bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct clinicopathological differences between early gastric cardiac and non-cardiac carcinomas: A single-center retrospective study of 329 radical resection cases
Authors: wang yaohui , Li Xiu Qing , Gao Li Li , Wang Chen Xi , Zhang Yi Fen , Huang Qin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Early gastric carcinoma is heterogeneous and can be divided into early gastric cardiac carcinoma (EGCC) and early gastric non-cardiac carcinoma (EGNCC)groups. At present, differences in clinicopathology remains obscure between EGCC and EGNCC fundus-corpus and antrum-angularis-pylorus subgroups, especially between EGCC with and without oesophageal invasion. Methods: In this study, we studied 329 consecutive early gastric carcinoma radical gastrectomies with 70 EGCCs and 259 EGNCCs. Results: Compared to the EGNCC antrum-angularis-pylorus (n=181), but not fundus-corpus (n=78), sub-group, EGCC showed significantly older age, lower prevalence of the grossly depressed pattern, better tumor differentiation, higher percentage of tubular/papillary adenocarcinoma, but lower frequency of mixed poorly cohesive carcinoma with tubular/papillary adenocarcinoma, and absence of lymph node metastasis (LNM)in tumors with invasion up to superficial submucosa (SM1). In contrast, pure poorly cohesive carcinoma was less frequently seen in EGCCs than in EGNCCs, but mixed poorly cohesive carcinoma with tubular/papillary adenocarcinomas was significantly more common in the EGNCC antrum-angularis-pylorus sub-group than in any other group. No significant differences were found between EGCC and EGNCC sub-groups in gender, tumor size, H. pylori infection rate, and lymphovascular/perineural invasion. EGCC with oesophageal invasion (n=22), compared to EGCC without (n=48), showed no significant differences in the H. pylori infection rate and oesophageal columnar, intestinal, or pancreatic metaplasia, except for a higher percentage of the former in size > 2 cm and tubular differentiation. Conclusions: There exist distinct clinicopathologic differencesbetween EGCC and EGNCC sub-groups; EGCC was indeed of gastric origin. Further investigations with larger samples are needed to validate these findings.
Salutary factors explaining why hospital nurses remain in work and the profession
Authors: Nunstedt Håkan , Eriksson Monica , Obeid Ayman , Hillström Lisbeth , Truong Anh , Pennbrant Sandra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: There is extensive research on how nurses experience their working conditions and environment; this research reveals high job stress, job dissatisfaction and intention to leave the workplace.Objective: The objective is to explore and describe factors explaining why hospital nurses remain in work and the profession.Methods: The salutogenic theory was used as a basis for the interview guide, which contained semi-structured, open-ended questions covering factors important to explaining why nurses remain in work and the profession. Data collection took place from March to June 2018. Individual interviews with 12 nurses working in a hospital in western Sweden were conducted. The data were analyzed using content analysis; additionally, sense of coherence (and its three dimensions: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) was used as a tool to structure analyses of the qualitative data.Results: The following factors emerged from the analysis: having fun at work, being acknowledged, feeling togetherness in the team, having varying tasks with a manageable workload, good interaction between colleagues and patients, doing good work, feeling committed to and pride in the professional role, and having a balance between work and leisure time.Conclusions: One precondition of improving nurses’ health and well-being was having clear leadership. Another precondition was having a sense of coherence in relation to both the working group and the organization. Experiencing job satisfaction and being acknowledged for one’s good work were important; acknowledgement was received not only from patients, but also from colleagues, other professionals and the nurse manager. In this way, the nurses felt acknowledged and could create a sense of meaningfulness, manageability and comprehensibility in their work.
Evaluation of the risk factors of dental caries in children with very low birth weight and normal birth weight
Authors: Koberova Romana , Radochova Vladimira , Zemankova Jana , Ryskova Lenka , Broukal Zdeněk , Merglova Vlasta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Health problems of premature infants can affect both general and oral health. The enamel defects, poor dietary and oral hygiene habits may predispose these children to dental caries.Aim To assess the impact of very low birth weight and prematurity on caries risk in early childhood.Design The study cohort consists from 189 of one year old infants. Anamnestic data were obtained from hospital records, feeding practice, bed-time sugar drinks and oral hygiene onset from questionnaires. Saliva samples of children and their mothers were collected for the detection of cariogenic pathogens. Results VLBW newborns had significantly shorter gestation age (29.6 vs. 38.8)) and lower mean birthweight (1124g vs 3315g) compared to NBW ones (p<0.0001). Statistical significance has been found in the presence of early morbidity (p<0.0001) and regular medication intake (p=0.007). VLBW children got more frequently sweetened drinks during the day and night (p=0.007). Regular oral hygiene practice was more frequent in full term group (p=0.002). There was statistical difference in the presence of enamel hypoplasia in VLBW children (p=0.033) but no statistical difference in the presence of hypomineralization (p=0.0736) in comparison to NBW individuals. Proportional representation and count of S. mutans did not reveal statistical difference neither in both groups of children (p=0.484) nor in both groups of mothers (p=0.385). Conclusions The study confirmed anamnestic and medical differences between both groups. The proportional representation and count of S. mutans did not reveal statistical difference neither in VLBW and NBW children, nor in their mothers.
Prevalence and associated factors of suicidality in Japanese adolescents: results from a population-based questionnaire survey
Authors: Nagamitsu Shinichiro , Mimaki Masakazu , Koyanagi Kenshi , Tokita Natsuko , Kobayashi Yoriko , Hattori Ritsuko , Ishii Ryuta , Matsuoka Michiko , Yamashita Yushiro , Yamagata Zentaro , Igarashi Takashi , Croarkin Paul E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Suicide is the leading cause of death among Japanese adolescents. However, knowledge gaps regarding contemporary demographics and factors associated with suicidality among Japanese adolescents are a major concern. This study examined the prevalence of suicidality among Japanese adolescents and investigated associated factors. Methods: A population-based questionnaire survey investigating general health was administered to 22,419 adolescents aged 13–18 years. The 29-item questionnaire covered emotional status, family function, cyberbullying, suicidality, and stressors (e.g., relationships with parents/friends, school performance, and sexual identity). We conducted multiple logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with suicidality in this population. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 21.6% in males and 28.5% in females, and that of attempted suicide was 3.5% in males and 6.6% and in females. Bullying and stress related to family relationships had the strongest associations with suicidality. Exposure to cyberbullying had the highest odds ratio for both junior high (3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1–4.4) and high school students (3.6, 95% CI 2.5–5.3). Other factors significantly associated with suicidality were sex, emotional status, and stress about relationships with friends, sexual identity, school records, and academic course. Adolescents accessed a variety of resources to cope with stressors, with the Internet being the most common resource consulted. Conclusions: Suicidality is commonly experienced among Japanese adolescents. Although there are many associated risk factors, cyberbullying is of particular concern. Recognition of factors associated with adolescent suicidality will inform further research and suicide prevention efforts for healthcare providers and families.
Exploring Determinants of Hand Hygiene among Hospital nurses: a qualitative study
Authors: Ghaffari Mohtasham , Rakhshanderou Sakineh , Safari-Moradabadi Ali , Barkati Hassan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The present research is a qualitative one aiming to determine factors affecting hand-hygiene behavior of the nursing staff in Shariati Hospital of Tehran, Iran. Methods: This was a qualitative study performed using content analysis approach. Considering the aim of the study, 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews were held with the nursing staff of Shariati Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. A convenient sampling was performed and continued until data saturation and until no new codes and categories were obtained. Data were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis based on the Graham and landsman method. Directed qualitative content analysis was done in order to analyze the data. Results: The results of this study revealed 3 main themes in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) and 8 main themes in the outside the framework (environment, perceptions, life style, morality, education, organizational culture, salience and personality). Conclusion: Due to the other factors also found in this study, an integration of theories and models for designing of interventions is recommended to increase adherence to hand hygiene behavior.
A tool to evaluate proportionality and necessity in the use of restrictive practices in forensic mental health settings: The DRILL tool (Dundrum Restriction, Intrusion and Liberty Ladders).
Authors: Kennedy Harry G , Mullaney Ronan , McKenna Paul , Thompson John , Timmons David , Gill Pauline , O'Sullivan Owen P , Braham Paul , Duffy Dearbhla , Kearns Anthony , Linehan Sally , Mohan Damian , Monks Stephen , McLoughlin Lisa , O'Connell Paul , O'Neill Conor , Wright Brenda , O'Reilly Ken , Davoren Mary 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Prevention of violence due to severe mental disorders in psychiatric hospitals may require intrusive, restrictive and coercive therapeutic practices. Research concerning appropriate use of such interventions is limited by lack of a system for description and measurement. We set out to devise and validate a tool for clinicians and secure hospitals to assess necessity and proportionality between imminent violence and restrictive practices including de-escalation, seclusion, restraint, forced medication and others. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, 28 patients on a 12 bed male admissions unit in a secure psychiatric hospital were assessed daily for six months. Data on adverse incidents were collected from case notes, incident registers and legal registers. Using the functional assessment sequence of antecedents, behaviours and consequences (A, B, C) we devised and applied a multivariate framework of structured professional assessment tools, common adverse incidents and preventive clinical interventions to develop a tool to analyse clinical practice. We validated by testing assumptions regarding the use of restrictive and intrusive practices in the prevention of violence in hospital. We aimed to provide a system for measuring contextual and individual factors contributing to adverse events and to assess whether the measured seriousness of threating and violent behaviours is proportionate to the degree of restrictive interventions used. General Estimating Equations tested preliminary models of contexts, decisions and pathways to interventions. Results: A system for measuring adverse behaviours and restrictive, intrusive interventions for prevention had good internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. Interventions were proportionate to seriousness of harmful behaviours. A ‘Pareto’ group of patients (5/28) were responsible for the majority (80%) of adverse events, outcomes and interventions. The seriousness of the precipitating events correlated with the degree of restrictions utilised to safely manage or treat such behaviours. Conclusion: Observational scales can be used for restrictive, intrusive or coercive practices in psychiatry even though these involve interrelated complex sequences of interactions. The DRILL tool has been validated to assess the necessity and demonstrate proportionality of restrictive practices. This tool will be of benefit to services when reviewing practices internally, for mandatory external reviewing bodies and for future clinical research paradigms.
Future medical student practice intentions: The South African experience
Authors: Clithero-Eridon Amy , Crandall Cameron , Ross Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary care is a broad spectrum specialty that can serve both urban and rural populations. It is important to examine the specialties students are selecting to enter, future community size they intend to practice in as well as whether they intend to remain in the communities in which they trained.Aim: The goals of this study were to characterize the background and career aspirations of medical students. Objectives were to (1) explore whether there are points in time during training that may affect career goals and (2) assess how students’ background and stated motivations for choosing medicine as a career related to intended professional practice.Setting: The setting for this study was the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, located in Durban, South Africa.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 597 NRMSM medical students in their first, fourth, or sixth-year studies during the 2017 academic year.Results: Our findings show a noticeable lack of interest in primary care, and in particular, family medicine amongst graduating students. Altruism is not as motivating a factor for practicing medicine as it was among students beginning their education.Conclusion: Selection of students into medical school should consider personal characteristics such as background and career motivation. Once students are selected, local context matters for training to sustain motivation. Selection of students most likely to practice primary care, then emphasizing family medicine and community immersion with underserved populations, can assist in building health workforce capacity. There are institutional, legislative, and market pressures influencing career choice either toward or away from primary care. In this paper, we will discuss only the institutional aspects.
The value of p16INK4a immunostaining for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in human papillomavirus–negative patients
Authors: Zhang Dai , Song Jie , Zhang Xiaosong , Bi Hui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background : This study aims to evaluate the value of p16 INK4a immunostaining for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in human papillomavirus–negative patients in Beijing, China. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the value of p16 INK4a immunostaining, as well as cytology and colposcopy, for predicting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative patients by comparing the methods with the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining pathological diagnosis of HPV-negative patients. Results: Of 122 patients negative for the high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) subtype, 26 (21.3%) underwent colposcopically directed multiple punch cervical biopsy with a H&E pathological diagnosis of HSIL and above (HSIL+), 11 patients (9.0%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2, nine patients (7.4%) had CIN3, and six patients (4.9%) had infiltrating carcinoma. Cytology, colposcopy, and p16 INK4a immunostaining had 52.4%, 38.5%, and 92.3% sensitivity, respectively, and 76.2%, 94.8%, and 99% specificity, respectively. The positive predictive value of cytology, colposcopy, and p16 INK4a immunostaining was 31.4%, 66.7%, and 96%, respectively, and the negative predictive value was 88.5%, 85.1%, and 97.9%, respectively. Compared with H&E staining, the kappa of cytology, colposcopy, and p16 INK4a immunostaining was 0.327, 0.323, and 0.926, respectively. Conclusion: Positive p16 INK4a immunostaining is very strongly consistent with an H&E diagnosis of CIN2+, and it can be used as an objective detection index for HSIL+ diagnosis of HPV-negative patients with CIN2+.
Construction of homologous cancer cell membrane camouflage in a nano-drug delivery system for the treatment of lymphoma
Authors: Zhao Qiangqiang , Sun Xiaoying , Wu Bin , Shang Yinghui , Huang Xueyuan , Dong Hang , Liu Haiting , Chen Wansong , GUI RONG , Li Jian 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) possesses great heterogeneity in cytogenetics, immunophenotype and clinical features, and chemotherapy currently serves as the main treatment modality. Although employing monoclonal antibod y targeted drugs has significantly improved its overall efficacy, various patients continue to suffer from drug resistance or recurrence. Chinese medicine has long been used in the treatment of malignant tumors. Therefore, we constructed a low pH value sensitivity drug delivery system based on the cancer cell membrane modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with traditional Chinese medicine, which can reduce systemic toxicity and improve the therapeutic effect for the targeted drug delivery of tumor cells. Results: Accordingly, this study put forward the construction of a nano-platform based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine isoimperatorin (ISOIM), which was camouflaged by the cancer cell membrane (CCM) called CCM@MSNs-ISOIM. The proposed nano-platform has characteristics of immune escape, anti-phagocytosis, high drug loading rate, low pH value sensitivity, good biocompatibility and active targeting of the tumor site, blocking the lymphoma cell cycle and promoting mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.Conclusions: Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical basis in finding novel clinical treatments for lymphoma.
Fabrication a controlled-release pesticide for improving UV-shielding properties and reducing toxicity via coating polydopamine
Authors: Wang Ya , Li Chaonan , Zhang Xing , Chen Wei , Zhang Ying , Li Xiaogang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In modern agriculture, controlled-release formulations (CRF) is greatly desirable for achieving valid utilization and loss reduction of pesticides. It can also alleviate the adverse effect on non-target organism. In this study, we used polydopamine (PDA) as a depositing layer, constructed pyraclostrobin@SiO 2 @polydopamine microcapsule (Pyr@SiO 2 @PDA MC). The resulting microcapsule is a near-rod shape (about 1.152μm), which has a drug-loading efficiency of 55%. FT-IR and TG analysis revealed the successful entrapment of the pesticide. The microencapsulation had important function in the slow-release rate of the pyraclostrobin and superior UV-shielding properties. Moreover, bioactivity of the microcapsule against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum was determined and it exhibited better inhibition activity than pyraclostrobin technical in the later stage. At last, acute toxicity tests demonstrated that Pyr@SiO 2 @PDA MC on zebrafish with lower toxicity on the first day. These results showed that Pyr@SiO 2 @PDA MC may process broader application potential in agriculture.In modern agriculture, controlled-release formulations (CRF) is greatly desirable for achieving valid utilization and loss reduction of pesticides. It can also alleviate the adverse effect on non-target organism. In this study, we used polydopamine (PDA) as a depositing layer, constructed pyraclostrobin@SiO 2 @polydopamine microcapsule (Pyr@SiO 2 @PDA MC). The resulting microcapsule is a near-rod shape (about 1.152μm), which has a drug-loading efficiency of 55%. FT-IR and TG analysis revealed the successful entrapment of the pesticide. The microencapsulation had important function in the slow-release rate of the pyraclostrobin and superior UV-shielding properties. Moreover, bioactivity of the microcapsule against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum was determined and it exhibited better inhibition activity than pyraclostrobin technical in the later stage. At last, acute toxicity tests demonstrated that Pyr@SiO 2 @PDA MC on zebrafish with lower toxicity on the first day. These results showed that Pyr@SiO 2 @PDA MC may process broader application potential in agriculture.
Noncontact restoration of missing parts of stone Buddha statue based on three-dimensional virtual modeling and assembly simulation
Authors: Jo Young Hoon , Hong Seonghyuk , Jo Seong Yeon , Kwon Yoon Mi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) digital technology is one of the most essential conservation methods that complements the traditional technique of the restoration of cultural artifacts. In this study, 3D scanning, virtual restoration modeling, and 3D printing were used as a non-contact approach for the restoration of a damaged stone seated Bodhisattva (stone Buddha statue). First, a three-dimensional model with an average point density of 0.2 mm was created by integrating the fixed high-precision scanning of the exterior and the handheld mid-precision scanning of the interior excavated hole. Through a 3D deterioration map of the stone Buddha statue, the area of the missing parts was measured as 400.1 cm 2 (5.5% of the total area). Moreover, 257.1 cm 2 (64.2% of the missing part area) of four parts such as the head, the surrounding area of the Baekho, the right ear, and the right eye, for which symmetry was applicable for modeling or there could be ascertainable historical evidence for the total missing parts, was selected for restoration. The virtual restoration of the missing parts of the stone Buddha statue was performed using a haptic modeling system in the following order. First, the location of the three fragments detached from the head was determined. Next, the reference model was selected, and its symmetrization and modification with respect to the original were conducted. Also, estimation modeling and outer shape description were performed through historical research and consultation with experts. The created virtual-restoration model’s (461 cm 3 ) heuristic-based assembly suitability was verified by design mock-up printing and digital–analog simulation. In particular, to address the assembly interference, the interface surface was modified and reprocessed several times. Accordingly, the final design mock-up’s volume size was decreased by 5.2% (437 cm 3 ). Photopolymerization 3D printing technology was used for the actual restoration of the stone Buddha statue and the layer thickness of the material used was set as 0.10 mm considering the surface roughness. Finally, the surface of the printed output was colored to prevent yellowing and joined to the missing part of the stone Buddha statue. This study presents a great case to shift from the traditional manual-contact method to the contactless digital method for the restoration of artifacts and is expected to largely contribute to increasing the usability of digital technologies in the restoration of cultural artifacts.