bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steady Wind-blown Cavities within Infalling Rotating Envelopes: Application to the Broad Velocity Component in Young Protostars
Authors: Liang Lichen , Johnstone Doug , Cabrit Sylvie , Kristensen Lars E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Wind-driven outflows are observed around a broad range of accreting objects throughout the universe, ranging from forming low-mass stars to supermassive black holes. We study the interaction between a central isotropic wind and an infalling, rotating envelope, which determines the steady-state cavity shape formed at their interface under the assumption of weak mixing. The shape of the resulting wind-blown cavity is elongated and self-similar, with a physical size determined by the ratio between wind ram pressure and envelope thermal pressure. We compute the growth of a warm turbulent mixing layer between the shocked wind and the deflected envelope, and calculate the resultant broad-line profile, under the assumption of a linear (Couette-type) velocity profile across the layer. We then test our model against the warm broad velocity component observed in CO J = 16–15 by Herschel/HIFI in the protostar Serpens-Main SMM1. Given independent observational constraints on the temperature and density of the dust envelope around SMM1, we find an excellent match to all its observed properties (line profile, momentum, temperature) and to the SMM1 outflow cavity width for a physically reasonable set of parameters: a ratio of wind to infall mass flux of ≃4%, a wind speed of v
w ≃ 30 km s−1, an interstellar abundance of CO and H2, and a turbulent entrainment efficiency consistent with laboratory experiments. The inferred ratio of ejection to disk accretion rate, ≃6%–20%, is in agreement with current disk wind theories. Thus, the model provides a new framework to reconcile the modest outflow cavity widths in protostars with large observed flow velocities. Being self-similar, it is applicable over a broader range of astrophysical contexts as well.
Eruptive–Impulsive Homologous M-class Flares Associated with Double-decker Flux Rope Configuration in Minisigmoid of NOAA 12673
Authors: Mitra Prabir K. , Joshi Bhuwan , Veronig Astrid M. , Chandra Ramesh , Dissauer K. , Wiegelmann Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present a multiwavelength analysis of two homologous, short-lived, impulsive flares of GOES class M1.4 and M7.3 that occurred from a very localized minisigmoid region within the active region NOAA 12673 on 2017 September 7. Both flares were associated with initial jetlike plasma ejection that for a brief amount of time moved toward the east in a collimated manner before drastically changing direction toward the southwest. Nonlinear force-free field extrapolation reveals the presence of a compact double-decker flux rope configuration in the minisigmoid region prior to the flares. A set of open field lines originating near the active region that were most likely responsible for the anomalous dynamics of the erupted plasma gave the earliest indication of an emerging coronal hole near the active region. The horizontal field distribution suggests a rapid decay of the field above the active region, implying high proneness of the flux rope system toward eruption. In view of the low coronal double-decker flux ropes and compact extreme ultraviolet brightening beneath the filament, along with associated photospheric magnetic field changes, our analysis supports the combination of initial tether-cutting reconnection and subsequent torus instability for driving the eruption.
Physical, chemical and sesnory properties of flakes (<I>Gari</I>) prepared from refrigerated cassava roots
Authors: Oyeyinka S.A. , Adesoye A.A. , Oladipo J.O. , Akintayo O.A. , Adediran O.J. , Badmos A.A. , Balogun M.A. , Ojo P.K. , Adeloye A.A. , Diarra S.S. 
Published: August 2020

Cassava is a tropical crop that can be processed into a variety of products including flakes popularly called gari. Gari is a product obtained from cassava root by fermentation, but the root from which the gari is obtained spoils rapidly. Efforts have been made to extend the shelf life of the root through the use of traditional and improved storage techniques, for example storage in boxes, freezing and refrigeration. However, the quality of the products from refrigerated roots, such as gari, has not been reported. In this study, cassava roots were refrigerated for a period of three weeks and the physicochemical properties of gari from the stored roots were determined. With the exception of the carbohydrate content which was very similar (approx. 88%), refrigeration of cassava roots significantly (p < 0.05) affected the physical and chemical properties of the resulting gari. The cyanide content decreased from 2.96 to 1.90 mg/ kg with increase in refrigeration period, while the functional properties including bulk densities and swelling power were only slightly affected. Cassava roots can be refrigerated for a period of two weeks without substantial changes in the eating quality of the resulting gari, if the storage condition is closely monitored. Future studies are required to investigate the physicochemical properties of other valuable products from refrigerated cassava roots to determine their potentials in food and non-food applications.
Keyword: Cassava; Functional; Gari; Refrigeration; Pasting; Sensory
Effect of Potash addition on groundnut oil yield and quality of <i>kulikuli </i>(fried groundnut cake)
Authors: Balogun M.A. , Karim O.R. , Akintayo O.A. , Oyeyinka A.T. , Kolawole F.L. , Okereke E.E. 
Published: August 2020

Fried groundnut cake, popularly called kulikuli, is obtained by frying the cake obtained from groundnut oil extraction. Addition of potash during defatting of groundnut is believed to increase oil yield and improve kulikuli quality, but there is little or no scientific information explaining this. This study investigated the yield, physical and chemical properties of oil extracted from groundnut with the addition of potash at 0.16, 0.32, 0.48 and 0.64%. The proximate and sensory attributes of the kulikuli produced were also determined. Groundnut yield increased from 14% to 27% with increasing addition of potash, presumably due to the emulsifying properties of potash. Potash addition significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the refractive indices, percentage impurity and colour of the oil samples. Oil extracted without potash had the lowest iodine value (85.12 mg/100 g), saponification value (202.2 mg KOH/g), acid value (6.46 mgKOH/g) and peroxide value (5.66 meq/Kg). The kulikuli had moisture in the range of 1.45 - 3.00%; carbohydrate, 20.6 - 40.4%; protein, 30.5 - 40.8%; ash, 4.45 - 5.05%; and fat, 23.5 - 30.6%. Kulikuli sample without potash was the most preferred based on taste and aroma while sample with 0.64% potash was the most preferred based on crunchiness, colour, breakability and overall acceptability. The study confirmed the hypothesis that potash addition during extraction of oil and production of kulikuli increases oil yield and some of the quality attributes of the kulikuli.
Keywords: Groundnut, potash, oil yield, kulikuli, quality attributes
Influence of cashew steaming on the quality attributes of cashew-pawpaw mixed fruit juice
Authors: Bolarinwa I.F. , Aruna T.E. , Abioye A.O. , Adelakun O.E. 
Published: August 2020

Cashew is a tree crop that is valued for its nuts, with the fleshy fruits (cashew apple) receiving little attention due to its high acidity. In this study, ascorbic acid, total solid, total soluble solid, pH, titratable acidity and microbial stability of cashew-pawpaw juice prepared by mixing varying proportions (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50) of raw or steamed cashew and pawpaw puree were evaluated. Increased in ascorbic acid (10.20-23.96 mg/100 g), total solid (8.03-12.37%), total soluble solid (1.37-3.5%) and pH (3.68-4.65) were recorded for the cashew-pawpaw juice samples. The titratable acidity (TTA) of the juice samples decreases (0.39-0.19%) with increasing amount of pawpaw puree in the juice blends. Total yeast and total coliform were not detected in the juice samples, however, the juice had low (1 × 105 - 1.5 × 105 log10 cfu/ml) total viable count. Cashew-pawpaw juice blend prepared from 50% raw cashew juice and pawpaw puree was highly rated in terms of taste, colour, flavor and overall acceptance. In conclusion, acceptable low acid juice that is also rich in ascorbic acid can be produced from blend of raw cashew and pawpaw puree.
Keywords: Cashew juice; Pawpaw puree; Physicochemical properties; Steamed cashew; Vitamin C.
Effect of <I>Pleurotus tuberregium</I> sclerotium on chemical, antimicrobial and sensory properties of packaged tomato paste
Authors: Kolawole F.L. , Balogun M.A. , Karim O.R. , Muhammad A.O. , Sanni-Olayiwola H.O. 
Published: August 2020

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely consumed fresh vegetables in the world. Due to its low shelf-life, it is processed into paste with added chemical preservatives. Pleurotus tuberregium (P.t.s) is a good source of bioactive compounds effective against microbial growth, in addition to its load of other nutrients. In this study, the physicochemical, microbial, antioxidant activity and sensory properties of packaged tomato paste supplemented with Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotium flour were investigated using standard methods. The tomato pastes and Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotium flour were mixed in ratios of 100:0, 95:5 and 90:10 after which they were stored in low-density polyethylene and plastic containers at ambient temperature. There was a haphazard decrease in the fungal count of the supplemented samples during storage. A progressive increase in antioxidant activity at different inhibition levels was observed, with the samples packaged in plastic having the highest value at 100mg/ml titration. The DPPH value range obtained for (Day 0), (Day 4) and (Day7) were 4.7 - 49.9%, 50.2 -53.8% and 50.0% - 52.2%, respectively. A slight decrease in vitamins and minerals composition of treated samples as compared to the control was evident after storage period. Moderate addition of 5 to 10% Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotium flour is effective in improving the physicochemical properties, vitamins and minerals content, antioxidant activity, sensory properties and microbial stability of the paste stored in plastic container.
Keywords: Tomato paste, Pleurotus tuberregium sclerotium, low density polyethylene, plastic container, chemical composition
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia: Sero-prevalence and associated risk factors in Gudeya Bila and Boneya Boshe Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Neggasa Tolesa , Begna Feyissa , Wakgari Moti , Shibashi Sisay , Gezahegn Eshetu , Bekele Fikadu , Tolosa Tadele 
Published: August 2020

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) remains a huge threat to cattle production in sub Saharan African countries in general and in Ethiopia in particular. A cross sectional study was conducted between November, 2017 and June, 2018 to estimate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of CBPP in the Gudeya Bila and Boneya Boshe districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State. The study was conducted on 384 cattle with no history of vaccination against CBPP, using systematic random sampling technique. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each animal and tested by competitive ELISA. Information on risk factors influencing the occurrence of CBPP was collected using questionnaire survey. Data obtained from both serological and questionnaire surveys were analyzed by using SPSS software version 20. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of exposure variables with anti-mycoplasma mycoides subspecies small colony antibodies. The results indicated that, the overall seroprevalence of CBPP at individual animal-level and herd-level was 8.6% and 26.3%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association in the sero-prevalence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (MMmsSC) antibody (P< 0.05) with the poor body condition score, origin of animals (purchasing from outside of herd) and previous history of CBPP disease at individual animal and large herd size at herd level. This study showed that the overall prevalence of CBPP in study area was high. This warrants the implementation of appropriate preventive and control practice.
Keywords: Boneya Boshe, Bovine, CBPP, c-ELISA, Ethiopia, Gudeya Bila, Sero-prevalence
Zoonotic helminth parasites of dog in Bishoftu Town, central Ethiopia: prevalence, dog owners’ knowledge and control practice
Authors: Tadesse Mitiku , Ayana Dinka , Kumsa Bersisa , Fromsa Abebe 
Published: August 2020

Many dog helminth parasites are endemic in many countries of the world posing public health threat. However, they were neglected and less studied in the developing countries such as Ethiopia. This cross-sectional study carried out from November 2016 to April 2017 in Bishoftu town aims at estimating the prevalence of major gastrointestinal tract (GIT) zoonotic helminth parasites of dogs and assessing dog owner’s knowledge and control practice against zoonotic dog parasites. Accordingly, the whole area of Bishoftu town was divided into 60 blocks, of which 10 were randomly selected for the study. A structured questionnaire was prepared in English, pretested and administered face to face to 140 dog-owning respondents using two local languages: Amharic and Affan Oromo. Fecal samples collected from 238 dogs after administration of ivermectin and praziquantel at recommended doses to increase sensitivity of detection and to get favorable cooperation of owners. For case detection flotation technique is used for parasite egg identification and parasite morphology for parasites observed in the feces. Pearson’s Chi-square (χ2), p-values and 95% confidence intervals calculated to measure association. Four zoonotic helminthic parasites detected with combined infection prevalence of 59.24% (95% CI: 52.84-65.35). The prevalence of each was 33.61% (95% CI: 27.86 – 39.90) Ancylostoma (A.) caninum, 29.41% (95% CI: 23.93 – 35.56) Toxocara (T.) canis, 19.75% (95% CI: 15.14 – 25.34) Dipylidium (D.) caninum, and 2.10% (95% CI: 0.87 – 4.98) Echinococcus (E.) granulosus. The prevalence of A. caninum and T. canis was significantly higher than the prevalence of D. caninum and E. granulosus. Mixed infection with two parasites recorded in 13.87% whereas concurrent infection with three parasites registered in 5.88% of the dogs. Statistically significant association (p<0.05) was observed between overall infection prevalence and the sex of dogs, where infection prevalence of A. caninum (p<0.001) and T. canis (p<0.001) were significantly higher in male than in female dogs. The questionnaire survey revealed that only 40% of the respondents were aware of the transmission of zoonotic helminthes to humans while none know the route of transmission. Of all the respondents, 58.57% reported regular deworming of their dogs, at least twice per annum, whereas 47.86% of respondents clean and dispose dogs’ excrement with household garbage and 88.57% of dog owners remove dogs’ excrement without using glove, facemasks, boots and/or coverall/gown for personal protection In relative terms high prevalence of zoonotic helminth parasites infestation was observed in owned dog population with poor awareness about route of transmission. Thus, it is advisable to create awareness of dog owners in waste management and use of Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE).
Keywords: Ancylostoma; Bishoftu; Dipylidium; Echinococcus; Ethiopia; Toxocara
Availability and Use of Library Resources in the Rehabilitation of Inmates in Correctional Centers in Imo and Abia States, Nigeria
Authors: Obiano Doris Obinyere , Ogueri Emeka , Chima-James Ngozi , Moneke Peter O. , Bernard Irene Ijeoma 
Published: August 2020

The study examined the availability and use of library resources in the rehabilitation of inmates in correctional centers in Imo and Abia states,Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design using three research questions and three hypotheses. The population of the study comprised 3,854 prisoners from the five prisons in Imo and Abia States, Nigeria. The sample size used was 713 prisoners. Purposive and proportionate random sampling techniques were used. Instruments for the study included: a checklist and a rating scale namely: Availability of Library Resources Checklist (ALRC) and Extent of Use of Library Resources Scale (EULRS). The instruments were validated and found reliable with index of 0.88 for EULRS using Cronbach Alpha Statistic. The research questions were answered using frequency count, proportion, mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested using t-test. The findings were that Owerri and Umuahia correctional centers only have two librarians each in their respective libraries. This implies that the librarians in prison libraries are not adequate. It was also revealed that a good number of resources like fiction books, textbooks, magazines, chairs and lightings were available but some materials like newspapers, newspaper racks, audio cassettes, video tapes, DVD, library software were not found at all but the ones found were utilized to a high extent. Based on these findings, the study recommended among others that the Federal Government should employ more librarians to the correctional services centers in Imo and Abia states so as to reduce job stress and bring information closer to the inmates.
Keywords: Library Resources, Inmates, Correctional Centers, Rehabilitation
Enhancing Research Activities of Library and Information Science Educators in Nigerian Universities through Utilization of Academic Social Media
Authors: Salami Rita Otibhor , Katamba Abubakar Saka , Bitagi Mohammed Abubakar , Udoudoh Samuel Jimmy 
Published: August 2020

The paper examines how academic social media utilisation can enhance research activities of Library and Information Science educators in Nigerian universities. The study highlighted the various research activities of Library and Information Science educators such as information gathering, collaboration, and dissemination of research findings and measurement of impacts. In addition, the authors elaborated on the benefits of academic social media such as Research gate, Academia.edu, Google Scholar, LinkedIn, Open Researcher Contributor Identity and Mendeley to include profile creation, information gathering, search for potential collaborators, instant research result dissemination, measurement of impact and management of research. The study stated that factors such as social influence, technical factors and personal factors can influence use of academic social media platforms.
Keywords: Social media, Academics, Research Library and Information Science, Educators
Bio-insecticide potential of three aromatic plants of Burkina Faso (<I>Ocimum americanum L., Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. and Hyptis suaveolens</I> Poit.) and their importance in cowpea seed conservation
Authors: Savadogo Salfo , Lykke Anne Mette , Traore Lassina , Sereme Abdoulaye , Thiombiano Adjima 
Published: August 2020

Cowpea is an important source of food and income for the populations of sub-Saharan Africa in general and particularly in West Africa. However, farmers face storage and conservation problems. During storage in granaries, cowpea seeds are attacked by insects causing decreased grain weight and quality and sometimes a loss of germination capacity. Traditionally, farmers have used aromatic plants to limit insect damage. The aim of the present study is to test the insecticidal potential of three aromatic plants (Ocimum americanum L., Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. and Hyptis suaveolens Poit.). Cowpea seeds were mixed with increasing amounts of powder from each of the three plants and stored in plastic boxes for 10 month. The results showed that the number of defective seeds varied according to the treatment. O. americanum was the most efficient; the smallest effective dose of powder was 12%. For C. schoenanthus and H. suaveolens, the smallest effective doses were 16% and 18% respectively. With such treatments, no defective seeds and no live or dead weevils were found. Considering all treatments, the cowpea average loss recorded was 6.92 g for O. americanum, 29.46 g for C. schoenanthus and 36.40 g for H. suaveolens. The average loss recorded in the control was 82.23 g. The powders of the three plants had virtually no effect on the seed germination rate after storage. Storage of cowpeas can be considerably improved using all three aromatic species, but O. americanum was the most efficient.
Keywords: Africa, insect damage, cowpea, storage, aromatic plants, powder.
Egg quality characteristics of layer hens fed varying levels of yellow cocoyam corm meal (<i>Xanthosoma sagittifolium</i>) as energy source
Authors: Okonkwo V.N. 
Published: August 2020

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of sun-dried cocoyam corm meal (SDCCM) on the performance and egg quality characteristics of layer hens. Poultry industry in Nigeria is faced with numerous challenges among which is the scarcity and high cost of poultry feed fueled by high cost of energy and protein feed feedstuffs such as maize, sorghum, oat, millet etc. Cocoyam corm meal has been discovered as cheaper energy source than grains such as maize or wheat and was used to formulate layer hens’ diets as energy source at 0.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20% levels of inclusion respectively. These were used to feed a batch of one hundred and twenty (120) Isa brown pullets starting at their point of lay for a fifty-six (56) days feeding trial. The birds were grouped into four treatments of 30 hens per group and replicated three times with 10 birds per group in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Proximate composition of the experimental material was evaluated while the laying hens performance and egg quality characteristics were determined. The results obtained showed no treatment effect (P>0.05) for all the performance characteristics except for feed cost and hen – day egg production which were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the test diets at 20% dietary levels. Similarly, all the external egg quality characteristics measured in this study were similar (P>0.05) in all the treatments means except for egg shell weight which was reduced significantly (P<0.05) in T4 (20% DCCM). However, all the treatment groups retained similar (P<0.05) egg shell thickness and were within the range of 0.30 – 0.36mm reported for egg shell thickness. However, for internal egg quality characteristics, results obtained in all the treatment means were similar (P>0.05). Albumen height and haugh unit values were, 7.19, 7.36, 7.13, and 7.23cm and 83.75, 83.79, 82.53 and 83.80 respectively. It was therefore concluded that dried cocoyam corm meal is an ideal feed ingredient in layer hen’s diets at 20% inclusion level.
Keywords: Performance, egg quality characteristics, layer hens and sun-dried cocoyam corm meal.