bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Diversity and Spatiotemporal Distributions of Lassa Virus Outbreaks in Nigeria
Authors: Yahaya Abdulwahid Abaukaka , Asgari Yazdan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Lassa virus (LASV) is a single-negative strand RNA Arenavirus (genus Mammarenavirus ), oriented in both negative and positive senses. Due to the increase in fatality rate of deadly disease LASV caused (Lassa fever), widespread of LASV in Nigeria has been a subject of interest. Following the upsurge of LASV endemicity in 2012, another marked incidence were recorded in Nigeria, 2018, with 394 confirmed cases in 19 states, and estimated 25% cases led to death. This study aimed at acquiring the genetic variation of LASV ancestral evolution with evolvement of new strains in different lineage and its geographical distributions within specific time of outbreaks through Bayesian inference, using genomic sequence across affected states in Nigeria. Results From the result, we were able to establish the relationship of Lassa mamarenavirus and other arenaviruses by classifying them into distinct monophyletic groups, i.e. the old world arenaviruses, new world arenaviruses, and Reptarenaviruses. Corresponding promoter sites for genetic expression of the viral genome were analyzed based on Transcription Starting Site (TSS), the S_Segment (MK291249.1) is about 2917–2947 bp and L_Segment (MH157036.1), is about1863–1894 bp long. LASV sequence obtained from different part of Nigeria were genetically related. Benue, Imo, and Bauchi states represent the host etiology of the LASV. Spread across other neighboring states were based on genetic pedigree dated to previous outbreaks as at year 2008 to 2012. Phylogeography of recent transmission from year 2017 to 2019 indicates vectors were fast spreading LASV from Ondo states to Delta, Edo, and Kogi states, while spread across north eastern states suggests a vector origin from Bauchi state. Conclusions The study evidently outlined the path of transmission based on genetic homology of the sampled LASV sequences in affected geographical locations. we suggests, federal government should initiate a vector surveillance program to curtails further spread of LASV, especially, states bordering with north western states and north central Nigeria. Keywords Genomic, Lassa Virus, Phylogeography, Spatiotemporal and Nigeria
KONSEP ETIKA DALAM DAKWAH
Authors: Fatihah Siti Rohmatul 
Published: October 2019

<p><em>Da'wah must be done with science. People who have an interest in plunging into the world of da'wah are required to understand the rules and mechanisms of dakwah fully intact before further practicing it. </em><em>If one is forced to do da'wah without controlling or understanding knowledge (among other things related to ethics and aesthetics of da'wah), not only the process and the result is not good, but also the consequences can be dangerous, both for the image of Islam, da'wah, and religious life in general . Because, deeper and broader understanding and understanding of religious teachings, community life, and ways of preaching (including ethics and aesthetics), the dakwah is shown more wise, wise, touching, interesting, memorable, and longing.</em></p><p align="center"><em> </em></p><p align="center"><em>****</em></p><p align="center"><em> </em></p>Dakwah harus dilakukan dengan ilmu. Orang yang memiliki minat terjun ke dunia dakwah di wajibkan memahami aturan-aturan dan mekanisme dakwah dengan utuh secara sempurna sebelum lebih jauh mempraktikkannya. Jika seseorang memaksakan diri melakukan dakwah tanpa menuguasai atau memahami ilmu (antara lain berkaitan dengan etika dan estetika dakwah), bukan hanya proses dan hasilnya yang kurang baik, tetapi juga akibatnya dapat menjadi berbahaya, baik bagi citra Islam, dakwah, maupun kehidupan keagamaan pada umumnya. Karena, semakin dalam dan luas pemahaman serta waawasan dai terhadap ajaran agama, kehidupan masyarakat, serta cara berdakwah (termasuk di dalamnya etika dan estetika), maka dakwah yang ditunjukkan semakin arif, bijak, menyentuh, menarik, mengesankan, dan dirindukan.
Neuropsychological and Syntactic Deficits in HIV Seropositive Males
Authors: Kambanaros Maria , Messinis Lambros , Psichogiou Mina , Leonidou Lydia , Gogos Charalambos A. , Nasios Grigorios , Papathanasopoulos Panagiotis 
Published: October 2019

Objective:Given the underlying frontal-basal ganglia circuit neuropathogenesis of HIV-infected individuals, it is surprising that little is reported about potential language deficits as part of their higher cognitive dysfunctional profile. This study aims to elucidate whether HIV-positive individuals have linguistic impairments that may originate from or be intensified by deficits in cognitive functions. The research questions address (i) quantitative differences in sentence repetition abilities involving complex syntactic phenomena between adults with HIV and non-HIV healthy controls (ii) correlations of sentence repetition scores with neurocognitive measures and (iii) correlation of sentence repetition performance with duration and severity of HIV.Methods:A battery of neuropsychological tests were administered to 40 HIV - seropositive males and 40 demographically matched healthy controls to assess verbal learning/episodic memory, psychomotor speed, executive functions and visuospatial abilities. Language abilities were evaluated using a repetition task that screened specific complex syntactic operations at the sentence-level.Results:A significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding correct repetition of the sentence repetition task with the control group outperforming the HIV-seropositive group. For the HIV group, significant correlations were found for correct sentence repetition with years of education, duration of illness, Mini-Mental State Examination, semantic and phonemic fluency, symbol digit modality test scores, and the Trail Making Test (parts A and B).Conclusion:Speech-language pathologists and neuropsychologists should screen for language deficits associated with the different clinical syndromes in HIV patients as part of their routine clinical care.
Identification of Klebsiella Variicola T29A Genes Involved In Tolerance To Desiccation
Authors: Rodríguez-Andrade Osvaldo , Corral-Lugo Andrés , Morales-García Yolanda E. , Quintero-Hernández Verónica , Rivera-Urbalejo América P. , Molina-Romero Dalia , Martínez-Contreras Rebeca D. , Bernal Patricia , Muñoz-Rojas Jesús 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:Several plant-beneficial bacteria have the capability to promote the growth of plants through different mechanisms. The survival of such bacteria could be affected by environmental abiotic factors compromising their capabilities of phytostimulation. One of the limiting abiotic factors is low water availability.Materials and Methods:In extreme cases, bacterial cells can suffer desiccation, which triggers harmful effects on cells. Bacteria tolerant to desiccation have developed different strategies to cope with these conditions; however, the genes involved in these processes have not been sufficiently explored.Klebsiella variicolaT29A is a beneficial bacterial strain that promotes the growth of corn plants and is highly tolerant to desiccation. In the present work, we investigated genes involved in desiccation tolerance.Results & Discussion:As a result, a library of 8974 mutants of this bacterial strain was generated by random mutagenesis with mini-Tn5 transposon, and mutants that lost the capability to tolerate desiccation were selected. We found 14 sensitive mutants; those with the lowest bacterial survival rate contained mini-Tn5 transposon inserted into genes encoding a protein domain related to BetR, putative secretion ATPase and dihydroorotase. The mutant in the betR gene had the lowest survival; therefore, the mutagenized gene was validated using specific amplification and sequencing.Conclusion:Trans complementation with the wild-type gene improved the survival of the mutant under desiccation conditions, showing that this gene is a determinant for the survival ofK. variicolaT29A under desiccation conditions.
Synthesis and Study of 4, 4-12-12 Alkyl Phenol Polyoxyethylene Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant
Authors: Yan Lu , Ping Fan 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Gemini surfactants have good prospect of application development
in various fields for their superior performance in foaming, wettability, and emulsification
with lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) than conventional mono-surfactants.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to synthesize an ionic sulfonate Gemini surfactant,
which is mainly used as an oil flooding agent, to improve oil recovery and reduce oil production
cost.

Methods:
With 4-dodecyl phenol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol as the raw materials
to synthesize two sulfonate Gemini surfactants. The single factor experiment combined
with Box-Behnken center composite experimental design, the optimum reaction conditions
were determined. The optimal reaction condition of sulfonation was determined by orthogonal
test. The product structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared.

Results:
The mass fraction of sodium hydroxide ω(NaOH), temperature and the quality ratio of
hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to dodecyl phenol were 18%, 93.5°C and 14.2%,
respectively. Under the condition of ice bath, the molar ratio of chlorosulfonic acid to 4, 4-
12-12 alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether was 2.02:1 and reaction for 5h. The critical micelle
concentration was determined to be 2×10-4, 1.05×10-4, respectively.

Conclusion:
Two sulfonate Gemini surfactants, namely 5, 5-dilauryl alkyl-2,2'-(diethylene
glycol oxygen base) sodium diphenyl sulfonate and 5,5-dilauryl alkyl-2,2'-(triethylene glycol
oxygen base) sodium diphenyl sulfonate (recorded as III and IV, respectively) were synthesized.
The synthesized surfactants have excellent emulsification ability.
Intellectual Structure and Evolutionary Trends of Precision Medicine Research: Coword Analysis
Authors: Lyu Xiaoguang , Hu Jiming , Dong Weiguo , Xu Xin 
Published: October 2019

Background
Precision medicine (PM) is playing a more and more important role in clinical practice. In recent years, the scale of PM research has been growing rapidly. Many reviews have been published to facilitate a better understanding of the status of PM research. However, there is still a lack of research on the intellectual structure in terms of topics.

Objective
This study aimed to identify the intellectual structure and evolutionary trends of PM research through the application of various social network analysis and visualization methods.

Methods
The bibliographies of papers published between 2009 and 2018 were extracted from the Web of Science database. Based on the statistics of keywords in the papers, a coword network was generated and used to calculate network indicators of both the entire network and local networks. Communities were then detected to identify subdirections of PM research. Topological maps of networks, including networks between communities and within each community, were drawn to reveal the correlation structure. An evolutionary graph and a strategic graph were finally produced to reveal research venation and trends in discipline communities.

Results
The results showed that PM research involves extensive themes and, overall, is not balanced. A minority of themes with a high frequency and network indicators, such as Biomarkers, Genomics, Cancer, Therapy, Genetics, Drug, Target Therapy, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacogenetics, and Molecular, can be considered the core areas of PM research. However, there were five balanced theme directions with distinguished status and tendencies: Cancer, Biomarkers, Genomics, Drug, and Therapy. These were shown to be the main branches that were both focused and well developed. Therapy, though, was shown to be isolated and undeveloped.

Conclusions
The hotspots, structures, evolutions, and development trends of PM research in the past ten years were revealed using social network analysis and visualization. In general, PM research is unbalanced, but its subdirections are balanced. The clear evolutionary and developmental trend indicates that PM research has matured in recent years. The implications of this study involving PM research will provide reasonable and effective support for researchers, funders, policymakers, and clinicians.
Automatic Detection of Hypoglycemic Events From the Electronic Health Record Notes of Diabetes Patients: Empirical Study
Authors: Jin Yonghao , Li Fei , Vimalananda Varsha G , Yu Hong 
Published: October 2019

Background
Hypoglycemic events are common and potentially dangerous conditions among patients being treated for diabetes. Automatic detection of such events could improve patient care and is valuable in population studies. Electronic health records (EHRs) are valuable resources for the detection of such events.

Objective
In this study, we aim to develop a deep-learning–based natural language processing (NLP) system to automatically detect hypoglycemic events from EHR notes. Our model is called the High-Performing System for Automatically Detecting Hypoglycemic Events (HYPE).

Methods
Domain experts reviewed 500 EHR notes of diabetes patients to determine whether each sentence contained a hypoglycemic event or not. We used this annotated corpus to train and evaluate HYPE, the high-performance NLP system for hypoglycemia detection. We built and evaluated both a classical machine learning model (ie, support vector machines [SVMs]) and state-of-the-art neural network models.

Results
We found that neural network models outperformed the SVM model. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model yielded the highest performance in a 10-fold cross-validation setting: mean precision=0.96 (SD 0.03), mean recall=0.86 (SD 0.03), and mean F1=0.91 (SD 0.03).

Conclusions
Despite the challenges posed by small and highly imbalanced data, our CNN-based HYPE system still achieved a high performance for hypoglycemia detection. HYPE can be used for EHR-based hypoglycemia surveillance and population studies in diabetes patients.
Combining Contextualized Embeddings and Prior Knowledge for Clinical Named Entity Recognition: Evaluation Study
Authors: Jiang Min , Sanger Todd , Liu Xiong 
Published: October 2019

Background
Named entity recognition (NER) is a key step in clinical natural language processing (NLP). Traditionally, rule-based systems leverage prior knowledge to define rules to identify named entities. Recently, deep learning–based NER systems have become more and more popular. Contextualized word embedding, as a new type of representation of the word, has been proposed to dynamically capture word sense using context information and has proven successful in many deep learning–based systems in either general domain or medical domain. However, there are very few studies that investigate the effects of combining multiple contextualized embeddings and prior knowledge on the clinical NER task.

Objective
This study aims to improve the performance of NER in clinical text by combining multiple contextual embeddings and prior knowledge.

Methods
In this study, we investigate the effects of combining multiple contextualized word embeddings with classic word embedding in deep neural networks to predict named entities in clinical text. We also investigate whether using a semantic lexicon could further improve the performance of the clinical NER system.

Results
By combining contextualized embeddings such as ELMo and Flair, our system achieves the F-1 score of 87.30% when only training based on a portion of the 2010 Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside NER task dataset. After incorporating the medical lexicon into the word embedding, the F-1 score was further increased to 87.44%. Another finding was that our system still could achieve an F-1 score of 85.36% when the size of the training data was reduced to 40%.

Conclusions
Combined contextualized embedding could be beneficial for the clinical NER task. Moreover, the semantic lexicon could be used to further improve the performance of the clinical NER system.
A Web-Based Self-Titration Program to Control Blood Pressure in Patients With Primary Hypertension: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kao Chi-Wen , Chen Ting-Yu , Cheng Shu-Meng , Lin Wei-Shiang , Chang Yue-Cune 
Published: October 2019

Background
Hypertension is a major cause of mortality in cardiac, vascular, and renal disease. Effective control of elevated blood pressure has been shown to reduce target organ damage. A Web-based self-titration program may empower patients to control their own disease, share decisions about antihypertensive dose titration, and improve self-management, ultimately improving health-related quality of life.

Objective
Our primary aim was to evaluate the effects of a Web-based self-titration program for improving blood pressure control in patients with primary hypertension. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of that program on improving health-related quality of life.

Methods
This was a parallel-group, double-blind, randomized controlled trial with assessments at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. We included patients with primary hypertension (blood pressure>130/80 mm Hg) from a cardiology outpatient department in northern Taiwan and divided them randomly into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the Web-based self-titration program, while the control group received usual care. The random allocation was concealed from participants and outcome evaluators. Health-related quality of life was measured by the EuroQol five-dimension self-report questionnaire. We used generalized estimating equations to evaluate the effects of the intervention.

Results
We included 222 patients and divided them equally into intervention (n=111) and control (n=111) groups. Patients receiving the Web-based self-titration program showed significantly greater improvement in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure control than those who did not receive this program, at 3 months (–21.4 mm Hg and –5.4 mm Hg, respectively; P<.001) and 6 months (–27.8 mm Hg and –9.7 mm Hg, respectively; P<.001). Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the overall defined daily dose at both 3 (–0.202, P=.003) and 6 (–0.236, P=.001) months. Finally, health-related quality of life improved significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group at both 3 and 6 months (both, P<.001).

Conclusions
A Web-based self-titration program can provide immediate feedback to patients about how to control their blood pressure and manage their disease at home. This program not only decreases mean blood pressure but also increases health-related quality of life in patients with primary hypertension.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03470974; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03470974
TERMINALIA ARJUNA TRANSDERMAL MATRIX FORMULATION CONTAINING DIFFERENT POLYMER COMPONENTS
Authors: DINANATH GAIKWAD  , NAMDEO JADHAV  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this research work was to prepare a transdermal matrix formulation containing different polymer components for topical delivery.
Methods: Terminalia arjuna bark extract loaded transdermal patches were prepared using solvent casting technique with different amount of chitosan and Eudragit RL 100 batches were prepared according to 32 factorial designs.
Results: The transdermal patches prepared were evaluated for different physicochemical properties, determination of drug content, in vitro diffusion study, ex vivo study, skin irritation study, and stability study. Infrared studies indicate the absence of chemical interaction or any changes in the chemical composition of extract during the preparation of transdermal patch. In vitro diffusion study and ex vivo diffusion study of optimized batch S3 showed drug releases to 74.56–69.12%, respectively, up to 12 h. Skin irritation study indicates that the extract and excipients used in the patch do not show any irritating effect on the skin. All the prepared transdermal matrix formulations were found to be stable on storage.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that prepared matrix formulation containing different polymer components can be used for transdermal delivery for the treatment of chronic ailments such as cardiovascular disorder.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SUCCESSIVE SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF ALBIZIA LEBBECK AND SOLANUM SEAFORTHIANUM AGAINST SOME HUMAN PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS
Authors: HOSUR NARAYANAPPA VENKATESH  , DEVIHALLI CHIKKAIAH MOHANA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The continuous emergence of multidrug resistance bacteria and yeast, and the negative impact of synthetic preservatives have led to an increased interest in the use of plant extracts as alternative antimicrobial agents. In the present investigation, the antimicrobial activity of successive solvent extracts of Albizia lebbeck and Solanum seaforthianum has been evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria and yeast.
Methods: The disc diffusion method was employed for determination of the zone of inhibitions (ZOIs) and twofold broth dilution technique was employed for determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations, and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations.
Results: Among the successive solvent extracts tested, methanol extracts of both A. lebbeck and S. seaforthianum showed highest antibacterial activity with ZOIs ranged between 10.0 and 20.4 mm at 1 mg/disc followed by ethanol (ZOIs 8.1–17.6 mm). The petroleum ether, toluene, and chloroform extracts showed the least activity. The highest activity was observed against Streptococcus faecalis, whereas the least activity was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Conclusion: The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of A. lebbeck and S. seaforthianum could be explored as antimicrobial agents for the management of pathogenic bacteria and yeast.
EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTROPICS ON NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: RAJESH VENKATARAMAN  , MUHAMMED RASHID  , AKHILA G  , SHIJO DANIEL  , AMALATHOMAS  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether psychotropic has any effect on neutrophils and lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in psychiatric patients.
Methods: In this hospital-based prospective quasi-randomized follow-up study, we analyzed every 10 patients with newly diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder for complete blood count before and after treatment with the selected psychotropic.
Results: There was a significant increase in NLR of patients with depression after treatment with psychotropic (p=0.001), also in schizophrenia, there was a slight increase in NLR of patients after treatment with psychotropic (p=0.005), but in bipolar disorder, there was a significant decrease in NLR of patients after treatment with psychotropic (p=0.002).
Conclusion: The present study confirmed that psychotropics have a statistically significant effect on the increase in NLR in patients with depression, a slight increase in patients with schizophrenia, and a decrease in patients with bipolar disorder. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the mechanism of psychotropic drug effect on NLR.