bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A OFICINA DE JOÃO DE RUÃO: OS ESCULTORES, A RELAÇÃO OFICINAL E A GESTÃO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Vaz Ana Margarida , Gonçalves Carla 
Published: April 2020

Este artigo pretende estruturar o conhecimento sobre a oficina de João de Ruão, colocando em discussão o problema das relações oficinais, da gestão do trabalho e dos escultores que a historiografia artística tem associado ao Mestre normando.Partindo da organização socio-laboral coimbrã, e inquirindo sobre qual seria o ambiente formativo deste artista na Normandia – um assunto tão inexplorado quanto difícil, pela parcimónia de dados – , que também terá moldado os seus hábitos de trabalho, revisitam-se criticamente os nomes dos artistas que, em Coimbra, têm vindo a associar-se ao estaleiro do Mestre, com o sentido de responder à pergunta sobre a dimensão humana e social daquela que tem vindo a considerar-se a maior e mais profícua oficina de escultura do século XVI.
Tentando dar resposta às questões colocadas têm, também, de averiguar-se os moldes de associação laboral, num quadro de relações que parte do aprendizado até à integração dos artistas no mercado, bem como as designações dos sujeitos envolvidos neste processo, nomeadamente a significação de criado, situada entre o apaniguado, ou protegido, o serviçal generalista e o aprendiz que pretende especializar-se num ofício.
Citrate synthase desuccinylation by SIRT5 promotes colon cancer cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Ren Mengmeng , Yang Xin , Bie Juntao , Wang Zhe , Liu Minghui , Li Yutong , Shao Genze , Luo Jianyuan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Citrate synthase (CS), the rate-limiting enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle catalyzes the first step of the cycle, namely, the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA to produce citrate. The expression and enzymatic activity of CS are altered in cancers, but posttranslational modification (PTM) of CS and its regulation in tumorigenesis remain largely obscure. SIRT5 belongs to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin family and plays vital roles in multiple biological processes via modulating various substrates. Here, we show that SIRT5 interacts with CS and that SIRT5 desuccinylates CS at the evolutionarily conserved residues K393 and K395. Moreover, hypersuccinylation of CS at K393 and K395 dramatically reduces its enzymatic activity and suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation and migration. These results provide experimental evidence in support of a potential therapeutic approach for colon cancer.
The effect of soil water content and biochar on rice cultivation in polybag
Authors: Paiman  , Effendy Iqbal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRice (Oryza sativaL.) production is important in the national food of Indonesia. The growth and yield of rice can be increased by the soil water supply and biochar application into the soil in a polybag. Water is a unique material resource that plays a vital role in agriculture. Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained from biomass and can hold water and nutrients, making them more available to plants. The biochar used in this study was made from rice husks. This study aims to determine the effect of soil water content and biochar application in the soil on the growth and yield of rice in the polybag. The experiment appears to be a randomized multifactorial design with one factor being water content and the other being biochar application rate. A completely random design usually suggests only one factor in the experimental design. The first factor was soil water content consisting of two levels, i.e.: field capacity and soil waterlogging. The second factor was the biochar application consisting of four doses i.e.: 0; 14; 28; and 42 tons/ha. The results of the research showed that rice cultivation with soil water-logging is better than field capacity on the tillers number, panicle length, and harvest index. Without biochar application was given higher tillers number, but biochar dose of 14 tons/ha produced wider leaf area. There was a significant interaction between soil water content and biochar application on the dry weight of roots, shoots, and grains. The treatment combination of soil waterlogging and biochar dose of 14 tons/ha was most effective at increasing the growth and yield of rice in a polybag.
Complement-Dependent Synaptic Uptake and Cognitive Decline after Stroke and Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Alawieh Ali M. , Langley E. Farris , Feng Wuwei , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Tomlinson Stephen 
Published: April 2020

Despite the success of reperfusion therapy in significantly reducing the extent of infarct expansion after stroke, the effect of revascularization on poststroke neuroinflammation and the role of anti-inflammatory strategies in postreperfusion era are yet to be explored. Here, we investigate whether the neuroinflammatory response may still contribute to neurologic deficits after reperfused stroke by using targeted complement inhibition to suppress poststroke neuroinflammation in mice with or without concurrent reperfusion therapy. Complement inhibition was achieved using B4Crry, an injury site-targeted inhibitor of C3 activation. Following embolic stroke in male C57bl/6 mice, thrombolysis using tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) reduced injury and improved motor deficits, but did not improve cognitive outcomes. After both reperfused and non-reperfused stroke, complement activation and opsonization of hippocampal synapses directed ongoing microglia-dependent phagocytosis of synapses for at least 30 d after stroke, leading to a loss of synaptic density that was associated with cognitive decline. B4Crry treatment, alone or in combination with tPA, limited perilesional complement deposition, reduced microgliosis and synaptic uptake, and improved cognitive outcome without affecting regenerative responses. Furthermore, complement inhibition improved the safety, efficacy, and treatment window of reperfusion therapy with t-PA by limiting hemorrhagic transformation. This work thus demonstrates that poststroke neuroinflammation contributes to hemorrhagic transformation and progression of neurodegenerative responses in the brain even following early and successful revascularization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study addresses two major challenges facing the treatment of stroke in the era of reperfusion therapy: hemorrhagic transformation and the disconnect between successful revascularization and functional outcomes. We studied how complement-dependent neuroinflammation drives the pathophysiology behind these challenges using a translationally relevant strategy. Complement inhibition was achieved using B4Crry, an injury site-targeted inhibitor of C3 activation. Following embolic stroke, pharmacological thrombolysis limited infarct size, but did not prevent complement activation. In reperfused and non-reperfused stroke, complement activation and opsonization of hippocampal synapses resulted in synaptic phagocytosis and subsequent cognitive decline. B4Crry treatment limited perilesional complement deposition, reduced microgliosis and synaptic uptake, and improved cognitive outcomes. Complement inhibition also improved the safety, efficacy, and treatment window of thrombolytic therapy.
A Reflection on 50 Years of John Maynard Smith’s “Protein Space”
Authors: Ogbunugafor C Brandon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this Perspectives article, Ogbunugafor revisits a famous and influential analogy introduced by renowned evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith in a 1970 manuscript entitled “Natural selection and the concept of protein space (Smith 1970)...In 1970, John Maynard Smith published a letter, entitled “Natural Selection and the Concept of a Protein Space,” that proposed a simple analogy for the incremental process of adaptive evolution. His “Protein Space” analogy contains the substrate for many central ideas in evolutionary genetics, and has motivated important discoveries within several subdisciplines of evolutionary science. In this Perspectives article, I commemorate the 50th anniversary of this seminal work by discussing its unique legacy and by describing its intriguing historical context. I propose that the Protein Space analogy is not only important because of its scientific richness, but also because of what it can teach us about the art of constructing useful and subversive analogies.
Influence of immune status on the airborne colonization of piglets with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex (CC) 398
Authors: Rosen Kerstin , Ebner Friederike , Schmidt Stefanie , Hartmann Susanne , Merle Roswitha , Friese Anika , Roesler Uwe 
Published: April 2020

Colonized vertebrates including humans and pigs are to date the main reservoirs of livestock-associated Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(LA-MRSA). Currently, the mechanisms underlying colonization of pigs are not fully understood.We investigated the influence of piglet pre-immune status on airborne MRSA colonization. Three groups of MRSA-negative piglets were primed and exposed to airborne LA-MRSA (104colony forming units (cfu)/m3) in an aerosol chamber for 24 h. One group was treated intramuscularly with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg body weight) to imitate weaning stress. The second group was exposed to bacterial endotoxin containing MRSA aerosol. Both conditions play a role in the development of multifactorial diseases and may promote MRSA colonization success. The third group served as control.The piglets' MRSA status was monitored for 21 days via swab samples. At necropsy, specific tissues and organs were analyzed. Blood was collected to examine specific immunological parameters.The duration of MRSA colonization was not extended in both treated groups compared to the control group, indicating the two immune-status influencing factors do not promote MRSA colonization. Blood sample analysis confirmed a mild dexamethasone-induced immune suppression and typical endotoxin-related changes in peripheral blood. Of note, the low-dose dexamethasone treatment showed a trend of increased MRSA clearance.
Shared gray matter alterations in individuals with diverse behavioral addictions: A voxel-wise meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Kun , Zhang Feifei , Chen Taolin , Li Lei , Li Wenbin , Suo Xueling , Lei Du , Kemp Graham J. , Gong Qiyong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and aims
Numerous studies on behavioral addictions (BAs) have reported gray matter (GM) alterations in multiple brain regions by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). However, findings are poorly replicated and it remains elusive whether distinct addictive behaviors are underpinned by shared abnormalities. In this meta-analysis, we integrated VBM studies on different BAs to investigate common GM abnormalities in individuals with BAs.

Methods
We performed a systematic search up to January 2019 in several databases for VBM studies investigating GM differences between individuals with BAs and healthy controls. The reference lists of included studies and high-quality reviews were investigated manually. Anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping was applied in this meta-analysis.

Results
Twenty studies including 505 individuals with BAs and 564 healthy controls met the inclusion criteria. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with BAs showed GM atrophy in the left anterior cingulate (extending to the left medial superior frontal gyrus and bilateral orbitofrontal gyrus), right putamen and right supplementary motor area. Subgroup analysis found heterogeneity in gender and subtypes of BAs. Meta-regression revealed that GM decreases in the left anterior cingulate and right supplementary motor area were positively correlated with addictive severity. Higher impulsivity was associated with smaller volume of the left anterior cingulate.

Discussion and conclusions
Our findings on BAs were mainly derived from internet gaming disorder (IGD) and pathological gambling (PG) studies, preliminarily suggesting that GM atrophy in the prefrontal and striatal areas might be a common structural biomarker of BAs.
The interplay of gaming disorder, gaming motivations, and the dark triad
Authors: Tang Wai Yen , Reer Felix , Quandt Thorsten 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsThere is a considerable amount of research on the psychological antecedents and outcomes of gaming disorder. Although many studies have examined various personality traits or motivations as predictors in isolation, fewer studies have investigated the mediations between personality traits and motivations. Furthermore, the analyzed personality traits have been limited to a few core concepts, with the Big Five personality traits being a standard model in this context. However, more recently the dark triad of personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) has been found to be associated with various forms of problematic online behavior and usage, such as online gambling, yet little is known about gaming disorder. The current study examines the relationship of these dark personality traits to gaming disorder with three gaming motivations (achievement, social, and escapism) as mediators.MethodThe study uses an online survey of 1,502 German digital game users.ResultsResults indicate a fully mediated association for narcissism via escapism and partial mediation associations for Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Direct effects on gaming disorder were observed for Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Indirect effects by psychopathy were observed via escapism and social motivation, by narcissism via escapism, and by Machiavellianism via social motivation.Discussion and conclusionsThese findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of the mediation of gaming motivations and the dark triad personality traits' importance for gaming disorder.
Short-term effects of simulated microgravity on morphology and gene expression in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Strube F , Infanger M , Dietz C , Romswinkel A , Kraus A 
Published: April 2020

Introduction
Microgravity has been shown to impose various effects on breast cancer cells. We exposed human breast cancer cells to simulated microgravity and studied morphology and alterations in gene expression.

Materials and methods
Human breast cancer cells were exposed to simulated microgravity in a random positioning machine (RPM) for 24 h. Morphology was observed under light microscopy, and gene alteration was studied by qPCR.

Results
After 24 h, formation of three-dimensional structures (spheroids) occurred. BRCA1 expression was significantly increased (1.9×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity compared to the control. Expression of KRAS was significantly decreased (0.6×, p < 0.05) in the adherent cells compared to the control. VCAM1 was significantly upregulated (6.6×, 2.0×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. VIM expression was significantly downregulated (0.45×, 0.44×, p < 0.05 each) in the adherent cells under simulated microgravity and in the spheroids. There was no significant alteration in the expression of MAPK1, MMP13, PTEN, and TP53.

Conclusions
Simulated microgravity induces spheroid formation in human breast cancer cells within 24 h and alters gene expression toward modified adhesion properties, enhanced cell repair, and phenotype preservation. Further insights into the underlying mechanisms could open up the way toward new therapies.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide concentrations in the sheep mammary gland, milk, and in the lamb blood plasma after suckling
Authors: Pohóczky K. , Tamás A. , Reglődi D. , Kemény Á. , Helyes Zs. , Czeglédi L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is involved in development and reproduction. We previously described elevated PACAP levels in the milk compared to the plasma, and the presence of its specific PAC1 receptor in the mammary gland. This study aimed to determine PACAP and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels in female suckling lambs compared to ewe plasma and mammary gland, as well as their age-dependent alterations. mRNA expressions of PACAP, VIP, PAC1 receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were quantified in the milk whey and mammary gland. PACAP38-like immunoreactivity (PACAP38-LI) was measured in plasma, milk whey and mammary gland by radioimmunoassay, VIP-LI by enzyme-linked immunoassay. PACAP38-LI was 5, 6 times higher in the milk compared to the plasma of lactating sheep. It significantly increased in the lamb plasma 1 h, but returned to basal level 2 h after suckling. However, VIP mRNA was not present in the mammary gland, we detected the VIP protein in the milk whey. BDNF mRNA significantly decreased with age to approximately 60% and 25% in the 3- and 10-year-old sheep respectively, compared to the 3-month-old lambs. No differences were found between mammary and jugular vein plasma PACAP and VIP concentrations, or during the daily cycle. We propose a rapid absorption of PACAP38 from the milk and/or its release in suckling lambs. PACAP accumulated in the milk might be synthesized in the mammary gland or secreted from the plasma of the mothers. PACAP is suggested to have differentiation/proliferation promoting and immunomodulatory effects in the newborns and/or a local function in the mammary gland.
Instillation of bradykinin into femoral artery elicits cardiorespiratory reflexes involving perivascular afferents in anesthetized rats
Authors: Singh Sanjeev K. , Mandal M. B. , Ravindran R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe physiology of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors present in large blood vessels of the heart is well known in the regulation of cardiorespiratory functions. Since large blood vessels and peripheral blood vessels are of the same mesodermal origin, therefore, involvement of the latter in the regulation of cardiorespiratory system is expected. The role of perivascular nerves in mediating cardiorespiratory alterations produced after intra-arterial injection of a nociceptive agent (bradykinin) was examined in urethane-anesthetized male rats. Respiratory frequency, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded for 30 min after the retrograde injection of bradykinin/saline into the femoral artery. In addition, paw edema was determined and water content was expressed as percentage of wet weight. Injection of bradykinin produced immediate tachypneic, hypotensive and bradycardiac responses of shorter latency (5–8 s) favoring the neural mechanisms involved in it. Injection of equi-volume of saline did not produce any responses and served as time-matched control. Paw edema was observed in the ipsilateral hind limb. Pretreatment with diclofenac sodium significantly attenuated the bradykinin-induced responses and also blocked the paw edema. Ipsilateral femoral and sciatic nerve sectioning attenuated bradykinin-induced responses significantly, indicating the origin of responses from the local vascular bed. Administration of bradykinin in the segment of an artery produced reflex cardiorespiratory changes by stimulating the perivascular nociceptors involving prostaglandins. This is a novel study exhibiting the role of peripheral blood vessels in the regulation of the cardiorespiratory system.
Protective effect of fennel, and its major component trans-anethole against social isolation induced behavioral deficits in rats
Authors: Raman S. , Asle-Rousta M. , Rahnema M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSocial isolation damages the nervous system by weakening the antioxidant system and leading to behavioral disorders. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is an herbal plant that has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fennel methanol extract and its major component trans-anethole on spatial learning and memory, anxiety and depression in male rats exposed to social isolation stress.Rats were divided into six groups of Control (C), Fennel (F), trans-Anethole (A), Isolation, Isolation-F and Isolation-A. The rats were kept in the cage alone for 30 days to induce isolation. Fennel extract (150 mg/kg) and trans-anethole (80 mg/kg) were also gavaged during this period. At the end of the course, spatial learning and memory, anxiety and depression were measured by Morris water maze (MWM), elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST), respectively.Learning and memory were impaired in isolated rats. Swimming time and distance to reach the hidden platform in these animals increased compared with controls (P < 0.05). In the EPM test, the percentage of open arm entries and open arm time also decreased significantly in the Isolation group (P < 0.01). The immobilization time in FST also increased significantly in these animals compared with the Control group (P < 0.001). Fennel and trans-anethole were both able to eliminate these changes in isolated rats.It is concluded that fennel and its major component, trans-anethole are suitable candidates for the prevention and treatment of stress-induced neurological disorders.
Stable laser-Doppler flow-motion patterns in the human cutaneous microcirculation: Implications for prospective geroscience studies
Authors: Tóth-Szűki V. , Bari F. , Domoki F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicrovascular function has been assessed by determining the rhythmic oscillations in blood flow induced by the vasomotion of resistance vessels. Although laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) allows simple, non-invasive evaluation of this flow-motion in the cutaneous microcirculation, the temporal and spatial reproducibility of such assessments remains unclear.In the present study, we investigated cutaneous flow-motion in three consecutive years in eight skin regions using LDF in six healthy young volunteers. The characteristic flow-motion frequency was determined using fast-Fourier transformation. Additionally, in two years a more traditional measure of microvascular reactivity, postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) was evoked in the forearm after transient brachial artery occlusion (1–2–3 min) induced by cuff inflation.Well-defined flow-motion was found in six regions showing significant differences in frequency: the highest flow-motion frequency was found in the frontal and temporal regions (8.0 ± 1.1 and 8.5 ± 1.0 cycles/min, cpm, respectively, mean ± SD) followed by the scapular, infraclavicular and coxal regions (7.5 ± 1.3; 6.7 ± 1.1 and 6.5 ± 1.2 cpm, respectively). The lowest, stable flow-motion was found in the posterior femoral region (5.5 ± 1.0 cpm), whereas flow-motion was detectable only sporadically in the limbs. The region-dependent flow-motion frequencies were very stable within individuals either between the body sides, or among the three measurements, only the infraclavicular region showed a small difference (114 ± 17%∗, % of value in 1st year; ∗P < 0.05). However, PORH indices differed after 2–3 min occlusions significantly in consecutive years.We report that flow-motion frequencies determined from LDF signals show both region-specificity and excellent intra-individual temporal and spatial reproducibility suggesting their usefulness for non-invasive follow-up of microvascular reactivity.
A COVID–19-fertőzött betegek anesztéziájának és perioperatív ellátásának gyakorlati szempontjai
Authors: Végh Tamás , László István , Juhász Marianna , Berhés Mariann , Fábián Ákos , Koszta György , Molnár Csilla , Fülesdi Béla 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
A 2019 decemberében kitört koronavírus-fertőzéses világjárványban megbetegedettek
ellátása jelentős terhet ró az egészségügyre. Nemcsak azért, mert a betegek egy
része intenzív terápiás ellátást igényel, hanem mert a betegség bármely
súlyossági formájában szenvedő betegeknek sebészi kezelésre is szükségük lehet.
Ennek megoldása pedig jelentős kihívás elé állítja az aneszteziológusokat. Ezen
összefoglaló a sebészi kezelést igénylő betegek aneszteziológiai és perioperatív
ellátásának gyakorlati aspektusait hivatott bemutatni. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17):
692–695.