bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and behavioural responses of moose to hunting with dogs
Authors: Græsli Anne Randi , Le Grand Luc , Thiel Alexandra , Fuchs Boris , Devineau Olivier , Stenbacka Fredrik , Neumann Wiebke , Ericsson Göran , Singh Navinder J , Laske Timothy G , Beumer Larissa T , Arnemo Jon M , Evans Alina L 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOptimal management of hunted species requires an understanding of the impacts of hunting on both individual animal and population levels. Recent technological advancements in biologging enable us to obtain increasingly detailed information from free-ranging animals, covering longer periods of time, and providing the data needed to assess such impacts. In Sweden, more than 80 000 moose are harvested annually, mostly hunted with the use of baying dogs. The effects of this hunting method on animal welfare and stress are understudied. Here, we evaluated 6 real and 17 experimental hunting approaches with baying dogs [wearing global positioning system (GPS) collars] on 8 adult female moose equipped with ruminal temperature loggers, subcutaneous heart rate (HR) loggers and GPS collars with accelerometers. The obtained data were used to analyse the behavioural and physiological responses of moose to hunting with dogs. Successful experimental approaches (moose and dog were within 240 m for &gt;10 min) resulted in higher maximum body temperature (Tb, 0.88°C higher) and a mean increase in HR of 24 bpm in moose at the day of the approach compared to the day after. The moose rested on average &gt;90 min longer the day after the approach compared to the day of the approach. The moose travelled on average 4.2 km longer and had a 1.3 m/s higher maximum speed the day of the approach compared to the day after. Our results demonstrate that hunting with dogs increase moose energy expenditure and resting time (and consequently decrease time available for foraging) on an individual level. This could possibly affect body condition and reproduction rates if the hunting disturbances occur frequently.
Eosinophilic heart disease: diagnostic and prognostic assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Antonopoulos Alexios S , Azzu Alessia , Androulakis Emmanuel , Tanking Chonthicha , Papagkikas Panagiotis , Mohiaddin Raad H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
Eosinophilic heart disease (EHD) is a rare cardiac condition with a wide spectrum of phenotypes. The diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in EHD remains unknown.

Methods and results
This was a retrospective analysis of 250 patients with eosinophilia referred for a CMR scan (period 2000–2020). CMR data sets and clinical/laboratory data were collected. Patients were followed up for a mean of 24 months (range 1–224) for the composite endpoint of death, acute coronary syndrome, hospitalization for acute heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, or the need for implantable cardiac defibrillator/pacemaker. The main objectives were to explore the diagnostic value of CMR in EHD; relationships between cardiac function, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and EHD phenotypes; and the prognostic value of fibrosis and oedema by CMR. The prevalence of findings compatible with EHD was 39% (patients with cardiac symptoms: 57% vs. screening: 20%, P &lt; 0.001). EHD phenotypes included subendocardial LGE (n = 58), mid-wall/subepicardial LGE (n = 26), pericarditis (n = 5) or dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 8). Myocardial oedema was present in 10% of patients. Intracardiac thrombi (7%) were associated with EHD phenotype (χ2=47.3, P = 1.3×10−8). LGE extent correlated with LVEDVi (rho = 0.268, P = 5.3×10−5) and LVEF (rho=−0.415, P = 8.6×10−11). A CMR scan positive for EHD [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82–17.89, P = 0.0026] or a subendocardial LGE pattern (HR = 5.13, 95% CI: 1.29–20.38, P = 0.020) were independently associated with the composite clinical endpoint.

Conclusion
The diagnostic yield of CMR screening in patients with persistent eosinophilia, even if asymptomatic, is high. The extent of subendocardial fibrosis correlates with LV remodelling and independently predicts clinical outcomes in patients with eosinophilia.
EU transfers and euroscepticism: can’t buy me love?
Authors: Borin Alessandro , Macchi Elisa , Mancini Michele 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
The future of an institution, such as the European Union, ultimately depends on people’s support. This paper investigates whether EU redistributive policies have improved public attitudes towards European integration, both in terms of public opinion and political preferences. We focus on Cohesion Policy funds, whose allocation allows us to single out these effects by means of a regression discontinuity approach. The results show that EU transfers have mitigated the rise of Eurosceptical attitudes and reduced political consensus for anti-EU parties. The effects are homogeneous across different socio-economic groups, including the most disadvantaged ones. The improvement in public support for the EU does not appear to be exclusively a spillover of the positive economic effect of funding; we show evidence suggesting the existence of a ‘reciprocity-effect’ channel, that is, citizens in recipient regions recognize the beneficial role of the EU as the source of funding.
Health outcomes, personality traits and eating disorders
Authors: Ham John C , Iorio Daniela , Sovinsky Michelle 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a detrimental persistent eating disorder that impacts millions of women, and imposes serious costs on the economy in terms of physical health, treatment costs, absence from work and reduced human capital accumulation. One important issue in treating BN is that it is often undiagnosed, especially among disadvantaged girls. The failures to diagnose BN occur, in part, because many cases of BN are unobservable to others, and asking girls about their bingeing and purging behaviour can be considered invasive. Using data on eating disorder behaviours from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study, we show that information on a girl’s personality traits, along with information on her family’s socioeconomic status (SES), can be used to impute the unobservable BN behaviour. In particular, we find that personality traits are significant determinants of bulimic behaviour, even after controlling for SES. These results suggest a way to target those who are likely to suffer from BN based on identifiable personality traits. Given the costs involved in BN, and the number of individuals affected, our research suggests a practical direction for public health policy to reduce the number of undiagnosed cases.
Who does or does not use the ‘Corona-Warn-App’ and why?
Authors: Horstmann Kai T , Buecker Susanne , Krasko Julia , Kritzler Sarah , Terwiel Sophia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the German government released the ‘Corona-Warn-App’, a smartphone application that warns users if they have come into contact with other users tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Since using the ‘Corona-Warn-App’ is health-relevant behavior, it is essential to understand who is (and who is not) using it and why. In N = 1972 German adults, we found that non-users were on average older, female, healthier, in training and had low general trust in others. The most frequently named reasons by non-users were privacy concerns, doubts about the effectiveness of the app and lack of technical equipment.
Healthy Aging Interventions Reduce Repetitive Element Transcripts
Authors: Wahl Devin , Cavalier Alyssa N , Smith Meghan , Seals Douglas R , LaRocca Thomas J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transcripts from noncoding repetitive elements (REs) in the genome may be involved in aging. However, they are often ignored in transcriptome studies on healthspan and lifespan, and their role in healthy aging interventions has not been characterized. Here, we analyze REs in RNA-seq datasets from mice subjected to robust healthspan- and lifespan-increasing interventions including calorie restriction, rapamycin, acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and Protandim. We also examine RE transcripts in long-lived transgenic mice, and in mice subjected to a high-fat diet, and we use RNA-seq to investigate the influence of aerobic exercise on RE transcripts with aging in humans. We find that (a) healthy aging interventions/behaviors globally reduce RE transcripts, whereas aging and high-fat diet (an age-accelerating treatment) increase RE expression; and (b) reduced RE expression with healthy aging interventions is associated with biological/physiological processes mechanistically linked with aging. Our results suggest that RE transcript dysregulation and suppression are likely novel mechanisms underlying aging and healthy aging interventions, respectively.
Why an increase in activity of an enzyme in the Calvin–Benson cycle does not always lead to an increased photosynthetic CO2 uptake rate?—a theoretical analysis
Authors: Zhao Honglong , Tang Qiming , Chang Tiangen , Xiao Yi , Zhu Xin-Guang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOverexpressing Calvin–Benson cycle (CBC) enzyme shown to limit the flow of CO2 through the cycle is a major approach to improve photosynthesis. Though control coefficients of CBC enzymes vary under different environmental and developmental conditions, it is usually implicitly assumed that enzymes in the CBC have a monotonic impact on the CBC fluxes. Here, with a dynamic systems model of the photosynthetic carbon metabolism, we show that, for glycerate-3-phosphate kinase (PGAK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) and transketolase (TKa), individually increasing activity of these CBC enzymes theoretically leads to an initial increase then decrease in the fluxes through the CBC. Also, the inhibition constants of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) for PGAK and of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) for FBPase influence the CBC flux in a biphasic manner. These predicted enzymes showing a biphasic manner are always located in different subcycles of the CBC, which consume the shared substrates in the early steps in the CBC and produce intermediates used as substrates for enzymes in the later reactions. We show that the excessive increase in activities of enzymes in one subcycle consuming the shared metabolite could cause low concentrations of metabolites in the other subcycles, which results in low reaction rates of the later reactions and hence lowers overall CBC flux. This study provides a model to explain the underlying reasons that overexpression of enzymes in the CBC sometimes can negatively impact photosynthesis. We find that balanced activities of enzymes in the subcycles of the CBC are required to gain a higher efficiency of the CBC.
Option Prices and the Probability of Success of Cash Mergers
Authors: Bester C Alan , Martinez Victor H , Roşu Ioanid 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study both theoretically and empirically option prices on firms undergoing a cash merger offer. To estimate the merger’s success probability, we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method using a state space representation of our model. Our estimated probability measure has significant predictive power for the merger outcome even after controlling for variables used in the merger literature. As predicted by the model, a graph of the target firm’s implied volatility against the strike price has a kink at the offer price, and the kink’s magnitude is proportional to the merger’s success probability.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antibody Responses in Children With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Mild and Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth M , Diorio Caroline , Goodwin Eileen C , McNerney Kevin O , Weirick Madison E , Gouma Sigrid , Bolton Marcus J , Arevalo Claudia P , Chase Julie , Hicks Philip , Manzoni Tomaz B , Baxter Amy E , Andrea Kurt P , Burudpakdee Chakkapong , Lee Jessica H , Vella Laura A , Henrickson Sarah E , Harris Rebecca M , Wherry E John , Bates Paul , Bassiri Hamid , Behrens Edward M , Teachey David T , Hensley Scott E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody responses in children remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) possess higher SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers compared with those with severe coronavirus disease 2019, likely reflecting a longer time since the onset of infection in MIS-C patients.
Curbing the COVID-19 pandemic with facility-based isolation of mild cases: a mathematical modeling study
Authors: Chen Simiao , Chen Qiushi , Yang Juntao , Lin Lin , Li Linye , Jiao Lirui , Geldsetzer Pascal , Wang Chen , Wilder-Smith Annelies , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
In many countries, patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are told to self-isolate at home, but imperfect compliance and shared living space with uninfected people limit the effectiveness of home-based isolation. We examine the impact of facility-based isolation compared to self-isolation at home on the continuing epidemic in the USA.

Methods
We developed a compartment model to simulate the dynamic transmission of COVID-19 and calibrated it to key epidemic measures in the USA from March to September 2020. We simulated facility-based isolation strategies with various capacities and starting times under different diagnosis rates. Our primary model outcomes are new infections and deaths over 2 months from October 2020 onwards. In addition to national-level estimations, we explored the effects of facility-based isolation under different epidemic burdens in major US Census Regions. We performed sensitivity analyses by varying key model assumptions and parameters.

Results
We find that facility-based isolation with moderate capacity of 5 beds per 10 000 total population could avert 4.17 (95% credible interval 1.65–7.11) million new infections and 16 000 (8000–23 000) deaths in 2 months compared with home-based isolation. These results are equivalent to relative reductions of 57% (44–61%) in new infections and 37% (27–40%) in deaths. Facility-based isolation with high capacity of 10 beds per 10 000 population could achieve reductions of 76% (62–84%) in new infections and 52% (37–64%) in deaths when supported by expanded testing with an additional 20% daily diagnosis rate. Delays in implementation would substantially reduce the impact of facility-based isolation. The effective capacity and the impact of facility-based isolation varied by epidemic stage across regions.

Conclusion
Timely facility-based isolation for mild COVID-19 cases could substantially reduce the number of new infections and effectively curb the continuing epidemic in the USA. Local epidemic burdens should determine the scale of facility-based isolation strategies.
Digital ischaemia of the upper limbs in middle age: consider arterial thoracic outlet syndrome until proven otherwise!
Authors: Al-Jundi Wissam , Park WooSup Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Patients presenting with digital upper limb ischaemia are occasionally referred to rheumatology services to rule out vasculitis. We aimed to present two cases of delayed diagnosis of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (aTOS) in middle-aged patients presenting with digital ischaemia in order to raise awareness of this important pathology that requires timely surgical intervention.

Methods
Two cases of progressive ischaemia of the right upper extremity caused by primarily undiagnosed compression of the subclavian artery by an accessory cervical rib are presented. The case notes, radiological images, intra-operative and postoperative findings for both patients were reviewed. Patients were followed up after ≥6 months to assess prognosis.

Results
Both patients had a working diagnosis of Buerger’s disease and had been treated with prostaglandin infusions before establishment of the diagnosis of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome. Both patients were heavy smokers, and one patient had bilateral symptoms and a history of axial SpA and positive HLA-B27. Late presentation in one patient led to the loss of three fingers and the need for plastic reconstructive surgery after cervical rib resection and revascularization. In the other patient, surgical thrombectomy of the upper limb arteries along with resection of a cervical rib and repair of the subclavian artery with an interposition graft were necessitated to heal digital ulcers successfully.

Conclusion
A high index of suspicion of aTOS should be maintained in middle-aged patients presenting with digital or upper limb ischaemia even in the presence bilateral symptoms or relevant risk factors of other diagnoses, such as smoking or a positive rheumatological history.
Primary Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in Healthy Children in Saudi Arabia: A Single Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Zaki Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection presents typically with features of infectious mononucleosis (IM) but it may present with atypical symptoms. We aim to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of primary EBV infection in children in western Saudi Arabia.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the electronic data of all children who were admitted to the hospital and were tested for EBV-viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM in the period from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. All data of the children with positive EBV-VCA IgM were collected. Patients were divided into two groups; IM and the non-typical presentations groups.ResultsFort-two patients had positive EBV-VCA IgM; 71% had IM and 29% had non-typical presentations. IM was more common in early childhood (46.7%). The non-typical presentations were more in infants below 1 year (50%). Adolescents were less affected (6.7% and 16.7%, respectively). Time to diagnose EBV in the non-typical presentations group was longer than IM group; [3.4 (3.2–4.6) vs. 4.7 (4.1–5.5), p = 0.039]. The total leucocytes count was higher in the IM syndrome group compared to the non-typical presentation group [11 (10.3–17.7) vs. 5.5 (4.5–6.4), p &lt; 0.0001].ConclusionsPrimary EBV infection in healthy children in Saudi Arabia occurs more frequently in the younger age groups. IM syndrome occurs more frequently in early childhood. The non-typical presentation occurs more frequently in infants. While adolescents are less commonly affected by primary EBV.
Psychological and Behavioral Impact of Lockdown and Quarantine Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic on Children, Adolescents and Caregivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Panda Prateek Kumar , Gupta Juhi , Chowdhury Sayoni Roy , Kumar Rishi , Meena Ankit Kumar , Madaan Priyanka , Sharawat Indar Kumar , Gulati Sheffali 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring the current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, psychological problems like anxiety, depression, irritability, mood swings, inattention and sleep disturbance are fairly common among quarantined children in several studies. A systematic review of these publications to provide an accurate burden of these psychiatric/behavioral problems is needed for planning mitigating measures by the health authorities.MethodsDifferent electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, medRxiv and bioRxiv) were searched for articles describing psychological/behavioral complications in children/adolescents with/without pre-existing behavioral abnormalities and their caregivers related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Only original articles with/without comparator arms and a minimum sample size of 50 were included in the analysis. The pooled estimate of various psychological/behavioral problems was calculated using a random-effect meta-analysis.ResultsFifteen studies describing 22 996 children/adolescents fulfilled the eligibility criteria from a total of 219 records. Overall, 34.5%, 41.7%, 42.3% and 30.8% of children were found to be suffering from anxiety, depression, irritability and inattention. Although the behavior/psychological state of a total of 79.4% of children was affected negatively by the pandemic and quarantine, at least 22.5% of children had a significant fear of COVID-19, and 35.2% and 21.3% of children had boredom and sleep disturbance. Similarly, 52.3% and 27.4% of caregivers developed anxiety and depression, respectively, while being in isolation with children.ConclusionAnxiety, depression, irritability, boredom, inattention and fear of COVID-19 are predominant new-onset psychological problems in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children with pre-existing behavioral problems like autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have a high probability of worsening of their behavioral symptoms.
SPICEMIX: Integrative single-cell spatial modeling of cell identity
Authors: Chidester Benjamin , Zhou Tianming , Alam Shahul , Ma Jian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpatial transcriptomics technologies promise to reveal spatial relationships of cell-type composition in complex tissues. However, the development of computational methods that can utilize the unique properties of spatial transcriptome data to unveil cell identities remains a challenge. Here, we introduce SpiceMix, a new interpretable method based on probabilistic, latent variable modeling for effective joint analysis of spatial information and gene expression from spatial transcriptome data. Both simulation and real data evaluations demonstrate that SpiceMixmarkedly improves upon the inference of cell types and their spatial patterns compared with existing approaches. By applying to spatial transcriptome data of brain regions in human and mouse acquired by seqFISH+, STARmap, and Visium, we show that SpiceMixcan enhance the inference of complex cell identities, reveal interpretable spatial metagenes, and uncover differentiation trajectories. SpiceMixis a generalizable framework for analyzing spatial transcriptome data to provide critical insights into the cell type composition and spatial organization of cells in complex tissues.
An Optimized CRISPR/Cas9 Approach for Precise Genome Editing in Neurons
Authors: Fang Huaqiang , Bygrave Alexei M. , Roth Richard H. , Johnson Richard C. , Huganir Richard L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe efficient knock-in of large DNA fragments to label endogenous proteins remains especially challenging in non-dividing cells such as neurons. We developedTargetedKnock-In withTwo-guides (TKIT) as a novel CRISPR/Cas9 based approach for efficient, and precise, genomic knock-in. Through targeting non-coding regions TKIT is resistant to INDEL mutations. We demonstrate TKIT labelling of endogenous synaptic proteins with various tags, with efficiencies up to 42% in mouse primary cultured neurons. Utilizing in utero electroporation or viral injections in mice TKIT can label AMPAR subunits with Super Ecliptic pHluorin, enabling visualization of endogenous AMPARs in vivo using two-photon microscopy. We further use TKIT to assess the mobility of endogenous AMPARs using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Finally, we show that TKIT can be used to tag AMPARs in rat neurons, demonstrating precise genome editing in another model organism and highlighting the broad potential of TKIT as a method to visualize endogenous proteins.