bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceiving couples as discrete units: The existence of couple‐level identities
Authors: Wang Amanda Meiyi , Chen Serena , Aron Arthur 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present studies examined the often‐implicit notion that people think about couples as discrete entities, distinct from the individuals therein—a concept we refer to as couple‐level identities. Findings suggest that people perceive both their own and other couples as distinct units (Study 1) that can possess dyadic qualities unique from those of either couple member. Exploring the implications of these identities, Studies 2 and 3 examined how couple‐level identities (beyond the identities of the individuals) influence social judgment (e.g., cognitive biases). Finally, Study 4's findings suggest that perceptions of discrete couple‐level identities are natural parts of everyday social cognition. Together, results suggest the need to consider couple‐level identities in research on the self, social perception, and close relationships.
Samson, Antigone, and the charismatic agonistes: From a “pro‐power” to a “pro‐existence” political engagement
Authors: Untea Ionut 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that the agonistic approach toward political engagement places too much emphasis on the task of winning the social game and overlooks the dimension of what has been called ever since Greek Antiquity by the name charis. Charis is the quality of life, denoting ideals of reciprocal invitations to feel joy and satisfaction. Under the influence of the Weberian model of charismatic leadership, collective charisma has faded away from the attention of political theorists. This essay offers arguments for the integration of the collective charis into agonistic political theory but calls for several revisions of this theory. Counterbalancing the overemphasis on winning involves listening and witnessing in the sense of transforming the miracle of charis into the plain words of the logos and the sounds of the phonê that everybody can perceive.
Mother‐reported pain experience between ages 7 and 10: A prospective study in a population‐based birth cohort
Authors: Lucas Raquel , Talih Makram , Monjardino Teresa , Guimarães Susana , Barros Henrique 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrajectory studies suggest considerable stability of persistent or recurrent pain in adolescence. This points to the first decade of life as an important aetiologic window for shaping future pain, where the potential for prevention may be optimised.ObjectivesWe aimed to quantify changes in mother‐reported pain experience in children between ages 7 and 10 and describe clusters of different pain experiences defined by complementary pain features.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study using data from 4036 Generation XXI birth cohort participants recruited in 2005‐06. Pain history was reported by mothers at ages 7 and 10 using the Luebeck pain screening questionnaire. We tracked changes in six pain features over time using relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Clusters were obtained using the k‐medoids algorithm.ResultsThe risk of severe pain at age 10 increased with increasing severity at age 7, with RRs ranging from 2.18 (95% CI 1.90, 2.50) for multisite to 4.43 (95% CI 3.19, 6.15) for high frequency pain at age 7. A majority of children (59.4%) had transient or no pain but two clusters included children with stable recurrent pain (n = 404, 10.2% of the sample). One of those (n = 177) was characterised by higher probabilities of multisite pain (74.6% and 66.7% at ages 7 and 10, respectively), with psychosocial triggers/contexts (59.3% and 61.0%) and daily‐living restrictions (72.2% and 84.6%). Most children in that cluster (58.3%) also self‐reported recent pain at age 10 and had more frequent family history of chronic pain (60.5%).ConclusionsAll pain features assessed tracked with a positive gradient between ages 7 and 10, arguing for the significance of the first decade of life in the escalation of the pain experience. Multisite pain and psychosocial attributions appeared to be early markers of more adverse pain experiences.
Metaproteome and metabolome of oral microbial communities
Authors: Bostanci Nagihan , Grant Melissa , Bao Kai , Silbereisen Angelika , Hetrodt Franziska , Manoil Daniel , Belibasakis Georgios N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe emergence of high‐throughput technologies for the comprehensive measurement of biomolecules, also referred to as “omics” technologies, has helped us gather “big data” and characterize microbial communities. In this article, we focus on metaproteomic and metabolomic approaches that support hypothesis‐driven investigations on various oral biologic samples. Proteomics reveals the working units of the oral milieu and metabolomics unveils the reactions taking place; and so these complementary techniques can unravel the functionality and underlying regulatory processes within various oral microbial communities. Current knowledge of the proteomic interplay and metabolic interactions of microorganisms within oral biofilm and salivary microbiome communities is presented and discussed, from both clinical and basic research perspectives. Communities indicative of, or from, health, caries, periodontal diseases, and endodontic lesions are represented. Challenges, future prospects, and examples of best practice are given.
Rostral middle frontal gyrus thickness mediates the relationship between genetic risk and neuroticism trait
Authors: Song Li , Zhou Zheyi , Meng Jie , Zhu Xingxing , Wang Kangcheng , Wei Dongtao , Qiu Jiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeuroticism is a robust personality trait associated with multiple mental disorders. Heretofore, research on the relationship among genes, brain, and behavior to explore individual differences in neuroticism is scarce. Hence, in this study (N = 630), genetic data, self‐reported neuroticism, and brain structural data were combined to explore whether the cortical thickness (CT) of brain regions mediated the relationship between the polygenic risk score (PRS) of neuroticism and NEO neuroticism (NEO‐N), and the enrichment analysis was performed to reveal the underlying mechanism of their relationship. Results showed that the PRSs were significantly associated with NEO‐N scores (p < .05). The CT of left rostral middle frontal gyrus was negatively related to the best PRS in PRSice (PRSbest) or the PRS at 0.05 threshold (PRS0.05) (corrected p < .05), which was also found to mediate the association between the PRS and NEO‐N (PRSbest: ab = .012, p < .05; PRS0.05: ab = .012, p < .05). Enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly involved in biological adhesion, cell adhesion, neuron part, and synapse part, which were associated with the abnormal thickness of frontal cortex. By integrating genetic, brain imaging, and behavioral data, our research initially revealed the neurogenetic underpinnings of neuroticism, which is helpful for understanding individual differences in neuroticism.
Small Area Estimation with Linked Data
Authors: Salvati N. , Fabrizi E. , Ranalli M. G. , Chambers R. L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractData linkage can be used to combine values of the variable of interest from a national survey with values of auxiliary variables obtained from another source, such as a population register, for use in small area estimation. However, linkage errors can induce bias when fitting regression models; moreover, they can create non-representative outliers in the linked data in addition to the presence of potential representative outliers. In this paper, we adopt a secondary analyst’s point of view, assuming that limited information is available on the linkage process, and develop small area estimators based on linear mixed models and M-quantile models to accommodate linked data containing a mix of both types of outliers. We illustrate the properties of these small area estimators, as well as estimators of their mean squared error, by means of model-based and design-based simulation experiments. We further illustrate the proposed methodology by applying it to linked data from the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions and the Italian integrated archive of economic and demographic micro data in order to obtain estimates of the average equivalised income for labour market areas in central Italy.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for COVID‐19‐associated hyperviscosity
Authors: Truong Alexander D. , Auld Sara C. , Barker Nicholas A. , Friend Sarah , Wynn A. Thanushi , Cobb Jason , Sniecinski Roman M. , Tanksley Christin‐Lauren , Polly Derek M. , Gaddh Manila , Connor Michael , Nakahara Hirotomo , Sullivan H. Clifford , Kempton Christine , Guarner Jeannette , Duncan Alexander , Josephson Cassandra D. , Roback John D. , Stowell Sean R. , Maier Cheryl L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent data suggests an association between blood hyperviscosity and both propensity for thrombosis and disease severity in patients with COVID‐19. This raises the possibility that increased viscosity may contribute to endothelial damage and multiorgan failure in COVID‐19, and that therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to decrease viscosity may improve patient outcomes.Here we sought to share our experience using TPE in the first 6 patients treated for COVID‐19‐associated hyperviscosity.Study Design and MethodsSix critically ill COVID‐19 patients with plasma viscosity levels ranging from 2.6 to 4.2 centipoise (cP; normal range, 1.4‐1.8 cP) underwent daily TPE for 2‐3 treatments.ResultsTPE decreased plasma viscosity in all six patients (Pre‐TPE median 3.75 cP, range 2.6‐4.2 cP; Post‐TPE median 1.6 cP, range 1.5‐1.9 cP). TPE also decreased fibrinogen levels in all five patients for whom results were available (Pre‐TPE median 739 mg/dL, range 601‐1188 mg/dL; Post‐TPE median 359 mg/dL, range 235‐461 mg/dL); D‐dimer levels in all six patients (Pre‐TPE median 5921 ng/mL, range 1134‐60 000 ng/mL; Post‐TPE median 4893 ng/mL, range 620‐7518 ng/mL); and CRP levels in five of six patients (Pre‐TPE median 292 mg/L, range 136‐329 mg/L; Post‐TPE median 84 mg/L, range 31‐211 mg/L). While the two sickest patients died, significant improvement in clinical status was observed in four of six patients shortly after TPE.ConclusionsThis series demonstrates the utility of TPE to rapidly correct increased blood viscosity in patients with COVID‐19‐associated hyperviscosity. Large randomized trials are needed to determine whether TPE may improve clinical outcomes for patients with COVID‐19.
Notes on three periods of rabies focus in the Middle East: From progress during the cradle of civilization to neglected current history
Authors: Bannazadeh Baghi Hossein , Rupprecht Charles E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRabies is a historical scourge as well as one of the most neglected infectious diseases. While the developed world has rolled back dog‐mediated human rabies, thanks to social interventions and modern rabies vaccines, African and Asian countries still struggle with a significant burden due to this viral zoonosis. The Middle East, which includes both Asian and African countries, still has localities in which dog‐mediated rabies remains endemic although it is the region that first documented rabies historically. The oldest putative record of this fatal encephalitis may date back at least 4,000 years and is believed to originate from ancient Mesopotamia. In this historical review, we describe rabies through three major time periods (ancient, the Islamic Golden Age and more recent history) of the Middle East. Inarguably, the Middle East experienced great medical development during the Islamic Golden Age. Proof of early rabies prevention, control and proposed treatment strategies existed which we only perceive anew via modern science. Such rabies strategies were neglected severely due in no small part to the influence of Middle Eastern rulers, who steered scholars away from this field to a broader toxicological focus, because they feared assassination from poisoning. Such setbacks are coupled with constant social and political unrest and continuous wars in the Middle East to modern times. This situation leads to an inconstancy in rabies surveillance and reporting of data, neglect of prevention and control strategies, and subsequently a devolvement of rabies management strategies in this unstable region of the world.
Integrative taxonomy reveals hidden cestode diversity in Pimelodus catfishes in the Neotropics
Authors: Alves Philippe V. , de Chambrier Alain , Luque José L. , Scholz Tomáš 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProteocephalid tapeworms are the dominant group of endoparasites in siluriform catfishes in South America, but their interrelationships and actual diversity remain poorly understood. Molecular prospecting of proteocephalids found in pimelodid and other catfishes, especially in Pimelodus spp., along with thorough morphological evaluation, revealed high species diversity of these parasites. Using newly obtained sequences of the partial large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA (lsrDNA) and complete mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), phylogenetic relationships of the cestodes of Pimelodus catfishes were assessed and a new genus, Pseudoendorchis gen. n., proposed to accommodate P. auchenipteri comb. n. (type species; formerly Endorchis auchenipteri), P. cristata sp. n. from Pimelodella cristata (Heptapteridae), P. felipei sp. n. from Pimelodus fur, P. souzalimae sp. n. from Pimelodus maculatus and another three putative new species. Members of the new genus can be readily distinguished from all known Neotropical proteocephalids by having a large Mehlis’ gland, representing at least 18% of proglottid width, and the vagina always anterior to the cirrus‐sac. Moreover, all phylogenetic, species discovery and validation analyses support validity of Pseudoendorchis. Combining the lsrDNA + COI sequence data appeared to provide the best resolution in phylogenetic analyses, which may be useful to reduce the uncertainty of the interrelationships among Neotropical proteocephalids.
Piezo1 channels mediate trabecular meshwork mechanotransduction and promote aqueous fluid outflow
Authors: Yarishkin Oleg , Phuong Tam T. T. , Baumann Jackson M. , De Ieso Michael L. , Vazquez‐Chona Felix , Rudzitis Christopher N. , Sundberg Chad , Lakk Monika , Stamer W. Daniel , Križaj David 
Published: November 2020

Key points
Trabecular meshwork (TM) is a highly mechanosensitive tissue in the eye that regulates intraocular pressure through the control of aqueous humour drainage.
Its dysfunction underlies the progression of glaucoma but neither the mechanisms through which TM cells sense pressure nor their role in aqueous humour outflow are understood at the molecular level.
We identified the Piezo1 channel as a key TM transducer of tensile stretch, shear flow and pressure.
Its activation resulted in intracellular signals that altered organization of the cytoskeleton and cell‐extracellular matrix contacts and modulated the trabecular component of aqueous outflow whereas another channel, TRPV4, mediated a delayed mechanoresponse.
This study helps elucidate basic mechanotransduction properties that may contribute to intraocular pressure regulation in the vertebrate eye.
AbstractChronic elevations in intraocular pressure (IOP) can cause blindness by compromising the function of trabecular meshwork (TM) cells in the anterior eye, but how these cells sense and transduce pressure stimuli is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate functional expression of two mechanically activated channels in human TM cells. Pressure‐induced cell stretch evoked a rapid increase in transmembrane current that was inhibited by antagonists of the mechanogated channel Piezo1, Ruthenium Red and GsMTx4, and attenuated in Piezo1‐deficient cells. The majority of TM cells exhibited a delayed stretch‐activated current that was mediated independently of Piezo1 by TRPV4 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4) channels. Piezo1 functions as the principal TM transducer of physiological levels of shear stress, with both shear and the Piezo1 agonist Yoda1 increasing the number of focal cell‐matrix contacts. Analysis of TM‐dependent fluid drainage from the anterior eye showed significant inhibition by GsMTx4. Collectively, these results suggest that TM mechanosensitivity utilizes kinetically, regulatory and functionally distinct pressure transducers to inform the cells about force‐sensing contexts. Piezo1‐dependent control of shear flow sensing, calcium homeostasis, cytoskeletal dynamics and pressure‐dependent outflow suggests potential for a novel therapeutic target in treating glaucoma.
Labour companionship and women’s experiences of mistreatment during childbirth: results from a multi-country community-based survey
Authors: Balde Mamadou Dioulde , Nasiri Khalidha , Mehrtash Hedieh , Soumah Anne-Marie , Bohren Meghan A , Diallo Boubacar Alpha , Irinyenikan Theresa Azonima , Maung Thae Maung , Thwin Soe Soe , Aderoba Adeniyi K , Vogel Joshua P , Mon Nwe Oo , Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame , Tunçalp Özge 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundEvidence has shown the benefits of labour companions during childbirth. Few studies have documented the relationship between the absence of labour companions and mistreatment of women during childbirth in low-income and middle-income countries using a standardised tool.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the WHO multi-country study on how women are treated during childbirth, where a cross-sectional community survey was conducted with women up to 8 weeks after childbirth in Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria and Myanmar. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine whether labour companionship was associated with various types of mistreatment.ResultsOf 2672 women, about half (50.4%) reported the presence of a labour companion. Approximately half (49.6%) of these women reported that the timing of support was during labour and after childbirth and most of the labour companions (47.0%) were their family members. Across Ghana, Guinea and Nigeria, women without a labour companion were more likely to report physical abuse, non-consented medical procedures and poor communication compared with women with a labour companion. However, there were country-level variations. In Guinea, the absence of labour companionship was associated with any physical abuse, verbal abuse, or stigma or discrimination (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.6, 1.9–6.9) and non-consented vaginal examinations (AOR 3.2, 1.6–6.4). In Ghana, it was associated with non-consented vaginal examinations (AOR 2.3, 1.7–3.1) and poor communication (AOR 2.0, 1.3–3.2). In Nigeria, it was associated with longer wait times (AOR 0.6, 0.3–0.9).ConclusionLabour companionship is associated with lower levels of some forms of mistreatment that women experience during childbirth, depending on the setting. Further work is needed to ascertain how best to implement context-specific labour companionship to ensure benefits while maintaining women’s choices and autonomy.
Minimal gauge invariant couplings at order $$\alpha '^3$$: NS–NS fields
Authors: Garousi Mohammad R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRemoving the field redefinitions, the Bianchi identities and the total derivative freedoms from the general form of gauge invariant NS–NS couplings at order $$\alpha '^3$$

α

′
3

, we have found that the minimum number of independent couplings is 872. We find that there are schemes in which there is no term with structures $$R,\,R_{\mu \nu },\,\nabla _\mu H^{\mu \alpha \beta }$$

R
,

R

μ
ν

,

∇
μ

H

μ
α
β

, $$ \nabla _\mu \nabla ^\mu \Phi $$

∇
μ

∇
μ

Φ

. In these schemes, there are sub-schemes in which, except one term, the couplings can have no term with more than two derivatives. In the sub-scheme that we have chosen, the 872 couplings appear in 55 different structures. We fix some of the parameters in type II supersting theory by its corresponding four-point functions. The coupling which has term with more than two derivatives is constraint to be zero by the four-point functions.
FROM MULTILATERALISM TO MULTI-POLARISM: A STUDY OF TRADE SHOCK TRANSMISSION BETWEEN SELECTED AFRICAN ECONOMIES, THE BRIC AND THE REST OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Authors: EKEOCHA PATTERSON C. , OGBUABOR JONATHAN E. 
Published: November 2020

This study investigates trade shock transmission between selected African countries, the BRIC and the rest of the global economy with a view to understanding the likely disposition of African economies towards multilateralism in the years to come. The study extends the network approach of Diebold and Yilmaz [ (2009) . Measuring financial asset return and volatility spillovers, with application to global equity markets. The Economic Journal, 119(534), 158–171, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02208.x ] by constructing generalized trade linkage measures at various degrees of aggregation using generalized forecast error variance decompositions of an underlying global vector autoregressive model. The results indicate that the trade linkage between Africa and the rest of the global economy is substantial, with the total trade linkage index having an average value of 87%. We find that China, USA, UK, Japan, EU and Canada dominate Africa’s trade and therefore have the potential to spread trade shocks to it. The results further indicate that apart from the BRIC, other regional trading blocs such as Asia, the Americas, and Europe play influential roles in Africa’s trade. Overall, the findings show that African economies are predominantly net receivers of trade shocks originating from the aforementioned dominant sources. We conclude that these patterns of cross-country trade shock spillovers, coupled with the ongoing challenges of legitimacy facing the World Trade Organisation, would likely influence Africa’s move from multilateralism to multi-polarism in the years to come.