bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buckling analysis of rectangular thin plates with two opposite edges free and others rotationally restrained by finite Fourier integral transform method
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Lu Jiale , Ullah Salamat , Gao Yuanyuan , Zhao Dahai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the classical buckling problem of rectangular thin plates with two opposite edges free and others rotationally restrained by the finite Fourier integral transform method. The rotationally restrained edges are typically practical boundary conditions in many engineering structures, such as bridge decks. However, these non‐classic edges bring mathematical difficulties in solving boundary value problems of governing partial differential equations of plate. Based on the integral transform theory, the title problem is transformed into solving regular linear algebraic simultaneous equations, which provides a more rational and theoretical solution process than traditional inverse/semi‐inverse approaches. The acquired comprehensive results of critical buckling load factors and mode shapes are in excellent agreement with the ones obtained by finite element method, which verifies the validity and accuracy of the present approach. In addition, classical boundary conditions, such as simply supported and clamped edges, can be investigated by choosing different rotational fixity factors. Furthermore, the features of the employed method that no preselection of trial function and the generality for various boundary conditions enable one to analytically solve static problems for moderately thick plates and thick plates.
Selective autophagy as a therapeutic target for neurological diseases
Authors: Xu Weilin , Ocak Umut , Gao Liansheng , Tu Sheng , Lenahan Cameron J. , Zhang Jianmin , Shao Anwen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe neurological diseases primarily include acute injuries, chronic neurodegeneration, and others (e.g., infectious diseases of the central nervous system). Autophagy is a housekeeping process responsible for the bulk degradation of misfolded protein aggregates and damaged organelles through the lysosomal machinery. Recent studies have suggested that autophagy, particularly selective autophagy, such as mitophagy, pexophagy, ER-phagy, ribophagy, lipophagy, etc., is closely implicated in neurological diseases. These forms of selective autophagy are controlled by a group of important proteins, including PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, p62, optineurin (OPTN), neighbor of BRCA1 gene 1 (NBR1), and nuclear fragile X mental retardation-interacting protein 1 (NUFIP1). This review highlights the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of different types of selective autophagy, and their implications in various forms of neurological diseases.
Echokardiographieuntersuchungen in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Lichtenauer Michael , Prinz Erika , Granitz Christina , Wernly Bernhard , Daburger Apollonia , Hoppe Uta C. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit Dezember 2019 hat sich das neuartige Coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 („severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“), das die Erkrankung COVID-19 („coronavirus disease 2019“) auslöst, mit rasanter Geschwindigkeit über die gesamte Welt ausgebreitet. Ausgehend von der chinesischen Provinz Hubei, wurden mittlerweile 29,4 Mio. Menschen weltweit infiziert, und es sind mehr als 930.000 an den Folgen der Erkrankung gestorben (Stand 15.09.2020). Das Virus verbreitet sich durch Tröpfcheninfektion sowie über Aerosole. Enger Körperkontakt stellt daher ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für eine Übertragung dar. Insbesondere bei Untersuchungen mit engem Körperkontakt sollten daher zum Schutz nicht nur der Patienten, sondern auch des medizinischen Personals Maßnahmen ergriffen werden. In diesem Artikel werden die aktuellen Empfehlungen von internationalen Fachgesellschaften zur Verwendung von persönlicher Schutzausrüstung sowie ihre lokale Implementierung dargestellt.
Ingestion and elimination of anthropogenic fibres and microplastic fragments by the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) of the NW Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Capone Alessandro , Petrillo Mario , Misic Cristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study analysed the anthropogenic microparticles in the stomach content of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean). The results showed that 30–40% of the anchovies had ingested anthropogenic microparticles (on average, 0.34 ± 0.29 fibres ind−1 and 0.12 ± 0.12 fragments ind−1). The fibres were probably ingested via filtration, and were significantly correlated with the gut fullness. Fibres were mostly dark, but the presence of other colours was frequent, indicating a general lack of selectivity. Plastic fragments composed of polyethylene and polypropylene were prevalently transparent, suggesting active predation, especially for larger fragments resembling zooplankton. No significant differences were recorded for the frequency of fish containing particles among females, males, and undetermined individuals. The presence of, generally, only one anthropogenic item per fish, as observed for 95.8% of fish containing microparticles, indicated that the permanence of these particles in the stomachs was short, likely no more than 1 day, although it could also depend on low environmental concentrations. The evaluation of the intestinal lumen indicated that a portion of the plastic fragments found in the stomach could not be ejected. Hard fragments that were larger than the intestinal lumen could be held for longer times, but probably regurgitation, fragmentation, and embedding in a biological matrix may facilitate their quick elimination. It is pivotal to understand the processes that regulate the abundance and the residential time of anthropogenic particles in commercial organisms captured for human nutrition, given the potential biomagnification of toxic substances carried by ingested particles.
Consultation on kidney stones, Copenhagen 2019: aspects of intracorporeal lithotripsy in flexible ureterorenoscopy
Authors: Lildal Søren Kissow , Andreassen Kim Hovgaard , Baard Joyce , Brehmer Marianne , Bultitude Matthew , Eriksson Ylva , Ghani Khurshid R. , Jung Helene , Kamphuis Guido , Kronenberg Peter , Turney Ben , Traxer Olivier , Ulvik Øyvind , Osther Palle Jörn Sloth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To summarize current knowledge on intracorporeal laser lithotripsy in flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS), regarding basics of laser lithotripsy, technical aspects, stone clearance, lithotripsy strategies, laser technologies, endoscopes, and safety.

Methods
A scoping review approach was applied to search literature in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Consensus was reached through discussions at the Consultation on Kidney Stones held in September 2019 in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Results and conclusions
Lasers are widely used for lithotripsy during fURS. The Holmium laser is still the predominant technology, and specific settings for dusting and fragmenting have evolved, which has expanded the role of fURS in stone management. Pulse modulation can increase stone ablation efficacy, possibly by minimizing stone retropulsion. Thulium fibre laser was recently introduced, and this technology may improve laser lithotripsy efficiency. Small fibres give better irrigation, accessibility, and efficiency. To achieve optimal results, laser settings should be adjusted for the individual stone. There is no consensus whether the fragmentation and basketing strategy is preferable to the dusting strategy for increasing stone-free rate. On the contrary, different stone scenarios call for different lithotripsy approaches. Furthermore, for large stone burdens, all laser settings and lithotripsy strategies must be applied to achieve optimal results. Technology for removing dust from the kidney should be in focus in future research and development. Safety concerns about fURS laser lithotripsy include high intrarenal pressures and temperatures, and measures to reduce both those aspects must be taken to avoid complications. Technology to control these parameters should be targeted in further studies.
Achieving the critical view of safety in the difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study of predictors of failure
Authors: Nassar Ahmad H. M. , Ng Hwei J. , Wysocki Arkadiusz Peter , Khan Khurram Shahzad , Gil Ines C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Bile duct injury rates for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remain higher than during open cholecystectomy. The “culture of safety” concept is based on demonstrating the critical view of safety (CVS) and/or correctly interpreting intraoperative cholangiography (IOC). However, the CVS may not always be achievable due to difficult anatomy or pathology. Safety may be enhanced if surgeons assess difficulties objectively, recognise instances where a CVS is unachievable and be familiar with recovery strategies.

Aims and methods
A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the achievability of the CVS during all consecutive LC performed over four years. The primary aim was to study the association between the inability to obtain the CVS and an objective measure of operative difficulty. The secondary aim was to identify preoperative and operative predictors indicating the use of alternate strategies to complete the operation safely.

Results
The study included 1060 consecutive LC. The median age was 53 years, male to female ratio was 1:2.1 and 54.9% were emergency admissions. CVS was obtained in 84.2%, the majority being difficulty grade I or II (70.7%). Displaying the CVS failed in 167 LC (15.8%): including 55.6% of all difficulty grade IV LC and 92.3% of difficulty grade V. There were no biliary injuries or conversions.

Conclusion
All three components of the critical view of safety could not be demonstrated in one out of 6 consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Preoperative factors and operative difficulty grading can predict cases where the CVS may not be achievable. Adapting instrument selection and alternate dissection strategies would then need to be considered.
Elevated plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide levels are associated with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Liu Weiming , Wang Chunmin , Xia Yu , Xia Wei , Liu Gaoqin , Ren Chi , Gu Yu , Li Xin , Lu Peirong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aims
To determine the relationship between plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and odds of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted. Blood samples were obtained from 122 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without DR. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association between plasma TMAO and DR. The diagnostic value of plasma TMAO was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results
In the T2DM patients, plasma levels of TMAO were significantly higher in patients with DR compared with those without DR (P = 0.001). As logarithmic (ln) transformation of TMAO increased per standard deviation (SD), there was higher probability to have DR [odds ratio (OR) = 2.31; P = 0.005]. As ln-transformed TMAO increased per SD, the severity of DR was more likely to get worse (OR = 2.05; P = 0.004). In the diagnostic model, the addition of TMAO contributed to the improvement in AUROC from 0.646 to 0.734 (P = 0.043), and the IDI was 10.7% (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Elevated levels of plasma TMAO were associated with higher odds and worse severity of DR in T2DM patients, and further investigation is required for the causality of this association.
Dealing with time in the multiple traveling salespersons problem with moving targets
Authors: Stieber Anke , Fügenschuh Armin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe multiple traveling salespersons problem with moving targets is a generalization of the classical traveling salespersons problem, where the targets (nodes or objects) are moving over time. Additionally, for each target a visibility time window is given. The task is to find routes for several salespersons so that each target is reached exactly once within its visibility time window and the sum of all traveled distances of all salespersons is minimal. We present different modeling formulations for this TSP variant. The time requirements are modeled differently in each approach. Our goal is to examine what formulation is most suitable in terms of runtime to solve the multiple traveling salespersons problem with moving targets with exact methods. Computational experiments are carried out on randomly generated test instances to compare the different modeling approaches. The results for large-scale instances show, that the best way to model time requirements is to directly insert them into a formulation with discrete time steps.
The Biodiversity Promotion Areas: effectiveness of agricultural direct payments on plant diversity conservation in the semi-natural grasslands of the Southern Swiss Alps
Authors: Ravetto Enri Simone , Nucera Emiliano , Lonati Michele , Alberto Pier Francesco , Probo Massimiliano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn agro-environmental payment for the management of the so-called ‘Biodiversity Promotion Areas’ (BPA) has been used to accomplish biodiversity conservation goals in Switzerland. These areas have been managed according to specific limitations on mowing dates and fertilizers. We assessed the regional-scale effectiveness of BPA implementation within Ticino Canton by answering the following questions: (i) is plant species diversity higher in BPA than in conventionally managed grasslands (CMG)? (ii) which are the differences between BPA and CMG in terms of climatic, topographical, ecological, and vegetation variables? (iii) which vegetation types, functional groups, and plant species are specifically related to BPA? A total of 242 vegetation surveys (64 in BPA and 178 in CMG, respectively) was carried out in 55 farms and the main climatic and topographic features were assessed. Differences in terms of plant diversity, ecological indicator and pastoral values, species functional groups, vegetation types, and indicator species between BPA and CMG were assessed. The BPA harboured a higher plant diversity. They were located in steeper areas, at higher elevations, and characterised by lower soil nutrient content, mowing tolerance, and pastoral value than CMG. Dry meadow species number and cover were higher in BPA, while nutrient-rich meadow species number was higher in CMG. The species associated to BPA belonged to a wider range of functional groups and 38% of them belonged to the national list for biodiversity promotion in agriculture, whereas no species associated to CMG belonged to that list. Thus, our results confirmed the effectiveness of BPA for biodiversity conservation for the Southern Swiss Alps.
Transparency, asymmetric information and cooperation
Authors: Lotito Gianna , Migheli Matteo , Ortona Guido 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe inquire experimentally whether asymmetric information in competitive settings and competition per se influence individual social behaviour. Participants perform a task and are remunerated according to two schemes, a non-competitive and a competitive one, then they play a standard public goods game. In the first scheme participants earn a flat remuneration, in the other they are ranked according to their performance and remunerated accordingly. Information about ranking and income before the game is played varies across three different treatments. We find that competition per se does not affect the amount of contribution. The time spent to choose how much to contribute is negatively correlated with the decision of cooperating fully. The main result is that full information about the relative performance in the competitive environment enhances the cooperation, while partial information reduces it.
A critique of the Capability Approach’s potential for application to career guidance
Authors: Egdell Valerie , Robertson Peter J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, we provide a balanced critique of Sen’s Capability Approach (CA) with reference to its potential to inform career guidance theory and practice. There are varying understandings and interpretations of the CA. Some see capabilities as universal, whilst others favour a more relativist view. The CA is also vulnerable to misunderstanding. Critiques based on misunderstanding are easily dismissed, so our focus is on substantive conceptual and practical critiques. Three main challenges are explored: conceptual debates about the nature of freedom and justice; limitations arising from the disciplinary origins of the CA; and challenges in operationalising the CA.
Optimal Sensors Placement in Dynamic Damage Detection of Beams Using a Statistical Approach
Authors: Lofrano Egidio , Pingaro Marco , Trovalusci Patrizia , Paolone Achille 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStructural monitoring plays a central role in civil engineering; in particular, optimal sensor positioning is essential for correct monitoring both in terms of usable data and for optimizing the cost of the setup sensors. In this context, we focus our attention on the identification of the dynamic response of beam-like structures with uncertain damages. In particular, the non-localized damage is described using a Gaussian distributed random damage parameter. Furthermore, a procedure for selecting an optimal number of sensor placements has been presented based on the comparison among the probability of damage occurrence and the probability to detect the damage, where the former can be evaluated from the known distribution of the random parameter, whereas the latter is evaluated exploiting the closed-form asymptotic solution provided by a perturbation approach. The presented case study shows the capability and reliability of the proposed procedure for detecting the minimum number of sensors such that the monitoring accuracy (estimated by an error function measuring the differences among the two probabilities) is not greater than a control small value.
Frege and saving substitution
Authors: Pickel Bryan , Rabern Brian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGoodman and Lederman (Philos Stud 177(4):947–952, 2020) argue that the traditional Fregean strategy for preserving the validity of Leibniz’s Law of substitution fails when confronted with apparent counterexamples involving proper names embedded under propositional attitude verbs. We argue, on the contrary, that the Fregean strategy succeeds and that Goodman and Lederman’s argument misfires.
Treatment of laundry wastewater by solar photo-Fenton process at pilot plant scale
Authors: Esteban García Ana Belén , Szymański Kacper , Mozia Sylwia , Sánchez Pérez José Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLaundry sector consumes a huge amount of water which is usually discharged as wastewater instead of being reused. The application of biological treatment of laundry wastewater coupled with post-treatment utilizing advanced oxidation processes creates a possibility to recycle water to the washing process. However, the investigations on such systems are very limited. In the present work, a novel approach of post-treatment of laundry wastewater utilizing solar photo-Fenton operated at a pilot scale in a compound parabolic collector (CPC) photoreactor is proposed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a representative of surfactants applied in the laundry system. The effect of feed matrix was investigated using distilled water as a reference matrix and synthetic wastewater simulating the composition of biologically pre-treated laundry wastewater. Different concentrations of H2O2 (50–400 mg/L) and ferrous iron (2.75–10 mg/L) were assayed. For comparison purpose, experiments at neutral pH using ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid (EDDS) as an iron complexing agent were carried out. A high SDS removal efficiency was obtained under both neutral and acidic pH, reaching 89% and 96%, respectively, in just 8 min. However, the remaining organic load originating from EDDS needs application of further post-treatment steps. Therefore, the solar photo-Fenton operated under acidic pH was found to be a more promising approach of post-treatment of laundry wastewater aimed at its reuse.
Maritime Narratives of Prehistoric Cyprus: Seafaring as Everyday Practice
Authors: Knapp A. Bernard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper considers the role of seafaring as an important aspect of everyday life in the communities of prehistoric Cyprus. The maritime capabilities developed by early seafarers enabled them to explore new lands and seas, tap new marine resources and make use of accessible coastal sites. Over the long term, the core activities of seafaring revolved around the exploitation of marine and coastal resources, the mobility of people and the transport and exchange of goods. On Cyprus, although we lack direct material evidence (e.g. shipwrecks, ship representations) before about 2000 BC, there is no question that beginning at least by the eleventh millennium Cal BC (Late Epipalaeolithic), early seafarers sailed between the nearby mainland and Cyprus, in all likelihood several times per year. In the long stretch of time—some 4000 years—between the Late Aceramic Neolithic and the onset of the Late Chalcolithic (ca. 6800–2700 Cal BC), most archaeologists passively accept the notion that the inhabitants of Cyprus turned their backs to the sea. In contrast, this study entertains the likelihood that Cyprus was never truly isolated from the sea, and considers maritime-related materials and practices during each era from the eleventh to the early second millennium Cal BC. In concluding, I present a broader picture of everything from rural anchorages to those invisible maritime behaviours that may help us better to understand seafaring as an everyday practice on Cyprus.
Are Compounds Membrane-Associated or Present in the Cytosol? A Study Using Polyphenols in a Colon Carcinoma Cell Line Model
Authors: Deusser Hannah , Groh Isabel , Bakuradze Tamara , Simson Nadine , Kaiser Eva , Barth Holger , Richling Elke 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We investigated the cytosolic and membrane-associated contents of polyphenols after 4 hours of incubation (50 μM of each polyphenol) in the colon carcinoma cell line T84 using a novel, rapid, and convenient method based on permeabilization of the cell membrane using digitonin. The colon carcinoma cell line was used to investigate the intestinal uptake of polyphenols present in apple products.

Recent Findings
The results showed that hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic and 5-caffeoylquinic acid) were only detected in the cytosolic fractions. In contrast, 0.3 to 8.2% of the initial concentrations (50 μM) of the flavonoids phloretin, quercetin, phloretin 2′-O-glucoside, and quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside were found in the membrane-associated fractions. In the cytosolic fractions, 0.2–2.9% of these compounds were detected, corresponding to 25 to 40% of the total cell-associated (cytosolic plus membrane-associated fractions) polyphenol content.

Summary
Our results showed that after uptake, polyphenols were present in the cytosolic fraction of the cells as well as associated with the cell membrane. The presented method provides a useful in vitro tool for determining biologically active compounds in cellular fractions.