bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted imaging of esophageal adenocarcinoma with a near-infrared fluorescent peptide
Authors: Kang Xiaoyu , Li Meng , Liu Lei , Liu Shaopeng , Hu Hao , Zhang Rui , Ning Siming , Tian Zuhong , Pan Yanglin , Guo Xuegang , Wu Kaichun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Targeted optical imaging offers a noninvasive and accurate method for the early detection of gastrointestinal tumors, especially for flat appearances. In our previous study, a sequence of SNFYMPL (SNF) was identified as a specific peptide to bind to esophageal carcinoma using phage-display technology. This study aimed to evaluate the tumor-targeting efficacy of Cy5.5-conjugated SNF probe for imaging of esophageal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.Methods: The SNF-Cy5.5 probe was synthesized and then identified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). Confocal fluorescence imaging and Flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate the binding specificity and the receptor binding affinity of SNF-Cy5.5 to OE33. In vivo imaging was performed to evaluate the targeting ability of SNF-Cy5.5 to esophageal carcinoma.Results：The confocal imaging and flow cytometry analysis showed that SNF-Cy5.5 bound specifically to the plasma membrane of OE33 cells with a high affinity. In vivo, for non-block group, SNF-Cy5.5 probe exhibited rapid OE33 tumor targeting during 24 h p.i. and excellent tumor-to-background contrast at 2 h p.i. For the block group, SNF-Cy5.5 was not observed in the mice after 4h p.i. Ex vivo imaging also revealed that a higher fluorescent signal intensity value of the tumors was clearly observed in the non-block group than that in the block group (2.6 ± 0.32× 109 vs 0.8 ± 0.08× 109, p < 0.05).Conclusions: SNF -Cy5.5 was synthesized and characterized with a high efficiency and purity. The higher affinity, specificity, and tumor targeting efficacy of SNF-Cy5.5 were confirmed by in vitro and in vivo tests. SNF-Cy5.5 is a promising optical probe for the imaging of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Association of refugees’ knowledge of mental illness and their attitudes towards mental illness
Authors: Jung Sungwon , Kim Eun-Jung 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the level of mental health knowledge of defectors and to investigate the effect of sociodemographic characteristics and mental health knowledge level on mental health attitudes. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 150 people, and analyzed the data of 138 people. The t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze differences according to demographic characteristics. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to measure the effect of mental illness knowledge on attitudes toward mental illness. The positive correlations between the mental health attitudes of North Korean defectors and the knowledge level were significant, and the knowledge level between final academic achievement in South Korea and the entry year into South Korea was also significant. The higher the knowledge of mental health, the more generous the minds of the mentally illness because they know better about it, and they have negative thoughts about regulating their lives.
The interaction between dietary Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) and variant of Cocaine and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Prepropeptide (CARTPT) 5q13-14 - rs2239670 locus on hypothalamic-pituitary axis hormones and metabolic risk factors in obese individuals
Authors: Khodarahmi Mahdieh , Farhangi Mahdieh , Niknam Mahdi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies have illustrated that polymorphisms of Cocaine and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Prepropeptide gene (CARTPT) may affect obesity outcomes. However, no study has investigated the CARTPT gene-diet interactions in term of antioxidant potential of diet. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions between CARTPT gene and dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity on hypothalamic- pituitary axis hormones and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Method and Material: In the present cross-sectional study, 288 apparently healthy obese adults aged 20-50 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 30-40 kg/m2 completed the study. Dietary assessment was performed by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and antioxidant capacity of diet was estimated by calculating the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The CARTPT rs2239670 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) technique. Results: There was a significant interaction between CARTPT rs2239670 and dietary ORAC on BMI (Pinteraction = 0.048) and fat mass percent (FM%) (Pinteraction = 0.008); in A allele carriers, higher adherence to the dietary ORAC was related to lower level of BMI and FM%. As well as, the significant interactions were observed between FRAP index and rs2239670 in relation to HOMA (P interaction = 0.049) and QUICKI (P interaction = 0.048). Moreover, there were significant interactions of rs2239670 with TRAP (Pinteraction = 0.029) and TEAC (Pinteraction = 0.034) on the serum glucose level; individuals with AG genotype were more respondent to higher intake of TRAP. Conclusion: The present study indicated the interactions between CARTPT genotypes and dietary NEAC on obesity and its-related metabolic parameters. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Blended teaching practices for active learning in higher pharmacy education
Authors: liu wenyuan , Gao Xinzhu , Han Lingfei , Liu Jing , Feng Feng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background : Active learning practices improve student achievement on average in college. Blended adoption of some form of research-based teaching methods for active learning at the tertiary level is rapidly expanding. Nevertheless, there have been few studies to date on the effects of detailed factors such as the blending ratio of the teaching components, impacts of learning resources and formative evaluation methods. The aim of this study was to develop a blended teaching strategy by incorporating methods of team-based learning (TBL) and e-learning into a Pharmaceutical Analysis course for student active learning, and to explore how the practice impacts student learning outcomes. Methods: Two blended teaching programs with different blending ratios of TBL and e-learning methods were developed and compared in this study. Students from four experimental classes enrolled in different majors were recruited. Student outcomes related to active learning goals, such as achievement, logic development or sense of accountability at the tertiary level, were analyzed and evaluated using a formative evaluation method. A survey administered after the study was completed by each student. Results: Student e-learning performance was positively correlated with the final scores, suggesting that exercises and tests provided by the e-learning platform made a positive contribution to student knowledge achievement. On surveys a large majority of students reported that working on instructor-posed questions in a TBL setting improved their higher-order cognitive skills, social cohesion and, through that, feelings of accountability. Final scores showed significant differences among students from different majors, which implied that the effectiveness of active learning depends on the characteristics of students and their activities outside of class. Conclusions: The blended teaching strategy developed in this study was effective in improving student achievement in either formative or summative assessments, which provides an accessible and informative entry point for im­plementing active learning in higher pharmacy education.
An injectable refrigerated hydrogel for Inducing local hypothermia and neuroprotection against traumatic brain injury
Authors: Han yuhan , Han ZhengZhong , Huang Xuyang , Qian Feng , Jia Jun , Zhang Deyun , Zhang Long , Zhao Gang , Li Shanshan , Jin Guoliang , yu rutong , Liu Hongmei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hypothermia is a promising therapy for Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the clinic. However, the neuroprotective outcomes of hypothermia-treated TBI are not consistent in clinical studies due to several severe side effects. Here, an injectable refrigerated hydrogel is designed to deliver 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) to achieve a longer period of local hypothermia for TBI treatment. The hydrogel has four advantages: (1) It can be injected into injured site after TBI, where it forms a hydrogel and avoids the side effects of whole-body cooling. (2) The hydrogel can biodegrade and be used for controlled drug release. (3) Released T1AM can bind to trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) to produce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which induces hypothermia. (4) This hydrogel has an increased medical value due to its simple operation and ability to achieve timely treatment. This hydrogel is able to cool the brain to 30.25 ± 2.25 °C for 12 hours while maintaining the body temperature at 36.80 ± 1.75 °C after TBI. More importantly, the hypothermia induced by this hydrogel leads to the maintenance of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, the prevention of cell death, the reduction of the inflammatory response and brain edema, and the promotion of functional recovery after TBI. This cooling method can potentially be developed as a new approach for hypothermia treatment in TBI.
Seizure in HIV-Infected Patients: Clinical Presentation, Cause and Treatment Outcome in Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Amare Amanuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The estimated number of adult patients living with HIV infection in Ethiopia in 2012 was approximately 800,000. Seizure occurs in 2 to 3 % and 6.1 % to 34.3% in patients with HIV infection and patients with neurological complications of HIV infection, respectively. Studies on HIV infection and seizure are rare in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical presentation, cause and treatment outcome of patients with HIV infection presented with seizure. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients aged ≥ 13 years with HIV infection presented with seizure were included. Medical records were reviewed and demographic and clinical data were collected.Results: Records of 146 patients were analysed. Males were 55.5% and the mean age was 34 years. The diagnosis of HIV infection was made after current hospital admission in 69% of patients. Almost all patients (98.6 %) had stage 4 HIV infection with very low CD4 count (mean = 77/mm3). In almost all patients seizure was a recent onset at current admission; either it started after admission (42.5%) or within 3 months prior to admission (52.5%). The types of seizures were: generalized tonic-clonic seizure [GTCS] (69.2%), focal motor with secondarily generalization [FMWSG] (19.9%) and simple focal motor (11%). The common causes of seizure were: cerebral toxoplasmosis (46%), tuberculous meningitis (35.6%) and cryptococcal meningitis (13.7%). Case-fatality was 53% and predictors of mortality were: seizure started after admission, change in mentation and comatose at initial evaluation. Conclusions: Most patients had stage 4 HIV infection with very low CD4 count and a recent onset seizure which started within 3 months at initial evaluation. GTCS was the commonest seizure type and most causes of seizure were central nervous system opportunistic infections. The case-fatality was high and change in sensorium was an independent predictor of mortality. To prevent the high mortality and morbidity prevention of HIV infection, early diagnosis and treatment, improving diagnostic facilities and access to non-enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs are recommended.
Association of Preadmission Metformin Exposure and Outcomes in Acute Kidney Injury Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Intensive Care Unit: a Cohort Study
Authors: Yang Qilin , Zheng Jiezhao , Wen Deliang , Chen Xiaohua , Chen Weiyan , Chen Weixiao , Xiong Xuming , Zhang Zhenhui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in more than half of ICU patients. The effective prevention and therapies strategy of AKI remains limited. This study is to assess AKI mortality among diabetes patients with or without preadmission prescriptions for metformin. Methods: We included AKI patients with type 2 diabetes in Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database. 30-day mortality, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and length of stay (LOS) in the hospital were compared between those with and without preoperative prescriptions. The statistical approaches included multivariate regression, propensity score analysis and an inverse probability‑weighting model to ensure the robustness of our findings. Results: In total, 4328 AKI patients with type 2 diabetes (998 in preadmission metformin usage group and 3330 in no preadmission metformin usage) were included in the analysis. The overall 30-day mortality was 14.2% (613/4328). There was 15.7% (523/3330) and 9.0% (90/998) of 30-day mortality in no preadmission metformin usage and preadmission metformin usage group, respectively. In the main analysis, preadmission metformin usage was associated with a 37% lower of 30-day mortality (HR=0.63,95% CI:0.50-0.80, p<0.0001) in inverse probability‑weighting model. Conclusions: This cohort study suggested that preadmission metformin usage may be associated with reduced risk-adjusted mortality in AKI patients with type 2 diabetes. Further randomized controlled trials are needed.
Construction of Evaluation Index System of General Practice Graduates' Competence
Authors: Zhao Rui , Liu Feng , Zhu Kun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective To construct the evaluation index system of general medical graduates' competence，provide the basis for improving the comprehensive quality of general medical graduates and promoting the further reform and optimization of the training program of general medical talents in colleges.Methods Two rounds of expert consultation by Delphi method were used to determine the evaluation index system of general practice graduates' competence. AHP was used to calculate the weights of all levels of indicators.Result The evaluation index system of general practice graduates' competence is constructed with 3 primary factors, 9 secondary factors and 32 tertiary factors. Delphi results showed that the positive coefficient of experts was 1 and the authority coefficient was 0.858. Index system weight results showed that the weights of knowledge, skill and quality were 0.1532、0.4207 and 0. 4261 respectively. Among the second-level factors, the top three weight coefficients were professional ethics (0.2614), community practice(0.1526) and communication skills (0.1308).Conclusion This study constructed the evaluation index system of general practice graduates' competence, which can be used as the basis to evaluate the ability of general practice graduates and provide guidance for the cultivation and evaluation of general practice talents.
The Genome Sequence of Brucella abortus Vaccine Strain A19 Provides Insights on its Virulence Attenuation Compared to Brucella Abortus Strain 9-941
Authors: wang shuyi , Zhao Xueliang , Bateer HUHE , Sun Ke , Wang Wenlong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is a widespread disease that affects animals and humans. The live attenuated Brucella abortus A19 strain is used for vaccination against brucellosis in China. In addition, the main mechanisms supporting the residual toxicity of A19 have not been elucidated. Here, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of the genome-wide sequence of A19 against the whole genome sequences of the published virulent reference strain 9-941. The primary objective of this study was to identify candidate virulence genes by systematically comparing the genomic sequences between the two genomes. Results: This analysis revealed two deletion regions in the A19 genome, in which all included large fragments of 63 bp, and one of their gene function is related to ABC transporter permease protein. In addition, we have identified minor mutations in important virulence-related genes that can be used to determine the underlying mechanisms of virulence attenuation. The function of its virulence gene covers LysR family transcriptional regulator, outer membrane, MFS transporter and oxidoreductase etc. At the same time, a PCR differential diagnosis method was constructed, which can distinguish A19, S19 and most other commonly used Brucella viruent strains and vaccine strains. Conclusion: The data may help to provide resources for further detailed analysis of mechanisms for other Brucella vaccines. It laid the foundation for further distinguishing between vaccine immunity and virulent strains infection.
HA-MOP knockin mice express the canonical µ-opioid receptor but lack detectable splice variants
Authors: Fritzwanker Sebastian , Mouledous Lionel , Mollereau Catherine , Froment Carine , BURLET-SCHILTZ Odile , Reinscheid Rainer , Schulz Stefan , Kliewer Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are notoriously difficult to detect in native tissues. In an effort to resolve this problem, we have developed a novel mouse model by fusing the hemagglutinin (HA)-epitope tag sequence to the amino-terminus of the µ-opioid receptor (MOP). This approach allows for highly efficient immunodetection of low abundant GPCR targets. We also show that the HA-tag facilitates both high-resolution imaging and immunoisolation of MOP. Mass spectrometry (MS) confirmed post-translational modifications, most notably agonist-selective phosphorylation of carboxyl-terminal serine and threonine residues. MS also unequivocally identified the carboxyl-terminal 387LENLEAETAPLP398 motif, which is part of the canonical MOP sequence. Unexpectedly, MS analysis of brain lysates failed to detect any of the 15 MOP isoforms that have been proposed to arise from alternative splicing of the MOP carboxyl-terminus. For quantitative analysis, we performed multiple successive rounds of immunodepletion using the well-characterized rabbit monoclonal antibody UMB-3 that selectively detects the 387LENLEAETAPLP398 motif. We found that >98% of HA-tagged MOP contain the UMB-3 epitope indicating that virtually all µ-opioid receptors expressed in the mouse brain exhibit the canonical amino acid sequence.
The Use of Story-Telling as an Assessment Task in Optics: A Collaborative Learning Approach in Optometry Education
Authors: B.Optom Faran Sabeti , Optom Myra Leung B. , Optom Nicola Anstice B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Collaborative learning utilising storytelling is an active learning strategy that has not been investigated in optometry education. We examined the relationship between academic performance and this learning style to determine if this assessment type can improve student engagement and academic outcomes in ophthalmic optics.Methods: A student-centered learning assessment was applied to one cohort of students (n=37) enrolled in the first year ophthalmic optics course of the optometry program at the University of Canberra, Australia. Students were randomly paired and asked to utilise cooperative storytelling to create a visually engaging presentation about a randomly assigned optical principle for elementary school aged children. A comparative cohort of first year optics students received a passive learning written assignment (n=30). Results: Mean percentage change in academic performance following the assignment, was significantly greater in the cooperative storytelling versus the passive learning group (+13.0 ± 5.8%, p = 0.03; +3.0 ± 5.0%, p = 0.55). Students who performed lower academically, identified as the lowest quartile pre-assignment, showed a significantly greater increase in scores from baseline for the cooperative storytelling group (+18.6%, p < 0.01) relative to the passive learning group (-6.4%, p = 0.42). Most students judged that the cooperative storytelling activity increased peer interaction (65%) and that it assisted in their preparation for the follow-up written assessments (89%).Conclusion: Assessment strategies that encourage collaborative storytelling increased student engagement in the optometry course, which may deepen comprehension and lead to improvements in academic performance and student experience.
iTRAQ-based Proteomic Analysis of a Chlorophyll-Deficient Mutant Caused by Single Base Change in RPS4 of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis)
Authors: Tang Xiaoyan , Shi Fengyan , Wang Yiheng , Huang Shengnan , Zhao Ying , Feng Hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Plastids are important plant-cell organelles containing a genome and bacterial-type 70S ribosomes—primarily composed of plastid ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNAs. In this study, a chlorophyll-deficient mutant (cdm) obtained from double-haploid Chinese cabbage ‘FT’ was identified as a plastome mutant with an A-to-C base substitution in the plastid gene encoding the ribosomal protein RPS4. To further elucidate the function and regulatory mechanisms of RPS4, a comparative proteomic analysis was conducted between cdm and ‘FT’ plants using isobaric tags and a relative and absolute quantitation by (iTRAQ)-based strategy.Results: A total of 6,245 proteins were identified, 540 of which were differentially expressed (DEPs) in the leaves of cdm as compared to those of ‘FT’—including 233 upregulated and 307 downregulated proteins. Upregulated DEPs were mainly involved in translation, organic nitrogen synthesis, ribosomes, and spliceosomes. Meanwhile, downregulated DEPs were mainly involved in photosynthesis, photosynthetic reaction centres, photosynthetic light harvesting, carbon fixation, and chlorophyll binding. Our findings indicate an important role of RPS4 in the regulation of growth and development of Chinese cabbage, possibly by regulating plastid translation activity by affecting the expression of specific photosynthesis- and cold stress-related proteins. Moreover, a multiple reaction monitoring test and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed our iTRAQ results.Conclusions: Quantitative proteomic analysis allowed us to confirm diverse changes in the metabolic pathways between cdm and ‘FT’ plants. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that DEPs were significantly associated with photosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, carbon metabolism, RNA transport, glucosinolate biosynthesis, and gene splicing. This work provides new insights into the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in Chinese cabbage.