bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritheliomatous pattern: A diagnostic clue for diagnosing metastatic melanoma in cytology
Authors: Upadhyay Baskota Swikrity , Monaco Sara E. , Xing Juan , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundA peritheliomatous pattern (PP) in tumors is characterized by a sheath of viable tumor cells closely surrounding a central blood vessel. In the authors' cytology practice, such a PP has been recognized in several metastatic melanoma specimens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of a PP in cytology samples of melanoma in comparison with other tumors.MethodsEighty archival fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cases of metastatic melanoma were compared with 65 control cases (35 poorly differentiated/metastatic carcinomas, 15 lymphomas, and 15 recurrent/metastatic/high‐grade sarcomas). Cytologic findings were correlated with corresponding histologic specimens, which were available for 44 cases (55%) in the melanoma group and for 23 cases (35.38%) in the control group. All slides were examined for a PP and were semiquantitatively graded for comparison.ResultsA PP was present in 51.3% of the cytologic preparations (n = 41) among the melanoma group cases, whereas in the control group, a PP was present in only 3.1% of the cases (n = 2). A PP was present in 65.9% of melanomas with available histologic sections (n = 29) and in 8.7% of tissue samples from the control group (n = 2). A PP was seen more often in cell blocks than direct smear preparations (51.3% vs 40.0%) from patients with melanoma.ConclusionsThe presence of a characteristic PP can be helpful in diagnosing melanoma in FNA samples because it was present in almost half of the metastatic melanoma cases in this study and was rarely present in other tumor types. A PP is easier to recognize and more often presents in cell blocks than aspirate smears. Ancillary studies such as immunohistochemistry are helpful for excluding other entities that may exhibit a PP.
Sunlight‐Driven Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles via Oxidative Construction of a Nitrogen‐Sulfur Bond Catalyzed by a Reusable Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Yuan Jiangpei , Xia Qiangqiang , Zhu Weiwei , Wu Cunluo , Wang Bingxin , Liu Baoying , Yang Xiaobo , Xu Yuanqing , Xu Hao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEmploying a two‐dimensional covalent organic framework as the reusable solar photosensitizer, the sunlight‐driven aerobic oxidative construction of a nitrogen‐sulfur bond has been achieved. 3,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,4‐thiadiazoles are smoothly prepared in water by using this procedure. Furthermore, a radical mechanism with a sunlight‐promoted single electron transfer (SET) process is proposed for this transformation.
Low power and area efficient error tolerant adder for image processing application
Authors: Priyadharshni M , Kumaravel Sundaram 
Published: January 2020

SummaryApproximate computing‐based arithmetic units are oriented towards reduction in power, delay, and area. Intrinsic error tolerance capability of emerging application domains, like multimedia, Internet of Things (IoT), and image processing provides better opportunities for optimization of approximate arithmetic units. In this paper, a novel 1‐bit imprecise full adder (IFA) is proposed with less gate count. Also, two versions of 16‐bit error tolerant adders (ETAs), namely a low power and area efficient error tolerant adder (LETA) and improved low power and area efficient error tolerant adder (ILETA), are proposed. In these proposed ETAs, the most significant bit (MSB) segments are realized in same approach, whereas the least significant bit (LSB) segment of LETA and ILETA are realized using an existing modified full adder (MFA) and proposed IFAs, respectively. The proposed and existing ETA adders are implemented using a Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and synthesized in a Synopsys electronic design automation (EDA) Tool using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 65nm technology. The proposed (ILETA, LETA) adders exhibit (55%, 50%) reduction in power consumption and achieve significant reduction in area (68%, 61%). Further, in this work, a new performance metric namely power and error product (PEP) is proposed in order to evaluate the approximate adders in terms of power and error metrics. It is found that the proposed ILETA achieves a low PEP of 1.05

compared with other ETAs. To study the efficacy of the proposed ETA adders in image processing application, an image blending algorithm is implemented and simulated using MATLAB. From simulation results, it is observed that the proposed ETA adders exhibit a high peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR).
Screening and confirmatory analysis of recombinant human erythropoietin for racing camels' doping control
Authors: Delcourt Vivian , Garcia Patrice , Chabot Benjamin , Loup Benoit , Remy Pierre , Popot Marie‐Agnès , Bailly‐Chouriberry Ludovic 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) belongs to the therapeutic class of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) due to its implication in the creation pathway of red blood cells and thus enhancement of oxygenation. Because of this bioactivity, rHuEPO has been considered as a major doping agent in sports competitions for decades. Over the years, doping control laboratories designed several analytical strategies applied to human and animal samples to highlight any misuse. Even though multiple analytical approaches have been reported, none has yet been dedicated to racing camels. Here, we describe an analytical strategy to test camel plasma samples at screening using an ELISA assay and a targeted nano‐liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry for confirmatory analysis. The method was validated and has been successfully applied to post‐race samples, allowing the detection of a positive case of rHuEPO administration.
Overlooked side effects of organic farming inputs attract soil insect crop pests
Authors: Nyamwasa Innocent , Li Kebin , Zhang Shuai , Yin Jiao , Li Xiaofeng , Liu Jie , Li Ertao , Sun Xiulian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic farming has been praised for many sound reasons, but there are some negative effects of organic practices. Research on the interactions between soil insect pests and organic farming practices is still scarce, although such interactions might sometimes lead to severe crop damage. Here, we explore the influences of organic farming inputs and key host crops on the oviposition behavior of soil insect pests likely to infest crops. We also shed light on the factors driving this behavior and analyze 4 yr of data from an on‐farm investigation. Our study offers clear support to the idea that decomposing organic matter and legume crops affect oviposition behavior and provides evidence that butyric acid and 1‐hexanol are major attractants. The results suggest that poor management or returning decomposing organic matter to the field is risky. The silver lining, however, is that oviposition behavior can be disrupted by the identified key attractants to benefit crop protection.
Connectivity but not recruitment: Response of the fish community to a large‐scale flood on a heavily regulated floodplain
Authors: Cruz Derrick O. , Kingsford Richard T. , Suthers Iain M. , Rayner Thomas S. , Smith James A. , Arthington Angela H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent environmental flow management in the Murray–Darling basin, south‐eastern Australia, has centred on restoring natural flooding regimes to meet ecological requirements, including the promotion of native fish recruitment, despite uncertainty about the effectiveness of managed environmental flooding. This study investigated recruitment responses of small‐bodied native and non‐native fish species to a large natural flood, supported by managed environmental flows in the Macquarie Marshes of the Murray–Darling basin. We surveyed the fish community within the heavily regulated, dryland floodplain system of the marshes, the year after breaking of the Millennium drought (2002–2009). During the spring–summer of 2010, the Macquarie Marshes experienced a one‐in‐10‐year flood, sustained by two environmental flow allocations, flooding 174,000 ha of floodplain. Five native species were collected across the nine study sites. Two non‐native species were particularly abundant during the flood, outnumbering the five native species in a ratio of 32:1, with Gambusia holbrooki the most abundant species, comprising 87% of all native and non‐native individuals captured. There was no marked effect of flood stage on the total abundance of small‐bodied native or non‐native fishes, but the composition of the fish community varied between surveys of the rising and falling phases of the flood. We did not capture any larval or post‐larval fish despite using a variety of suitable sampling methods. The lack of larvae in the Macquarie Marshes, following extensive flooding, most likely reflected the overall poor condition of native fish communities and low standing stocks of mature fish, resulting from deleterious long‐term effects of flow regulation exacerbated by drought. A gradual rebuilding of ecosystem health, fish health, and resilient fish populations by active management of environmental flows to impose more natural boom and bust dynamics may be needed to restore fish reproduction and recruitment in this regulated river.
Komodo dragons are not ecological analogs of apex mammalian predators
Authors: Jessop Tim S. , Ariefiandy Achmad , Forsyth David M. , Purwandana Deni , White Craig R. , Benu Yunias Jackson , Madsen Thomas , Harlow Henry J. , Letnic Mike 
Published: January 2020

AbstractApex predators can have substantial and complex ecological roles in ecosystems. However, differences in species‐specific traits, population densities, and interspecific interactions are likely to determine the strength of apex predators’ roles. Here we report complementary studies examining how interactions between predator per capita metabolic rate and population density influenced the biomass, population energy use, and ecological effects of apex predators on their large mammalian prey. We first investigated how large mammal prey resources and field metabolic rates of terrestrial apex predators, comprising large mammals and the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), influenced their biomass densities and population energy use requirements. We next evaluated whether Komodo dragons, like apex mammalian predators, exerted top‐down regulation of their large mammal prey. Comparison of results from field studies demonstrates that Komodo dragons attain mean population biomass densities that are 5.75−231.82 times higher than that of apex mammalian predator species and their guilds in Africa, Asia, and North America. The high biomass of Komodo dragons resulted in 1.96−108.12 times greater population energy use than that of apex mammalian predators. Nevertheless, substantial temporal and spatial variation in Komodo dragon population energy use did not regulate the population growth rates of either of two large mammal prey species, rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) and wild pig (Sus scrofa). We suggest that multiple processes weaken the capacity of Komodo dragons to regulate large mammal prey populations. For example, a low per capita metabolic rate requiring an infrequent and inactive hunting strategy (including scavenging), would minimize lethal and nonlethal impacts on prey populations. We conclude that Komodo dragons differ in their predatory role from, including not being the ecological analogs of, apex mammalian predators.
The role of conflict framing and social identity in public opinion about land use change: An experimental test in the Australian context
Authors: Colvin R. M. , Witt G. Bradd , Lacey Justine , McCrea Rod 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDecision makers use public opinion as an indicator of social acceptance for land use changes. However, public opinion is informed by, inter alia, the media, which tends to “frame” issues of public interest in terms of social conflict rather than the substantive details of the issue. Previous research about the influence of conflict on public opinion about politics has yielded contradictory results about the effect of this “conflict framing.” Some studies have shown that conflict framing polarises public opinion, whereas others have found that it moderates public opinion. Similarly, there is no clear understanding of how conflict framing may affect public opinion about the social acceptance of land use changes. This study presents an experimental survey with a quota sample of the Australian population (n = 1,147) where fictional land use change headlines were manipulated to represent three levels of conflict framing (no conflict; conflict; and conflict between identified parties). The results showed that heightened conflict framing led to the strength of support or opposition for land use changes to become weaker. Importantly, these findings show that perceived social conflict can shape public opinion on land use change. As a consequence, public opinion may not represent genuine social acceptance of land use change in cases where conflict is pronounced in the media. This raises the need for attentiveness to disentangling the influence of conflict framing from the substantive issues of land use change.
Comparison of symptomatic and functional responses to vagus nerve stimulation in ANTHEM‐HF, INOVATE‐HF, and NECTAR‐HF
Authors: Anand Inder S. , Konstam Marvin A. , Klein Helmut U. , Mann Douglas L. , Ardell Jeffrey L. , Gregory Douglas D. , Massaro Joseph M. , Libbus Imad , DiCarlo Lorenzo A. , Udelson John James E. , Butler Javed , Parker John D. , Teerlink John R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsClinical studies of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction have had mixed results to date. We sought to compare VNS delivery and associated changes in symptoms and function in autonomic regulation therapy via left or right cervical vagus nerve stimulation in patients with chronic heart failure (ANTHEM‐HF), increase of vagal tone in heart failure (INOVATE‐HF), and neural cardiac therapy for heart failure (NECTAR‐HF) for hypothesis generation.Methods and resultsDescriptive statistics were used to analyse data from the public domain for differences in proportions using Pearson's chi‐square test, differences in mean values using Student's unpaired t‐test, and differences in changes of mean values using two‐sample t‐tests.Guideline‐directed medical therapy recommendations were similar across studies. Fewer patients were in New York Heart Association 3, and baseline heart rate (HR) was higher in ANTHEM‐HF. In INOVATE‐HF, VNS was aimed at peripheral neural targets, using closed‐loop delivery that required synchronization of VNS to R‐wave sensing by an intracardiac lead. Pulse frequency was low (1–2 Hz) because of a timing schedule allowing ≤3 pulses of VNS following at most 25% of detected R waves. NECTAR‐HF and ANTHEM‐HF used open‐loop VNS delivery (i.e. independent of any external signal) aimed at both central and peripheral targets. In NECTAR‐HF, VNS delivery at 20 Hz caused off‐target effects that limited VNS up‐titration in a majority of patients. In ANTHEM‐HF, VNS delivery at 10 Hz allowed up‐titration until changes in HR dynamics were confirmed. Six months after VNS titration, significant improvements in both HR and HR variability occurred only in ANTHEM‐HF. When ANTHEM‐HF and NECTAR‐HF were compared, greater improvements from baseline were observed in ANTHEM‐HF in standard deviation in normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals (94 ± 26 to 111 ± 50 vs. 146 ± 48 to 130 ± 52 ms; P < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (32 ± 7 to 37 ± 0.4 vs. 31 ± 6 to 33 ± 6; P < 0.05), and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure mean score (40 ± 14 to 21 ± 10 vs. 44 ± 22 to 36 ± 21; P < 0.002). When compared with INOVATE‐HF, greater improvement in 6‐min walk distance was observed in ANTHEM‐HF (287 ± 66 to 346 ± 78 vs. 304 ± 111 to 334 ± 111 m; P < 0.04).ConclusionsIn this post‐hoc analysis, differences in patient demographics were seen and may have caused the differential responses in symptoms and function observed in association with VNS. Major differences in technology platforms, neural targets, VNS delivery, and HR and HR variability responses could have also potentially played a very important role. Further study is underway in a randomized controlled trial with these considerations in mind.
Economic impact of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the ALDO‐DHF trial
Authors: Hashemi Djawid , Dettmann Ludwig , Trippel Tobias D. , Holzendorf Volker , Petutschnigg Johannes , Wachter Rolf , Hasenfuß Gerd , Pieske Burkert , Zapf Antonia , Edelmann Frank 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsAlthough heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a leading cause for hospitalization, its overall costs remain unclear.Therefore, we assessed the health care‐related costs of ambulatory HFpEF patients and the effect of spironolactone.Methods and resultsThe aldosterone receptor blockade in diastolic HF trial is a multicentre, prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial conducted between March 2007 and April 2011 at 10 sites in Germany and Austria that included 422 ambulatory patients [mean age: 67 years (standard deviation: 8); 52% women]. All subjects suffered from chronic New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II or III HF and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% or greater. They also showed evidence of diastolic dysfunction.Patients were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg of spironolactone once daily (n = 213) or matching placebo (n = 209) with 12 months of follow‐up. We used a single‐patient approach to explore the resulting general cost structure and included medication, number of general practitioner and cardiologist visits, and hospitalization in both acute and rehabilitative care facilities.The average annual costs per patient in this cohort came up to €1, 118 (±2,475), and the median costs were €332. We confirmed that the main cost factor was hospitalization and spironolactone did not affect the overall costs. We identified higher HF functional class (NYHA), male patients with low haemoglobin level, with high oxygen uptake (VO2max) and coronary artery disease, hyperlipidaemia, and atrial fibrillation as independent predictors for higher costs.ConclusionsIn this relatively young, oligosymptomatic, and with regard to the protocol without major comorbidities patient cohort, the overall costs are lower than expected compared with the HFrEF population. Further investigation is needed to investigate the impact of, for example, comorbidities and their effect over a longer period of time. Simultaneously, this analysis suggests that prevention of comorbidities are necessary to reduce costs in the health care system.
Synthesis of Ferrocene Based Naphthoquinones and its Application as Novel Non‐enzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Ertas Nevroz Aslan , Kavak Emrah , Salman Fırat , Kazici Hilal Celik , Kivrak Hilal , Kivrak Arif 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAt present, a highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor is fabricated by ferrocene based naphthaquinone derivatives as 2,3‐Diferrocenyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and 2‐bromo‐3‐ferrocenyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone. These ferrocene based naphthaquinone derivatives are characterized by H‐NMR and C‐NMR. The electrochemical properties of these ferrocene based naphthaquinone are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modified electrode with ferrocene based naphthaquinone derivatives exhibits an improved voltammetric response to the H2O2 redox reaction. 2‐bromo‐3‐ferrocenyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone show excellent non‐enzymatic sensing ability towards H2O2 response with a detection limitation of 2.7 μmol/L a wide detection range from 10 μM to 400 μM in H2O2 detection. The sensor also exhibits short response time (1 s) and good sensitivity of 71.4 μA mM−1 cm−2 and stability. Furthermore, the DPV method exhibited very high sensitivity (18999 μA mM−1 cm−2) and low detection limit (0.66 μM) compared to the CA method. Ferrocene based naphthaquinone derivative based sensors have a lower cost and high stability. Thus, this novel non‐enzyme sensor has potential application in H2O2 detection.
Enhancement in MS‐based peptide detection by microfluidic free‐flow zone electrophoresis
Authors: Kinde Tristan F. , Hess Natalie , Dutta Debashis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMatrix components are known to significantly alter the ionization of a target analyte in ESI‐based measurements particularly when working with complex biological samples. This issue however may be alleviated by extracting the analyte of interest from the original sample into a relatively simple matrix compatible with ESI mass‐spectrometric analysis. In this article, we report a microfluidic device that enables such extraction of small peptide molecules into an ESI‐compatible solvent stream significantly improving both the sensitivity and reproducibility of the measurements. The reported device realizes this analyte extraction capability based on the free‐flow zone electrophoretic fractionation process using a set of internal electrodes placed across the width of the analysis channel. Employing lateral electric fields and separation distances of 75 V/cm and 600 µm, respectively, efficient extraction of the model peptide human angiotensin II was demonstrated allowing a reduction in its detection limit by one to three orders of magnitude using the ESI‐MS method. The noted result was obtained in our experiments both for a relatively simple specimen comprising DNA strands and angiotensin II as well as for human serum samples spiked with the same model peptide.
River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics Selected papers from the 10th anniversary of the RCEM Symposium
Authors: Zolezzi Guido , Carniello Luca , D'Alpaos Andrea , Lanzoni Stefano , Tubino Marco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis Special Issue collects 17 selected contributions from participants to the 10th edition of the RCEM (River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics) Symposium, organized in Padova‐Trento (Italy) in September 2017. The series of biennial RCEM symposia has the key goal of enhancing interaction and promoting integration among the scientific communities focused on the morphological dynamics of river, coastal and estuarine environments, through various combinations of theoretical, observational, experimental and modelling approaches. The 17 contributions to this Special Issue contain four state‐of‐science reviews and overall offer a broad view of the cross‐cutting perspective adopted when addressing morphodynamics. Such a perspective accounts for the mutual interplay between morphology, fluid dynamics and other environmental factors, and has presently become a widespread paradigm to address landscape evolution. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.