bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of Mind, pragmatics and the brain
Authors: Enrici Ivan , Bara Bruno G. , Adenzato Mauro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTheory of Mind(ToM) is a neurocognitive system that allows the perceiver to attribute mental states, such as intentions, beliefs, or feelings, to others’ actions. The aim of the present work is to analyse the engagement of the ToM system in communication, in particular, in communicative intention processing. To this aim, we propose anIntention Processing Network(IPN) with its own principles and mechanisms, that is, a brain network differentially engaged according to the complex intertwining of the context, goal, and action involved. According to our IPN model, a set of brain regions of the ToM system (i.e. left and right temporoparietal junction, precuneus, and medial prefrontal cortex) are differentially involved in comprehending different types of intention, such as private or social intentions. We provide independent and convergent evidence on the role of the IPN model in communicative intention processing and we show that the engagement of the IPN does not depend upon the communicative means used, that is, written language, auditory language, or gesture. Evidence deriving from different experimental paradigms, including neuroimaging, lesion, neurodegenerative, and brain stimulation studies are discussed. In our view, this evidence establishes a link between ToM and pragmatics studies and suggests the role of intention processing as a core feature of human communication.
Electric field strength-dependent accuracy of TiAlN thin film composition measurements by laser-assisted atom probe tomography
Authors: Hans Marcus , Schneider Jochen M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Accurate quantification of absolute concentrations represents a major challenge for atom probe tomography (APT) since the field evaporation process is affected significantly by the measurement parameters. In the present work we investigate systematically the effect of laser pulse parameters on the accuracy of laser-assisted APT for a TiAlN thin film previously quantified by ion beam analysis, combining Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis. The electric field strength is estimated from the Al2+/Al+ charge state ratio for all systematically varied measurement parameters. Subsequently, the absolute concentrations from laser-assisted APT are compared to ion beam analysis data. An increase of the electric field strength from approximately 25–28 V nm−1 improves the accuracy of absolute concentrations measured by laser-assisted APT from 11.4 to 4.1 at% for N, from 8.8 to 3.0 at% for Al and from 2.8 to 0.9 at% for Ti. Our data emphasize that the measurement accuracy of laser-assisted APT for TiAlN is governed by the electric field strength. It is shown that the smallest compositional discrepancies between ion beam analysis and APT are obtained for the maximum electric field strength of approximately 28 V nm−1 at 10 pJ laser pulse energy. This can be rationalized by considering the enhanced ionization of neutral fragments caused by the increased electric field strength.
Emulating climate extreme indices
Authors: Tebaldi C , Armbruster A , Engler H P , Link R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We use simple pattern scaling and time-shift to emulate changes in a set of climate extreme indices under future scenarios, and we evaluate the emulators’ accuracy. We propose an error metric that separates systematic emulation errors from discrepancies between emulated and target values due to internal variability, taking advantage of the availability of climate model simulations in the form of initial condition ensembles. We compute the error metric at grid-point scale, and we show geographically resolved results, or aggregate them as global averages. We use a range of scenarios spanning global temperature increases by the end of the century of 1.5 C and 2.0 C compared to a pre-industrial baseline, and two higher trajectories, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. With this suite of scenarios we can test the effects on the error of the size of the temperature gap between emulation origin and target scenarios.
We find that in the emulation of most indices the dominant source of discrepancy is internal variability. For at least one index, however, counting exceedances of a high temperature threshold, significant portions of the globally aggregated discrepancy and its regional pattern originate from the systematic emulation error. The metric also highlights a fundamental difference in the two methods related to the simulation of internal variability, which is significantly resized by simple pattern scaling. This aspect needs to be considered when using these methods in applications where preserving variability for uncertainty quantification is important.
We propose our metric as a diagnostic tool, facilitating the formulation of scientific hypotheses on the reasons for the error. In the meantime, we show that for many impact relevant indices these two well established emulation techniques perform accurately when measured against internal variability, establishing the fundamental condition for using them to represent climate drivers in impact modeling.
Analysis of Soil Stability on Steep Slope of Shrub Greening
Authors: Ma Dongliang , Mei Yong , Liu Guoquan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The stability of soil sprayed on a steep rock slope is one of the key problems in greening. This paper analyses the stability of soil after shrub greening on a 70 degree steep slope in Luoyang. The calculation results show that the stability of soil will increases with the growth of root system after shrub greening. Field tests show that the soil stability of steep slope has been good after shrub growth for 2 years, which provides a reference of shrub greening design on steep rock slope.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Double Hole Dip Angle on Tensile Strength and Failure Characteristics of Red Sandstone
Authors: Dong Hao , Rong Huren , Gu Jingyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to study the effect of dip angle on the tensile strength and failure characteristics of red sandstone, based on the results of the Brazilian splitting test for indoor double-hole red sandstone samples, using the PFC2D particle flow numerical simulation technique to simulate the Brazilian splitting test of precast double-hole red sandstone samples, the effect of dip angle on the tensile strength and failure characteristics of red sandstone samples is studied, further, the evolution characteristics of the surface stress field of the double-hole red sandstone specimen during the tension process are analyzed, and the failure mechanism of the red sandstone in the double-hole red sandstone is revealed. The results show: (1) Increasing the inclination angle of the double hole from 0°to 60°the tensile strength of the sample is stepped down, the maximum drop is when the double hole is inclined at 45°;(2)When the double hole inclination angle is 0°-30°, the crack extends through a single hole; when the double hole inclination angle is 45°-60°, the crack propagates through the double hole.(3)The tensile stress concentration zone near the double hole is the main factor affecting the tensile strength and crack propagation of the sample: ① When the tensile stress concentration region at the edge of the hole A and the hole B is not penetrated (0°, 15°, 30°), the tensile strength of the sample is large, when the crack propagates, only a single hole is penetrated; ② When the tensile stress concentration region at the edge of the hole A and the hole B is penetrated (45°, 60°), the tensile strength of the sample is greatly reduced, the double hole is penetrated when the crack propagates.
Stress Evolution Law of Coal and Rock Mass Affected by Mining before and after Dydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Chen Weizhong , Zhong Kun , Zhao Wusheng , Xiao Ziyi , Gao Hou 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Stress concentration of coal and rock mass is the intrinsic cause of rock burst, the dynamic evolution law of coal seam stress and roof rock stress during the advancing process of mining face is obtained by using the coal seam stress monitoring system and the developed surrounding rock stress monitoring system, In this paper, the stress variation law of coal and rock mass during mining and the correlation between them are analyzed in detail. In order to reduce the danger of rock burst caused by stress concentration, hydraulic fracturing measures of roof strata were adopted in the field, and the stress changes of coal and rock mass before and after hydraulic fracturing were compared and analyzed. The results of the inspection show: The vertical stress gradient is linearly correlated with the trend of coal seam stress. The influence of mining on the stress of rock seam is earlier than that of coal seam, but the influence of mining disturbance on the stress of coal seam is higher than that of rock seam; The increase amplitude of vertical normal stress of roof strata under mining disturbance is obviously higher than that of two horizontal stresses; the stress value of coal and rock strata decreases after hydraulic fracturing, and the decrease amplitude of stress in coal seam is larger than that of rock strata after hydraulic fracturing. The peak stress of coal seam moves toward stopping line than that before hydraulic fracturing. Field application shows that the stress evolution information of coal seam can provide the corresponding basis for anti-scouring measures and ensure the safe and efficient production of working face.
The Comparative Study of Single Pile Bearing Characteristics in Calcareous Sands Foundation and Quartz Sands Foundation Based on Model Experiment
Authors: Yang Chao , Jiang Hao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The bearing characteristics of single steel pipe pile in calcareous sands foundation and quartz sands foundation with different relative compactness are compared and analyzed by the model tests of single steel pipe pile in two kinds of soil media in laboratory. The test results show that the bearing behavior of single steel pipe pile is quite different between calcareous sands and quartz sands. Pile end forms of single steel pipe pile have little influence on the bearing capacity, especially in the sands foundation with high relative compactness. Increasing the relative compactness of foundation soil has obvious effect on improving the bearing capacity of single steel pipe pile. But the bearing capacity of single steel pipe pile in calcareous sands is much lower than that in quartz sands in the same relative compactness. The lateral friction resistance of single steel pipe pile in quartz sands is much larger than that of calcareous sands. The lateral friction resistance of single steel pipe pile in calcareous sands does not increase significantly with the increase of relative compactness; But the lateral friction resistance of single steel pipe pile in quartz sands increases significantly with the increase of relative compactness. In calcareous sands foundation, the ratio of load sharing on the side of single steel pipe pile is small, and the load on the pile top is mainly borne by the soil at the pile end, and it is manifested as friction end bearing pile. In the quartz sands foundation, the axial force of the pile decreases rapidly along the pile. And the faster the axial force of the single pile of the steel pipe is decayed with the smaller compactness of the quartz sands..
Study on Application of Manganese Zinc Soft Magnetic Concrete Composite Materials
Authors: Chen Yingjie , Dong Jingbo , Cui Peng , Wang Chao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The high heat problem caused by the ferromagnetic effect of traditional large transformer is urgently needed to be solved. Therefore, we need to develop new material large transformers to solve this problem. In the experiment, we measured hysteresis curve and temperature rise rate of the cement base manganese zinc composite materials. In addition, the application performance and transformer ratio of the composite transformer are studied experimentally, and the output voltage of the composite transformer is calculated. By analyzing the experimental data, the manganese zinc soft magnetic concrete composite material can be used in the transformer completely, and can effectively improve the transformer high temperature problem, which extends the new ideas for development of new type transformer.
The Strength and Microstructure Properties of Oil Well Cement with Halloysite Nanotube
Authors: Liu Huiting , Xu Ming , Zhang Zhengrong , Liu Shuoqiong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Chi , Fu Jiawen , Cong Mi , Li Zhifang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Halloysite nanotube has attracted more and more attention to reinforce cement for its excellent physical properties and chemical composition. In this study, effects of halloysite nanotube on compressive strength, flexural strength, micro-structure and hydration products of oil well cement were investigated. The results show that the compressive and flexural strength of cement with 3% halloysite nanotube was increased by 35.2% and 38.5%, and the porosity decreased by 14.95%, respectively. Based on the results of SEM and MIP, the following conclusions can be obtained. Halloysite nanotube promoted the hydration process because of its high surface area, filled in the pores of hardened cement paste for the nano size and expansion process, and formed cross-linking structure for the tube-like appearance, all of which lead to denser micro-structure and better strength performance of oil well cement eventually.
Study on Evacuation Safety Rate of Emergency Exits in Railway Tunnel Fire Mode
Authors: Li Qi , Shi Huan , Yang Chang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Emergency exit is the most common form of engineering structure in railway tunnel disaster prevention and rescue facilities. In order to clarify the safety guarantee rate of personnel evacuation through emergency exit after fire in railway tunnel, with the help of fire dynamics simulation (FDS) and building-EXODUS, this paper has established the fire combustion model and personnel evacuation model of the 25-type passenger trains in the 3D tunnel. Simultaneously, combined with the personnel safety evacuation criteria, the safety probability of evacuation of personnel in different scenarios at the emergency exit of the railway tunnel fire mode is obtained. The conclusion shows that the larger the width of the running surface, the smaller the total number of evacuation, the higher the evacuation safety rate. The evacuation person number is 2145 (the hard seat is overloaded 60%), and the width of the running surface is increased from 1.5m (standardized value) to 3.5m, the evacuation safety rate increased from 86.4% to 87.7%. The width of the running surface was 1.5m, and the number of evacuation person was 1531 (not overloaded), the evacuation safety rate reached 100%. Therefore, for the 25-type passenger train, if the personnel are not overloaded, they can choose to evacuate the fire at the emergency exit.
Research on Vibration Propagation Characteristics of Tunnel-Stratum System Based on Vibration Exciter Test in Tunnel
Authors: Wu Zongzhen , Zhang Shenglong , Wang Wenbin , Ma Meng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The pulse vibration excitation experiment is carried out in the tunnel with a depth of 18m by using the automatic drop-weight excitation device. The vertical vibration acceleration is measured at 15 measuring points with equal spacing on the ground surface. The time history, the frequency spectrum of the tunnel-stratigraphic system under pulse excitation and the propagation law and attenuation characteristics in the octave is studied. The results show that: (1) the transmission loss of vibration acceleration at the measurement point from the tunnel wall to the surface at 0m is above 35dB, and the soil has a strong attenuation effect on the vibration wave propagation; (2) there is an obvious ground vibration amplification area at the 20∼ 25m on the ground, and the amplification area appears at the place where the horizontal distance between the surface measurement point and the tunnel is almost the same as the buried depth. (3) With the increase of frequency, the vibration spectrum and frequency response function curve show “fluctuation reduction” form; (4) As the horizontal distance increases, the vibration energy attenuation of the frequency band below 10 Hz decreases, and the frequency band above 10 Hz exhibits obvious vibration energy attenuation.
Key Technology of Reverse Excavation at Tunnel Portal
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Hu Zhao , Xie Yongli , Wang Chao , Hua Kaicheng , Lai Jinxing , Lai Hongpeng , Wang Yaqiong , Yue Xiabing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tunnel portal construction is often from the outside to the inside of the mountain. Under special conditions and requirements, it is necessary to construct from the inside to the outside of the mountain. The method is called reverse excavation in tunnel portal. To ensure the construction safety in reverse excavation, the stress and deformation characteristics of both forward excavation methods and reverse excavation methods were studied by numerical analysis. The results show that reverse excavation could not significantly increase the deformation and stress of surrounding rock, and even reduced the influence range of tunnel excavation on the stress and deformation of slope. Reverse excavation could also reduce the damage to the portal environment. When the tunnel was about to be cut through, in order to reduce the stress concentration on the slope, the final excavation length was recommended to being greater than 2.5 m. Reverse excavation was a kind of green construction.
VII—Spinoza’s Unquiet Acquiescentia
Authors: Douglas Alexander X 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor Spinoza, the highest thing we can hope for is acquiescentia in se ipso—acquiescence in oneself. As an ethical ideal, this might appear as a complacent quietism, a licence to accept the way you are and give up hope of improving either yourself or the world. I argue that the opposite is the case. Self-acquiescence in Spinoza’s sense is a very challenging goal: it requires a form of self-understanding that is extremely difficult to attain. It also involves occupying a daring and radical political position, one that obstructs the psychological mechanisms by which political power is typically maintained.
Disease characterization using a partial correlation-based sample-specific network
Authors: Huang Yanhong , Chang Xiao , Zhang Yu , Chen Luonan , Liu Xiaoping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A single-sample network (SSN) is a biological molecular network constructed from single-sample data given a reference dataset and can provide insights into the mechanisms of individual diseases and aid in the development of personalized medicine. In this study, we proposed a computational method, a partial correlation-based single-sample network (P-SSN), which not only infers a network from each single-sample data given a reference dataset but also retains the direct interactions by excluding indirect interactions (https://github.com/hyhRise/P-SSN). By applying P-SSN to analyze tumor data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and single cell data, we validated the effectiveness of P-SSN in predicting driver mutation genes (DMGs), producing network distance, identifying subtypes and further classifying single cells. In particular, P-SSN is highly effective in predicting DMGs based on single-sample data. P-SSN is also efficient for subtyping complex diseases and for clustering single cells by introducing network distance between any two samples.
Increased perception-action binding in Tourette syndrome
Authors: Kleimaker Maximilian , Takacs Adam , Conte Giulia , Onken Rebecca , Verrel Julius , Bäumer Tobias , Münchau Alexander , Beste Christian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. Research in Tourette syndrome has traditionally focused on the motor system. However, there is increasing evidence that perceptual and cognitive processes play a crucial role as well. Against this background it has been reasoned that processes linking perception and action might be particularly affected in these patients with the strength of perception-action binding being increased. However, this has not yet been studied experimentally. Here, we investigated adult Tourette patients within the framework of the ‘Theory of Event Coding’ using an experimental approach allowing us to directly test the strength of perception-action binding. We included 24 adult patients with Tourette syndrome and n = 24 healthy control subjects using a previously established visual-motor event file task with four levels of feature overlap requiring repeating or alternating responses. Concomitant to behavioural testing, EEG was recorded and analysed using temporal signal decomposition and source localization methods. On a behavioural level, perception-action binding was increased in Tourette patients. Tic frequency correlated with performance in conditions where unbinding processes of previously established perception-action bindings were required with higher tic frequency being associated with stronger perception-action binding. This suggests that perception-action binding is intimately related to the occurrence of tics. Analysis of EEG data showed that behavioural changes cannot be explained based on simple perceptual or motor processes. Instead, cognitive processes linking perception to action in inferior parietal cortices are crucial. Our findings suggest that motor or sensory processes alone are less relevant for the understanding of Tourette syndrome than cognitive processes engaged in linking and restructuring of perception-action association. A broader cognitive framework encompassing perception and action appears well suited to opening new routes for the understanding of Tourette syndrome.
Acute Schistosomiasis With a Schistosoma mattheei × Schistosoma haematobium Hybrid Species in a Cluster of 34 Travelers Infected in South Africa
Authors: Cnops Lieselotte , Huyse Tine , Maniewski Ula , Soentjens Patrick , Bottieau Emmanuel , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Clerinx Joannes 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis of schistosomiasis remains elusive soon after infection. We evaluated several diagnostic methods in a cluster of travelers with simultaneous freshwater exposure in South Africa.

Methods
Eosinophil count, schistosome antibody tests, stool and urine microscopy, and serum Dra1 PCR assays were performed at weeks 4–5 (early symptomatic phase), 7–8 (praziquantel treatment), and 13–14 (after treatment). Sequencing was done on serum samples from 3 patients to identify the species.

Results
Of the 34 travelers (16 adults and 18 children), 32 developed symptoms 2–6 weeks after exposure. A raised eosinophil count (&gt;750/µL) was seen in 12 of 33 at weeks 4–5, and in 22 of 34 at weeks 7–8. Schistosoma antibodies were detected in 3 of 33 at weeks 4–5 and in 12 of 34 at weeks 7–8 and weeks 13–14. The Dra1 PCR result was positive in 24 of 33 travelers at weeks 4–5, in 31 of 34 at weeks 7–8, in 25 of 34 at weeks 13–14, and at least once in all. Ova were absent in all urine and stool samples obtained. Sequencing identified Schistosoma mattheei nuclear and Schistosoma haematobium mitochondrial DNA, indicative of a hybrid species.

Conclusions
The Dra1 PCR confirmed the diagnosis in all exposed travelers at a much earlier stage than conventional tests. The causative species is probably an S. mattheei × S. haematobium hybrid.