bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a new structurally dispossessed class developing in the United States?
Authors: Hirschl Thomas A. , Spisak George A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study inquires whether a new structurally dispossessed class is developing in the United States. The new class proposition is derived from social theory and operationalized by two empirical characteristics: not in the labor force (NILF) and family income below poverty. The primary data source is the Current Population Survey over the years from 1968 to 2018, and threshold demographic criteria for class development is specified as increasing size and diversity. Because evidence is found to support the latter criterion but not the former, the proposition that a new class is developing is partially rejected. The analysis finds that new social components are joining the NILF/impoverished including men, Hispanics, college graduates, and young adults. Second, that the NILF/impoverished are politically active in terms of electoral participation, and no more likely than the total electorate to have voted for a populist Presidential candidate in 2016. NILF/impoverished recipiency of state transfers varies over time, increasing through the Great Recession, then receding. The implications of the investigation are discussed in terms of the likelihood that the NILF/impoverished will generate new forms of political opposition to the rule of capital.
Being white, being Jungian: implications of Jung’s encounter with the ‘non‐European’ other1
Authors: Johnson Jane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis personal account charts the changing relationship to a Jungian identity arising from the interrelated processes of understanding the roots of the colonial and racial ideologies that underpin Jung’s thinking, and a developing awareness of what it means to be a white person in a system of racism that maintains white supremacy. This is illustrated with reference to the image of a black man appearing in the dream of the white author and with use of post‐Jungian thinking to critique the notion of an objective, non‐racial psyche.
Margarita Von Lüttichau: Intermediary between Jung and Bill Wilson
Authors: McCabe Ian , Boyd Christine , Carroll Pádraig 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper details Von Lüttichau’s relationship with Carl Jung and Bill Wilson, co‐founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and her role as intermediary in the relationship between the two men. Her contribution within this mediator role has not been previously recognized but is an important factor in explaining how Jung became introduced to the AA 12‐step format and validated the effectiveness of group work. After the Second World War, Von Lüttichau travelled between America and Switzerland and introduced the writings and ideas of Wilson and Jung to each other and acted as an intermediary between both titans. Jung gave Von Lüttichau extraordinarily detailed instructions on how the 12‐step programme of AA could be applied to ‘general neurotics’. Von Lüttichau’s private papers provide a bridge between Jung and Wilson’s correspondence and help to piece together gaps in both Jungian and AA history.
Three‐Dimensional Analysis of Cartridge Case Double‐Casts
Authors: Law Eric F. , Morris Keith B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to the shot‐to‐shot variability in tool mark reproduction on fired cartridge cases, a method of replication is needed for the creation of training and testing sets. Double‐casting is one method that has been used for this application, but the accuracy and variability of this method needs to be characterized. Three firearms were used to fire 25 cartridges each to create the master cartridge cases. The double‐casting method consists of creating a silicone mold of the master cartridge case. A plastic resin mix is then poured into the mold to create the double‐cast reproduction. Fifteen double‐casts of each of the 75 fired cartridge cases were created across different silicone molds to analyze within‐ and between‐mold variability. The master cartridge cases and double‐casts were scanned with a confocal microscope (Sensofar® S neox) to create three‐dimensional representations of the surfaces. Two similarity metrics were used for the objective comparison of the double‐casts to their master cartridge cases: the areal correlation coefficient (ACCFMAX) and the number of congruent matching cells (CMC). The ACCFMAX and CMC data, along with visual examinations, showed that the double‐casting method produces accurate reproductions. Within‐mold variability was found to be minimal, and between‐mold variability was low. These results illustrate that double‐casting can be applied for training and testing purposes.
A multidisciplinary investigation of chronic animal abuse: Collaboration between veterinary forensics and forensic anthropology
Authors: Smith‐Blackmore Martha , Bethard Jonathan D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn unknown juvenile female mixed breed dog was found non‐ambulatory on a dead‐end street in an urban setting adjacent to a public park. During initial veterinary examination, she was assessed to have untreatable injuries and was humanely euthanized. The forensic veterinarian requested consultation from a forensic anthropologist to assist with documenting antemortem skeletal trauma. Analyses of skeletal tissues indicated numerous injuries in various stages of healing diagnostic of non‐accidental injuries. Veterinary forensic cases may benefit from collaborative analysis of bony remains by forensic anthropologists.
The genome sequence of Samia ricini, a new model species of lepidopteran insect
Authors: Lee Jung , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Shigenobu Shuji , Yamaguchi Katsushi , Suzuki Yutaka , Shimada Toru , Katsuma Susumu , Kiuchi Takashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSamia ricini, a gigantic saturniid moth, has the potential to be a novel lepidopteran model species. Samia ricini is far more resistant to diseases than the current model species Bombyx mori, and therefore can be more easily reared. In addition, genetic resources available for S. ricini rival those for B. mori: at least 26 ecoraces of S. ricini are reported and S. ricini can hybridize with wild Samia species, which are distributed throughout Asian countries, and produce fertile progenies. Physiological traits such as food preference, integument colour and larval spot pattern differ among S. ricini strains and wild Samia species so that those traits can be targeted in forward genetic analyses. To facilitate genetic research in S. ricini, we determined its whole genome sequence. The assembled genome of S. ricini was 458 Mb with 155 scaffolds, and the scaffold N50 length of the assembly was ~ 21 Mb. In total, 16,702 protein coding genes were predicted. While the S. ricini genome was mostly collinear with that of B. mori with some rearrangements and few S. ricini‐specific genes were discovered, chorion genes and fibroin genes seemed to have expanded in the S. ricini lineage. As the first step of genetic analyses, causal genes for “Blue,” “Yellow,” “Spot,” and “Red cocoon” phenotypes were mapped to chromosomes.
Oncological advantage of nonintubated thoracic surgery: Better compliance of adjuvant treatment after lung lobectomy
Authors: Furák József , Paróczai Dóra , Burián Katalin , Szabó Zsolt , Zombori Tamás 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundVideo‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) surgery contributes to improved survival, adjuvant chemotherapy delivery and less postoperative complications. Nonintubated thoracic surgery (NITS) VATS procedures improves immunological responses in lung cancer patients; however, there is no data regarding adjuvant chemotherapy delivery effectiveness following NITS lobectomies. In this study, we aimed to compare protocol compliance and toxic complications during adjuvant chemotherapy after intubated and nonintubated VATS lobectomies in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 66, stage IB–IIIB NSCLC patients who underwent intubated or nonintubated VATS lobectomy and received adjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsA total of 38 patients (17 males, mean age 64 years) underwent conventional VATS and 28 (7 males; mean age 63 years) uniportal VATS NITS. Both groups had comparable demographic data, preoperative pulmonary function, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status. Among the intubated and nonintubated patients, 82% and 75% were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, respectively. The incidence of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cases were similar in both groups; however, the pathological staging showed significant differences, as 5 (18%) nonintubated patients had stage IB lung cancer, compared with the intubated group (P = 0.01). Further distribution of stages was similar between the groups. We observed significant differences in chest tube duration and operation time in the nonintubated group (P < 0.01). Among nonintubated patients, 92% completed the planned chemotherapy protocol, compared to 71% of the intubated group (P = 0.035). Grade 1/2 toxicity occurred significantly more often in the intubated group (16% vs. 0%, P = 0.03) and there was a lower incidence of grade 4 neutropenia in the nonintubated group (0% vs. 16%, P = 0.03).ConclusionsOur results showed that the nonintubated procedure resulted in improved adjuvant chemotherapy compliance and lower toxicity rates after lobectomy.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study
Oncological advantage of the non‐intubated thoracic surgery: better compliance with therapy protocol.
What this study adds
NITS lobectomies contribute to better administration of adjuvant chemotherapy with the planned cycle number and dosage.
A demographic projection model to support conservation decision making for an endangered snake with limited monitoring data
Authors: Tucker A. M. , McGowan C. P. , Mulero Oliveras E. S. , Angeli N. F. , Zegarra J. P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConservation planning for rare and threatened species is often made more difficult by a lack of research and monitoring data. In such cases, managers may rely on qualitative assessments of species risk that lack explicit acknowledgement of uncertainty. Snakes are a group of conservation concern that are also notoriously difficult to monitor. Here, we demonstrate a quantitative population projection for a data‐deficient species, the Puerto Rican boa (Chilabothrus inornatus) using expert knowledge and published information about species life history and threats to persistence. Using this model, we simulated population dynamics over 30 years under four scenarios of future urbanization and found that there was an increased probability of population decline as urbanization rates increased. We conduct a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the sensitivity of outcomes to model inputs, a practice that may also be useful in recovery planning. The sensitivity analyses also provide insight into how the future trajectories would change if the elicited demographic rates are incorrect. Even when data are sparse, quantitative methods can often be used to produce rigorous and reproducible estimates of future status with quantifiable uncertainty.
Antibacterial efficacy and discolouration potential of antibiotic pastes with macrogol for regenerative endodontic therapy
Authors: Porciuncula de Almeida Mariana , Angelo da Cunha Neto Miguel , Paula Pinto Karem , Rivera Fidel Sandra , João Nogueira Leal Silva Emmanuel , Moura Sassone Luciana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and discolouration potential of antibiotic pastes containing macrogol. Seventy single‐rooted teeth were contaminated with a culture of Enterococcus faecalis for 30 days. Double (DAP) and triple antibiotic pastes (TAP) containing propylene glycol or macrogol as vehicles were applied. After 15 days, bacterial viability was compared. Change in teeth coronal colour was measured by a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed using anova and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). TAP containing clindamycin and propylene glycol was the only medicament that led to the presence of contamination, while the same combination of antibiotics containing macrogol did not result in bacterial growth (P < 0.05). Only the pastes containing minocycline in formulation resulted in coronal discolouration (P < 0.05). Both DAPs evaluated and the TAP containing clindamycin and macrogol showed to be the preferable options for regenerative endodontic therapy, as they were effective against E. faecalis biofilm and did not promote tooth discolouration.
Causes of changes in basic activities of daily living in older adults with long‐term care needs
Authors: Sagari Akira , Tabira Takayuki , Maruta Michio , Miyata Hironori , Han Gwanghee , Kawagoe Masahiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo elucidate basic activities of daily living (BADL) changes, and the causes, in older adults with long‐term care needs.MethodsThis retrospective study utilised long‐term care insurance (LTCI) certification survey data from 2010 to 2017 in City A.ResultsIn decreasing likelihood of requiring assistance, BADL items were grooming, bathing, getting dressed/undressed, mobility, toilet hygiene, functional mobility and self‐feeding. Cox proportional hazard regression indicated that age correlated with need for assistance for all BADL items. Male sex corresponded to needing assistance with BADL items other than grooming and functional mobility. Shared living corresponded to needing assistance with BADL items other than grooming and bathing. Visual acuity corresponded to needing assistance with grooming.ConclusionThe most significant result was using survival curves to visualise the changes in BADL items of older adults with LTCI. These findings could help develop rehabilitation programs to prevent the need for BADL assistance in older adults.
Biliary complications in donation after circulatory death liver transplantation: the Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit's experience
Authors: Ly Mark , Crawford Michael , Verran Deborah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiliary complications are the most common complications of donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation and the international experience with DCD transplants suggests increased rates of biliary complications compared to donation after brain death transplants. Therefore, it is important to understand factors that are associated with the development of biliary complications within the Australian DCD context in order to inform future practice. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of biliary complications after DCD liver transplantation at the Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit and identify factors associated with this outcome.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all adult DCD liver transplants at the Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit from 2007 to 2015 was undertaken. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of biliary complications and was censored on 31 December 2016. Recipients were then stratified into groups based on the development of biliary complications and risk factor analysis was performed.ResultsBiliary complications occurred in 35% of DCD transplants, including seven anastomotic strictures and 10 non‐anastomotic strictures. Higher donor risk index scores (P = 0.03), post‐transplant portal vein complications (P = 0.042) and peak gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels within 7 days post‐transplant (P = 0.047) were associated with biliary complications.ConclusionFindings from this study demonstrate that biliary complications remain common in DCD liver recipients. Recipients who developed a biliary complication tended to have higher donor risk index, elevated peak gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels within 7 days post‐transplant or a portal vein complication. The presence of any of these factors should prompt close monitoring for post‐transplant biliary complications.
Application of a preoperative image scoring system in laparoscopic spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Xu Jianwei , Zhan Hanxiang , Li Feng , Xu Yifan , Hu Sanyuan , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundA reasonable surgical plan is crucial to laparoscopic spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy. This study proposed a preoperative image classification and scoring system, then evaluated the predictive value in creating a spleen‐preserving strategy.MethodsData for patients who underwent laparoscopic spleen‐preserving distal pancreatectomy at our hospital were collected from a prospective database. Clinical parameters and preoperative images were reviewed and analysed.ResultsWe included 58 cases, and patients underwent the Kimura procedure (n = 29) or the Warshaw procedure (n = 29). According to the relationship between the tumour and the splenic vein in preoperative images, we proposed an image classification constituting four types. In the univariate analysis, age, tumour size, length of the distal pancreas to the left of the tumour and the image classification were significantly associated with spleen‐preservation methods. Multivariate analysis indicated that tumour size and image classifications were independent factors. We established a scoring system by combining these two factors and scored and classified patients into four groups as 0, 61, 100 and 161 points. The probabilities of spleen‐preservation procedures corresponding to different points were then calculated.ConclusionThis preoperative image classification and scoring system might be helpful when creating a spleen‐preserving strategy during laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.
Neurobehaviour of very preterm infants at term equivalent age is related to early childhood outcomes
Authors: Meether Margaret , Bush Cathy Niles , Richter Marinthea , Pineda Roberta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo describe neurodevelopmental outcomes during early childhood among infants born very preterm and define the relationships between neurobehaviour of very preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 4 years.MethodsForty‐eight infants born ≤32 weeks gestation had neurobehaviour assessed at term equivalent age using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS). Outcomes at 4 years were assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ‐3), the Sensory Profile‐Short Form (SF) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function‐Preschool version (BRIEF‐P).ResultsAt 4 years, 23 (48%) children had at least one below average score on the ASQ‐3, 15 (31%) had a below average total score on the Sensory Profile‐SF, and 3 (6%) had an abnormal total score on the BRIEF‐P. Children with lower fine motor scores at 4 years had poorer orientation (P = 0.03) and self‐regulation (P =0.03), hypertonia (P = 0.01), and more sub‐optimal reflexes (P = 0.02) as neonates. Children with lower gross motor scores at 4 years of age had more sub‐optimal reflexes (P = 0.03) and lethargy (P = 0.046) as neonates. Children with tactile sensitivity at 4 years of age had poorer orientation (P = 0.01) and tolerance of handling (P = 0.03) as neonates. Children with decreased responsiveness at 4 years of age had low arousal (P = 0.02) as neonates, and those with poor auditory filtering at age 4 years had hypotonia (P = 0.03) as neonates.ConclusionEarly neurobehaviour is related to neurodevelopmental outcome in early childhood.
Systematic review and network meta‐analysis: efficacy of drugs for functional dyspepsia
Authors: Ford Alexander C. , Moayyedi Paul , Black Christopher J. , Yuan Yuhong , Veettil Sajesh K. , Mahadeva Sanjiv , Kengkla Kirati , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Lee Yeong Yeh 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a relapsing and remitting condition affecting between 5% and 10% of people. Efficacious therapies are available, but their relative efficacy is unknown.AimTo perform a systematic review with network meta‐analysis to resolve this uncertainty.MethodsWe searched the medical literature through July 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing efficacy of drugs for adults with FD, compared with each other, or placebo. Trials reported a dichotomous assessment of symptom status after completion of therapy. We pooled data using a random effects model. Efficacy was reported as a pooled relative risk (RR) of remaining symptomatic with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to summarise efficacy of each comparison tested. Relative ranking was assessed with surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probabilities.ResultsWe identified 71 eligible RCTs (19 243 participants). Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were ranked second for efficacy (RR of remaining symptomatic = 0.71; 95% CI 0.58‐0.87, SUCRA 0.87), and first when only low risk of bias trials were included. Most RCTs that used TCAs recruited patients who were refractory to other drugs included in the network. Although sulpiride or levosulpiride were ranked first for efficacy (RR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.36‐0.69, SUCRA 0.99), trial quality was low and only 86 patients received active therapy. TCAs were more likely to cause adverse events than placebo.ConclusionsTCAs, histamine‐2 receptor antagonists, standard‐ and low‐dose proton pump inhibitors, sulpiride or levosulpiride, itopride and acotiamide were all more efficacious than placebo for FD.
Bufalin inhibits ovarian carcinoma via targeting mTOR/HIF‐α pathway
Authors: Su Shan , Dou Hongtao , Wang Zhe , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer is a severe health threat for women with increased incidence and stymied development in diagnosis and therapy. Drug resistance is still a big challenge. Bufalin is a multi‐functional steroid‐like compound extracted from natural product Chansu and has been tested as antitumour agent recently. The application and mechanism of bufalin in ovarian cancer remain unclear yet. Bufalin was first examined in ovarian epithelial cancer cell as well as primary ovarian tissue to evaluate its inhibitory activity in cell growth and migration, followed by the validation in xenograft tumour model and the patient samples. Bufalin is well tolerated by normal ovarian tissue at up to 40 μM and suppresses the cell growth and migration at 10 μM and xenograft tumour growth at 0.1mg/kg dosage. Bufalin inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and subsequently decreases hypoxia‐induced factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α) level. Overexpression of HIF‐1α could abolish the pro‐apoptotic and antimigration activity of bufalin in cell culture. Strikingly, low HIF‐1α level was correlated with improved responsiveness to cisplatin treatment in ovarian cancer patients. Bufalin was a potent inhibitor of cell growth and migration in ovarian cancer cells through suppression of mTOR activation and HIF‐1α induction. Bufalin could be used to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin in ovarian cancer patients.