bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health and happiness in adolescents: A cohort study
Authors: Tuchtenhagen Simone , Ortiz Fernanda R. , Ardenghi Thiago M. , Antunes José L.F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the influence of oral health conditions, socioeconomic status and dental care utilization on subjective happiness and identify the factors associated with changes in happiness among adolescents.MethodsData were collected in 2012 and 2014. Oral health conditions were evaluated by performing clinical examinations; socioeconomic status and dental care utilization were assessed by using a questionnaire. The participants answered the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11‐14 for the evaluation of the impact of these variables on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Happiness was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Subjective Happiness Scale. For longitudinal data analysis, a mixed‐effect model of linear regression was used to assess the factors related to happiness and multinomial logistic regression to appraise prospective changes in happiness.ResultsA total of 1134 12‐year‐old adolescents were examined at baseline (response rate: 93%), and 770 were reevaluated after 2 years (retention rate: 68%). The adolescents who lived in households with lower equivalized income and greater overcrowding, had not visited the dentist in the later 6 months, had a higher number of cavitated carious lesions, and reported a higher impact on OHRQoL in 2012 presented lower happiness levels. Additionally, the adolescents with a higher number of decayed, missing or filled teeth and who reported a higher impact on OHRQoL were more likely to belong to the most unfavourable happiness trajectory categories.ConclusionsThe presence of dental caries, socioeconomic conditions, dental care utilization and OHRQoL influence happiness in adolescents. Having more teeth affected by dental caries and worse self‐perception in early adolescence can lead to a decrease in happiness.
Seasonal variation of Pacific Northern Fulmar bycatch: Implications for age and sex‐specific mortality
Authors: Beck Jessie , Michael Pamela E. , Hester Michelle , Nevins Hannahrose M. , Donnelly‐Greenan Erica , Gibble Corinne , Phillips Elizabeth M. , Young Colleen , Fitzgerald Shannon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCharacterizing demography of fisheries bycatch is essential to understanding impacts on populations of long‐lived, low‐fecundity species. Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis rogersii) represent >50% of seabird bycatch in U.S. groundfish and halibut fisheries in the North Pacific. Using specimens collected by federal observer programs, we document the sex, age class, and body condition of 1,089 fulmars collected between 2004 and 2014. Using regional fulmar breeding phenology, we assess seasonal variation in the relative composition of a given sex or age class. Strong biases in bycatch toward adults and males were documented, with a slight increase in the proportion of males to females during the non‐breeding period. High proportions of adults were observed year‐round. Sex and age biases could be related to behavioral differences, including potential segregation at sea, and reflect similar biases seen in seabird bycatch in other subpolar fisheries. Overall body condition increased as the year progressed from breeding to non‐breeding seasons, possibly revealing the costs of reproduction on adults and recovery through the availability of fisheries offal and bait. Year‐round, only 3% of examined fulmars were emaciated. Together, these results indicate a persistent removal of adult male fulmars in good body condition across a decade, and highlight the contrast of fisheries‐caused mortality and potential assistance of fishery discards to post‐breeding recovery.
30 years of free‐air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE): What have we learned about future crop productivity and its potential for adaptation?
Authors: Ainsworth Elizabeth A. , Long Stephen P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFree‐air CO2 enrichment (FACE) allows open‐air elevation of [CO2] without altering the microclimate. Its scale uniquely supports simultaneous study from physiology and yield to soil processes and disease. In 2005 we summarized results of then 28 published observations by meta‐analysis. Subsequent studies have combined FACE with temperature, drought, ozone, and nitrogen treatments. Here, we summarize the results of now almost 250 observations, spanning 14 sites and five continents. Across 186 independent studies of 18 C3 crops, elevation of [CO2] by ca. 200 ppm caused a ca. 18% increase in yield under non‐stress conditions. Legumes and root crops showed a greater increase and cereals less. Nitrogen deficiency reduced the average increase to 10%, as did warming by ca. 2°C. Two conclusions of the 2005 analysis were that C4 crops would not be more productive in elevated [CO2], except under drought, and that yield responses of C3 crops were diminished by nitrogen deficiency and wet conditions. Both stand the test of time. Further studies of maize and sorghum showed no yield increase, except in drought, while soybean productivity was negatively affected by early growing season wet conditions. Subsequent study showed reduced levels of nutrients, notably Zn and Fe in most crops, and lower nitrogen and protein in the seeds of non‐leguminous crops. Testing across crop germplasm revealed sufficient variation to maintain nutrient content under rising [CO2]. A strong correlation of yield response under elevated [CO2] to genetic yield potential in both rice and soybean was observed. Rice cultivars with the highest yield potential showed a 35% yield increase in elevated [CO2] compared to an average of 14%. Future FACE experiments have the potential to develop cultivars and management strategies for co‐promoting sustainability and productivity under future elevated [CO2].
Divergent drivers of the microbial methane sink in temperate forest and grassland soils
Authors: Täumer Jana , Kolb Steffen , Boeddinghaus Runa S. , Wang Haitao , Schöning Ingo , Schrumpf Marion , Urich Tim , Marhan Sven 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAerated topsoils are important sinks for atmospheric methane (CH4) via oxidation by CH4‐oxidizing bacteria (MOB). However, intensified management of grasslands and forests may reduce the CH4 sink capacity of soils. We investigated the influence of grassland land‐use intensity (150 sites) and forest management type (149 sites) on potential atmospheric CH4 oxidation rates (PMORs) and the abundance and diversity of MOB (with qPCR) in topsoils of three temperate regions in Germany. PMORs measurements in microcosms under defined conditions yielded approximately twice as much CH4 oxidation in forest than in grassland soils. High land‐use intensity of grasslands had a negative effect on PMORs (−40%) in almost all regions and fertilization was the predominant factor of grassland land‐use intensity leading to PMOR reduction by 20%. In contrast, forest management did not affect PMORs in forest soils. Upland soil cluster (USC)‐α was the dominant group of MOBs in the forests. In contrast, USC‐γ was absent in more than half of the forest soils but present in almost all grassland soils. USC‐α abundance had a direct positive effect on PMOR in forest, while in grasslands USC‐α and USC‐γ abundance affected PMOR positively with a more pronounced contribution of USC‐γ than USC‐α. Soil bulk density negatively influenced PMOR in both forests and grasslands. We further found that the response of the PMORs to pH, soil texture, soil water holding capacity and organic carbon and nitrogen content differ between temperate forest and grassland soils. pH had no direct effects on PMOR, but indirect ones via the MOB abundances, showing a negative effect on USC‐α, and a positive on USC‐γ abundance. We conclude that reduction in grassland land‐use intensity and afforestation has the potential to increase the CH4 sink function of soils and that different parameters determine the microbial methane sink in forest and grassland soils.
Workplace stress, common mental disorder and suicidal ideation in junior doctors
Authors: Petrie Katherine , Crawford Joanna , Shand Fiona , Harvey Samuel B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDoctors‐in‐training report elevated rates of mental disorders and high levels of stress. Whilst a number of work‐related sources of stress have been identified in the medical profession, it remains unclear as to the relative importance of workplace stressors for mental ill‐health in junior doctors.AimsTo examine workplace stressors reported by junior doctors and identify variables associated with adverse mental health outcomes.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of national 2013 survey of Australian doctors focussing on junior medical officers (N = 3053; 24.9% of total sample). Primary outcomes were caseness of common mental disorder (CMD) and suicidal ideation in the past year.ResultsPerceived level of conflict between study/career and family/personal responsibility (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 2.61–5.43; P < 0.01) and sleep deprivation (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.46–3.28; P < 0.01) were significantly associated with CMD, while perceived level of conflict between study/career and family/personal responsibility (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.78–5.50; P < 0.01) and bullying (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.42–6.03; P < 0.01) were most strongly associated with suicidal ideation in adjusted models.ConclusionThis study identifies modifiable workplace variables that are influential in junior doctors' mental health, and in doing so, provides meaningful evidence‐informed targets for future interventions to prevent suicide and mental disorder in this population.
Influence of drying conditions on the stress and weight development of capillary suspensions
Authors: Fischer Steffen B. , Koos Erin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCracking of suspensions during drying is a common problem. While additives, for example, binders and surfactants, can mitigate this problem, some applications, such as printing conductive pastes or sintering green bodies, do not lend themselves to the use of additives. Capillary suspensions provide an alternative formulation without additives. In this work, we use simultaneous stress and weight measurements to investigate the influence of formulation and drying conditions. Capillary suspensions dry more homogeneously and with lower peak stresses, leading to an increased robustness against cracking compared. An increase in dry film porosity is not the key driver for the stress reduction. Instead, the capillary bridges, which create strong particle networks, resist the stress. Increasing the relative humidity enhances this effect, even for pure suspensions. While lower boiling point secondary liquids, for example, water, persist for very long times during drying, higher boiling point liquids offer further potential to tune the drying process.
USP15 promotes the apoptosis of degenerative nucleus pulposus cells by suppressing the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway
Authors: Yu Bin , Shen Bin , Ba Zhaoyu , Liu Zhonghan , Yuan Jing , Zhao Weidong , Wu Desheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesDegenerative disc disease is characterized by an enhanced breakdown of its existing nucleus pulposus (NP) matrix due to the dysregulation of matrix enzymes and factors. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 15 (USP15) is reported to be abnormal in certain human diseases. However, its role in NP degeneration remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the function of USP15 in degenerative NP cell specimens.MethodsWe induced gene silencing and overexpression of USP15 in degenerative NP cells using RNA interference (RNAi) and a lentiviral vector, respectively. qRT‐PCR and Western blotting were used to determine gene and protein expression levels. Cell apoptosis was analysed via flow cytometry. Protein interaction was examined by performing a co‐immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and agonist IGF‐1 were used to investigate the link between USP15 and AKT in NP degeneration.ResultsWe found that USP15 was up‐regulated in degenerative NP cells and that its overexpression accelerated the process of apoptosis. Moreover, USP15 expression levels negatively correlated with AKT phosphorylation in degenerative NP cells. Furthermore, targeting and silencing USP15 with miR‐338‐3p and studying its interaction with FK506‐binding protein 5 (FKBP5) revealed enhancement of FKBP5 ubiquitination, indicating that USP15 is a component of the FKBP5/AKT signalling pathway in degenerative NP cells.ConclusionsOur results show that USP15 exacerbates NP degradation by deubiquitinating and stabilizing FKBP5. This in turn results in the suppression of AKT phosphorylation in degenerative NP cells. Therefore, our study provides insights into the understanding of USP15 function as a potential molecule in the network of NP degeneration.
The use of Breast Milk Fortifier in Preterm Infants by paediatric dietitians in the UK
Authors: Jupe Sophie , Maslin Kate 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast milk is the feed of choice for premature infants, although its nutritional composition is not always sufficient to meet their raised nutritional requirements. The addition of a multi‐nutrient breast milk fortifier (BMF) to breastmilk is recommended; however, international guidelines on the use of BMF are inconsistent. The present study aimed to explore the use of BMF in preterm infants by paediatric dietitians in the UK.MethodsA questionnaire was designed and sent to members of the British Dietetic Association neonatal specialist group (n = 100) using a secure online platform. Descriptive statistics were calculated.ResultsForty dietitians completed the survey, all of whom used BMF. Local hospital BMF guidelines were available to 77.5% (n = 31). The most commonly used criteria for commencing BMF were: tolerating a feed volume of 150 mL kg−1 day−1 (72.5%, n = 29), a gestational age <34 weeks (67.5%, n = 27) and a birth weight <1500 g (60%, n = 24). The primary contraindication for the use of BMF was necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). The majority of respondents used standard fortification, with individualised fortification available to only 12.5% (n = 5). The most common indicators for discontinuing BMF were on discharge home (67.5%, n = 27), satisfactory growth (65%, n = 26) or feeding directly from the breast (62.5%, n = 25).ConclusionsAlthough BMF is used more proactively in UK neonatal units than previously, variation in practice remains. Individualised fortification is very uncommon and caution remains regarding risk of NEC. The development of national guidelines on the use of BMF would help to standardise nutritional care in neonatal units.
Effect of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 on plasma equilibrium angiotensin peptide concentrations in cats with heart disease
Authors: Huh Terry , Larouche‐Lebel Éva , Loughran Kerry A. , Oyama Mark A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effect of renin angiotensin aldosterone system‐inhibiting (RAASi) drugs on alternative angiotensin peptides (APs) such as angiotensin 1‐7 (Ang1‐7), which are mediated by angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).Hypothesis/ObjectivesAngiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) would alter balance of APs and differences would be magnified in vitro by incubation of plasma samples with recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2).AnimalsSix cats with cardiomyopathy (CM), 8 healthy cats.MethodsProspective open label trial. Plasma equilibrium concentrations of APs were measured in healthy cats as well as in CM cats that first received no RAASi drugs (CMnoRAASi) and then after 14 days of PO telmisartan (CMARB). Plasma APs also were measured after in vitro incubation with rhACE2.ResultsNo significant differences were found between healthy and CMnoRAASi groups. Concentrations of several APs, including angiotensin I (AT1) and angiotensin II (AT2) were significantly different between CMnoRAASi and CMARB groups. Incubation with rhACE2 decreased AT1 and AT2 in both groups. The geometric mean concentration of Ang1‐7 was significantly higher in CMARB (4.9 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7‐6.4 pg/mL) vs CMnoRAASi (3.2 pg/mL; 95% CI, 2.2‐4.7 pg/mL; P = .01) and in CMARB + ACE2 (5.0 pg/mL; 95% CI, 3.9‐6.4 pg/mL) vs CMnoRAASi + ACE2 (3.0 pg/mL; 95% CI, 1.7‐5.5 pg/mL; P = .01). The most favorable theoretical AP profile that maximized Ang1‐7 and other alternative APs was CMARB + ACE2.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBalance between traditional and alternative APs can be favorably shifted using ARBs and in vitro incubation with rhACE2. These data shed light on new AP‐targeting strategies in cats with CM.
Rebranding strategies and their boomerang effect—The curious case of Burberry
Authors: Olteanu Luminița 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe analysis considers the way in which Burberry masterfully capitalized on consumers’ emotional attachments to social and cultural events and technological changes since the company's establishment in 1856 to the present day. To this end, the article examines Burberry's branding strategies and the brand's image as reflected in its advertisements over a period of over 100 years. The case study highlights the increasingly important role of consumers in creating or destroying a brand's image, raising some questions about some of the assumptions with which the European trade mark law operates in the area of dilution.
How Effective Are Intentional Vocabulary‐Learning Activities? A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: WEBB STUART , YANAGISAWA AKIFUMI , UCHIHARA TAKUMI 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present meta‐analysis aimed to summarize the extent to which second language vocabulary is learned from the most frequently researched word‐focused activities: flashcards, word lists, writing, and fill‐in‐the‐blanks. One hundred effect sizes from 22 studies were included in meta‐regression analyses and administered separately for the observations measured with meaning‐recall and form‐recall tests. The results revealed that the average percentage learning gains were 60.1% and 58.5% on meaning‐recall and form‐recall immediate posttests. These gains dropped to 39.4% and 25.1% on delayed meaning‐ and form‐recall tests, respectively. These results suggest that learning through word‐focused tasks is far from guaranteed. Moreover, the percentage learning gains among the different activities ranged from 18.4% to 77.0% on immediate posttests and from 23.9% to 73.4% on delayed posttests indicating that there is much variation in efficacy among the activities. Moderator analyses revealed that learners’ place of study and direction of learning affected learning.
Functional analysis of auxin receptor OsTIR1/OsAFB family members in rice grain yield, tillering, plant height, root system, germination, and auxinic herbicide resistance
Authors: Guo Fu , Huang Yizi , Qi Peipei , Lian Guiwei , Hu Xingming , Han Ning , Wang Junhui , Zhu Muyuan , Qian Qian , Bian Hongwu 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Auxin regulates almost every aspect of plant growth and development and is perceived by the TIR1/AFB auxin co‐receptor proteins differentially acting in concert with specific Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors. Little is known about the diverse functions of TIR1/AFB family members in species other than Arabidopsis.

We created targeted OsTIR1 and OsAFB2–5 mutations in rice using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and functionally characterized the roles of these five members in plant growth and development and auxinic herbicide resistance.

Our results demonstrated that functions of OsTIR1/AFB family members are partially redundant in grain yield, tillering, plant height, root system and germination. Ostir1, Osafb2 and Osafb4 mutants exhibited more severe phenotypes than Osafb3 and Osafb5. The Ostir1Osafb2 double mutant displays extremely severe defects in plant development. All five OsTIR1/AFB members interacted with OsIAA1 and OsIAA11 proteins in vivo. Root elongation assay showed that each Ostir1/afb2–5 mutant was resistant to 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) treatment. Notably, only the Osafb4 mutants were strongly resistant to the herbicide picloram, suggesting that OsAFB4 is a unique auxin receptor in rice.

Our findings demonstrate similarities and specificities of auxin receptor TIR1/AFB proteins in rice, and could offer the opportunity to modify effective herbicide‐resistant alleles in agronomically important crops.
Epidural catheter placement in children with baclofen pumps
Authors: Eklund Susan E. , Samineni Aneesh V. , Koka Anjali , Riley Bobbie L. , Brusseau Roland R. , Shore Benjamin J. , Miller Patricia E. , Stone Scellig S. , Berde Charles B. , Alrayashi Walid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cerebral palsy often suffer from increased tone, which can be treated with intrathecal baclofen via implanted pump. Additionally, they often require major orthopedic surgery for hip reconstruction; however, the presence of an intrathecal baclofen pump is a relative contraindication to regional anesthesia due to concerns about damaging the intrathecal baclofen pump system.Aims(a) To evaluate adverse events related to placing epidural catheters in children with intrathecal baclofen pumps and (b) describe our multidisciplinary approach to the care of these complex patients.MethodsChildren with cerebral palsy and intrathecal baclofen pump in situ who underwent hip reconstruction between 2010 and 2019 and had a perioperative epidural placed were reviewed retrospectively. Charts were assessed for adverse events or intrathecal baclofen complications. Fluoroscopic images were reviewed to evaluate the proximity between epidural and intrathecal baclofen catheters. The process of coordinating multiple services was examined.ResultsSixteen children met the inclusion criteria. There were no major complications following epidural placement. Postoperative pump interrogation was normal for all patients. Fluoroscopy was utilized for 9/16 (56%) epidural procedures. Epidurogram was used to confirm 11/16 catheters (68%). Children with an intrathecal baclofen pump were identified by orthopedic surgeons at the time of surgical booking and referred to the regional anesthesia team for review. The neurosurgical, pain, and regional anesthesia teams determined the appropriateness and safety of approaching the neuraxis. Pain and/or regional anesthesiologists with competency in spine fluoroscopy were scheduled on the day of surgery for fluoroscopically guided epidural placement. Postoperatively, catheters were managed by the acute pain team. Intrathecal baclofen pumps were interrogated by the baclofen pump team prior to patient discharge.DiscussionIn this case series, not only was epidural placement feasible but also there were no observed complications. This work highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to complex regional anesthetic techniques, as well as the importance of basic competency in spine fluoroscopy for regional anesthesiologists.