bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultralow Electrical Hysteresis along with High Energy‐Storage Density in Lead‐Based Antiferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Huang Kaiwei , Ge Guanglong , Yan Fei , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAntiferroelectric ceramics with extraordinary energy‐storage density have gained exponentially soaring attention for their applications in pulsed power capacitors. Nevertheless, high energy dissipation is a deficiency of antiferroelectric materials. The modulation of Ba/La‐doped (Pb0.91BaxLa0.06−2x/3)(Zr0.6Sn0.4)O3 (x = 0.015, 0.03, 0.045, 0.06) antiferroelectric ceramics is aimed at increasing the energy efficiency and obtaining an ideal energy storage density. The traditional solid‐state reaction is exploited for ceramics fabrication and all prepared samples exhibit an ultralow electrical hysteresis due to the local structural heterogeneity, as verified by Raman spectroscopy. Of particular importance is the fact that the (Pb0.91Ba0.045La0.03)(Zr0.6Sn0.4)O3 ceramic possesses an excellent recoverable energy storage density (Wrec = 8.16 J cm−3) and a remarkable energy efficiency (η = 92.1%) simultaneously under an electric field of 340 kV cm−1. Moreover, the corresponding ceramic exhibits a superior discharge current density (CD = 1498.6 A cm−2), a high level of power density (PD = 202.3 MW cm−3), and a nanosecond‐level discharge period (53 ns). This provides a promising antiferroelectric material for fabricating ceramic capacitors with excellent energy storage and high power characteristics.
Roles of Oxygen Functional Groups in Carbon Nanotubes‐Supported Ag Catalysts for Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to CO
Authors: Sun Jinlong , Xu Jie , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xinsheng , Niu Dongfang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs)‐supported metal‐based catalysts applied in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2ER) have attracted extensive research recently. Nevertheless, insight into the roles of surface oxygen functional groups in these catalysts on CO2ER is still deficient. Herein, three catalysts were reasonably fabricated by chemically loading Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on the oxygenic CNTs (CNT−COOH, CNT−OH and CNT−CO) with precise tuning oxygen functional groups, and then used to explore the effect of oxygen functional groups on the electrocatalytic performance of Ag NPs for CO2ER. Compared with the other two counterparts, Ag/CNT−COOH with the highest content of carboxyl groups possesses the most uniform size and dispersion of Ag NPs and the strongest surface acidic environment, which enable it to exhibit the highest current density and Faradaic efficiency for CO production at high overpotential region (E≤−1.0 V vs. RHE). This work broadens the understanding of surface oxygen functional groups of catalysts in enhancing CO2ER performance, and provides guidance for the design and synthesis of high‐performance catalysts.
Intercalation Lithium Cobalt Oxide for the Facile Fabrication of a Sensitive Dopamine Sensor
Authors: Xu Yanxue , Gao Taotao , Liang Yaming , Xiao Dan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntercalation lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) with the properties of insertion and de‐intercalation of Li+ was utilized to fabricate the sensitive dopamine (DA) sensor, which has excellent adsorption and catalytic behavior. LCO mixed with graphite powder (LCO−G) for individual and simultaneous determination of DA and uric acid (UA) achieved the low detection limits and the wide concentration ranges without the interference of ascorbic acid (AA). For individual detection, the linear responses of DA and UA were in the concentration ranges of 0.020–20 μM and 0.500–200 μM with the detection limits of 4.0 nM and 0.18 μM (s/n=3), respectively. For simultaneous detection with UA and AA by the change of the concentrations of DA, the linear response ranges were 0.050–20 μM with the detection limit of 7.9 nM (s/n=3). The LCO−G/GCE was further applied to the detection of DA in human serum to illustrate its potential of highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensing.
A randomized phase 2 network trial of tivantinib plus cetuximab versus cetuximab in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kochanny Sara E. , Worden Francis P. , Adkins Douglas R. , Lim Dean W. , Bauman Julie E. , Wagner Stephanie A. , Brisson Ryan J. , Karrison Theodore G. , Stadler Walter M. , Vokes Everett E. , Seiwert Tanguy Y. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundMET signaling is a well described mechanism of resistance to anti‐EGFR therapy, and MET overexpression is common in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). In the current trial, the authors compared the oral MET inhibitor tivantinib (ARQ197) in combination with cetuximab (the TC arm) versus a control arm that received cetuximab monotherapy (C) in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC.MethodsIn total, 78 evaluable patients with cetuximab‐naive, platinum‐refractory HNSCC were enrolled, including 40 on the TC arm and 38 on the C arm (stratified by human papillomavirus [HPV] status). Patients received oral tivantinib 360 mg twice daily and intravenous cetuximab 500 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks. The primary outcome was the response rate (according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1), and secondary outcomes included progression‐free and overall survival. After patients progressed on the C arm, tivantinib monotherapy was optional.ResultsThe response rate was 7.5% in the TC arm (N = 3; 1 complete response) and 7.9% in the C arm (N = 3; not significantly different [NS]). The median progression‐free survival in both arms was 4 months (NS), and the median overall survival was 8 months (NS). Both treatments were well tolerated, with a trend toward increased hematologic toxicities in the TC arm (12.5% had grade 3 leukopenia). The response rate in 31 HPV‐positive/p16‐positive patients was 0% in both arms, whereas the response rate in HPV‐negative patients was 12.7% (12.5% in the TC arm and 13% in the C arm). Fifteen patients received tivantinib monotherapy, and no responses were observed.ConclusionsCombined tivantinib plus cetuximab does not significantly improve the response rate or survival compared with cetuximab alone but does increase toxicity in an unselected HNSCC population. Cetuximab responses appear to be limited to patients who have HPV‐negative HNSCC. MET‐aberration–focused trials for HNSCC and the use of higher potency, selective MET inhibitors remain of interest.
High‐Resolution Three‐Dimensional Imaging of Individual Astrocytes Using Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Testen Anze , Kim Ronald , Reissner Kathryn J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAstrocytes play numerous vital roles in the central nervous system. Accordingly, it is of merit to identify structural and functional properties of astrocytes in both health and disease. The majority of studies examining the morphology of astrocytes have employed immunoassays for markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, which are insufficient to encapsulate the considerable structural complexity of these cells. Herein, we describe a method utilizing a commercially available and validated, genetically encoded membrane‐associated fluorescent marker of astrocytes, AAV5‐GfaABC1D‐Lck‐GFP. This tool and approach allow for visualization of a single isolated astrocyte in its entirety, including fine peripheral processes. Astrocytes are imaged using confocal microscopy and reconstructed in three dimensions to obtain detailed morphometric data. We further provide an immunohistochemistry procedure to assess colocalization of isolated astrocytes with synaptic markers throughout the z‐plane. This technique, which can be utilized via a standard laboratory confocal microscope and Imaris software, allows for detailed analysis of the morphology and synaptic colocalization of astrocytes in fixed tissue. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Microinjection of AAV5‐GfaABC1D‐Lck‐GFP into the nucleus accumbens of ratsBasic Protocol 2: Tissue processing and immunohistochemistry for post‐synaptic density‐95Basic Protocol 3: Single‐cell image acquisitionBasic Protocol 4: Three‐dimensional reconstruction of single cellsBasic Protocol 5: Three‐dimensional colocalization analysis
Endozoochorous dispersal of forest seeds by carnivorous mammals in Sierra Fría, Aguascalientes, Mexico
Authors: Rubalcava‐Castillo Fabián A. , Sosa‐Ramírez Joaquín , Luna‐Ruíz José J. , Valdivia‐Flores Arturo G. , Díaz‐Núñez Vicente , Íñiguez‐Dávalos Luis I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome carnivorous mammals ingest fruit and disperse seeds of forest plant species capable of colonizing disturbed areas in ecosystems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the dissemination of Arctostaphylos pungens and Juniperus deppeana seeds by the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), coyote (Canis latrans), and other carnivores in the Protected Natural Area Sierra Fría, in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Scat collection was undertaken via transects using the direct search method, while the seasonal phenology of A. pungens and J. deppeana was evaluated by recording flower and fruit abundance on both the plant and the surrounding forest floor ground. Seed viability was assessed by optical densitometry via X‐ray and a germination test. It was found that the gray fox, coyote, ringtail (Bassariscus astutus), and bobcat (Lynx rufus) disseminated seeds of A. pungens (212 ± 48.9 seeds/scat) and J. deppeana (23.6 ± 4.9 seeds/scat), since a large proportion of the collected scat of these species contained seeds (28/30 = 93.33%, 12/43 = 27.9%, 6/12 = 50% and 7/25 = 28% respectively). The gray fox, coyote, ringtail, and bobcat presented an average of seed dispersion of both plant species of 185.4 ± 228.7, 4.0 ± 20.0, 12.1 ± 30.4, and 0.8 ± 1.5 per scat; the seed proportions in the gray fox, coyote, ringtail, and bobcat were 89.6/10.4%, 82.3/17.7%, 90.4/9.6%, and 38.1/61.9% for A. pungens and J. deppeana, respectively. The phenology indicated a finding related to the greater abundance of ripe fruit in autumn and winter (p < .01). This coincided with the greater abundance of seeds found in scats during these seasons. Endozoochory and diploendozoochory enhanced the viability and germination of the seeds (p > .05), except in those of A. pungens dispersed by coyote. These results suggest that carnivores, particularly the gray fox, the coyote, and the bobcat, play an important role in forest seed dissemination, and thus forest regeneration, by making both a quantitative and qualitative contribution to the dispersal of the two pioneer species under study.
Optimization of percutaneous biopsy for diagnosis and pretreatment risk assessment of neuroblastoma
Authors: Overman Richard E. , Kartal Tanvi T. , Cunningham Aaron J. , Fialkowski Elizabeth A. , Naik‐Mathuria Bindi J. , Vasudevan Sanjeev A. , Malek Marcus M. , Kalsi Ranjeet , Le Hau D. , Stafford Linda Cherney , Lautz Timothy B. , Many Benjamin T. , Jones Rachel E. , Bütter Andreana , Davidson Jacob , Williams Andrew , Dasgupta Roshni , Lewis Jana , Troutt Misty , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Mansfield Sara A. , Lal Dave R. , Xiao Jerry , Meyers Rebecka L. , Short Scott S. , Newman Erika A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundImage‐guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) is increasingly utilized to diagnose solid tumors. The objective of this study is to determine whether PCNB is adequate for modern biologic characterization of neuroblastoma.ProcedureA multi‐institutional retrospective study was performed by the Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative on children with neuroblastoma at 12 institutions over a 3‐year period. Data collected included demographics, clinical details, biopsy technique, complications, and adequacy of biopsies for cytogenetic markers utilized by the Children's Oncology Group for risk stratification.ResultsA total of 243 children were identified with a diagnosis of neuroblastoma: 79 (32.5%) tumor excision at diagnosis, 94 (38.7%) open incisional biopsy (IB), and 70 (28.8%) PCNB. Compared to IB, there was no significant difference in ability to accurately obtain a primary diagnosis by PCNB (95.7% vs 98.9%, P = .314) or determine MYCN copy number (92.4% vs 97.8%, P = .111). The yield for loss of heterozygosity and tumor ploidy was lower with PCNB versus IB (56.1% vs 90.9%, P < .05; and 58.0% vs. 88.5%, P < .05). Complications did not differ between groups (2.9 % vs 3.3%, P = 1.000), though the PCNB group had fewer blood transfusions and lower opioid usage. Efficacy of PCNB was improved for loss of heterozygosity when a pediatric pathologist evaluated the fresh specimen for adequacy.ConclusionsPCNB is a less invasive alternative to open biopsy for primary diagnosis and MYCN oncogene status in patients with neuroblastoma. Our data suggest that PCNB could be optimized for complete genetic analysis by standardized protocols and real‐time pathology assessment of specimen quality.
Addressing the challenges of modeling the scattering from bottlebrush polymers in solution
Authors: Sunday Daniel F. , Martin Tyler B. , Chang Alice B. , Burns Adam B. , Grubbs Robert H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSmall‐angle scattering measurements of complex macromolecules in solution are used to establish relationships between chemical structure and conformational properties. Interpretation of the scattering data requires an inverse approach where a model is chosen and the simulated scattering intensity from that model is iterated to match the experimental scattering intensity. This raises challenges in the case where the model is an imperfect approximation of the underlying structure, or where there are significant correlations between model parameters. We examine three bottlebrush polymers (consisting of polynorbornene backbone and polystyrene side chains) in a good solvent using a model commonly applied to this class of polymers: the flexible cylinder model. Applying a series of constrained Monte‐Carlo Markov Chain analyses demonstrates the severity of the correlations between key parameters and the presence of multiple close minima in the goodness of fit space. We demonstrate that a shape‐agnostic model can fit the scattering with significantly reduced parameter correlations and less potential for complex, multimodal parameter spaces. We provide recommendations to improve the analysis of complex macromolecules in solution, highlighting the value of Bayesian methods. This approach provides richer information for understanding parameter sensitivity compared to methods which produce a single, best fit.
Soil production and the soil geomorphology legacy of Grove Karl Gilbert
Authors: Richter Daniel D. , Eppes Martha‐Cary , Austin Jason C. , Bacon Allan R. , Billings Sharon A. , Brecheisen Zachary , Ferguson Terry A. , Markewitz Daniel , Pachon Julio , Schroeder Paul A. , Wade Anna M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGeomorphologists are quantifying the rates of an important component of bedrock's weathering in research that needs wide discussion among soil scientists. By using cosmogenic nuclides, geomorphologists estimate landscapes’ physical lowering, which, in a steady landscape, equates to upward transfers of weathered rock into slowly moving hillslope‐soil creep. Since the 1990s, these processes have been called “soil production” or “mobile regolith production”. In this paper, we assert the importance of a fully integrated pedological and geomorphological approach not only to soil creep but to soil, regolith, and landscape evolution; we clarify terms to facilitate soil geomorphology collaboration; and we seek a greater understanding of our sciences’ history. We show how the legacy of Grove Karl Gilbert extend across soil geomorphology. We interpret three contrasting soils and regoliths in the USA's Southern Piedmont in the context of a Gilbert‐inspired model of weathering and transport, a model of regolith evolution and of nonsteady systems that liberate particles and solutes from bedrock and transport them across the landscape. This exercise leads us to conclude that the Southern Piedmont is a region with soils and regoliths derived directly from weathering bedrock below (a regional paradigm for more than a century) but that the Piedmont also has significant areas in which regoliths are at least partly formed from paleo‐colluvia that may be massive in volume and overlie organic‐enriched layers, peat, and paleo‐saprolite. An explicitly integrated study of soil geomorphology can accelerate our understanding of soil, regoliths, and landscape evolution in all physiographic regions.
Evaluation of the effect of optimal fit criteria on the compressive strength of open mortise and tenon corner joints
Authors: Elek László , Kovács Zsolt , Csóka Levente , Agarwal Charu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study examines the degree of deviation from the nominal size of the produced open full-width mortise and tenon joint elements for their optimal pairing based on the measured thickness and gap width data. The characteristics of the measuring devices used were analysed by the repeatability and reproducibility test. The compressive strength of the single-glued joints (where only the surfaces of the tenon were glued) and double-glued joints (where the surfaces of both the mortise and tenon elements were glued) for various joint fit categories was also determined. It was found that despite the huge number of produced test specimens and their measurements, the joint fits could be maintained with the milling machine and tools. The thickness of the joint could be characterized by measuring the data at the centre of the tenon, whereas the gap width of the mortise could be characterized by measuring the data on the side of the tool leaving the wood. The double-glued joints showed higher breaking force and displacement values as compared to the single-glued joints. The joints were found to be the strongest at a tight fit of 0.1 mm.
Theorem Proving for Pointwise Metric Temporal Logic Over the Naturals via Translations
Authors: Hustadt Ullrich , Ozaki Ana , Dixon Clare 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study translations from metric temporal logic (MTL) over the natural numbers to linear temporal logic (LTL). In particular, we present two approaches for translating from MTL to LTL which preserve the complexity of the satisfiability problem for MTL. In each of these approaches we consider the case where the mapping between states and time points is given by (i) a strict monotonic function and by (ii) a non-strict monotonic function (which allows multiple states to be mapped to the same time point). We use this logic to model examples from robotics, traffic management, and scheduling, discussing the effects of different modelling choices. Our translations allow us to utilise LTL solvers to solve satisfiability and we empirically compare the translations, showing in which cases one performs better than the other. We also define a branching-time version of the logic and provide translations into computation tree logic.
Explaining Health Disparities between Heterosexual and LGB Adolescents by Integrating the Minority Stress and Psychological Mediation Frameworks: Findings from the TRAILS Study
Authors: Kiekens Wouter , la Roi Chaïm , Bos Henny M. W. , Kretschmer Tina , van Bergen Diana D. , Veenstra René 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents experience elevated levels of internalizing problems and use more substances than heterosexual adolescents. The minority stress and psychological mediation framework are complementary theoretical frameworks that were developed to explain these disparities. However, limited empirical research has integrated both frameworks to study health disparities between heterosexual and LGB adolescents. This study attempts such an integration, using data from the first five waves (participant age 11–22) of the TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a cohort study of Dutch adolescents (N = 1738; 151 LGB; 54.8% girls). It was tested whether an LGB identity was linked to internalizing problems and substance use through a serial mediation process, in which sexual identity would be associated with peer victimization and negative relationships with parents (first set of mediators, in keeping with the minority stress framework), which in turn would be associated with fear of negative social evaluation and a lack of social support (second set of mediators, in keeping with the psychological mediation framework), and eventually increasing the risk for internalizing problems and elevated levels of substance use. Moreover, it was tested whether the link between minority stress and substance use was mediated by peers’ substance use levels, as hypothesized by the psychological mediation framework. Compared to heterosexual participants, LGB participants reported more internalizing problems, smoked more cigarettes, and used more marijuana, but did not consume more alcohol. The relation between sexual identity and internalizing problems was mediated by peer victimization and parental rejection, which is in line with the minority stress framework. No statistically significant support was found for the psychological mediation framework. These findings provide a better understanding of the pathways through which sexual identity disparities in mental wellbeing and substance use come about.
Direct perception in context: radical empiricist reflections on the medium
Authors: van Dijk Ludger , Kiverstein Julian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRadical empiricists at the turn of the twentieth century described organisms as experiencing the relations they maintain with their surroundings prior to any analytic separation from their environment. They notably avoided separating perception of the material environment from social life. This perspective on perceptual experience was to prove the inspiration for Gibson’s ecological approach to perceptual psychology. Gibson provided a theory of how the direct perception of the organism-environment relation is possible. Central to his account was the notion of a medium for direct perception. However Gibson provided two mutually inconsistent accounts of the medium leading to problems for his radical empiricism. We develop an account of the medium that does justice to ecological psychology’s radical empiricist roots. To complement this account of the medium we detail a usage-based account of information. Together they allow us to propose a novel radical empiricist view of direct perception. We then return to the notion of medium and expand it to include sociomaterial practices. We show how direct perception happens in the midst of social life, and is made possible by an active achieving and maintaining of a pragmatic relation with the environment.
Marine Algae as Natural Indicator of Environmental Cleanliness
Authors: Parus Anna , Karbowska Bożena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlgae are widely distributed in the aquatic environment. In the analyzed algae from the Black Sea, metals like cadmium, iron, zinc, copper, lead, and thallium were present. From all of the analyzed elements in the algae, iron was present at the highest concentrations. The presented study confirmed that thallium is accumulated in relatively large quantities (1.60–2.12 μg g−1) by all the studied algae. Cadmium and copper were accumulated at the same level (1.98 μg g−1), which was lower in comparison to the average concentrations determined in the analyzed plant material. The average amounts of zinc were at 0.21 μg g−1 for Ulva. High possibility of accumulation of metals by Ulva and Cystoseira allows to use them as a natural indicator of environmental cleanliness.