bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent of resection and molecular pathologic subtype are potent prognostic factors of adult WHO grade II glioma
Authors: Choi Jinhyun , Kim Se Hoon , Ahn Sung Soo , Choi Hye Jin , Yoon Hong In , Cho Jae Ho , Roh Tae Hoon , Kang Seok-Gu , Chang Jong Hee , Suh Chang-Ok 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe evaluated prognostic factors of adult low-grade glioma (LGG) according to the new 2016 WHO classification. Records of 153 patients diagnosed with WHO grade II LGG between 2003 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the 2016 WHO classification, 80 patients (52.3%) had diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant; 45 (29.4%) had oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted (ODG); and 28 (18.3%) had diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype. Gross total resection (GTR) was performed in 71 patients (46.4%), subtotal resection in 31 (20.3%), partial resection in 43 (28.1%), and biopsy in 8 (5.2%). One hundred two patients (66.7%) received postoperative radiotherapy. The 5- and 10-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 72.7% and 51.5%, respectively, and the 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 82.5% and 63.5%, respectively. GTR and IDH-mutant and/or 1p/19q codeletion were favorable prognostic factors for PFS and OS. Patients with IDH-wildtype had significantly decreased OS. Among patients with ODG who underwent GTR, no recurrence was observed after radiotherapy. Patients who underwent non-GTR frequently experienced recurrence after radiotherapy (IDH-mutant: 47.6%, IDH-wildtype: 57.9%). In conclusion, molecular classification of LGG was of prognostic relevance, with IDH-wildtype patients having a particularly poor outcome, regardless of the treatment. Favorable results were observed in patients who underwent GTR.
Effects of Aqueous Solubility and Geochemistry on CO2 Injection for Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Lee Ji Ho , Cho Jinhyung , Lee Kun Sang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn shale gas reservoirs, CH4 and CO2 have finite aqueous solubilities at high-pressure conditions and their dissolutions in water affect the determination of the original gas in place and the CO2 sequestration. In addition, the dissolution of CO2 decreases the pH of connate water, and the geochemical reactions may thus occur in carbonate-rich shale reservoirs. The comprehensive simulations of this work quantify the effects of aqueous solubility and geochemistry on the performance CO2 huff-n-puff process in shale gas reservoir. Accounting for the aqueous solubility of CH4 increases the initial natural gas storage and natural gas production. The effect of the aqueous solubility of CO2 enables to sequester additional CO2 via solubility trapping. Considering the geochemical reactions, the application of the CO2 huff-n-puff process causes the dissolution of carbonate minerals and increases the porosity enhancing the gas flow and the gas recovery. Incorporation of geochemistry also predicts the less CO2 sequestration capacity. Therefore, this study recommends the consideration of aqueous solubility and geochemical reactions for the accurate prediction of gas recovery and CO2 sequestration in shale gas reservoirs during the CO2 huff-n-puff process.
Identifying defect-related quantum emitters in monolayer WSe2
Authors: Dang Jianchen , Sun Sibai , Xie Xin , Yu Yang , Peng Kai , Qian Chenjiang , Wu Shiyao , Song Feilong , Yang Jingnan , Xiao Shan , Yang Longlong , Wang Yunuan , Rafiq M. A. , Wang Can , Xu Xiulai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMonolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have recently attracted great interests because the quantum dots embedded in monolayer can serve as optically active single-photon emitters. Here, we provide an interpretation of the recombination mechanisms of these quantum emitters through polarization-resolved and magneto-optical spectroscopy at low temperature. Three types of defect-related quantum emitters in monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) are observed, with different exciton g-factors of 2.02, 9.36, and unobservable Zeeman shift, respectively. The various magnetic response of the spatially localized excitons strongly indicate that the radiative recombination stems from the different transitions between defect-induced energy levels, valance, and conduction bands. Furthermore, the different g-factors and zero-field splittings of the three types of emitters strongly show that quantum dots embedded in monolayer have various types of confining potentials for localized excitons, resulting in electron–hole exchange interaction with a range of values in the presence of anisotropy. Our work further sheds light on the recombination mechanisms of defect-related quantum emitters and paves a way toward understanding the role of defects in single-photon emitters in atomically thin semiconductors.
Durch attraktive Karrierewege Public Health in Deutschland nachhaltig
stärken – Kernforderungen an eine Public-Health-Strategie
für Deutschland im Bereich Human Resources
Authors: Hommes Franziska , Alpers Katharina , Reime Birgit , Rexroth Ute 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Bedarf an qualitativ gut ausgebildeten Public-Health-Fachkräften
nimmt angesichts einer gesteigerten Bedeutung von Gesundheitsförderung
und Prävention in Deutschland zu. Demgegenüber gestalten sich
viele Karrierewege im Bereich Public Health zu intransparent, was für
interessierte Nachwuchskräfte zusätzliche Hürden schafft
und zur bestehenden Lücke zwischen Bedarf und Angebot beiträgt.
Vor dem Hintergrund internationaler Rahmenwerke sowie der konkreten
Arbeitsmarktsituation in Deutschland diskutierte die AG 11 „Karrierewege
in Public Health“ des 3. Symposiums des Zukunftsforums Public Health
aktuelle Herausforderungen und formulierte erste
Lösungsansätze.
What Future for Hahnemann's Therapeutic System?
Authors: Hoover Todd A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article explores the historical growth patterns in homeopathy, recent shifts in perception, and a likely future of this type of medicine. Homeopathic medicine developed as a contradictory approach to health compared to the orthodox view of mainstream medicine. Over the past two centuries, this form of health care has maintained its heterodox position under continued attacks from the established order. Modern medicine is being pushed by materialism and the drive to generate profits by large pharmaceutical and health care corporations. Whilst homeopathy has also enjoyed economic growth in many markets around the world, rising popularity of this type of treatment has been shown to generate regulatory concerns on some fronts. Recent pressures from regulatory authorities have resulted in both setbacks and improved situations for homeopathic prescribers, varying by country where they are located. Despite widespread attacks in the press and from some governmental authorities, users of homeopathic therapies remain staunchly attached to this form of treatment. The future of homeopathy will likely continue to be as rocky as it has been for the past two centuries.
Outcomes in Schatzker Type 5 and Type 6 Tibial Plateau Fractures Treated with Ilizarov External Fixator: Follow-up in 30 Patients
Authors: Verma Anubhav , Venkateshaiah Sheshagiri , Gajapurada Siddalingamurthy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction Fractures of the proximal tibia, particularly those that extend into the knee joint, are serious injuries that frequently result in functional impairment. Complications include infection, compartment syndrome, stiffness, skin loss, and possible amputation. These can be minimized using the Ilizarov external fixator which allows early weight bearing, minimal soft tissue injury, and a multiaxial stable fixation.
Materials and Methods A total of 30 patients with open/closed Schatzker type 5 and 6 tibial plateau fractures were studied for outcome following surgery and implant removal using the modified Hohl and Luck criteria which include functional (extensor lag, valgus or varus instability, knee range of movement, walking distance and pain) and radiological parameters (valgus/varus deformity, depression of articular surface, and osteoarthritis).
Results In our study, out of 30 patients 53.3% patients had an excellent outcome functionally, whereas 23.3% had a good outcome, 13.3% fair, and 10% had a poor outcome. Radiologically, 46.6% had an excellent outcome, 40% had a good outcome, and 13.3% had a fair outcome. All the patients achieved union with a mean time of 23.9 weeks. Common complication was pin tract infection in 13.3% patients. In total, 60% of the patients could be mobilized immediately with the remaining mobilized within 1 to 4 weeks.
Conclusion Most patients had an excellent to good functional or radiological outcome once the implant was removed. Weight bearing could be started immediately in most cases with minimal complications encountered in few patients like pin tract infection, deep venous thrombosis, and osteomyelitis.
Continual evolution through coupled fast and slow feedbacks
Authors: Wortel Meike T. , Peters Han , Bonachela Juan A. , Stenseth Nils Chr. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Continual evolution refers to the unceasing evolution of at least one trait involving at least one organism. Van Valen’s Red Queen Hypothesis is a particular example that represents the unceasing evolution of organisms in response to each other. In spite of the intense research on the topic from macroevolutionary and microevolutionary perspectives, the conditions that guarantee continual evolution remain elusive. Here, we provide mathematical proof for conditions that lead to continual evolution, which essentially requires interaction between fast positive and slow negative feedbacks between environment, population, and evolving traits. Our general framework allows for a polymorphic population and mutations of large effect, properties typically found in microbial systems, and therefore our results help bridge theory and experimental results.
Japanese population dose from natural radiation
Authors: Omori Yasutaka , Hosoda Masahiro , Takahashi Fumiaki , Sanada Tetsuya , Hirao Shigekazu , Ono Koji , Furukawa Masahide 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The radiation doses from natural radiation sources in Japan are reviewed using the latest knowledge. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and the Nuclear Safety Research Association report the annual effective doses from cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, inhalation, and ingestion as natural sources. In this paper, the total annual effective dose from cosmic-ray exposure is evaluated as 0.29 mSv. The arithmetic mean of the annual effective dose from external exposure to terrestrial radiation is 0.33 mSv for the Japanese population using the data of nationwide surveys by the National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Previously in Japan, although three different groups have conducted nationwide indoor radon surveys using passive-type radon monitors, to date only the Japan Chemical Analysis Center (JCAC) has performed a nationwide radon survey using a unified method for radon measurements conducted indoor, outdoor, and in the workplace. Consequently, the JCAC results are used for the annual effective dose from radon and that for radon inhalation is estimated as 0.50 mSv using a current dose conversion factor. In this paper, UNSCEAR values are used for the mean indoor and outdoor thoron-progeny concentrations, and the annual effective dose from thoron is reported as 0.09 mSv. Thus, the annual effective dose from radon and thoron inhalation is 0.59 mSv. From a JCAC large-scale survey of foodstuffs, the committed effective dose from the main radionuclides in dietary intake is 0.99 mSv. Finally, the Japanese population dose from natural radiation is given as 2.2 mSv, which is similar to the reported global average of 2.4 mSv.
Shaping nonlinear optical response using nonlocal forward Brillouin interactions
Authors: Gertler Shai , Kharel Prashanta , Kittlaus Eric A , Otterstrom Nils T , Rakich Peter T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In most practical scenarios, optical susceptibilities can be treated as a local property of a medium. For example, in the context of nonlinear optics we can typically treat the Kerr and Raman response as local, such that optical fields at one location do not produce a nonlinear response at distinct locations in space. This is because the electronic and vibrational disturbances produced within the material are confined to a region that is smaller than an optical wavelength. By comparison, Brillouin interactions, mediated by traveling-wave acoustic phonons, can result in a highly nonlocal nonlinear response as the elastic waves generated in the process can occupy a region in space much larger than an optical wavelength. The unique properties of these interactions can be exploited to engineer new types of processes, where highly delocalized phonon modes serve as an engineerable channel that mediates scattering processes between light waves propagating in distinct optical waveguides. These types of nonlocal optomechanical responses have recently been demonstrated as the basis for information transduction, however the nontrivial dynamics of such systems has yet to be explored. In this work, we show that the third-order nonlinear process resulting from spatially extended Brillouin-active phonon modes involves mixing products from spatially separated, optically decoupled waveguides, yielding a nonlocal susceptibility. Building on these concepts, we illustrate how nontrivial multi-mode acoustic interference can produce a nonlocal susceptibility with a multi-pole frequency response, as the basis for new optical and microwave signal processing schemes within traveling wave systems.
Appreciating the growth of informal utilization of city space for sustainable urban development in Yogyakarta city
Authors: Bawole Paulus , Wiyatiningsih W. , Harefa Anugerah Septiaman , Rodriguesa Olinda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
At present many people live within the cities and more than 30% of all city dwellers live in slums or marginal areas. It is internationally recognized by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), which set as the first target of SDG 11 to ensure, by 2030, access to all to adequate, safe and affordable housing, to ensure access to basic services and to improve slums. Cities need large spaces and are the main source of wealth and the center of innovation, culture and politics. Obviously, they have become the most important arena of humanity. Today, in most cities in the world, forms of urbanism develop side by side in the same urban space. This situaton happens also in other cities in developing countries including Indonesia. This paper will discuss about the patterns of informal urban space utilization carried out by low-income communities. The method used is conducting field surveys and observing objects that have been determined directly in some cities. By discovering the pattern of informal use of urban space, it can be formulated as how low-income communities use the urban space to settle and business informally. Based on the formulation that has been made, a planning and design method is developed which can later be proposed as a sustainable development strategy for improving urban areas occupied by low income people.
Stakeholder involvement in developing strategic planning for heritage buildings in Kota Lama heritage site, Semarang
Authors: Bramiana Chely N. , Darmawan Edy , Hasan Muhammad Ismail 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Heritage buildings are one of the main concerns in urban development planning and they consequently affect the building code as well. Such concerns were found in many redevelopment projects in a sizeable number of countries aside from Europe and Asia. Strategies, decisions, ways and dilemmas were approached and other points were used as lessons for other projects with similar or even quite different contexts and sizes worldwide. Although Semarang has a specific regulation that protects its heritage buildings, the awareness of the local government and people is still not adequate. This research showed that strategic planning was that was implemented in heritage buildings in some other countries made the buildings become more useful and conserve their authentic value. By studying different cases from different countries, this paper also presented the strategies in regards to heritage building. Suggested also in this paper, that stakeholder’s involvement is crucial in decision-making process.
Local smart initiatives to enhance sustainable settlement
Authors: Hayati Arina , Utami Adinda S.P.R , Bararatin Kirami , Santosa Happy Ratna , Weichart Gabriele , Valent Mag. Karl 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The New Urban Agenda (NUA) will focus on the Smart City and Sustainable City as influential forces within urban development over the next 20 years. What constitutes a Smart and Sustainable reflects the peculiarities of contexts, needs, interests and approaches to urban development in different countries and regions of the world. Indonesia, for example has adopted a fairly broad approach to smart and sustainability, which extends beyond ICT infrastructure to include local development and community initiatives that aim to improve urban environments, economics and lives. Yet, none has examined the relationship between the model of Smart and Sustainability in the context of settlement-built environment. This paper is based on results of an interdisciplinary research project on “Kampung Innovation in Support of Smart City”. In the project, architects and anthropologists are collaboratively investigating creative and innovative ventures initiated by Kampung communities in Surabaya. In this paper, we present data gathered to date through participant observation and interviews, and discuss its analysis using six components of the Smart City which highlights the Human Driven Approach (HDM) approach. Findings reveal that these kampung communities are making important contributions to Surabaya’s development as both smart and sustainable city through creative and innovative approaches to meeting local economic, social and cultural needs in their settlement.
Sociocultural concepts for the Chinese settlement resilience in Lasem
Authors: Sudarwani Margareta M. , Purwanto Edi , Siti Rukayah R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the resilience phenomenon of Chinese Settlement that faces the political policies and economic activities in Lasem. The political and economic conditions that have lasted for centuries do not influenced the resilience of the culture and architecture of Lasem Chinese Settlement. The resilience of Lasem Chinese Settlement is reflected in several temples with their original and unique architectural design that has been around for hundreds of years. They become artefacts that remain resistant to change and have their own meaning for Lasem Chinese community. The purpose of this study is to determine the resilience phenomenon of Lasem Chinese Settlement. This research is expected to provide knowledge about the activities, functions, and values of space and form that play a role in maintaining human existence as its inhabitants. This study employed a qualitative approach that was based on the naturalistic paradigm with an inductive method. The end of the research conclusion was to build local knowledge from the field of study. The result of the research showed that the Chinese Settlement was able to adjust to the political and economic development. The resilience of space and form of Lasem Chinese Settlement can be viewed by the ability of settlement, public and religious spaces in maintaining human existence as its inhabitants. The resilience grows from the socio-cultural values and gives Lasem city sense of place and local identification that remains resistance.
Electromagnetic Environment Analysis of MHD Propulsion by Surfaces in Sea Water
Authors: Zong-kai Liu , Jin-lei Lu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) propulsion by surfaces is performed through electromagnetic propulsion units mounted on navigations surface in conductive flow fluid (such as seawater or plasma), by which Lorentz force will be generated to propel the near-wall seawater and the navigation. Lorentz force has been used to adjust the flow boundary layer around the cylinder and airfoil. In this study, based on the basic governing equations of fluid dynamics and electromagnetic field, by utilizing finite volume methods, the distribution characteristics of electric and magnetic fields near the propulsion units have been investigated in seawater environment. The results show that the electric and magnetic fields over the surface of the propulsion units rapidly decrease with the normal wall distance. This method can offer a better electromagnetic security.
Ptimization of Co-immobilization of Cellulase and β-glucosidase
Authors: Wu D Y , Zhuang M Z , Su G X , Gao P F , Jin Y Z , Fu H Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cellulase can hydrolyze cellulose to produce reducing sugars such as cellobiose and cellotriose. β-glucosidas can further hydrolyze cellobiose and cellobiose produced by cellulase to produce glucose. According to the hydrolysis mechanisms of cellulase and β-glucosidas, we selected two enzyems, cellulase and β-glucosidase to study optimization of co-immobilization of cellulase and β-glucosidas. Meanwhile, we selected two materials, activated carbon and sodium alginate to co-immobilize cellulase and β-glucosidas by the immobilization method of embedding-adsorption. The immobilization conditions, alginate, CaCl2 and activated carbon was optimized. The results showed that the optimum concentrations of sodium alginate and CaCl2 were 2% and 2%, respectively, and the quality of activated carbon is 0.15 g. The optimal ratio of cellulase to β - glucosidase was 1:1.5. The results indicated that cellulase and β-glucosidase had a synergistic effect and that their compound degradation of cellulose was better than the separate effects of the two enzymes acting independently.
Research on Urban Water Environment Design Based on the Concept of Ecological Restoration
Authors: Li Minyong , Liu Jianwen , He Yuanrong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Natural disasters and extreme abnormal weather caused by global climate change challenge the sustainability and stability of urban system. Urban river and lake system is an important ecological background of urban environment. Improving the ecological resilience of urban water system plays an important role in consolidating the stability of urban system. In view of the above problems, using the methods of literature research, case analysis and comprehensive analysis, this paper summarizes the theoretical research and practical experience of coping with global climate change and improving urban water system at home and abroad, and analyzes the challenges faced by China’s urban water environment under climate change. From the perspective of ecological restoration, this paper attempts to build the evaluation index system of water ecological restoration and the urban design technology system guided by water environment, and puts forward urban design strategies from three urban design dimensions: macro (urban agglomeration or region and its basin), meso (city and its basin) and micro (block and its basin), and explores the implementation of urban water system planning and design based on the concept of ecological restoration This is the way.