bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Psychiatric Association policy paper on ethical aspects in communication with patients and their families
Authors: Carpiniello Bernardo , Wasserman Danuta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground.Establishing a valid communication is not only a basic clinical need to be met but also a relevant ethical commitment.Methods.On the basis of the relevant literature, ethical issues arising from specific, important situations in clinical practice were identified.Results.The main ethical problems regarding communication about the disorder, both in general and in relation to prodromal stages, were described and discussed together with those regarding communication about voluntary and involuntary treatments, “dual roles” enacted in clinical practice, genetic counseling, and end-of-life conditions; on the basis of what emerged, ethically driven indications and suggestions were provided.Conclusions.Several situations put the psychiatrist in front of relevant dilemmas and doubts which are no easy to face with; an ethically driven approach based upon the principle of the best interest of patients may support clinicians in their decisions.
Exercise Promotion in Multiple Sclerosis Through the Patient–Provider Interaction: Development of Practice Models
Authors: Richardson Emma V. , Fifolt Matthew , Barstow Elizabeth A. , Motl Robert W. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
There is a significant gap between translation of evidence-based benefits of exercise and the adoption of this exercise behavior among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). Health care providers could be the means by which this translational gap is narrowed, but these individuals require support and resources to effectively promote exercise. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate practice models that guide health care providers in delivering exercise promotion in comprehensive MS care.

Methods
Over a 6-wk period, primary data were collected from health care providers who worked in comprehensive MS care centers across the United States. This study adopted a quality improvement approach, Plan-Do-Study-Act, to evaluate the practice models. We asked health care providers to complete one online survey evaluating the models and thereafter adopted a case study design to evaluate the practice models according to health care provider feedback. Data were collected through one online survey that asked health care providers to rate the practice models, provide reasons for assigning a particular score, and suggest ways to improve the models.

Results
Health care providers perceived the three practice models as useful resources for promoting exercise within comprehensive MS care, and provided feedback for improving and modifying the models before implementation into practice.

Conclusion
We are now one step closer toward a tangible, useful resource for promoting exercise in comprehensive MS care and improving the delivery of exercise promotion and consequently overall care among persons with MS within comprehensive care centers.
Axillary nodal irradiation practice in the sentinel lymph node biopsy era: Comparison of the contemporary available 3D and IMRT techniques
Authors: Belkacemi Yazid , Loganadane Gokoulakrichenane , Ghith Sahar , Li Xie , Majdoul Soufya , Grellier Noémie , Jmour Omar , Bret Cindy Le , Hervé Marie-Laure , Hadhri Asma , To Nhu Hanh , Fayolle-Campana Maryse , Colson-Durand Laurianne 
Published: April 2020

Objective:
Our study aimed to compare regional node coverage and doses to the organ at risk (OAR) using conventional technique (CT) vs “AMAROS” (AT) vs intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques in patients receiving regional nodal irradiation (RNI) for breast cancer (BC).

Methods:
We included 30 consecutive patients with BC who received RNI including axillary nodes. Two independent and blinded dosimetric RNI plans were generated for all patients. For target volume coverage, we analyzed the V95%, the D95%, the mean and the minimal dose within the nodal station. For hotspots within nodal target volume, we used the V105%, the V108% and the maximal doses. For OAR, lung V20, mean lung and heart doses, the maximal dose to the brachial plexus and the axillary-lateral thoracic vessel junction region were compared between the three techniques.

Results:
Target volume coverage and hotspots: Mean V95% in stations I, II, III and IV were 35.8% and 75% respectively with CV, 22.59 and 59.9% respectively with AT technique and 45.58 and 99.6% respectively with IMRT with statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.001). Mean V105% (cc) in axillary and supraclavicular stations were 21.3 and 6.4 respectively with CV, 1.2 and 0.02 respectively with AT technique and 0.5 and 0.4 respectively with IMRT with statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.001)..
OARs: The mean ipsilateral lung V20 was 16.9%, 16.4 and 13.3% with CT, AT and IMRT respectively. The mean heart dose (Gy) was 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2 with CT, AT and IMRT respectively. The maximal dose to the plexus brachial (Gy) was 50.3, 46.3 and 47.3 with CT, AT and IMRT respectively. The maximal dose to the axillary-lateral thoracic vessel junction (Gy) was 52.3, 47.3 and 47.6 with CT, AT and IMRT respectively. The differences were statistically significant for all OAR (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion:
AT is a valuable technique for RNI including axilla in patients with limited sentinel lymph node biopsy involvement without additional axillary lymph node dissection since it decreases hotspots in the target volume and lowers the radiation exposure of the OAR. For more advanced tumors or patients who did not respond to primary systemic therapy, CT or IMRT should be considered because of their better coverage of the potentially residual nodal disease. IMRT combines several advantages of offering high conformal plans, limited hotspots and protection of main OAR. The clinical impact of these dosimetric differences need to be addressed.

Advances in knowledge:
This study is to our knowledge the first to compare conventional three-dimensional and IMRT techniques for regional nodal irradiation for each nodal station in breast cancer in a context of increasing utilization of axillary irradiation.
The relationship between temperature and hip and wrist fracture incidence
Authors: Johnson NA , Stirling ERB , Alexander M , Dias JJ 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Predicting when fracture incidence will rise assists in healthcare planning and delivery of preventative strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperature and the incidence of hip and wrist fractures. Methods Data for adults presenting to our unit with a hip or wrist fracture over a seven and eight-year period respectively were analysed. Incidence rates were calculated and compared with meteorological records. A Poisson regression model was used to quantify the relationship between temperature and fracture rate. Results During the respective study periods, 8,380 patients presented with wrist fractures and 5,279 patients were admitted with hip fractures. All women (≥50 years: p<0.001; <50 years: p<0.001) and men aged ≥50 years (p=0.046) demonstrated an increased wrist fracture rate with reduced temperature. Men aged <50 years also had an increased wrist fracture rate with increased temperature (p<0.001). The hip fracture rate was highest in women aged ≥50 years but was not associated with temperature (p=0.22). In men aged ≥50 years, there was a significant relationship between reduced temperature and increased fracture rate (p<0.001). Conclusions Fragility fracture of the wrist is associated with temperature. Compared with an average summer, an additional 840 procedures are performed for wrist fractures during an average winter in our trust with an additional 798 bed days taken up at a cost of £3.2 million. The winter increase seen in male hip fracture incidence requires approximately 888 surgical procedures, with 18,026 bed days, and costs £7.1 million. Hip fracture incidence in older women is not related to temperature.
Perbandingan Efektifitas Metode Elektrokoagulasi dan Destilasi Terhadap Penurunan Beban Pencemar Fisik Pada Air Limbah Domestik
Authors: Muliyadi Muliyadi , Sowohy Idayani Sangadji 
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang: Penghasil limbah cair terbesar di Indonesia umumnyaberasal dari rumah tangga. Saat ini, dirasa perlu untuk mengembangkan metode penanganan limbah cair domestic Metode: jenis ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental sederhana dengan rancangan post test only group control design. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efektifitas metode elektrokoagulasi dan destilasi dalam menurunkan beban pencemar fisik pada limbah cair domestic. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 liter limbah cair yang ada di parit perumahan dagymoi tubo . teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling.Hasil: TDS pada perlakuan destilasi menurun sebesar 81,73% (295 mg/l) sedangkan TDS pada elektrokoagulasi menurun sebesar 53,60 % (749 mg/ l) dan TSS pada destilasi menurun sebesar 97,7% (46 mg/l) dibandingkan TSS pada elektrokoagulasi menurun sebesar 74,69 %(505 mg/l).Simpulan: Perlakuan dengan menggunakan destilasi lebih efektif dalam menurunkan kadar TDS dan TSS pada limbah cair domestic.ABSTRACTTitle: Comparison of the Effectiveness of Electrocoagulation and Distillation Methods in Reducing Physical Pollutant in Domestic WastewaterBackground: in general, the biggest producers of domestic wastewater in indonesia comes from household. Nowaday, the handling of domestic wastewater is needed to be improved. Methods: this type of research is a simple experimental study with a post test only group control design. This research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation and distillation methods in reducing physical pollutants in domestic wastewater. The population in this study is all of the wastewater in the dagymoitubo residence trench. The sample in this study was 10 liters of wastewater in the dagymoitubo residence trench. Sample taking technique using purposive sampling technique.Results: TDS in distillation treatment decreased by 81.73% (295 mg / l) while TDS in electrocoagulation decreased by 53.60% (749 mg / l) and TSS in distillation decreased by 97.7% (46 mg / l) compared to TSS in electrocoagulation decreased by 74.69% (505 mg / l).Conclusion: Treatment using distillation is more effective in reducing levels of TDS and TSS in domestic wastewater.
Multi-item a supply chain production inventory model of time dependent production rate and demand rate under space constraint in fuzzy environment
Authors: Das Satya Kumar , Islam Sahidul 
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we have developed an integrated production inventory model for two echelon supply chain consisting of one vendor and one retailer. Production rate and demand rate of retailer and customer are time dependent. Idle time cost of the vendor has been considered. Multi-item inventory has been considered. In integrated inventory model average cost has been calculated under limitation on stroge space. Two echelon supply chain fuzzy inventory model has been solved by various techniques like as Fuzzy programming technique with hyperbolic membership functions (FPTHMF), Fuzzy non-linear programming technique (FNLP) and Fuzzy additive goal programming technique (FAGP), weighted Fuzzy non-linear programming technique (WFNLP) and weighted Fuzzy additive goal programming technique (WFAGP). A numerical example is illustrated to test the model. Finally to make the model more realistic, sensitivity analysis has been shown.
THC and CBD concentrations in blood, oral fluid and urine following a single and repeated administration of “light cannabis”
Authors: Pacifici Roberta , Pichini Simona , Pellegrini Manuela , Rotolo Maria Concetta , Giorgetti Raffaele , Tagliabracci Adriano , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Huestis Marilyn A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
“Light cannabis” is a product legally sold in Europe with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration lower than 0.2% and variable cannabidiol (CBD) content. We studied THC and CBD excretion profiles in blood, oral fluid (OF) and urine after smoking one or four light cannabis cigarettes.

Methods
Blood, OF and urine samples were obtained from six healthy light cannabis consumers after smoking one 1 g cigarette containing 0.16% THC and 5.8% CBD and from six others after smoking four 1 g cigarettes within 4 h. Sample collection began 0.5 and 4.5 h after smoking one or four cigarettes, respectively. Cannabinoid concentrations were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results
At the first collection, the highest THC and CBD concentrations occurred in blood (THC 7.0–10.8 ng/mL; CBD 30.2–56.1 ng/mL) and OF (THC 5.1–15.5 ng/mL; CBD 14.2–28.1 ng/mL); similar results occurred 0.5 h after the last of four cigarettes in blood (THC 14.1–18.2 ng/mL, and CBD 25.6–45.4 ng/mL) and OF (THC 11.2–24.3 ng/mL; CBD 14.4–37.0 ng/mL). The mean OF to blood ratio ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 after one and 0.6 to 1.9 after four light cannabis cigarettes. THC/CBD ratios in blood and OF were never greater than 2. Urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC concentrations peaked 8 h after one and four cigarettes.

Conclusions
OF was a valuable alternative to blood in monitoring consumption of light cannabis. Blood and OF THC/CBD concentration ratios, never exceeded 2, possibly providing a useful biomarker to identify light cannabis vs illegal higher THC cannabis use, where THC/CBD ratios are generally greater than 10.
Speech Reporting in Chinese Criminal Judgements
Authors: Shi Guang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSpeech reporting is an important linguistic tool for criminal judgements to represent facts and evidence and state reasons for conviction and judgement. This paper analyzes speech reporting in 500 Chinese criminal judgements and identifies three major findings. First, speech reporting in criminal judgements includes two general types,procedural reportingandsubstantive reporting, both of which can be further categorized into three sub-types,direct reporting,indirect reporting, andnarrative report of speech act. Second, procedural reporting mainly appears in the beginning and body parts of a criminal judgement to introduce the origin of the case, clarify relevant legal concepts, indicate the basis of conviction and judgement, and maintain, approve, and reject the judgement of a lower court, performing the function of maintaining procedural justice. Third, substantive reporting mainly occurs in the body part of a criminal judgement to state, summarize, generalize, and clarify relevant facts and evidence, serving substantive justice.
Re-understanding Vygotsky’s Psycholinguistics
Authors: Liu Xinghe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The origins and nature of consciousness have preoccupied mankind since human beings became aware of themselves as thinking beings. Seeking answers to these questions was the focus of the life-long research project of the former Soviet scholar, Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1896–1934), who was intent on developing a holistic theory of psycholinguistics to explore consciousness through psyche. In this quest, he concentrated on rechevóye myshlénie, a key element of consciousness created through the unification of thinking processes and languaging processes (the processes involved in the acquisition and use of language). However, the fact Vygotsky used this concept to imply a psychological process/ formation/system is lost when understanding it as “verbal thinking.” Despite its centrality in his whole theory of psycholinguistics, Vygotsky’s analysis of rechevóye myshlénie as the cornerstone of the creation of znachenie slova (meaning through language) has not received the same attention as his analyses of other concepts. Therefore, in this article we attempt to make a detailed investigation of rechevóye myshlénie upon Vygotsky’s methodology of psychological materialism and a number of related concepts compared with some prevalent translations and interpretations.
Ist der Naturalismus eine Ideologie?
Authors: Spiegel Thomas Jussuf 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Naturalism is the current orthodoxy in analytic philosophy. Naturalism is the conjunction of the (ontological) claim that all that truly exists are the entities countenanced by the natural sciences and the (epistemological) claim that the only true knowledge is natural-scientific knowledge. Drawing on some recent work in Critical Theory, this article argues that naturalism qualifies as an ideology. This is the case because naturalism meets three key aspects shared by paradigmatic cases of ideology: (i) naturalism has practical consequences and implications of a specific kind, (ii) those endorsing naturalism fall prey to a dual deception: having false meta-level beliefs about naturalism as being without alternative, and (iii) naturalism has a tendency towards self-immunisation. The article ends by suggesting we pull naturalism out of our collective cognitive backgrounds onto the main stage of critical discourse, making it a proper topic for philosophical critique again.
A branched structure provides kraft lignins a denser morphology and a high molar mass for a given hydrodynamic radius
Authors: Wang Linping , Shigetomi Kengo , Koda Keiichi , Gele Aori , Uraki Yasumitsu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSize exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light-scattering detectors was applied for acetylated softwood and hardwood kraft lignins (Ac-SKL and Ac-HKL) and 8-O-4′ type of linear polymeric lignin model (Ac-M-8O4′) to compare their swelling behaviors. The plot of molar mass (MM) vs. retention time for Ac-M-8O4′ was similar to that of polystyrene, which revealed that Ac-M-8O4′ exhibited swelling behavior that was similar to that of polystyrene. However, the MM values of both Ac-KLs were larger than those of polystyrene standards at any retention time. This difference indicated that both Ac-KLs had a more compact structure than those of polystyrene and Ac-M-8O4′. One hypothesis is that the larger MM of both Ac-KLs stems from their branched structures. To verify this hypothesis, the frequency of 5-5′ interunit linkage in lignin samples was determined by1H NMR after nitrobenzene oxidation. A linear relationship between MM and 5-5′ abundance was observed in the high MM region.
Ameliorative effect of methanol stem extract of Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel) bullock on scopolamine-induced sub-chronic cognitive deficit in mice
Authors: Mahmud Bukhari , Shehu Aishatu , Magaji Mohammed Garba 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background

Parquetina nigrescens (Afzel) Bullock is a commonly used medicinal plant in African traditional medicine. The powdered roots and stems of the plant are taken with pap as a memory enhancer among the Yorubas of southwestern Nigeria. The mechanism by which scopolamine induces cognitive deficit mimics the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in cognitive impairment. This study therefore, aimed at investigating the effect of the methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens on sub-chronically scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit in mice.

Method
Phytochemical screening was carried out on the extract using standard protocols. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) was estimated according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 425 limit test guideline. Doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of the extract were used for the study. The elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object recognition tests (NORT) were used to assess cognitive function. The brain tissue was assayed for the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity.

Results
The plant extract contains phenolics, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, and unsaturated sterols.The extract decreased the transfer latencies on days 7 and 8 against the scopolamine group in EPM and increased the discrimination index decreased by scopolamine in NORT. The methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens significantly (p ≤ 0.01) reduced MDA level; significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased SOD activity; non-significantly increased GSH activity and the activity of AChE apeared not altered.

Conclusion
The methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens ameliorated sub-chronically scopolamine-induced cognitive deficit via antioxidant mechanism.
Identification of two novel variants in GNPTAB underlying mucolipidosis II in a Pakistani family
Authors: Khan Muhammad Aman , Zubaida Bibi , Karim Noreen , Cheema Huma Arshad , Naeem Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMucolipidosis II is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by multiple pathologies including coarse facial features, thickened skin, dysostosis multiplex, and skeletal abnormalities. The disorder results due to variants inGNPTABleading to reduced activity of the enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-PT).MethodsIn the present study, a consanguineous Pakistani family was diagnosed with MLII based on clinical and biochemical examination. Peripheral blood samples were collected and subjected to DNA sequencing of all coding exons along with exon-intron boundaries ofGNPTAB.ResultsMolecular investigation of the family identified two novel variants c.25C > T: p.Gln9* (maternal allele) in exon 1 and c.1160C > T: p.Ala387Val (paternal allele) in exon 10 segregating in compound heterozygous form in the affected individuals.ConclusionsTheGNPTABvariant c.25C > T variant is highly plausible to undergo nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, while theGNPTABvariant c.1160C > T is located in a highly conserved domain, thus both the variants predict to lead to affect the enzyme activity. Two novel variants have been identified inGNPTABas the underlying cause of ML-II in a Pakistani family. The study thus expands the availableGNPTABmutation spectrum.
Convergence Analysis of Economic Growth in East Java
Authors: Amalia Sri Karima , Santoso Dwi Budi , Sasongko Sasongko 
Published: April 2020

Convergence and divergence of economic growth is a regional economic issue. The concept of convergence occurs when areas with poor economies tend to grow faster than areas with a rich economy whereas divergence occurs otherwise. East Java has a high economic growth but has a high inequality between districts/municipalities as well. Based on the concept of the inverted U-shape of the Kuznets curve, the East Java situation thus indicates that East Java is at the starting point of economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to develop high economic growth with low inequality through acceleration of convergence by knowing the level of convergence of economic growth and acceleration factors of economic growth convergence of East Java. This study uses panel data from 38 districts/municipalities in East Java between 2005 and 2014 by adopting the model Barro & Sala-i-Martin (1992) then the model specification in answering research objectives are sigma convergence, absolute convergence, and conditional convergence. The estimation results show that in East Java economic growth is convergent at a low level so that efforts need to accelerate the convergence that can be reached through 5 (five) development policies, (i) equalization of basic infrastructure such as access equity (ii) equal distribution of energy availability, (iii) equalization of investment, (iv) equal distribution of labor force, and (v) equality of labor productivity