bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Ventilator Asynchrony in Critically-Ill Adult Patients Undergoing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: Incidence, Risk Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Zhou Yongfang , Holets Steven R , Li Man , Puentes Gustavo A Cortes , Meyer Todd J , Hanson Andrew C , Schulte Phillip J , Oeckler Richard A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) is commonly encountered during mechanical ventilation of critically ill patients. Estimates of PVA incidence vary widely. Type, risk factors, and consequences of PVA remain unclear. We aimed to measure the incidence and identify types of PVA, characterize risk factors for development, and explore the relationship between PVA and outcome among critically ill, mechanically ventilated adult patients admitted to medical, surgical, and medical-surgical intensive care units in a large academic institution staffed with varying provider training background.Methods: A single center, retrospective cohort study of all adult critically ill patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for ≥12 hours.Results: A total of 676 patients who underwent 696 episodes of mechanical ventilation were included. Overall PVA occurred in 170 (24%) episodes. Double triggering 92(13%) was most common, followed by flow starvation 73(10%). A history of smoking, and pneumonia, sepsis, or ARDS were risk factors for overall PVA and double triggering (all P<0.05). Compared with volume targeted ventilation, pressure targeted ventilation decreased the occurrence of events (all P<0.01). During volume controlled synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and pressure targeted ventilation, ventilator settings were associated with the incidence of overall PVA. The number of overall PVA, as well as double triggering and flow starvation specifically, were associated with worse outcomes and fewer hospital-free days (all P<0.01).Conclusion: Double triggering and flow starvation are the most common PVA among critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients. Overall incidence as well as double triggering and flow starvation PVA specifically, portend worse outcome.
A Strategy for Identifying the Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease From Healthy Controls: Distance to Novelty Detection Boundary
Authors: Mao Jiangbing , Ye Qinyong , Yang Hongqing , Bucholc Magda , Liu Shuo , Gao Wenzhao , Wang Yingqing , Xin Jiawei , Ding Xuemei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Machine learning (ML) techniques are expected to tackle the problem of the high prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) we are facing worldwide. However, few studies of novelty detection (ND), a typical ML technique for safety-critical systems especially in healthcare, were engaged for identifying the risk of developing cognitive impairment from healthy controls (HC) population.Materials and Methods: Two independent datasets were used for this study, including the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing (AIBL) and the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital (FMUUH), China datasets. Multiple feature selection methods were applied to identify the most relevant features for predicting the severity of AD. Four easily interpretable ND algorithms, including k nearest neighbor, Mixture of Gaussian (MoG), KMEANS, and support vector data description were used to construct predictive models. The models were visualized by drawing their decision boundaries tightly surrounding the HC data. A distance to boundary (DtB) strategy was proposed to differentiate individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD from HC. Results: The best overall MCI&AD detection performance in both AIBL and FMUUH was obtained on the cognitive and functional assessments (CFA) modality only using MoG-based ND with AUC of 0.8757 and 0.9443, respectively. The highest sensitivity of MCI was presented by using a combination of CFA and brain imaging modality. The DTB value reflects the risk of developing cognitive impairment for HC and the dementia severity of MCI/AD.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that applying some non-invasive and cost-effective features can significantly detect cognitive decline in an early stage. The visualized decision boundary and the proposed DtB strategy illustrated the severity of cognitive decline of potential MCI&AD patients in an early stage. The results would help inform future guidelines for developing a clinical decision-making support system aiming at an early diagnosis and prognosis of MCI&AD.
Chitin Matrix and Ultrastructure of Phosphate-Shelled Brachiopods
Authors: Agbaje Oluwatoosin , Brock Glenn , Zhang Zhifei , Liang Yue , George Simon , Holmer Lars 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Phosphate-shelled brachiopods differ in filter-feeding lifestyle, with Lingula anatina an active infaunal burrower, and Discinisca tenuis a shallow marine epibenthic animal. The shells of these biomineralized organisms are built of organophosphatic constituents, the organic fibres/sheets reinforced with calcium phosphate (Ca-phosphate) to provide a sophisticated ultrastructural robustness. This investigation studied the nature of organic fibres in order to improve our understanding of how design principles are relevant to biominerals. Unlike the powdered samples that were commonly used in previous studies, for the first time organic fibres were isolated and the shell fractions were purified, in order to study the content and nature of the biopolymer fibres. Ultrastructural analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis and spectroscopic analyses reveal that the core polysaccharide framework is composed of layers of β-chitin sheets that are coated with a fibrous protein matrix. The chitin matrix in Lingula shells, 26.6 wt.%, is about two-fold higher wt.% compared to Discinisca shells,12.9 wt.%. After thermal gravimetric analysis, skeletal imaging of these shells shows important differences. Discinisca contains just a single layer that is ~21.0 µm thick. In contrast, Lingula exhibits two separate layers: the thicknesses of the primary- and secondary-layers are ~20.3 µm and ~8.1 µm, respectively. Taken together, the data shows that the chitin matrix contributes to increased skeletal strength, making Lingula highly adapted for life as an active burrower. In comparison, Discinisca contains less chitin and lives as attached epibenthos in a shallow marine environment.
Prognostic value of Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 compared with Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Prozan Lior , Shusterman Eden , Ablin Jacob , Mitelpunkt Alexis , Weiss-Meilik Ahuva , Adler Amos , Choshen Guy , Kehat Orli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: A high Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is considered an unfavorable prognostic factor in various diseases, including COVID-19. The prognostic value of NLR in other respiratory viral infections, such as Influenza, has not hitherto been extensively studied. We aimed to compare the prognostic value of NLR in COVID-19, Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection (RSV).Method: A retrospective cohort of COVID-19, Influenza and RSV patients admitted to the Tel Aviv Medical Center from January 2010 to October 2020 was analyzed. Laboratory, demographic, and clinical parameters were collected. Two way analyses of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the association between NLR values and poor outcomes among the three groups. ROC curve analyses for each virus was applied to test the discrimination ability of NLR. Results: 722 COVID-19, 2213 influenza and 482 RSV patients were included. Above the age of 50, NLR at admission was significantly lower among COVID-19 patients (P<0.001). NLR was associated with poor clinical outcome only in the COVID-19 group. ROC curve analysis was performed; the area under curve of poor outcomes for COVID-19 was 0.643, compared with 0.497 and 0.537 for Influenza and RSV respectively. In the COVID-19 group, multivariate logistic regression identified a high NLR (defined as a value above 4.7) to be a prognostic factor for poor clinical outcome, after adjusting for age, sex and Charlson comorbidity score (odds ratio of 1.6, P=0.005). Conclusions: NLR at admission is lower and has more prognostic value in COVID-19 patients, when compared to Influenza and RSV.
Isolation, Serotyping and Molecular Detection of Bovine FMD Virus from Outbreak Cases in Aba'ala District of Afar Region
Authors: Tegegne Teshager Dubie , Mengiste Tsedale Amare 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Among the top listed economically important transboundary livestock diseases of cattle, foot and mouth disease (FMD) is the leading bottleneck in livestock production and productivity in Ethiopia. On the basis of FMDV active outbreak cases, a cross sectional study was undertaken to collect samples from January, 2019 to March, 2020 intended for isolation, serotyping and molecular detection of FMDV in the study district. Purposive sampling method was applied to select the study area for the reason that the presence of current active FMD outbreak case report during the study period. Totally, 27 FMD suspected clinical samples were collected from clinically affected study population during field outbreak. Out of 27 samples, 18 of them were inoculated on cultured Baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) monolayer cells and all 27 samples were tested using conventional RT-PCR and sets of specific universal primers. Finally, the PCR products were visualized with UV illumination and imaged with gel documentation system. Results: The current study result revealed that out of 18 clinical samples subjected to virus isolation, 72.2%(n=13) of these cultures exhibited FMDV induced cytopathic effect (CPE) and the identified serotype was SAT-2 FMD virus. Out of 27 clinical samples tested by conventional RT-PCR, only 12 FMDV samples were found to be FMDV positive by universal primers. Out of 27 clinical samples detected by conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), only 12 FMDV samples were found to be FMDV positive by universal primers.Conclusions: Our study finding indicated FMDV is prevalent in the study area and FMDV serotype SAT-2 was the causality for the outbreaks of the disease in the study area. Hence, region wise regular FMD outbreaks investigation, further phylogenetic analysis and vaccine matching field isolates should be carried out to know in depth data about FMDV serotypes and topotypes involving in afar region of Ethiopia for effective vaccine development and control of the disease.
The Prevalence of Behavioral Risk Factors in People with HIV/AIDS and Its Effect on Adherence to Treatment
Authors: Soofi Moslem , Shakiba Ebrahim , Moradinazar Mehdi , Moradi Atefeh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Behavioral risk factors, in addition to increasing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission, can affect the antiretroviral therapy (ART) pattern of people with the condition. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral risk factors and its effect on adherence to antiretroviral drugs (ARV) treatment in patients with HIV/AIDS in western Iran.Methods: This study was performed on all patients who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Kermanshah province during the years 1995-2019 (25 years). Adherence to treatment in these patients was divided into three categories according to the WHO definition: Non-adherence, cessation and adherence to treatment. Using single-variable and multi-variable logistic regression, the effect of important variables in four models was modified and the effect of each of the behavioral risk factors was studied in patients who had non-adherence or experienced cessation compared to those who adhered to ARV.Results: Of the 2,867 patients with HIV/AIDS, 2,449 (85.42%) were men. The mean age of HIV infection was 33.36 ± 11.8 years. In 1995, less than 10 percent of people received treatment, which is 2019 it reached to more than 67 percent. All behavioral risk factors increased the non-adherence to medication and cessation of ARV. In general, after controlling confounding variables except needle sharing, all behavioral variables affected ARV treatment; The greatest impact on non-adherence to medication was History of drug abuse, History of the prison, History of injection drug use and Sex with non-spouse with a chance of 10.87 (7.21-16.39), 3.94 (2.84-5.46), 3.86 (2.47-6.03) and 3.38(2.19-5.23) times more than patients without these risk factors, respectively.Conclusion: Although the process of receiving treatment has been increasing since 2005, the non-adherence to medication is still high in high-risk groups, so it is important to focus more on reducing non-adherence and eventually cessation of treatment. In particular, more focus is necessary for health education and raising the level of awareness of these groups.
Fonología puinave
Authors: Caudmont Jean 
Published: December 2020

0.—Introducción.
1.—Descripción de los fonemas:

1.1.—Lista de los fonemas.
1.2.—Clasificación de los fonemas.
1.3.—Nota sobre la interpretación de algunos fonemas.
1.4.—Realización de los fonemas: alófonos.
1.5.—Ejemplos.
1.6.—El Acento.

2.—Distribución de los fonemas:

2.1.—Estructura de la sílaba.
2.2.—Fonemas sencillos.
2.21.—Vocales.
2.22.—Consonantes.
2.3.—Fonemas agrupados.
2.31.—Vocales.
2.32.—Consonantes.
Implementasi Teknik Bagging untuk Peningkatan Kinerja J48 dan Logistic Regression dalam Prediksi Minat Pembelian Online
Authors: Rahmawati Eka , Agustina Candra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract—The rapid growth of online shopping sites makes business in the virtual world very promising. Purchasing intentions is one of the keys to success in an online store. There are several data mining methods for making predictions on online purchase intentions datasets. Data can represent the characteristics or habits of each user who has visited a site whether it ends with a transaction or not. Some popular algorithms with good performance in data mining include J48 and Logistic Regression. However, in data sometimes there is a problem of class imbalance, so the ensemble technique needs to be applied. One technique that can be applied is bagging. This research examines data using bagging techniques to improve the performance of the J48 algorithm and Logistic Regression. The results of improving the performance of data mining algorithms with these techniques have an accuracy value of 89.68% for the J48 algorithm and 88.50% for the Logistic Regression algorithm. This figure shows an increase when compared with initial testing without using ensemble techniques. Increases were also experienced in Recall, F-Measure, and AUC values.
Keywords—purchasing intentions; J48; Logistic Regression; Bagging;
Abstrak— Pesatnya situs pembelanjaan online menjadikan bisnis di dunia virtual sangat menjanjikan. Minat pembelian menjadi salah satu kunci kesuksesan pada sebuah toko online. Terdapat beberapa metode data mining untuk melakukan prediksi pada dataset minat pembelian online. Data dapat mewakili karakteristik atau kebiasaan dari setiap user yang telah mengunjungi suatu situs baik berakhir dengan melakukan transaksi ataupun tidak. Beberapa algoritma yang populer dengan kinerja yang baik dalam data mining diantaranya J48 dan Logistic Regreession. Namun, dalam sebuah data terkadang terdapat masalah ketidakseimbangan kelas, sehingga perlu diterapkan teknik ensemble. Salah satu teknik yang dapat diterapkan adalah teknik bagging. Penelitian kali ini mengujikan data dengan teknik bagging untuk meningkatkan kinerja algoritma J48 dan Logistic Regression. Hasil dari peningkatan kinerja algoritma data mining dengan teknik tersebut memiliki nilai akurasi 89.68% untuk algoritma J48 dan 88.50% untuk algoritma Logistic Regression. Angka tersebut menunjukan adanya peningkatan jika dibandingkan dengan pengujian awal tanpa menggunakan teknik ensemble. Peningkatan juga dialami pada nilai Recall, F-Measure, dan AUC.
Keywords—Minat Pembelian, J48, Logistic Regression, Bagging
Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa pada Pembelajaran Auditory Intellectually Repetition
Authors: Saputra Edy , Zulmaulida Rahmy , Marlina Marlina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the students' creative thinking ability through the Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) cooperative learning model in the Arithmetic Series material in the X Science class of Public Senior High School 2 PEUSANGAN. The population in this study were all students of class X Science at Public senior High School 2 PEUSANGAN, Bireuen Regency with research samples was class X IPA 4 as experimental class I, and X IPA 3 as experimental class II, with the total number of students, were 35 for each class which was selected by using purposive sampling. Data analysis was carried out through a quantitative descriptive. To find out the difference in the average, it was used two-sample- t-test. The results of the study by testing the hypothesis using the t-test at a significant level of α = 0.05 obtained t_count> t table, namely 1.70> 1.67, so it was concluded that students' creative thinking ability through Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) cooperative learning model was better rather than students' creative thinking skills through Expository learning models.Keywords: Creative Thinking Ability; AIR Cooperative Model; Expository Learning AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) pada materi Barisan dan Deret Aritmetika di kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 2 Peusangan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 2 Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen dengan sampel penelitian kelas X IPA 4 sebagai kelas eksperimen I, dan X IPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen II, dengan jumlah 35 siswa untuk masing-masing kelas yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif deskriptif. Untuk mengetahui perbedaan rerata digunakan uji t dua sampel. Hasil penelitian dengan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t pada taraf signifikan α=0,05 diperoleh , yaitu sehingga diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) lebih baik daripada kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa melalui model pembelajaran ekspositori.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif; Model Kooperatif AIR; Model Ekspositori
Kejadian Depresi pada Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan Perempuan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan
Authors: Sinaga Mei Elfrida , Andriany Megah , Nurrahima Artika 
Published: December 2020

Meningkatnya jumlah warga binaan pemasyarakatan (WBP) perempuan di lapas menyebabkan munculnya masalah psikologis termasuk depresi. Depresi yang dialami WBP perempuan berdampak pada aspek lain yaitu keluarga, anak, dan komunitas. Kondisi ini menjadi beban tambahan bagi WBP perempuan selama di lapas dikarenakan terpisah dari anak, masalah hak asuh anak, larangan kontak dengan anak, kegagalan peran menjadi ibu maupun istri sehingga memiliki pandangan negatif terhadap diri sendiri, orang lain, dan masa depan, dapat berpengaruh buruk secara berkelanjutan memicu terjadinya perilaku negatif seperti melukai diri sendiri bahkan bunuh diri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan masalah depresi yang dialami WBP perempuan selama menjalani masa pidana di Lapas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Subjek penelitian sebanyak 159 WBP perempuan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive random sampling dengan kriteria inklusi usia 18 tahun ke atas, sudah mendapatkan putusan vonis menjalani masa pidana dan kriteria eksklusi adalah WBP perempuan yang berada di ruang isolasi, tidak memiliki penyakit kronis, dan residivisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat depresi WBP perempuan kategori ringan sampai sedang. Kata kunci: depresi, warga binaan pemasyarakatan perempuan THE INCIDENCE OF DEPRESSION ON FEMALE INMATES IN CORRECTIONAL SETTING ABSTRACTThe increasing number of female inmates in Prison led to the emergence of psychological problems including depression. Depression experienced by female inmate’s impact on other aspects, namely family, children, and community. This condition becomes an additional burden for the female inmates in Prison due to separate from the child, the issue of child custody, a ban on contact with children, the failure of the role of being a mother and wife and so have a negative view of themselves, others, and future can be a bad influence in a sustainable trigger the occurrence of negative behaviors such as self-mutilation and even suicide. The purpose of this study is to describe the problem of depression experienced by female inmates during a period of criminal in Prison. The research method used descriptive quantitative. Data collection was done using Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) questionnaires. The subject of the study a total of 159 female inmates selected using purposive random sampling with the inclusion criteria of age 18 years and above, already get the verdict undergo a criminal past and an exclusion criterion is a female inmate who are in isolation, do not have a chronic illness, and recidivism. The results showed that the level of depression female inmate's category of mild to moderate. Keywords: depression, female inmates