bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional interaction of airway epithelial remodeling and inflammation in asthma
Authors: Banno Asoka , Reddy Aravind T. , Lakshmi Sowmya P. , Reddy Raju C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAsthma is a chronic disease of the airways that has long been viewed predominately as an inflammatory condition. Accordingly, current therapeutic interventions focus primarily on resolving inflammation. However, the mainstay of asthma therapy neither fully improves lung function nor prevents disease exacerbations, suggesting involvement of other factors. An emerging concept now holds that airway remodeling, another major pathological feature of asthma, is as important as inflammation in asthma pathogenesis. Structural changes associated with asthma include disrupted epithelial integrity, subepithelial fibrosis, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and enhanced vascularity. These alterations are hypothesized to contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway obstruction, airflow limitation, and progressive decline of lung function in asthmatic individuals. Consequently, targeting inflammation alone does not suffice to provide optimal clinical benefits. Here we review asthmatic airway remodeling, focusing on airway epithelium, which is critical to maintaining a healthy respiratory system, and is the primary defense against inhaled irritants. In asthma, airway epithelium is both a mediator and target of inflammation, manifesting remodeling and resulting obstruction among its downstream effects. We also highlight the potential benefits of therapeutically targeting airway structural alterations. Since pathological tissue remodeling is likewise observed in other injury- and inflammation-prone tissues and organs, our discussion may have implications beyond asthma and lung disease.
Green synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of silver nanoparticles mediated by leaf extract of Syzygium cumini against poultry pathogens
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad , Muhammad  , Rauf Abdur , Zafar Muhammad Naveed , Mabkhot Yahia N. , Maalik Aneela 
Published: May 2020

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of plant extract of Syzygium cumini and their silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against the poultry pathogens. The plant extract was prepared in methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n‐hexane. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the leaf extract of S. cumini have medicinally important phytochemical constituents. In the present study, AgNPs were synthesised by using an extract of S. cumini. Synthesised AgNPs were confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible, and scanning electron microscopy. A surface plasmon resonance peak in absorption spectra showed absorption at 419 nm. The synthesised nanoparticles were found spherical in shape with the diameter range of 30–120 nm. The antimicrobial activity of crude extract and AgNPs was checked against the poultry bacterial pathogens by the agar well diffusion method. The authors’ findings revealed that the crude extract and AgNPs have promising activities against all the test pathogens. It is concluded that the bioactive compounds from the extract of S. cumini and extract‐mediated AgNPs can be significantly used as an alternate poultry medicine to replace the available antibiotics, which have adverse side effects.
Early outcome after the use of the triceps fascia flap in interposition elbow arthroplasty: a novel method in the treatment of post-traumatic elbow stiffness
Authors: Iyidobi Emmanuel C. , Nwadinigwe Cajetan U. , Ekwunife Remigus T. , Anyaehie Udo E. , Omolade Lasebikan A. , Ede Osita , Okeke Valentine 
Published: May 2020

Background: Post-traumatic elbow stiffness (PTES) results in severe interference with the activities of daily living (ADL), affecting mainly young people. Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is relatively contraindicated in the young patient and arthrodesis is poorly tolerated. Interposition elbow arthroplasty (IEA) improves the range of motion (ROM) buying time for future reconstructive surgery. While the fascia lata remains the most common material used in IEA, the triceps fascia is a native vascularized tissue, and it does not require a separate incision to harvest. To our knowledge, there are no published studies on the use of this technique of IEA. Method: Sixteen patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness had IEA with the triceps fascia between January 2009 and January 2017. The ROM was assessed pre-operatively and post-operatively at the 6th and the 24th week. The researchers also evaluated the functional outcome with the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) at the 24th week. The data were analysed with the software IBM SPSS Version 20. Results: Nine males and seven females had IEA with the triceps fascia. The mean age of the subjects was 22.8 years (SD = 6.39). The median duration of the stiffness was eight months (range: 2–168 months). Fall was the most frequent cause of post-traumatic elbow stiffness, and the non-dominant side was more frequently involved. Fourteen patients had an intervention at the native bone setters before presentation to the hospital. The mean elbow ROM increased from 16.4° pre-operatively to 97.2° at the 24th week (p < 0.001), while the mean MEPS improved from 42.5° pre-operatively to 81.2° post-operatively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The triceps fascia flap provides an excellent alternative to the fascia lata for IEA without the complications of the donor site morbidity.
Radiographic parameters and a novel fluoroscopic control view for posterior screw fixation of coracoid base fractures
Authors: Said Hatem Galal , Fetih Tarek Nabil , Abd-Elzaher Hosam Elsayed , Lambert Simon Martin 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Coracoid fractures have the potential to lead to inadequate shoulder function. Most coracoid base fractures occur with scapular fractures and the posterior approaches would be utilized for surgical treatment. We investigated the possibility of fixing the coracoid through the same approach without an additional anterior approach. Materials and methods: Multi-slice CT scans of 30 shoulders were examined and the following measurements were performed by an independent specialized radiologist: posterior coracoid screw entry point measured form infraglenoid tubercle, screw trajectory in coronal plane in relation to scapular spine and lateral scapular border, screw trajectory in sagittal plane in relation to glenoid face bisector line and screw length. We used the results from the CT study to guide postero-anterior coracoid screw insertion under fluoroscopic guidance on two fresh frozen cadaveric specimens to assess the reproducibility of accurate screw placement based on these parameters. We also developed a novel fluoroscopic projection, the anteroposterior (AP) coracoid view, to guide screw placement in the para-coronal plane. Results: The mean distance between entry point and the infraglenoid tubercle was 10.8 mm (range: 9.2–13.9, SD 1.36). The mean screw length was 52 mm (range: 46.7–58.5, SD 3.3). The mean sagittal inclination angle between was 44.7 degrees (range: 25–59, SD 5.8). The mean angle between screw line and lateral scapular border was 47.9 degrees (range: 34–58, SD 4.3). The mean angle between screw line and scapular spine was 86.2 degrees (range: 75–95, SD 4.9). It was easy to reproduce the screw trajectory in the para-coronal plane; however, multiple attempts were needed to reach the correct angle in the parasagittal plane, requiring several C-arm corrections. Conclusion: This study facilitates posterior fixation of coracoid process fractures and will inform the “virtual visualization” of coracoid process orientation.
Zeitarbeit in der OP-Pflege – Motive, Auswirkungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Fichtner Liesa , Honekamp Ivonne 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Der Anteil der Zeitarbeitskräfte in Krankenhäusern wächst, so auch in den OPs, in welchen die Kernerlöse erzielt werden. In diesem Beitrag soll untersucht werden, warum OP-Pflegekräfte in die Zeitarbeit wechseln, ob sich ihre Erwartungen an die Zeitarbeit erfüllt haben und welche Bedingungen vorliegen müssten, um zurück in eine Festanstellung zu wechseln.
Methodik Es wurde eine standardisierte online Befragung durchgeführt. Teilgenommen haben OP-Pflegekräfte einer Zeitarbeitsfirma an den Einsatzorten Hamburg, Bremen, Berlin, Lübeck und Hannover.
Ergebnis Es zeigt sich, dass der Wechsel in die Zeitarbeit bei einem Großteil der Befragungsteilnehmer dazu geführt hat, dass sich private Verpflichtungen und der Beruf besser in Einklang bringen lassen, als es im Rahmen der Festanstellung im Krankenhaus der Fall war. Gäbe es keine Zeitarbeit, würden mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten einen anderen Beruf wählen.
Schlussfolgerung Möchte man Pflegekräfte in ihrem Beruf halten oder für eine Festanstellung im Krankenhaus zurückgewinnen, müssten insbesondere die Gehälter steigen, flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle angeboten werden und ein wertschätzender Umgang miteinander gepflegt werden.
Frühe Rehabilitation bei COVID-19 – Best Practice
Empfehlungen für die frühe Rehabilitation von
Patient/innen mit COVID-19
Authors: Liebl Max Emanuel , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Glaesener Jean Jacques , Schwarzkopf Susanne , Best Norman , Lichti Gabriele , Kraft Eduard , Krischak Gert , Reißhauer Anett 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungWährend der COVID-19-Pandemie stehen Rehabilitationskliniken und
Akutkliniken bezüglich physikalisch-medizinischer, physiotherapeutischer
und frührehabilitativer Versorgung vor neuen Herausforderungen. In der
Behandlung von COVID-19 ist von einer Notwendigkeit frühmobilisierender
Maßnahmen und frührehabilitativer Behandlung auszugehen, auch
wenn vorhandene Strukturen bislang nicht flächendeckend solche
Komplexbehandlungen vorsahen. Aus den Erfahrungen aus der
fachübergreifenden Frührehabilitation in der Behandlung von
Patienten mit möglicherweise vergleichbaren Atemwegserkrankungen in
Verbindung mit aktuell verfügbaren Quellen und Erfahrungen sollen
therapeutisch-konzeptuelle Hinweise für die Behandlung von
Patient/innen mit COVID-19 abgeleitet werden. Die Empfehlungen
betreffen: Logistische Vorbereitung (Mitarbeiterumgang und -schulungen),
Infektiosität und persönliche Schutzausrüstung,
Umgebungsanpassung, interprofessionelles Arbeiten und Co-Therapie, Atemtherapie,
Mobilisierung, aktivierende Pflege und ADL, Trainingsintensität,
psychosoziales Management.
Anatomical Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendon Autografts: A Comparative Study of Three Different Techniques
Authors: Wen Zhenxing , Zhang Hua , Yan Wenlong , Mohamed Sheikh Ibrahimrashid , Zhao Pei , Huang Xiao , Xu Zijie , Zhang Jian , Zhou Aiguo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ideal procedure for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one that can achieve anatomical restoration for a better ACL function. This retrospective comparative study was conducted to evaluate the objective and subjective clinical results of the conventional single-bundle femoral round (SBR) tunnel technique, the single-bundle femoral oval (SBO) tunnel technique, and the double-bundle (DB) surgical technique for anatomical ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autografts. Patients who underwent the SBO, SBR, and DB ACL reconstructions from January 2016 to August 2017 were included in this study. A total of 163 patients underwent different surgical techniques; 41 patients underwent the SBO procedure, 78 patients received SBR, and the remaining 44 patients underwent the DB procedure. The Lachman's test, pivot-shift test, Lysholm's score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and Tegner's score were compared among groups postoperatively. KT-1000 was used to measure the anterior laxity of the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare the ACL graft maturity. Second-look arthroscopy was conducted to compare the graft status and synovial coverage. Significant differences among groups were found with respect to the Lysholm's score, Tegner's score, and IKDC score. Patients in the SBO and DB groups acquired higher functional scores than the SBR group. More patients with positive pivot-shift test were observed in the SBR group than other groups at 12- and 24-month postoperative follow-ups. The postoperative KT-1000 was better in the SBO and DB groups than in the SBR group. The mean signal/noise quotient (SNQ) of the SBO group was 2.70 ± 0.92, significantly lower than 3.58 ± 1.21 of the SBR group. Despite a higher proportion of patients with grade B or C synovial coverage and partial graft injury found in the SBR group, there were no significant differences among the groups. The SBO and DB technique achieved better clinical results than the SBR technique. The SBO technique was indeed an ideal surgical procedure for ACL reconstruction provided that the shortcoming of DB technique must be taken into account. This is a Level III, retrospective comparative study.
The 50 Most Cited Articles in the Indications, Risk Factors, Techniques, and Outcomes of ACL Revision Surgery
Authors: Ennis Hayley E. , Bondar Kevin , McCormick Johnathon , Chen Clark Jia-Long , Donnally Chester J. , Kaplan Lee 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) retear remains high and revision ACL reconstruction has worse outcomes compared with primaries. To make advances in this area, a strong understanding of influential research is necessary. One method for systematically evaluating the literature is by citation analysis. This article aims to establish and evaluate “classic” articles. With consideration of these articles, this article also aims to evaluate gaps in the field and determine where future research should be directed. The general approach for data collection and analysis consisted of planning objectives, employing a defined strategy, reviewing search results using a multistep and multiauthor approach with specific screening criteria, and analyzing data. The collective number of citations for all publications within the list was 5,203 with an average of 104 citations per publication. “Biomechanical Measures during Landing and Postural Stability Predict Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Return to Sport” by Paterno et al contained both the highest number of total citations and the highest number of citations per year, with 403 total citations and 43.9 citations per year. The most recurring level of evidence were level II (n = 18) and level III (n = 17). “Clinical Outcomes” was the most common article type (n = 20) followed by “Risk Factors” (n = 10). The American Journal of Sports Medicine had the highest recorded Cite Factor with over 50% of the articles (n = 27) published. The most productive authors included R.W. Wright (n = 6), S.D. Barber-Westin (n = 5), F.R. Noyes (n = 5), and K.P. Spindler (n = 5). Historically, influential studies have been published in the realms of clinical outcome and risk factor identification. It has been established that revision ACL reconstruction has worse outcomes and more high-level studies are needed. Additionally, prospective studies that apply the knowledge for current known risk factor mitigation are needed to determine if graft tear rates can be lowered.
Modeling to Predict Factor VIII Levels Associated with Zero Bleeds in Patients with Severe Hemophilia A Initiated on Tertiary Prophylaxis
Authors: Chowdary Pratima , Fischer Kathelijn , Collins Peter W. , Cotterill Amy , Konkle Barbara A. , Blanchette Victor , Pipe Steven W. , Berntorp Erik , Wolfsegger Martin , Engl Werner , Spotts Gerald 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Factor VIII (FVIII) trough levels > 1 IU/dL in patients with severe hemophilia A receiving regular prophylaxis may optimize bleed protection.
Objectives In this post hoc analysis of patients receiving tertiary prophylaxis for approximately 1 year, the relationship between estimated FVIII levels and reported bleeds was investigated to predict the potential for zero bleeds.
Methods Sixty-three patients (median [range] age, 28 [7–59] years) with severe hemophilia A (229 bleeds) were included. FVIII levels at time of each bleed were estimated from single-dose individual pharmacokinetics. The highest estimated FVIII level at which patients experienced a bleed was considered the “potentially effective trough level” for that bleed type. Kaplan–Meier estimates of proportions of patients with no bleeds above certain estimated FVIII levels were determined. Those not experiencing a bleed in the trial were assumed to have a bleed at 0 IU/dL (pragmatic approach) or at their median trough level (conservative approach).
Results Kaplan–Meier estimates based on pragmatic approach predicted zero all bleeds, joint bleeds, and spontaneous joint bleeds in 1 year in 40, 43, and 63% of patients, respectively, when the potentially effective trough FVIII level was set at 1 IU/dL. Between 1 and 10 IU/dL, every 1 IU/dL rise in estimated FVIII level was associated with an additional 2% of patients having zero all bleeds.
Conclusion This post hoc analysis confirms benefits with trough levels of approximately 1 to 3 IU/dL in most patients starting tertiary prophylaxis; prophylaxis with higher trough levels may help patients to achieve zero bleeds.
A Novel, Enriched Population Pharmacokinetic Model for Recombinant Factor VIII-Fc Fusion Protein Concentrate in Hemophilia A Patients
Authors: Bukkems Laura H. , Heijdra Jessica M. , Mathias Mary , Collins Peter W. , Hay Charles R. M. , Tait Robert C. , Mangles Sarah , Myers Bethan , Evans G. , Bailiff Benjamin , Curry Nicola , Payne Jeanette , Austin Steve , Goedhart Tine M. H. J. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Meijer Karina , Fijnvandraat Karin , Chowdary Pratima , Mathôt Ron A. A. , Cnossen Marjon H. ,   for UK-EHL Outcomes Registry OPTI-CLOT Collaboration
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The currently published population pharmacokinetic (PK) models used for PK-guided dosing in hemophilia patients are based on clinical trial data and usually not externally validated in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to validate a published model for recombinant factor VIII-Fc fusion protein (rFVIII-Fc) concentrate and to develop an enriched model using independently collected clinical data if required.
Methods Clinical data from hemophilia A patients treated with rFVIII-Fc concentrate (Elocta) participating in the United Kingdom Extended Half-Life Outcomes Registry were collected. The predictive performance of the published model was assessed using mean percentage error (bias) and mean absolute percentage error (inaccuracy). An extended population PK model was developed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM).
Results A total of 43 hemophilia A patients (FVIII ≤ 2 IU/dL), aged 5 to 70 years, were included. The prior model was able to predict the collected 244 rFVIII-Fc levels without significant bias (–1.0%, 95% CI: –9.4 to 7.3%) and with acceptable accuracy (12.9%). However, clearance and central distribution volume were under predicted in patients <12 years, which was expected as this age group was not represented in the previous model population. An enriched population PK model was constructed, which was able to successfully characterize PK profiles of younger children.
Conclusion We concluded that the existing rFVIII-Fc population PK model is valid for patients ≥ 12 years. However, it is not reliable in younger patients. Our alternative model, constructed from real world patient data including children, allows for better description of patients ≥5 years.
Differentiation of Patients with Symptomatic Low von Willebrand Factor from Those with Asymptomatic Low von Willebrand Factor
Authors: Grabowski Eric F. , Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Bornikova Larissa , Boyle Daniel C. , Silva Raisa Lomanto 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Accurate diagnosis of symptomatic low von Willebrand factor (VWF) remains a major challenge in von Willebrand disease (VWD). However, present tests do not adequately take into account flow forces that, at very high shear rates, reveal a weakness in the VWF-platelet glycoprotein glycoprotein Ib bond in normal subjects. The degree of this weakness is greater in symptomatic, but not asymptomatic, low VWF.
Objective The aim of this study is to distinguish patients with symptomatic low VWF (levels in the 30–50 IU/dL range) from those with asymptomatic low VWF and normal subjects.
Methods We measured platelet adhesion (PA)/aggregation in our novel microfluidic flow system that permits real-time assessment of PA (surface coverage) and PA/aggregation (V, aggregate volume) using epifluorescence digital videomicroscopy in flowing noncitrated whole blood at 4,000 second−1. Blood samples from 24 low VWF patients and 15 normal subjects were collected into plastic tubes containing 4 U/mL enoxaparin. MetaMorph software was used to quantify rates of PA and V increase.
Results Rates of PA increase showed a bimodal distribution, with values for 16/24 patients (Group I) all below the 2.5th percentile of normal, and values for 8/24 patients (Group II) similar to controls. Bleeding scores (mean ± standard error) were 5.50 ± 0.45 versus 2.75 ± 0.45 (p = 0.00077), and 10 clinically significant bleeding events were observed in seven versus zero (p = 0.0295) Group I and Group II subjects, respectively.
Conclusion The present approach may offer a definitive means to distinguish symptomatic low VWF from either asymptomatic low VWF or normal controls.
Functional Fibrinolysis Assays Reveal Different Mechanisms underlying Plasminogen Dysfunction in Ligneous Conjunctivitis
Authors: Bourrienne Marie-Charlotte , Loyau Stéphane , Faille Dorothée , de Raucourt Emmanuelle , de Mazancourt Philippe , Ho-Tin-Noé Benoît , Gabison Eric , Ajzenberg Nadine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Ligneous conjunctivitis (LC) is a rare disorder associated with plasminogen deficiency characterized by chronic fibrin deposits in the eyelids. All patients with plasminogen deficiency do not develop LC, whose underlying mechanisms remain unknown.
Objective We investigated whether fibrinolytic activity was correlated with phenotype and/or genotype in patients suffering from LC and their relatives.
Methods Plasminogen activity/antigen levels and PLG mutations were determined in 10 patients with LC, 17 of their asymptomatic relatives, and 10 healthy individuals used as a control group. Plasma fibrinolytic activity was evaluated using three different assays: (1) tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) front lysis, (2) cell-based urokinase-dependent euglobulin clot lysis (ECLT) at the surface of corneal cells, and (3) urokinase-dependent plasminogen activation.
Results Plasminogen activity varied from <10 to 40% in patients, 36 to 105% in relatives, and >80% in control healthy individuals. Homozygous K19E mutation was associated with normal antigenic plasminogen levels. In front-lysis experiments, all patients had a lower fibrinolysis rate as compared with their relatives and to control individuals. The cell-based ECLT and plasminogen activation assay demonstrated that urokinase-mediated fibrinolysis was not impaired in patients with homozygous K19E mutation compared with the other mutants.
Conclusion We confirm that plasminogen levels fail to predict LC occurrence. In these conditions, t-PA clot lysis front is useful to predict clinical outcome in plasminogen deficiency. Moreover, we provide evidence that occurrence of LC overlaps quantitative and qualitative plasminogen deficiencies. The homozygous K19E mutation is associated with isolated impaired t-PA-mediated fibrinolysis compared with other mutants.