bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/Ethnic Diversity in Academic Public Health: 20-Year Update
Authors: Goodman Melody S. , Plepys Christine M. , Bather Jemar R. , Kelliher Rita M. , Healton Cheryl G. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study is a follow-up to an examination of the racial/ethnic composition of public health students (1996) and faculty (1997) at schools of public health that was conducted 20 years ago. We examined data on the race/ethnicity of students, graduates, and faculty among Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health (ASPPH)–member institutions during 2016-2017 and how these data have changed in the past 20 years. Methods: We obtained data on the race/ethnicity of students (in 1996 and 2016), graduates (in 1996 and 2016), and faculty (in 1997 and 2017) at ASPPH-member institutions from the ASPPH Data Center. We tabulated frequencies, percentages, and 20-year percentage-point changes by race/ethnicity. We examined data for all current ASPPH-member institutions and for comparable subcohorts of 1996 and 1997 member institutions that are current ASPPH members. Results: In graduate student enrollment, the 20-year increase in each nonwhite racial/ethnic subgroup was ≤5 percentage points. Among tenured faculty, the 20-year increase was greatest among Asians (8 percentage points) but was <3 percentage points for black, Hispanic, and Native American faculty. Conclusions: The increasing racial/ethnic diversity among students, graduates, and faculty in schools and programs of public health contributes to parallel increases in racial/ethnic diversity in the public health workforce. Schools and programs of public health should recruit clusters of racial/ethnic minority students using holistic application review processes, provide enrolled students with racially/ethnically diverse role models and mentors, and dedicate staffing to ensure a student-centered approach. In addition, those who mentor racially/ethnically diverse students and junior faculty should be rewarded.
Stress radiography in the diagnosis and assessment of the outcomes of surgical treatment of chronic anterolateral ankle instability
Authors: Tarczyńska Marta , Sekuła Przemysław , Gawęda Krzysztof , Szubstarski Mateusz , Przybylski Piotr , Czekajska-Chehab Elżbieta 
Published: November 2019

Background In about 20–40% of patients, damage to the soft tissues surrounding the ankle leads to recurrent and chronic pain with signs of instability of the talus in the tibiofibular fork. Purpose The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of stress X-ray images in the diagnosis of long-term outcomes of conservative versus surgical treatment of anterolateral ankle instability. Material and Methods Thirty patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) were recruited for the study. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of 15 non-operatively treated individuals diagnosed with anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) damage. The second group consisted of 15 patients who had undergone surgical reconstruction of the ATFL. In both groups of patients, the contralateral normal limb was used as a control. In all patients, anteroposterior and lateral view stress radiographs of both ankles were taken using the TELOS Stress Device (GA – III/E, Hungen, Germany). Results Statistical tests showed that the surgically treated patients had a significantly greater ankle stability compared to the non-surgically treated patients ( P = 0.001 for talar tilt angle and P = 0.009 for anterior drawer distance). The results obtained in this study indicate that this method can also be used in postoperative assessment of the function of the reconstructed lateral ankle ligaments. Conclusions Stress radiography is a reliable and safe tool for diagnosing CAI. This imaging method is an objective instrument that can be successfully used in postoperative assessment of the function of the reconstructed ATFL.
Feasibility of contrast-enhanced MRI derived textural features to predict overall survival in locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Chronaiou Ioanna , Giskeødegård Guro Fanneløb , Goa Pål Erik , Teruel Jose , Hedayati Roja , Lundgren Steinar , Huuse Else Marie , Pickles Martin D , Gibbs Peter , Sitter Beathe , Bathen Tone Frost 
Published: November 2019

Background The prognosis for women with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is poor and there is a need for better treatment stratification. Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) images has been shown to predict pathological response and could become useful in stratifying patients to more targeted treatments. Purpose To evaluate the ability of GLCM textural features obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy to predict overall survival (OS) seven years after diagnosis of patients with LABC. Material and Methods This retrospective study includes data from 55 patients with LABC. GLCM textural features were extracted from segmented tumors in pre-treatment dynamic contrast-enhanced 3-T MR images. Prediction of OS by GLCM textural features was assessed and compared to predictions using traditional clinical variables. Results Linear mixed-effect models showed significant differences in five GLCM features (f1, f2, f5, f10, f11) between survivors and non-survivors. Using discriminant analysis for prediction of survival, GLCM features from 2 min post-contrast images achieved a classification accuracy of 73% ( P < 0.001), whereas traditional prognostic factors resulted in a classification accuracy of 67% ( P = 0.005). Using a combination of both yielded the highest classification accuracy (78%, P < 0.001). Median values for features f1, f2, f10, and f11 provided significantly different survival curves in Kaplan–Meier analysis. Conclusion This study shows a clear association between textural features from post-contrast images obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and OS seven years after diagnosis. Further studies in larger cohorts should be undertaken to investigate how this prognostic information can be used to benefit treatment stratification.
Comparison of six methods for the intraocular lens power calculation in high myopic eyes
Authors: Ji Jiali , Liu Yan , Zhang Jing , Wu Xinhua , Shao Wanyu , Ma Bo , Luo Min 
Published: November 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of Barrett Universal II and Hill-Radial Basis Function with other four popular formulas for the calculation of intraocular lens power in high myopic eyes. Methods: A total of 56 eyes with an axial length of more than 26.0 mm were retrospectively reviewed. Six intraocular lens power calculation methods, including Barrett Universal II, Hill-Radial Basis Function, SRK/T, Haigis, Holladay 2 and Holladay 1, were evaluated. The difference between the postoperative actual refraction and the refraction predicted by the six methods was evaluated as the prediction error. The absolute prediction error was also calculated. Results: The mean numerical prediction error ± standard deviation of the six intraocular lens power calculation methods, in order of lowest to highest, was Barrett Universal II (0.37 ± 0.54 D), Hill-Radial Basis Function (0.40 ± 0.56 D), SRK/T (0.44 ± 0.56 D), Haigis (0.53 ± 0.54 D), Holladay 2 (0.88 ± 0.62 D) and Holladay 1 (1.00 ± 0.60 D). The median absolute errors predicted by the Barrett (0.46 D), Hill-Radial Basis Function (0.47 D), SRK/T (0.53 D) and Haigis (0.58 D) were significantly lower than those of the Holladay 1 (0.90 D) and Holladay 2(1.10 D; all p < 0.001). There was no significant difference among the median absolute errors of Barrett, Hill-Radial Basis Function, SRK/T and Haigis (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: The prediction errors differed for each method in the selection of intraocular lens power for the long eyes. In terms of overall accuracy, the Barrett Universal II formula provided the lowest prediction error. The Hill-Radial Basis Function method was comparable to the theoretical formulas, such as SRK/T and Haigis.
A new biarticular cement spacer technique for infected total hip and knee arthroplasty with massive bone loss
Authors: Sanz-Ruiz Pablo , Matas-Diez Jose Antonio , Villanueva-Martinez Manuel , Carbo-Laso Esther , Lopez-Torres Irene Isabel , Vaquero-Martín Javier 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: The management of massive femoral bone defects following prosthetic infection remains a surgical challenge, particularly when the entire femur is affected. Methods: We present the first results of a new biarticular cement spacer with antibiotic technique using a cephalomedullary nail for the treatment of infected hip arthroplasty involving complete femoral bone loss. Results: 5 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included. In all cases 2-stage replacement due to hip periprosthetic infection was carried out, with the need for a biarticular complete femoral spacer in view of the magnitude of the bone defect. The infection was resolved in all patients, with no complications (spacer fracture or dislocation) associated to spacer use, and the patients were all able to maintain the sitting position with active knee movements between the 2 surgical stages. Improvement with respect to preoperative functional status was observed in all cases, as evidenced by the Harris Hip Score (HHS) (from 24.2 to 73; p < 0.001) and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) (from 16.8 to 33.2; p = 0.001), with a lessened need for walking aids. Discussion: The described technique offers a possible solution to a number of complications observed with the use of spacers in massive defects, affording greater patient comfort and autonomy while waiting to receive total femoral replacement.
Nasopharyngeal Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Malfitano Madison J. , Norris Meghan N. , Stepp Wesley H. , Santarelli Griffin D. , Samulski T. Danielle , Senior Brent A. , Ebert Charles S. , Thorp Brian D. , Zanation Adam M. , Kimple Adam J. 
Published: November 2019

Background Hyalinizing clear cell carcinomas (HCCCs) are rare, low-grade, malignant tumors which most often arise from the minor salivary glands primarily in palate and tongue but can arise in any location with minor salivary glands including the nasopharynx. Methods A case report of primary nasopharyngeal HCCC is presented. Because of the rarity of this tumor and location, a literature search was conducted to determine the most common presenting symptoms, treatment strategies, and outcomes. Results A 48-year-old man underwent biopsy of a 4.5 cm mass of the right nasopharynx with pathology suggesting an intermediate grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. After discussing management with the patient, an endoscopic resection was performed. Final pathology revealed an HCCC which was confirmed after negative Mastermind-like 2 (MAML2) and positive Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (ESWR1) gene rearrangements on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies. Literature review of other nasopharyngeal HCCC cases shows diverse presentation and overall excellent prognosis through surgical and radiation therapy. Conclusion HCCCs are rare, low-grade malignant tumors of the minor salivary glands and can present as a nasopharyngeal mass. Presenting symptoms are diverse but frequently involve otologic and sinonasal disturbances. HCCC is an indolent tumor with an excellent prognostic outcome when treated appropriately with surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy.
Thrombocytoasthenia and Thrombocytopathia—Old Names and New Diseases
Authors: BRAUNSTEINER H. , PAKESCH F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Thrombocytoasthenia is a well defined disease, due to defective pseudopod formation and lack of spreading of platelets, i.e., defective adhesivity in contact with wettable surfaces. This defect persists in pathologic or normal plasma, serum, heated serum and barium adsorbed serum. The platelets behave normally, however, in saline or plasma substitutes. There is a manifest or latent defect of clot retraction, which can be revealed by thrombelastography. This disturbance seems to be in relation with the primary platelet disorder, and can not be corrected by addition of serotonin. Coagulation factors are normal.
Under the name of thrombocytopathia, possibly heterogenous diseases have been provisionally classified into three groups. In some patients a diminution of thromboplastic activity of platelets is ascertained. The platelets may also show marked morphologic anomalies. This group has been designated as "thrombocytopathia." In the majority of patients a deficiency of thromboplastic activity of platelets is only found temporarily or the results are only moderately pathologic. This group has been designated as "probable thrombocytopathia." The third group includes patients with a normal thromboplastic activity of platelets. As indicated with existing methods; more sensitive tests, still on trial, may give positive results. This group has been designated as "possible thrombocytopathia."
Capillary microscopy gave normal results in patients of all three groups. The relation to "vascular pseudohemophilia" is briefly discussed.
Studies on Spontaneous In Vitro Autohemolysis in Hemolytic Disorders
Authors: YOUNG LAWRENCE E. , IZZO MARY JANE , ALTMAN KURT I. , SWISHER SCOTT N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Measurements of spontaneous lysis (autohemolysis) of red cells in sterile defibrinated blood after 48 or more hours of incubation at body temperature were found useful in the investigation of certain hemolytic states. Abnormally rapid autohemolysis was demonstrated most consistently in hereditary spherocytosis, but was also found in other types of spherocytosis and in several examples of non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia. Autohemolysis above the normal range can be regarded as strong presumptive evidence of a hemolytic disorder, but a normal rate of autohemolysis by no means excludes the possibility of a hemolytic process in any given case.
Abnormalities of hereditary spherocytes causing increased autohemolysis were shown to be correlated with those responsible for spherocytosis as reflected in osmotic fragility tests. There appeared to be closer correlation with abnormalities causing increased osmotic fragility of the cells after 24 hours incubation. The autohemolysis test and the osmotic fragility test on incubated red cells were found to be equally sensitive in their capacity to detect spherocytosis of the hereditary type.
Addition of adenosine, guanosine or inosine caused moderate to marked reduction in autohemolysis of nearly all types of red cells tested. Lysis of incubated spherocytes from active cases of autoimmune hemolytic disease was more markedly inhibited by a small amount of adenosine than was the lysis of hereditary spherocytes.
Glucose regularly caused marked inhibition of autohemolysis of hereditary spherocytes and of red cells from patients with acute leukemia. The effect of glucose on HS red cells might have been due in part to a lowering of pH by formation of lactic acid since acidification of the blood with lactic, citric or hydrochloric acid also caused substantial reduction in autohemolysis.
Glucose caused slight to marked increase in lysis of red cells in certain other cases of spherocytosis, notably in autoimmune hemolytic disease and in myeloid metaplasia. Addition of lactic acid to the blood from several of these patients had similar effect.
In 2 atypical cases of chronic spherocytosis, with hematologically normal relatives, autohemolysis was accelerated by addition of glucose to the blood samples. Adenosine had little effect until after splenectomy when both glucose and adenosine inhibited hemolysis, much the same as in blood from typical cases of hereditary spherocytosis.
It seems likely that when the abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism of the red cells in certain hemolytic disorders are better understood, measurements of autohemolysis may be modified so as to enhance their usefulness in detecting and differentiating the various hemolytic states. It also seems likely that further studies on in vitro autohemolysis will help to elucidate some hemolytic mechanisms operating in vivo.
Experimental Megaloblastic Anemia in Young Guinea Pigs
Authors: SLUNGAARD ROLV K. , HIGGINS GEORGE M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Megaloblastosis has been produced in young guinea pigs by feeding them purified diets deficient its pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) or vitamin B12 or both. The withholding of ascorbic acid from the diet did not produce megaloblastosis but it greatly enhanced its development when PGA was also withheld. Spontaneous remission took place in several instances.
The possible role of growth of the animal and changes in the bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract has been discussed. Bacteriologic studies appeared to indicate a possible interrelationship between the occurrence of Escherichia coli in the stools of guinea pigs consuming deficient diets and the development of megaloblastosis. Diarrhea and infections are considered important in the pathogenesis of megaloblastic anemia but infections were not observed in animals of the present study. However, diarrhea was a prominent feature and appeared to be a factor associated with megaloblastosis.
Anemia was usually present in association with megaloblastosis; however, megaloblastosis of a mild degree appearing in some of the animals fed the diets deficient in PGA or vitamin B12 was not accompanied by anemia. When ascorbic acid was withheld in addition, then anemia always developed.
A dimorphic picture of macrocytosis and microcytosis was found most commonly in the peripheral blood of animals with megaloblastosis. This has been explained on the basis of regenerative macrocytosis or as a disturbance of the maturation of erythrocytes in such deficiencies.
Data obtained from peripheral blood are not a reliable indicator of megaloblastosis, nor is the clinical condition of the animal indicative of the pathologic state.
One animal which had been fed a diet deficient in vitamin B12 and PGA and which showed megaloblasts in its bone marrow was given injections of vitamin B12. The megaloblastosis was corrected but the animal died on the sixteenth day of treatment.
Two animals fed diets deficient in PGA and ascorbic acid were subsequently given injections of PGA and ascorbic acid. The results demonstrated that administration of ascorbic acid alone did not interrupt the development of severe megaloblastosis in the continuing absence of PGA. When PGA was given, reticuocytosis then ensued and there was a reversal of megaloblastic erythropoiesis.
The Effect of Transfusions of Erythrocytes on Untreated Pernicious Anemia
Authors: MASON JAMES D. , LEAVELL BYRD S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
1. Three patients with untreated pernicious anemia were transfused with packed erythrocytes to produce a normal hematocrit before they were treated with vitamin B12. One patient with untreated pernicious anemia was transfused with 250 cc. plasma prior to therapy with vitamin B12. No significant changes were noted in this patient who received plasma.
2. Following erythrocyte transfusions the bone marrows of these patients were considered to show the megaloblastic type of maturation with a reduction in percentage of the early megaloblasts (Stages I and II). The ME ratio of the marrows increased. A decrease in the absolute reticulocyte count occurred. No change occurred in the peripheral leukocyte and platelet counts and there was no significant change in the clinical condition of the patients.
3. After therapy with vitamin B12, at a time when the hematocrits were normal, the bone marrows became normoblastic, a small but definite reticulocytosis occurred, the leukocyte and platelet counts returned to normal, and there was subjective improvement in the condition of the patient.
4. It is concluded that in these three patients with untreated pernicious anemia multiple transfusions of packed erythrocytes decreased erythropoiesis but did not cause any basic change in the type of erythrocyte maturation.
Hemostasis in Thrombocytopenic Bleeding Following Infusion of Stored, Frozen Platelets
Authors: KLEIN EDMUND , TOCH RUDOLF , FARBER SIDNEY , FREEMAN GUSTAVE , FIORENTINO ROSEMARY 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Platelets concentrated and stored in their own plasma at -15 C. up to 6 weeks were administered to severely ill, thrombocytopenic, bleeding children in whom hemostasis had not been attained by other measures. Eighteen of 29 infusions in 15 children appeared to result in transitory hemostasis.
Transient elevation of the blood pressure and local vasoconstriction accompanied the administration of platelet material. No evidence of serious toxicity or thrombosis has been encountered.
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with 90Y-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan (Zevalin) for the Treatment of Relapsed or Resistant Aggressive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Heavily Pretreated with Rituximab + Chemotherapy: A GIMURELL Experience.
Authors: Botto Barbara , Bellò Marilena , Benevolo Giulia , Cabras Maria Giuseppina , Castellino Claudia , Chiappella Annalisa , Fioritoni Giuseppe , Freilone Roberto , Martelli Maurizio , Orsucci Lorella , Pregno Patrizia , Scapoli Paola , Tonso Anna , Bisi Giovanni , Vitolo Umberto , Gallo Eugenio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction: The addition of antibody monoclonal anti CD20 Rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy has resulted in improved CR, progression free survival and overall survival rates for patients affected by diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Recently, RIT with Zevalin has been shown effective in the treatment of relapsed refractory elderly DLBCL. We report the results of a study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Zevalin in relapsed or chemoresistant aggressive lymphoma previously treated with Rituximab.
Patients and methods: Elegibility criteria were as follows: age over 18 years, refractory or chemoresistant CD20+ aggressive lymphoma (grade III follicular, PML or DLBCL de novo) WHO performance status of 0 to 2, stage II bulky, III or IV, bone marrow involvement < 25%, written informed consent in accordance with institutional guidelines. All patients were previously treated with Rituximab and almost two lines of chemotherapy. Patients with pre-treatment platelet counts of > 150.000/mm3 received Zevalin at 0.4 mCi/kg whereas those with platelets < 150.000/mm3 received 0.3 mCi/kg.
Results: Fourteen patients were treated with RIT: 5 patients were stage II, 3 stage III, 6 stage IV (5 with bone marrow involvement). Six patients had grade III follicular, 4 primary mediastinal and 4 DLBCL de novo. Ten patients received 0.4 mCi/kg and 4 patients 0.3 mCi/kg. Five chemoresistant patients after 2 or more lines chemoimmunotherapy received RIT in combination with BEAM and subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and 9 patients were treated with Zevalin alone. Two months after RIT we reported CR 4 patients, PR 5 patients and no response/progression 5 patients (ORR 9/14 patients 64%). All 5 patients treated with RIT + BEAM + ASCT achieved a response (CR 2 patients and PR 3 patients ORR 100%). ORR in 9 patients treated with RIT alone was 46% (CR 2 patients and PR 2 patients). No toxic deaths were observed, two patients died of lymphoma (one patients 1 year after Zevalin infusion and the second progressed and died 5 months after RIT). The most common grade 3–4 AE were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.
Discussion: RIT with 90Y-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan is a safe and effective approach for patients affected by aggressive lymphoma and heavily pretreated with Rituximab + chemotherapy. The effective role of RIT alone or in combination with high dose chemotherapy + ASCT as salvage therapy has to be studied in this subset of patients.