bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported work ability predicts health-related exit and absence from work, work participation, and death: longitudinal findings from a sample of German employees
Authors: Bethge Matthias , Spanier Katja , Köhn Stefanie , Schlumbohm Anna 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
The cohort study examined the performance of the Work Ability Index in predicting health-related exit and absence from work, work participation, and death among a sample of workers previously receiving sickness absence benefits.

Methods
Workers aged 40–54 years who received sickness absence benefits in 2012 completed the Work Ability Index in 2013. Outcomes were extracted from administrative data records covering the period until the end of 2016.

Results
Data for 2266 participants were included (mean age: 47.9 years; 54.4% women). Maximum follow-up was 43 months. In terms of work ability, 38.4% had good scores, 38.2% moderate scores, and 23.4% poor scores. Fully adjusted analyses showed an increased risk of a disability pension in workers with poor (HR = 12.98; 95% CI 5.81–28.99) and moderate Work Ability Index scores (HR = 3.17; 95% CI 1.36–7.38) compared to workers with good or excellent scores. The risk of a rehabilitation measure was also significantly increased for workers with poor and moderate scores. In addition, poor scores were prospectively associated with a longer duration of sickness absence and unemployment benefits, and fewer employment days and less income from regular employment. Those with poor Work Ability Index scores also had a significantly increased risk of premature death.

Conclusions
The Work Ability Index is a potential tool to identify individuals with previous long-term sickness absence having an increased risk of health-related exit and absence from work and poor work participation outcomes.
Simultaneous saccharification and lactic acid fermentation of the cellulosic fraction of municipal solid waste using Bacillus smithii
Authors: Chacón Micaela G. , Ibenegbu Christopher , Leak David J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
A primary drawback to simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes is the incompatibility of the temperature and pH optima for the hydrolysis and fermentation steps—with the former working best at 50–55 °C and pH 4.5–5.5. Here, nine thermophilic Bacillus and Parageobacillus spp. were evaluated for growth and lactic acid fermentation at high temperature and low pH. The most promising candidate was then carried forward to demonstrate SSF using the cellulosic fraction from municipal solid waste (MSW) as a feedstock.

Results
B. smithii SA8Eth was identified as the most promising candidate and in a batch SSF maintained at 55 °C and pH 5.0, using a cellulase dose of 5 FPU/g glucan, it produced 5.1 g/L lactic acid from 2% (w/v) MSW cellulosic pulp in TSB media.

Conclusion
This work has both scientific and industrial relevance, as it evaluates a number of previously untrialled bacterial hosts for their compatibility with lignocellulosic SSF for lactic acid production and successfully identifies B. smithii as a potential candidate for such a process.
Clinical validity of clinical treatment score 5 (CTS5) for estimating risk of late recurrence in unselected, non-trial patients with early oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Richman Juliet , Ring Alistair , Dowsett Mitch , Sestak Ivana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeClinical Treatment Score at 5 years (CTS5) is a prognostic tool to estimate distant recurrence (DR) risk after 5 years of endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer.MethodsThe validity of CTS5 was tested in a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with early ER-positive breast cancer. The primary endpoint was DR in years 5–10. The primary analysis cohort consisted of postmenopausal women, with premenopausal women as a secondary analysis cohort. Cox regression models were used to determine the prognostic value of CTS5 and Kaplan–Meier curves were used with associated 10-year DR risks (%).Results2428 women were included with a median follow-up of 13.4 years. The CTS5 was significantly prognostic in both postmenopausal (N = 1662, HR = 2.18 95% CI (1.78–2.67)) and premenopausal women (N = 766, HR = 1.84 95% CI (1.32–2.56)). The 10-year DR risks were 2.9% (1.9–4.5), 7.2% (5.3–9.9), and 12.9% (10.0–16.7) for low, intermediate and high risk in postmenopausal women and 3.8% (2.2–6.7), 6.9% (4.4–10.8), and 11.1% (7.4–16.5) in premenopausal women, respectively. The number of observed DRs was significantly greater than expected in those predicted to be at high risk by CTS5 but this discordance was lost when those receiving more than 60 months of endocrine therapy were excluded.ConclusionsThe CTS5 demonstrated clinical validity for predicting late DR within a large cohort of unselected postmenopausal patients but less so in premenopausal patients. Calibration of the CTS5 was good in patients who did not receive extended endocrine therapy. The CTS5 low-risk cohort has risk of DR so low as to not warrant extended endocrine therapy.
Trichoderma asperellum efficiently protects Quercus robur leaves against Erysiphe alphitoides
Authors: Oszako Tomasz , Voitka Dmitry , Stocki Marcin , Stocka Natalia , Nowakowska Justyna Anna , Linkiewicz Anna , Hsiang Tom , Belbahri Lassaâd , Berezovska Daria , Malewski Tadeusz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe protective effects of Trichoderma asperellum IZR D-11 as a biocontrol agent against the powdery mildew Erysiphe alphitoides infecting leaves of Quercus robur were evaluated for the first time. A strain of Trichoderma had earlier been isolated in Belarus, and was identified in this study as T. asperellum by sequencing of three genomic markers: internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1 alpha and RNA polymerase II subunit 2, with over 99.2% identity to corresponding genomic sequences in GenBank. When applied once in the first year just after onset of powdery mildew disease, T asperellum IZR D-11 reduced disease progression and continued to reduce powdery mildew levels during the following three years. Photosynthetic activity as represented by chlorophyll fluorescence measured in oak seedlings was increased in treated plants, and greater assimilate production was also found. The use of this antagonistic fungus increased the total water content in oak leaves suggesting that T. asperellum IZR D-11 can serve as a preventive measure to reduce energy losses in the process of water transpiration. GC-MS analysis detected 49 volatile compounds in the headspace of pure cultures of T. asperellum. Sesquiterpenes represented mainly by daucene, dauca-4(11),8-diene and isodaucene were the largest group of compounds emitted. We speculate that these volatiles from T. asperellum IZR D-11 may be involved in induced resistance in the plant, but further research is needed. The above results suggest that T. asperellum strain IZR D-11 has potential as a biocontrol agent of oak powdery mildew in forest nurseries.
Parametric and non-parametric estimation of extreme earthquake event: the joint tail inference for mainshocks and aftershocks
Authors: Cai Juan-Juan , Wan Phyllis , Ozel Gamze 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn an earthquake event, the combination of a strong mainshock and damaging aftershocks is often the cause of severe structural damages and/or high death tolls. The objective of this paper is to provide estimation for the probability of such extreme events where the mainshock and the largest aftershocks exceed certain thresholds. Two approaches are illustrated and compared – a parametric approach based on previously observed stochastic laws in earthquake data, and a non-parametric approach based on bivariate extreme value theory. We analyze the earthquake data from the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) in Turkey during 1965–2018 and show that the two approaches provide unifying results.
Infantile fibrosarcoma with TPM3-NTRK1 fusion in a boy with Bloom syndrome
Authors: Huson Sue M. , Staab Timo , Pereira Marta , Ward Heather , Paredes Roberto , Evans D. Gareth , Baumhoer Daniel , O’Sullivan James , Cheesman Ed , Schindler Detlev , Meyer Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBloom syndrome (BS) is a genomic and chromosomal instability disorder with prodigious cancer predisposition caused by pathogenic variants in BLM. We report the clinical and genetic details of a boy who first presented with infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS) at the age of 6 months and subsequently was diagnosed with BS at the age of 9 years. Molecular analysis identified the pathogenic germline BLM sequence variants (c.1642C>T and c.2207_2212delinsTAGATTC). This is the first report of IFS related to BS, for which we show that both BLM alleles are maintained in the tumor and demonstrate a TPM3-NTKR1 fusion transcript in the IFS. Our communication emphasizes the importance of long-term follow up after treatment for pediatric neoplastic conditions, as clues to important genetic entities might manifest later, and the identification of a heritable tumor predisposition often leads to changes in patient surveillance and management.
Households, bubbles and hugging grandparents: Caring and lockdown rules during COVID-19
Authors: Gulland Jackie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEfforts to combat the COVID-19 crisis brought mountains of legislation and guidance to coerce or encourage people to stay at home and reduce the spread of the virus. During peak lockdown in the United Kingdom (UK) regulations defined when people could or could not leave their homes. Meanwhile guidance on social distancing advised people to stay within ‘households’. This paper explores the legislation under lockdowns in the UK from March to October 2020 and the implications for women’s gendered caring roles. The regulations and guidance assumed that households were separate units and ignored the interdependencies which exist between households and between individuals and wider society. The continuing focus in the lockdown regulations has been on households as autonomous, safe, adequate and secure. This overlooks the interdependency of human life, gendered aspects of caring and the inequalities of housing and living conditions, highlighted by feminist scholarship.
Influence of competition and predation on survival of the hydrilla tip mining midge and its success as a potential augmentative biological control agent of hydrilla
Authors: Stachowiak Courtney , Baniszewski Julie , Cuda James P. , St. Mary Colette , Weeks Emma N. I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrilla verticillatais an aquatic weed that grows densely throughout the water column and is costly to manage. The hydrilla tip mining midge,Cricotopus lebetis, a potential augmentative biological control agent of hydrilla, feeds on the apical meristem preventing growth. The goal of this study was to quantify the influence of a predator (mosquitofish,Gambusiasp.) and a competitor (hydrilla leafcutter moth,Parapoynx diminutalis) and their interactions, on the ability of the midge to survive and feed on hydrilla. The first experiment involved six treatments established in 37.8 L tanks with combinations of the organisms, including larvalC. lebetis. Survival to adult midge eclosion was significantly reduced in the presence of the predator but was unaffected by the competitor’s presence alone. Apical meristem damage was reduced when both the competitor and predator were present. The second experiment included four treatments withC. lebetisegg masses or larvae and the presence or absence of mosquitofish. AddingC. lebetisas eggs rather than as larvae increased midge survival in the absence of the predator. Midge survival was lower when larvae were added, but the predator had no additional effect. To facilitate successful establishment of the midge and control of hydrilla, high numbers of larvae should be released to overcome predation.
On a generalization of Schur theorem concerning resultants
Authors: Ulas Maciej 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLetKbe a field and put$${\mathcal {A}}:=\{(i,j,k,m)\in \mathbb {N}^{4}:\;i\le j\;\text{ and }\;m\le k\}$$A:={(i,j,k,m)∈N4:i≤jandm≤k}. For any given$$A\in {\mathcal {A}}$$A∈Awe consider the sequence of polynomials$$(r_{A,n}(x))_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$$(rA,n(x))n∈Ndefined by the recurrence$$\begin{aligned} r_{A,n}(x)=f_{n}(x)r_{A,n-1}(x)-v_{n}x^{m}r_{A,n-2}(x),\;n\ge 2, \end{aligned}$$rA,n(x)=fn(x)rA,n-1(x)-vnxmrA,n-2(x),n≥2,where the initial polynomials$$r_{A,0}, r_{A,1}\in K[x]$$rA,0,rA,1∈K[x]are of degreei, jrespectively and$$f_{n}\in K[x], n\ge 2$$fn∈K[x],n≥2, is of degreekwith variable coefficients. The aim of the paper is to prove the formula for the resultant$${\text {Res}}(r_{A,n}(x),r_{A,n-1}(x))$$Res(rA,n(x),rA,n-1(x)). Our result is an extension of the classical Schur formula which is obtained for$$A=(0,1,1,0)$$A=(0,1,1,0). As an application we get the formula for the resultant$${\text {Res}}(r_{A,n},r_{A,n-2})$$Res(rA,n,rA,n-2), where the sequence$$(r_{A,n})_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$$(rA,n)n∈Nis the sequence of orthogonal polynomials corresponding to a moment functional which is symmetric.
Histamine augments collagen content via H1 receptor stimulation in cultures of myofibroblasts taken from wound granulation tissue
Authors: Wolak Monika , Bojanowska Ewa , Staszewska Teresa , Piera Lucyna , Szymański Jacek , Drobnik Jacek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe inflammatory reaction influences the deposition of collagen within wound granulation tissue. The aim of the present study is to determine whether histamine acting directly on myofibroblasts derived from wound granulation tissue may influence collagen deposition. It also identifies the histamine receptor involved in this process. The experiments were carried out on cells isolated from the granulation tissue of a wound model (a polypropylene net inserted subcutaneously to rats) or intact rat skin. Collagen content was measured following the addition of different concentrations of histamine and treatment with histamine receptor antagonists (ketotifen – H1 inhibitor, ranitidine – H2 inhibitor) and a histamine receptor H1 agonist (2-pyridylethylamine dihydrochloride).The cells were identified as myofibroblasts: alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin positive in all experimental conditions. Histamine increased the collagen level within both cell cultures, i.e., those isolated from granulation tissue or intact skin. It did not, however, influence the expression of either the collagen type I or III genes within the cultured myofibroblasts. Histamine activity was reduced by ketotifen (the H1 receptor inhibitor) and increased by the H1 receptor agonist, as demonstrated by changes in the levels of collagen in the myofibroblast culture. Histamine increased collagen content within the cultures, acting directly on myofibroblasts via H1 receptor stimulation.
Embodied Belonging: In/exclusion, Health Care, and Well-Being in a World in Motion
Authors: Mattes Dominik , Lang Claudia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this introduction, we propose the notion of ‘embodied belonging’ as a fruitful analytical heuristic for scholars in medical and psychological anthropology. We envision this notion to help us gain a more nuanced understanding of the entanglements of the political, social, and affective dimensions of belonging and their effects on health, illness, and healing. A focus on embodied belonging, we argue, reveals how displacement, exclusion, and marginalization cause existential and health-related ruptures in people’s lives and bodies, and how affected people, in the struggle for re/emplacement and re/integration, may regain health and sustain their well-being. Covering a variety of regional contexts (Germany/Vietnam, Norway, the UK, Japan), the contributions to this special issue examine how embodied non/belonging is experienced, re/imagined, negotiated, practiced, disrupted, contested, and achieved (or not) by their protagonists, who are excluded and marginalized in diverse ways. Each article highlights the intricate trajectories of how dynamics of non/belonging inscribe themselves in human bodies. They also reveal how belonging can be utilized and drawn on as a forceful means and resource of social resilience, if not (self-)therapy and healing.
Service Function Chain Placement for Joint Cost and Latency Optimization
Authors: Khoshkholghi Mohammad Ali , Gokan Khan Michel , Alizadeh Noghani Kyoomars , Taheri Javid , Bhamare Deval , Kassler Andreas , Xiang Zhengzhe , Deng Shuiguang , Yang Xiaoxian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNetwork Function Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging technology to consolidate network functions onto high volume storages, servers and switches located anywhere in the network. Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are chained together to provide a specific network service, called Service Function Chains (SFCs). Regarding to Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and network features and states, SFCs are served through performing two tasks: VNF placement and link embedding on the substrate networks. Reducing deployment cost is a desired objective for all service providers in cloud/edge environments to increase their profit form demanded services. However, increasing resource utilization in order to decrease deployment cost may lead to increase the service latency and consequently increase SLA violation and decrease user satisfaction. To this end, we formulate a multi-objective optimization model to joint VNF placement and link embedding in order to reduce deployment cost and service latency with respect to a variety of constraints. We, then solve the optimization problem using two heuristic-based algorithms that perform close to optimum for large scale cloud/edge environments. Since the optimization model involves conflicting objectives, we also investigate pareto optimal solution so that it optimizes multiple objectives as much as possible. The efficiency of proposed algorithms is evaluated using both simulation and emulation. The evaluation results show that the proposed optimization approach succeed in minimizing both cost and latency while the results are as accurate as optimal solution obtained by Gurobi (5%).
Phylosymmetric Algebras: Mathematical Properties of a New Tool in Phylogenetics
Authors: Hendriksen Michael , Shore Julia A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn phylogenetics, it is of interest for rate matrix sets to satisfy closure under matrix multiplication as this makes finding the set of corresponding transition matrices possible without having to compute matrix exponentials. It is also advantageous to have a small number of free parameters as this, in applications, will result in a reduction in computation time. We explore a method of building a rate matrix set from a rooted tree structure by assigning rates to internal tree nodes and states to the leaves, then defining the rate of change between two states as the rate assigned to the most recent common ancestor of those two states. We investigate the properties of these matrix sets from both a linear algebra and a graph theory perspective and show that any rate matrix set generated this way is closed under matrix multiplication. The consequences of setting two rates assigned to internal tree nodes to be equal are then considered. This methodology could be used to develop parameterised models of amino acid substitution which have a small number of parameters but convey biological meaning.
Assessment of Arsenic in Groundwater of Southwestern Haryana, India and Chemical Body Burden Caused by its Ingestion
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Garg V. K. , Singh Balvinder , Mor Suman 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study was undertaken to quantify the naturally occurring arsenic in the groundwater and chemical body burden caused by its ingestion at some villages of Fatehabad district, Haryana, India. The arsenic levels in groundwater were quantified by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). Arsenic concentration in the groundwater was found to be in the range of &lt;0.05 to 4.53 μg L–1 which is within WHO and BIS acceptable limits (10 μg L–1). The significant positive correlation between pH - As (r=0.38**; P&lt;0.01) showed that arsenic is more soluble in water at higher pH values. Oral arsenic exposure via groundwater ingestion ranged from &lt;0.003 to 0.31 μg kg–1 day–1 which is significantly lower than WHO and BIS acceptable level (0.68 μg kg–1 day–1). The calculated non-cancer health risk was &lt;1.0 which indicated that chemical burden caused by arsenic through drinking water in the study area is not a cause of concern. The calculated carcinogenic health risk was in the range of &lt;5.06E-06 - 4.59E-04 which is slightly higher than acceptable limits.
Occurrence of naphthenate deposition in crude oil production field offshore Niger Delta
Authors: Lawal Opeyemi , Adekola Solomon A. , Akinlua Akinsehinwa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCrude oil and produced water samples obtained from ten wells in an offshore field, Niger Delta, were analyzed, in order to determine the occurrence of naphthenates deposition in the field. Total acid number (TAN) and °API of the crude oil samples, pH and metal ions concentrations of the produced water samples were determined. The results revealed that TAN values ranged from 0.47 to 1.01 mgKOH/g with pH of 6.9–8.9, which were above established threshold. The metal ions concentrations especially for Ca++ and Na+ were relatively high. These imply a high possibility of metal-naphthenate precipitation in the oil production facilities in this field.
It All Depends on What You Want to Believe: How Young Adults Navigate Religion and Science
Authors: Longest Kyle C. , Uecker Jeremy E. 
Published: November 2020

Background Religion and science are typically portrayed as fundamentally at odds and in competition over truth claims. Yet recent studies have shown that many Americans, including scientists, do not necessarily hold such a straightforward perspective on this complicated relationship. The majority of current studies have been limited in fully capturing the way people construct and understand the relationship between these domains given their predominant use of close-ended survey methodologies. Purpose This study seeks to enhance our knowledge of how people navigate religion and science issues by allowing young adults to respond to open-ended questions from semi-structured, in-depth interviews about how they navigate the domains of religion and science. Methods We analyze 214 qualitative, in-depth interviews with young adults who participated in Wave 3 of the National Study of Youth and Religion. Results Results confirm that a warfare model is not the dominant perspective among young adults today. Rather, analyses revealed five predominant themes among young adults: (1) They commonly construe this relationship in purely individualistic terms, believing people do and should sort the truth out for themselves; (2) They see the two as mutually deficient and therefore both are needed to answer different questions; (3) Their understanding of this relationship reduces to how one views the origins of the world; (4) They believe the two can actually be mutually supportive; and (5) Any contention between the two stems from institutional conflicts, primarily in the realm of education, not competing claims about fundamental truths. Conclusions and Implications Beliefs about religion and science among young adults are complex and not captured fully by close-ended survey questions. This question is clearly one that most young adults have considered and can articulate. Future research should consider how these beliefs are formulated and what influence they have on life outcomes.