bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International open trial of uniform multidrug therapy regimen for leprosy patients
Authors: Manickam Ponnaiah , Mehendale Sanjay M. , Nagaraju Bathyala , Katoch Kiran , Jamesh Abdul , Kutaiyan Ramalingam , Jianping Shen , Mugudalabetta Shivakumar , Jadhav Vitthal , Rajkumar Prabu , Padma Jayasree , Kaliaperumal Kanagasabai , Pannikar Vijayakumar , Krishnamurthy Padabettu , Gupte Mohan D. 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Uniform therapy for all leprosy patients will simplify leprosy treatment. In this context, we evaluated six-month multidrug therapy (MDT) currently recommended for multibacillary (MB) patients as uniform MDT (U-MDT) in a single-arm open trial under programme conditions. Primary objective was to determine efficacy to prevent five-year cumulative five per cent relapse. Secondary objectives were to assess acceptability, safety and compliance.

Methods:
Newly detected, treatment-naive leprosy patients were enrolled in India (six sites) and P. R. China (two sites). Primary outcome was clinically confirmed relapse of occurrence of one or more new skin patches consistent with leprosy, without evidence of reactions post-treatment. Event rates per 100 person years as well as five-year cumulative risk of relapse, were calculated.

Results:
A total of 2091 paucibacillary (PB) and 1298 MB leprosy patients were recruited from the 3437 patients screened. Among PB, two relapsed (rate=0.023; risk=0.11%), eight had suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (rate=0.79) and rate of new lesions due toreactions was 0.24 (n=23). Rates of neuritis, type 1 and type 2 reactions were 0.39 (n=37), 0.54 (n=51) and 0.03 (n=3), respectively. Among MB, four relapsed (rate=0.07; risk=0.37%) and 16 had suspected ADR (rate=2.64). Rate of new lesions due to reactions among MB was 1.34 (n=76) and rates of neuritis, type 1 and type 2 reactions were 1.37 (n=78), 2.01 (n=114) and 0.49 (n=28), respectively. Compliance to U-MDT was 99 per cent. Skin pigmentation due to clofazimine was of short duration and acceptable.

Interpretation & conclusions:
We observed low relapse, minimal ADR and other adverse clinical events. Clofazimine-related pigmentation was acceptable. Evidence supports introduction of U-MDT in national leprosy programmes. [CTRI No: 2012/ 05/ 002696]
Observation on frequency & clinico-pathological significance of various cytogenetic risk groups in multiple myeloma
Authors: Kadam Amare Pratibha S. , Jain Hemani , Nikalje Shraddha , Sengar Manju , Menon Hari , Inamdar Nitin , Subramanian P. G. , Gujral Sumeet , Shet Tanuja , Epari Sridhar , Nair Reena 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by cytogenetic heterogeneity. In comparison with conventional karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can efficiently detect various genetic changes in non-cycling plasma cells in 50-90 per cent of MM cases. The present study was undertaken in MM patients to evaluate the frequency and clinico-pathological significance of various cytogenetic abnormalities in the Indian population.

Methods:
Interphase FISH was applied on purified plasma cells of 475 patients with MM using specific probes. Interphase FISH for 1q gain/1q amplification was performed on a separate group of 250 newly diagnosed MM patients.

Results:
Low frequency of Δ13 [-13/del(13q)] (32%) and t(11;14) (5%) was observed in our 475 patients probably due to ethnic diversity. Clustering of Δ13, del(17) (p13.1) and IgH translocations in non-hyperdiploidy confirmed prognostic significance of ploidy in MM. t(4;14) and del(17) (p13.1) were high-risk groups due to correlation with high serum β2-microglobulin, increased plasma cells and advanced disease. Hyperdiploidy and t(14;16) were associated with higher age group. In a separate group of 250 patients, 1q amplification [amp(1q)] in combination with Δ13 and/or del(17p) with t(4;14) revealed association with adverse clinico-laboratory features, which confirmed progressive role of amp(1q) with adverse prognostic impact. Amp(1q) was clustered at 1q21 and 1q25 loci.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Based on our findings, it appears that comprehensive analysis of various cytogenetic aberrations by interphase FISH is a powerful strategy being adapted for risk stratification of MM.
Computational prediction of immunodominant antigenic regions & potential protective epitopes for dengue vaccination
Authors: Muthusamy Karthikeyan , Gopinath Krishnasamy , Nandhini Dharmalingam 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Epitope-based vaccines (EVs) are specific, safe and easy to produce. However, vaccine failure has been frequently reported due to variation within epitopic regions. Therefore, development of vaccines based on conserved epitopes may prevent such vaccine failure. This study was undertaken to identify highly conserved antigenic regions in the four dengue serotypes to produce an epitope-based dengue vaccine.

Methods:
Polyprotein sequences of all four dengue serotypes were collected and aligned using MAFFT multiple sequence alignment plugin with Geneious Pro v6.1. Consensus sequences of the polyproteins for all four dengue serotypes were designed and screened against experimentally proven epitopes to predict potential antigenic regions that are conserved among all four dengue serotypes.

Results:
The antigenic region VDRGWGNGCGLFGKG was 100 per cent conserved in the consensus polyprotein sequences of all four dengue serotypes. Fifteen experimentally proven epitopes were identical to the immunodominant antigenic region.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Computationally predicted antigenic regions may be considered for use in the development of EVs for protection against dengue virus. Such vaccines would be expected to provide protection against dengue infections caused by all dengue serotypes because these would contain antigenic regions highly conserved across those serotypes. Therefore, the immunodominant antigenic region (VDRGWGNGCGLFGKG) and 15 potential epitopes may be considered for use in dengue vaccines.
Prevention of phosphine-induced cytotoxicity by nutrients in HepG2 cells
Authors: Rashedinia Marzieh , Jamshidzadeh Akram , Mehrabadi Abbas Rezaiean , Niknahad Hossein 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Phosphides used as an insecticide and rodenticide, produce phosphine (PH3) which causes accidental and intentional poisoning cases and deaths. There is no specific treatment or antidote available for PH3 poisoning. It is suggested that PH3-induced toxicity is associated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion; therefore, in this study the effect of some nutrients was evaluated on PH3 cytotoxicity in a cell culture model.

Methods:
PH3 was generated from reaction of zinc phosphide (10 mM) with water in the closed culture medium of HepG2 cells, and cytotoxicity was measured after one and three hours of incubation. ATP, glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation were also assessed at one or three hours post-incubation. ATP suppliers including dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde and fructose were added to the culture medium 10 min before PH3 generation to prevent or reduce phosphine-induced cytotoxicity.

Results:
Phosphine caused about 30 and 66 per cent cell death at one and three hours of incubation, respectively. ATP content of the cells was depleted to 14.7 per cent of control at one hour of incubation. ATP suppliers were able to prevent cytotoxicity and ATP depletion induced by PH3. Dihydroxyacetone, α-ketoglutarate, fructose and mannitol restored the ATP content of the cells from 14.7 per cent to about 40, 34, 32 and 30 per cent, respectively. Lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion were not significantly induced by zinc phosphide in this study.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results supported the hypothesis that phosphine-induced cytotoxicity was due to decrease of ATP levels. ATP suppliers could prevent its toxicity by generating ATP through glycolysis. α-keto compounds such as dihydroxyacetone and α-ketoglutarate may bind to phosphine and restore mitochondrial respiration.
Risk factors associated with fluoroquinolone-resistant enterococcal urinary tract infections in a tertiary care university hospital in north India
Authors: Banerjee Tuhina , Anupurba Shampa 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Fluoroquinolone resistance in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria has increased with the widespread use of fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Gram-negative bacilli has been widely studied, though staphylococci and enterococci are also notably resistant. Enterococci being the second most common cause of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections (UTIs) fluoroquinolones are often the drug of choice. This study was undertaken to assess the risk factors associated with fluoroquinolone-resistant enterococcal UTI in a tertiary level health facility in north India.

Methods:
A total of 365 patients with UTI caused by enterococci were studied over a period of two years. Patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant and susceptible UTI were considered as cases and controls, respectively. Resistance profile of the isolates against common antibiotics was studied by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. Mechanisms for fluoroquinolone resistance was studied by efflux pump inhibitor activity and multiplex PCR targeting the qnr genes.

Results:
A total of 204 (55.89%) cases and 161 (44.1%) controls were identified. The fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were significantly resistant to ampicillin, high strength aminoglycosides and vancomycin. The majority (78%) of the resistant isolates showed efflux pump activity. Treatment in indoor locations, presence of urinary catheters and pregnancy along with recent exposure to antibiotics especially fluoroquinolones, third generation cephalosporins and piperacillin-tazobactam were identified as independent risk factors.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed that fluoroquinolone resistance in enterococcal UTI was largely associated with indoor usage of antibiotics and use of indwelling devices. Knowledge of risk factors is important to curb this emergence of resistance.
Characterization of cardiac arrest in the emergency department of a Brazilian University Reference Hospital
Authors: Vancini-Campanharo Cássia Regina , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , de Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa , Andrade Marília dos Santos , Lopes Maria Carolina Barbosa Teixeira , Okuno Meiry Fernanda Pinto , Batista Ruth Ester Assayag , Atallah Álvaro Nagib , de Góis Aécio Flávio Teixeira 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
Sudden cardiac arrest (CA) represents one of the greatest challenges for medicine due to the vast number of cases and its social and economic impact. Despite advances in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques, mortality rates have not significantly decreased over decades. This study was undertaken to characterize patients that have suffered CA and to identify factors related to mortality.

Methods:
This prospective study was conducted at Emergency Department of São Paulo Hospital, Brazil. Two hundred and eighty five patients were followed for one year after treatment for CA. The mean age was 66.3±17.2 yr, and they were predominantly male (55.8%) and Caucasian (71.9%). Mortality rate and factors associated with mortality were the primary and secondary outcome measures. Data were collected using an in-hospital Utstein-style report. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine which variables were related to mortality.

Results:
Regarding the characteristics of CPR, 76.5 per cent occurred in hospital, respiratory failure was the most common presumed immediate cause of CA (30.8%) and pulseless electrical activity was the most frequent initial rhythm (58.7%). All attempts at CPR utilized chest compressions and ventilation and the most utilized interventions were epinephrine (97.2%) and intubation (68.5%). Of all patients treated, 95.4 per cent died. Patients with pulseless electrical activity had a higher risk of death than those patients with ventricular fibrillation.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The findings of the study highlighted that the mortality rate among CA patients was high. The variable that best explained mortality was the initial CA rhythm.
Ocular distribution of antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase & its alteration in cataractous lens & diabetic retina
Authors: Bharathidevi Subramaniam Rajesh , Babu Kannadasan Anand , Jain Nishit , Muthukumaran Sivashanmugam , Umashankar Vetrivel , Biswas J. , Angayarkanni Narayanasamy 
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:
The enzyme paraoxonase (PON), an antioxidant enzyme that has both arylesterase and thiolactonase activity, is well studied in cardiovascular diseases. Although a few studies have shown altered PON activity in ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, but the tissue-wise expression of PON in its three gene forms has not been studied. This study was conducted to see the ocular distribution of PON for any altered expression in ocular pathologies such as in cataract and diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the ocular tissues was done for localizing all three forms of the PON in the human donor eyeballs. The PON arylesterase (PON-AREase) and thiolactonase (PON-HCTLase) activities were determined by spectrophotometry in kinetic mode, and the mRNA expression of the PON genes (PON1-3) was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
IHC showed the presence of both PON1 and 2 in all the ocular tissues and PON3 was seen only in retina. The mRNA expression analysis showed that PON2 and PON3 were present in all the tissues, whereas PON1 was seen only in ciliary and retina. Both the PON-AREase and PON-HCTLase activities were detected in all ocular tissues and was in the order of lens>retina>choroid>ciliary body>iris. The expression and activity were studied in cataractous lens and in diabetic retina of the donor eyes. A significant decrease in PON-AREase activity was seen in cataractous lens (P<0.05) but not in diabetic retina, and there was an increase in PON- HCTLase activity (P<0.05) only in diabetic retina. Bioinformatic studies and in vitro experiments indicated that advanced glycation end products (AGE) such as carboxymethyl -lysine might decrease the PON- AREase activity of the PON.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Distribution of PON enzyme and its activity in ocular tissues is reported here. The study revealed maximal PON activity in lens and retina, which are prone to higher oxidative stress. Differential activities of PON were observed in the lens and retinal tissues from cataractous and diabetic patients, respectively.
Study of Molecular Interactions, Optical, and Structural Properties through the Green Synthesis of Selenium Oxide Nanoparticles from Hibiscus sabdarriffal: Biocompatibility for Biophysics
Authors: Bahari Ali , Esmail Saad I. , Alattar Ashraf M. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Recently, the green synthesis process has been utilized to manufacture a large quantity of metal nanocrystallites due to its low cost and the availability of numerous natural resources and the find the activity of bacteria and viruses that in the body of humans.

Aims and Objectives:
In this study, nanocrystallites of selenium oxide were produced utilizing Hibiscus sabdariffa. Researchers have analyzed the antibacterial properties and nanostructure characteristics of selenium oxide nanocrystallites using various techniques methods, such as imaging microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet‒visible spectroscopy (UV‒VIS), transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy.

Results:
According to the results, the films are discovered to have a nanocrystalline structure in a cubic spinel configuration. The crystallites are semispherical in shape and are both uniform and easily distributed. The XRD data were recorded on card number 22-1314, and the 2 θ (hkl) value was 38.351 (311). The UV‒VIS spectrum of the material exhibited a plasmon resonance peak at 272 nm, confirming the presence here of selenium oxide. This study also investigated the response of four distinct strains of pathogenic bacteria to biosynthesized selenium oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The data indicate that the biosynthesized selenium oxide NPs were highly effective against Klebsiella spp. and had the lowest effectiveness against Staphylococcus
aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli.

Conclusions:
The utilization of selenium oxide nanocrystals as antibacterial agents has yielded diverse outcomes, demonstrating their remarkable efficacy in combatting Klebsiella spp.
Analysis of Planning Risk Volume for Heart during Radiotherapy Delivery with Breath-Hold Technique for Carcinoma of Left Breast
Authors: Jain Radhika , Kamal Rose , Semwal Manoj K. , Thaper Deepak , Kanwar Shefali , Saxena Tripti 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to analyze and estimate planning risk volume (PRV) margin for heart in deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH)-based left breast radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty left-sided cancer breast cases treated with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy were included in this retrospective study. Treatment plans were created using the Eclipse treatment planning system from Varian Medical System. The treatment was delivered on TrueBeam linear accelerator (Varian). Onboard cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were generated and image registration between the planning computed tomography images and the CBCT images was performed before treatment delivery. The registration provided the shifts (errors) values in 6° of freedom, namely three translational and three rotational. From the shift values, the systematic and random errors were estimated which were used to estimate PRV margin for the heart after incorporating the rotational errors with the translational errors.

Results:
The systematic error values after incorporating rotational errors with translational errors were 0.13 cm (lateral) and 0.11 cm (cranio caudal [CC] and anterioposterior each), and the random error values were 0.16 cm (lateral) and 0.13 cm (CC and anterioposterior each). Based on these values, the PRV margins for the heart in all three directions were 0.24 cm (lateral), 0.20 cm (CC), and 0.19 cm (anterioposterior).

Conclusion:
As per our institutional practice, the 2 mm value for PRV margin for the heart in all the three directions would suffice for appropriate sparing of the heart during DIBH-based radiation therapy.
Formation of yield and seed quality of soybean varieties depending on the nutrition area in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Lemeshyk A. V. , Novytska N. V. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose. To determine the influence of the row width, row spacing and the seeding rate of soybean varieties on their productivity and quality.
Methods. The research was carried out in 2021–2023 in the stationary crop rotation of the Plant Breeding Department in the fields of the Agronomic Research Station of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (Pshenychne, Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region). Scheme of the experiment: factor A – sowing method: ordinary row with a row spacing of 19 cm; strip with a row spacing of 19 + 38 + 19 cm; wide-row with a row spacing of 38 cm; factor B – seeding rate: 450, 600 and 750 thousand seeds/ha.
Results. The highest yield of seeds of the variety ‘Sirelia’, and in general the highest in the experiment, was obtained at a planting design of 19 cm + 38 cm + 19 cm and the seeding rate of 750,000 seeds/ha – 2.92 t/ha. In the ‘Saidina’ variety, the maximum productivity (2.82 t/ha) was recorded at a planting design of 19 cm + 38 cm + 19 cm and the seeding rate of 450,000 seeds/ha. In fact, it is the only soybean variety in the experiment that provided a high level of productivity at low seeding rates. As for the ‘Vyshyvanka’ variety, it was generally effective for it from the biological point of yield potential realization, a planting design was 19 cm + 38 cm + 19 cm and seeding rate of 600,000 seeds/ha – 2.74 t/ha. In the variety ‘Zhaklin’, the best yield indicators were obtained at a planting design of 19 cm x 38 cm x 19 cm and seeding rate of 750,000 seeds/ha – 2.72 t/ha. However, a seeding design of 19 cm x 19 cm x 19 cm and the seeding rate of 750,000 seeds/ha – 2.70 t/ha remained relevant for this variety. The highest contents of protein and fat in the seeds of all studied varieties were obtained under the condition of growing plants at a planting design of 38 cm + 38 cm + 38 cm and seeding rate of 450 thousand seeds/ha: in ‘Sirelia’ 38.2 and 24, 1%, in ‘Saidina’ 42.6 and 20.9%, in ‘Vyshyvanka’ 39.1 and 22.6%, and in ‘Zhaklin’ 38.9 and 22.9%, respectively.
Conclusions. The features of yield formation and quality indicators of soybean varieties determined in the research can be used for optimization of the crop cultivation technology in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine.
Yield of quinoa (Chenopōdium quīnoa Willd.) under the effect of cold stratification of seeds
Authors: Kalenska S. M. , Novytska N. V. , Martynov O. M. , Melnychenko V. V. , Chubko O. P. , Yelizarov D. S. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose. To identify the effect of cold stratification of seeds on the growth, development and yield formation of quinoa.
Methods. The research was carried out in 2022–2023 in the Demonstration and Collection Field of Crops of the Plant Breeding Department of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv) and in two laboratories of the Plant Breeding Department: Seed and Planting Material and Analytical Research in Crop Production. Design of the experiment: 1) control seeds (CS); 2) stratified seed (SS) after 7-day exposure to low (0−4 °С) temperatures in the refrigerator. The plot area in the small-scale experiment was 2 m2 and replication was six times.
Results. Stratified seeds of the ‘Kvartet’ variety germinated faster than the control seeds: they sprouted on the 5th day after sowing. Phenological stages of flowering and maturation in quinoa plants grown from seeds after cold stratification lasted longer compared to plants in control plots. Cold stratification of seeds contributed to a longer growing season and an increase in plant height to 116.3 cm. Prolonged explosion of quinoa seeds to low temperatures (0−4 °C) contributed to an increase in panicle length by 3.2 %, the number of branches on a panicle by 8%, the mass of seeds from one plant by 2.3%, and 1000-kernel weight by 3.9%. The crop yield reached 1.86 t/ha.
Conclusions. Cold stratification of quinoa seeds before sowing helps to accelerate germination and germination rate: field germination increases by 5%, seedlings appear 4 days earlier, and the growing season is extended. Prolonged explosion of quinoa seeds to low temperatures (0−4 °C) in refrigerator helps to increase the indicators of individual productivity of plants and increases crop yield by 2.8%.
Развитие цифровых экосистем России на основании совмещения продуктового и проектного подходов к управлению
Authors: Гридчина А.В. , Бабичев Д.Р. 
Published: December 2024

В статье проведен анализ современных цифровых экосистем в России через призму продуктового и проектного подходов к управлению. Исследуются ключевые подходы к управлению, эволюция развития от продуктов к экосистемам. Обсуждаются тренды, достижения и трудности, с которыми сталкиваются российские компании в процессе масштабирования своих экосистем и создания уникальных моделей управления, поддержания и роста экосистем.
This work presents an analysis of contemporary digital ecosystems in Russia through the lens of product and project management approaches. It explores key management strategies, the evolution from products to ecosystems, and discusses the trends, achievements, and challenges faced by Russian companies in the process of scaling their ecosystems and creating unique models for sustaining and growing these ecosystems.