bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fluctuation of Regulatory T Cells during Pregnancy and Obstetrical Complications
Authors: Zhao Yuan-Yuan , Li Ning , Bao Hongchu , Sung Nayoung , Zhang Xiaolu , Chen Linjing , Chen Lei , Ma Ding , Zhu Ping , Wang Wenjuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical immunomodulators during pregnancy by preventing maternal T-cell activation against fetal cells. However, how characteristics of maternal Tregs vary during pregnancy is still unclear. We analyzed the proportion and phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood Tregs in normal pregnant women, women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and non-pregnant women.Methods: We investigated the proportion of CD4+ Tregs, CD8+ Tregs and the expression of PD-1, GITR, HLA-G and CTLA-4 on them in the peripheral blood of normal pregnancies during 1st (n = 28), 2nd (n = 43), and 3rd trimester (n = 33); In addition, we evaluated pregnancies in the 1st trimester complicated by RPL (n = 21), in the 2nd (n = 17) and 3rd trimester (n = 28) complicated by GDM. Non-pregnant women (n = 57) were also investigated using flow cytometry.Results: During normal pregnancy, the proportion of CD4+ Tregs in all trimester and CD8+ Tregs in 2nd and 3rd trimester were higher(P ＜ 0.05，respectively) compared with non-pregnancy women. Moreover, the proportion of CD4+ Tregs was higher in 2nd trimester compared to 1st and 3rd trimester (P ＜ 0.01) while the proportion of CD8+ Tregs was higher in 3rd trimester compared to 1st and 2nd trimester (P ＜ 0.05). Compared to non-pregnant studies, the proportion of GITR+/CD8+ Tregs and HLA-G+/CD8+ Tregs in all trimester were higher(P ＜ 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the proportion of PD-1+/CD4+ Tregs, GITR+/CD4+ Tregs, PD-1+/CD8+ Tregs and CTLA-4+/CD8+ Tregs in 3rd trimester were significantly higher compared to 1st, 2nd trimester and non-pregnant group(P ＜ 0.05, respectively).In RPL and GDM groups, the proportions of CD4+ Tregs in all trimesters were decreased while the proportions of CD8+ Tregs in all trimesters were increased compared to normal pregnant group (P ＜ 0.05，respectively).In RPL group, the proportion of PD-1+/CD4+ Tregs, GITR+/CD4+ Tregs and HLA-G+/CD4+ Tregs were decreased compared to 1st trimester normal pregnant group (P ＜ 0.05，respectively). In 2nd trimester GDM group, the proportion of HLA-G+/CD4+ Tregs were decreased compared to 2nd trimester normal pregnant group (P ＜ 0.05，respectively). In 3rd trimester GDM group, the proportion of PD-1+/CD4+ Tregs, GITR+/CD4+ Tregs, PD-1+/CD8+ Tregs, GITR+/CD8+ Tregs and HLA-G+/CD8+Tregs were decreased compared to 3rd trimester normal pregnant group (P ＜ 0.05, respectively).Conclusions: The proportion of CD4+ Tregs and CD8+ Tregs increased during pregnancy, the proportions and subsets of CD4+ Tregs decreased and those of CD8+ Tregs increased in pregnancies complicated by RPL and GDM, indicating that regulatory T cells play a role in pregnancy maintenance, and the abnormal expression of Tregs might be related to the complicated pregnancy.
Combined lateral peripatellar and posteromedial approaches for Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fractures involving posteromedial plane: A prospective study.
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yin Bo , Zhao Jianmin , Li Yihan , Yin Peng , Guo Tao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective The objective of this study to evaluate prospectively the effectiveness of Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fractures involving posteromedial plane managed by combined lateral peripatellar and posteromedial approaches Materials and methods We analyzed 18 patients with Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fractures involving posteromedial plane. There were 12 males and 6 females with an average of 38.5 years (range, 25-60 years). The mechanism of injury included traffic accident in 15 patients and falling in 3 patients. The injured lower limbs were right in 11 patients and left in 7 patients. The mean time from injury to surgery was 6.78 days (range, 5-9 days). There were 8 patients with meniscus injuries in our study. ResultsThe mean operation time was 3.41 hours (range, 3-4 hours). The mean blood loss was 352.78 ml (range, 300-410 ml). All the injured meniscuses were repaired. All patients were followed up, and the average time of follow up was 16.61 months (range, 14-22 months). Bone union was achieved at a mean of 12 weeks (range, 10-14 weeks). The mean degree of knee extension was 1.11° (range, 0-5°), and the mean degree of knee flexion was 120.56°(range, 110-130°). The mean points of KSS were 83 (range, 74-89 points). According to the criteria of KSS, 14 patients had clinical outcomes rated as excellent and 4 patients were rated as good. Conclusion Our results suggested that Combined lateral peripatellar and posteromedial approaches in the treatment of Schatzker type IV tibial plateau fractures involving posteromedial plane acquired satisfying outcomes. It was good for repairing the injured meniscus through our approaches.
First report of Lihan Tick virus (Phlebovirus, Phenuiviridae) in ticks, Colombia
Authors: Lopez Yesica , Miranda Jorge , Mattar Salim , Gonzalez Marco , Rovnak Joel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Tick-borne Phleboviruses (TBPVs) comprise human and animal viruses that can cause a variety of clinical syndromes ranging from self-limiting febrile illness to fatal haemorrhagic fevers.Objective: Detect Phlebovirus in ticks collected from domestic animals in Córdoba, Colombia.Methods: We collected 2,365 ticks from domestic animals in three municipalities of the Department of Cordoba, Colombia in 2016. Ticks were identified and pooled by species for RNA extraction. A nested real-time PCR with specific primers for Phlebovirus and a probe for Heartland virus (HRTV) were performed. Also, a conventional nested PCR, with the same specific primers was used to detect other Phleboviruses, with positive reactions indicated by an amplified cDNA fragment of approximately 244 bp determined by gel electrophoresis. These bands were gel-purified and sequenced by the Sanger method.Results: Using real-time RT-PCR, no positive results for HRTV were found. However, using conventional nested PCR 2.2% (5/229 pools) yielded a product of 244 bp. One positive sample was detected in a pool of Dermacentor nitens ticks collected from a horse, and the four remaining positive pools were from Rhipicephalus microplus collected from cattle. The five positive nucleotide sequences were identical to each other, with identities of 93% to 96% compared to a section of the L-segment of Lihan Tick virus, a Phlebovirus originally detected in R. microplus ticks in China. The strongest identity (96%-99%) was with Lihan Tick virus detected in R. microplus ticks from Brazil.Conclusions: This is the first report of viral detection in ticks in Colombia. We detected a Colombian strain of Lihan Tick virus. We recommend investigating possible disease associations with this tick-borne virus in Colombia.
Arginine deimimase expressed in vivo activates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through inhibiting cytosolic ferritin and inducing chromotin autophagy
Authors: Feng Qingyuan , Bian Xuzhao , Liu Xuan , Wang Ying , Zhou Huiting , Ma Xiaojing , Quan Chunju , Yao Yi , Zheng Zhongliang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BackgroundBased on its low toxicity, arginine starvation therapy has the potential to treat those malignant tumors that can’t be treated by surgery. Arginine deiminase (ADI) gene is indicated to be an idea cancer-suppressor gene. ADI expressed in vivo displays higher oncolytic efficiency than ADI-PEG20 (Pegylated Arginine Deiminase by PEG 20,000)[1]. However, it is still unknown whether cytosolic ADI has the same function mechanism as ADI-PEG20 or other underlying mechanisms in cells.MethodsThe interaction of ADI and other protein factors was screened by yeast hybrid, and verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining. The effect of ADI inhibiting ferritin light-chain domain (FTL) on mitochondria damage was evaluated by site-directed mutation and flow cytometry. The apoptosis pathway of mitochondria control was analyzed by Western Blot and real-time PCR. The effect of p53 expression on cancer cell death was assessed by siTP53 transfection. The chromatin autophagy was explored by immunofluorescent staining and Western Blot.ResultsADI expressed in vivo inhibited the activity of cytosolic ferritin through interacting with FTL. The inactive mutant of ADI still aroused the apoptosis of some cells through mitochondria damage. Arginine starvation also induced the expression increase of p53 and p53AIP1, which aggravate cellular mitochondria damage. Chromatin autophagy appeared at the later stage of arginine starvation. DNA damage came along with the whole process of arginine starvation. Histone 3 (H3) was found in autophagosomes, which implied that cancer cells try to utilize the arginine in histones to survive during arginine starvation.Conclusions: Mitochondria damage is the major mechanism for ADI expressed in vivo to induce cancer cell death. Chromatophagy accumulations not only drive cancer cell to utilize histone arginine but also speed up cancer cell death at the later time point of arginine starvation.
Distinct clinical and prognostic implication of IDH1/2 mutation and other most frequent mutations in large duct and small duct subtypes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ma Bingqi , Meng Huijuan , Tian Ye , Wang Yingying , Song Tianqiang , Zhang Ti , Wu Qiang , Cui Yunlong , Li Huikai , Zhang Wei , Li Qiang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background and Objective: IDH1/2, BAP1, ARID1A and PBRM1 have been reported as the most frequent mutant genes in ICCs, and their relationships with clinicopathological features and prognosis were researched in this study.Methods: We collected clinical data of 130 ICC patients from January 2012 to December 2017. The IDH1/2 mutation and loss of BAP1, ARID1A and PBRM1 expressions were detected by DNA sequencing or IHC methods, and histological subtype of ICCs was determined by HE, Alcian blue and S100P staining.Results: IDH1/2 mutation was related to decreased TBIL (P=0.039), ferritin (P=0.000) and higher histological differentiation (P=0.024), and was associated with prolonged DFS (P=0.009) and a trend toward increased OS (P=0.126) in small duct type of ICCs. IHC result of MsMab-1 was generally consistent with DNA sequencing for IDH1/2 mutant in ICCs (κ= 0.691). Only BAP1 expression loss was correlated to prolonged DFS (P=0.031) and OS (P=0.041) in large duct type of ICCs.Conclusions: IDH1/2 mutation may be a favorable predictor and be related to iron metabolism in small duct type of ICCs. Furthermore, we suggest that the detection of IDH1/2 mutation is indispensable to determine targeted therapy in small duct of ICCs, while it is not necessary in large duct of ICCs. MsMab-1 was a relatively effective multi-specific antibody against IDH1/2 mutant in ICCs. BAP1 expression loss was related to an improved prognosis in large duct type of ICCs.
The Invasion Depth Measurement of Bladder Cancer based on MRI
Authors: liu yang , Zheng Haojie , Xu Xiaopan , Zhang Xi , Du Peng , Liang Jimin , Lu Hongbing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Invasion depth is an important index for staging and clinical treatment strategy of bladder cancer (BCa). The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of segmenting the BCa region from bladder wall region on MRI, and quantitatively measuring the invasion depth of the tumor mass in bladder lumen for further clinical decision-making. This retrospective study involved 20 eligible patients with postoperatively pathologically-confirmed BCa. It was conducted in the following steps: (1) a total of 1159 features were extracted from each voxel of both the certain cancerous and wall tissues with the T2-weighted (T2W) MRI data; (2) the support vector machine (SVM)-based recursive feature elimination (RFE) method was implemented to first select an optimal feature subset, and then develop the classification model for the precise separation of the cancerous regions; (3) after excluding the cancerous region from the bladder wall, the three-dimensional bladder wall thickness (BWT) was calculated using Laplacian method, and the invasion depth of BCa was eventually defined by the subtraction of the minimum BWT of the cancerous region and the mean BWT other than the cancerous region. Results: The segmented results showed a promising accuracy, with the mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.921. The “soft boundary” defined by the voxels with the probabilities between 0.1 and 0.9 could demonstrate the overlapped region of cancerous and wall tissues. The invasion depth calculated from proposed segmentation method was compared with that from manual segmentation, with a mean difference of 0.277 mm. Conclusion: The proposed strategy could accurately segment the BCa region, and, as the first attempt, realize the quantitative measurement of BCa invasion depth.
Rolling Press Enables Electrospun Fibers Based Binder-Free Electrodes with High Stability for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yun , Kang Yuqiong , Deng Changjian , Liu Xinyi , Liang Zheng , Li Tao , Hu Quan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
With the demand for higher energy density and smaller size lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the development of high specific capacity active materials and the reduction of the usage of inactive materials are the main directions. Herein, a universal method is developed for binder-free electrodes for excellent stable LIBs by rolling the electrospun membrane directly onto the commercial current collector. The rolling process only makes the fiber web denser without changing the fiber structure, and the fiber web still maintains a porous structure. This strategy significantly improves the structural stability of the membrane compared to the direct carbonized electrospun membrane. Moreover, this method is suitable for a variety of polymerizable adhesive polymers, and each polymer can be composited with different polymers, inorganic salts, etc. The electrode prepared by this method can be stably cycled for more than 2000 cycles at a current density of 2500 mA g-1. This study provides a cost-effective and versatile strategy to design the LIB electrode with high energy density and stability for experimental research and practical application.
Biomechanical comparison of tenodesis reconstruction for subtalar instability: a finite element analysis
Authors: Xu Can , Li Mingqing , Wang Chenggong , Liu Hua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: There are several types of tenodesis reconstruction designed for subtalar instability. However, no comprehensive comparison has been conducted among these procedures in terms of their correcting power so far. The objective of this study is to evaluate the biomechanical behaviors of 5 representative procedures through finite element analysis.Methods: A finite element model was established and validated based on one of our previous studies. The Pisani interosseous talocalcaneal ligament(ITCL) reconstruction, Schon cervical ligament(CL) reconstruction and Choisne calcaneofibular ligament(CFL)reconstruction were compared on a model with the CFL, ITCL and CL sectioned. The Schon triligamentous reconstruction and Mann triligamentous reconstruction were compared on a model with the CFL, ITCL and CL, as well as the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) sectioned. The inversion and external/internal rotation were quantified in different ankle positions with rotational moment.Results: For single ligament reconstruction, the Choisne CFL reconstruction provided the greatest degree of correction for subtalar instability, followed by the Schon CL reconstruction and then the Pisani ITCL reconstruction. For triligamentous reconstruction, the Mann procedure outperformed the Schon procedure in alleviating the subtalar instability.Conclusion: The finite element analysis showed that the Choisne CFL reconstruction and Mann triligamentous reconstruction provided the greatest degree of immediate postoperative subtalar stability. However, both procedures could not restore the biomechanical behaviors of the subtalar joint to normal. The long-term efficacy of these procedures warrants further investigation using a substantially larger sample of clinical cases.
Informal support for people with Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias in rural Uganda: A qualitative study
Authors: Nankinga Pia Ngoma , Maling Samuel , Chemali Zeina , Wakida Edith , Obua Celestino , Okello Elialilia S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The generation of people getting older has become a public health concern worldwide. People aged 65 and above are the most at risk for Alzheimer’s disease which is associated with physical and behavioral changes. This nurtures informal support needs for people living with dementia where their families together with other community members are the core providers of day to day care for them in the rural setting. Despite global concern around this issue, information is still lacking on informal support delivered to these people with dementia. Objective Our study aimed at establishing the nature of informal support provided for people with dementia (PWDs) and its perceived usefulness in rural communities in South Western Uganda. Methods This was a qualitative study that adopted a descriptive design and conducted among 22 caregivers and 8 opinion leaders in rural communities of Kabale, Mbarara and Ibanda districts in South Western Uganda. The study included dementia caregivers who had been in that role for a period of at least six months and opinion leaders in the community. We excluded trained health workers. Results The study highlights important forms of informal support offered to PWDs such as support in activities of daily living, enabling access to medical attention, recovering misplaced items, provision of herbal remedy, informal counseling, and sourcing carers from other families to offer presence and support in the hope to impact positively on behavioral outbursts and the frustration of living with dementia. Conclusion The study revealed various forms of informal support that are available for PWDs in South Western Uganda and stressed the role of caregivers and the perceived usefulness of the care provided.
Youth unemployment and Mental Health: Prevalence and determinant factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mokona Hirbaye , Yohannes Kalkidan , Ayano Getinet 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The high rate of unemployment among young adults (aged 18 to 30 years) is a public health concern. The risk of mental health problems like depression is higher among the unemployed than among the employed. However, little is known about the prevalence and determinants of depression among unemployed young adults in Ethiopia. Hence, this study is aimed to assess the prevalence and determinant factors of depression among unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: Community based cross sectional study design was conducted among 1419 unemployed young adults in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia from May to July, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data on socio-demographic characteristics of unemployed young adults was collected by using structured questionnaire and presence of depression was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data was coded and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with depression, and variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with their 95% confidence interval. Result: The overall prevalence of depression among unemployed young adults in the present study was 30.9% (95% CI: 28.4%, 33.1%). Of the total study participants with depression, 249(17.5%) had mild depression, 158(11.1%) had moderate depression, and 32(2.3%) had severe depression. Being male (AOR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.10, 1.80), long duration of unemployment (≥1years) (AOR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.21, 1.99), low self-esteem (AOR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.68), poor social support (AOR=1.98, 95%CI: 1.34, 2.93), and current alcohol use (AOR=1.86, 95%CI: 1.33, 2.59) were significantly associated with depression among unemployed young adults. Conclusion : Our study revealed a high prevalence of depression among unemployed young adults, with three out of ten unemployed young adults having significant depression. Being male, long duration of unemployment, low self-esteem, poor social support, and current alcohol use were statistically significant with depression. Therefore, our study suggest that Policy makers, program planners, and other concerned bodies should establish appropriate strategy for prevention, early detection and management of depression among unemployed young adults.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis: a qualitative study identifying unmet patient needs and care gaps
Authors: Cappelli Laura , Grieb Suzanne M. , Shah Ami A. , Bingham Clifton O. , Orbai Ana-Maria 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesPatients treated for cancer with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may develop autoimmune adverse events, including ICI-induced inflammatory arthritis (IA). ICI-induced IA treatment requires balancing immune activation to fight cancer and immune modulation to control autoimmunity. Our objective was to learn how patients experience ICI-induced IA and potentially conflicting treatment decisions. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants with rheumatologist-diagnosed ICI-induced IA recruited from a longitudinal cohort. The interview guide probed the experience of diagnosis and treatment, symptoms and impact of ICI-induced IA, coping mechanisms, and treatment decision-making. Two researchers used an iterative coding process to identify themes through inductive thematic analysis and consensus. An overarching conceptual framework was derived from the qualitative analysis to identify care gaps perceived by patients, and inform future research. Results Fourteen patients with ICI-induced IA participated in semi-structured interviews. Five overarching themes were identified: an awareness gap leading to delay in diagnosis of IA, descriptors of ICI-induced IA and relationship to other adverse events, emotional and quality-of-life impact of IA, fear and decision-making, and contextual factors including social support. Conclusions As reported by patients, ICI-induced IA had a significant functional and emotional impact, even as compared to cancer and other ICI-induced side effects. Increasing awareness and integrated care of ICI-induced IA, and increasing social support are key targets for improving patient care. Additionally, more data on cancer outcomes in patients requiring immunomodulation for ICI-induced IA would help address fear and uncertainty for patients, and better support them through therapeutic decisions.