bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Oxaliplatin-Loaded pH-Responsive Hydrogels in Rabbits
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Khan Shujaat Ali , Sohail Muhammad , Mannan Abdul , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Oxaliplatin (OXP), a 3rd generation platinum compound, which causes severe side effects
due to; impulse high concentration in the bloodstream thereby exposing healthy cells at a high ratio, nonspecific
delivery at the target site and non-compliance is administered intravenously.

Objective:
The project was aimed at the development, characterization, and in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of pHresponsive
hydrogels for oral administration of OXP.

Methods:
Hydrogel formulations were synthesized through a free radical polymerization technique followed by
brief characterization using various techniques. The hydrogels were investigated for various in-vitro studies such
as sol-gel, drug loading, swelling, drug release, and MTT-assay. While in-vivo studies such as oral tolerability,
histopathology, and hematology studies were performed on rabbits. A simple and sensitive HPLC-UV method
was optimized and the comparative pharmacokinetic study was performed in rabbits using OXP-oral solution and
OXP-loaded hydrogels.

Results:
In-vitro characterization confirmed that the reactant was successfully crosslinked to form thermally
stable hydrogels with decreased crystallinity and rough surface. Swelling and drug release showed that hydrogels
were more responsive to basic pH (6.8 and 7.4) in comparison with pH 1.2. The blank hydrogels were cytocompatible
as more than 95% of the cells were viable while free OXP and OXP-loaded hydrogels displayed dosedependent
cytotoxic effect. In-vivo studies confirmed that chitosan and gelatin hydrogel suspension was well
tolerable up to 3800 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Hematology and serum chemistry reports
were well within the range suggesting normal liver and kidney functions. Similarly, histopathology slides of
rabbit vital organs were also found normal without causing any histopathological change.

Conclusion:
HPLC-UV method was successfully optimized for OXP detection in oral solution and hydrogels
administered to rabbits. A significant difference was found among various pharmacokinetic parameters by comparing
the two groups including half-life (t1/2), tmax, Cmax, AUCtot MRT, Vz, and Lz.
Preparation of MnOx/CNTs Catalyst by In situ Precipitation Method for Low-Temperature NO Reduction with NH3
Authors: Zhang Yanbing , Chen Yingzan , Huang Jinhe , Ding Mingjie , Li Xiaoyan , Zhao Haipeng 
Published: August 2020

Background:
V2O5–WO3(MoO3)/TiO2 catalyst, as the core of selective catalytic reduction
of NO with NH3 (SCR) has some drawbacks, such as high working temperature window (300-
400°C), toxicity of V-based catalyst and so on. Therefore, the development of the catalyst with better
low temperature denitration activity and weaker toxicity are necessary.

Objective:
The study aimed at the development of highly dispersed MnOx/CNTs catalysts with excellent
denitration activity at 80-180°C, and weaker toxicity of MnOx. It is worth noting that an in-situ
precipitation method based on the reaction of manganese acetate and sodium carbonate, is advantageous
for the in-situ deposition of the active component, and the catalytic activity.

Methods:
MnOx/CNTs catalysts with different Mn/C molar ratios were fabricated by in-situ precipitation
method due to the reaction of manganese acetate and sodium carbonate. The microstructure,
crystalline property, the content of the surface element, valence state, redox property, and catalytic
activity were confirmed by FESEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, TPD, and fixed-bed reactor.

Results:
The as-prepared MnOx/CNTs catalysts exhibited outstanding low temperature SCR activity.
The NO conversion of the optimum 1.2% MnOx/CNTs catalyst reached 57.4-89.2% at 80-180oC,
which resulted from the amorphous MnOx catalysts, having a higher ratio of Mn4+/Mn3+ and
OS/(OS+OL).

Conclusion:
MnOx/CNTs catalysts have been prepared by the in-situ precipitation method based on
the reaction of manganese acetate and sodium carbonate. The resultant MnOx/CNTs catalysts presented
excellent low temperature denitration activity between 80°C and 180°C. Among them, the
1.2% MnOx/CNTs catalyst exhibited the first rate low temperature denitration activity, and the denitration
activity reached 57.4-89.2%, which may be due to the presence of the weakly crystalline or
amorphous MnOx, having higher ratio of Mn4+/Mn3+ and
OS/(OS+OL).
Neuroprotection of Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonism by Ursolic Acid in PD Mouse Model
Authors: Zahra Walia , Rai Sachchida Nand , Birla Hareram , Singh Saumitra Sen , Rathore Aaina Singh , Dilnashin Hagera , Singh Richa , Keswani Chetan , Singh Rakesh K. , Singh Surya Pratap 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is characterized by both motor and non-motor
symptoms. The presynaptic neuronal protein, α-Synuclein, plays a pivotal role in PD pathogenesis and
is associated with both genetic and sporadic origin of the disease. Ursolic Acid (UA) is a well-known
bioactive compound found in various medicinal plants, widely studied for its anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant activities.

Objective:
In this research article, the neuroprotective potential of UA has been further explored in the
Rotenone-induced mouse model of PD.

Methods:
To investigate our hypothesis, we have divided mice into 4 different groups, control, drug
only control, Rotenone-intoxicated group, and Rotenone-intoxicated mice treated with UA. After the
completion of dosing, behavioral parameters were estimated. Then mice from each group were sacrificed
and the brains were isolated. Further, the biochemical tests were assayed to check the balance
between the oxidative stress and endogenous anti-oxidants; and TH (Tyrosine Hydroxylase),
α-Synuclein, Akt (Serine-threonine protein kinase), ERK (Extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and
inflammatory parameters like Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α) were
assessed using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Western blotting was also done to check the expressions
of TH and α-Synuclein. Moreover, the expression levels of PD related genes like α-Synuclein,
β-Synuclein, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) were assessed by using Real-time
PCR.

Results:
The results obtained in our study suggested that UA significantly reduced the overexpression
of α-Synuclein and regulated the phosphorylation of survival-related kinases (Akt and ERK) apart
from alleviating the behavioral abnormalities and protecting the dopaminergic neurons from oxidative
stress and neuroinflammation.

Conclusion:
Thus, our study shows the neuroprotective potential of UA, which can further be explored
for possible clinical intervention.
Design and Simulation of MEMS Accelerometer for the Application of Seismic vibrations
Authors: Rao K. Srinivasa , Vardhan M. Harsha , Uma Mahesh CH. Mani Kanta , Nikhil S. , Kumar P. Ashok , Vasantha K. , Sravani K. Girija 
Published: August 2020

Aim:
Using accelerometer to detect the vibrations produced during earthquake.

Backgorund:
The big challenge facing the Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS) is to accurately detect seismic
tremors at the edge of the early warning system or outside of the earthquake seismic system.[1]. During the last years in
development, early warning earthquake (EEW) has proved to be one of the potential means of disaster reduction.

Objectives:
During the last years in development, early warning earthquake (EEW) has proved to be one of the potential
means of disaster reduction. The EEW network intensity usually determines the efficiency of both the EEW system An
upgraded low-cost Micro Electro Mechanical System MEMS based device called GL-P2B to reduce
sensor costs and establish a dense EEW In the this study, a dense EEW network was also developed to maximize the density
of the seismic network for EEW applications. A tri-axial sensor with high-dynamic MEMS called GL-P2B was developed.
This sensor was upgraded from the previous version by enhancing the CPU's processing capability and correcting
certain errors found during the initial test cycle.

Methodology:
An autonomous sensor with an acceleration sensor is launched in this article First; we systematically
evaluated a series of acceleration sensors to select the most suitable acceleration sensor using mems by analyzing their
quality and accuracy, and then created a dedicated tool that can monitor earthquakes. Our result shows that an earthquake
can be detected with a low-cost acceleration detector, thereby enhancing the safety of vulnerable groups against earthquakes.

Results:
There have been two earthquakes recently: Gyeongju Earthquake in magnitude 5.6 and Pohang South Korea
Earthquake in magnitude 5.4 respectively in 206 and 2017. As a result, earthquake detection and response in a relatively
short period of time was highly demanded. The use of seismic smart phone systems is one solution, but it is expensive to
use a smartphone to track seismic events and to allow participants to use their smartphones as just another seismic detector.
However, because of the existence of smartphones which are used extensively in our everyday lives, a large percentage of
smartphones are useless for earthquakes to be detected. We also built a clever tool in this paper that can be mounted to a
wall or to a ceiling. The system is only fitted with sensors that include an accelerator and the price in comparison to
intelligent telephones is very small.

Conclusion:
In this paper, we have used an appropriate capacitive sensing technology to create the accelerometer. We have
designed and simulated the accelerometer to measure the seismic vibrations by FEM Tool. The simulated results show that
the unit is modelled on a 3Hz resonant frequency and therefore it senses the acceleration between 2 and 8 Hz.
Chemical Composition and Biological Effects of Essential Oils from Some Aromatic and Medicinal Plants
Authors: Yaman Cennet , Sari Yusuf , Atmaca Sevim , Eroglu Zeliha , Kayir Omer , Belguzar Sabriye , Erenler Ramazan 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Natural products play a significant role in the drug discovery process due
to the presence of a large variety of bioactive compounds.

Objective:
The present study aims to isolate the essential oil from Salvia Fruticosa (SF), Lavandula
Intermedia (LI), and Rosmarinus Officinalis (RO) with identification of the chemical composition
of the oils and to investigate the antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial activities.

Methods:
The plant materials were cultivated and supplied from Yalova, Turkey. Essential oils
were generated from aerial parts of each plant by steam distillation, and the compounds were identified
by GC-MS analyses. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined. DPPH
method was used for antioxidant activity. Seed germination was executed with the standard
method. Antifungal and antibacterial activities were carried out by disc diffusion method.

Results:
1,8-Cineole (45.8%) was the main constituent of SF. Linalyl acetate (34.4%) was detected
as the chief product of LI. The major product of RO was assigned as 1,8-cineole (43.3%). RO essential
oil (IC50, 224.76 μg ml-1) had a higher DPPH• effect than the standard, BHT. LI essential
oil showed the outstanding antifungal activity (100%) on Botrytis cinerea and Scelerotinia sclerotiorum.
LI essential oil inhibited the Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis at the rate of
16.4% at 7.5 μl dose. The best antibacterial effect was observed for RO essential oil on Pseudomonas
syringae pv. tomato (30.5%) at 7.5 μl.

Conclusion:
R. officinalis essential has the potential for using in the food industry as a natural antioxidant.
L. intermedia and R. officinalis essential oils could be useful in food and agriculture to
keep the products in high worth.
Therapeutic Potential of Antileukotriene Drug-Camellia sinensis Extract Co-Formulation on Histamine Induced Asthma in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Singh Neelam , Kulkarni Giriraj T. , Kumar Yatendra 
Published: August 2020

Background/Objective:
To study the therapeutic potential of Antileukotriene drug-
Camellia sinensis extract co-formulation on histamine induced asthma in guinea pigs.

Methods:
SRSD of Montelukast sodium was prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Lyophilized
aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis leaves and SRSD mixture was filled in capsule and the
capsule shell was coated to achieve initial release lag time. In vitro and pharmacokinetic study of
capsules was performed and compared with commercial tablets. A further role of green tea, as an
antioxidant adjunct for asthma management, has been analyzed by lung histology, mast cell count
and oxidative stress assay in the serum of control and experimental animals.

Results:
The drug release from the commercial tablet was immediate and rapid, but capsule has
shown an initial 3.5 hr lag time followed by sustained action up to 8 hr. Pharmacokinetic results
show that studied formulations are bioequivalent with respect to Cmax and AUC, while rest parameters
showed asignificant difference. Mast cells count in lung tissue were increased (p<0.001) in
the experimental group along with glycoprotein deposition in asthmatic bronchioles. Levels of
SOD and GPX were decreased (p<0.05) while CAT was increased (p<0.04) in the asthma group in
comparison to control.

Conclusion:
In the experimental animal model, co-formulation was effective in modulating allergic
inflammation and contributing to better control of the inflammatory response. Our findings
suggest that Camellia sinensis leaves extract may be used as an adjunct for future improvements in
asthma treatment and prevention.
Real-life Field Studies of the NOx Removing Properties of Photocatalytic Surfaces in Roskilde and Copenhagen Airport, Denmark
Authors: Jensen Henrik , Pedersen Pernille D. 
Published: August 2020

Aims:
To evaluate the real-life effect of photocatalytic surfaces on the air quality at two
test-sites in Denmark.

Background:
Poor air quality is today one of the largest environmental issues, due to the adverse
effects on human health associated with high levels of air pollution, including respiratory issues,
cardiovascular disease (CVD), and lung cancer. NOx removal by TiO2 based photocatalysis is a tool
to improve air quality locally in areas where people are exposed.

Objective:
To demonstrate and quantify the NOx removal capacity of photocatalytic asphalt and
concrete in real life.

Methods:
Two test sites were constructed in Roskilde and Copenhagen airport. In Roskilde, the
existing asphalt at two parking lots was treated with TiO2 containing liquid and an in-situ ISO 22197-
1 test setup was developed to enable in-situ evaluation of the activity of the asphalt. In CPH airport,
photocatalytic concrete tiles were installed at the "kiss and fly" parking lot, and NOx levels were
continuously monitored in 0.5 m by CLD at the active site and a comparable reference site before and
after installation for a period of 2 years.

Results:
The Roskilde showed high stability of the photocatalytic coating with the activity being
largely unchanged over a period of 2 years. The CPH airport study showed that the average NOx
levels were decreased by 12 % comparing the before and after NOx concentrations at the active and
reference site.

Conclusion:
The joined results of the two Danish demonstration projects illustrate the high stability of
the photocatalytic coating as well as a high potential for improvements in the real-life air quality in
polluted areas.
Effect of pre-soaking substrate and light availability on seed germination and seedling establishment of Dracaena draco (L.) L., a threatened species
Authors: Kheloufi Abdenour , Boukhecha Mohamed , Ouachi Aziza 
Published: August 2020

The Dragon tree, Dracaena draco (L.) L., is an extremely threatened species. Its natural regeneration is disturbed and population appears to decrease rapidly. To design appropriate germination and seedling establishment protocols for a species conservation and restoration program, we studied the effects of pre-soaking, substrate and light availability treatment on seed germination for 15-day period. The condition for light availability corresponded to the sowing depth (at surface or at 2 cm depth). Germination occurred better in the dark when seeds were sown at 2 cm depth. Our results showed that D. draco seeds sown in the sand under dark condition and after 24 hours pre-soaking in warm water germinated better and recorded 82.5% of final germination percentage (FGP). However, seedlings grew better in potting soil and recorded 54 mm of length. The maximum FGP of 51.3% was recorded under light condition. These results indicate that sowing depth and light availability could be a limiting factor for D. draco seed germination in natural condition. Furthermore, the establishment of D. draco seedlings (shoot and root length) during an 8-week period in pots was also assessed and illustrated. More research on seed ecophysiology is required to understand the mechanisms controlling seed germination of D. draco in arid and semi-arid conditions viz. salinity and drought.
Effect of temperature and salinity on germination and seedling establishment of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae)
Authors: Kheloufi Abdenour , Mounia Mansouri Lahouaria , Zerrouni Rawnak , Abdelhamid Okba 
Published: August 2020

The tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle is a multipurpose tree in forestry. However, it is considered an invasive and dangerous plant for native species, and in particular for national parks, where many studies have recorded their involvement in the disturbance of the already developed floral diversity. Assessing the impact of certain abiotic conditions on this species may identify the expected areas to be colonized by its seed propagation. Germination of tree of heaven were tested for germination at constant temperatures of 25, 30, 40°C, and at room temperature varying from 25-30°C coupled with total darkness. Seeds were sown in Petri dishes (0.8% agar water) for 6 days of incubation. The kinetic of germination was determined according to five closely related parameters viz. final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), time to 50% germination (T50) and seedling length (SL). For the saline condition, the seeds underwent various NaCl concentrations from 0, 50, 100 or 200 mM. For each treatment, there were four replicates with 50 seeds incubated in a plastic container between two layers of moist sand at 15% of the appropriate treatment and then placed in a culture chamber at 27°C (± 2°C) for 30-day period. The effect of temperature was not significant on the MGT, CVG and T50. However, it was significant (p< 0.0001) on FGP and SL. The maximum germination of 94% was obtained at a temperature of 30°C and the lowest FGP of 40% was obtained at 25°C. For the salinity effect, the FGP of 75% in the control was much higher compared to the seeds treated at 50 mM NaCl with only 17.2% of FGP. Germination was completely inhibited from 100 mM NaCl. A. altissima can be classified as sensitive to salt stress during seed germination and seedling emergence. The salinity effect then joined the temperature to monitor nature's A. altissima seed propagation.
Afforestation in barren laterite lands with Swietenia macrophylla G. King and plant growth promoting microbes
Authors: Arumugam Karthikeyan 
Published: August 2020

Barren laterite lands are available plenty in Kasargode District of Kerala, India and being used mainly for extracting laterite bricks for building construction. These lands are found barren due to lack of vegetation and rocky nature. Afforestation in these lands is very essential to avoid extraction of laterite bricks so as to prevent degradation of lands. To develop vegetation in these laterite lands the soil properties of laterite was examined as a first step of afforestation process. It was found that the soils have lack of plant growth promoting microbes (PGPM) and poor in major nutrients (N, P, K). Therefore, the PGPM specifically arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus geosporum) and bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus megaterium) were used for afforestation in laterite lands along with Swietenia macrophylla G. King a commercially important tree of Kerala, India. The laterite soils were collected and used as potting media for growing seedlings of S. macrophylla in nursery and the cultured PGPM were inoculated in to the seedlings of S. macrophylla and maintained for 3 months. The PGPM inoculated seedlings showed improved growth, biomass and nutrient uptake. Thereafter the seedlings were transplanted at laterite lands at Karmanthodi, Bovikanam, Kasargode, Kerala, India and monitored their growth for 12 months. The seedlings inoculated with PGPM showed up to 98% survival rate with improved growth. From this study it was understood that PGPM have the potential to increase the efficiency of plant growth system in S. macrophylla seedlings through supply of essential levels of N, P and K that helped for successful afforestation in hardy laterite lands.
Data Quality Issues With Physician-Rating Websites: Systematic Review
Authors: Mulgund Pavankumar , Sharman Raj , Anand Priya , Shekhar Shashank , Karadi Priya 
Published: August 2020

Background
In recent years, online physician-rating websites have become prominent and exert considerable influence on patients’ decisions. However, the quality of these decisions depends on the quality of data that these systems collect. Thus, there is a need to examine the various data quality issues with physician-rating websites.

Objective
This study’s objective was to identify and categorize the data quality issues afflicting physician-rating websites by reviewing the literature on online patient-reported physician ratings and reviews.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search in ACM Digital Library, EBSCO, Springer, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The search was limited to quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method papers published in the English language from 2001 to 2020.

Results
A total of 423 articles were screened. From these, 49 papers describing 18 unique data quality issues afflicting physician-rating websites were included. Using a data quality framework, we classified these issues into the following four categories: intrinsic, contextual, representational, and accessible. Among the papers, 53% (26/49) reported intrinsic data quality errors, 61% (30/49) highlighted contextual data quality issues, 8% (4/49) discussed representational data quality issues, and 27% (13/49) emphasized accessibility data quality. More than half the papers discussed multiple categories of data quality issues.

Conclusions
The results from this review demonstrate the presence of a range of data quality issues. While intrinsic and contextual factors have been well-researched, accessibility and representational issues warrant more attention from researchers, as well as practitioners. In particular, representational factors, such as the impact of inline advertisements and the positioning of positive reviews on the first few pages, are usually deliberate and result from the business model of physician-rating websites. The impact of these factors on data quality has not been addressed adequately and requires further investigation.