bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning for Virtual Histological Staining of Bright-Field Microscopic Images of Unlabeled Carotid Artery Tissue
Authors: Li Dan , Hui Hui , Zhang Yingqian , Tong Wei , Tian Feng , Yang Xin , Liu Jie , Chen Yundai , Tian Jie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Histological analysis of artery tissue samples is a widely used method for diagnosis and quantification of cardiovascular diseases. However, the variable and labor-intensive tissue staining procedures hinder efficient and informative histological image analysis.

Procedures
In this study, we developed a deep learning-based method to transfer bright-field microscopic images of unlabeled tissue sections into equivalent bright-field images of histologically stained versions of the same samples. We trained a convolutional neural network to build maps between the unstained images and histologically stained images using a conditional generative adversarial network model.

Results
The results of a blind evaluation by board-certified pathologists illustrate that the virtual staining and standard histological staining images of rat carotid artery tissue sections and those involving different types of stains showed no major differences. Quantification of virtual and histological H&E staining in carotid artery tissue sections showed that the relative errors of intima thickness, intima area, and media area were lower than 1.6 %, 5.6 %, and 12.7 %, respectively. The training time of deep learning network was 12.857 h with 1800 training patches and 200 epoches.

Conclusions
This virtual staining method significantly mitigates the typically laborious and time-consuming histological staining procedures and could be augmented with other label-free microscopic imaging modalities.
In Vivo Evaluation of Indium-111–Labeled 800CW as a Necrosis-Avid Contrast Agent
Authors: Stroet Marcus C. M. , de Blois Erik , Stuurman Debra C. , de Ridder Corrina M. A. , Haeck Joost , Seimbille Yann , Mezzanotte Laura , de Jong Marion , Löwik Clemens W. G. M. , Panth Kranthi M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Current clinical measurements for tumor treatment efficiency rely often on changes in tumor volume measured as shrinkage by CT or MRI, which become apparent after multiple lines of treatment and pose a physical and psychological burden on the patient. Detection of therapy-induced cell death in the tumor can be a fast measure for treatment efficiency. However, there are no reliable clinical tools for detection of tumor necrosis. Previously, we studied the necrosis avidity of cyanine-based fluorescent dyes, which suffered long circulation times before tumor necrosis could be imaged due to low hydrophilicity. We now present the application of radiolabeled 800CW, a commercially available cyanine with high hydrophilicity, to image tumor necrosis in a mouse model.

Procedures
We conjugated 800CW to DOTA via a PEG linker, for labeling with single-photon emission-computed tomography isotope indium-111, yielding [111In]In-DOTA-PEG4-800CW. We then investigated specific [111In]In-DOTA-PEG4-800CW uptake by dead cells in vitro, using both fluorescence and radioactivity as detection modalities. Finally, we investigated [111In]In-DOTA-PEG4-800CW uptake into necrotic tumor regions of a 4T1 breast tumor model in mice.

Results
We successfully prepared a precursor and developed a reliable procedure for labeling 800CW with indium-111. We detected specific [111In]In-DOTA-PEG4-800CW uptake by dead cells, using both fluorescence and radioactivity. Albeit with a tumor uptake of only 0.37%ID/g at 6 h post injection, we were able to image tumor necrosis with a tumor to background ratio of 7:4. Fluorescence and radioactivity in cryosections from the dissected tumors were colocalized with tumor necrosis, confirmed by TUNEL staining.

Conclusions
[111In]In-DOTA-PEG4-800CW can be used to image tumor necrosis in vitro and in vivo. Further research will elucidate the application of [111In]In-DOTA-PEG4-800CW or other radiolabeled hydrophilic cyanines for the detection of necrosis caused by chemotherapy or other anti-cancer therapies. This can provide valuable prognostic information in treatment of solid tumors.
The Effect of Heating Rate on Discontinuous Grain Boundary Alpha Formation in a Metastable Beta Titanium Alloy
Authors: Gao Junheng , Rainforth W. Mark 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Continuous grain boundary α (

$$ \alpha_{\text{GB}} $$

α
GB

) is often observed in age-hardened metastable β titanium alloys and plays a detrimental role in ductility. In this work, we show that the heating rate to the aging temperature is crucial in determining the extent of

$$ \alpha_{\text{GB}} $$

α
GB

. The extent of

$$ \alpha_{\text{GB}} $$

α
GB

is determined by the extent of formation of isothermal ω at grain boundaries. This new finding is significant for suppressing continuous

$$ \alpha_{\text{GB}} $$

α
GB

formation in aging hardened β titanium alloys.
The Rare Bone Disease TeleECHO Program: Leveraging Telehealth to Improve Rare Bone Disease Care
Authors: Tosi Laura L. , Rajah Elmer N. , Stewart Michael H. , Gillies Austin P. , Hart Tracy S. , Lewiecki E. Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Rare bone diseases constitute ~ 5% of all known rare diseases and can require complex, multidisciplinary care. Advancing access to current medical knowledge is an important strategy for improving care for rare bone diseases throughout the world. To support this goal, the Rare Bone Disease Alliance launched the Rare Bone Disease TeleECHO in 2019.

Recent Findings
The Rare Bone Disease TeleECHO is a monthly video teleconference that fosters a collegial community of practice and opportunities for active learning through interactive case-based learning. TeleECHO relies on a hub-and-spoke model, where medical professionals at the “hub” provide support and expertise for other healthcare providers, or the “spokes”. Evidence of the global reach of the program as well as qualitative feedback from registrants supports the need for rare bone disease education and the value of the TeleECHO model.

Summary
The Rare Bone Disease TeleECHO helps meet the challenge of disseminating rapidly expanding rare bone disease knowledge by leveraging telehealth.
The Surprising Truth About Disagreement
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConciliationism—the thesis that when epistemic peers discover that they disagree about a proposition, both should reduce their confidence—faces a major objection: it seems to require us to significantly reduce our confidence in our central moral and political commitments. In this paper, I develop a typology of disagreement cases and a diagnosis of the source and force of the pressure to conciliate. Building on Vavova’s work, I argue that ordinary and extreme disagreements are surprising, and for this reason, they carry information about the likelihood of error. But deep disagreement is not surprising at all, and token deep disagreements do not put pressure on us to conciliate. However, a pattern of deep disagreements points to a different concern: not the problem of disagreement but the problem of irrelevant influences. Deep disagreement constitutes some pressure to examine the foundations from which we reason, rather than to conciliate on our central moral and political claims.
Pedra da Boca, Pai Mateus, and Quixadá—Three Possible Key Geoheritage Sites in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Migoń Piotr , Maia Rubson Pinheiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper subscribes to the concept of Key Geoheritage Area (KGA) which is currently being developed. Three localities in northeast Brazil are described as possible candidates for KGA. They represent the diversity of erosional granite landscapes found in cratonic areas. Pedra da Boca is an impressive cluster of tall domes rising from the marginal escarpment of Borborema Plateau, with gigantic tafoni. Pai Mateus is located on the Borborema Plateau and consists of a group of low granite elevations (ruware, whalebacks) with residual boulders scattered on their surfaces. These boulders are hollowed out by weathering, providing another very distinctive type of tafoni. Quixadá area is an inselberg landscape, with a few dozens of bedrock hills rising from the plain. Among minor features, karren are ubiquitous. Collectively, these three sites show different types of cratonic granite scenery, a multitude of medium-size and minor geomorphic features, and illustrate pathways for inselberg formation and decay through long-term weathering and erosion. Therefore, they are considered to fit the concept of KGA. In addition, each landscape has considerable aesthetic and scenic values, with great potential for geotourism and geoeducation. Nevertheless, their current conservation status is low and geointerpretation nearly nonexistent and these challenges are to be addressed in the future.
Organisation of care for patients using direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Gulpen A. J. W. , van Dijk J. K. , Damen N. L. , ten Cate H. , Schalla S. , ten Cate-Hoek A. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended by several scientific societies as first-line therapy for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, there is uncertainty regarding the organisation of anticoagulation care, with various caregivers being involved. Patients and caregivers are often confronted by uncertainty about the coordination of treatment. With the functional resonance analysis method we visualised the process of anticoagulation care in daily practice in the Maastricht region. This resulted in recommendations on how to improve the organisation of anticoagulation care for DOAC patients.
Recent comprehensive review for extended finite element method (XFEM) based on hydraulic fracturing models for unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs
Authors: Maulianda Belladonna , Savitri Cindy Dhevayani , Prakasan Aruvin , Atdayev Eziz , Yan Twon Wai , Yong Yew Kwang , Elrais Khaled Abdalla , Barati Reza 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHydraulic fracturing has been around for several decades since 1860s. It is one of the methods used to recover unconventional gas reservoirs. Hydraulic fracturing design is a challenging task due to the reservoir heterogeneity, complicated geological setting and in situ stress field. Hence, there are plenty of fracture modelling available to simulate the fracture initiation and propagation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review on hydraulic fracturing modelling based on current hydraulic fracturing literature. Fundamental theory of hydraulic fracturing modelling is elaborated. Effort is made to cover the analytical and numerical modelling, while focusing on eXtended Finite Element Modelling (XFEM).
Ameliorated reserpine production via in vitro direct and indirect regeneration system in Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz.
Authors: Mukherjee Eashan , Sarkar Sutanu , Bhattacharyya Somnath , Gantait Saikat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRauvolfia serpentina(L.) Benth. ex Kurz., popularly known as Indian Snakeroot plant, belonging to Apocynaceae family, holds immense medicinal importance, owing to its rich source of multiple secondary metabolites such as ajmaline, ajmalicine, reserpine, and serpentine. To meet the constant demands for the key secondary metabolite (reserpine) by majority of the pharmaceutical industries, the present study assessed the effects of direct and indirect regeneration system on amelioration of reserpine accumulation in shoots ofR. serpentina. In vitro multiple shoot cultures were established using shoot tip explants. Best results for shoot initiation, multiplication, and biomass production were obtained in case of Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with 1 mg/lN6-benzyladenine. The multiple shoots were then sub-cultured on cytokinin–auxin combination media for further proliferation. Highest shoot and leaf multiplication rates and the most enhanced biomass were obtained in case of 1–1.5 mg/l Kinetin + 0.2 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Callus induction and its subsequent proliferation was obtained using 1.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The best indirect shoot regeneration with highest shoot and leaf proliferation from calli was observed in case of 1 mg/l thidiazuron + 0.2 mg/l NAA. Reserpine content estimation via HPTLC from in vitro shoots (direct regeneration) and calli (indirect regeneration) were recorded to undergo an almost three-fold and two-fold increment (respectively) in comparison to that of the mother plant. Thus, in vitro direct regeneration system proved to be more effective and efficient in ameliorating the reserpine content.
onto2problog: A Probabilistic Ontology-Mediated Querying System using Probabilistic Logic Programming
Authors: van Bremen Timothy , Dries Anton , Jung Jean Christoph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe presentonto2problog, a tool that supports ontology-mediated querying of probabilistic data via probabilistic logic programming engines. Our tool supports conjunctive queries on probabilistic data under ontologies encoded in the description logic$$\mathcal{ELH}^{dr}$$ELHdr, thus capturing a large part of the OWL 2 EL profile.
SIRT7 antagonizes human stem cell aging as a heterochromatin stabilizer
Authors: Bi Shijia , Liu Zunpeng , Wu Zeming , Wang Zehua , Liu Xiaoqian , Wang Si , Ren Jie , Yao Yan , Zhang Weiqi , Song Moshi , Liu Guang-Hui , Qu Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSIRT7, a sirtuin family member implicated in aging and disease, is a regulator of metabolism and stress responses. It remains elusive how human somatic stem cell populations might be impacted by SIRT7. Here, we found that SIRT7 expression declines during human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aging and that SIRT7 deficiency accelerates senescence. Mechanistically, SIRT7 forms a complex with nuclear lamina proteins and heterochromatin proteins, thus maintaining the repressive state of heterochromatin at nuclear periphery. Accordingly, deficiency of SIRT7 results in loss of heterochromatin, de-repression of the LINE1 retrotransposon (LINE1), and activation of innate immune signaling via the cGAS-STING pathway. These aging-associated cellular defects were reversed by overexpression of heterochromatin proteins or treatment with a LINE1 targeted reverse-transcriptase inhibitor. Together, these findings highlight how SIRT7 safeguards chromatin architecture to control innate immune regulation and ensure geroprotection during stem cell aging.
Plant-based diets, insulin sensitivity and inflammation in elderly men with chronic kidney disease
Authors: González-Ortiz Ailema , Xu Hong , Avesani Carla M. , Lindholm Bengt , Cederholm Tommy , Risérus Ulf , Ärnlöv Johan , Espinosa-Cuevas Angeles , Carrero Juan Jesús 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In persons with CKD, adherence to plant-based diets is associated with lower risk of CKD progression and death, but underlying mechanisms are poorly characterized. We here explore associations between adherence to plant-based diets and measures of insulin sensitivity and inflammation in men with CKD stages 3–5.

Methods
Cross-sectional study including 418 men free from diabetes, aged 70–71 years and with cystatin-C estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 and not receiving kidney-specific dietetic advice. Information from 7-day food records was used to evaluate the adherence to a plant-based diet index (PBDi), which scores positively the intake of plant-foods and negatively animal-foods. Insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal rate were assessed with the gold-standard hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp technique. Inflammation was evaluated by serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6. Associations were explored through linear regression and restricted cubic splines.

Results
The majority of men had CKD stage 3a. Hypertension and cardiovascular disease were the most common comorbidities. The median PBDi was 38 (range 14–55). Across higher quintiles of PBDi (i.e. higher adherence), participants were less often smokers, consumed less alcohol, had lower BMI and higher eGFR (P for trend <0.05 for all). Across higher PBDi quintiles, patients exhibited higher insulin sensitivity and lower inflammation (P for trend <0.05). After adjustment for eGFR, lifestyle factors, BMI, comorbidities and energy intake, a higher PBDi score remained associated with higher glucose disposal rate and insulin sensitivity as well as with lower levels of IL-6 and CRP.

Conclusion
In elderly men with non-dialysis CKD stages 3–5, adherence to a plant-based diet was associated with higher insulin sensitivity and lower inflammation, supporting a possible role of plant-based diets in the prevention of metabolic complications of CKD.

Graphic abstract
How Company Law has Failed Human Rights – and What to Do About It
Authors: SJÅFJELL Beate 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article discusses three questions. First, what drives business to ignore human rights, or even worse, consciously undermine the achievement of human rights? Second, given the state of affairs of business and human rights, why is there not a quick regulatory fix to the problems that we see? Third, in light of the failure of business and of regulation so far, what can be done? The article posits that reform of company law is key to ensuring business respect for human rights, as an intrinsic element of the transition to sustainability. The article outlines how company law can facilitate sustainable business. It concludes with some reflections on the drivers for change that make it possible to envisage that the necessary reform of company law will be enacted.
Air and environmental sampling for SARS-CoV-2 around hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Cheng Vincent Chi-Chung , Wong Shuk-Ching , Chan Veronica Wing-Man , So Simon Yung-Chun , Chen Jonathan Hon-Kwan , Yip Cyril Chik-Yan , Chan Kwok-Hung , Chu Hin , Chung Tom Wai-Hin , Sridhar Siddharth , To Kelvin Kai-Wang , Chan Jasper Fuk-Woo , Hung Ivan Fan-Ngai , Ho Pak-Leung , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground:The role of severe respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–laden aerosols in the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains uncertain. Discordant findings of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air samples were noted in early reports.Methods:Sampling of air close to 6 asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients with and without surgical masks was performed with sampling devices using sterile gelatin filters. Frequently touched environmental surfaces near 21 patients were swabbed before daily environmental disinfection. The correlation between the viral loads of patients’ clinical samples and environmental samples was analyzed.Results:All air samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the 6 patients singly isolated inside airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs) with 12 air changes per hour. Of 377 environmental samples near 21 patients, 19 (5.0%) were positive by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, with a median viral load of 9.2 × 102 copies/mL (range, 1.1 × 102 to 9.4 × 104 copies/mL). The contamination rate was highest on patients’ mobile phones (6 of 77, 7.8%), followed by bed rails (4 of 74, 5.4%) and toilet door handles (4 of 76, 5.3%). We detected a significant correlation between viral load ranges in clinical samples and positivity rate of environmental samples (P < .001).Conclusion:SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detectable by air samplers, which suggests that the airborne route is not the predominant mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Wearing a surgical mask, appropriate hand hygiene, and thorough environmental disinfection are sufficient infection control measures for COVID-19 patients isolated singly in AIIRs. However, this conclusion may not apply during aerosol-generating procedures or in cohort wards with large numbers of COVID-19 patients.
Barriers and facilitators to extended working life: a focus on a predominately female ageing workforce
Authors: Edge Clare Ellen , Coffey Margaret , Cook Penny A. , Weinberg Ashley 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany countries are reforming their pension systems so people stay in work for longer to improve the long-term sustainability of public finances to support an increasing older population. This research aimed to explore the factors that enable or inhibit people to extend working life (EWL) in a large United Kingdom-based retail organisation. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample (N = 30): 15 employees aged ⩾60 and 15 supervisors supporting these employees. Older workers were predominately female, reflecting the gender profile of the older workers in the organisation. Older workers and supervisors reported that key facilitators to EWL were good health, the perception that older workers are of value, flexibility and choice, the need for an ongoing conversation across the lifecourse, the social and community aspect of work as a facilitator to EWL and the financial necessity to EWL. Perceived barriers to EWL included poor health, negative impacts of work on health, and a lack of respect and support.
Biocultural conservation in the sacred forests of Odisha, India
Authors: Pradhan Antaryami , Ormsby Alison A 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBiocultural and indigenous approaches to conservation, such as the sacred forests of India, are increasingly being recognized and valued. At these sites, the ecological aspects as well as the local community management and cultural significance of the landscape contribute to conservation success. From 2012 to 2015, we investigated five sacred forests in western Odisha (India) that varied in size from 1 to 1000 ha. Through interviews with 81 residents, we explored the types of groves, their use and management approaches. We investigated levels of grove disturbance and plant use with botanical survey methods. Some groves experience pressures from annual pilgrimage visitors, and we documented the relative impacts of pilgrims and other activities using ethnographic methods. Community participation or management by the Forest Department alone has not been completely effective in conserving these sacred natural sites; however, collaborative work can contribute to successful conservation. Continued community involvement is key to future biodiversity conservation in the sacred groves.
Explicit effect subtyping
Authors: KARACHALIAS GEORGIOS , PRETNAR MATIJA , SALEH AMR HANY , VANDERHALLEN STIEN , SCHRIJVERS TOM 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As popularity of algebraic effects and handlers increases, so does a demand for their efficient execution. Eff, an ML-like language with native support for handlers, has a subtyping-based effect system on which an effect-aware optimising compiler could be built. Unfortunately, in our experience, implementing optimisations for Eff is overly error-prone because its core language is implicitly typed, making code transformations very fragile. To remedy this, we present an explicitly typed polymorphic core calculus for algebraic effect handlers with a subtyping-based type-and-effect system. It reifies appeals to subtyping in explicit casts with coercions that witness the subtyping proof, quickly exposing typing bugs in program transformations. Our typing-directed elaboration comes with a constraint-based inference algorithm that turns an implicitly typed Eff-like language into our calculus. Moreover, all coercions and effect information can be erased in a straightforward way, demonstrating that coercions have no computational content. Additionally, we present a monadic translation from our calculus into a pure language without algebraic effects or handlers, using the effect information to introduce monadic constructs only where necessary.