bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of venetoclax therapy in elderly patients with relapsed, refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Eyre Toby A. , Roeker Lindsey E. , Fox Christopher P. , Gohill Satyen H. , Walewska Renata , Walter Harriet S. , Forconi Francesco , Broom Angus , Arumainathan Arvind , Brander Danielle M. , Allan John N. , Schuster Stephen J. , Hill Brian T. , Lansigan Frederick , Cheson Bruce D. , Lamanna Nicole , Coombs Catherine C. , Barr Paul M. , Skarbnik Alan P. , Shadman Mazyar , Ujjani Chaitra S. , Pearson Laurie , Pagel John M. , Jacobs Ryan , Mato Anthony R. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryElderly chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients treated outside of trials have notably greater toxicity with the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib compared to younger patients. It is not known whether the same holds true for the B‐cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor venetoclax. We provide a comprehensive analysis of key safety measures and efficacy in 342 patients comparing age categories ≥75 and <75 years treated in the relapsed, refractory non‐trial setting. We demonstrate that venetoclax has equivalent efficacy and safety in relapsed/refractory CLL patients who are elderly, the majority of whom are previous ibrutinib‐exposed and therefore may otherwise have few clear therapeutic options.
Use of gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron‐emission tomography for detecting lymph node metastases in primary and recurrent prostate cancer and location of recurrence after radical prostatectomy: an overview of the current literature
Authors: Luiting Henk B. , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Busstra Martijn B. , Brabander Tessa , van der Poel Henk G. , Donswijk Maarten L. , Vis André N. , Emmett Louise , Stricker Phillip D. , Roobol Monique J. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo review the literature to determine the sensitivity and specificity of gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) positron‐emission tomography (PET) for detecting pelvic lymph node metastases in patients with primary prostate cancer (PCa), and the positive predictive value in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after initial curative treatment, and, in addition, to determine the detection rate and management impact of 68Ga‐PSMA PET in patients with BCR after radical prostatectomy (RP).Materials and MethodsWe performed a comprehensive literature search. Search terms used in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Science Direct were ‘(PSMA, 68Ga‐PSMA, 68Gallium‐PSMA, Ga‐68‐PSMA or prostate‐specific membrane antigen)’ and ‘(histology, lymph node, staging, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, recurrence, recurrent or detection)’. Relevant abstracts were reviewed and full‐text articles obtained where possible. References to and from obtained articles were searched to identify further relevant articles.ResultsNine retrospective and two prospective studies described the sensitivity and specificity of 68Ga‐PSMA PET for detecting pelvic lymph node metastases before initial treatment, which ranged from 33.3% to 100% and 80% to 100%, respectively. In eight retrospective studies, the positive predictive value of 68Ga‐PSMA PET in patients with BCR before salvage lymph node dissection ranged from 70% to 100%. The detection rate of 68Ga‐PSMA PET in patients with BCR after RP in the PSA subgroups <0.2 ng/mL, 0.2–0.49 ng/mL and 0.5 to <1.0 ng/mL ranged from 11.3% to 50.0%, 20.0% to 72.7% and 25.0% to 87.5%, respectively.ConclusionThe review results showed that 68Ga‐PSMA PET had a high specificity for the detection of pelvic lymph node metastases in primary PCa. Furthermore, 68Ga‐PSMA PET had a very high positive predictive value in detecting lymph node metastases in patients with BCR. By contrast, sensitivity was only moderate; therefore, based on the currently available literature, 68Ga‐PSMA PET cannot yet replace pelvic lymph node dissection to exclude lymph node metastases. In the salvage phase, 68Ga‐PSMA PET had both a high detection rate and impact on radiotherapy planning in early BCR after RP.
Microglia in neuropathology caused by protozoan parasites
Authors: Figarella Katherine , Wolburg Hartwig , Garaschuk Olga , Duszenko Michael 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTInvolvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is the most severe consequence of some parasitic infections. Protozoal infections comprise a group of diseases that together affect billions of people worldwide and, according to the World Health Organization, are responsible for more than 500000 deaths annually. They include African and American trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, and amoebiasis. Mechanisms underlying invasion of the brain parenchyma by protozoa are not well understood and may depend on parasite nature: a vascular invasion route is most common. Immunosuppression favors parasite invasion into the CNS and therefore the host immune response plays a pivotal role in the development of a neuropathology in these infectious diseases. In the brain, microglia are the resident immune cells active in defense against pathogens that target the CNS. Beside their direct role in innate immunity, they also play a principal role in coordinating the trafficking and recruitment of other immune cells from the periphery to the CNS. Despite their evident involvement in the neuropathology of protozoan infections, little attention has given to microglia–parasite interactions. This review describes the most prominent features of microglial cells and protozoan parasites and summarizes the most recent information regarding the reaction of microglial cells to parasitic infections. We highlight the involvement of the periphery–brain axis and emphasize possible scenarios for microglia–parasite interactions.
Identifying Liars Through Automatic Decoding of Children's Facial Expressions
Authors: Bruer Kaila C. , Zanette Sarah , Ding Xiao Pan , Lyon Thomas D. , Lee Kang 
Published: November 2019

This study explored whether children's (N = 158; 4‐ to 9 years old) nonverbal facial expressions can be used to identify when children are being deceptive. Using a computer vision program to automatically decode children's facial expressions according to the Facial Action Coding System, this study employed machine learning to determine whether facial expressions can be used to discriminate between children who concealed breaking a toy(liars) and those who did not break a toy(nonliars). Results found that, regardless of age or history of maltreatment, children's facial expressions could accurately (73%) be distinguished between liars and nonliars. Two emotions, surprise and fear, were more strongly expressed by liars than nonliars. These findings provide evidence to support the use of automatically coded facial expressions to detect children's deception.
Intraocular chemotherapy for vitreoretinal lymphoma: A review
Authors: Kvopka Michael , Lake Stewart R. , Smith Justine R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVitreoretinal lymphomas are rare ocular cancers, and the subset of primary central nervous system lymphomas that are based in the posterior eye. These tumours are challenging to treat, and today management generally involves a multispecialty team coordinating a treatment protocol that may include intraocular chemotherapy, ocular irradiation, systemic chemotherapy and/or autologous stem cell transplantation. The ophthalmologist has specific responsibility for the intraocular chemotherapy, which is delivered to the eye by intravitreal injection. The most commonly injected drugs are methotrexate—an anti‐metabolite—and rituximab—an anti‐human B cell monoclonal antibody. A range of intraocular chemotherapy treatment schedules have been described in the medical literature, although to date there have been no randomized clinical trials of these schedules. In this article, we review the development and current status of intraocular chemotherapy for vitreoretinal lymphoma.
Parental participation in child protection case conferences
Authors: Jackson Sharon , Kelly Lynn , Leslie Brian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChild protection case conferences (CPCCs) are a fundamental part of child protection processes within the United Kingdom. They provide a mechanism for professionals and families to share information, enter an assessment dialogue, and develop a plan for intervention and support. The participation of parents is a core feature of U.K. and Scottish CPCCs. This reflects an international trend that recognizes the rights of family members to participate in the decision‐making processes of child protection. This article reports on the analysis of 11 qualitative interviews with parents who had attended CPCCs in Scotland. The findings highlight that parents were profoundly affected by these meetings, which were experienced as distressing. Parents lacked clarity about the purposes of CPCCs and found the large number of professionals in attendance intimidating. The discursive practices and structural arrangements of CPCCs acted to privilege professional voices and marginalize the voices of parents. The findings of this study raise important questions about parental participation in CPCCs in the contemporary context of child protection practice.
Informal kin caregivers raising children left behind in rural China: Experiences' feelings' and support
Authors: Hu Yang , Burton Judith , Lonne Bob 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe well‐being of children in informal kinship care and their caregivers is a growing concern globally. This study explored the lived experiences of 23 kin caregivers raising children left behind in rural Northeast China while their migrant parents worked and lived in cities. The findings show that the expected authority and responsibility caregivers carry sometimes conflict with their social role of being children's grandparents. Caregivers' feelings about and understandings of these roles are shaped through their social interactions in local communities. In view of their situation and caregivers' self‐conscious attitudes towards utilizing local resources' future formal service provision and social support should take caregivers' viewpoints into account. These views are embedded in and shaped by their rural living context and relationships with community members who influence caregivers' perceptions and child rearing practices.
Comparing conventional flap‐less immediate implantation and socket‐shield technique for esthetic and clinical outcomes: A randomized clinical study
Authors: Sun Cong , Zhao Jinxiu , Liu Zhi , Tan Lei , Huang YaLi , Zhao Liang , Tao Hong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the esthetic and clinical outcomes of immediate implantation using the conventional flap‐less approach and the socket‐shield technique (SST).MethodsThis study included 30 adult patients who underwent anterior teeth replacement and fulfilled the pre‐defined criteria. Patients were randomly allocated to the SST (n = 15) and conventional flap‐less (control, n = 15) groups. The esthetic outcomes were evaluated by assessing the degree of soft‐tissue recession and the pink esthetic scores (PESs). Clinical parameters, including the modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), probing depth (PD), and implant stability quotient (ISQ), were assessed. The buccal plate width (BPW) and height (BPH) were also measured.ResultsImplantation was clinically successful for all subjects in both groups. With a similar baseline, the SST group exhibited less reduction in the midfacial mucosal margins and the height of the mesial and distal papillae as well as higher BPW and BPH values compared with the control group (p < .001). The ISQ values were 76.01 ± 1.31 for the SST group and 75.56 ± 1.07 for the control group (p > .05), suggesting sufficient initial stability in both groups. At the 24‐month follow‐up, SST group patients had statistically significant lower values of PD, mSBI, and mPLI compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in the overall and individual PES values for both groups.ConclusionSST may improve functional and esthetic outcomes by maintaining alveolar bone volume and peri‐implant tissues. SST seems to be a promising treatment approach for implants in the esthetic zone.
Looking to aquatic species for conservation farming success
Authors: Gentry Rebecca R. , Gaines Steven D. , Gabe Jeremy S. , Lester Sarah E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThousands of species worldwide are threatened with extinction due to human activities. For some animals, such as elephants, totoaba, and bluefin tuna, population declines are largely driven by hunting. High prices and large profits create a strong incentive for illegal hunting, even in the face of penalties and strict international restrictions against trade. One innovative solution to help reverse the declines of such species is to farm them to increase supply, thereby reducing prices and decreasing hunting incentives. However, this idea has been criticized as impractical, though some examples exist of successful implementation. Here, we evaluate the hurdles facing endangered species farming as a market‐based mechanism to reduce illegal harvest of wild populations and provide guidance on when it is most likely to be effective. Using a simple model, we show how farming costs and enforcement of anti‐poaching measures are key drivers of success for this solution. We also argue that many of the most promising candidates are aquatic species that have been largely overlooked. Thus, while conservation farming may not be a solution for all endangered species, it should be more seriously considered for species that could be produced quickly and cost‐effectively.
CEO financial background and internal control weaknesses
Authors: Oradi Javad , Asiaei Kaveh , Rezaee Zabihollah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch question/issueThe existing literature documents that the functional expertise of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) in finance reduces poor performance risk, improves financial reporting quality, and mitigates audit risk. In this study, we examine the association between CEOs' financial background and internal control weaknesses (ICWs).Research findings/insightsUsing a sample of Iranian listed companies for the period 2007–2017, we find a significant negative association between CEOs with financial expertise and ICWs. Furthermore, we show that the negative association between CEO financial expertise and ICWs is stronger if the CEO is recruited from inside the firm. Our main results are robust after controlling for the potential selection issue, random effects at the firm level, and the impact of the new Iranian internal control regulations. Moreover, our results remain unchanged after controlling for other CEO characteristics, audit committee characteristics, audit fees, and using an alternative measure of financial expertise.Theoretical/academic implicationsOur study contributes to the extant literature by examining the association between CEOs' financial background and ICWs, a theme that remains largely unexplored in previous research. We also extend the literature on CEO succession origin.Practitioner/policy implicationsThis study has important implications for regulators regarding the improvement of financial reporting quality and the effectiveness of internal controls, especially in the emerging markets. Particularly, our findings may be of benefit to auditors when assessing the risks regarding their clients' material weaknesses, as well as to shareholders and boards of directors when hiring a new CEO.
Small‐bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with celiac disease, axial versus lateral/panoramic view: Results from a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Branchi Federica , Ferretti Francesca , Orlando Stefania , Tontini Gian Eugenio , Penagini Roberto , Vecchi Maurizio , Elli Luca 
Published: November 2019

Background and AimCapsule enteroscopy (CE) is recommended in the management of complicated celiac disease (CD). However, published data are derived from axial‐view capsule systems. No data are available on the use of lateral/panoramic view capsules. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic yield and efficacy of the lateral/panoramic versus the axial view capsule system in CD.MethodsConsecutive CD patients were enrolled in a prospective monocentric study. Each patient ingested an axial (PillCam SB3) and a lateral/panoramic (CapsoCam Plus) view capsule with a 3‐h interval in a randomized order. Two experts blindly evaluated the CE carried out. A third expert reviewed the videos in cases of discordance.ResultsTwenty‐five CD patients were enrolled (four males, age at CE 51.2 ± 16.6 years, age at CD diagnosis 41.7 ± 20.6, years on a gluten‐free diet [GFD] 9.6 ± 9.4). Indications at CE were refractory CD in nine cases, non‐responsiveness to GFD in 10 and GFD non‐compliance in six. A positive finding was evidenced in 15 (60%) and 13 (52%) cases by CapsoCam and PillCam respectively (not significant). Atrophy was detected by both capsules. Considering the percentage of the small‐bowel mucosa presenting atrophy signs, mean values were 22% ± 35 and 20% ± 29 for lateral/panoramic and axial systems, respectively (not significant). Compared to duodenal histology, PillCam correctly identified 80% of patients with SB atrophy, whereas CapsoCam identified 73% of cases.ConclusionsLateral/panoramic view CE is effective in the detection of small‐bowel atrophy in CD and presents good sensitivity and specificity when compared to histology.
Risk stratification in acute variceal bleeding: Comparison of the AIMS65 score to established upper gastrointestinal bleeding and liver disease severity risk stratification scoring systems in predicting mortality and rebleeding
Authors: Robertson Marcus , Ng Jonathan , Abu Shawish Walid , Swaine Adrian , Skardoon Gillian , Huynh Andrew , Deshpande Sheetal , Low Zi Yi , Sievert William , Angus Peter 
Published: November 2019

Background and AimRisk stratification is recommended in all patients with acute variceal bleeding (AVB). It remains unclear whether liver disease severity or upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) scoring algorithms offer superior predictive ability. We aimed to validate the AIMS65 score as a predictor of mortality in AVB, and to compare AIMS65 with established UGIB and liver disease severity risk stratification scores.MethodsInternational Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes identified patients presenting with AVB to three tertiary centers over a 48‐month period. Patients were risk‐stratified using AIMS65, Rockall, pre‐endoscopy Rockall, Child‐Pugh, Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) and United Kingdom MELD (UKELD) scores. Primary outcomes were inpatient and 6‐week mortality and inpatient rebleeding.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐three patients were included. Inpatient and 6‐week mortality were 13.9% and 15.5% respectively. Prediction of inpatient mortality by AIMS65 (area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve [AUROC: 0.84]) was equivalent to UGIB (Rockall: 0.79, pre‐Rockall: 0.78) and liver risk scores (MELD: 0.81, UKELD: 0.79, Child‐Pugh: 0.78). AIMS65 score ≥3 best defined high‐ and low‐risk groups for inpatient mortality (mortality 37.7% vs 4.9%). AIMS65 (AUROC: 0.62) was equivalent to UGIB risk scores (pre‐Rockall: 0.64, Rockall: 0.70) in predicting inpatient rebleeding and superior to liver risk scores (MELD: 0.56, UKELD: 0.57, Child‐Pugh: 0.60).ConclusionsAIMS65 is equivalent to established UGIB and liver disease severity risk stratification scores in predicting mortality, and superior to liver scores in predicting rebleeding.
Common mechanisms of executive attention underlie executive function and effortful control in children
Authors: Tiego Jeggan , Bellgrove Mark A. , Whittle Sarah , Pantelis Christos , Testa Renee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExecutive Function (EF) and Effortful Control (EC) have traditionally been viewed as distinct constructs related to cognition and temperament during development. More recently, EF and EC have been implicated in top‐down self‐regulation ‐ the goal‐directed control of cognition, emotion, and behavior. We propose that executive attention, a limited‐capacity attentional resource subserving goal‐directed cognition and behavior, is the common cognitive mechanism underlying the self‐regulatory capacities captured by EF and EC. We addressed three related questions: (a) Do behavioral ratings of EF and EC represent the same self‐regulation construct? (b) Is this self‐regulation construct explained by a common executive attention factor as measured by performance on cognitive tasks? and (c) Does the executive attention factor explain additional variance in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) problems to behavioral ratings of self‐regulation? Measures of performance on complex span, general intelligence, and response inhibition tasks were obtained from 136 preadolescent children (M = 11 years, 10 months, SD = 8 months), along with self‐ and parent‐reported EC, and parent‐reported EF, and ADHD problems. Results from structural equation modeling demonstrated that behavioral ratings of EF and EC measured the same self‐regulation construct. Cognitive tasks measured a common executive attention factor that significantly explained 30% of the variance in behavioral ratings of self‐regulation. Executive attention failed to significantly explain additional variance in ADHD problems beyond that explained by behavioral ratings of self‐regulation. These findings raise questions about the utility of task‐based cognitive measures in research and clinical assessment of self‐regulation and psychopathology in developmental samples.
Left ventricular function after correction of mitral regurgitation: Impact of the clipping approach
Authors: Hubert Arnaud , Galli Elena , Leurent Guillaume , Corbineau Hervé , Auriane Bidaut , Guillaume L’official , Leclercq Christophe , Donal Erwan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsFunctional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is associated with poor outcome in systolic heart failure (HF) patients. Percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair (PMVR) in Mitra‐Fr study failed to prove any beneficial effect over optimal medical treatment (OMT) but win in COAPT study. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of PMVR on LV performance and mechanics in HF patients with severe secondary MR.Method and resultsThirty‐seven patients with severe FMR undergoing PMVR were included and compared (according to indices of LV myocardial function and the relationship between LV‐size and the degree of regurgitation) to nineteen patients with FMR treated by OMT. Both groups were clinically comparable. At 6‐month follow‐up, cardiac index such as LV global constructive work (GCW) improved significantly in both groups (1.86 vs 2.13 L/min/m2, P = .02, 1.73 vs 2.28 L/min/m2 P = .002 and 977 vs 1101 mm Hg.%, P = .003, 967 vs 1110 mm Hg.%, P = .002 for PMVR and OMT groups, respectively) whereas left ventricular (LV) end‐systolic volume index, LV ejection fraction, and global longitudinal strain were not different. Receiver operating characteristics in PMVR with LVEF ≤ 35% subgroup analysis demonstrated that global work index (GWI) had the best ability to identify patients with worse evolution (AUC = 0.882; P = .009), confirmed by univariable logistic regression, particularly for patients with GWI < 482 mm Hg.%.ConclusionEchocardiographic characteristics at 6‐month follow‐up are not different when compare PMVR and OMT for HF patients with severe FMR. A low global work index might be a tool for discouraging the implantation of clips for this indication.