bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gain enhancement of a quad notched CPW fed UWB antenna
Authors: Suraj Priyadarshi , Gupta Vibha R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, a compact quad notched CPW fed ultrawideband (UWB) antenna of the size 35.4 × 26.6 × 1.6 mm3 with improved gain characteristic is proposed. The designed antenna has bandwidth ranging from 2.85 GHz to 11.45 GHz with the notching capability at WiMAX, C‐band, WLAN and downlink of X‐band for satellite communication. The gain of the antenna is improved by using two antennas in the stacked configuration without raising the overall size of the antenna in horizontal plane and maintaining the impedance matching over the ultrawideband range. The prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated on FR4 substrate and its performance parameters are measured and compared with the simulated results, which are in good agreement. The simulated and measured result shows the improvement of antenna peak gain by 4.2 dBi and thus improving the peak gain by 162%. The proposed antenna is an excellent candidate for the high gain UWB portable communication devices in the environment having different narrow interfering bands of WiMAX, C‐band, WLAN, and downlink X‐band of satellite communication.
Medial femoral cutaneous nerve conduction study with distal recording: A novel technique
Authors: Geney‐Castro David Ernesto , Vanegas‐Muñóz Jesús , Plata‐Contreras Jesús , Salinas‐Duran Fabio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundA new technique to obtain the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve is described.MethodsSNAPs were recorded from 104 subjects with a bar recording electrode 10 cm proximal to the patella along an imaginary line drawn between the medial edge of the patella and the femoral pulse below the inguinal ligament. Stimulation was applied 14 cm proximal to the recording point.ResultsThere were 104 healthy subjects. Onset latency of the SNAPs was 2.20 ± 0.16 ms (mean ± SD), peak latency was 2.70 ± 0.16 ms, peak‐to‐peak amplitude was 7.5 ± 3.0 μV, and conduction velocity was 51.5 ± 3.0 m/s. The side‐to‐side difference in the mean amplitude was 22.27 ± 13.6%.ConclusionsThis new technique is easy, reliable, and reproducible, and should prove useful for the evaluation of neuropathies of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve.
Gossip algorithm with nonuniform clock distribution: Optimization over classical and quantum networks
Authors: Jafarizadeh Saber 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDistributed gossip algorithm has been studied for practical implementation of fundamental algorithms employed for collaborative processing. This paper focuses on optimizing the convergence rate of the gossip algorithm for both classical and quantum networks. By modifying the rate of the Poisson process, a new model of the gossip algorithm with nonuniform clock distribution is proposed which can reach the optimal convergence rate of the continuous‐time consensus algorithm. For quantum gossip algorithm, the evolution equation of the quantum gossip algorithm is transformed to the state update equation of the classical gossip algorithm. Defining the quantum gossip operator, the original optimization problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem, where the analytical answer is provided for a series of topologies. It is shown that the optimal results obtained for uniform clock distribution are suboptimal compared to those of the nonuniform one and for nonuniform distribution the optimal answer is not unique. Based on the optimal continuous‐time consensus algorithm and the detailed balance property, an effective method of obtaining one of these optimal answers is proposed.
Hippo pathway effectors YAP1/TAZ induce an EWS–FLI1‐opposing gene signature and associate with disease progression in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Rodríguez‐Núñez Pablo , Romero‐Pérez Laura , Amaral Ana T , Puerto‐Camacho Pilar , Jordán Carmen , Marcilla David , Grünewald Thomas GP , Alonso Javier , de Alava Enrique , Díaz‐Martín Juan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractYAP1 and TAZ (WWTR1) oncoproteins are the final transducers of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. Deregulation of the pathway leads to YAP1/TAZ activation fostering tumorigenesis in multiple malignant tumor types, including sarcoma. However, oncogenic mutations within the core components of the Hippo pathway are uncommon. Ewing sarcoma (EwS), a pediatric cancer with low mutation rate, is characterized by a canonical fusion involving the gene EWSR1 and FLI1 as the most common partner. The fusion protein is a potent driver of oncogenesis, but secondary alterations are scarce, and little is known about other biological factors that determine the risk of relapse or progression. We have observed YAP1/TAZ expression and transcriptional activity in EwS cell lines. Analyses of 55 primary human EwS samples revealed that high YAP1/TAZ expression was associated with progression of the disease and predicted poorer outcome. We did not observe recurrent SNV or copy number gains/losses in Hippo pathway‐related loci. However, differential CpG methylation of the RASSF1 locus (a regulator of the Hippo pathway) was observed in EwS cell lines compared with mesenchymal stem cells, the putative cell of origin of EwS. Hypermethylation of RASSF1 correlated with the transcriptional silencing of the tumor suppressor isoform RASFF1A, and transcriptional activation of the pro‐tumorigenic isoform RASSF1C, which promotes YAP1/TAZ activation. Knockdown of YAP1/TAZ decreased proliferation and invasion abilities of EwS cells and revealed that YAP1/TAZ transcription activity is inversely correlated with the EWS–FLI1 transcriptional signature. This transcriptional antagonism could be explained partly by EWS–FLI1‐mediated transcriptional repression of TAZ. Thus, YAP1/TAZ may override the transcriptional program induced by the fusion protein, contributing to the phenotypic plasticity determined by dynamic fluctuation of the fusion protein, a recently proposed model for disease dissemination in EwS. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Absolute electroluminescence imaging with distributed circuit modeling: Excellent for solar‐cell defect diagnosis
Authors: Hong Jianyu , Wang Youyang , Chen Yuanjing , Hu Xiaobo , Weng Guoen , Chen Shaoqiang , Akiyama Hidefumi , Zhang Yingbin , Zhang Bo , Chu Junhao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpatially resolved absolute electroluminescence (EL) imaging demonstrates the localized EL intensity and the uniformity of solar cells. Combined with two‐dimensional (2‐D) distributed circuit network modeling, detailed and important information that is contained in experimental data can be extracted for in‐depth understanding of solar cell performances. Herein, we measured the absolute EL images of three different solar cells (Si, GaAs, and Cu (In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS)) and observed the different injection‐current‐dependent EL intensities of the defect points (dark or bright) on the solar cells. The origins of these defects were attributed to different defect types according to our established 2‐D distributed equivalent circuit model. The results demonstrated that the combination of absolute EL imaging and distributed circuit modeling yielded accurate quantitative diagnoses of the electrical defects in solar cells.
Pressure Cycling Technology Assisted Mass Spectrometric Quantification of Gingival Tissue Reveals Proteome Dynamics during the Initiation and Progression of Inflammatory Periodontal Disease
Authors: Bao Kai , Li Xiaofei , Kajikawa Tetsuhiro , Toshiharu Abe , Selevsek Nathalie , Grossmann Jonas , Hajishengallis George , Bostanci Nagihan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the progression of periodontal tissue destruction is at the forefront of periodontal research. The authors aimed to capture the dynamics of gingival tissue proteome during the initiation and progression of experimental (ligature‐induced) periodontitis in mice. Pressure cycling technology (PCT), a recently developed platform that uses ultra‐high pressure to disrupt tissues, is utilized to achieve efficient and reproducible protein extraction from ultra‐small amounts of gingival tissues in combination with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The MS data are processed using Progenesis QI and the regulated proteins are subjected to METACORE, STRING, and WebGestalt for functional enrichment analysis. A total of 1614 proteins with ≥2 peptides are quantified with an estimated protein false discovery rate of 0.06%. Unsupervised clustering analysis shows that the gingival tissue protein abundance is mainly dependent on the periodontitis progression stage. Gene ontology enrichment analysis reveals an overrepresentation in innate immune regulation (e.g., neutrophil‐mediated immunity and antimicrobial peptides), signal transduction (e.g., integrin signaling), and homeostasis processes (e.g., platelet activation and aggregation). In conclusion, a PCT‐assisted label‐free quantitative proteomics workflow that allowed cataloging the deepest gingival tissue proteome on a rapid timescale and provided novel mechanistic insights into host perturbation during periodontitis progression is applied.
Examining model error in potential temperature and potential vorticity weather forecasts at different lead times
Authors: Martínez‐Alvarado Oscar , Sánchez Claudio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe examination of model error is fundamental to improve weather forecasts at any time‐scale. Here, model errors for two forecast lead times (12, 24 hr) at the grid‐point level are analysed using (a) the total Eulerian changes in variables, such as potential temperature and potential vorticity (PV), both conserved under adiabatic, frictionless conditions, and (b) Lagrangian diabatic tracers. The latter refines the Eulerian analysis by decomposing the total Eulerian changes into materially conserved and diabatically generated components. For both analyses, the behaviour of a theoretical unbiased model, for which the only assumption is that forecast error is zero when averaged over a large number of cases, is used as a reference. Deviations from this theoretical behaviour are used to highlight conditions leading to large errors. The analyses are performed on a set of forecasts produced with the UK Met Office Unified Model for a 25‐day period during the NAWDEX (North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment) field campaign (16 September–22 October 2016). The Eulerian approach indicates that changes in potential temperature and PV are underestimated with respect to the theoretical behaviour of an unbiased model. The grid points with the largest changes in 12 hr forecasts have the largest underestimation in the 24 hr forecast, highlighting the importance of the underestimation for the most dynamically and thermodynamically active grid points. The Lagrangian‐tracer investigation reveals very large deviations from the theoretical behaviour of an unbiased model regardless of the level of Eulerian change, in particular for PV, and an unrealistic similarity in magnitude between parametrized diabatic changes of PV in the 24 hr and 12 hr forecasts. This is at odds with what would be otherwise required to obtain unbiased behaviour. Addressing the deviations from the behaviour of a theoretical unbiased model found in this work could be a step forward towards an operational unbiased model.
Molecular design of novel indacenodithiophene‐based organic dyes for efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells applications
Authors: Fan Wen‐Jie , Zhao Dan , Liu Na , Tan Da‐Zhi , Chen Yong‐Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIndacenodithiophene (IDT)‐based high‐efficiency photovoltaics have received increasing attention recently. This paper reports a density functional theory investigation of the electronic and optical properties of three IDT‐based organic dyes together with the dye/(TiO2)46 interface. In order to enhance the photoelectric properties of IDT dyes, this paper considers two methods for the structure modification of the experimentally reported dye DPInDT (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 8977): the extension of the conjugation length by dithienothiophene as well as the heteroatom substitution of the bridging atoms by electron‐rich nitrogen atoms. Our calculations show that both methods obviously affect the distributions of the molecular orbitals and notably red shift the absorption peaks of around 20 nm, with the former method demonstrating enhanced light harvesting efficiency. The structure modifications proposed also enhance the emission spectrum properties for IDT‐based organic dyes. The calculated ultrafast injection time of electrons from the excited state of IDT dyes to the (TiO2)46 belongs to the femtosecond order of magnitude, and is ideal for efficient photoelectric conversion process in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) applications. The IDT dyes designed in this paper have good electronic and spectroscopic properties. This study is expected to provide useful guidance for the development of novel IDT dyes for applications in DSSCs.
Representations and descriptors unifying the study of molecular and bulk systems
Authors: Rossi Kevin , Cumby James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEstablishing a unified framework for describing the structures of molecular and periodic systems is a long‐standing challenge in physics, chemistry, and material science. With the rise of machine learning methods in these fields, there is a growing need for such a method. This perspective aims to discuss the development and use of three promising approaches—topological, atom‐density, and symmetry‐based—for the prediction and rationalization of physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of atomistic systems across different scales and compositions.
Generation of Non‐Classical Light Using Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Authors: Trivedi Rahul , Fischer Kevin A. , Vučković Jelena , Müller Kai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSources of non‐classical light are of paramount importance for future applications in quantum science and technology such as quantum communication, quantum computation and simulation, quantum sensing, and quantum metrology. This Review is focused on the fundamentals and recent progress in the generation of single photons, entangled photon pairs, and photonic cluster states using semiconductor quantum dots. Specific fundamentals which are discussed are a detailed quantum description of light, properties of semiconductor quantum dots, and light–matter interactions. This includes a framework for the dynamic modeling of non‐classical light generation and two‐photon interference. Recent progress is discussed in the generation of non‐classical light for off‐chip applications as well as implementations for scalable on‐chip integration.
Complexation and stability of the fungicide penconazole in the presence of zinc and copper ions
Authors: Kovač Ishak , Jakl Michal , Fanfrlík Jindřich , Andrushchenko Valery , Jaklová Dytrtová Jana 
Published: December 2019

RationaleFor the risk assessment of penconazole in the environment and the evaluation of the possible consequences of its use, it is important to determine how its reactivity and degradation are influenced by metals commonly found in nature, such as copper and zinc.MethodsChanges in the reactivity of penconazole in the presence of zinc/copper ions were studied using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations.ResultsMany penconazole complexes with copper and zinc ions were created; a comparison of the elements showed that a few complexes were formed analogously (doubly charged complexes with four penconazole molecules, singly charged complexes with chlorine as a counterion and singly charged complexes with deprotonated penconazole as a counterion). The metal complexes with different structures indicated different reactivity of penconazole with copper and zinc.ConclusionsThe experimental and computational approaches have revealed different changes in the structure of penconazole. In the Zn(II) complex, penconazole deprotonated to stabilise the bond to Zn(II). In the Cu(II) complex, it loses one chlorine atom, creates an additional ring between the triazole ring and the phenyl ring, and/or creates a double bond in the short aliphatic chain.
Factors influencing the municipal equality index as a measure of equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and questioning people
Authors: Buchanan Stan , Emery Lori 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWriting in the wake of Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), we review the current literature on the state of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and questioning (LGBTQ) rights in the United States. From the information gleaned, we move on to build and test a model to identify the forces that might shape the continuing struggle for LGBTQ equality under the law, using the Human Rights Campaign's Municipal Equality Index (MEI) as a standard. We find that religion, political affiliation, region, education, race, age, personal beliefs, and practices are all significant factors in shaping municipal policies that might bear on the equality of LGBTQ citizens. We conclude with a few remarks on the continuing struggle.
2D Antimony–Arsenic Alloys
Authors: Fortin‐Deschênes Matthieu , Waller Olga , An Qi , Lagos Maureen J. , Botton Gianluigi A. , Guo Hong , Moutanabbir Oussama 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlloying in group V 2D materials and heterostructures is an effective degree of freedom to tailor and enhance their physical properties. Up to date, black arsenic‐phosphorus is the only 2D group V alloy that has been experimentally achieved by exfoliation, leaving all other possible alloys in the realm of theoretical predictions. Herein, the existence of an additional alloy consisting of 2D antimony arsenide (2D‐AsxSb1−x) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on group IV semiconductor substrates and graphene is demonstrated. The atomic mixing of As and Sb in the lattice of the grown 2D layers is confirmed by low‐energy electron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The As content in 2D‐AsxSb1−x is shown to depend linearly on the As4/Sb4 deposition rate ratio and As concentrations up to 15 at% are reached. The grown 2D alloys are found to be stable in ambient conditions in a timescale of weeks but to oxidize after longer exposure to air. This study lays the groundwork for a better control of the growth and alloying of group V 2D materials, which is critical to study their basic physical properties and integrate them in novel applications.
Determining if simulation is effective for training in ultrasound: A narrative review
Authors: Bradley Kate , Quinton Ann , Aziz Aamer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSimulation allows students to learn fundamental skills, such as trial and error, critical thinking, and cognitive and motor skills in a safe environment that closely represents reality. Presently, there are large amounts of literature surrounding simulation in the health and medical field. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature surrounding simulation in medical ultrasound to assess if simulation is effective in teaching sonography skills, and if simulation can be used as a substitute for educating sonography students. A search for literature was conducted through databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. Key search terms included ultrasonography [MeSH] and simulation training [MeSH]. Overall, 19 studies were utilised in this review. All the literature concluded that simulation positively affects the learning process of ultrasound trainees. Furthermore, simulation is proven to be a highly valuable tool, which could replace some clinical hours and result in superior student outcomes compared with traditional teaching methods. Simulation however cannot replace traditional teaching methods entirely, and further research is needed to assess how to effectively incorporate simulation into ultrasound education.
Strength demand of dual‐purpose outrigger system for reducing lateral displacement and differential axial shortening in a tall building
Authors: Kim Han‐Soo , Lim You‐Jin , Lee Hye‐Lym 
Published: December 2019

SummaryCertain maximum lateral displacement (LAT) and differential axial shortening (DAS) values can lead to the deterioration of the serviceability of a structure. Previous studies indicated that an outrigger system can be used to control both the DAS and the LAT in a tall building. In order to enhance the applicability of the dual‐purpose outrigger system, the amount of stress developed on the outrigger due to the reductions of the LAT and DAS should be determined. Therefore, in this study, the stresses due to the LAT and DAS were analyzed in terms of the reduction ratio of the LAT and DAS, and the absolute sum of stresses, which was the strength demand of the outrigger, was evaluated as well. To identify the parameters affecting the additional stress of the outrigger, analytic equations were proposed to predict the additional shear force acting on the outrigger due to DAS reduction. A finite‐element analysis was performed to quantitatively identify the reduction ratio of the LAT and DAS as well as the resulting stress by changing four parameters: the stiffness, location, number, and connection time of outriggers. The results demonstrated that the stress of the dual‐purpose outrigger can be minimized by adjusting the design parameters.
Tower shadow induced blade loads for an extreme‐scale downwind turbine
Authors: Noyes Carlos , Qin Chao , Loth Eric 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe downwind rotor configuration provides a structural advantage compared with an upwind design. However, tower shadow has long been a concern for downwind systems. The tower shadow negatively affects the blade by introducing a load impulse during the wake passage. An aerodynamic fairing could shroud the tower reducing the wake. However, there is no clear consensus on the importance of a tower shadow for utility‐scale wind turbines. Simulations were conducted in FAST to determine the general parameters that influence the importance of the tower shadow effect for the differently sized wind turbines. The lock number of the blade was a significant driving quantity. Lower lock numbers (typical of small‐scale wind turbines) lead to greater relative fatigue damage from tower shadow effects. It was determined that a fairing is very helpful for small‐scale wind turbines operating in a low‐turbulence environment (such as a subscale wind tunnel test). However, the tower shadow increased the damage equivalent loading on an extreme scale blade by less than 5% in a turbulent environment. These results indicate that the cost of a tower fairing is likely unnecessary for utility‐scale wind turbines in operation.
A finite horizon optimal switching problem with memory and application to controlled SDDEs
Authors: Perninge Magnus 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe consider an optimal switching problem where the terminal reward depends on the entire control trajectory. We show existence of an optimal control by applying a probabilistic technique based on the concept of Snell envelopes. We then apply this result to solve an impulse control problem for stochastic delay differential equations driven by a Brownian motion and an independent compound Poisson process. Furthermore, we show that the studied problem arises naturally when maximizing the revenue from operation of a group of hydro-power plants with hydrological coupling.