bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital buying behavior: The role of regulatory fit and self‐construal in online luxury goods purchase intentions
Authors: Fazeli Zahra , Shukla Paurav , Perks Keith 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrawing on regulatory focus theory, this study examines how consumers’ promotion and prevention focus influences luxury purchase intentions in an online domain. The research further investigates the interactive effects of regulatory focus, goal orientation, and self‐construal through four studies. Study 1 shows that promotion‐focused versus prevention‐focused consumers have a greater tendency to purchase luxury goods online and in‐store. Contrary to extant research regarding the compatibility between message frame and consumers’ regulatory focus, using varying manipulations, Studies 2 and 3 find the primacy of prevention‐framed messages in influencing online luxury purchase intentions for promotion‐ and prevention‐focused consumers. Further, unlike prior studies, Study 4 shows no significant interaction effect between regulatory focus, goal orientation, and self‐construal and adds a possible boundary condition by demonstrating how regulatory focus and self‐construal effects differ for luxury purchase online. Overall, the studies offer important contributions to theory and practice relating to luxury consumption in cyberspace.
Pathological Influences on Clinical Heterogeneity in Lewy Body Diseases
Authors: Coughlin David G. , Hurtig Howard I. , Irwin David J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPD, PD with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies are clinical syndromes characterized by the neuropathological accumulation of alpha‐synuclein in the CNS that represent a clinicopathological spectrum known as Lewy body disorders. These clinical entities have marked heterogeneity of motor and nonmotor symptoms with highly variable disease progression. The biological basis for this clinical heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Previous attempts to subtype patients within the spectrum of Lewy body disorders have centered on clinical features, but converging evidence from studies of neuropathology and ante mortem biomarkers, including CSF, neuroimaging, and genetic studies, suggest that Alzheimer's disease beta‐amyloid and tau copathology strongly influence clinical heterogeneity and prognosis in Lewy body disorders. Here, we review previous clinical biomarker and autopsy studies of Lewy body disorders and propose that Alzheimer's disease copathology is one of several likely pathological contributors to clinical heterogeneity of Lewy body disorders, and that such pathology can be assessed in vivo. Future work integrating harmonized assessments and genetics in PD, PD with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies patients followed to autopsy will be critical to further refine the classification of Lewy body disorders into biologically distinct endophenotypes. This approach will help facilitate clinical trial design for both symptomatic and disease‐modifying therapies to target more homogenous subsets of Lewy body disorders patients with similar prognosis and underlying biology. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Circulating miR‐130b‐ and miR‐21‐based diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Hu Zhenni , Qiang Yong , Zhu Xiaochao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the histological types of primary liver cancer with high recurrence and mortality in the world. The purpose of this study was to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic value for HCC patients.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the circulating miR‐130b‐5p (miR‐130b) and miR‐21‐5p (miR‐21) expression levels in patients with HCC and their association with clinical parameters.ResultsThe circulating miR‐130b and miR‐21 were all upregulated in patients with HCC. The upregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with clinicopathological parameters of tumor capsular infiltration and clinical TNM stage. Also, the poor prognosis of patients with upregulated miRNAs levels suggested that it may be an effective therapeutic target for HCC by suppression of the miRNAs levels. In addition, the combined detection of serum miR‐130b and miR‐21 performed better in the diagnosis of HCC with a sensitivity of 92.16% and an accuracy rate of 77.51%. In vivo, tumors treated with the nanoparticle (NP)/miR‐130b and miR‐21 inhibitor complexes had significantly lower growth than the other groups.ConclusionThe circulating miR‐130b and miR‐21 can be used as potential tumor biomarkers to diagnose liver cancer, and the combined detection of serum miR‐130b and miR‐21 is superior to the diagnosis of HCC. NP/miR‐130b and miR‐21 inhibitor complexes show good therapeutic effects in vivo and are expected to become therapeutic targets worthy of further study.
Technical Note: Film‐based measurement of gold nanoparticle dose enhancement for 192Ir
Authors: Bassiri Nema , Gray Tara , David Shaquan , Yogeshkumar Patel Devanshi , Locker Andrew , Rasmussen Karl , Papanikolaou Niko , Mayer Kathryn M. , Kirby Neil 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to introduce a simple yet accurate technique to measure the dose enhancement factor (DEF) of a citrate‐capped gold nanoparticle (GNP) solution using EBT3 film in an 192Ir setup.MethodsDose enhancement factor is the ratio of absorbed dose in a solution compared to absorbed dose in water, assuming identical irradiation parameters. Citrate‐capped GNPs were synthesized. An acrylic apparatus was constructed such that the EBT3 film was placed in charged particle equilibrium within the GNP solution with 0.28%, 0.56%, and 0.77% gold by mass. Sets of 12 dose measurements were collected for each GNP concentration as well as for water. The expected value of DEF was also calculated with the effective mass absorption coefficient of the GNP solution and water for an 192Ir spectrum. Furthermore, Burlin cavity correction factors were calculated and experimentally verified. Experimental verification of the cavity correction was performed by measuring DEF using stacks of 1, 3, and 5 sheets of film and extrapolating the DEF to 0 sheets of film.ResultsExperimental cavity corrections agreed with those calculated with the Burlin cavity formalism. The calculated DEF was 1.013, 1.027, and 1.037 for the 0.28%, 0.56%, and 0.77% gold by mass GNP solutions, respectively. The corresponding uncorrected DEF measurement values were 1.013 ± 0.006, 1.024 ± 0.010, and 1.032 ± 0.006, respectively. When applying the Burlin cavity formalism, the final corrected DEF measurement values were 1.016 ± 0.006, 1.029 ± 0.010, and 1.039 ± 0.006, respectively.ConclusionsThe experimental cavity correction results agreed with the theoretical Burlin calculations, which allowed for the Burlin corrections to be performed for all GNP concentrations and measured DEF values. The adjusted DEF values agreed with the theoretical calculations. Thus, these results indicate that a Burlin cavity calculation can be applied to correct film‐based DEF measurements for 192Ir.
13C chemical shift tensors in MOF α‐Mg3(HCOO)6: Which component is more sensitive to host‐guest interaction?
Authors: Xu Jun , Terskikh Victor V. , Chu Yueying , Zheng Anmin , Huang Yining 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of important porous materials with many current and potential applications. Their applications almost always involve the interaction between host framework and guest species. Therefore, understanding of host–guest interaction in MOF systems is fundamentally important. Solid‐state NMR spectroscopy is an excellent technique for investigating host–guest interaction as it provides information complementary to that obtained from X‐ray diffraction. In this work, using MOF α‐Mg3(HCOO)6 as an example, we demonstrated that 13C chemical shift tensor of organic linker can be utilized to probe the host–guest interaction in MOFs. Obtaining 13C chemical shift tensor components (δ11, δ22, and δ33, where δ11 ≥ δ22 ≥ δ33) in this MOF is particularly challenging as there are six coordinatively equivalent but crystallographically non‐equivalent carbons in the unit cell with very similar local coordination environment. Two‐dimensional magic‐angle‐turning experiments were employed to measure the 13C chemical shift tensors of each individual crystallographically non‐equivalent carbon in three microporous α‐Mg3(HCOO)6 samples with different guest species. The results indicate that the δ22 component (with its direction approximately being co‐planar with the formate anion and perpendicular to the C−H bond) is more sensitive to the adsorbate molecules inside the MOF channel due to the weak C−H···O hydrogen bonding or the ring current effect of benzene. The 13C isotropic chemical shift, on the other hand, seems much less sensitive to the subtle changes in the local environment around formate linker induced by adsorption. The approach described in this study may be used in future studies on host–guest interaction within MOFs.
An adaptive finite element method for the sparse optimal control of fractional diffusion
Authors: Otárola Enrique 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe propose and analyze an a posteriori error estimator for a partial differential equation (PDE)‐constrained optimization problem involving a nondifferentiable cost functional, fractional diffusion, and control‐constraints. We realize fractional diffusion as the Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann map for a nonuniformly PDE and propose an equivalent optimal control problem with a local state equation. For such an equivalent problem, we design an a posteriori error estimator which can be defined as the sum of four contributions: two contributions related to the approximation of the state and adjoint equations and two contributions that account for the discretization of the control variable and its associated subgradient. The contributions related to the discretization of the state and adjoint equations rely on anisotropic error estimators in weighted Sobolev spaces. We prove that the proposed a posteriori error estimator is locally efficient and, under suitable assumptions, reliable. We design an adaptive scheme that yields, for the examples that we perform, optimal experimental rates of convergence.
Adult paleopathology as an indicator of childhood social roles: A case study of Perthes disease in a native Ohio female
Authors: Clark Melissa A. , Bargielski Richard , Reich Devon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecently, the study of children has played an important role in the development of bioarchaeology. Particularly, researchers have long been concerned with the timing of growth and development and with childhood morbidity and mortality. These studies have helped to drive the field of bioarchaeology forward by elucidating the effects of culture on biological variation, including health, fertility, and, ultimately, human evolution. Building on this progress, recent works have called for further theoretical and methodological development in bioarchaeological studies of children, specifically developments that further the understanding of the social roles of children as simultaneously active and vulnerable social agents across temporal and cultural space. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of adult paleopathology in the identification of culturally meaningful stages of childhood social development and the entanglement of vulnerability and agency. To meet this aim, we will present a case study of a late‐prehistoric Erie woman who likely suffered from Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease of the hip. We argue that the timing and aetiology of Perthes disease are consistent with the practice of agricultural activities by about age seven, and possibly, with a shift in social responsibilities at this time.
Muscle Insulin Resistance in Youth with Obesity and Normoglycemia is Associated with Altered Fat Metabolism
Authors: Cree‐Green Melanie , Wiromrat Pattara , Stuppy Jacob J. , Thurston Jessica , Bergman Bryan C. , Baumgartner Amy D. , Bacon Samantha , Scherzinger Ann , Pyle Laura , Nadeau Kristen J. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to phenotype and compare adipose, hepatic, and muscle insulin sensitivity (IS) in a diet‐ and physical activity–controlled cohort of normoglycemic youth with obesity with that of participants without obesity (controls) to distinguish early metabolic abnormalities in pediatric obesity.MethodsThirty‐eight participants (17 in the control group [BMI < 85th percentile] and 21 youth with obesity [BMI ≥ 95th percentile]; age: 12‐21 years; 76% female; Tanner stage 4‐5; sedentary) were enrolled. Tissue‐specific IS was measured using a four‐phase hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp with glucose and glycerol isotope tracers to assess suppression of endogenous glucose release and lipolysis by insulin. Intramyocellular lipid content was assessed by 1H–magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) and visceral fat were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Calf‐muscle mitochondrial activity was measured with exercise‐stimulated 31P–magnetic resonance spectroscopy.ResultsYouth with obesity had higher HFF (P < 0.001), visceral fat (P = 0.024), and intramyocellular lipid content (P = 0.017) and lower muscle (glucose clearance rate [P < 0.001]), adipose (P < 0.0001), and hepatic IS (P < 0.003). Mitochondria postexercise response was not different. In participants with obesity, muscle IS inversely correlated with HFF (r = 0.700, P = 0.002) and suppressed free fatty acid concentrations (r = −0.65, P = 0.003).ConclusionsInactive normoglycemic youth with obesity had decreased muscle, adipose, and hepatic IS. Free fatty acids and liver fat were inversely associated with muscle IS, which argues for lipid‐targeted interventions.
Linking farmer and beekeeper preferences with ecological knowledge to improve crop pollination
Authors: Breeze Tom D. , Boreux Virginie , Cole Lorna , Dicks Lynn , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Pufal Gesine , Balzan Mario V. , Bevk Danilo , Bortolotti Laura , Petanidou Theodora , Mand Marika , Pinto M. Alice , Scheper Jeroen , Stanisavljević Ljubiša , Stavrinides Menelaos C. , Tscheulin Thomas , Varnava Androulla , Kleijn David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Pollination by insects is a key input into many crops, with managed honeybees often being hired to support pollination services. Despite substantial research into pollination management, no European studies have yet explored how and why farmers managed pollination services and few have explored why beekeepers use certain crops.

Using paired surveys of beekeepers and farmers in 10 European countries, this study examines beekeeper and farmer perceptions and motivations surrounding crop pollination.

Almost half of the farmers surveyed believed they had pollination service deficits in one or more of their crops.

Less than a third of farmers hired managed pollinators; however, most undertook at least one form of agri‐environment management known to benefit pollinators, although few did so to promote pollinators.

Beekeepers were ambivalent towards many mass‐flowering crops, with some beekeepers using crops for their honey that other beekeepers avoid because of perceived pesticide risks.

The findings highlight a number of largely overlooked knowledge gaps that will affect knowledge exchange and co‐operation between the two groups.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Hydrogenation in multicrystalline silicon: The impact of dielectric film properties and firing conditions
Authors: Sio Hang Cheong , Phang Sieu Pheng , Nguyen Hieu T. , Hameiri Ziv , Macdonald Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrogenation is a crucial step for improving the efficiency of multicrystalline silicon solar cells. In this work, we investigate the influence of different firing and annealing conditions on the efficacy of bulk hydrogenation in state‐of‐the‐art high‐performance multicrystalline silicon, for a range of hydrogen‐containing dielectric layers. All of the dielectric films studied, including aluminium oxide, amorphous silicon, and silicon nitride deposited with different tools, yield similar bulk lifetimes when annealed at optimal conditions. However, the optimal conditions vary between films, depending on the film properties. The overall hydrogenation effect does not appear to be affected by the cooling rate used during firing or by the application of illuminated annealing, performed at 250 ° C under 8 sun illumination. Moreover, we monitor in situ changes in the recombination behaviour of grain boundaries during the hydrogenation process, using a micro‐photoluminescence spectroscopy system with a temperature controlled stage. It is found that the hydrogenation reaction occurs at the annealing temperature range between 400 ° C and 500 ° C.
Nature of C60 and C70 fullerene encapsulation in a porphyrin‐ and metalloporphyrin‐based cage: Insights from dispersion‐corrected density functional theory calculations
Authors: Camacho Gonzalez Johanna , Mondal Sukanta , Ocayo Fernanda , Guajardo‐Maturana Raul , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe search for efficient synthetic hosts able to encapsulate fullerenes has attracted attention with regard to the purification and formation of ordered supramolecular architectures. This study of a porphyrin‐based cage as an extension of the well‐described ExCage6+ and BlueCage6+, involving viologen as sidearms, provides an interesting scenario where the oblate C70 fullerene is preferred in comparison to the spherical C60. Our results expose the nature of the fullerene‐cage interaction involving ∼50% of dispersion‐type interactions evidencing the strong π⋯π surface stacking, with a complementary contribution by the electrostatic and orbital polarization character produced by a charge reorganization with a charge accumulation facing the porphyrin macrocycles and a charge depletion along the equator formed by the viologens sidearms. Interestingly, the central N4H2 ring from each porphyrin contributes to the dispersion term via N‐H⋯π interactions, which is decreased when the metallate N4Zn is evaluated. Thus, the formation of stable and selective fullerene encapsulation can be achieved by taking into account two main driving forces, namely, (a) the extension of the π⋯π and X‐H⋯π stacking surface and (b) charge reorganization over the fullerene surfaces, which can be used to control fine tuning of the encapsulation thanks to the introduction of more electron‐deficient and electron‐rich groups within the host cage.
Proteomics profiling of swine serum following lipopolysaccharide stimulation
Authors: Olumee‐Shabon Zohra , Chattopadhaya Chaitali , Myers Michael J. 
Published: October 2019

RationaleThere are no approved animal drugs for management of inflammation in swine due to lack of validated animal models. To assess efficacy, it was essential to develop proteomics approaches to identify suitable biomarkers of inflammation as presented in this study.MethodsSerum samples were collected from a group of four pigs prior to (baseline) and 24 and 48 h following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation to reveal proteomic changes during inflammation. Two other pigs served as untreated controls. Proteins were separated by either one‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) or two‐dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis (2DE) prior to analysis by nano‐flow liquid chromatography (nLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).ResultsWe identified 165 proteins using SDS‐PAGE, of which 47 proteins were also detected by 2DE prior to nLC/MS/MS. More than half (72%) of all characterized proteins were modulated as a result of LPS stimulation, many of which are known to be involved with innate and adaptive immunity. Pig serum samples obtained 24 h after LPS initiation of inflammation showed protein modulations of serum albumin, serotransferrin, light and heavy immunoglobulin chains (IGs), and major acute phase proteins including haptoglobin (HPT), serum amyloid A2 (SAA2), C‐reactive protein (CRP), β‐2‐glycoprotein 1 (B‐2GP1), alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein (A2HS), α‐1‐antitrypsin (A1AT), and α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (A1AG). SAA2 was distinguished from the other SAA isoforms by the unique peptide sequence of SAA2.ConclusionsThe results provided proteomics analysis of swine serum due to LPS stimulation and indicated the importance of SAA2, which appears to be unique and may be regarded as a potential clinical diagnostic biomarker of inflammation.
Question Asking During Reading Comprehension Instruction: A Corpus Study of How Question Type Influences the Linguistic Complexity of Primary School Students’ Responses
Authors: Blything Liam P. , Hardie Andrew , Cain Kate 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe authors examined teachers’ (N = 19) use of different question types during small‐group comprehension instruction for 6–11‐year‐olds (N = 115). The authors tagged the corpus of 40 hours of guided reading sessions to enable computer‐based searches for syntactic forms of questions. Teachers frequently asked high‐challengewh‐ word questions (e.g., “How does that fit in with what you just read?”), and this was more pronounced in schools located in regions of low socioeconomic status, a finding associated with recency of completion of teacher training. Students’ responses were more linguistically complex when teacher questions comprised a high frequency of high‐challenge questions, particularlywh‐ word adverb questions (predominantlywhyandhow). These findings applied across the wide age and ability range of the sample, indicating that high‐challenge questions are effective in small‐group comprehension instruction for students in different age groups and at various levels of reading ability. The authors conclude that teachers benefit from being informed about the effect of various syntactic forms of questions, particularly the nuances ofwh‐ word questions. The findings also highlight the advantages of using corpus search methods to examine the influence of teacher question‐asking strategies during classroom interactions.
Dynamic Assembly of Micellar Mesostructures
Authors: Altay Yigit , Pijpers Imke A. B. , Abdelmohsen Loai K. E. A. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransient structural organization as a result of reversible interactions between individual structures is a significant characteristic of biological systems. Rearrangements of individual cells and cellular populations constantly take place as a result of interaction between different cells, in response to chemical cues. Colloidal systems that operate out‐of‐equilibrium attempt to replicate the interactivity and, in particular, dynamic association displayed in biological systems. To probe such dynamic behavior, we present an out‐of‐equilibrium micellar nanosystem, which is able to engage in assembly and disassembly processes. Utilizing reversible disulfide chemistry via simultaneous oxidation and reduction of thiol‐functionalized micelles results in formation of dynamic mesostructures. Such transient behavior is well‐controlled under non‐equilibrium conditions.