bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β1 Integrins Are Necessary for Medial Prefrontal Cortex Development and Function
Authors: Kietzman Henry W. , Shapiro Lauren P. , Gourley Shannon L. 
Published: April 2020

Proper development and maturation of the brain relies on periods of structural remodeling. These structural adaptations require coordinated signaling between the extracellular environment and the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Composed of an α subunit responsible for extracellular ligand binding and a β subunit that activates intracellular signaling, integrin receptors provide such a link. Here we tested the hypothesis that the β1 subunit, localized to neuronal synapses and abundant in the mammalian prefrontal cortex, would be essential to prefrontal cortical development, which extends well into adolescence. We used viral‐mediated gene silencing to reduce β1‐integrins in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), delivering viral vectors just prior to the onset of adolescence or in adulthood. Early‐life, but not adult‐onset, β1‐integrin silencing eliminated dendritic spines, the primary sites of excitatory plasticity in the brain. To assess functional consequences, we focused on goal‐directed decision making. The mPFC is necessary for acquiring and consolidating associations between actions and their outcomes, such that mPFC inactivation causes organisms to defer to habitual behavior, which is insensitive to outcomes. We trained mice to nose poke for food reinforcers, then decreased either: 1) the predictive contingency between nose poking and food, or 2) food value. Early‐life β1‐integrin silencing occluded behavioral sensitivity to action‐outcome associations in both conditions, causing habits. Meanwhile, depression‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors were intact. Our findings suggest that developmental β1‐integrins are necessary for mPFC maturation and function.Support or Funding InformationThe work in the SLG lab was supported by NIH F31MH109208 and R01MH117103. The Yerkes National Primate Research Center was supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure Programs/OD P51 OD011132.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
The Effect of Engaging in a Lifestyle Weight Loss Program on Adaptive Thermogenesis in Older Adults
Authors: Baugh Mary Elizabeth , Brinkley Tina , Houston Denise , Lyles Mary , Hugenschmidt Christina , Beavers Kristen , Leng Xiaoyan , Nicklas Barbara 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveStudies in younger adults show that weight loss results in adaptive thermogenesis, a reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR) beyond what is predicted by changes in body composition. However, whether adaptive thermogenesis occurs in response to weight loss in older adults is not as well documented. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether adaptive thermogenesis occurs in older adults engaging in a lifestyle weight loss program involving aerobic exercise training (AEX) and dietary caloric restriction (CR).MethodsOlder (65–79 yrs) sedentary men and women with obesity (BMI: 30–45 kg/m2) participated in a 20‐week study assessing the effects of adding CR to AEX on cardiorespiratory fitness and physical function outcomes. Participants were randomly assigned to CR+AEX (n=107) or AEX only (n=41). All participants engaged in the same treadmill walking program of 4 days/week for 30 minutes at 65–70% heart rate reserve. Baseline and post‐intervention RMR and body composition were measured with indirect calorimetry and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, respectively. Baseline measures of body composition, age, and sex were used to generate a linear regression equation to predict RMR. To determine metabolic changes resulting from the intervention, post‐intervention measures were applied to the same regression equation. Adaptive thermogenesis was calculated as the difference between predicted and measured RMR post‐intervention; a value <0 indicated the presence of adaptive thermogenesis.ResultsThe CR+AEX group lost more body weight (−8.9 ± 4.4 vs. −1.5 ± 3.5 kg, p<0.01) and fat free mass (FFM; −2.4 ± 2.2 vs. −0.5 ± 2.1 kg, p<0.01) compared with AEX. Measured RMR was similar in CR+AEX compared with AEX before (1365 ± 275 vs. 1378 ± 256 kcal/d, p=0.79) and after (1294 ± 259 vs. 1332 ± 252 kcal/d, p=0.42) the intervention. Adaptive thermogenesis was similar in CR+AEX compared with AEX (−23 ± 159 vs. −33 ± 189 kcal/d, p=0.73). There was large individual variability in the degree of adaptive thermogenesis in both groups (CR+AEX: −409 to 376 kcal/d; AEX: −534 to 359 kcal/d), which did not correlate with the individual degree of relative or absolute CR or to the individual amount of weight lost (all p>0.05).ConclusionsCompared with AEX alone, older adults engaging in weight loss by CR and AEX did not experience a greater decline in RMR beyond what was expected from changes in body composition. Since individual variability in adaptive thermogenesis was not related to amount of weight lost or CR, further research is needed to identify factors that cause adaptive thermogenesis in some older individuals.Support or Funding InformationNIH R01 HL093713 (BJN), NIA P30 AG021332, NIH T32 AG033534This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
OUTCOMES OF COMBINED PHACOEMULSIFICATION AND PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Tan Alexia , Bertrand-Boiché Mathilde , Angioi-Duprez Karine , Berrod Jean-Paul , Conart Jean-Baptiste 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate and to compare the anatomical and functional results of phacovitrectomy and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) alone for phakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
Retrospective, comparative case series of 266 phakic eyes that underwent either combined phacovitrectomy or PPV alone for primary retinal detachment. The primary anatomical success rate, the final best-corrected visual acuity, and the refractive outcomes were analyzed.

Results:
One hundred and twenty-seven eyes were included in the combined group and 139 in the PPV group. The primary anatomical success rate was 84.3% in the combined group and 89.2% in the PPV group (P = 0.311). One hundred and nine (78.4%) eyes of the PPV group required cataract removal for visual rehabilitation during the follow-up period. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean final best-corrected visual acuity (P = 0.185) and mean visual changes (P = 0.470). Overall, combined cataract extraction resulted in a significant myopic shift compared with delayed cataract surgery (P = 0.047).

Conclusion:
Combined phacoemulsification and PPV is a safe and effective procedure to treat retinal detachment. The anatomical and functional results were comparable with those obtained with PPV and delayed cataract surgery. However, the refractive outcomes were less favorable and shifted toward myopia, especially in macula-off cases.
Nurses' Perspective of Treating Patients With an Amputation Due to Diabetic Foot Syndrome
Authors: Font-Jimenez Isabel , Acebedo-Uridales Maria Sagrario , Aguaron-Garcia Maria Jesus , De Sousa Maria Rui , Rubio-Rico Lourdes 
Published: April 2020

Background
Expert nurses must provide both physical and emotional care to patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) who require an amputation. This includes helping patients and families to cope with this situation, while ensuring the maximum level of comfort.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore the perspective of expert nurses on the needs and hospital care of people requiring an amputation due to DFS.

Method
This was a qualitative multicenter study involving 8 hospitals in Spain and Portugal. In-depth interviews with expert nurses were transcribed verbatim to enable content analysis.

Results
Twenty-four expert nurses were interviewed about their knowledge and experience of treating patients with diabetic foot disease. Two themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: (1) poor self-care and the disease trajectory, and (2) effective hospital care.

Conclusions
The results of this study highlight the key role that expert nurses play in the care of patients with DFS. Expert nurses considered that amputation leaves the individual physically and psychologically vulnerable, especially upon discharge from hospital. It is therefore essential to provide these patients with comprehensive and multidisciplinary care that includes emotional support.
Multimodality Assessment of Thoracic Aortic Dimensions
Authors: Frazao Caio , Tavoosi Anahita , Wintersperger Bernd J. , Nguyen Elsie T. , Wald Rachel M. , Ouzounian Maral , Hanneman Kate 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to compare thoracic aortic measurements between computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).Materials and Methods:A total of 127 patients (mean age: 45±18 y, 49% male) who had undergone CT and MRI evaluation of the thoracic aorta at a single tertiary referral hospital within a 6-month interval between 2007 and 2017 were included in this retrospective study. TTE studies performed within the same 6-month interval were also evaluated. Thoracic aortic measurements were blindly evaluated using multiple techniques and were compared between modalities.Results:There was no significant difference in maximum aortic root diameter between CT and MRI when using the inner lumen-to-inner lumen technique (mean difference: 0.2±1.4 mm,P=0.51) or the outer lumen-to-outer lumen technique (mean difference: 0.5±1.4 mm,P=0.07). There were no significant differences between CT and MRI at any other level except for the distal descending aorta (20.2±4.6 vs. 19.8±4.6 mm,P<0.001). However, aortic root measurements by TTE using the leading edge-to-leading edge technique were significantly smaller compared with maximum aortic root diameters using the inner lumen-to-inner lumen and outer lumen-to-outer lumen techniques by both CT (mean difference: 4.9±2.7 mm,P<0.001 and 7.4±2.8 mm,P<0.001, respectively) and MRI (mean difference: 4.8±3.2 mm,P<0.001 and 8.2±3.0 mm,P<0.001, respectively).Conclusions:There is excellent agreement in thoracic aortic measurements between CT and MRI. However, TTE significantly underestimates maximum aortic root diameter compared with CT and MRI. Therefore, caution should be used when interpreting small apparent changes in aortic root diameters between TTE and CT or MRI.
Unleashing knowledge sharing in a developing country: a case of healthcare industry
Authors: Blouch Riffat , Yasmeen Aiza , Khan Muhammad Majid , Shakeel Wajid 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of the study is to examine the role of the types of psychological contract (PC) to enhance knowledge sharing (KS) behavior of employees through the intervention of perceived organizational support (POS).

Design/methodology/approach
The current study uses primary sources to get data from the participants of both private and public hospitals. Overall, 210 respondents participated in the study, which later subjected to the analysis using CAUSALMED procedures using statistical analysis software.

Findings
The findings from the study projected that all types of psychological have a considerable effect on KS behavior of employees, either directly or through the intervening mechanism. Furthermore, the study also indicates that if employees’ POS, they will share a stronger bond with the organization, which will be beneficial for the organizations’ health.

Research limitations/implications
Firstly, despite the fact that this study proposes valuable insights into KS behavior; it allows some impediments of a primary study. Secondly, the research is constrained to the hospital industry. Finally, this exploration can likewise be reinforced by incorporating other intervening mechanisms, to give an extensive understanding of the connection between employees’ perception regarding PC and KS behavior.

Practical implications
The findings of the present research have potential applications for human resource managers of the healthcare industry to place more emphasis on the types of PC, organizational support and KS among the employees to achieve a competitive advantage in this dynamic environment through knowledge management, which is considered a strategic asset nowadays.

Originality/value
This study provides an original contribution by identifying the diverse paths, indicating how the types of PC can impact KS with employees’ perceptions toward organizational support. It also highlights that how the heaths care industries, as compare to the old practices can encourage a culture of KS in this highly competitive and dynamic environment to remain at the top on the market.
Sensory evaluation and volatile compounds of an alternative ready‐to‐use therapeutic food for malnourished children
Authors: Miele Nicoletta A. , Armini Vincenzo , Troccoli Anna Maria , Puleo Sharon , Paduano Antonello , Sacchi Raffaele , Cavella Silvana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReady‐to‐use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) are special foods used to encourage rapid weight gain in 5‐year‐old malnourished children, avoiding hospitalization. The factors affecting sensory characteristics and acceptability of RUTFs have been not adequately described. The aim of this work was to evaluate both the sensory properties and volatile compounds of four alternative RUTFs, varying in soy and sorghum, icing sugar, and oil content. Nine nonoral sensory attributes were evaluated by nine selected and trained assessors. The perceived intensity of five oral sensory attributes and the overall liking were assessed by 100 adult consumers. The volatile compounds were extracted and concentrated by solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RUTF formulations significantly differed for graininess between fingers (size of granules) (P = 0.007), viscosity (P = 0.013), adhesiveness to the spoon (P < 0.044), and meltability (P = 0.005), but in consumers’ opinion, they differed only for difficulty in swallowing, intensity of global odor, flavor, and sweetness. A positive correlation between overall liking and sweetness was found. Volatile compounds arising from lipid oxidation (hexanal and octanoic acid) were positively correlated with global odor and flavor. These attributes negatively affected the overall liking and were mainly contained in one out of the four formulations. Sensory and instrumental characterization identified key attributes for this kind of food, such as difficulty in swallowing, global odor, and sweetness, suggesting how to formulate an alternative RUTF to be used for a future clinical trial on malnourished children.Practical ApplicationStarting from the world's need to fight child malnutrition, the present study tried to characterize alternative ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods (RUTFs), special foods used to encourage rapid weight gain in 5‐year‐old malnourished children, from several points of view, such as acceptability, stability, technological, and overall quality.Results obtained will be an aid to setup the technological conditions and scale‐up parameters for local productions of RUTFs to be tested in real trials on malnourished children. Indeed, key sensory attributes that drive consumer acceptance for this special food, such as sweetness and difficulty in swallowing, came out from the present study.
Integrated mRNA and microRNA transcriptome profiling during differentiation of human nasal polyp epithelium reveals an altered ciliogenesis
Authors: Callejas‐Díaz Borja , Fernandez Guerau , Fuentes Mireya , Martínez‐Antón Asunción , Alobid Isam , Roca‐Ferrer Jordi , Picado César , Tubita Valeria , Mullol Joaquim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman adult basal stem/progenitor cells (BSCs) obtained from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) when differentiated in an air‐liquid interface (ALI) usually provide a pseudostratified airway epithelium with similar abnormalities than original in vivo phenotype. However, the intrinsic mechanisms regulating this complex process are not well defined and their understanding could offer potential new therapies for CRSwNP (incurable disease).MethodsWe performed a transcriptome‐wide analysis during in vitro mucociliary differentiation of human adult BSCs from CRSwNP, compared to those isolated from control nasal mucosa (control‐NM), in order to identify which key mRNA and microRNAs are regulating this complex process in pathological and healthy conditions.ResultsA number of genes, miRs, biological processes, and pathways were identified during mucociliary differentiation of both CRSwNP and control‐NM epithelia, and notably, we have demonstrated for the first time that genetic transcriptional program responsible of ciliogenesis and cilia function is significantly impaired in CRSwNP epithelium, presumably produced by an altered expression of microRNAs, particularly of those miRs belonging to mir‐34 and mi‐449 families.ConclusionsThis study provides for the first time a novel insight into the molecular basis of sinonasal mucociliary differentiation, demonstrating that transcriptome related to ciliogenesis and cilia function is significantly impaired during differentiation of CRSwNP epithelium due to an altered expression of microRNAs.
Subcutaneous desmoplastic small round‐cell tumor: An unusual primary location expanding the differential of superficial round‐cell tumors
Authors: Asadbeigi Sepideh N. , Zhang Lisheng , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDesmoplastic small round‐cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, aggressive malignant tumor, which in the great majority of cases arises at abdominal‐pelvic sites. Nevertheless, rare cases of primary extra‐abdominal tumors have been reported. In challenging cases, its molecular hallmark, the EWSR1‐WT1 reciprocal translocation, can be exploited diagnostically by various molecular techniques. Herein, we report an extremely rare case of primary subcutaneous DSRCT in an effort to raise awareness among our dermatopathology colleagues by expanding the differential of superficial round‐cell tumors.
SOD1 p.D12Y variant is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/distal myopathy spectrum
Authors: Tasca G. , Lattante S. , Marangi G. , Conte A. , Bernardo D. , Bisogni G. , Mandich P. , Zollino M. , Ragozzino E. , Udd B. , Sabatelli M. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeThe aim of our study was to describe patients with the p.D12Y variant (previously reported as D11Y) in SOD1 showing heterogeneous clinicopathological features.MethodsWe performed clinical, electrophysiological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and muscle pathology studies in four SOD1 p.D12Y variant‐positive patients.ResultsThe SOD1 p.D12Y clinical manifestations ranged from a benign phenotype characterized by distal distribution of muscular weakness and long survival to classic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with poor prognosis. Two patients with the distal clinical phenotype showed MRI and muscle pathology alterations indicating a concurrent muscle involvement. In one of these patients significant myopathic changes were associated with rimmed vacuolar pathology.ConclusionsWe expand the clinical spectrum of SOD1 p.D12Y variant, including predominant lower motor neuron forms with long survival and classic forms with aggressive course. Some patients may have concomitant distal myopathy without other explanations. Given clinical, MRI and muscle pathology alterations, SOD1 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of molecularly undefined distal myopathies with rimmed vacuoles.
Don't patronize me! An experiment on preferences for authorship
Authors: Lübbecke Silvia , Schnedler Wendelin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDo people only reject interference and keep control to affect the outcome? We find that 20% of subjects reject unrequired help and insist on their solution to a problem—although doing so is costly and does not change the result. We tease out the motives by varying the information available to the interfering party (paternalist). Subjects do not resist to show to the paternalist that they were able to find the correct solution. Instead, two motives seem to play a role. First, subjects prefer to have produced or “authored” the solution themselves. Second, subjects desire to signal their authorship and hence their independence to the paternalist.
Case of medullary thyroid carcinoma with desmoid‐type fibromatosis
Authors: Cho Yoon Ah , Oh Young Lyun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 36‐year‐old man was admitted to hospital for a right thyroid nodule incidentally discovered on a chest computed tomography scan for a rib fracture. He had no history of radiation to the head and neck, no known family history of endocrine disease, and no medical or surgical history. A 17 × 10 mm, well‐demarcated, multinodular, whitish nodule with neither necrosis nor hemorrhage was found in the right thyroid. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of epithelial cell nests with oval, plasmacytoid or polygonal cells with speckled chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli and granular cytoplasm. The surrounding stroma showed amyloid deposition and prominent spindle cell proliferation with myxoid substance. Epithelial cell nests showed an immunoreactive pattern for typical medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and the spindle cell stroma showed nuclear expression of beta‐catenin. This may be the first report on histopathologic findings of MTC with desmoid‐type fibromatosis. Further studies are necessary to discover the clinicopathologic characteristics and pathogenesis of this rare type of tumor.
Friction and bureaucratic control in authoritarian regimes
Authors: Chan Kwan Nok , Fan Shiwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDemocracies deliberately create “friction” in bureaucratic processes, using inefficiencies to mitigate the impact of government transitions and asymmetric information on leaders' ability to exert control. With far more centralized power, would authoritarians prefer less friction? We argue that they do not. In fact, excess friction is actively supplied to hinder bureaucratic coordination independent of or even in opposition to top‐down control, leaving the central leaders the only player powerful enough to organize complex actions. Our analysis of data on the Chinese government indicates that bureaucrats are systematically sent to unfamiliar work environment, and that agencies that are more exposed to the resultant inefficiencies are also more likely to come under direct control by senior Politburo members. The pattern of targeted intervention indicates that bureaucratic control in authoritarian regimes is predicated not only on centralized power in general but also the deliberate supply of friction to obstruct independent actions from the bottom up.