bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study of the Global Formation of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Vu The‐Anh , Kieu Chanh , Chavas Daniel , Wang Quan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study examines the large‐scale factors that govern global tropical cyclone (TC) formation and an upper bound on the annual number of TCs. Using idealized simulations for an aquaplanet tropical channel, it is shown that the tropical atmosphere has a maximum capacity in generating TCs, even under ideal environmental conditions. Regardless of how favorable the tropical environment is, the total number of TCs generated in the tropical channel possesses a consistent cap across experiments. Analyses of daily TC genesis events reveal further that global TC formation is intermittent throughout the year in a series of episodes at a roughly 2‐week frequency, with a cap of 8–10 genesis events per day. Examination of different large‐scale environmental factors shows that 600‐hPa moisture content, 850‐hPa absolute vorticity, and vertical wind shear are the most critical factors for this global episodic TC formation. Specifically, both the 850‐hPa absolute vorticity and the 600‐hPa moisture are relatively higher at the onset of TC formation episodes. Once TCs form and move to poleward, the total moisture content and the absolute vorticity in the main genesis region subside, thus reducing large‐scale instability and producing an unfavorable environment for TCs to form. It takes ∼2 weeks for the tropical atmosphere to remoisten and rebuild the large‐scale instability associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone before a new TC formation episode can occur. These results offer new insight into the processes that control the upper bound on the global number of TCs in the range of 80–100 annually.
Late Pleistocene Carbon Cycle Revisited by Considering Solid Earth Processes
Authors: Köhler Peter , Munhoven Guy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe importance of volcanic CO2 release, continental weathering, and coral reef growth on the global carbon cycle has been highlighted by several different studies. Based on these independent approaches, we here revisit the last 800 kyr with the box model BICYCLE, which has been extended to be able to address these solid Earth contributions to the carbon cycle. We show that the volcanic outgassing of CO2 as a function of sea level change from mid‐ocean ridges and hot spot island volcanoes cannot be the generic process that leads during phases of falling obliquity to a sea level‐CO2 decoupling as has been suggested before. The combined contribution from continental and marine volcanism, if both lagging sea level change by 4 kyr, might have added up to 13 ppm to the glacial/interglacial CO2 rise. Coral reef growth as suggested by an independent model is during glacial terminations about an order of magnitude too high to be reconciled with meaningful carbon cycle dynamics. Global riverine input of bicarbonate caused by silicate and carbonate weathering is suggested to have been stable over Termination I. However, if weathering fluxes are changed by up to 50% in sensitivity experiments, the corresponding bicarbonate input might contribute less than 20 ppm to the deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise. The overall agreement of results with the new process‐based sediment module and the previously applied time‐delayed response function to mimic carbonate compensation gives confidence in the results obtained in previous applications of the BICYCLE model without solid Earth processes.
Forecasting SYM‐H Index: A Comparison Between Long Short‐Term Memory and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Siciliano F. , Consolini G. , Tozzi R. , Gentili M. , Giannattasio F. , De Michelis P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractForecasting geomagnetic indices represents a key point to develop warning systems for the mitigation of possible effects of severe geomagnetic storms on critical ground infrastructures. Here we focus on SYM‐H index, a proxy of the axially symmetric magnetic field disturbance at low and middle latitudes on the Earth's surface. To forecast SYM‐H, we built two artificial neural network (ANN) models and trained both of them on two different sets of input parameters including interplanetary magnetic field components and magnitude and differing for the presence or not of previous SYM‐H values. These ANN models differ in architecture being based on two conceptually different neural networks: the long short‐term memory (LSTM) and the convolutional neural network (CNN). Both networks are trained, validated, and tested on a total of 42 geomagnetic storms among the most intense that occurred between 1998 and 2018. Performance comparison of the two ANN models shows that (1) both are able to well forecast SYM‐H index 1 h in advance, with an accuracy of more than 95% in terms of the coefficient of determination R2; (2) the model based on LSTM is slightly more accurate than that based on CNN when including SYM‐H index at previous steps among the inputs; and (3) the model based on CNN has interesting potentialities being more accurate than that based on LSTM when not including SYM‐H index among the inputs. Predictions made including SYM‐H index among the inputs provide a root mean squared error on average 42% lower than that of predictions made without SYM‐H.
Beamline and Flight Comparisons of the ARMAS Flight Module With the Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter for Improving Atmospheric Radiation Monitoring Accuracy
Authors: Gersey Brad “Buddy” , Tobiska W. Kent , Atwell William , Bouwer Dave , Didkovsky Leonid , Judge Kevin , Wieman Seth , Wilkins Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIonizing radiation at aircraft and commercial suborbital spaceflight altitudes is driven by space weather and is a health concern for crew and passengers. We compare the response functions of two radiation detectors that were exposed to four different ground‐based laboratory radiation fields as well as flown alongside each other on aircraft. The detectors were a tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) and a Teledyne silicon micro dosimeter chip that was integrated into an Automated Radiation Measurements for Aerospace Safety Flight Module (ARMAS FM). Both detectors were flown onboard commercial and research aircraft. In addition, both detectors were exposed neutrons at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, protons at Loma Linda University Medical Center, 56Fe particles at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, and also a gamma radiation source at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The response of each of these instruments as well as derived dosimetric quantities are compared for each radiation exposure and the ratio for converting ARMAS absorbed dose in silicon to an estimated absorbed dose in tissue is obtained. This process resulted in the first definitive calibration of the silicon‐based detector like ARMAS to TEPC. In particular, with seven flights of both instruments together, the ARMAS‐derived dose in tissue was then validated with the TEPC‐measured dose in tissue and these results are reported. This work provides a method for significantly improving the accuracy of radiation measurements relevant to human tissue safety using a silicon detector that is easy to deploy and can report data in real time.
Current biomarker-associated procedures of cancer modeling-a reference in the context of IDH1 mutant glioma
Authors: Mehrjardi Narges Zare , Hänggi Daniel , Kahlert Ulf Dietrich 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIsocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1/2) are central molecular markers for glioblastoma. Providing in vitro or in vivo models with mutated IDH1/2 can help prepare facilities to understand the biology of these mutated genes as glioma markers, as well as help, improve therapeutic strategies. In this review, we first summarize the biology principles of IDH and its mutations and outline the core primary findings in the clinical context of neuro-oncology. Given the extensive research interest and exciting developments in current stem cell biology and genome editing, the central part of the manuscript is dedicated to introducing various routes of disease modeling strategies of IDH mutation (IDHMut) glioma and comparing the scientific-technological findings from the field using different engineering methods. Lastly, by giving our perspective on the benefits and limitations of patient-derived and donor-derived disease modeling respectively, we aim to propose leading research questions to be answered in the context of IDH1 and glioma.
An open‐circuit fault diagnosis method for a submodule in a high‐frequency‐link modular multilevel DC transformer
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyun , Lin Pu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA high‐frequency‐link modular multilevel DC/DC transformer (H‐M2DCT) is used to interconnect DC bus bars of different voltage levels, and its safe and stable operation helps ensure the reliability of the entire DC grid. However, there is little research on the open‐circuit failures of H‐M2DCT submodules. Based on an electrical characteristics analysis of the open‐circuit fault of the H‐M2DCT submodule, this paper proposes a submodule open‐circuit fault detection method based on wavelet analysis. By performing wavelet analysis on each arm current, the coefficient is used as a criterion to detect whether a submodule open‐circuit fault has occurred on the arm; in terms of fault location, an over‐voltage protection method based on the submodule capacitor voltage is adopted. The proposed method requires neither the establishment of a complicated mathematical model nor the installation of additional sensors; thus, rapid detection and localisation of the fault submodule are achieved while reducing computational demand. In addition, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method can be verified on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.
Prevention of the current transformer saturation by using negative resistance
Authors: Sanati Saeed , Alinejad‐Beromi Yousef 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the power grid, various conditions may occur that saturate the core of a current transformer. Saturation of the protection core of the current transformers can cause a malfunction in the protection relays. To prevent malfunction of the protection relays caused by the current transformer saturation, software and hardware methods can be used. In the software method changes in the protection relay algorithm are used. In the hardware method special devices are used. A new hardware method is presented here, which uses compensation to prevent the occurrence of current transformer saturation. In the proposed method, compensation is done by controlling an applied voltage to the current transformer secondary terminals using negative resistance. The proposed method, despite its simplicity and cost‐effectiveness, has good performance in preventing saturation in various conditions. The high reliability in terms of the risk of secondary open circuit and its application in various saturation conditions, even in the case of severe saturation are the main advantages of the proposed method. Also, the proposed method does not produce distortion in the transformation of high‐order harmonics by the current transformer. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, prototype design and construction have been performed. The simulation and experimental results of laboratory tests have been presented and analysed.
Radio observations of HD 80606 near planetary periastron
Authors: de Gasperin F. , Lazio T. J. W. , Knapp M. 
Published: November 2020

Context. All the giant planets in the Solar System generate radio emission via electron cyclotron maser instability, giving rise most notably to Jupiter’s decametric emissions. An interaction with the solar wind is at least partially responsible for all of these Solar System electron cyclotron masers. HD 80606b is a giant planet with a highly eccentric orbit, leading to predictions that its radio emission may be enhanced substantially near periastron.
Aims. This paper reports observations with the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) of HD 80606b near its periastron in an effort to detect radio emissions generated by an electron cyclotron maser instability in the planet’s magnetosphere.
Methods. The reported observations are at frequencies between 30 and 78 MHz, and they are distinguished from most previous radio observations of extrasolar planets by two factors: (i) they are at frequencies near 50 MHz, much closer to the frequencies at which Jupiter emits (ν < 40 MHz) and lower than most previously reported observations of extrasolar planets; and (ii) sensitivities of approximately a few millijanskys have been achieved, an order of magnitude or more below nearly all previous extrasolar planet observations below 100 MHz.
Results. We do not detect any radio emissions from HD 80606b and use these observations to place new constraints on its radio luminosity. We also revisit whether the observations were conducted at a time when HD 80606b was super-Alfvénic relative to the host star’s stellar wind, which experience from the Solar System illustrates is a state in which an electron cyclotron maser emission can be sustained in a planet’s magnetic polar regions.
Phase reddening on asteroid Bennu from visible and near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Fornasier S. , Hasselmann P. H. , Deshapriya J. D. P , Barucci M. A. , Clark B. E. , Praet A. , Hamilton V. E. , Simon A. , Li J.-Y. , Cloutis E. A. , Merlin F. , Zou X.-D. , Lauretta D. S. 
Published: November 2020

Context.The NASA mission OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) has been observing near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in close proximity since December 2018. In October 2020, the spacecraft collected a sample of surface material from Bennu to return to Earth.Aims.In this work, we investigate spectral phase reddening – that is, the variation of spectral slope with phase angle – on Bennu using spectra acquired by the OSIRIS-REx Visible and InfraRed Spectrometer (OVIRS) covering a phase angle range of 8–130°. We investigate this process at the global scale and for some localized regions of interest (ROIs), including boulders, craters, and the designated sample collection sites of the OSIRIS-REx mission.Methods.Spectra were wavelength- and flux-calibrated, then corrected for the out-of-band contribution and thermal emission, resampled, and finally converted into radiance factor per standard OVIRS processing. Spectral slopes were computed in multiple wavelength ranges from spectra normalized at 0.55μm.Results.Bennu has a globally negative spectra slope, which is typical of B-type asteroids. The spectral slope gently increases in a linear way up to a phase angle of 90°, where it approaches zero. The spectral phase reddening is monotonic and wavelength-dependent with highest values in the visible range. Its coefficient is 0.00044μm−1 deg−1in the 0.55–2.5μm range. For observations of Bennu acquired at high phase angle (130°), phase reddening increases exponentially, and the spectral slope becomes positive. Similar behavior was reported in the literature for the carbonaceous chondrite Mukundpura in spectra acquired at extreme geometries. Some ROIs, including the sample collection site, Nightingale, have a steeper phase reddening coefficient than the global average, potentially indicating a surface covered by fine material with high micro-roughness.Conclusions.The gentle spectral phase reddening effect on Bennu is similar to that observed in ground-based measurements of other B-type asteroids, but much lower than that observed for other low-albedo bodies such as Ceres or comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Monotonic reddening may be associated with the presence of fine particles at micron scales and/or of particles with fractal structure that introduce micro- and sub-micro roughness across the surface of Bennu.
Chemical mutagenesis of a GPCR ligand: Detoxifying “inflammo-attraction” to direct therapeutic stem cell migration
Authors: Lee Jean-Pyo , Zhang Runquan , Yan Maocai , Duggineni Srinivas , Wakeman Dustin R. , Niles Walter L. , Feng Yongmei , Chen Justin , Hamblin Milton H. , Han Edward B. , Gonzalez Rodolfo , Fang Xiao , Zhu Yinsong , Wang Juan , Xu Yan , Wenger David A. , Seyfried Thomas N. , An Jing , Sidman Richard L. , Huang Ziwei , Snyder Evan Y. 
Published: November 2020

SignificanceWhile inflammatory chemokines, constitutively produced by pathologic regions, are pivotal for attracting reparative stem cells, one would certainly not want to further “inflame” a diseased brain by instilling such molecules. Exploiting the fact that receptors for such cytokines (G protein-coupled receptors [GPCR]) possess two “pockets”—one for binding, the other for signaling—we created a synthetic GPCR-agonist that maximizes interaction with the former and narrows that with the latter. Homing is robust with no inflammation. The peptide successfully directed the integration of human induced pluripotent stem cell derivatives (known to have muted migration) in a model of a prototypical neurodegenerative condition, ameliorating symptomatology.
Functional redundancy of type I and type II receptors in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth by myostatin and activin A
Authors: Lee Se-Jin , Lehar Adam , Liu Yewei , Ly Chi Hai , Pham Quynh-Mai , Michaud Michael , Rydzik Renata , Youngstrom Daniel W. , Shen Michael M. , Kaartinen Vesa , Germain-Lee Emily L. , Rando Thomas A. 
Published: November 2020

Significance
Myostatin and activin A are secreted signaling molecules that act to limit skeletal muscle growth. Here, we show that myostatin and activin A utilize four receptor components to signal directly to muscle fibers. These findings have implications for strategies to target this signaling pathway for clinical applications to treat patients with muscle loss.
Towards webs of equivalence and the political nomad in agonistic debate
Authors: Bartlett Tom , Montesano Montessori Nicolina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Discourse theorists often defend their discursive stance on ‘reality’ and the material with reference to Laclau and Mouffe’s quote that, while an “earthquake or the falling of a brick…exist externally to thought,” they cannot “constitute themselves as objects outside any discursive conditions of emergence”.
While fully endorsing this statement, we argue that it does not licence discourse theorists to consider discursive formations divorced from their material context, but obliges us to account for the constraints and affordances of the material conditions on the structuring of the discursive field itself. Drawing on previous work, we argue that material conditions may render discourse systems incommensurate, such that they cannot be articulated through chains of equivalence within a radically restructured field. We suggest as a way forward the concept of the nomadic politician continually traversing between equivalential systems in order to reconfigure and renegotiate key signifiers within the materially-constrained discursive fields of each.
The (discursive) limits of (left) populism
Authors: Stavrakakis Yannis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As far as the study of (left) populism is concerned, Political Discourse Theory has been largely associated with a novel and challenging take on populist politics, first emerging in Laclau’s work in the 1970s and preoccupying Laclau, Mouffe and their co-travellers continuously since then. What has not been adequately articulated yet is what would be the limits of (left) populism as a political strategy from a discursive perspective. This short paper aims at remedying this lacuna in the relevant literature indicating certain ways forward for the discursive analysis of populism. The argument operates both at a theoretical and conceptual level as well as at the level of historical, empirical analysis.
Logics, discourse theory and methods
Authors: Glynos Jason , Howarth David , Flitcroft Ryan , Love Craig , Roussos Konstantinos , Vazquez Jimena 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Logics of Critical Explanation proposed a methodological approach that could render the insights of Poststructuralist Discourse Theory (PDT) and post-Marxist political theory more conducive to critical empirical research. It also offered a language with which to counter positivist tendencies to colonize the space of methods and research strategies, showing how PDT could facilitate both explanatory and critical endeavours. Since its publication in 2007, a number of studies have applied the logics framework to empirical cases, while critically engaging with its methodological and theoretical arguments. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate some of these developments, and to set out some future challenges faced by this research programme.
“Symbolic photographs” as floating and empty signifiers
Authors: Tomanić Trivundža Ilija , Vezovnik Andreja 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article discusses the use of “symbolic photographs” – images in news reporting which have no direct connection to
reported events – in news reporting. Such images deviate not only from the self-professed journalistic norm of factual reporting but also
fundamentally challenge the act of civic eyewitnessing constitutive for visual journalism. Concepts of floating and empty signifiers from
Discourse Theory are applied to “symbolic photographs” to analyse their ambivalent act of signification, their particular mode of iconicity
and, by extension, the journalistic and political implications of their repetitive use.
Critical fantasy studies
Authors: Glynos Jason 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Many scholars have drawn attention to the affective power that aspects of discourse and practice exert in our social and political life. Fantasy is a concept that, like structures of feeling, rhetoric, myth, metaphor, and utopia, has generated illuminating explanatory and interpretive insights with which to better understand the operation of this power. In this piece I argue that there are distinctive virtues in affirming the value of the category of fantasy, from a theoretical point of view. Importantly, however, I also argue that the qualification ‘critical’ in Critical Fantasy Studies captures something about how such studies can draw out the normative, ideological, and politico-strategic implications of psychoanalytic insights and observations, and thus become part of a broader enterprise in critical theoretical and empirical research.
Moving discourse theory forward
Authors: De Cleen Benjamin , Goyvaerts Jana , Carpentier Nico , Glynos Jason , Stavrakakis Yannis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article assesses the current state of play of the poststructuralist and post-Marxist discourse theory associated with Laclau and Mouffe and the ‘Essex school’, and identifies ways forward at the level of theory development, research practice and critique. The article starts by disentangling the different meanings of the notion of ‘discourse’ in ‘discourse theory’, clarifying the specificities of discourse theory as a theoretical and analytical framework and situating discourse theory in, but also beyond, critical discourse studies. It then moves to an assessment of the current state of discourse theory, its main contributions, and the identification of shortcomings and ways forward. This discussion is organized around five topics: methodology and the theory-analysis dialectic; the logics approach; the discursive-material relation; the role of fantasy and other psychoanalytic categories; and populism.