bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highlights on the Management of Oligometastatic Disease
Authors: Alshehri Salem M. , Alkattan Khaled , Abdelwarith Ahmed , Alhussain Hussain , Shaker Shaker , Alghamdi Majed , Alassaf Hossam , Albargawi Ali , Naimi Manal Al , Alomair Ameen , Althaqfi Saif , Alhebshi Adnan , Alothman Majid , Jazieh AbdulRahman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurpose: The understanding of oligometastatic disease (OMD) is rapidly evolving and with this comes the ability to utilize a number of modalities that excel in the localized control of disease. It has been identified that there are no clear guidelines based on high-level evidence to standardized approaches toward the management of OMD. These highlights have been developed to provide a road map for all health-care professionals who are involved in the management of OMD to support standardized patient care. Methods: The Saudi Lung Cancer Guidelines Committee is a part of the Saudi Lung Cancer Association which, in turn, is part of the Saudi Thoracic Society. Considering that lung cancer constitutes a major proportion of OMD prevalence, the committee took the initiative to develop national highlights to support the management of OMD within Saudi Arabia. The committee members are national clinical leaders who collaborated with international expertise to establish these highlights to serve as a general clinical pathway in the management of OMD. Results: Standardization of the indications to diagnose oligometastases and patient selection criteria including ineligibility criteria for treatment are the basis of the highlights. Treatment approaches including surgical and the variety of radiotherapeutical options are discussed in relation to specific oligometastatic sites. Acceptable measurements for response to treatment and the future for the treatment of OMD conclude the development of the highlights. Conclusion: These are the first national highlights addressing this important disease in oncology. The implementation of these highlights as guidelines requires a robust multidisciplinary team and access to specific technology and expertise. These highlights are based on the most recent findings within the literature but will require repeated review and updating due to this rapidly evolving field in disease management.
Visual acuity assessment and the knowledge of road safety rules among commercial motorcyclist in Ekpoma town, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Alenoghena Innocent O. , Awunor N.S. , Ovienra W.A. 
Published: February 2020

Introduction:
Motorcycle injuries, particularly from low income countries like Africa and Asia contribute significantly to road traffic injuries globally, according to recent estimates by the World Health Organization.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of visual acuity disorders, knowledge of road safety rules and one-year prevalence of road crashes in male commercial motorcyclists. Methodology: Male commercial motorcyclists numbering 191 were selected from the motorcycles’ parks in Ekpoma, using a multi-staged random sampling technique. Structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20.

Results:
A vast majority 189 (99.0%) of respondents had good visual acuity (with visual acuity of between 6/5 and 6/18), Just one percent of the respondents had poor visual acuity (between 6/24 to 6/60). Most respondents 122 (63%) had a good knowledge of road safety rules while 42.9% had been involved in at least a road traffic crash within a year prior to the survey. Knowledge of road safety rules showed a statistically significant association with the educational status of the respondents (P<0.001), but had no association with other socio demographic variables like age (P=0.184), marital status (P=0.298) and religion (P=0.511) in respondents.

Conclusion:
Majority of the male motorcyclist had visual acuity within the normal range, knowledge of road safety rules was good among respondents with the level of education identified as a significant predictor of knowledge Inclusion of at least primary school educational qualification as criteria for all motorcyclists and a proper medical examination of prospective motorcyclists before issuance of driver licenses.
A note on observational equivalence of micro assumptions on macro level
Authors: Ponomarenko Alexey A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The author set up a simplistic agent-based model where agents learn with reinforcement observing an incomplete set of variables. The model is employed to generate an artificial dataset that is used to estimate standard macro econometric models. The author shows that the results are qualitatively indistinguishable (in terms of the signs and significances of the coefficients and impulse-responses) from the results obtained with a dataset that emerges in a genuinely rational system.
Equatorial plasma bubbles developing around sunrise observed by an all-sky imager and global navigation satellite system network during storm time
Authors: Wu Kun , Xu Jiyao , Yue Xinan , Xiong Chao , Wang Wenbin , Yuan Wei , Wang Chi , Zhu Yajun , Luo Ji 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. A large number of studies have shown that equatorial plasma
bubbles (EPBs) occur mainly after sunset, and they usually drift eastward.
However, in this paper, an unusual EPB event was simultaneously observed by
an all-sky imager and the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network
in southern China, during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm that happened
on 6–8 November 2015. Observations from both techniques show that the EPBs
appeared near dawn. Interestingly, the observational results show that the
EPBs continued to develop after sunrise, and they disappeared about 1 h
after sunrise. The development stage of EPBs lasted for at least about 3 h. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the evolution of EPBs
developing around sunrise was observed by an all-sky imager and the GNSS
network. Our observation showed that the EPBs drifted westward, which was
different from the usual eastward drifts of post-sunset EPBs. The
simulation from the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) suggest that the westward drift of EPBs should
be related to the enhanced westward winds at storm time. Besides this,
bifurcation and merging processes of EPBs were observed by the all-sky
imager in the event. Associated with the development of EPBs, an increase in
the peak height of the ionospheric F region was also observed near sunrise, and we
suggest the enhanced upward vertical plasma drift during the geomagnetic storm
plays a major role in triggering the EPBs near sunrise.
Dissolved organic carbon mobilized from organic horizons of mature and harvested black spruce plots in a mesic boreal region
Authors: Bowering Keri L. , Edwards Kate A. , Prestegaard Karen , Zhu Xinbiao , Ziegler Susan E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Boreal forests are subject to a wide range of temporally and
spatially variable environmental conditions driven by season, climate, and
disturbances such as forest harvesting and climate change. We captured
dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from surface organic (O) horizons in a boreal
forest hillslope using passive pan lysimeters in order to identify controls
and hot moments of DOC mobilization from this key C source. We specifically
addressed (1) how DOC fluxes from O horizons vary on a weekly to seasonal
basis in forest and paired harvested plots and (2) how soil temperature,
soil moisture, and water input relate to DOC flux trends in these plots over
time. The total annual DOC flux from O horizons contain contributions from
both vertical and lateral flow and was 30 % greater in the harvested plots
than in the forest plots (54 g C m−2 vs. 38 g C m−2, respectively;
p=0.008). This was despite smaller aboveground C inputs and smaller soil organic carbon stocks in the harvested plots but analogous to larger annual O horizon
water fluxes measured in the harvested plots. Water input, measured as rain, throughfall, and/or snowmelt depending on season and plot type, was
positively correlated to variations in O horizon water fluxes and DOC fluxes
within the study year. Soil temperature was positively correlated to
temporal variations of DOC concentration ([DOC]) of soil water and
negatively correlated with water fluxes, but no relationship existed between
soil temperature and DOC fluxes at the weekly to monthly scale. The relationship between water input to soil and DOC fluxes was seasonally
dependent in both plot types. In summer, a water limitation on DOC flux
existed where weekly periods of no flux alternated with periods of large
fluxes at high DOC concentrations. This suggests that DOC fluxes were water-limited and that increased water fluxes over this period result in
proportional increases in DOC fluxes. In contrast, a flushing of DOC from O
horizons (observed as decreasing DOC concentrations) occurred during
increasing water input and decreasing soil temperature in autumn, prior to
snowpack development. Soils of both plot types remained snow-covered all
winter, which protected soils from frost and limited percolation. The
largest water input and soil water fluxes occurred during spring snowmelt
but did not result in the largest fluxes of DOC, suggesting a production
limitation on DOC fluxes over both the wet autumn and snowmelt periods.
While future increases in annual precipitation could lead to increased DOC
fluxes, the magnitude of this response will be dependent on the type and
intra-annual distribution of this increased precipitation.
Toxoplasma gondii AND OTHER PARASITES STUDIED IN FELINE FECES IN ZOOS IN CUBA AND BRAZIL
Authors: Villar Echarte Ginette , Da Silva Barbosa Alynne , Lima Pinheiro Jessica , Manuel Rodriguez Segon Alejandro , Mendes Augusto Anderson , Galindo Chenard Marina , Regina Reis Amendoeira Maria 
Published: February 2020

Under certain circumstances, wild animals kept in zoos may be more exposed to infectious parasitic diseases. The puprpose of this study was to determine the frequency of gastrointestinal parasites in captive wild felids in the National Zoological Park (PZN) in Cuba (Havana) and in RioZoo in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). A total of 52 fecal samples were collected from 52 felids, as follows: 19 Panthera leo, two Leopardus tigrinus, two Leopardus pardalis, one Panthera tigris altaica, four Panthera tigris tigris, six Panthera onca, seven Puma concolor, one Herpailurus yagouaroundi, three Acinonyx jubatus, two Caracal caracal and five Panthera pardus. The fecal samples were processed and examined microscopically. The frequency of parasite positive animals was 17.5% (7/40) in PZN and 25% (3/12) in RioZoo. Panthera pardus (40%) and Panthera onca (20%) were most frequently infected in PZN and Panthera leo (100%) and Leopardus pardalis (50%) in RioZoo. Hookworm (12.5%) was detected in PZN as well as Toxascaris leonina (10%) and in RioZoo nematode larvae (9.1%) , hookworm eggs (9.1%), Toxascaris leonina (2%) and the cestode eggs from the Diphyllobothriidae family (9.1%) were found. Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts were not detected in feline feces. Although the positivity of gastrointestinal parasites detected in feline fecal samples was not very high in these zoos, both institutions need to implement and maintain sanitary measures, including routine diagnosis of parasitosis followed by specific treatment according to the infections detected.KEY WORDS: Captive wild felids; gastrointestinal parasites; National Zoo Park of Cuba; Rio de Janeiro Zoo; Brazil.
El control administrativo en el manejo ecoeficiente del agua y la energía: estudio una institución de educación superior
Authors: Aguilar Ibarra Alberto Felix , Tovar Torres de Aguilar Maria Clarisa 
Published: February 2020

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el control administrativo y la ecoeficiencia del agua y de la energía eléctrica en la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Perú en 2018. La metodología utilizada fue de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra fue 274 personas escogidas al azar entre docentes, personal de administración y estudiantes. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado por cada variable de estudio, con escalas de valoración para medir sus relaciones. Los datos se procesaron con el programa SPSS 24, con el que se demostró que los mismos no presentaron distribución normal y fueron analizados mediante prueba no paramétrica R de Spearman. Se obtuvo que existe correlación muy fuerte entre las variables de estudio (r > 0.5), y significativa (Sig. < 0.05). Así mismo, se observó correlación muy fuerte y significativa entre las variables ecoeficiencia del agua y energía eléctrica, lo que demostró colinealidad. Se recomienda promover actividades en pro de la ecoeficiencia del uso de los recursos agua y electricidad a fin que sea la misma comunidad quien contribuya al uso adecuado de los recursos con el menor impacto ambiental.
Male circumcision and prostate cancer: A geographical analysis, meta-analysis, and cost analysis
Authors: Van Howe Robert Storms 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Attempts to find an association between male circumcision and prostate cancer risk have produced inconsistent results.
Methods: Age-standardized prostate cancer incidence, life-expectancy, geographical region, and circumcision prevalence from 188 countries were compared using linear regression analysis. Following a systematic literature review, a meta-analysis was performed on studies meeting inclusion criteria with evaluations of between-study heterogeneity and publication bias. A cost analysis (discounted at 3% and 5% per annum) was performed using the meta-analysis’s summary effect and upper confidence interval (CI).
Results: Univariate analysis revealed a trend for a positive association between country-level age-standardized prostate cancer incidence (per 100 000 person-years) and circumcision prevalence (β=0.0887; 95% CI -0.0560, +0.233) while multivariate analysis found a significant positive association (β=0.215; 95% CI 0.114, 0.316). Twelve studies were included in meta-analysis. The random-effects summary odds ratio was 1.09 (95% CI 0.95, 1.23; between-study heterogeneity
A 12-month feasibility study to investigate the effectiveness of cryogen-cooled monopolar radiofrequency treatment for female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Allan Bruce B. , Bell Stacie , Husarek Kathryn 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this early feasibility study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a non-ablative, cryogen-cooled, monopolar radiofrequency (CMRF) treatment for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
Methods: Subjects meeting all the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled and randomized into two groups. Subjects in Group 1 received one CMRF treatment and subjects in Group 2 received two CMRF treatments six weeks apart. Followup visits were performed at one, four, six, and 12 months post-treatment. At each study visit, subjects performed an objective, standardized one-hour pad weight test and completed several patient-reported outcome measures, a seven-day bladder voiding diary, and safety assessments.
Results: Data indicate an improvement in SUI symptoms and quality of life for subjects, as determined by validated SUI-related patient-reported outcomes and the objective one-hour pad weight test, with a >50% reduction in pad weight from baseline for 52% of the subjects at 12 months. In addition to efficacy, the CMRF treatment was well-tolerated and safe.
Conclusions: The outcome measures evaluated indicate an improvement in SUI symptoms and quality of life. The sustained benefit of the CMRF vaginal treatment at 12 months suggests potential use as an office-based, non-surgical approach to treat mild to moderate SUI.
Carbapenem Resistance: Mechanisms and Drivers of Global Menace
Authors: Aslam Bilal , Rasool Maria , Muzammil Saima , Baker Siddique Abu , Nawaz Zeeshan , Shafique Muhammad , Asif Zahoor Muhammad , Binyamin Rana , Waseem Muhammad , Khurshid Mohsin , Arshad Muhammad Imran , Aamir Aslam Muhammad , Shahzad Naveed , Hidayat Rasool Muhammad , Baloch Zulqarnain 
Published: February 2020

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacterial pathogens is a significant and mounting health concern across the globe. At present, carbapenem resistance (CR) is considered as one of the most concerning resistance mechanisms and mainly found in gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Although carbapenem resistance has been recognized in Enterobacteriaceae from last 20 years or so, recently it emerged as a global health issue as CR clonal dissemination of various Enterobacteriaceae members especially E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are reported from across the globe at an alarming rate. Phenotypically, carbapenems resistance is in due to the two key mechanisms, like structural mutation coupled with β-lactamase production and the ability of the pathogen to produce carbapenemases which ultimately hydrolyze the carbapenem. Additionally, penicillin-binding protein modification and efflux pumps are also responsible for the development of carbapenem resistance. Carbapenemases are classified into different classes which include Ambler classes A, B, and D. Several mobile genetic elements (MGEs) have their potential role in carbapenem resistance like Tn4401, Class I integrons, IncFIIK2, IncF1A, and IncI2. Taking together, resistance against carbapenems is continuously evolving and posing a significant health threat to the community. Variable mechanisms that are associated with carbapenem resistance, different MGEs, and supplementary mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in association with virulence factors are expanding day by day. Timely demonstration of this global health concern by using molecular tools, epidemiological investigations, and screening may permit the suitable measures to control this public health menace.
Vinpocetine and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: M. Al-kuraishy Hayder , I. Al-Gareeb Ali 
Published: February 2020

Vinpocetine (VPN) is a synthetic ethyl-ester derivative of the alkaloid apovincamine from Vinca minor leaves. VPN is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 1 (PDE1) has potential neurological effects through inhibition of voltage gated sodium channel and reduction of neuronal calcium influx. VPN have noteworthy antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects with inhibitory effect on glial and astrocyte cells during and following ischemic stroke (IS). VPN is effective as an adjuvant therapy in the management of epilepsy; it reduces seizure frequency by 50% in a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. VPN improves psychomotor performances through modulation of brain monoamine pathway mainly on dopamine and serotonin, which play an integral role in attenuation of depressive symptoms. VPN recover cognitive functions and spatial memory through inhibition of hippocampal and cortical PDE-1with augmentation of cAMP/cGMP ratio, enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission and inhibition of neuronal inflammatory mediators. Therefore, VPN is an effective agent in the management of ischemic stroke and plays an integral role in the prevention and attenuation of post-stroke epilepsy, depression and cognitive deficit through direct cAMP/cGMP-dependent pathway or indirectly through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.
Expressions ordinaires et politiques du racisme anti-autochtone au Québec
Authors: Capitaine Brieg 
Published: February 2020

Contrairement aux approches systémiques du racisme, cet article s’intéresse aux acteurs racistes et aux différentes logiques qui structurent leurs pratiques et leurs discours. Il cherche à comprendre la manière dont s’articulent le racisme différentialiste, le racisme d’infériorisation et le racisme universaliste. L’enquête ethnographique menée à Sept-Îles au Québec entre 2005 et 2009 met en évidence les pratiques et les discours racistes en se concentrant principalement sur deux situations conflictuelles : l’entrée des Innus dans le secteur des pêches commerciales et les revendications territoriales pour la restitution du Nitassinan. L’analyse de ces situations de nature économique et politique permet de discerner les multiples articulations des logiques du racisme et leurs variations en fonction des acteurs, de leurs positions et des rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec les Innus. Le racisme anti-autochtone apparaît traversé par un ensemble de tensions et d’oppositions qui en font un phénomène non pas unifié, mais plutôt éclaté.
Postharvest biochemical characteristics and ultrastructure ofCoprinus comatus
Authors: Peng Yi , Li Tongling , Jiang Huaming , Gu Yunfu , Chen Qiang , Yang Cairong , Qi Wei liang , Liu Song-qing , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundCoprinus comatusis a novel cultivated edible fungus, hailed as a new preeminent breed of mushroom. However,C. comatusis difficult to keep fresh at room temperature after harvest due to high respiration, browning, self-dissolve and lack of physical protection.MethodsIn order to extend the shelf life ofC. comatusand reduce its loss in storage, changes in quality, biochemical content, cell wall metabolism and ultrastructure ofC. comatus(C.c77) under 4 °C and 90% RH storage regimes were investigated in this study.ResultsThe results showed that: (1) After 10 days of storage, mushrooms appeared acutely browning, cap opening and flowing black juice, rendering the mushrooms commercially unacceptable. (2) The activity of SOD, CAT, POD gradually increased, peaked at the day 10, up to 31.62 U g−1 FW, 16.51 U g−1 FW, 0.33 U g−1FW, respectively. High SOD, CAT, POD activity could be beneficial in protecting cells from ROS-induced injuries, alleviating lipid peroxidation and stabilizing membrane integrity. (3) The activities of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase were significantly increased. Higher degrees of cell wall degradation observed during storage might be due to those enzymes’ high activities. (4) The freshC. comatushad dense tissue and every single cell had the number of intracellular organelles which structure can be observed clearly. After 10 d storage, the number of intracellular organelles was declined and the structure was fuzzy, the nucleus disappeared. After 20 d storage,C. comatus’s organization was completely lost, many cells were stacked together and the cell wall was badly damaged.