bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Tolak Peluru Gaya Menyamping Menggunakan Model Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD)
Authors: Hidayat Taufik 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran tolak peluru gaya menyamping melalui penerapan metode kooperatif tipe STAD. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dan masing-masing siklus terdapat dua pertemuan. Pelaksanaan penelitian dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD pada mata pelajaran PJOK ini meliputi: (1) Perencanaan, (2) Pelaksanaan, (3) Pengamatan, dan (4) Refleksi. Dengan subyek siswa kelas VII A Mts Al Munawwarh Merauke yang berjulah 21 siswa, yang terdiri dari 8 siswa putra dan 13 siswa putri. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar tolak peluru gaya menyamping dengan metode kooperatif tipe STAD berdampak positif hal ini terlihat pada hasil ketuntasan belajar siswa pada tiap siklus mengalami peningkatan, yaitu pada siklus I rata-rata ketuntasan belajar yaitu sebesar 56 dengan ketuntasan 43% yang berada pada kategori cukup baik, sedangkan pada siklus II rata-rata ketuntasan belajar yaitu sebesar 74 dengan ketuntasan 90% yang berada pada kategori baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe STAD dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PJOK.
Coalizões Internacionais, Países em Desenvolvimento e Política Doméstica nas Negociações do Gatt/WTO / The Internationals Coalitions, Developing countries and the Domestic Policy in the negotiations from Gatt/WTO
Authors: Lima Thiago , Cepaluni Gabriel 
Published: July 2020

O debate recente sobre coalizões de países em desenvolvimento no GATT/WTO, estimulado em grande parte pelo livro de Narlikar (2003), tem negligenciado a importância das políticas domésticas para o resultado das negociações em instituições de comércio. Neste artigo, argumentamos que o entendimento das políticas domésticas é condição necessária, embora não suficiente, para explicar os resultados de barganhas entre países ricos e coalizões de países em desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, duas condições, não mutuamente excludentes, influenciam os desempenhos das coalizões internacionais: (1o) país ou países poderosos contrários às coalizões analisadas que buscam fragmentar os interesses domésticos das nações participantes dessas coalizões; e (2o) coalizões de países em desenvolvimento que buscam influenciar a política doméstica do país ou das nações mais poderosas que a elas se contrapõem. Para sustentar nossos argumentos, analisaremos dois casos de coalizões internacionais: a Campanha de Acesso a Medicamentos contra o HIV/Aids e o Grupo dos 20 (G-20). The current debate about Coalitions of Developing Countries in the GATT/WTO was stimulated, largely, in the Narlikar´s book (2003) have neglected the importance fromthe domestic policies to the result of the negotiations in trade institutions. In this article, we argue that the understanding from domestic policies is the requisition, but not enough, to explain the results of the political bargains between rich countries and coalitions between developing countries. In this way, there are two conditions, not mutually excluding, influencing the performances of Internationals Coalitions: (1º) One or more powerful Countries that are against these alliances search disintegrate the domestics interests from the participators Nations from these union; (2º) Alliance from developing countries seeking to influence the domestic policy from country or from more countries that are against it. To support our argument, we will analyze two cases of internationals coalitions: The Access to Medicines Campaign against to HIV/Aids and The Group 20 (G-20).
Guerra / War
Authors: Emerson Ralph Waldo 
Published: July 2020

O texto traz uma visão histórica da guerra, mas do ponto de vista da diminuição dos conflitos no tempo e da busca pela paz. Segundo o autor, a tendência à guerra é gradualmente substituída pela tendência à paz, na medida da evolução e do amadurecimento do homem, que aos poucos abandona o instinto primitivo de autopreservação, que é a verdadeira função da guerra. Esse instinto de guerra pode ser mitigado por outros instintos, que podem modificá-lo ou controlá-lo e, até mesmo, domá-lo por completo. Além disso, o sentimento de moral, o comércio e o esclarecimento são outros meios para se chegar à paz, pois o primeiro faz perceber o lado animalesco do conflito; o segundo as semelhanças entre as pessoas; e o terceiro dá o conhecimento ao homem de que a história é o registro da diminuição da guerra. Dessa forma, com a promoção desses três elementos, os homens seriam levados a buscar a paz e evitar a guerra. Por fim, o projeto de paz deve ser feito por cada homem em particular, uma vez que a conquista do instinto de guerra é própria de cada pessoa.The text brings a historic vision of war, but focusing on the reduction of conflicts through time and the seek for peace. According to the author, the trend of war is gradually substituted by the trend toward peace as the mankind evolves and matures, that slowly dumps its primitive instincts of autopreservation, at which is the true function of war. This instinct of war might be mitigated by others insticts, that may modify or control and even completely tame it. Futhermore, the moral feeling, the trade system and the enlightment are either means to reach peace, since the first enables the perception of the animalistic side of conflict, the second enables the people's resemblances, and the third provides mankind the knowlegde that history is the registry of the decreasing of war. In that way, promoting theses three elements, the mankind would be lead to seek peace and avoid war. At the end, the peace project should be done by the individual in particular, since the instintict of war is conquered by every person itself.
SEJARAH TARI LULO PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU TOLAKI KELURAHAN ALANGGA KECAMATAN ANDOOLO KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN (1800-1996)
Authors: Ahmad Aldin B Ahmad Aldin B , Pendais Hak Pendais Hak 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK: Subtansi penelitian ini mengacu pada tiga aspek permasalahan dasar (1) menjelaskan latar belakang Tari Lulo pada masyarakat Suku Tolaki di Kelurahan Alangga Kecamatan Andoolo Kabupaten Konawe Selatan (1800-1996). (2) Menjelaskan perubahan Tari Lulo pada masyarakat Suku Tolaki Kelurahan Alangga Kecamatan Andoolo Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. (3) Menjelaskan Nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Tari Lulo pada masyarakat Suku Tolaki Kelurahan Alangga Kecamatan Andoolo Kabupaten Konawe Selatan (1800-1996). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah dengan prosedur mengacu pada Helius Sjamsuddin, yang terbagi tiga tahapan yaitu: (1) Heuristik (pengumpulan data), (2) Kritik sumber (verifikasi data), (3) Historigrafi. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Sejarah Tari Lulo pada masyarakat Suku Tolaki di Kelurahan Alangga Kecamatan Andoolo Kabupaten Konawe Selatan merupakan salah satu tradisi masyarakat Suku Tolaki yang memiliki sejrah yang sangat panjang, Berawal dari kegiatan masrakat Suku Tolaki merontokkan bulir padi dari tangkainya, yang disebut “molulowi” kemudian dari gerakan ini, dan rasa persaudaraan dari masyarakat yang sangat tinggi kemudian melahirkan satu karya dalam bentuk tari yang disebut “Lulo”/”Molulo” yang tentunya sangat di sakralkan pada saat itu sebagai satu tradisi sebelum pembukaan lahan pertanian sebagai tempat penanaman padi, atau sesudah panen sebagai bentuk dari rasa syukur masyarakat atas hasil yang di dapat. Penamaan Lulo di adopsi dari bahasa tolaki yaitu kata “Molulowi”, dan terbagi dari tiga suku kata Mo-Lulo-Wi, “Mo” merupakan awalan yang berarti mengerjakan sesuatu pekerjaan, “Lulo” berarti menginjak-injak sesuatu sesuatu secara bergantian kiri dan kanan dan kata “Wi” berarti menegaskan suatu pekerjaan pada kata dasarnya. Kegunaan Tari Lulo pada masyarakat Suku Tolaki pada masa lampau yaitu sebagai suatu ritual dalam pembukaan lahan agar dijauhkan dari petaka seperti gangguan makhluk halus dan hama tanaman sekaligus agar penghuni hutan tidak mengganggu baik tanaman atau pemilik lahan, selain itu pada masa lampau Tari Lulo juga digunakan untuk satu ritual pesta panen sebagai bentuk rasa syukur atas hasil yang didapatkan. Nilai-Nilai sosial budaya yang terkandung dalam Tari Lulo adalah: (1) Nilai etika, (2) Nilai solidaritas, (3) Nilai historis. Kata Kunci: Perubahan, Nilai-Nilai, Tari Lulo
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL MATERI SUMBER DAYA ALAM MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW PADA SISWA KELAS V1 SD NEGERI 87 KENDARI
Authors: WAMPIKA Hj. 
Published: July 2020

Abstrak: Semakin kedepan materi pembelajaran semakin banyak dengan waktu yang tidak bertambah. Seorang guru hendaklah menerapkan model pembelajaran yang baik untuk proses pembelajaran yang akan dilaksanakan. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS siswa pada materi sumber daya alam di kelas IV SD Negeri 87 Kendari?Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus I siswa yang tuntas belajar berjumlah 20 siswa atau sebesar 72,2% sedangkan siswa yang tidak tuntas berjumlah 5 siswa atau sebesar 27,8% dengan nilai rata-rata 70,8. Persentase aktivitas belajar siswa pertemuan pertama sebesar 66,7% dan pertemuan kedua sebesar 66,7%. Persentase aktivitas mengajar guru pertemuan pertama sebesar 66,7% dan pertemuan kedua sebesar 77,8%. Pada siklus II siswa yang tuntas belajar berjumlah 16 siswa atau sebesar 88,9% sedangkan siswa yang tidak tuntas belajar berjumlah 2 siswa atau sebesar 11,1% dengan nilai rata-rata 70,8. Persentase aktivitas belajar siswa pertemuan pertama sebesar 88,9% dan pertemuan kedua sebesar 88,9%. Persentase aktivitas mengajar guru pertemuan pertama sebesar 88,9% dan pertemuan kedua sebesar 100%. Disimpulkan bahwa penerapan modelpembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar ips materi sumber daya alam pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 87 KendariKata Kunci: Model pembelajaran kooperatif Jigsaw
ADAT POPOLO (MAHAR) DALAM PERKAWINAN PADA MASYARAKAT KULISUSU DI KELURAHAN LAKONEA KECAMATAN KULISUSU KABUPATEN BUTON UTARA (1689-2017)
Authors: Jumsir Jumsir , Hadara Ali 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAK: Masalah pokok yang dalam penelitian ini adalah meliputi: 1) Bagaimana bentuk-bentuk perkawinan pada masyarakat Kulisusu di Kelurahan Lakonea Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara (1689-2017)? 2) Apa yang menjadi alat-alat Popolo dalam perkawinan pada masyarakat Kulisusu di Kelurahan Lakonea Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara (1689-2017)? 3) Bagaimana mekanisme pembayaran Popolo dalam perkawinan pada masyarakat Kulisusu di Kelurahan Lakonea Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara (1689-2017)? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah menurut Helius Sjamsuddin yang terbagi atas tiga tahap yaitu: 1) Heuristik (Pengumpulan sumber), 2) Verifikasi (Kritik Sumber), 3) Historiografi (Penulisan Sejarah). Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Bentuk-bentuk perkawinan pada masyarakat Kulisusu yakni: a) Perkawinan pinag adalah suatu bentuk perkawinan yang di dahului dengan adat pelamaran dari pihak laki-laki kepada pihak perempuan, b) Perkawinan lari bersama (mekapolaisako), dan c) Perkawinan paksa (mehunbuni) perkawinan ini terjadi karena adanya sebab khusus, misalnya si laki-laki mengacam si perempuan agar mau menikah dengannya bila tidak dia akan di bunuh sama laki-laki tersebut. 2) Alat-Alat Popolo pada masyarakat kulisusu adapun perangkat Popolo yaitu kain kaci (kaci), kain sarung (sawu) dan kalung emas (enu bulawa). 3) Mekanisme pembayaraan Popolo dalam perkawinan dari setiap golongan masyarakat Kulisusu yakni: a) Mekanisme pembayaran popolo dari golongan yang sama struktur sosial masyarakat kulisusu, terdiri atas tiga golongan dan setiap golongan masyarakat berbeda popolo (mahar perkawinan) yakni: (1) Pembayaran popolo antara golongan kaomu dan golongan kaomu, (2) Pembayaran popolo antara golongan walaka dan golongan walaka, (3) Pembayaran popolo antara golongan papara dan golongan papara. b) Mekanisme pembayaran popolo dari golongan yang berbeda yakni: (1) Pembayaran popolo antara golongan kaomu dan golongan walaka, (2) Pembayaran popolo antara golongan kaomu dan golongan papara, (3) Pembayaran popolo antara golongan walaka dan golongan papara,(4) Pembayaran popolo dengan oranga luar golongan masyarakat kulisusu. dengan tunai dan terutang terkecuali diluar dari masyarakat Kulisusu harus tunai. Kata Kunci: Bentuk, Alat, Mekasnis Pembayaran, Popolo
Upaya Hukum Banding Terhadap Putusan Verstek Yang Diajukan Oleh Pihak Tergugat Dikaitkan Dengan Asas Kepastian Hukum Dalam Tinjauan HIR/RBG
Authors: Putri Sherly Ayuna , Nugraha Achmad Syauqi 
Published: July 2020

The verdict of Verstek is the ruling that where the defendant, although called legitimately, does not come on a given day, and does not tell others to be facing his deputy, the claim is accepted with a decision without the presence (Verstek). Resistance is a legal effort against the verdict that was dropped outside the presence of the defendant. Essentially the resistance was provided for the defendant who (in general) was defeated. The Verzet is governed in article 125 paragraph (3) and 129 HIR, article 149 clause (3) Jo. 153 RBg. The research method which is conducted in this study is normative juridical research that emphasizes on the science of law and conduct an inventory of positive law relating to the effectiveness of statutory regulations in the ﬁ eld of legal and descriptive analytical describing and analyzing the problems based on the legislation governing the law of civil proceedings regarding the legal efforts of Verstek decision. Based on the results of the study obtained ﬁ rst problem of Verstek decision to be ﬁ led by the defendant on the decision of the District Court of Bale Bandung Case Number: 37/PDT. G/2018/PN. BLB and the state court ruling of the Simalungun case number: 36/PDT. G/2013/PN. LICENSE does not conform to the norm in article 125 HIR and section 149 RBg. The two remedies that can be done by the plaintiff or the appeal is to apply for the appeal with the reasons set out in article 30 paragraph (1) of Law No. 5 of 2004 concerning the Supreme Court, among other things relating to the judge is not authorized or exceeds the limits of authority and or wrong in implementing or violating applicable laws.
Detailed Model of the Growth of Fluffy Dust Aggregates in a Protoplanetary Disk: Effects of Nebular Conditions
Authors: Xiang C. , Matthews L. S. , Carballido A. , Hyde T. W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The coagulation of dust aggregates plays an important role in the formation of planets and is of key importance to the evolution of protoplanetary disks (PPDs). The characteristics of dust, such as the diversity of particle size, porosity, charge, and the manner in which dust couples to turbulent gas, affect the collision outcome and the rate of dust growth. Here we present a numerical model of the evolution of the dust population within a PPD which incorporates all of these effects. The probability that any two particles collide depends on the particle charge, cross-sectional area, and their relative velocity. The actual collision outcome is determined by a detailed collision model that takes into account the aggregate morphology, trajectory, orientation, and electrostatic forces acting between charged grains. Our model is applicable to the epoch of time during which hit-and-stick is the primary collision outcome, the duration of which varies greatly depending on the environment. The data obtained in this research reveal the characteristics of dust populations in different environments at the end of the hit-and-stick growth, which establishes the foundation for the onset of the next growth stage where bouncing, mass transfer, and fragmentation become important. For a given level of turbulence, neutral and weakly charged particles collide more frequently and grow faster than highly charged particles. In general, the epoch of hit-and-stick growth is much shorter in high turbulence than it is in regions with low turbulence or highly charged grains. In addition, highly charged particles grow to a larger size before reaching the bouncing barrier, especially in environments with low turbulence, and exhibit “runaway” growth, in which a few large particles grow quickly by accreting smaller particles while the rest of the population grows very slowly. In general, highly charged aggregates have a more compact structure and are comprised of larger monomers than neutral/weakly charged aggregates. The differences in the particle structure/composition not only affect the threshold velocities for bouncing and fragmentation, but also change the scattering and absorption opacity of dust, influencing the appearance of PPDs.
70 Years of Chromospheric Solar Activity and Dynamics
Authors: Bertello Luca , Pevtsov Alexei A. , Ulrich Roger K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
From 1915 to 1985 the monitoring program of the Mount Wilson Observatory, one of the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, has taken over 35,000 daily images (spectroheliograms) of the Sun in the chromospheric resonance line of Ca ii K. This important database constitutes a unique resource for a variety of retrospective analyses of the state of solar magnetism on multidecadal timescales. These observations may also hold the key for untangling some of the mysteries behind the solar dynamo, which in turn could result in a better predictive capability for current dynamo models. We describe here a procedure to calibrate and rescale these images so that homogeneous Carrington synoptic maps can be derived for the whole period covered by these observations. Temporal variations in full-disk chromospheric activity clearly show the signature of the 11 yr solar cycle, but no evidence is found for a statistically significant north/south hemispheric asymmetry. Using a feature-tracking technique we were also able to obtain the average solar rotation profile. We find no indication of any detectable periodicity in the temporal behavior of the orthogonalized rotation rate coefficients, suggesting the global chromospheric dynamics has not changed during the 70 years investigated in this work. We found also no significant evidence in our analysis for a hemispheric asymmetry in rotation rates.
Global 21 cm Signal Extraction from Foreground and Instrumental Effects. III. Utilizing Drift-scan Time Dependence and Full Stokes Measurements
Authors: Tauscher Keith , Rapetti David , Burns Jack O. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When using valid foreground and signal models, the uncertainties on extracted signals in global 21 cm signal experiments depend principally on the overlap between signal and foreground models. In this paper, we investigate two strategies for decreasing this overlap: (i) utilizing time dependence by fitting multiple drift-scan spectra simultaneously, and (ii) measuring all four Stokes parameters instead of only the total power, Stokes I. Although measuring polarization requires different instruments than are used in most existing experiments, all existing experiments can utilize drift-scan measurements merely by averaging their data differently. In order to evaluate the increase in constraining power from using these two techniques, we define a method for connecting root-mean-square (rms) uncertainties to probabilistic confidence levels. Employing simulations, we find that fitting only one total power spectrum leads to rms uncertainties at the few K level, while fitting multiple time-binned, drift-scan spectra yields uncertainties at the ≲10 mK level. This significant improvement only appears if the spectra are modeled with one set of basis vectors instead of using multiple sets of basis vectors that independently model each spectrum. Assuming that they are simulated accurately, measuring all four Stokes parameters also leads to lower uncertainties. These two strategies can be employed simultaneously, and fitting multiple time bins of all four Stokes parameters yields the most precise measurements of the 21 cm signal, approaching the noise level in the data.
A Search for Lensed Gamma-Ray Bursts in 11 yr of Observations by Fermi GBM
Authors: Ahlgren Björn , Larsson Josefin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Macrolensing of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is expected to manifest as a GRB recurring with the same light curve and spectrum as a previous one, but with a different flux and a slightly offset position. Identifying such lensed GRBs may give important information about the lenses, the cosmology, and the GRBs themselves. Here we present a search for lensed GRBs among ∼2700 GRBs observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor during 11 yr of operations. To identify lensed GRBs, we perform initial cuts on position, time-averaged spectral properties, and relative duration. We then use the cross-correlation function to assess the similarity of light curves, and finally we analyze the time-resolved spectra of the most promising candidates. We find no convincing lens candidates. The most similar pairs are single-pulsed GRBs with relatively few time bins for the spectral analysis. This is best explained by similarities within the GRB population rather than lensing. However, the null result does not rule out the presence of macrolensed GRBs in the sample. In particular, we find that observational uncertainties and Poisson fluctuations can lead to significant differences within a pair of lensed GRBs.
Blazars at the Cosmic Dawn
Authors: Paliya Vaidehi S. , Ajello M. , Cao H.-M. , Giroletti M. , Kaur Amanpreet , Madejski Greg , Lott Benoit , Hartmann D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The uncharted territory of the high-redshift (z ≳ 3) universe holds the key to understanding the evolution of quasars. In an attempt to identify the most extreme members of the quasar population, that is, blazars, we have carried out a multiwavelength study of a large sample of radio-loud quasars beyond z = 3. Our sample consists of nine γ-ray-detected blazars and 133 candidate blazars selected based on the flatness of their soft X-ray spectra (0.3–10 keV photon index ≤1.75), including 15 with Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observations. The application of the likelihood profile stacking technique reveals that the high-redshift blazars are faint γ-ray emitters with steep spectra. The high-redshift blazars host massive black holes (

) and luminous accretion disks (

erg s−1). Their broadband spectral energy distributions are found to be dominated by high-energy radiation, indicating their jets are among the most luminous ones. Focusing on the sources exhibiting resolved X-ray jets (as observed with the Chandra satellite), we find the bulk Lorentz factor to be larger with respect to other z > 3 blazars, indicating faster moving jets. We conclude that the presented list of high-redshift blazars may act as a reservoir for follow-up observations, such as with NuSTAR, to understand the evolution of relativistic jets at the dawn of the universe.