bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive exposure to heat improves glucose metabolism in overweight humans
Authors: Pallubinsky Hannah , Phielix Esther , Dautzenberg Bas , Schaart Gert , Connell Niels J. , de Wit‐Verheggen Vera , Havekes Bas , van Baak Marleen A. , Schrauwen Patrick , van Marken Lichtenbelt Wouter D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimHeat exposure has been indicated to positively affect glucose metabolism. An involvement of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in the enhancement of insulin sensitivity upon heat exposure has been previously suggested. Here, we performed an intervention study exploring the effect of passive heat acclimation (PHA) on glucose metabolism and intracellular (a) HSP72 concentrations in overweight humans.MethodsEleven non‐diabetic overweight (BMI 27‐35 kg/m2) participants underwent 10 consecutive days of PHA (4‐6 h/day, 34.4 ± 0.2°C, 22.8 ± 2.7%RH). Before and after PHA, whole‐body insulin sensitivity was assessed using a one‐step hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp, skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to measure intracellular iHSP72, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured using indirect calorimetry and blood samples were drawn to assess markers of metabolic health. Thermophysiological adaptations were measured during a temperature ramp protocol before and after PHA.ResultsDespite a lack of change in iHSP72, 10 days of PHA reduced basal (9.7 ± 1.4 pre‐ vs 8.4 ± 2.1 μmol · kg–1 · min–1 post‐PHA, P = .038) and insulin‐stimulated (2.1 ± 0.9 pre‐ vs 1.5 ± 0.8 μmol · kg–1 · min–1 post‐PHA, P = .005) endogenous glucose production (EGP) and increased insulin suppression of EGP (78.5 ± 9.7% pre‐ vs 83.0 ± 7.9% post‐PHA, P = .028). Consistently, fasting plasma glucose (6.0 ± 0.5 pre‐ vs 5.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L post‐PHA, P = .013) and insulin concentrations (97 ± 55 pre‐ vs 84 ± 49 pmol/L post‐PHA, P = .026) decreased significantly. Moreover, fat oxidation increased, and free fatty acids as well as cholesterol concentrations and mean arterial pressure decreased after PHA.ConclusionOur results show that PHA for 10 days improves glucose metabolism and enhances fat metabolism, without changes in iHSP72. Further exploration of the therapeutic role of heat in cardio‐metabolic disorders should be considered.
Examining the relationships between cognitive activation, self‐efficacy, socioeconomic status, and achievement in mathematics: A multi‐level analysis
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Jian , Zhang Dan , Liu Hongyun 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that teachers’ frequent use of cognitive activation strategies in mathematics lessons is positively associated with students’ mathematics achievement.AimsThis study aims to investigate the possible mediating role of mathematics self‐efficacy in the association between cognitive activation and achievement in mathematics classrooms. Besides that, we explored the moderating role of students’ socioeconomic status (SES) in the relationships between cognitive activation, mathematics self‐efficacy, and mathematics achievement.SamplesThis study employed data from a project of the National Assessment Center for Education Quality (NACEQ) in China. A sample with 8707 fourth‐grade primary students and 129 mathematics teachers was analysed.MethodsThe multi‐level analysis was used in this study with students representing the level‐1 units and teachers representing the level‐2 units.ResultsBased on a large‐scale standard assessment and survey in China, this study showed that cognitive activation was positively related to mathematics performance overall. Mathematics self‐efficacy played a vital mediating role in the association between cognitive activation and mathematics achievement. The indirect relationship between cognitive activation and mathematics achievement via mathematics self‐efficacy was moderated by SES both at the student level and the teacher level.ConclusionsOur study suggests the importance of cognitively activating instruction, especially for students with lower SES and classes with lower average SES.
A systematic review on Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for carcinoma of unknown primary origin: Has tongue base mucosectomy become indispensable?
Authors: van Weert Stijn , Rijken Johannes A. , Plantone Francesca , Bloemena Elisabeth , Vergeer Marije R. , Lissenberg‐ Witte Birgit I. , Leemans C. René 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransoral robotic surgery (TORS) is increasingly used in head and neck surgery and in carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) origin specifically. Due to the rising incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), there is a rationale for finding ways to de‐escalate treatment strategies. This review aims to test the hypothesis that TORS is a meaningful adjunct in the diagnostic (and therapeutic) pathway in CUP in head and neck.MethodsA structured search of the literature was performed with the search terms ‘TORS’ and ‘Carcinoma of Unknown Primary’.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy four cases of CUP in which TORS was used were identified for further analysis. Workup for CUP was comparable in all series with regard to physical examination, fine and/or gross needle examination of cervical nodes, fibre optic endoscopy, imaging and robot assisted mucosectomy of the base of tongue (BOT). Identification rate of the primary tumour was 72% on average (range 17%‐ 90%), and 55%‐ 96% were HPV positive. Clear margins were achieved in 60% (range 0%‐85%) of resected occult tumours. Complication rate of TORS BOT mucosectomy was low with mainly grade I‐III sequelae according to Clavien–Dindo.ConclusionsTransoral robotic surgery seems to be a useful and safe adjunct in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway in case of CUP in an era of increasing incidence of HPV‐positive OPSCC.
Elucidating the socio‐demographics of wildlife tolerance using the example of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Germany
Authors: Kimmig Sophia E. , Flemming Danny , Kimmerle Joachim , Cress Ulrike , Brandt Miriam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a consequence of increasing human‐wildlife encounters, the associated potential for human‐wildlife conflict rises. The dependency of conservation management actions on the acceptance or even the participation of people requires modern conservation strategies that take the human dimension of wildlife management into account. In the first place, conservationists therefore need to understand how people perceive wildlife. In the present study, we examined how wildlife perception varies with people's socio‐demographic backgrounds in terms of age, gender, and education as well as the settlement structure of people's living environment and their general life satisfaction, using the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a model species. We used an interview‐based survey of 2,646 participants, representative for the German population, for investigating their knowledge about, risk perception of, and attitude toward red foxes. We found a negative correlation between age and the risks perceived regarding foxes. Moreover, men held a more positive attitude and perceived less risk than women. Higher education was also associated with lower risk perception and a more positive attitude. The results further indicated that people who live in rural areas perceived higher risks regarding foxes and showed a less positive attitude than people in urban or suburban areas. Finally, people who perceived higher risks and held a less positive attitude supported lethal population management actions more often. However, we also found that perceived risks decreased with participants' general life satisfaction. Hence, wildlife perception is affected by various factors. Understanding the factors affecting wildlife perception is crucial for environmental communication and for fostering acceptance of conservation measures to improve conservation strategies.
PVC nest boxes are less at risk of occupancy by feral honey bees than timber nest boxes and natural hollows
Authors: Berris Karleah K. , Barth Michael 
Published: May 2020

SummaryFeral European Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) has been identified as a potential nest competitor for Australian hollow nesting species, but few studies have investigated the impact of feral honey bee competition on Threatened species. Our study used data from Glossy Black‐cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus) nests on Kangaroo Island, monitored and managed over an 11‐year period, and found 12% of nests became occupied by feral honey bees during that period. Our results indicate that feral honey bees were less likely to occupy nest boxes made of PVC (5%) compared with wooden nest boxes (24%) or natural hollows in Eucalyptus trees (14%). The removal of feral honey bee hives from nests is a priority for long‐term conservation of glossy black‐cockatoos on Kangaroo Island. We recommend that PVC nest boxes are chosen for future nesting habitat restoration, due to the more frequent use of wooden nest boxes by feral honey bees.
Temperature‐related breakdowns in the coordination of mating in Enchenopa binotata treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae)
Authors: Leith Noah T. , Jocson Dowen I. , Fowler‐Finn Kasey D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTemperature influences the expression of a wide range of behavioral traits in ectotherms, including many involved in the initiation of pair formation and mating. Although opportunities to mate are thought to be greatest when male and female activity overlap, sex‐specific behaviors and physiology could result in mismatched thermal optima for male and female courtship. Here, we investigate how conflicts in the thermal sensitivity of male and female courtship activity affect patterns of mating across temperatures in Enchenopa binotata treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). These plant‐feeding insects coordinate mating with plant‐borne vibrational signals exchanged in male–female duets prior to pair formation. We manipulated temperature across an ecologically relevant range (18–36ºC) and tested the likelihood of individual male and female E. binotata to engage in courtship activity using vibrational playbacks. We then staged male–female mating interactions across the same temperature range and quantified the thermal sensitivity of mating‐related behaviors across stages of mating. Specifically, we measured the timing of duetting, the likelihood for key pre‐copulatory behaviors to occur, whether the pair mated, and copulation duration. We found sex‐specific thermal sensitivity in courtship activity: Males showed a clear peak of activity at intermediate temperatures (27–30ºC), while females showed highest activity at the hotter thermal extreme. Mating rates, courtship duets, and copulatory attempts were less likely to occur at thermal extremes. Also, duetting occurred earlier and copulation was shortest at higher temperatures. Overall, our data suggest that sexes differ in how temperature affects mating‐related activity and some processes involved in mate coordination may be more sensitive than others across variable thermal environments.
Moderate disturbances accelerate forest transition dynamics under climate change in the temperate–boreal ecotone of eastern North America
Authors: Brice Marie‐Hélène , Vissault Steve , Vieira Willian , Gravel Dominique , Legendre Pierre , Fortin Marie‐Josée 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral temperate tree species are expected to migrate northward and colonize boreal forests in response to climate change. Tree migrations could lead to transitions in forest types, but these could be influenced by several non‐climatic factors, such as disturbances and soil conditions. We analysed over 10,000 forest inventory plots, sampled from 1970 to 2018 in meridional Québec, Canada, to identify what environmental conditions promote or prevent regional‐scale forest transitions. We used a continuous‐time multi‐state Markov model to quantify the probabilities of transitions between forest states (temperate, boreal, mixed, pioneer) as a function of climate (mean temperature and climate moisture index during the growing season), soil conditions (pH and drainage) and disturbances (severity levels of natural disturbances and logging). We further investigate how different disturbance types and severities impact forests' short‐term transient dynamics and long‐term equilibrium using properties of Markov transition matrices. The most common transitions observed during the study period were from mixed to temperate states, as well as from pioneer to boreal forests. In our study, transitions were mainly driven by natural and anthropogenic disturbances and secondarily by climate, whereas soil characteristics exerted relatively minor constraints. While major disturbances only promoted transitions to the pioneer state, moderate disturbances increased the probability of transition from mixed to temperate states. Long‐term projections of our model under the current environmental conditions indicate that moderate disturbances would promote a northward shift of the temperate forest. Moreover, disturbances reduced turnover and convergence time for all transitions, thereby accelerating forest dynamics. Contrary to our expectation, mixed to temperate transitions were not driven by temperate tree recruitment but by mortality and growth. Overall, our results suggest that moderate disturbances could catalyse rapid forest transitions and accelerate broad‐scale biome shifts.
LncRNA MEG3 contributes to drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia by positively regulating ALG9 through sponging miR‐155
Authors: Yu Yanan , Kou Daqing , Liu Bing , Huang Yiran , Li Shuangda , Qi Yu , Guo Yanru , Huang Tong , Qi Xia , Jia Li 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe development of drug resistance is the main obstacle for successful treatment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Noncoding RNAs have been implicated in biological function in AML drug resistance. Aberrant protein glycosylation is associated with AML progression. The aim of the study was to explore the potential regulatory mechanism of lncRNA MEG3/miR‐155/ALG9 axis in drug resistance of AML.MethodsQRT‐PCR and Western blot were used for comparison analyses of ALG9, MEG3, and miR‐155 levels. CCK‐8 and colony formation assays were determined for drug sensitivity and proliferative capability of AML cells. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the targets of miR‐155.ResultsThe mannosyltransferase ALG9 and MEG3 was downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of M5/multidrug resistance (MDR) AML patients and adriamycin (ADR)‐resistant AML cell lines, which determined a positive correlation in AML patients. Low expression of ALG9 and MEG3 predicted poor prognosis of AML patients. The altered level of ALG9 was found corresponding to the drug‐resistant phenotype and sphere formation of AML cells. MiR‐155 was overexpressed in M5/MDR patients and ADR‐resistant AML cells, as well as inversely correlated to ALG9 expression. MEG3 was a direct target of miR‐155 and could sponge miR‐155 in AML cells. MEG3 interacted with miR‐155 to regulate ALG9 expression, which reversed the effects of ALG9 regulation on proliferation and drug resistance in AML cells.ConclusionMEG3 sponged miR‐155 by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism, which further modulated ALG9 expression and AML procession, providing a novel therapeutic target for AML chemoresistance.
Understanding diagnostic settings and carer experiences for dementia diagnosis in Australia
Authors: Ng Natalie Su Quin , Ayton Darshini , Workman Barbara , Ward Stephanie Alison 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAustralian guidelines advocate referral to comprehensive memory services for dementia diagnosis, but many patients may be diagnosed elsewhere.AimsTo determine common settings for dementia diagnosis in Australia and to compare patient and carer experience between settings.MethodsExploratory cross‐sectional study of patients with dementia admitted to a Melbourne sub‐acute hospital. Patients who had capacity to participate were included; carers were recruited for patients without capacity. Participants completed an interviewer‐administered survey which asked them to recall the diagnostic setting, discussions about diagnosis and management (clinical care) and overall experience of diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were applied and open‐ended questions were analysed using inductive and deductive coding approaches.ResultsFrom 81 eligible participants, 74 consented to participate (one patient, 74 carers). Participants reported dementia diagnosis occurred a median of 24 months before interview, in the following settings: hospitals (31.3%), private specialist clinics (29.7%), memory clinics (14.9%), general practice (13.5%), community health services (9.5%) and residential care (1.4%). Recall of discussions about dementia‐modulating medications was higher in participants diagnosed in memory clinics and private specialist clinics (70%) compared to other settings (15%) (P < 0.001). Discussion about living circumstances was highest in hospitals (87% vs 40%) (P < 0.001). One third of participants reported dissatisfaction with their experience. Reported satisfaction was highest for memory clinics.ConclusionResults suggest majority of people with dementia are diagnosed outside memory services. Significant variability exists in experiences between services, with a high proportion of participants expressing dissatisfaction with their experience with dementia diagnosis. Strategies to standardise diagnosis of dementia, measure and improve quality of care across all settings are required.
Efficacy of microneedling versus fractional Er:YAG laser in facial rejuvenation
Authors: Robati Reza M. , Hamedani Behnaz , Namazi Nastaran , Niknejad Nasim , Gheisari Mehdi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicroneedling and fractional lasers have been used in facial rejuvenation with acceptable results and low adverse effects.AimsTo compare the efficacy of microneedling with fractional Er:YAG in facial skin rejuvenation.Patients/MethodsThis study was planned as a split‐face clinical trial. Volunteers were randomly allocated to receive three monthly treatments on each side of the face, one with fractional Er:YAG laser and one with microneedling. The assessments included investigating clinical outcomes by two blinded dermatologists accompanied by measuring skin biophysical characteristics including cutaneous resonance running time (CRRT) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Moreover, possible adverse effects, downtime, and patients' satisfaction were recorded at baseline, 1 month after each treatment, and 3 months after the last treatment session. The protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20160820029436N3).ResultsOf the 32 selected volunteers, 24 subjects completed the study. The clinical assessment showed a significant improvement of the face appearance along with a significant reduction in dyschromia, and periorbital wrinkling (P‐value < .05), with both procedures without any considerable difference between two methods. Moreover, the patients showed substantial satisfaction with both modalities with no statistically significant difference. Mean TEWL and CRRT values also decreased significantly in both groups with no considerable difference. The downtime was significantly shorter in the microneedling‐treated side. There were no long‐lasting or severe adverse effects after treatment with both methods.ConclusionMicroneedling and fractional Er:YAG laser have comparable efficacy in facial rejuvenation, but little downtime of the former makes it preferable for many patients.
Fabrication of a Toe Prosthesis with Paintable and Interchangeable Nail: A Clinical Report
Authors: Colebeck Amanda , Canallatos Paul , McLean Terrence , Catanese Laura , Pawenski Edward , Burke Mark , Sullivan Maureen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis report describes the treatment of a 44‐year‐old woman with history of left great toe amputation due to surgical complications from metatarsophalangeal joint fusion procedure. The fabrication of a prosthetic great toe with interchangeable nail that is paintable is described in detail. This prosthetic demonstrates that the clinical and laboratory techniques used in fabrication of traditional maxillofacial prosthetics can be adapted for the fabrication of somatic prosthetics to enhance quality of life.
Perspectives of crisis intervention for people diagnosed with “borderline personality disorder”: An integrative review
Authors: Warrender Dan , Bain Heather , Murray Ian , Kennedy Catriona 
Published: May 2020

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

People diagnosed with “BPD” often experience crisis and use services

“BPD” is a controversial diagnosis, and the experience of crisis and crisis intervention is not well understood

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

People diagnosed with “BPD” have different experiences of crisis, and using the diagnosis alone as a basis for deciding care and treatment is not appropriate

There are many human factors which can influence how professionals deliver care to people diagnosed with “BPD”

What are the implications for practice?

The education of staff, views on responsibility, team conflicts and access to clinical supervision can have an impact on how care is delivered, and should be addressed by organizations providing crisis care.

Access to care often occurs when a person is self‐harming or suicidal, but does not address underlying distress. Crisis care should go beyond managing behaviour and address any underlying needs.

AbstractIntroduction“Borderline personality disorder” (“BPD”) is associated with frequent use of crisis intervention services. However, no robust evidence base supports specific interventions, and people's experiences are not well understood.AimTo explore the experiences of stakeholders involved in the crisis care of people diagnosed with “BPD.”MethodIntegrative review with nine databases searched January 2000 to November 2017. The search filtered 3,169 titles and abstracts with 46 full‐text articles appraised and included.ResultsFour themes were constructed from thematic analysis: crisis as a recurrent multidimensional cycle, variations and dynamics impacting on crisis intervention, impact of interpersonal dynamics and communication on crisis, and balancing decision‐making and responsibility in managing crisis.DiscussionCrisis is a multidimensional subjective experience, which also contributes to distress for family carers and professionals. Crisis interventions had limited and subjective benefit. They are influenced by accessibility of services, different understandings of “BPD” and human dynamics in complex decision‐making, and can be experienced as helpful or harmful.Implications for practiceSubjectivity of crisis experiences shows limitations of the diagnostic model of “BPD,” emphasizing that interventions should remain person‐centred. While thresholds for intervention are often met after self‐harm or suicidality, professionals should review approaches to care and support people with underlying distress.