GX 339–4
Authors: Kylafis Nikolaos D. , Reig Pablo , Papadakis Iossif 
Published: August 2020

Context. Type-B quasi periodic oscillations (QPOs) in black-hole X-ray binaries are a class of low-frequency QPOs that are observed in the soft intermediate state in the rising and the declining phases of an outburst. They are suspected to result from the precession of the jet that is ejected from the source.
Aims. The objective of the present work is to investigate in detail the emissivity of the jet in hard X-rays and to see whether the type-B QPOs from GX 339−4, which is the best studied black-hole transient, can be explained quantitatively with a precessing jet.
Methods. We used our simple jet model, which invokes Comptonization in the jet, and examined the angular dependence of the upscattered photons that emerge from the jet and their energy distribution, which is a power law.
Results. Due to the elongation of the jet, assisted by the bulk motion of the electrons, the angular distribution of the emerging hard X-ray photons from the jet is not isotropic. More importantly, the photon-number spectral index, Γ, is an increasing function of the polar angle, θ, with respect to the axis of the jet. If the jet is fixed, then an observer at infinity sees the photon index, Γ, which corresponds to this specific observational direction. However, if the jet is precessing, then the observer sees a periodic variation of Γ with the precession period. Such a periodic variation of Γ has been observed in GX 339−4 and in this work, we reproduce it quantitatively, using our model.
Conclusions. Our jet model nicely explains through quantitative means the type-B QPOs seen in GX 339−4 as originating from a precessing jet. The given model has previously explained several observed correlations thus far.
Incoherence in L2 writing
Authors: Liao Jianling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCurrent knowledge of the functional dimensions (e.g., coherence) of L2 written performance is mainly based on expert readers’ views. Non-expert native readers’ perspectives of L2 written productions are not often examined, which prevents a comprehensive and objective understanding of how an L2 writer’s performance may be perceived and evaluated by the target discourse community. Studies to date also lack clear findings of both the types of incoherence phenomena that may exist in L2 texts and the factors that may contribute to such incoherencies. The current study investigates how expert and non-expert native readers evaluate incoherence in L2 Chinese argumentative essays, as well as how their evaluations may differ quantitatively or qualitatively. The findings reveal that although expert readers marked incoherence in L2 writing significantly more frequently than non-expert readers did, expert and non-expert readers displayed similar patterns and tendencies in their judgments pertaining to the frequency with which incoherence instances appeared in the essays and in the severity of the incoherence.