bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic Stellate Cell: A Potential Target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Mengna , Miao Huajie , Fu Rong , Zhang Jie , Zheng Wenjie 
Published: February 2020

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Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, in which hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC) accounts for the majority. Despite the progression in treatment, the prognosis
remains extremely poor for HCC patients. The mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis are complex,
of which fibrosis is acknowledged as the pre-cancerous stage of HCC. Approximately, 80-90% of
HCC develops in the fibrotic or cirrhotic livers. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main effector
cells of liver fibrosis, could secret various biological contents to maintain the liver inflammation.
By decades, HSCs are increasingly correlated with HCC in the tumor microenvironment.

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In this review, we summarized the underlying mechanisms that HSCs participated in the genesis
and progression of HCC. HSCs secrete various bioactive contents and regulate tumor-related pathways,
subsequently contribute to metastasis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, chemoresistance
and cancer stemness. The study indicates that HSC plays vital roles in HCC progression, suggesting
it as a promising therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
Pelatihan Penggunaan Cabri 3D Pada Mata Kuliah Geometri
Authors: Wahyuni Septia , Rahmadhani Elfi 
Published: February 2020

Cabri 3D adalah salah satu aplikasi yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran geometri, misalnya menggambar bangun ruang, penentuan letak titik, penentuan letak garis, perhitungan luas serta volume bangun ruang secara cepat, tepat dan akurat. Peserta pelatihan adalah mahasiswa prodi Tadris Matematika semester V, yang merupakan para calon guru matematika yang dituntut untuk menguasai konsep geometri secara baik. Software Cabri 3D ini dapat membantu mahasiswa untuk memperdalam kemampuan analisis pada materi geometri. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan meliputi tutorial dan praktek secara langsung. Berdasarkan pengamatan dan diskusi dengan peserta pelatihan, tampak bahwa peserta bersemangat dan antusias mengikuti pelatihan. Hasil pelatihan ini peserta mendapat pengetahuan secara teoritis dan memiliki kemampuan mengggunakan software Cabri 3D pada materi geometri.
Setting Artificial Neural Network Hyperparameters for Mobile Platform Navigation
Authors: Dudarenko D. M. , Smirnov P. A. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of reseach. The main purpose of this work is to increase the efficiency of a neural network model when navigating a mobile robotic platform in static and dynamically generated environments. Methods. To solve this problem, precise setting and optimization of neural network hyperparameters were proposed. In order to encourage agents to explore the environment, the reward system was adjusted to increase the reward when the distance from the agent to the target point was reduced, and the penalty increased when moving in the opposite direction to the end point and passing each subsequent scene. This distribution of rewards and penalties encourages agents to learn actively and helps to reduce the total number of scenes. In order to reduce the amount of data processed by a neural network, normalization of input vectors was introduced. The learning time of the neural network model was reduced due to the parallel training of agents and, consequently, increased experience as a result of the environmental research. Results. The proposed approach reduced the learning time by 30% and improved the navigation efficiency of the mobile platform by 10% in a dynamically generated environment and by 22% in a static environment compared to the non-optimized model. Conclusion. The proposed solution can be used in conjunction with other methods of tracing and navigation, when the taught neural network works simultaneously with the already developed and proven navigation algorithms, for example, if the mobile platform connects a taught neural network only to adjust the position in space and to prevent collisions with other objects.
Simulation of Controlled Motion of a Person When Walking in an Exoskeleton
Authors: Yatsun S. F. , Loktionova O. G. , Al Manji Khalil Hamed Mohammed Hamood , Yatsun A. S. , Karlov A. E. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of reseach. Robot exoskeletons open up new possibilities in the rehabilitation of patients with lower limb injuries. Despite the growing number of publications on this topic, many issues related to the development of design tools based on the simulation of human movement in an exoskeleton using the theoretical basis of stable movement in the upright position have not been studied well enough. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop methods for improving the efficiency of the lower extremity exoskeleton control system for biped gait. Methods. The key feature of the paper is the application of modeling techniques determining the laws of the exoskeleton motion. Methods of mathematical modeling of the motion of sections are used, taking into account their subsequent possible use in modeling the motion of exoskeleton sections; trajectory equations are composed using the vector-matrix method. The trajectories of the exoskeleton's foot, lower leg, and hip movement during steady walking are studied.Results. To simulate the operation of a robotic complex - a prototype of an exoskeleton of the lower extremities with ten active degrees of freedom, kinematic definition the trajectory of the sections is used. To find the vector of generalized coordinates, the inverse kinematics problem is solved applying the vector-matrix method using the Jacobian matrix. The results of numerical simulation show high convergence and eficacy of the proposed method. The proposed method allows defining the trajectory of the operator in the exoskeleton in real devices.Conclusion. In the paper, the study of walking is performed from the standpoint of modeling a quasi-static gait using kinematic approaches. The developed method for determining the defining angles of rotation of the exoskeleton sections for different foot positions taking into account the position of the mass center projections, is used in the development of algorithms for controlling human motion in the exoskeleton.
Settlement Computation of Homogeneous Base
Authors: Pakhomova E. G. , Kutsenko O. I. , Morozova A. S. , Timokhina A. R. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of reseach. This article proposes the development of a new methodology for determining the settlement of a homogeneous foundation base on the basis of the layer-by-layer summation method, which reduces the amount of calculations performed.Methods. The boundary of the compressible stratum can be determined graphically from the condition that the additional stresses are equal to half the natural stresses. Knowing the value of the depth of the compressible stratum, we can determine the total value of the coefficients included in the well-known formula for calculating the settlement of the base by the method of layer-by-layer summation. Having determined the value of the specified coefficient in the layer located directly below the base of the foundation, we introduce the coefficient Kα, which reflects the proportion of sediment in the layer under consideration.Results. The application of the developed coefficient Kα allows determining the base settlement by calculating the deformations of one soil layer located directly below the base of the foundation, which greatly simplifies the design of underground structures. As an example, we consider a foundation, the average pressure under the sole of which is 1200 kPa, the laying depth d = 2 m, the base is homogeneous with a deformation modulus of 20 MPa and a specific gravity of γ = 18 kN / m3. The settlement of the building-basement system was calculated by the method of layer-bylayer summation and the critical analysis of the results was performed. When calculating precipitation by the method of layer-by-layer summation according to the known formulas given in SP 22.13330. 2016 “Foundations of buildings and structures”, it was obtained a draft value of 9 cm. When calculating the base deformations according to the proposed method, the boundary of the compressible thickness Hc = 5.7 m was graphically determined. The coefficient value was 0.203, and the draft was 9 cm.Conclusion. The settlement values determined in accordance with current regulatory documents and the developed methodology are the same, which allows us to conclude that the proposed method has a sufficient degree of reliability and can significantly facilitate the process of determining the deformations of the base of buildings and structures.
La cruel animalidad
Authors: Hernández Delgadillo Sergio Andrés 
Published: February 2020

En este trabajo se propone criticar los presupuestos que subyacen a la identificación entre crueldad y animalidad dentro del pensamiento occidental, así como analizar sus formas idiomáticas y culturales. El texto muestra cómo la crueldad ha sido definida históricamente en relación con cierta referencia a la animalidad, desde los rituales antiguos en las religiones animistas hasta la fenomenología de Heidegger. El breve recorrido a través de la historia intelectual de la crueldad nos coloca de nuevo ante el cuestionamiento de en qué consiste la crueldad, y especialmente qué es la animalidad.
El esfuerzo de pensar la subjetividad
Authors: Sánchez Barajas María Del Pilar 
Published: February 2020

Reseña de Pedro Enrique García Ruiz y Rosa Esther López García, coords. Teorías de la subjetividad. Crisis y replanteamientos del sujeto. México, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, DGAPA, UNAM, 2016. 232 pp.
PEMENUHAN HAK NAFKAH SEBAGAI SALAH SATU POLA TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN ANAK: ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN A. HAMID SARONG
Authors: Heti  
Published: February 2020

Parents are the first party responsible for protecting and fulfilling children's rights. When children are born, they are entitled to the rights to parents and parents also have responsibilities for them. Among the rights of children that must be fulfilled by parents are the rights of the living. Concerning the family living, Hamid Sarong said that fathers are obliged to provide a living for their children if they need it. Similarly, children are required to provide for their parents when they need it. If the father is poor or has insufficient income, they are still obliged to provide for his children. If the mother has sufficient earning, she can be instructed to provide a living for the children who are the responsibility of their father, but she can ask for reimbursement later. If the mother is also poor, then the grandfather (from father) is responsible for providing the livelihood for the children, and he has the right to ask the father to pay back the income given to his grandchildren. If the father died, then the responsibility for the children's living is transferred to the grandfather, a substitute for the father if he is absent or passed away. Hamid Sarong's opinion is in line with the provisions applied in Islamic law and the in Indonesian law. However, Indonesia legislation has not established the issue related to the re-payment or reimbursement of the living that cannot be fulfilled by the father.
Abstrak: Orang tua merupakan pihak pertama yang bertanggung jawab terhadap perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak-hak anak. Hak anak pada orang tua dimulai sejak anaknya dilahirkan dan menghirup udara kehidupan. Sejak itu pula timbul tanggung jawab orang tua terhadap anak-anaknya. Diantara hak-hak anak yang harus dipenuhi oleh orang tua adalah hak nafkah. Tentang nafkah keluarga, Hamid Sarong mengatakan bahwa ayah berkewajiban mencukupkan nafkah anak-anaknya apabila mereka memerlukan, demikian pula anak berkewajiban mencukupkan nafkah ibu bapaknya apabila mereka memerlukan. Apabila ayah dalam keadaan fakir atau penghasilannya tidak mencukupi, kewajiban memberi nafkah kepada anak-anaknya itu tetap ada, tidak menjadi gugur, dan apabila ibu anak-anak berkecukupan dapat diperintahkan mencukupkan nafkah anak-anaknya yang menjadi kewajiban ayah mereka itu, tetapi dapat ditagih untuk mengembalikannya. Apabila ibu fakir juga, maka nafkah anak dimintakan kepada kakek (bapak ayah), dan pada saatnya kakek berhak minta ganti nafkah yang diberikan kepada cucunya itu kepada ayah. Apabila ayah tidak ada lagi, maka nafkah itu dibebankan kepada kakek, sebab kakek berkedudukan sebagai pengganti ayah dalam hal ayah tidak ada lagi. Pendapat Hamid Sarong ini sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku di dalam hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang yang berlaku di Indonesia. Namun tentang nafkah yang tidak mampu ditunaikan oleh ayah bisa ditagih untuk dikembalikan, perundang-undangan yang di Indonesia belum mengatur sejauh itu.
Kata Kunci: Kewajiban Orang Tua, Hak Nafkah, Perlindungan Anak
EKSISTENSI BITCOIN DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQĀṢID AL-SYAR‘ĪYAH
Authors: Dara  , Jabbar Sabil  , Syarifuddin Usman  
Published: February 2020

Historically, the means of payment has evolved from time to time. The current phenomenon is Bitcoin, claimed by its users as a means of future payments, that have been the major attention of many people, from people in business to students. The research question in this study was how the existence of Bitcoin as a medium of exchange is, and how its existence as a medium of exchange is viewed based on the maqāṣid al-syar 'īyah. This used the literature research method and the maqāṣidī approach by applying the tarjih maslahat method. The existence of Bitcoin as a medium of exchange is considered valid because of the 'urf recognition. However, it requires a legal status from the government because it is related to al-maslahat al-mmāmmah, the mafsadat (damage) value of Bitcoin is higher than its maslahat (benefit) value. Hence, it is concluded that Bitcoin is valid as a medium of exchange. Still, its use must be limited due to the mafsadat (harm) probability that is more dominant at the ḍarūriyyāt (primary needs) level, following the principle of "rejecting the harm is prioritized than realizing the benefit."
Abstrak: Berdasarkan sejarah, alat pembayaran dari masa ke masa telah mengalami evolusi, pada saat ini terdapat sebuah fenomena yaitu fenomena Bitcoin yang diklaim oleh para penggunanya sebagai alat pembayaran masa depan yang telah banyak menyita perhatian orang mulai dari kalangan pengusaha hingga mahasiswa. Bitcoin memiliki beberapa kelebihan jika dibandingkan dengan alat pembayaran yang biasa digunakan, di antaranya yaitu sifatnya yang desentralisasi sehingga tidak ada pengendali pusat yang akan ikut campur di dalamnya. Sedangkan pada kebiasaannya, alat pembayaran di suatu wilayah berada di bawah pengawasan pemerintah karena alat pembayaran tergolong kepada kebutuhan primer yang menyangkut kesejahteraan umum. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana eksistensi Bitcoin sebagai alat tukar dan bagaimana keberadaan Bitcoin sebagai alat tukar berdasarkan maqāṣid al-syar‘īyah. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan dan pendekatan maqāṣidī dengan menerapkan metode tarjih maslahat. Keberadaan Bitoin sebagai alat tukar dianggap sah karena terdapat pengakuan secara ‘urf. Akan tetapi status sah tersebut perlu mendapatkan pengesahan pemerintah karena terkait dengan al- maslahat al-‘āmmah, nilai mafsadat pada Bitcoin lebih dominan jika dibandingkan dengan nilai maslahatnya. Dari paparan di atas disimpulkan bahwa keberadaan Bitcoin sah sebagai alat tukar, namun penggunaannya merupakan sesuatu yang harus dibatasi karena probabilitas mafsadatnya lebih dominan yang berada pada tingkat ḍarūriyyāt.. Hal ini sesuai dengan kaidah “menolak mafsadat di dahulukan dari pada mewujudkan maslahat.”
Keyword: Eksistensi, Bitcoin, Maqāṣid al-Syar‘īyah.
DAMPAK PEMEKARAN DAERAH PADA PELAYANAN PUBLIK DITINJAU MENURUT SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA
Authors: Ali  , Siti Mawar  , Nurdin Syah  
Published: February 2020

Region expansion is one of the main keys in providing services to the community, after the establishment of Law Number 22 of the Year 1999 concerning the regional government. This law was established due to problems arose mainly concerning the lack of public services, the extent of territory, territorial borders, ethnic and cultural differences, and unfair development in all regions and others, leading to many problems in the community. The results of this study revealed that region expansion had positive implications in term of social, political and cultural recognition of regional communities. Through the expansion policy, community entities with a long history of cohesiveness and greatness have been recognized as new autonomous regions. This recognition has, in turn, positively contribute to community satisfaction, which ultimately increases the regional support for central governments. It can be concluded that regional expansion policies shorten the geographical distance between citizen settlements and service centers, and narrow the range of control between the local governments and its lower government units. In addition, the expansion enables the government to bring new types of service to the area, such as electricity, water, and health services.
Abstrak: Pemekaran daerah merupakan salah satu kunci utama dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, setelah disahkannya atas UU No. 22 Tahun 1999 tentang pemerintahan daerah, lahirnya undang-undang ini dikarenakan adanya permasalahan-permasalahan yang timbul terutama dari segi kurangnya pelayanan publik, luasnya wilayah, batas wilayah, perbedaan suku dan budaya,dan pembangunan yang tidak merata di seluruh daerah dan lain-lain, sehingga menimbulkan banyak permasalahan dalam masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemekaran daerah membawa implikasi positif dalam bentuk pengakuan sosial, politik dan kultural masyarakat daerah. Melalui kebijakan pemekaran, entitas masyarakat yang mempunyai sejarah kohesivitas dan kebesaran yang panjang, memperoleh pengakuan sebagai daerah otonom baru. Pengakuan ini pada gilirannya memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap kepuasan masyarakat, sehingga meningkatkan dukungan daerah terhadap pemerintah nasional. Intisari kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah Kebijakan pemekaran daerah mampu memperpendek jarak geografis antara pemukiman penduduk dengan sentra pelayanan, juga mempersempit rentang kendali antara pemerintah daerah dengan unit pemerintahan di bawahnya. Disamping itu, pemekaran juga memungkinkan untuk menghadirkan jenis-jenis pelayan baru di Daerah tersebut seperti pelayanan listrik, Air, Kesehatan dan sebagainya.
Kata Kunci: Dampak Pemekaran, Pelayanan Publik, Otonomi Khusus
Frantz Fanon, um escritor múltiplo: trajetória intelectual, formação cultural e movimentação política
Authors: Durão Gustavo De Andrade 
Published: February 2020

Frantz Fanon atuou no contexto argelino como escritor revolucionário, tendo contribuído igualmente para as reflexões no campo cultural. Sua trajetória foi rica na medida em que, além de sua participação na Segunda Guerra Mundial e na luta pela independência da Argélia, posicionou-se em relação às produções culturais de seu tempo. A obra de Fanon abordou parte do pensamento anticolonial e revolucionário e sob esse aspecto, ela não foi completamente considerada pela historiografia da África contemporânea. Seus biógrafos e pesquisadores sugerem que ele operou com maior profundidade as questões de identidade e representatividade para o negro-africano. Através da interpretação de algumas críticas busca-se compreender como Fanon foi invisibilizado no que diz respeito aos movimentos de contestação ao colonialismo e, ainda, como o extremo apego às análises raciais ou étnicas engessaram interpretações variadas sobre esse autor. Ele foi escritor de características múltiplas para quem o caminho percorrido envolveu a crítica ao campo cultural (négritude) e uma militância política contundente (revolução) deixando em aberto ainda muitas chaves de leitura sobre esse pensador-ator fundamental para os estudos africanos.
Palavras-Chave: Frantz Fanon, revolução, Négritude, cultura, colonial.
O desafio do “outro” africano: formação da identidade e invenção da(s) África(s) a partir do romance “a geração da utopia” de Pepetela
Authors: De Oliveira Neto João Matias 
Published: February 2020

Neste artigo, tensiono a construção da África com base na própria construção do “outro” enquanto um desafio para as ciências sociais e humanas. A partir de uma reflexão sobre o próprio processo de formação da África, muitos termos e nacionalismos foram utilizados para a chegada a um denominador comum acerca daquilo que define o continente africano, bem como também daquilo que se esvai em diferenças de perspectiva, de regiões e de buscas por esta identidade. Assim, escolho como exemplo meu estudo sobre a obra A Geração da Utopia enquanto um processo a partir do qual a dificuldade para a chegada a um entendimento sobre identidade pode revelar um desafio maior: entender como múltiplas identidades foram sendo construídas, em parte como herança de uma visão nacionalista sobre identidade, e de que maneira os escritores africanos, à sua maneira, representam-na dentro de contextos específicos.
Palavras-chave: identidade; Angola; Pepetela; mestiçagem; nacionalismo; história.
PENGARUH LATIHAN BARBELL CURLS DAN TRICEPS PUSHDOWN TERHADAP HIPERTROFI OTOT-OTOT BAGIAN LENGAN ATAS PADA ANGGOTA MAX POWER GYM DAN AEROBIC KOTA PADANG
Authors: Cakrawala Galang Cikal , Agus Apri 
Published: February 2020

Permasalahan yang utama pada anggota Max Power Gym & Aerobic adalah banyak dari mereka yang memiliki berbagai macam target latihan seperti tujuan untuk hipertrofi otot dan meningkatkan kodisi fisik dan target latihan lainnya yang diinginkan, tetapi mereka tidak mengetahui bagaimana prinsip latihan yang tepat untuk target latihan, banyak yang hanya melakukan latihan dengan pengetahuan seadanya dan mengeluhkan hasil yang kurang signifikan terhadap target latihan yang diinginkan.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah experiment semu (quasi experiment). Bentuk latihan yang difokuskan adalah latihan barbell curls dan triceps pushdown dengan menggunakan metode latihan piramida.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota Max Power Gym & Aerobic sebanyak kurang lebih 200 orang.Sebelum penelitian dilakukan jumlah sampel yang direncanakan adalah sebanyak 20 sampel yang memiliki target latihan hipertrofi otot, sampel yang didapatkan 14 sampel yang memiliki target latihan hipertrofi otot. Penelitian dimulai pada tanggal 25 Maret – 25 Mei dengan rentang umur para sampel adalah antara 20 tahun – 29 tahun. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknikpurposive samplingpada anggota yang memiliki target latihan hipertrofi otot.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji T pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari perhitungan uji t didapatkan thitung(18) > ttabel(2,16)untuk ttabel pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05, dapat diberikan kesimpulan sebagai berikut, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan latihanbarbell curls dan triceps pushdown terhadap hipertrofi otot – otot bagian lengan ataspada anggota Max Power Gym & Aerobic Kota Padang.