bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of computational fluid dynamics models for the evaluation of salivary flow patterns and related bacterial accumulation around orthodontic brackets
Authors: Xue Jingyi , Zhu Ping , He Yifan , Li Qianli , Xu Yue 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectsTo simulate and compare salivary flow patterns over a tooth surface bonded with different orthodontic appliances using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and investigate the impact of bracket design on salivary flow in relation to peri‐bracket bacterial accumulation.Setting and Sample PopulationThe models were constructed using computed tomography (CT) data of 81 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment: 27 patients (10 males, 17 females) for the metal Victory MBT™ bracket; 27 patients (seven males, 20 females) for the ceramic Clarity MBT™ bracket; 27 patients (15 males, 12 females) for the Mini Uni‐Twin (MUT) bracket.MethodsThe salivary flow patterns were simulated by CFD and compared between the groups and the model predictions were validated using a bacteriological experiment.ResultsThe MUT bracket was associated with the greatest number of low salivary velocity areas, as it is designed with a connector between double tie wings and a right contact angle between tooth surface and bracket base. After archwire placement, the centred slot in the bracket and the bilateral sites around the bracket had higher bacterial retention and needed special oral hygiene measures. The obtuse contact angle of the ceramic bracket formed a pocket structure in the tie‐wing area, retarding salivary flow and contributing to bacteria retention.ConclusionWith the evaluation of CFD models, we demonstrate that salivary flow patterns over a tooth surface with a bracket vary with bracket designs and further promote bacterial retention in specific locations, suggesting the need for additional oral hygiene measures for specific bracket types.
Fluorescence staining vs. routine KOH smear for rapid diagnosis of oral candidiasis—A diagnostic test
Authors: Hu Lijun , Zhou Peiru , Zhao Weiwei , Hua Hong , Yan Zhimin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveA diagnostic test was designed to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of fluorescence staining with fluorescein‐labelled chitinase versus routine 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear for rapid diagnosis of oral candidiasis.MethodsIn total, 124 subjects with suspected oral candidiasis symptoms/signs were sequentially enrolled in this study. The diagnostic efficacy indexes (sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, predictive value, likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, diagnostic accuracy and area under the curve [AUC]) were compared between 10% KOH smear and fluorescence staining.ResultsThe sensitivity (85.48% vs. 64.52%) and specificity (91.94% vs. 72.58%) of fluorescence staining were higher than those of KOH smear. The AUC of fluorescence staining (0.887) was remarkably higher than that of 10% KOH smear (0.685), demonstrating that the diagnostic efficacy of fluorescence staining is significantly higher than that of KOH smear (p = .0005). Furthermore, fluorescence staining showed higher sensitivity than that of KOH smear (84.75% vs. 62.71%) in diagnosis of erythematous type oral candidiasis, which is the most common type and the type most challenging to differentially diagnose.ConclusionThe advantages of fluorescence staining with fluorescein‐labelled chitinase in rapid diagnosis of oral candidiasis and its ease of operation suggest its potential use in clinical practice.
Plin‐amiR, a pre‐microRNA‐based technology for controlling herbivorous insect pests
Authors: Bally Julia , Fishilevich Elane , Doran Rachel L. , Lee Karen , de Campos Samanta Bolzan , German Marcelo A. , Narva Kenneth E. , Waterhouse Peter M. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a major insect pest for a wide range of agricultural crops. It causes significant yield loss through feeding damage and by increasing the crop’s vulnerability to bacterial and fungal infections. Although expression of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in transgenic crops has been very successful in protecting against insect pests, including H. armigera, field‐evolved resistance has occurred in multiple species. To manage resistant populations, new protection strategies must be continuously developed. Trans‐kingdom RNA interference (TK‐RNAi) is a promising method for controlling herbivorous pests. TK‐RNAi is based on delivering dsRNA or hairpin RNA containing essential insect gene sequences to the feeding insect. The ingested molecules are processed by the insect’s RNAi machinery and guide it to silence the target genes. Recently, TK‐RNAi delivery has been enhanced by expressing the ds‐ or hpRNAs in the chloroplast. This compartmentalizes the duplexed RNA away from the plant’s RNAi machinery, ensuring that it is delivered in an unprocessed form to the insect. Here, we report another alternative approach for delivering precursor anti‐insect RNA in plants. Insect pre‐microRNA (pre‐miR) transcripts were modified to contain artificial microRNAs (amiRs), targeting insect genes, and expressed in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants. These modified pre‐miRs remained largely unprocessed in the plants, and H. armigera feeding on leaves from these plants had increased mortality, developmental abnormalities and delayed growth rates. This shows that plant‐expressed insect pre‐amiRs (plin‐amiRs) are a new strategy of protecting plants against herbivorous insects.
Diurnal patterns of growth and transient reserves of sink and source tissues are affected by cold nights in barley
Authors: Barros Kallyne A. , Esteves‐Ferreira Alberto A. , Inaba Masami , Meally Helena , Finnan John , Barth Susanne , Davis Seth J. , Sulpice Ronan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBarley is described to mostly use sucrose for night carbon requirements. To understand how the transient carbon is accumulated and utilized in response to cold, barley plants were grown in a combination of cold days and/or nights. Both daytime and night cold reduced growth. Sucrose was the main carbohydrate supplying growth at night, representing 50–60% of the carbon consumed. Under warm days and nights, starch was the second contributor with 26% and malate the third with 15%. Under cold nights, the contribution of starch was severely reduced, due to an inhibition of its synthesis, including under warm days, and malate was the second contributor to C requirements with 24–28% of the total amount of carbon consumed. We propose that malate plays a critical role as an alternative carbon source to sucrose and starch in barley. Hexoses, malate, and sucrose mobilization and starch accumulation were affected in barley elf3 clock mutants, suggesting a clock regulation of their metabolism, without affecting growth and photosynthesis however. Altogether, our data suggest that the mobilization of sucrose and malate and/or barley growth machinery are sensitive to cold.
Toceranib phosphate in the treatment of canine thyroid carcinoma: 42 cases (2009‐2018)
Authors: Sheppard‐Olivares Sabina , Bello Nora M. , Wood Elizabeth , Szivek Anna , Biller Barbara , Hocker Samuel , Wouda Raelene M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy in dogs. Thyroidectomy and radiation therapy control local disease, yet are not always feasible, and efficacious medical therapies need to be identified. Toceranib phosphate has been reported to provide clinical benefit (CB) in dogs with thyroid carcinoma, while its role in treatment‐naïve thyroid tumours has not been well‐described. The objective of this study was to describe the use of toceranib in the management of thyroid carcinomas in dogs in both the naïve‐disease and prior therapy‐ settings. A medical record search identified 42 dogs diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma and treated with toceranib, of which 26 and 16 dogs were in settings of naïve‐disease and after prior therapy, respectively. Twenty‐three (88.4%) and twelve (75%) dogs experienced CB in the naïve and prior therapy settings, respectively. The median [95% confidence interval] progression free interval (PFI) for dogs in the naïve and prior therapy settings were 206 [106,740] and 1015 [92,1015] days, respectively. The median overall survival time (OST) for dogs in the naïve and prior therapy settings were 563 [246,916] and 1082 [289,1894] days, respectively. Overall, the data provided no evidence for differences in overall PFI (P > .20) or OST (P= .15) between settings. However, when asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, dogs in the naïve setting showed poorer survival prognosis (estimated hazard ratio 17.2 [1.8, 163]) relative to dogs in the prior therapy setting. This study characterizes PFI, OST and CB with minimal AE in dogs with thyroid carcinoma treated with toceranib in both the naïve and prior therapy settings.
Ocular findings in a group of healthy captive leopard geckos
Authors: Camacho‐Luna Pilar , Alling Christopher , Boykin Kimberly , Liu Chin‐Chi , Carter Renee T. , Lewin Andrew C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveLeopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius) are popular pets and can be affected by a range of ocular disorders. Our objective was to report ocular findings in a group of healthy captive leopard geckos and to establish reference ranges for commonly performed ocular diagnostic tests.Animals studiedTwenty‐six healthy male geckos aged 1 year old (n = 4) and >2 years old (n = 22).ProceduresAll animals underwent ophthalmic examination, corneal esthesiometry, modified Schirmer tear test (mSTT), rebound tonometry, conjunctival bacterial aerobic and fungal culture, and measurement of ocular dimensions. Student's t test was used to compare values of corneal esthesiometry, tonometry and mSTT between groups. Multiple correlations were assessed by Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsAll animals had a normal ocular examination. Tear production as measured with a mSTT (mean ± SD) technique was 3.1 ± 1.3 mm/min and tonometry values (mean ± SD) were 8.2 ± 1.7 mm Hg. Corneal touch threshold (median, range) was 4.4 cm, 2.5‐5.0. Younger animals had a significantly increased corneal sensitivity compared to older animals (P = .0383). Results of culture showed no growth for fungal organism in any animals. Conjunctival bacterial isolation rates were low, with only 7/26 samples positive for nine bacterial species.ConclusionsLeopard geckos are amenable to ophthalmic examination and ocular diagnostic database testing with minimal manual restraint.
Ex vivo study of minimally invasive procedures for cartilage removal from the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joint and for fetlock tension band application
Authors: Farfan Maëlle , Genton Martin , Rossignol Fabrice 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe reliable minimally invasive procedures for (1) removing cartilage by joint distraction and articular drilling for equine metacarpophalangeal (MCP)/metatarsophalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis; (2) applying a palmar/plantar tension band without MCP/MTP joint luxation.Study designExperimental study.Sample populationCadaveric equine limbs (n = 12).MethodsAll limbs were used to evaluate the drilling technique. First the MCP/MTP joint was distracted with a 5.5‐mm cortical screw. Then, through four stab incisions, articular cartilage was removed with a 4.5‐mm drill. Six randomly chosen limbs were then tested for minimally invasive tension band application with a specially designed cannula. Accurate positioning of the tension band was assessed radiographically. All MCP/MTP joints were disarticulated, and the areas of removed cartilage were visually assessed and measured by using planimetry.ResultsThe mean percentage of removed cartilage was 66.8% ± 7.6% for the metacarpus/metatarsus surface, 67.9% ± 8.6% for the proximal phalanx surface, and 59.5% ± 1% for the two sesamoid bones. The tension band could be accurately placed through four stab incisions with the cannula.ConclusionThis minimally invasive technique for cartilage removal was efficient and should be favorable for joint fusion in some clinical situations. The minimally invasive tension band application through stab incisions was feasible and repeatable.Clinical significanceThese procedures should allow total minimally invasive MCP/MTP arthrodesis and be used in selected clinical cases.
Serotonin modulates optimized coding of natural stimuli through increased neural and behavioural responses via enhanced burst firing
Authors: Marquez Mariana M. , Chacron Maurice J. 
Published: February 2020

Key points
The function of serotonergic fibres onto sensory areas remains poorly understood
We show that serotonin application enhances sensory neural and behavioural responses to second order stimuli
Enhanced neural responses most likely occurred because of increased burst firing
Changes in neural sensitivity due to burst firing were the best predictor of changes in behavioural sensitivity
Our results suggest that serotonin optimizes coding of stimuli encountered during aggression.
AbstractUnderstanding how the processing of sensory information leads to behavioural responses remains a central problem in systems neuroscience. Here, we investigated how the neuromodulator serotonin affects neural and behavioural responses to second‐order envelope stimuli within the electrosensory system of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. We found that serotonin application increased neuronal excitability through greater tendency for burst firing. We found that increased excitability led to overall higher neural sensitivities to higher envelope frequencies. Separating the spike train into bursts and isolated spike train components revealed that this was due to significant increases in neural sensitivity for the former but not the latter. We next investigated the consequences of such changes in sensitivity towards optimized coding of stimuli with specific statistics. Our results show that serotonin application compromised optimal coding of stimuli with statistics seen under naturalistic conditions due to changes in burst, but not isolated spike firing. Finally, we found that serotonin application increased behavioural sensitivity to envelope stimuli. Interestingly, changes in neural sensitivity due to bursts were a far better predictor of changes in behavioural sensitivity, suggesting that burst firing is decoded by downstream brain areas. Overall, our results suggest that serotonin modulates neural responses to optimize coding and perception of stimuli during behavioural contexts associated with encountering dominant conspecifics.
Evaluación de factores de riesgo asociados con malformaciones congénitas en el programa de vigilancia epidemiológica de malformaciones congénitas (ECLAMC) en Bogotá entre 2001 y 2010
Authors: Zarate Ana María , García Gloria , Zarante Ignacio 
Published: February 2020

Introducción. Las anomalías congénitas son una causa de morbi-mortalidad en nuestro país, razón por la cual el Instituto de Genética Humana y la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá desarrollaron un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica, basado en la metodología del Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas (ECLAMC).Métodos. Se recolectaron los datos de los nacimientos vigilados, en las modalidades de casos - controles y monitor. Se evaluaron los factores de riesgo maternos y del recién nacido.Resultados. Se vigilaron 121.674 nacimientos, de los cuales, 1,81% presentó malformaciones congénitas, con mayor frecuencia en el sexoasculino. Se estimó una prevalencia de 18 niños y niñas con malformación congénita por cada mil nacimientos. Las malformaciones más frecuentes fueron en orejas y extremidades. Los principales factores de riesgo evidenciados fueron: edad materna avanzada, bajo peso y talla para la edad de gestación. El 47,2% de casos y controles y el 52,3% de monitor, respectivamente, se beneficiarían de una intervención oportuna.Conclusiones. Los pacientes con malformaciones congénitas presentan mayor riesgo de prematuridad y bajo peso al nacer. Se debe mejorar la vigilancia y el entrenamiento del personal de salud vinculado al programa, para aumentar la sensibilidad de detección en nuestro programa.
Mordedura canina
Authors: Muñoz Leyva Felipe 
Published: February 2020

Introducción. La mordedura canina no es una consulta infrecuente al servicio de urgencias y es muy probable que el médico colombiano en su práctica clínica se vea enfrentado a ella. Es imperativo que conozca los protocolos y las guías nacionales para la atención de la víctima de mordedura de perro, pues debe actuar de manera pertinente, según los recursos con los que cuente.Métodos. Se hizo una revisión académica de las guías para la atención de mordedura humana y por animales publicadas en las “Guías para manejo de urgencias” del Ministerio de la Protección Social de Colombia, 2009. Dicha información se complementó con la obtenida de la “Guía práctica para la atención de personas agredidas por un animal potencialmente transmisor de rabia” del Grupo de Zoonosis del Instituto Nacional de Salud de 2009 y de otros artículos indizados en Pubmed.Resultados. Se hizo una revisión práctica dirigida al médico de urgencias, abordando aspectos como la epidemiología, el enfoque del paciente, el examen físico, el manejo inicial, los cuidados de la herida, el uso o no uso de antibiótico profiláctico, la vacunacióninmunización para rabia y tétanos, y la prevención.Conclusiones. Las mordeduras caninas representan un problema de salud pública en el mundo. Por lo general, las víctimas más comunes son los niños. Toda mordedura de perro supone un riesgo de infección, supeditado a las características de la lesión y a su manejo inicial. Debe instaurarse tratamiento antibiótico e inmunización para rabia y tétanos, siguiendo las recomendaciones individualizadas para cada paciente. El médico tratante debe brindar la atención oportunamente, según se lo permitan sus recursos, y remitir al paciente a niveles superiores de complejidad en caso de requerirlo. Es fundamental implementar medidas de prevención para evitar las mordeduras de perro, teniendo en cuenta sus serias implicaciones.
El arte de la medicina: entre lo místico y la ciencia
Authors: Ortega López María Claudia 
Published: February 2020

La medicina como ciencia y arte se complementan en la práctica cotidiana. Cuando se entienda la propiedad “plástica” de sistemas como el inmunológico, se estará en capacidad de inclinarnos respetuosos y reverentes ante el concepto de la creación.
Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura. Manejo endoscópico de fístula traqueoesofágica recurrente con electrocauterio y pegante tisular
Authors: Ospina Juan Camilo , Wuesthoff Carolina 
Published: February 2020

Las fístulas traqueoesofágicas recurrentes (FTER) continúan siendo un reto terapéutico debido a las altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas con su manejo quirúrgico abierto y su recurrencia frecuente. Las técnicas endoscópicas aportan un abordaje alternativo con el potencial de mejorar los resultados y desenlaces quirúrgicos. Se presenta un caso de cierre o reparo endoscópico de FTER mediante el uso de broncoscopia y esofagoscopia, así como una combinación entre técnica con electrocauterio y pegante tisular. Se considera que esta técnica puede representar una alternativa válida para el manejo de esta patología. Igualmente, se señala la importancia de considerar la fístula traqueoesofágica un diagnóstico diferencial en pacientes pediátricos con infecciones respiratorias recurrentes.
Providencia stuartii asociada a ventriculostomía. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Feo Lee Óscar Hernando , Rueda Forero Diego Fernando 
Published: February 2020

La ventriculitis es una complicación neuroquirúrgica con una incidencia mundial de entre el 6 y el 15 %, y del 18 % en América Latina. Los factores de riesgo asociados a este tipo de infección se relacionan con el catéter per se, el proceso de preparación prequirúrgico, la colocación y la manipulación del sistema de ventriculostomía en el postoperatorio. Se ha encontrado que los microorganismos involucrados en este tipo de infección son grampositivos y gramnegativos de la familia Enterobacteriaceae. Dentro de los géneros más comunes se encuentra Providencia stuartii; sin embargo, es un microorganismo atípico en infecciones intrahospitalarias relacionadas con el sistema nervioso central (SNC). No obstante, se encontró en tres casos reportados, en los cuales hay infección del SNC: dos de estos se transformaron en meningitis, y el tercero, en un absceso. En este reporte se describe y se analiza un caso de ventriculitis por Providencia stuartii.
Impact of severe polyhandicap cared for at home on French informal caregivers’ burden: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rousseau Marie-Christine , Baumstarck Karine , Valkov Maria , Felce Agnés , Brisse Catherine , Khaldi-Cherif Sherezad , Loundou Anderson , Auquier Pascal , Billette de Villemeur Thierry 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesPolyhandicap (PLH), defined by a combination of profound intellectual impairment and serious motor deficits, is a severe condition with complex disabilities. In France, care of the large majority of PLH individuals is managed in specialised rehabilitation centres or residential facilities, but some of PLH individuals are cared for at home. The aims of this study were to assess the self-perceived burden among informal caregivers of PLH individuals and to identify potential determinants of this burden.DesignCross-sectional study (Neuropaediatric Department, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France).SettingsPLH children were recruited from a specialised paediatric/neurological department.ParticipantsThe selection criteria of caregivers were age above 18 years and being the PLH individual’s next of kin.Outcomes measuresFrom March 2015 to December 2016, data were collected from the caregivers, including sociodemographical data, health status, psycho-behavioural data (quality of life, mood disorders and coping) and self-perceived burden. In addition, the health status of the PLH individual was collected. Relationships between the burden scores and potential determinants were tested (correlations coefficients, Mann-Whitney tests, generalised estimating equations models).ResultsEighty-four children were eligible; 77 families returned their questionnaire. The informal caregivers of PLH children experienced a high level of perceived burden (scores ranged from 55±20 to 81±12). Eighty per cent of them had more than 5 hours of daily caregiving and 51% of them had to get up more than twice during the night. The main factors associated with caregiver burden were age, financial issues, health status, daily care and coping strategies. The patients’ health status was not associated with caregiver burden.ConclusionsSome of the caregiver burden determinants might be modifiable. These findings should help healthcare workers and health-decision makers implement specific and appropriate interventions.Trial registration numberNCT02400528.