bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes with ureteral access sheath in retrograde intrarenal surgery: a retrospective comparative analysis
Authors: Sari Sercan , Cakici Mehmet Caglar , Aykac Aykut , Baran Ozer , Selmi Volkan , Karakoyunlu Ahmet Nihat 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Retrograde intrarenal surgery is used for treatment of urinary system stones. The ureteral access sheath (UAS) is used to decrease intrapelvic pressure, help with access of multiple instruments, and facilitate drainage and removal of the fragmented stones.

OBJECTIVE:
Assess the effect of the UAS on the outcomes of retrograde intrarenal surgery.

DESIGN:
A retrospective patient data review.

SETTING:
Training and research hospital in Turkey.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We reviewed the data of patients who had undergone retrograde intrarenal surgery between 2012-2019. Patients who had kidney anomalies, were <18 years old, and who had ureteral and urethral strictures were excluded from the study. The demographic characteristics, stone type, complications, intraoperative and postoperative data of the patients were reviewed. A successful outcome was defined as being stone free or having clinically insignificant residual fragments (<3 mm). The use of the UAS was compared with other procedures in terms of efficiency and safety. Factors determining UAS usage were assessed by multivariate analysis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Stone free rate and complication rate in patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery.

SAMPLE SIZE:
1808 patients met inclusion criteria.

RESULTS:

The UAS was used in 1489 procedures, while other methods were used in 319 procedures. Operation time was 46.9 (17.3) minutes and 42.9 (19.0) minutes with other methods. Postoperative double J stent usage rates were 88.2% and 63% in the UAS and other methods, respectively. The rate of successful outcome was 88.2% and 81.2% in the UAS and other methods, respectively (
P
<.001). The rate of complications was similar in both groups (
P
=.543). In a multivariate analysis, UAS usage was directly proportional with stone size and inversely proportional with preoperative JJ stent usage

CONCLUSION:
The UAS can be effectively and successfully used in retrograde intrarenal surgery for treatment of urinary system stones. UAS usage should be considered for the patients who have large stones (2 cm) and do not have a preoperative double J stent.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective design.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Daytime aerosol optical depth above low-level clouds is similar to that in adjacent clear skies at the same heights: airborne observation above the southeast Atlantic
Authors: Shinozuka Yohei , Kacenelenbogen Meloë S. , Burton Sharon P. , Howell Steven G. , Zuidema Paquita , Ferrare Richard A. , LeBlanc Samuel E. , Pistone Kristina , Broccardo Stephen , Redemann Jens , Schmidt K. Sebastian , Cochrane Sabrina P. , Fenn Marta , Freitag Steffen , Dobracki Amie , Segal-Rosenheimer Michal , Flynn Connor J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. To help satellite retrieval of aerosols and studies of their radiative
effects, we demonstrate that daytime aerosol optical depth over low-level
clouds is similar to that in neighboring clear skies at the same heights.
Based on recent airborne lidar and sun photometer observations above the
southeast Atlantic, the mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) difference at 532 nm is between 0 and
−0.01, when comparing the cloudy and clear sides, each up to 20 km wide, of
cloud edges. The difference is not statistically significant according to a
paired t test. Systematic differences in the wavelength dependence of AOD
and in situ single scattering albedo are also minuscule. These results hold
regardless of the vertical distance between cloud top and aerosol layer
bottom. AOD aggregated over ∼2∘ grid boxes for each of
September 2016, August 2017 and October 2018 also shows little correlation
with the presence of low-level clouds. We posit that a satellite retrieval
artifact is entirely responsible for a previous finding of generally smaller
AOD over clouds (Chung et al., 2016), at least for the region and time of
our study. Our results also suggest that the same values can be assumed for
the intensive properties of free-tropospheric biomass-burning aerosol
regardless of whether clouds are present below.
Eichmann, moreel oordelen en strafuitsluitingsgronden
Authors: Bijlsma J. (Johannes) 
Published: October 2020

Eichmann, moreel oordelen en strafuitsluitingsgronden. De gedeelde verantwoordelijkheid voor verantwoordelijkheid
Tegenwoordig bestaat meer aandacht voor burgers die om uiteenlopende redenen niet goed in staat zijn om zich aan juridische normen te houden, in het bijzonder ook aan strafrechtelijke normen. Het gaat om mensen wier cognitieve vermogens tekortschieten en/of die een onderontwikkeld vermogen van zelfcontrole hebben. Deze ontwikkeling kan worden beschouwd als een zekere mate van erkenning dat de maatschappij – en de overheid in het bijzonder – medeverantwoordelijk is voor het scheppen van de bestaansvoorwaarden waaronder mensen zich kunnen ontplooien tot verantwoordelijke burgers. In dit artikel betoog ik dat deze gedeelde verantwoordelijkheid niet alleen geldt voor de ontwikkeling van de mentale capaciteiten die nodig zijn om de normen van het recht te kunnen volgen, maar ook voor het bieden van toegang aan burgers tot de materiële normen zelf.
Grondslag en grenzen van noodweer(exces)
Authors: ter Haar R. (Rob) 
Published: October 2020

Grondslag en grenzen van noodweer(exces)
Noodweer berust op een dubbele grondslag: zelfverdediging en rechtsordeverdediging. In de praktijk bestaat onduidelijkheid over de precieze verhouding tussen beide pijlers. In dit artikel wordt een aanzet gegeven die verhouding te verduidelijken, om vervolgens enkele recente moeilijke noodweerzaken te bezien in het licht van die verhouding. Tevens is getracht de grondslag van noodweerexces bloot te leggen.
La aproximación a los restos arqueológicos de la batería de Varadero mediante el análisis de la cartografía = The Approach to the Archaeological Remains of the Varadero Battery Through the Analysis of the Cartography
Authors: Sánchez Holgado José Ramón 
Published: October 2020

La necesidad de custodia de la costa de Granada, especialmente a partir del siglo XVI, motivó la construcción de fortalezas sucesivas que formaban parte de un complejo programa defensivo que duró siglos. A medida que pasó el tiempo y aunque aumentaron los peligros, algunas de estas construcciones cayeron en desuso y fueron tristemente abandonadas, e incluso desaparecieron. El objetivo de esta investigación es recopilar y analizar la información disponible, principalmente en la cartografía de la época, permitiendo la localización, identificación y protección de los restos arqueológicos de la batería de Varadero.AbstractThe need for protection of the coast of Granada, especially from 16th century, motivated the construction of successive fortresses that were part of a complex defensive program that lasted for centuries. As times went by and new dangers appeared, some of these war constructions fell into disuse and were sadly abandoned, and even disappeared. This research aims at collecting and analyzing the available information, mainly in the cartography of the time, allowing the localization, identication and protection of the archaeological remains of the Varadero battery.
Reseña de: Murphy, Alexander B. (2020). Geografía. ¿Por qué importa?
Authors: Morales Yago Francisco José 
Published: October 2020

Reseña de: Murphy, Alexander B. (2020). Geografía. ¿Por qué importa? Madrid: Alianza Editorial. 162 págs. ISBN- 978-84-9080-762-8.
Monetary Factors and Inflation in Kenya: Comparative Aggregated and Disaggregated Econometric Analysis
Authors: Kiganda Evans Ovamba , Omondi Margaret Atieno 
Published: October 2020

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the influence of monetary factors on inflation in Kenya.
Study Design: Correlational research design was employed to analyze the relationship between inflation and monetary factors in Kenya.
Methodology: Monthly time series data from Central Bank of Kenya spanning from 2005 to 2018 was used for analysis using Variance decomposition, impulse response and Granger causality techniques.
Results: Results indicated that total money supply had a positive influence on inflation that was highly influenced by extended broad money.
Conclusion: The study concluded that imports influence inflation in Kenya but commercial imports highly determined total imports influence on inflation in Kenya.
Home Sample Self‐Collection for COVID‐19 Patients
Authors: Liao Wan‐Ting , Hsu Min‐Yen , Shen Ching‐Fen , Hung Kai‐Feng , Cheng Chao‐Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReal‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) using specimens collected from nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs is the standard screening approach for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). While PCR is rapid and highly accurate, it requires costly laboratory equipment and healthcare professionals that limit its use for large‐scale screening of mild or asymptomatic patients. Self‐collection kits for use in the home could remedy this and have consequently received great attention. In April, 2020, a self‐collection kit from LapCorp was the first such kit to be approved by the FDA. In the following month, May 2020, another kit developed by Everlywell received FDA approval, and more kits are evidently on their way to the market in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Because these home‐based, self‐collection kits are easy to use and may be more acceptable for patients, they provide a superior screening option for mild or asymptomatic patients under self‐quarantine. These kits conserve personal protective equipment and healthcare manpower already in short supply. The primary issues affecting the efficacy of this approach are the potential for inappropriate sampling and insufficient clinical examination. A detailed review of the commercially available kits currently available is provided and their prospective impact is noted during the current pandemic.
Suppressing Ion Migration across Perovskite Grain Boundaries by Polymer Additives
Authors: Ma Yuhui , Cheng Yuanhang , Xu Xiuwen , Li Menglin , Zhang Chujun , Cheung Sin Hang , Zeng Zixin , Shen Dong , Xie Yue‐Min , Chiu Ka Lok , Lin Fen , So Shu Kong , Lee Chun‐Sing , Tsang Sai‐Wing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPassivation of organometal halide perovskites with polar molecules has been recently demonstrated to improve the photovoltaic device efficiency and stability. However, the mechanism is still elusive. Here, it is found that both polymers with large and small dipole moment of 3.7 D and 0.6 D have negligible defect passivation effect on the MAPbI3 perovskite films as evidenced by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. The photovoltaic devices with and without the polymer additives also have comparable power conversion efficiencies around 19%. However, devices with the additives have noticeable improvement in stability under continuous light irradiation. It is found that although the initial mobile ion concentrations are comparable in both devices with and without the additives, the additives can strongly suppress the ion migration during the device operation. This contributes to the significantly enhanced electrical‐field stress tolerance of the perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). The PVSCs with polymer additives can operate up to −2 V reverse voltage bias which is much larger than the breakdown voltage of −0.5 V that has been commonly observed. This study provides insight into the role of additives in perovskites and the corresponding device degradation mechanism.
Chitosan/Diatom‐Biosilica Aerogel with Controlled Porous Structure for Rapid Hemostasis
Authors: Li Jing , Sun Xiaojie , Zhang Kaichao , Yang Guoning , Mu Yuzhi , Su Chang , Pang Jianhui , Chen Tongtong , Chen Xiguang , Feng Chao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUncontrolled hemorrhage is the main reason of possible preventable death after accidental injury. It is necessary to develop a hemostatic agent with rapid hemostatic performance and good biocompatibility. In this study, a chitosan/diatom‐biosilica‐based aerogel is developed using dopamine as cross‐linker by simple alkaline precipitation and tert‐butyl alcohol replacement. The chitosan/diatom‐biosilica aerogel exhibits favorable biocompatibility and multiscale hierarchical porous structure (from nanometer to micrometer), which can be controlled by the concentration of tert‐butyl alcohol. The displacement of tert‐butyl alcohol can keep the porosity of diatom‐biosilica in aerogel and give it large surface with efficient water absorption ratio. 30% tert‐butyl alcohol replacement of aerogel possesses the largest surface area (74.441 m2 g−1), water absorption capacity (316.83 ± 2.04%), and excellent hemostatic performance in vitro blood coagulation (≈70 s). Furthermore, this aerogel exhibits the shortest clotting time and lowest blood loss in rat hemorrhage model. The strong interface effect between aerogel and blood is able to promote erythrocytes aggregation, platelets adhesion, and activation, as well as, activate the intrinsic coagulation pathway to accelerate blood coagulation. All the above results demonstrate that chitosan/diatom‐biosilica aerogel has great potential to be a safe and rapid hemostatic material.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Design Principles for Materials and Structures: Material Figure‐of‐Merit and Self‐Resonance Tuning
Authors: Song Hyun‐Cheol , Kim Sun‐Woo , Kim Hyun Soo , Lee Dong‐Gyu , Kang Chong‐Yun , Nahm Sahn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPiezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) aim to generate sufficient power to operate targeting device from the limited ambient energy. PEH includes mechanical‐to‐mechanical, mechanical‐to‐electrical, and electrical‐to‐electrical energy conversions, which are related to PEH structures, materials, and circuits, respectively; these should be efficient for increasing the total power. This critical review focuses on PEH structures and materials associated with the two major energy conversions to improve PEH performance. First, the resonance tuning mechanisms for PEH structures maintaining continuous resonance, regardless of a change in the vibration frequency, are presented. Based on the manual tuning technique, the electrically‐ and mechanically‐driven self‐resonance tuning (SRT) techniques are introduced in detail. The representative SRT harvesters are summarized in terms of tunability, power consumption, and net power. Second, the figure‐of‐merits of the piezoelectric materials for output power are summarized based on the operating conditions, and optimal piezoelectric materials are suggested. Piezoelectric materials with large kij, dij, and gij values are suitable for most PEHs, whereas those with large kij and Qm values should be used for on‐resonance conditions, wherein the mechanical energy is directly supplied to the piezoelectric material. This comprehensive review provides insights for designing efficient structures and selection of proper piezoelectric materials for PEHs.
Portable Food‐Freshness Prediction Platform Based on Colorimetric Barcode Combinatorics and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Guo Lingling , Wang Ting , Wu Zhonghua , Wang Jianwu , Wang Ming , Cui Zequn , Ji Shaobo , Cai Jianfei , Xu Chuanlai , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractArtificial scent screening systems (known as electronic noses, E‐noses) have been researched extensively. A portable, automatic, and accurate, real‐time E‐nose requires both robust cross‐reactive sensing and fingerprint pattern recognition. Few E‐noses have been commercialized because they suffer from either sensing or pattern‐recognition issues. Here, cross‐reactive colorimetric barcode combinatorics and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are combined to form a system for monitoring meat freshness that concurrently provides scent fingerprint and fingerprint recognition. The barcodes—comprising 20 different types of porous nanocomposites of chitosan, dye, and cellulose acetate—form scent fingerprints that are identifiable by DCNN. A fully supervised DCNN trained using 3475 labeled barcode images predicts meat freshness with an overall accuracy of 98.5%. Incorporating DCNN into a smartphone application forms a simple platform for rapid barcode scanning and identification of food freshness in real time. The system is fast, accurate, and non‐destructive, enabling consumers and all stakeholders in the food supply chain to monitor food freshness.
Carbon‐Nanogold Hierarchical Micro/Nano Topographies for Cell Guidance
Authors: Chauhan Gaurav , Lujambio Ángeles Alejandro , Gonzalez‐González Everardo , Kulkarni Manish M , Trujillo‐de Santiago Grissel , Alvarez Mario M. , Madou Marc , Martinez‐Chapa Sergio O. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere it is reported on the fabrication of a carbon‐gold micro/nano hierarchical platform using a stimuli‐responsive wrinkling technology. The approach exploits the generation of depth wise photo‐crosslinking gradient in SU8 thin films doped with a UV light absorbing gold precursor. Wrinkled films are then pyrolyzed at 900 °C, resulting in well preserved carbonized wrinkle patterns along with the growth of GNPs. The wrinkling phenomenon is explained using a theoretical model that includes the influence of the film thickness, the gold precursor concentration, and the exposure gradient that sets the theoretical intermolecular distance of free monomers along the film's depth direction. The predicted evolution of the wrinkle patterns is supported by experimental results. Surface roughness and wetting properties of the resulting topographies are studied in detail. GNPs act as potential anchor points for cell adhesion whereas mechanical topographies controls the cellular alignment as a result of contact guidance. Fibronectin functionalization significantly improves cell attachment, biocompatibility, and provides highly aligned cell cultures. This whole strategy of fabricating non‐planar carbon/gold‐based cell culture platform has great potential for their use in lab on a chip and tissue engineering based applications.
Divergent Halogenation Pathways of 2,2‐Dichlorobut‐3‐yn‐1‐ols to 3‐Chloro‐4‐Iodofurans and α‐Chloro‐γ‐Iodoallenes: Electrophilic versus Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Halogenation Strategies
Authors: Abozeid Mohamed Ahmed , Kim Hun Young , Oh Kyungsoo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDivergent halogenation pathways of 2,2‐dichlorobut‐3‐yn‐1‐ols have been developed to give 3,4‐dihalofurans and 1,3‐dihaloallenyl ketones in good to excellent yields. Thus, the readily accessible 2,2‐dichlorobut‐3‐yn‐1‐ols were treated with the electrophilic halogen source to provide the 1,3‐dihalogen‐substituted allenyl ketones, whereas the use of Pd(II) catalyst promoted the oxypalladation followed by the electrophilic halogenation to give 3,4‐dihalogen‐substituted furan derivatives. The synthetic utility of 3,4‐dihalofurans and 1,3‐dihaloallenyl ketones is demonstrated in the sequential Suzuki cross coupling strategies.magnified image
Material Strategies to Accelerate OPV Technology Toward a GW Technology
Authors: Brabec Christoph J. , Distler Andreas , Du Xiaoyan , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim , Hauch Jens , Heumueller Thomas , Li Ning 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the rise of the solar power century, photovoltaic applications and installations will go beyond the traditional green field power plants and enter any aspect of daily life. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) demonstrate certified cell efficiencies of over 17% and are expected to contribute to versatile applications powered by solar energy, for instance, applications rely on flexibility, transparency, color management, or integrability. In this work, the progress of OPV technology is briefly reviewed and the material strategies to accelerate OPV technology toward a GW era are analyzed. In addition to the exciting efficiency values achieved for small area devices, there are many important criteria deciding the success of OPV technology. By taking into consideration the synthetic complexity of OPV materials and the operational stability of OPV devices, the industrial figure of merit (i‐FoM) is proposed as a fast and reliable method to verify the true potential of a novel material. Furthermore, “soft” key performance indicators are introduced, such as toxicity, flexibility, transparency, processing, which require different development strategies to reflect the potential of OPV technology for specific applications.
Fabrication Strategy for Efficient 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Diffusion Passivation and Strain Compensation
Authors: Zhang Cuiling , Wu Shaohang , Tao Leiming , Arumugam Gowri Manohari , Liu Chong , Wang Zhen , Zhu Shusheng , Yang Yuzhao , Lin Jie , Liu Xingyuan , Schropp Ruud E. I. , Mai Yaohua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLattice matching and passivation are generally seen as the main beneficial effects in 2D/3D perovskite heterostructured solar cells, but the understanding of the mechanisms involved is still incomplete. In this work, it is shown that 2D/3D heterostructure are unstable under common thermal processing conditions, caused by the lattice expansion of strained 2D perovskite. Therefore an innovative fabrication technology involving a compressively strained PEA2PbI4 layer is proposed to compensate the internal tensile strain and stabilize the 2D/3D heterostructure. Moreover, a small amount of PEA+ diffusing into the grain boundaries of 3D perovskite forms 2D perovskite and passivates the defects there. Combining the effects of strain compensation and diffusion passivation, the stabilized 2D/3D perovskite solar cells deliver a reproducible and robust laboratory power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.31% for the p‐i‐n type devices, along with a high VOC of 1.18 V. A certified PCE of 20.22% is confirmed by an independent national metrology institute.
Amorphous/Crystalline Heterostructured Cobalt‐Vanadium‐Iron (Oxy)hydroxides for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kuang Min , Zhang Junming , Liu Daobin , Tan Huiteng , Dinh Khang Ngoc , Yang Lan , Ren Hao , Huang Wenjing , Fang Wei , Yao Jiandong , Hao Xiaodong , Xu Jianwei , Liu Chuntai , Song Li , Liu Bin , Yan Qingyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key process involved in energy and environment‐related technologies. An ideal OER electrocatalyst should show high exposure of active sites and optimal adsorption energies of oxygenated species. However, earth‐abundant transition‐metal‐based OER electrocatalysts still operate with sluggish OER kinetics. Here, a cation‐exchange route is reported to fabricate cobalt‐vanadium‐iron (oxy)hydroxide (CoV‐Fe0.28) nanosheets with tunable binding energies for the oxygenated intermediates. The formation of an amorphous/crystalline heterostructure in the CoV‐Fe0.28 catalyst boosts the exposure of active sites compared to their crystalline and amorphous counterparts. Furthermore, the synergetic interaction of Co, V, and Fe cations in the CoV‐Fe0.28 catalyst subtly regulates the local coordination environment and electronic structure, resulting in the optimal thermodynamic barrier for this elementary reaction step. As a result, the CoV‐Fe0.28 catalyst exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity toward the OER. A low overpotential of 215 mV is required to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 39.1 mV dec−1, which outperforms commercial RuO2 (321 mV and 86.2 mV dec−1, respectively).