bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of chaperone binding to amyloid aggregates identifies specificity of Hsp40 interaction with yeast prion fibrils
Authors: Barbitoff Yury A , Matveenko Andrew G , Bondarev Stanislav A , Maksiutenko Evgeniia M , Kulikova Alexandra V , Zhouravleva Galina A 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Yeast self-perpetuating protein aggregates (yeast prions) provide a framework to investigate the interaction of misfolded proteins with the protein quality control machinery. The major component of this system that facilitates propagation of all known yeast amyloid prions is the Hsp104 chaperone that catalyzes fibril fragmentation. Overproduction of Hsp104 cures some yeast prions via a fragmentation-independent mechanism. Importantly, major cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp40 group, Sis1 and Ydj1, oppositely affect yeast prion propagation, and are capable of stimulating different activities of Hsp104. In this work, we developed a quantitative method to investigate the Hsp40 binding to amyloid aggregates. We demonstrate that Sis1 binds fibrils formed by the Sup35NM protein with higher affinity compared to Ydj1. Moreover, the interaction of Sis1 with the fibrils formed by the other yeast prion protein, Rnq1, is orders of magnitude weaker. We show that the deletion of the dimerization domain of Sis1 (crucial for the curing of [PSI+] by excess Hsp104) decreases its affinity to both Sup35NM and Rnq1 fibrils. Taken together, these results suggest that tight binding of Hsp40 to the amyloid fibrils is likely to enhance aggregate malpartition instead of fibril fragmentation.
Probing 1-D electrical anisotropy in the oceanic upper mantle from seafloor magnetotelluric array data
Authors: Matsuno Tetsuo , Baba Kiyoshi , Utada Hisashi 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARY
Electrical anisotropy in the oceanic upper mantle can only be imaged by seafloor magnetotelluric (MT) data, and arguably provides important clues regarding the mantle structure and dynamics by observational determinations. Here, we attempt to probe the electrical (azimuthal) anisotropy in the oceanic mantle by analysing recent seafloor MT array data from the northwestern Pacific acquired atop 125–145 Ma seafloor. We propose a method in which an isotropic 1-D model is first obtained from seafloor MT data through an iterative correction for topographic distortions; then, the anisotropic properties are inferred as deviations from the isotropic 1-D model. We investigate the performance of this method through synthetic forward modelling and inversion using plausible anisotropic 1-D models and the actual 3-D bathymetry and topography of the target region. Synthetic tests reveal that the proposed method will detect electrical anisotropy in the conductive upper mantle or electrical asthenosphere. We also compare the performance of the proposed scheme by using two rotational invariant impedances and two topographic correction equations. The comparison reveals that using different rotational invariants and correction equations provides relatively consistent results, but among the rotational invariants, the sum of squared elements (ssq) impedance yields better recovered results for topographically distorted data than the determinant impedance. An application of the method to seafloor MT array data sets from two areas in the northwestern Pacific reveals the possible presence of two layers of electrical anisotropy in the conductive mantle (&lt;100 Ω-m) at depths of ∼60–200 km. The anisotropy is estimated to be more intense in the shallower layer for both areas. On the other hand, the estimated anisotropic azimuth (defined as the most conductive direction) and the depth to the interface between the two layers are different between the two array areas separated by a small horizontal distance of ∼1000 km in spite of their similar seafloor ages. The most conductive directions are aligned neither with the current absolute plate motion direction nor with the fastest direction of seismic azimuthal anisotropy. The inferred electrical anisotropy features may result from array-scale (∼1000 km) mantle dynamics, such as small-scale convection, which might affect the electrical and seismic properties differently, although there remains the possibility that some portions of these features are explained by laterally heterogeneous mantle structures.
Population-specific reference panels are crucial for genetic analyses: an example of the CREBRF locus in Native Hawaiians
Authors: Lin Meng , Caberto Christian , Wan Peggy , Li Yuqing , Lum-Jones Annette , Tiirikainen Maarit , Pooler Loreall , Nakamura Brooke , Sheng Xin , Porcel Jacqueline , Lim Unhee , Setiawan Veronica Wendy , Le Marchand Loïc , Wilkens Lynne R , Haiman Christopher A , Cheng Iona , Chiang Charleston W K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Statistical imputation applied to genome-wide array data is the most cost-effective approach to complete the catalog of genetic variation in a study population. However, imputed genotypes in underrepresented populations incur greater inaccuracies due to ascertainment bias and a lack of representation among reference individuals, further contributing to the obstacles to study these populations. Here we examined the consequences due to the lack of representation by genotyping in a large number of self-reported Native Hawaiians (N = 3693) a functionally important, Polynesian-specific variant in the CREBRF gene, rs373863828. We found the derived allele was significantly associated with several adiposity traits with large effects (e.g. ~ 1.28 kg/m2 per allele in body mass index as the most significant; P = 7.5 × 10−5), consistent with the original findings in Samoans. Due to the current absence of Polynesian representation in publicly accessible reference sequences, rs373863828 or its proxies could not be tested through imputation using these existing resources. Moreover, the association signals at the entire CREBRF locus could not be captured by alternative approaches, such as admixture mapping. In contrast, highly accurate imputation can be achieved even if a small number (&lt;200) of internally constructed Polynesian reference individuals were available; this would increase sample size and improve the statistical evidence of associations. Taken together, our results suggest the alarming possibility that lack of representation in reference panels could inhibit discovery of functionally important loci such as CREBRF. Yet, they could be easily detected and prioritized with improved representation of diverse populations in sequencing studies.
Plant Movements as Concept Generators for the Development of Biomimetic Compliant Mechanisms
Authors: Poppinga Simon , Correa David , Bruchmann Bernd , Menges Achim , Speck Thomas 
Published: May 2020

Synopsis
Plant movements are of increasing interest for biomimetic approaches where hinge-free compliant mechanisms (flexible structures) for applications, for example, in architecture, soft robotics, and medicine are developed. In this article, we first concisely summarize the knowledge on plant movement principles and show how the different modes of actuation, that is, the driving forces of motion, can be used in biomimetic approaches for the development of motile technical systems. We then emphasize on current developments and breakthroughs in the field, that is, the technical implementation of plant movement principles through additive manufacturing, the development of structures capable of tracking movements (tropisms), and the development of structures that can perform multiple movement steps. Regarding the additive manufacturing section, we present original results on the successful transfer of several plant movement principles into 3D printed hygroscopic shape-changing structures (“4D printing”). The resulting systems include edge growth-driven actuation (as known from the petals of the lily flower), bending scale-like structures with functional bilayer setups (inspired from pinecones), modular aperture architectures (as can be similarly seen in moss peristomes), snap-through elastic instability actuation (as known from Venus flytrap snap-traps), and origami-like curved-folding kinematic amplification (inspired by the carnivorous waterwheel plant). Our novel biomimetic compliant mechanisms highlight the feasibility of modern printing techniques for designing and developing versatile tailored motion responses for technical applications. We then focus on persisting challenges in the field, that is, how to speed-boost intrinsically slow hydraulically actuated structures and how to achieve functional resilience and robustness, before we propose the establishment of a motion design catalog in the conclusion.
Multivariate approximation of functions on irregular domains by weighted least-squares methods
Authors: Migliorati Giovanni 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe propose and analyse numerical algorithms based on weighted least squares for the approximation of a bounded real-valued function on a general bounded domain $\varOmega \subset \mathbb{R}^d$. Given any $n$-dimensional approximation space $V_n \subset L^2(\varOmega )$, the analysis in Cohen and Migliorati (2017, Optimal weighted least-squares methods. SMAI J. Comput. Math., 3, 181–203) shows the existence of stable and optimally converging weighted least-squares estimators, using a number of function evaluations $m$ of the order $n \ln n$. When an $L^2(\varOmega )$-orthonormal basis of $V_n$ is available in analytic form, such estimators can be constructed using the algorithms described in Cohen and Migliorati (2017, Optimal weighted least-squares methods. SMAI J. Comput. Math., 3, 181–203, Section 5). If the basis also has product form, then these algorithms have computational complexity linear in $d$ and $m$. In this paper we show that when $\varOmega $ is an irregular domain such that the analytic form of an $L^2(\varOmega )$-orthonormal basis is not available, stable and quasi-optimally weighted least-squares estimators can still be constructed from $V_n$, again with $m$ of the order $n \ln n$, but using a suitable surrogate basis of $V_n$ orthonormal in a discrete sense. The computational cost for the calculation of the surrogate basis depends on the Christoffel function of $\varOmega $ and $V_n$. Numerical results validating our analysis are presented.
The ClpXP Protease Contributes to Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia
Authors: Kim Gyu-Lee , Akoolo Lavoisier , Parker Dane 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of pneumonia. We show here that the ClpXP protease involved in protein turnover is important for pathogenesis in a murine model of acute pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus lacking this protease is attenuated in vivo, being rapidly cleared from the airway and leading to decreased immune cell influx and inflammation. Characterization of defined mutations in vitro identified defects in intracellular survival and protection against neutrophil killing. Our results further expand on what is known about ClpXP in the pathogenesis of S. aureus to include the respiratory tract.
Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Sumi Chandra Datta , Heffernan Aaron J , Naicker Saiyuri , Islam Kamrul , Cottrell Kyra , Wallis Steven C , Lipman Jeffrey , Harris Patrick N A , Sime Fekade B , Roberts Jason A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare bacterial killing and the emergence of resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, administered by intermittent versus prolonged infusion (i.e. extended or continuous), for ceftriaxone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in an in vitro dynamic hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM).MethodsK. pneumoniae 68 (Kp68; MIC = 8 mg/L, producing SHV-106 and DHA-1) and K. pneumoniae 69 (Kp69; MIC = 1 mg/L, producing CTX-M-14) were studied in the HFIM over 7 days (initial inoculum ~107 cfu/mL). Six piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens for Kp68 (4/0.5 g 8 hourly as 0.5 and 4 h infusions, 12/1.5 g/24 h continuous infusion, 4/0.5 g 6 hourly as 0.5 and 3 h infusions and 16/2 g/24 h continuous infusion) and three piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens for Kp69 (4/0.5 g 8 hourly as 0.5 and 4 h infusions and 12/1.5 g/24 h continuous infusion) were simulated (piperacillin clearance = 14 L/h, creatinine clearance = 100 mL/min). Total and resistant populations and MICs were quantified/determined.ResultsFor Kp68, all simulated dosing regimens exhibited approximately 4 log10 of bacterial killing at 8 h followed by regrowth to approximately 1011 cfu/mL within 24 h. The MICs for resistant subpopulations exceeded 256 mg/L at 72 h. Similarly, for Kp69, all simulated dosing regimens exhibited approximately 4 log10 of bacterial killing over 8 h; however, only the continuous infusion prevented bacterial regrowth.ConclusionsCompared with intermittent infusion, prolonged infusion did not increase initial bacterial killing and suppression of regrowth of plasmid-mediated AmpC- and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. However, continuous infusion may suppress regrowth of some ESBL-producing susceptible K. pneumoniae, although more data are warranted to confirm this observation.
A case study on Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: available treatment options, antibiotic R&D and responsible antibiotic-use strategies
Authors: Monnier Annelie A , Tacconelli Evelina , Årdal Christine , Cavaleri Marco , Gyssens Inge C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This case study addresses: (i) antibiotic treatment options for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB), for both empirical and targeted therapy; (ii) the current status of and priorities for the antibiotic pipeline to ensure access of effective antibiotics for SAB; and (iii) strategies for responsible antibiotic use relevant to the clinical management of SAB.

Methods
Evidence to address the aims was extracted from the following information sources: (i) EUCAST and CLSI recommendations, summaries of product characteristics (SPCs), antibiotic treatment guidelines and the textbook Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics; (ii) the www.clinicaltrial.gov database; and (iii) quality indicators for responsible antibiotic use.

Results
Current monotherapy treatment options for SAB include only three drug classes (β-lactams, glycopeptides and lipopeptides), of which two also cover MRSA bacteraemia (glycopeptides and lipopeptides). The analysis of the antibiotic pipeline and ongoing clinical trials revealed that several new antibiotics with S. aureus (including MRSA) coverage were developed in the past decade (2009–19). However, none belonged to a new antibiotic class or had superior effectiveness and their added clinical value for SAB remains to be proven. Responsible antibiotic use for the treatment of SAB was illustrated using 11 quality indicators.

Conclusions
Awareness of the problem of a limited antibiotic arsenal, together with incentives (e.g. push incentives), is needed to steer the R&D landscape towards the development of novel and effective antibiotics for treating SAB. In the meantime, responsible antibiotic use guided by quality indicators should preserve the effectiveness of currently available antibiotics for treating SAB.
Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Potential Mechanical Vectors of Pathogenic Bacteria in a Public Hospital in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil
Authors: do Nascimento Leonardo Espíndola , Amaral Raquel Rodrigues , Ferreira Ricardo Marcelo dos Anjos , Trindade Diogo Vitor Soares , do Nascimento Rafael Espíndola , da Costa Tiago Silva , Souto Raimundo Nonato Picanço 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStudies related to ants found in hospital environments have aroused interest in their role as mechanical vectors of pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of the current research was to determine the species composition and bacterial contamination of ant species found in a public hospital in the eastern Amazonian region. Ants were captured using bait containing honey and sterilized sardines in 15 locations within the Macapá Emergency Hospital, Amapá. Ants were identified morphologically using specific keys. Bacteria were first inoculed in a Brain Heart Infusion broth and then plated on 5% Agar with blood or MacConkey media. Bacterial species were identified through biochemical procedures. In total, 9,687 ants were collected, with 69.8% from the dry season and 30.2% from the rainy season. Nine species of ants were identified belonging to three subfamilies: the Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus 1758) being the most common, comprising 39.2% of the total specimens. Only one ant species was found in each bait, facilitating microbiological analyses. In total, 92 bacteria isolates were identified comprising 12 species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Schroeter 1872 (Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae) was pathogenic bacteria, most frequently isolated, comprising 10.9% of the positive samples. The most contaminated ant in the study was M. pharaonis with 38.3%. It was the dominant ant species in this hospital environment. Its wide prevalence, forage day and night of this vector in hospital facilitated bacterial contamination. The presence of bacteria on ants may be associated with the dissemination of pathogens which cause hospital infections, making pest control a necessity in these institutions.
Reconciling Lists of Principles in Bioethics
Authors: Veatch Robert M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In celebration of the fortieth anniversary of the publication of Beauchamp and Childress’s Principles of Biomedical Ethics, a review is undertaken to compare the lists of principles in various bioethical theories to determine the extent to which the various lists can be reconciled. Included are the single principle theories of utilitarianism, libertarianism, Hippocratism, and the theories of Pellegrino, Engelhardt, The Belmont Report, Beauchamp and Childress, Ross, Veatch, and Gert. We find theories all offering lists of principles (or the equivalent) numbering from one to ten. Many of the differences can be reconciled, but some critical differences remain.
Time and Meaning-Making in the “Hybrid” Media: Evidence From the 2016 U.S. Election
Authors: Lavi Liron 
Published: May 2020

AbstractScholars have shown that time shapes journalism practices and news narratives. Yet the dynamics of time have received insufficient scholarly attention. In this study, I focus on how temporal plasticity—the dynamic employment of time—affects the construction of meaning in news media and social media. I draw empirical evidence from a cross-media computational text analysis of TV news and Twitter discourse in the 2016 American election. The study uncovers the dynamic utilization of time and its impact on the democratic meaning of the 2016 election (or the lack thereof) before, during, and after the election in “old” and “new” media. I find that a chronological temporal discourse on Twitter facilitates democratic meaning after the election, while a fragmented temporal discourse on the news media undermines the democratic meaning of the election. The results are discussed in light of the democratic role of “old” and “new” media.
Vision, Vulnerability, and the Victorian Marketplace in Christina Rossetti’s ‘Goblin Market’
Authors: Hansen Megan L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article traces connections between nineteenth-century concepts of physiological sight and philosophies of vision in order to argue that Christina Rossetti’s much discussed and debated depiction of women in the marketplace in ‘Goblin Market’ should be framed by Victorian beliefs about vision and its moral extensions. I establish a historical, medical, and social context for the evolving views on vision in response to advancements in the visual sciences, particularly focusing on social responses to the physiological findings that allied the physical and psychological understanding of vision and knowledge creation in new ways. These theories of visuality within the medical and scientific communities affirmed the social rhetoric of female fragility, connecting frail female sight with precarious judgments and undermined morality outside the protected domestic sphere. I use this context to show that, although ‘Goblin Market’ clearly acknowledges potential dangers in the market for women, Rossetti ultimately presents a tale in which Lizzie is able to successfully participate in markets and in which feminine strength is shown to be a tool for self-governance more broadly. While keeping the moral values tied to female vision and public participation intact, Rossetti nonetheless undermines theories of simple determinism in the female body and mind. ‘Goblin Market’, I argue, can be viewed as a challenge to accepted beliefs about the vulnerability of physical and moral degeneration for women in the marketplace, a challenge that both operates within the social values of moral vision and offers a guide to an empowering public participation.
Studying the environment of AT 2018cow with MUSE
Authors: Lyman J D , Galbany L , Sánchez S F , Anderson J P , Kuncarayakti H , Prieto J L 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
AT 2018cow was the nearest and best-studied example of a new breed of extragalactic, luminous, and rapidly evolving transient. Both the progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms of these rapid transients remain a mystery – the energetics, spectral signatures, and time-scales make them challenging to interpret in established classes of supernovae and tidal disruption events. The rich, multiwavelength data set of AT 2018cow has still left several interpretations viable to explain the nature of this event. In this paper, we analyze integral-field spectroscopic data of the host galaxy, CGCG 137-068, to compare environmental constraints with leading progenitor models. We find the explosion site of AT 2018cow to be very typical of core-collapse supernovae (known to form from stars with MZAMS ∼ 8−25 M⊙), and infer a young stellar population age at the explosion site of few × 10 Myr, at slightly sub-solar metallicity. When comparing to expectations for exotic intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) tidal disruption events, we find no evidence for a potential host system of the IMBH. In particular, there are no abrupt changes in metallicity or kinematics in the vicinity of the explosion site, arguing against the presence of a distinct host system. The proximity of AT 2018cow to strong star formation in the host galaxy makes us favour a massive stellar progenitor for this event.
Formation of Orion fingers
Authors: Dempsey Ross , Zakamska Nadia L , Owen James E 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
‘Orion fingers’ are a system of dozens of bow shocks, with the wings of shocks pointing to a common system of origin, which is centred on a dynamically disintegrating system of several massive stars. The shock heads propagate with velocities of up to 300–400 km s−1, but the formation and physical properties of the ‘bullets’ leading the shocks are not known. Here, we summarize two possible scenarios for the formation of the ‘bullets’ and the resulting bow shocks (‘fingers’). In the first scenario, bullets are self-gravitating, Jupiter-mass objects that were formed rapidly and then ejected during the strong dynamical interactions of massive stars and their discs. This scenario naturally explains the similar time-scales for the outflow of bullets and for the dynamical interaction of the massive stars, but has some difficulty explaining the observed high velocities of the bullets. In the second scenario, bullets are formed via hydrodynamic instabilities in a massive, infrared-driven wind, naturally explaining the high velocities and the morphology of outflow, but the bullets are not required to be self-gravitating. The processes that created the Orion fingers are likely not unique to this particular star-forming region and may result in free-floating, high-velocity, core-less planets.