bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A speed-optimized, low-noise APD with 0.18 μm CMOS technology for the VLC applications
Authors: Wang Wei , Zeng Hong-An , Wang Fang , Wang Guanyu , Xie Yingtao , Feng Shijuan 
Published: July 2020

A new avalanche photodiode device applied to a visible light communication (VLC) system is designed using a standard 0.18 [Formula: see text]m complementary metal oxide semiconductor process. Compared to regular CMOS APD devices, the proposed device adds a [Formula: see text]-well layer above the deep [Formula: see text]-well/[Formula: see text]-substrate structure, and an [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] layer is deposited upon it. The [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] layer acts as an avalanche breakdown layer of the device, and an STI structure is used to prevent the edge break prematurely. The simulation results shows that the avalanche breakdown voltage is as low as 9.9 V, dark current is below [Formula: see text] A under −9.5 V bias voltage, and the 3 dB bandwidth is of 5.9 GHz. It is due to the use of the 0.18 [Formula: see text]m CMOS process-specific STI protection ring and short-circuits the connection of the deep [Formula: see text]-well/[Formula: see text]-substrate, and the dark current is reduced to be lower than two orders of magnitude compared to regular CMOS APD. Gain and noise characteristics are accurately calculated from Hayat dead-space model applied to this CMOS APD. So, this device’s gain and excess noise factor are 20 and 2.5, respectively.
In vivo assessment of structural changes of the urethra in lower urinary tract disease using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography
Authors: Kiseleva Elena B. , Moiseev Alexander A. , Kuyarov Anton S. , Molvi Muhammat A. , Gelikonov Grigory V. , Maslennikova Anna V. , Streltsova Olga S. 
Published: July 2020

The paper presents the results of a study of the female urethra in cases of urethral pain syndrome (UPS) and inflammatory diseases of the lower urinary tract using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT). Urethral wall structure was studied in 86 patients; 233 CP OCT images were collected. A comparative qualitative analysis of three groups of CP OCT images — “norm”, “Inflammation” and “UPS” — identified that despite the absence of a clear inflammatory factor in the patient’s examination, the urethral tissues in UPS were in an altered state. The changes in the urethral wall with UPS and in cases of inflammation were similar. Using a point scale, three experts independently performed visual scoring of the CP OCT images. Three parameters: epithelial contrast, cavities and the minimum signal depth in the co-channel were evaluated. It was found that, individually, the parameters correlate only weakly with the diagnosis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was from 0.51 to 0.78. The joint use of a number of visual signs has a greater diagnostic value than the use of the criteria individually. Area under the ROC curve using the developed cumulative criterion reached up to 0.87–0.89. This study could form the basis of a scoring system for assessing the state of the urethral tract using CP OCT images in real time. The CP OCT method provides information on the state of urethral tissues that cannot be obtained with traditional cystoscopy.
Resource Utilization in the First 2 Years Following Operative Correction for Tetralogy of Fallot: Study Using Data From the Optum's De‐Identified Clinformatics Data Mart Insurance Claims Database
Authors: O'Byrne Michael L. , DeCost Grace , Katcoff Hannah , Savla Jill J. , Chang Joyce , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Groeneveld Peter W. , Rossano Joseph W. , Faerber Jennifer A. , Mercer‐Rosa Laura 
Published: July 2020

Background
Despite excellent operative survival, correction of tetralogy of Fallot frequently is accompanied by residual lesions that may affect health beyond the incident hospitalization. Measuring resource utilization, specifically cost and length of stay, provides an integrated measure of morbidity not appreciable in traditional outcomes.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using de‐identified commercial insurance claims data, of 269 children who underwent operative correction of tetralogy of Fallot from January 2004 to September 2015 with ≥2 years of continuous follow‐up (1) to describe resource utilization for the incident hospitalization and subsequent 2 years, (2) to determine whether prolonged length of stay (>7 days) in the incident hospitalization was associated with increased subsequent resource utilization, and (3) to explore whether there was regional variation in resource utilization with both direct comparisons and multivariable models adjusting for known covariates. Subjects with prolonged incident hospitalization length of stay demonstrated greater resource utilization (total cost as well as counts of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and catheterizations) after hospital discharge (
P
<0.0001 for each), though the number of subsequent operative and transcatheter interventions were not significantly different. Regional differences were observed in the cost of incident hospitalization as well as subsequent hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and the costs associated with each.

Conclusions
This study is the first to report short‐ and medium‐term resource utilization following tetralogy of Fallot operative correction. It also demonstrates that prolonged length of stay in the initial hospitalization is associated with increased subsequent resource utilization. This should motivate research to determine whether these differences are because of modifiable factors.
Soil abiotic factors associated with Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. populations in sugarcane
Authors: Noronha Marissônia de A. , Fernandes Marcelo F. , Muniz Maria de Fatima S. , Pedrosa Elvira Maria R. , Assunção Mayara C. , Calheiros Leila C. da S. 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. are the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes to sugarcane and the knowledge of soil characteristics that influence the occurrence of these pathogens can be useful in their management. With the objective to investigate the relationships between soil variables and populations of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. in sugarcane fields, root-zone soil and root samples were collected from 20 farms located in 16 municipalities in Alagoas state, Brazil. The multivariate regression tree technique was used to model the population density’s response variables for Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. in the root-zone soil and the roots according to sugarcane cultivars, soil organic matter, and soil chemical and physical variables. The results showed the existence of associations between soil factors, sugarcane cultivars and populations of nematodes. Root samples from soils with K > 37.79 mmolc dm−3, Al < 5.93 mmolc dm−3 and sugarcane ‘RB92579’, ‘SP753046’, ‘SP813250’ and ‘SP921631’ showed the lowest Pratylenchus spp. population densities. However, the lowest densities in the root-zone were found in soils with sum of bases > 1.91 mmolc dm−3, Ca:Mg ratio < 1:2 and soil organic matter < 10.7 g dm−3. The lowest population densities of Meloidogyne spp. in roots were associated with sugarcane ‘RB92579’, ‘RB93509’, ‘RB98710’, ‘SP791011’ and ‘SP921631’ and soil aggregate mean diam. > 0.48 mm, while root-zone densities were minimum in soils with P > 28.59 mg dm−3. This information should support further studies to investigate the effect of each variable on populations of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne.
Spatial and spatiotemporal analysis of Meloidogyne hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans populations in commercial potato fields in New York, USA
Authors: Gorny Adrienne M. , Hay Frank S. , Esker Paul , Pethybridge Sarah J. 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Meloidogyne hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans are important plant-parasitic nematodes affecting potato in New York and the Northeastern United States, yet little is known of their spatial patterns and spatiotemporal dynamics. Spatial patterns of M. hapla and Pratylenchus spp. were quantified using semivariogram analysis and Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs (SADIE). Nematode populations were assessed within each of three commercial potato fields in 2016 and 2017, with fields sampled on two occasions in-season. Semivariogram analysis and ordinary kriging indicated initial population densities to be spatially dependent over an average range of 110 m for M. hapla and 147 m for Pratylenchus spp. SADIE indicated Pratylenchus spp. to be significantly aggregated in nearly all fields (10 of 12 samplings, to 2.113). Meloidogyne hapla populations were aggregated in only three of 12 samplings ( to 1.738). Spatiotemporal analysis using the association function of SADIE indicated a strong and significant association between initial and final population densities of M. hapla and Pratylenchus spp. within fields. This information is fundamental for the development of enhanced sampling protocols for estimation of plant-parasitic nematodes and evaluating the feasibility of site-specific nematicide application in New York potato fields.
Bursaphelenchus juglandis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), an associate of walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, the vector of thousand cankers disease
Authors: Ryss Alexander Y. , Parker Corwin , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Nadler Steven A. , Subbotin Sergei A. 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Bursaphelenchus juglandis n. sp. was isolated from the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, and walnut trees, Juglans spp. with symptoms of thousand cankers disease, in California, USA. Based on analysis of three rRNA genes and morphological features (three lines in lateral field, small arched vulval flap in female, broad spicule with two lines along blade and small cucullus, digitate dorsally bent condylus, male tail pattern of five papilliform papillae and one pair of glandpapillae (P5), and curved conical female tail), the new species belongs to the Abietinus group within Bursaphelenchus. It differs from similar species of this group by the presence of a cephalic disc with lateral labial sensilla at the disc border, and in having thick spicules with the capitulum surface almost parallel to a virtual direct line extending from the spicule end. An emended diagnosis, tabular polytomous identification key and compendium of species with the lists of their vectors, plant hosts, and distribution are provided for the Abietinus group. The diagnostics of the propagative developmental stages is given, including sex differences; the transmission dauer stage was identified as the third stage and its description given with sexual differences. A molecular phylogeny of Bursaphelenchus is provided based on partial 18S rRNA, ITS rRNA and the D2-D3 expansion fragments of 28S rRNA gene sequences. A PCR with a species-specific primer was developed for detection of B. juglandis n. sp.
Description of Aphelenchoides hamospiculatus n. sp. (Aphelenchoidea: Aphelenchoididae) from Golestan province, north Iran
Authors: Mortazavi Parnaz , Pedram Majid 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Two populations of Aphelenchoides hamospiculatus n. sp. were recovered from natural forests in eastern regions of Golestan province, north Iran. Both populations were morphologically similar. The new species is described and illustrated herein. The females of the type population, recovered from soil, measured 467-550 μm long, and females of the second population, from bark, measured 545-666 μm long. It is mainly characterised by having five lines in the lateral fields, a subcylindrical tail and a single centrally located mucron at the female tail tip with fine nodules, giving it a warty appearance. It is further characterised by having a cephalic region separated from the rest of the body by a shallow constriction, stylet with small swellings at base, large median bulb with slightly post-centrally located, well sclerotised valvular plates and post-vulval uterine sac 56-63 μm long in the type population. The males have spicules with a remarkable narrowing at the distal two-thirds, well-developed condylus with rounded end, small rostrum slightly bent inwards and a hook-like tip of the dorsal limb; and three pairs of cloacal + caudal papillae (the single precloacal papilla, P1, is lacking). The new species was morphologically compared with three species of the genus having five lines in the lateral fields, similar species with no data on their lateral lines, and those with similar spicules and a female tail end bearing a warty mucron. The molecular phylogenetic relationships of the new species using partial small and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU and LSU rDNA) sequences are discussed.
Advertisement calls of Fejervarya multistriata (Anura: Dicroglossidae), with a review of anurans in China
Authors: Lin You-Fu , Chen Zhi-Qiang , Tang Yun , Chen Jing-Yi , Ding Guo-Hua , Lin Zhi-Hua , Ji Xiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Vocalization plays an important role in the communication of anurans. In this study, the advertisement calls of male Fejervarya multistriata obtained in Lishui, Zhejiang, China during the breeding season were recorded. Their note number (NN), note duration (ND), note interval (NI), call duration (CD), pitch (PIT), call intensity (CIT) and dominant frequency (DF) were analyzed. The calls of F. multistriata are composed of one to 38 notes, and calls composed of fewer than ten notes have the highest frequency. Male frogs produced calls ranging from 1201 Hz to 3357 Hz with two DFs (1412.49 Hz and 2953.89 Hz). By comparing the differences among individual calls, it was found that the within-individual coefficients of variation (CVW) and among-individual coefficients of variation (CVA) for NN, NI, CD, PIT and DF were more than 10%, whereas that of CIT was less than 5%. The CVA/CVW ratios indicate that ND is important for sexual selection, whereas NN, NI CD, PIT, CIT, and DF are important for individual recognition. Phylogenetic generalized least squares analysis showed that phylogenetic signals affect DF vs. snout-vent length (SVL) and CD of anurans in China, and accounting for phylogenetic signals, DF was negatively correlated with SVL. DF was found to be higher in anurans that breed in flowing water than in those that breed in stagnant water, after eliminating the effects of phylogeny and SVL. Therefore, we conclude that phylogenetic effects, SVL, and the water type of breeding habitats have a combined impact on the advertisement calls in anurans.
Exploring the Explicit Teaching Strategies in STEAM Program of Climate Change
Authors: Park Young Shin , Park Jo Hoon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study introduces exemplary explicit teaching strategies as enacted by a middle school STEAM teacher. Through a 10-lesson climate change STEAM program, data were collected to explore explicit teaching strategies using O-TOP (Oregon Collaborative for Excellence in the Preparation [OCEPT] Teaching Observation Protocol) and NGSS 8 Practices (Next Generation Science Standards). Data from teacher interviews and class observations were also used to identify and describe how this STEAM teacher offered students opportunities to solve real problems in their community. Examples demonstrating three stages of STEAM education: understanding context presentation, performing creative design, and experiencing emotional touch are provided. We argue STEAM programs should be presented with more realistic issues arising from the community students belong to and that explicit teaching strategies should give students the opportunity to achieve core competencies and scientific literacy. Our study offers implications about the need for systemic teacher training and professional development for STEAM education.
Working Experience of an Animal Welfare Body at an Italian Veterinary Public Health Institution
Authors: Mutinelli Franco , Boldrin Massimo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
According to Directive 2010/63/EU, project proposals involving experiments on animals must be favourably evaluated by the local Animal Welfare Body (AWB) before submission for approval to the central competent authority, i.e., the Ministry of Health in the case of Italy. Here the working experience of the AWB established in one Italian veterinary public health institution is considered and discussed to identify limits, difficulties, and provide suggestions for improvement based on practical cases. Given its pivotal role, the AWB should be strengthened to guarantee the safety and welfare of animals used for scientific purposes, and to further the awareness of researchers about animal welfare and ethics.
Impacts of Oceanic and Atmospheric Heat Transports on Sea Ice Extent
Authors: Aylmer Jake , Ferreira David , Feltham Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimate-model biases in ocean heat transport (OHT) have been proposed as a major contributor to uncertainties in projections of sea ice extent. To better understand the impact of OHT on sea ice extent and compare it to that of atmospheric heat transport (AHT), an idealized, zonally averaged energy balance model (EBM) is developed. This is distinguished from previous EBM work by coupling a diffusive mixed layer OHT and a prescribed OHT contribution, with an atmospheric EBM and a reduced-complexity sea ice model. The ice-edge latitude is roughly linearly related to the convergence of each heat transport component, with different sensitivities depending on whether the ice cover is perennial or seasonal. In both regimes, Bjerknes compensation (BC) occurs such that the response of AHT partially offsets the impact of changing OHT. As a result, the effective sensitivity of ice-edge retreat to increasing OHT is only ~2/3 of the actual sensitivity (i.e., eliminating the BC effect). In the perennial regime, the sensitivity of the ice edge to OHT is about twice that to AHT, while in the seasonal regime they are similar. The ratio of sensitivities is, to leading order, determined by atmospheric longwave feedback parameters in the perennial regime. Here, there is no parameter range in which the ice edge is more sensitive to AHT than OHT.
Multidisciplinary Tracheostomy Quality Improvement in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Building a Global Learning Community
Authors: Swords Chloe , Bergman Lina , Wilson-Jeffers Rachel , Randall Diane , Morris Linda L. , Brenner Michael J. , Arora Asit 
Published: July 2020

Objectives: To report experience with a global multidisciplinary tracheostomy e-learning initiative. Methods: An international multidisciplinary panel of experts convened to build a virtual learning community for tracheostomy care, comprising a web-based platform, five distance learning (interactive webinar) sessions, and professional discourse over 12 months. Structured pre- and post-webinar surveys were disseminated to global participants including otolaryngologists, intensivists, nurses, allied health professionals, and patients/caregivers. Data were collected on audio-visual fidelity, demographics, and pre- and post-tutorial assessments regarding experience and skill acquisition. Participants reported confidence levels for NICU, pediatric, adult, and family care, as well as technical skills, communication, learning, assessment, and subdomains. Results: Participants from 197 institutions in 22 countries engaged in the virtual education platform, including otolaryngologists, speech pathologists, respiratory therapists, specialist nurses, patients, and caregivers. Significant improvements were reported in communication ( P < .0001), clinical assessments ( P < .0001), and clinical governance ( P < .0001), with positive impact on pediatric decannulation ( P = .0008), adult decannulation ( P = .04), and quality improvement ( P < .0001). Respondents reported enhanced readiness to integrate knowledge into practice. Barriers included time zones, internet bandwidth, and perceived difficulty of direct clinical translation of highly technical skills. Participants rated the implementation highly in terms of length, ability for discussion, satisfaction, applicability to professional practice, and expertise of discussants (median scores: 4, 4, 4, 4 and 5 out of 5). Conclusions: Virtual learning has dominated the education landscape during COVID-19 pandemic, but few data are available on its effectiveness. This study demonstrated feasibility of virtual learning for disseminating best practices in tracheostomy, engaging a diverse, multidisciplinary audience. Learning of complex technical skills proved a hurdle, however, suggesting need for hands-on experience for technical mastery. While interactive videoconferencing via webinar affords an engaging and scalable strategy for sharing knowledge, further investigation is needed on clinical outcomes to define effective strategies for experiential online learning and virtual in-service simulations.
Mealtime Caregiving Engagement for Residents with Advanced Dementia: Item Response Theory Analysis
Authors: Liu Wen , Batchelor Melissa 
Published: July 2020

The 18-item Mealtime Engagement Scale was developed to measure mealtime caregiving engagement with preliminary reliability and validity. Item Response Theory models (i.e., Rasch model and Rating Response Model) may provide insight into item functioning. This was a secondary analysis of 87 videotaped mealtime observations involving 18 nursing home staff providing care to residents with advanced dementia. In both models, item difficulties were distributed considerably along the latent trait and highly correlated. Two thirds of the 18 items were located at the moderate level of mealtime engagement. “Providing one-on-one assistance” was most frequently observed, and “re-approaching individual to continue meal” was least frequently observed. All items showed desirable fit to the models. The Rasch model had a significantly smaller deviance than the Rating Response Model, indicating an overall better fit. Findings provided preliminary support for item functioning and pointed out directions for item revisions. Future testing in larger diverse samples is needed.
Disease‐Specific Quality of Life in Vestibular Schwannoma: A National Cross‐sectional Study Comparing Microsurgery, Radiosurgery, and Observation
Authors: Chweya Cynthia M. , Tombers Nicole M. , Lohse Christine M. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of treatment on disease‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS).Study DesignNational cross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary referral center and the Acoustic Neuroma Association.Subjects and MethodsAdult patients with VS who completed the Penn Acoustic Neuroma Quality of Life (PANQOL) survey. Patients were classified by treatment at the most recent survey as microsurgery, radiosurgery, observation, or recently diagnosed (RD). PANQOL scores were compared among VS treatment groups and with nontumor controls using analysis of covariance.ResultsA total of 1362 respondents with VS were analyzed. Total PANQOL scores differed significantly by treatment (P =. 024) with adjusted means of 60, 63, 65, and 62 for the microsurgery, radiosurgery, observation, and RD groups, respectively. Subdomain scores for facial function, balance, hearing loss, and pain differed significantly (P <. 05) by treatment. Comparisons that surpassed thresholds for clinical significance included microsurgery compared to radiosurgery and observation for facial function, microsurgery compared to observation and RD for hearing loss, and microsurgery compared to radiosurgery and observation for pain. Subdomain scores for anxiety, facial function, balance, hearing loss, energy, and pain and total PANQOL scores for nontumor controls were significantly higher (ie, more favorable) compared to the VS groups (P <. 05). General health scores did not differ significantly between the nontumor controls and the VS groups (P =. 19).ConclusionDifferences in HRQOL among treatment modalities are small and variably exceed the minimal clinically important difference. The impact of a VS diagnosis on HRQOL supersedes that of the treatment type.