bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intratesticular mepivacaine versus lidocaine in anaesthetised horses undergoing Henderson castration
Authors: Crandall Alycia , Hopster Klaus , Grove Annie , Levine David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn horses undergoing castration, direct comparison of intratesticular lidocaine vs mepivacaine as analgesic adjuncts has not yet been analysed.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of intratesticular lidocaine and mepivacaine during equine castration using the Henderson drill under total intravenous anesthesia.Study designRandomised, double‐blinded clinical study.MethodsThirty‐four stallions were anaesthetised using xylazine‐ketamine and randomly selected to receive 10 mL either lidocaine or mepivacaine injected into each testicle. Both surgeon and anaesthetist were blinded to the selected treatment. A total of 5 minutes were required to pass between injection and first incision. Routine castration using a Henderson drill was performed. Heart rate, respiratory rate and SpO2 were serially recorded. Total surgical time, time prior to clamping of each testicle and time to second incision were recorded. Cremaster muscle relaxation, surgical quality scores, number of additional ketamine boluses, recovery time and recovery quality were assessed between groups.ResultsCremaster relaxation scores were significantly better for the mepivacaine group over the lidocaine group on a 1‐3 scoring system (1 being most relaxed, 3 being least). The average cremaster relaxation score on both testicles treated with mepivacaine was 1 compared to the lidocaine treatment averaging 2 [P = .03 first testicle; P = .04 second testicle]. The lidocaine group had an increased number of horses requiring additional ketamine (25% of horses) compared to the mepivacaine group (16% of horses). No other significant differences were observed between the groups.Main limitationsThe use of only one injection method and lack of post‐operative pain scoring limit the conclusions that can be drawn from these results.ConclusionIntratesticular mepivacaine when compared with intratesticular lidocaine results in improved cremaster muscle relaxation when only waiting five min prior to the start of the procedure.
The effect of privatization on the characteristics of innovation
Authors: Somé Hyacinthe Y. , Cano‐Kollmann Marcelo , Mudambi Ram , Cosset Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigate the role of privatization on the dynamics of innovation. We hypothesize that privatized firms will focus on a narrower set of technologies as a response to increased pressure for profitability and short‐term results, and that privatization will also increase the degree to which they engage in collaborations with external inventors, both locally and abroad. Using a sample of privatized firms in 25 countries, we find strong evidence supporting these hypotheses. Importantly, we find that overall patenting activities and, in particular, overseas collaboration in technological innovation are associated with greater firm performance, but only after privatization.
Allelopathic and intraspecific growth competition effects establishment of direct sown Miscanthus
Authors: Awty‐Carroll Danny , Hauck Barbara , Clifton‐Brown John , Robson Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh yielding perennial crops are being developed as a sustainable feedstock for renewable energy and bioproducts. Miscanthus is a leading biomass crop, but most plantations comprise a sterile hybrid Miscanthus × giganteus that is clonally propagated. To develop new varieties across large areas, rhizome cloning is inefficient, time consuming and expensive. Alternative approaches use seed, and in temperate regions, this has been successfully applied by raising seedlings as plug plants in glasshouses before transfer to the field. Direct sowing has yet to be proven commercially viable because poor germination has resulted in inconsistent stand establishment. Oversowing using seed clusters is a common approach to improve the establishment of crops and it was hypothesized that such an approach will improve uniformity of density in early Miscanthus stands and thereby improve yield. Sowing multiple seeds creates potential for new interactions, and we identified at least two inhibitory mechanisms related to seed numbers. Germinating seed produced allelopathic effects on nearby seed thereby inhibiting plant growth. The inhibitory effect of Miscanthus seed on germination percentages was related to seed number within clusters. An extract from germinating Miscanthus seed inhibited the germination of Miscanthus seed. The extract was analysed by HPLC, which identified a complex mixture including several known allelopathic compounds including proanthocyanidins and vanillic acid. There was also evidence of root competition in soil in a controlled environment experiment. When the experiment on competition was replicated at field scale, the establishment rates were much lower and there was evidence of shoot competition. We conclude that the numbers of seed required to ensure an acceptable level of establishment in the field may be economically impractical until other agronomic techniques are included either to reduce the inhibitory effects of higher seed numbers or to reduce oversowing rates.
Dizziness in patients with early stages of Parkinson's disease: Prevalence, clinical characteristics and implications
Authors: Kwon Kyum‐Yil , Park Suyeon , Lee Mina , Ju Hyunjin , Im Kayeong , Joo Byung‐Euk , Lee Kyung Bok , Roh Hakjae , Ahn Moo‐Young 
Published: February 2020

AimThe clinical features and implications of dizziness in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) remain little known. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of dizziness, and the association of dizziness with motor and non‐motor symptoms in early stages of PD.MethodsDemographics and clinical characteristics of patients with early PD (disease duration ≤5 years) were retrospectively assessed. The characteristics of dizziness were surveyed in each parkinsonian patient according to existence, frequency, duration and nature. Not only motor symptoms, but also non‐motor scales for global cognition, anxiety, depression and fatigue were evaluated to identify risk factors of dizziness.ResultsOf a total of 80 patients with early PD, 37 (46.3%) had dizziness. The characteristics of dizziness included short duration (seconds to minutes) and frequent occurrence (several times in a day or a week). The most common type of dizziness was orthostatic (40.5%), followed by non‐specific and disequilibrium type. Among many scales for motor and non‐motor symptoms, dizzy patients with early PD showed lower scores of Montreal Cognitive representing global cognition than non‐dizzy people. A lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was the only factor significantly related to dizziness in patients with early PD.ConclusionsWe found that dizziness frequently occurs in early parkinsonian patients. It is highly linked to low Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in patients with early PD, inferring that dizziness might be a potential non‐motor symptom associated with cognitive decline in PD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 443–447.
The effect of resistance exercise on strength and safety outcome for people with haemophilia: A systematic review
Authors: Wagner Barbara , Krüger Steffen , Hilberg Thomas , Ay Cihan , Hasenoehrl Timothy , Huber Dominikus Franz‐Xaver , Crevenna Richard 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia is a congenital bleeding disorder with severe musculoskeletal complications. Resistance exercise is important to increase joint stability and to improve physical performance.AimThis review aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of resistance exercise interventions on people with haemophilia (PwH) and evaluate whether the American College of Sports Medicine resistance exercise criteria for healthy adults are valid for this population.MethodsA systematic search in literature was conducted, using the databases PubMed, MEDLiNE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PEDro and Cochrane Library. Out of 2.440 studies published between 1960 and November 2019, 14 studies (9 randomized controlled trials, 1 controlled trial, 4 single‐group prospective studies) applying resistance exercise in juvenile and adult PwH corresponded to the inclusion criteria.ResultsStudies performed dynamic, isokinetic or a combination of isometric and dynamic resistance training. Most interventions were carried out in the context of a multimodal training. Resistance was provided using fixed and free weights, body weight, resistance bands and water resistance. Study protocols included clinical and home‐based settings. Several studies suggest that training intensities lower than those known to increase the strength of healthy people are effective in increasing the strength of PwH. Resistance exercise seems to be a safe intervention if it is adequately monitored, individually adapted and applied with sufficient factor therapy. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs, training interventions and outcome measures a meta‐analysis could not be performed.ConclusionsFurther studies of higher methodological quality are needed to determine the optimal types of exercise, optimal dosage and timing.
Theology in the Middle of Things: Existential Preconditions of Systematic Theology
Authors: Sigurdson Ola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article I argue that an account of the starting‐point of systematic theology should be shaped by an understanding of what I call the ‘existential preconditions’ of theological work. I develop accounts of three such preconditions – embodiment, subjectivity and spatiality – for the sake of showing that they both stand as necessary conditions of theological work, and represent topics of and in systematic theology. Reflection on this twofold ‘precondition of but topic in’ dynamic serves as a foundation for the claim that theology is always undertaken ‘in the middle of things’, and is best understood to have its starting‐point there.
Expression of Concern: Molecular mechanism whereby paraoxonase‐2 regulates coagulation activation through endothelial tissue factor in rat haemorrhagic shock model
Authors: Xu Jian‐Hua , Lu Shi‐Jun , Wu Peng , Kong Ling‐Chen , Ning Chao , Li Hai‐Yan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe investigated the molecular mechanism of paraoxonase‐2 (PON‐2) in regulating blood coagulation activation in rats with haemorrhagic shock through endothelial tissue factor (TF). Thirty adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control group (group A), the haemorrhagic shock PON‐2 treatment group (group B), and the haemorrhagic shock group (group C). After the model was established, blood was withdrawn from the inferior vena cava of all rats. The difference in plasma thrombomodulin (TM) levels of the three groups was determined by Western blotting. The expression of transcription factors Egr‐1 and Sp1 was detected by Western blotting assays. reverse transcription‐polymerase chain Reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of t‐PA, PAI‐1, TM, and PON‐2 in the serum of three groups of rats. Endothelial TF was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and coagulation assay was used to detect the activity of coagulation factor VIII. Histopathological examination of the arteries of the rats was performed. The molecular mechanism of PON‐2 in regulating blood coagulation activation in haemorrhagic shock model rats by endothelial tissue factor was analysed. The expression of thrombin was determined by electrophoresis. Compared with the healthy control group, the expression of TM in groups B and C decreased, both 188.64 ± 12.47 and 137.48 ± 9.72, respectively, with a significant difference. The mRNA expression of TM and PON was determined by RT‐PCR. The mRNA expression of TM and PON in group B was 0.97 ± 0.07 and 1.14 ± 0.09, compared with the control group, and the mRNA expression of TM and PON in group C was 0.86 ± 0.38 and 1.12 ± 0.41, both of which increased, and there were significant differences. By measuring the expression of endothelial TF, the expression of TF in groups B and C was elevated to 12.69 ± 1.07 and 11.59 ± 0.87, with significant differences. The enzyme activities of PON‐2 in groups B and C, which were 110.34 ± 14.37 and 52.37 ± 8.06, respectively, were increased compared with the healthy control group and there were significant differences. PON‐2 regulates the activation of coagulation in rats with haemorrhagic shock by regulating the expression of endothelial tissue‐related genes such as plasma TM and endothelial TF under hypoxic and ischaemic conditions.
Volume stability of the augmented sinus using a collagenated bovine bone mineral grafted in case of a perforated Schneiderian membrane: An experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Paik Jeong‐Won , Cha Jae‐Kook , Paeng Kyeong‐Won , Kim Myong‐Ji , Thoma Daniel S. , Jung Ronald E. , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the volume stability of a sinus augmented with a collagenated bovine bone mineral (CBBM) in case of an intact or perforated Schneiderian membrane (SM).Materials and MethodsA bilateral sinus augmentation procedure was performed in eight rabbits. The SM was intentionally perforated in one side (SMP group), while it remained intact in contra‐lateral side (control group) and the same amount of CBBM was then grafted. At 12 weeks, the animals were euthanized for radiographic and histomorphometric analyses.ResultsThe augmented volume did not differ significantly between the two groups: 262.2 ± 32.1 mm3 in SMP group and 261.9 ± 48.5 mm3 in the control group (p = .959). There was no significant difference in the total augmented area: 24.7 ± 5.2 mm2 in SMP group and 23.2 ± 2.9 mm2 in the control group (p = .773). The areas of newly formed bone also did not differ significantly between the two groups, but was significantly lower at the centre of the augmented region than in the region of the surgical window in both groups (p < .05).ConclusionA perforation of the SM in a rabbit model does neither impact the augmented volume nor new bone formation following grafting of the sinus with a CBBM.
Literacy Mediates Racial Differences in Financial and Healthcare Decision Making in Older Adults
Authors: Han S. Duke , Barnes Lisa L. , Leurgans Sue , Yu Lei , Bennett David A. , Boyle Patricia A. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESDecision making in financial and healthcare matters is of critical importance for well‐being in old age. Preliminary work suggests racial differences in decision making; however, the factors that drive racial differences in decision making remain unclear. We hypothesized literacy, particularly financial and health literacy, mediates racial differences in decision making.DESIGNCommunity‐based epidemiologic cohort study.SETTINGCommunities in northeastern Illinois.PARTICIPANTSNondemented Black participants (N = 138) of the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center Minority Aging Research Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project who completed decision‐making and literacy measures were matched to White participants (N = 138) according to age, education, sex, and global cognition using Mahalanobis distance (total N = 276).MEASUREMENTSAll participants completed clinical assessments, a decision‐making measure that resembles real‐world materials relevant to finance and healthcare, and a financial and health literacy measure. Regression models were used to examine racial differences in decision making and test the hypothesis that literacy mediates this association. In secondary analyses, we examined the impact of literacy in specific domains of decision making (financial and healthcare).RESULTSIn models adjusted for age, education, sex, and global cognition, older Black adults performed lower than older White adults on literacy (β = −8.20; SE = 1.34; 95% CI = −10.82 to −5.57; P < .01) and separately on decision making (β = −.80; SE = .23; 95% CI = −1.25 to −.34; P < .01). However, when decision making was regressed on both race and literacy, the association of race was attenuated and became nonsignificant (β = −.45; SE = .24; 95% CI = −.93 to .02; P = .06), but literacy remained significantly associated with decision making (β = .04; SE = .01; 95% CI = .02‐.06; P < .01). In secondary models, a similar pattern was observed for both financial and healthcare decision making.CONCLUSIONSRacial differences in decision making are largely mediated by literacy. These findings suggest that efforts to improve literacy may help reduce racial differences in decision making and improve health and well‐being for diverse populations. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1279–1285, 2020.
Dopamine D1 receptor signaling and endocannabinoid cooperate to fuel striatal plasticity
Authors: Socodato Renato 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndocannabinoids (eCBs) play key roles in short‐term and long‐term synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal circuit. By activating cannabinoid receptors expressed in the central nervous system, eCBs regulate several neural functions and behaviors. The major eCB 2‐arachidonoyl‐glycerol (2‐AG) is particularly important for triggering a short‐term form of synaptic plasticity (depolarization‐induced suppression of excitatory transmission or DSE) on cortical glutamatergic afferents inputting the striatum. The neurotransmitter dopamine, through the action of D1 and D2 receptors, is also critically involved in corticostriatal plasticity. This Editorial highlights the study by Shonesy et al., which presents evidence that activation of dopamine D1 receptor and its classical downstream target cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) are involved in increasing the synthesis of 2‐AG in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) to drive DSE in the corticostriatal circuit, as schematically outlined in Figure 1. The authors used a set of complementary approaches and identified a putative serine (Ser) residue phosphorylated by PKA in diacylglycerol lipase (DGL) alpha that is required for generating 2‐AG, providing a mechanistic clue into how the canonical D1 pathway in MSN might fine‐tune short‐term plasticity in the corticostriatal circuit. Besides, the work by Shonesy et al. may pave the way for further studies exploring the signaling interplay between canonical dopamine D1 receptor pathway and eCBs to control other forms of synaptic plasticity in different brain circuits with possible pathological relevance.
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Effects of carboxytherapy on skin laxity
Authors: Oliveira Suellen Matos Domingos , Rocha Lenaldo Branco , da Cunha Marco Túlio Rodrigues , Cintra Mariana Molinar Mauad , Pinheiro Nanci Mendes , Mendonça Adriana Clemente 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCarboxytherapy is capable of inducing tissue repair which results in an increase in elastic and collagen fibers.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of carboxytherapy upon human skin collagen and elastic fiber synthesis.MethodsCase study of nine volunteers who received a single application of carboxytherapy in the left infraumbilical region, with infusion rate of 100 mL/min and 0.6 mL/kg weight over an area of 25 cm2. After 60 days on average, the skin was collected for histological analysis and stained with picrosirius red for collagen and Verhoeff for elastic fibers. The percentage of fibers found was marked by the Image J® program and recorded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 20), with a significance level of 95%.ResultsAn increase in the collagen and elastic fibers sample was observed in the treated group. Morphometrically, a significant increase in the percentage of collagen in the Carboxytherapy group (41.44 ± 4.50%) was observed compared with the control group (37.44 ± 3.87%) with P = .04; for elastic fibers, the percentage showed no significant difference between the control group (10.55 ± 4.33%) and the carboxytherapy group (10.44 ± 3.71%).ConclusionsCarboxytherapy with the parameters used in this study was able to stimulate collagen and elastic fiber synthesis, with significant differences in the morphometry for collagen fibers.
Kinetic energy–assisted delivery of hyaluronic acid for skin remodeling in middle and lower face
Authors: Espinoza Lisa , Vinshtok Yuri , McCreesh Jaclyn , Tyson Jaclyn , McSorley Maureen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundKinetic energy of a liquid jet has been demonstrated to achieve clinical efficacy by injecting hyaluronic acid for skin thickening and improving facial sagging. A pneumatically accelerated jet penetrates the epidermis leaving HA particles spherically spread in the dermis and initiating microtraumatic wound healing.MethodWe reported retrospective analysis of our successful experience in improving rhytidosis and skin remodeling in the middle and lower facial regions by pneumatically administered HA filler. Subjects seeking correction of facial wrinkles in middle and lower face were treated in 3 monthly sessions with computerized jet‐injection device and assessed 6 months thereafter for perception of the wrinkles, rhytidosis burden, and treatment satisfaction.ResultsThirty‐four female patients (average age 42 years) with age‐related rhytidosis in perioral, cheek, and neck areas received the treatment. The treatments had short downtime, minimal pain, and no side effects. Mean Lemperle Rating Scale score decreased in all treated areas by one full degree and was maintained for 6 months after the treatments. Patients and investigators independently scored the wrinkles as “improved” per Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. Mean treatment satisfactory score was 4.0 ± 1.4 (out of 5).ConclusionRetrospective data showed successful implementation of liquid jet injections of HA in correction of aging middle and lower facial regions.
Down‐regulation of miR‐383‐5p suppresses apoptosis in oxidative stress rat hepatocytes by targeting Bcl2
Authors: Xu Bin , Zang Shu‐Cheng , Lang Li‐min , Lian Shuai , Lu Jingjing , Li Shi‐Ze , Yang Huan‐Min , Zhen Li 
Published: February 2020

AbstractmiRNAs are a class of small non‐coding RNAs that are involved in various biological processes. In the preliminary work of the laboratory, found that miR‐383‐5p was down‐regulated in the liver tissue of acute cold stress rats and has been shown to be an important regulatory factor in tumour proliferation, but there are very few studies involving the mediation of cold stress in rat liver tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of miR‐383‐5p on the livers of cold stress rats by simulating the cold stress state of rat liver tissues in vitro using H2O2to induce rat hepatocyte oxidative stress. The results showed that MDA content, Caspase 3 and Cyto C protein levels increased significantly; GPx activity and SOD1 protein levels decreased significantly and miR‐383‐5p expression was significantly down‐regulated in rat liver tissues after cold stress. Different concentrations of H2O2was added to rat hepatocytes, and the results showed that the expression of miR‐383‐5p, the ROS level, and the apoptosis rate in rat hepatocytes was increased significantly in a concentration‐dependent fashion. Transfection of miR‐383‐5p inhibitor revealed that the apoptosis rate of rat hepatocytes, and the protein level of apoptosis‐related protein Caspase 3 were reduced; the results of the dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay showed that miR‐383‐5p targeted regulation of Bcl2. The results suggested that the expression of miR‐383‐5p was up‐regulated in oxidative stress rat hepatocytes and may aggravate the apoptosis of rat hepatocytes induced by targeting inhibition of Bcl2 translation.