bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress by activation of G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor to protect retinal astrocytes under hyperoxia
Authors: Li Rong , Wang Yao , Chen Pei , Meng Jiamin , Zhang Hongbing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRetinal vascularization is arrested at the early (hyperoxia) stage in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of blindness in children. Estrogen was reported to alleviate ROP by inhibiting reactive oxygen species, the upstream signaling molecules of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Astrocytes have long been proposed to guide angiogenesis, because they form a reticular network that provides a substrate for migrating endothelial cells. However, the factors that control the vascularization of the immature retina and the therapeutic mechanism of estrogen in early ROP remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), an estrogen receptor distributed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in protecting retinal astrocytes under hyperoxia and the association with ERS. The results showed that GPER was widely expressed in retinal astrocytes. GPER activation increases cell viability, decreases apoptosis, and autophagy of retinal astrocytes, decreases inositol‐1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor activity, and increases Ca2+ concentration in ER of astrocytes under hyperoxia. GPER blockade reversed all of these changes. Together, our findings indicate that GPER can protect the survival of retinal astrocytes by inhibiting ERS under hyperoxia.
Long‐term accumulation, depth distribution, and speciation of silver nanoparticles in biosolids‐amended soils
Authors: Taylor Stephen E. , Pearce Carolyn I. , Chowdhury Indranil , Kovarik Libor , Leavy Ian , Baum Steven , Bary Andy I. , Flury Markus 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiosolids can be a source of metals and metal nanoparticles. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterize the accumulation and transport of silver (Ag) in a natural soil that has received agronomically recommended rates of biosolids as fertilizer from 1994 to 2017. Total Ag concentrations were measured in biosolids and soil samples collected from 0 to 10 cm between 1996 and 2017. The depth distribution of Ag in soil to 60‐cm depth was measured in 2017. Electron microscopy, in combination with X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the Ag. The Ag concentrations in the biosolids‐amended soil increased steadily from 1996 until 2007, after which the concentrations leveled off at about 1.25 mg Ag kg−1 soil. This corresponded with a decrease of Ag concentrations in biosolids over time. The majority of the Ag (82%) was confined to the top 10 cm of the soil, small amounts (14%) were detected at 10‐to‐20‐cm depth, and trace amounts (4%) were detected at 30‐to‐40‐cm depth. The Ag in the biosolids was identified as S‐containing nanoparticles (Ag2S) with a diameter of 10–12 nm; however, in soil, the Ag concentrations were too low to allow identification of Ag speciation. This study shows that in a real‐world field scenario, biosolids applied at agronomic rates represent a long‐term, economically viable source of crop nutrients without increasing the concentration of total Ag in soil above a maximum of 1.5 mg Ag kg−1. This concentration is below estimated ecotoxicity limits for Ag2S in soil.
Pancreatic cancer masquerading as ischemic enteritis on endoscopy
Authors: Aguila Enrik John T , Francisco Carlos Paolo D , Co Jonard T 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPancreatic tumors usually produce painless jaundice. Other associated symptoms may be secondary, from a direct extension of the tumor, resulting in bowel obstruction. It is extremely rare that pancreatic malignancy presents with ischemic enteritis by invasion of the major arteries, and no report has documented it endoscopically. We present a rare case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma masquerading as ischemic enteritis diagnosed on enteroscopy and endoscopic ultrasound. An initial computed tomography (CT) scan performed in another hospital showed long segmental wall thickening involving the third part of the duodenum to the proximal segment of the jejunum. The patient was referred to our institution for enteroscopy, which showed a poorly distensible third part of the duodenum with purplish mucosa starting at the fourth part of the duodenum until the proximal jejunum. With suspicion of ischemic enteritis, a mesenteric CT angiography was performed, which showed a long segment circumferential wall thickening of the duodenum to jejunum with fullness of the pancreatic head and uncinate process that encases the superior mesenteric artery. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) showed a hypoechoic lesion at the head of the pancreas. EUS‐guided fine‐needle biopsy was performed, which revealed pancreatic adenocarcinoma on histopathology.
Application of enamel matrix derivative in conjunction with non‐surgical therapy for treatment of moderate to severe periodontitis: A 12‐month, randomized prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Schallhorn Rachel A. , McClain Pamela K. , Benhamou Veronique , Doobrow Jennifer H. , Grandin H. Michelle , Kasaj Adrian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of periodontitis aims to halt progressive bone and attachment loss and regenerate periodontal structures. In this study, the effect of using an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy (test) versus non‐surgical therapy alone (control) was evaluated.MethodsA prospective, split‐mouth, multicenter study evaluated scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without EMD in 51 patients presenting with moderate to severe periodontitis (PPD = 5 to 8 mm) in at least 2 pockets per contralateral quadrants within the same arch. The primary outcome variable was change in clinical attachment level (CAL) after 12 months. Secondary variables included probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), gingival margin level, dentin hypersensitivity, and percent of pockets converted to sites no longer requiring surgical treatment.ResultsCAL changed significantly (P < 0.001) from baseline to 12 months for both treatment modalities (test = –2.2 ± 1.5 mm versus control = –2.1 ± 1.3 mm) and similarly for PPD; the difference between groups was not significant. A significant difference, favoring test conditions, was observed in percentage of both healthy PPDs (pockets < 5 mm) and converted pockets (sites no longer requiring surgical treatment); 79.8% of test versus 65.9% of control sites. BoP decreased significantly more (P < 0.05) in test sites (BoP at 17.8% test versus 23.1% control).ConclusionsBoth test and control treatments resulted in significant improvements in CAL and PPD. The adjunct use of EMD with SRP resulted in significantly greater improvements in overall periodontal health with less frequent BoP and a higher number of healthy PPDs.
Evaluation of poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid‐coated β‐tricalcium phosphate for alveolar ridge preservation: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saito Hanae , Couso‐Queiruga Emilio , Shiau Harlan J. , Stuhr Sandra , Prasad Hari , Allareddy Trishul V. , Reynolds Mark A. , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar ridge preservation via socket grafting (ARP‐SG) is indicated to attenuate physiologic alveolar bone resorption as a consequence of tooth extraction. However, a specific bone grafting material that is patently superior has not been identified yet. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a moldable alloplastic graft, Poly Lactic‐Co‐Glycolic Acid‐Coated β‐Tricalcium Phosphate (PLGA‐β‐TCP), for ARP purposes [Group A] compared to freeze‐dried bone allograft (FDBA) particles covered with a rapidly absorbable collagen dressing (RACD) (Group B) in function of a panel of radiographic, histomorphometric, and implant‐related outcomes.MethodsPatients in need of extraction of a single posterior tooth (premolar or molar) and subsequent replacement with a dental implant were recruited and randomly allocated into one of the two treatment groups. Follow‐up visits took place at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Cone‐beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained at baseline and at 16 weeks. Sites were re‐entered at 20 weeks for bone core biopsy harvesting and subsequent implant placement. After delivery of the final implant‐supported restoration, follow‐up visits were scheduled at 6 and 12 months to monitor peri‐implant tissue health and marginal bone levels using standardized intraoral periapical radiographs.ResultsA total of 45 patients were initially enrolled in the study, of whom 43 received an implant and 32 completed the study. Healing was uneventful in all sites after ARP‐SG and implant placement. No site required bone augmentation to allow for implant placement. CBCT scan analyses showed no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of reduction of horizontal width, midbuccal / midlingual height and ridge volume. Histomorphometric assessments revealed a statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of mineralized tissue formation (Group A = 27.0% ± 22.1% versus Group B = 38.2% ± 12.5%; P < 0.05). On the contrary, no significant differences were observed regarding percent of remaining bone grafting material and non‐mineralized tissue. No implant failed throughout the study period and marginal bone level change was negligible in both groups.ConclusionsAlthough a higher proportion of mineralized tissue was associated with the use of FDBA+RACD compared to PLGA‐β‐TCP alone, both ARP‐SG approaches rendered comparable outcomes in terms of maintenance of alveolar bone dimensions, feasibility of implant placement, implant survival, and peri‐implant bone level stability up to 12 months post‐loading.
Bone demineralization improves onlay graft consolidation: A histological study in rat calvaria
Authors: Carvalho Érika B.S. , Veronesi Giovana F. , Manfredi Gustavo G.P. , Damante Carla A. , Sant'Ana Adriana C.P. , Greghi Sebastião L.A. , Zangrando Mariana S.R. , Consolaro Alberto , Rezende Maria L.R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious data suggest that bone demineralization may promote bone graft consolidation as well as proliferation and differentiation of pre‐osteoblasts, but the biological mechanisms involved in this process need to be clarified. This study investigated the effects of bone demineralization with citric acid (CA) and tetracycline (TCN) on the repair of onlay bone grafts.MethodsOnlay bone grafts were performed on the calvaria of 126 Wistar rats. The contacting surfaces between bone graft and receptor bone bed were demineralized for 15, 30, and 60 seconds with TCN (50 mg/mL), or 10% CA, (pH 1), constituting the following test groups (n = 18): TCN15, TCN30, TCN60, CA15, CA30, and CA60. Control grafts (C) were performed without demineralization (n = 18). After 7, 30, and 60 days, biopsies were obtained for quantitative and qualitative histological analysis (a = 6).ResultsDemineralization accelerated the bone repair early from 7 days of healing. Higher percentage area of newly formed bone was observed in CA15 and TCN60 groups when compared to C in all evaluation periods (P = 0.02). At 30 days, C specimens had lower percentage of consolidated surfaces than TCN60, TCN30 and CA15 (P = 0.0015). At 60 days, CA15, CA60, and TCN60 presented bone surfaces almost completely filled by newly formed bone, against about 75% in C specimens (P = 0.0015).ConclusionsBoth CA and TCN were effective in accelerating osteogenesis at the interface between bone grafts and receptor bone beds, especially when applied for 15 seconds and 60 seconds, respectively.
Increasing nutrient stress reduces the efficiency of energy transfer through planktonic size spectra
Authors: Atkinson Angus , Lilley Martin K.S. , Hirst Andrew G. , McEvoy Andrea J. , Tarran Glen A. , Widdicombe Claire , Fileman Elaine S. , Woodward E. Malcolm S. , Schmidt Katrin , Smyth Tim J. , Somerfield Paul J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSize‐spectral approaches quantify the efficiency of energy transfer through food webs, but theory and field studies disagree over how changes in temperature, nutrients, and extreme weather impact on this efficiency. We address this at two scales: via 6 years of weekly sampling of the plankton size spectrum at the Plymouth L4 shelf sea site, and via a new, global‐scale, meta‐analysis of aquatic size spectra. The time series showed that with summertime nutrient starvation, the energy transfer efficiency from picoplankton to macroplankton decreased (i.e., steepening slopes of the size spectra). This reflected increasing dominance by small cells and their microbial consumers. The extreme storms in winter 2013/2014 caused high metazoan mortality, steep size‐spectral slopes, and reduced plankton biomass. However, recovery was within months, demonstrating an inbuilt resilience of the system. Both L4 and our meta‐analysis showed steep slopes of normalized size spectra (median −1.11). This reflects much lower values, either of trophic transfer efficiency (3.5%) or predator–prey mass ratio (569), compared to commonly quoted values. Results from the meta‐analysis further showed that to represent energy transfer faithfully, size spectra are best constructed in units of carbon mass and not biovolume, and span a mass range of > 107. When this range is covered, both the meta‐analysis and time series show a dome‐shaped relationship between spectral slopes and plankton biomass, with steepening slopes under increasingly oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions. This suggests that ocean warming could decrease the efficiency of energy transfer through pelagic food webs via indirect effects of increasing stratification and nutrient starvation.
The Hanf number in the strictly stable case
Authors: Shelah Saharon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe associateHanf numbersto triples whereTandT1are theories andpis a type. We show that the Hanf number for the property: “there is a modelM1of which omitsp, but is saturated” is larger than the Hanf number of but smaller than the Hanf number of whenTis stable with . In fact, surprisingly, we even characterise the Hanf number of when we fix whereTis a first order complete (and stable), and demand .
Mechanochromic Polymers That Recognize the Duration of the Mechanical Stimulation via Multiple Mechanochromism
Authors: Ishizuki Kuniaki , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMechanochromic polymers can be used as stress‐ and damage‐detecting sensors in polymeric materials, given that mechanical stimuli can be visualized by color changes. Although many types of mechanochromic polymers have been reported so far, there are only few examples on their further functionalization based on multiple color changes (multicolor mechanochromism). Herein, preliminary results are reported on the use of multicolor mechanochromism to detect the duration of the mechanical stimulation by simply mixing white powders of two mechanochromic polystyrene samples that contain a different radical‐type mechanochromophore at the midpoint of each polymer chain and thus exhibit different colors in response to mechanical stimuli. The mechanosensitivity can be tuned via the polymer length and shape, and a combination of these two types of mechanochromic polymers allows detecting the duration with multicolor mechanochromism, i.e., a color change from white to blue upon short exposure to grinding and a color change from white to gray upon longer exposure to grinding. Electron paramagnetic resonance and solid‐state UV–vis measurements support the mechanism proposed for this multiple mechanochromism.
Flexible Self‐Repairing Materials for Wearable Sensing Applications: Elastomers and Hydrogels
Authors: Li Shaonan , Zhou Xing , Dong Yanmao , Li Jihang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFlexible pressure and strain sensors have great potential for applications in wearable and implantable devices, soft robots, and artificial skin. The introduction of self‐healing performance has made a positive contribution to the lifetime and stability of flexible sensors. At present, many self‐healing flexible sensors with high sensitivity have been developed to detect the signal of organism activity. The sensitivity, reliability, and stability of self‐healing flexible sensors depend on the conductive network and mechanical properties of flexible materials. This review focuses on the latest research progress of self‐healing flexible sensors. First, various repair mechanisms of self‐healing flexible materials are reviewed because these mechanisms contribute to the development of self‐healing flexible materials. Then, self‐healing elastomer flexible sensor and self‐healing hydrogel flexible sensor are introduced and discussed respectively. The research status and problems to be solved of these two types of flexible sensors are discussed in detail. Finally, this rapidly developing and promising field of self‐healing flexible sensors and devices is prospected.
RETRACTED: Forensic applications and genetic characterization of Liaoning Han population revealed by extended set of autosomal STRs
Authors: Du Jiang , Diao Yefang , Rakha Allah , Ameen Fuad , AlKahtani Muneera D. F. , Adnan Atif 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundMicrosatellites or short tandem repeats (STRs) are considered the gold standard for forensic investigations and autosomal STRs are used for routine forensic personal identification.AimTo provide a precise population database on an extended set of STRs which has never been done before and explore the forensic characteristics of 20 autosomal STRs.Subjects and methodsIn the current study, we explored the genetic characteristics of 20 STRs loci in 1138 unrelated Han individuals using Goldeneye® 20A multiplex amplification system kit in the Liaoning Han population. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis based on the Nei's standard genetic distance was performed between the Han population and other relevant populations.ResultsA total of 253 alleles were observed while allelic frequencies ranged from 0.00043 to 0.5369. The combined discrimination power was 99.99999999999999999999789% and the combined exclusion power was 99.999998231%. Most of the loci were in HWE while only five pairs were out of LE. Population genetic analysis showed that the Han population has similarities with other East Asian populations.ConclusionGoldenEyeTM 20A kit detects high diversity in the Liaoning Han population. These STRs which are part of this kit can be used for forensic investigations. Population genetic analysis showed that the Han population is different from the minority populations of Xinjiang.
Modified Commercial Fish Trap to Help Eliminate Salmonid Bycatch Mortality
Authors: Tuohy Adrian M. , Skalski John R. , Jorgenson Aaron T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The utility of commercial salmonid Oncorhynchus spp. traps in the U.S. Pacific Northwest was recently revisited for the first time in decades to enable selective harvesting of hatchery-origin salmonids while reducing mortality of Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed salmonids. Modifications to historical gear designs resulted in dramatic improvements in salmonid bycatch survival rates relative to conventional commercial gears in the lower Columbia River. Expanding upon this work, an experimental commercial fish trap was further modified to largely eliminate net contact, air exposure, handling, and crowding of fish. Studies were conducted from May to November 2019 in the lower Columbia River to estimate survival of bycatch and evaluate potential benefits from the modified passive capture design. Analyzed through two separate survival estimation techniques, the modified trap demonstrated no detectable effect on salmon release survival and a significant improvement over the previous prototype design. Estimated through a paired release–recapture methodology, the relative survival effect of catch and release compared to controls over a 400-km migration was 1.017 (SE^ = 0.032) for adult Sockeye Salmon O. nerka. For adult Coho Salmon O. kisutch that were held captive for a 48-h postrelease period, estimated survival (S) was 1.000 (lower 95% confidence limit: S ≥ 0.978). These results suggest that trap modifications can be made to significantly reduce bycatch mortality of ESA-listed salmonids and provide increased opportunity for harvest of hatchery-origin salmonids.
Reuse polyester/cotton blend fabrics to prepare fiber reinforced composite: Fabrication, characterization, and interfacial properties evaluation
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wu Xiaoqing , Wei Junfu , Wu Hailiang , Fang Jing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSubstantial amount of polyethylene terephthalate/cotton (PET/cotton) blend fabrics have been handled as waste especially in recent decades on account of the technological barrier and/or low economic benefit of recycling PET from PET/cotton fabrics. Herein, a facile and effective approach was utilized to modify PET/cotton fabrics with co‐deposition of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and catechol (CCh) to improve the interfacial bonding of fiber‐matrix. The surface morphology and composition of fabrics were investigated by FESEM, ATR/FTIR, and XPS. Meanwhile, the surface properties were analyzed via dynamic contact angle. The results indicated that the PEI‐CCh co‐deposition aggregates were modified onto fabric surface through the synergy of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π‐π stacking. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of modified PET/cotton reinforced composites were 39.71% and 50.25% higher than that of untreated PET/cotton reinforced composites, respectively. Furthermore, the enhancement mechanisms of composites are systematically discussed.
The influence of air–sea coupling on forecasts of the 2016 Indian summer monsoon and its intraseasonal variability
Authors: Valdivieso Maria , Peatman Simon C. , Klingaman Nicholas P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDaily initialized coupled and uncoupled numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts from the global Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) are compared for the 2016 Indian summer monsoon. Three MetUM configurations are used: atmosphere only (ATM), coupled to a mixed‐layer ocean model (KPP), and coupled to a dynamical ocean model (NEMO). The analysis focuses on the impact of air–sea coupling, particularly in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), on NWP for monsoon rainfall. Seasonal‐mean biases in all three configurations are highly consistent and driven by errors in atmospheric processes. Rainfall is initially overestimated over India, but underestimated over the BoB, the latter associated with too much short‐wave radiation and too little cloud cover in MetUM. The excess short‐wave radiation (>40 W·m−2 over the northwest BoB) is partially compensated by additional latent cooling, primarily due to overestimated surface wind speeds. In NEMO and KPP, coupling improves the timing of intraseasonal active and break phases over India, primarily the end of these phases, which are systematically too late in ATM. NEMO and KPP show a more realistic intraseasonal local phase relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and rainfall throughout the BoB, but no configuration reproduces the observed significant lagged relationship between BoB SST and Indian rainfall. The lack of this relationship may be partly attributed to weak heat flux feedbacks to northern BoB SST, with the forecast short‐wave feedback having systematically the wrong sign (positive) compared to satellite radiation, and thus contributing to SST warming at all lead times. Based on these MetUM forecasts, there is a limited impact of coupling on NWP for monsoon rainfall, both for the mean rainfall and intraseasonal variability. Further research to improve NWP for monsoon rainfall should focus on reducing MetUM atmospheric systematical biases.