bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alopecia Areata Treatment: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Jolkovsky Eliana L. , Goldberg David J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlopecia Areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder resulting in non‐scarring hair loss on the scalp, face, and body. AA research has experienced significant advancements within the last century with the discoveries of the autoimmune nature of the disorder and the role of genetic and psychosocial factors. This review provides a comprehensive dive into the history and evolution of AA management with a focus on the recently FDA‐approved JAK inhibitors baricitinib, ritlecitinib, and deuruxolitinib, and sheds light on emerging therapies.MethodsA search was conducted on PubMed to investigate literature on the history of AA treatment, current AA treatment with a focus on therapy with JAK inhibitors, and the future directions of AA treatment.ResultsCaustic topical agents were used as the main AA therapy until recent decades. The last century saw significant advancements in understanding the etiology of AA as autoimmune, genetic, and psychosocial, influencing the directions of treatment research. In recent years, JAK inhibitors were found to be an effective, systemic AA treatment. Non‐systemic AA therapies such as corticosteroid injections, topical minoxidil, contact immunotherapy, and red‐laser light therapy remain effective treatments. JAK inhibitors continue to be the focus of AA treatment research, although other targets and new treatment modalities are being studied.ConclusionThe treatment of AA has undergone significant advances within recent years, especially with the application of JAK inhibitors as systemic therapy. Future research should investigate the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy, gene therapy, and energy‐assisted drug delivery (LEADD) for AA.
Examining A Light in the Tower: A New Reckoning with Mental Health in Higher Education
Authors: Boon Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Mental health is a somewhat taboo topic in academia. As Katie Rose Guest Pryal, a bipolar and autistic author and academic, writes in her new book A Light in the Tower: A New Reckoning with Mental Health in Higher Education (available now from University Press of Kansas), “Based on the logic of academia, if my brain is wrong, then everything about me is wrong.” She argues that mental disability is stigmatized in higher education and pushed into the shadows and that the key solution to the mental disability crisis — Pryal's preferred terminology — is to increase accessibility overall rather than just provide accommodations for faculty and students. This can decrease the stigma around their illnesses.
Sacubitril/valsartan preserves regional cardiac function following myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Nordén Einar Sjaastad , Bendiksen Bård Andre , Bergo Kaja Knudsen , Espe Emil Knut Stenersen , McGinley Gary , Hasic Almira , Hauge‐Iversen Ida Marie , Ugland Hege Katrin , Shen Xin , Frisk Michael , Mabotuwana Nishani S. , Louch William E. , Hussain Rizwan I. , Zhang Lili , Sjaastad Ivar , Cataliotti Alessandro , Christensen Geir 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsSacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) is used for treatment of heart failure. The effect of Sac/Val on regional dysfunction following myocardial infarction (MI) remains uncertain. This study aimed at understanding the effects of Sac/Val on regional function after MI.Methods and resultsMI or sham surgery was performed in Sprague–Dawley rats. Animals were randomized to treatment with Sac/Val, valsartan (Val) or vehicle (Veh). Magnetic resonance imaging was used to acquire left ventricular volumes and strain. Left ventricular tissue was obtained for wesern blotting, PCR and Masson's trichrome staining. Isolated cardiac fibroblasts were cultured with Veh, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), adrenomedullin (ADM) and sacubitrilat, and collagen expression assessed with droplet digital PCR.ResultsSac/Val reduced ventricular end‐diastolic volume by 18% compared with Veh, and preserved circumferential systolic strain in the zone proximal to infarction compared with sham after 42 days of treatment (peak strain ± SEM: sham: −0.19 ± 0.01%; Sac/Val: −0.14 ± 0.02%; Val: −0.10 ± 0.02%; Veh: −0.10 ± 0.02%). Masson's trichrome staining demonstrated lower fibrotic deposition in the intermediate zone with Sac/Val treatment than Veh (sham: 2.29 ± 0.17%; Sac/Val: 2.31 ± 0.27%; Val: 3.22 ± 0.60%; Veh: 4.14 ± 0.48%). The amounts of the pro‐apoptotic caspase 3 cleavage fragments p19/17 were 89% higher in Val than sham, with Sac/Val showing no significant increase compared with sham. Collagen expression in human fibroblast culture was lower in cells co‐treated with sacubitrilat and ANP, an effect not observed with sacubitrilat/ADM co‐treatment.ConclusionsSac/Val preserves in vivo myocardial function in the region most proximal to MI in rats and reduces left ventricular dilatation. These effects may be related to a reduction in both fibrosis and pro‐apoptotic signalling.
Innovative Diversity Metrics in Hierarchical Population‐Based Differential Evolution for PEM Fuel Cell Parameter Optimization
Authors: Khishe Mohammad , Jangir Pradeep , Arpita  , Agrawal Sunilkumar P. , Pandya Sundaram B. , Parmar Anil , Abualigah Laith 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe optimization of parameters in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) models is essential for enhancing the design and control of fuel cells and is currently a vibrant area of research. This involves a complex, nonlinear, and multivariable numerical optimization challenge. Recently, various metaheuristic approaches have been applied to efficiently identify optimal configurations for PEMFC models, capable of exploring a broad search space to locate ideal solutions promptly. In this study, the recently developed hierarchical population‐based differential evolution (HPDE) was employed for parameter optimization of PEMFCs due to its robustness and demonstrated superiority over other optimization algorithms. This research tested the proposed optimization algorithm by identifying parameters for 12 distinct PEMFCs, including BCS 500 W PEMFC, Nedstack 600 W PS6 PEMFC, SR‐12500 W PEMFC, H‐12 PEMFC, STD 250 W PEMFC, and HORIZON 500 W PEMFC, four variants of 250 W PEMFC, and two variants of H‐12 12 W PEMFC. The performance of HPDE was also benchmarked against other advanced evolutionary algorithms (EAs), such as E‐QUATRE, iLSHADE, CRADE, L‐SHADE, jSO, HARD‐DE, LSHADE‐cnEpSin, DE, and PCM‐DE. Despite its simplicity, the results reveal that HPDE can precisely and swiftly extract the parameters of PEMFC models. Furthermore, the voltage–current (V–I), power‐current (P–I), and error characteristics derived from the HPDE algorithm consistently align with both simulated and experimental data across all seven models of PEMFCs. Additionally, HPDE has shown to outperform various versions of DE algorithms, providing superior results.
Studies on Cyclic Tests of Assembly CFST Composite Frames With BRB
Authors: Wang Bo , Jiang Wenlong , Wang Jingfeng , Li Beibei , Zhao Chunfeng , Liu Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCFST (concrete‐filled steel tube) combines the advantages of steel and concrete, and has multiple advantages such as high bearing capacity, good ductility and excellent seismic performance. BRB (buckling‐restrained brace) effectively enhances the seismic performance of buildings by providing excellent energy dissipation capacity and ductility. In order to study the failure mechanism and seismic performance of prefabricated CFST composite frames with BRBs, two specimens were tested under cyclic loading. The test parameters included the column cross‐section type and the end plate type. In this study, the failure mode, hysteretic curve, strength degradation, stiffness degradation, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the structure are analyzed in detail. The test result showed that the assembly CFST composite frame with BRBs improves structural response and can be used in cooperative work. Finally, the concrete filled steel tube composite frame with BRB was analyzed using OpenSees software. It showed good safety and can be applied and popularized in high‐rise composite structure buildings. The results showed that the numerical model is in good agreement with the experimental results, and the error is less than 13%. They exhibited good safety, so that they can be applied and promoted in high‐rise composite structure buildings.
Transient Characteristics and Operation Regulation of Grid‐Connected Variable Speed Pumped Storage‐Wind‐Solar Hybrid Power System
Authors: Li Yanhao , Song Fanchao , Guo Wencheng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the transient characteristics and operation regulation of grid‐connected variable speed pumped storage (VSPS)‐wind‐solar hybrid power system (HPS). Firstly, the model of grid‐connected VSPS‐wind‐solar HPS is established. Secondly, based on a calculating example, the transient characteristics of grid‐connected VSPS‐wind‐solar HPS are analyzed by using numerical simulation. Then, the effects of grid parameters and capacity ratios on transient characteristics of the grid‐connected VSPS‐wind‐solar HPS are revealed. Finally, the regulation of governor and frequency converter for the grid‐connected VSPS‐wind‐solar HPS is illuminated. The results indicate that the influence of wind speed disturbance and light intensity disturbance on the whole grid‐connected VSPS‐wind‐solar HPS can be effectively reduced by using the pitch angle controller and VSPS unit, and the overshoot of power grid frequency does not exceed 0.1%, and the adjustment time does not exceed 4.36 s. Compared to the isolated VSPS power station, the regulation quality of the transient characteristics of grid‐connected VSPS power station is worse. The coupling effect between the wind power station and power grid is weak. The increase of the capacity ratios of VSPS power station and wind power station has both advantages and disadvantages for the transient process of rotational speed of pump‐turbine. The increase of the capacity ratio of solar power station is disadvantageous for the transient process of rotational speed of pump‐turbine. The regulation effect of the control link PI‐1 plays a dominant role in the frequency converter. The effect of the parameters for the control links of frequency converter on the regulation quality of grid‐connected VSPS‐wind‐solar HPS is weaker than that of governor.
Restoring streams with large wood: An analysis of geomorphic changes 7 years post‐restoration in small coastal streams
Authors: Maffia Madelyn M. , Segura Catalina , Lorion Christopher M. , Suring Erik , Warren Dana R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroducing large wood (LW) into streams for restoration purposes is a common practice, as it creates habitat through processes like scouring, deposition and sediment sorting. However, while monitoring often focuses on short‐term (<3 years) or long‐term (>10 years) changes in habitat features, there is a lack of understanding regarding annual geomorphic changes over relatively long periods. In this study, we investigated annual geomorphic adjustments (channel geometry and substrate size) over 7 years in three tributaries of the Mill Creek watershed (Oregon, USA). The 7‐year period included moderate to high flows, with peak annual flow exceeding bankfull flow (Qbf) 2–5 times and flows being above half Qbf on average 4–20 days per year. Data included topographic surveys and surface pebble counts collected from 2014 (1 year before LW) to 2021 (6 years after LW). We quantified scour and deposition and estimated sediment grain sizes and sorting from topographic surveys and pebble counts. Our analysis revealed that stream size influenced geomorphic adjustment, with smaller streams experiencing more scouring compared with larger streams over the 6 years. LW structures promoted increased scouring at the cross‐section scale, with a strong relationship found between volumetric blockage ratio and scour. In our case, the most significant scouring changes were associated with volumetric blockage ratios between 35% and 50%; further research is needed to investigate scouring for higher blockage ratios. Instream changes in scour and deposition peaked around 3–4 years after LW introductions but persisted until the end of the monitoring period. Sediment size dynamics were influenced more by time since restoration than by proximity to LW jams. While LW introductions increased sediment sorting into patches, the degree of sorting declined 5–6 years post‐restoration at all sites. Our findings offer insights into the long‐term persistence and magnitude of instream changes associated with LW introductions.
Innovative Video Anomaly Detection: TCN‐AnoDetect With Self‐Supervised Feature Learning
Authors: Rahul Chiranjeevi V. , Malathi D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVideo anomaly detection is a critical task in surveillance, industrial quality control, and anomaly monitoring systems. Recognizing anomalous events or behaviors within video sequences is challenging due to the diverse and often vague nature of anomalies. A novel temporal convolutional network‐based anomaly detection (TCN‐AnoDetect) is proposed that leverages TCNs and self‐supervised learning. In this, TCNs are employed to model the temporal context within video sequences effectively, capturing short and long‐term dependencies. The algorithm integrates TCNs with pretrained models to encode rich spatiotemporal features. The core of TCN‐AnoDetect lies in self‐supervised feature learning, where a neural network is pretrained on unlabeled video data to capture high‐level spatiotemporal features. The anomaly detection module combines reconstruction‐based and temporal context–aware approaches, using reconstruction errors and temporal context deviations for anomaly scoring and classification. To enhance model robustness, TCN‐AnoDetect incorporates domain adaptation technique to handle domain shifts and evolving anomalies. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on three different benchmark datasets and ShanghaiTech Campus, demonstrating its superior performance. The extensive experiments performed in terms of different evaluation measures show the efficiency of the TCN‐AnoDetect algorithm. The TCN‐AnoDetect, an innovative approach, thereby provides promising solutions in video anomaly detection and in various applications.
A Trihybrid Approach for Enhancing Crude Oil Recovery Using Effervescent‐Tablet‐Based Nanofluids
Authors: Ali Naser , Bahzad Husain , Aljuwayhel Nawaf F. , Ebrahim Shikha A. , Hamoud Abbas T. , Al‐Mazidi Hussain , Al‐Naser Huda B. , Al‐Attar Mohammad A. , Kholosy Sohaib , Al‐Zanki Ayas , Banyan Mohammad , Alenezi Mumayaz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhile nanofluids can contribute enormously to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the upstream sector, conventional nanofluids are produced using complex equipment and expertise, which is somewhat limiting. To address this issue, herein, the use of effervescent‐tablet‐based nanofluids for EOR is reported. Tablets are formed by mixing and consolidating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, surfactants, and effervescent agents. Both tablet‐based and conventional nanofluids are produced and then characterized for their thermal conductivities and dispersion stabilities. Thirteen recovery scenarios are investigated using a core flooding system, and include the use of single conventional fluids, steam and hot water cycles, steam with effervescent‐tablet‐based nanofluids, and steam with conventional nanofluids. Conventional or effervescent‐tablet‐based nanofluids are revealed to double the amount of extracted oil compared with other methods used in the recovery process. Tablet‐ and conventional‐nanofluid‐based recovery cycles provide 42.70% and 42.56% recovered oil, respectively, whereas conventional fluids and their cycles only extract 16.10% and 17.76%, respectively. The concentration and stability of the dispersed nanomaterial significantly affect the amount, properties, and composition of the recovered oil. Employing nanofluids composed of highly concentrated effervescent agents results in more short‐chain hydrocarbons, which indicates that effervescent‐tablet‐based nanofluids are promising for EOR use, particularly because no infrastructure modifications are required.
Soil organic carbon increase on conversion of native savanna to improved pasture in two regions of Colombia
Authors: Loaiza Sandra , Costa Ciniro , da Silva Mayesse A. , Chirinda Ngonidzashe , Rao Idupulapati , Arango Jacobo , Tapasco Jeimar , Hyman Glenn 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited knowledge on how to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under tropical conditions. This study investigates SOC changes after converting land from native savanna (NS) to improved pasture (IP) land use.MethodsTwo acidic soil conversion sites were examined: (i) a poorly drained slope with medium‐texture soil (Casanare [CAS]1) and (ii) flat terrain with fine‐texture soil (CAS2). Another flat site was evaluated (Atlántico [ATL]), with fine‐textured to moderately textured neutral soil. Soil samples were collected and analyzed. SOC stocks (0–60 cm soil depth) were estimated, with a complex analysis of variance analyzing pasture type and soil depth.ResultsNS to IP conversion resulted in significant SOC accumulation in two regions, with losses in one (CAS2). ATL showed higher SOC accumulation than CAS. IP adoption led to SOC accumulation at depth (0–60 cm) after 10 years in CAS1. Elevated clay content in CAS2 favored SOC storage, while poorly drained areas hindered accumulation in CAS1. Cultivating rice before IP at CAS2 likely depleted SOC (0–20 cm), with 4 years of IP not restoring initial levels.ConclusionsAdopting IP over NS can increase SOC. Grassland type, soil properties, and land‐use change all influence SOC accumulation. These data inform sustainable land management for low‐emission livestock production.
Supporting equitable cervical cancer elimination for Australia's culturally and linguistically diverse communities: A call for intersectoral action
Authors: Prokopovich Kathleen , Beard Frank , Buchanan Tanya , Stanoevska Biljana , Scott Caroline , Braunack‐Mayer Annette , Phillipson Lyn 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCervical cancer is a preventable disease and is related to persistent health equities. Whilst several priority populations face health inequities related to cervical cancer prevention, my co‐authors and I bring special attention to those who identify as culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD). By reflecting on some of our research and work experiences, we propose four ways that governments and policymakers can enact the community engagement goals of the published and proposed cervical cancer prevention and treatment strategies for CALD communities. This includes: (1) Developing a culturally appropriate approach to collecting and interpreting cultural, ethnic and linguistic data; (2) Building and adapting the effective multicultural community policies and partnerships developed during COVID‐19; (3) Incorporating national strategy recommendations across all relevant government policies and (4) Sustainably resourcing and supporting participatory health promotion activities and interventions. By implementing the recommendations above, Australia will continue to lead the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem. It will demonstrate how genuine and authentic CALD partnerships and collaborations can reduce national CALD health inequities.
Association of 24‐h movement behaviors during Covid‐19 pandemic with spinal musculoskeletal disorders in undergraduate students: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Santos Gracielle de Jesus , Tebar William Rodrigues , Silva Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da , Alves Eduardo da Silva , Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro , Ohara David 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsMusculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are an important health problem, and the Covid‐19 pandemic affected several lifestyle and health aspects worldwide, including moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB) and sleep time, which compose the 24‐h movement guidelines (24‐hMG). It is unclear whether meeting 24‐hMG during pandemic have been associated with MSD in adult population and this study aimed to analyze the association of meeting 24‐hMG with spinal MSD in undergraduate students during Covid‐19 pandemic.MethodsA sample of 71 undergraduate students were assessed (24.0 ± 6.6 years, 52% of women). MVPA was assessed by accelerometer, while daily time of SB and sleep were assessed by questionnaires. Spinal MSD was assessed by the Nordic questionnaire. Logistic regression models analyzed the association of meeting 24‐hMG (individually and combined) with MSD, independently of age, sex, and body mass index.ResultsSpinal MSD affected 78.9% of sample. Only 11.3% of sample fully met the 24‐hMG. Participants who did not meet both MVPA and SB guidelines were more likely to have MSD in low back (OR:3.45, p = 0.049) and spine (OR:3.78, p = 0.048) even after multiple adjustment. Otherwise, not meeting SB guideline was inversely associated with upper back MSD (OR:0.22, p = 0.012).ConclusionMeeting 24‐hMG during Covid‐19 pandemic were differently associated with spinal MSD, where combination of MVPA and SB shows to be protective against MSD in low back and in spine. However, the determinants of association between meeting SB guideline and higher upper back MSD still needs to be investigated.
Comparison of Analytical and Numerical Methods to Solve Boundary‐Layer Natural Convection Problem for Various Prandtl Number Fluids
Authors: Kushawaha Durgesh , Yadav Sushil , Aggarwal Rajiv 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSemianalytical approaches such as the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) and Variational Iteration Method (VIM), as well as the Numerical Method, are investigated in this study to solve the boundary‐layer natural convection problem for various Prandlt number fluids on a horizontal flat plate. Nonlinear partial differential expressions can be incorporated into the ordinary differential framework by applying appropriate transformations. The purpose of this study is to show how analytical solutions to heat transfer problems are more versatile and broadly applicable. The results of the analytical solutions are compared with numerical solutions, revealing a high level of approximation accuracy. The numerical findings clearly imply that the analytical techniques can produce accurate numerical solutions for nonlinear differential equations. We analyze the temperature distribution, velocity, and flow field under various conditions. The study found that temperature patterns, velocity distribution, and flow dynamics are all improved by raising the Prandtl numbers. As a result, the thickness of the boundary layer is significantly reduced, leading to an enhanced heat transfer rate at the moving surface. This reduction in boundary‐layer thickness contributes to a more efficient convection process. The study further highlights that the HPM and the VIM both offer highly accurate approximations for solving nonlinear differential equations related to boundary‐layer flow and heat transfer. Among these methods, HPM was found to provide a higher level of precision compared with VIM.