bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wearable monitoring of sleep-disordered breathing: estimation of the apnea–hypopnea index using wrist-worn reflective photoplethysmography
Authors: Papini Gabriele B. , Fonseca Pedro , van Gilst Merel M. , Bergmans Jan W. M. , Vullings Rik , Overeem Sebastiaan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA large part of the worldwide population suffers from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disorder impairing the restorative function of sleep and constituting a risk factor for several cardiovascular pathologies. The standard diagnostic metric to define OSA is the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), typically obtained by manually annotating polysomnographic recordings. However, this clinical procedure cannot be employed for screening and for long-term monitoring of OSA due to its obtrusiveness and cost. Here, we propose an automatic unobtrusive AHI estimation method fully based on wrist-worn reflective photoplethysmography (rPPG), employing a deep learning model exploiting cardiorespiratory and sleep information extracted from the rPPG signal trained with 250 recordings. We tested our method with an independent set of 188 heterogeneously disordered clinical recordings and we found it estimates the AHI with a good agreement to the gold standard polysomnography reference (correlation = 0.61, estimation error = 3±10 events/h). The estimated AHI was shown to reliably assess OSA severity (weighted Cohen’s kappa = 0.51) and screen for OSA (ROC–AUC = 0.84/0.86/0.85 for mild/moderate/severe OSA). These findings suggest that wrist-worn rPPG measurements that can be implemented in wearables such as smartwatches, have the potential to complement standard OSA diagnostic techniques by allowing unobtrusive sleep and respiratory monitoring.
Neutron diffraction analysis of stress and strain partitioning in a two-phase microstructure with parallel-aligned phases
Authors: Huang Qiuliang , Shi Ran , Muránsky Ondrej , Beladi Hossein , Kabra Saurabh , Schimpf Christian , Volkova Olena , Biermann Horst , Mola Javad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBy time-of-flight (TOF) neutron diffraction experiments, the influence of segregation-induced microstructure bands of austenite (γ) and martensite (α′ ) phases on the partitioning of stress and strain between these phases was investigated. Initially, tensile specimens of a Co-added stainless steel were heat treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing. Tensile specimens were subsequently loaded at 350 °C parallel to the length of the bands within the apparent elastic limit of the phase mixture. Lattice parameters in both axial and transverse directions were simultaneously measured for both phases. The observation of a lattice expansion for the γ phase in the transverse direction indicated a constraint on the free transverse straining of γ arising from the banded microstructure. The lateral contraction of α′ imposed an interphase tensile microstress in the transverse direction of the γ phase. The multiaxial stress state developed in the γ phase resulted in a large deviation from the level of plastic strain expected for uniaxial loading of single phase γ. Since segregation-induced banded microstructures commonly occur in many engineering alloys, the analysis of stress and strain partitioning with the present Q&P steel can be used to interpret the observations made for further engineering alloys with two-phase microstructures.
Neurotrophic factors and target-specific retrograde signaling interactions define the specificity of classical and neuropeptide cotransmitter release at identified Lymnaea synapses
Authors: Getz Angela M. , Janes Tara A. , Visser Frank , Zaidi Wali , Syed Naweed I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany neurons concurrently and/or differentially release multiple neurotransmitter substances to selectively modulate the activity of distinct postsynaptic targets within a network. However, the molecular mechanisms that produce synaptic heterogeneity by regulating the cotransmitter release characteristics of individual presynaptic terminals remain poorly defined. In particular, we know little about the regulation of neuropeptide corelease, despite the fact that they mediate synaptic transmission, plasticity and neuromodulation. Here, we report that an identified Lymnaea neuron selectively releases its classical small molecule and peptide neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and FMRFamide-derived neuropeptides, to differentially influence the activity of distinct postsynaptic targets that coordinate cardiorespiratory behaviour. Using a combination of electrophysiological, molecular, and pharmacological approaches, we found that neuropeptide cotransmitter release was regulated by cross-talk between extrinsic neurotrophic factor signaling and target-specific retrograde arachidonic acid signaling, which converged on modulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3. In this context, we identified a novel role for the Lymnaea synaptophysin homologue as a specific and synapse-delimited inhibitory regulator of peptide neurotransmitter release. This study is among the first to define the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the differential release of cotransmitter substances from individual presynaptic terminals, which allow for context-dependent tuning and plasticity of the synaptic networks underlying patterned motor behaviour.
Transcriptional mutagenesis dramatically alters genome-wide p53 transactivation landscape
Authors: Liang Shuo , Ezerskyte Monika , Wang Jingwen , Pelechano Vicent , Dreij Kristian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe transcriptional error rate can be significantly increased by the presence of DNA lesions that instruct mis-insertion during transcription; a process referred to as transcriptional mutagenesis (TM) that can result in altered protein function. Herein, we determined the effect of O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) on transcription and subsequent transactivation activity of p53 in human lung H1299 cells. Levels of TM and effects on transactivation were determined genome wide by RNA-seq. Results showed that 47% of all p53 transcripts contained an uridine misincorporation opposite the lesion at 6 h post transfection, which was decreased to 18% at 24 h. TM at these levels reduced DNA binding activity of p53 to 21% and 80% compared to wild type p53, respectively. Gene expression data were analysed to identify differentially expressed genes due to TM of p53. We show a temporal repression of transactivation of > 100 high confidence p53 target genes including regulators of the cell cycle, DNA damage response and apoptosis. In addition, TM repressed the transcriptional downregulation by p53 of several negative regulators of proliferation and differentiation. Our work demonstrates that TM, even when restricting its effect to an individual transcription factor, has the potential to alter gene expression programs and diversify cellular phenotypes.
Population genetic variation characterization of the boreal tree Acer ginnala in Northern China
Authors: Ye Hang , Wu Jiahui , Wang Zhi , Hou Huimin , Gao Yue , Han Wei , Ru Wenming , Sun Genlou , Wang Yiling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenetic diversity and differentiation are revealed particularly through spatio-temporal environmental heterogeneity. Acer ginnala, as a deciduous shrub/small tree, is a foundation species in many terrestrial ecosystems of Northern China. Owing to its increased use as an economic resource, this species has been in the vulnerability. Therefore, the elucidations of the genetic differentiation and influence of environmental factors on A. ginnala are very critical for its management and future utilization strategies. In this study, high genetic diversity and differentiation occurred in A. ginnala, which might be resulted from its pollination mechanism and species characteristics. Compared with the species level, relatively low genetic diversity was detected at the population level that might be the cause for its vulnerability. There was no significant relationship between genetic and geographical distances, while a significant correlation existed between genetic and environmental distances. Among nineteen climate variables, Annual Mean Temperature (bio1), Mean Diurnal Range (bio2), Isothermality (bio3), Temperature Seasonality (bio4), Precipitation of Wettest Month (bio13), Precipitation Seasonality (bio15), and Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (bio18) could explain the substantial levels of genetic variation (> 40%) in this species. The A. ginnala populations were isolated into multi-subpopulations by the heterogeneous climate conditions, which subsequently promoted the genetic divergence. Climatic heterogeneity played an important role in the pattern of genetic differentiation and population distribution of A. ginnala across a relatively wide range in Northern China. These would provide some clues for the conservation and management of this vulnerable species.
High accuracy machine learning identification of fentanyl-relevant molecular compound classification via constituent functional group analysis
Authors: Xu Mengyu , Wang Chun-Hung , Terracciano Anthony C. , Masunov Artem E. , Vasu Subith S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFentanyl is an anesthetic with a high bioavailability and is the leading cause of drug overdose death in the U.S. Fentanyl and its derivatives have a low lethal dose and street drugs which contain such compounds may lead to death of the user and simultaneously pose hazards for first responders. Rapid identification methods of both known and emerging opioid fentanyl substances is crucial. In this effort, machine learning (ML) is applied in a systematic manner to identify fentanyl-related functional groups in such compounds based on their observed spectral properties. In our study, accurate infrared (IR) spectra of common organic molecules which contain functional groups that are constituents of fentanyl is determined by investigating the structure–property relationship. The average accuracy rate of correctly identifying the functional groups of interest is 92.5% on our testing data. All the IR spectra of 632 organic molecules are from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database as the training set and are assessed. Results from this work will provide Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools and algorithms increased confidence, which serves as a basis to detect fentanyl and its derivatives.
Wide-angle metamaterial absorber with highly insensitive absorption for TE and TM modes
Authors: Amiri Majid , Tofigh Farzad , Shariati Negin , Lipman Justin , Abolhasan Mehran 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBeing incident and polarization angle insensitive are crucial characteristics of metamaterial perfect absorbers due to the variety of incident signals. In the case of incident angles insensitivity, facing transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves affect the absorption ratio significantly. In this scientific report, a crescent shape resonator has been introduced that provides over 99% absorption ratio for all polarization angles, as well as 70% and 93% efficiencies for different incident angles up to $$\theta =80^{\circ }$$

θ
=

80
∘

for TE and TM polarized waves, respectively. Moreover, the insensitivity for TE and TM modes can be adjusted due to the semi-symmetric structure. By adjusting the structure parameters, the absorption ratio for TE and TM waves at $$\theta =80^{\circ }$$

θ
=

80
∘

has been increased to 83% and 97%, respectively. This structure has been designed to operate at 5 GHz spectrum to absorb undesired signals generated due to the growing adoption of Wi-Fi networks. Finally, the proposed absorber has been fabricated in a $$20 \times 20$$

20
×
20

array structure on FR-4 substrate. Strong correlation between measurement and simulation results validates the design procedure.
Pneumocephalus and air travel: an experimental investigation on the effects of aircraft cabin pressure on intracranial pressure
Authors: Lim Ee , Lan Boon Leong , Ooi Ean Hin , Low Hu Liang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of aircraft cabin pressure on intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation of a pneumocephalus patient. We propose an experimental setup that simulates the intracranial hydrodynamics of a pneumocephalus patient during flight. It consists of an acrylic box (skull), air-filled balloon [intracranial air (ICA)], water-filled balloon (cerebrospinal fluid and blood) and agarose gel (brain). The cabin was replicated using a custom-made pressure chamber. The setup can measure the rise in ICP during depressurization to levels similar to that inside the cabin at cruising altitude. ΔICP, i.e. the difference between mean cruising ICP and initial ICP, was found to increase with ICA volume and ROC. However, ΔICP was independent of the initial ICP. The largest ΔICP was 5 mmHg; obtained when ICA volume and ROC were 20 ml and 1,600 ft/min, respectively. The postulated ICA expansion and the subsequent increase in ICP in pneumocephalus patients during flight were successfully quantified in a laboratory setting. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the results, an ICA volume of 20 ml and initial ICP of 15 mmHg were recommended as conservative thresholds that are required for safe air travel among pneumocephalus patients. This study provides laboratory data that may be used by doctors to advise post-neurosurgical patients if they can safely fly.
Preliminary study of ultra-widefield peripheral retinal angiographic patterns in children and its association to the perinatal condition
Authors: Kim Jin Young , Choi Mi Young , Seo Eoi Jong , Lee Seungheon , Kim Ji Soo , Chae Ju Byung , Kim Dong Yoon , Kim June-Gone 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis preliminary study analyzed the peripheral retinal vascular pattern in children, using ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography, and its association with perinatal conditions. Retrospective review was conducted examining the fluorescein angiographic findings of children with amblyopia (January 2017 to December 2018). We categorized the peripheral vascular patterns into two groups: loop and branching patterns. We investigated differences in these patterns, according to the perinatal condition. Thirty children (9.27 ± 3.41 years old; 47.67% male) were included. An equal number of children had the loop or branching pattern (15:15). The gestational age (GA) in the loop group was significantly shorter than the branching group (32.92 ± 5.62 vs. 36.67 ± 5.63 weeks, p = 0.04). The birth weight of the loop group was significantly lower than the branching group (2.00 ± 1.03 vs. 2.72 ± 0.93 kg, p = 0.03). Gender, age, delivery-type, and visual acuity, were not different between the groups. Lower birth weight and shorter GA were observed in children with the loop pattern. The difference in peripheral retinal vascular patterns, according to birth weight and GA, might be due to the development of immature retinal vessels at birth.
Polyaniline/Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide nanocomposite fluorescent sensor for recognition of chromium (VI) ions
Authors: Ebrahim Shaker , Shokry Azza , Khalil M. M. A. , Ibrahim Hesham , Soliman Moataz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSelective determination of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a stringent important due to its huge negative impact on the health and environment. Recently, the high sensitivity, rapidness, and cost-effectiveness of the fluorescent sensors for Cr(VI) have been developed. A fluorescent nanocomposite (NC) has been synthesized based on doped polyaniline (PANI), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPSA) capped Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and graphene oxide (GO) quantum dots (QDs) via in situ reaction for highly selective sensing of Cr(VI) ions based on the luminescent quenching in the range from 0.01 to 7.5 mg/L. This NC showed an emission peak at 348 nm with a linear range from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/L and the low limit of detection (LOD) was 0.0065 mg/L (~ 6 µg/L). PANI/Ag (AMPSA) GO QDs NC displayed high selectivity for Cr(VI) over other common metal ions. Notably, the PANI/Ag (AMPSA) GO QDs NC can be used for distinguishing Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in solutions. The sensitive determination of Cr(VI) in real surface water samples was also confirmed and demonstrated recoveries in the range 95.3–99.2%. This NC will emerge as a new class of fluorescence materials that could be suitable for practical applications.
Strategies for Increasing Counseling Competencies Among Audiology Graduate Clinicians: A Viewpoint
Authors: Whicker John J. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This article aimed to review and discuss relevant literature regarding counseling training strategies among audiology graduate clinicians.

Conclusions
From the literature, five studies have explored the effectiveness of specific counseling training strategies among audiology graduate clinicians. Evidence regarding the strength of the training strategies used is minimal, and future research is warranted to define counseling in audiology in a way that is tangible and measurable.
The Effects of Word Frequency and Word Probability on Speech Rhythm in Dysarthria
Authors: Eijk Lotte , Fletcher Annalise , McAuliffe Megan , Janse Esther 
Published: August 2020

PurposeIn healthy speakers, the more frequent and probable a word is in its context, the shorter the word tends to be. This study investigated whether these probabilistic effects were similarly sized for speakers with dysarthria of different severities.MethodFifty-six speakers of New Zealand English (42 speakers with dysarthria and 14 healthy speakers) were recorded reading the Grandfather Passage. Measurements of word duration, frequency, and transitional word probability were taken.ResultsAs hypothesized, words with a higher frequency and probability tended to be shorter in duration. There was also a significant interaction between word frequency and speech severity. This indicated that the more severe the dysarthria, the smaller the effects of word frequency on speakers' word durations. Transitional word probability also interacted with speech severity, but did not account for significant unique variance in the full model.ConclusionsThese results suggest that, as the severity of dysarthria increases, the duration of words is less affected by probabilistic variables. These findings may be due to reductions in the control and execution of muscle movement exhibited by speakers with dysarthria.
Longitudinal Growth in Intelligibility of Connected Speech From 2 to 8 Years in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Novel Bayesian Approach
Authors: Mahr Tristan J. , Rathouz Paul J. , Hustad Katherine C. 
Published: August 2020

Aim
The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal growth in intelligibility in connected speech from 2 to 8 years of age in children with cerebral palsy.

Method
Sixty-five children with cerebral palsy participated in the longitudinal study. Children were classified into speech-language profile groups using age-4 data: no speech motor impairment (SMI), SMI with typical language comprehension, and SMI with impaired language comprehension. We fit a Bayesian nonlinear mixed-effects model of intelligibility growth at the child and group levels. We compared groups by age of steepest growth, maximum growth rate, and predicted intelligibility at 8 years of age.

Results
The no SMI group showed earlier and steeper intelligibility growth and higher average outcomes compared to the SMI groups. The SMI groups had more variable growth trajectories, but the SMI with typical language comprehension group had higher age-8 outcomes and steeper rates of maximum growth than the SMI with impaired language comprehension group. Language comprehension impairment at age of 4 years predicted lower intelligibility outcomes at age of 8 years, compared to typical language at age of 4 years.

Interpretation
Children with SMI at age of 4 years show highly variable intelligibility growth trajectories, and comorbid language comprehension impairment predicts lower intelligibility outcomes.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12777659
Occurrence rate of exoplanets orbiting ultracool dwarfs as probed by K2
Authors: Sestovic Marko , Demory Brice-Olivier 
Published: August 2020

Context. With the discovery of a planetary system around the ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1, there has been a surge of interest in such stars as potential planet hosts. Planetary systems around ultracool dwarfs represent our best chance of characterising temperate rocky-planet atmospheres with the James Webb Space Telescope. However, TRAPPIST-1 remains the only known system of its kind and the occurrence rate of planets around ultracool dwarfs is still poorly constrained.
Aims. We seek to perform a complete transit search on the ultracool dwarfs observed by NASA’s K2 mission, and use the results to constrain the occurrence rate of planets around these stars.
Methods. We filter and characterise the sample of ultracool dwarfs observed by K2 by fitting their spectral energy distributions and using parallaxes from Gaia. We build an automatic pipeline to perform photometry, detrend the light curves, and search for transit signals. Using extensive injection-recovery tests of our pipeline, we compute the detection sensitivity of our search, and thus the completeness of our sample. We infer the planetary occurrence rates within a hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM) to treat uncertain planetary parameters. With the occurrence rate parametrised by a step-wise function, we present a convenient way to directly marginalise over the second level of our HBM (the planetary parameters). Our method is applicable generally and can greatly speed up inference with larger catalogues of detected planets.
Results. We detect one planet in our sample of 702 ultracool dwarfs: a previously validated mini-Neptune. We thus infer a mini-Neptune (2−4 R⊕) occurrence rate of η = 0.20−0.11+0.16 within orbital periods of 1−20 days. For super-Earths (1−2 R⊕) and ice or gas giants (4−6 R⊕) within 1−20 days, we place 95% credible intervals of η < 1.14 and η < 0.29, respectively. If TRAPPIST-1-like systems were ubiquitous, we would have a ~96% chance of finding at least one.
Der Notarzt in der praktischen Ausbildung und Prüfung
Authors: Flentje Markus , Eismann Hendrik 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Herausforderung des Notarztes kann nicht auf die Durchführung medizinischer Maßnahmen am Patienten reduziert werden. Der Notarzt wirkt auch als Experte in der Ausbildung von medizinischem Nachwuchspersonal mit. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den didaktischen Hintergründen zu Ausbildung und Prüfung und ermöglicht es dem Notarzt, diesen Aufgaben professionell gerecht zu werden. Dies kann zu einer höheren Effizienz und Zufriedenheit bei Ausbilder und Auszubildenden führen.
Stärkung der immunologischen Abwehr durch Kneipp’sche Hydrotherapie und Sauna
Authors: Brenke Rainer 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungGrippale Infekte werden durch Kälte, Trockenheit, Immundefekte, schlechte Durchblutung und fehlende Abhärtung begünstigt. Gerade in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie steigt in der Bevölkerung wieder das Interesse an der Reduzierung der eigenen Infektanfälligkeit – Abhärtung soll die Gesundheit stabilisieren. Studien zeigen, dass thermische Reize zur Stärkung des Immunsystems am effektivsten sind. Der wichtigste Effekt der Abhärtung ist eine verbesserte Durchblutungsregulation von Haut und Schleimhäuten, denn für die Abwehr von Atemwegsinfektionen ist eine intakte Schleimhautbarriere entscheidend. Am besten untersucht ist hierbei der Gang in die Sauna: Die Funktion des Flimmerepithels wird durch Saunieren verbessert und es gibt einen direkten thermischen Effekt auf die Viren. Die Befunde mehren sich, dass auch Kälte einen positiven Einfluss auf das Immunsystem hat. Kaltreize verbessern immunologische Parameter im Blut. Analog der Ordnungstherapie nach Kneipp führt die Hydrotherapie auch zu sekundären Vorteilen der Stärkung der Immunabwehr.