bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creative Practices of Care: The Subjectivity, Agency, and Affective Labor of Preparing Seeds for Long‐term Banking
Authors: Chacko Xan Sarah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLaying aside the question of whether saving seeds in freezers is the most promising long‐term solution to prevent the loss of plant biodiversity and secure our access to food in a troubled future climate, this article draws attention to the conditions of possibility that scaffold the seed bank world. Oft relegated to “tech” work that is unworthy of observation, this article focuses on the labor practices of seed curators as they prepare the seeds for their ultimate storage at the largest seed bank of wild plants—the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership in West Sussex, England. Contributing to the growing scholarship on care in technoscientific practice, I investigate how scientists summon their bodies, imaginations, and feelings to clean, screen, and count seeds, all the while producing knowledge that renders the seeds legible in the bank. By following the seeds through the experimental care practices espoused by scientists involved from the moment seeds arrive at the bank until they are ready for storage, I study how seemingly mundane tasks radically influence how “life” is being prepared for the future.[seed banking, gene banking, Millennium Seed Bank Partnership, care practice, laboratory studies, affective labor].
Designing, implementing and evaluating the overdose response with take‐home naloxone model of care: An evaluation of client outcomes and perspectives
Authors: Lintzeris Nicholas , Monds Lauren A. , Bravo Maria , Read Phillip , Harrod Mary E. , Gilliver Rosie , Wood William , Nielsen Suzanne , Dietze Paul M. , Lenton Simon , Shanahan Marian , Jauncey Marianne , Jefferies Meryem , Hazelwood Susan , Dunlop Adrian J. , Greenaway Martina , Haber Paul , Ezard Nadine , Malcom Annie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroduction and DesignsTake‐home naloxone (THN) interventions are an effective response to preventing overdose deaths, however uptake across Australia remains limited. This project designed, implemented and evaluated a model of care targeting opioid users attending alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment, needle and syringe programs (NSP) and related health services targeting people who inject drugs.Design and MethodsService providers, consumers and regulators collaboratively designed a THN brief intervention (ORTHN, Overdose Response with Take‐Home Naloxone) involving client education and supply of naloxone in pre‐filled syringes, delivered by nursing, allied health and NSP workers. ORTHN interventions were implemented in over 15 services across New South Wales, Australia. The evaluation included client knowledge, attitudes, substance use and overdose experiences immediately before and 3 months after ORTHN intervention in a subsample of participants.ResultsSix hundred and sixteen interventions were delivered, with 145 participants recruited to the research subsample, of whom 95 completed the three‐month follow up. Overdose‐related attitudes amongst participants improved following ORTHN, with no evidence of increased substance use or failure to implement other ‘first responses’ (e.g. calling an ambulance). Nine participants (10%) reversed an overdose using THN in the follow‐up period. Participants identified a willingness to access THN from a range of services. While a minority (16%) indicated they were unwilling to pay for THN, the median price that participants were willing to pay was $AUD20 (IQR $10.40).Discussion and ConclusionsThe ORTHN model of care for THN appears an effective way to disseminate THN to people who use opioids attending AOD, NSP and related health‐care settings.
Making drug policy in summer—drug checking in Australia as providing more heat than light
Authors: Ritter Alison 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThere was an exceptional drug policy debate in Australia over the summer of 2018–2019 regarding the availability of drug checking (pill‐testing) services at festivals. Drug checking is not a new intervention and has been available across Europe for many years. This paper aimed to analyse the nature of the policy debate.Design and MethodsData were sourced from public domain sites; online, TV and radio media, alongside documentation of advocacy actions. Analysis of the contents of the public debate was conducted through the theoretical lens of Science and Technology Studies, notably the work of Stengers.ResultsThe narratives identified in favour of pill‐testing focussed on the evidence available to date, the importance of informed choice and accessing a population to provide information and education. The arguments against pill‐testing included the belief that there is no such thing as safe drug use, the false sense of security that pill‐testing would engender and that the evidence to date is equivocal. Both those for and against pill‐testing shared the same goal—saving lives. However, the beliefs and values underpinning this goal differed. As the heat increased over summer, the debate became more polarised, but shedding little light.Discussion and ConclusionsDrug policy debate, which becomes polarised, and remains focussed on matters of fact, rather than matters of concern, seems unlikely to result in productive resolutions. A more ‘civilised’ mode of debate that situates knowledge, engages values, is conducted with humility and encourages hesitation (following Stengers) may be more productive.
In Challenging Times, A New Playbook for CPG Emerges
Authors: Wintrob Michael 
Published: November 2019

Once there was a tried‐and‐true playbook for consumer packaged goods (CPG) brands to compete and win. But a confluence of forces has forever changed the field of play. Now a new set of strategies and behaviors have emerged to guide CPG brands forward in today’s dynamic environment.A new set of strategies and behaviors has emerged to guide consumer packaged goods (CPG) brands forward in today’s dynamic environment.
Experimental research on bolted joint strength and dispersion in steel lattice transmission tower legs under low temperatures (−20°C to −45°C)
Authors: An Liqiang , Jiang Wenqiang , Zhang Haiwei , Wu Jiong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCold regions with subzero temperatures (−20°C to −45°C) have important impacts on the mechanical properties of structural steel used in lattice steel towers of overhead transmission line systems. The results from regular material tests are not appropriate for the accurate analysis of joint strength in cold weather conditions. This paper presents the tensile test results of 18 coupons of steel material and eight groups (18 specimens per group) of bolted joints with Q345 and Q420 steel under temperatures of 20°C, −20°C, and −45°C. The results show that the yield‐to‐ultimate strength ratio of the joints under low temperature conditions is beyond the range of 0.60 to 0.75 for Q420 structural steel. Suggestions are made on how to improve the accuracy of joint design for both the partial resistance factor and the design value of joint yield strength in cold regions.
Dark microbial CO2 fixation in temperate forest soils increases with CO2 concentration
Authors: Spohn Marie , Müller Karolin , Höschen Carmen , Mueller Carsten W. , Marhan Sven 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDark, that is, nonphototrophic, microbial CO2 fixation occurs in a large range of soils. However, it is still not known whether dark microbial CO2 fixation substantially contributes to the C balance of soils and what factors control this process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantitate dark microbial CO2 fixation in temperate forest soils, to determine the relationship between the soil CO2 concentration and dark microbial CO2 fixation, and to estimate the relative contribution of different microbial groups to dark CO2 fixation. For this purpose, we conducted a 13C‐CO2 labeling experiment. We found that the rates of dark microbial CO2 fixation were positively correlated with the CO2 concentration in all soils. Dark microbial CO2 fixation amounted to up to 320 µg C kg−1 soil day−1 in the Ah horizon. The fixation rates were 2.8–8.9 times higher in the Ah horizon than in the Bw1 horizon. Although the rates of dark microbial fixation were small compared to the respiration rate (1.2%–3.9% of the respiration rate), our findings suggest that organic matter formed by microorganisms from CO2 contributes to the soil organic matter pool, especially given that microbial detritus is more stable in soil than plant detritus. Phospholipid fatty acid analyses indicated that CO2 was mostly fixed by gram‐positive bacteria, and not by fungi. In conclusion, our study shows that the dark microbial CO2 fixation rate in temperate forest soils increases in periods of high CO2 concentrations, that dark microbial CO2 fixation is mostly accomplished by gram‐positive bacteria, and that dark microbial CO2 fixation contributes to the formation of soil organic matter.
Patients and relatives coping with inflammatory arthritis: Care teamwork
Authors: Brignon Morgane , Vioulac Christel , Boujut Emilie , Delannoy Caroline , Beauvais Catherine , Kivits Joelle , Poivret Didier , Giraudet Le Quintrec Janine‐Sophie , Untas Aurélie , Rat Anne‐Christine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how patients and relatives experience and talk together about their life with inflammatory arthritis.DesignQualitative research.SettingA convenience sample was used. Participants were recruited in seven rheumatology departments in France.ParticipantsPatients with rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis, agreeing to participate in the study with a relative, age at least 18 years.Data collection and analysisTwo psychologists conducted face‐to‐face interviews with 20 patient‐relative dyads (40 individuals). A thematic analysis followed a general inductive approach.ResultsSaturation was reached after interviews with 20 dyads. The analysis revealed four main themes: (a) disease ‘lived’ together: a new role for the relative (providing help in physical tasks, emotional support, acting as a driving force, having a role in medical care) and communication around the disease (not focusing on the disease); (b) impact of the disease on the relationship; (c) social impact of the disease on the dyad (social isolation); (d) difficulties and needs of the relative (need to better know the disease).ConclusionThis study has highlighted the importance of recognizing the role of the relative in the management of inflammatory arthritis disease, especially when medical decisions are shared with professionals. A joint approach to treatment is a basis for coping with the disease. This approach supposes (a) discussions about relatives’ new roles to clarify them, (b) patients’ and relatives’ communication skills and (c) a good understanding of each other, which can be improved by providing information on the disease and coping strategies for both the patient and the relative.
Nanoparticles in influenza subunit vaccine development: Immunogenicity enhancement
Authors: Khalaj‐Hedayati Atin , Chua Caroline Lin Lin , Smooker Peter , Lee Khai Wooi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe threat of novel influenza infections has sparked research efforts to develop subunit vaccines that can induce a more broadly protective immunity by targeting selected regions of the virus. In general, subunit vaccines are safer but may be less immunogenic than whole cell inactivated or live attenuated vaccines. Hence, novel adjuvants that boost immunogenicity are increasingly needed as we move toward the era of modern vaccines. In addition, targeting, delivery, and display of the selected antigens on the surface of professional antigen‐presenting cells are also important in vaccine design and development. The use of nanosized particles can be one of the strategies to enhance immunogenicity as they can be efficiently recognized by antigen‐presenting cells. They can act as both immunopotentiators and delivery system for the selected antigens. This review will discuss on the applications, advantages, limitations, and types of nanoparticles (NPs) used in the preparation of influenza subunit vaccine candidates to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses.
Inhibition of TIM‐4 protects against cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Zheng Lifang , Huang Yongqian , Wang Xinghua , Wang Xijia , Chen Wei , Cheng Wei , Pan Chunlian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTIM‐4 plays an important role in ischaemia‐reperfusion injury of liver and kidney; however, the effects of TIM‐4 on cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential role of TIM‐4 in experimental brain ischaemia‐reperfusion injury. In this study, cerebral ischaemia reperfusion was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 hour in C57/BL6 mice. The TIM‐4 expression was detected in vivo or vitro by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and flow cytometric analysis. In vivo, the administration of anti‐TIM‐4 antibodies significantly suppressed apoptosis, inhibited inflammatory cells and enhanced anti‐inflammatory responses. In vitro, activated microglia exhibited reduced cellular proliferation and induced IRI injury when co‐cultured with neurons; these effects were inhibited by anti‐TIM‐4 antibody treatment. Similarly, microglia transfected with TIM‐4 siRNA and stimulated by LPS + IFN‐γ alleviated the TIM‐4‐mediated damage to neurons. Collectively, our data indicate that the inhibition of TIM‐4 can improve the inflammatory response and exerts a protective effect in cerebral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Two Freshwater Oligotrich Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Oligotrichia), Pelagostrombidium fallax (Zacharias, 1895) Krainer, 1991 and Limnostrombidium viride (Stein, 1867) Krainer, 1995, with Brief Notes on Stomatogenesis
Authors: Song Wen , Pan Bo , El‐Serehy Hamed A. , Al‐Farraj Saleh A. , Liu Weiwei , Li Lifang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe morphology of two oligotrich ciliates, Pelagostrombidium fallax (Zacharias, 1895) Krainer, 1991 and Limnostrombidium viride (Stein, 1867) Krainer, 1995, collected from a freshwater pond in northern China, was studied based on live observation and protargol staining. Currently, undescribed features in the girdle kinety in P. fallax are (a) sparsely spaced single argyrophilic basal bodies in the shoulder region and (b) a U‐shape formed below the buccal peristome. An improved diagnosis for P. fallax is supplied, based on previous and present morphological descriptions. In addition, certain ontogenetic stages of P. fallax are reported for the first time. During division, two new embryonic bodies are successively generated de novo, the first one goes to the proter, the second one to the opisthe; the new canal derives from the old canal. The morphology of L. viride is redescribed in detail; the Chinese population is highly consistent with populations in Europe. The SSU rRNA gene of P. fallax was sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses, based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data, reveal that P. fallax and L. viride cluster with Strombidium species while the result of an AU test did not reject the possibility of monophyly of the family Pelagostrombidiidae.
Radical treatment of axillary osmidrosis using the VERSAJET™ II Hydrosurgery System or traditional open excision: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Xie Juan , Fang Ying , Zhao Yu , Cao Dongsheng , Li Honghong , Chen Zenghong , Xia Yijun , Lv Yang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAxillary osmidrosis, characterized by an unpleasant odor, renders social life difficult for young adults. This study aimed to compare traditional open excision and use of the VERSAJET™ II Hydrosurgery System for effectiveness and treatment complaints in the treatment of axillary osmidrosis.AimThe current study aimed to assess the curative effect of VERSAJET™ for axillary osmidrosis in a prospective cohort study, comparatively to traditional open excision.MethodIn this prospective cohort study, from October 2016 to March 2018, 31 and 34 patients treated with the VERSAJET™ II Hydrosurgery System and traditional open excision, respectively, were recruited and followed up for 6 months post‐treatment. Treatment outcomes were assessed, including surgical field size, operation time, postoperative complications, odor elimination, hair growth reduction, scarring, and patient satisfaction.ResultsThe VERSAJET™ group had significantly shorter operation (P < .001) and lower rates of complications, including hematoma (P = .014), wound dehiscence (P = .048), and epidermal erosion (P = .022) compared with the open excision group. A similar rate of good odor elimination (P = .925) was observed in both groups (96.77% and 97.05% in the VERSAJET™ and open excision groups, respectively). Most patients experienced sparsity of armpit hair following both procedures. Based on a comprehensive consideration of the whole operation process, recovery process, postoperative odor and scar, patients in the VERSAJET™ group were more satisfied compared with those in the open excision group (P = .008).ConclusionThe VERSAJET™ II procedure is shorter, with less postoperative scarring and fewer postoperative complications, compared with the traditional method. Therefore, the VERSAJET™ II procedure is superior to traditional open excision, as a new, radical treatment method for axillary osmidrosis.
Relationship between displacement of the masseter muscle during biting and masseter muscle quality and bite force in healthy elderly persons
Authors: Hara Koji , Tohara Haruka , Namiki Chizuru , Yamaguchi Kohei , Chantaramanee Ariya , Kobayashi Kenichiro , Saito Takayuki , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Okumura Takuma , Yoshimi Kanako , Nakane Ayako , Furuya Junichi , Minakuchi Shunsuke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough age‐related changes in muscle quality influence muscle strength, the relationship between masseter muscle (MM) quality and maximum biting force (MBF) has never been studied.ObjectiveThe aims of the study were to verify the relationship among MM quality, MBF, and the displacement of the MM while biting forcefully (MMD) and to clarify the age‐related decline in MBF in healthy elderly persons.MethodsSeventy‐four healthy community‐dwelling individuals (mean age, >65 years) from Tokyo metropolis were recruited. The thickness (index of muscle quantity), echo intensity (index of muscle quality) and displacement of the MM while biting forcefully (MMT, MMEI and MMD, respectively) were measured by ultrasonography. MBF was measured using a pressure‐sensitive sheet. Independent predictors of MBF and MMD were determined using multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and the number of present teeth.ResultsMBF was significantly correlated with the number of teeth (β = 0.577, P < .001) and MMD (β = 0.302, P = .015), but not with MMT (β = 0.019, P = .868) or MMEI (β = 0.054 P = .703). MMD was significantly correlated with MMEI (β = −0.606, P < .001), but not with MMT (β = 0.048, P = .681) or the number of teeth (β = 0.065, P = .613).ConclusionsMMEI was associated with MMD, an index of MBF, regardless of tooth number. The age‐related quality change in the MM might cause a decrease in its contraction, resulting in age‐related decline in MBF.
The prognostic nutritional index predicts survival and response to first‐line chemotherapy in advanced biliary cancer
Authors: Salati Massimiliano , Filippi Roberto , Vivaldi Caterina , Caputo Francesco , Leone Francesco , Salani Francesca , Cerma Krisida , Aglietta Massimo , Fornaro Lorenzo , Sperti Elisa , Di Maio Massimo , Ortega Cinzia , Fenocchio Elisabetta , Lombardi Pasquale , Cagnazzo Celeste , Depetris Ilaria , Gelsomino Fabio , Spallanzani Andrea , Santini Daniele , Silvestris Nicola , Aprile Giuseppe , Roviello Giandomenico , Scartozzi Mario , Cascinu Stefano , Casadei‐Gardini Andrea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn accurate risk‐stratification is key to optimize the benefit‐to‐risk ratio of palliative treatment in advanced biliary cancer. We aimed at assessing the impact of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on survival and treatment response in advanced biliary cancer (ABC) receiving first‐line chemotherapy.MethodsMedical records of ABC treated with standard chemotherapy at the Modena Cancer Centre were retrospectively reviewed for variables deemed of potential interest, including the PNI. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between the covariates and overall survival (OS).Results114 ABC fulfilled the inclusion criteria and made up the training cohort. A PNI cut‐off value of 36.7 was established using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. At both the univariate and the multivariate analysis, low PNI value (<36.7) was associated with shorter OS (P = .0011), together with increased NLR (P = .0046) and ECOG >1 (P < .0001). The median OS was 5.4 vs 12.1 months in the low‐ vs high PNI‐group. Moreover, a PNI value >36.7 resulted in a higher disease control in patients treated with gemcitabine/platinum combination (61.4% vs 34.3%). These results were validated in an independent cohort of 253 ABC.ConclusionsWe demonstrated and externally validated a prognostic role for the PNI in ABC treated with first‐line chemotherapy. Although the PNI turned out to be predictive in the subset of patients receiving platinum/gemcitabine combination, future prospective confirmation is needed.
Income shares, secular stagnation and the long‐run distribution of wealth
Authors: Petach Luke , Tavani Daniele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFour alarming stylized facts have recently emerged in the United States: (a) a decline in the labor share of income; (b) a decline in labor productivity; (c) an increase in the top 1% wealth share and (d) an increase in the capital‐income ratio. In Capital in the XXI Century, Thomas Piketty's argument is that the r > g inequality determines an increase in the capital‐income ratio; if the elasticity of substitution in production is above one, the profit share rises. We provide a contrasting explanation that draws from the Post Keynesian approach to differential saving propensities between classes and the Classical‐Marxian theory of induced technical change. In a simple model of “capitalists” and “workers,” we show that institutional changes that lower the labor share—declining unionization, increasing monopsony power in the labor market, the global ‘race to the bottom' in unit labor costs or the exhaustion of path‐breaking scientific discoveries—can reduce labor productivity growth because of the lessened incentives to innovate to save on labor costs. A falling labor share reduces workers' total savings, and wealth concentrates in the capitalists' hands. A higher profit share and wealth share both put pressure on accumulation: but the long‐run growth rate, which is anchored to labor productivity growth, has fallen. To restore balanced growth, the capital‐income ratio must rise, independent of the elasticity of substitution. These tendencies are not inevitable: taxation can be used to implement any wealth distribution targeted by policymakers, while worker‐crushing institutional arrangements can also in principle be reversed through policy. Neither change appears likely given the current institutional and global policy climate.