bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of 36 hospital learning centers in Thailand: continuation of child patient education, parent attitudes toward child’s illness and service satisfaction
Authors: Fuengfoo Adidsuda , Sakulnum Kim , Owjinda Sumitra 
Published: December 2020

Background: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of 36 hospital learning centers for the continued education of sick children using electronic distance learning television (eDLTV), parents’ attitudes toward their child’s illnesses and education, and service satisfaction of the centers. Methods: The sample included 4,430 children aged 4-18 years old with common illnesses, chronic illnesses and developmental disorders, as well as 4,430 parents who had taken care of the child for at least 6 months. The methods included attitude surveys, which were analyzed using chi-square tests and t-tests. Results: The factors associated with education continuation of the children were illness types (parents were less worried about children with common illness and more concerned about education of children with chronic diseases and children with disabilities), distance from home to school, transportation type, parents’ education level, marital status, and family income. About 99.8% of patients with common illnesses continued their education, followed by 99.3% of disabled children, and 95.9% of chronic patients. Satisfaction score towards the services at the learning centers were high (mean scores: 4.28 and 4.43 respectively, out of 5 = strongly satisfied). Conclusion: After completing an education program through eDLTV at a center, a total of 97.7% of children continued their education and were highly satisfied with the service at the center. Parents had positive attitudes towards their child’s illnesses and education.
Experiences of the International In-Training Examination (I-ITE) by Rwandan pediatric residents – a mixed-methods description of candidate feedback
Authors: Cartledge Peter Thomas , Umuhoza Christian , McCall Natalie 
Published: December 2020

Background:The University of Rwanda is the only African residency to have implemented the pediatric International In-Training Examination (I-ITE) as a tool to monitor resident knowledge acquisition. The objective of this study was to better understand the acceptance and relevance of this exam to residents from this setting and their perceptions regarding this assessment tool.Methods:This is amixed-methods study describing candidate feedback. Immediately on completing the I-ITE residents provided feedback by filling in an electronic questionnaire comprised of four closed Likert questions and an open text box for free-text feedback. Participants were pediatric residents from the University of Rwanda, the only university in Rwanda with a pediatric residency program. Quantitative analysis of the Likert questions was undertaken descriptively using SPSS. Free-text feedback was coded and analysed. No specific guiding theory was used during the qualitative analysis, with coding and analysis undertaken by two researchers.Results:Eighty-four residents completed a total of 213 I-ITE sittings during the five exam cycles undertaken during the study period. Quantitative and qualitative feedback was given by residents during 206 and 160 sittings, giving a response rate of 97% and 75%, respectively. Five themes emerged from the qualitative analysis; 1) undertaking the I-ITE was a positive experience; 2) exam content; 3) formative nature of the assessment; 4) challenges to completing the exam; 5) practicalities to undertaking the exam.Conclusion:Qualitative feedback demonstrates that the I-ITE, a standardized, and independent exam, produced by the American Board of Pediatrics, was valued and well accepted by Rwanda pediatric residents. Its formative nature and the breadth and quality of the questions were reported to positively contribute to the residents' formative development.
Classification of small ruminant lentivirus subtype A2, subgroups 1 and 2 based on whole genome comparisons and complex recombination patterns
Authors: Dickey Aaron M. , Smith Timothy P. L. , Clawson Michael L. , Heaton Michael P. , Workman Aspen M. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) cause a multisystemic chronic wasting disease in sheep across much of the world. SRLV subtype A2 is prevalent in North America and further classified into multiple subgroups based on variation in the group antigens gene (gag) and envelope (env) genes. In sheep, the ovine transmembrane protein 154 (TMEM154) gene is associated with SRLV susceptibility. Ewes with at least one copy of TMEM154 encoding a full-length protein with glutamate at position 35 (E35; haplotypes 2 and 3), are highly susceptible to SRLV infection while ewes with any combination of TMEM154 haplotypes which encodes lysine (K35; haplotype 1), or truncated proteins (haplotypes 4 and 6) are several times less so. A2 subgroups 1 and 2 are associated with host TMEM154 genotypes; subgroup 1 with the K35/K35 genotype and subgroup 2 with the E35/E35 genotype. Methods: The goals of this study were to analyze sequence variation within and among SRLV subtype A2 subgroups 1 and 2 and to identify genome-scale recombination patterns. This was done using full-length assemblies of virus samples. Results: Consensus viral genomes were assembled for 23 infected sheep, including animals of assorted TMEM154 genotypes comprised of haplotypes 1, 2, or 3. Viral genome analysis identified viral subgroups 1 and 2 among the samples, and revealed additional sub-structure within subgroup 2 based on models predicting complex patterns of recombination between the two subgroups in several genomes. Animals with evidence of dual subgroup infection also possessed the most diverse quasi-species and the most highly recombined genomes. Conclusions: The viral subgroup framework developed to classify SRLV consensus genomes along a continuum of recombination suggests that animals with the TMEM154 E35/K35 genotype may represent a reservoir for producing viral genomes representing recombination between A2 subgroups 1 and 2.
Concordância na velocidade da marcha de mulheres diabéticas tipo 2 em diferentes testes de caminhada
Authors: Corrêa Leandro Quadro , Rombaldi Airton José , Teixeira Fernanda de Souza , Umpierre Daniel , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a concordância na velocidade da marcha (VM) a partir dos testes de caminhada de seis minutos (6MWT) e de quatro metros (4MWT) em mulheres diabéticas tipo 2 (DM2). Os testes foram realizados antes e após intervenção de 12 semanas com exercícios físicos. O 4MWT foi realizado em espaço de quatro metros, sendo o resultado do teste medido como o tempo gasto (segundos) no percurso. O 6MWT foi realizado em modelo de ir e vir em uma distância de 15 metros e o resultado foi a distância total (metros) percorrida. Os resultados foram padronizados para velocidade de deslocamento (m/s). Para avaliar a concordância (6MWTpré x 4MWTpré) e (6MWTpós x 4MWTpós), utilizou-se o teste de Bland-Altman (B-A) e o coeficiente de concordância de correlação de Lin. O nível de significância aceito para o estudo foi α 5%. Foram medidas 39 mulheres, com idade média de 58,79 ± 10,03 anos e diagnóstico de DM2 a 8,64 ± 8,53 anos. Verificou-se, pelo teste de B-A, diferenças na VM dos testes de -0,001 ± 0,19 m/s (IC95%: -0,37 a 0,37 m/s) no início e 0,02 ± 0,21 m/s (IC95%: -0,39 a 0,42 m/s) ao final e concordância de 0,60 (IC95%: 0,41 a 0,79; p < 0,001) e 0,52 (IC95%: 0,31 a 0,73; p < 0,001) pré e pós, respectivamente, pelo coeficiente de concordância de correlação Lin. Através dos dados obtidos, sugere-se que os dois testes podem ser utilizados para avaliar a VM das mulheres DM2, porém o 6MWT apresentou maior reprodutibilidade para detectar mudanças na VM ao longo do tempo.
Evaluation of underweight status may improve identification of the highest-risk patients during outpatient evaluation for pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Kitonsa Peter J. , Nalutaaya Annet , Mukiibi James , Nakasolya Olga , Isooba David , Kamoga Caleb , Baik Yeonsoo , Robsky Katherine , Dowdy David W. , Katamba Achilles , Kendall Emily A. 
Published: December 2020

Background
When evaluating symptomatic patients for tuberculosis (TB) without access to same-day diagnostic test results, clinicians often make empiric decisions about starting treatment. The number of TB symptoms and/or underweight status could help identify patients at highest risk for a positive result. We sought to evaluate the usefulness of BMI assessment and a count of characteristic TB symptoms for identifying patients at highest risk for TB.

Methods
We enrolled adult patients receiving pulmonary TB diagnoses and a representative sample with negative TB evaluations at four outpatient health facilities in Kampala, Uganda. We asked patients about symptoms of chronic cough, night sweats, chest pain, fever, hemoptysis, or weight loss; measured height and weight; and collected sputum for mycobacterial culture. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy (for culture-positive TB) of two simple scoring systems: (a) number of TB symptoms, and (b) number of TB symptoms plus one or more additional points for underweight status (body mass index [BMI] ≤ 18.5 kg/m2).

Results
We included 121 patients with culture-positive TB and 370 patients with negative culture results (44 of whom had been recommended for TB treatment by evaluating clinicians). Of the six symptoms assessed, the median number of symptoms that patients reported was two (interquartile range [IQR]: 1, 3). The median BMI was 20.9 kg/m2 (IQR: 18.6, 24.0), and 118 (24%) patients were underweight. Counting the number of symptoms provided an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (c-statistic) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.72, 0.81) for identifying culture-positive TB; adding two points for underweight status increased the c-statistic to 0.81 (95%CI: 0.76, 0.85). A cutoff of ≥3 symptoms had sensitivity and specificity of 65% and 74%, whereas a score of ≥4 on the combined score (≥2 symptoms if underweight, ≥4 symptoms if not underweight) gave higher sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 81% respectively. A sensitivity analysis defining TB by Xpert MTB/RIF status produced similar results.

Conclusion
A count of patients’ TB symptoms may be useful in clinical decision-making about TB diagnosis. Consideration of underweight status adds additional diagnostic value.
Prostaglandin E-Major Urinary Metabolite Predicts Relapse in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Clinical Remission
Authors: Ishida Natsuki , Sugiura Kiichi , Miyazu Takahiro , Tamura Satoshi , Suzuki Satoshi , Tani Shinya , Yamade Mihoko , Iwaizumi Moriya , Hamaya Yasushi , Osawa Satoshi , Furuta Takahisa , Sugimoto Ken 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:Prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite (PGE-MUM) is a novel biomarker reflecting endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, there are no studies investigating the efficacy of PGE-MUM as a biomarker for predicting relapse. We investigated whether PGE-MUM can predict clinical relapse of UC.METHODS:The measurement of PGE-MUM and endoscopic evaluation were performed in 70 patients with UC in clinical remission. The optimal cutoff values predicting relapse and relapse-free rate were analyzed.RESULTS:Sixteen patients (22.9%) relapsed during the 12-month follow-up. The median PGE-MUM value of relapsed patients at entry was significantly higher than that of patients in clinical remission (P= 0.008). The cutoff value of PGE-MUM predicting future relapse was 25.2 μg/g Cr by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.721 (95% confidence interval: 0.556–0.886). The relapse-free rate of patients with PGE-MUM ≥25.2 μg/g Cr was significantly lower than that in patients with PGE-MUM <25.2 μg/g Cr (log-rank test:P< 0.001). The ROC analysis of UC patients with disease duration more than 1–8 years showed that duration of more than 5 years had the largest area under the ROC curve 0.821 (95% confidence interval: 0.583–1.000) and that the optimal cutoff value was 26.3 μg/g Cr.DISCUSSION:PGE-MUM is a reliable biomarker for predicting future relapse, particularly in UC patients with long-disease duration.
CUBREBOCAS EN TIEMPOS DE PANDEMIA, REVISIÓN HISTÓRICA, CIENTÍFICA Y RECOMENDACIONES PRÁCTICAS
Authors: Lopez Leon Sandra , Ayuzo Cipatli , Perelman Carol , Sepulveda Rosalinda , Colunga-Pedraza Iris J. , Cuapio Angélica , Wegman-Ostrosky Talia 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la literatura médica y científica (incluida una revisión paraguas) relacionada con el uso de cubrebocas como medida de prevención en la transmisión de enfermedades respiratorias virales para tomar decisiones informadas durante una pandemia. Desde inicios del siglo XX se estableció que el cubrebocas es efectivo para reducir infecciones respiratorias. El uso entre la población general inició hasta la pandemia de 1918. Desde entonces, las investigaciones se han enfocado principalmente en determinar los mejores materiales para su elaboración, encontrando que la efectividad del cubrebocas aumenta con el número de las capas, siendo ideal tres, de punto cerrado y de diversos materiales. Los meta-análisis demostraron que el uso de cubrebocas disminuye el riesgo de contagio de enfermedades respiratorias virales, incluido COVID-19, comparado a no usarlo. Los cubrebocas evitan el paso de una gran proporción de partículas del virus SARS-CoV-2 protegiendo tanto al portador como al resto de la población al reducir la carga viral a la que se está expuesto, disminuyendo así el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad grave de COVID-19. Cuando las personas están en espacios públicos es preferible elegir usar cualquier cubrebocas, a no usar ninguna protección naso bucal. Para decidir sobre el uso del cubrebocas es importante evaluar el riesgo-beneficio. Con este análisis concluimos que según la evidencia, los beneficios del uso del cubrebocas superan los riesgos, por lo que recomendamos que el uso de cubrebocas de forma generalizada.
THE EFFECT OF YOGA EXECRCISE ON REDUCING BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG ELDERLY WITH HYPERTENTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Permana Bhakti , Lindayani Linlin , Hendra Agus , Juniarni Lia 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTHypertension is the most commonly encountered problems experienced by the elderly with sometimes unknown cause. One effort to lower blood pressure in the elderly is to provide yoga exercises, where yoga exercises can stimulate endorphin hormone expenditure. The purpose of review was to determine the effectiveness of yoga exercises for decreasing blood pressure in the elderly. An initial search for articles was done on Google Scholar and PubMed. Studies obtained about exercise therapy for hypertension elderly have 4,560 articles / journals but only 5 articles meet the search criteria. According to the search results, yoga exercises can reduce blood pressure in the elderly. Besides, it is also very important to be applied as a non-pharmacological therapy for the elderly who have a medical history of hypertension. It is expected that health professionals can recommend this as a therapy for lowering blood pressure in the elderly. ABSTRAKHipertensi adalah masalah yang paling sering ditemui yang dialami oleh lansia dengan penyebab yang terkadang tidak diketahui. Salah satu upaya menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia adalah dengan memberikan senam yoga, dimana senam yoga dapat merangsang pengeluaran hormon endorphin. Tujuan review adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan senam yoga dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia. Pencarian awal untuk artikel dilakukan di Google Scholar dan PubMed. Studi tentang terapi senam lansia hipertensi didapatkan 4.560 artikel / jurnal tetapi hanya 5 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria pencarian. Menurut hasil pencarian, senam yoga dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia. Disamping itu juga sangat penting diterapkan sebagai terapi non farmakologi bagi lansia yang memiliki riwayat kesehatan hipertensi. Diharapkan tenaga kesehatan dapat merekomendasikan hal ini sebagai terapi penurunan tekanan darah pada lansia.
KASUS UJARAN KEBENCIAN DALAM BERITA SURAT KABAR DI HINDIA BELANDA
Authors: Nugraha Fajar Muhammad , De Archellie Reynaldo , Clement Cresentia Carra Nethania 
Published: December 2020

<p>This article is a preliminary study that explores past events of the Dutch East Indies colonial government, specifically describing criminal cases of hate speech or haatzaai depicted in newspaper news between 1879 and 1942. The Dutch East Indies colonial government controlled freedom of thought, expression, and politics of the native population by using the legal instruments Wetboek van Strafrecht voor Nederlandsch Indie, especially articles 154, 155, 156, and 157. These four articles are known as haatzaai artikelen. This regulation was published and enforced in the Dutch East Indies in 1918. This article uses twenty-eight newspaper news articles published in ten cities on the islands of Java and Sumatra as the primary sources. This is research that uses historical methods by gathering primary<br />and secondary sources in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia (Jakarta), the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia (Jakarta), and the Constitutional Institution voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV) (Jakarta). This article concludes that based on the news articles found, haatzaai artikelen, as a repressive legal product, is not only used<br />by the colonial government to control people’s behavior but also used by fellow members of the community of East Indies to quarrel with each other in many cases of hatred, incitement, and defamation.</p>
EKSISTENSI DAN PEWARISAN BUDAYA TUKU DALAM MASYARAKAT PULAU NDAO (ORANG NDAO) KABUPATEN ROTE NDAO NTT
Authors: Luji Daud Saleh 
Published: December 2020

<p>On Ndao Island, Ndao Nuse Subdistrict, Rote Ndao Regency, the people have two prominent skills and have become the livelihoods of the people on the island, namely weaving skills (manènnu) and craftsmen or silversmiths (tuku). The two skills of the above Ndao island community are passed on by parents with informal and non-formal education patterns, but the two cultures experience different developments. Manènnu culture is still developing today among women while tuku culture is almost extinct. To<br />find out the existence and cause of near extinction of Tuku’s skills, this research was carried out with the formulation of the problem as follows: 1) how the existence of silver or tuku craftsmen on Ndao Island; 2) what is the cause of the almost endangered skill of silversmiths or tuku in Ndao Island; 3) how are the efforts of the people of Ndao Island to pass down the culture of silversmiths or tuku to young generation. This study aims: 1) to find out the existence of silver or tuku craftsmen on Ndao Island; 2) to find out the<br />cause of the almost endangered skill of silversmiths or tuku in Ndao Island; 3) to know the efforts of the people of Ndao Island to pass down the culture of silversmiths or tuku to their young generation. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with interview and observation techniques for data collection. From the results of data analysis it can be concluded the following matters: First, there is an effort of cultural<br />inheritance in society but does not use the right pattern. Second, the lack of interest in the younger generation to learn tuku. Third, the existence of cultural assimilation is the inclusion of a new method of fishing that is using a large trawl boat with a large trawl type so that many young people from Ndao Island who do not want to learn tuku skills and prefer to be subordinates to lampara boats whose income is actually far below the<br />skills of tuku. Besides that, there are many people who pursue seaweed cultivation, the Fourth. The more difficult the silver raw materials in the community. The fifth pattern of cultural inheritance is not done well and well organized.</p>
RUMO A UMA INTERSUBJETIVIDADE CRESCENTE devires de um percurso
Authors: Schereiner Brenda Luana , Pacheco Elizabeth Medeiros , Meira Renato Santanna Barbosa 
Published: December 2020

Resumo: O texto que aqui dispomos apresenta dois depoimentos como narrativas em 1a pessoa, como reverberação do encontro promovido pela pesquisa O corpo sem álibi, realizada pelo Departamento de Psicologia da UFF Campos entre cinco educadores articulados pela aposta comum na transdisciplinaridade como regime da educação no contemporâneo. Através de oficinas, filmes e rodas de conversa questionamos o modo como as resistências aos métodos escolarizados da educação são tomados como incapacidade, desvio ou delinquência, levando crianças e jovens ao diagnóstico de "inadaptados". Assumindo outro olhar, crítico-clínico, tomamos tais resistências como efeitos-sujeito analisadores da educação normatizante, e nos implicamos no desafio de produzir outros gestos, que acolham sua diversidade e os aceite e positive como "Inadaptáveis". Palavras-chave: afetos; educação; encontro; experiência; resistência.
Ketersediaan Tenaga Kesehatan Promotif dan Preventif Puskesmas di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Shofiah Rizkiy , Prihatini Dewi , Viphindartin Sebastiana 
Published: December 2020

Community Health service is the first level facility which enables promotive and preventive service to gain health. The administration of health service should be supported by qualified medical workers to support the function of community health service. Concerrning its function, the service is required to have at least five promotive and preventive workers including laboratory analyst, nutritionist, public health workers, and sanitary worker. The availability of medical human resources in Community Health service has not yet distributed evenly in Jember Regency. The recruitment of the health human resources in Jember still focuses on medical workers This research is a descriptive research using qualitative approach aiming at describing the availability of promotive and preventive workers in Community health service in Jember regency based on Minimum Resources Standard. The findings shows that out of 50 Health service 30 of them do not have analyst , 28 without nutritionist, 37 with no public health workers and 36 without sanitation workers , as shown by data from Health Office. The informant reveals that the uneven distribution of promotive and primitive workers is caused by (1) Health office zero recruitment for Health service, (2) the policy restriction for health service for utrititonist, (3) the limit of Health service budget for the recruitment. Keyword: the availability, promotive and preventive workers, community health service
Local-Integral Coupling Model of Tubular Strings with Connectors and Its Application in Periodic Sticking Analyses
Authors: Huang Wenjun , Gao Deli 
Published: December 2020

Summary
As tubular structures and wellbore conditions in drilling engineering become more complex, the integral mechanical problem of tubular strings with connectors becomes more complicated, and it exceeds the scope of conventional tubular mechanics. To solve this problem, the concept of local-integral coupling of tubular strings is presented, and a local-integral coupling model is built. The coupling model is obtained by introducing the amended factors from local model into the integral model. Next, the coupling model is applied to extended-reach drilling in the South China Sea. The main reason for a common problem in drilling 12¼-in. sections in X oilfield, named periodic sticking, is studied from qualitative and quantitative aspects. The mechanical drags on connectors when periodic sticking occurs and mechanical extending limits considering mechanical drags are analyzed. The results indicate that openhole keyseat is the main reason for periodic sticking in long openhole drilling in X oilfield. Openhole keyseats are formed by drillstring connectors grinding the borehole wall under rotary drilling mode. Reducing or eliminating openhole keyseats is very important for safe and efficient extended-reach drilling.