bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O34 A SLIGHTLY CRAZY BUT INFORMATIVE EXPERIMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE HEAD DOWN (HD) POSTURE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY AND OESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION (OGJ) USING HIGH RESOLUTION OESOPHAGEAL MANOMETRY
Authors: Al-Saadi Hatem , Evans Stephanie , Sharples Alistair , Bradbury SCarl , Rao Vittal , Nagammapudur Balaji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
It is known that posture (Supine Vs Sitting) variations can affect the dynamics and manometric characteristics of the OG junction and Oesophageal motility.

Aims
To study the effect of the Head Down (HD) upside down posture on the esophageal motility characteristics and dynamics of the OG junction using High resolution manometry. This would partially replicate the effect of Obesity (High Intraabdominal pressure) on the OGJ.

Methods
A single crazy (but sane) volunteer who had no symptoms of GORD served as the model for this unique experiment. A high-resolution manometry was performed using a solid-state transducer catheter with 36 channels.
The study was performed in the sitting, supine and head down posture. Basal characteristics recording followed by wet swallows of 5ml of water and completed by rapid water swallows was done in each posture.
Analysis was performed in the standard fashion using Chicago classification metrics. Further correlation of findings with a multipostural barium video oesophagogram is awaited.

Results

The procedure was completed satisfactorily in all the three postures. Satisfactory progression of swallows in a peristaltic sequence was obtained in all the 3 postures. However it was noted that there was a sequential change in the following parameters from the sitting to the supine to head down postures. Increased residual and contraction pressures in the Cricopharyngeal high pressure zone more pronounced in the HD position.
Decreased amplitude of contraction of peristaltic sequences Decrease in slope of the peristaltic wave in the HD posture Diminished resting pressure in the HD position Exaggerated separation of the crural diaphragm (CD) and LES on the HD position Increased intragastric pressures in the HD position.

Conclusion
The above experiment is the first reported of Oesophageal function and OGJ dynamics in a completely unaided head down position using high resolution manometry and video fluoroscopy. The findings may serve to imitate the effect of Obesity on the OJ junction
O97 ADJUVANT CHEMORADIOTHERAPY IS BENEFICIAL IN MARGIN POSITIVE PATIENTS FOLLOWING NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AND SURGERY FOR LOWER OESOPHAGEAL AND GOJ ADENOCARCINOMA
Authors: Bott R , Zylstra J , Wilkinson M , Knight W , Baker C , Kelly M , Maisey N , Beckmann K , Van Hemelrijck M , Gossage J , Allum W , Smyth E , Cunningham D , Davies A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the survival benefit of adjuvant therapy in margin positive patients following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for lower oesophageal and GOJ adenocarcinoma.

Background & Methods
The role of adjuvant therapy in oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma patients treated by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is contentious. In UK practice, surgical resection margin status is often used to stratify patients into receiving adjuvant treatment. Two prospectively collected UK institutional databases were combined. Patients were classified by the adjuvant therapy received. Crude and adjusted Cox regression analyses compared overall and recurrence free survival according to the adjuvant treatment, stratified by resection margin status. Recurrence patterns were assessed as a secondary outcome.

Results
From a total of 616 patients, 242 had positive margins. In this R1 resection group, 112 patients (46%) received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared to 46 patients (19%) who received adjuvant chemotherapy and 84 patients (35%) who received no adjuvant treatment. On adjusted analysis, pathological N3 status (p<0.001) and poor differentiation (p=0.024) were independently associated with overall survival. When stratified by tumour response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, a significant survival benefit in non-responders (Mandard Grade 4&5, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy HR 0.61 95%CI 0.38-0.97; p=0.037) was observed. Additionally, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy significantly improved recurrence free survival (HR 0.59 95%CI 0.38-0.94; p=0.026) with a specific benefit for systemic recurrence (HR 0.56 95%CI 0.33-0.94; p=0.027) in both responder (Mandard Grade 1-3) and non-responder (Mandard Grade 4&5) patient groups.

Conclusion
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improves overall survival, recurrence-free survival and systemic recurrence rates in R1 resection patients. This pattern is most pronounced in non-responders (Mandard 4&5) to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy suggesting a change in strategy to be effective for this specific patient group.
Firm Reputation, Innovation and Employee Startups
Authors: Zábojník Ján 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article studies how a firm’s reputation for rewarding innovative employees affects innovation and startup creation. In any Pareto-efficient equilibrium of the repeated game, low-value innovations are developed in-house, while high-value innovations are developed in startups. When distributions of ideas are ordered by simple cases of first- or second-order stochastic dominance, the firm has a preference for an extreme distribution. The article also characterises the optimal relational contract and workers’ incentives to invest in innovation. The model’s predictions are consistent with a broad set of observed regularities regarding the creation of employee startups.
Defining the eco-enzymological role of the fungal strain Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 in a tripartite lignocellulolytic microbial consortium
Authors: Jiménez Diego Javier , Wang Yanfang , Chaib de Mares Maryam , Cortes-Tolalpa Larisa , Mertens Jeffrey A , Hector Ronald E , Lin Junyan , Johnson Jenifer , Lipzen Anna , Barry Kerrie , Mondo Stephen J , Grigoriev Igor V , Nichols Nancy N , van Elsas Jan Dirk 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Coniochaeta species are versatile ascomycetes that have great capacity to deconstruct lignocellulose. Here, we explore the transcriptome of Coniochaeta sp. strain 2T2.1 from wheat straw-driven cultures with the fungus growing alone or as a member of a synthetic microbial consortium with Sphingobacterium multivorum w15 and Citrobacter freundii so4. The differential expression profiles of carbohydrate-active enzymes indicated an onset of (hemi)cellulose degradation by 2T2.1 during the initial 24 hours of incubation. Within the tripartite consortium, 63 transcripts of strain 2T2.1 were differentially expressed at this time point. The presence of the two bacteria significantly upregulated the expression of one galactose oxidase, one GH79-like enzyme, one multidrug transporter, one laccase-like protein (AA1 family) and two bilirubin oxidases, suggesting that inter-kingdom interactions (e.g. amensalism) take place within this microbial consortium. Overexpression of multicopper oxidases indicated that strain 2T2.1 may be involved in lignin depolymerization (a trait of enzymatic synergism), while S. multivorum and C. freundii have the metabolic potential to deconstruct arabinoxylan. Under the conditions applied, 2T2.1 appears to be a better degrader of wheat straw when the two bacteria are absent. This conclusion is supported by the observed suppression of its (hemi)cellulolytic arsenal and lower degradation percentages within the microbial consortium.
Secrets and Lies: Francesca Melandri’s Sangue Giusto (2017) and the Uncovered Memory of Italian East Africa
Authors: Burdett Charles 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
It is true that expansionism under Fascism did not, for a long time, receive the attention that it deserved. This period of historiographic and literary amnesia has now, however, come to a close. As regards literary production, recent years have seen the publication of a number of highly regarded works – by such well-known writers as Gabriella Ghermandi or Igiaba Scego – that have used the novel as a means of exploring the legacies of empire. The article explores one of the most recent additions to this body of work, Francesca Melandri’s Sangue giusto (2017). More specifically, it addresses the theme of secrets and their revelation that lies at the heart of the novel. It investigates the social and psychological ramifications of the discovery of the nature of imperial conquest under Fascism. It also explores how the novel interacts with the writing of those transnational African/Italian authors who have confronted the legacy of Italy’s colonial past. The article considers the overall vision that Sangue giusto offers of Italy’s relationship with Ethiopia, of the conceptual universe of colonialism, and of the enduring topicality of the memory of Italy’s imperial past.
Association Between Medications Acting on the Central Nervous System and Fall-Related Injuries in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A New User Cohort Study
Authors: Gray Shelly L , Marcum Zachary A , Dublin Sascha , Walker Rod , Golchin Negar , Rosenberg Dori E , Bowles Erin J , Crane Paul , Larson Eric B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
It is well established that individual medications that affect the central nervous system (CNS) increase falls risk in older adults. However, less is known about risks associated with taking multiple CNS-active medications.

Methods
Employing a new user design, we used data from the Adult Changes in Thought study, a prospective cohort of community-dwelling people aged 65 and older without dementia. We created a time-varying composite measure of CNS-active medication exposure from electronic pharmacy fill data and categorized into mutually exclusive categories: current (within prior 30 days), recent (31–90 days), past (91–365 days), or nonuse (no exposure in prior year). We calculated standardized daily dose and identified new initiation. Cox proportional hazards models examined the associations between exposures and the outcome of fall-related injury identified from health plan electronic databases.

Results
Two thousand five hundred ninety-five people had 624 fall-related injuries over 15,531 person-years of follow-up. Relative to nonuse, fall-related injury risk was significantly greater for current use of CNS-active medication (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.57–2.42), but not for recent or past use. Among current users, increased risk was noted with all doses. Risk was increased for new initiation compared with no current use (HR = 2.81; 95% CI = 2.09–3.78). Post hoc analyses revealed that risk was especially elevated with new initiation of opioids.

Conclusions
We found that current use, especially new initiation, of CNS-active medications was associated with fall-related injury in community-dwelling older adults. Increased risk was noted with all dose categories. Risk was particularly increased with new initiation of opioids.
Comparison Between Multicomponent Exercise and Walking Interventions in Long-Term Nursing Homes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rezola-Pardo Chloe , Rodriguez-Larrad Ana , Gomez-Diaz Julen , Lozano-Real Garbiñe , Mugica-Errazquin Itxaso , Patiño Maria Jesus , Bidaurrazaga-Letona Iraia , Irazusta Jon , Gil Susana María 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
There is evidence that exercise interventions counteract the functional and cognitive decline experienced by long-term nursing home (LTNH) residents. To determine the most effective exercise intervention, we compared the effects of a multicomponent exercise intervention and a walking intervention on physical and cognitive performance, habitual physical activity, affective function, and quality of life among older adults living in LTNHs.

Research Design and Methods
This 3-month single-blind randomized controlled trial (NCT03996083) involved 81 participants at 9 LTNHs randomly assigned to a multicomponent (MG) or a walking (WG) group. The MG participated in a twice-a-week individualized and progressive program composed of strength and balance exercises for 3 months. The WG was also individualized and participants walked up to 20 min per day. The primary outcome was the score on the short physical performance battery (SPPB). Secondary outcomes included other physical performance tests, habitual physical activity, cognitive performance, affective function, and quality of life.

Results
Compared with the WG, the MG group showed greater improvements in physical performance, including the SPPB (p &lt; .05). No significant differences were observed in cognitive performance or habitual physical activity. Both groups showed improvements in anxiety and quality of life (p &lt; .05).

Discussion and Implications
Although both interventions were effective in maintaining or improving affective function, the MG conferred greater improvements in physical function. Therefore, multicomponent interventions would be preferable over walking-only interventions. Otherwise, individualized and progressive walking interventions should be implemented to face the rapid decline in functionality encountered in LTNHs.
‘Do you trust those data?’—a mixed-methods study assessing the quality of data reported by community health workers in Kenya and Malawi
Authors: Regeru Regeru Njoroge , Chikaphupha Kingsley , Bruce Kumar Meghan , Otiso Lilian , Taegtmeyer Miriam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
High-quality data are essential to monitor and evaluate community health worker (CHW) programmes in low- and middle-income countries striving towards universal health coverage. This mixed-methods study was conducted in two purposively selected districts in Kenya (where volunteers collect data) and two in Malawi (where health surveillance assistants are a paid cadre). We calculated data verification ratios to quantify reporting consistency for selected health indicators over 3 months across 339 registers and 72 summary reports. These indicators are related to antenatal care, skilled delivery, immunization, growth monitoring and nutrition in Kenya; new cases, danger signs, drug stock-outs and under-five mortality in Malawi. We used qualitative methods to explore perceptions of data quality with 52 CHWs in Kenya, 83 CHWs in Malawi and 36 key informants. We analysed these data using a framework approach assisted by NVivo11. We found that only 15% of data were reported consistently between CHWs and their supervisors in both contexts. We found remarkable similarities in our qualitative data in Kenya and Malawi. Barriers to data quality mirrored those previously reported elsewhere including unavailability of data collection and reporting tools; inadequate training and supervision; lack of quality control mechanisms; and inadequate register completion. In addition, we found that CHWs experienced tensions at the interface between the formal health system and the communities they served, mediated by the social and cultural expectations of their role. These issues affected data quality in both contexts with reports of difficulties in negotiating gender norms leading to skipping sensitive questions when completing registers; fabrication of data; lack of trust in the data; and limited use of data for decision-making. While routine systems need strengthening, these more nuanced issues also need addressing. This is backed up by our finding of the high value placed on supportive supervision as an enabler of data quality.
Providing Health Care to Maltreated Children Receiving Child Welfare Services
Authors: Cheng Tyrone C , Lo Celia C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study sought associations between maltreated children’s receipt of needed health care and five other variables or sets of variables: medical need, social structural factors, access to care, demographic factors, and child welfare intervention. Data for this study came from longitudinal records derived for a sample of 1,465 children (extracted from all records in a national data set) for whom maltreatment had been substantiated. Children in the sample had, following substantiation, either remained in the home or been placed in kinship care or other out-of-home setting. Generalized estimating equations were applied to the data. The results supported a negative association between the sample’s receipt of needed health care and three factors: general physical health, age, and remaining in the home after substantiation. Data analysis also supported a positive association between receiving needed care and Medicaid receipt, family income of between 100 percent and 200 percent of federal poverty level, family income above 200 percent of federal poverty level, needed health care services included in child welfare case plan, and wave 2 interview. The study’s implications for social work practice include the necessity of accurately identifying children’s health problems, of addressing health needs in the case plan, and of coordinating meaningfully with health professionals.
Tilting Bundles on Hypertoric Varieties
Authors: Špenko Špela , Van den Bergh Michel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recently McBreen and Webster constructed a tilting bundle on a smooth hypertoric variety (using reduction to finite characteristic) and showed that its endomorphism ring is Koszul. In this short note we present alternative proofs for these results. We simply observe that the tilting bundle constructed by Halpern-Leistner and Sam on a generic open Geometric Invariant Theory substack of the ambient linear space restricts to a tilting bundle on the hypertoric variety. The fact that the hypertoric variety is defined by a quadratic regular sequence then also yields an easy proof of Koszulity.
Spectral Properties of the Neumann–Poincaré Operator in 3D Elasticity
Authors: Miyanishi Yoshihisa , Rozenblum Grigori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe consider the adjoint double layer potential (Neumann–Poincaré (NP)) operator appearing in 3-dimensional elasticity. We show that the recent result about the polynomial compactness of this operator for the case of a homogeneous media follows without additional calculations from previous considerations by Agranovich et al., based upon pseudodifferential operators. Further on, we define the NP operator for the case of a nonhomogeneous isotropic media and show that its properties depend crucially on the character of nonhomogeneity. If the Lamé parameters are constant along the boundary, the NP operator is still polynomially compact. On the other hand, if these parameters are not constant, two or more intervals of continuous spectrum may appear, so the NP operator ceases to be polynomially compact. However, after a certain modification, it becomes polynomially compact again. Finally, we evaluate the rate of convergence of discrete eigenvalues of the NP operator to the tips of the essential spectrum.
A Novel Laminin-Binding Protein Mediates Microbial-Endothelial Cell Interactions and Facilitates Dissemination of Lyme Disease Pathogens
Authors: Bista Sandhya , Singh Preeti , Bernard Quentin , Yang Xiuli , Hart Thomas , Lin Yi-Pin , Kitsou Chrysoula , Singh Rana Vipin , Zhang Fuming , Linhardt Robert J , Zhnag Kai , Akins Darrin R , Hritzo Lucy , Kim Yuri , Grab Dennis J , Dumler J Stephen , Pal Utpal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi conserved gene products BB0406 and BB0405, members of a common B. burgdorferi paralogous gene family, share 59% similarity. Although both gene products can function as potential porins, only BB0405 is essential for infection. Here we show that, despite sequence homology and coexpression from the same operon, both proteins differ in their membrane localization attributes, antibody accessibility, and immunogenicity in mice. BB0406 is required for spirochete survival in mammalian hosts, particularly for the disseminated infection in distant organs. We identified that BB0406 interacts with laminin, one of the major constituents of the vascular basement membrane, and facilitates spirochete transmigration across host endothelial cell barriers. A better understanding of how B. burgdorferi transmigrates through dermal and tissue vascular barriers and establishes disseminated infections will contribute to the development of novel therapeutics to combat early infection.
Transmission potential of paromomycin-resistant Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani
Authors: Hendrickx S , Van Bockstal L , Aslan H , Sadlova J , Maes L , Volf P , Caljon G 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesFormer studies demonstrated quick selection of paromomycin resistance for Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani accompanied by increased fitness. The present study aimed to interpret these findings in an epidemiological context by comparing infection of WT and experimentally derived paromomycin-resistant strains in the sand fly vector.MethodsDepending on the Leishmania species, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Phlebotomus perniciosus or Phlebotomus argentipes sand flies were artificially infected with procyclic promastigotes of WT and paromomycin-resistant L. infantum (MHOM/FR/96/LEM3323-cl4) or L. donovani (MHOM/NP/03/BPK275/0-cl18). The infection rate and gut/stomodeal valve colonization were determined to monitor parasite phenotypic behaviour within the vector. The impact of the previously described gain of fitness in the vertebrate host on infectivity for the vector was assessed by feeding L. longipalpis on Syrian golden hamsters heavily infected with either WT or paromomycin-resistant parasites.ResultsWT and paromomycin-resistant Leishmania of both species behaved similarly in terms of infection and parasite location within the studied sand fly species. Blood feeding on infected hamsters did not reveal differences in acquisition of WT and paromomycin-resistant parasites, despite the higher organ burdens observed for the paromomycin-resistant strain. Strains remained resistant after passage in the vector.ConclusionsAlthough paromomycin-resistant parasites show an increased parasite fitness in vitro and in laboratory rodents, the intrinsic infection potential of paromomycin-resistant parasites remains unaltered in the sand fly. Of importance is the fact that paromomycin-resistant Leishmania are able to complete development in the natural vectors and produce stomodeal infection with metacyclic forms, which clearly suggests their potential to spread and circulate in nature.
Image domain least-squares migration with a Hessian matrix estimated by non-stationary matching filters
Authors: Guo Song , Wang Huazhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAssuming that an accurate background velocity is obtained, least-squares migration (LSM) can be used to estimate underground reflectivity. LSM can be implemented in either the data domain or image domain. The data domain LSM (DDLSM) is not very practical because of its huge computational cost and slow convergence rate. The image domain LSM (IDLSM) might be a flexible alternative if estimating the Hessian matrix using a cheap and accurate approach. It has practical potential to analyse convenient Hessian approximation methods because the Hessian matrix is too huge to compute and save. In this paper, the Hessian matrix is approximated with non-stationary matching filters. The filters are calculated to match the conventional migration image to the demigration/remigration image. The two images are linked by the Hessian matrix. An image deblurring problem is solved with the estimated filters for the IDLSM result. The combined sparse and total variation regularisations are used to produce accurate and reasonable inversion results. The numerical experiments based on part of Sigsbee model, Marmousi model and a 2D field data set illustrate that the non-stationary matching filters can give a good approximation for the Hessian matrix, and the results of the image deblurring problem with combined regularisations can provide high-resolution and true-amplitude reflectivity estimations.