bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CLpro) structure: virtual screening reveals velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing candidates
Authors: Chen Yu Wai , Yiu Chin-Pang Bennu , Wong Kwok-Yin 
Published: April 2020

We prepared the three-dimensional model of the SARS-CoV-2 (aka 2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CLpro) using the crystal structure of the highly similar (96% identity) ortholog from the SARS-CoV. All residues involved in the catalysis, substrate binding and dimerisation are 100% conserved. Comparison of the polyprotein PP1AB sequences showed 86% identity. The 3C-like cleavage sites on the coronaviral polyproteins are highly conserved. Based on the near-identical substrate specificities and high sequence identities, we are of the opinion that some of the previous progress of specific inhibitors development for the SARS-CoV enzyme can be conferred on its SARS-CoV-2 counterpart. With the 3CLpro molecular model, we performed virtual screening for purchasable drugs and proposed 16 candidates for consideration. Among these, the antivirals ledipasvir or velpatasvir are particularly attractive as therapeutics to combat the new coronavirus with minimal side effects, commonly fatigue and headache. The drugs Epclusa (velpatasvir/sofosbuvir) and Harvoni (ledipasvir/sofosbuvir) could be very effective owing to their dual inhibitory actions on two viral enzymes.
Effect of public-private interface agency in Patna and Mumbai, India: Does it alter durations and delays in care seeking for drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis?
Authors: Shah Sanchi , Shah Shimoni , Rangan Sheela , Rai Sonukumar , Lobo Eunice , Kamble Swaran , Dholakia Yatin , Mistry Nerges 
Published: April 2020

Background: Public–private interface agency (PPIA) intervention models in Patna (E. India) and Mumbai (W. India) for pulmonary drug-sensitive (DS) tuberculosis (TB) patients were evaluated over 2 years after maturity to examine effect on reduction of patient pathways and retention. The models engaged private providers, diagnostic facilities and pharmacies into an effective network providing free diagnostic tests and treatment. Methods: A population-based retrospective study was undertaken to assess effectiveness of the PPIA model in care pathways of 64 (Patna) and 86 (Mumbai) patients through in-depth interviews conducted within 6 months of initiation treatments to identify types and facilities accessed, duration to diagnosis and treatment. Median durations based on facilities accessed were statistically analysed. Comparisons were made with baseline values and endline pathways of patients accessing PPIA engaged/non-engaged facilities in private and public sectors. Results: Compared to non-engaged facilities, persons accessing engaged facilities at first point-of-care had shorter pathways (Mumbai: 32 vs 43 days), (Patna: 15 vs 40 days). Duration for first care-seeking was considerably shorter for patients accessing PPIA in Patna and for both engaged and non-engaged private facilities in Mumbai (4 days). Whilst PPIA engaged facilities diagnosed more cases than others, the RNTCP in Mumbai provided diagnosis early. There was good retention of patients by PPIA-engaged (1st) facilities (90% post-diagnosis in Patna) but this was affected by the hub-spoke referral system in Mumbai (13%). Second diagnosis is a common feature in Mumbai. The spoke-hub model in Mumbai contributed considerably to treatment delay; PPIA-engaged providers were better at retaining patients post treatment initiation 11/25 (44%). Conclusion: PPIA-engaged facilities, accessed at onset, result in marked reduction in pathway durations. Such initiatives should engage a critical mass of competent providers, proximal investigation facilities with enhanced disease awareness and literacy efforts amongst communities. Patient movement should be minimized for early treatment and retention.
High concentration factor diffractive microlenses integrated with CMOS single-photon avalanche diode detector arrays for fill-factor improvement
Authors: Connolly Peter W. R. , Ren Ximing , McCarthy Aongus , Mai Hanning , Villa Federica , Waddie Andrew J. , Taghizadeh Mohammad R. , Tosi Alberto , Zappa Franco , Henderson Robert K. , Buller Gerald S. 
Published: April 2020

Large-format single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays often suffer from low fill-factors—the ratio of the active area to the overall pixel area. The detection efficiency of these detector arrays can be vastly increased with the integration of microlens arrays designed to concentrate incident light onto the active areas and may be refractive or diffractive in nature. The ability of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) to efficiently cover a square or rectangular pixel, combined with their capability of working as fast lenses (i.e.,

∼

f

/

3

) makes them versatile and practical lens designs for use in sparse photon applications using microscale, large-format detector arrays. Binary-mask-based photolithography was employed to fabricate fast diffractive microlenses for two designs of

32
×
32

SPAD detector arrays, each design having a different pixel pitch and fill-factor. A spectral characterization of the lenses is performed, as well as analysis of performance under different illumination conditions from wide- to narrow-angle illumination (i.e.,

f

/

2

to

f

/

22

optics). The performance of the microlenses presented exceeds previous designs in terms of both concentration factor (i.e., increase in light collection capability) and lens speed. Concentration factors greater than

33
×

are achieved for focal lengths in the substrate material as short as

190

µ

m

, representing a microlens f-number of 3.8 and providing a focal spot diameter of

<

4

µ

m

. These results were achieved while retaining an extremely high degree of performance uniformity across the 1024 devices in each case, which demonstrates the significant benefits to be gained by the implementation of DOEs as part of an integrated detector system using SPAD arrays with very small active areas.
Surface roughness mapping of large area curved aerospace components
through spectral correlation of speckle images
Authors: Haridas Aswin , Prabhathan P. , Pulkit K. , Chan Kelvin , Murukeshan V. M. 
Published: April 2020

Measurement of surface roughness over a large area is a very
challenging task due to the limitations with the existing techniques.
Surface roughness measurement techniques including stylus and
microscopy are limited by point-by-point data acquisition and a
small field of view (FOV). In effect, any solution that would subdue
these limitations would be characterized by its full-field nature,
large FOV, and the ability to acquire and process data at high speeds.
To meet these requirements, large area speckle imaging has been used
to obtain areal surface roughness parameters through the processing of
spectrally correlated speckle images. An automated optical system is
developed for surface roughness evaluation of components with large
and curved surface areas. In order to extract areal surface roughness
parameters from the captured set of images, processing algorithms are
developed. The methodology is first validated using a comparator plate
containing areas having an average surface roughness (Ra) ranging between 0.2 µm and 0.6 µm. Further,
statistical significance tests are conducted to determine the main
factors affecting system performance. The measurement results are
compared and validated using a 3D optical microscope. The results
obtained from the blind tests performed on aerospace component
surfaces as large as

450

mm
×

210

mm

are also presented.
Revolutionary Egypt in the Eyes of the Muslim Brotherhood: A Framing Analysis of Ikhwanweb, Mohammed el-Nawawy and Mohamad Hamas Elmasry (2018)
Authors: Al-Zo’by Mazhar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Revolutionary Egypt in the Eyes of the Muslim Brotherhood: A Framing Analysis of Ikhwanweb, Mohammed el-Nawawy and Mohamad Hamas Elmasry (2018)
Lanham, Boulder, New York and London: Rowman & Littlefield, 177 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-53810-072-1, h/bk, $75.00
In kleinen Schritten zu mehr Wettbewerb auf dem Krankenkassenmarkt
Authors: Greer Katja , Wambach Achim 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Am 13. März 2020 billigte der Bundesrat das vom Kabinett zuvor beschlossene Gesetz zur zielgenaueren Ausgestaltung des Wettbewerbs im gesetzlichen Krankenversicherungsmarkt. Katja Greer und Achim Wambach erörtern die Bausteine des „Gesetzes für einen fairen Kassenwettbewerb“. Dabei gehen sie der Frage nach, inwiefern die geplanten Maßnahmen zu einem wirksamen Wettbewerb im Krankenkassenmarkt beitragen. Es wird deutlich, dass die angestrebten Änderungen den Wettbewerb zum Teil stärken könnten. Für eine umfassende Grundlage eines wirksamen Wettbewerbs in der GKV bedarf es jedoch weiterer Reformen.
VALIDAÇÃO DE PROTOCOLO ELETRÔNICO MULTIPROFISSIONAL PARA CIRURGIA DO APARELHO DIGESTIVO
Authors: Malafaia Osvaldo , KALIL-FILHO Faruk Abrão , PINTO José Simão P , BORSATO Emerson P , KURETSKY Carlos , Ariede Bruno 
Published: April 2020

Racional: A criação de um banco de dados clínicos informatizado com a capacidade de coletar informações dos pacientes de forma prospectiva e com possibilidade de resgate e cruzamento viabiliza estudos científicos de maior qualidade e credibilidade em menor tempo. Objetivos: Validar em único protocolo mestre os dados clínicos referentes à Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo de forma multiprofissional incorporando-o na plataforma SINPEâ, e verificar a incidência das doenças digestivas com base nas coletas prospectivamente realizadas. Método: Organizar no software em estrutura padronizada todos os itens pré-existentes no banco de dados do SINPEâ, informatizou-se a base teórica através do módulo MIGRASINPE© criando-se um único protocolo mestre multiprofissional para uso como um todo. Resultados: Foram criados e/ou adaptados os protocolos específicos existentes - que correspondem às doenças mais prevalentes que assolam este aparelho – unificando-os. Criou-se a possibilidade de uso multiprofissional integrando todos os dados coletados da Medicina, Enfermagem, Fisioterapia, Nutrição e Gestão em Saúde de maneira prospectiva. O total foi de 4.281 coletas assim distribuídas: vias biliares extra-hepáticas n=1.786; esôfago n=1015; anorretais n=736; cólon n=550; intestino delgado n=86; pâncreas n=71; estômago=23; fígado n=14. Conclusões: A validação da unificação e estruturação em único protocolo mestre dos dados clínicos referentes à Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo de forma multiprofissional e prospectiva foi possível e o estudo epidemiológico realizado permitiu identificar as doenças mais prevalentes nesse aparelho em um hospital universitário terciário.
The Impact of PTSD-Linked Strain Sensitivity on Violent Offending: Differences in Effects During Adolescence Versus Early Adulthood
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas W. 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesInvestigate the relevance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-linked strain sensitivity associated with exposure to violence for predicting violence outcomes among juvenile offenders during adolescence and early adulthood.MethodsThis study uses the Pathways to Desistance data and to test relevant relationships. Two series of negative binomial regression models were estimated to test hypotheses, one corresponding to each period of the life course.ResultsResults indicated that witnessed violence interacted with PTSD status in adolescence, indicating that individuals afflicted with PTSD demonstrated heightened sensitivity to this strain, manifested in increased violent offending.ConclusionsResults indicate that witnessed violence may act as a trigger during adolescence, resulting in juvenile offenders with PTSD responding with violence. This may have treatment implications for individuals suffering from PTSD.
Enhancement of Hydrothermally Co3O4 Thin Films as H2S Gas Sensor by Loading Yttrium Element
Authors: Et al. Hamdan 
Published: April 2020

The gas sensing properties of Co3O4 and Co3O4:Y nano structures were investigated. The films were synthesized using the hydrothermal method on a seeded layer. The XRD, SEM analysis and gas sensing properties were investigated for Co3O4 and Co3O4:Y thin films. XRD analysis shows that all films are polycrystalline in nature, having a cubic structure, and the crystallite size is (11.7)nm for cobalt oxide and (9.3)nm for the Co3O4:10%Y. The SEM analysis of thin films obviously indicates that Co3O4 possesses a nanosphere-like structure and a flower-like structure for Co3O4:Y.
The sensitivity, response time and recovery time to a H2S reducing gas were tested at different operating temperatures. The resistance changes with exposure to the test gas. The results reveal that the Co3O4:10%Y possesses the highest sensitivity around 80% at a 100oC operating temperature when exposed to the reducing gas H2S with 0.8sec for both recovery and response times.
Finding Common Ground in Indigenous Communities
Authors: Mendez Sixto R. , Wasserstrom Robert F. , Parnell Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2020

Published in Oil & Gas Executive, Volume 1, Number 1, 1998, pages 18-21,51-53.
On 4 March 1994, an unusual meeting took place at Arco Intl. Oil and Gas Co. headquarters in Plano, Texas. At the table were Louis Soileau IV, development manager of Arco Oriente (the company's joint venture with Agip in Ecuador); W. Ken Keag, Arco's resident manager in Ecuador; Leonardo Viteri, head of the Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Pastaza (OPIP) -affiliated Amazanga Inst.; Hector Villamil, OPIP president; and two representatives of Oxfam America (a community development and human rights advocacy group based in Boston, Massachusetts). Discussions included subjects as diverse as native land claims, health care, and the lack of adequate schools throughout Ecuador's Amazonian region, known as the "Oriente." By midnight, Arco and OPIP had agreed to begin a "serious and positive dialogue" about social and environmental questions arising from the company's proposed development of a major oil field at Villano in Block 10, located deep in the forests of Pastaza Province. Villano, with a population of about 300 families, is a cluster of seven or eight communities located near an old airstrip of the same name.
A final question raised by Viteri was why oil companies don't try to understand the social and natural environment for proposed projects "before they even buy the bidding packages." Arco officials agree that beginning such discussions as early as possible is the key to a successful venture. They recognize, however, that this can be difficult because, in many cases, bidding processes are managed closely by government oil companies and information is limited at best. They suggest that the CTA, with all of its imperfections, remains the best response to skeptics who warn that they are giving the Indians "too much voice" in their decision-making. These officials point out that such skeptics have offered no viable alternative, or at least no alternative that is acceptable to a major international company.
Oral Health Policy making Challenges in Iran: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Mohammadpour Mohammadtaghi , Bastani Peivand , Ghanbarzadegan Arash , Bahmaei Jamshid 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: As the strategies proposed for oral health improvement in developed countries do not adapt for the setting of the developing ones, this study aimed to identify the challenges of oral health policy implementation in Iran as a low-income developing country. Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted in 2019 in Iran as a middle-eastern developing country. The study population consisted of all the experts who had enough experience in the oral health and were willing to participate in the study. Snowball sampling was used to select 12 participants for semi-structured interviews and saturation was achieved after 16 interviews with them. Guba and Lincoln criteria including credibility, transferability, confirmability and dependability were used to determine the reliability and transparency, and finally five-step framework analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results: The analysis of the interviews resulted in identification of 7 main themes that are categorized in 5 problems of policy implementation proposed by Matus framework. The main themes of executive and preventive challenges to implement oral health policies are categorized as organizational problem, the main themes of educational and resource challenges are situated as the material problems, and the present main themes of insurance, policy making and trusteeship challenges are considered as the legal, policymaking and perspective. Conclusion: According to the present results, the implementation of oral health policies has faced some challenges. It seems that the national coverage of oral health and integration of these services in prevention and serious attention to the private sector can be considered as the most important strategies for achieving improved oral health in Iran.
Dental care for drug users in Norway: Dental professionals’ attitudes to treatment and experiences with interprofessional collaboration
Authors: Hovden Ewa , Ansteinsson Vibeke , Klepaker Ingrid Volden , Widström Eeva , Skudutyte-Rystad Rasa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to assess dental professionals’ attitudes and experiences related to the dental treatment of drug users and experiences with interprofessional collaboration with the rehabilitation institutions. Materials and methods: The study population comprised 141 dentists and dental hygienists (response rate 73%) working in the Public Dental Service (PDS) in three counties in Norway. All of the participants completed an electronically distributed questionnaire on existing practices and experiences regarding dental treatment for drug users and interprofessional collaboration with rehabilitation institutions (RIs). The Norwegian Centre for Research Data (NSD) approved the study. Results: The majority of dentists and dental hygienists in the present study used more time for examination and treatment of drug users compared to other patient groups. Over 70% of dental clinicians considered drug users as demanding patients due to fear, missing appointments, and poor compliance with oral hygiene advice. The overall perception was that drug users often had higher expectations of dental treatment than what could be defined as necessary care and provided by the PDS. One-third of dental professionals reported that they were satisfied with the collaboration they had with RIs . Most of the respondents agreed that personnel from rehabilitation institutions could positively influence interprofessional collaboration by having sufficient knowledge of drug users statutory rights to free of charge dental treatment, as well as by close follow-up and motivation of patients before dental treatment. Conclusions: Dental professionals perceived the management of drug users as demanding due to dental fear, difficulties in coping with appointments, poor compliance to preventive measures, and disagreement between dental treatment defined as necessary and drug users’ expectations. Organizational barriers regarding leadership, accessibility, and collaborative routines, as well as lack of interprofessional communication, suggest current models of health care delivery to drug users need reviewing.
Quitting the quitline: a qualitative study of patient experience of electronic referrals to quitlines
Authors: Albert Elizabeth , Rose Jeanmarie C , Gill India J , Flocke Susan A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The use of electronic referrals (eReferrals) to state quitlines (QLs) for tobacco-using patients is a promising approach for addressing smoking cessation on a large scale. However, QL contact, enrollment, and completion rates are low. The purpose of this study was to examine the eReferral to QL process from the patient’s perspective in order to inform strategies for improving QL engagement. Methods : We conducted interviews with 55 patients who agreed to an eReferral at a primary care visit to 1 of 8 safety-net community health centers in Cuyahoga County, Ohio (September 2017-August 2018). Interviews were designed to explore the experiences of three subgroups of patients who subsequently: 1) declined participation in the QL; 2) were unreachable by the QL; or 3) were enrolled in or had completed the QL program. Analysis was guided by a phenomenological approach designed to identify emergent themes. Results: Reasons for QL program non-completion included changing life circumstances and events making cessation unviable; misunderstandings about the QL; discomfort with telephonic counseling; perceived lack of time for counseling; cell phone barriers; and having already quit smoking. We found that some individuals who were no longer engaged with the QL still desired continued support from the QL. Conclusions: Participants intentionally and unintentionally disengage from the QL for a wide variety of reasons, several of which are mediated by low socioeconomic status. Integrating QL care with community-based resources that address these mediators could be a promising strategy.
HIV understanding, experiences and perceptions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Amazonian Peru: A qualitative study.
Authors: Tattsbridge Jasmine , Wiskin Connie , De Wildt Gilles , Llavall Anna Clavé , Ramal-Asayag César 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background HIV-related incidence and mortality is increasing across Peru, with highest mortality rates recorded in Amazonian Loreto. This epidemic is concentrated in men who have sex with men, a population with 14% HIV treatment adherence despite free national provision. This study investigates barriers and facilitators to following healthcare advice through experiences and perceptions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men and healthcare professionals in Loreto. Methods Twenty qualitative interviews with HIV-positive men who have sex with men and one focus group with HIV-specialist healthcare professionals were conducted in Loreto, January-February 2019. Thematic content analysis was used. Results A culture of isolation and discrimination was identified, propagated by poor public knowledge surrounding HIV transmission and treatment. Employment potential was hampered and 7/20 patients had suicidal thoughts post-diagnosis. Barriers to care included: shame, depression, travel cost/times, a preference for traditional plant-based medicine and side-effects of ART. Facilitators included: education, family and clinic support, disease acceptance and lifestyle changes. Conclusion More effective, focussed community education and workplace discrimination investigations are recommended.