bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 in adult patients with pre-existing chronic cardiac, respiratory and metabolic disease: a critical literature review with clinical recommendations
Authors: Flaherty Gerard Thomas , Hession Paul , Liew Chee Hwui , Lim Bryan Chang Wei , Leong Tan Kok , Lim Victor , Sulaiman Lokman Hakim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
A high burden of severe disease and death from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been consistently observed in older patients, especially those with pre-existing medical co-morbidities. The global pandemic lockdown has isolated many patients with chronic illnesses from their routine medical care. This narrative review article analyses the multitude of issues faced by individuals with underlying medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Sources for this publication were identified through searches of PubMed for articles published between 31st December 2019 and 4th June 2020, using combinations of search terms. Guidelines and updates from reputable agencies were also consulted. Only articles published in the English language were included.

Results
The volume of literature on COVID-19 continues to expand, with 17,845 articles indexed on PubMed by 4th June 2020, 130 of which were deemed particularly relevant to the subject matter of this review. Older patients are more likely to progress to severe COVID-19 disease requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, especially hypertension and coronary heart disease, are at greatly increased risk of developing severe and fatal COVID-19 disease. A controversial aspect of the management of COVID-19 disease has been the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Obese COVID-19 patients are more likely to require complex ICU management. Putative mechanisms of increased COVID-19 disease severity in diabetes include hyperglycaemia, altered immune function, sub-optimal glycaemic control during hospitalisation, a pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory state. Patients with mental health disorders are particularly vulnerable to social isolation, and this has been compounded by the suspension of non-emergency care in hospitals around the world, making it difficult for patients with chronic mental illness to attend outpatient appointments.

Conclusions
The global pandemic of COVID-19 disease has had a disproportionately negative impact on patients living with chronic medical illness. Future research should be directed at efforts to protect vulnerable patients from possible further waves of COVID-19 and minimising the negative impact of pandemic mitigation strategies on these individuals.
Public knowledge about Alzheimer disease in Mecca Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alhumaidi Faisal Salem , Siddiqui Muhammad Irfanullah , Altowairqi Abdulaziz Fahad , Alshawkani Hattan Hassan , Babkour Bashar Omar , Alaugla Fahad Khalid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Raising the general population knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for optimizing care and ultimately enhancing the quality of life of people diagnosed and their caregivers.

Aim
To assess knowledge among the general population in Makkah Region about symptoms, diagnosis, causes, course, life impact, care giving, and management of Alzheimer disease.

Material and methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during July to August 2018 in three main cities of Makkah Region, i.e., Makkah, Jeddah, and Taif, Saudi Arabia. Two to three mosques and/or malls were selected randomly from a list of all mosques and malls in each city, and then every fifth subject was selected using a systematic random technique, entering the mall or getting out from the mosques. Both genders, aged 18 years or more and able to understand Arabic were included. Valid and reliable Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) was used to assess knowledge about the diseases, in addition to socio-demographic characteristics of the participants.

Results
The study included 862 adult participants. Their age ranged between 18 and 65 years with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 31.2 ± 10.3 years. History of having a relative with Alzheimer’s disease was mentioned by 20.8% of the participants. Overall, the percentage of total Alzheimer’s disease knowledge score ranged between 26.7 and 100% with a mean of 58.5%, median of 60%, mode of 56.7%, and standard deviation of ± 11.5%. There was a significant positive correlation between participant’s age and their knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s disease (Spearman’s correlation coefficient “r” = 0.099, p = 0.004). The highest known subscale of Alzheimer’s disease was assessment (mean percentage was 62.21%), followed by treatment (62.09), care giving (61.83%) and course of the disease (60.99%) whereas the lowest known subscale was symptoms (53.25%). Participants who reported a history of having a relative with Alzheimer’s disease were more knowledgeable regarding symptoms than those who did not had such history (mean ranks were 470.48 and 421.28, respectively), p = 0.014.

Conclusion
Knowledge of the general population in Makkah Region is deficient, particularly regarding symptoms, risk factors and life impacts. Therefore, health education campaigns are required for general public in this regards.
Prevalence of internal carotid artery morphological variations and its association with cerebrovascular ischemic stroke (hospital-based study)
Authors: AboElfetouh Noha , Khedr Eman , Aboloyoun Hesham , Nageeb Mahmoud , Nasreldein Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and objectives
Morphological variations (MV) in the course of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are commonly identified. Their prevalence and relationship with ischemic stroke (IS) remain unclear. The present study attempted to estimate the prevalence and pattern of MV of ICA among Egyptian patients and to detect whether these MV associated with increased risk of IS or not.

Methods
Out of the recruited 550 acute ischemic stroke patients, 102 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in our study. Each patient was subjected to detailed history including risk factors and clinical assessment using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, mRS, and extracranial duplex ultrasound (US) assessment.

Results
Eleven patients out of 102 (10.8%) showed MV in their ICA course, 6 of them were women and 5 were men. These MV were unilateral in 90.9% (10/11) of cases and more in the left ICA (72.7%), while one case (9.1%) showed MV of both ICA. The commonest pattern of MV was tortuosity in 7 cases (63.6%) and kinking in 4 cases (36.4%). The history of previous IS and TIA was recorded in 9.1% of patients with MV in ICA for each group, while the history of IS was recorded in 13.2% of patients without MV and TIA in 4.3% patients without MV in ICA. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups.

Conclusion
The prevalence of MV in the present study is 10.8%. MV are more frequent in women and older patients and are not associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke.
Definition of selection criterion using correlation and path coefficient analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes
Authors: Saleh Maysoun M. , Salem Khaled F. M. , Elabd Abdelmoaty B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveInvestigation on genetic variability and correlation study between yield and its components of genotypes on rice may increase the opportunity to exploit its potential which will help meet the demand of high grain yield and nutrition supply. The current study aimed to determine correlation and path coefficients between twenty-two Egyptian and exotic rice genotypes to establish selection criteria which might help to develop genotypes for high yielding.Materials and methodsTwenty-two Egyptian and exotic rice genotypes were evaluated through seven agronomic traits. Agronomic data were collected during the two successive rice growing seasons, 2017 and 2018. The matrix of phenotypic correlations was estimated and analyzed into direct and indirect effects through path coefficient analysis.ResultsResults showed that grain yield per plant had a high positive and significant correlation (p ≤ 0.01) with panicle number per plant, full grain number per panicle, and 1000 grain weight, 0.791**, 0.670**, and0.766**, respectively. As expected, there was a negative correlation (p ≤ 0.05) between days to heading and panicle number per plant (r = – 0.496*) and with1000 grain weight (r = – 0.433*). Path coefficient analysis showed that despite high positive and significant correlation (p ≤ 0.01) between grain yield per plant and many variables, a small number of these correlations was verified to have a relationship of cause and effect. Variables with positive and significant correlation and with a high direct effect on grain yield per plant were 1000 grain weight (0.5107 direct effects) followed by panicle number per plant (0.4003), and full grain number per panicle (0.3028).ConclusionThe three traits (1000 grain weight, panicle number per plant, and full grain number per panicle) are the most important variables for use in grain yield per plant assessment programs as selection indices because they have positive and significant correlations and direct and/or indirect effect on the correlation value of the increased rice grain yield production. Hence, for increasing grain yield, the direct selection of genotypes based on positively correlated traits will be more fruitful while planning any rice breeding program to achieve higher grain yield in rice.
The influence of suture materials on the biomechanical behavior of suture-meniscal specimens: a comparative study in a porcine model
Authors: Matthews John Reza , Wang Jiefei , Zhao Jiwei , Kluczynski Melissa A. , Bisson Leslie J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Repair of a meniscal tear is indicated in certain conditions. Despite extensive research on the biomechanics of various repair methods, there has been minimal investigation of whether the suture material influences the meniscal-suture construct. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of nine different suture materials under cyclic and load-to-failure conditions.

Methods
Ninety porcine menisci were randomly allocated to simple suture placement using either Ultrabraid®, Ultratape®, Magnum Wire®, TigerWire®, TigerTape®, LabralTape®, Orthocord®, 0 FiberWire®, or 2-0 FiberWire®. Each suture-meniscus specimen underwent cyclic loading followed by load-to-failure testing. Elongation, maximum load to failure, stiffness, and mode of failure were recorded and compared between each suture type using non-parametric testing. Mean ± standard deviation was reported and the statistical significance was p < 0.05.

Results
Elongation during cyclic loading was lowest with 2-0 FiberWire (0.95 ± 0.17 mm); this value was statistically significantly different than the results for all other sutures except 0 FiberWire® (1.09 ± 0.17 mm, p = 0.79), TigerWire® (1.09 ± 0.29 mm, p = 0.85), TigerTape® (1.39 ± 0.29 mm, p = 0.08), and LabralTape® (1.20 ± 0.33 mm, p = 0.41). The highest elongation was seen with Ultrabraid® (1.91 ± 0.34 mm); this value was statistically significantly greater than the results for all other suture materials except Orthocord® (1.59 mm ± 0.31 mm, p = 0.46) and Magnum Wire® (1.43 ± 0.25 mm, p = 0.14). Load to failure was highest for TigerTape® (287.43 ± 41.15 N), and this result was statistically significantly different than the results for all other sutures except LabralTape® (271.34 ± 48.48 N, p = 0.99) and TigerWire® (251.03 ± 25.8 N, p = 0.51). Stiffness was highest for LabralTape® (195.77 ± 49.06 N/mm), and this result was statistically significantly different than the results for all other sutures except TigerWire® (186.49 ± 19.83 N/mm, p = 0.45) and TigerTape® (173.35 ± 15.60 N/mm, p = 0.19). The majority of sutures failed by pullout (n = 46, 51%) or tearing (n = 40, 45%).

Conclusion
Suture design and material affect the biomechanical behavior of porcine meniscal-suture specimens. LabralTape®, TigerWire®, and TigerTape® demonstrated better overall combinations of low elongation, high maximum load to failure, and high stiffness.
MR defecography in ano-rectal dysfunction: a clinical-radiological correlation study
Authors: Saraya Samira , Awad Ahmed , EL Bakry Rehab El 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this work is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MR defecography in ano-rectal dysfunction [ARD] for proper treatment planning.

Results
MR defecography was done to 30 patients with ARD for detection of its functional and structural causes. Increased perineal descent was detected in 70% of cases, rectocele in 46.7%, rectal intussusception in 40%, cystocele in 26.7%, uterine prolapse in 27.7%, enterocele in 13.3%, and paradoxical puborectalis contraction in 30%.

Conclusion
MR defecography is an essential diagnostic tool for optimum management of ano-rectal dysfunction patients.
Impact of narcissistic personality disorder on cognitive organizational cynicism with mediating role of psychological capital in selected hospitals of Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Sabir Irfan , Hussain Shahbaz , Majid Muhammad Bilal , Rehman Asad-ur , Sarwar Arslan , Nawaz Farooq 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this research work was to analyze the narcissism personality disorder in nurses and their impact on cognitive organizational cynicism with mediating role of psychological capital.

Design/methodology/approach
In the current study, constructs developed from existing theories, generate hypotheses, adopt strategies for data collection and perform test to prove the proposed hypothesis. The nursing carder is the unit of analysis in this research study. Descriptive statistics, correction, and mediation analysis through Baron and Kenny’s were performed for analysis.

Findings
This research concludes narcissism personality disorder has significant positive association with cognitive organizational cynicism. The role of psychological capital is mediating to minimize the negative employee’s behavior toward their bosses and organization.

Practical implications
In the light of findings, the current research work has implications at individual and organization levels. This research work will become as foundation stone to formulate strategies to overcome the organization cynicism in nursing profession. Furthermore, the organization formulates selection process more affective to find those candidates having narcissism disorder.

Originality/value
The current research work is designated first study to evaluate the relationship between narcissistic personality disorder and cognitive organization cynicism with mediating role of psychological capital in Pakistan.
Psychological distress and sleep problems when people are under interpersonal isolation during an epidemic: A nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Shu , Zhang Yuan , Ding Wei , Meng Yao , Hu Huiting , Liu Zhenhua , Zeng Xianwei , Wang Minzhong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background.
During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people are under the dual pressure of interpersonal isolation and concerns about infection. An evaluation of people’s psychological status and risk factors is needed to conduct target interventions.

Methods.
This was a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study using quota and snowball sampling methods during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Participants’ characteristics and experiences were obtained by an online questionnaire and telephone review. Psychological distress and sleep problems were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Insomnia Severity Index.

Results.
A total of 23,500 participants were recruited, and 19,372 valid questionnaires were received from 11 centers. Overall, 11.0–13.3% of the participants had anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms, and 1.9–2.7% had severe symptoms. The prevalence of psychological and sleep problems has increased. Working as frontline medical staff (Odds Ratio OR = 3.406), living in Hubei Province (OR = 2.237), close contacts with COVID-19 (OR = 1.808), and age 35–49 years (OR = 1.310) were risk factors for anxiety symptoms; no outside activity for 2 weeks (OR = 2.167) and age 35–49 years (OR = 1.198) were risk factors for depression symptoms; and living in Hubei Province (OR = 2.376), no outside activity for 2 weeks (OR = 1.927), and age 35–49 years (OR = 1.262) were risk factors for insomnia symptoms. Only 1.9% of participants received counseling during the epidemic.

Conclusions.
Psychological and sleep problems increased during interpersonal isolation due to COVID-19. Current psychological interventions are far from sufficient.
Determinants of newborn care utilization in Pakistan: Findings from the Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Pongpanich Sathirakorn , Ghaffar Abdul , Ghaffar Najma , Majid Hafiz Abdul 
Published: August 2020

Background: Information on determinants of postpartum care is essential for public health action, yet this information is scarce in Pakistan. Hence, the current study aimed to determine the factors of newborn postpartum care utilization from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys conducted from 2006–2018. Methods: We analyzed data from three rounds of cross-sectional, nationally representative Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (PDHS) 2006–07, 2012–13, and 2017–18. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explore factors associated with utilization of newborn postpartum care within two months. Results: This study included 5724 women from the 2006–07 PDHS, 7461 from the 2012–13 survey, and 8287 from the 2017–18 survey. The proportion of women receiving newborn postnatal care within the first two months of delivery increased from 13% in 2006–07 to 43% in 2012–13 but dropped to 27% in 2017–18. Respondent’s occupation and prenatal care utilization of maternal health services were common factors that significantly influenced newborn postnatal care utilization within two months. The utilization of postnatal care was greater among women having educated husbands and where the first child was a male in PDHS 2007 round. Higher wealth index and educated respondent had higher postnatal care utilization odds in DHS 2012 and DHS 2018. However, the odds of using postnatal care decreased with the number of household members and total number of children ever born in DHS 2012 and 2018 rounds. Conclusions: There was a general increase in the proportion of women who utilized postnatal care for their newborns during 2006–2013 but a decrease in 2018. The decreased utilization in 2018 warrants further investigation. Improving women’s economic status, education, employment, and antenatal care attendance and reducing parity may increase newborn postnatal care utilization.
Design of a high-precision, 0.5  m aperture Cassegrain collimator
Authors: Karcı Ozgur , Ekinci Mustafa 
Published: August 2020

We present the realization of a high-precision, 0.5 m aperture size Cassegrain collimator system. The optical design, the optomechanical design, the mirror manufacturing, and the telescope alignment with a performance evaluation are extensively discussed. The optical design of the collimator is based on the Cassegrain telescope design with two aspheric mirrors. An athermalized, high stability optomechanical structure is conceived for the collimator to meet stringent performance requirements. The high-quality mirrors are made of low-expansion Zerodur glass–ceramic and the primary mirror is light-weighted to 63% of its initial weight. The design of a dedicated five-axis flexure mechanism driven by nanopositioner stages to compensate the secondary mirror misalignments is given. Primary and secondary mirrors with aspheric surfaces are manufactured, and their forms are measured by computer-generated holograms with a phase-shifting Fizeau interferometer. The alignment strategy is based on minimizing Fringe Zernike coefficients of wavefront decomposition measured by an autocollimation test setup. The alignment sensitivity and corresponding Fringe Zernike coefficient terms are determined by the ray-tracing software that introduces the intentional misalignments of the secondary mirror. The on-axis alignment of the collimator is performed with the guidance of sensitivity analysis results. The final root-mean-square wavefront error for the collimated beam is measured to be

0.021

λ

.
In vivo deep-brain imaging of microglia enabled by three-photon fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Cheng Hui , Tong Shen , Deng Xiangquan , Li Jia , Qiu Ping , Wang Ke 
Published: August 2020

Microglia act as the first and main form of active immune defense in brain. However, in animal models, research on these cells is limited to the superficial layer of the brain, due to the lack of a deep-imaging technique. Here we break this depth limit using three-photon fluorescence (3PF) microscopy excited at the 1700-nm window. Three-photon action cross-section (

η

σ
3

) measurement lays the basis for dye selection and the resultant maximization of 3PF generation. 3PF imaging suppresses the surface background, leading to a much improved signal-to-background ratio compared to the commonly used two-photon microscopy (2PM). We can image microglia 1124 µm below the brain surface in vivo, 3.7 times deeper than previous results using 2PM for microglia imaging. This technique enables us to visualize microglia in the white matter layer in vivo for the first time.
Parental knowledge, attitude, and behavioral factors in immunization response following a diphtheria outbreak in children in 2018-2019
Authors: Arfimita Nabila , Surjono Edward 
Published: August 2020

Background A diphtheria outbreak was declared at the end of 2017. The outbreak response immunization (ORI) was a key Indonesian government strategy to control diphtheria in three outbreak areas. This strategy was implemented starting December 11, 2018. Parents’ positive knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding diphtheria and the diphtheria ORI may influence the coverage of diphtheria ORI in Indonesia.
Objective To assess for relationships between parental knowledge, attitude, and behavior to coverage of diphtheria ORI in children.
Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at Kapuk Muara Public Elementary School 03, North Jakarta from November 2018 to August 2019. The respondents were parents of the schoolchildren. Parents filled questionnaires about their knowledge, attitude, and behavior with regards to diphtheria ORI coverage in children.
Results The coverage of diphtheria ORI in children was 61.8%. From 110 respondents, 40.9% of parents had at least sufficient knowledge, 73.8% had good attitude, and 55.5% had good behavior regarding diphtheria and diphtheria ORI. Parental knowledge had no significant association to coverage of diphtheria ORI in their children. However, there were significant relationships between parental attitude and behavior to coverage of diphtheria ORI in their children.
Conclusion The coverage of diphtheria ORI needs improvement. Most parents have sufficient level of knowledge, good attitude, and good behavior towards diphtheria and diphtheria ORI. There is no association between parental knowledge about diphtheria and diphtheria ORI to coverage of diphtheria ORI, but there are significant association of parental attitude and behavior toward diphtheria ORI coverage.