bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Martyrs for Free Speech? Disentangling the Effects of Legal Prosecution of Anti-immigration Politicians on their Electoral Support
Authors: Jacobs Laura , van Spanje Joost 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeveral anti-immigration politicians in Europe have been prosecuted for hate speech; some of these trials were highly mediatized. To what extent, and how, does hate speech prosecution of anti-immigration politicians affect voting for their party? We address this question by an experiment (N = 372) using manipulated versions of a television news story about a politician of the Dutch Party Forum for Democracy (FvD). We go beyond prior studies by disentangling the mechanisms driving the electoral ramifications of hate speech prosecution, assessing the moderating role of multiculturalist attitudes separately and in combination with six mediators (anti-establishment attitudes, issue salience immigration, perceived party’s effectiveness and legitimacy, support for free speech, and perceived party visibility). Among voters who are positive toward multiculturalism, exposure to a news story about prosecution boosts support for free speech and perceived visibility and support for the FvD. Both aspects are positively related to voting for FvD. This improves our understanding of the mechanisms of hate speech prosecution, informing public debates of how to react to controversial speech by politicians.
Hydrocracking process of fuel oil using halloysite modified by different methods
Authors: Hasanova Aisha , Alizade Arzu , Ahmadova Rana , Mukhtarova Gulbaniz , Abbasov Vagif 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The presented article shows the studies of hydrocracking process of fuel oil with the purpose of obtaining light oil products (benzene and diesel fractions) from heavy oil residues (fuel oil), thus, deepening the refining of oil. The hydrocracking of fuel oil was conducted in the presence of halloysite modified with transition metals (Mo, Ni). Toward this end, halloysite was modified by two different methods—absorption and ion-exchange methods. It was shown that, at optimal conditions (430 °C, 4 MPa), 46.6% (wt.), 53.0% (wt.), 63.0% (wt.) and 83.0% (wt.) light oil products are obtained by the hydrocracking process of fuel oil carried out without catalyst, in the presence of unmodified halloysite, halloysite modified by absorption method and halloysite modified by ion-exchange method, respectively. The obtained benzene and diesel fractions after hydrorefining process can be added to fuels as components.
Effect of active and passive aeration on composting of household biodegradable wastes: a decentralized approach
Authors: Bhave Prashant P. , Kulkarni Bhargavi N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Present work aims at studying the influence of active (using external aerator) and passive (natural) aeration on composting of household biodegradable wastes.

Methods
To study the suitability of these reactors to household conditions, continuous loading was carried out for a period of 60 days. Both the reactors were loaded with cooked as well as raw vegetable and fruit waste. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, C/N ratio, moisture content, total organic content, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and seed-germination parameters such as Germination Index (GI) and Root Length Index (RLI) of the mulch were analyzed at different stages of the composting process.

Results
Results confirmed that, although both types of aeration seem to have performed well under continuous loading, the maturation period required for actively aerated reactor was 37.30% lesser than that of naturally aerated reactor.

Conclusion
Active aeration found to be more suitable to household conditions as odor and fly nuisance was relatively less.
Developmental patterns of sexual identity, romantic attraction, and sexual behavior among adolescents over three years
Authors: Stewart J.L. , Spivey Leigh A. , Widman Laura , Choukas‐Bradley Sophia , Prinstein Mitchell J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescents are heterogeneous in how they define and experience their sexual orientation, which can include specific identity labels, romantic attractions, and other‐ and/or same‐sex sexual behavior. These three components of sexual orientation are not always concordant, and studies suggest adolescents—particularly girls—are fluid in these dimensions of orientation over time. The current study examined: 1) fluidity in adolescent girls' and boys' self‐labeled identities and romantic attractions over time, and 2) patterns of adolescent girls' and boys’ self‐labeled identities and romantic attractions as they coincide with sexual behavior.MethodsSurveys were administered to adolescents in three low‐income high schools in the rural Southeastern U.S. at three yearly intervals (n = 744; Mage = 15.0; 54.3% girls; 48% White, 24% Hispanic/Latinx, 21% Black/African American). Participants reported their self‐labeled sexual identity and romantic attraction at each time point and their lifetime sexual behavior with girls and boys at year 3.ResultsResults revealed 26% of girls and 11% of boys reported fluidity in identity and 31% of girls and 10% of boys reported fluidity in attractions. At each time point, up to 20% of girls and 6% of boys reported a sexual minority identity label with concurrent same‐sex attraction; the majority of these participants also reported same‐sex behavior. Among heterosexual‐identified participants reporting some degree of same‐sex attraction at year 3, approximately 66% of girls and 10% of boys reported same‐sex behavior.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that many adolescents are nuanced and dynamic in how they identify and experience their developing sexualities.
Predictors for Low Frequencies of Patient-Physician Conversations Concerning Sexual Health at an Austrian University Hospital
Authors: Komlenac Nikola , Hochleitner Margarethe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionStudies concerning barriers to patient-physician conversations about sexual health or, specifically, sexual functioning fail to go beyond descriptive analyses of such barriers.AimTo identify barriers that predict the frequency of patient-physician conversations concerning sexual health or sexual functioning.MethodsAn online survey among physicians was conducted at an Austrian university hospital. Self-constructed questionnaires assessed physicians’ sociodemographic information, frequency of holding a discussion on sexual health or sexual dysfunctions with their patients, and self-perceived barriers to asking patients about sexual health. Stepwise logistic regression models determined barriers that predicted the frequency of patient-physician conversations concerning sexual health or sexual dysfunctions in everyday clinical practice.Main Outcome MeasureThe outcome variables in the structural equation models were frequency of patient-physician conversations concerning sexual health or sexual dysfunctions in everyday clinical practice.ResultsOne hundred two physicians (53.9% women, 46.1% men; mean age = 41.3 years; SD = 10.6) provided full responses. Of these physicians, 61.8% reported having a discussion on sexual health or sexual dysfunctions with their patients at least rarely in their everyday clinical practice. The barriers most influencing the frequency of such patient-physician conversations were not feeling responsible for this health issue and expecting the patient to initiate such a conversation. Fear of offending the patient and the physician’s own feelings of shame and discomfort were additional factors influencing the frequency of these patient-physician conversations.Clinical ImplicationsFuture physician training should address physicians’ responsibilities that include sexual health. Future physician training should also help physicians in overcoming fears of offending a patient, and one’s own feelings of shame and discomfort when addressing patients’ sexual health.Strengths & LimitationsThis study included physicians across a range of disciplines, who may encounter patients with sexual problems and with their treatments influence a patient’s sexual health and sexual functioning. However, the low response rate and the limited number of participants prevented generalization of findings.ConclusionsAt an Austrian university hospital, patient-physician conversations concerning sexual health are seldom part of a physician’s everyday clinical practice. Future training for physicians should focus on demonstrating the relevance of sexual health in the physician’s medical discipline and should tackle a physician’s feelings of shame or how to handle patients’ negative reactions during patient-physician conversations concerning sexual health.
The first report of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Banjar Hanaa , Al-Qahtani Hend , Yasin Waseem , Al-wgait Waad , Al-Amer Hanan , raja Rawia , Al-Nakhli Ali , Karkour Kawthar 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections have been increasingly reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have progressive deterioration in their pulmonary function.

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of MRSA infections in CF in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
This is a retrospective chart review conducted as part of the CF registry data from 1 January 2002 to 1 June 2016. All patients with confirmed CF of all age groups who had a respiratory culture positive for MRSA were included in the study.

Results:
Among 385 patients with CF who had respiratory samples, 43 (11%) were positive for MRSA at a mean age of 10.4 ± 7.2 years. Twenty-two patients out of the 43 (51%) were treated with different regimens: nasal Bactroban in 13/22 (59%); a combination of nasal Bactroban, oral vancomycin, and rifam- picin for 2 weeks in 5 patients (23%); Bactroban and linezolid in one patient (5%); and oral vancomycin and rifampicin in 3 patients (14%). Eight out of the 22 treated patients (36%) achieved MRSA eradication. Six out of the 22 treated (27%) had experienced MRSA recurrence within 3–6 months, and another 5/22 (23%) continued to have MRSA colonization up to 2–4 years of follow-up despite using a proper eradication protocol. Twelve out of the 43 (28%) patients with MRSA infection died.

Conclusion:
MRSA infection in our population with CF is common. Therefore, an eradication protocol should be instituted at an early stage to prevent chronic colonization. Children with persistent MRSA colonization have high morbidity and mortality rate.
Assessing surgical outcomes in boys with symptomatic urethral meatal stenosis and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)
Authors: Sawaqed Fadi , Al-Khitan Sayel , Suoub Mohammad , Tarabiah Obadah 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The study assesses the surgical outcomes in boys with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and symptomatic meatal urethral stenosis.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study was conducted from July 2014 till December 2015. Thirty-two boys (aged 4–12 years) with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms were examined for the presence of urethral meatus stenosis. The collected data were statistically analysed using Univariate and Multivariate analyses.

Results:
A significant improvement of urinary stream, urgency incontinence, urgency, and frequency were found after using an objective assessment tool with p-value ≤ 0.001. The assessment of surgical outcomes, following uncomplicated meatoplasty with objective noninvasive uroflowmetry, has been reported in the pediatric population.

Conclusion:
It highlighted the importance of urethral meatal stenosis diagnosis in boys with lower urinary tract symptoms. The novel contribution was made by assessing surgical outcomes following meatoplasty. However, further research is needed with larger sample cohorts.

Highlights:
C99 selectively accumulates in vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pulina Maria V. , Hopkins Maya , Haroutunian Vahram , Greengard Paul , Bustos Victor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe levels and distribution of amyloid deposits in the brain does not correlate well with Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Therefore, it is likely that amyloid precursor protein and its proteolytic fragments other than amyloid b (Ab) contribute to the onset of AD.MethodsWe developed a sensitive assay adapted to the detection of C99, the direct precursor of b‐amyloid. Three postmortem groups were studied: control with normal and stable cognition; patients with moderate AD, and individuals with severe AD. The amount of C99 and Aβ was quantified and correlated with the severity of AD.ResultsC99 accumulates in vulnerable neurons, and its levels correlate with the degree of cognitive impairment in patients suffering from AD. In contrast, Aβ levels are increased in both vulnerable and resistant brain areas.DiscussionThese results raise the possibility that C99, rather than Aβ plaques, is responsible for the death of nerve cells in AD.
Epidemiological study on Fournier syndrome in a tertiary hospital in Jundiaí-SP from October 2016 to October 2018†
Authors: Inácio Mariana Fernandes , Lima Renato Pierre , Neto Sebastião Rizzo , Lopes Felipe Andrade , Pantaroto Mário , de Sousa Alexandre Venâncio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroduction Fournier’s gangrene is a polymicrobial infection caused by aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, which determine a fast and progressive necrotizing fasciitis, compromising mainly the perineal region and the genital region, being able to evolve to sepsis, multiple organ failure and death. Treatment consists of early surgical diagnosis and debridement, associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Objective Compare the most prevalent epidemiological data of patients with Fournier's Syndrome with the data examined in the literature in order to evaluate the incidence in the analyzed service, treatment form and evolution of the patients with the disease.Materials and methods Observational transversal study from the medical records of patients diagnosed with the disease at the São Vicente de Paulo Charity Hospital in Jundiaí, SP, from October 2016 to October 2018.Results 23 patients with Fournier’s Syndrome, all included in the study, and were analyzed. The most prevalent epidemiological data on the disease, such as age, sex, association with other comorbidities, treatment performed, mortality and early surgical procedure, had obtained a similar data as compared as the medical literature that was in studied.Conclusion Despite the recognized severity of Fournier’s Syndrome, early diagnosis combined with extensive surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and measures and oxygen therapy when available are important measures to contain the rapid progression of the disease, thus decreasing its levels of mortality.
Nutritional status and consumption of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory foods by patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Dilly Rafaela dos Santos , Barretta Claiza , Matos Cristina Henschel , Piasecki Bárbara Tortato , Scolaro Bruno Lorenzo , Malluta Everson Fernando , Bobato Sueli , Specht Clarice Maria , de Mello Munique Kurtz , Kimura Matheus Copi , Miranda Clara Garcia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective Evaluation of nutritional status and consumption frequency of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food by patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Methods An observational study of the patients assisted by the interdisciplinary inflammatory bowel diseases ambulatory of UNIVALI-SC. The nutritional status of patients was evaluated and each patient was categorized according to his/her body max index and also through a research questionnaire of the individual social-economy situation, life habits, and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food consumption in a determinate period of time.
Results Out of the 65 patients, 57% had Crohn's disease and 43% had ulcerative colitis. According to the disease activity, 71% were in remission and 29% in activity. Of the sample, 57% were classified as overweight. It was not possible to correlate nutritional status and type of inflammatory bowel diseases, nutritional status and income or nutritional status and level of education. The most inflammatory foods were beef (65%) and coffee (60%), while the anti-inflammatory ones were garlic (75%), olive oil (54%), and sweet potatoes (23%). There was no association between the most consumed inflammatory and anti-inflammatory food and body max index.
Conclusion According to the results, most of the patients were overweight. The most commonly consumed inflammatory foods were beef and coffee and the anti-inflammatory ones were garlic, olive oil, and sweet potatoes.
Sexual Activity After Bariatric Surgery: A Prospective Monocentric Study Using the PISQ-IR Questionnaire
Authors: Treacy Patrick-Julien , Mazoyer Clementine , Falagario Ugo , Iannelli Antonio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Obesity can lead to pelvic floor disorders, interfering with women’s sexual life; Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire-International Urogynecology Association–Revised (PISQ-IR) is a new instrument to measure sexual life in women with pelvic floor disorders.

Aims
To assess the utility of using PISQ-IR in morbidly obese women undergoing bariatric surgery and to show the improvement of bariatric surgery on sexuality.

Methods
This prospective monocentric study included all women who underwent bariatric surgery from June 2016–May 2017. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was performed by 1 surgeon, and data were collected by 1 researcher. Demographics, medical history, number of deliveries, and type of bariatric surgery (SG or RYGB) were collected at baseline. At the 1-year follow-up consultation, postoperative complications, percentage of total body weight loss (TWL) and percentage excess weight loss were assessed. Questionnaires were given at baseline and at 1-year follow-up.

Main Outcome Measures
Postoperative complications and total weight loss were measured at the 1-year follow-up. Sexual activity, using the PISQ-IR, and pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, and anal incontinence, using the urinary symptom profile and PFDI (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory) 20, were compared before surgery and at 1-year follow-up.

Results
72 patients were included at baseline, 54 (75%) were considered for final analysis (30 RYGB and 24 SG), and 51 patients were considered for PISQ-IR. The mean preoperative body mass index was 41 ± 5.4 kg/m2, and mean age was 43 ± 11.8 years. Both procedures induced an important weight loss (mean TWL of 33%) and had a similar percentage of TWL for each procedure: 31 (15–46) for SG vs 34 (9–51) for RYGB. 9 patients (17 [6%]) became sexually active 1 year after surgery. For the sexually inactive population after 1 year, there was no differences in the PISQ-IR in the follow-up. When body mass index loss was &gt;13 kg/m2, a higher percentage of the sexually active population improved their different scores, and there were significant results for both global quality of life and desire (P = .026 and .046). The other questionnaires showed a significant decrease in urinary incontinence symptoms (P &lt; .001) associated with weight loss, whereas there was no difference in terms of pelvic organ prolapse or anal incontinence.

Conclusion
PISQ-IR is a useful instrument to measure sexual function regarding pelvic floor disorders. Bariatric surgery improves sexual activity in obese women 1 year after surgery.
A Comparison of Medical Comorbidities, Psychosocial, and Sexual Well-being in an Online Cross-Sectional Sample of Women Experiencing Persistent Genital Arousal Symptoms and a Control Group
Authors: Jackowich Robyn A. , Poirier Évéline , Pukall Caroline F. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is characterized by symptoms of distressing physiological sexual arousal (Persistent genital arousal [PGA] symptoms such as genital vasocongestion, sensitivity, or both) that occur in the absence of sexual desire. There continues to be a lack of systematic research on this condition. Little is known about the common medical comorbidities and psychological, sexual, or relationship well-being of individuals who experience PGA symptoms.

Aims
To compare these biopsychosocial factors in an age-matched sample of women with and without symptoms of PGA. A secondary aim was to examine what symptom factors (associated distress, symptom severity) and cognitive factors (eg, catastrophizing of vulvar sensations) were associated with psychosocial outcomes in women with symptoms of PGA.

Methods
Age-matched samples of women with (n = 72) and without (n = 72) symptoms of PGA completed a comprehensive online survey.

Main Outcome Measures
Participants self-reported their medical histories and completed validated measures of psychosocial functioning (depressive and anxiety symptoms, catastrophizing of vulvar sensations, sexual functioning and distress, and relationship functioning).

Results
Women with symptoms of PGAD reported significantly greater depressive and anxiety symptoms, sexual distress, and suicidal ideation, as well as significantly poorer relationship functioning than women without PGA symptoms. Catastrophizing of vulvar sensations was related to PGA symptom ratings (greater severity, distress) and psychosocial outcomes (greater depression, anxiety, and sexual distress).

Clinical Implications
The results of this study highlight medical and psychosocial difficulties associated with PGA symptoms, which should be assessed and addressed as essential components of treatment.

Strengths & Limitations
This study seeks to address the paucity of research on the well-being of women with PGA symptoms by undertaking a comparison of age-matched samples using validated questionnaires. This study is limited by its self-report, cross-sectional design.

Conclusion
PGA symptoms are associated with significant health and psychological difficulties. These results highlight the need for continued research in this area to improve identification and treatment for this population.