bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attrition in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Residency
Authors: Meyr Andrew J. , Magodia Spruha 
Published: December 2020

Background
The objective of this study was to investigate the rate of attrition within podiatric medicine and surgery residency training programs.

Methods
Between the academic years 2006–2007 and 2015–2016, the Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine matched 780 graduates into 163 different residency training programs. Program directors from these sites were individually contacted by e-mail and asked whether the specific Temple University School of Podiatric Medicine graduates who originally matched with their program 1) completed the program, 2) transferred to another program, 3) quit the program, or 4) were fired from the program.

Results
Results were returned with respect to 614 (78.7%) of the 780 graduates, representing 103 (63.2%) of the 163 training programs. Program directors reported that 573 (93.3%) of the 614 graduates completed the program, 17 (2.8%) transferred from the program, six (1.0%) quit the program, five (0.8%) were fired by the program, and 13 (2.1%) matched but never started the program. This equates to an annual attrition rate of 0.46% for residents who started the podiatric residency training program that they matched with.

Conclusions
We conclude that the rate of attrition in podiatric medicine and surgery residency training appears to be relatively low or at least in line with other medical specialties, and hope that this information leads to other investigations examining attrition, specifically as it relates to physician-specific and program-specific risk factors for attrition.
Association between mandatory health examination attendance and diabetes treatment initiation among employees being treated for hypertension
Authors: Yamana Hayato , Ono Sachiko , Okada Akira , Jo Taisuke , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
It is unclear whether mandatory health examination is effective for employees who are already being treated for chronic diseases. We focused on patients being treated for hypertension and evaluated the association between employer-based health examination attendance and diabetes treatment initiation.

Methods
Using a database that stores health insurance claims and health examination results of subscribers enrolled in society-managed health insurance plans in Japan, we identified employees aged 40-59 years who were being treated for hypertension when starting diabetes treatment from April 2012 to December 2016. A case-crossover analysis was conducted using 90, 180, and 270 days prior to diabetes treatment initiation as reference points and 90 days after the mandatory health examination as the exposure period. We conducted a subgroup analysis by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and frequency of outpatient blood glucose testing before the mandatory health examination.

Results
We identified 1464 individuals starting treatment for diabetes while on antihypertensive drugs. The overall odds ratio for starting diabetes treatment within 90 days of the health examination was 1.89 (95% confidence interval: 1.70-2.10). The subgroup analysis showed that this odds ratio increased as HbA1c level increased and as blood glucose testing frequency decreased.

Conclusions
Among employees starting treatment for diabetes while being treated for hypertension, employer-based mandatory health examination attendance was associated with initiation of diabetes treatment. The health examinations may be functioning as a complement to screening in outpatient settings.
MR‐guided 125I seed implantation treatment for maxillofacial malignant tumor
Authors: Wang Ying , Kang Peng , He Wei , Li Rui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study assessed the therapeutic efficacy of postoperative magnetic resonance (MR)‐guided interstitial 125I seed implantation for treatment of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors.Methods and MaterialsA total of 127 patients with oral or maxillofacial malignant tumors were included in this study who received interstitial 125I treatment after the surgery resection. Before implantation, all the patients received MR scans to assess the lesion scope, extent, and nature. 125I implantation target regions were based on the pre‐operative imaging. 125I seeds were delivered to target regions via puncture needles under the real‐time guidance of MR. Computed tomography (CT)or MR was performed immediately after implantation and again every 3 months later.ResultsAfter successful 125I implantation, all patients were also examined regularly to detect tumor recurrence, lymphatic, and distant metastases. To date, CT or MR verification showed that 13/127 patients experienced tumor recurrence or lymphatic metastasis or distant metastasis. No seeds migration was observed, no serious treatment‐related complications affected patient quality of life, and no important organ (such as major cervical vessels, spinal cord, etc.) injuries were observed.ConclusionOur results show that MR‐guided 125I implantation is an effective approach to site‐specific treatment for oral and maxillofacial tumor, which could potentially reduce postoperative complications and tumor recurrence rates, increase patient survival, and improve quality of life.
Validity of content‐based techniques for credibility assessment—How telling is an extended meta‐analysis taking research bias into account?
Authors: Oberlader Verena A. , Quinten Laura , Banse Rainer , Volbert Renate , Schmidt Alexander F. , Schönbrodt Felix D. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryContent‐based techniques for credibility assessment (Criteria‐Based Content Analysis [CBCA], Reality Monitoring [RM]) have been shown to distinguish between experience‐based and fabricated statements in previous meta‐analyses. New simulations raised the question whether these results are reliable revealing that using meta‐analytic methods on biased datasets lead to false‐positive rates of up to 100%. By assessing the performance of and applying different bias‐correcting meta‐analytic methods on a set of 71 studies we aimed for more precise effect size estimates. According to the sole bias‐correcting meta‐analytic method that performed well under a priori specified boundary conditions, CBCA and RM distinguished between experience‐based and fabricated statements. However, great heterogeneity limited precise point estimation (i.e., moderate to large effects). In contrast, Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN)—another content‐based technique tested—failed to discriminate between truth and lies. It is discussed how the gap between research on and forensic application of content‐based credibility assessment may be narrowed.
Complex Hollow Bowl‐Like Nanostructures: Synthesis, Application, and Perspective
Authors: Liang Jin , Kou Huari , Ding Shujiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContourable design and synthesis in nanomaterial morphology are among the most attractive fields in material science. Among the various nanomaterials, hollow bowl‐like nanomaterials have shown promising potential and achieved great success in many different domains, such as lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and electro‐ and photochemical catalysts. The unique physicochemical properties of hollow bowl‐like nanomaterials have attracted enormous interest from scientists worldwide. Here, recent researches into bowl‐like nanomaterials, including: (i) synthesis methods, such as the no‐template, no‐patchy template, and patchy template methods; (ii) applications in lithium/sodium/potassium ion‐based batteries, microwave absorption, water‐splitting reactions, and so on are reviewed; and (iii) the problems and challenges are also discussed.
Conductive Composite Fiber with Optimized Alignment Guides Neural Regeneration under Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zhang Xi , Wang Chenyu , Li Feihan , Qiao Ziwen , Zeng Liangdan , Wang Zhonghan , Liu He , Ding Jianxun , Yang Huanghao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConductivity and alignment of scaffolds are two primary factors influencing the efficacy of nerve repair. Herein, conductive composite fibers composed of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different orientation degrees are prepared by electrospinning at various rotational speeds (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 rpm), and meanwhile the synergistic promotion mechanism of aligned topography and electrical stimulation on neural regeneration is fully demonstrated. Under an optimized rotational speed of 1000 rpm, the electrospun PCL fiber exhibits orientated structure at macroscopic (mean deviation angle = 2.78°) or microscopic crystal scale (orientation degree = 0.73), decreased contact angle of 99.2° ± 4.9°, and sufficient tensile strength in both perpendicular and parallel directions to fiber axis (1.13 ± 0.15 and 5.06 ± 0.98 MPa). CNTs are introduced into the aligned fiber for further improving conductivity (15.69–178.63 S m−1), which is beneficial to the oriented growth of neural cells in vitro as well as the regeneration of injured sciatic nerves in vivo. On the basis of robust cell induction behavior, optimum sciatic nerve function index, and enhanced remyelination/axonal regeneration, such conductive PCL/CNTs composite fiber with optimized fiber alignment may serve as instructive candidates for promoting the scaffold‐ and cell‐based strategies for neural repair.
Polarization‐Modulated Multidirectional Photothermal Actuators
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Ye Zuyang , Han Lili , Fan Qingsong , Wu Chaolumen , Ding Deng , Xin Huolin L. , Myung Nosang Vincent , Yin Yadong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhotothermal actuators have attracted increasing attention due to their ability to convert light energy into mechanical deformation and locomotion. This work reports a freestanding, multidirectional photothermal robot that can walk along a predesigned pathway by modulating laser polarization and on–off switching. Magnetic–plasmonic hybrid Fe3O4/Ag nanorods are synthesized using an unconventional templating approach. The coupled magnetic and plasmonic anisotropy allows control of the rod orientation, plasmonic excitation, and photothermal conversion by simply applying a magnetic field. Once the rods are fixed with desirable orientations in a bimorph actuator by magnetic‐field‐assisted lithography, the bending of the actuator can be controlled by switching the laser polarization. A bipedal robot is created by coupling the rod orientation with the alternating actuation of its two legs. Irradiating the robot by a laser with alternating or fixed polarization synergistically results in basic movement (backward and forward) and turning (including left‐, right‐, and U‐turn), respectively. A complex walk along predesigned pathways can be potentially programmed by combining the movement and turning modes of the robots. This strategy provides an alternative driving mechanism for preparing functional soft robots, thus breaking through the limitations in the existing systems in terms of light sources and actuation manners.
A study of the usefulness of inspection of radiology reports in the emergency room
Authors: Koyama Toru , Yoshiike Shouichi , Suganuma Kazuki , Shiroto Kosuke , Miyauchi Naoto , Shinchu Sayaka , Aoki Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2020

AimThe aim of this study was to better understand the usefulness of retrospective inspection of radiology reports of CT (computed tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) by emergency doctors in the emergency room.MethodsBetween April 2018 and March 2019, patients who went home after CT or MRI who needed to change their treatment plans and subsequent corresponding procedures after inspection of radiology reports by emergency doctors were reviewed.ResultsAmong 7,661 CT or MRIs performed on 5,917 patients, there were 131 patients (133 CT or MRI or 1.7% among 7,661 examinations) who required a change in their treatment plans after inspection of radiology reports. Of the 133 CT or MRI performed, there were 51 (38.3% among 133 CT or MRI, 0.7% among 7,661 examinations) CT or MRI performed, which indicated findings to suspect a tumor (11.8% in the head, 41.2% in the chest, 35.3% in the abdomen, and 11.8% in others). With the need to make important changes in treatment plans, making appointments for outpatient clinics was necessary for 52 CT or MRI findings, and requiring the patients to return to the clinic or be admitted was necessary for 9 (totally 61; 0.8% among 7,661 examinations).ConclusionData from this study suggest that inspection of radiology reports of CT or MRI by emergency doctors after patients went home is useful in finding characteristics suggestive of tumors in 0.7% of all radiology reports and is necessary to identify important changes that should be made in treatment plans in 0.8% of all radiology reports.
Rapidly progressive acute necrotizing encephalopathy associated with influenza A in an elderly adult
Authors: Tsubota Mami , Kato Akihiro , Goshima Takahiro , Imai Kazunori , Yamagishi Yota , Matsushima Asako , Sasano Hiroshi , Hattori Tomonori 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAmong the influenza‐associated encephalopathies, acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) has a particularly poor prognosis. While it usually progresses within 48 h, we encountered a rapidly evolving case with the patient falling into coma from lucidity within 10 min.Case PresentationA 71‐year‐old man was found unconscious after taking a 10‐min bath and brought to the emergency room. The head computed tomography (HCT) was normal, and he was diagnosed with heatstroke as a complication of influenza A. Despite effective therapy to correct his temperature, his consciousness did not improve, and within 24 h he progressed to multiple organ injury. Repeat HCT and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed irreparably progressed ANE.ConclusionTo effectively treat ANE, early recognition and diagnosis are critical. Our case suggests that ANE should be considered and added to the differential diagnosis for adult patients with rapid cognitive deterioration.
Searching for Monomeric Nickel Tetrafluoride: Unravelling Infrared Matrix Isolation Spectra of Higher Nickel Fluorides
Authors: Li Lin , Sakr Ahmed K. , Schlöder Tobias , Klein Siri , Beckers Helmut , Kitsaras Marios‐Petros , Snelling Howard V. , Young Nigel A. , Andrae Dirk , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBinary transition metal fluorides are textbook examples combining complex electronic features with most fundamental molecular structures. High‐valent nickel fluorides are among the strongest known fluorinating and oxidizing agents, but there is a lack of experimental structural and spectroscopic investigations on molecular NiF3 or NiF4. Apart from their demanding synthesis, also their quantum‐chemical description is difficult due to their open shell nature and low‐lying excited electronic states. Distorted tetrahedral NiF4 (D2d) and trigonal planar NiF3 (D3h) molecules were produced by thermal evaporation and laser ablation of nickel atoms in a fluorine/noble gas mixture and spectroscopically identified by a joint matrix‐isolation and quantum‐chemical study. Their vibrational band positions provide detailed insights into their molecular structures.
Single Platinum Atom Doping to Silver Clusters Enables Near‐Infrared‐to‐Blue Photon Upconversion
Authors: Niihori Yoshiki , Wada Yuki , Mitsui Masaaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhoton upconversion (UC) from near‐infrared (NIR) to visible has been realized using singlet‐to‐triplet absorption of sensitizers, which are currently limited to osmium complexes and semiconductor nanocrystals. Motivated by the atomically precise tunability of electronic structure and photophysical properties of noble metal clusters, which often possess absorption bands that extend into the NIR region, we investigated MAg24(SR)18 (M=Ag, Pt; SR=2,4‐dimethylbenzenethiolate) clusters as a new NIR‐absorbing sensitizer for triplet–triplet annihilation UC. Combined with a blue light emitter, the NIR excitation (λex=785 nm) of Ag25(SR)18 results in no UC emission, while PtAg24(SR)18 exhibits strong UC emission. This enhancement is primarily due to a significant increase in the intersystem crossing quantum yield of the cluster associated with the spin–orbit coupling enhancement in the M@Ag12 core.
Mechanistic Studies on Photoinduced Catalytic Olefin Migration Reactions at the Pd(II) Centers of a Porous Crystal, Metal‐Macrocycle Framework
Authors: Yonezawa Hirotaka , Shiraogawa Takafumi , Han Mengying , Tashiro Shohei , Ehara Masahiro , Shionoya Mitsuhiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPorous crystals with well‐defined active metal centers on the pore surface have high potential as heterogeneous metal catalysts. We have recently demonstrated that a porous molecular crystal, metal‐macrocycle framework (MMF), catalyzes olefin migration reactions by photoactivation of its PdIICl2 moieties exposed on the crystalline channel surface. Herein we report a mechanistic study of the photoinduced olefin migration reactions at the PdII active centers of MMF. Several experiments, including a deuterium scrambling study, revealed that olefin migration is catalyzed via an alkyl mechanism by in situ generated Pd−H species on the channel surface during photoirradiation. This proposed mechanism was further supported by DFT and ONIOM calculations.
Modelling Bulk Electrolytes and Electrolyte Interfaces with Atomistic Machine Learning
Authors: Shao Yunqi , Knijff Lisanne , Dietrich Florian M. , Hermansson Kersti , Zhang Chao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBatteries and supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage systems which involve multiple time‐scales and length‐scales. In terms of the electrolyte which serves as the ionic conductor, a molecular‐level understanding of the corresponding transport phenomena, electrochemical (thermal) stability and interfacial properties is crucial for optimizing the device performance and achieving safety requirements. To this end, atomistic machine learning is a promising technology for bridging microscopic models and macroscopic phenomena. Here, we provide a timely snapshot of recent advances in this area. This includes technical considerations that are particularly relevant for modelling electrolytes as well as specific examples of both bulk electrolytes and associated interfaces. A perspective on methodological challenges and new applications is also discussed.
Technological development of the bio‐based 2,3‐butanediol process
Authors: Tinôco Daniel , Borschiver Suzana , Coutinho Paulo L. , Freire Denise M. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe biotechnological production of 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BDO) has economic and environmental advantages over the chemical route, although its large‐scale implementation has not yet been consolidated. To establish the technological maturity of the bio‐based 2,3‐BDO process, and the factors limiting its industrial use, a technology roadmap was built from patents and scientific articles, in which four drivers were identified: production process, recovery process, product, and application. The production process driver was reported in 53.25% of documents, notably including studies on substrates, engineered microorganisms, efficient production methods, and nutritional supplementation. The recovery process driver was investigated in 23.5% of studies, with conventional distillation and solvent extraction being the main technologies performed on a large scale. Product and application drivers accounted for 9.25% and 14% of studies, respectively, highlighting the chemical intermediates, plastics, food additives, and cosmetics market segments. A limited number of companies like LanzaTech and GS Caltex Corporation already produce industrially bio‐based 2,3‐BDO, while academic centers such as the Yancheng Institute of Technology are focused to the laboratory scale with technologies to be implemented in the long term. This study can therefore help to establish and gain an understanding of the necessary strategies to consolidate the industrial production of bio‐based 2,3‐BDO in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Pyrolytic synthesis of organosilane‐functionalized carbon nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation
Authors: Li Feng , Qin Sining , Jia Sen , Wang Guiyan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of carbon‐based nanomaterials as effective photocatalysts is an ideal alternative for environmental remediation. Here, (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane‐functionalized carbon nanoparticles (SiCNPs) were prepared using a simple pyrolysis method with sodium citrate and urea as the precursors. The samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and photo‐electrochemical measures. The obtained SiCNPs‐2.0 showed a better visible light response and more effective photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue (MB) compared with pure CNPs. Under visible light irradiation, 98.8% of the MB was decomposed within 75 min when SiCNPs‐2.0 was used as the photocatalyst. The high photocatalytic activities of SiCNPs‐2.0 could be attributed to enhanced light absorption in the visible region, and improved photogenerated electron–hole separation efficiency. A possible photocatalytic mechanism for removal of MB over SiCNPs‐2.0 was proposed based on active species trapping experiments. Recycling experiments showed that SiCNPs‐2.0 had good stability during photocatalysis. This work provides a new easy method to synthesize carbon‐based nanomaterials and to catalytically degrade organic pollutants in water under visible light irradiation.
Responsive polymer‐assisted 3D cryogel supports Huh7.5 as in vitro hepatitis C virus model and ectopic human hepatic tissue in athymic mice
Authors: Jayal Priyanka , Behera Padmanava , Mullick Ranajoy , Ramachandra Subbaraya G. , Das Saumitra , Kumar Ashok , Karande Anjali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) cell culture models serve as the interface between conventional two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer culture and animal models. 3D culture offers the best possible model system to understand the pathophysiology of human pathogens such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), which lacks a small animal model, due to narrow host tropism and non‐permissiveness of murine hepatocytes. In this study, functionally robust spheroids of HCV permissive Huh7.5 cells were generated, assisted by the temperature or pH‐responsive polymers PNIPAAm and Eudragit respectively, followed by the long‐term growth of the multilayered 3D aggregates in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–alginate–gelatin (PAG) cryogel. The human serum albumin (HSA), marker of hepatic viability was detected up to 600 ng/ml on 24th day of culture. The 3D spheroid culture exhibited a distinct morphology and transcript levels with the upregulation of hepato‐specific transcripts, nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), transthyretin (TTr), albumin (Alb), phase I and phase II drug‐metabolizing genes. The two most important phase I enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, together responsible for 90% metabolism of drugs exhibited up to 9‐ and 12‐fold increment, respectively in transcripts. The 3D culture was highly permissive to HCV infection and supported higher multiplicity of infection compared to monolayer Huh7.5 culture. Quantitation of high levels of HSA (500–200 ng/ml) in circulation in mice for 32 days asserted integration with host vasculature and in vivo establishment of 3D culture implants as an ectopic human hepatic tissue in mice. The study demonstrates the 3D spheroid Huh7.5 culture as a model for HCV studies and screening potential for anti‐HCV drug candidates.