bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of antibiotics on urine leakage in women with refractory detrusor overactivity: A phase IIb randomized trial
Authors: Chen Zhuoran , Moore Kate H. , Mansfield Kylie J. , Ognenovska Samantha , Allen Wendy , Parkin Katrina , Mukerjee Chinmoy , Aryal Nanda R. , Gebski Val 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimBecause bacterial cystitis is common in women with refractory detrusor overactivity, the aim was to compare the efficacy of 6 weeks of rotating antibiotics versus placebo, in conjunction with an anticholinergic, in controlling the symptoms of urge incontinence.MethodsIn a multicenter phase IIb double‐blinded randomized placebo‐controlled trial, women with urodynamically proven refractory detrusor overactivity were randomized in a 2:1 ratio of antibiotics versus placebo for 6 weeks, in addition to darifenacin for 6 months. Any woman with disabling cystitis symptoms was given appropriate antibiotics (“clinical override”). The primary outcome was the degree of urge incontinence change at 6 weeks and 6 months on 24‐h pad test. Secondary outcomes were changes in leaks and voids per day measured on 3‐day bladder diary and quality of life measures. Microbiological data were collected at all visits.ResultsAlthough 278 women were screened, only 36 were randomized and 33 (91.7%) completed the trial. Leakage on 24‐h pad test decreased at 6 months by 75 g in patients receiving antibiotics versus 35 g in placebo. Cure of urge incontinence occurred at 6 months in 10/21 (48%) of antibiotics versus 2/12 (17%) of placebo. Clinical override, necessitating treatment of cystitis, occurred in 41.6% of placebo versus 16.7% of the antibiotic group by 6 months.ConclusionDespite the small sample size, the study showed a significant reduction in pad leakage and leaks per day over 24 h in the active treatment group over a 6‐month period. Nearly half of patients on placebo had disabling urinary tract infection symptoms that required clinical override treatment.
Case‐based learning combined with science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education concept to improve clinical thinking of undergraduate nursing students: A randomized experiment
Authors: Zhu Xinhong , Xiong Zhenfang , Zheng Taoyun , Li Lin , Zhang Liuyi , Yang Fen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe present study was conducted to apply and examine case‐based learning (CBL) and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) education concept in the training of nursing student's clinical thinking.DesignA randomized experimental design with non‐equivalent group pretest–posttest.MethodsParticipants were requested to participant in either of the two programmes: traditional education programme as a control group or CBL combined with STEM education concept (the STEM group). Questionnaires of critical thinking, self‐directed learning, self‐efficacy were administered before and after the experiment.ResultsDifferences between the STEM group and control group were observed in critical thinking, self‐directed learning, self‐efficacy and career choice over one semester. Accordingly, CBL combined with STEM education concept enhanced the nursing student's clinical thinking.
Versatile in vitro assay to recognize Cas9‐induced mutations
Authors: Bente Heinrich , Mittelsten Scheid Ortrun , Donà Mattia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized molecular biology, and its impact on plant biotechnology and plant breeding cannot be over‐estimated. In many plant species, its application for mutagenesis is now a routine procedure––if suitable target sites, sufficient expression of the Cas9 protein, and functioning sgRNAs are combined. sgRNAs differ in their efficiency, depending on parameters that are only poorly understood. Several software tools and experience from growing databases are supporting the design of sgRNAs, but some seemingly perfect sgRNAs turn out to be inefficient or fail entirely, and most data bases stem from work with mammalian cells. Different in vitro assays testing sgRNAs in reconstituted Cas9 complexes are available and useful to reduce the risk of failure, especially in plants when CRISPR/Cas9 application requires modifications within the germ line and laborious transformation protocols. Low sgRNA efficiency and long generation times in plants can also contribute to the workload and costs of screening for the wanted genome edits. Here, we present a protocol in which a simple, initial in vitro test for suitable sgRNAs is modified to accelerate genotyping of Cas9‐induced mutations. We demonstrate applicability of our protocol for mutagenesis and mutation screen for specific genes in Arabidopsis, but the principle should be universally suitable to provide a simple, low‐cost, and rapid method to identify edited genes also in other plants and other organisms.
An overview of boron nitride based polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Joy Jomon , George Elssa , Haritha Prakashan , Thomas Sabu , Anas Saithalavi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, boron nitride (BN) based materials have received significant attention in both academic and industrial sectors due to its interesting properties like large energy band gap, good resistance to oxidation, excellent thermal conductivity, thermal stability, chemical inertness, significant mechanical property and widespread applications. This review article deals with the preparation and properties of boron nitride and its nanocomposites with various polymers. Diverse polymers have been explored for the preparation of boron nitride filled polymer nanocomposites by adopting different mixing methods. Properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites mainly depend up on filler size and dispersion, mixing conditions and type of interaction between polymer matrix and the filler. Herein, the structure, preparation and properties of various boron nitride based polymer nanocomposites are reviewed in detail along with a brief overview of different classes of BN nanomaterials.
Molecules from nature: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and global healthcare imperatives for sustainable use of medicinal plants and fungi
Authors: Howes Melanie‐Jayne R. , Quave Cassandra L. , Collemare Jérôme , Tatsis Evangelos C. , Twilley Danielle , Lulekal Ermias , Farlow Andrew , Li Liping , Cazar María‐Elena , Leaman Danna J. , Prescott Thomas A. K. , Milliken William , Martin Cathie , De Canha Marco Nuno , Lall Namrita , Qin Haining , Walker Barnaby E. , Vásquez‐Londoño Carlos , Allkin Bob , Rivers Malin , Simmonds Monique S. J. , Bell Elizabeth , Battison Alex , Felix Juri , Forest Felix , Leon Christine , Williams China , Nic Lughadha Eimear 
Published: September 2020

Societal Impact StatementPlants and fungi have provided, or inspired, key pharmaceuticals for global health challenges, including cancer, heart disease, dementia, and malaria, and are valued as traditional medicines worldwide. Global demand for medicinal plants and fungi has threatened certain species, contributing to biodiversity loss and depletion of natural resources that are important for the health of humanity. We consider the evolving role of plants and fungi in global healthcare as new challenges to human health and to biodiversity arise. We present current and emerging scientific approaches, to uncover and preserve nature‐based health solutions for the future, through harmonization with biodiversity conservation strategies.SummaryNon‐communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, are the main causes of deaths globally, and communicable diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis affect billions of people. Plants and fungi have provided key pharmaceuticals in our armory against these global health challenges, while in some regions of the world, they continue to have a central role in healthcare systems as traditional medicines. Consequently, global demand for plants and fungi in healthcare has threatened certain medicinal species, and is a driving factor in biodiversity loss. Yet the future of therapeutics from nature is evolving. Scientific advances are enabling the untapped potential of the world's plants and fungi to be explored for their medicinal value, and to reveal other roles they may have for improving health and well‐being; this demonstrates the value of natural capital as an incentive for biodiversity conservation. Emerging technologies also offer new hope for safeguarding essential medicines for the future, by revealing more sustainable solutions for sourcing key natural products. This review discusses recent developments and future approaches for the discovery of natural products as medicines, for health and well‐being, and strategies to harmonize the therapeutic use of biodiversity with its proactive conservation through nature‐based solutions.
Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture
Authors: Ulian Tiziana , Diazgranados Mauricio , Pironon Samuel , Padulosi Stefano , Liu Udayangani , Davies Lee , Howes Melanie‐Jayne R. , Borrell James S. , Ondo Ian , Pérez‐Escobar Oscar A. , Sharrock Suzanne , Ryan Philippa , Hunter Danny , Lee Mark A. , Barstow Charles , Łuczaj Łukasz , Pieroni Andrea , Cámara‐Leret Rodrigo , Noorani Arshiya , Mba Chikelu , Nono Womdim Rémi , Muminjanov Hafiz , Antonelli Alexandre , Pritchard Hugh W. , Mattana Efisio 
Published: September 2020

Societal Impact StatementBiodiversity is essential to food security and nutrition locally and globally. By reviewing the global state of edible plants and highlighting key neglected and underutilized species (NUS), we attempt to unlock plant food resources and explore the role of fungi, which along with the wealth of traditional knowledge about their uses and practices, could help support sustainable agriculture while ensuring better protection of the environment and the continued delivery of its ecosystem services. This work will inform a wide range of user communities, including scientists, conservation and development organizations, policymakers, and the public of the importance of biodiversity beyond mainstream crops.SummaryAs the world's population is increasing, humanity is facing both shortages (hunger) and excesses (obesity) of calorie and nutrient intakes. Biodiversity is fundamental to addressing this double challenge, which involves a far better understanding of the global state of food resources. Current estimates suggest that there are at least 7,039 edible plant species, in a broad taxonomic sense, which includes 7,014 vascular plants. This is in striking contrast to the small handful of food crops that provide the majority of humanity's calorie and nutrient intake. Most of these 7,039 edible species have additional uses, the most common being medicines (70%), materials (59%), and environmental uses (40%). Species of major food crops display centers of diversity, as previously proposed, while the rest of edible plants follow latitudinal distribution patterns similarly to the total plant diversity, with higher species richness at lower latitudes. The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List includes global conservation assessments for at least 30% of edible plants, with ca. 86% of them conserved ex situ. However, at least 11% of those species recorded are threatened. We highlight multipurpose NUS of plants from different regions of the world, which could be key for a more resilient, sustainable, biodiverse, and community participation‐driven new “green revolution.” Furthermore, we explore how fungi could diversify and increase the nutritional value of our diets. NUS, along with the wealth of traditional knowledge about their uses and practices, offer a largely untapped resource to support food security and sustainable agriculture. However, for these natural resources to be unlocked, enhanced collaboration among stakeholders is vital.
Evaluation of the novel coronavirus disease in Turkish children: Preliminary outcomes
Authors: Yılmaz Kamil , Gozupirinççioğlu Ayfer , Aktar Fesih , Akın Alper , Karabel Müsemma , Yolbas Ilyas , Uzel Veysiye Hulya , Şen Velat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease (Covid‐19) can progress with mild to moderate or self‐limiting clinical findings in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the disease features of Covid‐19 in Turkish children.MethodsChildren diagnosed by the method of real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction for Covid‐19 at the Dicle University Department of Pediatric, between April and June 2020, were evaluated. Hospital records were investigated retrospectively.ResultsOne hundred and five patients children with the mean age of 108.64 ± 65.61 months were enrolled in this study. The most common cause of transmission in pediatric patients was in contact with a family member diagnosed with COVID‐19 (n = 91, 86.7%). The most common admission complaints were dry cough (n = 17, 16.2%), fever (n = 16, 15.2%), lassitude and fatigue (n = 14, 13.3%) respectively. More than 95% of all children with Covid‐19 were asymptomatic, mild, or moderate cases. CRP was identified only independent factor associated with long duration of hospitalization.ConclusionThe results of this study show the effect of Covid‐19 on Turkish children. A clear understanding of the local epidemiology of corona virus infections and identification of risk factors are critical for the successful implementation of the prevention and control program.
Sampled‐data containment control for Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy multiagent systems with packet losses
Authors: Zhang Zhenxing , Dong Jiuxiang 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the sampled‐data containment control issue for nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with packet losses in the framework of Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model. In the process of designing fuzzy sampled‐data containment controller, a crucial factor, that is, asynchronous premise variables, is tackled via the proposed novel asynchronous premise rebuilding approach. Based on the fact that there may be packet losses in communication networks, the fuzzy sampled‐data MAS is concerned as a switched version with two subsystems. Then, in the light of average dwell‐time method and Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions of designing fuzzy sampled‐data containment controller are derived such that the states containment can be achieved for considered systems in spite of packet losses. Finally, both a numerical simulation and a Caltech multivehicle wireless test bed simulation are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
The impact of sustainability reporting quality on the value relevance of corporate sustainability performance
Authors: Jadoon Imran Abbas , Ali Akhter , Ayub Usman , Tahir Muhammad , Mumtaz Raheel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe value relevance of corporate sustainability performance (CSP) has been studied from different theoretical perspectives, yielding inconclusive evidence. Therefore, it is imperative to revisit corporate sustainability performance relevance for investors. This study explores the value relevance of corporate sustainability performance by studying the impact that the quality of sustainability reporting has on it. It employed the panel data of 247 firms from 2012 to 2016 for the best 30 green capital markets ranked by the Global Green Economy Index. The results indicated that investors value corporate sustainability performance (achieved through social, economic, and corporate governance dimensions only) and the quality of sustainability reporting. However, the environmental dimension of CSP lacks financial materiality for investors. Furthermore, the quality of sustainability reporting plays an instrumental role in the value relevance of the corporate governance dimension because it is perceived as an alternative corporate governance mechanism by investors. The findings are useful for practitioners, regulators, and other stakeholders interested in understanding the value relevance of corporate sustainability performance and quality of sustainability reporting.
Towards efficient federated learning‐based scheme in medical cyber‐physical systems for distributed data
Authors: Guo Kehua , Li Nan , Kang Jian , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn recent years, Cyber‐Physical Systems (CPS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have made good progress in the medical field. The medical CPS (MCPS) based on AI can realize the efficient and reasonable utilization of medical resources and improve the quality of medical process. However, current MCPS are still facing several challenges, and the privacy protection of medical data is one of the most critical challenges. Since medical data is stored in different hospitals, most studies collect data from decentralized hospitals to train a disease diagnosis model, which is not conducive to the privacy protection of patients. And in some existing solutions, it is also difficult for doctors to select the optimal model from multiple models in clinical diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme based on federated learning in MCPS for training disease diagnosis models from distributed medical image data. Our scheme is divided into three parts: the model provider, the server, and the consumer, and a detailed working process is designed for each part. This scheme can not only effectively solve the problem of privacy protection, but also solve the problem of model selection for doctors and save storage space. It can ensure that consumers automatically get a steadily improved disease diagnosis model. This scheme is performed on simulated distributed medical image datasets. The experimental results show the effectiveness and superiority of our scheme.
Climate, Fire Regime, Geomorphology, and Conspecifics Influence the Spatial Distribution of Chinook Salmon Redds
Authors: Jacobs Gregory R. , Thurow Russell F. , Buffington John M. , Isaak Daniel J. , Wenger Seth J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPacific salmon spawning and rearing habitats result from dynamic interactions among geomorphic processes, natural disturbances, and hydro‐climatological factors acting across a range of spatial and temporal scales. We used a 21‐year record of redd locations in a wilderness river network in central Idaho, USA, to examine which covariates best predict the spawning occurrence of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and how shifts under a changing climate might affect habitat availability. We quantified geomorphic characteristics (substrate size, channel slope, and valley confinement), climatic factors (stream temperature and summer discharge), wildfire, and conspecific abundance (as inferred by the number of redds) throughout the network. We then built and compared logistic regression models that estimated redd occurrence probability as a function of these covariates in 1‐km reaches throughout the network under current and projected climate change scenarios. Redd occurrence was strongly affected by nearly all of the covariates examined. The best models indicated that climate‐driven changes in redd occurrence probabilities will be relatively small but spatially heterogeneous, with warmer temperatures increasing occurrence probabilities in cold, high‐elevation reaches and decreasing probabilities in warm, low‐elevation reaches. Furthermore, positive effects of wildfire on redd occurrence may be more important than climate‐driven effects on stream temperature and summer discharge, although climate‐related changes in temperature and scour regime during the egg incubation period may influence survival to emergence. Our results identify where favorable spawning habitats are likely to exist under climate change, how future habitat distributions may differ from contemporary conditions, and where habitat conservation might be prioritized. Furthermore, the positive occurrence–abundance relationship we observed indicates that the study site is underseeded, and effective management actions are needed for increasing the recruitment of spawning adults to take advantage of available habitat.
Forward trijet production in p-p and p-Pb collisions at LHC
Authors: Bury Marcin , van Hameren Andreas , Kotko Piotr , Kutak Krzysztof 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe calculate various azimuthal angle distributions for three jets produced in the forward rapidity region with transverse momentapT>20 GeV in proton-proton (p-p) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at center of mass energy 5.02 TeV. We use the multiparton extension of the so-called small-xImproved Transverse Momentum Dependent factorization (ITMD). We study effects related to change from the standardkT-factorization to ITMD factorization as well as changes as one goes from p-p collision to p-Pb. We observe rather large differences in the distribution when we change the factorization approach, which allows to both improve the small-xTMD gluon distributions as well as validate and improve the factorization approach. We also see significant depletion of the nuclear modification ratio, indicating a possibility of searches for saturation effects using trijet final states in a more exclusive way than for dijets.
Tensor renormalization group approach to four-dimensional complex ϕ4 theory at finite density
Authors: Akiyama Shinichiro , Kadoh Daisuke , Kuramashi Yoshinobu , Yamashita Takumi , Yoshimura Yusuke 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Tensor network is an attractive approach to the field theory with negative sign problem. The complex ϕ4 theory at finite density is a test bed for numerical algorithms to verify their effectiveness. The model shows a characteristic feature called the Silver Blaze phenomenon associated with the sign problem in the large volume limit at low temperature. We analyze the four-dimensional model employing the anisotropic tensor renormalization group algorithm with a parallel computation. We find a clear signal of the Silver Blaze phenomenon on a large volume of V = 10244, which implies that the tensor network approach is effective even for four-dimensional field theory beyond two dimensions.
Introduction of CTA-index as Simplified Measuring Method for Thrombus Perviousness
Authors: Berndt Maria , Mück Fabian , Maegerlein Christian , Wunderlich Silke , Zimmer Claus , Wirth Stefan , Mönch Sebastian , Kaesmacher Johannes , Friedrich Benjamin , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Thrombus features on admission CT are useful imaging markers for clot characterization, stroke pathogenesis and outcome prediction. In this context, thrombus perviousness is a promising parameter, but reliable assessment in daily clinical practice is demanding. The aim of the present study was to evaluate an easy to assess measuring method for thrombus permeability at the time of admission.

Methods
The CTA-index, which measures relative thrombus attenuation on admission CTA, was compared to the known perviousness parameter in a cohort of 101 patients with large-vessel occlusions of the middle cerebral artery and correlated to clinical outcome parameters (mRS after 90 days, ≤2 rated as favorable). For validation, this correlation was tested in a second independent cohort (n = 87), and possible associations between the CTA-index and outcome measurements (NIHSS/mRS/mTICI) were assessed.

Results
In the first cohort a coherence between conventional perviousness measurements and the CTA-index was shown. The CTA-index differed significantly between favorable (−0.55 ± 0.16) and non-favorable outcomes (−0.64 ± 0.14, p = 0.01). In the validation cohort this result could be independently reproduced (−0.52 ± 0.13/−0.70 ± 0.09, p < 0.01). The CTA-index showed an association with low NIHSS at discharge (p < 0.01), favorable outcome after 90 days (p < 0.001) and with better reperfusion (measured by mTICI score, p = 0.04).

Conclusion
The CTA-index is an easy to assess imaging parameter on admission CTA in the acute stroke phase and is associated with angiographic and clinical outcome. It can be considered as a simplified measuring method for thrombus perviousness, which is known to provide useful information for further stroke progress and clinical course as well as therapeutic and rehabilitative decisions.