bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is adaptive neuronal plasticity an epiphenomenon of the	BOLD-signal?
Authors: Marcar Valentine L. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: This paper will examine different neurocognitive theories which conclude that the brain is able to restore or redress lost or damaged processing systems by reorganising remaining neuronal resources. Method: The blood oxygenation level dependent or BOLD-signal is the most frequently used method for imaging brain activity in healthy, young adults, children, the elderly, or subjects with a neurodegenerative condition. The BOLD-signal reflects the balance between oxygen metabolism and vascular blood supply. The effect of neuronal discharge activity and neuronal recruitment on oxygen metabolism and vascular blood supply will be described. Result: Maturation, senescence or degenerative illness alter the balance of oxygen metabolism and vascular blood supply on a regional level. This changes the ability to detect brain activity using the BOLD-signal and accounts for the activation pattern observed in the young, the old and the ill. Conclusions: The change in activation pattern observed in the young, the old and the ill is not the result of a compensatory mechanism but the result of a disparity in the neuronal process which can not be compensated for.
The plastic human brain
Authors: Jäncke Lutz 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: In this review I summarize and discuss reported findings of structural and functional plasticity in the intact human brain. Methods: The main focus is placed on research that uses musicians as a model to study brain plasticity. I summarize therefore mostly studies dealing with musicians or with the effect of music practice. In the first section, structural plasticity is described on the basis of modern neuroanatomical studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. In the second part, emphasis is given to studies reporting functional plasticity on the basis of changed neurophysiological activation patterns. These studies are discussed in the context of two approaches employed to study plasticity in the human brain: the cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches. Results: The reviewed studies altogether indicate that experience can shape brain anatomy and brain physiology. Brain plasticity as demonstrated here is related to changed grey and white mater densities (and volumes) but also to changed activation patterns in the brain areas involved in controlling the expertise task. Conclusions: Taken together, all studies support the view that the human brain is much more plastic than had been anticipated 20 years ago
Using metaphors to study occupational transitions: A case study of	an injured worker with multiple chemical sensitivity
Authors: Arnold Crystal , Shaw Lynn , Landry Gerald 
Published: December 2019

Background: The aim of this case study was to explore transitions of an injured worker suffering from multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), and his lived experiences in learning to function in everyday life with this injury. To date, little research exists about the transitions of a worker to an injured worker beyond the focus of strategies in returning to work and rehabilitation. Methods: The injured worker's perspective was captured through the use of metaphors in understanding the transition processes of participating in daily life without work. Metaphors were used to facilitate this injured worker's expression of deep thoughts and feelings, and to allow for different and abstract ways of thinking about disability and illness. Findings: Metaphors were identified within several transitions involved in the process of going from a worker to an injured worker functioning in daily life. Conclusions: The findings from this case study can be shared with others as a means of increasing the awareness of the experiences in managing daily life when living with MCS. In addition, insights from this injured worker's case could act as a venue for distributing knowledge about chemical injuries to health care professionals to broaden their views of this injury and its treatment.
Quantitative flow measurement by digital subtraction angiography	in cerebral carotid stenosis using optical flow method
Authors: Huang Tzung-Chi , Wu Tung-Hsin , Lin Yang-Hsien , Guo Wan-Yuo , Huang Wei-Chien , Lin Chung-Jung 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed intracranial regional blood flows using an optical flow method (OFM) and digital subtraction angiography in patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. We also retrospectively explored the correlation between the patients' diagnoses and the severity of the ICA stenoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: OFM, an image-processing algorithm to estimate motion, was applied to determine the mean velocity V $_{mean}$ in the vessels. A group of 40 patients without vascular anomalies acted as the control group. The patients were classified as having either moderate stenosis (< 80%, n=14) or severe stenosis (> 80%, n=23). RESULTS: The V $_{mean}$ of the ICAs was significantly lower in the stenotic group compared with the control group (p< 0.01). The V $_{mean}$ of the ICAs was inversely correlated with the severity of the stenosis (p< 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve of the V $_{mean}$ in an AP view showed substantial discriminatory power, with an optimal cutoff value of 3.48 pixels/frame for the detection of patients with carotid stenosis. The sensitivity and specificity were 84% and 50%, respectively. On a lateral view, the best cutoff for the V $_{mean}$ was 4.01 pixels/frame, and the sensitivity and specificity were 92% and 43%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Digital subtraction angiography combined with the OFM is a feasible parametric method for intracranial blood flow measurements in patients with moderate to severe carotid stenosis.
A new algorithm for calculating optimal viewing angles in coronary	angiography based on 4-D cardiac computed tomography
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Li Junwei , Zhang Zhaoxia , Wang Yi , Jia Zhongwei , Pu Kui , Yu Daoyin 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Coronary stenosis is the main cause of the coronary heart disease (CHD). However, coronary arteriography (CAG), which is considered as the 'gold standard' of determining the location and severity of CHD, hardly acquires a satisfactory image for some lesions by traditional viewing angles. OBJECTIVE: We proposed a new approach to calculate the optimal viewing angles of CAG system to observe vessel segment of interest. METHODS: Firstly, the 4-D coronary arteries are segmented to obtain a dynamic vessel model. Then, a "rendering" method in computer graphics is used to calculate the optimal viewing angles of the vessel segment in the entire cardiac cycle. At last, an intersection of these angles can be regarded as the optimal ones in the whole cardiac cycle. RESULTS: Within the constraint of 2% foreshortening, the single phase data show 1% foreshortening without overlapping at the optimal angles proposed by our method, compared with 1.8% foreshortening at working angles set by clinical experts. And the multi-phase experiments also have good results. CONCLUSIONS: The new approach can provide doctors optimal viewing angles of interested vessel segment in the whole cardiac cycle.
Removing streak artifacts from ECG-gated reconstructions using	deconvolution
Authors: Mory Cyril , Auvray Vincent , Zhang Bo , Grass Michael , Schäfer Dirk , Rit Simon , Peyrin Françoise , Douek Philippe , Boussel Loïc 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: 4D cardiac computed tomography aims at reconstructing the beating heart from a series of 2D projections and the simultaneously acquired electrocardiogram. Each cardiac phase is reconstructed by exploiting the subset of projections acquired during this particular cardiac phase only. In these conditions, the Feldkamp, Davis and Kress method (FDK) generates large streak artifacts in the reconstructed volumes, hampering the medical interpretation. These artifacts can be substantially reduced by deconvolution methods. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to compare two 4D cardiac CT reconstruction methods based on deconvolution, and to evaluate their practical benefits on two applications: cardiac micro CT and human cardiac C-arm CT. METHODS: The first evaluated method builds upon inverse filtering. It has been proposed recently and demonstrated on 4D cardiac micro CT. The second one is an iterative deconvolution method, and turns out equivalent to an ECG-gated Iterative Filtered Back Projection (ECG-gated IFBP). RESULTS: Results are presented on simulated data in 2D parallel beam, 2D fan beam and 3D cone beam geometries. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods are efficient on the cardiac micro CT simulations, but insufficient to handle 4D human cardiac C-Arm CT simulations. Overall, ECG-gated IFPB largely outperforms the inverse filtering method.
Quantitative evaluation of the administrated dose affecting image	quality in myocardial perfusion SPECT
Authors: El-Gebaly Reem H. , Maamoun Islam K. , Madian Noha G. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) can provide the valuable cardiac functions.Image quality in nuclear medicine tomography is critically dependent on the activity administered into patients. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the optimum injected dose of 99mTc-MIBI for quantitative assessment of image quality as compared with standard injected dose used for that purpose. METHODS: The image quality parameters (Contrast, relative noise and contrast to noise ratio) were determined in 32 patients (21 male, 11 female, age 45–60 y) with weight 60 ± 15 kg. Patients were classified into four groups; each one consisted of 8 patients. The first group received 370 MBq, the second one received 555 MBq, the third group received 740 MBq and the last group received 925 MBq. RESULTS: Qualitative assessments of the images revealed equivalent scintigraphic patterns in all patients. There was a significant difference in the image contrast. The image contrast in the 370 MBq group was greater than other groups. The image noise between the four groups was significantly different. It increased with injected dose reduction. Contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was significantly different between 370 MBq and other groups. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that results from the first group which received 370 MBq are sufficiently similar to those of the fourth group (standard group) which received 925 MBq. Consequently,accurate estimations of differential cardiac functions are possible with the 370 MBq dose.
Evaluation of the dose perturbation around gold and steel fiducial	markers in a medical linac through Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Pontoriero Antonio , Amato Ernesto , Iatí Giuseppe , De Renzis Costantino , Pergolizzi Stefano 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE: Purpose of this work was to study the dose perturbation within the target volume of a external MV radiation therapy when using metal fiducials. METHODS: We developed a Monte Carlo simulation in Geant4 of a cylindrical fiducial made either of gold or of steel and simulated the photon irradiation beam originating from a medical Linac operating at 6, 10 or 15 MV. For each energy, two different irradiation schemes were simulated: a single 5 × 5-cm square field in the -x direction, and five 5 × 5-cm fields at 0°, 80°, 165°, 195° and 280°. RESULTS: In a single beam irradiation scheme, we observed a dose reduction behind fiducials varying from −20% for gold at 6 MV to −5% for steel at 15 MV, and a dose increment in front of the fiducial ranging from +33% for gold at 15 MV to +10% for steel at 6 MV. When five beams were employed, a dose increment ranging from +28% to +46% has been found around gold. Around a steel fiducial, an average increment of +17% was found, irrespective of the photon energy. CONCLUSIONS: When using a single beam, the decrement of dose behind both steel and gold markers increases with the photon energy. This effect vanishes when a multifield treatment is delivered; in this instance there is a dose increment around fiducials, according to both fiducial material and photon energy, with lower values for steel and 6 MV. This energy represents the best choice when fiducial markers are present inside the irradiated volume.
Determining the Discriminant Validity of Family Cohesion and Flexibility Subscales and a Cutoff Score to Separate the Healthy and Clinical Groups
Authors:   Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Habibi Mojtaba ,   Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Psychiatric Institute), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mazaheri Ali ,   epartment of Clinincal Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Ashouri Ahmad ,   Department of Clinincal Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Psychiatric Institute), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Sayed Alitabar Sayed Hadi ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
Published: December 2019

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the discriminant validity of family adaptability and cohesion evaluation subscales. We investigated families referring to counseling, family courts, substance dependence treatment centers, and healthy and clinically defined cutoff scores for the breakdown of healthy Iranian families. Methods This scale was validated by four psychologists and translated by a professional English translator. After conducting a pilot study on 30 subjects, the necessary corrections were made to the scale. Families from 7 provinces (N=1652 subjects, parents= 558, mothers= 576, mothers and children=518) responded to the scale. For data analysis, univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multivariate operating characteristic curves were used. Results The obtained results suggested that family mean normal score in all groups, clinical counseling, substance dependence, and family courts subscales suggested significant differences in terms of adverse life events, family interactions, family satisfaction, integrity, balance, flexibility, intertwined, torn, confused, and frustrated that there is flexibility (P<0/05). Conclusion The operating characteristic curve analysis to determine cutoff scores revealed the cutoff scores of family adaptability and cohesion evaluation subscales between normal and clinical diagnosis established optimum. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of family adaptability and cohesion evaluation is applicable for psychological research and clinical diagnosis.
Study of the Effect of Carob (Ceratoniasiliqua L.) Extract Activity as Antibiotic from UTI
Authors: Fadhil Abdul-Husin Iman 
Published: December 2019

Escherichia coli bacterial cells have been collected and selected from(30) patients (most found strain) in urine samples 25 (83.3 %) suffering from infection of urinary tract laid down in Hashimiyaha teaching hospital, Babylon during a period from Novembertwo thousand sixty to February two thousand seventy.

The isolated strain diagnosis is confirmed withVitek2 system apparatus which performed to identify species level ofEscherichia coli isolates.To evaluate the antimicrobialaction of the ethanol extract of Carob (CeratoniasiliquaL.) podsonlyas well as in mixture with certain drugs (64µg /ml ampicillin, 32µg /ml gentamicin, 128µg /ml amikacin,8µg /ml clindamycin.) as the wide usageantibiotics in the treatment of UTI bacterial infectionswhich has led to the emergence and spread of resistant strains. Many studies showed that the efficacy of antimicrobials can be improved by combining them with crude plant extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of pods of Carob(CeratoniasiliquaL.)alone as well as in mixture with some standard antimicrobials has been evaluated using well diffusion methodwhich demonstrates an in-vitro antibacterial activity of the tested extracts against E. Coli bacteria. A combination of the tested extracts( concentration 100%,50%) with antibacterial has increased that activity of the tested antimicrobials.The results revealed the importance of Carob plant extracts when associated with antibiotics to regulatorresistance E. Coli bacteria that developed as adanger to human health
The Effect of Thermodynemic Parameter son the Rlationship Between Exchangeable Sodium Percentage and Sodium Adsorption Ratioin Saline Soilof Iraq Central
Authors: Abdul Kadium Safa Mahdi 
Published: December 2019

The study was conducted to determine the relationship between the exchangeable sodium percentage ESP and sodium adsorption ratio SAR in the soil solution. Some saline affected soils were selected at the locations Yosifya, Muwayliha, Imam, Eychreesh, Mahaweel, Ejbalah, Abe-Ghragg, Kifil, Elseneya and Eldagharaah. Using thermodynamic criteria to recalculate throught description quantitative concepts rather than analytical.The results indicate that the values ​​of SAR range from 0.96 - 26.80 (cmol Kg-¹)º·5 of the studied sites and this ratio increased when taking into account free ions 3.52 - 32.7 (cmol Kg-¹)º·5. The ESP Calculated laboratory was (2.0 - 9.0 %) and all of these were less than ESP % according to laboratory salinity accounts, and generally show increase in the values ​​of the proportion of ESP with increased SAR according to the approved indicators. The probability of these soils turning into sodic is unlikely to decrease pH and HCO3-¹ values ​​and increase concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions.
The statistical results indicated that in order to predict soil ESP based on soil SAR the linear regression model for predicting soil ESP from SAR. ESP=1.95+1.05SAR with R²=0.92 can be recommended.
Effect of Substitution of Urea With Different Type and Levels of Ruminant Manure on Nutritive Value of Rice Straw Silage
Authors: Ameen Saeed Ali , Intisar Abid Saja 
Published: December 2019

This study was conducted in Nutrition Lab. to investigate the effect of the type and level of substitution of urea with ruminant manure, M (sheep, cow and buffalo) on basis of nitrogen (N) content on the nutritive value of rice straw silage (RSS). Accordingly silages were nominated as, S-RSS, C-RSS and B-RSS. Urea (U) was substituted with dried manure at 6 combinations, 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 of U:M. Silage samples were prepared by treating chopped straw with pre-treated solution contained 10% low quality debis and 2% urea. Results showed that lower (P˂0.01) DM loss (11.4%) was observed in S-RSS, and with addition of urea only (3.6%).
Samples of S-RSS and C-RSS recorded higher (P˂0.01) Fleig points (Fp) as compared with those prepared by the addition of B-RSS, 60.42, 55.58 and 49.59 respectively. Reduction (P˂0.01) in this parameter was noticed in samples prepared with a combination of 100:0. Aerobic stability (AS) was a reduced (P˂0.01) in samples prepared by addition of S-RSS by 15 and 13 hours in comparison with samples of C-RSS and B-RSS respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 were prior (P˂0.01) as compared with other samples.
Results also showed an increase (P˂0.01) in in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVOMD) in samples of S-RSS in comparison with samples prepared by addition of C-RSS and B-RSS, 49.99, 44.59 and 42.77% respectively. Samples prepared with combination of 100:0 recorded lower (P˂0.05) in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) as compared with combinations of 70:30 and 60:40 of U: M, 40.52, 45.36 and 45.94% respectively.
Hubungan antara Beban Kerja dan Kelelahan Kerja dengan Produktivitas Kerja Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Bethesda GMIM Tomohon
Authors: Pantow Stivani S. , Kandou Grace D. , Kawatu Paul A. T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract: Basically, productivity is influenced by three factors namely workload, work capacity, and additional burden due to work environment. Workload is usually associated with physical, mental, and social burdens. General Hospital Bethesda GMIM Tomohon provides services to patients with 123 nurses divided into several rooms. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between workload and work fatigue and work productivity of nurses in the Inpatient Room of the General Hospital Bethesda GMIM Tomohon. This was an observational analytical study using a cross sectional design. The sampling technique used Slovin formula and obtained 56 nurses as respondents. Data were analyzed by using the chi square test. The results showed that the relationship between workload and work productivity obtained a p-value of 0.001 (α=0.05), meanwhile the relationship between work fatigue and work productivity had a p-value of 0.001 (α=0.05). In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between workload and work productivity as well as between work fatigue and work productivity among the nurses of the Inpatient Room of Bethesda General Hospital, GMIM Tomohon.Keywords: work productivity, work fatigue, workload Abstrak: Pada dasarnya produktivitas dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor yaitu beban kerja, kapasitas kerja, dan beban tambahan akibat lingkungan kerja. Beban kerja biasanya berhubungan dengan beban fisik, mental maupun sosial yang memengaruhi tenaga kerja. RSU Bethesda GMIM Tomohon memberikan pelayanan pada pasien dengan jumlah perawat 123 orang yang dibagi dalam beberapa ruangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara beban kerja dan kelelahan kerja dengan produktivitas kerja pada perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap RSU Bethesda GMIM Tomohon. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin didapatkan sebanyak 56 perawat sebagai responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square. Hasil pengujian terhadap hubungan antara beban kerja dengan produktivitas kerja mendapatkan nilai p=0,001 (α=0,05). Hasil pengujian terhadap hubungan antara kelelahan kerja dengan produk-tivitas kerja mendapatkan nilai p=0,001 (α=0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat hubungan antara beban kerja dan kelelahan kerja dengan produktivitas kerja pada perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap RSU Bethesda GMIM Tomohon.Kata kunci: produktivitas kerja, kelelahan kerja, beban kerja
Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Fraksi Etanol Rimpang Temu Kunci ( Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht) Terhadap Candida albicans Dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes Beserta Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipisnya
Authors: Saryanti Dwi 
Published: December 2019

Di Indonesia penyakit kulit dan kuku karena infeksi jamur masih sering dijumpai, terutama karena udara yang lembab dan panas, tingkat kesehatan yang kurang dan sanitasi lingkungan yang buruk. Penyakit tersebut di antaranya disebabkan oleh Candida albicans dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Di sisi lain beberapa tanaman yang berasal dari suku Zingiberaceae, antara lain tanaman temu ireng, kunyit, temu giring dan temu lawak telah dibuktikan mempunyai aktivitas antijamur oleh peneliti terdahulu. Temu kunci merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berasal dari suku Zingberaceae, untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian aktivitas fraksi etanol rimpang temu kunci (Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht) terhadap jamur Candida albicans dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Uji aktivitas antijamur dilakukan dengan metode dilusi padat. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa KBM fraksi etanol temu kunci terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans dan Trichophyton mentagrophytes adalah sama yaitu 4%. Uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis untuk meneliti kandungan senyawa dalam tanaman menggunakan fase gerak etil asetat : petroletum benzena (9:11) dengan pereaksi semprot vanilin-asam sulfat dan fase gerak etil asetat:metanol:air (100:13,5:10) dengan pereaksi semprot sitroborat dan uap NH3. Profil kromatrogram fraksi etanol temu kunci menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etanol temu kunci mengandung senyawa golongan terpenoid dan flavonoid.