bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented reality‐enhanced navigation in endoscopic sinus surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Linxweiler Maximilian , Pillong Lukas , Kopanja Dragan , Kühn Jan P. , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Radosa Julia C. , Wang Jingming , Morris Luc G. T. , Al Kadah Basel , Bochen Florian , Körner Sandrina , Schick Bernhard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveEndoscopic sinus surgery represents the gold standard for surgical treatment of chronic sinus diseases. Thereby, navigation systems can be of distinct use. In our study, we tested the recently developed KARL STORZ NAV1 SinusTracker navigation software that incorporates elements of augmented reality (AR) to provide a better preoperative planning and guidance during the surgical procedure.MethodsOne hundred patients with chronic sinus disease were operated on using either a conventional navigation software (n = 52, non‐AR, control group) or a navigation software incorporating AR elements (n = 48, AR, intervention group). Incidence of postoperative complications, duration of surgery, surgeon‐reported benefit from the navigation system and patient‐reported postoperative rehabilitation were assessed.ResultsThe surgeons reported a higher benefit during surgery, used the navigation system for more surgical steps and spent longer time with preoperative image analysis when using the AR system as compared with the non‐AR system. No significant differences were seen in terms of postoperative complications, target registration error, operation time and postoperative rehabilitation.ConclusionThe AR enhanced navigation software shows a high acceptance by sinus surgeons in different stages of surgical training and offers potential benefits during surgery without affecting the duration of the operation or the incidence of postoperative complications.Level of evidence1b.
Next‐Generation Polymeric Nanomedicines for Oncology: Perspectives and Future Directions
Authors: Fletcher Nicholas L. , Kempe Kristian , Thurecht Kristofer J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrecision polymers as advanced nanomedicines represent an appealing approach for the treatment of otherwise untreatable malignancies. By taking advantage of unique nanomaterial properties and implementing judicious design strategies, polymeric nanomedicines are able to be produced that overcome many barriers to effective treatment. Current key research focus areas anticipated to produce the greatest impact in polymer applications in nanomedicine for oncology include new strategies to achieve “active” targeting, polymeric pro‐drug activation, and combinatorial polymer drug delivery approaches in combination with enhanced understanding of complex bio‐nano interactions. These approaches, both in isolation or combination, form the next generation of precision nanomedicines with significant anticipated future health outcomes. Of necessity, these approaches will combine an intimate understanding of biological interactions with advanced materials design. This perspectives piece aims to highlight emerging opportunities that promise to be game changers in the nanomedicine oncology field. Discussed herein are current and next generation polymeric nanomedicines with a focus towards structures that are, or could, undergo clinical translation as well as highlight key advances in the field.
Loss of Presynaptic Terminal Integrity in the Substantia Nigra in Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Delva Aline , Van Weehaeghe Donatienne , Koole Michel , Van Laere Koen , Vandenberghe Wim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has been hypothesized that the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) primarily affects presynaptic terminals and spreads trans‐synaptically.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and anatomical extent of presynaptic terminal loss across the brain in early PD. A second objective was to compare loss of presynaptic terminals and cell bodies within the nigrostriatal tract.MethodsA total of 30 patients with early PD and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls underwent positron emission tomography with 11C‐UCB‐J, a ligand for the universal presynaptic terminal marker synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), and with the dopamine transporter ligand 18F‐FE‐PE2I, as well as a detailed clinical assessment. Volumes of interest were delineated based on individual 3‐dimensional T1 magnetic resonance imaging. BPND images were calculated.ResultsPatients with PD showed significant loss of SV2A binding in the substantia nigra only. Loss of dopamine transporter binding in the PD group was much greater in the putamen than in the substantia nigra. We found no correlations between SV2A or dopamine transporter binding and any of the clinical motor or nonmotor scores. Homologous voxel‐based analysis in the PD group showed significant correlations between SV2A and dopamine transporter binding in the caudate and substantia nigra.ConclusionsPresynaptic terminals appear to be the most heavily affected subcellular compartment of nigrostriatal neurons in early PD. Moreover, early PD causes loss of presynaptic terminals that innervate the nigrostriatal neurons. This loss of presynaptic boutons in the substantia nigra may reflect an axonal response to target deprivation or could possibly point to a trans‐synaptic mode of propagation of the disease process. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Prenatal diagnosis of BACs‐on‐Beads assay in 1520 cases from Fujian Province, China
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Min , Chen Lingji , Huang Hailong , Xu Liangpu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the application of BACs‐on‐Beads (BoBs™) assay for rapid detection of chromosomal abnormalities for prenatal diagnosis (PND).MethodsA total of 1520 samples, including seven chorionic villi biopsy samples, 1328 amniotic fluid samples, and 185 umbilical cord samples from pregnant women were collected to detect the chromosomal abnormalities using BoBs™ assay and karyotyping. Furthermore, abnormal specimens were verified by chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).ResultsThe results demonstrated that the success rate of karyotyping and BoBs™ assay in PND was 98.09% and 100%, respectively. BoBs™ assay was concordant with karyotyping for Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18, and Trisomy 13, sex chromosomal aneuploidy, Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome, and mosaicism. BoBs™ assay also detected Smith–Magenis syndrome, Williams–Beuren syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, Miller–Dieker syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, Xp22.31 microdeletions, 22q11.2, and 17p11.2 microduplications. However, karyotyping failed to show these chromosomal abnormalities. A case of 8q21.2q23.3 duplication which was found by karyotyping was not detected by BoBs™ assay. Furthermore, all these chromosomal abnormalities were consistent with CMA and FISH verifications. According to the reports, we estimated that the detection rates of karyotyping, BoBs™, and CMA in the present study were 4.28%, 4.93%, and 5%, respectively, which is consistent with the results of a previous study. The respective costs for the three methods were about $135–145, $270–290, and $540–580.ConclusionBoBs™ assay is considered a reliable, rapid test for use in PND. A variety of comprehensive technological applications can complement each other in PND, in order to maximize the diagnosis rate and reduce the occurrence of birth defects.
In Situ Two‐Step Activation Strategy Boosting Hierarchical Porous Carbon Cathode for an Aqueous Zn‐Based Hybrid Energy Storage Device with High Capacity and Ultra‐Long Cycling Life
Authors: Zhou Zhiming , Zhou Xiaoyan , Zhang Miao , Mu Sainan , Liu Qirong , Tang Yongbing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAqueous Zn‐based hybrid energy storage devices (HESDs) exhibit great potential for large‐scale energy storage applications for the merits of environmental friendliness, low redox potential, and high theoretical capacity of Zn anode. However, they are still subjected to low specific capacities since adsorption‐type cathodes (i.e., activated carbon, hard carbon) have limited capability to accommodate active ions. Herein, a hierarchical porous activated carbon cathode (HPAC) is prepared via an in situ two‐step activation strategy, different from the typical one‐step/postmortem activation of fully carbonized precursors. The strategy endows the HPAC with a high specific surface area and a large mesoporous volume, and thus provides abundant active sites and fast kinetics for accommodating active ions. Consequently, pairing the HPAC with Zn anode yields an aqueous Zn‐based HESD, which delivers a high specific capacity of 231 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent rate performance with a retained capacity of 119 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1, the best result among previously reported lithium‐free HESDs based on carbon cathodes. Further, the aqueous Zn‐based HESD shows ultra‐long cycling stability with a capacity retention of ≈70% after 18 000 cycles at 10 A g−1, indicating great potential for environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and high‐safety energy storage applications.
An accurate integral equation method for Stokes flow with piecewise smooth boundaries
Authors: Bystricky Lukas , Pålsson Sara , Tornberg Anna-Karin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo-dimensional Stokes flow through a periodic channel is considered. The channel walls need only be Lipschitz continuous, in other words they are allowed to have corners. Boundary integral methods are an attractive tool for numerically solving the Stokes equations, as the partial differential equation can be reformulated into an integral equation that must be solved only over the boundary of the domain. When the boundary is at least $$C^1$$

C
1

smooth, the boundary integral kernel is a compact operator, and traditional Nyström methods can be used to obtain highly accurate solutions. In the case of Lipschitz continuous boundaries, however, obtaining accurate solutions using the standard Nyström method can require high resolution. We adapt a technique known as recursively compressed inverse preconditioning to accurately solve the Stokes equations without requiring any more resolution than is needed to resolve the boundary. Combined with a periodic fast summation method we construct a method that is $$\mathcal {O}(N\log N)$$

O
(
N
log
N
)

where N is the number of quadrature points on the boundary. We demonstrate the robustness of this method by extending an existing boundary integral method for viscous drops to handle the movement of drops near corners.
Indirect somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of Fraxinus mandshurica plants via callus tissue
Authors: Liu Yang , Wei Cheng , Wang Hao , Ma Xiao , Shen Hailong , Yang Ling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSomatic embryogenesis ofFraxinus mandshuricahas the problems of low somatic embryo (SE) yield, unsynchronized SE development, and a high percentage of deformed SEs. We aimed to improveF. mandshuricaSE production by synchronizing SE development, improving SE quality, and inducing root formation to obtain complete regenerated plants. Cotyledons of immature zygotic embryos ofF. mandshuricawere induced to form callus and then SEs. The SE induction percentage from explants differed among 32 mother trees, and the one with the highest SE induction percentage (29.8%) was used for further experiments. The highest callus induction percentage was 94.2% on ½-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (MS½) supplemented with 0.15 mg·L−1naphthalene acetic acid. The highest callus proliferation coefficient (240.5) was obtained on McCown’s Woody Plant Medium containing 0.1 mg·L−16-benzyl adenine and 0.15 mg·L−12, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The highest number of SEs (1020.5 g−1fresh weight) was obtained on MS½ medium supplemented with 1 mg·L−16-benzyladenine. The highest number of cotyledon embryos (397/g fresh weight) was obtained by incubating materials on medium containing 1 mg·L−1abscisic acid and then applying a drying treatment. The cotyledon embryos were milky white, uniformly sized (average length 4.7 mm), and 80% of them were normal. The SE rooting percentage on ½MS medium containing 0.01 mg·L−1NAA was 37.5%. Overall, the germination percentage of SEs was 26.4%, and complete regenerated plants were obtained after transplanting and acclimation. These results provide more possibilities for the preservation and breeding ofF. mandshurica.
Right at home: living with dementia and multi-morbidities
Authors: Cunningham Nicola A. , Cowie Julie , Methven Karen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDementia is recognised as the biggest health crisis of our time in terms of high personal and social costs and wider impact on health and social care systems. Increases in people living with dementia and multi-morbidities presents critical challenges for home care worldwide. Health-care systems struggle to provide adequate home-care services, delivering limited care restricted to a single-condition focus. This study explored the experiences and expectations of home care from the multiple perspectives of people living with dementia and multi-morbidities and home-care workers providing support. Findings draw from qualititative semi-structured interviews with people with dementia (N = 2), their partners (N = 2), other partners or family carers (N = 6) and home-care workers (N = 26). Three themes are identified: (a) the preference for and value of home; (b) inadequate home-care provision and enhanced care burden; and (c) limited training and education. Despite continued calls for home-care investment, the focus on reduction in costs hides key questions and further dialogue is required exploring how people with dementia can be supported to live independently and flourish at home. This study considers these complex experiences and care requirements through the prism of disability and human rights frameworks. This paper concludes with consideration of more recent human social rights debate. We discuss critically what this may mean for people living with dementia and consider the implications for co-requisite policy development to optimise available home-care support.
Can multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) be implemented into real-world drug decision-making processes? A Canadian provincial experience
Authors: Laba Tracey-Lea , Jiwani Bashir , Crossland Robert , Mitton Craig 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the implementation of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) into a Canadian public drug reimbursement decision-making process, identifying the aspects of the MCDA approach, and the context that promoted uptake.MethodsNarrative summary of case study describing the how, when, and why of implementing MCDA.ResultsFaced with a fixed budget, a pipeline of expensive but potentially valuable drugs, and potential delays to drug decision making, the Ministry of Health (i.e., decision makers) and its independent expert advisory committee (IAB) sought alternative values-based decision processes. MCDA was considered highly compatible with current processes, but the ability as a stand-alone intervention to address issues of opportunity cost was unclear. The IAB nevertheless collaboratively voted to implement an externally developed MCDA with support from decision makers. After several months of engagement and piloting, implementation was rapid and leveraged strong pre-existing formal and informal communication networks. The IAB as a whole rates new submissions which serves as an input into the deliberative process.ConclusionsMCDA can be a highly adaptable approach that can be implemented into a functioning drug reimbursement setting when facilitated by (i) a truly limited budget; (ii) a shared vision for change by end-users and decision makers; (iii) using pre-existing deliberative processes; and (iv) viewing the approach as a decision framework rather than the decision (when appropriate). Given the current limitations of MCDA, implementing an academically imperfect tool first and evaluating later reflects a practical solution to real-time fiscal constraints and impending delays to drug approvals that may be faced by decision makers.
The Art of Remediating Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Art Therapy Enhances Cognition and Increases Cortical Thickness in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Yu Junhong , Rawtaer Iris , Goh Lee Gan , Kumar Alan Prem , Feng Lei , Kua Ee Heok , Mahendran Rathi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:Previous research on art therapy (AT) in cognitive aging has been lacking. AT can potentially engender significant cognitive gains, due to its rigorous cognitive involvement, making it useful to tackle age-related cognitive decline. Along with these cognitive gains, associated neuroplastic changes are hypothesized to arise from AT as well. The current intervention examined the effects of an AT intervention on cognitive outcomes and cortical thickness (CT) among participants with mild cognitive impairment.Method:Participants were assigned to AT (n = 22) and an active control group (n = 27). In both, weekly 45-min sessions were carried out across 3 months. Cognitive assessments and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were carried out at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Whole brain analyses on CT were carried out. Cognitive outcomes were analyzed using hierarchical linear models.Results:Significant gains in immediate memory and working memory span were observed in the AT group, relative to the control group. Significantly increased CT in the AT group, relative to controls, was observed in a right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) cluster. Furthermore, CT changes in this cluster were significantly and positively correlated with changes in immediate memory.Conclusion:These findings highlighted the role of MFG neuroplasticity in enhancing certain cognitive functions in AT. AT is a neuroplastic intervention capable of engendering significant cognitive gains and associated cortical changes in the context of age-related cognitive decline, even when executed as a low-intensity intervention across 3 months. Given the preliminary nature of these findings, future larger sampled studies are needed.
Petromagnetic Characteristics of Serpentinization and Magnetite Formation at the Zedang Ophiolite in Southern Tibet
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Moskowitz Bruce M. , Zheng Jianping , Xiong Qing , Zhou Xiang , Yang Jingsui , Zhang Yuwen , Liu Qingsheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVariably serpentinized peridotites from the Zedang ophiolite in southern Tibet were magnetically and petrologically examined to understand the serpentinization process and evaluate the origin of magnetic anomalies in ultramafic‐hosted tectonic settings. Magnetite occurs in the serpentine and brucite veins and is identified as the dominant magnetic carrier by thermomagnetic and petrological analyses. The magnetic susceptibility increases rapidly from <0.001 to ~0.02 SI for the <50% serpentinized samples followed by nearly constant values of 0.02–0.03 SI above 50% serpentinization. This transition corresponds with the formation of Fe‐poor serpentine mesh (2–3 wt% FeO) and magnetite in the early stages and the replacement of mesh center olivine by Fe‐rich serpentine (4–5 wt% FeO) without magnetite in the late stages. Brucite veins occur in the 50–70% serpentinized samples and indicate serpentinization temperatures from ~250 to <100°C. The serpentinization may initiate at an oceanic spreading ridge center under high temperatures (>250–300°C) to produce magnetite and subsequently continue at lower temperatures (<200–250°C) in near‐seafloor settings and limit the magnetite formation, possibly associated with ophiolite emplacement. These serpentinized peridotites have higher magnetization intensities (average 2.26 Am−1) than dolerite dykes and basaltic volcanics (mostly <1 A m−1) in the area and should be the major source of aeromagnetic highs in the south Tibetan ophiolite belt.
Stress Effects on Flow and Transport in Three‐Dimensional Fracture Networks
Authors: Sweeney M. R. , Hyman J. D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe investigate the effects of various external stress regimes on fracture apertures, fluid flow, and solute transport in three‐dimensional fracture networks. We use well‐established geomechanics equations coupled with discrete fracture network modeling to characterize changes in primary flow paths within a complex network as a function of stress magnitude and orientation. These changes manifest in the alterations of the fluid flow field and are measured in terms of Eulerian and Lagrangian flow observables including solute transport, which is a key problem in many hydrologic applications. Changes in primary flow paths affect the solute transport in the network by promoting anomalously early arrival or long tailing behavior. However, early time arrival is not ubiquitous in anisotropically stressed networks and in most cases there is a delayed arrival of solute, which is attributed to (i) the presence of low‐velocity zones normal to the flow direction, (ii) the angle between flow direction and major compressive principal stress directions, and (iii) changes in the primary flow paths (i.e., increases in tortuosity and active network structure). Overall, flows become more channelized in anisotropically stressed fracture networks than in unstressed and isotropically stressed networks.
Indicator Patterns of Forced Change Learned by an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth A. , Toms Benjamin , Hurrell James W. , Ebert‐Uphoff Imme , Anderson Chuck , Anderson David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany problems in climate science require the identification of signals obscured by both the “noise” of internal climate variability and differences across models. Following previous work, we train an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the year of a given map of annual‐mean temperature (or precipitation) from forced climate model simulations. This prediction task requires the ANN to learn forced patterns of change amidst a background of climate noise and model differences. We then apply a neural network visualization technique (layerwise relevance propagation) to visualize the spatial patterns that lead the ANN to successfully predict the year. These spatial patterns thus serve as “reliable indicators” of the forced change. The architecture of the ANN is chosen such that these indicators vary in time, thus capturing the evolving nature of regional signals of change. Results are compared to those of more standard approaches like signal‐to‐noise ratios and multilinear regression in order to gain intuition about the reliable indicators identified by the ANN. We then apply an additional visualization tool (backward optimization) to highlight where disagreements in simulated and observed patterns of change are most important for the prediction of the year. This work demonstrates that ANNs and their visualization tools make a powerful pair for extracting climate patterns of forced change.