bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolite-Investigator: an integrated user-friendly workflow for metabolomics multi-study analysis
Authors: Beuchel Carl , Kirsten Holger , Ceglarek Uta , Scholz Markus 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Many diseases have a metabolic background, which is increasingly investigated due to improved measurement techniques allowing high-throughput assessment of metabolic features in several body fluids. Integrating data from multiple cohorts is of high importance to obtain robust and reproducible results. However, considerable variability across studies due to differences in sampling, measurement techniques and study populations needs to be accounted for.

Results
We present Metabolite-Investigator, a scalable analysis workflow for quantitative metabolomics data from multiple studies. Our tool supports all aspects of data pre-processing including data integration, cleaning, transformation, batch analysis as well as multiple analysis methods including uni- and multivariable factor-metabolite associations, network analysis and factor prioritization in one or more cohorts. Moreover, it allows identifying critical interactions between cohorts and factors affecting metabolite levels and inferring a common covariate model, all via a graphical user interface.

Availability and implementation
We constructed Metabolite-Investigator as a free and open web-tool and stand-alone Shiny-app. It is hosted at https://apps.health-atlas.de/metabolite-investigator/, the source code is freely available at https://github.com/cfbeuchel/Metabolite-Investigator.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Effect of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Mitigation Strategies on Seasonal Respiratory Viruses: A Tale of 2 Large Metropolitan Centers in the United States
Authors: Sherman Amy C , Babiker Ahmed , Sieben Andrew J , Pyden Alexander , Steinberg James , Kraft Colleen S , Koelle Katia , Kanjilal Sanjat 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To assess the impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on seasonal respiratory viruses, absolute case counts and viral reproductive rates from 2019–2020 were compared against previous seasons. Our findings suggest that the public health measures implemented to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission significantly reduced the transmission of other respiratory viruses.
Do we need new phosphate binders in dialysis?
Authors: Cozzolino Mario , Galassi Andrea , Ciceri Paola 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a greater risk of mortality than the general population. Fatal cardiovascular events are the most frequent cause of death in CKD patients, especially in the late stages of disease. Derangement of mineral metabolism and hyperphosphataemia are currently accepted as pivotal triggers of these vascular complications. Phosphate binders represent the common strategy to counteract hyperphosphataemia in dialysis patients. Several studies have reported a reduction in mortality risk in dialysis patients receiving phosphate binders compared with untreated patients, independent of the class of binder prescribed.
Optimizing the Use of High-Sensitivity Troponin Assays for the Early Rule-out of Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting with Chest Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Westwood Marie E , Armstrong Nigel , Worthy Gill , Fayter Debra , Ramaekers Bram L T , Grimm Sabine , Buksnys Titas , Ross Janine , Mills Nicholas L , Body Richard , Collinson Paul O , Timmis Adam , Kleijnen Jos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
We assessed the accuracy and clinical effectiveness of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays for early rule-out of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in adults presenting with acute chest pain.

Methods
Sixteen databases were searched to September 2019. Review methods followed published guidelines. The bivariate model was used to estimate summary sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals for meta-analyses involving 4 or more studies, otherwise random-effects logistic regression was used.

Results
Thirty-seven studies (124 publications) were included in the review. The hs-cTn test strategies evaluated in the included studies were defined by the combination of 4 factors (assay, number of tests, timing of tests, and threshold concentration or change in concentration between tests). Clinical opinion indicated a minimum acceptable sensitivity of 97%. A single test at presentation using a threshold at or near the assay limit of detection could reliably rule-out NSTEMI for a range of hs-cTn assays. Serial testing strategies, which include an immediate rule-out step, increased the proportion ruled out without loss of sensitivity. Finally, serial testing strategies without an immediate rule-out step had excellent sensitivity and specificity, but at the expense of the option for immediate patient discharge.

Conclusion
Test strategies that comprise an initial rule-out step, based on low hs-cTn concentrations at presentation and a minimum symptom duration, and a second step for those not ruled-out that incorporates a small absolute change in hs-cTn at 1, 2, or 3 hours, produce the highest rule-out rates with a very low risk of missed NSTEMI.

PROSPERO registration
CRD42019154716
Ciclosporin or Infliximab as Rescue Therapy in Acute Glucorticosteroid-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Barberio Brigida , Black Christopher J , Savarino Edoardo V , Ford Alexander C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and trial-based meta-analyses, the optimal rescue therapy for patients with acute glucorticosteroid-refractory ulcerative colitis [UC], to avoid colectomy and improve long-term outcomes, remains unclear. We conducted a network meta-analysis examining this issue.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EMBASE Classic and the Cochrane central register up to June 2020. We included RCTs comparing ciclosporin and infliximab, either with each other or with placebo, in patients with glucorticosteroid-refractory UC.

Results
We identified seven RCTs containing 534 patients [415 in head-to-head trials of ciclosporin vs infliximab]. Risk of colectomy at ≤ 1 month was reduced significantly with both treatments, compared with placebo (relative risk [RR] of colectomy with infliximab vs placebo = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.21–0.65, RR with ciclosporin vs placebo = 0.40; 95% CI 0.21–0.77). In terms of colectomy between &gt; 1 month and &lt; 1 year, both drugs ranked equally [P-score 0.75]. Neither treatment was more effective than placebo in reducing the risk of colectomy at ≥ 1 year. Both ciclosporin and infliximab were significantly more efficacious than placebo in achieving a response. Neither treatment was more effective than placebo in inducing remission, nor more likely to cause serious adverse events than placebo.

Conclusions
Both ciclosporin and infliximab were superior to placebo in terms of response to therapy and avoiding colectomy up to 1 year, with no significant differences in efficacy or safety between the two. Ciclosporin remains a valid option to treat refractory UC patients, especially those who do not respond to previous treatment with infliximab, or as a bridge to other biological therapies.
Cardiac arrest, chronic total occlusion, and occluded stent in a 16-year-old boy with Kawasaki disease: a case report
Authors: Connolly Michelle J , Khan Sarosh , Li Kam Wa Matthew E , Faircloth Matthew E , Clapp Brian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Kawasaki disease is the leading cause of premature coronary artery disease in developed countries. As such, patients may require revascularisation as children. However, there are no randomized data guiding treatment so this must be individualized. This case report describes the decision-making in a young patient requiring revascularization who had already suffered stent occlusion.

Case summary
Our patient, a 16-year-old boy with Kawasaki disease, presented with cardiac arrest during exercise. Coronary angiography showed that a proximal left anterior descending artery stent implanted at the age of 8 years had occluded some time ago and his right coronary artery was also chronically occluded. He has discussed in several Heart Team meetings and with international colleagues and a consensus reached to revascularize him surgically.

Discussion
It is vital that young patients with complex coronary disease are discussed in an extensive multidisciplinary setting to determine the most suitable means of treatment. The previously occluded stent was crucial in the individualized decision-making in this patient.
Multi-Task Agents and Incentives: The Case of Teaching and Research for University Professors
Authors: De Philippis Marta 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper exploits a natural experiment to study the effects of providing stronger research incentives to faculty members on universities’ average teaching and research performance. The results indicate that professors are induced to reallocate effort from teaching towards research. Moreover, tighter research requirements affect the faculty composition, as they lead lower-research-ability professors to leave. Given the estimated positive correlation between teaching and research ability, those who leave are also characterized by lower teaching ability. The average effect on teaching for the university is therefore ambiguous, as positive composition effects countervail effort substitution.
The Evolving Overdose Epidemic: Synthetic Opioids and Rising Stimulant-Related Harms
Authors: Jones Christopher M , Bekheet Faraah , Park Ju Nyeong , Alexander G Caleb 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The opioid overdose epidemic is typically described as having occurred in 3 waves, with morbidity and mortality accruing over time principally from prescription opioids (1999–2010), heroin (2011–2013), and illicit fentanyl and other synthetic opioids (2014–present). However, the increasing presence of synthetic opioids mixed into the illicit drug supply, including with stimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine, as well as rising stimulant-related deaths, reflects the rapidly evolving nature of the overdose epidemic, posing urgent and novel public health challenges. We synthesize the evidence underlying these trends, consider key questions such as where and how concomitant exposure to fentanyl and stimulants is occurring, and identify actions for key stakeholders regarding how these emerging threats, and continued evolution of the overdose epidemic, can best be addressed.
'We Shall Become French': Reconsidering Algerian Jews' Citizenship, c. 1860–1900
Authors: Ofrath Avner 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article reconsiders a key episode at the intersection of French, Algerian and Jewish history: the naturalization of Algerian Jews in 1870, commonly known as the Crémieux Decree. Whilst historiography largely portrays this as a unilateral French endeavour, this article draws on new Judeo-Arabic sources to trace an Algerian–Jewish campaign for citizenship in the 1860s. Exploring the use of the Judeo-Arabic dialect and religious terminology in this campaign, the article uncovers a complex and much overlooked dimension of Jewish citizenship in colonial Algeria. Beyond the vertical connection between the metropole and the colony, this is a story of the afterlife of pre-colonial practices, as well as of reformist influences from Tunisia, Morocco and Istanbul. Yet as the article demonstrates, soliciting citizenship in a language other than French disrupted the French orthodoxy of assimilation as a precondition for citizenship. The backlash from settlers, politicians and administrators was fierce and long-lasting.
Contrasting Competitor and Predator Responses to a Short-Lived Southern Pine Beetle Outbreak: A Case Study
Authors: Clarke Stephen R , Hartshorn Jessica 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The southern pine beetle (SPB) Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, is the most important insect pest of pines in the southeastern United States, with outbreaks often resulting in thousands of hectares of pine mortality. Natural enemies and competitors have been cited as significant regulators of SPB populations and, therefore, outbreaks. A recent outbreak on the Homochitto National Forest (NF) in Mississippi provided an opportunity to undertake a case study comparing population fluctuations of SPB, its major predator Thanasimus dubius, and its competitors, Ips bark beetles. Trap catches of all three were tracked through the course of the outbreak on the Homochitto NF as well as in two other forests with low or no SPB activity. The number of predators collected initially increased on the Homochitto NF in response to the SPB outbreak, but their impact on reducing infestation numbers was unclear. Numbers of Ips trapped were similar across all three forests, indicating that other factors were regulating SPB populations. The outbreak only lasted a single year, and its brevity likely limited the availability of host resources for natural enemy and competitor populations. Additional studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms affecting the extent and duration of SPB outbreaks, such as active forest management.
A New Stage of the Caregiving Career: Informal Caregiving After Long-term Institutionalization
Authors: Robison Julie T , Shugrue Noreen A , Fortinsky Richard H , Fabius Chanee D , Baker Kristin , Porter Martha , Grady James J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The “unexpected career” of caregiving has previously been conceptualized in stages: community care through institutional placement/residence, ending with death of the care recipient. Transition programs such as Money Follows the Person (MFP) created a new stage of the caregiving career, caring for someone post–long-term institutionalization, about which little is known. Using Pearlin’s Caregiver Stress Process Model, this study explores effects on caregivers from the return of their loved ones to the community after a long-term institutional stay.

Research Design and Methods
Cross-sectional surveys of 656 caregivers of persons transitioned through Connecticut’s MFP program 2014–2018, completed 6 months posttransition.

Results
Regardless of the age/disability of the care recipient, and despite experiencing high caregiving intensity, caregivers experienced less burden, anxiety, and depression, and higher benefits of caregiving than demonstrated in literature for the general caregiving population. Most felt less stressed than before and during the participant’s institutional stay. Factors associated with worse outcomes included worry about safety, strained finances, missing work, and desiring additional services. Black and Hispanic caregivers experienced lower burden and anxiety and higher benefits of caregiving than White caregivers.

Discussion and Implications
By providing community supports to participants, transition programs can have broad ancillary benefits for caregivers and improve outcomes in the Pearlin model, lessening potentially deleterious effects of an unexpected return to intensive caregiving duties after institutional placement. Positive results for Black and Hispanic caregivers may reflect cultural expectations in caring for family that buffer the adverse effects of caregiving.
Modeling Ecological Dynamics of a Major Agricultural Pest Insect (Melanoplus sanguinipes; Orthoptera: Acrididae): A Cohort-Based Approach Incorporating the Effects of Weather on Grasshopper Development and Abundance
Authors: Olfert Owen , Weiss Ross M , Giffen David , Vankosky Meghan A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Grasshoppers have been a chronic problem for agriculture on the Canadian prairies, the northern limits of the Northern Great Plains, since settlement of the region in the mid-1800s. Grasshopper pest management tools include biological control, cultural control, and insecticides. This article describes a mechanistic, or process-based, modeling approach used to assess the development and abundance of the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius), based on a complex of environmental drivers. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a model (using extensive field data) to quantify the effects of interannual weather variation on M. sanguinipes development and abundance in Saskatchewan, Canada. Overall, the accuracy of model predictions improved for later instars and adults such that predictions regarding adult populations were highly similar to field-collected data. The model provides greater understanding of how M. sanguinipes oviposition is related not only to adult densities, but also to the first appearance of adults and to weather conditions during the oviposition period. The model output can be used to provide accurate within-season updates of the status of grasshopper populations in western Canada to optimize pest management.
Generation of Synthetic Data with Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Vega-Márquez Belén , Rubio-Escudero Cristina , Nepomuceno-Chamorro Isabel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The generation of synthetic data is becoming a fundamental task in the daily life of any organization due to the new protection data laws that are emerging. Because of the rise in the use of Artificial Intelligence, one of the most recent proposals to address this problem is the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). These types of networks have demonstrated a great capacity to create synthetic data with very good performance. The goal of synthetic data generation is to create data that will perform similarly to the original dataset for many analysis tasks, such as classification. The problem of GANs is that in a classification problem, GANs do not take class labels into account when generating new data, it is treated as any other attribute. This research work has focused on the creation of new synthetic data from datasets with different characteristics with a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN). CGANs are an extension of GANs where the class label is taken into account when the new data is generated. The performance of our results has been measured in two different ways: firstly, by comparing the results obtained with classification algorithms, both in the original datasets and in the data generated; secondly, by checking that the correlation between the original data and those generated is minimal.
Assessing Public Tick Identification Ability and Tick Bite Riskiness Using Passive Photograph-Based Crowdsourced Tick Surveillance
Authors: Kopsco Heather L , Duhaime Roland J , Mather Thomas N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tick identification is critical for assessing disease risk from a tick bite and for determining requisite treatment. Data from the University of Rhode Island’s TickEncounter Resource Center’s photo-based surveillance system, TickSpotters, indicate that users incorrectly identified their submitted specimen 83% of the time. Of the top four most commonly submitted tick species, western blacklegged ticks (Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls [Ixodida: Ixodidae]) had the largest proportion of unidentified or misidentified submissions (87.7% incorrectly identified to species), followed by lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum Linneaus [Ixodida: Ixodidae]; 86.8% incorrect), American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis Say [Ixodida: Ixodidae]; 80.7% incorrect), and blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say [Ixodida: Ixodidae]; 77.1% incorrect). More than one quarter of participants (26.3%) submitted photographs of ticks that had been feeding for at least 2.5 d, suggesting heightened risk. Logistic regression generalized linear models suggested that participants were significantly more likely to misidentify nymph-stage ticks than adult ticks (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.23, 0.68, P &lt; 0.001). Ticks reported on pets were more likely to be identified correctly than those found on humans (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–2.04, P &lt; 0.001), and ticks feeding for 2.5 d or longer were more likely to be misidentified than those having fed for one day or less (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.29–0.65, P &lt; 0.001). State and region of residence and season of submission did not contribute significantly to the optimal model. These findings provide targets for future educational efforts and underscore the value of photograph-based tick surveillance to elucidate these knowledge gaps.
Evaluation of Lotions of Botanical-Based Repellents Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Qualls Whitney A , Xue Rui-De , Farooq Muhammad , Peper Steven T , Aryaprema Vindhya , Blore Kai , Weaver Richard , Autry Dena , Talbalaghi Asghar , Kenar James , Cermak Steven C , Zhu Junwei J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Thirteen botanical product repellent compounds such as 2-undecanone, capric, lauric, coconut fatty acids (and their methyl ester derivatives), and catnip oil were formulated in either Coppertone or Aroma Land lotions and evaluated against laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. These formulations contained 7–15 wt/wt of the botanical repellent as the major active ingredient either pure or as mixtures. USDA standard repellent test cages were used to determine the complete protection time (CPT) of the different formulated repellents. Two of the evaluated formulations, a 7% capric acid in Coppertone (CPT 2.7 ± 0.6 h) and 7% coconut fatty acids containing carrylic acid, capric acid, and lauric acid in Coppertone (CPT 2.3 ± 2.0 h), provided strong repellency against mosquitoes up to 3 h, which was equivalent to the (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) DEET control (CPT 2.7 ± 0.6 h). This work suggests future potential for these botanical product-based repellents as alternatives to commercial DEET-containing products.
The accreted nuclear clusters of the Milky Way
Authors: Pfeffer Joel , Lardo Carmela , Bastian Nate , Saracino Sara , Kamann Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
A number of the massive clusters in the halo, bulge, and disc of the Galaxy are not genuine globular clusters (GCs) but instead are different beasts altogether. They are the remnant nuclear star clusters (NSCs) of ancient galaxies since accreted by the Milky Way. While some clusters are readily identifiable as NSCs and can be readily traced back to their host galaxy (e.g. M54 and the Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy), others have proven more elusive. Here, we combine a number of independent constraints, focusing on their internal abundances and overall kinematics, to find NSCs accreted by the Galaxy and trace them to their accretion event. We find that the true NSCs accreted by the Galaxy are: M54 from the Sagittarius Dwarf, ω Centari from Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage, NGC 6273 from Kraken, and (potentially) NGC 6934 from the Helmi Streams. These NSCs are prime candidates for searches of intermediate-mass black holes (BHs) within star clusters, given the common occurrence of galaxies hosting both NSCs and central massive BHs. No NSC appears to be associated with Sequoia or other minor accretion events. Other claimed NSCs are shown not to be such. We also discuss the peculiar case of Terzan 5, which may represent a unique case of a cluster–cluster merger.