bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gefitinib Alone Versus Gefitinib Plus Chemotherapy for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Mutated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: NEJ009 Study
Authors: Hosomi Yukio , Morita Satoshi , Sugawara Shunichi , Kato Terufumi , Fukuhara Tatsuro , Gemma Akihiko , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Fujita Yuka , Harada Toshiyuki , Minato Koichi , Takamura Kei , Hagiwara Koichi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Nukiwa Toshihiro , Inoue Akira ,   for the North-East Japan Study Group
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy is highly effective for the treatment of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations; however, little is known about the efficacy and safety of this combination compared with that of standard therapy with EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone. METHODS We randomly assigned 345 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic NSCLC with EGFR mutations to gefitinib combined with carboplatin plus pemetrexed or gefitinib alone. Progression-free survival (PFS), PFS2, and overall survival (OS) were sequentially analyzed as primary end points according to a hierarchical sequential testing method. Secondary end points were objective response rate (ORR), safety, and quality of life. RESULTS The combination group demonstrated a better ORR and PFS than the gefitinib group (ORR, 84% v 67% [ P < .001]; PFS, 20.9 v 11.9 months; hazard ratio for death or disease progression, 0.490 [ P < .001]), although PFS2 was not significantly different (20.9 v 18.0 months; P = .092). Median OS in the combination group was also significantly longer than in the gefitinib group (50.9 v 38.8 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.722; P = .021). The rate of grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events, such as hematologic toxicities, in the combination group was higher than in the gefitinib group (65.3% v 31.0%); there were no differences in quality of life. One treatment-related death was observed in the combination group. CONCLUSION Compared with gefitinib alone, gefitinib combined with carboplatin plus pemetrexed improved PFS in patients with untreated advanced NSCLC with EGFR mutations with an acceptable toxicity profile, although its OS benefit requires further validation.
Evaluation of Early Submaximal Exercise Tolerance in Adolescents with Symptomatic Sport-related Concussion
Authors: MORISSETTE MARC P. , CORDINGLEY DEAN M. , ELLIS MICHAEL J. , LEITER JEFF R. S. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to compare cardiorespiratory response to a graded aerobic exercise challenge between adolescents with symptomatic sport-related concussion (SSRC) and healthy control subjects.

Methods
A quasiexperimental nonrandomized study at a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program was conducted. Thirty-four adolescents with SSRC (19 males and 15 females) and 40 healthy control subjects (13 males and 27 females) completed the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Testing (BCTT) until either symptom exacerbation or volitional fatigue. Main outcome measures included heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (V˙O2), carbon dioxide production (V˙CO2), and minute ventilation (V˙E) at rest and at test termination, and change from rest in variables (ΔHR, ΔV˙O2, ΔV˙CO2, and ΔV˙E) during the first five stages of the BCTT. Main outcomes were analyzed using three-way mixed-model ANOVA, with group status (control vs SSRC) and sex (male vs female) as between-subject factors, and time (BCTT stage) as the within-subject factor.

Results
No group differences in resting HR, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ΔV˙O2, V˙CO2, and V˙E were observed. During the first five stages of the BCTT, no group differences in ΔV˙O2, V˙CO2, and V˙E were observed; however, SSRC patients demonstrated higher RPE (P < 0.0005) compared with control subjects. No sex-based differences were observed among SSRC patients on measures collected at rest and during early stages of BCTT.

Conclusions
Although SSRC patients exhibited higher RPE during a graded aerobic exercise challenge, no differences in cardiorespiratory response were observed compared with control subjects exercising at equivalent workloads. Further work is needed to elucidate the physiological mechanisms underlying exercise intolerance after SSRC.
Prospectively Reallocating Sedentary Time: Associations with Cardiometabolic Health
Authors: YATES THOMAS , EDWARDSON CHARLOTTE L. , HENSON JOSEPH , ZACCARDI FRANCESCO , KHUNTI KAMLESH , DAVIES MELANIE J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate whether prospectively reallocating time away from sedentary behavior (SB) into different physical activity intensities is associated with 12-month change to cardiometabolic health in a cohort at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods
Participants with known risk factors for T2DM were recruited from primary care (Leicestershire, United Kingdom) as part of the Walking Away from Type 2 Diabetes trial (n = 808). Participants were followed up at 12, 24, and 36 months. SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) were measured objectively by accelerometer. Postchallenge glucose, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference were analyzed individually and combined into a clustered cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS). Associations of changing SB over each consecutive 12-month period were analyzed taking account of repeated measures.

Results
Reallocating 30 min from SB to LPA was associated with 0.21-cm (95% confidence interval, 0.03–0.38 cm) reduction in waist circumference, 0.09-mmol·L−1 (0.04–0.13 mmol·L−1) reduction in 2-h glucose, 0.02-mmol·L−1 (0.00–0.04 mmol·L−1) reduction in triglycerides, and 0.02 (0.01–0.03) reduction in CMRS. Every 30-min reallocation from SB to MVPA was associated with 1.23-cm (0.68–1.79 cm) reduction in waist circumference, 0.23-mmol·L−1 (0.10–0.36 mmol·L−1) reduction in 2-h glucose, 0.04-mmol·L−1 (0.00–0.09 mmol·L−1) reduction in triglycerides, and 0.07 (0.04–0.11) reduction in CMRS. Reallocating 30 min from LPA into MVPA was also associated with 1.02-cm (0.43–1.60 cm) reduction in waist circumference, 0.16-mmol·L−1 (0.02–0.30 mmol·L−1) reduction in 2-h glucose, and 0.05 (0.01–0.09) reduction in CMRS.

Conclusion
Over 12 months, reallocating time away from SB into LPA or MVPA was associated with improved cardiometabolic health in a population at risk of T2DM, with the greatest benefits observed for MVPA.
Reproducibility of Accelerometer and Posture-derived Measures of Physical Activity
Authors: SAINT-MAURICE PEDRO F. , SAMPSON JOSHUA N. , KEADLE SARAH KOZEY , WILLIS ERIK A. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , MATTHEWS CHARLES E. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The present study estimated the long-term reproducibility of accelerometer-based measures over 6 months in adults and the implications for statistical power, and attenuation in regression coefficients for future activity–disease studies.

Methods
We used data from 914 adults in the Interactive Diet and Activity Tracking in AARP study. Participants wore an activPAL 3 (AP) and an ActiGraph GT3X (AG) twice, 6 months apart. AP measures included time spent sitting or lying, standing, and stepping, whereas AG measures included time spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA). Reproducibility of each metric and implications for epidemiological studies were determined based on intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; 95% confidence interval).

Results
The ICC values for AP estimates were 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.63) for sitting, 0.62 (0.57–0.67) for standing, and 0.57 (0.51–0.62) for stepping. The ICC values for AG were 0.56 (0.50–0.61) for sedentary, 0.54 (0.49–0.60) for light PA, and 0.58 (0.52–0.63) for moderate-to-vigorous PA. Modeling showed that increasing the number of replicate administrations to two or three resulted in the most noticeable increases in ICC values, statistical power, and reductions in attenuation coefficients. For example, administering the AP twice reduced within-subject variability by half and resulted in an increase in the ICC associated with sitting time from 0.58 to 0.74. Similar comparisons for AG and measure of sedentary time resulted in an increase in ICC values from 0.56 to 0.72. Increasing the number of replicate administrations from one to two reduced the attenuation in activity–outcome associations from 40% to 25%.

Conclusion
Accelerometer-based classifications of activity are moderately stable over time, but there is considerable within-subject variability that needs to be considered when estimating usual activity in future studies.
<p><strong>Phlebotomine sand flies (Psychodidae: Diptera) of Sri Lanka: a review on diversity, biology and bionomics</strong></p>
Authors: WIJERATHNA THARAKA , GUNATHILAKA NAYANA 
Published: November 2019

Phlebotomine sand flies are medically important insects widespread throughout the world and responsible for the transmission of several diseases to humans and other animals including leishmaniasis and sand fly fever. In Sri Lanka, a total of 22 species of sand flies belonging to two genera, namely: Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, have been recorded with 6 and 16 species, respectively. The current study reports a complete list of the species of sand flies reported from Sri Lanka with a review on global and local distribution, biology and bionomics of each species as per published literature up to June 2018. Keywords: Sand fly, distribution, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae
Elements of Scarcity
Authors: Cole-Hamilton David J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We used to chant a rhyme when we were young (I had three dominant sisters and no brothers!): “What are little girls made of? Sugar and spice and all things nice. What are little boys made of? Slugs and snails and puppy dog’s tails.” The truth is, of course, that they are all made from the same things, as is everything around them that makes up our diverse and beautiful world as well as much of the universe—the 90 natural elements that are the building blocks of life. It is an amazing thought that these are only building blocks so it is essential that we should nurture and cherish all of them if we are to continue to enjoy life in its abundance.
A diagnostic time-out to improve differential diagnosis in pediatric abdominal pain
Authors: Kasick Rena T. , Melvin Jennifer E. , Perera Sajithya T. , Perry Michael F. , Black Joshua D. , Bode Ryan S. , Groner Jonathan I. , Kersey Kelly E. , Klamer Brett G. , Bai Shasha , McClead Richard E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Pediatric abdominal pain is challenging to diagnose and often results in unscheduled return visits to the emergency department. External pressures and diagnostic momentum can impair physicians from thoughtful reflection on the differential diagnosis (DDx). We implemented a diagnostic time-out intervention and created a scoring tool to improve the quality and documentation rates of DDx. The specific aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to increase the frequency of resident and attending physician documentation of DDx in pediatric patients admitted with abdominal pain by 25% over 6 months.

Methods
We reviewed a total of 165 patients admitted to the general pediatrics service at one institution. Sixty-four history and physical (H&P) notes were reviewed during the baseline period, July–December 2017; 101 charts were reviewed post-intervention, January–June 2018. Medical teams were tasked to perform a diagnostic time-out on all patients during the study period. Metrics tracked monthly included percentage of H&Ps with a ‘complete’ DDx and quality scores (Qs) using our Differential Diagnosis Scoring Rubric.

Results
At baseline, 43 (67%) resident notes and 49 (77%) attending notes documented a ‘complete’ DDx. Post-intervention, 59 (58%) resident notes and 69 (68%) attending notes met this criteria. Mean Qs, pre- to post-intervention, for resident-documented differential diagnoses increased slightly (2.41–2.47, p = 0.73), but attending-documented DDx did not improve (2.85–2.82, p = 0.88).

Conclusions
We demonstrated a marginal improvement in the quality of resident-documented DDx. Expansion of diagnoses considered within a DDx may contribute to higher diagnostic accuracy.
Teaching the Hidden Curriculum of Group Work for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Scott Kristina 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with marked abnormal impairments in social interactions. This study used a multiple baseline design (A-B-A) to understand how four fifth grade students with ASD verbally interacted with five teacher-nominated peers during cooperative group work. The purpose of this study was to examine how students with ASD participated in the hidden curriculum of socialization that group work has associated with it. Video-recorded observations were transcribed and coded based on the nature of each conversational attempt: prompted reciprocal communication, unprompted reciprocal communication, self-centric conversations, directives, clarification questions/statements, and off-topic remarks. Data was taken at baseline, during a time period where a structured protocol was used in reciprocal peer tutoring during literature circles, and when the literature class returned to business-as-usual. Results from this study indicate that when the four participants with ASD used a structured protocol that guided communication attempts (through explicit tasks) during cooperative academic group work their overall interaction attempts increased, as did their (prompted and unprompted) reciprocal exchanges. Generalization happened for one student, but a limitation may explain why it did not happen for all four students.
Re-imagining the Pedagogical Paradigm Within a Technology Mediated Learning Environment
Authors: Brown Ken , Larionova Viola , Stepanova Natalia , Lally Vic 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Traditional didactic pedagogies employed within the culture of the Russian higher education system precluded students’ engagement with problems which were described as generating dissonances in learning cognition. Addressing issues of dissonance within the higher education learning sphere requires re-imagining the educational culture. Re-imagining provides an opportunity to promote new approaches to learning through alternative affordances; one such affordance is technology mediated learning.
Pedagogical re-design within an alternative learning paradigm requires deep understanding of the problems associated with the previous paradigm. Re-imagined pedagogical scope for exploration of the professional, learning, cultural, institutional and technical aspects expand the knowledge base beyond the didactic towards an engaging student-centered ethos using open education and gamification.
To address issues of learning, culture, technology, and institution, a convergent mixed methods design using student questionnaires and academic interviews alongside performance observations was employed. The research study examined the re-imagining of the educational culture to promote new approaches to learning through the affordances of technology mediated learning within a constructivist, critical realism epistemology using thematic analysis.
The re-imagined pedagogical design within a technology mediated learning environment demonstrates a cultural shift towards an engaging and supportive educational experience. The lessons learned may be applied in other higher educational contexts.
On the two-term exponential sums and character sums of polynomials
Authors: Ma Yuankui , Zhang Wenpeng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to use the analytic methods and the properties of the classical Gauss sums to research the computational problem of one kind hybrid power mean containing the character sums of polynomials and two-term exponential sums modulo p, an odd prime, and acquire several accurate asymptotic formulas for them.
Coexistence for a kind of stochastic three-species competitive models
Authors: Huang Nantian , Huang Jiabing , Wei Yuming , Liu Yongjian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The coexistence of species sustains the ecological balance in nature. This paper focuses on sufficient conditions for the coexistence of a three-species stochastic competitive model, where the model has non-linear diffusion parts. Three values λ3z, λ3x and λ3y are introduced and calculated from the coefficients, which can be considered as threshold values. Moreover, convergence in distribution of the positive solution of the model is also addressed. A few numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results.
All-in-one silicon photonic polarization processor
Authors: Zhou Hailong , Zhao Yuhe , Wei Yanxian , Li Feng , Dong Jianji , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the great developments in optical communication technology and large-scale optical integration technology, it is imperative to realize the traditional functions of polarization processing on an integration platform. Most of the existing polarization devices, such as polarization multiplexers/demultiplexers, polarization controllers, polarization analyzers, etc., perform only a single function. Definitely, integrating all these polarization functions on a chip will increase function flexibility and integration density and also cut the cost. In this article, we demonstrate an all-in-one chip-scale polarization processor based on a linear optical network. The polarization functions can be configured by tuning the array of phase shifters on the chip. We demonstrate multiple polarization processing functions, including those of a multiple-input-multiple-output polarization descrambler, polarization controller, and polarization analyzer, which are the basic building blocks of polarization processing. More functions can be realized by using an additional two-dimensional output grating. A numerical gradient descent algorithm is employed to self-configure and self-optimize these functions. Our demonstration suggests great potential for chip-scale, reconfigurable, and fully programmable photonic polarization processors with the artificial intelligence algorithm.
The crystal structure of 1-benzyl-4-(2-(phenylethynyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole, C23H17N3
Authors: Liu Quan , Xiong Guowei , Chen Yunfeng , Li Yuanxiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
C23H17N3, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.7817(14) Å, b = 5.3165(6) Å, c = 14.1747(16) Å, β = 95.731(2)°, V = 883.43(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0663, wR
ref(F
2) = 1567, T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of dichlorido(N-o-tolyl-1,1-di-p-tolylphosphanamine–κ1
P)-(methoxydi-p-tolylphosphane-κ1
P)palladium(II), C36H39Cl2NOP2Pd
Authors: Kama Dumisani V. , Brink Alice , Roodt Andreas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
C36H39Cl2NOP2Pd, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 19.209(13) Å, b = 15.144(11) Å, c = 24.011(19) Å, V = 6985(9) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0292, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0867, T = 100 K.
Modeling open surgery in mice to explore peritoneal damage, carbon dioxide humidification and desmoidogenesis
Authors: Chittleborough Timothy , Sampurno Shienny , Carpinteri Sandra , Lynch Andrew Craig , Heriot Alexander Graham , Ramsay Robert George 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe exposure of the peritoneum to desiccation during surgery generates lasting damage to the mesothelial lining which impacts inflammation and tissue repair. We have previously explored open abdominal surgery in mice subjected to passive airflow however, operating theatres employ active airflow. Therefore, we sought an engineering solution to recapitulate the active airflow in mice. Similarly, to the passive airflow studies we investigated the influence of humidified-warm carbon dioxide (CO2) on this damage in the context of active airflow. Additionally, we addressed the controversial role of surgery in exacerbating desmoidogenesis in a mouse model of familial adenomatous polyposis.MethodsAn active airflow mouse-operating module manufactured to produce the equivalent downdraft airflow to that of a modern operating theatre was employed. We quantified mesothelial cell integrity by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sampled from the peritoneal wall that was subjected to mechanical damage or not, with and without the delivery of humidified-warm CO2. To explore the role of open and laparoscopic surgery in the process of desmoidogenesis we crossed Apcmin/+ C57Bl/6 mice with p53+/− mice to generate animals that developed desmoid tumors with 100% penetrance.ResultsOne hour of active airflow generates substantial damage to peritoneal mesothelial cells and their microvilli as measured at 24 h post intervention, which is significantly greater than that generated by passive airflow. Use of humidified-warm CO2 mostly protects the mesothelium that had not experienced additional mechanical (surgical) damage at 24 h. Maximal damage was evident in all treatment groups regardless of flow or use of gas. At day 10 mechanically-damaged peritoneum remains in mice but is essentially repaired in the gas-treated groups. Regarding desmoidogenesis, operating procedures did not increase the frequency of desmoid tumors but their frequency correlated with time following surgery but not age of mice.ConclusionsActive airflow generates more peritoneal damage than passive airflow and is reduced significantly by the use of humidified-warm CO2. Introduced peritoneal damage is largely repaired in mice by day 10 with gas. Desmoid tumor incidence is not increased substantially by surgery itself but rises over time following surgery compared to non-surgery mice.
The Deletion-Insertion model applied to the genome rearrangement problem
Authors: Brisbin Abra , Riehl Manda , Williams Noah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Permutations are frequently used in solving the genome rearrangement problem, whose goal is finding the shortest sequence of mutations transforming one genome into another. We introduce the Deletion-Insertion model (DI) to model small-scale mutations in species with linear chromosomes, such as humans. Applying one restriction to this model, we obtain the transposition model for genome rearrangement, which was shown to be NP-hard in [4]. We use combinatorial reasoning and permutation statistics to develop a polynomial-time algorithm to approximate the minimum number of transpositions required in the transposition model and to analyze the sharpness of several bounds on transpositions between genomes.
Enumeration of permutations avoiding a triple of 4-letter patterns is almost all done
Authors: Callan David , Mansour Toufik , Shattuck Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper basically completes a project to enumerate permutations avoiding a triple T of 4-letter patterns, in the sense of classical pattern avoidance, for every T. There are 317 symmetry classes of such triples T and previous papers have enumerated avoiders for all but 14 of them. One of these 14 is conjectured not to have an algebraic generating function. Here, we find the generating function for each of the remaining 13, and it is algebraic in each case.