bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Primary Versus Salvage Surgery for Sinonasal Malignancies: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Lehrich Brandon M. , Yasaka Tyler M. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThere exists a lack of consensus on the optimal sequence of treatment for many sinonasal malignancies (SNMs). This study compares the overall survival (OS) outcomes for primary surgery (PS) versus salvage surgery (SS) in SNM patients across stage, histology, and primary site.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for all SNM cases treated with multimodal surgical and nonsurgical therapy between 2004 and 2015. Logistic regression identified predictors of SS. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated predictors of mortality, and Kaplan‐Meier log‐rank test assessed OS outcomes.ResultsOur SNM cohort consisted of 3,011 patients (PS = 2,804; SS = 207). SS patients had significantly longer postoperative hospital stays (P = .009) and increased rates of 30‐day (P < .001) and 90‐day mortality (P < .001) compared to PS. On multivariate logistic regression, predictors of undergoing SS included sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma histology (odds ratio = 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16‐6.66; P = .024). On multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses among SS patients, late‐stage disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.80; 95% CI: 1.46‐15.8; P = .01) and positive surgical margins (HR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.29‐4.13; P = .005) portended significantly worse OS. In the propensity score–matched cohort controlling for stage and histology, PS had significantly improved OS compared to SS (P = .007). Compared to SS, PS also had improved OS in subgroup analyses for patients with late‐stage disease (P = .026) and squamous cell carcinoma histology (P = .006).ConclusionsIn our SMN cohort, PS resulted in improved OS outcomes compared to SS independent of stage and histology. Consideration may be given to primary surgical resection for SMN whenever feasible, though a targeted, individualized approach is warranted.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E710–E718, 2021
Photosynthesis‐driven methane production in oxic lake water as an important contributor to methane emission
Authors: Günthel Marco , Klawonn Isabell , Woodhouse Jason , Bižić Mina , Ionescu Danny , Ganzert Lars , Kümmel Steffen , Nijenhuis Ivonne , Zoccarato Luca , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Tang Kam W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent discovery of methane (CH4) production in oxic waters challenges the conventional understanding of strict anoxic requirement for biological CH4 production. High‐resolution field measurements in Lake Stechlin, as well as incubation experiments, suggested that oxic‐water CH4 production occurred throughout much of the water column and was associated with phytoplankton especially diatoms, cyanobacteria, green algae, and cryptophytes. In situ concentrations and δ13C values of CH4 in oxic water were negatively correlated with soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations. Using 13C‐labeling techniques, we showed that bicarbonate was converted to CH4, and the production exceeded oxidation at day, but was comparable at night. These experimental data, along with complementary field observations, indicate a clear link between photosynthesis and the CH4 production‐consumption balance in phosphorus‐limited epilimnic waters. Comparison between surface CH4 emission data and experimental CH4 production rates suggested that the oxic CH4 source significantly contributed to surface emission in Lake Stechlin. These findings call for re‐examination of the aquatic CH4 cycle and climate predictions.
Improvements on Sawyer type estimates for generalized maximal functions
Authors: Berra Fabio , Carena Marilina , Pradolini Gladis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper we prove mixed inequalities for the maximal operator , for general Young functions Φ with certain additional properties, improving and generalizing some previous estimates for the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator proved by E. Sawyer. We show that given , if are weights belonging to the A1‐Muckenhoupt class and Φ is a Young function as above, then the inequality
holds for every positive t.A motivation for studying these type of estimates is to find an alternative way to prove the boundedness properties of . Moreover, it is well‐known that for the particular case with these maximal functions control, in some sense, certain operators in harmonic analysis.
Existence of multiple solutions of Schrödinger‐Kirchhoff‐type equations involving the p(.) ‐Laplacian in ℝN
Authors: Ayazoglu (Mashiyev) Rabil , Akbulut Sezgin , Akkoyunlu Ebubekir 
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we prove the existence of multiple solutions for the nonhomogeneous Schrödinger‐Kirchhoff‐type problem involving the p(.)‐Laplacian

where b≥0 is a constant, N ≥2, Δp(.)u:=div(|∇u|p(.)−2∇u) is the p(.)‐Laplacian operator,
is Lipschitz continuous,
is a coercive type potential,
and
functions verifying suitable conditions. We propose different assumptions on the nonlinear term
to yield bounded Palais‐Smale sequences and then prove that the special sequences we found converge to critical points, respectively. The solutions are obtained by the Mountain Pass Theorem, Ekeland variational principle, and Krasnoselskii genus theory.
Weight‐related lifestyle behaviours and the COVID‐19 crisis: An online survey study of UK adults during social lockdown
Authors: Robinson Eric , Gillespie Steven , Jones Andrew 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe COVID‐19 crisis is likely to have had wide‐ranging consequences on lifestyle behaviours and may have affected weight management. The objective of the present study was to examine perceptions of how weight‐related lifestyle changed in social lockdown among UK adults compared with before the emergence of the COVID‐19 crisis.MethodsAs part of an online cross‐sectional survey conducted during social lockdown in the United Kingdom, 723 UK adults reported on the extent to which their eating (healthiness of diet, frequency of bingeing on food), physical activity, sleep and alcohol consumption had changed since the emergence of the COVID‐19 crisis and completed measures of current psychological well‐being.ResultsAlthough both improvements and declines in weight gain protective behaviours were reported, 79% of participants reported a decline in one or more weight gain protective behaviours. Both participants with a diagnosis of psychiatric illness or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30) were most likely to report declines in weight gain protective behaviours and show an overall profile of weight management behaviours worsening. Participants experiencing high levels of stress also reported reductions in more weight gain protective behaviours.ConclusionsLifestyle behaviours associated with weight gain are likely to have been affected by the COVID‐19 crisis. Reductions to the perceived frequency by which people engage in behaviours usually associated with successful weight management appear to be common, and people living with obesity and mental health problems may be at increased risk.
Levers and leverage points for pathways to sustainability
Authors: Chan Kai M. A. , Boyd David R. , Gould Rachelle K. , Jetzkowitz Jens , Liu Jianguo , Muraca Barbara , Naidoo Robin , Olmsted Paige , Satterfield Terre , Selomane Odirilwe , Singh Gerald G. , Sumaila Rashid , Ngo Hien T. , Boedhihartono Agni Klintuni , Agard John , de Aguiar Ana Paula D. , Armenteras Dolors , Balint Lenke , Barrington‐Leigh Christopher , Cheung William W. L. , Díaz Sandra , Driscoll John , Esler Karen , Eyster Harold , Gregr Edward J. , Hashimoto Shizuka , Hernández Pedraza Gladys Cecilia , Hickler Thomas , Kok Marcel , Lazarova Tanya , Mohamed Assem A. A. , Murray‐Hudson Mike , O'Farrell Patrick , Palomo Ignacio , Saysel Ali Kerem , Seppelt Ralf , Settele Josef , Strassburg Bernardo , Xue Dayuan , Brondízio Eduardo S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Humanity is on a deeply unsustainable trajectory. We are exceeding planetary boundaries and unlikely to meet many international sustainable development goals and global environmental targets. Until recently, there was no broadly accepted framework of interventions that could ignite the transformations needed to achieve these desired targets and goals.

As a component of the IPBES Global Assessment, we conducted an iterative expert deliberation process with an extensive review of scenarios and pathways to sustainability, including the broader literature on indirect drivers, social change and sustainability transformation. We asked, what are the most important elements of pathways to sustainability?

Applying a social–ecological systems lens, we identified eight priority points for intervention (leverage points) and five overarching strategic actions and priority interventions (levers), which appear to be key to societal transformation. The eight leverage points are: (1) Visions of a good life, (2) Total consumption and waste, (3) Latent values of responsibility, (4) Inequalities, (5) Justice and inclusion in conservation, (6) Externalities from trade and other telecouplings, (7) Responsible technology, innovation and investment, and (8) Education and knowledge generation and sharing. The five intertwined levers can be applied across the eight leverage points and more broadly. These include: (A) Incentives and capacity building, (B) Coordination across sectors and jurisdictions, (C) Pre‐emptive action, (D) Adaptive decision‐making and (E) Environmental law and implementation. The levers and leverage points are all non‐substitutable, and each enables others, likely leading to synergistic benefits.

Transformative change towards sustainable pathways requires more than a simple scaling‐up of sustainability initiatives—it entails addressing these levers and leverage points to change the fabric of legal, political, economic and other social systems. These levers and leverage points build upon those approved within the Global Assessment's Summary for Policymakers, with the aim of enabling leaders in government, business, civil society and academia to spark transformative changes towards a more just and sustainable world.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Incidence and treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in hospitalized children with Ehrlichia infection
Authors: Cabler Stephanie S. , Hogan Patrick G. , Fritz Stephanie A. , Bednarski Jeffrey J. , Hunstad David A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a large cohort of pediatric patients with human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), enabling an estimated incidence of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in hospitalized children with HME. Among 49 children with PCR‐confirmed Ehrlichia infection, 8 (16%) met current criteria for HLH. Those with HLH had more significant hematologic abnormalities and longer durations from symptom onset to admission and definitive anti‐infective therapy. Among these eight, three received chemotherapy plus doxycycline, one of whom died; the other five were treated with doxycycline without chemotherapy, and all survived without HLH recurrence. Our findings demonstrate that antimicrobial therapy alone can successfully resolve Ehrlichia‐associated HLH.
Interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy) achieves very good long‐term quality of life in children and adolescents with soft‐tissue sarcoma
Authors: Sütterlin Anna Lotte , Demmert Martin , Kovács György , Claviez Alexander , Schulz Christian , Lauten Melchior 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEffective local therapy (surgery, radiation) and systemic multidrug chemotherapy are mandatory for curing childhood sarcoma. The standard radiation therapy for pediatric patients with soft‐tissue sarcoma (STS) is external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Because EBRT may cause long‐term side effects with adverse effects on the patients’ health and quality of life (QoL), alternative strategies are required. Interventional radiotherapy (IRT; brachytherapy) is established as a standard treatment for several tumors in adulthood. Single‐center series have reported low levels of late effects and improved QoL in survivors treated with IRT in childhood. However, IRT is still applied infrequently in pediatric patients.MethodsThirty patients with STS were treated with IRT between 1992 and 2012 at the University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Germany. Five patients were lost to follow‐up, and 25 patients (mean age at time of data collection 24.8 years [range, 10.7‐36.1]) could be analyzed focusing on overall survival and QoL (EORTC‐C30 questionnaire). For more detailed information regarding general and health‐specific questions, a separate questionnaire was developed.ResultsNineteen of 25 patients were alive 13.4 [1.6‐25.2] years after first cancer disease, and the three‐year overall survival was 76% (SE, 0.09). The score of QoL/global health status (76.2 [16.6‐100]) in our patients outvalues the European (66.1) and equals the German (75.9) reference value.ConclusionIRT is an effective treatment option for pediatric patients with localized STS. Its role among other radiation dose‐sparing techniques such as proton beam therapy has to be defined in prospective studies.
Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver: Multicenter international experience of the Cooperative Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma Group and Polish Paediatric Solid Tumor Group
Authors: Murawski Maciej , Scheer Monika , Leuschner Ivo , Stefanowicz Joanna , Bonar Jolanta , Dembowska‐Bagińska Bożenna , Kaliciński Piotr , Koscielniak Ewa , Czauderna Piotr , Fuchs Jörg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundUndifferentiated embryonal sarcomas of the liver (UESL) are extremely rare and continue to pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of the study was to present a multicenter experience of the German CWS and Polish PPSTG groups in the treatment of UESL in children.ProcedureTwenty‐five patients were treated according to the CWS‐96, CWS‐2002, and CYVADIC protocols. Distant metastases were observed in four cases (16%). In four cases, an initial disease presentation mimicked other entities. A pure cystic appearance of liver mass led to misdiagnosis of hydatid cyst in three cases. In one case, laparotomy was performed due to the signs of appendicitis, and bleeding from ruptured liver tumor was found. All these patients were finally diagnosed as UESL.ResultsThirteen patients received preoperative chemotherapy. Partial response was observed in 10 cases. Tumor resection was performed in 20 patients (primary resections, 12; delayed resections–, 8). In five patients, the primary tumor never became operable. The macroscopically complete resection rate was 95% (19/20). Postoperative chemotherapy was given to 20 children. Local radiotherapy was used in three children. After a median follow‐up time of 136 months, 17 patients (68%) were alive with no evidence of disease. All children with unresectable tumor and three out of four patients with distant metastases died. The five‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 72%.ConclusionsIn summary, a complete tumor excision plays the central role in the treatment of UESL. A cystic presentation of the liver lesion on imaging does not exclude the diagnosis of malignant tumor.
The state of the science for communication training in pediatric oncology: A systematic review
Authors: Kaye Erica C. , Cannone Daniel , Snaman Jennifer M. , Baker Justin N. , Spraker‐Perlman Holly 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWithin the field of pediatric oncology, communication skills training (CST) has been recognized as a high priority by professional and accrediting organizations. However, the effectiveness of formalized CST interventions for pediatric oncology providers remains poorly understood. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycInfo for original research articles assessing the effectiveness and quality of CST interventions targeting pediatric oncology clinicians. From 971 deduplicated references, eight articles representing six communication interventions were eligible for inclusion. This review summarizes the existing literature with respect to CST content, intervention methodology, targeted outcome metrics, measurement tools, short‐term and sustained benefits, design biases, and availability of materials to allow for reproduction of interventions. Ultimately, studies on CST in pediatric oncology are few, heterogeneous, and lacking in standardized outcome metrics; however, synthesis of the available literature suggests feasibility and effectiveness. Increased scientific rigor is needed, and specific recommendations to advance the field are described.
Analysis of plant secondary metabolism using stable isotope‐labelled precursors
Authors: Arroo Randolph R.J. , Bhambra Avninder S. , Hano Christophe , Renda Gülin , Ruparelia Ketan C. , Wang Meng F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionAnalysis of biochemical pathways typically involves feeding a labelled precursor to an organism, and then monitoring the metabolic fate of the label. Initial studies used radioisotopes as a label and then monitored radioactivity in the metabolic products. As analytical equipment improved and became more widely available, preference shifted the use stable ‘heavy’ isotopes like deuterium (2H)‐, carbon‐13 (13C)‐ and nitrogen‐15 (15N)‐atoms as labels. Incorporation of the labels could be monitored by mass spectrometry (MS), as part of a hyphenated tool kits, e.g. Liquid chromatography (LC)–MS, gas chromatography (GC)–MS, LC–MS/MS. MS offers great sensitivity but the exact location of an isotope label in a given metabolite cannot always be unambiguously established. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can also be used to pick up signals of stable isotopes, and can give information on the precise location of incorporated label in the metabolites. However, the detection limit for NMR is quite a bit higher than that for MS.ObjectivesA number of experiments involving feeding stable isotope‐labelled precursors followed by NMR analysis of the metabolites is presented. The aim is to highlight the use of NMR analysis in identifying the precise fate of isotope labels after precursor feeding experiments. As more powerful NMR equipment becomes available, applications as described in this review may become more commonplace in pathway analysis.Conclusion and ProspectsNMR is a widely accepted tool for chemical structure elucidation and is now increasingly used in metabolomic studies. In addition, NMR, combined with stable isotope feeding, should be considered as a tool for metabolic flux analyses.
Effects of Co‐administration of Sulfonylureas and Antimicrobial Drugs on Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using a Case‐Crossover Design
Authors: Lee Sera , Ock Miyoung , Kim Hun‐Sung , Kim Hyunah 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfonylureas (SUs) and antimicrobial co‐administration on hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsWe conducted a case‐crossover study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service‐National Inpatient Sample database, using data from 2014 to 2016. Hospitalized adult patients with T2DM who were diagnosed with hypoglycemia and prescribed SUs for at least 120 days were included. Different risk ratings of severity of drug–drug interactions were considered, including “level X, D, or C” in Lexi‐Interact online and “contraindicated, major, or moderate” in Micromedex. Exposure to antimicrobials in the 30‐day period before the first hypoglycemia diagnosis was assessed. Two control periods (61–90 and 91–120 days) were matched before the diagnosis date. Conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare the odds of antimicrobial exposure.ResultsA total of 9339 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 71.3 ± 10.6 years, and 4818 (51.6%) were women. An increased risk of hypoglycemia was associated with co‐administration of SUs and certain antimicrobials (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34–2.80). The antimicrobial agents that were associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia, when co‐administered with SUs, were sulfonamides (aOR 2.99, 95% CI 1.99–4.52), fluoroquinolones (aOR 2.62, 95% CI 2.38–2.89), macrolides (aOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.88–3.27), and tetracyclines (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.05–2.33).ConclusionsCo‐administration with SUs and certain antimicrobials increased the risk of hypoglycemia. Thus, clinically relevant interactions in patients concurrently using SUs and antimicrobials should be monitored, especially within 30 days after co‐administration.
Element content and distribution has limited, tolerance metric dependent, impact on salinity tolerance in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Authors: Temme Andries A. , Burns Victoria A. , Donovan Lisa A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDisruption of ion homeostasis is a major component of salinity stress's effect on crop yield. In cultivated sunflower prior work revealed a negative relationship between vigor and salinity tolerance. Here, we determined the association of elemental content/distribution traits with salinity tolerance, both with and without taking vigor (biomass in control treatment) into account. We grew seedlings of 12Helianthus annuusgenotypes in two treatments (0, 100 mM NaCl). Plants were measured for biomass (+allocation), and element content (Na, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B, Mn, Cu, Zn) in leaves (young and mature), stem, and roots. Genotype tolerance was assessed as both proportional decline of biomass and as expectation deviation (deviation from the observed relationship between vigor and proportional decline in biomass). Genotype rankings on these metrics were not the same. Elemental content and allocation/distribution were highly correlated both at the plant and organ level. Suggestive associations between tolerance and elemental traits were fewer and weaker than expected and differed by tolerance metric. Given the highly correlated nature of elemental content, it remains difficult to pinpoint specific traits underpinning tolerance. Results do show that taking vigor into account is important when seeking to determining traits that can be targeted to increase tolerance independent of vigor, and that the multivariate nature of associated traits should additionally be considered.