bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A practical model of the diffusion of oil‐based fluid into polyethylene
Authors: Zaribaf Fedra P. , Hassuji Tahir A. , Cookson Andrew N. , Gill Harinderjit S. , Pegg Elise C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is possible to modify the properties of semicrystalline polymers using diffusion to introduce additional functionality. For example, Vitamin E infused polyethylene has antioxidant properties, which enhances the longevity of the polyethylene. Lipiodol ultra fluid, an iodinated oil‐based contrast agent, can be used to enhance the X‐ray attenuation of medical grade polyethylene. To manufacture a part geometry with a sufficiently even distribution of oil for radiopacity, while maintaining the thermally dependent properties of the polymer (e.g., crystallinity) is a challenge. Rather than relying on trial and error, this study aimed to identify the simplest, most practical model, which could assist with planning for manufacturing of such parts. Models in 1D, 2D, and 3D were examined but only the 3D Fickian model was able to predict the profile of oil diffusion within polyethylene with suitable performance (as low as 7% inaccuracy for some diffusion conditions). The model was more accurate at the surface of the samples and at lower diffusion temperatures. The 3D Fickian model used in this study was capable of estimating the oil concentration in the surface of a polyethylene part after diffusion to a sufficient accuracy for planning manufacturing processes of oil‐infused polyethylene parts.
Comparative analysis of the processes of collagen concentration by ultrafiltration using different types of membranes
Authors: Batrinescu Gheorghe , Scutariu Roxana‐Elena , Nechifor Gheorghe , Ionescu Ioana‐Alexandra , Iancu Vasile‐Ion 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTangential flow filtration of the collagen protein solutions with a molecular weight 12, 14, and 24 kDa is investigated using flat sheet membranes. The effects of tangential ultrafiltration (UF) on the permeate properties using two regenerated celluloses (RCs) and two polyethersulfone (PES) membranes with molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) of 5 and 10 kDa are reported. The permeate and concentrate obtained in the UF experiments are characterized from a physical–chemical point of view by determining the temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, nitrogen content, and protein concentration. In addition, the experimental data are modeled using Hermia's model. The UF experiments demonstrated that permeate flux declined with increasing molecular weight of collagen at constant concentration (1%). Regardless of the molecular weight of collagen, the rejections decrease in the following order: PES 5 kDa > RC5kDa > RC10kDa > PES10kDa. In case of membrane with higher MWCO, the clogging phenomenon is mainly due to the blockage of the internal pores of the membrane than the formation of a polarization layer. Morphologies and characteristics of the membranes are characterized using scanning electron microscopy.
Reducing the crystallinity of high molecular weight poly (ethylene oxide) using ultraviolet cross‐linking for preparation of gas separation membranes
Authors: Motahari Fereshteh , Raisi Ahmadreza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCO2‐selective cross‐linked poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) membranes were prepared by the UV irradiation of high molecular weight PEO in the presence of benzophenone as photo‐initiator, which act as a hydrogen‐abstracting agent. The main goal was to study the effects of the cross‐linking process on the structural properties of hydrogel films intended for the gas separation applications. It was found that the gel fraction, and cross‐link density enhanced, and the crystallinity, and the size of spherulites decreased by the cross‐linking process. Moreover, the permeation performances for N2, O2, CH4, and CO2and the relationship between the gas permeation performances and physical properties were investigated. The results indicated that the degree of cross‐linking and crystallinity could be controlled by changing the initiator concentration, as by increasing the initiator content, the crystallinity percent and gas permeability of the membranes decreased, and the gas pair ideal selectivity of CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, CH4/N2, and O2/N2increased.
Microcrack surface density in the human otic capsule: An unbiased stereological quantification
Authors: Hansen Lars Juul , Bloch Sune Land , Frisch Thomas , Sørensen Mads Sølvsten 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBone is continuously remodeled to repair and strengthen degenerative bone with accumulating dead osteocytes and microfractures. Inner ear osteoprotegerin (OPG)‐mediated inhibition of otic capsular bone remodeling causes excessive perilabyrinthine bone degeneration. Consequently, microcracks accumulate around the inner ear. Microcracks cause osteocyte apoptosis and may disrupt the canalicular network connecting osteocytes. Despite their linear microscopic appearance, microcracks are three‐dimensional disruption planes and represent surface areas inside a tissue space. With an elevated microcrack burden the number of disconnected osteocytes is expected to increase. This may prove relevant to ongoing research in otic focal pathologies like otosclerosis. Therefore, an unbiased quantification of the microcrack surface density (mm2/mm3) in the human otic capsule is essential. In this study unbiased stereology was applied to undecalcified bulk stained human temporal bones to demonstrate its feasibility in describing the three‐dimensional reality behind two dimensional observations of microcracks. A total of 28 human temporal bones and five ribs were bulk stained in basic fuchsin, serially sectioned and hand‐ground to a thickness of 80–120 μm. Both horizontal and vertical sections were produced and compared. This study showed that surface density of microcracks was significantly higher around the inner ear compared to ribs. Furthermore, no significant difference in microcrack surface density between horizontal and vertical sections in the temporal bone was demonstrated.
Defect Engineering of van der Waals Solids for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Leping , Yang Xiaohan , Yu Lingxiao , Lv Ruitao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVan der Waals solids with tunable band gaps and interfacial properties have been regarded as a class of promising active materials for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, due to the anisotropic features, their basal planes are usually electrochemically inert, only a few unsaturated edge atoms could serve as active centers to actuate H2 generation. Hence, material utilization and productivity efficiency are insufficient for practical applications. Recently, diverse defects have been confirmed to enable tailoring atomic configurations and electronic properties of van der Waals solids, thus triggering their superior catalytic activity of in‐plane atoms while introducing high amount of new active sites. In this minireview, we summarize the state‐of‐the‐art progress of defect engineering in van der Waals solids for HER, focusing in particular on their advantages in material modification and corresponding catalytic mechanisms. We also propose the challenges and perspectives of these catalytic materials in terms of both experimental synthesis and fundamental understanding of the defect structures.
Solvent‐free liquid avidin as a step toward cold chain elimination
Authors: Bui‐Le Liem , Brogan Alex P. S. , Hallett Jason P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe temperature sensitivity of vaccines and therapeutic proteins forces the distribution of life‐saving treatments to rely heavily on the temperature‐controlled (usually 2–8°C) supply and distribution network known as the cold chain. Here, using avidin as a model, we demonstrate how surface engineering could significantly increase the thermal stability of therapeutic proteins. A combination of spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared, circular dichroism, and ultraviolet‐visible) and scattering techniques (dynamic light scattering, small‐angle, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering) were deployed to probe the activity, structure, and stability of the model protein. Temperature‐dependent synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to demonstrate a significant increase in thermal stability, with a half denaturation temperature of 139.0°C and reversible unfolding with modified avidin returning to a 90% folded state when heated to temperatures below 100°C. Accelerated aging studies revealed that modified avidin retained its secondary structure after storage at 40°C for 56 days, equivalent to 160 days at 25°C. Furthermore, binding studies with multiple ligands revealed that the binding site remained functional after modification. As a result, this approach has potential as a storage technology for therapeutic proteins and the elimination of the cold chain, enabling the dissemination of life‐saving vaccines worldwide.
Exploration of the scientific papers and self‐assessment of students using the COVID‐19 case on biochemistry course
Authors: Anwar Yunita Arian Sani , Muti'ah Muti'ah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a case that can be used as a biochemistry learning resource in relation to the topic of viruses. Learning to use cases will be effective if students are assigned to produce reports, articles, or other scientific papers. Self‐assessment can be used to assess the competencies that have been learnt in the writing process. This study aims to analyze the scientific papers and self‐assessment of students using the COVID‐19 pandemic case. It includes qualitative research with scientific paper and self‐assessment questionnaire analyses. The research sample was chemistry education study program students (N = 57) following biochemistry course, out of a population of 87 students. The results show that the students have a good understanding of explaining COVID‐19. Self‐assessment analysis shows that 80% of the students responded positively to eight statements; those who gave positive responses to each questionnaire statement were able to produce scientific papers. Good self‐assessment is in line with the ability of students to compile good scientific papers.
The most commonly injured nerves at surgery: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sharp Elizabeth , Roberts Melissa , Żurada‐Zielińska Agnieszka , Zurada Anna , Gielecki Jerzy , Tubbs Richard Shane , Loukas Marios 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIatrogenic nerve injury during surgery is a major source of concern for both patients and surgeons. This study aimed to identify the nerves most commonly injured during surgery, along with the commonly associated operative procedures. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database to identify nerves commonly injured during surgery, along with the surgical procedure associated with the injury. The following 11 nerves, ranked in order with their associated surgical procedures, were found to be the most commonly injured: (a) intercostobrachial nerve in axillary lymph node dissections and transaxillary breast augmentations, (b) vestibulocochlear nerve in cerebellopontine tumor resections and vestibular schwannoma removals, c) facial nerve in surgeries of the inner ear and cheek region, (d) long thoracic nerve in axillary lymph node dissections, (e) spinal accessory nerve in surgeries of the posterior triangle of the neck and cervical lymph node biopsies, (f) recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgeries, (g) genitofemoral nerve in inguinal hernia and varicocele surgeries, (h) sciatic nerve in acetabular fracture repairs and osteotomies, (i) median nerve in carpal tunnel release surgeries, (j) common fibular nerve in varicose vein and short saphenous vein surgeries, and (k) ulnar nerve in supracondylar fracture surgeries. Although the root cause of iatrogenic nerve injury differs for each nerve, there are four unifying factors that could potentially decrease this risk for all peripheral nerves. These four influencing factors include knowledge of potential anatomical variations, visual identification of at‐risk nerves during the procedure, intraoperative nerve monitoring, and expertise of the surgeon.
Metal Ion Promiscuity and Structure of 2,3‐Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Decarboxylase of Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Hofer Gerhard , Sheng Xiang , Braeuer Simone , Payer Stefan E. , Plasch Katharina , Goessler Walter , Faber Kurt , Keller Walter , Himo Fahmi , Glueck Silvia M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBroad substrate tolerance and excellent regioselectivity, as well as independence from sensitive cofactors have established benzoic acid decarboxylases from microbial sources as efficient biocatalysts. Robustness under process conditions makes them particularly attractive for preparative‐scale applications. The divalent metal‐dependent enzymes are capable of catalyzing the reversible non‐oxidative (de)carboxylation of a variety of electron‐rich (hetero)aromatic substrates analogously to the chemical Kolbe‐Schmitt reaction. Elemental mass spectrometry supported by crystal structure elucidation and quantum chemical calculations verified the presence of a catalytically relevant Mg2+ complexed in the active site of 2,3‐dihydroxybenoic acid decarboxylase from Aspergillus oryzae (2,3‐DHBD_Ao). This unique example with respect to the nature of the metal is in contrast to mechanistically related decarboxylases, which generally have Zn2+ or Mn2+ as the catalytically active metal.
Self‐Assembly of Benzimidazole‐Derived Tris‐NHC Ligands and AgI‐Ions to Hexanuclear Organometallic Cages and Their Unusual Transmetalation Chemistry
Authors: Nishad Rajeev C. , Rit Arnab 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMulti‐ligand self‐assembly to attain the AgI‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐built hexanuclear organometallic cages of composition [Ag6(3 a,b)4](PF6)6 from the reaction of benzimidazole‐derived tris(azolium) salts [H3‐3 a,b](PF6)3 with Ag2O was achieved. The molecular structures of the cages were established by X‐ray diffraction studies along with NMR and MS analyses. The existence of a single assembly in solution was supported by diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) 1H NMR spectra. Further, transmetalation reactions of these self‐assembled complexes, [Ag6(3 a,b)4](PF6)6, with CuI/AuI‐ions provided various coinage metal‐NHC complexes having diverse molecular compositions, which included the first example of a hexanuclear CuI‐dodecacarbene complex, [Cu6(3 b)4](PF6)6.
Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene (CAAC) Gold(I) Complexes as Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Proetto Maria T. , Alexander Kelsey , Melaimi Mohand , Bertrand Guy , Gianneschi Nathan C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes (CAACs) have become forceful ligands for gold due to their ability to form very strong ligand‐metal bonds. Inspired by the success of Auranofin and other gold complexes as antitumor agents, we have studied the cytotoxicity of bis‐ and mono‐CAAC‐gold complexes on different cancer cell lines: HeLa (cervical cancer), A549 (lung cancer), HT1080 (fibrosarcoma) and Caov‐3 (ovarian cancer). Further investigations aimed at elucidating their mechanism of action are described. This includes quantification of affinities for TrxR, evaluation of their bioavailability and determination of associated cell death process. Moreover, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to study morphological changes upon exposure. Noticeably, a significant reduction in non‐specific binding to serum proteins was observed with CAAC complexes when compared to Auranofin. These results confirm the potential of CAAC‐gold complexes in biological environments, which may result in more specific drug‐target interactions and decreased side effects.
Chiral Spirocyclic Phosphoric Acids and Their Growing Applications
Authors: Lin Xufeng , Wang Lei , Han Zhao , Chen Zhouli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChiral spirocyclic phosphoric acids (SPAs) are introduced in 2010 and have been versatile catalysts capable of promoting a wide range of asymmetric organocatalytic reactions, such as multi‐component reactions, Friedel–Crafts reactions, Pictet–Spengler reactions, Fischer indolizations, cycloaddition reactions, desymmetrization reactions, dearomatization reactions, conjugate addition reactions and rearrangement reactions, etc. Moreover, a diverse range of applications in metal‐organic cooperative catalysis, organic photoredox catalysis, total synthesis, materials science and molecular recognition are beautifully illustrated. This account summarizes the past decade's advances in this field and highlights the selected but not comprehensive significant achievements.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Developing SPINOL‐phosphoric acids (SPAs), TM‐SPINOL‐phosphoric acids (SPAs 2.0) and PCP‐derived planar chiral phosphoric acids (PPAs) for asymmetric catalysis.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Curiosity, optimism, self‐confidence and persistence.What's your hobbies? What's your favorite book(s)?I enjoy cooking. My favorite book is Journey to the West.Who influences you mostly in your life?My mother.What is your favorite journal(s)?The journals publishing the original and systematic work of synthetic chemistry.Could you please give us some advices on improving Chinese Journal of Chemistry?Fast review, fast publication, fast promotion via new media.
Role of eIF4A1 in triple‐negative breast cancer stem‐like cell‐mediated drug resistance
Authors: Raman Dayanidhi , Tiwari Amit K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn cap‐dependent translation, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A1) is an mRNA helicase is involved in unwinding of the secondary structure, such as the stem‐loops, at the 5′‐leader regions of the key oncogenic mRNAs. This facilitates ribosomal scanning and translation of the oncogenic mRNAs. eIF4A1 has a regulatory role in translating many oncoproteins that have vital roles in several steps of metastases. Sridharan et. al. have discovered and provide a novel insight into how eIF4A1 can play a regulatory role in drug resistance by influencing the levels of pluripotent Yamanaka transcription factors and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) stem‐like cells. These findings may help us understand the molecular underpinnings of chemoresistance, especially in established metastases in TNBC. Importantly, eIF4A1 may form a novel clinical target in metastatic TNBC and the drug eFT226 from Effector Therapeutics targeting eIF4A1 is already in phase1‐2 clinical trial.
Assessing the interrelationship corporate environmental responsibility, innovative strategies, cognitive and hierarchical CEO: A stakeholder theory perspective
Authors: Shah Syed Ghulam Meran , Sarfraz Muddassar , Ivascu Larisa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of the study is to contemplate the effectiveness of cognitive CEO, hierarchical CEO, and innovative strategies on corporate environmental responsibility. Remarkably, the theoretical contribution has been revitalized while signifying the stakeholder theory perspective, which enunciates on the significance of corporate environmental responsibility. For empirical analysis, the data have been collected from the 1,070 listed Chinese firms for the year 2015–2019. The contributable concept of cognitive CEO has been formulated through CEO tenure, education, goodwill, and attainment of tacit knowledge while employing the DAE statistical technique. Hierarchical CEO and its three categorizations have been formulated by analyzing listed companies' profiles. Meanwhile, corporate environmental responsibility has been formulated, signifying the nine environmental attributes. It has been examined that innovative strategies boost corporate environmental responsibility, but its intensity is weak. Specifically, empirical underpinnings also envisage the cognitive CEO as compared to hierarchical CEO or medium hierarchical CEO, the vigorous promoter of corporate environmental responsibility.
Clinical efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in critical ill patients with COVID‐19: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shao Ziyun , Feng Yongwen , Zhong Li , Xie Qifeng , Lei Ming , Liu Zheying , Wang Conglin , Ji Jingjing , Liu Huiheng , Gu Zhengtao , Hu Zhongwei , Su Lei , Wu Ming , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak is a major challenge all over the world, without acknowledged treatment. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been recommended to treat critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients in a few reviews, but the clinical study evidence on its efficacy in COVID‐19 patients was lacking.Methods325 patients with laboratory‐confirmed critical COVID‐19 were enrolled from 4 government‐designated COVID‐19 treatment centres in southern China from December 2019 to March 2020. The primary outcomes were 28‐ and 60‐day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were the total length of in‐hospital and the total duration of the disease. Subgroup analysis was carried out according to clinical classification of COVID‐19, IVIG dosage and timing.ResultsIn the enrolled 325 patients, 174 cases used IVIG and 151 cases did not. The 28‐day mortality was improved with IVIG after adjusting confounding in overall cohort (P = 0.0014), and the in‐hospital and the total duration of disease were longer in the IVIG group (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that only in patients with critical type, IVIG could significantly reduce the 28‐day mortality, decrease the inflammatory response and improve some organ functions (all P < 0.05); the application of IVIG in the early stage (admission ≤ 7 days) with a high dose (> 15 g per day) exhibited significant reduction in 60‐day mortality in the critical‐type patients.ConclusionEarly administration of IVIG with high dose improves the prognosis of critical‐type patients with COVID‐19. This study provides important information on clinical application of IVIG in the treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, including patient selection and administration dosage and timing.
The effect of concomitant COVID‐19 infection on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure
Authors: Chatrath Nikhil , Kaza Nandita , Pabari Punam A. , Fox Kevin , Mayet Jamil , Barton Carys , Cole Graham D. , Plymen Carla M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsPatients with cardiovascular disease appear particularly susceptible to severe COVID‐19 disease, but the impact of COVID‐19 infection on patients with heart failure (HF) is not known.This study aimed to quantify the impact of COVID‐19 infection on mortality in hospitalized patients known to have HF.Methods and resultsWe undertook a retrospective analysis of all patients admitted with a pre‐existing diagnosis of HF between 1 March and 6 May 2020 to our unit. We assessed the impact of concomitant COVID‐19 infection on in‐hospital mortality, incidence of acute kidney injury, and myocardial injury. One hundred and thirty‐four HF patients were hospitalized, 40 (29.9%) with concomitant COVID‐19 infection. Those with COVID‐19 infection had a significantly increased in‐hospital mortality {50.0% vs. 10.6%; relative risk [RR] 4.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.42–9.12], P < 0.001} and were more likely to develop acute kidney injury [45% vs. 24.5%; RR 1.84 (95% CI 1.12–3.01), P = 0.02], have evidence of myocardial injury [57.5% vs. 31.9%; RR 1.81 (95% CI 1.21–2.68), P < 0.01], and be treated for a superadded bacterial infection [55% vs. 32.5%; RR 1.67 (95% CI 1.12–2.49), P = 0.01].ConclusionsPatients with HF admitted to hospital with concomitant COVID‐19 infection have a very poor prognosis. This study highlights the need to regard patients with HF as a high‐risk group to be shielded to reduce the risks of COVID‐19 infection.