bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of instruments for the analysis of national-level physical activity and sedentary behaviour policies
Authors: Klepac Pogrmilovic Bojana , O’Sullivan Grant , Milton Karen , Biddle Stuart J. H. , Pedisic Zeljko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
This systematic review aimed to identify and critically assess available instruments for the analysis of national-level physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) policies and provide recommendations for their future use.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of academic and grey literature through six bibliographic databases, Google and the websites of three international organisations for PA promotion to identify instruments that are used or that may be used for national-level PA/SB policy analysis. In order to describe and categorise the identified instruments, we used the Comprehensive Analysis of Policy on Physical Activity framework. This framework specifies the elements of a comprehensive analysis of PA/SB policies through the following categories: purpose, level, policy sector, type of policy, stages of policy cycle and scope of analysis.

Results
Out of 22,071 screened items, 26 publications describing 16 instruments met the selection criteria. All the instruments can be used for analysing PA policy, whilst only two include questions about SB policy. None of the instruments allow for the analysis of all the relevant components of national PA/SB policy. Some important elements of PA policy analysis, such as the tourism and research sectors, the agenda-setting and endorsement/legitimisation stages, and the effects of policy, are addressed by only a few instruments. Moreover, none of the instruments address unwritten formal statements, informal policies, and the termination and succession stages of the policy cycle.

Conclusion
Designing new instruments or adapting existing ones is needed to allow for a more thorough analysis of national PA and SB policies. Given that policy analysis covering all important components of PA/SB policy may be extremely time-consuming, a way forward might be to develop a set of complementary instruments, with each tool collecting detailed information about a specific component.
Chromatin accessibility and transcription dynamics during in vitro astrocyte differentiation of Huntington’s Disease Monkey pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Goodnight Alexandra V. , Kremsky Isaac , Khampang Sujittra , Jung Yoon Hee , Billingsley James M. , Bosinger Steven E. , Corces Victor G. , Chan Anthony W. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuntington’s Disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion, resulting in a mutant huntingtin protein. While it is now clear that astrocytes are affected by HD and significantly contribute to neuronal dysfunction and pathogenesis, the alterations in the transcriptional and epigenetic profiles in HD astrocytes have yet to be characterized. Here, we examine global transcription and chromatin accessibility dynamics during in vitro astrocyte differentiation in a transgenic non-human primate model of HD.ResultsWe found global changes in accessibility and transcription across different stages of HD pluripotent stem cell differentiation, with distinct trends first observed in neural progenitor cells (NPCs), once cells have committed to a neural lineage. Transcription of p53 signaling and cell cycle pathway genes was highly impacted during differentiation, with depletion in HD NPCs and upregulation in HD astrocytes. E2F target genes also displayed this inverse expression pattern, and strong associations between E2F target gene expression and accessibility at nearby putative enhancers were observed.ConclusionsThe results suggest that chromatin accessibility and transcription are altered throughout in vitro HD astrocyte differentiation and provide evidence that E2F dysregulation contributes to aberrant cell-cycle re-entry and apoptosis throughout the progression from NPCs to astrocytes.
Optimality and duality results for E-differentiable multiobjective fractional programming problems under E-convexity
Authors: Antczak Tadeusz , Abdulaleem Najeeb 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A new class of (not necessarily differentiable) multiobjective fractional programming problems with E-differentiable functions is considered. The so-called parametric E-Karush–Kuhn–Tucker necessary optimality conditions and, under E-convexity hypotheses, sufficient E-optimality conditions are established for such nonsmooth vector optimization problems. Further, various duality models are formulated for the considered E-differentiable multiobjective fractional programming problems and several E-duality results are derived also under appropriate E-convexity hypotheses.
DNA barcoding confirms the first record of a Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898) egg and all-time high adult catches in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Rathnasuriya M. I. G. , Mateos-Rivera A. , Bandara A. G. G. C. , Skern-Mauritzen R. , Jayasinghe R. P. P. K. , Krakstad J. O. , Dalpadado P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The eggs of Polka-dot ribbonfish Desmodema polystictum have been recorded for the first time in the Indian Ocean. Although the only previous information on eggs from this species consists of line drawings from 1973 (Pacific Ocean), the identification was possible by combining morphological and molecular analyses. As far as we are aware, only few confirmed records of adult individuals have been previously reported from the Indian Ocean. We found eggs in the proximity of numerous adults (57 and 42 individuals at two stations) indicating that the Central Indian Ocean is potentially an important spawning ground of D. polystictum.
New records of marine decapods and stomatopods in Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG): four years of marine biodiversity inventorying
Authors: Vargas-Castillo Rita , Cortés Jorge 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe marine area of Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) contains a 43,000 ha formal marine protected area, a 732 ha special management zone in Bahía Santa Elena, and 150 km of wild protected coastline. In an effort to broaden the biodiversity knowledge of all marine taxa present in the area, an inventory was started in 2015 (BioMar-ACG Project). This initiative is being funded by the Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund (GDFCF) in collaboration with government staff at ACG, and is carried out by Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR, Center for Research in Marine Science and Limnology) and Museo de Zoología (Zoology Museum), both from Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). After four years of the project, 2650 specimens of marine decapod crustaceans and stomatopods have been collected, belonging to 209 species, out of which 99 are new records for ACG, four may be new species and nine (Cyrtoplax panamensis, Glyptoxanthus labyrinthicus, Pachyches marcortezensis, Petrolisthes donadio, Pylopagurus holmesi, Synalpheus pinkfloydi, Typton granulosus, Zenopontonia soror, Neogonodactylus pumilus) are new records for Costa Rica. With this contribution the total number of decapods (257 spp.) and stomatopods (14 spp.) for ACG is 271 species, more than half the species reported for Costa Rica, and more than a quarter of all crustaceans reported for the eastern tropical Pacific. The high concentration of species in ACG may be attributed to the diversity of habitats, the seasonal upwelling and to the recent sampling efforts. In only four years, the BioMar-ACG has increased the number of species in these groups of crustaceans by 37% over the past 85 years of previous studies in the ACG.
A case report of rare location of ganglioglioma
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Bhaskar S. , Hire Sumit Ramdas , Ahuja Arvind 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system. They can occur anywhere in the central nervous system but are most commonly located in the temporal lobe and are mainly found in children. Anaplastic ganglioglioma can result from either de novo or transformation of a pre-existing lesion.

Case presentation
We report a case of de novo anaplastic ganglioglioma in the parieto occipital region, which is a rare location. A 34-year-old lady presented with features of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) with right side hemiparesis. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) of the brain showed well-defined intense heterogenously enhancing solid cystic mass lesion 5.3 × 5.2 cm in the left parieto occipital region with mass effect and midline shift. Intraoperatively, a cystic mass lesion with reddish brown nodule was seen in the left occipital lobe. Complete tumor excision was done. Microscopic and IHC examination was suggestive of anaplastic ganglioglioma. The post-operative period was uneventful. The patient received 60-Gy radiotherapy with temozolamide as adjuvant therapy, and repeat imaging showed no tumor recurrence.

Conclusion
Anaplastic gangliogliomas are rare tumors with parieto occipital as rare location.
TarGo: network based target gene selection system for human disease related mouse models
Authors: Hyung Daejin , Mallon Ann-Marie , Kyung Dong Soo , Cho Soo Young , Seong Je Kyung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models are used in high-throughput phenotyping screens to understand genotype-phenotype associations and their relevance to human diseases. However, not all mutant mouse lines with detectable phenotypes are associated with human diseases. Here, we propose the “Target gene selection system for Genetically engineered mouse models” (TarGo). Using a combination of human disease descriptions, network topology, and genotype-phenotype correlations, novel genes that are potentially related to human diseases are suggested. We constructed a gene interaction network using protein-protein interactions, molecular pathways, and co-expression data. Several repositories for human disease signatures were used to obtain information on human disease-related genes. We calculated disease- or phenotype-specific gene ranks using network topology and disease signatures. In conclusion, TarGo provides many novel features for gene function prediction.
The importance of harmonising diagnostic criteria sets for pathological grief
Authors: Lenferink Lonneke I. M. , Boelen Paul A. , Smid Geert E. , Paap Muirne C. S. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryFive diagnostic criteria sets for pathological grief are currently used in research. Studies evaluating their performance indicate that it is not justified to generalise findings regarding prevalence rates and predictive validity across studies using different diagnostic criteria of pathological grief. We provide recommendations to move the bereavement field forward.
Results of a Multicenter Phase II Study of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab for Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma With Variant Histology and/or Sarcomatoid Features
Authors: McGregor Bradley A. , McKay Rana R. , Braun David A. , Werner Lillian , Gray Kathryn , Flaifel Abdallah , Signoretti Sabina , Hirsch Michelle S. , Steinharter John A. , Bakouny Ziad , Flippot Ronan , Wei Xiao X. , Choudhury Atish , Kilbridge Kerry , Freeman Gordon J. , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Harshman Lauren C. , McDermott David F. , Vaishampayan Ulka , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: November 2019

PURPOSE In this multicenter phase II trial, we evaluated atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with variant histology or any RCC histology with ≥ 20% sarcomatoid differentiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients may have received previous systemic therapy, excluding prior bevacizumab or checkpoint inhibitors. Patients underwent a baseline biopsy and received atezolizumab 1,200 mg and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks. The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) by RECIST version 1.1. Additional end points were progression-free survival (PFS), toxicity, biomarkers of response as determined by programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status, and on-therapy quality-of-life (QOL) metrics using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Kidney Symptom Index-19 and the Brief Fatigue Inventory. RESULTS Sixty patients received at least 1 dose of either study agent; the majority (65%) were treatment naïve. The ORR for the overall population was 33% and 50% in patients with clear cell RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation and 26% in patients with variant histology RCC. Median PFS was 8.3 months (95% CI, 5.7 to 10.9 months). PD-L1 status was available for 36 patients; 15 (42%) had ≥ 1% expression on tumor cells. ORR in PD-L1–positive patients was 60% (n = 9) v 19% (n = 4) in PD-L1–negative patients. Eight patients (13%) developed treatment-related grade 3 toxicities. There were no treatment-related grade 4-5 toxicities. QOL was maintained throughout therapy. CONCLUSION In this study, atezolizumab and bevacizumab demonstrated safety and resulted in objective responses in patients with variant histology RCC or RCC with ≥ 20% sarcomatoid differentiation. This regimen warrants additional exploration in patients with rare RCC, particularly those with PD-L1–positive tumors.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Acromegaly and the Effect of Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Parolin Matteo , Dassie Francesca , Alessio Luigi , Wennberg Alexandra , Rossato Marco , Vettor Roberto , Maffei Pietro , Pagano Claudio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by upper airway collapse requiring nocturnal ventilatory assistance. Multiple studies have investigated the relationship between acromegaly and OSA, reporting discordant results.

Aim
To conduct a meta-analysis on the risk for OSA in acromegaly, and in particular to assess the role of disease activity and the effect of treatments.

Methods and Study Selection
A search through literature databases retrieved 21 articles for a total of 24 studies (n = 734). Selected outcomes were OSA prevalence and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in studies comparing acromegalic patients with active (ACT) vs inactive (INACT) disease and pretreatment and posttreatment measures. Factors used for moderator and meta-regression analysis included the percentage of patients with severe OSA, patient sex, age, body mass index, levels of insulin-like growth factor 1, disease duration and follow-up, and therapy.

Results
OSA prevalence was similar in patients with acromegaly who had ACT and INACT disease (ES = −0.16; 95% CI, −0.47 to 0.15; number of studies [k] = 10; P = 0.32). In addition, AHI was similar in ACT and INACT acromegaly patients (ES = −0.03; 95% CI, −0.49 to 0.43; k = 6; P = 0.89). When AHI was compared before and after treatment in patients with acromegaly (median follow-up of 6 months), a significant improvement was observed after treatment (ES = −0.36; 95% CI, −0.49 to −0.23; k = 10; P &lt; 0.0001). In moderator analysis, the percentage of patients with severe OSA in the populations significantly influenced the difference in OSA prevalence (P = 0.038) and AHI (P = 0.04) in ACT vs INACT patients.

Conclusion
Prevalence of OSA and AHI is similar in ACT and INACT patients in cross-sectional studies. However, when AHI was measured longitudinally before and after treatment, a significant improvement was observed after treatment.
Weight Loss Improves β-Cell Function in People With Severe Obesity and Impaired Fasting Glucose: A Window of Opportunity
Authors: Rothberg Amy E , Herman William H , Wu Chunyi , IglayReger Heidi B , Horowitz Jeffrey F , Burant Charles F , Galecki Andrzej T , Halter Jeffrey B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In people with obesity, β-cell function may adapt to insulin resistance. We describe β-cell function in people with severe obesity and normal fasting glucose (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as assessed before, 3 to 6 months after, and 2 years after medical weight loss to describe its effects on insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and β-cell function.

Methods
Fifty-eight participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2 (14 with NFG, 24 with IFG, and 20 with T2DM) and 13 normal weight participants with NFG underwent mixed meal tolerance tests to estimate insulin sensitivity (S[I]), insulin secretion (Φ), and β-cell function assessed as model-based Φ adjusted for S(I). All 58 obese participants were restudied at 3 to 6 months and 27 were restudied at 2 years.

Results
At 3 to 6 months, after a 20-kg weight loss and a decrease in BMI of 6 kg/m2, S(I) improved in all obese participants, Φ decreased in obese participants with NFG and IFG and tended to decrease in obese participants with T2DM, and β-cell function improved in obese participants with NFG and tended to improve in obese participants with IFG. At 2 years, β-cell function deteriorated in participants with NFG and T2DM but remained significantly better in participants with IFG compared to baseline.

Conclusions
Short-term weight loss improves β-cell function in participants with NFG and IFG, but β-cell function tends to deteriorate over 2 years. In participants with IFG, weight loss improves longer-term β-cell function relative to baseline and likely relative to no intervention, suggesting that obese people with IFG are a subpopulation whose β-cell function is most likely to benefit from weight loss.
Review: Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer—Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications
Authors: Lega Iliana C , Lipscombe Lorraine L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have both been associated with an increased risk of cancer. In the face of increasing obesity and diabetes rates worldwide, this is a worrying trend for cancer rates. Factors such as hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, antihyperglycemic medications, and shared risk factors have all been identified as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship. The most common obesity- and diabetes-related cancers are endometrial, colorectal, and postmenopausal breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence that describes the complex relationship between obesity, diabetes, and cancer, focusing on epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence, and also reviewing the role of antihyperglycemic agents, novel research approaches such as Mendelian Randomization, and the methodological limitations of existing research. In addition, we also describe the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and cancer with a review of the evidence summarizing the risk of diabetes following cancer treatment. We conclude this review by providing clinical implications that are relevant for caring for patients with obesity, diabetes, and cancer and provide recommendations for improving both clinical care and research for patients with these conditions.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blinded Study of the Effect of Intravenous Ondansetron on the Effective Dose in 50% of Subjects of Prophylactic Phenylephrine Infusions for Preventing Spinal Anesthesia–Induced Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Xiao Fei , Wei Changna , Chang Xiangyang , Zhang Yinfa , Xue Lili , Shen Huaxiang , Ngan Kee Warwick D. , Chen Xinzhong 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:
Ondansetron has been shown to reduce the incidence of hypotension and vasopressor requirement during spinal anesthesia for obstetric and nonobstetric surgery. However, the magnitude of this effect has not been fully quantified. In this parallel-group, randomized, double-blinded study, we determined the effective dose in 50% of subjects (ED50) of a prophylactic phenylephrine infusion for preventing hypotension in patients who received a single dose of intravenous ondansetron 4 mg or saline control before combined spinal–epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. ED50 values obtained were compared to estimate the effect of ondansetron versus placebo on vasopressor requirement.

METHODS:
Sixty parturients were randomly assigned to receive ondansetron (group O) or saline control (group C) 10 minutes before positioning for induction of spinal anesthesia. A prophylactic phenylephrine infusion was used to prevent hypotension. The first patient in each group received a phenylephrine infusion at the rate of 0.5 µg/kg/min. The infusion rate for each subsequent patient was varied with increments or decrements of 0.05 µg/kg/min based on the response of the previous patient, and the effective dose of the phenylephrine infusion for preventing hypotension in 50% of patients (ED50) was calculated for each group and compared using up-down sequential analysis. Probit regression was applied as a backup and sensitivity analysis was used to compare ED50 values for phenylephrine between groups by comparing calculated relative mean potency.

RESULTS:
The ED50 (mean [95% confidence interval (CI)]) of the rate of phenylephrine infusion was lower in group O (0.24 µg/kg/min [0.10–0.38 µg/kg/min]) compared with group C (0.32 µg/kg/min [0.14–0.47 µg/kg/min]) (P < .001). The total consumption of phenylephrine (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) until delivery was lower in group O (316.5 ± 25.9 µg) than in group C (387.7 ± 14.7 µg, P = .02). The estimate of relative median potency for phenylephrine for group O versus group C was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.37–0.95).

CONCLUSIONS:
Under the conditions of this study, intravenous ondansetron 4 mg reduced the ED50 of a prophylactic phenylephrine infusion by approximately 26% in patients undergoing cesarean delivery under combined spinal–epidural anesthesia.
Analysis of rural egg production to improve the economy of the Andean communities in Ecuador
Authors: Bravo Avalos María Belén , Vaca Cárdenas Maritza , López Salazar José Luis , Herrera Chico María Fernanda , Villamarín Padilla Jenny Margoth 
Published: November 2019

Background: An economically active population refers to people involved in any economic activity, such as agriculture, livestock, or industry. This activity can supply benefits to its owners and may generate the growth of small businesses. Our study presents a qualitative analysis of the egg production in Ecuadorian Andean communities (Tzimbuto, Bayushig "La Liberad," and La Victoria "Pusuca.") Methods: Analysis was performed using a random sample of 81 hens and 29 eggs obtained from 65 producers, belonging to 50 farming families at the Utopia Community Fair. Zoometric characterization of the hens was carried out according to FAO protocols, and egg yolk quality, egg width and weight, and egg shell weight and thickness were calculated. The 65 producers were interviewed to answer questions pertaining to selling eggs, costs of production, and realized profit. The profit/cost indicator was calculated from the ratio of expenditure (egress) and total revenue of egg sales. Results: 84% of surveyed participants indicated that they purchase eggs for their nutritional value, 12% because the animals are raised with organic food, and 4% showed preference for the eggs’ special flavor. The quality analysis of the eggs sold at the Fair demonstrated that the average weight of the eggs was 47.24 g; the length was 55.24 mm; and the width was 41.66 mm; weight and thickness of the shell were 4.90 g and 0.42 mm, respectively. The color of the yolk had a brightness of 57.62 L*, 5.53 a* for red/green tones and 47.15 b* for yellow/blue tones. The costs to produce the eggs for the Fair was US$0.21 with a profit/cost of US$0.04 per egg; the unit sale price is US$0.25. Conclusions: 84% of surveyed participants indicated that they purchase eggs for their nutritional value, revealing the need to train the communities toward more efficient egg production.