bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes Mellitus Are Associated With Post–Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Renal Dysfunction: An Advancing Liver Therapeutic Approaches Group Study
Authors: Ge Jin , Lai Jennifer C. , Boike Justin Richard , German Margarita , Jest Nathaniel , Morelli Giuseppe , Spengler Erin , Said Adnan , Lee Alexander , Hristov Alexander , Desai Archita P. , Junna Shilpa , Pokhrel Bhupesh , Couri Thomas , Paul Sonali , Frenette Catherine , Christian‐Miller Nathaniel , Laurito Marcela , Verna Elizabeth C. , Rahim Usman , Goel Aparna , Das Arighno , Pine Stewart , Gregory Dyanna , VanWagner Lisa B. , Kolli Kanti Pallav ,   Advancing Liver Therapeutic Approaches (ALTA) Study Group
Published: November 2020

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an effective intervention for portal hypertensive complications, but its effect on renal function is not well characterized. Here we describe renal function and characteristics associated with renal dysfunction at 30 days post‐TIPS. Adults with cirrhosis who underwent TIPS at 9 hospitals in the United States from 2010 to 2015 were included. We defined “post‐TIPS renal dysfunction” as a change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (ΔeGFR) ≤−15 and eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or new renal replacement therapy (RRT) at day 30. We identified the characteristics associated with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction by logistic regression and evaluated survival using adjusted competing risk regressions. Of the 673 patients, the median age was 57 years, 38% of the patients were female, 26% had diabetes mellitus, and the median MELD‐Na was 17. After 30 days post‐TIPS, 66 (10%) had renal dysfunction, of which 23 (35%) required new RRT. Patients with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction, compared with those with stable renal function, were more likely to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; 33% versus 17%; P = 0.01) and comorbid diabetes mellitus (42% versus 24%; P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regressions showed NAFLD (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐4.17; P = 0.05), serum sodium (Na; OR, 1.06 per mEq/L; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.12; P = 0.03), and diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.16‐3.61; P = 0.01) were associated with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction. Competing risk regressions showed that those with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction were at a higher subhazard of death (subhazard ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.18‐2.56; P = 0.01). In this large, multicenter cohort, we found NAFLD, diabetes mellitus, and baseline Na associated with post‐TIPS renal dysfunction. This study suggests that patients with NAFLD and diabetes mellitus undergoing TIPS evaluation may require additional attention to cardiac and renal comorbidities before proceeding with the procedure.
Analysis of neural cell behaviour on anisotropic electrically conductive polymeric biodegradable scaffolds reinforced with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ghosh Souvik , Shrivastava Ananya , Jha Pallavi , Roy Partha , Lahiri Debrupa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe advent of biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds has opened up a plethora of possibilities in neural tissue engineering. An emerging approach to overcome some existing drawbacks of neural scaffold design and functioning is a natural conductive polymeric scaffold. It is analogous to the extracellular matrix and provides an environment conducive to neural growth. This study focuses on the fabrication of soft polymeric neural scaffold, reinforced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a chitosan matrix, for directional neuronal growth. The scaffolds were fabricated by varying the nanofiller content as 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. wt%, which were aligned in the chitosan matrix by an alternating bias electric field and compared with their random counterpart. The uniform distribution of the nanofillers in the matrix, good combinatorial bonding, and the directional alignment of the MWCNTs resulted in enhancement of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity in comparison to scaffolds with randomly arranged reinforcements. Additionally, the degradation kinetics of the fabricated scaffolds was tuned to the regeneration regime of peripheral nerves. After physical characterization, the biocompatibility of the designed scaffolds was evaluated by culturing HT‐22 neuronal cells on the scaffolds. Along with biocompatibility, the suitability of anisotropic conductivity of the scaffolds was evaluated by the directional growth of cells cultured on aligned MWCNT–chitosan scaffold. The preferential direction of neurite growth achieved on chitosan‐aligned MWCNT films and the improved mechanical and electrical properties in the MWCNT alignment direction are very encouraging for their potential use in neural tissue engineering.
Comparison of Active and Passive Larval Sampling Gears in Monitoring Reproduction of Invasive Bigheaded Carps in Large-River Tributaries
Authors: Roth Daniel R. , Pesik Jordan J. , Effert-Fanta Eden L. , Wahl David H. , Colombo Robert E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp H. nobilis, collectively known as bigheaded carps (BHC), are invasive fishes in the Mississippi River and surrounding basins. Increasing evidence suggests harmful impacts of BHC on native fisheries (e.g., competition). Monitoring the abundance of BHC is difficult with traditional fisheries gears, and few studies have evaluated early life stage sampling. Identifying the spawning locations of BHC through early life stage sampling has the ability to enhance management efforts by applying focus to areas that have potential to serve as population sources. We evaluated the performance of three gears in sampling larval BHC and native taxa within large-river tributaries in terms of abundance, community assemblage, and size structure. We sampled ichthyoplankton in tributaries with active (push net) and passive (drift net, light trap) gears from March through September 2016. Relative abundance of BHC was greatest in push nets followed by drift nets and was lowest in light traps. Native cyprinids and catostomids as well as BHC comprised a large portion of the total catch. Environmental and habitat characteristics (stream velocity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature) related to BHC reproduction influenced each gear’s ability to capture larval BHC, although relationships in final models were not significant. Taxonomic size selectivity existed among gears; in particular, larger BHC were collected in push nets relative to the other gears. Push nets were the most effective in sampling BHC, and remaining gears exhibited unique strengths. Although less effective than active push nets, drift nets proved useful for monitoring BHC in tributaries and may be advantageous in shallow systems with adequate flow. Light traps were ineffective at capturing BHC larvae in tributaries but may offer utility in lentic habitats or for native cyprinids. Our comparison serves as a guide for monitoring larval BHC in their invaded range and for detection in new areas, such as tributaries of the Great Lakes.
Predictors of poor mental health among nurses during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kim Son Chae , Quiban Carlota , Sloan Christine , Montejano Anna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the impact of various factors affecting nurses' mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignAn online cross‐sectional study.MethodsRegistered nurses who graduated from a nursing school in Southern California, USA, participated in the study from 20 April–10 May 2020 (N = 320). Kendall's tau correlations and multivariate logistic regression procedures were performed with stress, anxiety and depression as outcome variables.ResultsMost nurses reported moderate/high stress (80.1%), while 43% and 26% reported moderate/severe anxiety and depression, respectively. COVID‐19 patient care was positively associated with moderate/severe high stress (OR = 2.25; p = .012) and moderate/severe anxiety (OR = 3.04; p < .001), whereas quarantine was associated with moderate/severe depression (OR = 2.68; p < .001). High levels of family functioning, resilience and spirituality predicted two‐ to sixfold lower odds of moderate/severe stress, anxiety or depression. High resilience, spirituality and family functioning appear to be good coping mechanisms for nurses against stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic.
Legendre wavelet collocation method for fractional optimal control problems with fractional Bolza cost
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Mehra Mani 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper exhibits a numerical method for solving general fractional optimal control problems involving a dynamical system described by a nonlinear Caputo fractional differential equation, associated with a fractional Bolza cost composed as the aggregate of a standard Mayer cost and a fractional Lagrange cost given by a Riemann–Liouville fractional integral. By using the Lagrange multiplier within the calculus of variations and by applying integration by part formula, the necessary optimality conditions are derived in terms of a nonlinear two‐point fractional‐order boundary value problem. An operational matrix of fractional order right Riemann–Liouville integration is proposed and by utilizing it, the obtained two‐point fractional‐order boundary value problem is reduced into the solution of an algebraic system. AnL2‐error estimate in the approximation of unknown variable by Legendre wavelet is derived and in the last, illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
Dual nature solutions for temperature‐dependent transport properties of nanofluid flow with entropy generation
Authors: Ahmad Shafiq , Ullah Naeem , Nadeem Sohail 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional stagnation‐point flow with variable viscosity over a nonlinear stretching/shrinking surface is investigated. Utilizing the second law of thermodynamics the entropy generation analysis is deliberated. Instantaneous impacts of heat generation coefficient, variable thermal conductivity, magnetohydrodynamics, chemical reaction, first order velocity slip, and variable mass diffusivity are also added to explain the salient feature of mass and heat transfer. Consuming the appropriate similarity transformation, the partial differential equations are changed to a system of ordinary differential equations, and a bvp4c function from Matlab is used for solution purposes. The dual nature of the problem is debated by finding the critical values corresponding the suction and stretching parameter. A parametric study on axial velocity, temperature filed, concentration distribution, and entropy profile has been conducted. The results obtained by our proposed numerical model illustrate a satisfying agreement with the existing result. It is found that the entropy generation is an increasing function of Brinkmann number, diffusive constant parameter, and Reynold number while it is diminishing for enhancing value of temperature difference parameter. Further it is noticed that the variable thermal conductivity parameter enhance the skin friction.
Strategies to manage weight during the holiday season among US adults: A descriptive study from the National Weight Control Registry
Authors: Olson KayLoni , Coffino Jaime A. , Thomas J. Graham , Wing Rena R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHolidays are challenging for weight control and are consistently associated with weight gain. Managing holiday weight gain may be especially difficult for individuals with higher body weight or a history of overweight/obesity. The current study evaluated how individuals with a history of successful weight loss plan for the holiday season and how the use of weight control strategies was associated with weight change.MethodsA subgroup of participants in the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) were asked to complete a survey before (November) and after the holidays (January). At pre‐holiday, participants reported height, weight, and weight goals for the holiday season (lose, maintain, minimize gains, or gain), and selected the top three weight control strategies they planned to use (from a list of 18). Post‐holiday, participants reported weight and how often (frequently, infrequently, or not at all) they used each of the 18 strategies throughout the holidays.ResultsIndividuals who completed both surveys were included in the analysis (n = 683; 69% female, 93% white, 54.6 years [SD: 13.2], 26.9 kg/m2 [SD: 5.5]). Pre‐holiday, 64% of participants were currently trying to lose weight. Only 35% of the sample wanted to continue losing weight during the holiday season. The most common strategies individuals planned to use during the holiday season were evidence based (maintaining exercise, monitoring portions, tracking foods, and self‐weighing). Participants gained 0.66 kg (SD: 1.85) from pre‐ to post‐holiday and reported using an average of 12/18 strategies. A greater number of strategies were associated with less weight gain (F[1, 670] = 4.28, p = 0.04). Daily self‐weighing (p = 0.03) and prioritizing food choices (p = 0.02) were individually associated with less weight gain.DiscussionParticipants in the NWCR entered the holiday season with a variety of goals for their weight and used many different strategies to control their weight. Having a wider range of strategies may be helpful to navigate the challenges to weight control during the holidays.
COVID‐19 and children with cancer: Parents’ experiences, anxieties and support needs
Authors: Darlington Anne‐Sophie E. , Morgan Jessica E. , Wagland Richard , Sodergren Samantha C. , Culliford David , Gamble Ashley , Phillips Bob 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cancer were designated as clinically extremely vulnerable if they were to contract SARS‐CoV‐2 due to immune suppression in the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our aim was to explore experiences, information and support needs, and decision making of parents with a child with cancer in response to this phase in the United Kingdom.MethodsParents of a child with cancer completed a survey at a time when the UK moved into a period of ‘lockdown’. An online survey was developed by the research team to capture parents’ experiences, information and support needs, and decision making, using closed statements and open text boxes. Descriptive quantitative analyses and qualitative thematic content analysis were undertaken.FindingsOne hundred seventy‐one parents/caregivers completed the survey. Eighty‐five percent were worried about the virus and they were vigilant about the virus (92%) or cancer symptoms (93.4%). For two‐thirds (69.6%), hospital was no longer considered a safe place. Eight overarching themes were identified related to the virus: (a) risk of infection; (b) information, guidance and advice; (c) health care provision; (d) fears and anxieties; or related to lockdown/isolation: (e) psychological and social impact; (f) keeping safe under lockdown; (g) provisions and dependence; and (h) employment and income.ConclusionsThis is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, to report experiences of parents of a child with cancer during the SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 pandemic. The majority of parents were worried about SARS‐CoV‐2 and transmitting the virus to their child. Hospital was no longer perceived to be a safe place, and parents were worried about suboptimal cancer care. Parents described fear and anxiety and the psychological, social and economic impact of isolation.
Communication and swallowing outcomes of children diagnosed with childhood brain tumor or leukemia: A systematic review
Authors: Hodges Rosemary , Campbell Lani , Chami Sara , Knijnik Stefani Ribeiro , Docking Kimberley 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this systematic review was to appraise and synthesize evidence on communication and swallowing outcomes associated with childhood brain tumor or leukemia (CBTL). A comprehensive database and grey literature search was conducted. Studies included: (a) peer‐reviewed research published between 1998 and 2019, (b) English language, (c) children aged 0‐16 years diagnosed with CBTL, and (d) used outcome measures focused on communication and/or swallowing. Quality assessment was completed and certainty of evidence rated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Fifty‐seven studies met inclusion criteria: 46 examined communication, seven examined swallowing, and four considered both. Most studies were descriptive and prospective. Communication difficulties were frequently reported and apparent at one or more points from diagnosis to survivorship. Swallowing difficulties were frequently reported during oncology treatment. Despite quality assessment revealing methodological shortcomings, results have implications for clinical services and future research.
Malignant sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors in childhood: The Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP) experience
Authors: D'Angelo Paolo , De Pasquale Maria Debora , Barretta Francesco , Affinita Maria Carmen , Conte Massimo , Dall'Igna Patrizia , Di Cataldo Andrea , Inserra Alessandro , Provenzi Massimo , Quaglietta Lucia , Riccipetitoni Giovanna , Spreafico Filippo , Trizzino Angela , Terenziani Monica ,   for the AIEOP MGCT Working Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate clinical features at diagnosis, prognostic factors, and outcomes of malignant sacrococcygeal germ cell tumors (SC‐GCTs) in patients enrolled in the Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP) TCG 2004 protocol.Patients and MethodsA prospective analysis was conducted on all consecutive patients diagnosed with malignant SC‐GCTs between January 2004 and May 2017. Patients with stage I underwent surgery and subsequent surveillance, the others received pediatric cisplatinum‐etoposide‐bleomycin (pPEB) regimen and eventual deferred surgery.ResultsOf 45 patients, 35 were females. Age at diagnosis ranged from 1 day to 3.6 years (median 1.6 years); 26 were stage IV. Of 38 patients who underwent surgery, pathology revealed yolk sac tumor (YST) in 27 and teratoma + YST/embryonal carcinoma in 11, while seven patients were diagnosed based on imaging and elevated levels of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP). Of six patients approached with surgery, only one relapsed and was rescued with first‐line chemotherapy. Overall, 38 out of 45 achieved complete remission, three a partial remission, and four were resistant. Ten out of 41 patients who entered remission later relapsed and nine were rescued with a second‐line treatment. We observed a global failure percentage of 31% and a 5‐year overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) of 95% and 69%, respectively.ConclusionsChemotherapyis generally effective in malignant SC‐GCTs, even though almost one‐third of our patients experienced events salvageable with second‐line treatment. Most of the relapses occurred within 1 year from diagnosis. A close follow up with serial AFP level monitoring should be done for at least 2 years after diagnosis.
Inflammatory bowel disease patients provide reliable self‐reported medical information: A multicentre prospective pharmacovigilance monitoring system
Authors: Thomas Pepijn W. A. , West Rachel L. , Russel Maurice G. V. M. , Jansen Jeroen M. , Kosse Leanne J. , Jessurun Naomi T. , Römkens Tessa E. H. , Hoentjen Frank ,   IBDREAM registry
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess the agreement between patient‐reported and health care provider‐reported medical information in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsThis multicentre, prospective, event monitoring study enrolled adult Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients treated with a biological in four medical centers in the Netherlands. At two‐monthly intervals, patients completed questionnaires on biological use, combination therapy and indication. The patient‐reported information was compared with their electronic health records (EHRs) and analysed for percentage agreement and Cohen's kappa. A reference population from a prospective IBD registry was used to assess the representativeness of the study population.ResultsIn total, 182 patients (female 50.5%, mean age 42.2 years, CD 76.9%) were included in the analysis. At baseline, 51.0% of the patients were prescribed an immunomodulator (43.9% thiopurines, 7.1% methotrexate), and patients were prescribed biologicals as follows: 59.3% infliximab, 30.2% adalimumab, 9.3% vedolizumab, and 1.1% ustekinumab. Agreement on patient‐reported indication and biological use was almost perfect (κ = 0.878 and κ = 1.000, respectively); substantial for combination therapy (κ = 0.672). Gender, age, type of IBD, biological use and combination therapy were comparable with the reference population.ConclusionSystematic patient‐reporting by questionnaires was reliable in retrieving indication and treatment specific information from IBD patients. These results indicate that the use of patient‐reporting outcomes in daily IBD practice can ensure reliable information collection.
A real‐time clamping force measurement eigenvalue for prediction, adjustment, and control of injection product quality
Authors: Su Wei‐Jie , Peng Hsin‐Shu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClamping force is a crucial parameter in injection molding. Improper clamping force setting can result in poor product quality and shorter machine lifespan. The objective of this study was to establish an eigenvalue‐injection clamping force peak value by real‐time clamping force measurement with strain gage sensor for prediction, adjustment, and control of injection product quality. In this study, computer‐aided engineering (CAE) structural analysis technique was used to analyze and verify the points of measurement of the sensor. Next, the molded product was conducted using the following injection molding parameters: V/P switchover point, clamping force, injection speed, melt temperature, mold temperature, packing pressure, and packing time. The relationship between injection clamping force peak value and product quality were examined. The results showed that CAE analysis could successfully predict and provide suitable points for sensor measurement. Comparison of analysis and experiment results revealed that injection clamping force peak value and part weight exhibited identical trends. Finally, the injection clamping force peak value not only could it successfully predict product quality, but also it would achieve the purpose of optimizing and stabilizing the clamping force and part weight.
Effect of processing parameters on flexural properties of 3D‐printed polyetherketoneketone using fused deposition modeling
Authors: Xu Chen , Cheng Kangjie , Liu Yunfeng , Wang Russell , Jiang Xianfeng , Dong Xingtao , Xu Xu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is an engineering plastic with ultrahigh mechanical performance and has attracted considerable attention in the medical and technical fields. Printing parameters during fused deposition modeling (FDM) for PEKK have a significant impact on final part quality. In this study, a relationship between the process parameters and flexural properties of PEKK was investigated by conducting three‐point bending tests, and scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze the microstructure of fracture surfaces. Nozzle temperature, layer thickness, and infill density affected flexural properties by changing the porosity and interlayer bonding strength. Interlayer separation is the main failure mode of the upright orientation samples, while intralayer failure is likely to occur in the on‐edge orientation samples. The flexural properties of FDM‐printed PEKK under optimum parameters are comparable to those of mandibular bones, indicating that PEKK is a potential candidate for repairing mandibular defects. The results highlighted in this study are fundamental to the optimal design of complex ultralight, highly efficient structures.