bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐variant focusing range‐angle dependent beampattern synthesis by uniform circular frequency diverse array radar
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan , Shi Zhiguo , Zhou Chengwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe beam steering of phased array (PA) radar is fixed in one direction for all the ranges, thus the resulting beampattern is angle‐dependent but range‐independent. Compared with the PA radar, the frequency diverse array (FDA) radar can achieve range‐angle dependent beampattern by employing a small frequency increment across the array elements. Numerous studies have been conducted using linear FDAs, while other array configurations are seldom studied. On the other hand, the range‐angle dependent beampattern generated by the FDA is also time‐variant. However, previous studies on time‐invariant spatial‐focusing FDA beampatterns neglected the propagation process of the transmitted signals, leading the focused beampattern difficult to achieve when the transmit delay caused by wave propagation is considered. Taking the time‐variant property of the FDA beampatterns into consideration, in this study, we propose a novel uniform circular FDA (UC‐FDA) radar for short‐range beampattern synthesis. The UC‐FDA radar has the ability to scan azimuthally through 360°, which is a potential solution for applications requiring three‐dimensional beam steering. Furthermore, the proposed UC‐FDA radar adopts a pulse‐dependent non‐linear frequency offsets based on logistic map, together with multi‐carrier technique to achieve a dot‐shaped time‐variant focusing beampattern with minimum sidelobe levels and high‐resolution. The effectiveness of the proposed UC‐FDA radar is validated with simulated experiments.
Prototheca from bovine milk and associated minimal algaecide concentration of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Jui-Chun , Hsieh Yi-Feng , Chuang Shih-Te 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective Protothecal mastitis has emerged and affected the dairy industries globally in last decades; however, little is known about the occurrence of Prototheca in Taiwan. The present study identified the Prototheca isolated from bovine milk and revealed the algaecide efficacy of 2 disinfectants.
Material and methods From 2011 to 2014, a total of 176 Prototheca isolates were obtained from 10 625 milk samples collected from dairy cows in 24 Taiwanese dairy farms. Of these, 149 isolates were identified by biochemical tests and genotype differentiation with a specific PCR protocol. Minimal algaecide concentration (MAC) of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine were obtained from 16 isolates by microdilution method.
Results Almost all (n = 147) isolates were P. zopfii, and remaining 2 isolates were P. wickerhamii and unidentified, respectively. Based on molecular genotyping, all P. zopfii isolates belonged to genotype 2. The MAC of 2 commonly used disinfectants, chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine, against 16 P. zopfii isolates was 1.56–3.13 and 48.83–390.63 µg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion This report revealed for the first time the prevalence and the predominant P. zopfii genotype 2 of bovine protothecal infection in Taiwan. In vitro algaecide efficacy indicated that both tested disinfectants were effective against P. zopfii.
Prävalenz von Immunglobulin E gegen kreuzreagierende Kohlenhydrat-Seitenketten (CCD) und die Wirkung eines Blockers im saisonalen In-vitro-Allergietest
Authors: Mohammaddavoodi Amirhossein , Panakova Lucia , Christian Maria , Burgener Iwan , Müller Elisabeth , Wagner Regina 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Kreuzreagierende Kohlenhydrat-Seitenketten (cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants, CCD) führen bei In-vitro-Allergietests zum Nachweis von IgE gegen saisonale Allergene zu polypositiven Ergebnissen. Falsch-positive/klinisch irrelevante Resultate aufgrund der Bindung von Immunglobulin IgE an CCD (Anti-CCD-IgE) wurden bei Pollenallergenen identifiziert. Bisher fehlten Studien über das Phänomen bei Katzen. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die Prävalenz der Polysensibilisierung in Serumproben und die Auswirkung eines CCD-Inhibitors/Blockers bei multipositiven, saisonalen Allergietestergebnissen bei Katzen zu evaluieren.
Material und Methoden Insgesamt wurden 472 Katzenseren berücksichtigt, die für einen Allergietest zum Nachweis von IgE gegen saisonale Allergene (ELISA basierend auf der Fc-Epsilon-Rezeptor-Technologie) von Juli 2017 bis Juni 2018 eingeschickt wurden. Die Proben wurden in die polypositive Gruppe A und die nicht polypositive Gruppe B eingeteilt. Seren der Gruppe A wurden nach Zugabe eines modifizierten Glykoprotein-Pflanzenextrakts (Blocker) erneut getestet. Um die Auswirkung des Blockers auf jedes Allergen zu bestimmen, wurden die Ergebnisse bei 48 zufällig ausgewählten Proben vor und nach dem Blocken analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die Polysensibilisierung wurde bei 137 (29 %) Serumproben ohne Abhängigkeit von den Jahreszeiten festgestellt. Durch das Blocken wurde die Bindung von Anti-CCD-IgE an Allergenen eliminiert und das Testergebnis entweder negativ (49 %) oder um 1–4 Reaktionsklassen erniedrigt (41 %), was die zusätzliche Präsenz von klinisch relevanten allergenspezifischen IgE anzeigt. Der Anteil an negativen Testreaktionen nach dem Blocken war beim 6-Gräser-Mix (31 %), Roggen (23 %) und Sauerampfer (25 %) viel geringer im Vergleich zu Weide und Birke-Hasel (67 %), Brennnessel und Beifuß-Ragweed (65 %) sowie Spitzwegerich (54 %).
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Für eine verbesserte Qualität des In-vitro-Allergietests auf IgE gegen saisonale Allergene sollte das Blocken bei multipositiven Ergebnissen angewendet werden, um zu vermeiden, dass bei der allergenspezifischen Immuntherapie (ASIT) klinisch nicht relevante Allergene zum Einsatz kommen.
Granulomatöse Pleuritis und Chylothorax durch Kalzitinhalation bei einem Galgo Español
Authors: Kramer Sonja , Wohlsein Peter , Schmitz Inge , Drumm Ilva , Spies Nadja , Lockemann Ute , Nickel Rafael 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungEin 6-jähriger Galgo-Español-Rüde wurde aufgrund hochgradiger Dyspnoe vorgestellt. Nach röntgenologischer und sonografischer Diagnose eines Thoraxergusses erfolgte eine Thorakozentese, bei der 4 l milchig-rötliche Flüssigkeit abgesogen wurden. Die klinisch-chemische Analyse ergab ein modifiziertes Transsudat mit erhöhtem Triglyzeridgehalt, bei der zytologischen Untersuchung zeigten sich degenerierte neutrophile Granulozyten, einige Lymphozyten und Makrophagen sowie Chylomikronen. Es wurde eine Thoraxdrainage gelegt. Aufgrund des computertomografischen Befunds vergrößerter Sternallymphknoten und verdickter parietaler und viszeraler Pleuralblätter bei unauffälligem Lungengewebe fiel die Entscheidung zur Thorakoskopie, bei der disseminierte herdförmige Proliferationen an der Pleura auffielen. Die histopathologische Untersuchung von Bioptaten ergab eine granulomatöse Pleuritis mit Hinweis auf intraläsionales, polarisationsoptisch anisotropes Fremdmaterial. Durch die energiedispersive Röntgenmikroanalyse wurden rasterelektronenmikroskopisch stark kalziumhaltige Fremdmaterialien in den granulomatösen Herden nachgewiesen. Die erweiterte Anamnese ergab, dass der Hund 15 Monate zuvor einige Zeit in unmittelbarer Nähe einer Baustelle gelebt hatte und kalkzementhaltige Stäube eingeatmet haben könnte. Eine Behandlung mit Prednisolon wurde nach 10 Wochen wegen gastrointestinaler Nebenwirkungen abgesetzt. Nach weiteren 4 Monaten kam es zu einem Rezidiv des Chylothorax. Der erneute Versuch einer immunsuppressiven Therapie mit Prednisolon und Ciclosporin musste wieder wegen Nebenwirkungen abgesetzt werden. Im weiteren Verlauf entwickelte der Hund eine Pneumonie und wurde auf Wunsch der Besitzerin euthanasiert.
Aerosolization in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Risk Mitigation in the COVID-19 Era: A Scoping Review
Authors: Roy Catherine F. , Kay-Rivest Emily , Nguyen Lily H.P. , Sirhan Denis , Tewfik Marc A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective The continually evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a dire need for rapid reorganization of health care delivery within surgical services. Ensuing initial reports of high infection rates following endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery, various expert and societal guidelines have emerged. We hereby provide a scoping review of the available literature on endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery, exploring both the risk of aerosolization and expert recommendations on surgical management during the pandemic.
Methods A literature search of the PubMed database was performed up until May 9th, 2020. Additionally, websites and published statements from otolaryngology associations were searched for recommendations. This scoping review followed the guidelines provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews.
Results A total of 29 peer-reviewed publications and statements from expert recommendations or professional associations were included. Current expert guidance relies mainly on scarce, anecdotal evidence, and two cadaveric studies, which have demonstrated potential aerosolization during transnasal surgery. General consensus exists for delaying surgery when possible, ascertaining COVID-19 status preoperatively and donning of adequate personal protective equipment by all operating room staff (including at minimum an N95 mask). Cold, nonpowered surgical instruments are deemed the safest, while thermal instruments (electrocautery and laser) and high-speed drills should be minimized. Conflicting recommendations emerge for use of microdebriders.
Conclusion Endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery impart a potential risk of aerosolization. Hence, surgical indications, protective measures for health care workers, and surgical instrumentation must be adapted accordingly in the COVID-19 context.
Childhood Distal Forearm Fracture Incidence in Malmö, Sweden 1950 to 2016
Authors: Bergman Erika , Lempesis Vasileios , Jehpsson Lars , Rosengren Björn E. , Karlsson Magnus K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Distal forearm fracture is the most common pediatric fracture. As studies have indicated time trends in fracture incidence, we wanted to update the epidemiology and estimate time trends between 1950 and 2016 in Malmö, Sweden.
Methods The city of Malmö, Sweden, had 318,107 inhabitants (58,585 of the population was aged <16 years) in 2014 and one hospital. We, therefore, used the hospital diagnosis registry and hospital medical records to identify and classify distal forearm fractures 2014 to 2016 in children aged 0 to 15 years. For long-term trend calculations, we also included published data from 1950 to 2006 (resulting in 17 evaluated years) and used joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent changes (APC). To describe differences in incidence between two periods, we calculated incident rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to describe uncertainty.
Results Childhood distal forearm fracture incidence in 2014 to 2016 was 546/100,000 person-years (660 in boys and 427 in girls). The age-adjusted incidence in 2014 to 2016 and in 2005 to 2006 was similar (boys IRR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9–1.2 and girls IRR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9–1.3). Time-trend analyses from 1950 to 2016 revealed increasing age-adjusted incidence in both boys (APC +0.9%, 95% CI: 0.7–1.2) and girls (APC +0.6%, 95% CI: 0.3–0.9).
Conclusion Distal forearm fracture incidence was similar in 2014 to 2016 and in 2005 to 2006. Age-adjusted incidence had increased in both sexes from 1950 to 2016.
Level of Evidence This is a Level III b study.
Atypical Presentation of Neurobrucellosis as Infection of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Authors: Covrig Raul-Ciprian , Petridou Jasmina , Knappe Ulrich J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBrucellosis is a frequent zoonosis in some regions of the world and may cause various symptoms. Neurobrucellosis is a rare but serious complication of the infection. Our case report describes the course of neurobrucellosis in a patient who had received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in his native country 13 years prior to diagnosis of brucellosis. He initially presented to us with symptoms of peritonitis, which misled us to perform abdominal surgery first. After the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis was confirmed and appropriate antibiotics were initiated, the symptoms soon disappeared. Although the ventriculoperitoneal shunt was subsequently removed, the patient did not develop a symptomatic hydrocephalus further on. This case displays the challenges in diagnosing an infection that occurred sporadically in Europe and may be missed by currently applied routine microbiological workup. Considering the political context, with increasing relocation from endemic areas to European countries, it is to be expected that the cases of brucellosis and neurobrucellosis will rise. Brucellosis should be considered and adequate investigations should be performed.
The Use of Real-Time 3D Intraoperative Ultrasound “Angiography” in Localization and Occlusion Control of a Ruptured Mycotic Aneurysm: A Case Report
Authors: Nerntengian Ntenis , Gkasdaris Grigorios , Barettas Nikolaos , Theodoropoulou Efthymia , Birbilis Theodosios 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Infectious (mycotic) aneurysms are rare with high mortality and are most commonly found at the distal branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Because aneurysms of the distal MCA are located deep in the Sylvian fissure and are small in size, intraoperative identification and safe clip occlusion of these aneurysms are challenging. Thus, the use of intraoperative imaging and navigation can be beneficial. We describe the use of intraoperative real-time 3D ultrasound “angiography” (3D-iUS) in localizing and occlusion control of a ruptured MCA M3 segment mycotic aneurysm. To our knowledge, its application in the surgery of a ruptured mycotic distal MCA aneurysm is not yet reported.
Clinical Presentation A 54-year-old woman with a history of septic thrombophlebitis treated with long-term antibiotic therapy presented with sudden onset of headaches, dysphasia, and seizures. Computed tomography (CT) revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage in the distal portion of the left Sylvian fissure. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed an aneurysm at the peripheral branch of the M3 segment of the MCA with characteristics of an infectious aneurysm. A microsurgical treatment was decided. 3D-iUS scan showed an aneurysm within the Sylvian fissure at a depth of 5 cm. The aneurysm was clipped and a repeated 3D-iUS scan showed total occlusion of the aneurysm and patency of the parent artery. The intraoperative findings were confirmed with a postoperative DSA.
Conclusion Our case report shows that real-time 3D-iUS, despite its limitations, is an important tool to locate and ascertain the successful clip occlusion of an aneurysm, especially when intraoperative angiography (IA) and indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography are not available due to low-income settings.
Surface textures suppress viscoelastic braking on soft substrates
Authors: Coux Martin , Kolinski John M. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
The transport of liquids on solid substrates is ubiquitous in our daily experience, and vital to many industrial and fundamental processes. Enabled by surface texturing and chemical treatment, engineers have recently developed methods to enhance liquid motion over rigid surfaces. With increasing applicability of soft materials, the motion of liquids over soft substrates has become important, especially in medical settings. Indeed, elastocapillary phenomena profoundly alter liquid transport over such soft surfaces due to substrate deformation, leading to enormous resistance to liquid motion over the surface, and thus enabling harmful fouling effects. Here we show that surface texturing on compliant substrates leads to giant suppression of this viscoelastic braking phenomenon, facilitating droplet motion over compliant surfaces.
On the relationship between non-mixing cascade and a cascade with constant partial cuts for separation of multi-component mixtures
Authors: Zeng S , Lei Z G , Jiang D J , Borisevich V D , Smirnov A Yu , Sulaberidze G A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the quasi-ideal cascade (QIC) and the matched abundance ratio cascade (MARC) is very helpful in analysis and research of the separation cascade mechanism as well as practical applications of the cascade theory. For different values of separation factors and separation condition, the relationship between QIC and MARC is investigated. It is determined that they belong to different types of cascades. Only when the separation factor is constant and the separation process is symmetrical, both cascades become equivalent. It follows that in practice these two types of cascades should be considered separately when searching the optimal cascade with its best separation performance.
Low-Temperature Conversion of Hydrogen Modifications on Nanoparticles of 1B-Group Metals
Authors: Boeva O A , Kudinova E S , Panyukova N S , Nesterova N I , Zhavoronkova K N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The catalytic properties of metal nanoparticles of the 1B group (Cu, Ag, Au) in the reaction of low-temperature ortho-vapor conversion of hydrogen are investigated. It is shown that, upon transition to nanoscale particles, inert bulk metals adsorb hydrogen at low temperatures and become active in the reaction of the conversion of hydrogen modifications. Among the metals studied, gold nanoparticles have the highest specific catalytic activity. Conversion occurs on all ortho-vapor nanoparticles by the physical magnetic mechanism, which indicates the presence of magnetic properties of copper, silver, and gold nanoparticles.
Local Configurations of Pores that Course Non-Wetting Liquid Non Outflow
Authors: Bortnikova S A , Belogorlov A A , Borman V D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is known that for the most nanoporous medium - non-wetting liquid systems are observed non-outflow phenomenon. It is shown that this phenomenon may depend on many factors, one of which is a waiting time. The observed anomalously slow relaxation (non-wetting liquid outflow) caused by formation of strongly interacting states of liquid clusters in pores. Previously was shown that relaxation of such states can occur due to relaxation of metastable local configurations of filled and empty pores. In the present work the relaxation of non-wetting liquid (water) dispersed in disordered nanoporous medium (hydrophobic silica gel Libersorb 23) for 6 and 9° C is considered. The pore size distribution functions of captured liquid for 9° C are obtained. Some local configurations for 6 and 9° C are analyzed and their lifetimes are defined.
Relaxation of Non-Wetting Liquid Dispersed in Nanoporous Medium with Partial Filling
Authors: Bortnikova S A , Belogorlov A A , Borman V D , Byrkin V A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present work the results of experimental studies of relaxation of non-wetting liquid captured by the system of nanopores of Fluka 100 C8+C1 medium are presented. New data on dependence of filling degree on time in the process of outflow at partial initial filling have been obtained. In all the experiments carried out, fluid outflow was carried out in two stages: in the first stage of fast relaxation the characteristic time of outflow is a few seconds, in the second stage of slow relaxation the characteristic time can reach 104 seconds. It was found that “fast” states exist at any initial filling, and the degree of these states increases both with increasing temperature and with increasing initial filling of nanoporous medium with non-wetting liquid.
Study of the processes of Physico-chemical treatment of landfill leachate
Authors: Alexandrov R A , Feklistov D Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The work proposes a method of purifying landfill leachate. The method is based on a combination of physicochemical and membrane methods of water purification with the extraction and removal of the main part of the sediment at the initial stage of the purification process. This approach allows reducing the load on the subsequent stages of purification, including reverse osmosis. The paper presents a technological scheme for landfill leachate treatment and sediment transfer to the solid phase. In the process of work, an experimental stand was created, and research was conducted on the treatment of landfill leachate. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
7th International Week of Science, Technology and Innovation (VII IWSTI)
Authors: Rojas Suarez J P , Velásquez-Pérez T , Dueñas Ramírez L M , V-Niño E D 
Published: December 2020

The 7th International Week of Science, Technology, and Innovation (7th IWSTI), which took place from 6 to 9 October de 2020, in the city of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia, and was organized by the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander headquarters in San José de Cúcuta and Ocaña. The 7th IWSTI conference is aimed at the academic and scientific community and to the productive sectors of the region, and have a purpose are the dissemination of academic, and research works; moreover, promotes the exchange of experiences between researchers as well as the participation of the productive sectors in research, extension, technological development, and innovation activities for contribution to strengthening the relationship University-Company-State.
The 7th International Week of Science, Technology, and Innovation (7th IWSTI) generated spaces for the exchange experiences academic and scientific in different knowledge areas between students, teachers, entrepreneurs, and researchers from Belgium, Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Brazil, and Colombia. Additionally, during the 7th IWSTI, was held the IV Interinstitutional Conference of Research Seedbeds of the Alliance of Higher Education Institutions SIES+ is held; the main goal of this meeting was to socialize the research proposals and research results, obtained in different areas of knowledge, by the Research Seedbeds of the Educational Institutions of Norte de Santander, SIES+, Colombia.
List of Organizing Committee, International Scientific Committee, National Scientific Committee, Logistics Committee, Sponsors and Partners are available in this pdf.
Comparative analysis between asphaltites and extra heavy oil asphaltenes
Authors: Bustos N , Diaz E , Jerez E , Roa M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe asphaltite material receives many names depending on the country, or area of knowledge, for this reason it is also known as bitumen, asphalt and gilsonite, its composition is a mixture of high molecular weight organic substances, mainly polyaromatic compounds characterized by a black color, and they appear in a semi-solid or solid state. Asphaltenes correspond to the oil fraction with the highest molecular weight, this characteristic provides a high viscosity to hydrocarbons, which contain, in their composition, a concentration equal to or greater than 10%, although the exact structure of this is not known. molecular family, it has been possible to elucidate the functional groups present, such as carbonyl acids, thiols and pyridines, implying the presence of heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, but the most characteristic part of this type of molecules is their nucleus polyaromatic, which can contain up to 20 or more benzene rings. A sample of Colombian asphaltite was taken and compared with a sample of asphaltenes from a Colombian extra-heavy crude, solubility tests, a spectroscopic characterization by Ultraviolet-Visible, infrared, a thermal evaluation by Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were carried out., in addition to an analysis by X-ray diffraction, in order to determine if the behavior and composition of both The objective of this investigation is to be analyzed by comparing a traditional asphaltite and an asphaltite, if the latter has the same properties and composition, with a view to being used as an energy source. The results obtained reveal that despite the fact that both substances present a similar composition, their glass transitions are different, as well as the crystalline phases present in each of the materials.