bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The function and institutional embeddedness of Polytechnics in the Indian education system
Authors: Schneider Sebastian , Pilz Matthias 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: India’s Polytechnics are a fundamental part of its (vocational) education and training system but are largely ignored in VET research. Understanding the status quo and potential of India’s (vocational) education landscape requires an understanding of the role played by the Polytechnics, particularly in view of the Indian government’s major efforts to implement a functioning VET system. Because little is known about the function and embeddedness of the Polytechnics the article therefore aims to examine how polytechnics are embedded in the Indian education and training system and what functions they perform for the actors within the system.Methods: The article begins by describing the systemic embeddedness of Polytechnics in the Indian education system and demonstrates their role and function in relation to a range of stakeholder groups (individuals, employers, society and the economy). Problem-centred face-to-face interviews Interviews were conducted with the principals of 14 Polytechnics in Bangalore, Delhi and Mumbai, among other cities. Semi-standardized interview guidelines were used to conduct the interviews. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis.Results: The results show that polytechnics perform various functions in the Indian education system. The Polytechnics teach both theoretical and practical skills, which is a special feature of the Indian system at this level. Qualification takes place at an intermediate level, which means that graduates have the opportunity to enter a company after graduation, where they can hold a kind of supervisor position. It is precisely these employees that are increasingly being sought by Indian companies. In addition, polytechnics provide a pathway to higher education, so students can use the opportunity to switch to a college once they have their diploma at the Polytechnic. Furthermore, the Polytechnics offers its graduates a good opportunity to become self-employed through the wide range of specializations and the practice-oriented skill development. In addition, the Polytechnics offer numerous opportunities to promote socially disadvantaged groups. Conclusion: The survey findings illustrate the importance of Polytechnics to the various stakeholder groups, demonstrating their “multidimensional bridging function” within the Indian education and training system.
Comparing Prospective and Retrospective Reports of Pregnancy Intention in a Longitudinal Cohort of U.S. Women
Authors: Ralph Lauren J. , Foster Diana Greene , Rocca Corinne H. 
Published: March 2020

CONTEXTMeasurement of pregnancy intentions typically relies on retrospective reporting, an approach that may misrepresent the extent of unintended pregnancy. However, the degree of possible misreporting is unclear, as little research has compared prospective and retrospective reports of intention for the same pregnancies.METHODSLongitudinal data collected between 2010 and 2015 on 174 pregnancies were used to analyze the magnitude and direction of changes in intendedness (intended, ambivalent or unintended) between prospective and retrospective measurements of intendedness using versions of the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP). Changes were assessed both continuously and categorically. Differences in the degree of change—by pregnancy outcome and participant characteristics—were examined using mixed‐effects linear and logistic regression models.RESULTSOver two and one‐half years of follow‐up, 143 participants reported 174 pregnancies. Approximately half showed changes in intention between the prospective and retrospective assessments, with 38% of participants reporting increased intendedness and 10% decreased intendedness. Reported intendedness increased more among those who gave birth (mean change in continuous LMUP score, 2.2) than among those who obtained an abortion (0.7), as well as among individuals with a college degree (4.1) than among those with a high school diploma (1.2). Participants who reported recent depression or anxiety symptoms showed more stable intentions (0.02) than those who did not (2.1).CONCLUSIONSRetrospective measurement of pregnancy intentions may underestimate the frequency of unintended pregnancy, with such underestimation being greater among certain subgroups. Estimates based on retrospective reports thus may produce inaccurate impressions of intentionality. Further efforts to refine the measurement of pregnancy preferences are needed.
High-speed integrated micro-LED array for visible light communication
Authors: Lan Hao-Yu , Tseng I-Chen , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Lin Gong-Ru , Huang Ding-Wei , Wu Chao-Hsin 
Published: March 2020

In this Letter, we report high-speed integrated 14 µm in diameter micro-light-emitting diode (μLED) arrays with the parallel configuration, including

2

×

2

,

2

×

3

,

2

×

4

, and

2

×

5

arrays. The small junction area of μLED (

∼

191

µ

m

2

) in each element facilitates the operation of higher injection current density up to

13

k
A

/

c
m

2

, leading to the highest modulation bandwidth of 615 MHz. The optical power of

2

×

5

array monotonically increases (

∼

10

times higher) as the number of arrays increases (1 to 10), while retaining the fast modulation bandwidth. A clear eye diagram up to 1 Gbps without any equalizer further shows the capability of this high-speed transmitter for VLC. These results mean that tailoring the optical power of μLEDs in a parallel-biased integrated array can further enhance the data transmission rate without degradation of the modulation bandwidth.
Confidencialidade da fonte em jornalismo
Authors: Cavaco Suzana 
Published: March 2020

O segredo profissional é um dos princípios mais evocados nos códigos de conduta dos jornalistas. Porém, a proteção das fonte é uma questão relativamente controversa. Uma das perspetivas defende que o dever do jornalista é não delatar a fonte confidencial mesmo em face de exigências legais.
Este artigo propõe-se analisar o princípio do sigilo profissional enquadrando-o na teoria de desenvolvimento moral de Laurence Kohlberg. Identifica perspetivas acerca da confidencialidade das fontes em códigos deontológicos nacionais e supranacionais dos jornalistas, recorrendo à análise de conteúdo. Tem em consideração apreciações sobre o tema feitas noutros mecanismos de media accountabilityem Portugal: provedores do leitor e Conselho Deontológico do Sindicato dos Jornalistas.
Effect of Mix Culture Bacteria and Fungi in Fermented Peanut Hulls-Based Feed Supplement on Physical Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters
Authors: NESTI DELA RIA , Baidlowi Ahmad , Fauzi Achmad , Tjahajati Ida 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the combination of mix culture bacteria (EM4®:E) and fungi (<em>Trichoderma viridae</em>:TV) on physical quality and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of peanut hull-based feed supplements. Basal feed was divided into four treatments, which were: P0 (BF); P1 (E:25%+TV:75%); P2 (E:50%+TV:50%),; and P3 (E:75%+TV:25%); and each treatment had three replications. Feeds were fermented facultative anaerobically for nine days. The observed parameters were physical qualities (color, odor, fungi appearance and pH), and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters (rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content). Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA design, and the significance of differences were tested using Kruskall-Wallis test for the physical qualities data and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test for in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Results showed that the combination of E and TV at different level did not affect odor and the fungi appearance parameters (P≥0.05), however, it significantly affected P≤0.05) color change from blackish (1.64) in P0 to brownish in P1, P2 and P3 of 2.44; 2.69; and 2.80, respectively. The pH also decreased significantly (P≤0.05) by 10.67%. Treatment also did not affect the rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content (P≥0.05). It is concluded that the combination of the EM4® 25%: <em>Trichoderma viridae</em> 75% on peanut-hull based feed supplement fermentation gives the best result on color and pH fermented feed product without affecting the rumen fermentation process.
Cheese whey as potential medium fermentation to Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 yeast
Authors: Bosso Alessandra , Bosso Tomal Adriana Aparecida , Caldeirão Lucas , Da Silva Josemeyre Bonifácio , Suguimoto Hélio Hiroshi 
Published: March 2020

Yeasts β-galactosidase is intracellular enzyme, show a high lactose hydrolyzing capacity and therefore can be used to reduce the level of lactose of milk and dairy products. However, the activity of β-galactosidase, or its production, is strongly influenced by carbon availability as source of energy. The aim of this work was to compare different carbons source with the cheese whey, by-product of dairy industry and potential source to grow microorganism, and its interactions as fermentation mediums to production maximum of β-galactosidase by Saccharomyces fragilis IZ 275 yeast. The enzymatic activity in the cheese whey and others carbon sources were determined using the o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside substrate (ONPG). The cheese whey is the better medium fermentation, when compared with others carbon sources, to the production maximum of enzyme. Thus, considered as waste by industry, we prove that the cheese whey opens up another possibility of biotechnological use adding value to the byproduct and meeting the concept of bioeconomy or circular economy.
Periodic Solutions of Non-autonomous Allen–Cahn Equations Involving Fractional Laplacian
Authors: Feng Zhenping , Du Zhuoran 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We consider periodic solutions of the following problem associated with the fractional Laplacian:

(

-

∂

x
⁢
x

)

s

⁢
u
⁢

(
x
)

+

∂
u

⁡
F

⁢

(
x
,

u
⁢

(
x
)

)

=
0

{(-\partial_{xx})^{s}u(x)+\partial_{u}F(x,u(x))=0}

in

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

. The smooth function

F
⁢

(
x
,
u
)

{F(x,u)}

is periodic about x and is a double-well potential with respect to u with wells at

+
1

{+1}

and -1 for any

x
∈
ℝ

{x\in\mathbb{R}}

. We prove the existence of periodic solutions whose periods are large integer multiples of the period of F about the variable x by using variational methods. An estimate of the energy functional, Hamiltonian identity and Modica-type inequality for periodic solutions are also established.
Pointwise Gradient Estimates in Multi-dimensional Slow Diffusion Equations with a Singular Quenching Term
Authors: Dao Nguyen Anh , Díaz Jesus Ildefonso , Nguyen Quan Ba Hong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We consider the high-dimensional equation

∂
t

⁡
u

-

Δ
⁢

u
m

+

u

-
β

⁢

χ

{
u
>
0
}

=
0

{\partial_{t}u-\Delta u^{m}+u^{-\beta}{\chi_{\{u>0\}}}=0}

, extending the mathematical treatment made in 1992 by B. Kawohl and R. Kersner for the one-dimensional case. Besides the existence of a very weak solution

u
∈

𝒞
⁢

(

[
0
,
T
]

;

L
δ
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

)

{u\in\mathcal{C}([0,T];L_{\delta}^{1}(\Omega))}

, with

u

-
β

⁢

χ

{
u
>
0
}

∈

L
1

⁢

(

(
0
,
T
)

×
Ω

)

{u^{-\beta}\chi_{\{u>0\}}\in L^{1}((0,T)\times\Omega)}

,

δ
⁢

(
x
)

=

d
⁢

(
x
,

∂
⁡
Ω

)

{\delta(x)=d(x,\partial\Omega)}

, we prove some pointwise gradient estimates for a certain range of the dimension N,

m
≥
1

{m\geq 1}

and

β
∈

(
0
,
m
)

{\beta\in(0,m)}

, mainly when the absorption dominates over the diffusion (

1
≤
m
<

2
+
β

{1\leq m<2+\beta}

). In particular, a new kind of universal gradient estimate is proved when

m
+
β

≤
2

{m+\beta\leq 2}

. Several qualitative properties (such as the finite time quenching phenomena and the finite speed of propagation) and the study of the Cauchy problem are also considered.
Adsorption/desorption, Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies for the Uptake of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto Banana Peel
Authors: Bhagat Sanjay , Gedam Vidyadhar V. , Pathak Pranav 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper addresses an exploration of the removal efficiency of banana peel ftrip(BP) towards copper and zinc ions from water and to optimize the factors involved in this adsorption process. In this sense, process optimization, kinetics, and equilibrium studies were performed in a batch process. The kinetics shows that the equilibrium reached in 60 minutes and the adsorption is favored above pH 5. The BP was firstly characterized by proximate analysis, FTIR, BET surface area, and SEM. The highest adsorption capacity for Langmuir isotherm for Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto BP was observed to be 61.728 mg/g and 55.56 mg/g respectively. Finally, the regeneration of BP was also studied up to 5 cycles. Thus, BP showed excellent adsorption characteristics during the uptake of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from wastewater effluent and can be used as low-cost agricultural waste biomass as an adsorbent.
Investigation of Heat Transfer Efficiency of Improved Intermig Impellers in a Stirred Tank Equipped with Vertical Tubes
Authors: Wang Leizhi , Zhou Yongjun , Chen Zhaobo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe heat transfer of a reactor with improved Intermig impellers was numerically investigated by the finite element method (FEM) simulation software Fluent (V.19). A turbulence model utilized the standardk-εmodel, and the turbulent flows in two large vortexes between vertical tubes were collided to form a strong convection. The influence of heat and mass transfer developing from the impeller diameters, the distance between the two impellers (C1), the rotational speed and the installation height of the bottom impeller (C2) were studied. The reactor was equipped with special structure vertical tubes to increase the heat exchange areas. The rate of heat transfer, including criteria such as the convective heat transfer coefficient, the Nusselt number of outside vertical tubes, and the temperature boundary layer thickness, assured the accurate control of the heat exchange mixing state. The experimental testing platform was designed to validate the simulated results, which revealed the influence order of related factors. The Nusselt numberNuwas affected by various related factors, resulting in the rotation and diameter of impellers extending far beyond the distance between the two impellers (C1) and the installation height of the impeller (C2). The average temperature boundary layer thicknesses of the symmetrical and middle sections were 3.24 mm and 3.48 mm, respectively. Adjusting the appropriate parameters can accurately control the heat exchange process in such a reactor, and the conclusions provide a significant reference for engineering applications.
Efficient Synthesis of Diethyl Carbonate by Mg, Zn Promoted Hydroxyapatite via Transesterification Reaction
Authors: Shukla Kartikeya , Srivastava Vimal Chandra 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) and ethanol is a potent non-phosgene route for the synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC). In the present study, hydroxyapatite was synthesized and modified using Zn and Mg (Zn/HAP and Mg/HAP). Modified hydroxyapatite was used as catalyst for the synthesis of DEC. The thermal analysis of the catalytic precursor was studied using thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis. The structural analysis, surface morphology, and nature of active sites over the catalyst surface were studied using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and CO2 temperature-programmed desorption. Effects of reaction conditions like reaction temperature, reaction time and ethanol/PC molar ratio on DEC yield were also studied. The effects of Mg and Zn on HAP were found to be promotional for the synthesis of DEC using PC and ethanol. Mg/HAP was found to be the best among the three catalysts studied owing to its high basicity. Maximum DEC yield of 52.1 % was obtained in 5 h at 433 K using Mg/HAP catalyst.
Tits alternative for Artin groups of type FC
Authors: Martin Alexandre , Przytycki Piotr 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Given a group action on a finite-dimensional

CAT
⁢

(
0
)

{\mathrm{CAT}(0)}

cube complex, we give a simple criterion phrased purely in terms of cube stabilisers that ensures that the group satisfies the strong Tits alternative, provided that each vertex stabiliser satisfies the strong Tits alternative.
We use it to prove that all Artin groups of type FC satisfy the strong Tits alternative.
Occurrence and clinical management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity patients: a literature review
Authors: Cui Han , Zhang XiuWei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic stress-induced liver injury closely correlated with insulin resistance. Currently, the methods for clinical management of NAFLD patients mainly include removing causes, changing lifestyle and dietary structure, drug therapy and weight-loss surgery. This paper summarizes the occurrence and clinical management of NAFLD in patients with obesity, with the aim of formulating scientific clinical interventions for these patients and thus preventing the occurrence of NAFLD.
How do sustained birth tears after vaginal birth affect birth tear patterns in a subsequent birth?
Authors: Kimmich Nina , Yeo Te-ying Audrey , Zimmermann Roland , Furrer Eva 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTears are common after vaginal birth, and different impact factors are known. However, the impact of tears from a previous birth to the tears of a subsequent birth is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the distribution of birth tear patterns according to the sustained tears in a previous birth, in addition to other impact factors.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated all women up to parity 4 with subsequent vaginal, singleton births of vertex presentation at ≥37 + 0 gestational weeks between 1/2005 and 12/2016. Their tears were grouped into tear patterns and were analyzed by parity. Tear patterns in the subsequent births were analyzed in association to the patterns of the previous births and impact factors were evaluated.ResultsWe counted 4017 births in 1855 women [P1: 1368 (34.1%), P2: 1730 (43.1%), P3: 741 (18.4%), P4: 178 (4.4%)]. The frequency of tears and episiotomies decreased with higher parity, whereas the frequency of intact perineum increased. Twenty-eight different unique tear patterns were found. We could show that birth tear patterns changed with increasing parity and were associated with sustained tears in a previous birth. In addition, some impact factors on tear patterns could be identified.ConclusionThe distribution of the single tear types is in accordance with the current literature. However, it is new that distinct tear patterns are associated to sustained tear patterns of previous births. Furthermore, we demonstrated some weak associations of tear patterns to certain impact factors, such as more episiotomies, low-grade perineal or vaginal tears isolated or in combination with other tears with increasing fetal weight and head circumference in the higher parities, and with a longer duration of the second stage and the pushing phase in lower parities.
Distribution and status of the striped hyena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia, Hyaenidae) in Algeria
Authors: Derouiche Louiza , Bounaceur Farid , Benamor Naceur , Hadjloum Mohamed , Benameur-Hasnaoui Hafida , Ounas Houria , Irzagh Ahmed , Boualem Aouad , Belmoures Redouane , Djeghim Chaouki , Aulagnier Stéphane 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The striped hyena Hyaena hyaena is listed “Vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in the Mediterranean region as its population and range are decreasing in most countries. In Algeria, the distribution and status of this species have not been reviewed for nearly 30 years. A field survey was conducted during the last 10 years in many regions and suitable habitats in order to update this information. Our results show that the striped hyena was eradicated from some northern areas of its former range, but still occurs in most regions of Algeria. Causes of mortality are reported and conservation measures are suggested in order to keep sustainable populations.
Primary cutaneous DLBCL non-GCB type: challenges of a rare case
Authors: Sica Antonello , Vitiello Paola , Caccavale Stefano , Sagnelli Caterina , Calogero Armando , Dodaro Concetta Anna , Pastore Francesco , Ciardiello Fortunato , Argenziano Giuseppe , Reginelli Alfonso , Cappabianca Salvatore , Franco Renato , Ronchi Andrea 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Several types of B-cell lymphomas, including both primary cutaneous lymphomas and systemic lymphomas, may affect the skin, with partially overlapping clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical features. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas does not include diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and considers leg-type DLBCL the only primary cutaneous DLBCL. Here we report the case of a 72-year-old white woman with a primary cutaneous neoplasm comprised of large cells with round nuclei, irregularly clumped chromatin and one or more inconspicuous nucleoli. The immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity for CD20 and MUM1, with no significant genetic translocations detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. After staging, we considered this neoplasm a primary cutaneous DLBCL with a non-germinal center phenotype, not otherwise specified, inconsistent with a leg-type DLBCL. Because of this view, we underscore the need for greater knowledge of the molecular landscape of B-cell lymphomas in order to reconsider the classification of such neoplasms in the skin.
Quantum Entanglements and the Lutheran Dispersal of Salvation
Authors: Spierer Eugen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMartin Luther suggested that God disperses the salvation gained by the sacrifice of Christ both before and after the crucifixion itself. This essay describes how quantum time entanglements can facilitate a timeless dispersal of salvific grace and hypothesizes that it is God who creates, maintains and manipulates space-time using such entanglements, in a way analogous to a spider controlling its web.
Mitf Links Neuronal Activity and Long-Term Homeostatic Intrinsic Plasticity
Authors: Atacho Diahann A. M. , Reynisson Hallur , Petursdottir Anna Thora , Eysteinsson Thor , Steingrimsson Eirikur , Petersen Petur Henry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeuroplasticity forms the basis for neuronal circuit complexity and differences between otherwise similar circuits. We show that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) plays a central role in intrinsic plasticity of olfactory bulb (OB) projection neurons. Mitral and tufted (M/T) neurons fromMitfmutant mice are hyperexcitable, have a reduced A-type potassium current (IA) and exhibit reduced expression ofKcnd3, which encodes a potassium voltage-gated channel subunit (Kv4.3) important for generating the IA. Furthermore, expression of theMitfandKcnd3genes is activity dependent in OB projection neurons and the MITF protein activates expression fromKcnd3regulatory elements. Moreover,Mitfmutant mice have changes in olfactory habituation and have increased habituation for an odorant following long-term exposure, indicating that regulation ofKcnd3is pivotal for long-term olfactory adaptation. Our findings show thatMitfacts as a direct regulator of intrinsic homeostatic feedback and links neuronal activity, transcriptional changes and neuronal function.