bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal and Prefrontal Theta-Band Mechanisms Underpin Implicit Spatial Context Learning
Authors: Spaak Eelke , de Lange Floris P. 
Published: November 2019

Humans can rapidly and seemingly implicitly learn to predict typical locations of relevant items when those items are encountered in familiar spatial contexts. Two important questions remain, however, concerning this type of learning: (1) which neural structures and mechanisms are involved in acquiring and exploiting such contextual knowledge? (2) Is this type of learning truly implicit and unconscious? We now answer both these questions after closely examining behavior and recording neural activity using MEG while observers (male and female) were acquiring and exploiting statistical regularities. Computational modeling of behavioral data suggested that, after repeated exposures to a spatial context, participants' behavior was marked by an abrupt switch to an exploitation strategy of the learnt regularities. MEG recordings showed that hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were involved in the task and furthermore revealed a striking dissociation: only the initial learning phase was associated with hippocampal theta band activity, while the subsequent exploitation phase showed a shift in theta band activity to the PFC. Intriguingly, the behavioral benefit of repeated exposures to certain scenes was inversely related to explicit awareness of such repeats, demonstrating the implicit nature of the expectations acquired. Together, these findings demonstrate that (1a) hippocampus and PFC play complementary roles in the implicit, unconscious learning and exploitation of spatial statistical regularities; (1b) these mechanisms are implemented in the theta frequency band; and (2) contextual knowledge can indeed be acquired unconsciously, and awareness of such knowledge can even interfere with the exploitation thereof.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman visual perception is determined not just by the light that strikes our eyes, but also strongly by our prior knowledge and expectations. Such expectations, particularly about where to expect certain objects given scene context, might be learned implicitly and unconsciously, although this is hotly debated. Furthermore, it is unknown which brain mechanisms underpin this type of learning. We now show that, indeed, spatial prior expectations can be learned without awareness; in fact, strikingly, awareness seems to hinder the exploitation of the relevant knowledge. Furthermore, we demonstrate that one brain mechanism (hippocampal theta-band activity) is responsible for learning in these settings, whereas another mechanism (prefrontal theta-band activity) is involved in exploiting the learned associations.
A Single, Shared Triploidy in Three Species of Parasitic Nematodes
Authors: Schoonmaker Ashley , Hao Yue , Bird David McK , Conant Gavin C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are important and damaging parasites capable of infecting most flowering plants. Within this genus, several species of the Meloidogyne incognita group show evidence of paleopolyploidy in their genomes. We used our software tool POInT, the Polyploidy Orthology Inference Tool, to phylogenetically model the gene losses that followed that polyploidy. These models, and simulations based on them, show that three of these species (M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica) descend from a single common hybridization event that yielded triplicated genomes with three distinguishable subgenomes. While one of the three subgenomes shows elevated gene loss rates relative to the other two, this subgenome does not show elevated sequence divergence. In all three species, ancestral loci where two of the three gene copies have been lost are less likely to have orthologs in Caenorhabditis elegans that are lethal when knocked down than are ancestral loci with surviving duplicate copies.
Genetic Interactions Affect Lung Function in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Tyler Anna , Mahoney J Matthew , Carter Gregory W 
Published: November 2019

AbstractScleroderma, or systemic sclerosis (SSc), is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. The most common cause of death in people with SSc is lung disease, but the pathogenesis of lung disease in SSc is insufficiently understood to devise specific treatment strategies. Developing targeted treatments requires not only the identification of molecular processes involved in SSc-associated lung disease, but also understanding of how these processes interact to drive pathology. One potentially powerful approach is to identify alleles that interact genetically to influence lung outcomes in patients with SSc. Analysis of interactions, rather than individual allele effects, has the potential to delineate molecular interactions that are important in SSc-related lung pathology. However, detecting genetic interactions, or epistasis, in human cohorts is challenging. Large numbers of variants with low minor allele frequencies, paired with heterogeneous disease presentation, reduce power to detect epistasis. Here we present an analysis that increases power to detect epistasis in human genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We tested for genetic interactions influencing lung function and autoantibody status in a cohort of 416 SSc patients. Using Matrix Epistasis to filter SNPs followed by the Combined Analysis of Pleiotropy and Epistasis (CAPE), we identified a network of interacting alleles influencing lung function in patients with SSc. In particular, we identified a three-gene network comprising WNT5A, RBMS3, and MSI2, which in combination influenced multiple pulmonary pathology measures. The associations of these genes with lung outcomes in SSc are novel and high-confidence. Furthermore, gene coexpression analysis suggested that the interactions we identified are tissue-specific, thus differentiating SSc-related pathogenic processes in lung from those in skin.
Arabia Saudí y las dinámicas de financiarización en Oriente Medio: algunas repercusiones geopolíticas del proyecto Neom en el Mar Rojo
Authors: GARDUÑO GARCÍA Moisés 
Published: November 2019

Este artículo estudia el papel del proyecto Neom en las dinámicas de financiarización de Arabia Saudí en Oriente Medio y expone algunas de sus repercusiones regionales. El texto describe a Neom como un proyecto impulsado por élites globales transnacionales el cual implica, para llevarse a cabo, una serie de maniobras militares por parte de Riad en el Mar Rojo en conjunto con la ayuda de países aliados en la región como Egipto e Israel. El artículo se divide en tres partes: la primera expone el marco teórico ofrecido por autores como Saskia Sassen, William Robinson y David Harvey en el que se utiliza la relación entre financiarización, nuevo urbanismo y militarismo para explicar el fenómeno a estudiar. La segunda parte explica la inserción de algunas élites saudíes en las élites globales transnacionales para entender el papel que desempeña Neom en la conducta saudí en el Mar Rojo. Finalmente, la última parte analiza algunas consecuencias regionales del fenómeno, enfatizando en las oportunidades y obstáculos que tienen los saudíes en la zona del Mar Rojo para crear un nuevo balance de poder político y económico en dicha área.
Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and biochemichal properties of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against clinical isolates of opportunistic infections
Authors: Kryvtsova M. V. , Salamon I. , Koscova J. , Bucko D. , Spivak M. 
Published: November 2019

Thyme belongs to a genus encompassing over 215 species of hardy perennial herbaceous plants and sub-shrubs, which are native to Europe, particularly around the Mediterranean. Thymus vulgaris L., or garden thyme, with narrow small leaves and clusters of tubular mauve flowers, is used mainly in cookery. Dried herb yields 1% and more essential oil, which is a pale yellowish-red liquid with a sweet, very aromatic odour. Thyme is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and is a source of substances of antimicrobial effect upon antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. The purpose of our work was to identify the biochemical and antimicrobial peculiarities of Th. vulgaris essential oil against clinical isolates of opportunistic microorganisms. The analysis of thyme essential oil was carried out using GC/MS analysis. The clinical isolates were isolated with the use of differentially diagnostic nutrient media. The antibiotic susceptibility was identified with the help of the disc-diffusion test. The sensitivity of microorganisms to plant extracts was determined by the agar diffusion test. The antibiofilm activity of the extracts was tested in standard 96-well microtitration plates. The GC/MS results confirm the earlier reports that the major volatile constituents obtained from the aerial parts of thyme species were thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, 3-carene and carvacrol. After subjecting the selected essential oil to effective steam distillation, substantial contents of phenolic monoterpenoids were obtained – thymol (67.7%) and γ-terpinene (8.2%). The European Pharmacopoeia set quality standards for thyme essential oil, which dealt mainly with the % content (w/w) of the volatile phenols (expressed as thymol: 36.0–55.0%). Garden thyme essential oil has been found to show a high antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant microorganism strains. The obtained results proved the wide spectrum of antibiotic activity of thyme essential oil. The highest antimicrobial activity was registered against the typical and clinic strains of S. aureus and microscopic Candida genus fungi. Garden thyme essential oil was ascertained to show high antibiofilm-forming activity against S. aureus. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm-forming activities of thyme essential oil against both bacterial pathogens of opportunistic infections and microscopic fungi have proven the good prospects for development of a broad-spectrum agent against opportunistic microbial associations based on this oil.
Pedagogia da cura: formação e práticas cotidianas de Dona Dionéia
Authors: Sousa Marcio Barradas , Buecke Jane Elisa Otomar 
Published: November 2019

RESUMO
Este artigo analisa a formação de Odinéia dos Santos Barbosa, como curadora evangélica da Comunidade quilombola de Abacatal - PA. Baseia-se nos pressupostos teóricos dos campos da Educação, e História Cultural. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tempo presente, ocorrida entre o período de 2013-2015, do tipo etnográfico com abordagem qualitativa sob a metodologia da História Oral. As práticas educativas encontradas na formação de Dona Dionéia conformam uma educação pautada nos saberes da experiência que perpassam a sua trajetória de vida que a habilitou ao ofício de benzer, curar e educar pessoas, nos permitindo, com isso, pensar a educação em seu sentido alargado, e em uma pedagogia do cotidiano.
Социальная сеть «ВКонтакте» как ресурс цифрового бытия российской молодежи
Authors: Рябов Виктор Юрьевич 
Published: November 2019

<p>В статье рассматриваются некоторые социально-философские и социологические аспекты конструируемой цифровой реальности. На основе акторно-сетевой теории Б. Латура показана взаимосвязь трех акторов: человека, технического средства и виртуальности.</p>
SYNCHRONIZATION OF STOCK PRICE AND THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Tayar Hussain , Abbood Bandar Mohsin , Jabbar Fashakh Mohammed 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The paper discusses the emergence of institutional investors as owners of capital in corporate governance are increasingly important. Institutional shareholders have the potential to influence management activities through an exchange of shares indirectly and directly respectively
Methodology: On the basis of this study, 42 companies between the years 1389 to 1393 were studied (data for 1388 also is intended to assess the results of 1389).
Results: The panel data model relationship between institutional investors with stock prices and the risk of concurrent fall in share prices was determined and it was found that institutional investors and significant negative correlation with share prices and the risk of concurrent fall in prices in the stock market Tehran.
Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of Synchronization of Stock Price and the Role of Institutional Investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
The Indian Ocean - The Challenges beyond the Plastic Pollution
Authors: Dhillon Amrita , Kaushal Abhinav 
Published: November 2019

El calentamiento del Océano Índico resulta ser el mayor contribuyente en línea con la tendencia general de la temperatura media mundial de la superficie del mar, al tiempo que evidencia signos de sobrepesca, que parecen estar aumentando.
Se han vertido en él alrededor de 5-6 millones de toneladas de petróleo -alrededor del 40% del derrame total de petróleo en las aguas del mundo-, mientras que las presiones humanas (población, infraestructura urbana, etc.) ponen en peligro cada vez más los ecosistemas marinos subyacentes, que sustentan la pesca de la región y otras amenazas incluyen un aumento acelerado del nivel del mar en él, que representa una amenaza inminente para los estados costeros.
Teniendo en cuenta lo mencionado, esta nota aborda el tema de la región del Océano Índico / IOR, una de las ubicaciones estratégicas relacionadas con la paz, la seguridad y el comercio, desde la perspectiva de su papel con respecto al cambio climático y las acciones y reacciones de los países a su alrededor.
Se concluye que la contaminación marina es un problema grave, que causa el deterioro de los recursos en el Océano Índico y aunque los países de la zona invierten una gran cantidad de dinero para combatirlo, ello no resuelve la falta de conciencia entre las masas. Los esfuerzos de las organizaciones regionales, aunque son notables, parecen superficiales y carecen de un impacto significativo, mientras que también se observa la necesidad de innovación en los métodos de implementación para reducir / reciclar los desechos, minimizar los derrames de petróleo y monitorear la vida acuática.
Salinity effect evaluation on the survival rate and hematology of snakeskin gourami juvenile Trichopodus pectoralis
Authors: Setijaningsih Lies 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT Snakeskin gourami Trichopodus pectoralis an endemic fish that was highly demanded by Indonesian society. The declining in population stock was the main problem cause its availability still relies upon the nature catch. The increase of its production of culture was still constrained by the slow rate of growth and survival rate in the seed phase. This study aimed to determine the optimal salinity and its effect on growth performance, survival rate, osmotic activity, and blood description of the snakeskin gourami Trichopodus pectoralis. A complete randomized design (CRD) was used in this study with four different treatments and each treatment consisted of three replications. The salinity test consists of 0 g/L, 1 g/L, 3 g/L, and 5 g/L. The experimental fish sized at 0.49 ± 0.13 g and length 2.96 ± 0.42 cm with a stock density of 25 fish/aquarium (1 fish/L). During 28-day of rearing, the experimental fish was fed using Tubifex sp. as restricted based on the FR (5%) of biomass per weekly sampling. The results showed that the optimal survival rate and growth showed the best at salinity 3 g/L because it showed the most stable blood level so that the fish could avoid stress response. Keywords: salinity, survival rate, growth, hematological, Trichopodus pectoralis ABSTRAK Ikan sepat siam Trichopodus pectoralis merupakan ikan endemik yang sangat diminati masyarakat Indonesia.Pemenuhan kebutuhan ikan sepat siam masih mengandalkan hasil tangkapan dari alam sehingga populasi di alam mengalami penurunan. Peningkatan produksi ikan sepat siam dari budidaya masih terkendala dengan sintasan dan pertumbuhan yang lambat pada fase benih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan salinitas optimum dan pengaruhnya terhadap performa sintasan, pertumbuhan, kerja osmotik, dan gambaran darah benih ikan sepat siam.Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), empat perlakuan dan masing-masing3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah salinitas 0 g/L, salinitas 1 g/L, salinitas 3 g/L, dan 5 g/L.Ikan yang digunakan berukuran 0,49±0,13 g dan panjang 2,96±0,42 cm, padat tebar masing-masing 25 ekor/akuarium (1 ekor/L). Selama 28 hari masa pemeliharaan, ikan sepat siam diberi pakan berupa cacing sutra (Tubifex sp.) secara restricted berdasarkan FR 5% dari biomassa per Sampling mingguan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sintasan dan pertumbuhan terbaik dihasilkan pada perlakuan salinitas 3 g/L. Hal itu diduga karena gambaran darah pada perlakuan 3 g/L stabil sehingga terhindar dari respon stres. Kata kunci: salinitas, sintasan, pertumbuhan, gambaran darah, sepatsiam
ROLE OF PURUN TIKUS IN VERTICAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND IN TREATING MANGANESE (Mn) FROM COAL MINE DRAINAGE
Authors: Prihatini Nopi Stiyati , Nirtha Indah , Iman Muhammad Sadiqul 
Published: November 2019

Constructed wetland (CW) is one of the passive methods used to process coal mine drainage. In this study, we used vertical (VF) subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetland (CW) with purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis). The purpose of the study was to assess the role of purun tikus in increasing the efficiency of constructed wetland to remove Mn from Coal Mine Drainage. The constructed wetland operated under batch hydraulic loading regime. The results showed that the efficiency of the VF-SSFCW System without purun tikus was 15.53% and VF-SSFCW with purun tikus 78.94%.
VARIATION OF BIOMASS IN GRASSES GROWING IN WATER HABITAT BETWEEN INLAND SWAMP AND LAND
Authors: Louisa Virgina Maria , Krisdianto Krisdianto , Mahrita Mahrita 
Published: November 2019

Grasses (family Poaceae), which belong to the weeds growing in water habitat between inland swamp and land, have the ability to survive the inland swamp environment that is inundated and poor in nutrients due to acidic soil. Lowland between inland swamp and land experiences waterlogging condition that changes over time from a puddle of water, which is very high in the rainy season, to ebb, becoming dry especially during the dry season. The objective of this study was to find out the variation of biomass in some grasses growing in water habitat between inland swamp and land. The study was conducted from April to July 2009 in Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan, at the villages of Tungkaran, Sungai Rangas, Penggalaman, and Sungai Tabuk. The analysis of samples was carried out at the Basic Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Siences, Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarbaru. There were seven stations, which were determined purposively, with three plot replications; the smallest plot was 20 x 20 cm. Three types of grass samples were taken and measured for individual height, wet weight, dry weight, moisture content and ash content. Measurements of the environmental parameters included the pH of soil and water, and the analysis of total N, P, and K. The average dry weight biomass of Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Brachiaria plantaginea, and Brachiaria mutica ranged from 1,135.18 to 2,556.80 gm-2, 1,854.88 to 2,480.63 gm-2, and 1,353.98 to 3,204.9 gm-2, respectively. These results indicate that the grasses growing closer to land, namely Brachiaria plantaginea and Brachiaria mutica, have higher biomass than the one growing a bit far from the land, namely Hymenachne amplexicaulis.
WATER LEVEL VARIATIONS FOR EGG HATCHABILITY AND LARVAL SURVIVAL OF KELABAU FISH (Osteochilus melanopleura Blkr)
Authors: Rukmini Rukmini 
Published: November 2019

The purposes of this study were to observe and analyze the water level variations of the culture media that were optimal for egg hatchability and larval survival of kelabau fish kept in aquarium. This study was conducted in the Freshwater Aquaculture Development Centre (FADC) Banjar Regency in August 2015. The method used in this study was experimental, using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments (A = water level of 15 cm/aquarium), (B = water level of 25 cm/aquarium), (C = water level of 35 cm/aquarium) and 3 replications. The parameters measured in this study were the egg hatchability, survival rate, relative growth rate, and water quality (temperature, pH, DO, Ammonia). Data were analyzed by Anova and the differences between treatments were tested with Duncan test. The results showed that the water level very significantly affected the egg hatchability with the highest value in B (38.29%) followed by C (31.83%) and A (14.04%). The highest survival rate was in C (79.73%) followed by B (65.10%) and A (21.83%). The relative growth rate had not significant effect with the average results between all treatments (104.92 – 117.27%). The water quality of the culture media was still good to support the growth and survival of fish.
Left Atrial Phasic Function in Patients with Hypertension and Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation: Gender Differences of the Relationship with Diastolic Dysfunction and Central Aortic Pressure
Authors: Kokhan E. V. , Ozova E. M. , Romanova V. A. , Kiyakbaev G. K. , Kobalava Zh. D. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. To evaluate gender-related differences of left atrial (LA) phasic function and structural remodeling in conjunction with the parameters of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and central aortic pressure in patients with hypertension and recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF).Material and methods. The comparative study included 30 men and 37 women with non-valvular AF, hypertension and LV hypertrophy. Conventional echocardiographic measures were extended with LA measures, including its volume in three phases, LAemptying fraction (LAEF), passive and active ejection fraction. The parameters of central aortic pressure were estimated by applanation tonometry method.Results. No difference was observed between LA and LV structural parameters in men and women. However, in women LAEF (39 [28;50] vs 50 [42;55]%; p=0.02) and E/E’(9.7 [7.8;12] vs 7.1 [5.6;8.6]; p=0.001) were worse than in men. Active LA ejection fraction was higher in women (31 [21;42] vs 24 [19;31]%; p=0.04), whereas passive one – in men (12 [10;14] vs 33 [23;38]%; p<0.001), respectively. Men and women had comparable heart rate (HR), central and peripheral systolic and diastolic pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), but women had higher augmentation index (AI) values [33 [28;39] vs 23 [21;28]%; p<0.001], even adjusted by HR (AI 75) (34 [27;39] vs 26 [20;29]%; p<0.001). Only in men PWV weakly correlated with AI 75 (r=0.44; p=0.02 versus r=-0.11; p=0.51, respectively for men and women; intergroup differences: z=2.26; p=0.012). In a multivariate regression analysis in men LAEF was significantly associated with height, weight, E’, E/E’ and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), whereas in women – with E’ and AI 75.Conclusion. Patients of different genders with recurrent AF and hypertension have comparable LA structuralremodeling. However, women characterized by a more pronounced decrease in LAEF and impaired LV diastolic function than men. In women as distinct from men LV filling is predominantly due to LA systole. In a multivariate regression analysis in men LAEF was significantly associated with height, weight, E’, E/E’ and GFR, whereas in women – with E’ and AI 75.