bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorafenib is more effective in the treatment of TACE-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma than hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Shufeng , Tang Shasha , Pan Long , Cai XiuJun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Currently, several studies have compared the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and sorafenib in the treatment of TACE-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the conclusion is inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of sorafenib and HAIC in patients with TACE-refractory HCC.Methods Multi-databases were searched to identify relevant studies published from inception to March 2020. The quality evaluation and data extraction were carried out for the selected articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data was analyzed using STATA16.Results Five studies with 583 patients were included. Although the objective response rate in the HAIC group was significantly higher than that in the sorafenib group (RR = 3.08, 95%CI [1.38, 6.87], p=0.006), the overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter than that in the patients receiving sorafenib treatment (HR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.09, 2.62], p=0.018). Progression-free survival (HR = 1.21, 95% CI [0.76, 1.92], p=0.426) and disease control rate (RR = 0.94, 95% CI [0.60, 1.48], p=0.798) were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion Compared with HAIC, patients with TACE- refractory HCC in the sorafenib group can obtain significantly longer OS. Sorafenib may be more suitable for the treatment of patients with TACE-refractory HCC. High-quality evidence is needed.
The average copy number variation (CNVA) of chromosome fragments is a potential surrogate marker for TMB in predicting responses to immunotherapy in Non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lei Yuan yuan , Zhang Guo chao , Zhang Chao qi , xue li yan , Yang Zhen lin , Lu Zhi liang , Huang Jian bing , Zang Ruo chuan , Che Yun , Mao Shuang shuang , Fang Ling ling , liu cheng ming , Wang Xin feng , Zheng Su fei , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Genomic instability plays a large role in the process of cancer. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is closely related to immunotherapy outcome and is an important manifestation of genomic instability. However, the cost of TMB detection is extremely high, which limits the use of TMB in clinical practice. Another new indicator of genome instability, CNVA (the average copy number variation) which calculates the changes of 0.5 Mb chromosomal fragments, requires extremely low sequencing depth, and is expected to replace TMB as a new marker of immune efficacy.Methods: A total of 50 samples (23 of which came from patients who received immunotherapy) were subjected to low-depth (10X) chromosome sequencing on the MGI platform. CNVA was calculated by the formula avg (abs (copy number-2)). Then, we analyzed the relationship between CNVA and immune infiltration or immunotherapy efficacy. In addition, through the analysis of whole genome sequencing data of 509 lung adenocarcinoma in the TCGA database, we compared CNVA with classic marker TMB to evaluate the value of CNVA as an immune evaluation index.Results: Compared with the low CNVA group, the high CNVA group had higher expression of PD-L1, CD39 and CD19, and more infiltration of CD8 + T cells and CD3 + T cells. Among the 23 patients treated with immunotherapy, the average CNVA value of the SD (stable disease)/PR (partial response) group was higher than that of the PD (progressive disease) group (P <0.05). The data of whole genome sequencing data of 509 lung adenocarcinomas from TCGA and real-time quantitative PCR results of 22 frozen specimens found that CNVA was more correlated with CD8 and PD-L1 than TMB. In addition, CNVA showed a specific positive correlation with TMB (r = 0.2728, p < 0.0001).Conclusion: CNVA can be a good indicator of immune infiltration and predicting immunotherapy efficacy. With its low cost and potential clinical application for testing, it is expected to become a substitute for TMB.
Deep Neural Network Based Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis of Bone Scintigraphy for Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Zhao Zhen , Pi Yong , Jiang Lisha , Xiang Yongzhao , Wei Jianan , Yang Pei , Zhang Wenjie , Zhong Xiao , Zhou Ke , Li Yuhao , Li Lin , Zhang Yi , Cai Huawei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Bone scintigraphy (BS) is one of the most frequently utilized diagnostic techniques in detection of cancer bone metastasis, and it occupies great workload for nuclear physicians. So we aim to architecture an automatic image interpreting system to assist physicians for diagnosis.Methods: We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on a deep neural network with 12222 cases of 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy, and evaluated its diagnostic performance of bone metastases.Results: This AI model demonstrated diagnostic performance by areas under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was 0.988 for breast cancer, 0.955 for prostate cancer, 0.957 for lung cancer, and 0.971 for other cancers. Applying this AI model to a new dataset of 400 BS cases, it represented comparable performance to that of human physicians in individually classifying bone metastasis. Further AI-consulting interpretation also improved human diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy.Conclusion: In total, this AI model performed valuable benefit for nuclear physicians in timely and accurate evaluation of cancer bone metastases.
Mortality and its Predictors among children on Antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia: A systematic review and Meta –analysis
Authors: Aynalem Yared Asmare , Ketema Hilina , Akalu Tadesse Yirga , Gonie Alemayehu , Dessie Getnet , Endalamaw Aklilu , Getaneh Kenean , Beletew Biruk , Yitbarek Getachew Yideg , Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: It is well known that antiretroviral therapy (ART) decrease the progress of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related morbidity and mortality and helps the progress towards achieving the United Nations Program on HIV/ AIDS(UNAIDS) treatment goals. Despite this, mortality in Ethiopia becomes public health concern, and variance is observed across studies. With this gap, there is no pooled estimate. Thus, the goal of this study was to assess the pooled mortality and its predictors among antiretroviral treated HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were used to search articles. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa quality assessment scale. The funnel plot and Egger's test were performed to confirm the presence of publication bias. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated using the I2 statistic. The pooled incidence rate and its predictors were estimated using a weighted inverse variance random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Results: In this review, 12 studies with the cohort size of 4,935 were included. The overall incidence of mortality rate was 6.02 (95% CI: 3.7, 8.2) per 100 person-years. A higher incidence of mortality was observed (12.51% (95%CI: 0.32, 24.7)) in south nation nationality and Peoples (SNNP) on subgroup analysis. Being advanced world health organization(WHO) clinical stage (AHR:5.34( 95% CI: 3.1,9.2.6)), lower CD4 cell count (AHR :2.46 (95 %CI: 1.8, 3.2)), anemia (AHR :2.76 (95% CI: 1.9,3.9)), and nutritional status (AHR :1.9 (95%CI: 1.3, 2.6)) were major predictors of mortality. In contrast, cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) (AHR: 0.34, (95% CI 0.05, 0.63)) reduced mortality.Conclusions: In Ethiopia, the incidence of mortality was high. Lower CD4 cell count, anemia, WHO clinical staging (III/IV), and undernutrition were the contributing factors. But cotrimoxazole preventive therapy had a high effect on mortality reduction. Therefore, an earlier management would be started before advancing signs of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) regardless of WHO staging, CD4 cell level, and nutritional status.
Management strategy of Corona Virus Disease-2019 in quarantine zones outside hospitals: Analysis of 1232 cases from a district in Wuhan
Authors: Zhu Xiaojian , Wang Jue , Wang Hao , Tang Yutong , Zhou Shu , Zhang Yuxiao , Wang Lianzhen , Liu Shengxin , Zhang Yanmin , Liu Wen , Fu Wenlan , Cai Yuanping , Tao Yu , Liu Fang , Zhou Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a global pandemic in the early 2020. Management strategy outside hospitals of the suspected cases, close contacts and discharged patients might be as important as treatment in hospital. We analyzed information from 1232 cases at 14 hotels (requisitioned as quarantine zones) in Qiaokou district, Wuhan during Feb 8th to Mar 4th 2020. Abide by the unquarantine and hospitalization standard, 603 (48.94%) cases were released from quarantine zones; 540 (43.83%) cases were sent to hospital for further medical care. 89 (7.22%) cases remained on quarantine up to the end of the analysis. The reasons for cases sent to the hospital for treatment were either positive for COVID-19 nucleic acid test, progression in pulmonary CT scan, or aggravation of symptoms. 11/59 patients switched from negative to positive for nucleic acid test during stayed in quarantine zones after being discharged from the hospitals. In total, hospitalization and positive rate for COVID-19 nucleic acid test both decreased over time. The quarantine measures were important and played a pivotal role in identification of cardinal number, cutting off the transmission, reducing the scope of prevention and rehabilitation therapy. This protocol adopted in Wuhan provided countries worldwide with valuable experience.
Risk Factors for Non-invasive Ventilation Failure in Influenza Infection with Acute Respiratory Failure in Emergency Department
Authors: Suttapanit Karn , Boriboon Jeeranun , Sanguanwit Pitsucha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNon-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been widely used in hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to influenza pneumonia in emergency department (ED). However, the benefit of NIV in decreasing intubation rate remains controversial. Previous studies have reported that prolonged use of NIV was associated with increased mortality. Our study aims to identify risk factors for NIV failure in influenza infection with acute respiratory failure in ED.MethodWe perform a retrospective cohort observational study. Enrolled patients older than 18 years who used NIV due to influenza infection with ARF between 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018 in Ramathibodi Emergency Department. Patients characteristics, comorbidity, clinical and laboratory outcome, chest imaging, NIV setting and parameter were recorded. We follow the outcome success or failure of the NIV used.Results162 patients were enrolled, 72 (44%) suffered NIV failure in influenza infection with ARF. We used univariate and multivariate logistic analyses to assess risk factors for NIV failure. The ability of risk factor to predict NIV failure was analyzed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC). Risk factors of NIV failure included sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (P = 0.001), PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio (P = 0.001) and quadrant infiltrations in chest x-rays (CXR) (P = 0.001). SOFA score, PF ratio and number quadrant infiltrations in chest radiography have good ability to predict NIV failure, AUROC 0.894 (0.839 - 0.948), 0.828 (0.764 - 0.892) and 0.792 (0.721 – 0.863), respectively and no significant difference in the ability to predict NIV failure between three parameters. Use of PF ratio plus number quadrant infiltrations in chest radiography demonstrated higher predictive ability for NIV failure in influenza infection with ARF.ConclusionsSOFA score, PF ratio and quadrant infiltrations in chest radiography were good predictors of NIV failure in influenza infection with ARF.
Epidemiological,clinical and radiological findings in medical staff with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Jie , Ouyang Liu , Guo Pi , Wu Haisheng , Fu Peng , Chen Yuliang , Yang Dan , Han Xiaoyu , Cao Yukun , Alwalid Osamah , Wu Hanping , Shi Heshui , Yang Fan , Hu Yu , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds In December 2019, a pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) emerged in Wuhan city, China. As of 20 Feb 2020, a total of 2,055 medical staff infected with SARS-Cov-2 in China had been reported. The predominant cause of the infection and the failure of protection among medical staff remains unclear. We sought to explore the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and prognosis of novel coronavirus-infected medical staff.Methods Medical staff who infected with SARS-Cov-2 and admitted to Union Hospital, Wuhan between 16 Jan, 2020 to 25 Feb, 2020 were included retrospectively. Epidemiological, clinical and radiological data were compared by occupation and analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods.Results A total of 101 medical staff (32 males and 69 females; median age: 33 years old) were included in this study and 74% were nurses. None had an exposure to Huanan seafood wholesale market or wildlife. A small proportion of the cohort had contact with specimens (3%) as well as patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 in fever clinics (15%) and isolation wards (3%). 80% of medical staff showed abnormal IL-6 levels and 33% had lymphocytopenia. Chest CT mainly manifested as bilateral (62%), septal/subpleural (77%) and ground­glass opacities (48%). The major differences between doctors and nurses manifested in laboratory indicators. As of the last observed date, no patient was transferred to intensive care unit or died, and 98 (97%) had been discharged. Fever (HR=0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.90) and IL-6 levels greater than >2.9 pg/ml (HR=0.50; 95% CI 0.30-0.86) on admission were unfavorable factors for discharge.Conclusions Our findings suggested that the infection of medical staff mainly occurred at the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Wuhan, and only a small proportion of infection had an exact mode. Meanwhile, medical staff infected with COVID-19 have relatively milder symptoms and favorable clinical course than other ordinary patients, which may be partly due to their medical expertise, younger age and less underlying diseases. The potential risk factors of presence of fever and IL-6 levels greater than >2.9 pg/ml could help to identify medical staff with poor prognosis at an early stage.
Association of relapse-linked ARID5B single nucleotide polymorphisms with drug resistance in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines
Authors: TAMAI MINORI , Huang Meixian , Kagami Keiko , Abe Masako , Shinohara Tamao , Harama Daisuke , Watanabe Atsushi , Akahane Koshi , Goi Kumiko , Sugita Kanji , Goto Hiroaki , Minegishi Masayoshi , Iwamoto Shotaro , Inukai Takeshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The genetic variants of the ARID5B gene have recently been reported to be associated with disease susceptibility and treatment outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, few studies have explored the association of ARID5B with sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents. Methods We genotyped susceptibility-linked rs7923074 and rs10821936 as well as relapse-linked rs4948488, rs2893881, and rs6479778 of ARDI5B by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in 72 B-cell precursor-ALL (BCP-ALL) cell lines established from Japanese patients. We also quantified their ARID5B expression levels by real-time reverse transcription PCR, and determined their 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values by alamarBlue assays in nine representative chemotherapeutic agents used for ALL treatment. Results No significant associations were observed in genotypes of the susceptibility-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the relapsed-linked SNPs with ARID5B gene expression levels. Of note, IC50 values of vincristine (VCR) (median IC50: 39.6 ng/ml) in 12 cell lines with homozygous genotype of risk allele (C) in the relapse-linked rs4948488 were significantly higher (p=0.031 in Mann–Whitney U test) than those (1.04 ng/ml) in 60 cell lines with heterozygous or homozygous genotypes of the non-risk allele (T). Furthermore, the IC50 values of mafosfamide [Maf; active metabolite of cyclophosphamide (CY)] and cytarabine (AraC) tended to be associated with the genotype of rs4948488. Similar associations were observed in genotypes of the relapse-linked rs2893881 and rs6479778, but not in those of the susceptibility-linked rs7923074 and rs10821936. In addition, the IC50 values of methotrexate (MTX) were significantly higher (p=0.023) in 36 cell lines with lower ARID5B gene expression (median IC50: 37.1 ng/ml) than those in the other 36 cell lines with higher expression (16.9 ng/ml). Conclusion These observations in 72 BCP-ALL cell lines suggested that the risk allele of the relapse-linked SNPs of ARID5B may be involved in a higher relapse rate because of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as VCR, CY, and AraC. In addition, lower ARID5B gene expression may be associated with MTX resistance.
Peptidome Analysis of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell (hUC-MSC) Conditioned Medium from Preterm and Term Infants
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Lin , Wu Yun , Zhu Rongping , Wang Yan , Cao Yan , Long Wei , Ji Chenbo , Wang Huaiyan , You Lianghui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background : The therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely confirmed in several animal models of premature infant diseases. Micromolecule peptides have shown promise for the treatment of premature infant diseases. However, the potential role of peptides secreted from MSCs has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to broaden the knowledge of the hUC-MSC secretome at the peptide level through peptidomic profile analysis.

Methods : We used tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling technology followed by tandem mass spectrometry to compare the peptidomic profile of preterm and term umbilical cord MSC (hUC-MSC) conditioned medium (CM). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were conducted to explore the differentially expressed peptides by predicting the functions of their precursor proteins. And we investigated the effects of differentially expressed peptides on human lung epithelial cells stimulated by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ).

Results : A total of 131 peptides derived from 106 precursor proteins were differentially expressed in the preterm hUC-MSC CM compared with the term group, comprising 37 up-regulated peptides and 94 down-regulated peptides. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed peptides may be associated with developmental disorders, inflammatory response and organismal injury. We also found that two differentially expressed peptides reduced the levels of TNFα and IL 1β mRNA in H 2 O 2 -treated human lung epithelial cells.

Conclusions : In summary, this study provides further secretomics information on hUC-MSCs and provides a series of peptides that might have roles in premature infant diseases, which may be helpful for prevention and treatment.
A 16-CpG-based Prognostic Signature for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Shuo , Wang Yan , Zhang Lin , Xu Mingyue , Wang Boxue , Su Yinan , Zhang Xipeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To develop a CpG-based prognostic prediction model to provide survival risk prediction for colorectal cancer. Differential methylation analysis was performed on 309 colorectal cancer and 38 adjacent cancer specimens from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results: 2113 hypermethylation sites as well as 723 hypomethylation sites were screened out and 16 related CpG methylation loci were further identified. The risk score was calculated based on the methylation sites identified and utilized as an independent prognostic variable for multivariate Cox regression prediction model, which was further optimized by the independent prognostic factors (including stage and risk score). Conclusion: This study has identified several potential prognostic biomarkers and established a CpG-based prognostic prediction model for colorectal cancer, which provides a valuable reference for future clinical research.
Artificial Intelligence for Good Health: A Scoping Review of the Ethics Literature
Authors: Murphy Kathleen , Ruggiero Erica Di , Upshur Ross , Willison Donald J. , Malhotra Neha , Cai Jia Ce , Malhotra Nakul , Lui Vincci , Gibson Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as the “fourth industrial revolution” with transformative and global implications, including in healthcare, public health, and global health. AI approaches hold promise for improving health systems worldwide, as well as individual and population health outcomes. While AI may have the potential to advance health equity within and between countries, we must consider the ethical implications of its deployment in order to mitigate its potential harms, particularly for the most vulnerable. This scoping review addresses the following question: What ethical issues have been identified in relation to AI in the field of health, including from a global health perspective? Methods Eight electronic databases were searched for peer reviewed and grey literature using the overarching concepts of health, ethics, and AI, and their related terms. Records were independently screened by two reviewers and were included if they reported on AI in relation to health and ethics and were written in the English language. Data was charted on a piloted data abstraction form, and a descriptive and thematic analysis was performed. Results Upon reviewing 12,722 articles, 103 met the predetermined inclusion criteria. The literature was primarily focused on the ethics of AI in health care, particularly on carer robots, diagnostics, and precision medicine, but was largely silent on ethics of AI in public and population health. The literature highlighted a number of common ethical concerns related to privacy, trust, accountability, and bias. Largely missing from the reviewed literature was the ethics of AI in global health, particularly in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusions The ethical issues surrounding AI in the field of health are both vast and complex. While AI holds the potential to improve health and health systems, our analysis suggests that its introduction should be approached with cautious optimism. The dearth of literature on the ethics of AI within LMICs, as well as in public health, also points to a critical need for further research into the ethical implications of AI within both global and public health, to ensure that its development and implementation is ethical for everyone, everywhere.