bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of Red-colored Leaves From Eucommia Ulmoides ‘Huazhong No. 12’
Authors: Yang Yun , Chen Jiao Meng , Ding Huan Huan , Zhu Jing Le , Du Yan Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Eucommia ulmoides ‘Oliver’ is an economically important tree species with highly medicinal and ecological values that is naturally distributed in China. E. ulmoides ‘Huazhong No. 12’ (H12) is the only red-leaf genotype of this species. In this study, the pigment contents of H12 and E. ulmoides ‘Huazhong No. 11’ (H11, green leaves) were determined. The differential metabolites in H12 and H11 were detected by UPLC-MS/MS, and the differentially expressed genes were screened by transcriptome. Then the key metabolites and corresponding gene regulation in anthocyanin related metabolic pathway were analyzed.Results: The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents in H12 leaves were lower than H11, while the total anthocyanin content in H12 was 4.06 times higher than in H11. There were 96 up-regulated metabolites in H12, including anthocyanin, proanthocyanidins, flavonoid and flavonol. Among them, four differentially expressed anthocyanins were identified. A total of 8,368 differentially expressed genes were selected from transcriptome between H12 and H11. The flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway, anthocyanin pathway and photosynthetic pathway were analyzed. Finally, EuCHI, EuF3'H, EuF3'5'H, EuDFR and Eu3MaT1 were recommended as the key genes. The cyanidin, cyanidin 3-malonyl-glucoside and cyanidin 3, 5-glucoside were responsible for the H12 red leaves.Conclusion: This study revealed the metabolites and gene regulation of anthocyanin synthesis, and the potential function between the anthocyanin and photosynthetic gene expression in E. ulmoides red leaves. Notably, the results also provided a reference for the study of other plant leaf-coloring mechanisms.
Transcriptomic and Genome-wide Association Study Reveal Long Noncoding RNAs&nbsp;Responding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Maize
Authors: MA PENG , Zhang Xiao , Luo Bowen , Chen Zhen , He Xuan , Zhang Haiying , Li Binyang , Liu Dan , Wu Ling , Gao Shiqiang , Gao Duojiang , Zhang Suzhi , Gao Shibin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in essential biological processes. However, our understanding of lncRNAs as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and their responses to nitrogen stress is still limited.Results: Here, we surveyed the lncRNAs and miRNAs in maize inbred line P178 leaves and roots at the seedling stage under high-nitrogen and low-nitrogen conditions using lncRNA-Seq and small RNA-Seq. A total of 894 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 38 different miRNAs were identified. Co-expression analysis found two lncRNAs and four lncRNA-targets could competitively combine with ZmmiR159 and ZmmiR164, respectively. To dissect the genetic regulatory by which lncRNAs might enable adaptation to limited nitrogen availability. An association mapping panel containing a high-density single–nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array (56,110 SNPs) combined with variable LN resistance-related phenotypes obtained from hydroponics was used for a genome-wide association study (GWAS). By combining GWAS and RNA-Seq, 170 differently expressed lncRNAs within the range of significant markers were screened. Moreover, 40 consistently LN-responsive genes including those involved in glutamine biosynthesis and nitrogen acquisition in root were identified. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated LNC_002923 could inhabit ZmmiR159-guided cleavage of Zm00001d015521. Conclusions: These lncRNAs containing trait-associated significant SNPs could consider to be related to root development and nutrient utilization. Taken together, the results of our study can provide new insights into the potential regulatory roles of lncRNAs in response to LN stress, and give valuable information for further screening of candidates as well as the improvement of maize regarding LN-responsive resistance.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Hyponatremia in Lung Cancer Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bartalis Eszter , Gergics Marin , Tinusz Benedek , Földi Mária , Kiss Szabolcs , Németh Dávid , Solymár Margit , Szakács Zsolt , Hegyi Péter , Mezősi Emese , Bajnok Laszlo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The prevalence of hyponatremia is highly variable among lung cancer patients. It is also an important predictive factor, according to numerous studies. However, its prevalence and prognostic significance in subgroups of lung cancer patients, e.g. in small cell and non-small cell lung cancers (SCLC and NSCLC, respectively), have not yet been evaluated in a meta-analysis.Methods We report this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2009) Statement. We have registered our meta-analysis and review’s protocol to the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, with the following registration number: CRD42020167013. A systematic search was done in the following sources: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, a WHO Global Health Library. We extracted the effect measure for each outcome as the relative risk (RR) with the related 95% confidence interval (CI). Results We identified a total of 8127 potentially eligible studies and we included 25 studies in our evaluation. The prevalence of hyponatremia in lung cancer patients varied between 3% and 56.1% with an average of 23% without any significant differences between the following subgroups: cancer type (p=0.780), gender (p=0.223), age (p=0.773), ECOG state (p=0.317) and the extent of disease (p=0.999). Hyponatremia was more consistently an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC than in SCLC. The overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in hyponatremic compared to normonatremic patients at 10 months (RR: 0.59, 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.74, p<0.001) and at 20 months (RR: 0.44, 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.59, p<0.001), with worse survival rates in NSCLC than in SCLC (27% vs 42%) (p<0.001). If hyponatremia was corrected, OS at 10 months was 1.83 times higher than in the uncorrected hyponatremia group (95% CI, 1.37 to 2.44, p<0.001), but at 20 months no statistically significant difference could be found between these subgroups (p=0.067).Conclusions Low serum sodium levels have a negative impact on mortality at 10 and 20 months, which is more pronounced among NSCLC patients. The correction of hyponatremia has a positive effect on OS rates at 10 months, but this advantage disappears by 20 months.
Current Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines may Miss the High-risk Population in the Real-world Physical Examination Population: A Large Prospective Study
Authors: Ji Guiyi , Bao Ting , Li Zhenzhen , Tang Huairong , Liu Dan , Yang Ping , Li Weimin , Huang Yan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite much research published on lung cancer screening, China has had no large-scale study on the missed diagnosis of lung cancer in physical examination population. We therefore did a real-world study using the current lung cancer screening guidelines to the physical examination population in China to determine the proportion of lung cancer cases that have been missed.Methods: A real-world prospective cohort study of screening, with the use of low-dose computed tomography, was conducted among people who took yearly health checkup in health management center of West China Hospital between 2006 and 2017. We respectively used current guidelines including lung cancer screening guidelines of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and expert consensus on low dose spiral CT lung cancer screening in China. Results: In a total of 15996 participants with physical examination who completed the baseline screening, 6779 (42.4%) subjects had at least one positive finding, and 142 (2.1%) cases of lung cancer were screened positive. The false positive rate was 97.9%. Of 142 lung cancer cases detected in our study, only 9.2% met the lung cancer screening guidelines proposed by the USPSTF, and 24.4% met that of China. The rates of missed diagnosis were as high as 90.8% and 75.6% respectively. In addition, we did an in-depth analysis by gender. We found that among male lung cancer patients, the proportion of smokers was 75%, and the proportion of young people under 50 was 23.2%. Among female patients with lung cancer, the proportion of smokers was only 5.8%, and the proportion of young people under 50 was up to 33.3%.Conclusions: The rate of missed diagnosis was as high as 90.8% applying the current lung cancer screening guidelines to the physical examination population in China. Further study to determine screening guidelines for targeted populations, is warranted.
Screening is Associated with Lower Mastectomy Rates in Eastern Switzerland Beyond Stage Effects
Authors: Herrmann Christian , Morant Rudolf , Walser Esther , Mousavi Mohsen , Thürlimann Beat 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesA recent study found an influence of organized mammography screening programmes (MSPs) on geographical and temporal variation of mastectomy rates. We aimed to quantify the effect on the example of one of the cantonal programmes in Switzerland.MethodsWe used incidence data for the years 2010-2017 from the cancer registry of Eastern Switzerland. We included women with invasive-non-metastatic breast cancer (BC) in the screening age group 50-69-year-olds in the canton of St.Gallen. We compared mastectomy rates among cancer patients detected through the organised screening programme (MSP) vs. otherwise detected by stage.ResultsMSP-detected patients in St.Gallen presented with lower stages. 95% of MSP-detected had stages I-II vs 76% of Non-MSP-detected. Within all non-metastatic stage, tumour size and nodal status groups, MSP-detected patients had lower mastectomy rates, overall 10% vs 24% in 50-69-year-old non-participants. Their odds of receiving a mastectomy are about half of the Non-MSP-detected (OR=0.48, p=0.002).ConclusionsOur study showed that MSPs have a positive effect on lowering mastectomy rates. Screening participants are significantly less likely to receive a mastectomy compared to non-participants, which must be attributed to additional factors than just lower stages. Lower mastectomy rates lead to a higher quality of life for many patients.
Coagulopathy and Its Associated Factors Among Bleeding Diathesis Patients Attending at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
Authors: Aynalem Melak , Shiferaw Elias , Gelaw Yemataw , Enawgaw Bamlaku 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Coagulopathy is the major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Globally, about 26 - 45% of healthy people have a history of bleeding symptoms, which may be a result of thrombocytopenia, factor deficiency, or pathological inhibitory.Objective: To assess coagulopathy and its associated factors among bleeding diathesis patients attending at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital from January to May 2020.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 study participants with bleeding diathesis recruited by using a convenient sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by using questioners. Then 6ml venous blood was collected with a needle and syringe method. About 3ml blood was transferred to EDTA test tube for platelet count and 2.7ml blood was transferred to a test tube containing 0.3ml of 3.2% sodium citrated anticoagulant for coagulation test. For those study participants with prolonged coagulation tests, a mixing test was done to differentiate the causes of coagulopathy whether factor deficiency or inhibitors. Blood film and stool examination were also done for malaria and intestinal parasite identification, respectively. The data were entered into EPI-Info version 3.5.3 and then transferred to SPSS version-20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were summarized as percentages, means, and standard deviations. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors, and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: In this study, the prevalence of coagulopathy was 253/384 (65.9%; 95% CI: 61.16, 70.64). From them, 21.3% (54/253), 51.4% (130/253), and 27.3% (69/253) had only thrombocytopenia, only prolonged coagulation test, and mixed abnormality, respectively. Among participants with prolonged coagulation time, the prevalence of factor deficiency was 21.1% (42/199). Cardiac disease (AOR = 4.80; 95% CI: 2.65, 23.1), and other chronic diseases (AOR = 8.1; 95% CI: 1.84, 35.58) were significantly associated with coagulopathy.Conclusion: Coagulopathy due to inhibitory was a public health problem. The participant with cardiac and other chronic disease was associated with coagulopathy. Therefore, mixing tests could done for all prolonged coagulation test and it could be considered as a routine laboratory test.
The Correlation Between Vitamin D at Birth and Growth at 6 Months of Age in Twins: from a Prospective Longitudinal Birth Cohort
Authors: Li Xin , Yu Jiaxiao , Wen Li , Yan Jianying , Tian Jing , Tong Chao , Tong Qi , Qi Hongbo , Saffery Richard , Kilby Mark D. , Baker Philip N. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue in women and children, is associated with adverse impacts on child growth, such as rickets. However, prior studies have mainly focused on measuring vitamin D levels in singleton pregnant women and their offspring, very limited studies have revealed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in twin pregnant women and their offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate vitamin D levels in twin pregnant women and their neonates. We also explored the correlation of maternal vitamin D levels with neonatal outcomes and infant growth. Methods: A prospective subcohort investigation was carried out among 72 dichorionic twin pregnant mothers and their twin offspring from the Longitudinal Twin Study. Peripheral blood was collected from the mothers in the third trimester and cord blood was collected form neonates at birth to identify 25[OH]D levels. Data on the characteristics of the mothers and neonates were collected. Infant growth data and food sensitivities were also collected. Results: The average maternal 25[OH]D level was 31.78 ng/mL, with 19.4% being deficiency and 20.8% insufficiency, while the average neonatal 25[OH]D level was 15.37 ng/mL, with 99.3% being deficiency or insufficiency. A positive correlation was found between maternal and neonatal 25[OH]D levels (beta-value: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.49). Interestingly, the higher the maternal 25[OH]D level was, the smaller the co-twins birthweight discordance (beta-value: -2.67, 95% CI: -5.11, -0.23). In addition, the infants of mothers with vitamin D deficiency were more likely to be allergic to foods at six months than those of mothers with vitamin D sufficiency. Conclusions: Twin neonates were at extremely high risk of vitamin D deficiency although their mothers’ vitamin D deficiency partially improved. Higher maternal vitamin D level was associated with smaller discordance of co-twins birthweight.Trial registration: ChiCTR-OOC-16008203
Negligible Therapeutic Impact, False-positives, Overdiagnosis and Lead-time Are the Reasons Why Radiographs Bring More Harm Than Benefits in the Caries Diagnosis of Preschool Children: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial&nbsp;
Authors: Pontes Laura Regina Antunes , Lara Juan Sebastian , Novaes Tatiane Fernandes , Freitas Julia Gomes , Gimenez Thais , Moro Bruna Lorena Pereira , Maia Haline Cunha Medeiros , Imparato José Carlos Pettorossi , Braga Mariana Minatel , Raggio Daniela Prócida , Mendes Fausto Medeiros 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the clinical course and interventions required during two years of follow-up of dental surfaces of deciduous molars diagnosed, and consequently treated, by two different strategies: diagnosis made by clinical examination alone or associated with radiographs.Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a two-arm randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups related to the diagnostic strategy for caries detection in preschool children. 216 children (3 to 6 years old) were followed-up for two years. All dental surfaces were diagnosed by visual inspection and later, through radiographic assessment. Baseline treatment was made in accordance with the results obtained by visual inspection performed alone or combined with radiographic method, considering the allocated group. Dental surfaces with no restoration needs, or those restored at the beginning of the study were followed-up for two years. The treatment decision was made according to the allocated group. The outcome was the occurrence of failure (a new caries lesion or a restoration replacement) during the follow-up. Results: 4,383 proximal and occlusal surfaces of deciduous molars in 216 preschool children were diagnosed and treated according to the abovementioned diagnostic strategies and followed-up for 24 months. The assessment of radiographs made change the initial decision reached by visual inspection in about 30% of the surfaces when all types of interventions were considered. However, most disagreements occurred for initial lesions, where radiographs tended to underestimate them. Discordances between methods occurred in less than 5% of all surfaces when considered lesions requiring operative treatment. For discrepancy cases, the placed interventions guided by following the radiographic results did not present less failures against those made following only visual inspection. As a matter of fact, the use of radiographs in the diagnostic strategy for caries detection in children brought more harms than benefits due to the occurrence of false-positives, overdiagnosis and lead-time bias.Conclusions: Simultaneous association of visual inspection and radiographic assessment for caries detection in preschool children causes more harms than benefits, and therefore, visual inspection should be conducted alone in the regular clinical practice.Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov platform: NCT02078453, registered on 5th March 2014
SARS-CoV-2: Characterisation and Mitigation of Risks Associated with Aerosol Generating Procedures (AGPs) in Dental Practices
Authors: Ehtezazi Touraj , Evans David G. , Jenkinson Ian D. , Evans Philip , Vadgama VJ , Vadgama Jaimini , Jarad Fadi , Grey Nicholas , Chilcott Robert P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to characterise the particle size distribution of aerosols generated by standard dental aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) and to assess the impact of aerosol management interventions on ‘fallow time’. Aerosol management interventions included combinations of high-volume intra-oral suction (HVS(IO)), high volume extra-oral suction (HVS(EO)) and an air cleaning system (ACS). A sequence of six AGPs were performed in succession on a phantom head. Real-time aerosol measurements (size range 0.0062 – 9.6 µm) were taken using a high-resolution particle sizer acquiring air samples from six locations within a typical dental treatment room (35 m3). The majority (>99%) of AGP particles were < 0.3 µm diameter and remained at significant levels around the dental team during the AGPs. This emphasises the importance of personal protection equipment, particularly, the use of properly fitted respiratory protection to the appropriate (FFP3) standard. In the absence of active aerosol management interventions, AGP particles were estimated to remain above the baseline range for around 25-31 minutes from the end of the sequence of procedures. It was found that HVS(IO), either alone or in combination with the ACS, reduced particle concentrations to baseline levels on completion of AGPs. These data indicated that there is scope to reduce fallow time to 0 minutes.
Epidemiological and Clinical Risk Factors Related to Severe COVID-19 in Iran: A multi-center study
Authors: Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad , Tabatabaei Seyed Mohammad Nasiraldin , Ansari-moghaddam Alireza , Mohammadi Mahdi , Okati-Aliabad Hassan , Tabatabaei Seyed Mehdi , Ansari Hossein , Abbasi Mohammadhadi , Sheikhzadeh Khodadad , Baygi Mehdi Zanganeh , Sartipi Majid , Sanei-Sistani Sharareh , Khorashad Ali Reza Salimi , Ansari-Moghadam Fatemeh , Torab Neda , Khalili Tahereh , Miri-Aliabad Ghasem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Iran was one of the first countries to be affected by COVID-19. Identifying factors associated with severity of COVID-19 is effective in disease management. This study investigated the epidemiological and clinical features and factors associated with severity of COVID-19 in one of the less privileged areas in Iran.Methods In a multi-center study, all patients admitted to hospitals of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences located in southeastern Iran were investigated from February 29 to April 31, 2020. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical data of patients were extracted from medical records. To explore the risk factors associated with severity of COVID-19, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used.Results Among the 413 patients, 55.5% were male and 145 (35.10%) were in a severe condition at admission time. Multivariate analysis showed that the adjusted odds of the disease severity increased in patients with older age (OR 3.51; 95% CI, 2.28-5.40), substance abuse (OR 2.22; 95% CI, 2.05-5.78) and at least one underlying disease (OR 3.45; 95% CI, 1.01-1.32).Conclusions COVID-19 was more severe in older patients, patients with a history of substance abuse, and patients with at least one underlying disease. Understanding the factors affecting the disease severity can help for clinical management of COVID-19, especially in less privileged areas where fewer resources are available.
Mining Revenue Optimization Algorithm of Miners in PoW-based Blockchain Networks
Authors: Chen Yourong , Chen Hao , Han Meng , Liu Banteng , Chen Qiuxia , Ma Zhenghua , Wang Zhangquan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to improve the revenues of attack mining pools and miners under block withholding attack, we propose the mining revenue optimization algorithm (MROA) of miners in PoW-based blockchain network. MROA establishes the revenue optimization model of each attack mining pool and revenue optimization model of entire mining attack pools under block withholding attack with the mathematical formulas such as attack mining pool selection, effective computing power, mining cost and revenue. Then MROA solves the model by using the modified artificial bee colony algorithm based on Pareto. Namely, employed bee operations include evaluation value calculation, selection probability calculation, crossover operation, mutation operation and Pareto domination calculation, and can update each food source. The onlooker bee operations include confirmation probability calculation, crowding degree calculation, neighborhood crossover operation, neighborhood mutation operation and Pareto domination calculation, and can find the optimal food source in multidimensional space with smaller distribution density. Scout bee operations delete the local optimal food source which cannot produce new food sources to ensure the diversity of solutions. The simulation results show that no matter how the number of attack mining pools and the number of miners change, MROA can find a reasonable miner work plan for each attack mining pool, which improves minimum revenue, average revenue and the evaluation value of optimal solution, and reduces the spacing value and variance of revenue solution set. MROA outperforms the state-of-arts such as ABC, NSGA2 and MOPSO.