bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical and numerical seismic assessment of heritage masonry towers
Authors: Torelli Giacomo , D’Ayala Dina , Betti Michele , Bartoli Gianni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The new Italian building code, published in 2018 [MIT in NTC 2018: D.M. del Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei trasporti del 17/01/2018. Aggiornamento delle Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni (in Italian), 2018], explicitly refers to the Italian “Guidelines for the assessment and mitigation of the seismic risk of the cultural heritage” [PCM in DPCM 2011: Direttiva del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri per valutazione e riduzione del rischio sismico del patrimonio culturale con riferimento alle norme tecniche per le costruzioni, G.U. n. 47 (in Italian), 2011] as a reliable source of guidance that can be employed for the vulnerability assessment of heritage buildings under seismic loads. According to these guidelines, three evaluation levels are introduced to analyse and assess the seismic capacity of historic masonry structures, namely: (1) simplified global static analyses; (2) kinematic analyses based on local collapse mechanisms, (3) detailed global analyses. Because of the complexity and the large variety of existing masonry typologies, which makes it particularly problematic to adopt a unique procedure for all existing structures, the guidelines provide different simplified analysis approaches for different structural configurations, e.g. churches, palaces, towers. Among the existing typologies of masonry structures there considered, this work aims to deepen validity, effectiveness and scope of application of the Italian guidelines with respect to heritage masonry towers. The three evaluation levels proposed by the guidelines are here compared by discussing the seismic risk assessment of a representative masonry tower: the Cugnanesi tower located in San Gimignano (Italy). The results show that global failure modes due to local stress concentrations cannot be identified if only simplified static and kinematic analyses are performed. Detailed global analyses are in fact generally needed for a reliable prediction of the seismic performance of such structures.
Development and Evaluation of a Swedish Short Version of the Questionnaire About the Process of Recovery (QPR)
Authors: Mona Eklund , Sandra Neil , Elisabeth Argentzell 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim was to develop a short version of the Swedish Process of Recovery Questionnaire (QPR-Swe) for use with people with severe mental illness and to investigate its internal consistency, construct validity, known-groups validity and any floor or ceiling effects. Two independent samples were used, the first (N = 226) to develop the short version and the second (N = 266) to test its psychometric properties. A seven-item version was developed by selecting items based on item-total correlations. The QPR-Swe-7 showed good internal consistency reliability (α = 0.82). It showed moderate correlations with indicators of convergent validity (self-rated health, self-mastery and quality of life) and weak with those selected to test discriminant validity (psychiatric symptoms and level of functioning). QPR-Swe-7 differentiated between people receiving two different levels of housing support. No floor or ceiling effects were found. The QPR-Swe-7 had appropriate psychometric properties for use with people with a variety of mental disorders when a brief scale is warranted.
Self-organization of silver nanoparticles during synthesis of Ag–Au nanoalloy by UV irradiation method
Authors: Łukowiec Dariusz , Radoń Adrian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Formation of Ag–Au nanoalloy and self-organization of Ag nanoparticles into nanostructured wires under UV irradiation were reported in this work. This phenomenon was observed only in the presence of chloroauric acid. On the basis of the analysis of transmission electron microscope images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, formation mechanism of nanostructured wires as well as of Ag–Au nanoalloy were proposed. The role of UV illumination and the presence of chloride ions were discussed. The UV–Vis spectra confirm that the synthesized material has one absorption band at 530 nm, which was related to the presence of Ag–Au nanoalloy. Moreover, the Ag–AgCl nanocomposite, in which Ag NPs are located on the edges of AgCl cubes, was successfully synthesized by the modified method.
Urinary metabolomics reveals kynurenine pathway perturbation in newborns with transposition of great arteries after surgical repair
Authors: Simonato Manuela , Fochi Igor , Vedovelli Luca , Giambelluca Sonia , Carollo Cristiana , Padalino Massimo , Carnielli Virgilio P. , Cogo Paola 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionTransposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a cyanotic congenital heart defect that requires surgical correction, with the use of cardiopulmonary-bypass (CPB), usually within 3 weeks of life. The use of CPB in open heart surgery results in brain hypoperfusion and in a powerful systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress.ObjectiveWe aimed to develop a novel untargeted metabolomics approach to detect early postoperative changes in metabolic profile following neonatal cardiac surgery.MethodsWe studied 14 TGA newborns with intact ventricular septum undergoing arterial switch operation with the use of CPB. Urine samples were collected preoperatively and at the end of the surgery and were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on UHPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry.ResultsSince post surgery metabolic spectra were heavily contaminated by metabolites derived from administered drugs, we constructed a list of drugs used during surgery and their related metabolites retrieved from urine samples. This library was applied to our samples and 1255 drugs and drug metabolites were excluded from the analysis. Afterward, we detected over 39,000 unique compounds and 371 putatively annotated metabolites were different between pre and post-surgery samples. Among these metabolites, 13 were correctly annotated or identified. Metabolites linked to kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation displayed the highest fold change.ConclusionsThis is the first report on metabolic response to cardiac surgery in TGA newborns. We developed an experimental design that allowed the identification of perturbed metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers of brain damage, limiting drugs interference in the analysis.
Energy Dissipation Measurement in Improved Spatial Resolution Under Fatigue Loading
Authors: Akai A. , Shiozawa D. , Yamada T. , Sakagami T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recently, a technique for rapidly determining a material’s fatigue limit by measuring energy dissipation using infrared thermography has received increasing interest. Measuring the energy dissipation of a material under fatigue loading allows the rapid determination of a stress level that empirically coincides with its fatigue limit. To clarify the physical implications of the rapid fatigue limit determination, the relationship between energy dissipation and fatigue damage initiation process was investigated. To discuss the fatigue damage initiation process at grain size scale, we performed high-spatial-resolution dissipated energy measurements on type 316L austenitic stainless steel, and observed the slip bands on the same side of the specimen. The preprocessing of dissipated energy measurement such as motion compensation and a smoothing filter was applied. It was found that the distribution of dissipated energy obtained by improved spatial resolution measurement pinpointed the location of fatigue crack initiation. Owing to the positive correlation between the magnitude of dissipated energy and number of slip bands, it was suggested that the dissipated energy was associated with the behavior of slip bands, with regions of high dissipated energy predicting the location of fatigue crack initiation.
The Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guideline for radiation treatment of breast cancer, 2018 edition
Authors: Yamauchi Chikako , Yoshimura Michio , Sekiguchi Kenji , Hamamoto Yasushi , Nakajima Naomi , Sanuki Naoko , Ogo Etsuyo , Oguchi Masahiko , Saji Shigehira , Iwata Hiroji 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The Japanese Breast Cancer Society (JBCS) Clinical Practice Guideline was revised in 2018. This article describes the revise points in the section on radiation therapy (RT).

Methods and materials
The JBCS formed task force to update the JBCS Clinical Practice Guideline 2015 edition. Background questions (BQs) deal with standard treatments of breast cancer in clinical practice. Clinical questions (CQs) highlight the important treatments in which controversy remains. The task force for RT section addressed the 10 BQs, the 10 CQs, and the 4 Future reseach questions (FQs). For each CQ, systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses were conducted, and recommendations, strength of recommendation and strength of evidence were determined according to the protocol in Morizane et al. (Minds Handbook for Clinical Practice Guideline Development, 2014).

Results
The recommendations, the strength of recommendation and the strength of evidence were determined based on the systematic literature reviews and the meta-analyses for each CQ.

Conclusion
The JBCS updated the Clinical Practice Guideline. RT represents a significant portion of the breast cancer treatment, and these recommendations regarding RT will be useful in individualized, shared decision making between physicians and patients.
Differential diagnosis of the cranial perforations on the Early Iron Age along the Ancient Silk Road in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhan Xiaoya , Mu Ai-Jia , Chen Liang , Zhang Qun , Wu Yong , Hu Wanglin , Yeh Hui-Yuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bioarcheologists and pathologists favor trauma on the skeletons since it could reflect the human activities and interpersonal relationship in the past. In this paper, we present the pattern of two cranial perforations found on an adult male buried in the Xiaoshankou Cemetery, which was part of the Silk Road region, dating back to the early Iron Age. The specimen of interest presents two perforations on his skull, with one perforation located on the anterior part of the left parietal bone, while the other is on the occipital bone near to the lambda. The morphology of the perforations indicates perimortem traumatic lesions, probably produced by a sharp force weapon, possibly arrowhead, through one shot. The interpretation of the penetrating lesions on this cranium offers new perspectives when diagnosing perforations on the skulls in the Xinjiang region. Meanwhile, this study adds literature to the patterns of violence in Xinjiang region as well.
Genetics without genes? The centrality of genetic markers in livestock genetics and genomics
Authors: Lowe James W. E. , Bruce Ann 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, rather than focusing on genes as an organising concept around which historical considerations of theory and practice in genetics are elucidated, we place genetic markers at the heart of our analysis. This reflects their central role in the subject of our account, livestock genetics concerning the domesticated pig,Sus scrofa. We define a genetic marker as a (usually material) element existing in different forms in the genome, that can be identified and mapped using a variety (and often combination) of quantitative, classical and molecular genetic techniques. The conjugation of pig genome researchers around the common object of the marker from the early-1990s allowed the distinctive theories and approaches of quantitative and molecular genetics concerning the size and distribution of gene effects to align (but never fully integrate) in projects to populate genome maps. Critical to this was the nature of markers as ontologically inert, internally heterogeneous and relational. Though genes as an organising and categorising principle remained important, the particular concatenation of limitations, opportunities, and intended research goals of the pig genetics community, meant that a progressively stronger focus on the identification and mapping of markers rather than genes per se became a hallmark of the community. We therefore detail a different way of doing genetics to more gene-centred accounts. By doing so, we reveal the presence of practices, concepts and communities that would otherwise be hidden.
The Significance of Experiencing Clinical Responsibilities for Specialty Career Choice
Authors: Querido Sophie , De Rond Marlies , Wigersma Lode , van den Broek Sjoukje , ten Cate Olle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimMedical trainees make career choices in the final year of medical school or after graduation, if they do not continue with residency directly. Most Dutch medical students are trained in vertically integrated (VI) curricula, with early clinical experience and a gradual increase in clinical responsibilities. Students in such curricula have been reported to make career choices at an earlier stage than graduates from more traditionally designed curricula. Many Dutch graduates build further clinical experience after graduation as physicians-not-in-training (PNITs) before beginning residency. We explored how students make career choices and whether pre-residency clinical responsibilities influence this choice.MethodA qualitative study with a phenomenology approach was used. The authors conducted a longitudinal interview study of medical students with two intervals over a 2-year period. The interview questions covered how trainees establish career preferences and which factors affect preference and choice over time.ResultsExperiencing clinical responsibility was a key factor for career preference during all interview rounds. Being a PNIT who makes diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, have their own patients and have significant patient care responsibilities creates opportunities to build an image of a future context of employment. Some participants mentioned that their experience of having full responsibility as a PNIT was pivotal in a career preference change.ConclusionClinical responsibility as a student or a PNIT appears to be important for career preference and choice. The experience of responsibility as a medical doctor forces trainees to reflect on personal needs and to consider which career preference fits best.
Same-sex marriage and the Lutheran Church in Finland: How rapid change in values and norms challenges the church and its decision-making
Authors: Ketola Kimmo , Helander Eila 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effect of legislative changes on same-sex unions on people’s attitudes toward homosexuality is a fairly well-researched topic. There is less research on how state legislation on same-sex unions has affected churches’ attitudes and policies on registered partnership and same-sex marriage. In this paper we focus on attitudinal polarisation in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF) in the matter of same-sex marriage and why there is a gap in the attitudinal development of the church and the society. The analysis is based upon six sets of representative surveys among the Finnish population, the employees of the ELCF and the elected officials of the ELCF between the years 2012–2017. Whereas the majorities (55%) among the Finnish population and among the ELCF members (54%) are already favourable to the idea that same-sex couples should have the right to marry in the church, the ELCF has not approved of it. This situation has polarised the ELCF from within. Empirical analysis shows that the reason for the discrepancy between popular opinion and the ELCF stance stems from the fact that ELCF decision makers are older and more religious than the general membership. However, the data also shows that even among the most religious, younger age groups are already more favourable towards the same-sex marriage. Therefore, it is likely that the polarisation will lessen over time as more and more religious people accept same-sex marriage.
Structural, optical and electrical properties of multiferroic BiFe1-xNixO3 ceramic
Authors: Arafat S. S. , Ibrahim S. , Al fannakh Huda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiFe1−xNixO3 (x = 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9) polycrystalline ceramics are synthesized by a solid-state reaction, and their structural, absorption, leakage current and electrical properties are investigated. The X-ray diffraction measurements show that the lattice parameter values increase with increasing the substitution of Ni2+ ions for Fe3+ ions. The optical absorption spectra indicate that the band gap energy increases with increasing Ni2+ ions. Leakage currents are much decreased by about three orders of magnitude with increasing Ni ions. The J-E hysteresis was also investigated. Both real and imaginary dielectric constants are investigated as a function of both frequency and temperature. The room temperature dielectric measurement with a wide frequency range of 1 KHz–1 MHz reveals that the real and imaginary dielectric constants are decreased with increasing frequency of BiFe1−xNixO3 (x = 0.7, 0.8, 0.9) ceramics. The real and imaginary dielectric constants are found to be increased with temperature. The temperature dependence of ε′ and ε″ exhibits an anomaly which shifted to lower temperature with increasing Ni2+. The anomaly indicates the possible existence of spin-glass states with Ni2+ ion substitution in places of Fe3+ ions.
Modeling Canopy Carbon and Water Fluxes Using a Multilayered Model over a Temperate Meadow in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Chen Nina , Wang Anzhi , An Juan , Zhang Yushu , Ji Ruipeng , Jia Qingyu , Zhao Ziqi , Guan Dexin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To incorporate canopy vertical structure in a process-based model over a temperate meadow, a multilayered model estimated canopy carbon flux (Fc) and water flux (LE) was applied by comparing with eddy covariance measurements in Inner Mongolia, China. Simulations of diurnal, seasonal CO2 and H2O fluxes and model sensitivity to parameters and variables were analyzed. The results showed that the model underestimated Fc and LE by about 0.6% and 5.0%, respectively. It was able to simulate the diurnal and seasonal variation of Fc and LE and performed well during the day and in the growing season, but poorly at night and early in the growing season. Fc was more sensitive to the leaf nitrogen content distribution coefficient and maximum catalytic activity of Rubisco, whereas LE showed greater sensitivity to the stomatal conductance parameter a1, empirical coefficient of stomatal response to saturated vapor pressure difference Vpds0, and minimum stomatal conductance of CO2gsc0. The response of Fc to environmental factors was ranked as air CO2 concentration (Ca) > air temperature (Ta) > photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) > soil water content (θsm) > vapor pressure deficit (VPD) > wind speed (u0). The response of LE to environmental factors was ranked as Ta > VPD > θsm> PAR> Ca> u0. The response of LE to vegetation characteristic parameters was greater than that of Fc.
Management of Femoral Neck Stress Fracture in an Athlete Using Clodronic Acid: a Clinical Case Report
Authors: Vitali Matteo , Pironti Pierluigi , Drossinos Andreas , Pesce Elisa , Salini Vincenzo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Stress fractures are common injuries caused by repetitive micro-traumas of the bone. Nowadays, they are widespread amongst the athletes and their treatment is mostly based on the limitation of physical activity, the application of ice, and the administration of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. We present a case of a 26-year-old woman who reported a mono-cortical stress fracture in the anatomical neck portion of the right femur treated with Clody® 200 mg/4 ml. The patient is an amateur runner who complained a progressive pain and functional limitation of the hip joint. No history of recent trauma was present as well as X-rays evidence of fractures. A subsequent magnetic resonance imaging study showed the presence of a mono-cortical stress fracture in the anatomical neck portion of the right femur. The patient was treated with 1 vial of Clody® 200 mg/4 ml a day for 7 days, following 1 vial every 15 days for 2 months without any further therapy as well as physical activity limitation, showing a faster clinical and radiological recovery compared with the most of therapies described in the literature. Concerning our positive experience, the purpose of this study is to give a starting point for further research in order to enlarge the number of studies about that specific approach.
Distinct tau PET patterns in atrophy‐defined subtypes of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ossenkoppele Rik , Lyoo Chul Hyoung , Sudre Carole H. , van Westen Danielle , Cho Hanna , Ryu Young Hoon , Choi Jae Yong , Smith Ruben , Strandberg Olof , Palmqvist Sebastian , Westman Eric , Tsai Richard , Kramer Joel , Boxer Adam L. , Gorno‐Tempini Maria L. , La Joie Renaud , Miller Bruce L. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Hansson Oskar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionDifferential patterns of brain atrophy on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed four reproducible subtypes of Alzheimer's disease (AD): (1) “typical”, (2) “limbic‐predominant”, (3) “hippocampal‐sparing”, and (4) “mild atrophy”. We examined the neurobiological characteristics and clinical progression of these atrophy‐defined subtypes.MethodsThe four subtypes were replicated using a clustering method on MRI data in 260 amyloid‐β‐positive patients with mild cognitive impairment or AD dementia, and we subsequently tested whether the subtypes differed on [18F]flortaucipir (tau) positron emission tomography, white matter hyperintensity burden, and rate of global cognitive decline.ResultsVoxel‐wise and region‐of‐interest analyses revealed the greatest neocortical tau load in hippocampal‐sparing (frontoparietal‐predominant) and typical (temporal‐predominant) patients, while limbic‐predominant patients showed particularly high entorhinal tau. Typical patients with AD had the most pronounced white matter hyperintensity load, and hippocampal‐sparing patients showed the most rapid global cognitive decline.DiscussionOur data suggest that structural MRI can be used to identify biologically and clinically meaningful subtypes of AD.