bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between poverty indicators and material hardship in South Korea
Authors: Weon Soyoon , Rothwell David W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe construct of material hardship has been introduced to broaden the understanding of living conditions beyond household income. However, much remains unclear about how much variation in material hardship can be explained by income and other economic indicators such as asset holdings. To get advance knowledge on these related but distinct relationships, using the Korean Welfare Panel Study we tested the association between material hardship and three poverty indicators (joint income‐asset, asset‐only, and income‐only). For income poverty and asset poverty, we found a statistically significant association between a household’s poverty condition and material hardship. The joint income‐asset poor were most likely to experience hardship (with respect to food, utility, and health). In addition, householders who rented rather than owned their own home, and householders whose heads were younger, single, less‐educated, and only temporarily employed suffered more hardship than their counterparts. Future longitudinal research that identifies the casual relationships between poverty and hardship is needed.Key Practitioner Message: •Considering only overall hardship may mask within‐group differences in living conditions; thus, practitioners may gain greater insight into client populations by assessing various types of hardships such as food, utility, and health; •Because the asset‐only poor suffer from hardship despite their above‐poverty‐level income, the asset poverty‐related programs should be more responsive to the problems of the asset poor; •Based on our findings showing that the income‐only poor, especially the relatively older age group, suffers from difficulties in cash flow despite their high homeownership rate, policies are needed to help older homeowners leverage their home equity or other real estate to alleviate their financial difficulties.
Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation: International consensus guidelines update
Authors: Kim Paul J. , Attinger Christopher E. , Constantine Thomas , Crist Brett D. , Faust Elizabeth , Hirche Christoph R. , Lavery Lawrence A. , Messina Valerie J. , Ohura Norihiko , Punch Laurie J. , Wirth Garrett A. , Younis Ibby , Téot Luc 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe use of negative pressure wound therapy with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi‐d) has gained wider adoption and interest due in part to the increasing complexity of wounds and patient conditions. Best practices for the use of NPWTi‐d have shifted in recent years based on a growing body of evidence and expanded worldwide experience with the technology. To better guide the use of NPWTi‐d with all dressing and setting configurations, as well as solutions, there is a need to publish updated international consensus guidelines, which were last produced over 6 years ago. An international, multidisciplinary expert panel of clinicians was convened on 22 to 23 February 2019, to assist in developing current recommendations for best practices of the use of NPWTi‐d. Principal aims of the meeting were to update recommendations based on panel members' experience and published results regarding topics such as appropriate application settings, topical wound solution selection, and wound and patient characteristics for the use of NPWTi‐d with various dressing types. The final consensus recommendations were derived based on greater than 80% agreement among the panellists. The guidelines in this publication represent further refinement of the recommended parameters originally established for the use of NPWTi‐d. The authors thank Karen Beach and Ricardo Martinez for their assistance with manuscript preparation.
Strengthening boron carbide through lithium dopant
Authors: He Yi , Shen Yidi , Tang Bin , An Qi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe high strength of boron carbide (B4C) is essential in its engineering applications such as wear‐resistance and body armors. Here, by employing density functional theory simulations, we demonstrated that the strength of B4C can be enhanced by doping lithium to boron‐rich boron carbide (B13C2) to form r‐LiB13C2. The bonding analysis on r‐LiB13C2 indicates that the electron counting rule (or Wade's rule) is satisfied in r‐LiB13C2 whose formula can be written as r‐Li+(B12)2‐(CB+C). The shear deformation on r‐LiB13C2 indicates that its ideal shear strength is larger than that of B4C because of the existing of Li dopant. The failure process of r‐LiB13C2 under ideal shear deformation initiates from breaking the icosahedral‐icosahedral B‐B bonds. Then these B atoms react with the middle B in the C‐B‐C chain, resulting in the disintegration of icosahedral clusters and brittle failure. More interesting, the nanotwinned r‐LiB13C2 is even stronger than r‐LiB13C2 because of the directional nature of covalent bonding at the twin boundaries. This suggests that the nanotwinned r‐LiB13C2 has a significant enhanced strength compared to B4C. Our simulation results illustrate the deformation mechanism of Li‐doped boron carbide and its nanotwinned microstructure. We proposed to improve the strength of boron carbide by doping Li into B13C2 and increasing its twin densities.
Genetic risk scores to predict the prognosis of chronic heart failure patients in Chinese Han
Authors: Li Shiyang , Sun Yang , Hu Senlin , Hu Dong , Li Chenze , Xiao Lei , Chen Yanghui , Li Huihui , Cui Guanglin , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChronic heart failure (CHF) has poor prognosis and polygenic heritability, and the genetic risk score (GRS) to predict CHF outcome has not yet been researched comprehensively. In this study, we sought to establish GRS to predict the outcomes of CHF. We re‐analysed the proteomics data of failing human heart and combined them to filter the data of high‐throughput sequencing in 1000 Chinese CHF cohort. Cox hazards models were used based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to estimate the association of GRS with the prognosis of CHF, and to analyse the difference between individual SNPs and tertiles of genetic risk. In the cohort study, GRS encompassing eight SNPs harboured in seven genes were significantly associated with the prognosis of CHF (P = 2.19 × 10−10 after adjustment). GRS was used in stratifying individuals into significantly different CHF risk, with those in the top tertiles of GRS distribution having HR of 3.68 (95% CI: 2.40‐5.65 P = 2.47 × 10−10) compared with those in the bottom. We developed GRS and demonstrated its association with first event of heart failure endpoint. GRS might be used to stratify individuals for CHF prognostic risk and to predict the outcomes of genomic screening as a complement to conventional risk and NT‐proBNP.
Exosomes from human urine‐derived stem cells enhanced neurogenesis via miR‐26a/HDAC6 axis after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Ling Xiaozheng , Zhang Guowei , Xia Yuguo , Zhu Qingwei , Zhang Juntao , Li Qing , Niu Xin , Hu Guowen , Yang Yunlong , Wang Yang , Deng Zhifeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEndogenous neurogenesis holds promise for brain repair and long‐term functional recovery after ischaemic stroke. However, the effects of exosomes from human urine‐derived stem cells (USC‐Exos) in neurogenesis remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether USC‐Exos enhanced neurogenesis and promoted functional recovery in brain ischaemia. By using an experimental stroke rat model, we found that intravenous injection of USC‐Exos enhanced neurogenesis and alleviated neurological deficits in post‐ischaemic stroke rats. We used neural stem cells (NSCs) subjected to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) as an in vitro model of ischaemic stroke. The in vitro results suggested that USC‐Exos promoted both proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs after OGD/R. Notably, a further mechanism study revealed that the pro‐neurogenesis effects of USC‐Exos may be partially attributed to histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibition via the transfer of exosomal microRNA‐26a (miR‐26a). Taken together, this study indicates that USC‐Exos can be used as a novel promising strategy for brain ischaemia, which highlights the application of USC‐Exos.
Procalcitonin utilization in the real world: An observational study of antibiotic prescribing practices
Authors: Choi Justin J. , Cornelius‐Schecter Anna , Hayden Joshua A. , Jannat‐Khah Deanna Pereira , O’Connell Alexander , Baduashvili Amiran , Lee Jennifer , McCarthy Matthew W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to better understand and describe antibiotic prescribing practices and adherence to a procalcitonin (PCT)‐guided algorithm in patients undergoing serum PCT testing in adult hospitalized patients.MethodsWe performed an observational, retrospective study of 201 randomly selected patients who are aged ≥18 years, admitted to the general medicine floors or step‐down unit between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017, and had serum PCT testing. Physician adherence to a PCT‐guided algorithm was assessed through chart review.ResultsWe found an overall adherence of 64.7%. Adherence was highest for PCT values above 0.25 ng/mL (82.8% for 0.25‐0.50 ng/mL and 83.6% for >0.50 ng/mL). Adherence was lower for PCT values less than 0.25 ng/mL (59% for <0.1 ng/mL and 38% for 0.1‐0.24 ng/mL). Serial testing was performed in 10% of patients.ConclusionsHospital‐based providers are more likely to overrule the algorithm and either initiate or continue antibiotics when guidelines encourage discontinuing antibiotics. These findings have important implications for antimicrobial stewardship and patient care and suggest that hospital‐based providers may benefit from targeted didactics regarding the interpretation of the serum PCT assay.
Endocranial morphology of the Brazilian Permian dicynodont Rastodon procurvidens (Therapsida: Anomodontia)
Authors: de Simão‐Oliveira Daniel , Kerber Leonardo , L. Pinheiro Felipe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDicynodontia is a major clade of terrestrial tetrapods that greatly diversified during the Permian and Triassic periods, reaching a worldwide distribution. In this study, the endocranial cavity of the Brazilian Permian dicynodont Rastodon procurvidens is described based on a digital endocast obtained using digital imaging (X‐ray computed tomography) and 3D modeling. It was possible to reconstruct the brain, olfactory bulbs, inner ear, some neurovascular canals, cranial nerves, the nasal cavity, and the maxillary recesses. The endocast of R. procurvidens preserves a typical plesiomorphic morphology of non‐mammaliaform therapsids, being predominantly tubular and displaying a relatively short and robust hindbrain. Encephalization quotients (EQs) were calculated for R. procurvidens, resulting in EQs of 0.09 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.05 (Jerison’s EQ and Manger’s EQ, respectively). Finally, some biological implications of the endocast morphology were inferred for R. procurvidens. Its inner ear is especially small, and its orientation implies a slightly downturned head posture in life. Furthermore, the presence of uncompressed maxillary recesses in R. procurvidens indicates a correlation between the enlargement of the recesses and the reduction of the tusks, also seen in other dicynodonts with reduced tusks.
Phytochemical profile and protective effect of Ocimum basilicum aqueous extract in doxorubicin/irradiation-induced testicular injury
Authors: Ibrahim Rasha Y M , Mansour Suzan M , Elkady Wafaa M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy usually associated with various comorbidities especially on rapidly proliferating cells as testis. This study aimed to characterize main constituents of Ocimum basilicum L. (OB) aqueous extract and examine its protective effect on doxorubicin/irradiation (DOXO/IR)-induced testicular injury in rats.

Methods
Spectrophotometric analysis showed considerable amount of polyphenolic (146.31 µg/mg) and flavonoid contents (28.63 µg/mg); UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that the major flavonoid was apigenin-O-glucoside (7.53%) followed by luteolin (5.94%), while rosmarinic acid was the major polyphenolic (15.76%) followed by caftaric acid (9.39%); rutin and querctin were also present and were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Administration of OB extract (200 mg/kg per day; p.o.) to DOXO/IR rats resulted in marked improvement of associated testicular damage.

Key findings
Ocimum basilicum L. significantly decreased testicular levels of nuclear factor-kappa B and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2)-associated protein X, along with caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining. In addition, OB elevated testicular total antioxidant capacity, nuclear erythroid-related factor-2, Bcl2 and testosterone contents and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining. Such changes were also accompanied by restoration of testicular architecture.

Conclusions
The study highlights the protective role of OB aqueous extract in hampering most of the harmful chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced outcomes via its antioxidant, antiapoptotic and cell regeneration abilities. Such findings may offer an incentive in expanding its use during chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Length–weight relationships of five catfish species (Siluriformes) from the Ganga River, India
Authors: Gupta Deepmala , Dwivedi Arvind Kumar , Tripathi Madhu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKnowledge of the length–weight relationships (LWRs) of fish is an important tool to understand fish body form, growth pattern, stock management and their conservation. The present study focused on investigating the length–weight relationships for five catfish species, Pachypterus atherinoides (Bloch, 1794), belonging to family Horabagridae; Batasio batasio (Hamilton, 1822) family Bagridae; Bagarius yarrelli (Sykes, 1839), family Gogangra viridescens (Hamilton, 1822); and Sisor rhabdophorus (Hamilton, 1822) belonging to family Sisoridae. Specimens were collected from the middle stretch of the Ganga River in India from November 2016 to May 2018. A total of 174 specimens of five fish species were collected, and their total lengths were measured to the nearest centimetre and the body weight to the nearest gram. The value of the parameter slope (b) of LWRs of the five species ranged from 2.86 (B. yarrelli) to 3.16 (G. viridescens), with a mean value of 2.99. The results of the present study documented the new maximum total length (TL) for P. atherinoides and S. rhabdophorus. The present study also provides the first reference regarding LWRs for S. rhabdophorus.
The Mark of Cain: Sovereign Negation and the Politics of God
Authors: Smith Ted A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHannah Arendt calls for the “abolition of sovereignty from the body politic.” In this article I affirm some key elements of Arendt’s critique, arguing against versions of Christian ethics that try to deploy divine authorization for particular policies, institutions, goals, or virtues. But I also argue that the attempt to abolish sovereignty allows the political process itself to become a sovereign good and erodes the forms of life that can sustain the kind of vision and politics that Arendt desires. The better alternative to the usual politics of sovereignty is not the absence of sovereignty, but a changed – and negative – conception of the relationship of sovereign power to the political order. In developing this argument I contend with Arendt’s reading of Herman Melville’s Billy Budd and, behind that, her reading of the biblical story of Cain and Abel. I argue that the city of Cain is made possible not by Cain’s murder of his brother, but by the mark with which God negates the legitimacy of both the murder and the violence to avenge the murder. Sovereign negation makes the polis possible.
METALWORKING TECHNIQUES ON THE EURASIAN STEPPES IN THE LATE BRONZE AGE: TECHNICAL ANALYSES OF THE BORODINO TREASURE SPEARHEADS
Authors: Shishlina Natalia , Loboda Anastasia 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe Late Bronze Age is a period characterized by chariots and riders, spearheads, bows and battle axes. Such are the assemblages of grave goods attributed to the Seima‐Turbino, Timber‐grave, Abashevo, Sintashta, Pokrovsk and other cultures of the Eurasian forest‐steppe and steppe belt. Although hoard deposits are comparatively rare in this context, this category of finds has also provided some extraordinary examples of metalwork. This paper reports on the analysis of three such artefacts, namely the gold‐ornamented silver‐alloy spearheads from the ‘treasure’ recovered near Borodino in Ukraine at the beginning of the twentieth century. The high‐ resolution technological study of these items presented here includes experimental research to produce similar decorative patterns and a comparison of the resulting traces and imprints with the original archaeological artefacts. The results help to identify use‐wear traces and reveal new information about casting and crafting techniques, tool sets and individual technical styles. Although the spearheads share some basic decorative features such as a gold plate attached to the silver, variations in the tools used and the technical repertoire – chasing, punching, and cutting – suggest that the spearheads were decorated by different hands. The study inevitably leaves many questions about the ‘life history’ for these objects unanswered, but takes the first steps towards a more complete understanding of this remarkable assemblage.
Appropriations of a political machine: Translations of Pierre Le Moyne's Gallerie des femmes fortes (1647)
Authors: Conroy Derval 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article examines the published translations into Italian (1701) and Spanish (1702) of Pierre Le Moyne's Gallerie des femmes fortes (1647). Through an analysis of a number of peritexts, rather than the text itself, it aims to examine how Le Moyne's Gallerie, a volume fundamentally rooted in the political, ideological and aesthetic climate of 1647 France, was appropriated in other socio‐cultural and political climates. Freed from its original moment of creation and, to a lesser degree, from its creator, the book becomes a changing entity to be shaped at will by a new creator or creators, within a new set of sociocultural parameters. Analysis of the prologues, in particular, of translators Laura Maria Foschiera and Fernando Bravo de Lagunas y Bedoya, throws light on their respective socio‐cultural contexts and intended readerships, and highlights the importance of peritexts in shaping the book‐as‐object and its reception. Of particular interest is the Lima translation (1702) largely believed to have been lost up until now.
Clusters of health behaviours and their relation to body mass index among adolescents in Northern Finland
Authors: Marttila‐Tornio Kaisa , Ruotsalainen Heidi , Miettunen Jouko , Männikkö Niko , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: October 2019

AimsTo identify clusters of health behaviours among Finnish adolescents and examine whether these clusters are associated with body mass index (BMI).MethodsThe data, drawn from the prospective population‐based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986, comprised a total of 7182 adolescents who replied to a follow‐up postal questionnaire at the age 15 to 16. The adolescents were asked about multiple health behaviours, such as physical activity, screen time, cigarette smoking, alcohol use and diet. Adolescents who answered the questions concerning all of these variables were included in the study, yielding a final sample of 4305 subjects. K‐means cluster analysis was performed to identify group of adolescents with similar health behaviours. Chi‐squared tests were performed to analyse the association between the clusters and BMI.ResultsTwo clusters – Healthy Lifestyle and Unhealthy Lifestyle – were identified for both genders. The values of all the studied variables differed significantly between the clusters identified for both boys and girls. No significant relationship between the identified clusters and BMI was found for either boys or girls.ConclusionsIt is important to consider multiple lifestyle‐related behaviours and trying to identify groups that present probability for developing lifestyle diseases.
Anchored hybrid enrichment challenges the traditional classification of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Buenaventura Eliana , Szpila Krzysztof , Cassel Brian K. , Wiegmann Brian M. , Pape Thomas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSarcophagidae is one of the most species‐rich families within the superfamily Oestroidea. This diversity is usually represented by three lineages: Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae and Sarcophaginae. Historically, the phylogenetic relationships among these lineages have been elusive, due to poorly supported hypotheses or small taxon sets, or both. This study provides a dramatic increase in molecular data, more balanced sampling of all three lineages from all biogeographical regions and a reassessment of morphological characters using scanning electron microscopy in the most comprehensive assessment of subfamily‐level phylogeny in Sarcophagidae to date. This analysis of the largest molecular dataset ever produced for a phylogenetic analysis of a fly lineage, with 950 loci from anchored hybrid enrichment comprising 435 930 bp from 101 species, revealed Paramacronychiinae as sister to Miltogramminae, not to Sarcophaginae, as suggested by adult morphology. Maximum likelihood analysis produced a well‐supported topology, with 91% of the nodes receiving strong bootstrap proportions (> 97%). In contrast to the molecular data, three out of nine morphological characters studied point to a sister‐group relationship of (Sarcophaginae + Paramacronychiinae) and the remaining six characters are either silent on subfamily relationships or in need of further study. Re‐examination of morphological structures provides new insights into the evolution of male genitalic traits within Sarcophagidae and highlights their convergence producing conflicting phylogenetic signal. Our phylogeny reconciles older and widely used systems of classification with tree‐based thinking and sets up a classification of flesh flies that is more aligned with their evolutionary history.
The Limits of Bayesian Thinking in Court
Authors: Meester Ronald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe comment on the contributions of Dahlman and of Fenton et al., who both suggested a Bayesian approach to analyze the Simonshaven case. We argue that analyzing a full case with a Bayesian approach is not feasible, and that there are serious problems with assigning actual numbers to probabilities and priors. We also discuss the nature of Bayesian thinking in court, and the nature and interpretation of the likelihood ratio. In particular, we discuss what it could mean that a likelihood ratio is in some sense uncertain.