bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined short‐ and long‐axis method for internal jugular vein catheterization in premature newborns: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Wei , Tu Zhenzhen , Liu Lifei , Tan Yanzhe 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundRapid central venous catheterization is critical for the rescue and perioperative management of premature infants requiring surgery. Ultrasound‐guided dynamic needle tip positioning (DNTP) has been widely used as a very effective technique, especially in paediatric vascular puncture and catheterization. However, for low‐weight premature newborns, central vein catheterization still poses greater difficulties for paediatricians and paediatric anaesthesiologists. This prospective randomized control study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined short‐ and long‐axis (CSLA) internal jugular vein catheterization for premature newborns in comparison with the DNTP technique.MethodsA total of 90 premature newborns (gestational age < 37 weeks and < 28 days after birth) who were scheduled for surgery were included in this study. All enrolled premature newborns were randomly divided into two groups (n = 45): the CSLA group and the DNTP group. We compared the first‐puncture success rate, total success rate, procedure time, number of needle passes, occurrence of complications and other outcome measures between the two groups.ResultsThe two groups (n = 45 per group) were similar in sex, gestational age, weight, mean arterial blood pressure, and vein‐related measurements of the internal jugular vein. Total success was achieved in 43 (95.6%) and 36 (80.0%) patients in the CSLA and DNTP groups respectively. Compared with the DNTP group, the CSLA group showed a significantly higher first‐attempt success rate (71.1% vs 46.7%, χ2 = 5.5533, P = .0184) and significantly fewer needle passes (1.0[1.0‐2.0] vs 2.0[1.0‐3.0], χ2 = −2.6094, P = .0091). There was no significant difference between the groups in the procedure time (368[304‐573] vs 478[324‐79]s, Z = −1.7690, P = .0769). Complications occurred in both groups, but the incidence was significantly lower in the CSLA group than in the DNTP group (6.7% vs 22.2%, χ2 = 4.4056, P = .0358).ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided internal jugular vein catheterization by the CSLA method is effective and safe. The CSLA method may be superior to the DNTP technique in premature newborns.
Autophagic receptor p62 protects against glycation‐derived toxicity and enhances viability
Authors: Aragonès Gemma , Dasuri Kalavathi , Olukorede Opeoluwa , Francisco Sarah G. , Renneburg Carol , Kumsta Caroline , Hansen Malene , Kageyama Shun , Komatsu Masaaki , Rowan Sheldon , Volkin Jonathan , Workman Michael , Yang Wenxin , Daza Paula , Ruano Diego , Dominguez‐Martín Helena , Rodríguez‐Navarro José Antonio , Du Xue‐Liang , Brownlee Michael A. , Bejarano Eloy , Taylor Allen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDiabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with the typical American high glycemia diet and result in accumulation of high levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), particularly upon aging. AGEs form when sugars or their metabolites react with proteins. Associated with a myriad of age‐related diseases, AGEs accumulate in many tissues and are cytotoxic. To date, efforts to limit glycation pharmacologically have failed in human trials. Thus, it is crucial to identify systems that remove AGEs, but such research is scanty. Here, we determined if and how AGEs might be cleared by autophagy. Ourin vivomouse andC.elegansmodels, in which we altered proteolysis or glycative burden, as well as experiments in five types of cells, revealed more than six criteria indicating that p62‐dependent autophagy is a conserved pathway that plays a critical role in the removal of AGEs. Activation of autophagic removal of AGEs requires p62, and blocking this pathway results in accumulation of AGEs and compromised viability. Deficiency of p62 accelerates accumulation of AGEs in soluble and insoluble fractions. p62 itself is subject to glycative inactivation and accumulates as high mass species. Accumulation of p62 in retinal pigment epithelium is reversed by switching to a lower glycemia diet. Since diminution of glycative damage is associated with reduced risk for age‐related diseases, including age‐related macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's, discovery of methods to limit AGEs or enhance p62‐dependent autophagy offers novel potential therapeutic targets to treat AGEs‐related pathologies.
The future representativeness of Madagascar's protected area network in the face of climate change
Authors: Coldrey Kevin M. , Turpie Jane K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith many species predicted to respond to a changing climate by shifting their distribution to climatically suitable areas, the effectiveness of static protected areas (PAs) is in question. The Madagascan PA network area has quadrupled over the past 15 years, and, although conservation planning techniques were employed to prioritise suitable areas for protection during this process, climate change impacts were not considered. We make use of species distribution models for 750 Madagascan vertebrate species to assess the potential impacts of climate change on (1) species richness across Madagascar, (2) species gain, loss and turnover in Madagascar's PAs and (3) PA network representativeness. Results indicate that Madagascar is predicted to experience substantial shifts in species richness, with most PAs predicted to experience high rates of species turnover. Provided there are no barriers to species movements, the representativeness of the current PA network will remain high for the species that are predicted to survive changes in climate by 2070, suggesting that little benefit will be gained from establishing new PAs. However, this rests on the assumption of mobility through areas currently characterised by fragmentation and anthropogenic activity, something that will require considerable expansion in conservation efforts in order to achieve.
Characterizing the immune cell population in the human fetal membrane
Authors: Jacobs Sara O. , Sheller‐Miller Samantha , Richardson Lauren S. , Urrabaz‐Garza Rheanna , Radnaa Enkhtuya , Menon Ramkumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProblemThis study localized CD45+ immune cells and compared changes in their numbers between term, not in labor (TNIL) and term, labor (TL) human fetal membranes.Method of studyFetal membranes (amniochorion) from normal TNIL and TL subjects were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and flow cytometry for evidence of total (CD45+) immune cells as well as innate immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages and NK cells) using specific markers. Fetal origin of immune cells was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SRY gene in Y chromosome.ResultsCD45+ cells were localized in human fetal membranes for both TNIL and TL. A threefold increase in CD45+ cells was seen in TL fetal membranes of (7.73% ± 2.35) compared to TNIL (2.36% ± 0.78). This increase is primarily contributed by neutrophils. Macrophages and NK cells did not change in the membranes between TNIL and TL. Leukocytes of fetal origin are present in the fetal membranes.ConclusionThe fetal membranes without decidua contain a small proportion of immune cells. Some of these immune cells in the fetal membrane are fetal in origin. There is a moderate increase of immune cells in the fetal membranes at term labor; however, it is unclear whether this is a cause or consequence of labor. Further functional studies are needed to determine their contribution to membrane inflammation associated with parturition.
The state of psychiatric research in the Asia Pacific region
Authors: Roche Glen Cedric , Fung Paul , Ransing Ramdas , Noor Isa Multazam , Shalbafan Mohammadreza , El Hayek Samer , Koh Eugene Boon Yau , Gupta Anoop Krishna , Kudva Kundadak Ganesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to review recent scientific publications and research output in the field of psychiatry, from a series of countries in the Asia‐Pacific region (Australia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Lebanon, Malaysia, and Nepal), with a view to identify themes and similarities across regions, as well as to examine the barriers and challenges in mental health research faced by countries in the region.MethodsSeven psychiatrists from seven countries reviewed recent published and ongoing research in psychiatry in their respective nations, with respect to themes, as well as any barriers or challenges faced by mental health researchers.ResultsWhile the seven nations included in this review vary in terms of research capabilities and economic development level, they share many similarities both in terms of research direction, and with regards to challenges faced. Limitations in the form of sociocultural differences from the West, and a lack of funding were some of the barriers identified.DiscussionMental health research in the region has been progressing well. However, more varied research in the form of qualitative or economic studies are lacking, as are multi‐center studies. The similar issues that nations face with regards to research could perhaps benefit from collaborative efforts and initiatives for the furtherance of research in the region.
Feasibility of laparoscopic total gastrectomy with splenectomy for proximal advanced gastric cancer: A comparative study with open surgery
Authors: Akimoto Eigo , Kinoshita Takahiro , Sato Reo , Yoshida Mitsumasa , Nishiguchi Yukiko , Harada Junichiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionTotal gastrectomy with splenectomy (TGS) is sometimes performed for treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer invading the greater curvature because metastasis to splenic hilar nodes is expected. Despite the widespread use of laparoscopic procedures, the feasibility of laparoscopic TGS (LTGS) has been scarcely reported because of its technical difficulties.MethodsThis retrospective single‐institutional study included 93 consecutive patients with proximal advanced gastric cancer who underwent either LTGS or open TGS (OTGS) from 2010 to 2018. The patients who underwent LTGS (n = 12) were compared with a 1:2 ratio propensity score‐matched cohort of patients who underwent OTGS (n = 20). Clinical outcomes were retrospectively reviewed and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe patients' baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. The operating time was longer (332.5 vs 222.5 minutes, P < .01) but the blood loss volume was smaller (34.5 vs 426 mL, P < .01) in the LTGS than OTGS group. The incidence of postoperative morbidity (≥ Clavien‐Dindo grade III) was much lower (0.0% vs 36.8%, P = .02) and the median postoperative hospital stay was shorter (9 vs 11 days, P < .01) in the LTGS than OTGS group. The median number of harvested No. 10 or 11 days lymph nodes was equivalent between the two groups.ConclusionsAlthough TGS is not a common procedure, LTGS may be safely performed in selected patients when carried out by an experienced surgical team. The oncological safety remains unclear and needs to be further examined in future trials.
Local adaptation of laparoscopic smoke evacuator in COVID‐19 pandemic situation
Authors: Nugroho Adianto , Saunar Rofi , Lalisang Toar J. M. , Wiradisuria Errawan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe pandemic of COVID‐19 has been a game changer in many aspects of medical care, including laparoscopic surgery service. Uncertainty in the early pandemic has led to the fear of doing laparoscopic surgery with regard to the possibility of SARS‐COV‐2 transmission through surgical smoke. We carried out laparoscopic surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic with intention to test our local adaptation of a laparoscopic smoke evacuator. Twenty‐five laparoscopic cases for digestive surgery were performed with uneventful results. In summary, a low cost local adaptation of laparoscopic smoke and safe surgical behavior should be the standard of care when delivering laparoscopic surgery service in the pandemic era and forward.
Adult moulting and dimorphism in a new species of Sphenoderes (Kinorhyncha: Kentrorhagata)—Is the exception becoming the rule?
Authors: Sørensen Martin V. , Herranz Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAdult dimorphism (i.e. non‐sexual dimorphism observed among sexually mature specimens) and the existence of two morphologically distinct adult stages are for the first time reported from a species of the kentrorhagid kinorhynch genus Sphenoderes. The dimorphism was found in a new species, Sphenoderes neptunus sp. nov., from the Gulf of Naples, Italy, and a formal description is provided. While dimorphism between adult life stages of kinorhynchs so far have been restricted to differences in the two posteriormost segments, the dimorphism in the new species is expressed in spine lengths throughout the entire trunk, as well as in presence or absence of cuspidate spines. The implications for comparative kinorhynch morphology and taxonomy are discussed, and it is concluded that adult dimorphism and the occurrence of more than one adult life stage always should be considered as a possibility when exploring kinorhynchs of the orders Kentrorhagata and Xenosomata. Despite the comparative challenges prompted by the adult dimorphism, species of Sphenoderes can still be distinguished by differences in shape of midventral placid and distribution of sensory spots. Conversely, spine patterns as differential characters should be used with caution, and only after ensuring that specimens belonging to the same adult stage are compared.
Penile intraepithelial neoplasia, penile cancer precursors and human papillomavirus prevalence in symptomatic preputium: a cross‐sectional study of 351 circumcised men in Sweden
Authors: Kristiansen Sinja , Bjartling Carina , Svensson Åke , Forslund Ola , Torbrand Christian 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of pathological disease and spectrum of human papillomavirus (HPV) types among symptomatic foreskin tissue.Patients and MethodsConsecutively excised symptomatic foreskins from 351 men were sent for histopathological evaluation. During the surgical procedure, a fresh biopsy was taken for HPV analysis by modified general primer polymerase chain reaction. A medical questionnaire regarding medication, smoking habits, number of lifetime sexual partners, former diseases and surgery performed on penis was completed by all participants.ResultsThe most common clinical diagnosis and cause for circumcision was phimosis, seen in 85.2%. Histopathologically inflammatory dermatological conditions were present in 87% of the men. The most common histopathological diagnosis was lichen sclerosus (LS) observed among 58.7%. Notably, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) was present in 2% without former clinical suspicion. Overall, HPV was detected in 17.1% of the men and 28 different HPV types were found. High‐risk (HR) HPV types were identified in 9.1% and HPV16 was present in 2.3%. Current smoking increased the risk of HPV (crude odds ratio [OR] 2.8, confidence interval [CI] 1.4–5.6; P = 0.005). Having >15 lifetime sexual partners increased the risk of HPV (crude OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4–5.1; P = 0.003) and when adjusted for current smoking the OR was substantially increased (OR 6.0, 95% CI CI 2.2–16.8; P < 0001).ConclusionsHistopathological evaluation of circumcised symptomatic foreskin revealed PeIN in 2% of the men without any clinical suspicion of malignancy and that treatable dermatological conditions were present in 87%, LS being the most common. HR‐HPV types were present in 9%. Due to risk of malignant development both in PeIN and in inflammatory skin diseases we recommend sending all excised foreskins from patients with symptoms for histopathological evaluation as guidance for further clinical management.
Stem cell ‘therapy’ advertisements in China: Infodemic, regulations and recommendations
Authors: Lv Jianwei , Su Yeyang , Song Lingqiao , Gong Xia , Peng Yaojin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, in addition to the pandemic itself, a phenomenon called an ‘infodemic’—defined by the World Health Organization as the spread of misleading information on the pandemic—has also gained attention. In the field of stem cell research, researchers and regulators have been fighting against false and misleading information, particularly advertisements for unproven and unauthorized stem cell–based interventions for decades. However, how existing legal and regulatory measures, which vary by country, can be employed to combat such false information is unclear. In this article, we examine the situation in China, where the spread of unauthorized stem cell ‘therapies’ has drawn patients from not only within China but also from abroad. First, we assess how and to what extent online advertisements promote unproven and unauthorized stem cell–based interventions directly to patients and prospective health consumers in China. Next, we survey the landscape for existing regulatory and administrative measures that may be used to combat false and misleading advertisements in this area. Finally, based on our analysis, we provide three main recommendations that may improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the regulatory measures in curtailing illegitimate advertising of unproven and unauthorized stem cell–based interventions in China. In conclusion, we also call for international collaboration among researchers and regulators in studying and strengthening regulations in this critical area that has so far been neglected in scholarly and policy discussions.
Juggling the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cytopathology point of view
Authors: Iaccarino Antonino , Pisapia Pasquale , Vigliar Elena , Vielh Philippe , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince its first identification in China at the end of 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has rapidly spread all over the world, becoming an international healthcare emergency. In the era of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), several aspects of normal life, including those related to the medical activities, have been radically changed. Extraordinary measures have been adopted by different nations to cope with the rapid diffusion of COVID‐19 all over the world. In hospitals, careful attention has been paid to manage infected patients with a possible detrimental effect for patients affected by other diseases. As with other medical fields, cytopathology laboratories have also drastically modified their activities to cope with the COVID‐19 healthcare emergency. Here, the main effects of COVID‐19 pandemic on the routine practice of cytopathology are summarised, focusing on the prioritisation policy adopted by cytopathologists worldwide.
Benefits of continuous positive airway pressure on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Shang Wenli , Zhang Yingying , Wang Guizuo , Han Dong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo conduct a meta‐analysis to determine the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).MethodsA systematic search was made of the MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane databases, andclinicaltrials.gov, without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials on treatment of type 2 diabetes and OSA with CPAP, compared with sham CPAP or no CPAP, were reviewed. Studies were pooled to obtain standardized mean differences (SMDs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSeven trials (enrolling 691 participants) met the inclusion criteria. CPAP showed significant effects on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; SMD −0.32, 95% CI −0.60 to −0.03;P= 0.029), fasting glucose (SMD −0.39, 95% CI −0.76 to −0.02;P= 0.040), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR; SMD −1.05, 95% CI −1.91 to −0.19;P= 0.016), systolic blood pressure (SMD −1.18, 95% CI −2.29 to −0.07 mm Hg;P= 0.037), and diastolic blood pressure (SMD −1.29, 95% CI −2.48 to −0.09;P= 0.035).ConclusionsContinuous positive airway pressure treatment significantly improved glycaemic control and insulin resistance, as shown by the decreased HbA1c levels, fasting glucose levels and HOMA‐IR values in patients with type 2 diabetes and OSA.
Standing computed tomography of the equine limb using a multi‐slice helical scanner: Technique and feasibility study
Authors: Mageed M. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryComputed tomography (CT) is an important cross‐sectional diagnostic modality for lameness localised to the equine distal limb. The necessity of general anaesthesia to perform CT scans has limited its use in the equine orthopaedic field. Therefore, many attempts have been made to perform CT of the distal limb in standing horses. This retrospective report aims to describe the technical set‐up and the feasibility of using a multi‐slice helical CT unit recently introduced into the equine market. The medical records of the patients undergoing a standing CT in the period between March 2019 and January 2020 were reviewed. The imaged anatomical region and the image quality were assessed. Thirty‐two horses met the inclusion criteria, and the following anatomical areas have been imaged: front foot/pastern (n = 14), metacarpophalangeal joint (n = 11), front proximal suspensory ligament (n = 2), carpus (n = 2), metatarsophalangeal joint (n = 2) and tarsus (n = 1). In 97% of the cases, excellent imaging quality was obtained. Motion artefact is the main cause of poor image quality. The feet and the metacarpophalangeal region can be easily imaged. Imaging the proximal anatomical regions of the limb is more challenging but achievable.
Validation of the D:A:D chronic kidney disease risk score in people living with HIV: the IeDEA West Africa Cohort Collaboration
Authors: Poda A , Kabore NF , Malateste K , De Rekeneire N , Semde A , Bikinga Y , Patassi A , Chenal H , Messou E , Dabis F , Ekouevi DK , Jaquet A , Cournil A 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesA risk score for long‐term prediction of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) has been developed using data from the D:A:D cohort. We assessed the performance of the D:A:D risk score in a cohort of PLHIV in West Africa.MethodsData from PLHIV starting antiretroviral treatment in four clinics in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire and Togo participating in the IeDEA West Africa collaboration were analysed. CKD was defined as two consecutive estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) of ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The D:A:D score (short version) was calculated using age, gender, nadir CD4 and baseline eGFR and was categorized into low, medium, and high‐risk groups.ResultsIn 14 930 participants (70% female, median age = 38 years; median nadir CD4 count = 183 cells/µL) followed for a median duration of 5.7 years, 660 (4.4%) progressed to CKD, with an incidence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 7.8 (7.2–8.4) per 1000 person‐years (PY). CKD incidence rates were 2.4 (2.0–2.8), 8.1 (6.8–9.6) and, 30.9 (28.0–34.1) per 1000 PY in the low‐, medium‐ and high‐risk groups, respectively. In the high‐risk group, 14.7% (95% CI: 13.3; 16.3) had progressed to CKD at 5 years. Discrimination was good [C‐statistics = 0.81 (0.79–0.83)]. In all, 79.4% of people who progressed to CKD were classified in the medium‐ to high‐risk group at baseline (sensitivity) and 66.5% of people classified in the low risk group at baseline did not progress to CKD (specificity).ConclusionsThese findings confirm the validity of the D:A:D score in identifying individuals at risk of developing CKD who could benefit from enhanced kidney monitoring in West African HIV clinics.