bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of heat on the dispersal performance of Ips typographus
Authors: Hinze Jonas , John Reinhold 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnder present climate conditions, Ips typographus (L.) is Europe's most critical disturbance agent for mature Norway spruce (Picea abies). With ongoing climate change, the bark beetle will most probably become more prominent as a pest. The aim of this study was to analyse the dispersal performance of I. typographus under various weather conditions, especially hot days with a maximum air temperature above 30°C. In a field study, marked bark beetles were released from breeding logs and could be retraced in traps distributed across the survey area. With daily collections of the trapped beetles, it was possible to analyse the flight activity and the average flight distance of the bark beetles during hot, moderate and cool days. The numbers of daily catches and the average flight distance during the hottest days (air temperature maximum ≥30°C) did not significantly differ from the moderate days (air temperature maximum ≥22°C and <30°C). The numbers of daily catches and the average flight distance during the cool days (air temperature maximum <22°C) were significantly lower than during hot and moderate days. The results give an insight on the dispersal capacity of I. typographus under climate change driven future conditions. Increased air temperatures do not seem to impair the flight performance of I. typographus. A small proportion of cool days during the swarming period even seems to favour dispersal of I. typographus.
Overview of listeriosis in the Southern African Hemisphere—Review
Authors: Kayode Adeoye J. , Igbinosa Etinosa O. , Okoh Anthony I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractListeriosis is rarely reported in the Southern African Hemispheres in spite of the increasing rate ofListeriain several foodborne outbreaks reported in advanced countries. This paper reviews the emerging trends in the spread, distribution, and epidemiology ofListeriaspecies in foods, water, human, animals, and different environments in Southern Africa based on the appraisal of scholarly articles. In this regard, information obtained from literatures from various online databases revealed thatListeriaspecies are commonly recovered from food, water, and human samples. Fewer articles provided information onListeriarecovered from animals (ruminants) and soil samples. Generally, reports of studies were more focused onListeria monocytogenesamong otherListeriaspecies. To this end, reports obtained from literature on the method of identification ofListeriawere mostly based on serological, classical biochemical methods and the principle of aesculin hydrolysis, usually characterized by black coloration on selective media forListeria. These methods may not be reliable, as they could sometimes give a false positive report. Therefore, molecular methods are more reliable, accurate, could show the genetic relationship between isolates, and at the same time capable of enabling tracking the source of this pathogen should be embraced as a better substitute for the identification ofListeriain Southern African sub‐region.
Association of Reproductive History With Motor Function and Disability in Aging Women
Authors: Canonico Marianne , Artaud Fanny , Tzourio Christophe , Elbaz Alexis 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe associations of reproductive history and motor function are controversial.DESIGNProspective cohort study with 10 years of follow‐up.SETTINGThree French cities between 1999 and 2011.PARTICIPANTSA total of 3043 community‐dwelling women from the Three‐City Dijon study population.MEASUREMENTSWe examined the cross‐sectional and longitudinal association of age at menopause, artificial menopause, and parity with walking speed (WS) using linear regression and linear mixed models, respectively. Cox proportional models were used to examine the association of characteristics of reproductive life with disability.RESULTSMean baseline WS was 143.8 cm/s. Artificial menopause was associated with slower WS at baseline (β = −3.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −5.83 to −0.74; P = .01). Reproductive life characteristics had no effect on change in WS. Increasing age at menopause was associated with reduced disability risk (hazard ratio [HR] for 5‐year increase = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.87‐0.99; P = .02), while parity increased disability risk (HR for ≥3 vs 0 children = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.22‐1.93; P < .01).CONCLUSIONThese findings show that early age at menopause and higher parity have a deleterious effect on motor function that persists in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:585–594, 2020
Integration of Different Sensory Interventions From Mother’s Breast Milk for Preterm Infant Pain During Peripheral Venipuncture Procedures: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Hsiang‐Ping , Yin Ti , Hsieh Kao‐Hsian , Lan Hsiang‐Yun , Feng Rung‐Chuang , Chang Yue‐Cune , Liaw Jen‐Jiuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the effects of integrating mother’s breast milk (BM) with three different combinations of sensory stimuli on preterm infant pain during peripheral venipuncture procedures.DesignA prospective, repeated‐measures randomized controlled trial.MethodsPreterm infants (gestational age between 28 and 37 weeks, and in stable condition) needing venipuncture were recruited by convenience sampling (N = 140) and randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: (a) routine care (condition 1); (b) BM odor or taste (condition 2); (c) BM odor or taste + heartbeat sounds (HBs; condition 3), and (d) BM odor or taste + HBs + non‐nutritive sucking (NNS; condition 4). Pain scores were assessed based on the Premature Infant Pain Profile‐Revised (PIPP‐R) over nine phases: baseline (phase 0, 5 min without stimuli before venipuncture), disinfecting (phase 1), during venipuncture (phase 2), and a 10‐min recovery (phases 3–8).FindingsInfants who received BM odor or taste + HBs + NNS had significantly lower increases in pain scores from baseline compared with controls across phases 1 through 8. Infants treated with either condition 2 or 3 demonstrated significant reductions in mild pain during disinfecting and recovery phases, as compared with the controls. When condition 2 was used as the reference, there were no significant differences in pain scores between the infants receiving condition 3 across the nine phases, suggesting mothers’ HBs have only mild analgesic effects on venipuncture pain.ConclusionsIntegration of mother’s BM odor or taste, HBs, and tactile NNS should be considered as an intervention for alleviation of procedural pain for preterm infants.Clinical RelevanceClinicians should incorporate the integrated sensory intervention into caregiving support for preterm infants undergoing short painful procedures.
Factors associated with physiological postoperative pyrexia
Authors: Fukuda Taeko , Nishida Masato 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimPostoperative pyrexia is generally a physiological response to surgery. It is a common problem and burden for both patients and surgeons. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and duration of physiological postoperative pyrexia and to retrospectively identify the prognostic factors associated with it.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 462 patients who underwent surgery for adenomyosis under general anesthesia. Postoperative pyrexia was defined as an axillary temperature of at least 38°C occurring for at least 4 h after the surgery up to the next morning. Long‐duration pyrexia was defined as a fever recovery period of >3 days.ResultsOf the 367 patients included in this study, 234 (64%) developed postoperative pyrexia and 260 (71%) needed >3 days to recover the normal temperature (<37°C). Multivariate analyses revealed that the administration of an amino acid‐enriched solution and non‐administration of flurbiprofen were associated with postoperative pyrexia. Scale of surgery (bleeding volume + weight of removed adenomyosis and other tissue), body mass index, and decreased body temperature during surgery were not associated with postoperative pyrexia. Long‐duration pyrexia was associated with the scale of surgery but not with the administration of an amino acid‐enriched solution and flurbiprofen.ConclusionMore than half of the patients developed postoperative pyrexia. Postoperative pyrexia was related to the administration of an amino acid‐enriched solution and flurbiprofen. Long‐duration pyrexia was associated with the scale of surgery.
Validation of the AASLD recommendations for classification of oesophageal varices in clinical practice
Authors: Fateen Waleed , Ragunath Krish , White Jonathan , Khanna Amardeep , Coletta Marina , Samuel Sunil , Ortiz Jacobo , James Martin , Wilkes Emilie , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Guha Indra N. , Sami Sarmed S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsThe American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends the use of a 2‐grade classification system (small and large) to describe the size of oesophageal varices (OV). Data on observer agreement (OA) on this system are currently lacking. We aimed to evaluate this classification and compare it to the widely used 3‐grade classification (grade 1 ‘small’, grade 2 ‘medium’, grade 3 ‘large’) among operators of variable experience.MethodsHigh‐definition video recordings of 100 patients with cirrhosis were prospectively collected using standardised criteria. Nine observers of variable experience performed independent evaluations of the videos in random order. OV were scored using both systems. All assessments were repeated a year later by the same observers to assess intra‐observer agreement.ResultsInterobserver agreement (all observers) using the 2‐grade and the 3‐grade system was k = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.64‐0.78) and k = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.66‐0.79) respectively. When using the 2‐grade system, intra‐observer agreement between hepatologists (n = 3), luminal gastroenterologists (n = 3) and trainee gastroenterologists (n = 3) was k = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.86‐0.91), k = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.67‐0.77), and k = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67‐0.8) respectively. With the 3‐grade system; intra‐observer agreement between the same three subgroups were k = 0.9 (95% CI: 0.87‐0.92), k = 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68‐0.78), k = 0.77 (95% CI: 0.71‐0.82) respectively.ConclusionsThere was no difference in OA between the 2‐grade and 3‐grade classification systems. Hepatologists had significantly higher levels of consistency in grading OV. This may have implications to create alternative training models for residents and fellows in the recognition and grading of OV.
Ubiquitylomes Analysis of the Whole blood in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Patients and healthy Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Yang Yi‐ran , Li Chun‐wen , Wang Jun‐hua , Huang Xiao‐sheng , Yuan Yi‐feng , Hu Jiong , Liu Kang , Liang Bo‐cheng , Liu Zhong , Shi Xiao‐lin 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the mechanisms of ubiquitination in postmenopausal osteoporosis and investigate the ubiquitinated spectrum of novel targets between healthy postmenopausal women and postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, we performed ubiquitylome analysis of the whole blood of postmenopausal women and postmenopausal osteoporosis patients.MethodsTo obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the postmenopausal osteoporosis mechanism, we performed a quantitative assessment of the ubiquitylome in whole blood from seven healthy postmenopausal women and seven postmenopausal osteoporosis patients using high‐performance liquid chromatography fractionation, affinity enrichment, and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). To examine the ubiquitylome data, we performed enrichment analysis using an ubiquitylated amino acid motif, Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway.ResultsAltogether, 133 ubiquitinated sites and 102 proteins were quantified. A difference of more than 1.2 times is considered significant upregulation and less than 0.83 significant downregulation; 32 ubiquitinated sites on 25 proteins were upregulated and 101 ubiquitinated sites on 77 proteins were downregulated. These quantified proteins, both with differently ubiquitinated sites, participated in various cellular processes, such as cellular processes, biological regulation processes, response to stimulus processes, single‐organism and metabolic processes. Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity and ubiquitin‐like protein conjugating enzyme activity were the most highly enriched in molecular function of upregulated sites with corresponding proteins, but they were not enriched in downregulated in sites with corresponding proteins. The KEGG pathways analysis of quantified proteins with differentiated ubiquitinated sites found 13 kinds of molecular interactions and functional pathways, such as glyoxylate and decarboxylate metabolism, dopaminergic synapse, ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis, salivary secretion, coagulation and complement cascades, Parkinson's disease, and hippo signaling pathway. In addition, hsa04120 ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis was the most highly enriched in proteins with upregulated sites, hsa04610 complement and coagulation cascades was the most highly enriched in proteins with downregulated ubiquitinated sites, and hsa04114 Oocyte meiosis was the most highly enriched among all differential proteins.ConclusionOur study expands the understanding of the spectrum of novel targets that are differentially ubiquitinated in whole blood from healthy postmenopausal women and postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. The findings will contribute toward our understanding of the underlying proteostasis pathways in postmenopausal osteoporosis and the potential identification of diagnostic biomarkers in whole blood.
Comparison of 10‐year Outcomes of Bryan Cervical Disc Arthroplasty for Myelopathy and Radiculopathy
Authors: Han Xiao , He Da , Zhang Ning , Song Qingpeng , Wang Jinchao , Tian Wei 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term efficacy of Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty in the treatment of myelopathy patients compared with radiculopathy patients.MethodsThis study is a prospective study. Sixty‐six patients (38 patients in myelopathy group and 28 patients in radiculopathy group) who were treated with Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty between 2004 and 2007 and followed for 10 years were included in this study. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, neck disability index (NDI), and Odom's criteria were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes. X‐ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to evaluate the radiographic outcomes including the global range of motion (ROM), segmental ROM, and segment alignment before the surgery and at last follow‐up. The incidence of segmental kyphosis, segmental mobility lost, and the grade of paravertebral ossification (PO) were also evaluated at last follow‐up.ResultsThe JOA score and NDI improved in both groups. Thirty‐three of 38 patients in myelopathy group and all patients in radiculopathy group reported good or excellent outcomes according to Odom's criteria. The segmental ROM was (9.5° ± 4.4°) before surgery and maintained at (9.0° ± 5.5°) at last follow‐up in myelopathy group. The segmental ROM was (9.5° ± 4.6°) and (9.0° ± 5.3°) before surgery and at last follow‐up in radiculopathy group, respectively. The Bryan prosthesis remained mobile at last follow‐up for 30 patients (78.9%) in the myelopathy group and 22 patients (78.6%) in the radiculopathy group. Of the patients in the myelopathy group, 21.1% developed segmental kyphosis, as did 21.4% of patients in the radiculopathy group. The incidence of PO and high‐grade PO was 92.1 and 28.9% in the myelopathy group, and was 92.9 and 32.1% in the radiculopathy group. There was no significant difference between both groups.ConclusionsBryan cervical disc arthroplasty was an effective and safe technique in treating patients with myelopathy. The clinical and radiographic outcomes in the myelopathy group were similar to those in the radiculopathy group at the 10‐year follow‐up.
Isotretinoin‐induced sacroiliitis: Case series of four patients and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Karadağ Şerife Gül , Sönmez Hafize Emine , Tanatar Ayşe , Çakan Mustafa , Aktay Ayaz Nuray 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIsotretinoin is the mainstay treatment in severe acne; however, its musculoskeletal adverse effects such as lower‐back pain can be disabling. Herein, we present four cases of isotretinoin‐induced sacroiliitis with variable severity. We also present a review of the literature of isotretinoin‐induced sacroiliitis. All our cases were male and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B27 negative. Sacroiliitis was detected a median of 55 (10‐120) days after isotretinoin initiation. Two patients were responsive to baseline sulfasalazine and indomethacin treatment, while the other two patients required more intensive treatments: adalimumab in one and methotrexate in the other. We also identified 15 articles describing 33 patients (17 of whom were female) with isotretinoin‐induced sacroiliitis. Most of them were responsive to low‐to‐medium doses of systemic steroids or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Our patients illustrate that severity of isotretinoin‐induced sacroiliitis varies from patient to patient.
Dispersal mode constrains allocation of carbon and mineral nutrients in seeds of forest and savanna trees
Authors: de Melo R. B. , Ferreira C. S. , Lopes A. , Vinson C. C. , Franco A. C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Species vary in seed size and content of stored reserves, which can be related to dispersal strategies and type of habitat in which they are found. We compare seed carbon and nutrient reserves of anemochorous and zoochorous trees from the Cerrado of central Brazil.

We measured seed dry mass, lipids, non‐structural carbohydrates (starch and total soluble sugars), carbon and mineral nutrients in ten forest and 13 savanna species, each classified as having wind‐ or animal‐dispersed seeds. We used phylogenetically independent contrasts to test for correlations among these traits.

Seeds of anemochorous species were lighter, with higher concentrations of C, N, P, Ca and Mg. Lipids were the dominant carbon reserve for most anemochorous species, underpinning the importance of allocation to compact carbon reserves. Starch, lipids or soluble sugars were the major carbon reserve in zoochorous seeds. Savanna and forest species did not differ in seed mass or in total carbon reserves. However, seeds of forest species had higher concentrations of starch than seeds of savanna species. Lipid and starch negatively correlated across species, suggesting a trade‐off between starch and lipids as major seed carbon reserves. Calcium was positively correlated with Mn and B, while Mg was positively correlated with C, N, P, K, S, Zn and B. Potassium, S and Cl were positively correlated, while P was positively correlated with Mg and Zn.

Dispersal mode rather than vegetation type constrained seed mass and seed storage allocation patterns in forest and savanna trees. We provide evidence that similar mechanisms are involved in seed storage of carbon and mineral nutrients across species.
Breed performance in organic dairy farming in Northern Spain
Authors: Rodríguez‐Bermúdez Ruth , Miranda Marta , Fouz Ramiro , Orjales Inmaculada , Diéguez Francisco Javier , Minervino Antonio Humberto Hamad , López‐Alonso Marta 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganic farm management combines best environmental practices, a high level of biodiversity, preservation of natural resources and high animal welfare standards. To meet these criteria, farmers must have livestock well adapted to local organic conditions and information about how different breeds and crosses perform under different conditions. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of different pure breeds and cross‐breeds of cattle in organic dairy systems in Northern Spain. The data analysed were obtained from monthly records kept between 2010 and 2016 on organic farms registered in the regional milk recording system. Analysis of various traits indicated that the Holstein‐Friesian breed suits the organic production system in the study region. Although the reproductive performance of Holstein‐Friesian cows was poorer (in terms of number of services per conception) than that of cross‐breed and Brown Swiss cows, the Holstein‐Friesian produced more milk and lived longer. In addition, there was no difference in calving type or calving ease between the different breed groups. The better milk fat and protein yields produced by the crosses may be useful traits for farmers interested in milk transformation. The advantage of continuing to use Holstein‐Friesian cattle is that the breed is predominant worldwide, and the genealogy is well documented. If Holstein‐Friesian cattle continue to be used, the main priority will be to search for well‐adapted bulls (particularly for pasture‐based conditions) and to elaborate a genetic merit index for organic and pasture‐based systems with the aim of predicting and minimizing genotype × environment interactions.
Can Genetics Reveal the Causes and Consequences of Educational Attainment?
Authors: Munafò Marcus , Davies Neil M. , Davey Smith George 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThere is an extensive literature on the causes of educational inequalities, and the life course consequences of educational attainment. Mendelian randomization, where genetic variants associated with exposures of interest are used as proxies for those exposures, often within an instrumental variables framework, has proven highly effective at elucidating the causal effects of several risk factors in the biomedical sciences. We discuss the potential for this approach to be used in the context of social and socio-economic exposures and outcomes, such as educational attainment.
Mundane Populism: Politics, Practices and Discourses of Roma Oppression in Rural Slovakia
Authors: Škobla Daniel , Filčák Richard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this article, we explore populist politics, discourses and social practices regarding the ethnic Roma in the rural regions of eastern Slovakia. Our approach was guided by a theoretical discussion of right‐wing populism and social inequalities. Methodologically, we relied on Bourdieu's conceptual apparatus as a useful scholastic device to translate very practical data from interviews and observations into structured analytical information. The article is based on field research, in which we explored waste management practices in the municipality of Laborov. We came to the conclusion that essential components of right‐wing populism in Laborov rest on what we characterised as ongoing racialised stigmatisation, reconfiguring previously racially uncategorised issues into ethnic problems and thus, reinforcing the stigmatisation and oppression of the disempowered Roma minority groups.
Advancing the Frontiers in Ethnic Entrepreneurship Studies
Authors: Rath Jan , Schutjens Veronique 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe proliferation of ethnic entrepreneurship varies not only from country to country, but also from sector to sector, from city to city, and – within cities – from neighbourhood to neighbourhood. In evaluating the interrelationship of ethnic entrepreneurship and urban governance, we discuss three specific points: ethnic variety and varieties; spatial levels in opportunities and constraints; and urban governance and institutions. In analysing the literature and positioning the four special issue articles in a spatiality‐governance framework, we identify ‘roads less travelled’. Finally, we suggest scholars to move forward along five distinct pathways.