bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic regulation of the endotracheal tube cuff pressure with a portable elastomeric device. A randomized controlled study
Authors: Dauvergne Jérôme E , GEFFRAY Anne-Laure , ASEHNOUNE Karim , ROZEC Bertrand , LAKHAL Karim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Endotracheal tube cuff underinflation contributes to microaspiration of contaminated oropharyngeal content, source of pneumonia. Overinflation exposes to airway damage. Intermittent manual adjustment of the cuff pressure (P cuff ) may delay the detection of under- or overinflation. Devices for automated continuous adjustment of P cuff are promising but some are inconvenient, expensive or even harmful. This prospective randomized controlled study tested whether the Tracoe Smart Cuff Manager TM reduced the rate of patients undergoing ≥1 episode of underinflation (P cuff <20 cmH 2 O), as compared with routine manual P cuff adjustment. Secondary endpoints included comparisons of the rate of patients with ≥1 overinflation episode (P cuff >30 cmH 2 O), of the incidence of under- and overinflation episodes and of their magnitude. Methods Patients likely to receive invasive mechanical ventilation for >48 hours because of acute brain injury were randomly allocated to receive, during 48 hours, automated P cuff adjustment (combined with manual adjustment) or manual adjustment alone. In each group, P cuff was measured with a dedicated manual manometer, at least every 8 hours. Results Sixty patients were analyzed (28 patients with automated and 32 with manual P cuff adjustment) for 506 measurements of P cuff (237 and 269, respectively). As compared with manual adjustment, automated adjustment of P cuff was associated with 1) a lower rate of patients with ≥1 episode of underinflation (63% and 18%, respectively, p<0.001), 2) a lower incidence of underinflation episodes (15% vs. 2%;p<0.001), 3) a lower rate of manual adjustments (77% vs. 56%;p<0.001) and 4) manual adjustments of lower magnitude (5.9±4.5 vs. 3.6±4.7 cmH 2 O;p<0.001). For overinflation, there was no significant between-groups differences (p>0.99). Conclusions The adjunction of a continuous P cuff control with the Tracoe Smart Cuff Manager TM to routine manual intermittent adjustment reduced both the incidence of P cuff underinflation episodes and their magnitude without provoking overinflation.
Spatial pattern and Factors associated with khat chewing among adult males 15-59 years in Ethiopia, EDHS 2016. Generalized Estimating Equation Approach
Authors: Tadesse Zemenu Tessema , Zeleke Tadele Amare 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and wildly practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic and mental health. Therefore, this study aims to show spatial patterns and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods A total of 12,594 men who chew khat in their were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial pattern chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. The robust standard error method of generalized estimating equations was used for the binary outcome variable from the clustered data and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were reported. Results A total of 12,594 participants were included in the analysis. The prevalence of ever khat chewing in this study was 3418 (27.14%) with 95% CI 26.37% to 27.92%. From EDHS 2016 survey the high proportion of chewing khat was located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (RR= 4.02, P-value < 0.001) was identified. Age group 30-44 (AOR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.62), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion (AOR=4.91, 95% CI: 3.69, 8.19), media exposure (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), working status(AOR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.53), alcohol drinking (AOR=2.91, 95% CI: 2.43, 3.39) and region were statistically significant factors affecting chewing Khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions The prevalence of chewing chat in Ethiopia was high and located in Diredawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somai and Benishangu Gumuz Regions. Older age group, single, drinker, media unexposed, had no work and Muslim religion follower should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat. Therefore, it is good to teach the health impact of khat chewing through media.
Structure, Water Permeability and Metabolism of Tilia miqueliana seeds during imbibition and dormancy&nbsp;release process
Authors: WU YU , Shen Bao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The mechanical barrier and low permeability of seed coat and endosperm may be the main obstacle to the imbibition and dormancy release of Tilia miqueliana seeds. MRI, SEM, TEM and PSD were used to study the structure, water permeability and metabolism of control seeds and H 2 SO 4 treated seeds during imbibition and dormancy release. The results showed that H 2 SO 4 treatment greatly improved the permeability of seed coat and endosperm, accelerated the metabolism of high electron density substances in endosperm cells, and shortened the process of seed dormancy release and germination. At the same time, protoplasts that eventually developed into vascular bundles were surprisingly found in cotyledons and radicles.
Soil moisture distribution under trickle irrigation: a review
Authors: Bajpai Arpna , Kaushal Arun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe wetting pattern of soil under trickle (drip) irrigation is governed by soil texture, structure, initial water content, emitter spacing, discharge rate and irrigation frequency. For efficient management of trickle irrigation moisture distribution plays an important role. The degree of soil wetted volume in an irrigation system determines the amount of water required to wet the root zone. This article helps in understanding moisture distribution for different lateral spacing, emitter spacing, emitter discharge rates and drip line installation depth for trickle irrigation under various soil conditions all over the world. This review reveals that soil moisture distribution and uniformity within the soil profile were affected by the distance between emitters rather than the distance between drip lines. In drip irrigation systems, the less the dripper spacing, the greater the moisture distribution as well as water use efficiency and crop yield. The radial spread of moisture was greater at lower water application rates, whereas the vertical spread was greater at higher water application rates. The vertical movement of soil moisture was greater than the horizontal movement under surface as well as subsurface drip irrigation systems. Deeper drip tape installations had a potential risk of not providing moisture to shallow rooted crops.
Teaching Hands-On Informatics Skills to Future Health Informaticians: A Competency Framework Proposal and Analysis of Health Care Informatics Curricula
Authors: Sapci A Hasan , Sapci H Aylin 
Published: January 2020

Background
Existing health informatics curriculum requirements mostly use a competency-based approach rather than a skill-based one.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to assess the current skills training requirements in graduate health informatics curricula to evaluate graduate students’ confidence in specific health informatics skills.

Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional observational study was developed to evaluate published health informatics curriculum requirements and to determine the comprehensive health informatics skill sets required in a research university in New York, United States. In addition, a questionnaire to assess students’ confidence about specific health informatics skills was developed and sent to all enrolled and graduated Master of Science students in a health informatics program.

Results
The evaluation was performed in a graduate health informatics program, and analysis of the students’ self-assessments questionnaire showed that 79.4% (81/102) of participants were not confident (not at all confident or slightly confident) about developing an artificial intelligence app, 58.8% (60/102) were not confident about designing and developing databases, and 54.9% (56/102) were not confident about evaluating privacy and security infrastructure. Less than one-third of students (24/105, 23.5%) were confident (extremely confident and very confident) that they could evaluate the use of data capture technologies and develop mobile health informatics apps (10/102, 9.8%).

Conclusions
Health informatics programs should consider specialized tracks that include specific skills to meet the complex health care delivery and market demand, and specific training components should be defined for different specialties. There is a need to determine new competencies and skill sets that promote inductive and deductive reasoning from diverse and various data platforms and to develop a comprehensive curriculum framework for health informatics skills training.
Annotation Guideline No. 7: Guidelines for annotation of narrative structure
Authors: Wirén Mats , Ek Adam , Kasaty Anna 
Published: January 2020

Analysis of narrative structure can be said to answer the question “Who tells what, and how?”. The first part of the question thus concerns aspects such as who is narrating, whether it is a character in the story or not, and if it is a first-person or third-person narrator. The second part is related to the story and its basic elements: characters and events, and how the sequence of events forms a plot. The third part concerns how the narrative text is constructed: ordering of the events, the perspective from which the story is seen, how much information the narrator has access to, etc.
Crizotinib versus chemotherapy: a real-world cost–effectiveness study in China
Authors: Huang Meijuan , Tian Yuke , He Mingmin , Liu Juan , Ren Li , Gong Youling , Peng Feng , Wang Yongsheng , Ding Zhenyu , Wang Jin , Zhu Jiang , Xu Yong , Liu Yongmei , Li Lanting , Lu You 
Published: January 2020

Aim:
To assess the cost–effectiveness of crizotinib verses platinum-based doublet chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the real-world setting.
Methods:
Data from 163 advanced ALK positive NSCLC patients were collected from West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Chengdu, China). They were categorized into two groups as treated with crizotinib (n = 83) or chemotherapy (n = 80) as a first-line therapy. The progression-free survival (PFS) as the primary clinical outcome, and the direct medical costs were collected from hospital information systems. Incremental cost–effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated with costs, quality-adjusted life-years, as well as the costs discounted at 3% annually. Additionally, two different kinds of medical insurance (MI) for pharma-economic assessment were considered.
Results:
Crizotinib improved PFS versus chemotherapy in ALK positive patients (median PFS 19.67 m vs 5.47 m; p < 0.001). Moreover, crizotinib obtained an ICER of US$36,285.39 before the end of 2016, when crizotinib, pemetrexed and anti-angiogenesis drugs were not MI covered. This is more than the willingness to pay threshold (three-times of gross domestic product per capita in mainland China or Sichuan Province). However, ICER was US$7321.16, which is less than willingness to pay, when crizotinib and all chemotherapy drugs were covered by MI from the end of 2016. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated a 99.7% probability for crizotinib to be more cost-effective than chemotherapy, when crizotinib and all anticancer drugs were MI covered. One-way sensitivity analysis for the reimbursement ratio of crizotinib indicated that cost-effective tendency for crizotinib increased as reimbursement ratio increased.
Conclusion:
Crizotinib could be an effective, and cost-effective first-line treatment for ALK positive advanced NSCLC with the MI coverage currently available in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Tribotechnical properties of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene filled with sulfur, diphenylguanidine and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole
Authors: Danilova S. N. , Dyakonov A. A. , Vasiliev A. P. , Gerasimova Y. S. , Okhlopkova A. A. , Sleptsova S. A. 
Published: January 2020

The paper studies tribotechnical properties, hardness and density of composites based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) filled with sulfur, diphenylguanidine (DFG) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and their mixtures. It has been established that the introduction of selected fillers has practically no effect on hardness and density of the composites, but leads to a significant (by 2–3 times) increase in the wear resistance of materials. Using electron microscopy, it has been established that secondary structures are formed in composites containing MBT that protect the surface layer of the material from wear. Using IR spectroscopy, it was established that tribochemical reactions occur during the wear of composites with the formation of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. The developed materials UHMWPE / MBT and UHMWPE / FGD / MBT have high wear resistance and can be used as materials for tribological purposes.
Melanoma maligno gastrointestinal de origen primario desconocido: reporte de caso
Authors: Cifuentes A Sandra Patricia , Santacruz Rendón Sandra Lorena 
Published: January 2020

Una de las características inusuales del melanoma cutáneo es la capacidad de metastatizar en el intestino delgado. A menudo se diagnostica durante la autopsia, en la cual se ha encontrado depósitos metastásicos en el 50%-60% de los casos, pero menos del 2% al 4% de los pacientes con diagnóstico de melanoma tiene metástasis gastrointestinal (GI) durante el curso de la enfermedad y entre el 4%-9% de casos de melanoma GI tiene un primario desconocido. La rápida identificación y resección del melanoma en el tracto digestivo podría mejorar la tasa de supervivencia en aquellos pacientes en los que se presentan complicaciones, como obstrucción intestinal.
Se presenta un caso clínico de melanoma gastrointestinal de origen primario desconocido. El porcentaje de este tipo de casos es poco frecuente. La paciente presentó cuadro clínico de náuseas, hiporexia, epigastralgia, fatiga, parestesias en región dorsal derecha y disminución de 9 kilogramos en 3 semanas. Le realizaron tomografía computarizada (TAC) de abdomen contrastado, que reportó 3 lesiones en hígado de predominio isodenso en el parénquima, con algunas áreas de menor densidad al interior, localizadas en los segmentos 2, 5, 7 y 8 del hígado al que se le realizó la biopsia. Se llevó a cabo endoscopia de vías digestivas altas con biopsia de 2 lesiones hiperpigmentadas en la segunda porción de duodeno. El examen histopatológico de las biopsias evidenció melanoma maligno. Se excluyeron todas las localizaciones típicas de melanoma primario durante el procedimiento diagnóstico.
Carcinoma escamocelular del canal anal metastásico en un paciente con VIH tratado con quimiorradioterapia concomitante. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Osma Charris Handerson Rafael , Bonilla González Carlos Eduardo , Oliveros Wilches Ricardo , Vargas Díaz Henry Alexander , Beltrán Saavedra Julián Alberto , Melo Uribe Mario Alexander 
Published: January 2020

El carcinoma del canal anal es responsable de hasta el 4% de los casos de cáncer de colon, recto y ano; el tipo histológico más común es el carcinoma escamocelular. Una proporción no despreciable de pacientes se presenta con enfermedad metastásica al momento del diagnóstico. En estos estadios, el pronóstico es pobre y su tratamiento usualmente se basa en quimioterapia paliativa con cisplatino y 5-fluorouracilo, con tasas de supervivencia que no superan el 30% a 5 años. Algunos estudios recientes han sugerido que el tratamiento multidisciplinario con quimiorradiación, que se brinda en estadios más tempranos de la enfermedad, podría mejorar la supervivencia en un grupo seleccionado de pacientes.
A continuación, presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 54 años con carcinoma escamocelular del canal anal con compromiso metastásico extenso y con VIH atendido en una institución especializada en el manejo de cáncer, en el cual se logró remisión completa de la enfermedad luego del manejo con quimiorradioterapia concomitante con mitomicina C y 5-fluorouracilo y se mantiene en remisión después de cerca de 4 años de haberse suspendido el tratamiento. Se discute el caso y se revisa la literatura al respecto.
THE EFFECT OF STUDENT REFLECTION QUALITY ON A TECHNICAL WRITING ASSIGNMENT RESUBMISSION
Authors: Yekani Rana , Bluteau Sarah , Omelon Sidney 
Published: January 2020

The role of reflection and self-regulation in academic performance was tested using the "Exam Wrapper" strategy with a writing assignment for a technical elective course. The technical writing assignment involved the creation of a detailed outline for a technical report. This outline was submitted for grading and feedback before a subsequent extended technical report assignment. The outline was graded by the course teaching assistant, following a detailed grading rubric.
After receiving the grade and feedback, students could resubmit a revised outline for re-grading, and include a reflection on the circumstances of their performance. Using the grading rubric, the resubmission was graded by the course instructor. A second graduate student evaluated the student reflection quality, and the resubmission quality.
The effect of the self-reflection quality on re-submitted assignment improvement was assessed. The average grade improvement for students who resubmitted a reflection was +15.1 % (n=16), and for students who resubmitted without a reflection was +6.3 % (n=3). The difference between the average resubmitted and first submission grades positively correlated with reflection quality. These results suggest that a reflection exercise associated with a resubmission has potential to improve student technical writing quality.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIRECT INTERACTION MODEL–ASSISTED MACROMEDIA FLASH ON COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS MATERIAL
Authors: Fatayah Fatayah , Purwanto Kriesna Kharisma 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of direct instruction model-assisted macromedia flash. The effectiveness of the learning model are measured by two indicators, that are the activities of students during learning and the level of completeness of student learning outcomes after learning activities. From the analysis of the data it is known that the activities of students during learning are at scores 4 and 5, the average cognitive score of students is 78 and the lowest score was 76. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the application of direct instruction model based on macromedia flash is effective to reduce student learning difficulties Class XII IPA MA Al-Khoiriyah Dalegan Panceng on the colligative properties of the solutions material. Keywords: effectiveness, direct instruction model, macromedia flash, colligative properties of solutions
PENGARUH KETERAMPILAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN KOMPETENSI GURU TERHADAP MUTU LAYANAN PENDIDIKAN SMA SWASTA DI KOTA TEGAL
Authors: Setiani Desi Arief , Sunandar Sunandar , Yuliejantiningsih Yovitha 
Published: January 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengetahui pengaruh keterampilan kepala sekolah terhadap mutu layanan pendidikan SMA swasta, 2) mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi guru terhadap mutu layanan pendidikan SMA Swasta 3) mengetahui pengaruh keterampilan kepala sekolah dan kompetensi guru secara bersama-sama terhadap mutu layanana pendidikan SMA Swasta di Kota TegalPopulasi penelitian ini 148 guru SMA Swasta di Kota Tegal. Sampel 148 guru diambil proportional random sampling. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji prasyarat serta uji hipotesis yang meliputi analisis regresi sederhana dan rgreasi ganda digunakan program SPSS.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skor rata-rata keterampilan kepala sekolah adalah 201,54 dikategorikan tinggi, skor rata-rata kompetensi guru adalah 234,77 dikategorikan tinggi, skor rata-rata mutu layanan pendidikan adalah 399,32 dikategorikan tinggi. Pada keterampilan kepala sekolah indikator terendah menyelesaikan konflik, variabel kompetensi guru indikator terendah pada evaluasi pembelajaran, sedangkan pada variabel mutu layanan pendidikan indikator terendah pada perencanaan pembelajaran.Disarankan kepala sekolah merubah konflik tersebut menjurus ke hal positif, serta memberikan bimbingan kepada guru dan memperbaiki mutu proses belajar mengajar dengan cara mengagendakan pelaksanaan workshop dengan guru sehingga meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran serta melibatkan peran masyarakat dankemitraan untuk mendukung program sekolah.
A randomized clinical trial study on the effectiveness of a tele-analogy-based problem-solving programme for people with acquired brain injury (ABI)
Authors: Man David W.K. , Soong W.Y.L. , Tam S.F. , Hui-Chan Christina W.Y. 
Published: January 2020

Primary objective: The present study reports the results of 103 persons with acquired brain injury who were randomly assigned to one of three 20-session analogy problem-solving skill training groups, namely: online training (through computer video conferencing with interactive software); computer-assisted training (through interactive patient-directed software); therapist administered training (face-to-face therapist guided training activities); and a “no-treatment” control group. Research design: Pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design. Main outcome and results: Individuals' problem-solving skills and self-efficacy in all four groups were assessed over a four-week period. Overall, the training methods were found to be effective in improving problem solving skills regardless of the modes of delivery (except in the case of the control group). The continuous “human touch” characteristics of the therapist-administered group showed significant better improvements in self-efficacy in problem-solving. Conclusion: The statistically significantly improvement in problem solving skills in the online-group suggests that this approach could effectively improve cognitive functions of person with ABI and yield training outcomes comparable to other modes of delivery such as the face-to-face training. The conceptualization and applicability of tele-cognitive rehabilitation, its implications for persons with ABI, and future studies in this research area are also discussed.