bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to Healthcare and Criminal Behavior: Evidence from the ACA Medicaid Expansions
Authors: Vogler Jacob 
Published: July 2020

AbstractI investigate the causal relationship between access to healthcare and crime following state decisions to expand Medicaid coverage after the Affordable Care Act. I combine state‐level crime data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports for the years 2009 through 2018 with variation in insurance eligibility generated by the Medicaid expansion. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, my findings indicate that states that expanded Medicaid have experienced a 5.3 percent reduction in annual reported violent crime rates relative to nonexpansion states. This effect is explained by decreases in aggravated assaults and corresponds to 17 fewer incidents per 100,000 people. The estimated decrease in reported crime amounts to an annual cost savings of approximately $4 billion.
A novel approach for development of printed circuit board from biofiber based composites
Authors: Bharath Kurki N. , Madhu Puttegowda , Gowda Thyavihalli G. Y. , Verma Akarsh , Sanjay Mavinkere R. , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver past few decades, the electronic boards density and performance are enhanced by entrenching the components in the interior surfaces of the printed circuit boards (PCBs).The worthiness of this novel innovation has to be probed to warranty the functioning of electronic boards acquiesced to callous environments. In this study, a novel advancement concentrating on the development of bio‐based materials for the PCB applications has been documented. The bio‐based composite from rice husk‐epoxy resin could impendingly substitute the conventional synthetic fiber reinforced epoxy composites in PCB applications. The essential properties of biocomposites were assessed such as tensile and bending properties, dielectric property, thermal properties, moisture absorption, microdrilling, biodegradability, and flammability. Results obtained found that, these biocomposites were promising for PCB application.
Facile dispersion of aramid pulp by matrix sizing agent and reinforced rubber composites
Authors: Teng Cuiqing , Wang Tao , Qin Minglin , Kong Haijuan , Zhang Jingwei , Yu Muhuo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe properties of Kevlar fiber‐reinforced composites strongly depend on the dispersion homogeneity of the fiber in matrix and their adhesion. Dispersing fibers into a rubber is more challenging than using traditional fillers, especially for aramid pulp (AP) with a highly branched structure. Herein, we reported a facile pre‐dispersion method to disperse AP in rubber and to enable efficient reinforcement. AP was firstly modified using dopamine to enhance the surface characteristics, and then the modified AP was dispersed in a solution of nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) in ethanol, followed by drying to obtain the AP pre‐dispersion. This pre‐dispersion was incorporated into NBR by a traditional rubber processing method to produce composites. The measurements of Fourier transform infrared, optical and electric microscopies, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis on the composites demonstrate that surface modification using dopamine and the pre‐dispersion method obviously improved the AP dispersabiligy and the interfacial interaction between the pulp and NBR, resulting in the enhanced mechanical and oil‐resistance properties of the composites.
Right ventricular dysfunction identified by abnormal strain values precedes evident growth restriction in small for gestational age fetuses
Authors: van Oostrum Noortje H. M. , van der Woude Daisy A. A , Clur Sally‐Ann B. , Oei S. Guid , van Laar Judith O. E. H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesSmall for gestational age (SGA) fetuses have an increased risk for adverse outcome. Placental insufficiency leads to changes in the circulation, with secondary adaptation of the fetal heart resulting in changed cardiac deformation. This deformation can be measured with 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE). SGA is antenatally often undiagnosed. The measurement of deformation changes in the fetal heart might help in the prediction of SGA and identify fetuses in need of more intensive surveillance.MethodsIn this longitudinal prospective cohort study, global longitudinal strain (GLS) and strain rate (GLSR), measured before 23 weeks gestational age were compared between SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fetuses, based on birthweight corrected for gestational age at birth.ResultsThe fetal heart rate was significantly increased in SGA; 158 beats per minute (146‐163) vs 148 (134‐156); P = 0.035 in AGA. Right ventricle GLS (RV‐GLS) values were significantly increased in SGA; −15.87% (−11.69% to −20.55%) vs −20.24% (−16.29% to −24.28%); p = 0.024, respectively.ConclusionRV‐GLS values, measured with 2D‐STE, were significantly increased in SGA, indicating systolic RV dysfunction before 23 weeks gestational age in fetuses who will become SGA later in pregnancy. A large longitudinal prospective cohort study is needed to confirm these findings.
Steam disinfection of toothbrushes from patients with cystic fibrosis: Evidence‐based recommendations
Authors: Millar Beverley C. , Maguire Mollie , Moore Rachel E. , Murphy Alan , McCaughan John , Stirling Jonathan , Moore John E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cystic fibrosis have increased morbidity/mortality due to chronic respiratory infections, which primarily originate from the environment. Infection prevention and control emphasize the importance of cleaning and disinfection of respiratory devices, however, there is a paucity of guidance on toothbrush hygiene, which have been shown to be a source of cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens.MethodsThis study examined steam disinfection of toothbrushes contaminated with clinically significant CF isolates (n = 80; Gram positive = 33; Gram negative = 32, and non‐tuberculous mycobacteria = 6) and yeasts (n = 9), as well as oral streptococci (n = 26) and environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 12).ResultsSteam disinfection eradicated all organisms tested, as well as all organisms in CF sputum applied to toothbrushes.ConclusionsSteam disinfection offers a relatively simple, cheap and available method of eliminating non‐spore‐forming CF pathogens on toothbrushes. Toothbrushes should be thoroughly rinsed after each use before steam disinfection, to remove plaque, epithelial cells, and residual toothpaste. Toothbrushes should be steam disinfected after each use employing a baby bottle steam disinfector, adhering to manufacturers' operating instructions and stored in the disinfector until next used within 12 to 24 hours. Toothbrushes should be replaced every 3 to 4 months, or sooner if the bristles look worn out, as well as every time a pulmonary exacerbation occurs or every time the patient is treated for a pulmonary/throat infection. Steam disinfection of toothbrushes is crucial when the patient is undergoing eradication regimes for P. aeruginosa and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, so that the patient does not become reinfected from this source, thereby aiding eradication and enhancing patient safety.
Pulmonary growth abnormalities as etiologies for pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Mallory George B. , Spielberg David R. , Silva‐Carmona Manuel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPulmonary growth abnormality (PGA) is a common type of diffuse lung disease in infants. Although the histologic and radiographic features of PGA have been described in the literature in varying detail, the clinical spectrum of disease has not. The array of case series and case reports has led to a clinical picture that could be confusing to clinicians. We describe three subsets of PGA, including its association with the histologic marker of pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, and its common association with pulmonary hypertension. We propose a new approach to what we consider an increasingly broad array of different disease entities.
Measuring Crack Growth and Rise in Temperature around a Cylindrical Defect in Explosive Simulants under Low‐Pressure and Long‐Pulse Loadings
Authors: Ma Xiao , Zhang Kun , Shang Hailin , Li Jianling , Li Tao , Fu Hua , Zheng Xianxu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLow‐pressure and long‐pulse loadings are critical loading modes in research on non‐shock ignition. Under such loadings, viscoplastic deformation, fracture, and a local rise in temperature may occur around inherent defects in condensed explosives to cause non‐shock ignition. In this study, transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) was chosen as an explosive simulant to elucidate the processes of crack growth, pore collapse, and rise in temperature at a cylindrical defect by using a set of modified split Hopkinson pressure bars. A recently developed optical temperature‐sensing technique that uses the multiphonon‐assisted anti‐Stokes‐to‐Stokes fluorescence intensity ratio was used to monitor the rise in temperature in the cracks. By combining the work here with our previous research, two significant conclusions are arrived at: 1) Around the cylindrical defect, the opening‐mode crack initiated earlier than the shearing‐mode crack did but its rate of propagation was considerably lower. Moreover, the smaller the cylindrical defect was, the lower was the rate of propagation of the cracks. 2) The rise in temperature in shearing‐mode cracks was higher than that of the opening‐mode cracks. It can be inferred that the local rise in temperature caused by shearing was the major factor leading to the non‐shock ignition of condensed explosives
Large cell carcinoma of the lung presenting as diffuse pulmonary infiltrates with haemoptysis
Authors: Seong Gil Myeong , Hyun Chang Lim , Lee Jonggeun , Kim Changhwan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) classification has defined large cell carcinoma (LCC) as a subtype that is lacking glandular or squamous cells, and any neuroendocrine differentiation. Accordingly, LCC is one of the rarest subtypes of NSCLC. LCC usually presents as a large peripheral tumour with prominent necrosis and its specific characteristics are not well known. Here, we report a case of LCC identified during differential diagnosis of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in a patient with haemoptysis.
The expanding arms of Zika virus: An updated review with recent Indian outbreaks
Authors: Agarwal Ankita , Chaurasia Deepti 
Published: July 2020

SummaryZika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks and their adverse clinical consequences have raised concerns throughout the world. ZIKV was little known during the initial outbreaks in Yap islands and French Polynesia, but it came to attention after the series of Brazil outbreaks in which severe complications like microcephaly in newborn babies was detected. During 2018, outbreaks of ZIKV occurred in two states of India which, being a tropical country, has congenial climatic conditions, abundance of highly competent mosquito vectors such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, and an immunologically naïve population. In this review, we will briefly discuss the history, epidemiology, evolution, transmission (vector‐borne and non‐vector borne), pathogenesis, clinical signs and unusual presentations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of ZIKV. Finally, we suggest priorities for urgent research required to address unanswered questions about Zika infections and help bring this virus under control.
Job insecurity and subjective sleep quality: The role of spillover and gender
Authors: Kim Yun‐Kyoung , Kramer Amit , Pak Sunjin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerceived job insecurity is a critical job stressor that creates the conditions for negative health and performance outcomes for workers while potentially increasing health‐related costs for employers. Sleep quality, an important proxy of health, has been understudied in relation to the impact of perceived job insecurity. Using job stress concepts and a perseverative cognition model, this study examines the association between perceived job insecurity and subjective sleep quality while considering negative work spillover as a mediator. We expand our analysis to consider gender as a moderator of the job insecurity–sleep quality relationship, predicting the relationship will be stronger for men than for women. Study 1 uses a nationally representative sample from the Midlife Development in the United States National Survey Refresher study consisting of 1031 working adults and a multi‐group path analysis to test our hypotheses. Results show that negative work spillover mediates the relationship between perceived job insecurity and subjective sleep quality. Study 2 uses a sample of 152 working adults who participated in three biweekly surveys. The mediating role of negative work spillover is replicated in Study 2. In both studies, no gender moderation is found. Theoretical and methodological contributions, limitations and future research directions are discussed.
Influence of flange dimensions and geometrical imperfections on stress concentrations at welded flange necks
Authors: Seidel Marc , Wegener Filip , van Dijk Ingmar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRing flange connections for tubular towers, like those for wind turbines or chimneys, are subjected to significant fatigue loading. Next to the bolts, the weld connecting the flange to the tower shell also needs to be checked against fatigue failure. The flange causes local bending moments in the shell, which increase the meridional stress, i. e. stress concentrations occur. In this paper, the influence of geometrical imperfections on such stress concentrations is quantified and the influence of flange geometry on resulting stress is investigated. Recommendations are given for flange dimensions and the design procedure.
Automated Text Analysis for Intelligence Purposes: A Psychological Operations Case Study
Authors: Varga Stefan , Brynielsson Joel , Horndahl Andreas , Rosell Magnus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the availability of an abundance of data through the Internet, the premises to solve some intelligence analysis tasks have changed for the better. The study presented herein sets out to examine whether and how a data-driven approach can contribute to solve intelligence tasks. During a full day observational study, an ordinary military intelligence unit was divided into two uniform teams. Each team was independently asked to solve the same realistic intelligence analysis task. Both teams were allowed to use their ordinary set of tools, but in addition one team was also given access to a novel text analysis prototype tool specifically designed to support data-driven intelligence analysis of social media data. The results, obtained from the case study with a high ecological validity, suggest that the prototype tool provided valuable insights by bringing forth information from a more diverse set of sources, specifically from private citizens that would not have been easily discovered otherwise. Also, regardless of its objective contribution, the capabilities and the usage of the tool were embraced and subjectively perceived as useful by all involved analysts.
Vernetzt, flexibel und gesund?
Authors: Daum Mario , Zanker Claus 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Wandel der Erwerbsarbeit infolge der Digitalisierung eröffnet neue Optionen aber birgt auch einige Gefahren. Die Autoren verfolgen in diesem Beitrag einen interdisziplinären Zugang zu orts- und zeitflexiblen Arbeitsformen, die durch den digitalen Wandel verstärkt möglich sind. Sie stellen die gegenwärtigen Forderungen nach Deregulierung bzw. Regulierung des Arbeitsrechts dar und ordnen diese auf Grundlage von Erkenntnissen der Arbeits- und Rechtswissenschaft ein. Auf ihren Ergebnissen basierend, geben sie Handlungsempfehlungen für Akteure aus Politik und Wirtschaft zur Gestaltung und Regulierung von orts- und zeitflexiblem Arbeiten.
Rollen und Verantwortlichkeiten für erfolgreiche Social-Business-Anwendungen
Authors: Schiller Christian , Meiren Thomas 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Social Business bietet große Potenziale für Unternehmen, ist jedoch kein Selbstläufer. Um auf Dauer von Social Business profitieren zu können, müssen deshalb von Beginn an erfolgskritische Fragestellungen adressiert und geeignete Lösungen gefunden werden. So ergab eine Studie, die im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) geförderten Projekts SB:Digital durchgeführt wurde, dass die dort befragten Unternehmen klar definierte Rollen und Verantwortlichkeiten sowie die Sicherstellung der Akzeptanz der Mitarbeitenden als die wichtigsten Erfolgsfaktoren für Social Business ansehen. Innerhalb des Projekts SB:Digital wurde deshalb ein Referenzmodell entwickelt, das Unternehmen bei der Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Social-Business-Anwendungen unterstützt und dabei methodische und praktische Hilfestellungen bietet. Eine wichtige Funktion innerhalb des Referenzmodells nehmen klar definierte Rollen und Verantwortlichkeiten ein, welche im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt werden.
Formal Global AKSZ Gauge Observables and Generalized Wilson Surfaces
Authors: Moshayedi Nima 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider a construction of observables by using methods of supersymmetric field theories. In particular, we give an extension of AKSZ-type observables constructed in Mnev (Lett Math Phys 105:1735–1783, 2015) using the Batalin–Vilkovisky structure of AKSZ theories to a formal global version with methods of formal geometry. We will consider the case where the AKSZ theory is “split” which will give an explicit construction for formal vector fields on base and fiber within the formal global action. Moreover, we consider the example of formal global generalized Wilson surface observables whose expectation values are invariants of higher-dimensional knots by using BF field theory. These constructions give rise to interesting global gauge conditions such as the differential quantum master equation and further extensions.
Machine learning-based analysis of [18F]DCFPyL PET radiomics for risk stratification in primary prostate cancer
Authors: Cysouw Matthijs C. F. , Jansen Bernard H. E. , van de Brug Tim , Oprea-Lager Daniela E. , Pfaehler Elisabeth , de Vries Bart M. , van Moorselaar Reindert J. A. , Hoekstra Otto S. , Vis André N. , Boellaard Ronald 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Quantitative prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET analysis may provide for non-invasive and objective risk stratification of primary prostate cancer (PCa) patients. We determined the ability of machine learning-based analysis of quantitative [18F]DCFPyL PET metrics to predict metastatic disease or high-risk pathological tumor features.

Methods
In a prospective cohort study, 76 patients with intermediate- to high-risk PCa scheduled for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection underwent pre-operative [18F]DCFPyL PET-CT. Primary tumors were delineated using 50–70% peak isocontour thresholds on images with and without partial-volume correction (PVC). Four hundred and eighty standardized radiomic features were extracted per tumor. Random forest models were trained to predict lymph node involvement (LNI), presence of any metastasis, Gleason score ≥ 8, and presence of extracapsular extension (ECE). For comparison, models were also trained using standard PET features (SUVs, volume, total PSMA uptake). Model performance was validated using 50 times repeated 5-fold cross-validation yielding the mean receiver-operator characteristic curve AUC.

Results
The radiomics-based machine learning models predicted LNI (AUC 0.86 ± 0.15, p < 0.01), nodal or distant metastasis (AUC 0.86 ± 0.14, p < 0.01), Gleason score (0.81 ± 0.16, p < 0.01), and ECE (0.76 ± 0.12, p < 0.01). The highest AUCs reached using standard PET metrics were lower than those of radiomics-based models. For LNI and metastasis prediction, PVC and a higher delineation threshold improved model stability. Machine learning pre-processing methods had a minor impact on model performance.

Conclusion
Machine learning-based analysis of quantitative [18F]DCFPyL PET metrics can predict LNI and high-risk pathological tumor features in primary PCa patients. These findings indicate that PSMA expression detected on PET is related to both primary tumor histopathology and metastatic tendency. Multicenter external validation is needed to determine the benefits of using radiomics versus standard PET metrics in clinical practice.
Informatik – eine eigenständige Wissenschaft?
Authors: Reisig Wolfgang 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag frage ich nach einem Rahmen für eine umfassende Theorie der Informatik als eine formale Theorie der diskreten dynamischen Systeme, nach dem Vorbild der Theoriebildung in den Naturwissenschaften. An zahlreichen Beispielen zeige ich, dass dieses Unterfangen durchaus aussichtsreich ist und in isolierten Teilen schon vorliegt. Auf lange Sicht könnte die Informatik damit eine eigenständige Wissenschaft herausbilden, in Ergänzung zu ihren starken technologischen Aspekten, mit eigener theoretischer, mathematischer Basis, und auf Augenhöhe mit den Naturwissenschaften.
Informatik-Fachbereiche an deutschen Universitäten
Authors: Claus Volker , Ritter Norbert 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie sich gegenwärtig vollziehende digitale Transformation belegt die Entwicklung der Informatik hin zu einer wissenschaftlichen Schlüsseldisziplin. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine rasante Entwicklung; vor etwa 50 Jahren wurde noch diskutiert, ob es sich bei der Informatik überhaupt um eine eigenständige wissenschaftliche Disziplin oder vielmehr um ein Teilgebiet der Mathematik oder der Elektrotechnik handelt. Der Begriff „Informatik“ wurde – so nehmen die Autoren an – erstmals 1968 im Zusammenhang mit den allerersten Empfehlungen für einen Studiengang im Bereich der Datenverarbeitung verwendet; die erste Informatikdiplomprüfungsordnung der Kultusministerkonferenz (KMK) wurde am 01.02.1973 beschlossen. Die Überzeugungen und die Überzeugungskraft der Pioniere der Informatik, die Gründungen der Gesellschaft für Informatik (1969) und des Fakultätentags Informatik (1973), die Einsetzung eines Fachausschusses Informatik in der DFG (1970) sowie frühe Aktivitäten des Wissenschaftsrats förderten die Entstehung von Informatikfachbereichen an deutschen Universitäten. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Entwicklung der Lehre/Lehrinhalte sowie der Forschung in diesen Fachbereichen in den letzten 50 Jahren aus der Sicht des Fakultätentags Informatik auf. Während diese Entwicklung zunächst Informatik als eigenständige wissenschaftliche Disziplin etablierte, ist heutzutage ein immer stärker werdendes Zusammenwirken der Informatik mit wissenschaftlichen Partnerdisziplinen aller Bereiche zu beobachten (Data Science/Künstliche Intelligenz). Es muss verstärkt darüber nachgedacht und miteinander darüber gesprochen werden, was diese steigende Verantwortung für die Informatik als wissenschaftliche Disziplin bedeutet und wie sie dieser gerecht werden kann.