bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress and Sleep Interact to Selectively Consolidate and Transform Negative Emotional Memories
Authors: Payne Jessica D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Memory consolidation processes can be highly selective. For example, negative emotional aspects of events tend to be consolidated more readily than other, more neutral, aspects. This chapter discusses evidence that the sleeping brain provides an ideal environment for memory consolidation, and that active, as opposed to passive, sleep-based consolidation processes are particularly important in explaining why emotional memories are retained so well. I also review evidence that elevated levels of stress hormones (cortisol, norepinephrine), particularly during the time of the initial experience, support downstream emotional memory consolidation. The chapter then proposes a working model that describes why arousal and stress at encoding may set the stage for sleep to etch emotional memories in the brain on a long-lasting basis and presents recent data to support this model. However, in addition to promoting the consolidation and stabilization of emotional memories, evidence suggests that sleep and stress also transform memories—in both adaptive and maladaptive ways. Memory for negative emotional experiences, while adaptive in general, can also contribute to the etiology and perpetuation of clinical conditions such as depression and anxiety. Thus, I argues that it is possible to have “too much of a good thing” and suggests ways that the transformative nature of stress and sleep might be used to restructure maladaptive memories in the clinic.
Neuroscience of Enduring Change and Psychotherapy
Authors: Lane Richard D. , Smith Ryan , Nadel Lynn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The model of enduring change in psychotherapy featuring memory reconsolidation and emotional arousal was based on recent neuroscientific advances that were presented originally from a predominantly psychological perspective. This chapter translates the components and processes of the model into evidence-based neural systems terms. This neural circuitry model highlights what is known and not known and where new research is most urgently needed. The authors then consider the research agenda, emphasizing what they consider to be the most important knowledge gaps. The basic science research agenda focuses on a variety of topics pertaining to memory and memory reconsolidation as well as interactions between emotion and memory. The clinical science research agenda focuses on the most pressing issues pertaining to the processes and mechanisms contributing to enduring change in psychotherapy. The potential exists to develop a new taxonomy of clinical interventions based on what problems are being targeted, how intractable they are, and how long-lasting the intervention needs to be.
Hiding Your “Scuzzy Bits”
Authors: Kant Tanya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This is the first of three chapters to scrutinize the horizon of possibilities that algorithmic personalization creates for users at the level of everyday life. The site of investigation that takes the focus of this chapter is Ghostery: a browser extension and privacy tool that allows web users to see and block the commercial data trackers that harvest, manage, and monetize the personal data that web users produce as they surf the web. Taking Ghostery’s rhetorical sum of “knowledge + control = privacy” as a conceptual starting point, this chapter draws on interviews with a selection of Ghostery users to explore their struggles for personal privacy in the context of algorithmic personalization. The author finds that Ghostery users’ negotiations with algorithmic personalization have implications in relation to autonomy, epistemic anxiety, and the protection—as well as potential “erosion”—of selfhood against data tracking.
Autoposting the Self into Existence
Authors: Kant Tanya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter shifts focus from personalizing processes that threaten an inner self to algorithmic personalization practices that have the power to (re)write the self. To do so, the chapter examines the “autoposting” activities of Facebook’s third-party apps: commercial applications such as Spotify that can automatically post Facebook status updates on the user’s behalf to that user’s Facebook News Feed. These apps are discursively framed by Facebook as tools that aid user self-expression—and yet the author’s findings reveal that autoposting apps can be better considered as actors capable of (re)writing users’ identity performance on Facebook—and beyond. Drawing on the accounts of Facebook users, the chapter argues that this form of personalization can bring the self into existence in ways that require fresh interrogations of cultural capital, data commodification, and online context collapse.
Apprenticeships and Career Pathways
Authors: Noworol Czesław 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Although there is vast diversity in apprenticeship concepts and practices in Europe, the United States, and other regions of the world, all apprenticeships are designed to support both the professional growth of workforce participants and business growth. Apprenticeships offer an efficient path to gaining valuable credentials and qualifications and thus are an important component of many career pathways. This chapter focuses on apprenticeships as a promising form of acquiring skills and credentials needed to fill the qualification gap of both white-collar and blue-collar workers. It provides a brief history of apprenticeship concepts, and it covers topics such as alignment of career pathways with apprenticeship concepts and trends. It illustrates the main ideas with examples of apprenticeship concepts and systems in several European countries and in the United States. It concludes with some considerations concerning future directions for research and practice.
Giving Manufacturing Career Pathways a LIFT
Authors: Sullivan Myriam , Kobes Deborah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rapid technological changes, an increasingly global economy, and employment’s changing nature require a workforce that is not only trained prior to embarking upon a career but also remains current through lifelong learning. Advanced manufacturing is one of many industries in the United States in which employers face challenges finding sufficient workers with necessary skills. This chapter presents a case study that explores the way the Industrial Manufacturing Technician (IMT) apprenticeship supports workers’ and companies’ needs, focusing on three factors: (1) harnessing the apprenticeship’s potential, (2) implementing it, and (3) future options. Six months after the Labor Institute for Training helped the Benteler Automotive Corporation launch its IMT program, employee turnover declined from 33% to 11%. In addition, the IMT includes inclusive strategies while creating access to wages averaging $24 per hour. The case study shows that developing accessible and equitable apprenticeships for culturally diverse and underserved populations offers a solution to employers and unemployed individuals.
Introduction
Authors: Drutman Lee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the current two-party system in America. While America has always had a two-party system in name, for most of their history, the two parties have been capacious, incoherent, and overlapping. This overlap lent a certain stability to American national politics, and it worked with, rather than against, their compromise-oriented political institutions. This modern era is qualitatively different: Two distinct, national party coalitions organized around two distinct visions of American national identity, each claiming to represent a true majority. A fully divided two-party system without any overlap is probably unworkable in any democracy, given what it does to people’s minds. Without a high degree of national consensus, it leads people to see their fellow citizens not as political opponents to politely disagree with, but as enemies to disregard and destroy. Moreover, a fully divided two-party system is completely unworkable when the division is over the character of national identity, as it is today. This raises the stakes impossibly high and makes compromise impossible. It poses an existential threat to the future of American democracy. This book then assesses how America can become a multiparty democracy and break the destructive binary.
The Paradox of Partisanship
Authors: Drutman Lee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the paradox of partisanship. In 1950, the American Political Science Association put out a major report arguing for a “more responsible two-party system.” The two parties—the Democratic Party and the Republican Party—were then largely indistinguishable coalitions of parochial local parties, and the political scientists argued that too little, rather than too much polarization, was the problem. This sets up a paradox: Some party division is necessary, but too much can be deadly. Various traditions in American political thought have tried to resolve this paradox. Antipartisans have urged consensus above all. Responsible partisans have urged competition above all. Meanwhile, bipartisans have urged compromise above all. Consensus is impossible. However, both compromise and competition are essential to democracy. Only the neglected multiparty tradition can solve the paradox with the right balance of competition and compromise.
The Future of American Democracy
Authors: Drutman Lee 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This concluding chapter presents a vision of a future multiparty America and makes a final plea for reform. If Americans do not change their electoral system, they are in big trouble. Democracies die when the country splits apart into two sides who distrust and fear each other so much that one side blows up norms of fair play to keep the other party out of power. Once that happens, it is tricky to restore a stable equilibrium. Unfortunately, this is where America’s doom loop of toxic two-party politics is headed. Electoral reform is the solution. Modest proportional representation with ranked-choice voting will scramble the winner-take-all incentives. Moreover, a new electoral system can create space for entrepreneurial politicians to find new, creative solutions to hard public problems and can re-orient partisan identities so America can have the healthy kind of identity politics again where identities cross-cut each other, instead of cumulate. In addition, multiparty democracy is a proven solution. It has produced stable and productive governance in many countries-including the United States. When American democracy operated more like a multiparty system, American democracy was more stable.
How Hegemonic Orders Unravel
Authors: Cooley Alexander , Nexon Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter identifies three drivers of hegemonic unraveling and transformation in international orders: great-power contestation and alternative order building; how the dominant power’s loss of its “patronage monopoly” enhances the bargaining leverage of weaker states; and the rise of counter-order movements, especially transnational ones, that weaken support for existing international arrangements—sometimes within the leading power itself. Because analysts tend to focus their attention on the relationship between power transitions and great-power wars, they have only recently begun to appreciate the significance of these three processes. This chapter shows that these challenges—from above, below, and within—played a key role in past power transitions and transformations in international order, including the decline of Spanish hegemony, challenges to British hegemony before World War I, the rise of fascism and Bolshevism during the interwar period, decolonization, and the collapse of the Soviet system.
When the World Laughs
Authors: Costanzo William V. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This is a book about the intersection of humor, history, and culture. It explores how film comedy, one of the world’s most popular movie genres, reflects the values and beliefs of those who enjoy its many forms, its most enduring characters and stories, its most entertaining routines and funniest jokes. What people laugh at in Europe, Africa, or the Far East reveals important truths about their differences and common bonds. By investigating their traditions of humor, by paying close attention to the kinds of comedy that cross national boundaries and what gets lost in translation, this study leads us to a deeper understanding of each other and ourselves. Section One begins with a survey of the theories and research that best explain how humor works. It clarifies the varieties of comic forms and styles, identifies the world’s most archetypal figures of fun, and traces the history of mirth from earliest times to today. It also examines the techniques and aesthetics of film comedy: how movies use the world’s rich repertoire of amusing stories, gags, and wit to make us laugh and think. Section Two offers a close look at national and regional trends. It applies the concepts set forth earlier to specific films across a broad spectrum of sub-genres, historical eras, and cultural contexts, providing an insightful comparative study of the world’s great traditions of film comedy.
Building the Buddhist Revival
Authors: Scott Gregory Adam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Between 1850 and 1966, tens of thousands of Buddhist sacred sites were destroyed in China, victims of targeted destruction, accidental damage, or simply neglect. Yet hundreds if not thousands of these sites were also reconstructed during this period, events that required charismatic leadership, the reconstitution of the religious community, extensive fundraising, investments of labor and materials, and the support of local elites. This book explores the history of Chinese Buddhist monastery reconstruction from the end of the Imperial period, through the Republic of China, and into the first seventeen years of the People’s Republic. For each time period, a general overview of reconstruction activity provides the context for more detailed study of a few focus sites. Over this century of history, the nature and significance of reconstructing Buddhist monasteries changes drastically, mirroring broader changes in Chinese society. Yet this book argues that change has always been in the nature of religious communities such as Buddhist monasteries, and that reconstruction, rather than a return to the past, represents innovative and adaptive change. In this way, it helps us understand the broader significance of the Buddhist “revival” in China during this era itself as a creative reconstruction of religion upon longstanding foundations.
Introduction
Authors: Scott Gregory Adam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter surveys the state of the field of material culture and sacred spaces in Chinese Buddhism, as well as the historical development of monastery layouts. The chapter explores how both the material and the human elements were affected by destruction events, and accordingly reconstruction of a monastery inevitably addressed both spheres. A devoted and charismatic reconstruction leader, who was often an outsider to the community, typically played a crucial role in enabling the reconstruction to occur. Building upon the work of architectural historians and scholars of modern Chinese Buddhism, this chapter establishes the theoretical and methodological basis for the chapters that follow.
The Post-Taiping Reconstruction
Authors: Scott Gregory Adam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the destruction of Buddhist monasteries in China during the Taiping War (1850–1864) and the first post-war wave of reconstructions. The period between the end of the war and the start of the Wuxu Reforms was highly active in terms of reconstruction of religious institutions of all types in China. The chapter includes a digital humanities survey of destruction and reconstruction records drawn from digitized local gazetteers, with the focus sites of Linggu Monastery near Nanjing and Jiangtian Monastery in Zhenjiang. The chapter argues that in spite of the widespread destruction of the war, reconstruction was still undertaken at many sites, but even rebuilt sites were not free from the long-term effects of the conflict.
National Salvation
Authors: Scott Gregory Adam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter addresses the period from 1928 to 1949, spanning the Nanjing Decade and the Second Sino-Japanese War. During this era of preparation for invasion and all-out war, Buddhist monasteries come to symbolize a Chinese civilization under threat and were rebuilt in part to serve as symbols of Chinese cultural heritage. The chapter examines a number of monasteries near the new capital of Nanjing, including one transformed into a monument for the war dead, as well as Xingjiao Monastery near the wartime base of Xi’an in the northwest of China. It argues that the pressures of the war propelled Chinese Buddhist monasteries into a new level of national importance, but their perceived value was increasingly in their history rather than in any living religious community on the site.
Summoning the Ghosts of Early Cinema and Victorian Entertainment
Authors: Yeo Su-Anne 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyses the singularly arresting yet endlessly repeatable appearance via projection of the iconic British supermodel Kate Moss within the recent V&A Museum exhibition Savage Beauty: Alexander McQueen. Originally created for the late fashion designer’s 2006 Widows of Culloden show in Paris, this appearance by Moss was no less rapturously received at the V&A exhibition than it had been at the hologram’s launch almost a decade previously. Drawing upon scholarship in the fields of film history and media history, the chapter argues that the Kate Moss hologram should be conceptualized not as a ‘new’ technology, but as a remediation of older cultural forms and practices such as the Victorian entertainment known as Pepper’s ghost and the genre of early cinema known as the serpentine dance. Subsequently, the chapter examines how the exhibition’s marketing and critical reception helped to construct cultures of appreciation that reinforce dominant and idealist discourses of technology. The chapter argues that contemporary film and media culture cannot be understood without an appreciation of older forms and practices of visual entertainment and amusement.
Casting
Authors: Kang Yiyun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates how projection mapping reconfigures the relationship between projection surface, moving image, and space in the field of artists’ projected moving-image works. Projection mapping is a relatively new method that can be used to transform irregularly shaped objects and indoor/outdoor spaces into display surfaces. This mode of projection envelops three-dimensional surfaces with digital moving images, using complicated projection technologies. In examining this process, the author analyses various contextual reviews as well as her own piece Casting to discover projection mapping’s distinctive properties. Casting (2016) is Kang’s projection-mapping installation at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in London, which was created as the culmination of Kang’s six-month artist-in-residency program at the V&A, and acquired by the institution in 2017 as its first purchase of a projection-mapping installation piece. This chapter examines how, by integrating volumetric objects and space, projection mapping dismantles the conventional notion of screen and frame that are accepted in experimental film and video installation works. The chapter introduces the concept of augmented space to understand how the spatial employment of projected moving images generates a novel type of narrative and experiences in comparison with the previous projected moving-image artworks. Accordingly, the chapter identifies how projection mapping practices can develop a distinguished type of aura in the realm of digital media art works.
Performance Management at AbbVie
Authors: Gorbatov Sergey , Lane Angela M. , Richmond Timothy J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This case study describes design and implementation of the performance management process (PMP) at AbbVie, a global, research-based biopharmaceutical company with approximately 30,000 employees worldwide; it is dedicated to developing and delivering a consistent stream of innovative new medicines. Following its separation from Abbott in 2013, over the course of 5 years AbbVie built a tailor-made PMP, guided by scientific knowledge of human behavior and the unique cultural imperatives of the new company. This case study demonstrates how traditional human resources tools can be used to create a culture of high performance and innovation. The company posits that business strategy, culture, and leadership precede any system design considerations and need to be primary drivers of these. The success of implementation is in the vertical and horizontal integration of all the elements of the performance management (PM) system. The chapter discusses the challenges and key principles of PMP design in a global matrixed organization and shares the company’s perspectives on the successes, opportunities, and future directions of the AbbVie PMP evolution.
Medtronic’s Contrarian Journey
Authors: Walter Matt , Surface Carol 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Twice in the last 8 years, Medtronic has transformed its performance management (PM) practices. First in 2010, the decision was made to reengage employees in performance and development activities after the process was determined to be out of date. The priorities of the change were focused on three core elements: (1) moving to quarterly performance discussions; (2) simplifying the global process and form; and (3) eliminating performance ratings. After an initial period that demonstrated promising returns, the updated approach began to lose traction across the organization. The combination of the system design and lack of appropriate operating mechanisms eventually led to inconsistencies and lack of rigor in the application of the process. As a result, the company began to inadvertently demotivate the same employees it was trying to inspire. In 2014, the organization was going through transformational change, which would result in both a new business-operating model and doubling the size of the company. Optimizing the organization’s operating and planning mechanisms became an imperative as the company sought to fully realize the benefit of its global breadth and scale. The PM system was again identified for a restart. In this next redesign, accounting for the organization culture and business strategy was prioritized. Change management efforts included investments in training and development to improve manager capabilities, primarily focusing on core elements of what makes PM successful. Initial results from the recent design are demonstrating positive trends based on key employee and business metrics.