bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canopy reflectance informs in‐season malting barley nitrogen management: An ex‐ante classification approach
Authors: Nelsen Taylor S. , Lundy Mark E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMalting barley (Hordeum vulgare) requires precise nitrogen (N) fertilizer management to achieve a narrow range of grain protein content (∼9–10.5%) while maintaining yields, but practical tools to accomplish this are lacking. This study hypothesized that canopy reflectance (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) measured at tillering (Feekes 2–3) and expressed as a sufficiency index (SI), can estimate the likelihood of a site‐specific response to in‐season N fertilizer in malting barley. Canopy reflectance was measured from plots at tillering with a GreenSeeker and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) borne multispectral cameras in trials across heterogeneous California agroecosystems. Field experiments included a range of N fertilizer application rates (0–168 kg N ha−1) and timings (pre‐plant, tillering, or evenly split), and resulted in a range of crop N sufficiency/deficiency. NDVI‐based SI measurements were categorized into one of three quantitative categories (low, medium, and high) without additional experimental context using Gaussian mixture modeling. Despite that 85% of variation in protein yield was due to site‐year, the reflectance‐based categories indicated whether N fertilizer applied in‐season would increase protein yield (p < .01). Nitrogen application at tillering increased yield and protein for plots in the “low” and “medium” SI categories (45 and 4% for yield and 16 and 12% for protein, respectively) (p < .05), while “high” SI plots had neither yield (p = .23) nor protein (p = .26) increases. Importantly, the broader agronomic conditions of a site primarily determined whether response to in‐season N manifested as increased yield or protein.
Cage occupancy and dissociation enthalpy of hydrocarbon hydrates
Authors: Tanaka Hideki , Yagasaki Takuma , Matsumoto Masakazu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn elaborated statistical mechanical theory on clathrate hydrates is applied to exploration of their phase equilibria and dissociation enthalpies. The experimental dissociation pressures of methane, ethane, acetylene, and propane hydrates are well recovered by the method we have proposed. We estimate water/hydrate and hydrate/guest two‐phase coexisting conditions in the temperature, pressure, and composition space in addition to three‐phase equilibrium conditions. It is shown that the occupancy of guest molecules and the two‐phase boundaries in the phase diagram vary depending sensitively on its size. Enthalpy components arising from the host and guest interactions are separately calculated from the temperature dependence of the corresponding free energy values. This enables to evaluate the dissociation enthalpy at any stable and metastable thermodynamic state taking account of the phase transition in the coexisting phase such as melting of ice, notably that along the three‐phase equilibrium line.
Circulating Metabolites Differentiate Acute Ischemic Stroke from Stroke Mimics
Authors: Tiedt Steffen , Brandmaier Stefan , Kollmeier Hanna , Duering Marco , Artati Anna , Adamski Jerzy , Klein Matthias , Liebig Thomas , Holdt Lesca M. , Teupser Daniel , Wang‐Sattler Rui , Schwedhelm Edzard , Gieger Christian , Dichgans Martin 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveEarly discrimination of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) from stroke mimics (SMs) poses a diagnostic challenge. The circulating metabolome might reflect pathophysiological events related to acute IS. Here, we investigated the utility of early metabolic changes for differentiating IS from SM.MethodsWe performed untargeted metabolomics on serum samples obtained from patients with IS (N = 508) and SM (N = 349; defined by absence of a diffusion weighted imaging [DWI] positive lesion on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) who presented to the hospital within 24 hours after symptom onset (median time from symptom onset to blood sampling = 3.3 hours; interquartile range [IQR] = 1.6–6.7 hours) and from neurologically normal controls (NCs; N = 112). We compared diagnostic groups in a discovery‐validation approach by applying multivariable linear regression models, machine learning techniques, and propensity score matching. We further performed a targeted look‐up of published metabolite sets.ResultsLevels of 41 metabolites were significantly associated with IS compared to NCs. The top metabolites showing the highest value in separating IS from SMs were asymmetrical and symmetrical dimethylarginine, pregnenolone sulfate, and adenosine. Together, these 4 metabolites differentiated patients with IS from SMs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90 in the replication sample, which was superior to multimodal cranial computed tomography (CT; AUC = 0.80) obtained for routine diagnostics. They were further superior to previously published metabolite sets detected in our samples. All 4 metabolites returned to control levels by day 90.InterpretationA set of 4 metabolites with known biological effects relevant to stroke pathophysiology shows unprecedented utility to identify patients with IS upon hospital arrival, thus encouraging further investigation, including multicenter studies. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:736–746
Acute kidney injury after a stroke: A PRISMA‐compliant meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Yong , Wan Chanjun , Wu Guoqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and stroke needs quantitative summary. Therefore, we analyzed the associations between AKI and stroke including the incidence, risk factors of AKI after stroke, and the influence of AKI after a stroke on prognosis of stroke.MethodsArticles published until November 2019 were searched based on the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, and Google Scholar. We computed the following results [rates of AKI incidence after a stroke, odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) estimates and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between risk factors and AKI, ORs or RRs and the CIs for the association between AKI and outcomes after a stroke] by using STATA 13.0 software.ResultsThe study reported an overall incidence of AKI of 12% with a random‐effects model. Additionally, the present study showed that higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission and history of hypertension were associated with higher risk of AKI after stroke. Moreover, the study showed that AKI after stroke was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality, higher 1‐month mortality, higher long‐term mortality, and poorer functional outcome.ConclusionsAcute kidney injury appears to be a common complication after stroke and is related to increased mortality and disability in stroke. Additionally, high NIHSS score on admission and history of hypertension were the critical risk factors for the AKI after stroke. More large‐scale studies should be made to explore AKI after stroke.
Increased curative treatment is associated with decreased prostate cancer‐specific and overall mortality in senior adults with high‐risk prostate cancer; results from a national registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Aas Kirsti , Dorothea Fosså Sophie , Åge Myklebust Tor , Møller Bjørn , Kvåle Rune , Vlatkovic Ljiljana , Berge Viktor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association between curative treatment (CurTrt) and mortality in senior adults (≥70 years) with high‐risk prostate cancer (PCa) is poorly documented. In a population‐based cohort we report temporal trends in treatment and PCa‐specific mortality (PCSM), investigating the association between CurTrt and mortality in senior adults with high‐risk PCa, compared to findings in younger men (<70 years).MethodsObservational study from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Patients with high‐risk PCa were stratified for three diagnostic periods (2005‐08, 2009‐12 and 2013‐16), age (<70, vs ≥70) and primary treatment (CurTrt: Radical prostatectomy (RP), Radiotherapy (RAD) vs no curative treatment (NoCurTrt)). Competing risk and Kaplan‐Meier methods estimated PCSM and overall mortality (OM), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds for CurTrt, and multivariable Fine Gray and Cox regression models evaluated the hazard ratios for PCSM and OM.ResultsOf 19 763 evaluable patients, 54% were aged ≥70 years. Senior adults had more unfavorable PCa characteristics than younger men. Across diagnostic periods, use of CurTrt increased from 15% to 51% in men aged ≥70 and 65% to 81% in men aged < 70 years. With median five years follow‐up, PCSM decreased in all patients (P < .05), in the third period restricted to senior adults. In all patients NoCurTrt was associated with three‐fold higher 5‐year PCSM and two‐fold higher OM compared to CurTrt.ConclusionsIn high‐risk PCa patients, increased use of CurTrt, greatest in senior men, was observed along with decreased PCSM and OM in both senior and younger adults. CurTrt should increasingly be considered in men ≥70 years.
Extended multiplicative signal correction to improve prediction accuracy of protein content in weathered sorghum grain samples
Authors: Peiris Kamaranga H. S. , Bean Scott R. , Jagadish S. V. Krishna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesSorghum grains may be subjected to weathering damage in the field as naked grains on the panicle are exposed to adverse environmental conditions during grain development or dry down before harvest. A near infrared (NIR) protein calibration model did not work as expected for weathered grains. Extended multiplicative signal correction was tested as a preprocessing method for spectra to improve the prediction accuracy of the model when weathered grain samples are evaluated.FindingsNIR spectra of weathered sorghum grain samples showed marked distortions with a higher apparent absorbance at lower wavelengths in the 950–1650 nm spectral range. A partial least squares calibration developed with sound grain samples using spectra preprocessed with multiplicative signal correction (MSC) predicted protein content of validation sample set of sound grains with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 0.67% and coefficient of determination (r2) = 0.83. However, performance of this calibration model dropped with RMSEP = 13.14% and r2 = 0.04 when used to predict proteins in weathered grain samples. Introduction of weathered grain spectra to the calibration improved predictive performance with RMSEP = 0.92% and r2 = 0.69. Application of extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) to preprocess the spectra of the calibration with weathered grain samples enhanced the prediction performance with RMSEP = 0.61% and r2 = 0.85.ConclusionsInclusion of weathered grain spectra in the calibration and preprocessing spectra with EMSC markedly improved the robustness of the sorghum protein calibration.Significance and noveltySorghum breeders using NIR spectroscopy for evaluation of protein levels in sorghum breeding lines can get the weathered grain samples also analyzed for protein levels by using this method.
Management of a complex traumatic dental injury: Crown, crown‐root, and root fracture
Authors: Sanaei‐rad Parisa , Hajihassani Neda , Jamshidi Davoud 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDental trauma can result in different kinds of injuries based on the extent, direction, and location of the impact. Multidisciplinary management of traumatized teeth is critical for successful treatment and improvement of the prognosis.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Aliphatic Acyloins Catalyzed by Thermostable Transketolase
Authors: Casajus Hubert , Lagarde Aurélie , Leremboure Martin , De Dios Miguel Thomas , Nauton Lionel , Thery Vincent , Fessner Wolf‐Dieter , Duguet Nicolas , Charmantray Franck , Hecquet Laurence 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe thermostable transketolase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (TKgst) was successfully engineered for the synthesis of aliphatic acyloins with varying carbon backbone lengths (C5−C10) based on protein structure‐guided studies. Efficient TKgst variants were identified with enhanced activities for substrate combinations of aliphatic aldehydes as acceptors together with aliphatic pyruvate homologues as donors. The TKgst single variant L382F was able to catalyze efficiently the transfer of the ketol group from hydroxypyruvate on all targeted aliphatic aldehydes (C3−C8) to give the corresponding 1,3‐dihydroxy ketones with good yields and excellent enantioselectivity. The combination of the H102L/H474S mutation previously designed for the improved utilization of aliphatic pyruvate homologues together with a F435I exchange gave the new variant H102L/H474S/F435I, which is able to transfer the acyl goup of 2‐oxobutyrate and 2‐oxovalerate to aliphatic aldehydes, giving mono hydroxylated ketones.
Insights into the Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction Catalyzed by Novel Pd−Carbene Complexes. Are Palladium−Tetra‐ carbene Entities the Key Active Species?
Authors: De Tovar Jonathan , Rataboul Franck , Djakovitch Laurent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe assumption that the real active species involved in the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction are homogeneous, heterogeneous or both is often proposed. However a lack in the characterization of true catalytic entities and their monitoring makes assumptions somewhat elusive. Here, three families of palladium(II) complexes bearing bisNHC, bispyridyl and bisphosphine ligands were synthesized in order to get new insights into the formation of active species in the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction. Their comparative catalytic study reveals that the nature of the ligands as well as their spacer lengths are pivotal parameters governing the performance. All complexes evolve to Pd NPs under reaction conditions, and an orthogonal behavior is observed for two bisNHC complexes that form homoleptic tetracarbene species. Notably, these species are presumably involved in a new catalytic modus operandi. This ligand‐controlled reactivity and the formation of tetracarbene species open new routes towards the design of novel cross‐coupling catalysts via the mastering of highly‐active catalytic species.
Breast imaging, breast surgery, and cancer genetics in the age of COVID‐19
Authors: Yin Kanhua , Singh Preeti , Drohan Brian , Hughes Kevin S. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe objective of the current study was to provide insight into the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on breast cancer screening, breast surgery, and genetics consultations.MethodsUser data from a risk assessment company were collected from February 2 to April 11, 2020. The use of risk assessment was used as a proxy for the use of 3 breast cancer services, namely, breast imaging, breast surgery, and genetics consultation. Changes in the use of these services during the study period were analyzed.ResultsAll 3 services experienced significant declines after the COVID‐19 outbreak. The decline in breast surgery began during the week of March 8, followed by breast imaging and genetics consultation (both of which began during the week of March 15). Breast imaging experienced the most significant reduction, with an average weekly decline of 61.7% and a maximum decline of 94.6%. Breast surgery demonstrated an average weekly decline of 20.5%. When surgical consultation was stratified as breast cancer versus no breast cancer, the decrease among in non–breast cancer patients was more significant than that of patients with breast cancer (a decline of 66.8% vs 11.5% from the pre‐COVID average weekly volume for non–breast cancer patients and patients with breast cancer, respectively). During the week of April 5, use of genetics consultations dropped to 39.9% of the average weekly volumes before COVID‐19.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 has had a significant impact on the number of patients undergoing breast cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
Trimetallic Nanoparticles Encapsulated into Bamboo‐Like N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes as a Robust Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lu Mengting , Li Yuwen , Wu Yuhang , Xu Hui , Gao Junkuo , Xu Shiqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh‐efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts based on transition metal materials are one of the most promising alternatives, but their activity and durability are still far from desirable. Here, we report trimetallic N‐doped carbon nanotubes with rapid electron transport and rapid diffusion of the electrolyte that can significantly enhance the OER. The introduction of a third metal can adjust the electronic structure, thereby causing favorable intermediate adsorption on the catalysts. The optimized catalyst CoFeNi@CNTs exhibits a low overpotential of 287 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1, which are obviously superior to the precious catalyst IrO2 and most previously reported catalysts. The CoFeNi@CNTs also exhibit excellent OER stability with small current density decay after 12 h. The outstanding OER activity is ascribed to the unique carbon nanotube structure and strong synergy between three metals.
A multi‐illuminant synthetic image test set
Authors: Hao Xiangpeng , Funt Brian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new multi‐illuminant synthetic image test set called MIST is described and made publicly available. MIST is intended primarily for evaluating illumination estimation and color constancy methods, but additional data are provided to make it useful for other computer vision applications as well. MIST addresses the problem found in most existing real‐image datasets, which is that the groundtruth illumination is only measured at a very limited number of locations, despite the fact that illumination tends to vary significantly in almost all scenes. In contrast, MIST provides for each pixel: (a) the percent surface spectral reflectance, (b) the spectrum of the incident illumination, (c) the separate specular and diffuse components of the reflected light, and (d) the depth (ie, camera‐to‐surface distance). The dataset contains 900 stereo pairs, each of the 1800 images being a 30‐band multispectral image covering the visible spectrum from 400 to 695 nm at a 5 nm interval. Standard sRGB versions of the multispectral images are also provided. The images are synthesized by extending the Blender Cycles ray‐tracing renderer. The rendering is done in a way that ensures the images are not only photorealistic, but physically accurate as well.
Nitrogen Fixation and Biological Behavior of Nanodiamond Colloidal Solutions
Authors: Kurakov Alexander V. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Gavrilkin Sergei M. , Batsanov Stepan S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDetonation‐produced nanodiamond, both as a powder (with adsorbed water) and especially when suspended in an aqueous colloid, can support the growth (both aerobic and anaerobic) of bacteria and fungi. These were isolated and identified by microbiological methods, optical and electron microscopy, as species of Penicillium, Purpureocillium, Beaveria, Trichoderma and Aspergillus genera. The C : N molar ratio of the developing fibers (comprising fungal mycelia with attached bacteria and entrapped nanodiamond) decreased from 25 to 11 between the 1st and 10th week of incubation (cf. 40 in initial nanodiamond, 4.6 typical for bacteria and 8.3 for fungi), and from 4 to <1 after the 12th week, as the lysis of microorganisms releases carbon as CO2 and nitrogen as NH4+ or NO3−. The nitrogen content of the colloid increased by an order of magnitude and more, due to fixation of N2 by nanodiamond under ambient conditions.The process requires water but not necessarily oxygen present.
Mechanisms and Rationale for Targeted Therapies in Refractory and Unexplained Chronic Cough
Authors: Mazzone Stuart B. , McGarvey Lorcan 
Published: August 2020

Chronic cough, defined as a cough lasting > 8 weeks, is a common medical condition that exerts a substantial physical, mental, and social burden on patients. A subset of patients with chronic cough are troubled with a cough that persists despite optimal treatment of presumed associated common and uncommon conditions (refractory chronic cough; RCC) or in which no diagnosable cause for cough can be identified despite extensive assessment (unexplained chronic cough; UCC). Many of these patients exhibit clinical features of cough hypersensitivity, including laryngeal paresthesia, hypertussia, and allotussia. Over‐the‐counter cough remedies are ineffective and can lead to intolerable side effects when used for RCC/UCC, and the lack of approved treatments indicated for these conditions reflects a major unmet need. An increased understanding of the anatomy and neurophysiology of protective and pathologic cough has fostered a robust clinical development pipeline of several targeted therapies for RCC/UCC. This manuscript reviews the mechanisms presumed to underly RCC/UCC together with the rationale and clinical evidence for several targeted therapies currently under clinical investigation, including transient receptor potential channel antagonists, P2X3‐receptor antagonists, voltage‐gated sodium channel blockers, neuromodulators, and neurokinin‐1–receptor antagonists. Finally, we provide an overview of targets that have been investigated in preclinical models of cough and other airway diseases that may hold future promise for clinical studies in RCC/UCC. Development of targeted therapies with different sites of action may foster a precision medicine approach to treat this heterogeneous, underserved patient population.
Quantitative Systems Toxicology Modeling Predicts that Reduced Biliary Efflux Contributes to Tolvaptan Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Beaudoin James J. , Brock William J. , Watkins Paul B. , Brouwer Kim L. R. 
Published: August 2020

Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) exhibit enhanced susceptibility to tolvaptan hepatotoxicity relative to other patient populations. In a rodent model of ADPKD, the expression and function of the biliary efflux transporter Mrp2 was reduced, and biliary excretion of a major tolvaptan metabolite (DM‐4103) was decreased. The current study investigated whether reduced biliary efflux could contribute to increased susceptibility to tolvaptan‐associated hepatotoxicity using a quantitative systems toxicology (QST) model (DILIsym). QST simulations revealed that decreased biliary excretion of DM‐4103, but not tolvaptan, resulted in substantial hepatic accumulation of bile acids, decreased electron transport chain activity, reduced hepatic adenosine triphosphate concentrations, and an increased incidence of hepatotoxicity. In vitro experiments (C‐DILI) with sandwich‐cultured human hepatocytes and HepaRG cells were performed to assess tolvaptan‐associated hepatotoxic effects when MRP2 was impaired by chemical inhibition (MK571, 50 µM) or genetic knockout, respectively. Tolvaptan (64 µM, 24‐hour) treatment of these cells increased cytotoxicity markers up to 27.9‐fold and 1.6‐fold, respectively, when MRP2 was impaired, indicating that MRP2 dysfunction may be involved in tolvaptan‐associated cytotoxicity. In conclusion, QST modeling supported the hypothesis that reduced biliary efflux of tolvaptan and/or DM‐4103 could account for increased susceptibility to tolvaptan‐associated hepatotoxicity; in vitro experiments implicated MRP2 dysfunction as a key factor in susceptibility. QST simulations revealed that DM‐4103 may contribute to hepatotoxicity more than the parent compound. ADPKD progression and gradual reduction in MRP2 activity may explain why acute liver events can occur well after one year of tolvaptan treatment.