bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un modelo pedagógico de aprehensión de la realidad para desarrollar la expresión estética
Authors: Casas Rodríguez Martha María 
Published: February 2020

En el presente artículo se presenta una reflexión acerca de la necesidad de un cambio conceptual en educación estética. Hace una breve síntesis de los conceptos estéticos a través de la historia hasta nuestros días. Se asevera que el conocimiento estético contribuye a lograr sentir, pensar y percibir equilibradamente.
Se parte de una concepción moderna del discurso pedagógico alineado con el aprendizaje significativo y de concepciones basadas en fundamentos psicológicos y antropológicos de la expresión estética.
Finalmente, se ofrecen nuevas relaciones para establecer un modelo pedagógico de aprehensión de la realidad que integra lo estético al aprendizaje y su metodología.
FUNERAL RITE OF THE POPULATION OF THE DNIEPER FOREST-STEPPE LEFT BANK OF THE EARLY SCYTHIAN TIME: VARIANT OF ANALYSIS
Authors: Grechko D. S. 
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the results of a cluster analysis of the burials of the Early Scythian time of the Dnieper forest-steppe Left Bank. Clusters and groups are distinguished which have local and ethno-cultural characteristics. The analysis made it possible to distinguish two large blocks of clusters: the «Posulian» and «Vorklinsky» clusters, which confirmed the previous conclusions of the researchers.
An analysis of the orientation of the burials has shown that the population of the Dnieper forest-steppe Left Bank of the Early Scythian time was dominated by the idea of placing the world of the dead in the south, both among farmers and nomads. Deviation from the basic orientation could be seasonal, or associated with the direction of the land of ancestors, or an important landmark (Greater Skorobir for the Belsk necropolis). A necropolis is located in the village. Kupewaha, which allows one to assume that it belongs to a fairly separate group of nomads.
In separate burial grounds there were recorded graves which belonged to different clusters. Burials of Vorskla’s ordinary farmers were represented by clusters 6, 8, 10, and burials, most likely, nomads — cluster 9 and groups 11B and 11B. Clusters 5, 7, 12 have an indeterminate nature. The burial grounds can be conditionally divided into necropolises of the local population, nomads and mixed ones.
AMAZONS IN VIKING AGE
Authors: Fialko O. Ye. 
Published: February 2020

Amazons are usually associated with the period of the early Iron Age. However, a large number of graves of armed women of the early Middle Ages are known in the territory of Eurasia. In the Scandinavian countries, the period of the 9th — the first half of the 11th centuries was called the «Viking Age». This period is related to the military, commercial and demographic expansion of the Scandinavians. During the archaeological researches, burials of women with weapons were recorded in the cemeteries of Denmark, Norway and Southern Sweden. They constitute a small series of 16 funerary complexes.
Typically, the female warriors were buried in individual graves, and only occasionally they were accompanied by a woman or a child. Only in two cases armed man and woman of equal social level were placed in one grave. In the necropolis, the graves of the Amazons are usually localized among the military graves. On the territory of Western Europe, both rites of burial of warriors — inhumation and cremation are registered.
The age range of female warriors is quite wide — from 10 to 50—60 years, with the domination of young women. The material complex showed that women’s weapons were intended for both remote (bows and arrows, spears) and close combat (swords, knives, axes). And in this period preference was given to axes. Several graves of female warriors were accompanied by a horse or a set of horse ammunition. This means that women could also fight in the equestrian battles.
Based on the range and the number of weapons, the Amazons of the Viking Age mainly were part of the lightly armed units. These women took up arms on a par with men in moments of acute necessity — periods of seizing of new territories or defending their lands from an external enemy.
TURKISH FACTOR IN THE GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE OF UKRAINE (BY ARCHAEOLOGICAL MATERIALS)
Authors: Biliaieva S. O. 
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the participation of Turk’s factor in the civilization process on the territory of Ukraine from the middle of the first — in the second millennium AD.
The study of the relations between Turks and Slavs for the long time was under press of negative views on the role of nomads, especially events of Mongol and Tatar’s invasion on the Old Russ in the middle of the XIII cent. The records were limited by written sources, and first archaeological materials come under observation only from the second part of XIX century. The results of mass archaeological excavation become the base of the investigation till the end of XX — at the beginning of the XXI century. It was the time of transformation of methodological position also. Due to achievements in the study of Turks monuments in Ukraine, the new aspects of the problem can be investigated.
First of all, it is needed to stress the specific of natural environment of the Ukrainian lands, which provided the possibility of the development of the settled and nomadic mode of life. For the second one, the position on the crossroads of Asian and European worlds was one of the main reasons of the coming of Turk’s tribes into Ukraine, which became of the place of the obliged contacts and interrelations of Slav’s and Turk’s societies.
The great attention was done to the problem of social organization of different Turk’s societies on the way to civilization, its contacts with Slavs on the different stages of the historical development, ethno and cultural integration. In the results of the archaeological and anthropological investigations the assimilation of the great part of Turks population on the territory of the Ukrainian lands was established. Besides of it, genetic features of Turks not only registries, but increased in the population of the Middle Dnieper area of Late Medieval and Modern periods. But in spite of that, in the formation of the Ukrainian nation the Slav’s component dominated. The movement of population, especially Cossacks to the direction of the Azov and Black sea was fixed, as of the natural and historical frontiers of Ukrainian lands.
THE TERRITORY OF THE CENTRAL SCYTHIA (FROM SOLOKHA TO CHORTOMLYK)
Authors: Boltryk Yu. V. , Okatenko V. M. , Toscev G. M. 
Published: February 2020

This article is devoted to the extensive description of the environment of the two largest settlement structures of the Eastern European steppes — the Kapuliv and Kamyanka which date V—III centuries BC. These two powerful settlements appeared on the opposite banks near the ancient crossings through the Dnipro. They formed the main core of the Scythian state, in which Kapuliv served as the capital and Kamyanka was its economic partner. Intense life here has arisen from the time of Ariapet’s rule to the life of the descendants of King Ateus.
The Scythians chose the best place in the Pontic steppe, where in the zone of floodplain meadows and forests there were numerous straits with lakes surrounded by magnificent pastures. Therefore, along with these two main settlements, on the banks and partly in the floodplain, there were many settlements of the second order.
The importance of this zone is emphasized by the accumulation of kurhans and graveyards placed almost symmetrically on different shores. In the immediate surrounding of the settlements there are almost equal in importance burial mounds of the ordinary population. Among them are the burial ground near the village Kut, the Nikopol mound field and the burial ground of Mamay-Gora. The last one is the largest in the Eastern Europe in terms of the number of excavated burials. This graveyard is unique due to five large kurhans, located in one line: three long kurhans and two round in plan. It is possible that there was a general Scythian cult center.
Further from the Dnipro there were burial memorials of representatives of the higher social stage, among which were the largest burial mounds of Scythia — Solokha and Chortomlyk. There is a noteworthy mound alley (1.6 km long), which retreated to the west of the Solokha kurhan and turned slightly to the north, where it probably connected with a part of another smaller kurhan alley.
Not far from a smaller alley there was the recently opened manufacturing settlement Sorokina Balka. The time of its existence (all IV BC) is recorded by the findings of the coins of the cities of the North Pontus, the Marmara Sea and Macedonia.
STONES, SEA AND BARROWS: SCYTHIAN TIME SITES IN THE LANDSCAPE OF NORTHERN AZOV COAST
Authors: Demina A. D. 
Published: February 2020

Herodotus described the land to the north of the Maeotian lake as a place where the royal Scythian tribes lived. Today, the northern coast of the Azov sea is most commonly associated with this land. However, even though nomadic barrows have been excavated there for more than a century, this region remains the blind spot on the archaeological map of European Scythia, in the comparison to the neighboring sites in the Dnieper and Don basins. Only the «elite» Scythian burial sites, such as Melitopol kurgan, Bierdiansk kurgan and Dvohorba mohyla have been analyzed in the broader context of nomadic burial practices. To address this gap, I have made a closer examination of 117 barrows with 160 burials of Scythian time in this region. In particular, I focused on whether the distinctive features of the local landscape correlate to the burial construction patterns. The sites, included in this research, are located within the 60 km area to the north of coastline. The latitudinal extend of this area is approximately 380 km. In addition, several sites, such as Tokmak barrows and Perederieva mohyla, which are not located in the Azov littoral, but in the upstream basins of coastal rivers are surveyed as well. This territory is divided in several geographic zones, though the high-cliffed Donets ridge and Azov Upland along with flat lowlands of Black Sea and Azov sea occupy the largest part of it. Considering the size and diversity of the territory, the claim of studying some common landscape characteristics seems to be problematic. However, this study shows that land use strategies have reflected in (1) the pattern and frequency of stone constructions, (2) the use of marine eelgrass as architectural material and (3) the arrangement of sites in regard to the bronze age barrows. This analysis contributes to the understanding of regional differentiation of burial sites and land use characteristics in Scythian time.
THE ROADS OF MILITARY EVENTS: BUKOVINA, XIV—XVIII CENTURIES
Authors: Korzhyk V. P. 
Published: February 2020

The presence of communication, their density, quality, parameters to a large extent determine the strategy, logistics, tactics and overall success of military conflict resolution. On the territory of Bukovina, which is marked by an intensely dissected topography and a high degree of afforestation, the road network adapted to these difficult conditions. It played a decisive role in the implementation of the historical-geographical process in its belligerative format. From this position military conflicts signifying for Bukovyna were analyzed.
The battle in the Kozmin forest (October 1497) between Poland (Jan Olbright) and Moldova (Stefan the Great) (Chernivtsi region, Glybotsky district) is very interesting for military history. Due to the high level of forestness of the territory and a small number of roads, the battle took place along the main road at a distance of 20—22 km. For those times it became a unique phenomenon. The tactics of the forest ambush allowed a much smaller Moldovian army (a maximum of 16—17 thousand people) to achieve significant success in a short time.
Was destroyed more than half of the living force of the enemy, captured several thousand Poles, seized all the siege technology, artillery, column, carriage of the king. As a result, from 50—60 thousand Polish troops returned home only a dozen of personal guards of the king.
In October 1685, fighting near the villages of Boyany — Raranche (Novoselytsya district) took place between the troops of the Polish crown hetman Jan Jablonowski (30000 soldiers) and the Turkish-Tatar-Moldovian coalition (about 140 thousand soldiers). The commander, who was pressed to the forested hills of Khotyn highland, had to look for ways to retreat by forest roads. Due to their small quantity and poor condition, carrying out rearguard battles, he managed to save the army from defeat. The author supposed 3 options for choosing a retreat path. Now is necessary to determine the actual road with additional research using a metal detector.
In November 1691, near the village of Ropcha (Storozhynets district), after leaving Moldova, the army of Jan Sobieski, on the only one old transit route here, fell on a three-day snow storm. Non combat losses was more than 50 % soldiers, 100 % ammunition, artillery, many horses and carts. The reason is in a small number of dwellings near this road and in the absence of feed.
In 1739, during the Russo-Turkish War, the Russian army under General von Münnich in the territory of the Khotyn Hill unexpectedly and illogically used the difficult path for maneuvering across forests between the villages Zhuchka and Raranche. As a result of the two subsequent battles, the Turkish Army was broken up.
Thus, the historical geographic analysis on the principle of reflection gives the excellent opportunity to identify the nature and course of military events, exploring the network of ancient routes.
TILE COMPOSITIONS FROM DECORATION OF STOVES IN BATURYN IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 17th AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 18th CENTURIES
Authors: Myronenko L. V. 
Published: February 2020

The tile compositions from decoration of Baturyn’s stoves are discussed. Based on the form, size and number of composite elements, the tile compositions are attributed to the tile panels and friezes. All finds had localized within two objects: hetman’s palace on the Citadel (two stoves) and a house of a Baturyn nobleman on the territory of Fortress (one stove).
In the decorative construction of the polychrome stove in the Hetman’s palace, there was a tile panel, which included the large heraldic tile and a frame from the belt tiles. The frame is presented in two variants, and it’s probable to determine which of them covered the central panel. Besides that, in the central part of this polychrome stove, the tile frieze was located. Its central elements were represented by small round heraldic tiles. From the tile panel in the decoration of the second stove in Hetman’s house, only fragments of a monochrome green frame were found.
The tiled panel from the stove of the dwelling on the territory of the fortress consisted of four square tiles which formed the heraldic image of the two-headed eagle. Graphic reconstructions of tile compositions can be used in future to reconstruct the decor of the stoves.
GLAZED POTTERY MANUFACTURING IN CRIMEA AT THE TIMES OF ULUG ULUS
Authors: Teslenko I. B. 
Published: February 2020

Different questions related to the manufacturing of glazed pottery in Taurica during the Jochid state and the Genoese colonization are in the sphere of scientists’ interests for more than a century. Significant increase of the archeological collections in the last decades of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, together with the more progressive approaches to the analysis of large volumes of ceramics, and the using of archeometrical methods, allow to reach a new level of study in this field.
Now on the territory of the Crimea are known at least 10 pottery workshops, which have appeared at different times in the period from the last quarter of the 13th (not earlier than the end of the 1260s) to the first quarter of the 15th century and 6 site with single evidence of such manufacturing. 9 workshops were located in five medieval town of the peninsula: 2 — in Kaffa (Theodosia), 2 — in Soldaya (Sudak), at least 2 — in Solhat (Staryi Krym), one in Lusta (Alushta) and in Chambalo (Balaklava). Two more workshops (the earliest ones among known) were found at the settlement of the potters Bokatash II in Solkhat vicinity. Visual, and in some cases archeometrical characteristics of their products were determined. So it became possible to estimate the volumes of the glazed pottery manufacturing of various regions of the peninsula (South-Eastern and South-Western Crimea), as well as the individual workshops, in particular in Alushta, Balaklava and Bokatash. In addition, it allowed to determine the geography, volume and dynamics of the trade by glazed pottery from Crimea. The last one began to form an appreciable part of the ceramic assemblages outside the peninsula from around the 1320s.
At the beginning of the glazed ceramics production in Taurica the distinction in cultural traditions among the workshops were well visible. Some of them presumably may indicate the origin of the craftsmen from the territory of Anatolia, Transcaucasia, the Eastern Mediterranean, the Balkans, and possibly Central Asia, and may be even Italy. Subsequently, around the last third of the 14th century, this individuality is gradually replaced by standardization of production. The leader in this craft became the Genoese trading posts, headed by Caffa.
GLASSWARE FROM THE EXCAVATIONS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE MEDZHYBOZH FORTRESS IN 2015
Authors: Tolkachov Yu. I. , Zhurukhina O. Yu. 
Published: February 2020

Excavations conducted on the territory of the Medzhybozh Fortress in 2015, explored the cultural layer, in which among various archaeological material were found objects of glass. Finds are divided into three categories: vessels, jewelry, and decor elements. Most of them are jewelry: the bracelets and beads. The vessels, beads, and bracelets, according to their morphology and technology, have Ancient Rus’ origin. Some of the bracelets were produced in Byzantium. The fragments of the window glass belong, probably, to the later period.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX WITH GLAZED POTTERY OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 15th — FIRST HALF OF THE 16th CENTURIES (based on materials of the Kyiv Old Arsenal excavations)
Authors: Onohda O. V. 
Published: February 2020

The paper introduces further materials of the Old Arsenal archaeological research. Ceramics from the object 12B of dig II in Arsenal inner yard were chosen for analysis. The author examined the pottery set and concluded it to be quite typical for the second half of the 15th — first half of the 16th centuries, due to its morphological and technological characteristics. The majority of vessels are pots with rims of various types. Other forms are represented rarely; among them are lid and makitra fragments. A tile of an interesting type also comes from the object. However, ceramics collection of the considered complex differs from other Arsenal objects by the presence of pottery fragments with glaze traces and stains. All glaze was transparent and green of different shades. Massive thick layers of it are found on some of the pottery fragments surfaces. Such features are considered to be signs of production waste. It is assumed that a pottery production site might have been localized nearby Arsenal area. As far as there were no other evident traces of production activities, such assumption is a draft of conclusion.
Translation Quality Assessment of TSE Standards Translated from English into Turkish: Examining the Effect of Commission in the Light of the Skopos Theory
Authors: KOÇER GÜLDAL Betül , ANTONOVA ÜNLÜ Elena 
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to evaluate translation quality of the standards translated from English into Turkish before 2016 and after 2016 to determine whether there was an improvement in the translation quality of standards as a result of the introduction of a translation commission [auftrag]. For this purpose, corpus one (C1) consisting of ten randomly chosen standards in the field of construction translated before 2016, and corpus two (C2) consisting of ten randomly chosen standards in the field of construction translated after 2016 were evaluated according to the translation quality assessment model Multidimensional Quality Metrics(MQM) (Lommel, Burchardt,&amp;Uszkoreit, 2014, 2015). The translation errors found in each corpus were classified according to seventeen error types and their severities. Then the results of the translation quality analysis of C1 and C2 were compared to find out whether there was any improvement in the translation quality of C2 after the introduction of the translation commission. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were utilized in the study. The data analysis revealed that the introduction of the translation commission improved the quality of translation: there was a significant decrease in error rates in C2. Moreover, the error patterns in C1 and C2 were found to differ significantly: the translation errors in C1 were distributed uniformly over the error categories, while the majority of the errors in C2 belonged to the category of Fluency. The study finally discussed the findings in relation to the availability of a translation commission in the translation process within the framework of Skopos theory.
Fenomena ragam spiritualitas rumah Jawa
Authors: Wibowo Satrio Hasto Broto 
Published: February 2020

Budaya spiritualitas masyarakat Jawa terwujud dalam beragam arsitektur rumah Jawa.Â Spiritualitas dalam ragamÂ rumah Jawa masih banyak yang belum terungkap menjadi ilmu pengetahuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap ragam spiritualitas yang mendasari keberadaan ragam rumah Jawa di berbagai wilayah Jawa. Riset lapangan (field research) menjadi metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaÂ spiritualitas dalam rumah Jawa berupa keberadaan sumber spiritualitas di dalam dan di luarÂ rumah Jawa yang berpengaruh terhadap penghuni maupun fisik arsitektural. Sumber spiritual yang berada di dalam rumah berupa Sunan Walisanga, Dewi Sri (mbokde Sri) dan Pasungdari. Keberadaan mereka termnifesatasikan pada ruang (senthong tengah dan pusat rumah) Â da pada Â rangka rumah. Sumber spiritual yang berada di luar rumah adalah Ratu Kidul di Laut Selatan dan Dewa-dewi di Keblat. Keberadaan mereka berimplikasi pada arah hadap rumah Jawa menghadap Selatan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa rumah Jawa memiliki ragam spiritualitas yang berbeda-beda dan Â mendasari terbentuknya arsitektural rumah Jawa.
ASPEK RITUAL DALAM TRADISI LISAN BALAMUT DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Yulianto Agus 
Published: February 2020

Lamut adalah seni tutur masyarakat Banjar yang hampir punah. Hal itu disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Salah satunya disebabkan oleh aspek ritual yang dikandungnya. Oleh sebab itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aspek ritual balamut serta apa yang menyebabkan tradisi lisan balamut mengalami ancaman kepunahan. Masalah penelitian ini adalah seperti apa aspek-aspek ritual yang terdapat dalam tradisi lisan balamut dan apa yang menyebabkan tradisi lisan balamut ini terancam mengalami kepunahan. Kajian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik kajian pustaka. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa unsur ritual dalam lamut terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu secara verbal dan nonverbal dan hal yang menyebabkan tradisi lisan balamut terancam mengalami kepunahan disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan eksternal dari kesenian balamut itu sendiri.