bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sheltering megalithic Temples in Malta – evaluating the process through data collection and modelling
Authors: Valantinavicius M , Micallef D , Cassar J , Caruana J , Ciantelli C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since their excavation, a number of the sites listed as part of “The Megalithic Temples of Malta” inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage list have been afflicted by material and structural problems, including collapses. Therefore, three of these sites, the Ħaġar Qim, Mnajdra and Tarxien Temples, were protected by open-sided shelters, to address some of the principal causes of deterioration (e.g. direct rainfall, surface weathering, thermal stress). Environmental monitoring, condition assessments and biological surveys of the three sites took place before and after sheltering and are still in progress. To understand how the shelters are affecting these structures, a research programme has started aimed at analysing, through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the environmental data collected over a period of more than ten years. The aim of using CFD on the Temples is to provide detailed information on how different environmental conditions can affect the sites. For the CFD, macro and meso scale approaches will be used. The macroscale model represents the regional environment, including the all-terrain features around the Temples. Mesoscale modelling represents the Temple structures in a more detailed way. The final goal is to find confident correlations between CFD, and representative areas selected within the Temples showing particular deterioration patterns. All this information will be integrated with the results of in situ analyses to identify the causes of material deterioration and possibly mitigate against them.
The impact of cyclic loads on physicomechanical properties of the massive and vesicular basalts
Authors: Dursun F , Topal T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Stone monuments are the most visible and essential structures of our cultural heritage; however, many of the historical structures around the world are now suffering from stone deterioration. Diyarbakır City Walls, which were acknowledged the status of World Heritage Site by UNESCO, are among the most extensive surviving structures from ancient times. The City Walls have also some deterioration related problems. Basalts having such different textural properties as massive and vesicular were employed as the principal material in the construction of the Diyarbakır City Walls. Weathering is strongly related to the climatic and environmental conditions of the site. In order to evaluate the physical deterioration, environmental conditions were artificially simulated in accelerated weathering tests such as wetting-drying, freezing-thawing, and salt crystallization. For this purpose, 180 massive and vesicular basalt samples were prepared. The effects of these tests were evaluated by visual examination, weight loss, effective porosity, dry and saturated unit weights, water absorptions under atmospheric and vacuum pressure, sonic velocity and uniaxial compressive strength. It is found that the salt crystallization is the most effective accelerated weathering test deteriorating the basalt samples most aggressively.
Adaptive reuse, refurbishment and conservative rehabilitation of Cultural Heritage by means of Quality and Energy Sustainable Lighting.
Authors: Balocco Carla , Cecchi Martina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sustainable lighting designs, with a view to achieve an adaptive reuse, refurbishment and conservative rehabilitation of cultural heritage, focusing on lighting quality, mainly obtained from the optimal use of natural light combined with artificial one, is the main aim of our present research. A historical Florentine monastery, which was turned into a university library, i.e. Santa Marta University Library in Florence, was used as a pilot project. Energy saving, natural light control combined with artificial light regulation, sustainable and quality lighting by means of optic fiber textile integration, acted as fundamentals of the proposed sustainable adaptive, non-invasive, reversible and easily removable lighting design. The integrated use of natural light with LED systems and optic fibers by means of a command structure made with supervision and home automation systems based on Konnex, the first open building automation standard, allows lighting solutions for quality and environmental and energy sustainability in cultural heritage. Results showed that the proposed methodological approach allows lighting proposals with the aim of building adaptive reuse, based on architectural structure optimal use, historical–philological reading of the indoor environment, cultural heritage (CH) preventive protection and conservation, but also people and works of art “health and well-being”.
Assessing the Indoor Conditions of a 3rd Century AD Roman Domus by Dynamic Energy Simulation and Comparison with Vitruvian Hypothesis: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Cadelano G , Cicolin F , Enzi S , Emmi G , Mezzasalma G , Busana M S , Bernardi A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Roman best practices concerning construction technology were well consolidated and implemented in ancient times. These are traditionally belonging to Vitruvius, who coded the classic rules on architecture. Amongst these, the destination of use of the different rooms is paramount, especially in respect to the orientation of the building. Dynamic energy simulation software is a tool of proven effectiveness and of widespread diffusion in the field of building engineering. It is primarily used to evaluate and foreseen the effects that building stratigraphy, thermal loads and HVAC systems have on the indoor thermo-hygrometric conditions. In this study, such tool has been used to investigate ancient buildings, basing the analysis on reliable hypothesis about the original construction, partially assumed if the upper structures were missing, on the actual stratigraphy obtained from archaeological remains, and on the supposed ancient climate condition estimated from literature on ancient climate and archaeological evidences. The analyzed case study is a Roman domus that dates back to 3rd century AD, located in Piazza Nogara (Verona, Italy). The proposed method allows evaluating the indoor comfort conditions that occurred when the building was inhabited. Furthermore, simulating different building orientations, it is possible to verify if the actual destination of use of the rooms is the very best from an indoor microclimate standpoint.
Transformation of built cultural heritage in old Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City), Vietnam
Authors: Minh Hung Ngo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Saigon was founded by the army commander Nguyen Huu Canh in the seventeenth century. It became the capital of the French colony of Cochin-China in 1883, part of French Indochinese Union which lasted until 1945, and the capital of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) until 1975. It has diverse cultural characteristics and a unique urban form. It was described as ‘the pearl of the Far East’ during the 19th and 20th centuries. After the unification of North and South Vietnam in 1975, Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). The economic reform process, Doi Moi, which started in the late 1986s, transformed Vietnam from a highly centralized planned economy to a socialist-oriented market economy, and its cities, HCMC included, underwent significant new development. This paper aims to re-understand the nature of old Saigon’s establishment and identity to authentically consolidate new findings of the spatial development axis; re-assess the cultural significance of remaining places, which are needed to support the coming Master plan period 2040-2060 of HCMC towards sustainable conservation in a globalization context.
Experimental tests for mechanical properties of wooden ‘buttons’ used for attaching auxiliary supports behind panel paintings
Authors: Paola MAZZANTI , Lorenzo RIPARBELLI , Bertrand MARCON , Giulia FABIANI , Marco TOGNI , Luca UZIELLI , Ciro CASTELLI , Andrea SANTACESARIA 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
When wooden supports of panel paintings have been severely altered or damaged and the original crossbeams are missing, new crossbeams or other types of auxiliary supports can be connected to the panel’s back-face in order to achieve desired effects including panel strengthening and control of deformations. In order to make such connection, the Restorers of Opificio delle Pietre Dure use small wooden blocks, each glued on the back face of the panel, and holding freely the head of a screw connected (often by means of springs) to the auxiliary support; the English term ‘buttons’ has been proposed for such blocks. This research examines in depth how the shape (conical or cylindrical) and dimensions (diameter in the 20-30 mm range, and thickness in the 3-6 mm range) of the buttons, all made from oak wood, influence their stiffness and load-carrying capacity. Each button was glued onto a dummy beech board by means of epoxy structural resin; a 3 mm diameter steel screw was inserted in each button’s hole prior to gluing, so that its head remained ‘trapped’ between the button’s cavity and the board. A short-term mechanical test was performed with a universal testing machine by axially pulling out the screw from the button. Load and displacement were recorded, and the load–displacement curves were analysed. The results showed that within the tested range: a) the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the buttons is only influenced by the residual thickness above the screw head, b) nor the shape nor the external diameter of the buttons have any influence on their mechanical properties, c) the stiffness (slope of the straight part of the load-displacement curve) of the connection depends only on the embedding of the screw head into the wood (i.e. mainly on the wood density).
Communicating Heritage Through Contemporary Art Based on Technologies: a Proposal for the Heritage Sites in the WARMEST project
Authors: García-López A , Mazuecos-Sánchez A B 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An integrative and innovative communication model to enhance the knowledge, comprehension and delectation of cultural and natural heritage through technology-based contemporary art is described. By relating these two traditionally dissociated fields (heritage and contemporary art), a particular form of dialogue between them occurs and it is transferred to society within an emotional and intellectual discourse away from those merely informative. The heritage sites Alhambra Lions Court in Granada (Spain), Santa Croce’s second cloister in Florence (Italy) and Marzamemi underwater Wreck of Church (Italy) are under study in the framework of the European research and knowledge transfer project, WARMEST3. A strategy of communication based on pieces and actions of contemporary art will be proposed to set up a new frame in the diffusion of the cultural and natural legacy. That will encourage its preservation and, at the same time, will set up a new research line around site specific art work related to heritage sites communication.
Heritage Evaluation: restoration plan through HBIM and MCDA
Authors: Acampa G , Grasso M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study is prompted by the activity carried out within a EU funded project (WARMEST)[1] whose goal is to analyze monuments’ degradation due to factors such as climate change and growing number of tourists, create a model to describe and anticipate the phenomena, and put in place a user-friendly Decision Support System that will help in setting preventive maintenance plans. As part of the project, we had the chance to study in depth the degradation at the Patio de Los Leones, the core of the world-famous site of the Alhambra and Generalife, which attracts to Granada in Spain where they are located over 2 million tourists per year. The paper aims to define a new methodology to assess the level of urgency to restore the 124 columns of the Patio de Los Leones (Alhambra). It is not easy to identify all the factors affecting the columns’ deterioration and to establish which should be restored first. Our approach is to collect all the data regarding the decay factor and use multi criteria decision aid methods such us the Analytic Hierarchy Process in order to create a hierarchy among all columns according to their decay. We also will create an HBIM model of the Patio del Los Leones in order to optimize the management and maintenance of the columns. HBIM model can also optimize the data management and enable to compare results (in this case data about columns decay) over time.
Experimental analysis of colour constancy and colour augmentation for painting classification by artistic genre: preliminary results
Authors: Bianconi Francesco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Automatic painting classification by author, artistic genre and/or other attributes has generated considerable research interest in recent years. Being one of the visual features that mark the difference between artists and artistic genres, colour plays a fundamental role in this process. Colour is the result of the interaction among the intrinsic properties of the material, the illumination conditions and the response of the imaging device. Consequently, the same painting/artwork will look significantly different when imaged under varied conditions, which can be a potential source of bias for automated recognition procedures. One can compensate for such variations either via colour calibration or colour pre-processing. In this work we investigate the latter, and, in particular, evaluate the effectiveness of colour constancy and colour augmentation when coupled with hand-crafted and deep learning features for painting classification by artistic genre. In our experiments neither approach showed a clear advantage compared with no pre-processing at all. Colour constancy brought some improvement in certain cases, whereas colour augmentation virtually provided no benefit despite its adding a significant computational overload to the procedure.
The Sensorial Dimension of the Contemporary Museum between Design and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Capece Sonia , Chivăran Camelia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, society passes through a moment of transition, in which technological progress has offered the possibility, as well as the challenge, of gathering and transmitting an infinity of information in such short time. In this context, the museum transforms, it becomes a sensitive organism that modifies the visitor-artwork relationship, introducing new models of interaction and fruition. Design in line with digital technologies play a determinative role in this transformation, generating new languages and experimentations that multiply the levels of artwork narration, introducing new temporal dimensions and exhibition paradigms. Despite the considerable progress accomplished in recent years both by research and industry in the fields of acquisition techniques, digitalization, computer graphics, visualization, most of the applications for the communication of cultural heritage on site and on line still have many limitations concerning their ability of engaging the users. They often lack narrative metaphors, sensorial and emotional involvement, while interaction interfaces may appear hostile for a considerable part of the visitors. Starting from the most appropriate learning style to the characteristics regarding the user’s identity, he has the necessity to enter a space, be it real or virtual, able to stimulate him towards future insights and knowledge acquisition. Storytelling and perception come into play in order to build experience, which needs to engage the visitor emotionally, but it must also be capable of not subtracting him to the real visit. It has to offer valid hints, but it must not become a substitute of reality, while technologies must not transform into barriers, but into an opening towards a future accessible to all. With the forthcoming objective of understanding how to overcome limitations and build enhanced fruition and adaptive, personalised interaction models where the visitor stays at the centre of the design scene, this paper analyses the current transformations, providing a general view of national and international experiences that use the technological potential in an innovative way, defining best practices in the field. The connections between user and technology related to space and time will be highlighted, as well as the storytelling methods and the interactive, engaging and sensorial visitor - museum experiences.
The Development of Popular Music Heritage: exploring an AR exhibition
Authors: Wang Yu-Tzu , Anastopoulou Stamatina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between digital technologies and preservation of popular music heritage and focuses on the AR exhibition, David Bowie Is. Through the lens of discourse analysis, it discusses the interpretation of the popular music and its various digital narratives, the authenticity of user experiences, and how museum functions can be promoted by virtual exhibitions. It provides multiple narratives to tell Bowie’s untold stories and experiments on music, stage, and costumes that questioned gender and social norms. It creates authentic experiences for the audience through offering augmented information on exhibits that arouse the audience’s emotions and trigger their memories. The AR exhibition can also help to promote the museum’s functions due to access without boundaries, digital preservation and enhancing the museum’s educational role. The paper suggests that this AR exhibition offers new ways for museums to preserve popular music and different experiences of listening with potential commercial value.
From Text to Model: Translating the Estatutos da Província de Santa Maria da Arrábida
Authors: Rafeiro J , Tomé A , Luís Inglês Fontes João 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A primary text for understanding the architecture of Franciscan convents in Portugal is the 17th century Estatutos da Província de Santa Maria da Arrábida that outlines rules to the construction of convents belonging to the Arrábida province. Beyond articulating the conduct of daily life within the convents, the rules also describe the required spaces of the building accompanied by maximum dimensions to maintain consistent austerity across the order. The research presented in this paper discusses ongoing approaches to visualize these rules from an architectural lens in order to better understand the contents of the document both in-themselves and to how they manifest themselves in specific instances of convents across the province. One approach of the study combines text analysis and visualization through digital modelling and 3D printing. By first visualizing the spaces and relations of the ideal convent as described through a set of volumetric digital models, a comparison was later made between the dimensions and arrangement of these ideals to specific instances found in convents of the same time period, region and Franciscan reform. Another approach of the study uses photographic and photogrammetric surveys of details and spaces found across four convents of the Arrábida province in order to compare and visualize the scale and configuration of common elements – both described by the text and not. Overall, the paper also aims to demonstrate how new tools in digital heritage can assist in the study and dissemination of the otherwise invisible dimensions of heritage buildings.
Visual Question Answering for Cultural Heritage
Authors: Bongini Pietro , Becattini Federico , Bagdanov Andrew D. , Del Bimbo Alberto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Technology and the fruition of cultural heritage are becoming increasingly more entwined, especially with the advent of smart audio guides, virtual and augmented reality, and interactive installations. Machine learning and computer vision are important components of this ongoing integration, enabling new interaction modalities between user and museum. Nonetheless, the most frequent way of interacting with paintings and statues still remains taking pictures. Yet images alone can only convey the aesthetics of the artwork, lacking is information which is often required to fully understand and appreciate it. Usually this additional knowledge comes both from the artwork itself (and therefore the image depicting it) and from an external source of knowledge, such as an information sheet. While the former can be inferred by computer vision algorithms, the latter needs more structured data to pair visual content with relevant information. Regardless of its source, this information still must be be effectively transmitted to the user. A popular emerging trend in computer vision is Visual Question Answering (VQA), in which users can interact with a neural network by posing questions in natural language and receiving answers about the visual content. We believe that this will be the evolution of smart audio guides for museum visits and simple image browsing on personal smartphones. This will turn the classic audio guide into a smart personal instructor with which the visitor can interact by asking for explanations focused on specific interests. The advantages are twofold: on the one hand the cognitive burden of the visitor will decrease, limiting the flow of information to what the user actually wants to hear; and on the other hand it proposes the most natural way of interacting with a guide, favoring engagement.
Forensic Imaging for Art Diagnostics. What Evidence Should We Trust?
Authors: Pelagotti A , Piva A , Uccheddu F , Shullani D , Alberghina M F , Schiavone S , Massa E , Menchetti C M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Diagnostics digital images are often used to assess artworks. However, as all digital images they are also concerned by the issue of integrity. Computer vision techniques can be employed to obtain physical evidence of possible tampering. In this paper we explore the possibility to apply state of the art forensic algorithms to typical painting diagnostic images, taking into consideration real case studies. State of the art algorithms have been applied to genuine and modified diagnostic images to detect if, and how, forgeries of such images could be automatically detected and documented. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that such investigation is made. Results of the aforementioned tests prove that automatic assessment of the integrity of diagnostic images is challenging and that there are no reliable solutions currently available.
Bridging the Gap between 3D Navigation and Semantic Search. The INCEPTION platform
Authors: Iadanza Ernesto , Maietti Federica , Medici Marco , Ferrari Federico , Turillazzi Beatrice , Di Giulio Roberto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the main outcomes and future development of the INCEPTION project, “Inclusive Cultural Heritage in Europe through 3D semantic modelling”, funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme Europe in a changing world – inclusive, innovative and reflective Societies (Call Reflective-7-2014, Advanced 3D modelling for accessing and understanding European cultural assets) and completed in May 2019. In particular, the key-targeted project achievement will be presented: a specific cloud-based platform conceived to accomplish the main objectives of accessing, understanding and strengthening European Cultural Heritage by means of enriched 3D models. The need for digital data interpretation, in addition to documentation, guided the overall process of the cross-disciplinary work methodology, based on new methods and tools for 3D surveying and H-BIM modelling, new approaches and methodologies for Cultural Heritage 3D data inclusive access and exploitation by means of the Platform.