bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How common are depression and anxiety in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and how should we screen for these mental health co-morbidities? A clinical cohort study
Authors: Loades Maria E. , Read Rebecca , Smith Lucie , Higson-Sweeney Nina T. , Laffan Amanda , Stallard Paul , Kessler David , Crawley Esther 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) appear to be more likely to experience anxiety and/or depression using Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). However, we do not know how accurate these are at detecting problems in this patient group given the primary symptom of fatigue. We aimed to accurately determine the prevalence of anxiety/depression using gold-standard diagnostic interviews and evaluate the accuracy of PROMs measuring mood disorders in this patient group. We conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study in a specialist tertiary paediatric CFS/ME service, England. The participants were164 12–18-year olds with clinician confirmed CFS/ME and their parents. The measures were a semi-structured diagnostic interview, the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, K-SADS, and questionnaires (Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale, RCADS; Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, SCAS; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS). Parents completed the RCADS-P. 35% met the criteria for at least one common mental health problem. 20% had major depressive disorder, and 27% an anxiety disorder, with social anxiety and generalised anxiety being the most common. There was high co-morbidity, with 61% of those who were depressed also having at least one anxiety disorder. The questionnaires were moderately accurate (AUC > 0.7) at detecting clinically significant anxiety/depression, although only the RCADS-anxiety reached the predefined 0.8 sensitivity, 0.7 specificity target. Mental health problems are particularly common amongst adolescents with CFS/ME. Most screening tools were not sufficiently accurate in detecting clinically significant anxiety and depression, so these should be used with care in combination with thorough psychological/psychiatric assessment.
Contextualizing local landscape initiatives in global change: a scenario study for the high forest zone, Ghana
Authors: Wolff Sarah , Meijer Johan , Schulp Catharina J. E. , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntegrated landscape management (ILM) has received increased interest to reconcile multiple conflicting demands on a landscape scale. ILM aims at addressing major interconnected global challenges, such as poverty, food security, deforestation, and climate change. A principal element of ILM is the consideration of multiple scales, harmonizing local-level needs and ambitions with those that derive from outside the landscape. ILM initiatives are most often initiated by local actors focusing on local priorities, thereby insufficiently realizing that the landscape is embedded in a wider macroeconomic and societal context. We contextualize a landscape initiative located in the high forest zone of southern Ghana, focusing on global socioeconomic and political developments that are expected to have an influence on the region. We built two “sustainability” scenarios for the period between 2015 and 2030, reflecting the demands and ambitions of local stakeholders (bottom-up) and of global environmental policy (top-down) for the region. We find that global climate and cocoa production priorities could induce synergies between food production, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation at the scale of the case study region but could come at the cost of mixed forest systems that play an important role in livelihoods on the landscape scale. Land change scenarios can play a critical role in assessing and visualizing such interactions and provide a platform for discussion and negotiation on how to integrate different objectives in the design of landscape initiatives.
Variable echo time imaging for detecting the short T2* components of the sciatic nerve: a validation study
Authors: Felisaz Paolo Florent , Belatti Eugenio , Deligianni Xeni , Bergsland Niels , Santini Francesco , Paoletti Matteo , Solazzo Francesca , Germani Giancarlo , Cortese Andrea , Vegezzi Elisa , Bieri Oliver , Bastianello Stefano , Pichiecchio Anna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to develop and validate an MRI protocol based on a variable echo time (vTE) sensitive to the short T2* components of the sciatic nerve.

Materials and methods
15 healthy subjects (M/F: 9/6; age: 21–62) were scanned at 3T targeting the sciatic nerve at the thigh bilaterally, using a dual echo variable echo time (vTE) sequence (based on a spoiled gradient echo acquisition) with echo times of 0.98/5.37 ms. Apparent T2* (aT2*) values of the sciatic nerves were calculated with a mono-exponential fit and used for data comparison.

Results
There were no significant differences in aT2* related to side, sex, age, and BMI, even though small differences for side were reported. Good-to-excellent repeatability and reproducibility were found for geometry of ROIs (Dice indices: intra-rater 0.68–0.7; inter-rater 0.70–0.72) and the related aT2* measures (intra-inter reader ICC 0.95–0.97; 0.66–0.85) from two different operators. Side-related signal-to-noise-ratio non-significant differences were reported, while contrast-to-noise-ratio measures were excellent both for side and echo.

Discussion
Our study introduces a novel MR sequence sensitive to the short T2* components of the sciatic nerve and may be used for the study of peripheral nerve disorders.
Modelling of ecological status of Polish lakes using deep learning techniques
Authors: Gebler Daniel , Kolada Agnieszka , Pasztaleniec Agnieszka , Szoszkiewicz Krzysztof 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince 2000, after the Water Framework Directive came into force, aquatic ecosystems’ bioassessment has acquired immense practical importance for water management. Currently, due to extensive scientific research and monitoring, we have gathered comprehensive hydrobiological databases. The amount of available data increases with each subsequent year of monitoring, and the efficient analysis of these data requires the use of proper mathematical tools. Our study challenges the comparison of the modelling potential between four indices for the ecological status assessment of lakes based on three groups of aquatic organisms, i.e. phytoplankton, phytobenthos and macrophytes. One of the deep learning techniques, artificial neural networks, has been used to predict values of four biological indices based on the limited set of the physicochemical parameters of water. All analyses were conducted separately for lakes with various stratification regimes as they function differently. The best modelling quality in terms of high values of coefficients of determination and low values of the normalised root mean square error was obtained for chlorophyll a followed by phytoplankton multimetric. A lower degree of fit was obtained in the networks for macrophyte index, and the poorest model quality was obtained for phytobenthos index. For all indices, modelling quality for non-stratified lakes was higher than this for stratified lakes, giving a higher percentage of variance explained by the networks and lower values of errors. Sensitivity analysis showed that among physicochemical parameters, water transparency (Secchi disk reading) exhibits the strongest relationship with the ecological status of lakes derived by phytoplankton and macrophytes. At the same time, all input variables indicated a negligible impact on phytobenthos index. In this way, different explanations of the relationship between biological and trophic variables were revealed.
The current landscape of imaging recommendations in cardiovascular clinical guidelines: toward an imaging-guided precision medicine
Authors: Esposito Antonio , Gallone Guglielmo , Palmisano Anna , Marchitelli Livia , Catapano Federica , Francone Marco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide an overview on the role of CT scan and MRI according to selected guidelines by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA). ESC and ACC/AHA guidelines were systematically reviewed for recommendations to CT and MRI use in specific cardiovascular (CV) clinical categories. All recommendations were collected in a dataset, including the class of recommendation, the level of evidence (LOE), the specific imaging technique, the clinical purpose of the recommendation and the recommending Society. Among the 43 included guidelines (ESC: n = 18, ACC/AHA: n = 25), 26 (60.4%) contained recommendations for CT scan or MRI (146 recommendations: 62 for CT and 84 for MRI). Class of recommendation IIa (32.9%) was the most represented, followed by I (28.1%), IIb (24%) and III (11.9%). MRI recommendations more frequently being of higher class (I: 36.9%, IIa: 29.8%, IIb: 21.4%, III: 11.9%) as compared to CT (I: 16.1%, IIa: 37.1%, IIb: 27.4%, III: 19.4%). Most of recommendation (55.5%) were based on expert opinion (LOE C). The use of cardiac CT and cardiac MR in the risk assessment, diagnosis, therapeutic and procedural planning is in continuous development, driven by an increasing need to evolve toward an imaging-guided precision medicine, combined with cost-effectiveness and healthcare sustainability. These developments must be accompanied by an increased availability of high-performance scanners in healthcare facilities and should emphasize the need of increasing the number of radiologists fully trained in cardiac imaging.
Safety and tolerability of repeated sessions of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in obesity
Authors: Ferrulli Anna , Massarini Stefano , Macrì Concetta , Luzi Livio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) has been demonstrated to be effective in body weight control in individuals with obesity. Most clinical trials on rTMS provided a reassuring safety profile. In the present work, we present an extensive analysis on both severe and mild Adverse Events (AEs) in obese individuals treated with rTMS.

Methods
We examined the intensity, duration, correlation with the treatment, up to 1 year after the end of rTMS treatment.

Results
Descriptive analysis included a total of 63 subjects undergoing a 5-week deep rTMS experimental treatment for obesity (age 48.3 ± 10.4 years; BMI 36.3 ± 4.4 kg/m2): 31 patients were treated with high-frequency rTMS (HF), 13 with low-frequency rTMS (LF), and 19 were sham treated (Sham). Thirty-two subjects (50.8%) reported a total of 52 AEs, including mainly moderate (51.9%) events. The most frequently reported side effects were headaches of moderate intensity (40.4%) and local pain/discomfort (19.2%) and resulted significantly more frequent in HF group compared to other groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences among groups were found for the other reported AEs: drowsiness, insomnia, paresthesia, vasovagal reactions, hypertensive crisis. No AEs potentially related to the rTMS arised up to 1 year from the end of the treatment.

Conclusions
This is the first comprehensive safety analysis in obese patients treated with rTMS. The analysis did not reveal any unexpected safety concerns. Only headaches and local pain/discomfort have been significantly more frequent in the HF group, confirming the good tolerability of rTMS even in the obese population potentially more susceptible to side effects of brain stimulation.
Urinary incontinence and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pizzol Damiano , Demurtas Jacopo , Celotto Stefano , Maggi Stefania , Smith Lee , Angiolelli Gabriele , Trott Mike , Yang Lin , Veronese Nicola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) and low quality of life (QoL) are two common conditions. Some recent literature proposed that these two entities can be associated. However, no attempt was made to collate this literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing data to estimate the strength of the association between UI and QoL.MethodsAn electronic search of major databases up to 18th April 2020 was carried out. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional and case–control studies comparing mean values in QoL between patients with UI and controls was performed, reporting random-effects standardized mean differences (SMDs) ± 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed with theI2.ResultsOut of 8279 articles initially screened, 23 were finally included for a total of 24,983 participants, mainly women. The mean age was ≥ 50 years in 12/23 studies. UI was significantly associated with poor QoL as assessed by the short-form 36 (SF-36) total score (n = 6 studies; UI: 473 vs. 2971 controls; SMD = − 0.89; 95% CI − 1.3 to − 0.42;I2 = 93.5) and by the sub-scales of SF-36 and 5/8 of the domains included in the SF-36. Similar results were found using other QoL tools. The risk of bias of the studies included was generally high.ConclusionsUI is associated with a poor QoL, with a strong level of certainty. This work, however, mainly based on cross-sectional and case–control studies, highlights the necessity of future longitudinal studies for better understanding the importance of UI on QoL.
Worldviews: overarching concept, discrete body of knowledge or paradigmatic tool?
Authors: Flanagan Ruth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe term ‘worldviews’ is employed across disciplinary boundaries, yet with no agreed definition it may actually obscure rather than clarify meaning. The use of the term has grown in frequency, particularly in Religious Education (RE) in England, since the Commission on RE’s final report (2018), which recommended changing the name of RE to ‘Religion and worldviews’. Response to the report has been mixed. Some fear that an introduction of worldviews may lead to a dilution of RE and overburden an already overstretched teaching profession; others welcome a meaningful study of non-religious worldviews which they view as more pertinent in the current growth of ‘nones’ (Nones’ term used for those who adhere to ‘no faith’, see Woodhead (J Br Acad 4:245–261, 2016)) in England. Teaching worldviews raises questions of selection: are all worldviews equally appropriate for pupils to study and consistent with the aims of education? For example, is it appropriate for a 6 year old to study Hedonism or National Socialism? This paper problematizes the binary nature of the debate and interrogates the usage of the term 'worldviews'. Focusing on ‘institutional worldviews’ is questionable as the role of master narratives, embedded in these, lose currency. The ‘disintegration of master narratives’, (Riessman in Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, 2008, p. 17), has led to a rise in individuals creating their personal embodied worldviews, albeit subconsciously. Rather than consider worldviews as a discrete body of knowledge that imposes on an already overburdened curriculum, I propose that employing worldviews as an overarching concept, providing a type of paradigmatic analysis for RE, may lead to a greater and more profound understanding of religion(s).
A multi-agent model to study epidemic spreading and vaccination strategies in an urban-like environment
Authors: Nadini Matthieu , Zino Lorenzo , Rizzo Alessandro , Porfiri Maurizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWorldwide urbanization calls for a deeper understanding of epidemic spreading within urban environments. Here, we tackle this problem through an agent-based model, in which agents move in a two-dimensional physical space and interact according to proximity criteria. The planar space comprises several locations, which represent bounded regions of the urban space. Based on empirical evidence, we consider locations of different density and place them in a core-periphery structure, with higher density in the central areas and lower density in the peripheral ones. Each agent is assigned to a base location, which represents where their home is. Through analytical tools and numerical techniques, we study the formation mechanism of the network of contacts, which is characterized by the emergence of heterogeneous interaction patterns. We put forward an extensive simulation campaign to analyze the onset and evolution of contagious diseases spreading in the urban environment. Interestingly, we find that, in the presence of a core-periphery structure, the diffusion of the disease is not affected by the time agents spend inside their base location before leaving it, but it is influenced by their motion outside their base location: a strong tendency to return to the base location favors the spreading of the disease. A simplified one-dimensional version of the model is examined to gain analytical insight into the spreading process and support our numerical findings. Finally, we investigate the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns, supporting the intuition that vaccination in central and dense areas should be prioritized.
Psychological trait inferences from women’s clothing: human and machine prediction
Authors: Rosenbusch Hannes , Aghaei Maya , Evans Anthony M. , Zeelenberg Marcel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeople use clothing to make personality inferences about others, and these inferences steer social behaviors. The current work makes four contributions to the measurement and prediction of clothing-based person perception: first, we integrate published research and open-ended responses to identify common psychological inferences made from clothes (Study 1). We find that people use clothes to make inferences about happiness, sexual interest, intelligence, trustworthiness, and confidence. Second, we examine consensus (i.e., interrater agreement) for clothing-based inferences (Study 2). We observe that characteristics of the inferring observer contribute more to the drawn inferences than the observed clothes, which entails low to medium levels of interrater agreement. Third, the current work examines whether a computer vision model can use image properties (i.e., pixels alone) to replicate human inferences (Study 3). While our best model outperforms a single human rater, its absolute performance falls short of reliability conventions in psychological research. Finally, we introduce a large database of clothing images with psychological labels and demonstrate its use for exploration and replication of psychological research. The database consists of 5000 images of (western) women’s clothing items with psychological inferences annotated by 25 participants per clothing item.
Fitness als Trend des Jugendsports – eine Wissenskultur
Authors: Bindel Tim , Theis Christian 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungFitnesssport und fitnesssportives Verhalten sind bei vielen Jugendlichen als fester Teil der Freizeit- und Alltagsgestaltung etabliert. Abseits von trainingswissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen betrachtet dieser Beitrag das jugendliche Leben im Kontext Fitness aus sportpädagogischem Blickwinkel. Es wird diskutiert, welche Motive das produktorientierte Fitnesssporttreiben begründen und wie diese mit aktuellen Besonderheiten des adoleszenten Lebens in Verbindung stehen. Durch den dargelegten autoethnografischen Zugang wird aufgezeigt, inwieweit das UntersuchungsgebietJugend, FitnessundLifestyleerwachsene Forschende vor besondere Herausforderungen stellt. Ausgehend von diesen Erkenntnissen werden zentrale Charakteristika des Fitnesssports erarbeitet, bevor die Vorstellung des Forschungsdesigns rund um jugendliche Wissenskulturen und Handlungslegitimationen einen Ausblick in anstehende sportpädagogische Untersuchungen im Kontext Fitness gewährt.
The challenge of privacy and consent enforcement in large-scale enterprise application programmes
Authors: Maxey Dustin 
Published: September 2020

Obtaining and managing consent when handling customers' personal data is fraught with difficulties. Organisations understand that they must carefully police this across their entire app development programme, and if they get it wrong the penalties in terms of regulatory sanctions and erosion of customer trust can be enormous. Obtaining and managing consent when handling customers' personal data is fraught with difficulties. Organisations understand that they must carefully police this across their entire app development programme. However, if you have confidence in your data policy enforcement, it opens the door to explore a new, more personal relationship with customers and their data. You can deliver an enhanced customer experience because the interaction with the customer – whether via an app or a human customer service representative – is working with a consistent and appropriate data package, explains Dustin Maxey of Ping Identity.
Securing your remote workforce against new phishing attacks
Authors: Sarginson Nic 
Published: September 2020

As the spread of Covid-19 forced organisations across the globe to introduce preventive measures, the number of people working remotely has grown dramatically. Despite the challenging circumstances, technology has enabled the continuation of some businesses that would otherwise have ground to a halt. Yet the translation of office-based work to home-based had to happen at speed – for some, literally overnight. Under such conditions, implementing new security measures not already in place is proving a challenge. The number of people working remotely has grown dramatically, and technology has enabled the continuation of some businesses that would otherwise have ground to a halt. However, the speed at which this has happened may mean that security has been left behind. As employees adapt to unfamiliar work environments away from the office, their primary focus is not necessarily robust methods of authentication. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) solutions have an important role to play here, offering authentication protocols that work well for employees while providing the right level of protection for networks, systems and data, says Nic Sarginson of Yubico.
The top three factors driving zero trust adoption
Authors: Embrey Bryan 
Published: September 2020

Zero trust is gaining ground. And fast. According to the 2019 ‘State of Enterprise Secure Access’ survey, 72% of respondents said they would be moving ahead with zero trust projects in the next 18 months. 1 But why? Adopting zero trust involves augmenting security at the user and device, implementing policy controls to govern every transaction and protecting all traffic. There are three primary reasons that enterprises are considering taking a zero trust approach to their security – improved data protection, trust through entity verification and continuous authentication and authorisation. These are values that every cyber security professional would want to pursue, and Bryan Embrey of Pulse Secure shows how to do that.