bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of He+ and Ga+ Voltage Contrast in N-wells
Authors: Johnson Gregory M. , Ferranti David , Notte John , Lewis Brett , Park Chris H. , Lundquist Ted , Niu Baohua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The examination of partially deprocessed ICs for well imaging has been investigated. First it has been shown [1] that Ga+ FIB imaging can readily and strongly highlight the N-well / P-well boundary in an IC as shown again here. Second, a model which only considers secondary electron creation and scattering [2] is confirmed to be sufficient for understanding these imaging effects. Heavy Ga doping provides no marked change in PVC (passive voltage contrast). Then comparisons in the same field of view between optimized He+ and Ga+ imaging, has shown that He+ provides much greater PVC contrast when looking through deep oxide, and much better resolution on shallow surfaces. The quantitative model Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) [3] was consulted and confirmed these expectations for resolution and depth superiority of the He+ beam. According to the SRIM, there may even be less damage from the He+ beam. Yet these known effects of Ga+ damage has not prevented its widespread use in semiconductor FA and process monitoring. Thus, the use of GFIS (Gas field ion source) He+ beam for voltage contrast and junction imaging warrants further exploration.
Efficient Fault Isolation and Failure Analysis Methods to Root Cause Defects in Microprocessors
Authors: Faraby Hasan , Deborde Tristan , von Haartman Martin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper analyzes the through-put time and output of fault isolation and failure analysis (FI/FA) flows on state-of-the-art microprocessors. An average reduction in through-put time of 40% was demonstrated with a shortened FI/FA flow while still maintaining a high success rate. The direct FA/nano-probing flow which was utilized by up to around 90% of the fail cases omitted the optical fault isolation step and instead expanded the use of plasma FIB, nano-probing and electrical isolation techniques (such as diagnosis tools). The end result is shorter through-put time and higher FI/FA volume which is important in order to achieve a faster production ramp. In the paper two cases studies are presented to demonstrate the new efficient FI/FA techniques.
Utilizing Delta IDDQ to Screen Cell Specific Defects for High Quality and Reliability Applications
Authors: Barbian Eric , Sanico Niel , Thiefain Julien , Koestner Andy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High quality and reliability are paramount for automotive and other high grade commercial applications. The implementation of scan testing including stuck-at, transition, IDDQ, bridging and cell-aware patterns have all been targeted at reducing the number of defective parts being shipped. These techniques are not always sufficient to achieve sub defective parts per million (DPPM) quality levels. This paper presents a recurring failure mechanism that was encountered on an automotive device and the subsequent efforts to expand upon existing testing methodologies to effectively screen the defective devices using a delta IDDQ method with specific logic inputs and outputs. In effect, this new testing becomes a cell-aware delta IDDQ targeting one specific input condition that was implemented in production with limited test time overhead.
Reflections on COVID-19
Authors: Frederick Marla , Telliel Yunus Doğan , Mellquist Lehto Heather 
Published: December 2020

COVID-19, Religious Markets, and the Black Church, Marla FrederickCan You See the Big Picture? COVID-19 and Telescoping Truth, Yunus Doğan TellielLearning from Religious Diasporas in Pandemic Times, Heather Mellquist Lehto
On Proving Parameterized Size Lower Bounds for Multilinear Algebraic Models
Authors: Ghosal Purnata , Raghavendra Rao B.V. 
Published: December 2020

We consider the problem of obtaining parameterized lower bounds for the size of arithmetic circuits computing polynomials with the degree of the polynomial as the parameter. We consider the following special classes of multilinear algebraic branching programs: 1) Read Once Oblivious Branching Programs (ROABPs), 2) Strict interval branching programs, 3) Sum of read once formulas with restricted ordering. We obtain parameterized lower bounds (i.e., nΩ( t( k)) lower bound for some function t of k) on the size of the above models computing a multilinear polynomial that can be computed by a depth four circuit of size g( k) n O(1) for some computable function g. Further, we obtain a parameterized separation between ROABPs and read-2 ABPs. This is obtained by constructing a degree k polynomial that can be computed by a read-2 ABP of small size such that the rank of the partial derivative matrix under any partition of the variables is large.
The development of elective discipline «Leadership in pharmacy» for training master of pharmacy, industrial pharmacy in Ukraine
Authors: Aliekperova N. V. 
Published: December 2020

The conditions of modern pharmaceutical market development require leadership at each level that lets not only respond rapidly and efficiently on the changes of the environment but initiate the necessary changes. Leaders as agents of changes can transform people’s values, to motivate and inspire, to form the vision of development of healthcare system and pharmaceutical sector taking into account the principles of system thinking for the provision of population with available, quality and safe pharmaceutical care and the improvement of their life.
The aim of the work is the development of an elective discipline «Leadership in Pharmacy» for training Master of Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy.
The literature review based on the data of international and foreign educational standards of higher pharmaceutical education, the current national educational standard, the experience of teaching subjects devoting to leadership in pharmacy both abroad and in Ukraine has been carried out. Such a scientific quantitative method as a survey has been used. 221 students from the School of Pharmacy at Bogomolets National Medical University have taken part in the survey.
The recommendations of the International Pharmaceutical Federation pay attention to the advisability of forming leadership competencies for pharmaceutical workers. The national standards of higher pharmaceutical education in the USA, Great Britain, Australia, Canada include a specific list of leadership competencies. The domestic standard of higher education for getting a Master’s degree in Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy includes certain general competencies based on the leadership. Some leadership skills are listed as special competencies and they are reflected in the discipline «Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing». However, a discipline aimed at the complex and systematic formation of leadership competencies is not presented in the working educational plan for training Masters in the field of knowledge «Healthcare» and specialty «Pharmacy». About 70% of the School of Pharmacy students at Bogomolets National Medical University think that the materials devoted to leadership «worth including» to the educational program and 28% of them notice that «rather worth including». According to the students’ opinions, the most interesting leadership topics are traits of leaders aimed at the success, leadership and team, the formation of leadership strategy – 76%, 72% і 70% respectively. The structure of the elective discipline «Leadership in Pharmacy» with an indication of the aim, list of topics, and the desired educational outcomes (competencies) has been presented.
The elective discipline «Leadership in Pharmacy» considering the formation of leadership skills at three successive levels, namely individual, team and organization has been developed. This discipline consists of the following modules: «Foundations of Leadership. Personal Leadership», «Leadership and Collaboration», «Leadership and Organizational Change».
Drug for contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination: new dimension in early diagnosis of angionephrosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease background
Authors: Borsukov A. V. , Gorbatenko O. A. , Venidiktova D. Yu. , Pulatova I. Z. 
Published: December 2020

Objective. To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the contrast-enhanced third-generation agent in the detection of angionephrosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease background.Materials and methods. 26 patients (9 men and 17 women; mean age 61.5 ± 4.3 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD were examined. All patients underwent complex diagnostics, including: quantitative ultrasound steatometry of the liver in the framework of combined elastography with visual and quantitative assessment of the attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic wave; ultrasound examination of the kidneys in B-mode with vascular diagnostics in the Doppler mapping mode. Also, all patients underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the kidneys with the contrast agent for the diagnosis of angionephrosclerosis.Results. The method of CEUS of the kidneys with patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD has sensitivity of 92.7 %, and accuracy of 90.4 %. Color Doppler mode has sensitivity of 66.5–81.4 %, and accuracy of 58.4–73.6 %.Conclusion. The ultrasound contrast agent may be used in the early diagnosis of angionephrosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD as a non-alternative imaging method with no radiation exposure and no nephrotoxicity.
Dual-Task Training Affect Cognitive and Physical Performances and Brain Oscillation Ratio of Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Parvin Elnaz , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Amani-Shalamzari Sadegh , Bayati Mahdi , Tazesh Behnaz 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of dual-task training on cognitive status, physical performance, and brain oscillation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Twenty-six AD patients were randomly assigned to two groups, the training group (TG) and control group (CG). TG executed progressive combined exercises with visual stimulation twice a week for 12 weeks. Training included muscle endurance, balance, flexibility, and aerobic exercises with eyes closed and opened. Brain oscillation on electroencephalography (EEG) and a series of physical, cognitive, and mental tests were taken before and post-intervention. There was a significant improvement after training protocol in cognitive function, particularly in short-term and working memory, attention, and executive function (p &lt; 0.01). Besides, there were substantial improvements in depression status (GDS scale), aerobic fitness (6 min walking), flexibility (chair sit and reach) functional ability (chair stand, timed up and go test), strength (knee extensions, preacher biceps curl, handgrip) in TG compared to CG. These signs of progress were associated with a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05) in the frequency of brain oscillation and a decrease in the theta/alpha ratio. In addition to physical performance, the regular combined training with visual stimulation improves brain health as indicated by improving cognitive function and reducing the theta/alpha ratio.Clinical Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) https://www.irct.ir/, identifier IRCT20190504043468N1—August 5, 2020.
Thymic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Analysis
Authors: Yang Xudong , Zhao Kejia , Li Chuan , Yang Yanbo , Guo Chenglin , Pu Yi , Liu Lunxu 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a rare neoplasm that has been sparsely cited in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine disease characteristics and prognostic factors of patients in a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) analysis.MethodsCases from 1990–2016 were retrieved from the SEER database and demographics, treatments, and survival outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThe TSCC accounted for 72.4% of the thymic carcinomas and 7.2% of thymic tumors. The 276 patients (165 men) selected for analysis had a median age of 65 (24–85) years, and 201 patients were diagnosed with Masaoka-Koga stage III/IV. The median survival of TSCC was 59 months with a 49.0% 5-year OS rate, a better prognosis than lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (32.1%) and undifferentiated carcinoma (33.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed the Masaoka-Koga stage (p = 0.003) and surgical types (complete resection, incomplete resection, and none; p &lt; 0.001) were determinants of survival. Complete resection had the best prognosis with a 72.7% 5-year OS rate. Chemotherapy was an independent protective factor (HR = 0.555, 95% CI 0.347–0.886; p = 0.014) though poor survival was showed in univariate analysis. And the survival benefit of chemotherapy was validated in PSM analysis (3-year OS rate was 77.7% with chemotherapy vs. 52.8% without chemotherapy; p = 0.014).ConclusionsTSCC was frequently diagnosed in older patients with advanced Masaoka-Koga stage and had more favorable survival than other subtypes of thymic carcinomas. Complete resection is the preferred treatment. Masaoka-Koga stage and chemotherapy had a strong association with prognosis.
Assessment of Healthcare Provider Workload in Neonatal Resuscitation
Authors: Zehnder Emily C. , Law Brenda H. Y. , Schmölzer Georg M. 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Human errors or protocol deviations during neonatal resuscitation are common. Excess workload has been proposed as a contributor to human error during medical tasks. We aim to characterize healthcare providers' perceived workload during neonatal resuscitation.Design: Perceived workload was measured using a multi-dimensional retrospective National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA TLX) survey. The NASA TLX collects data on mental, physical, and temporal demand, performance, effort, and frustration. Each section is rated independently by participants on a scale of 0–20 (0 being lowest and 20 being highest). The Raw-TLX score is a composite score of all dimensions and presented on a scale of 0–100. Healthcare providers complete a paper and pencil survey after attending delivery room resuscitations within 3 months.Setting: Level three neonatal intensive care unit at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada.Participants: All neonatal healthcare providers who attended deliveries.Exposure: Participation in the delivery room care of newborns.Measurement: Raw TLX scores as a measure of overall workload and scores for each dimension of workload.Main Results: During the study period, ~880 neonatal resuscitation events occurred, and a total of 204 surveys were completed. Healthcare providers completed one survey for 179 deliveries, two surveys for 20 deliveries, and three surveys for 5 deliveries. The mean (standard deviation) gestational age was 35 (5) weeks, and the median (interquartile range) birth weight was 2,690 (1,830–3,440) g. Interventions at delivery were (i) stimulation 149 (73%), suction 130 (64%), continuous positive airway pressure 120 (59%), positive pressure ventilation 105 (52%), intubation 33 (16%), chest compression 10 (5%), and epinephrine 4 (2%). The overall median (interquartile range) Raw-TLX was 34 (18–49). The scores varied by dimension with mental demand 10 (5–14), physical demand 4 (1–6), temporal demand 8 (3–14), performance 4 (2–6), effort 8 (4–13), and frustration 4 (1–10). Raw-TLX scores were higher when healthcare providers performed any intervention compared to no intervention [35 (22–49) vs. 8 (6–18), p = 0.0011]; intubation and no intubation was [55 (46–62) vs. 30 (17–46), p = 0.0001], and between performing chest compression vs. no chest compression [55 (49–64) vs. 33 (18–47), p = 0.001].Conclusion: Perceived workload of neonatal healthcare providers increases during higher acuity deliveries. Healthcare providers' workload during neonatal resuscitation can be measured using NASATLX and was inversely associated with 5-min Apgar score. Future studies assessing healthcare providers' perceived workload during neonatal resuscitation in different settings are warranted.
Psychological Aspects Associated With Fertility Preservation in Oncology: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Di Mattei Valentina Elisabetta , Perego Gaia , Rancoita Paola Maria Vittoria , Taranto Paola , Carnelli Letizia , Mangili Giorgia , Sarais Veronica , Bergamini Alice , Candiani Massimo 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveGonadotoxicity is considered one of the most distressing side effects of cancer treatment. Although fertility preservation can be a valid solution, it also involves a challenging process. A clear understanding of the features of women who decide to pursue fertility preservation after cancer diagnosis is missing. The purpose of the present study was therefore to analyze the personality profile of female patients referred to oncofertility prior to gonadotoxic treatment.MethodsFifty-two female cancer patients took part in the study. The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), the Response Evaluation Measure-71 (REM-71), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y Form (STAI-Y) were administered to examine personality characteristics, defense mechanisms, depression and anxiety symptoms.ResultsCompared with reference data of the Italian population, our sample reported significantly lower scores in Harm Avoidance and trait anxiety, and significantly higher levels of mature defense mechanisms. Most of the patients reported low scores in immature defense mechanisms, depression, and trait anxiety, and medium scores in state anxiety.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that these women display functional personality traits and defensive style, in association with low levels of depression and trait anxiety. These features may enable a proactive attitude to cancer and the ability to make long-term plans. This may favor psychological adjustment to cancer and a projection toward the future.
Generasi Milenial sebagai Pengguna Fintech: Dampaknya terhadap Literasi dan Inklusi Keuangan di Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti Sylviana Maya , Zakarias Rizaldi 
Published: December 2020

Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Keuangan menjadi dua hal yang sangat penting sejak Presiden Republik Indonesia periode 2004-20014 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono bersama dengan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) meresmikan Blue Print “Strategi Nasional Literasi Keuangan Indonesia” pada tahun 2013. Berdasarkan survei yang dilakukan oleh OJK, indeks literasi keuangan dan inklusi keuangan masyarakat Indonesia pada tahun 2013 sebesar 21,84% dan 59,74%. Indeks ini meningkat saat dilakukan survei tahun 2016, yaitu sebesar 29,7% dan 67,8% dan kembali naik pada tahun 2019, sebesar 38,03% dan 76,19%. Presiden Joko Widodo-pun menargetkan inklusi keuangan di Indonesia bisa mencapai 90 persen pada tahun 2024 mendatang. Fintech atau teknologi finansial di Indonesia mulai berkembang sejak tahun 2006 sebesar 7% dan meningkat signifikan menjadi 78% di tahun 2017. Hal ini yang mendasari peneliti untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari fintech terhadap literasi keuangan dan inklusi keuangan pada generasi milenial. Penelitian ini menggunakan simple weigth method yang dikembangkan oleh Sarma (2008). Dari 300 responden, indeks literasi keuangan berada di angka 65,31% dan inklusi keuangan menunjukkan angka 64,19%. Berdasarkan hasil regresi, aktivitas fintech seperti transaksional maupun keuangan informasional tidak memengaruhi literasi keuangan. Namun, masuknya tiga variabel demografi yang terkait dengan penggunaan teknologi keuangan menunjukkan bahwa usia dan jenis kelamin mempengaruhi literasi keuangan. Sedangkan aktivitas fintech berupa transaksional dan informatif, serta literasi keuangan mempengaruhi inklusi keuangan. Namun tidak halnya dengan tiga variabel demografis (usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan).
High-current recessed gate enhancement-mode ultrawide bandgap Al
x
Ga1−x
N channel MOSHFET with drain current 0.48 A mm−1 and threshold voltage +3.6 V
Authors: Mollah Shahab , Hussain Kamal , Mamun Abdullah , Gaevski Mikhail , Simin Grigory , Chandrashekhar MVS , Khan Asif 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report a recessed-gate enhancement-mode Al2O3-ZrO2/Al0.6Ga0.4N/Al0.4Ga0.6N metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistor (MOSHFET) with drain current as high as 0.48 A mm−1 at a gate-source voltage of +12 V. This was enabled by a pseudomorphic HFET structure with graded back barrier for strain management and to screen the growth interface from the channel. The device exhibited a threshold-voltage (V
TH) of 2.75 ± 0.57 V with absolute maximum V
TH = 3.6 V, a +12.2 V shift from that for a depletion-mode MOSHFET fabricated on the same wafer. A 3-terminal breakdown voltage of 700 V was measured in the off-state, showing the viability of E-mode UWBG AlGaN for power electronics.
Il voto per la Camera dei deputati negli otto Comuni dell’Isola d’Elba dal 1946 al 2008
Authors: Conforti Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

Economia, società e politica nell'Isola d'Elba
2 giugno 1946: inizio del predominio della DC
Le elezioni dal 1948 al 1958: nella crisi di agricoltura ed industria l'arrivo del turismo
1963-1976: nel perdurante predominio della DC la crescita del PCI
1979-1992: nel tramonto della Prima Repubblica il declino della DC e del PCI
Le elezioni della transizione (1994-2008): il netto prevalere del centro-destra
Polarizzazione del voto ed egemonia moderata nella storia elettorale dell'Isola d'Elba
La mère, le fils et la folie
Authors: Aït Mehdi Gina 
Published: December 2020

Khadija lives with her son, whose unpredictable mental disorders have brought profound, existential uncertainty into the life of this Nigerien family. With such chaotic circumstances confronting her, the mother puts great effort into recreating stability out of these turmoils, while not abandoning the hope for their disappearance of the latter. Beyond the practical and narrative (re)positioning of filial relationships reveals in Khadija’s accounts of her son’s illness, this article analyses how her endeavours keep the family together.
Europejski standard ochrony praw osób zatrzymanych w świetle nadużyć władzy przez funkcjonariuszy policji
Authors: Mróz Katarzyna 
Published: December 2020

Celem badawczym jest analiza granic proporcjonalności działań podejmowanych przez funkcjonariuszy policji w postępowaniu karnym przeciwko osobom zatrzymanym. Analizie poddano przypadki niewłaściwego traktowania osób zatrzymanych przez funkcjonariuszy policji oraz przesłuchiwanych na komisariatach policji. W badaniach podjęto próbę oszacowania liczby spraw, w których wszczęto postępowanie karne przeciwko funkcjonariuszom policji z art. 246 k.k. w związku z nieludzkim lub poniżającym traktowaniem. Autorka zamierza odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jaka jest skala nadużyć w działalności funkcjonariuszy policji oraz czy zasadne są zarzuty formułowane pod ich adresem przez osoby, wobec których podjęta została określona interwencja. Celem badań jest zweryfikowanie, czy obecnie istniejące systemy karnoprocesowe zabezpieczają w pełni obywateli przed naruszeniem ich prawa do wolności oraz słusznych interesów w wyniku działań organów procesowych. Założeniem autorki jest sprawdzenie, czy środki kontrolno-represyjne, podejmowane z myślą o wzmocnieniu bezpieczeństwa, implikują zagrożenie podstawowych praw człowieka poprzez nieproporcjonalnie duże możliwości wprowadzania restrykcji i ograniczeń wolności. Zakreślona w publikacji problematyka badawcza wpływa na wykorzystanie następujących metod badawczych: formalno-dogmatycznej, analizy treści oraz metody statystycznej.