bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identificación de los factores de riesgo encontrados en pacientes mayores de sesenta años que desarrollaron delírium durante su hospitalización en el Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Torres Diana , Ruiz Sánchez Carolina , Zarco Luis Alfonso 
Published: February 2020

Introducción: La presencia de factores precipitantes de delírium, sumados a los factores predisponentes, incrementa significativamente el riesgo de desarrollarlo durante una hospitalización.Objetivos: Conocer los factores predisponentes y precipitantes de delírium en un hospital de cuarto nivel de Bogotá.Metodología: Un estudio prospectivo de casos y controles en que se incluyeron pacientes mayores de sesenta años de edad, durante dos años (junio de 2005-junio de 2007), para identificar los factores de riesgo predisponentes y precipitantes de delírium más frecuentes. Se incluyeron 56 pacientes, de los cuales 28 desarrollaron delírium durante la hospitalización y en ellos se analizaron los factores de riesgo predisponentes y precipitantes. Se incluyeron 28 pacientes como controles que no tenían criterios de delírum y se compararon con los casos.Resultados: Dentro de los factores predisponentes más frecuentes está el uso de lentes, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica de base, la insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva, el cáncer de base y los medicamentos; pero no se determinó que estos incrementaran de manera significativa el riesgo de delírium; mientras que dentro de los factores precipitantes fue significativa la presencia de infecciones, en particular las de vías urinarias, y neumonías, para incrementar el riesgo con un OR de 3,66 y una p = 0,028.Conclusiones: Las infecciones deben ser tenidas en cuenta como factor que incrementa el riesgo de delírium.
Effects of Mindfulness Practice on Performance and Factors Related to Performance in Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review
Authors: Corbally Linda , Wilkinson Mick , Fothergill Melissa A. 
Published: February 2020

Fatigue, boredom, pain, performance anxiety, and negative thoughts are challenges characteristic of competitive running. One psychological technique that is gaining support and has been successfully implemented in sport is the practice of mindfulness. Where conventional psychological skills training interventions aim to change dysfunctional thoughts and emotions, mindfulness focuses on altering the relationship to physiological and psychological states. This could help in dealing with the demands of distance running but this has yet to be examined. This article was focused on reviewing mindfulness interventions on performance and performance-based factors in long distance running, assessing (a) mindfulness scores, (b) physiological performance-related factors, (c) psychological performance-related factors, and (d) performance outcomes. A search of relevant electronic databases yielded seven studies which met the inclusion criteria. The review provided some tentative support for the use of mindfulness interventions regarding: reducing competitive anxiety, attenuating immune responses to high-intensity running, and increasing state mindfulness. However, due to the methodological weaknesses of studies more research is required using high-quality randomized controlled trial designs.
Patients’ perspectives of tuberculosis treatment challenges and barriers to treatment adherence in Ukraine: a qualitative study
Authors: Aibana Omowunmi , Dauria Emily , Kiriazova Tetiana , Makarenko Olena , Bachmaha Mariya , Rybak Natasha , Flanigan Timothy Palen , Petrenko Vasyl , Becker Anne E , Murray Megan B 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo understand the challenges faced by patients with tuberculosis (TB) and factors that influence TB treatment adherence in Ukraine.DesignQualitative study.SettingTB treatment facilities in Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine.ParticipantsSixty adults who had undergone treatment for drug-sensitive TB between June 2012 and August 2015.MethodsWe conducted semistructured, in-depth, individual interviews among a purposively selected clinical sample of patients previously treated for drug-sensitive TB. Interview content encompassed WHO’s framework for barriers to adherence to long-term therapies and included questions about patient preferences and motivators concerning treatment adherence. We examined treatment experience across strata defined by previously identified risk correlates of non-adherence.ResultsAmong 60 participants, 19 (32.8%) were HIV positive, 12 (20.3%) had substance use disorder and 9 (15.0%) had not completed TB treatment. Respondents discussed the psychological distress associated with hospital-based TB care, as well as perceived unsupportive, antagonistic interactions with TB providers as major challenges to treatment adherence. An additional barrier to successful treatment completion included the financial toll of lost income during TB treatment, which was exacerbated by the additional costs of ancillary medications and transportation to ambulatory TB clinics. The high pill burden of TB treatment also undermined adherence. These challenges were endorsed among participants with and without major risk factors for non-adherence.ConclusionsOur findings highlight important barriers to TB treatment adherence in this study population and suggest specific interventions that may be beneficial in mitigating high rates of poor treatment outcomes for TB in Ukraine.
Using the Kirkpatrick Model to evaluate the Maternity and Neonatal Emergencies (MANE) programme: Background and study protocol
Authors: Cullinane Meabh , McLachlan Helen L , Newton Michelle S , Zugna Stefanie A , Forster Della A 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionOver 310 000 women gave birth in Australia in 2016, with approximately 80 000 births in the state of Victoria. While most of these births occur in metropolitan Melbourne and other large regional centres, a significant proportion of Victorian women birth in local rural health services. The Victorian state government recently mandated the provision of a maternal and neonatal emergency training programme, called Maternal and Newborn Emergencies (MANE), to rural and regional maternity service providers across the state. MANE aims to educate maternity and newborn care clinicians about recognising and responding to clinical deterioration in an effort to improve clinical outcomes. This paper describes the protocol for an evaluation of the MANE programme.Methods and analysisThis study will evaluate the effectiveness of MANE in relation to: clinician confidence, skills and knowledge; changes in teamwork and collaboration; and consumer experience and satisfaction, and will explore and describe any governance changes within the organisations after MANE implementation. The Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model will provide a framework for the evaluation. The participants of MANE, 27 rural and regional Victorian health services ranging in size from approximately 20 to 1000 births per year, will be invited to participate. Baseline data will be collected from maternity service staff and consumers at each health service before MANE delivery, and at four time-points post-MANE delivery. There will be four components to data collection: a survey of maternity services staff; follow-up interviews with Maternity Managers at health services 4 months after MANE delivery; consumer feedback from all health services collected through the Victorian Healthcare Experience Survey; case studies with five regional or rural health service providers.Ethics and disseminationThis evaluation has been approved by the La Trobe University Science, Health and Engineering College Human Ethics Sub-Committee. Findings will be presented to project stakeholders in a deidentified report, and disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Scoping review of pharmacy-based initiatives for preventing unintended pregnancy: protocol
Authors: Buckingham Philippa , Amos Natalie , Hussainy Safeera Yasmeen , Mazza Danielle 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionDue to a high global incidence of unintended pregnancy, finding novel ways to increase the accessibility of contraceptive products and information is critical. One proposed strategy is to use the accessibility of community pharmacies and expand the role of pharmacists to deliver these services. This protocol reports the methods of a proposed scoping review of pharmacy-based initiatives for preventing unintended pregnancy. We intend to identify the range of interventions employed by pharmacists worldwide and their outcomes and aim to infer the value of task sharing for reducing certain access and equity barriers to contraception.Methods and analysisThis protocol was developed with guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Reviews. Reporting is compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols. The scoping review will be reported according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were systematically searched for relevant literature published in English from 2000, on 22 August 2019. Two authors will individually screen articles for eligibility in Covidence and data will be charted and reported using a tool developed for the purpose of this review.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be disseminated in publications and presentations with relevant stakeholders. Ethical approval is not required as we will be using data from publicly available literature sources. We will map available evidence across the breadth of studies that have been conducted and identify the effectiveness and acceptability of interventions.
ABO blood groups and hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jing Wenzhan , Zhao Siyu , Liu Jue , Liu Min 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Several studies have reported that ABO blood groups may be associated with HBV infection. However, its association is still controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether ABO blood groups were associated with HBV infection.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesRelevant studies available before 1 December 2019 were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and the Cochrane Library.Eligibility criteriaAll cross-sectional or cohort studies from which the data of ABO blood group distribution and HBV infection could be extracted.Data extraction and synthesisStudies were identified and extracted by two reviewers independently. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were pooled by random-effect models to quantify this association.ResultsThirty-eight eligible articles including 241 868 HBV-infected subjects and 6 487 481 uninfected subjects were included. Overall, the risk of HBV infection had decreased by 8% in subjects with blood group B when compared with non-B blood group (RR=0.92, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.98). In the subgroup analyses, the inverse relationship between blood group B and HBV infection remained stable in higher endemic areas (HBV prevalence ≥5%), Asian people, larger sample size studies (≥2000), general population and blood donors, lower middle income group and studies published before the year 2010. Additionally, subjects with blood group O had a 12% increased risk of HBV infection (RR=1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24) in higher endemic areas. In the sensitivity analysis, the pooled risk estimates of blood group B and HBV infection were still stable.ConclusionsOur data suggested that the blood group B was associated with a lower risk of HBV infection. More research is needed to clarify the precise role of the ABO blood group in HBV infection to address the global question of HBV infection.
Individual-level predictors of practices of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions for infants and young children in West and Central Africa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sagalova Vera , Zagre Noel Marie , Vollmer Sebastian 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesTo explore the role of individual-level and household-level characteristics for practice of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions.DesignSecondary data analysis (cross-sectional).SettingWest and Central Africa.ParticipantsData are from the Demographic and Health Surveys in the time period between 1986 and 2016. The final sample included between 116 325 and 272 238 observations depending on the outcome.Primary and secondary outcome measuresNutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions were identified based on the UNICEF Conceptual Framework for child undernutrition. These were early breastfeeding initiation, minimum dietary diversity, full age-appropriate immunisation, iodised salt usage, vitamin A supplementation, iron supplementation, deworming in children aged 1 to 5, clean cooking fuel, safe drinking water and improved sanitation. Explanatory variables include household, mother and child characteristics. Linear probability models were fitted for each outcome, both unadjusted as well as fully adjusted including primary sampling unit fixed effects.ResultsPrevalence of early breastfeeding initiation was 54.31% (95% CI: 53.22% to 55.41%), minimum dietary diversity 13.89% (95% CI: 13.19% to 14.59%), full age-appropriate immunisation 13.04% (95% CI: 12.49% to 13.59%), iodised salt usage 49.66% (95% CI: 46.79% to 52.53%), vitamin A supplementation 52.87% (95% CI: 51.41% to 54.33%), iron supplementation 10.73% (95% CI: 10.07% to 11.39%), deworming 31.33% (95% CI: 30.06% to 32.60%), clean cooking fuel usage 3.02% (95% CI: 2.66% to 3.38%), safe drinking water 57.85% (95% CI: 56.10% to 59.59%) and improved sanitation 42.49% (95% CI: 40.77% to 44.21%). There was a positive education and wealth gradient for the practices of all interventions except deworming. Higher birth order was positively associated with the practice of early breastfeeding initiation, minimum dietary diversity, vitamin A supplementation and negatively associated with full immunisation and improved sanitation.ConclusionsHousehold, maternal, and child-level characteristics explain practices of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions beyond intervention delivery at the regional level.
Holographic complexity of the electromagnetic black hole
Authors: Jiang Jie , Zhang Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we use the “complexity equals action” (CA) conjecture to evaluate the holographic complexity in some multiple-horzion black holes for the gravitational theory coupled to a first-order source-free electrodynamics. Motivated by the vanishing result of the purely magnetic black hole founded by Goto et al., we investigate the complexity in a static charged black hole with source-free electrodynamics and find that this vanishing feature of the late-time rate is universal for a purely static magnetic black hole. But this result shows some unexpected features of the late-time growth rate. We show how the inclusion of a boundary term for the first-order electromagnetic field to the total action can make the holographic complexity be well-defined and obtain a general expression of the late-time complexity growth rate with these boundary terms. However, the choice of these additional boundary terms is dependent on the specific gravitational theory as well as the black hole geometries. To show this, we apply our late-time result to some explicit cases and show how to choose the proportional constant of the additional boundary term to make the complexity be well-defined in the zero-charge limit. Typically, we investigate the static magnetic black holes in Einstein gravity coupled to a first-order electrodynamics and find that there is a general relationship between the proper proportional constant and the Lagrangian function $$h(\mathcal {F})$$h(F) of the electromagnetic field: if $$h(\mathcal {F})$$h(F) is a convergent function, the choice of the proportional constant is independent on explicit expressions of $$h(\mathcal {F})$$h(F) and it should be chosen as 4/3; if $$h(\mathcal {F})$$h(F) is a divergent function, the proportional constant is dependent on the asymptotic index of the Lagrangian function.
Oncogenic ERG Represses PI3K Signaling through Downregulation of IRS2
Authors: Mao Ninghui , Gao Dong , Hu Wenhuo , Gadal Sunyana , Hieronymus Haley , Wang Shangqian , Lee Young Sun , Sullivan Patrick , Zhang Zeda , Choi Danielle , Rosen Neal , Sawyers Charles L. , Gopalan Anuradha , Chen Yu , Carver Brett S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Genomic rearrangements leading to the aberrant expression of ERG are the most common early events in prostate cancer and are significantly enriched for the concomitant loss of PTEN. Genetically engineered mouse models reveal that ERG overexpression alone is not sufficient to induce tumorigenesis, but combined loss of PTEN results in an aggressive invasive phenotype. Here, we show that oncogenic ERG repressed PI3K signaling through direct transcriptional suppression of IRS2, leading to reduced RTK levels and activity. In accordance with this finding, ERG-positive human prostate cancers had a repressed AKT gene signature and transcriptional downregulation of IRS2. Although overexpression of IRS2 activated PI3K signaling, promoting cell migration in a PI3K-dependent manner, this did not fully recapitulate the phenotype seen with loss of PTEN as PI3K signaling is not as robust as observed in the setting of loss of PTEN. Importantly, deletions of the PTEN locus, which promotes active PI3K signaling, were among the most significant copy-number alterations that co-occurred with ERG genomic rearrangements. This work provides insight on how initiating oncogenic events may directly influence the selection of secondary concomitant alterations to promote oncogenic signaling during tumor evolution.

Significance:
This work provides insight on how initiating oncogenic events may directly influence the selection of secondary concomitant alterations to promote tumorigenesis.
The Canary in the Coal Mine: Biomaterial Implants to Monitor Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Wolf Matthew T. , Elisseeff Jennifer H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Synthetic biomaterials implanted in the body induce a foreign body reaction characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. In this issue of Cancer Research, Oakes and colleagues used biomaterial implants and their associated immunologic activity to develop a “metastasis sensor” for detection of tumor burden at distal sites. A scoring system was developed from computational analysis of gene expression patterns from implant biopsies that could predict the presence of tumor. This unexpected use of biomaterials for early detection of cancer provides a more accurate systemic sampling compared with blood or liquid biopsies and alleviates the need for inefficient imaging and biopsy sampling from potential metastatic target tissues.
See related article by Oakes et al., p. 602
Resenha de 'Operação Lava Jato e a democracia brasileira', de Fábio Kerche e João Feres Jr. (Orgs.)
Authors: Pilau Lucas E Silva Batista 
Published: February 2020

Referência completa da obra: Kerche, Fábio; Feres Jr., João (Orgs). Operação Lava Jato e a democracia brasileira. São Paulo: Editora Contracorrente, 2018.
Local Peroxynitrite Impairs Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Channels and Elevates Blood Pressure in Obesity
Authors: Ottolini Matteo , Hong Kwangseok , Cope Eric L. , Daneva Zdravka , DeLalio Leon J. , Sokolowski Jennifer D. , Marziano Corina , Nguyen Nhiem Y. , Altschmied Joachim , Haendeler Judith , Johnstone Scott R. , Kalani Mohammad Y. , Park Min S. , Patel Rakesh P. , Liedtke Wolfgang , Isakson Brant E. , Sonkusare Swapnil K. 
Published: February 2020

Background:

Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation is a hallmark of obesity-induced hypertension. The recognition that Ca
2+
signaling in endothelial cells promotes vasodilation has led to the hypothesis that endothelial Ca
2+
signaling is compromised during obesity, but the underlying abnormality is unknown. In this regard, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channels are a major Ca
2+
influx pathway in endothelial cells, and regulatory protein AKAP150 (A-kinase anchoring protein 150) enhances the activity of TRPV4 channels.

Methods:
We used endothelium-specific knockout mice and high-fat diet–fed mice to assess the role of endothelial AKAP150-TRPV4 signaling in blood pressure regulation under normal and obese conditions. We further determined the role of peroxynitrite, an oxidant molecule generated from the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide radicals, in impairing endothelial AKAP150-TRPV4 signaling in obesity and assessed the effectiveness of peroxynitrite inhibition in rescuing endothelial AKAP150-TRPV4 signaling in obesity. The clinical relevance of our findings was evaluated in arteries from nonobese and obese individuals.

Results:

We show that Ca
2+
influx through TRPV4 channels at myoendothelial projections to smooth muscle cells decreases resting blood pressure in nonobese mice, a response that is diminished in obese mice. Counterintuitively, release of the vasodilator molecule nitric oxide attenuated endothelial TRPV4 channel activity and vasodilation in obese animals. Increased activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase 1 enzymes at myoendothelial projections in obese mice generated higher levels of nitric oxide and superoxide radicals, resulting in increased local peroxynitrite formation and subsequent oxidation of the regulatory protein AKAP150 at cysteine 36, to impair AKAP150-TRPV4 channel signaling at myoendothelial projections. Strategies that lowered peroxynitrite levels prevented cysteine 36 oxidation of AKAP150 and rescued endothelial AKAP150-TRPV4 signaling, vasodilation, and blood pressure in obesity. Peroxynitrite-dependent impairment of endothelial TRPV4 channel activity and vasodilation was also observed in the arteries from obese patients.

Conclusions:
These data suggest that a spatially restricted impairment of endothelial TRPV4 channels contributes to obesity-induced hypertension and imply that inhibiting peroxynitrite might represent a strategy for normalizing endothelial TRPV4 channel activity, vasodilation, and blood pressure in obesity.