bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seven-Year Follow-Up of Screening for Hypertension and Diabetes at a Dental Clinic
Authors: Friman Göran 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To describe the distribution of risk, diagnosis and pharmacological treatments for diabetes and hypertension after seven years among patients provided with opportunistic medical screening in a dental setting.

Material and Methods: The initial screening’s 170 participants were asked to take part in a seven-year follow-up study. Data were collected through self-reported information in a written health declaration. Outcome measures:

•	Number of study participants who had passed away

•	Prescription of antidiabetics or antihypertensives

•	Changes in weight and height to calculate body mass index (BMI)

Results: The follow-up study consisted of 151 participants. Twenty had passed away. The risk needs for medicating with antihypertensive drugs after seven years for those not receiving pharmacological treatment at the initial screening was 3.7 times greater (p=0.025 CI 1.2-11.3) for participants with a diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90 mm Hg (85 for diabetics) than for the others. The risk was 3.9 times greater (p=0.020 CI 1.2-12.6) for those with a systolic BP of 140-159 mm Hg and 54.2 times greater (p<0.0001 CI 9.8-300.3) for those with a systolic BP ≥ 160 mm Hg than for those with a systolic BP 140 mm Hg. There were no changes in BMI.

Conclusion: At least one in ten cases of incorrect medication or undiagnosed hypertension may be identifiable through opportunistic medical screening
Black Hole Spin Measurement Based on Time-domain VLBI Observations of Infalling Gas Clouds
Authors: Moriyama Kotaro , Mineshige Shin , Honma Mareki , Akiyama Kazunori 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The black hole spacetime is described by general relativity and characterized by two quantities: the black hole mass and spin. Black hole spin measurement requires information from the vicinity of the event horizon, which is spatially resolved for the Galactic center Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) and the nearby radio galaxy M87 by means of very long baseline interferometry observations with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). In this paper, we simulate EHT observations for a gas cloud intermittently falling onto a black hole and construct a method for spin measurement based on its relativistic flux variation. The light curve of the infalling gas cloud is composed of peaks formed by photons which directly reach a distant observer and by secondary ones reaching the observer after more than one rotation around the black hole. The time interval between the peaks is determined by a period of photon rotation near the photon circular orbit which uniquely depends on the spin. We perform synthetic EHT observations for Sgr A* under the more realistic situation where a number of gas clouds intermittently fall toward the black hole with various initial parameters. Even for this case, the black hole spin dependence is detectable in correlated flux densities which are accurately calibrated by baselines between sites with redundant stations. The synthetic observations indicate that our methodology can be applied to EHT observations of Sgr A* from 2017 April.
The 3D Structure of CO Depletion in High-mass Prestellar Regions
Authors: Bovino S. , Ferrada-Chamorro S. , Lupi A. , Sabatini G. , Giannetti A. , Schleicher D. R. G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Disentangling the different stages of the star formation process, in particular in the high-mass regime, is a challenge in astrophysics. Chemical clocks could help alleviate this problem, but their evolution strongly depends on many parameters, leading to degeneracy in the interpretation of the observational data. One of these uncertainties is the degree of CO depletion. We present here the first self-consistent magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of high-mass, star-forming regions at different scales, fully coupled with a nonequilibrium chemical network, which includes C–N–O bearing molecules. Depletion and desorption processes are treated time dependently. The results show that full CO depletion (i.e., all gas-phase CO frozen-out on the surface of dust grains) can be reached very quickly, in one-third or even smaller fractions of the freefall time, whether the collapse proceeds on slow or fast timescales. This leads to a high level of deuteration in a short time, both for typical tracers like N2H+, as well as for the main ion

H

3

+

, the latter being in general larger and more extended. N2 depletion is slightly less efficient, and no direct effects on N-bearing molecules and deuterium fractionation are observed. We show that CO depletion is not the only driver of deuteration, and that there is a strong impact on D
frac when changing the grain size. We finally apply a two-dimensional Gaussian point-spread function to our results to mimic observations with single-dish and interferometers. Our findings suggest that the low-values observed in high-mass star-forming clumps are in reality masking a full-depletion stage in the inner 0.1 pc region.
The Spectral Evolution of AT 2018dyb and the Presence of Metal Lines in Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Leloudas Giorgos , Dai Lixin , Arcavi Iair , Vreeswijk Paul M. , Mockler Brenna , Roy Rupak , Malesani Daniele B. , Schulze Steve , Wevers Thomas , Fraser Morgan , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Auchettl Katie , Burke Jamison , Cannizzaro Giacomo , Charalampopoulos Panos , Chen Ting-Wan , Cikota Aleksandar , Della Valle Massimo , Galbany Lluis , Gromadzki Mariusz , Heintz Kasper E. , Hiramatsu Daichi , Jonker Peter G. , Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Zuzanna , Maguire Kate , Mandel Ilya , Nicholl Matt , Onori Francesca , Roth Nathaniel , Smartt Stephen J. , Wyrzykowski Lukasz , Young Dave R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present light curves and spectra of the tidal disruption event (TDE) ASASSN-18pg/AT 2018dyb spanning a period of one year. The event shows a plethora of strong emission lines, including the Balmer series, He ii, He i, and metal lines of O iii
λ3760 and N iii
λλ4100, 4640 (blended with He ii). The latter lines are consistent with originating from the Bowen fluorescence mechanism. By analyzing literature spectra of past events, we conclude that these lines are common in TDEs. The spectral diversity of optical TDEs is thus larger than previously thought and includes N-rich events besides H- and He-rich events. We study how the spectral lines evolve with time, by means of their width, relative strength, and velocity offsets. The velocity width of the lines starts at ∼13,000 km s−1 and decreases with time. The ratio of He ii to N iii increases with time. The same is true for ASASSN-14li, which has a very similar spectrum to AT 2018dyb but its lines are narrower by a factor of >2. We estimate a black hole mass of M
BH =

3.3

−
2.0

+
5.0

×

10

6

M
⊙ by using the M–σ relation. This is consistent with the black hole mass derived using the MOSFiT transient fitting code. The detection of strong Bowen lines in the optical spectrum is an indirect proof for extreme ultraviolet and (reprocessed) X-ray radiation and favors an accretion origin for the TDE optical luminosity. A model where photons escape after multiple scatterings through a super-Eddington thick disk and its optically thick wind, viewed at an angle close to the disk plane, is consistent with the observations.
Imaging the Sun's Far-side Active Regions by Applying Multiple Measurement Schemes on Multiskip Acoustic Waves
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Hing Dominick , Chen Ruizhu , Webber Shea Hess 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Being able to image active regions (ARs) on the Sun’s far side is useful for modeling the global-scale magnetic field around the Sun and for predicting the arrival of major ARs that rotate around the limb onto the near side. Helioseismic methods have already been developed to image the Sun’s far-side ARs using near-side high-cadence Doppler-velocity observations; however, the existing methods primarily explore the 3-, 4-, and 5-skip helioseismic waves, leaving room for further improvement in the imaging quality by including waves with more multiskip waves. Taking advantage of the fact that 6-skip waves have the same target-annuli geometry as 3- and 4-skip waves and that 8-skip waves have the same target-annuli geometry as 4-skip waves, we further develop a time–distance helioseismic code to include a total of 14 sets of measurement schemes. We then apply the new code on the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager observed Dopplergrams and find that the new code provides substantial improvements over the existing codes in mapping newly emerged ARs and ARs near both far-side limbs. Comparing 3 months of far-side helioseismic images with the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory/Extreme UltraViolet Imager observed 304 Å images, we find that 97.3% of the helioseismically detected far-side ARs that are larger than a certain size correspond to an observed region with strong EUV brightening. The high reliability of the new imaging tool will potentially allow us to further calibrate the far-side helioseismic images into maps of magnetic flux.
On the Origin of Solar Torsional Oscillations and Extended Solar Cycle
Authors: Pipin V. V. , Kosovichev A. G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a nonlinear mean-field model of the solar interior dynamics and dynamo, which reproduces the observed cyclic variations of the global magnetic field of the Sun, as well as the differential rotation and meridional circulation. Using this model, we explain, for the first time, the extended 22 yr pattern of the solar torsional oscillations, observed as propagation of zonal variations of the angular velocity from high latitudes to the equator during the time equal to the full dynamo cycle. In the literature, this effect is usually attributed to the so-called “extended solar cycle.” In agreement with the commonly accepted idea, our model shows that the torsional oscillations can be driven by a combination of magnetic field effects acting on turbulent angular momentum transport and the large-scale Lorentz force. We find that the 22 yr pattern of the torsional oscillations can result from a combined effect of an overlap of subsequent magnetic cycles and magnetic quenching of the convective heat transport. The latter effect results in cyclic variations of the meridional circulation in the sunspot formation zone, in agreement with helioseismology results. The variations of the meridional circulation, together with other drivers of the torsional oscillations, maintain their migration to the equator during the 22 yr magnetic cycle, resulting in the observed extended pattern of the torsional oscillations.
Soins communautaires et pratiques en réseau pour des usagers psychotiques : le cas de l’« Open dialogue » dans le cadre d’un centre de jour à Athènes
Authors: Stylianidis Stelios 
Published: December 2019

Le modèle et la pratique d’« open dialogue » ont émergé en Finlande pour soigner dans la communauté des patients présentant des troubles psychotiques graves. C’est un espace dialogique de travail en réseau inspiré du modèle systémique de thérapie familiale qui implique les usagers, la famille, le réseau de soutien et les professionnels de santé mentale. Dans cet article, nous présentons la mise en place de ce modèle dans le cadre du Centre de jour « Franco Basaglia » de l’ ong epapsy à Athénes, les résistances, les écueils et la motivation de l’équipe à créer un lieu psychique-réseau face à une situation clinique de folie à deux extrêmement difficile. Les questions ouvertes émergeant de la négociation entre processus primaire et secondaires et les processus de liaison/déliaison soulignent la nécessité d’une théorisation psychanalytique dans l’application de cette pratique innovante de réseau.
Effective Management of Major Lower Extremity Wounds Using an Acellular Regenerative Tissue Matrix: A Pilot Study
Authors: Brigido Stephen A , Boc Steven F , Lopez Ramon C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Wound healing is a significant problem in orthopedics. Graftjacket tissue matrix (Wright Medical Technology, Ine, Arlington, Tenn), a novel acellular regenerative tissue matrix, has been designed to aid wound closure. A prospective, randomized study was initiated to determine the efficacy of this tissue product in wound repair compared with conventional treatment. Lower extremity wounds are refractile to healing in patients with diabetes mellitus. Therefore, researchers used diabetic foot ulcers to evaluate the efficacy of Graftjacket tissue matrix in wound repair. Only a single administration of the tissue matrix was required. After 1 month of treatment, preliminary results demonstrate that this novel tissue matrix promotes faster healing at a statistically significant rate over conventional treatment. Because wounds in this series of patients are deep and circulation around the wound is poor, the preliminary results suggest that this tissue matrix will be applicable to other types of orthopedic wounds.
Accuracy of the Axillary Projection to Determine Fracture Angulation of the Proximal Humerus
Authors: Simon Jordan A , Puopolo Steven M , Capla Edward L , Egol Kenneth A , Zuckerman Joseph D , Koval Kenneth J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The accuracy of measuring angulation of stable proximal humerus fractures using the axillary lateral projection was investigated. A closing wedge osteotomy with apex anterior angulation was performed on two cadaveric humeri to simulate a stable surgical neck fracture. One specimen was fixed at 30° angulation and the other at 55°. Axillary radiographs were taken with each specimen articulating with the glenoid of a cadaveric scapula. The humerus was held in neutral rotation. Abduction was set at 30°, 60°, and 90°. In each position of abduction, an axillary lateral radiograph was taken in 30° forward flexion, neutral, and 30° extension to simulate various arm positions. A total of nine radiographs were taken for each specimen.
The axillary view is not accurate for measurement of proximal humerus angulation at the arm positions commonly encountered in the trauma setting.
The Process of Seeking Stress-Care: Coping as Experienced by Senior Baccalaureate Nursing Students in Response to Appraised Clinical Stress
Authors: Shipton Sharon P 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
High levels of clinical stress experienced by nursing students continue to be identified in the literature. However, much is still unexplored about the coping processes of nursing students in response to appraised clinical stress. A grounded theory methodological approach was used to acquire a substantive theory of the processes through which senior baccalaureate nursing students manage the demands of the clinical person-environment relationships that are appraised as stressful and the emotions they generate. A theoretical sample of 16 volunteer senior generic nursing students from two baccalaureate nursing programs was determined by saturation of the data. Each participant was interviewed twice. The basic social problem experienced by these senior baccalaureate nursing students was the chaos created in their lives while trying to manage the demands of the appraised clinical stress (i.e., the clinical person-environment relationship). The three-stage process of seeking stress- care, including encountering changing self, loss of self, and regaining managed self, helped the students manage this chaos. Each of the stages related to the processes that transpired within the students as they dealt with the chaos created in their life while trying to manage the demands of appraised clinical stress. Implications include the development of the stress-care construct and innovative instructor interventions in the clinical setting.
Reasons for not Performing LASIK in Refractive Surgery Candidates
Authors: Sharma Namrata , Singhvi Arun , Sinha Rajesh , Vajpayee Rasik B 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze the reasons for which LASIK was rejected in eyes of patients who requested surgical correction of their refractive errors.
METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in which data pertaining to refractive and ocular status of 338 patients who presented for refractive surgery at our LASIK facility between November 2002 and December 2003 were reviewed. The reasons for not performing LASIK in cases that were rejected were also noted.
RESULTS: Among the 338 patients who requested refractive surgery, 223 (66%) underwent LASIK; surgery was not performed in 115 (34%) patients. The most common reason for rejecting LASIK was suboptimal central corneal thickness (55.1%). High myopia >-12.00 diopters (18.4%), keratoconus (9.6%), and hyperopia (5.9%) were other significant reasons.
CONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal corneal thickness combined with a high amount of refractive error was found to be the leading cause of rejection of patients for LASIK in India. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:496-498.]
The Effect of Tear Film on Higher Order Corrections Applied to the Corneal Surface During Wavefront-guided Refractive Surgery
Authors: Campbell Charles 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate whether the property of the surface of a fluid film to smooth irregularities in the underlying surface will cause the tear film to partially erase the effect of higher order corrections ablated onto a corneal surface during wavefront-guided refractive surgical correction.
METHODS: Coating flow theory shows that the film surface initially replicates the underlying surface. An iteration method is given to allow calculations to be made of the tear fluid flow and resulting surface change during the time between blinks. A new experimental technique is introduced using a corneal topographer and live video imaging to observe changes in tear surface curvature as the tear film flows.
RESULTS: Tear flow changes in an eye with a high amount of aberration due to an unsuccessful LASIK procedure are simulated to show that while tear fluid occurs and causes changes in the tear/air surface, the change when expressed in terms of unwanted aberrations is below that which would cause any image degradation. Results of the live video technique on a cornea with an irregular surface 4 days after photorefractive keratectomy show that irregularities in the tear film surface immediately after a blink are not smoothed to any extent in the time before the next blink.
CONCLUSIONS: Tear film flow following initial film formation by a blink can be demonstrated by computer simulation and observed with live corneal topography video. Tear film dynamics will not erase the effects of ablative corrections for higher order aberrations. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:S519-S524.]
Changes in Wavefront Aberration With Pharmaceutical Dilating Agents
Authors: Tuan K Ashley , Somani Seema , Chernyak Dimitri A 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Finding the best way to capture the wavefronts of small pupils for refractive surgery has become a more pressing issue as the general population ages. This study explores whether pharmaceutical dilation impacts wavefront measurement and pupil centroid.
METHODS: Baseline measurements were performed on 32 eyes using the VISX WaveScan Wavefront system. Pupils were dark adapted. One drop of 0.05% tropica mide was placed in each eye, and wavefront measurements were conducted at 10, 20, and 30 minutes. One drop each of 0.5% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine were administered after the measurements. Wavefronts were captured again 30 minutes after the last eye drop. All patients returned for repeated procedures. Wavefront analysis was performed using the same pupillary area as the smallest capture from the same visit. Pupil center shift was taken into account.
RESULTS: Mean patient age was 40?12 years (range: 20 to 59 years). Mean dark-adapted pupil was 6.40?1.17 mm. Pupil centers shifted randomly after pharmacological dilation compared to the dark-adapted condition. Pupil centers of 45% of the population shifted by 5* 0.2 mm. Repeatability coefficients were established for the wavefront measurements. After controlling for pupil diameter and pupil center, total high order aberrations root-mean-square (RMS) had changed significantly in 18% of the population. The diluted tropicamide formula, which caused less dilation effect, also induced less high order aberration RMS change.
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmaceutical dilation agents cause random shifts of the pupil centroid from the dark-adapted pupil condition and could induce changes in wavefront measurements. Caution is required when resorting to dilation to obtain a wavefront measurement of smaller pupils. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:S530-S534.]
Limitations of Correcting Spherical Aberration With Aspheric Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Dietze Holger H , Cox Michael J 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are designed to correct spherical aberration in Pseudophakie eyes. We predict the benefit from correcting spherical aberration based on simulations and aberrometry of Pseudophakie eyes implanted with spherical IOLs.
METHODS: Ray tracing was performed through a model eye with an equi-biconvex spherical IOL and with a spherical aberration-correcting aspheric IOL. The IOLs were increasingly tilted and/or displaced, and the resulting transverse aberrations of 169 rays were transformed into Zernike coefficients for different pupil sizes. The benefit from correcting spherical aberration at individual mesopic pupils was investigated by canceling C? in the sets of Zernike coefficients for 41 eyes implanted with a spherical IOL.
RESULTS: Both the model eye and the real eye data predict that age-related miosis reduces spherical aberration in the eye implanted with a spherical IOL to approximately 1/3 of the spherical aberration at a 6-mm pupil. A reduction of similar magnitude occurs when spherical aberration -induced non-pa raxia I defocus is corrected by a spectacle lens. For natural mesopic pupils, canceling the Zernike C? coefficient improved the objective image quality at a rate similar to changing defocus by 0.05 diopters. Average decentration and tilt levels diminish the lead of aspheric IOLs over spherical IOLs, depending on the direction of decentration.
CONCLUSIONS: The benefit from correcting spherical aberration in a Pseudophakie eye is limited for some or all of the following reasons: wearing glasses, age-related miosis, tilt and decentration of IOL, small contribution of spherical aberration to all aberrations, and intersubject variability. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:S541-S546.]
Modal Reconstruction Methods With Zernike Polynomials
Authors: Schwiegerling Jim 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques for fitting Zernike polynomials to surfaces.
METHODS: Two different methods, Orthogonal Projection and Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, are compared in terms of speed and performance at fitting a complex object.
RESULTS: Orthogonal Projection provides an extremely rapid fitting of a surface, but leaves residual high frequency noise. The Gram-Schmidt technique provides a more accurate fit of the original object, but consumes much more computing time. Orthogonal Projection, and its associated noise, may be tolerated in classifying corneal topography.
CONCLUSIONS: Orthogonal Projection has a distinct advantage in calculation time over other methods for fitting surfaces. This advantage may be exploited in cases where accurate surface fitting is not necessary, but only general features need to be extracted for classification. If fit accuracy is needed, then slower fitting techniques, such as Gram-Schmidt, should be used. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:S552-S557.]