bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Effects of Injectable Biodegradable Thermogels on Pharmacotherapy of Inflammatory Glaucoma‐Associated Degradation of Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Nguyen Duc Dung , Luo Li‐Jyuan , Lai Jui‐Yang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of advanced drug delivery systems with extensively sustained release and multiple functions is highly imperative for effective attenuation of the degradation of ocular extracellular matrix that is associated with inflammatory glaucoma. Here, the generation of amine‐terminated polyamidoamine dendrimers in an injectable biodegradable thermogel is demonstrated to be important for achieving prolonged drug release profiles and potent anti‐inflammatory effects. Among various generations (Gx, x = 0, 1, 3, 5), third‐generation G3 is proved as the most effective material for optimizing the synergistic effects of gelatin and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and generating a thermogel with the highest biodegradation resistance, the best drug encapsulation/extended‐release performance, and the best ability to reduce the elevated expression of inflammatory molecules. A pharmacotherapy based on intracameral injection of thermogels coloaded with pilocarpine and ascorbic acid results in effective alleviation of progressive glaucoma owing to the anti‐inflammatory activity and long‐acting drug release (above a therapeutic level of 10 µg mL−1 over 80 days) of thermogels, which simultaneously suppress inflammation and stimulate regeneration of stromal collagen and retinal laminin. These findings on the dendritic effects of rationally designed injectable biomaterials with potent anti‐inflammatory effects and controlled drug release demonstrate great promise of their use for pharmacological treatment of progressive glaucoma.
Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Antihypoxic Signaling and CpG Adjuvant as an In Situ Tumor Vaccine Based on Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles to Boost Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Cai Zhixiong , Xin Fuli , Wei Zuwu , Wu Ming , Lin Xinyi , Du Xiaofan , Chen Geng , Zhang Da , Zhang Zhenxi , Liu Xiaolong , Yao Cuiping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) usually aggravates tumor hypoxia, which promotes the survival and metastasis of residue cancer cells; furthermore, although PDT‐induced immunogenic death of cancer cells can induce host antitumor responses, such responses are generally weak and not enough to eliminate the residue cancer cells. Here, metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based nanoparticles to combine PDT, antihypoxic signaling, and CpG adjuvant as an in situ tumor vaccine to boost host anticancer responses after PDT are designed. The MOF‐based nanoparticles are self‐assembled from H2TCPP and zirconium ions with hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling inhibitor (ACF) and immunologic adjuvant (CpG) loading, and hyaluronic acid (HA) coating on the surface. The final nanoparticles (PCN‐ACF‐CpG@HA) can specifically target cancer cells overexpressing CD44 receptor though HA; the aggravated hypoxic survival signaling after PDT can be blocked by ACF to inhibit the HIF‐1α induced survival and metastasis. With the help of CpG adjuvant, the tumor associated antigens generated from PDT‐based cancer cell destruction can initiate strong antitumor immune responses to eliminate residue cancer cells. Taken together, a novel in situ immunostimulatory strategy is designed to synergistically enhance therapeutic effects of PDT by activating host antitumor immune‐responses both in vitro and in vivo, which may have great potential for clinical translation in future.
Supramolecular Nanofibers for Encapsulation and In Situ Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Zhao Hao , Xu Jingwen , Peng Ke , Fu Xuancheng , Zhang Endong , Lv Fengting , Liu Libing , Zhang Na , Wang Yilin , Wang Shu , Gu Qi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDesign and fabrication of fibrous materials by natural biological macromolecules in light of biomimetics to achieve spatially cellular arrangements are highly desirable in tissue engineering. Herein, chromatin‐inspired supramolecular fibers formed through the interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) process by DNA and histone proteins for encapsulation and in situ differentiation of murine brain‐derived neural stem cells (NSCs) are reported. High cell viability of encapsulated NSCs demonstrates the excellent biocompatibility of fibers as 3D scaffolds. Moreover, a cell‐adhesive peptide (K6‐PEG‐RGD) is introduced into fibers by electrostatic interaction to improve NSCs encapsulation efficiency and prevent them from migrating out of fibers for enhanced spatially cellular arrangement. In situ differentiation of NSCs into oligodendrocytes within fibers is revealed by immunocytochemical staining assay. Due to the robust abilities to encapsulate and in situ differentiate NSCs, these chromatin‐inspired supramolecular fibers show great potential in neural system‐related tissue.
In Vitro Human Liver Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Coculturing Hepatocytes, Endothelial Cells, and Kupffer Cells
Authors: Suurmond Ceri‐Anne E. , Lasli Soufian , van den Dolder Floor W. , Ung Aly , Kim Han‐Jun , Bandaru Praveen , Lee KangJu , Cho Hyun‐Jong , Ahadian Samad , Ashammakhi Nureddin , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Lee Junmin , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe liver has a complex and unique microenvironment with multiple cell–cell interactions and internal vascular networks. Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease with multiple phases, no proper model could fully recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment to understand NAFLD progression. Here, an in vitro human liver model of NAFLD by coculturing human hepatocytes, umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and Kupffer cells (KCs) into spheroids is presented. Analysis of indirect cross‐talk using conditioned media between steatotic spheroids—composed of hepatocellular carcinoma‐derived cells (HepG2) and HUVECs—and mouse KCs reveals that the latter can be activated showing increased cell area, elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory cytokines. Spheroids incorporating human KCs (HKCs) can also be induced into steatotic stage by supplementing fat. Steatotic spheroids with/without HKCs show different levels of steatotic stages through lipid accumulation and ROS production. Steatotic spheroids made from an immortalized hepatic progenitor cell line (HepaRG) compared to those made from HepG2 cells display similar trends of functionality, but elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and improved reversibility of steatosis. The in vitro human liver system proposed makes strides in developing a model to mimic and monitor the progression of NAFLD.
On the Self‐Repair of WS2/a‐C Tribocoating
Authors: Cao Huatang , Wen Feng , De Hosson Jeff Th. M. , Pei Yutao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the self‐healing capacity of a WS2/amorphous carbon (a‐C) tribocoating. It is found that prenotches up to 45 µm wide in the WS2/a‐C coating surface can be completely healed under the stimulus of sliding operations. The in situ tribotest of 100, 500, 2000, and 6000 laps confirms a dynamic filling of tribofilms that patch the voids and prenotched damages. The stabilized coefficient of friction (CoF) remains at an ultralow value down to 0.02, independent of the prenotched damage at the top of coating. The sites of notched damage in fact act as lubricant reservoirs to accumulate the otherwise “wasted” debris, which are restored as a superlubricant by the sliding operation. High resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that WS2 (002) nanoplatelets in the healed notch are parallel to the top coating surface but conformal to the coating/notch interface. The patchy tribofilm holds excellent promise for the self‐repair of damages in the field of tribology.
Conducting LaVO3/SrTiO3 Interface: Is Cationic Stoichiometry Mandatory?
Authors: Tomar Ruchi , Varma Rahul Mahavir , Kumar Nand , Sarma D. D. , Maryenko Denis , Chakraverty Suvankar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe origin of the conductivity at the interface of two insulating perovskite oxides is a matter of intensive studies. The conductivity generated at the interface of insulating LaVO3 (LVO) and SrTiO3 (STO) is explained in terms of polar catastrophe. Here, the authors grown LVO films on (001) TiO2‐terminated STO substrate employing pulsed laser deposition technique and demonstrate a transition from conducting to insulating interface by changing the La‐stoichiometry by only 1%, whereby such transition takes place for La‐deficient films. The effect of cation (non)stoichiometry of LVO film on both carrier density and mobility is studied and compared with previously reported LaAlO3–STO interface. This observation suggests a revisit to the explanation of possible origin of such conductivity beyond the polar catastrophe scenario and can be instrumental in search for novel conducting interfaces.
Effect of Electrolyte Additives on the LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Surface Film Formation with Lithium and Graphite Negative Electrodes
Authors: Hekmatfar Maral , Hasa Ivana , Eghbal Ramtin , Carvalho Diogo V. , Moretti Arianna , Passerini Stefano 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effect of various electrolyte additives (fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), and propane sultone (PS)) on the performance of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) electrodes in combination with lithium (half‐cell) and graphite (full‐cell) negative electrodes, is herein reported. The cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI) layer formed on the NMC532 electrode cycled up to 4.5 V versus Li+/Li is investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This allows correlating the electrochemical performance of the electrodes to the CEI chemical composition, thickness, and morphology. All the investigated electrolyte additives exhibit beneficial effects in half‐ and full‐cell systems, confirming the effective passivation layer formation protecting the electrolyte from further decomposition at high voltages. It is found that the thickness of the CEI layer forming on the NMC532 electrodes in half‐ and full‐cell configuration is different. VC and PS are found to be the best additives to enhance the performance mainly due to their positive contribution to the CEI formation. The solid/electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the graphite electrode is also investigated and compared to the CEI layer formed on the cathode. The detection of typical SEI reduction products on the positive electrode surface confirms the occurrence of cross‐talking between the two electrodes.
Selective Degradation of End‐of‐Life Poly(lactide) via Alkali‐Metal‐Halide Catalysis
Authors: Alberti Christoph , Damps Nicole , Meißner Roderich R. R. , Hofmann Melanie , Rijono Desiree , Enthaler Stephan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe recycling of poly(lactide) (PLA) is studied. Using methanol and alkali‐metal‐halides as catalyst, PLA is degraded to produce methyl lactate, which is a suitable chemical for the regeneration of PLA. An excellent degree of degradation (conversions: >99%, yields: >99%) is achieved in less than 20 min utilizing microwave heating. Remarkably, PLA goods are successfully converted into methyl lactate.
Controllable and Stable Quantized Conductance States in a Pt/HfOx/ITO Memristor
Authors: Xue Wuhong , Li Yi , Liu Gang , Wang Zhuorui , Xiao Wen , Jiang Kemin , Zhong Zhicheng , Gao Shuang , Ding Jun , Miao Xiangshui , Xu Xiao‐Hong , Li Run‐Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuantum‐level manipulation of atomic configuration offers a excellent platform for the construction of exotic nanostructures that exhibit unusual solid‐state physics and electronic properties. One particular example is the memristor, in which the elaborate evolution of atomic point contact via local ionic processes and consequent stepwise device conductance quantization enable bottom‐up design of in‐memory computing with greatly increased data storage density and more efficient multi‐value logic algorithm. In‐depth understanding on the physics of atomic reconfiguration is achieved through comprehensive consideration of the thermodynamics and kinetics of nanoionics in memristors, based on which a general protocol of constructing atomic point contact structure with desired quantized conductance is established. Through energy‐driven single‐atom level oxygen manipulation in the reset process of a Pt/HfOx/ITO structure, up to 32 consecutive quantized conductance states with an interval of half conductance quantum that can be sustained for over 7000 s and tuned 500 times are demonstrated for the first time, not only allowing the physical implementation of ternary logic‐in‐memory functions, but also providing a universal methodology for building next‐generation quantum electronic devices.
Applying Educational Theory and Best Practices to Solve Common Challenges of Simulation‐based Procedural Training in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Cassara Michael , Schertzer Kimberly , Falk Michael J. , Wong Ambrose H. , Hock Sara M. , Bentley Suzanne , Paetow Glenn , Conlon Lauren W. , Hughes Patrick G. , McKenna Ryan T. , Hrdy Michael , Lei Charles , Kulkarni Miriam , Smith Colleen M. , Young Amanda , Romo Ernesto , Smith Michael D. , Hernandez Jessica , Strother Christopher G. , Frallicciardi Alise , Nadir Nur‐Ain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesProcedural competency is an essential prerequisite for the independent practice of emergency medicine. Multiple studies demonstrate that simulation‐based procedural training (SBPT) is an effective method for acquiring and maintaining procedural competency and preferred over traditional paradigms (“see one, do one, teach one”). Although newer paradigms informing SBPT have emerged, educators often face circumstances that challenge and undermine their implementation. The goal of this paper is to identify and report on best practices and theory‐supported solutions to some of these challenges as derived using a process of expert consensus building and reviews of the existing literature on SBPT.MethodsThe Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Simulation Academy SBPT Workgroup convened approximately 8 months prior to the 2019 SAEM Annual Meeting to perform a review of the literature and participate in a consensus‐building process to identify solutions (in the form of best practices and educational theory) to these challenges faced by educators engaging in SBPT.Results and AnalysisThirteen distinct educational challenges to SBPT emerged from the expert group’s primary literature reviews and consensus‐building processes. Three domains emerged upon further analysis of the 13 challenges: learner, educator, and curriculum. Six challenges within the “learner” domain were selected for comprehensive discussion in this paper, as they were deemed representative of the most common and most significant threats to ideal SBPT. Each of the six challenges aligns with one of the following themes: 1) maximizing active learning, 2) maintaining learner engagement, 3) embracing learner diversity, 4) optimizing cognitive load, 5) promoting mindfulness and reflection, and 6) emphasizing deliberate practice for mastery learning. Over 20 “special treatments” for mitigating the impact of the 13 challenges were derived from the secondary literature search and consensus‐building process prior to and during the preconference workshop; 11 of these that best address the six learner‐centered challenges are explored, including implications for educators involved in SBPT.Conclusions/Implications for EducatorsWe propose multiple consensus‐generated solutions (in the form of best practices and applied educational theory) that we believe are suitable and well aligned to overcome commonly encountered learner‐centered challenges and threats to optimal SBPT.
Drinking water improvements and rates of urinary and gastrointestinal infections in Galápagos, Ecuador: Assessing household and community factors
Authors: Houck Kelly M. , Terán Enrique , Ochoa Juan , Zapata Gyssell N. , Gomez Ana M. , Parra Rafael , Dvorquez Denise , Stewart Jill R. , Bentley Margaret E. , Thompson Amanda L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe Galápagos provides an important setting to investigate the health impacts of a new drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in a limited resource environment. We examine how household perceptions and practices affect the relationship between water quality and infections before and after DWTP.MethodsEthnographic data and self‐reported infections were collected from 121 mothers and 168 children ages 2 to 10 from Isla San Cristóbal. Household tap water samples were tested for levels of fecal contamination. Community level infection rates were estimated using discharge records from the Ministry of Public Health. The effects of the new DWTP and fecal contamination levels on infections were tested using logistic and Poisson models.ResultsPerceptions of water quality and household practices influenced exposures to contaminated tap water. We found minimal change in drinking water sources with 85% of mothers sampled before the DWTP and 83% sampled after using bottled water, while >85% from the pooled sample used tap water for cooking and hygiene practices. The DWTP opening was associated with lower odds of fecal contamination in tap water, reported urinary infections, and community level rates of urinary and gastrointestinal infections. The household practice of recently washing the cistern contributed to higher contamination levels after the DWTP opened.ConclusionsTo ensure access to clean water, public health works need to consider how household perceptions and practices influence tap water use and quality, in addition to infrastructure improvements. Exposures to contaminated tap water contribute to the burden of infectious disease in environments with inadequate water infrastructure.
C−H⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen‐Bond‐Assisted Carboxylate⋅⋅⋅Carboxylate Interactions in a Prevented Decarboxylation of N‐Acetate Isonicotinamide Betaine
Authors: Huang Jing‐Ting , Hsu Ching‐I , Wen Hsin‐Yi , Wang Yu‐Chieh , Shu Youn‐Yuen , Lee Kwang‐Ming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo acetic acid functionalized isonicotinamide (or 4‐carbamoyl‐1‐(carboxymethyl) pyridin‐1‐ium) salts with Br− and BPh4− anions have been prepared. The hydrophilic Br− and hydrophobic BPh4− anions result in two salts having different solubilities in water and acetone. Further recrystallizations of Br− and BPh4− salts from protic H2O/THF and aprotic acetone/ether solvents gave single crystals of a non‐decarboxylated zwitterion (a isonicotiamide betaine) and a decarboxylated isonicotiamides salt at room temperature respectively. A carboxylate−carboxylate dimer motif was observed in the zwitterion crystal structure. Theoretical calculations by using the PBE1PBE method at the cc‐pVDZ level indicate the carboxylate−carboxylate dimer motif was stabilized by the C−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonding assisted carbonyl⋅⋅⋅carbonyl interaction.
DNAzyme‐Mediated Genetically Encoded Sensors for Ratiometric Imaging of Metal Ions in Living Cells
Authors: Xiong Mengyi , Yang Zhenglin , Lake Ryan J. , Li Junjie , Hong Shanni , Fan Huanhuan , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Lu Yi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs) have been used for metal ion detection. However, their applications are restricted to a limited number of metal ions owing to the lack of available metal‐binding proteins or peptides that can be fused to FPs and the difficulty in transforming the binding of metal ions into a change of fluorescent signal. We report herein the use of Mg2+‐specific 10–23 or Zn2+‐specific 8–17 RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes to regulate the expression of FPs as a new class of ratiometric fluorescent sensors for metal ions. Specifically, we demonstrate the use of DNAzymes to suppress the expression of Clover2, a variant of the green FP (GFP), by cleaving the mRNA of Clover2, while the expression of Ruby2, a mutant of the red FP (RFP), is not affected. The Mg2+ or Zn2+ in HeLa cells can be detected using both confocal imaging and flow cytometry. Since a wide variety of metal‐specific DNAzymes can be obtained, this method can likely be applied to imaging many other metal ions, expanding the range of the current genetically encoded fluorescent protein‐based sensors.
Separation of Xe from Kr with Record Selectivity and Productivity in Anion‐Pillared Ultramicroporous Materials by Inverse Size‐Sieving
Authors: Wang Qingju , Ke Tian , Yang Lifeng , Zhang Zhaoqiang , Cui Xili , Bao Zongbi , Ren Qilong , Yang Qiwei , Xing Huabin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe separation of xenon/krypton (Xe/Kr) mixture is of great importance to industry, but the available porous materials allow the adsorption of both, Xe and Kr only with limited selectivity. Herein we report an anion‐pillared ultramicroporous material NbOFFIVE‐2‐Cu‐i (ZU‐62) with finely tuned pore aperture size and structure flexibility, which for the first time enables an inverse size‐sieving effect in separation along with record Xe/Kr selectivity and ultrahigh Xe capacity. Evidenced by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, the rotation of anions and pyridine rings upon contact of larger‐size Xe atoms adapts cavities to the shape/size of Xe and allows strong host‐Xe interaction, while the smaller‐size Kr is excluded. Breakthrough experiments confirmed that ZU‐62 has a real practical potential for producing high‐purity Kr and Xe from air‐separation byproducts, showing record Kr productivity (206 mL g−1) and Xe productivity (42 mL g−1, in desorption) as well as good recyclability.
Eine auf dem Benzophenongerüst basierende Strategie für die Photoschützung der N7‐Position des Guanosins
Authors: Anhäuser Lea , Klöcker Nils , Muttach Fabian , Mäsing Florian , Špaček Petr , Studer Armido , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDie selektive Modifikation von Nukleobasen mit lichtempfindlichen Schutzgruppen erlaubt es, Prozesse und Wechselwirkungen von Nukleinsäuren zu untersuchen und zu kontrollieren. Zahlreiche Positionen von Nukleobasen wurden bereits geschützt, allerdings wurde stets Wasserstoff durch eine Photoschutzgruppe ersetzt. Die Natur nutzt aber auch explizit die Methylierung von Ringstickstoffatomen wie m7G und m1A, um elektronische Struktur und Eigenschaften der RNA zu verändern und biomolekulare Wechselwirkungen zu steuern, die für Translation und RNA‐Abbau unerlässlich sind. Wir berichten, dass Arylketone wie Benzophenon und α‐Hydroxyalkylketon lichtempfindliche Schutzgruppen für die N7‐Position des Guanosins oder die N1‐Position des Adenosins sind. Gängige, auf ortho‐Nitrobenzyl basierende Photoschutzgruppen waren für diese Positionen hingegen nicht geeignet. Chemische und enzymatische Methoden zur ortsspezifischen Modifikation von N7G in Nukleosiden, Dinukleotiden und RNA wurden entwickelt, um die molekularen Wechselwirkungen von m7G und m1A mit räumlich‐zeitlicher Kontrolle zu untersuchen.
Molecule‐Induced Radical Formation (MIRF) Reactions—A Reappraisal
Authors: Sandhiya Lakshmanan , Jangra Harish , Zipse Hendrik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRadical chain reactions are commonly initiated through the thermal or photochemical activation of purpose‐built initiators, through photochemical activation of substrates, or through well‐designed redox processes. Where radicals come from in the absence of these initiation strategies is much less obvious and are often assumed to derive from unknown impurities. In this situation, molecule‐induced radical formation (MIRF) reactions should be considered as well‐defined alternative initiation modes. In the most general definition of MIRF reactions, two closed‐shell molecules react to give a radical pair or biradical. The exact nature of this transformation depends on the σ‐ or π‐bonds involved in the MIRF process, and this Minireview specifically focuses on reactions that transform two σ‐bonds into two radicals and a closed‐shell product molecule.