bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Children Not Receiving Early Enteral Nutrition Is Associated With Significantly Higher Mortality
Authors: Goday Praveen S. , Kuhn Evelyn M. , Mikhailov Theresa A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether early parenteral nutrition (PN) (25% of goal energy within 48 hours of PICU admission) is associated with poorer outcomes in children receiving no enteral nutrition (EN).MethodsMulticenter retrospective study of patients aged 1 month to 18 years who had a PICU length of stay (PLOS) >96 hours. We obtained weight, sex, pediatric index of mortality 2 score (PIM‐2), PLOS, duration of mechanical ventilation (DMV), mortality data, and nutrition intake data. Logistic and mixed model regression analysis were used to compare data.Results2069 patients (53.2% male, median age 6.61 years) received no EN in the first 4 days. Children receiving early PN were more likely to die than those who did not when adjusted for PIM‐2, propensity score, and center (odds ratio = 2.10 [1.41–3.13], median [IQR]; P = 0.0003). The unadjusted PLOS (9.48 [5.94–18.19], and unadjusted DMV (6.73 [3.48–13.98]) for patients receiving early PN were both significantly longer than those who did not (6.75 [4.95–11.65]; P < 0.0001 and 4.9 [1.88–10.19]; P = 0.009, respectively). When adjusted for PIM‐2, center, percentage of energy from protein, and age, the PLOS and DMV for those receiving early PN did not differ from those who did not (P = 0.14 and P = 0.76, respectively).ConclusionIn children with PLOS >96 hours receiving no EN for 4 days, early PN is strongly associated with higher mortality but not with differences in PLOS or DMV.
Identification and determination of chemical constituents of Citrus reticulata semen through ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng GuoDong , Yang XiuJuan , Chen BaiZhong , Chao YingXin , Hu PingJun , Cai Yi , Wu Bo , Wei MinYan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCitrus reticulata semen, a traditional Chinese medicinal material, has desirable medicinal and dietary properties. In this study, a method combining ultra high performance liquid chromatography with Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry was established and validated for the identification and analysis of the chemical components of C. reticulata semen for the first time. The evaluation of different retention times and fragmentation characteristics, as well as comparative analysis with the literature, resulted in the identification of 35 chemical constituents, including 21 flavonoids and 14 other compounds. The 21 flavonoids derived from C. reticulata semen were reported for the first time. Seven of the chemical components of C. reticulata semen were quantitatively analyzed using the developed method under the optimal conditions. The results showed that the content of limonin, hesperidin, nobiletin, synephrine, tangeretin, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′‐heptamethoxyflavone and 5‐hydroxide‐6,7,8,3′,4′‐pentamethoxyflavone in C. reticulata semen was 11.1666, 0.0404, 0.0092, 0.0255, 0.0087, 0.0010, and 0.0008 mg/g, respectively. This study demonstrated that the ultra high performance liquid chromatography Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry based method can be used to rapidly and reliably analyze the chemical constituents of C. reticulata semen. These results provide a scientific basis for further studies of C. reticulata semen.
Microfluidic chip electrophoresis for biochemical analysis
Authors: Ou Xiaowen , Chen Peng , Huang Xizhi , Li Shunji , Liu Bi‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicrofluidic chip electrophoresis has been widely employed for separation of various biochemical species owing to its advantages of low sample consumption, low cost, fast analysis, high throughput, and integration capability. In this article, we reviewed the development of four different modes of microfluidics‐based electrophoresis technologies including capillary electrophoresis, gel electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, and field (electric) flow fractionation. Coupling detection schemes on microfluidic electrophoresis platform were also reviewed such as optical, electrochemical, and mass spectrometry method. We further discussed the innovative applications of microfluidic electrophoresis for biomacromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins), biochemical small molecules (amino acids, metabolites, ions, etc.), and bioparticles (cells and pathogens) analysis. The future direction of microfluidic chip electrophoresis was predicted.
Primary Laryngectomy Versus Salvage Laryngectomy: A Comparison of Outcomes in the Chemoradiation Era
Authors: Sullivan Christopher Blake , Ostedgaard Katharine L. , Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Pagedar Nitin A. , Sperry Steven M. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo compare primary total laryngectomy (TL) versus salvage TL and analyze the functional outcomes, complications, recurrence rates, and survival.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsFifteen‐year retrospective analysis of 208 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated by TL was completed. Outcome measures included survival, swallowing rehabilitation, speech rehabilitation, complications, and assessment of comorbidity. Survival estimates were analyzed with Kaplan‐Meier method, and regression analysis utilized the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAlaryngeal speech was not significantly different between primary TL and salvage TL, 68% versus 82% (P = 0.14). Comparing primary and salvage TL, the perioperative complication rate was 33% versus 48% (P = 0.036). Thirty‐six percent of primary TL patients had recurrence compared to 26% of salvage patients. Five‐year overall survival rates between primary TL and salvage TL were not significantly different (P = 0.68). Comorbidity was an independent predictor of survival.ConclusionsDevelopment of a functional voice was not significantly different between salvage and primary TL patients, with a majority achieving alaryngeal speech. Perioperative complications were more prevalent in the salvage TL group. Recurrence and survival are significantly associated with comorbidity status.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2179–2185, 2020
The prevalence of cognitive impairment in laryngology treatment–seeking patients
Authors: Leclerc Andrée‐Anne , Gillespie Amanda I. , Tadic Stasa D. , Smith Libby J. , Rosen Clark A. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe incidence of cognitive impairment (CI) in the elderly general population is 10% to 20%. The incidence of CI in the elderly laryngology treatment–seeking population is unknown, and CI may impact decision making for elective medical/surgical treatment and negatively impact the outcome of voice/swallowing therapy. We sought to determine the prevalence of CI in elderly patients who are seeking laryngology care and to evaluate the feasibility of administering a cognitive screening instrument.Study DesignProspective, Cross‐sectional.MethodsOne hundred fifty patients (≥65 years old) without a previous diagnosis of CI, seeking laryngology evaluation, were administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test by a trained physician. Other members of the clinical team were blinded to the MoCA results.ResultsTwenty‐five percent of participants obtained a score diagnostic for at least mild CI. The results showed a correlation between the MoCA scores and 1) the time needed to complete the test, 2) participant age, and 3) participant education level. No differences were observed between gender, alcohol consumption, or use of medications that can affect cognition and MoCA score.ConclusionOne in four elderly laryngology treatment‐seeking patients were found to have undiagnosed CI. This finding warrants consideration for CI screening for these patients being evaluated for voice therapy and elective surgery. Treatment decision making in this population may benefit from additional family involvement.Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 130: 2003–2007, 2020
HSD10 mitochondrial disease: p.Leu122Val variant, mild clinical phenotype, and founder effect in French‐Canadian patients from Quebec
Authors: Waters Paula J. , Lace Baiba , Buhas Daniela , Gravel Serge , Cyr Denis , Boucher Renée‐Myriam , Bernard Geneviève , Lévesque Sébastien , Maranda Bruno 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHSD10 mitochondrial disease (HSD10MD), originally described as a deficiency of 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MHBD), is a rare X‐linked disorder of a moonlighting protein encoded by the HSD17B10. The diagnosis is usually first suspected on finding elevated isoleucine degradation metabolites in urine, reflecting decreased MHBD activity. However, it is now known that clinical disease pathogenesis reflects other independent functions of the HSD10 protein; particularly its essential role in mitochondrial transcript processing and tRNA maturation. The classical phenotype of HSD10MD in affected males is an infantile‐onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with severe mitochondrial dysfunction.Patients, Methods, and ResultsIn four unrelated families, we identified index patients with MHBD deficiency, which implied a diagnosis of HSD10MD. Each index patient was independently investigated because of neurological or developmental concerns. All had persistent elevations of urinary 2‐methyl‐3‐hydroxybutyric acid and tiglylglycine. Analysis of HSD17B10 identified a single missense variant, c.364C>G, p.Leu122Val, in each case. This rare variant (1/183336 alleles in gnomAD) was previously reported in one Dutch patient and was described as pathogenic. The geographic origins of our families and results of haplotype analysis together provide evidence of a founder effect for this variant in Quebec. Notably, we identified an asymptomatic hemizygous adult male in one family, while a second independent genetic disorder contributed substantially to the clinical phenotypes observed in probands from two other families.ConclusionThe phenotype associated with p.Leu122Val in HSD17B10 currently appears to be attenuated and nonprogressive. This report widens the spectrum of phenotypic severity of HSD10MD and contributes to genotype–phenotype correlation. At present, we consider p.Leu122Val a “variant of uncertain significance.” Nonetheless, careful follow‐up of our patients remains advisable, to assess long‐term clinical course and ensure appropriate management. It will also be important to identify other potential patients in our population and to characterize their phenotype.
Unconditionally maximum principle preserving finite element schemes for the surface Allen–Cahn type equations
Authors: Xiao Xufeng , He Ruijian , Feng Xinlong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present two types of unconditionally maximum principle preserving finite element schemes to the standard and conservative surface Allen–Cahn equations. The surface finite element method is applied to the spatial discretization. For the temporal discretization of the standard Allen–Cahn equation, the stabilized semi‐implicit and the convex splitting schemes are modified as lumped mass forms which enable schemes to preserve the discrete maximum principle. Based on the above schemes, an operator splitting approach is utilized to solve the conservative Allen–Cahn equation. The proofs of the unconditionally discrete maximum principle preservations of the proposed schemes are provided both for semi‐ (in time) and fully discrete cases. Numerical examples including simulations of the phase separations and mean curvature flows on various surfaces are presented to illustrate the validity of the proposed schemes.
Oral stress and paleodiet changes among hunter‐gatherers from Negro River (northern Patagonia, Argentina) during the late Holocene
Authors: Flensborg Gustavo , Serna Alejandro , Prates Luciano 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe objective of this work is to evaluate temporal variation of dento‐alveolar lesions in hunter‐gatherer groups who inhabited the middle course of the Negro River during the late Holocene (ca. 3000‐750 years BP) in order to discuss cultural practices and changes in the paleodiet. Caries, dental calculus, periodontal disease, periapical lesions, antemortem tooth loss, tooth wear, dislocation, and osteoarthrosic lesions in the temporomandibular joint were analysed. The sample is represented by 567 teeth and 547 alveoli, corresponding to 32 adult and subadult individuals, who were divided into two periods for comparative purposes: pre‐1000 and post‐1000 BP. The results indicate a low prevalence of oral lesions without differences between sex and age. In the pre‐1000 BP period, there is a larger frequency of antemortem tooth loss, parafunctional wear of the anterior teeth, dental dislocations, and osteoarthrosis in the mandibular condyles compared with the post‐1000 period. This tendency indicates that the individuals would have been exposed to greater stress in chewing. However, the variations were not significant, so there is no clear evidence of changes in the diet and particularly in carbohydrate and plant intake through the late Holocene. Severe tooth wear is the main factor that caused some pathologies (e.g., antemortem tooth loss), and limited the development of others (e.g., caries). The results obtained here agree with other microregions from northeastern Patagonia and differ from Humid Pampas, eastern Pampa‐Patagonian transition, and lower course of the Negro River due to differences in carbohydrate consumption in the last ca. 1000 years BP.
A Brief Neuropsychological Battery for Measuring Cognitive Functions Associated with Obesity
Authors: Hovens Iris B. , Dalenberg Jelle R. , Small Dana M. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveAlthough ample evidence links obesity to cognitive dysfunction, the trajectory of cognitive change, the underlying mechanisms, and the involvement of related factors, such as metabolic disease and diet, remain unclear. To support further investigations of BMI and cognition, this study aimed to create a concise test battery to be used in future trials.MethodsTwenty neurocognitive measures were regressed on BMI in the Human Connectome Project Healthy Young Adult S1200 data release by using linear mixed models and by adjusting for major confounders. Measures were then identified by using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis to select tests most strongly associated with BMI. To guide further test selection, the explained variance for each variable was visualized in the final model.ResultsBMI was negatively associated with seven neurocognitive measures. Variable selection yielded a model that included years of education and, in order of model weight, delay discounting, the relational task, the Penn Progressive Matrices test, the oral reading recognition test, the Variable Short Penn Line Orientation test, and the Penn Word Memory test.ConclusionsThis research resulted in an approximate 40‐minute test battery for the BMI‐cognition relationship in young adults that can be used in trials investigating the interrelationship between obesity and cognitive performance.
Iron deficiency in children at the time of initial neuroblastoma diagnosis
Authors: Fan Hongjun , Su Yan , Duan Chao , Zhao Qian , Wang Xisi , Zhu Shuai , Zhao Wen , Jin Mei , Ma Xiaoli 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTImportanceThere is a high incidence of iron deficiency in children worldwide. Notably, however, while iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia, little is known about the prevalence and different types of iron deficiency in neuroblastoma patients.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency in patients newly diagnosed with neuroblastoma.MethodsA total of 195 newly diagnosed neuroblastoma patients from November 2015 to January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival analysis was estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsOf the 195 neuroblastoma patients included in the study, 121 (62.1%) had iron deficiency, 55 (28.2%) had absolute iron deficiency, and 66 (33.9%) had functional iron deficiency. Being aged ≥ 18 months, tumor originating in the abdomen, International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System M, high‐risk neuroblastoma, lactate dehydrogenase ≥ 1500 U/L, neuron‐specific enolase ≥ 100 U/L, unfavorable histologic category, MYCN amplification, chromosome 1p loss, and bone marrow metastasis were associated with significantly higher rates of functional iron deficiency (P < 0.05).InterpretationFunctional iron deficiency at the time of initial neuroblastoma diagnosis predicted lower event‐free survival. Long‐term effects of iron supplementation in neuroblastoma patients with different types of iron deficiency need to be further studied.
Design of a novel co‐electrospinning system with flat spinneret for producing helical nanofibers
Authors: Zhao Tienan , Zheng Yuansheng , Zeng Yongchun 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTA kind of biomimetic fibers of helical structures at nanoscale has attracted increasing interest. In this study, a novel co‐electrospinning setup with a designed flat spinneret, used for the fabrication of helical nanofibers, is reported in this study. Poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (Nomex) and Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are chosen as the two components in co‐electrospinning. To display the efficiency for producing helical fibers, a generally used core–shell needle spinneret is used for comparison. The effect of the uniformity of electric field distribution created by these two types of spinnerets on the jet motion and the resultant helical fibers is developed, with systematical simulation and experimental research. The results showed that the co‐electrospinning system with the newly designed flat spinneret can produce helical nanofibers efficiently. Compared with the needle spinneret, the flat spinneret created more uniform electric field, leading to better morphology and structure of the resultant helical fibers. In addition, an approach to achieve the scale‐up of this co‐electrospinning system is developed. This novel design is expected to provide a promising method to fabricate nanofiber materials with helical structures. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1496–1505
Competition Between Interfacial Interaction and Microphase Separation in Crystallization of Filled Block Copolymers
Authors: Liu Rongjuan , Zhou Zhiping , Liu Yong , Liang Zhaopeng , Ming Yongqiang , Nie Yijing , Hao Tongfan 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the effect of repulsive interaction between blocks on crystallization in block copolymers is beneficial for the design and development of sophisticated nanostructures. Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations were performed to reveal the crystallization mechanism of block copolymers containing one‐dimensional nanofiller under different repulsive interaction strengths between crystallizable and noncrystallizable blocks. During crystallization, crystalline morphology is determined by the competition between segmental orientation perpendicular to microphase interfaces dominated by microphase separation and that along the direction of the long axis of the nanofiller controlled by interfacial interaction. As the repulsive interaction between different blocks is strengthened, the competition between microphase separation and interfacial interaction is intensified, eventually leading to an increase in crystallization rate and a degradation in crystalline morphology. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2019,57, 1516–1526
Stigma and its correlates in people living with lung cancer: A cross‐sectional study from China
Authors: Liu Xiao Hang , Zhong Jiu Di , Zhang Jun E. , Cheng Yu , Bu Xiu Qing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the level of stigma and identify the correlates of stigma among lung cancer patients in China.MethodsIn total, 283 lung cancer patients were recruited from a tertiary cancer center in China by the convenience sampling method and completed a demographic, disease‐related information and situational characteristics questionnaire and self‐reported measures assessing stigma, state self‐esteem, and coping self‐efficacy.ResultsThe mean stigma score was moderate (2.38 ± 0.45). Stigma was significantly and negatively associated with state self‐esteem (r = –0.607, P < .001) and coping self‐efficacy (r = –0.424, P < .001). Multivariable linear regression showed that age, cancer stage, negative changes (ie, in financial burden, body image, and family relationship), cancer disclosure, perceived blame, state self‐esteem, and coping self‐efficacy accounted for 49.9% of the variance in stigma.ConclusionsStigma is a widespread psychosocial phenomenon among patients with lung cancer in China. Health care policy‐makers and professionals should pay more attention to this issue and take effective measures to address stigma among lung cancer patients by improving their state self‐esteem and coping self‐efficacy, encouraging cancer disclosure and providing support for adjusting to negative changes after diagnosis.
Sexual function, menopausal symptoms, depression and cancer worry in women with BRCA mutations
Authors: Powell C. Bethan , Alabaster Amy , Le Amy , Stoller Nicole , Armstrong Mary Anne , Raine‐Bennett Tina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesAssess sexual function, menopausal symptoms, and depression in women with BRCA mutations associated with oophorectomy and menopause status.MethodsWomen age 40 and older with BRCA mutations completed a questionnaire with validated measures of sexual activity, menopausal symptoms, depression, and cancer worry. These measures were compared between those with intact ovaries and those who had undergone pre‐ or post‐menopausal risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO).ResultsOf the 244 women, 21 had intact ovaries and 223 had undergone RRSO. Women with intact ovaries had less menopausal symptoms (Menopausal Symptom Checklist (MSCL) score 14 versus 23, P = .01) but more cancer worry than women who had undergone RRSO (median Cancer Worry Scale (CWS) score 5 versus 4, P < .0001) with no significant difference in sexual activity or function. Compared with women with postmenopausal RRSO, women with premenopausal RRSO were more likely to be sexually active (56.3% versus 42.0%, P =.04) but had similar sexual functioning, including frequency, pleasure and discomfort. Women with premenopausal RRSO were also more likely to report menopausal symptoms (MSCL score 26 versus 19, P = .04) and depression (PHQ‐8 score 4 versus 2, P < .001). Factors associated with sexual activity included younger age, lower BMI, living with a partner, and lower depression scores. Higher current depression score was associated with history of depression and more menopausal symptoms.ConclusionsRisk‐reducing surgery decreases cancer risk and worry in women with BRCA mutations. Among women undergoing oophorectomy, factors such as age and history of depression were related to reduced sexual activity and increased depression, but menopausal status was not related.