bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of primary and revision total knee arthroplasty with constrained condylar knee prosthesis: A retrospective review
Authors: Hin LO Chun , Tang Yan Ho Bruce 
Published: December 2024

Background The constrained condylar knee (CCK) implants are becoming more frequently used but the long-term outcomes are inadequately reported. A retrospective review of complex primary and revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with use of Legacy Constrained Condylar Knee prosthesis (LCCK; Zimmer) was performed to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes, identify complications, and ascertain prosthesis survival. Methods A cohort of 54 primary TKA and 37 revision TKA cases were performed between December 2002 and March 2021 using the second-generation CCK prosthesis. The cases without using the constrained insert were excluded. Functional outcome comparison includes flexion and extension range of movement (ROM), Knee Society knee score (KSKS), function score (KSFS) and complications. Radiological outcome comparison includes tibiofemoral angle, hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle and prosthesis components alignment. Survival analysis was performed using revision surgery for any reason as censoring criteria. Results The mean follow-up duration was 4.8 years (1.0–9.9 years) in primary TKA group and 6.2 years (1.0–18.6 years) in revision TKA group. The mean KSKS improved from 40.5 to 86.6 in primary TKA group and from 58.8 to 79.6 in revision TKA group. The mean KSFS improved from 41.8 to 58.9 in primary TKA group and from 34.1 to 58.2 in revision TKA group. The overall complication rate was 7.5% in primary TKA group and 35.1% in revision TKA group. Aseptic loosening was found in 6 cases and periprosthetic joint infection was found in 5 cases. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis estimated the overall mean survival was 17.9 years and 10-year survival rate was 93%. Conclusions Complex primary and revision TKA with use of LCCK prosthesis yielded significant reproducible improvement of clinical outcomes. The failure rate was low in primary TKA but relatively higher in revision cases.
Comparison of In-Game Trunk and Upper Extremity Kinematics Between Fastballs, Breaking Balls, and Changeups in NCAA Division I Collegiate Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Lerch Benjamin G. , Nebel Adam R. , Shannon David M. , Bordelon Nicole M. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Previous biomechanical analyses of baseball pitching report similar kinematics between pitch types. However, prior studies were conducted in a controlled laboratory environment. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to compare in-game trunk and upper extremity kinematics between fastballs, breaking balls, and changeups to determine whether there are kinematic differences that may affect performance as well as to provide new insights into potential risk factors for injury. It was hypothesized that there would be kinematic differences between pitch types. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of markerless motion capture data collected during National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I baseball games. Included were 34 pitchers who pitched at least 3 pitches of each type (fastball, breaking ball, changeup) during competition. A 1-way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test differences between pitch types, and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to test pairwise comparisons. Results: The MANOVA revealed a significant effect of pitch type ( P < .001), and follow-up univariate tests found a significant main effect of pitch type for 12 of the 15 kinematic variables analyzed. Post hoc Bonferroni tests revealed that maximum shoulder external rotation was significantly greater during fastballs than breaking balls. At foot contact, significantly less shoulder external rotation was seen during changeups compared with fastballs and breaking balls. At the time of ball release, changeups had significantly less trunk lean and less trunk flexion than fastballs and breaking balls, and fastballs had a significantly smaller arm slot angle than breaking balls and changeups. Conclusion: Collegiate baseball pitchers displayed numerous kinematic differences between pitch types during competitive play, some of which are known influencers of pitching kinetics. Clinical Relevance: This study offers a novel perspective regarding kinematic differences between different pitch types during competition. These results are comparable to the findings of laboratory studies and provide valuable insights into potential injury mechanisms.
Electioneering strategies in the hybrid regime: Another regular snap election in Serbia
Authors: Bursać Dejan , Vučićević Dušan 
Published: December 2024

On December 17, 2023, another cycle of extraordinary parliamentary elections was held in Serbia, this time simultaneously with early provincial elections in the northern autonomous province of Vojvodina and early local elections in over 60 cities and municipalities. Elections for nearly 90 other cities and municipalities in the country have been conducted 6 months later, in June 2024, coinciding with the expiration of local assembly mandates. Both votes were preceded by political crises; however, as with all elections since 2014, they resulted in a decisive victory for the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS). In this paper, we will present an overall framework of the elections, including electoral rules, main actors and their campaign strategies, and results. Additionally, we will employ theoretical concepts of hybrid regime, stabilitocracy, and nationalization of elections to explain the frequent extraordinary elections in Serbia and their outcomes.
A Parallel Process of Staff–Family Distress in Long-Term Care: A Challenge to Collaboration
Authors: Serrano Diandra , Sussman Tamara , Kaasalanien Sharon , Wickson-Griffiths Abigail , Thompson Genevieve , Hunter Paulette V. , MacIntosh Health B. , Brazil Kevin 
Published: December 2024

Introduction Supporting persons living with advanced dementia in long-term care (LTC) homes requires strong collaborative partnerships between staff, family members, and residents. Yet, relational tensions—such as differing expectations around care decisions—can inhibit the implementation of collaborative partnerships at this critical point in the trajectory of care. Objective This study aims to explore the emotional experiences of families and staff during shared decision-making processes for individuals with advanced dementia in LTC. Method Guided by interpretative description, this qualitative study investigated the experiences of staff ( n = 12) and families ( n = 16) collaborating in two Canadian LTC homes. Data was collected through semistructured interviews lasting 45–60 min, which facilitated a detailed exploration of participants’ narratives. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis facilitated by a combination of inductive and deductive approaches. Results Our analysis revealed a complex parallel process of trauma and grief including accumulated distress, isolation, and feelings of devalue that worked together to create distance between staff and families at a time when connection was critical. Our findings further suggested that a lack of time and space for reflection and validation for staff and family, resulted in a cycle whereby staff and families engaged in a push and pull dynamic with each viewing the other as adversaries rather than allies. Conclusion Our findings highlight the critical need for reflexive opportunities in LTC homes to overcome and attend to the emotional barriers that interfere with true collaboration between staff and families. We hope that the proposed cycle serves as a preliminary framework to support staff in navigating difficult conversations and emotions, and fosters reflexive care that enhances, rather than obstructs, connections.
Risk factors for housing insecurity following bereavement: a cross-sectional analysis of UK survey respondents
Authors: Simpson-Greene C. R. L. , Hudson B. F. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Housing insecurity can be linked to bereavement and is often caused or exacerbated by loss of household income and restrictions to some tenancy agreements. Housing insecurity can result in significant practical disruption, increase risk of adverse health outcomes and decrease quality of life. However, despite the impact of housing insecurity on experiences following bereavement, little is known about its underlying risk factors. Aim: To investigate characteristics associated with housing insecurity, defined as odds of having to move home following bereavement. Methods: This exploratory, cross-sectional analysis used data from an online survey commissioned by Marie Curie in November 2023. The survey investigated administrative difficulties faced by UK residents who had experienced a close bereavement in the past five years. Logistic regression modelling was used to quantify the strength and direction of the association between characteristics and odds of having to move home. Results: In all, 2901 bereaved people were included in the analysis. The incidence of having to move home following bereavement was 11.2% ( n = 324). Characteristics associated with significantly increased odds of having to move in fully adjusted models included being younger, being male, renting privately, bereavement following the death of a younger person, being bereaved in the last 12 months and completing practical tasks following bereavement, a proxy measure for the relationship between the bereaved and deceased. Living in Wales, living in Scotland and living in Northern Ireland were each associated with significantly lower odds of having to move compared with living in England. Data on ethnicity or socioeconomic factors were unavailable. Conclusion: Certain groups of people may have an increased risk of having to move home following bereavement. This highlights inequity in experiences of bereavement and emphasises the need for research to explore other aspects of housing insecurity and the means to address potential inequities.
Emergency neurosurgical hybrid operating platform for acute intracranial hemorrhage (E-HOPE)
Authors: Wang Mingze , Ge Peicong , Jiao Yuming , Deng Xiaofeng , Yu Songlin , Jiang Yuha , Li Zhi , Wang Tao , He Hongwei , Li Youxiang , Chen Xiaolin , Wang Shuo , Cao Yong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Precise diagnosis and rapid treatment for acute complex intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are crucial. The neurosurgical hybrid operating platform integrates traditional open neurosurgery operating room functionalities with endovascular therapy capabilities and is developing in the neurosurgical practice. However, its effect on the emergent complicated neurovascular cases needs pilot exploration.

Methods
In this prospective study, a total of 103 cases of both spontaneous and non-spontaneous ICH were consecutively recruited between June 2019 and June 2023. Demographic data, including age, gender distribution, and types of hemorrhage, were collected. Surgical interventions were tailored based on DSA, including spontaneous and non-spontaneous hemorrhages. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results
Over the study period from June 2019 to June 2023, a cohort of 103 ICH cases underwent emergency hybrid surgical treatment utilizing the E-HOPE platform. Among these cases, 88 were classified as spontaneous ICH, while 15 were non-spontaneous. The mean age at diagnosis for the entire cohort was 54.0 ± 3.7 years, with a slight predominance of male patients. Spontaneous ICH encompassed a diverse spectrum of etiologies, including arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms, arteriovenous fistulas, cavernous malformations, moyamoya disease, and cryptogenic hemorrhages. Surgical interventions were tailored to address the specific pathology. Notably, improvements in mRS scores were observed in a majority of cases, with some patients experiencing stabilization or deterioration postoperatively. Non-spontaneous cases (n = 15) were primarily iatrogenic (n = 13) due to tumors adjacent to the internal carotid artery, necessitating stent graft deployment. Surgical approaches, including stent graft deployment and middle meningeal artery embolization, were effective in managing these cases. Postoperative functional outcomes varied depending on the nature of the hemorrhage, with a subset of patients demonstrating improvement in mRS scores while others showed no significant change.

Conclusions
Emergency hybrid surgical treatment utilizing the E-HOPE platform offers promising outcomes for ICH patients. Tailored surgical approaches result in favorable postoperative functional outcomes, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing these complex cases.
Establishment of baseline size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) for paediatric head computed tomography (CT) examinations
Authors: Sulemana Hamza , Mumuni Abdul Nashirudeen , Abubakari Izre-deen Osman Mohammed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
In recent times, size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) has been the ideal metric for accurate estimation of individual patient doses in computed tomography (CT) examinations. The objective of this study was to estimate patient radiation doses based on SSDE and the water-equivalent diameter (DW) as an effect tool for dose optimization in paediatric head CT at two facilities in Tamale Metropolis, in the northern region of Ghana. This is a preliminary retrospective study conducted on 57 paediatric patients (comprising 32 males and 25 females), aged newborns to 16 years old, who underwent head CT examinations. Patient head sizes were determined in terms DW, which was calculated by manual contouring the circumference of the CT images excluding the background to measure the region of interest (ROI) using the mid-slice axial CT images. SSDE was calculated as the product of CTDIvol and the size-specific conversion coefficients (CTDIvol, 16 to SSDE) obtained from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Report 293.

Results
At facility ‘A’, the median SSDE values for patients, aged 3 months to 1 year, 1 to 6 years, and older than 6 years were 46.1 mGy, 39.6 mGy, and 48.2 mGy, respectively. The corresponding CTDIvol values were 42.3 mGy, 39.1 mGy, and 51.7 mGy. Facility ‘B’ reported median SSDE values of 36.0, 39.2, and 43.8 mGy, with corresponding CTDIvol values of 28.7, 39.8, and 46.9 mGy for the same age categories. For all age groups, the two facilities showed significant differences in SSDE values (44.72 mGy vs. 39.77 mGy, p = 0.009) and CTDIvol values (45.72 mGy vs. 40.60 mGy, p = 0.03). Some of the age group doses were up to 25.3% in CTDIvol and 25.8% in SSDE higher than those found in published data.

Conclusions
The SSDEs estimated showed significant variations between the two facilities, indicating a possible variability of scan protocols for paediatric head CT examinations. The SSDEs obtained in this study could be useful for optimization of paediatric routine head CT examinations.
From Hermitage to Heritage?: the legacy of the Lantau Mountain Camp
Authors: Lee Miriam 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper traces the continuity and changes of the little-known Lantau Mountain Camp, a century-old hill station in Hong Kong, with respect to local, regional and global vicissitudes, from its missionary origins, to its memorable tradition as an international summer camp to its growing reputation as a popular scenic landscape. The author discusses how and why this camp was established, its representation in Hong Kong and its transition from a missionary retreat and closely bonded community to a fraternity for rustic, spartan living, with, in recent years, a focus on conservation of the natural environment and cultural landscape. The dynamics of the heritagisation process of the camp involving different stakeholders with different goals and motives are reviewed.
Improving dementia prognostication in cognitively normal older adults: conventional versus novel approaches to modelling risk associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: Ghahremani Maryam , Smith Eric E. , Ismail Zahinoor 
Published: December 2024

Background
Studies in cognitively normal individuals on associations between psychiatric symptomatology and incident dementia have not reliably differentiated psychiatric syndromes from neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) that represent neurodegeneration. Conventional modelling often overlooks symptom natural history. Mild behavioural impairment (MBI) is a syndrome that leverages later-life emergent and persistent NPS to identify a high-risk group for incident dementia.

Aim
We aimed to explore associations of MBI, and conventionally-measured NPS (NPS-not-MBI), with incident dementia in cognitively normal individuals and the cognitively normal subset with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Method
Using National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data, MBI was operationalised by the absence of past psychiatric disorders (symptom emergence) and the presence of symptoms at >2/3 of pre-dementia visits (symptom persistence). Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regressions modelled dementia incidence across NPS groups and MBI domains, adjusted for age, gender, education, race, APOE-ε4, and cognitive status.

Results
The sample comprised 1408 MBI (age 75.2 ± 9.5; 54.3% female), 5625 NPS-not-MBI (age 71.6 ± 8.8; 65.5% female) and 5078 No-NPS (age 71.2 ± 8.9; 67.6% female) participants. Compared with No-NPS, MBI participants had lower dementia-free survival (P < 0.0001) and 2.76-fold greater adjusted dementia incidence rate (95% CI: 2.27–3.35, P < 0.001); incidence rate in NPS-not-MBI did not differ from No-NPS (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% CI: 0.82–1.14, P = 0.687). Of those with MBI who progressed to dementia, 76.0% developed Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, in the SCD subsample (n = 3485), persons with MBI had 1.99-fold greater dementia incidence versus No-NPS (95% CI: 1.46–2.71, P < 0.001) while NPS-not-MBI did not differ from No-NPS (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI: 0.70–1.19, P = 0.511).

Conclusions
Incorporating natural history into assessment of psychiatric symptoms in accordance with MBI criteria enhances dementia prognostication and modelling.
Portable Medical Orders and Inpatient Cost at End of Life in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Authors: LoCastro Marissa , Baran Andrea , Liesveld Jane , Huselton Eric , Hill Elaine , Loh Kah Poh , Mendler Jason H. 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
We previously demonstrated that early completion of portable medical orders, known as Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST), was associated with lower-intensity care at the end of life (EOL) for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a MOLST form completed before hospitalization on the cost of inpatient care during the last 30 days of life for patients with AML and MDS.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective study of 271 adult patients with a diagnosis of AML or MDS who died between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019, and received care for their hematologic malignancy at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC). Costs were hospital charges for inpatient care at URMC. Nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare costs between diagnosis and age subgroups (AML
v
MDS, ≥60 years old
v
<60 years old). A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the association of MOLST form completion before hospitalization (
v
not) with cost of inpatient care.

RESULTS

Among patients hospitalized within the last 30 days of life (n = 229), the median cost of inpatient care within the last 30 days of life was $24,054 in US dollars (USD). Median cost was lower for patients who completed a MOLST form before hospitalization than for patients who had not ($17,808
v
$33,283 USD;
P
< .0001). On multivariate analysis, completion of a MOLST form before hospitalization was associated with lower cost of inpatient care (

β

, –.65; SE, 0.16;
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSION
Completion of a MOLST form before hospitalization was associated with lower inpatient costs at EOL for patients with AML and MDS.
Between the Homing Pigeon and the Vagrant: The Contract Labor System and the Creation of the Immoral Mexican Migrant, 1910–1929
Authors: Bernardino Erik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article traces how local, state, and federal officials in the United Sates weaponized morality against Mexican contract wage laborers in the first three decades of the twentieth century. The author argues that the sexual morals policing project targeting immigrant women suspected of prostitution and other immoral behaviors shaped the experiences of Mexican contract wage laborers as they sought entry into the United States and once they were admitted. By focusing on the racialized poverty of the Mexican, US immigration officials and employers created a stark binary of workers as “moral” law-abiding/“immoral” vagrant criminals depending on laborers compliance and participation within a burgeoning transnational contract labor system.
Velocity Specific Adaptations to Three Widely Used Strength Training Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Trane Glenn , Pedersen Stine , Mehus Håkon André , Helgerud Jan , Unhjem Runar Jakobsen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim
We examined bench press adaptations to three widely used strength training methods; maximal strength training (MST), hypertrophy training (HT) and explosive strength training (EST). To reflect how these methods are typically applied by practitioners, MST and EST were volume matched, whereas HT were performed at higher volume.

Methods
Sixty-three moderately trained subjects (32 males; 31 females) were randomized into 8 weeks of MST, HT, EST or control (CON), 3 sessions/week. MST performed 4 x 4 repetitions bench press at ≥85% of 1RM. HT performed 3 x 8-12 repetitions at ∼70-80% of 1RM. EST performed 4 x 6-7 repetitions bench press throws at 40% of 1RM. Maximal-, explosive- and endurance strength characteristics were assessed, as well as muscle hypertrophy.

Results
1RM increased more after MST (+21.5%) and HT (+17.9%) compared to EST (+5.9%) and CON (all p ≤ 0.001). Rate of force development (RFD) at 50% of 1RM increased more after MST (+58.4%) than EST (+27.1%, p ≤ 0.01) and CON (p ≤ 0.01), and more after HT (+38.9%) than CON (p ≤ 0.01). Mean propulsive velocity (MPV) increased more after MST compared to CON across all loads (20-80% of 1RM), and more than EST at 80% (p ≤ 0.001), 60% (p ≤ 0.01), with a strong tendency at 40% of 1RM (p = 0.053). Δ1RM correlated with ΔMPV at all loads of the L-v profile (r = 0.40-0.56, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions
MST and HT were more effective than EST for improving maximal and explosive strength performance against moderate and high loads. At low loads, EST was not more effective than MST and HT, despite high degree of velocity specificity. Changes in muscle strength appear to be more important than velocity specificity to increase performance across the L-v profile.