bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective valorization of food wastes and by‐products through pulsed electric field: A systematic review
Authors: Arshad Rai Naveed , Abdul‐Malek Zulkurnain , Roobab Ume , Qureshi Muhammad Imran , Khan Nohman , Ahmad Mohammad Hafizi , Liu Zhi‐Wei , Aadil Rana Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUtilize food waste and by‐products generated from food processing is a developing concern to upgrade economic performance and ensure environmental sustainability. The compounds recovered from the food wastes could have the potential to be employed in different food and biotechnological applications. As a substitute to the conventional method such as Soxhlet extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, and mechanical shaking, the development of green extraction techniques (microwave, ultrasound, and pulsed electric field [PEF]) is seen as a significant step in recovering by‐products from food wastes. Among these, PEF is reported as a novel technique that can decrease solvent usage, heating steps, and extraction time to recover by‐products. The current review covers recent developments in PEF‐based industrial food waste through a systematic literature review. Recent literature was critically evaluated to examine the possibility of this emerging technology in providing sustainable and novel uses of agro‐foods waste and animal‐food waste. Limited literature is available on industrial scale studies of PEF valorization of food waste and food co‐products. Generally, PEF‐based processing is consistently reported as a superior technology that provides high efficiency and better‐quality products due to the low temperature of food compounds. This technique has several spectacular possible applications in food processing methods that provide the food industry with better efficiency and high‐quality products than existing extraction methods.Practical ApplicationsThis review suggests that PEF treatment of food wastes needs urgent models for optimum processing operation at the industrial level, particularly economic viability under practical working conditions. This innovative processing is generally accepted for more selective, quicker, and sustainable bio‐active compounds but still not satisfactorily verified for industrial applications. There are ethical and economic needs for the management of bio‐waste, and proper legislation appears to be an essential requirement to effectively and fruitfully utilize food waste.
Calcarine as a bridge between brain function and structure in irritable bowel syndrome: A multiplex network analysis
Authors: Chen Nan , Liu Guangyao , Guo Man , Li Yongchao , Yao Zhijun , Hu Bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and AimJointly analyzing structural and functional brain networks enables a better understanding of pathological underpinnings of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Multiplex network analysis provides a novel framework to study complex networks consisting of different types of connectivity patterns in multimodal data.MethodsIn the present work, we integrated functional and structural networks to a multiplex network. Then, the multiplex metrics and the inner‐layer/inter‐layer hub nodes were investigated through 34 patients with IBS and 33 healthy controls.ResultsSignificantly differential multiplex degree in both left and right parts of calcarine was found, and meanwhile, IBS patients lost inner‐layer hub properties in these regions. In addition, the left fusiform was no longer practicing as an inner‐layer hub node, while the right median cingulate acted as a new inner‐layer hub node in the IBS patients. Besides, the right calcarine, which lost its inner‐layer hub identity, became a new inter‐layer hub node, and the multiplex degree of the left hippocampus, which lost its inter‐layer hub identity in IBS patients, was significantly positively correlated with the IBS Symptom Severity Score scores.ConclusionsInner‐layer hub nodes of multiplex networks were preferentially vulnerable, and some inner‐layer hub nodes would convert into inter‐layer hub nodes in IBS patients. Besides, the inter‐layer hub nodes might be influenced by IBS severity and therefore converted to general nodes.
Phyllosphere microbiota: Community dynamics and its interaction with plant hosts
Authors: Gong Tianyu , Xin Xiu‐Fang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlants are colonized by various microorganisms in natural environments. While many studies have demonstrated key roles of the rhizosphere microbiota in regulating biological processes such as nutrient acquisition and resistance against abiotic and biotic challenges, less is known about the role of the phyllosphere microbiota and how it is established and maintained. This review provides an update on current understanding of phyllosphere community assembly and the mechanisms by which plants and microbes establish the phyllosphere microbiota for plant health.
Botulinum toxin A as monotherapy for syringoma
Authors: Zaldivar‐Fujigaki José Luis , Achell Nava Lucia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSyringoma is a benign adnexal tumor of the skin originating from the eccrine sweat duct. There is a wide variety of treatments, and most of the patients receive multiple unsuccessful therapies. The goal of this report intends to describe a novel technique applicable to syringoma with botulinum toxin A. A 61‐year‐old female patient with localized syringomas in the periocular and upper lip region, with a long‐lasting history, treated with botulinum toxin A 46 IU as monotherapy intradermally distributed and a follow‐up for 8 months. Our patient displayed a significant improvement of the syringomas. Botulinum toxin A is an efficient and safe technique to treat syringomas.
Opioid‐free multimodal analgesia pathway to decrease opioid utilization after cesarean delivery
Authors: Mehraban Shadan S. , Suddle Rahat , Mehraban Shadi , Petrucci Samantha , Moretti Michael , Cabbad Michael , Lakhi Nisha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate an opioid‐free multimodal analgesic pathway (MAP) to decrease opioid utilization after cesarean delivery (CD) compared to historic data of our institution prior to using MAP for pain management (pre‐MAP).MethodsThe MAP was implemented in three phases from September 2018 to August 2019. Patients received 1000 mg intravenous (IV) acetaminophen with 30 mg IV ketorolac at 0 (arrival time at recovery room), 6, 12 and 18 h of postoperative course. On the 2nd and the 3rd postoperative days, patients were monitored for pain every 6 h by Numeric Pain Intensity Scale (0 = no pain to 10 = severe pain) and administered 600 mg oral ibuprofen for a pain score between 0 and 4, 600 mg oral ibuprofen and/or 650 mg oral acetaminophen for a pain score between 5–6, 1000 mg IV acetaminophen and/or 30 mg of IV or intramuscular ketorolac for a pain score between 7 and 10. Five milligrams of oral oxycodone was reserved for rescue if all protocol options were exhausted. Patients were discharged with 600 mg oral ibuprofen without opioid prescription. Likert surveys measuring patient satisfaction of pain control were administered during phase 3.ResultsInpatient and outpatient opioid consumption rates were significantly decreased from 45%, 18% to 23.8%, 8.5% after MAP implementation (P‐value <0.001). More than 90% of patients reported that their pain was well controlled and willing to request the same regimen for a future CD.ConclusionMAP Implementation after CD significantly reduced inpatient and outpatient opioid consumption compared to pre‐MAP results while maintaining high patients' satisfaction with pain control.
Mass‐spectrometry analysis of the human pineal proteome during night and day and in autism
Authors: Dumas Guillaume , Goubran‐Botros Hany , Matondo Mariette , Pagan Cécile , Boulègue Cyril , Chaze Thibault , Chamot‐Rooke Julia , Maronde Erik , Bourgeron Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe human pineal gland regulates day‐night dynamics of multiple physiological processes, especially through the secretion of melatonin. Using mass‐spectrometry‐based proteomics and dedicated analysis tools, we identify proteins in the human pineal gland and analyze systematically their variation throughout the day and compare these changes in the pineal proteome between control specimens and donors diagnosed with autism. Results reveal diverse regulated clusters of proteins with, among others, catabolic carbohydrate process and cytoplasmic membrane‐bounded vesicle‐related proteins differing between day and night and/or control versus autism pineal glands. These data show novel and unexpected processes happening in the human pineal gland during the day/night rhythm as well as specific differences between autism donor pineal glands and those from controls.
Identification and characterization of Cercospora beticola necrosis‐inducing effector CbNip1
Authors: Ebert Malaika K. , Rangel Lorena I. , Spanner Rebecca E. , Taliadoros Demetris , Wang Xiaoyun , Friesen Timothy L. , de Jonge Ronnie , Neubauer Jonathan D. , Secor Gary A. , Thomma Bart P. H. J. , Stukenbrock Eva H. , Bolton Melvin D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCercospora beticola is a hemibiotrophic fungus that causes cercospora leaf spot disease of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). After an initial symptomless biotrophic phase of colonization, necrotic lesions appear on host leaves as the fungus switches to a necrotrophic lifestyle. The phytotoxic secondary metabolite cercosporin has been shown to facilitate fungal virulence for several Cercospora spp. However, because cercosporin production and subsequent cercosporin‐initiated formation of reactive oxygen species is light‐dependent, cell death evocation by this toxin is only fully ensured during a period of light. Here, we report the discovery of the effector protein CbNip1 secreted by C. beticola that causes enhanced necrosis in the absence of light and, therefore, may complement light‐dependent necrosis formation by cercosporin. Infiltration of CbNip1 protein into sugar beet leaves revealed that darkness is essential for full CbNip1‐triggered necrosis, as light exposure delayed CbNip1‐triggered host cell death. Gene expression analysis during host infection shows that CbNip1 expression is correlated with symptom development in planta. Targeted gene replacement of CbNip1 leads to a significant reduction in virulence, indicating the importance of CbNip1 during colonization. Analysis of 89 C. beticola genomes revealed that CbNip1 resides in a region that recently underwent a selective sweep, suggesting selection pressure exists to maintain a beneficial variant of the gene. Taken together, CbNip1 is a crucial effector during the C. beticola–sugar beet disease process.
Clinical and pharmacoeconomic evaluation of antifungal prophylaxis with continuous micafungin in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A six‐year cohort analysis
Authors: Wingen‐Heimann Sebastian M. , Cornely Oliver A. , Vehreschild Maria J.G.T. , Wisplinghoff Hilmar , Franke Bernd , Schons Max , von Bergwelt‐Baildon Michael , Scheid Christof , Vehreschild Jörg Janne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCT) are at high risk to develop an invasive fungal disease (IFD). Optimisation of antifungal prophylaxis strategies may improve patient outcomes and reduce treatment costs.ObjectivesTo analyse the clinical and economical impact of using continuous micafungin as antifungal prophylaxis.Patients/MethodsWe performed a single‐centre evaluation comparing patients who received either oral posaconazole with micafungin as intravenous bridging as required (POS‐MIC) to patients who received only micafungin (MIC) as antifungal prophylaxis after aSCT. Epidemiological, clinical and direct treatment cost data extracted from the Cologne Cohort of Neutropenic Patients (CoCoNut) were analysed.ResultsThree hundred and thirteen patients (97 and 216 patients in the POS‐MIC and MIC groups, respectively) were included into the analysis. In the POS‐MIC and MIC groups, median overall length of stay was 42 days (IQR: 35–52 days) vs 40 days (IQR: 35–49 days; p = .296), resulting in median overall costs of €42,964 (IQR: €35,040–€56,348) vs €43,291 (IQR: €37,281 vs €51,848; p = .993), respectively. Probable/proven IFD in the POS‐MIC and MIC groups occurred in 5 patients (5%) vs 3 patients (1%; p = .051), respectively. The Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed improved outcome of patients in the MIC group at day 100 (p = .037) and day 365 (p < .001) following aSCT.ConclusionsOur study results demonstrate improved outcomes in the MIC group compared with the POS‐MIC group, which can in part be explained by a tendency towards less probable/proven IFD. Higher drug acquisition costs of micafungin did not translate into higher overall costs.
Clinical experience with isavuconazole in healthy volunteers and patients with invasive aspergillosis in China, and the results from an exposure–response analysis
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Yingyuan , Wu Depei , Cao Guoying , Hamed Kamal , Desai Amit , Aram Jalal A. , Guo Xuan , Fayyad Rana , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIsavuconazole is a broad‐spectrum triazole for the treatment of invasive fungal disease (IFD).ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical experience with isavuconazole in Chinese individuals.Patients/MethodsParticipants were Chinese healthy volunteers from a Phase I pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety study of single/multiple doses of isavuconazole (n = 36) and Chinese patients from the global Phase III SECURE study that assessed safety and efficacy of isavuconazole vs voriconazole for IFD treatment (n = 26).ResultsNo clinically relevant differences in PK were found between Chinese and Western participants, although exposure was increased in Chinese volunteers. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 75.0% of healthy volunteers, many of which were infusion‐related. No serious AEs were reported. In SECURE, findings in Chinese patients (n = 26) were similar to the global population. For patients who received ≥1 dose of study drug, allcause mortality from first dose to Day 42 was 10.0% (1/10) with isavuconazole and 25.0% (4/16) with voriconazole (treatment difference [95% confidence interval, CI]: −15.0% [−43.2%, 13.2%]). Overall response at the end of treatment for patients with proven/probable IFD was 25.0% and 16.7% with isavuconazole and voriconazole, respectively (treatment difference [95% CI] −8.3% [−60.2%, 43.5%]). Isavuconazole was associated with lower incidence of hepatobiliary, eye, skin, subcutaneous tissue and psychiatric disorders compared with voriconazole and lower incidence of treatment‐related TEAEs, serious TEAES or death overall.ConclusionsAlthough further research is required, this study demonstrated a favourable risk–benefit profile of isavuconazole in Chinese patients.
Self‐determination and a shattered star: Statehood and national identity in the Somali Horn of Africa
Authors: Chonka Peter , Healy Sally 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article explores the articulation—in different forms, at different periods, and by different actors—of ‘national self‐determination’ in Somalia and across the Somali‐speaking regions of the Horn of Africa. It explores how this concept can be understood in the context of protracted political fragmentation in Somalia—considering unresolved debates over the ideological foundations of state reconstruction, disagreements about the suitability of federalism, aspirations for the recognition of an independent Republic of Somaliland, and the distinctive trajectory of the Somali Regional State in Ethiopia. Taking a comparative, cross‐border and wide‐angled historical approach, the article argues that ideas of an ethno‐linguistically, culturally and religiously defined Somali ‘nation’ continue to coexist (and be reproduced, updated and used) within an environment of extreme political fragmentation and across multiple ‘state’ boundaries. This argument is made through comparative analysis of contemporary examples of the performance of Somali state and nationalist identities within and beyond the region and the distinctive transnational Somali‐language media environment within which these ideas circulate and compete.
Introduction: Transformation of nationalism and diaspora in the digital age
Authors: Yusupova Guzel , Rutland Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis introduction to the four papers that make up this themed section locates them in the wider theoretical perspective from which they originate, and highlights the importance of taking into account digital media and technologies as an independent factor that significantly transforms contemporary nationalisms and social identities. Digital media has intensified and accelerated the relationship between culture and politics. It offers new ways of community‐building and identity‐making: both top‐down and bottom‐up, both within the nation‐state and beyond its borders. New research will hopefully explore the complex ways in which both elite and lay understanding and practice of nationalism are evolving in competition and collaboration with each other.
Bilateral visual acuity reduction in a child with Marfan syndrome: Is there a pathogenetic role for optic nerve dural ectasia?
Authors: Trimboli Michele , Tagliente Maria , Troisi Letizia , Manieri Sergio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMarfan's syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue diagnosed according to international defined criteria, including spinal dural ectasia. MFS is clinically heterogeneous, with infrequently reported neurological complications. To date, little is known about the occurrence of visual acuity reduction in MFS. We report a case of bilateral visual acuity reduction in a child with MFS, in which magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed bilateral optic nerve dural ectasia. Could optic nerve dural ectasia may have any role in MFS visual acuity reduction pathogenesis?
Comparative genomics reveals dynamic genome evolution in host specialist ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Lofgren Lotus A. , Nguyen Nhu H. , Vilgalys Rytas , Ruytinx Joske , Liao Hui‐Ling , Branco Sara , Kuo Alan , LaButti Kurt , Lipzen Anna , Andreopoulos William , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Riley Robert , Hundley Hope , Na Hyunsoo , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Stajich Jason E. , Kennedy Peter G. 
Published: December 2020

Summary

While there has been significant progress characterizing the ‘symbiotic toolkit’ of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, how host specificity may be encoded into ECM fungal genomes remains poorly understood.

We conducted a comparative genomic analysis of ECM fungal host specialists and generalists, focusing on the specialist genus Suillus. Global analyses of genome dynamics across 46 species were assessed, along with targeted analyses of three classes of molecules previously identified as important determinants of host specificity: small secreted proteins (SSPs), secondary metabolites (SMs) and G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).

Relative to other ECM fungi, including other host specialists, Suillus had highly dynamic genomes including numerous rapidly evolving gene families and many domain expansions and contractions. Targeted analyses supported a role for SMs but not SSPs or GPCRs in Suillus host specificity. Phylogenomic‐based ancestral state reconstruction identified Larix as the ancestral host of Suillus, with multiple independent switches between white and red pine hosts.

These results suggest that like other defining characteristics of the ECM lifestyle, host specificity is a dynamic process at the genome level. In the case of Suillus, both SMs and pathways involved in the deactivation of reactive oxygen species appear to be strongly associated with enhanced host specificity.
Erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient (ETKAC) assay protocol for the assessment of thiamine status
Authors: Jones Kerry S. , Parkington Damon A. , Cox Lorna J. , Koulman Albert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVitamin B1 (thiamine) is an essential nutrient that acts as a cofactor for a number of metabolic processes, particularly in energy metabolism. Symptoms of classic thiamine deficiency are recognized as beriberi, although clinical symptoms are nonspecific and recognition of subclinical deficiency is difficult. Therefore, reliable biomarkers of thiamine status are required. Thiamine diphosphate is a cofactor for transketolase, including erythrocyte transketolase (ETK). The ETK activity assay as an indirect, functional marker of thiamine status has been used for over 50 years. The ETK activity assay provides a sensitive and specific biomarker of thiamine status; however, there is a lack of consensus over the cutoffs for deficiency, partly due to a lack of assay harmonization. Here, we provide a step‐by‐step protocol for the measurement of ETK activity and the calculation of the ETK activity coefficient, including detailed explanations of equipment and chemicals required and guidance for quality control procedures. Harmonization of the protocol will provide the basis for the development of internationally recognized cutoffs for thiamine insufficiency. The establishment of quality control materials and a quality assurance scheme are recommended to provide reliability. This will ensure that the ETK activity assay remains an important method for the assessment of thiamine status.
Evidence for shared genetics between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and adiposity‐related traits
Authors: Schnurr Theresia M. , Stallknecht Bente M. , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O. , Hansen Torben 
Published: December 2020

SummaryObservational, cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies showed that physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with adiposity‐related traits, apparently in a bidirectional manner. Physical activity is also suggested to suppress the genetic risk of adiposity. Since phenotypic associations with genetic variants are not subject to reverse causation or confounding, they may be used as tools to shed light on cause and effect in this complex interdependency. We review the evidence for shared genetics of physical activity and adiposity‐related traits and for gene‐by‐physical activity interactions on adiposity‐related traits in human studies. We outline limitations, challenges and opportunities in studying and understanding of these relationships. In summary, physical activity and sedentary behaviour are genetically correlated with body mass index and fat percentage but may not be correlated with lean body mass. Mendelian randomisation analyses show that physical activity and sedentary behaviour have bidirectional relationships with adiposity. Several studies suggest that physical activity suppresses genetic risk of adiposity. No studies have yet tested whether adiposity enhances genetic predisposition to sedentariness. The complexity of the comprehensive causal model makes the assessment of the single or combined components challenging. Substantial progress in this field may need long‐term intervention studies.