bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen-rich interface enables reversible stibium stripping/plating chemistry in aqueous alkaline batteries
Authors: Zhang Haozhe , Liu Qiyu , Zheng Dezhou , Yang Fan , Liu Xiaoqing , Lu Xihong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAqueous alkaline batteries see bright future in renewable energy storage and utilization, but their practical application is greatly challenged by the unsatisfactory performance of anode materials. Herein, we demonstrate a latent Sb stripping/plating chemistry by constructing an oxygen-rich interface on carbon substrate, thus providing a decent anode candidate. The functional interface effectively lowers the nucleation overpotential of Sb and strengthens the absorption capability of the charge carriers (SbO2− ions). These two advantageous properties inhibit the occurrence of side reactions and thus enable highly reversible Sb stripping/plating. Consequently, the Sb anode delivers theoretical-value-close specific capacity (627.1 mA h g−1), high depth of discharge (95.0%) and maintains 92.4% coulombic efficiency over 1000 cycles. A robust aqueous NiCo2O4//Sb device with high energy density and prominent durability is also demonstrated. This work provides a train of thoughts for the development of aqueous alkaline batteries based on Sb chemistry.
A new hypothesis for the origin of Amazonian Dark Earths
Authors: Silva Lucas C. R. , Corrêa Rodrigo Studart , Wright Jamie L. , Bomfim Barbara , Hendricks Lauren , Gavin Daniel G. , Muniz Aleksander Westphal , Martins Gilvan Coimbra , Motta Antônio Carlos Vargas , Barbosa Julierme Zimmer , Melo Vander de Freitas , Young Scott D. , Broadley Martin R. , Santos Roberto Ventura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAmazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are unusually fertile soils characterised by elevated concentrations of microscopic charcoal particles, which confer their distinctive colouration. Frequent occurrences of pre-Columbian artefacts at ADE sites led to their ubiquitous classification as Anthrosols (soils of anthropic origin). However, it remains unclear how indigenous peoples created areas of high fertility in one of the most nutrient-impoverished environments on Earth. Here, we report new data from a well-studied ADE site in the Brazilian Amazon, which compel us to reconsider its anthropic origin. The amounts of phosphorus and calcium—two of the least abundant macronutrients in the region—are orders of magnitude higher in ADE profiles than in the surrounding soil. The elevated levels of phosphorus and calcium, which are often interpreted as evidence of human activity at other sites, correlate spatially with trace elements that indicate exogenous mineral sources rather than in situ deposition. Stable isotope ratios of neodymium, strontium, and radiocarbon activity of microcharcoal particles also indicate exogenous inputs from alluvial deposition of carbon and mineral elements to ADE profiles, beginning several thousands of years before the earliest evidence of soil management for plant cultivation in the region. Our data suggest that indigenous peoples harnessed natural processes of landscape formation, which led to the unique properties of ADEs, but were not responsible for their genesis. If corroborated elsewhere, this hypothesis would transform our understanding of human influence in Amazonia, opening new frontiers for the sustainable use of tropical landscapes going forward.
p62/SQSTM1-droplet serves as a platform for autophagosome formation and anti-oxidative stress response
Authors: Kageyama Shun , Gudmundsson Sigurdur Runar , Sou Yu-Shin , Ichimura Yoshinobu , Tamura Naoki , Kazuno Saiko , Ueno Takashi , Miura Yoshiki , Noshiro Daisuke , Abe Manabu , Mizushima Tsunehiro , Miura Nobuaki , Okuda Shujiro , Motohashi Hozumi , Lee Jin-A , Sakimura Kenji , Ohe Tomoyuki , Noda Nobuo N. , Waguri Satoshi , Eskelinen Eeva-Liisa , Komatsu Masaaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAutophagy contributes to the selective degradation of liquid droplets, including the P-Granule, Ape1-complex and p62/SQSTM1-body, although the molecular mechanisms and physiological relevance of selective degradation remain unclear. In this report, we describe the properties of endogenous p62-bodies, the effect of autophagosome biogenesis on these bodies, and the in vivo significance of their turnover. p62-bodies are low-liquidity gels containing ubiquitin and core autophagy-related proteins. Multiple autophagosomes form on the p62-gels, and the interaction of autophagosome-localizing Atg8-proteins with p62 directs autophagosome formation toward the p62-gel. Keap1 also reversibly translocates to the p62-gels in a p62-binding dependent fashion to activate the transcription factor Nrf2. Mice deficient for Atg8-interaction-dependent selective autophagy show that impaired turnover of p62-gels leads to Nrf2 hyperactivation in vivo. These results indicate that p62-gels are not simple substrates for autophagy but serve as platforms for both autophagosome formation and anti-oxidative stress.
Structural basis for nuclear import selectivity of pioneer transcription factor SOX2
Authors: Jagga Bikshapathi , Edwards Megan , Pagin Miriam , Wagstaff Kylie M. , Aragão David , Roman Noelia , Nanson Jeffrey D. , Raidal Shane R. , Dominado Nicole , Stewart Murray , Jans David A. , Hime Gary R. , Nicolis Silvia K. , Basler Christopher F. , Forwood Jade K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSOX (SRY-related HMG-box) transcription factors perform critical functions in development and cell differentiation. These roles depend on precise nuclear trafficking, with mutations in the nuclear targeting regions causing developmental diseases and a range of cancers. SOX protein nuclear localization is proposed to be mediated by two nuclear localization signals (NLSs) positioned within the extremities of the DNA-binding HMG-box domain and, although mutations within either cause disease, the mechanistic basis has remained unclear. Unexpectedly, we find here that these two distantly positioned NLSs of SOX2 contribute to a contiguous interface spanning 9 of the 10 ARM domains on the nuclear import adapter IMPα3. We identify key binding determinants and show this interface is critical for neural stem cell maintenance and for Drosophila development. Moreover, we identify a structural basis for the preference of SOX2 binding to IMPα3. In addition to defining the structural basis for SOX protein localization, these results provide a platform for understanding how mutations and post-translational modifications within these regions may modulate nuclear localization and result in clinical disease, and also how other proteins containing multiple NLSs may bind IMPα through an extended recognition interface.
Long-read metagenomics using PromethION uncovers oral bacteriophages and their interaction with host bacteria
Authors: Yahara Koji , Suzuki Masato , Hirabayashi Aki , Suda Wataru , Hattori Masahira , Suzuki Yutaka , Okazaki Yusuke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBacteriophages (phages), or bacterial viruses, are very diverse and highly abundant worldwide, including as a part of the human microbiomes. Although a few metagenomic studies have focused on oral phages, they relied on short-read sequencing. Here, we conduct a long-read metagenomic study of human saliva using PromethION. Our analyses, which integrate both PromethION and HiSeq data of >30 Gb per sample with low human DNA contamination, identify hundreds of viral contigs; 0–43.8% and 12.5–56.3% of the confidently predicted phages and prophages, respectively, do not cluster with those reported previously. Our analyses demonstrate enhanced scaffolding, and the ability to place a prophage in its host genomic context and enable its taxonomic classification. Our analyses also identify a Streptococcus phage/prophage group and nine jumbo phages/prophages. 86% of the phage/prophage group and 67% of the jumbo phages/prophages contain remote homologs of antimicrobial resistance genes. Pan-genome analysis of the phages/prophages reveals remarkable diversity, identifying 0.3% and 86.4% of the genes as core and singletons, respectively. Furthermore, our study suggests that oral phages present in human saliva are under selective pressure to escape CRISPR immunity. Our study demonstrates the power of long-read metagenomics utilizing PromethION in uncovering bacteriophages and their interaction with host bacteria.
The ATM and ATR kinases regulate centrosome clustering and tumor recurrence by targeting KIFC1 phosphorylation
Authors: Fan Guangjian , Sun Lianhui , Meng Ling , Hu Chen , Wang Xing , Shi Zhan , Hu Congli , Han Yang , Yang Qingqing , Cao Liu , Zhang Xiaohong , Zhang Yan , Song Xianmin , Xia Shujie , He Baokun , Zhang Shengping , Wang Chuangui 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDrug resistance and tumor recurrence are major challenges in cancer treatment. Cancer cells often display centrosome amplification. To maintain survival, cancer cells achieve bipolar division by clustering supernumerary centrosomes. Targeting centrosome clustering is therefore considered a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the regulatory mechanisms of centrosome clustering remain unclear. Here we report that KIFC1, a centrosome clustering regulator, is positively associated with tumor recurrence. Under DNA damaging treatments, the ATM and ATR kinases phosphorylate KIFC1 at Ser26 to selectively maintain the survival of cancer cells with amplified centrosomes via centrosome clustering, leading to drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Inhibition of KIFC1 phosphorylation represses centrosome clustering and tumor recurrence. This study identified KIFC1 as a prognostic tumor recurrence marker, and revealed that tumors can acquire therapeutic resistance and recurrence via triggering centrosome clustering under DNA damage stresses, suggesting that blocking KIFC1 phosphorylation may open a new vista for cancer therapy.
Effectively modulating thermal activated charge transport in organic semiconductors by precise potential barrier engineering
Authors: Huang Yinan , Gong Xue , Meng Yancheng , Wang Zhongwu , Chen Xiaosong , Li Jie , Ji Deyang , Wei Zhongming , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe temperature dependence of charge transport dramatically affects and even determines the properties and applications of organic semiconductors, but is challenging to effectively modulate. Here, we develop a strategy to circumvent this challenge through precisely tuning the effective height of the potential barrier of the grain boundary (i.e., potential barrier engineering). This strategy shows that the charge transport exhibits strong temperature dependence when effective potential barrier height reaches maximum at a grain size near to twice the Debye length, and that larger or smaller grain sizes both reduce effective potential barrier height, rendering devices relatively thermostable. Significantly, through this strategy a traditional thermo-stable organic semiconductor (dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, DNTT) achieves a high thermo-sensitivity (relative current change) of 155, which is far larger than what is expected from a standard thermally-activated carrier transport. As demonstrations, we show that thermo-sensitive OFETs perform as highly sensitive temperature sensors.
Analysing the mechanism of mitochondrial oxidation-induced cell death using a multifunctional iridium(III) photosensitiser
Authors: Lee Chaiheon , Nam Jung Seung , Lee Chae Gyu , Park Mingyu , Yoo Chang-Mo , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Seo Jeong Kon , Kwon Tae-Hyuk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMitochondrial oxidation-induced cell death, a physiological process triggered by various cancer therapeutics to induce oxidative stress on tumours, has been challenging to investigate owing to the difficulties in generating mitochondria-specific oxidative stress and monitoring mitochondrial responses simultaneously. Accordingly, to the best of our knowledge, the relationship between mitochondrial protein oxidation via oxidative stress and the subsequent cell death-related biological phenomena has not been defined. Here, we developed a multifunctional iridium(III) photosensitiser, Ir-OA, capable of inducing substantial mitochondrial oxidative stress and monitoring the corresponding change in viscosity, polarity, and morphology. Photoactivation of Ir-OA triggers chemical modifications in mitochondrial protein-crosslinking and oxidation (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation complexes and channel and translocase proteins), leading to microenvironment changes, such as increased microviscosity and depolarisation. These changes are strongly related to cell death by inducing mitochondrial swelling with excessive fission and fusion. We suggest a potential mechanism from mitochondrial oxidative stress to cell death based on proteomic analyses and phenomenological observations.
Psychological characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance in Ireland and the United Kingdom
Authors: Murphy Jamie , Vallières Frédérique , Bentall Richard P. , Shevlin Mark , McBride Orla , Hartman Todd K. , McKay Ryan , Bennett Kate , Mason Liam , Gibson-Miller Jilly , Levita Liat , Martinez Anton P. , Stocks Thomas V. A. , Karatzias Thanos , Hyland Philip 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIdentifying and understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy within distinct populations may aid future public health messaging. Using nationally representative data from the general adult populations of Ireland (N = 1041) and the United Kingdom (UK; N = 2025), we found that vaccine hesitancy/resistance was evident for 35% and 31% of these populations respectively. Vaccine hesitant/resistant respondents in Ireland and the UK differed on a number of sociodemographic and health-related variables but were similar across a broad array of psychological constructs. In both populations, those resistant to a COVID-19 vaccine were less likely to obtain information about the pandemic from traditional and authoritative sources and had similar levels of mistrust in these sources compared to vaccine accepting respondents. Given the geographical proximity and socio-economic similarity of the populations studied, it is not possible to generalize findings to other populations, however, the methodology employed here may be useful to those wishing to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy elsewhere.
Sensory input drives rapid homeostatic scaling of the axon initial segment in mouse barrel cortex
Authors: Jamann Nora , Dannehl Dominik , Lehmann Nadja , Wagener Robin , Thielemann Corinna , Schultz Christian , Staiger Jochen , Kole Maarten H. P. , Engelhardt Maren 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe axon initial segment (AIS) is a critical microdomain for action potential initiation and implicated in the regulation of neuronal excitability during activity-dependent plasticity. While structural AIS plasticity has been suggested to fine-tune neuronal activity when network states change, whether it acts in vivo as a homeostatic regulatory mechanism in behaviorally relevant contexts remains poorly understood. Using the mouse whisker-to-barrel pathway as a model system in combination with immunofluorescence, confocal analysis and electrophysiological recordings, we observed bidirectional AIS plasticity in cortical pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, we find that structural and functional AIS remodeling occurs in distinct temporal domains: Long-term sensory deprivation elicits an AIS length increase, accompanied with an increase in neuronal excitability, while sensory enrichment results in a rapid AIS shortening, accompanied by a decrease in action potential generation. Our findings highlight a central role of the AIS in the homeostatic regulation of neuronal input-output relations.
Biomimetic caged platinum catalyst for hydrosilylation reaction with high site selectivity
Authors: Pan Ganghuo , Hu Chunhua , Hong Song , Li Huaping , Yu Dongdong , Cui Chengqian , Li Qiaosheng , Liang Nianjie , Jiang Ying , Zheng Lirong , Jiang Lei , Liu Yuzhou 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNatural enzymes exhibit unparalleled selectivity due to the microenvironment around the active sites, but how to design artificial catalysts to achieve similar performance is a formidable challenge for the catalysis community. Herein, we report that a less selective platinum catalyst becomes highly active and selective for industrially relevant hydrosilylation of a broad range of substrates when a porous cage ligand is used for confinement around the catalytic active site. The catalyst is more than ten times more active than Karstedt’s catalyst while being recyclable. Properties such as size-selective catalysis and Michaelis-Menten kinetics support the proposed enzyme-like model. This biomimetic catalyst exhibits remarkable site-selectivity through the cage’s confining effect, which amplifies small steric differences into dramatic reactivity changes for similar functional groups within a molecule.
Longitudinal dynamics of gut bacteriome, mycobiome and virome after fecal microbiota transplantation in graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Zhang Fen , Zuo Tao , Yeoh Yun Kit , Cheng Frankie W. T. , Liu Qin , Tang Whitney , Cheung Kitty C. Y. , Yang Keli , Cheung Chun Pan , Mo Chow Chung , Hui Mamie , Chan Francis K. L. , Li Chi-Kong , Chan Paul K. S. , Ng Siew C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has emerged as a potential treatment for severe colitis associated with graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) following hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Bacterial engraftment from FMT donor to recipient has been reported, however the fate of fungi and viruses after FMT remains unclear. Here we report longitudinal dynamics of the gut bacteriome, mycobiome and virome in a teenager with GvHD after receiving four doses of FMT at weekly interval. After serial FMTs, the gut bacteriome, mycobiome and virome of the patient differ from compositions before FMT with variable temporal dynamics. Diversity of the gut bacterial community increases after each FMT. Gut fungal community initially shows expansion of several species followed by a decrease in diversity after multiple FMTs. In contrast, gut virome community varies substantially over time with a stable rise in diversity. The bacterium, Corynebacterium jeikeium, and Torque teno viruses, decrease after FMTs in parallel with an increase in the relative abundance of Caudovirales bacteriophages. Collectively, FMT may simultaneously impact on the various components of the gut microbiome with distinct effects.
Neutralizing antibody titres in SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Lau Eric H. Y. , Tsang Owen T. Y. , Hui David S. C. , Kwan Mike Y. W. , Chan Wai-hung , Chiu Susan S. , Ko Ronald L. W. , Chan Kin H. , Cheng Samuel M. S. , Perera Ranawaka A. P. M. , Cowling Benjamin J. , Poon Leo L. M. , Peiris Malik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses the greatest global public health challenge in a century. Neutralizing antibody is a correlate of protection and data on kinetics of virus neutralizing antibody responses are needed. We tested 293 sera from an observational cohort of 195 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections collected from 0 to 209 days after onset of symptoms. Of 115 sera collected ≥61 days after onset of illness tested using plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT) assays, 99.1% remained seropositive for both 90% (PRNT90) and 50% (PRNT50) neutralization endpoints. We estimate that it takes at least 372, 416 and 133 days for PRNT50 titres to drop to the detection limit of a titre of 1:10 for severe, mild and asymptomatic patients, respectively. At day 90 after onset of symptoms (or initial RT-PCR detection in asymptomatic infections), it took 69, 87 and 31 days for PRNT50 antibody titres to decrease by half (T1/2) in severe, mild and asymptomatic infections, respectively. Patients with severe disease had higher peak PRNT90 and PRNT50 antibody titres than patients with mild or asymptomatic infections. Age did not appear to compromise antibody responses, even after accounting for severity. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits robust neutralizing antibody titres in most individuals.
Multi-domain translation between single-cell imaging and sequencing data using autoencoders
Authors: Yang Karren Dai , Belyaeva Anastasiya , Venkatachalapathy Saradha , Damodaran Karthik , Katcoff Abigail , Radhakrishnan Adityanarayanan , Shivashankar G. V. , Uhler Caroline 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of single-cell methods for capturing different data modalities including imaging and sequencing has revolutionized our ability to identify heterogeneous cell states. Different data modalities provide different perspectives on a population of cells, and their integration is critical for studying cellular heterogeneity and its function. While various methods have been proposed to integrate different sequencing data modalities, coupling imaging and sequencing has been an open challenge. We here present an approach for integrating vastly different modalities by learning a probabilistic coupling between the different data modalities using autoencoders to map to a shared latent space. We validate this approach by integrating single-cell RNA-seq and chromatin images to identify distinct subpopulations of human naive CD4+ T-cells that are poised for activation. Collectively, our approach provides a framework to integrate and translate between data modalities that cannot yet be measured within the same cell for diverse applications in biomedical discovery.
Strain-stabilized superconductivity
Authors: Ruf J. P. , Paik H. , Schreiber N. J. , Nair H. P. , Miao L. , Kawasaki J. K. , Nelson J. N. , Faeth B. D. , Lee Y. , Goodge B. H. , Pamuk B. , Fennie C. J. , Kourkoutis L. F. , Schlom D. G. , Shen K. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuperconductivity is among the most fascinating and well-studied quantum states of matter. Despite over 100 years of research, a detailed understanding of how features of the normal-state electronic structure determine superconducting properties has remained elusive. For instance, the ability to deterministically enhance the superconducting transition temperature by design, rather than by serendipity, has been a long sought-after goal in condensed matter physics and materials science, but achieving this objective may require new tools, techniques and approaches. Here, we report the transmutation of a normal metal into a superconductor through the application of epitaxial strain. We demonstrate that synthesizing RuO2 thin films on (110)-oriented TiO2 substrates enhances the density of states near the Fermi level, which stabilizes superconductivity under strain, and suggests that a promising strategy to create new transition-metal superconductors is to apply judiciously chosen anisotropic strains that redistribute carriers within the low-energy manifold of d orbitals.