bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemostatic Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Amaranthus hybridus on Wistar Rats
Authors: Chinko B. C. , Amah-Tariah F. S. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Haemostasis refers to the arrest of bleeding due to vascular damage and involves the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways which converge at the point of fibrin activation to stop or minimize blood loss. Amaranthus hybridus contains a while range of nutritional, chemical and phytochemical constituents which gives it wide range of applications in folk medicine.
Aim: To evaluate the effects of ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus on blood platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) using Wistar rat models.
Methodology: Twenty Four (24) adult male Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were randomly divided into three (3) groups of eight (8) animals each. Oral administration of distilled water for the control group and ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus at 30 and 60 mg/kg lasted for twenty eight (28) days. Platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined using standard laboratory methods.
Results: Ethanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus significantly increased platelet count at 30 mg and 60 mg/kg compared to the control animals (p<0.05). Also, it significantly reduced prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time at 30 and 60 mg/kg in a dose dependent manner compared to control animals (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The study shows that ethanolic extract of Amaranthus hybridus may have enhanced haemostasis as demonstrated by increased platelet count and reduced prothrombin (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) time.
An Environmentally Stable and Lead‐Free Chalcogenide Perovskite
Authors: Gupta Tushar , Ghoshal Debjit , Yoshimura Anthony , Basu Swastik , Chow Philippe K. , Lakhnot Aniruddha S. , Pandey Juhi , Warrender Jeffrey M. , Efstathiadis Harry , Soni Ajay , Osei‐Agyemang Eric , Balasubramanian Ganesh , Zhang Shengbai , Shi Su‐Fei , Lu Toh‐Ming , Meunier Vincent , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites are intrinsically unstable when exposed to moisture and/or light. Additionally, the presence of lead in many perovskites raises toxicity concerns. Herein, a thin film of barium zirconium sulfide (BaZrS3), a lead‐free chalcogenide perovskite, is reported. Photoluminescence and X‐ray diffraction measurements show that BaZrS3 is far more stable than methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) in moist environments. Moisture‐ and light‐induced degradations in BaZrS3 and MAPbI3 are compared by using simulations and calculations based on density functional theory. The simulations reveal drastically slower degradation in BaZrS3 due to two factors—weak interaction with water and very low rates of ion migration. BaZrS3 photodetecting devices with photoresponsivity of ≈46.5 mA W−1 are also reported. The devices retain ≈60% of their initial photoresponse after 4 weeks under ambient conditions. Similar MAPbI3 devices degrade rapidly and show a ≈95% decrease in photoresponsivity in just 4 days. The findings establish the superior stability of BaZrS3 and strengthen the case for its use in optoelectronics. New possibilities for thermoelectric energy conversion using these materials are also demonstrated.
Thermoresponsive Shape‐Memory Hydrogel Actuators Made by Phototriggered Click Chemistry
Authors: Maiti Binoy , Abramov Alex , Franco Lourdes , Puiggalí Jordi , Enshaei Hamidreza , Alemán Carlos , Díaz David Díaz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article describes the design and synthesis of a new series of hydrogel membranes composed of trialkyne derivatives of glycerol ethoxylate and bisphenol A diazide (BA‐diazide) or diazide‐terminated PEG600 monomer via a Cu(I)‐catalyzed photoclick reaction. The water‐swollen hydrogel membranes display thermoresponsive actuation and their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) values are determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Glycerol ethoxylate moiety serves as the thermoresponsive component and hydrophilic part, while the azide‐based component acts as the hydrophobic comonomer and most likely provides a critical hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance contributing also to the significant mechanical strength of the membranes. These hydrogels exhibit a reversible shape‐memory effect in response to temperature through a defined phase transition. The swelling and deswelling behavior of the membranes are systematically examined. Due to the click nature of the reaction, easy availability of azide and alkyne functional‐monomers, and the polymer architecture, the glass transition temperature (Tg) is easily controlled through monomer design and crosslink density by varying the feed ratio of different monomers. The mechanical properties of the membranes are studied by universal tensile testing measurements. Moreover, the hydrogels show the ability to absorb a dye and release it in a controlled manner by applying heat below and above the LCST.
Unobstructed Ultrathin Gas Transport Channels in Composite Membranes by Interfacial Self‐Assembly
Authors: Wang Bo , Qiao Zhihua , Xu Jiayou , Wang Jixiao , Liu Xinlei , Zhao Song , Wang Zhi , Guiver Michael D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUltrathin unobstructed gas transport channels through the membrane selective layer are constructed in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) by using gravity‐induced interface self‐assembly of poly(vinylamine) and polymer‐modified MIL‐101(Cr). For CO2/N2 (15/85 by volume) mixed gas, the MMMs achieve a high CO2 permeance of 823 gas permeation units and CO2/N2 selectivity of 242 at 0.5 MPa. Based on economic analyses, a two‐stage membrane process can achieve gas separation and economic targets.
Atomic‐Precision Repair of a Few‐Layer 2H‐MoTe2 Thin Film by Phase Transition and Recrystallization Induced by a Heterophase Interface
Authors: Xu Xiaolong , Han Bo , Liu Shuai , Yang Shiqi , Jia Xionghui , Xu Wanjin , Gao Peng , Ye Yu , Dai Lun 
Published: April 2020

Abstract2D semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for post‐silicon nanoelectronics, owing to their unique properties and atomic thickness. However, in the handling of 2D material, various forms of macroscopic damage, such as cracks, wrinkles, and scratches, etc., are usually introduced, which cause adverse effects on the material properties and device performance. Repairing such macroscopic damage is crucial for improving device performance and reliability, especially for large‐scale 2D device arrays. Here, a method is demonstrated repair damage to few‐layer 2H‐MoTe2 films with atomic precision, and its mechanism is elucidated. The repaired 2H‐MoTe2 inherits the lattice orientation of the adjacent original 2H‐MoTe2, thereby forming an atomically perfect lattice at the repaired interface. The time‐evolution experiments show that the interface between the 2H‐ and early formed 1T'‐MoTe2 plays an important role in the subsequent phase transition and recrystallization. Electrical measurements on the original MoTe2, repaired MoTe2, and cross‐interface regions show unobservable differences, indicating that the repaired MoTe2 has the same electrical quality as the original one and the interface does not introduce extra scattering centers for carrier transport. The findings provide an effective strategy for macroscopic damage repair of few‐layer 2H‐MoTe2, which paves the way for its practical application in advanced electronics and optoelectronics.
A Porous Au@Rh Bimetallic Core–Shell Nanostructure as an H2O2‐Driven Oxygenerator to Alleviate Tumor Hypoxia for Simultaneous Bimodal Imaging and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wang Jinping , Sun Jingyu , Hu Wei , Wang Yuhao , Chou Tsengming , Zhang Beilu , Zhang Qiang , Ren Lei , Wang Hongjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn treatment of hypoxic tumors, oxygen‐dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considerably limited. Herein, a new bimetallic and biphasic Rh‐based core–shell nanosystem (Au@Rh‐ICG‐CM) is developed to address tumor hypoxia while achieving high PDT efficacy. Such porous Au@Rh core–shell nanostructures are expected to exhibit catalase‐like activity to efficiently catalyze oxygen generation from endogenous hydrogen peroxide in tumors. Coating Au@Rh nanostructures with tumor cell membrane (CM) enables tumor targeting via homologous binding. As a result of the large pores of Rh shells and the trapping ability of CM, the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) is successfully loaded and retained in the cavity of Au@Rh‐CM. Au@Rh‐ICG‐CM shows good biocompatibility, high tumor accumulation, and superior fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging properties. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that Au@Rh‐ICG‐CM is able to effectively convert endogenous hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and then elevate the production of tumor‐toxic singlet oxygen to significantly enhance PDT. As noted, the mild photothermal effect of Au@Rh‐ICG‐CM also improves PDT efficacy. By integrating the superiorities of hypoxia regulation function, tumor accumulation capacity, bimodal imaging, and moderate photothermal effect into a single nanosystem, Au@Rh‐ICG‐CM can readily serve as a promising nanoplatform for enhanced cancer PDT.
Preparative‐Scale Production of Testosterone Metabolites by Human Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzyme 3A4
Authors: Fessner Nico D. , Srdič Matic , Weber Hansjörg , Schmid Christian , Schönauer David , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Glieder Anton 
Published: April 2020

AbstractJust like the drugs themselves, their metabolites have to be evaluated to succeed in a drug development and approval process. It is therefore essential to be able to predict drug metabolism and to synthesise sufficient metabolite quantities for further pharmacological testing. This study evaluates the possibility of using in vitro biotransformations to solve both these challenges in the case of testosterone as a representative component for steroids. The application of cells of Pichia pastoris with expressed membrane‐associated human liver cytochrome P450 enzyme (P450) 3A4 in two cycles of a preparative‐scale bioreactor experiment enabled the isolation of the common metabolites 6β‐hydroxytestosterone and 6β‐hydroxyandrostenedione on a 100 mg scale. Side‐product formation caused by enzymes intrinsic to P. pastoris was reduced. In addition more polar testosterone metabolites formed by a P450 3A4‐catalysed bioconversion, than the known mono‐hydroxylated ones, are reported and 6‐dehydro‐15β‐hydroxytestosterone as well as the di‐hydroxylated steroids 6β,16β‐dihydroxytestosterone, 6β,17β‐dihydroxy‐4‐androstene‐3,16‐dione and 6β,12β‐dihydroxyandrostenedione were isolated and verified by NMR analysis. Their respective biological significance remains to be investigated. Whole‐cell P450 catalysts expressed in P. pastoris qualify as a tool for the preparative‐scale synthesis of human metabolites. Biotransformation processes in combination with standard chemical procedures allow the isolation and characterisation even of minor drug metabolite products.magnified image
Optimizing the nutritional quality and phosphorus use efficiency of alfalfa under drip irrigation with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization
Authors: Zhang Qianbing , Liu Junying , Liu Xuanshuai , Sun Yanliang , Li Shengyi , Lu Weihua , Ma Chunhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAppropriate fertilization is an important management practice for optimizing the nutritional quality and increasing the phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of field‐grown alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). A 2‐yr field experiment in 2017 and 2018 in Xinjiang, China, involving fertilization with different amounts of N (0, 105, and 210 kg ha−1, referred to as N0, N1, and N2, respectively) and P (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1, referred to as P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively) was established and resulted in the production of high‐quality alfalfa under drip irrigation. The crude protein (CP) content in the N1 treatment was greater than that in the N2 treatment under the P0, P2, and P3 treatments. Compared with that in the N1P0 and N2P3 treatments, the relative feed value (RFV) in the N1P2 treatment increased by 9−21% and 8−18%, respectively. The annual total CP yield in the N1P2 treatment was the greatest. Compared with that in the N1P3 treatment, the total PUE in the N1P2 treatment increased by 76.69−99.69%. At each clipping, the CP yield and PUE of alfalfa were significantly different between the N and P treatments. Therefore, we conclude that when N was applied at 105 kg ha−1 and P was applied at 100 kg ha−1, alfalfa presented the greatest nutritional quality and PUE under drip irrigation.
High‐performance oxygen transport membrane reactors integrated with IGCC for carbon capture
Authors: Cai Lili , Wu Xiao‐Yu , Zhu Xuefeng , Ghoniem Ahmed F. , Yang Weishen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrecombustion carbon capture is an effective strategy to reduce large‐scale CO2 emissions, which is mainly used in the area of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. Oxygen transport membranes (OTMs) were suggested as the air separation unit to produce high purity oxygen for the gasifier. However, the improvement in efficiency was limited. Here, a new IGCC process is reported based on a robust OTM reactor, where the OTM reactor is used behind the coal gasifier. This IGCC‐OTM process fulfills syngas oxidation, H2 production, and carbon capture in one unit, thus a significant decrease of the energy penalty is expectable. The membrane reactor does not use noble metal components, and exhibits high hydrogen production rates, high hydrogen separation factor (103–104), and stable performance in a gas mixture mimicking real syngas compositions from a coal gasifier with H2S concentrations up to 1,000 ppm.
Chemische Modifizierung der reduzierenden Enden von Cellulosenanokristallen
Authors: Heise Katja , Delepierre Gwendoline , King Alistair W. T. , Kostiainen Mauri A. , Zoppe Justin , Weder Christoph , Kontturi Eero 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNative Pflanzencellulose hat eine intrinsische, supramolekulare Struktur und kann daher als Nanocellulosespezies isoliert werden, die als Baustein für nachhaltige Nanomaterialien genutzt werden kann. Die Struktur der Cellulose selbst erlaubt außerdem selektive Modifizierungen, exklusiv ausgehend von einem Ende der Cellulosekette oder des Nanocellulosepartikels. Die Prämisse von Endgruppen‐selektiven Modifizierungen ist lange bekannt, jedoch haben sich verschiedene Reaktionskonzepte erst in den letzten Jahren entwickelt. Dies ist unter anderem auf präparative und analytische Herausforderungen zurückzuführen, wie die nur bedingte Reaktivität des reduzierenden Endes und das geringe Vorkommen selektiv eingeführter Funktionalitäten. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, ganzheitlich die wissenschaftlichen Prinzipien und Herausforderungen hinter der chemischen Modifizierung des reduzierenden Endes von Cellulosenanokristallen zu beleuchten. Des Weiteren diskutieren wir, wie sich diese Funktionalisierungen für einen zielgerichteten Strukturaufbau nutzen lassen. Derartige Nanostrukturen ermöglichen weitreichende Materialdesigns, von Templaten für adaptive Flüssigkristalle bis zu maßgeschneiderten Nanokompositen.
Soft Polymer Janus Nanoparticles at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Jiang Yufeng , Chakroun Ramzi , Gu Peiyang , Gröschel André H. , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoft polymeric Janus nanoparticles (JNPs), made from polystyrene‐b‐poly(butadiene)‐b‐poly(methylmethacrylate), PS‐PB‐PMMA, triblock terpolymers, assemble into a monolayer at the water–oil interface to reduce interfacial tension. The extent to which the polymer chains can deform influences the packing density of the JNPs at the interface. The longer the polymer chains are relative to the core, the softer are the JNPs, resulting in a JNPs assembly with a lower initial lateral packing density. The interfacial activity of JNPs can be further tuned by complexation of the PMMA chains with lithium ions that are introduced into the water phase. This work provides a fundamental understanding of soft JNPs packing at the water–oil interface and provides a strategy to tailor the areal density of soft JNPs at liquid–liquid interface, enabling the design of smart responsive structured‐liquid systems.
Ein Supermolekül mit minimaler Metallbesetzung basierend auf einem fünffach‐symmetrischen Baustein
Authors: Schiller Jana , Peresypkina Eugenia , Virovets Alexander V. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEin beispielloses, kationisches Supramolekül [(Cp′′Fe(η5‐P5))12{CuNCMe}8]8+ mit einem Durchmesser von 2.66 nm wurde erstmals selektiv als Salz des schwach koordinierenden Anions [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]− isoliert und mittels Röntgenstrukturanalyse, PXRD, NMR‐Spektroskopie und Massenspektrometrie charakterisiert. Sein Kern enthält die kleinstmögliche Anzahl von Cu‐Atomen zur Bindung an 12 Pentaphosphaferrocen‐Einheiten und Bildung eines Supramoleküls mit Fulleren‐Topologie, das, aus topologischer Sicht, zugleich das einfachste Homolog innerhalb der Familie der Metall‐defizitären Pentaphosphaferrocen‐basierten Supramoleküle [{CpRFe(η5‐P5)}12(CuX)20−n] repräsentiert. Die höchste Anzahl bisher realisierbarer vakanter Metallpositionen (12) zwischen cyclo‐P5‐Ringen machen diese Verbindung zu einem geeigneten Ausgangsstoff für potentielle innere und äußere Modifikationen des Kerns sowie für Funktionalisierungen mittels Substitution labiler Acetonitril‐Liganden.
Chemically Programmable and Switchable CAR‐T Therapy
Authors: Qi Junpeng , Tsuji Kohei , Hymel David , Burke Terrence R. , Hudecek Michael , Rader Christoph , Peng Haiyong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlthough macromolecules on cell surfaces are predominantly targeted and drugged with antibodies, they harbor pockets that are only accessible to small molecules and constitutes a rich subset of binding sites with immense potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility. Compared to antibodies, however, small molecules are disadvantaged by a less confined biodistribution, shorter circulatory half‐life, and inability to communicate with the immune system. Presented herein is a method that endows small molecules with the ability to recruit and activate chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐Ts). It is based on a CAR‐T platform that uses a chemically programmed antibody fragment (cp‐Fab) as on/off switch. In proof‐of‐concept studies, this cp‐Fab/CAR‐T system targeting folate binding proteins on the cell surface mediated potent and specific eradication of folate‐receptor‐expressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Biocatalytic Reduction Reactions from a Chemist's Perspective
Authors: Hollmann Frank , Opperman Diederik J. , Paul Caroline E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractReductions play a key role in organic synthesis, producing chiral products with new functionalities. Enzymes can catalyse such reactions with exquisite stereo‐, regio‐ and chemoselectivity, leading the way to alternative shorter classical synthetic routes towards not only high‐added‐value compounds but also bulk chemicals. In this review we describe the synthetic state‐of‐the‐art and potential of enzymes that catalyse reductions, ranging from carbonyl, enone and aromatic reductions to reductive aminations.
Thermal and exergy efficiency of magnetohydrodynamic Fe3O4‐H2O nanofluids flowing through a built‐in twisted turbulator corrugated tube under magnetic field
Authors: Fan Fan , Qi Cong , Tang Jinghua , Liu Qi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExperimental investigations were conducted to explore the thermal and exergy efficiency of Fe3O4‐H2O nanofluids in a corrugated tube. Some influences of the twisted turbulator, horizontal magnetic fields (B = 6mT, 12mT, and 18mT), particle mass fractions (ω = 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) as well as Re numbers (800–12,000) were analyzed. The experimental results exhibited that the heat transfer capacity of nanofluids intensifies with the increment of mass fraction but weakens with the increase of magnetic flux density. For the same external conditions, the heat transfer capability of the corrugated tube with an inserted twisted turbulator is obviously stronger than that without the turbulator. The resistance coefficient can be augmented by the increasing mass fraction and horizontal magnetic field. In addition, the thermal efficiency R3 and the exergy efficiency were adopted to estimate the comprehensive performance of each working condition. It could be found that the increased mass fraction and reduced magnetic flux density cause an increasing trend on the thermal efficiency. Also, it was obtained that the exergy efficiency of working fluids is intensified under identical pumping power.
Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Intoxication with essential oils isolated from Lippia turbinata (Griseb.) and analysis of neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors, putative targets for pest control
Authors: Corzo Fernando Livio , Traverso Lucila , Sterkel Marcos , Benavente Alba , Ajmat María Teresa , Ons Sheila 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella is a pest of stored products worldwide. Plant‐derived essential oils with insecticidal activity could be safe products to control this species. The scarce information about the mode of action of most plant‐derived products limits their use for the control of insect pests. Here, we demonstrate that an essential oil distilled from Lippia turbinata (“poleo”) has insecticidal activity on P. interpunctella larvae. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive characterization of P. interpunctella neuroendocrine system, in comparison with other lepidopteran species.
Thermodynamic Control of Domain Swapping by Modulating the Helical Propensity in the Hinge Region of Myoglobin
Authors: Nagao Satoshi , Suda Ayaka , Kobayashi Hisashi , Shibata Naoki , Higuchi Yoshiki , Hirota Shun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDomain swapping is an exception to Anfinsen's dogma, and more than one structure can be produced from the same amino acid sequence by domain swapping. We have previously shown that myoglobin (Mb) can form a domain‐swapped dimer in which the hinge region is converted to a helical structure. In this study, we showed that domain‐swapped dimerization of Mb was achieved by a single Ala mutation of Gly at position 80. Multiple Ala mutations at positions 81 and 82 in addition to position 80 facilitated dimerization of Mb by stabilization of the dimeric states. Domain swapping tendencies correlated well with the helical propensity of the mutated residue in a series of Mb mutants with amino acids introduced to the hinge region. These findings demonstrate that a single mutation in the hinge loop to modify helical propensity can control oligomer formation, providing new ideas to create high‐order protein oligomers using domain swapping.
Solvent‐Free Photobiocatalytic Hydroxylation of Cyclohexane
Authors: Hobisch Markus , van Schie Morten Martinus Cornelis Harald , Kim Jinhyun , Røjkjær Andersen Kasper , Alcalde Miguel , Kourist Robert , Park Chan Beum , Hollmann Frank , Kara Selin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of neat reaction media, that is the avoidance of additional solvents, is the simplest and the most efficient approach to follow in biocatalysis. Here, we show that unspecific peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO) can hydroxylate the neat model substrate cyclohexane. H2O2 was photocatalytically generated in situ by nitrogen‐doped carbon nanodots (N−CNDs) and UV LED illumination. AaeUPO entrapment in alginate beads increased enzyme stability and facilitated the reaction in neat cyclohexane. N−CNDs absorption in beads containing AaeUPO created a 2‐in‐1 heterogeneous photobiocatalyst that was active for up to seven days under reaction conditions and produced cyclohexanol, 2.5 mM. To increase productivity, the bead size and the photocatalyst‐to‐enzyme ratio have been identified as promising targets for optimisation.