bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it Just About Physical Health? An Online Cross-Sectional Study Exploring the Psychological Distress Among University Students in Jordan in the midst of COVID-19 Pandemic&nbsp;
Authors: Al-Tammemi Ala'a B. , Akour Amal , Alfalah Laith 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Since the spread of COVID-19 on a global scale, most of efforts at national and international levels were directed to mitigate the spread of the disease and its physical harm , paying less attention to the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on global mental health especially at early stages of the pandemic. Objectives This study aimed to assess and explore (i) The levels of psychological distress and its correlates (ii) Motivation for distance learning (iii) Coping activities and pandemic related concerns, among university students in Jordan in the midst of COVID-19 pandemicMethods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire. The measure of psychological distress was obtained using the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, while other questions have explored our study’s second and third aims.Results A total of 381 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Female participants slightly predominated the sample (n=199, 52.2%). The respondents aged 18-38 years (mean 22.6 years, SD: 3.16). Concerning distress severity, most of respondents were regarded as having severe psychological distress (n=265, 69.5%). 209 students (54.9%) reported that they had no motivation for distance learning. Ordinal logistic regression revealed a significant correlation between distress severity and many predictors. Among the predictors that were found to act as a protective factors against higher levels of distress included older age (aOR=0.64, P=0.022; 95% CI: 0.44 - 0.94) , and having a strong motivation for distance learning (aOR=0.10, P=0.048 ; 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.96).In contrary, being a current smoker (aOR=1.99, P=0.049 ; 95% CI: 1.10 - 3.39), and having no motivation for distance learning (aOR=2.49, P=0.007; 95% CI: 1.29 - 4.80) acted as risk factors for having higher levels of psychological distress among the students .The most common coping activity reported was spending more time on social media platforms (n=269, 70.6%), and 209 students (54.9%) reported distance learning was their most distressing concern.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic and related control measures could impact the mental health of individuals, including students. We recommend a nationwide psychological support program to be incorporated into Jordan’s preparedness plan and response strategy in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Enzyme additives influence bacterial communities of Medicago sativa silage as determined by Illumina sequencing
Authors: hu Zongfu , Ma Deying , Niu Huaxin , Chang Jie , Yu Jianhua , Tong Qing , Li Shuguo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enzymes (cellulase combined with galactosidase), and the combination of these enzymes with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on bacterial diversity using high-throughput sequencing. Alfalfa forages were treated with or without cellulase + ɑ-galactosidase (CEGA), cellulase + LP (CELP), or ɑ-galactosidase + LP (GALP). After 56 days of ensiling, all the treated silages exhibited improved fermentation quality, as reflected by decreased pH, ammonium-N and increased lactic acid levels compared to the control silage. Enzymatic treatment improved nutrient value by increasing the level of crude protein and decreasing the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) level. Treatment of the silage significantly changed the bacterial community, as determined by the PCoA test. LAB dominated the bacterial community of the treated silage after ensiling. The dominant bacteria from Garciella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in the control silage changed to Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in the CEGA silage, and Lactobacillus in the CELP and GALP silages. Collectively, enzymes and enzymes in combination with inoculants both greatly increased the abundance of LAB, with Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus in the silage with enzymes only (CEGA) and Lactobacillus in the silage with a combination of enzymes and inoculants (CELP and GALP).
Consumption of meals prepared away from home is related to the inadequacy of dietary fibre and minerals intake among Japanese adults aged 18-64 years: analysis from the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Matsumoto Mai , Saito Aki , Okada Chika , Okada Emiko , Tajima Ryoko , Takimoto Hidemi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Consumption of home-prepared meals may lead to better nutritional intake. Few studies have examined the association between the frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home and the adequacy of nutritional intake based on nutritional standards. We therefore aimed to investigate this issue among Japanese adults.Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the 2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, involving 921 men and 1300 women aged 18–64 years, conducted as a cross-sectional survey. The frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was defined using two questions inquiring about the frequency of eating out and take-away meals. Data on dietary intake were collected using a one-day semi-weighed household dietary record. The inadequacy of each nutrient intake was assessed by comparing estimated average requirement (EAR) level for 14 nutrients and the range of the dietary goal (DG) for seven nutrients according to the 2015 version of the Dietary Reference Intake for Japanese. Participants were stratified into three groups based on the frequency of consumption of home-prepared meals. Group differences in nutrients inadequacy were assessed using the covariate and logistic regression analysis, respectively.Results: The proportion of participants who consumed home-prepared meals almost every day were 34.9% among men and 46.8% among women, and the proportion of those rarely consuming were 14.7% and 6.3%, respectively.A higher frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with lower intake and adequacy of dietary fiber and minerals (iron, calcium, potassium etc.), and with lower intake of vegetables and lower intake of oils.Conclusions: High frequency of consuming meals prepared away from home was associated with insufficient intake of dietary fiber and multiple mineral intakes among Japanese adults. Dietary fiber and mineral intake may be the potential target of interventions aimed at improving nutrient intake in individuals who predominantly eat food prepared away from home.
Is There a Health Inequality in Gambling Related Harms? A Systematic Review
Authors: Raybould Jodie , Larkin Michael , Tunney Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Here we present a systematic review of the existing research into gambling harms, in order to determine whether there are differences in the presentation of these across demographic groups such as age, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status, or gambling behaviour categories such as risk severity and play frequency. Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: Inclusion criteria were: 1) focus on gambling harms; 2) focus on harms to the gambler rather than affected others; 3) discussion of specific listed harms and not just harms in general terms. Exclusion criteria were: 1) research of non-human subjects; 2) not written in English; 3) not an empirical study; 3) not available as a full article.Methods: We conducted a systematic search using the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. Assessment of quality took place using Standard Quality Assessment Criteria.Results: A total of 59 studies published between 1994 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. These were categorised into thematic groups for comparison and discussion. There were replicated differences found in groups defined by age, socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity and culture, risk severity, and gambling behaviours. Conclusion: Harms appear to be dependent on specific social, demographic and environmental conditions that suggests there is a health inequality in gambling related harms. Further investigation is required to develop standardised measurement tools and to understand confounding variables and co-morbidities. With a robust understanding of harms distribution in the population, Primary Care Workers will be better equipped to identify those who are at risk, or who are showing signs of Gambling Disorder, and to target prevention and intervention programmes appropriately.
Interaction between Physical Activity and Problematic Mobile Phone Use on Suicidality in Chinese College Students
Authors: Xie Yang , Zhu Ming , Wu Xiaoyan , Tao Shuman , Yang Yajuan , Li Tingting , Zou Liwei , Xu Honglv , Tao fangbiao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous researches have found a relationship between problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and suicidality. However, few studies have examined the interaction effects between low physical activity (PA) and PMPU on suicidality among college students. This study aimed to examine the interactions of PA and PMPU and their impacts on suicidality in a school-based sample among Chinese college students. Methods: Analysis was based on data from two universities in China, which recruited 4,787 participants. Binary logistic regression models were used to explore the associations of PA, PMPU with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, as well as the interactions of PA and PMPU on suicidality. Results: The prevalence of suicide attempt and suicidal ideation were 3.5% and 7.2%, respectively. Low PA was significantly associated with suicide attempt (OR=3.48, 95%CI: 2.52-4.81) and suicidal ideation (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.46-2.46). PMPU was significantly associated with suicide attempt (OR=3.65, 95%CI: 2.66-5.01) and suicidal ideation (OR=2.83, 95%CI: 2.25-3.54). Interaction analysis indicated that low PA and PMPU were interactively associated with suicide attempt (OR=9.51, 95%CI: 6.15-14.73), RERI=4.85(1.20-8.50), AP=0.51(0.29-0.73), SI=2.32(1.34-4.04). There were no additive interaction effects between PA and PMPU on suicidal ideation.Conclusions: The findings reveal that PA levels and PMPU should be considered in the intervention programs of suicide attempt among college students.
Integrated&nbsp;3D printing solution to mitigate shortages of airway consumables and personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fillat-Gomà Ferran , Coderch-Navarro Sergi , Martínez-Carreres Laia , Monill-Raya Núria , Nadal-Mir Toni , Lalmolda Cristina , Luján Manel , de Haro Candelaria , Blanch Lluís 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To cope with shortages of equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic, we established a nonprofit end-to-end system to identify, validate, regulate, manufacture, and distribute 3D-printed medical equipment. Here we describe the local and global impact of this system. Methods: Together with critical care experts, we identified potentially lacking medical equipment and proposed solutions based on 3D printing. Validation was based on the ISO 13485 quality standard for the manufacturing of customized medical devices. We posted the design files for each device on our website together with their technical and printing specifications and created a supply chain so that hospitals from our region could request them. We analyzed the number/type of items, petitioners, manufacturers, and catalogue views.Results: Among 33 devices analyzed, 26 (78·8%) were validated. Of these, 23 (88·5%) were airway consumables and 3 (11·5%) were personal protective equipment. Orders came from 19 (76%) hospitals and 6 (24%) other healthcare institutions. Peak production was reached 10 days after the catalogue was published. A total of 22,135 items were manufactured by 59 companies in 18 sectors; 19,212 items were distributed to requesting sites during the busiest days of the pandemic. Our online catalogue was also viewed by 27,861 individuals from 113 countries.Conclusions: 3D printing helped mitigate shortages of medical devices due to problems in the global supply chain.
A novel age-structured mosquito model for assessing the mechanisms behind vector control success
Authors: Davis Emma L , Hollingsworth T Déirdre , Keeling Matt J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Vector control is a vital tool utilised by malaria control and elimination programmes worldwide, and as such it is important that we can accurately quantify the expected public health impact of a range of vector control methods. There are very few previous models that consider vector control induced changes in the age-structure of the vector population and the resulting impact this will have on transmission.Methods: The steady-state solution of a novel age-structured deterministic compartmental model describing the mosquito gonotrophic cycle is analytically derived, with the age of each mosquito measured in the number of gonotrophic cycles (or successful blood meals) completed. From this model we derive analytical expressions for key transmission measures, such as the effective reproductive ratio under control, Rc, and investigate the impact of combinations of commonly used vector control methods on the age-structure of the vector population.Results: Our model output is an explicit solution that can be used to directly quantify key transmission statistics and investigate the age-structured impact of vector control. Application of this model confirms current knowledge thatadult-acting interventions, such as IRS or LLINs, can be highly effective at reducing transmission, due to the dual effects of repelling and killing mosquitoes. However, we demonstrate how larval measures can be implemented in addition to adult-acting measures to reduce Rc and mitigate the impact of waning insecticidal efficacy. We also find that mid-ranges of LLIN coverage see the largest effect of reduced net integrity on transmission.Conclusions: Whilst well-maintain adult-acting vector control measures are substantially more effective than larval-based interventions, incorporating larval control in existing LLIN or IRS programmes could substantially reduce transmission. This would most benefit areas with low coverage or poor maintenance of interventions.
Validation of three-item Fatigue Severity Scale for patients with substance use disorder: a cohort study from Norway for the period 2016-2020
Authors: Vold Jørn Henrik , Gjestad Rolf , Aas Christer , Meland Eivind , Johansson Kjell Arne , Fadnes Lars Thore 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Little attention has been paid to customising fatigue questionnaires for patients with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). The present study aims to validate and shorten the nine-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS-9) and Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale (VAFS) for use with this population.MethodsWe used data from a nested cohort with annual health assessments with responses on the FSS-9 and VAFS. During the period 2016–2020, 917 health assessments were collected from 655 patients with SUD in Bergen and Stavanger, Norway. A total of 225 patients answered the health assessment at least twice. We defined baseline as the first annual health assessment when the health assessments were sorted chronologically per patient. We checked for internal consistency, and we used longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis and linear mixed model analysis to validate and shorten the FSS-9 and VAFS. ResultsThe internal consistency of the FSS-9 was excellent with a Cronbach’s α of 0.94 at baseline and 0.93 at the second annual health assessment. When shortening the FSS-9 to a three-item FSS (FSS-3, items 5–7), the Cronbach’s α was 0.87 at baseline and 0.84 at the second health assessment. The internal consistency was not affected when the VAFS was added to the FSS-9 and the FSS-3. The longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis model between baseline and the second health assessment showed a well-fitting model for the FSS-3 (χ2 = 13.33, degree of freedom = 8, P = 0.101) with a correlation of r = 0.52 and P < 0.001 between the annual health assessments. The linear mixed model analysis showed equal linear changes at the individual level for the FSS-3 (slope: 0.00, P > 0.05) and FSS-9 (slope: 0.01, P > 0.05) between the health assessments.ConclusionThe ten items (FSS-9 plus VAFS) could be shortened to a three-item FSS with excellent validity and reliability for patients with SUDs. Shortened and validated fatigue scales may be a way to ensure reliable results in this population.
“We can’t handle things we don’t know about”: Perceived neurorehabilitation challenges for Malawian paediatric cerebral malaria survivors
Authors: Boubour Alexandra , Mboma Sebastian , Võ Tracy , Birbeck Gretchen L. , Seydel Karl B. , Mallewa Macpherson , Chinguo Dorothy , Gladstone Melissa , Mohamed Suraya , Thakur Kiran T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: We sought to identify perceptions of neurorehabilitation challenges for paediatric cerebral malaria (CM) survivors post-hospital discharge at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in Blantyre, Malawi.Methods: An exploratory approach was used to qualitatively investigate the perceived neurorehabilitation challenges for paediatric CM survivors. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). Eighteen data-gathering sessions were conducted with 38 total participants, including 3 FGDs with 23 primary caregivers, 11 IDIs with healthcare workers at QECH, and 4 IDIs with community-based rehabilitation workers (CRWs).Results: FGDs revealed that caregivers lack important knowledge about CM and fear recurrence of CM in their children. Post-CM children and families experience substantial stigma and sociocultural barriers to integrating into their community and accessing neurorehabilitative care. At a community-level, rehabilitation infrastructure, including trained staff, equipment, and programmes, is extremely limited. Rehabilitation services are inequitably accessible, and community-based rehabilitation remains largely unavailable.Conclusions: There is an urgent need to establish further training of rehabilitation personnel at all levels and to build accessible rehabilitation infrastructure in Malawi for post-CM patients. Additional work is required to expand this study across multiple regions for a holistic understanding of neurorehabilitation needs.
Altered Metabolism of Mothers of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Control Study
Authors: Hollowood-Jones Kathryn , Adams James B. , Coleman Devon M. , Ramamoorthy Sivapriya , Melnyk Stephan , James S. Jill , Woodruff Bryan K. , Pollard Elena L. , Snozek Christine L. , Kruger Uwe , Chuah Joshua , Hahn Juergen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous research studies have demonstrated abnormalities in the metabolism of mothers of young children with autism.Method: Metabolic analysis was performed on blood samples from 30 mothers of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD-M) and from 29 mothers of young typically-developing children (TD-M). Targeted metabolic analysis focusing on the folate one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) and the transsulfuration pathway (TS) as well as broad metabolic analysis were performed. Statistical analysis of the data involved both univariate and multivariate statistical methods.Results: Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in 5 metabolites from the folate one-carbon metabolism and the transsulfuration pathway and differences in an additional 48 metabolites identified by broad metabolic analysis, including lower levels of many carnitine-conjugated molecules. Multivariate analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation allowed classification of samples as belonging to one of the two groups of mothers with 93% sensitivity and 97% specificity with five metabolites. Furthermore, each of these five metabolites correlated with 8-15 other metabolites indicating that there are five clusters of correlated metabolites. In fact, all but 5 of the 50 metabolites with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were associated with the five identified groups. Many of the abnormalities appear linked to low levels of folate, vitamin B12, and carnitine-conjugated molecules.Conclusions: Mothers of children with ASD have many significantly different metabolite levels compared to mothers of typically developing children at 2-5 years after birth.
Effect of socio-demographic and health factors on the association between multimorbidity and acute care service use: population-based survey linked to health administrative data
Authors: Fisher Kathryn Ann , Griffith Lauren , Gruneir Andrea , Upshur Ross , Perez Richard , Favotto Lindsay , Nguyen Francis , Markle-Reid Maureen , Ploeg Jenny 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: This study explores how socio-demographic and health factors shape the relationship between multimorbidity and one-year acute care service use (i.e., hospital, emergency department visits) in older adults in Ontario, Canada.Methods: We linked multiple cycles (2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012) of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to health administrative data to create a cohort of adults aged 65 and older. Administrative data were used to estimate one-year service use and to identify 12 chronic conditions used to measure multimorbidity. We examined the relationship between multimorbidity and service use stratified by a range of socio-demographic and health variables available from the CCHS. Logistic and Poisson regressions were used to explore the association between multimorbidity and service use and the role of socio-demographic factors in this relationship.Results: Of the 28,361 members of the study sample, 60% were between the ages of 65 and 74 years, 57% were female, 72% were non-immigrant, and over 75% lived in an urban area. Emergency department visits and hospitalizations consistently increased with the level of multimorbidity. This study did not find strong evidence of moderator or interaction effects across a range of socio-demographic factors. Stratified analyses revealed further patterns, with many being similar for both services – e.g., the odds ratios were higher at all levels of multimorbidity for men, older age groups, and those with lower household income. Rurality and immigrant status influenced emergency department use (higher in rural residents and non-immigrants) but not hospitalizations. Multimorbidity and the range of socio-demographic variables remained significant predictors of service use in the regressions.Conclusions: Strong evidence links multimorbidity with increased acute care service use. This study showed that a range of factors did not modify this relationship. Nevertheless, the factors were independently associated with acute care service use, pointing to modifiable risk factors that can be the focus of resource allocation and intervention design to reduce service in those with multimorbidity. The study’s results suggest that optimizing acute care service use in older adults requires attention to both multimorbidity and social determinants, with programs that are multifactorial and integrated across the health and social service sectors.