bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering America
Authors: Haw Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
John Roebling was one of the nineteenth century’s most brilliant engineers, ingenious inventors, successful manufacturers, and fascinating personalities. Raised in a German backwater amid the war-torn chaos of the Napoleonic Wars, he immigrated to the United States in 1831, where he became wealthy and acclaimed, eventually receiving a carte-blanche contract to build one of the nineteenth century’s most stupendous and daring works of engineering: a gigantic suspension bridge to span the East River between New York and Brooklyn. In between, he thought, wrote, and worked tirelessly. He dug canals and surveyed railroads; he planned communities and founded new industries. Horace Greeley called him “a model immigrant”; generations later, F. Scott Fitzgerald worked on a script for the movie version of his life. Like his finest creations, Roebling was held together by a delicate balance of countervailing forces. On the surface, his life was exemplary and his accomplishments legion. As an immigrant and employer, he was respected throughout the world. As an engineer, his works profoundly altered the physical landscape of America. He was a voracious reader, a fervent abolitionist, and an engaged social commentator. His understanding of the natural world, however, bordered on the occult, and his opinions about medicine are best described as medieval. For a man of science and great self-certainty, he was also remarkably quick to seize on a whole host of fads and foolish trends. Yet Roebling spun these strands together. Throughout his life, he believed in the moral application of science and technology, that bridges—along with other great works of connection, the Atlantic cable, the Transcontinental Railroad—could help bring people together, erase divisions, and heal wounds. Like Walt Whitman, Roebling was deeply committed to the creation of a more perfect union, forged from the raw materials of the continent. John Roebling was a complex, deeply divided, yet undoubtedly influential figure, and his biography illuminates not only his works but also the world of nineteenth-century America. Roebling’s engineering feats are well known, but the man himself is not; for alongside the drama of large-scale construction lies an equally rich drama of intellectual and social development and crisis, one that mirrored and reflected the great forces, trials, and failures of the American nineteenth century.
Establishing Saxonburg (1832–37)
Authors: Haw Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Over the following seven years, John planned the village of Saxonburg. Harried by his fear of debt and his abject failure as a farmer, John eventually decided against a communal settlement and for a massive sell-off. He sorted and surveyed and had much of the land parceled up and ready for sale soon after. Life in Saxonburg was difficult. Still, almost everyone made a go of it, except John. Despite all his assertions to the contrary, Saxonburg was a poor farming area, and John had no real knowledge or experience of agriculture, and he tried all sorts of bizarre schemes to avoid it—raising canaries, building a dye house—most of which he knew even less about. Displaying the strange, somewhat laughable side of his personality, John was quick to seize on a variety of fads and foolish ideas.
Unfinished Business (1863–69)
Authors: Haw Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
returned to Cincinnati in 1863 to find his two solitary bridge towers ready to receive the complex system of suspension cables, supporting beams, cable stays, and trusses he had designed. The work of completing the bridge took a further year and half, during which his wife Johanna passed away, a fact that led John to dabble for almost a year in séances. Fortunately, John’s triumph over the Ohio came just as New York was clamoring for someone to bridge the East River. It didn’t take long for the board of trustees to offer John a contract. Over the next two years, John worked feverishly at his drawing board. Unfortunately, the task would prove harder than even the most ardent sceptic had imagined, and John himself would not live to see it done. On June 28, 1869, John’s right foot was crushed by a ferry as he surveyed the Brooklyn waterfront, and he contracted lockjaw. He died in agony several weeks later.
How I Feel
Authors: Cassidy Parker Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on adolescent feelings, including two large concepts: (1)musical perseverance and vulnerability, and (2) musical agency. Adolescents share their feelings about making music—how they use music to strengthen the self, persevere through difficulty, experience joy, and connect with others. Building blocks to musical agency are identified as perseverance and vulnerability. The chapter then looks closely at musical agency, specifically self-regulation, self-transformation, and connecting to self and world. The end of the chapter introduces holistic teaching with an aim to foster balance, inclusion, and connection. Educators are encouraged to work with adolescents on growing a sense of purpose.
Growing Social Identity
Authors: Cassidy Parker Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 investigates how adolescents reflect the groups in which they participate and how individuals use group characteristics to create and refine self-identity. In this chapter adolescents tell of their musical ingroup and outgroup experiences. Their experiences are then interpreted using a “group in the individual” or social identity perspective, The chapter also focuses on how adolescents use social categorization, social comparison, social mobility, social change, and social creativity to build themselves. At the end of the chapter, there is a discussion of the structural challenges that emerged with adolescent participants in their discussions of social identity. The reader is encouraged to complete a self-reflection and community values exercise.
Middle Eastern Entanglements
Authors: Markey Daniel S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses the intersection of Chinese, Iranian, Saudi (and to a lesser extent, American and Russian) interests in the Middle East. It introduces a brief history of China’s links with the Middle East and explains how Beijing’s regional role has, until recently, tended to be relatively limited. But China’s ties to the region have grown significantly, especially in terms of energy trade and investment. The chapter explores how Iranians perceive economic and strategic value in China as a means to sustain the ruling regime, resist pressure from the United States, and compete with Saudi Arabia. It explores Saudi-China ties as well, finding that the monarchy sees China as essential to its strategy for economic development. The chapter concludes that both Tehran and Riyadh will continue to court Beijing and that the Middle East is primed for greater Chinese involvement, less reform, and more geopolitical competition.
Cities on the Front Lines
Authors: Fitzgerald Joan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter first sets out the book’s purpose, which is to take readers on a tour of greenovating cities in North America and Europe, exploring their strategies and successes, along with the opportunities and obstacles they have encountered along the way. In general, European cities have lower per capita greenhouse gas emissions than US cities due to their higher density, more diverse transit options, historically high gasoline prices, and long-standing climate policy at the European Union, national, and municipal levels. A broad literature has emerged on urban climate change and sustainability planning, much of it focusing on what constitutes successful practice. In contrast, this book focuses on the how elected officials, planners, and other stakeholders design and implement effective policy and programs. An overview of the subsequent chapters is also presented.
Dynamic Regulation of Internal Experience
Authors: Andrews-Hanna Jessica R. , Christoff Kalina , O’Connor Mary-Frances 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Psychotherapy holds great promise for bringing about therapeutic change, yet a major challenge lies in translating short-term change into change that endures over extended time scales. This chapter tackles the “how-tos” of therapeutic change through the lens of an emerging field of research on internally guided experience, encapsulating thoughts and feelings. The authors first synthesize basic science and clinical research on functional and dysfunctional internal thought, highlighting the importance of alterations in content, processes and corresponding patterns of functional activity and connectivity of the brain’s default network. Next, they introduce a neurocognitive model highlighting spontaneous processes, deliberate processes, and automatic affective processes that promote and inhibit the dynamics of thought. They apply this dynamic framework to understanding mechanisms of change associated with common psychotherapies and review preliminary effects of therapy on brain activity and connectivity within and between large-scale brain networks. Throughout the chapter, the authors note many points of convergence with the integrated memory model, which inspired the edited volume to which this chapter belongs.
A Computational Neuroscience Perspective on the Change Process in Psychotherapy
Authors: Smith Ryan , Lane Richard D. , Nadel Lynn , Moutoussis Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The application of computational neuroscience models to mental disorders has given rise to the emerging field of computational psychiatry. To date, however, there has been limited application of this approach to understanding the change process in psychotherapy. This chapter reviews leading approaches in computational neuroscience: predictive coding, active inference, and reinforcement learning. We then provide examples of how these complimentary approaches can be used to model a range of clinical phenomena and associated clinical interventions, including those associated with emotional awareness, specific phobia, maladaptive self-related beliefs, maladaptive repetitive behavior patterns, and the role of re-experiencing negative affect in the therapeutic process. The authors illustrate how this perspective can provide additional insights into the nature of the types of memories (cast as parameters in computational models) that maintain psychopathology, how they may be instantiated in the brain, and how new experiences in psychotherapy can alter/update these memories in a manner that can be quantitatively modeled. The authors conclude that the computational perspective represents a unique level of description that compliments that of the integrated memory model in a synergistic and informative manner.
Moral Talk Is Not Magic
Authors: Tosi Justin , Warmke Brandon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Moral talk is our primary means of bringing morality to bear on practical problems. It is an incredibly valuable tool for making the world a better place. Moral talk can be used well, but it can also be abused. Instead of using moral talk for morally worthy aims, many use it to humiliate, intimidate, and threaten people they dislike, impress their friends, feel better about themselves, and make people less suspicious of their own misconduct. This chapter introduces one common way of abusing moral talk: moral grandstanding, the use of moral talk for self-promotion.
Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop
Authors: Drutman Lee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This book argues that the United States now has, for the first time in American history, a genuine two-party system, with two fully-sorted, truly national parties, divided over the character of the nation. And it is a disaster. It is a party system fundamentally at odds with our anti-majoritarian, compromise-oriented governing institutions. It threatens the very foundations of fairness and shared values on which democracy in the United States depends. The book tells the story of how American politics became so toxic and why the country is now trapped in a doom loop of escalating two-party warfare from which there is only one escape: increase the number of parties through electoral reform. As it shows, American politics was once stable because the two parties held within them multiple factions, which made it possible to assemble flexible majorities and kept the climate of political combat from overheating. But as conservative Southern Democrats and liberal Northeastern Republicans disappeared, partisan conflict flattened and pulled apart. Once the parties became fully nationalized—a long-germinating process that culminated in 2010—toxic partisanship took over completely. With the two parties divided over competing visions of national identity, Democrats and Republicans no longer see each other as opponents, but as enemies. And the more the conflict escalates, the shakier America’s democracy feels.
Introduction
Authors: Cooley Alexander , Nexon Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Analysts have pronounced the end of American leadership since at least the 1970s. In the 1980s, some confidently proclaimed that the United States was in decline and Japan was on the rise. But in 1989, Moscow allowed its satellite regimes in Eastern Europe to collapse; in 1991 the Soviet Union fell apart under the pressure of nationalist movements. The resulting American “unipolar moment” was marked by three critical factors: the lack of any great powers both willing and able to challenge US hegemony; the existence of a “patronage monopoly” centered around the United States and its liberal democratic allies; and the development of a transnational civil society composed of liberal nongovernment organizations, international institutions, and activist networks. However, great powers and regional players now challenge US power; Washington has lost its patronage monopoly; and illiberal transnational movements are on the offensive against a retreating liberal international civil society.
Exit from Below
Authors: Cooley Alexander , Nexon Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The rise of states interesting in altering international order, or with little interest in promoting domestic liberal institutions, broke the post–Cold War “patronage monopoly” enjoyed by the United States and its democratic allies. The emergence of new patrons—including not just Russia and China but also regional powers—allows recipients of international aid to push back against, and attempt to loosen, many of the kinds of conditions and principles demanded by democratic donors. In turn, the possibility of alternative patrons has assisted the rise of illiberal, populist leaders, including within the “core” of the American system. This chapter examines these dynamics regionally, including in Africa and Central America, and in specific countries such as Hungary, the Philippines, Venezuela, and Turkey.
Exit from Within
Authors: Cooley Alexander , Nexon Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Right-wing illiberal movements have enjoyed a run of political success. This manifests in Trump’s capture of the Republican Party and subsequent election; the number of illiberal, right-wing parties that hold or share power in Europe; and the largely right-wing coalition that successfully pushed for the UK to trigger withdrawal from the European Union—and thus sent one of the most stalwart, stable great-power supporters of liberal order and the American system into political chaos. This chapter explores how right-wing populism has emerged as a significant counter-order movement, and how the Kremlin has sought to position itself as a broker among wings of the transnational right. These movements also benefit from highly polarized societies, and piggyback on media environments that cultivate polarization. Because counter-order movements within the core are a major way that hegemonic systems collapse or international orders change, these developments matter to the fate of the American system.
Archetypes of Comedy
Authors: Costanzo William V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Who are the people we laugh at or with in movie comedies? What kinds of individuals are the most frequent targets or perpetrators of cinematic mirth? Chapter 3 focuses on three of the world’s most popular figures of fun—the clown, the trickster, and the comic duo—revealing through the movies how these comic archetypes cross national boundaries by adopting local customs and traditions. Among the world’s most famous cinematic clowns are Britain’s Charlie Chaplin, America’s Lucille Ball, France’s Fernandel, Italy’s Roberto Benigni, and China’s Jackie Chan. The modern-day mischief of trickster figures like Denmark’s Lars von Trier and Hong Kong’s Stephen Chow can be traced back to the pranks of the Old Norse god Loki, to the wily animal heroes of Africa’s oral tradition, and to Japan’s spiritual folklore. The odd-couple comedy of Laurel and Hardy has its counterparts in Argentina’s Olmedo and Porcel and Taiwan’s Brother Wang and Brother Liu.
Technique and Style
Authors: Costanzo William V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 delves into the practical side of comedy. It sifts through the many how-to books for comedy writers and performers as well as the advice of comedy practitioners for insights into the art and craft of making people laugh. Comedy is viewed here as a literary device, a social barometer, a clue to psychological understanding, a career, and a big business. The chapter begins by analyzing a scene from Waking Ned Divine to raise questions about cinematic jokes and concludes with a recent Belgium comedy, demonstrating how many of the academic descriptions and professional prescriptions can be applied to an actual film.
French Film Comedy
Authors: Costanzo William V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Why do the French love Jerry Lewis? The question implies a seeming contradiction between the Gallic reputation for high-toned, intellectual wit and the slapstick high jinx of Jacques Tati. This chapter examines the French taste for witty repartee (Ridicule, The Dinner Game), broad farce (René Clair, Jean Renoir), talky romances (Marcel Pagnol, Eric Rohmer), and social satire (Mr. Hulot’s Holiday, La cage aux folles). It also asks why one French hit (The Intouchables) can cross national borders successfully while another (The Visitors) does not, concluding with a comparative analysis of The Dinner Game (Le Dîner de cons) and its Hollywood remake, Dinner for Schmucks.
Italian Film Comedy
Authors: Costanzo William V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
From Dante’s Divine Comedy to the more human forms of commedia all’italiana, the varieties of humor in Italian movies follow the fortunes and misfortunes of the Italian people. This chapter considers why so much Italian comedy, like Italian food, appeals to global audiences with its consistent focus on marriage, sexual politics, and the little guy trying to get by with a touch of larceny. It also explores Italy’s preoccupation with its unique regional stereotypes and the darker regions of the human comedy. Throughout their long history, and especially on the screen, Italians have always been ready to laugh at their own flaws and root for the trickster.
Film Comedy in South America
Authors: Costanzo William V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
From Brazil’s Hello, Hello, Carnival! to Argentina’s Wild Tales, films from south of the US border have both adapted and defied Hollywood conventions for performing memorable comedy. Along the way, they have explored the region’s varied landscape and inhabitants through comic road movies (The Voyage, Rolling Family), satirical experiments in social consciousness (How Tasty Was My Little Frenchman, Stadium Coup), scheme-and-swindler flicks (Nine Queens, A Cab for Three), ironic commentaries on aging (The Last Train, Whisky), and sexy spoofs (Captain Pantoja and the Special Services, Destiny Has No Favorites), adding their own brand to the global stock of movie comedy.
A New ‘Wild West’ of Projection
Authors: Pigott Michael , Wallace Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter will examine some of the possibilities that digital projection technologies have opened up with regard to the spaces of cinema exhibition. The authors argue that the process of projecting moving images—whether from a film print, a digital file, or another medium—has been significantly altered in the digital age due to the portability and affordability of digital projectors, which have permitted the widespread exhibition of projected moving images beyond the cinema auditorium. By outlining a tentative topography of three trends in digital cinema exhibition—‘forest cinema’, Bring Your Own Beamer events, and VJing—they argue that the current moment of digital cinema exhibition has much in common with the earliest years of cinema exhibition in the period before institutionalization. In this respect the current moment of variety in digital cinema exhibition offers a return to cinema’s ‘Wild West’.
Film Projection and the Sacred Geography of Site-Specific Cinema in Contemporary Thailand
Authors: MacDonald Richard L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter is about outdoor projectionists in Thailand and draws on in-depth interviews with four individuals running outdoor projection businesses and fieldwork observations of their work and that of others at different locations around the country: in the northeastern provinces of Khon Kaen and Udonthani, the central province of Samut Prakhan, and the suburbs of Bangkok. The chapter examines a widespread form of projection practice that is not embedded within institutions of commercial entertainment, but which thrives within a ritual economy of transactions between humans and a complex cosmology of supernatural personages. The chapter contributes to an expanded historiography of film projection and presentation that would include a wider range of locations and a more complex understanding of the diversity of projection and display technologies and practice. In particular it takes up Brian Larkin’s invitation to ‘take the religious field seriously as a determinant of the evolution of what cinema does’.
Silence
Authors: Bohlman Andrea F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter offers a history of martial law (1981–84) in Poland to argue that music was a mode of civil resilience as well as a crucial means of conveying information and writing histories from below. The declaration of martial law brought about economic hardship and the curtailment of civil liberties, but also stimulated music making in three zones: public streets, church sanctuaries and private homes, and internment camps/prisons. This chapter revisits oral histories and diaries from the time to rehear the interplay between singing and military sounds during protests against the declaration. Experimental scores, concert programs, and observational songs played in domestic salons complicate the assumption that martial law effected a cultural hold—a metaphorical silence. The material culture of music in detention reveals that song—religious hymns, ballads, and legion songs—provided internees and prisoners the opportunity to reclaim authorship over their own histories.