bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turfgrass species and sward age influence soil carbon pools near the soil surface
Authors: Trappe Jon M. , Law Quincy D. , Patton Aaron J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration helps reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Turfgrasses are important crops in the urban environment and have shown potential for C sequestration. However, little is known about how turfgrass species selection affects soil C concentration or how this varies over time. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of three turfgrass species, sward age, and soil sampling depth on total soil C and N, soil organic matter (SOM), and labile soil C. A total of 25 locations throughout Indiana were sampled from established swards of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), tall fescue [Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; syn. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.], and zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) with varying sward age. Turfgrass species affected soil total C and labile C concentrations but had no effect on soil total nitrogen (N) or SOM. Differences between the C pools of soils under turf 0–10 years in age compared to those 11–25 years in age only occurred near the soil surface. As turf swards age, total soil C, total soil N, and SOM increased near the soil surface (0‐ to 7.5‐cm depth) and little beyond the 7.5 cm in depth. The strong relationship (p ≤ 0.0001, R2 > 0.57) between total N, SOM, and labile C highlighted their interplay in the mineralization of N from SOM and changes in the short‐term C pool of a turfgrass system.
Evaluating the sustainability of turfgrass lawn assemblages
Authors: Gould Thomas M. , Thoms Adam W. , Thompson Grant L. , Biggs Molly A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTurfgrasses are estimated to cover significant land areas in the United States. It is important to ensure lawns are sustainable while still maintaining ecosystem services. Previous research has evaluated the sustainability of mixing species and cultivars. Cultivar performance was not accounted for in prior studies. Sixteen cultivars were selected from the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) trials based on turfgrass quality and commercial availability (four Kentucky bluegrass [Poa pratensis L.; KBG] cultivars, four tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus Scherb.; TF] cultivars, four fine fescue [Festuca spp.; FF] cultivars, and four perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L.; PR] cultivars). Cultivars were grouped into various assemblage types (monocultures, three‐species mixes, three‐cultivar blends, and three‐species by three‐cultivar mixes). Turfgrass assemblages were all similar in drought tolerance, soil organic carbon, and soil microbial biomass. Three cultivar assemblages exhibited higher percent green cover from 42 days after seeding until the end of establishment. Three species and three cultivar assemblages leached similar or lower nitrate levels than three‐species by three‐cultivar assemblages and monocultures.
Modulating the oxygen affinity of porphyrins with metals, ligands, and functional groups: A DFT study
Authors: Ovalle Sebastian , Malardier‐Jugroot Cecile 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe interaction between different metals (M), axial ligands (L), and ring substituents (R) in porphyrins was investigated using density functional theory. Different combinations of iron and cobalt as metal centers; imidazole, chlorine, and an n‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as axial ligands, and unsubstituted, octaethyl‐, and tetraphenyl‐porphyrins were explored in their low, intermediate, and high‐spin states, alongside oxygen affinity. Remarkably, the n‐heterocyclic carbene enhanced the affinity of cobalt porphyrins to oxygen, with binding energies on average 4.4 kcal mol−1 higher than FeP with the same ligand, and 0.78 kcal mol−1 higher than FeP with imidazole. The planarity of the iron tetraphenyl porphyrin with imidazole compared to its ruffled cobalt counterpart is noteworthy in both oxy‐ and deoxy‐forms, highlighting imidazole's stabilizing influence on the porphyrin structure, particularly iron porphyrins, alongside imidazole's stabilizing effect on the affinity to O2. Despite the significant non‐planarity induced by NHC as an axial ligand ‐regardless of the metal or ring substituent used‐, it did not hinder the affinity of CoP to O2 (14.26 kcal mol−1, on average) as it did with the FeP with NHC (9.88 kcal mol−1, on average). Cobalt porphyrins with n‐heterocyclic carbene ligands show promising potential for O2 activation or oxygen transport applications. The results show the complex interactions between the different parts of metalloporphyrins and highlight the capability of tailoring their affinity to O2. It also exemplifies the stabilizing effect of imidazole on the porphyrins, providing a very narrow range of binding energies and smaller differences in their geometries.
Comparison between produced Tingui biochar versus commercial Norit in the adsorption of acetaminophen and diclofenac: characterization, batch, and fixed bed system
Authors: dos Santos Débora Federici , Moreira Wardleison Martins , de Araújo Thiago Peixoto , Bernardo Maria Manuel Serrano , de Figueiredo Ligeiro da Fonseca Isabel Maria , Ostroski Indianara Conceição , de Barros Maria Angélica Simões Dornellas , Sousa‐Aguiar Eduardo Falabella 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn pressing environmental challenges, practical solutions to remove organic contaminants from water are paramount. This study undertook a crucial task of comparing two adsorbents: BT‐KOH, synthesized from Tingui bark activated with potassium hydroxide, and Norit commercial carbon. The comparison was based on experimental data from adsorption kinetics and isotherm tests in batch and fixed bed systems, targeting the removal of acetaminophen and diclofenac. Physico‐chemical characterization analyses of the materials were also conducted to enhance the comparison.RESULTSThe study's key finding was the superior performance of BT‐KOH over Norit in removing acetaminophen and diclofenac. The maximum adsorption capacities for acetaminophen were 357.7 mg g−1 for BT‐KOH and 226.3 mg g−1 for Norit. For diclofenac, these values were 250.6 mg g−1 for BT‐KOH and 220.9 mg g−1 for Norit. This superiority was attributed to BT‐KOH's larger specific surface area and higher quantities of oxygen‐containing functional groups.CONCLUSIONThe result underscores the importance of considering the physical–chemical composition of materials in the quest for more effective and sustainable water treatment methods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Deepening the participation of neurodivergent youth in qualitative mental health research: Co‐development of a general approach and the evaluation of its implementation in a study on emotion
Authors: Kakoulidou Myrofora , Pavlopoulou Georgia , Chandler Susie , Lukito Steve , Matejko Maciej , Jackson Isabel , Balwani Beta , Boyens Tiegan , Poulton Dorian , Harvey‐Nguyen Luke , Glen Zoe , Wilson Archie , Ly Elisa , Macauley Elizabeth , Baker Sylvan , Bullen Georgina , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J. S. ,   RE‐STAR team
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing expectation that neurodivergent young people, such as those with diagnoses of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or autism, should play a central role in shaping research on neurodevelopmental conditions. However, currently, their involvement is typically limited to arms‐length advice. To address this, the Regulating Emotions‐Strengthening Adolescent Resilience (RE‐STAR) programme has co‐developed a framework for deepening the involvement of neurodivergent participants in translational research. Here we apply this to build, implement and evaluate a new approach to participatory qualitative research.MethodsDevelopment – Building on the track record of successful collaboration between RE‐STAR academic researchers (ARs) and its Youth Researcher Panel (Y‐RP), a cycle of meetings was convened to co‐develop a collaborative protocol for the participatory approach. Implementation – ARs and Y‐RPers applied the general protocol to study a specific topic. This involved co‐designing and co‐delivering an interview schedule to study the emotional experiences of 12 adolescents with diagnoses of ADHD and/or autism and then co‐analysing the interviews. Evaluation – ARs, Y‐RPers and interviewees shared their reflections on the participatory approach and its implementation, during interviews (N = 36) and short open‐ended surveys (N = 22).ResultsDevelopment ‐ The protocol for the participatory approach gave detailed advice on how to engage Y‐RP members (or equivalent) in the co‐design, co‐delivery and co‐analysis of interviews. Implementation ‐ The approach was successfully implemented by ARs and Y‐RPers working together to co‐design an interview to study the emotional lives of adolescents with diagnoses of ADHD and/or autism, co‐deliver it and then co‐analyse the interview scripts. Evaluation ‐ The implementation experience of the Y‐RP, ARs and interviewees was characterised by common themes relating to (a) adapting research methods and making practical adjustments; (b) taking on new roles, adding value to research and (c) valuing neurodivergent characteristics.ConclusionsThis new RE‐STAR protocol proved feasible to implement in a way that was generally perceived, from multiple perspectives, to add depth and authenticity to research into the experiences of neurodivergent young people.
Effects of high‐pressure and CaCl2 pretreatments on the salt taste‐enhancing activity of hydrolysate derived from spent hen meat
Authors: Chen Ruixia , Liu Xiao‐Chen , Yao Xianqi , Wang Wei , Xiang Junyi , Tomasevic Igor , Sun Weizheng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh‐sodium intake has been proven to bring serious risks to public health. A potential sodium substitute of salt taste‐enhancing hydrolysate (STEH) of protein has been focused on recently. The salt taste‐enhancing activity (STEA) of STEH still needs to be improved. High‐pressure and calcium chloride (CaCl2) pretreatments were reported to affect proteolysis and promote the release of bioactive peptides. Hence, we investigated effects of high‐pressure and CaCl2 pretreatments on hydrolysis and STEA of STEH derived from spent hen.RESULTSThe pretreatments significantly influenced STEA of spent hen meat hydrolysate (SHH), especially 200 MPa pressure and 80 mmol L−1 CaCl2 pretreatments increased 27.1% salt taste intensity of SHH compared to that of blank (without pretreatments) according to sensory evaluation, the SHH umami also increased after pretreatments. In SHH, the proportion of peptides < 1000 Da increased up to 79.37% after the pretreatments compared to 73.68% of the blank. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased to 19.45% for moderate high‐pressure (200 MPa) from 18.02% for blank, and the DH decreased after higher high‐pressure and CaCl2 pretreatments, especially for CaCl2 in 80 mmol L−1. The change in particle size distribution of SHH has similar trends to DH.CONCLUSIONHigh‐pressure and CaCl2 pretreatments increased STEA of SHH by affecting hydrolysis process. The STEA increase may be related to increased small‐peptide proportion in SHH. Meanwhile, moderate high‐pressure may promote protein unfolding and further increase DH according to particle size distribution of SHH. The combination of proteolysis and pretreatments of high‐pressure and CaCl2 is a promising method to produce STEH. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Evolution of Microplastics Research: Global Trends and Agricultural Implications
Authors: Lotz Tom , Chen Wenjun , Su Shoubao , Chifflard Peter 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMicroplastics (MPs) are a growing concern due to their impact on ecosystems and human health. To identify the layout of the global research landscape, emerging topics, and future directions of MP research, particularly in the agricultural context, this study analyzed 16,134 publications from the period 2014 to 2023. The findings revealed a significant increase in MP publications, with China and India emerging as main contributors. Domestic citations, especially in emerging topics, have increased, potentially indicating reducing international information exchange. Seventy‐six topics were identified, with marine environments appearing in 39.8% of publications, while terrestrial (12.5%) and agricultural ecosystems (3.1%) showed substantial growth. At the same time, research on the effects of MP pollution is changing focus from aquatic life, such as fish (24.9%), to topics in the agricultural context, such as MP effects on soil microbes (3.5%) and terrestrial plants (6%). In the agricultural context, six main topics were identified: agricultural plastics, biosolids, pollutant interactions, microbial interactions, environmental risks, and human risks. The findings provide a comprehensive overview of the current research environment. Future research should prioritize understanding critical questions about MP sources, climate change effects, contaminant interactions, and impacts on microorganisms and human health. While exploring the long‐term impacts of MPs on agricultural ecosystems, international collaboration and information exchange should be emphasized to address regional research gaps. While these results reflect the dominant trends in the field, further research incorporating a broader set of countries and language sources could provide a more nuanced global perspective.
Promoting Physical Activity in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study to Develop Intervention Tools for Delivery of Diabetes‐Specific Education
Authors: Crabtree Daniel , Bradley Sara , Connelly Jenni , Bauermeister Lynn , Gorely Trish , MacRury Sandra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical activity is an important aspect of lifestyle management and type 2 diabetes, although the percentage of people with type 2 diabetes achieving recommended guidelines is low. Supported self‐management underpinned by group educational programmes may be helpful but difficult to implement in remote and rural areas. We aimed to test the feasibility of an approach based on education delivered individually by community‐based exercise advisors to people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsFollowing the development of an online educational toolkit a mixture of exercise advisors and people with type 2 diabetes were recruited. People with diabetes had a face‐to‐face consultation with an exercise advisor with mutually agreed follow‐up over 6 months. To track physical activity, people with diabetes aimed to wear an accelerometer device for 7 days at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Post‐intervention semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with both groups of participants to gauge perspectives of the initiative.ResultsThere was a 56% total attrition rate from baseline to 3 months due to COVID‐19 and its impact on clinical research. Around 50% of participants achieved minimum physical activity recommendations at each time point and 22% of participants had accelerometer data at 3 time points. People with diabetes valued interaction with exercise advisors and felt that the programme would be of greatest benefit to less active individuals. Exercise advisors felt that the programme provided more opportunities and increased confidence and that training in working with older less active individuals would be useful for them.ConclusionIt is feasible to develop a physical activity programme delivered by non‐healthcare practitioners underpinned by diabetes‐specific education tailored to people with type 2 diabetes. Several project adaptions should be considered for progress to a pilot study to assess an integrated physical activity programme delivered by community exercise advisors.
Electrically Tunable Spin‐Orbit Coupled Photonic Lattice in a Liquid Crystal Microcavity
Authors: Muszyński Marcin , Oliwa Przemysław , Kokhanchik Pavel , Kapuściński Piotr , Oton Eva , Mazur Rafał , Morawiak Przemysław , Piecek Wiktor , Kula Przemysław , Bardyszewski Witold , Piętka Barbara , Bobylev Daniil , Solnyshkov Dmitry , Malpuech Guillaume , Szczytko Jacek 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA 1D photonic crystal is created with strong polarization dependence and tunable by an applied electric field. This is accomplished in a planar microcavity by embedding a cholesteric liquid crystal (LC), which spontaneously forms a uniform lying helix (ULH). The applied voltage controls the orientation of the LC molecules and, consequently, the strength of a polarization‐dependent periodic potential. It leads to opening or closing of photonic bandgaps in the dispersion of the massive photons in the microcavity. In addition, when the ULH structure possesses a molecular tilt, it induces a spin‐orbit coupling between the lattice bands of different parity. This interband spin‐orbit coupling (ISOC) is analogous to optical activity and can be treated as a synthetic non‐Abelian gauge potential. Finally, it is showed that doping the LC with dyes allows us to achieve lasing that inherits all the above‐mentioned tunable properties of LC microcavity, including dual and circularly‐polarized lasing.
No Evidence of Early Developmental Delay in Juvenile‐Onset Huntington's Disease Patients
Authors: Olson Lucy , Dickens Sarah , Schultz Jordan L. , Neema Mohit , Nopoulos Peggy C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggest that early developmental delay is a common feature of Juvenile‐Onset Huntington's disease (JOHD), with highest incidence in those with very high CAG repeats (> 80). However, all reports of developmental delay in JOHD are exclusively based on retrospective review of medical charts. Comprehensive assessment of birth history metrics may provide better insight into the question of early life development in JOHD.ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence of prematurity, birth complications, low birth weight and developmental delay in patients with JOHD in comparison to control participants.MethodsParents of patients with JOHD and gene‐non‐expanded (GNE) control participants from Kids‐HD (n = 104) and Kids‐JOHD (n = 34, 24% with CAG > 80) studies completed a comprehensive birth history questionnaire. Answers focused on prematurity, birth complications, and birth weight, and along with reports of early developmental milestones, were compared between groups.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in prematurity, birth weights, birth complications, or motor and verbal developmental milestones between JOHD patients and GNE controls (all P values > 0.1). Furthermore, stratifying JOHD patients by CAG expansion (low vs. high) also showed no significant differences (GNE vs. low or GNE vs. high).ConclusionsThese findings support the notion that JOHD does not manifest as developmental delay before motor symptom onset and highlight a new framework to understand the course and nature of the disease.
Predictive Factors of Short Inpatient Stay Following Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Liau Zi Qiang Glen , Toh Jonathan Zhi Kai , Sathappan Lakshmanan , Ng Yau Hong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionEnhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols adopt a multidisciplinary approach in perioperative care to reduce Length of Stay (LOS). This study aims to identify predictive factors resulting in short‐stay following TKR with an ERAS programme.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on a consecutive series of patients who underwent unilateral TKR by a single surgeon in a tertiary institution between August 2019 and December 2021. Patient demographics, comorbidities and length of stay were collected using Electronic Medical Records. Short‐stay was defined as LOS within 1 day or less, while standard‐stay was defined as LOS exceeding 2 days or more. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 4.3.1. Logistic regression was performed for multivariate analysis.ResultsNinety‐nine patients were included in the study, comprising 45 short‐stay patients and 54 standard‐stay patients. Short‐stay patients were significantly younger (mean 66.1, 95% CI [64.5, 67.7], p = 0.0212) than standard‐stay patients (mean 69.2, 95% CI [67.1, 71.2]). There was a significantly lower mean BMI among short‐stay patients (26.98, 95% CI [25.52, 28.45], p = 0.021) than among standard‐stay patients (29.31, 95% CI [27.96, 30.66]). A significantly higher proportion of short‐stay patients (84.4%, 95% CI [73.4, 95.5], p = 0.00132) were premorbid community ambulant without aids than standard‐stay patients (51.9%, 95% CI [38.1, 65.6]). There was no significant difference in sex, race, smoking, American Society of Anaesthesiologists score and Charlson Comorbidity Index (p > 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression revealed the following significant factors: Age < 75 (p = 0.0293), BMI < 25 (p = 0.00688), and premorbid community ambulant without aids (p = 0.0402).ConclusionsIn conclusion, predictive factors for short‐stay after TKR include age < 75, BMI < 25 and being premorbid community ambulant without aids.
An Enhanced Lagrangian‐Eulerian Method for a Class of Balance Laws: Numerical Analysis via a Weak Asymptotic Method With Applications
Authors: Abreu Eduardo , Pandini Eduardo , Lambert Wanderson 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, we designed and implemented an enhanced Lagrangian‐Eulerian numerical method for solving a wide range of nonlinear balance laws, including systems of hyperbolic equations with source terms. We developed both fully discrete and semi‐discrete formulations, and extended the concept of No‐Flow curves to this general class of nonlinear balance laws. We conducted a numerical convergence study using weak asymptotic analysis, which involved investigating the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of entropy‐weak solutions computed with our scheme. The proposed method is Riemann‐solver‐free. To evaluate the shock‐capturing capabilities of the enhanced Lagrangian‐Eulerian numerical scheme, we carried out numerical experiments that demonstrate its ability to accurately resolve the key features of balance law models and hyperbolic problems. A representative set of numerical examples is provided to illustrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.