bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENGARUH KINERJA LINGKUNGAN DAN PENGUNGKAPAN SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Pratama Muhammad Farizal Gigih Putra , Purnamawati Indah , Sayekti Yosefa 
Published: February 2020

This study aims to test and analyze environmental performance and sustainability reporting disclosures in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study also aims to determine the effect of environmental performance and sustainability reporting disclosure on firm value. This research uses quantitative research using purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. This research was conducted by selecting research data in accordance with the criteria of a sample of 17 manufacturing companies. The data used are secondary data, namely data obtained indirectly from original sources but through internet intermediary media in the form of financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and references in the form of supporting books that relate to research.
Keywords: Environmental Performance, Firm Value, Sustainability Reporting, Firm Value
PENERAPAN METODE VARIABLE COSTING DALAM PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI UNTUK MENENTUKAN HARGA JUAL
Authors: Purniawan Yuda , Mas'ud Imam , Wulandari Novi 
Published: February 2020

This research is focused on the Application of Variable Costing Methods in Calculating Cost of Production to Determine Selling Prices. The purpose of this study is 1]. To determine the cost of production according to UD. Karunia. 2]. To determine the cost of production using the variable costing method at UD. Karunia. 3]. To find out the effect of changes in the method of calculating the cost of production and determining the new selling price of profits at UD. Karunia. This research is a descriptive qualitative study. This research was conducted at UD. Karunia Banyuwangi by using primary data and secondary data. Primary data is obtained through interviews with a deep, open, and structured nature. Secondary data obtained from documents belonging to UD. Karunia. Data analysis techniques are done by data reduction, data triangulation, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that UD. Karunia use the full costing method and it is produced that the cost of producing sponge cake is Rp 4.730 per pack. The calculation using the variable costing method resulted in the cost of producing sponge cake amounting to Rp 4.121, resulting in a lower difference of Rp 609. Changes in the calculation of cost of production were made as the basis for adjusting the newselling price of sponge cake to Rp 8.000 per pack and profit decreased by Rp 2.170.405.
Keywords: cost of production, selling price, variable costing
EXPERIMENTAL MATURATION OF FEATHERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERPRETATIONS OF FOSSIL FEATHERS
Authors: ZHAO TAO , HU JIANFANG , HU LIANG , PAN YANHONG 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Exceptionally preserved fossil feathers and feather-like integumentary structures provide valuable insights into the early evolution of feathers and flight, but taphonomic biases often make interpretations at the microstructural and ultrastructural levels ambiguous. Maturation experiments have been demonstrated to be useful for investigating the taphonomic alterations of soft tissues, including feathers, during diagenesis. However, experimentally matured feathers resembling fossil feathers preserving keratinous matrix have not yet been obtained. Here we employ experimental maturation to obtain feathers corresponding to different degradation stages, and compare these matured feathers with untreated feathers and fossil feathers at the macroscopic, microstructural, and ultrastructural levels. Results show that several features of thermally matured feathers are similar to those found in fossil feathers. The fusion of barbules that occurred in thermally matured feathers suggests that such a process could occur during diagenesis, making barbules difficult to identify in fossil feathers. Under the most extreme experimental condition, the keratinous matrix can partially survive when the whole feather is turned into ash-like remains and many melanosomes are exposed. Moreover, our results show that the keratinous matrix immediately surrounding melanosomes appears to be more resistant to degradation than the unpigmented keratinous matrix, supporting the hypothesis that melanin can act as a fixative agent to prevent the degradation of keratin.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus among antenatal clinic attendees in Gamawa Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Authors: MUSTAPHA GARBA UMAR , Ibrahim Abdulrasul , Balogun Muhammad Shakir , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Mamman Aisha Indo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B virus disease is a potentially life-threatening liver infection and a major global health problem. It causes chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. WHO estimated 257 million people are living with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and in 2015 alone HBV resulted in to 887,000 deaths globally. We determined the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B virus infection among Antenatal Care (ANC) attendees in Gamawa Local Government Area, Bauchi State.
Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional, health facility-based study between March and April 2018. We used systematic random sampling technique to recruit 210 pregnant women aged 15-49 years. With a structured questionnaire, we interviewed the respondents and collected blood sample to test for hepatitis B surface antigen. We calculated frequencies, means, proportions, and tested for associations using Epi Info 7.2 and Microsoft Excel.
Results: The mean age of respondents was 24.5 ± 6.0 years; 112 (53%) of whom were younger than 25 years. All were married, 183 (87%) had no formal education and up to 190 (90%) were employed. Overall, 14 (6.7%) tested positive for HBsAg; women aged ≥35 years had the highest prevalence (10%). None with tertiary education tested positive and women married before 18 years had 13 (6.2%) prevalence.
Conclusions: The prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women in Gamawa LGA was 6.7% which is quite lower than the national prevalence reported. We recommended improved surveillance of HBV infection and screening of women attending ANC.
Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis B Surface antigen, Prevalence, Pregnancy, Health facilities, Hepatitis B
Validation and Modification of Staging Systems for Poorly Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Haihong , Lin Zhenyu , Li Guiling , Zhang Dejun , Yu Dandan , Lin Qili , Wang Jing , Zhao Ye , Pi Guoliang , Zhang Tao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) staging classifications are two broadly used systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This study aims to identify the most accurate and useful TNM staging system for poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas(pNECs).Methods: An analysis was performed to evaluate the application of the ENETS, 7th edition (7th) AJCC and 8th edition (8th) AJCC staging classifications using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry (N = 568 patients). A modified system was proposed based on analysis of the 7th AJCC classification. Results: In multivariable analyses, only the 7th AJCC staging system allocated patients into four different risk groups, compared with the 8th AJCC staging system and ENETS staging system, although there was no significant difference. We modified the staging classification by maintaining the T and M definitions of the 7th AJCC staging and adopting new staging definitions. An increased hazard ratio (HR) of death was also observed from class I to class IV for the modified 7th (m7th) staging system (compared with stage I disease; HR for stage II =1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.73-2.06, P =0.44; HR for stage III =2.20, 95% CI =1.06-4.56, P=0.03; HR for stage IV =4.95, 95% CI =3.20-7.65, P < 0.001).The concordance index (C-index) was higher for local disease with the m7th AJCC staging system than with the 7th AJCC staging system. Conclusions: The m7th AJCC staging system for pNECs proposed in this study provides improvements and may be assessed for potential adoption in the next edition.
Dynamics of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens colonisation in a cohort of prematurely born neonatal infants
Authors: Shaw Alexander G , Cornwell Emma , Sim Kathleen , Thrower Hannah , Scott Hannah , Brown Joseph C S , Dixon Ronald A , Kroll J Simon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Clostridium perfringens forms part of the human gut microbiota and has been associated with life-threatening necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants. Whether specific toxigenic strains are responsible is unknown, as is the extent of diversity of strains in healthy premature babies. We investigated the C. perfringens carrier status of premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit, factors influence this status, and the toxic potential of the strains.
Methods
C. perfringens was isolated by culture from faecal samples from 333 infants and their toxin gene profiles analysed by PCR. A survival analysis was used to identify factors affecting probability of carriage. Competitive growth experiments were used to explore the results of the survival analysis.
Results
29.4% of infants were colonized with C. perfringens before they left hospital. Three factors were inversely associated with probability of carriage: increased duration of maternal milk feeds, CPAP oxygen treatment and antibiotic treatment. C. perfringens grew poorly in breast milk and was significantly outperformed by Bifidobacterium infantis, whether grown together or separately. Toxin gene screening revealed that infants carried isolates positive for collagenase, perfringolysin O, beta 2, beta, becA/B, netB and enterotoxin toxin genes, yet none were observed to be associated with the development of NEC.
Conclusions
Approximately a third of preterm infants are colonised three weeks after birth with toxin gene-carrying C. perfringens. We speculate that increased maternal breast milk, oxygen and antibiotic treatment creates an environment in the gut hostile to growth of C. perfringens. Whilst potentially toxigenic C. perfringens isolates were frequent, no toxin type was associated with NEC.
Brucella melitensis B115-Based ELISA to Unravel False Positive Serologic Reactions in Bovine Brucellosis: A Field Study
Authors: Trotta Adriana , Marinaro Mariarosaria , Cirilli Margie , Sposato Alessio , Adone Rosanna , Beverelli Matteo , Buonavoglia Domenico , Corrente Marialaura 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Brucellosis is a zoonosis whose incidence is not declining worldwide despite the global effort to control the disease. Accurate and precise diagnosis is a crucial step in any prophylaxis program but single tests to unequivocally detect animals infected with Brucella spp. are currently unavailable. In Italy, serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis is performed with two official tests: a rapid agglutination test (i.e., Rose Bengal Plate test, RBPT) and a complement fixation test (CFT) that detect antibodies directed mainly to the smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS). Neither of the two tests is able to avoid the detection of false positive serological reactions (FPSRs) caused by bacteria sharing S-LPS components with Brucella spp. and responsible for the single reactors (SR) phenomenon. A B. melitensis R strain-based ELISA showed a good diagnostic performance in unravelling FP animals; however, since a limited number of animals were analyzed in that study, a large field study was conducted here to discriminate between Brucella-infected from FP animals, with the final aim of reducing the unnecessary slaughter of the latter. An ELISA based on a R strain of Brucella, i.e., Brucella melitensis B115, was employed to measure specific IgG responses in a collection of bovine sera (n=648). Sera were obtained from 180 farms (either officially brucellosis-free or not brucellosis-free) recruited during an extended period of time (2014-2018) and were preliminarily assayed with the official tests by the Italian Reference Centers and then subjected to the ELISA. Results: Negative sera, when subjected to the ELISA, gave O.D. values below the cutoff; SR sera, i.e. RBPT positive and CFT negative, as well as double positive (DP) sera, i.e. RBPT and CFT positive, gave O.D. values that were below the cutoff. All positive sera, i.e. from Brucella-infected animals, were RBPT positive and CFT positive (ICFTU ranging from 20 to 1280) and gave ELISA O.D. values above the cutoff. Conclusions: The B. melitensis B115-based ELISA systematically unravelled all false positive (FP) sera while confirming the diagnosis in Brucella-infected animals. Thus, the test employed in the present study may complement the official assays to avoid the costly slaughter of FP animals.
Perspectives of General Practitioners and Nursing Staff on Acute Hospital Transfers of Nursing Home Residents in Germany: Results of two cross-sectional Studies
Authors: Fassmer Alexander Maximilian , Pulst Alexandra , Spreckelsen Ove , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Visits in emergency departments and hospital admissions are common among nursing home (NH) residents and they are associated with significant complications. Many of these transfers are considered inappropriate. This study aimed to compare the perceptions of general practitioners (GPs) and NH staff on hospital transfers among residents and to illustrate measures for improvement.

Methods : Two cross-sectional studies were conducted as surveys among 1,121 GPs in the German federal states Bremen and Lower Saxony and staff from 1,069 NHs (preferably nursing staff managers) from all over Germany, each randomly selected. Questionnaires were sent in August 2018 and January 2019, respectively. The answers were compared between GPs and NH staff using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests and χ2-tests.

Results : We received 375 GP questionnaires (response: 34%) and 486 NH questionnaires (response: 45%). GPs estimated the proportion of inappropriate transfers higher than NH staff (hospital admissions: 35.0% vs. 25.6%, p<0.0001; emergency department visits: 39.9% vs. 20.9%, p<0.0001). The majority of NH staff and nearly half of the GPs agreed that NH residents do often not benefit from hospital admissions (NHs: 61.4% vs. GPs: 48.8%; p=0.0009). Both groups rated almost all potential measures for improvement differently (p<0.0001), however, GPs and NH staff considered most areas to reduce hospital transfers importantly. The two most important measures for GPs were more nursing staff (91.6%) and better communication between nursing staff and GP (90.9%). NH staff considered better care / availability of GP (82.8%) and medical specialists (81.3%) as most important. Both groups rated similarly the importance of explicit advance directives (GPs: 77.2%, NHs: 72.4%; p=0.1492).

Conclusions : A substantial proportion of hospital transfers from NHs were considered inappropriate. Partly, the ratings of possible areas for improvement differed between GPs and NH staff indicating that both groups seem to pass the responsibility to each other. These findings, however, support the need for interprofessional collaboration.
Genomic-based identification of environmental and clinical Listeria monocytogenes strains associated with an abortion outbreak in beef heifers
Authors: Whitman Katherine , Bono James L. , Clawson Michael L. , Loy John D. , Bosilevac Joseph M. , Arthur Terrance M. , Ondrak Jeff D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background In a beef cattle facility an outbreak of abortions occurred over a 36-day period and included two aborted fetuses and 21 post-abortion clinical cases sampled. There are numerous etiologies, including clinical listeriosis. At the species level, Listeria monocytogenes is ubiquitous in cattle production environments, including soil, feed, and occasionally water sources, and is a common enteric resident of cattle and other mammals. There are four genetically distinct lineages of L. monocytogenes (I-IV), with most lineage III and IV isolates obtained from ruminants. Definitive diagnosis of L. monocytogenes as a causative agent in disease outbreaks relies upon case identification, appropriate sample collection, and laboratory confirmation. Furthermore, clearly establishing a relationship between a pathogen source and clinical disease is difficult. Results Of the two fetal and 21 clinical case submissions, 19 were positive for L. monocytogenes. Subsequent culture for L. monocytogenes from water and silage sources identified both as potential origins of infection. Using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, clinical, water and silage L. monocytogenes strains grouped into two of four lineages. All water and silage strains, plus 11 clinical strains placed in lineage III, with identical or nearly identical genomic sequences. The remaining eight clinical strains placed in lineage I, with seven having nearly identical sequences and one distinctly different. Conclusion Three genetically distinct strains within two lineages of L. monocytogenes caused the abortion outbreak. The etiology of abortion in 11 cases was directly linked to water and silage contamination from a lineage III L. monocytogenes strain. The source of infection for the remaining abortion cases with two different strains from lineage I is unknown. This is the first report of L. monocytogenes genomics being used as part of an outbreak investigation of cattle abortion.
Is caregiver sex associated with HIV infection among orphans and vulnerable children in Tanzania? Learning from the USAID Kizazi Kipya Project
Authors: Exavery Amon , Charles John , Kuhlik Erica , Barankena Asheri , Koler Alison , Kikoyo Levina , Jere Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Tanzania has met only 50.1% of the 90% target for diagnosing HIV in children. Context-specific strategies are necessary to find the hidden children for HIV testing. This study assesses the association between caregiver sex and HIV status of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Methods Data originate from the community-based, USAID-funded Kizazi Kipya Project, which works towards increasing OVC’s and their caregivers’ uptake of HIV/AIDS and other social services in Tanzania. Included in this study are 39,578 OVC ages 0–19 years who the project served during January-March 2017 in 18 regions of Tanzania and who voluntarily reported their HIV status. Data analysis involved multi-level logistic regression, with OVC HIV status as the outcome and caregiver’s sex the main independent variable. Results Three-quarters (74.3%) of the OVC included in the study had female caregivers, and their overall HIV prevalence was 7.1%. The prevalence was significantly higher (p<0.001) among OVC with male caregivers (7.8%) than among OVC with female caregivers (6.8%), and indeed, multivariate analysis showed that OVC with male caregivers were significantly 40% more likely to be HIV-positive than those with female caregivers (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.08–1.83). This effect was the strongest among 0–4 year-olds (OR=4.02, 95% CI 1.61–10.03), declined to 1.72 among 5–9 year-olds (OR=1.72, 95% CI 1.02–2.93), and lost significance for children over age 9 years. This effect was adjusted for OVC sex and nutritional status; caregiver marital status, education level, and HIV status; family’s place of residence, size, wealth quintile, and health insurance ownership; and co-residence of multiple OVC. Conclusion OVC in Tanzania with male caregivers have a 40% higher likelihood of being HIVpositive than those with female caregivers. HIV risk assessment activities should target OVC with male caregivers, as well as OVC who have malnutrition, HIV-positive caregivers, or caregivers who do not disclose their HIV status to community volunteers. Further, younger HIV-positive OVC are more likely to live in rural areas, while older HIV-positive OVC are more likely to live in urban areas. These factors should be integrated in HIV risk assessment algorithms to enhance HIV testing yields and pediatric case-finding in the OVC population in Tanzania.
An immune-centric exploration of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation related breast and ovarian cancers
Authors: Przybytkowski Ewa , Davis Thomas , Hosny Abdelrahman , Eismann Julia , Matulonis Ursula A. , Wulf Gerburg M. , Nabavi Sheida 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: BRCA1/2 germline mutation related cancers are candidates for new immune therapeutic interventions. This study was a hypothesis generating exploration of genomic data collected at diagnosis for 19 patients. The prominent tumor mutation burden (TMB) in hereditary breast and ovarian cancers in this cohort was not correlated with high global immune activity in their microenvironments. More information is needed about the relationship between genomic instability, phenotypes and immune microenvironments of these hereditary tumors in order to find appropriate markers of immune activity and the most effective anticancer immune strategies. Methods: Mining and statistical analyses of the original DNA and RNA sequencing data and The Cancer Genome Atlas data were performed. To interpret the data, we have used published literature and web available resources such as Gene Ontology, The Cancer immunome Atlas and the Cancer Research Institute iAtlas. Results: We found that BRCA1/2 germline related breast and ovarian cancers do not represent a unique phenotypic identity, but they express a range of phenotypes similar to sporadic cancers. All breast and ovarian BRCA1/2 related tumors are characterized by high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and low aneuploidy. Interestingly, all sporadic high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) and most of the subtypes of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) also express a high degree of HRD.Conclusions: TMB is not associated with the magnitude of the immune response in hereditary BRCA1/2 related breast and ovarian cancers or in sporadic TNBC and sporadic HGSOC. Hereditary tumors express phenotypes as heterogenous as sporadic tumors with various degree of “BRCAness” and various characteristics of the immune microenvironments. The subtyping criteria developed for sporadic tumors can be applied for the classification of hereditary tumors and possibly also characterization of their immune microenvironment. A high HRD score may be a good candidate biomarker for response to platinum, and potentially PARP-inhibition.Trial registration: Phase I Study of the Oral PI3kinase Inhibitor BKM120 or BYL719 and the Oral PARP Inhibitor Olaparib in Patients With Recurrent TNBC or HGSOC (NCT01623349), first posted on June 20, 2012. The design and the outcome of the clinical trial is not in the scope of this study.