bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in movement behavior of alligators after a major hurricane
Authors: Strickland Bradley A. , Gastrich Kirk , Mazzotti Frank J. , Massie Jordan A. , Paz Valeria , Viadero Natasha , Rehage Jennifer S. , Heithaus Michael R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHurricanes can have catastrophic effects on coastal ecosystems. To minimize negative impacts of storms, animals may seek shelter in place, move to a nearby refuge, or evacuate long-distances. Crocodilians can be important predators in estuarine habitats, but little is known about how they respond to extreme weather events. We investigated the movement behaviors of eight acoustically tracked American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) before, during, and after Hurricane Irma in 2017 within the Shark River Estuary of Everglades National Park, USA. Using tracking data, we compared their movements and habitat use before and after the hurricane to similar timeframes in other years without major storms.ResultsWe observed considerable variation in movement tactics and responses to the hurricane. Of eight animals that we tracked, two showed no changes in movement or habitat use throughout the study. Two animals ceased upstream excursions that they were regularly making before the hurricane with one of these animals reducing the distance ranged across the river system. Another animal moved upstream from the lower river to the mid-estuary immediately after the hurricane despite having not done this in the 60 days prior. Two other animals moved from the marsh and mangrove forest habitats to river channels several days after the hurricane. One animal shifted to commuting downstream from its upstream habitat shortly before the storm and continued this behavior for the rest of the 2017 and 2018 wet seasons.ConclusionsWe found considerable variability in behavioral responses to the hurricane, ranging from no discernable changes in movements to one animal exhibiting a complete shift in movement tactics not observed by any animal in the long-term tracking of this population. Our research provides insight into alligator movement behavior and ecology in the context of a major hurricane disturbance.
Can drug-induced sleep endoscopy improve the success rates of tongue base surgery?
Authors: Ha Jong-Gyun , Lee Youngwoo , Nam Jae Sung , Park Jeong Jin , Yoon Joo-Heon , Kim Chang-Hoon , Cho Hyung-Ju 
Published: February 2020

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic value of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) by comparing the outcomes of tongue base surgery based on Muller's maneuver (MM) and those based on DISE in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods Ninety-five patients who underwent the tongue base surgery in combination with palatal surgery for OSA at a tertiary referral hospital between March 2012 and March 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective comparative study. Forty-seven patients underwent MM for surgical decision and 48 patients underwent DISE in addition to MM for surgical decision. Surgical success was defined according to the Sher criteria (postoperative apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] < 20/h and ≥ 50% reduction in preoperative AHI), and AHI improvement (%) was defined as (preoperative AHI-postoperative AHI) × 100/preoperative AHI. For comparison between the MM and DISE groups, p-values were calculated using independent or paired t-tests for continuous variables and using chi-square test for categorical variables. Results By comparing the results of MM and DISE, consensus on the tongue base level showed insignificant concordance (kappa = 0.017, p = 0.865), whereas that on the oropharynx level showed fair agreement (kappa =0.241, p = 0.005). AHI, supine AHI, rapid eyeball movement (REM) AHI, non-REM AHI, and nadir oxygen saturation were all significantly improved after the tongue base surgery in both groups. The MM group showed a significant improvement in the Epworth sleepiness scale after the tongue base surgery ( p = 0.014), whereas the DISE group did not ( p = 0.165). However, there was no significant difference in the AHI improvement (MM group = 47.0 ± 32.0, DISE group = 48.3 ± 35.4, p = 0.852) and surgical success (MM group = 42.6%, DISE group = 45.8%, p = 0.748) between the groups. Tonsil grade ( p < 0.05) and occlusion at the oropharynx lateral wall ( p = 0.031) were significantly related to surgical success in the MM group. Conclusions In the judgment of the tongue base surgery, MM and DISE findings showed poor agreement. DISE might affect the surgical decision on the tongue base surgery in OSA patients; however, there was a lack of evidence regarding the superiority of DISE over MM with respect to the surgical outcomes.
Public or private? Determinants of parents’ preschool choice in India
Authors: Ghosh Saikat , Dey Subhasish 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNowadays children aged between 3 and 6 years are mostly attending one of the two major forms of preschool viz. public and private preschools in India. Even though public preschools are free of any financial cost to the parents, their preference is more towards private preschools. Based on a primary sample of 1369 children from 1369 households, this study explores the determinants of parents’ preschool choices between public and private. Acknowledging the possible sample selection bias in dealing with households of only those kids who have attended a preschool, we deploy Heckman sample selection model as our main regression design. Our results show the choice of a type of preschool heavily depends on parent’s socioeconomic status. Economically better off and educationally more aspirant parents prefer private preschool over public preschool in spite of the fact that the former does not provide any other facilities other than education.
Comparison and HPLC quantification of antioxidant profiling of ginger rhizome, leaves and flower extracts
Authors: Tanweer Saira , Mehmood Tariq , Zainab Saadia , Ahmad Zulfiqar , Shehzad Aamir 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
In the present era, the attention of nutritionist diverted towards the bioactive entities present in natural sources owing to the presence of health boosting perspectives against lifestyle related disarrays.

Methods
In this context, different parts of ginger crop i.e. rhizome, leaves and flower of variety Suravi (ID no. 008) were used for the preparation of ginger extracts with 50% methanol, 50% ethanol and water via rotatory shaker for 45 min. After that, different phytochemical analysis and in vitro analyses were carried out to determine the antioxidant potential of these extracts. Lastly, the best selected extracts from each part was quantified through HPLC.

Results
The results of current investigated indicated that ethanol extract proved to have maximum quantity of phytoceutics as compared to methanol and water. The maximum TPC, flavonoids, flavonols, DPPH assay, antioxidant activity, FRAP assay, ABTS assay and metal chelating potential was observed in ginger leaves as 780.56 ± 32.78 GAE/100 g, 253.56 ± 10.65 mg/100 g, 49.54 ± 1.74 mg/100 g, 75.54 ± 3.17%, 77.88 ± 3.27%, 105.72 ± 4.44 μmole TE/g, 118.43 ± 4.97 μmole TE/g and 35.16 ± 1.48%, respectively followed by ginger flowers and ginger rhizome. The lowest antioxidant activity was estimated in ginger rhizome. On the basis of phytochemical profiling and in vitro analyses, ethanol extracts of ginger flowers, leaves and rhizome were selected for the quantification through HPLC.

Conclusion
The findings proved that maximum 6-gingerol was present in ginger leaves (4.9 mg/g) tackled by ginger flowers (2.87 mg/g) and ginger rhizome (1.03 mg/g).
Structure and development of the complex helmet of treehoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Membracidae)
Authors: Adachi Haruhiko , Matsuda Keisuke , Nishida Kenji , Hanson Paul , Kondo Shigeru , Gotoh Hiroki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSome insects possess complex three-dimensional (3D) structures that develop under the old cuticle prior to the last imaginal molt. Adult treehoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Membracidae) have one such complex 3D structure, known as a helmet, on their dorsal side. The adult helmet likely forms inside the nymphal pronotum during the final instar nymphal stage.Previous morphological studies have reported that the adult helmet is a large, bi-layered, plywood-like structure, whereas the nymphal pronotum is a monolayer, sheath-like structure. The adult helmet is much larger than nymphal helmet. Thus, the emergence of the adult helmet involves two structural transitions: a transition from a monolayer, sheath-like pronotum to a bi-layer, plywood-like helmet, and a transition in size from small to large. However, when, how, and in what order these transitions occur within the nymphal cuticle is largely unknown.To determine how adult helmet development occurs under the nymphal cuticle, in the present study we describe the morphology of the final adult helmet and investigate developmental trajectories of the helmet during the final instar nymphal stage. We used micro-CT, scanning electron microscope and paraffin sections for morphological observations, and usedAntianthe expansaas a model species.We found that the structural transition (from monolayer, sheath-like structure to bi-layer, roof-like structure) occurs through the formation of a “miniature” of the adult helmet during the middle stage of development and that subsequently, extensive folding and furrows form, which account for the increase in size. We suggest that the making of a “miniature” is the key developmental step for the formation of various 3D structures of treehopper helmets.
Potential applications of unmanned ground and aerial vehicles to mitigate challenges of transport and logistics-related critical success factors in the humanitarian supply chain
Authors: Azmat Muhammad , Kummer Sebastian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present decade has seen an upsurge in the research on the applications of autonomous vehicles and drones to present innovative and sustainable solutions for traditional transportation and logistical challenges. Similarly, in this study, we propose using autonomous cars and drones to resolve conventional logistics and transport challenges faced by international humanitarian organizations (IHOs) during a relief operation. We do so by identifying, shortlisting, and elaborating critical success factors or key transport and logistics challenges from the existing humanitarian literature and present a conceptual model to mitigate these challenges by integrating unmanned ground (UGVs) and aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the humanitarian supply chain. To understand how this novel idea of using UGVs and UAVs could help IHOs, we drafted three research questions, first focusing on the identification of existing challenges, second concentrating on remediation of these challenges, and the third to understand realization timeline for UGVs and UAVs. This lead to the development of a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire to record the respondents’ perspectives on the existing challenges and their potential solutions. We gathered data form, ten interviewees, with substantial experience in the humanitarian sector from six IHOs stationed in Pakistan and Austria. In light of the feedback for the second research question, we present a conceptual model of integrating UAVs and UGVs in the relief chain. The results of the study indicate that technological advancement in mobility withholds the potential to mitigate the existing challenges faced by IHOs. However, IHOs tend to be reluctant in adapting UGVs compared to UAVs. The results also indicate that the adaptation of these technologies is subject to their technical maturity, and there are no significant differences in opinions found between the IHOs from Pakistan and Austria.
Micro-synchrophasor based special protection scheme for distribution system automation in a smart city
Authors: Kumar Deepa S. , J.S. Savier , S. Biju S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Aspects of power system protection which contributes to mal-operations and blackouts can be improved by supervision of system behavior and response based analysis rather than condition-based or event-based analysis using wide area measurements based on synchrophasor technology. The paper explores the application of micro-Phasor Measurement Unit for time synchronized real-time distribution network monitoring and agile decision support schemes for system prognosis and control.

Case description
The scheme is proposed as part of a project on “Power System Voltage Stability Analysis using synchrophasors in Distribution System of Kerala Grid” at Kerala State Electricity Board Ltd. An actual grid occurrence during the severe tropical cyclone Ockhi, is considered as the base case which motivated the work.

Discussion and evaluation
A voltage stability index (VSI) based special protection scheme (SPS) for radial distribution network at a proposed smart city is presented in the present study. The proposed special protection scheme on actual implementation can use data from proposed local micro-Phasor Measurement Unit. The PMU is proposed to be placed at one of the key nodes of the distribution system network in the city.

Conclusion
The VSI is derived using local phasor values and is used to initiate a Special Protection Scheme for N-1 contingency at the key node, so as to ensure availability of the most essential feeder which provides supply to a hospital campus housing several health institutes of prime importance. The voltage stability index derived is tested and SPS is validated using real-time grid data.
Factors affecting success of biological agents used in controlling the plant-parasitic nematodes
Authors: Abd-Elgawad Mahfouz M. M. , Askary Tarique Hassan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiological control agents (BCAs) are increasingly used against various plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) pests and offer a favorable alternative to hazardous chemical nematicides. Yet, their lack of efficacy, inconsistent field performance, and/or unfavorable economic factors have generally relegated them to a relatively small sector of pesticide market. Efficacy and biocontrol success can be boosted via holistic grasping of soil biological and ecological factors. Therefore, such factors were highlighted to give better directions for their use. Main points discussed currently are considered to affect the transmission success of these BCAs so that their use must be a way forward in crop protection/pest management. These included improved sampling, grasping BCAs interactions with soil biota and ecology, cost-effective use of BCAs, genetic manipulation for better PPN control, grower acceptance and awareness-raising of BCA techniques, and commercial application.
Real-world utilization of EGFR TKI therapies and treatment outcomes in patients with advanced EGFR-sensitizing mutation-positive NSCLC.
Authors: Riely Gregory J. , Lovly Christine Marie , Messina Carlo GM , Bienert Stefanie , Alexander Kimberly , Pao William , Baxi Shrujal , Doebele Robert Charles 
Published: February 2020

9062 Background: In patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) with non-squamous histology, treatment guidelines recommend molecular testing for EGFR mutations and first-line (1L) EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in those with sensitizing EGFR mutations. We investigated real-world treatment regimens and outcomes in aNSCLC patients with EGFR-sensitizing mutations from US community oncology clinics. Methods: The Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived database contains deidentified data from > 55,000 aNSCLC patients. Our retrospective cohort included patients diagnosed from Jan-2014 to Mar-2018 who had a positive EGFR test prior to initiation of 1L therapy. Patients with EGFR T790M mutations were excluded. Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment and survival outcomes were compared between patients receiving 1L EGFR TKIs vs other 1L anti-cancer therapies. Minimum follow-up after initiation of 1L therapy was 4 months. Results: 23,321 patients had non-squamous or NOS histology. Of those, 1107 had sensitizing EGFR mutations detected prior to 1L treatment (median age 70 years, 67% women, 58% Caucasian). 910 (82%) received EGFR TKIs and 197 (18%) received other 1L therapies (including chemotherapy, immunotherapy and anti-VEGF therapy). 2L treatment data were available for 519 patients: 317 (61%) received EGFR TKIs and 202 (39%) received other therapies. In the 1L setting, median treatment duration was longer for patients receiving EGFR TKIs than for those receiving other therapies (8 vs. 4 months, unadjusted HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.45–1.99; p < 0.0001). Median overall survival (OS) was not affected by the type of 1L treatment (21 months vs 20 months, p = 0.55). Conclusions: Real-world examination of treatment patterns and outcomes in US community oncology clinics showed that nearly 20% of aNSCLC patients with non-squamous or NOS histology and EGFR sensitizing mutations prior to initiation of 1L therapy did not receive 1L EGFR TKIs. In those who did, guideline-concordant use of EGFR TKIs was associated with longer 1L treatment duration but no improvement in OS, supporting the generalizability of results from randomized clinical trials.
Meeting report – first discoidin domain receptors meeting
Authors: Auguste Patrick , Leitinger Birgit , Liard Christelle , Rocher Virginie , Azema Laurent , Saltel Frederic , Santamaria David 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
For the first time, a meeting dedicated to the tyrosine kinase receptors DDR1 and DDR2 took place in Bordeaux, a famous and historical city in the south of France. Over the course of 3 days, the meeting allowed 60 participants from 11 different countries to exchange ideas and their new findings about these unique collagen receptors, focusing on their role in various physiological and pathological conditions and addressing their mechanisms of regulation and signalling. The involvement of these receptors in different pathologies was also considered, with emphasis on cancer development and potential therapeutic applications. Here, we summarize the key elements of this meeting.
Identification of nutritionally modifiable hormonal and epigenetic drivers of positive and negative growth deviance in rural African fetuses and infants: Project protocol and cohort description
Authors: Moore Sophie E. , Doel Andrew M. , Ong Ken K. , Dunger David B. , Affara Nabeel A. , Prentice Andrew M. , Bernstein Robin M. ,   HERO-G Working Group
Published: February 2020

Growth retardation (stunting, wasting and poor organ development) among children in low-income countries has major short and long-term health consequences yet very little is known about the nutritional and environmental influences on the key hormonal axes regulating child growth in these settings, nor the tempo and timing of faltering episodes. Here we describe the study protocol and provide a cohort description of the Hormonal and Epigenetic Regulators of Growth (HERO-G) study. This prospective cohort study from rural Gambia, West Africa, followed mothers and children longitudinally from pre-conception, through pregnancy, delivery, and to two years of child age A total of 251 eligible mother-infant pairs were recruited into the HERO-G study, with 206 (82%) followed up until two years of age. Women were seen at scheduled antenatal appointments at 20, 28 and 36 weeks of gestation, and at delivery, where possible. Between one week and 12 months of age, infants were visited every second day for collection of detailed anthropometry and morbidity data. Infants identified as about to enter a growth faltering episode at these visits entered a more detailed 20-day protocol, with the collection of dried blood spots, anthropometry and body composition. All infants were seen for scheduled clinic visits at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months of age for clinical examination and venous blood draw. Data from the HERO-G study is being used to explore three major mechanistic pathways influencing growth: 1) genome-wide investigations for signatures of epigenetic effects on any loci that might affect growth; 2) frequent anthropometric measurement coupled with non-invasive monitoring for rapid identification and interrogation of real-time faltering patterns and aetiology; 3) focused measurement of hormones and cytokines that act together in an integrated manner, both in utero and after birth, to coordinate patterns of growth with immune activation, inflammation, and nutritional status.
The study of methods of self-regulation of the functional states of public servants
Authors: Rogozhin Andrei 
Published: February 2020

The relevance of this article is due to industry, organizational transformations and the long-term innovative intensity of labor of civil servants, in these conditions only a person who knows the methods of optimizing functional states and knows how to purposefully and adequately use psychological resources can effectively carry out labor activity.
Object of study - ways to optimize the functional conditions of public servants, contributing to the activation of psychological resources. The subject of the study is the possibility of using methods of optimizing functional states in order to activate the psychological resources of civil servants in conditions of tension of innovative labor. The aim of the article is to identify constructive methods for optimizing and activating the functional states of civil servants.
The research methods were: analysis and systematization of scientific and psychological literature on the research topic; questioning; comparative analysis of study groups; statistical data processing methods.
Based on an empirical study, one of the most common methods for optimizing functional states during a working day is micro-breaks and pauses for tea / coffee, as well as communication by phone and messengers with friends, as well as techniques that have a negative impact on health. Also, gender features were identified in the application of methods for optimizing mental states.
It was revealed that the "resource techniques" of self-regulation (associated with the activation of psychological resources) are used by government officials three times less than the "ordinary" (unfocused and unconscious).
The scientific novelty of the study consists in expanding, supplementing and refining scientific views on the possibility of activating psychological resources and optimizing functional states in conditions of prolonged innovative tension.
Лемкiвскiй язык з перспектывы 30-лiтя
Authors: ФОНТАНЬСКІЙ Генрик 
Published: February 2020

Lemko Language from a 30-Year Perspective
From the very moment the Lemko Association was established in 1989, the promotion of Lemko language usage, primarily through schooling, has been one of its most important statutory goals. The publication of the grammar of the Lemko language in 2000, preceded by preliminary descriptions by Miros³awa Chomiak, and soon also the Lemko-Polish and Polish-Lemko dictionary by Jaros³aw Horoszczak is recognized as an act of codification of the modern Lemko language. The paper presents various forms of linguistic activity of the Lemkos in their mother tongue (primarily in the area of mass- and media-communication: publication of original literary works and translations, magazines, Internet sites, radio programs, audiobooks, etc.) that have shaped the modern Lemko language over the past 30 years and have necessitated relevant corrections in its codification. As part of the language revitalization program, the spelling rules are currently being clarified and the most comprehensive monolingual dictionary of the Lemko language so far is ready for publication.