bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat acclimation during low‐intensity exercise increases and Hsp72, but not markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, in skeletal tissue
Authors: Mang Zachary A. , Fennel Zachary J. , Realzola Rogelio A. , Wells Andrew D. , McKenna Zachary , Droemer Christian , Houck Jonathan M. , Nava Roberto C. , Mermier Christine M. , Amorim Fabiano T. 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Heat acclimation increases tolerance to exercise performed in the heat and may improve maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and performance in temperate environments. However, it is unknown if HA affects the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We showed that heat acclimation increased VO2max in a temperate environment but did not change markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle.

AbstractHeat acclimation (HA) increases tolerance to exercise performed in the heat and may improve maximal oxygen uptake () in temperate environments. However, it is unknown if HA affects the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HA on skeletal muscle markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in recreationally trained adults. Thirteen (7 males and 6 females) individuals underwent 10 days of HA. Participants performed two 45 min bouts of exercise (walking at 30–40% maximal velocity at 3% grade) with 10 min rest per session in a hot environment (∼42°C and 30–50% relative humidity). , ventilatory thresholds (VT), and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CaMK), electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I–IV, and heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in skeletal muscle were measured pre‐ and post‐HA. Comparing day 1 to day 10, HA was confirmed by lower resting core temperature (Tcore) (P = 0.026), final Tcore (P < 0.0001), mean heart rate (HR) (P = 0.002), final HR (P = 0.003), mean ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) (P = 0.026) and final RPE (P = 0.028). Pre‐ to post‐HA (P = 0.045) increased but VT1 (P = 0.263) and VT2 (P = 0.239) were unchanged. Hsp72 (P = 0.007) increased, but skeletal muscle protein expression (PGC‐1α, P = 0.119; TFAM, P = 0.763; CaMK, P = 0.19; ETC I, P = 0.629; ETC II, P = 0.724; ETC III, P = 0.206; ETC IV, P = 0.496) were not affected with HA. HA during low‐intensity exercise increased in a temperate environment and Hsp72 but it did not affect markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle.
Combination of curcumin with autologous transplantation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells leads to more efficient repair of damaged cerebral tissue of rat
Authors: Attari Fatemeh , Ghadiri Tahereh , Hashemi Mansoureh 
Published: July 2020

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Can the neuroprotective agent curcumin affect restorative action of neural stem/progenitor cells in the injured rat brain?

What is the main finding and its importance?
In the presence of curcumin, transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the context of PuraMatrix reduced lesion size and reactive inflammatory responses, and boosted survival rate of grafted neurons. In addition it improved the neurological status of injured animals. This could be beneficial in designing new therapeutic approaches for brain injury based on this combination therapy.

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is catastrophic neurological damage associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. To date, there is no specific treatment for restoring lost brain tissue. In light of the complex pathology of brain injury, the present study evaluated the effects of combination therapy using autologous neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs), PuraMatrix (PM) and curcumin in an animal model of brain injury. After stereotactic biopsy of subventricular zone tissue and culture of NS/PCs, 36 male Wistar rats (150–200 g) were randomly divided into six groups receiving dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), curcumin (100 mg kg−1 in DMSO), PM + curcumin (100 mg kg−1 in DMSO), NS/PCs + curcumin (100 mg kg−1 in DMSO), NS/PCs + PM + curcumin (100 mg kg−1 in DMSO) and NS/PCs + PM + curcumin (1 µm) following acute brain injury. The animals were evaluated in term of neurological status for 4 weeks, then decapitated. Nissl and TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine, glial fibrillary acidic protein, doublecortin, Map2, Olig2, Iba1 and CD68 were performed. We found that combination therapy by NS/PCs + PM + curcumin reduced the lesion size, astrogliosis, macrophage and microglial reaction as well as the number of apoptotic cells. Moreover, the transplanted cells were able to survive and differentiate after 4 weeks. Besides these findings, transplantation of NS/PCs in the context of PM and curcumin improved the neurological status of injured animals. In conclusion, our data suggest that this combination therapy can be beneficial in developing future therapeutic approaches for brain injury.
Modulation of information processing by AMPA receptor auxiliary subunits
Authors: Jacobi Eric , von Engelhardt Jakob 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAMPA‐type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are key molecules of neuronal communication in our brain. The discovery of AMPAR auxiliary subunits, such as proteins of the TARP, CKAMP and CNIH families, fundamentally changed our understanding of how AMPAR function is regulated. Auxiliary subunits control almost all aspects of AMPAR function in the brain. They influence AMPAR assembly, composition, structure, trafficking, subcellular localization and gating. This influence has important implications for synapse function. In the present review, we first discuss how auxiliary subunits affect the strength of synapses by modulating number and localization of AMPARs in synapses as well as their glutamate affinity, conductance and peak open probability. Next we explain how the presence of auxiliary subunits alters temporal precision and integrative properties of synapses by influencing gating kinetics of the receptors. Auxiliary subunits of the TARP and CKAMP family modulate synaptic short‐term plasticity by increasing anchoring of AMPARs in synapses and by altering their desensitization kinetics. We then describe how auxiliary subunits of the TARP, CKAMP and CNIH families are involved in Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, which can be explained by their influence on surface trafficking and synaptic targeting. In conclusion, the series of studies covered in this review show that auxiliary subunits play a pivotal role in controlling information processing in the brain by modulating synaptic computation.
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Paracellular bicarbonate flux across human cystic fibrosis airway epithelia tempers changes in airway surface liquid pH
Authors: Thornell Ian M. , Rehman Tayyab , Pezzulo Alejandro A. , Welsh Michael J. 
Published: July 2020

Key points
Cl− and HCO3− had similar paracellular permeabilities in human airway epithelia.
PCl/PNa of airway epithelia was unaltered by pH 7.4 vs. pH 6.0 solutions.
Under basal conditions, calculated paracellular HCO3− flux was secretory.
Cytokines that increased airway surface liquid pH decreased or reversed paracellular HCO3− flux.
HCO3− flux through the paracellular pathway may counterbalance effects of cellular H+ and HCO3− secretion.
AbstractAirway epithelia control the pH of airway surface liquid (ASL), thereby optimizing respiratory defences. Active H+ and HCO3− secretion by airway epithelial cells produce an ASL that is acidic compared with the interstitial space. The paracellular pathway could provide a route for passive HCO3− flux that also modifies ASL pH. However, there is limited information about paracellular HCO3− flux, and it remains uncertain whether an acidic pH produced by loss of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator anion channels or proinflammatory cytokines might alter the paracellular pathway function. To investigate paracellular HCO3− transport, we studied differentiated primary cultures of human cystic fibrosis (CF) and non‐CF airway epithelia. The paracellular pathway was pH‐insensitive at pH 6.0 vs. pH 7.4 and was equally permeable to Cl− and HCO3−. Under basal conditions at pH ∼6.6, calculated paracellular HCO3− flux was weakly secretory. Treating epithelia with IL‐17 plus TNFα alkalinized ASL pH to ∼7.0, increased paracellular HCO3− permeability, and paracellular HCO3− flux was negligible. Applying IL‐13 increased ASL pH to ∼7.4 without altering paracellular HCO3− permeability, and calculated paracellular HCO3− flux was absorptive. These results suggest that HCO3− flux through the paracellular pathway counterbalances, in part, changes in the ASL pH produced via cellular mechanisms. As the pH of ASL increases towards that of basolateral liquid, paracellular HCO3− flux becomes absorptive, tempering the alkaline pH generated by transcellular HCO3− secretion.
Stable Grasp Control With a Robotic Exoskeleton Glove
Authors: Vanteddu Teja , Ben-Tzvi Pinhas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
An exoskeleton robotic glove intended for patients who have suffered paralysis of the hand due to stroke or other factors has been developed and integrated. The robotic glove has the potential to aid patients with grasping objects as part of their daily life activities. Grasp stability was studied and researched by various research groups, but mainly focused on robotic grippers by devising conditions for a stable grasp of objects. Maintaining grasp stability is important so as to reduce the chances of the object slipping and dropping. But there was little focus on the grasp stability of robotic exoskeleton gloves, and most of the research was focused on mechanical design. A robotic exoskeleton glove was developed as well as novel methods to improve the grasp stability. The glove is constructed with rigidly coupled four-bar linkages attached to the finger tips. Each linkage mechanism has one-DOF (degree of freedom) and is actuated by a linear series elastic actuator (SEA). Two methods were developed to satisfy two of the conditions required for a stable grasp. These include deformation prevention of soft objects, and maintaining force and moment equilibrium of the objects being grasped. Simulations were performed to validate the performance of the proposed algorithms. A battery of experiments was performed on the integrated prototype in order to validate the performance of the algorithms developed.
Design of an Accurate and Stiff Wooden Industrial Robot: First Steps Toward Robot Eco-sustainable Mechanical Design
Authors: Briot Sébastien , Kaci Lila , Boudaud Clément , Llevat Pamiès David , Lafoux Pauline , Martinet Philippe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the feasibility of replacing metal robot links by wooden bodies for eco-sustainable design’s purpose. Wood is a material with low environmental impact and a good mass-to-stiffness ratio. However, it has significant dimensional and mechanical variabilities. This is an issue for industrial robots that must be accurate and stiff. To guarantee stiffness and accuracy performance of a wooden robot, we propose an integrated design process combining (i) proper wood selection, (ii) adequate sensor-based control strategies to ensure robot accuracy, and (iii) a robust design approach dealing with wood uncertainties. Based on the use of this integrated design process, a prototype of a wooden five-bar mechanism is designed and manufactured. Experimental results show that it is realistic to design a wooden robot with performance compatible with industry requirements in terms of stiffness (deformations lower than 400 μm for 20 N loads) and accuracy (repeatability lower than 60 μm), guaranteed in a workspace of 800 mm × 200 mm. This study provides a first step toward the eco-sustainable mechanical design of robots.
Opportunities and Challenges in Metal Forming for Lightweighting: Review and Future Work
Authors: Cao Jian , Banu Mihaela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purposes of this review are to summarize the historical progress in the last 60 years of lightweight metal forming, to analyze the state-of-the-art, and to identify future directions in the context of Cyber-physically enabled circular economy. In honoring the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Manufacturing Engineering Division of ASME, this review paper first provides the impact of the metal forming sector on the economy and historical perspectives of metal forming research work published by the ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, followed by the motivations and trends in lightweighting. To achieve lightweighting, one needs to systematically consider: (1) materials and material characterization; (2) innovative forming processes; and (3) simulation tools for integrated part design and process design. A new approach for process innovation, i.e., the Performance-Constraints-Mechanism-Innovation (PCMI) framework, is proposed to systematically seek new processes. Finally, trends and challenges for the further development in circular economy are presented for future exploration.
Thermotectonic evolution of the Paleozoic granites along the Shangdan suture zone (central China): Crustal growth and differentiation by magma underplating in an orogenic belt
Authors: Qin Jiang-Feng , Lai Shao-Cong , Long Xiao-Ping , Zhang Ze-Zhong , Ju Yin-Juan , Zhu Ren-Zhi , Wang Xing-Ying , Li Yong-Fei , Wang Jiang-Bo , Li Tong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe nature of source rocks and the pressure-temperature-hydration (P-T-H2O) condition are the two main factors that control the geochemical properties of granites. Therefore, the evolution of P-T-H2O conditions can be used to deduce the tectonic setting of granites. In this paper, we report on three Paleozoic granite plutons along the Shangdan suture that revealed increasing melting temperature and decreasing pressure from 437 to 403 Ma, suggesting a crustal thinning process. The Tieyupu granodiorites (437 ± 4 Ma) display Na-rich adakite affinity, i.e., SiO2 = 69.1–70.1 wt%, Na2O/K2O = 1.9–2.26, positive zircon εHf(t) values (+4.29 to +12.04), and high Sr/Y (137–160) and Y/Yb (9.89–10.25) ratios, implying a garnet-rich residue in their source. In combination with moderate zircon saturation temperatures (814–822 °C), we infer that the Tieyupu granodiorites were formed by melting of Neoproterozoic metabasites under high-pressure (&gt;1.5 GPa) and moderate-temperature (HP-MT) conditions. The Liangchahe granodiorites (415 ± 8 Ma) also display Na-rich adakite affinity, i.e., higher Na2O/K2O (2.16–3.11) and lower Sr/Y (77–88) ratios, and higher zircon saturation temperatures (854–874 °C), and they are interpreted to have been derived from melting of metabasites under moderate-pressure (&gt;1.0 GPa) and high-temperature (MP-HT) conditions. Their variable zircon εHf(t) values (−14.97 to +9.80) and the existence of zircon xenocrysts suggest that the primitive adakitic melts were assimilated by evolved crustal components. The Yaogou monzogranites (403 ± 4 Ma) have the highest K2O/Na2O (0.81–1.00) ratios and total rare earth element (ΣREE; 105–191 ppm) contents, lowest Sr/Y (14–43) ratios, positive zircon εHf(t) values (+6.79 to +12.22), and highest zircon saturation temperatures (891–973 °C), showing they were formed by high-temperature melting of intermediate rocks under low-pressure conditions (&lt;1.0 GPa). The evolution of P-T conditions revealed by these three granites suggests that crustal growth and differentiation were related to gradual extensional and melting of mafic protoliths in the orogenic belt.
Treatment strategies for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the era of lipid-lowering drugs: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Bai Xuesong , Feng Yao , Li Long , Yang Kun , Wang Tao , Luo Jichang , Wang Xue , Ling Feng , Ma Yan , Jiao Liqun 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionCarotid endarterectomy (CEA), carotid artery stenting (CAS) and best medical therapy (BMT) are the major treatments used for significant asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS, ≥50%). However, the widespread use of lipid-lowering drugs in this century has improved BMT outcomes. This study aims to compare the treatment efficacy of current BMT, CEA+BMT and CAS+BMT in patients with significant ACAS.Methods and analysisThis protocol was designed based on the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Publication time for studies will be set from 1 January 2000 to 1 June 2020. We will search three databases: PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library. Suitable randomised controlled studies will be screened. The primary outcomes will include short-term and long-term mortality, stroke and myocardial infarction. OR and HR for dichotomous data and time-to-event data with 95% CIs will be calculated. Treatment effects among different therapies will be ranked according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and mean rank. A comprehensive evaluation of the risk of bias, heterogeneity and transitivity will be performed before data synthesis. Consistency and evidence quality will also be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThere will be no need for ethics approval as this systematic review is a summary and analysis of existing literature. Final results may be presented in international conferences or a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019138942.
Heparin-binding protein as a biomarker of gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Sun Jia-Kui , Shen Xiao , Sun Xin-Pei , Wang Xiang , Zhang Wen-Hao , Shi Qian-Kun , Mu Xin-Wei 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of plasma heparin-binding protein (HBP) with the development of acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) in critically ill patients.DesignClinical retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingA general teaching hospital in China.ParticipantsAdult patients (age ≥18 years) admitted to our department with an intensive care unit (ICU) stay ≥5 days.Main outcome measuresHBP levels were recorded twice or more within 5 days after admission. The initial AGI grades and the worst AGI grades within 5 days after admission, the number of patients receiving total enteral nutrition (TEN) and the number of patients with feeding intolerance (FI) and with sepsis were also recorded, along with some clinical severity and outcome variables.ResultsFrom June 2018 to May 2019, 221 patients were enrolled in this study. We divided patients into four groups based on the HBP values: HBP ≤20 ng/mL, 20<HBP ≤50 ng/mL, 50<HBP ≤100 ng/mL and HBP >100 ng/mL. Significant differences were found in the ratios of AGI deterioration and TEN and the incidence rates of FI and sepsis among the four groups. Differences were also found among the groups regarding the worst AGI grades. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves for AGI deterioration, severe AGI (grades II or above), TEN and FI were 0.738 (p=0.001), 0.774 (p<0.001), 0.810 (p<0.001) and 0.729 (p=0.001), respectively. The optimal HBP cut-off values for AGI deterioration and severe AGI were 53.27 ng/mL and 41.26 ng/mL, respectively. However, no differences in ICU duration or 28-day mortality were found.ConclusionsHBP levels were associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients. Increased HBP was positively correlated with sepsis but it was not correlated with 28-day mortality.
Exploring the multiple policy objectives for primary care networks: a qualitative interview study with national policy stakeholders
Authors: Checkland Kath , Hammond Jonathan , Warwick-Giles Lynsey , Bailey Simon 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesEnglish general practice is suffering a workforce crisis, with general practitioners retiring early and trainees reluctant to enter the profession. To address this, additional funding has been offered, but only through participation in collaborations known as primary care networks (PCNs). This study explored national policy objectives underpinning PCNs and the mechanisms expected to help achieve these, from the perspective of those driving the policy.DesignQualitative semistructured interviews and policy document analysis.Setting and participantsNational-level policy maker and stakeholder interviewees (n=16). Policy document analysis of the Network Contract Direct Enhanced Service draft service specifications.AnalysisInterviews were transcribed, coded and organised thematically according to policy objectives and mechanisms. Thematic data were organised into a matrix so prominent elements can be identified and emphasised accordingly. Themes were considered alongside objectives embedded in PCN draft service delivery requirements.ResultsThree themes of policy objectives and associated mechanisms were identified: (1) supporting general practice, (2) place-based interorganisational collaboration and (3) primary care ‘voice’. Interviewees emphasised and sequenced themes differently, suggesting meeting objectives for one was necessary to realise another. Interviewees most closely linked to primary care emphasised the importance of theme 1. The objectives embedded in draft service delivery requirements primarily emphasised theme 2.ConclusionsThese policy objectives are not mutually exclusive but may imply different approaches to prioritising investment or necessitate more explicit temporal sequencing, with the stabilisation of a struggling primary care sector probably needing to occur before meaningful engagement with other community service providers can be achieved or a ‘collective voice’ is agreed. Multiple objectives create space for stakeholders to feel dissatisfied when implementation details do not match expectations, as the negative reaction to draft service delivery requirements illustrates. Our study offers policy makers suggestions about how confidence in the policy might be restored by crafting delivery requirements so all groups see opportunities to meet favoured objectives.
Time to diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the IPF-PRO Registry
Authors: Snyder Laurie D , Mosher Christopher , Holtze Colin H , Lancaster Lisa H , Flaherty Kevin R , Noth Imre , Neely Megan L , Hellkamp Anne S , Bender Shaun , Conoscenti Craig S , de Andrade Joao A , Whelan Timothy PM 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with high mortality. Patient characteristics associated with diagnostic delays are not well described.MethodsSubjects who had not been diagnosed with IPF prior to referral and received a new diagnosis of IPF at an enrolling centre for the IPF-PRO (IdiopathicPulmonaryFibrosisProspective Outcomes) Registry were characterised as having a longer (>1 year) or shorter (≤1 year) time from symptom onset to diagnosis and from first imaging evidence of fibrosis to diagnosis. Patient characteristics, evaluations and time to death or lung transplant were compared between these cohorts.ResultsAmong 347 patients with a symptom onset date, 49% were diagnosed with IPF >1 year after symptom onset. These patients were slightly younger and had more cardiac comorbidities than patients diagnosed ≤1 year after symptom onset. Among 454 patients with a date for imaging evidence of fibrosis, 78% were diagnosed with IPF ≤1 year later. A greater proportion of patients with >1 year versus ≤1 year from imaging evidence of fibrosis to diagnosis had cardiac comorbidities and gastro-oesophageal reflux. There was no significant difference in time to death or lung transplant between groups by time to diagnosis.ConclusionsThe time from symptom onset to diagnosis remains over 1 year in approximately half of the patients with IPF, but once imaging evidence is obtained, most of the patients are diagnosed within a year. Cardiac conditions and gastro-oesophageal disorders were more commonly reported in patients with a longer time to diagnosis.