bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Factors Associated With Major Amputation in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Long Chandler A. , Mulder Hillary , Fowkes F. Gerry R. , Baumgartner Iris , Berger Jeffrey S. , Katona Brian G. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Norgren Lars , Blomster Juuso I. , Rockhold Frank W. , Hiatt William R. , Patel Manesh R. , Jones W. Schuyler , Nehler Mark R. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, and major amputation. Data on major amputation from a large randomized trial that included a substantial cohort of patients without critical limb ischemia (CLI) have not been described. The objective was to describe the incidence and types of amputations in the EUCLID trial (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease) population, subcategorize amputations in the CLI versus no CLI cohorts, and describe the events surrounding major amputation.

Methods and Results:
Postrandomization major amputation was analyzed in the EUCLID trial. Patients were stratified by baseline CLI status. The occurrence of major amputation was ascertained and defined as the highest level. Perioperative events surrounding major amputation were obtained including acute limb ischemia, revascularization, and all-cause mortality. All variables were assessed for significance in univariable and multivariable models. The rate of major amputation during the course of the trial was 1.6% overall, 8.4% in the CLI at baseline group, and 1.2% in the no CLI at baseline group. The annualized rate of major amputation was 0.6% in PAD overall, 3.9% in the CLI at baseline group, and 0.5% in the no CLI at baseline group. Several factors were associated with increased risk of major amputation, including history of amputation, the presence of diabetes mellitus, baseline Rutherford category 4 to 6, and an ankle-brachial index <0.8. Factors associated with a lower risk for major amputation included prior statin use. The 30-day mortality rate after major amputation was 6.5% overall, 5.6% in the CLI at baseline group, and 6.8% in the no CLI at baseline group. The annual mortality rate following major amputation was 22.8% in the CLI at baseline group and 16.0% in the no CLI at baseline group.

Conclusions:
The risk factors for major amputation in EUCLID patients are similar to previous large registries’ reports except for diabetes mellitus in patients with CLI. The mortality following major amputation is lower in the EUCLID trial compared with registry data.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01732822.
Comment peut-on être dix-huitiémiste en Russie ?
Authors: Karp Sergueï 
Published: July 2020

Résumé
L’auteur fait ici partager plus de 30 ans d’expérience de l’étude du XVIIIe siècle dans les murs d’un institut académique russe. L’évolution de ses propres intérêts et des tendances historiographiques générales, la transformation du milieu académique, les changements dans l’organisation et le financement de la recherche russe sont placés dans le contexte plus large des métamorphoses dramatiques survenues dans son pays depuis la fin de l’ère soviétique jusqu’à nos jours.
Les Lumières âprement disputées en Allemagne de l’Est (RDA). Le cas édifiant de D’Alembert
Authors: Comtesse Dagmar 
Published: July 2020

Résumé
La réception des Lumières en République démocratique allemande (RDA) était particulière. D’une part, la tradition marxiste a découvert la pensée matérialiste dans l’histoire des idées allemande et a reproché à juste titre à la « bourgeoisie idéaliste » de l’avoir marginalisée. D’autre part, l’usage dogmatique de l’ouvrage de Lénine concernant l’épistémologie de Ernst Mach, Matérialisme et empiriocriticisme, empêcha d’apprécier convenablement des penseurs importants comme Jean Le Rond D’Alembert. De plus, la structure répressive de la vie académique en RDA a paralysé la renaissance de la pensée matérialiste. Au lieu de se consacrer aux conditions concrètes de la production du savoir, la pensée matérialiste était entravée par l’obligation de recourir à l’interprétation économique.
Co-optation and Engaged Distance: Sufism, Politics and Society in Contemporary Syria and Morocco
Authors: Golfetto Marco Aurelio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Sufis mainly aspire to the immaterial sphere, but they cannot be simply regarded as indifferent to the fate of the human societies in which they live. In recent years, Sufism has been revaluated as a political subject in the Middle East. Although it has historically had relations with power, it lacks a united and coherent attitude towards politics. Research on two contemporary Sufi orders in Syria and Morocco shows how they have taken the chance to expand their networks, endeavour to fulfil their moral and educational mission, and exert their influence on society. Within favourable political circumstances, they have also gained state recognition as ‘good’ or ‘official’ Islam and confronted their historical opponents among the Salafīs and Islamist organisations.
Luigi Ferdinando Marsili, Hezārfenn and the Coffee: Texts, Documents and Translations
Authors: D’Amora Rosita 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In 1683 Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili volunteered for the troops that Leopold I of Habsburg was recruiting against the army of Mehmet IV, who was about to besiege Vienna. Marsili, though, during the skirmishes preceding the siege, was wounded, captured and brought as a slave to the Ottoman camp where he learned how to prepare coffee and served as a kahveci (coffee maker).
After his ransom, in 1685, he sent to press in Vienna a short treatise entitled Historia medica del cavé (‘Medical history of coffee’). In this work, entirely dedicated to coffee, he combined, according to the empirical spirit of his time, the knowledge of scholarship, with his own personal observations and firsthand experience he had gained during his slavery.
In the central part of his work, Marsili entrusts the task of scientifically explaining the origins, the characteristics and the virtues of the coffee to the Ottoman man of letters Ḥusayn Efendi (Hezārfenn) who Marsili had meet during his stay in Constantinople in 1679. In the Historia Medica, Marsili not only recognizes the authority of Hezārfenn on coffee, but also includes in his text the entire treatise that Hezārfenn had wrote on the subject with a parallel Italian translation.
This paper will compare the multiple contexts of interaction between these two texts and their authors. In particular, it will analyze the way through which Marsili presents and uses the authority of the Ottoman text and inserts it, in its original script, into the core his treatise. By examining Marsili’s interest in Hezārfenn’s works, this paper will also emphasize his role as a cross-boundary mediator who moving back and forth from one culture to the other, as a diplomat as well as a slave, contributed significantly to building those cultural bridges through which the Muslim and the Christian world never stopped learning from each other, even in a setting of constant conflict.
Using the InsideWood web site: Potentials and pitfalls
Authors: Wheeler Elisabeth A. , Gasson Peter E. , Baas Pieter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The InsideWood web site is a freely accessible resource for research and teaching in wood anatomy and includes a multiple-entry key to aid in wood identification. Its database has over 9400 descriptions of fossil and modern woody dicots, representing over 10 000 species and 200 plant families, and is accompanied by over 50 000 images. The descriptions and the multiple key use the numbered features of the IAWA List of Hardwood Features for Wood Identification. The background for creating this web site, the rationale for how descriptions in the database were created, and the basics for using the multiple-entry key are given. The potentials of the ever-expanding and continuously edited database for microscopic wood identification are enormous. Yet many users experience problems when attempting the identification of an unknown sample. The main reasons for this are (1) erroneous or ambiguous interpretation of the IAWA Hardwood features; (2) incomplete coverage of the infraspecific wood anatomical variation in the literature for numerous entries in the InsideWood database. Against this background, we review all individual features of the IAWA Hardwood List and give their frequency in the database, and we suggest how to use their presence or absence in the multiple-entry key. All this is done with an awareness of the limitations of the IAWA Hardwood List and InsideWood. We give two examples of using InsideWood to try to identify an unknown wood. It cannot be overemphasized that it is necessary to consult reference materials (slides, literature descriptions) to verify the identification of an unknown.
Contextualizing the History of the Enslaved
Authors: Schiel Juliane , De Vito Christian G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This introduction highlights the contribution of the special issue to a radical contextualisation of the history of the enslaved. In particular, it suggests that the conditions and circumstances that foster or hamper practices of enslavement need to be studied as part of a broader set of labor relations. And it proposes that shifts in the practices of enslavement are closely related to broader transitions in power relations. This double expansion allows connecting the history of enslavement and the enslaved with broader themes in labor and social history.
The Ragusan “Maids-of-all-Work”
Authors: Schiel Juliane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article discusses bonded labor relations and their changes through the example of Slavic migrant workers in late medieval Ragusa (Dubrovnik). Over roughly 150 years, Ragusa changed from a site of localized, endemic labor exploitation to a commodified labor market with transregional implications. Based on a close examination of notary deeds and legislative acts, the article presents an empirically grounded approach to category formation and a careful reconstruction of the Ragusan grammar of coericon. While labels and classification systems for unskilled Slavic migrants changed over time, they remained the “maids-of-all-work”—a nonspecialist labor force that could be taken into service for a variety of tasks wherever they were needed.
Beyond the Atlantic Paradigm
Authors: Rossi Benedetta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the causes of the resilience of slavery in the region of Tahoua in the Republic of Niger in the West African Sahel. It attributes slavery’s lingering vitality to the semi-autonomous evolution of slavery and abolitionism in this region. It illustrates the historical processes through which, following colonial legal abolition, slavery in Tahoua started being challenged, but not effectively eradicated. The article shows that slavery and abolitionism in the Nigerien Sahel are rooted in different historical processes and discursive genealogies than those that led to the development of colonial abolitionism and international law on slavery and trafficking. It advocates appropriate historical contextualization of slavery-related phenomena in regions where European abolitionism was initially tied to imperialism. In such regions different groups engaged critically with European attitudes toward local slavery. Following decolonization, the rise of Nigerien abolitionist movements was informed both by integration in international humanitarian networks and by engagement with the specific forms of slavery prevalent in local society.
Where Do Those Beautiful Ladies and Wolf’s Footprints Lead Us? The Mādhyamikas on Two Cārvāka/Lokāyata Stanzas
Authors: Del Toso Krishna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This is the second part of a three-part study dealing with the Madhyamaka accounts of, and commentaries on, the Cārvāka/Lokāyata so-called “wolf’s footprint” stanza and tale, and “beautiful lady” stanza. Here Avalokitavrata’s discussion of the tale and the stanzas is dealt with, together with the Tibetan edition and English translation of the corresponding passage from his Prajñāpradīpaṭīkā.
Memory as the Continuation of Politics by Other Means. Yoshida Shigeru’s Japan’s Decisive Century
Authors: Lanna Noemi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the role that diplomat and political leader Yoshida Shigeru (1878–1967) played in shaping postwar Japan’s politics of commemoration, with a focus on the book Japan’s Decisive Century (1967). It identifies, first, the distinctive elements characterising the historical narrative of modern Japan proposed in the book. It then explores Yoshida’s arguments in the light of the political and cultural climate of the 1960s. In particular, it investigates the influence of modernization theory and it considers the analogies and differences between the narratives of war, postwar and modernity presented in Japan’s Decisive Century and the historical interpretations underpinning the government-sponsored initiatives for commemorating the Meiji Centennial (1968). Ultimately, this article seeks to shed light on the implications of Yoshida’s proposed representation of history on the process of identity building in postwar Japan.
Occupational therapy training on palliative and end-of-life care: Scoping review
Authors: Talbot-Coulombe Claudia , Guay Manon 
Published: July 2020

Introduction While occupational therapists promote quality of life enabling occupation, many receive little to no training on palliative and end-of-life care. This study synthesizes relevant literature to find out what is known about training for them on this matter. Methods A scoping review using Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage framework exploring literature on palliative and end-of-life care training in occupational therapy (French or English; undergraduate or graduate). The first author screened the titles, abstracts, and keywords and selected literature to be read by the teams to extract and include relevant knowledge. Corroborated thematic analysis synthesized the findings. Result Out of the 384 publications initially identified, 25 were included in the review. To be trained in palliative and end-of-life care, occupational therapists have to (a) be exposed to knowledge on specific (b) topics required for competent practice using (c) educational strategies supporting learning about palliative and end-of-life care. Conclusion Whereas introductory-level knowledge of palliative and end-of-life care should be offered to all students, advanced training should allow occupational therapists to master the philosophy of this type of care, deepen the understanding of topics such as being confronted with death, and empower them to advocate for their unique contribution.
Supporting workers with lower back injuries to return to work: a meta-ethnography
Authors: Robart Rebecca , Boyle Paul 
Published: July 2020

Introduction Lower back injuries can prevent people from engaging in the occupation of work, which is considered to be beneficial to physical and mental wellbeing. Return-to-work programmes aim to support people to re-engage with work; however, the success of these can be varied. The aim of this review was to explore what factors facilitated a return to work for those in employment, and what the factors may be in preventing others from making a successful return to work. Method A systematic search of the literature identified 10 qualitative research studies, and a meta-ethnographic approach was then used to critique and synthesise the findings to provide a line of argument. Findings Interrogation of the selected studies brought about three third-order interpretations as follows: enabling injured workers to return to work safely; challenging negative assumptions; overcoming organisational barriers. Conclusion The study supports previous findings that emphasise consideration of wider organisational and psychosocial factors relating to supporting people to return to work, rather than focusing solely on the injured worker. Suggestions are made for the modification of current work practices, the need for a strength-based approach to rehabilitation and for occupational therapists who might work with people living with back pain.
Metabolic screen and intervene: improving mental health inpatient metabolic monitoring
Authors: Viglione Luke , Short Brooke L 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To assess rates of metabolic monitoring in patients prescribed antipsychotic medications in the psychiatric inpatient setting and the impact education can have regarding monitoring compliance. Method: Two identical audits were undertaken at a NSW mental health inpatient service before and after a campaign designed to educate mental health workers about the importance of metabolic monitoring. Results from both audits were compared for statistically significant improvements in monitoring rates. Results: Rates of monitoring plasma lipids increased from 21.7% to 78.8% ( p < 0.01) and rates for plasma glucose increased from 20.8% to 73.7% ( p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant changes in rates of monitoring body mass index (83.0% and 77.1%, respectively), waist circumference (36.8% and 43.2%, respectively) and blood pressure (99.1% and 100%, respectively). Conclusion: This study has shown that rates of metabolic monitoring in the inpatient setting can be improved with a relatively low-cost education intervention. While absolute rates remain low, outcomes suggest that it may be worthwhile trialling further modes of education and repeating this education in cycles.
Development of a quality measures tool for the utilization of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: An integrated specialty pharmacy initiative
Authors: Crothers Garrett , Shah Nisha B , Kim Moonjung , Zuckerman Autumn D 
Published: July 2020

Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, commonly prescribed for non-small cell lung cancer, are efficacious but pose safety risks that can diminish quality of life. Quality measures to ensure appropriate utilization and monitoring of tyrosine kinase inhibitors are needed to reduce unnecessary healthcare costs and maximize therapeutic benefit. With integrated clinical and pharmaceutical care services, a health-system specialty pharmacy is the ideal setting for quality measures development. Purpose The purpose of this initiative was to develop a tool to assess quality in the utilization of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer by engaging multiple key stakeholder perspectives to identify the fundamental elements of high-quality clinical and specialty pharmacy care. Summary Quality measures for the utilization of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer were developed by conducting package insert, guideline, and literature review followed by integrating feedback from key stakeholder groups through individual conversations and a structured assessment. The finalized guide assesses safety, efficacy, persistence, and patient-reported outcomes using defined clinical and specialty pharmacy measures. Most stakeholders agreed that the proposed measures were relevant as well as accurate and expressed support for implementation. Conclusions The proposed tool provides a framework for specialty pharmacies to deliver quality care in the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Further work is needed to implement and validate this tool.
Pupil dependence assessment with multifocal intraocular lenses through visual acuity and contrast sensitivity defocus curves
Authors: Fernández Joaquín , Rodríguez-Vallejo Manuel , Martínez Javier , Burguera Noemi , Piñero David P 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To identify the most sensitive visual performance metric for evaluating the pupil-dependency of a multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) and to determine the pupil measurement method most correlated with such metric. Methods: Twenty-seven right eyes implanted with a MIOL were included in the analysis. Three pupil size measurements were obtained preoperatively and at 1 month after surgery with the Keratograph 5M system: photopic (PP), mesopic (MP), and the average from both (AP). Pupil was also measured with a rule (RP) under the same light conditions of postoperative visual performance measurements that included, corrected visual acuities (VA) at three distances (far, 67 cm and 40 cm), visual acuity (VADC) and contrast sensitivity defocus curves for optotype sizes of 0.3 logMAR (CSDC3) and 0.7 logMAR (CSDC7). Differences in visual performance were also analyzed for eyes with RP > 3 mm (Group A) and RP ⩽ 3 mm (Group B). Results: PP diameter decreased after surgery by 16% ( p = 0.001), whereas MP ( p = 0.013) and AP ( p = 0.008) decreased by 10%. The best agreement with RP was obtained for AP. Group B showed a trend to better performance than Group A for all the included metrics ( p > 0.05). From the three types of defocus curves, CSDC3 obtained generally highest statistical power for testing differences between groups. The strongest statistically significant correlations between pupil size and CSDC3 were obtained for RP and AP. Conclusion: The CSDC3 was the most sensitive metric to detect MIOL pupil-dependency. PR and AP were more correlated with CSDC3 than PP and MP.
The Impact of Prolonged Chemotherapy to Surgery Interval and Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy on Pathological Complete Response and Overall Survival in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Azab Basem , Macedo Francisco Igor , Chang David , Ripat Caroline , Franceschi Dido , Livingstone Alan S , Yakoub Danny 
Published: July 2020

Background: We aimed to study the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to surgery (NCT-S) interval and neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NRT) on pathological complete response (pCR) and overall survival (OS) in pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDAC]). Methods: National Cancer Data Base (NCDB)–pancreatectomy patients who underwent NCT/NRT were included. The NCT-S interval was divided into time quintiles in weeks: 8 to 11, 12 to 14, 15 to 19, 20 to 29, and >29 weeks. Results: A total of 2093 patients with NCT were included with median follow-up of 74 months and 71% NRT. The pCR rate was 2.1% with higher median OS compared with non-pCR (41 vs 19 months, P = .03). The pCR rate increased with longer NCT-S interval (quintiles: 1%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 3%, and 6%, P < .001, respectively). In logistic regression, NRT (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-6.1, P = .03) and NCT-S >29 weeks (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 2.02-18.50, P < .001) were predictive of increased pCR. The prolonged NCT-S interval and pCR were independent predictors of OS, whereas NRT was not. Conclusions: Longer NCT-S interval and pCR were independent predictors of improved OS in patients with PDAC. The NRT predicted increased pCR but not OS.