bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Best‐practice forestry management delivers diminishing returns for coral reefs with increased land‐clearing
Authors: Wenger Amelia S. , Harris Daniel , Weber Samuel , Vaghi Ferguson , Nand Yashika , Naisilisili Waisea , Hughes Alec , Delevaux Jade , Klein Carissa J. , Watson James , Mumby Peter J. , Jupiter Stacy D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Protection of coastal ecosystems from deforestation may be the best way to protect coral reefs from sediment runoff. However, given the importance of generating economic activities for coastal livelihoods, the prohibition of development is often not feasible. In light of this, logging codes of practice have been developed to mitigate the impacts of logging on downstream ecosystems. However, no studies have assessed whether managed land‐clearing can occur in tandem with coral reef conservation goals.

This study quantifies the impacts of current land use and the risk of potential logging activities on downstream coral reef condition and fisheries using a novel suite of linked land‐sea models, using Kolombangara Island in the Solomon Islands as a case study. Further, we examine the ability of erosion reduction strategies stipulated in logging codes of practice to reduce these impacts as clearing extent increases.

We found that with present‐day land use, reductions in live and branching coral cover and increases in turf algae were associated with exposure to sediment runoff from catchments and log ponds. Critically, reductions in fish grazer abundance and biomass were associated with increasing sediment runoff, a functional group that accounts for ~25% of subsistence fishing. At low clearing extents, although best management practices minimize the exposure of coral reefs to increased runoff, it would still result in 32% of the reef experiencing an increase in sediment exposure. If clearing extent increased, best management practices would have no impact, with a staggering 89% of coral reef area at risk compared to logging with no management.

Synthesis and applications. Assessing trade‐offs between coastal development and protection of marine resources is a challenge for decision makers globally. Although development activities requiring clearing can be important for livelihoods, our results demonstrate that new logging in intact forest risks downstream resources important for both food and livelihood security. Importantly, our approach allows for spatially explicit recommendations for where terrestrial management might best complement marine management. Finally, given the critical degradation feedback loops that increased sediment runoff can reinforce on coral reefs, minimizing sediment runoff could play an important role in helping coral reefs recover from climate‐related disturbances.
Bioactivities of hen's egg yolk phosvitin and its functional phosphopeptides in food industry and health
Authors: Yilmaz Birsen , Ağagündüz Duygu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhosvitin, one of the most noteworthy bioactive components of hen egg yolk, is an amphiphilic protein that stands out with its unique composition and functionality in the food industry and health. Phosvitin consists of 4% of egg yolk dry matter and 11% of egg yolk proteins. It is considered as the most phosphorylated protein with 10% phosphorus. Besides, some potential novel phosphopeptides containing clusters of phosphoserines can be derived from hen's egg yolk phosvitin. Phosvitin, which has many functional features thanks to its unique structure, is known primarily for its metal bonds binding (iron, calcium, etc.) feature. On the other hand, its phosphopeptides may increase the bioavailability of metals compared to phosvitin. Although this feature of phosvitin may partially decrease the bioavailability of especially iron in the egg, it allows the phosvitin to have many bioactivities in the food industry and health. Lipid oxidation, which is a serious problem in the food industry, can be inhibited by adding phosvitin and its derived phosphopeptides to the food production chain via inhibiting bivalent iron. Because phosvitin is an amphiphilic protein capable of chelating, it also shows potential antibacterial effects against the Gram‐negative bacteria. Moreover, the literature has recently been attempting to define the promising relationship between phosvitin and its phosphopeptides and plenty of health‐promoting activities such as immune‐enhancing, melanogenesis inhibitor, anti‐ageing, and anticancer. In this review, current information on the hen's egg yolk phosvitin and its phosphopeptides and their bioactivities in the food industry and health are discussed and some future directions are given.
Propidium monoazide for viable Salmonella enterica detection by PCR and LAMP assays in comparison to RNA‐based RT‐PCR, RT‐LAMP, and culture‐based assays
Authors: Techathuvanan Chayapa , D'Souza Doris Helen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRapid and sensitive detection of live/infectious foodborne pathogens is urgently needed in order to prevent outbreaks and food recalls. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the incorporation of propidium monoazide (PMA) into PCR or LAMP assays to selectively detect viable Salmonella Enteritidis following sublethal heat or UV treatment, and autoclave sterilization; and (2) compare the detection of PMA‐PCR and PMA‐LAMP to DNA‐based PCR and LAMP (without PMA), RNA‐based RT‐PCR and RT‐LAMP, and culture‐based methods. Nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) from 1‐mL S. Enteritidis samples were used for PCR, RT‐PCR, LAMP, and RT‐LAMP assays. Serially diluted samples were plated on Xylose Lysine Tergitol‐4 agar for cultural enumeration. Comparable detection of overnight cultured S. Enteritidis was obtained by PMA‐PCR, PCR, and RT‐PCR, though 1 to 2 log less sensitive than cultural assays. PMA‐LAMP and RT‐LAMP showed similar detection of overnight cultures, being 1 to 2 log less sensitive than the LAMP assay, and ∼4 log less than culture‐based detection. Autoclaved S. Enteritidis did not test positive by RNA‐based methods or PMA‐PCR, but PMA‐LAMP showed detection of 1 log CFU/mL. PMA‐PCR and RT‐PCR showed comparable detection of sublethal heat‐treated cells to cultural assays, while PMA‐LAMP showed 1 to 2 log less detection. Our results suggest that PMA‐PCR and PMA‐LAMP assays are not suitable for selective viable cell detection after UV treatment. While PMA‐LAMP assay needs optimization, PMA‐PCR shows promise for live/viable S. Enteritidis detection. PMA‐PCR shows potential for routine testing in the food industry with results within 1‐day, albeit depending on the inactivation method employed.
Assessment of left ventricular contractile functions in inflammatory bowel disease according to disease activity
Authors: Sari Cenk , Özer Sarı Sevil , Duran Karaduman Bilge , Koseoglu Huseyin , Şimşek Ersin Çağrı 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the subclinical involvement of cardiac functions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) according to their disease activity status by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE).MethodsThis prospective study included 72 consecutive patients with IBD and 93 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC). All participants underwent conventional and 2DSTE assessments. The IBD patients were subdivided into active disease and remission groups for further investigation of the effect of disease activity on left ventricular (LV) contractile functions.ResultsThe longitudinal strain values differed significantly between the IBD group and the control group (global longitudinal strain [GLS] from two‐chamber view: [−15.74 ± 6.33]% vs [−18.8 ± 2.87]%, P = 0.001; GLS from four‐chamber view: [−16.61 ± 9.91]% vs [−20.12 ± 2.57]%, P = 0.008; GLS: [−15.47 ± 6.87]% vs [−19.48 ± 2.16]%, P = 0.0001). The circumferential strain measurements showed a nonsignificant trend of depressed contractile functions in the IBD group. Patients with active IBD had similar GLS and global circumferential strain (GCS) values as those in remission. A correlation analysis revealed that the neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio was positively correlated and the platelet count was negatively correlated with GCS. Deterioration of LV diastolic functions examined with E/e' and mitral deceleration time was found in the IBD group compared with the controls.ConclusionsLV global longitudinal contractile and diastolic functions were decreased in patients with IBD. Clinicians should maintain patients’ remission periods and prevent flare‐ups.
Identifying perceptions and barriers regarding vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Aberumand Babak , Dyck Bailey A. , Towheed Tanveer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimCanadian guidelines recommend that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receive pneumococcal, influenza and shingles vaccinations. The aim of this study was to identify and understand vaccination rates in Canadian patients with RA.MethodsWe conducted an observational study to evaluate uptake of herpes zoster (HZ), influenza and pneumonia vaccination in a cross‐section of patients with RA in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire in patients attending at an academic rheumatology clinic. If vaccination was not received, the reason was established.ResultsNinety‐eight out of a total of 103 patients surveyed met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated: 72.4% had received the influenza vaccination in the past year encompassing a period of 2017‐2019. Of the 27.6% who did not, the most common chosen reason was personal preference not to get vaccinated (55.6%). Regarding HZ, 18.4% had received vaccination. Of the 2 available types of vaccines, more participants received Zostavax (66.7%) as compared to Shringrix (33.3%). For those not vaccinated (81.6%), “Other” was the most chosen option (37.5%) with the reasons subsequently specified as cost, concern over interaction with treatment and waiting until age ≥65 years. In terms of pneumococcal vaccination, 36.7% were vaccinated, with the majority being vaccinated with Pneumovax‐23 (63.9%) compared to Prevnar‐13 (16.7%) or both (19.4%). Of the 63.3% of the participants who did not receive vaccination, the most cited reason was they did not know they should receive pneumococcal vaccination (48.4%).ConclusionsVaccination rates among Canadian patients with RA are suboptimal.
MiR‐429 suppresses proliferation and invasion of breast cancer via inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Liping , Liu Qinghua , Mu Qingjie , Zhou Dandan , Li Hongli , Zhang Baogang , Yin Chonggao 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundmicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been verified as molecular targets for regulating tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in tumor progression. However, the relationship between miRNAs and cellular energy metabolism in breast cancer still needs to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR‐429 in breast cancer progression.MethodsBioinformatic analyses were employed to detect the relationship between miR‐429 and cancer‐related signaling pathways. We used a Kaplan‐Meier curve to analyze survival rate in patients with high or low expression of miR‐429. We used real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) to detect the expression of miR‐429 in different cell lines. Sh‐con, over‐miR‐429, miR‐429 inhibitor, and sh‐inhibitor control were transfected. Colony formation and EDU assay were used to detect the proliferation of transfected cells. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to detect the mobility and invasion ability of transfected cells. Western blot assay was used to detect relative protein expression in transfected cells and different tissues. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to detect the target proteins expression in different breast cancer databases. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding site between miR‐429 and fibronectin 1 (FN1).ResultsThe results of our study indicate that MiR‐429 and its target genes are associated with cancer‐related signaling pathways and that higher miR‐429 expression corresponds with a better prognosis. When miR‐429 was overexpressed, the proliferation, invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 were inhibited. MiR‐429 was able to suppress the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and FN1 overexpression could rescue the influence of over‐miR‐429.ConclusionsThe results of our study suggest that miR‐429 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer via inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
DNA sonication inverse PCR for genome scale analysis of uncharacterized flanking sequences
Authors: Alquezar‐Planas David E. , Löber Ulrike , Cui Pin , Quedenau Claudia , Chen Wei , Greenwood Alex D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

There are few available tools to comprehensively and economically identify uncharacterized flanking regions that are not extremely labour intensive and which exploit the advantages of emerging long‐read sequencing platforms.

We describe SIP; a sonication‐based inverse PCR high‐throughput sequencing strategy to investigate uncharacterized flanking region sequences, including those flanking mobile DNA. SIP combines unbiased fragmentation by sonication and target enrichment by coupling outward facing PCR priming with long‐read sequencing technologies.

We demonstrate the effectiveness of SIP by determining retroviral integrations which are high copy and challenging to characterize. We further describe SIP's workflow, examine retroviral (proviral) enrichment and characterize viral structural variants identified. When SIP was coupled with long‐read sequencing using the PacBio RS II platform, proviral integration was extensively characterized at high sequence depth per integration. By interrogating the sequence data, we were also able to test several intrinsic factors including SIP's propensity to form chimeric sequences and adapter ligation efficiencies.

SIP is an adaption of a traditional molecular biology technique that can be used to characterize any unknown genomic flanking sequence or to extend any sequence for which only minimal sequence information is available. SIP can be applied broadly to study complex biological systems such as mobile genetic elements with high throughput.
Effects of thermal softening of endotracheal tubes on postoperative sore throat: A randomized double‐blinded trial
Authors: Yu Je Hyuk , Paik Hye‐Sun , Ryu Ho Geol , Lee Hannah 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPostoperative throat complications after intubation are undesirable but frequent outcomes. A randomized, double‐blinded study was performed to determine whether thermal softening of endotracheal tubes reduced throat complications after intubation.MethodsPatients (n = 196) undergoing nasal surgery were randomly allocated into the control group and thermal softening groups. Sore throat and hoarseness were evaluated 1 and 24 hours after extubation. The severity of sore throat was evaluated using the numeric rating scale (NRS). The primary outcome was the incidence of sore throat 1 hour after extubation and sore throat was defined as a painful or scratchy feeling in the throat. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of hoarseness 1 hour after extubation, the incidence of sore throat and hoarseness 24 hours after extubation, severity of sore throat, and vocal cord injuries.ResultsThe incidence of sore throat 1 hour after extubation was lower in the thermal softening group than in the control group (35.1% vs 52.7%, P = .02). Moreover, thermal softening decreased the mean NRS score for sore throat in the thermal softening group by 10% an hour after extubation (thermal softening group, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.88‐1.70] vs control group, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.77‐2.89]; P < .01). At 24 hours after extubation, the incidence of sore throat (38.3% vs 40.7%, P = .77) and hoarseness (34.0% vs 35.2%, 0.95 [0.52‐1.74], P = .74) were comparable between the two groups.ConclusionsIntubation using endotracheal tubes with thermal softening significantly decreased the incidence of sore throat 1 hour after extubation when compared with endotracheal tubes without thermal softening.
Effects of different mean arterial pressure targets on plasma volume, ANP and glycocalyx—A randomized trial
Authors: Damén Tor , Saadati Sofia , Forssell‐Aronsson Eva , Hesse Camilla , Bentzer Peter , Ricksten Sven‐Erik , Nygren Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundArterial haematocrit (Hct) has been shown to decrease after anaesthesia induction, most probably because of an increased plasma volume (PV). The primary objective was to quantify change in PV if mean arterial pressure (MAP) was kept at baseline level or allowed to decrease to 60 mm Hg. Our secondary objective was to evaluate underlying mechanisms of this response.MethodsTwenty‐four coronary artery bypass patients were randomized to a higher (90 mm Hg, intervention group) or lower (60 mm Hg, control group) MAP by titration of norepinephrine. During the experimental procedure, no fluids were administered. Baseline PV was measured by 125I‐albumin and the change in PV was calculated from the change in Hct. Changes in MAP, plasma 125I‐albumin, colloid osmotic pressure, albumin, Mid Regional‐pro Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (MR‐proANP) and endothelial glycocalyx components were measured from baseline to 50 minutes after anaesthesia induction.ResultsThe MAP during the trial was 93 ± 9 mm Hg in the intervention group and 62 ± 5 mm Hg in the control group. PV increased with up to 420 ± 180 mL in the control group and 45 ± 130 mL in the intervention group (P < .001). Albumin and colloid osmotic pressure decreased significantly more in the control group. MR‐proANP increased in the control group but no shedding of the glycocalyx layer was detected in either of the groups.ConclusionAllowing mean arterial pressure to fall to 60 mm Hg during anaesthesia induction, increases the plasma volume due to reabsorption of interstitial water, with no ANP‐induced degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx.
Beers with Peers: Childhood ADHD and Risk for Correlated Change in Perceived Peer and Personal Alcohol Use Across Young Adulthood
Authors: Kennedy Traci M. , Walther Christine A.P. , Pedersen Sarah L. , McKone Kirsten M.P. , Gnagy Elizabeth M. , Pelham William E. , Molina Brooke S.G. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundADHD poses risk for problematic alcohol use through adulthood. Perceived peer alcohol use, one of the strongest correlates of individuals’ own alcohol use, is especially salient for adolescents with ADHD. The extent to which this risk extends into young adulthood is unknown, as well as how change in these constructs is associated throughout young adulthood.MethodsIn the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study, 358 individuals with childhood‐diagnosed ADHD and 239 without were prospectively followed from ages 18 to 29. Piecewise, bivariate longitudinal growth modeling was used to examine the change in both peer alcohol use and individuals’ heavy drinking (binge‐drinking frequency), their between‐person associations, and differences by ADHD group. The addition of structured residuals probed within‐person year‐to‐year change in peer and personal alcohol use and their prospective associations.ResultsPerceived peer alcohol use and individuals’ heavy drinking frequencies changed together over time concurrently—from ages 18 to 21 (piece 1) and 21 to 29 (piece 2). Prospectively, individuals who increased the most in heavy drinking from ages 18 to 21 reported more friends using alcohol at age 29, regardless of ADHD history. Within‐person increases in personal alcohol use likewise predicted increased perceived peer use the subsequent year within each age group (piece), regardless of ADHD history. However, while decreasing perceived peer use from ages 21 to 29 was related to more frequent heavy drinking at age 29 for those without ADHD, increasing perceived peer use from ages 18 to 21 predicted more frequent heavy drinking at age 29 for those with ADHD.ConclusionsYoung adult heavy drinking changes in tandem with perceived peer alcohol use across individuals and predicts selection of alcohol‐using peers from year to year within individuals, further into adulthood than previously documented. Findings suggest the centrality of relationships with alcohol‐consuming friends in relation to one’s heavy drinking, especially for young adults with ADHD histories, through the twenties.
Financial slack, institutional shareholding and enterprise innovation investment: evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Ke , Wang Jenny Jing , Sun Yanqi , Hossain Sarowar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examines how institutional shareholding affects the relationship between financial slack and corporate investment in innovation for Chinese A‐share listed companies. We find that financial slack significantly increases corporate innovation investment. Pressure‐resistant institutions do not moderate the relation but pressure‐sensitive institutions do moderate the relation negatively. We further find that financial slack affects beneficially results because of the employment of slack resources after an exogenous negative shock like COVID‐19/Global Financial Crisis. Our findings contribute to the literature on the cross‐sectional variation on the relationship between companies’ strategies and accounting choices in China.
Levered and inverse VIX ETP option contract adjustments: No harm, no foul?
Authors: Tengulov Angel , Whaley Robert E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe terms of exchange‐traded stock option contracts are usually adjusted when corporate actions take place. These adjustments are made to safeguard the value of the outstanding option contracts. Recently, a new type of corporate event has appeared − levered and inverse exchange‐traded product issuers are reducing leverage ratios with increased frequency. While such changes directly affect option values, no contract adjustments are made, resulting in windfall transfers of wealth from outstanding long to outstanding short option holders. In one instance alone, the transfer was more than $US100 million. To remedy the problem, we offer a simple contract adjustment procedure.