bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of conditioned medium from placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells as a storage medium for avulsed teeth: An in vitro study
Authors: Ji Ling‐Li , Song Ge , Jiang Li‐Ming , Liu Yao , Ding Zhen‐Jiang , Zhuang Xue‐Ying , Chen Xu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/AimThe viability of periodontal ligament cells on the root surface is a major factor that influences the healing of replanted teeth. A suitable storage medium is necessary to preserve avulsed teeth before replantation. Conditioned medium from placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSC‐CM) contains a variety of growth factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PMSC‐CM as a storage medium to maintain the cell viability of avulsed teeth.Material and MethodsExtracted premolars from healthy humans were randomly stored in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and PMSC‐CM for 6, 12 and 24 hours, respectively, at room temperature, and then the ratio of apoptosis of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells was identified by flow cytometry. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were incubated with HBSS and PMSC‐CM, respectively, for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours in 5% CO2 at 37°C. Then, the cell viability of PDLSCs was determined using the cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and a cell cycle assay was performed.ResultsThe apoptosis rate of PDL cells in PMSC‐CM was significantly lower than that in HBSS at 24 hours (P < .001), while the two groups showed similar cell apoptosis rates at 6 and 12 hours (P > .05). The cell proliferation of PDLSCs treated with PMSC‐CM significantly increased compared with the HBSS group (P < .05). The cell cycle assay revealed that the PDLSCs treated with HBSS were arrested at the G1 phase, while there was no difference between the PMSC‐CM group and the control group (P > .05).ConclusionsCompared with HBSS, PMSC‐CM showed better inhibition of apoptosis of PDL cells and promoted the proliferation of PDLSCs. Thus, PMSC‐CM could be a promising storage medium for avulsed teeth.
Service‐Learning in undergraduate dental education: Professional competence for clinical decision‐making
Authors: do Nascimento Camilla Ferreira , Warmling Cristine Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate a Service‐Learning activity in a dental education programme and the clinical decision‐making in the development of professional competence of undergraduate dental students.MethodsThe study consisted of a single holistic case study that involved quantitative and qualitative analyses. A total of 246 last‐semester students from a School of Dentistry in southern Brazil, between the years of 2013 and 2016, answered an anonymous online questionnaire with open‐ and closed‐ended questions (5‐point Likert scale). Two thematic axes were analysed: structural and pedagogical evaluation of the internship experience and development of professional competences (theory of Ergology). The SPSS program (16.0) was used to obtain means and standard deviations for a descriptive analysis of the data. Content analysis was performed for the qualitative data.ResultsThe scores ranged from neutral to positive concerning pedagogical dynamics (mean scores between 3.08 and 3.82). The preceptors were evaluated with the best mean score (3.82). All the components used to assess professional competences obtained positive scores with the exception of teamwork (2.95). Adaptations to the clinical protocols learned in class were made by 44% of the students.ConclusionsThe data showed that undergraduate dental students in the Service‐Learning programme acquire competencies for clinical decision‐making under unusual reality conditions. Adaptation of protocols was not related to less or greater knowledge of the protocols, which would be a negative condition, but to the students’ ability to formulate connections between scientific knowledge and the clinical practice.
Driving CARs with alternative navigation tools – the potential of engineered binding scaffolds
Authors: Zajc Charlotte U. , Salzer Benjamin , Taft Joseph M. , Reddy Sai T. , Lehner Manfred , Traxlmayr Michael W. 
Published: August 2020

T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) have shown impressive clinical efficacy against B‐cell malignancies. In contrast to these highly potent CD19‐targeting CAR T cells, many of those directed against other tumor entities and antigens currently suffer from several limitations. For example, it has been demonstrated that many scFvs used as antigen‐binding domains in CARs show some degree of oligomerization, which leads to tonic signaling, T cell exhaustion, and poor performance in vivo. Therefore, in many cases alternatives to scFvs would be beneficial. Fortunately, due to the development of powerful protein engineering technologies, also non‐immunoglobulin‐based scaffolds can be engineered to specifically recognize antigens, thus eliminating the historical dependence on antibody‐based binding domains. Here, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of such engineered binding scaffolds, in particular with respect to their application in CARs. We review recent studies, collectively showing that there is no functional or biochemical aspect that necessitates the use of scFvs in CARs. Instead, antigen recognition can also be mediated efficiently by engineered binding scaffolds, as well as natural ligands or receptors fused to the CAR backbone. Finally, we critically discuss the risk of immunogenicity and show that the extent of nonhuman amino acid stretches in engineered scaffolds—even in those based on nonhuman proteins—is more similar to humanized scFvs than might be anticipated. Together, we expect that engineered binding scaffolds and natural ligands and receptors will be increasingly used for the design of CAR T cells.
Efficacy of mobile health care in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Choi Eun‐Mi , Park Bo‐young , Noh Hie‐Jin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe performed a systematic review of studies that assessed the efficacy of mobile health care in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, in an attempt to obtain contemporary evidence on the clinical impact of mobile health care on the patients’ oral health and orthodontic treatment outcomes.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. We performed a comprehensive search using multiple databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science) with no restrictions on the language of publication or publication status up until 23 April 2019 to identify eligible studies.ResultsWe included 11 unique studies. In this review, 9 of the 11 selected studies showed positive effects of mobile healthcare intervention, which resulted in reduced scores of oral hygiene and periodontal indices and white‐spot lesions, as well as decreased duration of treatment, sagittal distance and intensity of self‐reported pain.ConclusionsMobile health care can be utilized as an adjuvant intervention to improve treatment outcomes in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Oral healthcare experts should consider novel interventions using mobile devices in addition to the conventional mode of intervention.
Health counselling in dental care for expectant parents: A qualitative study
Authors: Lindvall Kristina , Koistinen Susanne , Ivarsson Anneli , van Dijken Jan , Eurenius Eva 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesInterventions during pregnancy and early childhood have been shown to impact dental health. Thus, Antenatal Care and Dental Care collaborated in an intervention called Health Counselling in Dental Care (HCDC). HCDC was offered free of charge to first‐time expectant parents and was aimed at reducing the frequency of dental caries in children and their parents. However, the intervention reached less than 50% of the parents. The aim of this study was to explore facilitators of, barriers to, and suggestions for increased participation in HCDC.MethodsData were collected through semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with expectant parents. Participants were purposively sampled based on having been invited to HCDC and to achieve a variation in socio‐demographics. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using conventional qualitative content analysis.ResultsIn total, 16 interviews were conducted (10 women, 6 men). Six categories representing three facilitators and three barriers for participation emerged. The facilitators were the midwife’s crucial role for disseminating information about HCDC and motivating participation, that the parents perceived HCDC as valuable for themselves and their offspring, and a desire for new or more knowledge. The barriers included a shortage of information regarding the counselling, a perceived lack of value for the parents and offspring, and the timing of the counselling during pregnancy.ConclusionsThe midwives were crucial in providing information and motivation for HCDC participation. To increase attendance, sufficient information regarding the benefits of counselling is required, and the timing needs to be flexible and family‐centred.
Interventions stimulating prosocial helping behavior: A systematic review
Authors: Laguna Mariola , Mazur Zofia , Kędra Michał , Ostrowski Karol 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis systematic review of the literature aims to identify, analyze, and synthesize studies assessing the effectiveness of interventions stimulating prosocial behavior. It concentrates on helping behavior and covers experimental and quasi‐experimental research concerning interventions carried out in different settings. This review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Of the initial sample of 4,653 publications found in databases, 49 articles met our inclusion criteria and were classified as eligible for data extraction and narrative synthesis. The studies included in the review assessed 63 interventions, most of them targeted at children and adolescents. We distinguished three strategies stimulating prosocial behavior: behavioral, cognitive, and emotional. This review is informative for both researchers and practitioners. It provides researchers with methodological guidelines concerning how to conduct studies on the effectiveness of prosocial interventions, and it provides practitioners with guidelines on empirically tested strategies for stimulating prosocial helping behavior.
Simulation of hot air infrared‐assisted green peas drying using finite element method
Authors: Zare Dariush , Akbarzadeh Saeed , Nematollahi Mohammad Amin , Loghavi Mohammad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to simulate the drying kinetics of green peas in a hot‐air infrared‐assisted dryer using an appropriate finite element method (FEM). To achieve the aim of the study, the axisymmetric FEM with the Galerkin approach was employed to model and predict the drying behavior. One of the key physical properties required for the modeling was to determine the effective moisture diffusivity obtained from previous study on green peas drying in a lab‐scale hot‐air infrared‐assisted dryer. To compare the simulated moisture transfer results with those of experiments several experiments consisting of combination of main factors namely drying air temperatures (30°C, 40°C, and 50°C), infrared power intensity (0 as a control, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 W cm−2), and drying air flow velocity (0.5, 1, and 1.5 ms−1) were conducted in three replications. The predicted average moisture contents by the proposed mathematical model showed reasonably a good agreement with the experimental data (maximum error value: RMSE = 2.18 and MARE = 5.08%). The simulation was also compared by two‐dimensional FEM. The results demonstrated that the accuracy of the axisymmetric FEM was higher than two‐dimensional FEM. Based on the results, the developed FEM model has reasonable accuracy and can be applied to provide more information on the dynamics of moisture movement without running any experiments. Furthermore, the useful information about optimum design of industrial dryers and drying behavior can be achieved by simulation of the drying process.Practical ApplicationsFood security is an important issue for every developing country. Fruits are a major source of nutrients that widely used as fresh or processed. Drying process is widely used to improve the security, quality, shelf time, and also the packaging and transportation of the foodstuff. Design of dryer requires a high degree of attention. The useful information about optimum design of dryer and drying behavior can be achieved by simulation of the drying process. In this study, the finite element method is used to model and simulate the drying process of green peas (Pisum sativum L.). Green peas are one of the ancient cultivated and nutritious popular vegetables with a most useful amount of fiber that enjoy the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory benefits.
Impact of seasonal changes in vegetation on the river model prediction accuracy and real‐time flood control performance
Authors: Vermuyten Evert , Meert Pieter , Wolfs Vicent , Willems Patrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe vegetation along a river reach varies throughout a year. Seasonal vegetation affects the hydrodynamic behaviour of the river system. Accordingly, flood studies should take this temporal variation into account. This also applies to real‐time flood forecasting and control. This paper studies the impact of seasonal vegetation when considering real‐time flood control performance, based on a model predictive control (MPC) scheme. The scheme makes use of a conceptual river model to limit the computational times, as well as a reduced genetic algorithm (RGA) for the optimization of the flood control gates. The impact of seasonal vegetation on the conceptual model accuracy was analysed and a flexible data assimilation approach developed, to adjust the model predictions to different vegetation scenarios. This method can successfully improve the efficiency of a control strategy, by strongly predicting and reducing the impact of seasonal vegetation changes on river conditions.
The evolution of the pectoral extrinsic appendicular and infrahyoid musculature in theropods and its functional and behavioral importance
Authors: Klingler Jeremy J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBirds have lost and modified the musculature joining the pectoral girdle to the skull and hyoid, called the pectoral extrinsic appendicular and infrahyoid musculature. These muscles include the levator scapulae, sternomandibularis, sternohyoideus, episternocleidomastoideus, trapezius, and omohyoideus. As non‐avian theropod dinosaurs are the closest relatives to birds, it is worth investigating what conditions they may have exhibited to learn when and how these muscles were lost or modified. Using extant phylogenetic bracketing, osteological correlates and non‐osteological influences of these muscles are identified and discussed. Compsognathids and basal Maniraptoriformes were found to have been the likeliest transition points of a derived avian condition of losing or modifying these muscles. Increasing needs to control the feather tracts of the neck and shoulder, for insulation, display, or tightening/readjustment of the skin after dynamic neck movements may have been the selective force that drove some of these muscles to be modified into dermo‐osseous muscles. The loss and modification of shoulder protractors created a more immobile girdle that would later be advantageous for flight in birds. The loss of the infrahyoid muscles freed the hyolarynx, trachea, and esophagus which may have aided in vocal tract filtering.
Evidence that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway aggravates atherosclerotic disease in humans
Authors: Baumgartner R. , Berg M. , Matic L. , Polyzos K. P. , Forteza M. J. , Hjorth S. A. , Schwartz T. W. , Paulsson‐Berne G. , Hansson G. K. , Hedin U. , Ketelhuth D. F. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolism of tryptophan (Trp) along the kynurenine pathway has been shown to carry strong immunoregulatory properties. Several experimental studies indicate that this pathway is a major regulator of vascular inflammation and influences atherogenesis. Knowledge of the role of this pathway in human atherosclerosis remains incomplete.ObjectivesIn this study, we performed a multiplatform analysis of tissue samples, in vitro and in vivo functional assays to elucidate the potential role of the kynurenine pathway in human atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsComparison of transcriptomic data from carotid plaques and control arteries revealed an upregulation of enzymes within the quinolinic branch of the kynurenine pathway in the disease state, whilst the branch leading to the formation of kynurenic acid (KynA) was downregulated. Further analyses indicated that local inflammatory responses are closely tied to the deviation of the kynurenine pathway in the vascular wall. Analysis of cerebrovascular symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis data showed that the downregulation of KynA branch enzymes and reduced KynA production were associated with an increased probability of patients to undergo surgery due to an unstable disease. In vitro, we showed that KynA‐mediated signalling through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a major regulator of human macrophage activation. Using a mouse model of peritoneal inflammation, we showed that KynA inhibits leukocyte recruitment.ConclusionsWe have found that a deviation in the kynurenine pathway is associated with an increased probability of developing symptomatic unstable atherosclerotic disease. Our study suggests that KynA‐mediated signalling through AhR is an important mechanism involved in the regulation of vascular inflammation.
Mental health nursing in the 1960s remembered
Authors: Nolan Peter 
Published: August 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on this subject?

A growing literature is revealing the historical roles of nurses, their work and the various treatments with which they were involved.
Remarkably little, however, has been written by nurses themselves about the culture in which they worked and the beliefs and values they held.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

In providing a personal account of psychiatric nurse training in the 1960s, this paper seeks to show the ways in which hospital culture and clinical practices shaped nursing identities and the attitudes of nurses towards their work.

What are implications for practice?

This paper contributes to understanding the influence of cultural, managerial and attitudinal factors in shaping the work of mental health nurses and the quality of clinical outcomes they can achieve.

AbstractFor more than a century, mental hospitals were bedevilled by political disinterest, under‐resourcing, patient neglect and over reliance on medication and ECT to ensure compliance. Labelling mental health problems as illnesses silenced patients while empowering doctors. In the 1960s, social revolution brought about major changes for mental health care including a reduction in hospital beds, the growth of community services, improved pharmacological and psychological interventions and the rise of patient activism. Tensions between biomedical and psychological models of mental illness arose which persists to the present day. Although historians have studied this period from different perspectives, relatively little has been written by nurses. This is a personal account of nursing in a large psychiatric hospital between 1962 and 1965.
Sibling Participation in Service Planning Meetings for Their Brothers and Sisters With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the United States
Authors: Lee Chung Eun , Burke Meghan M. , Arnold Katie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSiblings have the longest lasting familial relationship. When a disability is present, siblings fulfill unique roles for their brothers and sisters with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Given their roles, siblings want to be included in service planning; however, it is unclear the extent to which siblings are involved in service planning. The purpose of this study was to examine sibling involvement in service planning meetings. In this study, 422 siblings of individuals with IDD in the United States responded to a national, web‐based survey. Only 36% of siblings had attended a service planning meeting for their brother/sister with IDD. Further, sibling involvement was positively correlated with sibling age, advocacy, future planning activities, and less functional abilities of individuals with IDD. Siblings reported needing certain supports to better participate in service planning; an improved service delivery system, information about navigating adult services, family–professional partnerships, access to support from others, and logistical supports. In this study, siblings reported wanting more support to advocate for their brothers and sisters with IDD. To support these siblings, professionals need to encourage sibling attendance at service planning meetings and provide advocacy supports.
Comparison of the spatio‐temporal distribution of the roughneck shrimp Rimapenaeus constrictus (Stimpson, 1874) (Crustacea, Penaeoidea) from monthly samples collected 20 years apart: Effects of a marine protected area in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Bernardes Veronica P. , Sousa Aline N. , Bernardo Camila H. , Teixeira Gustavo M. , Costa Rogério C. , Mantelatto Fernando L. , Fransozo Adilson 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study was motivated by the data about a Rimapenaeus constrictus population from Ubatuba Bay, obtained in the 1990s, and by the establishment of a marine protected area (MPA) in the same region in 2008. We obtained comparable data about the distribution and abundance of this species collected 20 years apart, to evaluate the effectiveness of the MPA, for its preservation and possible changes in the populational profile. Biotic and abiotic data were obtained monthly, in September 1995–August 1996 (period 1 = 1ºP), and in September 2016–August 2017 (period 2 = 2ºP), from five transects within Ubatuba Bay. In total, 710 and 2,362 individuals were caught in the 1oP and 2oP, respectively. Despite this increase in abundance, aspects of the spatial distribution did not change substantially. The high abundance recorded at 5 m of depth was probably due to the creation of the MPA and to the accumulation of detritus at this depth. The high abundance seen in the transect sheltered from waves may be related to sediment heterogeneity, which was higher in this transect, and to the fact that this area is naturally protected from fisheries. In the 1ºP, the highest abundances were recorded in spring and summer, whereas in the 2ºP, they occurred in autumn and winter. This change may be explained by the entrance of the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW), which drives shrimps towards shallower areas. During the 2ºP, a fishing ban occurred in autumn (March 1st until May 31st), which is also when the SACW retreats and water temperature and salinity increase. These two factors combined may have been responsible for the increased shrimp abundance. In conclusion, both conservation practices (MPA and fishing ban) along with the existence of an area naturally protected from fisheries seem to have positively affected the population of R. constrictus, leading to an increase in abundance over the 20‐year interval.