bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caveolin‐1 influences epithelial collective cell migration via FMNL2 formin
Authors: Katsuno‐Kambe Hiroko , Parton Robert G. , Yap Alpha S. , Teo Jessica L. 
Published: November 2020

Background InformationEpithelial collective cell migration requires the intrinsic locomotor activity of cells to be coordinated across populations. This coordination is governed by the presence of cell–cell adhesions as well as the cooperative behaviour of cells within the monolayer.ResultsHere, we report a role for Caveolin‐1 (CAV1) in epithelial collective cell migration. CAV1 depletion reduced the migratory behaviour of AML12 liver epithelial cells when grown as monolayers, but not as individual cells. This suggested that CAV1 is a component of the process by which multicellular collectivity regulates epithelial motility. The correlation length for migration velocity was increased by CAV1 RNAi, a possible sign of epithelial jamming. However, CAV1 RNAi reduced migration, even when monolayers were allowed to migrate into unconfined spaces. The migratory defect was ameliorated by simultaneous depletion of the FMNL2 formin, whose cortical recruitment is increased in CAV1 RNAi cells.ConclusionsWe therefore suggest that CAV1 modulates intraepithelial motility by controlling the cortical availability of FMNL2.SignificanceAlthough epithelial collective cell migration has been observed in multiple contexts both in vivo and in vitro, the inherent coupling and coordination of activity between cells within the monolayer remain incompletely understood. Our study highlights a role for CAV1 in regulating intraepithelial motility, an effect that involves the formin FMNL2.
Impact of gastrointestinal symptoms on quality of life in MEN2
Authors: Goncharova Mariia , Grey Joanna , Druce Maralyn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContextBesides medullary thyroid carcinoma and other endocrinopathies, people with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2 (MEN2) are at risk of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of GI symptoms on the daily lives of patients with MEN2.DesignAn online survey was conducted among patients with MEN2 via the Association for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Disorders (AMEND).MethodsThe survey incorporated two validated questionnaires for the assessment of GI symptoms (SAGIS, PAC‐QoL).ParticipantsThere were 91 respondents, MEN2A (n = 57), MEN2B (n = 34).ResultsPeople in the MEN2A group reported a high level of GI symptoms, the most prevalent being abdominal pain 85% (n = 49), diarrhoea 85% (n = 49) and constipation 75% (n = 43) with one patient having a SAGIS score > 10/12 in the constipation domain. People in the MEN2B group reported constipation in 79% (n = 27) with one quarter of these scoring > 10/12 in the constipation domain. Other GI symptoms included diarrhoea 62% (n = 21), excessive gas and flatulence (79%), epigastric pain (59%) abdominal cramps (76%) and dysphagia (41%). The effect of constipation on quality of life was severe in all MEN2 patients as measured by PAC‐QOL and all patients reported dissatisfaction of with their current treatment for constipation. There was a trend towards higher severity of GI symptoms in MEN2B.ConclusionsWe report unmet needs of patients with MEN2 syndromes. The GI symptoms, especially constipation, had a severe impact on quality of life in people with MEN2. This suggests that there is room for improvement in the quality of care offered for these patients.
The safety and efficacy of supervised exercise on pregnant women with overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Muhammad Harry Freitag Luglio , Pramono Adriyan , Rahman Muhammad Nurhadi 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBehavioural modification through physical activity and dietary counselling has been shown to have beneficial effects on pregnant women with overweight/obesity. Whether exercise alone with supervision (ie, supervised exercise) may also benefit for pregnant women with overweight/obesity is still unknown. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of supervised exercise on pregnant women with overweight/obesity. PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Web of Science were used to search publications using a combination of main keywords “obesity”, “exercise”, “pregnant women”, and “randomised controlled trial”. From a total of 740 publications, 11 randomized controlled trials were included. All studies reported no adverse effects of supervised exercise on pregnant women with overweight/obesity. Of interest, this meta‐analysis showed gestational weight gain (GWG) was lower in the supervised exercise group as compared to control (Mean difference 0.88 kg, 95%CI ‐1.73 to −0.03, P = .04). There was a significant effect of supervised exercise on post‐prandial blood glucose (MD: ‐0.24, 95%CI ‐0.47 to −0.01, P = .04) and insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) (MD: ‐0.18, 95%CI ‐0.30 to −0.05, P = .005). There were no differences in risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, pre‐eclampsia/gestational hypertension, and newborn outcomes (eg, infants birth weight, preterm birth incident, and gestational age) (all P > .05). This meta‐analysis might suggest beneficial effects of supervised exercise on pregnant women with overweight/obesity to prevent excessive GWG, attenuates insulin resistance, and the post‐prandial blood glucose level.
Treatment of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection: The TENTACLE–Rectum study
Authors: van Workum Frans , Talboom Kevin , Hannink Gerjon , Wolthuis Albert , de Lacy Borja F. , Lefevre Jeremie H. , Solomon Michael , Frasson Matteo , Rotholtz Nicolas , Denost Quentin , Perez Rodrigo Oliva , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Panis Yves , Rosman Camiel , Hompes Roel , Tanis Pieter J. , de Wilt Johannes H. W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimAnastomotic leakage is a severe complication after low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer and occurs in up to 20% of patients. Most research focuses on reducing its incidence and finding predictive factors for anastomotic leakage. There are no robust data on severity and treatment strategies with associated outcomes. The aims of this work were (1) to investigate the factors that contribute to severity of anastomotic leakage and to compose an anastomotic leakage severity score and (2) to evaluate the effects of different treatment approaches on prespecified outcome parameters, stratified for severity score and other leakage characteristics.MethodTENTACLE–Rectum is an international multicentre retrospective cohort study. Patients with anastomotic leakage after LAR for primary rectal cancer between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018 will be included by each centre. We aim to include 1246 patients in this study. The primary outcome is 1‐year stoma‐free survival (i.e. patients alive at 1 year without a stoma). Secondary outcomes include number of reinterventions and unplanned readmissions within 1 year, total length of hospital stay, total time with a stoma, the type of stoma present at 1 year (defunctioning, permanent), complications related to secondary leakage and mortality. For aim (1) regression models will be used to create an anastomotic leakage severity score. For aim (2) the effectiveness of different treatment strategies for leakage will be tested after correction for severity score and leakage characteristics, in addition to other potential related confounders.ConclusionTENTACLE–Rectum will be an important step towards drawing up evidence‐based recommendations and improving outcomes for patients who experience severe treatment‐related morbidity.
The association of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio with the presence of minimal residual disease and outcome in patients with Stage II colon cancer treated with surgery alone
Authors: Murray Nigel P. , Villalon Ricardo , Orrego Shenda , Guzman Eghon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimDespite curative surgery, 25% of patients with Stage II colorectal cancer will relapse due to minimal residual disease (MRD). Markers of immune function, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), may be associated with MRD defined by bone marrow micro‐metastasis (mM) and circulating tumour cells (CTCs).MethodA prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with Stage II colon cancer patients attended at a single centre between 2007 and 2014. Blood and bone marrow samples were taken to detect CTCs and mM using immunocytochemistry with anti‐carcinoembryonic antigen 1 month after surgery. The NLR and absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were determined immediately pre‐surgery and 1 month post‐surgery. These were compared with the sub‐types of MRD: group I MRD(−); group II mM positive and group III CTC positive. Cut‐off values of the NLR of >3.0 and >5.0 were used. Follow‐up was for up to 5 years or relapse and disease‐free survival (DFS) was calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsIn all, 181 patients (99 women) participated. Mean age was 68 years. Median follow‐up was 4.04 years: I, N = 105; II, N = 36; III, N = 40. The NLR significantly decreased post‐surgery only in group I patients. The frequency of NLR >3.0 and >5.0 was significantly higher in group III; between groups I and II there was no significant difference. 5‐year DFS was 98% in group I, 68% in group II and 7% in group III.ConclusionsPatients with a significantly higher immune dysfunction had a shorter time to disease progression, a worse DFS and the presence of CTCs.
Avoiding surveillance biopsy: Use of a noninvasive biomarker assay in a real‐life scenario
Authors: Ang Audrey , Schieve Courtney , Rose Stanley , Kew Clifton , First M. Roy , Mannon Roslyn B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTruGraf™ blood test measures a specific gene expression signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for noninvasive assessment of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with stable renal function, excluding subclinical acute rejection (subAR) with high degree of confidence. Study objective was to correlate TruGraf™ test with 6‐month surveillance biopsy (SBx).MethodsProspective, single‐center study of 116 consecutive KTRs with SBx performed at 6 months post‐transplant..TruGraf™ done at time of SBx; results compared with histology (Banff 2017) for concordance.ResultsOf 116 enrollees, 26 excluded, absent biopsy (n = 17), test quality control issues (n = 9), leaving 90 KTRs—66% deceased donor kidneys, 58% African American, and 59% male. TruGraf™ result negative in 67 subjects; 54 had normal biopsy, indicating SBx could have been avoided. Eight subjects had true positive result where biopsy justified. Unnecessary biopsy would have been performed in 15 subjects with false‐positive TruGraf™, and subAR missed in 13 subjects with false‐negative test. In overall population of 90 patients, SBx would have been avoided in 54 (60%).ConclusionsImplementation of TruGraf™ testing in a “real‐world” cohort at the time of SBx identified a significant proportion of KTRs that could have avoided SBx.
Niche shift of tephritid species after the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) invasion in La Réunion
Authors: Moquet Laura , Payet Jim , Glenac Serge , Delatte Hélène 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimIn a context of successive fruit fly invasions (Tephritidae), this study investigated how the top invader, Bactrocera dorsalis, displaced established fruit fly populations. We focused, particularly, on how this invasion impacted the host range and climatic niche of each resident species.LocationLa Réunion, France, Indian Ocean.MethodsWe collected fruit from more than 100 plant species across the island, in cultivated and non‐cultivated areas at different altitudes in order to monitor the emergence of fruit flies. Fruit collection was conducted over two field campaigns: from 2001 to 2009, before the B. dorsalis invasion; and from 2018 to 2019, after the B. dorsalis invasion. We compared the distribution and host range of fruit fly species for the two periods.ResultsOur results confirmed the generalist character of B. dorsalis, with the infestation of 52 out of 112 of the fruit species collected in the field. After the B. dorsalis invasion, we observed a shift in the host range and spatial distribution of established tephritids. The host range of specialist species that only share a few host species with B. dorsalis did not change significantly. On the contrary, we observed a significant shift in diversity or proportion of host range and climatic niches for the generalist species, such as Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis quilicii and Ceratitis capitata.Main conclusionsWe provide evidence of the competitive displacement induced by B. dorsalis on other established species. The coexistence between B. dorsalis and generalist Ceratitis species seems possible because they have different responses to climatic conditions or the capacity to exploit other host fruit species. In contrast, the coexistence of B. zonata with B. dorsalis seems to be compromised because both species have similar ecological requirements. This research provides useful information for managing invasions, particularly since understanding competitive displacements is essential for the identification of empty niches and for modelling potential species distribution.
Exploring the organisational context of research misconduct in higher learning institutions in Malaysia
Authors: Olesen Angelina P. , Amin Latifah , Mahadi Zurina , Ibrahim Maznah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDue to the financial pressure caused by cutbacks in funding and the race to achieve higher university rankings, researchers are competing for limited funds. These funds enable researchers to contribute to the scientific enterprise and to secure better positions. Given this pressure, there is a need to understand how academic organisations can influence academic integrity. This study uses a qualitative methodology and incudes in‐depth interviews with 22 voluntary participants from various Malaysian public and private universities and with different research backgrounds and experience. The findings suggest that mentorship, the pressure to perform, the research environment and research policies related to misconduct can contribute to research misconduct. According to the participants, reward systems that are heavily dependent on publication records can result in a research environment that is not conducive to research ethics, and which creates self‐centred individualistic researchers rather than team players. This can lead to bad mentorship where researchers are more concerned with their own performance and do not prioritise their teaching and supervising of junior researchers. The endorsement of well‐written research policies may have little significant value for research misconduct without enforcement and awareness of the importance of research integrity. This paper is an attempt to encourage university management to promote research integrity among individuals who are directly or indirectly involved in the research process by taking action against those involved in misconduct. It also suggests rewarding researchers based on their overall performance rather than solely on their publication record.
Hospital resource use after hip reconstruction surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions
Authors: Berry Jay G , Difazio Rachel L , Melvin Patrice , Glader Laurie , Casto Elizabeth , Shore Benjamin J 
Published: November 2020

AimTo assess how co‐occurring conditions influence recovery after hip reconstruction surgery in children with neurological complex chronic conditions (CCCs).MethodThis was a retrospective analysis of 4058 children age 4 years or older with neurological CCCs who underwent hip reconstructive surgery between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2018 in 49 children’s hospitals. The presence of co‐occurring chronic conditions was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research Chronic Condition Indicator system. Multivariable, hierarchical regression was used to assess the relationship between co‐existing conditions and postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS), cost, and 30‐day readmission rate.ResultsThe most common co‐occurring conditions were digestive (60.1%) and respiratory (37.9%). As the number of co‐existing conditions increased from one to four or more, median LOS increased 67% (3d [interquartile range {IQR} 2–4d] to 5d [IQR 3–8d]); median hospital cost increased 41% ($20 248 [IQR $14 921–$27 842] to $28 692 [IQR $19 236–$45 887]); and readmission rates increased 250% (5.5–13.9%), p<0.001 for all. Of all specific co‐existing chronic conditions, malnutrition was associated with the greatest increase in postoperative hospital resource use.InterpretationCo‐occurring conditions, and malnutrition in particular, are a significant risk factor for prolonged, in‐hospital recovery after hip reconstruction surgery in children with a neurological CCC. Further investigation is necessary to assess how improved preoperative optimization of multiple co‐occurring conditions may improve postoperative outcomes and resource utilization.What this paper adds

Children with neurological complex chronic conditions (CCCs) often develop hip disorders which require hip reconstruction surgery.

Co‐occurring conditions are common in children with neuromuscular CCCs.

Having four or more chronic conditions was associated with a longer length of stay, increased costs, and higher odds of readmission.

Malnutrition was a significant risk factor for prolonged hospitalization after hip reconstruction surgery.
Vibrotactile sense 5 years after carpal tunnel release in people with diabetes: A prospective study with matched controls
Authors: Thomsen Niels O. B. , Dahlin Lars B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo compare vibrotactile sense, 5 years after carpal tunnel release in people with and without diabetes.MethodsOut of 35 people with diabetes and carpal tunnel syndrome, age‐ and gender‐matched with 31 people without diabetes but with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome, 27 and 30 people, respectively, participated in this prolonged follow‐up. Vibration perception threshold of the index and little finger (median and ulnar nerve, respectively), 5 years after surgery, was measured at seven different frequencies (8, 16, 32, 64, 125, 250 and 500 Hz).ResultsSignificant improvement of vibration perception threshold from 1 to 5 years after carpal tunnel release was found at 64 Hz for people with diabetes, while improvement for people without diabetes was demonstrated at several frequencies (64–250 Hz). However, both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in vibration perception threshold for the low frequencies (8–16 Hz). At 5 years, people with diabetes had significantly impaired vibration perception threshold at the index finger for high frequencies (125–500 Hz), and for nearly all frequencies (16 Hz, 64–500 Hz) at the little finger, compared to people without diabetes.ConclusionAfter carpal tunnel release, significant mid‐term improvement of vibrotactile sense appears limited for people with diabetes, compared to a continuous improvement for people without diabetes. In addition, a decline in low‐frequency vibrotactile sense occurs for the median as well as the ulnar nerve innervated fingers.Clinical Trial Registration NCT01201109
Discussing the political survival of Romanian ministers since 1989—Do economic conditions matter?
Authors: Mourao Paulo Reis , Popescu Alina Irina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolitical longevity in young democracies has attracted the attention of scholars and practitioners alike due to several particular characteristics of such democracies, such as a low level of trust, a low level of credibility, corruption, economic difficulties, a less well‐established rule of law and an increased bureaucracy. In such a context, we studied the tenure duration of Romanian ministers since 1989, as well as their accumulated political longevity in ministerial offices. Using proportional hazards regression, we observed some peculiarities in the young Romanian democracy in comparison with more established regimes. We observed that left‐wing majorities tend to increase the probability of seat changes and thus diminish tenure longevity. We also observed that good economic conditions may lead to the substitution of certain types of ministries, while higher inflation rates tend to shorten tenure longevity for Romanian ministers. Moreover, our estimations support the finding that Romanian ministers tend to have shorter tenures as the number of past ministerial functions increases and that the burden of simultaneously managing various ministries significantly contributes to the shorter political longevity of a given minister. Finally, recent ministers have had longer tenures than those in the first years after the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989.
Effects of cold stress on metabolic regulation in the overwintering larvae of the Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi
Authors: Fu Danyang , Dai Lulu , Ning Hang , Kang Xiaotong , Sun Yaya , Chen Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi Tsai & Li (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is considered the most destructive forest pest in the Qinling and Bashan Mountains of China. In recent years, winter temperature has dropped in these regions, and extremely low temperatures are hard to survive for insects. Cold hardiness becomes a crucial strategy because temperature change often leads to fluctuations in insect abundance, and the metabolism rate is a key index of resistance to cold in overwintering insects. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the change in respiratory rate and the activity of metabolism‐related mitochondrial enzymes in D. armandi larvae under cold conditions. We found that the respiratory rate decreased, and it was matched with the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, aconitase, and lipase during overwintering. Among the various test times under cold conditions, the respiratory rate also decreased with decreasing temperature and increased under very low temperatures. At all cold stress periods, glutamate dehydrogenase and lipase showed increased activity at higher temperatures and decreased activity under lower temperatures, but the activity of NAD‐malic enzyme, NADP‐malic enzyme, mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase, and aconitase were contrary. Under all low temperatures, the activity of enzymes – except for NADP‐malic enzyme, glutamate dehydrogenase, and lipase – increased in short‐term cold stress and decreased in long‐term cold stress at 4, 0, −4, −6, −8, and −10 °C. However, at −2 °C, the activity of enzymes showed a decreasing trend in short‐term treatments and an increasing trend in long‐term treatments, except for mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase. The results not only improve our understanding of the metabolic mechanism of cold adaptation in D. armandi, but also provide an important experimental basis for further study and biological pest control.