bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of self-reported functional status (EPIC-26) in prostate cancer patients prior to treatment
Authors: Roth Rebecca , Dieng Sebastian , Oesterle Alisa , Feick Günter , Carl Günther , Hinkel Andreas , Steiner Thomas , Kaftan Björn Theodor , Kunath Frank , Hadaschik Boris , Oostdam Simba-Joshua , Palisaar Rein Jüri , Koralewski Mateusz , Beyer Burkhard , Haben Björn , Tsaur Igor , Wesselmann Simone , Kowalski Christoph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The self-reported functional status (sr-FS) of prostate cancer (PCa) patients varies substantially between patients and health-care providers before treatment. Information about this issue is important for evaluating comparisons between health-care providers and to assist in treatment decision-making. There have been few reports on correlates of pretherapeutic sr-FS. The objective of the article, therefore, is to describe clinical and sociodemographic correlates of pretherapeutic sr-FS, based on a subset of the TrueNTH Global Registry, a prospective cohort study.

Methods
A total of 3094 PCa patients receiving local treatment in 44 PCa centers in Germany were recruited between July 2016 and April 2018. Multilevel regression models were applied to predict five pretherapeutic sr-FS (EPIC-26) scores based on clinical characteristics (standard set suggested by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement), sociodemographic characteristics, and center characteristics.

Results
Impaired pretherapeutic sr-FS tended to be associated with lower educational level and poorer disease characteristics—except for “urinary incontinence” which was only associated with age. Notably, age was a risk factor (“urinary incontinence,” “urinary irritative/obstructive,” “sexual”) as well as a protective factor (“hormonal”) for pretherapeutic sr-FS. Pretherapeutic sr-FS varies little across centers.

Conclusions
Pretherapeutic sr-FS varies by clinical patient characteristics and age as well as by socioeconomic status. The findings point out the benefit of collecting and considering socioeconomic information in addition to clinical and demographic patient characteristics for treatment decision-making and fair comparisons between health-care providers.
The moderating role of lifestyle, age, and years working in shifts in the relationship between shift work and being overweight
Authors: Hulsegge Gerben , van Mechelen Willem , Paagman Heleen , Proper Karin I. , Anema Johannes R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the moderating role of lifestyle, age, and years working in shifts and, shift work and being overweight.

Methods
Cross-sectional data were used of 2569 shift and 4848 non-shift production workers who participated between 2013 and 2018 in an occupational health check. Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was calculated using measured weight and height; lifestyle was assessed by questionnaires. Multiple-adjusted logistic regression with interaction terms between shift work and potential moderators assessed multiplicative interaction; the relative excess risk due to interaction assessed additive interaction (synergism).

Results
Shift work was significantly related to being overweight (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.33 1.76). The strength of this association did not differ by level of sleep quality, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity (p ≥ 0.05). Additive and multiplicative interaction by smoking status was present (p < 0.01), with a stronger relationship between shift work and being overweight among non-smokers compared to smokers. Older age as well as more years of exposure to shift work were, independently from each other, related to a stronger relationship between shift work and being overweight (multiplicative interaction p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Shift work was to a similar extent related to being overweight among those with a healthy and unhealthy lifestyle. This does, however, not imply that shift workers can behave unhealthy without any harm. Based on the evident health benefits of a healthy lifestyle, it is still recommended to get sufficient quality of sleep and to meet the recommended level of daily physical activity and, fruit and vegetable intake.
High-throughput sequencing for community analysis: the promise of DNA barcoding to uncover diversity, relatedness, abundances and interactions in spider communities
Authors: Kennedy Susan R. , Prost Stefan , Overcast Isaac , Rominger Andrew J. , Gillespie Rosemary G. , Krehenwinkel Henrik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLarge-scale studies on community ecology are highly desirable but often difficult to accomplish due to the considerable investment of time, labor and, money required to characterize richness, abundance, relatedness, and interactions. Nonetheless, such large-scale perspectives are necessary for understanding the composition, dynamics, and resilience of biological communities. Small invertebrates play a central role in ecosystems, occupying critical positions in the food web and performing a broad variety of ecological functions. However, it has been particularly difficult to adequately characterize communities of these animals because of their exceptionally high diversity and abundance. Spiders in particular fulfill key roles as both predator and prey in terrestrial food webs and are hence an important focus of ecological studies. In recent years, large-scale community analyses have benefitted tremendously from advances in DNA barcoding technology. High-throughput sequencing (HTS), particularly DNA metabarcoding, enables community-wide analyses of diversity and interactions at unprecedented scales and at a fraction of the cost that was previously possible. Here, we review the current state of the application of these technologies to the analysis of spider communities. We discuss amplicon-based DNA barcoding and metabarcoding for the analysis of community diversity and molecular gut content analysis for assessing predator-prey relationships. We also highlight applications of the third generation sequencing technology for long read and portable DNA barcoding. We then address the development of theoretical frameworks for community-level studies, and finally highlight critical gaps and future directions for DNA analysis of spider communities.
six3 acts upstream of foxQ2 in labrum and neural development in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum
Authors: Schacht Magdalena Ines , Schomburg Christoph , Bucher Gregor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnterior patterning in animals is based on a gene regulatory network, which comprises highly conserved transcription factors like six3, pax6 and otx. More recently, foxQ2 was found to be an ancestral component of this network but its regulatory interactions showed evolutionary differences. In most animals, foxQ2 is a downstream target of six3 and knockdown leads to mild or no epidermal phenotypes. In contrast, in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, foxQ2 gained a more prominent role in patterning leading to strong epidermal and brain phenotypes and being required for six3 expression. However, it has remained unclear which of these novel aspects were insect or arthropod specific. Here, we study expression and RNAi phenotype of the single foxQ2 ortholog of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. We find early anterior expression similar to the one of insects. Further, we show an epidermal phenotype in the labrum similar to the insect phenotype. However, our data indicate that foxQ2 is positioned downstream of six3 like in other animals but unlike insects. Hence, the epidermal and neural pattering function of foxQ2 is ancestral for arthropods while the upstream role of foxQ2 may have evolved in the lineage leading to the insects.
Exploring the factors that influence the public health impact of changes to the traditional housing officer’s role: insights from a logic modelling approach
Authors: Blank Lindsay , Holding Eleanor , Jordan Hannah , Ferrari Ed , Goyder Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Complex interventions can be challenging to summarise and interpret. One approach to attempt to succinctly describe such complexity is through the development of a logic model. This study considers a complex intervention that aimed to widen the role and responsibilities of housing officers, through a neighbourhood-based system.

Methods
We developed a logic model using both primary and secondary data collection alongside expert opinion in order to understand the complex relationships between the intervention being delivered and the actual and potential outcomes. Development of the model was supported by a range of data generation methods, including a scoping review of the literature, telephone survey with housing tenants, in-depth interviews with tenants and housing staff, and workshops with key stakeholders to help to develop and then validate the model.

Results
Our logic model highlights the key role of interpersonal relationships in building coherent neighbourhoods through intervention success and tenant satisfaction. We developed our initial model from analysis of documents relating to the intervention, along with wider literature, which detailed the policy context, theoretical approach and the expected outcomes.

Conclusions
The process of defining our final logic model generated insights that would not have emerged from a more narrative synthesis of secondary and primary data. The most important of these was a clear message about the central role of relationships between neighbourhood officers and tenants. In similar interventions, thought needs to be given on how a relationship can be built between a tenant and a neighbourhood officer.
On the seismic fragility of pipe rack—piping systems considering soil–structure interaction
Authors: Di Sarno Luigi , Karagiannakis George 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPiping systems constitute the most vulnerable component in down- and mid-stream facilities posing immediate threat to human lives, communities financial robustness and environment. Pipe racks present several mechanical and geometrical idiosyncrasies compared to common buildings and the seismic response is governed by the pipework layout. Important design requirements e.g. dynamic interaction between pipelines and supporting structure are commonly overlooked during pipe racks design process and uncertainties relevant to modelling of soil or seismic input are not quantified. In the present work, after reviewing the technical literature and codes, a 3D RC rack was used as a testbed and analysed as coupled and decoupled with a non-seismic code conforming piping system accounting for soil–structure interaction. Incremental dynamic analysis was adopted as an assessment methodology for deriving fragility curves considering ground motions in near- and far-field conditions. It was deduced that the modelling (boundary conditions of pipes) was the most considerable uncertainty since it increased the probability of collapse limit state of structural members from 0 to 59%. It was also demonstrated that soil deformability as well as source conditions altered considerably the dispersion of intensity measure conditional on engineering demand parameter of structural and nonstructural members. The results may be another indication that code provisions should be more normative regarding industrial pipe racks.
Eugenol-loaded microspheres incorporated into textile substrates
Authors: Simões M. G. , Coimbra P. , Carreira A. S. , Figueiredo M. M. , Gil M. H. , Simões P. N. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This work reports studies on the production of eugenol-loaded microspheres by solvent evaporation method, targeted for incorporation into textile substrates, using different cellulose derivatives: ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose butyrate acetate, and cellulose acetate phthalate. The microspheres were evaluated in terms of size, shape, thermal stability, encapsulation efficiency, and eugenol kinetics release. CA-based microspheres proved to be the best, thus being selected for subsequent experiments. Comparable properties of the CA-based microspheres were achieved ongoing from 100 mL to higher batch volumes (up to 2000 mL). The eugenol-loaded microspheres were successfully incorporated into cotton fabrics using a padding technique, confirmed by FE-SEM. Eugenol release profiles from the impregnated textiles demonstrated a slow and controlled release (less than 20% of the encapsulated amount over 90 days). The developed microspheres demonstrated to be the most promising for the retention and protection of hydrophobic active compounds for possible textile applications.

Graphic abstract
The effect of pulverization methods on the microstructure of stiff, ductile, and flexible carbon aerogels
Authors: Schwan Marina , Schettler Jessica , Badaczewski Felix M. , Heinrich Charlotte , Smarsly Bernd M. , Milow Barbara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbon aerogels find application in many fields. In most of the applications, they are used as powders and thus need to be pulverized. However, the pulverization could induce various changes in the microstructure of carbon aerogels. The extent of changes depends not only on the dominant forces of used technique, but also on the mechanical and structural properties of initial monolithic samples. In the present work, we discuss the influence of grinding, milling in shaker cryo-mill, and planetary ball mill on stiff, ductile and flexible carbon aerogels. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images, gas sorption techniques, wide-angle X-ray scattering, and Raman spectroscopy show a strong dependency of the introduced energy amount while pulverization on the structure modification. Results show that stiff carbon aerogels do not undergo noticeable changes. In contrast, ductile carbon aerogels are very sensitive to friction forces. Soft and flexible carbon aerogels undergo drastic changes in the microstructure.
Sensitivity-enhanced three-dimensional and carbon-detected two-dimensional NMR of proteins using hyperpolarized water
Authors: Olsen Gregory L. , Szekely Or , Mateos Borja , Kadeřávek Pavel , Ferrage Fabien , Konrat Robert , Pierattelli Roberta , Felli Isabella C. , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Kurzbach Dennis , Frydman Lucio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSignal enhancements of up to two orders of magnitude in protein NMR can be achieved by employing HDO as a vector to introduce hyperpolarization into folded or intrinsically disordered proteins. In this approach, hyperpolarized HDO produced by dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) is mixed with a protein solution waiting in a high-field NMR spectrometer, whereupon amide proton exchange and nuclear Overhauser effects (NOE) transfer hyperpolarization to the protein and enable acquisition of a signal-enhanced high-resolution spectrum. To date, the use of this strategy has been limited to 1D and 1H-15N 2D correlation experiments. Here we introduce 2D 13C-detected D-DNP, to reduce exchange-induced broadening and other relaxation penalties that can adversely affect proton-detected D-DNP experiments. We also introduce hyperpolarized 3D spectroscopy, opening the possibility of D-DNP studies of larger proteins and IDPs, where assignment and residue-specific investigation may be impeded by spectral crowding. The signal enhancements obtained depend in particular on the rates of chemical and magnetic exchange of the observed residues, thus resulting in non-uniform ‘hyperpolarization-selective’ signal enhancements. The resulting spectral sparsity, however, makes it possible to resolve and monitor individual amino acids in IDPs of over 200 residues at acquisition times of just over a minute. We apply the proposed experiments to two model systems: the compactly folded protein ubiquitin, and the intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) osteopontin (OPN).
Anaemia, iron homeostasis and pulmonary hypertension: a review
Authors: Sonnweber Thomas , Pizzini Alex , Tancevski Ivan , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Weiss Günter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnaemia is a highly prevalent condition, which negatively impacts on patients’ cardiovascular performance and quality of life. Anaemia is mainly caused by disturbances of iron homeostasis. While absolute iron deficiency mostly as a consequence of chronic blood loss or insufficient dietary iron absorption results in the emergence of iron deficiency anaemia, inflammation-driven iron retention in innate immune cells and blockade of iron absorption leads to the development of anaemia of chronic disease. Both, iron deficiency and anaemia have been linked to the clinical course of pulmonary hypertension. Various mechanistic links between iron homeostasis, anaemia, and pulmonary hypertension have been described and current treatment guidelines suggest regular iron status assessment and the implementation of iron supplementation strategies in these patients. The pathophysiology, diagnostic assessment as well as current and future treatment options concerning iron deficiency with or without anaemia in individuals suffering from pulmonary hypertension are discussed within this review.
Digitale Behandlungsangebote für Insomnie – eine Übersichtsarbeit
Authors: Spiegelhalder Kai , Acker Jens , Baumeister Harald , Büttner-Teleaga Antje , Danker-Hopfe Heidi , Ebert David D. , Fietze Ingo , Frase Lukas , Klein Sarah , Lehr Dirk , Maun Andy , Mertel Isabella , Richter Kneginja , Riemann Dieter , Sauter Cornelia , Schilling Claudia , Schlarb Angelika A. , Specht Markus , Steinmetz Lisa , Weeß Hans G. , Crönlein Tatjana 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDigital angebotene psychologische Interventionen gegen Schlafstörungen sind aktuell ein sehr intensiv bearbeitetes Forschungsthema. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden Originalarbeiten und Metaanalysen zu diesem Thema zusammengefasst. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass die internetbasierte kognitive Verhaltenstherapie für Insomnie (KVT-I) bei Erwachsenen durchweg sehr effektiv ist mit allenfalls leicht geringeren Effektstärken als die gleiche Behandlung mit physischer Präsenz von Therapeuten und Patienten. Behandlungseffekte zeigen sich dabei auch für sekundäre Outcome-Parameter wie Depressivität, Angst, Fatigue und Lebensqualität. Hingegen lassen die Forschung zur Wirksamkeit der internetbasierten KVT‑I bei Erwachsenen mit komorbiden psychischen Störungen oder körperlichen Erkrankungen sowie die Forschung zur Frage, wieviel Therapeutenkontakt in die Behandlung integriert werden sollte, anscheinend noch keine abschließenden Antworten zu. In diesen Bereichen scheint weitere Forschung notwendig zu sein scheint.
SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (2019)
Authors: Dómine M. , Moran T. , Isla D. , Martí J. L. , Sullivan I. , Provencio M. , Olmedo M. E. , Ponce S. , Blasco A. , Cobo M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSmall-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancers. Only one-third of patients are diagnosed at limited stage. The median survival remains to be around 15–20 months without significative changes in the strategies of treatment for many years. In stage I and IIA, the standard treatment is the surgery followed by adjuvant therapy with platinum–etoposide. In stage IIB–IIIC, the recommended treatment is early concurrent chemotherapy with platinum–etoposide plus thoracic radiotherapy followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation in patients without progression. However, in the extensive stage, significant advances have been observed adding immunotherapy to platinum–etoposide chemotherapy to obtain a significant increase in overall survival, constituting the new recommended standard of care. In the second-line treatment, topotecan remains as the standard treatment. Reinduction with platinum–etoposide is the recommended regimen in patients with sensitive relapse (≥ 3 months) and new drugs such as lurbinectedin and immunotherapy are new treatment options. New biomarkers and new clinical trials designed according to the new classification of SCLC subtypes defined by distinct gene expression profiles are necessary.
Challenges in developing polymer flocculants to improve bitumen quality in non-aqueous extraction processes: an experimental study
Authors: Dixon Daniel V. , Stoyanov Stanislav R. , Xu Yuming , Zeng Hongbo , Soares João B. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWestern Canada’s oil sands hold the third-largest hydrocarbon deposits in the world. Bitumen, a very heavy petroleum, is currently recovered by surface mining with warm water or in situ. Recovery processes that use organic solvents are being developed to reduce water usage and tailings production. While solvent-based methods can effectively extract bitumen, removal of residual fine solids from diluted bitumen product (DBP) to meet the pipeline transport requirement of < 0.5 wt% solids and water in DBP remains a major challenge. We propose a novel area of application of polymer flocculants for fine solids removal from DBP. In principle, polymer flocculants can be applied to help remove these residual solids in conjunction with physical separation processes to increase process effectiveness and energy efficiency. Several polymers are selected and screened for flocculation behavior using kaolinite suspended in DBP and toluene, as a model system. Focused beam reflectance measurements and force tensiometer techniques are used to determine flocculation and sedimentation in DBP. The observed flocculation and sedimentation rate enhancements indicate that the polymers tested have only minor effects, providing opportunities for advanced polymer development. These findings exemplify the challenges in identifying polymers that may be effective as flocculants in heavy petroleum media.
Bounding the final rank during a round robin tournament with integer programming
Authors: Gotzes Uwe , Hoppmann Kai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article is mainly motivated by the urge to answer two kinds of questions regarding the Bundesliga, which is Germany’s primary football (soccer) division having the highest average stadium attendance worldwide: “At any point in the season, what is the lowest final rank a certain team can achieve?” and “At any point in the season, what is the highest final rank a certain team can achieve?”. Although we focus on the Bundesliga in particular, the integer programming formulations we introduce to answer these questions can easily be adapted to a variety of other league systems and tournaments.
Development of a Combined Leaching and Ion-Exchange System for Valorisation of Spent Potlining Waste
Authors: Robshaw Thomas J. , Bonser Keith , Coxhill Glyn , Dawson Robert , Ogden Mark D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis work aims to contribute to addressing the global challenge of recycling and valorising spent potlining; a hazardous solid waste product of the aluminium smelting industry. This has been achieved using a simple two-step chemical leaching treatment of the waste, using dilute lixiviants, namely NaOH, H2O2and H2SO4, and at ambient temperature. The potlining and resulting leachate were characterised by spectroscopy and microscopy to determine the success of the treatment, as well as the morphology and mineralogy of the solid waste. This confirmed that the potlining samples were a mixture of contaminated graphite and refractory materials, with high variability of composition. A large quantity of fluoride was solublised by the leaching process, as well as numerous metals, some of them toxic. The acidic and caustic leachates were combined and the aluminium and fluoride components were selectively extracted, using a modified ion-exchange resin, in fixed-bed column experiments. The resin performed above expectations, based on previous studies, which used a simulant feed, extracting fluoride efficiently from leachates of significantly different compositions. Finally, the fluoride and aluminium were coeluted from the column, using NaOH as the eluent, creating an enriched aqueous stream, relatively free from contaminants, from which recovery of synthetic cryolite can be attempted. Overall, the study accomplished several steps in the development of a fully-realised spent potlining treatment system.Graphic Abstract