bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hosts and environment overshadow spatial distance as drivers of bat fly species composition in the Neotropics
Authors: Eriksson Alan , Doherty Jean‐François , Fischer Erich , Graciolli Gustavo , Poulin Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimDetermine the relative influence of geographical distance, environmental differences, and host species composition on the similarity of bat fly species composition.LocationNeotropics.TaxonBats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) and bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae).MethodsAbundance data on bats and ectoparasites were obtained from published studies. The relative influences of environmental variation (annual precipitation, temperature seasonality, elevation, and NDVI), host species composition, and geographic distance on parasite community composition were analysed with Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling and variance partitioning. Additionally, we evaluated the influence of these environmental variables and geographic distance on host species composition.ResultsOur model explains 45.3% of the variance in the dissimilarity of bat fly species. Host species composition had the most significant influence on bat fly species composition across communities, followed by environmental effects. Variance partitioning showed that host species composition explained 14.9% and environmental characteristics explained 10.3% of the variance in bat fly species dissimilarity. Geographical distance alone had a negligible effect as it accounted for only 0.007% of the variance in bat fly species composition. Host species composition was mainly influenced by geographic distance (18.0%) and secondarily by environmental variables (9.8%). The most important environmental variables influencing parasite and host species composition were annual precipitation and temperature seasonality, respectively.Main ConclusionsThe lack of relationship between geographical distance and bat fly species composition may reflect either the high mobility or the high dispersal capacity of bat flies, or a combination of these. Alternatively, it could reflect a taxonomic artefact. Environmental differences seem to directly affect bat flies, as opposed to affecting them indirectly through their impact on the hosts. Our results support the fundamental role that host species composition plays in determining the species composition of highly host‐specific parasites. However, we argue that host specificity is not the only trait impacting ectoparasite species composition.
A Belgian consensus on the definition of a treat‐to‐target outcome set in psoriasis management
Authors: Grine L. , de la Brassinne M. , Ghislain P.‐D. , Hillary T. , Lambert J. , Segaert S. , Willaert F. ,   Belgian Psoriasis T2T Specialist Group, Lambert J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTreat‐to‐target (T2T) is an algorithm to reach a predefined outcome. Here, we define a T2T outcome for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis vulgaris.MethodsBriefly, the study included a literature review, discussions with key opinion leaders, recruitment of additional dermatologists with experience in managing moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis, 3 eDelphi survey rounds and a patient focus group. Relevant topics were selected during discussions prior to the survey for the statements. Surveys were based on the eDelphi methodology for consensus‐building using a series of statements. Consensus was defined as at least 80% of participants agreeing. A psoriasis patient focus group provided feedback on topic selection and outcome.ResultsA total of 5 discussions were held, and 3 eDelphi rounds were conducted with an average of 19 participants per round. The T2T outcome was set assuming shared decision between patient and dermatologist, awareness and referral for comorbidities by the dermatologist and appropriate treatment adherence by the patient. We defined ‘ideal’ and ‘acceptable’ targets; the latter referring to conditions restricting certain drugs. The T2T outcome was multidimensional, including ≥ ΔPASI90/75 or PGA ≤ 1, itch VAS score ≤ 1, absence of disturbing lesions, DLQI ≤ 1/3, incapacity daily functioning VAS score ≤ 1, safety ≤ mild side‐effects and full/mild tolerability of treatment for the ideal and acceptable target, respectively. Finally, time to achieve the T2T outcome was set at 12 weeks after initiation for all treatments. At all times, safety should not exceed the presence of mild side‐effects.ConclusionWith this novel T2T composite outcome for psoriasis, clinicians and patients can make shared decisions on the treatment goals they envisage, as a guidance for future treatment steps – leading to a tight control management of the disease.
Taxonomic revision ofHypostomus albopunctatus(Siluriformes: Loricariidae) reveals a new piece of theHypostomusjigsaw in the upper Rio Paraná basin
Authors: Zawadzki Cláudio H. , Tencatt Luiz F. C. , Britski Heraldo A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHypostomus albopunctatuswas described from the Rio Piracicaba, a tributary of the Rio Tietê, upper Rio Paraná basin. Nevertheless, specimens attributed to this species are commonly found throughout other river systems in the upper Rio Paraná basin and present varying degrees of morphological variation. A taxonomic review ofH. albopunctatusbased on large series of specimens from many localities throughout the upper Rio Paraná basin was carried out. Results supportH. lexi,H. nigerandH. scaphycepsas junior synonyms.Hypostomus albopunctatusdiffers from all congeners exceptH. heraldoiby having pectoral‐fin spine equal to or shorter than pelvic‐fin spine (v. longer); it differs fromH. heraldoiby having white or light yellow spots on the body and fins (v. dark brown or black spots). Despite conspicuous variation related to the shape and size of the spots and snout morphology, both spot and snout patterns overlapped among the examined populations, thus this variation was inferred to be intraspecific within a widely distributedH. albopunctatus.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is a potential risk factor for liver injury caused by immune checkpoint inhibitor
Authors: Sawada Koji , Hayashi Hidemi , Nakajima Shunsuke , Hasebe Takumu , Fujiya Mikihiro , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and AimBecause of their survival benefits, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely administered to patients with various advanced‐stage malignancies. During ICI treatment, drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) occasionally occurs. In particular, hepatic immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are rare but serious and fatal. In patients with hepatic irAEs, immediate steroid treatment is generally recommended; however, the risk factors for ICI‐associated DILI remain unknown. In the present study, we identified a risk factor for ICI‐associated DILI.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 135 patients treated with anti‐programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) antibodies, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, at Asahikawa Medical University Hospital. We investigated grade ≥ 2 hepatotoxic AEs during anti‐PD‐1 therapy, and PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI was then diagnosed according to the Digestive Disease Week Japan (DDW‐J) 2004 scale. The risk factors for PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI were identified by Cox hazard analysis.ResultsThirty‐six patients developed grade ≥ 2 hepatic AEs during anti‐PD‐1 therapy. Among them, eight patients were diagnosed with PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI based on the DDW‐J 2004 scale. Cox hazard analysis revealed that non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was a risk factor for PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI. In addition, we revealed that the outcomes of patients with the DDW‐J 2004 score = 3 were improved without steroid treatment.ConclusionsNAFLD is a potential risk factor for PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI based on the DDW‐J 2004 scale. The DDW‐J 2004 scale might be useful for determining whether steroid treatment is required in patients with PD‐1 inhibitor‐associated DILI.
Psychological well‐being of fathers with and without a child with intellectual disability: a population‐based study.
Authors: Langley E. , Totsika V. , Hastings R. P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have explored the well‐being of fathers of children with intellectual disability (ID), despite the significant role that they play in their children's lives. The current study compared fathers of children with and without a child with ID on measures of psychological well‐being (life satisfaction, work–family balance and general health) and dimensions of parenting (parenting self‐efficacy and parent–child closeness) and then examined whether the presence of a child with ID in the family was a significant predictor of paternal well‐being when controlling for a number of father (age, education, employment and residency), child (ID status, gender, behavioural and emotional problems) and family (income poverty and number of children in the household) variables.MethodsData were drawn from the third wave of the Millennium Cohort Study, a UK population‐representative and cohort study, where the cohort child was 5 years of age; 256 fathers were identified as having a child with ID, with data available for 10 187 fathers without a child with ID. Fathers were compared on the four well‐being and parenting outcomes and then multiple regression models were conducted to explore associations between these outcomes and variables identified as potential correlates of well‐being.ResultsInitial group comparisons showed that there were differences in the well‐being of fathers, with fathers of children with ID reporting poorer life satisfaction and general health. However, these differences were small. Regression analyses showed that child behavioural and emotional problems, living in income poverty and paternal employment were more important than disability status in predicting fathers' well‐being.ConclusionsThese works add to the limited amount of research on fathers using population‐representative data. The current findings are consistent with rejecting a general simplistic and negative narrative that raising a child with ID puts fathers at risk of poorer outcomes. However, some fathers, such as those with children with behavioural problems and living in poverty, may require greater support. Future longitudinal research that explores the impact of paternal well‐being on the long‐term outcomes of children with and without ID is warranted.
Global Value Chains and Effective Exchange Rates at the Country‐Sector Level
Authors: PATEL NIKHIL , WANG ZHI , WEI SHANG‐JIN 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe real effective exchange rate (REER) is one of the most cited statistics in open‐economy macroeconomics. We show that the models used to compute these numbers are not rich enough to allow for the rising importance of global value chains. Moreover, because different sectors within a country participate in international production sharing at different stages, sector‐level variations are also important for determining competitiveness. Incorporating these features, we develop a framework to compute REER at both the sector and country level and apply it on intercountry input‐output tables to study the properties of the new measures.
Steelmaking in India – new evidence from microscopic and archaeometallurgical analysis from middle Ganga plain, Balirajgarh
Authors: SINGH V. , SINGH M.R. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe present study deliberates on the archaeometallurgical examination of 2300 years old excavated iron nail from India's middle Ganga plain of Balirajgarh. The nail was subjected to multianalytical investigations in order to determine the raw materials used, manufacturing technology and preservation state. The combined analytical techniques optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDX), Vickers hardness and X‐ray diffractometry shed light towards the characterisation and use of the iron artefact. Special attention was paid for qualitative and quantitative analysis of slag inclusions, metal matrix and corrosion products. The presence of heterogeneous microstructure and inclusion of impurities suggests that nail has been produced through the direct process and work hardened. The noncorroded nail is made of hypereutectoid steel and used for building purpose. The study is important to understand the role of technology in the evolution of cultural changes in India that also provides archaeometric data on the method used in the forging work.
Liver Health Literacy and Health Status Among Adults With Hepatitis C: Implications for the Nursing Profession as Part of the 2030 Global Elimination Goal
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chih , Chiu Wen‐Nan , Chang Te‐Sheng , Huang Tung‐Jung , Chen Mei‐Yen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as well as the levels of liver health literacy and association with the health status of people with HCV through the nurse‐led community health development goal of global elimination.MethodsA community‐based, cross‐sectional study was conducted between July 2018 and June 2019 in coastal Western Yunlin County, Taiwan. This study was conducted at five townships, and serum HCV antibody (anti‐HCV) screening was used for the identification of potentially infected people by a collaborating local hospital.ResultsOf the 1,963 adults from rural areas enrolled in this study, 321 (16.4%) were anti‐HCV positive, 237 (73.8%) reported that they were unaware of their HCV positivity, and none of them were provided information on direct‐acting antiviral agent therapy. The levels of anti‐HCV positivity were higher among female patients (p < .05), elderly people (p < .001), those with a low education level (p < .001), and those from the Sihu Township within Yunlin County (p < .001). Participants with anti‐HCV positivity tended to have lower intakes of vegetables (p < .01) and fruit (p < .05), a greater number of comorbidities (p < .05), as well as a greater incidence of abnormal liver (p < .001) and renal function (p < .001) compared to those with anti‐HCV negativity. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the presence of HCV infection and a greater number of metabolic syndrome components were associated with poor liver and renal function.ConclusionsThese findings showed a high prevalence of HCV infection among adults living in rural areas, who had low literacy levels on hepatitis, unhealthy lifestyles, and abnormal liver and renal function.Clinical RelevanceClinicians and primary healthcare providers should initiate efforts to increase the levels of liver health literacy by increasing the accessibility to infection confirmation tests and reducing the number of barriers to the reception of antiviral treatment.
Liver stiffness measurement predicts long‐term survival and complications in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Shili‐Masmoudi Sarah , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Hiriart Jean‐Baptiste , Liu Ken , Chermak Faiza , Shu Sally She‐Ting , Foucher Juliette , Tse Yee‐Kit , Bernard Pierre‐Henri , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Merrouche Wassil , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , de Lédinghen Victor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsIn non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fibrosis is the strongest prognostic factor and can be assessed by non‐invasive methods. We evaluated the ability of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) to predict overall survival and liver, cardiovascular and oncologic complications.MethodsWe prospectively collected data on 2251 consecutive NAFLD patients (mean age 59 years, male 53%, mean body mass index 28 kg/m2) in two centres. At inclusion, all patients had LSM, clinical and biological evaluation. During follow‐up, we recorded cardiovascular events, cancers, liver complications, liver transplantation and death. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Survival curves according to LSM were first performed using Kaplan‐Meier method for the primary endpoint, and Aalen‐Johansen method for secondary outcomes to take into account competitive risks. In a second step, a Cox proportional hazard model analysis was done to identify independent predictors of overall survival.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 27 months [IQR: 25‐38]. Fifty‐five patients died and three patients had liver transplantation. Overall survival significantly decreased as baseline LSM increased. Twenty‐one patients (0.9%) had a liver event, 142 (6.3%) developed cancer (excluding HCC) and 151 (6.7%) had a cardiovascular event during follow‐up. By multivariable analysis, independent predictors of overall survival were as follows: baseline LSM (adjusted HR (aHR) = 2.85 [1.65‐4.92], P = .0002), age (aHR = 1.11 [1.08‐1.13], P < .0001) and male sex (aHR = 2.05 [1.17‐3.57], P = .012). Patients with elevated LSM were also more likely to develop cardiovascular, and liver events but not other cancers.ConclusionLSM can be used to predict survival, cardiovascular and liver complications in NAFLD patients.
Novel Surgical Strategy for Treating Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures with Cord Compression
Authors: Guo Dan‐qing , Yu Miao , Zhang Shun‐cong , Tang Yong‐chao , Tian Yun , Li Da‐xing , Mo Guo‐ye , Li Yong‐xian , Guo Hui‐zhi , Luo Pei‐jie , Zhou Teng‐peng , Ma Yan‐huai , Abdukodir Yusupov , Liu Pan‐jie , Liang De 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTreatment for osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) with cord compression is challenging and it usually requires surgical interventions to decompress nerves and restore spinal sequences. To describe a novel surgical strategy for treating OVFs with cord compression.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective analysis. The inclusion criteria were Frankel grade C‐E, single level T10‐L2. Between January 2008 and December 2016, a total of 56 OVF patients (47 females and nine males, with an average age of 72 years (66–88 years), comprising of eight grade C, 23 grade D, and 25 grade E patients) were enrolled. The treatment algorithm included preoperative evaluation by MRI, extension CT, and radiography to classify the OVFs as type 1.1 (reducible, stable; n = 13), type1.2 (reducible, unstable; n = 16), type 2 (irreducible; n = 19) or type 2M (modifier; n = 8). Vertebroplasty (VP)/kyphoplasty (KP) was applied in type 1.1. VP/KP with posterior fixation and posterolateral fusion was applied in type 1.2. And additional laminectomy/osteotomy was used in type 2, except in a modifier group (2M) where same procedure as applied for type 1.2 was used. VAS, ODI, Cobb angle, Frankel functional grade, and complications were recorded.ResultsThirteen cases were classified as type 1.1, 16 cases as type 1.2, 19 cases as type 2, and eight cases as type 2M. The follow‐up period was 38.9 months (range, 24–108 months). All patients were followed‐up in at least 24 months, in which time four patients died, two patients were lost at the last follow‐up, and 50 patients completed the full study. The total VAS and ODI improved from 8 (7, 9) and 75.5% (67.2%, 80.0%) preoperatively to 2 (1, 3) and 31% (24.0%, 37.0%) on conclusion, respectively (P < 0.01). The local kyphotic angle was corrected from 22.3° (17.1°, 33. 8°) preoperatively to 10.4° (6.4°, 15.3°) on conclusion (P < 0.01). Twenty‐three patients had achieved neurological recovery on conclusion (42E, 8D, P < 0.01). Asymptotic cement leakage was observed in 17/56 cases (30.4%), 6/56 in the affected vertebra (10.7%), and 24/330 in the screw trajectory (7.3%). At 2 years postoperatively, 11 new VFs had occurred in nine patients (16.1%), including VFs in nine adjacent segments that all occurred within 1 year after surgery. No cement migration or implant failure was noted.ConclusionThe novel surgical strategy for treating OVFs with cord compression consists of the most tailored and least invasive treatment for each patient. The positive mid‐ and long‐term clinical and radiological outcomes observed could represent a step forward in devising the proposed algorithm.
Positive, not negative, self‐compassion mediates the relationship between self‐esteem and well‐being
Authors: Pandey Ruchi , Tiwari Gyanesh Kumar , Parihar Priyanka , Rai Pramod Kumar 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThe study examined the predictive strengths of self‐esteem, and positive and negative self‐compassion for hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being as well as assessed the relative mediating roles of positive and negative self‐compassion for the relationships among self‐esteem, and hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being.DesignA correlational design was employed through which self‐esteem, self‐compassion, and hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being were measured.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐four male (M = 25.11, SD = 1.66) and 138 female (M = 21.89, SD = 1.87) participants were chosen by a convenient sampling.ResultsThe findings evinced that there were significant positive correlations among self‐esteem, positive self‐compassion, and hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being while negative self‐compassion exhibited small positive correlations with both the well‐being measures (criterion). The regression analyses showed that self‐esteem and positive self‐compassion reflected significant predictive strengths for hedonic as well as eudaimonic well‐being while negative self‐compassion did not. This was also true for the social and psychological aspects of well‐being. The β values reflected that positive self‐compassion did show a higher contribution for both the well‐being measures as compared to self‐esteem.ConclusionsThe findings evinced that positive, not negative, self‐compassion mediated the relationship between self‐esteem and hedonic well‐being as well as self‐esteem and eudaimonic well‐being. Moreover, self‐esteem and self‐compassion have predictive strengths for both kinds of well‐being. The findings showed the relevance of self‐esteem and self‐compassion to underscore well‐being. The implications and directions for future researchers have been discussed.Practitioner points

Contrary to the earlier findings suggesting self‐esteem and self‐compassion carrying relevance to explicate performance and well‐being of people with individualistic and collectivistic cultures, respectively, the findings of this study suggest both the constructs to be useful to understand the well‐being of people with both the values belonging especially to the fast‐changing societies like India.

The study also suggests reconceptualization and empirical verification of self‐compassion that will make it more effective for enhancing and promoting interventions for positive life outcomes.
The Impact of the “Pause. Call. Be Heard” Campaign on Help‐Seeking and Suicidal Behaviors Within Rail Environment in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Too Lay San , Ross Anna , Pirkis Jane , Reavley Nicola , Reifels Lennart 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of the “Pause. Call. Be Heard” campaign on help‐seeking and suicidal behaviors within rail environment in Victoria, Australia.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was conducted to measure noticeability of and engagement with the campaign and help‐seeking intentions and behaviors among rail commuters at 10 rail stations. We generated descriptive statistics to report these data and used logistic regression models to examine the association between campaign‐related factors and help‐seeking. Changes in Lifeline crisis calls and rail suicide behaviors from precampaign to campaign periods were examined using proportion tests.ResultsAbout 25% of rail commuters noticed the campaign and rated the materials as “moderately noticeable.” Over half of these individuals correctly identified the campaign intentions and 75% engaged with the materials. Approximately 80% indicated that the materials increased their help‐seeking intentions and about half indicated that they had engaged with help‐seeking and/or self‐caring behaviors. Engaging with the campaign was positively associated with help‐seeking. A significant increase in crisis calls but not in suicide‐related calls, and a nonsignificant decrease in rail suicidal behaviors were found during the campaign period.ConclusionsContinued implementation of the campaign is warranted as it showed some desirable effects on help‐seeking among rail commuters.