bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of thermochemical upgrading of pyrolysis bio‐oil: Techno‐economic analysis, life cycle assessment, and technology readiness
Authors: Sorunmu Yetunde , Billen Pieter , Spatari Sabrina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTechnologies for upgrading fast pyrolysis bio‐oil to drop‐in fuels and coproducts are under development and show promise for decarbonizing energy supply for transportation and chemicals markets. The successful commercialization of these fuels and the technologies deployed to produce them depend on production costs, scalability, and yield. To meet environmental regulations, pyrolysis‐based biofuels need to adhere to life cycle greenhouse gas intensity standards relative to their petroleum‐based counterparts. We review literature on fast pyrolysis bio‐oil upgrading and explore key metrics that influence their commercial viability through life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno‐economic analysis (TEA) methods together with technology readiness level (TRL) evaluation. We investigate the trade‐offs among economic, environmental, and technological metrics derived from these methods for individual technologies as a means of understanding their nearness to commercialization. Although the technologies reviewed have not attained commercial investment, some have been pilot tested. Predicting the projected performance at scale‐up through models can, with industrial experience, guide decision‐making to competitively meet energy policy goals. LCA and TEA methods that ensure consistent and reproducible models at a given TRL are needed to compare alternative technologies. This study highlights the importance of integrated analysis of multiple economic, environmental, and technological metrics for understanding performance prospects and barriers among early stage technologies.
Does subjective assessment of dialyzer appearance reflect dialyzer performance in online hemodiafiltration?
Authors: Fazendeiro Matos João , Pinto Bruno , Felix Carla , Carvalho Helena , Ponce Pedro , Peralta Ricardo 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In post‐dilution online hemodiafiltration, a very thin balance subsists in preventing coagulation of the extracorporeal circuit (ECC) during treatment and bleeding in the patient, concerning dialyzer status and anticoagulation dose.The aim of this study was to assess whether there are clinical outcome differences between the visual aspect of the dialyzer's status in terms of clotted fibers at end of dialysis treatments, single‐pool urea kinetic modeling (spKt/V) and substitution volume (SubsVol).Methods: It is a multicenter, descriptive‐correlational study, involving 2829 patients during April 2016. Previous training was given to the Nursing staff to evaluate and classify both the dialyzer's and the venous chamber's appearance of the ECC venous line. Registration was performed at bedside immediately after the patient disconnection.Findings and discussion: Mean age was 68.96 years (SD = 13.75), 60.8% were men. The average hematocrit was 33.91% (SD = 3.45%). The average dry weight was 68.53 kg (SD = 13.27 kg). Mean unfractioned heparin (UFH) dose was 58.13 IU/kg. Only 32.4% of the patients had a clean dialyzer at the end of treatment. 19.4% of patients finished the treatment with more than 10% of clotted fibers. Patients with no residual blood (clean, 32.4%) presented a higher UFH dose (66.32 IU/kg) compared to overall average dose. UFH dose had a significant effect on dialyzer status. There were significant differences in average of spKt/V and SubsVol between the category clean and the other categories of dialyzer's status.Evaluating the dialyzer status represents an excellent opportunity to help the physicians to establish an ideal heparin dose. Only the category clean is significant to achieve the target. The nursing staff, by classifying the ECC appearance at patient's bedside and recording it in a centralized database, can be a major contributor to achieve an individualized and optimal UFH dose and subsequently better patient outcomes.
The relationship between antecedent creatinine decreases and outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Harada Tomonari , Sorimachi Hidemi , Obokata Masaru , Sunaga Hiroaki , Ishida Hideki , Ito Kyoko , Ogawa Tetsuya , Ando Yoshitaka , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Negishi Kazuaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have demonstrated an association between low serum creatinine levels and adverse outcomes in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. However, little is known regarding whether long‐term changes in serum creatinine predict outcomes independently and incrementally over a single point evaluation.MethodsSerum creatinine data at index (June 2013) and for the 18 months prior to the index blood sampling (between January 2012 and June 2013) were evaluated in 346 hemodialysis patients. Patients were followed from the index blood sampling for primary (all‐cause mortality) and secondary (cardiovascular death) endpoints.FindingsDuring a median follow‐up of 5.7 years, there were 82 all‐cause and 25 cardiovascular deaths. Compared to patients who survived, those who died displayed a greater time‐dependent reduction in creatinine levels during the 18 months prior to the index assessment, coupled with a greater decrease in predialysis body weight (interaction p = 0.007). Patients who displayed creatinine decline over the prior 18 months (∆ creatinine<0 mg/dL) had higher all‐cause mortality than those who maintained creatinine levels (∆ creatinine≥0 mg/dL). After adjustment for clinical factors and baseline creatinine index, antecedent creatinine decrease was independently associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality, with an incremental prognostic value over baseline creatinine index alone. A reduction in creatinine levels was also associated with cardiovascular death independent of the baseline creatinine index.DiscussionA long‐term antecedent decrease in serum creatinine levels is independently associated with clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients, with an incremental prognostic value over baseline creatinine index alone. Our data suggest that serial creatinine measurements are a useful prognosticator in practice.
Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for 12 weeks for hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Ogawa Eiichi , Nomura Hideyuki , Nakamuta Makoto , Kawano Akira , Dohmen Kazufumi , Kajiwara Eiji , Satoh Takeaki , Koyanagi Toshimasa , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Ooho Aritsune , Azuma Koichi , Furusyo Norihiro , Kato Masaki , Shimoda Shinji , Hayashi Jun ,   The Kyushu University Liver Disease Study (KULDS) Group
Published: October 2019

AimHepatitis C virus genotype 2 is common in East Asia, sub‐Saharan Africa, and Latin America. However, many countries in these areas lag behind other areas of the world in government approval for new direct‐acting antivirals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection.MethodsThis is a two‐part multicenter, real‐world cohort study. Study 1 consisted of 58 consecutive patients who were treated with LDV/SOF for 12 weeks. Study 2 used propensity score matching for LDV/SOF (n = 58) and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (n = 207) treatment groups (1:1) with a set of clinically important variables. Sustained viral response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12) and adverse events were evaluated in both studies.ResultsIn study 1, the overall SVR12 rates of the intention‐to‐treat and modified intention‐to‐treat populations were 94.8% (55/58) and 96.5% (55/57), respectively. High SVR12 rates were observed in almost all subgroups, including older age, compensated cirrhosis, and treatment experience. In study 2, propensity score matching of the entire study population yielded 52 matched pairs with similar baseline characteristics. There were no statistically significant differences between the LDV/SOF (96.1%) and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (98.0%) groups in the overall SVR12 rates of the modified intention‐to‐treat populations, and their rates of treatment discontinuation and adverse events were similar.ConclusionsTreatment with LDV/SOF for hepatitis C virus genotype 2 resulted in a high rate of SVR12 and excellent tolerability. The outcomes of LDV/SOF were very similar to those of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir.
International Academic Mobility in Chinese Academia: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Larbi Frank Okai , Ashraf Muhammad Azeem 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInternational academic mobility is an important dimension of the internationalization of higher education institutions, which aims to enact practical changes in economies and societies. Although many studies have investigated the mobility of international students, the mobility of international academics has been less investigated, particularly in the context of mainland China. This qualitative study explores the experience of international academics in Chinese academia. The study is based on semi‐structured interviews with twenty‐six international academics from different countries, working at different universities in Beijing. Through a four‐stage systematic analysis, the study shows that international academics’ engagement with mobility in Chinese academia can be characterized by a combination of gains and losses. This article explores how international academics view Chinese academia as either resourceful or restrictive for their academic career. It then discusses the hidden narratives concerning the challenges that international academics face in relation to mobility.
Autoreactive B cells in SLE, villains or innocent bystanders?
Authors: Hamilton Jennie A. , Hsu Hui‐Chen , Mountz John D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current concepts for development of autoreactive B cells in SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) focus on extrinsic stimuli and factors that provoke B cells into tolerance loss. Traditionally, major tolerance loss pathways are thought to be regulated by factors outside the B cell including autoantigen engagement of the B‐cell receptor (BCR) with simultaneous type I interferon (IFN) produced by dendritic cells, especially plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Later, in autoreactive follicles, B‐cells encounter T‐follicular helper cells (Tfh) that produce interleukin (IL)‐21, IL‐4 and pathogenic cytokines, IL‐17 and IFN gamma (IFNɣ). This review discusses these mechanisms and also highlights recent advances pointing to the peripheral transitional B‐cell stage as a major juncture where transient autocrine IFNβ expression by developing B‐cells imprints a heightened susceptibility to external factors favoring differentiation into autoantibody‐producing plasmablasts. Recent studies highlight transitional B‐cell heterogeneity as a determinant of intrinsic resistance or susceptibility to tolerance loss through the shaping of B‐cell responsiveness to cytokines and other environment factors.
Patterns of positivity: Positive affect trajectories among infants of mothers with a history of depression
Authors: Davis Molly , Goodman Sherryl H. , Lavner Justin A. , Maier Meeka S. , Stowe Zachary N. , Newport D. Jeffrey , Knight Bettina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study examined positive affect (PA) trajectories over the first year of life among infants of mothers with a history of depression (N = 191) as well as predictors (i.e., maternal prenatal and postpartum depression symptoms, maternal parenting behaviors) of those trajectories. Infant PA was observed in play and feeding tasks during laboratory visits at 3, 6, and 12 months of age; parenting behaviors were observed at 3 months. Mothers completed questionnaires regarding their symptoms of depression throughout the prenatal period and during the first 3 months postpartum. Growth curve analyses indicated that infant PA increased across time, and this finding replicated across both the play and feeding tasks, though increases slowed over time. Neither maternal prenatal nor postpartum depression symptoms predicted infants' PA trajectories, but mothers' PA, positive parenting, and disengaged parenting were associated with infant PA during the play task. Our finding that infant PA increased over the first year postpartum suggests PA trajectories among infants of mothers with a history of depression may be indices of resilience, despite risks associated with their mothers' history of depression. Furthermore, this study highlights parenting behaviors that may be important targets of prevention and early intervention efforts to bolster infant PA.
Risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with psoriasis receiving biologic therapies: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Rungapiromnan W. , Mason K.J. , Lunt M. , McElhone K. , Burden A.D. , Rutter M.K. , Warren R.B. , Griffiths C.E.M. , Ashcroft D.M. ,   BADBIR Study Group
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe cardiovascular safety profile of biologic therapies used for psoriasis is unclear.ObjectivesTo compare the risk of major cardiovascular events (CVEs; acute coronary syndrome, unstable angina, myocardial infarction and stroke) in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis treated with adalimumab, etanercept or ustekinumab in a large prospective cohort.MethodsProspective cohort study examining the comparative risk of major CVEs was conducted using the British Association of Dermatologists Biologics and Immunomodulators Register. The main analysis compared adults with chronic plaque psoriasis receiving ustekinumab with tumour necrosis‐α inhibitors (TNFi: etanercept and adalimumab), whilst the secondary analyses compared ustekinumab, etanercept or methotrexate against adalimumab. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using overlap weights by propensity score to balance baseline covariates among comparison groups.ResultsWe included 5468 biologic‐naïve patients subsequently exposed (951 ustekinumab; 1313 etanercept; and 3204 adalimumab) in the main analysis. The secondary analyses also included 2189 patients receiving methotrexate. The median (p25–p75) follow‐up times for patients using ustekinumab, TNFi, adalimumab, etanercept and methotrexate were as follows: 2.01 (1.16–3.21), 1.93 (1.05–3.34), 1.94 (1.09–3.32), 1.92 (0.93–3.45) and 1.43 (0.84–2.53) years, respectively. Ustekinumab, TNFi, adalimumab, etanercept and methotrexate groups had 7, 29, 23, 6 and 9 patients experiencing major CVEs, respectively. No differences in the risk of major CVEs were observed between biologic therapies [adjusted HR for ustekinumab vs. TNFi: 0.96 (95% CI 0.41–2.22); ustekinumab vs. adalimumab: 0.81 (0.30–2.17); etanercept vs. adalimumab: 0.81 (0.28–2.30)] and methotrexate against adalimumab [1.05 (0.34–3.28)].ConclusionsIn this large prospective cohort study, we found no significant differences in the risk of major CVEs between three different biologic therapies and methotrexate. Additional studies, with longer term follow‐up, are needed to investigate the potential effects of biologic therapies on incidence of major CVEs.
Costs of preparing to implement a virtual reality job interview training programme in a community mental health agency: A budget impact analysis
Authors: Smith Matthew J. , Graham Andrea K. , Sax Rachel , Spencer E‐Shawn , Razzano Lisa A. , Smith Justin D. , Jordan Neil 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRational, aims and objectivesIndividual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence based strategy for facilitating employment among adults with severe mental illness (SMI) where staff may lead mock job interviews to prepare clients for real‐world interviews (a method with limited scalability and cost effectiveness). A virtual reality job interview training program (VR‐JIT)—delivered via the internet—has demonstrated efficacy for increasing employment among adults with SMI. Now, VR‐JIT is being implemented with a community mental health agency (CMHA) and evaluated for its effectiveness within IPS. This study is a budget impact analysis, evaluating the costs of preparing a CMHA to implement VR‐JIT.MethodImplementation preparation occurred over 7 months from October 1, 2016 to April 30, 2017. CMHA staff (n = 15) and external research partners (n = 3) tracked their hours completing implementation preparation activities. Salaries plus a 28% fringe benefit rate were used to derive a per‐hour salary amount for each individual and applied to each activity. Non‐labor equipment costs were obtained from purchase receipts. A budget impact analysis evaluated the expenditures associated with preparing the CMHA to implement VRJIT.ResultsThe total implementation preparation costs equaled $25,482. Labor costs equaled $22,882 and non‐labor costs equaled $2,600. In total, 655 person‐hours were spent preparing for VR‐JIT implementation (e.g., preparing lab space, training, and supervising operations).ConclusionsThis study presents an initial evaluation of the budget impact of preparing to implement VR‐JIT in a CMHA. Cost considerations for future implementation preparation will be discussed. Given that the cost to prepare to implement an intervention can hinder its adoption, results provide an important analysis for decision‐makers that may enhance uptake. Future work will determine the cost‐effectiveness of VR‐JIT implemented within IPS. This study is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT = 03049813, “Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: An Enhancement to Supported Employment in Severe Mental Illness.”
Independency of regulating RH and O2/CO2 concentration and its effect on the quality of strawberry at 25°C
Authors: Wu Yanhu , Li Dongli , Fu Yabo , Liao Ruijuan , Shi Jiazi , Wang Jigang , Xu Wencai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStrawberries have a short postharvest life due to their relatively high water content, high metabolic activity, and susceptibility to microbial rot. Traditional MAP, even antimicrobial film could not avoid strawberry decay at room temperature. To solve this problem, a new passive MAP (PMAP) is proposed in this article. The innovation of the PMAP lies in the special structure of the lid film. The lid film of PMAP consists of two function films, which is paratactic border‐connected. The one film (oxygen permeable film) only allows O2 (or CO2) to pass through, and the other film (water vapor permeable film) only allows water vapor to pass through. Thus, the O2 concentration and relative humidity in the PMAP could be controlled by the area and gas permeability of the dual pieces function films, respectively and independently. In this way, the PMAP could establish a modified atmosphere with any relative humidity without any change in O2 concentration. Results show that the O2 concentration and relative humidity in headspace can be accurately controlled by the designed PMAP. The PMAP could prolong the shelf life of strawberry to 5–6 days at 25°C and maintain the excellent taste, special flavor, good appearance, and nutrition.Practical applicationsIn the packaging system, the area of the different functional films required can be calculated from the physiological effects of the strawberry, which in turn can independently control the physiological strength of the strawberry and RH in the headspace by controlling the area of different functional films. This will extend the shelf life of the retail strawberry. Not only that, but our design can be applied to another fruit packaging by simply selecting the right functional film. In addition, if we want to achieve other functions, such as antibacterial effects, simply add an antibacterial film to our packaging system. And this does not affect the headspace and humidity because they work completely independently. Therefore, our design has important practical significance for the preservation of fruits and vegetables.
A review of Code Blue activations in a single Regional Australian Healthcare Service: A retrospective descriptive study of RISKMAN data
Authors: Porter Joanne E. , Peck Blake , McNabb Tiffinee J. , Missen Karen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the case of life‐threatening conditions such as respiratory or cardiac arrest, or the clinical deterioration of the patient, a Code Blue activation may be instigated. A Code Blue activation involves a team of advanced trained clinicians attending the emergency needs of the patient.Aims and objectivesThe aim of the study was to explore the number of cases of Code Blue activations, looking at the timing, clinical ward, diagnosis and activation criteria while noting cases where escalation from a Medical Emergency Team (MET) call occurs in one Regional Healthcare Service in Victoria, Australia, over a six‐year period.MethodsA quantitative retrospective descriptive study of Code Blue emergencies over a six‐year period from June 2010 to June 2016 was conducted. Data collected from the RISKMAN program operating at a single site was imported into SPSS (V 22) for descriptive statistical analysis. A STROBE EQUATOR checklist was used for this study (see File S1).FindingsThe majority of Code Blue activations were male (59%,n = 127) and aged between 70 and 89 years of age (43%,n = 93). A Code Blue activation was more likely to occur at 08:00 hr, 14:00 hr or 22:00 hr, corresponding to the nurses’ change in shift, with the majority of Code Blues (27.8%,n = 60) occurring in the emergency department. Cardiac arrest was the main activation criterion with 54.6% (n = 118) cases followed by respiratory arrest (14%,n = 32). Interestingly, 20% (n = 45) of the Code Blue activations were upgraded from a Medical Emergency Team (MET) call.ConclusionThis project has produced several interesting findings surrounding Code Blue activations at one regional healthcare service which are not present in existing literature and is worthwhile for further investigation.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding Code Blue activation criteria, common timings (month, time of day) and patient demographics ensures clinicians can remain vigilant in watching for the signs of patient deterioration and improve staff preparedness Code Blue events.
Work by day and sleep by night, do not sleep too little or too much: Effects of sleep duration, time of day and circadian synchrony on flanker‐task performance in internet brain‐game users from teens to advanced age
Authors: Richards Anne , Kanady Jennifer C. , Huie John Russell , Straus Laura D. , Inslicht Sabra S. , Levihn‐Coon Andrew , Metzler Thomas J. , Neylan Thomas C. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryResearch elucidating the effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on cognitive performance is advancing, yet many important questions remain. Using flanker‐task performance scores from a large internet sample (N = 48,881) with repeated measures of cognitive performance and linked prior‐night self‐reported sleep duration, we analysed the relationship between sleep duration, time of day of task performance, and chronotype synchrony with performance in participants aged 15–80 years. Results indicate a performance peak at 7 hr habitual sleep duration, and point to a variable effect of deviation from habitual sleep duration depending on users’ habitual sleep duration and age. Time‐of‐day effects were notable for a steady decline in performance up until 01:00 hours–02:00 hours for the group as a whole, which was accounted for by nighttime deterioration on trials requiring inhibitory executive functioning, particularly in older subjects. Analyses did not demonstrate an advantage for playing in synchrony with self‐identified chronotype. Results strengthen findings indicating an inverted U‐shaped relationship between sleep duration and cognitive performance across a broad spectrum of age groups. These findings underscore the importance of daytime task performance for tasks requiring inhibitory function, especially in elderly people. Findings highlight the utility of large‐scale internet data in contributing to sleep and circadian science.