bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical ecology of the symbiotic crabs Libinia ferreirae and Libinia spinosa: Distributional patterns in south and south‐eastern coast of Brazil
Authors: Gonçalves Geslaine Rafaela Lemos , Palomares Luana Ferraz da Silveira , Sousa Aline Nonato , Stanski Gilson , Sancinetti Gustavo , Costa Rogerio Caetano da , Castilho Antonio Leão 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Brazilian coast is home to two species of Majoid crabs: Libinia ferreirae and Libinia spinosa, with similar habits, as they live in symbiosis with the jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna during their juvenile stage and dwell on the bottom of the ocean near the coast when adults. This study investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of L. ferreirae and L. spinosa during different ontogenic phases on the south and south‐eastern coast of Brazil, between latitudes 22º and 27ºS. Our results showed that both species have different distributions during their development in the three studied regions. Libinia ferreirae were more abundant associated with jellyfish, and L. spinosa were more abundant in the free‐living phase. Environmental factors, especially temperature and salinity, for associated and free‐living crabs, respectively, are the main factors that need to be supported for the establishment of these specimens. We were able to identify that the presence or absence of hosts (given the ecological interactions between the species) is determinant in finding the associated crabs. Geographical variations (morphology of the regions, marine currents and the strength of the tide) are linked directly to the movement of the jellyfish hosts to the coast, influencing the abundance of L. fereirae and L. spinosa populations and affecting their distribution patterns. We can infer that both species are connected with other populations because of the association with the jellyfish, crabs could be passively transported along the south and south‐eastern coast of Brazil, maintaining the connection between metapopulations.
Complex Gait in Preschool Children in a Dual‐Task Paradigm Is Related to Sex and Cognitive Functioning: A Cross‐Sectional Study Providing an Innovative Test and Reference Values
Authors: Latorre‐Román Pedro Ángel , Consuegra González Pedro José , Martínez‐Redondo Melchor , Cardona Linares Antonio José , Salas‐Sánchez J , Lucena Zurita Manuel , Manjón Pozas D. , Pérez Jiménez Inmaculada , Aragón‐Vela J. , García‐Pinillos Felipe , Robles‐Fuentes Alejandro , Párraga‐Montilla JA 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to design and validate a complex gait test (CGT) in preschool children and to examine the relationship between CGT performance and age, sex, and cognitive functioning. A total of 1,040 preschool children, aged 3 to 6 years, participated in this study. In all children, standardized dynamic balance test, and several cognitive functioning measures were used. The results indicate that the CGT has adequate reliability and validity. In the test–retest analysis (n = 90), the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.901 (p < .001). A significant correlation between the initial test and retest (r = 0.821, p < .001) and between the CGT and dynamic balance test (r = −0.432, p < .001), Porteus Maze Test (PMT) (r = −0.416, p = .011), and Goodenough‐Harris Drawing Test (GHDT) (r = −0.386, p < .001) was found. Boys showed a better performance than girls at 3–6 years old. The CGT showed excellent reliability and validity in preschool children and may serve as a potential biomarker in cognitive development.
A layover in Europe: Reconstructing the invasion route of asexual lineages of a New Zealand snail to North America
Authors: Donne Carina , Neiman Maurine , Woodell James D. , Haase Martin , Verhaegen Gerlien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNon‐native invasive species are threatening ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. High genetic variation is thought to be a critical factor for invasion success. Accordingly, the global invasion of a few clonal lineages of the gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum is thus both puzzling and has the potential to help illuminate why some invasions succeed while others fail. Here, we used SNP markers and a geographically broad sampling scheme (N = 1617) including native New Zealand populations and invasive North American and European populations to provide the first widescale population genetic assessment of the relationships between and among native and invasive P. antipodarum. We used a combination of traditional and Bayesian molecular analyses to demonstrate that New Zealand populations harbour very high diversity relative to the invasive populations and are the source of the two main European genetic lineages. One of these two European lineages was in turn the source of at least one of the two main North American genetic clusters of invasive P. antipodarum, located in Lake Ontario. The other widespread North American group had a more complex origin that included the other European lineage and two New Zealand clusters. Altogether, our analyses suggest that just a small handful of clonal lineages of P. antipodarum were responsible for invasion across continents. Our findings provide critical information for prevention of additional invasions and control of existing invasive populations and are of broader relevance towards understanding the establishment and evolution of asexual populations and the forces driving biological invasion.
Expanding host specificity and pathogen sharing beyond viruses
Authors: Becker Daniel J. , Albery Gregory F. 
Published: August 2020

Most emerging pathogens of humans can infect multiple host species (Woolhouse & Gowtage‐Sequeria, 2005). This simple fact has motivated multiple large‐scale, comparative analyses of the drivers of pathogen sharing and zoonotic pathogen richness among hosts as well as the factors determining the zoonotic potential of pathogens themselves. However, most of this work focuses on viruses, limiting a broader understanding of how host range varies within and between pathogen groups. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Shaw et al. (2020) compile a comprehensive data set of host–pathogen associations across viruses and bacteria and test whether previous patterns observed in the former occur in the latter. They find most viruses and bacteria are specialists, and viruses are more likely to be generalists; however, generalist bacteria encompass multiple host orders, whereas viral sharing occurs more within host orders. Lastly, the authors demonstrate that many factors previously identified as predictors of zoonotic richness for viruses occur for bacteria and that host phylogenetic similarity is a primary determinant of cross‐species transmission. However, pathogen sharing with humans was more common and more weakly related to phylogenetic distance to Homo sapiens for bacteria compared to viruses, suggesting the former could pose greater spillover risks across host orders. This work represents a key advance in our understanding of host specificity and pathogen sharing beyond viruses.
Prolonged water immersion alters resistance to sliding of aesthetic orthodontic coated wires
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yu , Kim Jun Sik , Lin Elias T. , Lin Elijah T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the resistance to sliding of aesthetic orthodontic coated wires after prolonged water immersion for up to 4 weeks.Setting and Sample PopulationAn in vitro study of commercially available orthodontic appliances.Materials and MethodsAesthetic coated stainless‐steel wires (Parylene‐coated, epoxy‐coated and Teflon‐coated) (0.019” × 0.025”) and an uncoated control were immersed in distilled‐deionized water for zero, two or four weeks at 37°C and then were subjected to resistance‐to‐sliding tests through a three‐bracket system of sapphire ceramic brackets (0.022” × 0.028” slot) and clear‐coloured elastic ligatures at a contact angle of 0° or 3°. Maximal and average resistance to sliding was analysed by a three‐way analysis of variance, two general linear models and a post hoc Tukey's honest significant difference test.ResultsWater immersion time, contact angle, wire group and their interactions had statistically significant effects on the resistance to sliding of tested orthodontic wires. Various coated wires had distinct timely changes in the maximal and average resistance to sliding after water immersion for 2 to 4 weeks. When compared to the uncoated control in most of the experimental conditions, epoxy‐coated wires had lower or non‐significant differences in resistance to sliding, while Parylene‐coated wire had higher resistances.ConclusionsProlonged water immersion for weeks alters the resistance to sliding of aesthetic orthodontic wires coated with Parylene, epoxy or Teflon. Based on their resistance to sliding, different designs in orthodontic biomechanics should be considered for the different aesthetic orthodontic coated wires.
Mapping and candidate gene screening of Cladosporium fulvum resistance gene Cf‐12 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) by high‐throughput sequencing
Authors: Chai Xinfeng , XU Xiangyang , Wang Dong , Xue Dongqi , Li Jingfu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTomato leaf mould disease is a serious foliar disease caused by Cladosporium fulvum, resulting in a significant reduction in yield and quality, especially under protected cultivation. Finding new resistant genes against leaf mould has become one of the important goals of tomato breeding. Cf‐12‐tomato showed good resistance to several C. fulvum races. The Cf‐12 was mapped using re‐sequencing and BSA methods. Allelism test for Cf‐12, Cf‐5 and Cf‐9 was performed. The results showed that Cf‐12 is an independently assigned C. fulvum resistance gene. About 67,853 high‐quality polymorphic SNPs were found and 233 genes were annotated in three associated regions of 5.85 Mb on Chr. 6s. Three genes with typical Cf‐type characters encoding the leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like protein were screened out. Using qRT‐PCR, structural and phylogenetic analysis, only the Solyc06g008265.1.1‐CGN7495 was finally identified. An effective InDel marker, InD‐3F/1R, was designed for MAS breeding. Our research provides new insights into the mapping of the Cf‐12, and provides a basis for Cf‐12 cloning and the Cf genetic evolution analysis.
Comparative outcome analysis of pediatric kidney transplant in posterior urethral valves children with or without pretransplant Mitrofanoff procedure
Authors: Rickard Mandy , Chua Michael E. , Zu’bi Fadi , Dos Santos Joana , Koyle Martin A. , Lorenzo Armando J. , Farhat Walid A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundUrinary diversion using catheterizable channel among posterior urethral valve (PUV) patients may help to alleviate the functional concerns of the bladder on the allograft. Herein, we review our series of PUV patients undergoing renal transplants at a single institution to determine outcomes between those with and without pretransplant Mitrofanoff.MethodsPUV cases in our transplant database from 2000 to 2017 were identified. Data collected included clinical demographics, presentation of PUV, bladder function, implementation of dialysis and donor type. Post‐transplant variables included graft function, and bladder function including incontinence and UTI development. Comparison between with vs without pretransplant Mitrofanoff patient groups was performed using Fisher's exact and t test analysis.ResultsOverall, 22 cases were analyzed. The majority (77%) had a prenatal diagnosis of PUV, and 23% had a symptomatic presentation. Pretransplant Mitrofanoffs were performed in 40.9% of cases. The overall age at transplant was 10 ± 5 years. Five percent experienced post‐transplant incontinence and 23% UTIs. No difference between groups was noted in variables including age at transplant, the timing of PUV diagnosis. Mitrofanoff group patients had more symptomatic febrile UTIs than those without Mitrofanoff (67% vs 15%; P = .03); however, there was no difference in post‐transplant UTI development. Furthermore, the Mitrofanoff group seems to have later onset of dialysis or need for transplant (age at the start of dialysis 36 ± 56 vs 156 ± 25 months, P < .001).ConclusionOur study suggests that patients with early PUV diagnoses who develop symptomatic UTI may benefit from early creation of a Mitrofanoff cathetherizable channel, which is associated with delayed ESRD progression and need for dialysis.
Nanoinjection of neurotransmitters into the prothoracic ganglion of female cricket Acheta domesticus changes phonotactic selectivity
Authors: Atkins Gordon , Yoon James , Lee Kristin , Koo Rachel , Chung Kristin , Zdor John , Magno Darley , Cho Eun Byeol , Kim Cassie , Gonzalez‐Socoloske Daniel , Navia Benjamin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe phonotactic response by female crickets is influenced by Juvenile Hormone III, which affects selectivity to the syllable period of the calling song. This pathway is influenced by an inhibitory input in the prothoracic ganglion, possibly chloride‐mediated inhibition. In order to identify potential neurotransmitters involved in such pathway, we performed nanoinjection of five neurotransmitters into the prothoracic ganglion of virgin female Acheta domesticus. Phonotaxis for these females was evaluated before and after injections. All five neurotransmitters that were nanoinjected are known to bind to chloride channels. Nanoinjection of histamine significantly decreased phonotactic selectivity to the syllable period of the calling song while glycine, gamma aminobutyric acid, serotonin and saline controls did not. Octopamine significantly decreased phonotactic responses overall. The effect of histamine was tested further by nanoinjecting the antihistamine pyrilamine into the prothoracic ganglion of older unselected females, which resulted in increased phonotactic selectivity.
Xylella fastidiosa subspecies and sequence types detected in Philaenus spumarius and in infected plants in France share the same locations
Authors: Cunty Amandine , Legendre Bruno , de Jerphanion Pauline , Juteau Virginie , Forveille Aurélie , Germain Jean‐François , Ramel Jean‐Marie , Reynaud Philippe , Olivier Valérie , Poliakoff Françoise 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Europe, the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius is the main known vector of the quarantine bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. So far detection and identification of X. fastidiosa has more often been performed from plant matrices than insects, mainly using a real‐time PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. Detection of X. fastidiosa in its insect vectors would enhance knowledge of the epidemiologic situation in France, specifically in the already infected Corsica and Provence‐Alpes‐Côte d’Azur (PACA) regions. The aim of this study was to validate a methodological approach to detect X. fastidiosa in P. spumarius, analysed individually or in groups of 10, using real‐time PCR and MLST, and to apply the approach to more than 4,000 individuals collected between 2015 and 2019 from infected areas. The corresponding results expanded our knowledge of the epidemiology of X. fastidiosa in France: (a) X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex including the sequence types ST6 and ST7 were identified in the insect vector; (b) the rate of positive insects per infected area was as high as 33.3% in Corsica or 50% in the PACA region; (c) positive adults were found during winter; and (d) the bacterial load in P. spumarius (droplet digital PCR) usually ranged from 103 to 104 cells per insect, but could be as high as 105 or 106 cells per insect for some individuals (13%). The subspecies and sequence types detected in P. spumarius corresponded to the situation officially reported for plants in the same areas.
Evaluation of haemodynamic changes of uterine arteries using Doppler ultrasonography during different stages of pregnancy in Bos indicus cows
Authors: Hassan Mubbashar , Arshad Usman , Erdoğan Güneş , Ahmad Nasim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to evaluate haemodynamic changes and their relationships among ipsilateral (IPS) and contralateral (CONT) uterine arteries (UA) during different stages of pregnancy in Bos indicus cows. Multiparous pregnant cows (n = 40) having a gestation length 30.47 ± 0.54 (mean ± SD) days were randomly enrolled and subjected to Doppler ultrasonography sequentially at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th months of gestation. Blood flow indices including diameter of UA (mm), blood flow volume (BFVo, ml/min), blood flow velocity (BFVe, cm/s), time‐averaged maximum velocity (TAMV, cm/s), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) were recorded. Data were analysed with mixed models using the PROC MIXED procedures, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated using the PROC CORR statement in SAS. The final statistical models included the fixed effects of side of UA, gestation month and the interaction between side of UA and gestation month. Results revealed that the mean diameter of the UA (12.13 ± 0.22 vs. 10.09 ± 0.22), BFVo (1236.33 ± 0.55 vs. 770.41 ± 0.55), BFVe (17.18 ± 0.42 vs. 15.58 ± 0.42) and TAMV (17.11 ± 0.44 vs. 15.77 ± 0.44) was higher (p < .05) in IPS as compared to CONT side of the UA in cows. However, PI and RI did not differ between IPS and CON arteries of uterus in cows. A very high and positive correlation (r = .89; p < .05) existed between the diameter of UA and BFVo starting from 1st to 8th months of gestation in IPS as well as CONT sides of UA. Moreover, TAMV was highly and positively correlated (r = .91; p < .05) with BFVe throughout the gestation. In conclusion, these haemodynamic changes in the UA could be used as a valuable validity tool to differentiate the compromised pregnancy in Bos indicus cows.
An integrated approach to determine three‐dimensional accretion geometries of tidal point bars: Examples from the Venice Lagoon (Italy)
Authors: Cosma* Marta , Yan Na , Colombera Luca , Mountney Nigel P. , D’Alpaos Andrea , Ghinassi* Massimiliano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLow rates of lateral migration (centimetres to decimetres per year) combined with relatively high rates of vertical accretion (millimetres to centimetres per year) recorded in microtidal channels of the Venice Lagoon (Italy) give rise to point‐bar geometries and internal facies arrangements that differ substantially from widely accepted models of point‐bar sedimentary architecture. In this study, field data from the Venice Lagoon are combined with a three‐dimensional forward stratigraphic model, the ‘Point‐Bar Sedimentary Architecture Numerical Deduction’ (PB‐SAND), to predict the stratal geometries of point bars formed in aggradational settings. The PB‐SAND uses a combined geometric and stochastic modelling approach that can be constrained by field evidence. The model applied determines the geometry of four point bars generated by 9 to 11 m wide channels cutting through salt marshes. An iterative best‐fit modelling approach has been used to obtain multiple simulations for each case study, each of which fits the observations derived from the analysis of time‐series historical aerial photographs and 44 sedimentary cores. Results demonstrate how the geometry of the bars is determined by the development of two key stratal surfaces: the point‐bar brink and channel‐thalweg surfaces. These surfaces are defined by the progressive translation and vertical shift of the point‐bar brink (i.e. break of slope between bar top and bar slope) and the channel thalweg (i.e. deepest part of the channel) during bar evolution. The approach is used to: (i) reconstruct three‐dimensional point‐bar geometries; (ii) propose alternative reconstructions; (iii) provide insight to drive the acquisition of additional data to better constrain the proposed models; and (iv) provide insight into the mechanism of bar growth for slowly migrating channels in settings subject to relatively high rates of aggradation. This study highlights how interaction between styles of planform transformation and latero‐vertical shifts of meandering channels can determine the geometry of related sedimentary bodies.
Citizen‐agency versus state‐agency at the frontline in prisons and probation services: A systematic literature review
Authors: Sabbe Mathias , Moyson Stéphane , Schiffino Nathalie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStreet‐level bureaucrats play a key role in the delivery of public services to the citizens with whom they interact. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses approach, we rely on a street‐level perspective to report a systematic review of 46 studies about officer–offender interactions in prisons and probation services. In doing so, we examine how correctional officers articulate state‐agency – whereby they focus on the implementation of rules and policies – and citizen‐agency – whereby their decisions regarding offenders are based on judgements of offenders' worth. Our results provide evidence that frontline work in prisons and probation services stems from a mix of citizen‐ and state‐agencies in which the former is prioritized over the latter: when rule enforcement allows it, correctional officers often make discretionary decisions based on professional judgements rooted in professional norms. In this respect, the managerial and actuarial approach to risk management and public protection involved by contemporary correctional reforms comes with new role expectations that conflict with correctional officers' rehabilitative ideals. At the same time, the literature provides many instances of officers coping with workload in order to meet policy objectives and organizational demands while maintaining satisfactory working conditions. In other words, there is an increasingly elaborate and fragile articulation of state‐ and citizen‐agencies at the frontline, in prisons and probations services. We conclude with some implications and an agenda for future research.
The determinants of real exchange rate volatility in South Africa
Authors: Mpofu Trust R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the determinants of medium to long‐run real exchange rate volatility in South Africa over the period 1986–2015. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the impact of trade openness on real exchange rate volatility following conflicting results offered by empirical studies. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration approach and using a variety of specifications and robustness tests, results show that trade openness has an impact on real exchange rate volatility. The interaction term of trade openness and the dummy variable for capital account liberalisation leads to a significant negative impact on real exchange rate volatility. Furthermore, findings indicate that volatility of output, commodity prices, money supply and government consumption, and the exchange rate regime significantly influence rand volatility.