bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Simulation‐Based Education to Improve Team Communication During a Massive Transfusion Protocol in the OR
Authors: Vortman Rebecca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHemorrhaging during operative and other invasive procedures can result in devastating outcomes for surgical patients. An effective plan of action in the form of a massive transfusion protocol (MTP), along with teamwork and clear communication among OR personnel, is critical during a hemorrhagic crisis to improve patient outcomes. However, perioperative personnel may be unprepared to manage a hemorrhagic crisis because they lack experiential knowledge of these uncommon, high‐risk scenarios. Perioperative leaders at a 500‐bed acute‐care hospital in the Midwest developed an educational activity involving a video‐recorded simulated MTP scenario, learning modules, and debriefing sessions to educate more than 150 employees. Perioperative personnel received pre‐education and watched the video‐recorded MTP simulation together, and then participated in team debriefings after watching the video. Based on team debriefings and evaluation feedback, most staff members believed that the activity improved team communication.
Covariate‐dependent control limits for the detection of abnormal price changes in scanner data
Authors: Kim Youngrae , Kim Sangkyun , Lim Johan , Lee Sungim , Son Won , Hwang Heejin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrently, large‐scale data for consumer goods, called scanner data, are obtained by scanning the bar codes of individual products at the points of sale of retail outlets. Many national statistical offices use scanner data to build consumer price statistics. In this process, as in other statistical procedures, the detection of abnormal transactions in sales prices is an important step in the analysis. Popular methods for conducting such outlier detection are the quartile method, the Hidiroglou‐Berthelot method, the resistant fences method, and the Tukey algorithm. These methods are based solely on information about price changes and not on any of the other covariates (eg, sales volume or types of retail shops) that are also available from scanner data. In this article, we propose a new method to detect abnormal price changes that take into account an additional covariate, namely, sales volume. We assume that the variance of the log of the price change is a smooth function of the sales volume and estimate the function from previously observed data. We numerically show the advantages of the new method over existing methods. We also apply the methods to real scanner data collected at weekly intervals by the Korean Chamber of Commerce and Industry between 2013 and 2014 and compare their performance.
Does organisational sustainability policies affect environmental attitude of employees? The missing link of green work climate perceptions
Authors: Dahiya Rinki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmid the forbidding actions of humankind on environment, contemporary organisations are increasingly developing and implementing sustainable policies for encouraging employee green behaviour. Work climate perceptions may serve as a psychological mechanism that relate to such organisational policies and employee behaviour. Considering this notion, the present study aims to examine the association between perceived presence of organisational sustainability polices and employee report of their environmental attitude (proactive and task related green behaviour) with the mediating role of perceptions of green work climate (orientation of organisations and co‐workers). The findings based on survey of 183 employees indicated that perceptions of green orientations of organisation and co‐workers differentially mediated the link between perceived presence of organisational sustainability polices and employee proactive and task‐related green behaviour. These findings advocate the prominence of relevant psychological mechanism that link organisational sustainability policies with green behaviour of employees and extend the literature on efficacy of workplace sustainability policies.
Adherence status to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Chinese Women with Early Breast Cancer and its influencing factors: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Xu Hui , Jin Feng , Zhang Xiu‐jie , Wang Da‐qiu , Yu Shao‐fen , Wang Ai‐ping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveDespite the proven benefits of adjuvant endocrine therapy, adherence to oral endocrine therapy in breast cancer treatment is a substantial problem. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy by women in China for the first 5 years, and to identify its influencing factors.MethodsStratified sampling method was adopted to select 1875 cases of breast cancer patients for cross‐sectional telephone follow‐up. Compliance to medications was assessed using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Status of endocrine therapy was assessed using nine additional questions. Binomial regression was used when assessing the factors associated with persistence, multinomial regression models were used to assess factors associated with compliance.ResultsOf 888 patients who started adjuvant endocrine therapy, 769(86.6%) persisted and 119 (13.4%) discontinued. 760 patients who completed Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, the compliance was 7.4% low, 42% medium, and 50.6% high. The type of medication, duration of medication and side effects had an impact both on persistence and compliance. Age, history of radiotherapy and caregivers only had an impact on persistence.ConclusionsMedication adherence was affected by many factors. Special attention and interventions should be given to women taking tamoxifen in the 2nd to 3rd year of medication, and aromatase inhibitors in the 1st to 2nd year. Further prospective design studies are needed to explore effective measures to improve medication adherence of women with breast cancer treated by endocrine therapy.
Comparison of vaginal microbiota in gynecologic cancer patients pre‐ and post‐radiation therapy and healthy women
Authors: Tsementzi Despina , Pena‐Gonzalez Angela , Bai Jinbing , Hu Yi‐Juan , Patel Pretesh , Shelton Joseph , Dolan Mary , Arluck Jessica , Khanna Namita , Conrad Lesley , Scott Isabelle , Eng Tony Y. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. , Bruner Deborah W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile the importance of commensal microbes in vaginal health is well appreciated, little is known about the effects of gynecological cancer (GynCa) and radiation therapy (RT) on the vaginal microbiome (VM) of postmenopausal women.MethodsWe studied women with GynCa, pre‐ (N = 65) and post‐RT (N = 25) and a group of healthy controls (N = 67) by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from vaginal swabs and compared the diversity and composition of VMs between the three groups accounting for potential confounding factors in multivariate analysis of variance.ResultsComparisons of cancer vs healthy groups revealed that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have significantly higher relative abundance in the healthy group, while the cancer group was enriched in 16 phylogroups associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and inflammation, including Sneathia, Prevotella, Peptoniphilus, Fusobacterium, Anaerococcus, Dialister, Moryella, and Peptostreptococcus. In our sample, RT affected the α‐diversity and correlated with higher abundance of typically rare VM species, including several members of the Lacnospiraceae family, a taxon previously linked to vaginal dysbiosis. In addition to cancer and treatment modalities, age and vaginal pH were identified as significant parameters that structure the VM.ConclusionsThis is among the first reports identifying VM changes among postmenopausal women with cancer. RT alone seems to affect several phylogroups (12 bacterial genera), while gynecological cancer and its treatment modalities are associated with even greater significant shifts in the vaginal microbiota including the enrichment of opportunistic bacterial pathogens, which warrants further attention.
Nanocatalysts Unravel the Selective State of Ag
Authors: Lamoth Maximilian , Jones Travis , Plodinec Milivoj , Machoke Albert , Wrabetz Sabine , Krämer Michael , Karpov Andrey , Rosowski Frank , Piccinin Simone , Schlögl Robert , Frei Elias 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we report on a comparative study of model catalysts during ethylene epoxidation reaction under industrially relevant conditions. The catalysts consist of Ag nanoparticles <6 nm and a reference sample ∼100 nm. Combining catalytic data with transmission electron microscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory allows us to show that catalytic performance is linked to the oxygen concentration in/on the Ag particles. Isotope experiments using18O2and C18O2are conducted to gain insight into the nature and location of oxygen in/on the Ag nanoparticles. The oxygen species responsible for the CO2formation and inhibition of the overall catalytic activity are identified, and the abundance of those species is shown to depend strongly on the pre‐treatment and reaction conditions, showing both are critical for effective oxygen management. By comparison with a conventional Ag/α‐Al2O3catalyst, we demonstrate a low concentration of oxygen in/on Ag leads to the highest selectivity regardless of particle size. However, particle size dependent oxophilicity leads to significantly lower TOFs for the Ag nanoparticles. This study provides fundamental understanding of the performance of supported Ag particles in ethylene epoxidation and offers new strategies to improve performance under industrially relevant conditions.
Reporting of health‐related quality of life endpoints in National Cancer Institute–supported cancer treatment trials
Authors: St Germain Diane , Denicoff Andrea , Torres Andrea , Kelaghan Joseph , McCaskill‐Stevens Worta , Mishkin Grace , O’Mara Ann , Minasian Lori M. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe importance of capturing and reporting health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in clinical trials has been increasingly recognized in the oncology field. As a result, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began to provide support for correlative HRQOL studies in cancer treatment trials. The current study was conducted to assess the publication rate of HRQOL correlative studies in NCI‐supported treatment trials and to identify potential factors positively or negatively associated with publication rates.MethodsThe NCI conducted a retrospective review of existing NCI databases to identify cancer treatment trials that had obtained additional NCI funding for the assessment of HRQOL and to determine the extent to which funded HRQOL studies have been completed and published in a peer‐reviewed journal.ResultsOf the 108 included trials, 58 (54%) had a parent trial (PT) publication; of these, 36 trials (62%) had a published HRQOL result: 20 as an independent publication and 16 that were included and/or reported in the PT publication. The length of time between trial activation and closure, as well as the specific cancer, appeared to be associated with the publication rates.ConclusionsThe results of the current study demonstrated that approximately 45% of the PT publications were followed by a HRQOL publication within 1 year, to allow the knowledge to be used in patient treatment decision making. The authors believe the current analysis is an important first step toward a better understand of the challenges that researchers face when reporting HRQOL endpoints.
In silico prototype of a human lung with a single airway to predict particle deposition
Authors: Fernández‐Tena Ana , Barrio‐Perotti Raúl , Blanco‐Marigorta Eduardo , Pandal‐Blanco Adrián 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundExperimental analyses of the flow of drug particles inside the human lung usually require that the patient be exposed to radiation and also of expensive equipment that often lack of enough accuracy. Numerical calculations based on CFD (computational fluid dynamics) have been proven to be a valuable tool to analyze flows in diverse applications.MethodsThe complexity of the human lung disallows running calculations on complete lung models due to the large number of cells that would be required. In this work, using a proprietary methodology, particle deposition in the lung is simulated by reducing its multiple branches to a single path.ResultsThe tested flow rates were 18, 30, and 75 L min−1, which are equivalent to different respiratory rates varying from light activity to heavy exercise. Most of the particles are accumulated in the upper airways, mainly at the mouth and also at the confluence of the larynx and the trachea (epiglottis), while the remaining particles travel across the lung. The reported procedure allowed simulating the operation of the entire lung by means of a single individual path.ConclusionsThe obtained calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results found in the technical literature, thus showing that the model can provide a realistic description of the lung operation, while avoiding high computational costs. Moreover, the calculations suggest that particle sizes above 15 μm and inspiratory flows higher than 30 L min−1 must be avoided in order to allow drug particles to reach the lower airways.
Carbon Nanofibers Encapsulated Nickel‐Molybdenum Nanoparticles as Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts for Aqueous Zn−CO2 System
Authors: Asokan Arunchander , Lim Chaehyun , Kim Jeongwon , Kwon Ohhun , Lee Hansol , Joo Sangwook , Jeong Hu Young , Kim Guntae 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarbon capture, utilization and storage techniques have been studied extensively to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide. However, CO2 conversion technologies are not widely proposed due to sluggish conversion rate, high energy consumption and need for precious metals as catalysts. Therefore, novel metal‐CO2 electrochemical cell has been proposed to utilize CO2 to produce electricity and H2 gas continuously. Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction under neutral condition has demanded the overall device performance. Herein, we have developed non‐precious NiMo‐carbon nanofiber‐based catalyst with unique matchstick‐like morphology using low temperature CVD technique and demonstrated in aqueous Zn−CO2 system. The NiMo alloy offers excellent activity by promoting hydrogen adsorption/desorption and chemically bonded carbon nanofiber assists catalytic activity by providing charge transfer. Due to superior characteristics, NiMo‐carbon nanofiber exhibits significant HER activity (over‐potential of 268 mV at 10 mA cm‐2) in CO2‐saturated 1 M KOH and superior cell performance in aqueous Zn−CO2 system (peak power density of 25 mW cm−2). In addition, the stability of the catalysts has also been investigated using chronopotentiometry and the results have compared with commercial Pt/C catalysts. We are hopeful that the present study will provide insights into developing non‐precious electrocatalysts, particularly for metal‐CO2 electrochemical conversion devices.
Gender underlies the formation of STEM research groups
Authors: Start Denon , McCauley Shannon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch groups are the cornerstone of scientific research, yet little is known about how these groups are formed and how their organization is influenced by the gender of the research group leader. This represents an important gap in our understanding of the processes shaping gender structure within universities and the academic fields they represent. Here, we report the results of an email survey sent to department chairs and discipline‐specific listservs. We received responses from 275 female and 175 male research group leaders. Most respondents were biologists (n = 328) but psychology (n = 27), chemistry (n = 16), physics (n = 32), and mathematics (n = 30) were also relatively well represented. We found that men were self‐reported as overrepresented in research groups in the physical sciences, particularly at later career stages. Within biology, male and female group leaders reported supervising a disproportionate number of same‐gender trainees (students and postdoctoral fellows), particularly early in their careers. These self‐reported patterns were driven primarily by gender‐based differences in the pool of students applying to their research groups, while gender differences in acceptance rates played a seemingly smaller role. We discuss the implications of our results for women continuing into the professoriate and for the recruitment of young scientists into research groups.
Simulated solar panels create altered microhabitats in desert landforms
Authors: Tanner Karen E. , Moore‐O'Leary Kara A. , Parker Ingrid M. , Pavlik Bruce M. , Hernandez Rebecca R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSolar energy development is a significant driver of land‐use change worldwide, and desert ecosystems are particularly well suited to energy production because of their high insolation rates. Deserts are also characterized by uncertain rainfall, high species endemism, and distinct landforms that vary in geophysical properties. Weather and physical features that differ across landforms interact with shade and water runoff regimes imposed by solar panels, creating novel microhabitats that influence biotic communities. Endemic species may be particularly affected because they often have limited distributions, narrow climatic envelopes, or specialized life histories. We used experimental panels to simulate the effects of solar development on microhabitats and annual plant communities present on gravelly bajada and caliche pan habitat, two common habitat types in California's Mojave Desert. We evaluated soils and microclimatic conditions and measured community response under panels and in the open for seven years (2012–2018). We found that differences in site characteristics and weather affected the ecological impact of panels on the annual plant community. Panel shade tended to increase species richness on the more stressful caliche pan habitat, and this effect was strongest in dry years. Shade effects on diversity and abundance also tended to be positive or neutral on caliche pan habitat. On gravelly bajada habitat, panel shade did not significantly affect richness or diversity and tended to decrease plant abundance. Panel runoff rarely affected richness or diversity on either habitat type, but effects on abundance tended to be negative—suggesting that panel rain shadows were more important than runoff from low‐volume rain events. These results demonstrate that the ecological consequences of solar development can vary over space and time, and suggest that a nuanced approach will be needed to predict impacts across desert landforms differing in physical characteristics.
Association between loop diuretic dose changes and outcomes in chronic heart failure: observations from the ESC‐EORP Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry
Authors: Kapelios Chris J. , Laroche Cécile , Crespo‐Leiro Maria G. , Anker Stefan D. , Coats Andrew J.S. , Díaz‐Molina Beatria , Filippatos Gerasimos , Lainscak Mitja , Maggioni Aldo P. , McDonagh Theresa , Mebazaa Alexandre , Metra Marco , Moura Brenda , Mullens Wilfried , Piepoli Massimo F. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Ruschitzka Frank , Seferovic Petar M. , Lund Lars H. ,   Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry Investigators Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsGuidelines recommend down‐titration of loop diuretics (LD) once euvolaemia is achieved. In outpatients with heart failure (HF), we investigated LD dose changes in daily cardiology practice, agreement with guideline recommendations, predictors of successful LD down‐titration and association between dose changes and outcomes.Methods and resultsWe included 8130 HF patients from the ESC‐EORP Heart Failure Long‐Term Registry. Among patients who had dose decreased, successful decrease was defined as the decrease not followed by death, HF hospitalization, New York Heart Association class deterioration, or subsequent increase in LD dose. Mean age was 66 ± 13 years, 71% men, 62% HF with reduced ejection fraction, 19% HF with mid‐range ejection fraction, 19% HF with preserved ejection fraction. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] LD dose was 40 (25–80) mg. LD dose was increased in 16%, decreased in 8.3% and unchanged in 76%. Median (IQR) follow‐up was 372 (363–419) days. Diuretic dose increase (vs. no change) was associated with HF death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–2.08; P = 0.008] and nominally with cardiovascular death (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.96–1.63; P = 0.103). Decrease of diuretic dose (vs. no change) was associated with nominally lower HF (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.33–1.07; P = 0.083) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.62,95% CI 0.38–1.00; P = 0.052). Among patients who had LD dose decreased, systolic blood pressure [odds ratio (OR) 1.11 per 10 mmHg increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.22; P = 0.032], and absence of (i) sleep apnoea (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.09–0.69; P = 0.008), (ii) peripheral congestion (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.29–0.80; P = 0.005), and (iii) moderate/severe mitral regurgitation (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.37–0.87; P = 0.008) were independently associated with successful decrease.ConclusionDiuretic dose was unchanged in 76% and decreased in 8.3% of outpatients with chronic HF. LD dose increase was associated with worse outcomes, while the LD dose decrease group showed a trend for better outcomes compared with the no‐change group. Higher systolic blood pressure, and absence of (i) sleep apnoea, (ii) peripheral congestion, and (iii) moderate/severe mitral regurgitation were independently associated with successful dose decrease.
Hybrid simulation: An early history
Authors: Nakashima Masayoshi 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis historical note reports on the early days of the development of an experimental method called “hybrid simulation.” As background, the seeds of this concept, initiated in the early 1970s by Japanese researchers, are presented first, followed by initial efforts (regarded as Stage I) to realize the concept of hybrid simulation and its first applications to explore the seismic performance of structures. The initial research in this now‐seminal field of earthquake engineering began in the early 1970s by Koichi Takanashi and his coworkers at the Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo. Their highly notable efforts in laying the groundwork for hybrid simulation occurred in the mid‐1970s through the early 1980s by Takanashi (for steel structures) and Tsuneo Okada (for RC structures). These two men and their coworkers first applied hybrid simulation to explore the seismic behavior, performance, and design of various types of building structures. In Stage I, this method was called “the on‐line computer‐controlled test” or “pseudo dynamic test” because the unique feature of the method was the combined test and simulation and the intentional slow loading in the test. Extension of the scope and application of hybrid simulation occurred largely between the early 1980s and the early 1990s (regarded as Stage II) in conjunction with the United States–Japan joint research project. A few notable efforts made around that period are touched upon briefly, including error propagation and suppression in multi‐degree‐of‐freedom hybrid simulation, application of the substructure methodology to hybrid simulation, and real‐time hybrid simulation.