bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Deep Residual Network for Geometric Decontouring
Authors: Ji Zhongping , Zhou Chengqin , Zhang Qiankan , Zhang Yu‐Wei , Wang Wenping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGrayscale images are intensively used to construct or represent geometric details infield of computer graphics. In practice, displacement mapping technique often allows an 8‐bit grayscale image input to manipulate the position of vertices. Human eyes are insensitive to the change of intensity between consecutive gray levels, so a grayscale image only provides 256 levels of luminances. However, when the luminances are converted into geometric elements, certain artifacts such as false contours become obvious. In this paper, we formulate the geometric decontouring as a constrained optimization problem from a geometric perspective. Instead of directly solving this optimization problem, we propose a data‐driven method to learn a residual mapping function. We design a Geometric DeContouring Network (GDCNet) to eliminate the false contours effectively. To this end, we adopt a ResNet‐based network structure and a normal‐based loss function. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that accurate reconstructions can be achieved effectively. Our method can be used as a relief compressed representation and enhance the traditional displacement mapping technique to augment 3D models with high‐quality geometric details using grayscale images efficiently.
Image‐Driven Furniture Style for Interactive 3D Scene Modeling
Authors: Weiss Tomer , Yildiz Ilkay , Agarwal Nitin , Ataer‐Cansizoglu Esra , Choi Jae‐Woo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCreating realistic styled spaces is a complex task, which involves design know‐how for what furniture pieces go well together. Interior style follows abstract rules involving color, geometry and other visual elements. Following such rules, users manually select similar‐style items from large repositories of 3D furniture models, a process which is both laborious and time‐consuming. We propose a method for fast‐tracking style‐similarity tasks, by learning a furniture's style‐compatibility from interior scene images. Such images contain more style information than images depicting single furniture. To understand style, we train a deep learning network on a classification task. Based on image embeddings extracted from our network, we measure stylistic compatibility of furniture. We demonstrate our method with several 3D model style‐compatibility results, and with an interactive system for modeling style‐consistent scenes.
A Graph‐based One‐Shot Learning Method for Point Cloud Recognition
Authors: Fan Zhaoxin , Liu Hongyan , He Jun , Sun Qi , Du Xiaoyong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoint cloud based 3D vision tasks, such as 3D object recognition, are critical to many real world applications such as autonomous driving. Many point cloud processing models based on deep learning have been proposed by researchers recently. However, they are all large‐sample dependent, which means that a large amount of manually labelled training data are needed to train the model, resulting in huge labor cost. In this paper, to tackle this problem, we propose a One‐Shot learning model for Point Cloud Recognition, namely OS‐PCR. Different from previous methods, our method formulates a new setting, where the model only needs to see one sample per class once for memorizing at inference time when new classes are needed to be recognized. To fulfill this task, we design three modules in the model: an Encoder Module, an Edge‐conditioned Graph Convolutional Network Module, and a Query Module. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we build a one‐shot learning benchmark dataset for 3D point cloud analysis. Then, comprehensive experiments are conducted on it to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.
InstanceFusion: Real‐time Instance‐level 3D Reconstruction Using a Single RGBD Camera
Authors: Lu Feixiang , Peng Haotian , Wu Hongyu , Yang Jun , Yang Xinhang , Cao Ruizhi , Zhang Liangjun , Yang Ruigang , Zhou Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present InstanceFusion, a robust real‐time system to detect, segment, and reconstruct instance‐level 3D objects of indoor scenes with a hand‐held RGBD camera. It combines the strengths of deep learning and traditional SLAM techniques to produce visually compelling 3D semantic models. The key success comes from our novel segmentation scheme and the efficient instance‐level data fusion, which are both implemented on GPU. Specifically, for each incoming RGBD frame, we take the advantages of the RGBD features, the 3D point cloud, and the reconstructed model to perform instance‐level segmentation. The corresponding RGBD data along with the instance ID are then fused to the surfel‐based models. In order to sufficiently store and update these data, we design and implement a new data structure using the OpenGL Shading Language. Experimental results show that our method advances the state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) methods in instance segmentation and data fusion by a big margin. In addition, our instance segmentation improves the precision of 3D reconstruction, especially in the loop closure. InstanceFusion system runs 20.5Hz on a consumer‐level GPU, which supports a number of augmented reality (AR) applications (e.g., 3D model registration, virtual interaction, AR map) and robot applications (e.g., navigation, manipulation, grasping). To facilitate future research and reproduce our system more easily, the source code, data, and the trained model are released on Github: https://github.com/Fancomi2017/InstanceFusion.
Simultaneous Multi‐Attribute Image‐to‐Image Translation Using Parallel Latent Transform Networks
Authors: Xu Sen‐Zhe , Lai Yu‐Kun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImage‐to‐image translation has been widely studied. Since real‐world images can often be described by multiple attributes, it is useful to manipulate them at the same time. However, most methods focus on transforming between two domains, and when they chain multiple single attribute transform networks together, the results are affected by the order of chaining, and the performance drops with the out‐of‐domain issue for intermediate results. Existing multi‐domain transfer methods mostly manipulate multiple attributes by adding a list of attribute labels to the network feature, but they also suffer from interference of different attributes, and perform worse when multiple attributes are manipulated. We propose a novel approach to multi‐attribute image‐to‐image translation using several parallel latent transform networks, where multiple attributes are manipulated in parallel and simultaneously, which eliminates both issues. To avoid the interference of different attributes, we introduce a novel soft independence constraint for the changes caused by different attributes. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Two‐stage Photograph Cartoonization via Line Tracing
Authors: Li Simin , Wen Qiang , Zhao Shuang , Sun Zixun , He Shengfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCartoon is highly abstracted with clear edges, which makes it unique from the other art forms. In this paper, we focus on the essential cartoon factors of abstraction and edges, aiming to cartoonize real‐world photographs like an artist. To this end, we propose a two‐stage network, each stage explicitly targets at producing abstracted shading and crisp edges respectively. In the first abstraction stage, we propose a novel unsupervised bilateral flattening loss, which allows generating high‐quality smoothing results in a label‐free manner. Together with two other semantic‐aware losses, the abstraction stage imposes different forms of regularization for creating cartoon‐like flattened images. In the second stage we draw lines on the structural edges of the flattened cartoon with the fully supervised line drawing objective and unsupervised edge augmenting loss. We collect a cartoon‐line dataset with line tracing, and it serves as the starting point for preparing abstraction and line drawing data. We have evaluated the proposed method on a large number of photographs, by converting them to three different cartoon styles. Our method substantially outperforms state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of visual quality quantitatively and qualitatively.
Effectiveness of bilayer porous polyethylene membrane for alveolar ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wongpairojpanich Jirapa , Kijartorn Pennapa , Suwanprateeb Jintamai , Buranawat Borvornwut 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPorous polyethylene has been successfully used in several medical applications with good outcomes. Based on this, a new bilayer porous polyethylene membrane (B‐PPM) was developed for possibly being used as a membrane in alveolar ridge preservation.PurposeTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of a new B‐PPM in comparison to high‐density polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (d‐PTFE) in alveolar ridge preservation.Materials and methodsThirty patients were randomized into two groups according to the membranes used to cover the socket (B‐PPM or d‐PTFE). Wound healing was monitored at day 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 4 months postoperatively. Dimensional changes of alveolar ridge were measured immediately after tooth extraction and at 4 months later using intraoral scanner and cone beam computed tomography. Bone cores were harvested before implant placement. Implant stability at insertion and prior to prosthesis delivery were also measured.ResultsNo significant difference in socket wound closure between groups was observed excepting at day 14 that B‐PPM showed a faster wound closure than d‐PTFE (P = .03). Greater bone resorptions were seen on buccal than lingual side and on coronal than apical part of the alveolar ridge. No significant difference in dimensional changes of alveolar ridge, new bone formation, connective tissue content, residual bone grafts, and implant stability between two groups.ConclusionB‐PPPM was safe and effective for alveolar ridge preservation.
A multicenter cohort study on the association of the one‐abutment one‐time concept with marginal bone loss around bone level implants
Authors: Lambrechts Tijs , Doornewaard Ron , De Bruyckere Thomas , Matthijs Liesbet , Deschepper Ellen , Cosyn Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the association of the one‐abutment one‐time concept with marginal bone loss (MBL) around bone‐level implants in relation to other factors.Materials and methodsRecords from patients treated by four experienced implant surgeons between January 2016 and July 2019 were scrutinized. Subjects treated with two bone‐level implant types with varying machined collar (subgroups: 0.5 and 0.8 mm) were considered, receiving a healing abutment (HA cohort) or a permanent abutment at the time of surgery (OT cohort). The primary outcome was MBL registered at 3 months and the longest follow‐up. A clustered two‐part regression model for semicontinuous data was used.ResultsData pertaining to 160 patients (92 females, mean age 54) and 344 implants (125 in HA cohort, 219 in OT cohort) were available for evaluation. Mean MBL amounted to 0.52 mm (SD 0.68) after a mean follow‐up of 20 (SD 9.2) months, with 33.8% of the implants showing complete bone preservation and 5.0% demonstrating >2mm MBL. OT was not related to the presence of MBL using MBL as dependent binary variable (0: no MBL; 1: MBL irrespective of its magnitude). However, OT significantly reduced the magnitude of MBL with 0.300mm when compared to HA (p = .023) in the cases where MBL was detected. Subgroup (p = .212), smoking (p = .789), history of periodontitis (p = .839), type of edentulism (p = .054), implant surgeon (p = .079), patient compliance (p = .617), and follow‐up (p = .443) failed to show a significant association with MBL in the regression model. Ninety‐eight % of the implants survived.ConclusionWithin the limitations of a cohort study, the one‐abutment one‐time concept was associated with a decrease in MBL at implant sites with bone loss. Therefore, the placement of a permanent abutment at the time of surgery seems relevant to limit marginal bone‐level alterations.
Periimplant bone changes in different abutment heights and insertion timing in posterior mandibular areas: Three‐year results from a randomized prospective clinical trial
Authors: Borges Tiago , Montero Javier , Leitão Bruno , Pereira Miguel , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the influence of the abutment height and its insertion timing on the marginal bone change (MBC) variation of implants placed at posterior mandibular partial edentulous areas in a medium follow‐up period.Material and methodsThis randomized clinical trial (RCT) comprised a sample of patients with posterior mandibular edentulous areas, treated with at least two implants and distributed into three groups: implants connected to a 2 mm height abutment during the surgical stage (Group A); implants connected to a 1 mm height abutment during the surgical stage (Group B); and implants connected to a 2 mm height abutment after 2 months (Group C). Clinical and radiographic measurements were performed during a 36‐month period (T4). The MBC was set as the main variable in study. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.ResultsA total of 29 subjects and 59 implants were enrolled in this study. A mean MBC of 0.35 ± 0.46 mm, 0.60 ± 0.81 mm, and 0.71 ± 0.90 mm was computed for groups A, B and C, respectively, at T4. Significant differences were found between groups A and C in terms of MBC variation after 3 years of treatment (p = .048). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant influence of the first‐year MBC and the abutment insertion timing has independent predictor variables for the MBC assessed at T4.ConclusionThe installation of 2‐mm prosthetic abutments, at the time of implant placement, in areas with limited keratinized mucosa presents as a favorable treatment option in terms of periimplant marginal bone maintenance.
Natural orifice specimen extraction for colorectal surgery: Early adoption in a Western population
Authors: Chen Michelle Zhiyun , Cartmill John , Gilmore Andrew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimNatural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) challenges the limits of minimally invasive colorectal surgery by exploiting a natural opening for specimen delivery. Technically challenging, it is less painful, requires smaller wounds and abolishes the possibility of incisional hernia. These advantages of NOSE are seen in the obese (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2). This audit aims to demonstrate the feasibility of NOSE colectomy in an Australian population.MethodProspective data collected from 2007 to the present were retrospectively analysed. Only patients with mucosally benign colorectal conditions were included: complex diverticulosis, post‐malignant polypectomy and volvulus. Left sided mucosal malignancies were excluded. Study end‐points included postoperative length of stay, anastomotic leak rate and wound complications.ResultsIn total, 159 patients underwent NOSE, mean age 59 years (19–88), mean BMI 28.2 kg/m2 (17–45). Ten (6.2%) patients developed retroperitoneal small bowel herniation; seven required further surgery. There were five (3.1%) anastomotic leaks, seven (4.4%) postoperative ileus and three (1.9%) anastomotic bleeds. One (0.6%) patient had a superficial wound infection. There were no port site hernias. Patients with BMI <30 kg/m2 (98 patients) and BMI >30 kg/m2 (59 patients) were compared; there was no difference in anastomotic leak rate (P = 0.60), complication rate (P = 0.71) and length of stay (P = 0.63). However, duration of operation increased with BMI (P = 0.000).ConclusionThis large series of NOSE colectomy from Australia suggests that NOSE is comparable to conventional laparoscopic colectomy in terms of postoperative outcome. Given that obesity has not featured in the NOSE literature, our study suggests that NOSE, for benign disease, is safe in obese patients, without added morbidity.
Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of post‐transplant erythrocytosis after kidney transplantation
Authors: Alzoubi Beyann , Kharel Abish , Osman Fauzia , Aziz Fahad , Garg Neetika , Mohamed Maha , Djamali Arjang , Mandelbrot Didier A. , Parajuli Sandesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with post‐transplant erythrocytosis (PTE) in the modern era of strong, protocolized immunosuppressive management are unknown. In this study, we aim to identify the incidence and risk factors of PTE and outcomes associated with PTE. This study examined adult KTRs transplanted at our hospital between 01/2001 and 12/2016. Controls were KTRs without PTE and selected in a 1:5 ratio using incident density sampling. Patient survival, graft survival, and vascular thromboembolism (VTE) incidence were outcomes of interest. Of 4,317 kidney transplants during the study period, 214 (5%) had PTE and were compared with controls. In the multivariate analysis, recipients with older age (HR: 0.97, 95% CI 0.96‐0.99, p = .001) were less likely to develop PTE, while male gender (HR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.92‐5.3, p < .001) and non‐preemptive transplant (HR: 3.86, 95% CI 1.56‐9.56, p = .003) were associated with increased risk of PTE. After adjustment for confounding factors, PTE was not associated with patient mortality (HR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.69‐1.42, p = .97), graft failure (HR: 1.11, 95% CI 0.68‐1.80, p = .69), or VTE (HR: 1.07, 95% CI 0.59‐1.96, p = .81). The incidence of PTE is still substantial in this era, but with proper management PTE does not impact patient or graft survival.
Development of bilateral parietal activation for complex visual‐spatial function: Evidence from a visual‐spatial construction task
Authors: Ferrara Katrina , Seydell‐Greenwald Anna , Chambers Catherine E. , Newport Elissa L. , Landau Barbara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe neural representation of visual‐spatial functions has traditionally been ascribed to the right hemisphere, but little is known about these representations in children, including whether and how lateralization of function changes over the course of development. Some studies suggest bilateral activation early in life that develops toward right‐lateralization in adulthood, while others find evidence of right‐hemispheric dominance in both children and adults. We used a complex visual‐spatial construction task to examine the nature of lateralization and its developmental time course in children ages 5–11 years. Participants were shown two puzzle pieces and were asked whether the pieces could fit together to make a square; responses required either mental translation of the pieces (Translation condition) or both mental translation and rotation of the pieces (Rotation condition). Both conditions were compared to a matched Luminance control condition that was similar in terms of visual content and difficulty but required no spatial analysis. Group and single‐subject analyses revealed that the Rotation and Translation conditions elicited strongly bilateral activation in the same parietal and occipital locations as have been previously found for adults. These findings show that visual‐spatial construction consistently elicits robust bilateral activation from age 5 through adulthood. This challenges the idea that spatial functions are all right‐lateralized, either during early development or in adulthood. More generally, these findings provide insights into the developmental course of lateralization across different spatial skills and how this may be influenced by the computational requirements of the particular functions involved.
Shallow lakes at risk: Nutrient enrichment enhances top‐down control of macrophytes by invasive herbivorous snails
Authors: Liu Ying , He Liang , Hilt Sabine , Wang Rui , Zhang Huan , Ge Gang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

In shallow lakes, submerged macrophytes can stabilise clear‐water conditions and prevent phytoplankton blooms. Nutrient enrichment can promote their abundance. Above critical thresholds in water nutrient concentrations, however, submerged macrophytes have collapsed in many lakes worldwide with negative consequences for important ecosystem functions. The mechanisms behind this decline are complex and subject to debate.

We conducted mesocosm and laboratory experiments to investigate the top‐down effect of invasive herbivorous snails (Pomacea canaliculata) on native submerged macrophytes (Vallisneria natans) under low and moderate nutrient treatment. We tested whether effects of nutrient addition to the water column on snail herbivory were influenced by shading by phytoplankton and epiphyton, macrophyte elemental tissue content and snail nutrient release.

We found that herbivorous snails had strong negative top‐down effects on macrophytes, which were amplified by nutrient enrichment in the water column leading to higher macrophyte consumption rates. In moderate nutrient treatment, macrophyte consumption was faster and snails grew better than in low nutrient treatment. Additionally, snail treatments had higher nitrogen concentrations in the water leading to a negative feedback loop.

Our results suggest that snail herbivory may increase the chance for macrophyte collapse and shifts of shallow lakes to turbid states, and this effect occurs at lower snail densities when nutrient concentrations increase. Shallow lakes are thus severely at risk from projected increases in nutrient loading and spread of invasive herbivorous molluscs.
Ectothermy and the macroecology of home range scaling in snakes
Authors: Todd Brian D. , Nowakowski A. Justin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimA central question in ecology has been that of why animal home ranges scale more steeply with body size than do metabolic rates. Yet, the generality of this notion has scarcely been tested in non‐model species like ectotherms, which have lower metabolic requirements than endotherms and which may, therefore, have different home range area requirements. Our aim was to examine how home range area scales with body size in snakes and to shed light on how other factors may shape home range area requirements in an understudied group of ectotherms.LocationGlobal.Time period1984–2018.Major taxon studiedSerpents.MethodsWe compiled and analysed a dataset of snake home ranges from the literature to evaluate how body size, sex, climate, foraging ecology, and biogeographic factors shape home range area requirements.ResultsHome range area scaled more gradually with body size in snakes (log‐linear slope of simple linear regression 0.72 with 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.96) than has been reported for mammals and birds, and instead more closely followed the scaling of metabolic rates with body size. Male snakes had larger home ranges than females and this difference increased as temperature increased at a study site, possibly from mate‐searching behaviour of males and greater ease reaching optimal body temperatures in warmer areas. Finally, home range area scaled more steeply for snakes that forage actively than for those that rely on sit‐and‐wait ambush foraging, a reflection of their foraging ecology.Main conclusionsOur results question the general notion that animal home range areas scale more steeply with body size than does metabolism. Key distinctions in the energy demands of endotherms and ectotherms and their responses to those demands give rise to differing home range area requirements. More attention to non‐model species is needed when creating and evaluating ecological theory.