bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We Need a Larger Data Toolbox
Authors: Bhargava Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Community-level organizations are increasingly using data to further their goals but struggle to connect to people via standard tools such as tables, charts, and graphs. At the same time a growing number of public decisions are made based on data; key global challenges are best understood using data, and data production is increasing in all parts of our lives. I’ve been working on this disconnect for over fifteen years, applying my experiences as a computer engineer and educator to design learning activities and collaborations across newspapers, museums, libraries, civil society organizations, and government. My experiences have shown me how radical pedagogies and arts practices from those pro-social institutions inspire alternative approaches to working with and representing data, ones that can help avoid replicating the burdened history of data as a tool for control.
Center Impact
Authors: Bhargava Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
When working with data in community settings you can align your efforts with social goals by learning from other local institutions. The origins of data production date back to the invention of language and communication, but more recently norms have emerged from statistics and science. A case study of gender rights activists in Mexico demonstrates an alternative, how an arts-based approach to producing and sharing data via public spectacle can create impacts across society. This is more in line with the goals of museums, newspapers, libraries, civil society organizations, and civic governance. A brief history and evocative example from each of those sectors lays the foundation for more appropriate and effective ways to use data in the community settings they work in. We can learn from the methods and goals of how the pro-social sector works to promote the common good with data in communities.
Focus on Participation
Authors: Bhargava Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Opportunities for creative participation, offered at any part of the process of working with data, empower and engage community members who might otherwise feel left out of data-centered processes. Standard approaches only connect to those who already feel comfortable with math, statistics, or computation. The theories and approaches of data for good, critical data literacy, data justice, and data feminism all inform alternative approaches to engaging more groups of people around data. Two case studies about participatory community murals introduce the idea of creating data murals as an example of a process that focuses on participation at every step of working with data in a community setting. Combined with a survey of work putting participatory data on screens and walls, we can see how growing a toolbox for participatory data storytelling can engage larger sets of people in empowering ways, putting the justice-focused critiques of datafication into action.
Build Mirrors, not Windows
Authors: Bhargava Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Data windows are used to observe some other group and make decisions that impact them from afar; data mirrors reflect information about a community back to itself for informing action. Eugenicists in the 1920s used data as a window, leading to examples like racist data collection that inform the sizes of women’s clothing still today. Surveying modern educational data literacy programs showcases the tension between using data as a window and using data as a mirror. The growing practice of creating data sculptures, physical representations of data in 3D, offers strong opportunities for building data mirrors for and with communities. Government officials, artists, academic researchers, and others are exploring how data sculptures offer understandable forms of data to broad audiences. They operate as data mirrors, opening opportunities to engage diverse populations around data about their own communities for their own needs.
Open many Doors
Authors: Bhargava Rahul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Data stories that use sound, taste, and smell open doors for new types of learners to engage with data stories, pushing beyond the visual-focused approaches that dominate data work. Taxonomies that describe different ways of knowing show how critical it is to engage community members in a variety of ways around data. Diving deeper into our senses of hearing, smelling, and tasting adds more radical approaches to the expanded toolbox needed for data representation in community settings. A case study about a physical data display showing environmental contaminant data offers early evidence for how creative multi-sensory representations can change how people engage with data. Sonification, edibilization, and smellification are emerging and growing as playful and evocative forms of representing data. Journalists, museums, nonprofits, and others are well positioned to build multi-sensory data experiences using culturally relevant forms to engage communities that are otherwise left out of formal visual-focused data processes.
Improving the arthritis component of the SLEDAI-2K
Authors: Mahmoud Khaled , Md Yusof Md Yuzaiful , Teh Lee Suan , Khan Shah , Yee Chee-Seng , D’Cruz David , Isenberg David , Ciurtin Coziana , Conaghan Philip G , Emery Paul , Edwards Christopher J , Hensor Elizabeth M A , Vital Edward M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To propose a new definition for SLEDAI arthritis informed by imaging.

Methods
We performed a planned secondary analysis of observational data from a multicentre study evaluating SLE patients with inflammatory joint pain (swelling not required) using various clinical instruments, laboratory tests and ultrasound. For SLEDAI arthritis, assessors (blinded to ultrasound) were asked which of the glossary terms for arthritis in any version of the SLEDAI drove their decision to score for arthritis. These definitions were tested against ultrasound and other clinical variables. ROC analysis was used to test optimal joint count thresholds.

Results
A total of 78/133 patients had arthritis on SLEDAI-2K. In 21/78, clinician-observed swelling was not a reason for scoring (tenderness: 16/21; reported swelling between visits: 4/21; both of these: 1/21). No patient was scored for warmth or erythema alone. In total, 57 (73.1%) patients were scored for SLEDAI arthritis due to observed swelling, 90% had abnormal ultrasound (PPV = 90%, 95%CI: 79, 94). Of 21 patients with SLEDAI arthritis without observed swelling, 48% had abnormal ultrasound (PPV: 48%, 95%CI: 31, 67). Patients with SLEDAI arthritis with swelling had higher ESR, physician MSK-VAS, patient early morning stiffness (EMS)-VAS and IgG compared with other patients. Optimal sensitivity and specificity for ultrasound synovitis was 1 swollen joint using Youden’s criteria.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the definition of arthritis in SLEDAI be modified to: ‘Inflammatory musculoskeletal pain (symmetrical small joint distribution), with one or more clinically swollen joints witnessed on examination, that is not explained by another arthropathy’.
Association of patient- and hospital-level predictors with patterns of initial treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: findings from a national cohort study
Authors: Yang Zijing , Alveyn Edward , Russell Mark , Bechman Katie , Coalwood Callum , Price Elizabeth , Abhishek Abhishek , Norton Sam , Galloway James 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To update the first-line conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) prescribing pattern, describe change and variation across demographical and geographical factors in the RA population, and identify individual and hospital factors associated with it.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included newly diagnosed RA adult patients from 1 May 2018 to 1 April 2023 in the UK. We used adjusted multinomial logistic regression with random effect to explore associations with different first-line csDMRAD prescription and to account for hospital-level clustering.

Results
We identified 15 462 RA patients who received csDMARD treatment. Overall, 57% received MTX monotherapy and 14% received MTX combination therapy as first-line treatment. MTX is the most frequently medication, following by HCQ and SSZ. Compared with non-MTX prescription, prescription of MTX monotherapy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.25 95% CI (1.22–1.29)] and MTX combination therapy [aOR 1.45 (1.38–1.52)] was significantly higher in patients with higher DAS28, but lower in the non-White individuals with comorbidities: lung disease, cancer, fracture and heart attack. Among those who received MTX, monotherapy is more likely be prescribed in patients with higher DAS28 [aOR 1.08 (1.05–1.11)] and without lung disease [aOR 0.5 (0.44–0.56)], compared with combination therapy. Around 20% of the variability in first-line csDMARD prescribing was attributed to the hospital level.

Conclusion
In this cohort study of new-onset RA population, both individual- and institution-level variation in first-line csDMARD treatment strategy was evident. Gender, ethnicity, disease activity, and comorbidities, especially lung disease, were associated with disparities at the individual level.
Successful treatment of invasive Aspergillus rhinosinusitis and orbital aspergillosis with oral isavuconazole in a patient with contraindications to conventional first- and second-line therapy
Authors: Too Adriana , Sowerby Leigh , Bursztyn Lulu , Rahimi Reza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis represents a severe, life-threatening condition that necessitates prompt diagnosis and intervention. In this case report, we discuss the use of isavuconazole, a novel, broad-spectrum triazole antifungal, approved for use in Canada in 2019 (Government of Canada. Summary Basis of Decision – Cresemba – Health Canada. Summary Basis of Decision. 2019. Accessed 6 June 2024. https://hpr-rps.hres.ca/reg-content/summary-basis-decision-detailTwo.php?linkID=SBD00424#:~:text=Summary%20Basis%20of%20Decision%20(SBD)%20for%20Cresemba&text=Summary%20Basis%20of%20Decision%20(SBD)%20documents%20provide%20information%20related%20to,original%20authorization%20of%20a%20product) that can be considered an alternative to voriconazole.

Methods
We present the case of a 78-year-old man with a unique case of invasive Aspergillus rhinosinusitis and orbital aspergillosis. He was admitted for urgent left maxillary antrostomy, left anterior and posterior ethmoidectomy, and left transorbital resection of lesion tissue with orbital decompression. His treatment course was complicated by a contraindication to voriconazole because of prolonged QTc interval and inability to tolerate IV amphotericin B.

Key findings
The patient was treated with a 14-week course of isavuconazole as an alternative to voriconazole. At 3 months, there was no clinical evidence for infection, and the patient was sent for a computed tomography (CT) of the head and sinus to assess for evidence of active infection or bone destruction, which showed significant improvement in paranasal sinus inflammation and soft tissue infiltration. At his 6-month follow-up, his CT head showed regression in inflammatory change, with no deterioration in his sinusitis, and no further antifungal treatment was required.

Conclusions
Given the novelty of isavuconazole, there has been limited experience with its use in the setting of rhinosinusitis and orbital invasive aspergillosis. This case highlights isavuconazole as a reasonable alternative to voriconazole and other triazoles in patients that are intolerant or have contraindications related to QTc prolongation.
Religious Fundamentalism: A Conceptual and Empirical Study Among Muslims of Turkish Origin in Germany
Authors: Pollack Detlef , Müller Olaf , Demmrich Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Muslims in Europe face reservations due to the association of Islam with fundamentalism and extremism. Our study aims to use a new concept of fundamentalism and new data to identify factors that correlate with fundamentalism, and to investigate how far these attitudes are associated with the acceptance of violence. Fundamentalism is defined as an attitude characterized by the claim to exclusive truth, to superiority over all other positions, to the universal validity of the exclusive truth, and to the transformation of the world according to the yardstick of this truth. Empirical analyses show that feelings of disadvantage and exclusion as well as traditional religious ties contribute to fundamentalism, while integration indicators play only a subordinate role. Additionally, social structure seems partially decoupled from feelings of disadvantage among Muslims scoring high on fundamentalism. Although correlated with fundamentalism, acceptance of violence could not be identified as an inherent component of fundamentalism.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of the general population towards Marburg virus disease in sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hussein Mohamed Fakhry , Gebreal Assem , Saleeb Marina , Tessema Eyerusalem Amossa , Okeh Debra , Gaitano Gori , Nathanson Marc , Tsoeu Nthabiseng , Gilbert Eshun , Ally Khadija Swalehe , Noureldin Ahmed Elsayed said , Hussein Mai , Ghazy Ramy Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Marburg virus disease (MVD) is categorized among viral hemorrhagic fevers. MVD is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify factors affecting MVD knowledge, attitudes and practices in sub-Saharan African countries.

Methods
Using a validated questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted from 21 April to 23 May 2023 in eight English-speaking sub-Saharan African countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania).

Results
Of 3142 participants, 51% were males, 66.0% were aged 18–29 y, 74.4% were living in urban areas, 47.9% completed their university education and 21.7% were healthcare workers (HCWs). Tanzanians had the highest good knowledge (89%), while Kenyans had the lowest (26%). Tanzanians had the highest positive attitude (82%), while Nigerians had the highest negative attitude (95%). The best practices exhibited were by Ethiopians (70%), and the poorest practices exhibited were by Ghanaians (94%). The predictors of good knowledge were marital status (adjusted OR [aOR]=0.75; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.94; p=0.013), knowing the correct mode of transmission (aOR=18.31; 95% CI 13.31 to 25.66; p&lt;0.001), whether the participant has heard before about MVD (aOR=2.24; 95% CI 1.82 to 2.75; p&lt;0.001), whether they modified their working habits (aOR=2.79; 95% CI 2.12 to 3.67; p&lt;0.001), nationality (p&lt;0.001) and being a HCW (aOR=2.71; 95% CI 2.01 to 3.67; p&lt;0.001). The predictors of good attitude were being female (aOR=0.71; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.85; p&lt;0.001), age (aOR=0.99; 95% CI 0.98 to 0.99; p=0.01), place of residence (aOR=3.13; 95% CI 2.46 to 3.99; p&lt;0.001), level of education (aOR=1.67; 95% CI 1.37 to 2.04; p&lt;0.001), knowing the correct mode of transmission (aOR=1.59; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.98; p&lt;0.001), modification of working habits (aOR=1.30; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.68; p=0.039) and nationality (p&lt;0.001). The predictors of practice were being female (aOR=1.17; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.37; p=0.042), place of residence (aOR=1.23; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.48; p=0.033), marital status (aOR=0.65; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.78; p&lt;0.001), knowing the correct mode of transmission (aOR=0.46; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.56; p&lt;0.001), modification of working habits (aOR=0.40; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.49; p&lt;0.001) and occupation (aOR=0.37; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.46; p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Different modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors can be targeted to improve population perspectives towards MVD.
Endothelial‐specific CXCL12 regulates neovascularization during tissue repair and tumor progression
Authors: Hostler Andrew C. , Hahn William W. , Hu Michael S. , Rennert Robert , Fischer Katharina S. , Barrera Janos A. , Duscher Dominik , Januszyk Michael , Henn Dominic , Sivaraj Dharshan , Yasmeh Jonathan P. , Kussie Hudson C. , Granoski Maia B. , Padmanabhan Jagannath , Vial Ivan N. , Riegler Johannes , Wu Joseph C. , Longaker Michael T. , Chen Kellen , Maan Zeshaan N. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractC‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12; Stromal Cell‐Derived Factor 1 [SDF‐1]), most notably known for its role in embryogenesis and hematopoiesis, has been implicated in tumor pathophysiology and neovascularization. However, its cell‐specific role and mechanism of action have not been well characterized. Previous work by our group has demonstrated that hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1 modulates downstream CXCL12 expression following ischemic tissue injury. By utilizing a conditional CXCL12 knockout murine model, we demonstrate that endothelial‐specific deletion of CXCL12 (eKO) modulates ischemic tissue survival, altering tissue repair and tumor progression without affecting embryogenesis and morphogenesis. Loss of endothelial‐specific CXCL12 disrupts critical endothelial–fibroblast crosstalk necessary for stromal growth and vascularization. Using murine parabiosis with novel transcriptomic technologies, we demonstrate that endothelial‐specific CXCL12 signaling results in downstream recruitment of non‐inflammatory circulating cells, defined by neovascularization modulating genes. These findings indicate an essential role for endothelial‐specific CXCL12 expression during the neovascular response in tissue injury and tumor progression.
Neddylation drives myofibrillogenesis in the developing heart
Authors: Littlejohn Rodney , Zambrano‐Carrasco Josue , Zou Jianqiu , Lu Yi , Liu Elise , Kim Il‐man , Jiao Kai , Weintraub Neal L. , Zhou Jiliang , Li Jie , Su Huabo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeddylation is a highly conserved post‐translational modification that plays critical roles in various cellular processes through the modulation of cullins and non‐cullin substrates. While neddylation is known to be essential for embryonic development, tumor growth, and organogenesis of different tissues, its role in cardiogenesis remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of neddylation in early cardiac development by deleting the gene encoding a regulatory subunit of the NEDD8‐specific E1 activating enzyme, Nae1, globally and in a heart‐specific fashion via Nkx2‐5Cre. Global deletion of Nae1 in mice led to embryonic lethality before embryonic day (E) 8.5, whereas cardiac‐specific NAE1 knockout mice died at around E12.5 with pronounced cardiac effusion and peripheral hemorrhage, characteristic of cardiac failure. Histological analysis revealed significant thinning of the compact myocardium and reduced trabeculae in mutant hearts, which were accompanied by reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis identified perturbations in cardiomyocyte proliferation and myofibril architecture in mutant hearts. Subsequent analysis showed that loss of NAE1 disrupted sarcomere assembly dysregulated the expression of several important contractile proteins, and impaired mitochondrial function in the developing heart, which was accompanied by downregulation of key cardiac transcription factors including NKX2‐5 and SRF. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the essential role of neddylation in cardiogenesis at least in part by driving cardiomyocyte proliferation and myofibrillogenesis.
The Next Era of Assessment: Can Ensuring High-Quality, Equitable Patient Care Be the Defining Characteristic?
Authors: Schumacher Daniel J. , Kinnear Benjamin , Burk-Rafel Jesse , Santen Sally A. , Bullock Justin L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Previous eras of assessment in medical education have been defined by how assessment is done, from knowledge exams popularized in the 1960s to the emergence of work-based assessment in the 1990s to current efforts to integrate multiple types and sources of performance data through programmatic assessment. Each of these eras was a response to why assessment was performed (e.g., assessing medical knowledge with exams; assessing communication, professionalism, and systems competencies with work-based assessment). Despite the evolution of assessment eras, current evidence highlights the graduation of trainees with foundational gaps in the ability to provide high-quality care to patients presenting with common problems, and training program leaders report they graduate trainees they would not trust to care for themselves or their loved ones. In this article, the authors argue that the next era of assessment should be defined by why assessment is done: to ensure high-quality, equitable care. Assessment should place focus on demanding graduates possess the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and adaptive expertise to meet the needs of all patients and ensuring that graduates are able to do this in an equitable fashion. The authors explore 2 patient-focused assessment approaches that could help realize the promise of this envisioned era: entrustable professional activities (EPAs) and resident sensitive quality measures (RSQMs)/TRainee Attributable and Automatable Care Evaluations in Real-time (TRACERs). These examples illustrate how the envisioned next era of assessment can leverage existing and new data to provide precision education assessment that focuses on providing formative and summative feedback to trainees in a manner that seeks to ensure their learning outcomes prepare them to ensure high-quality, equitable patient outcomes.
A Theoretical Foundation to Inform the Implementation of Precision Education and Assessment
Authors: Drake Carolyn B. , Heery Lauren M. , Burk-Rafel Jesse , Triola Marc M. , Sartori Daniel J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Precision education (PE) uses personalized educational interventions to empower trainees and improve learning outcomes. While PE has the potential to represent a paradigm shift in medical education, a theoretical foundation to guide the effective implementation of PE strategies has not yet been described. Here, the authors introduce a theoretical foundation for the implementation of PE, integrating key learning theories with the digital tools that allow them to be operationalized. Specifically, the authors describe how the master adaptive learner (MAL) model, transformative learning theory, and self-determination theory can be harnessed in conjunction with nudge strategies and audit and feedback dashboards to drive learning and meaningful behavior change. The authors also provide practical examples of these theories and tools in action by describing precision interventions already in use at one academic medical center, concretizing PE’s potential in the current clinical environment. These examples illustrate how a firm theoretical grounding allows educators to most effectively tailor PE interventions to fit individual learners’ needs and goals, facilitating efficient learning and ultimately improving patient and health system outcomes.