bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable magnesium alloy (WE43) in bone‐fixation plate and screw
Authors: Byun Soo‐Hwan , Lim Ho‐Kyung , Cheon Kwang‐Hee , Lee Sung‐Mi , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Lee Jong‐Ho 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical strength and the absorption rate of WE43 material and to develop an absorbable metallic plate and screw for craniofacial application. The extruded WE43 plate and screw were evaluated using a LeFort I osteotomy canine model of 10 beagle dogs. Animals were divided into two groups: five dogs in the experimental group and five dogs in the control group. μCT was acquired at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. At 24 weeks after the operation, all animals were sacrificed, and histologic evaluation was performed. Swelling and gas formation were observed in three dogs in the experimental groups at 8 weeks. From 12 weeks, infraorbital fistula and inflammation were observed in three dogs in the experimental group, which gradually decreased and disappeared at 24 weeks. Other two dogs showed less gas formation at 12 weeks. The plates were completely absorbed, and gas formation was not observed at 24 weeks in these two dogs. New bone was well formed around the plates and screws in both groups. Histologic examination showed no specific differences between two groups. The mechanical strength of extruded WE43 was sufficient for mid‐facial application. Plates and screws made with appropriately treated WE43 have the potential to be useful clinically.
Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography of the Central Lymphatic System: Technique and Clinical Applications
Authors: Pabon‐Ramos Waleska M. , Raman Vignesh , Schwartz Fides R. , Tong Betty C. , Koweek Lynne M. 
Published: February 2020

Magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) is a noninvasive imaging technique that can be used in the management of lymphatic disorders to delineate the central lymphatic system for treatment planning. This article reviews the MRL technique, its advantages, limitations, indications, and impact on patient management.Level of Evidence 5Technical Efficacy Stage 3J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:374–380.
Lipids in Parenteral Nutrition: Biological Aspects
Authors: Calder Philip C. , Waitzberg Dan L. , Klek Stanislaw , Martindale Robert G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLipid emulsions are an integral part of parenteral nutrition, and traditionally have been regarded as an energy‐dense source of calories and essential fatty acids. For many years, lipids used in parenteral nutrition have been based on vegetable oils (eg, soybean‐oil emulsions). However, soybean‐oil emulsions may not have an optimal fatty‐acid composition under some circumstances when used as the only lipid source, as soybean oil is particularly abundant in the ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), linoleic acid. Hence, a progressive series of more complex lipid emulsions have been introduced, typically combining soybean oil with 1 or more alternative oils, such as medium‐chain triglycerides (MCTs) and/or olive oil and/or fish oil. The wide range of lipid emulsions now available for parenteral nutrition offers opportunities to alter the supply of different fatty acids, which potentially modifies functional properties, with effects on inflammatory processes, immune response, and hepatic metabolism. Fish oil has become an important component of modern, composite lipid emulsions, in part owing to a growing evidence base concerning its biological effects in a variety of preclinical models. These biological activities of fish oil are mainly attributed to its ω‐3 PUFA content, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). DHA and EPA have known mechanisms of action, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidative properties. Specialized proresolving mediators, such as resolvins, protectins, and maresins, are synthesized directly from DHA and EPA, are key for the resolution of inflammation, and improve outcomes in many cell‐ and animal‐based models and, recently, in some clinical settings.
Use of Lipids in Neonates Requiring Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Deshpande Girish C. , Cai Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeonates have limited antioxidative capacity and are at increased risk of infection and inflammation—a situation that is exacerbated in preterm neonates. Together, oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in many serious conditions affecting neonates, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia and periventricular leukomalacia. Neonates requiring parenteral nutrition have certain nutritional requirements. For example, very long‐chain ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are regarded as conditionally essential with critical roles during early retinal and brain development, and may also have other benefits such as anti‐inflammatory effects. Because of these factors, the choice of lipid emulsion used as part of parenteral nutrition support may influence clinical outcomes in neonates. There are concerns that lipid emulsions based purely on soybean oil may increase lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and inflammation because of their high ω‐6 PUFA and low ω‐3 PUFA concentrations. Composite fish‐oil containing lipid emulsions may provide advantages for neonates owing to their high DHA and EPA content and high antioxidant (α‐tocopherol) levels. Here, we discuss clinical trials of lipid emulsions in preterm and term neonatal populations, with a particular emphasis on markers of oxidative stress and DHA and EPA levels. Olive oil/soybean oil lipid emulsions have shown few advantages in neonates over other lipid emulsions. However, compared with either pure soybean or soybean/olive‐oil based emulsions, composite fish‐oil containing lipid emulsions reduce oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation and also increase DHA and EPA levels. These advantages may translate into clinical benefits for neonates requiring parenteral nutrition.
Polarization‐dependent anisotropic Raman response of CVD‐grown vertically stacked MoS2 layers
Authors: Kim Hanul , Ko Hayoung , Kim Soo Min , Rho Heesuk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report on the polarized Raman scattering results of vertically stacked few‐layer MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition. Results of monolayer MoS2 showed that the polarization‐angle‐resolved intensity profiles of both out‐of‐plane A1g and in‐plane
phonon modes followed the Raman polarization selection rules. In contrast, the polarization‐angle dependence of the
phonon intensity in the multilayer region showed a deviation from the polarization selection rules, whereas that of the A1g phonon intensity remained unchanged regardless of the layer number. Furthermore, the polarization anisotropy of the
phonon intensity increased with an increase in layer number. The vertically stacked MoS2 multilayers had oblique, deformed edge boundaries that were not parallel to the basal monolayer edge, suggesting the presence of slight interlayer twisting and/or sliding between neighboring layers. Therefore, we suggest that the polarization‐dependent anisotropic behavior of the
phonon in the multilayer region is attributed to stacking disorder between MoS2 layers.
Fermentation of soybean meal improves isoflavone metabolism after soy biscuit consumption by adults
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Fabricio , Lemos Thayane CC , Sandôra Diego , Monteiro Mariana , Perrone Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDUrinary excretion of isoflavones and their metabolites after the consumption of soybean meal (SBM) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM) biscuits was investigated in humans in a randomized double‐blinded crossover clinical trial.RESULTSAglycones were the most abundant metabolites in urine in both treatments. After FSBM consumption, total urinary excretion of aglycones and metabolites was 54% higher when compared to SBM biscuits. All metabolites were more rapidly excreted after FSBM biscuit consumption when compared to SBM biscuits. Urinary recovery of isoflavones was higher after FSBM biscuit consumption, reaching 67%. Women excreted higher amounts of colonic metabolites and lower amounts of aglycones than men. The prevalence of O‐demethylangolensin‐producer, equol‐producer and nonproducer metabotypes was 56%, 11% and 36% after SBM consumption and 72%, 11% and 17% after FSBM consumption, respectively.CONCLUSIONSTogether, our findings indicate that fermentation improves isoflavone bioavailability and possibly reduces the impact of gut microbiota on the metabolism of isoflavones. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Prodromal Dementia With Lewy Bodies: Clinical Characterization and Predictors of Progression
Authors: van de Beek Marleen , van Steenoven Inger , van der Zande Jessica J. , Barkhof Frederik , Teunissen Charlotte E. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Lemstra Afina W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine clinical characteristics, cognitive decline, and predictors for time to dementia in prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies with mild cognitive impairment (MCI‐LB) compared with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (MCI‐AD).MethodsWe included 73 MCI‐LB patients (12% female; 68 ± 6 years; Mini Mental State Examination, 27 ± 2) and 124 MCI‐AD patients (48% female; 68 ± 7 years; Mini Mental State Examination, 27 ± 2) from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. Follow‐up was available for 61 MCI‐LB patients and all MCI‐AD patients (3 ± 2 years). We evaluated dementia with Lewy bodies core features, neuropsychiatric symptoms, caregiver burden (Zarit caregiver burden interview), MRI, apolipoprotein genotype, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers (tau/Aβ1–42 ratio). Longitudinal outcome measures included cognitive slopes (memory, attention, executive functions, and language and visuospatial functions) and time to dementia.ResultsParkinsonism was the most frequently present core feature in MCI‐LB (69%). MCI‐LB patients more often had neuropsychiatric symptoms and scored higher on ZARIT when compared with the MCI‐AD patients. Linear mixed models showed that at baseline, MCI‐LB patients performed worse on nonmemory cognitive domains, whereas memory performance was worse in MCI‐AD patients. Over time, MCI‐LB patients declined faster on attention, whereas MCI‐AD patients declined faster on the Mini Mental State Examination and memory. Cox proportional hazards regressions showed that in the MCI‐LB patients, lower attention (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–2.3) and more posterior cortical atrophy (HR = 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5–5.8) predicted shorter time to dementia. In the MCI‐AD patients, worse performance on memory (HR = 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2) and executive functions (HR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0–1.6) were independently associated with time to Alzheimer's dementia.ConclusionMCI‐LB patients have distinct neuropsychiatric and cognitive profiles with prominent decline in attention when compared with MCI‐AD patients. Our results highlight the importance of early diagnosis because symptoms already have an impact in the prodromal stages. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Novel loss‐of‐function mutation in MCM8 causes premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Xin , He Wen‐Bin , Xiao Wen‐Juan , Meng Lan‐Lan , Tan Chen , Du Juan , Lu Guang‐Xiu , Lin Ge , Tan Yue‐Qiu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPremature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one major cause of female infertility, minichromosome maintenance complex component 8 (MCM8) has been reported to be responsible for POI.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic variants of women with POI. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the variants in all the family members. Various bioinformatic software was used for the pathogenicity assessment. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), real‐time quantitative PCR, and a chromosomal instability study induced by mitomycin C were performed to analyze the functional effects of the variant.ResultsA novel homozygous frameshift mutation (NM_032485.4:c.351_354delAAAG) of MCM8 gene was identified in the patients, segregated with POI in this family. This mutation is predicted to produce truncated MCM8 protein and to be pathogenic. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that the frameshift mutation led to a remarkably reduced level of MCM8 transcript products, and chromosomal instability study showed that the ability of mutant MCM8 to repair DNA breaks was impaired.ConclusionWe identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in the MCM8 gene in two affected sisters with POI, and functional analysis revealed that this mutation is pathogenic. Our findings enrich the MCM8 mutation spectrum and might help clinicians to make a precise diagnosis, thereby allowing better family planning and genetic counseling.
Beyond Redistribution: In-Stream Habitat Restoration Increases Capacity for Young-of-the-Year Chinook Salmon and Steelhead in the Entiat River, Washington
Authors: Polivka Carlos M. , Claeson Shannon M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We conducted snorkel surveys for juvenile salmonids in reaches of the Entiat River, Washington, treated with engineered logjams and in reaches without treatments to determine if observations at a habitat unit scale can identify whether restoration has increased the habitat capacity of a reach. The conceptual basis and field methodology emphasize fish density data (fish/habitat area in m2) from unrestored habitat within a reach treated with engineered logjams compared with surveys in (1) unrestored habitat in untreated reaches and (2) restored habitat in treated reaches. A Bayesian generalized linear model enabled us to quantify density differences among habitat types using advanced computational statistics. Modal density of young-of-the-year Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss was at least 3.1-fold and 2.7-fold greater, respectively, in restored habitat compared with unrestored habitat for all treated reaches examined. To distinguish the density differences in those reaches as capacity increases rather than redistribution from poor habitat to good habitat, we compared density in unrestored habitat in both treated and untreated reaches. Here we found no differences for either species, confirming that the increased density in restored habitat units did not come from depletion of unrestored habitat in the same reach. We thus concluded that restoration increased the habitat capacity of the reach at the scale of pools created by engineered logjams.
The policy graph decomposition of multistage stochastic programming problems
Authors: Dowson Oscar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe propose the policy graph as a structured way of formulating a general class of multistage stochastic programming problems in a way that leads to a natural decomposition. We also propose an extension to the stochastic dual dynamic programming algorithm to solve a subset of problems formulated as a policy graph. This subset includes discrete‐time, convex, infinite‐horizon, multistage stochastic programming problems with continuous state and control variables. To demonstrate the utility of our algorithm, we solve an existing multistage stochastic programming problem from the literature based on pastoral dairy farming. We show that the finite‐horizon model in the literature suffers from end‐of‐horizon effects, which we are able to overcome with an infinite‐horizon model.
A frictional spring and cohesive contact model for accurate simulation of contact forces in numerical manifold method
Authors: Zhang Ning , Li Xu , Lin Xingchao 
Published: February 2020

Summary“Open‐close iteration” is a crucial algorithm for handling complex contacts in numerical manifold method (NMM) and discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). This algorithm has proved to be robust and efficient for decades. However, as some researchers have pointed out, the original open‐close iteration may involve errors in sliding tests, especially in critical sliding tests with cohesive contacts. In this study, two major problems in the original algorithm are found to be nonconvergent contact force and early removed cohesive strength. The modifications are the following: (a) a frictional spring. By avoiding the trail value of normal contact force, we added a new frictional spring to the iteration scheme. This spring can apply accurate friction and can help ensure the convergence of contact forces. (b) A cohesive contact model. The original scheme can encounter an “early failure” in cohesive contacts. After investigating how contacts provide shear resistance, we found the cause and then provided a simple correction of the cohesive issue. The new algorithms in this article are essential for accurately simulating contacts by NMM/DDA.
{Nano‐gold, iron(III)‐1,3,5‐benzene tricarboxylate metal organic framework (MOF)} nano‐composite as precursor for laser ablation generation of gold‐iron AumFen+/− (m = 1–35, n = 1–5) clusters. Mass spectrometric study
Authors: Pečinka Lukáš , Havel Josef 
Published: February 2020

RationaleGold‐iron bimetallic materials have applications in many fields, especially in nanotechnology and biomedicine. The chemistry of iron‐doped gold clusters is still not fully understood but opens up the possibility of developing new materials, e.g. of gold cages doped with iron atoms. There have been several theoretical studies on these clusters but only a few experimental studies.MethodsLaser desorption ionisation (LDI) was used for the generation of Au–Fe bimetallic clusters via laser ablation (337 nm nitrogen laser) of the synthesised nano‐composite {nano‐gold; Fe(III) 1,3,5‐benzene tricarboxylate}, i.e. {AuNPs, Fe‐MOF}, while a quadrupole ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer, equipped with a reflectron, was used to acquire mass spectra.ResultsA {AuNPs, Fe‐MOF} nano‐composite was prepared and found suitable for the LDI generation of AumFen clusters. In addition to Aum+/− (m = 1–35) clusters, a series of positively and negatively charged gold–iron AumFen+/− clusters were generated. The mass spectra exhibited evidence for the clusters containing up to five iron atoms. In total, 113 binary AumFen+/− clusters (m = 1–35, n = 1–5) were identified in the gas phase.ConclusionsA synthesised {AuNPs, iron(III)‐1,3,5‐benzene tricarboxylate MOF} nano‐composite was found suitable for the generation of many new gold–iron clusters and mass spectrometry was shown to be an efficient technique for the determination of the cluster stoichiometry. A broad series of over 100 bimetallic AumFen clusters, some of them suggested to be gold cages doped with iron atoms (for m = 12 and higher), not only demonstrate a rich and complex chemistry, but also open wide possibilities of biomedical applications.
A Thin Film Nanocomposite Reverse Osmosis Membrane Incorporated with S‐Beta Zeolite Nanoparticles for Water Desalination
Authors: Marioryad Hossein , Ghaedi Abdol Mohammad , Emadzadeh Daryoush , Baneshi Mohammad Mehdi , Vafaei Azam , Lau Woei‐Jye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new type of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane incorporating S‐Beta zeolite nanoparticles was synthesized through interfacial polymerization of m‐phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride on the surface of nanoporous membrane support. The presence of S‐Beta zeolite in the polyamide layer of RO membrane was detected by scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscope. The impacts of S‐Beta zeolite loading ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 wt% on the separation performance of membrane were further studied and the results showed that the optimal S‐Beta zeolite for RO membrane was at 0.05 wt%. Compared to the control RO membrane without nanoparticles that showed water flux of 25.36 L/(m2.h) and NaCl rejection of 97%, the membrane incorporated with optimal zeolite loading exhibited better performance (65.25 L/(m2.h) and 97.33%) when tested using 1500 ppm NaCl solution at 300 psi.
Construction of [5/7/5] Fused Tricyclic Sulfones via Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Fatma Ambareen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, we describe a simple and efficient synthetic approach to tricyclic sulfones containing fused [5/7/5] ring system from three isomeric Diels–Alder adducts via ring‐rearrangement metathesis (RCM) as a key step. Seven membered sulfone containing ring system developed here has been encountered as constituents of HIV protease inhibitor. To this end, we successfully synthesized three sulfone containing molecules in good yields. Some of them are unambiguously characterized by a single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Our simple approach allows the synthesis of highly fused tricyclic sulfones which are difficult to design by conventional methods.
Crystal Morphology Modification of 5, 5′‐Bisthiazole‐1,1′‐ dioxyhydroxyammonium Salt
Authors: Xu Xin , Chen Dong , Li Hongzhen , Xu Rong , Zhao Haixia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe growth morphology of 5, 5′‐bisthiazole‐1, 1′‐dioxyhydroxyammonium salt (TKX‐50) under vacuum and solvent conditions was studied by using the attached energy (AE) model .The calculation results show that the (1 1 1) face have large morphological importance in these three additives systems sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and Tween 20 system, and the predicted TKX‐50 morphology is consistent with the experimental results. Further, the friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of different crystal morphology of TKX‐50 were tested and discussed. The results show that the crystal morphology is an important factor in controlling the friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of explosives.
Nickel‐Catalyzedortho‐Acyloxylation of Benzamides and Acrylamides with Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Lin Jingyi , Guo Zhao , Lin Cong , Gao Fei , Shen Liang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe nickel‐catalyzedortho‐acyloxylation of C(sp2)‐H bonds of benzamides and acrylamides assisted by8‐aminoquinolyl auxiliary has been realized for the first time. A wide range of carboxylic acids were compatible in this protocol to provide diverse carboxylic esters in moderate to excellent yields.
Capability interactions and adaptation to demand‐side change
Authors: Wang Tang , Aggarwal Vikas A. , Wu Brian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch summaryWe examine how interactions among a firm's capabilities influence the extent and direction of firm adaptation under conditions of demand‐side change. Our empirical context is the U.S. defense industry, within which we study firms receiving defense‐related Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) awards around September 11, 2001, an event which constituted an exogenous demand‐side shock in which technology‐related preferences of customers were reshuffled. We find that under demand‐side change, preexisting customer relationships have a double‐edged effect: They facilitate “extension‐based” adaptation when interacted with technology capabilities experiencing a decline in customer preferences, and they hinder “novelty‐based” adaptation when interacted with technology capabilities experiencing an increase in such preferences. We also find that both types of technological capabilities together facilitate adaptation along the extension and novelty paths.Managerial summaryDemand‐side change, in which customer preferences for particular technologies are reshuffled, occurs in many industry settings. A deeper understanding of the factors shaping firm adaptation under this form of change can influence managers' decisions to implement strategies to plan for and react to such change. Using a sample of firms receiving defense‐related SBIR awards around September 11, 2001, we show that the customer relationships a firm develops prior to demand‐side change can have a double‐edged effect on firm adaptation. Such relationships facilitate “extension‐based” adaptation when combined with technology capabilities declining in customer preferences and hinder “novelty‐based” adaptation when combined with technology capabilities increasing in customer preferences. In addition, the combination of the two technological capability types facilitates adaptation along both paths.