bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization and Taurine Regulation of Taurine Transporter in Goldfish
Authors: Xiong Ding , Jiang Guomin , He Zhimin , Wu Qin , Song Peng , Luo Wenjie , Xu Wenqian , Cao Shenping , Qu Fufa , Zhou Yonghua , Wang Guiqin , Liu Zhen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Taurine transporter (TauT) is a sodium- and chloride-dependent transport carrier, and it plays a key role in the transportation of taurine. At present, the many functions of TauT in fish remain obscure. In this study, a cDNA clone for encoding a taurine transporter was isolated from Goldfish Carassius auratus. The nucleotide sequence predicted 625 amino acids with significant homology to the TauT gene of Zebrafish Danio rerio. Hydropathic analysis revealed stretches of hydrophobic amino acids that were indicative of 12 transmembrane domains that were similar to those proposed for other cloned TauT genes. The results of a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that TauT broadly expressed in all of the selected tissues and developmental stages in Goldfish but with prominent differential expression levels. The expression of TauT in Goldfish has diurnal changes. The highest expression was at 1200 hours, and the lowest was at 2100 hours. Moreover, taurine treatments showed similar stimulatory effects on the expression of TauT in the intestines of Goldfish both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results may provide new insights into the regulation of TauT expression in fish, which has potential applications for improving fish dietary formulations.
Fluid structure interaction by means of variational multiscale reduced order models
Authors: Tello Alexis , Codina Ramon , Baiges Joan 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA reduced order model designed by means of a variational multiscale stabilized formulation has been applied successfully to fluid‐structure interaction problems in a strongly coupled partitioned solution scheme. Details of the formulation and the implementation both for the interaction problem and for the reduced models, for both the off‐line and on‐line phases, are shown. Results are obtained for cases in which both domains are reduced at the same time. Numerical results are presented for a semistationary and a fully transient
case.
Differential Impact of Weight Loss and Glycemic Control on Inflammasome Signaling
Authors: Antonioli Luca , Moriconi Diego , Masi Stefano , Bottazzo Dario , Pellegrini Carolina , Fornai Matteo , Anselmino Marco , Ferrannini Ele , Blandizzi Corrado , Taddei Stefano , Nannipieri Monica 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveInterleukin (IL)‐1β is involved in obesity‐associated inflammation and in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. Our aim was to correlate serum IL‐1β and caspase‐1 levels with weight loss, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance (IR) after bariatric surgery.MethodsA total of 32 patients with morbid obesity and T2D (Ob‐T2D) and 29 patients with morbid obesity and normal glucose tolerance (Ob‐NGT), treated by Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, were studied before and 1 year after surgery. Sixteen healthy individuals served as a control (HC) group. IR was assessed by the oral glucose insulin sensitivity method. Plasma IL‐1β levels and caspase‐1 were measured.ResultsPresurgery BMI was similar in Ob‐NGT and Ob‐T2D. IR was progressively impaired in Ob‐NGT and Ob‐T2D (P < 0.0001). Fasting plasma IL‐1β and caspase‐1 levels were lower in HCs than in patients with Ob‐NGT or Ob‐T2D (P < 0.02; P = 0.05), and both were inversely correlated with IR (P = 0.01; P = 0.02). After surgery, BMI decreased and IR improved to a similar extent in Ob‐NGT and Ob‐T2D (P < 0.0001). Plasma caspase‐1 concentrations normalized in both groups (P < 0.0001), whereas plasma IL‐1β levels normalized only in Ob‐NGT.ConclusionsPlasma IL‐1β and caspase‐1 levels were inversely correlated with IR. Caspase‐1 levels normalized after weight loss, whereas IL‐1β normalized only in people without T2D, suggesting the persistence of a systemic inflammatory condition in people with T2D.
Disorder of sex development with germ cell tumors: Which is uncovered first?
Authors: Faure‐Conter Cécile , Orbach Daniel , Fresneau Brice , Verité Cécile , Bonneau Jacinthe , Thebaud Estelle , Poirée Maryline , Thouvenin Sandrine , Pluchart Claire , Mure Pierre Yves , Dijoud Frederique , Morel Yves 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisorders of sex development (DSD) are rare conditions. Although they are known to predispose to germ cell tumors (GCT), there is a paucity of information regarding the circumstances of DSD discovery.Design/methodsAll patients with DSD registered in two French pediatric GCT protocols (TGM95 and 13) were analyzed.ResultsSixteen patients were identified among 276 ovarian, 160 testicular, and 24 mediastinal GCT. Eleven phenotypic females (median age 15 years) exhibited gonadal GCT, including 10 with a 46,XY karyotype and gonadal dysgenesis and one with 46XX,45X0 mosaicism. None had genital anomalies, seven had spontaneous pubertal changes, and one had spontaneous menarche. The tumors were bilateral in four cases. DSD was diagnosed after the GCT diagnosis in seven cases. The reasons for karyotyping were bilateral tumors (3), gonadoblastoma/streak gonad/absence of egg follicles (3), or systematic for GCT (1). The karyotyping was performed before the GCT diagnosis in four cases: for polymalformative syndrome (2) or primary amenorrhea (2). Four males (median age 14 years) exhibited mediastinal GCT (metastatic in two cases) indicative of Klinefelter syndrome, despite typical phenotypes in all cases. The remaining patient had severe hypospadias, leading to the discovery of 46,XY/45,X0 mosaicism before the diagnosis of testicular nonseminomatous GCT at 16 years of age.ConclusionDSD are often uncovered at the time of GCT diagnosis (11/16 cases). This should prompt oncologists to rule out a DSD in patients with GCT, even in case of pubertal development. Earlier recognition of Klinefelter syndrome could potentially lead to GCT detection at an earlier stage.
Practical target values of Shockley–Read–Hall recombination rates in state‐of‐the‐art triple‐junction solar cells for realizing conversion efficiencies within 1% of the internal radiative limit
Authors: Nakamura Tetsuya , Imaizumi Mitsuru , Akiyama Hidefumi , Okada Yoshitaka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to identify the cause of the difference between actual efficiency and the theoretical limit in state‐of‐the‐art triple‐junction solar cells, we investigate the internal luminescence efficiency in the depletion region (
). The average internal luminescence efficiency of the whole subcell volume (
) is obtained experimentally, and the
is deduced by numerical calculations using rate equations. We find that
and
agree well in the low‐recombination current regime including the maximum power point. This indicates that the non‐radiative recombination loss at the maximum power point strongly depends on the recombination in the depletion region. Furthermore, we determine the actual Shockley–Read–Hall recombination coefficient in the depletion region, Adep, which is proportional to the effective density of recombination centers. Our analysis reveals the target values of Adep required for realizing conversion efficiencies that are within 1% of the internal radiative limit. The analysis also clarifies the extent of reduction of the effective density of recombination centers (in the depletion region) that is required to realize a given target efficiency.
Incorporating evidence‐based behavioral teacher training into Head Start mental health consultation: Description and initial outcomes of a large‐scale program
Authors: Hubel Grace S. , Cooley John L. , Moreland Angela D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDevelopment of a multicomponent mental health consultation program for a countywide Head Start program is described. The consultation program incorporates strategies from the evidence‐based practice, Teacher–Child Interaction Training (TCIT). Through large group professional development trainings before the school year, comprehensive feedback reports based on observations, and in‐class coaching via modeling and performance feedback on teachers' use of TCIT skills, the consultation program served 55 Head Start classrooms with 789 children. Outcome data are presented on teachers' improvement in TCIT skill use and the relative effectiveness of two coaching methods (i.e., modeling and performance feedback) used during consultation. Results from multilevel modeling analyses indicated that teachers improved in the use of multiple observed TCIT skills between the initial and midyear assessment (i.e., increased frequency of labeled praises, reflections, behavioral descriptions, and commands that were complied with; decreased frequency of commands that children did not have an opportunity to comply with). Additionally, teachers who received coaching in the form of performance feedback, in comparison to modeling, exhibited greater gains in the frequency of labeled praises and commands that resulted in compliance. Discussion focuses on implementation of evidence‐based practice in large‐scale preventative early interventions, study limitations, and directions for future research.
A new green‐to‐transmissive polymer with electroactive poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) as an interface layer for achieving high‐performance electrochromic device
Authors: Lv Xiaojing , Bi Qian , Tameev Alexey , Zhang Yujian , Qian Liang , Ouyang Mi , Zhang Cheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new neutral green electrochromic (EC) polymer, namely poly(5,8‐bis(2,3‐dihydro[3,4‐B][1,4]dioxin‐5‐yl)‐2,3‐dual(4‐(hexadecyloxy) phenyl) quinoxaline) (PBOPEQ) was designed and synthesized. PBOPEQ‐poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film was further prepared by electrochemical polymerization on the PEDOT:PSS modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Scanning electron microscopy images and ultrasonic experiment indicate that PBOPEQ‐PEDOT:PSS film shows better film‐forming ability and stronger interface adhesive with ITO electrode compared to that of PBOPEQ film. It is worth mentioning that PBOPEQ‐PEDOT:PSS film presents more reversible redox characteristic, better optical contrast (~40%) and coloration efficiency (~230 cm2 C−1) at 678 nm, excellent EC stability and memory property (36 hr), which should be ascribed to that the electroactive PEDOT:PSS layer facilitates the charge transfer process and enhances the ion doping/dedoping properties. EC device based on PBOPEQ‐PEDOT:PSS film exhibits superior integrated performance such as reversible color change from green to transmissive, optical contrast of 41.0% and switching time less than 1 s. Accordingly, PBOPEQ‐PEDOT:PSS is an excellent EC material when combined with electroactive PEDOT:PSS interface layer for achieving high performance device, which shows potential applications in displays, electronic papers, and tags.
Structure, function, and biosynthesis of nickel‐dependent enzymes
Authors: Alfano Marila , Cavazza Christine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNickel enzymes, present in archaea, bacteria, plants, and primitive eukaryotes are divided into redox and nonredox enzymes and play key functions in diverse metabolic processes, such as energy metabolism and virulence. They catalyze various reactions by using active sites of diverse complexities, such as mononuclear nickel in Ni‐superoxide dismutase, glyoxylase I and acireductone dioxygenase, dinuclear nickel in urease, heteronuclear metalloclusters in [NiFe]‐carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, acetyl‐CoA decarbonylase/synthase and [NiFe]‐hydrogenase, and even more complex cofactors in methyl‐CoM reductase and lactate racemase. The presence of metalloenzymes in a cell necessitates a tight regulation of metal homeostasis, in order to maintain the appropriate intracellular concentration of nickel while avoiding its toxicity. As well, the biosynthesis and insertion of nickel active sites often require specific and elaborated maturation pathways, allowing the correct metal to be delivered and incorporated into the target enzyme. In this review, the phylogenetic distribution of nickel enzymes will be briefly described. Their tridimensional structures as well as the complexity of their active sites will be discussed. In view of the latest findings on these enzymes, a special focus will be put on the biosynthesis of their active sites and nickel activation of apo‐enzymes.
Parametrizing cloud geometry and its application in a subgrid cloud‐edge erosion scheme
Authors: Fielding Mark D. , Schäfer Sophia A. K. , Hogan Robin J. , Forbes Richard M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo represent the effects of unresolved cloud processes in numerical weather prediction and climate models, parametrizations of the subgrid properties of clouds are required. In this paper, we describe a method for specifying the “cloud‐edge length” within a model grid‐box, which is an important parameter for approximating the subgrid mixing of air at cloud boundaries. We begin by proposing three conceptual models that predict the cloud‐edge length using the grid‐box cloud fraction and a length‐scale to be derived empirically. The conceptual models are then evaluated using a wide range of observations and cloud‐resolving models. Based on the finding that the “effective cloud spacing” approach fits both these data best, we parametrize the effective cloud spacing as a function of pressure and model resolution. An application of this parametrization to the cloud erosion scheme in the ECMWF forecast model is then demonstrated. The effective cloud spacing approach is compared to the “effective cloud scale” approach and is shown to increase cloud fraction in stratocumulus regions, while decreasing cloud fraction in cumulus regions. These cloud changes have the overall effect of decreasing the error of the modelled top‐of‐atmosphere net short‐wave irradiance when compared to CERES observations by around 3%. Additionally, the cloud‐edge length is an important parameter for approximating subgrid radiative transfer and it is hoped that this parametrization will be useful to quantify the effect of representing 3D cloud radiative transfer in global models.
Predictability of tropical rainfall and waves: Estimates from observational data
Authors: Li Ying , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor tropical rainfall, there are several potential sources of predictability, including synoptic‐scale convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) and intraseasonal oscillations such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO). In prior work, predictability of these waves and rainfall has mainly been explored using forecast model data. Here, the goal is to estimate the intrinsic predictability using, instead, mainly observational data. To accomplish this, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data are decomposed into different wave types using spectral/Fourier filtering. The predictability of MJO rainfall is estimated to be 22–31 days, depending on longitude, as measured by the lead time when the pattern correlation skill drops below 0.5. The predictability of rainfall associated with convectively coupled equatorial Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, and a background spectrum or nonwave component is estimated to be 8–12, 2–3, and 0–3 days, respectively. Combining all wave types, the overall predictability of tropical rainfall is estimated to be 3–6 days over the Indian and Pacific Ocean regions and on equatorial synoptic and planetary length‐scales. For comparison, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) was more predictable than rainfall by 5–10 days over these regions. Wave‐removal tests were also conducted to estimate the contribution of each wave type to the overall predictability of rainfall. In summary, no single wave type dominates the predictability of tropical rainfall; each of the types (MJO, CCEWs, and nonwave component) has an appreciable contribution, due to the variance contribution, length of decorrelation time, or a combination of these factors.
Human impacts on suspended sediment and turbidity in the River Murray, South Eastern Australia: Multiple lines of evidence
Authors: Rutherfurd Ian D. , Kenyon Christine , Thoms Martin , Grove James , Turnbull Jodie , Davies Peter , Lawrence Susan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEuropean settlement has led to increased loads of fine suspended sediment (SS) entering the River Murray, Australia's largest, and arguably, most important river. The River Murray's anthropogenic sediment history can be divided into four periods with varying source areas, sediment loads, and seasonal patterns. The Aboriginal period (before 1840) was characterized by clear water at summer low‐flows in the River Murray and its southern tributaries, with more sediment coming from the northern catchment than the southern, and the Darling River being turbid at all flows. There is little evidence that Aboriginal burning resulted in any measurable increase in SS. SS loads peaked in the 1870s and 1880s (the gold and gully period, 1850–1930) as valley floors were incised by gullies (mostly in northern tributaries), and gold sluicing flushed huge amounts of sludge into southern tributaries. Sedimentation in wetlands and on floodplains increased by 2–10 times in this period, and the biota in wetlands switched from clear water to turbid water communities. In the hiatus period (1930–1960) sediment supply from gullies and gold mining waned and low flow SS concentrations returned to low levels. Dam construction through the 1960s and 1970s (the regulation period, 1960 on) disconnected the River Murray from catchment derived sediment. Despite this, SS levels increased again: now largely derived from instream sources including bank erosion from long duration summer irrigation flows, the spread of bottom‐feeding carp (Cyprinus carpio), and wave erosion from boats. Erosion switched from winter to summer dominated. Significant investment in securing water for the environment in the Murray‐Darling Basin could be complemented by addressing in‐channel sediment sources in the River Murray itself to reduce turbidity. Overall, European era SS concentrations remain relatively low with small sediment delivery to the ocean (0.1 Mt per annum), despite high catchment erosion rates. This is due to poor sediment delivery efficiency through the low‐gradient landscape.
Trade‐offs among road–stream crossing upgrade prioritizations based on connectivity restoration and erosion risk control
Authors: Lin Hsien‐Yung , Robinson Kelly F. , Walter Lisa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrioritizing projects to improve cost‐effectiveness has become a common practice in natural resources management, especially in selecting sites for river restoration work. Previous studies for prioritizing road–stream crossing upgrade projects focused on either restoring river connectivity or reducing sedimentation, even though crossings can affect connectivity and sedimentation simultaneously. In this study, we simulated site selection to maximize the improvement of connectivity restoration and sedimentation reduction of three prioritization schemes targeting (a) river connectivity, (b) erosion risk, or (c) both objectives concurrently and compared the results. Furthermore, we examined the relationships between the cost‐effectiveness of prioritizations and watershed characteristics. We found significant differences among the effectiveness of prioritization objectives; thus, trade‐offs should be taken into consideration when prioritizing crossings. The incorporation of spatial interdependency among crossings and weighting objectives could significantly change the cost‐effectiveness. We also found that splitting the budget and using a portion to individually prioritize each objective could be more cost‐effective than using the whole budget to achieve concurrent objectives. Watershed characteristics like size and connectivity‐ and sedimentation‐related factors could be used to help identify effective management for both connectivity restoration and sedimentation control.
Soil water and nitrogen dynamics from interaction of irrigation and fertilization management practices in a greenhouse vegetable rotation
Authors: Fan Yaqiong , Hao Xinmei , Ding Risheng , Kang Shaozhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuantifying the interactive effects of different irrigation and fertilization strategies on soil water and mineral N dynamics provides an important insight for developing more effective water and N use management practices. This experiment was carried out in a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (2016)–cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) (2016)–tomato (2017) rotation, with 12 treatments in total combining two irrigation methods (drip and furrow), two irrigation levels (high and low), and three fertilizer types (control [N0], organic N [N1], and inorganic N [N2]). Soil water content (SWC) and soil mineral N concentration were measured for soil depth of 0–80 cm. Relative to furrow irrigation, drip irrigation led to lower temporal variation and smaller differences between soil depths and treatments in SWC and soil NO3−–N concentration. A high irrigation level led to higher SWC and soil NO3−–N concentration for N1 and N2 treatments under drip irrigation, whereas furrow irrigation had the opposite results. About 42.8% mineral N (over soil depth of −20 to 80 cm) was stored at the ridge under furrow irrigation. Relative to the start of the experiment, N2 fertilizer application increased the soil mineral N content by about 450 kg ha−1, whereas N0 and N1 application decreased soil mineral N content by about 200 kg ha−1 by the end of the rotation. Yield for N1 was similar or higher than that of inorganic N treatments, with drip irrigation–high irrigation–organic N having the highest soil mineral N and the greatest yield, indicating that a combination of organic N fertilizer with appropriate irrigation practices can achieve the balance of high yield and low environmental risks.
Next generation sheltered instruction to support multilingual learners in secondary science classrooms
Authors: Buxton Cory A. , Caswell Linda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUsing findings from a 4‐year research and development effort, we propose an updated model of sheltered instruction for science classrooms that leverages the opportunities provided by the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) to better support multilingual learners in middle and high school science. Using data from teacher implementation logs and interviews, we examine how secondary grades science teachers' participation in our professional learning framework and subsequent enactments of an initial set of project instructional practices led these teachers to articulate nuanced and strategic adaptations to the initial practices to better meet the needs of the multilingual learners in their classrooms. We found that teachers moved away from implementing sheltered instruction practices based on general principles or formal classifications, such as students' English language proficiency level, instead taking a more nuanced approach to adopting, adapting and rejecting practices based on perceived needs, assets, and personal knowledge about individual multilingual students in the specific disciplinary context of science. Based on this analysis, we conceptualize and refine what we now see as a new and exploratory set of Next Generation Sheltered Instruction practices for integrating science and language to support multilingual learners in secondary science classrooms in the age of the NGSS.