bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etomidate Use for Rapid Sequence Intubation Is Not Associated With Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Hidalgo Daniel Colon , Amin Vishali , Hukku Arushi , Kutlu Kathryn , Rech Megan A. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Etomidate is commonly used for induction of anesthesia for rapid sequence intubation (RSI). It has little impact on hemodynamic status, making it a widely used agent. Due to the inhibition of cortisol production, etomidate causes adrenal suppression. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a correlation with etomidate use and the incidence of secondary infections. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients who received either etomidate or control (ketamine, propofol, or no agent) for RSI. The primary endpoint was the incidence of secondary infections. Secondary outcomes included number of mechanical ventilator-free days within 28 days, 30-day mortality, length of hospital stay, and length of intensive care unit stay. Results: A total of 434 patients were reviewed, of which 129 (29.7%) met the study criteria (n = 94 etomidate; n = 35 control). The incidence of secondary infection was numerically higher in the etomidate group compared with the control group, though this was not statistically significant (38.7% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.447). Also, though the secondary outcomes showed no statistically significant difference between the groups, the patients in the control group had a longer hospital stay (14.0 vs. 18.1, p = 0.20) and a longer ICU stay (11.0 vs. 14.1, p = 030). Furthermore, the etomidate group had a non-statistically significant higher incidence of bacteremia (8 vs. 0, p = 0.17) Conclusion: The use of etomidate was not associated with increased incidence of secondary infection. To fully understand the effects of etomidate use and its subsequent adrenal suppression, larger studies are needed.
Effects of Dicer1 targeted by EBV-miR-BART6-5p on biological properties and radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tang Jing , Liu Zhao-Yang , Tang Yi , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To discuss the effects of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded BamHI A rightward transcript (BART) microRNA (miR-BART6-5p) by targeting Dicer1 on biological properties and radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: NPC patients (n = 96) treated with radiotherapy were collected from Jan 2010 to Jan 2011. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were carried out to measure the expression of miR-BART6-5p and Dicer1. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified that miR-BART6-5p targeted Dicer1. CCK8, wound-healing, Transwell and Annexin-FITC/PI were employed to evaluate the effects of Dicer1 mediated by miR-BART6-5p on biological characteristics of NPC cells. The radiosensitivity of miR-BART6-5p targeting Dicer1 was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Results: Increased miR-BART6-5p and decreased Dicer1 were discovered in NPC patients, displaying a close association with T-stage, clinical stage, as well as Pre-DNA of NPC. While elevated Dicer1 and miR-BART6-5p down-regulation in NPC patients were found after effective radiotherapy. Both miR-BART6-5p and Dicer1 were prognostic factors of NPC. Down-regulation of miR-BART6-5p could enhance Dicer1 expression and inhibit NPC cell proliferation, invasion and migration with promoted apoptosis. Clone formation assay also showed miR-BART6-5p down-regulation reduced planting efficiency (PE), which further decreased with the increased dose of irradiation. Injection with miR-BART6-5p inhibitors in nude mice after 6-Gy irradiation contributed to the overexpression of Dicer1 and the inhibition of tumor growth. Conclusions: EBV-miR-BART6-5p may target Dicer1 to facilitate proliferation and metastasis of NPC cells and suppress apoptosis, thus being a new target for NPC therapy.
Theorising child well-being: Towards a framework for analysing Early Childhood Education policy in England
Authors: Street Martina 
Published: December 2020

‘Well-being’ is increasingly used in child rights discourses and early childhood education (ECE) policy contexts as a desirable outcome for young children. In spite of its ubiquitous use, however, child well-being remains largely under-theorised, thereby contributing to implicit understandings within policy arenas. This paper contributes to attempts to address this gap by proposing a theoretical framework of child well-being. The framework is developed in stages. First, two prominent approaches to well-being are described: distributive and relational approaches. Distributive approaches are subdivided into primary goods theory and capability theory. These theories focus on differential approaches to resource distribution. Relational approaches to well-being are then considered. These focus on the intrinsic importance of the processes of well-being. Second, the concepts privileged by each of these well-being theories are further developed into a framework by reflecting on children’s rights to provision, protection and participation as promoted by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Following this, the framework is used to analyse ECE policy with a specific focus on the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) curriculum and measurement requirements. Academic literatures examining ECE policy is then reviewed to extrapolate understandings of the potential implications of this policy for young children’s well-being. The findings suggest that the EYFS theorises well-being in ways that are limited and may be limiting of young children’s well beings and doings. The associated measurement practices and curriculum goals, in particular, may undermine practice supportive of young children’s well-being.
Fight Against Doping as a Social Performance: The Case of the 2015–2016 Russian Anti-Doping Crisis
Authors: Ohl Fabien , Fincoeur Bertrand , Schoch Lucie 
Published: December 2020

In 2016, the Olympic Movement had to face a major crisis of state sponsored doping in Russia. This crisis raised suspicions about the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the World Anti-doping Agency’s (WADA) efficiency and integrity. This article focuses on the Russian doping case, as it offers rich and diverse empirical material that helps understand the social context of the production and circulation of performance. To this end, we articulate Bourdieu’s fields theory and Abbott’s linked ecologies as relevant models to analyse and discuss our case study and its implications. We used newspaper articles on the Russian crisis, a content analysis of official WADA and IOC publications, and field notes taken during informal talks with anti-doping stakeholders. In this article, it is argued that IOC and WADA’s social performance was ineffective for three reasons. First, the crisis revealed the gap between the promises of anti-doping and the widespread doping in Russia. Second, it demonstrated the extent to which the Russian crisis fragilised the binding role of the sport doxa, reinforced the role of anti-doping stakeholders’ specific ecologies and belittled cooperation between them to display a shared meaning of the situation. Third, embedded in a complex web of interactions and interdependencies with other actors, WADA and the IOC were unable to perform a convincing ‘social performance’ and both were judged to be ineffective and untrustworthy. The results of the study show (1) the importance of the diachronic dimension of social performance; (2) the relevance of relying on Bourdieu’s field theory to understand the central role of temporality in the production of meanings; (3) the usefulness of Abbott’s perspective to understand that producers do not control the meanings and understand how they were reframed; (4) the relative autonomy of the meanings associated with social performance.
Effect of Benralizumab in Patients With Severe Eosinophilic Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Case Series
Authors: Chitguppi Chandala , Patel Prachi , Gandler Alan , Murphy Kira , Khoury, MD Tawfiq , Monostra Pamela , Bork Stephanie , Toskala Elina , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc , Nyquist Gurston , Most Jessica 
Published: December 2020

Objective To analyze the effect of benralizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma (SA) and chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwP). Methods Retrospective review of patients with both SA and CRSwP that were treated with benralizumab. Asthma controlled test (ACT), pulmonary function metrics (FEV1), Meltzer endoscopic polyp scores, SNOT-22 scores, were collected before and after at least 4 months of benralizumab therapy. Results 23 patients were included. The mean age at the time of enrollment into benralizumab therapy was 50.47 ± 17.3 years and majority (65.2%, n = 15) were males. Pulmonary Effects: In comparison to baseline ACT, scores at four months showed significant improvement (p = 0.03). In those with pre and post spirometry measurements, mean FEV1 showed significant increase following benralizumab therapy (p = 0.04) with a mean increase of 547 mL ± 597 mL following therapy. Sinonasal Effects: 78.5% of subjects on benralizumab had a significant improvement in sinonasal symptoms (p = 0.009) based on their SNOT-22 scores. Additionally, there was an improvement in endoscopic polyp scores, although not statistically significant, following benralizumab therapy (p = 0.2) with 54.5% patients showing improvement. Conclusion Usage of benralizumab in patients with SA and CRSwNP can lead to significantly improved asthma control, lung function, and sinonasal quality of life. Additionally, in this patient population, there was a subset of patients that showed a significant reduction in polyp burden.
Evaluating hospital information system according to ISO 9241 part 12
Authors: Montazeri Mahdieh , Khajouei Reza , Montazeri Mitra 
Published: December 2020

Objectives Compliance with standards in designing information systems leads to better utilization and ease of use for users. In this study, the compliance of a widely used hospital information system (HIS) with ISO 9241 part 12 was assessed. Methods This applied research is a descriptive, cross-sectional study in which the HIS of 8 hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences was evaluated based on ISO 9241 part 12. Data were collected by using ISO 9241/12 checklist. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 using descriptive statistics. Results The analysis of data showed that the total compliance of the software with the ISO 9241/12 was 72%. The compliance of the software based on different groups of recommendations was 79% with Organization of information, 91% with Graphic objects, and 58% with Coding techniques. Compliance with different subgroups of ISO recommendations ranged from 28% related to “color coding” in coding techniques to 97% related to “General recommendation for graphical objects” in Graphic objects. Conclusion According to this study, the design of a widely used HIS has fairly good compliance with the standard but still suffers from some problems. Considering the role of accurate, valid and timely information in management of the hospitals, and the difficulty of system optimization after implementation, it is necessary that software developers follow existing standards when designing health information systems.
Posterior stability in posterior-stabilized vs medially congruent total knee replacement: A radiological comparison of two polyethylene designs in a single model
Authors: Stramazzo Leonardo , Bassi Nicolo’ , Ghirardelli Stefano , Amoroso Tommaso , Osti Leonardo , Indelli Pier Francesco 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The purpose of this radiological study was to assess the posterior laxity of a single model of a total knee arthroplasty design (TKA) having a medially constrained (MC) or a Posterior-Stabilized (PS) polyethylene insert using a well-documented stress x-ray. To the authors knowledge, this is the first report evaluating MC TKA outcomes according to the “kneeling view.” Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with non-traumatic primary knee osteoarthritis undergoing TKA were first matched by age, sex, BMI and diagnosis and then divided in two groups: group A (37 knees) received a MC TKA and group B (23 knees) a PS implant made by the same manufacturer. In all cases the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was resected. All patients underwent the same postoperative “kneeling view” and were also clinically evaluated according to the Knee Society Score (KSS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Radiographic measurements were taken by tracing a line along the posterior cortex of the tibia and then measuring the perpendicular distance to a point marked at the posterior corner of Blumensaat’s line. Results: At 12 months minimum FU, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in all the clinical scores. There was a statistically significant difference on kneeling view values between the two groups (P = 0.0002): the mean value in the MC group was −1.97 ± 3.8 mm while was −5.6 ± 3.1 mm in the PS group. In both groups, the average position of the posterior cortex of the tibia was anterior to the posterior corner of Blumensaat’s line, showing absence of instability in flexion. Conclusion: This study highlighted that the PCL removal, accompanied by a precise surgical technique, did not increase the instability in flexion in two groups of patients having the same TKA design but polyethylene inserts characterized by different levels of constraint.
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and pioglitazone for its therapy: a comprehensive review with an emphasis on the molecular pathogenesis and pharmacological aspects
Authors: Saini Aryendu Kumar , Saini Rakesh , Singh Shubham 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited chronic kidney disorder (CKD) that is characterized by the development of numerous fluid-filled cysts in kidneys. It is caused either due to the mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 gene that encodes polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, respectively. This condition progresses into end-stage renal disorder if the renal or extra-renal clinical manifestations remain untreated. Several clinical trials with a variety of drugs have failed, and the only Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) approved drug to treat ADPKD to date is tolvaptan that works by antagonizing the vasopressin-2 receptor (V2R). The pathology of ADPKD is complex and involves the malfunction of different signaling pathways like cAMP, Hedgehog, and MAPK/ERK pathway owing to the mutated product that is polycystin-1 or 2. A measured yet substantial number of preclinical studies have found pioglitazone to decrease the cystic burden and improve the renal function in ADPKD. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is found on the epithelial cells of renal collecting tubule and when it gets agonized by pioglitazone, confers efficacy in ADPKD treatment through multiple mechanisms. There is only one clinical trial (ongoing) wherein it is being assessed for its benefits and risk in patients with ADPKD, and is expected to get approval from the regulatory body owing to its promising therapeutic effects. This article would encompass the updated information on the epidemiology, pathophysiology of ADPKD, different mechanisms of action of pioglitazone in the treatment of ADPKD with preclinical and clinical shreds of evidence, and related safety updates.
Laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy in resource-constrained developing world hospitals: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Singh Avikar , Urry Ronald James 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic nephrectomy is the standard of care for nephrectomy in most developed countries. Its adoption in our setting has been limited due to lack of equipment and expertise. This paper sets out to show that laparoscopic nephrectomy is technically feasible in the state sector in South Africa.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed of all patients having undergone nephrectomy over a five-year period at two state hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Demographic information, pre-operative imaging findings, operative information and post-operative outcomes were analysed.

Results
Nephrectomy was performed in 196 patients. Open nephrectomy (ON) was the intended surgical approach in 73% (n = 143) and laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) in 27% (n = 53). The conversion rate from LN to ON was 11% (n = 6). For malignancies, there was no difference in surgical resection margin status across the ON, LN and conversion groups; however, tumour size was larger in the conversion group compared to the LN group. Estimated blood loss and transfusion rates were lower in the LN group. The average length of hospital stay was shorter in the LN group (5 vs 10 days). High dependency unit (HDU) admission rate was lower in the LN group (12.1%) compared to the ON group (50%) and the conversion group (40%). No difference in high-grade complications was noted between the ON and LN groups, and more patients in the LN group (82.5%) had no complications compared to the open group (9.9%).

Conclusion
LN is non-inferior to ON in terms of operative time, oncology outcomes and high-grade complications. LN is superior in terms of blood loss, transfusion rate, length of hospital stay and overall complication rate. LN appears to show technical feasibility in the state sector and highlights the need for laparoscopic training.
Proteome sequencing and analysis of Ophiocordyceps sinensis at different culture periods
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Bo , Men Xiao-Hui , Xu Zhe-Wen , Wu Hui , Qin Xiang-Tian , Xu Feng , Teng Yi , Yuan Shui-Jin , Jin Li-Qun , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Zheng Yu-Guo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Ophiocordyceps sinensis is an important traditional Chinese medicine for its comprehensive active ingredients, such as cordycepin, cordycepic acid, and Cordyceps polysaccharide. O. sinensis zjut, a special strain isolated from O. sinensis, has similar pharmacological functions to wild O. sinensis. Currently, O. sinensis with artificial cultivation has been widely studied, but systematic fundamental research at protein levels has not been determined.

Results
Proteomes of O. sinensis zjut at different culture periods (growth period, 3rd day; pre-stable period, 6th day; and stable period, 9th day) were relatively quantified by relative isotope markers and absolute quantitative technology. In total, 4005 proteins were obtained and further annotated with Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. Based on the result of the annotations, metabolic pathways of active ingredients, amino acids and fatty acid were constructed, and the related enzymes were exhibited. Subsequently, comparative proteomics of O. sinensis zjut identified the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) by growth in different culture periods, to find the important proteins involved in metabolic pathways of active ingredients. 605 DEPs between 6d-VS-3d, 1188 DEPs between 9d-VS-3d, and 428 DEPs between 9d-VS-6d were obtained, respectively.

Conclusion
This work provided scientific basis to study protein profile and comparison of protein expression levels of O. sinensis zjut, and it will be helpful for metabolic engineering works to active ingredients for exploration, application and improvement of this fungus.
Comparative evaluation for the globin gene depletion methods for mRNA sequencing using the whole blood-derived total RNAs
Authors: Jang Jin Sung , Berg Brianna , Holicky Eileen , Eckloff Bruce , Mutawe Mark , Carrasquillo Minerva M. , Ertekin-Taner Nilüfer , Cuninngham Julie M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
There are challenges in generating mRNA-Seq data from whole-blood derived RNA as globin gene and rRNA are frequent contaminants. Given the abundance of erythrocytes in whole blood, globin genes comprise some 80% or more of the total RNA. Therefore, depletion of globin gene RNA and rRNA are critical steps required to have adequate coverage of reads mapping to the reference transcripts and thus reduce the total cost of sequencing. In this study, we directly compared the performance of probe hybridization (GLOBINClear Kit and Globin-Zero Gold rRNA Removal Kit) and RNAse-H enzymatic depletion (NEBNext® Globin & rRNA Depletion Kit and Ribo-Zero Plus rRNA Depletion Kit) methods from 1 μg of whole blood-derived RNA on mRNA-Seq profiling. All RNA samples were treated with DNaseI for additional cleanup before the depletion step and were processed for poly-A selection for library generation.

Results
Probe hybridization revealed a better overall performance than the RNAse-H enzymatic depletion method, detecting a higher number of genes and transcripts without 3′ region bias. After depletion, samples treated with probe hybridization showed globin genes at 0.5% (±0.6%) of the total mapped reads; the RNAse-H enzymatic depletion had 3.2% (±3.8%). Probe hybridization showed more junction reads and transcripts compared with RNAse-H enzymatic depletion and also had a higher correlation (R > 0.9) than RNAse-H enzymatic depletion (R > 0.85).

Conclusion
In this study, our results showed that 1 μg of high-quality RNA from whole blood could be routinely used for transcriptional profiling analysis studies with globin gene and rRNA depletion pre-processing. We also demonstrated that the probe hybridization depletion method is better suited to mRNA sequencing analysis with minimal effect on RNA quality during depletion procedures.
Overexpression of AtAHL20 causes delayed flowering in Arabidopsis via repression of FT expression
Authors: Tayengwa Reuben , Sharma Koirala Pushpa , Pierce Courtney F. , Werner Breanna E. , Neff Michael M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 29-member ArabidopsisAHLgene family is classified into three main classes based on nucleotide and protein sequence evolutionary differences. These differences include the presence or absence of introns, type and/or number of conserved AT-hook and PPC domains.AHLgene family members are divided into two phylogenetic clades, Clade-A and Clade-B. A majority of the 29 members remain functionally uncharacterized. Furthermore, the biological significance of the DNA and peptide sequence diversity, observed in the conserved motifs and domains found in the different AHL types, is a subject area that remains largely unexplored.ResultsTransgenic plants overexpressingAtAHL20flowered later than the wild type under both short and long days. Transcript accumulation analyses showed that35S:AtAHL20plants contained reducedFT, TSF, AGL8andSPL3mRNA levels. Similarly, overexpression ofAtAHL20’sorthologue inCamelina sativa,Arabidopsis’ closely relatedBrassicaceaefamily member species, conferred a late-flowering phenotype via suppression ofCsFTexpression. However, overexpression of an aberrantAtAHL20gene harboring a missense mutation in the AT-hook domain’s highly conserved R-G-R core motif abolished the late-flowering phenotype. Data from targeted yeast-two-hybrid assays showed that AtAHL20 interacted with itself and several other Clade-A Type-I AHLs which have been previously implicated in flowering-time regulation: AtAHL19, AtAHL22 and AtAHL29.ConclusionWe showed via gain-of-function analysis thatAtAHL20is a negative regulator ofFTexpression, as well as other downstream flowering time regulating genes. A similar outcome inCamelina sativatransgenic plants overexpressingCsAHL20suggest that this is a conserved function. Our results demonstrate thatAtAHL20acts as a photoperiod-independent negative regulator of transition to flowering.