bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐scale Information Assembly for Image Matting
Authors: Qiao Yu , Liu Yuhao , Zhu Qiang , Yang Xin , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Qiang , Wei Xiaopeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImage matting is a long‐standing problem in computer graphics and vision, mostly identified as the accurate estimation of the foreground in input images. We argue that the foreground objects can be represented by different‐level information, including the central bodies, large‐grained boundaries, refined details, etc. Based on this observation, in this paper, we propose a multi‐scale information assembly framework (MSIA‐matte) to pull out high‐quality alpha mattes from single RGB images. Technically speaking, given an input image, we extract advanced semantics as our subject content and retain initial CNN features to encode different‐level foreground expression, then combine them by our well‐designed information assembly strategy. Extensive experiments can prove the effectiveness of the proposed MSIA‐matte, and we can achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance compared to most existing matting networks.
Classifying and clustering malicious advertisement uniform resource locators using deep learning
Authors: Zhang Xichen , Habibi Lashkari Arash , Ghorbani Ali A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMalicious online advertisement detection has attracted increasing attention in recent years in both academia and industry. The existing advertising blocking systems are vulnerable to the evolution of new attacks and can cause time latency issues by analyzing web content or querying remote servers. This article proposes a lightweight detection system for advertisement Uniform resource locators (URLs) detection, depending only on lexical‐based features. Deep learning algorithms are used for online advertising classification. After optimizing the deep neural network architecture, our proposed approach can achieve satisfactory results with false negative rate as low as 1.31%. We also design a novel unsupervised method for data clustering. With the implementation of AutoEncoder for feature preprocessing and t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding for clustering and visualization, our model outperforms other dimensionality reduction algorithms by generating clear clusterings for different URL families.
Prioritizing human safety and multispecies connectivity across a regional road network
Authors: Lee Tracy S. , Creech Tyler G. , Martinson Adam , Nielsen Scott E. , Jakes Andrew F. , Jones Paul F. , Sanderson Ken , Ford Adam T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe intersection of wildlife and people on roads raises two critical issues: the barrier and mortality effects of roads on wildlife and risks to people from animal‐vehicle collisions (AVCs). Road mitigation decisions are typically made at the discretion of transportation departments that are mandated to primarily address motorist safety. Therefore, prioritization of road sections for mitigation currently focuses on identification of spatial clusters of AVCs. We sought to understand if AVC clusters align with multispecies connectivity across roads to accurately identify multipurpose mitigation hotspots. We developed a decision‐support tool based on weighted priorities for mitigation planning across 7,900 km of roads over an 84,000‐km2 area of southern Alberta, Canada. To assess alignment, we built functional connectivity models for four focal species (prairie rattlesnake, grizzly bear, mule deer, and pronghorn) and a species‐neutral structural connectivity model. We integrated AVC risk and wildlife connectivity indices into Mitigation Priority Indices that varied the weighting of individual indices. Our results demonstrated poor spatial alignment between road sections of high motorist safety risk and those of high value for wildlife connectivity. Transportation planning would benefit from integrating motorist safety risk and wildlife management needs to prioritize mitigation neighborhoods along roadways.
Evaluation of the SPECTRUM training programme for real‐time continuous glucose monitoring: A real‐world multicentre prospective study in 120 adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Schlüter Sandra , Freckmann Guido , Heinemann Lutz , Wintergerst Peter , Lange Karin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsComprehensive knowledge, specific skills and data‐analysis competences are prerequisites for the successful use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. SPECTRUM is a structured training programme for real‐time CGM (rtCGM) consisting of a web‐based introduction and six group sessions of 90 min each. The ‘CGM‐TRAIN study’ evaluated the efficacy and acceptance of SPECTRUM and rtCGM systems among adults with insulin therapy.MethodsParticipants (n = 120) were recruited from 10 German diabetes centres in which they were treated under usual care conditions. Outcome measures were rtCGM knowledge, practical skills, satisfaction with the training programme, satisfaction and acceptance of rtCGM system and glycaemic control. Data were collected at study entry, after training completion and at 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsAll participants were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (56% women, mean age 42.4 ± 13.4 years, diabetes duration 21.6 ± 11.6 years), 110 participants completed the course. After training completion, rtCGM‐specific knowledge had improved by 43% (scale: 0–40 points) from 21.2 ± 7.6 to 30.4 ± 4.5 points; p < 0.001. The knowledge‐level persisted until follow‐up (29.4 ± 4.5). Participants were able to master nearly all the practical requirements of the technology. In addition, rtCGM was highly accepted, and participants were motivated to use their systems continuously. HbA1c improved slightly from 61 ± 14 mmol/mol (7.7 ± 1.3%) before training to 60 ± 14 mmol/mol (7.6 ± 1.3%) at follow‐up (p = 0.04). The training programme itself was favourably rated by participants.ConclusionsUnder usual out‐patient daily care conditions, the training programme SPECTRUM improved knowledge and skills about rtCGM in adults with type 1 diabetes. This was associated with a reduced HbA1c, high satisfaction and acceptance of rtCGM (Clinical Trials Registry no.: DRKS00014380).
Embedding environmental sustainability within the modern dental curriculum— Exploring current practice and developing a shared understanding
Authors: Duane Brett , Dixon Jonathan , Ambibola Giwa , Aldana Clara , Couglan James , Henao Daniel , Daniela Timus , Veiga Nélio , Martin Nicolas , Darragh Jáuregui‐Hogan , Ramasubbu Darshini , Perez Francesc , Schwendicke Falk , Correia Maria , Quinteros Maria , Van Harten Maria , Paganelli Corrado , Vos Peter , Moreno Lopez Rosa , Field James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionEvidence concerning the interactions between human health and planetary health has grown extensively in recent years. In turn, the perceived importance of environmental sustainability within higher education is growing at a rapid rate. This paper provides a summary of key elements as they apply to dentistry, and provides an introduction to the reader of an early consensus of how sustainability could be included as part of the dental curriculum.MethodsThe consensus opinion within this paper largely centres around discussion at the ADEE sustainability workshop at the annual conference in Berlin (August 2019). In order to help inform discussions at the workshop, a brief scoping questionnaire was circulated to potential participants regarding their understanding and current teaching practices in sustainability. An infographic was designed to help delegates remember the important elements of sustainable dentistry. Delegates discussed the concept of sustainability alongside the infographic, and how they could link these with the Graduating European Dentist (GED) curriculum.ResultsThe discussions within the workshop largely centred around 4 main themes: Disease prevention and health promotion, Patient education and empowerment, Lean service delivery and Preferential use of strategies with lower environmental impact.DiscussionIt is apparent that there is a widespread need for teaching materials relating to environmental sustainability; this includes specific learning outcomes relating to the 4 educational domains of the Graduating European Dentist curriculum, and methods for teaching and assessing these outcomes.ConclusionThis paper reports consensus on the first phase of a pan‐European working group on Sustainability in dental education.
Early effects of COVID‐19 on US fisheries and seafood consumption
Authors: White Easton R. , Froehlich Halley E. , Gephart Jessica A. , Cottrell Richard S. , Branch Trevor A. , Agrawal Bejarano Rahul , Baum Julia K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe US seafood sector is susceptible to shocks, both because of the seasonal nature of many of its domestic fisheries and its global position as a top importer and exporter of seafood. However, many data sets that could inform science and policy during an emerging event do not exist or are only released months or years later. Here, we synthesize multiple data sources from across the seafood supply chain, including unconventional real‐time data sets, to show the relative initial responses and indicators of recovery during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We synthesized news articles from January to September 2020 that reported effects of COVID‐19 on the US seafood sector, including processor closures, shortened fishing seasons and loss of revenue. Concerning production and distribution, we assessed past and present landings and trade data and found substantial declines in fresh seafood catches (−40%), imports (−37%) and exports (−43%) relative to the previous year, while frozen seafood products were generally less affected. Google search trends and seafood market foot traffic data suggest consumer demand for seafood from restaurants dropped by upwards of 70% during lockdowns, with recovery varying by state. However, these declines were partially offset by an increase (270%) in delivery and takeout service searches. Our synthesis of open‐access data sets and media reports shows widespread, but heterogeneous, ramifications of COVID‐19 across the seafood sector, implying that policymakers should focus support on states and sub‐sectors most affected by the pandemic: fishery‐dependent communities, processors, and fisheries and aquaculture that focus on fresh products.
Sildenafil beyond erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Thinking about new indications
Authors: Ala Moein , Mohammad Jafari Razieh , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSildenafil, approved two decades ago, is the inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). First of all, it was designated for angina pectoris, but soon it showed a wonderful efficacy in erectile dysfunction (ED) and then pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Due to the distribution of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in almost all organs, maybe it effects other diseases. Hence, a great number of investigations began to understand the role of PDEi in different organs. Preliminary research on sildenafil in cell culture and animal models has yielded promising results. Soon, a greater number of animal researches and clinical trials joined them. The results disclosed sildenafil can have beneficial effects in each organ such as heart, liver, kidney, brain, and intestines. Furthermore, it has significantly improved the prognosis of organ ischemia in various animal models. Clinical trials in several diseases, such as recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, fatty liver disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), heart failure, and premature ejaculation (PE) brought promising results. Although some clinical trials are available on the effects of sildenafil on various diseases, further studies on humans are needed to consolidate the ultimate effects of sildenafil. The aim of this review was to describe the effects of sildenafil on each organ and explain its mechanisms of action. Further, other PDE inhibitors such as tadalafil and vardenafil have been briefly discussed in parts of this review.
A global analysis of enemy release and its variation with latitude
Authors: Xu Meng , Mu Xidong , Zhang Shuang , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Zhu Bingtao , Gu Dangen , Yang Yexin , Luo Du , Hu Yinchang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe enemy release hypothesis (ERH) posits that exotic species suffer less enemy damage than natives, which promotes their successful invasion. However, the generality of less damage for exotics remains widely debated. A recent view proposes that enemy release (ER) could change systematically with latitude, potentially helping to explain these inconsistencies. Here, we test whether exotic plant species suffer consistently lower herbivore damage relative to natives and whether ER varies with latitude.LocationGlobal.Time period1960–2018.Major taxa studiedPlants.MethodsUsing leaf herbivory data for 1,098 plant species, we compared the herbivory rate between exotic and native plants across all taxa, between the introduced and native range of exotic species and between exotic and native species co‐occurring in the same community. We tested the interaction effect between origin (exotic versus native) and latitude to assess variation in ER with latitude. We also examined whether the effect of origin and its interaction with latitude changed with plant growth form (woody versus non‐woody). Finally, based on two ER effect‐size datasets, two meta‐regressions were performed to demonstrate the relationship between ER and latitude.ResultsLeaf herbivory rates were commonly lower for exotics than for natives. However, this differential herbivory rate was significant only for woody plants. No significant interactions were found between origin and latitude, indicating that ER did not change with latitude. The meta‐regressions also demonstrated that ER was not significantly correlated with latitude.Main conclusionsThe widespread lower herbivory rate for exotic compared with native woody plant species supports the ERH for exotic woody plants. Consistent ER with latitude indicates that ER should play a similar role regardless of latitude. One future challenge is to assess the extent to which ER in woody exotic plants translates to performance advantages and thereby influences their invasion success.
“Brazil cannot stop”: Meritocratic ideology in an unequal country
Authors: Mesquita Juliana Schneider , Bezerra Marcos Sales 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis essay reflects on the measures adopted by the Brazilian government in the scope of education amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. This reflection is necessary for the field of organizational studies, as such administrative actions in view of the pandemic can interfere directly in the formation of young Brazilians and their allocation in different positions in the labor market. One must think critically about the impacts that exclusionary, low‐quality education can have on the exclusion of certain groups and their precarious access to job opportunities. We believe that the measures adopted by the Brazilian government reflect the society's structural racism and that institutional racism practiced by the Ministry of Education and Culture. Government actions based on meritocratic discourses during a pandemic contribute to the maintenance of group privileges and dominance, the marginalization of subordinated groups, and the aggravation of social and racial inequalities.
Upregulation of ATIC in multiple myeloma tissues based on tissue microarray and gene microarrays
Authors: Li Ruolin , Chen Gang , Dang Yiwu , He Rongquan , Liu Angui , Ma Jie , Wang Chengbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeMultiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the malignant proliferation of plasma cells, which produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin protein. The role of 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase (ATIC) has not yet been well studied in the area of MM. Thus, in the current study, we sought to examine the expression levels, including mRNA and protein levels of ATIC in MM.MethodsMultiple myeloma microarray and RNA‐seq data were screened from the SRA, GEO, ArrayExpress, and Oncomine databases. The mRNA level of ATIC was extracted from the high throughput data, and the prognostic value was studied. The protein level of ATIC was also detected by in‐house immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray. Potential signaling pathways were enriched with ATIC‐related genes in MM.ResultsBoth the mRNA and protein levels of ATIC were significantly upregulated in MM samples as compared to normal samples. Furthermore, the summarized Standardized Mean Difference was 1.66 with 674 cases of MM based on 10 independent studies including the in‐house tissue microarray. The overall hazard ratio of ATIC in MM was 1.7 with 1631 cases of MM based on five microarrays. In the KEGG pathway analysis, the ATIC‐related genes were mainly enriched in the pathway of complement and coagulation cascades.ConclusionWe provided the first evidence supporting the upregulation of ATIC may play an essential part in the tumorigenesis and development of MM. The promoting cancer capacity may be related to the pathway of complement and coagulation cascades.
Suprapubic‐assisted laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery versus standard laparoscopic nephrectomy: A propensity score‐based analysis
Authors: Zhang Guoxi , Zou Xiaofeng , Liu Quanliang , Xie Tianpeng , He Zhihua , Yuan Yuanhu , Xiao Rihai , Xu Hui , Li Yanmin , Zou Yuhua , Chen Hanmin , Zhang Zhaolin , Guo Guijun , Yang Zengxiang , Liu Linwei 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo compare suprapubic‐assisted laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery nephrectomy with standard laparoscopic nephrectomy.MethodsA retrospective case–control study comparing three surgeons’ experience with 122 suprapubic‐assisted laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery nephrectomy and 107 standard laparoscopic nephrectomy was carried out. Operative time, estimated blood loss, intraoperative complications, intraoperative conversion, postoperative bowel recovery, postoperative analgesics, postoperative visual analog pain scale score, postoperative length of stay, days before going back to work, postoperative complications and Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire were compared after propensity score matching.ResultsA total of 97 matched pairs were obtained after propensity score matching. There were no statistically significant differences between the suprapubic‐assisted laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery nephrectomy and standard laparoscopic nephrectomy groups with respect to operative time, estimated blood loss, intraoperative complications, intraoperative conversion, postoperative bowel recovery, length of stay and postoperative complications. Suprapubic‐assisted laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery nephrectomy group had decreased postoperative analgesics (20.9 vs 23.5, P = 0.04), visual analog pain scale score at 24 h (4.28 vs 5.28, P = 0.000), visual analog pain scale score at discharge (1.01 vs 1.47, P = 0.000), days before going back to work (28.4 vs 31.9, P = 0.000) and Patient Scar Assessment Questionnaire score (34.0 vs 42.0, P = 0.000), compared with the standard laparoscopic nephrectomy group.ConclusionsSuprapubic‐assisted laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery nephrectomy and standard laparoscopic nephrectomy are equivalent in terms of the safety and efficacy. However, suprapubic‐assisted laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery nephrectomy confers less postoperative pain, fewer days before going back to work and better cosmetic result when compared with standard laparoscopic nephrectomy.
Impact of public health education on undue fear of COVID‐19 among nurses: The mediating role of psychological capital
Authors: Mubarak Namra , Safdar Samyia , Faiz Shazia , Khan Jabran , Jaafar Mastura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study looked into the mechanism through which health education can reduce the fear of being infected with COVID‐19 because health education helps individuals to improve their knowledge and attitudes towards a disease. The spread of COVID‐19 has escalated the level of fear among public and nurses. Nevertheless, the mechanism that contributes to minimize the fear towards this pandemic remains unexplored. A cross‐sectional survey was adopted to test the relationships among public health education, psychological capital, and fear of COVID‐19. In total, 243 responses were obtained via online survey from nurses. The results revealed that public health education can reduce one’s fear of COVID‐19. Psychological capital emerged as a strong explanatory mechanism for the phenomenon. Drawing on spillover theory, public health education seems to reduce fear of COVID‐19 with the mediating role of psychological capital. Limitations and future directions are at the end of this paper. The study outcomes revealed that organizations should focus on educating nursing staff to overcome fear of COVID‐19. One way to induce positivity among nursing staff is by holding trainings.
Generating row–column field experimental designs with good neighbour balance and even distribution of treatment replications
Authors: Piepho Hans‐Peter , Williams Emlyn R. , Michel Volker 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBlocking is a standard strategy for improving the precision of randomized experimental designs. In field trials, it is usually beneficial to impose blocks in both row and column directions. A common problem with classical randomized row–column designs is that replications of a treatment may be clustered and that some pairs of treatments appear next to each other rather more often than others. Such patterns adversely affect certain design properties which we refer to as neighbour balance (NB) and evenness of distribution (ED), and they may be particularly harmful if some of the treatments are very susceptible to environmental stresses. Here, we consider an experimental design strategy for blocked experiments that achieves good NB&ED properties. The approach is exemplified using five examples, spanning non‐resolvable and resolvable replicated designs as well as partially replicated designs.