bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic control of drug release efficiency in agarose gel loaded with gold nanoparticle assemblies
Authors: Moretti Luca , Mazzanti Andrea , Rossetti Arianna , Schirato Andrea , Polito Laura , Pizzetti Fabio , Sacchetti Alessandro , Cerullo Giulio , Della Valle Giuseppe , Rossi Filippo , Maiuri Margherita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) are exploited to concentrate light, provide local heating and enhance drug release when coupled to smart polymers. However, the role of NP assembling in these processes is poorly investigated, although their superior performance as nanoheaters has been theoretically predicted since a decade. Here we report on a compound hydrogel (agarose and carbomer 974P) loaded with gold NPs of different configurations. We investigate the dynamics of light-heat conversion in these hybrid plasmonic nanomaterials via a combination of ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and hot-electrons dynamical modeling. The photothermal study ascertains the possibility to control the degree of assembling via surface functionalization of the NPs, thus enabling a tuning of the photothermal response of the plasmon-enhanced gel under continuous wave excitation. We exploit these assemblies to enhance photothermal release of drug mimetics with large steric hindrance loaded in the hydrogel. Using compounds with an effective hydrodynamic diameter bigger than the mesh size of the gel matrix, we find that the nanoheaters assemblies enable a two orders of magnitude faster cumulative drug release toward the surrounding environment compared to isolated NPs, under the same experimental conditions. Our results pave the way for a new paradigm of nanoplasmonic control over drug release.
Understandable and trustworthy explainable robots: A sensemaking perspective
Authors: Papagni Guglielmo , Koeszegi Sabine 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the fundamental requirements for making explainable robots trustworthy and comprehensible for non-expert users. To this extent, we identify three main issues to solve: the approximate nature of explanations, their dependence on the interaction context and the intrinsic limitations of human understanding. The article proposes an organic solution for the design of explainable robots rooted in a sensemaking perspective. The establishment of contextual interaction boundaries, combined with the adoption of plausibility as the main criterion for the evaluation of explanations and of interactive and multi-modal explanations, forms the core of this proposal.
Talking to God:conceptualizing an alternative politeness approach for the human/divine relationship
Authors: Ridealgh Kim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe human/divine relationship is a dynamic that does not easily fit into existing politeness research frameworks and approaches. This paper will look to explore this relationship further, within the ancient Egyptian Late Ramesside Letters (c. 1099-1069 BCE), in order to explore the limitations of facework and ritual in fully exploring the phenomenon, and offer an alternative approach - the ‘community-embedded’ model - which expands on principles from both facework and ritual, as well as collective prayer. The use here of the ‘community-embedded’ approach allows for the analysis of the impact of utterances to and involving God (the divine entity who assumes this role in the communicative interaction) within wider social networks, and how this supports simultaneous relationship maintenance between humans, God, and larger networks specific to the culture under review.
How can ethnography contribute to understanding (im)politeness?
Authors: Reiter Rosina Márquez 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article presents an invitation to explore the benefits of adopting an ethnographic approach to (im)politeness research rather than an introduction to, or overview of, a well-established method in anthropology. It unfolds in four parts. In the first, I discuss some of the different ways in which (im)politeness scholars have grappled to reconcile lay and analyst understandings of (im)politeness with varying degrees of success. In the second, I offer the background of two examples which were gathered as part of ethnographic fieldwork in a contemporary migratory context. The examples deal with two classic topics in (im)politeness research: greetings and indirectness. The analysis demonstrates how insights from ethnography can enrich (im)politeness analysis by helping us to close the gap between lay and theoretical understandings of the practice. In the final section, I address the importance of delimiting the value of (im)politeness practices in the social reality of the speakers under study and invite colleagues to reflect on the societal impact of the discipline, including the expansion of the discipline beyond its middle-class milieu.
In-situ synthesis of Fe2O3/rGO using different hydrothermal methods as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Fu Haiyang , Gao Bo , Wang Yixuan , Li Kui , Sun Yue , Yin Juntai , Kan Jiawen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper studies in-situ synthesis of Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) anode materials by different hydrothermal process.Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis has found that different processes can control the morphology of graphene and Fe2O3. The morphologies of Fe2O3 prepared by the hydrothermal in-situ and oleic acid-assisted hydrothermal in-situ methods are mainly composed of fine spheres, while PVP assists The thermal in-situ law presents porous ellipsoids. Graphene exhibits typical folds and small lumps. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis results show that Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is generated in different ways. Also, the material has good crystallinity, and the crystal form of the iron oxide has not been changed after adding GO. It has been reduced, and a characteristic peak appears around 25°, indicating that a large amount of reduced graphene exists. The results of the electrochemical performance tests have found that the active materials prepared in different processes have different effects on the cycle performance of lithium ion batteries. By comprehensive comparison for these three processes, the electro-chemical performance of the Fe2O3/rGO prepared by the oleic acid-assisted hydrothermal method is best.
The role of sensory and olfactory pathways in multiple chemical sensitivity
Authors: Palmieri Beniamino , Corazzari Veronica , Vadalaʹ Maria , Vallelunga Annamaria , Morales-Medina Julio César , Iannitti Tommaso 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is characterised by non-specific and recurring symptoms affecting multiple organs and associated with exposure to chemicals, even at low concentrations, which are, under normal circumstances, harmless to the general population. Symptoms include general discomfort, cardiovascular instability, irritation of the sensory organs, breath disorders, hypersensitivity affecting the skin and epithelial lining of the gut, throat and lungs, anxiety, and learning and memory loss. Chemical intolerance is a key distinguishing feature of MCS, limiting considerably patients’ lifestyle with serious social, occupational and economic implications. Since no specific diagnostic markers are currently available for chemical intolerance, the diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms. Despite the formulation of several hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of MCS, its mechanisms remain undefined. A person-centred care approach, based on multidisciplinary and individualised medical plans, has shown promising results. However, more definite treatment strategies are required. We have reviewed the main experimental studies on MCS pathophysiology, focusing on the brain networks involved, the impact of environmental pollution on the olfactory system and the correlation with other pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss treatment strategies targeting the olfactory system.
The dagoba and the gopuram: A semiotic contrastive study of the Sinhalese Buddhist and Tamil Hindu cultures
Authors: Bonta Steven 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Having shown previously how a culture type can be given a unitary description in terms of a semiotic “lens” constrained by one of the Peircean Categories (“Shamanic” culture, by Firstness), we apply this methodology to a more “fine-grained” level of analysis, by comparing the Tamil and Sinhalese cultures under the assumption that one of them (Sinhalese) is in fact a “hybrid” culture-sign. Having shown in previous work that the greater South Asian microculture may be characterized as a Firstness of Thirdness (13), in this paper we provide evidence from a variety of semiotic contexts, including language, art, and religion, that the novel or “intrusive” sign in Sinhalese culture is Firstness of Secondness (12), resulting in a hybrid culture sign that may be described as 12 × 13.
How did 1MDB’s CEO manage impressions of culpability in an accountability interview?
Authors: Yoong David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScandalous revelations invite public scrutiny and strong oppositions that harm the hegemonic grip of the elites. When this happens, damage control discourses are deployed to quell public discontentment. One measure taken by the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) sovereign wealth fund in 2016 to address its corporate and political scandal was to accept an independent radio station’s invitation to participate in what is labelled here “an accountability interview.” To show how the CEO successfully managed and evaded impressions of culpability in this complex and adversarial interview, I adopt membership categorisation analysis. The analysis reveals how the CEO successfully downgrades morally and ethically wrong behaviour, associates the interviewers with bad behaviour, and reframes perceived abnormalities as usual practices. This research is driven by two purposes: i) to demystify the complex communication of 1MDB and the CEO’s methods in navigating around tough questions; and ii) to contribute to the growing field of accountability interview analysis, especially in the South-East Asian region, as micro-interactional accountability interview studies tend to lean considerably toward western data and perspectives.
On necessary conditional marking and proposition suspension: The meaning of the Spanish construction si es que
Authors: Reig Alamillo Asela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper offers a unified analysis of the coded meaning of Spanish conditional marker si es que: it conventionally conveys conditionality and the speaker’s lack of commitment to the proposition. This second meaning differentiates si es que from the general conditional marker si. It is also argued that si es que has two values: suspending a proposition and expressing a necessary condition, and established that these two share the conventional meaning but differ in the discourse status of the proposition: suspension takes place when the proposition was explicitly evoked in previous discourse, while the marking of necessary conditionals takes place when the proposition is not evoked, but typically new information. The analysis of Spanish si es que contributes to determining the relationship between the operation of suspending a content and the expression of conditionality.
Artefacts from Ban Chiang, Thailand: pottery with hematite-red geometric patterns
Authors: Bismayer Ulrich , Srilomsak Sutham , Treekamol Yaowapa , Tanthanuch Waraporn , Suriyatham Kanokwalee 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ban Chiang () is an extensively studied archeological site in Northeast Thailand, Udon Thani Province, which became a UNESCO world heritage in 1992. Depending on their production period ceramic artefacts show characteristic patterns at the surface which may be interpreted as iconographic motifs for the site. Two ceramic samples, excavated in 2003, from different periods were re-investigated, previously studied by Tanthanuch W., Pattanasiriwisawa W., Somphon W., Srilomsak S. Synchrotron studies of Ban Chiang ancient pottery. Suranaree J. Sci Technol. 2011, 18, 15–28 who focussed on thermal firing and redox-conditions. Shards selected for this study were sample 5412-S6E15 dated from Bronze Age (ca. 1000–300 BC) with yellow-brown, paint-free surface and a younger sample 8027 from Iron Age (ca. 300 BC–200 AD) with red painted design carrying pictorial patterns typical for the Ban Chiang ceramics. The surface material and colour of both shards was studied in detail using optical reflectance, FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Thin sections were used to determine the thickness of the red paint and the elemental composition of the surface using an electron microprobe. Chemical composition of sample 5412-S6E15 consists as oxides of elements mainly of SiO2 and Al2O3 (representing ca. 59 and 20 wt. %) and that of the red colour of the youngest sample 8027 consists mainly of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 (representing ca. 52, 13 and 13 wt. %), the average composition adjacent to the red painted area has ca. 72 wt. % SiO2, ca. 10 wt. % Al2O3 and only 2 wt. % Fe2O3. X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and optical reflectance measurements confirm hematite in the mineralogical composition of the red pigment of shard 8027.
New layered supertetrahedral compounds T2-MSiAs2, T3-MGaSiAs3 and polytypic T4-M
4Ga5SiAs9 (M = Sr, Eu)
Authors: Weippert Valentin , Haffner Arthur , Johrendt Dirk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The new supertetrahedral compounds MSiAs2, MGaSiAs3 and mC/tI-M
4Ga5SiAs9 (M = Sr, Eu) have been synthesized by solid-state reactions at high temperatures. The structures were determined by single crystal or powder X-ray diffraction. MSiAs2 and MGaSiAs3 crystallize in the monoclinic TlGaSe2- and RbCuSnS3-type structures, respectively (space group C2/c). These are topologically hierarchical variants of the tetragonal HgI2-type structure with stacked layers of T2 or T3 supertetrahedra. The T4 compounds M
4Ga5SiAs9 are dimorphic and form new structure types in the space groups C2/c and I41/amd, respectively. The latter exhibits coinciding layer stacking as known from tetragonal HgI2. The T4 compounds close the gap between the longer known T2 types and the recently reported compounds with T5 and T6 supertetrahedra. Measurements of the optical band gap, electrical resistivity and Hall Effect support the semiconducting nature of M
4Ga5SiAs9. Magnetization measurements confirm Eu2+ in Eu4Ga5SiAs9 and indicate ferromagnetism below T = 2 K.
Lu–Hf Isotope Composition of Zircon and Magma Sources of the Vendian–Early Paleozoic Granitoids in Tuva (by the Example of the Kaa-Khem and East Tannu-Ola Batholiths)
Authors: Rudnev S.N. , Mal’kovets V.G. , Belousova E.A. , Turkina O.M. , Semenova D.V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
—We present results of geochemical and Sr–Nd isotope studies of rocks and of local dating and determination of the Lu–Hf isotope composition of zircons from late Vendian–early Cambrian and Cambrian–Ordovician intrusive associations (granitoids and gabbroids) of the Kaa-Khem and East Tannu-Ola batholiths in Eastern Tuva. The wide ranges of the eNd values (6.9 to 0.5) of rocks and the εHf values of magmatic and inherited zircons reflect the diversity of the magma sources of late Vendian–early Paleozoic intrusive associations formed at the island arc and accretion–collision stages. Late Vendian (572–562 Ma, Kopto and Buren massifs) and early Cambrian (522–518 Ma, East Tannu-Ola batholith) island arc tholeiitic and calc-alkalic plagiogranitoids resulted from the melting of the Vendian–early Cambrian island arc crust without the contribution of a more ancient crustal material. The subalkalic gabbro–monzodiorite–granosyenite association of the Zubovka massif (510 Ma) formed from a mantle source depleted isotopically but enriched in incompatible elements, with the participation of an island arc crust material; this process took place in the early phase of plume activity at the accretion–collision stage. Island arc complexes were the main source of Cambrian–Ordovician accretion–collision calc-alkalic plagiogranitoids (500–450 Ma, Terektyg-Cheder, Karaos, Tapsa, Baisyut, and other massifs). Variations in their composition were due to the melting of thick crust, whose isotopic heterogeneity was caused by the different contributions of a more ancient crustal source. The crust of the Tuva–Mongolian terrane made the main contribution to the formation of the potassic granitoids of the Bren’ massif (450 Ma), marking the completion of accretion–collision processes in this region. The isotope parameters of the Vendian–early Paleozoic granitoids are indicators of the crust formation and evolution in the course of subduction and accretion–collision processes.
Vendian Taseeva Group, Southwestern Margin of the Siberian Platform: Isotope, Geochemical, and Geochronological Data, Age, and Correlation
Authors: Kochnev B.B. , Proshenkin A.I. , Pokrovsky B.G. , Letnikova E.F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
—A high-amplitude negative δ13C anomaly (–11‰ V-PDB) has been found in the carbonate horizons of the Chistyakovka Formation of the Taseeva Group in the type sections of the southern Yenisei Ridge. The δ18O values (–2.7 to –5.4‰ V-PDB) and the lithologic features of carbonates indicate that these are primary sedimentary rocks and their isotope parameters reflect the primary isotope composition of the paleobasin waters. The negative δ13C excursion in the Chistyakovka Formation is close in stratigraphic position and amplitude to similar isotope excursion in the Vendian strata of the southern Siberian Platform and to the global middle Ediacaran Shuram–Wonoka anomaly. According to the data on clastic zircons, the age of the Chistyakovka Formation is no older than 580 Ma, which agrees with the earlier estimated age of the Shuram–Wonoka event. As follows from the data obtained, the age of the basement of the Taseeva Group is no older than 600 Ma. This provides a more accurate correlation of the Vendian complex along the southwestern margin of the Siberian Platform. The different stratigraphic scales of the sediments indicate that the marginal trough here began to form at different times (from late Riphean to late Vendian), which explains its segmented structure.
Mechanisms of High-Purity Quartzite Formation at the Bural-Sardyk Deposit (Russia)
Authors: Ayurzhanaeva D.Ts. , Fedorov A.M. , Mazukabzov A.M. , Nepomnyashchikh A.I. , Ochirova E.A. , Posokhov V.F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
—The paper discusses the mechanisms of formation of high-purity quartzites from the Bural-Sardyk deposit. Based on a stadial analysis of the sedimentary-metamorphic sequence, we interpret the succession of postsedimentary transformations of high-silica rocks. Comprehensive studies using geological and geochemical methods and isotope research data reveal the role of tectonics, magmatism, metamorphism (regional and contact), and dynamic metamorphism in the formation of high-purity quartzites. Two main varieties of tectonites have been identified and described: stress-metamorphic tectonites and cataclasites. The paper presents a new geological map of the Bural-Sardyk deposit on a 1:10,000 scale.
Climate Signals in the Late Quaternary Bottom Sediments of Lake Baunt (Northern Transbaikalia)
Authors: Solotchin P.A. , Solotchina E.P. , Bezrukova E.V. , Zhdanova A.N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract—The bottom sediments of lakes with different mineralization located in the basins of inland areas are high-resolution archives of climate and environmental changes. We present results of study of the Late Pleistocene–Holocene sediments of freshwater Lake Baunt, one of the lakes of the Baunt (Tsipa) depression in the permafrost zone in northern Buryatia. The sediments were studied by XRD, IR spectroscopy, laser granulometry, elemental analysis, AMS dating, etc. Mineral analysis of the bottom sediments with an age of ~18 ka has revealed predominant phyllosilicates, quartz, and feldspars. Mathematical modeling of complex XRD spectra made it possible to identify chlorite, muscovite, illite, mixed-layer illite–smectite and chlorite–smectite, and kaolinite among the phyllosilicates. We have determined their structural and crystal-chemical features and quantitative proportions in the section (800 cm long core), which vary in accordance with the climate cycles and lake level fluctuations. The results obtained helped to reconstruct the evolution of the Lake Baunt basin controlled by the regional climate throughout the Late Pleistocene–Holocene. This paper continues a series of our publications concerned with the reconstruction of the Late Pleistocene–Holocene climate in East Siberia by comprehensive studies of the mineral composition of sedimentary sections of small lakes.
The Nature and Compositional Peculiarities of Volcanogenic Diamonds
Authors: Galimov E.M. , Kaminsky F.V. , Karpov G.A. , Shilobreeva S.N. , Sevast’yanova V.S. , Voropaev S.A. , Anikin L.P. , Wirth R. , Khachatryan G.K. , Saraikin V.V. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
—We have studied volcanogenic diamonds in the context of a discussion of their genesis, including some assumption on their artificial origin. The carbon isotope composition of diamonds collected from the eruption products of Tolbachik volcano (δ13CVPDB from –22 to –29‰) is within the range of the δ13CVPDB values of natural diamonds, including those from kimberlites. The δ15NAir values of the Tolbachik diamonds, measured for the first time (–2.58 and –2.32‰), correspond to δ15NAir of volcanic gases and differ from that of atmospheric nitrogen (δ15NAir = 0‰), which may be expected in synthetic diamonds. In the studied volcanogenic diamonds, as in synthetic ones, the nitrogen impurity is unaggregated. However, such an unaggregated form of nitrogen is specific to many natural diamonds (e.g., variety II diamonds, according to Orlov’s classification). Impurity elements (Cl, F, O, S, Si, Al, Ca, and Na) are locally concentrated in volcanogenic diamonds; they are a constituent of micro- and nanoinclusions in them. The high contents of F and Cl in the studied diamonds are correlated with the composition of volcanic gases; there is no reason to expect a similar correlation in synthetic diamonds. Moreover, the studied cube-octahedral Tolbachik diamonds have a number of accessory forms, some of which are not observed in synthetic diamonds. Their surfaces are frequently covered with films composed of Mg–Fe and Ca–Mg silicates, aluminosilicates, sulfates, metal alloys, and native Al. Mineral inclusions in the studied diamonds are Mn–Ni–Si alloys and silicides varying in composition from (Mn,Ni)4Si to (Mn,Ni)5Si2, Mn5Si2, and pure Mn silicide MnSi. Summing up the obtained data, we conclude that volcanogenic diamonds form in a strongly reducing environment, in which silicides and native metals and their alloys are stable. The predominant cube-octahedral morphology of these diamonds and the unaggregated nitrogen impurity point to their short-term residence under high-temperature conditions. This makes them similar, to some extent, to synthetic diamonds. There are, however, clear differences as well. Volcanogenic diamonds are similar in compositional peculiarities, including isotope compositions, to natural diamonds that form under most unfavorable conditions, such as cuboids, balases, carbonado, and some diamonds of the eclogite paragenesis. They also resemble diamonds found in situ in harzburgite and chromitite of ophiolites. This suggests a specific mechanism of formation of both volcanogenic and ophiolitic diamonds in the oceanic lithosphere.