bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial cells support osteogenesis in an in vitro vascularized bone model developed by 3D bioprinting
Authors: Chiesa Irene , De Maria Carmelo , Lapomarda Anna , Fortunato Gabriele Maria , Montemurro Francesca , Di Gesù Roberto , Tuan Rocky S , Vozzi Giovanni , Gottardi Riccardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Bone is a highly vascularized tissue, in which vascularization and mineralization are concurrent processes during skeletal development. Indeed, both components should be included in any reliable and adherent in vitro model platform for the study of bone physiology and pathogenesis of skeletal disorders. To this end, we developed an in vitro vascularized bone model, using a gelatin-nanohydroxyapatite (gel-nHA) three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted scaffold. First, we seeded human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the scaffold, which underwent osteogenic differentiation for 2 weeks. Then, we included lentiviral-GFP transfected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) within the 3D bioprinted scaffold macropores to form a capillary-like network during 2 more weeks of culture. We tested three experimental conditions: condition 1, bone constructs with HUVECs cultured in 1:1 osteogenic medium (OM): endothelial medium (EM); condition 2, bone constructs without HUVECs cultured in 1:1 OM:EM; condition 3: bone construct with HUVECs cultured in 1:1 growth medium:EM. All samples resulted in engineered bone matrix. In conditions 1 and 3, HUVECs formed tubular structures within the bone constructs, with the assembly of a complex capillary-like network visible by fluorescence microscopy in the live tissue and histology. CD31 immunostaining confirmed significant vascular lumen formation. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify osteogenic differentiation and endothelial response. Alkaline phosphatase and runt-related transcription factor 2 upregulation confirmed early osteogenic commitment of hMSCs. Even when OM was removed under condition 3, we observed clear osteogenesis, which was notably accompanied by upregulation of osteopontin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen type I. These findings indicate that we have successfully realized a bone model with robust vascularization in just 4 weeks of culture and we highlighted how the inclusion of endothelial cells more realistically supports osteogenesis. The approach reported here resulted in a biologically inspired in vitro model of bone vascularization, simulating de novo morphogenesis of capillary vessels occurring during tissue development.
Fluorophore photostability and saturation in the hotspot of DNA origami nanoantennas
Authors: Grabenhorst Lennart , Trofymchuk Kateryna , Steiner Florian , Glembockyte Viktorija , Tinnefeld Philip 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fluorescent dyes used for single-molecule spectroscopy can undergo millions of excitation-emission cycles before photobleaching. Due to the upconcentration of light in a plasmonic hotspot, the conditions for fluorescent dyes are even more demanding in DNA origami nanoantennas. Here, we briefly review the current state of fluorophore stabilization for single-molecule imaging and reveal additional factors relevant in the context of plasmonic fluorescence enhancement. We show that despite the improved photostability of single-molecule fluorophores by DNA origami nanoantennas, their performance in the intense electric fields in plasmonic hotspots is still limited by the underlying photophysical processes, such as formation of dim states and photoisomerization. These photophysical processes limit the photon count rates, increase heterogeneity and aggravate quantification of fluorescence enhancement factors. These factors also reduce the time resolution that can be achieved in biophysical single-molecule experiments. Finally, we show how the photophysics of a DNA hairpin assay with a fluorophore-quencher pair can be influenced by plasmonic DNA origami nanoantennas leading to implications for their use in fluorescence-based diagnostic assays. Especially, we show that such assays can produce false positive results by premature photobleaching of the dark quencher.
Investigation of tribological behavior of 20NiCrBSi-WC12Co coated brake disc by HVOF method
Authors: Kılıç Halil , Mısırlı Cenk 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In braking systems, which consist of dry sliding lining against a pearlitic cast-iron disc, disc wear has a significant impact on the overall wear rate. In this work, dynamometer tests were conducted to find out the friction and wear behaviour of 20NiCrBSi-WC12Co cermet coating accumulated on the cast-iron disc by High velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF) and the findings were compared with those of the uncoated disc. Braking tests of the coated and uncoated discs were performed on a full-scale brake dynamometer, which was designed in line with the SAE-J2430 Brake Effectiveness Procedure. Microhardness values, surface properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the discs were evaluated. As a result of these analyses, it was found out that cermet coating had a much higher microhardness and abrasion resistance with the combination of hard WC phase and mild Ni matrix compared to the conventional disc. The coated disc exhibited stable braking effectiveness with lower surface contact temperature. At the same time, this coating results in longer service life by reducing abrasive wear on the brake disc surface and a lower lining wear rate, reducing particle matter emissions to the environment.
Pyrrolic nitrogen-doped multiwall carbon nanotubes using ball-milled slag-SiC mixtures as a catalyst by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Vega-Díaz Sofía Magdalena , González Viviana Jehová , Morelos-Gómez Aarón , Tristán-López Ferdinando , Labrada-Delgado Gladis Judith , Rivera-Escoto Beatriz Adriana , Sánchez-Salas Roque , Cortés-López Alejandro Javier , Fajardo-Díaz Juan Luis , López-Urías Florentino , Terrones Mauricio , Muñoz-Sandoval Emilio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We demonstrated that the ball-milled slag-SiC mixture is an effective catalyst to grow pyrrolic nitrogen-doped multiwall carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) method. N-MWCNTs synthesized at 800 °C, 850 °C and 900 °C were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM characterizations revealed the presence of a bamboo-like structure, a typical feature of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. The presence of nitrogen was confirmed by the N1s XPS spectrum. Furthermore, a deconvolution of the N1s spectra revealed the presence of N-pyrrolic defects. This nitrogen functionality is investigated concerning the presence of silicon carbide material. Giant nanotubes with large diameters were obtained when SiC was added to the slag to be used as a substrate for N-MWCNTs synthesis. From Raman spectroscopy, the appearance of the D-band was observed, indicating the presence of topological defects that were also observed by TEM. XRD and TEM characterizations demonstrated the presence of Fe3C and α-Fe nanoparticles. The N-MWCNTs fabricated here could be used into (electro)catalytic applications or for reinforcing ceramic nanomaterial or polymers.
Fabrication and characterization of coated Hastelloy C-276 Alloy by SDP technology
Authors: Wen Jia-Cheng , Wang Yi , Hao Shan-Peng , Feng Bei-Bei , Shaheen Kausar , Suo Hong-Li 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recently, much attention has been received by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) technology for the preparation of second-generation high temperature coated conductors. Surface roughness (Ra) for substrate material fabricated via IBAD route is required as less than 2 nm (5 μm × 5 μm). The aim of this current study is to reduce Ra as less than 2 nm, which is 20 nm for original tapes. Solution deposition planarization (SDP) technique was utilized in order to further improve the surface quality of polished Hastelloy C-276 alloy, for which maximum Ra value is usually greater than 5nm. The processing parameters and precursors, influencing Ra, crystallinity, morphology and film thickness were systematically investigated. Precursor solutions with different concentration were prepared by utilizing yttrium acetate as solute, ethanol as solvent, di-ethanolamine and ethylene triamine as additives. The average Ra < 2 nm and maximum Ra(max) < 5 nm (5 μm × 5 μm) was obtained after the heat treatment at 530 °C. The obtained results suggested SDP technique as an effective way to resolve the problem of surface roughness.
Highly sensitive determination of heavy metals in upland and lowland rice using AgNP/BiNP/MWCNT/nafion modified glassy carbon electrode via anodic stripping voltammetry
Authors: Palisoc Shirley T , Chua Royce Vincent M , Natividad Michelle T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It is of prime importance to determine the presence of trace heavy metals, especially cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) in rice to ensure food safety as it is the staple source of the daily caloric intake of Asians. This work utilized anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) for the determination of heavy metals due to its portability for in situ measurements. A glassy electrode modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNP), bismuth nanoparticles (BiNP), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Nafion was fabricated to serve as the working electrode. The morphology of the fabricated electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, its elemental composition was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy, its chemical bonds were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and its electrochemical behavior was measured via cyclic voltammetry. The electrode showed high stability at 50 continuous scans. The optimal deposition time, accumulation time and scan rate were determined to be 80 s, 60 s and 100 mV s−1, respectively. The detection limit for Cd2+ and Pb2+ were determined to be 25.12 ppb and 20.55 ppb, respectively. Rice samples were analyzed and the transfer factor of the heavy metals were determined at each isolated part. The ASV results were validated with atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Uniqueness of positive radial solutions for a class of infinite semipositone 𝑝-Laplacian problems in a ball
Authors: Chu K. , Hai D. , Shivaji R. 
Published: January 2020

We prove uniqueness of positive radial solutions to the

p
p

-Laplacian problem

{

−

Δ

p

u
=
λ
f
(
u
)
in
Ω
,

u
=
0
on
∂
Ω
,

\begin{equation*} \left \{ \begin {array}{c} -\Delta _{p}u=\lambda f(u)\text { in }\Omega , \\ u=0\text { on }\partial \Omega , \end{array} \right . \end{equation*}

where

Δ

p

u
=
div
⁡
(

|

∇
u

|

p
−
2

∇
u
)
,
p
≥
2
,

Ω

\Delta _{p}u=\operatorname {div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u),p\geq 2,\ \Omega

is the open unit ball in

R

N

,
N
>
1
,

f
:
(
0
,
∞
)
→

R

R^{N}, N>1,\ f:(0,\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb {R}

is concave,

p
p

-sublinear at

∞
\infty

with infinite semipositone structure at

0
0

, and

λ
\lambda

is a large parameter.
Overexpression of Long Noncoding RNA Uc.187 Induces Preeclampsia-Like Symptoms in Pregnancy Rats
Authors: Huang Jin , Qian Yating , Cheng Qing , Yang Jing , Ding Hongjuan , Jia Ruizhe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
As a serious pregnancy-specific condition, preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy-specific condition characterized by insufficient trophoblastic invasion and shallow placental implantation. Long noncoding RNA uc.187, which is transcribed from an ultra-conserved region is highly expressed in the placental tissue of patients with PE, is associated with abnormal trophoblast invasion. Therefore, we aimed to further characterize the relationship between uc.187 and PE through in vitro experimental studies to find new targets to treat PE.

Methods
In this study, we constructed PE rat models induced by lipopolysaccharide, experimented with overexpressing uc.187 and performed experiments using HTR-8/SVneo cells.

Results
We found uc.187 was elevated in the placenta of PE rats. By injecting pregnant rats with a lentivirus containing the lncRNA uc.187, we successfully triggered maternal hypertension along with a series of symptoms similar to PE in humans. In vitro experiments demonstrated that high levels of uc.187 lead to decreased trophoblast invasion. In addition, our results revealed that uc.187 had high expression in PE and fetal growth restricted cells, but low expression in placental site trophoblastic tumors compared with the control groups. Results of western blot and cell immunofluorescence indicated that the aberrant biological behavior of HTR-8/SVneo cells were related to the distribution of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus.

Conclusions
Taken together, our study revealed that uc.187 was negatively correlated to trophoblastic cell invasion, and overexpression of uc.187 could induce PE-like symptoms in a pregnant rat model by affecting the distribution of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and nucleus.
Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A review focusing on exacerbations
Authors: Bollmeier Suzanne G , Hartmann Aaron P 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Exacerbations— acute worsening of COPD symptoms—can be mild to severe in nature. Increased healthcare resource use is common among patients with frequent exacerbations, and exacerbations are a major cause of the high 30-day hospital readmission rates associated with COPD.SummaryThis review provides a concise overview of the literature regarding the impact of COPD exacerbations on both the patient and the healthcare system, the recommendations for pharmacologic management of COPD, and the strategies employed to improve patient care and reduce hospitalizations and readmissions. COPD exacerbations significantly impact patients’ health-related quality of life and disease progression; healthcare costs associated with severe exacerbation-related hospitalization range from $7,000 to $39,200. Timely and appropriate maintenance pharmacotherapy, particularly dual bronchodilators for maximizing bronchodilation, can significantly reduce exacerbations in patients with COPD. Additionally, multidisciplinary disease-management programs include pulmonary rehabilitation, follow-up appointments, aftercare, inhaler training, and patient education that can reduce hospitalizations and readmissions for patients with COPD.ConclusionMaximizing bronchodilation by the appropriate use of maintenance therapy, together with multidisciplinary disease-management and patient education programs, offers opportunities to reduce exacerbations, hospitalizations, and readmissions for patients with COPD.
Enteral baclofen withdrawal managed with intravenous dexmedetomidine: A case report
Authors: Defayette Aubrey , Perrello Anna , Brewer Thomas , Picano John , Ahmed Saman 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Acute enteral baclofen withdrawal can be clinically severe if not identified and managed appropriately. Treatment of baclofen withdrawal includes supportive care and reinitiation of baclofen. There are limited pharmacotherapeutic interventions available to manage symptoms of acute enteral baclofen withdrawal, especially in nonintubated patients.

Summary
We describe a 61-year-old Caucasian male with a past medical history of chronic back pain and spinal stenosis who was admitted to the medical intensive care unit with confusion, insomnia, agitation, delirium, and auditory and visual hallucinations. For control of agitation, the patient was administered 10 mg of i.v. haloperidol, 1 mg of i.v. lorazepam, and 14 mg of i.v. midazolam, with minimal improvement noted; therefore, dexmedetomidine was initiated, which led to clinical resolution of his symptoms. Upon further investigation it was determined that the patient was taking approximately 10 baclofen 20-mg tablets a day. According to his pharmacy records, he had filled prescriptions for a total of 738 baclofen tablets in the previous 12 weeks. The patient’s presentation and sudden discontinuation of high-dose baclofen led to a diagnosis of baclofen withdrawal. Baclofen was subsequently restarted, and dexmedetomidine was weaned over 36 hours.

Conclusion
Dexmedetomidine controlled this patient’s agitation and delirium without suppressing his respiratory drive and should be considered for management of acute enteral baclofen withdrawal.
A Longitudinal Study of Advanced Learners’ Linguistic Development Before, During, and After Study Abroad
Authors: McManus Kevin , Mitchell Rosamond , Tracy-Ventura Nicole 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current study investigated advanced L2 learners’ linguistic development before, during, and after a nine-month stay abroad, the extent to which contextual changes (home-abroad-home) influenced the nature and magnitude of development, and the ways in which relationships among different linguistic elements changed over time. Participants were 56 university learners majoring in French (n = 29) and Spanish (n = 27), who spent an academic year abroad in the middle of a four-year BA degree programme. Oral data were collected six times over 21 months to trace development and change in complexity, accuracy, fluency, and lexis. Results showed ongoing improvements over time on most measures, including accuracy. Correlations indicated long-term relationships between fluency and vocabulary only and that accuracy–complexity relationships emerged in instructed home contexts only. These findings suggest that the affordances of home and abroad contexts can shape learners’ linguistic development and use differently. The role of pre-departure linguistic ability is discussed as critical to understanding the nature and extent of L2 linguistic development in study abroad.
Neurocognitive Functioning is Associated with Self-Reported and Performance-Based Treatment Management Abilities in People Living with HIV with Low Health Literacy
Authors: Fazeli Pariya L , Woods Steven Paul , Lambert Crystal Chapman , Waldrop-Valverde Drenna , Vance David E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
People living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk for poorer neurocognitive functioning and health literacy than uninfected persons, which are associated with worse medical outcomes. Aging research suggests that the effect of neurocognitive functioning on health outcomes may be more pronounced in those with low health literacy. We aimed to determine whether low health literacy might amplify the adverse effects of neurocognitive functioning on treatment management outcomes in 171 PLWH aged 40+.

Method
In this cross-sectional, observational study, participants completed a well-validated battery of neurocognitive, health literacy, and treatment management measures. A binary health literacy variable (low vs. adequate) was determined via established cut points on the well-validated health literacy tests. Treatment management outcomes included biomarkers of HIV (i.e., CD4 counts and viral load), self-management of HIV disease (i.e., self-reported medication adherence and self-efficacy for HIV disease management), and performance-based health-related decision-making.

Results
Forty-seven percent of the sample met the criteria for low health literacy. Multivariable regressions adjusting for clinicodemographic (e.g., race, socioeconomic status) covariates revealed significant interactions for self-efficacy for HIV disease management and health-related decision-making, such that neurocognitive functioning was associated with these outcomes among those with low, but not adequate health literacy.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that low health literacy may increase the vulnerability of PLWH to the adverse effects of neurocognitive impairment on health outcomes, or conversely that adequate health literacy may provide a buffer against the health risks associated neurocognitive impairment. Interventions targeting health literacy in PLWH may mitigate the effects of neurocognitive impairment on health outcomes.
Maternal curcumin supplementation ameliorates placental function and fetal growth in mice with intrauterine growth retardation†
Authors: Qi Lina , Jiang Jingle , Zhang Jingfei , Zhang Lili , Wang Tian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a serious reproductive problem in humans. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of daily maternal curcumin supplementation during pregnancy on placental function and fetal growth in a mouse model of IUGR fed the low-protein (LP) diet. Pregnant mice were divided into four groups: (1) normal protein (19% protein) diet (NP); (2) LP (8% protein) diet; (3) LP diet + 100 mg/kg curcumin (LPL); (4) LP diet +400 mg/kg curcumin (LPH). The results showed that the LP group decreased fetal weight, placental weight, placental efficiency, serum progesterone level, placental glutathione peroxidase activity activity, blood sinusoids area, and antioxidant gene expression of placenta. In addition, in comparison with the NP group, LP diet increased serum corticosterone level, placental malondialdehyde content, and apoptotic index. Daily curcumin administration decreased the placental apoptosis, while it increased placental efficiency, placental redox balance, blood sinusoids area, and antioxidant-related protein expression in fetal liver. The antioxidant gene expression of placenta and fetal liver was normalized to the NP level after curcumin administration. In conclusion, daily curcumin supplementation could improve maternal placental function and fetal growth in mice with IUGR.
Developmental programming: prenatal testosterone-induced epigenetic modulation and its effect on gene expression in sheep ovary†
Authors: Sinha Niharika , Roy Sambit , Huang Binbin , Wang Jianrong , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Sen Aritro 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Maternal perturbations or sub-optimal conditions during fetal development can predispose the offspring to diseases in adult life. Animal and human studies show that prenatal androgen excess may be an underlying cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) later in life. In women, PCOS is a common fertility disorder with comorbid metabolic dysfunction. Here, using a sheep model of PCOS phenotype, we elucidate the epigenetic changes induced by prenatal (30–90 day) testosterone (T) treatment and its effect on gene expression in fetal day 90 (D90) and adult year 2 (Y2) ovaries. RNA-seq study shows 65 and 99 differentially regulated genes in prenatal T-treated fetal and adult ovaries, respectively. Interestingly, there were no differences in gene inducing histone marks H3K27ac, H3K9ac, and H3K4me3 or in gene silencing marks, H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 in the fetal D90 ovaries of control and excess T-exposed fetuses. In contrast, except for H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, all the other histone marks were upregulated in the prenatal T-treated adult Y2 ovary. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies in adult Y2 ovaries established a direct relationship between the epigenetic modifications with the upregulated and downregulated genes obtained from RNA-seq. Results show increased gene inducing marks, H3K27ac and H3K9ac, on the promoter region of upregulated genes while gene silencing mark, H3K9me3, was also significantly increased on the downregulated genes. This study provides a mechanistic insight into prenatal T-induced developmental programming and its effect on ovarian gene expression that may contribute to reproductive dysfunction and development of PCOS in adult life.