bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of bilateral prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy in patients with high risk of breast cancer
Authors: Valero M G , Moo T-A , Muhsen S , Zabor E C , Stempel M , Pusic A , Gemignani M L , Morrow M , Sacchini V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is being performed increasingly for risk reduction in high-risk groups. There are limited data regarding complications and oncological outcomes in women undergoing bilateral prophylactic NSM. This study reviewed institutional experience with prophylactic NSM, and examined the indications, rates of postoperative complications, incidence of occult malignant disease and subsequent breast cancer diagnosis.

Methods
Women who had bilateral prophylactic NSM between 2000 and 2016 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Rates of postoperative complications, incidental breast cancer, recurrence and overall survival were evaluated.

Results
A total of 192 women underwent 384 prophylactic NSMs. Indications included BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations in 117 patients (60·9 per cent), family history of breast cancer in 35 (18·2 per cent), lobular carcinoma in situ in 29 (15·1 per cent) and other reasons in 11 (5·7 per cent). Immediate breast reconstruction was performed in 191 patients. Of 384 NSMs, 116 breasts (30·2 per cent) had some evidence of skin necrosis at follow-up, which resolved spontaneously in most; only 24 breasts (6·3 per cent) required debridement. Overall, there was at least one complication in 129 breasts (33·6 per cent); 3·6 and 1·6 per cent had incidental findings of ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer respectively. The nipple–areola complex was preserved entirely in 378 mastectomies. After a median follow-up of 36·8 months, there had been no deaths and no new breast cancer diagnoses.

Conclusion
These findings support the use of prophylactic NSM in high-risk patients. The nipples could be preserved in the majority of patients, postoperative complication rates were low, and, with limited follow-up, there were no new breast cancers.
Gastrectomy with or without omentectomy for cT3–4 gastric cancer: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Ri M , Nunobe S , Honda M , Akimoto E , Kinoshita T , Hori S , Aizawa M , Yabusaki H , Isobe Y , Kawakubo H , Abe T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Omentectomy is performed widely for locally advanced gastric cancer to prevent disease recurrence. However, its clinical benefit is unknown.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study compared the outcome of gastrectomy with preservation of the omentum (GPO) and gastrectomy with resection of the omentum (GRO) among patients with cT3–T4 gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between 2006 and 2012 in one of five participating institutions. A consensus conference identified 28 variables potentially associated with outcome after gastrectomy for the estimation of propensity scores, and propensity score matching (PSM) was undertaken to control for possible confounders. Postoperative surgical outcomes, overall survival and disease recurrence were compared between GPO and GRO.

Results
A total of 1758 patients were identified, of whom 526 remained after PSM, 263 in each group. Median follow-up was 4·9 (i.q.r. 3·1–5·9) years in the GRO group and 5·0 (2·5–6·8) years in the GPO group. The incidence of postoperative complications of Clavien–Dindo grade III or more was significantly higher in the GRO group (17·5 versus 10·3 per cent; P = 0·016). Five-year overall survival rates were 77·1 per cent in the GRO group and 79·4 per cent in the GPO group (P = 0·749). There were no significant differences in recurrence rate or pattern of recurrence between the groups.

Conclusion
Overall survival and disease recurrence were comparable in patients with cT3–4 gastric cancer who underwent GPO or GRO.
Stromal score as a prognostic factor in primary gastric cancer and close association with tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Mao Min , Yu Qingliang , Huang Rongzhi , Lu Yunxin , Wang Zhen , Liao Liang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGastric cancer remains one of the major causes for tumor‐related deaths worldwide. Our study aimed to provide an understanding of primary gastric cancer and prompt its clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWe integrated the expression profiles and overall survival information of primary gastric cancer in TCGA and GEO database and estimated the stromal score of each sample by the estimate R package. Stromal score and clinicopathologic characteristics associated with overall survival were analyzed by using Cox regression and the Kaplan‐Meier method. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and KEGG analysis were performed to explore the potential molecular mechanism in TCGA dataset. The relationship between immunotherapy‐associated markers or immune cell types and stromal score was explored by using Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsA total of 796 samples were collected for the analysis. Patients with stromal score‐high showed poor overall survival (P < .01, HR: 1.407, 95% CI: 1.144‐1.731) and identified as an independent prognostic factor. KEGG analysis revealed that stromal score actively involved in diverse tumor‐associated pathways. GSEA analysis also revealed stromal score associated with diverse immune‐related biological processes. Furthermore, stromal score was related with immunotherapy‐associated markers and multiple immune cells.ConclusionOur results showed that stromal score could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in primary gastric cancer and play an important role in the recognition, surveillance, and prognosis of gastric cancer.
Long non‐coding RNA FAM66C is associated with clinical progression and promotes cell proliferation by inhibiting proteasome pathway in prostate cancer
Authors: Xie Yimin , Gu Jie , Qin Zhenqian , Ren Zhen , Wang Yanwei , Shi Haifeng , Chen Binghai 
Published: May 2020

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in men, and the identification of novel oncogenes is clinically valuable for early screening, prevention and treatment. Recently, the studies have revealed that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the development and progression of cancers including prostate cancer. The present study aims to identify a novel lncRNA that correlated with the survival time of prostate cancer patients and try to explore its biological functions in prostate cancer cells. After analysing the prostate carcinoma dataset of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the lncRNA FAM66C was screened with its expression highly correlated with patient survival time, tumour stage and Gleason pattern. Real‐time PCR showed that FAM66C highly expressed in prostate cancer cells, and knockdown FAM66C by siRNAs resulted in significant inhibition of cell growth. Furthermore, the results indicated that FAM66C promoted cell growth due to increasing cell proliferation but not decreasing cell apoptosis. In addition, FAM66C activated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signalling to promote cell proliferation. The result of Western Blotting and lysosomal acidity detection showed that knockdown FAM66C increased the protein ubiquitination and the lysosomal acidity. Moreover, inhibition of proteasome pathway could increase the activation of EGFR‐ERK signalling and cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggested that lncRNA FAM66C activate EGFR‐ERK signalling to promote cell proliferation by inhibiting proteasome pathway in prostate cancer.Significance of the studyWe demonstrated that lncRNA FAM66C was associated with clinical progression. In addition, highly expressed lncRNA FAM66C in prostate cancer cell lines promoted cell proliferation. Moreover, lncRNA FAM66C activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signalling to promote cell proliferation by inhibiting proteasome pathway in prostate cancer. This study might provide lncRNA FAM66C as a potential therapeutic target gene of prostate cancer.
Spontaneous fistulization of walled‐off pancreatic necrosis into the colon
Authors: Khan Tanveer , Pandit Narendra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpontaneous fistulization of the pancreatic necrosis into the colon is rare. It should be kept as differentials in the presence of massive air in the WOPN. Sometimes, simple bedside X‐ray abdomen may clinch the diagnosis in the presence of large radiolucent air‐fluid level with a peripheral displaced bowel loops.
Photophysics, Electrochemistry and Efficient Electrochemiluminescence of Trigonal Truxene‐Core Dyes
Authors: Voci Silvia , Verlhac Jean‐Baptiste , Polo Federico , Clermont Guillaume , Daniel Jonathan , Castet Frédéric , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Sojic Neso 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe synthesized and characterized a series of dyes built from a spirofluorene or truxene core. The quadrupolar spirofluorene system is the initial building unit for the design and preparation of more complex star‐shaped dyes consisting of a truxene core bearing three di‐ or triphenylamine moieties with or without a thiophene connector. Their photophysical, electrochemical, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties were first investigated in solution. Structure/activity relationships were derived and rationalized by comparing the quadrupolar system and trigonal truxene‐core derivatives using computational studies. The photophysical and redox characteristics are drastically tuned by the introduction of a thiophene bridge and electron‐donor substituents at their terminal branches. These comparative studies show the essential role of the stability of both radical cations and anions to obtain efficient ECL dyes. The stabilization of the radicals is directly related to the charge delocalization due to the π‐conjugation by the thiophene bridge. The brightest ECL is achieved by annihilation and coreactant (benzoyl peroxide) pathways with the blue‐emitting truxene dye, which is 2‐ and 4.5‐times greater than that of the quadrupolar compound and reference [Ru(bpy)3]2+ emitter, respectively. Such an extensive study on these extended π‐conjugated molecules presenting different core structures may guide the design and synthesis of new ECL dyes with a strong efficiency.
Highly Conductive Cobalt Perthiolated Coronene Complex for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Zhijun , Cui Yutao , Ye Chunhui , Liu Liyao , Wu Xiaoyu , Sun Yimeng , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetal‐bis(dithiolene) is one of the most promising structures showing redox activity, excellent electron transport and magnetic properties as well as catalytic activities. Perthiolated coronene (PTC), an emerging highly symmetric ligand containing the smallest graphene nanoplate was employed to manufacture a hybrid material with fused metal‐bis(dithiolene) and graphene nanoplate, and it has been demonstrated as an efficient strategy for the construction of multifunctional materials recently. Herein, Co‐PTC, a 2D MOF containing Co‐bis(dithiolene) and coronene units is prepared via a homogeneous reaction for the first time as powder samples, which are bar‐shaped microparticles composed of nanosheets. A neutral formula of [Co3(C24S12)]n is verified for Co‐PTC. Co‐PTC plays an ultrahigh conductivity of approximately 45 S cm−1 at room temperature as compressed samples, which is among the highest value ever reported for the compressed powder samples of conducting MOFs. Moreover, Co‐PTC exhibits good electrocatalytic performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a Tafel slope of 189 mV decade−1 and an operating overpotential of 227 mV at 10 mA cm−1 with pH=0, as well as a remarkable stability in the extremely acidic aqueous solutions, which is the best hydrogen evolution properties among metal–organic compounds.
Enhancing Tris(pyrazolyl)borate‐Based Models of Cysteine/Cysteamine Dioxygenases through Steric Effects: Increased Reactivities, Full Product Characterization and Hints to Initial Superoxide Formation
Authors: Müller Lars , Hoof Santina , Keck Matthias , Herwig Christian , Limberg Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe design of biomimetic model complexes for the cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) and cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO) is reported, where the 3‐His coordination of the iron ion is simulated by three pyrazole donors of a trispyrazolyl borate ligand (Tp) and protected cysteine and cysteamine represent substrate ligands. It is found that the replacement of phenyl groups—attached at the 3‐positions of the pyrazole units in a previous model—by mesityl residues has massive consequences, as the latter arrange to a more spacious reaction pocket. Thus, the reaction with O2 proceeds much faster and afterwards the first structural characterization of an iron(II) η2‐O,O‐sulfinate product became possible. If one of the three Tp‐mesityl groups is placed in the 5‐position, an even larger reaction pocket results, which leads to yet faster rates and accumulation of a reaction intermediate at low temperatures, as shown by UV/Vis and Mössbauer spectroscopy. After comparison with the results of investigations on the cobalt analogues this intermediate is tentatively assigned to an iron(III) superoxide species.
Specific Reactions of RSNO, HSNO, and HNO and Their Applications in the Design of Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Wang Yingying , Xu Shi , Xian Ming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO)‐derived species play essential roles in regulating cellular responses. Among these species, S‐nitrosothiols (including RSNO and HSNO) and nitroxyl (HNO) are especially interesting. Owing to their high reactivity and short survival time, the detection of these molecules in biological settings can be challenging. In this regard, much effort has been invested in exploring novel reactions of RSNO/HSNO/HNO and applying these reactions to develop fluorescence probes. Herein, reported specific reactions of RSNO/HSNO/HNO are summarized and strategies used in the design of fluorescent probes are illustrated. The properties and potential problems of representative probes are also discussed.
Evaluating the Viability of Successive Ring‐Expansions Based on Amino Acid and Hydroxyacid Side‐Chain Insertion
Authors: Lawer Aggie , Epton Ryan G. , Stephens Thomas C. , Palate Kleopas Y. , Lodi Mahendar , Marotte Emilie , Lamb Katie J. , Sangha Jade K. , Lynam Jason M. , Unsworth William P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe outcome of ring‐expansion reactions based on amino/hydroxyacid side‐chain insertion is strongly dependent on ring size. This manuscript, which builds upon our previous work on Successive Ring Expansion (SuRE) methods, details efforts to better define the scope and limitations of these reactions on lactam and β‐ketoester ring systems with respect to ring size and additional functionality. The synthetic results provide clear guidelines as to which substrate classes are more likely to be successful and are supported by computational results, using a density functional theory (DFT) approach. Calculating the relative Gibbs free energies of the three isomeric species that are formed reversibly during ring expansion enables the viability of new synthetic reactions to be correctly predicted in most cases. The new synthetic and computational results are expected to support the design of new lactam‐ and β‐ketoester‐based ring‐expansion reactions.
Statin use in patients with non‐HMGCR idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: A retrospective study
Authors: Bae Sangmee Sharon , Oganesian Buzand , Golub Ilana , Charles‐Schoeman Christina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundStatins are the most widely used lipid lowering therapies which reduce cardiovascular risk, but are associated with muscular adverse events (AEs). Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are autoimmune diseases of the muscle with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. More data is needed regarding statin safety in patients with intrinsic muscle disease such as IIM.HypothesisStatins are tolerated in patients with IIM without leading to significant increase in muscular AEs.MethodsStatin use was retrospectively examined in a longitudinal IIM cohort. Safety analysis included assessment of muscular and nonmuscular AEs by chart review. IIM patients receiving a statin during the cohort follow‐up period were matched to IIM patients not receiving a statin for comparative analysis of longitudinal outcomes.Results33/214 patients had a history of statin use. 63% started for primary prevention, while others were started for clinical ASCVD events, vascular surgery, IIM related heart failure, and cardiac transplantation. A high intensity statin was used in nine patients with non‐HMGCR myositis, and tolerated in 8/9 patients. Statin related muscular AE was noted in three patients. There were no cases of rhabdomyolysis, or statin related nonmuscular AEs in a median observation period of 5 years. In patients newly started on statins during cohort follow‐up (n = 7) there was no change in disease activity after statin initiation. Long term outcomes were not different between statin and nonstatin IIM control groups.ConclusionStatins were well tolerated in patients with non‐HMGCR positive IIM. Given the accelerated atherosclerotic risk in IIM patients, further prospective studies of statin safety in IIM patients are warranted.
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of a Single Dose of Emicizumab in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Li Haiyan , Zhang Weijiang , Petry Claire , Li Lindong , Fernandez Elena , Kiialainen Anna , Feng Sheng , Hsu Wanling , Li Li , Wei Yudong , Schmitt Christophe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis phase 1, open‐label, single‐center study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of single‐dose emicizumab in healthy Chinese males. Overall, 16 subjects received a single subcutaneous dose of 1‐mg/kg emicizumab. Blood samples were obtained before dosing on day 1 and at regular intervals over 16 weeks after dosing for PK evaluation. A single 1‐mg/kg subcutaneous dose of emicizumab was safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese male subjects in the study. Mean (± standard deviation) area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity and maximum concentration were 287 ± 74.2 μg⋅d/mL and 7.11 ± 1.77 μg/mL, respectively, with a terminal half‐life of 26.7 (±4.3) days. Emicizumab administration did not show significant impact on pharmacodynamic markers tested, which mostly remained stable throughout the study. One subject tested positive for antidrug antibody, with no impact on his PK or safety profile. Compared with results from healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects receiving the same dose in previous clinical trials, the current results further indicated the absence of difference of emicizumab PK profile across Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian subjects, validating the use of similar therapeutic doses in Asian and non‐Asian populations.
Genomic prediction for broad and specific adaptation in sorghum accommodating differential variances of SNP effects
Authors: Velazco Julio G. , Jordan David R. , Hunt Colleen H. , Mace Emma S. , van Eeuwijk Fred A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper reports a first study exploring genomic prediction for adaptation of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] to drought‐stress (D‐ET) and nonstress (W‐ET) environment types. The objective was to evaluate the impact of both modeling genotype × environment interaction (G×E) and accounting for heterogeneous variances of marker effects on genomic prediction of parental breeding values for grain yield within and across environment types (ETs). For this aim, different genetic covariance structures and different weights for individual markers were investigated in best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP)‐based prediction models. The BLUP models used a kinship matrix combining pedigree and genomic information, termed K‐BLUP. The dataset comprised testcross yield performances under D‐ET and W‐ET as well as pedigree and genomic data. In general, modeling G×E increased predictive ability and reduced empirical bias of genomic predictions for broad adaptation across both ETs vs. models that ignored G×E by fitting a main genetic effect only. Genomic predictions for specific adaptation to D‐ET or W‐ET were also improved by K‐BLUP models that explicitly accommodated G×E and used data from both ETs relative to prediction models that used data from the targeted ET exclusively or models that used all the data but assumed no G×E. Allowing for heterogeneous marker variances through weighted K‐BLUP produced clear increments (43–72%) in predictive ability of genomic prediction for grain yield in all adaptation scenarios. We conclude that G×E as well as locus‐specific genetic variances should be accommodated in genomic prediction models to improve adaptability of sorghum to variable environmental conditions.
Squash cytology of a case of medulloblastoma with myogenic differentiation
Authors: Bhattacharya Trishita , Bansal Neha , De Sayantan , Chatterjee Uttara , Mallick Mamata Guha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMedulloblastoma with myogenic differentiation is not a distinct entity but a pattern of differentiation seen in <1% of medulloblastomas. Although squash cytology of medulloblastoma is well described, there are no reports available describing squash cytomorphology of this unusual variant of medulloblastoma. Intraoperative squash smears on a 2‐year‐old girl with a midline posterior fossa space occupying lesion revealed features of an embryonal tumor composed of small, round, and blue cells. In addition, it had several large, round, eosinophilic rhabomyoblasts, and a few strap cells scattered among the sea of small blue cells. Subsequent histology showed features of a medulloblastoma, classic type with myogenic differentiation. Molecular subtyping, based on immunohistochemistry alone, was in keeping with a non‐Wnt/non‐SHH activated type. Here we describe the squash cytomorphological details of a case of medulloblastoma with myogenic differentiation, along with its cytological differentials.
Population size estimates based on the frequency of genetically assigned parent–offspring pairs within a subsample
Authors: Müller Björn , Mercker Moritz , Brün Jörg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEstimating population density as precise as possible is a key premise for managing wild animal species. This can be a challenging task if the species in question is elusive or, due to high quantities, hard to count. We present a new, mathematically derived estimator for population size, where the estimation is based solely on the frequency of genetically assigned parent–offspring pairs within a subsample of an ungulate population. By use of molecular markers like microsatellites, the number of these parent–offspring pairs can be determined. The study's aim was to clarify whether a classical capture–mark–recapture (CMR) method can be adapted or extended by this genetic element to a genetic‐based capture–mark–recapture (g‐CMR). We numerically validate the presented estimator (and corresponding variance estimates) and provide the R‐code for the computation of estimates of population size including confidence intervals. The presented method provides a new framework to precisely estimate population size based on the genetic analysis of a one‐time subsample. This is especially of value where traditional CMR methods or other DNA‐based (fecal or hair) capture–recapture methods fail or are too difficult to apply. The DNA source used is basically irrelevant, but in the present case the sampling of an annual hunting bag is to serve as data basis. In addition to the high quality of muscle tissue samples, hunting bags provide additional and essential information for wildlife management practices, such as age, weight, or sex. In cases where ag‐CMR method is ecologically and hunting‐wise appropriate, it enables a wide applicability, also through its species‐independent use.