bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O4C.1 Female landfill waste pickers and their health
Authors: Wilson Kerry , Kootbodien Tahira , Ntlebi Vusi , Made Felix , Naiker Nisha 
Published: May 2020

Informal waste pickers and employees working on a landfill site are exposed to multiple risks such as noise, toxic chemicals, metals, dust and ergonomic hazards. How these hazards affect the health of workers may differ by sex.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among waste pickers aged 18 years or older, working in major landfill sites in Johannesburg. Information on health, work hazards and health care access were collected in interviews in the workers own language.ResultsA third (27%) of the 363 waste-pickers interviewed in this study were female. These women were on average older and less educated than the men and a significantly larger proportion were born in neighbouring countries. Women waste pickers had a higher prevalence of hypertension (30.9% vs 18.4%) and HIV (24% vs 7.0%) than men. This is unlikely to be a reporting bias as women had higher BMI’s (p=0.0002), glucose blood levels (p=0.022), cholesterol (p=0.0014) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.0081).DiscussionThe factors driving women to work as waste pickers appear different to men and women’s health is worse than that of the men in terms of lifestyle diseases and HIV. Although in general waste pickers have a lower prevalence than the general population. This follows the pattern of the South African Demographic and Health Survey 2016.
Human papillomavirus and surgical smoke: a systematic review
Authors: Fox-Lewis Andrew , Allum Caroline , Vokes David , Roberts Sally 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate what is currently known about the risk to surgeons and other operating theatre (OT) staff of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission and HPV-related disease following surgical smoke exposure.MethodsA systematic literature search of Embase and Ovid-MEDLINE was undertaken for primary studies relevant to the presence of HPV in surgical smoke, contamination of OT staff with HPV after performing or attending smoke-generating surgical procedures, and the presence of HPV or HPV-related disease in OT staff following occupational surgical smoke exposure. Additional articles were identified by searching the reference lists of relevant published papers.ResultsTwenty-one relevant articles were identified. These demonstrate that surgical smoke from the treatment of HPV-related lesions can contain HPV DNA, and that this can contaminate the upper airways of OT staff. Whether this corresponds to infectious virus is not known. Increased prevalence of HPV infection or HPV-related disease in OT staff following occupational exposure to surgical smoke has not been convincingly shown.ConclusionsWhile HPV transmission to OT staff from surgical smoke remains unproven, it would be safest to treat surgical smoke as potentially infectious. Necessary precautions should be taken when performing smoke-generating procedures, consisting of: (1) local exhaust ventilation, (2) general room ventilation and (3) full personal protective equipment including a fit tested particulate respirator of at least N95 grade. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend HPV vaccination for OT staff or to state that the above precautions, when used properly, would not be effective at preventing HPV transmission from surgical smoke.
Providing uninterrupted care during COVID-19 pandemic: experience from Beijing Tiantan Hospital
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Yu , Li Zixiao , Wang David , Wang Yongjun 
Published: May 2020

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has already stressed the healthcare system in the world. Many hospitals have been overwhelmed by the large number of patients with COVID-19. Due to the shortage of equipment and personnel and the highly contagious nature of COVID-19, many other healthcare services are on hold. However, at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, a rapid response system has been in place so that routine care is not interrupted. We, therefore, would like to share our hospital-wide prevention and management policy during this pandemic to help other healthcare systems to function in this crisis.

Method
Tiantan hospital is one of the leading neuroscience institutions in the world. With 1650 beds, its annual inpatient admission exceeds 30 000 patients. Its COVID-19 rapid response policy was reviewed for its functionality.

Results
There are nine key components of this policy: an incident management system; a comprehensive infection prevention and control, outpatient triage and flow system; a designated fever clinic; patient screening and administration; optimised surgical operations, enhanced nucleic acid testing; screening of returning employees; and a supervision and feedback system. In addition, a specific protocol was designed for treating patients with acute stroke.

Conclusion
A comprehensive policy is helpful to protect the employee from infection and to provide quality and uninterrupted care to all who need these, including patients with acute ischaemic stroke.
Quantifying the social costs and benefits of tobacco in Estonia
Authors: Saar Indrek , Koitla Helle 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe tobacco cost literature has predominantly focused on estimating direct healthcare costs and productivity losses from morbidity and mortality. This study places a greater focus on the effects that arise through the fiscal system, illicit trade and fire accidents to estimate the social costs and benefits of tobacco use in Estonia in 2018.MethodsA prevalence-based cost-of-illness approach was used, relying on data from the 2017–2018 period. Age-specific tobacco-attributable fractions were employed to estimate the costs and benefits of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Data on mortality, morbidity and healthcare costs were received from the National Institute of Health Development and the Estonian Health Insurance Fund. We used data for offences and fires from the Estonian Rescue Board and the Estonian Tax and Customs Board.ResultsIt was estimated that the total social cost attributable to tobacco in Estonia in 2018 was €174 million, representing 0.67% of the nation’s GDP. If future benefits are also considered, the net social cost is €78 million. While the greatest cost components are productivity losses from mortality and morbidity, the level of tobacco-related law enforcement costs are comparable to direct healthcare costs, both of which exceed €10 million annually.ConclusionsDespite the substantial social benefits arising through the fiscal system, tobacco-related costs outweighed these benefits in Estonia in 2018. In addition, a considerable portion of the economic burden of tobacco is associated with illicit trade. Therefore, the healthcare and law enforcement sectors would both benefit from effective tobacco control policies.
Pair production of scalars around near-extremal Kerr-Sen black holes
Authors: Siahaan Haryanto M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigate the charged scalar pair production near the horizon of a near-extremal Kerr-Sen black holes. The condition for pair production to occur has relation to the violation of Breitenlohner–Freedman bound in an $$\hbox {AdS}_2$$AdS2 space. The method employed in this work has been used to show the pair production in the near-horizon of a near-extremal Kerr–Newman black hole and its non-rotating case as well. We also discuss the static limit of our result.
Home‐Time After Discharge Among Patients With Type 2 Myocardial Infarction
Authors: McCarthy Cian P. , Murphy Sean , Rehman Saad , Jones‐O'Connor Maeve , Olshan David S. , Cohen Joshua A. , Cui Jinghan , Singh Avinainder , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Januzzi James L. , Wasfy Jason H. 
Published: May 2020

Background
Home‐time, defined as the time spent alive outside of a healthcare institution, has emerged as a patient‐centered health outcome. The discharge locations and distribution of home‐time after a type 2 myocardial infarction are unknown.

Methods and Results

Patients with a type 2 myocardial infarction between October 2017 and May 2018 at Massachusetts General Hospital were included. Patients discharged to hospice or without follow‐up data were excluded. Our primary outcome was home‐time defined as the number of days lived outside of a hospital, long‐term acute care facility, skilled nursing facility, or rehabilitation facility. We identified 359 patients with type 2 myocardial infarction over the study period. Of those discharged alive (N=321), 62.9% were discharged home, and the remainder went to a facility or hospice. Among those with available follow‐up data (N=289), the median home‐time was 30 (interquartile range [
IQR
], 16–30) days at 30 days, 171 (IQR, 133–180) days at 180 days, and 347 (IQR, 203–362) days at 365 days. At 1 year, 29 patients (10%) with type 2 myocardial infarction had spent no time at home and only 57 patients (19.7%) spent the entire year alive and at home. At 1 year, postdischarge all‐cause mortality was 23.2%, all‐cause readmission was 69.2%, and major adverse cardiovascular events (composite of all‐cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction, or stroke) was 34.9%. Home‐time through 1 year correlated strongly with time‐to‐event all‐cause mortality (τ=0.54,
P
<0.001) and major adverse cardiovascular events (τ=0.52,
P
<0.001) and modestly with a composite of all‐cause mortality or readmission (τ=0.44,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Home‐time is low after a hospitalization for type 2 myocardial infarction and correlates strongly with mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events.
From Personal Threat to Cross-Cultural Learning: an Eidetic Investigation
Authors: DeRobertis Eugene M. , Bland Andrew M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study was an eidetic, phenomenological investigation of cross-cultural learning that involves overcoming an experience of personal threat. The study and its findings were placed within the context of Husserl’s genetic phenomenology and the extant humanistic literature on cross-cultural encounter. This appeared especially appropriate given phenomenology’s history “within the movement of the so-called ‘Third Force’ psychology” (Giorgi, 1970, p. xi). The eidetic reduction revealed the phenomenon to be rooted in an essential unfamiliarity with the other compounded by presumptions of the other as representing a substandard foreignness harboring danger. For the phenomenon to unfold required the learner to witness spontaneous emotional expression and empathically discover that the other struggles and suffers “like any other human being.” Openness to the other progressively builds and new meanings emerge from the interpersonal exchange as compartmentalized, intellectualized understandings of the other are outmoded.
The Body Politic Metaphor in Communal and Post-Communal Italy – Some Remarks on the Case of Lombardy
Authors: Gamberini Andrea 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper uses the body politic metaphor to explore the dialectic of power between different political players in communal and post-communal Lombardy. On the one hand, notions of corporeal links, drawing upon an ancient and venerable tradition, were key strands of public debate on state formation in the Late Middle Ages. On the other hand, there were distinctively communal and post-communal discourses based upon the body politic metaphor. My purpose is to investigate all of these aspects through analysis of the so-called “pragmatic writings” (such as letters, decrees, notarial deeds), sources usually overlooked by historians of political thought. As is shown in this paper, the novelty of this approach makes it possible to appreciate corporeal metaphors as performative tools and instruments of political action.
Descriptions of two new species of Philodina (Rotifera, Bdelloidea), with notes on seven rare bdelloids from Korea
Authors: SONG MIN OK , LEE CHANG-HO 
Published: May 2020

A taxonomic study on bdelloid rotifers collected from various terrestrial habitats at five different locations in Korea resulted in eight new Korean records and two new species-level taxa, Philodina clypeata n. sp. and P. verrucosa n. sp. Among the eight new Korean records, two species- and three subspecies-level taxa are new to Asia as well. These new Korean records also include seven rare species/subspecies-level taxa with poorly known distributions. Habrotrocha gracilis quadridens Schulte and Macrotrachela zickendrahti seda Donner were rediscovered in Korea 64 and 53 years, respectively, after the original descriptions. Habrotrocha ligula aligula Burger, Macrotrachela insulana Donner, M. petulans Milne, M. pinnigera (Murray), and Philodina parvicalcar De Koning have been reported from two to three countries only including their type localities before the present study. In addition, a partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (mtCOX1) for P. verrucosa n. sp. as well as a taxonomic key for the Philodina species recorded from Korea to date are also provided here.
Inconvenient truths in suicide prevention: Why a Restorative Just Culture should be implemented alongside a Zero Suicide Framework
Authors: Turner Kathryn , Stapelberg Nicolas JC , Sveticic Jerneja , Dekker Sidney WA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The prevailing paradigm in suicide prevention continues to contribute to the nihilism regarding the ability to prevent suicides in healthcare settings and a sense of blame following adverse incidents. In this paper, these issues are discussed through the lens of clinicians’ experiences as second victims following a loss of a consumer to suicide, and the lens of health care organisations. Method: We discuss challenges related to the fallacy of risk prediction (erroneous belief that risk screening can be used to predict risk or allocate resources), and incident reviews that maintain a retrospective linear focus on errors and are highly influenced by hindsight and outcome biases. Results: An argument that a Restorative Just Culture should be implemented alongside a Zero Suicide Framework is developed. Conclusions: The current use of algorithms to determine culpability following adverse incidents, and a linear approach to learning ignores the complexity of the healthcare settings and can have devastating effects on staff and the broader healthcare community. These issues represent ‘inconvenient truths’ that must be identified, reconciled and integrated into our future pathways towards reducing suicides in health care. The introduction of Zero Suicide Framework can support the much-needed transition from relying on a retrospective focus on errors (Safety I) to a more prospective focus which acknowledges the complexities of healthcare (Safety II), when based on the Restorative Just Culture principles. Restorative Just Culture replaces backward-looking accountability with a focus on the hurts, needs and obligations of all who are affected by the event. In this paper, we argue that the implementation of Zero Suicide Framework may be compromised if not supported by a substantial workplace cultural change. The process of responding to critical incidents implemented at the Gold Coast Mental Health and Specialist Services is provided as an example of a successful implementation of Restorative Just Culture–based principles that has achieved a culture change required to support learning, improving and healing for our consumers, their families, our staff and broader communities.
Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among children from child centres in Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Abebaw Aynework , Alemu Getaneh , Ayehu Animen 
Published: May 2020

Data concerning the burden of parasites among populations living in overcrowded circumstances have paramount importance for the success of interventions aimed at eliminating such disease. A cross-sectional study was therefore conducted from February to May 2019 among 217 children at child centres in Bahir Dar city. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and stool samples were processed for parasitological investigation. A total of 53 (24.4%) children were infected with at least a single species of intestinal parasite. Giardia lamblia (7.8%) was the most frequent, followed by Hymenolepis nana (6%). Children with untrimmed fingernails (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.422, P = 0.027) were significantly more prone to infection. Similarly, children with no habit of hand washing after soil contact (AOR = 2.752, P = 0.014) or after defecation (AOR = 3.087, P = 0.026) were significantly associated with parasitic infection. The prevalence of intestinal parasites at child centres in Bahir Dar is of public health importance; therefore, control programmes should target these children.
Creative Music Strategies Based upon Poetry and the Language
Authors: Cleveland Michael E. 
Published: May 2020

Formal composition should not be a beginning creative musical activity, but should be preceded by freer, more divergent experiences with sound. Also, the concept of “composition” should be put aside in favor of that “organization of sounds.” Free exploration of sounds, using poetry or other means, may ultimately lead to the convergent skills required for formal composition. Five ways of using poetry and the language for creative experiences in music are discussed: 1. Inventing words for familiar songs 2. Writing song lyrics to a familiar melodic pattern 3. Adding sounds to an existing poem 4. Creating an original sound-piece from a poem 5. Improvising upon verbal stimuli
An Indication of the Status of Education for Gifted Elementary Children: State of Iowa
Authors: Breiter Joan 
Published: May 2020

This study attempted to determine which of the 449 public school districts in the State of Iowa have programs for gifted elementary children, or are planning programs, and what factors in planning/implementing such programs seem of most importance at this time. Conducted in the Fall of 1977, 351 districts responded, of which 36 had an operative program and 60 were planning programs. The major conclusions to be drawn from the study are: (1) there is interest in the area, but most districts feel the need for assistance, (2) major problem areas in program building include the identification of gifted children, the definition of giftedness, and evaluation procedures, (3) there is a need to better prepare teachers to work with gifted children, and (4) the present program formats vary widely to fit local needs. Recommendations include: (1) careful needs assessment by districts planning programs, (2) more specific aid to be offered by DPI, AEA and University personnel, and (3) more adequate financial support for such programs.
An Experimental Program for Gifted Four Year Olds
Authors: Vantassel-Baska Joyce , Schuler Anne , Lipschutz Judy 
Published: May 2020

For years, the field of gifted education has supported the contention that gifted children should be identified and served at the beginning of their formal school experience in order to keep them interested and challenged by learning. Frequently, the large problem of underachievement among the gifted population has been laid at the doorstep of a lack of such early program opportunities. Yet few extant programs have emerged that provide services to children at preschool age or even early primary. Of course, there have been notable exceptions. The longitudinal research on young gifted children being carried on at the University of Washington has found that preschool gifted children can be identified through multiple measures examined in a case study context; and that they have the ability to learn concepts and skills at earlier stages than their age peers even though the diversity of ability and level of mastery at a particular age may vary widely within the gifted group (Roedell, Jackson, Robinson, 1980). These recent findings corroborate the work at the Roeper School for the Gifted for over 40 years in the area of providing self-paced academic experiences for the young gifted child (Roeper, 1980). The Astor program in New York City found that four and five year olds could function well in a full-day gifted program that addressed both cognitive and affective areas of development (Ehrlich, in press). A program that compared the effectiveness of classroom approaches for use with preschool gifted children found that both an SOI-based classroom and an open classroom were effective, depending on the nature of the individual gifted learner (Karnes, 1978). And even in rural settings, the young gifted child could be served through a consultative model that linked limited program contact time with follow-up parental intervention (Hanninen, 1979). All of these programs have demonstrated the appropriateness of identifying young gifted children using a test battery with reliance on a case study approach for final selection, providing experiences in academic learning for the preschool gifted child who is ready to move ahead and can profit from additional enrichment learning, and nurturing the social and emotional growth of the child through interactive strategies.
Incidence of and sociological risk factors for suicide death in patients with leukemia: A population-based study
Authors: Yang Jin , Liu Qingqing , Zhao Fanfan , Feng Xiaojie , Kaaya Rahel Elishilia , Lyu Jun 
Published: May 2020

Objectives Suicide is closely related to sociological factors, but sociological analyses of suicide risk in leukemia are lacking. This study is the first to use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database to analyze sociological risk factors for suicide death in leukemia patients. Methods A retrospective search of the SEER database was conducted. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for suicide death. Variables significant in the univariate logistic regression models were subsequently analyzed using multivariate regression. Results The death rate was highest in California (1.73%). Suicide mortality was more common during the 1970s and 1980s, after which it trended downward. Young age at diagnosis (18–34 vs. >64 years: odds ratio [OR] = 1.537, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.007–2.347; 35–64 vs. >64 years: OR = 1.610, 95% CI = 1.309–1.979), being male (OR = 1.518, 95% CI = 1.230–1.873), and living where a high proportion of people have at least a bachelor’s degree (>50% vs. <20%: OR = 8.115, 95% CI = 5.053–13.034) significantly increased suicide death risk. Conclusion Our findings could increase clinician awareness of and appropriate support for leukemia patients at risk of death by suicide.
Effect of early eradication therapy on systemic lupus erythematosus risk in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Wu Meng-Che , Huang Jing-Yang , Chen Huang-Hsi , Wei James Cheng-Chung 
Published: May 2020

Background This study aimed to investigate whether early eradication therapy influences systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk in patients with Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Methods We identified 41,653 patients with HP infection in Taiwan from 2000 to 2013. The patient population was divided into early (within three months) and late (after three months) eradication cohorts. age, sex, co-morbidities and medical visits were matched at a 1:1 ratio. Multiple Cox regression, sensitivity analysis and stratified analysis were used to estimate SLE adjusted hazard ratios (aHR). Results The relative risk of SLE was 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.43–1.31) in the early eradication cohort. After multivariate adjustment, the SLE risk was non-significantly lower in the early eradication cohort than in the late eradication cohort (aHR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.42–1.29). Stratified analysis revealed that early eradication could significantly reduce SLE risk during the three-year follow-up period (aHR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.53, p for interaction = 0.0013). Compared to eradication within three months of diagnosis, eradication within 3–36 months and >36 months corresponded with SLE aHRs of 4.78 (95% CI 1.19–19.20) and 7.66 (95% CI 2.17–27.05), respectively, when the follow-up period was less than three years. Conclusion Early HP eradication could significantly reduce SLE risk, especially in the first three-year follow-up.