bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel optical properties and induced magnetic moments in Ru-doped hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca3Ti2O7
Authors: Wu Xingxing , Wang Shouyu , Wong-Ng Winnie , Gu Qiang , Jiang Yao , Wang Chao , Ma Shuang , Liu Weifang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHybrid improper ferroelectric Ca3Ti2O7and Ca3Ti19Ru0.1O7ceramics were successfully synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. Two strongest diffraction peaks located around 2θ= 33° shifted towards the lower angle region with Ru substitution, reflecting structure variation. Grain growth and higher oxygen vacancy concentration after doping resulted in a reduction in the coercive field about 20 kV/cm. Optical bandgap estimated by UV-vis diffuse reflectance (DR) spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) valence band spectra showed a decreasing trend due to the existence of impurity energy level upon Ru doping, which was consistent with the results of first-principles calculations. The origin of the unexpected induced magnetic moments in Ru-dope Ca3Ti2O7is also discussed.
Structure and tribocorrosion behavior of CrMoSiCN nanocomposite coating with low C content in artificial seawater
Authors: Fu Yongqiang , Zhou Fei , Zhang Maoda , Wang Qianzhi , Zhou Zhifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCrMoSiCN nanocomposite coatings with a low C content were prepared on Ti-6Al-4V using an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system, and their corresponding microstructures, mechanical properties, and tribocorrosion performance were evaluated in detail. The results revealed that the CrMoSiCN coating had a compact nanocomposite microstructure consisting of CrN and Mo2N nanocrystallites, (Cr, Mo)N solid solution, and Si-C-N amorphous phases. Moreover, the coating exhibited superior mechanical properties with a hardness of 28.6 GPa and an elastic modulus of 273 GPa, owing to the solid solution strengthening effect. The tribocorrosion test results showed that the dominant failure of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was caused by the corrosion contribution to wear behaviors (synergistic effect). The CrMoSiCN nanocomposite coating could effectively alleviate the material loss caused by the synergistic effect of corrosion and wear behaviors, leading to pure wear behaviors during the entire tribocorrosion process. The corresponding tribocorrosion mechanisms under the open circuit potential and dynamic polarization conditions were discussed in terms of their tribocorrosion behaviors.
A review on tribology of polymer composite coatings
Authors: Ren Yilong , Zhang Lin , Xie Guoxin , Li Zhanbo , Chen Hao , Gong Hanjun , Xu Wenhu , Guo Dan , Luo Jianbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelf-lubricating polymer composite coatings, with tailorable tribological and mechanical properties, have been widely employed on mechanical parts to reduce friction and wear, which saves energy and improves the overall performance for applications such as aerospace satellite parts, shafts, gears, and bushings. The addition of functional fillers can overcome the limitations of single-polymer coatings and extend the service life of the coatings by providing a combination of low friction, high wear resistance, high load bearing, high temperature resistance, and high adhesion. This paper compares the heat resistance, and the tribological and mechanical properties of common polymer matrices, as well as the categories of functional fillers that improve the coating performance. Applicable scopes, process parameters, advantages, and limitations of the preparation methods of polymer coatings are discussed in detail. The tribological properties of the composite coatings with different matrices and fillers are compared, and the lubrication mechanisms are analyzed. Fillers reduce friction by promoting the formation of transfer films or liquid shear films. Improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite coatings with fillers of different morphologies is described in terms of strengthening and toughening mechanisms, including a stress transfer mechanism, shear yielding, crack bridging, and interfacial debonding. The test and enhancement methods for the adhesion properties between the coating and substrate are discussed. The coating adhesion can be enhanced through mechanical treatment, chemical treatment, and energy treatment of the substrate. Finally, we propose the design strategies for high-performance polymer composite coating systems adapted to specific operating conditions, and the limitations of current polymer composite coating research are identified.
A stochastic design optimization methodology to reduce emission spread in combustion engines
Authors: Mourat Kadir , Eckstein Carola , Koch Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces a method for efficiently solving stochastic optimization problems in the field of engine calibration. The main objective is to make more conscious decisions during the base engine calibration process by considering the system uncertainty due to component tolerances and thus enabling more robust design, low emissions, and avoiding expensive recalibration steps that generate costs and possibly postpone the start of production. The main idea behind the approach is to optimize the design parameters of the engine control unit (ECU) that are subject to uncertainty by considering the resulting output uncertainty. The premise is that a model of the system under study exists, which can be evaluated cheaply, and the system tolerance is known. Furthermore, it is essential that the stochastic optimization problem can be formulated such that the objective function and the constraint functions can be expressed using proper metrics such as the value at risk (VaR). The main idea is to derive analytically closed formulations for the VaR, which are cheap to evaluate and thus reduce the computational effort of evaluating the objective and constraints. The VaR is therefore learned as a function of the input parameters of the initial model using a supervised learning algorithm. For this work, we employ Gaussian process regression models. To illustrate the benefits of the approach, it is applied to a representative engine calibration problem. The results show a significant improvement in emissions compared to the deterministic setting, where the optimization problem is constructed using safety coefficients. We also show that the computation time is comparable to the deterministic setting and is orders of magnitude less than solving the problem using the Monte-Carlo or quasi-Monte-Carlo method.
Enabling Violations: Social Class and Sexual Identity in Didier Eribon’s “Returning to Reims”
Authors: Rieger-Ladich Markus , Wortmann Kai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper we explore what we can learn from Didier Eribon’s “Returning to Reims” regarding childhood vulnerability. We argue that the book offers a stimulating perspective on discrimination, humiliation, and injury. Although Eribon is twofold vulnerable due to his class and his sexual identity, his pain and shame does not make him defenceless. It makes him the subject he is: the wound caused by a violent heteronormative order. Therefore, becoming object of violations should not necessarily be conceptualised as the opposite to gaining agency but under certain circumstances can provoke resistance and rebellion. These interpretations are framed by theories of vulnerability mainly drawing on Judith Butler and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak as well as some thoughts about the new genre of “autosociobiographies” to which “Returning to Reims” belongs.
Mangroves as a Source of Greenhouse Gases to the Atmosphere and Alkalinity and Dissolved Carbon to the Coastal Ocean: A Case Study From the Everglades National Park, Florida
Authors: Reithmaier Gloria M. S. , Ho David T. , Johnston Scott G. , Maher Damien T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost research evaluating the potential of mangroves as a sink for atmospheric carbon has focused on carbon burial in sediments. However, the few studies that have quantified lateral exchange of carbon and alkalinity indicate that the dissolved carbon and alkalinity export may be several‐fold more important than burial. This study aims to investigate rates and drivers of alkalinity, dissolved carbon, and greenhouse gas fluxes of the mangrove‐dominated Shark River estuary located in the Everglades National Park in Florida, USA. Spatial surveys and 29‐hr time series were conducted to assess total alkalinity (TAlk), organic alkalinity (OAlk), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) dynamics. Dissolved carbon and greenhouse gas concentrations were coupled to porewater input, which was examined using radon‐222. Shark River was a source of CO2 (92 mmol/m2/day), CH4 (56 μmol/m2/day), and N2O (2 μmol/m2/day) to the atmosphere. Dissolved carbon export (DIC = 142 mmol/m2/day, DOC = 39 mmol/m2/day, normalized to mangrove area) was several‐fold higher than previously reported carbon burial rates in the study area (~28 mmol/m2/day). The majority of the DIC was exported as TAlk (97 mmol/m2/day), which remains dissolved in the ocean for millennia and, therefore, represents a long‐term sink for atmospheric carbon. By integrating our results with previous studies, we argue that alkalinity, dissolved carbon, and greenhouse gas fluxes should be considered in future blue carbon budgets.
Profiles of registrant dentists and policy directions from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Davda Latha S. , Radford David R. , Scambler Sasha , Gallagher Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The National Health Service’s reliance on overseas doctors and nurses, unlike dentists, has been widely reported. As the United Kingdom (UK) leaves the European Union, an understanding of the migration trends and possible influences are important to inform future planning.

Aim
To examine trends in the profile of UK registered dentists in the context of key events and policy changes from 2000 to 2020.

Method
Data were obtained from the General Dental Council via annual reports, and under ‘freedom of information’ communications; details of policy initiatives were obtained from the government and professional websites.

Results
Over a 20-year period (2000–2019), the number of registered dentists increased from 31,325 to 42,469, a net increase of 36% (11,144 dentists), the majority of whom were international graduates (58%; n = 6,416) such that by December 2019, 28% of all registered dentists had qualified outside of the UK. Similarly, regarding new registrants, there were increases of graduates from UK (18%), EEA countries (214%) and, via the Overseas Registration Examination route (621%); and a decrease from countries with bilateral agreements for recognition (43%), in line with changes in health and immigration policies.

Conclusions
International dental graduates increasingly contribute to the UK dental workforce and there is an urgent need for research into dentist migration and retention in the UK in support of patient access to dental care.

Impact

The United Kingdom (UK) dental workforce is increasingly reliant on international dental graduates representing 28% of current registrants compared with 18% in 2000.

Health policies and immigration policies were the main drivers that influenced dental workforce migration to the UK along with wider events, such as EU expansions, global recession and Brexit.

Pre-existing lack of research into dental workforce could add to the uncertainties of post COVID-19 oral health care access and delivery.
Biogeography based optimization strategy for UPQC PI tuning on full order adaptive observer based control
Authors: Alam Sayed Javed , Arya Sabha Raj , Jana Ranjan Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdaptive full order observer based control algorithm for unified power quality conditioner is presented. The full order adaptive observer based algorithm is capable of estimating fundamental positive sequence components parameters, including frequency, amplitude, and phase form power supply systems. Due to its adaptive response, monitoring accuracy, and faster detection of fundamental positive sequence components under all different loads and grid conditions, it is used for power quality improvement. In addition to full order adaptive observer based control algorithm, a biogeography‐based optimization method is employed here for tuning the Kp and Ki gains of a proportional integral controller on unified power quality conditioner system. The proposed method minimizes the dc‐link voltage oscillations and enhances its step response by optimally tuning the proportional integral controller. This is done by reducing the objective function of the integral time absolute error for different power quality perturbations. The numerical values obtained by biogeography based optimization are selected as proportional integral gains and it also improves the controller's performance. The full order adaptive observer control integrated with biogeography based optimization algorithm is tested interface with MATLAB/Simulink on developed unified power quality conditioner under different power quality problems at different intervals. The performance results demonstrate the quick convergence rate with effective performance.
A population of hypercompact H II regions identified from young H II regions
Authors: Yang A. Y. , Urquhart J. S. , Thompson M. A. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Brunthaler A. , Tian W. W. , Rugel M. , Yang X. L. , Yao S. , Mutale M. 
Published: November 2020

Context. The derived physical parameters for young H II regions are normally determined assuming the emission region to be optically thin. However, this assumption is unlikely to hold for young H II regions such as hyper-compact H II (HC H II) and ultra-compact H II (UC H II) regions and leads to underestimation of their properties. This can be overcome by fitting the SEDs over a wide range of radio frequencies.
Aims. The two primary goals of this study are (1) to determine the physical properties of young H II regions from radio SEDs in the search for potential HC H II regions, and (2) to use these physical properties to investigate their evolution.
Methods. We used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to observe the X-band and K-band with angular resolutions of ~1.7′′ and ~0.7′′, respectively, toward 114 H II regions with rising-spectra (α1.4 GHz5 GHz>0). We complement our observations with VLA archival data and construct SEDs in the range of 1−26 GHz and model them assuming an ionization-bounded H II region with uniform density.
Results. Our sample has a mean electron density of ne = 1.6 × 104 cm−3, diameter diam = 0.14 pc, and emission measure EM = 1.9 × 107 pc cm−6. We identify 16 HC H II region candidates and 8 intermediate objects between the classes of HC H II and UC H II regions. The ne, diam, and EM change, as expected, but the Lyman continuum flux is relatively constant over time. We find that about 67% of Lyman-continuum photons are absorbed by dust within these H II regions and the dust absorption fraction tends to be more significant for more compact and younger H II regions.
Conclusions. Young H II regions are commonly located in dusty clumps; HC H II regions and intermediate objects are often associated with various masers, outflows, broad radio recombination lines, and extended green objects, and the accretion at the two stages tends to be quickly reduced or halted.
Utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy in the diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Oppong Kofi W. , Maheshwari Pardeep , Nayar Manu K. , Darne Antony , Parkinson Daniel , Leeds John S. , Haugk Beate 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) performs poorly in the histological diagnosis of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). The aim of this study was to assess the performance of fine-needle biopsy (FNB) comparing reverse bevel (RB) and fork-tip (FT) needles.
Patients and methods A retrospective study of prospectively maintained databases was performed. Patients with a final diagnosis of type 1 AIP who underwent EUS-FNB during diagnostic workup were included. Pathology reports were reviewed and classified as per international consensus diagnostic criteria (ICDC). The Primary outcome was EUS-FNB sensitivity in diagnosing type 1 AIP.
Results Between March 2011 and December 2018, 24 patients with a final diagnosis of type 1 AIP underwent FNB. Six patients underwent biopsy with the RB needle and 18 with the FT needle. Mean age (± SD) 62.2 (± 11.4), 17 (70.8 %) male. No RB samples were diagnostic compared to 14 (78 %) FT; P = 0.001; of which 13 (72 %) were level 1. In eight (44 %) of FT cases a diagnosis was not possible without histology. Initial biopsy was diagnostic in five (62.5 %) of these cases. Including repeat biopsy, seven (87 %) had a diagnosis made by FT needle. Obliterative phlebitis (44 %) was the least frequently identified pathological feature and immunoglobulin (IgG)4 + plasma cells > 10 per high power field (78 %) the most common.
Conclusion The FT needle demonstrated good performance for diagnosing type 1 AIP. The results support the preferential use of this core biopsy needle for EUS pancreatic tissue sampling.
Kurzfragebogen zur Sozialen Unterstützung bei chronischen Erkrankungen (SUCE-4)
Authors: Bäcker Anna , Schneider Nico , Strauß Bernhard , Altmann Uwe 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Soziale Unterstützung ist bei schweren chronischen Erkrankungen wie z. B. Krebs eine wichtige Ressource zur Krankheitsbewältigung. Die verfügbaren Fragebögen zur Erfassung der sozialen Unterstützung sind meist recht umfangreich. Bisher vorliegende Kurzformen zielen inhaltlich nicht vollständig auf die situationsspezifischen Anforderungen an das soziale Umfeld ab. Deshalb wurde eine Kurzform zur Messung der wahrgenommenen sozialen Unterstützung bestehend aus 4 Items entwickelt: der SUCE-4.
Methoden Es wurde eine Stichprobe von Krebspatienten (N=424) zu 2 Messzeitpunkten betrachtet. Die Faktorenstruktur wurde mit einer explorativen und einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse (CFA) evaluiert und Reliabilität und Validität wurden geprüft.
Ergebnisse Die angenommene Faktorenstruktur wurde bestätigt (bei der CFA: RMSEA=0,028). Die Kurzform hatte eine gute interne Konsistenz (Cronbachs α>0,86). Im Sinne erster Hinweise auf Validität fanden sich zu beiden Zeitpunkten signifikante erwartungskonforme Zusammenhänge mit psychischer Lebensqualität, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, Depressivität und Ängsten.
Schlussfolgerung Der SUCE-4 ist ein ökonomisches, reliables und valides Instrument zur Erfassung wahrgenommener sozialer Unterstützung im Kontext schwerer chronischer Erkrankungen wie z. B. Krebs.
Therapie der Hypophosphatasie
Authors: Seefried Lothar , Genest Franca , Kornak Uwe , Semler Oliver , Barvencik Florian , Hofmann Christine 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Hypophosphatasie (HPP) als Folge einer genetisch bedingt defizienten Aktivität der gewebeunspezifischen alkalischen Phosphatase (TNAP) ist geprägt durch ein ausgesprochen weites Spektrum möglicher Manifestationen, sowohl hinsichtlich der Art der Symptomatik als auch bzgl. des Schweregrades der assoziierten Einschränkungen. Eine adäquate Behandlung erfordert insofern immer auch eine multimodale Herangehensweise unter spezieller Berücksichtigung der individuellen Ausprägung der Erkrankung.Für Patienten, bei denen die Erkrankung im Kindesalter aufgetreten ist, steht in Europa zur Behandlung der Knochenmanifestation mit Asfotase alfa (Strensiq) eine Enzymersatztherapie zur Verfügung. Sowohl in den Zulassungsstudien als auch in der klinischen Anwendung zeigen sich bei schwer betroffenen Kindern prinzipiell sehr erfreuliche radiologische und funktionelle Verbesserungen und ein verbessertes Gesamtüberleben. Auch bei Erwachsenen mit zulassungsentsprechender Krankheitsausprägung zeigen erste Ergebnisse eine deutliche Verbesserung der krankheitsassoziierten Einschränkungen und funktionelle Verbesserungen. Inzwischen gibt es auch ermutigende Daten zur Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit von Asfotase alfa über mehrere Behandlungsjahre.Während die oftmals als stark belastend empfundenen entzündlichen Schmerzen häufig gut auf eine intermittierende, bedarfsangepasste Behandlung mit NSAR ansprechen, sind im Hinblick auf die muskuloskelettale Gesamtgesundheit nachhaltige, langfristig ausgerichtete supportive Maßnahmen mit spezifischen Trainingskonzepten und einer alters- und bedarfsgerechten orthopädietechnischen Versorgung zu empfehlen. Das Potenzial diätetischer Maßnahmen zur Beeinflussung des Phosphat- und Vitamin-B6-Stoffwechsels bedarf sicher noch weiterer Untersuchungen. Bezüglich spezifisch knochenwirksamer Strategien sind primär antiresorptive Substanzen nach aktueller Datenlage kritisch zu betrachten, wohingegen osteoanabole Konzepte grundsätzlich möglich erscheinen.Sinnvollerweise sollte die Gesamtheit aller therapeutischen Maßnahmen an einem Zentrum mit entsprechender Erfahrung koordiniert und überblickt werden, wobei ein Großteil der konkreten Maßnahmen im aktiven Austausch auch heimatnah umgesetzt werden kann.
Störungsübergreifende Fragebogendiagnostik in der Psychotherapie: Ein Vergleich des Brief Symptom Inventorys und des ICD-10 Symptom Rating
Authors: Bolbeth Annika , Ziegler Matthias , Fehm Lydia 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie vergleicht in einer naturalistischen Stichprobe aus 507 ambulanten Psychotherapiepatienten ausgewählte psychometrische Eigenschaften zweier störungsübergreifender Fragebögen: des Brief Symptom Inventory 7 und des ICD-10 Symptom Rating 8. Die Reliabilität von Gesamt- und Subskalenmittelwerten wurde anhand der internen Konsistenzkoeffizienten Cronbachs α und McDonalds ω geschätzt. Messpräzision wurde mittels des Unsicherheitsbereichs operationalisiert. Zur Unterstützung der Validität der Interpretation der Gesamtmittelwerte als Maß für psychische Belastung wurden die Korrelationen mit inhaltsnahen und inhaltsfernen Maßen bestimmt. Die Validität der Skalenstruktur wurde über konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen geprüft. Bezüglich der Reliabilitätsschätzungen weist der ISR eine zum BSI vergleichbare interne Konsistenz und Messpräzision auf. Konvergente und diskriminante Validität sind ähnlich gut. Das ISR zeigt eine sehr gute faktorielle Validität, während die des BSI als ungenügend beurteilt wird. Von der störungsspezifischen Interpretation der Subskalen des Brief Symptom Inventory muss aufgrund der unklaren Faktorstruktur abgeraten werden. Insgesamt scheint das ISR als Maß für die generelle Symptombelastung eine gute Alternative zum BSI zu sein, da es ähnlich reliabel und messpräzise ist, aber hinsichtlich der Validität bessere Kennwerte aufweist und zeiteffizienter ist.