bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Electrochemical Sensing of NADH and NAD+ Using Graphene/Tungstate Nanocomposite Modified Electrode
Authors: Nagarajan Ramila D , Murugan Preethika , Sundramoorthy Ashok K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReduced form of β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and its oxidized form (NAD+) are the main cofactors involved in more than 300 dehydrogenase reactions. NAD+ is one of the important oxidizing agent for the oxidation of alcohol, aldehyde and ketones. Similarly, NADH has been used for the treatment of Alzheimer and Parkinson's diseases. Herein, we have reported synthesis of graphene flakes by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in sodium tungstate solution. It was found that tungstate (WO42−) and hydroxyl (OH−) ions were intercalated into graphite layers and enabled the production of graphene flakes. As‐obtained graphene flakes were characterized by UV‐Visible (UV‐Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), Raman, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and High‐resolution transmission electron microscopies (HR‐TEM). FT‐IR, Raman and EDX analysis were confirmed that tungstate (WO42−) ions were present on the surface of graphene flakes. Moreover, graphene‐WO42− (Gr−W) dispersion was prepared by probe‐sonication to form a thin‐film on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (Gr−W/GCE). Interestingly, Gr‐W modified GCE reduced the overpotentials of NADH oxidation and NAD+ reduction. This new senor was also showed linear responses for NADH and NAD+ from 10–270 μM and 100–500 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the selectivity of the Gr−W/GCE was tested in the presence of L‐tyrosine, L‐isoleucine, L‐alanine, glutathione, dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), oxalic acid (OA), glucose, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), acetaminophen (PA), potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl). It was found that selective detection of both NADH and NAD+ could be achieved by using Gr−W/GCE. Finally, the real application of the sensor was demonstrated by accurately detecting spiked NADH concentrations in human blood serum. The recovery analysis was also confirmed that Gr−W/GCE could be useful to detect NADH in biological samples.
The Oxidation of S‐Acetyl by Nitrite: Mechanism and Application
Authors: Ge Jian‐Tao , Zhang Le‐Feng , Pu Liang , Zhang Ying , Pei Zhi‐Chao , Dong Hai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStraightforward S‐S bond formation via the oxidation of S‐acetyl group by nitrite was observed and the mechanism was explored in this study. The observed reaction was found to be initiated via a S‐nitrosylation followed by the S‐S bond formation that accompanies nitrite oxide (NO) release. The reaction approach was further analyzed by quantum chemical studies, surpporting a mechanism of first generating nitrous ester. Unlike S‐nitrosylation between thiols and nitrite proceeding at a strong alkaline condition due to the formation of hydroxyl anion, the S‐nitrosylation between S‐acetyl and nitrite proceed at a condition close to neutrality due to the formation of acetate instead. Using this reaction, per‐O‐acetylated glycosyl disulfides were obtained in high yields at mild condition. Furthermore, per‐O‐acetylated glycosyl 1‐thiols were also efficiently prepared starting from per‐acetylated 1‐thio‐glycoses in a one‐pot reaction including the oxidation of S‐acetyl group by nitrite and the reduction of disulfides.
Reliability analysis of the residual moment capacity of high‐strength concrete beams after elevated temperatures
Authors: Li Zhiwei , Xiao Jianzhuang , Xie Qinghai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of tests were conducted to study the variability of the residual compressive strength for high‐strength concrete (HSC) after elevated temperatures, and then a calculation process was developed to study the reliability of the residual moment capacity of HSC beams after a fire. The experimental results indicated that the mean values and the characteristic values of the residual compressive strength of HSC were reduced with the increasing elevated temperatures. The standard deviation of the residual compressive strength of HSC was increased when the temperature ranged from 20 to 400°C and decreased from 400 to 800°C. Regardless of the elevated temperatures, the residual compressive strength of HSC followed the normal distribution. The reliability index of the residual moment capacity of HSC beam was decreased with the increasing fire duration. The decrease rate of the reliability index became lower and kept constant when the section height–width ratio was beyond 2.75 and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio was higher than 1.43%. As the load effect ratio was increased, the decrease rate of the reliability index was reduced regardless of the section size, the height–width ratio, and the reinforcement ratio.
Alignment of Biological Sequences with Jalview
Authors: Procter James B. , Carstairs G. Mungo , Soares Ben , Mourão Kira , Ofoegbu T. Charles , Barton Daniel , Lui Lauren , Menard Anne , Sherstnev Natasha , Roldan-Martinez David , Duce Suzanne , Martin David M. A. , Barton Geoffrey J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we introduce core functionality of the Jalview interactive platform for the creation, analysis, and publication of multiple sequence alignments. A workflow is described based on Jalview’s core functions: from data import to figure generation, including import of alignment reliability scores from T-Coffee and use of Jalview from the command line. The accompanying notes provide background information on the underlying methods and discuss additional options for working with Jalview to perform multiple sequence alignment, functional site analysis, and publication of alignments on the web.
Fazit
Authors: Reuter Britta 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Fazit in Kapitel 11 setzt sich abschließend mit den Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen und Risiken der Öffnung des öffentlichen Einkaufs auseinander. Neben Optimierungsansätzen wie zum Beispiel der Reduktion von Schwächen zur Nutzung von Chancen oder Nutzung von Stärken zur Verwandlung von Risiken in Chancen, werden die Arbeitshypothesen und leitenden Forschungsfragen final bewertet. Unerwartete Forschungsergebnisse, eine Methodenkritik, das Aufzeigen wissenschaftlicher Lücken und Fragestellungen sowie der Ausblick der Verfasserin runden das Kapitel ab.
Internationale Best Practices als Vorbild für Deutschland
Authors: Reuter Britta 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIm 9. Kapitel werden Best Practices vorgestellt, die Anregungen geben sollen, wie eine Öffnung des öffentlichen Einkaufs umgesetzt werden kann. Eine Einbettung in ein gesamthaftes Vorgehen bestehend aus mehreren Maßnahmen, wie Frankreich und die Slowakei eindrücklich zeigen, erscheint sinnvoll, wenn der öffentliche Einkauf insgesamt auf nationaler Ebene verändert werden soll. Einzelne Best Practices können ganzheitliche Maßnahmen vervollständigen und darüber hinaus gute Anregungen für eigene Geschäftsmodelle geben.
Repeated double cross-validation applied to the PCA-LDA classification of SERS spectra: a case study with serum samples from hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Gurian Elisa , Di Silvestre Alessia , Mitri Elisa , Pascut Devis , Tiribelli Claudio , Giuffrè Mauro , Crocè Lory Saveria , Sergo Valter , Bonifacio Alois 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntense label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of serum samples were rapidly obtained on Ag plasmonic paper substrates upon 785 nm excitation. Spectra from the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients showed consistent differences with respect to those of the control group. In particular, uric acid was found to be relatively more abundant in patients, while hypoxanthine, ergothioneine, and glutathione were found as relatively more abundant in the control group. A repeated double cross-validation (RDCV) strategy was applied to optimize and validate principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) models. An analysis of the RDCV results indicated that a PCA-LDA model using up to the first four principal components has a good classification performance (average accuracy was 81%). The analysis also allowed confidence intervals to be calculated for the figures of merit, and the principal components used by the LDA to be interpreted in terms of metabolites, confirming that bands of uric acid, hypoxanthine, ergothioneine, and glutathione were indeed used by the PCA-LDA algorithm to classify the spectra.
Tsunamis from prospected mass failure on the Marsili submarine volcano flanks and hints for tsunami hazard evaluation
Authors: Gallotti G. , Zaniboni F. , Pagnoni G. , Romagnoli C. , Gamberi F. , Marani M. , Tinti S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Marsili Seamount (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is the largest submarine volcano in the Mediterranean Sea, located in the middle of the Marsili Basin, facing the Calabrian and Sicilian coasts on its eastern side, and the coasts of Sardinia on the opposite side. It has erupted in historical times, and its summit crest is affected by widespread hydrothermal activity. This study looks at mass failures taking place at different depths on the flanks of the volcano and estimates their associated tsunamigenic potential. Mass failure, tsunami generation, and propagation have been simulated by means of numerical models developed by the Tsunami Research Team of the University of Bologna. In all, we consider five cases. Of these, three scenarios, one regarding a very small detachment and two medium-sized ones (between 2 and 3 km3 failure volume), have been suggested as possible failure occurrences in the published literature on a morphological basis and involve the north-eastern and north-western sectors of the volcano. The two additional cases, one medium-sized and one extreme, intended as a possible worst-case scenario (volume 17.6 km3), affecting the eastern flank. Results indicate that small-volume failures are not able to produce significant tsunamis; medium-size failures can produce tsunamis which dangerously affect the coasts if their detachment occurs in shallow water, i.e., involves the volcano crest; and extreme volume failures have the potential to create disastrous tsunamis. In all the simulations, tsunami waves appear to reach the Aeolian Islands in around 10 min and the coasts of Calabria and Sicily in 20 min. This study highlights that there is a potential for dangerous tsunamis generation from collapses of the Marsili volcano and as a consequence a need to intensify research on its status and stability conditions. More broadly, this investigation should also be extended to the other volcanic seamounts of the Tyrrhenian Sea, since their eruptive style, evolution, and tsunamigenic potential are still poorly known.
Auf dem Weg zum digitalen homo vitruvianus? Medizinisches Selftracking und digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) zwischen Empowerment und Kontrollverlust
Authors: Funer Florian 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungZunehmend gewinnen Health Apps an Bedeutung für eine präventive und eigenverantwortliche Ausrichtung des Gesundheitssystems. Die meisten dieser digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGA) basieren derzeit auf sog. Selftracking-Technologien, mit deren Hilfe physiologische und psychische Daten sensorgestützt aufgezeichnet und diese zumeist um personalisierte Alltagsinformationen ergänzt werden. Die digitalen Entwicklungen dieser Art lösten in den letzten Jahren eine intensive und deutlich polarisierte Debatte über die Chancen und Gefahren von gesundheitlichem Selftracking aus. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, nach einem kurzen Überblick über das Feld des medizinischen Selftracking den polarisierten Diskurs zunächst anhand seiner entscheidenden individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Potenziale zu systematisieren und zu prüfen. Es stellt sich heraus, dass Selbstvermessungstechniken keineswegs ein neues Phänomen, sondern vielmehr seit langem fester Bestandteil medizinischen Wirkens in Diagnostik und Therapie sind. Als für die Implementierung von Health Apps in die medizinische Regelversorgung besonders bedeutend wird das Spannungsfeld zwischen individuellem Empowerment und potentiellem Kontrollverlust der Nutzenden herausgestellt. Abschließend werden mögliche Implikationen für die aktuelle Ausgestaltung des neuen Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetzes (DVG) aufgezeigt und auf einige bestehende „blinde Flecken“ hingewiesen.
Transient analysis of piecewise homogeneous Markov fluid models
Authors: Almousa Salah Al-Deen , Horváth Gábor , Telek Miklós 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPiecewise homogeneous Markov fluid models are composed by homogeneous intervals where the model is governed by an interval dependent pair of generators and the model behaviour changes at the boundaries. The main difficulty of the transient analysis of piecewise homogeneous Markov fluid models is the appropriate description of the various boundary cases. The paper proposes an analytical approach to handle the wide variety of the possible boundary cases in a relatively simple to describe and implement manner.
How evaluation of hydrological models influences results of climate impact assessment—an editorial
Authors: Krysanova Valentina , Hattermann Fred F. , Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper introduces the Special Issue (SI) “How evaluation of hydrological models influences results of climate impact assessment.” The main objectives were as follows: (a) to test a comprehensive model calibration/validation procedure, consisting of five steps, for regional-scale hydrological models; (b) to evaluate performance of global-scale hydrological models; and (c) to reveal whether the calibration/validation methods and the model evaluation results influence climate impacts in terms of the magnitude of the change signal and the uncertainty range. Here, we shortly describe the river basins and large regions used as case studies; the hydrological models, data, and climate scenarios used in the studies; and the applied approaches for model evaluation and for analysis of projections for the future. After that, we summarize the main findings. The following general conclusions could be drawn. After successful comprehensive calibration and validation, the regional-scale models are more robust and their projections for the future differ from those of the model versions after the conventional calibration and validation. Therefore, climate impacts based on the former models are more trustworthy than those simulated by the latter models. Regarding the global-scale models, using only models with satisfactory or good performance on historical data and weighting them based on model evaluation results is a more reliable approach for impact assessment compared to the ensemble mean approach that is commonly used. The former method provides impact results with higher credibility and reduced spreads in comparison to the latter approach. The studies for this SI were performed in the framework of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP).
Learning actions indicating algebraic thinking in multilingual classrooms
Authors: Eriksson Helena , Eriksson Inger 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article discusses algebraic thinking regarding positive integers and rational numbers when students, 6 to 9 years old in multilingual classrooms, are engaged in an algebraic learning activity proposed by the El’konin and Davydov curriculum. The main results of this study indicate that young, newly arrived students, through tool-mediated joint reflective actions as suggested in the ED curriculum, succeeded in analysing arithmetical structures of positive integers and rational numbers. When the students participated in this type of learning activity, they were able to reflect on the general structures of numbers established as additive relationships (addition and subtraction) as well as multiplicative relationships (multiplication and division) and mixtures thereof, thus a core foundation of algebraic thinking. The students then used algebraic symbols, line segments, verbal, written, and gesture language to elaborate and construct models related to these relationships. This is in spite of the fact that most of the students were second language learners. Elaborated in common experiences staged in the lessons, the learning models appeared to bridge the lack of common verbal language as the models visualized aspects of the relationships among numbers in a public manner on the whiteboard. These learning actions created rich opportunities for bridging tensions in relation to language demands in the multilingual classroom.
Legislative production and public spending in France
Authors: Facchini François , Seghezza Elena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to help explain the history of the public spending-to-GDP ratio in France by examining the production of laws and regulations. It empirically finds a positive and significant relationship between the number of pages in the Official Gazette of the French Republic and the development of the public expenditure-to-GDP ratio. We rely on the number of pages in the Official Gazette as a proxy for the cost of implementing laws and regulations. If unchecked, a proliferation of laws and regulations expands public spending. Over the period 1905–2015, a 10% increase in pages caused a 1.14% increase in the public expenditure-to-GDP ratio.
Sequential Data Assimilation of the Stochastic SEIR Epidemic Model for Regional COVID-19 Dynamics
Authors: Engbert Ralf , Rabe Maximilian M. , Kliegl Reinhold , Reich Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNewly emerging pandemics like COVID-19 call for predictive models to implement precisely tuned responses to limit their deep impact on society. Standard epidemic models provide a theoretically well-founded dynamical description of disease incidence. For COVID-19 with infectiousness peaking before and at symptom onset, the SEIR model explains the hidden build-up of exposed individuals which creates challenges for containment strategies. However, spatial heterogeneity raises questions about the adequacy of modeling epidemic outbreaks on the level of a whole country. Here, we show that by applying sequential data assimilation to the stochastic SEIR epidemic model, we can capture the dynamic behavior of outbreaks on a regional level. Regional modeling, with relatively low numbers of infected and demographic noise, accounts for both spatial heterogeneity and stochasticity. Based on adapted models, short-term predictions can be achieved. Thus, with the help of these sequential data assimilation methods, more realistic epidemic models are within reach.
Vitamin A levels reflect disease severity and portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Simbrunner Benedikt , Semmler Georg , Stadlmann Alexander , Scheiner Bernhard , Schwabl Philipp , Paternostro Rafael , Bucsics Theresa , Bauer David , Eigenbauer Ernst , Pinter Matthias , Stättermayer Albert-Friedrich , Quehenberger Peter , Marculescu Rodrig , Trauner Michael , Mandorfer Mattias , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background and Aims
The liver plays a key role in the storage, metabolism and homeostasis of fat-soluble vitamins. We investigated the relation of Vitamin(Vit)A/D/E serum levels with severity of liver disease and portal hypertension (PHT).

Methods
VitA/D/E serum levels were assessed in 234 patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD, i.e. hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] ≥ 6 mmHg). Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, pre-/post-hepatic PHT, TIPS or liver transplantation were excluded.

Results
Most patients were male (n = 153; 65%) with a median age of 57.6 (49.7–64.5) years. Thirty-two (14%) patients had HVPG 6–9 mmHg, 66 (28%) 10-15 mmHg, and 136 (58%) ≥ 16 mmHg, respectively. VitD deficiency (25-OH-vitamin-D <50 nmol/L) was found in 133 (57%) with higher prevalence in Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP)-C: 85% vs. B: 66% vs. A: 47% (p < 0.001). VitD levels displayed significant but weak correlations with hepatic dysfunction and PHT. VitE levels were normal in 227 (97%) patients and displayed no relevant association with hepatic dysfunction or PHT. Only 63 (27%) patients had normal (>1.05 µmol/L) VitA levels, while 58 (25%) had mild (0.70–1.04 µmol/L), 71 (30%) moderate (0.35–0.69 µmol/L), and 42(18%) severe(<0.35 µmol/L) VitA deficiency. VitA correlated with HVPG (Rho = −0.409), CTP score (Rho = −0.646), and serum bile acid levels (Rho = −0.531; all p < 0.001). The prevalence of decompensated ACLD (dACLD) continuously increased with severity of VitA deficiency (no: 40% vs. mild: 51% vs. moderate: 67% vs. severe: 91% had dACLD; p < 0.001). CTP score (per point; OR 2.46; 95%CI 1.80–3.37; p <0.001), age (per year; OR 0.95; 95%CI 0.92–0.98; p = 0.001) and elevated bile acid levels(>10 µmol/L; OR 3.62; 95%CI 1.61–8.14; p = 0.002) were independently associated with VitA deficiency.

Conclusion
VitA and VitD but not VitE deficiencies are highly prevalent in ACLD. VitA deficiency strongly correlates with hepatic dysfunction, PHT and bile acid levels and is associated with decompensated ACLD.

Trial registration number
NCT03267615.
Reading for Realness: Porn Literacies, Digital Media, and Young People
Authors: Byron Paul , McKee Alan , Watson Ash , Litsou Katerina , Ingham Roger 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper adds to recent discussions of young people’s porn literacy and argues that researchers must address porn users’ engagements with, and understandings of, different porn genres and practices. As part of a larger interdisciplinary project which consisted of a series of systematic reviews of literature on the relationship between pornography use and healthy sexual development, we reviewed articles addressing the relationship between pornography use and literacy. We found few articles that present empirical data to discuss porn literacies, and those we found commonly frame young people’s porn literacy as their ability to critically read porn as negative and comprising ‘unrealistic’ portrayals of sex. This model of porn literacy tends to be heteronormative, where only conservative ideals of ‘good’, coupled, and vanilla sex are deemed ‘realistic’. Data from the literature we reviewed shows that young people make sophisticated distinctions between different kinds of pornography, some of which could be called ‘realistic’, as per do-it-yourself and amateur porn. We extend this discussion to young people’s understandings of ‘authenticity’ across their broader digital and social media practices. From this focus, we propose the need to incorporate young people’s existing porn literacies into future education and research approaches. This includes engaging with their understandings and experiences of porn genres, digital media practice, and representations of authenticity.