bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploitability prediction of software vulnerabilities
Authors: Bhatt Navneet , Anand Adarsh , Yadavalli V. S. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe number of security failure discovered and disclosed publicly are increasing at a pace like never before. Wherein, a small fraction of vulnerabilities encountered in the operational phase are exploited in the wild. It is difficult to find vulnerabilities during the early stages of software development cycle, as security aspects are often not known adequately. To counter these security implications, firms usually provide patches such that these security flaws are not exploited. It is a daunting task for a security manager to prioritize patches for vulnerabilities that are likely to be exploitable. This paper fills this gap by applying different machine learning techniques to classify the vulnerabilities based on previous exploit‐history. Our work indicates that various vulnerability characteristics such as severity, type of vulnerabilities, different software configurations, and vulnerability scoring parameters are important features to be considered in judging an exploit. Using such methods, it is possible to predict exploit‐prone vulnerabilities with an accuracy >85%. Finally, with this experiment, we conclude that supervised machine learning approach can be a useful technique in predicting exploit‐prone vulnerabilities.
Literacy Toy for Enhancement Phonological Awareness: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ramos-Galarza Carlos , Arias-Flores Hugo , Cóndor-Herrera Omar , Jadán-Guerrero Janio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this report it is presented the results of a longitudinal pre-experimental study, it was realized a technological intervention to stimulate the phonological awareness through a tangible reading toy based on the RFID technology, consisting of a teddy bear and 30 letters in 3D from the Spanish alphabet. This study started with a sample of 200 children, from them, there were selected 17 children aged between 6 and 7 years (Mage = 6.47, SD = .51) with a phonological disorder from an educative institution. The procedure consisted of obtaining pre-test and post-test values with the Evaluation of Phonological Awareness (PECFO). Sampling inclusion criteria considered children presenting problems of phonemes’ recognition and its relationship with graphemes. During 30 weeks it was realized an intervention with the technological toy and at the end of the sessions, it was applied the post-test. Results of phonological awareness showed statically significant differences among the pre (M = 12.88, SD = 3.53) and post-test (M = 17.17, SD = 2.96) this contributes to the empirical evidence of the intervened group improvement in this cognitive function t(16) = −3.67, p = .002. From this research it is projected proposing technological innovations contributing in the treatment of children’s cognitive difficulties.
$$ T\overline{T} $$
, black holes and negative strings
Authors: Chakraborty Soumangsu , Giveon Amit , Kutasov David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
String theory on AdS3 has a solvable single-trace irrelevant deformation that is closely related to $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

. For one sign of the coupling, it leads to an asymptotically linear dilaton spacetime, and a corresponding Hagedorn spectrum. For the other, the resulting spacetime has a curvature singularity at a finite radial location, and an upper bound on the energies of states. Beyond the singularity, the signature of spacetime is flipped and there is an asymptotically linear dilaton boundary at infinity. We study the properties of black holes and fundamental strings in this spacetime, and find a sensible picture. The singularity does not give rise to a hard ultraviolet wall for excitations -one must include the region beyond it to understand the theory. The size of black holes diverges as their energy approaches the upper bound, as does the location of the singularity. Fundamental strings pass smoothly through the singularity, but if their energy is above the upper bound, their trajectories are singular. From the point of view of the boundary at infinity, this background can be thought of as a vacuum of Little String Theory which contains a large number of negative strings.
Derivative couplings in gravitational production in the early universe
Authors: Borrajo Gutiérrez Daniel E. , Cembranos Jose A.R. , Garay Luis J. , Sánchez Velázquez Jose M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gravitational particle production in the early universe is due to the coupling of matter fields to curvature. This coupling may include derivative terms that modify the kinetic term. The most general first order action contains derivative couplings to the curvature scalar and to the traceless Ricci tensor, which can be dominant in the case of (pseudo-)Nambu-Goldstone bosons or disformal scalars, such as branons. In the presence of these derivative couplings, the density of produced particles for the adiabatic regime in the de Sitter phase (which mimics inflation) is constant in time and decays with the inverse effective mass (which in turn depends on the coupling to the curvature scalar). In the reheating phase following inflation, the presence of derivative couplings to the background curvature modifies in a nontrivial way the gravitational production even in the perturbative regime. We also show that the two couplings — to the curvature scalar and to the traceless Ricci tensor — are drastically different, specially for large masses. In this regime, the production becomes highly sensitive to the former coupling while it becomes independent of the latter.
Causality, poetics, and grammatology: the role of computation in machine seeing
Authors: Emsley Iain 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDigitised collections and born digital items, such as photos or video, exist beyond the scale of human viewing. New methods are required to read, understand and work with the data, resulting in computation becoming increasingly central to both creation of a cultural reality and as the interpretative tool and practice. If artists’ look, then how might a machine see as a critical tool? Developing work on computational culture and the Next Rembrandt project as unstable digital object, this paper considers how the medium affects computational critical practice. Drawing on Heidegger’s view of causality and Derrida’s grammatology, this paper explores how the medium acts a locus between the human and machine readings and the remediations that occur within the reading. This is developed as through a reading of how the interface translates the signs and symbols and how this affects the reading. By reconsidering the critical assemblage and using it to think with, the human and the machine are seen as critical partners. Attending to the materialities of the reading through a playful approach that decentres potential meaning encourages us to glimpse beneath the surface and gestures towards a critical practice as understanding both computation and its materiality.
A simple layout optimization formulation for load-carrying tensegrity structures
Authors: Nanayakkara K. I. U. , He Linwei , Fairclough Helen E. , Gilbert Matthew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTraditional tensegrity structures comprise isolated compression members lying inside a continuous network of tension members. In this contribution, a simple numerical layout optimization formulation is presented and used to identify the topologies of minimum volume tensegrity structures designed to carry external applied loads. Binary variables and associated constraints are used to limit (usually to one) the number of compressive elements connecting a node. A computationally efficient two-stage procedure employing mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is used to identify structures capable of carrying both externally applied loads and the self-stresses present when these loads are removed. Although tensegrity structures are often regarded as inherently ‘optimal’, the presence of additional constraints in the optimization formulation means that they can never be more optimal than traditional, non-tensegrity, structures. The proposed procedure is programmed in a MATLAB script (available for download) and a range of examples are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach presented.
Chatter model for enabling a digital twin in machining
Authors: Afazov Shukri , Scrimieri Daniele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the development of a new chatter model using measured cutting forces instead of a mathematical model with empirical nature that describes them. The utilisation of measured cutting forces enables the prediction of real-time chatter conditions and stable machining. The chatter model is validated using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyses for detection of chatter. The key contribution of the developed chatter model is that it can be incorporated in digital twins for process monitoring and control in order to achieve greater material removal rates and improved surface quality in future industrial applications involving machining processes.
Use of in vitro bone models to screen for altered bone metabolism, osteopathies, and fracture healing: challenges of complex models
Authors: Ehnert Sabrina , Rinderknecht Helen , Aspera-Werz Romina H. , Häussling Victor , Nussler Andreas K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractApprox. every third hospitalized patient in Europe suffers from musculoskeletal injuries or diseases. Up to 20% of these patients need costly surgical revisions after delayed or impaired fracture healing. Reasons for this are the severity of the trauma, individual factors, e.g, the patients’ age, individual lifestyle, chronic diseases, medication, and, over 70 diseases that negatively affect the bone quality. To investigate the various disease constellations and/or develop new treatment strategies, many in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models can be applied. Analyzing these various models more closely, it is obvious that many of them have limits and/or restrictions. Undoubtedly, in vivo models most completely represent the biological situation. Besides possible species-specific differences, ethical concerns may question the use of in vivo models especially for large screening approaches. Challenging whether ex vivo or in vitro bone models can be used as an adequate replacement for such screenings, we here summarize the advantages and challenges of frequently used ex vivo and in vitro bone models to study disturbed bone metabolism and fracture healing. Using own examples, we discuss the common challenge of cell-specific normalization of data obtained from more complex in vitro models as one example of the analytical limits which lower the full potential of these complex model systems.
Radiation exposure of computed tomography imaging for the assessment of acute stroke
Authors: Zensen Sebastian , Guberina Nika , Opitz Marcel , Köhrmann Martin , Deuschl Cornelius , Forsting Michael , Wetter Axel , Bos Denise 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To assess suspected acute stroke, the computed tomography (CT) protocol contains a non-contrast CT (NCCT), a CT angiography (CTA), and a CT perfusion (CTP). Due to assumably high radiation doses of the complete protocol, the aim of this study is to examine radiation exposure and to establish diagnostic reference levels (DRLs).

Methods
In this retrospective study, dose data of 921 patients with initial CT imaging for suspected acute stroke and dose monitoring with a DICOM header–based tracking and monitoring software were analyzed. Between June 2017 and January 2020, 1655 CT scans were included, which were performed on three different modern multi-slice CT scanners, including 921 NCCT, 465 CTA, and 269 CTP scans. Radiation exposure was reported for CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP). DRLs were set at the 75th percentile of dose distribution.

Results
DRLs were assessed for each step (CTDIvol/DLP): NCCT 33.9 mGy/527.8 mGy cm and CTA 13.7 mGy/478.3 mGy cm. Radiation exposure of CTP was invariable and depended on CT device and its protocol settings with CTDIvol 124.9–258.2 mGy and DLP 1852.6–3044.3 mGy cm.

Conclusion
Performing complementary CT techniques such as CTA and CTP for the assessment of acute stroke increases total radiation exposure. Hence, the revised DRLs for the complete protocol are required, where our local DRLs may help as benchmarks.
Image-guided in situ detection of bacterial biofilms in a human prosthetic knee infection model: a feasibility study for clinical diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Schoenmakers Jorrit W. A. , Heuker Marjolein , López-Álvarez Marina , Nagengast Wouter B. , van Dam Gooitzen M. , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Jutte Paul C. , van Oosten Marleen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Due to an increased human life expectancy, the need to replace arthritic or dysfunctional joints by prosthetics is higher than ever before. Prosthetic joints are unfortunately inherently susceptible to bacterial infection accompanied by biofilm formation. Accurate and rapid diagnosis is vital to increase therapeutic success. Yet, established diagnostic modalities cannot directly detect bacterial biofilms on prostheses. Therefore, the present study was aimed at investigating whether arthroscopic optical imaging can accurately detect bacterial biofilms on prosthetic joints.

Methods
Here, we applied a conjugate of the antibiotic vancomycin and the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye800CW, in short vanco-800CW, in combination with arthroscopic optical imaging to target and visualize biofilms on infected prostheses.

Results
We show in a human post-mortem prosthetic knee infection model that a staphylococcal biofilm is accurately detected in real time and distinguished from sterile sections in high resolution. In addition, we demonstrate that biofilms associated with the clinically most relevant bacterial species can be detected using vanco-800CW.

Conclusion
The presented image-guided arthroscopic approach provides direct visual diagnostic information and facilitates immediate appropriate treatment selection.
Varied functions of immune checkpoints during cancer metastasis
Authors: Safarzadeh Ali , Alizadeh Mohsen , Beyranvand Fatemeh , Falavand Jozaaee Reza , Hajiasgharzadeh Khalil , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Derakhshani Afshin , Argentiero Antonella , Baradaran Behzad , Silvestris Nicola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImmune checkpoints comprise diverse receptors and ligands including costimulatory and inhibitory molecules, which play monumental roles in regulating the immune system. Immune checkpoints retain key potentials in maintaining the immune system homeostasis and hindering the malignancy development and autoimmunity. The expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints delineates an increase in a plethora of metastatic tumors and the inhibition of these immune checkpoints can be followed by promising results. On the other hand, the stimulation of costimulatory immune checkpoints can restrain the metastasis originating from diverse tumors. From the review above, key findings emerged regarding potential functions of inhibitory and costimulatory immune checkpoints targeting the metastatic cascade and point towards novel potential Achilles’ heels of cancer that might be exploited therapeutically in the future.
Accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter compared with ultrasound for detecting hepatic steatosis in children with severe obesity
Authors: Runge Jurgen H. , van Giessen Jet , Draijer Laura G. , Deurloo Eline E. , Smets Anne M. J. B. , Benninga Marc A. , Koot Bart G. P. , Stoker Jaap 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) on FibroScan® in detecting and grading steatosis in a screening setting and perform a head-to-head comparison with conventional B-mode ultrasound.

Methods
Sixty children with severe obesity (median BMI z-score 3.37; median age 13.7 years) were evaluated. All underwent CAP and US using a standardized scoring system. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy proton density fat fraction (MRS-PDFF) was used as a reference standard.

Results
Steatosis was present in 36/60 (60%) children. The areas under the ROC (AUROC) of CAP for the detection of grade ≥ S1, ≥ S2, and ≥ S3 steatosis were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67–0.89), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65–0.87), and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.66–0.88), respectively. The AUROC of US for the detection of grade ≥ S1 steatosis was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55–0.80) and not significantly different from that of CAP (p = 0.09). For detecting ≥ S1 steatosis, using the optimal cutoffs, CAP (277 dB/m) and US (US steatosis score ≥ 2) had a sensitivity of 75% and 61% and a specificity of 75% and 71%, respectively. When using echogenicity of liver parenchyma as only the scoring item, US had a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 46% to detect ≥ S1 steatosis. The difference in specificity of CAP and US when using only echogenicity of liver parenchyma of 29% was significant (p = 0.04).

Conclusion
The overall performance of CAP is not significantly better than that of US in detecting steatosis in children with obesity, provided that the standardized scoring of US features is applied. When US is based on liver echogenicity only, CAP outperforms US in screening for any steatosis (≥ S1).

Key Points
• The areas under the ROC curves of CAP and ultrasound (US) for detecting grade ≥ S1 steatosis were 0.80 and 0.68, respectively, and were not significantly different (p = 0.09).
• For detecting grade ≥ S1 steatosis in severely obese children, CAP had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 75% at its optimal cutoff value of 277 dB/m.
• For detecting grade ≥ S1 steatosis in clinical practice, both CAP and US can be used, provided that the standardized scoring of US images is used.
C11orf95-RELA reprograms 3D epigenome in supratentorial ependymoma
Authors: Zhu Jacqueline Jufen , Jillette Nathaniel , Li Xiao-Nan , Cheng Albert Wu , Lau Ching C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSupratentorial ependymoma (ST-EPN) is a type of malignant brain tumor mainly seen in children. Since 2014, it has been known that an intrachromosomal fusion C11orf95-RELA is an oncogenic driver in ST-EPN [Parker et al. Nature 506:451–455 (2014); Pietsch et al. Acta Neuropathol 127:609–611 (2014)] but the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis are unclear. Here we show that the C11orf95 component of the fusion protein dictates DNA binding activity while the RELA component is required for driving the expression of ependymoma-associated genes. Epigenomic characterizations using ChIP-seq and HiChIP approaches reveal that C11orf95-RELA modulates chromatin states and mediates chromatin interactions, leading to transcriptional reprogramming in ependymoma cells. Our findings provide important characterization of the molecular underpinning of C11orf95-RELA fusion and shed light on potential therapeutic targets for C11orf95-RELA subtype ependymoma.
Intrathecal treatment trial of rituximab in progressive MS: results after a 2-year extension
Authors: Bergman Joakim , Burman Joachim , Bergenheim Tommy , Svenningsson Anders 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of intrathecally (IT) delivered rituximab as a therapeutic intervention for progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) during a 3-year follow-up period.

Methods
Participants of a 1-year open-label phase 1b study of IT delivered rituximab to patients with PMS were offered extended treatment with follow-up for an additional 2 years. During the extension phase, treatment with 25 mg rituximab was administered every 6 months via a subcutaneous Ommaya reservoir connected to the right frontal horn with a ventricular catheter.

Results
Mild to moderate vertigo and nausea occurred in 4 out of 14 participants as temporary adverse events associated with IT rituximab infusion. During the entire 3-year period, two cases of low-virulent bacterial meningitis occurred, which were successfully treated. Walking speed deteriorated significantly during the study.

Conclusions
IT administration of rituximab via a ventricular catheter was well tolerated. Considering the meningitis cases, the risk of infection was not negligible. The continued loss of walking speed indicates that IT rituximab was not able to stop disease progression.

Classification of evidence
This study provides class IV evidence that intraventricularly administered rituximab in progressive MS is associated with a risk for bacterial meningitis and does not halt disease progression.

EU Clinical Trial Register
EudraCT; 2008-002626-11 and 2012-000721-53
Camel regulates development of the brain ventricular system
Authors: Yang Shulan , Emelyanov Alexander , You May-Su , Sin Melvin , Korzh Vladimir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevelopment of the brain ventricular system of vertebrates and the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. The developmental genes expressed in the elements of the brain ventricular system such as the ependyma and circumventricular organs act as molecular determinants of cell adhesion critical for the formation of brain ventricular system. They control brain development and function, including the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Here, we describe the novel distantly related member of the zebrafish L1-CAM family of genes—camel. Whereas its maternal transcripts distributed uniformly, the zygotic transcripts demonstrate clearly defined expression patterns, in particular in the axial structures: floor plate, hypochord, and roof plate. camel expresses in several other cell lineages with access to the brain ventricular system, including the midbrain roof plate, subcommissural organ, organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, median eminence, paraventricular organ, flexural organ, and inter-rhombomeric boundaries. This expression pattern suggests a role of Camel in neural development. Several isoforms of Camel generated by differential splicing of exons encoding the sixth fibronectin type III domain enhance cell adhesion differentially. The antisense oligomer morpholino-mediated loss-of-function of Camel affects cell adhesion and causes hydrocephalus and scoliosis manifested via the tail curled down phenotype. The subcommissural organ’s derivative—the Reissner fiber—participates in the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The Reissner fiber fails to form upon morpholino-mediated Camel loss-of-function. The Camel mRNA–mediated gain-of-function causes the Reissner fiber misdirection. This study revealed a link between Chl1a/Camel and Reissner fiber formation, and this supports the idea that CHL1 is one of the scoliosis factors.
A multi-robot architecture for the RoboCup Logistics League
Authors: Kohout Peter , De Bortoli Marco , Ludwiger Jakob , Ulz Thomas , Steinbauer Gerald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to increasing demands on flexibility in terms of product configuration as well as delivery time production settings increasingly use teams of mobile robot systems. The RoboCup Logistics League was designed to provide a testbed to develop and test such flexibe multi-robot approaches for production environments. It resembles a product setting with on-demand product orders of different configurations. In this article we introduce the concept of the leagues and we present the solution of the team GRIPS to face that challenge.