bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles from human mesenchymal stem cells expedite chondrogenesis in 3D human degenerative disc cell cultures
Authors: Hingert Daphne , Ekström Karin , Aldridge Jonathan , Crescitelli Rosella , Brisby Helena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are known to be mediators of intercellular communication and has been suggested as possible therapeutic agents in many diseases. Their potential use in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration associated with low back pain (LBP) is yet to be explored. Since LBP affects more than 85% of the western population resulting in high socioeconomic consequences there is a demand for exploring new and possibly mini-invasive treatment alternatives. In this study, the effect of hMSCs derived small EVs (sEVs) on degenerated disc cells (DCs) isolated from patients with degenerative discs and chronic LBP was investigated in a 3D in vitro model.
Methods
hMSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirate and EVs were isolated from conditioned media of the hMSCs by differential centrifugation and filtration. 3D pellet cultures of DCs were stimulated with the EVs at 5 × 1010 vesicles/mL concentration for 28 days and compared to control. The pellets were harvested at day 7, 14, and 28 and evaluated for cell proliferation, viability, ECM production, apoptotic activity, chondrogenesis and cytokine secretions.
Results
The findings demonstrated that treatment with sEVs from hMSCs resulted in more than 50% increase in cell proliferation and decrease in cellular apoptosis in degenerated DCs from this patient group. ECM production was also observed as early as in day 7 and was more than three times higher in the sEVs treated DC pellets compared to control cultures. Further, sEVs treatment suppressed secretion of MMP-1 in the DCs.
Conclusion
hMSC derived sEVs improved cell viability and expedited chondrogenesis in DCs from degenerated IVDs. These findings open up for new tissue regeneration treatment strategies to be developed for degenerative disorders of the spine.
The burden of Shigella and Salmonella, Antibiotics Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Diarrheic Children visited Alamura Health Center Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Eyamo Manamo , Alemayehu Tsegaye , Tadesse Bereket , Mitiku Enkosilassie , Bedawi Zufan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Salmonella and Shigella is a major health problem worldwide, in developing countries like Ethiopia, it is responsible for high morbidity and mortality of children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella infection, their antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factor among the diarrheic paediatrics patients that visited Alamura Health Center in southern Ethiopia. Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Alamura Health Center from April 2018 – July 2019. The study was performed on paediatrics below the age of 14 years in which consecutive children with diarrhoea were included for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data after assent and consent obtained from parents or caretaker. The stool sample cultured as per the standard operating procedure (SOP) of the microbiology laboratory. Antibiogram was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and was interpreted based on the Clinical and laboratory standard institute guideline (CLSI) version 2018. Results: Out of 263 children enrolled in the study, 50.5 % were females. The overall, 21/263 (8 %) 95% CI, (4.6 - 11.4%) Shigella and Salmonella was isolated. Shigella dysenteriae was dominantly isolated 11 (4.2%) followed by 9(3.42%) Shigella spp, and 1(0.38%) Salmonella typhi. Highly resistance to ampicillin (71.4%), augmentin and tetracycline (61.9%) each, whereas highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (95.2%), ceftriaxone & ceftazidime (85.9%) each, gentamycin (81%), chloramphenicol (76.2%), cefuroxime (66.7%) and cotrimoxazole (52.4%) identified. Those with habit of washing the hands of children after toilet sometimes (AOR = 235.1, 95% CI, 20.9 - 2643.3, P = .000) and store cooked food in open container for later use (AOR = 36.44, 95% CI, 5.82 - 228.06, P = .000) showed statistically significant association. Conclusion: High level of Shigella spp and one Salmonella was isolated from diarrheic children at Alamura Health Center. Shigella dysenteriae was the most dominantly isolated. Ampicillin, augmentin and tetracycline are with high resistance and ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole relatively sensitive. Those practised hands wash for their child after defecation for sometimes was 235.1-fold at risk of infection. Similarly, those store foods for later use in an open container was 36.44 times at risk of infection. Therefore, to alleviate this infection the concerned body should focus on giving health education for hand wash after defecation and storing food in a closed container later use is mandatory.
A New Scoring System for Predicting Extent of Resection in Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas Based on Three-dimensional Multimodality Fusion Imaging
Authors: Wang Zilan , Liang Xiaolong , Yang Yanbo , Gao Bixi , Wang Ling , You Wanchun , Chen Zhouqing , Wang Zhong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Three-dimensional (3D) multimodality fusion imaging has been proved to be a promising neurosurgical tool for presurgical evaluation of tumor removal. We aim to develop a scoring system based on this new tool to predict the resection grade of medial sphenoid wing meningiomas (mSWM) intuitively.
Methods
We included 46 patients treated for mSWM from 2014 to 2019 to evaluate their tumors’ location, volume, cavernous sinus involvement, vascular encasement and bone invasion by 3D multimodality fusion imaging. A scoring system based on the significant parameters detected by statistical analysis was created and evaluated.
Results
The tumor volumes ranged from 0.8 cm3 to 171.9 cm3. A total of 39 (84.8%) patients had arterial involvement. Cavernous sinus (CS) involvement was observed in 23 patients (50.0%) and bone invasion was noted in 10 patients (21.7%). Simpson I resection was achieved in 10 patients (21.7%) and Simpson II resection was achieved in 17 patients (37.0%). Fifteen patients (32.6%) underwent Simpson III resection and 4 patients (8.7%) underwent Simpson IV resections. A scoring system was created. The score ranged from 1 to 10 and the mean score of our patients was 5.3 ± 2.8. Strong positive monotonic correlation existed between the score and resection grade (Rs = .772, P < .001). The scoring system had good predictive capacity with an accuracy of 69.60%.
Conclusions
We described a scoring system that enabled neurosurgeons to predict extent of resection and outcomes for mSWM preoperatively with 3D multimodality fusion imaging.
Trial registration:
Retrospectively registered.
Reference gene selection in multiple Passiflora edulis tissues and under cold stress for RT- qPCR analysis
Authors: Tu Zhonghua , Fan Hang , Li Anding , Ran Na , Ding Ke , Xu Meng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Passiflora edulis is a tropical fruit with high edible and medicinal values that is widely cultivated in southern China. The development of new P. edulis variety with cold resistance and research on the mechanism of cold resistance are the basis for further promoting the cultivation of this species. In a previous study, our laboratory discovered a cold-resistant variety Pingtang 1, which is used as a material for the study of cold resistance mechanism in P. edulis. However, functional genes of P. edulis have not been well studied, especially via relative quantitative analysis. In addition, research on reference genes in P. edulis has not been reported.Results: We used three tools to test the expression stability of 10 candidate reference genes in multiple tissue samples and cold-treated samples of P. edulis. We found that Ts and EF1 showed the highest expression stability in all samples. Further analysis showed that HIS and EF1 were stably expressed in tissue samples, whereas UBQ and EF1 were stably expressed in cold-treated samples. Interestingly, EF1 was stably expressed in not only multiple tissue samples but also cold-treated samples. To validate the selected reference genes, we used the target gene ICE1 and investigated its expression level in cold-treated leaves. Interestingly, the expression of ICE1 increased with increasing cold treatment times.Conclusions: In this study, we successfully selected reference genes from among 10 candidates for P. edulis RT-qPCR data normalization. We selected Ts and EF1 as reference genes for normalization in all samples. HIS and EF1 were ideal for data normalization in tissue samples, whereas UBQ and EF1 were ideal for cold-treated samples. Our work substantially benefits the study of functional genes in P. edulis.
The detection of lung cancer using MTANN (Massive Training Artificial Neural Network) based soft tissue technique
Authors: Rajagopalan Kishore , babu Suresh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background An existing computer aided detection (CAD) scheme faces major issues during subtle nodule recognition. However, radiologists have not noticed subtle nodules in beginning stage of lung cancer. Method In the proposed computer aided detection (CAD) system, this issue has been resolved by creating MTANN based soft tissue technique from the lung segmented x-ray image. X-ray images are downloaded using JSRT(Japanese society of radiological technology) image set. JSRT image set includes 233 images (140 nodule x-ray images and 93 normal x-ray images). A mean size for a nodule is 17.8 mm and it is validated with computed tomography (CT) image. Thirty percent (42/140) abnormal represent subtle nodules and it is split into five stages (tremendously subtle, very subtle, subtle, observable, relatively observable) by radiologists. Result An existing computer aided detection (CAD) scheme attained 66.42% (93/140) sensitivity having 2.5 false positives (FPs) per image. Utilizing MTANN based soft tissue technique, many nodules superimposed by ribs as well as clavicles have identified (sensitivity is 72.85% (102/140) at one false positive rate). Conclusion In particular, proposed computer aided detection (CAD) system using soft tissue technique determine sensitivity in support of subtle nodules (14/42=33.33%) is statistically higher than CAD (13/42=30.95%) scheme without soft tissue technique. A proposed CAD scheme attained tremendously minimum false positive rate and it is a promising technique in support of cancerous recognition.
Nitrogen removal and microbial communities of a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) at different inorganic carbon (IC) concentrations
Authors: Wang Caimeng , Lei Lirong , Cai Fangrui , Li Youming 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this study, the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process was initiated in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). Then the reactor was operated under different IC/N ratios. The total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency (TINRE) at IC/N ratios of 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 and 2.0 were 37.0 ± 11.0%, 58.9 ± 10.2%, 73.9 ± 3.2%, 73.6 ± 1.8% and 72.6 ± 2.0%, respectively. The suitable range of IC/N ratio in this research is 1.25–2.0. The poor nitrogen removal performance at IC/N ratio of 0.75 was due to the lack of growth substrate for AnAOB and low pH simultaneously; at IC/N ratio of 1.0 this was because the substrate concentration was insufficient for fully recovering the AnAOB activities. Microbial analysis indicated that Nitrosomonas, Nitrospira and Candidatus Brocadia were the main ammonium oxidation bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB) and anammox bacteria (AnAOB), respectively. In addition, at IC ratios of 1.25 or higher, denitrification was promoted with the rise of IC/N ratio, which might be because the change of IC concentrations caused cell lysis of microorganisms and provided organic matter for denitrification.
Synthesis of cross-linking chitosan-PVA composite hydrogel and adsorption of Cu(II) ions
Authors: Song Qingping , Gao Jiangang , Lin Ying , Zhang Ze , Xiang Yixin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A cross-linked chitosan-PVA spherical hydrogel (CSH) was synthesized and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The physical and chemical properties of CSH, such as acid resistance and swelling, were determined. Finally, Cu(II) ion removal by the CSH was investigated, and the effects of experimental parameters, including pH, adsorption time, and regeneration performance were examined. Results revealed that CSH has outstanding stability in strong acid solution, thus extending the useful pH range as an adsorbent material. The maximum capacity of CSH for Cu(II) was obtained to be 62.1 mg/g at 25 °C for 24 h. The adsorption process was best described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while isotherm modeling revealed that the Langmuir equation better described the adsorption of Cu(II) on CSH. Moreover, the loaded CSH can be easily regenerated by the HCl-washing method and reused repeatedly for Cu(II) adsorption for up to five cycles.
The Ability of Blood Plasma to Inhibit Catalase in the Presence of Chloride is a Highly Sensitive Indicator of Deposited Nitric Oxide and Leukocyte Activation
Authors: Titov Vladimir , Osipov Anatoly , Vanin Anatoly 
Published: April 2020

Aims:
To find out the origin of so-called nitrite - like substance (NLS) that appears in the
blood plasma in patients with inflammatory diseases and the mechanism of its occurrence. To justify
the possibility of registering its appearance in the blood as a highly sensitive indicator of leukocyte
activation.

Background:
The need for a simple, sensitive and specific method of early diagnosis of inflammation,
the key stage of which is the activation of white blood cells.

Objective:
To find out the origin of so-called nitrite - like substance (NLS) that appears in the blood
plasma in patients with inflammatory diseases before the onset of clinical signs. This substance is
able to inhibit catalase in the presence of chloride which is typical for nitrite and nitrosoamines.

Methods:
The catalase activity was determined by the calorimetric method based on the control of
the kinetics of heat production accompanying hydrogen peroxide decomposition.

Results:
Blood plasma contains deposited nitric oxide included in various nitrosyl iron complexes.
These complexes effectively interact with the superoxide produced by activated leukocytes. This interaction
produces a number of substances that have the ability to inhibit catalase in the presence of
chloride. These substances retain the ability to inhibit in the system: hemoglobin-iron chelator, or
hemoglobin-mercury salt. Such properties are characteristic of nitrite and nitrosoamines. Normally,
these substances are present in plasma in trace amounts. 700 activated cells per microliter (10 times
less than normal in human blood) are enough to transform about 30% nitrosyl iron complexes contained
in plasma into NLS.

Conclusion:
The appearance of NLS is a very sensitive indicator of leukocyte activation.
Показатели физического развития детей с целиакией
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Popelyuk N.O. , Kolesnik D.I. , Sokolnyk І.S. 
Published: April 2020

Актуальность. Учитывая клинический полиморфизм целиакии, заболевание нередко в течение нескольких лет остается недиагностированным, что приводит к развитию серьезных изменений нутритивного статуса и задержки роста. Цель исследования: оценить физическое развитие детей и подростков на основании комплексного анализа антропометрических показателей в периоде клинической манифестации целиакии. Материалы и методы. Проанализированы результаты обследования 59 детей и подростков в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 18 лет с верифицированным диагнозом «целиакия». Антропометрические измерения проводились утром по общепринятым методикам. Данные антропометрических измерений детей оценивались по региональным стандартам. Рассчитывалось отклонение показателя длины тела относительно возраста (SDS длины тела), массы тела относительно длины тела (SDS массы тела). Статистическая обработка включала подсчет среднего арифметического значения каждого из показателей (М), среднего квад­ратичного отклонения (s), средней ошибки среднеарифметической (m), достоверности различий средних величин по t-критерию Стьюдента (р < 0,05). Результаты. Показатели физического развития детей с целиакией существенно отличались в зависимости от возраста верификации диагноза и продолжительности латентного периода заболевания. В структуре клинических проявлений у больных в остром периоде целиакии на первом месте находится задержка физического развития — 84,7 % человек. При этом в 76,3 % детей зарегистрирован дефицит массы тела: I степени — у 71,1%, II степени — у 22,2% и III степени — у 6,7 % случаев. Задержка роста установлена у 52,35 % детей: соматогенный нанизм обнаружен у 10,1 % больных, а низкорослость — у 42,3 % детей. Оценка стадии атрофии в соответствии с классификацией Marsh-Oberhuber показала, что у детей с более выраженной формой дефицита массы тела диагностирован тип Marsh 3C, тогда как при незначительном отставании показателей массы тела диагностированы типы Marsh 3A и Marsh 3В. Выводы. Антропометрические показатели пациентов с целиакией находятся в обратной зависимости от длительности латентного периода и возраста диагностики заболевания. У детей раннего возраста дефицит массы тела преобладает над задержкой роста, тогда как у старших детей отмечается замедление темпов роста с формированием низкорослости и соматогенного нанизма.
Уровень цинка и особенности течения атопического дерматита у детей
Authors: Sorokman T.V. , Popely N.O. 
Published: April 2020

Актуальность. В поисках основных патогенетических механизмов атопического дерматита (АД) и улучшения вариантов профилактики и лечения все больше внимания уделяется обеспечению организма ребенка микроэлементами. Особая роль принадлежит цинку, который является одним из самых многофункциональных микроэлементов. Цель: изучить особенности клинического течения АД у детей в зависимости от содержания цинка в сыворотке крови. Материалы и методы. В работе представлены материалы клинического наблюдения, клинико-лабораторного и инструментального обследования 168 детей в возрасте от 7 до 18 лет с АД. Контрольную группу составили 60 практически здоровых детей. Содержание цинка в сыворотке крови определяли методом атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии на спектрофотометре С-115-М1, согласно инструкциям, прилагаемым к прибору. Результаты. Более половины детей (55,6 %) имели очень низкий уровень цинка — 0,35 ± 0,11 мг/л, еще 22,2 % — крайне низкий (0,12 ± 0,02 мг/л). Отмечен ряд особенностей клинического течения АД: более частые эпизоды острых респираторных вирусных инфекций, преобладание среднетяжелого и тяжелого течения с периорбитальным, периоральным, перианальным дерматитом, дистрофическими изменениями и гиперкератозом ногтей, повышенной ломкостью волос, выраженной сухостью кожи (2,31 ± 0,73 балла против 1,92 ± 0,69 балла; p < 0,01). Выявлены обратные корреляционные связи между концентрацией цинка в сыворотке крови и сухостью кожных покровов (р = 0,001; r = –0,67; t = –2,99), значением индекса SСORAD (р = 0,01; r = –0,49; t = –2,34) и длительностью течения АД (р = 0,001; r = –0,46; t = –2,13). Установлены достоверно более низкие показатели роста (p < 0,05), особенно у детей с очень низким содержанием цинка (0,12 ± 0,02 мг/л). Выводы. У детей с атопическим дерматитом содержание цинка в плазме крови достоверно ниже, чем у здоровых детей. У детей с пониженным содержанием цинка в организме отмечен ряд особенностей клинического течения атопического дерматита (более тяжелое и затяжное течение с периорбитальной и перианальной локализацией, частые респираторные инфекции, выраженные дистрофические изменения придатков кожи, задержка роста).
Экспресс-метод для определения вероятности развития врожденной пневмонии у доношенных новорожденных
Authors: Harachka A.N. , Sukalo A.V. 
Published: April 2020

По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, в 2017 году во всем мире от пневмонии умерло 15 % детей в возрасте младше пяти лет. Цель исследования: разработка математической модели для определения вероятности развития врожденной пневмонии у доношенных новорожденных экспресс-методом. Проведено комплексное обследование 116 доношенных новорожденных, находившихся в педиатрическом отделении для новорожденных детей и родильном физиологическом отделении Государственного учреждения «Республиканский научно-практический центр «Мать и дитя» в период с 2017 по 2019 год. Произведен сравнительный анализ 174 данных анамнеза жизни, исходов предыдущих беременностей, осложнений настоящей беременности у матерей, клинических и рутинных лабораторных методов исследования у новорожденных на 1–2-е сутки жизни. В последующем определены наиболее значимые факторы, ассоциированные с развитием врожденной пневмонии у доношенных новорожденных. На основании бинарной логистической регрессии и ROC-анализа проведен математический анализ 387,4 млн связей переменных. В результате проведенного обследования установлены наиболее значимые факторы, ассоциированные с развитием врожденной пневмонии у доношенных новорожденных: из акушерско-гинекологического и соматического анамнеза жизни матери — самопроизвольный выкидыш; из осложнений беременности — хроническая внутриматочная гипоксия плода и хроническая фетоплацентарная недостаточность; по результатам клинических проявлений в первые сутки жизни — наличие дыхательной недостаточности. На основании полученных данных разработана модель с чувствительностью, равной 90,6 %, специфичностью — 92,1 % и площадью под ROC-кривой — AUC = 0,93 ± 0,054; р < 0,001 (95% доверительный интервал 0,88–0,98). С помощью прогностической модели рассчитаны пороговые значения: для самопроизвольного ± выкидыша — 0,836; хронической внутриматочной гипоксии плода — 0,537; хронической фетоплацентарной недостаточности — 0,533; наличия дыхательной недостаточности — 0,939, что при пороговых значениях ≥ 0,53 ROC-кривой позволяет выделить группу высокого риска по развитию врожденной пневмонии среди доношенных новорожденных. С действующей математической моделью для определения вероятности развития врожденной пневмонии у доношенных новорожденных экспресс-методом можно ознакомиться на сайте http://pneu.bsmu.by или https://www.bsmu.by (внизу страницы меню «Врач/провизор: диагностика врожденной пневмонии»).