bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the social influence of reputation for partner productivity level on the collaborative task performance of young children
Authors: Hamamoto Hikaru , Mizobata Risa , Ishikawa Mitsuhiko , Itakura Shoji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHumans adjust behaviour in the presence of others in a phenomenon called social influence, which can be categorized into social facilitation (promotional effects) and social loafing (inhibitory effects). The study examined whether the productivity level of the partner in individual and collaborative tasks produced a social influence on children's task performance. The participants were aged 4‐ to 6‐years‐old and grouped as high‐productivity, low‐productivity, and control according to the productivity level of the partners. Experiments 1 and 2 assigned adults and young peers as partners, respectively. Children's performance in the collaborative task decreased compared with the individual task. This effect was unobserved when the adult partner was highly productive but occurred regardless of productivity level when the partner was a peer. Positive correlations were also observed between children's and partners' performance in both experiments. The results thus suggested that young children adjust their behaviour based on the partner's actions.HighlightsThe social influence of partner's productivity level on young children's task performance was examined during a collaborative task.Children performed individual and collaborative tasks with an adult (Experiment 1) or child partner (Experiment 2).Positive correlations were observed between children's and partners' performance in both experiments.
Efficacy of bone formation of microporous sphere‐shaped biphasic calcium phosphate in a rabbit skull bone defect model
Authors: Ryu Dong Jin , Jung Eui Yub , Hong Da Hee , Kwon Kyeu Baek , Park Sang Jun , Kim Joo Hwan , Wang Joon Ho 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBone graft is required in various surgical procedures. Although autograft is the gold standard, it has limited availability. Various compounds have been proposed as alternatives such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), which is the most widely used compound. The newly synthesized microporous sphere‐shaped BCP has the advantage of increasing contact surface, and it can induce the formation of microbone structures. A putty‐type contains the addition of a fluid carrier to the sphere‐shaped BCP and can be easily used for a small orifice large bone defect. To compare the widely used BCP products, new bone formation and residual graft materials (RGM) were evaluated for 6 and 12 weeks in a rabbit calvarial bone defect model. Although existing BCP products and the microporous sphere‐type product did not differ significantly with respect to new bone formation and RGM, the putty‐type product was largely washed out and had low new bone formation at 6 and 12 weeks. Overall, the results suggest that microporous sphere‐shaped BCP showed similar bone formation capability to existing products and was able to maintain higher initial mechanical stability.
Influence of Sr2+ ion substitution on structural, morphological, optical, thermal, and magnetic behavior of MgFe2O4 cubic spinel
Authors: Baskar S , Yuvaraj S , Partha Sarathi Subudhi , Sundararajan M , Chandra Sekhar Dash 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUtilizing L‐arginine as a fuel, Mg1‐xSrxFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) spinel nanoparticles were prepared by the microwave combustion process. Impact of Sr2+ ion substitution on structural, morphology, optical, thermal, and magnetic characteristics is investigated by following techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), HR‐SEM, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), diffused reflectance spectroscopy‐Ultra Violet (DRS‐UV), TG‐DTA, and VSM. XRD ensures the formation of the cubic spinel structure, and the average crystallite size was determined utilizing the Debye Scherer equation, which was found to be lying between 33.10 and 24.11 nm. HR‐SEM images exhibited agglomerated morphology, and the samples were observed to be highly crystalline in nature. EDX spectra confirmed the formation of pure and strontium doped magnesium ferrite, ensuring the existence of all the elements. The bandgap was observed to lie in between 2.02 and 1.57 eV, respectively. TG‐DTA spectra provide information regarding the total weight loss, endothermic, and exothermic transitions. From M‐H loops, it is observed that pure and strontium doped magnesium ferrite exhibits ferromagnetic behavior.
Tumor‐agnostic inhibitors in oncology: A new phase for precision medicine
Authors: Li Mu‐Chun , Hsieh Hsing‐Pang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe study of precision medicine is flourishing in recent decades. Tumor‐agnostic therapy is one of the targeted therapies, which can treat the malignant cells regardless of where they grow. Herein we reviewed currently the U.S. FDA‐approved tumor‐agnostic therapies: one monoclonal antibody as a PD‐1 inhibitor called pembrolizumab and four small‐molecule kinase inhibitors, larotrectinib, entrectinib, selpercatinib, and pralsetinib. We also summarized the reported synthetic routes toward three drugs and some developing candidates under clinical trials as tumor‐agnostic therapy.
Molecular design, property prediction, and intermolecular interactions for high‐energy cage compounds based on the skeletons of RDX and HMX
Authors: Tang Li , Zhu Weihua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe designed nine new cage compounds by using different numbers of linkages –N(NO2)– and –N(NH2)– to connect the two skeletons of 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX) or 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane (HMX) to construct the cage frameworks, similar to the skeleton of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20). Then, their electronic structures, heats of formation, energetic properties, and impact sensitivities were studied using density functional theory. The types of intermolecular interactions and the changes in sensitivity were analyzed. Compared to the parent compounds RDX, HMX, and CL‐20, all the designed compounds present extraordinary high detonation properties (D > 9.70 km/s and P > 44.30 GPa). Considering the detonation performance and impact sensitivity, the four compounds may be regarded as potential candidates of high‐energy‐density compounds . Our results will contribute to a new strategy for the theoretical design of new energetic compounds.
Charge transfer enhanced magnetic correlations in type‐II multiferroic Co3TeO6
Authors: Lee Chi‐Hung , Batsaikhan Erdembayalag , Ma Ma‐Hsuan , Li Wen‐Hsien , Wang Chin‐Wei , Wu Chun‐Min , Yang Hung‐Duen , Lynn Jeffrey W. , Berger Helmuth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMagnetic structure of the Co ions in monoclinic Co3TeO6 in the antiferroelectric state at 16 K has been determined by neutron powder together with single‐crystal diffractions. The indices of the magnetic reflections that appear at the incommensurate positions were determined by diffractions from a single crystal, which allow to uniquely identify the magnetic modulation vector. There are two crystallographically distinct Co layers. Magnetic incommensurability appears in the Co spins in the layers comprising zig‐zag chains, with a magnetic modulation vector of (0.357, 0.103, 0.121) at 3 K but changes to (0.4439, 0, 0.137) at 16 K, while the Co ions in the honeycomb webs form a collinear antiferromagnetic structure. Thermal reduction rate of the Co moments in the honeycomb webs was found to be much smaller than those in the zig‐zag chains. Shifting of large amounts of electronic charge into the CoO bonds in the honeycomb webs on warming is used to understand the behavior.
VE1 immunohistochemistry is an adjunct tool for detection of BRAFV600E mutation: Validation in thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Rashid Faiza A. , Tabassum Sobia , Khan Mosin S. , Ansari Hifzur R. , Asif Muhammad , Sheikh Ahmareen K. , Sameer Aga Syed 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy among other endocrine tumors, and BRAFV600E is a frequent genetic mutation occurring in the disease. Although different molecular techniques, most importantly sequencing has been widely recognized as a gold standard but molecular diagnosis remains an expensive, laborious, and time‐intensive process. Recently, immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti‐BRAF V600E (VE1) antibody has increased practical utility and implemented clinically for the detection of BRAFV600E mutation. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of VE1 IHC for detecting the BRAFV600E mutation frequency and clinical implementation in diagnostic laboratories. In this study, 72 formalin fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues (FFPE) were used to determine the BRAFV600E mutation status using IHC and Sanger sequencing. The mutation was found in 29% and 28% cases using IHC and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed 100% sensitivity, 98.07% specificity, 95.2% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. Notably, significant associations were found between BRAFV600E status and tumor stage, tumor focality, and extrathyroidal extensions, respectively. VE1 IHC was found to be a highly sensitive, specific, and diagnostically accurate method in this cohort. Therefore, BRAFV600E detection through IHC has been considered as the best tailored technique for routine pathology laboratories.
Integrin α2β1 inhibition attenuates prostate cancer cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis and reducing epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Salemi Zahra , Azizi Reza , Fallahian Faranak , Aghaei Mahmoud 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntegrin α2β1 plays an important role in cellular migration and metastasis processes associated with prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether selective inhibition of integrin α2β1 is an effective strategy to target metastatic prostate cancer cells. In this regard, we examined the effects of the inhibitor BTT‐3033, which selectively interferes with the connection between integrin a2b1 and its ligand, on migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and specific intracellular signaling pathways using LNcap‐FGC and DU‐145 prostate cancer cell lines. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry assays showed that inhibition of integrin a2b1 inhibits EMT, through the increased expression of E‐cadherin and decreased expression of N‐cadherin and vimentin. Scratch wound healing assays revealed a direct effect on integrin α2β1 in the migration capacity of cells. In addition, treatment with BTT‐3033 induced a reduction in cell viability and proliferation, as assessed by MTT and BrdU assays. In addition, the results show that BTT‐3033 inhibits cell proliferation by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, inhibition of integrin α2β1 induces apoptosis through the activation of ROS, Bax protein upregulation, caspase‐3 activation, and depletion of ΔΨm. Molecular signaling studies showed that integrin α2β1 was a positive regulator of MKK7 phosphorylation. In conclusion, our results reveal a critical role for integrin a2b1 in the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, as demonstrated by EMT inhibition, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis induction in response to treatment with its specific inhibitor BT‐3033.
The impact of culture dimensionality on behavioral epigenetic memory contributing to pluripotent state of iPS cells
Authors: Thanuthanakhun Naruchit , Kino‐oka Masahiro , Borwornpinyo Suparerk , Ito Yuzuru , Kim Mee‐Hae 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) culture platforms have been explored to establish physiologically relevant cell culture environment and permit expansion scalability; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the regulation of pluripotency of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This study elucidated epigenetic modifications contributing to pluripotency of hiPSCs in response to 3D culture. Unlike two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures, 3D cultured cells aggregated with each other to form ball‐like aggregates. 2D cultured cells expressed elevated levels of Rac1 and RhoA; however, Rac1 level was significantly lower while RhoA level was persisted in 3D aggregates. Compared with 2D monolayers, the 3D aggregates also exhibited significantly lower myosin phosphorylation. Histone methylation analysis revealed remarkable H3K4me3 upregulation and H3K27me3 maintenance throughout the duration of 3D culture; in addition, we observed the existence of naïve pluripotency signatures in cells grown in 3D culture. These results demonstrated that hiPSCs adapted to 3D culture through alteration of the Rho‐Rho kinase‐phospho‐myosin pathway, influencing the epigenetic modifications and transcriptional expression of pluripotency‐associated factors. These results may help design culture environments for stable and high‐quality hiPSCs.
Chemotherapy triggers cachexia by deregulating synergetic function of histone‐modifying enzymes
Authors: Amrute‐Nayak Mamta , Pegoli Gloria , Holler Tim , Lopez‐Davila Alfredo Jesus , Lanzuolo Chiara , Nayak Arnab 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy is the first line of treatment for cancer patients. However, the side effects cause severe muscle atrophy or chemotherapy‐induced cachexia. Previously, the NF‐κB/MuRF1‐dependent pathway was shown to induce chemotherapy‐induced cachexia. We hypothesized that acute collateral toxic effects of chemotherapy on muscles might involve other unknown pathways promoting chemotherapy‐induced muscle atrophy. In this study, we investigated differential effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and probed whether alternative molecular mechanisms lead to cachexia.MethodsWe employed mouse satellite stem cell‐derived primary muscle cells and mouse C2C12 progenitor cell‐derived differentiated myotubes as model systems to test the effect of drugs. The widely used chemotherapeutic drugs, such as daunorubicin (Daun), etoposide (Etop), and cytarabine (Ara‐C), were tested. Molecular mechanisms by which drug affects the muscle cell organization at epigenetic, transcriptional, and protein levels were measured by employing chromatin immunoprecipitations, endogenous gene expression profiling, co‐immunoprecipitation, complementation assays, and confocal microscopy. Myotube function was examined using the electrical stimulation of myotubes to monitor contractile ability (excitation–contraction coupling) post drug treatment.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that chemotherapeutic drugs disrupt sarcomere organization and thereby the contractile ability of skeletal muscle cells. The sarcomere disorganization results from severe loss of molecular motor protein MyHC‐II upon drug treatment. We identified that drugs impede chromatin targeting of SETD7 histone methyltransferase and disrupt association and synergetic function of SETD7 with p300 histone acetyltransferase. The compromised transcriptional activity of histone methyltransferase and acetyltransferase causes reduced histone acetylation and low occupancy of active RNA polymerase II on MyHC‐II, promoting drastic down‐regulation of MyHC‐II expression (~3.6‐fold and ~4.5‐fold reduction of MyHC‐IId mRNA levels in Daun and Etop treatment, respectively. P < 0.0001). For MyHC‐IIa, gene expression was down‐regulated by ~2.6‐fold and ~4.5‐fold in Daun and Etop treatment, respectively (P < 0.0001). Very interestingly, the drugs destabilize SUMO deconjugase SENP3. Reduction in SENP3 protein level leads to deregulation of SETD7–p300 function. Importantly, we identified that SUMO deconjugation independent role of SENP3 regulates SETD7–p300 functional axis.ConclusionsThe results show that the drugs critically alter SENP3‐dependent synergistic action of histone‐modifying enzymes in muscle cells. Collectively, we defined a unique epigenetic mechanism targeted by distinct chemotherapeutic drugs, triggering chemotherapy‐induced cachexia.
Sonographic characteristics and follow‐up of pancreatic cysts
Authors: Guo Yang , Asch Elizabeth , Benson Carol B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess sonographic characteristics and outcome of patients with pancreatic cystic lesions seen by ultrasound.MethodsFrom our ultrasound electronic reporting database we identified all patients in which “pancreatic cyst” or “pancreatic cysts” were reported from 1995 to 2018. In patients with more than one sonogram, the first was used for our study. For each case, we recorded sonographic characteristics, maximal diameter, cyst location, and results of follow‐up ultrasound, CT or magnetic resonance imaging, as well as patient sex, age, relative clinical history, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or surgical findings when available.ResultsOur study included 177 patients of whom 121 were female (68.4%). Mean age at diagnosis was 65 (±16, SD, range 22‐99). Ultrasound was the initial diagnostic test in 122 (68.9%). Mean diameter of the index cyst was 13.7 mm (±11.5 mm, SD, range 2‐91 mm). Among 177 index cysts, 155 were simple and 22 complex. Three complex cysts were surgically resected, yielding a primary pancreatic malignancy, a metastasis, and an epithelial‐lined cyst. One simple cyst was resected, yielding a benign intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Seventeen patients underwent EUS showing six mucinous cysts and 11 nonmucinous cysts. One hundred‐eighteen patients had follow‐up imaging for a mean time of 5.6 years (±3.8, range 0.25‐21 years). One patient was presumed to have primary pancreatic cancer. The overall rate for primary pancreatic malignancy was 1.7% (2/118).ConclusionsCystic pancreatic lesions seen on ultrasound are most often benign, with a low risk of pancreatic malignancy. Ultrasound is an excellent method to follow‐up these cysts.
COVID‐19: Virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis
Authors: Mohamadian Malihe , Chiti Hossein , Shoghli Alireza , Biglari Sajjad , Parsamanesh Negin , Esmaeilzadeh Abdolreza 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus tentatively named SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, a central city in China, was announced by the World Health Organization. SARS‐CoV‐2 is an RNA virus that has become a major public health concern after the outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome‐CoV (MERS‐CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐CoV (SARS‐CoV) in 2002 and 2012, respectively. As of 29 October 2020, the total number of COVID‐19 cases had reached over 44 million worldwide, with more than 1.17 million confirmed deaths.DiscussionSARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients usually present with severe viral pneumonia. Similar to SARS‐CoV, the virus enters respiratory tract cells via the angiotensin‐converting enzyme receptor 2. The structural proteins play an essential role in budding the virus particles released from different host cells. To date, an approved vaccine or treatment option of a preventive character to avoid severe courses of COVID‐19 is still not available.ConclusionsIn the present study, we provide a brief review of the general biological features of CoVs and explain the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and diagnostic approaches regarding monitoring future infectivity and prevent emerging COVID‐19 infections.
CircADAMTS6/miR‐431‐5p axis regulate interleukin‐1β induced chondrocyte apoptosis
Authors: Fu Qiwei , Li Lexiang , Wang Bo , Wu Jun , Li Haobo , Han Yaguang , Xiang Dong , Chen Yi , Zhu Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The present study aimed to explore the CircADAMTS6/miR‐431‐5p axis with respect to regulating interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) induced chondrocyte apoptosis.MethodsWe first evaluated the differentially expressed circRNAs between normal chondrocytes and interleukin (IL)‐1β‐stimulated chondrocytes. Then, bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the role and function of circADAMTS6. Small interfering RNA‐expressing or overexpressing circADAMTS6 lentiviral vectors were used for transduction of chondrocytes. Annexin‐V‐fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) double staining was performed to measure the apoptotic rate of the chondrocytes in each group. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to identify the target relationship between circADAMTS6 and miR‐431‐5p.ResultsAfter treatment with IL‐1β, circADAMTS6 was down‐regulated compared to the normal chondrocyte group. The overexpression of circADAMTS6 inhibited apoptosis in human chondrocytes, as indicated by annexin‐V‐FITC double staining. However, overexpression of miR‐431‐5p had the opposite effect. A dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that circADAMTS6 could directly binding with miR‐431‐5p.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the circADAMTS6/miR‐431‐5p axis comprises a new target for OA. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that circADAMTS6 acted as a sponge of miR‐431‐5p.
Longitudinal Assessment of Patients With Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease With Multivolume Noncontrast MRI and Spirometry
Authors: Pennati Francesca , Borzani Irene , Moroni Laura , Russo Maria Chiara , Faelli Nadia , Aliverti Andrea , Colombo Carla 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMRI has been suggested as a radiation‐free imaging modality to investigate early structural alterations and regional functional impairment in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease.Purpose/HypothesisTo compare functional and morphological MRI changes over the course of the disease to changes in spirometry.Study TypeLongitudinal retrospective study.PopulationTwenty patients with CF lung disease (at baseline, age = 16.5 (13.3–20.6) years, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (as % of predicted [%pred]) FEV1 = 71 (59–87) %pred, forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity FEF25‐75 = 39 (25–63) %pred.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T / T2‐weighted HASTE; T2‐weighted TSE‐PROPELLER; T2‐weighted bSSFP; T1‐weighted 3D GRE.AssessmentNonenhanced chest MRI and spirometry were retrospectively collected over a 3‐year period from the initial recruitment visit. Images acquired at end‐inspiration and end‐expiration were registered by software using the optical flow method to measure expiratory‐inspiratory differences in MR signal‐intensity (Δ1H‐MRI). Measures of CF functional impairment were defined from Δ1H‐MRI: Δ1H‐MRI median, Δ1H‐MRI quartile coefficient of variation (QCV), and percent low‐signal‐variation volume (LVV). MR images were also evaluated by three readers using a CF‐specific scoring system.Statistical TestsSpearman correlation analysis, Spearman rank correlation analysis, linear mixed‐effect model analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsFunctional imaging parameters and total morphological score correlated with all spirometric measures, as did subscores of bronchial wall thickening/bronchiectasis, mucus plugging, and consolidation. Overall, the percent change of Δ1H‐MRI median correlated with the percent change of FEV1 (ΔFEV1, r = 0.41, P < 0.01) and the percent change of FEF25‐75 (ΔFEF25‐75%, r = 0.38, P < 0.01). The percent change of LVV correlated with ΔFEV1 (r = –0.47, P < 0.001) and ΔFEF25‐75 (r = –0.50, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that nonenhanced multivolume MRI may provide a feasible tool to regionally map early pulmonary alterations for longitudinal evaluation of CF lung disease, without exposing the patients to ionizing radiation.Level of Evidence3TTechnical Efficacy Stage5