bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of carcass weight, sex and genotype on meat cuts and carcass trait in pigs
Authors: Xie Lei , Qin Jiangtao , Cui Dengshuai , Tang Xi , Xiao Shijun , Zhang Zhiyan , Huang Lusheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Pork cutting is a very important processing in promoting economic appreciation in the pig industry chain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proportion and weight of carcass cuts, and to analyze the effects of breeds or hybrids, sex and carcass weight on meat cuts. Simultaneously, explore the correlation between meat segmentation and carcass traits.
Methods

The sampled pigs were raised in Muyuan Food Co., Ltd. (Henan, China) under constant and consistent feeding environment and uniformly slaughtered at 180 days following standard pig slaughter processing. A total of 2,000 pigs from four genotypes of Landrace (LD), Yorkshire (YK), Landrace × Yorkshire (LY) and Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) were sampled and measured for 19 classes carcass cuts traits including its weights and proportions and 10 carcass traits relating to carcass length and back fat products. Effects of carcass weight, sex and genotype on meat cuts and carcass traits were investigated by linear model using home-made R scripts.
Results

The proportion of the middle cut increasing and proportion of the shoulder and leg cut decreasing as carcass weights increasing. More specifically, proportion of backfat increased the highest and the thickness of four-point backfat was significantly increasing with carcass weights increasing, which hint that fat deposition is the major step in the late growth stage. Besides, the proportion of shoulder cut and backfat in barrows are significantly higher than that in sows, while the leg cut is the opposite. The proportion of the middle cut and shoulder cut are the highest in LD and DLY respectively. We also found that the effects of carcass weight, sex and breed for carcass traits are consistent with cutting meats. Furthermore, the correlation between the proportions of most cutting meats and carcass traits was low.
Conclusions

The effects of carcass weight, sex and genotype on the weight and proportion of most cutting meats and carcass traits reflect the characteristic of breeds and its differential character of growth to fatten developments between sex. The above results laid an important foundation for the breeding of pig carcass composition.
MicroRNA bta-miR-365-3p inhibits proliferation but promotes differentiation of primary bovine myoblasts by targeting the activin A receptor type I
Authors: Hao Dan , Wang Xiaogang , Wang Xiao , Thomsen Bo , Lan Xianyong , Huang Yongzhen , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
MicroRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators that repress translation or degrades mRNA transcripts. Each microRNA has many mRNA targets and each mRNA may be targeted by several microRNAs. Skeletal muscles express a plethora of microRNA genes that regulate muscle development and function by controlling the expression of protein-coding target genes. To expand our understanding of the role of microRNA, specifically bta-miR-365-3p, in muscle biology, and we studied its function to primary bovine myoblast proliferation and differentiation.
Results
We first show that bta-miR-365-3p is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and heart tissue in Chinese Qinchuan beef cattle. Quantitative PCR and western blotting showed that overexpression of bta-miR-365-3p significantly reduced the levels of cyclinD1 (CCND1), cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) but stimulated the expression of muscle differentiation markers MYOD1, MYOG. Moreover, downregulation of bta-miR-365-3p increased expression of CCND1, CDK2 and PCNA but decreased expression of MYOD1 and MYOG at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, flow cytometry, EdU proliferation assays and immunostaining showed that increased levels of bta-miR-365-3p suppressed cell proliferation but promoted myotube formation, whereas a decreased level of bta-miR-365-3p had opposite consequences. Finally, we determined that ACVR1 is a direct target of bta-miR-365-3p. Thus, dual luciferase gene reporter assays demonstrated that bta-miR-365-3p can bind to the 3'UTR of ACVR1 to regulate its expression. Consistently, knock-down of ACVR1 was associated with reduced CDK2, CCND1 and PCNA expression but increased MYOD1 expression.
Conclusion
Collectively these data suggest that bta-miR-365-3p represses proliferation but promotes differentiation of bovine myoblasts through a mechanism involving downregulation of ACVR1.
Serious Non-Fatal Unintentional Injuries Among in-school Adolescents in Sri Lanka: Results from the 2016 Sri Lankan Global School-Based Health Survey
Authors: Wickramasinghe Sashimali , Gunawardena Nalika , Punyadasa Dhanusha , Gunawardena Shanthi , Wickramasinghe Champika , Lokubalasooriya Ayesha , Peiris Renuka , Senanayake Sameera 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Unintentional injuries among adolescents, is a major public health problem world over. A great majority of the annual deaths among adolescents are due to unintentional injuries, with this being the leading cause of death among them, throughout the world. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of injuries and their associated factors among school going adolescents of ages 13–17 using the data of the most recent Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in Sri Lanka.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,262 adolescents attending government schools, using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample was selected through a two-staged cluster sampling technique. In the first stage, 40 schools were selected from among all schools that have grades 8–12 in the country, using probability proportional to school enrollment size. Then, from the selected schools, classes were selected using systematic equal probability sampling with a random start. Weighted prevalence was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the correlates.
Results
During the 12 months before the survey, 35.8% (95% CI-30.7–41.1) of the students reported being seriously injured one or more times. The injuries were more common among males but was equally common among different age groups (13–15 age group vs 16–17 age group). The most common type of injury was cut or stab wound (5.5%), followed by broken bone/dislocated joint (5.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that only few factors were associated with injury such as male sex, being bullied and being physically attacked or being in a physical fight
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the prevalence of serious unintentional injuries among school going adolescents is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka. School-based interventions to address these issues should be designed with the goal of increasing adolescents’ awareness of possible preventive measures of unintentional injuries.
The Relationship between Core Competence, Job Stressor and Depression in Chinese Specialist Nurses
Authors: Su Dan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

To this day, the professional training for Specialist Nurse have covered 9 directions in Anhui, China. This paper aims to determine the association of socio-demographic variables, core competence,job stressor and depression in Chinese specialist nurses.
Methods

302 specialist nurses in Anhui province participated in this descriptive correlation study, all data were collected through questionnaire survey including Socio-demographic and Professional Information surveys, Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse, Chinese Nursing Stressor Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale.
Results

The total score range of core competence was 57–210(2.53 ± 0.50).The total score of job stressors was 43–123(88.05 ± 12.69). Specialist nurses had more job stressors than general clinical nurses in dimensions of professional and career issues, workload and time pressure, interpersonal relationships and management issues (P < 0.05), but they had less job stressors than norm in dimension of resource and environmental problems(P < 0.05). The range of total scores in SDS for specialist nurses was 26–95 (47.80 ± 10.59).
Conclusion

There were significant relationships between core competence, job stressor and depression. This finding highlights potential foci in their joint consideration to improve competitiveness of specialist nurses.
Implications for Practice:

The status of the core competence, job stressors and depression of Chinese specialist nurses is presented to the global clinical community. This paper provides intervention direction to increase the core competence of specialist.
Influence of malnutrition stage according to GLIM 2019 criteria and SGA method on the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer – a prospective study
Authors: Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka Karolina , Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina , Folwarski Marcin , Ruszkowski Jakub , Świerblewski Maciej , Makarewicz Wojciech 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives The primary aims of this study were the assessment of nutritional status based on Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria 2019 and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) as well as quality of life (QOL) with World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) of advanced cancer patients. The secondary aim was to investigate the impact of severity of malnutrition on QOL of these patients. Results This study included 33 advanced cancer patients from Nutritional Counselling Centre Copernicus in Gdansk and Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University in Gdansk, Poland. The majority of patients suffered from head/neck (n=12, 33.33%) and espohageal cancer (n=11, 33.33%). According to the SGA method, most of the patients were malnourished (n=14, 42.42%) and severely malnourished (n=14, 42.42%). Based on the GLIM criteria, 69.7% of patients (n=23) were severely malnourished. Among all participants, the highest impairment of QOL in self-assessment of satisfaction of health, environmental, and psychological domain was observed. The severe malnutrition significantly impairs QOL in psychological (GLIM stage 2, p=0.0033; SGA C, p=0.0310) and somatic domain (GLIM stage 2, p=0.0423). This is the first study assessing the impact of severity of malnutrition based on new GLIM criteria on QOL of advanced cancer patients.
A retrospective study: meteorological factors and COVID-19
Authors: Chen Cai , Li Xiyuan , Meng Xiangwei , Ma Zhixiang , Li Wei , Dong Leilei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: With the outbreak of novel coronavirus, the global epidemic prevention form is severe. Purpose: This paper aimed to investigate the association between meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) and the daily new cases in Wuhan. Methods: generalized linear model was built to evaluate the link between daily average temperature and the new cases COVID-19. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to investigate the association between temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and the daily new cases COVID-19. Result: The correlation coefficient for daily average temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and NCP were 0.11, -0.083 and 0.17, respectively. The maximal effect of temperature on the new cases NCP appeared on Lag0. Conclusion: The variation of temperature had an effect on the daily new cases.
Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of 148 COVID-19 cases in a secondary epidemic area
Authors: Shi Hongying , He Lingyun , Sun Weijian , Xu Jingxuan , Wang Molin , Chen Xiaodong , Zeng Hongmei , Zhang Weiteng , Sun Xiangwei , Hu Yuanbo , Ji Weiping , Xue Xiangyang , Shen Xian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide; however, the prognostic factors of COVID-19 have not been well described. Based on the prospective medical records in a secondary epidemic area, we examined the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and explored the prognostic factors of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This retrospective, multi-center cohort study included consecutive cases with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from January 22 to February 22, 2020 in Wenzhou, China. All cases were followed up to discharge, death, or up to March 16, 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and prognosis data were extracted with standardized form, and compared between severe and non-severe cases. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to explore the factors associated with ICU admission and hospital stay, respectively. Results: The epidemic curve showed that the duration of the whole epidemic in this secondary epidemic area was relatively short. Of the 148 included cases, 29 were severe cases. The median age was 52 years (range, 10–93 years), 62.2% were male, and 60.8% were overweight or obese. Fever (81.8%) and cough (61.5%) were the most common symptoms. Importantly, 25.0% had no clear contact history. The median length of hospital stay was 20 days (95%CI: 19–21), and 5.4% of patients were admitted to ICU, and one patient died. Compared with the non-severe cases, the severe patients were older, had a longer hospital stay, and had higher proportions of smoking, laboratory abnormalities, and ICU risk. Elevated alanine aminotransferase was independently associated with ICU admission; however, type of antiviral drugs had no significant association with duration of hospital stay. Older age, faster respiratory rate, smoking, and comorbidity tended to have higher risk of ICU admission and longer duration of hospital stay. Conclusions: The second-generation cases had atypical symptoms, and one quarter of cases had no clear contact history with cases, indicating the importance of strict preventive and control measures. Abnormal liver function, faster respiratory rate and smoking may be associated with worse prognosis of COVID-19; however, there was no convincing evidence for an association between antiviral therapy and length of hospital stay.
Comparison of Demographic Features of Identified PLWHAs Transmitted through Commercial and Non-marital Non-Commercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015–2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dong Zhilong , Ma Liying , Cai Chang , Gao George Fu , Lv Fan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background ： To understand the characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHAs) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) and non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for the AIDS prevention work in China. Methods: All cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were included in this study. A descriptive analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics of interest was made. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, Cochran–Armitage test, and Student t-test were applied in data analysis. Results ： Totally 523, 121 identified PLWHAs were included in this study. From 2015 to 2018. In heterosexual transmission, the composition of commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) decreased from 40.18% to 37.99%, while that of non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) increased from 46.33% to 49.02%. In the non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) group, the rates of male versus female were 1.50:1, 1.51:1, 1.54:1, 1.52:1, while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, this rate were 11.45:1, 12.08:1,12.53:1, 13.28:1. Those who infected through non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact(NMNCHC) were significantly younger compared with the people infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) (P<0.01 ), with an average age gap ranged from 5.63 to 7.46. This age difference was greater in males (age gap: 5.46~7.82) than in females (age gap: 0.27~1.62). Conclusions ： Non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) plays an increasingly crucial role in heterosexual transmission. Cases infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) and non-marital non-commercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) varied significantly in gender, age and other social demographic characteristics.
Study protocol: systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of pharmacist intervention on health related quality of life and clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure
Authors: Tirfe Mulubirhan , Beyene Alemseged , Berhane Haileselassie , Engidawork Ephrem , Teklu Tewolde 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with severe complications, hospitalization, and poor quality of life. Patients with heart failure had poor physical and emotional symptoms, functional status and worse health outcomes.Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to investigate whether pharmacist intervention is effective in improving health related quality of life (HRQoL) and clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure.Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted. Published journals in English and indexed in Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, and Google scholar will be searched from 1990 to December 2019. Data will be extracted by one author and will be approved by other two authors independently. Data will be analyzed in accordance with the Cochrane handbook. Standardized mean differences will be used as an estimate of the effect size. Quality of included studies will be assessed using the modified Downs and Black checklist. Analysis for the dichotomous outcome studies will be converted into standardized mean difference and present with 95% confidence intervals. The review is approved in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration ID CRD42020158236.Discussion: Currently there are important gaps on the effectiveness of pharmacist intervention in improving health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes. We believe this review will provide comprehensive evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacist intervention among patients with HF.
Indirect costs in patients with breast cancer: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Aboutorabi Ali , Jahangiri Reza , Soleimanpour Samira , Bagherzadeh Rafat , Gorman Julia F , Nemati ali , mohammadpour saeed 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background:The rising incidence of breast cancer places a financial burden on national health services and economies. The cost of breast cancer studies is constantly increasing; however, this cost is calculated based on the currency of the country in which the study takes place, therefore limiting national and international comparisons. On the other hand, there is no common method used to conduct such studies. The objective of this review is to contribute to this knowledge pool by examining the indirect costs of breast cancer in order to provide comparable estimates.Methods and analysis:This review will consider all relevant cost of illness studies dated from the year 2000 until the year 2018. Relevant papers will be identified through a systematic search in all major medical research databases. Two independent researchers will screen selected articles. Methodological quality of the studies will be assessed using a checklist designed by Stunhldreher et al. Discussion:The results will be presented in line with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) checklist. While the costs of breast cancer studies are helpful in planning health interventions in terms of the severity of the problem and budget priorities, the results could also be of great help to policymakers and decision makers in health systems.Study registration number: PROSPERO CRD42018108392
Therapeutic Effects and Molecular Network Mechanism of Chinese herbs for Coronavirus Disease-19
Authors: Da Jingjing , Zhang Xiangyan , Sun Fa , Zhang Kui , Zeng Xianchun , Wang Rongpin , Zhou Hourong , Wu Weidong , Zha Yan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak on December 2019.The present study was aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and the network pharmacology mechanism of Chinese herbs in COVID-19 patients.Methods: In this retrospective study, demographic, clinical signs, radiography, and laboratory of 78 patients were analysis from patients' medical records. Network pharmacology was applied to characterize the action mechanism of herbs decoction. Results: Of all patients were imported cases with familial aggregation. Survival analysis showed that the proportion of cough (χ2 =3.864, P=0.049) and fever (χ2 =5.549, P=0.018) in TCM group declined faster than control group. There was a significant radiographic lesions remission difference between groups (χ2 =7.666, P=0.006). After adjusted by baseline data, the changes of Lymphocytes, ALT and LDH were greater in TCM group (P=0.023, 0.005, 0.015, respectively). A total of 1852 ingredients in 13 herbs were obtained, among which, the ingredients-target network included 168 compounds and 189 targets, 38 GO terms and 63 pathways were found in enrichment analysis. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of Chinese herbs was amelioration of cough and fever, facilitated the absorption of inflammatory infiltrates seen in the lungs, and increased the number of lymphocytes, protection of liver function via the mechanism of inhibition of coronavirus attack organs and immune cells directly. Molecular mechanisms need to be further validate in vitro and vivo.
Research Training Program in a Turkish Medical School: Challenges, Barriers and Opportunities from the Perspectives of the Students and Faculty Members
Authors: Öcek Zeliha Asli , Bati Hilal , Sezer Ebru Demirel , Köroğlu Özge Altun , Yilmaz Özlem , Yiımaz Nilüfer Demiral , Mandıracıoğlu Aliye 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Providing medical students with opportunities for research experience is challenging for medical schools in developing countries. The Research Training Program (RTP), which is carried out in Ege University Faculty of Medicine (EUFM) parallel to the core curriculum, aims to improve the scientific competencies of the highly motivated students and to provide them with the opportunity to conduct a research. The purpose of this project is to evaluate RTP through the perspectives of students and faculty members. Methods: This phenomenological study included two groups; students of RTP and faculty members who contributed to the program. In-depth interviews were conducted with the research group whose selection was determined by maximum variation technique. Interviews with new individuals continued until data saturation was reached. The data was analysed independently by two researchers using the code list created, and then the themes and theme categories that combined the codes were determined. Results: Twenty-one RTP students and 14 faculty members were interviewed. The main motivation for students to participate was the desire to learn how to do research. The introduction course providing the students with the basic competencies needs to be improved in terms of practical activities. It was reported that during the project process students needed intensive guidance especially in finding a research topic and a mentor. The students' lack of time, deficit of enough mentoring and the fact that conducting a research does not provide a competitive advantage for residency are important obstacles to the completion of the program. The most frequently mentioned achievement of the students is to learn all the stages of the research as well as getting acquainted with critical thinking. Conclusions: This research showed that it was realistic to implement research programs for highly motivated students in medical schools with conditions like those in EUFM. The solution of mentor shortage emerged in this study is dependent on the adoption of student research as a national policy. Getting acquainted with the interrogative thinking style, conducting research and making lifelong learning a core value are more important outcomes of research programs than the number of completed projects.