bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in ZmTIP1 contributes to root hair elongation and drought tolerance in maize
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Mi Yue , Mao Hude , Liu Shengxue , Chen Limei , Qin Feng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryDrought is a major abiotic stress that threatens maize production globally. A previous genome‐wide association study identified a significant association between the natural variation of ZmTIP1 and the drought tolerance of maize seedlings. Here, we report on comprehensive genetic and functional analysis, indicating that ZmTIP1, which encodes a functional S‐acyltransferase, plays a positive role in regulating the length of root hairs and the level of drought tolerance in maize. We show that enhancing ZmTIP1 expression in transgenic Arabidopsis and maize increased root hair length, as well as plant tolerance to water deficit. In contrast, ZmTIP1 transposon‐insertional mutants displayed the opposite phenotype. A calcium‐dependent protein kinase, ZmCPK9, was identified as a substrate protein of ZmTIP1, and ZmTIP1‐mediated palmitoylation of two cysteine residues facilitated the ZmCPK9 PM association. The results of this research enrich our knowledge about ZmTIP1‐mediated protein S‐acylation modifications in relation to the regulation of root hair elongation and drought tolerance. Additionally, the identification of a favourable allele of ZmTIP1 also provides a valuable genetic resource or selection target for the genetic improvement of maize.
PpGST1, an anthocyanin‐related glutathione S‐transferase gene, is essential for fruit coloration in peach
Authors: Zhao Yun , Dong Weiqi , Zhu Yongchao , Allan Andrew C. , Lin‐Wang Kui , Xu Changjie 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAnthocyanins have crucial biological functions and affect quality of horticultural produce. Anthocyanins accumulate in ripe peach fruit; differential accumulation is observed in deep coloured cultivar ‘Hujingmilu’ and lightly pigmented cultivar ‘Yulu’. The difference was not fully explained by accumulation of total flavonoids and expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Expression analysis was conducted on a glutathione S‐transferase gene (PpGST1), and it was found that the expression correlated well with anthocyanin accumulation in peach fruit tissues. Functional complementation of the Arabidopsis tt19 mutant indicated that PpGST1 was responsible for transport of anthocyanins but not proanthocyanidins. PpGST1 was localized in nuclei and the tonoplast, including the sites at which anthocyanin vacuolar sequestration occurred. Transient overexpression of PpGST1 together with PpMYB10.1 in tobacco leaves and peach fruit significantly increased anthocyanin accumulation as compared with PpMYB10.1 alone. Furthermore, virus‐induced gene silencing of PpGST1 in a blood‐fleshed peach not only resulted in a reduction in anthocyanin accumulation but also a decline in expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes. Cis‐element analysis of the PpGST1 promoter revealed the presence of four MYB binding sites (MBSs). Dual‐luciferase assays indicated that PpMYB10.1 bound to the promoter and activated the transcription of PpGST1 by recognizing MBS1, the one closest to the ATG start codon, with this trans‐activation being stronger against the promoter of deep coloured ‘Hujingmilu’ compared with lightly coloured cultivar ‘Yulu’. Altogether, our data provided molecular evidence supporting coordinative regulatory roles of PpGST1 and PpMYB10.1 in anthocyanin accumulation in peach.
Salinity tolerance of wild barley Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum
Authors: Ebrahim Fatemeh , Arzani Ahmad , Rahimmalek Mehdi , Sun Dongfa , Peng Junhua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSalinity tolerance of 47 wild barley genotypes and six barley cultivars was evaluated under control and salinity stress (300 mM NaCl) conditions. Shoot and root dry weight (DW), plant height, membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content, survival rate, leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents, root and leaf Na, K, Ca and K/Na ratio, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were measured. Salinity stress caused significant increase in the MDA, proline content, Na and Ca concentrations of the roots and leaves, but resulted in a decrease in the other traits. H. spontaneum genotypes were considerably less affected by the salinity than the genotypes of H. vulgare. Plant survivability was negatively correlated with the Na concentration (r =−.66) but positively correlated with the leaf K/Na ratio (r = .67) and MSI (r = .68). Tolerance mechanisms such as ion exclusion (Na) were likely to be present in the wild barley causing K/Na homeostasis as well as the much lower root and shoot Na, resulting in the higher survival rate.
Epidermal keratin 5 expression and distribution is under dermal influence
Authors: Cario Muriel , Pain Catherine , Kaulanjan‐Checkmodine Priscilla , Masia Daniela , Delia Gabriele , Casoli Vincent , Costet Pierre , Goussot Jean‐François , Guyonnet‐Duperat Véronique , Bibeyran Alice , Ezzedine Khaled , Reymermier Corinne , Andre‐Frei Valérie , Taieb Alain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHuman skin melanin pigmentation is regulated by systemic and local factors. According to the type of melanin produced by melanocytes, the transfer and degradation of melanosomes differ, thus accounting for most variations between ethnicities. We made the surprising observation that in a drastically changed environment, white and black phenotypes are reversible since Caucasian skin grafted onto nude mice can become black with all black phenotypic characteristics. Black xenografts differed essentially from other grafts by the levels of epidermal FGF‐2 and keratin 5. In vitro analysis confirmed that FGF‐2 directly regulates keratin 5. Interestingly, this phenomenon may be involved in human pathology. Keratin 5 mutations in Dowling–Degos Disease (DDD) have already been associated with the pheomelanosome–eumelanosome transition. In a DDD patient, keratin 5 was expressed in the basal and spinous layers, as observed in black xenografts. Furthermore, in a common age‐related hyperpigmentation disorder like senile lentigo (SL), keratin 5 distribution is also altered. In conclusion, modulation of keratin 5 expression and distribution either due to mutations or factors may account for the development of pigmentary disorders.
“The Panhandle is Different than the Peninsula”: How Rural Colleges in Florida Implemented Education Reform
Authors: Nix Amanda N. , Bertrand Jones Tamara , Hu Shouping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen it comes to the creation of higher education policy, state legislators are challenged with addressing the diverse academic needs of college students enrolled across a spectrum of institutions. In this paper, we explore how 203 individuals at five rural‐serving colleges in Florida engaged in state‐wide developmental education (DE) reform using the theoretical framework of “situated cognition.” Specifically, we ask whether the colleges implemented DE reform in unique ways that may have differed from their non‐rural counterparts and what their rationale was for doing so. Our work indicates that institutional culture and capacity generated a combination of strengths and constraints in how reform played out in a rural context. In some ways, a rural‐serving identity made colleges more flexible and better able to adjust their advising and curricular structures to comply with the mandates of SB 1720. But in other ways, rural‐serving institutions lacked the resources necessary to adequately support students and campus personnel through this dramatic transition toward new ways of providing DE. In looking toward the passage and implementation of future education reform, we call upon policymakers to consider more deeply the design of policies to ensure they support rural and non‐rural colleges alike.
What Is In a (Non‐) Significant Finding? Moving Beyond False Dichotomies
Authors: Steenbergen Marco R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne of the most problematic aspect of p‐values is the tendency to dichotomize, whereby statistical significance is equated with scientifically worthwhile and insignificance with worthless findings. This article outlines two approaches that move beyond such dichotomies: minimum Bayes factors and the analysis of credibility. Their use is illustrated through a simple example. The examples show that significant findings may not always be as telling as statistical significance would suggest, whereas non‐significant findings may contain considerable evidence about effects.
The Effect of Neighborhood Limited English Proficiency on Third Graders' Reading Achievement in Public Elementary Schools in the U.S. State of Georgia
Authors: Ghimire Ramesh , Topple Trasie A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveWe analyze the effect of neighborhood limited English proficiency on third graders' reading achievement in public elementary schools in the U.S. state of Georgia.MethodsNeighborhood limited English proficiency and school‐related outcomes are more likely to be endogenously determined at the neighborhood level. We correct for this endogeneity concern using foreign‐born population as the instrument for neighborhood limited English proficiency.ResultsOur results show that a 1 percentage point increase in limited English proficient households in the census tract reduced proficient learners and above on third‐grade reading by 0.20 percentage point in the U.S. state of Georgia.ConclusionImproving neighborhood characteristics may help improve students' achievement.
Bacterial infections in children after liver transplantation: A single‐center surveillance study of 345 consecutive transplantations
Authors: Dohna Schwake Christian , Guiddir Tamazoust , Cuzon Gaelle , Benissa Mohamed‐Rida , Dubois Cécile , Miatello Jordi , Merchaoui Zied , Durand Philippe , Tissieres Pierre ,   For the Bicêtre Pediatric Liver Transplant Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfectious complications after pediatric liver transplantation frequently occur and are potentially serious. Data concerning strictly defined bacterial infections and their associated risk factors are lacking.MethodsFor the pediatric liver transplant postoperative period, we analyzed data from the nosocomial infection surveillance (2006‐2015).ResultsA total of 235 bacterial infections in 162 transplantations (47%) occurred, including 32 bacterial pneumonia cases, 104 surgical site infections, 27 urinary tract infections, and 40 bloodstream infections. Sepsis was diagnosed in 127 cases (54%), severe sepsis in 22 (9%) cases, and septic shock in 41 (17%) cases. Thirty patients (9%) died, and septic shock was the leading cause of death. The carrier status of multi‐drug resistant bacteria and a tacrolimus level >20 ng/mL were independent risk factors for surgical site infections and the occurrence of severe sepsis or septic shock. The length of mechanical ventilation was an independent risk factor for pneumonia and surgical site infection.ConclusionBacterial infections in the early postoperative period after pediatric liver transplantation are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Physicians involved in the medical care of these patients should be aware of the specific risk factors, and further development of prevention programs is highly recommended.
Sexual and reproductive health knowledge among adolescents in eight sites across sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Finlay Jocelyn E. , Assefa Nega , Mwanyika‐Sando Mary , Dessie Yadeta , Harling Guy , Njau Tasiana , Chukwu Angela , Oduola Ayoade , Shah Iqbal , Adanu Richard , Bukenya Justine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine knowledge of menstruation, HIV and STIs other than HIV across eight sites in SSA to develop effective programmatic interventions enabling adolescents to achieve positive SRH as their transition to adulthood.MethodsWe combine data from eight Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites across sub‐Saharan Africa, from an adolescent‐specific survey that included 7116 males and females age 10–19 years old. We provide pooled and site‐specific estimates from multiple analytic models examining the how year‐specific age, school attendance and work correlate with knowledge of menstruation, HIV knowledge and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) other than HIV.ResultsMany adolescents lack knowledge of menstruation (37.3%, 95% CI 31.8, 43.1 do not know of menstruation) and STIs other than HIV (55.9%, 95% CI 50.4, 61.3 do not know of other STIs). In multivariate analysis, older age, being in school and wealth are significant positive correlates of STI knowledge. Older adolescent age, female sex and being in school are significant positive correlates of knowledge of menstruation. Knowledge of HIV is high (89.7%, 95% CI 8.3, 12.7 know of HIV) and relatively similar across adolescent age, sex, wealth and school and work attendance.ConclusionKnowledge of HIV is widespread across adolescents in these communities in sub‐Saharan Africa, but knowledge of other dimensions of sexual and reproductive health – menstruation and other STIs in this study – is lacking especially for early adolescents (10‐ to 14‐year olds). The dissemination of more comprehensive sexual and reproductive health information is needed within these and similar communities in SSA to help adolescents gain insight on how to make their own decisions towards positive adolescent sexual and reproductive health and protect them from risks.
Soil presence reduces the control effectiveness of a slow‐release formulation of pyriproxyfen on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae
Authors: Junges Melania Teresita , Harburguer Laura , Lorenzo Maria Cecilia , Eisenberg Patricia , Masuh Héctor , Carbajo Aníbal Eduardo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of soil on the effectiveness of two new slow‐release formulations (floating and non‐floating) of pyriproxyfen coextruded with low‐density polyethylene.MethodsTwo slow‐release devices were developed using low‐density polyethylene, pyriproxyfen as larvicide and calcium carbonate as filler. A factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of soil presence on the performance of each device. Weekly bioassays were performed.ResultsSoil presence affected treatment effectiveness, but this effect was associated with device type. The tablets were effective for nearly 3 months.ConclusionTreatment effectiveness could be reduced because of the loss of pyriproxyfen by several physico‐chemical processes such as adsorption into the soil.
A pseudomolecule‐scale genome assembly of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Diop Seydina I. , Subotic Oliver , Giraldo‐Fonseca Alejandro , Waller Manuel , Kirbis Alexander , Neubauer Anna , Potente Giacomo , Murray‐Watson Rachel , Boskovic Filip , Bont Zoe , Hock Zsofia , Payton Adam C. , Duijsings Daniël , Pirovano Walter , Conti Elena , Grossniklaus Ueli , McDaniel Stuart F. , Szövényi Péter 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMarchantia polymorpha has recently become a prime model for cellular, evo‐devo, synthetic biological, and evolutionary investigations. We present a pseudomolecule‐scale assembly of the M. polymorpha genome, making comparative genome structure analysis and classical genetic mapping approaches feasible. We anchored 88% of the M. polymorpha draft genome to a high‐density linkage map resulting in eight pseudomolecules. We found that the overall genome structure of M. polymorpha is in some respects different from that of the model moss Physcomitrella patens. Specifically, genome collinearity between the two bryophyte genomes and vascular plants is limited, suggesting extensive rearrangements since divergence. Furthermore, recombination rates are greatest in the middle of the chromosome arms in M. polymorpha like in most vascular plant genomes, which is in contrast with P. patens where recombination rates are evenly distributed along the chromosomes. Nevertheless, some other properties of the genome are shared with P. patens. As in P. patens, DNA methylation in M. polymorpha is spread evenly along the chromosomes, which is in stark contrast with the angiosperm model Arabidopsis thaliana, where DNA methylation is strongly enriched at the centromeres. Nevertheless, DNA methylation and recombination rate are anticorrelated in all three species. Finally, M. polymorpha and P. patens centromeres are of similar structure and marked by high abundance of retroelements unlike in vascular plants. Taken together, the highly contiguous genome assembly we present opens unexplored avenues for M. polymorpha research by linking the physical and genetic maps, making novel genomic and genetic analyses, including map‐based cloning, feasible.
How renewable energy consumption lower global CO2 emissions? Evidence from countries with different income levels
Authors: Dong Kangyin , Dong Xiucheng , Jiang Qingzhe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSignificant difference in the emission–renewables nexus across countries with different income levels is frequently ignored in previous studies. To empirically investigate whether the effect of renewable energy consumption on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions differs across countries with different income levels, the emission–growth–renewables nexus for a global panel of 120 countries and four income‐based subpanels over the period 1995–2015 is examined. Fully considering the potential cross‐sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, a series of econometric techniques allowing for cross‐sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity is utilised. Cross‐sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity are confirmed for the global panel as well as for all four subpanels. Only for the global panel, high‐income subpanel and upper‐middle‐income subpanel is the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis valid. Renewable energy consumption has a negative effect on CO2 emissions, but its effect is not significant; the mitigation effect may be obscured by higher economic growth and increasing non‐renewable energy consumption. The global panel and four subpanels provide mixed directionality of causality among the variables, suggesting that for various income‐based subpanels, significant differences exist in the effect of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions, especially highlighting in various direct and indirect influencing paths between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions.
Investigation of the Effect of Perforated Sheath on Thermal-Flow Characteristics Over a Gas Turbine Reverse-Flow Combustor—Part 2: Computational Analysis
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Ting 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The objective of Part 2 is to employ a computational scheme to investigate the difference in flow pattern, pressure drop, and heat transfer in a gas turbine’s dump diffuser and over the outer surface of the combustor with and without a sheath. Both experimental and computational studies are performed. In Part 1, the experiments were conducted under low pressure and temperature laboratory conditions to provide a database to validate the computational model, which was then used to simulate the thermal-flow field surrounding the combustor and transition piece under elevated gas turbine operating conditions. For laboratory conditions, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results show that (a) the predicted local static pressure values are higher than the experimental data but the prediction of the global total pressure losses matches the experimental data very well; (b) the total pressure losses are within 3% of the experimental values; and (c) the temperature difference between the sheathed and non-sheathed cases is in the range of 5–10 K or 16–32% based on the temperature scale between the highest and lowest temperatures in the computational domain. Under the elevated pressure and temperature conditions in real gas turbine, removing the sheath can achieve a significant pressure recovery of approximately 3% of the total pressure, but it will be subject to a wall temperature increase of about 500 K (900 °F or a 36% increase) on the outer radial part of the transition piece, where the flow is slow due to diffusion and recirculation in the large dump diffuser cavity near the turbine end. If modern advanced materials or coatings could sustain a wall temperature of about 500 K higher than those currently available, the sheath could be removed. Otherwise, removal of the sheath is not recommended.
An Expanding Cavity Model for Indentation Analysis of Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Anuja J. , Narasimhan R. , Ramamurty U. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mechanical and functional responses of shape memory alloys (SMAs), which are often used in small volume applications, can be evaluated using instrumented indentation tests. However, deciphering the indentation test results in SMAs can be complicated due to the combined effects of the non-uniform state of stress underneath the indenter and stress-induced phase transformation. To address this issue, an expanding cavity model (ECM) applicable to spherical indentation of SMAs is developed in this work based on an analytical solution for an internally pressurized hollow sphere. Analytical expressions for key indentation parameters such as the mean contact pressure and size of the transforming zone are obtained, whose validity is evaluated by recourse to finite element simulations and published experimental data for a Ni–Ti alloy. It is shown that the ECM predicts the above parameters reasonably well for indentation strains varying from 0.01 to 0.04. Also, a method is proposed to determine the critical stress required to initiate phase transformation under uniaxial compression based on the application of the ECM to interpret the indentation stress–strain response.
Automated Classification of Manufacturing Process Capability Utilizing Part Shape, Material, and Quality Attributes
Authors: Zhao Changxuan , Dinar Mahmoud , Melkote Shreyes N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The ability to classify the capabilities of different manufacturing processes based on computer-aided design (CAD) models of parts is a key missing link in cybermanufacturing. In this paper, we present a one-step approach for automatically classifying the capabilities of three discrete manufacturing processes—milling, turning, and casting—based on part shape, quality, and material property attributes. Specifically, our approach utilizes machine learning to classify manufacturing process capabilities of these processes in terms of part shape attributes such as curvature, rotational symmetry, and pairwise surface point distance (D2) histogram computed from CAD models, as well as part quality (surface finish and size tolerance) and material property attributes of parts. In this manner, historical data can be utilized to classify the capabilities of manufacturing processes. We show that it is possible to achieve high classification accuracies—88% and 83% for the training and test data sets, respectively—using this approach. In addition, a key insight gained from this work is that part shape attributes alone are inadequate for discriminating between the capabilities of the manufacturing processes considered. Specifically, the inclusion of material property and part quality attributes enables the classifier to predict viable manufacturing processes that would otherwise be ignored using shape attributes alone. Future extensions of this work will include enriching the classification process with additional attributes such as production cost, as well as alternative classification methods.