bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupation and small bowel adenocarcinoma: a European case-control study
Authors: Kaerlev Linda , Teglbjaerg Peter Stubbe , Sabroe Svend , Kolstad Henrik A , Ahrens Wolfgang , Eriksson Mikael , González Agustin Llopis , Guénel Pascal , Hardell Lennart , Launoy Guy , Merler Enzo , Merletti Franco , Suárez-Varela María M Morales , Stang Andreas 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESBecause of the rarity of small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA), little is known about the aetiology of this disease. This study aimed to identify occupational clustering of cases SBA as a systematic approach to new hypotheses on the aetiology of this disease.METHODSA European multicentre case-control study was conducted in 1995–7, inclusive. Incident cases aged 35–69 years with SBA (n=168) were recruited before acceptance by a pathologist. Altogether 107 cases and 3915 controls were accepted, of which 79 cases, 579 colon cancer controls, and 2070 population controls were interviewed.RESULTSThe strongest industrial risk factors for SBA taking account of 10 years' exposure lag were dry cleaning, manufacture of workwear, mixed farming (women), and manufacture of motor vehicles (men). A significantly increased risk of SBA (odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI)) was found among men employed as building caretakers, OR 6.7 (1.7 to 26.0) and women employed as housekeepers, OR 2.2 (1.1 to 4.9); general farm labourers, OR 4.7 (1.8 to 12.2); dockers, OR 2.9 (1.0 to 8.2); dry cleaners or launderers, OR 4.1 (1.2 to 13.6); and textile workers (sewers or embroiders), OR 2.6 (1.0 to 6.8). For the last four groups, together with welders OR 2.7 (1.1 to 6.6) (men) an exposure-response pattern was found when calculating the ORs for jobs held 1–5 years and >5 years, with never having held the job as reference. The ORs (95% CIs) for 1–5 years and >5 years were 4.3 (0.4 to 44.0) and 3.5 (0.9 to 13.7), 3.0 (0.3 to 26.2) and 4.3 (0.9 to 21.2), 4.6 (0.4 to 48.1) and 11.0 (2.0 to 60.4), 1.3 (0.2 to 11.0) and 5.8 (2.0 to 17.2), and 2.8 (0.3 to 23.8) and 4.6 (1.3 to 16.6), respectively, for each of these occupations. Among welders, people performing semiautomatic arc welding (MIG/MAG) were identified as a high risk group (OR 5.0 (1.3 to 19.6)).CONCLUSIONSThis explorative study suggests an increased occurrence of SBA in certain occupations, which needs further evaluation.
Occupational exposures and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ojajärvi I Anneli , Partanen Timo J , Ahlbom Anders , Boffetta Paolo , Hakulinen Timo , Jourenkova Nadia , Kauppinen Timo P , Kogevinas Manolis , Porta Miquel , Vainio Harri U , Weiderpass Elisabete , Wesseling Catharina H 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESConsolidation of epidemiological data on pancreatic cancer and worksite exposures.METHODSPublications during 1969–98 were surveyed. Studies without verified exposures were excluded. Meta-analyses were conducted on data from 92 studies covering 161 populations, with results for 23 agents or groups of agents. With a standard format, five epidemiologists extracted risk estimates and variables of the structure and quality of each study. The extracted data were centrally checked. Random meta-models were applied.RESULTSBased on 20 populations, exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC) solvents and related compounds was associated with a meta-risk ratio (MRR) of 1.4 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.0 to 1.8). Nickel and nickel compounds were considered in four populations (1.9; 1.2 to 3.2). Excesses were found also for chromium and chromium compounds (1.4; 0.9 to 2.3), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (1.5; 0.9 to 2.5), organochlorine insecticides (1.5; 0.6 to 3.7), silica dust (1.4; 0.9 to 2.0), and aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents (1.3; 0.8 to 2.8). Evidence on pancreatic carcinogenicity was weak or non-positive for the following agents: acrylonitrile (1.1; 0.0 to 6.2); arsenic (1.0; 0.6 to 1.5); asbestos (1.1; 0.9 to 1.5); diesel engine exhaust (1.0; 0.9 to 1.3); electromagnetic fields (1.1; 0.8 to 1.4); formaldehyde (0.8; 0.5 to 1.0); flour dust (1.1; 0.3 to 3.2); cadmium and cadmium compounds (0.7; 0.4 to 1.4); gasoline (1.0; 0.8 to 1.2); herbicides (1.0; 0.8 to 1.3); iron and iron compounds (1.3; 0.7 to 2.5); lead and lead compounds (1.1; 0.8 to 1.5); man-made vitreous fibres (1.0; 0.6 to 1.6); oil mist (0.9; 0.8 to 1.0); and wood dust (1.1; 0.9 to 2.5). The occupational aetiological fraction of pancreatic cancer was estimated at 12%. In a subpopulation exposed to CHC solvents and related compounds, it was 29%; to chromium and chromium compounds, 23%; to nickel and nickel compounds, 47%; to insecticides, 33%; and to PAHs, 33%.CONCLUSIONOccupational exposures may increase risk of pancreatic cancer. High quality studies are called for on interactions between occupational, environmental, and lifestyle factors as well as interactions between genes and the environment.
Exposure to cold and draught, alcohol consumption, and the NS-phenotype are associated with chronic bronchitis: an epidemiological investigation of 3387 men aged 53–75 years: the Copenhagen Male Study
Authors: Suadicani P , Hein H O , Meyer H W , Gyntelberg F 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVESThis study was performed to estimate the strength of association between chronic bronchitis and lifetime exposure to occupational factors, current lifestyle, and the NS-phenotype in the MNS blood group among middle aged and elderly men.METHODSThe study was carried out within the frameworks of the Copenhagen Male Study. Of 3387 men 3331 men with a mean age of 63 (range 53–75) years could be classified by prevalence of chronic bronchitis. As well as the completion of a large questionnaire on health, lifestyle, and working conditions, all participants had a thorough examination, including measurements of height and weight and blood pressure and a venous blood sample was taken for the measurement of serum cotinine and MNS typing; 16.5% of the men had the NS-phenotype. Chronic bronchitis was defined as cough and phlegm lasting 3 months or more for at least 2 years; 14.6% had chronic bronchitis.RESULTSSmoking and smoke inhalation were the factors most strongly associated with prevalence of chronic bronchitis. There were three major new findings: (a) long term (>5 years) occupational exposure to cold and draught was associated with a significantly increased prevalence of chronic bronchitis; compared with others, and adjusted for confounders, the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7), p=0.004; (b) a significant J shaped association existed between alcohol use and bronchitis, p<0.001, with the lowest prevalence found among moderate users; (c) a significant gene by environment association existed between smoking and the NS-phenotype in the MNS blood group; only among smokers was the NS-phenotype associated with a significantly decreased risk of chronic bronchitis, OR 0.67 (0.47-0.97), p=0.02. Other well known associations between dust, fumes, and even exposure to solvents and bronchitis were confirmed.CONCLUSIONThe results emphasise the multifactorial nature of chronic bronchitis, and show some hitherto unrecognised associations between cold and draught exposure, alcohol consumption, and the NS-phenotype and chronic bronchitis.
Physical, psychosocial, and organisational factors relative to sickness absence: a study based on Sweden Post
Authors: Voss M , Floderus B , Diderichsen F 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVETo analyse incidence of sickness for women and men relative to potential aetiological factors at work—physical, psychosocial, and organisational.METHODSThe study group comprised 1557 female and 1913 male employees of Sweden Post. Sickness absence was measured by incidence of sickness (sick leave events and person-days at risk). Information on explanatory factors was obtained by a postal questionnaire, and incidence of sickness was based on administrative files of the company.RESULTSComplaints about heavy lifting and monotonous movements were associated with increased risk of high incidence of sickness among both women and men. For heavy lifting, an odds ratio (OR) of 1.70 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.22 to 2.39) among women, and OR 1.70 (1.20 to 2.41) among men was found. For monotonous movements the risk estimates were OR 1.42 (1.03 to 1.97) and OR 1.45 (1.08 to 1.95) for women and men, respectively. Working instead of taking sick leave when ill, was more prevalent in the group with a high incidence of sickness (OR 1.74 (1.30 to 2.33) for women, OR 1.60 (1.22 to 2.10) for men). Overtime work of more than 50 hours a year was linked with low incidence of sickness for women and men. Among women, 16% reported bullying at the workplace, which was linked with a doubled risk of high incidence of sickness (OR 1.91 (1.31 to 2.77)). For men, the strongest association was found for those reporting anxiety about reorganisation of the workplace (OR 1.93 (1.34 to 2.77)).CONCLUSIONSCertain physical, psychosocial, and organisational factors were important determinants of incidence of sickness, independently of each other. Some of the associations were sex specific.
Increased morbidity from nasopharyngeal carcinoma and chronic pharyngitis or sinusitis among workers at a newspaper printing company
Authors: Liu Y-H , Du C-L , Lin C-T , Chan C-C , Chen C-J , Wang J-D 
Published: July 2002

Objectives: To determine the association between printing works and nasopharygeal carcinoma as well as other diseases.Methods: Demographic data were obtained for those who had worked in a particular newspaper company since its establishment in 1950. Through access to the data bank of the hospital records of the Labor Insurance Bureau for 1985–94, all workers were identified who had been admitted to hospital during their employment in the newspaper company. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to estimate the adjusted morbidity odds ratio (OR) for various diseases among the printing workers with cardiovascular diseases as the reference diseases. Biopsy specimens from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were all subjected to in situ hybridisation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and colocalisation of EBV and secretor component protein.Results: Of the 1564 people who had worked in this company, 579 of them were admitted to hospital at least once. Five out of 144 printing workers admitted to hospital were diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with none of the other 435 non-printing workers admitted to hospital. The morbidity OR for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in printing workers was 57.0 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.8 to 1155.3). The morbidity OR for benign skin tumours was 28.0 (95% CI 2.7 to 293.1). Chronic pharyngitis or sinusitis also showed significant relations with printing works with a morbidity OR 29.4 (95% CI 1.7 to 514.7). Using all other diseases as the reference diseases for calculation of morbidity ORs still showed a similar trend. In situ hybridisation of EBV encoded small nuclear RNA-1 (EBER-1) showed tumour cells free of the EBV in each biopsy specimen. Colocalisation of EBER-1 and secretor component showed that some tumour cells contained both secretor component and EBV signal in each case.Conclusion: Printing works are associated with an increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, benign skin tumours, chronic pharyngitis or sinusitis, chronic liver diseases, and mechanical injuries. Induction of the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is probably not related to EBV infection in these patients.
Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination: patient perceptions
Authors: Findlay Paul F , Gibbons Y M , Primrose W R , Ellis G , Downie G 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The efficacy of the influenza vaccine in reducing mortality and hospital admissions is established, particularly in the elderly. However, up to 50% of those at risk do not receive the vaccine. These patients are also at risk from pneumococcal infection and there is considerable overlap between the target group for each vaccine.
This study sought to identify at risk individuals from consecutive admissions to an acute geriatric unit and to gain an insight into their perceptions with regard to vaccination. The awareness of each vaccine was recorded, together with the vaccination history.
Seventy four per cent of the final cohort had heard of the influenza vaccine, while only 13% had heard of the pneumococcal vaccine. Fifty per cent perceived themselves to be at risk from influenza and its complications and 87% of the cohort believed it to be a serious infection.
Influenza vaccine was judged to confer good protection by 72% of the sample and yet up to 50% believed that the vaccine can make the recipient ill.
Influenza is perceived as a serious infection by patients and yet many do not believe themselves to be at particular risk. Although influenza vaccination is believed to confer protection, the decision whether, or not, to accept the vaccine is coloured by many factors, including popular myths and anecdotal information from friends and relatives. The uptake of influenza vaccine is suboptimal and the awareness of the pneumococcal vaccine certainly in the elderly is poor. The need for a comprehensive nationwide education campaign promoting both influenza and pneumococcal vaccine is highlighted.
Changing face of adult coeliac disease: experience of a single university hospital in South Yorkshire
Authors: Sanders D S , Hurlstone D P , Stokes R O , Rashid F , Milford-Ward A , Hadjivassiliou M , Lobo A J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract

Objective
To determine the incidence and presenting features of adult coeliac disease in a single university hospital in South Yorkshire.

Design
A retrospective case finding study. Data were obtained from pathology and immunology databases, clinical notes, dietetic records, and patient questionnaires.

Setting
Royal Hallamshire Hospital in South Yorkshire, England.

Participants
All recorded cases of coeliac disease.
Main outcome measures: Crude annual incidence rates for coeliac disease was obtained. The numbers of coeliac antibody profiles requested per year from the Royal Hallamshire Hospital were ascertained. Age at diagnosis, sex, year of diagnosis, presenting symptoms, associated conditions, and delay in diagnosis was documented. In addition the specialty of the clinician who made the diagnosis was noted.

Results
There were 264 cases in total (male n=86, ratio 1:2). Mean age at diagnosis was 44.9 years (range 1–82, median 44.5). A trend was observed from 1990 to 2000 inclusive, of an annual increase in the incidence of coeliac disease. There has been a coincidental increase in the measurement of associated antibodies. Although 28.4% of patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, 20.1% had iron deficiency anaemia. The ratio of typical to atypical symptoms was 1:2.5. (single sample test of proportions p&lt;0.001). The diagnosis was made by a gastroenterologist in only 52.7% of cases. The median duration of symptoms before the diagnosis of coeliac disease was 4.9 years (range 0.25–16 years).

Conclusion
Coeliac disease is now presenting more commonly without gastrointestinal symptoms and often to specialties other than gastroenterology. Although more cases are diagnosed, this may be a reflection of increasing recognition rather than a true increase in incidence.
News media coverage of smoking and health is associated with changes in population rates of smoking cessation but not initiation
Authors: Pierce John P , Gilpin Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVETo determine whether changes in news media coverage of smoking and health issues are associated with changes in smoking behaviour in the USA.DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESIssue importance in the US news media is assessed by the number of articles published annually in major magazines indexed inThe Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature. Annual incidence rates for cessation and initiation in the USA were computed from the large, representative National Health Interview Surveys (1965–1992). Patterns in cessation incidence were considered for ages 20–34 years and 35–50 years. Initiation incidence was examined for adolescents (14–17 years) and young adults (18–21 years) of both sexes.RESULTSFrom 1950 to the early 1980s, the annual incidence of cessation in the USA mirrored the pattern of news media coverage of smoking and health, particularly for middle aged smokers. Cessation rates in younger adults increased considerably when secondhand smoke concerns started to increase in the US population. Incidence of initiation in young adults did not start to decline until the beginning of the public health campaign against smoking in the 1960s. Among adolescents, incidence rates did not start to decline until the 1970s, after the broadcast ban on cigarette advertising.CONCLUSIONSThe level of coverage of smoking and health in the news media may play an important role in determining the rate of population smoking cessation, but not initiation. In countries where cessation has lagged, advocates should work to increase the newsworthiness of smoking and health issues.
Is the standard compliance check protocol a valid measure of the accessibility of tobacco to underage smokers?
Authors: DiFranza Joseph R , Savageau Judith A , Bouchard Joseph 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVETo determine if the standard compliance check protocol is a valid measure of the experience of underage smokers when purchasing tobacco in unfamiliar communities.SETTING160 tobacco outlets in eight Massachusetts communities where underage tobacco sales laws are vigorously enforced.PROCEDURECompleted purchase rates were compared between underage smokers who behaved normally and inexperienced non-smoking youths who were not allowed to lie or present proof of age (ID).RESULTSThe “smoker protocol” increased the likelihood of a sale nearly sixfold over that for the non-smokers (odds ratio (OR) 5.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 22). When the youths presented an ID with an underage birth date, the odds of a completed sale increased dramatically (OR 27, 95% CI 3.4 to 212). Clerks judged to be under 21 years of age were seven times more likely to make an illegal sale (OR 7.6, 95% CI 2.4 to 24.0).CONCLUSIONSCommonly used compliance check protocols are too artificial to reflect accurately the experience of underage smokers. The validity of compliance checks might be improved by having youths present ID, and by employing either tobacco users, or non-tobacco users who are sufficiently experienced to mimic the self confidence exhibited by tobacco users in this situation. Consideration should be given to prohibiting the sale of tobacco by individuals under 21 years of age.
Cigar magazines: using tobacco to sell a lifestyle
Authors: Wenger Lynn D , Malone Ruth E , George Annie , Bero Lisa A 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVETo assess the content of two cigar “lifestyle” magazines,Cigar AficionadoandSmoke.DESIGNContent analysis of cigar focused articles.SUBJECTSCigar focused articles (n = 353) fromCigar AficionadoandSmoke magazines.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESPrimary focus; mention of health effects, environmental tobacco smoke, or scientific research; quotation and description of individuals; characteristics such as sex, age, ethnicity, smoking status, affiliation, and stance towards cigars; and overall image of cigars.RESULTSCigar business-focused articles were the largest category (40%, n = 143), followed by articles about cigar events (12%, n = 42). Notable were articles featuring cigar benefits to raise money for health charities. Celebrities were featured in 34% (n = 121) of articles and 96% (n = 271) favoured cigar use. Only four (1%) articles featured health effects of cigars as a primary focus.CONCLUSIONSCigar AficionadoandSmokebroke new ground in tobacco marketing by combining promotion of product, lifestyle, and industry in the same vehicle and linking the medium directly to product related events that extended its reach. The creation and marketing of new tobacco use sites challenges the increasing “isolation” of smokers, and positions cigar use as a socially welcome relief from restrictions. Public health advocates should anticipate and challenge other new tobacco marketing vehicles as communications technologies advance and public spaces for smoking shrink.
DIAGONAL CROSSED PRODUCTS BY DUALS OF QUASI-QUANTUM GROUPS
Authors: HAUSSER FRANK , NILL FLORIAN 
Published: July 2002

A two-sided coaction [Formula: see text] of a Hopf algebra [Formula: see text] on an associative algebra ℳ is an algebra map of the form [Formula: see text] , where (λ,ρ) is a commuting pair of left and right [Formula: see text] -coactions on ℳ, respectively. Denoting the associated commuting right and left actions of the dual Hopf algebra [Formula: see text] on ℳ by ◃ and ▹, respectively, we define the diagonal crossed product[Formula: see text] to be the algebra generated by ℳ and [Formula: see text] with relations given by [Formula: see text] We give a natural generalization of this construction to the case where [Formula: see text] is a quasi-Hopf algebra in the sense of Drinfeld and, more generally, also in the sense of Mack and Schomerus (i.e. where the coproduct Δ is non-unital). In these cases our diagonal crossed product will still be an associative algebra structure on [Formula: see text] extending [Formula: see text], even though the analogue of an ordinary crossed product [Formula: see text] in general is not well defined as an associative algebra. Applications of our formalism include the field algebra constructions with quasi-quantum group symmetry given by G. Mack and V. Schomerus [31, 47] as well as the formulation of Hopf spin chains or lattice current algebras based on truncated quantum groups at roots of unity. In the case [Formula: see text] and λ=ρ=Δ we obtain an explicit definition of the quantum double [Formula: see text] for quasi-Hopf algebras [Formula: see text] , which before had been described in the form of an implicit Tannaka–Krein reconstruction procedure by S. Majid [35]. We prove that [Formula: see text] is itself a (weak) quasi-bialgebra and that any diagonal crossed product [Formula: see text] naturally admits a two-sided [Formula: see text] -coaction. In particular, the above-mentioned lattice models always admit the quantum double [Formula: see text] as a localized cosymmetry, generalizing results of Nill and Szlachányi [42]. A complete proof that [Formula: see text] is even a (weak) quasi-triangular quasi-Hopf algebra will be given in a separate paper [27].
PROJECTIVITY CRITERION OF MOISHEZON SPACES AND DENSITY OF PROJECTIVE SYMPLECTIC VARIETIES
Authors: NAMIKAWA YOSHINORI 
Published: July 2002

A Moishezon manifold is a projective manifold if and only if it is a Kähler manifold [13]. However, a singular Moishezon space is not generally projective even if it is a Kähler space [14]. Vuono [19] has given a projectivity criterion for Moishezon spaces with isolated singularities. In this paper we shall prove that a Moishezon space with 1-rational singularities is projective when it is a Kähler space (Theorem 1.6). We shall use Theorem 1.6 to show the density of projective symplectic varieties in the Kuranishi family of a (singular) symplectic variety (Theorem 2.4), which is a generalization of the result by Fujiki [4, Theorem 4.8] to the singular case. In the Appendix we give a supplement and a correction to the previous paper [15] where singular symplectic varieties are dealt with.