bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients without traditional risk factors: an RE-LY AF registry analysis
Authors: Kloosterman Mariëlle , Oldgren Jonas , Conen David , Wong Jorge A , Connolly Stuart J , Avezum Alvaro , Yusuf Salim , Ezekowitz Michael D , Wallentin Lars , Ntep-Gweth Marie , Joseph Philip , Barrett Tyler W , Tanosmsup Supachai , McIntyre William F , Lee Shun Fu , Parkash Ratika , Amit Guy , Grinvalds Alex , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Healey Jeff S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Data on patient characteristics, prevalence, and outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients without traditional risk factors, often labelled ‘lone AF’, are sparse.

Methods and results
The RE-LY AF registry included 15 400 individuals who presented to emergency departments with AF in 47 countries. This analysis focused on patients without traditional risk factors, including age ≥60 years, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy, congenital heart disease, pulmonary disease, valve heart disease, hyperthyroidism, and prior cardiac surgery. Patients without traditional risk factors were compared with age- and region-matched controls with traditional risk factors (1:3 fashion). In 796 (5%) patients, no traditional risk factors were present. However, 98% (779/796) had less-established or borderline risk factors, including borderline hypertension (130–140/80–90 mmHg; 47%), chronic kidney disease (eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min; 57%), obesity (body mass index &gt; 30; 19%), diabetes (5%), excessive alcohol intake (&gt;14 units/week; 4%), and smoking (25%). Compared with patients with traditional risk factors (n = 2388), patients without traditional risk factors were more often men (74% vs. 59%, P &lt; 0.001) had paroxysmal AF (55% vs. 37%, P &lt; 0.001) and less AF persistence after 1 year (21% vs. 49%, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, 1-year stroke occurrence rate (0.6% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.013) and heart failure hospitalizations (0.9% vs. 12.5%, P &lt; 0.001) were lower. However, risk of AF-related re-hospitalization was similar (18% vs. 21%, P = 0.09).

Conclusion
Almost all patients without traditionally defined AF risk factors have less-established or borderline risk factors. These patients have a favourable 1-year prognosis, but risk of AF-related re-hospitalization remains high. Greater emphasis should be placed on recognition and management of less-established or borderline risk factors.
Azimuthal anisotropy in the wider Vienna basin region: a proxy for the present-day stress field and deformation
Authors: Schippkus Sven , Zigone Dimitri , Bokelmann Götz ,   AlpArray Working Group, Hetényi G , Abreu R , Allegretti I , Apoloner M-T , Aubert C , Besançon S , Bès De Berc M , Bokelmann G , Brunel D , Capello M , Čarman M , Cavaliere A , Chèze J , Chiarabba C , Clinton J , Cougoulat G , Crawford W C , Cristiano L , Czifra T , D'alema E , Danesi S , Daniel R , Dannowski A , Dasović I , Deschamps A , Dessa J-X , Doubre C , Egdorf S ,   ETHZ-Sed Electronics Lab, Fiket T , Fischer K , Friederich W , Fuchs F , Funke S , Giardini D , Govoni A , Gráczer Z , Gröschl G , Heimers S , Heit B , Herak D , Herak M , Huber J , Jarić D , Jedlička P , Jia Y , Jund H , Kissling E , Klingen S , Klotz B , Kolínský P , Kopp H , Korn M , Kotek J , Kühne L , Kuk K , Lange D , Loos J , Lovati S , Malengros D , Margheriti L , Maron C , Martin X , Massa M , Mazzarini F , Meier T , Métral L , Molinari I , Moretti M , Munzarová H , Nardi A , Pahor J , Paul A , Péquegnat C , Petersen D , Pesaresi D , Piccinini D , Piromallo C , Plenefisch T , Plomerová J , Pondrelli S , Prevolnik S , Racine R , Régnier M , Reiss M , Ritter J , Rümpker G , Salimbeni S , Santulin M , Scherer W , Schippkus S , Schulte-Kortnack D , Šipka v , Solarino S , Spallarossa D , Spieker K , Stipčević J , Strollo A , Süle B , Szanyi G , Szücs E , Thomas C , Thorwart M , Tilmann F , Ueding S , Vallocchia M , Vecsey L , Voigt R , Wassermann J , Wéber Z , Weidle C , Wesztergom v , Weyland G , Wiemer S , Wolf F , Wolyniec D , Zieke T , Živčić M 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYWe infer seismic azimuthal anisotropy from ambient-noise-derived Rayleigh waves in the wider Vienna Basin region. Cross-correlations of the ambient seismic field are computed for 1953 station pairs and periods from 5 to 25 s to measure the directional dependence of interstation Rayleigh-wave group velocities. We perform the analysis for each period on the whole data set, as well as in overlapping 2°-cells to regionalize the measurements, to study expected effects from isotropic structure, and isotropic–anisotropic trade-offs. To extract azimuthal anisotropy that relates to the anisotropic structure of the Earth, we analyse the group velocity residuals after isotropic inversion. The periods discussed in this study (5–20 s) are sensitive to crustal structure, and they allow us to gain insight into two distinct mechanisms that result in fast orientations. At shallow crustal depths, fast orientations in the Eastern Alps are S/N to SSW/NNE, roughly normal to the Alps. This effect is most likely due to the formation of cracks aligned with the present-day stress-field. At greater depths, fast orientations rotate towards NE, almost parallel to the major fault systems that accommodated the lateral extrusion of blocks in the Miocene. This is coherent with the alignment of crystal grains during crustal deformation occurring along the fault systems and the lateral extrusion of the central part of the Eastern Alps.
Taurine treatment of retinal degeneration and cardiomyopathy in a consanguineous family with SLC6A6 taurine transporter deficiency
Authors: Ansar Muhammad , Ranza Emmanuelle , Shetty Madhur , Paracha Sohail A , Azam Maleeha , Kern Ilse , Iwaszkiewicz Justyna , Farooq Omer , Pournaras Constantin J , Malcles Ariane , Kecik Mateusz , Rivolta Carlo , Muzaffar Waqar , Qurban Aziz , Ali Liaqat , Aggoun Yacine , Santoni Federico A , Makrythanasis Periklis , Ahmed Jawad , Qamar Raheel , Sarwar Muhammad T , Henry L Keith , Antonarakis Stylianos E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In a consanguineous Pakistani family with two affected individuals, a homozygous variant Gly399Val in the eighth transmembrane domain of the taurine transporter SLC6A6 was identified resulting in a hypomorph transporting capacity of ~15% compared with normal. Three-dimensional modeling of this variant has indicated that it likely causes displacement of the Tyr138 (TM3) side chain, important for transport of taurine. The affected individuals presented with rapidly progressive childhood retinal degeneration, cardiomyopathy and almost undetectable plasma taurine levels. Oral taurine supplementation of 100 mg/kg/day resulted in maintenance of normal blood taurine levels. Following approval by the ethics committee, a long-term supplementation treatment was introduced. Remarkably, after 24-months, the cardiomyopathy was corrected in both affected siblings, and in the 6-years-old, the retinal degeneration was arrested, and the vision was clinically improved. Similar therapeutic approaches could be employed in Mendelian phenotypes caused by the dysfunction of the hundreds of other molecular transporters.
Extendingp-divisible Groups and Barsotti–Tate Deformation Ring in the Relative Case
Authors: Moon Yong Suk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLet $k$ be a perfect field of characteristic $p&gt; 2$, and let $K$ be a finite totally ramified extension of $W(k)\big[\frac{1}{p}\big]$ of ramification degree $e$. We consider an unramified base ring $R_0$ over $W(k)$ satisfying certain conditions, and let $R = R_0\otimes _{W(k)}\mathcal{O}_K$. Examples of such $R$ include $R = \mathcal{O}_K[\![s_1, \ldots , s_d]\!]$ and $R = \mathcal{O}_K\langle t_1^{\pm 1}, \ldots , t_d^{\pm 1}\rangle $. We show that the generalization of Raynaud’s theorem on extending $p$-divisible groups holds over the base ring $R$ when $e &lt; p-1$, whereas it does not hold when $R = \mathcal{O}_K[\![s]\!]$ with $e \geq p$. As an application, we prove that if $R$ has Krull dimension $2$ and $e &lt; p-1$, then the locus of Barsotti–Tate representations of $\textrm{Gal}(\overline{R}\big[\frac{1}{p}\big]/R\big[\frac{1}{p}\big])$ cuts out a closed subscheme of the universal deformation scheme. If $R = \mathcal{O}_K[\![s]\!]$ with $e \geq p$, we prove that such a locus is not $p$-adically closed.
Emergency Department Visits for Opioid Overdoses Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Jairam Vikram , Yang Daniel X , Yu James B , Park Henry S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with cancer may be at risk of high opioid use due to physical and psychosocial factors, although little data exist to inform providers and policymakers. Our aim is to examine overdoses from opioids leading to emergency department (ED) visits among patients with cancer in the United States.

Methods
The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample was queried for all adult cancer-related patient visits with a primary diagnosis of opioid overdose between 2006 and 2015. Temporal trends and baseline differences between patients with and without opioid-related ED visits were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with opioid overdose. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
Between 2006 and 2015, there were a weighted total of 35 339 opioid-related ED visits among patients with cancer. During this time frame, the incidence of opioid-related ED visits for overdose increased twofold (P &lt; .001). On multivariable regression (P &lt; .001), comorbid diagnoses of chronic pain (odds ratio [OR] 4.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.13 to 4.93), substance use disorder (OR = 3.54, 95% CI = 3.28 to 3.82), and mood disorder (OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 3.16 to 3.65) were strongly associated with an opioid-related visit. Patients with head and neck cancer (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.82 to 2.28) and multiple myeloma (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.32 to 2.26) were also at risk for overdose.

Conclusions
Over the study period, the incidence of opioid-related ED visits in patients with cancer increased approximately twofold. Comorbid diagnoses and primary disease site may predict risk for opioid overdose.
Exploring the radial disc ionization profile of the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105
Authors: Shreeram Soumya , Ingram Adam 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Accreting black holes show characteristic ‘reflection’ features in their X-ray spectra, including the iron K α fluorescence line, which result from X-rays radiated by a compact central corona being reprocessed in the accretion disc atmosphere. The observed line profile is distorted by relativistic effects, providing a diagnostic for disc geometry. Nearly all previous X-ray reflection spectroscopy studies have made the simplifying assumption that the disc ionization state is independent of radius in order to calculate the rest-frame reflection spectrum. However, this is unlikely to be the case in reality, since the irradiating flux should drop off steeply with radius. Here, we analyse a Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array observation of GRS 1915+105 that exhibits strong reflection features. We find that using a self-consistently calculated radial ionization profile returns a better fit than assuming constant ionization. Our results are consistent with the inner disc being radiation-pressure dominated, as is expected from the high inferred accretion rate for this observation. We also find that the assumed ionization profile impacts on the best-fitting disc inner radius. This implies that the black hole spin values previously inferred for active galactic nuclei and X-ray binaries by equating the disc inner radius with the innermost stable circular orbit may be changed significantly by the inclusion of a self-consistent ionization profile.
Unravelling the unusually curved X-ray spectrum of RGB J0710 + 591 using AstroSat observations
Authors: Goswami Pranjupriya , Sinha Atreyee , Chandra Sunil , Misra Ranjeev , Chitnis Varsha , Gogoi Rupjyoti , Sahayanathan Sunder , Stalin C S , Singh K P , Yadav J S 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We report the analysis of simultaneous multiwavelength data of the high-energy-peaked blazar RGB J0710 + 591 from the Large Area X-ray Proportional Counters, Soft X-ray focusing Telescope, and Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) instruments onboard AstroSat. The wide band X-ray spectrum (0.35–30 keV) is modelled as synchrotron emission from a non-thermal distribution of high-energy electrons. The spectrum is unusually curved, with a curvature parameter βp ∼ 6.4 for a log parabola particle distribution, or a high-energy spectral index p2 &gt; 4.5 for a broken power-law distribution. The spectrum shows more curvature than an earlier quasi-simultaneous analysis of Swift–XRT/NuSTAR data where the parameters were βp ∼ 2.2 or p2 ∼ 4. It has long been known that a power-law electron distribution can be produced from a region where particles are accelerated under Fermi process and the radiative losses in acceleration site decide the maximum attainable Lorentz factor, γmax. Consequently, this quantity decides the energy at which the spectrum curves steeply. We show that such a distribution provides a more natural explanation for the AstroSat data as well as the earlier XRT/NuSTAR observation, making this as the first well-constrained determination of the photon energy corresponding to γmax. This in turn provides an estimate of the acceleration time-scale as a function of magnetic field and Doppler factor. The UVIT observations are consistent with earlier optical/UV measurements and reconfirm that they plausibly correspond to a different radiative component than the one responsible for the X-ray emission.
Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves: wave nature and prospects for detection
Authors: Meena Ashish Kumar , Bagla Jasjeet Singh 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We discuss the gravitational lensing of gravitational wave (GW) signals from coalescing binaries. We delineate the regime where wave effects are significant from the regime where geometric limit can be used. Further, we focus on the effect of microlensing and the combined effect of strong lensing and microlensing. We find that microlensing combined with strong lensing can introduce time varying phase shift in the signal and hence can lead to detectable differences in the signal observed for different images produced by strong lensing. This, coupled with the coarse localization of signal source in the sky for GW detections, can make it difficult to identify the common origin of signal corresponding to different images and use observables like time delay. In case we can reliably identify corresponding images, microlensing of individual images can be used as a tool to constrain properties of microlenses. Sources of gravitational waves can undergo microlensing due to lenses in the disc/halo of the Galaxy, or due to lenses in an intervening galaxy even in absence of strong lensing. In general the probability for this is small with one exception: extragalactic sources of GWs that lie in the galactic plane are highly likely to be microlensed. Wave effects are extremely important for such cases. In case of detections of such sources with low signal-to-noise ratio, the uncertainty of occurrence of microlensing or otherwise introduces an additional uncertainty in the parameters of the source.
Kidney function and symptom development over time in elderly patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: results of the EQUAL cohort study
Authors: Janmaat Cynthia J , van Diepen Merel , Meuleman Yvette , Chesnaye Nicholas C , Drechsler Christiane , Torino Claudia , Wanner Christoph , Postorino Maurizio , Szymczak Maciej , Evans Marie , Caskey Fergus J , Jager Kitty J , Dekker Friedo W ,   the EQUAL Study Investigators
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Initiation of renal replacement therapy often results from a combination of kidney function deterioration and symptoms related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. We investigated the association between kidney function decline and symptom development in patients with advanced CKD.

Methods
In the European Quality study on treatment in advanced CKD (EQUAL study), a European prospective cohort study, patients with advanced CKD aged ≥65 years and a kidney function that dropped &lt;20 mL/min/1.73 m2 were followed for 1 year. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the association between kidney function decline and symptom development. The sum score for symptom number ranged from 0 to 33 and for overall symptom severity from 0 to 165, using the Dialysis Symptom Index.

Results
At least one kidney function estimate with symptom number or overall symptom severity was available for 1109 and 1019 patients, respectively. The mean (95% confidence interval) annual kidney function decline was 1.70 (1.32; 2.08) mL/min/1.73 m2. The mean overall increase in symptom number and severity was 0.73 (0.28; 1.19) and 2.93 (1.34; 4.52) per year, respectively. A cross-sectional association between the level of kidney function and symptoms was lacking. Furthermore, kidney function at cohort entry was not associated with symptom development. However, each mL/min/1.73 m2 of annual kidney function decline was associated with an extra annual increase of 0.23 (0.07; 0.39) in the number of symptoms and 0.87 (0.35; 1.40) in overall symptom severity.

Conclusions
A faster kidney function decline was associated with a steeper increase in both symptom number and severity. Considering the modest association, our results seem to suggest that repeated thorough assessment of symptom development during outpatient clinic visits, in addition to the monitoring of kidney function decline, is important for clinical decision-making.
The Use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Low-Grade Glioma Resection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Almekkawi Ahmad Kareem , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y , Wu Eva M , Abunimer Abdullah M , Abi-Aad Karl R , Aoun Salah G , Plitt Aaron R , El Tecle Najib E , Patel Toral , Stummer Walter , Bendok Bernard R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
For optimizing high-grade glioma resection, 5-aminolevulinic acid is a reliable tool. However, its efficacy in low-grade glioma resection remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To study the role of 5-aminolevulinic acid in low-grade glioma resection and assess positive fluorescence rates and the effect on the extent of resection.

METHODS
A systematic review of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane was performed from the date of inception to February 1, 2019. Studies that correlated 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence with low-grade glioma in the setting of operative resection were selected. Studies with biopsy only were excluded. Positive fluorescence rates were calculated. The quality index of the selected papers was provided. No patient information was used, so Institutional Review Board approval and patient consent were not required.

RESULTS
A total of 12 articles met the selection criteria with 244 histologically confirmed low-grade glioma patients who underwent microsurgical resection. All patients received 20 mg/kg body weight of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Only 60 patients (n = 60/244; 24.5%) demonstrated visual intraoperative 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence. The extent of resection was reported in 4 studies; however, the data combined low- and high-grade tumors. Only 2 studies reported on tumor location. Only 3 studies reported on clinical outcomes. The Zeiss OPMI Pentero microscope was most commonly used across all studies. The average quality index was 14.58 (range: 10-17), which correlated with an overall good quality.

CONCLUSION
There is an overall low correlation between 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence and low-grade glioma. Advances in visualization technology and using standardized fluorescence quantification methods may further improve the visualization and reliability of 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence in low-grade glioma resection.
One-Stage Anteroposterior Extensive Atlantoaxial Osteotomy Correction With 16 Months Follow-up: Technical Case Report
Authors: Ma Xiangyang , Wang Binbin , Yang Jincheng , Xia Hong , Wang Guoliang , Wang Weijian , Wang Jian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Patients with severe thoracic or lumbar deformities can achieve satisfactory correction through appropriate osteotomies. However, patients with multiple craniocervical malformations commonly undergo conservative or finite surgical therapy mainly because of the involvement of the vertebral artery. Anterior oral meningocele is an extremely rare pathology that has not been previously reported. Here, we provide the first report of complex craniocervical anomalies combined with oral meningocele treated with a 1-stage anteroposterior atlantoaxial osteotomy correction surgery, with outcomes after 16 mo follow-up.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 10-yr-old boy presented with recurrent dyspnea, cyanosis, and progressive torticollis. Imaging studies revealed complicated bony abnormalities accompanied by an anterior oral meningocele. A 1-stage extensive atlantoaxial osteotomy through anterior and posterior approaches was performed with an innovatively designed vertebral artery exclusion technique. Lumbar cistern drainage and ceftazidime were used to address the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and intracranial infection.

CONCLUSION
The satisfactory outcome demonstrates the feasibility of extensive atlantoaxial osteotomy via a vertebral artery exclusion technique that might also be applicable to osteotomy in segments of C3-C6.
Minimally Invasive Laminotomy for Contralateral “Over-the-Top” Foraminal Decompression Using 3-Dimensional Total Navigation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Kirnaz Sertac , Wipplinger Christoph , Schmidt Franziska Anna , Hernandez R Nick , Hussain Ibrahim , Härtl Roger 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This video demonstrates the step-by-step surgical technique for the minimally invasive laminotomy for contralateral “over-the-top” foraminal decompression. This technique allows for excellent decompression with clearance of the contralateral recess and foramen. In the video, we present the case of a 51-yr-old female patient with a past medical history of left L5-S1 microdiscectomy who presented in clinic with residual/recurrent foraminal disc herniation at L5-S1 compressing the left L5 nerve root. The patient had left lower extremity pain in the left hip and thigh that radiated down the front and side of the leg, as well as tingling and numbness in the left foot. The patient was treated via a L5-S1 microdiscectomy using a portable intraoperative computed tomography scanner, (Airo®, Brainlab AG, Feldkirchen, Germany), combined with 3-dimensional (3D) computer navigation. Patient consent was obtained prior to performing the procedure. The main advantage of this technique is the direct “over-the-top” trajectory to the foraminal pathology that minimizes the need of facet joint resection. The use of 3D navigation facilitates surgical planning and further minimizes facet joint compromise. Particularly, the inferior facet contralateral to the approach side as well as its outer capsular surroundings can be preserved. Recent biomechanical studies have shown that “over-the-top” decompression produces significantly less instability than a traditional open midline laminectomy.