bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Disposal of Sharps Waste at Home Among Patients with Diabetes and their Caregivers
Authors: Khan Amal M. , AL Ghamdi Rasheed A. , Alswat Khaled A. 
Published: September 2020

Introduction/Objectives:
A recent CDC report estimates that only 17.2% people with diabetes receive insulin. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of patients with diabetes and their caregivers towards sharps waste disposal at home.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study conducted from February to July 2019 at the two main diabetes specialist centers in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Data collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, which was designed after a thorough literature review, were used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice using a total of 36 items.

Result:
406 patients comprised mostly females and those who were unemployed, with a mean age of 53.2 +18.5 years and a mean DM duration of 13.6 +8.7 years. Approximately <10% reported sharing used insulin needles or lancets as well as accidental family member sticks by the used needle or lancet. More than half of the respondents answered “I don’t know” regarding the knowledge on transmission of hepatitis B or C and HIV by sharing lancet or insulin needles. 52.5%, 51.7% and 47.0% of participants were considered to have high knowledge, high attitude and good practice levels, respectively. 78.8% of participants stated that they disposed sharps waste in public household garbage bags, and one third disagreed that they safely collected and brought their used sharps to a hospital. The highest score in the practice section was on optimal needle recap. A partial correlation adjusting to determine the relationship of practice levels with knowledge and attitude levels after controlling for Baseline characteristics and duration of DM showed a statistically significant positive correlation between practice and knowledge levels (r = .172, P = .001) while statistically significant negative correlation between practice and attitude levels (r = - .116, P = .021).

Conclusion:
Patients with type 1 diabetes exhibited a significantly higher mean score in the practice only compared to patients with type 2 diabetes. A partial correlation showed a statistically significant positive correlation between practice and knowledge and a negative correlation between practice and attitude level.
Screening for Hearing Impairment in Older Adults by Smartphone-Based Audiometry, Self-Perception, HHIE Screening Questionnaire, and Free-Field Voice Test: Comparative Evaluation of the Screening Accuracy With Standard Pure-Tone Audiometry
Authors: Li Lok Yee Joyce , Wang Shin-Yi , Wu Cheng-Jung , Tsai Cheng-Yu , Wu Te-Fang , Lin Yaoh-Shiang 
Published: September 2020

Background
Hearing impairment is the most frequent sensory deficit in humans, affecting more than 360 million people worldwide. In fact, hearing impairment is not merely a health problem, but it also has a great impact on the educational performance, economic income, and quality of life. Hearing impairment is therefore an important social concern.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate and compare the accuracy of self-perception, Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S) questionnaire, free-field voice test, and smartphone-based audiometry as tests for screening moderate hearing impairment in older adults in China.

Methods
In this study, 41 patients were recruited through a single otology practice. All patients were older than 65 years. Patients with otorrhea and cognitive impairment were excluded. Moderate hearing impairment was defined as mean hearing thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz >40 dB hearing loss (pure-tone average > 40 dB hearing loss). All patients completed 5 hearing tests, namely, the self-perception test, HHIE-S questionnaire test, free-field voice test, smartphone-based audiometry test, and standard pure-tone audiometry by the same audiologist. We compared the results of these tests to the standard audiogram in the better-hearing ear.

Results
The sensitivity and the specificity of the self-perception test were 0.58 (95% CI 0.29-0.84) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.19-0.54), respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity of the HHIE-S questionnaire test were 0.67 (95% CI 0.35-0.89) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.316-0.51), respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity of the free-field voice test were 0.83 (95% CI 0.51-0.97) and 0.41 (95% CI 0.24-0.61), respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity of the smartphone-based audiometry test were 0.92 (95% CI 0.60-0.99) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.56-0.89), respectively. Smartphone-based audiometry correctly diagnosed the presence of hearing loss with high sensitivity and high specificity.

Conclusions
Smartphone-based audiometry may be a dependable screening test to rule out moderate hearing impairment in the older population.
Primary Care Pre-Visit Electronic Patient Questionnaire for Asthma: Uptake Analysis and Predictor Modeling
Authors: Kouri Andrew , Yamada Janet , Sale Joanna E M , Straus Sharon E , Gupta Samir 
Published: September 2020

Background
mHealth tablet-based interventions are increasingly being studied and deployed in various health care settings, yet little knowledge exists regarding patient uptake and acceptance or how patient demographics influence these important implementation metrics.

Objective
To determine which factors influence the uptake and successful completion of an mHealth tablet questionnaire by analyzing its implementation in a primary care setting.

Methods
We prospectively studied a patient-facing electronic touch-tablet asthma questionnaire deployed as part of the Electronic Asthma Management System. We describe tablet uptake and completion rates and corresponding predictor models for these behaviors.

Results
The tablet was offered to and accepted by patients in 891/1715 (52.0%) visits. Patients refused the tablet in 33.0% (439/1330) visits in which it was successfully offered. Patients aged older than 65 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.33-3.95) and with concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.05-4.67) were more likely to refuse the tablet, and those on an asthma medication (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.30-0.99) were less likely to refuse it. Once accepted, the questionnaire was completed in 784/891 (88.0%) instances, with those on an asthma medication (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.88) being less likely to leave it incomplete.

Conclusions
Older age predicted initial tablet refusal but not tablet questionnaire completion, suggesting that perceptions of mHealth among older adults may negatively impact uptake, independent of usability. The influence of being on an asthma medication suggests that disease severity may also mediate mHealth acceptance. Although use of mHealth questionnaires is growing rapidly across health care settings and diseases, few studies describe their real-world acceptance and its predictors. Our results should be complemented by qualitative methods to identify barriers and enablers to uptake and may inform technological and implementation strategies to drive successful usage.
Strategi Pembentukan Ketahanan Pribadi Siswa Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Untuk Membangun Kesadaran Bernegara (Studi Di SMA Taruna Nusantara Magelang Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Dewi Diyah Kartika , Sunarso Sunarso 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the strategy of forming student’s personal resilience based on Pancasila values to build state awareness in Taruna Nusantara High School. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study. Determination of the subject using a purposive technique. Data collection using observation and interview. The data analysis component uses interactive models while the validity of the data uses member check. The results showed that there were several strategies in the formation of personal endurance based on Pancasila values to build state awareness in Taruna Nusantara High School, namely (1) acculturation of Pancasila values through school culture using the exemplary and participatory approach of all school members, (2) carrying out project activities and, (3) the teacher carries out innovative learning. The formation of self-defense based on Pancasila values is important because it can produce a strong personality, nationalistic spirit, and be able to restore national identity.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi pembentukan ketahanan pribadi berbasis nilai-nilai Pancasila untuk membangun kesadaran bernegara di SMA Taruna Nusantara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Penentuan subjek menggunakan teknik purposive. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Komponen analisis data menggunakan interactive models sedangkan keabsahan data menggunakan member check. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa strategi dalam pembentukan ketahanan pribadi berbasis nilai-nilai Pancasila untuk membangun kesadaran bernegara di SMA Taruna Nusantara, yaitu (1) pembudayaan nilai-nilai Pancasila melalui budaya sekolah dengan menggunakan pendekatan keteladanan dan partisipastif dari semua warga sekolah, (2) melaksanakan kegiatan terproyek dan, (3) guru melaksanakan pembelajaran yang inovatif. Pembentukan ketahanan diri siswa berbasis nilai-nilai Pancasila penting untuk dilakukan karena dapat menghasilkan pribadi yang tangguh, berjiwa nasionalis, dan mampu mengembalikan jati diri bangsa
Acute Kidney Injury and Risk of CKD and Hypertension after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Zappitelli Michael , Parikh Chirag R. , Kaufman James S. , Go Alan S. , Kimmel Paul L. , Hsu Chi-yuan , Coca Steven G. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Greenberg Jason H. , Moxey-Mims Marva M. , Ikizler T. Alp , Cockovski Vedran , Dyer Anne-Marie , Devarajan Prasad ,   for the ASsessment, Serial Evaluation, and Subsequent Sequelae in Acute Kidney Injury (ASSESS-AKI) Investigators
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives
The association of AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery with long-term CKD and hypertension development is unclear. The study objectives were to determine whether AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with incident CKD and hypertension.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This was a prospective cohort study of children of 1 month to 18 years old who were undergoing cardiac surgery at two tertiary care centers (Canada, United States). Participants were recruited before cardiac surgery and were followed during hospitalization and at 3, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after discharge. Exposures were postoperative AKI, based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition, and age <2 years old at surgery. Outcomes and measures were CKD (low eGFR or albuminuria for age) and hypertension (per the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines) at follow-up, with the composite outcome of CKD or hypertension.

Results
Among 124 participants, 57 (46%) developed AKI. AKI versus non-AKI participants had a median (interquartile range) age of 8 (4.8–40.8) versus 46 (6.0–158.4) months, respectively, and higher preoperative eGFR. From the 3- to 48-month follow-up, the cohort prevalence of CKD was high (17%–20%); hypertension prevalence was also high (22%–30%). AKI was not significantly associated with the development of CKD throughout follow-up. AKI was associated with hypertension development at 12 months after discharge (adjusted relative risk, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 3.95), but not at subsequent visits. Children aged <2 years old at surgery had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension during follow-up than older children (40% versus 21% at 3-month follow-up; 32% versus 13% at 48-month follow-up).

Conclusions
CKD and hypertension burden in the 4 years after pediatric cardiac surgery is high. Young age at surgery, but not AKI, is associated with their development.
VITAL POTENTIAL OF MULTIPLE HERBS IN PROPHYLAXIS OF OBESITY
Authors: WAL PRANAY , WAL ANKITA , CHAUBEY MADHVI 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Allopathic medications are associated with several inconveniences such as drug dependency. More than 2000 herbal medicines have been proved to have a therapeutic effect in multiple disorders. The prominent aim of this review paper is to compute the therapeutic effect of herbal drug against obesity along with their different mechanisms.
Methods: Data have been selected by evaluating merger of specific review and research papers through filtering through data bases such as PubMed, and Google Scholar of last 10 years 2009–2019.
Results: On the basis of our interpretations, we have concluded that the herbal drugs constituting active constituents’ as tannins, alkaloids, resins, saponins, and flavonoids are effective in lowering the blood triglycerides level, lipid accumulation in liver, fat accumulation, adipocyte differentiation, and ultimately decrease body weight with almost negligible toxicity.
Conclusion: Obesity is highly related to elevated morbidity rate as well as has become cause of various disorders. Herbal drugs have potential to treat obesity through different mechanisms including lipid peroxidation, free-radical scavenging activity, and inhibition of fat accumulation.
COMPARISON OF INSULIN RESISTANCE WITH THE SEVERITY OF METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: N BHAGYASHREE , C RAMASWAMY , K RAMYA , M GANESH 
Published: September 2020

Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) means a reduced ability of insulin to stimulate glucose utilization. IR is related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as the IR forms the basis for atherogenesis and acts as a major risk factor for atherosclerotic CVD.
Methods: Total of 195 participants were recruited divided into three groups based on the presence of metabolic abnormalities as control Group I (with <3 components of metabolic syndrome [MS]), MS group as Group II (with any 3 components of MS), and severe MS as Group III (with more than three components of MS).
Results: Results showed that fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin showed a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001), whereas fasting insulin and IR were higher in severe MS which showed statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in comparison with control and MS group.
Conclusion: IR is one of the principal factors for the development of MS and further threw light that the increase in the IR level proportionately increases the severity of MS.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ON SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED BIOFLAVONOIDS AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF COVID-19 MAIN PROTEASE
Authors: SURYAWANSHI SHAILENDRA SANJAY , JAYANNACHE POOJA BHAVAKANA , PATIL RAJKUMAR SANJAY , MS PALLED , SG ALEGAON 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: The objective of the study was to screen and assess the selected bioactive bioflavonoids in medicinal plants as potential coronaviruses (CoV) main protease (Mpro) inhibitors using molecular docking studies.
Methods: We have investigated several bioflavonoids which include apigenin, galangin, glycitein, luteolin, morin, naringin, resveratrol, and rutin. Nelfinavir and lopinavir were used as standard antiviral drugs for comparison. Mpro was docked with selected compounds using PyRx 0.8 and docking was analyzed by PyRx 0.8 and Biovia Discovery Studio 2019.
Results: The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with native ligand, nelfinavir, lopinavir, apigenin, galangin, glycitein, luteolin, morin, naringin, resveratrol, and rutin were found to be −7.4, −8.3, −8.0, −7.8, −7.3, −7, −7.4, −7.6, −7.8, −6.9, and −9 kcal/mol, respectively.
Conclusion: From the binding energy calculations, we can conclude that nelfinavir and lopinavir may represent potential treatment options and apigenin, galangin, glycitein, luteolin, morin, naringin, resveratrol, and rutin found to possess the best inhibitors of CoV disease-19 main protease.
BIOSIMILAR MEDICINE PRICE ANALYSIS IN BRAZIL: THE ANTIRHEUMATIC CASE
Authors: GONZALEZ MOSEGUI GABRIELA BITTENCOURT , VILLAR FERNANDO ANTOÑANZAS , VIANNA CID MANSO DE MELLO , GARCIA ROJAS PAULA 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The introduction of biosimilar medicines in markets can bring savings to health systems, expanding the population’s access to various treatments. This study aims to analyze the price competition of biological agents and their biosimilars in Brazil within the scope of rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: Prices for 14 presentations of original and biosimilar medicines were analyzed from January 2003 to October 2019 in Brazil. Prices were taken from official lists and were noted since launch and during the later trading period. Prices were converted to United States dollars and adjusted for inflation for the 2003 base year.
Results: In Brazil, during this review period, prices of biopharmaceuticals decreased in real values, reaching up to a 50% reduction. The introduction of biosimilars did not affect the price sharing of biological medicines.
Conclusion: Biosimilar antirheumatics do not yet have a significant impact on the price of biologics marketed in Brazil. A change in this scenario is expected in the medium and long term.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GLIBENCLAMIDE GEL FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: ANWAR NOSHEEN , JAN SYED UMER , GUL REHMAM 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of the recent study was to formulate glibenclamide gels for transdermal drug release, and to evaluate the oleic acid effect on the release of the preparations.
Methods: Oleic acid was used at a range of concentrations in the gel formulations and its effects observed in Glibenclamide gel using In vitro release of drug was done in Franz diffusion cells, whereas pH 7.4 Phosphate buffer was used for release studies. Formulations were characterized by clarity, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadabilty, skin irritation, drug content, stability studies. Scanning calroimetry analysis (SCA) and XRD studies were performed to assess the physical and chemical interactions.
Results: Release profiles in vitro were observed. The released quantity of drug recovered from the glibenclamide gel after the addition of 1% oleic acid, increased with increasing concentration of the enhancer that is oleic acid. Whereas drug quantity recovered in the receptor solvent was 69.999% of Glibenclamide gel having 3% oleic acid. All the formulation were physicochemically stable. The data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS and DD solver.
Conclusion: The drug is released and the oleic acid does enhance the release of the drug with the increase in its concentration.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF TIOTROPIUM BROMIDE IN API AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: KOKANE ANJALI P. , SHINDE BHAGYASHRI S. , KALSHETTI M. S. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The current work intended towards the developed and validated UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Tiotropium Bromide in API and pharmaceutical formulation.
Methods: The UV spectrum of tiotropium bromide in methanol shows maximum absorbance at 230 nm. Calibration curve method was used for the estimation of tiotropium bromide in API and pharmaceutical formulation.
Results: Maximum absorbance obtained in 230 nm. Calibration curve plotted in concentration range 20-120 µm/ml exhibit the linearity relationship with line equation y=0.0057x+0.3319. The Accuracy was found to be 80-100.5%. The precision %RSD=0.1110, and the limit of detection(LOD)=4.12and limit of quantification (LOQ= 12.50. The method was found to comply all the validation parameters as per the ICH guideline in indicating the sensitivity of the method analyte.
Conclusion: This method is used as satisfactory for the routine analysis of tiotropium bromide in API and pharmaceutical dosage forms.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE LOADED NANOSPONGES FOR ORAL DELIVERY
Authors: RAO B. NARASIMHA , REDDY K. RAVINDRA , FATHIMA S. RAHATH , PREETHI P. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: In the current investigation,nanosponges were set up by emulsion solvent diffusion technique utilizing ethyl cellulose and β-cyclodextrin as polymers.
Methods: Diltiazem hydrochloride is taken as model medication for considering different nanosponge formulations. The similarity of different formulation segments was set up by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Molecular size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency and drug content of nanosponges were analyzed. Shape and surface morphology of the nanosponges were inspected utilizing scanning electron microscopy.
Results: Molecule size of formulated nanosponges was seen in the scope of 186 to 476 nm. Scanning electron microscopy uncovered the permeable, round nature of the nanosponges. The drug content of nanosponges for ethyl cellulose containing formulations was seen as in the scope of 62.25 to 85.11% and for the β-cyclodextrin containing details were seen as in the scope of 65.18-89.67%. The percentage entrapment effectiveness of nanosponges for ethyl cellulose containing formulations were seen as in the scope of 54.18 to 79.49% and for the β-cyclodextrin containing details were seen as in the scope of 58.21-83.45%. In vitro drugreleasefindings demonstrated that at 12 h ethyl cellulose containing formulations discharged the drug in the scope of 57.27-89.09% and for the β-cyclodextrin containing formulations discharged in the scope of 73.94-93.26%.
Conclusion: Sustained drugreleasefrom formulations is supported if there is an occurrence of ethyl cellulose in the formulations rather with plans containing β-cyclodextrin.
Where The Sidewalk Ends: The Governance Of Waterfront Toronto’s Sidewalk Labs Deal
Authors: Flynn Alexandra , Valverde Mariana 
Published: September 2020

In May 2020 Sidewalk Labs, the Google-affiliated ‘urban innovation’ company, announced that it was abandoning its ambition to build a ‘smart city’ on Toronto’s waterfront and thus ending its three-year relationship with Waterfront Toronto. This is thus a good time to look back and examine the whole process, with a view to drawing lessons both for the future of Canadian smart city projects and the future of public sector agencies with appointed boards. This article leaves to one side the gadgets and sensors that drew much attention to the proposed project, and instead focuses on the governance aspects, especially the role of the public ‘partner’ in the contemplated public-private partnership. We find that the multi-government agency, Waterfront Toronto, had transparency and accountability deficiencies, and failed to consistently defend the public interest from the beginning (the Request for Proposals issued in May of 2017). Because the public partner in the proposed ‘deal’ was not, as is usually the case in smart city projects, a municipal corporation, our research allows us to address an important question in administrative law, namely: what powers should administrative bodies outside of government have in crafting smart city policies?
In Canada, the comparatively limited Canadian scholarly work regarding urban law and governance has mainly focused on municipal governments themselves, and this scholarly void has contributed to the fact that the public is largely unaware of the numerous local bodies that oversee local matters beyond municipal governments. This paper hones into the details of the WT-Sidewalk Labs partnership to understand the powers and limitations of WT in assuming a governmental role in establishing and overseeing ‘smart city’ relationships. It ultimately argues that WT has not been – nor should it be – empowered to create a smart city along Toronto’s post-industrial waterfront. Such tasks, we argue, belong to democratic bodies like municipalities. An important contribution of this paper is to situate the evolving role of public authorities in the local governance literature and in the context of administrative law.