bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Van der Waals Contact to 2D Semiconductors with a Switchable Electric Dipole: Achieving Both n‐ and p‐Type Ohmic Contacts to Metals with a Wide Range of Work Functions
Authors: Shao Yangfan , Wang Qian , Pan Hui , Shi Xingqiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors with an intrinsic electric dipole p (pS for short), including group III2‐VI3 ferroelectrics and various Janus semiconductors, are attracting increasing attention for their exotic properties and versatile applications. Their potential in metal–semiconductor junctions is revealed. It is demonstrated that, for pS contacting to 2D metals with a wide range of work‐functions, Schottky‐barrier‐free (SB‐free) and tunable n‐ to p‐type contacts can be obtained, which is important for complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor logical circuitry. As expected, low (high) work‐function (WF) metals form n‐type (p‐type) SB‐free contacts to pS. What is unexpected is the behavior of medium‐WF metal‐pS junctions (MpSJ); that is, by switching the polarization in pS, both n‐ and p‐type SB‐free contacts can be obtained by the same pS contacting to metals with a wide range of WF. More importantly, MpSJ with bilayer pS can form both n‐ and p‐type SB‐free contacts. These findings, SB‐free and contact‐type‐tunable of MpSJ for metals with a wide range of work‐functions, demonstrate the great potential of 2D pS for device applications.
Recovery of vinyl chloride from by‐streams of polyvinyl chloride production by TPSA in a multitubular adsorber
Authors: Carmo Paulo , Ribeiro Ana M. , Rodrigues Alírio E. , Ferreira Alexandre 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis work aims at developing an efficient and feasible adsorption‐based separation process for the separation of vinyl chloride and nitrogen, on activated carbon, by employing a multitubular packed bed geometry, with adsorbent material inside the tubes. Using this geometry, a 2‐dimensional mathematical model of a temperature pressure swing adsorption process was used to developed a 6‐step three multitubular adsorbers system capable of separating and purifying an industrial scale gas stream of a 40:60% (v/v) vinyl chloride/nitrogen mixture into a 95% (v/v) vinyl chloride stream and a nitrogen stream with a vinyl chloride limit concentration of 8 ppm (w/w). The process reported energy consumption of 4.88 × 106 J/kgVCM and recovery capacity of 24.35 kgVCM/(m3unit h). The multitubular geometry enabled the use of lower adsorbent loads, shorter cycle times, and lower regeneration temperatures. An equivalent 1‐dimensional model has also shown to satisfactorily estimate the performance of the current equipment.
Targeted sequencing of the LRRTM gene family in suicide attempters with bipolar disorder
Authors: Reichman Rachel D. , Gaynor Sophia C. , Monson Eric T. , Gaine Marie E. , Parsons Meredith G. , Zandi Peter P. , Potash James B. , Willour Virginia L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlutamatergic signaling is the primary excitatory neurotransmission pathway in the brain, and its relationship to neuropsychiatric disorders is of considerable interest. Our previous attempted suicide genome‐wide association study, and numerous studies investigating gene expression, genetic variation, and DNA methylation have implicated aberrant glutamatergic signaling in suicide risk. The glutamatergic pathway gene LRRTM4 was an associated gene identified in our attempted suicide genome‐wide association study, with association support seen primarily in females. Recent evidence has also shown that glutamatergic signaling is partly regulated by sex‐related hormones. The LRRTM gene family encodes neuronal leucine‐rich transmembrane proteins that localize to and promote glutamatergic synapse development. In this study, we sequenced the coding and regulatory regions of all four LRRTM gene members plus a large intronic region of LRRTM4 in 476 bipolar disorder suicide attempters and 473 bipolar disorder nonattempters. We identified two male‐specific variants, one female‐ and five male‐specific haplotypes significantly associated with attempted suicide in LRRTM4. Furthermore, variants within significant haplotypes may be brain expression quantitative trait loci for LRRTM4 and some of these variants overlap with predicted hormone response elements. Overall, these results provide supporting evidence for a sex‐specific association of genetic variation in LRRTM4 with attempted suicide.
Conformational Dynamics of Monomer‐ versus Dimer‐like Features in a Naphthalenediimide‐Based Conjugated Cyclophane
Authors: Keshri Sudhir Kumar , Takai Atsuro , Ishizuka Tomoya , Kojima Takahiko , Takeuchi Masayuki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe design and synthesis of an enantiomeric pair of 1,8‐diethynylanthracene‐bridged naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐based cyclophanes (Cyclo‐NDIs) are reported. Each enantiomer of Cyclo‐NDI exhibits a circularly polarized luminescence signal with a relatively large luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum=±8×10−3). We have further investigated the modulation of through‐space electronic communication between co‐facially oriented NDIs in a discrete Cyclo‐NDI with changes in the temperature. Tuning of the electronic communication results from the conformational transformation of monomer‐ versus dimer‐like features of Cyclo‐NDI, as confirmed by UV/Vis, fluorescence, circular dichroic, and NMR spectroscopic analysis. The temperature‐dependent optical response in the Cyclo‐NDI through the conformational transformation could be utilized as a highly sensitive and reversible optical thermometer in a wide temperature range (100 to −80 °C).
Combining optical coherence tomography with magnetic resonance angiography and Doppler ultrasonography for clinical detection of scleroderma
Authors: Zhang Lingyan , Li Mifang , Liu Yubin , Zhou Quan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractScleroderma (SD) is a rare and agnogenic autoimmune disease whose progression can be modified by medical or surgical intervention if detected early. Multimodality imaging makes early detection of SD possible based on the structural and functional findings from different imaging methods. Combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) to identify the typical structural and functional features that can exhibit significant differences between SD patients and healthy controls. In this study, six participants (three healthy volunteers and three SD patients) were recruited and clinically examined by a rheumatologist. Participants’ fingers were scanned by MRA, DUS, and OCT, respectively. MRA and DSU imaging results showed that SD patients exhibited thicker finger skin, a loss of blood vessels, and lower blood flow, whereas OCT captured the high‐resolution morphology changes of the skin, epidermal, dermis, and subcutaneous layers, demonstrating a distinct loss of the dermo‐epidermal junction in SD patients. Multimodal imaging techniques offer a more comprehensive characterization of the morphological and functional information of biological tissues, which can assist physicians to achieve a more accurate SD diagnosis.
Neurochemical characterization of the hypothalamus of the early fetal and newborn alpaca Vicugna pacos
Authors: Montelli Stefano , Graïc Jean‐Marie , Ruiz Jaime Antonio , Stelletta Calogero , Peruffo Antonella 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study we performed a neurochemical characterization of the hypothalamus in the developing alpaca (Vicugna pacos) with the aim of revealing the distributions of immunoreactive (‐ir) cells containing parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), the somatostatin (SOM), the enzyme aromatase P450 (P450Arom), the estrogen receptor α (ER‐α), and estrogen receptor β (ER‐β) in embryonal stages, early fetal age, and in the newborn. This analysis has been carried out on embryos at 20, 30, 45 days, fetuses at 90 days, and newborn alpaca. Our immunohistochemical results revealed no cells‐ir throughout the embryonic hypothalami of 20, 30, and 45 days. On the fetal stage of 90 days, SOM‐ir cells were observed in the lateral hypothalamus and the ventromedial nuclei of the tuberal region. We checked for the presence of P450Arom‐ir cells in the periventricular area and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus of the tuberal region. In these fetal stages, no PV‐ir, CB‐ir, CR‐ir or ERs‐ir cells were identified. In the newborn, the PV‐ir, CB‐ir, CR‐ir, and SOM‐ir cells were detected in both the anterior and tuberal hypothalamic area. The P450Arom‐ir cells the ER‐α–ir and ER‐β–ir cells were found in the anterior hypothalamus. Our results offer a contribution in the future purpose to obtain a time‐expression pattern of the considered markers in alpaca during gestation and represents a foundation for future investigations on the alpaca brain to define the cross talk between PV, CB, CR, P450Arom, SOM, and ERs in the hypothalamus, the strategic region for the control of the reproductive behavior.
Phosphaviologen‐Based Pyrene‐Carbon Nanotube Composites for Stable Battery Electrodes
Authors: Bridges Colin R. , Stolar Monika , Baumgartner Thomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe adoption of intermittent renewable power sources has placed battery technologies into the limelight, initiating a push to develop sustainable materials for energy storage that do not rely on rare or toxic elements. Organic electrode materials are made from abundant elements that are consumed in the biomass cycle, which can make large‐scale manufacturing and recycling of these materials less detrimental to the environment. Herein, we explore how organic, electroactive phosphoryl‐bridged viologens (phosphaviologens) can be composited with single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and used as organic electrodes composed of sustainable/abundant materials. To this end, we have functionalized phosphaviologens that exhibit two stable and reversible reductions with pendant pyrene moieties to interface them with carbon nanotubes. The anchoring of the redox active species on the surface of SWCNTs prevents electrode dissolution, and hybrid batteries with a high voltage (1.95–3.5 V) vs. Li/Li+using phosphaviologens as the cathode remain stable past 500 charge/discharge cycles.
Autoantibodies against tumor‐associated antigens combined with microRNAs in detecting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sun Guiying , Ye Hua , Wang Xiao , Li Tiandong , Jiang Di , Qiu Cuipeng , Dai Liping , Shi Jianxiang , Wang Kaijuan , Song Chunhua , Wang Peng , Zhang Jianying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEsophageal carcinoma (EC) is a common malignant disease worldwide, especially in China. There is currently no specific blood test for detecting EC. Autoantibodies against tumor‐associated antigens (TAAbs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising markers for cancer diagnosis and this study focuses on combining TAAbs and miRNAs to evaluate the diagnostic value in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The expression levels of seven TAAbs and five microRNAs in plasmas from 125 patients diagnosed with ESCC and 125 healthy individuals were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to estimate the diagnostic value of these markers for distinguishing ESCC patients from normal individuals. Logistic regression analysis was performed to generate prediction model and calculate the probability of individuals being diagnosed with ESCC. Three panels were established including four TAAbs, three miRNAs, and three TAAbs combined with three miRNAs. The panel consisting of three TAAbs (HCCR, C‐myc, and MDM2) and three miRNAs (miR‐21, miR‐223, and miR‐375) attained great diagnostic value for ESCC, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85‐0.93) with the sensitivity of 69%, the specificity of 90%, the PPV of 83%, the NPV of 79%, and the coincidence rate of 81%. The optimal panel of six‐member markers was able to effectively discriminate the patients with ESCC from normal individuals, especially for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Socket Shield Technique Used in Conjunction With Immediate Implant Placement in the Anterior Maxilla: A Case Series
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Giap , Flanagan Dennis , Syrbu John , Nguyen Thomas T. 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionBone remodeling after tooth extraction and immediate implant placement will occur nonetheless and as a result, additional hard and soft tissue augmentations are often necessary to compensate for the loss of alveolar ridge dimension. The socket shield (SS) technique has shown encouraging clinical results in maintaining original ridge morphology, and thus, may be used as an alternative protocol for the conventional immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone.Case SeriesThe authors report three cases of SS technique used in conjunction with immediate implant placement in an anterior maxilla. The patients were followed for a period of 2 to 6 years, and the evolution of the soft and hard tissue surrounding the implants was documented.ConclusionsThe SS technique produces virtually no change in the hard and soft tissue dimensions with relatively minimal invasive surgical interventions and shorter treatment time.
Recurrent pulmonary vein stenosis after successful intervention: Prognosis and management of restenosis
Authors: Fender Erin A. , Widmer R. Jay , Mahowald Madeline K , Hodge David O. , Packer Douglas L. , Holmes David R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe management of recurrent pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) and determine if stenting is superior to balloon angioplasty (BA) in preventing subsequent restenosis.BackgroundPVS is a serious complication of atrial fibrillation ablation. BA and stenting are effective therapies; however, restenosis frequently occurs. Here we report management of recurrent stenosis.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study performed from 2000 to 2014.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen patients with severe PVS underwent intervention in 88 veins treated with BA and 81 treated with stenting. Forty‐two patients experienced restenosis. Restenosis was more common in veins treated with BA (RRR 53% [95% CI 32–70%, p = .008]). A second intervention was performed in 41 patients. In the 34 vessels treated with initial BA, 24 were treated for restenosis with a stent and 10 were treated with a second BA. The recurrence rate was 46% in those treated with BA followed by stenting and 50% in those treated with two BA procedures. In the 22 veins treated with initial stenting, 9 were treated with another stent and 13 were treated with BA. The recurrence rate was 44% in those treated with a second stent and 46% for those treated with a stent followed by BA. The risk of a third stenosis was the same among all groups (Analysis of variance [ANOVA] p = .99). Limited sample size precluded analysis of outcome by stent size.ConclusionsRestenosis occurred in 44% of patients overall. Management is challenging; stenting does not appear to be superior to BA.
Impact of established cardiovascular disease on outcomes in the randomized global leaders trial
Authors: Garg Scot , Chichareon Ply , Kogame Norihiro , Takahashi Kuniaki , Modolo Rodrigo , Chang Chun‐Chin , Tomaniak Mariusz , Fath‐Ordoubadi Farzin , Anderson Richard , Oldroyd Keith G. , Stables Rod H. , Kukreja Neville , Chowdhary Saqib , Galasko Gavin , Hoole Stephen , Zaman Azfar , Hamm Christian W. , Steg Philippe G. , Jüni Peter , Valgimigli Marco , Windecker Stephan , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of different anti‐platelet strategies on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsGLOBAL LEADERS was a randomized, superiority, all‐comers trial comparing one‐month dual anti‐platelet therapy (DAPT) with ticagrelor and aspirin followed by 23‐month ticagrelor monotherapy (experimental treatment) with standard 12‐month DAPT followed by 12‐month aspirin monotherapy (reference treatment) in patients treated with a biolimus A9‐eluting stent. Established CVD was defined as ≥1 prior myocardial infarction, PCI, coronary artery bypass operation, stroke, or established peripheral vascular disease. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause death or new Q‐wave MI at 2‐years. The secondary safety endpoint was BARC 3 or 5 bleeding. Exploratory secondary endpoints were the patient‐orientated composite endpoint and net adverse clinical events.ResultsAmong the 15,761 patients in this cohort were 6,693 patients (42.5%) with established CVD. Compared to those without established CVD, these patients had significantly higher rates of the primary (5.1 vs. 3.3%, HR1.59[1.36–1.86], p < .001) and secondary composite endpoints with no significant differences in bleeding. There was a nonsignificant reduction in the primary endpoint in patients with established CVD receiving the experimental treatment (4.6 vs. 5.6%, HR0.82[0.66–1.02], p = .07). When comparing patients without CVD to those with one or three territories of CVD, the hazard ratio for the primary endpoint increased in unadjusted and adjusted models.ConclusionsThe poorer outcomes in patients with established CVD are not mitigated by prolonged monotherapy with a potent P2Y12 inhibitor suggesting a greater need to focus on modifiable risk factors.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation 10 years after valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation for failing aortic valve homograft root replacement
Authors: Duncan Alison , Mirsadraee Saeed , Quarto Cesare , Davies Simon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractValve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation (ViV‐TAVI) is an established therapy for a degenerated surgical bioprosthesis. TAVI‐in‐TAVI following ViV‐TAVI has not been previously performed. We report a high‐risk patient presenting with severe left ventricular failure secondary to undiagnosed critical aortic stenosis due to degeneration of the implanted transcatheter heart valve more than a decade after initial ViV‐TAVI for a failing stentless aortic valve homograft. Successful TAVI‐in‐TAVI reversed the clinical and echocardiographic changes of decompensated heart failure with no evidence of coronary obstruction.
Effects of Flow‐Induced Microfluidic Chip Wall Deformation on Imaging Flow Cytometry
Authors: Yalikun Yaxiaer , Ota Nobutoshi , Guo Baoshan , Tang Tao , Zhou Yuqi , Lei Cheng , Kobayashi Hirofumi , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Li Ming , Enrique Muñoz Hector , Di Carlo Dino , Goda Keisuke , Tanaka Yo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImaging flow cytometry is a powerful tool by virtue of its capability for high‐throughput cell analysis. The advent of high‐speed optical imaging methods on a microfluidic platform has significantly improved cell throughput and brought many degrees of freedom to instrumentation and applications over the last decade, but it also poses a predicament on microfluidic chips. Specifically, as the throughput increases, the flow speed also increases (currently reaching 10 m/s): consequently, the increased hydrodynamic pressure on the microfluidic chip deforms the wall of the microchannel and produces detrimental effects lead to defocused and blur image. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the effects of flow‐induced microfluidic chip wall deformation on imaging flow cytometry. We fabricated three types of microfluidic chips with the same geometry and different degrees of stiffness made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass to investigate material influence on image quality. First, we found the maximum deformation of a PDMS microchannel was >60 μm at a pressure of 0.6 MPa, while no appreciable deformation was identified in a glass microchannel at the same pressure. Second, we found the deviation of lag time that indicating velocity difference of migrating microbeads due to the deformation of the microchannel was 29.3 ms in a PDMS microchannel and 14.9 ms in a glass microchannel. Third, the glass microchannel focused cells into a slightly narrower stream in the X‐Y plane and a significantly narrower stream in the Z‐axis direction (focusing percentages were increased 30%, 32%, and 5.7% in the glass channel at flow velocities of 0.5, 1.5, and 3 m/s, respectively), and the glass microchannel showed stabler equilibrium positions of focused cells regardless of flow velocity. Finally, we achieved the world's fastest imaging flow cytometry by combining a glass microfluidic device with an optofluidic time‐stretch microscopy imaging technique at a flow velocity of 25 m/s. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Stronger together: comparing and integrating camera trap, visual, and dung survey data in tropical forest communities
Authors: Nuñez Chase L. , Froese Graden , Meier Amelia C. , Beirne Chris , Depenthal Johanna , Kim Seokmin , Mbélé Alex Ebang , Nordseth Anna , Poulsen John R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAccurate estimations of animal populations are necessary for management, conservation, and policy decisions. However, methods for surveying animal communities disproportionately represent specific groups or guilds. For example, transect surveys can provide robust data for large arboreal species but underestimate cryptic or small‐bodied terrestrial species, whereas camera traps have the inverse tendency. The integration of information from multiple methodologies would provide the most complete inference on population size or responses to putative covariates, yet a simple, robust framework that allows integration and comparison of multiple data sources has been lacking. We use 27,813 counts of 35 species or species groups derived from concurrent visual transects, dung transects, and camera trap surveys in tropical forests and compare them within a generalized joint attribute modeling framework (GJAM) that both compares and integrates field‐collected dung, visual, and camera trap data to quantify the species‐ and trait‐specific differences in detection for each method. The effectiveness of survey method was strongly dependent on species, as well as animal traits. These differences in effectiveness contributed to meaningful differences in the reported strength of a known important covariate for animal communities (distance to nearest village). Data fusion through GJAM allows clear and unambiguous comparisons of the counts provided from each different methodology, the incorporation of trait information, and fusion of all three data streams to generate a more complete estimate of the effects of an anthropogenic disturbance covariate. Research and conservation resources are extremely limited, which often means that field campaigns attempt to maximize the amount of information gathered especially in remote, hard‐to‐access areas. Advances in these understudied areas will be accelerated by analytical methods that can fully leverage the total body of diverse biodiversity field data, even when they are collected using different methods. We demonstrate that survey methods vary in their effectiveness for counting species based on biological traits, but more importantly that generative models like GJAM can integrate data from multiple sources in one cohesive statistical framework to make improved inference in understudied environments.