bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Financial Conflicts of Interest Among Physician‐Authors of American College of Rheumatology Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Wayant Cole , Walters Corbin , Zaaza Zachary , Gilstrap Carrie , Combs Tyler , Crow Hanna , Vassar Matt 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) underpin patient care, and ideally authors of these guidelines would be free from outside influence. However, it has been shown many times that authors of professional society CPGs receive large sums of money from industry drug companies, creating financial conflicts of interest. This study investigated industry payments catalogued in the Open Payments Database (OPD) that have been received by authors of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) CPGs.MethodsGuidelines on the ACR web site that were published during or after August 2014 were used to retrieve the list of authors. All general, research, associated research, and ownership payments reported on the OPD between the date of publication of the CPG and 12 months prior were extracted in a parallel and blinded manner by 2 investigators.ResultsOf the 89 US‐based physician‐authors from the 5 ACR CPGs identified within the study timeframe, 56 (62.9%) had received at least 1 payment according to OPD records. These 56 authors had received a median of $522 (interquartile range $119–2,500), which, combined, was a total of $9,728,751. Nineteen authors had received at least 1 industry payment relevant to the CPG recommendations, for a median amount of $748 and a total of $1,961,362 in relevant payments. Of the total relevant payments received, a significant proportion was undisclosed (for ACR CPGs during or after August 2014, undisclosed payments were $699,561, or 35.7% of the total).ConclusionFewer than one‐half of the US‐based physician‐authors of ACR CPGs during or after August 2014 had received guideline‐relevant industry payments. Nonetheless, a substantial proportion of the money received was not disclosed. Conflict of interest disclosure is a bare minimum requirement, and more permanent solutions may include divestiture or inclusion of more nonconflicted authors.
Enhanced lactic acid production by Bacillus coagulans through simultaneous saccharification, biodetoxification, and fermentation
Authors: Liu Jiantong , Cai Yuyuan , Liu Ling , Zhan Rui , Zhao Shumiao , Liang Yuxiang , Peng Nan , Zhu Jing , Li Hong , Xiao Naidong , Hu Jinglong , He Mingxiong , Hu Guoquan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAgricultural straw is abundant worldwide, but efficient production of lactic acid from straw is still challenging. In this paper, Trichoderma viride R16 was cultivated using corncob as the substrate in a fed‐batch process, after which the enzymes from T. viride R16 broth were analyzed through protein mass spectrometry and used for lactic acid production. Dioxygenase activity was found in the T. viride R16 enzymes, and 0.2 g/L phenolics (vanillin, 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, syringaldehyde) was degraded during enzyme production. Lactic acid production and yield from NH3‐H2O2 pretreated and washed corncob were increased by more than 24% and total phenolics was significantly lower using T. viride R16 enzymes compared with commercial enzymes in batch and fed‐batch fermentation. These characteristics of T. viride R16 support industrial applications with efficient in situ detoxification of phenolic inhibitors without adding an extra step during lactic acid production from pretreated agricultural straw using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Percutaneous endoluminal anatomical bypass for patients with external iliac artery occlusion after failed conventional endovascular recanalization
Authors: Nakama Tatsuya , Obunai Kotaro , Muraishi Makio , Watanabe Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndovascular therapy, an established first‐line treatment for isolated iliac artery (IA) occlusion (IAO), may be of limited use in challenging lesions. We describe a novel percutaneous endoluminal anatomical bypass (PEApass) technique for uncrossable external IA (EIA) occlusion. A 70‐year‐old man on hemodialysis with a history of colostomy presented with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia due to a left EIA with below‐the‐knee occlusions. During a previous colostomy, the left EIA was accidentally ligated. Conventional endovascular recanalization for the ligated EIA failed, and a femoral‐femoral bypass and below‐knee angioplasty were performed as alternative therapy. Two weeks later, surgical site infection developed at both anastomosis sites. PEApass was performed prior to removing the infected graft. An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in the distal location was created using a re‐entry device, and its proximal location was created using a 0.014‐in. penetration guidewire, which was snared on the inside of the iliac vein (IV) using a retrograde snare. The proximal and distal sections of the IA were connected using an 8.0‐mm × 100‐mm stent graft implanted through the IV. A final angiogram indicated that flow to the occluded IA was completely restored without complications. Following the PEApass, the infected graft was removed. Complete wound healing was achieved within approximately 1 month. This innovative PEApass procedure is feasible and could be an alternative procedure for patients with uncrossable IAO.
A Facile Grinding Method for the Synthesis of 3D Ag Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Containing Ag6Mo7O24 for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhao Xinyu , Gong Lige , Wang Chunxiao , Wang Chunmei , Yu Kai , Zhou Baibin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSuccessful synthesis of three kinds of dynamically stable compounds by a simple grinding method is reported, giving Ag6Mo7O24, Ag‐BTC (Ag‐MOF, BTC=benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid), and {Ag6Mo7O24}@Ag‐MOF metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). According to the electrochemical dynamic analysis, these materials have pseudocapacitor behavior and high capacitance. The unique nanorod structure of {Ag6Mo7O24}@Ag‐MOF provides more active sites, faster ion/electron transfer, and electrolyte diffusion pathways, resulting in excellent specific capacitance (971 F g−1) higher than the other compounds. {Ag6Mo7O24}@Ag‐MOF (glassy carbon electrode) also has an excellent rate ability (60.1 %) and long cycle stability (98 % retention after 5000 cycles). In addition, the fully symmetrical button battery (with nickel foam as the current collector) fabricated with {Ag6Mo7O24}@Ag‐MOF delivers an energy density of 11.1 Wh kg−1 at 600.1 Wh kg−1 coupled with excellent cycling stability (86.4 %) at 1.2 V. These results demonstrate a new simple grinding method to prepare polyoxometalate‐based metal–organic frameworks (POMOFs) for high‐performance materials.
Solid‐State Dynamics and High‐Pressure Studies of a Supramolecular Spiral Gear
Authors: Fornasari Luca , Olejniczak Anna , Rossi Federica , d'Agostino Simone , Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto , Katrusiak Andrzej , Braga Dario 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe structures and solid‐state dynamics of the supramolecular salts of the general formula [(12‐crown‐4)2⋅DABCOH2](X)2 (where DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, X=BF4, ClO4) have been investigated as a function of temperature (from 100 to 360 K) and pressure (up to 3.4 GPa), through the combination of variable‐temperature and variable‐pressure XRD techniques and variable‐temperature solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The two salts are isomorphous and crystallize in the enantiomeric space groups P3221 and P3121. All building blocks composing the supramolecular complex display dynamic processes at ambient temperature and pressure. It has been demonstrated that the motion of the crown ethers is maintained on lowering the temperature (down to 100 K) or on increasing the pressure (up to 1.5 GPa) thanks to the correlation between neighboring molecules, which mesh and rotate in a concerted manner similar to spiral gears. Above 1.55 GPa, a collapse‐type transition to a lower‐symmetry ordered structure, not attainable at a temperature of 100 K, takes place, proving, thus, that the pressure acts as the means to couple and decouple the gears. The relationship between temperature and pressure effects on molecular motion in the solid state has also been discussed.
Two Rare‐Earth Molecular Ferroelectrics with High Curie Temperatures, Large Spontaneous Polarization, Switchable Second Harmonic Generation Effects, and Strong Photoluminescence
Authors: Yang Kang , Yang Chang‐Shan , Dong Xing‐Xian , Tan Yu‐Hui , Tang Yun‐Zhi , Wei Wen‐Juan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSmart multifunctional molecular ferroelectrics bearing high Curie temperatures and diverse excellent physical properties, such as second harmonic generation (SHG) responses, luminescence, and semiconductivity, among others, have significant applications but have seldom been documented. Herein, the rare‐earth metals Nd and Pr are introduced into a simple molecular system (nBu4N)3[M(NO3)x(SCN)y] (nBu4N=tetrabutyl ammonium, M=rare‐earth metal, nBu=CH3CH2CH2CH2), and two new multifunctional molecular ferroelectrics are obtained: (nBu4N)3[Nd(NO3)4(SCN)2] (1) and (nBu4N)3[Pr(NO3)4(SCN)2] (2). Their distinct heat and dielectric anomaly dependence on temperature verifies that compounds 1 and 2 experience high‐temperature para‐ferroelectric phase transitions at 408 and 413 K, respectively. Strikingly, both molecular ferroelectrics possess large spontaneous polarization with Ps values of 9.05 and 8.50 μC cm−2, respectively, and are further characterized by the appearance of multiple intersecting non‐180° domains and polarization switching behavior. In particular, compounds 1 and 2 show good stability with only a small decrease in SHG intensity after switching cycles, suggesting that they have great potential for application in nonlinear optical (NLO) switches. Simultaneously, the rare‐earth compounds 1 and 2 present bright yellow–red and bright green fluorescence, respectively, at room temperature.
Study on the uniformity of water film in a transpiring wall reactor for supercritical water oxidation
Authors: Zhang Fengming , Ma Jianan , Su Chuangjian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamic model of a transpiring wall reactor for supercritical water oxidation has been built to optimize the uniformity of water film. Results show that the temperature and species distributions at the nozzle outlet deviate from the reactor centre. The inner wall of the porous tube near the transpiring water injection tube displays low temperatures, while high temperatures are recorded far from the injection tube. The circumferential temperature distribution on the inner wall of the porous tube is uneven. This phenomenon is due to the uneven injection of the transpiring water, leading to the uneven protection of the water film and local overheating of the porous wall. The injection velocity of the transpiring water significantly decreases when the number of injection tubes is increased, and the circumferential velocity and temperature distributions on the porous wall gradually become even. Moreover, high pressure drops across the porous wall at low porosities are useful for the uniform injection of the transpiring water. This characteristic is also conducive to obtaining a more uniform water film protection.
Insights into the Photoinduced Isomerization Mechanisms of a N,C–Chelate Organoboron Compound: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Zhu Hong‐Yang , Li Quan‐Song 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs the first discovered organoboron compound with photochromic property, B(ppy)Mes2 (ppy=2‐phenylpyridine, Mes=mesityl) displays rich photochemistry that constitutes a solid foundation for wide applications in optoelectronic fields. In this work, we investigated the B(ppy)Mes2 to borirane isomerization mechanisms in the three lowest electronic states (S0, S1, and T1) based on the complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) and its second‐order perturbation (CASPT2) methods combined with time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. Our results show that the photoisomerization in the S1 state is dominant, which is initiated by the cleavage of the B‐Cppy bond. After overcoming a barrier of 0.5 eV, the reaction pathway leads to a conical intersection between the S1 and S0 states (S1/S0)x, from which the decay path may go back to the reactant B(ppy)Mes2 via a closed‐shell intermediate (Int1‐S0) or to the product borirane via a biradical intermediate (Int2‐S0). Although triplet states are probably involved in the photoinduced process, the possibility of the photoisomerization in T1 state is very small owing to the weakly allowed S1→T1 intersystem crossing and the high energy barrier (0.77 eV). In addition, we found the photoisomerization is thermally reversible, which is consistent with the experimental observations.
Laboratory Maintenance and Growth of Talaromyces marneffei
Authors: Andrianopoulos Alex 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTalaromyces marneffei is an important opportunistic human pathogen endemic to Southeast Asia. It is one of a number of pathogenic fungi that exhibits thermally controlled dimorphism. At 25°C, T. marneffei grows in a multicellular, filamentous hyphal form that can differentiate to produce dormant spores called conidia. These conidia are the likely infectious agent. At 37°C, T. marneffei grows as a uninucleate yeast that divides by fission. The yeast cells are the pathogenic form of this fungus. The protocols described here explain how to grow T. marneffei in the two vegetative growth forms in vitro, grow yeast cells inside mammalian macrophages, produce conidial stocks, and store strains both short and long term. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Growth of the vegetative hyphal form on solid mediumAlternate Protocol 1: Growth of the vegetative hyphal form in liquid suspensionBasic Protocol 2: Growth of the vegetative yeast form on solid mediumAlternate Protocol 2: Growth of the vegetative yeast form in liquid suspensionBasic Protocol 3: Growth for production of dormant conidiaSupport Protocol: Preparation of Miracloth filter tubesBasic Protocol 4: Growth of Talaromyces marneffei in mammalian macrophagesBasic Protocol 5: Storage of Talaromyces marneffei strainsAlternate Protocol 3: Lyophilization of Talaromyces marneffei strains
Association between gastrointestinal complaints and psychopathology in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kessler Ute , Rekkedal Guro Å. , Rø Øyvind , Berentsen Birgitte , Steinsvik Elisabeth K. , Lied Gülen A. , Danielsen Yngvild 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms appear frequently in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), but the associations between psychopathological, GI, and eating disorder (ED) symptoms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationships of GI complaints with psychopathological measures, ED symptoms, and body mass index (BMI) in patients with AN.MethodThirty outpatients with AN aged >16 years were included. Psychopathological measures (Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory), ED symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire), ED‐associated impairment (Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire), GI complaints (Irritable Bowel Syndrome Severity Scoring System [IBS‐SSS]), and BMI were assessed prior to starting treatment, and correlation and multiple regression analyses were applied to data from 19 patients.ResultsIBS‐symptoms were significantly correlated only with ED symptoms (r = 0.583, p = .009) and somatization (r = 0.666, p = .002). Multiple regression analysis revealed that somatization significantly predicted worse IBS symptoms (beta = 0.5, p = .04), while ED symptoms did not.DiscussionHigher IBS‐SSS scores were associated with higher severities of other somatic complaints. GI complaints and somatization should be addressed in treatments for AN in order to prevent these factors impeding the establishment of healthy eating patterns.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02745067.
Seasonal and subtype differences in body mass index at admission in inpatients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Meule Adrian , Schlegl Sandra , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn the general population, body weight is—on average—higher in the winter than in the summer. In patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), however, the opposite pattern has been reported. Yet, only a handful of studies exist to date that suffer from small sample sizes and inconsistent results. Therefore, the current study examined seasonal effects on body weight in a large sample of patients with AN to dissolve previous inconsistencies.MethodClinical records of N = 606 inpatients (95.4% female) who received AN treatment at the Schoen Clinic Roseneck (Prien am Chiemsee, Germany) between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed.ResultsPatients with restrictive type AN had lower body mass index at admission in the winter than in the summer. This difference was not found for patients with binge/purge type AN and patients with atypical AN.DiscussionIndividuals with restrictive type AN show seasonal variations in body weight that are opposite to seasonal variations in body weight in individuals without AN. These seasonal effects are specific to the restrictive subtype and cannot be found for the binge/purge or atypical subtypes. Future studies that replicate this effect in other cultures or latitudes and that examine the mediating mechanisms are needed.
Electrochemical Detection of Alloxan on Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Paramasivam Selvaraj , Raju Chikkili Venkateswara , Hemalatha Sandu , Mathiyarasu Jayaraman , Kumar Shanmugam Senthil 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlloxan is a toxic reagent that strongly induces the diabetes by destroying insulin‐producing β‐cells in the pancreas of living organisms. The reduction product of alloxan is dialuric acid, which is responsible for the intracellular generation of ROS to enhance the stress in living cells to cause kidney disease or diabetic nephropathy. Herein, we studied for the first time the electrochemical properties of alloxan on reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode (rGO/GCE) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7. The obtained results were compared with graphene oxide modified GCE (GO/GCE) and bare GCE surfaces. The modified rGO/GCE showed well defined redox couple with 10 fold increase in both reduction as well as oxidation peak current for alloxan than that of GO/GCE and bare GCE. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique shows the linear increase in both oxidation and reduction peak current of alloxan in the range of 30 μM to 3 mM with LOD of 1.2 μM. An amperometric signal of alloxan is also increases with respect to each addition of 50 μM of alloxan on rGO/GCE at constant potential of −0.05 V. The linear range of alloxan is observed between 50 μM to 750 μM (S/N=3). This kind of rGO/GCE surface is more suitable platform or sensor matrix for estimating unknown concentration of alloxan molecule in the real biological systems.
3Rs‐friendly approach to exogenous metabolic activation that supports high‐throughput genetic toxicology testing
Authors: Tian Shuchang , Cyr Aiyana , Zeise Karen , Bryce Steven M. , Hall Nikki , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Dertinger Stephen D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMultiFlow® DNA Damage—p53, γH2AX, Phospho‐Histone H3 is a miniaturized, flow cytometry‐based assay that provides genotoxic mode of action information by distinguishing clastogens, aneugens, and nongenotoxicants. Work to date has focused on the p53‐competent human cell line TK6. While mammalian cell genotoxicity assays typically supply exogenous metabolic activation in the form of concentrated rat liver S9, this is a less‐than‐ideal approach for several reasons, including 3Rs considerations. Here, we describe our experiences with low concentration S9 and saturating co‐factors which were allowed to remain in contact with cells and test chemicals for 24 continuous hours. We exposed TK6 cells in 96‐well plates to each of 15 reference chemicals over a range of concentrations, both in the presence and absence of 0.25% v/v phenobarbital/β‐naphthoflavone‐induced rat liver S9. After 4 and 24 hr of treatment cell aliquots were added to wells of a microtiter plate containing the working detergent/stain/antibody cocktail. After a brief incubation robotic sampling was employed for walk‐away flow cytometric data acquisition. PROAST benchmark dose (BMD) modeling was used to characterize the resulting dose–response curves. For each of the 8 reference pro‐genotoxicants studied, relative nuclei count, γH2AX, and/or p53 biomarker BMD values were order(s) of magnitude lower for 0.25% S9 conditions compared to 0% S9. Conversely, several of the direct‐acting reference chemicals exhibited appreciably lower cytotoxicity and/or genotoxicity BMD values in the presence of S9 (eg, resorcinol). These results prove the efficacy of the low concentration S9 system, and indicate that an efficient and highly scalable multiplexed assay can effectively identify chemicals that require bioactivation to exert their genotoxic effects.
Implementation and performance evaluation of an inertial navigation system/global navigation satellite system real‐time kinematic Ntrip navigation system aided by a robot operating system‐based emulated odometer for high‐accuracy land vehicle navigation in urban environments
Authors: Galdames Jorge P. M. , Milhor Carlos E. , Magalhães Daniel V. , Caurin Glauco A. P. , Becker Marcelo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdvanced land‐vehicle navigation commonly uses integrated systems to counteract global navigation satellite system (GNSS) solution degradation. This occurs mainly in urban environments due to blockage of the satellite signals. This paper presents a loosely coupled inertial navigation system/GNSS navigation system that combines an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) device with a dual‐frequency dual‐antenna GNSS heading receiver. The integrated navigation system is aided by a low‐cost odometer which replaces external wheel speed sensors usually installed in autonomous vehicles. The proposed odometer extracts the anti‐lock braking system‐generated pulses of rear wheels from vehicle controller area network messages. Following, it converts them into software‐generated signal pulses which are sent to the AHRS device through the serial port. The system platform uses a mobile internet data link to get differential GNSS corrections in real‐time from a public Ntrip—networked transport of Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services via internet protocol—broadcaster in order to allow the GNSS receiver to operate in differential global positioning system/real‐time kinematic (RTK) modes. Thus, the integrated navigation system provides centimeter‐level positioning accuracy at 100 Hz. Since the positioning accuracy is severely affected by numerous factors, this work proposes a replicated 24 full factorial design with the purpose of evaluating the in‐field obtained positioning performance under different factors combinations. The experimental design chosen allows to know under which conditions it is feasible to replace the available GNSS velocity by the proposed odometry solution, when they are used as navigation aids, and knowing that the proposed odometry has a low resolution. The analysis of 32‐runs factorial design results, using a significance level of .05, demonstrated that the proposed odometry can overcome GNSS/RTK velocity.