bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management-led interventions for workplace stress and mental health of academic staff in higher education: a systematic review
Authors: Ohadomere Ogechi , Ogamba Ikedinachi K. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to focus on management-led intervention strategies aimed at achieving stable mental well-being among academic staff in higher education institutions (HEIs) by reviewing and synthesising existing literature on varying intervention strategies to managing workplace stress and improving mental health.

Design/methodology/approach
Twenty-two peer-reviewed articles were identified through databases (PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Business source complete, Academic search complete) and the application of the PRISMA guideline. A quality check was carried out on the selected articles, and a data extraction table was developed to aid the discussion.

Findings
Although the awareness of mental health is a global issue, there was minimal research evidence in managing stress and mental health among academic staff in HEIs through increased university management involvement. Most HEIs were more focused on corporatisation and student satisfaction while unconsciously neglecting its impact on the well-being of academic staff even though universities’ management portray staff welfare as priority.

Research limitations/implications
There is limited information measuring the outcome of various management-led mental well-being strategies in HEIs. Further research applying more robust study design rather beyond self-reported questionnaires and similar study designs is needed in this area.

Practical implications
Establishing routine mental health assessment, effective communication, continuous promotion of existing and available support is imminent to improve the mental well-being of academic staff by HEIs management.

Originality/value
This is the first systematic review that describes and synthesises the various mental health triggers, including workplace stressors, that affect academic staff in higher education institutions (HEIs) and summarises various possible management intervention strategies.
Potential integration of blockchain technology into smart sustainable city (SSC) developments: a systematic review
Authors: Wong Phui Fung , Chia Fah Choy , Kiu Mee San , Lou Eric C.W. 
Published: December 2020

PurposePrior literature lacks concrete and systematic review of the current blockchain application in smart sustainable city that covered to the full extent of various components. Thus, this study explores the integration of blockchain technology in making the city smarter, safer and sustainable.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a systematic literature review of 49 publications published globally. Data were analysed by coding of the publications whereby the codes were generated based on frequency of appearance (n).FindingsThe results showed that smart sustainable city could leverage blockchain technology in several areas such as governance, mobility, asset, utility, healthcare and logistics. Blockchain technology could also aid smart sustainable city in achieving social, environmental and economic sustainability.Originality/valueThis study proposes a smart sustainable city with blockchain technology framework: guiding city planners and policymakers by deploying blockchain that supports technology within smart sustainable city framework. This facilitates the digital transformation of a city towards smart and sustainable through the use of blockchain.
Egg size‐mediated sex allocation and mating‐regulated reproductive investment in a haplodiploid thrips species
Authors: Katlav Alihan , Cook James M. , Riegler Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe partitioning of resources between male and female offspring is a fundamental aspect of the reproductive biology of animals. Sex allocation can be adjusted by controlling offspring sex ratio or by sex‐specific resource allocation towards individual eggs. The latter is well‐known in birds and reptiles, but less studied in other organisms, especially haplodiploids with females that can adjust offspring sex via fertilization control.Here, we investigated whether egg size can affect sex allocation in a haplodiploid thrips,Pezothrips kellyanus. First, we established that larger eggs are more likely to be fertilized and become females than smaller eggs, which remain unfertilized and become males. This size‐dependent fertilization may be regulated by anatomical constraints that allow sperm access only to larger eggs. Furthermore, across both sexes, larger eggs developed into offspring with higher fitness, suggesting that egg size is a reliable proxy for resource allocation in this species.During the early phase of reproduction, mating increased investment by females towards egg size thereby facilitating fertilization success and increased female offspring survival. However, this came with a reduced lifetime fecundity, reflecting that mating manipulates reproductive strategies in favour of increased daughter production. This may be in conflict with the optimal offspring sex ratio of females which is theoretically less female‐biased than for males.We detected both egg size‐mediated sex allocation and a mating effect on resource allocation under both laboratory and field conditions, suggesting that they are maintained by natural selection.We provide evidence for a finely tuned egg size‐dependent fertilization mechanism that mediates sex allocation strategies and is moderated by mating. Furthermore, our findings establish a new perspective about potential effects of sexual conflicts on egg size and sex allocation.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Vegetation richness, species identity and soil nutrients drive the shifts in soil bacterial communities during restoration process
Authors: Liu Meiling , Li Xinrong , Zhu Ruiqing , Chen Ning , Ding Ling , Chen Cuiyun 
Published: December 2020

SummarySoil bacteria play an essential role in functioning of ecosystems and maintaining of biogeochemical cycles. However, little is known about changes in the compositions and functional groups of soil bacterial communities during different restoration stages. The influences of aboveground vegetation and belowground soil properties on soil bacterial communities were also unclear during this process. Here we sequenced the soil bacterial communities in different stages of sand fixation. Sand fixation increased the diversity of the bacterial communities, among which the populations of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes changed significantly. The function prediction showed sand fixation increased Gram‐positive and aerobic bacteria. Bacterial structure is significantly correlated with plant richness, coverage and biomass. In particular, we found species identity was an important determinant in structuring bacterial composition. Soil properties were all significantly correlated with soil bacterial community richness and diversity. Fusobacteria was strongly positively correlated with sand, Chloroflexi with total N and Gemmatimonadetes with SOM and total C. It suggested that soil nutrients (TC, TN and SOM) have large consequences for soil bacterial community dissimilarities. These results indicated that vegetation richness, especially species identity, together with improvement in soil nutrients, play key roles in driving the shifts in soil microbial community structure and function during restoration process.
Emergency Physicians and Personal Narratives Improve the Perceived Effectiveness of COVID‐19 Public Health Recommendations on Social Media: A Randomized Experiment
Authors: Solnick Rachel E. , Chao Grace , Ross Ryan D. , Kraft‐Todd Gordon T. , Kocher Keith E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundContainment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic requires the public to change behavior under social distancing mandates. Social media are important information dissemination platforms that can augment traditional channels communicating public health recommendations. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of COVID‐19 public health messaging on Twitter when delivered by emergency physicians and containing personal narratives.MethodsOn April 30, 2020, we randomly assigned 2,007 U.S. adults to an online survey using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Participants rated one of four simulated Twitter posts varied by messenger type (emergency physician vs. federal official) and content (personal narrative vs. impersonal guidance). The main outcomes were perceived message effectiveness (35‐point scale), perceived attitude effectiveness (PAE; 15‐point scale), likelihood of sharing Tweets (7‐point scale), and writing a letter to their governor to continue COVID‐19 restrictions (write letter or none).ResultsThe physician/personal (PP) message had the strongest effect and significantly improved all main messaging outcomes except for letter writing. Unadjusted mean differences between PP and federal/impersonal (FI) were as follows: perceived messaging effectiveness (3.2 [95% CI = 2.4 to 4.0]), PAE (1.3 [95% CI = 0.8 to 1.7]), and likelihood of sharing (0.4 [95% CI = 0.15 to 0.7]). For letter writing, PP made no significant impact compared to FI (odds ratio = 1.14 [95% CI = 0.89 to 1.46]).ConclusionsEmergency physicians sharing personal narratives on Twitter are perceived to be more effective at communicating COVID‐19 health recommendations compared to federal officials sharing impersonal guidance.
“Don't gamble for money with friends”
Authors: ZUCKERMAN CHARLES H. P. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTSome anthropologists have developed “processual” approaches to classification, arguing that we should turn our attention from reified categories to processes of categorization. A focus on how gamblers in Luang Prabang, Laos, use the categories “gambling for beer” and “gambling for money” makes clear that an adequate processual approach must disentangle two kinds of typification: one generic, one specific. People in Luang Prabang are drawn to categories of gambling as tools for both painting the world abstractly (generics) and putting action under a description (specifics). Distinguishing these two kinds of typification resolves the apparent tension between “ideal types” and messy “practice,” and it redirects the study of human classification toward understanding how people mobilize categories for diverse moral ends. [moral economy, gifts, commodities, ideal types, typification, reflexivity, processualization, Luang Prabang,Laos]
Patterns and predictors of mortality and disease progression among patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Canbay Ali , Kachru Nandita , Haas Jennifer Scarlet , Sowa Jan‐Peter , Meise Dominic , Ozbay Ahmet Burak 
Published: December 2020

SummaryBackgroundFactors associated with mortality and disease progression in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are poorly understood.AimsTo assess the impact of liver disease severity, demographics and comorbidities on all‐cause mortality and liver disease progression in a large, real‐world cohort of NAFLD patients.MethodsClaims data from the German Institut für angewandte Gesundheitsforschung database between 2011 and 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Adult patients diagnosed with NAFLD and/or NASH were categorised as NAFLD, NAFLD non‐progressors, compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, liver transplant or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The longitudinal probability of mortality and incidence of progression were calculated for disease severity cohorts and multivariable analyses performed for adjusted mortality.ResultsAmong 4 580 434 patients in the database, prevalence of NAFLD was 4.7% (n = 215 655). Of those, 36.8% were non‐progressors, 0.2% compensated cirrhosis, 9.6% decompensated cirrhosis, 0.0005% liver transplant and 0.2% HCC. Comorbidity rates were significantly higher in compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis and HCC compared with non‐progressors. The longitudinal probability of mortality for non‐progressors, compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis and HCC was 3.6%, 18.7%, 28.8% and 68%, respectively. Independent predictors of mortality included cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and renal impairment. The cumulative incidence of progression in NAFLD and compensated cirrhosis patients was 10.7% and 16.7%, respectively, over 5 years of follow‐up.ConclusionNAFLD patients were severely under‐diagnosed and had a high probability of mortality that increased with disease progression. Early identification and effective management to halt or reverse fibrosis are essential to prevent progression.
Questionnaire‐based vs universal PCR testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 in women admitted for delivery
Authors: Mei‐Dan Elad , Satkunaratnam Abheha , Cahan Tal , Leung Marian , Katz Kevin , Aviram Amir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has been suggested that women admitted for delivery should have universal PCR testing for SARS‐CoV‐2. Yet, the considerable difference in the incidence of COVID‐19 between different geographic regions may affect screening strategies. Therefore, we aimed to compare questionnaire‐based testing versus universal PCR testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 in women admitted for delivery.MethodsA prospective cohort study of women admitted for delivery at a single center during a four‐week period (April 22‐May 25, 2020). All women completed a questionnaire about COVID‐19 signs, symptoms, or risk factors, and a nasopharyngeal swab for PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2. Women who were flagged as suspected COVID‐19 by the questionnaire (questionnaire‐positive) were compared with women who were not flagged by the questionnaire (questionnaire‐negative).ResultsOverall, 446 women were eligible for analysis, of which 54 (12.1%) were questionnaire‐positive. PCR swab detected SARS‐CoV‐2 in four (0.9%) women: 3 of 392 (0.8%) in the questionnaire‐negative group, and 1 of 54 (1.9%) in the questionnaire‐positive group (P = .43), yielding a number needed to screen of 92 (95% CI 62‐177). In 96% of the cases, the PCR results were obtained only in the postpartum period. No positive PCR results were obtained from neonatal testing for SARS‐CoV‐2. The sensitivity of the questionnaire was 75.0%, and the negative predictive value was 99.7%.ConclusionsAlthough the rate of positive PCR results was not significantly different between the groups, the number needed to screen is considerably high. The use of questionnaire‐based PCR testing in areas with low incidence of COVID‐19 allows for a reasonable allocation of resources and is easy to implement.
Characteristics of interpersonal conflicts preceding youth suicide: analysis of data from the 2017 National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Orlins Erin , DeBois Kristen , Chatfield Sheryl L. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundDeaths by suicide among US adolescents aged 10 to 19 increased by more than 85% between 2007 and 2017. Interpersonal conflicts with peers or family members, in combination with biological, psychological, and cognitive attributes of adolescents, are among risk factors. More insight about contextual factors, including timing of conflicts relative to suicide, would be useful for professionals and programmers.MethodWe used data from the 2017 National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) reflecting most cases in 37 US states to explore contextual circumstances in adolescent death by suicide preceded by interpersonal conflicts. We calculated descriptive statistics and conducted content analysis of narratives to identify attributes of 197 cases.ResultsMost deaths by suicide (n = 155) occurred within 24 hr of the conflict; most conflicts involved the adolescent and family members (n = 138). When subject matter was described, most conflicts (n = 27) focused on concerns with an adolescent’s behavior. Nearly a quarter of cases (n = 49) involved technology, including technology restrictions as punishment, as either a primary or additional aspect of the conflict.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for prior research suggesting links between technology and mental health concerns, including suicidality, among adolescents. While previous works have identified both positive and negative aspects of the use of technology by adolescents, our findings suggest that restriction of technology as a punishment may be an additional contextual factor of interest in a proportion of youth suicides preceded by an argument. Given ongoing regular use of technology, practitioners should address these potential risk factors regardless of risk status.
Establishment and implementation of Cancer Genomic Medicine in Japan
Authors: Mukai Yosuke , Ueno Hideki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractApproximately 1 in 2 Japanese people are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Cancer still remains the leading cause of death in Japan, therefore the government of Japan has decided to develop a better cancer control policy and launched the Cancer Genomic Medicine (CGM) program. The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare (MHLW) held a consortium at their headquarters with leading academic authorities and the representatives of related organizations to discuss ways to advance CGM in Japan. Based on the report of the consortium, the CGM system under the national health insurance system has gradually been realized. Eleven hospitals were designated in February 2018 as core hospitals for CGM; subsequently, the MHLW built the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C‐CAT) as an institution to aggregate and manage genomic and clinical information on cancer patients, and support appropriate secondary use of the aggregated information to develop research aimed at medical innovation. As the first step in Japan's CGM in routine practice, in June 2019 the MHLW started reimbursement of 2 types of tumor profiling tests for advanced solid cancer patients using the national insurance system. Japan's CGM has swiftly been spreading nationwide with the collaboration of 167 hospitals and patients. The health and research authorities are expected to embody personalized cancer medicine and promote CGM utilizing state‐of‐the‐art technologies.
Hybrid closed‐loop therapy: Where are we in 2021?
Authors: Leelarathna Lalantha , Choudhary Pratik , Wilmot Emma G. , Lumb Alistair , Street Tim , Kar Partha , Ng Sze M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHybrid closed‐loop systems are characterized by the coexistence of algorithm‐driven automated insulin delivery combined with manual mealtime boluses. Used correctly, these insulin delivery systems offer better glucose control and reduced risk of hypoglycaemia and represent the most advanced form of insulin delivery available for people with type 1 diabetes. The aim of this paper was to compare the currently available commercial hybrid closed‐loop systems in the UK: the Medtronic 670G/780G, Tandem t:slim X2 Control IQ and CamAPS FX systems. The Medtronic 670G/780G systems use Guardian 3 sensor (7‐day use, two to four calibrations per day), while Tandem and CamAPS systems use the calibration‐free Dexcom G6 sensor (10 days). The CamAPS system is available as an android app, whereas the other two systems have the algorithm embedded in the insulin pump. During pivotal studies, depending on the study population and baseline glycated haemoglobin level, these systems achieve a time spent in the target range 3.9 to 10 mmol/L (70 to 180 mg/dL) of 65% to 76% with low burden of hypoglycaemia. All three systems allow a higher glucose target for announced exercise, while the Tandem system offers an additional night‐time tighter target. The CamAPS system offers fully customizable glucose targets and is the only system licensed for use during pregnancy. Additional education is required for both users and healthcare professionals to harness the best performance from these systems as well as to troubleshoot when “automode exits” occur. We provide consensus recommendations to develop pragmatic pathways to guide patients, clinicians and commissioners in making informed decisions on the appropriate use of the diabetes technology.
Protonation status and control mechanism of flavin–oxygen intermediates in the reaction of bacterial luciferase
Authors: Tinikul Ruchanok , Lawan Narin , Akeratchatapan Nattanon , Pimviriyakul Panu , Chinantuya Wachirawit , Suadee Chutintorn , Sucharitakul Jeerus , Chenprakhon Pirom , Ballou David P. , Entsch Barrie , Chaiyen Pimchai 
Published: December 2020

Bacterial luciferase catalyzes a bioluminescent reaction by oxidizing long‐chain aldehydes to acids using reduced FMN and oxygen as co‐substrates. Although a flavin C4a‐peroxide anion is postulated to be the intermediate reacting with aldehyde prior to light liberation, no clear identification of the protonation status of this intermediate has been reported. Here, transient kinetics, pH variation, and site‐directed mutagenesis were employed to probe the protonation state of the flavin C4a‐hydroperoxide in bacterial luciferase. The first observed intermediate, with a λmax of 385 nm, transformed to an intermediate with a λmax of 375 nm. Spectra of the first observed intermediate were pH‐dependent, with a λmax of 385 nm at pH < 8.5 and 375 at pH > 9, correlating with a pKa of 7.7–8.1. These data are consistent with the first observed flavin C4a intermediate at pH < 8.5 being the protonated flavin C4a‐hydroperoxide, which loses a proton to become an active flavin C4a‐peroxide. Stopped‐flow studies of His44Ala, His44Asp, and His44Asn variants showed only a single intermediate with a λmax of 385 nm at all pH values, and none of these variants generate light. These data indicate that His44 variants only form a flavin C4a‐hydroperoxide, but not an active flavin C4a‐peroxide, indicating an essential role for His44 in deprotonating the flavin C4a‐hydroperoxide and initiating chemical catalysis. We also investigated the function of the adjacent His45; stopped‐flow data and molecular dynamics simulations identify the role of this residue in binding reduced FMN.
Socio‐ecological drivers of vertebrate biodiversity and human‐animal interfaces across an urban landscape
Authors: Hassell James M. , Bettridge Judy M. , Ward Melissa J. , Ogendo Allan , Imboma Titus , Muloi Dishon , Fava Francesco , Robinson Timothy P. , Begon Michael , Fèvre Eric M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUrbanization can have profound impacts on the distributional ecology of wildlife and livestock, with implications for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services and human health. A wealth of studies have assessed biotic responses to urbanization in North America and Europe, but there is little empirical evidence that directly links human activities to urban biodiversity in the tropics. Results from a large‐scale field study conducted in Nairobi, Kenya, are used to explore the impact of human activities on the biodiversity of wildlife and livestock with which humans co‐exist across the city. The structure of sympatric wildlife, livestock and human populations are characterized using unsupervised machine learning, and statistical modelling is used to relate compositional variation in these communities to socio‐ecological drivers occurring across the city. By characterizing landscape‐scale drivers acting on these interfaces, we demonstrate that socioeconomics, elevation and subsequent changes in habitat have measurable impacts upon the diversity, density and species assemblage of wildlife, livestock and humans. Restructuring of wildlife and livestock assemblages (both in terms of species diversity and composition) has important implications for the emergence of novel diseases at urban interfaces, and we therefore use our results to generate a set of testable hypotheses that explore the influence of urban change on microbial communities. These results provide novel insight into the impact of urbanization on biodiversity in the tropics. An understanding of associations between urban processes and the structure of human and animal populations is required to link urban development to conservation efforts and risks posed by disease emergence to human health, ultimately informing sustainable urban development policy.