bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational analysis for electrical breakdown in air due to streamer discharge in rod-to-plane arrangement
Authors: Abd Alameer Maha F , Khalaf Thamir H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In addition to the theoretical and experimental, the numerical simulation is the third way to study the electrical discharge phenomenon. In this work, a numerical simulation was executed within a rod-to-plane electrodes arrangement to track the streamer discharge between the two electrodes for different rod dimensions and air gap length distances. The simulation results show the path of the streamer channels, and their branches, from the rod to the plane. Also, the electric potential and field distributions were presented as contour plots. The plots show clearly the sites of the streamer initiation and growth and how the distributions were affected by the streamer growth between the two electrodes. The dc applied voltage was variated, and the minimum value that caused the streamer to bridge the air gap and touch the plane was indicated as the breakdown voltage. It was found that, the breakdown voltage increased with the increasing of the air gap length distance, the electric field threshold value, the rod diameter, and less of that with the increasing of the rod lengths.
Numerical Analysis of CW Raman Amplifier in Silicon-on-Insulator Nano-Waveguides
Authors: Khaleefa Z S , Mahdi Sh S , Yaseen S Kh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Numerical analysis of continuous wave (CW) on-off optical Raman gain in Silicon-On-insulator (SOI) nano-waveguides has been investigated. Two types of waveguide structures rib and strip waveguides have been incorporated. The waveguide structures have designed to be 220 nm in height. Three different widths of (350, 450, 1000) nm were studied. At telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm, Raman amplification was calculated to be about 65 dB in rib SOI waveguide. The obtained Raman amplification is the heist reported value at relatively low pump power. High Raman gain amplification in SOI nano-waveguides presents an important step towards integrated on-chip optoelectronic devices.
Diagnosis of copper plasma by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Saadoon N.M. , Hadi N.M. , Sabeeh S. H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper influence of laser energy on the emission spectrum of laser copper-interaction and plasma parameter for plasma Copper by used a first harmonic generated wavelength of Nd:YAG exaction source. The metal plasma that had detection by HR4000 detection system (ocean optics) was use to different excited. plasma temperature via the Boltzmann plot diagram with measuring the electron density number by McWhirter CRITERION. Values of measuring (Ne), (Te) found between (61178776 K°) and (Ne) is (1.77*1015, 2.01*1015 cm−3) at 1064nm.
Structural and Optical properties of CdTe:CuThin Films by Pulsed Laser Deposition technique
Authors: Naeema N , Kudher A , Mohammed Ghuson H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolycrystalline cadimumtelluride : copper composite thin films were deposited on a glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique(PLD).Using Nd:YAG with 1064 nm wavelengthconstant energy 600 mJ, repetition rate (6) Hz and No. of pulse (150) for each sample.The pure of bulk (CdTe) and Mixture of bulk (CdTe:Cu) percentages (x=0.0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7)wt% were prepared. The structural, optical and morphological properties were inspected for the produced thin films.The energy band gap decreasing from 2.4 to 1.7eV with increase of Cu concentration. XRD patterns showed the domination of polycrystalline nature of cubic structure but in adding 0.5, and 0.7% Cu the nature of thin films became amorphous. AFM results demonstrated the increase of particle size from 73.66 nm to 76.67 nm at percentage of 0.5% Cu. The optical properties has been including the study of measuring the spectrum of transmittance, absorbance, Absorption coefficient (α), Optical Energy Gap (Eg), Reflectance (R), Refractive index, Extinction Coefficient, Dielectric Constant and Optical Conductivity (σ) of the wavelength range (320-1100) nm. The results have been show that the films have good transmittance for all films around 60-94% in the visible region and NIR of the spectrum that we can use them as optical windows in solar cells.
Functionalization, characterization, and antibacterial activity of single wall and multi wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mohammed M. K A , Mohammad M. R , Jabir M. S. , Ahmed D. S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The raw-SWNTs and raw-MWNTs were chemically oxidized with a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid under ultrasonic vibration. The functionalized-SWNTs (F-SWNTs) and functionalized-MWNTs (F-MWNTs) were characterized by using ultra violet-visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The antibacterial efficiency of SWNTs and MWNTs towards Escherichia coli (E. coli) as gram-negative bacteria was evaluated via viable count method and fluorescence microscopy. The results of viable count method showed that the SWNTs and MWNTs have higher inhibitory effect after being treated with H2SO4/HNO3.The E. coli images under fluorescence microscopy exhibited that almost red color for dead cells, which confirms the efficient lethal ability of F-SWNTs and F-MWNTs.
Heterojunction Solar cell(NiPcTs/CdS)organic/inorganic
Authors: Hassan A S , Aboode M A , Shallal I H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the present study, thin films of organic semiconductors Nickel PhthalocyanineTetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt (NiPcTs) and inorganic semiconductor (CdS) prepared from the mixing of liquids for thesetwomaterials with different size ratios by the spin coating method on pre-patterned (Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide) FTO coated glass substrates and then the manufacture of solar cells. The properties of solar cells the study through the optical properties (absorption spectra, absorption coefficient, power gap) and electrical characteristics (continuous onductivity, Hall Effect and cell efficiency measurements) and Was obtainedThe efficiency of a multiple solar cell ranging from (0.16-13.2 %)
Morphological and Electrical Properties of Capped CdSe Nanoparticles
Authors: Mohammed Kahtan A , Al-Kabbi Alaa S , Ziadan Kareema M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, cadmium selenide (CdSe) were synthesized by a chemical route process using complex agent ( tri sodium citrate ) as a ligand. cadmium acetate as a Cd source and Na2SeO3 as a Se precursor. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their compositional, morphological and electrical properties using FESEM, EDAX and I-V characterization.
Evolution and set up the maps for solar radiation of Iraq using Data observation and Angstrom model during monthly July2017
Authors: Abed A f , Khanjer E F , Abdullah S A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The development that solar energy will have in the next years needs a reliable estimation of available solar energy resources. Several empirical models have been developed to calculate global solar radiation using various parameters such as extraterrestrial radiation, sunshine hours, albedo, maximum temperature, mean temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, cloudiness, evaporation, total perceptible water, number of rainy days, and altitude and latitude. In present work i) First part has been calculated solar radiation from the daily values of the hours of sun duration using Angstrom model over the Iraq for at July 2017. The second part has been mapping the distribution of solar radiation energy to Iraq using interpolation technique in Arc _GIs software Version 10.3.
Fabrication and Development Low Cost Dual Axis Solar Tracking System
Authors: Farhan Ahmed Jadah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Solar energy is gaining importance day by day as an energy resource. By sun tracking we can increase the electric energy of solar panel. When the solar panel is perpendicular to the sun’s rays it receives more sunlight. This paper about follow the sunlight direction across the sky by using a DC motor(satellite motor), the LM324 IC control the movement of DC motor by this the solar panel will change their position, solar panel detects the sunlight using four light dependent resistors (LDRs). The objective is to design and implement an automatic solar-tracking mechanism using an embedded system design with minimum cost and reliable structure. The results presented in this review confirm that the azimuth and altitude dual axis tracking system is more efficient compared to other tracking systems.
Evaluation of some properties of polyetheretherketone composites used for biomedical applications
Authors: Mohammed A. A. , Al-Hassani E. S. , Oleiwi J. K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Polyetheretherketone is considered to be a prime candidate with the potential to replace biomedical metallic materials as an orthopedic and dental implant on account of its elastic modulus similar to that of human cortical bone. This study presents the effect of polyetheretherketone specimens incorporated with different nano titanium dioxide and nano hydroxyapatite loading up to (1.5 wt%) have been prepared through a series of processing stages involving melt compounding, granulating and hot pressing. Following analysis of mechanical and chemical interactions by flexural, surface roughness and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy respectively. The results showed that the nano titanium dioxide and nano hydroxyapatite particles were uniformly disperse into polyetheretherketone, so the flexural modulus, flexural strength and surface roughness of polyetheretherketone biocomposites obviously increased with the addition of nano powder. On the other hand, break strain decreased with the rise of the total nano titanium dioxide and nano hydroxyapatite content. Furthermore, the best properties obtained when reinforced with nano hydroxyapatite.
Corrosion resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy by Radio Frequency Technique used for Coating Deposition of multilayer (HA/TiN/Ti6Al4V-substrate) for Optimization power
Authors: ulkareem M. A. , Noori F. T.M. , Khalaf M. K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to perform physical / chemical characterization and to determine the corrosion resistance of calcium-phosphate (HA), TiN-based bio-ceramics and thin metal plating processed by a Ti-6Al-4V process. TiN and HA coating maximum power 150 watts. The presence of TiN200 Watt TiN s coating resulted in electrochemical corrosion. High current cathodic and passive anodic polarization shows an active surface. EIS shows the active behavior assumed by the active cathodic currents imposed. And HA on the sample surface, some noise was observed during both polarization and EIS tests.
Friction and Wear Testing of Lubricated Joint Implant Material using AMTI Ortho-POD
Authors: Shamki A. I. , Abass S. J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Friction and wear are caused by complex interactions between surfaces that are in mechanical contact and sliding against each other. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of different lubricants on the wear and friction of most commonly used implant material ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and to compare the results of UHMWPE with another materials polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). To accomplish this goal, pin-on-disk cyclic testing by AMTI Ortho-Pod pin on disk was used with lubricant. The lubricant used to mimic synovial fluid was bovine albumin, hyaluronic acid, and the artificial lubricant (silicone oil) were used. Gravimetric analysis was used to characterize wear after 700 thousand cycles at normal load 300 N, sliding velocity 87.92 mm/sec with different wear paths. Using these data, pin-on-disk wear tests were conducted to explore that circular path had a higher mean coefficient of frictions and specific wear rate than a line path. UHMWPE had a lower mean coefficient of frictions and specific wear rate than PTFE.
Determination of The Weibull Modulus by Electrical Breakdown and Mechanical Strength for Soda Lime Glass
Authors: Zaidan S A , Al Ani A Z 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe interrelationships between mechanical and electrical properties are important to characterize one signifies the other, especially for brittle materials such as glass. The relationship between Weibull modulus from electrical breakdown and Weibull modulus from three-point bending test and other mechanical properties has been studied for soda lime glass slides. The results show that the electrical breakdown and Weibull modulus increased with the rate of rising voltage increases from 20.1-24.7 kV/mm and 10.9-13.78, respectively. The value of Weibull modulus was calculated by using mechanical strength is (12), this result identified the conditions necessary to achieve the same results in electrical breakdown strength test. Therefore, the best rate of rising voltage in the electric breakdown test is 2 kV/s which gives the same results as the mechanical tests. This means that it is possible in the future to evaluate the dielectric products electrically in terms of matching mechanical strength specifications using electrical tests.
Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Fertility Hormones for Female Rats
Authors: Yasoob A N , Khaleel K J , Murbat H H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The direct application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is the main scope of plasma medicine in or on the organism for curative purposes. Cold plasma is both effective in disrupting a wide range of microorganisms including multiple drug resistant ones (MDRs) and to stimulate proliferation of mammalian cells. It has obtained by Floating Electrode Dielectric Barrier Discharge (FE-DBD) system. The present study aimed to show the effected of cold plasma on the fertility hormones LH, Prolactin, Estrogen, and Testosterone hormones for healthy adult female rats (Albino) / bulb c). There are divided into many groups according to time exposure of plasma (15, 30, 60, and 90 second) and a reference group (without plasma exposure), with different time intervals after exposure (1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 days). The concentration of hormones was measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results showed that, the CAP effected slightly on the Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Estradiol Hormone (E2) the concentration levels slightly increased and stay near to the reference value for all times. Prolactin hormone (PRL) was effected significantly from the first day after exposure to CAP for all times, it was increased significantly (P < 0.0001) for short time of exposure (15, 30 sec) than control group value, and it was decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) than control value for time of exposure ( 60, 90 sec). The result of testosterone hormone is decreased significantly from the first day after exposure to CAP for all time exposure (15, 30, 60, and 90 sec).
The effect of the spinning speed variation on the perovskite solar cell efficiency
Authors: Mehde Mohammed S. , Al-Gebori Abdulnasser M. , Hantoosh Ali K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, compact titanitum dioxide (c-TiO2), amorphous titanitum dioxide (mp-TiO2) and methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) films were prepared by spin coating method under different different rotational speed of the CH3NH3PbI3 films. Many characterization measurements were achieved on the deposited CH3NH3PbI3 films in order to study the change that resulted from different parameters. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that the lattice constants of the fabricated CH3NH3PbI3 films were close to the slandered values. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements were conducted in order to study the morphology of the fabricated CH3NH3PbI3 films at different scale, these results displayed that the grain size of the CH3NH3PbI3 films in the range between about 160nm to 210 nm. The field emiision scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) results of the fabricated CH3NH3PbI3 films were well agreed to the AFM result especially in the grains shape and distribution. Transmittance measurements have been done to determine the variation of the energy gap and absorption coefficient the CH3NH3PbI3 films. The structure form of the perovskite solar cells were FTO/c-TiO2/mp- TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Au, the C-V measurements were achieved to determine the built-in potential, which found to have the highest value when using 4000 rpm during the synthesis of the perovskite layer. In addition, the I-V measurements in dark conditions have been conducted to compute the ideality factor and the saturation current, which are considered important parameters that influences the characteristics of the solar cells. The best solar cell efficiency was obtained at spinning speed of 4000 rpm.
Effect of deformation parameters on microstructure evolution and properties of 33NiCrMoV15 steel
Authors: Barényi I , Krbaťa M , Majerík J , Mikušová I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper deals with the effect of temperature and strain rate to microstructure evolution and final hardness of 33NiCrMoV15 steel after the simulation of the deformation process on real samples using of dilatometer DIL805D. The main goal of the simulation is the evaluation of Peak Stress – deformation resistance for different deformation temperatures and rates. Measured values are also processed by regression analysis to define the mathematical model of the monitored dependency. Examined steel is high strength middle alloyed steel with an optimal level of plastic properties used for high loaded parts including howitzers and tanks gun barrels.
Influence of CNC milling strategies on complex surface machining
Authors: Dodok T , Čuboňová N , Císar M , Ivanov V , Wiecek D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Milling strategies are an integral part of CAD/CAM systems. Every CAD/CAM system offers unique strategies to differentiate itself from the competition. The article deals with analysis of CNC milling strategies in CAD/CAM system Edgecam 2017 R2. Analysis is divided into two parts. In first part are analysed roughing strategies with focus based on time necessary for removal of material. Second part is focused on finishing strategies and achieving the highest quality of surface. In conclusion, the article deals with the analysis of existing milling strategies and the creation of a database for the assignment of optimal roughing and finishing strategies for specified components.
The requirements for the design of dual-mass flywheels
Authors: Grega R , Jakubovičová L , Sága M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the modern powertrains with new low emission combustion engines, the effort to reduce emissions and weight of the entire system increase the efficiency of vehicle drives but also make the drive much more sensitive to vibration. The new design concepts of dual-mass flywheels offer more options for eliminating vibration in vehicle drive systems. Every design of the dual-mass flywheel must ensure that it has the appropriate characteristics. A suitable characteristic then creates a prerequisite for application in a drive in which the resonance area can be moved to very low operating speed.
Reduction of the value of the bend deflection arising due to external forces and gravity by applying the tensile stress to the axial alignment
Authors: Knast P 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the methodology of designing geometric dimensions of elements of various structures h/L<0.01, where h means height and L length. It is useful for designing the optimum span of elements for which reaching the minimum value of f bend deflection is required. Creating an additional „artificial” stress acting axially in the direction perpendicular to the beam deflection reduces the value of the f bend deflection in a macro scale. The experiment has shown that the deflection of an element is minimised if the additionally applied force operating along the inert x axis is approximately 1 884 times greater than the forces causing the arrow to deflect in the y axis. The results confirmed that the introduction of an additional tensile force affecting an element in the system along the axis and the creation of an additional „artificial” tensile stress allows for reducing the bend deflection to 0. The developed methodology of designing geometrical elements h/L<0.01 consists in introducing additional forces causing stretching of the element along the x axis and checking the state of stresses in extreme fibres. If the fibres on both sides of the inert x axis are stretched, the deflection value on the macro scale is negligible.
Analysis of stability of stressed-skin constructions for transport of bulk raw materials
Authors: Dudziak M , Knast P , Talaśka K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An algorithm has been developed to assess the technical condition of stressed-skin constructions which constitute load-bearing structures and casing for conveyors. The description of the methodology is presented in the form of an algorithm. An important feature of the methodology is the measurement of main and intermediate structural nodes and then the comparison of measurement results with records in the documentation. The results of the measurements are used to simulate and assess the actual technical condition of the structure. If the deformation of the coating casing, ribbing, supports and other elements of the process line exceeds the limit values, it should be preventively decommissioned and assigned for repair or replacement. The developed methodology used for collecting the necessary information on the technical condition of the conveyor’s structure is aimed at its implementation to a wider use in industrial plants with developed inter-operational transport. The utilitarian aim of the study is to increase the level of users’ safety and to maintain the continuity of transport system performance.
Determination of the vibration emission level for a chipper with combustion engine
Authors: Kończak M , Kukla M , Warguła Ł , Talaśka K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Presently, we observe an increase in automation and mechanization of many areas of life and industry, which allow to increase work efficiency and reduce costs. However, many circumstances such as terrain shape, forestation or urban planning can prevent the deliver and operation of various types of machinery. Consequently, an important area of development for the basics of machine construction is non-road machinery. The high mobility and relatively low own weight allow operation in the most adverse conditions. One of such machines are chippers for wood branches. They are usually driven by combustion engines, which means they emit pollutants in the fuel combustion process together with noise and vibrations. All the above factors can negatively affect both the machine operator and the environment. It is therefore justified to examine the possibility to reduce the emission level of harmful media. This paper presents the results of study involving the measurement of vibration and noise generated during operation of a chipper with combustion engine under various operating conditions. The presented results will allow to identify the scale and place of origin of vibrations. They can act as a source of practical guidelines for the design of machines of this type.