bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hyperoxia on Critical Power and V˙O2 Kinetics during Upright Cycling
Authors: GOULDING RICHIE P. , ROCHE DENISE M. , MARWOOD SIMON 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Critical power (CP) is a fundamental parameter defining high-intensity exercise tolerance; however, its physiological determinants are incompletely understood. The present study determined the impact of hyperoxia on CP, the time constant of phase II pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics (τ
V˙O2), and muscle oxygenation (assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy) in nine healthy men performing upright cycle ergometry.

Methods
Critical power was determined in normoxia and hyperoxia (fraction of inspired O2 = 0.5) via four severe-intensity constant load exercise tests to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, repeated once in each condition. During each test, τ
V˙O2 and the time constant of muscle deoxyhemoglobin kinetics (τ[HHb]), alongside absolute concentrations of muscle oxyhemoglobin ([HbO2]), were determined.

Results
Critical power was greater (hyperoxia, 216 ± 30 W vs normoxia, 197 ± 29 W; P < 0.001), whereas W′ was reduced (hyperoxia, 15.4 ± 5.2 kJ; normoxia, 17.5 ± 4.3 W; P = 0.037) in hyperoxia compared with normoxia. τ
V˙O2 (hyperoxia, 35 ± 12 s vs normoxia, 33 ± 10 s; P = 0.33) and τ[HHb] (hyperoxia, 11 ± 5 s vs normoxia, 14 ± 5 s; P = 0.65) were unchanged between conditions, whereas [HbO2] during exercise was greater in hyperoxia compared with normoxia (hyperoxia, 73 ± 20 vs normoxia, 66 ± 15 μM; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study provides novel insights into the physiological determinants of CP and by extension, exercise tolerance. Microvascular oxygenation and CP were improved during exercise in hyperoxia compared with normoxia. Importantly, the improved microvascular oxygenation afforded by hyperoxia did not alter τ
V˙O2, suggesting that microvascular O2 availability is an independent determinant of the upper limit for steady-state exercise, that is, CP.
Trail Runners Cannot Reach V˙O2max during a Maximal Incremental Downhill Test
Authors: LEMIRE MARCEL , HUREAU THOMAS J. , REMETTER ROMAIN , GENY BERNARD , KOUASSI BLAH Y. L. , LONSDORFER EVELYNE , ISNER-HOROBETI MARIE-EVE , FAVRET FABRICE , DUFOUR STÉPHANE P. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was twofold: (i) determine if well-trained athletes can achieve similar peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) in downhill running (DR) versus level running (LR) or uphill running (UR) and (ii) investigate if lower limb extensor muscle strength is related to the velocity at V˙O2peak (vV˙O2peak) in DR, LR, and UR.

Methods
Eight athletes (V˙O2max = 68 ± 2 mL·min−1·kg−1) completed maximal incremental tests in LR, DR (−15% slope), and UR (+15% slope) on a treadmill (+1, +1.5, and +0.5 km·h−1 every 2 min, respectively) while cardiorespiratory responses and spatiotemporal running parameters were continuously measured. They were also tested for maximal voluntary isometric strength of hip and knee extensors and plantar flexors.

Results
Oxygen uptake at maximal effort was approximately 16% to 18% lower in DR versus LR and UR (~57 ± 2 mL·min−1·kg−1, 68 ± 2 mL·min−1·kg−1, and 70 ± 3 mL·min−1·kg−1, respectively) despite much greater vV˙O2peak (22.7 ± 0.6 km·h−1 vs 18.7 ± 0.5 km·h−1 and 9.3 ± 0.3 km·h−1, respectively). At vV˙O2peak, longer stride length and shorter contact time occurred in DR versus LR and UR (+12%, +119%, −38%, and −61%, respectively). Contrary to knee extensor and plantar flexor, hip extensor isometric strength correlated to vV˙O2peak in DR, LR, and UR (r = −0.86 to −0.96, P < 0.05). At similar V˙O2, higher heart rate and ventilation emerged in DR versus LR and UR, associated with a more superficial ventilation pattern.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that well-trained endurance athletes, accustomed to DR, achieved lower V˙O2peak despite higher vV˙O2peak during DR versus LR or UR maximal incremental tests. The specific heart rate and ventilation responses in DR might originate from altered running gait and increased lower-limb musculotendinous mechanical loading, furthering our understanding of the particular physiology of DR, ultimately contributing to optimize trail race running performance.
Exercise Intensity and Recovery on Circulating Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor
Authors: REYCRAFT JOSHUA T. , ISLAM HASHIM , TOWNSEND LOGAN K. , HAYWARD GRANT C. , HAZELL TOM J. , MACPHERSON REBECCA E. K. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an exercise-induced neurotropin mediating neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. Although exercise intensity is implicated as a potentially important mediator of BNDF release after exercise, the optimal exercise stimulus (interval vs continuous) and intensity (submaximal vs supramaximal) for augmenting circulating BDNF levels remains unknown. Irisin, an exercise-driven myokine, may also contribute to neuroprotection by upregulating BDNF.

Purpose
To examine the response and recovery of plasma BDNF and irisin after acute exercise of differing intensities.

Methods
Eight males (23.1 ± 3.0 yr of age; V˙O2max 51.2 ± 4.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed four acute exercise sessions: 1) moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT, 65% V˙O2max); 2) vigorous-intensity continuous training (VICT, 85% V˙O2max); 3) sprint interval training (SIT, “all out”); and 4) no exercise (CTRL). Blood was collected preexercise as well as immediately, 30 min, and 90 min postexercise. Plasma BDNF and irisin were assessed with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results
Plasma BDNF levels increased immediately after exercise in the SIT group (P < 0.0001) with plasma concentrations recovering 30 and 90 min postexercise. The BDNF levels after MICT were reduced 30 min postexercise compared with immediately postexercise (P = 0.0189), with no other changes across time points in MICT and VICT groups. Plasma BDNF area under the curve in SIT was significantly higher compared with CTRL, MICT, and VICT (P = 0.0020). No changes in plasma irisin across exercise groups and time points were found (P > 0.9999).

Conclusions
Plasma BDNF levels increased in an intensity-dependent manner with SIT eliciting the highest BDNF concentration immediately postexercise. These results identify SIT as a time-efficient exercise modality to promote brain health through BDNF release.
“But you have to start somewhere….”: Nurses’ perceptions of what is required to provide quality neonatal care in selected hospitals, Kenya
Authors: Nyikuri Mary , Kumar Pratap , Jones Caroline , English Michael 
Published: December 2019

Background:Kenya has one of the highest rates of neonatal mortality in the world at 22/1,000 live births. Improving the quality of newborn care would greatly improve survival rates. There is an increasing consensus that strong health systems are key to achieving improved health outcomes. However, there is significantly less agreement on what to strengthen in low and middle-income countries such as Kenya. As nurses are the main caregivers in many inpatient settings, efforts aimed at improving the quality of facility care for sick newborn babies need to take into account nurses views and opinions. Our intent in this paper is to describe the current state of the nursing environment and what would be required to improve the quality of those environs from nurses’ perspectives.Methods: Between January 2017 and March 2018, we collected data through non-participant observations, unsolicited conversations and review of admission registers. We also conducted 29 individual in-depth interviews with nurses working in the newborn units (NBU) of a public sector hospital (n=10), a private sector hospital (n=11) and a faith-based hospital (n=8). The interviews were digitally audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and, together with observation notes, analysed using thematic content analysis.Results:Nurses as frontline care givers and intervention intermediaries, irrespective of their work contexts, have similar aspirations, needs and expectations from the health systems of how they should be supported to provide quality inpatient care for newborns. These are about the structure of the work environment, especially human resources for health, and the consequences of inadequate structure. They are also about how care is organised and systems that respond to emergencies.Conclusion:Interventions and investments to improve quality need to be directed towards experienced based co-design where we listen to the problems that nurses experience.
Architecture and performance analysis of an optical metrology terminal for satellite-to-satellite laser ranging
Authors: Mandel Oliver , Sell Alexander , Chwalla Michael , Schuldt Thilo , Krauser Jasper , Weise Dennis , Braxmaier Claus 
Published: December 2019

Interferometric laser ranging is an enabling technology for
high-precision satellite-to-satellite tracking within the context of
Earth observation, gravitational wave detection, or formation flying.
In orbit, the measurement system is affected by environmental
influences, particularly satellite attitude jitter and temperature
fluctuations, imposing an instrument design with a high level of
thermal stability and insensitivity to rotations around the spacecraft
center of mass. The new design concept presented here combines
different approaches for dynamic heterodyne laser ranging and features
the inherent beam-tracking capabilities of a retroreflector in a
mono-axial configuration. It allows for a continuously adjustable
distance between the optical bench and the location of its fiducial
point, facilitating future inter-satellite tracking with nanometer
accuracy, e.g., the next-generation gravity mission.
Consideration of Sex Differences in the Measurement and Interpretation of Alzheimer Disease-Related Biofluid-Based Biomarkers
Authors: Mielke Michelle M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The development of cerebrospinal fluid and blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD) and related disorders is rapidly progressing. Such biomarkers may be used clinically to screen the population, to enhance diagnosis, or to help determine prognosis. Although the use of precision medicine methods has contributed to enhanced understanding of the AD pathophysiological changes and development of assays, one aspect not commonly considered is sex differences.

Content
There are several ways in which sex can affect the concentration or interpretation of biofluid biomarkers. For some markers, concentrations will vary by sex. For others, the concentrations might not vary by sex, but the impact or interpretation may vary by sex depending on the context of use (e.g., diagnostic vs prognostic). Finally, for others, there will be no sex differences in concentrations or their interpretation. This review will first provide a basis for sex differences, including differences in brain structure and function, and the means by which these differences could contribute to sex differences in biomarker concentrations. Next, the current state of sex differences in AD-related biofluid markers (i.e., amyloid-β, phosphorylated τ, total τ, neurofilament light chain, and neurogranin) will be reviewed. Lastly, factors that can lead to the misinterpretation of observed sex differences in biomarkers (either providing evidence for or against) will be considered.

Summary
This review is intended to provide an impetus to consider sex differences in the measurement and interpretation of AD-related biofluid-based biomarkers.
Hiatal Hernia Presenting with Recurrent Non‐ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Tamponade
Authors: Arvind Ashwini , Niec Rachel , Hajifathalian Kaveh , Zarnegar Rasa , Wan David 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Hiatal hernia is a common pathology, particularly among the elderly or obese populations. Occasionally, markedly dilated hernias can impinge on surrounding structures, notably the heart or lung. In such cases, morbidity can be considerable. We present a case of an enlarging hiatal hernia that compressed the heart, leading to recurrent non-ST elevation myocardial infarction with cardiac tamponade. The patient was successfully managed with nasogastric decompression and surgical repair. We recommend that extrapericardial pathology be considered in tamponade patients with concurrent hiatal hernia and that surgery should be considered the definitive treatment modality.
Hypnosis and learning: Pilot study on a group of students
Authors: Marinella Coco , Tiziana Ramaci , Giuseppe Viola , Antonino Guglielmino , Gregorio Giulia Di , Andrea Buscemi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Milton Erickson was the first to introduce hypnosis as a form of therapy during the post-war period. Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of hypnosis on memory, focusing principally on post-hypnotic amnesia, post-hypnotic hypermnesia, faux memories and learning growth.
The aim of the present study was to determine if hypnosis can influence visual-spatial memory by increasing its performance and learning; to do this, we chose to utilise the Corsi Test (backward and forward).

Methods
Three hundred second-year students enrolled in the psychology faculty at the University of Catania were informed of the research and its modalities, and an e-mail was sent to inquire if they wanted to participate in the experiment.
Seventy female students took part in the research; 10 were excluded because they presented a high risk of being influenced under hypnosis.
The 60 subjects in the research sample were randomly divided into two groups: the Experimental Group and Control Group.
The protocol prescribed administration of the Corsi Test at Time 0 (start) followed by a resting phase of 30 min. The hypnotic state was subsequently introduced, and the Corsi Test was administered again.

Results
The results of the Corsi Test for the Experimental Group showed statistically significant results (p<0.0004 and p<0.0001), while the results obtained in the Control Group did not show any significance.

Conclusions
These results led us to believe that hypnosis has the capacity to induce a nervous plasticity that supports learning of visual-spatial memory.
Experiment Study of Downstream Traffic Balancing Strategy on 40G Long Reach Coherent PON
Authors: Qin Panke , Wang Jiawei , Wu Jingru , Han Shangya , Ye Qing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Distributed high-bandwidth consumption services such as cloud computing require large-capacity, long-distance, and wide-coverage development requirements for Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks (NG-PON2). With the development of NG-PON2 technology, the optical line terminal (OLT) device structure of passive optical network (PON) system is also increasingly complex and heterogeneous. This leads to the problem of network congestion and low bandwidth utilization caused by the unbalanced use of link and port resources in the traditional core network in the PON network. Based on the 40G coherent PON experimental system, this paper studies the traffic balancing problem of OLT equipment, and proposes a dynamic traffic balancing strategy based on real-time monitoring of load sharing and reporting of police and periodic adjustment. The experimental results show that the designed dynamic traffic balancing strategy can effectively reduce the PON network blocking rate and improve bandwidth utilization.
An enameled wire with a semi-conductive layer: A solution for a better distibution of the voltage stresses in motor windings
Authors: Ait-Amar Sonia , Roger Daniel , Mateo Emmanuel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper analyzes a possible improvement of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) fed motor insulation according to a principle developed by the high voltages industry. The proposed principle consists in using a specific enameled wire made with an additional semi-conductive layer on its outer surface.
Experimental study is realized in order to measure Partial Discharges (PDs) activity with three technologies: Classical enameled wire, enameled wire with an external conductive layer (silver paint) and enameled wire with an external semi-conductive layer (2% of carbon nanoparticles). Simulations are made in order to understand the behavior of the new semi-conductive wire.
Improvement of stability and release of (-)-epicatechin by hot melt extrusion
Authors: Álvarez Catalina María , Restrepo-Uribe Laura , López Jorge Andrés , Estrada Omar Augusto , Noriega María del Pilar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Besides its poor dissolution in polymers, the stability, and bitterness of (-)-epicatechin present challenges for additional developments. Polymer formulations rich in flavonoids or other antioxidants can be developed by hot melt extrusion (HME) for enhancement of stability, release, and taste masking. The formulations are extruded at a temperature substantially below the melting point of (-)-epicatechin to avoid its degradation. The corresponding compound consists of about 50% wt. of an active nutraceutical ingredient, in this case (-)-epicatechin, and food grade polymers (GRAS: generally recognized as safe). In order to identify possible chemical or physical changes in the formulations, they were characterized using various techniques, such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarized optical microscopy, in vitro release profile, sensory analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The crystallinity of (-)-epicatechin was reduced after melt extrusion, but its chemical structure remained unchanged. The main contribution of this research is to shed light on the preparation of polymeric formulations based on (-)-epicatechin using HME as an encapsulation technique to improve stability, release, and taste masking, which may be scaled up and commercially launched as nutraceutical products.
Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitsforschung: Welche Daten liefert KiGGS?
Authors: Kuntz Benjamin , Mauz Elvira , Lange Michael , Kurth Bärbel-Maria 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die KiGGS-Studie des Robert Koch-Instituts liefert umfangreiche Befragungs- und Untersuchungsdaten zum Gesundheitszustand, zum Gesundheitsverhalten, zu psychosozialen Schutz- und Risikofaktoren, zur Gesundheitsversorgung und zu den Lebensbedingungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland. Während die wiederholt erhobenen Querschnittdaten neben aktuellen Informationen zur gesundheitlichen Lage von Kindern und Jugendlichen auch Trendaussagen über die Zeit ermöglichen, können mit den individuell verknüpfbaren Daten der KiGGS-Kohorte gesundheitliche Entwicklungen im Lebensverlauf dargestellt und deren Einflussfaktoren analysiert werden.
Fetale Prägung von ernährungsmitbedingten Krankheiten und frühe Prävention – die Mutter-Kind-Kohorte PEACHES
Authors: Landsberg Beate , Ensenauer Regina 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Mit dem globalen Anstieg von Adipositas und Komorbiditäten im Kindes- und Jugendalter gewinnen Primärpräventionskonzepte zunehmend an Bedeutung. Mithilfe der prospektiven Kohorte PEACHES (Programming of Enhanced Adiposity Risk in CHildhood – Early Screening), die Mütter mit bereits vor der Schwangerschaft bestehender Adipositas und deren Kinder einschließt, werden frühe Einflussfaktoren und Risikomarker für kindliches Übergewicht und assoziierte metabolische Erkrankungen erforscht, um gezielte Präventionsstrategien zu entwickeln.
„Präventionsradar“ – Studie zu Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit
Authors: Janssen Jana , Hansen Julia 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Präventionsradar untersucht das gesundheitsrelevante Verhalten von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland und wird seit 2016 einmal jährlich an Schulen durchgeführt. Durch die Kombination aus Quer- und Längsschnittstudie ermöglicht der Präventionsradar neben der Analyse des aktuellen Gesundheitsverhaltens auch die Betrachtung dieser Verhaltensweisen im Zeitverlauf. Des Weiteren werden durch den Präventionsradar Schulen in ihrer Präventionsarbeit unterstützt.
Wohlbefinden von Schulkindern: Übergänge und Klassenwiederholung als kritisches Ereignis?
Authors: Vockert Theres , Rathmann Katharina , Loter Katharina 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungSchüler*innen vollziehen während der Schulzeit meist einen Übergang von der Primar- zur Sekundarstufe und über 18% der Schulkinder in Deutschland erleben eine Klassenwiederholung. In der Lebenslaufforschung werden diese Übergänge als (kritische) Ereignisse diskutiert. Anhand empirischer Ergebnisse wird die Bedeutung von Übergängen als (kritisches) Ereignis für das Wohlbefinden der Schulkinder zusammengefasst und Implikationen abgeleitet, die zur Verbesserung des Wohlbefindens während dieser Transitionsphase beitragen können.
Gesundheitsförderung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderungen
Authors: Habermann-Horstmeier Lotte 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungKinder und Jugendliche mit Behinderung haben deutlich schlechtere Gesundheitschancen als andere Gleichaltrige. Die hier wirksamen Risikofaktoren –insbesondere vorgeburtliche und frühkindlich erworbene Faktoren –werden stark durch die jeweilige Behinderung beeinflusst. Sie stehen in Wechselwirkung mit materiellen und sozialen Umwelteinflüssen und können Ansatzpunkte für die vorwiegend verhältnisassoziierten gesundheitsfördernden und präventiven Maßnahmen sein.
Problemlösen als Facette der Resilienz: Beeinflusst die häusliche Lernumwelt das kognitive und soziale Problemlösen? – Daten aus dem KoAkiK-Projekta
Authors: Mai Matthias , Kula Antje , Brunemund Laura , Müller Anna Katharina , Rensing Ronja 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Fähigkeit, Herausforderungen und Probleme im Alltag erfolgreich zu bewältigen, gilt als wesentliche Facette von Resilienz und schützt Heranwachsende während ihrer gesamten Entwicklung. Zwei Möglichkeiten, sozial-kognitive Problemlösefähigkeiten im Vorschulalter zu erfassen, werden methodisch vorgestellt und empirisch mit der häuslichen Lernumwelt in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Daten stammen aus dem Verbundprojekt „Lernunterstützung durch kognitive Aktivierung in inklusiven Kitas (KoAkiK)“.
A Danish Poverty Line? Poverty Judgements by Students of Social Work, Pedagogy and Health Services
Authors: Monrad Merete , Ejrnæs Morten , Fuglsang Tine 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
When is a family poor? We examine what factors are emphasized when people judge whether a family is poor or not. The article is based on a factorial survey with 356 respondents who study social work, nursing, nursery teaching, nutrition and health. Based on theories of poverty, we study what aspects of a family’s life situation are accentuated when people judge whether the family is poor or not. The respondents primarily emphasize income in their poverty judgements. Some deprivations also enter into the judgements, while the duration of deprivations, gender and labor market participation have no or minimal significance for the judgements.
(Un-)Sicherheit, (In-)Konsistenz und vielerlei Maß
Authors: Dannerer Monika , Vergeiner Philip C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper deals with normative statements in interviews concerning the use of languages and varieties in university. A corpus of 123 interviews with teachers, students and administrative staff was used to investigate within an interactional approach the relation between the form of normative statements, the norms they refer to and the interactional situation in the interviews. This article shows by means of three exemplary analyses that the expression of normative expectations / evaluations is highly dependent not only on the validity, salience and effectiveness of the norms in question, but also on the interview situation itself. Seen as a social practice and not just as an instrument of elicitating attitudes and other metalinguistic data, the interview becomes a showcase of the interconnection of normative phenomena (norms, values, attitudes …), normative conflicts and their negotiation.