bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Leadership Mentoring Community: building capacity across seven global regions
Authors: Rosser E. , Buckner E. , Avedissian T. , Cheung D.S.K. , Eviza K. , Hafsteinsdóttir T. B. , Hsu M.Y. , Kirshbaum M. N. , Lai C. , Ng Y.C. , Ramsbotham J. , Waweru S. 
Published: September 2020

AimThe purpose of this paper is to report on the evaluation of the online Global Leadership Mentoring Community, a programme designed to build relationships across seven global regions and promote leadership development for emerging nurse leaders.BackgroundThere is a pressing need and opportunity for sustainable global leadership mentoring programmes. This programme of Sigma Theta Tau International (Sigma) brought mentors and mentees together from across the world to build leadership capacity, understand global leadership issues and build networks. Community coordinators purposively selected mentors from each of Sigma’s seven Global Regions, and mentees were chosen through a process of snowball sampling. Mentors and mentees met monthly with quarterly group calls.MethodsThe study followed a programme evaluation, outcomes‐focused approach. All eleven pairs of mentors‐mentees were invited to complete online surveys at the outset and end of programme capturing both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and for qualitative data, a thematic analysis.FindingsQuantitative data confirmed that all 22 participants gained from the experience. From qualitative analysis, themes emerged illustrating the scope of achievements: 1. facilitation of successful outcomes for both mentors and mentees, 2. challenges of global mentoring and 3. strategies for successful global mentoring.Discussion/ConclusionParticipants reported that creating global leadership is a longitudinal process that needs sustained attention to effect change. This evaluation identified many strengths of the programme and recommended its continuation to help further development of global leaders, particularly through focusing more purposefully on policy issues.Implications for Nursing PolicyEmpowerment of nurses globally through a Global Leadership Mentoring Community can improve leadership at all levels, thus emboldening their voices to influence nursing and health policy and ultimately improve patient care.
Synergy between surface mechanochemistry and subsurface dissolution on wear of soda lime silica glass in basic solution
Authors: He Hongtu , Qiao Qian , Yu Jiaxin , Kim Seong H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe polishing of oxide glass in aqueous solution is sensitive to not only the mechanical conditions applied by abrasives but also the chemistry of solution. This study elucidates the synergistic interactions of mechanical and chemical effects—especially, the synergetic effects of surface mechanochemical wear and subsurface dissolution are studied by measuring the material removal rate of soda lime silica (SLS) glass upon rubbing with a Pyrex glass ball in noncorrosive (neutral pH) in corrosive solutions (pH 10 and 13 NaOH) as a function of sliding speed. Based on the synergetic model of surface wear and subsurface dissolution, it is found that the mechanochemical surface reaction dominates the wear behavior of SLS glass in neutral and pH 10 solution conditions; the wear of SLS glass in pH 10 is enhanced, compared to the neutral pH case, due to the presence of OH‐ ions at the sliding interface. In the case of pH 13, the dissolution of the densified subsurface region, which is formed due to interfacial friction during the surface wear, becomes significant, further enhancing the material removal yield. The finding provides an insight for designing an efficient polishing process in manufacturing of oxide glass materials with a good surface finish.
Effects of Al:Si and (Al + Na):Si ratios on the properties of the international simple glass, part I: Physical properties
Authors: Reiser Joelle T. , Lu Xiaonan , Parruzot Benjamin , Liu Hongshen , Subramani Tamilarasan , Kaya Huseyin , Kissinger Ryan M. , Crum Jarrod V. , Ryan Joseph V. , Navrotsky Alexandra , Kim Seong H. , Vienna John D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding composition‐structure‐property relationships of high‐alumina nuclear waste glasses are important for vitrification of nuclear waste at the Hanford Site. Two series of glasses were designed, one with varying Al:Si ratios and the other with (Al + Na):Si ratios based on the international simple glass (ISG, a simplified nuclear waste model glass), with Al2O3 ranging from 0 to 23 mol% (0 to 32 wt%). The glasses were synthesized and characterized using electron probe microanalysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, small angle X‐ray scattering, high‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. Glasses were crystal free, and the lowest Na2O and Al2O3 glass formed an immiscible glass phase. Evolution of various properties—glass‐transition temperature, percentage of 4‐coordinated B, enthalpy of glass formation—and infrared spectroscopy results indicate that structural effects differ based on the glass series.
Frequency of consumption of balanced meals, bodyweight gain and incident risk of glucose intolerance in Japanese men and women: A cohort study
Authors: Sakurai Masaru , Ishizaki Masao , Morikawa Yuko , Kido Teruhiko , Naruse Yuchi , Nakashima Yuki , Okamoto Chiaki , Nogawa Kazuhiro , Watanabe Yuuka , Suwazono Yasushi , Hozawa Atsushi , Yoshita Katsushi , Nakagawa Hideaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis cohort study assessed the risk for bodyweight gain and development of glucose intolerance based on the frequency of consumption of balanced meals including grain, fish or meat and vegetables.Materials and MethodsThe participants (8,573 men, 3,327 women) were employees of a company in Japan. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the frequency of balanced meal consumption. Bodyweight changes and the incidence of glucose intolerance (glycated hemoglobin >6.0%) during the 3‐year follow‐up period were determined through annual health examinations.ResultsThe mean bodyweight change over a period of 3 years was 0.78 kg for men and 0.84 kg for women. A lower frequency of balanced meals was associated with a higher bodyweight gain for men (P for trend = 0.004), but not for women. During the study, 464 men and 115 women developed glucose intolerance. Overall, the frequency of balanced meals was not associated with the risk of glucose intolerance in either sex. However, the interaction between the frequency of balanced meals and degree of obesity had a significant effect on the incidence of glucose intolerance in men (P = 0.005), with less frequent consumption of balanced meals being associated with a higher risk for glucose intolerance among men with a BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2 (P for trend = 0.007).ConclusionsA higher frequency of balanced meals, including grain, fish or meat and vegetable dishes – important components of healthy Japanese food – was associated with a lower risk of glucose intolerance in obese men, but not in non‐obese men and women.
In‐depth prospection of Avène Thermal Spring Water reveals an uncommon and stable microbial community
Authors: Bourrain M. , Suzuki M.T. , Calvez A. , West N.J. , Lions J. , Lebaron P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAvène Thermal Spring Water (TSW) exhibits therapeutic properties in the treatment of skin pathologies. Arising from a dolomitic aquifer system, its physico‐chemical properties are well‐established and its bacteriological quality regularly monitored. The microbiota of this aquifer have been characterized.ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the structure of the bacterial community inhabiting the deep aquifer and to examine its dynamics over time.MethodsThe Avène TSW was collected at the catchment point and filtered through 0.1 µm pore size filters. The sampling was carried out every 3 months to generate a 4‐year time series. The DNA extracted from filters was analysed using high‐throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the microorganisms and their contribution were characterized by the taxonomic assignment of sequence variants generated from each sample.ResultsBacteria were distributed into 39 phyla. Nitrospirae and Proteobacteria were the most prevalent, accounting for 38% and 23% of the total community on average, respectively. A stable pattern was observed throughout the study. A few bacterial species were always detected, forming a core community of likely chemolithoautotrophic organisms which might use energy sources and nutrients produced from water–bedrock interactions. Most of the species were distantly related to organisms described to date.ConclusionsAvène TSW provided by the deep aquifer system harbours a unique microbial community, shaped by the physico‐chemical characteristics of the deep environment. Its remarkable stability over time has revealed a high level of confinement of the water resource.
Advancing breeding in stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to produce two reproductive cycles per year
Authors: Sattler Jessica L. , Boughman Janette W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effects of photoperiod and temperature manipulation on reproductive cycles in threespine sticklebackGasterosteus aculeatuswere examined. The experimental “advanced group” conditions were adjusted to simulate two reproductive seasons within a calendar year by adjusting light and temperature cycles.G. aculeatussubject to advanced conditions had two reproductive cycles per year, grew at normal rates and suffered little additional mortality. The research of many stickleback scientists would benefit from faster generation times and our methods could potentially shorten the time required to produce fish for genetic, behavioural and morphological work.
Diabetes management experience of middle‐aged persons with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Seo Hyung‐Eun , Kim Miyoung , Choi Sujin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimFor middle‐aged persons with type 1 diabetes, diabetes management is essential due to the natural effects of middle age. However, studies investigating how such individuals manage their diabetes are lacking. This study aimed to explore diabetes management experiences of middle‐aged individuals with type 1 diabetes.MethodsData were collected through in‐depth interviews with six middle‐aged persons with diabetes. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for the analysis of the data.ResultsThe following four themes emerged: “familiarity with but no control over type 1 diabetes”, “embodiment of one's unique management of type 1 diabetes”, “control of one's mindset regarding diabetes management despite a limited scope of activity”, and “accepting ownership of self‐management and continued management to the best of one's ability.” A core theme was “living silently like robots dreaming of true freedom from type 1 diabetes.”ConclusionsThe findings indicate that nurses should provide education, embracing the experience in diabetes management through trial and error among persons with type 1 diabetes.
Vanilla scent reduces frequency of urination in urethane‐anesthetized rats
Authors: Sugaya Kimio , Nishijima Saori , Kadekawa Katsumi , Noguchi Katsuhiko , Woo Je T. , Yamamoto Hideyuki , Matsumoto Seiji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe scent of vanilla has a relaxing effect and is used to treat sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can both cause and be caused by nocturia. Therefore, we examined whether vanilla inhalation would reduce the frequency of urination in rats under light urethane anesthesia.MethodsTwenty‐four rats were anesthetized with 0.6 g/kg urethane subcutaneously (half the usual dose) to induce a sleep‐like state. In 12 rats, continuous cystometry was performed via a transurethral catheter before, during and after inhalation of vanilla (n = 7) or the citrus fruit shiikuwasa (n = 5) for 60 minutes. The remaining 12 rats did not undergo cystometry but underwent vanilla inhalation treatment for 60 minutes (n = 6), or no inhalation treatment (n = 6); blood was then collected from these two groups and serum monoamine levels were compared.ResultsIntervals between bladder contractions were significantly longer after vanilla inhalation than before. However, baseline bladder pressure, maximum bladder contraction pressure, and residual volume remained unchanged. During shiikuwasa inhalation, the body movement of each rat increased but cystometric parameters did not change. Serum concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, but not serotonin, were significantly lower in rats that had inhaled vanilla than in those that had not.ConclusionsVanilla scent decreased serum catecholamine levels and urination frequency in rats under light urethane anesthesia. These results suggest that the scent of vanilla may reduce nocturia.
Support preferences for Arabic people with a chronic condition living in Australia: A descriptive survey
Authors: Alananzeh Ibrahim , Halcomb Elizabeth , Chan Alex 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic diseases are becoming increasingly common and are a priority for action in the Australian health sector. This study investigated the models of support groups preferred by Arab Australians living with chronic conditions. Two hundred fifty‐one Arab people with chronic conditions completed a descriptive survey. More than half of participants thought that information on palliative care, financial advice and guidance, social and emotional support for self and family, complementary therapies, and being involved in treatment decisions were extremely useful. Conversely, information about palliative care, financial advice and guidance, and complementary therapies was seen as least useful. Eighty‐five percent of participants reported willingness to attend a support program. Participants indicated they preferred the program to be held at a local community organization and facilitated by health care professionals. There was a high level of agreement in the views of Arab participants about the preferred location, type of facilitator, and content of a support program. These findings should inform the design of future programs for Arab immigrants with chronic conditions.
Natural environment and childhood obesity: A systematic review
Authors: Jia Peng , Dai Shaoqing , Rohli Kristen E. , Rohli Robert V. , Ma Yanan , Yu Chao , Pan Xiongfeng , Zhou Weiqi 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe associations between built and food environments and childhood obesity have been studied extensively. However, the association between the natural environment and childhood obesity has received too little scholarly attention. This study reviewed the literature published before 1 January 2019, which described associations between a full range of natural environmental factors (e.g., rainfall, temperature, sunlight, natural disasters, flood and drought) and weight‐related behaviours and childhood obesity. Five cross‐sectional studies and one longitudinal study were identified. Measures of natural environmental factors varied across six included studies, falling into five broad categories: weather conditions, altitude, natural disaster risk, air quality and day length. It was found that temperature was a significant weather indicator in most included studies and was associated with a reduction of daily physical activity. Children living in high‐altitude areas were more likely to be shorter and heavier than their counterparts in low‐altitude areas. Findings of this study will contribute to helping multiple stakeholders, including policy makers and urban planners, and formulate health policies and interventions to mitigate the detrimental impact of the natural environment on childhood obesity. More longitudinal studies should be designed to confirm these effects and explore the potential health effects of more natural environmental factors.
Retrospective case series of increased oral propranolol dosage for infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Huang Amy H. , Mannschreck Diana , Aggarwal Prachi , Mahon Mark , Cohen Bernard A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most common benign tumor of infancy. Although oral propranolol is currently first‐line therapy, optimal dosing for treatment of IH remains debated. We sought to identify hemangioma characteristics associated with poor response to standard dosing (2 mg/kg/d) and to assess the therapeutic benefit of higher dosing.MethodsRetrospective chart review was conducted of 559 patients with IH seen at Johns Hopkins between 2008 and 2018, of whom 245 (44%) were treated with propranolol. Baseline characteristics were compared between patients who received increased propranolol dosing (≥2.5 mg/kg/d) and those who remained on standard dose (2 mg/kg/d). Changes in the Hemangioma Activity Score (HAS) during the increased dosage period were scored by two trained, blinded pediatric dermatologists.ResultsOf 245 patients, 204 (83%) received standard 2 mg/kg/d propranolol dosing while 41 (17%) received a higher dose of ≥2.5 mg/kg/d. The most common location of IH in both groups was the face. In the increased dosage group, 85.4% of IH were of mixed or deep morphology with a mean greatest diameter of 4.6 cm. IH requiring increased dosing received longer courses of propranolol (mean of 389 vs. 282 days, P < .001) and underwent higher rates of excision by plastic surgery (26.8% vs. 5.9%, P < .001). Mean change in HAS over the period with dosage ≥2.5 mg/kg/d was minimal (−0.70; P < .001).ConclusionsMost recalcitrant IH were located on the face, larger in diameter, and of mixed or deep morphology. Patients had little improvement in HAS score with increased propranolol dosing implemented late in the treatment course with over one‐fourth ultimately receiving surgical excision.
Efficacy of liposomal amphotericin against febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients receiving prophylactic voriconazole
Authors: Kobayashi Ryoji , Matsushima Satoru , Hori Daiki , Sano Hirozumi , Suzuki Daisuke , Kishimoto Kenji , Nakano Takaaki , Yanagi Masato , Kodama Kouya , Kobayashi Kunihiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk factors for invasive fungal infection have gradually become evident for pediatric patients with hematological diseases. Here we analyze the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin (L‐AMB) for pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia using prophylactic voriconazole (VRCZ).MethodWe administered L‐AMB (2.5 mg/kg/day) in patients with febrile neutropenia who were receiving prophylactic VRCZ (10 mg/kg/day, orally) and were resistant to second‐line antibiotics therapy. Thirteen patients (5 males, 8 females) with 19 febrile neutropenia episodes were targeted in this analysis. The median age of the patients was 14 years (range, 1–19 years). Eighteen out of 19 episodes occurred in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, with the remaining episode occurring in a patient with acute unclassified leukemia.ResultsThe median period from start of L‐AMB administration to resolution of fever was 4 days (1–27 days). In 15 out of 19 episodes, fever resolved within 5 days from commencement of L‐AMB administration. Using criteria proposed by T. J. Walsh et al., the success rate of L‐AMB for febrile neutropenia was 89.5% in this study.ConclusionsAlthough the sample size of our study was small, the extremely high efficacy of L‐AMB warrants its administration in patients with febrile neutropenia who are receiving VRCZ.
Additional value of superb microvascular imaging for assessing hepatic arterial blood flow after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Gu Li‐hong , Fang Hua , Liu Xue‐song , Xia Qiang , Li Feng‐hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to explore the value of SMI compared with conventional ultrasonography for assessing hepatic arterial blood flow after pediatric liver transplantation.MethodsFrom March 2018 to November 2018, a total of 105 pediatric recipients with biliary atresia underwent liver transplantation in our hospital. Ultrasound examinations were performed at the bedside in the intensive care unit to check the patency of the blood flow in the hepatic allograft. CDI, PDI, cSMI, and mSMI were performed to assess the display, orientation, and distribution of the graft hepatic artery. Ultrasound examinations were performed by one radiologist, and the images were judged by two observers.ResultsThe median age, weight, and height of the recipients were 6.97 (5.92, 9.58) months, 6.50 (6.00, 7.80) kg, and 64.00 (62.00, 68.00) cm, respectively. The measure of kappa agreement was 0.902, 0.889, 0.882, and 0.882 for CDI, PDI, cSMI, and mSMI, respectively. HAT occurred in 7 pediatric recipients and was confirmed by CTA (computed tomography angiography) and surgery. The diagnostic performance of sensitivity, specificity, PPV (positive predictive value), NPV (negative predictive value), and accuracy were 100%, 92.86%, 50%, 100%, and 93.33% for CDI and 100%, 98.98%, 87.50%, 100%, and 99.05% for SMI.ConclusionsAs an additional method to CDI, SMI can clearly show the distribution of hepatic arterial blood flow and provide more details, thereby markedly improving the diagnostic performance of postoperative HAT.
A spectral parameter for the estimation of soil total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of winter wheat growth period
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Wei Qinqin , Xiong Shuping , Shi Lei , Ma Xinming , Du Pan , Guo Jianbiao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of crop nitrogen and soil nutrient status can provide an important basis for the rational application of nitrogen during fertilization. Two field experiments were conducted in Henan Province, China, using three main wheat cultivars and four nitrogen levels, across two consecutive growing seasons. Canopy spectral reflectance, plant nitrogen and soil nitrogen were synchronously measured during the wheat's main growth stages. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between the soil nitrogen and plant nitrogen concentrations was analysed, and the relationship with existing spectral parameters and several kinds of hyperspectral indices, including normalized difference spectral indices (NDVI), ratio spectral indices (RVI) and difference spectral indices (DVI), was extracted. All the combinations of two wavebands between 350 and 1 050 nm were calculated, and their quantitative relationships with soil nitrogen content were analysed. The results were used to build a remote monitoring model of soil total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐‐N) content by using the canopy spectral reflectance. The results showed that the correlation between soil NO3‐‐N and plant nitrogen concentration was superior to the correlation between total nitrogen and plant nitrogen concentrations. After systematically analysing the quantitative relationship between wheat canopy spectra, soil total nitrogen content and NO3‐‐N content, we found that the correlation with the original reflectance in the visible region was superior and that the first derivative spectrum significantly improved the correlation in the near‐infrared region. Furthermore, the soil total nitrogen content, NO3‐‐N content and canopy spectral data were analysed in different growth stages (jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage). The results showed that NDVI (FD747, FD699) was the best indicator for monitoring soil total nitrogen and NO3‐‐N content modelling, as the modelling decision coefficient and prediction decision coefficient were both above 0.8 for all test cases. Thus, during wheat growth, crop canopy spectroscopy can be used to estimate soil nitrogen nutrition status, and NDVI (FD747, FD699) can be used as an effective spectral parameter for estimating soil total nitrogen and NO3‐‐N content.