bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar urticaria: Clinic, diagnostic, course and therapy management in 27 patients
Authors: Gaebelein‐Wissing Noemi , Ellenbogen Eran , Lehmann Percy 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBackground and objectivesSolar urticaria is a rare photodermatosis, the diagnosis and therapy of which have not yet been standardized. The aim of this research was to use innovative radiation sources for diagnostics with defined and reproducible emission spectra and doses. A uniform therapy step scheme was to be created.Patients and methodsIn a longitudinal study, 27 patients with solar urticaria were examined over 13 years. With a characteristic anamnesis, the diagnosis was confirmed with phototesting (photoprovocation) from various radiation sources (UVB, UVB311nm, UVA, UVA‐1, green light, red light) and a therapy step scheme was designed consisting of light protection, antihistamines, rush hardening with UVA‐1, and administration of omalizumab.ResultsAction spectrum: UVB 44 %, UVA 70 %, UVA‐1 89 %, green light 37 % and red light 22 %. Rush hardening with subsequent maintenance therapy was performed on 20 patients, 17 of whom were hereby adequately protected. In three further patients, omalizumab was additionally administered.ConclusionsPhototesting with UVB, UVB311nm, UVA, UVA‐1, and visible light with innovative radiation sources is uniformly possible in every major skin clinic. With the help of the therapy step scheme the patients can be adjusted well. Rush hardening with UVA‐1 is a safe method to help the patients during the sunny season. Omalizumab as the last therapy option is effective, but currently only possible in off‐label use.
‘If You Fall, Stand Up Again’: The Moral Nature of Financial Literacy in the Global South
Authors: Bylander Maryann , Res Phasy 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTOver the past decade a range of development actors have begun to implement financial literacy training in low‐income countries. These programmes have become a key pillar of financial inclusion projects targeting the rural poor but, to date, they have received little scholarly attention. This article draws on ethnographic observation of two financial literacy programmes implemented by microfinance institutions in Cambodia to examine the current practices of financial education in the global South. The findings highlight that while financial literacy training purports to be a technical, skill‐building intervention aimed at enabling knowledge, its practices work primarily to impress upon borrowers moral lessons associated with creditworthiness, while also stressing individual responsibility for debt stress. In this way, it furthers the goals of financial providers, but fails to address the complex and real problems of debt stress. The authors suggest that financial literacy, at least where it is enacted by microfinance providers, is unlikely to moderate the problems of over‐indebtedness faced by rural borrowers.
The JUBILE cohort: Quality of life after more than 40 years with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Altman Jean‐Jacques , Niarra Ralph , Balkau Beverley , Vincent‐Cassy Christophe ,   for the JUBILE Research Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing, and more people are going to live many years with the disease. Quality of life might become the most challenging long‐term complication. The JUBILE study describes the quality of life of people living with type 1 diabetes for more than 40 years.MethodsPatients were recruited from 35 French regional or university hospitals: patients and physicians completed questionnaires, validated by the Delphi method. From 1200 questionnaires circulated, 808 patients and their physicians returned questionnaires.ResultsThe duration of type 1 diabetes was 49 ± 6 years (mean±SD), age at diagnosis 15 ± 10 years, HbA1c 7.4 ± 0.9% [58 ± 10 mmol/mol] and 52% were men. Macrovascular disease was present in 32%, 46% had no or only mild non proliferative retinopathy. Insulin pumps were used by 25% and insulin pen/syringe users injected 3.9 ± 2.1 times per day. Blood glucose was self monitored at least five times per day by 67% of patients. Men had 1.8 ± 1.2 children, women 1.4 ± 1.0. More than half (55%) of this population was working, 38% had a university degree. Patients still had a busy life, going out (59%), eating out (82%), playing sports (38%) and travelling (66%). No differences appeared based on age, duration of diabetes, demography or social features.ConclusionsLiving a long and pleasant life is possible with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes does not prevent people from having children, working at highly qualified jobs, travelling abroad: a message of hope that is comforting for patients, their family, relatives and the medical teams.
Cool‐season grass productivity estimation model evaluating the effects of global warming and climate adaptation strategies
Authors: Tarumi Erina , Tsuiki Mikinori , Mori Akinori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVarious climate adaptation strategies are being studied for the agricultural sector to address the effects of climate change. Global warming is predicted to have a significant influence on cool‐season grass production in Japan in terms of decreasing grass dry matter yield. The authors have studied adaptation strategies to maintain grass dry matter yield using orchardgrass, a cool‐season grass. However, it may be difficult to adapt to future climate conditions using management methods such as fertilizer application or changing grassland renovation cycles using only one grass species. In this study, a model was constructed formulating the relationship between temperature and yields of the main cool‐season grasses in Japan, and the effects of global warming on grass productivity were predicted. Two models were constructed, and the optimal one was selected using Akaike's information criterion. The selected model was then validated using correlations with observation data. We also compared areas suitable for cultivation at current and higher temperatures, which were produced as maps using the selected model. Bahiagrass, which is a warm‐season grass, was suitable for cultivation in coastal areas in southern Kanto under increased temperature condition. It may be useful, therefore, to convert to heat‐resistant grasses, such as orchardgrass or tall fescue, as temperatures rise.
Low awareness of and willingness to use PrEP in the Chinese YMSM: An alert in YMSM HIV prevention
Authors: Cui Zhuang , Huang Huijie , Zhang Tiantian , Yu Zeyang , Zhang Honglu , Yao Tingting , Song Desheng , Chen Yang , Peixoto Elissa , Wang Chun , Wang Xiaomeng , Yang Jie , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Changping , Ma Jun 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesDespite being a key population in whom to initiate pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the awareness of and willingness to use PrEP are still unclear in Chinese young men who have sex with men (YMSM). We report factors associated with PrEP awareness and willingness in the population.MethodsFrom 1 August to 31 December 2018, 495 participants aged 15–24 years were included in a cross‐sectional study about awareness of and willingness to use PrEP among YMSM. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with two outcomes: awareness of PrEP; and willingness to use PrEP.ResultsAmong 495 eligible participants, 129 participants (26.1%) knew about PrEP. PrEP awareness among YMSM was associated with higher education level [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.812, 95% CI: 1.113–2.951] and previous HIV testing (aOR = 3.507, 95% CI: 1.261–9.752). YMSM with shorter local residence time (aOR = 0.317, 95% CI: 0.101–0.992) and internet‐based partner‐seeking (aOR = 0.171, 95% CI: 0.096–0.305) were less likely to be aware of PrEP. In those with previous knowledge of PrEP, 36 (27.9%) conveyed their willingness to use it. PrEP willingness was associated with internet‐based partner‐seeking (aOR = 9.593, 95% CI: 1.965–46.844). The main barriers influencing those who knew about PrEP but refused to use it were the high price of PrEP (69.9%), the need to use condoms consistently (52.7%), and concerns about side effects (39.8%) and effectiveness of prevention (22.6%).ConclusionsChinese YMSM have low awareness of and willingness to use PrEP. Adequate PrEP promotions should be implemented, especially on the Internet and dating software.
Palynological record of the Cretaceous ZKD14 core (Songliao Basin, Northeast China) and its paleoclimatic significance
Authors: Xu Zenglian , Yang Jun , Tang Chao , Wei Jialin , Zeng Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo better understand the vegetation and possible paleoclimate change, we recovered a palynological record obtained from the ZKD14 core covering from the Sifangtai and Mingshui Formations in the northern Songliao Basin, northeastern China. Based on the abundance and variations in determined palynomorphs, two palynological assemblages can be distinguished, including Schizaeoisporites–bisaccate–Tricolporopollenites and Taxodiaceaepollenites–bisaccate–Tricolporopollenites. These palynological assemblages are assigned to the late Campanian–Maastrichtian stage based on the geological range of some important elements and the correlation with relevant assemblages of other areas. In this paper, we applied a sporopollen–climate transforming methodology, which uses the percentage of xerophytic and thermophilic taxa to indicate stratigraphic trends of humidity and temperature, respectively. Then two vegetation and paleoclimate phases were reconstructed based on the ecological habits of the parent plant, as well as the abundance variation in xerophytic and thermophilic taxa: (i) The vegetation type was interpreted to reflect a mixed conifer forest with varying pteridophytes landscape, presenting a hot and arid subtropic climate during the Sifangtai to lower part of member 2 of the Mingshui Formations. (ii) The vegetation type was characterized by a conifer‐dominant landscape. Accordingly, the climate turned more humid and colder during the upper part of member 2 of the Mingshui Formation. The global cooling event (Campanian–Maastrichtian Boundary Event: CMBE) which occurred between 72.0–70.0 Ma appears to have an important influence on the climatic condition of Songliao Basin.
Relationships between the bacterial diversity and metabolites of a Chinese fermented pork product, sour meat
Authors: Lv Jing , Xu Wenhuan , Ji Chaofan , Liang Huipeng , Li Shengjie , Yang Zhaoxia , Zhang Sufang , Lin Xinping 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe present study evaluated the relationship between the bacterial diversity and metabolites of various sour meats, a traditional fermented meat product. The results showed that sour meats had a low pH (average of 4.34), low water activity (aw, an average of 0.917), and high lactic acid (~19 177.48 mg kg−1) and free amino acid (FAA) (~4047.65 mg kg−1) concentrations. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especiallyLactobacillusandWeissella, were predominated in the samples. The alcohols, aldehydes and esters accounted for the major components of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Of which, (E)‐2‐octenal, nerol, cis‐4‐decenal, tetradecanal, linalyl acetate, linalool, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, hexanal, 1‐heptanol, benzaldehyde and (E)‐2‐decenal were considered as the key VOCs of sour meats. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that LAB (LactobacillusandWeissella) and salt were positively correlated with most FAAs and VOCs. Overall, higher salinity, lowerawand abundant LAB might be the indicators of good sour meat quality.
Association of gut microbiome with fasting triglycerides, fasting insulin and obesity status in Mexican children
Authors: Vazquez‐Moreno Miguel , Perez‐Herrera Aleyda , Locia‐Morales Daniel , Dizzel Sara , Meyre David , Stearns Jennifer C. , Cruz Miguel 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe association of gut microbiota with obesity and its cardio‐metabolic complications in paediatric populations is still controversial.ObjectiveWe investigated the association of obesity and cardio‐metabolic traits with gut microbiota on 167 and 163 children with normal weight and obesity from Mexico City and Oaxaca, Mexico.MethodsAnthropometric and biochemical traits were measured. The microbial communities were determined by high‐throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene v3‐v4 region.ResultsThe gut microbial community structure was associated with obesity and fasting plasma insulin (FPI) in Mexico City (PObesity= 0.012, PFPI= 0.0003) and Oaxaca (PObesity= 0.034, PFPI= 0.016), and with triglycerides (TG) in Oaxaca (P= .0002). The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was positively associated with TG in Oaxaca (P= .003). Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla were positively and negatively associated with obesity (Mexico City: PFirmicutes= 0.013, PBacteroidetes= 0.009) and TG (Oaxaca: PFirmicutes= 0.002, PBacteroidetes= 0.004). In Oaxaca, Verrucomicrobia was negatively associated with obesity (P= .004). In Mexico City, the bacterial genusFusicatenibacter,Romboutsia, Ruminococcaceae,Ruminiclostridium, Blautia,Clostridium,AnaerostipesandIntestinibacterwere associated with obesity and FPI, while in Oaxaca,Bacteroides,AlistipesandClostridiumwere associated with TG.ConclusionThe gut microbial community structure in children is associated with obesity and FPI in Mexico City, and with obesity, FPI and TG in Oaxaca.
Risk factors for urolithiasis in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Miyajima Shigero , Ishii Tatsu , Watanabe Masato , Ueki Toshiharu , Tanaka Masatoshi 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo study the risk factors for urolithiasis in patients with Crohn’s disease.MethodsThis retrospective study included 1071 patients with Crohn’s disease who were treated at a single center. Data pertaining to the following variables were analyzed: sex; age; type of Crohn’s disease; number of intestinal resections; residual small intestine length; ileostomy; history of glucocorticoid therapy; and duration of Crohn’s disease treatment.ResultsOf the 1071 patients, 34 (28 male and six female) had urolithiasis (urolithiasis group) and 1037 (711 male and 326 female) did not (non‐urolithiasis group). The median residual small intestine length measured in the urolithiasis group (280.0 cm) was significantly shorter than that in the non‐urolithiasis group (342.5 cm; P < 0.01). Significantly more patients in the urolithiasis group (14/34) received steroid medication than those in the non‐urolithiasis group (213/1037; P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, male sex (odds ratio 3.15; P < 0.05), history of glucocorticoid therapy (odds ratio 3.07; P < 0.05), and shorter residual small intestine length (odds ratio 0.99; P < 0.01) were risk factors for the development of urolithiasis in patients with Crohn’s disease.ConclusionOur results suggest that male sex, history of glucocorticoid therapy, and shorter residual small intestine length are risk factors for urolithiasis in patients with Crohn’s disease.
The impact of an online adult headache guideline on headache referrals to the neurology clinic
Authors: Huang Leon , Bourke David , Ranta Annemarei 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHeadache is a common problem in primary care and one of the main reasons general practitioners (GP) consult the neurology service. We developed an online adult headache guideline (Supporting Information Appendix S1) for the greater Wellington Region as a resource for GP to guide identification of concerning headaches, initiation of prophylactic medications for migraine and management of analgesic overuse headache.AimsTo examine the effectiveness of this adult headache guideline in reducing demand on the neurology outpatient service for headache patients that could readily be managed in primary care.MethodsWe reviewed electronic referrals to Wellington Hospital's neurology department before and after the implementation of the online headache guideline. The primary outcome was the proportion of referrals for headache. Secondary outcomes included proportion of referrals requiring clinic review, rate of pre‐referral trial of headache prophylactic medication and medication overuse headache diagnosed at neurological consultation.ResultsNine hundred neurology referrals before and 801 referrals after the publication of the online headache guideline were included. There was a statistically significant reduction in proportion of referrals for headache (15.4% vs 11.7%; P = 0.026). There was neither an increased rate of pre‐referral adequate prophylactic medication trial (33.8% vs 27.7%; P = 0.320) nor fewer medication overuse headaches diagnosed during the neurology assessment (21.9% vs 25.0%; P = 0.674).ConclusionThe launch of an online headache guideline was associated with a reduction in demand on neurology service. Further education could improve the utilisation of this guideline, to avoid delays in prophylactic treatment and reduce the harm of medication overuse.
Screening for diabetic retinopathy and reduced vision among Indigenous Australians in Top End primary care health services: a TEAMSnet sub‐study
Authors: Quinn Nicola , Yang Feibi , Ryan Christopher , Bursell Sven‐Erik , Keech Anthony , Atkinson‐Briggs Sharon , Jenkins Alicia , Brazionis Laima ,   Centre of Research Excellence in Diabetic Retinopathy Study and TEAMSnet Study Groups
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence is higher in Indigenous Australians than in other Australians and is a major cause of vision loss. Consequently, timely screening and treatment is paramount, and annual eye screening is recommended for Indigenous Australians.AimsTo assess the prevalence of DR, reduced vision and DR treatment coverage among Indigenous Australian adults with diabetes attending Top End indigenous primary care health services.MethodsA cross‐sectional DR screening study conducted from November 2013 to December 2015 in two very remote Northern Territory Aboriginal primary healthcare services.ResultsIn 287 subjects, the prevalence of non‐proliferative DR, proliferative DR and clinically significant diabetic macular oedema was 37.3%, 5.4% and 9.0% respectively. Treatment coverage for PDR was 60% (of 10 patients) and for CSMO was 17% (of 23 patients). Vision data were available from 122 participants at one site. The proportion with normal vision, reduced vision, impaired vision and blindness was 31.1%, 52.5%, 15.6% and 0.8% respectively. Overall, ungradable monocular image sets (46%) were associated with poorer quality images and missing protocol images (both P < 0.001). Ungradable images for DR were associated with presence of small pupils/media opacities (P < 0.001). Ungradable images for diabetic macular oedema were associated with poorer image quality (P < 0.001), cataracts (P < 0.001) and small pupils (P = 0.04).ConclusionsA high prevalence of DR, CSMO and impaired vision was noted in Indigenous Australians with diabetes. Screening in primary care is feasible, but more effective screening methods are needed.
Prescription trends and costs of diabetes medications in Australia between 2003 and 2019: an analysis and review of the literature
Authors: Cieslik Luke K. , Cresswell Nikki R. , Fineberg Daniel , Mariani Justin A. , Patel Hitesh C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince the turn of the century, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Australia has increased, primarily due to rising rates of Type 2 diabetes. Simultaneously, the landscape of diabetes medications has evolved significantly. The change in prescribing trends and public spending on diabetes medications within Australia during this period are not well defined.AimsTo establish the frequency and cost of dispensed diabetes medications in the Australian public healthcare system between 2003 and 2019.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal nationwide observational study using data obtained from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Schedule websites, which contain information on frequency and spending of diabetes medications dispensed in Australia.ResultsThe total number of PBS‐subsidised prescriptions dispensed for diabetes increased from 5 218 690 in 2003 to 12 188 568 in 2019, and spending increased from $117 241 031 to $598 904 983. Of the non‐insulin agents, metformin was consistently the most frequently dispensed agent, with a rapid growth in metformin combination tablets. Dispensation of sulphonylureas and thiazolidinediones have declined, with a simultaneous increase in dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists.ConclusionsOur data show a large growth in the use of diabetes medications between 2003 and 2019. The rapid growth in dispensing of drugs with proven cardiovascular and renal benefits reflect the evolving approach of diabetes treatment, from a historical approach targeting glycaemic control alone, to a modern individualised approach targeting specific co‐morbidities.
From thymus to periphery: Molecular basis of effector γδ‐T cell differentiation
Authors: Fiala Gina J. , Gomes Anita Q. , Silva‐Santos Bruno 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe contributions of γδ T cells to immune (patho)physiology in many pre‐clinical mouse models have been associated with their rapid and abundant provision of two critical cytokines, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐17A (IL‐17). These are typically produced by distinct effector γδ T cell subsets that can be segregated on the basis of surface expression levels of receptors such as CD27, CD44 or CD45RB, among others. Unlike conventional T cells that egress the thymus as naïve lymphocytes awaiting further differentiation upon activation, a large fraction of murine γδ T cells commits to either IFN‐γ or IL‐17 expression during thymic development. However, extrathymic signals can both regulate pre‐programmed γδ T cells; and induce peripheral differentiation of naïve γδ T cells into effectors. Here we review the key cellular events of “developmental pre‐programming” in the mouse thymus; and the molecular basis for effector function maintenance vs plasticity in the periphery. We highlight some of our contributions towards elucidating the role of T cell receptor, co‐receptors (like CD27 and CD28) and cytokine signals (such as IL‐1β and IL‐23) in these processes, and the various levels of gene regulation involved, from the chromatin landscape to microRNA‐based post‐transcriptional control of γδ T cell functional plasticity.
Individual cognitive style affects flood‐risk perception and mitigation intentions
Authors: Spaccatini Federica , Pancani Luca , Richetin Juliette , Riva Paolo , Sacchi Simona 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRisk perception of natural hazards has been widely studied as one of the potential determinants of people's behaviors and behavioral intentions. However, individual differences can also affect risk perception. The present work focused on the link between an individual cognitive mindset (i.e., level of holism) and flood‐risk perception. It also assessed the consequences of such a link on public and personal mitigation intentions, taking into account the sense of connection with the environment, the psychological distance from the adverse event, and the role played by previous personal experience with flooding. Our study (N = 191) showed that the individual cognitive style predicted risk perceptions and personal (for both experienced and no‐experience groups) and public (only for experienced group) mitigation intentions, through the mediation of the sense of connection with the environment and the psychological distance from the adverse event. Results are discussed in terms of their practical implications for public communication and policies about environmental hazards.