bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of gears contact interface modification for an objective as minimum impact resistance of initial meshing-in time domain
Authors: Wang Xigui , Ruan Jiafu , Wang Yongmei , Ji Shue , An Siyuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn gear pair actual alternating meshing process, the comprehensive errors of the transmission system and the thermal elastic deformation of the teeth body cause the gears in the meshing state to high pair contact nodes inconsistently, especially the transient process of meshing-in and meshing-out points will deviate from the theoretical line, which will cause a sudden change in the meshing velocity and cause instantaneous impact of meshing. Off line meshing impact will generate large additional loads, which has attracted many attentions. The gear transmission system vibration and noise are increased, and the impact of gear teeth meshing-in is significantly greater than that of meshing-out. Therefore, optimal analysis of the impact with the minimum value of gear teeth meshing-in includes determining the initial meshing points, calculating of meshing impact velocity and the impact force of teeth meshing-out. The optimized calculation model using loaded teeth contact analysis method is validated.
Binarization of music score with complex background by deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tran Minh-Trieu , Vo Quang-Nhat , Lee Guee-Sang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBinarization is an important step for most of document analysis systems. Regarding music score images with a complex background, the existence of background clutters with a variety of shapes and colors creates many challenges for the binarization. This paper presents a model for binarization of the complex background music score images by fusion of deep convolutional neural networks. Our model is directly trained from image regions using pixel values as inputs and the binary ground truth as labels. By utilizing the generalization capability of the residual network backbone and useful feature learning ability of dense layer, the proposed network structures can differentiate foreground pixels from background clutters, minimize the possibility of overfitting phenomenon and thus can deal with complex background noises appearing in the music score images. Comparing to traditional algorithms, binary images generated by our method have a cleaner background and better-preserved strokes. The experiments with captured and synthetic music score images show promising results compared to existing methods.
Patient Satisfaction with and Use of Telemental Health Services in the Perinatal Period: a Survey Study
Authors: Ackerman Marra , Greenwald Elizabeth , Noulas Paraskevi , Ahn Christina 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe aimed to assess patients’ utilization of and satisfaction with telemental health (TMH) in the perinatal period. We hypothesized that satisfaction with TMH would be at least equal to, if not greater than, with in-person appointments. We conducted a cross-sectional survey between March 2018–June 2019 to evaluate patient satisfaction with and use of TMH services in the perinatal period. Participants used TMH services across the second and third trimester of pregnancy and the first year post-partum. Nearly half of the patients (8/19, 42%) used TMH to see their provider within the first two weeks post-partum. Participants were most commonly in treatment for anxiety (14/19, 74%) and/or depression (9/19, 47%). Most participants agreed or strongly agreed (13/19, 69%) that TMH improved their access to healthcare and that they could see the clinician as well as if they met in person (14/19, 74%). TMH was a highly accepted and appreciated method of mental health care delivery for perinatal women when offered as an alternative to in-person or telephone sessions.
Optimal Wetting Angles in Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Viscous Fingering
Authors: Mora Peter , Morra Gabriele , Yuen Dave A. , Juanes Ruben 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe conduct pore-scale simulations of two-phase flow using the 2D Rothman–Keller colour gradient lattice Boltzmann method to study the effect of wettability on saturation at breakthrough (sweep) when the injected fluid first passes through the right boundary of the model. We performed a suite of 189 simulations in which a “red” fluid is injected at the left side of a 2D porous model that is initially saturated with a “blue” fluid spanning viscosity ratios$$M = \nu _\mathrm{r}/\nu _\mathrm{b} \in [0.001,100]$$M=νr/νb∈[0.001,100]and wetting angles$$\theta _\mathrm{w} \in [ 0^\circ ,180^\circ ]$$θw∈[0∘,180∘]. As expected, at low-viscosity ratios$$M=\nu _\mathrm{r}/\nu _\mathrm{b} \ll 1$$M=νr/νb≪1we observe viscous fingering in which narrow tendrils of the red fluid span the model, and for high-viscosity ratios$$M \gg 1$$M≫1, we observe stable displacement. The viscous finger morphology is affected by the wetting angle with a tendency for more rounded fingers when the injected fluid is wetting. However, rather than the expected result of increased saturation with increasing wettability, we observe a complex saturation landscape at breakthrough as a function of viscosity ratio and wetting angle that contains hills and valleys with specific wetting angles at given viscosity ratios that maximize sweep. This unexpected result that sweep does not necessarily increase with wettability has major implications to enhanced oil recovery and suggests that the dynamics of multiphase flow in porous media has a complex relationship with the geometry of the medium and the hydrodynamical parameters.
Enhanced Bruton’s tyrosine kinase activity in the kidney of patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Wei Jie , Wang Yan , Qi Xiangming , Wu Yonggui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a vital biological molecule that contributes to immune regulation. Previous studies have showed that BTK can be detected in patients with lupus nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the role of BTK in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of BTK activation in macrophages in IgAN.

Methods
Peripheral blood and renal tissue samples were collected from 63 patients with IgAN, and peritumoral normal tissues were collected from 20 patients after surgical resection of renal tumor for use as control. Additionally, 20 healthy volunteers were recruited as control. The levels of BTK, CD68, phosphorylated BTK (pBTK), phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB p65), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
Compared to peritumoral normal tissues, the expression levels of CD68 and BTK were significantly increased in IgAN group (p < 0.001) and the differences between M0 and M1, E0 and E1, S0 and S1, T0 and T1-2, C0 and C1-2 were statistically significant in the updated Oxford Classification (p < 0.05). Also, CD68 and BTK were positively correlated with Katafuchi semi-quantitative glomerular and tubulointerstitial scores (r = 0.580, 0.637 and 0.442, 0.489, respectively, p < 0.05). The expression of BTK was significantly higher in C3b- and C4d-positive renal tissues of patients with IgAN (p < 0.05). In addition, BTK was positively correlated with 24-h urine protein, serum creatinine levels (r = 0.456 and 0.453, respectively, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with serum albumin (r = 0.357, p < 0.05). The intensity of expression of pBTK and p-NF-κB p65 was observably increased in renal tissues and monocytes of patients with IgAN compared to the control group. The results of IHC, RT-PCR, and ELISA indicated that the levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were markedly increased in the IgAN group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that activation of BTK in macrophages may play an important role in promoting the progression of renal inflammation in IgAN.
The design of RIP belts impacts the reliability and quality of the measured respiratory signals
Authors: Montazeri Kristofer , Jonsson Sigurdur Aegir , Agustsson Jon Skirnir , Serwatko Marta , Gislason Thorarinn , Arnardottir Erna S. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Evaluate the effect of respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) belt design on the reliability and quality of respiratory signals. A comparison of cannula flow to disposable cut-to-fit, semi-disposable folding and disposable RIP belts was performed in clinical home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) studies.

Methods
This was a retrospective study using clinical HSAT studies. The signal reliability of cannula, thorax, and abdomen RIP belts was determined by automatically identifying periods during which the signals did not represent respiratory airflow and breathing movements. Results were verified by manual scoring. RIP flow quality was determined by examining the correlation between the RIP flow and cannula flow when both signals were considered reliable.

Results
Of 767 clinical HSAT studies, mean signal reliability of the cut-to-fit, semi-disposable, and disposable thorax RIP belts was 83.0 ± 26.2%, 76.1 ± 24.4%, and 98.5 ± 9.3%, respectively. The signal reliability of the cannula was 92.5 ± 16.1%, 87.0 ± 23.3%, and 85.5 ± 24.5%, respectively. The automatic assessment of signal reliability for the RIP belts and cannula flow had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 99% compared with manual assessment. The mean correlation of cannula flow to RIP flow from the cut-to-fit, semi-disposable, and disposable RIP belts was 0.79 ± 0.24, 0.52 ± 0.20, and 0.86 ± 0.18, respectively.

Conclusion
The design of RIP belts affects the reliability and quality of respiratory signals. The disposable RIP belts that had integrated contacts and did not fold on top of themselves performed the best. The cut-to-fit RIP belts were most likely to be unreliable, and the semi-disposable folding belts produced the lowest-quality RIP flow signals compared to the cannula flow signal.
Development and validation of an analysis method for pesticide residues by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in Daikenchuto
Authors: Saegusa Hirokazu , Nomura Hiroshi , Takao Masaki , Hamaguchi Takashi , Yoshida Masaru , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDaikenchuto (DKT) is one of the most widely used “Kampo” in Japan as a representative of herbal medicine. Because DKT is made from a natural product like food, it requires the management of pesticides; therefore, an analysis of residual pesticides in Kampo is required. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that pesticide residue analysis by the U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) is required. USP defines 107 compounds containing organochlorine pesticides and organophosphorus pesticides and their metabolites, which have a high residual risk. Accordingly, to guarantee the safety of herbal medicines according to global standards is a very important issue. In this study, we developed an analytical method for 91 compounds, which are listed in USP, using DKT as the subject. The method could extract pesticides from DKT with acetone, elute pesticides with acetonitrile using a SepPak C18 column (5 g) and with ethyl acetate using a DSC-NH2 column (2 g), and perform simultaneous analyses by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). This method, which could quantify 88 compounds, was validated according to USP. A pesticide residue analysis method that meets USP requirements enables the analysis of pesticide residues with a high residue risk and contributes to improving the safety of “Kampo” and other herbal medicines.
Diffusion analysis of fluid dynamics with incremental strength of motion proving gradient (DANDYISM) to evaluate cerebrospinal fluid dynamics
Authors: Taoka Toshiaki , Kawai Hisashi , Nakane Toshiki , Abe Takashi , Nakamichi Rei , Ito Rintaro , Sato Yuki , Sakai Mayuko , Naganawa Shinji 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To visualize and analyze the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion in the cranium, we evaluated the distribution of motion-related signal dephasing by CSF on Diffusion ANalysis of fluid DYnamics with Incremental Strength of Motion proving gradient (DANDYISM) method, a composite imaging method using various low b values.

Materials and methods
This study examined ten subjects aged 25–58. We acquired DWIs on a 3T clinical scanner with b values 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500, 700, and 1000 s/mm2 in total imaging time of 4 min. We constructed DANDYISM images and evaluated the CSF area distribution with decreased motion-dephasing signal using a scoring method.

Results
The DANDYISM images showed statistically significant higher CSF scores in the ventral posterior fossa, suprasellar cistern, and Sylvian vallecula compared to the lateral ventricle and frontal and parietal CSF spaces, indicating greater CSF movement in the former areas.

Conclusion
The results indicated prominent CSF motions in the ventral portion of the posterior fossa, suprasellar cistern, and Sylvian fissure but smaller motions in the lateral ventricles and parietal subarachnoid space. This method may provide information of CSF dynamics in the clinical settings within short imaging time.
Implementing the urban food–water–energy nexus through urban laboratories: a systematic literature review
Authors: Wahl Darin , Ness Barry , Wamsler Christine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe sustainability of complex resource systems, such as the food, water, and energy (FWE) nexus, is increasingly threatened by climate change impacts, expanding populations, urbanization, and economic instability. However, while research on the topic has burgeoned, studies focused on solution development and implementation, especially at the urban level, have lagged behind. Against this background, we review the urban FWE nexus literature. We focus on the operationalization of solutions for implementation, and seek to identify opportunities for participatory approaches. Our results suggest that operationalization would benefit from: (1) more fully integrating urban social complexity; (2) extending our understanding of the nexus to include social responses to the impacts of interventions; and (3) ensuring that projects build knowledge that is not only actionable, but also credible, salient, and legitimate. We then discuss the potential of local, transdisciplinary approaches, in the form of urban laboratories, to shift the focus of FWE nexus research towards operationalization. We conclude with five recommendations: (1) knowledge development should extend to implementation; (2) stakeholders should be engaged, and be able to align solutions with the agency to implement; (3) research should move beyond material flows, and focus on the behaviors, habits, and social patterns that underpin urban complexity; (4) FWE nexus thinking should become part of participatory/laboratory approaches; and (5) policymakers should integrate nexus research into municipal strategies and plans.
Morphometry of leaf and shoot variables to assess aboveground biomass structure and carbon sequestration by different varieties of white mulberry (Morus alba L.)
Authors: Bajwa Ghulam Ali , Umair Muhammad , Nawab Yasir , Rizwan Zahid 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMulberry is economically important and can also play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse gases. Leaf and shoot traits were measured forMorus albavar. Kanmasi,M. albavar. Karyansuban,M. albavar. Latifolia, andM. albavar. PFI-1 to assess aboveground biomass (AGB) and carbon sequestration. Variety-specific and multivariety allometric AGB models were developed using the equivalent diameter at breast height (EDBH) and plant height (H). The complete-harvest method was used to measure leaf and shoot traits and biomass, and the ash method was used to measure organic carbon content. The results showed significant (p < 0.01) varietal differences in leaf and shoot traits, AGB and carbon sequestration. PFI-1 variety had the greatest leaf density (mean ± SE: 1828.3 ± 0.3 leaves tree−1), Karyansuban had the largest mean leaf area (185.94 ± 8.95 cm2). A diminishing return was found between leaf area and leaf density. Latifolia had the highest shoot density per tree (46.6 ± 1.83 shoots tree−1), total shoot length (264.1 ± 2.32 m), dry biomass (16.69 ± 0.58 kg tree−1), carbon sequestration (9.99 ± 0.32 kg tree−1) and CO2mitigation (36.67 ± 1.16 kg). The variety-specific AGB modelsb(EDBH) andb(EDBH)2showed good fit and reasonable accuracy with a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.98–0.99, standard error of estimates (SEE) = 0.1125–0.3130 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.1084–0.3017. The multivariety modelsbln(EDBH) and (EDBH)0.756showed good-fitness and accuracy withR2 = 0.85–0.86, SEE = 1.6231–1.6445 and RMSE = 1.609–1.630. On the basis of these findings, variety Latifolia has good potential for biomass production, and allometric equations based on EDBH can be used to estimate AGB with a reasonable accuracy.
Resting-state functional MRI shows altered default-mode network functional connectivity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients
Authors: Doorenweerd Nathalie , de Rover Mischa , Marini-Bettolo Chiara , Hollingsworth Kieren G. , Niks Erik H. , Hendriksen Jos G. M. , Kan Hermien E. , Straub Volker 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by absence of dystrophin protein. Dystrophin is expressed in muscle, but also in the brain. Difficulties with attention/inhibition, working memory and information processing are well described in DMD patients but their origin is poorly understood. The default mode network (DMN) is one of the networks involved in these processes. Therefore we aimed to assess DMN connectivity in DMD patients compared to matched controls, to better understand the cognitive profile in DMD. T1-weighted and resting state functional MRI scans were acquired from 33 DMD and 24 male age-matched controls at two clinical sites. Scans were analysed using FMRIB Software Library (FSL). Differences in the DMN were assessed using FSL RANDOMISE, with age as covariate and threshold-free cluster enhancement including multiple comparison correction. Post-hoc analyses were performed on the visual network, executive control network and fronto-parietal network with the same methods. In DMD patients, the level of connectivity was higher in areas within the control DMN (hyperconnectivity) and significant connectivity was found in areas outside the control DMN. No hypoconnectivity was found and no differences in the visual network, executive control network and fronto-parietal network. We showed differences both within and in areas outside the DMN in DMD. The specificity of our findings to the DMN can help provide a better understanding of the attention/inhibition, working memory and information processing difficulties in DMD.
ActivinA Induced SMAD1/5 Signaling in an iPSC Derived EC Model of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Can Be Rescued by the Drug Candidate Saracatinib
Authors: Hildebrandt Susanne , Kampfrath Branka , Fischer Kristin , Hildebrand Laura , Haupt Julia , Stachelscheid Harald , Knaus Petra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBalanced signal transduction is crucial in tissue patterning, particularly in the vasculature. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is tightly linked to vascularization with increased vessel number in hereditary forms of HO, such as Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). FOP is caused by mutations in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 leading to aberrant SMAD1/5 signaling in response to ActivinA. Whether observed vascular phenotype in human FOP lesions is connected to aberrant ActivinA signaling is unknown. Blocking of ActivinA prevents HO in FOP mice indicating a central role of the ligand in FOP. Here, we established a new FOP endothelial cell model generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iECs) to study ActivinA signaling. FOP iECs recapitulate pathogenic ActivinA/SMAD1/5 signaling. Whole transcriptome analysis identified ActivinA mediated activation of the BMP/NOTCH pathway exclusively in FOP iECs, which was rescued to WT transcriptional levels by the drug candidate Saracatinib. We propose that ActivinA causes transcriptional pre-patterning of the FOP endothelium, which might contribute to differential vascularity in FOP lesions compared to non-hereditary HO.
Graphical abstract
Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Cirrhotic Patients with Refractory Ascites: A Possible Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Preventing Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Pampalone Mariangela , Corrao Simona , Amico Giandomenico , Vitale Giampiero , Alduino Rossella , Conaldi Pier Giulio , Pietrosi Giada 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCirrhosis is associated with dysregulated immune cell activation and immune dysfunction. These conditions modify gut flora, facilitate bacterial translocation, and increase susceptibility to bacterial peritonitis and consequent systemic infections by dramatically affecting long-term patient survival. Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hA-MSCs) exert immunomodulatory potential benefit, and have the ability to modulate their actions, especially in situations requiring immune activation through mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate, in vitro, the immunostimulant or immunosuppressive effects of hA-MSCs on cellular components of ascitic fluid obtained from cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites. We found that hA-MSCs viability is not affected by ascitic fluid and, interestingly, hA-MSCs diminished the pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and promoted anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, we found that there was no simultaneous significant decrease in the M1-like component, allowing a continual phagocytosis activity of macrophages and NK cells to restore a physiological condition. These data highlight the plasticity of hA-MSCs’ immunomodulatory capacity, and pave the way to further understanding their role in conditions such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Graphical abstract