bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving robotic surgery training and improving patient safety, with the integration of novel technologies
Authors: Chen I-Hsuan Alan , Ghazi Ahmed , Sridhar Ashwin , Stoyanov Danail , Slack Mark , Kelly John D. , Collins Justin W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionRobot-assisted surgery is becoming increasingly adopted by multiple surgical specialties. There is evidence of inherent risks of utilising new technologies that are unfamiliar early in the learning curve. The development of standardised and validated training programmes is crucial to deliver safe introduction. In this review, we aim to evaluate the current evidence and opportunities to integrate novel technologies into modern digitalised robotic training curricula.MethodsA systematic literature review of the current evidence for novel technologies in surgical training was conducted online and relevant publications and information were identified. Evaluation was made on how these technologies could further enable digitalisation of training.ResultsOverall, the quality of available studies was found to be low with current available evidence consisting largely of expert opinion, consensus statements and small qualitative studies. The review identified that there are several novel technologies already being utilised in robotic surgery training. There is also a trend towards standardised validated robotic training curricula. Currently, the majority of the validated curricula do not incorporate novel technologies and training is delivered with more traditional methods that includes centralisation of training services with wet laboratories that have access to cadavers and dedicated training robots.ConclusionsImprovements to training standards and understanding performance data have good potential to significantly lower complications in patients. Digitalisation automates data collection and brings data together for analysis. Machine learning has potential to develop automated performance feedback for trainees. Digitalised training aims to build on the current gold standards and to further improve the ‘continuum of training’ by integrating PBP training, 3D-printed models, telementoring, telemetry and machine learning.
Ischemic Lesion Location Based on the ASPECT Score for Risk Assessment of Neurogenic Dysphagia
Authors: Lapa Sriramya , Foerch Christian , Singer Oliver C. , Hattingen Elke , Luger Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDysphagia is common in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarctions and associated with malnutrition, pneumonia, and mortality. Besides bedside screening tools, brain imaging findings may help to timely identify patients with swallowing disorders. We investigated whether the Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) allows for the correlation of distinct ischemic lesion patterns with dysphagia. We prospectively examined 113 consecutive patients with acute MCA infarctions. Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was performed within 24 h after admission for validation of dysphagia. Brain imaging (CT or MRI) was rated for ischemic changes according to the ASPECT score. 62 patients (54.9%) had FEES-proven dysphagia. In left hemispheric strokes, the strongest associations between the ASPECTS sectors and dysphagia were found for the lentiform nucleus (odds ratio 0.113 [CI 0.028–0.433; p = 0.001), the insula (0.275 [0.102–0.742]; p = 0.011), and the frontal operculum (0.280 [CI 0.094–0.834]; p = 0.022). A combination of two or even all three of these sectors together increased relative dysphagia frequency up to 100%. For right hemispheric strokes, only non-significant associations were found which were strongest for the insula region. The distribution of early ischemic changes in the MCA territory according to ASPECTS may be used as risk indicator of neurogenic dysphagia in MCA infarction, particularly when the left hemisphere is affected. However, due to the exploratory nature of this research, external validation studies of these findings are warranted in future.
Survival prediction of glioblastoma patients—are we there yet? A systematic review of prognostic modeling for glioblastoma and its clinical potential
Authors: Tewarie Ishaan Ashwini , Senders Joeky T. , Kremer Stijn , Devi Sharmila , Gormley William B. , Arnaout Omar , Smith Timothy R. , Broekman Marike L. D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma is associated with a poor prognosis. Even though survival statistics are well-described at the population level, it remains challenging to predict the prognosis of an individual patient despite the increasing number of prognostic models. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature on prognostic modeling in glioblastoma patients. A systematic literature search was performed to identify all relevant studies that developed a prognostic model for predicting overall survival in glioblastoma patients following the PRISMA guidelines. Participants, type of input, algorithm type, validation, and testing procedures were reviewed per prognostic model. Among 595 citations, 27 studies were included for qualitative review. The included studies developed and evaluated a total of 59 models, of which only seven were externally validated in a different patient cohort. The predictive performance among these studies varied widely according to the AUC (0.58–0.98), accuracy (0.69–0.98), and C-index (0.66–0.70). Three studies deployed their model as an online prediction tool, all of which were based on a statistical algorithm. The increasing performance of survival prediction models will aid personalized clinical decision-making in glioblastoma patients. The scientific realm is gravitating towards the use of machine learning models developed on high-dimensional data, often with promising results. However, none of these models has been implemented into clinical care. To facilitate the clinical implementation of high-performing survival prediction models, future efforts should focus on harmonizing data acquisition methods, improving model interpretability, and externally validating these models in multicentered, prospective fashion.
Waiting list mortality and the potential of donation after circulatory death heart transplantations in the Netherlands
Authors: Roest S. , Kaffka genaamd Dengler S. E. , van Suylen V. , van der Kaaij N. P. , Damman K. , van Laake L. W. , Bekkers J. A. , Dalinghaus M. , Erasmus M. E. , Manintveld O. C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
With more patients qualifying for heart transplantation (HT) and fewer hearts being transplanted, it is vital to look for other options. To date, only organs from brain-dead donors have been used for HT in the Netherlands. We investigated waiting list mortality in all Dutch HT centres and the potential of donation after circulatory death (DCD) HT in the Netherlands.

Methods
Two different cohorts were evaluated. One cohort was defined as patients who were newly listed or were already on the waiting list for HT between January 2013 and December 2017. Follow-up continued until September 2018 and waiting list mortality was calculated. A second cohort of all DCD donors in the Netherlands (lung, liver, kidney and pancreas) between January 2013 and December 2017 was used to calculate the potential of DCD HT.

Results
Out of 395 patients on the waiting list for HT, 196 (50%) received transplants after a median waiting time of 2.6 years. In total, 15% died while on the waiting list before a suitable donor heart became available. We identified 1006 DCD donors. After applying exclusion criteria and an age limit of 50 years, 122 potential heart donors remained. This number increased to 220 when the age limit was extended to 57 years.

Conclusion
Waiting list mortality in the Netherlands is high. HT using organs from DCD donors has great potential in the Netherlands and could lead to a reduction in waiting list mortality. Cardiac screening will eventually determine the true potential.
Perspectival pluralism for animal welfare
Authors: Veit Walter , Browning Heather 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnimal welfare has a long history of disregard. While in recent decades the study of animal welfare has become a scientific discipline of its own, the difficulty of measuring animal welfare can still be vastly underestimated. There are three primary theories, or perspectives, on animal welfare - biological functioning, natural living and affective state. These come with their own diverse methods of measurement, each providing a limited perspective on an aspect of welfare. This paper describes a perspectival pluralist account of animal welfare, in which all three theoretical perspectives and their multiple measures are necessary to understand this complex phenomenon and provide a full picture of animal welfare. This in turn will offer us a better understanding of perspectivism and pluralism itself.
A novel approach to solve the water saturation challenges in reservoirs under LoSal water injection
Authors: Oraby Moustafa , Khairy Mohamed , Moussa Marwan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnhancing hydrocarbon recovery is an ongoing practice in the petroleum industry. Multiple approaches are developed and proved their effectiveness in increasing reservoirs recovery. One of the recent approaches is the Low Salinity Water Injection which is known in the industry by “LoSal”. The determination of the optimum low salinity of the injected water and the mechanism behind its ability to enhance the hydrocarbon recovery are still the subjects of interest for many researchers and industry professionals. Despite the value of the LoSal water injection, it brings with it a considerable challenge to the future formation evaluation, namely the determination of the fluids’ saturation. The mixing of the low salinity injected water with the original high-salinity formation water creates variable water salinity across the reservoir. This is known in the industry by the “mixed-salinity” problem. The horizontal and the vertical heterogeneity of the permeability and porosity across the reservoir is the main factor that controls the “mixed-salinity” distribution in the injected volume. The challenge of calculating the fluids’ saturation exists for both the infill drilling wells and the monitoring wells. For the infill drilling wells, the saturation calculations require accurate formation water resistivity values, Rw, which became variable due to the mixed-salinity. For the monitoring wells, the fluids saturation calculations require accurate formation water sigma absorption, Σw, which also became variable for the same reason. The inability to determine the current Rw and Σw on foot-by-foot basis results in incorrect calculations of the water and hydrocarbon saturations. This creates an economic burden on the reservoir management. The existing methods to interpret the fluids saturation in mixed-salinity reservoirs face the challenges of accuracy, effect of borehole environment and high-data acquisitions cost. A forward modeling is developed to illustrate the problem and its impact on the reservoir decisions making process. A solution to the challenges is proposed, investigated, and proved both theoretically and in the laboratory. The proposed solution is based on lowering the LoSal water resistivity, prior to injection, to be equal to the original formation water resistivity without changing its low salinity. This is achieved by mixing the LoSal water with either acid or alkaline based on the reservoir condition. The acid or alkaline will reduce the resistivity of the LoSal water while keeping its low salinity unchanged. The determination of the required volume of the acid or the alkaline is calculated using the conductivity mixing law and the solution is tested on core plugs. The possible effects of the acid on the formation lithology, specially the clay content is discussed and proved to be negligible due to the very low acid volume required. This is also supported by previously published measurements.
On the Role of Dilute Solute Additions on Growth Restriction in Binary Copper Alloys
Authors: Balart M. J. , Gao F. , Patel J. B. , Miani F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effect of dilute solute additions on growth restriction in binary Cu alloys has been assessed at different degrees of superheat. Columnar grain length values from Northcott’s work (Northcott in J Inst Metals 62:101-136, 1938) for binary Cu alloys were plotted against the corresponding undercooling parameter (P), the reciprocal of the conventional (Qconv.) and true (Qtrue) growth restriction factor (Schmid-Fetzer and Kozlov in Acta Mater 59(15):6133-6144, 2011) values. It was found that there was no correlation between the columnar grain length values and P, 1/Qconv. and 1/Qtrue values for different solutes and cast at the same degree of superheat. Unlike P, Qconv., and Qtrue values, the heuristic growth restriction parameter (β) (Fan et al. in Acta Mater 152, 248-257, 2018) modeling framework in conjunction with the critical solute content (C*) for growth restriction fitted well to binary Cu alloys.
Extracting Natech Reports from Large Databases: Development of a Semi-Intelligent Natech Identification Framework
Authors: Luo Xiaolong , Cruz Ana Maria , Tzioutzios Dimitrios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNatural hazard-triggered technological accidents (Natechs) refer to accidents involving releases of hazardous materials (hazmat) triggered by natural hazards. Huge economic losses, as well as human health and environmental problems are caused by Natechs. In this regard, learning from previous Natechs is critical for risk management. However, due to data scarcity and high uncertainty concerning such hazards, it becomes a serious challenge for risk managers to detect Natechs from large databases, such as the National Response Center (NRC) database. As the largest database of hazmat release incidents, the NRC database receives hazmat release reports from citizens in the United States. However, callers often have incomplete details about the incidents they are reporting. This results in many records having incomplete information. Consequently, it is quite difficult to identify and extract Natechs accurately and efficiently. In this study, we introduce machine learning theory into the Natech retrieving research, and a Semi-Intelligent Natech Identification Framework (SINIF) is proposed in order to solve the problem. We tested the suitability of two supervised machine learning algorithms, namely the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and selected the former for the development of the SINIF. According to the results, the SINIF is efficient (a total number of 826,078 records were analyzed) and accurate (the accuracy is over 0.90), while 32,841 Natech reports between 1990 and 2017 were extracted from the NRC database. Furthermore, the majority of those Natech reports (97.85%) were related to meteorological phenomena, with hurricanes (24.41%), heavy rains (19.27%), and storms (18.29%) as the main causes of these reported Natechs. Overall, this study suggests that risk managers can benefit immensely from SINIF in analyzing Natech data from large databases efficiently.
The Value of Doubt: Humanities-Based Literacy in Management Education
Authors: Landfester Ulrike , Metelmann Jörg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur paper addresses the question of what exactly the contribution of the humanities to management education could or should be, suggesting the concept of Literacy as both this contribution’s goal and method. Though there seems to emerge a consensus in the debate about the future of management education that the humanities should be involved with shaping it, some misconceptions about the humanities obscure the understanding of the why and how of it, most notably as to the manner in which they are to provide for ethical values. Our paper in a first step endeavours to clear those misconceptions up drawing on some historical aspects of their development. It then proceeds to introducing the concept of Literacy and, based on it, the teaching framework of Critical Management Literacy (CML) we designed to operationalize the concept towards management students` needs. Our leading hypothesis is that the contribution of the humanities should focus on the cultivation of the capacity for epistemological doubt in order to prepare students for the complexity and indeterminacy of reality, thus at the same time laying the groundwork for ethical reflectivity.
Nicht-Diabetes-assoziierte Hypoglykämien
Authors: Treiber Gerlies 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Symptome einer Hypoglykämie sind häufig und unspezifisch. Echte Hypoglykämien sind selten und kommen meistens im Rahmen einer Insulintherapie vor. Die Diagnose einer Hypoglykämie bei Patienten ohne Diabetes erfordert das Vorliegen der Whipple-Trias mit dokumentierter Blutglukose ≤ 55 mg/dl, hypoglykämischen Symptomen und deren Verschwinden durch Zufuhr von Kohlenhydraten. Eine weitere Abklärung erfolgt mittels standardisiertem 72‑h Fastentest oder bei Patienten mit vorwiegend postprandialen Hypoglykämien einem 5‑h-Mahlzeitentoleranztest. Die parallele Messung von Plasmaglukose, Insulin, C‑Peptid, Proinsulin und Ketonen hilft in der Differenzierung zwischen Insulinom, faktitieller Gabe von Insulin und Sulfonylharnstoffen sowie Nesidioblastose (NIPHS) und Hypoglykämien nach bariatrischen Operationen. Die Messung von Insulin-Autoantikörpern ist hinweisend auf ein autoimmunes Insulinsyndrom und der Nachweis von „big“ IFG‑2 auf eine paraneoplastische Sekretion dieses Proteins bei Tumorerkrankungen. Erst wenn der Nachweis einer autonomen endogenen Hyperinsulinämie vorliegt, erfolgt die Lokalisationsdiagnostik. Dabei sind szintigrafische Untersuchungen mittels radioaktivem 68Gallium und Exendin‑4 und ein selektiver Kalzium-Stimulationstest in der Lokalisation von Insulinomen hilfreich. Therapeutisch ist eine Hypoglykämie akut durch Glukosegabe zu behandeln. Die langfristige Therapie besteht wenn möglich in der Beseitigung der auslösenden Ursache, Ernährungsmaßnahmen sowie medikamentöser Hemmung der Insulinsekretion.
Empirisch-analytische Friedens- und Konfliktforschung in Deutschland: Ein Kommentar zur Evaluation durch den Wissenschaftsrat
Authors: Ruhe Constantin , Leib Julia , Weidmann Nils B. , Bussmann Margit 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag reflektiert und ergänzt die aktuelle Diskussion über die Empfehlungen des Wissenschaftsrats zur Weiterentwicklung der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung. Wir richten dabei den Blick auf die vom Wissenschaftsrat attestierten Schwachstellen im Bereich empirisch-analytischer Methoden und erläutern ihre Auswirkungen auf Interdisziplinarität, Internationalität und Politikberatung der deutschen Friedens- und Konfliktforschung. Wir argumentieren, unter Verweis auf den Bericht des Wissenschaftsrats, dass eine breitere Methodenausbildung und -kenntnis von großer Bedeutung für interdisziplinäre und internationale Zusammenarbeit, aber auch für die Politikberatung ist. Zukünftige Initiativen innerhalb der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung sollten die Methodenvielfalt des Forschungsbereichs angemessen berücksichtigen und einen besonderen Fokus auf die Ausbildung im Bereich empirisch-analytischer Methoden legen, um das Forschungsfeld in diesem Bereich zu stärken. Unser Beitrag entspringt einer Diskussion innerhalb des Arbeitskreises „Empirische Methoden der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung“ der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Friedens- und Konfliktforschung.
Thinking with a landscape: the Australian Alps, horses and pedagogical considerations
Authors: Jukes Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes some possibilities forthinking with a landscapeas a pedagogical concept, inspired by posthuman theory. The idea of thinking with a landscape is enacted in the Australian Alps (AA), concentrating on the contentious environmental dilemma involving introduced horses and their management in this bio-geographical location. The topic of horses is of pedagogical relevance for place-responsive outdoor environmental educators as both a location-specific problem and an example of a troubling issue. The paper has two objectives for employing posthuman thinking. Firstly, it experiments with the alternative methodological possibilities that posthuman theory affords for outdoor environmental education, including new ways of conducting educational research. Secondly, it explores how thinking with a landscape as a pedagogical concept may help open ways of considering the dilemma that horses pose. The pedagogical concept is enacted through some empirical events which sketch human–horse encounters from the AA. These sketches depict some of the pedagogical conversations and discursive pathways that encounters can provoke. Such encounters and conversations are ways of constructing knowledge of the landscape, covering multiple species, perspectives and discursive opportunities. For these reasons, this paper may be of relevance for outdoor environmental educators, those interested in the AA or posthuman theorists.
Bone histology, palaeobiology, and early diagenetic history of extinct equids from Turkey
Authors: Nacarino-Meneses Carmen , Chinsamy Anusuya , Mayda Serdar , Kaya Tanju , Erismis Ugur Cengiz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBone histology has proved to be a valuable tool to obtain information about the palaeobiology and early taphonomic history of fossil vertebrates. However, there are still many extinct taxa for which bone histology studies could be applied to deduce information about their life history and early diagenetic changes. Here, we partially fill this gap by studying bone microstructure and bone micropreservation in the third metapodia ofHipparionandEquusrecovered from several Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene localities in Turkey. Our histological analysis reveals that most of the bone cortices under study are composed of a well-vascularized fibrolamellar bone. Furthermore, we record the presence of compact coarse cancellous bone in aHipparionmetatarsal. In terms of histological preservation, our findings provide supporting evidence that differences in moisture, oxygen, and/or temperature during fossilisation at the different localities impacted the quality of bone preservation. Bacterial bioerosion was extensive in the samples, and we also identified a specific tunnelling morphology that we tentatively consider to be damage caused by freshwater algae. The present study provides novel insight into the palaeobiology and early diagenetic history of extinct horses from Turkey and sets the stage for further research in this area.
Akbar or Aurangzeb? Ethics, Empire, and Print Publics in Colonial India
Authors: Denault Leigh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the 1870s, Indian news editors warned their readers of a series of crises threatening India. They saw the famines, wars, and poverty that they were describing as symptoms of the same illness: Colonial governors had failed to implement an ethical system of governance, and had therefore failed to create a healthy body politic, choosing to expend energy in punishing or censoring dissent when they should have been constructing more durable civic institutions. In North India, earlier Mughal traditions of political philosophy and governance offered a template to critique the current state. In drawing on these traditions, editors linked multiple registers of dissent, from simple ‘fables’ about emperors to more sophisticated arguments drawn from newly reinterpretedakhlaqtexts, creating a print record of the multilingual, multivalent literary and oral worlds of Indian political thought. The figures of the Mughal emperors Akbar and Aurangzeb, representing the zenith and nadir of Mughal sovereignty, in turn linked popular and learned discussions on statecraft, good governance, and personal responsibility in an age of crisis. The press itself became a meeting point for multivalent discourses connecting South Asian publics, oral and literate, in their exploration of the nature of just rule in the context of empire, calling, in the process, new ‘publics’ into being.