bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal localization: Stereo over LiDAR map
Authors: Zuo Xingxing , Ye Wenlong , Yang Yulin , Zheng Renjie , Vidal‐Calleja Teresa , Huang Guoquan , Liu Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a real‐time high‐precision visual localization system for an autonomous vehicle which employs only low‐cost stereo cameras to localize the vehicle with a priori map built using a more expensive 3D LiDAR sensor. To this end, we construct two different visual maps: a sparse feature visual map for visual odometry (VO) based motion tracking, and a semidense visual map for registration with the prior LiDAR map. To register two point clouds sourced from different modalities (i.e., cameras and LiDAR), we leverage probabilistic weighted normal distributions transformation (ProW‐NDT), by particularly taking into account the uncertainty of source point clouds. The registration results are then fused via pose graph optimization to correct the VO drift. Moreover, surfels extracted from the prior LiDAR map are used to refine the sparse 3D visual features that will further improve VO‐based motion estimation. The proposed system has been tested extensively in both simulated and real‐world experiments, showing that robust, high‐precision, real‐time localization can be achieved.
Titanium Incorporation into Zr‐Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug‐Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Chen Mian , Long Zhou , Dong Ruihua , Wang Le , Zhang Jiangjiang , Li Sixiang , Zhao Xiaohui , Hou Xiandeng , Shao Huawu , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study uses metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) alone without any added antibacterial ingredients as the nonantibiotic agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of chronic wounds infected by multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nanoparticles (NPs) of MOFs (PCN‐224) are incorporated with titanium through a facile cation exchange strategy. The obtained bimetallic PCN‐224(Zr/Ti) shows greatly enhanced photocatalytic performance for the generation of reactive oxygen species under visible light, which is responsible for the effective antibacterial activities. The PCN‐224(Zr/Ti) NPs are loaded onto lactic‐co‐glycolic acid nanofibers to prepare a wound dressing, which shows high biocompatibility and minimal cytotoxicity. The wound dressing is efficient for PDT‐based in vivo healing of the chronic wound infected by MDR bacteria. Most importantly, this work does not involve any additional antibacterial agents, which is facile, low cost, and in particular, greatly explores the potential of MOFs as a powerful nonantibiotic agent in PDT.
Oligomerization Driven by Phase Separation
Authors: Myrgorodska Iuliia , Colomer Ignacio , Fletcher Stephen P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChemical reactions occurring within liquid‐liquid phase separated systems drive numerous biological processes and have likely been involved in the emergence of first cellular compartments. Herein we report a reaction whose product distribution is drastically affected by the presence of a liquid‐liquid interface. Under phase separated conditions, the system produces a dynamic library of increasingly complex oligomeric structures. This reactivity is in sharp contrast to results under homogeneous conditions; when there is no phase separation only two thermodynamically stable products are formed. The reactivity observed using phase separated conditions stems from generating a dynamic out‐of‐equilibrium self‐assembling system. This work shows that relatively complex oligomeric products that would not be otherwise easily accessible can be made by biphasic out‐of‐equilibrium processes.
Local and regional anaesthesia in dogs and cats: Descriptions of specific local and regional techniques (Part 2)
Authors: Grubb Tamara , Lobprise Heidi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPain management in veterinary patients is a crucial component of appropriate patient care. Local anaesthetic drugs used in local and regional blockade can completely block the transmission of nociceptive impulses, decreasing both intra‐operative nociception and postoperative pain, while decreasing the potential incidence of adverse effects that can be associated with systemic boluses of drugs. For efficacy and safety, this class of drugs is recommended as part of the analgesic protocol in the majority of surgical procedures and traumatic injuries. Numerous local and regional blocks are proven effective in dogs and cats, thus providing the clinician with ample opportunity to include these blocks in practice. This manuscript, Part 2 of a two‐part instalment, focuses on brief descriptions of select commonly used local/regional anaesthesia techniques for dogs and cats that cover a multitude of painful surgeries/injuries and that can be implemented in any practice. In Part 1 of this topic, detailed information on local anaesthetic drugs commonly used in small animal practice was reviewed (Grubb & Lobprise, 2020).
Local and regional anaesthesia in dogs and cats: Overview of concepts and drugs (Part 1)
Authors: Grubb Tamara , Lobprise Heidi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPain management in veterinary patients is a crucial component of appropriate patient care. Multimodal analgesia that includes both systemically and locally/regionally administered drugs is generally the most effective approach to providing pain relief. Local anaesthetic drugs used in local and regional blockade are unique in that they can completely block the transmission of pain (in conscious patients) or nociceptive (in anaesthetized patients) signals, thereby providing profound analgesia. In addition, local and regional administration of drugs, when compared with systemic bolus administration, generally results in a lower incidence of dose‐related adverse effects. Due to the potential to provide profound analgesia and the high safety margin (when used correctly) of this drug class, local anaesthetics are recommended as part of the analgesic protocol in the majority of patients undergoing surgical procedures or suffering traumatic injuries. This manuscript, Part 1 of a two‐part instalment, emphasizes the importance of using local and regional anaesthesia as a component of multimodal analgesia, provides a review of the basic pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of local anaesthetic drugs in general, lists information on commonly used local anaesthetic drugs for local and regional blockade in dogs and cats, and briefly introduces the novel liposome‐encapsulated bupivacaine (NOCITA®). Part 2 is a review of local and regional anaesthetic techniques used in dogs and cats (Grubb & Lobprise, 2020).
Reducing Gastroschisis Mortality: A Quality Improvement Initiative at a Ugandan Pediatric Surgery Unit
Authors: Wesonga A. , Situma M. , Lakhoo K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionWith modern treatment, survival of gastroschisis exceeds 90% in high‐income countries. Survival in these countries has been largely attributed to prenatal diagnosis, delivery at tertiary facilities with timely resuscitation, timely intervention, parenteral nutrition and intensive care facilities. In sub‐Saharan Africa, due to lack of these facilities, mortality rates are still alarmingly high ranging from 75 to 100%. In Uganda the mortality is 98%.AimThe aim of this study was to reduce gastroschisis mortality in a feasible, sustainable way using a locally derived gastroschisis care protocol at a referring hospital in Western Uganda.MethodsData collection was performed from January to October 2018. Nursing staff were interviewed regarding the survival and management of gastroschisis babies. A locally derived protocol was created with staff input and commitment from all the team members.ResultsFour mothers absconded and 17 babies were cared for using the newly designed protocol. Seven survived and were well at one month post discharge follow‐up, reducing the mortality for this condition from 98 to 59%.ConclusionA dedicated team with minimal resources can significantly reduce the mortality in gastroschisis by almost 40% using a locally derived protocol.
An experimental study of binary collisions of miscible droplets with non-identical viscosities
Authors: Al-Dirawi Karrar H. , Bayly Andrew E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe dynamics of binary collisions of equi-diameter droplets with non-identical viscosities have been investigated experimentally and compared to previously generated data from identical droplet collisions (Al-Dirawi and Bayly in Phys Fluids 31(2):027105, 2019). Three hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) aqueous solutions, 2%, 4%, and 8% HPMC, were used to generate the droplets of different viscosities, 2.8, 8.2, and 28.4 mPa s, respectively. High-speed imaging techniques were applied to observe and capture the collision outcomes. Collision outcomes were characterised and regime maps were generated. The non-identical viscosity droplet collisions produced regime maps with well-defined boundaries which are comparable in shape to the conventional regime maps of identical droplet collisions. The boundaries of the bouncing and reflexive separation regimes of the non-identical collisions show intermediate position between the identical cases of the low and the high viscosity droplets. However, the boundary of the stretching separation regimes of the non-identical collisions showed good agreement with the boundary of the identical case of the lower viscosity droplet. Moreover, the ability of models developed for predicting the regimes boundaries of collisions of identical viscosity droplets was assessed for the non-identical collisions. They proved capable in the non-identical cases, and the changes in adjustable parameters were consistent with the underlying physical basis of the models.Graphic abstract
Argumentation Evolved: But How? Coevolution of Coordinated Group Behavior and Reasoning
Authors: Seitz Fabian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRational agency is of central interest to philosophy, with evolutionary accounts of the cognitive underpinnings of rational agency being much debated. Yet one building block—our ability to argue—is less studied, except Mercier and Sperber’s argumentative theory (Mercier and Sperber in Behav Brain Sci 34(02):57–74,10.1017/s0140525x10000968, 2011, in The enigma of reason. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2017). I discuss their account and argue that it faces a lacuna: It cannot explain the origin of argumentation as a series of small steps that reveal how hominins with baseline abilities of the trait in question could turn into full-blown owners of it. This paper then provides a first sketch of the desired evolutionary trajectory. I argue that reasoning coevolves with the ability to coordinate behavior. After that, I establish a model based on niche construction theory. This model yields a story with following claims. First, argumentation came into being during the Oldowan period as a tool for justifying information ‘out of sight’. Second, argumentation enabled hominins to solve collective action problems with collaborators out of sight, which stabilized argumentative practices eventually. Archeological findings are discussed to substantiate both claims. I conclude with outlining changes resultant from my model for the concept of rational agency.
Three Pillars of Urbanization: Migration, Aging, and Growth
Authors: Grafeneder-Weissteiner Theresa , Prettner Klaus , Südekum Jens 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEconomic development in industrialized countries is characterized by rising per capita GDP, increasing life expectancy, and an ever greater share of the population living in cities. We explain this pattern within a regional innovation-driven economic growth model with labor mobility and a demographic structure of overlapping generations. The model shows a natural tendency for core–periphery structures to emerge in modern knowledge-based economies.
Surgeon-Administered Nerve Block during Rotator Cuff Repair Can Promote Recovery with Little or No Post-operative Opioid Use
Authors: Caldwell George L. , Selepec Michael A. 
Published: January 2020

Background The use of opioid analgesia is common in both the acute and extended post-operative periods after rotator cuff repair. The current opioid crisis has prompted surgeons to seek alternatives that minimize or even eliminate the need for oral opioids after surgery. Questions/Purposes We sought to investigate the effects on post-operative opioid use of a surgeon-administered block of the suprascapular and axillary nerves in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR), in particular to quantify outpatient opioid consumption and duration. Methods In this prospective observational study, all patients undergoing primary ARCR performed under general anesthesia by a single surgeon were studied over a 15-month period. Of 91 ARCRs performed, 87 patients were enrolled and followed prospectively. At the conclusion of the procedure, the surgeon performed “local–regional” nerve blockade with injections to the sensory branches of the suprascapular nerve and the axillary nerve, as well as local infiltration about the shoulder. Use of medications in the post-anesthesia care unit was left up to the anesthesiologist. Patients were prescribed oral opioids (hydrocodone/acetaminophen 5/325 mg) for analgesia after discharge. The quantity and duration of opioid use and pain scores were recorded for 4 months. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate factors that could account for greater opioid use. Results Total opioid consumption ranged from 0 to 30 opioid tablets (average, 4.2 tablets) over the 4-month period. Post-operatively, 91% of patients took between ten or fewer tablets, and 39% took no opioids. The average duration of opioid use was 2.4 days. No patients were taking opioids at the 4- to 6-week or 4-month follow-up visits, none required refills, and none received prescriptions from outside prescribers. No statistically significant differences were seen in opioids taken or duration of use in regard to tear size, sex, body mass index, surgery location, or procedure time. There was a significant inverse correlation between opioid use and age. In addition, the cost of the surgeon-performed procedure was substantially lower than that associated with pre-operative nerve blockade performed by an anesthesiologist. All patients were satisfied with the post-operative pain management protocol. Average reported post-operative pain scores were low and decreased at each visit. Conclusion With this local–regional nerve-blocking protocol, opioid use after ARCR was unexpectedly low, and a large proportion of patients recovered without any post-surgical opioids. The correlation seen between opioid use and age may not be clinically significant, given the low use of post-operative opioids overall. These results may be useful in guiding post-operative opioid prescribing after ARCR, as well as in lowering costs associated with ARCR.
Applying collaborative cognitive load theory to computer-supported collaborative learning: towards a research agenda
Authors: Janssen Jeroen , Kirschner Paul A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch on computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) has traditionally investigated how student-, group-, task-, and technological characteristics affect the processes and outcomes of collaboration. On the other hand, cognitive load theory has traditionally been used to study individual learning processes and to investigate instructional effects that are present during individual learning (e.g., expertise reversal effect). In this contribution we will argue that cognitive load theory can be applied to CSCL. By incorporating concepts such as collective working memory (i.e., individuals share the burden of information processing), mutual cognitive interdependence (i.e., individuals learn about each other’s expertise and become dependent on their partners’ expertise), and transaction costs (i.e., the burden placed on individuals working memory capacity when communicating and coordinating collaborative activities), collaborative cognitive load theory (CCLT) can be used to formulate testable hypotheses for pressing issues in CSCL research. The aim of this paper is to develop a research agenda to guide future CSCL research from a CCLT perspective. We highlight how variables associated with student-, group-, task-, and technological characteristics may be investigated using CCLT. We also address important steps CSCL research needs to make with respect to the measurement of variables and the methodologies used to analyze data.
Size and democracy revisited – Vom Einfluss der Kreisgröße auf das Wählerverhalten in Deutschland
Authors: Zabler Steffen , Reclam Raphael , Grohs Stephan 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Frage nach dem Zusammenhang zwischen der Größe von Gebietskörperschaften und politischer Partizipation erfährt vor dem Hintergrund der gescheiterten Kreisgebietsreformen in Brandenburg und Thüringen neue Aufmerksamkeit. Besonders in den Vordergrund gerückt sind dabei Arbeiten, die davon ausgehen, dass in größeren Kreisstrukturen die politische Integrationskraft abnimmt und damit das Partizipationsverhalten – gerade auch bei Wahlen – negativ beeinflusst wird, obwohl weder die Theorie noch die bisherige Empirie eindeutige Hinweise darauf liefern. Auf der Basis struktureller Daten für alle deutschen Landkreise und mithilfe eines hierarchischen Regressionsmodells zeigt sich für die Bundestagswahl 2017 empirisch kein derartiger Effekt: Unter Kontrolle zusätzlicher Variablen weisen größere Kreise weder eine niedrigere Wahlbeteiligung noch einen höheren AfD-Wähleranteil auf. Eventuelle Zusammenhänge zwischen der Größe von Landkreisen und dem Wahlverhalten lassen sich vielmehr durch systematische Bundesländerunterschiede erklären als durch die Größe der Kreise an sich. Damit liefert diese Untersuchung einen wichtigen und überaus praxisrelevanten Beitrag zur Versachlichung der Diskussion über Kreisgebietsreformen.
Adapting global shared socio-economic pathways for national scenarios in Japan
Authors: Chen He , Matsuhashi Keisuke , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Fujimori Shinichiro , Honjo Keita , Gomi Kei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractShared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) are alternative global development scenarios focused on the mitigation of and adaptation to climate change. However, global SSPs would need revised versions for regional or local assessment, which is the so-called extended version, because global narratives may lack region-specific important drivers, national policy perspectives, and unification of data for each nation. Thus, it is necessary to construct scenarios that can be used for governments in response to the SSPs to reflect national and sub-national unique situations. This study presents national SSP scenarios, specifically focusing on Japan (hereafter, Japan SSPs), as well as a process for developing scenarios that qualitatively links to global SSPs. We document the descriptions of drivers and basic narratives of Japan SSPs coherent with global SSPs, based on workshops conducted by local researchers and governments. Moreover, we provide a common data set of population and GDP using the national scale. Japan SSPs emphasized population trends different from global SSPs and influencing factors, citizen participation, industrial development resulting from economic change, distribution, and inequality of sub-national population, among others. We selected data sets from existing population projections that have been widely used by Japanese researchers; the data show that the population and GDP of Japan SSPs are expected to be about 20–25% less than global SSPs by 2100.
Maximum observed likelihood prediction of future record values
Authors: Volovskiy Grigoriy , Kamps Udo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPoint prediction of future upper record values is considered. For an underlying absolutely continuous distribution with strictly increasing cumulative distribution function, the general form of the predictor obtained by maximizing the observed predictive likelihood function is established. The results are illustrated for the exponential, extreme-value and power-function distributions, and the performance of the obtained predictors is compared to that of maximum likelihood predictors on the basis of the mean squared error and the Pitman’s measure of closeness criteria. For exponential and extreme-value distributions, it is shown that under slight restrictions, the maximum observed likelihood predictor outperforms the maximum likelihood predictor in terms of both performance criteria.
The Polyharmonic Bergman Space for the Union of Rotated Unit Balls
Authors: Grzebuła Hubert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the paper we consider the polyharmonic Bergman space for the union of the rotated unit Euclidean balls. Using so called zonal polyharmonics we derive the formulas for the kernel of this space. Moreover, we study the weighted polyharmonic Bergman space. By the same argument we get the Bergman kernel for this space.
Vigorous, dedicated, and absorbed: Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the polish version of the sport engagement scale
Authors: Stolarski Maciej , Pruszczak Dominika , Waleriańczyk Wojciech 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe concept of sport engagement, emerging from the application of major ideas of positive psychology in sport science, has become a valuable conceptual and practical addition to understanding athlete burnout. The present article reports the major results of an attempt to develop a Polish version of the Sport Engagement Scale, a brief metric created to measure athletes’ engagement for both research and practical purposes. Study 1, conducted on a sample of Polish athletes (N = 214) supports the original three-factor structure of engagement comprising the dimensions of Vigor, Dedication, and Absorption. A single-factor model also fit the data well, suggesting that calculating a general engagement factor is also justifiable. The internal consistency of the scale, as well as its associations with athletic burnout, competition anxiety, personality traits, declared sport level, and number of hours spent in training, provide evidence for sufficient concurrent criterion validity and the reliability of the scale for both research and applied purposes. Study 2, conducted on a sample of athletes taking part in a half marathon run (N = 135), provides evidence for the scale’s predictive criterion validity with respect to objective performance: greater engagement, particularly scores in the Vigor subscale, predicted significantly better running performance. In the discussion, we summarize the present findings, commenting on their limitations and highlighting future research paths for the phenomenon of sport engagement.