bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of oral care protocols practice by professionals towards HIV/AIDS individuals
Authors: Silva-Boghossian Carina Maciel , Boscardini Brenda Azzariti Berrondo , Pereira Claudia Maria , Moreira Edson Jorge Lima 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentists’ knowledge and practice regarding HIV positive individuals’ oral care.Methods Dentists from Rio de Janeiro State (n = 242) answered an electronic questionnaire on biosafety procedures, oral manifestations of AIDS, and knowledge of HIV infection. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t tests.Results From the 14 oral manifestations investigated, oral candidiasis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and hairy leucoplakia were more associated with HIV, with no differences between the responses from men and women. Above 85% of the participants would be concerned about becoming infected with HIV after a needle/ sharp object injury and more than 80% them were willing to be tested for HIV. However, significantly more women (98.8%), compared to men (91.3%), said they knew that HIV/ AIDS patients can contaminate dental care professionals, p = 0.007. There was a significant difference in the answers for the questions: “Are there special dental clinics for treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in Brazil?” (p = 0.044), and “Do the negative HIV tests surely indicate that the persons are free of viruses?” (p = 0.005). Significant differences between men and women were also observed regarding use of disposable mask (p = 0.01), and cap (p < 0.0001).Conclusion Most dentists who participated in the study presented a good knowledge on the care of HIV/ AIDS individuals, including biosafety protocols and in terms of the oral manifestations commonly associated to AIDS.
The propionic acid and butyric acid in serum but not in feces are increased in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tian Zhenyi , Zhuang Xiaojun , Luo Mei , Yin Wei , Xiong Lishou 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background & Aims ： Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis in humans. It might be involved in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our study aims to explore the alteration of SCFAs in patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). Methods： We recruited patients with IBS-D defined by Rome Ⅳ criteria and age-and-gender matched healthy controls (HCs). A headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method was developed for the analysis of acetic, propionic and butyric acid in feces and serum. Results: Compared with HCs, the levels of the serum propionate (2.957 ± 0.157 vs 2.843 ± 0.098 mmol/L, P = 0.012) and butyrate (2.798 ± 0.126 vs 2.697 ± 0.077 mmol/L, P = 0.012) were significantly higher in IBS-D group. No significant differences were found among two groups with regard to the concentration of fecal acetate (4.953 ± 1.065 vs 4.774 ± 1.465 mg/g, P = 0.679), propionate (6.342 ± 1.005 vs 6.282 ± 1.077 mg/g, P = 0.868) and butyrate (2.984 ± 0.512 vs 3.071 ± 0.447 mg/g, P = 0.607). Conclusions ： Metabolites of gut microbiota, the propionic and butyric acid, are increased in patients with IBS-D in serum but not in feces. It suggests that propionic and butyric acid might be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS.
Healthcare services utilization by respiratory tract infections patients attending primary healthcare centers in Qatar
Authors: Islam Nazmul , Alam M Fasihul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Respiratory-tract-infections (RTIs) are a common indication, and responsible for most of the healthcare services use at primary care. The study aimed to investigate the utilization and determinants of a number of healthcare services use by local Qatari patients presented at selected primary health centers in Qatar. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using an electronic database that captured RTI-related healthcare services use from selected primary care health centers in Qatar during July 2015 to December 2017. Trends in monthly rates of healthcare services utilization were investigated via a linear regression, while patient-level count data on utilization were used to estimate a negative binomial regression to identify determinants of each of the four healthcare services use. Results: In total, 171447 RTI-related visits were made by 58786 patients during July 2015 to December 2017. The mean age (± SD) of participants is 24.80 (±18.5) years, and 48.91% of them are male. The highest number of patients with a comorbidity was diabetes (12.85%), followed by hypertension (10.54%). There was a small but statistically significant decreasing trend in the monthly rates of antibiotics consumption and an increasing trend in the rates of tests/investigations done, with less number of utilization during summer months. Healthcare services utilization varied significantly across age-categories and whether patients had one of the five comorbidities. Age and comorbidity status appeared to be important predictors for patient-level healthcare services utilization. Conclusion: The study produces results on selected primary healthcare services utilization by local RTI patients, which are in line with evidence from the literature. It facilitates an evidence-base for policymakers to comprehend the scale of the problem and plan a better management of RTIs at primary care setting in Qatar.
Comparison of Fully-Covered vs Partially Covered Self-Expanding Metallic Stents for Palliative Treatment of Inoperable Esophageal Malignancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Chunmei , Wei Hua , Li Yuxia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes following placement of fully covered self-expanding metallic stents (FCSEMS) vs partially covered self-expanding metallic stents (PCSEMS) for palliative treatment of inoperable esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) databases from inception up to 10 th July 2019. Studies comparing clinical outcomes with FCSEMS vs PCSEMS in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer requiring palliative treatment for dysphagia were included. Results: Five studies were included in the review. 299 patients received FCSEMS while 313 patients received PCSEMS in the five studies. Improvement in dysphagia was reported with both FCSEMS and PCSEMS in the included studies. Meta-analysis indicated no significant difference in technical success between the two groups (Odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95%CI 0.30-5.03, P= 0.78; I 2 =12%). There was no difference in the rates of stent migration between FCSEMS and PCSEMS (OR 1.32, 95%CI 0.30-5.03, P= 0.78; I 2 =12%). Similarly, there was no difference between the two stents for obstruction due to tissue growth (OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.51-1.44, P= 0.56; I 2 =7%) or by food (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.10-1.06, P= 0.06; I 2 =23%). Incidence of bleeding (OR 0.57, 95%CI 0.21-1.58, P= 0.28; I 2 =0%) and chest pain (OR 1.06, 95%CI 0.44-2.57, P= 0.89; I 2 =0%) was similar in the two groups. Sub-group analysis of RCTs and non-RCTs produced similar results. The overallrall quality of studies was not high. Conclusion: Our results indicate that there is no difference in technical success, stent migration, and stent obstruction, with FCSEMS or PCSEMS when used for palliative treatment of esophageal malignancy. Further RCTs are required to provide stronger evidence on this topic.
The Effect of Preoperative Anxiety Level on Mean Platelet Volume and Propofol Consumption
Authors: uysal ali ihsan , Altıparmak Başak , Toker Melike Korkmaz , Dede Gülseda , Sezgin Çiğdem , Demirbilek Semra Gümüş 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The mean platelet volume (MPV) is an important indicator of platelet function with large platelets showing higher enzymatic and metabolic activity than other platelets. There can be a relationship between increased platelet activity and anxiety and depression. Our primary hypothesis was that patients with high anxiety scores would have higher MPV, and the secondary hypothesis was that propofol induction time and total propofol consumption within the first 30 min of surgery would be higher in patients with higher anxiety scores. Methods: The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was administered to the participating patients one day before surgery to evaluate the level of anxiety. Based on the scores from the BAI, 40 patients with an anxiety score of <8 were assigned to the non-anxious group (Group NA) and 40 patients with an anxiety score of ³8 were assigned to the anxious group (Group A). At the anesthesia induction the mean time to achieve an entropy value below 60 (T1) was recorded. The total intraoperative propofol consumption within the first 30 min was recorded. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of preoperative MPV and demographic data, including age and sex. The mean total propofol consumption at 30 min after induction in the groups was statistically significant. The cut-off value for MPV was calculated as 9.65. Conclusions: The preoperative MPV values and propofol consumption at 30 minutes among patients with high preoperative anxiety scores were high. We suggest that MPV is helpful in the clinical practice in predicting the amount of anesthetic agents required for the induction of anesthesia.
Effects of Different Doses of Magnesium Sulfate on Pneumoperitoneum-related Hemodynamic Changes in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Laparoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Tan Wei , Qian Dong-chen , Zheng Meng-meng , Lu Xuan , Han Yuan , Qi Dun yi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The infusion of magnesium sulfate is well known to reduce arterial pressure and attenuate hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum. This study aimed to investigate whether different doses of magnesium sulfate can effectively attenuate the pneumoperitoneum-related hemodynamic changes and the release of vasopressin in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: Sixty-nine patients undergoing laparoscopic partial gastrectomy were randomized into three groups: group L received magnesium sulfate 30 mg/kg loading dose and 15 mg/kg/h continuous maintenance infusion for 1 h; group H received magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg followed by 30 mg/kg/h for 1 h; and group S (control group) received same volume 0.9% saline infusion, immediately before the induction of pneumoperitoneum. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure(CVP), serum vasopressin and magnesium concentrations were measured. The extubation time, visual analogue scale were also assessed. The primary outcome is the difference in SVR between different groups. The secondary outcome is the differences of other indicators between groups, such as CO, MAP, HR, CVP, vasopressin and postoperative pain score. Results: Pneumoperitoneum instantly resulted in a significant reduction of cardiac output and an increase in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure and heart rate in the control group (P < 0.01). The mean arterial pressure (T2 – T4), systemic vascular resistance (T2 – T3), central venous pressure(T3-T5) and the level of serum vasopressin were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the cardiac output (T2 – T3) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group H than those in the control group. The mean arterial pressure (T4), systemic vascular resistance (T2), and central venous pressure(T3-T4) were significantly lower in group H than those in group L (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the visual analog scales at 5 min and 20 min, the level of vasopressin, and the dose of remifentanil were significantly decreased in group H compared to the control group and group L (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate could safely and effectively attenuate the pneumoperitoneum-related hemodynamic instability during gastrointestinal laparoscopy and improve postoperative pain at serum magnesium concentrations above 2 mmol/L.
Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from mussel shells for effective adsorption of aqueous Cd(II)
Authors: Meski S. , Tazibt N. , Khireddine H. , Ziani S. , Biba W. , Yala S. , Sidane D. , Boudjouan F. , Moussaoui N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We report the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAP) powder from waste mussel shells (decomposed to CaO) and phosphoric acid at room temperature without pH control. The powder synthesized was utilized for cadmium removal from aqueous solutions using the batch technique. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dose; initial Cd2+ concentration, contact time, and temperatures were examined. Furthermore, the adsorption process revealed a pseudo-second-order reaction model and the Langmuir isotherm is the best-fit model to predict the experimental data and adsorption capacity was found to be 62.5 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that because of the negative values of ΔGo and the positive value of ΔHo, the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Cadmium immobilization occurs through a two step mechanism: rapid ion exchange followed by partial dissolution of hydroxapatite and precipitation of cadmium containing hydroxyapatite.
Turismo e o pós-evento olímpico: uma gestão mercadológica da cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Vico Roberto Paolo , Chiundila Verónica Cecílio 
Published: November 2019

A organização de um grande evento como uma Olimpíada comporta consideráveis investimentos que devem ser realizados para responder às exigências do Comitê Olímpico Internacional e, na atual conjuntura global, numa perspectiva de competição internacional, os sistemas territoriais são sempre mais chamados a elevar as próprias dotações estruturais e infraestruturais. É neste cenário que esses eventos deveriam desenvolver um importante papel como catalisadores de transformações territoriais e sociais, mudanças que às vezes não acontecem ou impactam de maneira negativa a população local e o território. O presente artigo propõe, a distância de alguns anos da realização da Olimpíada do Rio de Janeiro, uma síntese que sublinha as características e as problemáticas ligadas às heranças do megaevento, uma cidade influenciada pela crise econômica, política e social do Brasil nos últimos anos. Em particular, são analisados os principais aspetos negativos: as expropriações dos moradores, o enobrecimento de alguns bairros com o fenômeno da gentrification, a falência do sistema de segurança, o endividamento do Estado, a corrupção generalizada face aos elevados investimentos realizados bem como o abandono de muitas infraestruturas e instalações esportivas.
Palavras-chave: Turismo. Evento. Olimpíadas. Rio de Janeiro.
An Update on the Immunological, Metabolic and Genetic Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Mayorga Cristobalina , Montañez Maria I. , Jurado-Escobar Raquel , Gil-Ocaña Violeta , Cornejo-García Jose A. 
Published: November 2019

:Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) represent a major burden on the healthcare system since their diagnostic and management are complex. As they can be influenced by individual genetic background, it is conceivable that the identification of variants in genes potentially involved could be used in genetic testing for the prevention of adverse effects during drug administration. Most genetic studies on severe DHRs have documented HLA alleles as risk factors and some mechanistic models support these associations, which try to shed light on the interaction between drugs and the immune system during lymphocyte presentation. In this sense, drugs are small molecules that behave as haptens, and currently three hypotheses try to explain how they interact with the immune system to induce DHRs: the hapten hypothesis, the direct pharmacological interaction of drugs with immune receptors hypothesis (p-i concept), and the altered self-peptide repertoire hypothesis. The interaction will depend on the nature of the drug and its reactivity, the metabolites generated and the specific HLA alleles. However, there is still a need of a better understanding of the different aspects related to the immunological mechanism, the drug determinants that are finally presented as well as the genetic factors for increasing the risk of suffering DHRs. Most available information on the predictive capacity of genetic testing refers to abacavir hypersensitivity and anticonvulsants-induced severe cutaneous reactions.:Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of DHRs will help us to identify the drugs likely to induce DHRs and to manage patients at risk.
San Blas: Del ocaso al renacimiento. Paradigma temprano de gestión del patrimonio en el sur peruano. El caso del barrio histórico de San Blas en la gestión municipal del Cusco 1990-1993
Authors: Gallardo Del Castillo Magaly , Casaverde Zamalloa Edgar , Pérez Bravo Jorge 
Published: November 2019

La presente investigación analiza la política de gestión aplicada en las intervenciones realizadas en el Barrio Histórico de San Blas, emplazado en el Centro Histórico de Cusco, durante el periodo 1990-1993, gestión municipal del burgomaestre, abogado y político Daniel Estrada Pérez “Qosqoruna”. Dichas intervenciones, reunidas en el documento Obras de Remodelación Integral de antiguo Barrio de THOQO KACHI (San Blas), comprendieron “trabajos de pavimentación de sus pintorescas calles, iluminación moderna, tratamiento de fachadas y aguas pluviales” (Municipalidad del Qosqo, Mi Nuevo San Blas, 1993 p. 10), el tratamiento de la plaza y la inserción de paqchas(*), hecho que generó la apropiación e identificación del vecino sanblaseño con el espacio público, devenir del impacto sociocultural y económico positivo generado a raíz de la intervención en su traza urbana patrimonial.
(*) "Piletas" en quechua.
Valoración patrimonial de la Unidad Vecinal N°3 (UV3) a partir de la perspectiva del sentido del lugar (SOP) de sus residentes
Authors: Benza Tassara Víctor 
Published: November 2019

La investigación aborda un enfoque que recurre a herramientas provenientes de diversos campos de estudio, buscando puntos de convergencia multidisciplinar. Se plantea como objetivo explicar los tipos de conexiones que emplean los residentes de la Unidad Vecinal N°3 (UV3) con los bienes culturales contenidos dentro de su entorno físico y psicológico. Por ello, en principio, se revisó la literatura sobre el sentido comunitario en la UV3. Posteriormente, se revisaron los aportes teóricos sobre patrimonio cultural y Sentido de Lugar (SoP). Luego, se elaboró el instrumento de investigación que contiene un cuestionario con 16 preguntas especialmente redactadas para verificar el SoP en la UV3, el mismo que fue revisado y aprobado por el experto Dr. Julio Calderón Cockburn. Después, se seleccionó a un grupo variado de residentes, según el criterio de conveniencia para la ejecución del cuestionario.
Los resultados del estudio revelan que el SoP de los residentes participantes de este estudio demuestra un gran sentido comunitario, altos índices de identidad y de satisfacción con la UV3, y fuertes apegos al lugar de tipo biográfico, espiritual, ideológicos y narrativo.
Centros Urbanos de la Civilización Caral: 21 años recuperando la historia sobre el Sistema Social
Authors: Guzmán García Carlos Enrique 
Published: November 2019

El título de esta publicación es contundente, pues denomina a los asentamientos que se desarrollaron hacia el año 3,000 a. C. en el valle de Supe fruto de una civilización con nombre propio: Caral.
Son nueve los centros urbanos del valle de Supe que se consideran en esta publicación realizada por Ruth Shady y su equipo profesional.
Los descubrimientos realizados durante los últimos 15 años en el valle de Supe (y Vichama, en la costa de Huaura) por la arqueóloga Ruth Shady y su equipo de trabajo han sido tan vastos que le han permitido plantear la existencia de un sistema social (última frase del título).
Good Governing Poverty Alleviation Through the PKH Policy - Independent Women's Groups in Poverty Reduction in Batu City (Study at Batu City Social Service)
Authors: Maulana Indah Dwi , Jainuri Jainuri , Hardini Hevi Kurnia 
Published: November 2019

Good Governing Poverty Alleviation is a poverty reduction program by implementing a model of Good Governance in this context in the Family Hope Program - Independent Women's Group involving actors in the state, society and private sector. Handling the poverty problem of the Batu City Government in accordance with the Good Governance model through a partnership pattern established with the private sector, KPM and Batu City Social Service is expected to be able to create independent women's groups that are able to try to develop their creativity to rise from poverty for themselves and their families . This research uses descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques such as, observation, interviews and documentation and other data that supports this study both primary and secondary. Based on the results of the study of "Good Governing Poverty Alleviation" through PKH Policy - Independent Women's Groups in Poverty Alleviation in Batu City where there are several problem formulations namely Independent Women's Groups in Poverty Alleviation, Implementation and Dynamics of alleviation Good Governing Poverty through PKH Policy - KPM in Poverty Alleviation Women's Empowerment through Independent Women's Groups in Batu City. The results of this study, namely this policy has actually been well-integrated but in the implementation or implementation at the regional level in this case Batu City has not shown an integration model because there is something that has not been realized normative. What is intended is that the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has not been regulated in this policy, there are dynamics such as the KPM human resource capacity that is still below the standard so that the policy implementation and private enthusiasm in implementing this policy very, empowering women through KPM is one of the efforts to improve the economy of KPM through a partnership scheme with entrepreneurs in Batu City.
REABILITAÇÃO ORAL COM O EMPREGO DE FACETAS
Authors: Spezzia Sérgio 
Published: November 2019

Resumo Na harmonização facial são executados procedimentos estéticos, visando obter harmonização entre face, dentes e a boca. A harmonização facial tem sido muito valorizada pelos pacientes, sabe-se que nesse contexto existem algumas técnicas, que são disponibilizadas para feitio dos procedimentos estéticos, como: clareamento dental; bichectomia; emprego de ácido hialurônico e o uso das facetas. A harmonização do sorriso é capaz de ser obtida com o recurso restaurador e estético do uso das facetas. O objetivo do presente artigo foi evidenciar como as facetas podem ser empregadas nos procedimentos de harmonização facial. Facetas constam de restaurações estéticas parciais que podem revestir a porção vestibular e proximal dos dentes, servindo algumas vezes também para revestir as incisais situadas em elementos dentais anteriores das arcadas superior e inferior. Deve haver bom senso e discernimento acerca das indicações e contra indicações por parte do profissional que irá efetuar o uso das facetas, a opção pelo emprego correto poderá acarretar em êxito ou não do procedimento restaurador utilizado para reabilitação oral. A utilização das facetas possibilita desfecho satisfatório frente ao requisito estético e traz benefícios clinicamente, uma vez que almeja-se realizar preparos com o mínimo desgaste possível nesse tipo de tratamento odontológico. Palavras-chave: Estética. Sorriso. Desgaste dos Dentes. Keywords: Esthetics. Smiling. Tooth Wear.