bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary PlsEtn Ameliorates Colon Mucosa Inflammatory Stress and ACF in DMH‐Induced Colon Carcinogenesis Mice: Protective Role of Vinyl Ether Linkage
Authors: Nguma Ephantus , Tominaga Yuki , Yamashita Shinji , Otoki Yurika , Yamamoto Ayaka , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Miyazawa Teruo , Kinoshita Mikio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEthanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn), a sub‐class of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EtnGpl), is a universal phospholipid in mammalian membranes. Several researchers are interested in the relationship between colon carcinogenesis and colon PlsEtn levels. Here, we evaluated the functional role of dietary purified EtnGpl from the ascidian muscle (87.3 mol% PlsEtn in EtnGpl) and porcine liver (7.2 mol% PlsEtn in EtnGpl) in 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH)‐induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in vivo, and elucidated the possible underlying mechanisms behind it. Dietary EtnGpl‐suppressed DMH‐induced aberrant crypt with one foci (AC1) and total ACF formation (P < 0.05). ACF suppression by dietary ascidian muscle EtnGpl was higher compared with dietary porcine liver EtnGpl. Additionally, dietary EtnGpl decreased DMH‐induced oxidative damage, overproduction of TNF‐α, and expression of apoptosis‐related proteins in the colon mucosa. The effect of dietary ascidian muscle EtnGpl showed superiority compared with dietary porcine liver EtnGpl. Our results demonstrate the mechanisms by which dietary PlsEtn suppress ACF formation and apoptosis. Dietary PlsEtn attained this suppression by reducing colon inflammation and oxidative stress hence a reduction in DMH‐induced intestinal impairment. These findings provide new insights about the functional role of dietary PlsEtn during colon carcinogenesis.
Ricci η‐recurrent real hypersurfaces in 2‐dimensional nonflat complex space forms
Authors: Wang Yaning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLet M be a Hopf hypersurface in a nonflat complex space form , , of complex dimension two. In this paper, we prove that M has η‐recurrent Ricci operator if and only if it is locally congruent to a homogeneous real hypersurface of type (A) or (B) or a non‐homogeneous real hypersurface with vanishing Hopf principal curvature. This is an extension of main results in [17, 21] for real hypersurfaces of dimension three. By means of this result, we give some new characterizations of Hopf hypersurfaces of type (A) and (B) which generalize those in [14, 18, 26].
Noncompact quasi‐Einstein manifolds conformal to a Euclidean space
Authors: Ribeiro Jr Ernani , Tenenblat Keti 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe goal of this article is to investigate nontrivial m‐quasi‐Einstein manifolds globally conformal to an n‐dimensional Euclidean space. By considering such manifolds, whose conformal factors and potential functions are invariant under the action of an ‐dimensional translation group, we provide a complete classification when and or .
Solubilizing Side Chain Engineering: Efficient Strategy to Improve the Photovoltaic Performance of Novel Benzodithiophene‐Based (X‐DADAD)n Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Kuznetsov Ilya E. , Nikitenko Sergey L. , Kuznetsov Petr M. , Dremova Nadezhda N. , Troshin Pavel A. , Akkuratov Alexander V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConjugated polymers represent a promising family of semiconductor materials for thin‐film organic solar cells (OSCs). An efficient approach to improve the photovoltaic performance of conjugated polymers is engineering the side chains attached to the polymer backbone. This work reports the impact of different alkyl substituents on the optoelectronic properties, charge carrier mobilities, thin film morphology, and photovoltaic performance of novel (X‐DADAD)n conjugated polymers incorporating benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene moieties. It has been shown that loading conjugated polymers with appropriate alkyl side chains results in a spectacular performance improvement from 6.8% to 9% in OCSs using a model fullerene acceptor [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester. The obtained results feature side‐chain engineering as a facile and efficient strategy for designing high‐performance conjugated polymers for organic photovoltaics.
Recent developments in targeting genes and pathways by RNAi‐based approaches in colorectal cancer
Authors: Jebelli Asiyeh , Baradaran Behzad , Mosafer Jafar , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA wide spectrum of genetic and epigenetic variations together with environmental factors has made colorectal cancer (CRC), which involves the colon and rectum, a challenging and heterogeneous cancer. CRC cannot be effectively overcomed by common conventional therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone replacement which highlights the need for a rational design of novel anticancer therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that RNA interference (RNAi) could be an important avenue to generate great therapeutic efficacy for CRC by targeting genes that are responsible for the viability, cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metastasis, and invasion of CRC cells. In this review, we underline the documented benefits of small interfering RNAs and short hairpin RNAs to target genes and signaling pathways related to CRC tumorigenesis. We address the synergistic effects of RNAi‐mediated gene knockdown and inhibitors/chemotherapy agents to increase the sensitivity of CRC cells to common therapies. Finally, this review points new delivery systems/materials for improving the cellular uptake efficiency and reducing off‐target effects of RNAi.
Selectivity‐enhancement technique for parallel‐coupled SIR based dual‐band bandpass filter
Authors: Li Daotong , Wang Ju‐An , Liu Ying , Chen Zhen , Yang Lisheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA selectivity‐enhancement technique is presented for design of parallel‐coupled stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR) based dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) in this article. The presented dual‐band BPF consists of two short‐circuited coupled lines (SCCLs) and a couple of parallel‐coupled SIRs. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations on the proposed parallel‐coupled dual‐band BPF and SCCLs are implemented, respectively. Additionally, by loading the two different SCCLs at the input and output ports of the parallel‐coupled dual‐band BPF separately, two transmission zeros can be created beside each passband, which will enhance the skirt selectivity and stopband performances significantly. For demonstration, a dual‐band BPF prototype with the center frequencies of 2.3 and 4.4 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement results agree well with the simulation ones, which verifies the feasibility of the technique.
High‐resolution multi‐T1–weighted contrast and T1 mapping with low sensitivity using the fluid and white matter suppression (FLAWS) sequence at 7T
Authors: Beaumont Jérémy , Gambarota Giulio , Saint‐Jalmes Hervé , Acosta Oscar , Ferré Jean‐Christophe , Raniga Parnesh , Fripp Jurgen 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo demonstrate that fluid and white matter suppression (FLAWS) imaging can be used for high‐resolution T1 mapping with low transmitted bias field () sensitivity at 7T.MethodsThe FLAWS sequence was optimized for 0.8‐mm isotropic resolution imaging. The theoretical accuracy and precision of the FLAWS T1 mapping was compared with the one of the magnetization‐prepared two rapid gradient echoes (MP2RAGE) sequence optimized for low sensitivity. FLAWS images were acquired at 7T on six healthy volunteers (21 to 48 years old; two women). MP2RAGE and saturation‐prepared with two rapid gradient echoes (SA2RAGE) datasets were also acquired to obtain T1 mapping references and maps. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) between brain tissues was measured in the FLAWS‐hco and MP2RAGE‐uni images. The Pearson correlation was measured between the MP2RAGE and FLAWS T1 maps. The effect of on FLAWS T1 mapping was assessed using the Pearson correlation.ResultsThe FLAWS‐hco images were characterized by a higher brain tissue CNR (, , ) than the MP2RAGE‐uni images (, , ). The theoretical accuracy and precision of the FLAWS T1 mapping () were in agreement with those provided by the MP2RAGE T1 mapping (). A good agreement was found between in vivo T1 values measured with the MP2RAGE and FLAWS sequences (r = 0.91). A weak correlation was found between the FLAWS T1 map and the map within cortical gray matter and white matter segmentations (; ).ConclusionThe results from this study suggest that FLAWS is a good candidate for high‐resolution T1‐weighted imaging and T1 mapping at the field strength of 7T.
The gerontological nurse specialist’s core competencies in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chunlan Bai , Lihui Pu , Hongxiu Chen , Xiuying Hu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTodescribe the core competencies of gerontological nurse specialists and investigate the factors that contribute to the development of core competencies.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted from August 2015–March 2016.MethodsThe descriptive study of gerontological nurse specialists’ core competencies used a self‐assessment instrument with three first‐level domains (attitude, skill and knowledge) and 9 s‐level dimensions. A total of 225 gerontological nurse specialists from ten provinces in China were selected by a convenience sampling method.ResultsThe average core competency score of the gerontological nurse specialists was 3.78, in the middle level(3.30–4.17/5.00). Core competency was associated with gerontological nurse specialists’ age (p = .005), professional title (p = .017), hospital level (p = .006) and passion for geriatric nursing (p = .000). The average scores of attitude, skill and knowledge were 4.45, 4.02 and 4.18, respectively. All first‐level domains were related to age (p ≤ .021) and passion for geriatric nursing (p ≤ .008); knowledge and skill were associated with professional title (p ≤ .045) and attitude and skill were associated with hospital level (p ≤ .020).
Effects of a health education intervention on knowledge and attitudes towards chronic non‐communicable diseases among undergraduate students in Jordan
Authors: Almomani Maysa H. , Rababa Mohammad , Alzoubi Fatmeh , Alnuaimi Karimeh , Alnatour Ahlam , Ali Reem A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of a health promotion course on knowledge and attitudes towards chronic non‐communicable diseases (CNCDs) among undergraduate students in a Jordanian university.DesignA one‐group pre‐test–post‐test study design was used.MethodsA convenience sample of 178 undergraduate students registered in a 3‐credit health promotion course was enrolled in the study and completed both pre‐ and post‐tests. This course is offered as an elective course for undergraduate students by the Faculty of Nursing at a large public university in Jordan. Twelve, one‐hour interactive sessions regarding CNCDs topics were delivered over 3 weeks as part of the health promotion course. A computer‐based questionnaire was used to evaluate students’ knowledge and attitudes towards CNCDs including diabetes, hypertension and cancer, before and after undertaking the course.ResultsThere was a significant improvement in the overall knowledge (Cohen's d effect size (d) = 1.08) and attitudes (d = 0.62) among all the students, regardless of gender. The overall knowledge and attitudes scores were significantly higher among females in the pre‐test, but the differences in their overall scores became insignificant in the post‐test. Education on specific topics was effective in improving university students’ knowledge and attitudes about health‐promoting behaviours, thereby preventing CNCDs. It is important to incorporate health promotion education regarding CNCDs into university curricula using innovative approaches to enhance healthy behaviours in young adults.
Brief communication: Immunohistochemical detection of ACE2 in human salivary gland
Authors: Usami Yu , Hirose Katsutoshi , Okumura Masashi , Toyosawa Satoru , Sakai Takayoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) was firstly reported in late December of 2019 and subsequently caused a global outbreak. It has been shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 uses ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) as a cellular receptor for host cell entry through the surface unit of SARS‐CoV spike glycoprotein. In this brief report, we analyze ACE2 protein expression and localization in human salivary gland, and propose a possible role of saliva in the pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Overexpression of the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor ACE2 is induced by cigarette smoke in bronchial and alveolar epithelia
Authors: Liu Aibin , Zhang Xin , Li Ronggang , Zheng Mingzhu , Yang Shasha , Dai Longxia , Wu Anhua , Hu Chengping , Huang Yanming , Xie Mingxuan , Chen Qiong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAngiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the functional receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and a target for disease prevention. However, the relationship between ACE2 expression and its clinical implications in SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis remains unknown. Here, we explored the location and expression of ACE2, and its correlation with gender, age, and cigarette smoke (CS), in a CS‐exposed mouse model and 224 non‐malignant lung tissues (125 non‐smokers, 81 current smokers, and 18 ex‐smokers) by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the correlations of ACE2 with CS‐induced oxidative stress‐related markers, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE) were investigated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays identified the cause of ACE2 overexpression in human primary lung epithelial cells. We demonstrated that ACE2 was predominantly overexpressed on the apical surface of bronchial epithelium, while reduced in alveolar epithelium, owing to the dramatically decreased abundance of alveolar type II pneumocytes in CS‐exposed mouse lungs. Consistent with this, ACE2 was primarily significantly overexpressed in human bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells in smokers regardless of age or gender. Decreased ACE2 expression was observed in bronchial epithelial cells from ex‐smokers compared with current smokers, especially in those who had ceased smoking for more than 10 years. Moreover, ACE2 expression was positively correlated with the levels of HIF‐1α, iNOS, and 4‐HNE in both mouse and human bronchioles. The results were further validated using a publicly available dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and our previous integrated data from Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 microarray (AE‐meta). Finally, our results showed that HIF‐1α transcriptionally upregulates ACE2 expression. Our results indicate that smoking‐induced ACE2 overexpression in the apical surface of bronchial epithelial cells provides a route by which SARS‐CoV‐2 enters host cells, which supports clinical relevance in attenuating the potential transmission risk of COVID‐19 in smoking populations by smoking cessation. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on mechanical, structural, morphological, and thermal properties of raw and alkali treated Cordia dichotoma‐polyester composite
Authors: Reddy Bandi Madhusudhan , Reddy Yerasu Venkata Mohana , Reddy B. Chandra Mohan , Kumar Gudimetta Suresh , Reddy P. Venkateshwar , Rao H. Raghavendra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurrently, natural fibers used as reinforcement with polymer composite materials is trending among many researchers, due to their significant properties like low density, light weight and biodegradability. One of such fibers is Cordia dichotoma, which are cheap and available in abundance. The Cordia dichotoma ffibers were extracted from its bark using water‐retting process. These unidirectional fibers were reinforced in a polyester matrix, and mechanical properties such as tensile and flexural properties of the resulting composite were determined experimentally. The Cordia dichotoma fibers were alkali treated with 5% NaOH solution to enhance bonding with matrix and the effect of this treatment on properties of the composite were explored. It was observed that 5% NaOH treatment gives considerable improvement in mechanical properties of the composite. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups and chemical compositions of the raw and alkali treated fiber composites. SEM analysis was carried out and resulting images revealed the existence of impurities on the surface of the raw fiber in the composite. Removal of the impurities with alkali treatment of fibers made the surface of the fibers rough and lead to improving the mechanical properties. Further, thermal stability (degradation temperature and weight loss) of raw and alkali treated fiber reinforced composites was studied using TGA.
The state of the world’s urban ecosystems: What can we learn from trees, fungi, and bees?
Authors: Stevenson Philip C. , Bidartondo Martin I. , Blackhall‐Miles Robert , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Cooper Amanda , Geslin Benoît , Koch Hauke , Lee Mark A. , Moat Justin , O’Hanlon Richard , Sjöman Henrik , Sofo Adriano , Stara Kalliopi , Suz Laura M. 
Published: September 2020

Social Impact StatementPositive interactions between people and nature inspire behaviours that are in harmony with biodiversity conservation and also afford physical and mental health benefits. Since most people live in towns and cities, urban greenspaces are key points of influence for conservation, but also provide diverse ecosystem services. City trees are a foundation for biodiversity in urban ecosystems, and their belowground interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and aboveground interactions with pollinators must be central to urban ecosystem planning. Messaging about biodiversity must be clearer to avoid unintended negative outcomes from conservation actions such as low diversity tree planting and unsustainable levels of urban beekeepingSummaryTrees are a foundation for biodiversity in urban ecosystems and therefore must be able to withstand global change and biological challenges over decades and even centuries to prevent urban ecosystems from deteriorating. Tree quality and diversity should be prioritized over simply numbers to optimize resilience to these challenges. Successful establishment and renewal of trees in cities must also consider belowground (e.g., mycorrhizas) and aboveground (e.g., pollinators) interactions to ensure urban ecosystem longevity, biodiversity conservation and continued provision of the full range of ecosystem services provided by trees. Positive interactions with nature inspire people to live more sustainable lifestyles that are consistent with stopping biodiversity loss and to participate in conservation actions such as tree‐planting and supporting pollinators. Interacting with nature simultaneously provides mental and physical health benefits to people. Since most people live in cities, here we argue that urban ecosystems provide important opportunities for increasing engagement with nature and educating people about biodiversity conservation. While advocacy on biodiversity must communicate in language that is relevant to a diverse audience, over‐simplified messaging, may result in unintended negative outcomes. For example, tree planting actions typically focus on numbers rather than diversity while the call to save bees has inspired unsustainable proliferation of urban beekeeping that may damage wild bee conservation through increased competition for limited forage in cities and disease spread. Ultimately multiple ecosystem services must be considered (and measured) to optimize their delivery in urban ecosystems and messaging to promote the value of nature in cities must be made widely available and more clearly defined.
Plant Power: Opportunities and challenges for meeting sustainable energy needs from the plant and fungal kingdoms
Authors: Grace Olwen M. , Lovett Jon C. , Gore Charles J. N. , Moat Justin , Ondo Ian , Pironon Samuel , Langat Moses K. , Pérez‐Escobar Oscar A. , Ross Andrew , Suzan Abbo Mary , Shrestha Krishna K. , Gowda Balakrishna , Farrar Kerrie , Adams Jessica , Cámara‐Leret Rodrigo , Diazgranados Mauricio , Ulian Tiziana , Sagala Saut , Rianawati Elisabeth , Hazra Amit , Masera Omar R. , Antonelli Alexandre , Wilkin Paul 
Published: September 2020

Societal Impact StatementBioenergy is a major component of the global transition to renewable energy technologies. The plant and fungal kingdoms offer great potential but remain mostly untapped. Their increased use could contribute to the renewable energy transition and addressing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.” Current research focuses on species cultivated at scale in temperate regions, overlooking the wealth of potential new sources of small‐scale energy where they are most urgently needed. A shift towards diversified, accessible bioenergy technologies will help to mitigate and adapt to the threats of climate change, decrease energy poverty, improve human health by reducing indoor pollution, increase energy resilience of communities, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels.SummaryBioenergy derived from plants and fungi is a major component of the global transition to renewable energy technologies. There is rich untapped diversity in the plant and fungal kingdoms that offers potential to contribute to the shift away from fossil fuels and to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.” Energy poverty—the lack of access to modern energy services—is most acute in the Global South where biodiversity is greatest and least investigated. Our systematic review of the literature over the last 5 years (2015–2020) indicates that research efforts have targeted a very small number of plant species cultivated at scale, mostly in temperate regions. The wealth of potential new sources of bioenergy in biodiverse regions, where the implementation of SDG7 is most urgently needed, has been largely overlooked. We recommend next steps for bioenergy stakeholders—research, industry, and government—to seize opportunities for innovation to alleviate energy poverty while protecting biodiversity. Small‐scale energy production using native plant species in bioenergy landscapes overcomes many pitfalls associated with bioenergy crop monocultures, such as biodiversity loss and conflict with food production. Targeted trait‐based screening of plant species and biological screening of fungi are required to characterize the potential of this resource. The benefits of diversified, accessible bioenergy go beyond the immediate urgency of energy poverty as more diverse agricultural landscapes are more resilient, store more carbon, and could also reduce the drivers of the climate and environmental emergencies.