bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific Hypothesis-Testing Strengthens Neuroscience Research
Authors: Alger Bradley E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractScience needs to understand the strength of its findings. This essay considers the evaluation of studies that test scientific (not statistical) hypotheses. A scientific hypothesis is a putative explanation for an observation or phenomenon; it makes (or “entails”) testable predictions that must be true if the hypothesis is true and that lead to its rejection if they are false. The question is, “how should we judge the strength of a hypothesis that passes a series of experimental tests?” This question is especially relevant in view of the “reproducibility crisis” that is the cause of great unease. Reproducibility is said to be a dire problem because major neuroscience conclusions supposedly rest entirely on the outcomes of single,pvalued statistical tests. To investigate this concern, I propose to (1) ask whether neuroscience typically does base major conclusions on single tests; (2) discuss the advantages of testing multiple predictions to evaluate a hypothesis; and (3) review ways in which multiple outcomes can be combined to assess the overall strength of a project that tests multiple predictions of one hypothesis. I argue that scientific hypothesis testing in general, and combining the results of several experiments in particular, may justify placing greater confidence in multiple-testing procedures than in other ways of conducting science.
ІНІЦІАЦІЯ ЯК ПОЕТИКАЛЬНА ОЗНАКА НОВЕЛ С. ЦВЕЙҐА (НАУКОВО-МЕТОДИЧНІ МАТЕРІАЛИ ДО ВИВЧЕННЯ НОВЕЛІСТИЧНОЇ СПАДЩИНИ ПИСЬМЕННИКА У ВИШІ)
Authors: Тереховска Олена 
Published: July 2020

У статті йдеться про поетикальну специфіку новел С. Цвейґа, зокрема в аспекті їхньої структури. Мета – довести, що ініціація є поетикальною ознакою новел С. Цвейґа, а також узагальнити й адаптувати науково-теоретичний матеріал з цієї проблеми для студентів-філологів під час їхньої підготовки до прак­тичних і семінарських занять. Дослідницька методика полягає в екстраполяції поняття ініціації як специ­фічного соціально-психологічного феномену на художній текст новел С. Цвейґа, а також у визначенні ініціації, що становить зміст і сутність кульмінаційного моменту в новелі, специфічною поетикальною ознакою цього жанру. Результати дослідження. Доведено, що кульмінаційний момент, закладений у саму природу новели на рівні її структури, утворюється за рахунок взаємодії двох специфічних особливостей новелістичного жанру – сюжету і підсюжету. З’ясовано, що в сюжеті розгортаються події з життя героя, змальовуються зміни, до яких вони призвели в його почуттях чи свідомості; у підсюжеті – паралельне розкриття сил, не усвідомлюваних героєм, які, проте, стали причиною саме такого розвитку подій і якісних змін внутрішнього світу героя – ініціації. Встановлено, що в кульмінаційний момент, – коли схрещуються сюжетна і підсюжетна лінії, – народжується ідея твору. У статті проаналізовано зміст поняття ініціації як специфічного соціально-психологічного феномену та її різновиди. Визначено, що ситуації, у які потрапляють герої новел С. Цвейґа і при цьому переживають миті духовного прозріння, є межовими (пограничними). Саме в такі моменти із персонажами відбуваються «стихійні» ініціації й онтологічні перетворення. Це знаходить вираження в їхньому образі мислення, у поведінці, в їхніх часто фатальних вчинках. Доведено, що ініціація і є кульмінацією новели, а відповідно, і її поетикальною озна­кою, закладеною в самій її природі. У науковій розвідці наведено приклади проходження ініціації голов­ними героями новел «Амок», «24 години з життя жінки», «Пекуча таємниця». Наукова новизна. Проб­лема ініціації як соціально-психологічного феномену включена в саму жанрову природу новел С. Цвейґа становить наукову новизну цієї статті. Практичне значення результатів дослідження полягає в мож­ливості їхнього використання при подальшому вивченні поетикальної специфіки новелістичної спадщини С. Цвейґа, а також при підготовці студентів-філологів до практичних і семінарських занять.
ІВАН ФРАНКО В КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ЛЕОНІДА ФРІЗМАНА
Authors: Оляндер Луїза 
Published: July 2020

Мета. Стаття присвячена аналізу концептуальних підходів видатного українського вченого Л. Фрізмана (1935 – 2018) до творчості та особистості І. Я. Франка в монографії Л. Фрізмана «Иван Франко: взгляд на литературу» (2017), яка розглядається в контексті сучасного літературознавства, в тому числі й франкознавства. Дослідницька методика. Для аналізу використаний синтез основоположних методів і принципів наукового дослідження, серед яких перш за все герменевтичний, порівняльно-зіставний, типологічний, поетологічний, біографічний у їх взаємозв’язку і доповнюваності. Результати дослідження. В статті послідовно розкривається проблема Іван Франко в концепції Л. Фрізмана, акцентована специфіка фрізманівського дискурсу, підкреслена його смислотворча функція, завдяки чому розширились можливості для поглибленого осмислення критичного доробку І. Франка, котрий доказово представлений як письменник і критик світового масштабу. Наукова новизна. У ході дослідження схарактеризований внесок Л. Фрізмана в наукове осмислення специфічних рис письменницької критики І. Франка через мову письменника, поетику заголовків статей, епіграфів до них, поєднання критики з публіцистикою, жанрово-композиційне різноманіття, художні засоби, через організацію (полі)діалогичної ситуації; конкретизовано поняття «І. Франко – письменник світового рівня». Практичне значення. Отримані результати дослідження можуть бути використані для подальшого вивчення творчості не тільки І. Франка, але й інших письменників, які виступають з критичними статтями. Наукові спостереження та висновки можуть лягти в основу лекційних курсів у вишах з історії російської, української та зарубіжної літератур кінця ХIХ – початку ХХ століття і теорії літератури, використані в шкільному викладанні історії української літератури та характеру віддзеркалення літературного тексту в інших видах мистецтва.
«ПОДЗВОНИ МЕНІ…» (СПОГАДИ ПРО Л. Г. ФРІЗМАНА)
Authors: Криворучко Світлана 
Published: July 2020

У спогадах йдеться про майже побутові епізоди життя видатного українського літературознавця Леоніда Генріховича Фрізмана (1935–2018), який створив Харківську наукову школу дослідників російської літератури та літературної критики. Наука була майже провідною, якщо не провідною, іпостассю життя Л. Г. Фрізмана. Під його науковим керівництвом захищено понад 50 кандидатських та 3 докторських дисертацій. Однак найголовнішим у його житті було те, що він був хорошою людиною.
Leg ulcer treatment by superficial vein surgery and saline-gauze dressing
Authors: Dagilaitis Rolandas , Triponis Vytautas , Gudgalytė Ingrida , Triponienė Dalia 
Published: July 2020

Rolandas Dagilaitis, Vytautas Triponis, Ingrida Gudgalytė, Dalia TriponienėVilnius University Centre of Vascular Surgery,Antakalnio str. 57, LT-10207 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: vytautas.triponis@mf.vu.lt
Objective
To determine the effectiveness of phlebectomy and topic saline in patients with leg ulcer caused by isolated superficial vein reflux.
Materials and methods
One hundred and thirty consecutive patients with 143 ulcers were operated for superficial varicose veins and venous ulcer. Patients with deep reflux, peripheral arterial disease (ankle/brachial index <0.9), diabetes, history of circular venous ulcer, malignancies, mental disorders, musculoskeletal diseases limiting patient’s physical activity and edema of non venous origin were excluded from the study. Past history data were recorded by questionnaires which included the duration of the ulcer, the number of recurrences, characteristic of compression therapy and topic agents used for ulcer care. Ulcer size was evaluated according to its largest dimension. Operations were performed under regional anaesthesia. All patients were followed at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. No compression therapy was advocated postoperatively.
Results
Ulcer manifestation span was from 1 to 33 years, 6.47±0.55 years on the average (p < 0.0001). Preoperative compression therapy was inadequate in all patients, local treatment was carried out with large range of antiseptic solutions. Postoperative healing rate at 3 months was as follows: 95.8% for ulcers < 3 cm , 79% and 37.7% for ulcers 3-6 cm and >6 cm respectively. The healing process was complete in 135 (94.4%) ulcers at 1 year. One healed ulcer (0.7%) recurred between 6 and 12 months, 7 ulcers >6 cm showed reepithelialization being in process.
Conclusion
Phlebectomy in cases of isolated superficial vein reflux is able to heal venous ulcers in majority of patients. The healing rate was correlative with ulcer size and duration. Surgery plus saline-gauze local treatment significantly reduced the costs of venous ulcer treatment.
Key words: leg ulcer, superficial vein surgery, topical treatment
Variation in Car Seat Tolerance Screen Performance in Newborn Nurseries
Authors: Davis Natalie L. , Hoffman Benjamin D. , Eichenwald Eric C. 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
Currently, car seat tolerance screens (CSTSs) are recommended for all infants born prematurely in the United States. Although many late-preterm infants are cared for exclusively in newborn nurseries (NBNs), data on implementation of CSTS in nurseries are limited. Our objective for this study was to determine management strategies and potential variation in practice of CSTS in NBNs across the nation.

METHODS:
We surveyed NBNs across 35 states using the Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns (BORN) network to determine what percentage perform CSTSs, inclusion and failure criteria, performance characteristics, follow-up of failed CSTSs including use of car beds, and provider attitudes toward CSTS.

RESULTS:
Of the 84 NBNs surveyed, 90.5% performed predischarge CSTSs. The most common failure criteria were saturation &lt;90%, bradycardia &lt;80 beats per minute, and apnea &gt;20 seconds. More than 55% noted hypotonia as an additional inclusion criterion for testing, and &gt;34% tested any infant who had ever required supplemental oxygen. After an initial failed CSTS, &gt;93% of NBNs retested in a car seat at a future time point, whereas only ∼1% automatically discharged infants in a car bed. When asked which infants should undergo predischarge CSTS, the most common recommendations by survey respondents included infants with hypotonia (83%), airway malformations (78%), hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (63%), and prematurity (61%).

CONCLUSIONS:
There is a large degree of variability in implementation of CSTS in NBNs across the United States. Further guidance on screening practices and failure criteria is needed to inform future practice and policy.
Studying on regeneration of several cassava varieties (Manihot esculenta Crantz) via friable embryogenic callus
Authors: Minh Hong Nguyen Thi , Hoai Thuong Nguyen Thi , Ngoc Pham Bich , Ha Chu Hoang 
Published: July 2020

Cassava (Manihotesculenta Crantz) is considered as one of the most important food crops which has high economic value in many areas. It is very neccessay to perfect the cassava regeneration protocol for genetic transformation purpose. In this study, cassava regeneration via friable embryogenic callus (FEC) from tip bud, young stem, pieces of leaf had been optimized in five cassava varieties which were planted in Vietnam including KM 140 (S1), NgheAn white cassava (S2), Lang Son red cassava (S3), HoaBinh high – yield cassava (S4) and Huay Bong (S5). The results indicated that on MS medium supplemented with 10 mg/l Picloram, the proportion of callus formation was very high, reached from 90 to 100%. In the case of using tip buds, after three weeks, calli were transferred to MS medium adding 5 mg/l picloram and 0,2 mg/l IBA. The proportion of FEC formation reached 41,1 – 80,4 % after 8 weeks of cultivation in all studied Cassava varieties. The samples were transferred to MS medium adding 0,3 mg/l BAP to elongate shoots in 4 weeks. The highest regeneration rate belonged to S1, and was 61,67%. Three weeks after shoot transferring on MS medium, the complete seedlings were grown in substrate which was composed by TN01 and husk hun with ratio of 6:4 in greenhouse. As a result, the rate of survival plants reached to 95%. The process of regeneration of cassava through embryonic calli could be applied for the improvement of desired cassava varieties by method of genetic engineering.
IDENTIFICATION OF Q2933P MUTATION IN FAT1 GENE IN A PATIENT WITH INTECLLECTUAL DISABILITY FROM DIOXIN VICTIM’S VIETNAM FAMILY
Authors: Thanh Ngan Nguyen Thi , Kim Lien Nguyen Thi , Hien Nguyen Thu , Lan Nguyen Ngoc , Tung Nguyen Van , Kim Dung Le Thi , Hien Nguyen Thi , Ton Nguyen Dang , Hoang Nguyen Huy , Hai Nong Van 
Published: July 2020

Dioxins are a group of chemicals known as highly toxic environmental persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Numerous dioxin-like compounds have been identified, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated/polybrominated biphenyls (PCBs/PBBs), and 1,4-dioxin. The singular term dioxin refers to the most toxic compound, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Dioxin pollution caused by chemical warfare has been causing serious consequences to the ecological environment and especially to the health of Vietnamese people. In particular, dioxin was demonstrated to be the cause of many diseases, including diseases related to the nervous system of which intellectual disability is one of the 17 diseases have been recognized by Vietnam. Deformities, birth defects, intellectual disability have been detected in F1 and F2 generations of the exposed victims. Dioxin may cause changes in the whole genome / genome expression (exome), or the structure and function of the gene that leads to pathogenesis in the exposed people and the genetic changes can be passed on to the next generations. In the present study, the Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) method was used to analyze and identify genetic variants related to the intellectual disability in a dioxin exposed victim’s family in Vietnam. The screening results revealed that a Gln2933Pro heterozygous mutant in the FAT1 (Fat atypical cadherin 1) gene of the patient was inherited from the patient’s father whose high blood concentration of dioxin, as well as illustrated the changes in the protein structure. In addition to the important scientific implications, this result might be essential for providing counseling for families who are the dioxin victims.
DESIGNING AND CLONING NA GENE OF INFLUENZA A/H5N1 VIRUS INTO pHW2000 VECTOR FOR PREPARATION OF A CANDIDATE VACCINE MASTERSEED STRAIN
Authors: Thu Hang Nguyen Thi , Thu Hang Hoang Thi , Chi Nguyen Hung , Trang Vu Huyen , Ha Chu Hoang , Nam Nguyen Trung 
Published: July 2020

The influenza A/H5N1 virus is an RNA virus belonging to the family of Orthomyxoviridae. The highly pathogenic influenza A/H5N1 virus exhibit the ability to cause high mortality in poultry and infect humans. Technology for vaccine seed strain production of influenza A virus using reverse genetics requires the creation of recombinant vectors carrying viral genomic segments. To create recombinant pHW2000 vectors containing the neuraminidase (NA) gene segment encoding an important surface antigen of influenza A virus, two N1 NA gene structures were designed based on the NA gene sequences of two subtypes of highly pathogenic influenza A/H5N1 clade (clade 1.1 and clade 2.3.2.1c) and then inserted into pHW2000 vector. These two clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that are still circulating in Vietnam, with antigen homology and genetic relationships to many strains of influenza A viruses, have been suggested to be used for producing vaccines against emerging avian influenza A/H5N1 virus. Each NA gene construct consists of 1453 nucleotides in which two ends of the gene are two non-coding regions (46 nucleotides and 57 nucleotides) containing primer binding site and cleavage site of BsaI. In the middle of each NA gene is one region of 1350 nucleotides encoding 449 amino acids, ensuring catalytic function and antigenicity of NA protein. Two NA segments corresponding to the two clades of influenza A viruses were successfully cloned into pHW2000 vectors for the generation of two recombinant vectors pHW2000-NA clade 1.1 and pHW2000-NA clade 2.3.2.1c. These recombinant vectors will be used for production of candidate avian influenza vaccine strains using reverse genetics technique.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPASE IMMOBILIZED ONTO CARRIER CHITOSAN-Fe3O4 BY THE COVALENT COUPLING METHOD
Authors: Dong Bui Xuan , My Pham Thi , Anh Thi Huynh Van 
Published: July 2020

Enzymes are catalysts for biochemical reactions in the cell's metabolism. Enzymes are highly specific in their action on substrates. Lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase) is an unique enzyme which can catalyze various types of reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, alcoholysis… In recent days, studying and applying immobilized lipase in catalyzing transesterification of biodiesel production has been receiving much attention. The increased demand for biodiesel and the difficulties in obtaining enough quantities of raw materials for its production are stimulating the search for alternative feedstocks. Among the various possibilities, the utilization of residual fatty materials, in particular oils and animal fat residues from the meat and fish processing industries, are increasingly seen as viable options for biodiesel production. This paper presents the results of producing fixed lipase enzyme on microparticle chitosan-Fe3O4. Microparticle is a complex of nano particles Fe3O4 being absorbed on chitosan so it has magnetic property. Enzyme links to microparticle through an intermediate bridge – glutaraldehyde. Free enzyme which is used to fix is commercical lipase enzyme of Sigma (Germany) being extracted from pancreas of pig. Under the optimum conditions (pH 6, 40oC), after 3 hours reaction, immoblized enzyme activity measured 185 IU/mg and the productivity of attaching lipase to the carrier ratio was 75.1%. With immobilized lipase, the result of testing the biodiesel synthesized by lipid from wastewater of the surimi fish fillets manufacturing. The fuel properties of the biodiesel were further analyzed. The characterizations of the produced biodiesel showed that it met Vietnam standart (TCVN 7717:2007). Also discussed are the questions related to the viability of using this type of feedstocks in biodiesel production.
Comparison of bacterial community structures in digestive tract between healthy and disease whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Soc Trang, Vietnam
Authors: Thanh Tran Trung , Bott Nathan , Duc Le Hoang , Oanh Dang Thi Hoang , Nam Nguyen Trung , Ha Chu Hoang 
Published: July 2020

Gut bacteria comprise a complex bacterial community related to many functions in a host. The stability of gut bacteria plays important models in the health and immunology of a host. Many studies on intestine bacteria constructed via cultivation and Denaturation Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DDGE) methods have proved a limited efficiency. In order to tackle these drawbacks, the next generation sequencing method was developed on 16S-rRNA-based sequences (Metabarcoding). The composition of bacterial communities was revealed based on the analysis of 16S rRNA sequences of intestine bacteria in Litopenaeus vannamei ponds in comparison with microbial communities in a Penaeus monodon pond and a muscle of shrimp. These results showed that the dominant phyla of intestine bacteria in Litopenaeus vannamei were Proteobacteria (49.3–57.4%), Firmicutes (15.6–34.4%) and Bacteroidetes (0.1–16.9%). Rhizobium(0.4%-26.1%), Vibrio(0–23.9%) and Spongiimonas(0–16,7%) were dominant genera in Litopenaeus vannamei gut. A higher proportion of Fusobacterium (10%), a shrimp pathogen group, was found in a disease shrimp pond (ST4) in comparison with a low growth shrimp pond (ST3) (0%) and a healthy shrimp pond (ST1) (0.6%). Vibrio was marked as shrimp pathogen genus accounted for 22.3% of total genera in ST4 in comparison with 2.4% in ST3 and 3.5% in ST1. Interestingly, a higher percentage of Vibrio rotiferianus (7.98%) was found in ST4 compared to ST3 (1%) and ST1 (0%). Fusobacterium and Vibrio will be the objects for the next experiments to discover shrimp pathogens specifically.
BirdPix - report on the photographic atlas of the birds of Nigeria, 2012 – 2019
Authors: Ringim Abubakar S 
Published: July 2020

This paper describes progress with the atlas of birds of Nigeria, from 7 March 2012 to 15 December 2019. The database of the project contained 658 records of 246 species submitted to the BirdPix section of the Virtual Museum. The BirdPix section of the Virtual Museum was launched in 2012 and is a supplementary data capture project for the African Bird Atlas. Over this period, for Nigeria, twelve citizen scientists contributed records to BirdPix. The most frequently recorded species were Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis (769 records across its range, with 12in Nigeria, from 12 grid cells), and Northern Red Bishop Euplectes franciscanus (30 records across the range, and recorded in 11 grid cells in Nigeria). At least two photographs of species range extensions had been submitted. This paper highlights the role of citizen science in biodiversity conservation and provides up-to-date information on the species distribution maps and lists of bird species recorded in the grid cells. Without a doubt, the BirdPix database will only be comprehensive if it contains the entire knowledge base of the species occurring within each grid cell. Data generated in the BirdPix project can be used for monitoring and modelling changes in species distributions over time. Increased awareness of the concept of citizen science and increased volunteer recruitment should be top priorities.
Bad science cannot be used as a basis of constructive dialogue: Response to Prof Nicoli Nattrass commentary
Authors: Mzilikazi Nomakwezi , Le Roux Aliza , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine 
Published: July 2020

This Commentary is a response to a Commentary published in the May/June 2020 issue:
Nattrass N. Why are black South African students less likely to consider studying biological sciences? S Afr J Sci. 2020;116(5/6), Art. #7864, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/7864
Responses to the Commentary in the May/June 2020 issue have been published collectively in a special issue of Volume 116.
Misinterpretation of why black students do not pursue studies in the biological sciences
Authors: Glennon Kelsey L. , White Joseph , Reynolds Chevonne , Risenga Ida , Pillay Neville , Archibald Sally , Balkwill Kevin , Byrne Marcus , Cron Glynis , Engelbrecht Hanlie , Fisher Jolene , Furniss David , Madikiza Kim , Matimolane Mapula , Parrini Francesca , Sanders Martie , Scholes Robert , Situngu Sivu , Sym Stuart , Twine Wayne , Weiersbye Isabel , Williams Vivienne , Witkowski Ed T.F. , Woodford Darragh 
Published: July 2020

This Commentary is a response to a Commentary published in the May/June 2020 issue:
Nattrass N. Why are black South African students less likely to consider studying biological sciences? S Afr J Sci. 2020;116(5/6), Art. #7864, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/7864
Responses to the Commentary in the May/June 2020 issue have been published collectively in a special issue of Volume 116.
Intellectual laziness and academic dishonesty: A threat to academic freedom?
Authors: Nongxa Loyiso 
Published: July 2020

This Commentary is a response to a Commentary published in the May/June 2020 issue:
Nattrass N. Why are black South African students less likely to consider studying biological sciences? S Afr J Sci. 2020;116(5/6), Art. #7864, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2020/7864
Responses to the Commentary in the May/June 2020 issue have been published collectively in a special issue of Volume 116.