bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition in equine blood by phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib: Informing clinical NSAID selection
Authors: Fogle C. , Davis J. , Yechuri B. , Cordle K. , Marshall J. , Blikslager A. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryNewer cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) selective nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as firocoxib, are proposed to reduce inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) and avoid undesirable side effects, while continuing to inhibit inflammation associated with COX‐2. However, COX selectivity is typically based on in vitro testing, which may not provide sufficient information critical for treatment selection. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and ex vivo COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition of phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib. Horses (n = 3) were administered one of the four drugs, in a randomised cross‐over design, with 3‐week washout periods. For each drug, three doses were given and sampling performed. Drug plasma concentrations, thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined. After one dose, TXB2 and PGE2 levels were significantly higher in horses administered firocoxib compared to flunixin meglumine. Following the third dose, TXB2 levels in horses administered firocoxib and meloxicam were significantly higher compared to flunixin meglumine or phenylbutazone; all drugs reduced PGE2 to a similar degree. The mean plasma half‐lives were 5.97 ± 0.47, 4.74 ± 0.14, 8.24 ± 3.74 and 47.42 ± 7.41 h for phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, meloxicam and firocoxib, respectively. Firocoxib and meloxicam exhibited significantly less COX‐1 inhibition compared to flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone; all drugs inhibited COX‐2. The plasma half‐life of firocoxib was longer than the other NSAIDs, including meloxicam. Data from this study have important clinical relevance and should be used to inform practitioners’ drug selection of a COX‐1 sparing or traditional NSAID and dose selection and to provide knowledge of the duration for the four NSAIDs studied.
A metatheory explaining how patients manage tooth loss
Authors: Al‐Sahan Maha M. , MacEntee Michael I. , Bryant S. Ross 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore how a metatheory composed of five dominant psychosocial theories of communication, developmental regulation, emotions, resources and social cognition, explains the beliefs, concerns and experiences, of people experiencing tooth loss.BackgroundComplete tooth loss is the leading cause of disability associated with oral conditions in 19 of 21 global regions, and it is among the most difficult treatment challenges in dentistry.MethodsInterviews with 18 participants were analysed inductively using interpretive description and qualitative synthesis to explain their beliefs and experiences relating to tooth loss.ResultsTheoretical constructs from the five dominant theories constituting the metatheory explained the beliefs, concerns and experiences of the participants. For example, both before and after tooth loss they engaged in adaptive behaviours according to developmental regulation theory; implemented management strategies according to emotion theory, social cognitive theory, and resource theory; sought help from friends and dental professionals according to communication theory; and modified their physical and social activities according to social cognitive theory.ConclusionA metatheory synthesised from five dominant theories addressing communication, personal background, emotions, resources and social awareness, offers a comprehensive and plausible explanation of how people respond psychologically and socially to the loss of their teeth, and expands the scope of information needed to help manage their loss and subsequent treatment.
Characteristics of detected and undetected dementia among community‐dwelling older people in Metropolitan Tokyo
Authors: Ura Chiaki , Okamura Tsuyoshi , Inagaki Hiroki , Ogawa Madoka , Niikawa Hirotoshi , Edahiro Ayako , Sugiyama Mika , Miyamae Fumiko , Sakuma Naoko , Furuta Ko , Hatakeyama Akira , Ogisawa Fumiko , Konno Michiko , Suzuki Takahiro , Awata Shuichi 
Published: April 2020

AimAlthough a series of policies have been adapted to deliver an early diagnosis of dementia, many people living with dementia remain undetected and undiagnosed. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of undetected dementia in community‐dwelling older people in Metropolitan Tokyo.MethodsWe conducted a three‐step survey. First, the questionnaires were mailed, in total, to 7614 residents aged ≥70 years in one area in Tokyo, and 5430 were retrieved. Secondly, 2020 individuals attended the face‐to‐face survey, including Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSE). Thirdly, 198 of 335 individuals who scored <24 on MMSE were visited. Diagnosis of dementia, Clinical Dementia Rating and need for social support were assessed by the interdisciplinary team at their home, and psychological variables, sociological variables and sociodemographic variables were evaluated.ResultsAmong the 198 participants, 78 (39.4%) were assessed to have dementia. Among those who had dementia, 34 had received a previous diagnosis of dementia in a clinical setting, i.e., the rate of undetected dementia among our 198 participants was 56.4%. People living with dementia without a dementia diagnosis tended to have more complex social support needs, particularly in the domains of dementia diagnosis, medical check‐ups for physical conditions, continuous medical care and housing support. In addition, they exhibited signs of frailty.ConclusionsGiven that people living with dementia without a dementia diagnosis are at risk of losing housing or physical health, it is a threat to human rights. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Elevated CO2 promotes satellite stomata production in young cotyledons of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Higaki Takumi , Akita Kae , Hasezawa Seiichiro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStomata are tiny pores on plant leaves and stems surrounded by a pair of differentiated epidermal cells known as guard cells. Plants undergo guard cell differentiation in response to environmental cues, including atmospheric CO2. To quantitatively evaluate stomatal development in response to elevated CO2, imaging analysis of stomata was conducted using young cotyledons of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under ambient (380 ppm) and elevated (1,000 ppm) CO2 conditions. Our analysis revealed that treatment with 1,000 ppm CO2 did not affect stomatal numbers on abaxial sides of cotyledons but increased cotyledon area, resulting in decreased stomatal density, 7 days after germination. Interestingly, this treatment also perturbed the uniform distribution of stomata via excess satellite stomata and stomatal precursor cells. We used overexpression lines of the DNA replication licensing factor gene CDC6, a reported positive regulator of satellite stomata production. CDC6 overexpression decreased the speed of cotyledon expansion, even under treatment with 1,000 ppm CO2, possibly by suppressing pavement cell maturation. In contrast, treatment with 1,000 ppm CO2 induced stomatal distribution changes in the overexpressor. These results suggest that treatment with 1,000 ppm CO2 enhances both cotyledon expansion and satellite stomata production via independent pathways, at least in young cotyledons of A. thaliana.
The influence of the addition of surfactants to sodium hypochlorite on the removal of hard tissue debris
Authors: Guerreiro M. Y. R. , Belladonna F. G. , Monteiro L. P. B. , Lima C. O. , Silva E. J. N. L. , Brandão J. M. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of the addition of surfactants to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the removal of accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD), before and after final irrigation with 17% EDTA, from mesial canals of mandibular molars through microcomputed tomographic (micro‐CT) analysis.MethodologyThirty moderately curved mandibular mesial roots with Vertucci type II canal configuration were selected and scanned in a micro‐CT device at an isotropic resolution of 22.9 μm. The specimens were assigned to three groups (n = 10) with respect to the root length, degree of curvature of the mesial root, volume and 3D anatomy of the root canals according to the irrigating solution used during root canal preparation: 2.5% NaOCl and 0.1% Benzalkonium Chloride, 2.5% NaOCl and 0.1% Tween 80 and 2.5% NaOCl without additives. The root canals were instrumented up to Reciproc R25 instrument. Then, the specimens were scanned again after canal preparation and after final irrigation with 17% EDTA, and the registered data sets were examined to evaluate the percentage of AHTD. For comparison between the different groups before and after using 17% EDTA, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used with a significance level of 5%. For comparison between the same groups before and after using 17% EDTA, the Wilcoxon test was used with a significance level of 5%.ResultsNone of the irrigant solutions tested was able to completely eliminate hard tissue debris from mesial canals of mandibular molars. There were no significant differences in the percentage of AHTD amongst the different irrigation solutions (P > 0.05). Final irrigation with 17% EDTA significantly reduced the percentage of AHTD (P < 0.05), without differences amongst the groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe addition of surfactants to NaOCl did not affect the removal of AHTD from mesial canals of extracted mandibular molars. Final irrigation with 17% EDTA significantly improved AHTD removal.
Prevention of ventilator‐associated pneumonia in intensive care units: Barriers and compliance
Authors: Aloush Sami M. , Al‐Rawajfa Omar M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the compliance of Jordanian nurses with ventilator‐associated pneumonia prevention guidelines and the barriers to compliance.MethodA descriptive, cross‐sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 294 nurses from nine hospitals in Jordan completed a self‐reported questionnaire.ResultsAccording to the study compliance categories, 45.6% of the participants reported ‘insufficient compliance,’ 24.8% ‘weak compliance’ and 29.6% ‘sufficient compliance.’ Nurses with more experience and previous education on ventilator‐associated pneumonia reported higher compliance scores than their counterparts with less experience and no previous education. Nurses reported several barriers that limited their own compliance, such as lack of education, lack of policies and protocols, lack of resources and the shortage of staff.ConclusionThe compliance of nursing staff with the prevention guidelines was poor. Applying tailored educational programs may help improve their level of compliance. These programs must target new graduate nurses and be conducted in those hospitals with limited resources.
Clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Homma Yukio , Akiyama Yoshiyuki , Tomoe Hikaru , Furuta Akira , Ueda Tomohiro , Maeda Daichi , Lin Alex TL , Kuo Hann‐Chorng , Lee Ming‐Huei , Oh Seung‐June , Kim Joon Chul , Lee Kyu‐Sung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and related symptomatic conditions were revised by updating our previous guidelines. The current guidelines define interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome as a condition with chronic pelvic pain, pressure or discomfort perceived to be related to the urinary bladder accompanied by other urinary symptoms, such as persistent urge to void or urinary frequency in the absence of confusable diseases. The characteristic symptom complex is collectively referred as hypersensitive bladder symptoms. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is divided into Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome; Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome represent interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome with Hunner lesions and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome without Hunner lesions, respectively. So‐called non‐Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis featured by glomerulations or bladder bleeding after distension is included in bladder pain syndrome. The symptoms are virtually indistinguishable between Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome; however, Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome should be considered as a separate entity of disorder. Histopathology totally differs between Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome; Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis is associated with severe inflammation of the urinary bladder accompanied by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and urothelial denudation, whereas bladder pain syndrome shows little pathological changes in the bladder. Pathophysiology would also differ between Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome, involving interaction of multiple factors, such as inflammation, autoimmunity, infection, exogenous substances, urothelial dysfunction, neural hyperactivity and extrabladder disorders. The patients should be treated differently based on the diagnosis of Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome, which requires cystoscopy to determine the presence or absence Hunner lesions. Clinical studies are to be designed to analyze outcomes separately for Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome.
Lessons from the American federal‐state unemployment insurance system for a European unemployment benefits system
Authors: O’Leary Christopher J. , Barnow Burt S. , Lenaerts Karolien 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article reviews practices in the United States (US) federal‐state unemployment insurance (UI) system regarding applicant eligibility, benefit generosity, benefit financing and emergency measures with the aim of revealing lessons for a possible European unemployment benefit system (EUBS) for European Union (EU) Member States. We overview the US system for UI and examine important areas of federal leadership. While the US system offers some good ideas for setting up an EUBS, there are also lessons in some shortcomings of the US experience. We overview existing national UI systems in the EU and review the debate on an EUBS in the EU. We identify areas of risk for individual and institutional moral hazard in a multi‐tiered UI system and give examples of monitoring methods and incentives to ameliorate such risks. We suggest approaches for gradual system development, encouraging lower‐tier behaviour, benefit financing, and responses to regional and system‐wide labour market crises.
The cross‐border portability of social security benefits: Status and progress?
Authors: Holzmann Robert , Wels Jacques 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe importance of the cross‐border portability of social benefits is increasing in parallel with the rise in the absolute number of international migrants and their share of the world population, and perhaps more importantly with the much higher and rising share of the world population that for some part of their life is working and/or retiring abroad. This article estimates how the rising stock of migrants is distributed over four key portability regimes ranging from portability through bilateral social security arrangements to undocumented workers with no access to any scheme. The comparison of estimates for 2000 and 2013 indicate a modest but noticeable increase in the share of migrants under regime I (full portability) by 1.4 per cent, but the biggest change occurred under regime III (no access to social security but also no contributions required), which almost doubled to 9.4 per cent. Regime II (potential exportability without totalization) reduced by 3.0 percentage points but remains the dominant scheme (at 53.2 per cent). The estimates suggest that the scope of regime IV (informality) reduced by 2.9 percentage points, accounting for 14.0 per cent of all migrants in 2013. This trend is positive, but more will need to be done to progress on benefit portability and various potential solutions lie outside bilateral agreements that are difficult to establish.
The relevance of institutions and people’s preferences in the PSNP and IN‐SCT programmes in Ethiopia
Authors: Vinci Vincenzo , Roelen Keetie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effective implementation of social protection interventions is key for achieving positive change. The existing literature mainly focuses on issues related to programme design and impact, rather than the factors that influence the emergence, expansion and provision of these programmes. This article builds on the recent literature that indicates that the quality of institutions and people’s preferences play an important role in the implementation of social protection. It does so by using Ethiopia and its Productive Safety Net Programme – one of the largest social protection programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa – as a case study, thereby contributing to debates on how to implement social protection more effectively, particularly in settings of widespread poverty and relatively low levels of institutional capacity. Based on primary qualitative data, the article finds that greater institutional quality at the local level is associated with the more effective provision of social protection. The ability of community members and social protection clients to voice preferences can lead to adaptations in implementation, although the extent to which this occurs is highly gendered.
Unravelling myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): Gender‐specific changes in the microRNA expression profiling in ME/CFS
Authors: Cheema Amanpreet K. , Sarria Leonor , Bekheit Mina , Collado Fanny , Almenar‐Pérez Eloy , Martín‐Martínez Eva , Alegre Jose , Castro‐Marrero Jesus , Fletcher Mary A. , Klimas Nancy G. , Oltra Elisa , Nathanson Lubov 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a multisystem illness characterized by medically unexplained debilitating fatigue with suggested altered immunological state. Our study aimed to explore peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for microRNAs (miRNAs) expression in ME/CFS subjects under an exercise challenge. The findings highlight the immune response and inflammation links to differential miRNA expression in ME/CFS. The present study is particularly important in being the first to uncover the differences that exist in miRNA expression patterns in males and females with ME/CFS in response to exercise. This provides new evidence for the understanding of differential miRNA expression patterns and post‐exertional malaise in ME/CFS. We also report miRNA expression pattern differences associating with the nutritional status in individuals with ME/CFS, highlighting the effect of subjects' metabolic state on molecular changes to be considered in clinical research within the NINDS/CDC ME/CFS Common Data Elements. The identification of gender‐based miRNAs importantly provides new insights into gender‐specific ME/CFS susceptibility and demands exploration of sex‐suited ME/CFS therapeutics.
The poor health of deep‐water species in the context of fishing activity and a warming climate: will populations of Molva species rebuild or collapse?
Authors: Lloret Josep , Serrat Alba , Thordarson Gudmundur , Helle Kristin , Jadaud Angelique , Bruno Isabel , Ordines Francesc , Sartor Paolo , Carbonara Pierluigi , Rätz Hans‐Joachim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany deep‐water fish populations, being K‐selected species, have little resilience to overexploitation and may be at serious risk of depletion as a consequence. Sea warming represents an additional threat. In this study, the condition, or health, of several populations of common ling (Molva molva), blue ling (Molva dypterygia) and Mediterranean or Spanish ling (Molva macrophthalma) inhabiting different areas in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean was evaluated, to shed light on the challenges these deep‐water species are facing in the context of fishing activity and a warming climate. The data on the condition of Molva populations which are analysed here have been complemented with data on abundance and, for the southernmost species (Mediterranean ling), with two other health indicators (parasitism and hepato‐somatic index). Despite some exceptions (e.g., common ling in Icelandic waters), this study shows that the condition of many populations of Molva species in the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea has worsened, a trend which, in recent decades, has usually been found to be accompanied by a decline in their abundance. In addition, the poor health status of most populations of common ling, blue ling and Mediterranean ling considered in this analysis points to a lower sustainability of these populations in the future. Overall, the health status and abundance of Molva populations in the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean suggest that only some populations located in the North Atlantic may be able to rebuild, whereas the populations in southern North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, which are probably most at risk from sea warming, are facing serious difficulties in doing so. In the context of fisheries and global warming, this study's results strongly indicate that management bodies need to consider the health status of many of the populations of Molva species, particularly in southern European waters, before implementing their decisions.
Skilled Nursing Facility Patients Discharged to Home Health Agency Services Spend More Days at Home
Authors: Simning Adam , Orth Jessica , Wang Jinjiao , Caprio Thomas V. , Li Yue , Temkin‐Greener Helena 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the association of the utilization of Medicare‐certified home health agency (CHHA) services with post‐acute skilled nursing facility (SNF) discharge outcomes that included home time, rehospitalization, SNF readmission, and mortality.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGNew York State fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older admitted to SNFs for post‐acute care and discharged to the community in 2014.PARTICIPANTSA total of 25,357 older adults.MEASUREMENTSThe outcomes included days spent alive in the community (“home time”), rehospitalization, SNF readmission, and mortality within 30‐ and 90‐day post‐SNF discharge periods. The primary independent variables were SNF five‐star overall quality rating and receipt of CHHA services within 7 days of SNF discharge. Zero‐inflated negative binomial regression and logistic regression models characterized the association of CHHA linkage with home time and other outcomes, respectively.RESULTSFollowing SNF discharge, 17,657 (69.6%) patients received CHHA services. In analyses that adjusted for patient‐, market‐, and other SNF‐level factors, older adults discharged from higher quality SNFs were more likely to receive CHHA services. In analyses that adjusted for patient‐ and market‐level factors, receipt of post‐SNF CHHA services was associated with 2.03 and 4.17 (P < .001) more days in the community over 30‐ and 90‐day periods. Receiving CHHA services was also associated with decreased odds for rehospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = .68; P < .001; OR = .91; P = .008), SNF readmission (OR = .36; P < .001; OR = .62; P < .001), and death (OR = .34; P < .001; OR = .63; P < .001) over 30‐ and 90‐day periods, respectively.CONCLUSIONAmong older adults discharged from a post‐acute SNF stay, those who received CHHA services had better discharge outcomes. They were less likely to experience admissions to institutional care settings and had a lower mortality risk. Future efforts that examine how the type and intensity of CHHA services affect outcomes would build on this work. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1573‐1578, 2020.