bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next-to-leading power threshold effects for inclusive and exclusive processes with final state jets
Authors: van Beekveld Melissa , Beenakker Wim , Laenen Eric , White Chris D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is well known that cross-sections in perturbative QCD receive large corrections from soft and collinear radiation, which can be resummed to all orders in the coupling. Whether or not the universal properties of this radiation can be extended to next-to-leading power (NLP) in the threshold expansion has been the subject of much recent study. In particular, universal forms for next-to-leading order (NLO) cross-sections have been obtained for general colour-singlet production processes by considering only the emission of gluons. In this paper, we extend such formulae to processes containing final state jets, and show that the dominant NLP terms at NLO can be obtained using a similar prescription to the colour-singlet case. We furthermore consider the emission of soft quarks, which also leads to a class of universal NLP contributions at NLO. We illustrate our results using three different processes at NLO: deep-inelastic scattering, hadroproduction via electron-positron annihilation and prompt photon production.
Lepton-trijet and displaced vertex searches for heavy neutrinos at future electron-proton colliders
Authors: Antusch Stefan , Fischer Oliver , Hammad A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectron proton (ep) colliders could provide particle collisions at TeV energies with large data rates while maintaining the clean and pile up-free environment of lepton colliders, which makes them very attractive for heavy neutrino searches. Heavy (mainly sterile) neutrinos with masses around the electroweak scale are proposed in low scale seesaw models for neutrino mass generation. In this paper, we analyse two of the most promising signatures of heavy neutrinos at ep colliders, the lepton-flavour violating (LFV) lepton-trijet signature and the displaced vertex signature. In the considered benchmark model, we find that for heavy neutrino masses around a few hundred GeV, the LFV lepton-trijet signature at ep colliders yields the best sensitivity of all currently discussed heavy neutrino signatures (analysed at the reconstructed level) up to now.
Fine mapping qGL2H, a major locus controlling grain length in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Watt Calum , Zhou Gaofeng , McFawn Lee-Anne , Li Chengdao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Key message
A major grain length QTL on chromosome 2H was fine mapped to a 140.9 Kb region containing three genes.

Abstract
Increasing yield is an important target for barley breeding programs. One approach to increase yield is by enhancing individual grain weights through the regulation of grain size. Fine mapping major grain size-related quantitative trait loci is necessary for future marker-assisted selection strategies, yet studies of this nature are limited in barley. In the present study, we utilised a doubled haploid population derived from two Australian malt barley varieties, Vlamingh and Buloke, coupled with extensive genotypic and phenotypic data from three independent environments. A major grain length locus identified on chromosome 2H designated qGL2H was fine mapped to a 140.9 Kb interval. qGL2H was able to account for 25.4% of the phenotypic variation for grain length and 10.2% for grain yield. Underlying qGL2H were three high-confidence predicted genes. One of these genes encodes a MYB transcription factor and represents a promising candidate for further genetic research.
Radiation dose and fluoroscopy time of modern endovascular treatment techniques in patients with saccular unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Forbrig Robert , Ozpeynirci Yigit , Grasser Matthias , Dorn Franziska , Liebig Thomas , Trumm Christoph G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Modern endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) demands for observance of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). The national DRL (250 Gy cm2) is only defined for coiling. We provide dosimetric data for the following procedures: coiling, flow diverter (FD), Woven EndoBridge (WEB), combined techniques.

Methods
A retrospective single-centre study of saccular UIAs treated between 2015 and 2019. Regarding dosimetric analysis, the parameters dose area product (DAP) and fluoroscopy time were investigated for the following variables: endovascular technique, aneurysm location, DSA protocol, aneurysm size, and patient age.

Results
Eighty-seven patients (59 females, mean age 54 years) were included. Total mean and median DAP (Gy cm2) were 119 ± 73 (89–149) and 94 (73; 130) for coiling, 128 ± 53 (106–151) and 134 (80; 176) for FD, 128 ± 56 (102–153) and 118 (90; 176) for WEB, and 165 ± 102 (110–219) and 131 (98; 209) for combined techniques (p > .05). Regarding the aneurysm location, neither DAP nor fluoroscopy time was significantly different (p > .05). The lowest and highest fluoroscopy times were recorded for WEB and combined techniques, respectively (median 26 and 94 min; p < .001). A low-dose protocol yielded a 43% reduction of DAP (p < .001). Significantly positive correlations were found between DAP and both aneurysm size (r = .320, p = .003) and patient age (r = .214, p = .046).

Conclusions
This UIA study establishes novel local DRLs for modern endovascular techniques such as FD and WEB. A low-dose protocol yielded a significant reduction of radiation dose.

Key Points
• This paper establishes local diagnostic reference levels for modern endovascular treatment techniques of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, including flow diverter stenting and Woven EndoBridge device.
• Dose area product was not significantly different between endovascular techniques and aneurysm locations, but associated with aneurysm size and patient age.
• A low-dose protocol yielded a significant reduction of dose area product and is particularly useful when applying materials with a high radiopacity (e.g. platinum coils).
Patient-reported burden of intensified surveillance and surgery in high-risk individuals under pancreatic cancer surveillance
Authors:   the Dutch Familial Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance Study Group, Overbeek Kasper A. , Cahen Djuna L. , Kamps Anne , Konings Ingrid C. A. W. , Harinck Femme , Kuenen Marianne A. , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Besselink Marc G. , van Eijck Casper H. , Wagner Anja , Ausems Margreet G. E. , van der Vlugt Manon , Fockens Paul , Vleggaar Frank P. , Poley Jan-Werner , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Bleiker Eveline M. A. , Bruno Marco J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn high-risk individuals participating in a pancreatic cancer surveillance program, worrisome features warrant for intensified surveillance or, occasionally, surgery. Our objectives were to determine the patient-reported burden of intensified surveillance and/or surgery, and to assess post-operative quality of life and opinion of surgery. Participants in our pancreatic cancer surveillance program completed questionnaires including the Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). For individuals who underwent intensified surveillance, questionnaires before, during, and ≥ 3 weeks after were analyzed. In addition, subjects who underwent intensified surveillance in the past 3 years or underwent surgery at any time, were invited for an interview, that included the Short-Form 12 (SF-12). A total of 31 high-risk individuals were studied. During the intensified surveillance period, median CWS scores were higher (14, IQR 7), as compared to before (12, IQR 9,P = 0.007) and after (11, IQR 7,P = 0.014), but eventually returned back to baseline (P = 0.823). Median HADS scores were low: 5 (IQR 6) for anxiety and 3 (IQR 5) for depression, and they were unaffected by the intensified surveillance period. Of the 10 operated patients, 1 (10%) developed diabetes and 7 (70%) pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. The interviews yielded median quality-of-life scores comparable to the general population. Also, after surgery, patients’ attitudes towards surveillance were unchanged (5/10, 50%) or became more positive (4/10, 40%). Although patients were aware of the (sometimes benign) pathological outcome, when asked if surgery had been justified, only 20% (2/10) disagreed, and all would again have chosen to undergo surgery. In conclusion, in individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer, intensified surveillance temporarily increased cancer worries, without affecting general anxiety or depression. Although pancreatic surgery led to substantial co-morbidity, quality of life was similar to the general population, and surgery did not negatively affect the attitude towards surveillance.
Pulsed flow-through cultivation of Margaritifera margaritifera: Effects of water source and food quantity on the survival and growth of juveniles
Authors: Hyvärinen Heini S. H. , Chowdhury M. Motiur R. , Taskinen Jouni 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConservation of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (FPM) includes artificially rearing juveniles, but the pulsed flow-through (PFT) method, enabling the continuous renewal of water and food in culture containers, has not been applied to FPM. This study tested the PFT method in culture of FPM juveniles, and the effect of water source (tap vs well water) and food concentration (mixture of commercial phytoplankton products) on the survival and growth of juveniles. Beaker-specific survival rates varied from 0 to 100% (mean: 34%) and from 0 to 58% (mean: 16%) in the 1st (2-week) and 2nd (10-week) experiment, respectively. In the 1st experiment, juveniles attained statistically significantly bigger sizes and more than two times higher survival in well water than they did in tap water. In both experiments, the food concentration of 0.250 µl/l resulted in the highest survival (compared to other concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 0.500 µl/l). However, food concentration did not have a significant effect on size of juvenile FPM in either of the experiments. Results indicate that the PFT system is suitable for FPM rearing experiments, but its applicability to mass culture of FPM juveniles requires further investigation.
On the Hydration of the Rare Earth Ions in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Rudolph Wolfram W. , Irmer Gert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe totally symmetric stretching mode $$\nu_{1}$$ν1 Ln–(OH2) of the first hydration shells of all the rare earth (RE) ions across the series from lanthanum to lutetium has been measured on dilute aqueous perchlorate solutions at room temperature. An S-shaped relationship has been found between the $$\nu_{1}$$ν1 Ln–(OH2) peak positions and the Ln–(OH2) bond distances of the lanthanide(III) aqua ions. While the light rare earth ions form nona-hydrates, the heavy ones form octa-hydrates and the rare earth ions in the middle of the series show non integer hydration numbers between 9 and 8. A relationship between wavenumber positions $$\nu_{1}$$ν1 Ln–(OH2) and the Ln–(OH2) bond distances of the RE hydrates has been given. Recent quantum mechanical calculations support the given interpretation.
Spectral Analysis of Fractional Hyperbolic Diffusion Equations with Random Data
Authors: Leonenko Nikolai , Vaz Jayme 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper studies the fundamental solutions to fractional in time hyperbolic diffusion equation or telegraph equations and their properties. Then it derives the exact solutions of the fractional hyperbolic diffusion equation with random data in terms of series expansions of isotropic in space spherical random fields on the unit sphere. Numerical illustration are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Revising Probabilities and Full Beliefs
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new formal model of belief dynamics is proposed, in which the epistemic agent has both probabilistic beliefs and full beliefs. The agent has full belief in a proposition if and only if she considers the probability that it is false to be so close to zero that she chooses to disregard that probability. She treats such a proposition as having the probability 1, but, importantly, she is still willing and able to revise that probability assignment if she receives information that gives her sufficient reasons to do so. Such a proposition is (presently) undoubted, but not undoubtable (incorrigible). In the formal model it is assigned a probability 1 −δ, whereδis an infinitesimal number. The proposed model employs probabilistic belief states that contain several underlying probability functions representing alternative probabilistic states of the world. Furthermore, a distinction is made between update and revision, in the same way as in the literature on (dichotomous) belief change. The formal properties of the model are investigated, including properties relevant for learning from experience. The set of propositions whose probabilities are infinitesimally close to 1 forms a (logically closed) belief set. Operations that change the probabilistic belief state give rise to changes in this belief set, which have much in common with traditional operations of belief change.
Cophonologies by Ph(r)ase
Authors: Sande Hannah , Jenks Peter , Inkelas Sharon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhonological alternations are often specific to morphosyntactic context. For example, stress shift in English occurs in the presence of some suffixes,-al, but not others,-ing: "Equation missing", "Equation missing", "Equation missing". In some cases a phonological process applies only in words of certain lexical categories. Previous theories have stipulated that such morphosyntactically conditioned phonology is word-bounded. In this paper we present a number of long-distance morphologically conditioned phonological effects, cases where phonological processes within one word are conditioned by another word or the presence of a morpheme in another word. We provide a model, Cophonologies by Phase, which extends Cophonology Theory, intended to capture word-internal and lexically specified phonological alternations, to cyclically generated syntactic constituents. We show that Cophonologies by Phase makes better predictions about the long-distance morphologically conditioned phonological effects we find across languages than previous frameworks. Furthermore, Cophonologies by Phase derives such effects without requiring the phonological component to directly reference syntactic features or structure.
Disaggregating the dependent variable in policy feedback research: an analysis of the EU Emissions Trading System
Authors: Moore Brendan , Jordan Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe literature on policy dynamics has long argued for a better conceptualization and measurement of the dependent variable (“policy”), but this fundamental point has often been neglected in the policy feedback literature. In this paper, we explore how far disaggregating policy into different elements (policy instruments, objectives, and settings) addresses this gap. We do so by examining the world’s largest market-based climate policy instrument—emissions trading in the European Union—and reveal a number of valuable new insights. First, even if positive policy feedback locks in a policy instrument, actor contestation does not disappear, but narrows down to the more detailed level of policy settings. Second, feedback may operate differently at each policy level: the policy instrument and its settings may strengthen at the same time as support for broader objectives weakens. Finally, positive feedback may simultaneously strengthen opposing actors’ support for multiple policy elements, leading to a form of “policy stability by stalemate.” These findings highlight the need for a new, interdisciplinary phase of policy feedback research that more fully disaggregates the dependent variable across a wider range of policy areas and policy instrument types. Policy scientists are well equipped to contribute to and benefit from such a debate.
The WHOQOL-BREF: a modern psychometric evaluation of its internal construct validity in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors:   TONiC Study Group, Pomeroy I. M. , Tennant A. , Mills R. J. , Young C. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) differentially impact upon quality of life (QoL) and a comprehensive measure is required for use in observational and interventional studies. This study examines the abbreviated World Health Organisation Quality of Life tool (WHOQOL-BREF) which was designed to be used as a broad measure of QoL across different cultures and diseases.

Methods
Data were collected from 3186 subjects as part of the TONiC study in MS and was examined with a systematic, iterative approach using Rasch analysis to investigate the internal construct validity of the WHOQOL-BREF.

Results
Mean age was 49.8 years (SD 11.8), disease duration was 11.2 years (SD 9.6) and 73.2% were female. Subjects represented all stages of MS with EDSS scores of 0–4, 4.5–6.5, 7–7.5 and ≥ 8 seen in 49.8%, 38.5%, 6.8% and 4.9% of patients, respectively. Using a super-item approach, it was possible to demonstrate fit to the assumptions of the Rasch model for 3 of the 4 domains of the WHOQOL-BREF (physical, psychological and environment) as well as a broad 24-item total score. In addition, item subsets derived from the stem of each question were shown to function as novel scales measuring impact and life satisfaction. We have provided transformation tables from ordinal raw scores to interval scales where data are complete.

Conclusions
The validation of multiple conceptual frameworks validates the WHOQOL-BREF as a powerful and flexible end-point for use in clinical trials and in testing conceptual models of factors influencing QoL in MS.
Analytical Solutions for a 1D Scale Inhibitor Transport Model with Coupled Adsorption and Precipitation
Authors: Stamatiou A. , Sorbie K. S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn a previous publication (Sorbie and Stamatiou in Transp Porous Media 123:271–287, 2018), we presented a one-dimensional analytical solution for scale inhibitor transport and retention in a porous medium through a kinetic precipitation mechanism. In this process, a chemical complex of the scale inhibitor precipitates within the porous matrix and it then re-dissolves through a kinetic solubilisation process. Considering the re-dissolution of this precipitate in a one-dimensional linear system such as a reservoir layer or indeed in a laboratory core/pack flood, the flowing aqueous phase gradually dissolves the precipitate which is then eluted from the system. The most novel aspect of this previous analytical solution arose from the fact that, at a certain point in time (or pore volume throughput), the precipitate in the system was locally fully re-dissolved, forming an internal moving boundary between where no precipitate remained (closer to the system inlet) and where a precipitate was present (further into the system up to the outlet). In the current paper, we extend this work by presenting analytical solutions for the case where precipitation/dissolution occurs simultaneously with an adsorption/desorption interaction between the scale inhibitor and the rock surface, described by the nonlinear Langmuir isotherm. When examining this more complex problem in the flow scenario where the local precipitate is completely dissolved, several interesting analytical solution structures are obtained as a result of the internal moving boundary. Which of these structures occurs is rigorously categorised according to the solubility, the initial levels of precipitate and adsorbate, as well as the shape of the Langmuir isotherm. After the mathematical development of the analytical solutions, they are applied to some example problems which are compared with numerical solutions. Finally, a number of different generic features in the scale inhibitor effluent concentration profile are predicted and discussed with regard to practical field applications.
Impulsivity and Impulsivity-Related Endophenotypes in Suicidal Patients with Substance Use Disorders: an Exploratory Study
Authors: Costanza Alessandra , Rothen Stéphane , Achab Sophia , Thorens Gabriel , Baertschi Marc , Weber Kerstin , Canuto Alessandra , Richard-Lepouriel Hélène , Perroud Nader , Zullino Daniele 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSuicidal behavior (SB) is a major problem in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). However, little is known about specific SB risk factors in this population, and pathogenetic hypotheses are difficult to disentangle. This study investigated some SB and SUD-related endophenotypes, such as impulsivity, aggression, trait anger, and risk-taking behaviors (RTBs), in forty-eight patients with SUDs in relation to lifetime history of suicide attempts (SAs). Disorders related to alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, and hallucinogenic drugs were included. Lifetime SAs was significantly associated with both higher impulsivity and higher aggression, but not with trait anger. A higher number of RTBs were associated with lifetime SAs and higher impulsivity, but not with aggression and trait anger. Assessing these endophenotypes could refine clinical SB risk evaluation in SUDs patients by detecting higher-risk subgroups. An important limitation of this study is exiguity of its sample size. Its primary contribution is inclusion of all SUD types.
Blueprint for the Development and Sustainability of National Nanosafety Centers
Authors: Shandilya Neeraj , Marcoulaki Effie , Vercauteren Sven , Witters Hilda , Salazar-Sandoval Eric Johansson , Viitanen Anna-Kaisa , Bressot Christophe , Fransman Wouter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work presents a blueprint or set of guidelines for the planning and development of sustainable national centers dealing with the safety of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies toward public health and environment. The blueprint was developed following a methodological approach of EU-wide online survey and workshop with several stakeholders. The purpose was to identify the key elements and challenges in the development and sustainability of a national nanosafety center. The responses were received from representatives of 16 national nanosafety centers across Europe and 44 people from 18 EU member states who represented the stakeholder groups of researchers, academics, industry, regulators, civil society, and consultants. By providing an overview of the organizational design of existing national nanosafety centers across EU and converging demands in the field of nanosafety, the blueprint principally benefits those EU member states who do not have a national nanosafety center, but intend to develop an entity to manage the human health, environmental, ethical, and social concerns/risks toward the growing nationwide activities on engineered nanomaterials, e.g., their production, use or disposal, at national level.
Unusual Iron Nitride Formation Upon Nitriding Fe-Si Alloy
Authors: Meka S. R. , Schubert A. , Bischoff E. , Mittemeijer E. J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The influence of Si, substitutionally dissolved in ferritic Fe-2 at. pct Si and Fe-4.5 at. pct Si alloys, on the nucleation and growth of γ′ iron nitride upon controlled gaseous nitriding was investigated. The nitrided specimens were characterized by XRD, light microscopy, TEM, EELS, EPMA and EBSD. The combination of difficult and thus delayed precipitation of (1) silicon nitride, because of a large misfit with the ferrite matrix, and (2) γ′ iron nitride, because of the negligible solubility of Si, was shown to lead to a series of unusual, nonequilibrium phenomena: high nitrogen supersaturation, development of Si-containing metastable γ′ phase of peculiar morphology, precipitation of amorphous silicon nitride in γ′ and development of ε nitride at thermodynamic conditions unlikely to allow its formation.