bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS UNDANG-UNDANG LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN MEMINIMALISIR FATALITAS KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Ismail Nurhasan 
Published: September 2020

Traffic accidents are one of the main problems of road users. Therefore various ways are done to suppress the number of accidents, especially the number of casualties that occur on the highway. UU no. 22 Tahun 2009 is a legal instrument that is responsible for the implementation of the purpose of traffic (road) is safe and friendly for its users. Legal instruments need to be supported by various supporting instruments and norms and ethics in the application carried out in the community such as socialization and education of traffic. It is therefore necessary to examine the effectiveness of these legal instruments against the limbal fatalities.
Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama para pengguna jalan. Oleh karena itu berbagai cara dilakukan untuk menekan angka kecelakaan terutama jumlah korban yang terjadi di jalan raya. UU No. 22 Tahun 2009 merupakan instrumen hukum yang bertanggungjawab atas terlaksananya tujuan lalu lintas (jalan) yang aman dan ramah bagi penggunanya. Instrumen hukum perlu didukung berbagai instrumen pendukung dan norma serta etika dalam penerapan yang dilakukan di masyarakat seperti sosialisasi dan pendidikan lalu lintas. Oleh karena itu perlu pengujian terhadap efektitas instrumen hukum tersebut terhadap fatalitas lakalintas.
KAJIAN TINGKAT PEMAKAIAN HELM DAN KEPARAHAN KECELAKAAN PADA ANAK DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Kusumawati Aine , Ellizar Estiara , Rivai Hamsyin 
Published: September 2020

Majority of crash and crash casualty in Bandung involved motorcyclists. This research aims to find out relation between helmet wearing and crash severity in adult and young motorcyclists. The result indicates the higher the rate of helmet usage relates to the lower risk of being killed or injured in a motorcycle crash. Young motorcycle passengers have 3 times higher risk of being killed and 2.2 times higher risk of being injured compared to adult motorcycle passengers as the rate of wearing helmet correctly in young motorcycle passengers is lower than that of adult motorcycle passengers. Meanwhile, young motorcycle drivers have 0.46 times lower risk of being killed and 0.67 times lower risk of being injured compared to adut motorcycle drivers as the rate of wearing helmet correctly in young motorcycle drivers is higher than that of adult motorcycle drivers.
Mayoritas kecelakaan dan korban kecelakaan di Kota Bandung melibatkan pesepeda motor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemakaian helm terhadap keparahan kecelakaan yang melibatkan pesepeda motor dewasa dan anak-anak di Kota Bandung. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan semakin tinggi tingkat pemakaian helm secara benar berhubungan dengan semakin rendahnya risiko mengalami kematian dan luka-luka dalam suatu kecelakaan yang melibatkan pesepeda motor. Penumpang sepeda motor anak-anak memiliki risiko meninggal dunia 3 kali lebih tinggi dan risiko luka-luka 2,2 kali lebih tinggi apabila mengalami kecelakaan dibanding penumpang dewasa karena tingkat pemakaian helm secara benar yang lebih rendah pada penumpang sepeda motor anak-anak. Sementara pengendara sepeda motor anak-anak memiliki risiko meninggal dunia 0,46 kali lebih rendah dan risiko luka-luka 0,67 kali lebih rendah apabila mengalami kecelakaan dibanding penumpang sepeda motor dewasa karena tingkat pemakaian helm secara benar yang lebih tinggi pada pengendara sepeda motor anak-anak.
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KESELAMATAN JALAN "OK BOS" DI JAWA TIMUR DALAM MENURUNKAN KEJADIAN KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Sulistyono Sonya , Listyawati Ratih Novi , Hayati Nunung Nuring , Wahono Heri , Hendrawan Budi , Prayitno Eko Hengky 
Published: September 2020

IRSMS data shows the increase in traffic accidents in 2016 reached 11% compared to the events of the previous year, and in 2017 it also increased by as much as 6%. The East Java Regional Police together with other LLAJ stakeholders formulated the "OK BOS" Program (Opén Karo Blackspot) to improve road safety. Regencies / cities are encouraged to be more sensitive to traffic accidents that occur in their areas, and encourage the implementation of road safety activities in an effort to reduce the incidence and fatality of traffic accidents. The results of the evaluation of the implementation of the program show the effectiveness of the program against the decrease in traffic accidents. Reduction in accident rates during program implementation reached 21%. Other evaluation results show that the implementation of the program is still not optimal and has not been evenly distributed, so it is necessary to plan strategies for implementation in 2019.
Data IRSMS memperlihatkan peningkatan kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas tahun 2016 mencapai 11% dibandingkan dengan kejadian tahun sebelumnya, dan tahun 2017 masih meningkat pula sebanyak 6%. Polda Jawa Timur bersama istansi pemangku kepentingan LLAJ lainnya merumuskan Program “OK BOS” (Opén Karo Blackspot) untuk meningkatkan Kamseltibcar Lantas. Kabupaten/kota didorong lebih peka terhadap kecelakaan lalu lintas yang terjadi di wilayahnya, serta mendorong pelaksanaan kegiatan-kegiatan keselamatan jalan sebagai upaya untuk menurunkan kejadian dan fatalitas kecelakaan lalu lintas. Hasil evaluasi implementasi program memperlihatkan efektivitas program terhadap turunnya angka kecelakaan lalu lintas. Reduksi angka kecelakaan selama implementasi program mencapai 21%. Hasil evaluasi lain memperlihatkan bahwa implementasi program masih belum maksimal dan belum merata, sehingga perlu dilakukan perencanaan strategi untuk implementasi pada tahun 2019.
PENGETAHUAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERILAKU BERLALU LINTAS; TINJAUAN TERHADAP PELAKU LALU LINTAS USIA REMAJA DI SMK YPT 1 PURBALINGGA
Authors: Hardini Probo , Indriyati Eva Wahyu 
Published: September 2020

The casualties in the teenage group in Purbalingga Regency averaged 21.25% of the total accident victims in this area. This relatively large proportion requires efforts through various approaches to reduce the high number of accidents, considering that this group of age is a very important period in people's growth process. This study aims to identify the effect of traffic knowledge on teenage traffic behaviour taking SMK YPT 1 Purbalingga as the case study location. In its analytical process, this research uses descriptive quantitative analysis methods and logistic regression analysis. The output of logistic regression using realstatistic software, identified that the ownership of the driving license provides an opportunity for the occurrence of a bad traffic behaviour. In addition, the better knowledge about signs will provide a role for the possibility of good traffic behaviour. Moreover, the low understanding of road marking gives a probability of bad traffic behaviour.
Korban kecelakaan pada kelompok usia remaja di Kabupaten Purbalingga rata-rata sebesar 21,25% dari total korban kecelakaan di daerah ini. Proporsi yang relatif besar ini memerlukan upaya-upaya melalui bermacam pendekatan untuk menekan tingginya angka kecelakaan pada kelompok usia ini, mengingat usia remaja adalah usia yang sangat penting dalam proses tumbuh kembang seseorang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh pengetahuan lalu lintas terhadap perilaku pelaku lalu lintas usia remaja. Dalam prosesnya, penelitian menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif deskriptif dan analisis regresi logistik. Luaran perhitungan regresi logistik dengan bantuan software realstatistic, diidentifikasi bahwa tidak memiliki SIM memberikan peluang untuk terjadinya perilaku berlalu lintas yang tidak baik. Selain itu, pengetahuan tentang rambu yang semakin baik akan memberikan peranan terhadap kemungkinan perilaku berlalu lintas yang baik. Pada usia remaja, pengetahuan tentang marka yang rendah memberikan probabilitas munculnya perilaku berlalu lintas yang tidak baik.
PENGARUH PERILAKU PENGENDARA TERHADAP KECELAKAAN PEJALAN KAKI-SEPEDA MOTOR
Authors: Makalew Febriane Paulina , Widodo Bambang , Ramli Muhammad Isran 
Published: September 2020

Accidents within rider and pedestrian are increased during the last five years period. Conflict street users occur due to factors such as behavior and facility available. This research aims to analyze rider behavior and its influence on the pedestrian-motorcycle accident. The research location is North Sulawesi Province, with the distribution of the questionnaire. Accident data reference is used to evaluate factors that influence the accident. Research result shows differences and similarity judgment for rider behavior in urban dan rural area. Majority choice show rider understanding of aspects in reducing the number of accidents. Differences in the location have a different facility available and the use of traffic lines for rider and pedestrian. Although it is not a majority, a choice against factors to reduce accidents can be fatal to the user. However, this option needs further research related to factors to influence such a choice. It is crucial to put safety pedestrian and rider into priority by strong regulation.
Kecelakaan yang melibatkan pejalan kaki dan sepeda motor meningkat dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir. Konflik pengguna jalan terjadi disebabkan berbagai faktor seperti perilaku dan ketersediaan fasilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perilaku pengendara dan pengaruhnya terhadap kecelakaan pejalan kaki-sepeda motor. Lokasi penelitian di provinsi Sulawesi Utara dengan metode penyebaran kuisioner. Rujukan data kecelakaan digunakan untuk mengevaluasi faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kecelakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan dan persamaan penilaian yang menggambarkan perilaku pengendara di area perkotaan dan perdesaan. Mayoritas penilaian menunjukkan pemahaman terhadap aspek-aspek yang dapat mengurangi kecelakaan. Perbedaan lokasi kecelakaan memiliki perbedaan fasilitas yang tersedia dan penggunaan jalur lalu lintas bagi pengendara dan pejalan kaki. Meskipun bukan mayoritas pilihan tapi pertentangan akan faktor untuk mengurangi kecelakaan dapat berakibat fatal. Namun hal ini perlu diteliti lebih lanjut faktor yang mempengaruhi pilihan tersebut. Penting sekali untuk mulai mengutamakan keselamatan pejalan kaki dan pengendara sepeda motor dengan peraturan yang tegas.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN KECEPATAN TERHADAP RISIKO KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS
Authors: Buchari Erika , Putranto Dinar Dwi Anugrah , Asmoro Dwi , Saribu Lisbeth Dolok 
Published: September 2020

According to IRSMS or Integrated Road Safety Management System, mostly 37.78% of road accidents happened in road class II. In terms of road function, the most frequent accidents happened in Arterial road, which is 33.22%. Majority accidents 31.60% happened in the straight road. This study aims to analyze the motorcycle’s speed, motorcyclist behavior in speeding, the effect of geometric road condition toward the speed. Some surveys having been done are road damage survey, traffic count survey, speed survey, and interview survey on motorist behavior. The results of the study are (1) The average speed of motorcyclists in Jalan Noerdin Pandji on the direction of Bandara –Kenten is about 63.3 kph and the average speed on the direction of Kenten- Bandara 44.4 kph. (2) Motorist behavior in changing speed seems an anomaly attitude that they tend to increase the speed when approaching the intersection. Speeding behavior has many reasons for each motorist, such as faster reason, sleepy reason, and the increase of self-confidence (3). The effect of road geometric toward the speed of motorists is that the flat road condition can cause carelessness, and speeding up when approaching the intersection.
Menurut data Integrated Road Safety Management System (IRSMS), kecelakaan menurut jenis kelas jalan yang terbanyak terjadi di jalan Kelas II, yaitu 37.78% dan korban kecelakaan menurut fungsi jalan yang terbanyak terjadi di jalan Arteri, yaiu 33.22%. Mayoritas kecelakaan 31,60% terjadi di jalan lurus. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk, menganalisis kecepatan pengendara motor pada daerah kajian, perilaku pengendara dalam melakukan perubahan kecepatannya, menganalisis pengaruh kondisi geometris jalan terhadap kecepatan pengendara. Survey yang dilakukan adalah survey kerusakan jalan, surveh perhitungan lalu lintas, survey kecepatan dan survey perilaku. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah (1) Kecepatan pengendara motor pada daerah kajian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan rata rata Jalan Nordin Pandji arah Bandara –Kenten 63.3 kph dan kecepatan rata rata arah Kenten- Bandara 44.4 kph. (2) Perilaku pengendara dalam melakukan perubahan kecepatannya terjadi anomali sikap pengendara motor, yaitu cenderung mempercepat kendaraan atau ngebut ketika memasuki simpang. Perilaku ngebut juga ternyata mempunyai banyak alasan bagi setiap pengendara motor antara lain, ingin cepat, supaya tidak ngantuk, supaya percaya diri (3) Pengaruh kondisi geometris jalan terhadap kecepatan pengendara, yaitu bahwa kondisi datar membuat pengendara tidak hati hati, ngebut pada saat melintasi simpang.
PERILAKU NGEBUT DAN PERSEPSI PENGENDARA SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Purnawan Purnawan , Kurniati Titi 
Published: September 2020

Speeding behavior is one of the factors that could cause traffic accidents. Speeding is generally carried out based on certain reasons. This study aims to determine speeding behavior in Padang city and the driver's perception of speeding behavior. To get speeding behavior in the field, the spot speed survey was conducted, while to find out perceptions about speeding behavior, an online survey was conducted. The results of the survey data analysis showed that drivers were speeding at peak and not peak hours; the percentage of drivers speeding up even more during the afternoon and evening. The driver was speeding due to internal factors and external factors that simultaneously supported the driver to drive the vehicle with speeding.
Perilaku ngebut merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menimbulkan kecelakaan lalu lintas, tindakan ngebut pada umumnya dilakukan atas dasar alasan tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku ngebut di kota Padang, dan persepsi pengemudi atas perilaku ngebut. Untuk mendapatkan perilaku ngebut di lapangan, dilakukan survai kecepatan setempat, sedang untuk mengetahui persepsi tentang perilaku ngebut dilakukan survai online. Hasil analisa data survai menunjukkan bahwa pengemudi ngebut pada jam puncak dan tidak puncak, persentase jumlah pengemudi ngebut semakin banyak pada saat sore dan malam hari. Pengemudi ngebut disebabkan adanya faktor internal dan faktor eksternal yang secara bersamaan mendukung pengemudi mengendarai kendaraan dengan ngebut.
THE EFFECT OF SPEED LIMIT VIOLATION ON MOTORCYCLE CRASH RATE: CASE STUDY BANDUNG NATIONAL ROAD
Authors: Kusumawati Aine , Ayuningtyas Kardina N.S. , Ellizar Estiara 
Published: September 2020

Speeding is one of the risk factors for road traffic crashes and deaths, especially for vulnerable road users. Research shows that increasing vehicle speed by 1 km/h can increase 4% -5% of fatal crashes. However, several other studies show that crashes are caused more by speed dispersion than by average speed vehicles in the traffic. This study aims to determine the effect of speed limit violations on the rate of a motorcycle crash on the national road in Bandung City. Although the proportion of motorcycles that violates the speed limit is quite high (40%), it turns out the result of this study indicates that the rate of motorcycle crash does not seem to be affected by the proportion of motorcycle in the traffic that violates the speed limit. Crashes involving motorcycles are more prevalent in the highest flow period than in the free flow conditions where the proportion of motorcycle that violates the speed limit is the highest.
Mengendara dengan kecepatan tinggi merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas dan kematian akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas, terutama pada kelompok pengguna jalan rentan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kecepatan kendaraan sebesar 1 km/jam dapat meningkatkan 4%-5% kecelakaan fatal. Namun beberapa penelitian lainnya menunjukkan bahwa kecelakaan lebih disebabkan oleh adanya variasi kecepatan di dalam arus dibanding kecepatan rata-rata kendaraan di dalam arus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelanggaran batas kecepatan terhadap tingkat kecelakaan sepeda motor di jalan nasional Kota Bandung. Walaupun proporsi sepeda motor yang melanggar batas kecepatan cukup tinggi (40%), ternyata hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kecelakaan sepeda motor tampaknya tidak dipengaruhi oleh proporsi sepeda motor di dalam arus yang melanggar batas kecepatan. Kecelakaan yang melibatkan sepeda motor justru lebih banyak terjadi pada kondisi arus tertinggi dalam satu hari dibanding pada kondisi arus lengang dimana proporsi sepeda motor yang melanggar batas kecepatan paling banyak.
Herbal Remedies Used to Treat Skin Disorders in Arasankulam Region of Thoothukudi District in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sundari A , Jayakumararaj R 
Published: September 2020

As lacking in attention given to the ethnomedicinal plants to be used for the treatment of skin diseases in many areas, an ethnomedicinal study was carried out to enumerate the traditional uses followed to treat skin diseases among the people living in Arasankulam and Kottarakurichi villages located in Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu. The medicinal uses of 24 species belonging to 20 families were reported from the study area. Euphorbiaceae was noted as largest families comprising of 3 species each. Herbs (50.0%) were found more in number than other life forms of plants. Leaves (50.0%) were the mostly used plant part to prepare the medicine and paste (61.54%) was the dominant mode to treat the skin ailments. By this research work, it was also noted that a total of 6 plants were used to heal wound, 4 plants for the treatment of cut, 3 plants each to cure boil and eczema, 2 plants to treat heel crack and 1 plant each for abrasion, chicken pox, dandruff, itch, leprosy, lip crack, scabies, skin allergy, small pox and tumor. Further studies on phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of these plants will contribute new dimensions to these medicinal plants.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Skin diseases, Arasankulam region, Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu.
Acute Toxicity Study of Anvillea Radiata Aqueous Extract in Albino Rats
Authors: BELAKREDAR Amal , HACHEM Kadda , BOUDOU Farouk , BENABDESSLEM Yasmina , MEGHERBI Aicha 
Published: September 2020

Despite the popular use and the biological effects of Anvillea radiata, there are no studies or data about its safety. The aim of the present study was to assess the acute toxicity of A. radiata aqueous extract in vivo. A single dose of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5 or 5 g/kg was administered to female rats by gavage. Body weight gain, general behavior and mortality were monitored for up to 2 weeks. Selected biochemical parameters, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood creatinine levels were determined, as well as, liver and kidney histology. Results showed no significant changes in body weight gain and organ indexes with no mortality during the experimentation period. A significant increase in AST and ALT levels were observed in 2.5 and 5 g/kg extract treated groups, and a significant decrease in BUN and creatinine levels in 1, 1.5, 2.5 or 5g/kg extract treated groups compared to control. Microscope examination of liver sections showed several anomalies in rats exposed to high concentrations (1.5, 2.5 and 5 g/kg) including fatty changes, glycogen accumulation and ballooning degeneration hepatocytes. Renal parenchyma anomalies were also observed in rats exposed to 2.5 and 5g / kg of plant extract including shrunken renal corpuscles with marked hypo-cellularity and atrophied glomeruli, large interstitial space, and renal tubules with dilated lumina which appear completely distorted. From this study, it can be concluded that Anvillea radiata aqueous extract at high concentration (higher than 1 g /kg b.w.) may be toxic and affect sensitive organs function such liver and kidney.
Keywords: Anvillea radiata, Acute toxicity, Biochemical parameters, Histology.
Development and Characterization of Barbaloin Gel for the Safe and Effective Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Singh Navdeep , Goyal Kamya , Sondhi Shivi , Jindal Shammy 
Published: September 2020

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease which cause inflammation to the skin and generally the symptoms includes white or red colour of irregular skin; the patches are developed and they are commonly itchy and scaly to the skin. Barbaloin is an herbal phytoconstituent which is obtained from the plant aloe vera leaf part. In the present study hydrogels formulation batches from F1 to F10 were prepared by using carbopol 934, Xanthan gum, carbopol 940, and carbopol 71G NF as a gelling agent. The prepared formulations from F1 to F10 were evaluated for their physical appearance, Grittiness, spreadability, Homogeneity, viscosity, pH, swelling index and microscopical evaluation. The changes in each evaluation parameter were examined at multiples concentration of each polymer. The effects of gelling agent in each formulation were observed and it will help us to justify the suitable range of polymer as a single or in combination with other gelling agent. From these studies it was found to be formulation F2, F4, F7 and F10 showing good gelling properties and further these four formulations are selected for In Vitro drug release studies. By In Vitro drug release kinetics study formulation F2 and F10 showed higher release as compared to F4 and F7. Furthermore, formulation F2 and F7 had good kinetic release study and showed non fickian drug release as the n value was between 0.8-0.9. Therefore, from the above release study parameters formulation F2 and F10 show the best optimized release characterstics as compare to the selected optimized formulations F4 and F7.
Keywords: Psoriasis, Barbaloin, Hydrogel, Formulation and Evaluation.
A Laconic Review on Extraction, Biological Activities of Herbal Formulations of Berberine: A Traditional Drug
Authors: Sondhi Shivi , Singh Navdeep , Goyal Kamya , Jindal Shammy 
Published: September 2020

Herbal formulation dosage form consists of one or more herbs processed in specified quantities to provide specific nutritional, cosmetic benefits use to diagnose the disease. Herbal formulations contain an active substance and preparation in combination of one or more herbal compounds. Berberis aristata is one of herbs of an ancient Ayurveda medicine and different properties along with various treatment of illness. Berberine, is a type of alkaloid which is quarternary protoberberine, is one of the known bioactive compounds scattered extensively in a number of clinically significant medicinal plants such as Hydrastis canadensis L., Phellodendron amurense R. ,Coptis japonica M., and Berberine containing plants have been used in traditional and folk medicine around the globe for centuries. It has been used for a, anti-pyretic diarrhea, bitter tonic, and eye infections. In the past three eras, Berberine has been studied intensively in over thousands cases because of its therapeutics, physicochemical effects, pharmacological, and physiological effects such as cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, anti leshmanial, and anti- secretory, effects. Berberine act as a phytoconstituents in formulations and available in ayurveda, allopathy, and homeopathy medicines. With this review, we will evaluate the various traditional and medicinal use of Berberine and their isolation and extraction procedure. We will also review the potential of this plant as various dosage forms for the treatment of various diseases.
Keywords: Berberine; Extraction Method; Isolation method; Skin problems