bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensional Effects during Viscoelastic Polymer Flooding: Understanding Unresolved Challenges
Authors: Azad Madhar S. , Trivedi Japan J. 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Several studies have tried to relate polymers’ enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential to their viscoelastic characteristics such as onset, rheo thickening, extensional viscosity, and Deborah number (De). Contradictions prevail when it comes to reduction in residual oil saturation (Sor) during polymer flooding and the role of extensional properties. De calculated using the oscillatory relaxation time fails to explain the different pressure profiles exhibited by the viscous and viscoelastic polymers. Extensional viscosity has been ignored in many studies as the reason for additional Sor reduction based on the core-scale apparent viscosity and core-scale capillary number (Nc). In recent studies, a significant oil mobilization was shown by the viscoelastic polymers even before the critical Nc, which indicates that the capillary theory breaks out under specific conditions during polymer flooding. Moreover, the additional residual oil recovery caused by the high-salinity polymer solutions cannot be explained by the oscillatory De.
In this paper, we compile and examine many such unresolved challenges from various literature with rheological and petrophysical insights. The uniaxial bulk extensional rheology is performed on the relevant polymers using a capillary breakup extensional rheometer to measure the extensional relaxation time, maximum extensional viscosity at the critical De, and strain hardening index. A detailed analysis signifies the role of extensional rheology on the viscoelastic onset, rheo thickening, and Sor reduction even under varying salinity conditions. The results also highlight the advantages of extensional rheology over oscillatory rheology and validate the capillary theory using modified capillary number.
Impact of the comprehensive geriatric assessment on treatment decision in geriatric oncology.
Authors: Sourdet Sandrine , Brechemier Delphine , Steinmeyer Zara , Gerard Stephane , Balardy Laurent 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is the gold standard in geriatric oncology to identify patients at high risk of adverse outcomes and optimize cancer and overall management. Many studies have demonstrated that CGA could modify oncologic treatment decision. However, there is little knowledge on which domains of the CGA are associated with this change. Moreover, the impact of frailty and physical performance on change in cancer treatment plan has been rarely assessed.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of older patients with solid or hematologic cancer referred by oncologists for a geriatric evaluation before cancer treatment. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed by a multidisciplinary team to provide guidance for treatment decision. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify CGA domains associated with change in cancer treatment plan. Results: 418 patients, mean age 82.8 ± 5.5, were included between October 2011 and January 2016, and 384 of them were referred with an initial cancer treatment plan. This initial cancer treatment plan was changed in 64 patients (16.7 %). In multivariate analysis, CGA domains associated with change in cancer treatment plan were cognitive impairment according to the MMSE score (p=0.020), malnutrition according to the MNA score (p=0.023), and low physical performance according to the Short Physical Performance Battery (p=0.010). Conclusion: Cognition, malnutrition and low physical performance are significantly associated with change in cancer treatment plan in older adults with cancer. More studies are needed to evaluate their association with survival, treatment toxicity and quality of life. The role of physical performance should be specifically explored.
Stem vacuole-targetted sucrose isomerase enhances sugar accumulation in sorghum
Authors: Liu Guoquan , Zhang Yan , Pan Yunrong , Davis Christopher Eric , Jing Hai-Chun , Wu Luguang , Godwin Ian D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Sugar accumulation is critically important in determining sugar crop productivity. Sorghum, especially high biomass sweet sorghum has shown great potential for biofuel. However, improvement in sugar content has been stagnant among sugar crops for decades. In this study, sorghum was investigated as a C4 diploid model for more complicated genomes such as maize and sugarcane. To promote sugar accumulation in sorghum, the sucrose isomerase (SI) gene, driven by stem-specific promoters A1 (A) or LSG2 (L) with a signal peptide, was designed to target the stem vacuole in grain sorghum inbred line (Tx430).Results: The study demonstrated that transgenic lines of grain sorghum can accumulate isomaltulose which accounted for 50-60% of total sugar (up to 1012 mM) in stalks. While the average sugar content is 118 mM in the control Tx430. Subsequently, the best-engineered line (L9) was crossed with an elite sweet sorghum variety (Rio). The total sugar contents were significantly higher in both F1 (up to 763 mM) and F2 (up to 821 mM) progenies than the sweet sorghum Rio (485 mM), representing 57% and 69% increase respectively. Those total sugar contents in those engineered sorghum lines are higher than in the field-grown sugarcane (600-700 mM). Physiological characterization demonstrated that the superior progenies of F2 hybrids had notably higher rates of photosynthesis, sucrose transport, and sink strength than controls.Conclusion: The genetic engineering approach has significantly enhanced total sugar content in grain sorghum and hybrids of (sweet X grain) sorghum. This research has put sorghum in the spotlight and frontier as a biofuel crop. More importantly, our results prove that the phenotype of high sugar content is heritable in the grain sorghum as well as hybrids. The massive increase in sugar accumulation would lead to enormous financial benefits for industrial and biofuel use. This study would have a substantial impact on renewable energy due to the supreme capacity of total sugar accumulation in transgenic sorghum.
Gait speed and handgrip strength as predictors of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patient
Authors: Lee Yu Ho , Kim Jin Sug , Jung Su Woong , Hwang Hyeon Seok , Moon Ju-Young , Jeong Kyung-Hwan , Lee Sang-Ho , Lee So-Young , Ko Gang Jee , Lee Dong-Young , Lee Hong joo , Kim Yang Gyun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Low physical performance in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is associated with a high mortality rate. We investigated the clinical relevance of gait speed and handgrip strength, the two most commonly used methods of assessing physical performance.Methods We obtained data regarding gait speed and handgrip strength from 277 hemodialysis patients and evaluated their relationships with baseline parameters, mental health, plasma inflammatory markers, and major adverse clinical outcomes. Low physical performance was defined by the recommendations suggested by the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia.Results The prevalence of low gait speed and handgrip strength was 28.2% and 44.8%, respectively. Old age, low serum albumin levels, high comorbidity index score, and impaired cognitive functions were associated with low physical performance. Patients with isolated low gait speed exhibited a general trend for worse quality of life than those with isolated low handgrip strength. Gait speed and handgrip strength showed very weak correlations with different determining factors (older age, the presence of diabetes, and lower serum albumin level for low gait speed, and lower body mass index and the presence of previous cardiovascular events for low handgrip strength). Patients with low gait speed and handgrip strength had elevated levels of plasma endocan and matrix metalloproteinase-7 and the highest risks for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events among the groups (adjusted hazard ratio of 2.72, p = 0.024). Elderly patients with low gait speed and handgrip strength were at the highest risk for poor clinical outcomes.Conclusion Gait speed and handgrip strength reflected distinctive aspects of patient characteristics and the use of both factors improved the prediction of adverse clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Gait speed seems to be a better indicator of poor patient outcomes than is handgrip strength.
Youth unemployment and mental health: Prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mokona Hirbaye , Yohannes Kalkidan , Ayano Getinet 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The high rate of unemployment among young adults in Ethiopia (aged 18 to 30 years) is a public health concern. The risk of mental health problems like depression is higher among the unemployed than among the employed. However, there is no study conducted on the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was employed among 1452 unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia from May to July, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. The presence of depression was assessed by using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and data on socio-demographic characteristics of study participants was collected by using structured questionnaire. Data was coded and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with depression, and variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval. Result: The overall prevalence of depression among unemployed young adults in the present study was 30.9% (95% CI: 28.4%, 33.1%). Of the total study participants with depression, 56.7% had mild depression, 36% had moderate depression, and 7.3% had severe depression. Being male (AOR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.80), long duration of unemployment (≥1years) (AOR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.99), low self-esteem (AOR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.68), poor social support (AOR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.93), and current alcohol use (AOR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.33, 2.59) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that depression is an important public health problem among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. The results of our study suggest that policy makers and program planners should establish appropriate strategy for prevention, early detection and management of depression among this population. Moreover, this study also indicates that addressing the need of unemployed young people, improving access to care for depression is an important next step. Furthermore, we recommend further studies to understand the nature of depression among unemployed young people and to strengthen the current results.
Analysis of CCT7 Expression and Its Clinical Significance in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Wang Liwen , Zhou Wei , Li Hui , Yang Hui , Shan Nianchun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecologic malignancy; myometrial invasion (MI) is a typical approach of EC spreads and an important index to assess tumor metastasis and outcome of EC patients. CCT7 is a member of the TCP1 chaperone family, involved in cytoskeletal protein folding and unfolding. In this study, the role of CCT7 in EC development was investigated. Methods: Clinical data for 87 EC cases and expression of CCT7 were analyzed. CCT7 was knocked out using siRNA-CCT7 in Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells, and their function about proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were further tested. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the potential pathways of CCT7 in EC development.Results: The rates of CCT7-positive cells in EC and adjacent normal endometrium tissues had significant difference (67.8% vs. 51.4%, p = 0.035), and the expression rate increased from low to high pathological stage (39.7% in the I/II stage, 71.4% in the III/IV stage, p = 0.029). Similar change was found in protein level. CCT7 expression differed significantly between the deep MI group (>1/2) and the superficial MI group (≤1/2) (P = 0.039). However, there were no differences with respect to age, pathological type and histological grade. CCT7 suppression induced a function-loss in in both Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that EC patients with lower level CCT7 expression had better Overall survival (p= 0.0081). GO enrichment indicated that “RNA binding”, “Mitochondrion”, “Translation”, and “Spliceosome” were most significantly enriched potential pathways. Five hub genes, PSMA5, PSMD14, SNRPB, SNRPG and TXNL4A, were all significantly upregulated in EC and had positive correlation with CCT7.Conclusions: CCT7 may be involved in EC development by excessively activating tumor cell function to promote MI or distant/nodal metastasis, which definitely impaired the prognosis of EC patients.
Immune Landscape in Burkitt Lymphoma reveals M2-macrophage polarization and Correlation between PD-L1 expression and Non-Canonical EBV latency program
Authors: Granai Massimo , Mundo Lucia , Akarca Ayse U , Siciliano Maria Chiara , Rizvi Hasan , Mancini Virginia , Onyango Noel , Othieno-Abinya Nicholas , Maha Ibrahim , Margielewska Sandra , Wi Wenbin , Bibas Michele , Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Fend Falko , Lazzi Stefano , Leoncini Lorenzo , Marafioti Teresa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Tumor Microenviroment (TME) is a complex milieu that is increasingly recognized as a key factor in multiple stages of disease progression and responses to therapy as well as escape from immune surveillance. However, the precise contribution of specific immune effector and immune suppressor components of the TME in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remains poorly understood.METHODS: In this paper, we applied the computational algorithm CIBERSORT to Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) datasets of 40 BL samples to draw a map of immune and stromal components of TME. Furthermore, by multiple immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multispectral immunofluorescence (IF), we investigated the TME of additional series of 40 BL cases to evaluate the role of the Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint axis. RESULTS: Our results indicate that M2 polarized macrophages are the most prominent TME component in BL. In addition, we investigated the correlation between PD-L1 and latent membrane protein-2A (LMP2A) expression on tumour cells, highlighting a subgroup of BL cases characterized by a non-canonical latency program of EBV with an activated PD-L1 pathway. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study analysed the TME in BL and identified a tolerogenic immune signature highlighting new potential therapeutic targets.
Feasibility and predictors of change of Narrative Exposure Therapy for displaced populations: A repeated measures design
Authors: Ghafoerkhan R.S. , Heemstra H.E. van , Scholte W.F. , Kolk J.R.J. van der , Heide F.J. ter , Rie S. M. de la , Verhaak L.M. , Snippe E. , Boelen P.A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Displaced victims of interpersonal violence, such as refugees, asylum seekers, and victims of sexual exploitation, are growing in numbers, and are often suffering from a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At the same time these victims are known to benefit less from trauma-focused therapy (TFT), and to be less compliant to treatment. The objective of this paper is to describe the rationale and research protocol of an ongoing trial that aims to evaluate different variables that might influence the feasibility of TFT for the study population. Specifically, perceived daily stress, emotion regulation, and mood are investigated as predictors of change in PTSD symptoms during a trauma-focused therapy (Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)). The feasibility of administering measures tapping these constructs repeatedly during treatment will also be evaluated. Methods/design: Using an observational treatment design, 80 displaced victims of interpersonal violence will be measured before, during, and after partaking in NET. Several questionnaires tapping PTSD plus the aforementioned possible predictors of PTSD change will be administered: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5, Perceived Stress Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18 (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up),subscale impulsivity of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18, Perceived Stress Scale short version, Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and a single Mood item (each session). Multilevel modelling will be used to examine the relation between the possible predictors and treatment outcome.Discussion: The present study is the first to examine the interplay of facilitating and interfering factors possibly impacting treatment feasibility and effectiveness in displaced victims of interpersonal violence with PTSD receiving NET, using repeated measures. The current study can help to improve future treatment based on individual characteristics. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register: NTR7353, retrospectively registered. Date of registration: July 11th 2018.
Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Recover Mouse model of Parkinson’s Disease mainly by Neuroprotective，Anti-oxidative and Anti-inflammatory factors
Authors: Zhang Jiaofei , Li Hui , Yang Hao , Lin Jianhua , Wang You , Zhang Qianjun , Gao Wei-Qiang , Xu Huiming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint due to author disagreement.
Optimization of Machining Parameters of Aluminum Alloy BS-1474 2014 A using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: javaid waqas , Iqbal Tauqeer , Hassan Ammar ul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
High surface quality, optimum Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Tool-Chip Interface temperature (T c ) have significant importance in machining process. Similarly, dimensional accuracy in machining process also relies heavily on machining parameters. In machining operations, there are a number of parameters which have direct or indirect effect on the Surface Roughness (Ra) and MRR of the product. The surface roughness and MRR in turning process are affected by spindle speed (SS), feed rate (FR) and depth of cut (DOC). The optimization of turning parameters will be very helpful in improving quality of manufacturing and machining cost. In order to have an improved product, extensive research has been carried out to optimize machining process. The current research is focused at Response Surface Methodology (RSM) of turning process of Aluminum alloy (BS-1474 2014 A) by using variable sets of machining parameters i.e., SS, FR and DOC with carbide tipped tool. Multiple experiments were performed on CNC Lathe machine by using different combinations of process parameters. Response surface methodology was applied to reach theoretical values of the responses parameters (i.e, Ra, MRR, T c ) and an agreement was observed between actual machining results and methodology values. Design Expert-7 was used as a statistical tool to come to a conclusion on whether achieved results are optimum for turning process or otherwise. For a close correlation, comparison between hypothetical and investigational data is also the part of this research. Significant agreement between theoretically optimized machining parameters and experimental data has been observed.
The use of negative-pressure wound therapy after total knee arthroplasty is effective for reducing complications and the need for reintervention.
Authors: Helito Camilo Partezani , Sobrado Marcel Faraco , Giglio Pedro Nogueira , Bonadio Marcelo Batista , Pecora Jose Ricardo , Demange Marco Kawamura , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Compare the complications of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) who used a portable negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) device in the immediate postoperative period with those of a control group. Methods: A total of 296 patients were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups: those who used NPWT for seven days in the postoperative period (Group 1) and those who used conventional dressings (Group 2). Demographic data, comorbidities, local parameters related to the surgical wound and complications were evaluated.Results: The groups did not differ in regard to sex, age and clinical comorbidities. Overall, 153 (51.7%) patients had at least one risk factor for wound complications. Patients who used NPWT had a lower rate of complications (28.5% vs. 45.7%, p = 0.001) and a lower rate of reintervention in the operating room (2% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.001). Patients in group 1 had a lower incidence of hyperaemia (14.7% vs. 40.2%, p = 0.01), skin necrosis (2.1% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.04) and wound dehiscence (3.1% vs 10.1%, p = 0.03). The use of NPWT was a protective factor for the presence of complications, with an odds ratio of 0.36 (95% CI 0.206-0.629).Conclusion: The number of complications related to the wound after TKA is high; however, most of them are minor and have no impact on the treatment and clinical evolution of patients. The use of NPWT decreased the number of surgical wound complications, especially hyperaemia, dehiscence and necrosis, and reduced the need for reintervention.
A novel nomogram to predict the overall survival in esthesinoeroblastoma
Authors: Jiang Lijie , Lin Tengjiao , Zhang Yu , Gao Wenxiang , Deng Jie , Xu Zhaofeng , Luo Xin , Huang Zhaoqi , Chen Fenghong , Shi Jianbo , Lai Yinyan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIncreasing evidence indicates that the pathology and the modified Kadish system have some influence on the prognosis of esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB). However, an accurate system to combine pathology with a modified Kadish system has not been established.MethodsThis study aimed to set up and evaluate a model to predict overall survival (OS) accurately in ENB, including clinical characteristics, treatment and pathological variables. We screened the information of patients with ENB between January 1, 1976, and December 30, 2012 from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program as a training cohort. The validation cohort consisted of patients with ENB at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University in the same period, and 87 patients were identified. The Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to assess significance of clinicopathological and demographic characteristics. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to examine univariate and multivariate analyses. The model coefficients were used to calculate the Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Prognostic factors with a p-value < 0.05 in multivariate analysis were included in the nomogram. The concordance index (c-index) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the predictive power of the nomogram.ResultsThe c-index of training cohort and validation cohort are 0.737 (95% CI, 0.709 to 0.765) and 0.791 (95% CI, 0.767 to 0.815) respectively. The calibration curves revealed a good agreement between the nomogram prediction and actual observation regarding the probability of 3-year and 5-year survival. We used a nomogram to calculate the 3-year and 5-year growth probability and stratified patients into three risk groups.ConclusionsThe nomogram provided the risk group information and identified mortality risk and can serve as a reference for designing a reasonable follow-up plan.# Co-first authors: Lijie Jiang and Tengjiao Lin contributed equally to this article.