bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Speed Forming of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics
Authors: Mattner Tobias , Popp Julian , Kleffel Tobias , Gröschel Christian , Drummer Dietmar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractForming processes of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic materials are oftentimes limited to high volume production due to the high costs for tooling and processing machines. This study suggests the combined use of a cold and simple tool and high forming speeds to reduce tooling and processing costs and enable the usage of common stamping machines. Half sphere samples are produced from single and two-layer polypropylene and glass fiber organo-sheets in a custom built drop tower and analyzed for their geometry, degree of re-consolidation, surface quality and potential fiber damage using a variety of microscopy techniques. While only mediocre degrees of re-consolidation and limited surface qualities can be achieved with the combination of a cold tooling and state-of-the-art forming speeds of 0–0.5 ms−1, the usage of a higher forming speed of 3 ms−1, vastly improves surface qualities and the degree of re-consolidation without any detectable fiber damage. This effect is more pronounced in the dual layer material. Extensive knowledge on the forming behavior of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics at high cooling rates and high speeds of deformation is required for sufficient process control and future studies need to further elaborate and quantify the influencing factors and limits of high-speed forming of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastics.
Carbon and nitrogen accumulation within four black walnut alley cropping sites across Missouri and Arkansas, USA
Authors: Thomas Andrew L. , Kallenbach Robert , Sauer Thomas J. , Brauer David K. , Burner David M. , Coggeshall Mark V. , Dold Christian , Rogers Wendi , Bardhan Sougata , Jose Shibu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAgroforestry systems that integrate useful long-lived trees have been recognized for their potential in mitigating the accumulation of atmospheric fossil fuel-derived carbon (C). Black walnut (Juglans nigra) is frequently planted and cultivated in North America for its valuable lumber and edible nuts, and is highly amenable to the integration of understory crops or livestock in agroforestry systems. However, little is known about C content in black walnut trees, including the amounts of C assimilated into lignocellulosic tissues within different tree compartments. Therefore, allometric equations for above- and below-ground compartments of 10-year-old black walnut trees across diverse locations were developed. Ten grafted black walnut trees from each of four sites across the midwestern USA were destructively harvested for above- and below-ground biomass, and dry biomass weight (DWw), C (Cw) and nitrogen (N; Nw) stocks were quantified. Soils surrounding the harvested trees were sampled and analyzed for soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN). Total DWwranged from 27 to 54 kg tree−1, with woody tissues containing an average of 467 g kg−1C and 3.5 g kg−1N. Woody tissues differed in Cwand Nwacross location, and above-ground sections contained more C and less N compared with most root tissues. The slopes of the allometric equations did not differ significantly among locations, while intercepts did, indicating that trees only differed in initial size across locations. SOC and TN did not vary in distance from the trees, likely because the trees were not yet old enough to have impacted the surrounding soils. Our results establish a foundation for quantifying C and N stocks in newly established black walnut alley cropping systems across diverse environments.
Predictors of Undergoing Colonoscopy, Does Time Horizon Matter?
Authors: Olchowska-Kotala Agnieszka , Bajcar Beata 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen talking to patients about undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy, their doctors can present the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) in different time horizons. Studies on time horizons suggest that people have different psychological associations for the near and distant future, which potentially influence their judgments and actions. The aim of this study was to examine what factors predict patients’ intentions to undergo diagnostic colonoscopy. We particularly focused on examining the role of the time horizon in which the probability of developing malignant CRC was presented, when taking into account the following factors: the perception of risk (perceived susceptibility to and perceived severity of CRC), expected discomfort related to the procedure, a previous colonoscopy, and subjective numeracy. Using the Health Belief Model, we sought to determine whether the intention to undergo a preventive colonoscopy is affected by the time horizon. We hypothesized that the risk of developing CRC in a proximal time horizon would be more threatening to an individual than a distal one and would consequently increase an individual’s behavioral intention to undergo a colonoscopy. We examined the effects of two different time horizons: the risk of developing a disease in the next few years and total lifetime risk. A total of 144 respondents (77 women and 67 men) aged 50–59 years participated in the study. We found that risk perception and expected discomfort significantly affected participants’ intention to undergo a colonoscopy. No empirical evidence was found to confirm that presenting a person with the risk of developing malignant CRC in the coming years, as compared to their lifetime risk, increases the behavioral intention to undergo a diagnostic colonoscopy.
Close Encounters of the Cell Kind: The Impact of Contact Inhibition on Tumour Growth and Cancer Models
Authors: Grimes David Robert , Fletcher Alexander G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCancer is a complex phenomenon, and the sheer variation in behaviour across different types renders it difficult to ascertain underlying biological mechanisms. Experimental approaches frequently yield conflicting results for myriad reasons, and mathematical modelling of cancer is a vital tool to explore what we cannot readily measure, and ultimately improve treatment and prognosis. Like experiments, models are underpinned by certain biological assumptions, variation of which can lead to divergent predictions. An outstanding and important question concerns contact inhibition of proliferation (CIP), the observation that proliferation ceases when cells are spatially confined by their neighbours. CIP is a characteristic of many healthy adult tissues, but it remains unclear to which extent it holds in solid tumours, which exhibit regions of hyper-proliferation, and apparent breakdown of CIP. What precisely occurs in tumour tissue remains an open question, which mathematical modelling can help shed light on. In this perspective piece, we explore the implications of different hypotheses and available experimental evidence to elucidate the implications of these scenarios. We also outline how erroneous conclusions about the nature of tumour growth may be arrived at by looking selectively at biological data in isolation, and how this might be circumvented.
Mathematical Modelling of Auxin Transport in Plant Tissues: Flux Meets Signalling and Growth
Authors: Allen Henry R. , Ptashnyk Mariya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlant hormone auxin has critical roles in plant growth, dependent on its heterogeneous distribution in plant tissues. Exactly how auxin transport and developmental processes such as growth coordinate to achieve the precise patterns of auxin observed experimentally is not well understood. Here we use mathematical modelling to examine the interplay between auxin dynamics and growth and their contribution to formation of patterns in auxin distribution in plant tissues. Mathematical models describing the auxin-related signalling pathway, PIN and AUX1 dynamics, auxin transport, and cell growth in plant tissues are derived. A key assumption of our models is the regulation of PIN proteins by the auxin-responsive ARF-Aux/IAA signalling pathway, with upregulation of PIN biosynthesis by ARFs. Models are analysed and solved numerically to examine the long-time behaviour and auxin distribution. Changes in auxin-related signalling processes are shown to be able to trigger transition between passage- and spot-type patterns in auxin distribution. The model was also shown to be able to generate isolated cells with oscillatory dynamics in levels of components of the auxin signalling pathway which could explain oscillations in levels of ARF targets that have been observed experimentally. Cell growth was shown to have influence on PIN polarisation and determination of auxin distribution patterns. Numerical simulation results indicate that auxin-related signalling processes can explain the different patterns in auxin distributions observed in plant tissues, whereas the interplay between auxin transport and growth can explain the ‘reverse-fountain’ pattern in auxin distribution observed at plant root tips.
Immobilization of β-Galactosidase From Aspergillus oryzae on Electrospun Gelatin Nanofiber Mats for the Production of Galactooligosaccharides
Authors: Sass Ann-Cathérine , Jördening Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTwo simple and easily reproducible methods for the immobilization of β-galactosidase (β-gal) from Aspergillus oryzae on electrospun gelatin nanofiber mats (GFM) were developed. The process was optimized regarding the electrospinning solvent system and the subsequent cross-linking of GFM in order to increase their stability in water. β-Gal was covalently immobilized on activated gelatin nanofiber mats with hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) as a bifunctional linker and secondly via entrapment into the gelatin nanofibers during the electrospinning process (suspension electrospinning). Optimal immobilization parameters for covalent immobilization were determined to be at pH 7.5, 40 °C, β-gal concentration of 1 mg/mL and immobilization time of 24.5 h. For suspension electrospinning, the optimal immobilization parameters were identified at pH 4.5 and β-gal concentration of 0.027 wt.% in the electrospinning solution. The pH and temperature optima of immobilized β-gal shifted from 30 °C, pH 4.5 (free enzyme) to pH 3.5, 50 °C (covalent immobilization) and pH 3.5, 40 °C (suspension electrospinning). Striking differences in the Michaelis constant (KM) of immobilized β-gal compared with free enzyme were observed with a reduction of KM up to 50% for immobilized enzyme. The maximum velocity (vmax) of immobilization by suspension electrospinning was almost 20 times higher than that of covalent immobilization. The maximum GOS yield for free β-gal was found to be 27.7% and 31% for immobilized β-gal.
CAR T-cell therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Hopfinger Georg , Worel Nina 
Published: January 2020

SummaryDiffuse large B‑cell lymphoma (DLBCL) comprises 30–40% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clinical factors such as a high International Prognostic Index (IPI) or molecular factors as cell of origin (COO) have an influence on the clinical outcome after conventional immunochemotherapy. Patients with resistant or relapsed (r/r) DLBCL have a poor prognosis with a median overall survival of 6,3 months and low complete response rates (CR 7%) to salvage chemoimmunotherapy. Currently, therapy with autologous chimeric antigen receptor T‑cells (CAR T‑cells) provide encouraging complete responses (CR) of up to 50%. However, high costs for approved products and elaborate logistics have to be encountered.
Ion Beam Processing for Sample Preparation of Hybrid Materials with Strongly Differing Mechanical Properties
Authors: Barienti Khemais , Kahra Christoph , Herbst Sebastian , Nürnberger Florian , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor studies of the interface zone of metallic composites with significantly differing mechanical properties across the interface, high-quality sample preparation is paramount. In particular, the analysis of the composition or geometric characteristics of intermetallic phases close to the interface requires a preparation specifically adapted to the actual sample. In the present study, the combination of ion beam processing and a conventional metallographic preparation routine is investigated. It is shown that by utilizing a suitable combination of metallographic and ion beam processing routines, the interface zone of metallic composites can be prepared specifically targeted to a given analytical task. Especially for material combinations with largely differing mechanical properties of the base materials, ion beam processing can greatly improve the sample preparation quality.
Relationship between Invasive and Echocardiographic Transvalvular Gradients after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Aalaei-Andabili Seyed Hossein , Park Ki E. , Choi Calvin Y. , Manning Eddie W. , Stinson Wade W. , Van Woerkom Ryan , Pilgrim Thomas , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Bavry Anthony A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Lower transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) pressure gradients have been reported after implantation of self-expanding valves compared with balloon-expandable valves; however, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between invasively measured transvalvular pressure gradients and Doppler-derived measurements.

Methods
From September 2013 to September 2018, patients with native aortic valve stenosis who had both intraoperative invasive and postoperative echocardiography transvalvular pressure gradients were included for analysis. We used parametric and nonparametric statistics to compare aortic gradients within and between groups.

Results
Of 171 patients, 152 (88.9%) patients had TAVR with a balloon-expandable valve and 19 (11.1%) with a self-expanding valve. Among all patients, the invasive aortic gradient was 7.8 ± 3.2 mmHg and the Doppler-derived aortic gradient was 11.0 ± 4.5 mmHg (p < 0.001). Among those who received a balloon-expandable valve, the invasive aortic gradient was 7.5 ± 3 mmHg and the Doppler aortic gradient was 11.4 ± 4.5 mmHg (p < 0.001). In contrast, among patients who received a self-expanding valve, the invasive aortic gradient was 10.3 ± 3.4 mmHg and the Doppler aortic gradient was 8.5 ± 4.6 mmHg (p = 0.18).

Conclusions
Balloon-expandable valves were associated with lower invasive measurements versus post-TAVR Doppler gradients, while results were inconclusive regarding self-expanding valves.
Mortalität von Patientinnen und Patienten auf einer Abteilung für Alterspsychiatrie in Graz, Österreich – Eine retrospektive Fall-Kontroll-Studie
Authors: Rásky Éva , Stolz Erwin , Jagsch Christian 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Grundlagen
Trotz der demografischen Entwicklung und der steigenden Zahl der psychiatrischen Erkrankungen älterer Menschen gibt es nur wenige wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu den Merkmalen von Patientinnen und Patienten in der Alterspsychiatrie und zu deren Sterblichkeit. In dieser retrospektiven Fall-Kontroll-Studie werden Patientendaten untersucht, um festzustellen, in welchen Merkmalen sich die dort verstorbenen von den entlassenen Patientinnen und Patienten unterscheiden.

Methodik
Insgesamt wurden 284 Patientenakten der Abteilung für Alterspsychiatrie und Alterspsychotherapie des Landeskrankenhaus Graz II ausgewertet. Zwischen 01.01.2015–31.12.2017 verstarben 51 Frauen und 91 Männer (= Fälle) im Krankenhaus. Diese wurden mit 142 nach Geschlecht gematchten und im selben Zeitraum entlassenen Patientinnen und Patienten (= Kontrollgruppe) verglichen. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels logistischer Regressionsmodelle.

Ergebnisse
Die auf der alterspsychiatrischen Station verstorbenen Patientinnen und Patienten waren deutlich älter und bei deutlich schlechterer physischer Gesundheit als die entlassenen Patientinnen und Patienten. Die Verstorbenen hatten gegenüber den Entlassenen eine 2,7-fach erhöhte Chance für eine ischämische Herzkrankheit, eine 2,5- bzw. 3‑fach erhöhte Chance aus einem Pflegeheim bzw. aus einem Krankenhaus überwiesen worden zu sein sowie eine 3‑fach erhöhte Chance für einen geringen funktionellen Status. Die Verstorbenen hatten zudem eine 4‑fach erhöhte Chance hoher CRP-Werte und einer Delir Diagnose gegenüber den Entlassenen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die verstorbenen Patientinnen und Patienten hatten einen erheblich schlechteren Gesundheitszustand und waren eher delirant verglichen mit den entlassenen Patientinnen und Patienten. Strukturell müssten gesundheitspolitische Vorkehrungen getroffen werden, damit nicht unnötige Transfers in alterspsychiatrische Abteilungen notwendig werden.
Feeling your neighbour: an experimental approach to the polysemy oftundma‘to feel’ in Estonian
Authors: PROOS MARIANN 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper offers an experimental approach to the polysemy of the Estonian perception verbtundma‘to feel’ from the perspective of theperception➔cognitionmetaphor. First, a sorting task is used to map how native speakers perceive the different senses oftundma‘to feel’. The results show that cognition-related senses oftundmaform the most distinct and coherent group. This set was researched further by means of a second experiment, a conceptual feature rating task. The aim of this task was to assess if the cognition-related meanings oftundmadiffer from other cognition verbs of Estonian (teadma‘to know’,aru saama‘to understand’) in that they are metaphorically linked to physical perception. It was predicted that native speakers use characteristics tied to the physical perception in the conceptualisation of the type of knowledge expressed bytundma. However, native speakers did not rate sentences withtundmaas more physical than sentences with abstract cognition verbs. This result is indicative of the nature of the semantics oftundmabeing more varied than was first thought. It is argued that the semantics oftundmarefer to it being a verb of general proximal perception.
Games of Belonging: Football, Boundaries and Politics between Germany and Turkey
Authors: Metzger Stefan , Özvatan Özgür 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInternational football is a field for national identity performances in which narratives of national belonging are articulated. Games of belonging capture discourses on and debates over national belonging. Up-and-coming national football team diversity, and its public promotion, was expected to facilitate boundary blurring in the politics of belonging; however, it caused highly contentious debates revolving around the question of who belongs to Germany and Turkey and who does not. For this reason, we ask how (ethnoculturally) diverse national football teams challenge established narratives of national belonging and, thereby, trigger debates over national belonging across time and space. We compared the media discourse on national team diversity in Germany and Turkey with a special focus on players who disrupt conceptions of ethnic and cultural homogeneity, namely Mesut Özil and Nuri Şahin. Our study illustrates that upcoming international football events constitute games of belonging. Actors from the media, football associations, and politics largely demanded unilateral national belonging from the disrupters, Özil and Şahin. Both players’ reactions, however, draw on conceptions of (trans-)national belonging which challenge and conflict with established narratives of (ethno-)national belonging.
Lactational changes of fatty acids and fat-soluble antioxidants in human milk from healthy Chinese mothers
Authors: Wu Ke , Zhu Jie , Zhou Lili , Shen Liwei , Mao Yingyi , Zhao Yanrong , Gao Runying , Lou Zeru , Cai Meiqin , Wang Bei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman milk fat is specially tailored to supply the developing infant with adequate and balanced nutrients. The present study aimed to quantify the composition of fatty acids, tocopherols and carotenoids in human milk, with special emphasis on the lactational changes. Colostrum, transitional and mature milk samples were collected longitudinally from the same forty-two healthy, well-nourished Chinese mothers. Fatty acids were quantified by GC with carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) and tocopherols (α-, γ-tocopherol) determined by HPLC. Total fatty acid (TFA) content increased from 15·09 g/l in colostrum to 32·57 g/l in mature milk with the percentages of DHA and arachidonic acid (ARA) decreased. The ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA and ARA:DHA remained constant during lactation at about 11:1 and 1·3:1, respectively. Both α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol decreased over lactation with the ratio of α-:γ-tocopherol declined significantly from 7·21:1 to 4·21:1 (P < 0·001). Carotenoids all dropped from colostrum to mature milk as the less polar carotenes dropped by 88·67 %, while xanthophylls only dropped by 35·92 %. Lutein was predominated in both transitional and mature milk carotenoids (51·64–52·49 %), while colostrum carotenoids were mainly composed of lycopene (32·83 %) and β-carotene (30·78 %). The concentrations of tocopherols and xanthophylls but not carotenes were positively associated with TFA content in milk. These results suggested that colostrum and mature milk contained divergent lipid profiles and selective transfer mechanisms related to polarity might be involved. The present outcomes provide new insights for future breast-feeding studies, which also add in scientific evidences for the design of both initial and follow-on infant formulas.
Effects of a fish weir on the structure of the macrobenthic community of a tropical sandy beach on the Amazon coast
Authors: dos Santos Thuareag Monteiro Trindade , Aviz Daiane 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of a fish weir, a fixed trap used by artisanal fisheries, on the intertidal macrobenthic infauna of a macrotidal sandy beach on the Amazon coast. Biological and sediment samples were collected from within the weir and at five points of increasing distance (10 cm, 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 5 m and 50 m) from the external portion of the trap. The sediments from the weir and at 10 cm were dominated by mud, with a gradual decline in fine grains, water content and organic matter with increasing distance from the weir to 50 m (control). Taxon abundance and richness were significantly higher in the weir and at 10 cm than at the other sampling points. There was a trend of decreasing density and richness of the infauna from the weir to 1 m (which was a point of transition between the muddy and sandy sediments), after which the biological descriptors tended to increase once again. A shift was also observed in the dominant trophic groups, with a decrease in the abundance of the deposit feeders with increasing distance from the weir. By contrast, predators were more abundant at the points further from the weir. Our results indicate that fish weirs alter the associated sedimentary habitats, due to the increased protection from the action of waves and currents, with a micro-scale (from a few centimetres to 1–2 m) influence on the local macrofauna.