bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daya Tumbuh Bibit Jeruk Keprok Perbanyakan Okulasi Menggunakan Jenis Batang Bawah dan Mata Tempel yang Berbeda
Authors: Mutakin Jenal 
Published: August 2020

Budidaya jeruk keprok pada umumnya menggunakan bibit yang berasal dari perbanyakan cara okulasi. Okulasi adalah salahsatu perbanyakan untuk meningkatkan mutu bibit dengan cara mempelkan mata tunas sebagai batang atas pada suatu irisan kulit pohon lain sebagai batang bawah, sehingga tumbuh bersatu menjadi tanaman baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya tumbuh bibit jeruk sistem perbanyakan okulasi pada batang bawah dan mata tempel yang berbeda. Percobaan dilaksanakan mulai Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2018 di Kecamatan Karangpawitan Kabupaten Garut Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terpisah (Split Plot) dengan 5 ulangan. Petak utama adalah batang bawah (B) yaitu: b1 = RL (Rough Lemon), b2 = JC (Japanese Citroen). Anak petak adalah mata tempel (M) yaitu: m1 = Garut 1, m2 = Terigas, m3 = Madura, m4 = Batu 55, dan m5 = Tejakula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi interaksi antara perlakuan batang bawah dan mata tempel terhadap daya tumbuh bibit jeruk okulasi, namun secara mandiri terjadi perbedaan yang nyata. Batang bawah JC (Japanese Citroen) berpengaruh terbaik terhadap tinggi tanaman pada umur 60 HST dan mata tempel Terigas, Madura, Batu 55, Tejakula berengaruh terbaik terhadap persentase tumbuh. Sedangkan pada parameter lainnya perlakuan batang bawah dan mata tempel tidak berpengaruh nyata.
Perencanaan Pengembangan Kawasan Kopi di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong, Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Murtiningrum Fery , Oktoyoki Hefri 
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Planning is important in carrying out an activity or activity, especially development activities. Planning is an effort in selecting and linking facts and making and using assumptions about the future by describing and formulating the activities needed to achieve the desired outcome (Susanto, 2016). Rejang Lebong Regency is one of the Regencies in Bengkulu Province that is included in the zone for the development of the Coffee Agribusiness area. Planning for the development of the coffee area was arranged by the Bengkulu Provincial Government. This study aims to examine the concepts related to coffee area development planning. The research method used is based on a literature review. From the results of the Literature study it was found that planning for the development of the coffee area in Rejang Lebong Regency should be carried out in accordance with considering the condition of the land, weather and climate of the region in Rejang Lebong Regency.. Abstrak: Perencanaan adalah hal yang penting dalam melakukan suatu kegiatan atau aktvitas , terutama aktivitas pembangunan. Perencanaan adalah suatu upaya dalam memilih dan menghubungkan fakta- fakta dan membuat serta menggunakan asumsi - asumsi mengenai masa yang akan datang dengan jalan menggambarkan dan merumuskan kegiatan - kegiatan yang diperlukan untuk mencapai hasil yang dinginkan (Susanto, 2016). Kabupaten Rejang Lebong adalah salah satu Kabupaten di Provinsi Bengkulu yang masuk di dalam zona untuk pengembangan kawasan agribisnis Kopi. Perencanaan untuk pengembangan kawasan kopi di susun oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep yang berkaitan dengan perencanaan pengembangan kawasan kopi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berdasarkan kajian literature. Dari Hasil studi Literatur di dapatkan bahwa perencanaan pengembangan kawasan kopi di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong sebaiknya dilakukan sesuai dengan mempertimbangkan kondiri lahan, cuaca dan iklim kawasan di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong.agar dapat menghasilkan produksi yang optimal.
Optimasi Pemanfaatan Pestisida Nabati Ramah Lingkungan sebagai Sistem Pertanian Berkelanjutan dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Gorontalo
Authors: Indrianti Merita Ayu 
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimasi pemanfaatan pestisida nabati ramah lingkungan sebagai sistem pertanian yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April - Agustus 2019 di Green House dan Kolam Terpal Laboratorium Lapangan Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo. Rancangan yang akan digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan empat faktor perlakuan yaitu pemberian filtrate eceng gondok, pemberian filtrate variasi dengan bahan nabati lainnya (perbandingan 1:1) dan terakhir tahap kontrol. Masing-masing filtrate bahan nabati selanjutnya digunakan pada penyemprotan pada seluruh bagian tanaman di waktu pagi hari. Analisis dalam penelitian menggunakan analis satu arah yang akan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pestisida nabati dari filtrat enceng gondok dan filtrat daun pepaya dapat digunakan untuk menekan intensitas serangan (%) vektor virus kuning keriting, kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci) yang menyerang tanaman cabai varietas Dewata F1, penggunaan filtrat campuran berupa filtrat enceng gondok dan filtrat daun pepaya dengan perbandingan 1 :1 efektif dalam mengurangi intensitas serangan kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci) pada tanaman cabai merah varietas Dewata F1 sebesar 82,34% namun produksi buahnya kurang memuaskan dan penggunaan filtrat enceng gondok dapat menaikkan produksi buah cabai merah vareitas Dewata F1 dengan menekan intensitas serangan kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci) sebesar 65,55%.
Adaptasi Padi Sawah (Oryza Sativa L.) terhadap Peningkatan Kelebihan Air sebagai Dampak Pemanasan Global
Authors: Shantiawan Putu , Suwardike Putu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Climate change as a result of global warming creates climate uncertainty (anomaly) in the form of excessive drought (El-Nino) and excessive rain (La Nina) which greatly affects the productivity of rice plants. Under normal conditions. Indonesia's rice production will decline to 65 million tons in 2050. But due to climate change, the decline in rice production can be even more drastic to reach 90 million tons or down by 38 per cent. Rice plants need around 2,500 litres of water to produce 1 kg of grain (rough rice). This water is filled from rainwater and/or irrigation water. La Nina can interfere with the growth and yield of rice plants because the plants suffer damage due to limited air exchange, both in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) which inhibits the process of photosynthesis and plant respiration. The level of growth disturbance and yield of rice due to excess water depends on the tolerance level of the variety, the level of inundation and the length of time of inundation. Physiologically the adaptation of lowland rice plants to excess water is classified as complex. Plants that produce PDC and ADH are more tolerant of inundation. Molecularly, plants that contain the Sub1 gene are more resistant to excess water.Keywords: flooding, global warming, climate change, rice, food Abstrak. Perubahan iklim (climate change) sebagai dampak pemanasan global menimbulkan ketidakpastian (anomali) iklim berupa kekeringan yang berlebihan (El-Nino) dan hujan yang berlebihan (La Nina) yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas tanaman padi. Dalam kondisi normal. produksi padi di Indonesia akan mengalami penurunan hingga 65 juta ton pada tahun 2050. Namun akibat perubahan iklim, penurunan produksi padi dapat lebih derastis hingga mencapai 90 juta ton atau turun hingga 38 persen. Tanaman padi membutuhkan sekitar 2.500 liter air untuk menghasilkan 1 kg butir gabah (rough rice). Air ini dipenuhi dari air hujan dan/atau air irigasi. La Nina dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi karena tanaman mengalami kerusakanakibat terbatasnya pertukaran udara, baik berupa karbondioksida (CO2) maupun oksigen (O2) yang menghambat proses fotosintesis dan respirasi tanaman. Tingkat gangguan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi akibat kelebihan air tergantung pada tingkat toleransi varietas, tingkat genangan dan lama waktu terjadinya genangan. Secara fisiologis adaptasi tanaman padi sawah terhadap kelebihan air tergolong kompleks. Tanaman yang menghasilkan PDC dan ADH lebih banyak lebih toleran terhadap genangan. Secara molekuler, tanaman yang mengandung gen Sub1 lebih tahan terhadap kelebihan air.Katakunci: penggenangan, pemanasan global, perubahan iklim, padi, pangan
Meeting the Challenge of COVID-19 in DHQ Orthopaedic Department
Authors: Rahman Obaid Ur , Qayyum Nayyur , Khan Afzal Aleem , Aslam Muhammad Ammar , Haider Syed Zohaib 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Not only that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought the world to a complete lockdown but also burdened healthcare systems across the world immensely.
Objective: In this paper, we discuss the different strategies we adopted in the Orthopaedics Department of District Head Quarter [DHQ] hospital Rawalpindi, during this ongoing pandemic and share our experience of successfully but cautiously providing orthopedic services to patients in a public hospital. We compare our workload and output of May 2020 [pandemic phase] to May 2019 [standard/normal phase].
Methodology: The Hospital policy was changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. We increased public awareness and reduced load in the OPD using different strategies. We postponed all elective cases; focusing our logistics and resources only on the patients in urgent need of surgical management. A minimum number of doctors and OTAs were allocated on each list. Inwards, the patient stay was reduced. As a standard PCR test for COVID-19 was expensive, we devised our screening through history, examination, and routine investigations.
Results: The average stay inwards was reduced from 6.4±4.6 days in May 2019 to 2.7±3.6 days in May 2020. The decrease in the stay was statistically significant (p=.0206) and was associated with a 24.4% increase in the number of total patient admissions in May 2020 (n=56) as compared to May 2019 (n=45). The number of surgeries performed month to month was very similar in normal and pandemic periods.
Our OPD patient attendance dropped from 200-250 patients per day in 2019 to 60-70 during the ongoing pandemic phase.
Conclusion: We believe that sharing experiences between health care actors allows us to develop an effective strategy to provide the very best care to our patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effect of COVID-19 on Clinical Spectrum of patients presenting to the Dermatology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rawalpindi
Authors: Sharif Shawana , Saleem Muhammad Amer , Nisar Nauman , Butt Abdul Quddus 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 has significantly decreased the influx of patients presenting with dermatologic diseases at hospitals due to lockdown and restrictions pertaining to stop the spread of COVID-19.
Objective: To describe the effect of changes of COVID-19 on the clinical spectrum of patients presenting in dermatology OPD at a tertiary care unit in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Method: A comparison of the census of the dermatology outpatient department of three corresponding months before and after COVID-19 was done. During the pandemic year (2020) a significant decrease in patients visiting the dermatology outpatient department was observed.
Results: This reduction was much more prominent for the extreme of ages i.e. children and elderly. Infections and infestations were the predominant causes of presentation of patients at our dermatology outpatient department in pre-COVID-19 as well as during the pandemic. Patients with serious dermatologic conditions (e.g., pemphigus vulgaris, erythroderma, and cellulitis), however, had significantly fewer visits during the pandemic as compared to Pre COVID-19 era. In contrast, patients suffering from eczema constituted a significantly higher rate of outpatient visits during the pandemic.
Conclusion: Patients with serious dermatologic conditions (e.g., pemphigus vulgaris, erythroderma, and cellulitis), had significantly fewer visits during the pandemic as compared to the Pre COVID-19 era. In contrast, patients suffering from eczema constituted a significantly higher rate of outpatient visits during the pandemic.
Non-Compliance with COVID-19 Screening in Pakistan
Authors: Taj Furqan Ali , Raza Muhammad Raheel , Naz Saima , Umar Muhammad , Hameed Aqsa 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: To quantify the non-complaint portion of the general public – not wanting to be screened for COVID-19 and find the reason for this non-compliance, in the general public of Rawalpindi Pakistan.
Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.
Place and Duration of Study: General public of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. From June 19, 2020, to June 21, 2020.
Methodology: A questionnaire was constructed based on a local study, it was injected to the accessible online population through Google Forms. Surveyors collected data from the illiterate population on printed proforma. A sample of 1108 was collected. IBM® SPSS® was used for data analysis. For categorical data, frequencies and percentages were calculated. A Chi-square test was applied for statistical significance.
Results: 45.3% of participants were females, 54.7% were males. 37.9% of participants were married and 62.1% were unmarried. 3.8% were illiterate, 40.4% were matriculated and 47.1% had education higher than intermediate. 38.3% was non-compliant population – didn’t want to get screened for COVID-19. 30.7% were non-compliant because of ‘fear of isolation/ quarantine with other COVID-19 patients, leading to worsening of disease’ followed by 26.9% who ‘don’t trust the reliability of the test’. Gender and Education level variables were statistically significant in determining non-compliance. Marital status was found non-significant.
Conclusion: A significant portion of the population i.e. 38.3% showed non-compliance with COVID-19 screening, which was statistically associated with gender and education level.
Comparison of effectiveness of various treatment strategies in COVID-19 patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Shehryar , Haider Ali , Yousaf Usama Ahmad , Laraib Warisha , Dildar Fatima , Hussain Hafiz Amjad 
Published: August 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to systematically review the effectiveness of various drugs and therapies by assessing already conducted studies on COVID-19 patients.
Methods: The eligibility criterion for this systematic review was to include the observational and experimental studies including case reports; conducted on the possible treatments of COVID-19. Only those studies were included that were written in the English language either published or unpublished from December 2019 to April 10, 2020. Quality of articles was assessed and flawed studies were excluded based on incomplete outcome data. Treatment strategies experimented on animals or those assessed through artificial intelligence were also excluded. The databases searched were PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and bioRxiv. The last date to search the databases was April 10, 2020.
Results: We selected 25 articles which include 12 case studies, 10 retrospective studies, one randomized controlled trial, one non-randomized Controlled trial, and one prospective observational study. Hydroxychloroquine proved to be effective in all three studies under consideration especially when it was used in a combination with azithromycin. Antivirals showed significant results in eleven out of sixteen studies. The remaining five studies showed antiviral therapy to be ineffective. Lopinavir/ritonavir did not show satisfactory results in most of the COVID-19 patients. Both of the studies regarding convalescent plasma therapy showed significant improvement in patients undergoing treatment. Two studies regarding treatment with immunoglobulins also showed good results. A study on the use of Mesenchymal stem cell transplant for treatment of COVID-19 patients also proved to be effective. Likewise, a study on the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine along with Western Medicine also showed good results. In patients of organ transplant, withdrawal of immunosuppressive drugs, and the use of methylprednisolone along with antivirals had shown significantly good results. Among all these therapeutic approaches we found convalescent plasma therapy to be most effective.
Conclusion: So far, a small number of studies have been conducted on the treatment of COVID-19 patients and most of them were conducted on the Chinese population. More randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment strategies at a broader level.
COVID-19 and Prophylactic Measures for HIV Children of Ratodero, Larkana
Authors: Hussain Irshad , Raza Muhammad Shahzad , Joyo Saleem Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Ratodero is Taluka of population 224,000 in the district Larkana of Sindh, Pakistan. In the HIV outbreak (2019), 1132 HIV patients were reported in the Ratodero, amongst them, 901 (80%) were children and the majority (735) below the age of 5 years.1 Larkana district is included among the cities where eight (8) COVID-19 carrier pilgrims from Iran were first confirmed as virus positive.2 Followed by community transmission in the area with the confirmation of the virus in the two individuals.3There was reported shortage of the personnel protection equipment (PPEs) for the Medical Professional engaged in the tests of the COVID-19 as well as the shortage of Kits, so less number of Covid-19 tests were conducted, therefore the actual number of Covid-19 positive can abruptly raise with the availability of Kits and PPEs.4 There is a complete lockdown in the area since last week of March 2020. There is one medical University with an affiliated hospital. Collaborative efforts of the University teaching hospital and the district administration have constituted a team of experts for necessary actions to combat with expected Corona-19 outbreak. In such circumstances of the existence of HIV in Ratodero as an alarm of threats for another health risk for the poor HIV children of Ratodero Larkana.
Dated 09 April 2020. there was a random selection of 20 such HIV children of Ratodero below the age 5, to have look on their physical health and to confirm the quantity/availability of ART (antiretroviral treatment) at their home. It was found that 30% of children were found physically weak. The confirmed average availability of remaining ART drugs was found available for use in the next 14 days. Generally, the children are the population of developing immunity (vulnerable age group) hence there can be increased risk if Co-Infection of Covid-19 if hits the Ratodero Taluika. Therefore the District of Larkana in general but the Taluka Ratodero, in particular, need special attention from the health administration.
Following preventive measures can be useful to prevent the spread of Covid-19 among the HIV children of Ratodero, Larkana.
Factors responsible for delay in provision of care to suspected COVID-19 patients presenting in surgical emergency and ways to combat it
Authors: Nawaz Tariq , Ayub Muhammad Waqas , Munir Faryal , Ali Qasim , Khan Atif , Anwar Muhammad Idrees 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Health care workers are found to be at three times greater risk of getting infected as compared to the general public. Scientists and doctors all over the world have agreed upon the use of PPE including gloves, masks, head covers, face shields, goggles, and jumpsuits in protection against COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted in the surgical emergency of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi over a period of 2 months and 21 days. Patients included all those who presented to surgical emergency with suspicion of being positive for COVID-19 and time taken by first-line health care workers in attending them. 157 patients were observed for this purpose and 23 first-line surgeons including general, orthopedic, and neurosurgeons were interviewed regarding their fears and concerns about contracting COVID-19 and infecting their families.
Results: It was observed that a surgeon took on an average of 10 minutes (+/-3 minutes) in wearing all the personal protective equipment and a total of 14minutes (+/- 5 minutes) in reaching a patient in the trauma room with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. This was in contrast to a patient presenting to a trauma room who had no respiratory symptoms or fever, in which case, the patient was seen within 3 minutes (+/- 2 minutes) of presentation to a surgical emergency. Out of 23 surgeons, 15 had reasonably aware of the disease while 7 were knowledgeable up to the mark. 17 surgeons were extremely fearful about contracting the disease and infecting their friends and families. 7 surgeons confessed to avoiding COVID-19 patients and 9 surgeons confessed that they commanded their junior surgeons to see suspected COVID-19 patients in the emergency room.
Conclusion: We concluded that delay in attending trauma patients suspected of being positive for COVID-19 was a worrisome problem that needed to be addressed. Numerous local and regional circumstances served as a factor for this delay, most important of which came out to be an inadequate provision of PPE, time consumed in collecting and wearing PPE, fear of the disease, and anxiety provoked due to this fear among surgeons.
Diagnostic value of HRCT-Thorax for pandemic COVID-19 pneumonia in Pakistan
Authors: Qureshi Abdul Rasheed , Akhtar Zaheer , Irfan Muhammad , Sajid Muhammad , Ashraf Zeeshan 
Published: August 2020

Background: In the scenario of, inadequate testing, the low sensitivity of the COVID-19-PCR test, limited availability of testing kits, and low detection rate, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of high-resolution computed tomography of chest (HRCT) for diagnosing pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.
Objective: To determine the diagnostic efficacy of HRCT thorax in Covid-19 pandemic pneumonia.
Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pulmonology–OPD of Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore-Pakistan from 01-04-2020 to 15-07-2020. 121 patients with dry cough, fever, and dyspnea of sudden onset were included while patients with Bronchial Asthma, ILD, Tuberculosis, Bronchiectasis, COPD, and overt heart failure were excluded. Patients were investigated with chest x-ray, HRCT, COVID-PCR, and hematological tests. HRCT films were evaluated by a qualified and experienced radiologist. Findings were summarized, organized and statistical analysis was done by using SPSS-26 software to make an inference.
Results: Five patients were diagnosed as non-covid. Out of 116-diagnosed covid-19 patients, 38(32.75%) showed sub-pleural consolidation, 19(16.37%) consolidation with air-bronchogram, 29(25.0%) crazy paving sign, one pleural effusion (0.86%) and 18 cases (15.51%) displayed reticulations. 11cases(9.48%) had isolated ground glass appearances, while all categories showed it to variable extent. 65 patients (56.03%) were PCR-positive while 51(43.96) patients with positive-HRCT findings for COVID-19 pneumonia had negative nasopharyngeal-PCR. HRCT-Thorax revealed sensitivity: 97.41 %, specificity: 80%, PPV: 99.12%, NPV: 57.14%, and diagnostic accuracy of 96.69% for COVID-19 pneumonia.
Conclusion: HRCT-Thorax, having high sensitivity and adequate specificity, can provide foundations for evidence-based early diagnosis and quantification of coronavirus pneumonia. It can be tremendously useful for decision making in PCR-negative patients and anticipating respiratory improvement or decline by serial scans.