bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting state brain signal complexity of young healthy adults reflects genetic risk for developing Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Kaur Yadwinder , Wilhelm Oliver , Reuter Martin , Montag Christian , Sommer Werner , Zhou Changsong , Hildebrandt Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe e4 allele of the APOE gene is strongly associated with impaired brain functionality and cognitive decline in humans at older age. It is controversial whether and how the APOE e4 allele is affecting brain activity among young healthy individuals and how such effects may contribute to individual differences in cognitive performance. Signal complexity is a critical aspect of brain activity that has been shown to be associated with brain function. In this study, we analyzed multiscale entropy (MSE) of EEG signals among young healthy adults as an indicator of brain signal complexity and investigated how MSE is predicted by APOE genotype groups. Furthermore, by means of structural equation modeling, we investigated whether MSE predicts fluid intelligence. Results indicate larger MSE in young healthy e4 carriers across all time scales. Moreover, better fluid intelligence (gf) is associated with smaller MSE at low time scales and larger MSE at higher scales. However, MSE does not account for better cognitive performance among APOE e4 carriers by mediating the APOE genotype effect on fluid intelligence. The present results shed further light on the neural mechanisms underlying gene-behavior association relevant for Alzheimer’s Disease risk.
Relationship between serum trough levels and efficacy of brodalumab from a post hoc exploratory analysis of a Japanese study in patients with plaque psoriasis
Authors: Yamaguchi Yukie , Kanai Yasumasa , Kitabayashi Hiroki , Okada Hiroki , Nakagawa Hidemi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious clinical studies have shown that efficacy and serum brodalumab levels are dose dependent in patients with psoriasis receiving the same dose of brodalumab during the study. This study aimed to investigate the association between dosage, serum levels, and efficacy of brodalumab in Japanese patients with plaque psoriasis with dosage variations during the study. This was a post hoc exploratory analysis of a 108‐week, multicenter, open‐label extension study, which changed into a post‐marketing surveillance study following brodalumab approval in Japan. Eligible patients with plaque psoriasis (n = 129) received brodalumab 140 mg every 4 weeks on Day 1; dosage change at physician’s discretion from 140 mg every 8 weeks to 210 mg every 2 weeks was permitted; patients switched to 210 mg every 2 weeks during the post‐marketing surveillance study. Exploratory endpoints included serum brodalumab levels at Weeks 28 and 108, its association with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score in patients receiving brodalumab 210 mg every 2 weeks at end of study. Median brodalumab trough levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at higher vs. lower dosages at Weeks 28 (n = 126) and 108 (n = 111) except for 140 mg every 2 weeks vs. 210 mg every 2 weeks at Week 108 and higher in patients with lower Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores—significantly different only for Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score 0 vs. >2 at Week 28 (P = 0.0153). Of 100 patients receiving 210 mg every 2 weeks at end of study, 89% had a Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score ≤2. In patients with plaque psoriasis, brodalumab efficacy may depend upon sustained serum trough levels and can be restored by using the approved dose.
Changes in delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations in cannabis over time: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Freeman Tom P. , Craft Sam , Wilson Jack , Stylianou Stephan , ElSohly Mahmoud , Di Forti Marta , Lynskey Michael T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsCannabis products with high delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations carry an increased risk of addiction and mental health disorders, while it has been suggested that cannabidiol (CBD) may moderate the effects of THC. This study aimed to systematically review and meta‐analyse changes in THC and CBD concentrations in cannabis over time (PROSPERO registration: CRD42019130055).DesignEmbase, MEDLINE® and Epub Ahead of Print, In‐Process and Other Non‐Indexed Citations and Daily, Global Health, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched from inception to 27/03/2019 for observational studies reporting changes in mean THC and/or CBD concentration in cannabis over at least three annual time points. Searches and extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. Random effects meta‐regression models estimated annual changes in THC and CBD for each product within each study; these estimates were pooled across studies in random effects models.ResultsWe identified 12 eligible studies from the USA, UK, Netherlands, France, Denmark, Italy and New Zealand. For all herbal cannabis, THC concentrations increased by 0.29% each year (95% CI: 0.11, 0.47), P < 0.001 based on 66 747 cannabis samples from eight studies, 1970–2017. For cannabis resin, THC concentrations increased by 0.57% each year (95% CI: 0.10, 1.03), P = 0.017 based on 17 371 samples from eight studies, 1975–2017. There was no evidence for changes in CBD in herbal cannabis [−0.01% (95% CI: −0.02, 0.01), P = 0.280; 49 434 samples from five studies, 1995–2017] or cannabis resin [0.03% (95% CI: −0.11, 0.18), P = 0.651; 11 382 samples from six studies, 1992–2017]. Risk of bias was low apart from non‐random sampling in most studies. There was evidence of moderate to substantial heterogeneity.ConclusionsConcentrations of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in international cannabis markets increased from 1970 to 2017 while cannabidiol (CBD) remained stable. Increases in THC were greater in cannabis resin than herbal cannabis. Rising THC in herbal cannabis was attributable to an increased market share of high‐THC sinsemilla relative to low‐THC traditional herbal cannabis.
Effects of grazing adaptation on intake, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and body weight change in dairy cows after turning out to pasture in early spring
Authors: Mitani Tomohiro , Kubota Tomoyo , Mizuguchi Hitoshi , Kushibiki Shiro , Ueda Koichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of adaptation to grazing in early spring on herbage intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, blood metabolite concentrations, and body weight change in dairy cows. The experiment was conducted on eight rumen‐cannulated non‐lactating cows in the early spring period. Four cows were adapted to grazing by stocking for 4 hr for 1 week (ADP group). The other cows were kept in a barn during the period (CON group). Then, both groups of cows were stocked together throughout a day on a 1 ha pasture for 3 weeks (experimental period). In the first week of the experimental period, compared to the CON group, the ADP group had a higher herbage intake, ruminal NH3‐N and total VFA concentration, and blood urea concentration, but the NEFA concentration was lower in the ADP group (p < .01). During the subsequent weeks, there were little differences in ruminal fermentation parameters and blood metabolites. Cows in the ADP group maintained their body weight, but cows in the CON group lost 60 kg of body weight in the first week of the experimental period.
The spectrum of splenic complications in patients with sickle cell disease in Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Ladu Adama I. , Aiyenigba Abiola O. , Adekile Adekunle , Bates Imelda 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe majority of the global population of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients resides in Africa. Individuals with this condition are at great risk of serious infections and early mortality secondary to splenic dysfunction without preventative measures. This review investigated the spectrum of splenic complications encountered in SCD among populations in Africa. We systematically searched several databases for all articles published through March 3, 2020. We included 55 studies from 14 African countries. This review reveals the difference in frequency of splenic complications in SCD in Africa when compared with their counterparts in the United State and Europe. While several studies (n = 45) described splenomegaly with a prevalence of 12% to 73% among children, and 4% to 50% among adults with HbSS, the reported prevalence for acute splenic sequestration crisis (n = 6 studies) and hypersplenism (n = 4 studies) was <10% and <5% respectively. A total of 30 surgical splenectomy was reported across eight studies. Only two (3.7%) studies provided data on spleen function. A conflicting pattern was observed amongst studies that evaluated the relationship between splenomegaly and the presence of bacterial and malaria infections. This review reveals the paucity of studies describing the role of SCD‐induced splenic dysfunction in morbidity and infection related mortality in Africa.
Standardised immunophenotypic analysis of myeloperoxidase in acute leukaemia
Authors: Bras Anne E. , Osmani Zgjim , de Haas Valerie , Jongen‐Lavrencic Mojca , te Marvelde Jeroen G. , Zwaan C. Michel , Mejstrikova Ester , Fernandez Paula , Szczepanski Tomasz , Orfao Alberto , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryGiven its myeloid‐restricted expression, myeloperoxidase (MPO) is typically used for lineage assignment (myeloid vs. lymphoid) during acute leukaemia (AL) diagnostics. In the present study, a robust flow cytometric definition for MPO positivity was established based on the standardised EuroFlow protocols, the standardised Acute Leukaemia Orientation Tube and 1734 multicentre AL cases (with confirmed assay stability). The best diagnostic performance was achieved by defining MPO positivity as ≥20% of the AL cells exceeding a lymphocyte‐based threshold. The methodology employed should be applicable to any form of standardised flow cytometry.
Implementation case study: Multifamily group intervention in first‐episode psychosis programs
Authors: Browne Julia , Sanders A. Simone , Friedman‐Yakoobian Michelle , Guyer Margaret , Keshavan Matcheri , Kim Bo , Kline Emily 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimFamily interventions are a core component of first‐episode psychosis (FEP) treatment; however, low implementation rates are consistently reported. As such, work is needed to understand the factors impacting real‐world treatment delivery. The present paper describes the implementation of the McFarlane‐model multifamily psychoeducational groups (MFG) in established FEP early intervention programs within a single state. The aims were to examine (a) training participation and implementation of MFG, (b) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (c) modifications made to MFG.MethodsPractitioners from six established FEP early intervention programs received in‐person training and ongoing consultation in MFG. Training participation data were obtained via attendance and implementation outcomes were obtained from practitioner reports. Fifteen months following the initial training, practitioners reported on clinic‐specific barriers, facilitators, and modifications across four categories (context, intervention, practitioner, and recipient).ResultsTwenty‐three practitioners across six clinics received in‐person training and were offered ongoing consultation to support implementation. Difficulties in starting MFG were salient as the earliest group was run 7 months after the initial training, thereby resulting in low overall frequency of groups. A number of barriers spanning context, intervention, practitioner, and recipient domains were noted, the majority of which were clinic‐specific. Despite challenges, practitioners identified several facilitators and made modifications to the intervention and its delivery in service of implementation.ConclusionsResults from this implementation case study highlighted the challenges of delivering MFG in real‐world FEP early intervention programs. Further, this paper emphasizes the value in identifying and addressing clinic‐specific factors when implementing MFG.
Reconciling sustainability, economic efficiency and equity in marine fisheries: Has there been progress in the last 20 years?
Authors: Cochrane Kevern L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews the progress made over the last 20 years in achieving sustainable, economically efficient and socially just marine fisheries, referred to here as reconciled fisheries. It examines the substantial changes that have occurred in policies, practices and the challenges to fisheries. These include greater awareness of the impacts of climate change, implementation of ecosystem approaches, recognition of the needs and role of small‐scale fisheries, greater demands for fish and seafood and greater pressure from other sectors. Progress has been made in some countries and fisheries in improving sustainability and economic efficiency but much less in many others. Globally, substantial problems remain in the status of stocks, threats to biodiversity, incidence of undesirable ecological impacts, economic inefficiencies, and poverty, food insecurity and marginalization of fishers and other dependents on fisheries, particularly small‐scale fishers. Effectiveness of management and governance is linked to the development status of countries, so the challenges are most marked in developing countries but developed countries are also failing, particularly in achievement of socially equitable fisheries, while also transferring some of their problems to developing countries. The paper argues that reconciled fisheries will only be attainable in conjunction with meeting human development needs as a whole, which are reflected in the 17 United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs). This requires that the global commitment to address the SDGs as being “integrated and indivisible” and in “a spirit of global solidarity” needs to be taken much more seriously than it currently appears to be.
Parental care and reproductive strategies in notothenioid fishes
Authors: La Mesa Mario , Llompart Facundo , Riginella Emilio , Eastman Joseph T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe adoption of parental care behaviours is the distinctive reproductive characteristic associated with the diversification and divergence of notothenioid fishes into an array of habitats in the subzero shelf and upper slope waters around Antarctica and sub‐Antarctic environments. These include a variety of pre‐ and post‐fertilization activities, including courtship behaviour and mate choice, linked to the development of sexually dimorphic traits, nest construction and egg guarding until hatch. Using published literature and new data, this review synthesizes and evaluates, in a phylogenetic context, information related to parental care, specifically sex‐specific morphological adaptations, nest location and structure, sexual differences in egg guarding and post‐spawning mortality, duration of egg incubation times and larval size at hatch. The existence of parental care in phylogenetically basal notothenioids is not documented and unlikely; however, the derived lineages of the Antarctic clade (cryonotothenioids), especially bathydraconids and channichthyids, clearly exhibit a trend towards larger egg size and reduced fecundity that are considered proxies for parental care behaviours. In addition, the reproductive strategies of cryonotothenioids exhibiting parental care show latitudinal patterns at intra‐ and inter‐specific levels. Antarctic species spawn in spring‐summer and have low fecundity, large egg size at spawning and large larvae at hatching. Sub‐Antarctic species spawn in autumn‐winter and have moderate to high fecundity, moderate egg size and larval size at hatching, whereas non‐Antarctic species spawn in winter and possess high fecundity, small egg size at spawning and small larvae at hatching.
Association between temperament related traits and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the serotonin and oxytocin systems in Merino sheep
Authors: Ding Luoyang , Maloney Shane K. , Wang Mengzhi , Rodger Jennifer , Chen Lianmin , Blache Dominique 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnimal temperament is defined as the consistent behavioral and physiological differences that are seen between individuals in response to the same stressor. Neurotransmitter systems, like serotonin and oxytocin in the central nervous system, underlie variation in behavioral traits in humans and other animals. Variations like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes for tryptophan 5‐hydroxylase (TPH2), the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), the serotonin receptor (HTR2A), and the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) are associated with behavioral phenotype in humans. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify SNPs in those genes and to test if those variations are associated with the temperament in Merino sheep. Using ewes from the University of Western Australia temperament flock, which has been selected on emotional reactivity for more than 20 generations, eight SNPs (rs107856757, rs107856818, rs107856856 and rs107857156 in TPH2, rs20917091 in SLC6A4, rs17196799 and rs17193181 in HTR2A, and rs17664565 in OXTR) were found to be distributed differently between calm and nervous sheep. These eight SNPs were then genotyped in 260 sheep from a flock that has never been selected on emotional reactivity, followed by the estimation of the behavioral traits of those 260 sheep using an arena test and an isolation box test. We found that several SNPs in TPH2 (rs107856757, rs107856818, rs107856856 and rs107857156) were in strong linkage disequilibrium, and all were associated with behavioral phenotype in the nonselected sheep. Similarly, rs17196799 in HTR2A was also associated with the behavioral phenotype.
Development and psychometric testing of the career success in Nursing Scale
Authors: Asghari Elnaz , Zamanzadeh Vahid , Valizadeh Leila , Ghahramanian Akram , Rassouli Maryam , Praskova Anna 
Published: November 2020

AimTo develop and test the psychometric properties of an instrument assessing career success in nurses.BackgroundDespite the importance of achieving success in nursing, to date, this construct has been measured using unidimensional or generic scales not fully reflecting career success as perceived by nurses.MethodsThis scale development study used a large sample of nurses across 10 hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. Items were generated based on existing literature and previous, research team‐led, qualitative study, followed by testing content and face validity of the items. Exploratory factor analysis (N = 530 nurses) then assessed the underlying structure of the scale, and reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha and a 2‐week test–retest correlation.FindingsFrom the initial 73 items, fourteen rated by experts as ‘not relevant’ and seven with poor face validity were deleted. Exploratory factor analysis further identified 13 poor items. The final 39‐item solution extracted four robust career success factors: expected career progress, providing quality care, effective self‐regulation, and person‐organization fit. Cronbach's alpha and test–retest correlation showed excellent reliability.ConclusionThis multidimensional nursing‐specific scale with very good psychometric properties is suitable for individual/group‐based decisions.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyThis instrument can assess current perceptions of career success in nurses, so work resources can be allocated to improve policies, services and training programmes to meet career aspirations of nurses and objectives of the organization. Having a robust scale of career success will enable future research in the field of career success as specific to nursing in a clinical setting.
May the odds be ever in your favor: The Hunger Games and the fight for a more equal society. (Negative) Media vicarious contact and collective action
Authors: Vezzali Loris , McKeown Shelley , McCauley Patrick , Stathi Sofia , Di Bernardo Gian Antonio , Cadamuro Alessia , Cozzolino Valeria , Trifiletti Elena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVarious studies have found that reading books about positive interactions between ingroup and outgroup characters, known as media vicarious contact, can reduce prejudice. Focusing on the fantasy saga of The Hunger Games, we examined the effects of negative vicarious contact on collective action across two studies. Specifically, we tested whether reading about fantasy characters living in a postapocalyptic conflictual society with large social disparities between advantaged and disadvantaged groups leads advantaged group members to display greater willingness to engage in collective action on behalf of the disadvantaged group. Results from Study 1 (correlational survey in the United Kingdom and United States) and Study 2 (experimental intervention in Italy) revealed that reading The Hunger Games is indirectly associated with greater collective action intentions via increased anger toward injustice. In both studies social dominance orientation (SDO) acted as a moderator, but in opposite directions: mediation was significant for low‐SDOs in Study 1, and for high‐SDOs in Study 2. Results are discussed in relation to the importance of media vicarious contact via book reading for social change, and to the need to identify the contextual conditions allowing to anticipate the specific moderation pattern that is more likely to emerge.
Slow demography and limited dispersal constrain the expansion of north‐eastern temperate forests under climate change
Authors: Vissault Steve , Talluto Matthew V. , Boulangeat Isabelle , Gravel Dominique 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTree species may be vulnerable to migration lags because they are sessile, long‐lived, have a small intrinsic growth rate and relatively short dispersal. Our study assesses if those ecological mechanisms will mitigate the progression of the north‐eastern American temperate forest leading edge into the boreal forest.LocationThe North‐eastern boreal‐temperate forest ecotone (from 43° to 51° North and 80° to 60° West).TaxonOur approach involved 15 forest species classified into four representative forest communities of the eastern boreal‐temperate forest.MethodsWe performed simulations on the boreal‐temperate ecotone using a state and transition model (STM), wherein forest communities are classified in four states: boreal, temperate, mixed and stands in regeneration. We propose a new modelling approach based on metapopulation theory to account for dispersal limitations and the demography of the temperate and boreal forests. We calibrated the STM model with an extensive dataset of 48,940 forest inventory plots. We projected the boreal‐temperate forest landscape over 23 General Circulation models (GCMs) from the RCP 8.5 emission scenario to study the forest communities dynamics at the landscape scale under climate change.ResultsSimulations of climate changes predict a significant increase of temperate forest dominance within the ecotone, mainly due to the conversion of mixed stands into temperate stands. The leading edge of the temperate forest will however move only 304 m in latitude (95% CI: 0.18–0.56) into the boreal forest by the end of this century. In comparison, the average expansion rate was 2,555 m/year (95% CI: 1,969–2,932) when we released the dispersal constraint and even higher with an average rate of 7,197 m/year (95% CI: 5,722–9,776) when we released the dispersal and demography constraints.Main conclusionsThe northern edge of the temperate forest distribution does not change with almost no movement toward the north for either temperate or mixed communities by the end of this century. Slow demographic and dispersal rates prevent any substantial movement in temperate forests, with much faster migration rates when these constraints are removed.