bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, characterization, and study of the nonlinear optical properties of a new prepared nanoparticles copolymer
Authors: Hussain Mahmoud Sh. , Hassan Qusay M. A. , Sultan H. A. , Al-Asadi Ahmed S. , Chayed Hani T. , Emshary C. A. 
Published: November 2019

The nonlinear optical properties of a nanoparticle polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile (PAn/PANr) copolymer newly prepared via experimental and theoretical findings are reported. Diffraction ring patterns result in the far field when a CW, visible, 473 nm, low power laser beam traverses the solution of PAn/PANr in the solvent ethanol. The diffraction ring patterns are usually used to estimate the nonlinear refractive index while the Z-scan is used to measure both nonlinear refractive index and its sign and nonlinear absorption coefficient. The experimentally observed ring patterns are numerically reproduced via the use of the Fresnel–Kirchhoff procedure. Good agreement between experimental findings and the numerical ones are obtained. The obtained diffraction ring patterns suffer modification in the vertical direction due to convection current as a result of local heating of the sample and the presence of gravity.
Two new species of dwarf rainbowfishes (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae) from northern Australia and southern New Guinea
Authors: HAMMER MICHAEL P. , ALLEN GERALD R. , MARTIN KEITH C. , ADAMS MARK , UNMACK PETER J. 
Published: November 2019

The ‘maccullochi species group’ of rainbowfishes are small and distinctly patterned freshwater fishes of streams and swamps, comprising around eight species. The species from which the group bears its name, Melanotaenia maccullochi Ogilby, 1915, has been thought to comprise three forms occurring in distinct geographic areas, and recent mitochondrial genetic data provides matching patterns of likely inter-specific divergence. Here we undertake a detailed investigation of the taxonomic status of M. maccullochi using a combined lines of evidence approach incorporating multiple nuclear genetic markers (55 allozyme loci), mitochondrial DNA sequence data (1141 bp cytochrome b) and morphology (examination of a suite of 38 morphometric and meristic characters). As all three datasets provide support for a three-way split, we accordingly describe two new species and redescribe M. maccullochi sensu stricto. McCulloch’s Rainbowfish M. maccullochi, a species with brown body stripes and red fins occurs in northeast Queensland and is redescribed based on 338 specimens, 13.1–53.0 mm SL. This species was one of the first rainbowfishes to become known in the aquarium hobby. A second form with darker stripes on a contrasting light white-grey body and with distinct sub-marginal black bands in the dorsal and anal fins, distributed across northern and eastern Cape York Peninsula, Torres Strait and southern central New Guinea, is described as Sahul Rainbowfish M. sahulensis sp. nov. based on 267 specimens, 13.4–48.4 mm SL. A diminutive and well geographically isolated form occurring below the escarpment of the Tabletop Range in Litchfield National Park, Northern Territory possessing a more prominent and purplish mid-lateral stripe, is described as the Little Rainbowfish Melanotaenia wilsoni sp. nov. based on 50 specimens, 19.3–33.3 mm SL. A combination of morphological characters is useful for separating the respective taxa with M. wilsoni sp. nov. the most distinctive, typically having fewer vertebrae, lateral scales, cheek scales, procurrent caudal rays and anal rays and proportionally a shorter maxilla and snout than either of the other two species. Useful characters for further separating M. sahulensis sp. nov. from M. maccullochi include slightly higher counts of vertebrae, lateral scales and anal rays and proportionally greater body depth, body width and pre-dorsal distance. Information on the known distribution, habitats and conservation status of the three species is summarised, with the Northern Territory species being a narrow-range endemic with specific environmental requirements.
Performance comparison of a structured bed reactor with and without a chimney tray on the gas-flow maldistribution: A computational fluid dynamics study
Authors: Troudi Hajer , Ghiss Moncef , Ellejmi Mohamed , Tourki Zoubeir 
Published: November 2019

In the present paper, two configurations of structured reactors (with and without) chimney tray placed below the packed bed have been investigated to study their effect on maldistribution factor and pressure drop characteristics. A simulation result based on a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics was involved using ANSYS Fluent. First, maldistribution factors without chimney tray were calculated and compared to the results taken from the literature. The results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data of Yuan et al. Second, the reactor with a chimney tray was modeled in Fluent, and steady-state simulations were performed. The uniformity due to the turbulence of the fluid was carried out using different turbulence models, and the velocity profiles along the axial direction inside the reactor were obtained. As a result, the comparison shows that the presence of a chimney tray yields lower maldistribution factor enhancement by 23% compared to the conventional structured reactor under the same operating condition. The effect of the plate orientation is also determined, and it is found that the maximum pressure drop is achieved through the rows with an orientation angle of α = 45° up to 2.3% higher than of α = 0° and α = 90°.
Social worker stress and an online meditation programme
Authors: Pandya Samta P 
Published: November 2019

Summary This article reports a study that investigates the impact of a three-month online meditation programme for geriatric social workers in South Asian cities for mitigating stress, improving professional quality of life, and building work competencies. Findings Results indicated that the online meditation sessions were effective (Cohen’s d range = 2.21–4.17, p =  .  001) in lowering perceived stress of geriatric social workers, mitigating burnout and vicarious traumatization and promoting higher levels of compassion satisfaction and geriatric social work competencies as compared to online music sessions. Meditation was more effective for women workers, Hindus and Buddhists, who undertook therapeutic interventions, and whose clientele were older adults with physical ailments, in home-care with cognitive impairments and hospice-living elderly. This was in comparison to men, Christian workers, whose work profile comprised resource mobilization and whose clientele were healthy community-dwelling older adults. Regular attendance of the online meditation sessions and self-practice were significant mediators of intervention impact. Applications The findings contribute to intervention research on mitigating stress at work and more specifically the stress of professional geriatric care-work. In addition to mitigating burnout and reducing emotional exhaustion, this person-directed online meditation programme also led to compassion satisfaction and bolstered competencies for geriatric practice.
Matrix metalloproteinase 7 in diagnosis and differentiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Arvidsson Mattias , Ahmed Abdulla , Bouzina Habib , Rådegran Göran 
Published: November 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe disease for which diagnosis often is delayed. Matrix metalloproteinases have been suggested to play a role in vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension development. Our aim was therefore to investigate the potential role of matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers in diagnosis and differentiation of pulmonary arterial hypertension in relation to various causes of dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension. Using proximity extension assays, 10 matrix metalloproteinases and associated proteins were analyzed in venous plasma from healthy controls (n = 20), as well as patients diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (n = 48), chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (n = 20), pulmonary hypertension due to heart failure with preserved (n = 33) or reduced (n = 36) ejection fraction, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction without pulmonary hypertension (n = 15). Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐2, ‐7, ‐9, ‐12 and TIMP‐4 were elevated (p < 0.01) in pulmonary arterial hypertension compared to controls. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐7 were furthermore lower (p < 0.0081) in pulmonary arterial hypertension than in all the other disease groups, but higher compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of matrix metalloproteinase‐7 resulted in sensitivity of 58.7% and a specificity of 83.3% for detecting pulmonary arterial hypertension among the other disease groups. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase‐7 may provide a potential new diagnostic tool to differentiate pulmonary arterial hypertension from other causes of dyspnea, including heart failure with or without pulmonary hypertension and healthy controls. Matrix metalloproteinase‐7 may furthermore be involved in the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Future studies investigating the clinical usefulness of matrix metalloproteinase‐7 in the differentiation and earlier diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as its relationship to pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis, are encouraged.
Platelets and cancer-associated thrombosis: focusing on the platelet activation receptor CLEC-2 and podoplanin
Authors: Suzuki-Inoue Katsue 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPatients with cancer have an increased risk of thromboembolism, which is the second leading cause of death in these patients. Several mechanisms of the prothrombotic state in these patients have been proposed. Among them are a platelet activation receptor, C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2), and its endogenous ligand podoplanin, which are the focus of this review. CLEC-2 is almost specifically expressed in platelets/megakaryocytes in humans. A membrane protein, podoplanin is expressed in certain types of cancer cells, including squamous cell carcinoma, brain tumor, and osteosarcoma, in addition to several normal tissues, including kidney podocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells but not vascular endothelial cells. In the bloodstream, podoplanin induces platelet activation by binding to CLEC-2 and facilitates hematogenous cancer metastasis and cancer-associated thrombosis. In an experimental lung metastasis model, the pharmacological depletion of CLEC-2 from platelets in mice resulted in a marked reduction of lung metastasis of podoplanin-expressing B16F10 cells. Control mice with B16F10 orthotopically inoculated in the back skin showed massive thrombus formation in the lungs, but the cancer-associated thrombus formation in CLEC-2–depleted mice was significantly inhibited, suggesting that CLEC-2–podoplanin interaction stimulates cancer-associated thrombosis. Thromboinflammation induced ectopic podoplanin expression in vascular endothelial cells or macrophages, which may also contribute to cancer-associated thrombosis. CLEC-2 depletion in cancer-bearing mice resulted in not only reduced cancer-associated thrombosis but also reduced levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines, anemia, and sarcopenia, suggesting that cancer-associated thrombosis may cause thromboinflammation and cancer cachexia. Blocking CLEC-2–podoplanin interaction may be a novel therapeutic strategy in patients with podoplanin-expressing cancer.
Raman Spectroscopic Characterizations of Self-Catalyzed InP/InAs/InP One-Dimensional Nanostructures on InP(111)B Substrate using a Simple Substrate-Tilting Method
Authors: Park Jeung Hun , Chung Choong-Heui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report optical phonon vibration modes in ensembles of self-catalyzed InP/InAs/InP multi core-shell one-dimensional nanostructures (nanopillars and nanocones) grown on InP(111)B substrates using liquid indium droplets as a catalyst via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. We characterized the Raman vibration modes of InAs E1(TO), InAs A1(TO), InAs E1(LO), InP E1(TO), InP A1(LO), and InP E1(LO) from the ensemble of as-grown nanostructures. We also identified second-order Raman vibration modes, associated with InP E1(2TO), E1(LO+TO), and E1(2LO), in the InP/InAs/InP core-shell nanopillars and nanocones. Raman spectra of InP/InAs/InP nanopillars showed redshift and broadening of LO modes at low-frequency branches of InAs and InP. Due to the polar nature in groups III–V nanowires, we observed strong frequency splitting between InAs E1(TO) and InAs A1(LO) in InP/InAs/InP nanocones. The Raman resonance intensities of InP and InAs LO modes are found to be changed linearly with an excitation power. By tilting the substrate relative to the incoming laser beam, we observed strong suppression of low-frequency branch of InP and InAs LO phonon vibrations from InP/InAs/InP nanocones. The integrated intensity ratio of InP E1(TO)/E1(LO) for both nanostructures is almost constant at 0-degree tilt, but the ratio of the nanocones is dramatically increased at 30-degree tilt. Our results suggest that Raman spectroscopy characterization with a simple substrate tilting method can provide new insights into non-destructive characterization of the shape, structure, and composition of the as-grown nanostructures for the wafer-scale growth and integration processing of groups III–V semiconducting hetero-nanostructures into nanoelectronics and photonics applications.
Detection of biological switches using the method of Gröebner bases
Authors: Arkun Yaman 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Bistability and ability to switch between two stable states is the hallmark of cellular responses. Cellular signaling pathways often contain bistable switches that regulate the transmission of the extracellular information to the nucleus where important biological functions are executed.

Results
In this work we show how the method of Gröebner bases can be used to detect bistability and output switchability. The method of Gröebner bases can be seen as a multivariate, non-linear generalization of the Gaussian elimination for linear systems which conveniently seperates the variables and drastically simplifies the simultaneous solution of polynomial equations. A necessary condition for fixed-point state bistability is for the Gröbner basis to have three distinct solutions for the state. A sufficient condition is provided by the eigenvalues of the local Jacobians. We also introduce the concept of output switchability which is defined as the ability of an output of a bistable system to switch between two different stable steady-state values. It is shown that bistability does not necessarily guarantee switchability of every state variable of the system. We further show that, for a bistable system, the necessary conditions for output switchability can be derived using the Gröebner basis. The theoretical results are incorporated into an analysis procedure and applied to several systems including the AKT (Protein kinase B), RAS (Rat Sarcoma) and MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) signal transduction pathways. Results demonstrate that the Gröebner bases can be conveniently used to analyze biological switches by simultaneously detecting bistability and output switchability.

Conclusion
The Gröebner bases provides a novel methodology to analyze bistability. Results clarify the distinction between bistability and output switchability which is lacking in the literature. We have shown that theoretically, it is possible to have an output subspace of an n-dimensional bistable system where certain variables cannot switch. It is possible to construct such systems as we have done with two reaction networks.
High prevalence of group B streptococcus ST17 hypervirulent clone among non-pregnant patients from a Hungarian venereology clinic
Authors: Kardos Szilvia , Tóthpál Adrienn , Laub Krisztina , Kristóf Katalin , Ostorházi Eszter , Rozgonyi Ferenc , Dobay Orsolya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Although Streptococcus agalactiae is the leading causative agent of neonatal sepsis and meningitis, recently it is increasingly isolated from non-pregnant adults. The relation between its presence in the genitourinary tract and manifested clinical symptoms of STD patients remains an open question. In this study, a complex epidemiological investigation of GBS isolates from a venerology clinic was performed.

Methods
Ninety-six GBS isolates were serotyped and their genetic relatedness determined by PFGE. MLST was also performed for a subset of 20 isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility was tested with agar dilution. Surface proteins and the ST-17 hypervirulent clone was detected by PCR.

Results
The serotype prevalence was the following: V (29.2%), III (27.1%), Ia (22.9%), IV (10.4%), II (5.2%) and Ib (4.2%). A strong association was demonstrated between surface protein genes and serotypes. All isolates were fully susceptible to penicillin, but erythromycin and clindamycin resistance was high (41.7 and 35.4%, respectively), and 8 phenotypically macrolide sensitive isolates carried the ermB gene.
21.9% of all strains belonged to the hypervirulent ST17 clone, most being of serotype III and all were rib +. We found a few serotype IV isolates belonging to several STs and one serotype V/ST110 strain, containing a 44-bp deletion in the atr allele.

Conclusions
The presence of silent ermB genes is of worry, as their expression upon macrolide exposure could lead to unforeseen therapeutic failure, while clindamycin is used for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, in case of penicillin allergy. The other alarming result is the high prevalence of ST17 among these strains from STD patients, who could be sources of further infections.
This is the first report from Hungary providing both serotyping and genotyping data of GBS isolates. These results could be helpful for vaccine production as the major vaccine candidates are capsular antigens or surface proteins.
Prenatal yoga for young women a mixed methods study of acceptability and benefits
Authors: Styles Amanda , Loftus Virginia , Nicolson Susan , Harms Louise 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
High rates of psychological-distress, trauma and social complexity are reported among young pregnant women. At the Royal Women’s Hospital, Australia, young pregnant women acknowledge wanting tools to improve maternal wellbeing yet remain challenging to engage in antenatal education and support. While yoga is a widely accepted and participated activity in pregnancy, with demonstrated benefits for adult pregnant women, adolescent women are often excluded from both these yoga interventions and related pregnancy studies.

Methods
This mixed methods study examined the acceptability and benefits of yoga for young women. We recruited 30 participants aged under 24 years, who were offered twice a week, one-hour voluntary prenatal yoga sessions throughout their pregnancy. A medical file audit gathered baseline demographics, pre and post yoga session surveys were administered and brief individual interview were conducted with study participants.

Results
While 26 study participants were positive about the availability of a yoga program, only 15 could attend yoga sessions (mean = 8 sessions, range 1–27). No differences were found in the demographic or psychosocial factors between those who did and did not attend the yoga sessions. The medical file audit found that 60% of all the study participants had a documented history of psychological distress.
Barriers to participation were pragmatic, not attitudinal, based on the timing of the group sessions, transport availability and their own health. All study participants identified perceived benefits, and the yoga participants identified these as improved relaxation and reduction of psychological distress; labour preparation; bonding with their baby in utero; and social connectedness with the yoga group peers.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated yoga was acceptable to young pregnant women. For those who did participate in the sessions, yoga was found to decrease self-reported distress and increase perceived skills to assist with their labour and the birth of their baby. The provision of accessible yoga programs for pregnant young women is recommended.
Prognostic factors and a new scoring system for survival of patients irradiated for bone metastases
Authors: Rades Dirk , Haus Rapha , Schild Steven E. , Janssen Stefan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Personalized therapy for bone metastases should consider the patients’ remaining lifespan. Estimation of survival can be facilitated with scoring tools. A new tool was developed, specifically designed to estimate 12-month survival.

Methods
In 445 patients irradiated for bone metastases, radiotherapy regimen plus 13 factors (age, gender, Karnofsky performance score (KPS), primary tumor type, interval between cancer diagnosis and RT of bone metastases, visceral metastases, other (non-irradiated) bone metastases, sites of bone metastases, number of irradiated sites, pathological fracture, fractionation of RT, pre-RT surgery, pre-RT administration of bisphosphonates/denosumab, pre-RT systemic anticancer treatment) were retrospectively analyzed for survival. Factors achieving significance (p < 0.05) or borderline significance (p < 0.055) on multivariate analysis were used for the scoring system. Twelve-month survival rates were divided by 10 (factor scores); factor scores were summed for each patient (patient scores).

Results
On multivariate analysis, survival was significantly associated with KPS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.91, p < 0.001) and primary tumor type (HR 1.12, p < 0.001); age achieved borderline significance (HR 1.14, p = 0.054). These factors were used for the scoring tool. Patient scores ranged from 8 to 17 points. Three groups were designated: 8–9 (A), 10–14 (B) and 15–17 (C) points. Twelve-month survival rates were 9, 38 and 72% (p < 0.001); median survival times were 3, 8 and 24 months.

Conclusions
This new tool developed for patients irradiated for bone metastases at any site without spinal cord compression allows one to predict the survival of these patients and can aid physicians when assigning the treatment to individual patients.