bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Exploration of Hydrocarbons and Mining & Energy Resources Using Non-Seismic Methods - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology
Authors: Zamora Santacruz Mario Fernando , RUIZ Mario , OSORNO Jose 
Published: December 2020

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-based technology is a geophysical method used in the exploration of hydrocarbons and other mineral resources, by studying electromagnetic signals from natural sources. The foregoing method has three phases: the first phase encompasses the identification of areas where hydrocarbons or other minerals are present at a regional level, using remote sensors; the anomalies identified are studied in detail in the second phase, during which the passive acquisition of electromagnetic signals on the surface with under 30m spacing be- tween points allows demarcating the areas with the highest and lowest intensity, to finally obtain stratigraphic columns at points selected after measuring the basic parameters using Vertical Probing with Electro – Resonance.
The study conducted for Agencia Nacional De Hidrocarburos (ANH) evaluated a total of 1083 Km2 spread over five areas whose topography, climate and vegetation restricted the acquisition of geological and geophysical data with traditional methods. Two of the five polygons are located in the part of the Chocó basin called Ánimas (163 km2) and Istmina (344 km2) while Timbiquí (159 km2), Remolino (200 km2) and Guayacana (217 km2) are in the Tumaco basin. The results of the satellite stage included the identification of 178 km2 of liquid hydrocarbon type anomalies in the Choco basin and 22 km2 of gaseous hydrocarbon-type anomalies in the Tumaco basin. The anomaly located in Animas was chosen for the field stage. It was detailed by demarcating the areas with the highest and lowest intensity, in which vertical probing took place, allowing for the in-depth characterization of nine parameters (H2O, CaCO3, Si, C10 H22, CH4, C21H44, Clays, Albite, Anorthite) in up to 4,000 m, identifying intervals showing a significant presence of hydrocarbons at 3,280 ft, 6,950 ft and 12,210 ft with a 36 ft.-average thickness, and an estimated basement depth of 12,650 ft. The correlation with seismic data allowed confirming the results, thus proving that the use of non-seismic methods in exploration and prospection processes allow for a better understanding of petroleum systems, while reducing uncertainty and exploratory hazards
Symposium grafica 2020
Authors: Tena-Parera Daniel 
Published: December 2020

En esta editorial relatamos lo acontecido en el VI Symposium grafica que, debido a la presencia del COVID-19, se celebró a través de la plataforma digital Teams. Tres conferencias y más de 14 intervenciones entre ponencias y exposiciones permitieron experimentar con los instrumentos digitales y demostraron que lo importante es el interés en participar. Participación que no hubiera sido posible de no ser por un reducido grupo de personas que persiguen poner en común su contribución. Se cerró el Symposium grafica del 2020 y se anunció ya el 7º Symposium grafica.
Methane Emission Factor in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo According to Production Management
Authors: Ciriello Nunzia , Albano Lorenza , Auriemma Giuseppe , Palomba Raffaele , Grazioli Giuseppe , Sarubbi Fiorella 
Published: December 2020

The environmental impact of greenhouse gases caused by livestock farms plays a fundamental role due to the implications and environmental consequences that livestock practices entail, affecting the stability of the entire ecosystem connected to them, especially as a consequence of the growing demand for products of animal origin.
The aim of this work was to quantify the CH4 emissions factor in lactating buffaloes by comparing four different types of livestock management: family, conventional, organic and sustainable.
To determine the enteric CH4 emissions from buffalo, information about animal production and farm management was analyzed, and the CH4 emission factor was calculated using the IPCC Tier 2 model.
ANOVA was conducted to evaluate significant differences between the farms; Pearson’s correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between parameters.
In a conventional farm, the CH4 emission factor for buffalo was 27.69 kg CH4/head/yr compared to 22.77 and 21.61 kg CH4/head/yr respectively for organic and family-run. These data may also depend on the higher protein and fiber content in the administered unifeed. Furthermore, the ratio of enteric emissions factor of CH4 / gross energy intake ratio reflected these data (12.04 vs 10.93 vs 10.16 vs 10.65 for conventional, organic, sustainable, and family-run farms, respectively).
Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnant Women under Antenatal Care at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria and Association to Knowledge and Attitude on Anemia and Its Prevention
Authors: Awoyesuku P. A. , Ohaka C. , Ngeri B. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is an important public health problem worldwide. Despite the efforts of government and health bodies, maternal anemia continues to be a common cause of morbidity and mortality. This suggests that other factors contribute to the high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy despite the intervention efforts.
Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence and anemic status of pregnant women at booking, to assess their knowledge of anemia and attitude to anemia prevention measures. And to determine associated risk factors for anemia and if there is a correlation between anemic status and level of knowledge/attitude to anemia prevention
Methodology: An institutional-based, cross-sectional study was carried out. 322 consenting participants between 18-48 years were interviewed at booking using a structured questionnaire. Information on socio-demographic characteristics; their knowledge on causes, symptoms, prevention, and complications of anemia in pregnancy; and information on attitude towards anemia prevention strategies were collected. The PCV and HIV results of the women were retrieved. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Associations between different variables were determined using Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test, as appropriate, and logistic regression was used to test statistical significance at P<0.05.
Results: Their mean age±SD was 31.65±4.72 years and the median parity was 1.Of the 322 women, 194(60.2%) were anemic, with 186(57.8%) having mild anemia. There was no significant association between anemia and age, marital status, education, employment, parity, pregnancy interval and socio-economic status, but there was a significant association between gestational age and HIV status, with only gestational age remaining significant after logistic regression. The relationship between anemia and knowledge and attitude was not significant, but the higher educational status was significantly related to knowledge of anemia and its prevention.
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in this study was high. Despite good knowledge and attitude to anemia prevention, late booking for ANC caused a significant association with the occurrence of anemia. Efforts are needed to encourage early booking and early commencement of iron and folic acid supplements.
Stability of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients: a 3-year follow-up study
Authors: Dollfus S , Petit M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe course of negative and positive symptoms was studied in neuroleptic-treated patients over a 3-year period, in consideration also of the initial phase of illness (post-acute or chronic). This study was carried out in a broadly defined schizophrenic sample, in order not to give preference to one diagnostic subgroup over another. Forty-six patients were evaluated every year for 3 years, 23 in the post-acute group and 23 in the chronic group. Aggravations of the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and of the SANS total score were observed, regardless of the group (chronic or post-acute). This global aggravation confirmed Kraepelin's concept of dementia praecox; moreover, this aggravation was not due to an increase in the number of patients relapsing, or to an aggravation of akinesia. Three types of negative and positive symptom courses were observed: i) the mean sub-scores of positive symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, positive formal thought disorders, and of negative symptoms such as flattening affect, avolition/apathy and attentional impairment, did not vary significantly over time in either group; ii) the mean sub-scores of bizarre behavior and alogia fluctuated over time (p < 0.05) and only poverty of speech was perfectly stable among the items constituting alogia; iii) the mean subscores of anhedonia/asociality worsened significantly over time irrespective of the groups (p < 0.05), and among the items constituting anhedonia, recreational interest-activities and intimacy-closeness abilities worsened (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). This aggravation was neither due to an increase in neuroleptic doses nor to the duration and chronicity of illness. However, negative symptoms, except anhedonia, can be reversible in some patients. The very strong stability of anhedonia, whatever the group, emphasize the importance of taking anhedonia into account in future diagnostic classifications.
Depression, perceived parental rearing and self-acceptance
Authors: Richter J , Richter G , Eisemann M , Seering B , Bartsch M 
Published: July 2002

SummaryPsychoanalytical, behavioural and cognitive theories assume a continuous process in the development of self-acceptance as an important psychological variable by parent-child interaction during childhood and adolescence. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationships between perceived parental rearing behaviour and self-acceptance in psychiatric inpatients. The results of extreme group comparisons pointed to the reciprocal discriminative power of parental rearing factors and self-acceptance scores, supporting the hypothesis of a continuous process in the development of self-acceptance and mood traits. Perceived parental rearing predicted aspects of psychopathology in adulthood. The effects of maternal and paternal behaviour appeared to be gender-specific. Alternative interpretations of these findings are discussed.
Nigerian male sexual activity during pregnancy
Authors: Onah H.E. , Iloabachie G.C. , Obi S.N. , Ezugwu F.O. , Eze J.N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To determine the prevalence of extra‐marital sexual affairs as well as other aspects of male sexual behavior during pregnancy in Nigeria. Methods: A questionnaire survey of the husbands of consecutive women who delivered in three tertiary care centers in south‐eastern Nigeria within an 8‐week period. The data were analyzed by means of simple percentages and descriptive and inferential statistics, using t‐tests, chi‐square tests and regression equations at the 95% confidence level. Results: 279 (88.3%) of the 316 eligible husbands responded to the questionnaire. A total of 78 (28.0%) of the respondents engaged in extra‐marital sexual relationships during pregnancy. Of the respondents, 36.6% and 32.3% experienced a decrease in achievement of erection and orgasm, respectively. While libido decreased in 41.9%, coital frequency declined in 72.4% of the respondents. On univariate analysis, respondent's age ≥40 years, duration of marriage ≥5 years, having an extra‐marital sexual partner and beliefs that coitus during pregnancy should be less frequent or can cause miscarriage were significant predictors of reduced coital frequency while a belief that coitus enhances fetal well‐being was a significant predictor of increased coital frequency during pregnancy (P<0.05 for each variable). On multivariate logistic regression, three factors were statistically significant predictors of reduced coital frequency — age ≥40 years (OR=2.3; 95% C.I., 1.9–2.3) and beliefs that coitus during pregnancy can cause miscarriage (OR=1.9; 95% C.I., 1.5–2.3) and should be less frequent (OR=1.9; 95% C.I., 1.8–2.5). Conclusions: Personal beliefs significantly affect sexual relationships between Nigerian husbands and their pregnant wives, making approximately one‐third of husbands engage in extra‐marital relationships as a way to satisfy their unmet sexual need during pregnancy. There is a need to educate husbands and their pregnant wives on sexual matters during pregnancy.
The traditional birth attendant: a reality and a challenge
Authors: Kamal I.T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe traditional birth attendant (TBA) is an institution as old as the birthing process in the human species. Generally a female, in the absence of a better alternative, continues to deliver two thirds of the world's babies. A number of studies generated international interest in training TBAs. A review of TBA training and utilization programs in more than 70 countries over the past three decades revealed that there are very limited examples of their successful utilization. If unsupervised the TBA tends to slide back into her old ways and if unsupported she is rendered helpless when a killer strikes during child birth. The impact of trained TBAs on maternal mortality ratios is not palpable because of other factors such as accessibility of essential obstetric services. The challenge for the policy makers is to make the best use of this available human resource but simultaneously plan and implement a definite replacement strategy.
Swiss consensus guidelines for hysterectomy
Authors: Schilling J , Wyss P , Faisst K , Gutzwiller F , Haller U ,   Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Switzerland
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The quality of the indication for hysterectomy is widely discussed at present. In early 1996, the committee for quality assurance of the Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics decided to set up nationally accepted guidelines for the indication of hysterectomy. Methods: A modified Delphi approach was used. In a first step, general guidelines and actions prior to hysterectomy were defined. An expert panel of 17 Swiss gynecologists rated 74 frequent indications, twice for appropriateness (more benefits than risks for the patient), once for necessity (n=34; procedure has to be offered or discussed with the patient), and outlined suggestions to be performed prior to hysterectomy. Results: In a home rating round before the first panel met, there was an agreement rate of 48%. In 45% we observed neither agreement nor disagreement; in 7% we found disagreement. After the panel discussion 89% of experts agreed, 11% were indeterminate, and there was no disagreement. The necessity ratings showed agreement in 68% while 32% were indeterminate. The average median rating on a 1–9 point scale (1=extremely inappropriate, 9=extremely appropriate or necessary) was 5.4 over all single indications for appropriateness and 7.8 in single indications for necessity. After a second panel for consensus all panelists agreed on both appropriateness and necessity. Conclusion: The results of the appropriateness and necessity consensus presented in this paper reflect the findings of a 17 member Swiss panel. This joint effort by a medical society may be a step towards the direction of a peer controlled healthcare system.
Change drivers in the new millennium: implications for manufacturing strategy research
Authors: St. John Caron H , Cannon Alan R , Pouder Richard W 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDrawing on multiple sources, we identify technological, global and workforce trends that will affect the formulation and implementation of manufacturing strategy in the next decade. We then describe several theories from economics, sociology, and psychology and show how they can be used to enrich our interpretations of the effects of these trends. Throughout, we offer suggestions for future research in manufacturing strategy.
Toward a measure of competitive priorities for purchasing
Authors: Krause Daniel R , Pagell Mark , Curkovic Sime 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a set of measures of purchasing’s competitive priorities. We maintain that purchasing is a strategic contributor to the firm, and that the selection and retention of external suppliers is a fundamental and strategic purchasing task that manifests the function’s competitive priorities. Researchers and managers increasingly view the operations and purchasing functions as intimately linked, and as playing important roles in supply chain management. Ultimately, the performance of the operations management system, measured in terms of quality, cost, delivery and flexibility, depends on inputs secured by the purchasing function from the firm’s suppliers. However, in a search for substantive relationships, the purchasing literature has largely overlooked methodological issues such as measurement. Using empirical data collected from North American purchasing executives, a confirmatory factor analysis provides evidence that purchasing’s competitive priorities may be conceptualized similarly to the competitive priorities in operations, with key differences. The measures satisfy key measurement criteria including unidimensionality, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability. Five competitive priorities form the basis of a multidimensional measure of purchasing’s competitive priorities, the individual factors of which will allow for the examination of linkages between purchasing, operations and other parts of the supply chain.
Stages of global sourcing strategy evolution: an exploratory study
Authors: Bozarth Cecil , Handfield Robert , Das Ajay 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper analyzes the interrelationships between international sourcing decisions, sourcing strategies, and supplier performance. We first discuss the effect of global competition on the need for firms to seek international suppliers, and present a number of taxonomies that describe the evolution of global supply base development. The deployment of different commodity strategies (e.g., information sharing, single vs. multiple sourcing, contracts, and partnering) in conjunction with international sourcing is also reviewed. In the second half of the paper, we examine a set of international sourcing practices from a sample of 55 US manufacturing firms. Results suggest that US purchasing professionals are not spending as much time managing the ongoing buyer–supplier relationship as they are making the initial purchasing decision. This gap between ‘prescription’ and ‘practice’ represents both a competitive opportunity and threat for manufacturers.
Strategic consensus in operations strategy
Authors: Boyer Kenneth K , McDermott Christopher 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMany companies' operations strategies resemble roadmaps: they are very detailed, yet poorly communicated across the organization and inflexible in reacting to environmental changes. In contrast, an operations strategy which is clearly outlined, widely understood and allows flexibility to adapt to changes in the environment more closely resembles a compass. For a strategy to be effective it must not only be appropriate (i.e., be well‐fitted to its competitive environment) but it also must be communicated and widely understood throughout the organization. This research examines the theoretical arguments regarding why such strategic consensus is important and presents an exploratory analysis of data from seven manufacturing plants. One of the weaknesses of the extant literature on operations strategy is that the majority of studies rely on responses provided by a single informant per company. This study employs a combination of survey and case study methods to gather data from seven manufacturing plants within the metalworking industry. The results of the study suggest that there are strategic areas where there is substantial disagreement between levels of the firm. Across the sample, operators tended to rate investments in technology disproportionately higher than managers. In addition to this systematic variation, individual case studies revealed that operators and managers in some firms exhibited significant inconsistencies in their manufacturing priorities, indicating a lack of strategic consensus. Furthermore, the methodology employed in this study illustrates one approach to obtaining more holistic, multiple respondent research on operations strategy.
The economics of yield‐driven processes
Authors: Bohn Roger E. , Terwiesch Christian 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe economic performance of many modern production processes is substantially influenced by process yields. Their first effect is on product cost — in some cases, low‐yields can cause costs to double or worse. Yet measuring only costs can substantially underestimate the importance of yield improvement. We show that yields are especially important in periods of constrained capacity, such as new product ramp‐up. Our analysis is illustrated with numerical examples taken from hard disk drive manufacturing. A three percentage point increase in yields can be worth about 6% of gross revenue and 17% of contribution. In fact, an eight percentage point improvement in process yields can outweigh a US$20/h increase in direct labor wages. Therefore, yields, in addition to or instead of labor costs, should be a focus of attention when making decisions such as new factory siting and type of automation. The paper also provides rules for when to rework, and shows that cost minimization logic can again give wrong answers.
Effect of force direction on femoral fracture load for two types of loading conditions
Authors: Keyak Joyce H. , Skinner Harry B. , Fleming Judith A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIdentifying the loading conditions under which the femur is most likely to fracture may aid the prevention of hip fracture. This study quantified the effect of force direction on fracture load, a factor inherently associated with fracture risk. Finite element (FE) models of four femora were used to determine the force directions associated with the lowest fracture loads. Force directions were varied three‐dimensionally for two types of loading, one representing impact from a fall and one similar to joint loading during daily activities (atraumatic loading). For the fall configuration, the force direction with lowest fracture load corresponded to an impact onto the posterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter. For atraumatic loading, the lowest fracture loads for the force directions analyzed occurred when posterior force components were relatively large or when posterior and lateral components were both small, similar to conditions while standing on one leg or climbing stairs. When both fall and atraumatic configurations are considered, the type of loading associated with greatest fracture risk, i.e., with the greatest applied force and lowest fracture load, is impact from a fall onto the posterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter. Therefore, evaluation of hip fracture risk and development of fracture prevention technologies should focus on this high‐risk loading condition. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Suicide Assessment Scale: an instrument assessing suicide risk of suicide attempters
Authors: Niméus A , Alsén M , Träskman-Bendz L 
Published: July 2002

The Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS), a scale constructed to measure suicidality over time, was administered to 191 suicide attempters. Its predictive validity was tested.SUAS ratings were compared to ratings from other scales, and related to age and psychiatric diagnoses including co-morbidity. Eight patients committed suicide within 12 months after the SUAS assessment. Apart from advanced age, high scores in the SUAS were significant predictors of suicide. From a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we identified cutoff SUAS scores which alone and in combination with certain diagnostic and demographic factors are of apparent value in the clinical evaluation of suicide risk after a suicide attempt.