bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinico - Hematological Profile of Nutritional Anaemia among Adolescent Girls in Rural Area
Authors: Joag G. G. , Karanjkar M. N. , Potdar Danesh B. , Pawar Jalinder M. 
Published: November 2020

Anaemia in adolescent girls contributes to prenatal morbidity and mortality in the future. The present study was undertaken with the aim of studying the clinical-haematological profile of anaemia in adolescent girls in the North Indian tertiary care hospital. Among 380 adolescent girls, hemoglobin concentration was less than 12 gm/dl among 172 (45.3%) girls which was classified as anemia. 91 (52.9%) girls were classified as having mild anemia (Hb- 11.0 to 11.9 gm/dl), 69 (40.1%) had moderate anemia (Hb- 8.0 to 10.9 gm/dl) and 12 (7.0%) girls had severe anemia (Hb- less than 8 gm/dl). Most common cause of anaemia was iron deficiency anaemia. Mean age of study participants was 14 years with Standard deviation of 2.73. In the present study, prevalence of anemia increases with increase in socio- economic class of study participants. Prevalence of anemia was more in underweight girls in comparison to those girls who had normal range of BMI.
Low Z‐4OHtam concentrations are associated with adverse clinical outcome among early stage premenopausal breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen
Authors: Helland Thomas , Naume Bjørn , Hustad Steinar , Bifulco Ersilia , Kvaløy Jan Terje , Sætersdal Anna Barbro , Synnestvedt Marit , Lende Tone Hoel , Gilje Bjørnar , Mjaaland Ingvil , Weyde Kjetil , Blix Egil Støre , Wiedswang Gro , Borgen Elin , Hertz Daniel Louis , Janssen Emiel Adrianus Maria , Mellgren Gunnar , Søiland Håvard 
Published: November 2020

Low steady‐state levels of active tamoxifen metabolites have been associated with inferior treatment outcomes. In this retrospective analysis of 406 estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer (BC) patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen as initial treatment, we have associated our previously reported thresholds for the two active metabolites, Z‐endoxifen and Z‐4‐hydroxy‐tamoxifen (Z‐4OHtam), with treatment outcomes in an independent cohort of BC patients. Among all patients, metabolite levels did not affect survival. However, in the premenopausal subgroup receiving tamoxifen alone (n = 191) we confirmed an inferior BC ‐specific survival in patients with the previously described serum concentration threshold of Z‐4OHtam ≤ 3.26 nm (HR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.02–5.48, P = 0.039). The ‘dose–response’ survival trend in patients categorized to ordinal concentration cut‐points of Z‐4OHtamoxifen (≤ 3.26, 3.27–8.13, > 8.13 nm) was also replicated (P‐trend log‐rank = 0.048). Z‐endoxifen was not associated with outcome. This is the first study to confirm the association between a published active tamoxifen metabolite threshold and BC outcome in an independent patient cohort. Premenopausal patients receiving 5‐year of tamoxifen alone may benefit from therapeutic drug monitoring to ensure tamoxifen effectiveness.
Patterns of Flower Complexity in Plant Communities
Authors: Keasar Tamar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoevolution between plants and their animal pollinators has selected for diverse flower shapes. Simple flower morphologies are accessible to a wide range of animal visitors, whereas only a subset of specialised pollinators are able to feed from complex flowers and pollinate them. The implications of flower shape for plant reproductive success, and the genetic mechanisms that govern shape development, are well studied in some plant species. This article aims to synthesise a smaller body of research, which deals with the distribution of flower shapes at the plant community level. Simple, dish‐shaped radially symmetrical flowers or inflorescences comprise the most common morphology in many floras. It has been suggested that simple flowers are selectively favoured when generalised pollinators (such as flies and small bees) are dominant among the local flower visitors. This was proposed to occur (i) on islands, (ii) towards the end of flowering seasons, (iii) at high elevations, (iv) in forest canopies, and (v) during late successional stages. Predictions 1–4 are supported by field surveys of different floras, while there is only weak evidence for the last prediction. The last section of the paper discusses the need for a floral complexity index that will reflect the empirically measured accessibility of flowers to different pollinator guilds. Eco‐informatic approaches are advocated for future exploration of community‐level floral complexity patterns and their relation to the community composition of flower visitors.
A meta‐analytic review of experimental tests of the interrogation technique of Hanns Joachim Scharff
Authors: Luke Timothy J. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryHanns Scharff, an interrogator during the Second World War, was known for his remarkable effectiveness at collecting intelligence from prisoners of war using a friendly, conversational approach in which he led the prisoners to unknowingly reveal the information he wanted. In the last decade, psychologists have produced a body of experimental studies testing the effectiveness of Scharff's interrogation technique. Here, I provide a meta‐analytic review of that experimental research. The existing data supports the conclusions that the present conceptualization of Scharff's technique is effective at eliciting more new information, leading people to perceive the interviewer as more knowledgeable, and inducing people to underestimate how much information they have revealed. However, numerous unanswered questions and challenges for this program of research remain. For example, future research may benefit from examining unaddressed elements of the methods Scharff used in the field. Research would also benefit from the development of measures that more clearly correspond to practical outcomes.
The effects of drawing on preschoolers' statements about experienced and non‐experienced events
Authors: Magnusson Mikaela , Ernberg Emelie , Landström Sara , Joleby Malin , Akehurst Lucy , Korkman Julia , Ask Karl 
Published: November 2020

SummaryAlthough drawing is frequently used during investigative interviews, few studies have explored the effectiveness of draw‐and‐talk techniques with very young children. In this article, we examined the effects of drawing on preschoolers' (3–6 years old) reports of self‐experienced and non‐experienced events. In Study I, we interviewed 83 preschoolers about a staged event. We did not observe any significant statement differences between children asked to draw‐and‐talk compared to a verbal‐only condition. In Study II, we interviewed 25 preschoolers about a nonexperienced event. Twenty‐one children initially denied the event. When asked if they could help the interviewer draw a person from the event, 13 (61.9%) children complied with the request and eventually provided several false details. While drawing did not significantly increase the average number of details, exploratory findings indicated that drawing may have helped a subset of children. However, drawing might impair children's accuracy when suggestively interviewed about nonexperienced events.
Solution‐Processed Ti3C2Tx MXene Antennas for Radio‐Frequency Communication
Authors: Han Meikang , Liu Yuqiao , Rakhmanov Roman , Israel Christopher , Tajin Md Abu Saleh , Friedman Gary , Volman Vladimir , Hoorfar Ahmad , Dandekar Kapil R. , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHighly integrated, flexible, and ultrathin wireless communication components are in significant demand due to the explosive growth of portable and wearable electronic devices in the fifth‐generation (5G) network era, but only conventional metals meet the requirements for emerging radio‐frequency (RF) devices so far. Here, it is reported on Ti3C2Tx MXene microstrip transmission lines with low‐energy attenuation and patch antennas with high‐power radiation at frequencies from 5.6 to 16.4 GHz. The radiation efficiency of a 5.5 µm thick MXene patch antenna manufactured by spray‐coating from aqueous solution reaches 99% at 16.4 GHz, which is about the same as that of a standard 35 µm thick copper patch antenna at about 15% of its thickness and 7% of the copper weight. MXene outperforms all other materials evaluated for patch antennas to date. Moreover, it is demonstrated that an MXene patch antenna array with integrated feeding circuits on a conformal surface has comparable performance with that of a copper antenna array at 28 GHz, which is a target frequency in practical 5G applications. The versatility of MXene antennas in wide frequency ranges coupled with the flexibility, scalability, and ease of solution processing makes MXene promising for integrated RF components in various flexible electronic devices.
Attenuation of Redox Switching and Rectification in Azulenequinones/Hydroquinones after B and N Doping: A First‐Principles Investigation
Authors: Haidar El‐Abed , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Stampfl Catherine , Hirao Kimihiko , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nakajima Takahito , Soliman Kamal A. , El‐Nahas Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe redox switching of doped 1,5‐azulenequinones/hydroquinones wired between gold electrodes is investigated using density functional theory and the nonequilibrium Green's function. Their electronic transport properties when separately doped with nitrogen and boron as well as co‐doping of these atoms are examined. The results illustrate a significant enhancement of the current at low bias voltage in some of the 12 doped studied systems, leading to “switching on” the transmission, where the greatest switching ratio is 18. These systems also exhibit a modest rectification in which the greatest rectification ratio is 4. The significance of the position of the doped atom and the functional group on the switching behavior is analyzed through the transmission spectra and molecular orbitals. The present study broadens knowledge of organic redox switching bringing in potential diverse options for future molecular electronic circuit components.
NanoMaterialsCAD: Flexible Software for the Design of Nanostructures
Authors: Nikoulis Giorgos , Grammatikopoulos Panagiotis , Steinhauer Stephan , Kioseoglou Joseph 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanoMaterialsCAD is a new open source tool dedicated to the creation, manipulation, and 3D visualization of crystalline structures at the nanoscale. It is designed for preprocessing atomistic configurations to be used as input for atomistic (e.g., molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo) or ab initio (e.g., density functional theory) computer simulations. It offers several tools for designing complex nanostructures (including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanoscrolls, etc., and combinations/permutations of them) which are either lacking or cumbersome in other existing packages. Through its intuitive graphical user interface (GUI) it enables facile ways to design and modify the size/shape and relative positions of nanoobjects while observing the changes in real time. NanoMaterialsCAD is written in C++, and exploits Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) (for the GUI), Win32API (for interaction with Windows), and Assembly (for fast data management). The source code and executable file are available for download from GitHub (https://github.com/cossphy/NanoMaterialsCAD). It is aspired that NanoMaterialsCAD will be adopted by the nanomaterials modeling community as a valuable resource; to this end it will be kept improving, incorporating more nanostructures, and adding extra functionalities to its toolbox.
ReS2/h‐BN/Graphene Heterostructure Based Multifunctional Devices: Tunneling Diodes, FETs, Logic Gates, and Memory
Authors: Mukherjee Bablu , Hayakawa Ryoma , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Nakaharai Shu , Wakayama Yutaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 2D heterostructure consisting of few‐layer direct bandgap ReS2, a thin h‐BN layer, and a monolayer graphene (Gr) for application to various electronic devices is investigated. Metal‐insulator‐semiconductor (MIS)‐type devices with 2D van‐der‐Waals (vdW) heterostructures are recently studied as important components to realize various multifunctional device applications in analogue and digital electronics. The tunnel diodes of ReS2/h‐BN/Gr exhibit light tunable rectifying behaviors with low ideality factors and nearly temperature independent electrical characteristics. The devices behave like conventional MIS‐type tunnel diodes for logic gate applications. Furthermore, similar vertical heterostructures are shown to operate in field‐effect transistors with a low threshold voltage and a memory device with a large memory gate for future multifunctional device applications.
Birth weight and body composition in 6‐to‐8 years old Maya children
Authors: Azcorra Hugo , Varela‐Silva Maria Inês , Dickinson Federico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that fetal growth, indexed by birth weight (BW), induce metabolic adjustments in the fetus that will be reflected in differences in body composition in a sample of 6‐to 8‐years old urban Maya children from Yucatan, Mexico.MethodsWe measured height (cm), weight (kg) and triceps skinfold (mm) in 260 children (boys: 132, girls: 128), and height (cm) and weight (kg) in their mothers. Body composition was estimated in children through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Outcome variables were fat free‐mass index (FFMI = fat‐free mass [kg]/height [m]2) and fat mass index (FMI = fat mass [kg]/height [m]2). The main independent variable was BW z‐scores. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association between BW z‐scores and outcome variables measured during childhood. Separate analyses were done for boys and girls. Complementary models were run using outcomes as z‐scores. Models were adjusted for location, children's and mothers' age, mother's body mass index and household overcrowding index.ResultsBW in boys was positively associated with FFMI and FMI. FFMI increase 0.34 kg/m2 per 1‐SD increase in BW and FMI increase 0.40 kg/m2 per 1‐SD increase in BW. When outcomes were used as z‐scores, FFMI increase 0.24 SD and FMI increase 0.18 SD per 1‐SD increase in BW, respectively.ConclusionOur results are in contrast with previous findings that birth weight is more consistently associated with subsequent lean mass than with fat mass. Associations, detected only in boys, may be explained by sex differences in sensitivity to early life environments.
I+/TBHP Catalysis For Tandem Oxidative Cyclization To Indolo[2,3‐b]quinolines
Authors: Uyanik Muhammet , Tanaka Hiroki , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report a chemoselective tandem oxidative cyclization/aromatization of indole derivatives tethered to aniline sulfonamides using catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium iodide in the presence of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant under nearly neutral conditions at room temperature. The corresponding indolo[2,3‐b]quinolines were obtained as sulfonate salts, which could be easily isolated in analytically pure form via only a simple filtration of the crude reaction mixture. The natural product quinindoline could be easily obtained after basic work‐up of the sulfonate salt. Control experiments revealed that both ionic and radical active species could be generated in situ under mild conditions for the corresponding oxidative transformations to proceed in a chemoselective manner.
Detection of Tripartite Genuine Entanglement by Two Bipartite Entangled States
Authors: Sun Yize , Chen Lin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere are practical motivations to construct genuine tripartite entangled states based on the collective use of two bipartite entangled states. Here, the case that the states are two‐qubit Werner states is considered. The intervals of parameters of two‐qubit Werner states are revealed such that the tripartite state is genuinely entangled. Furthermore, we also investigate the lower bound of genuine multipartite entanglement concurrence for tripartite qudit states. Several examples are given to show the effectiveness of the lower bound.
Masked Alkyne Equivalents for the Synthesis of Mechanically Interlocked Polyynes**
Authors: Gawel Przemyslaw , Woltering Steffen L. , Xiong Yaoyao , Christensen Kirsten E. , Anderson Harry L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyyne polyrotaxanes, encapsulated cyclocarbon catenanes and other fascinating mechanically interlocked carbon‐rich architectures should become accessible if masked alkyne equivalents (MAEs) can be developed that are large enough to prevent unthreading of a macrocycle, and that can be cleanly unmasked under mild conditions. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new bulky MAE based on t‐butylbicyclo[4.3.1]decatriene. This MAE was used to synthesize a polyyne [2]rotaxane and a masked‐polyyne [3]rotaxane by Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling. Glaser cyclo‐oligomerization of the [2]rotaxane gave masked cyclocarbon catenanes. The unmasking behavior of the catenanes and rotaxanes was tested by photolysis at a range of UV wavelengths. Photochemical unmasking did not proceed cleanly enough to prepare extended encapsulated polyyne polyrotaxanes. We highlight the scope and challenges involved with this approach to interlocked carbon‐rich architectures.
Superseding β‐Diketiminato Ligands: An Amido Imidazoline‐2‐Imine Ligand Stabilizes the Exhaustive Series of B=X Boranes (X=O, S, Se, Te)
Authors: Dolati Hadi , Denker Lars , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Frank René 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBoron reluctantly forms B=X (X=O, S, Se, Te) moieties, which has stimulated the quest for such species in the past few years. Based on the N,N′‐chelating β‐diketiminato ligand (HNacNac), a new amido imidazoline‐2‐imine ligand system (HAmIm) is presented, giving rise to the isolation of an exhaustive series of Lewis acid free, monomeric chalcogen B=X boranes with documented π‐bond character between boron and the chalcogen. The chalcogenoboranes are isoelectronic and isolobal to the respective ketones. The chemical behavior of the oxoborane (B=O) strongly resembles the classical carbonyl reactivity in C=O bonds. The improved stability provided by HAmIm arises from the formation of more‐stable five‐membered boron chelates versus the six‐membered NacNac analogues and from the imidazoline‐2‐imine moiety providing enhanced σ‐ and π‐donation. The HAmIm ligand class may supersede the widely employed NacNac system in certain applications.
Risk Factors of Postoperative Delirium in Older Adult Spine Surgery Patients: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Baek Wonhee , Kim Young Man , Lee Hyangkyu 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis literature review identifies factors that may place older adult patients at risk for developing delirium after spine surgery. We conducted a meta‐analysis according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines. Using a variety of electronic databases, we identified five studies for inclusion that represent 645 patients who were 65 years or older. The pooled incidence rate of postoperative delirium was 13.0%. Factors associated with developing postoperative delirium included preoperative opioid use, cervical spine surgery versus lumbar or thoracic spine surgery, spine fusion versus simple spine surgery, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, pulmonary disease, duration of surgery, and infused IV fluid volume. Nurses who provide perioperative care for older adult patients undergoing spine surgery should be aware of the potential risk factors of delirium to ensure patient safety. Further research is required to clearly delineate the risk factors for postoperative delirium in older adults.
Ethylene‐propylene diene monomer‐based polymer composite for attenuation of high energy radiations
Authors: Barala Surendra Singh , Manda Vikram , Jodha Ajay Singh , Meghwal Lala Ram , C Ajay , Gopalani Deepak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRadiation shielding composites of ethylene‐propylene diene monomer (EPDM), reinforced with tungsten (W) and barium sulphate (BaSO4) in different filler weight (wt%) were synthesized. The effects of W and BaSO4 on gamma and neutron attenuation properties of the composites were studied by experimental methods using 137Cs, 60Co and 252Cf radioactive sources. EPDM composites with W and BaSO4 fillers were also investigated for filler dispersion using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray radiograph. The experimental results revealed that the incorporation of W and BaSO4 significantly improved the radiation attenuation properties of the EPDM composites. It was observed that the attenuation properties of the composite material increases with higher concentration of the filler. The half‐value layer (HVL), tenth value layer thickness and relaxation length of the composites were found to decrease with increasing concentration of the filler. The results also showed that the attenuation behaviour of 50 wt% BaSO4 filled polymer composite is comparable to that of the composite with 25 wt% W. The developed composite with 75 wt% W filler exhibited the maximum radiation attenuation with lowest HVL thicknesses.
Synthesis of Cristobalite Containing Ordered Interstitial Mesopores using Crystallization of Silica Colloidal Crystals
Authors: Matsuno Takamichi , Nakaya Takamichi , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCristobalite with ordered interstitial dual‐sized mesopores was synthesized through the crystallization of silica colloidal crystals composed of monodispersed amorphous silica nanoparticles. An aqueous solution containing both a flux (Na2O) and a carbon precursor (an aqueous low‐molecular weight phenolic resin) was infiltrated into the interstices of silica colloidal crystals. The organic fraction in the nanocomposite was further polymerized and subsequently carbonized in an Ar flow at 750 °C to reinforce the colloidal crystal structure. The thermal treatment resulted in the crystallization of the colloidal crystals into cristobalite while retaining the porous structure. The cristobalite‐carbon nanocomposite was calcined in air to remove the carbon and create interstitial ordered mesopores in the cristobalite. The surfaces of crystalline mesoporous silica are quite different from those of various ordered mesoporous silica with amorphous frameworks; thus, the present findings will be useful for a precise understanding and control of the interfaces between the mesopores and silica networks.
Self‐Assembly of a Redox Active, Metallosupramolecular [Pd3L6]6+ Complex Using a Rotationally Flexible Ferrocene Ligand
Authors: Vasdev Roan A. S. , Findlay James A. , Turner David R. , Crowley James D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new ferrocene‐containing [Pd3(L4EFc)6]6+(X−)6 (C ⋅ BF4 and C ⋅ SbF6 where X=BF4− or SbF6−) self‐assembled double‐walled triangle has been synthesized from the known, rotationally flexible, 1,1′‐bis(4‐pyridylethynyl)ferrocene ligand (L4EFc), and characterized by 1H, 13C and diffusion ordered (DOSY) NMR spectroscopies, high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR−ESI−MS), X‐ray crystallography and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The molecular structures confirmed that double‐walled triangle cage systems (C ⋅ BF4 and C ⋅ SbF6) were generated. C ⋅ BF4 was shown to interact with the anionic guest, p‐toluenesulfonate. CV experiments revealed that the triangles were redox active, however addition of the guest did not influence the redox potentials.