bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative design of the biological wastewater treatment system
Authors: Liu J , Qin X L , She N , Wu L Y , Bu Z W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A biological wastewater treatment system (BWTS), which composed of a 400 m2 biological wastewater treatment facility (BWTF) and a 100 m2 wetland landscaping lake, was designed to further treat the water quality of the recycling pond of an ecological sediment treatment plant of the Qingxi River in Qingxi Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China. BWTS was designed to treat the water of Class B of the Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918-2002) in the recycling pond into Class IV water of the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB3838-2002). The treatment capacity of BWTF was designed according to 1200 m3/d. The hydraulic load is 3m/d, volume load is 42 g (BOD)/(m3.d), and hydraulic retention time is 4 h. The inflow and outflow of BWTF were designed as the gravity flow without any power supply. The BWTF consists of active filtration facilities and plants with specific functions. The facility is capable of effectively filtering contaminants, especially with a very high removal efficiency of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). The BWTF has five innovative outlet control systems that will be used to further reduce the nitrogen content to prevent algae growth. At the same time, the system can also remove pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals and hydrocarbons from the water, increase oxygen content in the water and reduce BOD. The wetland landscaping lake was designed to further treat the water quality and recycling use. The surplus water is discharged into the Qingxi River by a pipe. As compared with traditional wetland treatment, BWTS has the advantages of less land occupation, high efficiency, long service life, and low operation and maintenance costs. The structure of the BWTF is similar to the raingarden, however, they have different medium mixture ratio and inflow & outflow layouts. The water of the recycling pond is transferred to the BWTF through three underground pipes with a diameter of 150 mm, then the flow goes through the layers of protection, medium and gravel, and enters the nearby wetland landscaping lake by five outlet control manholes, an open canal and an underground pipe.
An ecological sediment treatment technology based on zero emission and 4R concept
Authors: Liu J , Wang X X , She N , Wu L Y , Bu Z W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to reduce the amount of the contaminated sediment treatment and utilization, an ecological technology of sediment treatment was developed based on zero emission & 4R (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, and Revolution) concept, centrifugal solid-liquid separation technology and high speed suspended solid settlement technology by gravity and polymeric flocculants and the biological contact oxidation technology. The polluted sediment can be accurately divided into gravel, sand, silt and clay by four-stage treatment process. The dewatered clay is made into the mixture soil of the sponge city facilities or other building materials, gravel and sand are directly used as concrete aggregate, permeable bricks and the silts are used for backfill and planting soil. The treatment efficiency of the ecological sediment treatment technology is higher than the traditional sediment treatment process used in China, and there is no secondary pollution and cost savings. It can be widely applied to quick treatment of the sediment in the polluted rivers, reservoirs and lakes, and construction wastes of subway and tunnels. The investment of the new treatment system is about CNY25 million Yuan for deposits of 2.48 million cubic meters. The innovative ecological treatment technology has been successfully used in the sediment treatment of the Qingxi River in Qingxi Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province in 2019.
Risk assessment of groundwater contamination based on Geographic Information System in the southern suburb of Yinchuan, China
Authors: Wang H K , Liu F X , Qian H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Groundwater contamination risk assessment is a useful tool for groundwater prevention and control. In this study, groundwater risk assessment model was used to assess the risk to groundwater contamination in the southern suburb of Yinchuan city, north-western China. The high and higher contamination risks of the groundwater are mainly distributed in the southern part of the study area. The proportion of groundwater distribution risk in extremely low and low areas is relatively large, most of which are located on the east and west sides of the water source area. Groundwater depth, net recharge and pollution loading are main factors affecting the contamination risk on the study area. The evaluation results have practical significance for urban planning and construction, groundwater management and protection, and sustainable utilization of water resources.
The effects of mercury shock on the performance and microorganisms in biological wastewater treatment process
Authors: Wang D Q , Li X X , Yang Z J , Liu T , Chai G D , Tang G , Zheng X , Lin Y S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, the effects of Hg2+ shock on the removal efficiencies for organic matters and nutrient, enzyme activities, and microbial community structures in lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) were investigated. The results showed that the short-term exposure (6 h) to Hg2+ at 0.05 mM significantly reduced the removal efficiencies of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4
+-N) and orthophosphate (PO4
3--P). At lower concentration (0.01 mM) and prolonged (30 days) exposure condition, NH4
+-N removal was severely inhibited, and it was recovered after 15 days of restoration. Higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were detected in the Hg2+ shocked reactor and eventually restored to the control level after 60 days of restoration. No increase in the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed under both short-term and long-term shock conditions, indicating no irreversible damage to the cell membrane. The relative abundance of genus Zoogloea and Paracoccus were decreased after Hg2+ shock, which implies these microorganisms may be sensitive to heavy metal exposure.
The mountain torrent disasters and its effect on sediment transport after the Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Ding H R , Li Y , Ni S J , Shao C J , Shi Z M , Yan L , Lv L Q , Ni T , Gong R H , Shi L , Liu Y X 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
By analyzing the formation causes of the mountain torrent disasters as well as the distribution characteristics of rainstorm in Longmen Mountain area, and citing the typical post-seismic the mountain torrent disasters within 2008~2013 after the Wenchuan earthquake in the area as example, the character of post-seismic floods, the spatial distribution of the devasting post-seismic debris flows, the critical rainfall to trigger the mountain torrent disasters and so on are explored. Besides, the sediment before and after the Wenchuan earthquake of the Minjiang watershed are compared. The conclusions are as following: (1) The time of the post-seismic flash floods and debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake are centered from July to September, which is consistent with the rainfall of the area. (2) Rather than the debris flows are triggered when the rainfall intensity reached the critical rainfall intensity, those are closely linked with the pre-accumulated rainfall. That is to say, the more pre-accumulated rainfall, the more probability of the debris flows. (3) After the Wenchuan earthquake, the total sediment increases 13.8%~70%. But the increasing range is varied from year to year. In the year when the debris flow occurred, the sediment shall increase drastically.
The physiological responses of one algae species Scenedesmus quadricauda to ammonium and alanine
Authors: Hou X L , Ma D L , Yang K F , Wang R , Rong D L , Yin X T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In order to explore the role of inorganic and organic nitrogen on physiological process of Scenedesmus quadricauda, we studied the influence of two nitrogen compounds, ammonium and alanine nitrogen on growth, physiological characteristics. Chlorophyll a and maximal photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax) and Saturating Light intensity (Ik) were measured by Phyto-PAM under the concentration of nitrogen 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10, 20, 50 mg/L. Results indicated that Chlorophyll a of Scenedesmus quadricauda was the lowest in 0.5 mg/L and 50 mg/L, and it was the highest value in 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L in ammonium nitrogen treated group. In alanine experiment group, Chlorophyll a of Scenedesmus quadricauda was raised with the increase of alanine concentration and was positive relation with alanine concentration. These results showed that ammonium (<5 mg/L and >20 mg/L) inhibited the growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda and that alanine nitrogen is more easily for Scenedesmus quadricauda to take up. Fv/Fm, ETRmax and Ik of Scenedesmus quadricauda showed different tendency between ammonium and alanine experiment group. These parameters showed higher in 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L than that of the other concentration in ammonium experiment group. In alanine experiment group, Fv/Fm, ETRmax and Ik of Scenedesmus quadricauda were rising with higher alanine concentration and the fluctuation of these values of these parameters was in a small range. Scenedesmus quadricauda was sensitive to low ammonium concentration (<5 mg/L) and high ammonium concentration (> 20 mg/L). The higher alanine concentration promoted the growth of Scenedesmus quadricauda.
Study on the intensified reduction of farmland non-point source pollution in winter using thermally insulated ecological shallow ditch
Authors: Yang Y , Liu C , Chen Y , Zhou J , Lv W 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ecological shallow ditch is one of the effective methods to improve non-point source pollution of farmlands. However, during winter when the temperature is low, the operation capacity of the common ecological shallow ditch (CESD) is not satisfactory. In the present study, a thermally insulated ecological shallow ditch (TESD) was constructed, and the pollutant removal efficiency of the two ecological shallow ditches (thermal-insulation type versus common type) was compared. The changes in the number of bacteria inside these two types of shallow ditches were studied, and the underlying mechanism was analysed. The results showed that the thermally insulated ecological shallow ditch could partly reduce the adverse effects of low temperature and keep the surface temperature above 10°C. After 18 days of observation in the winter, the removal rates of COD, TN and TP in the effluent were respectively 1.3 times, 2.5 times and 1.3 times higher than those of the common type, and the concentration of bacteria in each site was also higher for TESD. The oxygen content in the soil layer and filler layer in TESD increased. Moreover, TESD also demonstrated higher microbial activity and more active plant growth than the CESD.
Research on renewable energy incentive policy based on evolutionary game
Authors: Zhang W , Liang Q , Xie C X , Luo Y Q 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In view of the current policy design, which is created to influence the growth of the renewable energy sector, the status quo of different subjects’ role orientation and behaviour mechanism is neglected. This paper constructs the evolutionary game model of the three parties in the renewable energy industry involved: government, enterprise and consumer. The results show that the initial stage of government incentive policies should increase subsidies to enterprises and increase price incentives for consumers. At the same time, enterprises must actively respond to the call of the state. With the further advancement of the policy, the government should reduce subsidies to enterprises appropriately, and urge enterprises to develop production technologies for renewable energy vigorously to reduce the operation of enterprises’ cost. The results can provide theoretical reference and realistic support for the government.
Analysis on Charging Demand of Shared Vehicle Based on Spatiotemporal Characteristic Variable Data Mining
Authors: Wang Haolin , Zhang Yongjun , Mao Haipeng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The wide application of shared vehicles in the future will bring about tremendous importance to the power grid and planning of charging facilities. At present, there are flaws in the prediction methods for shared vehicles charging demand. Based on data mining of national household travel survey(NHTS), this paper constructs a two-dimensional dynamic traffic behaviour model supported by spatiotemporal feature variables. Then, in order to explore the characteristics of continuous charging and centralized charging of shared vehicles, two charging scenarios are set to construct a charging behaviour model. Finally, the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the shared vehicle traffic charging behaviour, and get the result of the shared vehicle charging demand at different times and regions. The impact of the load on the grid is analyzed in the same time. The results show that the interactive spatial-temporal characteristic variables can reasonably describe the characteristics of time-space two-dimensional uncertain changes in shared vehicles and the method can make a scientific prediction of the shared vehicle charging demand.
Sustainable management of coffee fruit waste biomass in ecological farming systems at West Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Brunerová Anna , Haryanto Agus , Hasanudin Udin , Iryani Dewi Agustina , Telaumbanua Mareli , Herák David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPresent study focuses on fruit waste biomass generated during the postharvest treatments of coffee cherries (Coffea spp.) and its subsequent utilization within the waste-less, sustainable and ecological farming systems. Investigated samples were collected at the organic shaded multi-culture coffee plantations in West Lampung, Indonesia. Within the determination of most suitable subsequent utilization, the samples were subjected to the analysis of their basic chemical parameters, energy potential and ash composition. Three samples kinds were defined: I. CP (outer skin, pulp), II. CH (husk, silver skin, parchment) and III. CA (burned mixture of previous two waste materials). Obtained values proved following results; CP: Mc - 79.21%, Ac - 2.05%, CV - 17.19 MJ/kg; CH: Mc - 21.08%, Ac - 6.50%, CV - 18.14 MJ/kg; CA: Mc - 30.79%, Ac - 28.11%. Measured values proves the suitability of tested materials for combustion processes as a renewable source of clean energy (high energy potential), but also for the composting purposes (Potassium content K2O - 10.946%). A great potential of tested materials within their subsequent reuse was proved, as well as the fact that they represent a commodity suitable for further valorization.
Arsenic pollution assessment in surface sediment of the inner Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Yottiam A , Chaikeaw P , Srithongouthai S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Surface sediments of the inner Gulf of Thailand and four main river estuaries were collected for total arsenic analysis in order to assess spatial distribution pattern, contamination status, regulating factors and potential ecological risk. The study reveals that the arsenic concentrations in the surface sediment samples varied from 5.43–18.01 mg/kg dry weight. Higher arsenic concentrations were found in the Chao Phraya river estuary toward in the eastern of the inner Gulf of Thailand. Based on the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), arsenic was investigated most unlikely to cause any adverse effects. The result of geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was found to be less than 1, which indicated "unpolluted" state. Moreover, the potential risk of individual metal (Er) values directed that arsenic at all stations posed low ecological risks.
Oxidation leaching of tin anode slime by controlling potential
Authors: Chen Wei-Sheng , Zhong Yi-Fan , Wang Li-Pang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The selective leaching of tin anode slime was extremely important in the process of the recovery of tin anode slime. With the successful leaching, the efficiency of value metals recycling was elevated obviously. Hence, the pretreatment of tin anode slime was studied in this paper by using the environmental technology and hydrometallurgical approach to achieve the goal of valuable metal recovery from traditional waste tin anode slime. It is worth noting that there are a large amount of value metals including Sn, Sb, Bi, Cu and Ag in the tin anode slime. The results indicated the optimal conditions of leaching process are 3.0 M HCl with 0.1M NaClO3 and liquid-solid mass ratio of 30 ml/g in 30 minutes at 45 degrees of Celsius and about Sn 85.32%, Sb 96.93%, Bi 97.63%. Meanwhile, silver and copper were all leached out by HCl solution in the leaching of tin anode slime.
Microstructure transformation and twinning mechanism of 304 stainless steel tube during hydraulic bulging
Authors: Song G S , Ji K S , Song H W , Zhang S H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
At room temperature, the hollow shaft of AISI 304 stainless steel tubes was produced by a hydraulic bulging process. The behavior of strain-induced austenite to martensite transformation and the twin crystallographic nature of AISI 304 stainless steel tubes at different positions after hydraulic bulging were discussed. The results have demonstrated that strain-induced austenite to martensite transformation occurred in AISI 304 stainless steel tubes during hydraulic bulging, resulting in the formation of the α′-martensite phase, and the volume fraction of martensite gradually increased with an increase in strain. The austenite and α′-martensite phases maintained lattice coherency throughout and followed the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K-S) relationship in terms of lattice coherency. During the deformation process, de-twinning occurred in the austenite and the deformation twins were formed in α′-martensite. With the increase in strain, the volume fraction of the annealing twins gradually reduced until complete disappearance in the austenite. The volume fraction of the deformation twins increased in the martensite with an increase in strain, and finally reached saturation.
Anterior and Posterior Commissuroplasty: Taking Labiaplasty to the Next Level
Authors: Turin Sergey Y , Kearney Aaron , Placik Otto J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

As the popularity of female cosmetic genital surgery has grown, so has the number of publications detailing surgical techniques, particularly regarding labiaplasty. As a nascent surgical field, much room remains for finesse and exploration of new techniques to optimize outcomes and patient satisfaction. We present the techniques for anterior and posterior commissuroplasty the senior author (O.J.P.) has developed. Anterior commissuroplasty is efficacious in addressing a number of anatomic variations to achieve the appearance of a single midline cleft, which is commonly requested by patients. Posterior commissuroplasty was developed to address skin excess at the posterior fourchette that may develop as a result of labiaplasty. Either technique may be used in combination with labiaplasty or as a stand-alone procedure. These tools may be a useful addition to the repertoire of a surgeon practicing female genital surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4
Grindr Users Take More Risks, but Are More Open to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: Could This Dating App Provide a Platform for HIV Prevention Outreach?
Authors: Hoenigl Martin , Little Susan J , Grelotti David , Skaathun Britt , Wagner Gabriel A , Weibel Nadir , Stockman Jamila K , Smith Davey M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Technology has changed the way that men who have sex with men (MSM) seek sex. More than 60% of MSM in the United States use the internet and/or smartphone-based geospatial networking apps to find sex partners. We correlated use of the most popular app (Grindr) with sexual risk and prevention behavior among MSM.

Methods
A nested cohort study was conducted between September 2018 and June 2019 among MSM receiving community-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening in central San Diego. During the testing encounter, participants were surveyed for demographics, substance use, risk behavior (previous 3 months), HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use, and Grindr usage. Participants who tested negative for HIV and who were not on PrEP were offered immediate PrEP.

Results
The study included 1256 MSM, 1090 of whom (86.8%) were not taking PrEP. Overall, 580 of 1256 (46%) participants indicated that they used Grindr in the previous 7 days. Grindr users reported significantly higher risk behavior (greater number of male partners and condomless sex) and were more likely to test positive for chlamydia or gonorrhea (8.6% vs 4.7% of nonusers; P = .005). Grindr users were also more likely to be on PrEP (18.7% vs 8.7% of nonusers; P &lt; .001) and had fewer newly diagnosed HIV infections (9 vs 26 among nonusers; P = .014). Grindr users were also nearly twice as likely as nonusers to initiate PrEP (24.6% vs 14%; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Given the higher risk behavior and greater acceptance of PrEP among MSM who used Grindr, Grindr may provide a useful platform to promote HIV and STI testing and increase PrEP uptake.
In-Host Evolution of Daptomycin Resistance and Heteroresistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains From Three Endocarditis Patients
Authors: Ji Shujuan , Jiang Shengnan , Wei Xiang , Sun Lu , Wang Haiping , Zhao Feng , Chen Yan , Yu Yunsong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Daptomycin is considered an important alternative for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, treatment failures associated with daptomycin nonsusceptibility isolates have been reported in recent years.

Methods
In this study, we investigated serial MRSA strains from 3 endocarditis patients who had breakthrough bacteremia, despite treatment with daptomycin. The strains were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing, molecular typing, and mutation screening. Population analysis and growth curves were also applied to evaluate heteroresistance and fitness cost.

Results
This series of MRSA strains belonged to ST5, ST59, and ST4513. The daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations for these MRSA strains increased after daptomycin exposure, whereas daptomycin-resistant strains emerged with mutations in mprF and yycH. Population analysis profiling results demonstrated the presence of a daptomycin-heteroresistant subpopulation among daptomycin-susceptible MRSA strains, and no significant fitness cost was observed within these heteroresistant MRSA clones.

Conclusions
We confirmed that daptomycin heteroresistance and resistance could emerge rapidly in MRSA strains of different lineages after daptomycin exposure. Further studies to fully understand the mechanism(s) underlying daptomycin resistance in MRSA are required.