bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of tourism to the renegeration of cities: a route for change
Authors: Santos Álvaro , Branco-Teixeira Miguel 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper identifies and discusses the best possible solutions for regenerating cities, with the aim of creating inclusive, pleasant and sustainable cities and more developed and inclusive societies. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate debate about how to use tourism to regenerate cities.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on background experience in civil engineering and territory planning, this viewpoint discusses the role of tourism in regenerating cities.

Findings
The paper identifies possible ways to take advantage of the enormous potential of tourism in the transition towards more pleasant and sustainable cities and more developed and inclusive societies.

Practical implications
This paper advocates a role for tourism in the creation of environments conducive to the launch of high quality, global, urban operations.

Originality/value
The paper offers ten measures whose implementation could contribute to building more dynamic, pleasant, sustainable and inclusive cities. These measures constitute a “roadmap for change” in urban development.
Synthetic Data in The Civil Service
Authors: Kaloskampis Ioannis , Joshi Chaitanya , Cheung Catrin , Nolan Louisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn a data-driven economy, access to data is vital. So, what happens when data are not available due to disclosure issues or other restrictions? As Ioannis Kaloskampis, Chaitanya Joshi, Catrin Cheung, David Pugh and Louisa Nolan explain, in such situations it may still be possible to draw useful conclusions based on carefully manufactured data
Proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal key regulators associated with cytostatic effect of amino acid transporter LAT1 inhibitor
Authors: Okanishi Hiroki , Ohgaki Ryuichi , Okuda Suguru , Endou Hitoshi , Kanai Yoshikatsu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractL‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in various cancers and plays important roles not only in the amino acid uptake necessary for cancer growth but also in cellular signaling. Recent research studies have reported anticancer effects of LAT1 inhibitors and demonstrated their potential for cancer therapy. Here, we characterized the proteome and phosphoproteome in LAT1‐inhibited cancer cells. We used JPH203, a selective LAT1 inhibitor, and performed tandem mass tag–based quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics on four biliary tract cancer cell lines sensitive to JPH203. Our analysis identified hundreds to thousands of differentially expressed proteins and phosphorylated sites, demonstrating the broad influence of LAT1 inhibition. Our findings showed various functional pathways altered by LAT1 inhibition, and provided possible regulators and key kinases in LAT1‐inhibited cells. Comparison of these changes among cell lines provides insights into general pathways and regulators associated with LAT1 inhibition and particularly suggests the importance of cell cycle–related pathways and kinases. Moreover, we evaluated the anticancer effects of the combinations of JPH203 with cell cycle–related kinase inhibitors and demonstrated their potential for cancer therapy. This is the first study providing the proteome‐wide scope of both protein expression and phosphorylation signaling perturbed by LAT1 inhibition in cancer cells.
Epstein‐Barr virus may contribute to the pathogenesis of adult‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A preliminary study
Authors: Formánek Martin , Formánková Debora , Hurník Pavel , Vrtková Adéla , Komínek Pavel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveHuman papillomavirus (HPV) causes adult‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (AORRP), but AORPP prevalence is much lower than HPV prevalence. Thus, HPV infection is necessary, but not sufficient, to cause AORRP and other factors likely contribute to its pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate whether co‐infection with herpetic viruses may contribute to the pathogenesis of AORRP.DesignProspective case‐control study conducted from January 2018 to November 2019.SettingsTertiary referral centre.ParticipantsEighteen consecutive patients with AORRP and 18 adults with healthy laryngeal mucosa (control group) undergoing surgery.Main outcome measuresCytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 6, varicella zoster virus and HPV (including genotyping) were detected in biopsies of papilloma or healthy mucosa using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot. Dysplasia and Ki67 levels were determined in papilloma specimens.ResultsEBV was present in 6 (33.3%) AORRP patients and no control patients (P = .019). Presence was not dependent on tobacco exposure (P = .413) or HPV genotype or concentration (P > .999). EBV presence was strongly related to increased cell proliferation (P = .005) and number of previous surgeries (P = .039), but not dysplasia (P > .999). Human herpesvirus 6 was found in 3 (16.7%) AORRP biopsies, with one false positive. No other herpetic virus was found.ConclusionsUnlike other herpetic viruses, EBV seems to interact with HPV, enhancing cell proliferation and contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of AORRP. Further research is required to elucidate specific interactions and their role in the pathogenesis of AORRP.
Ranking alien species based on their risks of causing environmental impacts: A global assessment of alien ungulates
Authors: Volery Lara , Jatavallabhula Divija , Scillitani Laura , Bertolino Sandro , Bacher Sven 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor an efficient allocation of the limited resources to alien species management, the most damaging species should be prioritised. Comparing alien species based on their impacts is not straightforward, as the same species can cause different types and magnitudes of impacts when introduced to different contexts, making it difficult to summarise its overall impact. The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) systematically summarises and compares detrimental impacts caused by alien populations to native biota and has been adopted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. For each alien species, all reported impacts to native populations within the introduced range are classified into five levels of severity, from negligible impact to irreversible local extinction. Currently, EICAT only compares alien species based on their highest impact, thereby ignoring variation in impact magnitudes. Here, we used information on the variation in impact magnitudes of alien species to estimate their risks to cause high impacts if introduced to a novel environment. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by classifying the global impacts of alien ungulates. We found impact reports for 27 of the 66 alien ungulate species established worldwide, highlighting substantial knowledge gaps in invasion science. We classified a total of 441 impacts to native fauna and flora caused by these 27 species. Twenty‐six of the species were found to cause harmful impacts (native population declines or local extinctions). Mouflon (Ovis orientalis, Gmelin, 1774) and dromedary (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus, 1758) had a higher risk of causing local extinctions if introduced to a novel environment than sika deer (Cervus nippon, Temminck, 1838) and goats (Capra hircus, Linnaeus, 1758). Including risk of high impacts allows to discriminate among species with the same EICAT classification and improves alien species prioritisation for management.
Neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 has anti‐HBV activity via modulating the ERK‐HNF1α‐C/EBPα‐HNF4α axis
Authors: Xie Mingjie , Guo Huiting , Lou Guohua , Yao Jiping , Liu Yanning , Sun Yi , Yang Zhenggang , Zheng Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. The high levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg are positively associated with the development of secondary liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues mainly reduces viral DNA, but has minimal, if any, inhibitory effect on the viral antigen. Although IFN reduces both HBV DNA and HBsAg, the serious associated side effects limit its use in clinic. Thus, there is an urgent demanding for novel anti‐HBV therapy. In our study, viral parameters were determined in the supernatant of HepG2.2.15 cells, HBV‐expressing Huh7 and HepG2 cells which transfected with HBV plasmids and in the serum of HBV mouse models with hydrodynamic injection of pAAV‐HBV1.2 plasmid. RT‐qPCR and Southern blot were performed to detect 35kb mRNA and cccDNA. RT‐qPCR, Luciferase assay and Western blot were used to determine anti‐HBV effects of MLN4924 and the underlying mechanisms. We found that treatment with MLN4924, the first‐in‐class neddylation inhibitor currently in several phase II clinical trials for anti‐cancer application, effectively suppressed production of HBV DNA, HBsAg, 3.5kb HBV RNA as well as cccDNA. Mechanistically, MLN4924 blocks cullin neddylation and activates ERK to suppress the expression of several transcription factors required for HBV replication, including HNF1α, C/EBPα and HNF4α, leading to an effective blockage in the production of cccDNA and HBV antigen. Our study revealed that neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 has impressive anti‐HBV activity by inhibiting HBV replication, thus providing sound rationale for future MLN4924 clinical trial as a novel anti‐HBV therapy.
Spontaneous intranasal tumours in rabbits: 7 cases (2007‐2019)
Authors: Miwa Y. , Nakata M. , Takimoto H. , Chambers J. K. , Uchida K. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryObjectivesNeoplasms that arise in the nasal cavity are reported infrequently in rabbits. This case series aims to review and determine the clinical behaviour of neoplasms in the nasal cavity in rabbits.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on seven pet rabbits diagnosed with intranasal tumours to describe the clinical and histopathological findings and prognoses after surgery and/or radiotherapy.ResultsThe most common clinical signs were nasal snoring when breathing, nasal discharge, and subsequent dyspnoea and anorexia. Six different histopathological types of tumours were diagnosed: intranasal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, carcinoid tumour, osteoma, and lymphoma. Skull radiography only revealed the abnormalities in three of seven cases but on CT, the intranasal masses were more clearly identified in all cases. All cases received tumour resection through rhinostomy and four cases received radiotherapy after surgery. In the six cases with a known outcome, the survival time after surgery was more than 13 months.Clinical SignificanceThis case series provides an insight of the behavior of intranasal neoplasms in rabbits. Surgical treatment and radiotherapy could improve their clinical sings.
Cautious clams? Energetic state modifies risk assessment in giant clams
Authors: Hayes H. G. , Hollander E. N. R. , Vydro S. A. , Williams D. M. , Blumstein D. T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA fundamental trade‐off exists between the essential activities of acquiring energy and avoiding predators, thus animals are expected to make decisions that optimize foraging and avoid predation. These assessments are often state‐dependent with hungrier animals taking greater risks when foraging. Previous studies have explored state‐dependent risk assessment in a variety of taxa, yet no studies have focused on giant clams, genus Tridacna. These organisms provide a unique system to test foraging‐risk trade‐offs because they have two main energy sources: photosynthesizing symbiotic algae and siphoning nutrients from the water column. These activities can only occur when the clams’ shells are open and the mantle is vulnerable to predation. Here, we tested whether risk assessment in giant clams was state‐dependent. We designed three experiments of different shading durations (within‐day and multiday) to block photosynthesis while allowing limited water flow for siphoning. We measured the latency of the clams to reopen after a simulated predator touch to determine whether different duration of shading modified their antipredator response. Our single‐day experiment did not show a change in the hiding times across the three treatments. However, clams increased their hiding time as the treatments increased food deprivation (no restrictions on flow or photosynthesis, restriction on flow, restriction on flow and photosynthesis) when exposed to treatments for multiple days. Overall, we found that clams that were more energy‐deprived had a longer hiding time. This contrasts with findings from previous state‐dependent risk assessment literature and suggests that clams are more cautious when energy deprived, a result that may be generalizable to other sessile invertebrates.
Racial disparity in healthcare utilization among patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: results from a multicenter cohort
Authors: Silvernale Casey , Kuo Braden , Staller Kyle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRacial disparity in healthcare is defined as differences in healthcare services received by racial groups not due to difference in needs or preferences. As irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is highly correlated with social factors, healthcare disparities are important factors in the sociocultural model of IBS. We used healthcare utilization as a lens to examine potential racial disparities in IBS.MethodsWe retrospectively matched 3823 IBS minority patients who self‐identified as “Hispanic,” “Black,” or “Asian” to white IBS controls and examined the number of patients with gastroenterology consults, gastroenterology procedures, and IBS‐related Primary Care visits within each cohort from 2003 to 2017.Key resultsMinority IBS patients were less likely to receive a gastroenterology consult than white IBS controls. Both Black and Asian IBS patients were more likely to have an IBS‐related Primary Care visit than white IBS controls. All 3 minority IBS cohorts received significantly more gastroenterology procedures compared to white IBS controls.Conclusions & inferencesMinority IBS patients are more likely to receive gastroenterology procedures than white IBS patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether increased procedure likelihood in minority IBS patients represents a communication gap between minority patients and their providers or patient preference.
Suicidal ideation across race in a justice‐involved sample: An item response theory approach
Authors: Ruchensky Jared R. , Balsis Steve , Edens John F. , Douglas Kevin S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesCompared to community samples, rates of suicide are much higher in forensic and correctional settings, yet limited research has focused on the development and improvement of suicide assessment methods used in such contexts. Moreover, despite evidence that suicide assessment varies across Caucasians and African Americans, to our knowledge this important issue has received little attention within higher risk correctional samples. We used Item Response Theory and Differential Item Functioning analyses to address this gap within the literature.MethodSpecifically, we examined the psychometric properties of the Suicidal Ideation scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 2007) in a large sample of justice‐involved individuals.ResultsCaucasians report greater suicidal ideation compared to African American participants on average. However, after controlling for mean differences, Caucasians and African Americans differentially endorsed symptoms of suicidal ideation. If the level of suicidal ideation is held constant across racial categories, Caucasians underreported suicidal ideation relative to African Americans.ConclusionResults suggest a nuanced picture of suicidal ideation across racial categories that can be informed by Item Response Theory approaches to scale construction and refinement.
Molecular phylogenetics of Doraditos (Aves, Pseudocolopteryx): Evolution of cryptic species, vocal and mechanical sounds
Authors: Jordan Emilio A. , Tello José G. , Benítez Saldívar María Juliana , Areta Juan I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile bird vocalizations (produced by the syrinx) have been the focus of countless studies, mechanical sounds (produced by external body structures) have received much less attention. In particular, the evolutionary interplay between these two modes of acoustic communication remains largely unstudied. Here, we present the first species‐level molecular phylogeny of the doraditos (Pseudocolopteryx), reconstruct the evolutionary history of acoustic vocal and non‐vocal characters, elucidate their relationship to feather modifications and aerial displays, and explore the influence of acoustics in the speciation of cryptic species. Our well‐resolved phylogeny using four genes (ND2, COI, MB and ODC), recovered the monophyly of Pseudocolopteryx, resolving the relationships among its five species: ((((P. sclateri) P. acutipennis) P. dinelliana) P. citreola, P. flaviventris). Repetition and translocation of acoustic elements were commonplace in the evolution of Pseudocolopteryx. Songs were composed of introductory syllables and a final flourish. Bill‐snapping sounds of P. sclateri were functionally homologous to introductory vocal syllables of the other species. The song of P. dinelliana evolved to high levels of complexity and repetition and is the syntactically most complex song in Pseudocolopteryx (and perhaps in the Tyrannidae). Aerial displays, mechanical wing sounds and modifications of primary feathers coevolved in three species: P. sclateri, P. acutipennis and P. dinelliana. Wing sounds documented for P. acutipennis and P. dinelliana differed markedly, and their production mechanisms might differ. The two cryptic and sibling species P. flaviventris and P. citreola diverged ∽60,000 Ya were not reciprocally monophyletic and are a case of extremely rapid evolutionary acoustic differentiation with morphological stasis.
Performance Tests on Gas Storage Wells With/Without Thread Defects
Authors: Duan Zhixiang , Shi Kun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gas storage well (GSW) is a type of underground pressure vessel. A series of fatigue and burst tests have been carried out on the simplified gas storage wells with/without thread defects. It can be concluded from the test results that: 1) the quality of the threads and the connecting torque of the threads are the key factor influencing the sealing performance and fatigue property of gas storage wells, the technical requirement of which should be described in the design documents. 2) Under the limited pressure, the threads failure first. The failure mode is pulling-out or leakage. 3) The positions such as connection of well pipe to coupling, connection of well pipe to well head equipment, connection of coupling to well bottom equipment, are the weak parts of the gas storage well. More attention should be paid on these parts in time of designing and in service inspection. 4) for the GSW with only axial thread defect (defect depth &lt; thread height, defect length &lt; thread axial length), the fatigue cycles can be higher than 30,000 and the ultimate strength can be basically equal to the one of the GSW without defects.
News FLASH-RT: To Treat GBM and Spare Cognition, Fraction Size and Total Dose Matter
Authors: Huang Christina C. , Mendonca Marc S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Data indicate that ultrahigh dose rate (&gt;106 Gy/second) FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) delivery of radiation reduces normal tissue damage without compromising tumor response. Orthotopic glioblastoma mouse studies now demonstrate that radiation fraction size, total dose, and number of fractions are critical parameters for FLASH-RT cognitive sparing without compromising tumor response.
See related article by Montay-Gruel et al., p. 775
Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers of Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerosis
Authors: Song Jae W. , Pavlou Athanasios , Xiao Jiayu , Kasner Scott E. , Fan Zhaoyang , Messé Steven R. 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose:
Intracranial atherosclerotic disease is a common cause of stroke worldwide. Intracranial vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging may be able to identify imaging biomarkers of symptomatic plaque. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the strength of association of imaging features of symptomatic plaque leading to downstream ischemic events. Effects on the strength of association were also assessed accounting for possible sources of bias and variability related to study design and magnetic resonance parameters.

Methods:
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to October 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study design, vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging techniques, and imaging end points. Per-lesion odds ratios (OR) were calculated and pooled using a bivariate random-effects model. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis, and evaluation of publication bias were also performed.

Results:

Twenty-one articles met inclusion criteria (1750 lesions; 1542 subjects). Plaque enhancement (OR, 7.42 [95% CI, 3.35–16.43]), positive remodeling (OR, 5.60 [95% CI, 2.23–14.03]), T1 hyperintensity (OR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.27–3.32]), and surface irregularity (OR, 4.50 [95% CI, 1.39–8.57]) were significantly associated with downstream ischemic events. T2 signal intensity was not significant (
P
=0.59). Plaque enhancement was significantly associated with downstream ischemic events in all subgroup analyses and showed stronger associations when measured in retrospectively designed studies (
P
=0.02), by a radiologist as a rater (
P
<0.001), and on lower vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging spatial resolution sequences (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions:
Plaque enhancement, positive remodeling, T1 hyperintensity, and surface irregularity emerged as strong imaging biomarkers of symptomatic plaque in patients with ischemic events. Plaque enhancement remained significant accounting for sources of bias and variability in both study design and instrument. Future studies evaluating plaque enhancement as a predictive marker for stroke recurrence with larger sample sizes would be valuable.
Two routes to precarious success: Australia, New Zealand, COVID-19 and the politics of crisis governance
Authors: Bromfield Nicholas , McConnell Allan 
Published: December 2020

Australia and New Zealand are routinely presented as sharing more in common than the federal and unitary systems separating them. As two modernising Antipodean settler societies, their governing trajectories have embraced waves of public administration/management reform. Shared pathways seem matched by their relative, although precarious and fragile, early successes in the crisis challenges of COVID-19. This article contextualises and examines one crucial point of separation: two very different crisis governance routes to such outcomes. Australia’s federal variant of multi-level governance, more used to addressing diverse regional challenges than shared national threats, has been characterised by an evolving balancing act of multi-jurisdictional agendas and bureaucratic–political conflicts. By contrast, New Zealand’s unitary system of governance, well-versed in the centralisation of power, has produced lower levels of intergovernmental conflict. Our analysis of these differing pathways also makes a contribution to our conceptual understanding of successful crisis governance. Points for practitioners Administrative arrangements based around federal or unitary systems are both quite capable of contributing to successful outcomes. Essential for both are inclusive crisis discussions that are consistent with the norms of the respective systems. Success can be fragile, especially in a pandemic. Appropriate inclusive discussions can facilitate responses to cascading crisis developments and act as a safeguard against complacency.