bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF ASIR VARIATION EFFECT TO SNR ON UNENHANCED ABDOMINAL CT SCAN IN UROLITHIASIS
Authors: Pratama Putra Rizki Aditiya , Rahardjo Paulus , Pramono Pramono 
Published: November 2020

Background: Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) reconstruction in unenhanced abdominal CT scan reduce the radiation dose from 11.6 mSv to 2.07 mSv. However, the decrease in dose is accompanied by a decrease in image quality. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is one of image quality parameters. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of the ASIR method on the optimal Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value in unenhanced abdominal CT of urolithiasis in clinical data. Method: 27 samples collected and the SNR was measured on the ASIR reconstruction results at the level of 40%, 50%, 60% by placing the ROI in organ structures with different densities. Result: The results of this study indicate that the ASIR method has a significant effect on the SNR value. Based on the linear regression test, the value was 0.005 ( p< 0.05) and only had an effect of 9.5% on SNR. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ASIR method affects the optimal SNR value for unenhanced abdominal CT on urolithiasis. The ASIR 60% level was recommended.
Calculating Age-Standardized Death Rates Among People With HIV Comparable Across Jurisdictions and Over Time
Authors: Xia Qiang , Sun Ying , Ramaswamy Chitra , Torian Lucia V. , Li Wenhui 
Published: November 2020

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and local health jurisdictions have been using HIV surveillance data to monitor mortality among people with HIV in the United States with age-standardized death rates, but the principles of age standardization have not been consistently followed, making age standardization lose its purpose—comparison over time, across jurisdictions, or by other characteristics. We review the current practices of age standardization in calculating death rates among people with HIV in the United States, discuss the principles of age standardization including those specific to the HIV population whose age distribution differs markedly from that of the US 2000 standard population, make recommendations, and report age-standardized death rates among people with HIV in New York City. When we restricted the analysis population to adults aged between 18 and 84 years in New York City, the age-standardized death rate among people with HIV decreased from 20.8 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.2, 22.3) in 2013 to 17.1 per 1000 (95% CI = 15.8, 18.3) in 2017, and the age-standardized death rate among people without HIV decreased from 5.8 per 1000 in 2013 to 5.5 per 1000 in 2017.
Optimal Allocation of Societal HIV Prevention Resources to Reduce HIV Incidence in the United States
Authors: Sansom Stephanie L. , Hicks Katherine A. , Carrico Justin , Jacobson Evin U. , Shrestha Ram K. , Green Timothy A. , Purcell David W. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives. To optimize combined public and private spending on HIV prevention to achieve maximum reductions in incidence. Methods. We used a national HIV model to estimate new infections from 2018 to 2027 in the United States. We estimated current spending on HIV screening, interventions that move persons with diagnosed HIV along the HIV care continuum, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and syringe services programs. We compared the current funding allocation with 2 optimal scenarios: (1) a limited-reach scenario with expanded efforts to serve eligible persons and (2) an ideal, unlimited-reach scenario in which all eligible persons could be served. Results. A continuation of the current allocation projects 331 000 new HIV cases over the next 10 years. The limited-reach scenario reduces that number by 69%, and the unlimited reach scenario by 94%. The most efficient funding allocations resulted in prompt diagnosis and sustained viral suppression through improved screening of high-risk persons and treatment adherence support for those infected. Conclusions. Optimal allocations of public and private funds for HIV prevention can achieve substantial reductions in new infections. Achieving reductions of more than 90% under current funding will require that virtually all infected receive sustained treatment.
Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in Immigration Detention Centers Requires the Release of Detainees
Authors: Lopez William D. , Kline Nolan , LeBrón Alana M. W. , Novak Nicole L. , De Trinidad Young Maria-Elena , Gonsalves Gregg , Mishori Ranit , Safi Basil A. , Kysel Ian M. 
Published: November 2020

Immigration detention centers are densely populated facilities in which restrictive conditions limit detainees’ abilities to engage in social distancing or hygiene practices designed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. With tens of thousands of adults and children in more than 200 immigration detention centers across the United States, immigration detention centers are likely to experience COVID-19 outbreaks and add substantially to the population of those infected. Despite compelling evidence indicating a heightened risk of infection among detainees, state and federal governments have done little to protect the health of detained im-migrants. An evidence-based public health framework must guide the COVID-19 response in immigration detention centers. We draw on the hierarchy of controls framework to demonstrate how immigration detention centers are failing to implement even the least effective control strategies. Drawing on this framework and recent legal and medical advocacy efforts, we argue that safely releasing detainees from immigration detention centers into their communities is the most effective way to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in immigration detention settings. Failure to do so will result in infection and death among those detained and deepen existing health and social inequities.
A Multiscale Model of Terrain Dynamics for Real-Time Earthmoving Simulation
Authors: Servin Martin , Berglund Tomas , Nystedt Samuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A multiscale model for real-time simulation of terrain dynamics is explored. To represent the dynamics on different scales the model combines the description of soil as a continuous solid, as distinct particles and as rigid multibodies. The models are dynamically coupled to each other and to the earthmoving equipment. Agitated soil is represented by a hybrid of contacting particles and continuum solid, with the moving equipment and resting soil as geometric boundaries. Each zone of active soil is aggregated into distinct bodies, with the proper mass, momentum and frictional-cohesive properties, which constrain the equipment's multibody dynamics. The particle model parameters are pre-calibrated to the bulk mechanical parameters for a wide range of different soils. The result is a computationally efficient model for earthmoving operations that resolve the motion of the soil, using a fast iterative solver, and provide realistic forces and dynamic for the equipment, using a direct solver for high numerical precision. Numerical simulations of excavation and bulldozing operations are performed to validate model and measure the computational performance. Reference data is produced using coupled discrete element and multibody dynamics simulations at relatively high resolution. The digging resistance and soil displacements with the real-time multiscale model agree with the reference model up to 10-25%, and run more than three orders in magnitude faster.
Correlation of Dermatoglyphics in the Early Diagnosis of Dental Caries in Children in India
Authors: Jain Kritika , Dudhraj Vibhor , Mukhopadhyay Debraj , Boparai Jasdeep , Tathireddy Sandhya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Dermatoglyphics defined as the study of the complex skin dermal structures covering hand and foot palmar and plantar surfaces. Upon the whole development of the structures, they are unaffected by the environment. That’s why they are considered ideal for individual identification, and to detect congenital defects. Nevertheless, the co-relation of dental caries to dermatoglyphics is still at infancy. Hence, the present research proposal will review the work conducted by various authors on application of dermatoglyphics in dentistry along with the advantages and patterns of dermatoglyphics. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence of the relationship between the dermatoglyphics and dental caries. Methods: A systematic search of the literature will be done in the ProQuest, SCIENCE DIRECT, Google Scholar, PubMed. All papers published from 1 st January 2010 to 31 st December 2019 on this topic will be searched. PRISMA guidelines will be followed. Eligibility criteria will be informed using the PICOS guidelines. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used for search and analyzed for heterogeneity. Risk of bias assessment will be performed using Newcastle-Ottawa adapted for cross-sectional studies and case control studies. Systematic Review Registration: This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020191996). Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics is a future aspect of medicine and forensic. The link between fingerprints and dental caries is still in its infancy, but in the upcoming time dermatoglyphic can be considered as the predictor of congenital abnormalities. Dermatoglyphics has shifted from darkness to diagnostic device acceptance. This can be important resource in the future that can forecast person’s oral health. Keywords: Dermatoglyphics, Dental Caries, India, Children
Genome-wide Association Study Reveals the IBSP&nbsp;Locus Affect Ear Size in Cattle
Authors: Shen Jiafei , Xia Xiaoting , Chen Qiuming , Zhang Fengwei , Huang Bizhi , Hanif Quratulain , Li Fangyu , Chen Ningbo , Qu Kaixing , Liu Jianyong , Zhang Jicai , Huang Yongzhen , Dang Ruihua , Lan Xianyong , Chen Hong , Jiang Yu , Lei Chuzhao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundEar size is a classical model for hot climate adaptation following evolution, however, the genetic basis of the traits associated with the ear size remains to be elucidated.ResultsIn the current study, we performed GWAS on 158 cattle individuals to to explain the genetic mechanism of ear size. The results suggested significant association of IBSP locus with ear size. A missense mutation (Threonine-250→Isoleucine) on the seventh exon of IBSP was observed, which occurred at a quite conserved site and changed the three-dimensional (3D) structure simulations. In addition to GWAS, 14 cattle breeds were screened for the selection signals associating with the ear size using Fst and SweepD. The selective sweep analysis also suggested that IBSP was under positive selection amongst 4 breeds with relatively large ear size. The allele distribution of this mutation was validated among 394 samples from 21 worldwide cattle breeds, which strongly implied the origin of the A allele mutation to be from the Bos taurus.ConclusionsThese findings not only have important theoretical significance for the exploration of major genes associated with the ear size but also provide important molecular markers for the identification of cattle germplasm resources.
Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Domestic Violence in Iranian and Afghan Pregnant Women: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Dehghan Mahlagha , Ferdosi Hakimeh , Abazari Faroukh , Farokhzadian Jamileh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Domestic violence against pregnant women is becoming more frequent and intense. Studies have shown that women who were under more physical and psychological violence experienced a lot of stress and depression and had less ability to communicate with their fetuses. International statistics show a high prevalence of violence against Afghan women and the communities migrated to Afghanistan. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the maternal-fetal attachment and domestic violence between Iranian and Afghan pregnant women.Methods: This study has a descriptive-comparative cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of Iranian and Afghan pregnant women referred to Kerman Health Centers in 2018-2019. One hundred-forty-six Iranian pregnant women and 142 Afghan pregnant women were enrolled in the study by the quota sampling. Data collection tools were demographic and clinical information questionnaire, questionnaires of domestic violence against women, and maternal-fetal attachment scale. Results: The mean score of maternal-fetal attachment in Iranian and Afghan pregnant women was higher than the average. Also, scores of maternal-fetal attachment and its dimensions in Afghan pregnant women were significantly higher than that of Iranian pregnant women (P < 0.001). The mean score of domestic violence was low in Iranian and Afghan pregnant women. There was no significant difference between Iranian and Afghan pregnant women in the total score of domestic violence (P > 0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between maternal-fetal attachment and domestic violence in Iranian pregnant women (P < 0.05). In Afghan pregnant women, there was a positive and significant correlation between maternal-fetal attachment and sexual violence in while there was a significant and reverse relationship between other dimensions of attachment and violence (P < 0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that the rate of violence in the studied populations was low, and maternal-fetal attachment rate is appropriate. The relationship between violence and mother-fetal attachment had a different pattern in Iranian and Afghan women. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the factors affecting maternal-fetal attachment, especially in Afghan women.
Restoration Method of Sootiness Mural Images Based on Dark Channel Prior and Retinex by Bilateral Filter
Authors: Cao Ning , Lyu Shuqiang , Hou Miaole , Wang Wanfu , Gao Zhenhua , Shaker Ahmed , Dong Youqiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Environmental changes and human activities can cause serious degradation of murals, where sootiness is one of the most common problems of ancient Chinese indoor murals. In order to improve the visual quality of the murals, a restoration method is proposed for sootiness murals based on dark channel prior and Retinex by bilateral filter using hyperspectral imaging technology. First, radiometric correction and denoising through band clipping and minimum noise fraction rotation forward and inverse transform were applied to the hyperspectral data of the sootiness mural to produce its denoised reflectance image. Second, a near-infrared band was selected from the reflectance image and combined with the green and blue visible bands to synthesize a pseudo color image for the subsequent sootiness removal processing. The near-infrared band is selected because it is better penetrating the sootiness layer to a certain extent comparing to other bands. Third, the sootiness covered on the pseudo color image was preliminarily removed by using the method of dark channel prior and by adjusting the brightness of the image. Finally, the Retinex by bilateral filter was performed on the image to get the final restored image, where the sootiness was removed. The results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the influence of sootiness on the mural image and improve its visual quality. It can also be used to reveal the original appearance of the mural to reasonable extent.
Validation of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Acetic and Formic Acid in Museum Environments
Authors: Kraševec Ida , Menart Eva , Strlič Matija , Cigić Irena Kralj 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Acetic acid and formic acid are volatile pollutants leading to degradation of some heritage materials. They are usually determined in museum environments with various types of passive samplers. In this work, SKC UMEx 200 passive samplers, originally intended for sampling of NO2 and SO2, have been validated for sampling of these organic acids. The sampling rates, extraction efficiency, loss through reverse diffusion or during storage, capacity, and detection limits were determined for both acids. For laboratory exposure, a known concentration of both acids was prepared in a flow-through reactor system at controlled temperature and humidity, the samplers were extracted, followed by analysis using ion chromatography. The sampling rates were determined to be 16.7 ml/min for acetic and 17.7 ml/min for formic acid and the detection limits for 7-day exposure were determined to be 2.1 µg/m3 for acetic and 1.9 µg/m3 for formic acid. The validated method was finally used for sampling of air in two case studies at the National Museum of Slovenia, where the concentrations in the range of 2-54 µg/m3 were determined.
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma with Abrupt Transition of Low-Grade and High-Grade Dedifferentiated Components ：A Case Report
Authors: WEN YANG , HE XIANGLEI , ZHAO MING 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a unique subtype ofliposarcoma, which has obvious histological heterogeneity. In affected patients, the condition typically manifests as the dedifferentiation of high-grade histological morphology, but it may also manifest as the dedifferentiation of low-grade histological morphology. In some cases, unique histological or immunophenotypic characteristics are observed. We describe, herein, a rare case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, in which the high-grade and low-grade dedifferentiated components coexisted with a relatively sharp transition in pathology.Case presentation: A 69-year-old woman with severe abdominal pain lasting for 1 hour presented to our hospital. Physical examination revealed a mobile large left abdominal mass, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed a huge mass with typical fat components and the non-fatty nodule in the left retroperitoneal cavity. After laparotomy, histologic analysis of the specimens could find the ALT/WDLPS and DDLPS components. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis suggested the presence of MDM2 gene amplification. These findings supported a diagnosis of DDLPS.Conclusion: In our case, the high-grade and low-grade dedifferentiated components coexisted with a relatively sharp transition in pathology. We hypothesize that low-grade dedifferentiation may be a precursor to high-grade dedifferentiation. MRI images cannot distinguish the two components.
Clinicopathological and Genomic Analysis of a Chinese ccRCC Patient with Multiple Morphologies and Rapid Progression : A Case Report
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Junyun , Liang Yunshi , Wang Jianfei , Xv Jin , Liu Guorong , Tang Xiubo , Tang Zhaoliang , Zhang Jinxiang , Huang Yunhai , Yuan Hong , Chen Yehui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sarcomatoid differentiation and multiple metastases is highly aggressive RCC with poor prognosis. However, there are not sufficient report on the genetic alterations and tumor immune microenviroment (TIME) of RCC with complex pathological morphology and aggressive behavior.Case presentation: A rare Chinese RCC case with complex pathological morphology and multiple subcutaneous and soft tissue metastases was reported. The clinical manifestations, histomorphology, immunophenotype and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. We performed target region sequencing and immunohistochemistry staining in different morphological regions of the primary tumor and the peritoneal metastasis. Microscopically, this primary tumor was composed of three different histological variations, including ccRCC like region, eosinophilic papillary structure and sarcomatoid differentiation. The peritoneal metastasis partially showed rhabdoid differentiation. IHC staining didn’t display positivity for characteristic markers. IHC for inflammatory cells showed that CD8+T cells and tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) were significantly increased in the sarcomatous areas and peritoneal metastatic tumor. Genomic analysis indicated that VHL mutations were present in all types of pathological regions and peritoneal metastatic tumor. Therefore, the pathological diagnosis of high-grade ccRCC with sarcomatoid differentiation was established. Additionally, we also found SETD2, TP53 and PDGFRA mutations were observed in sarcomatoid tumor area, whereas BRCA2, ATR, CYLD, YAP1 and COL5A3 mutations were specifically detected in peritoneal metastases. These findings are rather striking because some genes e.g., ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR) and Hippo signaling (YAP1), PI3K-Akt signaling (PDGFRA) and T cell receptor signaling (COL5A3) were previously reported to be very rare in ccRCC patients.Conclusions: Using next-generation sequencing and TIME analysis, multiple low-frequency mutant genes including PDGFRA, ATR, YAP1 and COL5A3 and increased CD8+ T cells and neutrophils were detected in this rare Chinese ccRCC. These findings potentially provide new evidence and molecular markers for accurately assessing the biological behavior of ccRCC.
Trigger Team Activation for Acute Patients. A Cohort Study at a Level 1 University Hospital in Denmark
Authors: Posth Stefan , Froberg Lonnie , Bak Søren , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Brabrand Mikkel , Lassen Annmarie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: While patients with major trauma, suspected ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or stroke have implemented pathways for quick access to specialized trigger teams, other patients with time dependent diseases present with less obvious aetiology and have less documented pathways at arrival to the hospital. Aim: To describe the number, diagnosis and prognosis of patients arriving to the trigger teams for trauma, suspected STEMI, suspected stroke, and Medical emergency patients (MEP) Method: Retrospective cohort study of all patients who between November 2012 and September 2015 had either a trauma, STEMI, stroke or MEP trigger team activation at arrival to Odense University Hospital – a level 1 trauma centre, a direct referral centre for patients with suspected STEMI to the catheterization laboratory or stroke, and with a trigger team at emergency department arrival of MEP patients from the local area. Results: There were 8,075 activations of a trigger team at hospital arrival, median 7.6 calls per day (range 1-18); 16.7% trauma, 28.3% STEMI, 19.7% stroke and 35.3% MEP calls. This corresponds to 161/100,000 person years (py) with trauma calls, 64/100,000 py STEMI calls, 72/100,000 py stroke calls and 340/100,000 py MEP calls. Patients from the different calls had a 30-day mortality of 12% (trauma), 8% (STEMI), 5% (stroke), and 25% (MEP). Whereas patients from trauma, STEMI and stroke calls were mainly discharged within a few ICD10 (International classification of diseases, version 10) main coding areas, patients from MEP calls had discharge diagnosis within many different ICD10 main coding areas. Conclusion: Trauma, STEMI and stroke trigger teams are used at a daily base, treat a prehospitally well-defined patient population and have a relatively low 7-day mortality. Patients with MEP calls are more frequent, have a diverse aetiology and a higher mortality than patients in the other trigger teams.