bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of hydrothermal fluids in sedimentation in saline alkaline lakes: Evidence from Nasikie Engida, Kenya Rift Valley
Authors: Renaut Robin W. , Owen R. Bernhart , Lowenstein Tim K. , De Cort Gijs , Mcnulty Emma , Scott Jennifer J. , Mbuthia Anthony 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSaline alkaline lakes that precipitate sodium carbonate evaporites are most common in volcanic terrains in semi‐arid environments. Processes that lead to trona precipitation are poorly understood compared to those in sulphate‐dominated and chloride‐dominated lake brines. Nasikie Engida (Little Magadi) in the southern Kenya Rift shows the initial stages of soda evaporite formation. This small shallow (<2 m deep; 7 km long) lake is recharged by alkaline hot springs and seasonal runoff but unlike neighbouring Lake Magadi is perennial. This study aims to understand modern sedimentary and geochemical processes in Nasikie Engida and to assess the importance of geothermal fluids in evaporite formation. Perennial hot‐spring inflow waters along the northern shoreline evaporate and become saturated with respect to nahcolite and trona, which precipitate in the southern part of the lake, up to 6 km from the hot springs. Nahcolite (NaHCO3) forms bladed crystals that nucleate on the lake floor. Trona (Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O) precipitates from more concentrated brines as rafts and as bottom‐nucleated shrubs of acicular crystals that coalesce laterally to form bedded trona. Many processes modify the fluid composition as it evolves. Silica is removed as gels and by early diagenetic reactions and diatoms. Sulphate is depleted by bacterial reduction. Potassium and chloride, of moderate concentration, remain conservative in the brine. Clastic sedimentation is relatively minor because of the predominant hydrothermal inflow. Nahcolite precipitates when and where pCO2 is high, notably near sublacustrine spring discharge. Results from Nasikie Engida show that hot spring discharge has maintained the lake for at least 2 kyr, and that the evaporite formation is strongly influenced by local discharge of carbon dioxide. Brine evolution and evaporite deposition at Nasikie Engida help to explain conditions under which ancient sodium carbonate evaporites formed, including those in other East African rift basins, the Eocene Green River Formation (western USA), and elsewhere.
Regional variations of childhood immunisations in Senegal: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Cortaredona Sébastien , Diop Rokhaya , Seror Valérie , Sagaon‐Teyssier Luis , Peretti‐Watel Patrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate geographical variations of child immunisation at the regional level in Senegal, to identify individual and contextual factors that could explain these regional discrepancies, and to measure their effects.MethodsData come from the 2015, 2016 and 2017 Senegalese Demographic and Health Survey, a national survey targeting women aged 15–49, with a questionnaire focusing on health and reproductive issues including their children’s immunisation status. We restricted the analysis to children aged 12–23 months (n = 4955) and conducted a multilevel logistic regression to assess individual and contextual factors associated with complete immunisation coverage.ResultsThe complete immunisation coverage rate of children was estimated at 68% and ranged from 41% in the region of Kedougou to 83% in the region of Dakar. The inter‐regional variance was significantly different from zero (P = 0.006) in the empty multilevel model. It decreased by more than half (57 %) after adjusting for individual factors but remained significantly different from zero (P = 0.010). Regional variations of complete immunisation rates drastically decreased and were no longer statistically significant (P = 0.343) after adjusting for the following regional factors: population density, density of hospitals, literacy rate and proportion of health facilities with an antenatal care service.ConclusionsRegarding health policies designed to improve childhood immunisation and to reduce related inequalities, our results highlight the need to take into account both individual and contextual factors, with a focus on rural and deprived areas where children are at higher risk of incomplete immunisation.
Using minimum inhibitory concentration values of common topical antibiotics to investigate emerging antibiotic resistance: A retrospective study of 134 dogs and 20 horses with ulcerative keratitis
Authors: Jinks Maggie R. , Miller Eric J. , Diaz‐Campos Dubraska , Mollenkopf Dixie F. , Newbold Georgina , Gemensky‐Metzler Anne , Chandler Heather L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution for commonly used topical antibiotics from isolates of dogs and horses with ulcerative bacterial keratitis, and to investigate changes in MIC values over time and following treatment with topical fluoroquinolones.Animals studiedOne hundred thirty‐four client‐owned dogs and 20 client‐owned horses with bacterial ulcerative keratitis.ProcedureMinimum inhibitory concentration values for 14 topical antibiotics were reported for canine and equine cases of bacterial ulcerative keratitis between 2013 and 2018. Changes in MIC values over time and after treatment with topical fluoroquinolones were reported.ResultsThe three most common bacterial genera isolated were Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas. Together, these represented 79.4% of canine cases and 77.4% of equine cases. Overall, isolates from horses tended to have lower MIC values, as did Pseudomonas isolates from both dogs and horses, compared to other bacterial genera, especially Staphylococcus spp. The MIC values of erythromycin and trimethoprim sulfa for Staphylococcus spp., and the MIC value of moxifloxacin for Pseudomonas significantly increased over time. Previous topical fluoroquinolone use was associated with a significant increase in the MIC value of ofloxacin in canine and equine Staphylococcus isolates and current topical fluoroquinolone use was associated with significant increases in the MIC values of ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin in canine Staphylococcus isolates.ConclusionPatients previously or currently treated with topical fluoroquinolones, particularly in Staphylococcus infections, may require alternative antibiotics or additional antibiotic classes other than fluoroquinolones. Bacterial culture with MIC susceptibility testing should be highly recommended when a Staphylococcal infection is suspected.
The independence polynomial of inverse commuting graph of dihedral groups
Authors: Suleiman Aliyu , Kiri Aliyu Ibrahim 
Published: July 2020

Set of vertices not joined by an edge in a graph is called the independent set of the graph. The independence polynomial of a graph is a polynomial whose coefficient is the number of independent sets in the graph. In this research, we introduce and investigate the inverse commuting graph of dihedral groups (D2N) denoted by GIC. It is a graph whose vertex set consists of the non-central elements of the group and for distinct x,y, E D2N, x and y are adjacent if and only if xy = yx = 1 where 1 is the identity element. The independence polynomials of the inverse commuting graph for dihedral groups are also computed. A formula for obtaining such polynomials without getting the independent sets is also found, which was used to compute for dihedral groups of order 18 up to 32.
Structure, physical properties, and flame retardancy of POE/NR/EG blend foams: Effect of crosslinking
Authors: Sawangpe Karnjana , Walong Alif , Kaesaman Azizon , Thongnuanchan Bencha , Sakai Tadamoto , Lopattananon Natinee 
Published: July 2020

Elastomeric foams were produced by melt-mixing of polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE), natural rubber (NR), and expandable graphite (EG) in an internal mixer. The blend was later foamed by compression-molding method. EG was used as a filler to enhance flame retardancy of the blend foams. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as curative to crosslink the blend foams. The influence of DCP content (0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0 part(s) by weight, pbw) on rheological properties, structure, density, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and flame retardancy of the POE/NR/EG blend foams was investigated. The rheological analysis showed that the melt strength/viscosity of the POE/NR/EG blend foams increased with more DCP addition due to promoted crosslinking in the blend foams. The cellular structural observation by SEM technique revealed that the POE/NR/EG blend foams had close-cell structure. Increasing DCP content, the blend foams had smaller cell and narrower cell size distribution. The degree of porosity, however, was highest for the foamed blends added with 0.7 pbw DCP, which brought about the lowest thermal conductivity. Furthermore, it was found that the density, tensile strength, elastomeric recovery, and compressive strength increased with increasing content of DCP, but the elongation at break decreased. The POE/NR/EG blend foams reached the horizontal burning level of HF-1, and their oxygen index increased in accordance with an increase of DCP content. The results indicated that an appropriate use of DCP was critical for the crosslinked POE/NR/EG blend foams with optimum cellular structure, providing the best improvement in thermal insulation properties and good flame retardancy.
Hubungan Antara Keterlibatan Ibu Bapa dalam Program Amali Solat di Sekolah Agama Kerajaan Johor (Relationship between Parents’ Engagement in Solat Practical Programme in Religious Schools of Johor)
Authors: Shahri Mohd Hidris , Safar Ajmain , Parman Mazlina 
Published: July 2020

For the past 50 years, the Johor state government through the Religious Education Division has been implementing an integrated solat (prayer) programme in the Johor State Government Religious Schools curriculum. Being the social investments in the spiritual development of Muslim students in Johor this program needs an evaluation of its effectiveness on the part of the parents. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore parents' perception of the programme impact on their children, and parental involvement in the programme at the religious schools in Mersing District, Johor. A quantitative-descriptive study using questionnaire was conducted on 235 families at Endau, Mersing religious school. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS v17.0. The results show the overall effectiveness of the solat programme in the context of practice (M = 4.21). Similarly, for the solat component of recitation (M = 4.01) the level was high. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between parental involvement and the level of prayerful engagement in interaction and communication (r = 0826), whereas for parental involvement (r = 0.791). This study also provides information and preview of the parental involvement in the effectiveness of the solat programme at religious school.
Visita domiciliaria y participación de las familias en la educación
Authors: Razeto-Pavez Alicia Cristina 
Published: July 2020

ste artículo explora el proceso de visitas domiciliarias hechas a familias por parte de trabajadores sociales ubicados en las escuelas. La metodología fue cualitativa, e implicó hacer entrevistas a los trabajadores sociales y la observación de campo durante el proceso de visitas domiciliarias. Los resultados muestran que las visitas domiciliarias se utilizan principalmente en casos de ausentismo escolar y con el propósito de obtener información. De este modo, las familias se sienten más valoradas por la escuela.
Probability of Uncontrolled External Leakage During the Production Phase of a Subsea Well
Authors: Alves André L. R. , Netto T. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This work presents a methodology for evaluating the uncontrolled external leakage probability of a subsea well during the production phase. Based on a barrier diagram, an algorithm for possible leak path identification is proposed, considering different operation modes: gas lift operation, free-flowing, or well closed at the subsea Christmas tree. Considering the equivalency between these paths and the minimum cut sets from a fault tree modeling, the uncontrolled external leakage probability is calculated using the upper bound approximation. The effect of common cause failures is considered for the failure mode fail-to-close-valve. The instantaneous availability function of each component is considered. Non-repairable, repairable, and periodically tested items are used. Probability distribution parameters are estimated in order to make a case study. The failure rate functions determined are used as input for the proposed model, regarding the following failure modes: fail-to-close, external-leakage, and internal-leakage at the closed position. Finally, failure probability results and sensitivity analysis are demonstrated for a base case study. Parameters like time between tests, inspections, and component reliability are varied in order to identify the impact on the uncontrolled external leakage probability. The main objective of the proposed methodology is to support decision-making on the well integrity management system during the production phase of a subsea well. To this end, actual and reliable input data should be considered.
Estimation of Silicon Wafer Coating Thickness Using Ultrasound Generated by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Liu Peipei , Yi Kiyoon , Sohn Hoon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As one of the fastest-growing technologies over the past half century, integrated circuit (IC) packaging is getting smaller and more complex. For example, typical silicon wafers in modern IC packaging have thicknesses ranging from several to tens of micrometers, and their coating layers are in the range of a few nanometers. Because the silicon wafer is the main substrate in IC packaging, it is important to accurately measure the geometry of a silicon wafer, especially its coating thickness, for process monitoring and quality control. In this study, an ultrafast ultrasonic measurement system is developed using a femtosecond laser for silicon wafer coating thickness estimation. The proposed technique provides the following unique features: (1) an ultrafast ultrasonic measurement system using a femtosecond laser is developed specifically for silicon wafer coating thickness estimation; (2) the developed system can estimate the thickness of a coating layer in the range of sub-micrometer; (3) except for the wave speed in the coating material, coating thickness can be estimated without any other prior knowledge of the coating material properties or substrate characteristics such as optical constants; and (4) the thermal effects on the ultrasonic waves propagating within a thin coating layer are explicitly considered and minimized for coating thickness estimation. Using the developed system, validation tests were successfully performed on gold-coated silicon wafers with different coating thicknesses.
Health professionals donating work hours: an initiative for improving access to healthcare in Brazil: case study and initial results
Authors: Ribeiro João Paulo Nogueira , Riera Rachel 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundEven with a universal public health system, the Brazilian population faces inequalities on access to healthcare. Long queues for medical appointments, caused by lack of professionals, space and equipment, are barriers for those who cannot pay for treatments. However, health professionals working in the private sector may have free hours at their clinics which they can donate.ObjectivesWe report the implementation of a non-governmental initiative for connecting health professionals willing to volunteer and patients needing healthcare services, and present the initial results concerning access to healthcare.MethodsThe network ‘Horas da Vida’ was created in Brazil to connect health professionals and patients. We analysed the number of patients and professionals involved, specialties, visits and services provided, and economic values.ResultsIn 2016, 1748 professionals were involved with the network. 6967 services were provided (1831 consultations) to 1974 patients, most of whom were unemployed and with low income, and 20% were illiterate. Medical, dental, nutritional, physical therapy or psychological consults, simple therapeutic procedures, eyeglasses, and educational services were provided by psychologists (29%), dentists (6%), nutritionists (5%) and physical therapists (5%). Only 5% of physicians were general practitioners. We calculated the cost of care at R$985 979.21 in 2016 (or US$314 446.74 on 18 September 2017).ConclusionsThe Horas da Vida network made it easy to organise a schedule and identify free hours in the clinics that could be used for volunteering and for providing health assistance to a large number of socially deprived and economically vulnerable patients.
Association between breed and renal biomarkers of glomerular filtration rate in dogs
Authors: Coyne Michael , Szlosek Donald , Clements Celeste , McCrann Donald , Olavessen Lauren 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundKidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD), is common in older dogs. The biomarkers symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine (Cr) are indicators of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This retrospective study used these biomarkers to identify groups at risk of decreased GFR at the breed level.MethodsData from dogs with a single serum chemistry result that included Cr and SDMA submitted between July 2015 through December 2017 were included. Dogs were identified by breed and age group. Decreased GFR was defined as Cr above 1.9 mg/dl or SDMA above 18 µg/dl.ResultsFourteen breeds had a significantly higher percentage of dogs with increased SDMA or Cr for one or more age groups. Geriatric and senior Shetland sheepdogs, Yorkshire terriers and Pomeranians were significantly more likely to have increased renal biomarkers. Boxers were identified with significantly increased renal biomarkers in the age groups spanning two months to 10 years of age.ConclusionEvidence of decreased GFR occurred commonly in older dogs of most breeds, especially geriatric dogs greater than 10 years of age, but there were some exceptions, with more significant changes affecting younger animals of several breeds. The combination of SDMA and Cr identified more cases of decreased GFR than either SDMA or Cr alone.
Exploring Supersymmetric CP Violation after LHC Run 2 with Electric Dipole Moments and B Observables
Authors: Arbey A. , Ellis J. , Mahmoudi F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider the prospects for measuring distinctive signatures of the CP-violating phases in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM) in light of the limits on sparticle masses from searches at the LHC. We use the code to evaluate model predictions and scan the parameter space using a geometric approach that maximizes CP-violating observables subject to the current upper limits on electric dipole moments (EDMs). We focus on the possible CP-violating asymmetry $$A_{\mathrm{CP}}$$ACP in $$b \rightarrow s \gamma $$b→sγ decay and on a possible CP-violating contribution to the $$B_s - {\overline{B}}_s$$Bs-B¯s mass difference $$\Delta M^{NP}_{B_s}$$ΔMBsNP, as well as future measurements of the EDMs of the proton, neutron and electron. We find that the current LHC and EDM limits are consistent with values of $$A_{\mathrm{CP}}$$ACP, $$\Delta M^{NP}_{B_s}$$ΔMBsNP and the proton EDM that are measurable with the Belle-II detector, LHCb and a proposed measurement of the proton EDM using a storage ring, respectively. Measurement of a non-zero proton EDM would constrain $$A_{\mathrm{CP}}$$ACP significantly, but it and a CP-violating contribution to $$\Delta M^{NP}_{B_s}$$ΔMBsNP could still be measurable, along with neutron and electron EDMs. A more accurate measurement of $$A_{\mathrm{CP}}$$ACP with the current central value would favour stop and chargino masses within reach of future LHC runs as well as a potentially measurable value of $$\Delta M^{NP}_{B_s}$$ΔMBsNP.
Autocorrelation values of quaternary cyclotomic sequence of length 2pm
Authors: Liu Huaning , Chen Xiaolin 
Published: July 2020

We completely determine the autocorrelations of the quaternary cyclotomic sequences over [Formula: see text] of length [Formula: see text] presented in [P. Ke and S. Zhang, New classes of quaternary cyclotomic sequence of length [Formula: see text] with high linear complexity, Inf. Process. Lett. 112 (2012) 646–650] in general without the restrictions about [Formula: see text].
A Genetic Screen to Identify Gain- and Loss-of-Function Modifications that Enhance T-cell Infiltration into Tumors
Authors: Rogers Laura M. , Wang Zhaoming , Mott Sarah L. , Dupuy Adam J. , Weiner George J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
T-cell–mediated cancer immunotherapies, including anti–PD-1 and T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells), are becoming standard treatments for many cancer types. CAR-T therapy, in particular, has been successful in treating circulating, but not solid, tumors. One challenge limiting immunotherapy success is that tumors lacking T-cell infiltration do not respond to treatment. Therefore, one potential strategy to overcome resistance is to enhance the ability of T cells to traffic into tumors. Here, we describe an unbiased in vivo genetic screen approach utilizing the Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis system to identify candidate genes in T cells that might be modified to drive intratumoral T-cell accumulation. This screen identified over 400 candidate genes in three tumor models. These results indicated substantial variation in gene candidate selection, depending on the tumor model and whether or not mice were treated with anti–PD-1, yet some candidate genes were identified in all tumor models and with anti–PD-1 therapy. Inhibition of the most frequently mutated gene, Aak1, affected chemokine receptor expression and enhanced T-cell trafficking in vitro and in vivo. Screen candidates should be further validated as therapeutic targets, with particular relevance to enhancing infiltration of adoptively transferred T cells into solid tumors.
Possibilidades e (in)viabilidades do espanhol na educação básica: as leis da metade
Authors: Carvalho Fernanda Peçanha 
Published: July 2020

Problematizamos neste artigo dois conjuntos de discursividades: os sistemas de enunciabilidade tanto da possibilidade quanto da (in)viabilidade do ensino-aprendizado de espanhol. Nosso corpus está constituído pela textualidade da Lei nº 11.161/2005, Resolução nº 2.742/2015, Lei nº 13.415/2017 e por dizeres de professores de espanhol. Sob o paradigma discursivo-psicanalítico, a partir do viés interpretativista, acionamos a vertente francesa da Análise do Discurso com atravessamento da psicanálise e em diálogo com as Ciências Sociais (Pêcheux, 2008; Foucault, 2003, 2013). Desse modo, depreendemos os efeitos de sentido das discursividades das leis e as representações dos dizeres dos sujeitos-professores acerca desses dispositivos. Concluímos que a enunciabilidade da possibilidade ressignificou os conflitos decorrentes do processo de textualização da Lei do Espanhol. E que os dizeres da (in)viabilidade agravam assimetrias, reproduzem e legitimam desigualdades sociais, reduzindo as perspectivas de uma educação linguística plural nas escolas brasileiras.