bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pathogenicity of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> on <i>Diatraea centrella</i> Larva of Sugarcane in Guyana
Authors: Sukhu Basantie , Subramanian Gomathinayagam , Ansari Abdullah 
Published: December 2019

Sugarcane is a highly beneficial crop grown worldwide and is greatly influenced by numerous insect pests. These insect pests have adapted to the diversity of conditions under which sugarcane is grown thus causing a great degree of damage to the crop. These insect pests feed on different parts of the sugarcane. For instance, the early shoot borer attacks the cane before internode formation, while the internode borer feeds after internode formation, the foliar pest feeds on the leaves and some would feed on the rootstalks.Guyana has large areas of land which are free of agricultural chemicals and thus are suitable for organic farming. Organic farming is practiced in Guyana on a small scale. However, crops such as cocoa, pineapple and heart of palm have already been grown organically for export. Similarly, like organic farming, biological control of pests and diseases is also encouraged worldwide. Biological control in agriculture is a method of controlling pests such as insects, weeds and diseases by using natural enemies such as predators, parasites, herbivores, or any other natural mechanisms. In addition, like organic farming biological controls are also ecologically friendly and are very effective. Both approaches (organic farming and biological control) are significant since the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers would be eliminated, thus reducing health issues in the environment and of consumers.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â This research work is on the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana on the insect pest Diatraea centrella larva of sugarcane in Guyana. The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, is a promising control agent against many insect pests [1]. Beauveria bassiana is commonly found in soils worldwide and has a host range of over 700 insect species, including insects from the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. Â The research carried out focuses on the effect of Beauveria bassiana spores on Diatraea centrella larva and the rate at which these spores are effective, as well as the target site of infection of these spores on the larva.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The study conclusively proves that a higher number of Beauveria bassiana spores are more effective on Diatraea centrella larva in a short period of time and the dorsal, ventral and intestinal tissues of the Diatraea centrella larva are more susceptible to the spores of Beauveria bassiana.Â
Preparation of the Nano Crystalline Powder from Iraqi Sand using the Sol-gel Technology
Authors: Mahdi Adnan Meship 
Published: December 2019

In this search nano silica powder was prepared by the bond fracturing of silica â€“ oxygen using wet chemical method at PH 1-2Â and by eliminate all undesired oxides by using ultrasound bath , and separating the compound by centrifuge ,and washing the product with distilled water ,and by separating and calcining the product at different temperatures it Weill is trail product with particle size ( 40-50) nm ,thenÂ XRD and AFM was to evaluate the product
Hydrochemistry and Water Quality Indices of River Ose Water, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Talabi Abel O. 
Published: December 2019

Background Objective: River Ose has flowing water throughout the year that can serve for irrigation and domestic purposes. This study examined the hydrochemistry, water quality indices and coliform counts of River Ose Water, Nigeria with a view to ascertain its suitability for drinking and irrigation.Materials and Method: For this purpose, 15 water samples were collected along the flowing river channel and subjected to physico-chemical and e-coli determination using standard methods. Water quality index (WQI) and Irrigation parameters (Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Percentage sodium (%Na), Residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), Kellyâ€™s ratio (KR), Permeability index (PI) and Magnesium absorption ratio (MAR)) were calculated from the chemical data obtained from the analyses.Results: Results of the analyses revealed that pH (9.7 pHÂ of the water samples were of alkaline nature with all the water samples exceeding approved standard for drinking water. Drinking alkaline water may deactivate pepsin but it could lead to gastrointestinal problems and metabolic alkalosis. Electrical conductivity (ÂµS/cm), Total dissolved solids (mg/L) as well as Total hardness of all analyzed water samples fell in the category of fresh water. HCO3- and Cl- were the dominant anions while Na+ and K+ constitute the dominant cations in the water chemistry. The abundance of major ions revealed Na+> K+ >Mg2+>Ca2+ and HCO3->Cl->SO42->NO3- trend. The dominant hydrogeochemical facies was mixed Ca2+-Na+-HCO3- (93%) with few mixed Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl- (7%) while calculated WQI was 89.44. All samples tested positive to e-coli count ranging from 1.71*101 â€“ 8.100*103.Conclusion: The analyzed physico-chemical parameters in all River Ose water samples were well within approved desirable limits except for the pH. However, the water was not potable as all samples tested positive to e-coli counts. In addition, WQI calculation revealed that the water has very poor drinking quality. Sources of ions in the River were predominantly from rainfall and minor weathering from the bedrocks. Irrigation quality parameters (SAR, %Na, RSBC and KR) indicated that River Ose water was good for irrigation. However, applying the water on salt sensitive plants is not advisable as irrigation evaluation employing PI and MAR showed that the water was not suitable for irrigation.
Diet Health Education Effect on Elderly Behavior with Hypertension
Authors: Haryono Suratun , Krisanty Paula , Manurung Santa 
Published: December 2019

Hypertension is defined as a persistent blood pressure where the systolic pressure is above 140mmHg and the diastolic pressure is above 90 mmHg. Empowering patients by providing ongoing care services can create ongoing communication, building relationships between clients and service providers so that they will increase patients' confidence in overcoming problems. The visit of hypertensive patients has increased every month, health education about hypertension diet is generally carried out when the patient is diagnosed with hypertension and does not regularly monitor the implementation of the diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of the approach to sustainable nursing services through health education about diet to changes in blood pressure of hypertensive patients. The research method uses a quasi-experimental design pre-post test with the control group. The study population was 108 respondents, the sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 33 respondents for each intervention and control group. Patient characteristics data were taken using a questionnaire, while blood pressure data was carried out by blood pressure examination. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate analysis with paired t-test statistical test. The results showed that there was a significant influence on diet health education on changes in elderly behaviour.Â Â
Anthropometry based Predictive Equations for Estimating Nigerian Women Percentage Body Fat using Stable Isotope Technique as Reference
Authors: Ogbonna O. C. , Ojo J. O. , Oketayo O. O. , Fadupin G. T. 
Published: December 2019

The direct measurement of body composition using innovative non-or minimally-invasive technologies such as stable isotope technique, despite its reliability and precision remains a significant challenge. Â This study was designed to develop predictive equations for estimating the percentage body fat of Nigerian women using isotope dilution (ISD) or gold standard technique (as in IAEA procedure) as reference and validated by bioelectrical impedance technique.The percentage body fats (% BF) of 173 Nigerian women (aged 18-55 yrs) were estimated using isotope dilution (ISD) or gold standard technique (as in IAEA procedure) as reference and validated by bioelectrical impedance technique. The skinfold thicknesses (mm) such as biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and abdominal were measured using skinfold langre callipers while body circumferences such as forearm, wrist, waist, abdominal and hip were measured using standard tape rule and in accordance with WHO guidelines.Â The subjectsâ€™ percentage body fat (%BF) ranged from 8.0 to 48.5. Generally, at 0.01 level of significance (Using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), higher positive significant correlations were obtained between % BF by ISD and body circumferences (r=0.503-0.874) than skinfold thicknesses (r=0.503-0.739). Using forward selection regression procedure, three sex-specific based predictive equations for estimating %BF (incorporating subjectsâ€™ weight and body circumferences such as hip, abdominal and waist) were developed based on the subjectsâ€™ ethnic groups (Yoruba, Hausa and Ibos) with high R2 (0.853, 0.953 & 0.867) and low Pure errors (3.316, 2.791 & 2.324) respect. These equations provide easy way of measuring percentage body fat and are recommended for use in clinical or epidemiological settings in populations with similar ethnic background and in lieu of isotope dilution method.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Field Isolate of <i>Eimeria</i> Oocysts Immunization in Two Breeds of Chickens - Demystifying use of Coccidiosis Vaccines
Authors: Ngongeh Lucas Atehmengo , Nwaiwu Felix Ezuchukwu , Fakae Barineme Beke 
Published: December 2019

Immunization efficacy of a field isolate of unattenuated sporulated Eimeria oocysts in broiler and Nigerian indigenous chickens (NIC) was investigated. Both breeds of birds were grouped and inoculated with varying dose levels (750, 1500 and 3000) of the oocysts per bird. Â The immunizing infections were truncated with an anticoccidial drug following detection of patency evident by presence of Eimeria oocysts in the faeces of inoculated birds on day 4 of inoculation. Â Immunized birds were then given challenged infections of 10,000 oocysts of the same Eimeria isolate per bird and an additional group that did not receive the immunizing infections was also challenged with 10,000 oocysts to serve as the unimmunized-challenged control while another group remained as uninfected-unchallenged control. Â Immunized birds were found to be protected against the challenge infections evident by having significantly less severe gross lesion scores (0 to 1) in contrast to the unimmunized-challenged control birds (which had lesion scores of 2 to 4 and 1 to 2 in broiler and indigenous chickens respectively). Â The infection was more severe in broiler chickens in contrast to the indigenous chickens judged by more severe lesion scores and significantly higher oocysts counts in the broilers. Â Broilers also had significantly lower PCV (P < 0.05) in comparison to their indigenous counterparts. Â Infected birds generally suffered infections more in contrast to the uninfected control birds judged by the significantly higher body weights and PCV of the uninfected birds (P < 0.05). Â The results showed that the protection of birds against coccidiosis by immunization with the Eimeria isolate is feasible and this can therefore serve as a premise for the recommendation of immunization against coccidioisis in eastern Nigeria where the practice is extremely low or unknown by poultry farmers and hardly recommended to poultry producers by veterinarians and their allies in spite of the endemicty and severity of the disease in the area. Â All the dose levels tried in this study were protective with no obvious differences between the dose levels and we recommended the use of 750 oocysts of such isolates to minimize the risk clinical coccidiosis. Local isolates of Eimeria would also have the added advantage in that they are likely to contain multiple Eimeria species that could provide full protection against the entire spectrum of Eimeria that occur in the area.Â Â
Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption improvement of Bayah Natural Zeolite
Authors: Bayu Prasetyo Thomas Agus , Soegijono Bambang 
Published: December 2019

Hydrogen sulfide adsorption performance of sonicated natural zeolite in the Ferric chloride hexahydrate solution has been studied.Â In this research natural zeolite exposed with high intensity ultrasonic waves for 40 minutes, 80 minutes and 120 minutes. Qualitative analysis and characterization of modified zeolite carry out with X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, BET adsorption desorption, LAS particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy prior and after H2S adsorption.Â Natural zeolite phase are clipnotilolite and mordenite phase with 0.99%wt and 0.512 x 10-3 %wt respectively.Â By adding 5gr FeCl3.6H2O and ultrasonic exposure, zeolite chemical and physical properties such as chemical composition, particle size, surface area and pore radius are improved.Â Hydrogen sulfide %wt adsorption effectiveness showing that modified zeolite higher 70-117% comparing with unmodified zeolite.
Factors to Support a New Tech Start-up for Business Incubation
Authors: Klaasa Phattaramon , Thawesaengskulthai Natcha , Vaiyavuth Ronnakorn 
Published: December 2019

This study is aimed to analyse the factors to support a new tech start-up for business incubation.Â Literature review of business incubation support factors and tech start-up lifecycle were analyzed and summarized to derive a conceptual framework. The conceptual framework was subsequently corroborated on the basis of qualitative methodology by in-depth interviews with ten successful startups and confirm the support factor by five business incubation experts. We demean that the main supporting factors of a new tech start-up consist of innovation and entrepreneurship training, resources, networks, mentorship and business advice, and funding. Its factor play a different role in each stages of tech start-up lifecycle. We further argue that the networks and funding are essential service support for tech start-up in every stage of tech start-up lifecycle. Finally, we offer implication for managerial business incubator who can use the business incubation model as guidance for arranging an appropriate support service and program for tech start-ups potential, as well as for policymakers who can set the policy to support the business incubator.
Selection of Sustainable Redi Fishing Technology Unit in Buton Regency Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Hascaryo Iskandar Bahdad, Budi , Baskoro Mulyono S. , Imron M. 
Published: December 2019

Environmentally friendly fishing technology of unit of redi is needed in sustainable fisheries management. The purpose of this study was to determineÂ fishing technology unit of competitive and sustainable redi . Data collection was carried out from January to April 2018 inÂ Buton Regency, Â Southeast SulawesiÂ Province by usingÂ survey method. The analytical data method used was scoringÂ biological, technical and socioÂ economic aspects the fishing technology unit of redi. Results of research showed Â that combined analysis of biological, technical and socioe and economic aspects have the value of the VA fishing unit redi by H.Usman (12.981) was Â higher than the other ten fishing equipment of redi. Thus, the fishing unit redi by H.Usman was a selected fishing technology unit of redi competitive and sustainable in Buton Regency Southeast SulawesiÂ Province.Â
Egg Traits and Productive Performance of Isa-Brown Laying Hens Fed Garlic Supplemented Diets
Authors: Oladipo Kolawole Fajemilehin Samuel , Folake Alamuoye Oluwatoyin 
Published: December 2019

Â Â Â Â The effect of garlic supplementation on egg traits and productive performance of laying chickens have been widely studied but little information is available on the basis of strains while the issue of level of inclusion is an ongoing debate. This study investigated the effect of garlic supplementation on the productive performance and egg traits of Isa-brown, a specific strain of laying hen. Forty eight Isa Brown layers were randomly selected and allocated to four dietary treatments; each treatment had twelve layers consisting of three in a cage compartment and in four replicates. The treatments consisted a control, 0.5, 1 and 2 % garlic powder supplemented diets and fed to the layers for twelve weeks. Data were collected on growth parameters, egg traits and cholesterol contents. The dietary treatments significantly (p<0.05) reduced the body weight, feed intake, egg weight and hen-day egg production to the least values at the 2 % level of garlic powder inclusion but the feed efficiency was not affected. Garlic supplementation significantly (p<0.05) increased the albumen index, shell index, shell weight, Haugh unit and yolk cholesterol. The 1% garlic inclusion level gave the highest albumen index and Haugh unit while the highest shell index at 2 % garlic supplementation was due to significant (p<0.05) reduction in shell weight. Garlic significantly (p<0.05) decreased the egg yolk cholesterol but did not affect the yolk index and the yolk weight. Garlic supplementation in Isa Brown layersâ€™ diet should not exceed 1 % inclusion in order to avoid reduced productive performance and egg quality.
Decision Fusion based Person Identification System using Fingerprints and Facial Image with Template Matching
Authors: Hossain A. K. M. Akhtar 
Published: December 2019

In this research, it has been developed a prototype biometric system which integrates facial images and fingerprints. The system overcomes the limitations of face recognition systems as well as fingerprint recognition systems. The integrated prototype system operates in the identification mode with an admissible response time. The identity established by the system is more reliable than the identity established by a face recognition system. In addition, the proposed decision fusion scheme enables performance improvement by integrating multiple features with different confidence measures. Experimental results demonstrate that the system performs Â well. It meet up the response time as well as the accuracy requirements.
Connecting Graduate Students Across the World With Research Web-Conferences
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima Saado 
Published: December 2019

This article describes a series of training web-conferences in which graduate students majoring in linguistics in Australia, UK, USA and Saudi Arabia participated. The web-conferences aimed at developing graduate studentsâ€™ electronic searching skills in linguistics, to introduce them to latest trends and developments in linguistic research, and to communicate with expert linguists worldwide. They were initiated, organized and hosted by the Saudi Linguistsâ€™ Society (SAL) created a Saudi graduate student studying in the U.K. Since SAL has a limited budget, free web-conferencing software, such as PalTalk, Skype, How-to Geek and WEbex, were tried out. Â Graduate students could register in the web-conferences for free. SALâ€™s web-conferencing coordinator who was a graduate student in Australia invited the speakers, selected the web-conferencing theme, prepared the web-conference poster, announced them in the SAL website and on its Facebook page, scheduled them, and registered the participants. Steps in preparing for and conducting the training web-conferences are given. Participantsâ€™ views on the benefits and shortcomings of training web-conferences are reporte,and recommendations for conducting effective training web-conferences and for extending free web-conferencing and webinar tools to other educational settings in Saudi Arabia are given. In general, the participants found the training web-conferences cost-effective and beneficial.
A Methodical Approach in Critical Processes Optimization of New Scalable Package Semiconductor Device for ESD Applications
Authors: Sumagpang Antonio Jr. , Gomez Frederick Ray I. 
Published: December 2019

The technical paper presents a systematic approach to deal with a new product trend that will survive during assembly production ramp-up.Â The project was intended to determine the required process flow and platforms for high-density and high-complexity scalable device. Critical processes were shown and top reject contributor was addressed through methodological way by using statistical tools and in depth engineering analysis.The New Scalable Device is one of the newest and latest developed device in the plant, with main application as an Electrostatic Device (ESD) protection device. Â The device is considered high density as its 6â€ single wafer is equivalent to 400,000 units compared to conventional device consisting of only 1,000 units. Â Moreover, it is considered as a device with high complexity as state-of-the-art platforms were needed to satisfy its output process. Â The device has a very thin die and with the smallest total package dimension.Â The process of assembly manufacturing includes a step cutting method of wafers, compression molding, and in-strip testing, which are unlikely to be found on other semiconductor industries.Â Compared to the conventional and universal approach, complex errors and top reject contributor of identified critical processes were corrected and required process capability index was ultimately achieved.
Exploring the Preparedness of Ghanaians for Retirement and Ageing: A Case Study of the Cape Coast Metropolitan Area
Authors: Aboh Irene Korkoi , Ncama Busisiwe P. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction:Â There is evidence of the inability of older people in Nigeria, Ghana and other developing countries to sustain themselves through savings, assets or pensions. This situation highlights the minimal benefit of pensions, savings or assets as income sources for older people; old age very often brings poverty and disability.Â Methodology: A qualitative interpretive design informed the study. The study area was categorized into three distinct ecological areas namely urban, periurban and rural areas. Twenty interviews and three focus group discussions with 68 elderly persons were conducted in ten sub-districts in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. The forty-eight elderly individuals were put into groups of 8, 20 and 20 for the focus group discussions. Data was thematically analysed.Results: Four major themes and subthemes were identified to reflect the pertinent issue of exploring and defining the preparedness of people for their retirement and ageing. There was evidence that preparing for old age is not an active precedent for the people of Cape Coast and they still believe in the traditional system of caring where it is the sole responsibility of the family to care for its own aged members.Conclusion: It is evident that formal care is not practiced in Ghana and that the aged therefore find the idea bewildering. They want to experience this care, but existing norms expect the family members to single-handedly provide care for their aged.