bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental factors associated with drowning prevention knowledge of parents in Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hossain Mosharaf , Mani Kulanthayan KC 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Drowning is the third leading cause of death for children aged 0–4 years in many Asian countries, and is a serious but neglected health problem in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, drowning rates are 10 to 20 times more than those in other developed countries. The aim of the effectiveness of a mobile SMS intervention to improve the environmental knowledge of parents of children aged under five concerning the prevention of drowning.Methods Design: a cluster randomized community trial with 788 parents of children aged under five in a rural community of Bangladesh. Intervention: Mobile SMS intervention for parents of children under five years concerning the prevention of drowning. Outcome: association in environmental knowledge of parents concerning the prevention of drowning between the baseline and immediate follow-up after the intervention, and after three months.Results There was a significant improvement in environmental knowledge in the intervention group compared to the control group at different at baseline, immediately after intervention and 3-months after intervention. The associated factors for drowning included the time (11:00am-2:00 pm), lack of swimming ability, parents who were not aware about childhood drowning, unwanted ditches that were not filled in, lack of medical facilities, and lack of information through mass media for the prevention of childhood drowning.Conclusion Special programmes and training could be increase knowledge about childhood drowning prevention in Bangladesh and should be broadcast on the radio and television networks.Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13774693, 08/03/2015.
Tanc2-dependent direct and regulated mTOR inhibition balances mTORC1/2 signaling in developing mouse and human neurons
Authors: Kim Sun-Gyun , Lee Suho , Kim Yangsik , Park Ji Eun , Woo Doyeon , Kim Dayeon , Li Yan , Shin Wangyong , Kang Hyunjeong , Yook Chaehyun , Lee Minji , Kim Kyungdeok , Roh Junyeop Daniel , Jung Hwajin , Um Seung Min , Han Jinju , Heo Won Do , Kim Eunjoon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
mTOR signaling, involving mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, critically regulates neural development and is implicated in various brain disorders. mTORC1/2 components that stimulate mTOR kinase activity strongly affect neurodevelopment, but mTOR-inhibitory mTORC1/2 components do not, questioning the role of balanced mTOR regulation in neurodevelopment. We found a direct, regulated inhibition of mTOR by Tanc2, an adaptor/scaffolding protein with strong neurodevelopmental and psychiatric implications. While Tanc2-null mice show embryonic lethality, Tanc2-haploinsufficient mice survive but display mTORC1/2 hyperactivity accompanying synaptic and behavioral deficits reversed by mTOR-inhibiting rapamycin. Tanc2 directly interacts with and inhibits mTOR, which is suppressed by mTOR-activating serum or ketamine, a fast-acting antidepressant. Tanc2 and Deptor, known to inhibit mTORC1/2 but minimally affect neurodevelopment, distinctly inhibit mTOR in early- and late-stage neurons. Patient-derived Tanc2 mutations disable Tanc2 function, and human Tanc2 inhibits mTORC1/2. Therefore, Tanc2 represents a novel mTORC1/2 inhibitor with strong neurodevelopmental impacts, implicating mTOR inhibition in treating TANC2-related brain disorders and Tanc2 modulation in treating mTOR-related disorders.
Silicon and Oxygen Synergistic Effects for Discovery of New High-Performance Nonfullerene Acceptors
Authors: Qin Ying , Chen Hui , Yao Jia , Zhou Yue , Zhu Yulin , Qiu Beibei , Ju Cheng-Wei , Zhang Zhi-Guo , He Feng , Li Yongfang , Zhao Dongbing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In organic electronics, aromatic fused-ring is the basic unit that provides π-electrons to construct solution-processable, lightweight, flexible semiconductors and governs the device performance in a wide range of new technologies. The main challenge on developing new π-skeletons for tuning the material properties is the limitation of available chemical approach. Herein, we addressed the problems on chemical synthesis and for the first time successfully synthesized two pentacyclic siloxy-bridged π-conjugated isomers (SiO5T-5 & SiO5T-10), for investigating the synergistic effects of Si and O atoms on the geometric and electronic influence of the π-units in organic electronics. Notably, the synthesis routes for both of SiO5T-5 and SiO5T-10 possess several advantages over the previous approaches for delivering conventional aromatic fused-ring such as environmentally benign tin-free synthesis, and less synthetic steps. To explore its potential application as photovoltaic materials, two isomeric A-D-A acceptors based on these two SiO5Ts isomers were developed, showing a decent device efficiency of 10%, which is higher than those of carbon and carbon-oxygen analogue-based PSCs. Our study indicates that the siloxy-bridged π-conjugated system is a potential donor core for photovoltaic materials. The silicon and oxygen synergistic effects presented herein would bring new vigor and vitality for further improving the performance of organic solar cells.
WITHDRAWN: Seawater Desalination Using Microbial Desalination Cell Based on Bio-Catalytic Devices Modification.
Authors: Ramdan Ummy Mardiana , Innocent Christophe , Cretin Marc , Buchari Buchari 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Microbial desalination cell (MDC) built on bio-catalytic devices modification has been studied for sea water desalination using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as biocatalyst. Here we focussed the modification of anode and this study has been confirmed that bio-catalytic devices maintenance could contribute to the long-term MDC perform during desalination process. The goal of this study is to provide and develop a sea water desalination system without requiring an energy support by applying modification of anode as electron acceptor, and the different potential charges that occur between anode and cathode can plays as driving force for electro dialysis of sea water desalination. Several types of bio-catalytic devices modification have been conducted, i.e. by immobilization of mediator, immobilization of biocatalyst or a combination of both. The optimization of each device has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, Chronoamperometry, and applied in Microbial fuel cell prior observed in MDC. The concentrations of ion salt migration have been determined by Ion Exchange Chromatography. The profiles of surface device have been detected by Scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results shows that the modification of anode could be a promising method for bioelectricity generation delivered from MDC which as simultaneously produce an electricity and sea water desalination and provide a green chemistry technology.
A nomogram based on combining systemic and hepatic inflammation markers for predicting microscopic bile duct tumor thrombus in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Jun-Yi , Sun Ju-Xian , Wu Jia-Yi , Huang Xiao-Xiao , Bai Yan-Nan , Zeng Yong-Yi , Zhang Zhi-bo , Cheng Shu-Qun , Yan Mao-Lin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Bile duct invasion is a relatively rare event and is not well characterized in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are still very difficult to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) before surgery. Increasing evidences had revealed that inflammation had a critical role in tumorigenesis. The study aimed to develop the nomograms based on systemic and hepatic inflammation markers to predict microscopic bile duct tumor thrombus (micro-BDTT) before surgery in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
A total of 418 cases with HCC who underwent hepatectomy as initial therapy between January 2012 and June 2020 were included in the study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to detect the optimal cut-off value of inflammation markers. Logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors of micro-BDTT. The Nomograms was constructed using the significant predictors including α-fetoprotein (AFP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DB), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The prediction accuracies of the nomograms were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results
AFP, ALP, DB, PNI and γ-GT/ALT were the independent risk factors for predicting micro-BDTT (P = 0.043, P = 0.028, P = 0.012, P = 0.045 and P = 0.007, respectively), which were assembled into the nomograms. The area under the ROC curve of the nomograms combining PNI and γ-GT/ALT for predicting micro-BDTT were 0.809 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.747–0.871). The sensitivity and specificity value when used in predicting micro-BDTT before surgery were 0.778 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.656–0.899) and 0.724 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.678–0.769), respectively.
Conclusion
The nomogram based on combining systemic and hepatic inflammation markers is suitable for predicting micro-BDTT before surgery in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, leading to a rational therapeutic choice for HCC.
A Controlled Study on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Panoramic and Peri-Apical Radiography for Detecting Furcation Involvement
Authors: Berghuis Gijsbrecht Jan , Cosyn Jan , De Bruyn Hugo , Hommez Geert , Dierens Melissa , Christiaens Véronique 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of panoramic and peri-apical radiography for detecting furcation involvement (1) and to evaluate the possible impact of clinical experience on these diagnostic parameters (2).Methods: Periodontitis patients in need of an implant were retrospectively selected. Inclusion criteria were the presence of a CBCT, panoramic and peri-apical radiograph of the site of interest within a one-year time frame. All furcation sites were classified on the basis of CBCT using Hamp’s index (1975). These data were considered gold standard. Ten experienced examiners and 10 trainees were asked to assess furcation involvement for the same defects on the basis of corresponding panoramic and peri-apical radiographs. Absolute agreement, Cohen’s weighted kappa, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. In addition, ROC-curves were constructed.Results: The study sample included 60 furcation sites in 29 multi-rooted teeth from 17 patients (10 females; mean age 62). On average 20/60 furcations were correctly classified on the basis of panoramic radiography, corresponding to weighted kappa of 0.209 indicative of slight agreement. Respective data for peri-apical radiography were 19/60 and 0.221. When recategorizing FI Grades into ‘no to limited FI’ (FI Grade 0 and I) and ‘advanced FI’ (FI Grade II and III), panoramic and peri-apical radiography showed low sensitivity (0.550 and 0.441, respectively), yet high specificity (0.791 and 0.790, respectively) for identifying advanced FI. Both showed diagnostic value given the area under the ROC-curve amounting to 0.79 and 0.69 for panoramic and peri-apical radiography, respectively. There was no significant difference between experienced periodontists and trainees.Conclusion: Panoramic and peri-apical radiography are relevant in the diagnosis of FI given high specificity. These are best combined with furcation probing showing high sensitivity. Clinical experience does not seem to improve the accuracy of a radiological diagnosis of furcation sites.Trial Registration: Patients were retrospectively registered.
The Effectiveness and Impact of Preoperative Dental Hygiene Care on the Incidence of Postoperative Pneumonia after Esophagectomy: An Interventional Prospective Study
Authors: Mori Kazuhiko , Jimbo Keiichi , Aikou Susumu , Okazaki Mitsuhiro , Sato Tomoaki , Moriya Kyoji , Kawase-Koga Yoko , Mori Yoshiyuki , Kanno Yuki , Yamagata Yukinori , Yagi Koichi , Nishida Masato , Yamashita Hiroharu , Nomura Sachiyo , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Postoperative pneumonia is a major cause of postoperative mortality after esophagectomy. Preoperative oral hygiene care is reportedly effective to prevent pulmonary complications after esophagectomy. Methods: Since April 2012, we have included preoperative oral hygiene in the standard perioperative care regimen for esophagectomy and have accumulated data on 188 consecutive patients undergoing esophagectomy to evaluate oral hygiene care’s effectiveness. To determine basic (i.e. non-clinical) and clinical effects of preoperative oral care, we prospectively observed the incidence rate of postoperative pneumonia and accumulated perioperative culture study and oral bacteria count data on these 188 patients. One hundred five patients studied in our previous retrospective study from 2009 to 2012 were enrolled as a historical control.Results: In the current study’s patients, no significant reduction of postoperative pneumonia was observed compared to the historical control (30 out of 188 vs. 21 out of 105, P=0.423). Perioperative culture studies showed significantly decreased positivity in preoperative oral samples (11% in dental plaque and 13% in tongue coating) but no such decrease was observed in studies of postoperative gastric juice and endotracheal sputum. With the exception of postoperative endotracheal sputum, perioperative cultures had few of the pathogenic microbes identified in pneumonia patients. In the analyses of oral bacterial count, oral microbial flora were significantly decreased after oral care in both dental plaque (median ratio to before care: 1:0.13, P<0.0001) and tongue coating (median ratio: 1:0.015, P<0.0001); however, only in the dental plaque did the decrease last until the day of the operation (median ratio: 1:0.10, P=0.0008). Logistic regression analysis showed only the bacterial amount in dental plaque on the operation day (P=0.026) to be marginally correlated to the incidence of pneumonia. Conclusions: Although perioperative oral hygiene care had a significant impact on oral bacterial load, its contribution to the prevention of postoperative pneumonia was limited.Trial registration: This study was registered and approved by the institutional review board of The University of Tokyo Hospital: Approval number: 3383, Date: 26th November, 2011
A Reconstructed Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Compressible Flows on Moving Curved Grids
Authors: Wang Chuanjin , Luo Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A high-order accurate reconstructed discontinuous Galerkin (rDG) method is developed for compressible inviscid and viscous flows in arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation on moving and deforming unstructured curved meshes. Taylor basis functions in the rDG method are defined on the time-dependent domain, where the integration and computations are performed. The Geometric Conservation Law (GCL) is satisfied by modifying the grid velocity terms on the right-hand side of the discretized equations at Gauss quadrature points. A radial basis function (RBF) interpolation method is used for propagating the mesh motion of the boundary nodes to the interior of the mesh. A third order Explicit first stage, Single Diagonal coefficient, diagonally Implicit Runge-Kutta scheme (ESDIRK3) is employed for the temporal integration. A number of benchmark test cases are conducted to assess the accuracy and robustness of the rDG-ALE method for moving and deforming boundary problems. The numerical experiments indicate that the developed rDG method can attain the designed spatial and temporal orders of accuracy, and the RBF method is effective and robust to avoid excessive distortion and elements near moving boundaries.
Thermo-Responsive Polymer Encapsulated Gold Nanorods for Single Continuous Wave Laser-Induced Photodynamic/ Photothermal Tumour Therapy
Authors: Gong Beilei , Shen Yuanbing , Li Huiyan , Li Xiaojun , Huan Xia , Zhou Jihong , Chen Yuqing , Wu Jian , Li Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have been proven suggested to be a versatile platform for a broad range of biomedical applications owing to their strong and tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and good biocompatibility. In this study, a new nanoplatform composed of thermo-responsivepolymer encapsulated gold nanorods incorporating ICG was designed to couple the photothermal properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and the photodynamic properties of ICG for enhanced photodynamic/photothermal combination therapy (PDT/PTT). For the nanoplatform, in addition to significantly increasing theICG payload with the additional benefit of enhancing ICG photostability, the polymer shell also has thermo-responsive characteristics, which can control the release of drugs at tumour sites afterlaser irradiation. On the basis of these improvements, the nanoplatform strongly increased drug aggregation at the tumour site and improvedthe photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting the growth of tumours in mice aftermild laser irradiation. These results suggest that thisnanoplatform is a great potential system for tumour imaging and antitumour therapy.
Transcription strategies related to photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat in response to nitrogen deficiency
Authors: Liu Xin , Yin Chengmiao , Xiang Li , Jiang Weitao , Xu Shaozhuo , Mao Zhiquan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background It is a great challenge to reduce nitrogen application without yield reduction in agricultural production. Screening response gene related to important pathways will be helpful to understand the physiology, metabolism, and morphology response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under nitrogen deficiency condition.Results We conducted a hydroponic experiment with two nitrogen levels, which were complete nutrient solution (N1) and nutrient solution without nitrogen (N0). The results showed that the wheat phenotype were greatly changed under nitrogen deficiency, e.g., the decreased crop height, leaf area, root volume, photosynthetic rate, crop weight, and the increased root length, root surface area and root/shoot ratio. After a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, transcriptome, GO pathways and KEGG pathways of wheat under nitrogen deficiency, we found that, the up-regulated Exp (24 genes) and Nrt (9 genes) families members were the positive response related to the increase of nitrogen absorption; the down-regulated Pet (3 genes), Psb (8 genes), Nar (3 genes) and Nir (1 genes) were related to the limitation of photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism.Conclusions This study provides 48 reference genes for improving photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of wheat under nitrogen deficiency, which can provide molecular markers for gene editing breeding.
Rupture of Contralateral Mainstem Bronchus During Uniportal Video-assisted Thoracoscopy Surgery Lobectomy and 3 Successful Cases of Repair
Authors: Luo Zhilin , Wang Tianhu , Zhang Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives Our goal was to discuss the treatment for rupture of contralateral mainstem bronchus during uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (Uniportal VATS) lobectomy. Methods We analyzed clinical data of 3 cases of rupture of contralateral mainstem bronchus during Uniportal VATS. Results Surgical repair was performed immediately under a single-port thoracoscopy during operation, as a result, 3 cases of bronchial rupture all were repaired successfully, and we continued to complete lobectomy and systemic lymph node dissection. Patients were recovered smoothly after operation. Reexamination was performed after 1 week, and no fistula was found in trachea and bronchi through a fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The chest tube was removed after an average of 7.6 days, and the mean days to discharge was 9 days. Well lung recruitment was observed on chest radiography when the 3 patients returned to the hospital 1 month after the operation for the second reexamination. Conclusions Instant surgical repair is recommended to the treatment of bronchial rupture in thoracic surgery. It is safe and feasible to repair bronchial tear with Uniportal VATS.
Time Trends in the Regional Distribution of Physicians, Nurses and Midwives in Europe
Authors: Winkelmann Juliane , Muench Ulrike , Maier Claudia B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. Country-level data suggest large differences in the supply of health professionals among European countries. However, little is know about the regional supply of health professionals taking a cross-country comparative perspective. The aim of the study was to analyse the regional distribution of physicians, nurses and midwives in the highest and lowest density regions and examine time trends.Methods. We used Eurostat data and descriptive statistics to assess the density of physicians, nurses and midwives at national and regional levels (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) 2 regions) for 2017 and time trends (2005-2017). To ensure cross-country comparability we applied a set of criteria (working status, availability over time, geographic availability, source). This resulted in 15 European countries being available for the physician analysis and eight countries for the nurses and midwives analysis. Density rates per population were analysed at national and NUTS 2 level, of which regions with the highest and lowest density of physicians, nurses and midwives were identified. We examined changes over time in regional distributions, using percentage change and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).Results. There was a 2.4-fold difference in the physician density between the highest and lowest density countries (Austria: 513, Poland 241.6 per 100,000) and a 3.5-fold difference among nurses (Denmark: 1702.5, Bulgaria: 483.0). Differences by regions across Europe were higher than cross-country variation and varied up to 4.5-fold both for physicians and nurses/midwives and did not improve over time. Capitals and/or major cities in all countries showed a markedly higher supply of physicians than more sparsely populated regions while the density of nurses and midwives tends to be higher in more sparsely populated areas. Conclusions. The large variation in workforce supply at regional levels highlights the importance for countries to routinely collect data at sub-national geographic areas in order for workforce planners, employers, educators and others to develop policies and initiatives that may impact supply of health professionals at regional levels.