bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A climatological study of the wet and dry conditions in the pre‐summer monsoon season of the Philippines
Authors: Olaguera Lyndon Mark P. , Matsumoto Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the climatology of the wet and dry conditions in the pre‐summer monsoon season of the Philippines that are less emphasized in previous works. Wet cases (Type W), which account for about 23% of the total pre‐summer monsoon days from 1979 to 2015, are identified from April 1 to the monsoon onset defined by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). The differences between the Type W and dry cases (Type D) are presented. The synoptic conditions associated with the Type W and Type D cases are sub‐divided into two sub‐types based on the wind conditions, the (a) westerly winds at 925 hPa (WINDS
925hPa) intrusion over Luzon Island (120°–122.5°E, 12.5°–22°N) (Type WW and Type DW), and (b) enhanced easterly WINDS
925hPa (Type WE and Type DE). The Type WE (Type WW) cases account for about 63.9% (36.1%) of the total Type W cases, while the Type DE (Type DW) cases account for about 88.1% (11.9%) of the total Type D cases. A subset of Type WE cases (Type WEDef), which features an eastward propagating cold front to the north of Luzon Island and an intensifying anticyclone to its west originating from the east of the Tibetan Plateau and their differences are also examined. These two opposing circulations interact with the subtropical high over the northern Pacific and the easterlies over Luzon Island, and form a deformation zone. The confluence region of this deformation zone, where the cold front interacts with the warm and humid air brought by the easterly WINDS
925hPa, lies over Luzon Island and contributes to the convective activities during the pre‐summer monsoon over this region. This is the first attempt to clarify and document the role of deformation zones as another synoptic‐scale convective system during the pre‐summer monsoon season of the country.
No reason for not learning lessons: There are many valuable resources out there!
Authors: Ng Lucas , Kiang Hong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThere were many wake‐up calls in past decades right from the early industrialized Europe to the present century, from the Americas and to Asia. In Asia, the most prominent process safety incident was the 1984 Bhopal accident in India that greatly impacted the chemical industry. Today, it is the prerequisite for the management of major hazards installations (MHIs) such as petroleum refining, petrochemical manufacturing facilities, and chemical processing plants to be fully aware of their responsibility to ensure meeting safety, health, and environment requirements. Any MHI failure would not only lead to operation slowdown that result in financial loss, but also to worst‐case scenarios. One typical example is hazardous material release to the atmosphere as occurred in Bhopal which can result in catastrophic consequence.We must always maintain a sense of vulnerability, learning from past incidents, adherence to code of practices, and standards for new as well as existing equipment. Such a proactive approach will definitely reduce the risk of MHI to as low as reasonably applicable.
House fly resistance to chlorantraniliprole: cross resistance patterns, stability and associated fitness costs
Authors: Shah Rizwan Mustafa , Shad Sarfraz Ali 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is an important public health pest that serves as a carrier for pathogens transmitting various diseases of man and animals. It is well known for rapid resistance development to insecticides applied for its chemical control. Chlorantraniliprole, an anthranilic diamide, a ryanodine receptor agonist, is a promising agent for the integrated pest management of various insect pests. To design a retrospective resistance management strategy, life history traits of the chlorantraniliprole laboratory‐selected (CTPR‐SEL) and unselected counterpart (UNSEL) sub‐populations of a field strain and their reciprocal crosses were studied.RESULTSAfter eight generations of consecutive selection with chlorantraniliprole, a 750‐fold resistance level when compared to a susceptible strain and a 124‐fold resistance level when compared to the UNSEL strain had developed in CTPR‐SEL. Very low cross resistance to bifenthrin but no cross resistance to spinosad and fipronil was observed in the CTPR‐SEL strain. Results of the fitness traits suggest that the CTPR‐SEL has a lower relative fitness (0.34), reduced fecundity, a decrease in eggs hatchability, lower biotic potential and net reproductive rate as compared to the UNSEL strain. Interestingly, chlorantraniliprole resistance was unstable in the CTPR‐SEL.CONCLUSIONSFitness costs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance suggest that the efficacy of this insecticide could be preserved for a prolonged duration of time by alternating its use with insecticides having dissimilar modes of action and no cross resistance. When cross‐resistance is absent, a sequence of two insecticides is expected to be more durable than a mixture unless the population's h2 of resistance to the mixture is less than half of the mean of the population's h2 of resistance to the two individual components of the mixture. Unstable chlorantraniliprole resistance could also help to sustain its efficacy by being withdrawn from usage for some period of time. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A bioeconomic approach to sustainable development: Incorporating ecological thresholds within intergenerational efficiency
Authors: Bithas Kostas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe sustainability debate among economists, and between economists and other scholars, has long been dominated by monolithic approaches, which inhibit policy relevance and social influence. At the same time, certain sustainability policies usually lack a theoretical foundation, a fact that makes policy design and evaluation a fragmented process. Here, we delineate an axiomatic approach for sustainability, which incorporates functionally, within the science of economics, operational elements from biology and ecology. To this end, sustainability is defined on the basis of intergenerational efficiency, maximization of intergenerational welfare, whereas the welfare potentials of future generations are explicitly taken into account and assigned equal importance with those of the current generation. This paper focuses on the dependency of intergenerational efficiency on the natural capital and attempts to define the natural capital that is necessary for ensuring efficiency.We indicate that intergenerational efficiency necessitates the preservation of biological integrity as well as the healthy functioning and resilience of ecosystems. In order to make these conditions operational, we prove that the preservation of crucial biological–ecological threshold arises as the necessary condition for intergeneration efficiency. The operational concept of threshold can be incorporated within economic analyses and inspire sustainability design without the need of assigning fugacious prices to biological assets and services.
Artful sustainability governance—Foundational considerations on sensory‐informed policymaking for sustainable development
Authors: Heinrichs Harald 
Published: December 2019

Abstract(Un)sustainable developments are a significant challenge for state and nonstate actors from global to local level. Within the framework of the United Nations Transformation Agenda 2030 and the global Sustainable Development Goals, state institutions have a particular responsibility in guiding the process. In order to secure acceptance, this article claims that sustainability governance should aim to bring about well‐being‐oriented transformations. In this regard, besides cognitive insight into the need for change, the multisensorial dimensions of human existence in general as well as in everyday social practices in particular should be more systematically taken into account. Foundational conceptual and methodological considerations on sensory‐informed policymaking for sustainable development are discussed.
The politics of un‐truth and the assemblage of sexuality: Revisiting the Foucauldian methodology in studying sexuality in post‐revolutionary Iran
Authors: Rezaei‐Toroghi Mehran 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSexuality studies in Iran have been influenced by Foucauldian social constructivism. Given that this theory is based on western history and its special politics of truth, the significant question is, how could we apply this theoretical framework, considering the different politics of truth in Iran? While truth‐telling has a leading role in constructing modern sexuality in European countries (through Parrhesia, confession, interviews), discouragement to tell the truth about sex and avoid confession is a common maxim strongly advised by Islamic moral codes, juridical system, sexual language, social relations, and the official policies. To illustrate this difference, I will study how a distinctive strategy is dominated in the jurisprudential/legal, linguistic, and political context. Nonetheless, due to modernization of the society, another “will to know” is exercised by political and civil society to incite people to discourse. Accordingly, I suggest a complicated juxtaposition of two regimes of truth in Iran, which work paradoxically. The idea of assemblage as a set of relations, which are extending and contingent would be explicative in understanding this complexity.
Multiple testing approaches for hypotheses in integrative genomics
Authors: Rudra Pratyaydipta , Cruz‐Cortés Efrén , Zhang Xuhong , Ghosh Debashis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWith the explosion in available technologies for measuring many biological phenomena on a large scale, there have been concerted efforts in a variety of biological and medical settings to perform systems biology analyses. A crucial question then becomes how to combine data across the various large‐scale data types. This article reviews the data types that can be considered and treats so‐called horizontal and vertical integration analyses. This article focuses on the use of multiple testing approaches in order to perform integrative analyses. Two questions help to clarify the class of procedures that should be used. The first deals with whether a horizontal or vertical integration is being performed. The second is if there is a priority for a given platform. Based on the answers to these questions, we review various methodologies that could be applied.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Knowledge Discovery
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Applications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/Genetics
Recent advances on small‐molecule nanomedicines for cancer treatment
Authors: Xue Xiangdong , Lindstrom Aaron , Qu Haijing , Li Yuanpei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNanomedicines have made important contributions in the development of cancer therapies due to their tumor selectivity, multifunctionality, and synergistic effect between the payloads. In addition to the required pharmaceutical ingredients, nanomedicines are generally composed of nonpharmaceutical excipients. These excipients generally form a large proportion of the nanomedicine, and they may have potential toxicity and greatly increase the cost for drug development. Small molecule nanomedicines (SMNs) minimize or abandon the excipients and are directly assembled from pharmaceutical ingredients, which can largely improve the drug delivery efficiency and biosafety while also relieving the financial burden of drug development. In this review, we summarize recently developed SMNs that are composed of a single drug, physical mixtures of multiple drugs, drug–drug covalent conjugates, dyes with drugs, photosensitizers with drugs, photosensitizers with peptides, and drugs with peptides. This review focuses on the SMN's applications in cancer treatments, their limitations, and the future development outlook of SMNs. We hope that our insights on SMNs may be helpful to the future of drug development and make nanomedicine more powerful in the battle with cancer.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Lewis Fry Richardson – A Pioneer Not Forgotten
Authors: Gleditsch Nils Petter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLewis F Richardson, a physicist by training, remains a towering presence in two academic subjects, meteorology and peace research. Prizes are named for him in both fields. This chapter introduces a collection of articles assessing Richardson’s legacy and his enduring influence in the social sciences. It reviews his citations as an indication of the range of his influence and discusses his impact in five areas of social science: the study of arms races, data collection on deadly quarrels, the stability of the long peace, the role of geography in conflict, and the role of mathematics in peace studies. It also includes a brief discussion of the conscience of a scholar with regard to preparations for war.
Richardson and the Study of Dynamic Conflict Processes
Authors: Kadera Kelly M. , Crescenzi Mark , Zinnes Dina A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLewis Fry Richardson made foundational contributions to the study of international relations. In this chapter, we examine his agenda-setting impact on the study of dynamics, time, and processes, especially conflict processes. We highlight the presence of Richardsonian dynamics in various formal and empirical models of peace and conflict. In so doing we emphasize the role of feedback and interactions in Richardson’s models as well as other dynamic models, game-theoretic models, evolutionary game-theory and agent-based models, and quantitative empirical analyses. To show how these early foundations still inform research today, we then demonstrate how current research leverages dynamics to yield important insights concerning the origins and evolution of conflict such as when to expect norms of reciprocity to be present and to enable peace or exacerbate violence.
Model-independent method for measuring the angular coefficients of B0 → D∗−τ +ντ decays
Authors: Hill Donal , John Malcolm , Ke Wenqi , Poluektov Anton 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reconstruction of the B0→ D∗−τ+ντ angular distribution is complicated by the strongly biasing effect of losing the neutrino information from both the B and τ decays. In this work, a novel method for making unbiased measurements of the angular coefficients while preserving the model independence of the angular technique is demonstrated. The twelve angular functions that describe the signal decay, in addition to background terms, are modelled in a multidimensional fit, using template probability density functions that encapsulate all resolution and acceptance effects. Sensitivities at the LHCb and Belle II experiments are estimated, and sources of systematic uncertainty are discussed, notably in the extrapolation to a measurement of R(D∗).
The electro-weak couplings of the top and bottom quarks — Global fit and future prospects
Authors: Durieux Gauthier , Irles Adrian , Miralles Víctor , Peñuelas Ana , Perelló Martín , Pöschl Roman , Vos Marcel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe evaluate the implications of LHC and LEP/SLC measurements for the electro-weak couplings of the top and bottom quarks. We derive global bounds on the Wilson coefficients of ten two-fermion operators in an effective field theory description. The combination of hadron collider data withZ-pole measurements is found to yield tight limits on the operator coefficients that modify the left-handed couplings of the bottom and top quark to theZboson. We also present projections for the high-luminosity phase of the LHC and for future electron-positron colliders. The bounds on the operator coefficients are expected to improve substantially during the remaining LHC programme, by factors of 1 to 5 if systematic uncertainties are scaled as statistical ones. The operation of ane+e−collider at a center-of-mass energy above the top-quark pair production threshold is expected to further improve the bounds by one to two orders of magnitude. The combination of measurements inppande+e−collisions allows for a percent-level determination of the top-quark Yukawa coupling, that is robust in a global fit.
Unmixedness and arithmetic properties of matroidal ideals
Authors: Saremi Hero , Mafi Amir 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLet $$R=k[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]$$R=k[x1,…,xn] be the polynomial ring in n variables over a field k and let I be a matroidal ideal of degree d. In this paper, we study the unmixedness properties and the arithmetical rank of I. Moreover, we show that $$ara(I)=n-d+1$$ara(I)=n-d+1. This answers the conjecture made by Chiang-Hsieh (Comm Algebra 38:944–952, 2010, Conjecture).
Treating a subtotal degloving ring avulsion with leeches: an unusual case report with review of the literature
Authors: Wagner T. , Slater N. , Ulrich D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Subtotal deglovement injuries with delayed presentation give rise to the question: how to treat the mangled soft tissue to best keep the digit alive and functioning. We hereby present a case of a 59-year-old woman who was referred to our clinic 7 h after initial trauma from a peripheral hospital where an instant repositioning of a subtotal degloved skin envelop of her left middle finger had taken place with only minimal adhesion and circulation at the top of the finger left intact. On X-ray, a small avulsion fracture of her distal interphalangeal joint was visible but flexion and extension was intact at proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint level on examination. On arrival, we saw a finger with minimal reconstituted blood circulation and livid skin. Further treatment consisted of onsite debridement and primary suturing of the involved skin, followed by leech therapy the next week, and consecutive split-skin grafting 6 weeks later to cover minor residual defects. Further clinical course was uneventful and showed good clinical and esthetic results. We hereby present the patient’s clinical outcome and review of the literature for further evidence of our treatment regime.
Level of evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.
Bowel ultrasound measurements in healthy children — systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Wassenaer Elsa A. , de Voogd Floris A. E. , van Rijn Rick R. , van der Lee Johanna H. , Tabbers Merit M. , van Etten-Jamaludin Faridi S. , Kindermann Angelika , de Meij Tim G. J. , Gecse K. B. , D’Haens Geert R. , Benninga Marc A. , Koot Bart G. P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive method of assessing the bowel that can be used to screen for bowel pathology, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease, in children. Knowledge about US findings of the bowel in healthy children is important for interpreting US results in cases where disease is suspected.

Objective
To assess the bowel wall thickness in different bowel segments in healthy children and to assess differences in bowel wall thickness among pediatric age categories.

Materials and methods
We conducted a systematic search in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases for studies describing bowel wall thickness measured by transabdominal US in healthy children. We excluded studies using contrast agent. We calculated the pooled mean and standard deviation scores and assessed differences among age categories (0–4 years, 5–9 years, 10–14 years, 15–18 years), first with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further with subsequent Student’s t-tests for independent samples, corrected for multiple testing.

Results
We identified 191 studies and included 7 of these studies in the systematic review. Reported bowel wall thickness values ranged from 0.8 mm to 1.9 mm in the small bowel and from 1.0 mm to 1.9 mm in the colon. The mean colonic bowel wall thickness is larger in children ages 15–19 years compared to 0–4 years (range in difference: 0.3–0.5 mm [corrected P<0.02]).

Conclusion
The reported upper limit of bowel wall thickness in healthy children is 1.9 mm in the small bowel and the colon, and mean thickness increases slightly with age in jejunum and colon. These values can be used as guidance when screening for bowel-related pathology in children.
Narrower QRS may be enough to respond to cardiac resynchronization therapy in lightweight patients
Authors: Nakai Toshiko , Mano Hiroaki , Ikeya Yukitoshi , Aizawa Yoshihiro , Kurokawa Sayaka , Ohkubo Kimie , Nagashima Koichi , Watanabe Ichiro , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA prolonged QRS duration (QRSd) is promising for a response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The variation in human body sizes may affect the QRSd. We hypothesized that conduction disturbances may exist in Japanese even with a narrow (< 130 ms)-QRS complex; such patients could be CRT candidates. We investigated the relationships between QRSd and sex and body size in Japanese. We retrospectively analyzed the values of 338 patients without heart failure (HF) (controls) and 199 CRT patients: 12-lead electrocardiographically determined QRSd, left ventricular diastolic and systolic diameters (LVDd and LVDs), body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), and LVEF. We investigated the relationships between the QRSd and BSA, BMI, and LVD. The men’s and women’s BSA values were 1.74 m2 and 1.48 m2 in the controls (p < 0.0001), and 1.70 m2 and 1.41 m2 in the CRT patients (p < 0.0001). The men’s and women’s QRSd values were 96.1 ms and 87.4 ms in the controls (p < 0.0001), and 147.8 ms and 143.9 ms in the CRT group (p = 0.4633). In the controls, all body size and LVD variables were positively associated with QRSd. The CRT response rate did not differ significantly among narrow-, mid-, and wide-QRS groups (83.6%, 91.3%, 92.4%). An analysis of the ROC curve provided a QRS cutoff value of 114 ms for CRT responder. The QRSd appears to depend somewhat on body size in patients without HF. The CRT response rate was better than reported values even in patients with a narrow QRSd (< 130 ms). When patients are considered for CRT, a QRSd > 130 ms may not be necessary, and the current JCS guidelines appear to be appropriate.
Nonoperative treatment for nonperforated appendicitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maita Sonia , Andersson Björn , Svensson Jan F. , Wester Tomas 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAcute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency in children. Nonoperative treatment of nonperforated acute appendicitis in children is an alternative to appendectomy. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the outcomes of nonoperative treatment of nonperforated acute appendicitis in children in the literature. Databases were searched to identify abstracts, using predefined search terms. The abstracts were reviewed by two independent reviewers and articles were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted by the two reviewers and analyzed. The literature search yielded 2743 abstracts. Twenty-one articles were selected for analysis. The study design was heterogenous, with only one randomized controlled study. The symptoms resolved in 92% [95% CI (88; 96)] of the nonoperatively treated patients. Meta-analysis showed that an additional 16% (95% CI 10; 22) of patients underwent appendectomy after discharge from initial hospital stay. Complications and length of hospital stay was not different among patients treated with antibiotics compared with those who underwent appendectomy. Nonoperative treatment of nonperforated acute appendicitis children is safe and efficient. There is a lack of large randomized controlled trials to compare outcomes of nonoperative treatment with appendectomy.