bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The increasing of the electric vehicle maneuverability, excluding disconnecting of the survey from the contact network
Authors: Khafizov A A , Akhmetshin R S , Valiev R I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A technical solution is proposed that allows to increase the maneuverability of an electric vehicle without reducing the speed of movement, excluding the arbitrary disengagement of the current collector from the contact network at road junctions and turns.
Improving the quality of surfaces of products obtained by electroerosion treatment
Authors: Khafizov I I , Nurullin I G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The use of electroerosive processing in production helps to achieve the desired results: high processing accuracy, low roughness of the treated surface and low dependence of productivity on the mechanical properties of the processed materials. Despite this, the need for effective processing of parts and improving the technological process of electroerosion treatment is an urgent topic for research.The trouble-free and long-lasting operation time of machine parts largely depends on the quality of the surface layer. Therefore, it has a high demand, since it is all the destruction begins with the surface.
Comprehensive Test Procedure for Digital Instruments and Devices of Automated Versatile Systems
Authors: Khusnutdinova E M , Pavlov P P , Fandeyev V P , Khizbullin R N , Khusnutdinov A N , Cherepen’kin I V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The authors present a comprehensive test procedure for digital devices, based on the calculation and control of two or more characteristics of a binary signal at a control point. The procedure is aimed at how to increase the reliability of performance monitoring and localization of the failure of digital devices as part of automated versatile systems.
Development of apparatuses based on kinetic calculation data of the process of removing liquid from solid materials by reducing pressure of vapor-gas medium
Authors: Lashkov V A , Kondrasheva S G , Khamidullina D A , Karataeva E S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The possibility of developing a apparatus based on the results of kinetic calculations of the processes, occurring in it, is considered. The studies were carried out with the system solid-liquid-vapor-gas medium with a continuous increase in vacuum above the surface of a layer of the dispersed material. The presence of the liquid phase and the vapor-gas phase in equilibrium with it makes it possible to provide a change in concentration, structure, or cooling in the system due to artificial disturbance of the dynamic equilibrium of the system. To develop a mathematical model of the liquid removal process, a model of ideal mixing in the vapor-gas phase and a layer of the dispersed material was adopted. The calculation results are presented in the form of kinetic dependences of the main process parameters. Calculation of the apparatus is carried out at the highest load in the vapor-gas phase during the period of removal of the free moisture. In this case, the influence of rarefaction on the physical characteristics of the removed fluids and the design features of the apparatus being calculated was taken into account.
The current quality management system at Magnitogorsk iron and steel works
Authors: Moliboga M N , Khusnutdinova E M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper covers the basic principles of the quality management system applicable in Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works (hereinafter - MMK PJSC or MMK). The authors refer to various monitoring methods and methods allowing a conclusion on the acceptability of a particular system, describe the types of work performed to improve and facilitate the growth of the company, and apply a new approach to quality management (Group certification) based on a single regulation. Based on the study of the matter described in this paper, a conclusion can be made that this system is necessary for coordinating the further performance of the entire company and its subsidiaries.
Medical and Biological Problems in the Control of Therapeutic Exposure Parameters in Sports Medicine and Ways of Their Solution in New Medical Instruments and Systems
Authors: Sabitov L S , Khizbullin Rob N , Khizbullin Rad N , Pavlov P P , Khusnutdinov A N , Abdullina A R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
High-quality treatment and recovery of athletes-patients depends on reliable informational diagnosis of injuries and diseases, but also on adequate therapeutic effect. In most cases, the question remains of further predicting the condition of the patient-athlete as a result of the treatment. The article discusses the main biomedical problems in monitoring the therapeutic parameters of exposure and ways to solve them in new devices and systems based on thermometric and optoelectronic methods.
Recommendations for making sound absorbing polyurethane materials
Authors: Shafigullin L N , Romanova N V , Zonina S V , Valinova I E , Karasev I Yu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We performed the comprehensive studies of physical mechanical properties of KAMAZ vehicle mats from three manufacturers. It was found that structure of PU foam cells was the key structural parameter that influenced heat- and sound-absorbing properties of products. The paper provides manufacturers with the recommendations for managing structural parameters of a PU foam layer in a mat.
Industrial control system software patterns in manufacturing
Authors: Valiev R A , Khuzyatov Sh Sh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The technique of pattern-designing software for an industrial control system for standard engineering processes has been implemented, where the same type of equipment is used and the same workpiece processing sequence is implemented. Patterns for the user controller program and supervisory control and monitoring software have been developed. Pattern elements are represented by the same type of sensors and actuators, which have the same algorithms for data processing and calculating of control actions. For them data types, data storage, functionality and organization of the exchange between programmable logic controllers and human-machine interface devices are defined. The necessary correspondence was established between template projects of various levels of the control system, which made it possible to organize a network exchange by data blocks.
Cubic-shape hematite decorated with plasmonic Ag-Au bimetals for enhanced photocatalysis under visible light irradiation
Authors: Park Soo Hyun , Jung Won-Sik , Kadam Abhijit N , Lee Sang-Wha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cubic-shape hematite (C-Fe2O3) was facilely prepared by hydrothermal autoclave reaction of Fe3+ in the presence of 1,12-diaminododecane at 130 °C for 10 h. The surface of C-Fe2O3 was decorated with nanosilvers through the sonochemical reduction of Ag precursor (0.1–0.4 ml of 1.0 wt.% AgNO3), so-called C-Fe2O3@Ag. After then, the C-Fe2O3@Ag was plated with Au layer via galvanic-assisted reduction of Au precursor (0.04–0.14 ml of 1.0 wt.% HAuCl4), so-called C-Fe2O3@Ag-Au. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the formation of cubic-shape hematite deposited with plasmonic nanometals. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the existence of Ag and Au crystals. Photocatalytic performance of the hematite samples was estimated towards the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The C-Fe2O3@Ag (0.2 ml) exhibited the five-fold increase of photocatalytic activity to that of the pristine C-Fe2O3. Furthermore, Au-deposited C-Fe2O3@Ag (0.2 ml), i.e., C-Fe2O3@Ag-Au, exhibited the 200% increase of photocatalytic activity to that of the C-Fe2O3@Ag (0.2 ml), owing to the plasmonic coupling effect on the extended visible light absorbance and enhanced separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs on the hematite surface.
Hydrothermal synthesis of Hydrangea macrophylla-like Ce-doped SnO2 microspheres and their enhanced sensing properties
Authors: Diao Quan , Yin Yuna , Xu Xiumei , Su Chaohua , Cao Jian , Qin Qi , Jiao Mingli , Yang Kai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The hydrangea macrophylla-like SnO2 microspheres doped with different Ce contents (0, 2, 6 and 10 mol%) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The crystal phase, micro morphology and element composites were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS). The results demonstrated the hydrangea macrophylla-like microstructure of the prepared samples and the existence of Ce3+/Ce4+ when doped with Ce element. Furthermore, the synthesized Ce-doped SnO2 samples’ sensing properties were investigated. The SnO2 microspheres doped with 6 mol% showed the largest response to acetone during 0.2–20 ppm at 320 °C as well as good selectivity and reproducibility. As discussed, the Ce doping that generates n-n type heterojunction and the Ce3+/Ce4+ conversion increases the resistance change of Ce-doped SnO2 in reducing atmosphere and enhances the response.
Green synthesis of p-Co3O4/n-ZnO composite catalyst with Eichhornia Crassipes plant extract mediated for methylene blue degradation under visible light irradiation
Authors: Aragaw Setegn Geta , Sabir Fedlu Kedir , Andoshe Dinsefa Mensur , Zelekew Osman Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The water pollution due to industrial effluents causes a great health problem. Hence, it is important to treat wastewater before discharging to the environment. In this work, water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) plant extract mediated ZnO, CO3O4, and p-CO3O4/n-ZnO composite catalysts were synthesized by green co-precipitation routes. The resulting samples were characterized by x-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fortier transform infrared (FT-IR), and with other instruments. The catalytic activities of ZnO, Co3O4, and Co3O4/ZnO were tested for MB dye degradation under visible light irradiation. The catalytic degradation of MB with p-CO3O4/n-ZnO composite catalyst was 95.5%; while 72% and 79% of MB dye was degraded by ZnO and Co3O4 catalysts, respectively. The kinetic rate constants (k) in the degradation of MB dye with ZnO, Co3O4, and p-CO3O4/n-ZnO composite catalysts were also 0.014 min−1, 0.018 min−1, and 0.028 min−1, respectively. The results showed that the presence of plant extract during the synthesis of the catalysts makes the catalyst more active and enhances the catalytic performances. Moreover, the formation of p-n junction in the p-CO3O4/n-ZnO catalyst also facilitates the photogenerated electron–hole separation and further enhances the catalytic efficiency. Hence, the formation of p-n junction is the key factor for enhancing the photodegradation of MB dye under visible light irradiation and the plant extract mediated catalyst synthesis also further improves its performance.
The uncertainty of thyroid dose estimate in chest CT
Authors: Al-Senan R , Brown K , Erdman M , King S 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDose to the thyroid from helical chest CT can vary significantly due to the random tube start point, pitch factor, thyroid position relative to the isocenter, and beam width. We used optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) and an adult anthropomorphic phantom to investigate the uncertainty of thyroid dose estimate. Maximum gap or overlap in the helical beam was estimated using the above factors. Using the maximum gap/overlap over the thyroid, different possible scenarios were simulated and the degree of missed thyroid tissue by the primary beam was estimated. Results showed a variation of >30% in the average thyroid dose, and >50% if a single dosimeter was used to determine dose to the thyroid. Furthermore, measured doses were compared to those calculated by Monte Carlo simulation software, which automatically matches the anatomy of the localizer radiograph with the stylized computational phantom used for dose calculation. The difference was significant: the dose given by the Monte Carlo software was ∼50% lower than the average dose measured with the phantom in all three chest protocols. In addition, the software does not take the effect of the random tube start angle into account.
Laser induced graphene on phenolic resin and alcohol composite sheet for flexible electronics applications
Authors: Kothuru Avinash , Goel Sanket 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Harnessing Laser-induced graphene (LIG) on various substrates, its optimization and application for various electronic devices has increased in the recent years. LIG has been reported as an alternative process for the realization of graphene for flexible electronics with excellent strength, conductivity and mechanical robustness. However, in a single-step manufacturing process, the development of a cost-effective, scalable electronic system using LIG is very challenging. In this work, a novel, simple, low-cost, and solid-state approach has been introduced to print and develop LIG-based conductivity traces and patterns. Here, the LIG conductive zones have been formed on various platforms by using phenolic resin (PR). The LIG regions were effectively developed from direct CO2 laser ablation on the PR and polyvinyl alcohol (PR-PVA) composite sheets. This technique makes it possible to easily create highly conductive arrays on various substrates for realizing the components and devices for flexible electronics. By utilizing the augmented power and the speed of CO2 laser, and the ratio of PR-PVA, the optimal conductivity of the formed LIG on PR-PVA sheet has been observed. Unique characteristics of LIG on PR-PVA include simple synthesis process, flexibility, ability to form a thin film with desired conductivity, and cost-effectiveness. The feasibility and viability of the successful LIG on PR-PVA sheet was demonstrated for applications like the capacitive touch sensor and the pressure sensor matrix.
Positional, isotopic mass and force constant disorder in molybdate glasses and their parent metal oxides as observed by neutron diffraction and Compton scattering
Authors: Krzystyniak Matthew , Drużbicki Kacper , Rudić Svemir , Fabian Margit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Neutron Compton scattering and neutron diffraction, augmented by ab initio modelling, have been applied for the characterisation of disorder in molybdate glasses, 20MoO3 + 30Nd2O3 + 50B2O3, 40MoO3 + 30Nd2O3 + 30B2O3, and 50MoO3 + 25Nd2O3 + 25B2O3, along with their parent metal oxides, B2O3, MoO3 and Nd2O3. Softening of the atom-projected vibrational densities of states (apVDOSes) was observed for all constituent nuclei in the metal oxide systems, with respect to the ab initio harmonic lattice dynamics predictions. For the oxygen, the mode softening was attributed to force-constant disorder, and for the boron to the isotopic mass disorder. A universal scale of disorder in oxide glasses has been proposed. The scale relies on the assumption that the amount of disorder-induced phonon softening can be bracketed by two extreme situations: (i) a completely disordered system with no confining potential whose momentum distribution is described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann momentum, and (ii) the compositional average of harmonic lattice dynamics predictions for individual metal oxide systems. The highest degree of disorder on this scale was observed for the boron in the molybdate glasses with the highest amount of B2O3. The distributions of total (summed over all nuclei) effective force constants were found to be at least an order of magnitude wider than their counterparts calculated for the parent metal oxide systems, indicating a much greater degree of positional disorder-induced force constant disorder in the molybdate glasses. The sum of all mean effective forces acting on all constituent nuclei in the molybdates was found to be decreasing with the increasing amount of the glass-former B2O3, clearly showing a systematic softening of the structure of the glasses. The biggest contributions to the total average effective mean force in all three molybdates were found for the molybdenum and neodymium.
Glovebox-integrated XES and XAS station for in situ studies in tender x-ray region
Authors: Shakouri Mohsen , Holden William M , Hu Yongfeng , Xiao Qunfeng , Igarashi Ru , Schreiner Bryan , Bree Michael , Li Minsi , Li Weihan , Sun Xueliang , Sham Tsun-Kong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), as a complementary technique to x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), is powerful in the analysis of the electronic structure of the materials by probing the occupied density of states with high energy resolution. Recently, an XES spectrometer optimized for the tender x-ray region (2–5 keV) was successfully installed into an inert atmosphere glovebox, and the entire system was successfully integrated into the SXRMB (soft x-ray microcharacterization beamline) at the Canadian Light Source. Here, the technical design and the performance of the SXRMB XES-integrated glovebox station is presented. High energy resolution of ∼1 eV or better has been achieved for the spectrometer in the tender energy x-ray ranges. Capability of the station for in-situ XES and XAS measurements is demonstrated using an example of phosphorus phase transformation in phosphorus anodes for lithium-ion battery research.
Comparative electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study in chloride environment of nano-structured bainitic steels prepared by austempering at varied temperatures
Authors: Singh Kritika , Singh Aparna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Carbide free nano-bainitic (NSB) steels have a dual phase structure comprising of retained austenite (RA) and bainitic ferrite (BF). The content and morphology RA and BF in NSB steels can be easily modulated by changing the austempering temperature. This results in significant changes in the strength and is expected to influence the corrosion resistance as well. The corrosion behavior of three NSB steel blocks austempered at 250, 300 and 350 °C has been studied in aqueous chloride (3.5 wt% NaCl) environment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization have been used to investigate the role of austempering temperature on the corrosion response. It is found that the corrosion current density and hence the corrosion rate decreases with a reduction in austempering temperature. Moreover, a reduction in the austempering temperature shifts the corrosion potential towards the nobler side. The EIS studies have shown that the charge transfer resistance gets enhanced for specimens austempered at lower temperatures. This comes with a concomitant lowering in the capacitance of the electrical double layer formed between the steel specimen and electrolyte. Thus, it is possible to achieve a combination of high hardness and corrosion resistance by fabricating the NSB steels at low austempering temperatures.
State of the art: synthesis and characterization of functionalized graphene nanomaterials
Authors: Fraga Tiago José Marques , da Motta Sobrinho Maurício Alves , Carvalho Marilda Nascimento , Ghislandi Marcos Gomes 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Nanomaterials play nowadays a preponderant role in the field of materials science due to the wide range of applications and synergy with other fields of knowledge. Recently, carbonaceous nanomaterials, most notably bi-dimensional graphene (2D graphene), have been highlighted by their application in several areas: electronics, chemistry, medicine, energy and the environment. The search for new materials has led many researchers to develop new routes of synthesis and the expansion of the current means of production, by the anchoring of other nanomaterials on graphene surface, or by modifications of its hexagon sp2 structure, through the doping of heteroatoms. By adding functional groups to the graphene surface, it is possible to increase its affinity with other materials, such as polymers, magnetic nanoparticles and clays, leading to the formation of new nanocomposites. Several covalent and non-covalent functionalization processes, their advantages and disadvantages with respect to their interactions with other chemical species, are discussed in this review. The characterization of these materials is a sensitive topic, since the insertion of functional groups over the graphene basal plane causes changes in its morphology and the so-called chemistry of surface. In this sense, beyond the classical techniques, such as x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), modern characterization techniques of graphene-based nanomaterials are discussed, focusing on those more indicated according to the proposed modifications. A significant attention was driven to environmental applications of functionalized graphenes, specifically in the removal of pollutants from wastewaters.
Robust H-infinity control of two novel MEMS force sensors
Authors: Obilikpa S C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of a robust H-infinity controller on two novel MEMS force sensors. The novel microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors incorporated a mechanism that permits tuning of the device’s mechanical stiffness and has been used for the characterization of micro-cantilever and biological tissues. To ensure stability and guaranteed performances, certain specifications such as error tracking, command moderation, disturbance rejection, and robustness in presence of uncertainties, were made and the H-infinity control technique was employed to synthesize robust controllers for the two force sensors. Finally, this robust controller, integral, and PID controllers were implemented on the real systems and their performance in closed-loop were compared.
Direct and indirect facilitation affect community productivity through changes in functional diversity in an alpine system
Authors: Wang Xiangtai , Michalet Richard , Meng Lihua , Zhou Xianhui , Chen Shuyan , Du Guozhen , Xiao Sa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsFacilitation is an important ecological process for plant community structure and functional composition. Although direct facilitation has accrued most of the evidence so far, indirect facilitation is ubiquitous in nature and it has an enormous potential to explain community structuring. In this study, we assess the effect of direct and indirect facilitation on community productivity via taxonomic and functional diversity.MethodsIn an alpine community on the Tibetan Plateau, we manipulated the presence of the shrub Dasiphora fruticosa and graminoids in a fenced meadow and a grazed meadow to quantify the effects of direct and indirect facilitation. We measured four plant traits: height, lateral spread, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) of forbs; calculated two metrics of functional diversity [range of trait and community-weighted mean (CWM) of trait]; and assessed the responses of functional diversity to shrub facilitation. We used structural equation modelling to explore how shrubs directly and indirectly drove community productivity via taxonomic diversity and functional diversity.Key ResultsWe found stronger effects from herbivore-mediated indirect facilitation than direct facilitation on productivity and taxonomic diversity, regardless of the presence of graminoids. For functional diversity, the range and CWM of height and SLA, rather than lateral spread and LDMC, generally increased due to direct and indirect facilitation. Moreover, we found that the range of traits played a primary role over taxonomic diversity and CWM of traits in terms of shrub effects on community productivity.ConclusionsOur study reveals that the mechanism of shrub direct and indirect facilitation of community productivity in this alpine community is expanding the realized niche (i.e. expanding range of traits). Our findings indicate that facilitators might increase trait dispersion in the local community, which could alleviate the effect of environmental filters on trait values in harsh environments, thereby contributing to ecosystem functioning.