bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma‐Assisted Immobilization of a Phosphonium Salt and Its Use as a Catalyst in the Valorization of CO2
Authors: Hu Yuya , Peglow Sandra , Longwitz Lars , Frank Marcus , Epping Jan Dirk , Brüser Volker , Werner Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe first plasma‐assisted immobilization of an organocatalyst, namely a bifunctional phosphonium salt in an amorphous hydrogenated carbon coating, is reported. This method makes the requirement for prefunctionalized supports redundant. The immobilized catalyst was characterized by solid‐state 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy, SEM, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The immobilized catalyst (1 mol %) was employed in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. Notably, the efficiency of the plasma‐treated catalyst on SiO2 was higher than those of the SiO2 support impregnated with the catalyst and even the homogeneous counterpart. After optimization of the reaction conditions, 13 terminal and four internal epoxides were converted with CO2 to the respective cyclic carbonates in yields of up to 99 %. Furthermore, the possibility to recycle the immobilized catalyst was evaluated. Even though the catalyst could be reused, the yields gradually decreased from the third run. However, this is the first example of the recycling of a plasma‐immobilized catalyst, which opens new possibilities in the recovery and reuse of catalysts.
A Well‐Defined Core–Shell‐Structured Capsule Catalyst for Direct Conversion of CO2 into Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Authors: Li Hangjie , Zhang Peipei , Guo Lisheng , He Yingluo , Zeng Yan , Thongkam Montree , Natakaranakul Jaru , Kojima Tatsuki , Reubroycharoen Prasert , Vitidsant Tharapong , Yang Guohui , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA Pd/SiO2@S1@H‐ZSM‐5 capsule catalyst (Pd/SiO2–SZ) is fabricated through a dual‐layer crystal growth method with an auxiliary hydrothermal reaction. The catalyst exhibits excellent selectivity to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in CO2 hydrogenation reactions, which is attributed to the tandem reactions of methanol synthesis on the Pd/SiO2 core catalyst and methanol dehydration to hydrocarbons on the H‐ZSM‐5 shell. The Pd/SiO2–SZ capsule catalyst has a similar mesoporous structure, narrow range of Pd particles size distribution, and consistent reduction characteristics to the Pd/SiO2 core catalyst. It maintains the physical and chemical properties of the core catalyst throughout the H‐ZSM‐5 shell synthesis process. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal that the H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite shell completely encapsulates the Pd/SiO2 core catalyst. Compared with the crushed capsule catalyst (Pd/SiO2–SZP), the well‐defined‐structured Pd/SiO2–SZ catalyst has a much higher LPG selectivity of 33.6 %, owing to the well‐matched reactions at the Pd/SiO2 core and H‐ZSM‐5 shell.
Neutral transport code for rovibrational population calculation of molecular hydrogen in large helical device plasmas
Authors: Sawada Keiji , Nakamura Hiroaki , Saito Seiki , Kawamura Gakushi , Kobayashi Masahiro , Haga Kenta , Migita Ryusei , Sawada Takumi , Hasuo Masahiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn rovibrationally resolved collisional‐radiative model of molecular hydrogen (K. Sawada and M. Goto, Atoms 4: 29, 2016) is included in the authors' neutral transport code for large helical device (LHD) plasmas. The spatial distributions of the electron temperature and density, including the divertor and divertor leg regions, are given to the code. The molecules released from the graphite divertor target are tracked. The initial rotational and vibrational states of the released molecules are provided by simulation using a molecular dynamics model. The rovibrational population produced in an LHD plasma is evaluated.
DSM‐5 eating disorders among adolescents and young adults in Finland: A public health concern
Authors: Silén Yasmina , Sipilä Pyry N. , Raevuori Anu , Mustelin Linda , Marttunen Mauri , Kaprio Jaakko , Keski‐Rahkonen Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the lifetime prevalence, 10‐year incidence, and peak periods of onset for eating disorders as defined by the Fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) among adolescents and young adults born in the 1980s in Finland.MethodVirtually all Finnish twins born in 1983–1987 (n = 5,600) were followed prospectively from the age of 12 years. A subsample of participants (n = 1,347) was interviewed using a semi‐structured diagnostic interview in their early twenties.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime DSM‐5 eating disorders was 17.9% for females and 2.4% for males (pooled across genders, 10.5%). The estimated lifetime prevalences for females and males, respectively, were 6.2 and 0.3% for anorexia nervosa (AN), 2.4 and 0.16% for bulimia nervosa (BN), 0.6 and 0.3% for binge‐eating disorder (BED), 4.5 and 0.16% for other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED), and 4.5 and 1.6% for unspecified feeding or eating disorder (UFED). Among females, the prevalence of OSFED subcategories was as follows: atypical AN 2.1%, purging disorder 1.3%, BED of low frequency/limited duration 0.7%, and BN of low frequency/limited duration 0.4%. The 10‐year incidence rate of eating disorders was 1,700 per 100,000 person‐years among females (peak age of onset 16–19 years) and 220 per 100,000 person‐years among males.DiscussionEating disorders are a common public health concern among youth and young adults, affecting one in six females and one in 40 males. Adequate screening efforts, prevention, and interventions are urgently needed.
Cadmium‐based metal–organic framework for removal of dye from aqueous solution
Authors: Hazrati Mahnaz , Safari Meysam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetal–organic framework ([Cd2(oba)2(4‐bpdb)2]
n·3.5(DMF)) (TMU‐8) was successfully synthesized via mechanosynthesis by using nonlinear dicarboxylate and linear N‐donor. The TMU‐8 exhibited accessible cages and tunnels, specific adsorption making it excellent adsorbent for dye removal. The obtained TMU‐8 exhibited accessible cages and tunnels, specific adsorption making them excellent adsorbent for dye removal. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics, and spectroscopic analyses of the removal of the reactive black 5 onto TMU‐8 were studied. Several variables affecting the removal of the reactive black 5, such as sample pH, amount of sorbent, contact time, and salt concentration, were investigated and optimized. The thermodynamic parameters and kinetics characteristics were also analyzed. The thermodynamic parameters and kinetics characteristics were analyzed. The experimental isotherms data were fitted into Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir isotherm equations, and the results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm described the data appropriable than others for reactive black 5 adsorptions. The qmax (mg g−1) was calculated from the Langmuir as 79.36 mg g−1. The fitness of equilibrium data to kinetic models such as, pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order were studied. The adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters like the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were determined by the Gibbs free energy function, confirming that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and feasible.
Multicomposite super‐resolution microscopy: Enhanced Airyscan resolution with radial fluctuation and sample expansions
Authors: Wang Baoju , Yao Longfang , Jing Yueyue , Fei Yiyan , Bai Qianming , Mi Lan , Ma Jiong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEither modulated illumination or temporal fluctuation analysis can assist super‐resolution techniques in overcoming the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopy. As they are not contradictory to each other, an effective combination of spatial and temporal super‐resolution mechanisms would further improve the resolution of fluorescent images. Here, a super‐resolution imaging method called fluctuation‐enhanced Airyscan technology (FEAST) is proposed, which achieves ~40 nm lateral imaging resolution and is useful for a range of fluorescent proteins and organic dyes. It was demonstrated not only to obtain different subcellular super‐resolution images, but also to improve the accuracy of counting the average human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) copy number for diagnosis in breast cancer. Furthermore, the combination of FEAST and sample expansion microscopy (Ex‐FEAST) improves the lateral resolution to ~26 nm.
Long-Term Immobilization in Elderly Females Causes a Specific Pattern of Cortical Bone and Osteocyte Deterioration Different From Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Rolvien Tim , Milovanovic Petar , Schmidt Felix N , von Kroge Simon , Wölfel Eva M , Krause Matthias , Wulff Birgit , Püschel Klaus , Ritchie Robert O , Amling Michael , Busse Björn 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Immobilization as a result of long-term bed rest can lead to gradual bone loss. Because of their distribution throughout the bone matrix and remarkable interconnectivity, osteocytes represent the major mechanosensors in bone and translate mechanical into biochemical signals controlling bone remodeling. To test whether immobilization affects the characteristics of the osteocyte network in human cortical bone, femoral diaphyseal bone specimens were analyzed in immobilized female individuals and compared with age-matched postmenopausal individuals with primary osteoporosis. Premenopausal and postmenopausal healthy individuals served as control groups. Cortical porosity, osteocyte number and lacunar area, the frequency of hypermineralized lacunae, as well as cortical bone calcium content (CaMean) were assessed using bone histomorphometry and quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI). Bone matrix properties were further analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In the immobilization group, cortical porosity was significantly higher, and qBEI revealed a trend toward higher matrix mineralization compared with osteoporotic individuals. Osteocyte density and canalicular density showed a declining rate from premenopausal toward healthy postmenopausal and osteoporotic individuals with peculiar reductions in the immobilization group, whereas the number of hypermineralized lacunae accumulated inversely. In conclusion, reduced osteocyte density and impaired connectivity during immobilization are associated with a specific bone loss pattern, reflecting a phenotype clearly distinguishable from postmenopausal osteoporosis. Immobilization periods may lead to a loss of survival signals for osteocytes, provoking bone loss that is even higher than in osteoporosis states, whereas osteocytic osteolysis remains absent. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A counterintuitive perspective for the role of fat‐free mass in metabolic health
Authors: Lagacé Jean‐Christophe , Brochu Martin , Dionne Isabelle J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFat‐free mass (FFM) has long been recognized to play a role in metabolic homeostasis. Over the years, it has become widely accepted by the scientific and general community alike that having a greater FFM can be protective for metabolic health. Hence, in the context of an aging population concurrently facing sarcopenia and an elevated incidence of metabolic diseases, substantial efforts are being made to study and develop interventions aiming to maintain or increase FFM. However, accumulating evidence now suggests that a large FFM may be deleterious to metabolic health, at least in some populations. The objective of this article is thus to raise awareness surrounding these results and to explore possible explanations and mechanisms underlying this counterintuitive association.
Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and in silico docking studies of new quinazolin‐2,4‐dione analogues as possible anticarcinoma agents
Authors: Abdelmonsef Aboubakr H. , Mosallam Ahmed M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractToday, cancer is considered as one of the major reasons of death in human beings worldwide. We reported herein the synthesis, anticancer activity, and in silico docking studies of a series of nine quinazolindione‐based scaffolds bearing pyrimidine, pyridine, pyran, and pyrazole moieties (1‐9) through Michael addition, Vilsmeier‐Haack, Claisen‐Schmidt, and nucleophilic addition reactions. The chemical structures of the newly prepared compounds were ascertained by means of their spectral analysis techniques like IR, 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C‐NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. This work was conducted to investigate the implication of Rho7 protein in breast and hepatocellular cancer cells aggressively. MCF‐7 and HepG2 cells have been selected as models for the effect of protein expression on breast and hepatocellular cancers cell growth. All prepared compounds were biologically evaluated for their antiproliferative efficacy on hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7); also, their effects on normal cell lines (BALB/3T3) were studied. Moreover, in silico molecular docking studies were studied for the compounds against the binding site of Homo sapiens Rho7 protein. The pharmacokinetic properties of the newer compounds were also evaluated using various computational tools. The compounds showed interesting interactions with satisfactory docking scores to the target Rho7; thus, they may act as promising potent drug candidates against cancer.
Exploring the Global and the Local in Engineering and International Development: Towards a Liquid Engineering Approach
Authors: Robbins Peter , Wield David , Wilson Gordon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis special issue on the global and the local in engineering and development builds on an earlier JID Policy Arena on reflexive engineering. It extends our thinking by elaborating the notion of ‘liquid engineering’, which sees engineering and development as messy and improvisational, a borderland hybrid space, composed of objects and practices, and as reflexive and evolutionary. A set of research articles explore this in different ways using a set of case studies, and the policy arena that follows examines liquid engineering in the context of development practice. All the articles suggest that development engineering is at its most successful when embedded locally and informed by global standards flexed or adapted to local conditions. The local through the integration of relevant case studies can then also shape global practices in useful ways. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of ovalbumin‐derived peptides as multi‐target inhibitors of AChE, BChE, and BACE1
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Dong Wanyi , Wu Sijia , Shen Juntong , Zhao Wenzhu , Ding Long , Liu Jingbo , Zheng Fuping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a kind of progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects the elderly. There is no ideal treatment for AD. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify anti‐AD peptides from ovalbumin.RESULTSThe potential tripeptides IEK, LYR, and CIK were selected for molecular docking. The ‘‐CDOCKER_Energy’ values of the best docking positions of the tripeptide IEK, LYR, and CIK interacting with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were 93.8119, 86.9556 and 73.6370 kcal mol−1, respectively. The ‘‐CDOCKER_Energy’ values for interaction with butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were 96.6386, 80.8392, and 87.4341 kcal mol−1, respectively. Most importantly, the ‘‐CDOCKER_Energy’ values for interaction with β‐site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme1 (BACE1) were 85.5903, 71.3342, and 68.4290 kcal mol−1, respectively. Overall, in vitro assay results demonstrated that the peptide CIK exhibited impressive inhibitory activities against AChE, BChE, and BACE1, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 6.76, 7.72, and 34.48 μmol L−1, respectively. In particular, CIK can be joined with some peripheral anion sites (PAS) and catalytic sites on AChE, BChE, and BACE1.CONCLUSIONTripeptide CIK can effectively inhibit the activities of AChE, BChE, and BACE1. Tripeptide CIK therefore has the potential to treat AD effectively. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Edible films based on aqueous emulsions of low‐methoxyl pectin with recovered and purified sunflower waxes
Authors: Chalapud Mayra C , Baümler Erica R , Carelli Amalia A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDEdible films were obtained from aqueous emulsions prepared with low‐methoxyl pectin at different concentrations (10, 20 and 30 g kg−1) and two sunflower wax samples recovered from two waste samples of filter cakes produced in the winterization process of sunflower oil. The two sunflower waxes samples recovered (from the normal hybrid, NSFW, and from the high‐oleic hybrid, HOSFW) were added in three proportions (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g g‐1 of pectin). Films were evaluated according to their structure, water resistance, water vapor permeability, mechanical properties and thermal behavior.RESULTSIn general, good dispersion of the lipid material was observed in the cross‐sections of the film. Increase in the water resistance (lower swelling index and water adsorption) was associated with a greater pectin content crosslinked with Ca2+ and the hydrophobic nature of waxes. The reduction in water vapor transfer rates was influenced by the effect of the wax addition, their fatty acid composition and their good distribution on the film. More resistant, rigid and less flexible films were obtained with lower pectin content, finding an inverse relationship between tensile strength and elongation percentage values.CONCLUSIONThese results evidence a promising alternative in the development of innovative strategies to valorize sunflower waxes derived from waste material. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Homoisoflavonoids profiling of Ophiopogon japonicus by off‐line coupling high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector‒quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Deng Xu , Xu Jinju , Tong Chaoying , Shi Fangying , Shi Shuyun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRoots of Ophiopogon japonicus have been used as a functional food ingredient and traditional Chinese medicine for a long time in China. Homoisoflavonoids are one of the major kinds of bioactive compounds in O. japonicus; however, literature data about its homoisoflavonoids profile are scarce because of the complex ingredients with low abundance. Here, homoisoflavonoid fraction was prepared by petroleum ether extraction. Then, a high‐speed countercurrent chromatography off‐line coupling with high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector‒quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry was developed for systematic identification of homoisoflavonoids. After that, 39 homoisoflavonoids, including 29 homoisoflavanone and 10 homoisoflavone, were unambiguously or tentatively identified, while 12 of them were reported in O. japonicus for the first time. Finally, eight available homoisoflavonoids were sensitively, precisely, and accurately determined by standard calibration curves, with limit of detection and limit of quantification in the range of 0.05–0.30 μg/mL and 0.12–0.66 μg/mL, relative standard deviation less than 7.3% for intra‐ and interday variations, and recovery at 94.5–105.2%. Collectively, our developed method is efficient, reliable, and valuable to profile chemical components of complex natural products.
Extraction and isolation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Citrus limon peel using an in vitro method
Authors: Liu Chunming , Hou Wanchao , Li Sainan , Tsao Rong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA simple and efficient ultrafiltration–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry–based method was developed for the rapid screening and identification of ligands from Citrus limon peel, which are suitable acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Subsequently, the anti‐Alzheimer's activity of these compounds was assessed using a PC12 cell model. Six major compounds, viz. neoeriocitrin, isonaringin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and limonin, were identified as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. A continuous and efficient online method, which involved the use of a microwave‐assisted extraction device, solvent concentration tank, and centrifugal partition chromatography column, was developed for the scale‐up of these compounds, and the obtained compounds presented high purity. Next, their bioactivity was evaluated using a PC12 cell model. This novel approach, which was based on ultrafiltration–liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, microwave‐assisted extraction online coupled with solvent concentration tank, and centrifugal partition chromatography along with in vitro evaluation, could represent a powerful tool for the screening and extraction of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from complex matrices, and could be a useful platform for the large‐scale production of bioactive and nutraceutical ingredients.
Similar Bird Communities Across Grazing Systems in the Nebraska Sandhills
Authors: Sliwinski Maggi S. , Powell Larkin A. , Schacht Walter H. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTMuch of the remaining native rangeland in the Great Plains in the United States is privately owned and managed for beef production, and this single priority for land use may be contributing to declining avian biodiversity through a loss of structural heterogeneity. One proposed solution is to use multiple grazing systems across ranches, under the assumption that this approach will increase heterogeneity of vegetation structure and avian diversity across the landscape. We tested the relationship between grazing systems and avian diversity in the Nebraska Sandhills during 2014 and 2015 on a landscape that included 11 management units containing 5 different grazing systems. We used multivariate models to examine the relationship of bird diversity and communities to grazing systems at the management unit scale, and we used simulations to combine empirical data from ≥1 grazing system into virtual landscapes to test the hypothesis that multiple grazing systems would result in greater heterogeneity. The 5 most common avian species made up 84% of observations (28 species), and songbird richness was 5–6 species/7.06 ha at 53% of our plots. Variation in each of the diversity measures (Shannon diversity range = 0.41–2.2, Simpson's diversity range = 0.24–0.88) was best explained by the previous dormant season's stocking rate, and richness declined by about 1 species/plot with an increase in 1 animal unit month (AUM)/ha. Songbird community structure showed the most variance between management unit, but grazing system explained little community variation. None of the simulated landscapes consistently had greater structural heterogeneity of visual obstruction reading, litter depth, and cover of bare ground than others, and there was a limited level of heterogeneity overall in the simulated landscapes. In contrast to our predictions, a variety of grazing systems did not increase heterogeneity of vegetation structure across the landscape. Thus, conservation practitioners should encourage the use of other strategies to create structural heterogeneity, such as prescribed fires and extreme stocking rates, which will support a diverse grassland songbird community (i.e., a greater variety of bird species) across the landscape. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.