bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of erosive tooth wear in Chilean adults, 2016: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Marró María Loreto , Aránguiz Vicente , Ramirez Valeria , Lussi Adrian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence, severity and distribution of erosive tooth wear lesions in adult patients at the Universidad de los Andes Health Center in the San Bernardo Metropolitan Region, Chile, during a period of 4 months in 2016.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted. A consecutive sample of patients from 18 to 46 years old who were receiving care at the Universidad de los Andes Health Center during a period from September 2016 to January 2017 was analysed. Basic erosive wear examinations (BEWEs) were performed by two calibrated examiners.ResultsA total of 535 adults were included in this study. An erosive tooth wear prevalence of 97.9% was found in which at least one surface had a BEWE score of 2 or 3 as the highest score (98.56% for females and 95.8% for males). In the sample, 75.70% and 74.77% of individuals had at least one surface with a BEWE score of 3 at the second and fifth sextant, respectively. The median of cumulative BEWE scores was 12. The median by individual of the affected percentage of tooth surfaces with BEWE scores 2 or 3 was 19.70%.ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence of erosive tooth wear, mainly in the anterior group of teeth. No differences were found between the sexes, but a positive correlation with age was found. The percentage of surfaces affected was low or moderate.
Understanding the origins of the ring‐necked parakeet in the UK
Authors: Heald O. J. N. , Fraticelli C. , Cox S. E. , Stevens M. C. A. , Faulkner S. C. , Blackburn T. M. , Le Comber S. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ring‐necked parakeet Psittacula krameri is one of the best‐known invasive species in the UK. It is also arguably the species whose origins as an invasive have been the subject of the greatest speculation, with explanations ranging from birds escaping from the set of the film ‘The African Queen’ to animals being released in Carnaby Street in London by Jimi Hendrix in the 1960s. Here, we use geographic profiling – a statistical technique originally developed in criminology to prioritise the large lists of suspects typical in cases of serial crime such as murder, rape and arson, but more recently applied to ecology and conservation biology – to analyse the spatial patterns of the ring‐necked parakeet, from the first detailed records in the 1960s to the 21st century and ask whether spatial analysis supports these hypotheses. We show that, despite the undoubted appeal of the different hypotheses concerning their origin, spatial analysis provides no support for any of them, leading us to conclude that the birds' establishment in Britain is more likely to be a consequence of repeated releases and introductions, a view supported by a detailed search of the British Newspaper Archive. More generally, our study shows how geographic profiling can be used to understand the spatial patterns of biological invasions over time.
Controlled attenuation parameter reflects steatosis in compensated advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Piccinni Rosangela , Rodrigues Susana G. , Montani Matteo , Murgia Giuseppe , Delgado Maria G. , Casu Stefania , Stirnimann Guido , Semmo Nasser , De Gottardi Andrea , Dufour Jean‐François , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsControlled attenuation parameter (CAP) for steatosis assessment has not been validated in compensated advanced chronic liver disease compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). We primarily aimed at assessing the accuracy of CAP for the diagnosis and quantification of steatosis in cACLD. Secondary aim: to assess the validity of non‐invasive criteria for cACLD according to liver stiffness measurement (LSM).MethodsThis is a single‐centre retrospective study including patients with cACLD defined as LSM ≥10 kPa, CAP measurement and liver biopsy (reference standard for steatosis and fibrosis) observed in 06/2015‐06/2017. Steatosis was graded as S0 (<5%), S1 (5%‐32%), S2 (33%‐66%) and S3 (>66%). The diagnostic performance of CAP for any grade of steatosis and for high‐grade steatosis (≥S2) was studied.ResultsAmong 461 consecutive patients, 111 with LSM‐based diagnosis of cACLD were included (63% male, median age 55 years, median body mass index 28.1 Kg/m2, aetiology: 32% non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, 32% alcohol or viral + metabolic syndrome, 15% viral, 6% autoimmune, 4% alcohol, 11% others). Median LSM and CAP were 16.1 kPa and 277 dB/m respectively. On liver biopsy, steatosis was found in 88/111 patients (79%); 44 patients (43 with metabolic syndrome) had high‐grade steatosis. CAP was accurate in identifying any grade of steatosis (area under the receiving operating characteristic curves 0.847; 95% CI 0.767‐0.926, P < .0001), and ≥S2 steatosis (0.860; 95% CI 0.788‐0.932, P < .0001). CAP performed similarly in patients with CAP‐ interquartile range (IQR) ≥ or <40 dB/m.ConclusionsSteatosis is frequent in patients with cACLD and metabolic syndrome. CAP diagnostic accuracy for any steatosis and high‐grade steatosis is good in this population. A CAP‐IQR ≥40 dB/m does not impair CAP diagnostic accuracy in cACLD.
Measuring the bioeconomic impacts of prolonged drought on a lake ecosystem: The case of the Great Salt Lake, Utah
Authors: Caplan Arthur J. , Go Dong‐Hun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a general‐equilibrium (GE) bioeconomic model of Utah's Great Salt Lake (GSL) ecosystem that tightly links the lake's ecosystem with its regional economy and attendant international trading partners, thereby enabling full identification of dynamic feedback effects in the presence of prolonged drought. The drought modeled here mimics a drying climate's impact on the lake's nutrient pool. We demonstrate how prolonged drought affects key bioeconomic variables over time, and how the GSL bioeconomy recovers toward a new steady state. We also consider how two separate fishery‐specific regulatory tools—a temporary harvest moratorium and ad valorum tax on the fishery's factors of production—alter the bioeconomy's recovery path. Our main finding is that a fishery‐specific regulation can induce perverse social‐welfare effects in a GE context by inducing a shift of resources out of the fishery and into a sector of the economy that produces a negative externality, in our case pollution from the mining industry. These welfare effects are appraised with two different measures of equivalent variation—one based on an initial benchmark period and the other on expenditure differences that roll through time. Our model further demonstrates how these perverse‐welfare effects can be mitigated by imposing either an output or input tax on the mining industry.Recommendations for resource managers

The general‐equilibrium bioeconomic model developed here for Utah's Great Salt Lake demonstrates how key bioeconomic variables can be tracked over time in response to an economic or ecological shock, such as prolonged drought.
This numerical modeling tool provides an integrated perspective on the bioeconomic impacts of public policies that can be adopted to counteract these shocks.
Estimates of the social net benefits associated with the public policies are provided.
The context for assessing the net benefits of alternative fishery regulations is therefore broadened to account for a multispecies, multisector bioeconomy.
Habermas and the therapeutic function of language
Authors: Pezdek Krzysztof , Dobrowolski Robert , Michaluk Tomasz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article was to interpret Habermas's concept of language in terms of its therapeutic potential which can be effectively realized in nursing practice. Drawing on Habermas's definition, we analyse the components of rational communication which are necessary for the patient and the therapist to achieve understanding. In doing this, we examine not only lifeworld, system and validity claims, which are well‐known notions within Habermas's theory of communicative action, but also less frequently studied elements of this theory, such as everyday world, to which the patient refers in the process of self‐understanding and identity construction. We also address culture and language as a pre‐rational factor which can disturb, or even preclude, communication and understanding. In such circumstances, we propose supplementing the Habermasian therapeutic project with a psychoanalytical interpretations of the utterances of the patients who have difficulty defining the situation within which therapy is possible.
Higher concentration of serum C‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen is positively related with inflammatory factors in postmenopausal women with H‐type hypertension and osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Yu‐ning , Wei Peng , Yu, BS Jian 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of inflammatory factors and bone metabolism markers in postmenopausal women with H‐type hypertension and to assess the relationship between them.MethodsPostmenopausal women who were diagnosed with osteoporosis were selected as observation objects. Participants were divided into three groups: only osteoporosis group (osteoporosis group), hypertension combined with osteoporosis group (hypertension group), and H‐type hypertension combined with osteoporosis group (H‐type hypertension group). The changes in bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers (osteocalcin [OC], procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide (PINP), and C‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX]) and inflammatory factors (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6] and tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α]) were compared among three groups.ResultsIn the hypertension group and the H‐type hypertension group, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (0.647 ± 0.038 vs 0.638 ± 0.034 vs 0.668 ± 0.047, P < 0.05) and the femoral neck (0.567 ± 0.047 vs 0.552 ± 0.053 vs 0.618 ± 0.059, P < 0.05) was significantly lower than that in the osteoporosis group. The concentrations of CTX (266.61 ± 64.65 vs 293.09 ± 72.34 vs 235.48 ± 62.85, P < 0.05), IL‐6 (44.36 ± 6.45 vs 48.05 ± 8.04 vs 39.06 ± 7.95, P < 0.05) and TNF‐α (30.53 ± 6.28 vs 34.52 ± 7.15 vs 28.66 ± 6.19, P < 0.01) in the hypertension group and in the H‐type hypertension group were significantly higher than those in the osteoporosis group. The concentrations of OC (30.59 ± 6.43 vs 27.10 ± 6.51, P < 0.05) and PINP (36.36 ± 6.16 vs 33.16 ± 6.77, P < 0.05) in the H‐type hypertension group were increased dramatically. The concentration of CTX was positively correlated with the concentration of IL‐6 (r = 0.587, P < 0.01) and TNF‐α (r = 0.474, P < 0.01) and negatively related with the concentration of OC (r = −0.591, P < 0.01) and PINP (r = −0.646, P < 0.01) and the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (r = −0.470, P < 0.01) and the femoral neck (r = −0.509, P < 0.01).ConclusionHigher concentration of serum CTX is found in postmenopausal women with H‐type hypertension, which is positively correlated with inflammatory factors. Besides, H‐type hypertension could further enhance the activity of osteoclasts and increase the expressions of inflammatory factors, resulting in the aggravation of osteoporosis.
Carbon starvation reduces carbohydrate and anthocyanin accumulation in red‐fleshed fruit via trehalose 6‐phosphate and MYB27
Authors: Nardozza Simona , Boldingh Helen L. , Kashuba M. Peggy , Feil Regina , Jones Dan , Thrimawithana Amali H. , Ireland Hilary S. , Philippe Marine , Wohlers Mark W. , McGhie Tony K. , Montefiori Mirco , Lunn John E. , Allan Andrew C. , Richardson Annette C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is a recently domesticated fruit crop with several novel‐coloured cultivars being developed. Achieving uniform fruit flesh pigmentation in red genotypes is challenging. To investigate the cause of colour variation between fruits, we focused on a red‐fleshed Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis genotype. It was hypothesized that carbohydrate supply could be responsible for this variation. Early in fruit development, we imposed high or low (carbon starvation) carbohydrate supplies treatments; carbohydrate import or redistribution was controlled by applying a girdle at the shoot base. Carbon starvation affected fruit development as well as anthocyanin and carbohydrate metabolite concentrations, including the signalling molecule trehalose 6‐phosphate. RNA‐Seq analysis showed down‐regulation of both gene‐encoding enzymes in the anthocyanin and carbohydrate biosynthetic pathways. The catalytic trehalose 6‐phosphate synthase gene TPS1.1a was down‐regulated, whereas putative regulatory TPS7 and TPS11 were strongly up‐regulated. Unexpectedly, under carbon starvation MYB10, the anthocyanin pathway regulatory activator was slightly up‐regulated, whereas MYB27 was also up‐regulated and acts as a repressor. To link these two metabolic pathways, we propose a model where trehalose 6‐phosphate and the active repressor MYB27 are involved in sensing the carbon starvation status. This signals the plant to save resources and reduce the production of anthocyanin in fruits.
Debunking arguments
Authors: Korman Daniel Z. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDebunking arguments—also known as etiological arguments, genealogical arguments, access problems, isolation objections, and reliability challenges—arise in philosophical debates about a diverse range of topics, including causation, chance, color, consciousness, epistemic reasons, free will, grounding, laws of nature, logic, mathematics, modality, morality, natural kinds, ordinary objects, religion, and time. What unifies the arguments is the transition from a premise about what does or doesn't explain why we have certain mental states to a negative assessment of their epistemic status. I examine the common, underlying structure of the arguments and the different strategies for motivating and resisting the premises of debunking arguments.
A multivariate investigation of visual word, face, and ensemble processing: Perspectives from EEG‐based decoding and feature selection
Authors: Nemrodov Dan , Ling Shouyu , Nudnou Ilya , Roberts Tyler , Cant Jonathan S. , Lee Andy C. H. , Nestor Adrian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent investigations have focused on the spatiotemporal dynamics of visual recognition by appealing to pattern analysis of EEG signals. While this work has established the ability to decode identity‐level information (such as the identity of a face or of a word) from neural signals, much less is known about the precise nature of the signals that support such feats, their robustness across visual categories, or their consistency across human participants. Here, we address these questions through the use of EEG‐based decoding and multivariate feature selection as applied to three visual categories: words, faces and face ensembles (i.e., crowds of faces). Specifically, we use recursive feature elimination to estimate the diagnosticity of time and frequency‐based EEG features for identity‐level decoding across three datasets targeting each of the three categories. We then relate feature diagnosticity across categories and across participants while, also, aiming to increase decoding performance and reliability. Our investigation shows that word and face processing are similar in their reliance on spatiotemporal information provided by occipitotemporal channels. In contrast, ensemble processing appears to also rely on central channels and exhibits a similar profile with word processing in the frequency domain. Further, we find that feature diagnosticity is stable across participants and is even capable of supporting cross‐participant feature selection, as demonstrated by systematic boosts in decoding accuracy and feature reduction. Thus, our investigation sheds new light on the nature and the structure of the information underlying identity‐level visual processing as well as on its generality across categories and participants.
Why Does Workplace Gender Diversity Matter? Justice, Organizational Benefits, and Policy
Authors: Fine Cordelia , Sojo Victor , Lawford‐Smith Holly 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhy does workplace gender diversity matter? Here, we provide a review of the literature on both justice‐based and organizational benefits of workplace gender diversity that, importantly, is informed by evidence regarding sex differences and their relationship with vocational behavior and outcomes. This review indicates that the sexes are neither distinctly different, nor so similar as to be fungible. Justice‐based gains of workplace gender diversity include that it may cause less sex discrimination and may combat androcentrism in products and services. We then consider potential instrumental benefits of workplace gender diversity to organizations, including for team and firm performance, innovation, occupational well‐being, and corporate governance. The evidence of positive association is currently strongest for occupational well‐being and governance. We recommend that policy makers ground gender diversity initiatives in this comprehensive and evidence‐based understanding of the benefits of workplace gender diversity.
Twenty four‐hour activity cycle in older adults using wrist‐worn accelerometers: The seniors‐ENRICA‐2 study
Authors: Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Migueles Jairo H. , Banegas José Ramón , Graciani Auxiliadora , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando , Martínez‐Gómez David 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed: (a) to provide a detailed description of sleep, sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) over the complete 24‐hours period using raw acceleration data in older adults; and (b) to examine the differences in the 24‐hours activity cycle by sex, age, education, and body mass index (BMI).MethodsPopulation‐based cohort comprising 3273 community‐dwelling individuals (1739 women), aged 71.8 ± 4.5 years, participating in the Seniors‐ENRICA‐2 study. Participants wore a wrist‐worn ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer for 7 consecutive days, and the raw signal was processed using the R‐package GGIR.ResultsParticipants reached 21.5 mg as mean acceleration over the whole day; 32.3% (7.7 h/d) of time was classified as sleep, 53.2% (12.7 h/d) as SED, 10.4% (148.6 min/d) as LPA, and 4.1% (59.0 min/d) as MVPA. No marked differences were found in sleep‐related variables between socio‐demographic and BMI groups. However, women showed higher LPA but lower SED and MVPA than men. Moreover, SED increased whereas LPA and MVPA decreased with age. Participants with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) accumulated more SED and less LPA and MVPA than those without obesity. As expected, adherence to physical activity recommendations varied widely (9.2%‐76.6%) depending on the criterion of MVPA accumulation.ConclusionObjective assessment of the 24‐hour activity cycle provides extensive characterization of daily activities distribution in older adults and may inform health‐promotion interventions in this population. Women, the oldest old, and those with obesity offer relevant targets of strategies to improve lifestyle patterns.
Role of salt supplementation on vasovagal reactions in young whole blood donors
Authors: Kumar Karan , Sachdev Suchet , Marwaha Neelam , Sharma Ratti Ram 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe physiologic interventions to prevent vasovagal reactions (VVRs) have been published evaluating water loading, applied muscle tension and salt loading on immediate VVRs (IVVRs), but the effect of salt on delayed VVRs (DVVRs) has not been evaluated.Materials and MethodsRandomized controlled study was conducted enrolling 3060 donors in age group 18–25 years. Control group (CG) donors were given 300 ml of sweetened lime water, with additional 2·5 g salt added in the test group (TG).ResultsThere were 90 VVRs in 3060 (2·94%, 1 in 34) young college‐going whole blood donors in the present study. This included 57 IVVRs (1·86%, 1 in 54) and 33 DVVRs (1·08%, 1 in 93). There were 53 VVRs (3·49%, 1 in 29) in the CG and 37 VVRs (2·39%, 1 in 57) in the TG, with absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 1·1%. There were 30 IVVRs (1·98%, 1 in 51) in CG and 27 IVVRs (1·74%, 1 in 57) in TG, with ARR of 0·2%%. Significantly, there were 23 DVVRs (1·51%, 1 in 67) in CG and only 10 DVVRs (0·65%, 1 in 154) in the TG, with ARR of 0·9%. One thousand (1000), five hundred (500) and one hundred and eleven (111) young whole donors need to be given 2·5 g of salt supplementation in fluid medium to prevent one VVR, IVVR and DVVR, respectively. The odds and the adjusted odds (AOR) of occurrence of DVVRs were 2·36, 95% CI (1·12–4·98) and 2·40, 95% CI (1·13–5·07) in the CG as against in the TG, on binary and multivariable logistic regression, respectively.ConclusionThere is an overall trend of decrease in VVRs with salt loading in young college‐going whole blood donors, which is statistically evident in the case of DVVRs.
Regional respiratory movement of the tongue is coordinated during wakefulness and is larger in severe obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Jugé Lauriane , Knapman Fiona L. , Burke Peter G.R. , Brown Elizabeth , Bosquillon de Frescheville Anne France , Gandevia Simon C. , Eckert Danny J. , Butler Jane E. , Bilston Lynne E. 
Published: December 2019

Key points
Coordination of the neuromuscular compartments of the tongue is critical to maintain airway patency. Currently, little is known about the extent to which regional tongue dilatory motion is coordinated in heathy people and if this coordination is altered in people with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
We show that regional tongue muscle coordination in people with and without OSA during wakefulness is associated with effective airway dilatation during inspiration, using dynamic tagged magnetic resonance imaging. The maximal movement of four compartments of the tongue were correlated and occurred concurrently towards the end of inspiration.
If tongue movement was observed, people with more severe OSA had larger movement and moved more compartments (up to four) to maintain airway patency, while people without OSA moved only one compartment.
These results suggest that airway patency is preserved during wakefulness in people with OSA via active dilatory movement of the genioglossus.
AbstractMaintaining airway patency when supine requires neural drive to the genioglossus horizontal and oblique neuromuscular compartments (superior fan‐like and inferior horizontal genioglossus, regions that are innervated by different branches of the hypoglossal nerve) to be coordinated during breathing, but it is unknown if this coordination is altered in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This study aimed to assess coordination of airway dilatory motion across four mid‐sagittal tongue compartments during inspiration (i.e. anterior and posterior of the horizontal and oblique compartments), and compare it in controls and OSA patients. Fifty‐four participants (12 women, aged 20–73 years) underwent dynamic ‘tagged’ magnetic resonance imaging during wakefulness. Ten participants had no OSA [apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) < 5 events h–1], 14 had mild OSA (5 < AHI ≤ 15 events h–1), 12 had moderate OSA (15 < AHI ≤ 30 events h–1) and 18 had severe OSA (AHI > 30 events h–1). A higher AHI was associated with a greater anterior movement of the anterior and posterior horizontal compartments (Spearman, r = −0.32, P = 0.02 for both), but not in the oblique compartments. If movement was observed, higher OSA severity was associated with an anterior movement of a greater number of compartments. Controls only moved the posterior horizontal compartment while the anterior horizontal compartment also moved in OSA participants. Oblique compartments moved only in people with severe OSA. The maximal anterior inspiratory movement of the four compartments was highly correlated (Spearman, P < 0.001) and occurred concurrently. The posterior horizontal compartment had the greatest anterior motion. These results suggest that airway patency is preserved during wakefulness in people with OSA via active dilatory movement of the genioglossus.