bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Genus Corispermum L. (Amaranthaceae) in the Baltic States
Authors: Evarts-Bunders Pēteris , Evarte-Bundere Gunta , Medne Maija , Bojāre Aiva , Krasnopoļska Dana , Svilāne Inita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the data on taxonomical diversity and distribution patterns and dynamics of the Corispermum species in the Baltic States over the last hundred years. Field studies and the herbarium material analyses were carried out. The distribution dynamics was analysed by comparing all known localities of the Corispermum species in two time periods: by 1990, and from 1991 to the present. Analysis of the herbarium material confirmed that currently there are four species in the Baltic States: Corispermum hyssopifolium, C. declinatum, C. intermedium and C. pallasii. The only endemic species to the Eastern Baltic Region, C. intermedium, is considered as typical for annual vegetation on embryonic shifting dunes and other coastal habitats. In Lithuania, this species is considered extinct or almost extinct, as has not been found for more than 30 years, only its hybrids with C. pallasii. The largest and most stable population of C. intermedium has been found on the eastern shore of the Gulf of Rīga in Latvia. Other species such as ephemerophytic C. hyssopifolium and C. declinatum also prefer dry and disturbed habitats. Both have become less frequent in recent years. However, potentially invasive C. pallasii has been observed in the region with increasing distribution dynamics. The Estonian and Latvian herbaria analysis confirmed that all specimens previously identified as C. algidum after re-examination were identified as C. pallasii or C. intermedium and more often as hybrid C. intermedium × C. pallasii.
Comparative Evaluation of Argania spinosa and Olea europaea Leaf Phenolic Compounds and their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Lfitat Aziza , Zejli Hind , Bousselham Abdelkamel , Atki Yassine El , Lyoussi Badiaa , Gourch Abdelkader , Abdellaoui Abdelfattah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe conducted this study to determine and compare the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the argan and olive leaves as well as their antioxidant capacity in aqueous, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracted fractions. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated in comparison with synthetic antioxidants by assessing DPPH• radical scavenging capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, scavenging ability by inhibiting the β-carotene/linoleic acid emulsion oxidation, and by the ABTS radical scavenging activity assay. Total phenolic content in argan samples ranged from 221.69 ± 2.07 to 1.32 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g DW and in olive samples from 144.61 ± 0.82 to 1.21 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g DW. Total flavonoids content in argan samples varied from 267.37 ± 1.12 to 25.48 ± 0.02 mg QE/g DW, while in olives from 96.06 ± 0.78 to 10.63 ± 0.05 mg QE/g DW. In vitro antioxidant studies strongly confirmed the antioxidant potency of argan and olive leaves and their richness in secondary metabolites that are effective in free radicals scavenging and metal chelating capacities, indicating their antioxidant power.
Comparative characteristics of proton pump inhibitor effectiveness in the treatment of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer
Authors: Balitska Olesya P. , Germanyuk Tamara A. , Hryhoruk Yuliia M. , Ivko Tatiana I. , Tomashevska Yuliia O. , Koval Vasyl M. , Polishchuk Yuliia M. , Hutsol Viktoriia V. , Artemchuk Myhailo A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers as based on literature.
Materials and methods: The materials of this research are the results of 86 original studies on the effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors analysis.

Methods. Descriptive, statistical, retrospective.

Results and Conclusion. According to the clinical random researches, Omeprazole preparations are not included in the list due to proven better effectiveness of Esomeprazole drugs. Moreover, lansoprazole drugs are not included according to proven short-acid inhibitory effect. In addition, the brand of mentioned above preparation does not exist on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Furthermore, rabeprazole preparations are presented in the research by Pariet (brand) and by the effective generic Barol, while pantoprazole preparations are represented in the research by Kontrolok (brand) and by the generic Pultset, as well as by Nolpaza. Herein, the Pantosan effect was not significantly different from the effect of Pultset and Nolpaza, but the preparation is much more expensive. In terms of efficiency (%), 4 week repair of mucosal defects was carried out by way of the following treatment regimens: Barol + Amoxicillin + Clarythromycin (90.9±6.2), Pariet + Amoxicillin + Clarythromycin (83±2.6), Kontrolok + Amoxicillin + Clarythromycin (100±1.3), Pultset + Amoxicillin + Clarythromycin (88±4.1), Nolpaza + Amoxicillin + Clarythromycin (72±4.1), Ezolonh + Amoxicillin + Clarythromycin (87.7±3.8), Neksium + Amoxicillin + Clarythromycin (96.1±3.1).
Personal and higher-level values of pharmacy students declaring work with patients as a preferred career path – preliminary results
Authors: Turska Dorota , Skrzypek Michal , Marzec Agnieszka , Szczygiel Karolina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction and Aim. The study aims to review the premise according to which a specific set of personal values is characteristic of pharmacy students indicating work in direct contact with the patient and building a therapeutic relationship as a preferred area of professional activity. The theoretical basis for the study draws on the Schwartz model of personal values.

Material and Method. The research was conducted among 211 students at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University in Lublin, aged 21-30 years (M=23.17; SD=1.26). The reference group (n=83) was composed of respondents declaring preference for a professional activity implying direct contact with patients (mainly retail pharmacy). The control group included students declaring preference for a professional path not entailing direct contact with patients. The study employed the Polish version of the Schwartz Value Survey, as well as the authors’ own questionnaire pertaining to career path preference.

Results. Students declaring preference for direct contacts with patients as their chosen career path, compared to respondents declaring preference for the other alternatives were more likely, as compared to the control, to express preference for the personal values of “security” and scored higher in terms of the higher-level value “conservation”. In addition, a higher preference (oscillating around statistical significance) for the personal value “benevolence” of the control group was demonstrated.

Conclusions. The preference for the values revealed by pharmacy students declaring a choice of retail pharmacy gives rise to concern about the possibility of implementing a new model of pharmaceutical care in Poland.
Proteolytic parameter changes in the plasma of patients with bladder cancer – depending on tumor stage
Authors: Dmytryk Viktor , Luhovska Tetiana , Yakovlev Pavel , Savchuk Olexiy , Halenova Tetiana , Raksha Nataliia , Ostapchenko Ludmila 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a worldwide common disease with a high mortality rate. Recognizing the dynamic changes in plasma that proteases and their inhibitors undergo might be valuable in understanding the carcinogenesis of invasive bladder cancer and in identifying BC patients with poor prognosis. This study aims to determine the activity of the proteolytic enzyme system and their inhibitors in patients with BC. In this paper, the total proteolytic activity, the activity of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and serine proteases was analyzed by the method of caseinolytic activity. For detection of activity of some inhibitors of proteolysis, we used the unified method for determining the activity of alpha-1-antitrypsin (α1A) and alpha-2-Macroglobulin (α2M) in human plasma. The level of medium-mass molecules (MMM) was assessed spectrophotometrically by applying the Nikolaichik method.
The activity of MMPs was elevated in all groups of patients. Moreover, the activity of serine proteases was found to be enhanced in patients with Stage I, III and IV BC, while the activity of α1A was up by 1.4 and 1.3 times in patients with Stage I and Stage IV. The most significant increase was observed with regard to the activity of α2M in patients with I and III stages of BC. In addition, the level of MMM correlated with cancer stage. Indeed, the highest increase in the activity of protease inhibitors was observed in Stage I bladder cancer patients, which might signify their protective role at the onset of the bladder carcinogenesis. In contrast, significant growth in activity of α2M in patients with III stage of BC may point at a compensatory mechanism that inhibits tumor growth.
Effect of Achillea santolina essential oil on bacterial biofilm and its mode of action
Authors: Al-Shuneigat Jehad , Al-Sarayreh Sameeh , Al-Saraireh Yousef , Al-Qudah Mahmoud 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Increased multidrug resistance prompted researchers to search for a new drug that has the ability to overcome antibiotic resistant pathogens. Essential oils have been used in folk medicine for centuries, therefore, they could be employed as an effective alternative to antibiotics without having secondary side effects.
The aim of the present study was to test the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil of Achillea santolina and to ascertain its mode of action.
Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) susceptibility assays were performed using a biofilm inoculator with a 96-well plate with peg led. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was performed in normal microtitre plates using a twofold dilution series.

Achillea santolina essential oil (ASEO) was able to overcome the resistance of all tested bacteria. The MIC values were in the range of 250-1000 µg/ml, while the MBC values were in the range of 500-2000 µg/ml. ASEO increased leakage of potassium ions from the cell membrane and increased release of cellular materials – suggesting that the cell membrane is the target and site of action of ASEO. Moreover, ASEO was able to inhibit initial adherence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ATCC 43300) at sub-inhibitory concentrations through alterations to cell membrane.
Optimization of tablet formulation containing ginger dry extract
Authors: Malek Walid A.A. , Ruban Olena Anatoliivna , Kutova Olga V. , Herbina Nataliia A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is one of the world’s most common diseases, therefore the development and introduction of new effective drugs for diabetes treatment into clinical practice is an important task for the health systems of many countries of the world.

Aim. The aim of our work was to determine and substantiate the quantitative ratio of excipients for the development of the optimal composition of directly compressible ginger dry extract tablets.

Materials and methods. To choose the optimal composition of tablets containing ginger dry extract, the effect of various quantitative ratios of the excipients Kollidon K30 and Neusilin UFL 2 on tablet mass pharmaceutical technical parameters, determined by established methods, was studied. For processing the experimental data, mathematical methods were used: design of experiment, regression analysis and a technique based on the theory of vector optimization.

Results. The interrelation between factors that were studied and technological parameters of tablet mass and compressed tablets were analyzed using regression equations.
Conclusions. The studies conducted allowed to chose the optimal composition of ginger dry extract tablets: ginger dry extract – 60%, Galen IQ 721 – 34.5%, Kollidon K30 – 3.5%, Neusilin UFL 2 – 1%, calcium stearate – 1%. The chosen tablet formulation is characterized by pharmaceutical technical parameters meeting the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia and the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.
Microbiological purity of syringes containing composites in the context of cross-infection prevention in dental practices
Authors: Bialowska Joanna , Bojar Witold , Zareba Tomasz , Tyski Stefan , Tymczyna-Borowicz Barbara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cross-infection involves the transmission of microorganisms through secretions, bodily fluids and excreta, as well as undisinfected surfaces and medical equipment. In the dental office, diseases are transmitted via various routes, e.g. from patient to dentist or other member of dental team, from doctor or dental team member to patient, from patient to another patient, from dental office to community and from community to patient. The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of infection control in dental practices based on the qualitative and quantitative assessment of microbiological contaminants detected on the surface of filling material packaging used in dental offices. The material for research were 9 packages containing dental materials during their use in 3 dental settings. The packages were placed in sterile flasks and rinsed to wash microorganisms from the surfaces. The washes were filtered through membrane filters and cultured under proper aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and at elevated CO2 concentration. Microbial growth on TIO and TSB media was observed. The contamination of most samples remained low as indicated by the growth from one to a maximum of five colonies on TSA. The contamination remained at the level of 10-50 CFU/package, i.e. <100 CFU/single package. The tests evaluating the contamination of dental package surfaces with aerobic bacteria confirmed high hygiene standards observed in dental offices from which the packages were brought.
The role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer
Authors: Dworzanska Anna , Strycharz-Dudziak Malgorzata , Dworzanski Jakub , Stec Agnieszka , Rajtar Barbara , Drop Bartlomiej , Polz-Dacewicz Malgorzata 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is the most common malignancy caused by EBV infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as major components of innate immune system are crucial in the development of inflammatory processes and carcinogenesis. The aim of our study was to evaluate tissue and serum level of TLR9 in EBV-positive and EBV-negative gastric cancer patients. The study involved 30 EBV(+) and 30 EBV(-) patients. EBV DNA was detected in fresh frozen tumor tissue. In serum samples TLR9 level, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and antibodies against EBV were detected using ELISA tests. TLR9 level was also measured in homogenate of tumour tissue. TLR9 level was statistically lower in EBV(+) patients both in serum and tissue, with statistically higher level in tissue than in serum. Lower level of TLR9 was accompanied by higher level of Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EBVCA), Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) and early antigen (EA). A lower level of TLR9 was detected in patients with poorly differentiated cancer (G3) and greater lymph nodes involvement (N3-N4). Lower level of TLR9 in patients with EA may point to TLR9 role in reactivation of EBV infection.
Comparative Histological Analysis of Intestines of Loach, Grass Carp and Catfish Provide Insights into Adaptive Characteristics in Air-Breathing Fish
Authors: Huang Longfei , Yang Lijuan , Liu Jianfang , Cao Xiaojuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Accessory respiratory is generally accepted to have evolved independently on numerous occasions in adaption to aquatic hypoxia in freshwater habitats. In general, the air-breathing organ in fish is believed to be structurally modified to supplement respiration. In this study, intuitive evidence for elaborate structural modifications of the intestine, an air-breathing organ in mud loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), compared with two other obligate aquatic breathers, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), were directly provided by histological and morphometric methods. As a result, a sharply decreasing height of mucosal folds and thickness of muscularis were manifested in loach intestine from its anterior to posterior region. Compared with grass carp and yellow catfish, loach had the smallest ratios of mucosal fold height/muscularis thickness to intestinal lumen radius in the posterior intestine. These suggested that the posterior intestine is the air-breathing location for the loach. Furthermore, length density of capillary (0.46±0.05 μm−2) in the posterior intestine of the loach was significantly higher than those of grass carp and yellow catfish. Meanwhile, diffusion distance of air-blood barrier (1.34±0.04 μm) in the posterior intestine of the loach was significantly smaller than those of the other two fish species. In summary, the characteristics of highly vascularized, short diffusion distance of air-blood barrier, thinned and flattened made the posterior intestine a perfect air-breathing location for the loach.
Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenolic Profile of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Green Husks and Liqueurs
Authors: Kulačanin Dijana , Bijelić Sandra , Šućur Jovana , Bogdanović Borivoje , Ercisli Sezai , Malenčić Đorđe 
Published: July 2020

Summary
The beneficial effects of walnuts and walnut products on human health, due primarily to their rich polyphenolic content, have been appreciated as an empirical fact for centuries. The purpose of this study is to determine the polyphenolic contents of liqueurs made from the walnut selections ‘Rasna’ and ‘Sava’ and the walnut cultivar ‘Šampion’ (all harvested at three different times), as well as the polyphenolic contents of their green husks. The walnut liqueurs were prepared according to two traditional recipes using young walnut fruits. The highest antioxidant capacity was recorded in the liqueur made from the ‘Rasna’ walnut selection (89.94%), whereas the highest contents of phenols (83.28 mg GAE/g FW), flavonoids (0.83 mg QE/g FW) and proanthocyanidins were found in the liqueur made from the ‘Šampion’ cultivar (14.75 mg CE/g FW). The youngest ‘Rasna’ walnuts, harvested at the first experimental time point, exhibited the highest phenolic and tannin contents, whereas the highest flavonoid content was observed in the ‘Šampion’ cultivar. The biochemical results obtained indicate a decrease in the polyphenolic content of walnut fruits with their growth and development. Moreover, the polyphenolic profiles of the walnut liqueurs considered were found to be greatly affected by the method of preparation and the cultivar/selection of walnuts.
Adoption of Rice Post-Harvest Technologies Among Smallholder Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adisa Banji Olalere , Famakinwa Michael , Adeloye Kolawole Adelekan 
Published: July 2020

Summary
The study assessed adoption of rice post-harvest technologies among smallholder farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 120 respondents through a structured interview schedule using a multistage sampling procedure. Percentages, means, Chi-square and correlation were used to analyse the data and draw inferences. The results show that about 52.5% of the respondents had favourable perception, while 47.5% had unfavourable perception towards adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies. Rice milling (mean=4.54) and harvesting matured panicles at the right time (mean=4.47) ranked highest among the adopted post-harvest technologies, while majority (65%) of the respondents adopted the rice post-harvest technologies at moderate level and 35% had high level of adoption. Inadequate capital (mean=1.75) and poor extension contacts (mean=1.67) were the major constraints associated with the adoption. Also, there was significant association between sex (χ2= 38.174), marital status (χ2=32.85) and adoption of the rice post-harvest technologies, while age (r=-0.531), household size (r=0.414) and the quantity of rice produced (r=0.345) had significant relationship with adoption of the post-harvest rice technologies. There was moderate level of adoption among the farmers. Financial institutions, governments and non-governmental organisations should provide functional credit facilities and government should employ more extension agents to promote adoption of high-quality enhancing post-harvest technologies for sustainable rice production in Nigeria.
Inappropriate hemodialysis treatment and palliative care
Authors: Novotný Rudolf , Novotná Zuzana , Andraščíková Štefánia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses inappropriate (futile) treatment by analyzing the casuistics of palliative patients in the terminal stage of illness who are hospitalized at the Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics of the Faculty hospital with policlinic (FNsP). Our research applies the principles of palliative care in the context of bioethics. The existing clinical conditions of healthcare in Slovakia are characteristic of making a taboo of the issues of inappropriate treatment of palliative patients. Inductive-deductive and normative clinical bioethics methods of palliative care and ethical strategy are applied for defining issues found in inappropriate hemodialysis treatment. An algorithm of hemodialysis treatment requires the definition of those lege artis criteria which, in the context of a patient’s autonomy and his/her decision, precondition the avoidance of the situation in which hemodialysis treatment is inappropriate (futile). Futile treatment in a terminal condition is ethically inappropriate medical treatment that extends the suffering of patients and their relatives. Its definition is determined by the relevant legislation and the methods of bioethics. An active palliative strategy is aimed at managing the process of incurable diseases in the patient’s bio-psycho-socio-spiritual continuity in the process of special bioethics. The global bioethical objective of general bioethics for palliative care is based on the paradigm of social harmony and solidarity in the context of an authentic modus of the patient’s existence as a constitutive principle for the phenomenon of the patient’s being to finite being (death).
Using the Methodological Procedures for Water Erosion Risk Areas Identification for Sustainable Land Use
Authors: Petlušová Viera , Petluš Peter , Tobiašová Erika , Hreško Juraj 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The countries of the European Union have joined, inter alia, soil protection in the Common Agricultural Policy (hereinafter referred to as CAP). Accelerated soil erosion is a problem resulting from inappropriate land management, which affects both the presence of organic matter and the soil structure. The tool for elimination of negative impacts on soil can be its sustainable use. This requires the use of an accurate system to improve its condition. The first step should be problem identification and localisation. The research is aimed at the identification of water erosion risk areas by using selected methodological procedures. The research area was located at the intensively used hilly land of the Southwestern Slovakia. The digitisation of the manual interpretation of erosion risk areas with the use of aerial photos, erosion modelling, chemical analysis of soil organic matter (SOM) and analysis of soil structure were used. Verification was implemented via the field research with the use of the soil probes. Methods affirmed significant presence of the water erosion in the area. Efficient identification of erosional processes is possible via combination of presented methods by taking into consideration geological, geomorphological, pedological and geographical conditions and the use of the area over a longer period of time. The results of using methods that ensure accurate and effective localisation of erosion surfaces can be used for sustainable land use and its conservation.