bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Psychosomatic Disorders Among Dental Students with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Hazzaa Saud Fahad Al 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aims To determine the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders among dental students with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. MethodA cross-sectional study was performed on 184 dental students with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). A p-value cut off point of 0.05 at 95% confident interval (CI) was used to determine statistical significance. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted where frequency and proportion were used, to present all categorical variables. Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale questionnaires were used to assess the depression, anxiety, and stress of RAS dental students. The analysis assessed the relationship between RAS among socio-demographic characteristics of depression, anxiety, and stress by using a chi-square test.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was dominant among dental students at 62.5%. More than half of the respondents (58.2%) were anxious, whereas the prevalence of stress was lower i.e. 40.2%. There was no significant relationship found between depression and RAS (p>0.05).ConclusionAge group in years and number of ulcers in each occurrence were statistically associated for anxiety and stress, and gender was also significant to anxiety. There was no significant relationship found between depression and RAS.
SNP Mutation‐related Genes in Colon Cancer for Monitoring and Prognosis of Patients: A Study Based on the TCGA Database
Authors: Liao Xin , li jian , Chen Yuxiang , Ding Haibo , Liu Chen , Liao Yang , Liu Huajun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer is still the leading cause of death in humans, and the fourth leading cause of death is colorectal cancer. Tumor bioinformatics has been developing in recent years, the prognosis and quality of life of patients can be improved by using relevant tools to understand the molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and related prognostic markers. Methods: In this study, Bioinformatics analysis of the snp-related data of colon cancer patients from the TCGA database, it was found that the expression levels of 4 mutated genes (CTTNBP2,DAPK1, DMXL1,SPTBN2) were significantly different from those of wild type and their prognosis. In order to explore how the core genes affect the prognosis of patients, the gene expression of these core genes was analyzed. Results: It was found that the core genes are related to a variety of cancer-related pathway genes, including pi3k-akt pathway and TSC/mTOR pathway. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that SPTBN2 could be inhibited by a variety of drugs, including austocystin D, afatinib, and belinostat. Tumor immunity is closely related to tumor therapy. Through the analysis of immune infiltration of core genes, it was found that DAPK1 and DMXL2 were associated with a variety of immune cell infiltration. Conclusion: Therefore, the detection of genetic mutations and related expressions may be significant in predicting the prognosis of patients with colon cancer. Through the study of high-throughput information excavating, it was discovered that the molecular pathogenesis and prognosis of patients with colon cancer were helpful to the bioinformatics theory.
Characterization of carbapenem non-susceptible Gram-negative Bacilli isolated from the feces of 10,000 inpatients in Southern China
Authors: Duan Xiaonv , Li Si , Peng Yuan , Rui YongYu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Carbapenem non-susceptible Gram-negative bacilli (CNS-GNB) were dominant pathogen causing clinical infections. The human intestine was important reservoir of GNB, but there were few studies to analysis the prevalence of fecal colonization with them.
Methods

Fecal samples were collected from hosiptal screening test for GNB was conducted by using home-made MacConkey agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the automatic microbiology analyzer and drug-resistant genes were characterized by polymerase chain reaction assays and DNA sequencing. The whole genome sequencing were used to analysis the characteristic of genetic structure of the isolates.
Results

A total of 680 CNS-GNB were collected. Acinetobacter spp. were the dominant species (33.8%) of the 22 genera. Carbapenemase genes were identified in 307 isolates (45.1%), including 206 (30.3%) blaNDM; 51 (7.5%) blaVIM−2, 48 (7.1%) blaIMP, and seven (1.0%) blaKPC−2. The blaNDM genes were first detected in three isolates, Providencia vermicola, Achromobacter spp., and Cupriavidus gilardii. Co-existence of blaVIM and blaIMP genes was detected in five isolates; Achromobacter co-producing VIM and IMP has not been previously reported. The mcr-1 gene was identified in five strains of Acinetobacter and one strain of K. pneumoniae. In addition, we detected seven isolates harboring the blaAFM−1 gene, a novel metallo-β-lactamase gene. This was first genomic analysis of ST11 K. pneumoniae co-producing NDM-5 and mcr-1, which revealed that blaNDM-5 and mcr-1 are located on two different plasmids. The plasmid harboring blaNDM-5, which was composed of a typical IncX3-type backbone, and the mcr-1 gene, was located between an IS30-like element ISApl1 and a PAP2-like encoding gene in the IncHI2-type plasmid.
Conclusions

the overall prevalence of fecal carriage of CNS-GNB in 10,000 stool samples was 7.45%, and more than half of CNS-GNB produced carbapenemase. Most CNS-GNB cases were associated with infectious disease, multiple hospitalizations, or long-term care, and a high prevalence of underlying disease.
Attitudes of East Tennessee Residents Towards General and Pertussis Vaccination: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Tandy Corinne , Tree Jennifer M. Jabson 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundDespite vaccination being one of the safest and most successful public health tools to control infectious diseases, some people still doubt the efficacy and safety of vaccines. In order to address vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination sentiment, it is necessary to understand vaccination attitude development and vaccination behaviors. The objective of this project was to qualitatively investigate general vaccination attitudes and behavior with an additional emphasis on pertussis vaccination. MethodsTo identify factors that influence attitudes toward vaccination and behaviors in East Tennessee, eleven one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants recruited through convenience and purposive sampling. Interview protocol and deductive codes were developed using the Triadic Theory of Influence as a theoretical framework. Interview transcripts were analyzed qualitatively and themes were identified through constant comparison of interviews, considering both deductively and inductively coded data. ResultsMost participants (8) held positive attitudes towards vaccination. Participants (8) comfortable with vaccinating themselves or their children said they followed recommendations of doctors. Vaccine hesitant participants’ (3) most frequently cited concern was safety and concern about side effects. These participants also reported that they referenced non-academic or professional sources and felt confident about their knowledge of vaccines and diseases. Vaccine hesitant participants had low perception of risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly pertussis. Participants with children reported that friends and family were influential when deciding to vaccinate their children. ConclusionsThis study identified themes in the attitudes towards vaccination of participants recruited in East Tennessee. We found that risk perception and family and social group attitudes were the primary influences on vaccination decision making. We recommend that future research includes anti-vaccination participants in their research, if possible, and further explore the relationship between perception of one’s own knowledge and health behavior outcomes.
Validation and reproducibility of a semi-qualitative food frequency questionnaire for assessment of sodium intake in Iranian population
Authors: Mohammadifard Noushin , Grau Narges , Khosravi Alireza , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Feizi Awat , Abdollahi Zahra , Sarrafzadegan Nizal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Few semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) has yet been developed to assess sodium intake s in Middle East region. This study was performed to validate SFFQ for sodium consumption assessment and evaluation of food groups΄ contribution in sodium intake.Methods This was a validation study. This study was performed on 198 healthy participants aged ≥ 6 years in Isfahan city, central part of Iran in 2014–2015. They provided two SFFQ at the beginning and after one year to evaluate the reproducibility. The validity of SFFQ for assessment of sodium intake compared with 24-hour urine sodium and twelve 24-hour dietary recalls which were completed monthly during a year as two standard methods.Results Correlation coefficient between the contribution of food groups to sodium intake based on SFFQ and 24-hour dietary recalls varied from 0.04 for legumes (P = 0.667) to 0.47 for added salt (P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between the estimated total sodium intake based on SFFQ and both standard methods (P < 0.01). Intraclass correlation coefficient (95% CI) between first and second SFFQ had a diverse range from 0.10 (0.05–0.17) for fats and oils to 0.49 (0.28–0.69) for bread. According to the Bland-Altman plots, we observed an acceptable level of agreement between the two methods for sodium intake.Conclusions The SFFQ was a relatively valid and reliable method for estimating sodium intake and food groups contribution in its intake. A combination of two or more methods will be useful in achieving more accurate results.
NUDT1-Knockdown Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion and Migration of CAL27
Authors: Shan Qiusheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer could oxidize guanine into 8-oxoG resulting in A: T changed into G: C or G: C into A: T. Nudix hydrolase 1 (NUDT1) overexpressed in many kind of cancers could hydrolyze the 8-oxo-dGTP into 8-oxo-dGMP or pyrophosphate to prevent the DNA damage or gene mutation. However, the role and function of NUDT1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been investigated.Methods: Firstly, the bioinformatics methods were used to predict the biological process, cellular component and molecular function of NUDT1 and to confirm the mRNA and protein expression level of NUDT1 in OSCC. Furthermore, the MTT assay, Flow Cytometry, Transwell (Invasion), Scratch Test and Transwell (Migration) were used to test the effect of NUDT1 inhibitor on the proliferation, cell apoptosis, invasion and migration of CAL27. In addition, western blot was used to exam the expression level of NUDT1 and cleaved caspase-3 in different groups. Finally, the laser scanning microscope (LSM) was used to test the invadopodia formation level in different groups.Results: The bioinformatics analysis suggested that both mRNA and protein of NUDT1 overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and OSCC. Furthermore, the biological process of NUDT1 mainly enriched in response to oxidative stress, aging, response to cadmium ion and male gonad development in OSCC. the cellular component of NUDT1 mainly enriched in extracellular exosome, cytoplasm, plasma membrane and nucleus in OSCC. The molecular function of NUDT1 mainly enriched in protein binding in OSCC. Finally, the biological experiments confirmed that NUDT1-knockdown could inhibit the proliferation, invasion, migration and promote cell apoptosis of CAL27.Conclusion: The overexpressed NUDT1 is positively associated with the progression of OSCC which has much potential to be new target in targeted therapy of OSCC.
Association of liver cirrhosis with the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a SEER-based cohort study
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Hong , Zhang Yange 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The association of liver cirrhosis with the prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between liver cirrhosis (fibrosis score) and the long-term prognosis of patients with ICC.
Methods
SEER 18 registry from 2004 to 2015 was queried for this study. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to eliminate possible bias. In addition, multivariable analysis was utilized to adjust for potential confounders. The interaction test was performed to explore the impact of each stratified factor on the relationship between FS and patient survival. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were the major endpoints.
Results
During the study period, 359 patients (66.5%) with lower fibrosis score (LFS; F0-4) and 181 patients (33.5%) with higher fibrosis score (HFS; F5-6) were enrolled. In the multivariable adjusted cohort (OS: n = 540; DSS: n = 417), patients with HFS had worse OS (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.85; P = 0.007) and DSS (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.97; P = 0.013) compared to patients with LFS. In the propensity-matched cohort, patients with HFS still had worse OS (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.09; P = 0.016) and DSS (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.26; P = 0.026) compared to patients with LFS. In multivariable analyses stratified by clinicopathologic features, patients with HFS were found to have significantly worse OS and DSS compared to those with LFS across all the subgroups.
Conclusion
Our outcomes indicated that fibrosis score is an independent risk factor for both overall and tumor-specific survival of ICC patients.
Deep Learning Substitutes Gadolinium in Detecting Functional and Structural Brain Lesions with MRI
Authors: Liu Chen , Zhu Nanyan , Sikka Dipika , Feng Xinyang , Sun Haoran , Liu Xueqing , Gjerswold-Selleck Sabrina , Wei Hong-Jian , Upadhyayula Pavan , Mela Angeliki , Canoll Peter , Wu Cheng-Chia , Laine Andrew , Lieberman Jeffrey , Provenzano Frank , Small Scott , Guo Jia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
While MRI contrast agents such as those based on Gadolinium are needed to enhance the detection of structural and functional brain lesions, there are rising concerns over their safety. Here, we hypothesize that a deep learning model, trained using quantitative steady-state contrast-enhanced MRI datasets in mice and humans, could generate contrast-equivalent information from a single non-contrast MRI scan. The model was first trained, optimized, and validated in mice. It was then transferred and adapted to human data, and we find that it can substitute Gadolinium-based contrast agents for detecting functional lesions caused by aging, Schizophrenia, or Alzheimer’s disease, and, for enhancing structural lesions caused by brain or breast tumors. Since derived from a commonly-acquired MRI, this framework has the potential for broad clinical utility and can be applied retrospectively to research scans across a host of diseases.
Will the Strength of the Clavicle Plate be Increased by Inserting Small Screws into the Empty Holes above the Fracture Site?
Authors: Kim Dae-Geun , Kim Soo Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Open reduction and plate fixation is the standard surgery for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures because of biomechanical stability. Implant failure like plate breakage or deformation is the most serious complication of plate fixation. Several plate designs for midshaft clavicle fractures have been introduced, but traditional superior plate has been mostly used.Methods: We generated the clavicle 3D image using the computed tomography (CT) of the left normal clavicle of a 54-year-old female, and then made the comminuted midshaft clavicle fracture model with 10-mm fracture site gap. The fracture model was fixed with 7-hole superior locking compression plate. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed between the presence (model B) and absence (model A) of screws above the fracture site.Results: The average peak stress from the cantilever bending force was much greater than the peak stress from the axial compression and axial torsion force. This means that the cantilever loading force is the main force which could cause plate breakage or deformation. The maximal stress of the model B was lower than the one of the model A. Therefore, model B showed superior biomechanical property than model A under all loading conditions, especially cantilever bending force.Conclusions: The peak stress of the superior clavicle plate could be decreased just by inserting a small screw into the screw hole above the fracture site.
Two Updates on Oesophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma from the Fifth WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System: Alteration of Definition and Emphasis on HER2 Test.
Authors: Li Yunzhu , Li Jiayu , Li Manji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The incidence of oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma has increased rapidly but remains controversial over the last decades. There are two crucial updates of the fifth World Health Organization(WHO) classification, including the alteration of its definition and the emphasize on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) test.Methods: A total of 566 clinicopathological samples from patients who were diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. We comprehensively compared the clinicopathological features of oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma between fourth (V4.0) and fifth (V5.0) WHO version. The clinicalpathological features among oesophagogastric junction, proximal and distal gastric tumors with fourth and fifth edition were also compared, respectively. Besides, we discussed the correlation of the HER2-expression with clinicopathological features according to the V5.0. Results: The results showed that the difference was mainly between oesophagogastric junction and distal adenocarcinoma in V4.0, while some were found between proximal and distal adenocarcinoma in V5.0. Tumors invading oesophagus more than 3cm were still mainly oesophagogastric junction tumors. The expression of HER2 in oesophagogastric junction and proximal gastric adenocarcinoma was still higher than that in gastric body and distal site.Conclusions: The clinicopathological parameters of the oesophagogastric junction tumors changed to some extent in the updated WHO version. The proximal gastric tumors tended to be more invasive, rather than that located in oesophagogastric junction. But the latter with oesophageal invasion required additional management. The HER2-expression of oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma is the highest. The classification of the V5.0 is reasonable and worth a recommendation.
LPG for Free? A Difference-in-Differences approach to analyze effect on adoption of India’s PMUY LPG program
Authors: Gill-Wiehl Annelise , Brown Timothy , Smith Kirk R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In 2016, India introduced the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) policy, which offers below-the-poverty-line (BPL) households a free liquified petroleum gas (LPG) connection. Using a difference-in-differences approach with a non-equivalent comparison group, we provide causal evidence of the effect of the PMUY policy on the probability of obtaining an LPG connection, overall LPG consumption, and clean cooking access. Overall, the policy led to a 3.3-to-3.6 percentage point increase in the probability of obtaining an LPG connection for PMUY-eligible households. We also find that PMUY-households will consume 7.4 fewer kgs of LPG per year than the comparison group and no effect on the tier level of clean cooking access or opting for home delivery. Our work suggests the need to expand the policy to address consumption and the Clean Cooking Tier Group. Finally, this analysis advocates investigation into the size of the refill subsidy beyond simply improved targeting of BPL households.
What Alternative and Innovative Sources of Healthcare Finance Can be Explored for the Sustainability of the National Health Insurance Scheme of Ghana? Perspectives of Health Managers
Authors: Laar Alexander Suuk , Asare Michael , Dalinjong Philip Ayizem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSustainable healthcare financing is one of the key components for the achievement of universal health coverage (UHC) globally. This study explored health managers views on alternative and sustainable healthcare financing sources for the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ghana. MethodsA qualitative study using in-depth interviews with 16 health facility managers were held. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. A written consent was obtained from participants prior to participation in the interview. Data was transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic framework approach. Results All the participants indicated reimbursement of claims to health facilities by the NHIS as the main challenge. They attributed reasons to inadequate provision of funds from Government and the National Health Insurance Authority. Concerns were raised about how the situation affected health managers’ delivery of services to insured clients. Participants suggested exploring of additional funding sources by levying of special taxes on incomes from local natural resources and telecommunication service companies in Ghana to raise additional funds. Conclusion The findings of this study are important to government of Ghana and similar settings in LMICs who are working towards sustainable financing of their UHC system.
Myricitrin Attenuates Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats by Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Nrf2/HO-1/ARE Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yan Ting , Lu Man 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present study has been explored the neuroprotective efficacy of myricitrin and unveil the mechanism of action via the regulation of Nrf2/ HO-1/ARE-dependent signaling cascade in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) induced brain injury of neonatal rats. Upon HI operation neonatal rats received 20 and 40mg/kg bw of myricitrin as intraperitoneally up to one week twice in a day. Myricitrin administration augmented HI induced increase of infarct volume and oedema of the brain, as well as improve neurobehavioral impairments. Further, we measured the level the antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress marker level of ROS, NO and product of lipid peroxidation. These data support the well-established radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of myricitrin corresponds to a significant decline in most vulnerable radical formation with an obvious increase in antioxidant enzyme content. Interestingly, myricitrin source a significant reduction in NF-κB p65 and inflammatory marker gene expression, while reducing levels of the nuclear fraction of Nrf2- antioxidant response element (ARE) and cytosolic fraction of HO-1 enzyme activation. The results substantiate the efficiency of myricitrin an activation of Nrf2/ARE-dependent HO-1 pathway via improve defense mechanism and mitigate oxidative stress associated neuroprotective effect