bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes, Characidae) from the upper Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with comments on morphological similarities with Stethaprioninae species from headwater environments
Authors: Teixeira Tulio F. , Dutra Guilherme M. , Penido Iago S. , dos Santos Sérgio A. , Pessali Tiago C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA new species of Hyphessobrycon is described from a marshland area in the headwaters of Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species differs from congeners by presenting a single well‐delimited conspicuous humeral blotch, rounded to vertically oval, restricted to the area dorsal to the lateral‐line row of scales, without a narrower downward extension, greatest body depth anterior to dorsal‐fin origin, bony processes in anal and pectoral‐fin rays of males and four teeth in the inner row of the premaxillary bone. The new species presents a set of morphological features shared by some species currently assigned to Hasemania, Myxiops and to the Astyanax scabripinnis complex. Some of these features are discussed.
Comparison between conventional and computerised methods in the assessment of an occlusal scheme
Authors: Dias Ricardo António Bernardo , Rodrigues Maria João Pascoal , Messias Ana Lúcia , Guerra Fernando Alberto Deométrio Alves , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeIn the definition of an occlusal scheme, clinicians should choose between conventional and computerised methods based on a careful appraise of the advantages and limitations. This study aims to assess the correlation between the two approaches in a clinical setting.MethodsTwenty‐four patients were included to compare different methods of occlusal contacts assessment on the posterior surfaces of flat mandibular appliances. In supine position, they were asked to clench with maximum strength, in the maximum intercuspation position with a 24 μm articulating paper positioned between the teeth and the appliance surface. An extra‐oral photograph of the marks was taken (total N = 2082). They were visually classified based on a pre‐defined scale (ie, conventional assessment) and with ImageJ analysis software (ie, photographic software assessment). Additionally, a computerised occlusal analysis was performed (ie, computerised assessment). Correlation analysis of the data achieved with conventional, photographic and computerised assessments was performed.ResultsCorrelation between conventional and computerised assessments was weak (r = .265), whilst it was moderate between conventional and photographic assessments (r = .633), as well as between photographic and computerised assessments (r = .476).ConclusionsThis investigation showed a weak‐to‐moderate correlation between different methods (ie, conventional, photographic and computerised) to assess occlusal marks. None of the three can actually be considered the standard of reference, but based on their specific features, it can bet suggested that the conventional method may be enough for most clinical purposes, unless otherwise proven.
Evaluation of hyoid movement during swallowing using a bend sensor
Authors: Murakami Kazuhiro , Minagi Yoshitomo , Hori Kazuhiro , Uehara Fumiko , Salazar Simonne E. , Inoue Makoto , Maeda Yoshinobu , Ikebe Kazunori , Ono Takahiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundMovement of the hyoid and laryngeal complex is critical for preventing aspiration, as well as smooth bolus passage through the pharynx. We have developed a non‐invasive system for measuring laryngeal movement during swallowing with a bend sensor and have already reported the time coordination between the signal waveform from the sensor and hyoid movement.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify the quantitative association between the output value of the sensor and hyoid movement during swallowing.MethodsA small bend sensor was fixed on the skin surface along the midline of the neck of 13 healthy men (mean age, 30.8 ± 4.5 years). Laryngeal and hyoid movements during swallowing of 5 mL of water were recorded synchronously by the bend sensor and videofluorography. The relationship between the bend sensor output value (LM value) and hyoid position (x‐ and y‐axis displacements) by videofluorography from the onset to the offset of the signal waveform was analysed for all tasks and for each task using Pearson's correlation coefficients.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between the LM value and hyoid position for all tasks (x‐axis displacement: r = .647, y‐axis displacement: r = .233). In particular, there was a moderate to high correlation between the LM value and x‐axis displacement for each task (.453 ≤ r ≤ .934).ConclusionThe LM value can be a quantitative parameter of anterior hyoid movement during swallowing that might be associated with bolus flow and upper oesophageal sphincter opening.
Are awe‐prone people more curious? The relationship between dispositional awe, curiosity, and academic outcomes
Authors: Anderson Craig L. , Dixson Dante D. , Monroy Maria , Keltner Dacher 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveGuided by a functional account of awe, we aimed to test the hypothesis that people who often feel awe are also more curious (Studies 1 and 2), and that this relationship in turn relates to academic outcomes (Study 3).MethodIn Study 1 (n = 1,005), we used a self‐report approach to test the relationship between dispositional awe and curiosity. In Study 2 (n = 100), we used a peer‐report approach to test if participants’ dispositional awe related to how curious they were rated by their friends. In Study 3, in a sample of 447 high school adolescents we tested if dispositional awe related to academic outcomes via curiosity.ResultsWe found that dispositional awe was positively related to people's self‐rated curiosity (Study 1) and how curious they were rated by their friends (Study 2). In Study 3, we found that dispositional awe was related to academic outcomes via curiosity.ConclusionsWe conclude that among the seven positive emotion dispositions tested, awe was related to unique variance in curiosity, and this link in turn predicted academic outcomes. This work further characterizes awe as an epistemic emotion and suggests that activities that inspire awe may improve academic outcomes.
Job Reallocation Dynamics in India: Evidence from Large Manufacturing Plants
Authors: Neog Bhaskar Jyoti , Sahoo Bimal Kishore 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper contributes to the limited literature on job reallocation dynamics in Indian manufacturing. The study uses annual data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for the years 2000–01 to 2015–16. The study finds job reallocation in India to be quite high compared to flexible labour markets such as the United States and Canada. Gross job reallocation shows a rising trend over time, which is driven partially by the increasing share of contract workers in the workforce. There is heterogeneity in the job reallocation dynamics across job types. This is evident in the relative importance of the different job types as plants adjust to permanent and temporary changes in demand. Labour regulations also play an important role in such a process. Finally, in contrast to the evidence for the United States and the United Kingdom, our study found firm evidence to reject the hypothesis that job reallocation is countercyclical in India.
Pharmacotherapy in relieving the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome: A 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Paudel Durga , Utsunomiya Masafumi , Yoshida Koki , Giri Sarita , Uehara Osamu , Matsuoka Hirofumi , Chiba Itsuo , Toyofuku Akira , Abiko Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic intraoral burning sensation with no identifiable causes. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of treatment strategy using ethyl loflazepate monotherapy or in combination with milnacipran or amitriptyline.MethodA hospital‐based, retrospective study was conducted in 86 patients. The patients were divided into remission group and non‐remission group. The remission group comprised patients who were satisfied with their pain relief within a year of treatment initiation and did not require any follow‐up treatment. The treatment was considered effective if the patient got remission within 1 year or was able to reduce the visual analogue scale (VAS) score to <20, in the absence of remission.ResultsThe treatment strategy was effective in 76.7% of the patients. Significant reductions (p < .05) in VAS scores from 73.5 ± 14.2 at first visit to 14.7 ± 8.7 at last visit in the remission group, and from 79.7 ± 14.3 at first visit to 33.4 ± 23.7 after 1 year of treatment in the non‐remission group were noted.ConclusionThe treatment strategy using ethyl loflazepate monotherapy or in combination with milnacipran or amitriptyline can be very effective in reducing pain in BMS patients.
Secret Cold Warriors
Authors: Snyder Robert Lance 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHarking back to The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), John le Carré’s A Legacy of Spies (2017) reexamines the covert sphere’s code of expediency while also drawing attention to a generational chasm between the Cold War and the present era. Le Carré’s critique in Legacy focuses on retired agent Peter Guillam, once George Smiley’s protégé, who in his eighties is forced to recognize while poring over files half a century old his complicity in a regime of state‐sponsored secrecy. His failure to accept responsibility for his actions in the past significantly extends le Carré’s ethical concerns in such post‐Cold War novels as A Most Wanted Man (2008), Our Kind of Traitor (2010), and A Delicate Truth (2013). Like these narratives, Legacy revolves around the individual citizen’s obligation to speak truth to power in an age of raison d’état propaganda.
Engineering bacteriocin‐mediated resistance against the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Rooney William M. , Grinter Rhys W. , Correia Annapaula , Parkhill Julian , Walker Daniel C. , Milner Joel J. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThe plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae (Ps), together with related Ps species, infects and attacks a wide range of agronomically important crops, including tomato, kiwifruit, pepper, olive and soybean, causing economic losses. Currently, chemicals and introduced resistance genes are used to protect plants against these pathogens but have limited success and may have adverse environmental impacts. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop alternative strategies to combat bacterial disease in crops. One such strategy involves using narrow‐spectrum protein antibiotics (so‐called bacteriocins), which diverse bacteria use to compete against closely related species. Here, we demonstrate that one bacteriocin, putidacin L1 (PL1), can be expressed in an active form at high levels in Arabidopsis and in Nicotiana benthamiana in planta to provide effective resistance against diverse pathovars of Ps. Furthermore, we find that Ps strains that mutate to acquire tolerance to PL1 lose their O‐antigen, exhibit reduced motility and still cannot induce disease symptoms in PL1‐transgenic Arabidopsis. Our results provide proof‐of‐principle that the transgene‐mediated expression of a bacteriocin in planta can provide effective disease resistance to bacterial pathogens. Thus, the expression of bacteriocins in crops might offer an effective strategy for managing bacterial disease, in the same way that the genetic modification of crops to express insecticidal proteins has proven to be an extremely successful strategy for pest management. Crucially, nearly all genera of bacteria, including many plant pathogenic species, produce bacteriocins, providing an extensive source of these antimicrobial agents.
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: Emerging biomarkers in metastatic melanoma
Authors: LoRusso Patricia M. , Schalper Kurt , Sosman Jeffrey 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTargeted therapy directed against oncogenic BRAF mutations and immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed melanoma therapy over the past decade and prominently improved patient outcomes. However, not all patients will respond to targeted therapy or immunotherapy and many relapse after initially responding to treatment. This unmet need presents two major challenges. First, can we elucidate novel oncogenic drivers to provide new therapeutic targets? Second, can we identify patients who are most likely to respond to current therapeutic strategies in order to both more accurately select populations and avoid undue drug exposure in patients unlikely to respond? In an effort to evaluate the current state of the field with respect to these questions, we provide an overview of some common oncogenic mutations in patients with metastatic melanoma and ongoing efforts to therapeutically target these populations, as well as a discussion of biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors—including tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression and the future use of neoantigens as a means of truly personalized therapy. This information is becoming important in treatment decision making and provides the framework for a treatment algorithm based on the current landscape in metastatic melanoma.
A specialised pollination system using nectar‐seeking thynnine wasps in Caladenia nobilis (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Phillips R. D. , Bohman B. , Brown G. R. , Tomlinson S. , Peakall R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Caladenia is a diverse Australian genus that is exceptional among orchids in having both species pollinated by food‐seeking and sexually deceived insects. Here, we investigated the pollination of Caladenia nobilis, a species predicted to be food‐deceptive due to its large, cream‐coloured and apparently nectarless flowers.

Pollinator observations were made using experimental clumps of flowers. Measurements of floral colour were undertaken with a spectrometer, nectar was tested using GC‐MS, and reproductive success was quantified for 2 years.

While C. nobilis attracted nine species of insect, only males of the thynnine wasp Rhagigaster discrepans exhibited the correct size and behaviour to remove and deposit pollen. Male R. discrepans attempted to feed from the surface of the labellum, often crawling to multiple flowers, but showed no evidence of sexual attraction. Most flowers produced little or no nectar, although some may provide enough sucrose to act as a meagre reward to pollinators. Floral colouration was similar to a related Caladenia species pollinated by sexual deception, although the sexually deceptive species had a dull‐red labellum. Reproductive success was generally low and highly variable between sites and years.

In addition to most visitors being of inappropriate size for pollinia removal, the lack of response to the orchid by several co‐occurring species of thynnine wasp suggests filtering of potential pollinators at the attraction phase. Our discovery of a pollination strategy that may be intermediate between food deception and food reward raises the question, how many putatively rewardless orchids actually produce meagre amounts of nectar?
Organelle contacts: Sub‐organelle zones to facilitate rapid and accurate inter‐organelle trafficking of lipids
Authors: Hanada Kentaro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen one person wants to communicate securely with another, he/she should contact the other person directly. This rule applies not only to human society, but also to the intracellular micro‐society. In the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that the sub‐organelle regions called membrane contact sites (MCSs) are pivotal for inter‐organelle transport of lipids in cells, as highlighted in the thematic review series “Interorganelle trafficking of lipids” held in Traffic in 2014–2015. In this commentary, we will describe how the currently prevailing model for lipid trafficking at MCSs was generated, and comment on three important issues that have not been explored: (a1) the principles guiding the generation of an asymmetrical inter‐organelle flow of lipids in cells, (b2) the advantages in lipid trafficking at organelle contacts, and (c3) the dynamic network of inter‐organelle lipid trafficking.
Endogenous salivary citrate is associated with enhanced rheological properties following oral capsaicin stimulation
Authors: Gardner Alexander , So Po‐Wah , Carpenter Guy 
Published: November 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the relationships between physical properties of saliva, protein composition and metabolite composition?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Salivary citrate, one of the major endogenous metabolites in saliva, increased upon capsaicin stimulation and was associated with improved physical properties measured by extensional rheology. This suggests salivary gland citrate transporters might be a valuable area of future study.

AbstractSaliva displays viscoelastic properties which enable coating, lubrication and protection of the oral mucosa and hard tissues. Individuals lacking saliva or perceiving oral dryness can manage their symptoms using artificial saliva preparations, but these often fail to mimic the sensation and functionality of natural saliva. It is widely acknowledged that mucins (MUC7 and MUC5B) confer saliva's rheological properties, but artificial saliva containing purified mucins is still often an inadequate substitute. This work aimed to explore salivary components that influence salivary extensional rheology to better understand how natural saliva could be replicated. Saliva was stimulated via control and capsaicin solutions in healthy volunteers. Extensional rheology was analysed using a CaBER‐1 (capillary breakup) extensional rheometer. Protein composition, including mucins, was measured by gel‐electrophoresis band densitometry and metabolites were measured by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Capsaicin stimulation significantly increased capillary breakup time, extensional viscosity and the abundance of most major salivary proteins. Stimulation also increased salivary citrate and choline concentrations. Significant correlations were found between capillary breakup time and amylase (r = 0.67, P < 0.05), statherin (ρ = 0.66, P < 0.05) and citrate (ρ = 0.81, P < 0.01). The relationship between citrate and salivary rheology was subsequently investigated in vitro. These results suggest that citrate and non‐mucin proteins are stronger predictors of salivary rheology than the more often studied mucin glycoproteins. Potential mechanisms are discussed and future work in this area could help formulate more effective saliva substitutes, more closely resembling natural saliva.
Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of modern Andean rivers in Ecuador: Fingerprinting tectonic provinces and assessing downstream propagation of provenance signals
Authors: Jackson Lily J. , Horton Brian K. , Vallejo Cristian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecognizing detrital contributions from sediment source regions is fundamental to provenance studies of active and ancient orogenic settings. Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of unconsolidated sands from modern rivers that have source catchments with contrasting bedrock signatures provides insight into the fidelity of U-Pb age signatures in discriminating tectonic provenance and downstream propagation of environmental signals. We present 1705 new detrital zircon U-Pb ages for 15 samples of unconsolidated river sands from 12 modern rivers over a large spatial extent of Ecuador (∼1°N–5°S and ∼79°–77°W).Results show distinctive U-Pb age distributions with characteristic zircon age populations for various tectonic provinces along the Andean convergent margin, including the forearc, magmatic arc, and internal (hinterland) and external (foreland) segments of the fold-thrust belt. (1) Forearc and magmatic arc (Western Cordillera) river sands are characterized by Neogene–Quaternary age populations from magmatic sources. (2) Rivers in the hinterland (Eastern Cordillera) segment of the Andean fold-thrust belt have substantial populations of Proterozoic and Paleozoic ages, representing upper Paleozoic–Mesozoic sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of ultimate cratonic origin. (3) River sands in the frontal fold-thrust belt (Subandean Zone to Oriente Basin) show distinctive bimodal Jurassic age populations, a secondary Triassic population, and subordinate Early Cretaceous ages representative of Mesozoic plutonic and metamorphic bedrock.Detrital zircon U-Pb results from a single regional watershed (Rio Pastaza) spanning the magmatic arc to foreland basin show drastic downstream variations, including the downstream loss of magmatic arc and hinterland signatures and abrupt introduction and dominance of selected sources within the fold-thrust belt. Disproportionate contributions from Mesozoic crystalline metamorphic rocks, which form high-elevation, high-relief areas subject to focused precipitation and active tectonic deformation, are likely the product of focused erosion and high volumes of local sediment input from the frontal fold-thrust belt, leading to dilution of upstream signatures from the hinterland and magmatic arc.
Causal Inference for Genetically Determined Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Infectious Disease
Authors: Trinder Mark , Walley Keith R. , Boyd John H. , Brunham Liam R. 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (LDL-C) are inversely associated with infectious hospitalizations. Whether these represent causal relationships is unknown.

Approach and Results:

Adults of 40 to 69 years of age were recruited from across the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010 and followed until March 31, 2016, as part of the UK Biobank. We determined HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride polygenic scores for UK Biobank participants of British white ancestry (n=407 558). We examined the association of lipid levels and polygenic scores with infectious hospitalizations, antibiotic usage, and 28-day sepsis survival using Cox proportional hazards or logistic regression models. Measured levels of HDL-C and LDL-C were inversely associated with risk of infectious hospitalizations, while triglycerides displayed a positive association. A 1-mmol/L increase in genetically determined levels of HDL-C associated with a hazard ratio for infectious disease of 0.84 ([95% CI, 0.75–0.95];
P
=0.004). Mendelian randomization using genetic variants associated with HDL-C as an instrumental variable was consistent with a causal relationship between elevated HDL-C and reduced risk of infectious hospitalizations (inverse weighted variance method,
P
=0.001). Furthermore, of 3222 participants who experienced an index episode of sepsis, there was a significant inverse association between continuous HDL-C polygenic score and 28-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.14–0.96] per 1 mmol/L increase;
P
=0.04). LDL-C and triglyceride polygenic scores were not significantly associated with hospitalization for infection, antibiotic use, or sepsis mortality.

Conclusions:
Our results provide causal inference for an inverse relationship between HDL-C, but not LDL-C or triglycerides, and risk of an infectious hospitalization.