bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization Pathways of Iron Formations: Insights From Magnetic Properties and High‐Resolution Imaging of the 2.7 Ga Carajás Formation, Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Livia , Carlut Julie , Rego Eric Siciliano , Trindade Ricardo I.F. , Philippot Pascal 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBanded iron formations (BIFs) are chemical sedimentary rocks commonly utilized for exploring the chemistry and redox state of the Precambrian ocean. Despite their significance, many aspects regarding the crystallization pathways of iron oxides in BIFs remain loosely constrained. In this study, we combine magnetic properties characterization with high‐resolution optical and electron imaging of finely laminated BIFs from the 2.7 Ga Carajás Formation, Brazil, to investigate their nature and potential for preserving ancient environmental conditions. Our findings reveal that magnetite, in the form of large 0.1–0.5 mm crystals, is the main iron oxide, with an overall averaged saturation magnetization (Ms) of 25 Am2/kg (corresponding to ~27 wt% of magnetite) over the studied 230 m of the sequence. Nevertheless, the non‐negligible contribution of minerals with higher coercivity suggests variable proportions of hematite along the core. Additionally, we observe non‐uniform behavior in magnetite grains, with distinct populations identified through low‐temperature measurements of the Verwey transition. Petrographic observations indicate that the original sediment was an Fe–Si mud consisting of a ferrihydrite–silica mixture formed in the water column. This assemblage was rapidly transformed into nano‐scale hematite embedded in silica as indicated by a honeycomb structure composed of Si‐spherules distributed in a microscale hematite matrix. Textural relationships show that the nucleation of magnetite started during or soon after the formation of hematite, as indicated by the preservation of the Si‐spherules within magnetite cores. Further magnetite overgrowth stages are characterized by inclusion‐free rims, associated with continuous Si supply during the evolving diagenetic or early metamorphic stages. These findings, combined with existing literature, suggest that ferrihydrite precipitated alongside Si and organic material, later crystallizing as hematite on the seafloor. Anaerobic respiration by Fe(III)‐reducing microorganisms likely contributed to early magnetite formation in a fluid‐saturated, unconsolidated sediment. Subsequent low‐grade metamorphism and Si mobilization led to palisade quartz precipitation and a second stage of magnetite growth likely formed at the expense of matrix hematite through thermochemical Fe(III) reduction. Low‐temperature magnetic analyses revealed that the two generations of magnetite core and rim are associated with specific stoichiometry.
TavWA1 is critical for wheat growth by modulating cell morphology and arrangement
Authors: Chang Guowei , Li Yue , Peng Lei , Shen Chuncai , Lu Yipeng , Teng Wan , Liu Yangyang , Wang Yingchun , Zhu Weiqi , Liu Cuimin , He Xue , Tong Yiping , Zhao Xueqiang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPlant growth is determined by the production of cells and initiation of new organs. Exploring genes that control cell number and cell size is of great significance for understanding plant growth regulation. In this study, we characterized two wheat mutants, ah and dl, with abnormal growth. The ah mutant is a naturally occurring variant characterized by severe dwarfism, increased tiller number, and reduced grain length, while the dl mutant is derived from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)‐mutagenized population and exhibits smaller grain size and slightly reduced plant height. Cytological analyses revealed abnormal cell number, cell morphology and arrangement in the stems and leaves of the ah mutant, along with reduced cell length in the grains of the dl mutant. Map‐based cloning identified that both mutants carry mutations in the same gene TavWA1‐7D, which encodes a protein with a von Willebrand factor A (vWA) domain. The ah mutant harbors a 174‐bp insertion in the 1,402‐bp coding sequence (CDS) of TavWA1‐7D, causing premature termination of protein translation, while the dl mutant contains a Glu420Lys substitution. Mimicking the TavWA1‐7Dah through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9‐mediated genome editing leads to a severe dwarfism phenotype. The C‐terminus of the protein is crucial for its correct subcellular localization and interaction, supporting its critical role for TavWA1‐7D function. Proteomic analysis showed that the dwarf phenotype of the ah mutant is associated with impaired photosynthesis, ribosome function, and nucleosome formation. Additionally, TavWA1‐7D interacts with an E3 ligase, TaVIP1‐3B, the expression levels of which are elevated in both mutants. Overexpression and knockout studies of TaVIP1‐3B demonstrated its negative regulatory role in cell length and grain size. Together, our findings suggest that TavWA1‐7D plays a vital role in regulating wheat growth and yield‐related traits, with the dl mutant's short grain phenotype being associated with TaVIP1‐3B expression levels.
Structures of PSI–FCPI from Thalassiosira pseudonana grown under high light provide evidence for convergent evolution and light‐adaptive strategies in diatom FCPIs
Authors: Feng Yue , Li Zhenhua , Yang Yang , Shen Lili , Li Xiaoyi , Liu Xueyang , Zhang Xiaofei , Zhang Jinyang , Ren Fei , Wang Yuan , Liu Cheng , Han Guangye , Wang Xuchu , Kuang Tingyun , Shen Jian‐Ren , Wang Wenda 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDiatoms rely on fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c‐binding proteins (FCPs) for light harvesting and energy quenching under marine environments. Here we report two cryo‐electron microscopic structures of photosystem I (PSI) with either 13 or five fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c‐binding protein Is (FCPIs) at 2.78 and 3.20 Å resolutions from Thalassiosira pseudonana grown under high light (HL) conditions. Among them, five FCPIs are stably associated with the PSI core, these include Lhcr3, RedCAP, Lhcq8, Lhcf10, and FCP3. The eight additional Lhcr‐type FCPIs are loosely associated with the PSI core and detached under the present purification conditions. The pigments of this centric diatom showed a higher proportion of chlorophylls a, diadinoxanthins, and diatoxanthins; some of the chlorophyll as and diadinoxanthins occupy the locations of fucoxanthins found in the huge PSI–FCPI from another centric diatom Chaetoceros gracilis grown under low‐light conditions. These additional chlorophyll as may form more energy transfer pathways and additional diadinoxanthins may form more energy dissipation sites relying on the diadinoxanthin–diatoxanthin cycle. These results reveal the assembly mechanism of FCPIs and corresponding light‐adaptive strategies of T. pseudonana PSI–FCPI, as well as the convergent evolution of the diatom PSI–FCPI structures.
Association Between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Critically Ill Patients With Pressure Injury: Analysis of the MIMIC‐IV Database
Authors: Zhang Yilei , Qin Chuan , Xu Li , Zhao Mengjia , Zheng Jinan , Hua Weilong , Wei Yutian , Zhang Guanghao , Huang Xiaoling , Chen Rundong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAims and ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the occurrence of Pressure injury (PI) in elderly Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients.BackgroundPI represent a significant health concern within ICU, where the occurrence of such injuries is notably high among critically ill patients. However, few studies have explored the relationship between GNRI and PI.DesignA longitudinal, single‐centre, retrospective study.MethodsThe study utilised GNRI calculation to identify PI occurrences. A comprehensive set of covariates was analysed, including demographic information, severity of illness scores, comorbidities, therapeutic interventions, vital signs and laboratory values. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves, supplemented by a doubly robust estimation method and propensity score modelling. This study follows the STROBE‐nut checklist.ResultsAmong 5327 critically ill patients enrolled in the study, with a median age of 76 years, of which 2339 were females, representing 43.91% of the total study population. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that with each unit increase in the GNRI, the likelihood of PI occurrence decreased by 3.7% in the fully adjusted model. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in PI occurrence among patients deemed to have no risk compared to those identified as at‐risk.ConclusionsGNRI emerges as a significant, independent predictor of PI risk in elderly ICU patients, underscoring the importance of nutritional assessment and management in this population.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study highlights the critical importance of nutritional assessment, specifically through GNRI, in early identification and prevention of pressure injuries among elderly ICU patients, underscoring the need for integrated nutritional strategies in clinical settings.No Patient or Public ContributionThis is a retrospective cohort study, and no patients or the public were involved in the design and conduct of the study.
Divorce among more and less divorce‐prone populations following unilateral divorce laws
Authors: Andersson Linus , Saarela Jan , Uggla Caroline 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study analyzes heterogeneity in divorce rates after the 1987 transition from mutual consent to unilateral no‐fault divorce in Finland.BackgroundMarriage and divorce legislation can impact divorce rates. However, some groups may be more responsive to changes in legal context than others. We propose that unilateral no‐fault divorce laws either (a) increase divorce more in more or less divorce‐prone groups, or (b) increase divorce equally across these groups.MethodsWe use population‐wide individual‐level register data from Finland to identify salient social groups with different divorce propensity, including ethno‐linguistic and religious affiliations with divergent divorce propensity and couples of different parental status, marriage length, and marital history. We use piecewise constant exponential survival models to estimate the association with divorce proneness before and after the introduction of mutual consent divorce laws.ResultsDivorce rates increase in all studied subgroups by about 60% in the years following unilateral divorce. We found no support for the hypothesis that groups that were either more or less divorce‐prone prior to the reform would be particularly responsive to divorce liberalization in the short‐to‐medium term.ConclusionsThe findings speak toward a universal rather than heterogeneous effect of divorce law liberalization.
Nationalist political elites and territorial disputes: A cross‐national investigation
Authors: Kwon Jaebeom , Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study explores the consequences of nationalist governing elites for states' territorial behaviours. We argue that political elites who promote nationalist ideologies and stoke nationalistic fervour are often more inclined to initiate or escalate territorial disputes with other nations. They are likely to perceive greater values of territory, while they underestimate the perceived costs associated with territorial disputes. Analysing all territorial claims from 1901 to 2001, our research reveals compelling evidence that nationalistic political elites are more likely to initiate territorial disputes and less likely to seek peaceful resolutions, particularly when the contested territory possesses intangible salience.
The gut microbiome and eating behavior outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Chimera Bernadette , Hoobler Rachel , Deschasaux‐Tanguy Mélanie , Van Merris Eugenie , Roels Ophelia , Playdon Mary , Michels Nathalie , Huybrechts Inge 
Published: December 2024

SummaryBackgroundDysfunctional eating behaviors, and their modulators, are an important component in the prevalence of malnutrition. The gut microbiome, acting through the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis, is implicated as a modifiable factor in eating behavior. ObjectivesThis systematic review investigated the influence of the gut microbiome on human eating behavior and their modulators (appetite, satiety, energy/food intake, weight loss/gain).MethodsLiterature was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until July 2022. In total, 37 studies were included, with interventions including pre/post/syn‐biotics. The primary outcome was eating behaviors, and their modulators.ResultsThe gut microbiome was associated with eating behaviors, and their modulators, in 28 studies, particularly affecting appetite/appetite hormones, energy/food intake, and weight gain. Intake of probiotics and synbiotics were inconsistently related to appetite and appetite hormone levels, (n = 6 and n = 2 respectively). Prebiotic supplementation showed a consistent trend in the reduction of appetite (n = 4), regulation of appetite hormone levels (n = 10), and increase in self‐reported satiety (n = 4). Conversely, energy intake (n = 18) and weight gain/loss (n = 7) were inconsistently associated with probiotic interventions across studies, populations, and interventions. In terms of quality of evidence, most publications had a high risk or some concerns of risk of bias, with fewer than 25% falling into the low‐risk category.ConclusionThis review provides an overview of the links between the gut microbiome and human eating behavior across human phenotypes. While explicit associations between specific microbiome taxa and eating behavior are identified, further evidence is needed to substantiate causal relationships. Future research with standardized methods and prospective designs is needed.
Tenosynovitis with psammomatous calcification—Analysis by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy
Authors: Sonobe Yuta , Hasegawa Hiromasa , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Takamiya Hisatake , Yamawaki Yuka , Konishi Eiichi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTenosynovitis with psammomatous calcification (TPC) is an extremely rare condition. It was first described as a characteristic subtype of idiopathic calcifying tenosynovitis, with only 40 cases reported to date. Here, we present a case of TPC affecting a female patient in her late teens, with no relevant medical history. She presented with discomfort and pain in the right first toe. A 10‐mm mushroom‐like calcified mass was observed in the metatarsophalangeal joint on radiographs. The surgical specimen revealed chronic synovitis with calcification. Numerous psammomatous bodies are observed in the synovium, often with granulomatous reactions. After removal of the mass, no recurrence has been observed for 5 years. Although the etiology of TPC has been suggested to be related to repetitive trauma to the tendon or peritendinous soft tissue, the composition and mechanism of calcification remain unclear because of its rarity. In this report, we also discuss the calcification mechanism in TPC, supported by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy findings.
On the Possibility of Extending the Crack Length Criterion in the Master Curve Methodology
Authors: Sánchez Marcos , Cicero Sergio , Obermeier Florian , Serrano Marta , Chiu Yu-Lung , Altstadt Eberhard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Master Curve (MC) methodology is a well-known approach utilized to characterize the ductile-to-brittle transition region (DBTR) of ferritic–pearlitic steels. This methodology was initially standardized in ASTM E1921 in 1997 and has undergone continuous evolution and improvement since its origin. However, the validity criterion for the crack aspect ratio (0.45 ≤ a0/W ≤ 0.55) has remained unchanged since its inception. It is worth noting that this criterion was originally established in accordance with standard ASTM E399, which characterizes fracture conditions under linear-elastic plane strain conditions, apparently for historical precedents rather than any scientific rationale. Furthermore, ASTM E1820, which is employed to characterize the fracture behavior of metallic materials in elastic–plastic conditions, permits a maximum crack length-to-width ratio of 0.70. In this context and considering that ASTM E1921 measures KJc (elastic–plastic) values of the fracture toughness, our research seeks to empirically demonstrate that the crack length-to-width criteria established in ASTM E1921 can be increased up to 0.60, without compromising the accuracy of the reference temperature calculations, at least for the specific datasets used in this work. Such a correction would offer significant advantages, especially when dealing with mini-C(T) specimens. Their subsize dimensions may result in the discarding of numerous specimens that could otherwise be effectively employed for reference temperature calculations. More research is recommended to provide additional validation of the crack aspect ratio upper limit proposed here, and even to explore the possibility of further extensions.
Turbulence Measurements in Axial Turbines Using Fast Response Aerodynamic Pressure Probes
Authors: Notaristefano Andrea , Persico Giacomo , Gaetani Paolo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Improving the comprehension of turbomachinery fluid-dynamics is vital to increase their performance and calls for the development or extension of advanced instrumentation. In this context, novel data acquisition and data reduction techniques have been recently developed at Politecnico di Milano for turbulence measurements performed with fast-response aerodynamic pressure probes (FRAPPs). These improvements address a gap in the capabilities of such probes, as turbulence data were among the few, yet very important, information they could provide only on a quality level. At first, the technique is validated against hot-wire measurements on a low-speed wind tunnel, where a combustor simulator is inserted with or without an upstream turbulence grid generator. Second, the developed methodology is applied downstream of both the stator and the rotor of a single-stage axial turbine, where the probe robustness and reliability are fully exploited to gain crucial flow information also in a harsh flow environment, where the use of hot wires might be critical. In this article, the measured turbulence intensity using FRAPP is compared among three different operating conditions obtained by changing the rotor rotational speed. Furthermore, the article explores the impact of nonuniform stage inlet conditions, which resemble the combustor outlet disturbances, on the stator and rotor flow features. The regions with the highest turbulence levels are observed in areas characterized by secondary flows, wakes, end-walls, and the residual swirl profile. The stator–rotor interaction contributes to the turbulence generation both downstream of the stator and the rotor. Additionally, an increase in blade loading corresponds to higher intensity in secondary flows, leading to elevated turbulence levels at the rotor exit. The injection of combustor nonuniformities has a diminished impact as the rotor load increases, given that the flow field becomes predominantly influenced by strong secondary flows.
Dent-Weld Interaction for Strain Assessment
Authors: Liu Taojun , Holliday Chris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dents are an integrity threat to oil and gas pipelines. Due to the higher perceived risk of cracking associated with dents on welds, the acceptability thresholds for dents interacting with welds are more stringent than that for plain dents in the pipe body. Similar to the depth based criteria, when curvature strain assessment is utilized to determine dent acceptability, the acceptability threshold for a plain dent on the pipe body and a dent interacting with a weld is 6% (material specific limits are also available) and 4%, respectively.
When applying these screening criteria based on in-line inspection data, one practical challenge is to determine whether a dent is interacting with weld or not. Since weld interaction directly dictates the dent acceptability threshold, it affects repair decisions and hence may have a large impact on a pipeline operators’ budget and potentially pipeline safety. Overly conservative dent-weld interaction rules can cause unnecessary repair or investigation; whereas non-conservative dent-weld interaction rules may lead to injurious and non-compliant dents left in place unrepaired.
This paper presents a study of the dent-weld interaction rules from strain assessment perspective. A strain assessment database with greater than 9,000 dents, detected and measured by ILI, was utilized in this study to investigate the potential of applying existing dent-weld interaction criteria for strain assessment purposes. Recommendations are made with respect to applying such criteria for dent screening based on ILI data.
Performance-Based Seismic Assessment for Pipelines and Related Midstream Facilities
Authors: Farrow Kenny T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The safety and reliability of pipelines and piping components for any infrastructure network are crucial, particularly in regions prone to seismic activity. Since midstream facilities play a key role in the energy supply and water conveyance chains, safeguarding these assets from earthquakes is paramount as the consequence of failure can be devastating, leading to, for example, possible immediate loss of life at facilities or complete loss of water supply across municipalities. Particularly for the latter, in a worst-case scenario, the complete loss of water supply would have significant chain-reaction effects in cases where water is required for post-earthquake response and recovery (e.g., firefighting, medical, sanitation, industrial cooling, potable water, etc.)
Seismic events pose unique challenges for pipelines and facility piping systems. Unlike buildings or bridges, pipelines are elongated structures that traverse diverse terrains, making their response to ground motion complex and site-specific. Specifically, these systems often span long distances, passing through different geological conditions and interacting with various structures. A performance-based seismic assessment addresses these challenges by moving beyond the traditional “life safety only” approach, which focuses solely on preventing collapse, using traditional seismic assessments that rely on prescriptive codes and standards to consider the functionality of the system after an earthquake. The ever-evolving field of earthquake engineering has paved the way for the use of this more sophisticated approach. Performance-based seismic design is particularly relevant for pipelines and facility piping, where continued operation is critical even in the aftermath of a seismic event. This methodology also addresses the fact that damaged sustained by pipeline assets may not be easily distinguishable and will require screening and triage based on measured ground shaking and observed condition of the asset.
Performance-based seismic design methodology offers a comprehensive understanding of the behavior and resiliency of pipelines and facility piping systems under seismic ground shaking, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of their performance, and required post-earthquake mitigations. This work summarizes a performance-based approach with distinct levels of assessment, ranging from visual inspection-level screening to detailed assessments based on site-specific response measurements (e.g., accelerometers, fiber optics), that facilitate quick interpretation and execution of pipeline asset mitigation strategies, as required.