bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal time management on linear accelerator
Authors: Udayashankar Avinash H. , Noorjahan Shibina , Srikantia Nirmala , Kamunuri Ravindra Babu , Immanuel Niranjan , Muzumder Sandeep , Chandramouli S. H. , Shariff Mazhar H. 
Published: October 2019

Introdction:
Optimal time management is of utmost importance in the radiotherapy department. Inappropriate allocation of time slots leads to prolonged waiting times and decreased patient satisfaction during external beam radiotherapy. The present study tests a logical model to improve the waiting time for the patients.

Materials and Methods:
The treatment time, waiting time, and causes of delay were studied from November 4, 2014, to July 24, 2015. New rules were framed for treatment slot allocation from December 26, 2014. The treatment slots were classified based on the treatment technology (three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy) with inclusion of “buffer slots” and patient education. The results were compared before and after rules.

Results:
A total of 1032 time slots were analyzed, of which 225 “before rules” and 807 “after rules,” respectively. There was a significant reduction in the average waiting time for treatment in on-time patients (median [interquartile range (IQR)] of 25.2 min [31.75] vs. 3 min [3.5]; P< 0.00001) as well as in late-coming patients (median [IQR] of 38.2 min [13.795] vs. 21.11 min [12.75]; P= 0.00006). 59.7% (71 patients) of the treatment was delayed “before rules” as opposed to 32.2% (137 patients) “after rules” in on-time patients. Due to better patient education, there was a significant improvement in the patient punctuality toward the allotted time.

Conclusion:
The treatment slots classified based on the teletherapy technique with buffer slots, and patient education helps in better time management on linear accelerator. This methodology significantly reduces waiting time and thereby the number of patients having delay in the treatment.
Implementation of a visual feedback system for motion management during radiation therapy
Authors: Swamidas Jamema , Rose John , Chopra Supriya , Paul Siji N. , Joshi Kishore , Panda Subhajit , Ph Reena , Agarwal Jai Prakash 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
To describe the details of an in-house video goggles feedback system assembled from several commercially available components. The objective of this paper is to share our experience with this system, provide details on the equipment needed, system assembly, patient set up and user settings on some components.

Materials and Methods:
The system consisted of goggles (FPView3DHD, ITV, USA), RJ45(Registered Jack) to Digital Visual Interface (DVI) converter (Tripplite), DVI to HDMI converters, Local Area Network(LAN) cable, HDMI and power extender cables. The video coaching system was implemented both in CT simulator (GE Discovery)) and in treatment delivery machine True Beam v2.1 Varian Medical Systems (VMS, Palo Alto), which was integrated with respiratory motion management (RPM V 1.7.5) system.

Results:
The video feedback system is in clinical use since Aug 2017, so far, we have treated 13 patients, with approximately 150 fractions. The performance of the device was found to be satisfactory. All the patients were coached for DIBH and the usage of the goggles, which includes wearing the goggles, display details of the monitor, and the threshold levels of the breathing wave cycle. The patients understand the instructions very well and hence regulate the breathing cycle, which improves the treatment accuracy and efficiency.

Conclusion:
Video feedback system for motion management, for patients undergoing radiotherapy was implemented successfully both in CT simulator and in linear accelerator.
Brown tumour in the cervical spine : Case report and review of literature
Authors: Carta S , Chungh A , Gowda Sush Ramakrishna , Synodinou E , Sauve PS , Harvey JR 
Published: October 2019

Background: Brown tumour of the cervical spine is very rare and is formed due to focal altered bone remodelling secondary to persistent and uncontrolled primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is considered an extreme form of osteitis fibrosa cystica that occurs in the settings of persistently elevated parathyroid hormone.Case Report: This a unique lesion presented in a 48 year old male with recurrent bone pain and known End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on maintenance haemodialysis. The main clinical complaints were weak and painful legs and the initial presentation was after the patient collapsed at home and fractured spinal level C2. The initial assessment included blood tests and radiological imaging. CT scanning of the spine revealed a destructive lytic lesion with loss of height and architectural changes of the C2 vertebral body and cord compression. The differentials included an acute fracture, a metastatic lesion and Brown’s tumour. Further imaging with an MRI of the spine and PET-CT were performed which confirmed the above lesion and excluded metastatic disease and bone marrow infiltration. A CT guided bone biopsy followed. The patient continued to receive medical treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism and the C2 fracture was managed with orthosis through a protective hard collar.Discussion: An up to date literature review revealed very few cases of Brown tumour of the cervical spine and there was only one previous case with C2 involvement due to primary hyperparathyroidism and one due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Clinicians must be aware of the varied presentations of Brown’s tumour to identify and provide the appropriate management.
ECONOMIC GROWTH PROJECTION FOR EUROPEAN UNION BY 2030
Authors: Mlodkowski Pawel 
Published: October 2019

The paper contributes to a discussion on developments in output for the EU-27 group over the next 11 years, up to year 2030. It departs from a discussion on arguments of the production function, with focus on sudden changes to population in Europe, its growth rate and composition. A brief study of population-decreasing events in the European historical perspective may represent an inspiring part. Reasons for inconsistency in estimated parameters of production function for European countries seems to be well-explained this way.
The projection for the next 11 years, up to 2030 has employed the production function framework. Parameters have been estimated on the period 2004 – 2016 that matches most closely conditions that one may expect over the projection horizon.
Feeding the estimated production function for the 2018-2030 forecast has employed projected population by Eurostat, while private capital investment has been generated by an ARIMA model. Projection is offered in two forms: (1) aggregated real output for the whole EU, and (2) the same category for each of the EU-27 countries.
Two new species of the Macrobiotus hufelandi complex (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Australia and India, with notes on their phylogenetic position
Authors: Coughlan Kyle , Stec Daniel 
Published: October 2019

In this paper we describe two new tardigrade species belonging to the Macrobiotus hufelandi complex: Macrobiotus noongaris sp. nov. from Perth, Australia, and Macrobiotus kamilae sp. nov. from Mussoorie, India. Live specimens extracted from moss samples were used to establish laboratory cultures in order to obtain additional animals and eggs needed for their integrative descriptions. These descriptions are based on traditional morphological and morphometric data collected using both light and scanning electron microscopy, which, at the same time, were associated with DNA sequences of four genetic markers, three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and ITS-2) and one mitochondrial (COI). The use of DNA sequences allowed for a more accurate verification of the taxonomic status of M. noongaris sp. nov. and M. kamilae sp. nov as independent species of the hufelandi group. Although they both exhibit typical inverted goblet-shaped processes, they represent a recently discovered clade, which was thought to group species with modified morphology of egg processes. Thus, this contribution expands the definition of the mentioned clade and constitutes another link that will be helpful for future studies on the evolution of the M. hufelandi complex.
Effect of autogenous growth factors released from platelet concentrates on the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts: a comparative study
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Li Xinyue , Zhao Jing , Jia Wenjun , Wang Zuomin 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundPlatelet concentrates have been used in tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of growth factors released from leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs).MethodsLeukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrins, CGFs and PDLFs were obtained from New Zealand rabbits. The release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) from L-PRFs and CGFs was measured at 5 h and 1, 3, 5, 7 days, using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The PDLFs were treated with exudates of L-PRF or CGF. After the treatment, cell counting kit-8 assay was performed at day 1, 3, 5 and 7. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay and Western blotting were applied at day 7. Three blocking antibodies were used to neutralize the proteins of bFGF, BMP-2 and TGF-β1.ResultsLeukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin and CGF showed different growth factor release pattern, but similar accumulated concentration of these growth factors. PDLFs proliferation was significantly promoted by both L-PRF and CGF at day 1, 3 and 7, and CGF group was superior to L-PRF group at day 1 and 3. Both L-PRF and CGF significantly enhanced PDLFs ALP activity and protein expression of osteogenic markers. The osteopontin level was higher in CGF group than in L-PRF group, but no significant differences were found between two groups for ALP activity. Three blocking antibodies significantly downregulated both L-PRF and CGF induced osteogenic markers expression.ConclusionBoth CGF and L-PRF can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLFs. The bFGF, BMP-2 and TGF-β1 are involved in both L-PRF and CGF induced osteogenic differentiation of PDLFs.
The nutrient distribution in the continuum of the pericarp, seed coat, and kernel during Styrax tonkinensis fruit development
Authors: Wu Qikui , Zhang Zihan , Peng Huan , Wu Yali , Yu Fangyuan 
Published: October 2019

Background
Styrax tonkinensis is a great potential biofuel as the species contains seeds with a particularly high oil content. Understanding the nutrient distribution in different parts of the fruit is imperative for the development and enhancement of S. tonkinensis as a biodiesel feedstock.

Methods
From 30 to 140 days after flowering (DAF), the development of S. tonkinensis fruit was tracked. The morphology change, nutrient content, and activity of associated enzymes in the continuum of the pericarp, seed coat, and kernel were analyzed.

Results
Between 30 and 70 DAF, the main locus of dry matter deposition shifted from the seed coat to the kernel. The water content within the pericarp remained high throughout development, but at the end (130 DAF later) decreased rapidly. The water content within both the seed coat and the kernel consistently declined over the course of the fruit development (30–110 DAF). Between 70 and 80 DAF, the deposition centers for sugar, starch, protein, potassium, and magnesium was transferred to the kernel from either the pericarp or the seed coat. The calcium deposition center was transferred first from pericarp to the seed coat and then to the kernel before it was returned to the pericarp. The sucrose to hexose ratio in the seed coat increased between 30 and 80 DAF, correlating with the accumulation of total soluble sugar, starch, and protein. In the pericarp, the sucrose to hexose ratio peaked at 40 and 100 DAF, correlating with the reserve deposition in the following 20–30 days. After 30 DAF, the chlorophyll concentration of both the pericarp and the seed coat dropped. The maternal unit (the pericarp and the seed coat) in fruit showed a significant positive linear relationship between chlorophyll b/a and the concentration of total soluble sugar. The potassium content had significant positive correlation with starch (ρ = 0.673, p = 0.0164), oil (ρ = 0.915, p = 0.000203), and protein content (ρ = 0.814, p = 0.00128), respectively. The concentration of magnesium had significant positive correlation with starch (ρ = 0.705, p = 0.0104), oil (ρ = 0.913, p = 0.000228), and protein content (ρ = 0.896, p = 0.0000786), respectively. Calcium content had a significant correlation with soluble sugar content (ρ = 0.585, p = 0.0457).

Conclusions
During the fruit development of S. tonkinensis, the maternal unit, that is, the pericarp and seed coat, may act a nutrient buffer storage area between the mother tree and the kernel. The stage of 70–80 DAF is an important time in the nutrient distribution in the continuum of the pericarp, seed coat, and kernel. Our results described the metabolic dynamics of the continuum of the pericarp, seed coat, and kernel and the contribution that a seed with high oil content offers to biofuel.
Vai, malandra: o despertar ontológico do planeta fome
Authors: Lisboa Armando De Melo 
Published: October 2019

Empreendimentos populares de todos os tipos perfazem uma progressiva ruptura com a subalternização da maioria do povo brasileiro, levando a uma inserção criativa na vida global, à revelia de projetos cupulistas de nação, conduzidos por pseudos demiurgos salvadores. Este ensaio pressupõe que uma reversão do processo colonial subalternizador esteja em curso, agora, autêntica e completamente, como se fora uma segunda descolonização que, em pleno século XXI, decola com vigor. Aos poucos o povo brasileiro desperta do secular coma étnico e livra-se do domínio dos paradigmas eurocêntricos e patriarcais. Suas iniciativas de buscar uma vida melhor perfazem lutas e processos ontológicos, pois permitem superar o histórico não-ser das maiorias, restabelecendo a plena humanidade de todos.
The
Gatha
s, a Forgotten Masterpiece
Authors: Skjærvø Prods Oktor 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Here we follow the history of the Old Avestan
Gatha
s (
Gāthā
s), traditionally ascribed to Zarathustra (Zoroaster), from their origin in second‐millennium
bce
Central Asia to their afterlife in the
Young Avesta
(early first millennium
bce
), the inscriptions of the Achaemenids and the Sasanians, and the post‐Sasanian (Pahlavi) literature, as well as their reception in the West from the classical period to their first Western translations in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and from then until today, when they progressed from “sermons” of the religious reformer Zarathustra to anonymous products of oral literature.
Bridge Essay: The Emergence of Modernity
Authors: Hayot Eric 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Does modernity emerge? And if so, when? How often? Where? This chapter addresses these fundamental questions about a term, modernity, that has variously been understood as a historical period, a type of historical event, a mindset or an attitude, a relative description, and an absolute one. It reviews both the history of modernity (the thing that the word “modernity” might refer to), the history of “modernity” (the term that names the thing), and the history of the various places, times, and people who have been considered modern or non‐modern. It also looks at a series of other terms that circulate around modernity – perhaps most notably “classical,” “primitive,” and “postmodernity,” but also “modernism” and “modernization” – and the ways in which those terms both delimit and extend the meaning of the modern as a historical period.
Between Realism and Modernism: Chinua Achebe and the Making of African Literature
Authors: Gikandi Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses Chinua Achebe's seminal role in the foundation of modern African literature and his contribution to the culture of world letters in the second half of the twentieth century. Achebe started writing in the last years of British colonial rule in West Africa and in, his fictions, he sought to both understand the tragedy of colonial modernity, recuperate narratives of African life outside the colonialist idiom, and imagine a decolonized future. Using the English language against itself, Achebe adopted creative writing as a strategy of giving Africans a voice in the post‐World War II order. And coming to writing at the end of modernism, Achebe would combine high modernist style with older forms of realism to create an idiom for understanding postcolonial societies, their failures and promises.
Improved dosimetric accuracy with semi‐automatic contour propagation of organs‐at‐risk in glioblastoma patients undergoing chemoradiation
Authors: Lee Sangjune , Stewart James , Lee Young , Myrehaug Sten , Sahgal Arjun , Ruschin Mark , Tseng Chia‐Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe study the changes in organs‐at‐risk (OARs) morphology as contoured on serial MRIs during chemoradiation therapy (CRT) of glioblastoma (GBM). The dosimetric implication of assuming non‐deformable OAR changes and the accuracy and feasibility of semi‐automatic OAR contour propagation are investigated.MethodsFourteen GBM patients who were treated with adjuvant CRT for GBM prospectively underwent MRIs on fractions 0 (i.e., planning), 10, 20, and 1 month post last fraction of CRT. Three sets of OAR contours — (a) manual, (b) rigidly registered (static), and (c) semi‐automatically propagated — were compared using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff distance (HD). Dosimetric impact was determined by comparing the minimum dose to the 0.03 cc receiving the highest dose (D0.03 cc) on a clinically approved reference, non‐adapted radiation therapy plan.ResultsThe DSC between the manual contours and the static contours decreased significantly over time (fraction 10: [mean ± 1 SD] 0.78 ± 0.17, post 1 month: 0.76 ± 0.17, P = 0.02) while the HD (P = 0.74) and the difference in D0.03cc did not change significantly (P = 0.51). Using the manual contours as reference, compared to static contours, propagated contours have a significantly higher DSC (propagated: [mean ± 1 SD] 0.81 ± 0.15, static: 0.77 ± 0.17, P < 0.001), lower HD (propagated: 3.77 ± 1.8 mm, static: 3.96 ± 1.6 mm, P = 0.002), and a significantly lower absolute difference in D0.03cc (propagated: 101 ± 159 cGy, static: 136 ± 243 cGy, P = 0.019).ConclusionsNonrigid changes in OARs over time lead to different maximum doses than planned. By using semi‐automatic OAR contour propagation, OARs are more accurately delineated on subsequent fractions, with corresponding improved accuracy of the reported dose to the OARs.
Tailoring Vanadium Dioxide Film Orientation Using Nanosheets: a Combined Microscopy, Diffraction, Transport, and Soft X‐Ray in Transmission Study
Authors: Le Phu Tran Phong , Hofhuis Kevin , Rana Abhimanyu , Huijben Mark , Hilgenkamp Hans , Rijnders Guus A.J.H.M. , ten Elshof Johan E. , Koster Gertjan , Gauquelin Nicolas , Lumbeeck Gunnar , Schüßler‐Langeheine Christian , Popescu Horia , Fortuna Franck , Smit Steef , Verbeek Xanthe H. , Araizi‐Kanoutas Georgios , Mishra Shrawan , Vaskivskyi Igor , Dürr Hermann A. , Golden Mark S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVanadium dioxide (VO2) is a much‐discussed material for oxide electronics and neuromorphic computing applications. Here, heteroepitaxy of VO2 is realized on top of oxide nanosheets that cover either the amorphous silicon dioxide surfaces of Si substrates or X‐ray transparent silicon nitride membranes. The out‐of‐plane orientation of the VO2 thin films is controlled at will between (011)M1/(110)R and (−402)M1/(002)R by coating the bulk substrates with Ti0.87O2 and NbWO6 nanosheets, respectively, prior to VO2 growth. Temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction and automated crystal orientation mapping in microprobe transmission electron microscope mode (ACOM‐TEM) characterize the high phase purity, the crystallographic and orientational properties of the VO2 films. Transport measurements and soft X‐ray absorption in transmission are used to probe the VO2 metal–insulator transition, showing results of a quality equal to those from epitaxial films on bulk single‐crystal substrates. Successful local manipulation of two different VO2 orientations on a single substrate is demonstrated using VO2 grown on lithographically patterned lines of Ti0.87O2 and NbWO6 nanosheets investigated by electron backscatter diffraction. Finally, the excellent suitability of these nanosheet‐templated VO2 films for advanced lensless imaging of the metal–insulator transition using coherent soft X‐rays is discussed.
Interaction of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Soft Nanocomposite Hydrogels Based on Polyethylene Glycol and Dendritic Polyglycerol
Authors: Randriantsilefisoa Rotsiniaina , Hou Yong , Pan Yuanwei , Camacho José Luis Cuellar , Kulka Michaël W. , Zhang Jianguang , Haag Rainer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKeeping the stemness of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and their adipocyte differentiation potential is critical for clinical use. However, these features are lost on traditional substrates. hMSCs have often been studied on stiff materials whereas culturing hMSCs in their native niche increases their potential. Herein, a patterned hydrogel nanocomposite with the stiffness of liver tissues is obtained without any molding process. To investigate hMSCs' mechanoresponse to the material, the RGD spacing units and the stiffness of the hydrogels are dually tuned via the linker length. This work suggests that hMSCs' locomotion is influenced by the nature of the hydrogel layer (bulk or thin film). Contrary to on bulk surfaces, cell traction occurs during cell spreading on thin films. In addition, hMSCs' spreading behavior varies from shorter to longer linker‐based hydrogels, where on both surfaces hMSCs maintains their stemness as well as their adipogenic differentiation potential with a higher number of adipocytes for nanocomposites with a longer polymer linker. Overall, this work addresses the need for a new alternative for hMSCs culture allowing the cells to differentiate exclusively into adipocytes. This material represents a cell‐responsive platform with a tissue‐mimicking architecture given by the mechanical and morphological properties of the hydrogel.