bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scalable method of determining physiological endotypes of sleep apnea from a polysomnographic sleep study
Authors: Finnsson Eysteinn , Ólafsdóttir Guðrún H , Loftsdóttir Dagmar L , Jónsson Sigurður Æ , Helgadóttir Halla , Ágústsson Jón S , Sands Scott A , Wellman Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Sleep apnea is caused by several endophenotypic traits, namely pharyngeal collapsibility, poor muscle compensation, ventilatory instability (high loop gain), and arousability from sleep (low arousal threshold). Measures of these traits have shown promise for predicting outcomes of therapies (e.g. oral appliances, surgery, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, CPAP, and pharmaceuticals), which may become an integral part of precision sleep medicine. Currently, the methods Sands et al. developed for endotyping sleep apnea from polysomnography (PSG) are embedded in the original authors’ code, which is computationally expensive and requires technological expertise to run. We present a reimplementation and validation of the integrity of the original authors’ code by reproducing the endo-Phenotyping Using Polysomnography (PUP) method of Sands et al. The original MATLAB methods were reprogrammed in Python; efficient algorithms were developed to detect breaths, calculate normalized ventilation (moving time-average), and model ventilatory drive (intended ventilation). The new implementation (PUPpy) was validated by comparing the endotypes from PUPpy with the original PUP results. Both endotyping methods were applied to 38 manually scored polysomnographic studies. Results of the new implementation were strongly correlated with the original (p &lt; 10–6 for all): ventilation at eupnea V̇ passive (ICC = 0.97), ventilation at arousal onset V̇ active (ICC = 0.97), loop gain (ICC = 0.96), and arousal threshold (ICC = 0.90). We successfully implemented the original PUP method by Sands et al. providing further evidence of its integrity. Additionally, we created a cloud-based version for scaling up sleep apnea endotyping that can be used more easily by a wider audience of researchers and clinicians.
Are age and sex effects on sleep slow waves only a matter of electroencephalogram amplitude?
Authors: Rosinvil Thaïna , Bouvier Justin , Dubé Jonathan , Lafrenière Alexandre , Bouchard Maude , Cyr-Cronier Jessica , Gosselin Nadia , Carrier Julie , Lina Jean-Marc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aging is associated with reduced slow wave (SW) density (number SW/min in nonrapid-eye movement sleep) and amplitude. It has been proposed that an age-related decrease in SW density may be due to a reduction in electroencephalogram (EEG) amplitude instead of a decline in the capacity to generate SW. Here, we propose a data-driven approach to adapt SW amplitude criteria to age and sex. We predicted that the adapted criteria would reduce age and sex differences in SW density and SW characteristics but would not abolish them. A total of 284 healthy younger and older adults participated in one night of sleep EEG recording. We defined age- and sex-adapted SW criteria in a first cohort of younger (n = 97) and older (n = 110) individuals using a signal-to-noise ratio approach. We then used these age- and sex-specific criteria in an independent second cohort (n = 77, 38 younger and 39 older adults) to evaluate age and sex differences on SW density and SW characteristics. After adapting SW amplitude criteria, we showed maintenance of an age-related difference for SW density whereas the sex-related difference vanished. Indeed, older adults produced less SW compared with younger adults. Specifically, the adapted SW amplitude criteria increased the probability of occurrence of low amplitude SW (&lt;80 µV) for older men especially. Our results thereby confirm an age-related decline in SW generation rather than an artifact in the detection amplitude criteria. As for the SW characteristics, the age- and sex-adapted criteria display reproducible effects across the two independent cohorts suggesting a more reliable inventory of the SW.
Multi-jurisdictional strategies and the choice of family wealth preservation structure and jurisdiction
Authors: Meyer Christo W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In today’s world, it is common to hear about individuals investing in multiple counties and businesses involved with cross-border transactions, and it is imperative that these businesses and stakeholders understand their global exposure and create a plan that maximises the benefit of this globally, while reducing costs, confusion, and stress. With the world becoming smaller because of this, more and more clients find themselves in a place, some without even realising it, where more advanced Multi-jurisdictional Planning and structuring is needed. It is not as easy as it sounds—first you will have to identify how to go about it, then where to start, in which countries to do it, and what structures to use.
Population structure of Cydia pomonella granulovirus isolates revealed by quantitative analysis of genetic variation
Authors: Fan Jiangbin , Jehle Johannes A , Wennmann Jörg T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Genetic diversity of viruses is driven by genomic mutations and selection through its host, resulting in differences in virulence as well as host responses. For baculoviruses, which are naturally occurring pathogens of insects and which are frequently sprayed on hundred thousands to millions of hectares as biocontrol agents of insect pests, the phenomenon of virus–host co-evolution is of particular scientific interest and economic importance because high virulence of baculovirus products is essential and emergence of host resistance needs to be avoided as much as possible. In the present study, the population structure of twenty isolates of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV), including twelve isolates from different geographic origins and eight commercial formulations, were studied on the basis of next-generation sequencing data and by analyzing the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). An entirely consensus sequence-free quantitative SNP analysis was applied for the identification of 753 variant SNP sites being specific for single as well as groups of CpGV isolates. Based on the quantitative SNP analysis, homogenous, heterogenous as well as mixed isolates were identified and their proportions of genotypes were deciphered, revealing a high genetic diversity of CpGV isolates from around the world. Based on hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC), six distinct isolate/group clusters were identified, representing the proposed main phylogenetic lineages of CpGV but comprising full genome information from virus mixtures. The relative location of different isolates in HCPC reflected the proportion of variable compositions of different genotypes. The established methods provide novel analysis tools to decipher the molecular complexity of genotype mixtures in baculovirus isolates, thus depicting the population structure of baculovirus isolates in a more adequate form than consensus based analyses.
Variables Affecting Basal Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma In Situ Excision Clearance: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Study
Authors: Sharma Ajay N. , Cohen Joel L. , Haupt Eric C. , Sarpa Hege G. , Martin Brent C. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND
The primary endpoint for surgical excision of skin cancer is the positive margin status. Tumor characteristics may explain much of this risk, but other important factors can include physician specialty.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the variables affecting the success of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or melanoma in situ (MIS) excision.

METHODS/MATERIALS
An 8-year, multicenter, retrospective study of 5,800 BCC or MIS excisions performed at 13 different Kaiser Permanente medical centers. The margin status was determined by searching final pathology diagnosis texts for phrases associated with positive margins.

RESULTS
An incomplete excision rate was found in 23% of all specimens (BCC—22%, MIS—25%). Per specialty, the proportion of specimens with positive tumor margins was 24% for dermatology, 26% for plastic surgery, 28% for otolaryngology, and 12% for general surgery. General surgeons most often excised large tumors and tumors from truncal regions, 2 variables conferring lower odds of an incomplete excision. For non-Mohs procedures, dermatologists were no different than otolaryngologists or plastic surgeons in performing an incomplete BCC or MIS excision in all multivariate models (all p > .05).

CONCLUSION
Intrinsic tumor characteristics may influence the success of achieving tumor-free resection margins more than the specialty of the provider.
Evaluation of Bayesian Forecasting Methods for Prediction of Tacrolimus Exposure Using Samples Taken on Two Occasions in Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Brooks Emily , Tett Susan E. , Isbel Nicole M. , McWhinney Brett , Staatz Christine E. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Bayesian forecasting-based limited sampling strategies (LSSs) for tacrolimus have not been evaluated for the prediction of subsequent tacrolimus exposure. This study examined the predictive performance of Bayesian forecasting programs/services for the estimation of future tacrolimus area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 12 hours (AUC0–12) in kidney transplant recipients.

Methods:
Tacrolimus concentrations were measured in 20 adult kidney transplant recipients, 1 month post-transplant, on 2 occasions one week apart. Twelve samples were taken predose and 13 samples were taken postdose at the specified times on the first and second sampling occasions, respectively. The predicted AUC0–12 (AUCpredicted) was estimated using Bayesian forecasting programs/services and data from both sampling occasions for each patient and compared with the fully measured AUC0–12 (AUCmeasured) calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule on the second sampling occasion. The bias (median percentage prediction error [MPPE]) and imprecision (median absolute prediction error [MAPE]) were determined.

Results:
Three programs/services were evaluated using different LSSs (C0; C0, C1, C3; C0, C1, C2, C4; and all available concentrations). MPPE and MAPE for the prediction of fully measured AUC0–12 were <15% for each program/service (with the exclusion of when only C0 was used), when using estimated AUC from data on the same (second) occasion. The MPPE and MAPE for the prediction of a future fully measured AUC0–12 were <15% for 2 programs/services (and for the third when participants who had a tacrolimus dose change between sampling days were excluded), when the occasion 1-AUCpredicted, using C0, C1, and C3, was compared with the occasion 2-AUCmeasured.

Conclusions:
All 3 Bayesian forecasting programs/services evaluated had acceptable bias and imprecision for predicting a future AUC0–12, using tacrolimus concentrations at C0, C1, and C3, and could be used for the accurate prediction of tacrolimus exposure in adult kidney transplant recipients.
The Last Three Decades of Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Şenel Engin 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundContact dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease, and it affects approximately 20% of the adult population. Bibliometrics is a statistical analysis of academic literature in a certain field. Although bibliometric studies have been popular in recent years, the literature has limited number of bibliometric researches focusing on dermatology.ObjectiveWe aimed to perform the first bibliometric analysis of contact dermatitis literature.MethodsAll data of our study were obtained from the databases provided by Web of Science. We used the keywords “contact dermatitis,” “irritant contact dermatitis,” “allergic contact dermatitis,” “cutaneous allergy,” “occupational dermatitis,” and “patch test” for our search. All items published between 1988 and 2017 were included.ResultsA total of 37,283 documents were found. The most studied research areas were dermatology, immunology, and allergy (79.7%, 65.02%, and 58.6%, respectively). The peak year of contact dermatitis literature was 2011 with 1,782 items. The United States covered 24.77% of contact dermatitis literature with 9,237 documents. Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan, and France followed the United States (n= 4,121, 3,420, 2,870, and 2,627 items, respectively). Denmark was the most productive country, followed by Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, and Belgium.ConclusionPhysicians from developing and least developed countries should be supported to perform novel bibliometric researches on contact dermatitis.
Topical Oxymetazoline (Rhofade) in Rosacea
Authors: Nagrani Nicole K. , Gonzalez Adrianna M. , Zito Patrick M. , Glick Brad P. , Rubenstein Richard M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
By definition, a drug is a medicine or substance that exerts a physiologic effect on an organism. In dermatology, various medications and substances are utilized on a daily basis, ranging from topical treatments to anesthetics in micrographic surgery. The purpose of this section is to focus on some of the more common substances, specifically how they work, how they are utilized, and routine alternatives (if available). The mechanism of action, usage, and alternative options of the medication topical oxymetazoline are discussed.
Illness Identity in Adolescents With Celiac Disease
Authors: Meyer Sonya , Lamash Liron 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim was to examine the reliability and validity of the Illness Identity Questionnaire (IIQ) among adolescents with celiac disease (CD), to describe their illness identity characteristics, and to examine relationships between illness identity and self‐reported participation in food‐related activities and quality of life.Methods:Adolescents with CD (n = 91) were recruited for this cross‐sectional study via social media interest groups. Participants completed online questionnaires: the IIQ, the CD Children's Activities Chart (CD‐Chart), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).Results:Internal reliability was established for IIQ items (α = 0.87) and for its 4 components (α = 0.75‐‐0.90). The positive components (acceptance, enrichment) significantly differed from the negative components (rejection, engulfment), t(90) = 11.45, P < 0.001, d = 1.98. Feelings were more positive (M = 3.48, SD = 0.67) than negative (M = 2.06, SD = 0.76). The total IIQ was positively associated with the CD‐Chart amount of activities (r = 0.30, P < 0.01) and enjoyment (r = 0.34, P < 0.001) and with the PedsQL social scale (r = 0.53, P < 0.001).Conclusions:The IIQ established acceptable reliability and validity. In all, the adolescents with CD exhibited an illness identity profile that was more positive and adaptive than negative. The IIQ can contribute to understanding the developmental status of illness identity during the critical transition process from adolescence to adulthood.
Spasticity Outpatient Evaluation via Telemedicine
Authors: Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica , Romanoski Natasha L. , Capizzi Allison N. , Reebye Rajiv N. , Kotteduwa Jayawarden Supun , Ketchum Nicholas C. , O’Dell Michael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has resulted in significant changes to delivery of care in the field of physiatry. Most prominently, in-person visits have fast tracked to virtual visits. As we are forced to quickly adopt this new technology for our doctor-patient interactions, many questions remain with regard to structuring telemedicine visits for optimal outcomes. Little has been written on virtual evaluations of patients with spasticity. The intent of this article was to provide a framework for conducting a virtual spasticity assessment via telemedicine. We will provide tips on how to conduct a person-centered virtual examination assessment and how to document goals related to the virtual assessment.
Postoperative Treatment of Intracranial Hypotension Venous Congestion–Associated Brain Injury With Zolpidem
Authors: Desmarais Lauren M. , Milleville Kristen A. , Wagner Amy K. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A previously independent 75-yr-old man developed postoperative intracranial hypotension–associated venous congestion after an elective T10-pelvis fusion, which was complicated by durotomy. Postoperative day 0 magnetic resonance imaging noted symmetric edema of the basal ganglia, thalami, and cerebellar cortex as well as smooth diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement and dural thickening, consistent with postoperative intracranial hypotension–associated venous congestion. On postoperative day 0, patient developed tonic clonic seizures, and on postoperative day 2, patient was unable to follow commands or blink to visual threat, able to track eyes to sound only, and spontaneously moved all limbs. Patient was started on zolpidem 2.5 mg on postoperative day 2, and 12 hrs later, he had significantly improved motor function, arousal, verbalization, and followed simple commands. After three doses, patient was fully alert and oriented with improved mobility and comprehension. Six zolpidem doses were administered in total, and repeat magnetic resonance imaging on postoperative day 16 showed markedly improved regional edema. The patient was admitted to a brain injury inpatient rehabilitation unit and was discharged to home 9 days later with Functional Independence Measure gain of 17. Intracranial hypotension can adversely affect primary mesocircuit structures supporting arousal. Zolpidem, a selective α-1-subunit GABA-A agonist, supports GABAergic tone in these regions. This patient’s clinical presentation and recovery paralleled selective basal ganglial-thalamic edema development and resolution.
Non-permissive SARS-CoV-2 infection in human neurospheres
Authors: Pedrosa Carolina da S. G. , Goto-Silva Livia , Temerozo Jairo R. , Souza Leticia R. Q. , Vitória Gabriela , Ornelas Isis M. , Karmirian Karina , Mendes Mayara A. , Gomes Ismael C. , Sacramento Carolina Q. , Fintelman-Rodrigues Natalia , Soares Vinicius Cardoso , Gomes Dias Suelen da Silva , Salerno José Alexandre , Puig-Pijuan Teresa , Oliveira Julia T. , Aragão Luiz G. H. S. , Torquato Thayana C. Q. , Veríssimo Carla , Biagi Diogo , Cruvinel Estela M. , Dariolli Rafael , Furtado Daniel R. , Borges Helena L. , Bozza Patrícia T. , Rehen Stevens , Souza Thiago Moreno L. , Guimarães Marília Zaluar P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially described as a viral infection of the respiratory tract. It is now known, however, that several other organs are affected, including the brain. Neurological manifestations such as stroke, encephalitis, and psychiatric conditions have been reported in COVID-19 patients, but the neurotropic potential of the virus is still debated. Herein, we sought to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in human neural cells. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection of neural tissue is non-permissive, however, it can elicit inflammatory response and cell damage. These findings add to the hypothesis that most of the neural damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is due to a systemic inflammation leading to indirect harmful effects on the central nervous system despite the absence of local viral replication.
Variations in human monocyte-derived macrophage antimicrobial activities and their associations with tuberculosis clinical manifestations
Authors: Tram Trinh T. B. , Ha Vu T. N. , Thu Do D. A. , Dinh Tran D. , Nhung Hoang N. , Hanh Nguyen T. , Phu Nguyen H. , Thwaites Guy E. , Thuong Nguyen T. T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMacrophages play a significant role in preventing infection through antimicrobial activities, particularly acidification and proteolysis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection can lead to diverse outcomes, from latent asymptomatic infection to active disease involving multiple organs. Monocyte-derived macrophage is one of the main cell types accumulating in lungs following Mtb infection. The variation of intracellular activities of monocyte-derived macrophages in humans and the influence of these activities on the tuberculosis (TB) spectrum are not well understood. By exploiting ligand-specific bead-based assays, we investigated macrophage antimicrobial activities real-time in healthy volunteers (n=53) with 35 cases of latent TB (LTB), and those with active TB (ATB) and either pulmonary TB (PTB, n=70) or TB meningitis (TBM, n=77). We found wide person-to-person variations in acidification and proteolytic activities in response to both non-immunogenic IgG and pathogenic ligands comprising trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis or β-glucan from Saccharamyces cerevisiase. The variation in the macrophage activities remained similar regardless of stimuli; however, IgG induced stronger acidification activity than immunogenic ligands TDM (P=10−5, 3×10−5 and 0.01 at 30, 60 and 90 min) and β-glucan (P=10−4, 3×10−4 and 0.04 at 30, 60 and 90 min). Variation in proteolysis activity was slightly higher in LTB than in ATB (CV=40% in LTB vs. 29% in ATB, P=0.03). There was no difference in measured antimicrobial activities in response to TDM and bacterial killing in macrophages from LTB and ATB, or from PTB and TBM. Our results indicate that antimicrobial activities of monocyte-derived macrophages vary among individuals and show immunological dependence, but suggest these activities cannot be solely responsible for the control of bacterial replication or dissemination in TB.
Crystallization and structure of ebselen bound to Cys141 of human inositol monophosphatase
Authors: Fenn Gareth D. , Waller-Evans Helen , Atack John R. , Bax Benjamin D. 
Published: September 2020

Inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) is inhibited by lithium, which is the most efficacious treatment for bipolar disorder. Several therapies have been approved, or are going through clinical trials, aimed at the replacement of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder. One candidate small molecule is ebselen, a selenium-containing antioxidant, which has been demonstrated to produce lithium-like effects both in a murine model and in clinical trials. Here, the crystallization and the first structure of human IMPase covalently complexed with ebselen, a 1.47 Å resolution crystal structure (PDB entry 6zk0), are presented. In the complex with human IMPase, ebselen in a ring-opened conformation is covalently attached to Cys141, a residue located away from the active site. IMPase is a dimeric enzyme and in the crystal structure two adjacent dimers share four ebselen molecules, creating a tetramer with approximate 222 symmetry. In the crystal structure presented in this publication, the active site in the tetramer is still accessible, suggesting that ebselen may function as an allosteric inhibitor or may block the binding of partner proteins.