bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing Disorders among HIV Positive Children at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Vincent Charles Medo , Paul Nsirimobu Ichendu 
Published: January 2020

Background: Use of antiretroviral drugs (ART) has changed the epidemiology of HIV disease, making it a chronic illness and with many people developing long term sequelae of the disease such as hearing loss. This study compared hearing disorders, its types and severity among children with and without HIV disease.
Methods: This was a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study carried out among eligible patients who were HIV positive, aged 6 to 15 years recruited via systematic sampling method and matched by age and sex with HIV negative controls. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to extract the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects, patients/caregivers awareness of hearing impairment and to document the otoscopic, Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry findings performed on the patients. CD4 count was done for all the study participants while all HIV positive patients were graded for severity using WHO clinical Staging. Obtained data was analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 400 children aged 6 years to 15 years were recruited for the study out of which 200 were HIV positive (cases), while 200 were HIV negative (controls). Otitis media with effusion, otitis media and perforated tympanic membrane were the predominant tympanometry and otoscopic findings. Seventy-three (36.5%) of the HIV positive patients had hearing loss compared to 19(9.5%) of HIV negative patients and this was statistically significant (X2 = 41.1; p = 0.0001). Majority (95.9%) of persons with hearing loss had the conductive type and of mild degree 53 (72.6%). Only 3(4.1%) caregivers of the HIV positive children and 1 (5.6%) caregiver of the HIV negative children were aware of the hearing impairment in their children but none had complained to their primary health caregivers.
Conclusion: This study has established a higher rate of hearing loss, of the conductive type and of mild degree among HIV positive patient. It is necessary to assess and monitor the hearing in HIV positive children by conducting interval PTA testing and Tympanometry to ensure timely intervention since parental awareness is poor.
Designing Momentums: Site, Practice, Media as Landscape
Authors: Geros Christina Leigh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractChristina Leigh Geros believes that landscape is more than the land, and that landscape architecture is a process of designing and reconciling disparate ‘momentums’. A tutor in the MA Environmental Architecture programme at the Royal College of Art, research fellow for Monsoon Assemblages at the University of Westminster, and design research strategist for PetaBencana.id, here she explores the expanding of the definition of ‘landscape’ through wider analysis of contemporary media, site and practice.
Inwood's Geofollies: And Other Witnesses of Dissonance
Authors: Torres‐Campos Tiago 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Inwood neighbourhood of Manhattan is a place of nuances, of possibilities, of soft boundaries – a landscape of differing times. Landscape architect Tiago Torres‐Campos, an associate professor at the Rhode Island School of Design, employs a variety of research‐by‐design methodologies to explore the potentialities of the area through the construction of a ‘geologic’ landscape of follies.
Meal‐Deal Ecologies: Landscape Thinking
Authors: Bix Harry 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHarry Bix is the founder of art practice East Anglia Records, and teaches Landscape Architecture at the University of Greenwich. The post‐Situationist, event‐driven ethos of his work revels in the everyday and incomplete, without seeking fully quantifiable definition. As he explains here, his projects are happenings, bringing together people, music and ambiences – catalysts operating on existing conditions, rearticulating them as landscapes of events.
From Line to Landscape: The Irish Northwest Border Region
Authors: Doherty Gareth , Matamoros Pol Fité 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe complexity of border landscapes far exceeds the simple drawing of a line on a map. Gareth Doherty and Pol Fité Matamoros discuss the work of the Critical Landscapes Design Lab at Harvard University Graduate School of Design in respect to the Irish/Northern Irish border – a landscape that in recent times has been a fulcrum for important epistemological issues and political machinations.
Network Structure Modification‐Enabled Hybrid Polymer Dielectric Film with Zirconia for the Stretchable Transistor Applications
Authors: Kim Jeong Oh , Hur Jae Seok , Kim Daesik , Lee Byeongmoon , Jung Jae Min , Kim Hyeon A. , Chung Ui Jin , Nam Seung Hee , Hong Yongtaek , Park Kwon‐Shik , Jeong Jae Kyeong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStretchable electronic devices should be enabled by the smart design of materials and architectures because their commercialization is limited by the tradeoff between stretchability and electrical performance limits. In this study, thin‐film transistors are fabricated using strategies that combine the unit process of a novel hybrid gate insulator and low‐temperature indium gallium tin oxide (IGTO) channel layer and a stress‐relief substrate structure. Novel hybrid dielectric films are synthesized and their molecular structural configurations are analyzed. These films consist of a polymer [poly(4‐vinylphenol‐co‐methylmethacrylate)], cross‐linkers having different binding structures [1,6‐bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane (BTMSH), dodecyltrimethoxysilane, and poly(melamine‐co‐formaldehyde)], and an inorganic zirconia component (ZrOx). The hybrid film with BTMSH cross‐linker and 0.2 M ZrOx exhibits excellent insulating properties as well as mechanical stretchability. IGTO transistors fabricated on polyimide‐coated glass substrates are transferred to the rubber substrate to offer stretchability of the transistor pixelated thin‐film transistors. IGTO transistors fabricated on stretchable substrates using these strategies show promising electrical performance and mechanical durability. After 200 stretchability test cycles under uniaxial elongation of approximately 300%, the IGTO transistor still retains a high carrier mobility of 21.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, a low sub‐threshold gate swing of 0.68 V decade−1 and a high ION/OFF ratio of 2.0 × 107.
Laser‐Patterned Copper Electrodes for Proximity and Tactile Sensors
Authors: Li Yuekang , Zhou Xingwen , Chen Junliang , Guo Wei , He Shuo , Gao Shuo , Peng Peng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProximity and tactile sensors are important in human–machine interaction, which are usually fabricated with complex processes. In this study, a facile assembling method to fabricate these sensors on flexible substrate is presented. Using one‐step laser‐patterned highly conductive Cu electrodes on polyimide sheets and polydimethylsiloxane dielectric layer, single‐pixel proximity sensor with long detecting range and multichannel tactile sensor with high planar sensitivity are fabricated. Both sensors exhibit long term stability and repeatability throughout hundreds of testing cycles. This study highlights a rapid and low cost assembling for fabricating of capacitive sensors.
While the diplomatic fruit is ripe: An international commission on the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Robertson Jeffrey 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Korean Peninsula is home to intermittent conflict and is an ongoing critical flashpoint. It is an entrenched, long‐standing international problem—exactly what international commissions are designed to address. An international commission is an ad hoc transnational investigative mechanism, which dependent upon its sponsors and constitution can be thought of as either a temporary intergovernmental organization or nongovernmental organization (NGO). They are routinely led by senior, respected politicians or leaders and include a range of similarly respected commissioners, including government, military, academic, and NGO representatives. Their end goal is the production of a comprehensive and definitive report that will serve as a reference point for future diplomatic initiatives. Their strength lies in the power of ideas—the capacity to transform the way we think about entrenched, long‐standing international problems. This article assesses the appropriateness of an international commission to address the long‐term challenges of Korean Peninsula security and stability.
Recombinant peptide fusion construction for protein‐templated catalytic palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Tejada‐Vaprio Rita , Mosleh Imann , Mukherjee Rudra Palash , Aljewari Hazim , Fruchtl McKinzie , Elmasheiti Ahmed , Bedford Nicholas , Greenlee Lauren , Beyzavi M. Hassan , Beitle Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough peptide‐enabled synthesis of nanostructures has garnered considerable interest for use in catalytic applications, it has so far been achieved mostly via Fmoc based solid phase peptide synthesis. Consequently, the potential of longer peptides in nanoparticle synthesis have not been explored largely due to the complexities and economic constraints of this chemical synthesis route. This study examines the potential of a 45‐amino acid long peptide expressed as fusion to green fluorescence protein (GFPuv) in Escherichia coli for use in palladium nanoparticle synthesis. Fed‐batch fermentation with E. coli harboring an arabinose‐inducible plasmid produced a product containing three copies of Pd4 peptide fused to N‐terminus of GFPuv ((Pd4)3‐GFPuv). Using the intrinsic fluorescence of GFPuv, expression and enrichment of the fusion product was easily monitored. Crude lysate, desalted lysate, and an ion‐exchange enriched fraction containing (Pd4)3‐GFPuv were used to test the hypothesis that high purity of the biologic material used as the nanoparticle synthesis template may not be necessary. Nanoparticles were characterized using a variety of material science techniques and used to catalyze a model Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. Results demonstrated that palladium nanoparticles can be synthesized using the soluble cell extract containing (Pd4)3‐GFPuv without extensive purification or cleavage steps, and as a catalyst the crude mixture is functional.
Innervation of the clavicular part of the deltoid muscle by the lateral pectoral nerve
Authors: Larionov Alexey , Yotovski Peter , Link Karl , Filgueira Luis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe innervation pattern of the clavicular head of the deltoid muscle and its corresponding topography was investigated via cadaveric dissection in the present study, focusing on the lateral pectoral nerve.Materials and methodsFifty‐eight upper extremities were dissected and the nerve supplies to the deltoid muscle and the variability of the lateral pectoral and axillary nerves, including their topographical patterns, were noted.ResultsThe clavicular portion of the deltoid muscle received a deltoid branch from the lateral pectoral nerve in 86.2% of cases. Two topographical patterns of the lateral pectoral nerve were observed, depending on the branching level from the brachial plexus: a proximal variant, where the nerve entered the pectoral region under the clavicle, and a distal variant, where the nerve entered the pectoral region from the axillary fossa around the caudal border of the pectoralis minor. These dissection findings were supported by histological confirmation of peripheral nerve tissue entering the clavicular part of the deltoid muscle.ConclusionsThe topographical variations of the lateral pectoral nerve are relevant for orthopedic and trauma surgeons and neurologists. These new data could revise the interpretation of deltoid muscle atrophy and of thoracic outlet and pectoralis minor compression syndromes. They could also explain the residual anteversion function of the arm after axillary nerve injury and deficiency, which is often thought to be related to biceps brachii muscle function.
Titanium as a Substrate for Three‐Dimensional Hybrid Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications
Authors: Lu Xubin , Li Fan , Steimecke Matthias , Tariq Muhammad , Hartmann Mark , Bron Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTitanium, either in the form of a Ti foil or in form of a Ti mesh, was used as a novel substrate to grow nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) through chemical vapor deposition at moderate temperatures over electrodeposited iron particles. The thus‐prepared high‐surface‐area electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance towards the V(IV)/V(V) redox couple was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The parameters for iron particle electrodeposition were adjusted towards high and uniform substrate coverage. Nanotube growth from acetonitrile at moderate temperatures (600 °C) led to N‐containing CNTs with a high amount of graphitic nitrogen. NCNTs grown over Ti substrates provide promising performances towards the V(IV)/V(V) as well as the V(III)/V(IV) redox pair. In general, the results of this study show that Ti might be a suitable electrocatalyst substrate for various applications in electrochemical energy conversion.
Revolutionary Times
Authors: Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis perspective article presents the author's views on the current revolutionary time in society and science, driven by the actions to mitigate climate change and the targets in the decrease of CO2 emissions. Due to the short time scale needed to implement large‐scale renewable electricity schemes, new technologies on how to store huge amounts of electric energy have to be implemented. One possibility is the production of hydrogen from water using renewable electricity, which also open up new avenues to perform ammonia and methanol syntheses. The future application of photocatalysis using direct sunlight for the production of solar fuels is also discussed, commenting on which are the most promising photocatalytic reactions that are close to become tested on pilot scales.
CD49f protein expression varies among genetic subgroups of B lymphoblastic leukemia and is distinctly low in KMT2A‐rearranged cases
Authors: Collins Katrina , Cardinali Jolene L. , Mnayer Laila O. , DiGiuseppe Joseph A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCD49f (integrin α6) is a useful marker for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in B lymphoblastic leukemia and has recently been suggested to mediate infiltration of the central nervous system by leukemic B lymphoblasts. However, data regarding expression of CD49f protein in B lymphoblastic leukemia are limited, and whether CD49f protein expression varies among genetic subgroups of B lymphoblastic leukemia is unknown.MethodsCD49f protein expression was characterized by flow cytometry in a series of 40 cases of B lymphoblastic leukemia, which included the genetic subgroups: KMT2A‐rerranged, BCR‐ABL1+, ETV6‐RUNX1+, hypodiploidy, and hyperdiploidy.ResultsExpression of CD49f differed significantly among the five genetic subgroups studied, whether assessed by percentage of blasts positive for the antigen (p = .0001, Kruskal–Wallis) or median fluorescence intensity (MFI) (p = .0001, Kruskal‐Wallis). Moreover, the percentage of CD49f+ blasts and MFI of CD49f were significantly lower in KMT2A‐rearranged cases than in cases without KMT2A rearrangement (p = .0002 for both, Mann–Whitney).ConclusionsCD49f protein expression varies among genetic subgroups of B lymphoblastic leukemia, and is distinctly low in KMT2A‐rearranged cases.
Shared digital identity and rich knowledge ties in global 3D printing—A drizzle in the clouds?
Authors: Bouncken Ricarda , Barwinski Roman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryModern audio‐visual digital technology enables the immediate exchange of explicit, but also of tacit knowledge worldwide. Still, when not embedded in strong ties, the international exchange of tacit and proprietary knowledge becomes risky. Our flexible pattern matching qualitative research approach develops new theory and finds that in the nascent 3D printing industry firms exchange explicit and tacit knowledge globally, even in weak ties. The exchanges seem to be grounded in identification processes with digital technology forming a shared digital identity. We conceptualize the shared digital identity as the collective self‐concept(s) of an in‐group towards the creation, emergence, application, and development of digital technology built on a sense of community, enthusiasm, being part of something special as well as common values and norms.Managerial SummaryFirms in the nascent digital industry of 3D printing share knowledge worldwide. Potentials of transferring tacit and proprietary knowledge by modern audio‐visual digital technologies increase constantly. However, so do the dangers of knowledge leakage and competitive risks. A resolution of this tension comes from a new phenomenon, the shared digital identity. A shared digital identity within and among firms enables and informally guards the sharing of tacit and proprietary knowledge via digital technologies. We conceptualize the shared digital identity by a sense of community, enthusiasm, being part of something special as well as common values and norms. The knowledge exchanges assisted by digital technology occur under the aegis of the shared digital identity and accelerate the emergence of digital technologies and so facilitate global business.
Analysis of patients who decline treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: National perspective
Authors: Sullivan Christopher B. , Al‐Qurayshi Zaid , Pagedar Nitin A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze demographic and socioeconomic factors that influence patients' decisions to decline treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsRetrospective cohort analysis utilizing the National Cancer Data Base of patients with oral cavity/oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal SCC.ResultsA total of 166 204 patients were included, of which 689 patients declined all treatment. Among early‐stage (I‐II) patients, Charlson/Deyo score ≥ 3, hypopharyngeal cancer, and no insurance or Medicare were more likely to decline all recommended treatment (P < .05). Among advanced stage (III‐IV) patients, females (odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.05‐1.53; P = .013), Charlson Deyo score ≥ 1, non‐oral cavity cancers, and closer distance between patient's area of residence from treating facility were more likely to decline all treatment (P < .05).ConclusionsFemale patients and patients with no insurance, Medicare, or Medicaid are more likely to decline recommended treatment for SCC of the head and neck. Educational status is not predictive of declining treatment.
Novel Liquid Biopsy Test Based on a Sensitive Methylated SEPT9 Assay for Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kotoh Yurika , Suehiro Yutaka , Saeki Issei , Hoshida Tomomi , Maeda Masaki , Iwamoto Takuya , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Hidaka Isao , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Takami Taro , Higaki Shingo , Fujii Ikuei , Suzuki Chieko , Shindo Yoshitaro , Tokumitsu Yukio , Nagano Hiroaki , Sakaida Isao , Yamasaki Takahiro 
Published: January 2020

Liquid biopsies are not used in practice for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epi proColon is the first commercial blood‐based test for colorectal cancer screening based on methylated DNA testing of the septin 9 gene (SEPT9). However, Epi proColon has some disadvantages, including the requirement of a large amount of blood and lack of quantitative performance. Therefore, we previously developed a novel liquid biopsy test that can quantitatively detect even a single copy of methylated SEPT9 in a small amount of DNA. In the current study, we evaluated the application potential of this assay for diagnosing HCC. Study subjects included 80 healthy volunteers, 45 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) without HCC, and 136 patients with HCC (stage 0, 12; stage A, 50; stage B, 31; stage C, 41; and stage D, 2), according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system. For the assay, DNA was treated with methylation‐sensitive restriction enzymes in two steps, followed by multiplex droplet digital polymerase chain reaction. The median copy number of methylated SEPT9 was 0.0, 2.0, and 6.4 in the healthy control, CLD, and HCC groups, respectively, with significant differences among the groups (HCC vs. healthy control, P < 0.001; HCC vs. CLD, P = 0.002; CLD vs. healthy control, P = 0.008). Assay sensitivity and specificity were 63.2% and 90.0%, respectively (cutoff value, 4.6 copies), in detecting HCC when compared with healthy subjects. The positive rate of methylated SEPT9 increased with HCC progression (stage 0, 41.7%; stage A, 58.0%; stage B, 61.3%; stage C, 75.6%; and stage D, 100%). Conclusion: We developed a sensitive methylated SEPT9 assay that might serve as a liquid biopsy test for diagnosing HCC.
Maximizing the strength of calcium sulfate for structural bone grafts
Authors: Cavelier Sacha , Tanzer Michael , Barthelat Francois 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCalcium sulfate (CS) combines remarkable properties of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity but its low strength limits the range of its applications in orthopaedic surgery. In this study we have addressed this limitation by optimizing the fabrication process for pure CS, and by using mechanical testing procedures which are relevant for load carrying, or structural bone grafts (flexural tests in hydrated condition). By optimizing the processing parameters (pressure during setting, CS powder to water ratio, saturated solution) we produced CS samples with the highest flexural strength ever reported in hydrated conditions. Once these optimal conditions are used, the addition of “reinforcing” inclusions in the material decreased its strength because these inclusions actually act as defects instead of reinforcements. In addition, the CS can be formed in precise shapes while maintaining optimal processing conditions and provided a strength similar to that of bone with the same dimensions. Dense and porous materials can be combined to duplicate the trabecular and cortical architecture of long bones, with only a small loss of overall strength.