bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of fetal MRI for renal and urogenital tract anomalies
Authors: Chalouhi Gihad E. , Millischer Anne‐Élodie , Mahallati Houman , Siauve Nathalie , Melbourne Andrew , Grevent David , Vinit Nicolas , Heidet Laurence , Aigrain Yves , Ville Yves , Blanc Thomas , Salomon Laurent J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFetal anomalies are detected in approximately 2% of all fetuses and, among these, genitourinary tract abnormalities account for 30% to 50% of all structural anomalies present at birth. Although ultrasound remains the first line diagnostic modality, fetal MRI provides important additional structural and functional information, especially with the development of faster sequences and the use of functional sequences. The added value of MRI‐based imaging is three‐fold: (a) improvement of diagnostic accuracy by adequate morphological examination, (b) detection of additional anomalies, and (c) in addition, MRI has the potential to provide information regarding renal function. In this review, we describe the role of fetal MRI in the anatomical evaluation of renal and urogenital tract anomalies, and we also touch upon the contribution of functional MRI to the diagnostic workup of these conditions.
Identifying monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance in electronic health data
Authors: Epstein Mara Meyer , Saphirak Cassandra , Zhou Yanhua , LeBlanc Candace , Rosmarin Alan G. , Ash Arlene , Singh Sonal , Fisher Kimberly , Birmann Brenda M. , Gurwitz Jerry H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeMonoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a prevalent yet largely asymptomatic precursor to multiple myeloma. Patients with MGUS must undergo regular surveillance and testing, with few known predictors of progression. We developed an algorithm to identify MGUS patients in electronic health data to facilitate large‐scale, population‐based studies of this premalignant condition.MethodsWe developed a four‐step algorithm using electronic health record and health claims data from men and women aged 50 years or older receiving care from a large, multispecialty medical group between 2007 and 2015. The case definition required patients to have at least two MGUS ICD‐9 diagnosis codes within 12 months, at least one serum and/or urine protein electrophoresis and one immunofixation test, and at least one in‐office hematology/oncology visit. Medical charts for selected cases were abstracted then adjudicated independently by two physicians. We assessed algorithm validity by positive predictive value (PPV).ResultsWe identified 833 people with at least two MGUS diagnosis codes; 429 (52%) met all four algorithm criteria. We randomly selected 252 charts for review, including 206 from patients meeting all four algorithm criteria. The PPV for the 206 algorithm‐identified charts was 76% (95% CI, 70%‐82%). Among the 49 cases deemed to be false positives (24%), 33 were judged to have multiple myeloma or another lymphoproliferative condition, such as lymphoma.ConclusionsWe developed a simple algorithm that identified MGUS cases in electronic health data with reasonable accuracy. Inclusion of additional steps to eliminate cases with malignant disease may improve algorithm performance.
Usability of encounter data for Medicaid comprehensive managed care vs traditional Medicaid fee‐for‐service claims among pregnant women
Authors: Choi Yoonyoung , Park Haesuk , Hampp Christian , Brumback Babette , Meissner H. Cody , Li Yan , Roussos‐Ross Dikea , Zhu Yanmin , Henriksen Carl , Winterstein Almut G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe completeness of medical encounters capture among Medicaid enrollees in comprehensive managed care (CMC) has been shown to vary across states and years. CMC penetration has grown, and CMC encounter capture specific to pregnancy care is understudied.ObjectivesTo compare the completeness of encounter data for pregnant beneficiaries in CMC versus traditional fee‐for‐service (FFS) in Texas and Florida between 2007 and 2010.MethodsUsing Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) data linked to Florida and Texas birth certificate records, for each state and study year, we compared proportions using seven themes: (a) delivery; (b) prenatal visits; (c) dispensed prescriptions during pregnancy; (d) gestational diabetes and blood glucose testing; (e) antidiabetics and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; (f) antibiotics for urinary tract infection and outpatient encounter; and (g) bacterial vaginosis and dispensing for metronidazole or clindamycin. We considered CMC data to be acceptable if proportions were no less than 10% below the corresponding (2007 to 2010) FFS control values.ResultsPregnancy‐related characteristics of FFS vs CMC denominators were comparable. Proportions for the seven measures among FFS controls ranged from 26% to 98%. In Texas, CMC encounter data met the thresholds for all measures between 2007 and 2010. Florida had usable CMC encounter data starting from 2009 with incomplete medical and pharmacy records in 2007 and 2008.ConclusionsThe quality of CMC encounter data in MAX files for pregnant women varied in Florida and Texas and improved over time. Use of pregnancy‐specific measures can aid researchers in selecting states and years with acceptable encounter data quality.
III‐V//Si multijunction solar cells with 30% efficiency using smart stack technology with Pd nanoparticle array
Authors: Makita Kikuo , Mizuno Hidenori , Tayagaki Takeshi , Aihara Taketo , Oshima Ryuji , Shoji Yasushi , Sai Hitoshi , Takato Hidetaka , Müller Ralph , Beutel Paul , Lackner David , Benick Jan , Hermle Martin , Dimroth Frank , Sugaya Takeyoshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultijunction (MJ) solar cells achieve very high efficiencies by effectively utilizing the entire solar spectrum. Previously, we constructed a III‐V//Si MJ solar cell using the smart stack technology, a unique mechanical stacking technology with Pd nanoparticle array. In this study, we fabricated an InGaP/AlGaAs//Si three‐junction solar cell with an efficiency of 30.8% under AM 1.5G solar spectrum illumination. This efficiency is considerably higher than our previous result (25.1%). The superior performance was achieved by optimizing the structure of the upper GaAs‐based cell and employing a tunnel oxide passivated contact Si cell. Furthermore, we examined the low solar concentration performance of the device and obtained a maximum efficiency of 32.6% at 5.5 suns. This performance is sufficient for realistic low concentration photovoltaic applications (below 10 suns). In addition, we characterize the reliability of the InGaP/AlGaAs//Si three‐junction solar cell with a damp heat test (85 °C and 85% humidity for 1000 h). It was confirmed that our solar cells have high long‐term stability under severe conditions. The results demonstrate the potential of GaAs//Si MJ solar cells as next‐generation photovoltaic cells and the effectiveness of smart stack technology in fabricating multijunction cells.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Vs Autologous Blood Vs Corticosteroid Injections in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Systematic Review, Pairwise and Network Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tang Siqi , Wang Xiaoshuai , Wu Peihui , Wu Peiqi , Yang Jiaming , Du Zefeng , Liu Shaoyu , Wei Fuxin 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), autologous blood (AB), and corticosteroid injections in patients with lateral epicondylitis.Type of StudyNetwork meta‐analysis.Literature SurveyRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared any two forms of injections among PRP, AB, and corticosteroid for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis were searched from inception to 30 November 2018, on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library.MethodologyTwo researchers independently selected and assessed the quality of RCTs with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. All relevant data from the included studies were extracted and heterogeneity was checked by Cochran's Q test and inconsistency statistic (I2). Publication bias was evaluated by constructing contour‐enhanced funnel plots. Stata 15 software was applied for pairwise meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis. To explore the efficacy between different follow‐up periods, we considered the duration within 2 months to be short term, whereas 2 months or more was considered long term.SynthesisTwenty RCTs (n = 1271) were included in this network meta‐analysis. According to ranking probabilities, corticosteroid ranked first for visual analog score (VAS) (surface under the cumulative ranking [SUCRA] = 90.7), modified Nirschl score (82.9), maximum grip strength (69.5), modified Mayo score (MMS) (77.9), and Patient‐Related Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) score (93.3) for the short‐term period. For the long‐term period, PRP ranked first for VAS (94.3), pressure pain threshold (99.8), Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score (75.2), MMS (88.2), and the PRTEE score (81.8).ConclusionPRP was associated with more improvement in pain intensity and function in the long term than were the comparators. However, in the short term, corticosteroids were associated with the most improvement.
Relationship Between Fear of Falling and Physical Activity in People Aging With a Disability
Authors: Matsuda Patricia N. , Eagen Thomas , Hreha Kimberly P. , Finlayson Marcia L. , Molton Ivan R. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundAn estimated one billion people worldwide live with some form of disability and may face many challenges as they age, including increased fall risk. Understanding the risk factors linking falls, fear of falling, and activity restriction is critical for developing effective programs to increase activity levels among persons with disabilities.ObjectivesTo determine if differences exist in the level of physical activity in people with different types of conditions associated with disability and to investigate if fear of falling is associated with physical activity in individuals who are aging with a long‐term disability.DesignCross‐sectional retrospective design.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 1812 community‐dwelling individuals who had one of four diagnoses: multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy (MD), spinal cord injury (SCI), or post‐polio syndrome (PPS).MethodsDescriptive statistics, chi‐square, and analysis of variance, followed by multivariate linear regression analysis were used to examine the association between physical activity status and fear of falling.Main Outcome MeasurementsPhysical activity volume and fear of falling.ResultsAfter controlling for age, sex, duration of disability, and mobility level, there was variation across diagnostic groups (P < .001). People with SCI reported greater physical activity (M = 25.19) compared to other groups (MS: M = 18.70; MD: M = 21.83; PPS: M = 15.47). Patients with PPS had the greatest concerns about falling (M = 16.08), and patients with MS had the lowest (M = 13.12). Fear of falling was associated with physical activity (P < .001), which remained significant after controlling for diagnosis type, falls history, and level of mobility.ConclusionLevel of physical activity appears to vary among disability diagnoses. These results highlight the importance of addressing fear of falling in people with long‐term disability because fear of falling is associated with physical activity.
Effect of surface modification of colloidal silica nanoparticles on the rigid amorphous fraction and mechanical properties of amorphous polyurethane–urea–silica nanocomposites
Authors: Oguz Oguzhan , Candau Nicolas , Bernhard Stéphane H. F. , Kosak Soz Cagla , Heinz Ozge , Stochlet Grégory , Plummer Christopher J. G. , Yilgor Emel , Yilgor Iskender , Menceloglu Yusuf Z. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTColloidal silica nanoparticles (NPs) modified with eight different silane coupling agents were incorporated into an amorphous poly(tetramethylene oxide)‐based polyurethane–urea copolymer matrix at a concentration of 10 wt % (4.4 vol %) in order to investigate the effect of their surface chemistry on the structure–property behavior of the resulting nanocomposites. The rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) of the nanocomposite matrix as determined by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis was confirmed to vary significantly with the surface chemistry of the NPs and to be strongly correlated with the bulk mechanical properties in simple tension. Hence, nanocomposites with an RAF of about 30 wt % showed a 120% increase in Young's modulus, a 25% increase in tensile strength, a 15% decrease in elongation at break with respect to the neat matrix, which had no detectable RAF, whereas nanocomposites with an RAF of less than 5% showed a 60% increase in Young's modulus, a 10% increase in tensile strength and a 5% decrease in the elongation at break. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2543–2556
Challenge and Solution of Characterizing Glass Transition Temperature for Conjugated Polymers by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Qian Zhiyuan , Galuska Luke , McNutt William W. , Ocheje Michael U. , He Youjun , Cao Zhiqiang , Zhang Song , Xu Jie , Hong Kunlun , Goodman Renée B. , Rondeau‐Gagné Simon , Mei Jianguo , Gu Xiaodan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThermomechanical properties of polymers highly depend on their glass transition temperature (T
g). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is commonly used to measure T
g of polymers. However, many conjugated polymers (CPs), especially donor–acceptor CPs (D–A CPs), do not show a clear glass transition when measured by conventional DSC using simple heat and cool scan. In this work, we discuss the origin of the difficulty for measuring T
g in such type of polymers. The changes in specific heat capacity (Δc
p) at T
g were accurately probed for a series of CPs by DSC. The results showed a significant decrease in Δc
p from flexible polymer (0.28 J g−1 K−1 for polystyrene) to rigid CPs (10−3 J g−1 K−1 for a naphthalene diimide‐based D–A CP). When a conjugation breaker unit (flexible unit) is added to the D–A CPs, we observed restoration of the Δc
p at T
g by a factor of 10, confirming that backbone rigidity reduces the Δc
p. Additionally, an increase in the crystalline fraction of the CPs further reduces Δc
p. We conclude that the difficulties of determining T
g for CPs using DSC are mainly due to rigid backbone and semicrystalline nature. We also demonstrate that physical aging can be used on DSC to help locate and confirm the glass transition for D‐A CPs with weak transition signals. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1635–1644
Directional Self‐Assembly of Fluorinated Star Block Polymer Thin Films Using Mixed Solvent Vapor Annealing
Authors: Sung Seung Hyun , Farnham William B. , Burch Heidi E. , Brun Yefim , Qi Kai , Epps Thomas H. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate the directional alignment of perpendicular‐lamellae domains in fluorinated three‐armed star block polymer (BP) thin films using solvent vapor annealing with shear stress. The control of orientation and alignment was accomplished without any substrate surface modification. Additionally, three‐armed star poly(methyl methacrylate‐block‐styrene) [PMMA‐PS] and poly(octafluoropentyl methacrylate‐block‐styrene) were compared to their linear analogues to examine the impact of fluorine content and star architecture on self‐assembled BP feature sizes and interdomain density profiles. X‐ray reflectometry results indicated that the star BP molecular architecture increased the effective polymer segregation strength and could possibly facilitate reduced polymer domain spacings, which are useful in next‐generation nanolithographic applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1663–1672
Hot Spot Chemistry in Several Polymer‐Bound Explosives under Nanosecond Shock Conditions
Authors: Bassett Will P. , Johnson Belinda P. , Dlott Dana D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInitial hot spot temperatures and temperature evolutions for 4 polymer‐bound explosives under shock compression by laser‐driven flyer plates at speeds from 1.5–4.5 km s−1 are presented. A new averaging routine allows for improved signal to noise in shock compressed impactor experiments and yields temperature dynamics which are more accurate than has been previously available. The PBX formulations studied here consist of either pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX), 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), or 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) in a 80/20 wt.% mixture with a silicone elastomer binder. The temperature dynamics demonstrate a unique shock strength dependence for each base explosive. The initial hot spot temperature and its evolution in time are shown to be indicative of chemistry occurring within the reaction zone of the four explosives. The number density of hot spots is qualitatively inferred from the spatially‐averaged emissivity and appears to increase exponentially with shock strength. An increased emissivity for formulations consisting of TNT and TATB is consistent with carbon‐rich explosives and in increased hot spot volume. Qualitative conclusions about sensitivity were drawn from the initial hot spot temperature and rate at which the number of hot spots appear to grow.
Correlation between cribriform/intraductal prostatic adenocarcinoma and percent Gleason pattern 4 to a 22‐gene genomic classifier
Authors: Taylor Alexander S. , Morgan Todd M. , Wallington David G. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Spratt Daniel E. , Mehra Rohit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Decipher test measures expression of 22 RNA biomarkers associated with aggressive prostate cancer used to improve risk stratification of patients to help guide management. To date, Decipher's genomic classification has not been extensively correlated with specific histologic growth patterns in prostatic adenocarcinoma. With a growing understanding of the clinical aggressiveness associated with cribriform growth pattern (CF), intraductal carcinoma (IDC), and percent Gleason pattern 4 (G4%), we sought to determine if their presence was associated with an increased genomic risk as measured by the Decipher assay.DesignClinical use of the Decipher assay was performed on the highest Gleason score (GS) tumor nodule of prostatectomy specimens from a prospective cohort of 48 patients, with GS varying from 7 through 9 to help guide clinical risk stratification. The tumors were reviewed for CF, IDC, and G4%, which were then compared to the Decipher score (0‐1) and risk stratification (high vs not high).ResultsThe presence of CF/IDC was significantly associated with Decipher risk score (P = .007), with a high‐risk Decipher score in 22% vs 56% of patients without or with CF/IDC. On binary logistic regression analysis, G4% (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 per percent increase [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02‐1.06]; P = .0004) and CF predominant (OR, 9.60 [95%CI, 1.48‐62.16]; P = .02) were significantly associated with a high‐risk GC score. IDC did not reach significance (OR, 1.92 [95%CI, 0.65‐5.67]; P = .24).ConclusionsOur findings add to an expanding knowledge base that supports G4% and CF/IDC as molecularly unique and clinically relevant features in prostatic adenocarcinoma. These histologic features should be standardly reported as they are associated with more aggressive prostate cancer. Future work should determine the independent information of these histologic findings that are relative to genomic assessment on long‐term outcomes.
Neural network for univariate and multivariate nonlinearity tests
Authors: Mohammadi Shapour 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to introduce a multiple output artificial neural network as a tool for testing nonlinearity in multivariate time series. Unlike previous studies, we use weights from trained networks to determine the support space for defining random weights of nonlinear regressors and obtain greater power. Moreover, this paper uses two hidden layer neural networks for univariate and multivariate nonlinearity tests. Simulation results show that the proposed method is more powerful than the Terasvirta, Lin, and Granger test in most functional forms and more powerful than the Tsay test in some cases. Taking into account univariate and multivariate time series, the neural network approach is much more powerful than both these tests.
Adult tissue–derived neural crest-like stem cells: Sources, regulatory networks, and translational potential
Authors: Mehrotra Pihu , Tseropoulos Georgios , Bronner Marianne E. , Andreadis Stelios T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeural crest (NC) cells are a multipotent stem cell population that give rise to a diverse array of cell types in the body, including peripheral neurons, Schwann cells (SC), craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle cells, and melanocytes. NC formation and differentiation into specific lineages takes place in response to a set of highly regulated signaling and transcriptional events within the neural plate border. Premigratory NC cells initially are contained within the dorsal neural tube from which they subsequently emigrate, migrating to often distant sites in the periphery. Following their migration and differentiation, some NC-like cells persist in adult tissues in a nascent multipotent state, making them potential candidates for autologous cell therapy. This review discusses the gene regulatory network responsible for NC development and maintenance of multipotency. We summarize the genes and signaling pathways that have been implicated in the differentiation of a postmigratory NC into mature myelinating SC. We elaborate on the signals and transcription factors involved in the acquisition of immature SC fate, axonal sorting of unmyelinated neuronal axons, and finally the path toward mature myelinating SC, which envelope axons within myelin sheaths, facilitating electrical signal propagation. The gene regulatory events guiding development of SC in vivo provides insights into means for differentiating NC-like cells from adult human tissues into functional SC, which have the potential to provide autologous cell sources for the treatment of demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders.Significance statement Neural crest (NC) cells have attracted attention for their multipotent nature and ease of isolation from adult tissues. This concise review reports the advantages of using NCs for the treatment of demyelinating disorders and spinal cord injury (SCI), over other cell sources such as induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells. Adult tissue-derived NCs are easy to expand in vitro and can be derived from autologous sources. Moreover, differentiation of NCs to Schwann cells (SC) can be easily achieved without genetic mutation, making them safe for translation from a laboratory to a clinical setting. Adult NC-derived SC are functional and can myelinate neurons in vitro and spinal cord in vivo in mice. Hence, NCs derived from adult tissue are a promising cell source for the treatment of demyelinating disorders and SCI. Furthermore, this technology can also be used for disease modeling and drug testing, making way for personalized therapeutics for neurological disorders.