bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familiarity and Phenomenology in Greece: Accumulated Votives as Group-made Monuments
Authors: Rask K.A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGreek devotional activity from the eighth through third centuries included the accumulation of common votive types, many of which exhibited similar motifs and repetitive designs. This paper explores constructed assemblages by focusing on the dedication of objects featuring visual and iconographic “sameness.” Building on the work of D. Morgan and J. González, this paper theorizes Greek votive accumulations as larger conglomerations that impact religious experience through the artifacts’ very number and ubiquity. Evidence from Athens and Corinth suggests that an individual’s personal biography and past movements through the local landscape gave pervasive religious imagery a sense of familiarity and meaningfulness. While the appearance of ubiquitous votives may have been dictated by tradition and manufacturing realities, their use to create monumental votive deposits had phenomenological impact. Drawing on evidence from treasury records and excavated material at a number of Greek sanctuaries, this paper argues that, when they formed assemblages of repetitive religious images, worshippers created larger, dynamic monuments out of individual items. The clustered offerings participated in an “aesthetics of accumulation,” visually and physically linking individuals to a network of other worshippers.
How Education Empowers Women in Developing Countries
Authors: Le Kien , Nguyen My 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper evaluates the impacts of education on women’s relational empowerment, within a context of 70 developing countries across the world. Exploiting the variation in educational attainment between biological sisters, we find that education is positively associated with women’s intra-household decision making authority in both financial and non-financial domains. Moreover, education reduces relational friction, especially women’s exposure to psychological abuse. Our mechanism analyses provide suggestive evidence that these improvements could be attributed to increased access to information, assortative matching, and better labor market outcome.
Ambiguität und Doppelung
Authors: Schneider Christian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Focusing on the ›Münchner Oswald‹ and ›Orendel‹, this article traces ambiguity and narrative doubling in early Middle High German adventure and bridal-quest legends (formerly also called ›minstrel epics‹). It argues that these ambiguities, which surface in the texts as instances of narrative incoherence, point toward an incommensurability between certain religious and secular narrative »gestures«, as well as between their underlying forms of thought. To the extent that (presumably) later adaptations of ›Oswald‹ and ›Orendel‹ display an effort to smooth out the incoherences in their source materials, they attest to a decreasing tolerance for ambiguity not uncharacteristic of the late medieval and early modern periods more generally.
Experimental investigation on the three-dimensional flow field from a meltblowing slot die
Authors: Ji Changchun , Wang Yudong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To investigate the distribution characteristics of the three-dimensional flow field under the slot die, an online measurement of the airflow velocity was performed using a hot wire anemometer. The experimental results show that the air-slot end faces have a great influence on the airflow distribution in its vicinity. Compared with the air velocity in the center area, the velocity below the slot end face is much lower. The distribution characteristics of the three-dimensional flow field under the slot die would cause the fibers at different positions to bear inconsistent air force. The air velocity of the spinning centerline is higher than that around it, which is more conducive to fiber diameter attenuation. The violent fluctuation of the instantaneous velocity of the airflow could easily cause the meltblowing fiber to whip in the area close to the die.
New form cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) with resistance to the herbicides Pulsar and Express
Authors: Christov Michail , Hristova-Cherbadzhi Miroslava 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
New traits that are useful for the cultivated sunflower can be received by applying classical breeding methods. A new form sunflower that is resistant to herbicides Pulsar and Express was obtained by hybridization between the sunflower mutant M-95-674 and the line HA 425. Test results from the period 2017–2019 confirm the resistance to both herbicides. This resistance can be transferred into other classical selected lines.
Zenodoros, Tetrarch der Ituräer – und Räuberhauptmann?
Authors: Hoffmann-Salz Julia 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Wie alle ituräischen Dynasten wird auch der Tetrarch Zenodoros in den Quellen negativ dargestellt. Seine Abwertung als eine Art Räuberhauptmann verdeckt dabei das offenkundige Bemühen des Zenodoros, seine Territorien herrschaftlich zu durchdringen. Gerade sein Zugriff auf die Ressourcen führte zu einer intensiven ökonomischen Konkurrenz mit den Nachbarn, die sich in den negativen Quellenberichten niederschlägt. Der Beitrag zeichnet nach, warum Zenodoros in dieser Konkurrenz unterlag und welche Rolle dabei insbesondere sein Verhältnis zur römischen Zentrale spielte. Denn obwohl er etwa durch seine Münzprägung und vielleicht auch durch Bauprojekte versuchte, die an ihn als Klientelherrscher Roms gerichtete Erwartungshaltung zu erfüllen, scheint er nicht über ein ausreichend einflussreiches Netzwerk in Rom verfügt zu haben, so dass seine Nachbarn ihn um seinen Ruf und schließlich um seine Tetrarchie bringen konnten.
Quellen sammeln, Geschichte schreiben. Zur Materialität historischen Wissens im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Müller Philipp 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag analysiert den für die historische Forschung im 19. Jahrhundert zentralen Konnex von Sammeln und Wissen. Forscher und Gelehrte verpflichteten sich im 19. Jahrhundert zunehmend, Aussagen über die Vergangenheit auf der Grundlage von materialfundierten Beobachtungen anzustellen. Diese autonome Setzung hatte zur Folge, dass Gelehrte in Abhängigkeit gerieten von Akteuren und Einrichtungen, die über relevantes Quellenmaterial verfügten. Die Fallstudie zu Johann G. Droysens neuzeitgeschichtlichem Debüt über den preußischen General Yorck von Wartenburg ermöglicht es, eine praxeologische Perspektive zu entfalten, um die komplexe Gemengelage aufzuzeigen, in der Historiker im 19. Jahrhundert allgemein operierten. Hier wird nicht nur die handwerklich-praktische Dimension des vorrangig als Theoretiker rezipierten Historikers Droysen sichtbar, sondern die Analyse zeigt repräsentativ am Fallbeispiel Droysens Elemente auf, die das Feld historischen Forschens im 19. Jahrhundert allgemein auszeichneten und mitstrukturierten. Die archivpolitische Maxime des secretum, die Mikropolitik von Forschern, Vermittlern und Unterstützern sowie Quellengeschenke für den Historiker seitens der Leser, all dies hatte maßgeblich Anteil an der Produktion von Wissen und manifestierte sich schließlich in Droysens historischer Studie. Die Untersuchung legt damit nicht nur einen für das historische Wissen und Schreiben konstitutiven Konnex von Quellensammeln und Geschichteschreiben frei, sondern erfasst zugleich ein produktives Moment historischer Forschung im 19. Jahrhundert, das bestehende Ideen und Begriffe veränderte und Narrative maßgeblich mitgestaltete.
Exchange Rate Forecasting Using Ensemble Modeling for Better Policy Implications
Authors: Tripathi Manas , Kumar Saurabh , Inani Sarveshwar Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study aims to contribute in the area of foreign exchange forecasting. Exchange rate plays an essential role for the economic policy of a country. Due to the floating exchange rate regime, and ever-changing economic conditions, analysts have observed significant volatility in the exchange rates. However, exchange rate forecasting has been a challenging task before the analysts over the years. Various stakeholders such as the central bank, government, and investors try to maximize the returns and minimize the risk in their decision-making using exchange rate forecasting. The study aims to propose a novel ensemble technique to forecast daily exchange rates for the three most traded currency pairs (EUR/USD, GBP/USD, and JPY/USD). The ensemble technique combines the linear and non-linear time-series forecasting techniques (mean forecast, ARIMA, and neural network) with their most optimal weights. We have taken the data of more than seven years, and the results indicate that the proposed methodology could be an effective technique to forecast better as compared to the component models separately. The study has crucial economic and academic implications. The results derived from this study would be useful for policymakers, regulators, investors, speculators, and arbitrageurs.
An equivalent quasinorm for the Lipschitz space of noncommutative martingales
Authors: Ma Congbian , Ren Yanbo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, an equivalent quasinorm for the Lipschitz space of noncommutative martingales is presented. As an application, we obtain the duality theorem between the noncommutative martingale Hardy space

h

p

c

(
ℳ
)

{h}_{p}^{c}( {\mathcal M} )

(resp.

h

p

r

(
ℳ
)

{h}_{p}^{r}( {\mathcal M} )

) and the Lipschitz space

λ

β

c

(
ℳ
)

{\lambda }_{\beta }^{c}( {\mathcal M} )

(resp.

λ

β

r

(
ℳ
)

{\lambda }_{\beta }^{r}( {\mathcal M} )

) for

0
<
p
<
1

0\lt p\lt 1

,

β
=

1
p

−
1

\beta =\tfrac{1}{p}-1

. We also prove some equivalent quasinorms for

h

p

c

(
ℳ
)

{h}_{p}^{c}( {\mathcal M} )

and

h

p

r

(
ℳ
)

{h}_{p}^{r}( {\mathcal M} )

for

p
=
1

p=1

or

2
<
p
<
∞

2\lt p\lt \infty

.
Instantaneous blow-up of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the fractional Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya equation
Authors: Jleli Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for a second-order nonlinear equation with mixed fractional derivatives related to the fractional Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya equation. We prove the nonexistence of a classical local in time solution. The obtained instantaneous blow-up result is proved via the nonlinear capacity method.
Die DDR als Operations- und Durchmarschgebiet der Vereinten Streitkräfte auf dem Westlichen Kriegsschauplatz
Authors: Diedrich Torsten 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
In den Warschauer-Pakt-Staaten wurde die Mobilmachung als die bereits im Frieden notwendige Vorbereitung auf einen »imperialistischen Überfall« und dabei als gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe deklariert. Die DDR war mit ihrer geografischen Lage an der Nahtstelle der beiden Blöcke in besonderem Maße betroffen. Sie hatte die Aufgabe, ihr Territorium für die Offensivstrategie der Vereinten Streitkräfte des Paktes vorzubereiten und deren Kampfhandlungen und Bewegungen ökonomisch, logistisch und medizinisch sicherzustellen. Die von der Sowjetunion geforderte operative Vorbereitung machte das kleine Land zum weltweit größten militärischen Aufmarsch-, Sammel- und Konzentrierungsraum seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Das führte auch zu einer ständig vorangetriebenen Militarisierung der DDR-Gesellschaft, die zugleich zum Instrument der Herrschaftssicherung der SED-Diktatur wurde.
Dänemarks Vorbereitungen auf einen möglichen heißen Krieg im Kalten Krieg
Authors: Wegener Friis Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Während des Kalten Krieges existierte weithin ein stabiles Kriegsszenario im Ostseeraum. Vereinte westdeutsch-dänische Land-, Luft-, und Seestreitkräfte würden die Ostseeausgänge vor einem sowjetischen, polnischen, ostdeutschen Angriff verteidigen. Die Streitkräfte der sozialistischen Ostseestaaten würden auf der Kimbrischen Halbinsel vorstoßen sowie Landungskräfte gegen die dänischen Inseln einsetzen und damit die Flanken der Hauptoffensive in Zentraleuropa abdecken und die Sowjetische Ostseeflotte würde den Sprung in die Nordsee ermöglichen. Auf Basis genau dieser Annahme führten beide Seiten im Ost-West-Konflikt über Jahrzehnte ihre militärischen Übungen durch. Umso wichtiger gestalteten sich die Vorbereitungen, die bereits zu Friedenszeiten ergriffen werden konnten. Dieser Artikel fokussiert vor allem auf die westliche Seite und ihre Verteidigung des dänischen Raumes. Besondere Berücksichtigung finden dabei die folgenden Faktoren: Verstärkungen, Ausbau militärischer Strukturen, nachrichtendienstliche Tätigkeit, Kernwaffen und Zivilverteidigung.
Omnia in melius reformantur: Handelten römische Kaiser zukunftsorientiert?
Authors: Meyer-Zwiffelhoffer Eckhard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper seeks to examine whether Roman emperors legitimized their political actions with a view towards the future achievement of social and political order. The heuristic point of departure is Koselleck’s concept of ‚futures past‘ (vergangene Zukunft) which has been widely discussed in early modern and medieval research while its applicability to prechristian antiquity is still unexplored. The example of the so-called reforms of Augustus and Diocletian reveals that even in response to severe crises in the Roman Empire the emperors did not command any ideas of order in alternative to prevailing conditions. Neither did they have any ‚master plan‘ of coordinated reforms, but reacted in a situational manner with improvements of administrative practice which were mainly aimed at consolidating their power and authority. All ‚reforms‘ were pronounced retrotopically as a return to better days (restitutio) or as a preservation (conservatio) of ‚happier times‘ (felicitas temporum). Looking at the monarchical discourse of power and the messages exchanged in various media between the emperor and his subjects, it is evident that the dominant time regime of imperial chronopolitics lay in a ‚presentism‘ which extended the present, as ‚eutopia‘, into eternity and glorified it as a golden age, whereas the future was only envisaged in dynastic terms. The horizon of expectations of both the emperor and his subjects was restricted to present-day provision. Only Christians were able to imagine a worldly and transcendent horizon of the future. The political success and duration of the Roman Empire left no room for alternative horizons of possibilities, which also explains why the Roman Empire – in contrast to the Greek world – had no notion of utopia.
Klassizistisch oder innovativ? Zur Rechtsprechung von Diokletians Reskriptenkanzlei
Authors: Harke Jan Dirk 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Modern research has established the prejudice that Diocletian focused on defending Roman law against the influence of primitive legal concepts of non-Roman origin and aimed to protect classical law from any kind of change. This is based, on the one hand, on circular textual criticism, which declared all innovations in the jurisprudence of Diocletian’s chancellery to be the result of later alterations of the primary texts, and, on the other hand, on the assumption that the parties to a dispute confronted the emperor directly with their own legal ideas, even though they knew that he judged only according to Roman law. An unbiased examination of Diocletian’s decisions on the law of obligations reveals a completely different picture: The rulings by which Diocletian’s chancellery purportedly reacted to popular legal ideas can almost always be explained by misunderstandings which stem from the concepts of classical Roman law itself. And once liberated from the exaggerated textual criticism of the 20th century, one can identify a variety of innovations that are more in keeping with Diocletian’s character than the obstinate conservatism that is commonly attributed to him in legal matters.
Media Bias: A Corpus-based Linguistic Analysis of Online Iranian Coverage of the Syrian Revolution
Authors: Al-Gamde Amaal , Tenbrink Thora 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study explores the influence of a government’s ideology on linguistic representation in a news agency that characterizes itself as independent. It focuses on the coverage of the Syrian civil war as reported by the Iranian news agency Fars, addressing the discursive constructions of anti-government powers in relevant online reports released between 2013 and 2015. Since the Islamic Republic of Iran was a major regional ally of the Syrian government, we questioned the extent to which ideological independence could be expected during a politically critical time frame. Taking a corpus-based linguistic approach, the study explores the semantic macrostructures representing the opposition as well as the lexical clusters and keywords characterizing the news discourse. The findings indicate that Fars’ representation of the Syrian Revolution was, to some extent, biased, despite its claimed independence of the government’s political stance. It excluded the Sunni social actors, suppressed the Islamic faction identity of the rebels and depicted the uprising as a war against foreign-backed militants. The rebels were stereotyped in terms of terrorism and non-Syrians. In addition, the analysis reveals Fars’ tendency to emphasize the power of the government, depicting it as the defender of the Arab land and foregrounding the discourse of international conspiracy against Syria. The results of this work project the dimension of media bias caused by the underpinning political perspective of media institutions.
Existence and uniqueness of the solutions of forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equations with Poisson jumps
Authors: Al-Hussein AbdulRahman , Gherbal Boulakhras 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper addresses a system of nonlinear fully coupled forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equations with Poisson jumps. These equations are allowed to live in Euclidean spaces of different dimensions, and the system is Markovian in the sense that the terminal value of the backward equation depends on the terminal value of the solution of the forward one. Under some monotonicity conditions we establish the existence and uniqueness of strong solutions of such equations by using a continuation method.
Malliavin calculus used to derive a stochastic maximum principle for system driven by fractional Brownian and standard Wiener motions with application
Authors: Bouaziz Tayeb , Chala Adel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We consider a stochastic control problem in the case where the set of the control
domain is convex, and the system is governed by fractional Brownian motion with
Hurst parameter

H
∈

(

1
2

,
1
)

{H\in(\frac{1}{2},1)}

and standard Wiener
motion. The criterion to be minimized is in the general form, with initial
cost. We derive a stochastic maximum principle of optimality by using two famous
approaches. The first one is the Doss–Sussmann transformation and the second one is the
Malliavin derivative.
Decoding of facial expressions of pain in avatars: does sex matter?
Authors: Meister Eleonora , Horn-Hofmann Claudia , Kunz Miriam , Krumhuber Eva G. , Lautenbacher Stefan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The decoding of facial expressions of pain plays a crucial role in pain diagnostic and clinical decision making. For decoding studies, it is necessary to present facial expressions of pain in a flexible and controllable fashion. Computer models (avatars) of human facial expressions of pain allow for systematically manipulating specific facial features. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether avatars can show realistic facial expressions of pain and how the sex of the avatars influence the decoding of pain by human observers.

Methods
For that purpose, 40 female (mean age: 23.9 years) and 40 male (mean age: 24.6 years) observers watched 80 short videos showing computer-generated avatars, who presented the five clusters of facial expressions of pain (four active and one stoic cluster) identified by Kunz and Lautenbacher (2014). After each clip, observers were asked to provide ratings for the intensity of pain the avatars seem to experience and the certainty of judgement, i.e. if the shown expression truly represents pain.

Results
Results show that three of the four active facial clusters were similarly accepted as valid expressions of pain by the observers whereas only one cluster (“raised eyebrows”) was disregarded. The sex of the observed avatars influenced the decoding of pain as indicated by increased intensity and elevated certainty ratings for female avatars.

Conclusions
The assumption of different valid facial expressions of pain could be corroborated in avatars, which contradicts the idea of only one uniform pain face. The observers’ rating of the avatars’ pain was influenced by the avatars’ sex, which resembles known observer biases for humans. The use of avatars appeared to be a suitable method in research on the decoding of the facial expression of pain, mirroring closely the known forms of human facial expressions.
Do intensity of pain alone or combined with pain duration best reflect clinical signs in the neck, shoulder and upper limb?
Authors: Veiersted Kaj Bo , Hanvold Therese N. , Lunde Lars-Kristian , Koch Markus , Knardahl Stein , Wærsted Morten 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
It is important to validate self-reported musculoskeletal pain used in epidemiological studies for evaluation of pain outcome measures. The main objective of this paper was to assess the association between self-reported neck/shoulder/upper limb pain and clinical signs of disorders in the region, especially by comparing a measure that only used pain intensity with a measure that combined pain intensity and pain duration.

Methods
Four hundred and twenty technical school students of both genders were included with a median age of 17 years (16–28). The students stated the pain in four intensity grades and the pain duration in four period lengths within the preceding four weeks period. A pain severity index was calculated by multiplying the pain intensity (0–3) and the duration (1–4). A clinical examination was performed within a week after completing the form. The associations were evaluated by agreement, correlation and symmetric strength of association (contingency).

Results
The study found low correlation and low positive agreement for neck/shoulder and upper limb pain related to clinical signs of disorders in the region. However, the relationship showed high negative agreement and high contingency. The negative agreement increased for the neck/shoulder region with higher cut-off points for dichotomization, but not for the upper limb region. The index combining reports of pain intensity with pain duration, do not improve agreement, correlation or contingency with clinical signs compared to use of pain intensity alone.

Conclusions
This study showed an association between self-reported neck/shoulder/upper limb pain intensity and clinical signs of musculoskeletal disorders of the region. An index combining pain intensity and duration (Pain Severity Index) did not increase this association. From the results we suggest using pain intensity reports alone and if dichotomizing is wanted, choosing a cut-off point at high pain levels, especially for neck and shoulder pain.
Some comments on enzyme kinetics studies
Authors: Acan N. Leyla 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Molecular and kinetic characterizations of the enzymes that lead to the identification of the biochemical reactions constitute an important area of biochemistry. In kinetic studies, kinetic constants and reaction mechanisms are investigated. These studies may lead to novel drug design. Correct results require a precise study and sufficient knowledge. Here, I try to point out some aspects of the enzyme kinetics studies I noted when I had been assigned as a reviewer for several journals. I hope these suggestions may be helpful to the researchers in their future work.