bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BLACK FATIGUE: RACISM, ORGANIZATIONS, AND THE ROLE OF FUTURE LEADERSHIP
Authors: Winters Mary‐Frances 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines the effects of racism on individuals, organizations (especially corporations), and society. A central point is the concept of “Black Fatigue”: “Black people have been marching, protesting, resisting, writing, orating, praying, legislating, and commentating for centuries for equity and justice, and—young and old—we are fatigued. It is physically, mentally, and emotionally draining to continue to experience inequities and even atrocities day after day when justice, equity, and fairness are purportedly legislated rights of all citizens of the United States of America.” The article also notes the “fatigue that comes from the pain and anguish of living with racism every single day of your life. It is about being fatigued by those who are surprised and express outrage (with no action) that such inequities still exist. It is about the constant fatigue of not knowing whether you or a loved one will come home alive. It is about enduring the ravages of intergenerational racism.” Companies must get involved in social justice to change systems. This includes supporting efforts for reform of the criminal justice system, reforming police departments, partnering with lower income public schools, and lobbying for need‐based K‐12 school funding.
A novel genetic variant associated with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo within the LOXL1
Authors: Deng Mingzhu , Liu Chen , Jiang Weiqing , Wang Fei , Zhou Juan , Wang Dong , Wang Yonggang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common, self‐limited, and favorable prognostic peripheral vestibular disorder. BPPV is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, but most cases occur sporadically. Little research has been reported regarding the mutation spectrum of sporadic BPPV in a large cohort. This study attempted to identify the causative candidate variants associated with BPPV in VDR, LOXL1, and LOXL1‐AS1.MethodsAn amplicon‐targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) method for VDR, LOXL1, and LOXL1‐AS1, was completed in 726 BPPV patients and 502 normal controls. A total of 30 variants (20 variants from VDR, nine variants from LOXL1, seven variants from LOXL1‐AS1) were identified in these two groups.ResultsThree of 30 variants were nonsynonymous mutations, but no significant difference was found between the BPPV group and the control group via association analysis. A single nucleotide variant (SNV), rs1078967, was identified that is located in intron 1 of LOXL1. The allelic frequency distribution differed significantly between the BPPV group and the control group (p = 0.002). Genotypic frequency was also significantly different (p = 0.006), as determined by gene‐based analyses.ConclusionThis report is the first to analyze the variant spectrum of BPPV in a large Chinese population.
A theoretical design of ultra‐wideband multisection Wilkinson power divider using Euler polynomials
Authors: Kasar Ömer , Kahriman Mesud 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhen the broadband impedance matching techniques are applied to the Wilkinson power divider, it operates in a larger frequency range and covers many communication bands. In this study, an ultra‐wideband (UWB) multisection Wilkinson power divider (WPD) circuit has been designed. Euler method has applied to the circuit that had equal power dividing feature on its two output ways. In the three‐section of the WPD, the Euler function has been modeled as a reflection coefficient on the output branches. The Euler polynomials have been used to calculate the characteristic impedance of each section. The isolation resistors have been calculated by odd‐even mode analysis according to the line impedances. In the Euler WPD, center frequency was 2.45 GHz and the limits for the return loss and isolation was selected as 15 dB and 20 dB, respectively. The bandwidth was measured as 0.75 to 3.80 GHz. The percent bandwidth of the WPD was calculated as 124.5%. Along the operation band interval, the minimum insertion loss measured lower than 0.75 dB. The design has been compared with a quarter wave (QW) WPD. It has been shown that the Euler method can achieve higher bandwidth, lower return loss and better Isolation than the conventional WPD.
High confinement electrically pumped metal‐insulator‐metal waveguide structures
Authors: Foroozandeh Farhad , Hill Martin T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMetal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) waveguide structures which propagate a plasmon gap like mode and also provide pathways for electrical pumping are proposed and investigated via simulations. Semiconductor pathways connect electrical contacts which are spatially separated from the waveguide mode to the gain medium, allowing electrically pumped amplification in the waveguide. Previously realized electrically pumped MIM waveguides have limitations for small device sizes, and other proposed waveguides rely on difficult to control wet etching to form the waveguide core. However, the structures proposed here allow the waveguide core to be precisely defined by lithography and dry etching. Furthermore, the active semiconductor surfaces are exposed in the early stages of the fabrication process, allowing good passivation. It is shown that the proposed structures have optical confinement and losses comparable to previous architectures.
Treatment patterns and costs among patients with OAB treated with combination oral therapy, sacral nerve stimulation, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, or onabotulinumtoxinA in the United States
Authors: Kraus Stephen R. , Shiozawa Aki , Szabo Shelagh M. , Qian Christina , Rogula Basia , Hairston John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionTreatment patterns and costs were characterized among patients with overactive bladder (OAB) receiving later‐line target therapies (combination mirabegron/antimuscarinic, sacral nerve stimulation [SNS], percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation [PTNS], or onabotulinumtoxinA).MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study using 2013 to 2017 MarketScan databases, two partially overlapping cohorts of adults with OAB (“IPT cohort”: patients with incident OAB pharmacotherapy use; “ITT cohort,” incident target therapy) with continuous enrollment were identified; first use was index. Demographic characteristics, treatment patterns and costs over the 24‐month follow‐up period were summarized. Crude mean (standard deviation [SD]) OAB‐specific (assessed by OAB diagnostic code or pharmaceutical dispensation record) costs were estimated according to target therapy.ResultsThe IPT cohort comprised 54 066 individuals (mean [SD] age 58.5 [15.0] years; 76% female), the ITT cohort, 1662 individuals (mean [SD] age 62.8 [14.9] years; 83% female). Seventeen percent of the IPT cohort were treated with subsequent line(s) of therapy after index therapy; among those, 73% received antimuscarinics, 23% mirabegron, and 1.4% a target therapy. For the ITT cohort, 32% were initially treated with SNS, 27% with onabotulinumtoxinA, 26% with combination mirabegron/antimuscarinic, and 15% with PTNS. Subsequently, one‐third of this cohort received additional therapies. Mean (SD) costs were lowest among patients receiving index therapy PTNS ($6959 [$7533]) and highest for SNS ($29 702 [$26 802]).ConclusionsCosts for SNS over 24 months are substantially higher than other treatments. A treatment patterns analysis indicates that oral therapies predominate; first‐line combination therapy is common in the ITT cohort and uptake of oral therapy after procedural options is substantial.
A peridynamic Reissner‐Mindlin shell theory
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Shaofan , Zhang A‐Man , Peng Yuxiang , Yan Jiale 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this work, we have developed a state‐based peridynamics theory for nonlinear Reissener‐Mindlin shells to model and predict large deformation of shell structures with thick wall. The nonlocal peridynamic theory of solids offers an integral formulation that is an alternative to traditional local continuum mechanics models based on partial differential equations. This formulation is applicable for solving the material failure problems involved in discontinuous displacement fields. The governing equations of the state‐based peridynamic shell theory are derived based on the nonlocal balance laws by adopting the kinematic assumption of the Reissner and Mindlin plate and shell theories. In the numerical calculations, the stress points are employed to ensure the numerical stability. Several numerical examples are conducted to validate the nonlocal structure mechanics model and to verify the accuracy as well as the convergence of the proposed shell theory.
Recruitment of women veterans into suicide prevention research: Improving response rates with enhanced recruitment materials and multiple survey modalities
Authors: Gaeddert Laurel A. , Schneider Alexandra L. , Miller Christin N. , Monteith Lindsey L. , Brenner Lisa A. , Katon Jodie , Hoffmire Claire A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWomen veterans (WV) are the fastest growing veteran subpopulation and recognized to be at increased risk for suicide compared with civilians. Improving engagement (e.g., response rates) of WV in survey research is critical to ensuring valid and generalizable findings, which can inform suicide prevention programs tailored for this population. Many factors are known to influence response rates, yet little is known about ways to optimize survey response rates among WV. Three recruitment cohorts (Waves 1 [W1], 2a [W2a], and 2b [W2b]) of WV were invited to participate in an online survey for a national, mixed‐methods study examining suicide risk among WV using reproductive health care services paid for or provided by the Veterans Health Administration. To examine the effects of enhanced recruitment efforts, standard recruitment materials were mailed to all three cohorts, with the additions of: a study flyer aiming to build trust between participants and researchers (W2a, W2b) and a paper survey (W2b). Characteristics of responders and non‐responders were compared by wave and across survey modalities. Response rates were significantly higher for groups receiving enhanced (W2a = 17.1%; W2b = 24.6%) versus standard (W1 = 12.2%) recruitment materials. WV residing in rural areas were significantly more likely to respond by paper (37.1%) than online (19.8%). Non‐respondents were disproportionately racial and ethnic minorities. Disclosure of sensitive information (e.g., military sexual trauma) did not differ by survey modality. Findings suggest that enhanced recruitment materials improve survey response rates among WV, an important consideration for future research with this population.
Care experiences that foster trust between parents and physicians of children with cancer
Authors: Mack Jennifer W. , Kang Tammy I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrust is a core aspect of the patient‐physician relationship, especially in cancer care. We sought to examine parents’ experiences with trust over the first year after a child's cancer diagnosis.ProcedureWe conducted a prospective, questionnaire‐based longitudinal cohort study of parents and physicians of children with cancer at two academic pediatric hospitals. We evaluated trust among 166 parents of children with cancer over the first year after diagnosis. Surveys were administered after diagnosis, at 4 months, and at 12 months after diagnosis.ResultsSeventy‐one percent of parents trusted the child's oncologist “completely” at baseline, as did 79% at 4 months and 77% at 12 months. At baseline, high‐quality physician communication (OR 4.11 [1.78‐9.51], P = .001) and information (OR 2.82 [1.29‐6.16], P = .01) were associated with trust, after adjustment for parent gender, race/ethnicity, and education. Parents were less likely to trust the physician completely at 12 months if the child had experienced cancer relapse or progression (OR 0.28 [0.10‐0.81], P = .02). In a mixed linear model adjusted for parent gender, race/ethnicity, education, and clustering by physician, trust was associated with high‐quality communication (OR 3.40 [1.61‐7.20], P = .001) and receipt of high‐quality information (OR 2.48 [1.18‐5.21], P = .02), and inversely associated with relapse or progression (OR 0.39 [0.17‐0.92], P = 0.03); trust increased over time (P < .0001).ConclusionsMost parents form trusting relationships with their children's oncologists. Physicians can foster trust through patient‐centered communication and provision of high‐quality information about a child's cancer. Poor outcomes such as relapse are a threat to trust.
Radiation therapy and molecular‐targeted agents in preclinical testing for immunotherapy, brain tumors, and sarcomas: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Vatner Ralph , James Charles D. , Sathiaseelan Vythialingam , Bondra Kathryn M. , Kalapurakal John A. , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite radiation therapy (RT) being an integral part of the treatment of most pediatric cancers and the recent discovery of novel molecular‐targeted agents (MTAs) in this era of precision medicine with the potential to improve the therapeutic ratio of modern chemoradiotherapy regimens, there are only a few preclinical trials being conducted to discover novel radiosensitizers and radioprotectors. This has resulted in a paucity of translational clinical trials combining RT and novel MTAs. This report describes the opportunities and challenges of investigating RT together with MTAs in preclinical testing for immunotherapy, brain tumors, and sarcomas in pediatric oncology. We discuss the need for improving the collaboration between radiation oncologists, biologists, and physicists to improve the reliability, reproducibility, and translational potential of RT‐based preclinical research. Current translational clinical trials using RT and MTAs for immunotherapy, brain tumors, and sarcomas are described. The technologic advances in experimental RT, availability of novel experimental tumor models, advances in immunology and tumor biology, and the discovery of novel MTAs together hold considerable promise for good quality preclinical and clinical multimodality research to improve the current rates of survival and toxicity in children afflicted with cancer.
A model for in situ plan of care for a critically unstable pediatric patient following I‐131 MIBG infusion
Authors: Flori Heidi Rosanna , Mwenesi Rama , Scott Annette , Conrad Christina Marie , Quinn Justin Andrew , Ostwani Waseem , Fischer Karl William , Yanik Gregory Anthony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent clinical trials have moved iodine‐131 (I‐131) metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy into frontline management of high‐risk neuroblastoma. With this expansion, it is reasonable to anticipate the need for intensive care level resuscitations. Radiation exposure remains the greatest risk to health care professionals managing these patients. We combined shock simulation scenario data with actual radiation dosimetry data to create a care model allowing for aggressive, prolonged in situ resuscitation of a critically ill pediatric patient after I‐131 MIBG administration. This model will maintain a critical care provider's radiation level below 10% of the annual occupational dose limit (5 mSv, 500 mrem) per patient managed.
The role of twinning in sustainable care for children with cancer: A TIPPing point? SIOP PODC Working Group on Twinning, Collaboration, and Support
Authors: Kanwar Vikramjit S. , Schwartz Kevin R. , Salifu Nihad , Abdelfattah Ahmed M. , Anim Bernard , Cayrol Julie , Sniderman Elizabeth , Eden Tim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer, there is renewed interest in sustainable interventions to improve childhood cancer care in low‐/middle‐income countries (LMICs). Practitioners in LMICs have traditionally practiced “twinning,” i.e., targeted international pediatric oncology partnerships (TIPPs) between one or more institutions in a high‐income country (HIC) and an LMIC, to improve care for children with cancer in the latter. The International Society of Paediatric Oncology Committee for Paediatric Oncology in Developing Countries Working Group on Twinning, Collaboration, and Support reviewed guidelines from https://cancerpointe.com and the current literature, gathered input from practitioners in LMICs, and in this article discuss the role of TIPPs in the WHO initiative.
Preoperative 3D reconstruction images for paediatric tumours: Advantages and drawbacks
Authors: Irtan Sabine , Hervieux Erik , Boutroux Hélène , Becmeur François , Ducou‐le‐Pointe Hubert , Leverger Guy , Audry Georges 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRationaleThree‐dimensional reconstruction (3DR) of preoperative images may improve the presurgical assessment of tumours prior to removal. We aimed to analyse the advantages and discrepancies of preoperative 3DR in paediatric tumours.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study from 2016 to 2019, including patients with thoraco‐abdominal tumours having predictable surgical risks on preoperative images (encasement of vessels posing vascular risks, ie, neuroblastic and soft tissue tumours or parenchyma preservation of the invaded organ, ie, liver and kidney). A comparison of 2D/3DR and surgical findings was performed.ResultsTwenty‐four patients, with a median age at surgery of 68.2 months (13 days‐203 months), were operated on for neuroblastoma (n = 7), renal tumour (n = 7), hepatic tumour (n = 4) and others (n = 6; bone sarcoma of the iliac branch, abdominal lymph nodes of a recurrent testicular germ cell tumour, pseudoinflammatory tumour of the omentum, thoracic lipoblastoma, desmoplastic tumour, solid and pseudopapillar tumour of the pancreas). Reconstruction was of poor quality in two patients with renal tumours because computed tomography (CT) had no excretory phase. Discrepancies between 3DR and surgical findings occurred in two patients, one because of poor assessment of caliceal infiltration by renal nodules and the other because of inadequate reconstruction of renal vein thrombosis. For all the other tumours, 3DR improved the visualisation and precise location of vessels during surgery.ConclusionHigh‐quality preoperative images are mandatory to provide the best 3DR. In the majority of cases, 3DR is of significant help during surgery to better identify vascular structures within tumours and preserve parenchyma.
Development of masterbatch for composites using bamboo charcoal powders in poly(lactic) acid
Authors: Srisuk Rapeeporn , Techawinyutham Laongdaw , Mavinkere Rangappa Sanjay , Siengchin Suchart , Dangtungee Rapeephun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop polymer composite masterbatches by using poly(lactic) acid as a carrier resin and bamboo charcoal particle as a natural pigment. Moreover, antioxidant and dispersing agent were added to the masterbatches where the antioxidant improves thermal and ultraviolent stability of pigment masterbatches while dispersing agent enhances the distribution and dispersion of bamboo charcoal particles in the polymer matrix. The natural pigment masterbatches were diluted in the poly(lactic) acid matrix. The morphology, thermal property, and rheological properties of bamboo charcoal particles/poly(lactic) acid composites comparing before and after weathering tests are studied. It was concluded that natural pigment charcoal masterbatches can make good bamboo charcoal particles/poly(lactic) acid composites for high‐temperature food packaging applications.
Insights into the polymerization kinetics of thermoresponsive polytrimethylene carbonate bearing a methoxyethoxy side group
Authors: Brissenden Amanda J. , Amsden Brian G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ring‐opening polymerization kinetics of 5‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)‐ethoxymethyl]‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxa‐2‐one (TMOE‐2) and 5‐[2‐{2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyoxy}‐ethoxymethyl]‐5‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxa‐2‐one (TMOE‐3) was investigated using different catalysts with the aim to improve control over molecular weight. The possibility of monomer impurities driving the variability in molecular weight that has been seen in different reports, was assessed and evidence of catalysis via an imidazole impurity was found. The catalysts 1,5,7‐triazobicyclo(4.4.0)dec‐5‐ene (TBD), hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether (HCl·Et2O), stannous 2‐ethylhexanoate (SnOct2), and catalyst free thermal polymerizations were conducted to understand the mechanisms influencing the molecular weight. TBD and HCl·Et2O consistently achieved high conversion of the monomer; however, molecular weights greater than 7,000 Da could not be achieved due to competing side reactions. SnOct2 catalyzed and catalyst free thermal polymerizations were highly influenced by monomer purity and achieved lower conversion than TBD and HCl·Et2O. Understanding these mechanisms will guide future synthesis of poly(TMOE‐2) and poly(TMOE‐3) for biomedical applications.
Automatic oxygen flow titration in spontaneously breathing children: An open‐label randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Roué Jean‐Michel , Delpeut Juliette , d‘Hennezel Alix , Tierrie Tess , Barzic Audrey , L'Her Erwan , Cros Pierrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionWhen children require supplemental oxygen due to acute hypoxemic respiratory distress (AHRD), manual control of the oxygen flow is often difficult and time‐consuming, and carries the risk of unrecognized hypoxia and hyperoxia. To date, no automatic oxygen titration system has been developed and evaluated in spontaneously breathing children.MethodsChildren between 1 month and 15 years of age receiving supplemental oxygen due to AHRD were recruited within 24 hours following the onset of the O2 administration in a French University Department of Paediatrics. Patients were randomized to receive either automated oxygen administration using the FreeO2 device, or conventional manual oxygen administration over a maximum period of 6 hours. Stratification was performed to classify the patients into two age groups: 1 month to 2 years of age and 2 to 15 years of age. The primary outcome was % time spent within the SpO2 target range (92%‐98%).Results60 patients (30 infants, 30 children) were randomized and 55 could be analyzed for the primary outcome (28 automated, 27 manual). The automated O2 delivery using the FreeO2 device significantly increased the time spent within the predefined SpO2 range (94.6% ± 6% vs 76.3% ± 22%, difference [95% confidence interval {CI}] 18.4 [10.1; 26.7]) with less time spent with hypoxemia (1% ± 1.1% vs 15.1% ± 21.8%, difference [95% CI] −14.4 [−22.2; −6.7]). This difference was greater among (2‐15 years of age) children, compared to (1 month‐2 years of age) infants.ConclusionsThe present randomized controlled pilot study indicates that the tested automated closed‐loop O2 titration technology was safe and yielded improved oxygen parameters among spontaneously breathing children. Based on our pilot data, a full randomized controlled trial will be required to verify the potential clinical benefits.
An additive Chen‐Weibull distribution and its applications in reliability modeling
Authors: Thanh Thach Tien , Briš Radim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a new lifetime distribution with increasing and bathtub‐shaped failure rates. Some statistical properties of the proposed distribution are studied. We use the method of maximum likelihood for estimating the model parameters and reliability characteristics and discuss the interval estimates using asymptotic confidence intervals and bootstrap confidence intervals on one hand, and we provide Bayes estimators and highest posterior density intervals for the parameters via Hamiltonian Monte Carlo simulation method on the other hand. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed distribution by fitting two reliability data sets well‐known from references.