bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the molecular structure of epoxy resin without hardener in mortar
Authors: Ariffin Nur Farhayu , Shukor Lim Nor Hasanah Abdul , Syed Mohsin Sharifah Maszura , Hussin Mohd Warid , Mohd Sam Abdul Rahman , Lee Han Seung 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The principal of molecular structure of cement mortar is important as it shows a component and interaction between cement and additive. By using a themogrativimetric analysis, the phase of mortar structure when exposed to high temperature can be determined. This paper presents the study on influence of epoxy resin without hardener on the microstructure of mortar. Mortar specimens were prepared with mass ratio of 1:3 (cement: fine aggregate), water-cement ratio of 0.48 and 5 to 20% epoxy resin of cement content. All tested specimens were subjected to wet-dry curing; where compressive strength, apparent porosity, thermogrativimetric analysis and fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy were measure. Result shows that, all strength properties of epoxy mortar were significantly higher than control sample and became constant at 10 % of epoxy resin ratio. Thermogrativimetric analysis shows the weight loss of epoxy mortar was almost similar for various percentage of epoxy resin while from fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy test, the component of epoxy mortar and normal mortar was significantly different.
Contractor’s understanding towards the implementation of quality assessment system in construction (QLASSIC) in construction industry
Authors: Khalid Zailawati , Tamjehi Sitti Diana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Quality Assessment System in Construction (QLASSIC) developed by CIDB to measure and evaluate the quality of workmanship and finishes of construction works. Unfortunately, QLASSIC is not fully implemented and applied by all contractors in Malaysia as this element is not a compulsory requirement in getting projects. This paper presents the findings of determination on the understanding of contractors towards the implementation of Quality Assessment System in construction (QLASSIC) in construction industry. This objective was achieved based on the literature review and questionnaire survey. The respondents were selected based on the grade of contractor from G5 to G7 construction companies in Klang Valley. Sample of questionnaire would be 200 and the reply from respondents responded is 95. The data was analysed using Reliability Analysis and Descriptive Analysis. The results indicate that the understanding of contractors is only basic understanding on QLASSIC system but the detail implementation of QLASSIC from contractors were still low. On further research, it may able to study on the implementation of QLASSIC in client’s perspective. The research will study on the implementation of QLASSIC but in the others perspective which is look into the understanding of QLASSIC to clients, the challenges and benefit from QLASSIC implementation.
Flexural behaviour of interlocking brick system with grout cement mixed with various fibre
Authors: Ag. Mumin Awangku Muizz , Tahir Mahmood Md. , Ngian Shek Poi , Shukor Hassanah , Khan Mohammad Rasheed , Tukirin Siti Asiah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Interlocking bricks are usually produced by mixing laterite clay, fine sand, and Portland cement. However, the typical problem with this mixture is the formation of cracks due to the brittle behaviour of the interlocking materials mixture. Therefore, there is a need to add some fibres that could enhance the strength of the production of interlocking bricks. This paper presents the effects on compressive and flexural strength of interlocking bricks produced by mixing with synthetic polypropylene fibre (SPF) and palm oil fibre (POF). Tests were carried out to compare the relative strength between normal interlocking brick and proposed interlocking brick with fibre. Nine interlocking bricks with various mixture were tested for compression. Three beams specimen were prepared and tested until failure. The results showed that the addition of fibre has significantly increased the strength of interlocking bricks in all tests. POF interlocking bricks showed the highest strength, while SPF interlocking bricks showed higher in compression but lower in flexural strength than normal interlocking brick. It was concluded that the addition of POF in the interlocking mixture could be used as an additive mixture to improve the strength of the interlocking brick system.
RISBARI: an alternative house model for the 2018 Lombok earthquake affected people
Authors: Awaludin A , Adiyuano Y , Mursyid F A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Right after the 2018 Lombok earthquake, a huge number of housings were considered to be rebuilt or partially repaired. Out of more than 216,519 damaged houses, around 75,138 houses have to be demolished and rebuilt at the same location. This construction process is required to carry out immediately as majority of affected dwellers are now living at temporary shelters with very limited privacy. A house model made from cold formed steel structure, RISBARI, was proposed. RISBARI was developed to meet two essential criteria: fast erection process and construction budget constraints. A full scale test of RISBARI was conducted to evaluate its lateral strength capacity. This paper summarize the earthquake-resistant RISBARI house as well as the planning of its implementation in massive production through 5Ms principles.
Rubber Damping System of Industrialised Building System (IBS) Block Work House
Authors: Lee S C , Ma C K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The block work house with Industrialised Building System (IBS) is innovated to minimize the rate of casualties from earthquake disaster. In order to improve the ductility of IBS block work house, rubber dampers were used to resist dynamic motion of a structure under seismic event. Through the research, the seismic performance of the 1:5 down scaled IBS block work column was obtained. The objective of this research is to create a robust IBS column by improving the damping system. Time History Test on shake table was conducted for IBS column models to determine its structural behaviour under seismic loading. Three types of IBS column models with different rubber damper type and application were tested. The rubber damping properties for two different rubber types were also obtained. Sabah earthquake 2015 with the PGA of 0.126g was simulated for the time history shake table test. The dynamic parameters such as acceleration, response spectra, and displacement were evaluated. As the results of the study, it was found that the hard rubber has better damping properties than soft rubber. The rubber dampers that installed in xy-plane horizontally on the column system is effective as vibration isolator.
Behaviour of Composite Beam Arranged as Boxed-Section With C-Channel of Cold-Formed Steel of Lipped Section
Authors: Khadavi  , Tahir M.M , Salih Musab N A , Abraham Ahmad S A , Shek P N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cold formed steel (CFS) of lipped C-Channel sections are commonly use because of their simple forming procedures and easy to erect. To improve the flexural strength of the proposed composite beam, the C-channel of Lipped section is arranged toe-to-toe to form into boxed shape section and filled with self-compacting concrete (SCC). Reinforcement bars was used in a tension zone to increase the flexural strength of the proposed beam in this experimental study. A U-shape re-bars was installed to act as shear connections between concrete slab and beam of boxed section filled with self-compacting concrete. Two specimens were prepared and tested until failure. A C-channel section of size 250mm deep, 75mm width, and 2.4mm thick was used for the proposed composite beam section. Longitudinal rebar’s size of 16mm and 20mm were installed at the bottom of the beam encased by the self-compacting concrete of 50MPa. A U-shape re-bar if size 12mm in diameter was used as a shear connector and functioned as vertical shear resistance for the beam system. The beam is kept restrained in position by a profiled metal decking installed on top of the beam to form a slab system also cast using by SCC. The specimens were tested under pure bending arranged as simply supported beams. It was found that the moment resistance of the experimental results agreed well with the predicted numerical analysis.
Technology Assessment in Indonesian Construction Industry
Authors: Soemardi B W , Kusuma B , Abduh M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the last decades the Indonesian construction sector has experienced significant shift in both the size and complexity. The ever-growing size and complexity of construction and infrastructure works often required the employment of non-traditional construction methods and technology. Responding to such needs, however, there remain questions on whether the construction industry is able to respond to such challenges. This paper is to put forward the concept for assessing the technological capability of the Indonesian construction industry. Particularly, it aims to describe how the construction companies evolve in their technological management capability. The assessment will encompass three aspects: technological capacity, development of technology capability and acquisition and adoption of technology. A technology management assessment concept was proposed to determine key factors that influence the way construction companies select and utilize technology to enhancement their performance. Although they appear to agree on general path for technology capability development, large contractors seem to be more prepared in formulating the strategies for the utilization and development of technology in the company’s strategic plans than those of medium-sized contractors.
Critical Success Factors on the Implementation of Industrialized Building System in West Sumatra
Authors: Alzahri  , Zin R M , Farni I , Zainuddin M , Edrizal  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The construction industry in West Sumatra, Indonesia is experiencing a serious challenge since the occurrence of the devastating earthquake in September 2009. The Infrastructures including residential housing, government offices, roads and bridges were damaged and destroyed. The major problems facing the construction industry is mostly related to poor planning, lack of standards for quality project implementation and poor processing time. One of the possible solutions to answer these problems is by introducing Industrialized Building System (IBS) in the construction industry. The aim of the study described in this paper is to identify the critical success factors (CSF) for the successful implementation of IBS in West Sumatra. The main methodology involved questionnaire survey to various stakeholders of the construction industry who have had experience dealing with IBS construction methods. The results and findings reveal that there are twenty-two critical success factors that need to be considered by the industry in order to ensure the success of IBS implementation. The factors can be grouped into several distinct classifications. It is expected that the findings form this study serve as a gateway for encouragement towards proper implementation of IBS in West Sumatra.
Local effect of column flange flexibility on shear lag in steel box moment connections
Authors: Doung P , Sasaki E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the shear lag phenomenon occurred in steel box moment connections by considering the local effect of column flange flexibility. The stress concentration due to shear lag in steel box member is one of the major concerns for steel box moment connections. When welding is utilized, the connections are susceptible to cracking or failure in the weld parts. Therefore, the maximum stress in the steel box moment connection is always checked during a preliminary design stage. In this study, the stresses due to shear lag were evaluated using least-work solution, considering the flexibility of column flange. The local flexibility of the connection, which caused by the column flange and diaphragms, is represented by an axial spring model, and contributed to stress distribution in the beam flange. Using the presumed longitudinal displacement functions for both the beam flange and web, the stress concentrations were evaluated to increase significantly compared with that obtained from a cantilever beam model. The finite element assessment was also conducted to check the validity of the manual prediction of the stress in various ranges of the beam and column section properties. The results are further summarized, discussed, and showed that more flexible column flange and diaphragm provided higher stress concentrations.
Structural Health Monitoring of Prestressed Concrete Beams by Vibration- and Impedance-based Smart Technologies
Authors: Ho Duc-Duy , Thanh-Cao Le 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, vibration- and impedance-based smart technologies are presented for structural health monitoring (SHM) of prestressed concrete (PSC) beams. The following approaches are implemented in order to achieve the objective. Firstly, smart sensors’ hardware and embedded software are designed for vibration and impedance monitoring. In the design, a sensor node to measure PZT’s dynamic strain is newly proposed. Secondly, vibration and impedance responses experimentally measured from a PSC beam are examined to verify the feasibility of the smart sensors for SHM. At least two behaviours of the PSC beam are examined as follows: 1) interaction between girder’s vibration and cable’s vibration and 2) effect of wind speeds on vibration and impedance responses. Finally, the accuracy of cable force monitoring by the smart sensors is evaluated for the PSC beam.
Influence of Rust Removal Process on The Effectiveness of Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection in Repair Concrete
Authors: Astuti P , Kamarulzaman K , Rafdinal R S , Hamada H , Sagawa Y , Yamamoto D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The accumulation of corrosion product on the steel surface may cause eventual failure to deliver of ionic current protection from sacrificial anode cathodic protection. The effect of cleaning of deteriorated steel bar before cathodic protection application is studied in this paper. Two specimens having a length of 580 mm and 150x100 mm of the cross-sectional area with deteriorated reinforcing bar and half-part of chloride contaminated concrete were fabricated to simulate the repair process. Two corroded reinforcing bar with the same surface condition (ø 13mm) were embedded in concrete parallel to each other with the intermediary distance of 40 mm and the cover depth of 30 mm in the bottom surface of the specimen. In the first specimen, rust on the steel bar surface in the repair section was removed. Discrete sacrificial zinc anode is connected to one steel bar in the repair section. During three-years observation, the specimens were exposed to several conditions: 20°C air curing, dry-wet cycle, dry laboratory air, and wet condition, respectively. Potential of both rebar and the sacrificial anode was monitored to understand the performance of the cathodic protection system. The result indicates that rust removal process of steel bar surface in repair concrete part is the most desirable initial condition when the sacrificial anode is applied on it to protect corroded steel bar in new and existing concrete.
Numerical investigation of coastal sediment transport for assessment of coastal erosion of a Philippine coastline using a 3D hydrodynamic model
Authors: Bautista Dominic , Herrera Eugene , Hernandez Bryan , Yoshikai Masaya , Nakamura Takashi , Nadaoka Kazuo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Philippines, being an archipelagic country with at least 36,000 km of coastline, has been identified to have more than 20 areas that are at risk of coastal erosion. One of these areas, located in Ibajay, Aklan, was studied wherein a 3-dimensional numerical model using Delft3D was created in order to simulate and analyze the prevailing hydrodynamics and sediment transport. The model was calibrated using continuous water level and velocity data obtained from sensors deployed during two separate field surveys. Model results showed excellent agreement with observed data and sufficiently captures the existing tidally dominated hydrodynamics of the study area. The temporal variability of the hydrodynamics and transport of sediments was investigated by simulating flows during flood-ebb, spring-neap, southwest-northeast monsoon, and 2-year long conditions. Areas of erosion and deposition were identified based on the results of the long-term simulation. None of these areas were located along the coastline except on the area near the stream where local erosion and deposition happens. Based on this, it can be concluded that the study coast is stable under prevailing tidal conditions. The obtained results can be used as baseline data for managing future coastal developments of the municipality and the methodology conducted in this research can be applied on other erosion-prone coastlines nationwide.
Development of a Predictive Closure Depth Equation Using Field Data and Wave Refraction Modelling
Authors: Razak MS Ab , Khan AR 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In any beach nourishment project, the estimate of the closure depth is the most important aspect and it can be obtained from periodical beach profile survey data and an analytical approach. In this paper, beach profile survey data of four years 2003 (before nourishment), 2005-2007 (after nourishment) and 11 beach profile chainages were analyzed to measure the closure depth using the Fixed Depth Change (FDC) method for the case study at Teluk Cempedak, Kuantan. The results from the measured closure depth were then compared to that calculated from the Hallermeier equations. The Hs0.137% wave height was determined by a wave refraction model that was developed and analyzed against offshore wave heights to predict the onshore wave heights at a depth of 10 m using Delft3D model. In comparison, the predictive equation showed an underestimate of the average closure depth of approximately 5%. This underprediction could be due to the inclusion of closure depths that are captured at the mid-zone for the chainage profiles that are located near the southern headland. Neglecting these chainage profiles lead to an over-prediction of the closure depth. This is consistent with the concept of Hallermeiers that the predictive equation determines an upper limit value of the closure depth. The new closure depth for the studied area was established and can be equated to 0.8 times Hs0.137%.
Application of Preventive Maintenance in Planning Maintenance of Tablet Printing Machines in Drug Companies
Authors: Siregar I , Nasution A A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Companies that implement the production process will always be faced with market competition. The process is done on the floor of the production required to produce a quality product and is able to win the competition. Machine condition greatly affects the results of the production process. A good machine will produce a quality product, otherwise the machine that his condition is not good will result in products that are not qualified. Companies engaged in the manufacture of the drug often have damage to the machine where the damage is mostly caused by engine component of a machine failure function so that the machine could not start the process when the operating damage to one of the machines at work, then the machine production process will be interrupted because it takes time to replace components of the machine. For that to be done, a step to improve the system of corrective maintenance which currently used the company so that the damage to the engine at the time of the working hours of the machine can be avoided. The purpose of this research is to get the engine maintenance schedule intervals by performing a critical component replacement tablet printing machine based on data obtained by the drug companies. Determining the schedule engine maintenance done by using Reliability Engineering. Of research results in retrieved that components are frequently damaged components namely Punch and Dies and the Pulley with the value of the respective machine reliability of 0.3429 and 0.4183. While the time Interval component replacement punch and dies the optimum is 791 hours per cycle of usage which means that the components of the punch and dies must be replaced at a time when the machine operates 791 hours. Whereas in the pulley component the optimum replacement time interval is 1695 hours per cycle of damage where the pulley component must be replaced when the engine is operating 1695 hours.
Corrective Maintenance of Worm Gear a Screw Press Machine with a capacity of 30 tons per hour using Wear Analysis and its response to Conus Pressure
Authors: Ariani F , Tugiman  , Nasution D M , Sibarani H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Worm gear is one of the main components of a screw press machine that is very vulnerable to wear. Based on the survey, it was found that the lifetime of the worm gear of a screw press machine at a palm oil mill owned by PT. Perkebunan Nusantara 4, Adolina estate, is always lower (only 700 to 800 hours) when compared to the recommended lifetime of the manufacturer (1000 hours). The wear on this worm gear needs to be minimized because it affects the performance of the screw press machine and losses on palm oil. Corrective maintenance needs to be applied to worm gear as a repair solution. Temporary corrective maintenance that has been carried out by the operator is to re-weld the surface of the worm gear. Initial analysis has been carried out by calculating the response that occurs in the worm gear due to cone pressure. The analysis results obtained that the highest wear value is located at the end of the worm gear that is in direct contact with the cone pressure. Obtained the value of the rate of wear depth of the worm gear of 0.583 mm per day with the hardness value of the cast steel material that is 215 BHN. After that, at the end of the worm, gear is modified by adding a coating plate that has been given surface hardening treatment using NiKaNa methods. The aims are to make the wear that occurs earlier on the part of the coating plate, so that repair becomes more leisurely. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the value of the hardness of the coating plates increased by 490 BHN, with the rate of wear depth decreasing to 0.256 mm per day.
Design and analysis of the LDR-controlled device
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Purba Fernando , Dinzi Riswan , Fauzi Rahmad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Energy efficiency is important for sustainability. However, efficiency cannot rely on human being as human is forgetful. Many energy applications live on only at night. This paper extracted design and analysis of LDR-controlled device based on MXD-122 existing product. Circuits design contains power supply, sensors, comparator and switching device. As analysis performed, it is revealed that system works only for half wave output. The output current is limited by the maximum current of IDSS. Many resistors cause dropped voltage, which means system efficiency is very low. In order to enhance system for controlling higher current device, it should be connected to contactor.