bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and oxidative stress in human peripheral blood cells: can physical activity reactivate the proteasome system through epigenetic mechanisms?
Authors: Piccarducci Rebecca , Daniele Simona , Polini Beatrice , Carpi Sara , Chico Lucia , Fusi Jonathan , Baldacci Filippo , Siciliano Gabriele , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Nieri Paola , Martini Claudia , Franzoni Ferdinando 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is characterised by proteasome activity impairment and oxidative stress, resulting in β-amyloid (Aβ) production/degradation imbalance. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is implicated in Aβ clearance, and ApoE ε4 isoform predisposes to AD development. Regular physical activity is known to reduce AD progression. However, the impact of ApoE polymorphism and physical exercise on Aβ production and proteasome system activity has never been investigated in human peripheral blood cells.Methods Healthy subjects were enrolled and classified based on the ApoE polymorphism (by the restriction fragment length polymorphism technique) and physical activity level (Borg Scale), dividing them in ApoE ε4/non-ε4 carriers and active/non-active subjects. The plasma antioxidant capability (AOC), the erythrocyte Aβ production/accumulation, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated proteasome functionality were evaluated in all groups by chromatographic and immunoenzymatic assay, respectively. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms were investigated considering the expression of the histone deacetylase 6, employing a competitive ELISA, and the modulation of two keys miRNAs (miR-153-3p and miR-195-5p), through miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Mini Kit.Results ApoE ε4 subjects showed a reduction in plasma AOC and an increase of the Nrf2 blocker, miR-153-3p, contributing to an enhancement of the erythrocyte concentration of Aβ. Physical exercise increased plasma AOC and reduced the amount of Aβ and its precursor, involving a reduced miR-153-3p expression and a miR-195-5p enhancement.Conclusions Our data highlight the impact of ApoE genotype on the amyloidogenic pathway and the proteasome system, and suggest the positive impact of physical exercise, also through epigenetic mechanisms.
Novel Fusion Peptide-Mediated siRNA Delivery Using Self-Assembled Nanocomplex
Authors: Ryu Yeong Chae , Kim Kyungah , Kim Byoung Choul , Wang Hui-Min David , Hwang Byeong Hee 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Gene therapy using siRNA can be a new potent strategy to treat many incurable diseases at the genetic level, including cancer and viral infections. Treatments using siRNA essentially requires an efficient and safe method of delivering siRNA into cells while maintaining its stability. Thus, we designed novel synergistic fusion peptides, i.e., SPACE and oligoarginine.Results: Among the novel fusion peptides and siRNAs, nanocomplexes have outstanding cellular uptake and gene silencing effect in vitro and high stability and retention effect of siRNAs in vivo. Oligo arginine could attract siRNAs electrostatically to form stable and self-assembled nanocomplexes, and the SPACE peptide could interact with the cellular membrane via hydrogen bonding. Therefore, nanocomplexes using fusion peptides showed improved and evident cellular uptake and gene silencing of Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) via the lipid raft-mediated endocytosis pathway, especially to the HDFn cells of the skin, and all of the fusion peptides were biocompatible. Also, intratumorally injected nanocomplexes had increased stability and retention of siRNAs at the site of the tumor. Conclusions: The new nanocomplex strategy could become a safe and efficient platform for the delivery of siRNAs into cells and tissues to treat various target diseases through gene therapy.
Survival After Wedge Resection Versus Lobectomy for Stage Ia Second Primary&nbsp;NSCLC with Previous Lung Cancer-Directed Surgery
Authors: Song Congkuan , Wu Zhiquan , Yu Donghu , Guo Zixin , Wang Qingwen , Wang Yujin , Huang Jingyu , Li Sheng , Hu Weidong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The surgical procedure for early-stage second primary non-small cell lung cancer (SP-NSCLC) remains controversial, especially for patients with previous lung cancer-directed surgery. This study aims to compare the survival after wedge resection and lobectomy for these patients. Methods: Stage IA SP-NSCLC patients with clear information were searched from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Cox proportional hazard model, competing risk model and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were used to describe the survival difference between wedge resection and lobectomy. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) method was also performed to reduce the potential impact of confounding factors between the two groups. Results: Of the 320 eligible stage IA SP-NSCLC patients included in this study, 238 (74.4%) patients underwent wedge resection and 82 (25.6%) patients received lobectomy. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 61.3% with wedge resection and was 66.1% with lobectomy. Both before and after PSM, wedge resection showed similar survival rate and lung cancer specific mortality as lobectomy in the entire cohort. Additionally, in all subgroup analyses, wedge resection demonstrated equivalent survival to lobectomy. However, in the female, sub-lobectomy for FPLC and interval ≤ 24 months subgroups, wedge resection had a higher lung cancer specific mortality than lobectomy (fine-gray test, all p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, wedge resection was comparable to lobectomy in OS with all relevant parameters. In a few cases, lung cancer specific mortality in wedge resection group was higher than that in lobectomy group.
Estimated effects of the implementation of the Mexican Warning Labels regulation on the use of health and nutrition claims on packaged foods
Authors: Cruz-Casarrubias Carlos , Tolentino-Mayo Lizbeth , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Barquera Simón 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The use of health and nutrition claims on front-of-pack labels has a potential effect on consumers' food choices; therefore, many countries established regulations to avoid misperceptions. This study describes the use of nutrition and health claims on the front-of-pack of food products in retail stores in Mexico and analyze the potential effects of the new front-of-pack labelling regulation on the use of these claims. Methods This is a cross-sectional study in which nutrition and health claims, nutrition information panels, and the list of ingredients of all foods and beverages available in the main retail stores in Mexico City were collected. The products were grouped by level of processing according to the NOVA food system classification. Claims were classified into different types using the internationally harmonized INFORMAS taxonomy. The potential effect of the implementation of the warning label regulations on the use of nutrition and health claims was estimated by food group and by thresholds of energy and critical nutrients according to the new regulation. Results Of 17,264 products, 33.8% displayed nutrition claims and 3.4% health claims. In total 80.8% of all products on the Mexican market were classified as "less healthy"; 48.2% of products had excess calories, 44.6% had excess sodium, and 40.7% excess free sugars according to the new regulation. The new regulation would prevent 39.4% of products with claims from displaying health and nutrition claims (p<0.001); the largest reduction is observed for ultra-processed foods (51.1%, p<0.001). The regulation thresholds that contribute the most of the reduction in the use of claims were calories (OR 0.62, p<0.001) and non-sugar sweeteners (OR 0.54, p<0.001). Conclusions The new Mexican front-of-pack labelling regulation will prevent most of less healthy processed and ultra-processed foods from displaying HNC and will potentially increase the effectiveness of the warning labels for consumers.
Analysing spatial interdependence among 2011 Thailand flood affected Small and Medium Enterprises for reduction of Disaster Recovery Time Period
Authors: Pathak Shubham , Olmo Jorge Chica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Natural disasters have been a major hurdle in the economic growth of middle income countries. Thailand has also been suffering from recurring flood disasters and was most severely affected during the 2011 floods. This paper aims at identifying the various factors which have impact on speed of disaster recovery among the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) severely affected by the floods in Pathumthani province in central Thailand and how this speed is related with the speed and decision of neighbours SMEs. The methodology adopts a spatial econometric model, to analysis and understand the impact of each of chosen factors. The findings include the impact of disaster resilience, mitigation and planning at the SME level as well as the government level. Absence of accurate perception of actual risk, flood insurance and disaster management planning prior to 2011 floods had contributed to the severity of the impacts during 2011 floods.
Broad Spectrum Polyphenol Supplementation from Tart Cherry Extract on Markers of Recovery from Intense Resistance Exercise
Authors: Hooper David R. , Orange Terrance , Gruber Meagan T. , Darakjian Ashley A. , Conway Kara L. , Hausenblas Heather S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Tart cherry supplementation has been shown to enhance recovery from strenuous exercise due to its antioxidant properties. The majority of these studies used tart cherry juice, with a significant calorie content. The primary purpose of this study was to assess whether powdered tart cherry extract with minimal calorie content reduces oxidative stress and enhances recovery following intense resistance exercise. Methods: Thirteen men (mean age: 26.2±5.3 years; height: 184.3±8.2 cm; weight: 92.9±15.6 kg) performed a demanding resistance exercise protocol consisting of 6 sets of 10 repetitions of barbell back squat with 80% 1RM. The protocol was performed once following 7 days of 500 mg of tart cherry extract and once following placebo. Serum protein carbonyl (PC) content, creatine kinase activity (CK) and creatine kinase myocardial band content (CK-MB) were used to assess oxidative stress, skeletal and cardiac muscle damage respectively. Muscle soreness was assessed by visual analog scale. Physical performance was measured by countermovement jump power and handgrip dynamometer strength. Results: There was a significant increase in PC in the placebo (PL) condition when compared to the Tart Cherry (TC) condition at IP (PL: 0.4±0.3 vs. TC: -0.4±0.2 nmol∙mg-1; p<0.001), 1 hr (PL: 0.3±0.3 vs. TC: -0.7±0.3 nmol∙mg-1; p<0.001) and 24 hr (PL: 0.1±0.4 vs. TC: -0.3±0.5 nmol∙mg-1; p=0.010). There was a significant increase in CK activity in PL when compared to the TC at IP (PL: 491.1±280 vs. TC: 296.3±178 U∙L-1; p=0.008) and 3 hr (PL: -87±123 vs. TC: 43.1±105.3 U∙L-1; p=0.006). There was a significant (p=0.003) increase in CKMB concentration in PL when compared to the TC (PL: 21.6±12.4 vs. TC: -0.3±11.8 ng∙ml-1; p=0.006) at 1 hr post. There was a significant increase in handgrip strength in TC when compared to PL (PL: -2±5.1 vs. TC: 1.7±3 kg; p=0.017) at 24 hours post.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that tart cherry extract reduced oxidative stress and markers of muscle and cardiac damage following intense resistance exercise. This occurred along with a prevention of the decrease in strength seen following the intense exercise protocol. These benefits were seen with minimal energy intake.
Individual-based dengue virus surveillance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected concurrently with suspected patients in Tarlac City, Philippines
Authors: Balingit Jean Claude , Carvajal Thaddeus M. , Saito-Obata Mariko , Gamboa Maribet , Nicolasora Amalea Dulcene , Sy Ava Kristy , Oshitani Hitoshi , Watanabe Kozo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Dengue virus (DENV) infection continues to be a major public health concern throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world where Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, its primary vector, dwell. In the context of DENV transmission, effective control is reliant not only on knowledge of mosquito abundance, but also on mosquito infection. In the 2015 dengue season, we conducted a one-month entomological surveillance of adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes around households of suspected dengue patients in Tarlac City, Philippines to assess the DENV infection rate in the local mosquito population, and to identify the DENV genotypes and serotypes concurrently co-circulating in mosquitoes and patients.

Methods

We performed a one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and serotyping of DENV in patients and in individual female Aedes aegypti mosquito. Consequently, we performed sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to further characterize the detected DENVs in mosquitoes and patients at the genotype level.

Results

We collected a total of 583 adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, of which we tested 359 female mosquitoes individually for the presence of the DENV. Ten mosquitoes (2.8%) from amongst 359 female mosquitoes were confirmed to be positive for the presence of the DENV. We detected DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 in the field-collected mosquitoes, which were consistent with the serotypes concurrently infecting patients. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the detected DENVs based on the partial envelope ( E ) gene revealed three genotypes concurrently present in the sampled mosquitoes and patients during the study period, namely: DENV-1 genotype IV, DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype and DENV-4 genotype II. Notably, we observed a random geographic distribution of DENVs in the study area suggesting the occurrence of active DENV transmission within and outside the vicinities of Tarlac City.

Conclusions

In this study, we demonstrate the utility of an individual-based DENV surveillance in field-collected mosquitoes and the importance of incorporating mosquito virus data in phylogenetic studies. Analyzing virus sequences from vector and host could potentially improve our understanding of the dynamics of DENV transmission.
Spectroscopic analysis of allophane and imogolite samples with variable Fe abundance for characterizing the poorly crystalline components on Mars
Authors: Jeute Thomas , Baker Leslie L. , Bishop Janice L. , Abidin Zaenal , Rampe Elizabeth B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNanophase materials including silicates, aluminosilicates, and iron oxides are widespread on Mars. These minerals are important because they likely represent a solid-phase record of ancient climatic conditions on the martian surface. Identification and characterization of nanophase compounds is technically challenging due to the small size and poorly ordered nature of these materials, particularly because their chemical compositions can vary widely.This study presents spectra of several synthetic allophane and imogolite samples with a range of chemical compositions that are typical of the natural variability of allophanic materials. These samples were formed under controlled conditions and have been thoroughly characterized in terms of chemical composition and short-range structure.Analyses confirmed that the synthetic materials were allophane and imogolite and were structurally similar to previously studied natural and synthetic examples of these phases. NMR and XAFS data indicated that high-Al proto-imogolite allophanes were similar in structure to imogolite but were less well ordered, and supported the proposed nanoball structures based on rolled octahedral Al sheets. Increasing Si content in allophane produced increasing tetrahedral Al substitution as well as polymerized Si chain structures at Al-Si mole ratios of 1:1, and sheets and possible framework structures at Al-Si mole ratios of 1:2. Fe in allophanes and imogolites substituted exclusively for octahedral Al.Reflectance spectra of the synthetic allophanes and imogolites were comparable to previously analyzed samples. Variations in Fe content of allophane and imogolite resulted in some observable changes in visible/near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra, but these changes were not detectable in emission spectra. Emission spectra of the samples suggest that variations in Al-Si ratio of allophanes should be detectable using remotely sensed data. Because allophanes with different Al-Si ratios typically form in very different environments, this could be significant for interpretation of formation conditions on Mars, with high-Al compositions suggesting possible tephra weathering and high-Si compositions indicating possible formation from thermal waters.
Gamma-enhancement of reflected light images: A rapid, effective tool for assessment of compositional heterogeneity in pyrite
Authors: Zhu QiaoQiao , Cook Nigel J. , Xie GuiQing , Ciobanu Cristiana L. , Jian Wei , Wade Benjamin P. , Xu Jing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Trace/minor element variation in pyrite is a feature that has proved invaluable for reconstructing a wide range of geological processes. Routine reflectance observations commonly fail to constrain this variation due to the typically subtle and barely perceptible change in reflectance brought about by deviation from ideal stoichiometry. Such differences may be difficult or impossible to observe in conventional polished sections using standard optical microscopes, at least without oil immersion. Chemical etching and staining, although widely used, are destructive, hazardous, or both, and the etching process is not completely reproducible. Here we use the g correction method to enhance optical digital signal differences obtained in reflected light to constrain compositional heterogeneity in pyrite from a representative hydrothermal ore deposit in eastern China. The g-enhanced images show significant reflectance variation caused by compositional heterogeneity, confirmed by quantitative electron microprobe analysis and qualitative imaging. Higher reflectance domains in g-enhanced images correspond to increases in the effective number of free electrons, whereas darker domains are attributed to the decrease of these free electrons by trace/minor element substitution in pyrite (e.g., As). Gamma correction provides a rapid, effective, non-destructive method to constrain compositional heterogeneity of pyrite through enhancement of reflectance variation. Used alone, this method is unable to determine the chemical composition due to simultaneous substitutions, causing a disparate increase or decrease of reflectance, in most ore minerals. Nevertheless, γ correction may be sufficient to predict the substitution of trace/minor elements under the optical microscope prior to scanning electron microscope imaging and quantitative investigation of mineral composition and may help constrain links between textures and compositions of pyrite in evolving ore systems, which could also be applied to other ore minerals with negligible bireflectance.
Self-Assemble Amphiphilic PEO-PPO-PEO Tri-Block Co-Polymeric Methotrexate Nanomicelles to Combat MCF7 Cancer Cells
Authors: Mishra Manoj Kumar , Gupta Jitendra , Gupta Reena 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Methotrexate (MTX) is a water-insoluble, anti-tumor agent, causes adverse effects like bone marrow suppression, chronic interstitial obstructive pulmonary disease, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, interstitial pneumonitis and
nephrotoxicity with slow drug release rate.

Objective:
The present study was aimed for successfully incorporating of MTX into novel-targeted Pluronic (PEO-PPOPEO tri-block co-polymer) F127 polymeric micelles intended for intravenous administration with improved drug loading
and sustained release behavior necessary to achieve better efficacy of MTX.

Methods:
MTX-loaded Pluronic F127 micelles were characterized for critical micelle concentration,
particle size and zeta potential, 1H NMR, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency characterization, cell
uptake, in vitro release study along with partition coefficient and solubilization thermodynamics.

Results:
The micellar formulation resulted in nano size 27.32±1.43nm of PF127/SDS, as compared to
Pluronic F127 micelles or PF127/Phosphatidyl choline which were 30.52±1.18nm and 154.35±5.5nm in
size, respectively. The uptake of PF127/SDS micellar formulation incorporating Rhodamine 123 in
MCF7 cancer cells was found to be higher (84.25%) than PF127/PC, PF127 and MTX i.e. 66.26%,
73.59% and 53% respectively. The in vitro MTX release from PF127, PF127/SDS and PF127/PC polymeric
micelles formulations was observed to be 69%, 69.5% and 66% at 12 h whereas 80.89%,
77.67% and 78.54% after 24 h, respectively and revealed a sustained release. MTX-loaded PF127/SDS
micelles showed high partition coefficient and negative free energy of solubilization compared to PF127
and PF127/PC which signify self-assembly behavior and thermodynamic stability towards higher dissociation.

Conclusion:
It was finally concluded that MTX-loaded PF127/SDS micelles act as a potential anticancer
delivery system in comparison to PF127/PC and PF127 to combat tumor cells by enhancing their cellular
uptake targeting with sustained release pattern and reducing the thermodynamic instability. Thus,
PF127/SDS micellar formulation can provide a useful alternative dosage form for intravenous administration
of MTX.
Invasive and Non-Invasive Electrical Neuromodulation in Trigeminal Nerve Neuralgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Garcia-Isidoro Sara , Castellanos-Sanchez Victor Omar , Iglesias-Lopez Elvira , Perpiña-Martinez Sara 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic disease characterized by intense facial
pain that is caused by trigeminal nerve affectation. It usually affects adults from 50 years of age,
and is more frequent in women. Additionally, it presents serious psychological effects that often
lead to depression, which is why it is considered highly disabling. The therapeutic approach is
based on the modification of nerve activity through electrical, surgical or chemical stimulation in
specific regions of the nervous system.

Objective:
To perform a meta-analysis of the scientific literature related to invasive and non-invasive
electrical neuromodulation of trigeminal neuralgia, in order to assess their effects over pain
and adverse effects.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted in 4 databases, followed by a manual search of articles
on invasive or non-invasive electrical neuromodulation to control the pain of trigeminal neuralgia,
including the last 15 years.

Results:
Regarding non-invasive methods, clinical trials did not present enough results in order to
perform a meta-analysis. Regarding invasive methods, clinical trials meta-analysis showed no statistical
differences between different treatment methods. In all cases, improvements in patients'
pain were reported, although results regarding adverse effects were variable.

Conclusion:
In the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, the continuous radiofrequency provides better
short and medium-term results, but pulsed radiofrequency shows less adverse effects after treatment,
and has better results in the long-term.