bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTN−PTPRZ signalling is involved in deer antler stem cell regulation during tissue regeneration
Authors: Dong Zhen , Li Chunyi , Coates Dawn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA growing deer antler contains a stem cell niche that can drive endochondral bone regeneration at up to 2 cm/day. Pleiotrophin (PTN), as a multifunctional growth factor, is found highly expressed at the messenger RNA level within the active antler stem cell tissues. This study aims to map the expression patterns of PTN protein and its receptors in a growing antler and investigate the effects of PTN on antler stem cells in vitro. Immunohistochemistry was employed to localise PTN/midkine (MDK) and their functional receptors, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), NOTCH2, and integrin αVβ3, on serial slides of the antler growth centre. PTN was found to be the dominantly expressed growth factor in the PTN/MDK family. High expression of PTPRZ and ALK co‐localised with PTN was found suggesting a potential interaction. The high levels of PTN and PTPRZ reflected the antler stem cell activation status during the regenerative process. When antler stem cells were cultured in vitro under the normoxic condition, no PTN protein was detected and exogenous PTN did not induce differentiation or proliferation but rather stem cell maintenance. Collectively, the antler stem cell niche appears to upregulate PTN and PTPRZ in vivo, and PTN−PTPRZ signalling may be involved in regulating antler stem cell behaviour during rapid antler regeneration.
Digestive symptoms and liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Wan Jian , Wang Xuan , Su Song , Zhang Yujie , Jin Yirong , Shi Yanting , Wu Kaichun , Liang Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough most COVID‐19 patients typically present with respiratory symptoms, many patients could experience digestive symptoms as the major complaint. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to investigate the exact prevalence of digestive symptoms and liver injury in COVID‐19 patients and compare the difference between patients with and without digestive symptoms. PubMed, Embase, Ovid, Wanfang data, and CNKI were searched until 24 April 2020 to identify studies that reported digestive symptoms and liver injury in COVID‐19 patients. A random‐effect model was used to combine the data. Finally, 64 studies with 15 141 patients were included. The pooled rate of digestive symptoms and liver dysfunction was 31.8% (95 CI 21.0–42.5%, I2 = 97.6%) and 27.4% (95 CI 16.9–37.9%, I2 = 97.9%), respectively. Patients with digestive symptoms were more likely to present with fatigue (OR 2.28, 95 CI 1.66–3.14, P < 0.00001, I2 = 31%), myalgia (OR 1.96, 95 CI 1.06–3.65, P = 0.03, I2 = 69%), and acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) (OR 2.94, 95 CI 1.17–7.40, P = 0.02, I2 = 0) and had a trend to present as severe/critical type (OR 1.87, 95 CI 0.98–3.57, P = 0.06, I2 = 58%). Severe/critical patients were more likely to present with diarrhea (OR 2.02, 95 CI 1.16–3.50, P = 0.01, I2 = 64) and have high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 2.08, 95 CI 1.55–2.81, P < 0.00001, I2 = 13%,) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (OR 3.53, 95 CI 2.76–4.51, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0). The pooled rate of patients with digestive symptoms was 28.7% (95 CI 17.6–39.8%) and 42.8% (95 CI 23.4–62.3%) in studies from China and out of China, respectively. COVID‐19 patients had a high rate of digestive symptoms and liver injury. Patients with digestive symptoms had a trend to develop severe/critical illness.
Changes in Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) during Cardiac Cycle of the Brain in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Before and After Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage
Authors: Osawa Tomoshi , Ohno Naoki , Mase Mitsuhito , Miyati Tosiaki , Omasa Ryoko , Ishida Shota , Kan Hirohito , Arai Nobuyuki , Kasai Harumasa , Shibamoto Yuta , Kobayashi Satoshi , Gabata Toshifumi 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe causative mechanisms of idiopathic normal‐pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) symptoms are currently unknown.PurposeTo assess the dynamic changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) during the cardiac cycle (ΔADC) of the brain before and after the lumbar tap and shunt surgery for the purpose of determining changes in hydrodynamic and biomechanical properties in the brain after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage for iNPH.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsOverall, 22 patients suspected to have iNPH were examined before and after the lumbar tap and were divided into patients who showed symptomatic improvements (positive group, n = 17) and those without improvement (negative group, n = 5) after the lumbar tap. Seven patients in the positive group were examined after the shunt surgery.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T, electrocardiographically synchronized single‐shot diffusion echo‐planar imaging.AssessmentThe frontal white matter ΔADC and mean ADC (ADCmean) were compared between before and 24 hours after lumbar tap and from 1 week to 1 month after the shunt surgery.Statistical TestsWilcoxon signed‐rank test was used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe ΔADC after the lumbar tap in the positive group was significantly lower than that before (P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found in the negative group (P = 0.23). After the lumbar tap, ΔADC decreased in 16 of 17 patients in the positive group, whereas ADCmean did not significantly change (P = 0.96). After the shunt surgery, ΔADC decreased in all seven patients (P < 0.05), whereas ADCmean did not significantly change (P = 0.87).Data ConclusionThe frontal white matter ΔADC in iNPH decreased after the lumbar tap and shunt surgery. ΔADC analysis may provide detailed information regarding changes in the hydrodynamic and biomechanical properties through CSF drainage.Level of Evidence4.Technical Efficacy Stage4.
Ozone as adjuvant support in the treatment of COVID‐19: A preliminary report of probiozovid trial
Authors: Araimo Fabio , Imperiale Carmela , Tordiglione Paolo , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Borrazzo Cristian , Alessandri Francesco , Santinelli Letizia , Innocenti Giuseppe Pietro , Pinacchio Claudia , Mauro Vera , Recchia Gregorio Egidio , Zancla Serena , Calò Andrea , Poscia Roberto , Ruberto Franco , d'Ettorre Gabriella , Bilotta Federico , Mastroianni Claudio , Pugliese Francesco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe evaluation of new therapeutic resources against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) represents a priority in clinical research considering the minimal options currently available. To evaluate the adjuvant use of systemic oxygen‐ozone administration in the early control of disease progression in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia. PROBIOZOVID is an ongoing, interventional, randomized, prospective, and double‐arm trial enrolling patient with COVID‐19 pneumonia. From a total of 85 patients screened, 28 were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into ozone‐autohemotherapy group (14) and control group (14). The procedure consisted in a daily double‐treatment with systemic Oxygen–ozone administration for 7 days. All patients were treated with ad interim best available therapy. The primary outcome was delta in the number of patients requiring orotracheal‐intubation despite treatment. Secondary outcome was the difference of mortality between the two groups. Moreover, hematological parameters were compared before and after treatment. No differences in the characteristics between groups were observed at baseline. As a preliminary report we have observed that one patient for each group needed intubation and was transferred to ITU. No deaths were observed at 7–14 days of follow up. Thirty‐day mortality was 8.3% for ozone group and 10% for controls. Ozone therapy did not significantly influence inflammation markers, hematology profile, and lymphocyte subpopulations of patients treated. Ozone therapy had an impact on the need for the ventilatory support, although did not reach statistical significance. Finally, no adverse events related to the use of ozone‐autohemotherapy were reported. Preliminary results, although not showing statistically significant benefits of ozone on COVID‐19, did not report any toxicity.
Olfaction: Sensitive indicator of inflammatory burden in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yan Xiaoguang , Whitcroft Katherine Lisa , Hummel Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveOlfactory dysfunction has a high prevalence in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and significantly affects quality of life. CRS is recognized as a complex disorder encompassing heterogeneous inflammatory processes in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients is associated with the level of inflammatory mediators and the efficiency of inflammatory control. Learning about the association between CRS‐related inflammation and olfactory function will provide clues to the pathogenesis of CRS.StructureThe first section of this review describes the assessment of olfactory function using various measures, from ratings to MR based imaging. Then, we discuss the conductive and inflammatory mechanisms related to olfactory dysfunction in CRS: olfaction is associated with certain inflammatory patterns and is potentially a marker of CRS subtype. Finally, we review anti‐inflammatory therapies including conservative and surgical approaches, and their effectiveness in olfactory dysfunction in CRS.ConclusionAssessment of olfactory function should be considered in the clinical evaluation of CRS patients, not only for detecting and quantifying patients' symptom, but also because it appears to be useful to objectively assess the efficacy of CRS treatment over time. In addition, olfaction can be expected to expand the library of CRS phenotypes and endotypes and, hence, pave the way for more precise, tailored treatment options.
A Facile Approach toward Thermoplastic Triple‐Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Zhang Zhenlei , Du Jiang , Shan Wanwen , Ren Tianbin , Lu Zheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, a ternary blend of polyolefin elastomer (POE), lauric acid (LA), and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with triple‐shape memory effect (triple‐SME) is reported. LA and PCL exhibit distinct thermal transitions and construct two reversible switching networks capable of fixing and releasing different temporary shapes under a mild condition. The ternary blend shows excellent triple‐shape memory properties and good toughness. Besides, the permanent shape can be reconfigured by a simple thermal treatment. These particular features make the novel blend a competitive candidate for diverse applications. And the creative combination of crystalline small molecule and semicrystalline polymer expands the freedom for producing triple‐shape memory polymers (triple‐SMPs).
Multiple plasmid origin‐of‐transfer regions might aid the spread of antimicrobial resistance to human pathogens
Authors: Zrimec Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance poses a great danger to humanity, in part due to the widespread horizontal gene transfer of plasmids via conjugation. Modeling of plasmid transfer is essential to uncovering the fundamentals of resistance transfer and for the development of predictive measures to limit the spread of resistance. However, a major limitation in the current understanding of plasmids is the incomplete characterization of the conjugative DNA transfer mechanisms, which conceals the actual potential for plasmid transfer in nature. Here, we consider that the plasmid‐borne origin‐of‐transfer substrates encode specific DNA structural properties that can facilitate finding these regions in large datasets and develop a DNA structure‐based alignment procedure for typing the transfer substrates that outperforms sequence‐based approaches. Thousands of putative DNA transfer substrates are identified, showing that plasmid mobility can be twofold higher and span almost twofold more host species than is currently known. Over half of all putative mobile plasmids contain the means for mobilization by conjugation systems belonging to different mobility groups, which can hypothetically link previously confined host ranges across ecological habitats into a robust plasmid transfer network. This hypothetical network is found to facilitate the transfer of antimicrobial resistance from environmental genetic reservoirs to human pathogens, which might be an important driver of the observed rapid resistance development in humans and thus an important point of focus for future prevention measures.
Genome‐Wide Association Studies of Cognitive and Motor Progression in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Tan Manuela M.X. , Lawton Michael A. , Jabbari Edwin , Reynolds Regina H. , Iwaki Hirotaka , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Kanavou Sofia , Pollard Miriam I. , Hubbard Leon , Malek Naveed , Grosset Katherine A. , Marrinan Sarah L. , Bajaj Nin , Barker Roger A. , Burn David J. , Bresner Catherine , Foltynie Thomas , Wood Nicholas W. , Williams‐Gray Caroline H. , Hardy John , Nalls Michael A. , Singleton Andrew B. , Williams Nigel M. , Ben‐Shlomo Yoav , Hu Michele T.M. , Grosset Donald G. , Shoai Maryam , Morris Huw R. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are currently no treatments that stop or slow the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Case–control genome‐wide association studies have identified variants associated with disease risk, but not progression. The objective of the current study was to identify genetic variants associated with PD progression.MethodsWe analyzed 3 large longitudinal cohorts: Tracking Parkinson's, Oxford Discovery, and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. We included clinical data for 3364 patients with 12,144 observations (mean follow‐up 4.2 years). We used a new method in PD, following a similar approach in Huntington's disease, in which we combined multiple assessments using a principal components analysis to derive scores for composite, motor, and cognitive progression. These scores were analyzed in linear regression in genome‐wide association studies. We also performed a targeted analysis of the 90 PD risk loci from the latest case–control meta‐analysis.ResultsThere was no overlap between variants associated with PD risk, from case–control studies, and PD age at onset versus PD progression. The APOE ε4 tagging variant, rs429358, was significantly associated with composite and cognitive progression in PD. Conditional analysis revealed several independent signals in the APOE locus for cognitive progression. No single variants were associated with motor progression. However, in gene‐based analysis, ATP8B2, a phospholipid transporter related to vesicle formation, was nominally associated with motor progression (P = 5.3 × 10−6).ConclusionsWe provide early evidence that this new method in PD improves measurement of symptom progression. We show that the APOE ε4 allele drives progressive cognitive impairment in PD. Replication of this method and results in independent cohorts are needed. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
An iterative method for solving fractional diffusion‐wave equation involving the Caputo–Weyl fractional derivative
Authors: Derakhshan Mohammadhossein , Aminataei Azim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a numerical scheme based on the iterative method for solving the fractional diffusion‐wave equation involving the Caputo–Weyl fractional derivative of order . The convergence of the approximate solutions of the fractional diffusion‐wave equation is rigourously established. Moreover, the approximate solutions of the fractional diffusion‐wave equation have been presented graphically.
Marriage‐Related Exchanges and the Agency of Women among the Langalanga, Solomon Islands
Authors: Guo Pei‐yi 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThis article examines the transformation of marriage‐related exchanges and the agency of women among the Langalanga people in the Solomon Islands. The Langalanga perspective is distinctive because they have been the main producers of shell money in the region, and the persistence of bridewealth is important for their economic and cultural lives. Looking into the three essential components: kwatena (bridewealth), duuna (micro exchange network among new affinal kins), and launia (bridal dress), I discuss the roles women play in the process of marriage‐related exchanges, with particular attention to the affective dimension. In recent years, it has become more popular to dress the bride in the expensive launia, and some Langalanga brides, who live in urban areas, have begun to take possession of the valuables, which contributes to their growing economic independence and autonomy. I argue that while marriage‐related exchanges sometimes constrain the autonomy of women in Melanesia, the Langalanga case provides an alternative view.
Auditing as a tool of government accountability? Exploring divergent causal mechanisms through three Honduran cases
Authors: Sabet Daniel M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAudits of government entities offer a potential tool to hold public officials to account and to improve the functioning of public administration; however, empirical studies of audit impacts show mixed results. This is largely due to the diversity of audit regimes with different goals and accountability mechanisms, which yield different causal chains. In this study, I compare three distinct audit regimes with distinct casual mechanisms in Honduras. I find that backward‐looking audits, which aim to hold officials accountable for past behavior or performance, require effective horizontal accountability mechanisms to investigate and prosecute cases. Forward‐looking audits, which aim to hold officials accountable for future behavior or performance, require independent accountability mechanisms, a systematic follow‐up methodology, public dissemination, and pressure from the media and civil society. Complementary initiatives that build on audit recommended reforms are found to strengthen these weaknesses in the causal mechanism linking audits to outcomes.
Ultrasound has limited diagnostic utility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developing pancreatitis
Authors: Richardson Rebecca , Morin Cara E. , Wheeler Charles A. , Guo Yian , Li Yimei , Jeha Sima , Inaba Hiroto , Pui Ching‐Hon , Karol Seth E. , McCarville M. Beth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeAcute pancreatitis (AP) due to chemotherapy‐induced pancreatic injury is a common side effect of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common childhood malignancy. The American College of Radiology recommends ultrasound (US) for initial imaging of AP in all populations to assess for ductal obstruction. However, US may be insensitive to diagnose and assess chemotherapy‐associated AP.Methods and MaterialsThe institutional review board approved this retrospective study. Patients with ALL and AP were identified from protocol databases, using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3. Chemotherapy dosing, amylase/lipase levels, clinical symptoms, and US/computed tomography (CT) reports within 10 days of diagnosis were recorded. All CT images were reviewed for revised Atlanta classification and CT severity index (CTSI).ResultsSixty‐nine patients, aged 2‐21 years, experienced 88 episodes of AP, undergoing 98 US and 44 CT. Seventy‐two events (82%) occurred within 30 days of asparaginase administration. Sixty‐nine episodes (78%) were initially diagnosed by the presence of abdominal pain and pancreatic enzyme elevation. Overall sensitivities for AP detection were 47% using US and 98% for CT. US sensitivity was greatest in CTCAE grade 4 (86%) and necrotizing pancreatitis (67%).ConclusionsMost cases of AP in children with ALL can be diagnosed with clinical history and labs. US has limited sensitivity in detecting pancreatitis in this population. Imaging to diagnose AP in this patient population could be limited to clinically equivocal cases.
Ambulatory microdose induction of buprenorphine‐naloxone in two adolescent patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Buchheit Bradley M. , Joslin Timothy , Turner Helen N. , Wong Trisha E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a hematologic disorder defined by presence of sickle‐shaped red blood cells that can occlude blood vessels and cause tissue ischemia and pain. Treating SCD pain adequately and safely is difficult given today's opioid climate. Buprenorphine‐naloxone has been described as an alternative option to treat chronic pain in the adult literature; however, it historically required discontinuation of full‐agonist opioids before initiation, resulting in opioid withdrawal. Herein we present two adolescents with SCD who successfully weaned off large doses of full‐agonist opioids by using microdose induction of buprenorphine‐naloxone in clinic, without experiencing significant opioid withdrawal. Ambulatory microdose induction may remove hurdles that otherwise would discourage patients from trying this regimen while still controlling pain safely.
Associations between different forms of peer victimization and school absences: The moderating role of teacher attachment and perceived school safety
Authors: Williford Anne , Fite Paula , Diaz Kathleen , Singh Mehar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGiven the significant negative impacts of peer victimization on youth development, studies have sought to understand what buffers against these consequences. To that end, the present study examined whether teacher attachment and perceptions of school safety moderated the associations between different forms of victimization and school absences over the course of an academic year among a sample of 272 high school students. Findings indicated that teacher attachment moderated the associations between relational and cyber victimization and absences, while perceived school safety moderated associations between relational victimization and absences. However, findings pertaining to cyber victimization were not as anticipated. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts in high schools are discussed.
A meta‐analysis of Tier 2 interventions implemented within School‐Wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports
Authors: Cho Blair Kwang‐Sun , Park Eun‐Young , Kim Won‐Ho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis meta‐analysis synthesized 26 published single‐case design (SCD) studies on Tier 2 behavior interventions implemented within the educational framework of school‐wide positive behavioral interventions and supports. We used Tau‐U indices to determine the overall magnitudes of effect of the Tier 2 behavior interventions and the potential variables that moderate improved student behavioral outcomes. The 26 studies that were analyzed included a total of 243 student participants. The studies were evaluated to determine whether and to what extent they met What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) SCD standards. Of these, 10 studies were confirmed as meeting WWC SCD standards with or without reservations. Notable findings were that outcomes for students in kindergarten and secondary grade levels were limited, and insufficient screening methods were used to identify and select students needing Tier 2 interventions. The results indicate that the literature reports Tier 2 interventions with effect sizes ranging from 0.26 to 0.98. Average effect size for social skills instruction was found to be large, whereas Check‐in/Check‐out, group contingency, and intervention packages had medium effect sizes. Moderator analyses indicated different effect sizes across intervention types, outcomes, and implementers. The results are discussed in relation to implications for practice, limitations, and future research.