bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An update of molecular findings in uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor and GREB1‐rearranged uterine sarcoma with variable sex‐cord differentiation
Authors: Kao Yu‐Chien , Lee Jen‐Chieh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a uterine mesenchymal tumor defined histologically by showing sex cord‐like growth patterns, such as sheets, nests, trabeculae, cords, or tubules, with/without Sertoli‐like or Leydig‐like components, and immunohistochemically by exhibiting variable sex cord markers in addition to epithelial, myogenic, and sex hormone markers. Recent years have seen the emergence in UTROSCT of novel fusion genes that involve key genes in sex hormone pathways, including ESR1 and GREB1 as the 5′ partner, and (co)activator oncogenes, particularly NCOA1‐3, as the 3′ partner. While the identification of similar fusions in the majority of cases serves as a strong argument for UTROSCT to be a distinct entity, there is no denying significant clinicopathologic heterogeneity within the disease spectrum, which might to some extent correlate with the different fusion types. The current review gives a summary of the recently identified fusions in UTROSCT, along with their possible clinicopathologic relevance. Also discussed are unsolved issues including the relationship between UTROSCT and so‐called GREB1‐rearranged uterine sarcoma as well as other uterine mesenchymal tumors harboring similar fusions.
NTRK and other recently described kinase fusion positive uterine sarcomas: A review of a group of rare neoplasms
Authors: Croce Sabrina , Hostein Isabelle , McCluggage W Glenn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe landscape of uterine sarcomas has greatly expanded in recent years to include neoplasms with recurrent gene fusions, such as BCOR and YWHAE translocated high‐grade endometrial stromal sarcomas. Sophisticated molecular techniques have also resulted in the description of “new” entities associated with recurrent kinase fusions involving NTRK and RET as well as COL1A1‐PDGFB rearranged uterine sarcomas. These rare neoplasms will be discussed in this review, highlighting that some of the underlying molecular events are clinically actionable and potentially susceptible to targeted therapy. While relatively few of these neoplasms have been described to date, likely being previously lumped under the spectrum of undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, the number of cases will expand in the future given their recognition and the increasing availability of molecular testing. These neoplasms have overlapping morphology (often with a “fibrosarcoma‐like” appearance) and immunohistochemical features, and are characterized by variable clinical outcomes. Although immunohistochemistry may assist in some cases, a definitive subclassification requires confirmatory molecular studies. As these molecular assays may not be routinely available in most laboratories, referral to reference centers may be needed. In order to assist the pathologist, we suggest a diagnostic algorithm for routine practice when dealing with a malignant or potentially malignant uterine spindle cell neoplasm.
Inheritance tax, shareholder protection, and the market value of family firms: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Ortiz Marcelo , Carney Michael , Duran Patricio , Braun Matias , Riutort Julio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine the relationship among inheritance taxes, shareholder protection, and the family firms' market value. Drawing on the family firm, corporate governance, and institutional complementarities literature, we argue that inheritance taxes act as external corporate governance mechanisms for decoupling business families' socioemotional goals. However, this depends upon minority investor protections. In strong protection countries, the incentives for family self‐governance created by high inheritance taxes are offset by the loss of business family autonomy inherent in strong shareholder protection. Using a sample of 284 firms across 31 countries, we provide support for these arguments. Results suggest that inheritance and shareholder protection laws are substitutive external corporate governance mechanisms to align business family and nonfamily shareholders' interests.Managerial SummaryWe investigate how inheritance taxes and shareholder protection laws interact to generate several outcomes that can benefit or harm family firms' market value. We argue that high rates of inheritance taxes in a country push business families to focus more on firm value maximization and less on pursuing family‐centric goals, thus increasing firm value. However, we further argue that the positive role of inheritance taxes on family firms' market value weakens when the country also exhibits strong shareholder protection laws. Therefore, inheritance and shareholder protection laws substitute for one another when they intersect in business families. We find evidence consistent with these ideas when examining a sample of publicly traded firms across 31 countries. Our results corroborate that policymakers' concerns regarding the protection of minority shareholders must not consider only investor protection laws, but also how investor protection interact with other institutions such as inheritance law.
Diagnostic strategy for trigger identification in severe reactive hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Tudesq Jean‐Jacques , Valade Sandrine , Galicier Lionel , Zafrani Lara , Boutboul David , de Bazelaire Cédric , Munoz‐Bongrand Nicolas , Canet Emmanuel , Ardisson Fanny , Lemiale Virginie , Darmon Michael , Azoulay Elie , Mariotte Eric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReactive hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (rHLH) management requires early recognition, trigger identification, and adequate treatment in order to reduce mortality. We assessed the diagnostic yield of tissue biopsies to identify trigger in severe rHLH. We included all consecutive patients presenting an rHLH diagnosis (HLH‐2004 criteria) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital. This retrospective diagnostic accuracy study was conducted according to the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Statement. Among the 134 included patients (median age 47 years [IQR 47–56]), an underlying immunodeficiency was previously known in 61.2%. rHLH trigger was identified in 127 patients (94.8%) (hematological disorder 75%, infection 16%, systemic disease 4%). Diagnostic yield of tissue biopsies was as follows: lymph node 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61–85), skin 50% (95% CI, 27–73), bone marrow 44% (95% CI, 34–55), liver 30% (95% CI, 15–49). Splenectomy (yield 77%; 95% CI, 46–95) was reserved to cases of diagnostic deadlock. Procedural severe adverse events included two cases of reversible hemorrhagic shock. Seventy‐eight percent of patients received etoposide regarding to the rHLH severity, and 68% could receive trigger‐specific treatment in the ICU. A comprehensive diagnostic workup led to an rHLH trigger identification in 95% of patients, allowing prompt initiation of appropriate therapy. Prospective studies to validate a standardized diagnostic approach are warranted.
Breast cancer among Asian Indian and Pakistani Americans: A surveillance, epidemiology and end results‐based study
Authors: Satagopan Jaya M. , Stroup Antoinette , Kinney Anita Y. , Dharamdasani Tina , Ganesan Shridar , Bandera Elisa V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBreast cancer incidence is increasing among Asian Indian and Pakistani women living in the United States. We examined the characteristics of breast cancer in Asian Indian and Pakistani American (AIPA) and non‐Hispanic white (NHW) women using data from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) program. Breast cancer incidence rates were estimated via segmented Poisson regression using data between 1990 and 2014 from SEER 9 registries, including New Jersey and California. Disease characteristics, treatment and survival information between 2000 and 2016 for 4900 AIPA and 482 250 NHW cases diagnosed after age 18 were obtained from SEER 18 registries and compared using descriptive analyses and multivariable competing risk proportional hazards regression. Breast cancer incidence was lower in AIPA than NHW women, increased with age and the rate of increase declined after age of 46 years. AIPA women were diagnosed at significantly younger age (mean (SD) = 54.5 (13.3) years) than NHW women (mean (SD) = 62 (14) years, P < .0001) and were more likely than NHW cases (P < .0001) to have regional or distant stage, higher grade, estrogen receptor‐negative, progesterone receptor‐negative, triple‐negative or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐enriched tumors, subcutaneous or total mastectomy, and lower cumulative incidence of death due to breast cancer (hazard ratio = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72‐0.86, P < .0001). AIPA had shorter median follow‐up (52 months) than NHW cases (77 months). Breast cancer in AIPA women has unique characteristics that need to be further studied along with a comprehensive evaluation of their follow‐up patterns.
Management of gestational diabetes in women with a concurrent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, experience of a single center in Northern Italy
Authors: D’Ambrosi Francesco , Rossi Gabriele , Soldavini Chiara Maria , Maggi Valeria , Cetera Giulia Emily , Carbone Ilma Floriana , Di Martino Daniela , Di Maso Matteo , Ferrazzi Enrico 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn this study we describe the management of women with gestational diabetes (GD) and an ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) can further complicate pregnancies, and if the protocol we usually use for GD pregnancies is also applicable to patients who have contracted a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsThis is a retrospective study analyzing all pregnant women with GD and concomitant COVID‐19 admitted to our institution for antenatal care between March 1 and April 30, 2020.ResultsAmong pregnant women with GD and a concomitant SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, the mean age was 32.9 (SD 5.6) years. Two patients (33%) were of white racial origin and four (67%) were of non‐white racial origin. All patients were diagnosed with COVID‐19 during the third trimester of pregnancy. Two women were asymptomatic and four were symptomatic. Only two (33.3%) women received treatment with insulin. None of the patients required intensive care or mechanical ventilation. No complications were found among the neonates.ConclusionCOVID‐19 was not found to worsen the prognosis of patients with GD or of their offspring. Glycemic monitoring, diet therapy, and insulin, when needed, are sufficient for good metabolic control and favorable maternal and fetal outcomes.
False‐positive 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine scan in a patient with renal cell carcinoma: A case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma oncocytic variant with a complicated clinical course
Authors: Suyama Takahito , Kanesaka Manato , Fujimoto Ayumi , Otsuka Kotaro , Hou Kyokushin , Araki Kazuhiro , Masuda Hiroshi , Kojima Satoko , Yamazaki Kazuto , Naya Yukio 
Published: October 2020

Introduction123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine scanning has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of tumors derived from sympathetic nerves or the adrenal medulla. We report the rare case of a 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine false‐positive renal cell carcinoma.Case presentationThe patient was referred to our hospital with an incidental left renal mass during evaluation for hypertension. An ovarian tumor and prominent ascites were also observed. Serum and urine catecholamine levels were high to suspect a catecholamine‐producing tumor of the kidney. 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy showed increased 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine intake in the tumor. Laparoscopic radical left nephrectomy was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was an oncocytic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. No pheochromocytoma features were found.ConclusionWe report the first case of a 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine false‐positive renal cell carcinoma. This case was diagnosed with primary aldosteronism and Meigs’ syndrome, which made the clinical course more complicated.
High‐intensity focused ultrasound ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization improves long‐term efficacy and prognosis of primary liver cancer
Authors: Sun Meng , Shang Pengyan , Bai Jiangtao , Li Shanfeng , Li Meng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the clinical efficacy of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC) and its effect on the prognosis of patients.MethodsA total of 132 patients with PLC admitted to our hospital were selected for the study, among whom 68 patients received TACE combined with HIUF and were assigned to the observation group (OG), whereas the remaining 54 patients were treated with TACE alone and were assigned to the control group (CG). The factors influencing the patients’ prognosis were also evaluated by multivariate analysis.ResultsThe total effective rate of the OG was 83.82%, which was significantly higher than that of 55.56% of the CG (P < .05). No significant difference was found in incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > .05). After treatment, the increases of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, and NK cells in the OG were more significant than those in the CG (P < .05). However, the decrease of CD8+ cells was more significant in the OG than that in the CG (P < .05). The 3‐year survival rate of patients in the OG was 61.76%, which was significantly higher than that of 40.74% in the CG (P < .05).ConclusionThe application of TACE combined with HIFU is effective in treating PLC, which can prolong the life expectancy and improve the prognosis of patients with PLC without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.
A continuous method for arsenic removal from groundwater using hybrid biopolymer‐iron‐nanoaggregates: improvement through factorial designs
Authors: Batistelli Marianela , Mora Bárbara P , Mangiameli Florencia , Mamana Nadia , Lopez Gerardo , Goddio María F , Bellú Sebastián , González Juan C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to a variety of toxicological problems, the presence of As(V) in aquifers is a significant concern. Sorption using chitosan doped with iron nanoaggregates results in a green and cheap methodology for its elimination.RESULTSThe hybrid sorbent was characterized by SEM, EDS, TGA, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. Its stability against pH and time was determined by ICP‐MS, while conventional analytical techniques verified its Fe content. The sum of an individual As(V) removal capacity by chitosan and iron nanoaggregates was smaller than that of the hybrid sorbent, indicating the existence of synergy.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates the great capacity of the hybrid sorbent to eliminate As(V) working with a continuous system (columns). The additional use of a factorial design allows for determining of optimal operating values to optimize two responses. In other words, in this multi‐response system, column service time (tb) was minimized and, at the same time, it maximized the volumes of purified water obtained ([As(V)] <0.05 m L−1) using desirability function. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Recent advances on the synthesis of flavans, isoflavans, and neoflavans
Authors: Chinnabattigalla Sreenivasulu , Dakoju Ravi Kishore , Gedu Satyanarayana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds are the omnipresent structural cores comprising many natural and pharmaceutical products of biological significance. Significantly, heterocyclic compounds are widely distributed in nature, and also have applications in agrochemicals, sanitizers, as dyestuff, as copolymers, etc. Among heterocyles, flavonoids are a class of compounds that are highly interesting and constitute many natural products. In general, all flavanoids contains a basic core of C6‐C3‐C6 of phenyl‐benzopyran backbone. The relative placement of the phenyl group on to the benzopyran core makes further classification into flavanoids, isoflavanoids and neoflavanoids. Flavans (2‐aryl chroman) are subclass of anthoxanthanes exhibits a broad spectrum of biological properties such as anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, and anti‐malarial properties. Some representative naturally occurring products possessing flavan core are apigenin, luteolin, tangeretin, scutellarein, etc. On the other hand, some of the notable isoflavan‐based natural products are glabridin and (S)‐(−)‐equol. Glabridin is isolated from Licorice roots, which regulates paraoxonase (PON2) levels. While the simple isoflavan (S)‐(−)‐equol, is produced from soy isoflavone intake. Also, natural products such as dalbergichromene, centchroman, and (+)‐myristinin A possess neoflavan (4‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐chromenes) core structure. Owing to their broad biological and pharmacological properties, synthetic chemists are fascinated in developing new routes toward their synthesis. As a result, a decent number of reports have been established in the literature. Thus, for the past 5 years of time frame, many new methodologies have been witnessed, for the synthesis of various flavan systems. This review emphasizes most of the significant methods on accomplishing flavans, isoflavans and neoflavans and also focused on their applications to the synthesis of relevant natural as well as biologically active products.
Current progress with mammalian models of mitochondrialDNAdisease
Authors: Stewart James Bruce 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMitochondrial disorders make up a large class of heritable diseases that cause a broad array of different human pathologies. They can affect many different organ systems, or display very specific tissue presentation, and can lead to illness either in childhood or later in life. While the over 1200 genes encoded in the nuclear DNA play an important role in human mitochondrial disease, it has been known for over 30 years that mutations of the mitochondria's own small, multicopy DNA chromosome (mtDNA) can lead to heritable human diseases. Unfortunately, animal mtDNA has resisted transgenic and directed genome editing technologies until quite recently. As such, animal models to aid in our understanding of these diseases, and to explore preclinical therapeutic research have been quite rare. This review will discuss the unusual properties of animal mitochondria that have hindered the generation of animal models. It will also discuss the existing mammalian models of human mtDNA disease, describe the methods employed in their generation, and will discuss recent advances in the targeting of DNA‐manipulating enzymes to the mitochondria and how these may be employed to generate new models.
Gender inequality in academia: Problems and solutions for women faculty in STEM
Authors: Casad Bettina J. , Franks Jillian E. , Garasky Christina E. , Kittleman Melinda M. , Roesler Alanna C. , Hall Deidre Y. , Petzel Zachary W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecently there is widespread interest in women's underrepresentation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM); however, progress toward gender equality in these fields is slow. More alarmingly, these gender disparities worsen when examining women's representation within STEM departments in academia. While the number of women receiving postgraduate degrees has increased in recent years, the number of women in STEM faculty positions remains largely unchanged. One explanation for this lack of progress toward gender parity is negative and pervasive gender stereotypes, which may facilitate hiring discrimination and reduce opportunities for women's career advancement. Women in STEM also have lower social capital (e.g., support networks), limiting women's opportunities to earn tenure and learn about grant funding mechanisms. Women faculty in STEM may also perceive their academic climate as unwelcoming and threatening, and report hostility and uncomfortable tensions in their work environments, such as sexual harassment and discrimination. Merely the presence of gender‐biased cues in physical spaces targeted toward men (e.g., “geeky” décor) can foster a sense of not belonging in STEM. We describe the following three factors that likely contribute to gender inequalities and women's departure from academic STEM fields: (a) numeric underrepresentation and stereotypes, (b) lack of supportive social networks, and (c) chilly academic climates. We discuss potential solutions for these problems, focusing on National Science Foundation‐funded ADVANCE organizational change interventions that target (a) recruiting diverse applicants (e.g., training search committees), (b) mentoring, networking, and professional development (e.g., promoting women faculty networks); and (c) improving academic climate (e.g., educating male faculty on gender bias).
Divergent membrane properties of mouse cochlear glial cells around hearing onset
Authors: Smith Katie E. , Murphy Phoebe , Jagger Daniel J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are the primary afferent neurons of the auditory system, and together with their attendant glia, form the auditory nerve. Within the cochlea, satellite glial cells (SGCs) encapsulate the cell body of SGNs, whereas Schwann cells (SCs) wrap their peripherally‐ and centrally‐directed neurites. Despite their likely importance in auditory nerve function and homeostasis, the physiological properties of auditory glial cells have evaded description. Here, we characterized the voltage‐activated membrane currents of glial cells from the mouse cochlea. We identified a prominent weak inwardly rectifying current in SGCs within cochlear slice preparations (postnatal day P5‐P6), which was also present in presumptive SGCs within dissociated cultures prepared from the cochleae of hearing mice (P14‐P15). Pharmacological block by Ba2+ and desipramine suggested that channels belonging to the Kir4 family mediated the weak inwardly rectifying current, and post hoc immunofluorescence implicated the involvement of Kir4.1 subunits. Additional electrophysiological profiles were identified for glial cells within dissociated cultures, suggesting that glial subtypes may have specific membrane properties to support distinct physiological roles. Immunofluorescence using fixed cochlear sections revealed that although Kir4.1 is restricted to SGCs after the onset of hearing, these channels are more widely distributed within the glial population earlier in postnatal development (i.e., within both SGCs and SCs). The decrease in Kir4.1 immunofluorescence during SC maturation was coincident with a reduction of Sox2 expression and advancing neurite myelination. The data suggest a diversification of glial properties occurs in preparation for sound‐driven activity in the auditory nerve.