bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapsing peritonitis and taurolidine peritoneal catheter lock: One center experience
Authors: Sosa Barrios R Haridian , Álvarez Nadal Marta , Burguera Vion Víctor , Campillo Trapero Cristina , López Melero Eva , Fernández Lucas Milagros , Rivera Gorrín Maite E 
Published: July 2020

Background: Relapsing peritonitis due to the development of a biofilm in the catheter’s lumen remains an important complication of peritoneal dialysis therapy that endangers technique continuity. Taurolidine catheter lock has proven efficient reducing infection rates in permanent hemodialysis catheters based on its biocidal activity and biofilm detachment effect. Efficacy evidence on its use in peritoneal dialysis catheters is lacking. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all relapsing peritonitis episodes from June 2018 until October 2019 in our center. Patients were identified and data were collected from our electronic renal registry and patient’s records. Results: Six patients were identified during the study period. Most patients (66.6%) were on automated peritoneal dialysis and the median duration of peritoneal dialysis before the episode of taurolidine was started was 43.66 ± 29.64 months. Mean taurolidine doses were 10 (range: 9–11) and 83.3% (five patients, with peritonitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium propinquum) had a favorable response and microbial eradication without relapses after taurolidine treatment. Only one patient relapsed by the same organism ( Corynebacterium amycolatum) due to non-adherence to the antibiotic treatment prescribed. None of the patients experienced any relevant adverse events, with only two out of six presenting mild transient abdominal discomfort. Conclusion: We believe that peritoneal catheter taurolidine lock could be considered in cases of relapsing or refractory peritonitis, as it could prevent catheter removal and permanent switch to hemodialysis in selected cases, although literature is scarce and further studies are needed.
Understanding health and care expenditure by setting – who matters to whom?
Authors: Shand Jenny , Morris Stephen , Gomes Manuel 
Published: July 2020

Objective To assess service use and associated expenditure across a range of care settings in one local authority in London, United Kingdom. Methods An analysis of linked electronic health and council records of adults living in the borough of Barking and Dagenham, east London, for the financial year 2016/17. Unit costs were applied to individual service use to provide expenditure at an individual and population level for five settings of care. Population and expenditure volumes were compared for 32 possible combinations of service use. Results The total expenditure for the cohort (114,393 residents) for 2016/17 was £180.1 million. Almost half (47%) of total expenditure was incurred by community care, social care and mental health services, with hospital care and primary care incurring, respectively, 35% (£63.3 m) and 18% (£32.6 m). The two most common combinations in terms of total population volume and expenditure were primary and hospital care, and primary, hospital and community care. Primary care was present in all combinations. Mental health service use accounted for just over a tenth of all expenditure in the borough, but using mental health services substantially increased mean expenditure per patient. Conclusions A whole system perspective across all settings of care improves understanding of service user patterns. Setting-level analysis remains important, particularly for mental health users.
Use of mobile health technologies for postoperative care in paediatric surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Nguyen Nam , Leveille Etienne , Guadagno Elena , Kalisya Luc Malemo , Poenaru Dan 
Published: July 2020

Introduction Mobile health (mHealth) is the use of mobile communication devices such as smartphones, wireless patient monitoring devices and tablet computers to deliver health services. Paediatric surgery patient care could potentially benefit from these technologies. This systematic review summarises the current literature on the use of mHealth for postoperative care after children’s surgery. Methods Seven databases were searched by a senior medical librarian. Studies were included if they reported the use of mHealth systems for postoperative care for children  <18 years old. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. Results A total of 18 studies were included after screening. mHealth use was varied and included appointment or medication reminders, postoperative monitoring and postoperative instruction delivery. mHealth systems included texting systems and mobile applications, and were implemented for a wide range of surgical conditions and countries. Discussion Studies showed that mHealth systems can increase the postoperative follow-up appointment attendance rate ( p < 0.001), decrease the rate of postoperative complications and returns to the emergency department and reliably monitor postoperative pain. mHealth systems were generally appreciated by patients. Most non-randomised and randomised studies had many methodological problems, including lack of appropriate control groups, lack of blinding and a tendency to devote more time to the care of the intervention group. mHealth systems have the potential to improve postoperative care, but the lack of high-quality research evaluating their impact calls for further studies exploring evidence-based mHealth implementation.
The Relation of Anxiety and Avoidance Dimensions of Attachment to Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-Analysis About Perpetrators
Authors: Velotti Patrizia , Rogier Guyonne , Beomonte Zobel Sara , Chirumbolo Antonio , Zavattini Giulio Cesare 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The attachment theory is a useful framework for interpreting the phenomenon of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Although several studies have examined the relationship between attachment and IPV perpetration, a meta-analysis of these results has yet to be conducted. Method: After a search on five databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) and a screening of 3,852 records recruited, 52 studies comprising 13,653 individuals met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Results: Results showed a significant effect size for both the anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment. However, while the effect sizes for anxiety were consistent ( r = .19–.35) for all types of violence considered, the effect size for avoidance was not significant for generic violence ( r = .07), low for physical ( r = .12) and psychological violence ( r = .14), and medium for sexual violence ( r = .20). Only a few of the examined moderators were significant. Conclusions: The findings highlight some differences in the roles of the two attachment dimensions in IPV. The results underscore the need for additional research to explore the role of other potential moderating and mediating variables in the relationship between attachment and IPV perpetration in order to better support the development of prevention and treatment interventions.
Delivery of Radiation at the Lowest Dose Rate by a Modern Linear Accelerator is Most Effective in Inhibiting Prostate Cancer Growth
Authors: Tazat Keren , Reshetnyak Oleg , Shtraus Natan , Sayag Ifat , Mabjeesh Nicola J. , Amir Sharon 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: External beam radiotherapy is one of the treatment options for organ-confined prostate cancer. A total dose of 70 to 81 Gray (Gy) is given daily (1.8-2.5 Gy/d), with a dose rate of 3 to 6 Gy/min over 28 to 45 treatments during 8 to 9 weeks. We applied the latest technological development in linear accelerators for enabling a wide range of dose rates (from 0.2-21 Gy/min) to test the effect of different delivery dose rates on prostate tumor growth in an animal xenograft model. Materials and Methods: A prostate cancer xenograft model was established in CD1/nude mice by means of PC-3 and CL-1 cells. The animals were radiated by a TrueBeam linear accelerator that delivered 4 dose rates ranging from 0.6 to 14 Gy/min, and reaching a total dose of 20 Gy. The mice were weighed and monitored for tumor development twice weekly. A 2-way analysis of variance was used to compare statistical differences between the groups. Results: Tumor growth was inhibited by radiation at all 4 dose rates in the 20 study mice compared to no radiation (n = 5, controls). The most significant reduction in tumor volumes was observed when the same dose of radiation was delivered at a rate of 0.6 Gy/min ( P < .01). The animals’ weights were not affected by any dose rate. Conclusions: Delivery of radiation with a TrueBeam linear accelerator at the lowest possible rate was most effective in prostate cancer growth inhibition and might be considered a preferential treatment mode for localized prostate cancer.
Mesenteric vascular disease: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Madurska Marta J , Anderson Robert G , Anderson David J , McNeill Caitlin J , Jansen Jan O , Stuart Wesley P , Morrison Jonathan J 
Published: July 2020

Objectives Mesenteric vascular disease carries a high risk of mortality and morbidity; however, due to obscure clinical presentation, it can be under-recognized. Currently, epidemiology of mesenteric vascular disease remains poorly defined. The aim of this study is to analyze changes in Scottish mortality rates from mesenteric vascular disease overtime. Methods This is a retrospective, longitudinal population-based cohort study using data extracted from death certificates and Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. All deaths related to a vascular disorder of the intestines recorded as an underlying cause of death between 1979 and 2014 were identified using International Classification of Disease-9 or International Classification of Disease-10 code groups. Data included demographics and location of death. The residence postcodes were used to classify socio-economic status using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. Results From 2,142,921 deaths over 36 years, 14,530 (0.7%) were due to mesenteric vascular disease with a median (interquartile range) age of 77 and a 2:1 female to male gender ratio. The mean ± standard deviation age significantly increased from 72.6 ± 12.1 in 1979 to 76.8 ± 11.1 in 2014 ( p < 0.001, R2 = 0.772). Males were consistently younger than females at the time of death. The two lowest Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation categories accounted for half of the cohort, throughout the study period ( p = 0.068). The adjusted death rate per 100,000 population increased from 7.6 in 1979 to 12.1 in 2014. Conclusions The reported death rates of mesenteric vascular disease in Scotland between 1979 and 2014 have nearly doubled. Mesenteric vascular disease affects twice as many women as men and is associated with social deprivation. The increased reporting of mesenteric vascular disease is likely due to increased recognition and incidence. These implications should be considered when planning healthcare provision in Scotland.
Percutaneous Bunionette Correction: Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Nunes Gustavo , Baumfeld Tiago , Nery Caio , Baumfeld Daniel , Carvalho Paulo , Cordier Guillaume 
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Bunionette is a deformity of the fifth metatarsal in which there is a painful lateral bony prominence of the distal region of this bone caused by various anatomical and biomechanical changes. The aim of this study is to report on a minimally invasive technique without the use of hardware to treat these deformities. Methods. This is a case series of 18 patients, 25 feet, who underwent bunionette percutaneous surgical treatment. All patients answered the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale and the visual analogue pain scale (VAS) preoperatively and at the last follow-up. Standard radiological evaluation included measurement of intermetatarsal (4-5 IMA) and fifth toe metatarsophalangeal (5-MTTP) angles. Time to radiographic consolidation, complications, and satisfaction rate were also documented. Results. The average follow-up was 15.9 months, the AOFAS increased from 49.6 to 92.4 and the VAS decreased from 7.7 to 1.2. It was observed that average 5-MTTP decreased from 15° to 2.7° and that 4-5-IMA decreased from 9.1° to 3.3°. These outcomes showed a statistically significant difference ( P < .001). The most common observed complication was the formation of a hypertrophic bone callus in the third postoperative month in three operated feet (12%). One patient had algodystrophy, which improved after conservative treatment. There were no cases of infection, neuropraxis, or recurrences. Fifteen patients rated the result as excellent, 2 as good, and 2 as regular. Conclusion. Percutaneous osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal without the use of hardware is a safe, reproducible technique and presents good clinical and radiographic results for the treatment of bunionette. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic studies, Level IV: Case series
Adipose tissue gene expression of CXCL10 and CXCL11 modulates inflammatory markers in obesity: implications for metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance
Authors: Kochumon Shihab , Madhoun Ashraf Al , Al-Rashed Fatema , Azim Rafaat , Al-Ozairi Ebaa , Al-Mulla Fahd , Ahmad Rasheed 
Published: July 2020

Background: The CXCL subfamily of chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11; angiostatic chemokines) plays a key role in many inflammatory diseases. However, the expression of CXCLs in adipose tissue (AT) during obesity and association of these CXCLs with inflammatory markers and insulin resistance are poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CXCL gene expression on subcutaneous AT inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. Methods: Subcutaneous-fat biopsies were collected from 59 nondiabetic (lean/overweight/obese) individuals for RNA isolation. Expression levels of AT CXCL and inflammatory markers were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Biomedical parameters in the plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Insulin resistance was estimated using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Results: AT CXCL expression was higher in obese compared with lean individuals ( p < 0.05) and positively correlated with body mass index (BMI; r ⩾ 0.269, p < 0.05). Expression of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 correlated significantly with various pro-inflammatory markers, including family members of interleukins, chemokines, and their prospective receptors ( r ⩾ 0.339, p ⩽ 0.009), but not anti-inflammatory markers. CXCL11 expression correlated specifically with the expression of CCL5, CCL18, TLR3, TLR4, TLR8, IRF5, and NF-κB ( r ⩾ 0.279, p ⩽ 0.039). Notably, CXCL11 was correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and HOMA-IR. In multiple regression analysis, CXCL11 was identified as an independent predictor of CCL19, CCL5, IL-6, and TLR3. Conclusion: These data suggest that the CXCL family members, specifically CXCL10 and CXCL11, are potential biomarkers for the onset of AT inflammation during obesity.
A narrative systematic review of tobacco cessation interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Peer Nasheeta , Naicker Ashika , Khan Munira , Kengne Andre-Pascal 
Published: July 2020

Aim: In the face of increasing tobacco consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is crucial to not only curb the uptake of tobacco, but to ensure that tobacco users quit. Considering the minimal attention that tobacco cessation interventions receive in Sub-Saharan Africa, this review aims to describe studies that evaluated tobacco cessation interventions in the region. Methods: A search of studies published till December 2019 that evaluated tobacco cessation interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa and examined tobacco quit rates was conducted in PubMed-Medline, Web of Science and Scopus. Study designs were not limited to randomised control trials but needed to include a control group. Results: Of the 454 titles and abstracts reviewed, eight studies, all conducted in South Africa, were included. The earliest publication was from 1988 and the most recent from 2019. Five studies were randomised control trials, two were quasi-experimental and one was a case–control study. Populations studied included community-based smokers (four studies) and university students, while the relevant clinic-based studies were conducted in pregnant women, tuberculosis patients and HIV-infected patients. Sample sizes were 23 in the case–control study, 87–561 in randomised control trials, and 979 (pregnant women) and 4090 (three rural communities) in the quasi-experimental studies. Four studies included nicotine replacement therapy in the interventions while four utilised only psychotherapy without adjunct pharmacotherapy. Quit rates were evaluated by exhaled carbon monoxide levels (five studies), blood carbon monoxide, urinary cotinine levels and self-reported quit rates. Four studies (two each with and without pharmacotherapy) reported significantly better outcomes in the intervention versus the control groups while one study findings (without pharmacotherapy) were significant in women but not men. Conclusion: This review highlights that scant attention has been paid to tobacco cessation intervention in Sub-Saharan Africa. The heterogeneity of these studies precluded comparisons across interventions or populations. There is a need for evidence-based low-cost tobacco cessation intervention that target high-risk population in Sub-Saharan Africa.
COVID-19 Has Clarified 2 Foundational Policy Questions in Dentistry
Authors: Quiñonez C. , Vujicic M. 
Published: July 2020

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, health policy debates about the importance of oral health and dental care were intensifying around the world. These debates were invariably complex and muddled by political, professional, and commercial interests. Although, in broad terms, 2 foundational questions have tended to undergird debates on how dental care should be addressed in health policy. These are: who should receive the support of governments, and what constitutes essential or medically necessary dental care? In our view, the COVID-19 pandemic has provided a stark social and policy context that has radically clarified both questions. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This commentary can be used by governments, regulators, professional groups, and other stakeholders in their considerations of what constitutes essential or medically necessary dental care and how to best allocate dental care resources.
Primary resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKIs induced by MDM2 amplification in NSCLC
Authors: Sun Dantong , Zhu Yan , Zhu Jingjuan , Tao Junyan , Wei Xiaojuan , Wo Yang , Hou Helei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Targeted therapy for NSCLC is rapidly evolving. EGFR-TKIs benefit NSCLC patients with sensitive EGFR mutations and significantly prolong survival. However, 20–30% of patients demonstrate primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs, which leads to the failure of EGFR-TKI treatment. The mechanisms of primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs require further study.

Methods
Targeted sequencing was used for the detection of genomic alterations among patients in our center. Regular cell culture and transfection with plasmids were used to establish NSCLC cell lines over-expressing MDM2 and vector control. We used the MTT assays to calculate the inhibition rate after exposure to erlotinib. Available datasets were used to determine the role of MDM2 in the prognosis of NSCLC.

Results
Four patients harboring concurrent sensitive EGFR mutations and MDM2 amplifications demonstrated insensitivity to EGFR-TKIs in our center. In vitro experiments suggested that MDM2 amplification induces primary resistance to erlotinib. Over-expressed MDM2 elevated the IC50 value of erlotinib in HCC2279 line and reduced the inhibition rate. In addition, MDM2 amplification predicted a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients and was associated with a short PFS in those treated with EGFR-TKIs. The ERBB2 pathway was identified as a potential pathway activated by MDM2 amplification could be the focus of further research.

Conclusion
MDM2 amplification induces the primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs and predicts poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. MDM2 may serve as a novel biomarker and treatment target for NSCLC. Further studies are needed to confirm the mechanism by which amplified MDM2 leads to primary resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Nondestructive evaluation of oviposition behavior of the bamboo powderpost beetle, Dinoderus minutus, using X-ray computed tomography and acoustic emission
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki , Yanase Yoshiyuki , Fujii Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring were used to nondestructively analyze the oviposition behavior of the bamboo powderpost beetle,Dinoderus minutus, which takes place inside bamboo culms. Newly mated adult females ofD. minutuswere singly exposed to a bamboo piece, obtained from culms ofmadake(Phyllostachys bambusoides), and were kept at a temperature of 28 °C and a relative humidity of 65% with a photoperiod ofL12:D12. The bamboo pieces were subjected to X-ray CT scanning every 2–5 days, and they were also monitored continuously using AE. The behavior of males after mating was also analyzed in a similar manner. Oviposition tunnels bored across the bamboo vascular bundles and eggs deposited in the metaxylem vessels were visualized in the CT images. The females lived for 75 ± 17 days (mean ± SD) after mating, and they created tunnels that were 116.4 ± 52.1 mm in length and 177.2 ± 78.9 mm3in volume and laid 253.1 ± 125.3 eggs in total. Using AE monitoring, the tunneling activity of the females was detected. The AE data indicated that continuous tunneling activity of the females was separated by regular short pauses, lasting approximately 1 h, occurring at intervals of around 2 days. The tunneling activity of the females did not exhibit clear circadian rhythms, suggesting that it was unaffected by external photoperiod. The males tunneled more slowly than the females and had no preference to the boring direction, and their activities were in synchronization with the photoperiod.