bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity of some Apiaceae essential oils and their constituents against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Rosa J. S. , Oliveira L. , Sousa R. M. O. F. , Escobar C. B. , Fernandes-Ferreira M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSitophilus zeamais is a key pest of stored grains. Its control is made, usually, using synthetic insecticides, despite their negative impacts. Botanical insecticides with fumigant/repellent properties may offer an alternative solution. This work describes the effects of Anethum graveolens, Petroselinum crispum, Foeniculum vulgare and Cuminum cyminum essential oils (EOs) and (S)-carvone, cuminaldehyde, estragole and (+)-fenchone towards adults of S. zeamais. Acute toxicity was assessed by fumigation and topical application. Repellence was evaluated by an area preference bioassay and two-choice test, using maize grains. LC50 determined by fumigation ranged from 51.8 to 535.8 mg L−1 air, with (S)-carvone being the most active. LD50 values for topical applications varied from 23 to 128 µg per adult for (S)-carvone > cuminaldehyde > A. graveolens > C. cyminum > P. crispum. All EOs/standard compounds reduced significantly the percentage of insects attracted to maize grains (65–80%) in the two-choice repellence test, whereas in the area preference bioassay RD50 varied from 1.4 to 45.2 µg cm−2, with cuminaldehyde, (S)-carvone and estragole being strongly repellents. Petroselinum crispum EO and cuminaldehyde affected the nutritional parameters relative growth rate, efficiency conversion index of ingested food and antifeeding effect, displaying antinutritional effects toward S. zeamais. In addition, P. crispum and C. cyminum EOs, as well as cuminaldehyde, showed the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in vitro (IC50 = 185, 235 and 214.5 µg mL−1, respectively). EOs/standard compounds exhibited acute toxicity, and some treatments showed antinutritional effects towards S. zeamais. Therefore, the tested plant products might be good candidates to be considered to prevent damages caused by this pest.
Basal differences in the transcriptional profiles of tomato leaves associated with the presence/absence of the resistance geneMi-1and changes in these differences after infestation by the whiteflyBemisia tabaci
Authors: Rodríguez-Alvarez Clara I. , López-Vidriero Irene , Franco-Zorrilla José M. , Nombela Gloria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe tomatoMi-1gene mediates plant resistance to whiteflyBemisia tabaci, nematodes, and aphids. Other genes are also required for this resistance, and a model of interaction between the proteins encoded by these genes was proposed. Microarray analyses were used previously to identify genes involved in plant resistance to pests or pathogens, but scarcely in resistance to insects. In the present work, the GeneChip™ Tomato Genome Array (Affymetrix®) was used to compare the transcriptional profiles of Motelle (bearingMi-1) and Moneymaker (lackingMi-1) cultivars, both before and afterB. tabaciinfestation. Ten transcripts were expressed at least twofold in uninfested Motelle than in Moneymaker, while other eight were expressed half or less. After whitefly infestation, differences between cultivars increased to 14 transcripts expressed more in Motelle than in Moneymaker and 14 transcripts less expressed. Half of these transcripts showed no differential expression before infestation. These results show the baseline differences in the tomato transcriptomic profile associated with the presence or absence of theMi-1gene and provide us with valuable information on candidate genes to intervene in either compatible or incompatible tomato–whitefly interactions.
Peltigera shennongjiana, a new cyanolichen from Central China
Authors: HAN Liu-Fu , YANG Jing-Yuan , BEI Shu-Qing , GUO Shou-Yu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs part of our ongoing research on Peltigera, we recognize a morphologically and phylogenetically distinct new species, Peltigera shennongjiana L. F. Han & S. Y. Guo, from the Shennongjia region of Central China. It is distinguished from other members of the P. canina-group by the presence of abundant phyllidia and flat, branched lobules along the margin or laminal cracks, short lobes, and a pruinose, usually greyish upper surface. The various populations sampled share identical ITS nr DNA sequences, of which the ITS2 regions are characterized by a unique secondary structure. Furthermore, we provide a detailed comparison of the characteristics of P. shennongjiana with morphologically similar species and a key to Peltigera species reported from China.
No evidence of associations between genetic liability for schizophrenia and development of cannabis use disorder
Authors: Hjorthøj Carsten , Uddin Md Jamal , Wimberley Theresa , Dalsgaard Søren , Hougaard David M. , Børglum Anders , Werge Thomas , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) is increased in patients with schizophrenia. It is important to establish if this is explained by non-causal factors, such as shared genetic vulnerability. We aimed to investigate whether the polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders would predict CUD in controls, patients with schizophrenia, and patients with other psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe linked nationwide Danish registers and genetic information obtained from dried neonatal bloodspots in an observational analysis. We included people with schizophrenia, other psychiatric disorders, and controls. The exposures of interest were the PRS for schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) autism spectrum disorder, and anorexia nervosa. The main outcome of interest was the diagnosis of CUD.ResultsThe study included 88 637 individuals. PRS for schizophrenia did not predict CUD in controls [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16, 95% CI 0.95–1.43 per standard-deviation increase in PRS, or HR = 1.47, 95% CI 0.72–3.00 comparing highest v. remaining decile], but PRS for ADHD did (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.50 per standard-deviation increase, or HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.27–3.22 for the highest decile of PRS). Among cases with schizophrenia, the PRS for schizophrenia was associated with CUD. While CUD was a strong predictor of schizophrenia (HR = 4.91, 95% CI 4.36–5.53), the inclusion of various PRS did not appreciably alter this association.ConclusionThe PRS for schizophrenia was not associated with CUD in controls or patients with other psychiatric disorders than schizophrenia. This speaks against the hypothesis that shared genetic vulnerability would explain the association between cannabis and schizophrenia.
Comparing socio-economic inequalities in healthy ageing in the United States of America, England, China and Japan: evidence from four longitudinal studies of ageing
Authors: Lu Wentian , Pikhart Hynek , Sacker Amanda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHealthy ageing has become a popular topic worldwide. So far, a consensus measure of healthy ageing has not been reached; and no studies have compared the magnitude of socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing outside Europe. This study aims to create a universal measure of healthy ageing and compare socio-economic inequalities in healthy ageing in the United States of America (USA), England, China and Japan. We included 10,305 American, 6,590 English, 5,930 Chinese and 1,935 Japanese participants for longitudinal analysis. A harmonised healthy ageing index (HAI) was developed to measure healthy ageing multi-dimensionally. Educational, income and wealth rank scores were derived accounting for the entire socio-economic distribution and the sample size of each category of socio-economic indicator. Associations between socio-economic rank scores and HAIs were assessed using multi-level modelling to calculate the Slope Indices of Inequality. Healthy ageing trajectories were predicted based on the full-adjusted age-cohort models. We found that education was a universally influential socio-economic predictor of healthy ageing. Moving from the highest to the lowest educational groups was associated with a 6.7 (5.2–8.2), 8.2 (6.0–10.4), 13.9 (11.4–16.3) and 6.1 per cent (3.9–8.2%) decrease in average HAI at 60 years in the USA, England, China and Japan, respectively. After 60 years, the educational inequality in healthy ageing kept increasing in the USA and China. The educational inequality in healthy ageing in China was also greater than any other socio-economic inequality in the four countries. Wealth was more influential in predicting healthy ageing inequality among American, English and Japanese participants, while income was more influential among Chinese participants. The socio-economic inequality in healthy ageing in Japan was relatively small. Chinese and American participants had worse healthy ageing profiles than Japanese and English participants.
Populist stories of honest men and proud mothers: A visual narrative analysis
Authors: Freistein Katja , Gadinger Frank 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article proposes the methodological framework of visual narrative analysis through the study of images and narratives. We are interested in the appeal of political storytelling. In applying an approach of layered interpretation, we study images and slogans to consider the more complex underlying narratives in their political and cultural context. Our exploratory case studies draw on material from right-wing populist parties, namely election campaign posters from Germany and the UK as material for the analysis. We find that narratives operate with a ‘fantasmatic logic’, which adds fantasy to politics, to depoliticise and camouflage their radical intent and gain approval by making consent desirable. We identify two exemplary narratives (honest men under threat; proud mothers) that entrench traditional gender roles in accordance with patriarchy and nationalism. Theoretically, our approach contributes to debates in IR on cultural underpinnings in international politics and the construction of collective identities through shared/divided narratives. Visual narrative analysis provides a promising methodological tool for analysing visual representations in their productive relationship with text. This perspective foregrounds the power of political storytelling through fantasmatic appeal and fosters a better understanding of the global rise of populism.
Family matters in racial logics: Tracing intimacies, inequalities, and ideologies
Authors: Peterson V. Spike 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article seeks to advance our understanding of how intimate relations and racial logics are co-constituted and matter – subjectively, culturally, materially, and politically – in our colonial present of economic inequalities, nationalist populisms, anti-migrant discourses and xenophobic hostilities. Addressing these crisis conditions is urgent, yet critical interventions indicate that prevailing accounts inadequately address the scale, complexity, and fluidity of racisms operating today. This article proposes to think racial logics ‘otherwise’ by drawing on interdisciplinary scholarship and intersectional analytics to produce a genealogy of state/nation formation processes, imperial encounters, and legitimating ideologies that illuminates how ‘intimacy builds worlds’.1A deep history of political centralisation reveals that regulation of intimate, familial relations is a constitutive feature of successful state-making and crucial for understanding how modernity's ‘race difference’ is produced and how the racialisation of ‘Other’ (‘non-European’, undesirable) sexual/familial practices figures in contemporary crises. Locating intimate relations – ‘family’ – in (birthright) citizenship, immigration regimes, and political-economic frames helps clarify the amplification of global inequalities and the power of stigmatisations to fuel nationalist attachments and anti-migrant hostilities. Foregrounding intimacy and integrating typically disparate lines of inquiry advances our analyses of today's often opaque yet intense racisms and their globally problematic effects.
Theorizing Risk and Research: Methodological Constraints and Their Consequences
Authors: Swenson Geoffrey , Roll Kate 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTConflict, postconflict settings, and other risky research sites are important with wide-ranging policy implications. Microlevel, field-based research lends critical insights to how conflicts work and the mechanisms behind macrolevel correlations that underpin quantitative political science. This article identifies how the risks associated with conflict and postconflict contexts influence researchers’ choices by theorizing the existence of distinct adaptive strategies. Specifically, researchers facing elevated risk generally manage it through three main strategies: outsourcing risk, avoiding risk, and internalizing risk. We argue that these strategies systematically shape and circumscribe outputs. We conclude by discussing how the relationship between risky fieldwork and what we know about conflict is poorly acknowledged. Thinking about how we manage risk should play a larger role in both our preparation for and interpretation of research, particularly in conflict and postconflict contexts.
Complexity matching and lexical matching in monolingual and bilingual conversations
Authors: Schneider Sara , Ramirez-Aristizabal Adolfo G. , Gavilan Carol , Kello Christopher T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhen people interact, aspects of their speech and language patterns often converge in interactions involving one or more languages. Most studies of speech convergence in conversations have examined monolingual interactions, whereas most studies of bilingual speech convergence have examined spoken responses to prompts. However, it is not uncommon in multilingual communities to converse in two languages, where each speaker primarily produces only one of the two languages. The present study examined complexity matching and lexical matching as two measures of speech convergence in conversations spoken in English, Spanish, or both languages. Complexity matching measured convergence in the hierarchical timing of speech, and lexical matching measured convergence in the frequency distributions of lemmas produced. Both types of matching were found equally in all three language conditions. Taken together, the results indicate that convergence is robust to monolingual and bilingual interactions because it stems from basic mechanisms of coordination and communication.
Relative activity comparison of aminocyclopyrachlor to pyridine carboxylic acid herbicides
Authors: Sperry Benjamin P. , Dias José Luiz C. S. , Prince Candice M. , Ferrell Jason A. , Sellers Brent A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe pyridine carboxylic acid (PCA) herbicide family can exhibit differential activity within and among plant species, despite molecular resemblances. Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP), a pyrimidine carboxylic acid, is a recently discovered compound with similar use patterns to those of the PCA family; however, relative activity among PCAs and AMCP is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify relative activity among aminopyralid, picloram, clopyralid, triclopyr, and AMCP in canola, squash, and okra using dose-response whole-plant bioassays. Clopyralid was less active than all other herbicides in all species and did not fit dose-response models. Aminopyralid and picloram performed similarly in squash (ED50= 21.1 and 23.3 g ae ha−1, respectively). Aminopyralid was 3.8 times and 1.7 times more active than picloram in canola (ED50= 60.3 and 227.7 g ha−1, respectively) and okra (ED50= 10.3 and 17.3 g ha−1, respectively). Triclopyr (ED50= 37.3 g ha−1) was more active than AMCP (ED50= 112.9 g ha−1) and picloram in canola. Aminocyclopyrachlor (ED50= 6.6 g ha−1) and triclopyr (ED50= 7.8 g ha−1) were more active in squash than aminopyralid and picloram. In okra, AMCP (ED50= 14.6 g ha−1) and aminopyralid (ED50= 10.3 g ha−1) performed similarly but were more active than triclopyr (ED50= 88.2 g ha−1). Herbicidal activity among AMCP and PCAs was vastly different despite molecular similarities that could be due to variable target-site sensitivity among species.
Oxygen Ion Butterfly Distributions Observed in a Magnetotail Dipolarizing Flux Bundle
Authors: Zhao S. J. , Fu S. Y. , Sun W. J. , Zhou X. Z. , Pu Z. Y. , Xie L. , Wu T. , Xiong Y. , Zhang H. , Zong Q. G. , Yu F. B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCluster observed two intermittent oxygen ion (O+) flux enhancements with energy dispersions in a dipolarizing flux bundle, which is known as a region of enhanced northward magnetic field (Bz) embedded in the earthward high‐speed flow. The flux enhancements of O+ show clear pitch angle dependences, which are termed as butterfly distributions. Two corresponding flux enhancements of field‐aligned protons (H+) are also shown in its spectrum, but they are weaker and emerge later (~10 s) than those of O+. Simulation shows that both enhanced ion species are the counterstreaming populations. They originated from the lobe region and were driven into the center plasma sheet by the dawn‐dusk electric field (Ey). Backward tracing test‐particle simulations reproduce the butterfly O+ and the counterstreaming H+ distribution. The differences between O+ and H+ are because of their different gyroradii. The lobe O+ can arrive at the magnetic equatorial plane in less than one gyromotion due to its large gyroradius, and O+ with a larger field‐aligned velocity can arrive at the equatorial plane earlier, leading to the energy and pitch angle dependence. While H+ with similar energy can drift into dipolarizing flux bundle through electric field drift (E × B motion) and arrive at the equatorial plane through adiabatic motion, which consequently forms the field‐aligned flux enhancements in dipolarizing flux bundle, that is, the Bz‐dominant region. The simulation further confirms that intermittent increases of Ey component can produce the two intermittent flux enhancements, as indicated in the in situ observation.
Plasma Interaction Signatures of Plumes at Europa
Authors: Arnold Hannes , Liuzzo Lucas , Simon Sven 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe goal of our study is to present a systematic modeling framework for the identification of water vapor plumes in plasma and magnetic field data from spacecraft flybys of Europa. In particular, we determine the degree to which different plume configurations can be obscured by the interaction of Jupiter's magnetospheric plasma with Europa's induced dipole field and its global atmosphere. We apply the hybrid model AIKEF (kinetic ions, fluid electrons) to investigate the effect of inhomogeneities in Europa's atmosphere (plumes) on the plasma interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere. To systematically assess the magnitude and structure of the perturbations associated with the plume‐plasma interaction at Europa, we vary the plume location across Europa's surface while considering different symmetric and asymmetric density profiles of the moon's global atmosphere. To isolate the impact of a plume on Europa's magnetospheric environment, we also conduct model runs without any global atmosphere. To quantify the magnetic perturbations caused by plumes, we analyze the field components along hypothetical spacecraft trajectories through each plume. Conclusions of our study are (1) localized regions of stagnant flow are most indicative of the presence of a plume. (2) The visibility of plumes in the magnetic field strongly depends on the density profile (whether it is symmetric or asymmetric) of the global atmosphere. (3) The presence of an induced dipole complicates the identification of magnetic signatures associated with a plume and dominates Europa's magnetic environment in its intermediate vicinity. (4) Complex fine structures are visible in the tail of escaping plume ions.
Average Characteristics of Low‐Latitude Interhemispheric and F Region Dynamo Currents Deduced From the Swarm Satellite Constellation
Authors: Lühr Hermann , Kervalishvili Guram N. , Stolle Claudia , Rauberg Jan , Michaelis Ingo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBased on magnetic field data from the Swarm satellite constellation advanced estimates of field‐aligned and radial currents at middle and low latitudes can be derived. Detailed results have been obtained for low‐latitude (14°–35° magnetic latitude) interhemispheric field‐aligned currents related to the solar quiet (Sq) current system. The continuous data set of five years allows resolving the dependences on local time, season, and longitude. We confirm the known current flow from the southern to the northern hemisphere around June solstice. Unexpected results are obtained for the months following December. Stratospheric sudden warming events are suggested as a reason for that. These phenomena are known to amplify lunar tides and atmospheric planetary waves. Furthermore, we investigated the mean characteristic of the meridional current systems connected to the wind‐driven F region dynamo above the magnetic equator. Typical features of radially downward currents around noon and upward currents in the evening sector could be confirmed. From a detailed analysis of the connected field‐aligned current distribution we deduced that the mean altitude of the dynamo region is higher in the evening than around noon. And it appears also at greater heights in the western hemisphere than in the eastern. Special current configurations are encountered in the longitude range containing the South Atlantic Anomaly. Here summer‐like conditions are prevailing through all seasons. This infers that the ionospheric conductivity is significantly enhanced in this region of weak magnetic field strength.
A computationally inspired in-vivo approach identifies a link between amygdalar transcriptional heterogeneity, socialization and anxiety
Authors: Goldman Aaron , Smalley Joshua L. , Mistry Meeta , Krenzlin Harald , Zhang Hong , Dhawan Andrew , Caldarone Barbara , Moss Stephen J. , Silbersweig David A. , Lawler Sean E. , Braun Ilana M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPharmaceutical breakthroughs for anxiety have been lackluster in the last half-century. Converging behavior and limbic molecular heterogeneity has the potential to revolutionize biomarker-driven interventions. However, current in vivo models too often deploy artificial systems including directed evolution, mutations and fear induction, which poorly mirror clinical manifestations. Here, we explore transcriptional heterogeneity of the amygdala in isogenic mice using an unbiased multi-dimensional computational approach that segregates intra-cohort reactions to moderate situational adversity and intersects it with high content molecular profiling. We show that while the computational approach stratifies known features of clinical anxiety including nitric oxide, opioid and corticotropin signaling, previously unrecognized druggable biomarkers emerge, such as calpain11 and scand1. Through ingenuity pathway analyses, we further describe a role for neurosteroid estradiol signaling, heat shock proteins, ubiquitin ligases and lipid metabolism. In addition, we report a remarkable behavioral pattern that maps to molecular features of anxiety in mice through counterphobic social attitudes, which manifest as increased, yet spatially distant socialization. These findings provide an unbiased approach for interrogating anxiolytics, and hint toward biomarkers underpinning behavioral and social patterns that merit further exploration.