bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear and Nonlinear Fiber Propagation of Partially Coherent Fields Exhibiting Temporal Correlations
Authors: Audo Frédéric , Rigneault Hervé , Finot Christophe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing an ultrafast photonic first‐order differentiator applied on a partially coherent field, the generation of two correlated temporal waveforms is reported and their correlation properties upon linear and nonlinear propagation along the two orthogonal polarization axes of a dispersive optical fiber are studied. Temporal correlations are maintained in linear propagation whereas Kerr nonlinearity generates anticorrelated temporal intensity patterns for both partially and uncorrelated fields. Experiments are in close agreement with the theoretical analysis.
A Diffusion‐‐Reaction Competition Mechanism to Tailor Lithium Deposition for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Ru , Yao Yu‐Xing , Yan Chong , Zhang Rui , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Zhang Qiang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium metal is recognized as one of the most promising anode materials owing to its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. Nonetheless, dendritic Li growth has dramatically hindered the practical applications of Li metal anodes. Realizing spherical Li deposition is an effective approach to avoid Li dendrite growth, but the mechanism of spherical deposition is unknown. Herein, a diffusion‐reaction competition mechanism is proposed to reveal the rationale of different Li deposition morphologies. By controlling the rate‐determining step (diffusion or reaction) of Li deposition, various Li deposition scenarios are realized, in which the diffusion‐controlled process tends to lead to dendritic Li deposition while the reaction‐controlled process leads to spherical Li deposition. This study sheds fresh light on the dendrite‐free Li metal anode and guides to achieve safe batteries to benefit future wireless and fossil‐fuel‐free world.
Trapping of Difluorocarbene by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir O. , Volodin Alexander D. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFrustrated Lewis pairs consisting of diphenylphosphino and boryl groups located at the ortho‐position can trap difluorocarbene affording stable zwitterionic adducts. The reaction can be reversed to release difluorocarbene at elevated temperatures.
Synthesis of Galactosyl‐Queuosine and Distribution of Hypermodified Q‐Nucleosides in Mouse Tissues
Authors: Thumbs Peter , Ensfelder Timm T. , Hillmeier Markus , Wagner Mirko , Heiss Matthias , Scheel Constanze , Schön Alexander , Müller Markus , Michalakis Stylianos , Kellner Stefanie , Carell Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractQueuosine (Q) is a hypermodified RNA nucleoside that is found in tRNAHis, tRNAAsn, tRNATyr, and tRNAAsp. It is located at the wobble position of the tRNA anticodon loop, where it can interact with U as well as C bases located at the respective position of the corresponding mRNA codons. In tRNATyr and tRNAAsp of higher eukaryotes, including humans, the Q base is for yet unknown reasons further modified by the addition of a galactose and a mannose sugar, respectively. The reason for this additional modification, and how the sugar modification is orchestrated with Q formation and insertion, is unknown. Here, we report a total synthesis of the hypermodified nucleoside galactosyl‐queuosine (galQ). The availability of the compound enabled us to study the absolute levels of the Q‐family nucleosides in six different organs of newborn and adult mice, and also in human cytosolic tRNA. Our synthesis now paves the way to a more detailed analysis of the biological function of the Q‐nucleoside family.
Organic Spherical Nucleic Acids for the Transport of a NIR‐II‐Emitting Dye Across the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Xiao Fan , Lin Lin , Chao Zhicong , Shao Chen , Chen Zhe , Wei Zixiang , Lu Jingxiong , Huang Yishun , Li Lanqing , Liu Quan , Liang Yongye , Tian Leilei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDNA nanotechnology plays an increasingly important role in the biomedical field; however, its application in the design of organic nanomaterials is underexplored. Herein, we report the use of DNA nanotechnology to transport a NIR‐II‐emitting nanofluorophore across the blood–brain barrier (BBB), facilitating non‐invasive imaging of brain tumors. Specifically, the DNA block copolymer, PS‐b‐DNA, is synthesized through a solid‐phase click reaction. We demonstrate that its self‐assembled structure shows exceptional cluster effects, among which BBB‐crossing is the most notable. Therefore, PS‐b‐DNA is utilized as an amphiphilic matrix to fabricate a NIR‐II nanofluorephore, which is applied in in vivo bioimaging. Accordingly, the NIR‐II fluorescence signal of the DNA‐based nanofluorophore localized at a glioblastoma is 3.8‐fold higher than the NIR‐II fluorescence signal of the PEG‐based counterpart. The notably increased imaging resolution will significantly benefit the further diagnosis and therapy of brain tumors.
DFT Comparison the Performance of Pd10Sn5 and Pd10Ag5 Electrocatalyst for Reduction of CO2
Authors: Han Yu , Zhang Zhijia , Guo Xinyi , Xing Minmin , Guo Ling 
Published: March 2020

CO2 electrocatalysis as a hydrocarbon is a promising means of achieving economical CO2‐mediated hydrogen energy cycling. Hydrocarbons are renewable hydrogen storage materials. The development of reliable metal alloy electrocatalysts is an urgent but challenging task associated with such systems, although there is still a lack of precise reaction mechanism design.In this study, the performance of Pd10Ag5 alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and Pd10Sn5 alloy nanoparticles (NPs) on the electrocatalytic reaction of CO2 was compare. The kinetic and density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the selectivity of the Pd‐based bimetallic catalyst to the C2 product is greater than that of C1, and the stability of Pd10Ag5 is better and less affected by the reaction environment. However, the catalytic performance of the Pd10Sn5 electrocatalyst in the liquid phase is the best. The insight obtained from the calculations is used to develop criteria for identifying new and improved catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Highly Porous NiCoSe4 Microspheres as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Xiaolian , Men Shuang , Zheng Hui , Qin Dong‐Dong , Kang Xiongwu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBinary transition metal selenides have been more promising than single transition metal selenides as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the controlled synthesis of transition metal selenides, especially those derived from metal‐organic‐frameworks with well‐controlled structure and morphology is still challenging. In this paper, highly porous NiCoSe4@NC composite microspheres were synthesized by simultaneous carbonization and selenization of a Ni−Co‐based metal‐organic framework (NiCo‐MOF) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy, X‐Ray diffraction, X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. The rationally engineered NiCoSe4@NC composite exhibits a capacity of 325 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, and 277.8 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1. Most importantly, the NiCoSe4@NC retains a capacity of 293 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1500 cycles, with a capacity decay rate of 0.025 % per cycle.
Vulnerabilität von Verkehrswasserbauwerken
Authors: Akkermann Jan , Weiler Simon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDer bautechnische Zustand der in die Jahre gekommenen Verkehrsinfrastruktur verlangt in Kombination mit Ressourcenknappheit nach einer Priorisierung von Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen. Im Rahmen der Sicherheitsforschung des Bundes untersucht das Verbundforschungsvorhaben PREVIEW die Auswirkung von Sicherheitsszenarien auf die Verkehrsströme und den Bevölkerungsschutz am westdeutschen Kanalnetz. Als relevantes Sicherheitsszenario hat sich hierbei der Instandsetzungsstau bei den Verkehrswasserbauwerken erwiesen. Deren Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit wird maßgeblich durch ihre Vulnerabilität hinsichtlich definierter Sicherheitsszenarien bestimmt. Für die Ermittlung der Vulnerabilität werden mehrdimensionale Fehlerbäume unter Berücksichtigung der Bauwerksrobustheit herangezogen. Die so ermittelte Ausfallwahrscheinlichkeit dient zusammen mit der Bauwerkskritikalität der Risikobetrachtung auf Bauwerksebene. Die Bauwerksergebnisse dienen als Grundlage für Resilienzuntersuchungen auf Kanalnetzebene.
Enzyme engineering: Reshaping the biocatalytic functions
Authors: Ali Misha , Ishqi Hassan Mubarak , Husain Qayyum 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEnzyme engineering is a powerful tool to fine‐tune the enzymes. It is a technique by which the stability, activity, and specificity of the enzymes can be altered. The characteristic properties of an enzyme can be amended by immobilization and protein engineering. Among them, protein engineering is the most promising, as in addition to amending the stability and activity, it is the only way to modulate the specificity and stereoselectivity of enzymes. The current review sheds light on protein engineering and the approaches applied for it on the basis of the degree of knowledge of structure and function of enzymes. Enzymes, which have been engineered are also discussed in detail and categorized on the basis of their respective applications. This will give a better insight into the revolutionary changes brought by protein engineering of enzymes in various industrial and environmental processes.
The power of sophistication: How service design cues help in service failures
Authors: Terres Mellina da Silva , Herter Márcia Maurer , Costa Pinto Diego , Mazzon José A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy analyzing three experimental studies, this research tests how and when sophisticated service environment designs (compared to modest service designs) can minimize consumers' negative emotions and increase repurchase intentions after a failure. Drawing on part‐list cueing literature, this research proposes that when a service failure occurs in a sophisticated (vs. modest) environment, consumers will rely on the sophisticated style of design as cues for service quality. We argue that sophisticated (vs. modest) service designs work as strong cues for quality that restrict the retrieval of negative information by consumers and can minimize the negative impacts of service failure, reducing consumers' negative emotions and increasing repurchase intentions. We further advance our theorizing by showing how choice failure consequences (i.e., the risk or consequence related to the service choice) moderate the effects via associative pathways of retrieval. The findings contribute to theory and practice by revealing how service designs can serve as cues to mitigate adverse consequences of service failure.
A step forward in predicting anterograde crossing success for infrapopliteal chronic total occlusions
Authors: Winscott John G. , Hillegass William B. 
Published: March 2020

Key Points
Forty to fifty percent of critical limb ischemia patients have infrainguinal chronic total occlusions, frequently below‐the‐knee.
With probabilities ranging from 21 to 90%, the Infrapop‐CTO Score presented here in CCI predicts the likelihood of anterograde crossing of infrapopliteal chronic total occlusions (CTO).
Based on cap morphology, occlusion length, calcification, and restenosis status, the score is easily assessed in the lab.
An unfavorable Infrapop‐CTO Score of 5 or 6, particularly coupled with convex proximal and distal caps (chronic total occlusion plaque [CTOP] Type IV), portends very low (21%) probability of successful anterograde crossing. An initial retrograde crossing strategy should be considered in these patients when technically feasible, followed by combined anterograde‐retrograde intervention.
Invasive imaging of myocardial infarction patients: Is less or more better?
Authors: Grines Cindy L. , Marshall John J. 
Published: March 2020

Key Points
Advanced intravascular imaging or fractional flow reserve in acute myocardial infarction patients may be safely performed and may be associated with clinical benefits.
Since this is a nonrandomized registry with too few numbers to adequately evaluate mortality, it is uncertain whether clinical outcomes are truly improved.
Adequately powered randomized trials using advanced imaging versus angiographic guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) would be helpful.
Rapid prediction of Apparent Amylose, total starch, and crude protein by near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy for foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
Authors: Zhang Haiying , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Feng , Zhao Fang , Li Xinru , Fan Guangyu , Zhao Zhihai , Guo Pingyi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe aim of this study was to construct near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) models to test the contents of apparent amylose, total starch, and crude protein for both foxtail millet grain and dehusked millet grain. The construction of models is based on chemical values and optimized spectral data of 111 core foxtail millet germplasm materials after analyzation of partial least square (PLS) method with cross‐validation.FindingsModel calibration showed that there was better fitting degree of dehusked millet grain than that of foxtail millet. The coefficient determination for calibration (Rc2) of former is >0.843, while that of latter is >0.823. The coefficient determination of prediction (Rp2) of each component ranged from 0.794 to 0.888 for foxtail millet grain and 0.833 to 0.970 for dehusked millet grain.ConclusionsThe constructed NIRS models of both samples can be used to rapidly test foxtail millet quality, and the nondestructive nature of foxtail millet grain‐based test (which maintains seed vigor) better meets the requirements of the breeding, although the accuracy needs to be further improved.Significance and noveltyThis study developed a rapid method to detect the main nutritional quality for foxtail millet using two different samples, which can be used in germplasm resource innovation and contribute to the acceleration of cereal breeding.
An unusual case of plasmablastic lymphoma presenting as dermatomyositis
Authors: Chee Ashlyn Rui Yin , Ng Teng Fong , Lam Stephanie Jin Ping , Wright Matthew , Leahy Michael F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report a rare case of aggressive plasmablastic lymphoma with an initial presentation of dermatomyositis. The challenges associated with the diagnosis and treatment approach are also highlighted in this case report.
VN/S Nanoclusters Encapsulated with Graphene via Zeta Potential Control: A Pomegranate‐Like Cathode for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries with Enhanced Rate Performance
Authors: Qu Long , Liu Pei , Tian Xiaolu , Shu Chengyong , Yi Yikun , Yang Pu , Wang Te , Fang Binren , Li Mingtao , Yang Bolun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA pomegranate‐like cathode, VN/S@G, is synthesized according to a simple principle of electrostatic attraction through a controllable Zeta potential method, establishing a hierarchical‐structured VN/S nanoclusters encapsuled with graphene nanosheets. Internal VN nanoparticles trap lithium polysulphides (LiPSs) and catalyse them transforming from long‐chain to short‐chain species; whereas the external cladding layers of graphene nanosheets confine the transformations in a nanoscale‐catalysis reactors. VN/S@G cathode exhibits excellent long‐cycling life at 2 C rate during the 2000 cycles, corresponding to 0.038 percent of capacity fade per cycle. According to in‐situ Raman and electrochemical impedance spectroscopies, VN catalyst accelerates chemical transformations of liquid‐state LiPSs to solid‐state Li2S2/Li2S and graphene intensifies Li+ diffusion behaviour. Improvement of electrochemical performance of the VN/S@G cathode depends on a coefficient of physical and chemical interactions between VN catalyst and LiPSs species.
Wavelength‐Dependent Singlet Oxygen Generation in Luminescent Lanthanide Complexes with a Pyridine‐Bis(Carboxamide)‐Terthiophene Sensitizer
Authors: Johnson Katherine R. , Vittardi Sebastian B. , Gracia‐Nava Manuel A. , Rack Jeffrey J. , de Bettencourt‐Dias Ana 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLanthanide ion (LnIII) complexes, [Ln(3Tcbx)2]3+ (LnIII=YbIII, NdIII, ErIII) are isolated with a new pyridine‐bis(carboxamide)‐based ligand with a 2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene pendant (3TCbx), and their resulting photophysical properties are explored. Upon excitation of the complexes at 490 nm, only LnIII emission is observed with efficiencies of 0.29 % at 976 nm for LnIII=YbIII and 0.16 % at 1053 nm for LnIII=NdIII. ErIII emission is observed but weak. Upon excitation at 400 nm, concurrent 1O2 formation is seen, with efficiencies of 11 % for the YbIII and NdIII complexes and 13 % for the ErIII complex. Owing to the concurrent generation of 1O2, as expected, the efficiency of metal‐centered emission decreases to 0.02 % for YbIII and 0.05 % for NdIII. The ability to control 1O2 generation through the excitation wavelength indicates that the incorporation of 2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene results in access to multiple sensitization pathways. These energy pathways are unraveled through transient absorption spectroscopy.
Reduced Arene Complexes of Scandium
Authors: Ghana Priyabrata , Hoffmann Alexander , Spaniol Thomas P. , Okuda Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlkali metal naphthalenide or anthracenide reacted with scandium(III) anilides [Sc(X){N(tBu)Xy}2(thf)] (X=N(tBu)Xy (1); X=Cl (2); Xy=C6H3‐3,5‐Me2) to give scandium complexes [M(thf)n][Sc{N(tBu)Xy}2(RA)] (M=Li–K; n=1–6; RA=C10H82− (3‐Naph‐K) and C14H102− (3‐Anth‐M)) containing a reduced arene ligand. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed the scandium(III) center bonded to the naphthalene dianion in a σ2:π‐coordination mode, whereas the anthracene dianion is symmetrically attached to the scandium(III) center in a σ2‐fashion. All compounds have been characterized by multinuclear, including 45Sc NMR spectroscopy. Quantum chemical calculations of these intensely colored arene complexes confirm scandium to be in the oxidation state +3. The intense absorptions observed in the UV/Vis spectra are due to ligand‐to‐metal charge transfers. Whereas nitriles underwent C−C coupling reaction with the reduced arene ligand, the reaction with one equivalent of [NEt3H][BPh4] led to the mono‐protonation of the reduced arene ligand.
Learning how planarization can affect dichroic patterns in polyfluorenes
Authors: Pietropaolo Adriana , Nakano Tamaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe circular dichroism spectra of a single chain of polyfluorene was predicted for a p‐twisted helix conformation and local planarized polymer sections in the presence and in the absence of thermal vibrations. Under thermal vibrations at 300 K, the planarized section of polyfluorene affords a red‐shifted positive dichroic band between 446 and 456 nm, preserving a degree of chirality. The S1 ← S0 excitation energy decreases from 3.29 eV, for the p‐twisted helix to 2.77 or 2.71 eV, for planarized sections with one or two coplanar twists, respectively. Thermal vibrations and intramolecular rotations eventually affect the circular dichroism spectrum patterns, where planarized bent conformers induce a positive band towards 450 nm.
Isobutane Dehydrogenation Assisted by CO2 over Silicalite‐1‐Supported ZnO Catalysts: Influence of Support Crystallite Size
Authors: Luo Yajun , Wei Chunling , Miao Changxi , Yue Yinghong , Hua Weiming , Gao Zi 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe ZnO catalysts supported on Silicalite‐1 zeolites with different crystallite sizes (0.08, 0.35, 1 and 1.7 μm, respectively) and 5% Zn were synthesized via an incipient wetness method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, SEM, TEM‐EDX, DRIFT spectra and NH3‐TPD, and their catalytic performance in isobutane dehydrogenation assisted by CO2 was investigated. The catalytic activity is strongly dependent on the crystallite size of Silicalite‐1 support. The ZnO/S‐1‐0.35 catalyst with ca. 0.35 μm crystallite size displays the highest activity, affording an initial isobutane conversion of 51.0% and 74.5% isobutene selectivity. This can be attributed to a higher amount of acid sites present on this catalyst as well as the largest amount of nest silanols possessed by the S‐1‐0.35 support.
Opposite effect of ablation on early/late‐phase thromboembolic incidence in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta‐analysis on more than 100 000 individuals
Authors: Liu Menghui , Wang Yuanping , Li Jie , Zhuang Xiaodong , Chen Xiaohong , Li Xiaohui , Liao Xinxue , Wang Lichun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for thromboembolic events, for which catheter ablation represents an effective therapy for rhythm control. Intuitively, ablation may reduce the incidence of thromboembolism, but data is quite limited.HypothesisCatheter ablation was associated with the fewer risk of thromboembolism compared with nonablation in patients with AF.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September 2019. Random‐effects model was used to estimate the risk ratios (RR) for the thromboembolic events between the ablation and nonablation groups.ResultsTwenty‐five studies (12 randomized controlled trials and 13 observational studies) with 104 687 participants were included. Pooled analysis suggested that ablation was associated with a 35% lower risk of total thromboembolic events compared to nonablation group (RR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.82; P = .0003). When separated into early‐phase (<30 days) and late‐phase (>30 days) events, ablation was associated with an increased early‐phase thromboembolism (RR = 1.96; 95% CI, 1.35‐2.83; P = .0004) but a decreased late‐phase thromboembolism (RR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63‐0.90; P = .002). Subgroup analysis according to different study types found similar results were found in observation studies, but not in RCT studies because the sample size was too small to be conclusive.ConclusionsIn patients with AF, catheter ablation was associated with a fewer risk of overall and late‐phase thromboembolism in comparison with nonablation. However, over the early postoperative period, catheter ablation was associated with the double higher risk of thromboembolic events.