bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of circadian iron administration on iron bioavailability and biological rhythm in pigs
Authors: Dong Zhenglin , Li Lan , Zhang Yiming , Guo Liu , Wu Xin , Yin Yulong , Wan Dan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIron supplements are limited by their poor absorption and low efficacy. A circadian feeding schedule would affect the circadian rhythm and improve nutrient metabolism. In this study, 18 iron‐deficient piglets were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group receiving a constant diet with mid‐iron (MI), a ‘HL’ group receiving a high‐iron (HI) diet at 8:00 h and a low‐iron (LI) diet at 18:00, and an ‘LH’ group receiving a LI diet at 8:00 and a HI diet at 18:00. The effects of circadian iron administration on iron absorption, iron status, and biological rhythm in iron‐deficient piglets were investigated.RESULTSSerum iron and hemoglobin improved significantly (P < 0.05) but did not significantly differ in the circadian iron‐feeding groups (P > 0.05). Iron concentration in the liver and spleen was significantly higher in the LH group than in the HL group (P < 0.05), and mRNA expression of divalent metal transport 1 (DMT1), cytochrome B (CYBRD1) and ferroportin (FPN) genes in the duodenum was significantly elevated in the LH group (P < 0.05). The clock‐related genes showed differential expression in the duodenum, with greater mRNA expression for period (Per2) and cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2) in the LH group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONCircadian iron administration affected iron absorption and iron storage in pigs. Iron supplementation in the evening might be a more effective pattern for iron utilization. The rhythmic system in the intestine, driven by the time, played an important role in this process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioconservation of iron and enhancement of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of chicken gizzard protein hydrolysate fermented by Pediococcus acidilacticiATTC 8042
Authors: Ali Ali Muhammed Moula , Gullo Maria , Rai Amit Kumar , Bavisetty Sri Charan Bindu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe poultry industry is one of the fastest growing sectors, and it generates considerable quantities of chicken gizzards (CG) every day. However, due to their hard texture and high microbial load, and due to cultural beliefs, they are not preferred by consumers. Chicken gizzards are a substantial source of proteins, iron, and other nutrients, which can be used effectively to produce nutraceuticals, rich in peptides (antioxidants and antibacterial), bio‐iron, essential free amino acids, and fatty acids vital for human health.RESULTSLactic acid fermentation of CG by Pediococcus acidilactici ATTC 8042 increased the antioxidant activity of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiaziline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) by up to 26 times compared with unfermented CG (P < 0.05). The amount of hydrolysis and solvents (ethanol and water) used for extracting protein hydrolysates significantly affected the antioxidant properties. Moreover, fermented CG showed a negligible reduction in bio‐iron (2–3%) compared with heat‐processed CG (85 °C for 15 min), in which bio‐iron was reduced by up to 20.3% (P < 0.05). The presence of unsaturated fatty acids such as C20:4 and C22:4 n‐6 indicated a low level of lipid oxidation.CONCLUSIONFermented CG, with its reasonably high antioxidant and antibacterial activity, together with a substantial amount of bio‐iron and other nutritional components can serve as a functional food or feed additive to reduce oxidative stress and to treat iron deficiency. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of unsaturation of free fatty acids and phytosterols on the formation of esterified phytosterols during deodorization of corn oil
Authors: Bai Ge , Ma Chuan‐Guo , Chen Xiao‐Wei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhytosterols are partly removed during oil refining, and the magnitude of phytosterols loss largely depends on the refining conditions applied and the molecular conformation. The aim of this research was to study the effect of deodorization conditions and molecular unsaturation on the esterification of phytosterols during deodorization of corn oil.RESULTSIn the chemical model, free fatty acids (FFAs) were the major provider of acyl groups during the formation of phytosteryl fatty acid esters (PEs) under deodorization conditions. Among the main parameters of the deodorization, temperature played a role in the formation of PEs with a time‐dependent manner. In comparison, saturated palmitic acid had a higher capability of esterifying free phytosterols (FPs) to PEs than unsaturated oleic acid and linoleic acid. Moreover, the influence of FFA unsaturation on the degradation of FPs depended on temperature. Besides, the formation of stigmasteryl ester had a competitive advantage over that of sitosteryl ester by quantum chemistry simulation.CONCLUSIONFor laboratory‐scale deodorization of corn oil, saturated fatty acids and deodorization process with steam as stripping gas could obviously esterify FPs to PEs. FPs were abundantly enriched in distillate during the deodorization process with nitrogen as stripping gas, whereas FPs and PEs were distilled simultaneously during the deodorization process with steam. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Natural occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in wheat and potential of reducing associated risks using magnolol
Authors: Jiang Dongmei , Wei Dizhe , Li Hongtao , Wang Liuqing , Jiang Nan , Li Yunchao , Wang Meng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat is one of three major food crops in China. Alternaria species can cause spoilage of wheat with consequent mycotoxin accumulation. Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) are the most common and frequently studied mycotoxins. There are limited regulations placed on Alternaria mycotoxin concentrations worldwide due to the lack of toxicity data available. More data on the levels of mycotoxin contamination are also needed. It is also important to reduce the risks of Alternaria mycotoxins.RESULTSOne hundred and thirty‐two wheat samples were collected from Hebei Province, China, and analyzed for AOH, AME, and TeA. Tenuazonic acid was found to be the predominant Alternaria mycotoxin, especially in flour samples. Studying Alternaria species that cause black‐point disease of wheat indicated that Alternaria alternata and Alternaria tenuissima were the dominant species. Most of the Alternaria strains studied produced more than one mycotoxin and TeA was produced at the highest concentration, which may have resulted in the high level of TeA contamination in the wheat samples. Furthermore, magnolol displayed obvious antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity against Alternaria. This is the first report on the antimycotoxigenic activity of magnolol against Alternaria species.CONCLUSIONThe Alternaria mycotoxin contamination levels in wheat and wheat products from Hebei Province, China, were correlated with the toxigenic capacity of the Alternaria strains colonizing the wheat. Considering its safety, magnolol could be developed as a natural fungicide in wheat, or as a natural alternative food preservative based on its strong antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity against Alternaria strains. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Time to surgery following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer impacts residual cancer burden, recurrence, and survival
Authors: Sutton Thomas L. , Schlitt Alexander , Gardiner Stuart K. , Johnson Nathalie , Garreau Jennifer R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of length of time to surgery (TTS) on oncologic outcomes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients is unclear. We investigated the relationship between TTS on residual cancer burden (RCB) score and oncologic outcomes.MethodsPatients with breast cancer receiving NAC from 2011 to 2017 were identified. The association of TTS with recurrence‐free survival (RFS), overall and disease‐specific survival (OS, DSS), and RCB score was examined with Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis, adjusting for relevant clinicopathologic factors.ResultsWe identified 463 patients. Median TTS was 29 days (range 11–153). Median follow‐up was 57 months (range, 2–93 months). Five‐year local recurrence‐free survival, locoregional RFS, OS, and DSS was 86%, 96%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, TTS >6 weeks was independently associated with worse RFS (HR [hazard ratio] 3.45; p < .001) and DSS (HR 2.82; p < .05), while TTS >6 weeks was independently associated with a positive size of the effect on RCB score of 0.59 (p < .0001).ConclusionProlonged TTS is a modifiable risk factor for adverse oncologic outcomes following NAC for breast cancer, possibly mediated by increasing RCB score overtime after NAC. In the absence of contraindications, surgery should be performed within 6 weeks following NAC for optimal oncologic outcomes.
Patient‐reported functional outcomes in a cohort of hand and foot sarcoma survivors treated with limb sparing surgery and radiation therapy
Authors: Ahmed Safia K. , Kaggal Suneetha , Harmsen William S. , Sawyer Jessica W. , Houdek Matthew T. , Rose Peter S. , Petersen Ivy A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDescribe patient‐reported functional outcomes for hand and foot sarcoma survivors treated with limb‐sparing surgery and radiation therapy (LSS + RT).MethodsFifty‐four patients with hand/wrist and foot/ankle sarcomas treated with LSS + RT from 1991 to 2015 were identified. Survivors ≥18 years old without subsequent amputation completed self‐assessed functional surveys: Toronto upper extremity salvage score (TESS‐UE) and Michigan hand outcomes (MHQ) surveys for hand; TESS lower extremity (TESS‐LE) and Foot and Ankle Outcomes (FAOS) surveys for foot. Scoring scales: 0–100, MHQ and TESS; ‐26 to 56 and 25‐59, FAOS core and shoe comfort, respectively. Higher scores denote superior function.ResultsFive‐year local tumor control was 88%. Fourteen of 24 hand (58%) and 14/18 foot (78%) survivors completed surveys. Mean TESS‐UE and MHQ scores were 89.4 and 72.8, respectively. Mean TESS‐LE, core FAOS, and shoe comfort scores were 92.4, 46.19, and 53.1, respectively. No factors correlated with outcomes. TESS‐UE and MHQ scores strongly correlated (r = .87). TESS‐LE and FAOS scores were associated with a poor correlation (r = .02 and r = .69).ConclusionsThe largest patient‐reported functional outcomes analysis for hand and foot sarcoma survivors treated with LSS + RT demonstrates excellent local tumor control and acceptable functional outcomes. Further exploration of optimal functional assessment tools is needed given the potential scope differences.
A clinicopathologic examination of myxofibrosarcoma. Do surgical margins significantly affect local recurrence rates in this infiltrative sarcoma subtype?
Authors: Dadrass Farnaz , Gusho Charles , Yang Fan , Culvern Chris , Bloom Julie , Fillingham Yale , Colman Matthew , Gitelis Steven , Blank Alan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMyxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is an aggressive soft tissue tumor with an unpredictable recurrence pattern. We sought to (a) determine whether margin status in MFS is correlated to rates of local recurrence (LR) and (b) identify demographic and treatment variables associated with disease‐related outcomes in this population.MethodsThis retrospective study identified 42 surgically treated patients with MFS over 10 years at a single institution. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, intraoperative variables, and disease‐related outcomes were recorded.ResultsThirty‐three (83%) patients had negative surgical margins and seven (18%) had positive margins. Four of 32 patients (13%) with negative margins developed subsequent LR compared to six of seven (86%) patients with positive margins (p < .001). Three patients (75%) with metastatic disease were deceased at the end of the study, while five (15%) without metastasis were deceased (p = .024).ConclusionsPositive margin procedures for MFS were associated with LR. However, negative surgical margins demonstrated a relatively high rate of LR compared to other soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. Furthermore, though MFS tends to locally recur and have a propensity for distant metastasis, patients are observed to have a higher probability of death from other causes.
Monitoring of priority pollutants chlorophenols in water and milk by headspace solid‐phase microextraction based on electrospun polycaprolactam nanofibers decorated with cadmium oxide‐carbon nanotubes
Authors: Afsharsaveh Zahra , Sereshti Hassan , Nodeh Hamid Rashidi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPriority pollutants chlorophenols are broadly used chemicals that are persistent in the environment and causing serious human health hazards. The current study introduces a novel adsorbent for the extraction of chlorophenols from river water, surface water, and milk by headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography. The adsorbent composite was prepared by blending polycaprolactam (nylon‐6) mat and newly synthesized carbon nanotubes decorated with cadmium oxide nanoparticles followed by electrospinning technique to produce based nanofiber. The proposed nanofiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The main parameters that affect extraction efficiency, including ionic strength, extraction time, desorption time, and extraction temperature, were investigated and optimized. The linear range was 0.05–5 ng/mL; the limits of detection (signal/noise=3) were 0.02–0.04 ng/mL. The relative recoveries for real samples (river water, surface water, and milk) were in the range of 84–114%.
Estimating Coyote Densities with Local, Discrete Bayesian Capture‐Recapture Models
Authors: Woodruff Susannah P. , Eacker Daniel R. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTRecent advances in noninvasive genetic sampling and spatial capture‐recapture (SCR) techniques are particularly useful for monitoring cryptic wildlife species such as carnivores. In southern Arizona, USA, coyotes (Canis latrans) are thought to negatively affect endangered Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis), although no estimates of coyote abundance or monitoring programs exist. Sonoran pronghorn are provided supplemental feed and water in this region, resulting in areas where pronghorn and other species are congregated. Because of the higher density of artificial water sources for Sonoran pronghorn on the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge (CPNWR), we predicted that coyote density would be higher relative to the Barry M. Goldwater Range (BMGR), where artificial water sources are less dense. We used discrete Bayesian SCR models in a local evaluation approach to provide baseline estimates of coyote abundance and understand how coyote density varied between 2 contrasting areas of land use. We identified 106 individuals from scat samples across 3 sessions in 2013 and 2014 and achieved high genotyping and individual identification success rates (~78%). Encounter rates at water catchments were nearly 11 times higher compared to road and trail transects. As predicted, we found that coyote density was on average 2 times higher on the CPNWR (11.2 coyotes/100 km2) compared to the BMGR (5.3 coyotes/100 km2). The local evaluation approach significantly reduced computational time, making the discrete Bayesian approach more practical to implement across a large study area. Our study represents an important contribution towards developing a robust monitoring program for coyotes. We hope that our novel implementation of the local evaluation approach increases the ability of wildlife managers to understand the effects of land use and other ecological influences on large carnivore populations. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
A Pragmatic Approach for Determining Otter Distribution from Disparate Occurrence Records
Authors: Powers Kelly M. , Petracca Lisanne S. , Macduff Andrew J. , Frair Jacqueline L. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTOpportunistic records of animal occurrence may be problematic for inferring species distribution and habitat requirements because of unknown and uncontrolled sources of sampling variance. In this study, we used occurrence records for river otters (Lontra canadensis) derived from sign surveys, road kills, trapper bycatch, and opportunistic sightings (n = 185 records collected 2001–2012) to assess the potential distribution and habitat relationships of otters across central and western New York, USA. To mitigate for obvious observation biases, we standardized observation intensity across regions a priori and restricted inference to readily accessible areas (i.e., ≤700 m from the nearest road). Model selection, and the direction of covariate effects, proved robust to these sampling biases although effect sizes varied −7.1% to +48.0% after bias correction, with the coefficient for the proportion of available shoreline being the most unstable. Ultimately, the top bias‐corrected model proved a reliable index for otter probability of occurrence given a strong, positive, and linear relationship with a withheld set of standardized survey records for otters collected in winter 2016–2017 (n = 57; R2 = 0.90). This model indicated that approximately 20% of the study area represented high probability of otter occurrence. We demonstrated that reliable inference on wildlife habitat requirements can be obtained from disparate records of animal occurrence provided that data biases are known and effectively mitigated. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Estimation of reaction kinetics for aromatic and heterocycles nitration in mixed acids through computational chemistry approach
Authors: Jadhav Pandurang M. , Pandey Raj K. , Kulkarni Amol A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNitration of aromatic compounds and heterocycles in mixed acid environment is one of the regularly performed large‐scale reactions in the chemical industry. Although the reaction mechanism of nitration of aromatics in mixed acid is well established, the development of a methodology for the evaluation of kinetics of exothermic aromatic nitrations in a simplified and accurate way is necessary. Here we evaluate the applicability of a kinetic evaluation methodology based on Hammett's acidity function, acidity function, and empirical activity coefficient for the nitration reaction. The contributions from the functional groups on the aromatic ring and quantitative structure‐activity relationships technique are considered for these evaluations. Natural bond orbital and magnetic index nucleus independent chemical shift analyses were carried out to obtain the substitution constants. The rate constant and activation energy values were evaluated at various temperatures and sulfuric acid strengths. The results were validated by comparing with the experimental data from the literature for several molecules. The effect of various functional groups (viz carbonyl, carboxyl, methyl, and amine) substituted on the benzene ring was also evaluated. For a few identified substrates, the data were used for estimation of residence time needed for complete conversion in continuous stirred tank reactor and in a plug flow reactor to quantify the effect of substitution constant and strength of sulfuric acid. The approach will help select a suitable reactor.
Lp‐Estimates for the ∂¯b‐equation on a class of infinite type domains
Authors: Khanh Tran Vu , Raich Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe prove estimates, , for solutions to the tangential Cauchy–Riemann equations on a class of infinite type domains . The domains under consideration are a class of convex ellipsoids, and we show that if is a ‐closed (0,1)‐form with coefficients in , then there exists an explicit solution u satisfying . Moreover, when , we show that there is a gain in regularity to an f‐Hölder space.We also present two applications. The first is a solution to the ‐equation, that is, given a smooth (0,1)‐form ϕ on with an L1‐boundary value, we can solve the Cauchy–Riemann equation so that where C is independent of and ϕ. The second application is a discussion of the zero sets of holomorphic functions with zero sets of functions in the Nevanlinna class within our class of domains.
Task Specific Tremor Subsequently Developing into Parkinson's Disease: Case Series
Authors: Koneru Vindhya , Ondo William G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's Disease (PD) can present with dystonia or essential tremor but task specific tremor (TST) preceding PD has been only rarely reported. The relationship between TST and PD is unclear. We report a series of 12 patients with TST who later developed PD.CasesPatients with TST and PD were identified from our database. Records and imaging were reviewed and descriptive statistics presented. Twelve patients were identified. All 11 patients who had TST of arm developed rest tremor ipsilateral to the TST arm. DaTscan showed reduced dopaminergic uptake in all 11 patients who were scanned. The TST improved with STN and VIM DBS (3/12) and partially to dopaminergic medications (N = 3) and trihexyphenidyl (N = 2).ConclusionRest tremor consistently occurring ipsilateral to TST, positive DaTscan, and partial response to dopaminergic medications but not to ET medications suggests TST is a precursor to PD in this population rather than chance occurrence.
Beyond Typical Ataxia Telangiectasia: How to Identify the Ataxia Telangiectasia‐Like Disorders
Authors: Raslan Ivana Rocha , de Assis Pereira Matos Paula Camila Alves , Boaratti Ciarlariello Vinícius , Daghastanli Karyme Hussein , Rosa Augusto Bragança Reis , Arita Juliana Harumi , Aranda Carolina Sanchez , Barsottini Orlando Graziani Povoas , Pedroso José Luiz 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtaxia telangiectasia is one of the most common causes of autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias. However, absence of telangiectasia, normal levels of alpha‐fetoprotein and negative genetic test may direct to alternative diagnosis with similar phenotypes such as ataxia telangiectasia‐like disorders (ATLD).CasesWe report two instructive cases of ATLD: the first case with ataxia telangiectasia‐like disorder type 1 related to MRE11A gene, and the second case with ataxia telangiectasia‐like disorder type 2 related to PCNA gene.Literature ReviewATLD is an unusual group of autosomal recessive diseases that share some clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms with ataxia telangiectasia (AT). ATLD may be associated with mutations in the MRE11A (ATLD type 1) and PCNA (ATLD type 2) genes. ATLD belongs to the group of chromosomal instability syndromes. The reason for the term ATLD is related to the similar pathophysiological mechanisms observed in AT, which is characterized by chromosomal instability and radiosensitivity.ConclusionsIn this review, the main clinical features, biomarkers, brain imaging and genetics of ATLD are discussed. Mutations in the MRE11A and PCNA genes should be included in the differential diagnosis for early onset cerebellar ataxia with absence of telangiectasia and normal levels of alpha‐fetoprotein.