bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C1-C3 unilateral dorsal root entry zone rhizotomy for the treatment of persistent postherpetic occipital neuralgia
Authors: Aljuboori Zaid , Neimat Joseph 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Postherpetic occipital neuralgia (PHON) is a neuropathic pain condition that usually presents as paroxysmal pain that is stabbing in nature.[5,7] It involves the occiput and posterior scalp in the distribution of the greater and/or lesser occipital nerves. It usually develops after an episode of shingles.[5,7] Treatment usually first consists of medical therapy and then progresses to invasive treatment (e.g., peripheral nerve stimulation, spinal cord epidural stimulation, C2-C3 ganglionectomy, or dorsal root entry zone [DREZ] rhizotomy).[1-4,6] Here, we present a case of persistent PHON that was treated with C1-C3 DREZ.

Case Description:
A 37-year-old female had a history of several episodes of shingles involving the left neck and occiput; they resolved after treatment with valacyclovir. Subsequently, however, she developed severe lancinating pain of the neck and the occiput and was diagnosed with PHON. Initially, she was treated with oxcarbazepine but was stopped due to cognitive side effects. She then had a cervical spinal cord stimulator implanted which produced relief for several years; it was later removed due to breakage of the electrodes. She then underwent a left- sided C1-C2 hemilaminectomy with a C1-C3 DREZ procedure.[1] Postoperatively, she had immediate resolution of her pain, but developed a new left hemiparesis (4+/5), accompanied by imbalance, decreased sensation to light touch, and loss of proprioception. On 6 weeks follow up, the pain was still relieved, and she exhibited significant improvement in her left-sided hemiparesis and hemisensory deficit to which returned to baseline. Similar outcome was maintained at four months follow up.

Conclusion:
Although high cervical DREZ lesions may effectively treat post herpetic/occipital neuralgia that fails other measures, there may be associated major neurological morbidity that makes this procedure acceptable as a salvage option, and after clearly explaining the risks to the patient.
Cross-Country Analysis of Energy Subsidies Efficiency
Authors: Karayev A. K. , Ponkratov V. V. 
Published: November 2019

The subject of the research is energy subsidies of states for fossil fuels that remain high, which constitutes according to IMF 6.5% of the world GDP and is used by many states as an important instrument for agriculture and industry development, for job creation, as well as for energy safeguarding. However, energy subsidies often cause energy overconsumption, natural resources exhaustion acceleration and decrease stimuli for investments into green power engineering and renewable energy, which resulted in the 2009 agreement of G20 countries to start stage-by stage reducing fossil fuels subsidies.The purpose of the article is developing a model for quantitative assessment of oil extraction public support. On the basis of the empirical model developed, a cross-country analysis of comparative oil extraction public support efficiency in five countries (three of them developed economies: the USA, Canada, Norway; two countries with developing economies and emerging markets: Brazil, Russia) in 2000–2017 using analysis of the functioning surroundings Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that allows to uncover not only technical, but also cost effectiveness of budgetary oil extraction support. The data for the empirical model are selected from the statistical database of OECD.The results obtained demonstrate that the intensifying of oil and gas sector development practically does not correlate with public policy actions in Russia, and urgent measures to eliminate ineffective energy subsidies are necessary.
Directions and Instruments of Green Projects Financing Within the Concept of Sustainable Development of the Economy
Authors: Sedash T. N. , Tyutyukina E. B. , Lobanov I. N. 
Published: November 2019

The subjects of the research are subjects for investments and instruments of investing in green projects. The importance of the research is determined by absence of effective financial economic mechanisms to attract investments into nature conservation projects in Russia to guarantee sustainable economic development. The purpose of the work is determining the major directions of financing nature conservation projects in Russia basing on the world trends in the sphere.The basic green investment directions in compliance with the UN goals of sustainable development, as well as with the perspective scenarios of world economy transition to eco (green) business are considered. The authors study the main instruments and levers to support private investors to finance green projects that can be government regulations, financing, crediting and risk mitigation. It is concluded that for Russia, the most energy consuming and natural resources intense productions (electric power and heat supply, natural resources extraction, transportation, IT and telecommunications, industrial infrastructure) are sectoral directions for green investments, while concessional lending and credit guarantees (for projects in processing and waste recycling, creating and introduction of energy efficient and eco technologies, in particular), issuing green bonds (here you need regulatory framework, government support mechanisms), creating green banks (with state participation and development institution involvement) can become the most important measures for private green projects investment stimulation.
Economic Mechanism of Ecological Conflicts Prevention in the Region
Authors: Novosyolova I. Y. , Avramenko A. A. 
Published: November 2019

The subject of the research is conflicts between businesses and local population concerning negative impact of mineral resources extraction on the environment and possibilities of its prevention. The purpose of the work is creating an economic mechanism for ecological conflicts prevention in the regions where mineral resources are extracted through implementing an economic mathematical model of forming optimal assortment of compensatory measures. Mechanisms of preventing ecological conflicts in mineral resources extracting regions including two ingredients — expert analytical and optimizational — are proposed. While realizing the expert analytical constituent of the mechanism, local population on a par with authorities and representatives of the extracting enterprise are involved in prioritizing in the course of reducing man-impact on the environment and in the process of compensatory measures portfolio forming. Optimizational constituent of the mechanism for ecological conflicts prevention demands forming a model for optimal compensatory measures choice. Scientific novelty and significance of the work are presented by a rate scale for expertise of possible negative ecological consequences of creating and operating an extracting enterprise from the point of view of population groups. As the research result an algorithm of expert assessment processing enabling to determine the priority ranking for reducing man-impact on the environment and tension reduction between the extracting enterprise and local population is formed. An optimizational model enabling to determine optimal set of compensatory measures taking into account the interests of both extracting enterprises and the most conflict groups of local population is proposed.
Arap-İslam Medeniyetinde Entelektüeller İbn Hanbel Mihnesi & İbn Rüsd Çilesi
Authors: ARSLAN Halil 
Published: November 2019

2010 yılında vefat etmiş olan Muhammed Abid el- Cabirî, İslam düşüncesinin
oluşumu, yapısı ve Kur’an eksenli çalışmaları bulunan çağdaş düşünürlerdendir. On
civarında eseri dilimize kazandırılan Câbirî’nin Türkçe’ye çevrilen son eseri el-
Müseqqafûn fî’l- Hadarati’l- Arabiyye/ Mihnet-ü İbn Hanbel ve Nekbet-ü İbn Rüşd’dür.
Bahsedilen eser Numan Koçaklı tarafından Arap İslam Medeniyetinde
Entelektüeller –İbn Hanbel Mihnesi&amp; İbn Rüşd’ün Çilesi adıyla 2019
yılında Mana Yayınları tarafından İstanbul’da yayımlanıp dilimize
kazandırılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada Câbirî’nin bahsettiğimiz
eserini tanıtıp kitapta gördüğümüz bazı önemli yerlere işaret edeceğiz. Elimizdeki çalışma entelektüel kavramını Ahmed bin Hanbel ve İbn Rüşd özelinde
irdeleyen bir çalışmadır. Bu yazıda eserin özellikle ilk iki bölümü daha fazla
yer tutacaktır zira ilk bölüm teorik çerçeve ikinci bölüm daha çok bilinen bir örnektir. Kitabın üçüncü bölümünde ilk iki bölümde bahsedilen
mihneye başka bir örnek sunulmuştur.
THE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN DIRGANTARA MARSEKAL SURYADHARMA UNIVERSITY USING ISO/IEC 25010
Authors: Septianto Anugrah , Sekarwati Kemal Ade 
Published: November 2019

Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma University (Unsurya) needs to improve the information system for the students. So that it needs to do a software quality test in SIAKAD and to ensure the feature and the function run well. It has a goal to know the quality of a software by testing from functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, security and maintainability standardized by ISO/IEC 25010. It is done to improve the quality of academic information system to be better. This research analyzed the software quality insurance of academic information system in Unsurya by testing the aspects from main menu such as transcript, study plan, lecturer’s evaluation of learning activity, the print out of exam card, the consultation of academic supervisor, consultation from Head of Study Program and student’s financial. Based on the suitability functional and efficiency performance testing using black box in Unsurya SIAKAD system, it runs well although some functions don’t work well. The result for compatibility in SIAKAD Unsurya, it works in line with the browser in the desktop or mobile. Based on the security test using audit system, it results the value 90 (B) with 1 medium risk and 9 low risk. Based on the maintainability test, it results SIAKAD which is able to give a system needed by the students.
Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of MoO3-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite Material
Authors: Navgire Madhukar Eknath , Nagare Akash , Kale Ganesh , Bhitre Sandesh 
Published: November 2019

In the present investigation a series of MoO3-Fe3O4 nanocomposite material such as MoO3, Fe3O4, Beta cyclodextrin (b-CD) doped MoO3-Fe3O4 and Graphite doped MoO3-Fe3O4 have been synthesized successfully by co-precipitation method. Synthesized nanomaterials were characterized in detail by XRD, FT-IR, TEM-HRTEM, UV-Vis DRS techniques. The crystalline size was in the range of 10±2 nm. The activity of the prepared material as a heterogeneous catalyst was successfully tested on the organic reaction of synthesis of substituted m-Chloro-Nitrobenzene and it was found to give excellent yield.
Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Desalination: A Short Review
Authors: Liu Shuo , Hu Li fen , Zhang Wei cai , Ma Hong yang 
Published: November 2019

Freshwater scarcity is a critical challenge that human society has to face in the 21st century. Desalination of seawater by reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was regarded as the most promising technology to overcome the challenge given that plenty of potential fresh water resources in oceans. However, the requirements for high desalination efficiency in terms of permeation flux and rejection rate become the bottle-neck which needs to be broken down by developing novel RO membranes with new structure and composition. Cellulose acetate RO membranes exhibited long durability, chlorine resistance, and outstanding desalination efficiency that are worthy of being recalled to address the current shortcomings brought by polyamide RO membranes. In terms of performance enhancement, it is also important to use new ideas and to develop new strategies to modify cellulose acetate RO membranes in response to those complex challenges. Therefore, we focused on the state of the art cellulose acetate RO membranes and discussed the strategies on membrane structural manipulation adjusted by either phase separation or additives, which offered anti-fouling, anti-bacterial, anti-chlorine, durability, and thermo-mechanical properties to the modified membranes associated with the desalination performance, i.e., permeation flux and rejection rate. The relationship between membrane structure and desalination efficiency was investigated and established to guide the development of cellulose acetate RO membranes for desalination.
A Review of the Building Blocks of Silicon Photonics: From Fabrication Perspective
Authors: Shawon Md Jubayer Shawon , Li Feng 
Published: November 2019

Silicon photonics is a disruptive semiconductor technology that taps into the extraordinary properties of light while taking full advantage of the already matured CMOS processes developed in the semiconductor industry. However, just like electronic industry in the 1970s, currently, silicon photonics is in its infancy. The fundamental building blocks of silicon photonics such as waveguides, lasers, modulators, etc. are yet to be fully optimized for low-cost-mass-manufacturing. In this paper, the current state-of-the-art related to developing and optimizing these aforementioned key components will be presented. The challenges of process integration regarding Silicon photonics will also be discussed.
Is there an I in Impact? Considering the two-way process of public engagement.
Authors: Heyerick Isabelle 
Published: November 2019

This article is a critical reflection on public engagement and the concept of impact in UK research institutions, based on a recent experience. The UK impact agenda, driven by the Research Excellence Framework (REF), requires researchers to engage with the public in order to potentially have an impact on society. This, I argue, constitutes the implicit directionality of impact as a one-way process. Recently, I provided a workshop for Flemish Sign Language (VGT) interpreters entitled ‘I interpret, therefore I am’ at the Faculty of Arts of the KU Leuven (Antwerp, Belgium). The aim of the workshop, in line with the impact agenda, was to increase participants’ awareness about the interpreting process and change their perception of how an interpreter’s personal beliefs potentially influence his/her linguistic choices. However, interacting with the participants also had an impact on my current research design and me as a researcher. This particular experience led me to reconsider the implicit idea of impact as a one-way process. In what follows I argue that, impact can and - in my opinion - should be a two-way process, encouraging interaction with the public in order to have a valuable impact on society, research and the researcher.
Funder Acknowledgement
Isabelle Heyerick was a WIRL-COFUND Fellow at the Institute of Advanced Study at the University of Warwick supported by funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, under the Marie Skłodowska Curie Actions COFUND programme (grant agreement number 713548).
Exchanges Discourse Podcast
A Conversation with…Dr Isabelle Heyerick [19:07]
Effective Contributor Communication and Editorial Process Efficacy
Authors: Johnson Gareth J 
Published: November 2019

This is editorial for this issue, which discusses problems faced by scholar-led journals and contributor communications, and some of the steps taken to minimise them. It also includes a minor correction to an earlier volume along with highlights of the articles published in this issue of Exchanges. The editorial also includes details of the current calls for papers, both thematic and general ones, alongside acknowledgements and details on where to find out more information on contributing to Exchanges.
An evaluation of outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury at a referral hospital in Tanzania: evidence from a survival analysis
Authors: Elahi Cyrus , Rocha Thiago Augusto Hernandes , da Silva Núbia Cristina , Sakita Francis M. , Ndebea Ansbert Sweetbert , Fuller Anthony , Haglund Michael M. , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Nickenig Vissoci João Ricardo , Staton Catherine A. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to determine if patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in low- and middle-income countries who receive surgery have better outcomes than patients with TBI who do not receive surgery, and whether this differs with severity of injury.METHODSThe authors generated a series of Kaplan-Meier plots and performed multiple Cox proportional hazard models to assess the relationship between TBI surgery and TBI severity. The TBI severity was categorized using admission Glasgow Coma Scale scores: mild (14, 15), moderate (9–13), or severe (3–8). The authors investigated outcomes from admission to hospital day 14. The outcome considered was the Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended, categorized as poor outcome (1–4) and good outcome (5–8). The authors used TBI registry data collected from 2013 to 2017 at a regional referral hospital in Tanzania.RESULTSOf the final 2502 patients, 609 (24%) received surgery and 1893 (76%) did not receive surgery. There were significantly fewer road traffic injuries and more violent causes of injury in those receiving surgery. Those receiving surgery were also more likely to receive care in the ICU, to have a poor outcome, to have a moderate or severe TBI, and to stay in the hospital longer. The hazard ratio for patients with TBI who underwent operation versus those who did not was 0.17 (95% CI 0.06–0.49; p < 0.001) in patients with moderate TBI; 0.2 (95% CI 0.06–0.64; p = 0.01) for those with mild TBI, and 0.47 (95% CI 0.24–0.89; p = 0.02) for those with severe TBI.CONCLUSIONSThose who received surgery for their TBI had a lower hazard for poor outcome than those who did not. Surgical intervention was associated with the greatest improvement in outcomes for moderate head injuries, followed by mild and severe injuries. The findings suggest a reprioritization of patients with moderate TBI—a drastic change to the traditional practice within low- and middle-income countries in which the most severely injured patients are prioritized for care.
Volume-outcome relationship in pediatric neurotrauma care: analysis of two national databases
Authors: Tang Oliver Y. , Yoon James S. , Kimata Anna R. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVEPrevious research has demonstrated the association between increased hospital volume and improved outcomes for a wide range of neurosurgical conditions, including adult neurotrauma. The authors aimed to determine if such a relationship was also present in the care of pediatric neurotrauma patients.METHODSThe authors identified 106,146 pediatric admissions for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the period 2002–2014 and 34,017 admissions in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) for 2012–2015. Hospitals were stratified as high volume (top 20%) or low volume (bottom 80%) according to their pediatric tICH volume. Then the association between high-volume status and favorable discharge disposition, inpatient mortality, complications, and length of stay (LOS) was assessed. Multivariate regression modeling was used to control for patient demographics, severity metrics, hospital characteristics, and performance of neurosurgical procedures.RESULTSIn each database, high-volume hospitals treated over 60% of pediatric tICH admissions. In the NIS, patients at high-volume hospitals presented with worse severity metrics and more frequently underwent neurosurgical intervention over medical management (all p < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, admission to a high-volume hospital was associated with increased odds of a favorable discharge (home or short-term facility) in both databases (both p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in inpatient mortality (p = 0.208). Moreover, high-volume hospital patients had lower total complications in the NIS and lower respiratory complications in both databases (all p < 0.001). Although patients at high-volume hospitals in the NTDB had longer hospital stays (β-coefficient = 1.17, p < 0.001), they had shorter stays in the intensive care unit (β-coefficient = 0.96, p = 0.024). To determine if these findings were attributable to the trauma center level rather than case volume, an analysis was conducted with only level I pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) in the NTDB. Similarly, treatment at a high-volume level I PTC was associated with increased odds of a favorable discharge (OR 1.28, p = 0.009), lower odds of pneumonia (OR 0.60, p = 0.007), and a shorter total LOS (β-coefficient = 0.92, p = 0.024).CONCLUSIONSPediatric tICH patients admitted to high-volume hospitals exhibited better outcomes, particularly in terms of discharge disposition and complications, in two independent national databases. This trend persisted when examining level I PTCs exclusively, suggesting that volume alone may have an impact on pediatric neurotrauma outcomes. These findings highlight the potential merits of centralizing neurosurgery and pursuing regionalization policies, such as interfacility transport networks and destination protocols, to optimize the care of children affected by traumatic brain injury.
Role of repeat CT in mild to moderate head injury: an institutional study
Authors: Nagesh Madhusudhan , Patel Kautilya Rajendrakumar , Mishra Ajit , Yeole Ujwal , Prabhuraj Andiperumal R. , Shukla Dhaval 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVEPatients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often undergo repeat head CT scans to identify the possible progression of injury. The objective of this study is to evaluate the need for routine repeat head CT scans in patients with mild to moderate head injury and an initial positive abnormal CT scan.METHODSThis is a retrospective study of patients presenting to the emergency department from January 2016 to December 2017 with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores > 8 and an initial abnormal CT scan, who underwent repeat CT during their in-hospital medical management. Patients who underwent surgery after the first CT scan, had a GCS score < 9, or had a normal initial CT scan were excluded. Demographic, medical history, and physical examination details were collected, and CT scans were reviewed. Radiological deterioration, neurological deterioration, and/or the need for neurosurgical intervention were the primary outcome variables.RESULTSA total of 1033 patients were included in this study. These patients underwent at least two CT scans on an inpatient basis. Of these 1033 patients, 54.1% had mild head injury and 45.9% had moderate head injury based on GCS score at admission. The most common diagnosis was contusion (43.8%), followed by extradural hematoma (28.8%) and subdural hematoma (26.6%). A total of 2636 CT scans were performed for 1033 patients, with a mean of 2.55 per patient. Of these, 25 (2.4%) had neurological deterioration, 90 (8.7%) had a progression of an existing lesion or appearance of a new lesion on repeat CT, and 101 (9.8%) required neurosurgical intervention. Seventy-five patients underwent surgery due to worsening of repeat CT without neurological deterioration, so the average number of repeat CT scans required to identify one such patient was 21.3. On multiple logistic regression, GCS score at admission (p = 0.024), abnormal international normalized ratio (INR; p < 0.001), midline shift (p = 0.005), effaced basal cisterns (p < 0.001), and multiple hemorrhagic lesions (p = 0.010) were associated with worsening of repeat CT, neurological deterioration, and/or need for neurosurgical intervention.CONCLUSIONSThe role of routine repeat head CT in medically managed patients with head injury is controversial. The authors have tried to study the various factors that are associated with neurological deterioration, radiological deterioration, and/or need for neurosurgical intervention. In this study the authors found lower GCS score at admission, abnormal INR, presence of midline shift, effaced basal cisterns, and multiple lesions on initial CT to be significantly associated with the above outcomes.