bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodic Solutions of Symmetric Hamiltonian Systems
Authors: Strzelecki Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the study of periodic solutions of a Hamiltonian system$$\dot{z}(t)=J \nabla H(z(t))$$z˙(t)=J∇H(z(t)), whereHis symmetric under an action of a compact Lie group. We are looking for periodic solutions in a neighborhood of non-isolated critical points ofHwhich form orbits of the group action. We prove a Lyapunov-type theorem for symmetric Hamiltonian systems.
Improved pre-operative diagnostic accuracy for low-grade prosthetic joint infections using second-generation multiplex Polymerase chain reaction on joint fluid aspirate
Authors: Suren Christian , Feihl Susanne , Cabric Sabrina , Banke Ingo J. , Haller Bernhard , Trampuz Andrej , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Prodinger Peter M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
A major obstacle for the treatment of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the identification of the underlying causative organism. While the diagnostic criteria ruling PJI in or out have become ever more accurate, the detection of the causative pathogen(s) still relies mostly on conventional and time-consuming microbial culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a second-generation multiplex PCR assay (Unyvero ITI G2, Curetis AG, Holzgerlingen, Germany) used on synovial fluid specimens. Our hypothesis was that the method would yield a higher diagnostic accuracy in the pre-operative workup than synovial fluid culture. Thus, a more precise classification of septic and aseptic prosthesis failure could be achieved before revision surgery.

Methods
Prospectively collected frozen joint fluid specimens from 26 patients undergoing arthroplasty revision surgery of the hip or knee were tested as per the manufacturer’s protocol. Sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values as well as positive and negative likelihood ratios with corresponding confidence intervals were estimated using the statistical software R. A combination of the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, joint fluid culture, tissue biopsy culture, and tissue biopsy histology served as the gold standard.

Results
Of the 26 patients included in the study, 15 were infected and 11 were aseptic. Conventional joint fluid culture showed a sensitivity of 0.67 and a specificity of 0.91. Joint fluid multiplex PCR yielded a sensitivity of 0.8 and a specificity of 1.0.

Conclusions
Using the second-generation Unyvero ITI cartridge on joint fluid aspirate for the detection of prosthetic joint infection, we were able to achieve a higher diagnostic accuracy than with conventional culture. We conclude that to improve pathogen detection before revision surgery, this method represents a valuable and practicable tool.
Swallow-related quality of life and oropharyngeal dysphagia in myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Pilz Walmari , Passos Valéria Lima , Verdonschot Rob J. , Meijers Jolanda , Roodenburg Nel , Halmans Yana , Faber Catharina G. , Kremer Bernd , Baijens Laura W. J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
This study describes swallow-related quality of life (SWAL-QOL) in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and investigates its association with swallowing function and disease severity.

Methods
A SWAL-QOL questionnaire was completed by 75 DM1 patients and 25 healthy control subjects. The severity of the disease was evaluated using the muscular impairment rating scale (MIRS). Twenty-eight DM1 patients underwent a videofluroscopic swallowing examination (VFS). Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to measure the direction and strength of associations.

Results
The SWAL-QOL median scores were significantly lower for the DM1 group than for the healthy control group. The scores for the majority of the SWAL-QOL domains were lower in patients with proximal muscular weakness (MIRS 4 and 5). Postswallow vallecular pooling and piecemeal deglutition were the most impaired VFS outcome variables.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that a multidimensional swallowing assessment is recommended for DM1 patients as SWAL-QOL and VFS measure different aspects of the swallowing function, thus providing complementary information.
Management of simultaneous ocular elevation and depression deficit in patients after reconstruction surgery for orbital floor fracture
Authors: Loba Piotr , Ordon Agata Joanna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo present and examine the results of surgical correction of simultaneous ocular elevation and depression deficit in patients who underwent reconstruction surgery for orbital floor fracture.MethodsA retrospective analysis of medical records of patients who had undergone surgical correction for diplopia associated with orbital fracture which persisted after orbital reconstruction surgery. All patients underwent orthoptic evaluation before surgery and postoperatively with various times of follow-up.ResultsEight cases of blow-out fracture of the orbital floor were identified. Surgical plan varied from case to case. It included thorough revision of inferior rectus/oblique complex with or without recession of the former or flap tear repair and additional procedures. Postoperatively 4 patients (50%) were diplopia free, 3 (37.5%) presented diplopia in extreme upgaze and 1 (12.5%) in mid-upgaze and adduction. None of the patients reported diplopia in the primary position neither downgaze.ConclusionDiplopia persisting after reconstructive surgery of a fractured orbital floor may be corrected surgically. Our results suggest that at least two surgical procedures are necessary to achieve satisfying outcomes. Contralateral inferior rectus recession combined with superior oblique recession and superior rectus posterior fixation appears to be effective procedures for use.
Process windows of ultrasonic thermoforming of micro structures
Authors: Peng Yu-Jiang , Schomburg Werner Karl 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUltrasonic thermoforming of micro structures is similar as usual thermoforming, but the heat required for softening of the polymer is at least partly generated by ultrasonic vibrations. Cycle times as short as a few seconds are achieved by ultrasonic thermoforming and not much more than a commercially available ultrasonic welding machine is required for the process. This paper describes the process window of this fabrication process for polypropylene foils, 200 µm in thickness, as a function of preheating of the tool. Best results have been obtained at room temperature. Since the process is a function of temperature, it is concluded that production should be performed with a tool preheated to 45 °C to avoid an influence by a changing room temperature. The overall size of the samples is limited by the size of the available sonotrodes. The experiments described in this paper were performed on an area of 2 × 2 cm2, but larger sonotrodes with an area of, e.g., 8 × 12 cm2 could also be employed. The size of the process window is a function of both the properties of the polymer and the inclination angle of the side walls of the structures on the tools.
“Just-in-time” generation of datasets by considering structured representations of given consent for GDPR compliance
Authors: Debruyne Christophe , Pandit Harshvardhan J. , Lewis Dave , O’Sullivan Declan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractData processing is increasingly becoming the subject of various policies and regulations, such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that came into effect in May 2018. One important aspect of GDPR is informed consent, which captures one’s permission for using one’s personal information for specific data processing purposes. Organizations must demonstrate that they comply with these policies. The fines that come with non-compliance are of such importance that it has driven research in facilitating compliance verification. The state-of-the-art primarily focuses on, for instance, the analysis of prescriptive models and posthoc analysis on logs to check whether data processing is compliant to GDPR. We argue that GDPR compliance can be facilitated by ensuring datasets used in processing activities are compliant with consent from the very start. The problem addressed in this paper is how we can generate datasets that comply with given consent “just-in-time”. We propose RDF and OWL ontologies to represent the consent that an organization has collected and its relationship with data processing purposes. We use this ontology to annotate schemas, allowing us to generate declarative mappings that transform (relational) data into RDF driven by the annotations. We furthermore demonstrate how we can create compliant datasets by altering the results of the mapping. The use of RDF and OWL allows us to implement the entire process in a declarative manner using SPARQL. We have integrated all components in a service that furthermore captures provenance information for each step, further contributing to the transparency that is needed towards facilitating compliance verification. We demonstrate the approach with a synthetic dataset simulating users (re-)giving, withdrawing, and rejecting their consent on data processing purposes of systems. In summary, it is argued that the approach facilitates transparency and compliance verification from the start, reducing the need for posthoc compliance analysis common in the state-of-the-art.
Managers as Moral Leaders: Moral Identity Processes in the Context of Work
Authors: Huhtala Mari , Fadjukoff Päivi , Kroger Jane 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis qualitative study explores how business leaders narrate their personal ways of recognizing, reasoning, and resolving moral conflicts and what these stories reveal about their moral identity processes within organizational contexts. Based on interviews with 25 business leaders, 4 moral identity statuses were identified: achievement (commitment to a personally meaningful moral value framework that had been established through a period of self-exploration), moratorium (self-exploration of one’s moral value framework that was ongoing), foreclosure (commitment to a given moral value framework that was present with little or no personal self-exploration), and diffusion (neither clear commitment to nor exploration of a personal moral value framework was present). The moral identity statuses were based on how leaders approached and interpreted moral conflicts and what the influence of the organizational context was in their moral decision-making processes. Some remained steadfast in adhering to their previous value commitments, while others tried to avoid taking any clear moral standpoint. Still others experienced moral conflicts as disequilibrating events that triggered reflective processes and developmental cycles of moral identity change. These moral identity statuses hold implications for facilitating moral identity development among business leaders in the context of work.
Synthesis and characterization of semi-permeable graphene/graphene oxide membranes for water desalination
Authors: Romaniak Grzegorz , Dybowski Konrad , Jeziorna Agata , Kula Piotr , Kaźmierczak Tomasz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present novel semi-permeable graphene-based membranes. Composite filters were designed and fabricated on polysulfone porous scaffolding using combinations of polycrystalline large-area High Strength Metallurgical Graphene (HSMG®), graphene oxide, hydrazine and an in-situ interfacial polymerized polyamide. The naturally occurring defects in HSMG® (which were tenths of a nanometer) were the clue in fabricating a filtering membrane. The performance of graphene membranes was evaluated in forward osmosis test. The prepared composites were proved to be semi-permeable membranes with great ions blocking efficiency (over 95%) and water flux only one order of magnitude lower than the commercial reverse osmosis membranes. The experiments’ results demonstrated that the solutions proposed in this work indicate that graphene-based membranes can be used in water treatment technology.
The effect of hedgerow density on habitat quality distorts species-area relationships and the analysis of extinction debts in hedgerows
Authors: Litza Kathrin , Diekmann Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Context
Hedgerows are highly important for maintaining the biodiversity in deforested landscapes. Especially for habitat specialists such as several forest plants they can provide important refuge habitats.

Objectives
This study aims to examine whether there is an extinction debt for forest plants in hedgerows.

Methods
In a study area in Northern Germany that had lost 47% of the hedgerow network over the past 120 years, hedgerows were mapped for the presence of forest vascular plants. In a multi-model approach, we compared the explanatory power of present and historical landscape variables and habitat quality on diversity patterns.

Results
The change in landscape configuration had no effect on the species richness of forest plants in hedgerows, i.e. there was no sign of an extinction debt. The best explanatory variable was the hedgerow width with more species found in wider hedgerows. This demonstrates the importance of including local habitat variables in the study of extinction debt. For ancient woodland indicator species models including both the landscape configuration and habitat variables were superior to simple models. The best models included the historical distance to the nearest forest, suggesting an extinction debt. Counterintuitively, a high density of hedgerows had a negative influence on species richness, most likely because hedgerows are narrower in areas with higher densities due to land-saving measures by farmers. There was also a negative correlation between hedgerow density and the hedgerow proximity to forests.

Conclusions
The effects of important covariates may obscure species-area relationships and undermine extinction debt analyses.
A Newton multigrid framework for optimal control of fluid–structure interactions
Authors: Failer L. , Richter T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper we consider optimal control of nonlinear time-dependent fluid structure interactions. To determine a time-dependent control variable a BFGS algorithm is used, whereby gradient information is computed via a dual problem. To solve the resulting ill conditioned linear problems occurring in every time step of state and dual equation, we develop a highly efficient monolithic solver that is based on an approximated Newton scheme for the primal equation and a preconditioned Richardson iteration for the dual problem. The performance of the presented algorithms is tested for one 2d and one 3d example numerically.
Design of a Drug-Eluting Subcutaneous Implant of the Antiretroviral Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate
Authors: Simpson Solange M , Widanapathirana Lakmini , Su Jonathan T. , Sung Samuel , Watrous David , Qiu Jiang , Pearson Elizabeth , Evanoff Alex , Karunakaran Dipu , Chacon Jorge E. , Kiser Patrick F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Sexual transmission of HIV has been clinically proven to be preventable with a once-daily oral tablet; however, missed doses dramatically increase the risk of HIV infection. Long-acting subcutaneous implants do not allow the user to miss a dose. A desirable long-acting drug-eluting implant can deliver a constant amount of drug, adjust the delivered dose, and be readily manufactured. We present a long-acting, subcutaneous implant design composed of tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (TAF) pellets loaded in a sealed polyether urethane tube for the prevention of HIV transmission.

Methods
Implants were prepared with pressed drug pellets and extruded polyurethane tubing. In vitro release rate of implants using different pellet formulations, rate-controlling membranes, and geometries were measured.

Results
Tenofovir alafenamide release appeared to be governed by a pseudo-steady state and followed a mass transport model of release from a cylindrical drug reservoir. Implant seal integrity was tested and confirmed using mechanical testing. The inclusion of sodium chloride in the pellet increased the release rate and reduced initial lag. The release was sustained for 100 days.

Conclusions
The release rate of tenofovir alafenamide mechanistically varied with geometry and rate controlling membrane composition. The polyether urethane implant presented herein is modular and tunable to adjust the release rate and duration of the TAF release.
Key Success Factors for Regenerative Medicine in Acquired Heart Diseases
Authors: Hénon Philippe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStem cell therapy offers a breakthrough opportunity for the improvement of ischemic heart diseases. Numerous clinical trials and meta-analyses appear to confirm its positive but variable effects on heart function. Whereas these trials widely differed in design, cell type, source, and doses reinjected, cell injection route and timing, and type of cardiac disease, crucial key factors that may favour the success of cell therapy emerge from the review of their data. Various types of cell have been delivered. Injection of myoblasts does not improve heart function and is often responsible for severe ventricular arrythmia occurrence. Using bone marrow mononuclear cells is a misconception, as they are not stem cells but mainly a mix of various cells of hematopoietic lineages and stromal cells, only containing very low numbers of cells that have stem cell-like features; this likely explain the neutral results or at best the modest improvement in heart function reported after their injection. The true existence of cardiac stem cells now appears to be highly discredited, at least in adults. Mesenchymal stem cells do not repair the damaged myocardial tissue but attenuate post-infarction remodelling and contribute to revascularization of the hibernated zone surrounding the scar. CD34+stem cells - likely issued from pluripotent very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cells - emerge as the most convincing cell type, inducing structural and functional repair of the ischemic myocardial area, providing they can be delivered in large amounts via intra-myocardial rather than intra-coronary injection, and preferentially after myocardial infarct rather than chronic heart failure.
Nutrient Status of San Francisco Bay and Its Management Implications
Authors: Cloern James E. , Schraga Tara S. , Nejad Erica , Martin Charles 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNutrient enrichment has degraded many of the world’s estuaries by amplifying algal production, leading to hypoxia/anoxia, loss of vascular plants and fish/shellfish habitat, and expansion of harmful blooms (HABs). Policies to protect coastal waters from the effects of nutrient enrichment require information to determine if a water body is impaired by nutrients and if regulatory actions are required. We compiled information to inform these decisions for San Francisco Bay (SFB), an urban estuary where the best path toward nutrient management is not yet clear. Our results show that SFB has high nutrient loadings, primarily from municipal wastewater; there is potential for high algal production, but that production is not fully realized; and SFB is not impaired by hypoxia or recurrent HABs. However, our assessment includes reasons for concern: nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations higher than those in other estuaries impaired by nutrient pollution, chronic presences of multiple algal toxins, a recent increase of primary production, and projected future hydroclimatic conditions that could increase the magnitude and frequency of algal blooms. Policymakers thus face the challenge of determining the appropriate protective policy for SFB. We identify three crucial next steps for meeting this challenge: (1) new research to determine if algal toxins can be reduced through nutrient management, (2) establish management goals as numeric targets, and (3) determine the magnitude of nutrient load reduction required to meet those targets. Our case study illustrates how scientific information can be acquired and communicated to inform policymakers about the status of nutrient pollution, its risks, and strategies for minimizing those risks.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer
Authors: Arnold Christoph Reinhold , Mangesius Julian , Jäger Robert , Ganswindt Ute 
Published: April 2020

SummaryNeoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is a well-established standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer and has led to a remarkable improvement in local control. However, distant recurrences still pose a notable threat and local failure, albeit increasingly rare, can lead to unfavorable clinical situations. In this short review, we discuss three promising new strategies to improve rectal cancer treatment: total neoadjuvant therapy, short course radiotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Ovarian cancer surgery
Authors: Schwameis Richard , Paspalj Valentina , Kranawetter Marlene , Polterauer Stephan 
Published: April 2020

SummarySurgery is a cornerstone of treatment in patients with ovarian cancer. In primary disease, patients should be carefully selected to undergo either primary debulking surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery. The aim of every debulking surgery is complete tumour resection. Whilst thorough evaluation of the iliac and para-aortic lymph nodes is important, systematic lymphadenectomy may be omitted when lymph nodes seem unsuspicious. To date, surgical outcome seems to remain the most important prognostic factor in the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer and therefore patients should only be treated in high-volume centres that are able to perform complex multidisciplinary surgery. The role of debulking surgery in recurrent disease has yet to be defined.