bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metrics for the sustainable development goals: renewable energy and transportation
Authors: Buonocore Jonathan J. , Choma Ernani , Villavicencio Aleyda H. , Spengler John D. , Koehler Dinah A. , Evans John S. , Lelieveld Jos , Klop Piet , Sanchez-Pina Ramon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe private sector is interested in contributing to the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); however, they lack credible objective metrics to measure progress, which hinders making a case for financial investing toward the SDGs. A set of science-based metrics could allow corporations and interested investors to meaningfully align their actions with the SDGs in locations around the world where they can make the greatest positive impact. Using existing data on country-level electricity generation and land transportation, we develop a set of simple-to-implement and user-friendly metrics to evaluate the benefits that investments in renewable electricity generation and improvements in land transportation can make toward reducing CO2 and air pollutant emissions and the health impacts of air pollution. We then apply these metrics to a set of renewable electricity companies and find meaningful differences in their progress toward the SDGs on health, energy, and climate. We found that under half of the renewable energy companies in our dataset disclose country-level data on where equipment is being sold, and that there is substantial variability in the CO2 reductions and health benefits of renewable energy based on where these companies have installed capacity. There was not a close statistical relationship between country CO2 emissions rates and country health impact rates, indicating that these metrics cannot serve as good proxies for one another. Future improvements to this methodology should be to implement explicit tracking of air pollution from sources to the locations where it has eventual health impacts, updating the underlying dataset, and improving the degree of detail in emissions inventories. Application of this methodology across the renewable energy sector is limited by the availability of country-level data on where a company has renewable energy capacity installed. The methodology developed here can serve as a basis for better measurement of progress toward climate, energy, and health-related SDGs in financial investing and other applications.
Long-term in vivo microscopy of CAR T cell dynamics during eradication of CNS lymphoma in mice
Authors: Mulazzani Matthias , Fräßle Simon P. , von Mücke-Heim Iven , Langer Sigrid , Zhou Xiaolan , Ishikawa-Ankerhold Hellen , Leube Justin , Zhang Wenlong , Dötsch Sarah , Svec Mortimer , Rudelius Martina , Dreyling Martin , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Straube Andreas , Buchholz Veit R. , Busch Dirk H. , von Baumgarten Louisa 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a highly malignant brain tumor with limited treatment options. Here, we show that genetically engineered T cells, expressing a chimeric antigen receptor, thoroughly infiltrate these tumors in mice. Combining intravital 2-photon microscopy with chronic cranial windows, we were able to visualize their intratumoral proliferation and intracerebral persistence for up to 159 d, leading to the eradication of large, established PCNSL and to long-term survival.
Distinct effects of orexin receptor antagonist and GABA
A
agonist on sleep and physical/cognitive functions after forced awakening
Authors: Seol Jaehoon , Fujii Yuya , Park Insung , Suzuki Yoko , Kawana Fusae , Yajima Katsuhiko , Fukusumi Shoji , Okura Tomohiro , Satoh Makoto , Tokuyama Kumpei , Kokubo Toshio , Yanagisawa Masashi 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Insomnia is a common symptom representing an important health burden. Widely prescribed hypnotic agents enhance the function of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. The ability to arouse and respond to unexpected stimuli is a feature of normal sleep, and one of the concerns of this class of hypnotic agents is that patients may become physically and/or cognitively impaired while the drug is in effect. As a new approach for the treatment of insomnia, orexin receptor antagonists have been recently approved, which specifically inhibit the orexin-mediated wake-promoting system, supposedly without affecting the whole brain. We found that, compared with the GABA receptor agonist brotizolam, the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant induced less impairment in body balance after taking the medicine.
Solvent fluctuations in the solvation shell determine the activation barrier for crystal growth rates
Authors: Dighe Anish V. , Singh Meenesh R. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Solution crystallization is a widely used technique to grow crystalline materials such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, catalysts, semiconductors, and metal–organic frameworks. The highly probabilistic nature and complex molecular processes spanning multiple lengths and time scales have prevented full mechanistic understanding of crystallization processes for over a century. Here we show fluctuations in the solvation shell are key molecular events that explain and unify the empirical observations laid down since the inception of crystallization research. The activation barrier of the growth processes obtained from these molecular fluctuations can be used to estimate growth rates that show reasonable agreement with the experimental observations, hinting at the rise of additional and efficient strategies to control solution crystallization.
Multistable properties of human subthalamic nucleus neurons in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Chopek Jeremy W. , Hultborn Hans , Brownstone Robert M. 
Published: November 2019

Significance
Behaviors are realized through concerted activity in neural circuits. This activity results from a combination of neural connectivity and the properties of the involved neurons. By studying the activity of neurons in the human subthalamic nucleus during surgery for Parkinson’s disease, we report that these neurons have multiple stable states, and that brief electrical stimuli can lead to transitions between states. We thus suggest that these neurons function as finite state machines. The different states could influence the function of key motor circuits of the basal ganglia, and thus knowledge of these states in disease or in response to treatment could help to define new treatment strategies for people with movement disorders.
L2 Chinese learners’ pragmatic developmental patterns in data-driven instruction and computer-mediated communication (CMC)
Authors: Li Qiong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study examined second language (L2) Chinese learners’ developmental patterns of pragmatic competence in two computer-mediated communication (CMC) conditions: (1) CMC with data-driven instruction embedded in the course of CMC and (2) CMC without data-driven instruction. Learners’ pragmatic competence was operationalized as their ability to use a Chinese sentence final particle (SFP)neduring CMC with a native speaker partner. The study investigated: (1) whether learners (as a group) developed their use ofneover time in the two CMC conditions, and (2) how individual learners changed their use ofne(if any) in the two conditions. The quantitative analysis (token and type frequency ofne) revealed that CMC itself did not promote learners’ use ofne. However, it promoted learners’ production ofnewhen data-driven instruction was incorporated into CMC. Supporting the quantitative findings, the qualitative analysis showed that one learner in the CMC with data-driven instruction outperformed his counterpart in the CMC without data-driven instruction group in the diverse use ofne.
The linguistic landscape of multilingual picturebooks
Authors: Daly Nicola 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe often talk about ‘entering another world’ when we read a book. In this article it is argued that the way in which languages are presented in a picturebook can be seen as a linguistic landscape within the wider linguistic landscape of the world we are in. Previous studies of the linguistic landscape of bilingual picturebooks have shown that minority languages are afforded less space. In this article the linguistic landscape of 24 multilingual picturebooks from the Internationale Jugendbibliothek (Munich, Germany) are analysed. Findings show that languages given dominance in terms of order, size, and information mostly reflect the sociolinguistic setting in which these books are published, replicating power structures and potentially having negative implications for the ethnolinguistic vitality of minority language groups and their language maintenance or revitalisation. The potential effect on readers’ developing language attitudes is also explored.
Signs of resistance in the Asturian linguistic landscape
Authors: Sebastian Paul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A linguistic landscape analysis, grounded in the ideas of contestation and resistance (Blackwood, Lanza, & Woldemariam, 2016; Rubdy & Ben Said,
2015) and carried out using Scollon and Scollon’s (2003) concept of place
semiotics, was conducted in four cities located in the Asturias region of Northern Spain. The primary goals of the study were to
investigate and interpret the (in)visibility of Asturian, an endangered language spoken primarily in and around the capital city
of Oviedo. Distinct patterns on public signage involving font alterations, layering, and material selections indicate that the
linguistic landscape was being used as an asynchronous public forum between Asturian advocates and unseen actors. Drawing on
similar studies of deliberately modified linguistic landscapes (Gorter, Aiestaran, &
Cenoz, 2012; Tupas, 2015), this paper introduces the concept of the
asynchronously layered linguistic landscape in which evidence of contestation and resistance can be found in strategic
juxtapositions of sign materiality.
Chronic captivity stress in wild animals is highly species-specific
Authors: Fischer Clare Parker , Romero L Michael 
Published: November 2019

Lay summary:A review that compares changes in body mass, glucocorticoid and sympathetic responses, and reproductive and immune function, in wild animals recently introduced into captivity to their wild counterparts. Conclusion is that captivity can be a powerful chronic stressor that may be possible to mitigate, but the impact is highly species-specific.
Personalized monitoring of electrical remodelling during atrial fibrillation progression via remote transmissions from implantable devices
Authors: Lillo-Castellano José María , González-Ferrer Juan José , Marina-Breysse Manuel , Martínez-Ferrer José Bautista , Pérez-Álvarez Luisa , Alzueta Javier , Martínez Juan Gabriel , Rodríguez Aníbal , Rodríguez-Pérez Juan Carlos , Anguera Ignasi , Viñolas Xavier , García-Alberola Arcadio , Quintanilla Jorge G , Alfonso-Almazán José Manuel , García Javier , Borrego Luis , Cañadas-Godoy Victoria , Pérez-Castellano Nicasio , Pérez-Villacastín Julián , Jiménez-Díaz Javier , Jalife José , Filgueiras-Rama David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aims
Atrial electrical remodelling (AER) is a transitional period associated with the progression and long-term maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to study the progression of AER in individual patients with implantable devices and AF episodes.

Methods and results
Observational multicentre study (51 centres) including 4618 patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator +/−resynchronization therapy (ICD/CRT-D) and 352 patients (2 centres) with pacemakers (median follow-up: 3.4 years). Atrial activation rate (AAR) was quantified as the frequency of the dominant peak in the signal spectrum of AF episodes with atrial bipolar electrograms. Patients with complete progression of AER, from paroxysmal AF episodes to electrically remodelled persistent AF, were used to depict patient-specific AER slopes. A total of 34 712 AF tracings from 830 patients (87 with pacemakers) were suitable for the study. Complete progression of AER was documented in 216 patients (16 with pacemakers). Patients with persistent AF after completion of AER showed ∼30% faster AAR than patients with paroxysmal AF. The slope of AAR changes during AF progression revealed patient-specific patterns that correlated with the time-to-completion of AER (R2 = 0.85). Pacemaker patients were older than patients with ICD/CRT-Ds (78.3 vs. 67.2 year olds, respectively, P &lt; 0.001) and had a shorter median time-to-completion of AER (24.9 vs. 93.5 days, respectively, P = 0.016). Remote transmissions in patients with ICD/CRT-D devices enabled the estimation of the time-to-completion of AER using the predicted slope of AAR changes from initiation to completion of electrical remodelling (R2 = 0.45).

Conclusion
The AF progression shows patient-specific patterns of AER, which can be estimated using available remote-monitoring technology.
Analysis of the genomic expression profile in trisomy 18: insight into possible genes involved in the associated phenotypes
Authors: Albizua Igor , Chopra Pankaj , Sherman Stephanie L , Gambello Michael J , Warren Stephen T 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTrisomy 18, sometimes called Edwards syndrome, occurs in about 1 in 6000 live births and causes multiple birth defects in affected infants. The extra copy of chromosome 18 causes the altered expression of many genes and leads to severe skeletal, cardiovascular and neurological systems malformations as well as other medical problems. Due to the low rate of survival and the massive genetic imbalance, little research has been aimed at understanding the molecular consequences of trisomy 18 or considering potential therapeutic approaches. Our research is the first study to characterize whole-genome expression in fibroblast cells obtained from two patients with trisomy 18 and two matched controls, with follow-up expression confirmation studies on six independent controls. We show a detailed analysis of the most highly dysregulated genes on chromosome 18 and those genome-wide. The identified effector genes and the dysregulated downstream pathways provide hints of possible genotype–phenotype relationships to some of the most common symptoms observed in trisomy 18. We also provide a possible explanation for the sex-specific differences in survival, a unique characteristic of trisomy 18. Our analysis of genome-wide expression data moves us closer to understanding the molecular consequences of the second most common human autosomal trisomy of infants who survive to term. These insights might also translate to the understanding of the etiology of associated birth defects and medical conditions among those with trisomy 18.
The Disappeared Are Appearing: Murals that Recover Communal Memory
Authors: Bernardi Claudia 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT∞
Relatives of the disappeared during the last civic–military dictatorship in Argentina who were able to recover the human remains of their family members through the work of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team (Equipo Argentino de Antropología Forense, or EAAF), painted a mural in March 2014. ‘The Disappeared Are Appearing’ is a collaborative and community-based mural project designed, rendered and completed by the relatives of victims of state terror in Argentina. The participating family members of the disappeared had recovered the human remains of their beloved relatives through the tenacious and constant work of the EAAF, a nongovernmental, not-for-profit, scientific organization. It was established in 1984 to investigate the cases of at least 9,000 disappeared people in Argentina under the military government that ruled from 1976 to 1983.
Ready Species One: Exploring the Use of Augmented Reality to Enhance Systematic Biology with a Revision of Fijian Strumigenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Sarnat Eli M , Hita Garcia Francisco , Dudley Kenneth , Liu Cong , Fischer Georg , Economo Evan P 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdvances in technology are rapidly changing the way people transmit, view, and interact with information. These advances offer new opportunities for researchers to share scientific discoveries with each other and the general public as never before. The field of revisionary biology has audiences confined to small groups of specialists, but the core task of systematic biology—documenting the endless forms of nature—is particularly well suited to capitalize on innovations in the realm of virtual, mixed and augmented reality. Interactive three-dimensional (3D) digital models of biological specimens can help bridge barriers across scientific disciplines by circumventing technical jargon, and also promise to open exciting new vistas for public engagement. Here, we explore the potential of augmented reality for communicating the discovery of new species. As a test case, we revise a radiation of Strumigenys Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) miniature trap-jaw ants in Fiji. In addition to traditional revisionary elements, we present the augmented reality application ‘Insects3D’ built specifically for this study. The application runs on mobile devices and allows users to interact with X-ray microtomography-derived 3D specimen models and visualize 3D geographic distribution maps. We recognize 23 species in Fiji, including 6 new species: S. anorak n. sp., S. artemis n. sp., S. avatar n. sp., S. gunter n. sp., S. oasis n. sp., and S. parzival n. sp. This study demonstrates the potential of leveraging 3D data and technology for a more interactive systematic biology, and the need for research programs to develop robust and generalized tools to realize this potential.
Endogenous Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate in Postmortem Samples
Authors: Ha Helen H , Mata Dani C , Vargas Jay R 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a naturally occurring molecule present in the human body as a catabolite of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA). In the USA, GHB has a history of being manufactured illicitly and abused, with misguided proposed benefits for the body-building community and a persistent party drug with reported GHB overdoses occurring worldwide. The interpretation of GHB in postmortem biological fluids is complicated by the endogenous nature of the molecule. Analysis often requires more than one biological matrix to detect exogenous exposure, typically in urine. The analysis is further complicated by the endogenous de novo production of GHB in postmortem specimens. This work sought to examine the prevalence of endogenous GHB concentrations in postmortem toxicology samples from Orange County, CA, and to establish suitable in-house secondary matrices to confirm or rule out exogenous GHB exposure. A total of 348 postmortem heart blood samples were randomly selected and analyzed for GHB using liquid–liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring and GHB-d6 as an internal standard. Of the 348 cases analyzed, 39 cases resulted in positive GHB detection with the median concentration of 22.45 mg/L (10.4–62.16 mg/L). None of the positive samples had suspected GHB ingestion or usage from the case report. GHB concentrations were then examined in secondary matrices collected at autopsy from the positive cases that included (when available) peripheral blood, urine, vitreous humor, liver homogenate and brain homogenate. Within the secondary matrices, GHB levels in peripheral blood compared to that of heart blood, while liver homogenate levels were variable. Quantifiable GHB levels were not identified in vitreous humor and brain homogenate samples. Our findings reaffirm the importance of multi-matrix analysis in postmortem toxicology and further confirm the utility of vitreous humor and brain tissue to distinguish exogenous GHB exposure from endogenous production.
Evaluating Endogenous GHB Variation in Hair with a Synthetic Hair Matrix
Authors: Lloyd Erin W , Thomas Jennifer L , Donnelly Christopher C , Montgomery Madeline A , Karas Roman P , LeBeau Marc A , Miller Mark L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The variation in drug concentrations in human head hair from 22 donors was measured using a synthetic hair matrix (SMx™ hair). This matrix is being reported for the first time as a calibrator for an endogenous substance. In comparison to authentic hair or melanin, the synthetic hair provided a reliable batch-to-batch source of liquid matrix similar in composition to authentic hair, but without detectable concentrations of endogenous gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). Using the synthetic matrix for calibrator samples, validation of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantitative method for GHB in human head hair was completed. Validation included the evaluation of the following parameters: accuracy, precision, calibration model, carryover, interferences, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and processed sample stability. The method was valid over a range of 0.4–12 ng/mg, and its LOD and LOQ were both experimentally estimated to be 0.4 ng/mg. After validation, the variation in endogenous GHB concentrations across multiple donors and locations in the vertex posterior region of the human head were evaluated. Results for 11 non-GHB users showed minimal variability (average 3.0% RSD) across the vertex posterior for hair samples taken from three different areas. There was also low variability (average 1.8% RSD) in repeat samples taken from the same location for 11 other non-users. Endogenous GHB concentrations from the LOD/LOQ to 5.60 ng/mg were determined for the 22 donors using the synthetic hair as a calibrator. These results demonstrate the successful application of a synthetic hair matrix in the analysis of GHB in human hair.
Slope-to-optimal-solution-based evaluation of the hardness of travelling salesman problem instances
Authors: Cárdenas-Montes Miguel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe travelling salesman problem is one of the most popular problems in combinatorial optimization. It has been frequently used as a benchmark of the performance of evolutionary algorithms. For this reason, nowadays practitioners request new and more difficult instances of this problem. This leads to investigate how to evaluate the intrinsic difficulty of the instances and how to separate ease and difficult instances. By developing methodologies for separating easy- from difficult-to-solve instances, researchers can fairly test the performance of their combinatorial optimizers. In this work, a methodology for evaluating the difficulty of instances of the travelling salesman problem near the optimal solution is proposed. The question is if the fitness landscape near the optimal solution encodes enough information to separate instances in function of their intrinsic difficulty. This methodology is based on the use of a random walk to explore the closeness of the optimal solution. The optimal solution is modified by altering one connection between two cities at each step, at the same time that the fitness of the altered solution is evaluated. This permits evaluating the slope of the fitness landscape. Later, and using the previous information, the difficulty of the instance is evaluated with random forests and artificial neural networks. In this work, this methodology is confronted with a wide set of instances. As a consequence, a methodology to separate the instances of the travelling salesman problem by their degree of difficulty is proposed and evaluated.