bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Breast Health Global Initiative 2018 Global Summit on Improving Breast Healthcare Through Resource‐Stratified Phased Implementation: Methods and overview
Authors: Duggan Catherine , Dvaladze Allison , Rositch Anne F. , Ginsburg Ophira , Yip Cheng‐Har , Horton Susan , Camacho Rodriguez Rolando , Eniu Alexandru , Mutebi Miriam , Bourque Jean‐Marc , Masood Shahla , Unger‐Saldaña Karla , Cabanes Anna , Carlson Robert W. , Gralow Julie R. , Anderson Benjamin O. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) established a series of resource‐stratified, evidence‐based guidelines to address breast cancer control in the context of available resources. Here, the authors describe methodologies and health system prerequisites to support the translation and implementation of these guidelines into practice.MethodsIn October 2018, the BHGI convened the Sixth Global Summit on Improving Breast Healthcare Through Resource‐Stratified Phased Implementation. The purpose of the summit was to define a stepwise methodology (phased implementation) for guiding the translation of resource‐appropriate breast cancer control guidelines into real‐world practice. Three expert consensus panels developed stepwise, resource‐appropriate recommendations for implementing these guidelines in low‐income and middle‐income countries as well as underserved communities in high‐income countries. Each panel focused on 1 of 3 specific aspects of breast cancer care: 1) early detection, 2) treatment, and 3) health system strengthening.ResultsKey findings from the summit and subsequent article preparation included the identification of phased‐implementation prerequisites that were explored during consensus debates. These core issues and concepts are key components for implementing breast health care that consider real‐world resource constraints. Communication and engagement across all levels of care is vital to any effectively operating health care system, including effective communication with ministries of health and of finance, to demonstrate needs, outcomes, and cost benefits.ConclusionsUnderserved communities at all economic levels require effective strategies to deploy scarce resources to ensure access to timely, effective, and affordable health care. Systematically strategic approaches translating guidelines into practice are needed to build health system capacity to meet the current and anticipated global breast cancer burden.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of Dupilumab in Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Radin Allen , Li Meng , Hamilton Jennifer D. , Kajiwara Miyuki , Davis John D. , Takahashi Yoshinori , Hasegawa Setsuo , Ming Jeffrey E. , DiCioccio A. Thomas , Li Yongtao , Kovalenko Pavel , Lu Qiang , Ortemann‐Renon Catherine , Ardeleanu Marius , Swanson Brian N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the interleukin (IL)‐4 receptor α subunit (IL‐4Rα) of IL‐4 heterodimeric type I and type II receptors that mediate IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling through this pathway. Blockade of these receptors broadly suppresses type 2 inflammation associated with atopic/allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis and asthma. Six phase 1 studies investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of dupilumab in healthy subjects. Two randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, sequential studies assessed safety and tolerability of single escalating dupilumab doses administered intravenously or subcutaneously (one included various racial groups, and one included exclusively Japanese subjects); 3 randomized, parallel‐group, single‐dose studies compared the pharmacokinetic profiles of different dupilumab products and formulations after single subcutaneous doses; and one study assessed dupilumab administered as fast versus slow subcutaneous injections. Dupilumab concentrations in serum were measured in all studies, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) concentrations were measured in 2 studies as pharmacodynamic markers. Across the phase 1 studies, dupilumab exhibited target‐mediated pharmacokinetics consisting of parallel linear and nonlinear elimination, with the target‐mediated phase highly dominated by nonlinearity at lower drug concentrations. Systemic exposure and tolerability of dupilumab were consistent irrespective of differences in product, formulation, or racial background. Dupilumab reduced circulating concentrations of total IgE and TARC, indicating blockade of IL‐4Rα–mediated signaling. Dupilumab had a favorable safety profile across the wide range of doses administered. Together, these findings support the continued development and use of dupilumab in treatment of type 2 diseases.
A time‐efficient shrinkage algorithm for the Fourier‐based prediction enabling proactive optimisation in software‐defined networks
Authors: Rzym Grzegorz , Boryło Piotr , Chołda Piotr 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThis paper focuses on the problem of time‐efficient traffic prediction. The prediction enables the proactive and globally scoped optimisation in software‐defined networks (SDNs). We propose the shrinkage and selection heuristic method for the trigonometric Fourier‐based traffic models in SDNs. The proposed solution allows us to optimise the network for an upcoming time window by installing flow entries in SDN nodes before the first packet of a new flow arrives. As the mechanism is designed to be a part of a sophisticated routing‐support system, several critical constraints are considered and taken into account. Specifically, the system is traffic‐ and topology‐agnostic, thus the prediction mechanism must be applicable to the networks with highly variable traffic loads (e.g., observed inside intra‐DCNs: datacentre networks). Furthermore, the system must effectively optimise routing in large‐scale SDNs comprised of numerous nodes and handling millions of flows of a dynamic nature. Therefore, the prediction must be simultaneously accurate as well as being time efficient and scalable. These requirements are met by our Fourier‐based solution, which subtracts consecutive harmonics from the original signal and compares the result with an adaptive threshold adjusted to the signal's standard deviation. The evaluation is performed by comparing the proposed heuristic with the well‐known Lasso method of proven accuracy. The results show that our solution is able to retain prediction accuracy at a comparable level. Moreover, in accordance with our main aim, we operate in a manner which is always significantly faster. In some cases, computation times are reduced by as much as 50 times.
Optimization‐based workload distribution in geographically distributed data centers: A survey
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Khalil Muhammad Imran Khan , Shah Syed Adeel Ali 
Published: April 2020

SummaryEnergy efficiency is a contemporary and challenging issue in geographically distributed data centers. These data centers consume significantly high energy and cast a negative impact on the energy resources and environment. To minimize the energy cost and the environmental impacts, Internet service providers use different approaches such as geographical load balancing (GLB). GLB refers to the placement of data centers in diverse geolocations to exploit variations in electricity prices with the objective to minimize the total energy cost. GLB helps to minimize the overall energy cost, achieve quality of service, and maximize resource utilization in geo‐distributed data centers by employing optimal workload distribution and resource utilization in the real time. In this paper, we summarize various optimization‐based workload distribution strategies and optimization techniques proposed in recent research works based on commonly used optimization factors such as workload type, load balancer, availability of renewable energy, energy storage, and data center server specification in geographically distributed data centers. The survey presents a systemized and a novel taxonomy of workload distribution in data centers. Moreover, we also debate various challenges and open research issues along with their possible solutions.
Prior evolution in stochastic versus constant temperatures affects RNA virus evolvability at a thermal extreme
Authors: Gloria‐Soria Andrea , Mendiola Sandra Y. , Morley Valerie J. , Alto Barry W. , Turner Paul E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is unclear how historical adaptation versus maladaptation in a prior environment affects population evolvability in a novel habitat. Prior work showed that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) populations evolved at constant 37°C improved in cellular infection at both 29°C and 37°C; in contrast, those evolved under random changing temperatures between 29°C and 37°C failed to improve. Here, we tested whether prior evolution affected the rate of adaptation at the thermal‐niche edge: 40°C. After 40 virus generations in the new environment, we observed that populations historically evolved at random temperatures showed greater adaptability. Deep sequencing revealed that most of the newly evolved mutations were de novo. Also, two novel evolved mutations in the VSV glycoprotein and replicase genes tended to co‐occur in the populations previously evolved at constant 37°C, whereas this parallelism was not seen in populations with prior random temperature evolution. These results suggest that prior adaptation under constant versus random temperatures constrained the mutation landscape that could improve fitness in the novel 40°C environment, perhaps owing to differing epistatic effects of new mutations entering genetic architectures that earlier diverged. We concluded that RNA viruses maladapted to their previous environment could “leapfrog” over counterparts of higher fitness, to achieve faster adaptability in a novel environment.
Simultaneous Measurement of the Emission Quantum Yield and Local Temperature: The Illustrative Example of SrF2:Yb3+/Er3+ Single Crystals
Authors: Brites Carlos D. S. , Kuznetsov Sergey V. , Konyushkin Vasilii A. , Nakladov Andrey N. , Fedorov Pavel P. , Carlos Luís D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the Phantom‐g group headed by Luís D. Carlos from CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Portugal. The cover image symbolizes the simultaneous measurement of the emission quantum yield and the absolute temperature with a primary luminescent thermometer.
Effects of virtual reality on moods in community older adults. A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chan Joyce Y. C. , Chan Tak Kit , Wong Michael P. F. , Cheung Ruby S. M. , Yiu Karen K. L. , Tsoi Kelvin K. F. 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionVirtual reality (VR) technology is a potential method to use in cognitive intervention, but the use of VR in cognitive stimulation intervention for older adults has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mood change of older adults after participating in the VR cognitive stimulation activity.MethodsThis is a multicenter randomized controlled, cross‐over trial. The intervention was a VR cognitive stimulation activity, and the control was a paper‐and‐pencil activity. The participants were older adults with age over 60 and recruited in the elderly community centers. The Positive and Negative Affect Score (PANAS) was used to measure mood change. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated. The Simulator sickness questionnaire was used to measure adverse events.ResultsA total of 236 participants from 19 community centers were recruited. After the VR activity, the participants had a significant increase in total PANAS positive affect score (MD = 2.09, 95% CI = 0.69 to 3.49), and a significant reduction in total negative affect score (MD = −1.99, 95% CI = −2.55 to −1.43). The reduction in negative affect score was significantly larger in VR activity than paper‐and‐pencil activity (MD = −0.48, 95% CI = −0.98 to 0.00). Besides, only three participants reported severe advance events after VR activity.ConclusionsThe use of VR technology is well accepted by older adults. Therefore, the use of VR technology through smartphone and a mobile app can be a potential method for future cognitive training interventions.
Thalamic pulvinar metabolism, sleep disturbances, and hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies: Positron emission tomography and actigraphy study
Authors: Kanemoto Hideki , Kazui Hiroaki , Adachi Hiroyoshi , Yoshiyama Kenji , Wada Tamiki , Nomura Keiko T. , Shimosegawa Eku , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesAlthough sleep disturbances are prevalent among patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), their neural substrates remain unclear. We aimed to clarify the neural substrates of sleep disturbances in patients with DLB.MethodsWe evaluated sleep disturbances, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and brain glucose metabolism in 22 patients with probable DLB using actigraphy, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, respectively. Total sleep time (TST) and average activity count per minute (AAC) during sleep were calculated for seven consecutive days via actigraphy. We investigated associations between FDG uptake and the actigraphy parameters using Statistical Parametric Mapping version 12b. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used to investigate associations among TST, AAC, and clinical symptoms. The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05. P values were adjusted using the Benjamini‐Hochberg method for multiple comparisons. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00776347).ResultsTST exhibited a significant positive association with FDG uptake in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and left thalamus, while AAC exhibited a significant negative association with FDG uptake in the left thalamus and the left parieto‐occipital region. FDG uptake in the left pulvinar was associated with both TST and AAC. In addition, TST exhibited a significant negative association with the NPI hallucinations score (r = −0.66, P = .001), while AAC exhibited significant positive associations with the NPI delusions (r = 0.70, P < .001) and hallucinations (r = 0.63, P = .002) scores.ConclusionsTST and bodily activity during sleep are associated with dysfunction of the left pulvinar and the severity of hallucinations in patients with DLB.
Rio Doce Acoustic Surveys of Fish Biomass and Aquatic Habitat
Authors: Hobbs Dustin , Bigot Marie , Smith Ross Edward William 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Following the failure of the Fundão mine tailings dam in Brazil, approximately 32 million cubic meters of Fe ore tailings were released into the downstream riverine system. The postevent monitoring surveys implemented the use of noninvasive acoustic methods to improve the understanding of the fish biomass distribution patterns and aquatic habitat condition of the impacted reaches of the Rio Gualaxo do Norte, Rio do Carmo, and Rio Doce. The primary focus of the program was to collect hydroacoustic measurements of fish biomass, which was accompanied by sonar imaging of aquatic habitats using high-resolution side scan and downward imaging sonar at each site visited. The biannual surveys began in April 2017 and were fundamentally a multiple control–impact design because before data (prior to the dam failure event) were not available. Up to 22 sites were visited for each survey, including reservoir and river sites. Results indicate similar levels of instream habitat between control and impact river and reservoir sites. Average volumetric biomass was not significantly different between impact sites and their corresponding controls in the August 2018 survey (latest to date). Preliminary temporal analysis of the biomass data set collected indicates that either stable or increasing levels of biomass are detected at tailings impacted sites within the Rio Doce. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:615–621. © 2020 Hydrobiology QLD Pty Ltd. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
Construction and evaluation of a prognosis lncRNA model for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Fulei , Bai Lu , Li Shasha , Chen Yanling , Xue Xiaofei , Yu Zujiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrent studies indicate that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is often abnormally expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We intend to generate a multi‐lncRNA signal to improve the prognosis of HCC. By analyzing 12 pairs of HCC and adjacent normal mucosal tissues, 3900 differentially expressed lncrnas were identified as candidate biomarkers for the prognosis of HCC. Then, the 12‐lncrna signature was constructed using the LASSO Cox regression method and verified in the TCGA training dataset. Finally, we established a novel 12‐lncrna signature that was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in the training data set. With the use of 12‐lncrna markers, patients in the training cohort were divided into high‐risk and low‐risk groups with significant OV differences (P < .0001). Similar results were consistent in the TCGA verification dataset (P = .046). Multivariate Cox model was used to analyze and construct the risk scores of selected key lncRNA and AJCC stages. The results showed that, compared with AJCC stages, lncRNA‐based risk scores were another important factor affecting the OS of patients. We found that risk scores based on lncRNA have a stronger prediction ability than the AJCC stage alone on 4‐year OS. For 4‐year survival rates, prediction combined with the lncRNA risk score and AJCC stage, model effectiveness (sensitivity and specificity) has reached to 0.750. To further explore the biological processes involved in prognostic lncRNA, all HCC samples in TCGA are divided into two groups according to the median lncRNA risk score, and analyzed the gene enrichment of high expression genes and low expression genes in KEGG data using goana in limma. The results suggest that the genes associated with tumor pathways, such as PI3K‐Akt and ECM‐receptor interaction, are highly expressed in the high risk group.
The correlation between CT features and insulin resistance levels in patients with T2DM complicated with primary pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Yang Wei‐Bin , Wang Hai‐Lin , Mao Jian‐Ting , Chen Zhen , Xu Jin‐Wei , Wang Lian‐Hong , Xu Min , Zhang Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim is to investigate the correlation between computed tomography (CT) features and insulin resistance levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with primary pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Nearly, 268 untreated PTB patients complicated with T2DM were divided into two groups according to the optimal cutoff value of HOMA‐IR score for the Chinese population: HOMA‐IR ≤ 2.69 (Group I: 74 patients), >2.69 (Group II: 194 patients). The basic characteristics and changes of CT manifestations were analyzed. In the two groups, the detection rate of large segmented leafy shadow was 39.2% and 78.9%; the air bronchogram sign detection rate was 40.5% and 80.9%; the discovery rate of mouth‐eaten cavity was 33.8% and 73.7%; the thin‐walled cavity detection rate was 2.7% and 16.0%; the rate of multiple cavities was 35.1% and 69.6%; and bronchial tuberculosis was found in 4.1% and 35.6%, respectively. The detection rates of lesions in Group II were significantly higher than in Group I (p < .05). HOMA‐IR was found independently associated with large segmented leafy shadow, air bronchial sign, thin‐walled cavity, and bronchial tuberculosis. The level of insulin resistance can effectively reflect the severity of PTB patients with T2DM. CT scan can directly provide image information in clinics. These two examinations can guide clinicians to accurately formulate subsequent treatment plans.
Interleukin‐6 increases adrenal androgen release by regulating the expression of steroidogenic proteins in NCI‐H295R cells
Authors: Wei Xian , Zhang Junfeng , Peng Wei , Xu Hao , Wei Zhewen , Pang Linhao , Liu Jihong , Wang Tao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) on the stimulation of excessive androgen secretion in human NCI‐H295R adrenocortical cells. We performed transcriptome sequencing of cancer and paracancerous tissues obtained from functional adrenal cortical adenomas. The secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in NCI‐H295R cells was detected by a chemiluminescence assay. The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and that of protein was detected by western blotting. The expression of secretogranin II (SCG2) and IL‐6 were significantly increased in cancer tissues. Upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of AKR1C3, CYP11A, CYP17A1, 3βHSD, and SULT2A1 was observed after stimulation with IL‐6. IL‐6 could also increase the expression of StAR mRNA and proteins. Our results suggest that IL‐6 can promote androgen secretion by regulating the expression of genes related to androgen pathways.
Epidemiological and clinical features of asymptomatic patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Xu Tianmin , Huang Rui , Zhu Li , Wang Jian , Cheng Juan , Zhang Biao , Zhao Haiyan , Chen Kang , Shao Huaping , Zhu Chuanwu , Wu Chao , Liu Longgen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFew studies reported the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infected patients with completely asymptomatic throughout the disease course. We investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of patients infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 without any symptoms. Patients with confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were retrospectively recruited. The demographic characteristics, clinical data, treatment, and outcomes of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients without any symptoms were analyzed. Fifteen (4.4%) of 342 SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients did not develop any symptom during the course of the disease. The median time from exposure to diagnosis was 7.0 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.0‐15.0 days). Of the 15 patients, 14 patients were diagnosed by tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in throat swabs, while one patient was only tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 in anal swabs. During hospitalization, only 1 (6.7%) patient developed lymphopenia. Abnormalities of chest computed tomography examinations were detected in 8 (53.4%) patients on admission. As of 8 March 2020, all patients have been discharged. The median time of SARS‐CoV‐2 tested negative from admission was 7.0 days (IQR: 4.0‐9.0 days). Patients without any symptoms but with SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure should be closely monitored and tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 both in anal and throat swabs to excluded the infection. Asymptomatic patients infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 have favorable outcomes.
HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfected patients in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Altuntas Aydin Ozlem , Kumbasar Karaosmanoglu Hayat , Kart Yasar Kadriye 
Published: April 2020

Highlights

COVID‐19 coinfection has improved in HIV‐infected cases that use regular ART and where viral load is suppressed, and even in advanced HIV‐infected cases without treatment.
Although the data are not yet sufficient, the impression is that the presence of comorbidities is an important factor in mortality in HIV/SARS‐CoV‐2 coinfected cases.
Radiological imaging findings were observed in all HIV‐infected cases, even in the case with very low CD4 cell count. And, with immunochromatographic antibody tests, it was observed that antibody formation time was similar to uninfected individuals.