bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of NGF in axotomy‐induced c‐JUN expressionin medial septal cholinergic neurons
Authors: Haas Carola A. , Frotscher Michael 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe extent of neuronal regeneration after axotomy largely depends on the survivalcapacity of the injured cell. It has been shown for a long time that nerve fiber transection results inretrograde changes in the parent neuronal cell body, and that these changes may eventually lead toneuronal degeneration.13 At present, little is known about the sequence of events initiatedin a nerve cell body by the transection of its axonal process. In this report, we will focus on aninteraction of nerve growth factor (NGF) with the transcription factor c‐Jun in intact andaxotomized septohippocampal projection neurons.
Thromboembolism in heart failure, old ideas and new challenges
Authors: Isnard Richard , Komajda Michel 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUntil now, the administration of antithrombotic therapy in patients with congestive heart failure has not been well codified. The incidence of thromboembolic complication, such as stroke, peripheral or pulmonary embolism, is regarded as too low to justify the use of anticoagulation in non‐selected patients. However, other thrombotic complications may occur especially in patients with ischemic heart failure and represent potential targets for antithrombotic therapy. The objective of this paper is to review the available evidence in the absence of the results of large ongoing trials.
Quantitative Correlation of Nanotopography with Cell Spreading via Focal Adhesions Using Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Yun Young‐Shik , Kang Eun‐Hye , Ji Seungmuk , Lee Su‐Bong , Kim Yong Oock , Yun In Sik , Yeo Jong‐Souk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNanotopography mimicking extracellular environments reportedly impact cell morphological changes; however, elucidating this relationship has been challenging. To control cellular responses using nanostructures, in this study, the quantitative relationship between nanotopography and cell spreading mediated by focal adhesions (FAs) is demonstrated using adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs). The spreading of ASCs and area of FAs are analyzed for the distribution of filamentous actin and vinculin, respectively, using fluorescent images. FAs require a specific area for adhesion (herein defined as effective contact area [ECA]) to maintain cell attachment on nanopillar arrays. An ECA is the area of FAs supported by nanopillars, multiplying the area fraction (AF) of their top surface. Regarding the spreading of cells, the mean area of ASCs linearly decreases as the mean area of FAs increases. Because the area of FAs is inversely correlated to the AF of the nanopillar arrays, the spreading of cells can be quantitatively correlated with nanotopography. The results provide a conceptual framework for controlling cell behaviors to design artificial substrates for tissue‐engineering applications.
Chiral Nanoceramics
Authors: Fan Jinchen , Kotov Nicholas A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe study of different chiral inorganic nanomaterials has been experiencing rapid growth during the past decade, with its primary focus on metals and semiconductors. Ceramic materials can substantially expand the range of mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and biological properties of chiral nanostructures, further stimulating theoretical, synthetic, and applied research in this area. An ever‐expanding toolbox of nanoscale engineering and self‐organization provides a chirality‐based methodology for engineering of hierarchically organized ceramic materials. However, fundamental discoveries and technological translations of chiral nanoceramics have received substantially smaller attention than counterparts from metals and semiconductors. Findings in this research area are scattered over a variety of sources and subfields. Here, the diversity of chemistries, geometries, and properties found in chiral ceramic nanostructures are summarized. They represent a compelling materials platform for realization of chirality transfer through multiple scales that can result in new forms of ceramic materials. Multiscale chiral geometries and the structural versatility of nanoceramics are complemented by their high chiroptical activity, enantioselectivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Future development in this field is likely to encompass chiral synthesis, biomedical applications, and optical/electronic devices. The implementation of computationally designed chiral nanoceramics for biomimetic catalysts and quantum information devices may also be expected.
Porous Organic Polymers as Promising Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Liu Xu , Liu Cheng‐Fang , Lai Wen‐Yong , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEco‐friendly and efficient energy production and storage technologies are highly demanded to address the environmental and energy crises. Compared with the extensive study of energy conversion, the study of energy storage is relatively lagging far behind. Porous organic polymers (POPs) involving crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and amorphous conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been recently proposed as attractive electrode materials for energy storage devices including supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries. Herein, recent development and essential design guidelines of POPs as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries are discussed at length with particular focus on the synthetic methods, the working mechanism, and the structure–property relationships of POPs, which will provide a deep understanding of the intrinsic characteristics of POPs. Future prospects and challenges of POPs as electrode materials for energy storage devices are also discussed at the end.
Fully‐Textile Seam‐Line Sensors for Facile Textile Integration and Tunable Multi‐Modal Sensing of Pressure, Humidity, and Wetness
Authors: Agcayazi Talha , Tabor Jordan , McKnight Michael , Martin Isaac , Ghosh Tushar K. , Bozkurt Alper 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe unique potential of e‐textiles for unobtrusive and ubiquitous monitoring and their innovative interfacing with electronic devices has garnished great attention. Sensors are one of the few essential devices or components necessary for most functional e‐textile applications. Ideally, any e‐textile based sensor should be soft, easily integrated in textile manufacturing processes, and tunable for the desired applications. Here, an easy‐to‐manufacture, tunable, fully‐textile sensor system with capability of detecting pressure, humidity, or wetness is presented. Capacitive pressure sensors are formed via a traditional sewing process with two commercially available conductive sewing yarns (silver‐plated polyamide (silver) and stainless steel (SS)) with cotton knit, polyethylene‐terephthalate (PET) knit and elastomeric meltblown textile dielectrics. The relationship between the sensor's physical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties including hysteresis, sensitivity, response, and relaxation time is evaluated. In addition, the same sensor configuration is assessed for its humidity and wetness sensing performance. Results indicate that pressure, relative humidity (RH), and wetness sensing performance are easily tunable using different combinations of the conductive and dielectric textile materials. Finally, proof of concept deployment demonstrations as human‐machine interfaces within a pressure sensing mat and a smart glove capable of remotely controlling a drone are provided.
Full‐Color Micro‐LED Display with CsPbBr3 Perovskite and CdSe Quantum Dots as Color Conversion Layers
Authors: Yin Yongming , Hu Zhiping , Ali Muhammad Umair , Duan Miao , Gao Lu , Liu Ming , Peng Wenxiang , Geng Jing , Pan Su , Wu Yongwei , Hou Jun , Fan Jack , Li Dongze , Zhang Xin , Meng Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCombining blue micro‐light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with color conversion layers (CCLs) is a promising approach to develop efficient full‐color displays. However, no such practical display is reported so far potentially because of two major challenges, i.e., rarely available color conversion materials and severe crosstalk effect among adjacent pixels due to the thick sapphire substrates of LED chips. Here, a full‐color micro‐LED display prototype by combining rationally designed blue micro‐LEDs backlight with CsPbBr3 perovskite and CdSe QDs as green and red CCLs, respectively, is presented. The color gamut of the fabricated display can reach as high as 129% of the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC). Notably, the color gamut can still reach 126% NTSC even when only green light is converted through perovskite CCL while the other two colors are achieved from conventional micro‐LEDs. This is the first demonstration on employing perovskite materials as CCL in full‐color micro‐LEDs display.
Emerging Technologies for Local Cancer Treatment
Authors: Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Ho Jeremy , Demaria Sandra , Ferrari Mauro , Grattoni Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fundamental limitations of systemic therapeutic administration have prompted the development of local drug delivery platforms as a solution to increase effectiveness and reduce side effects. By confining therapeutics to the site of disease, local delivery technologies can enhance therapeutic index. This review highlights recent advances and opportunities in local drug delivery strategies for cancer treatment in addition to challenges that need to be addressed to facilitate clinical translation. The benefits of local cancer treatment combined with technological advancements and increased understanding of the tumor microenvironment, present a prime breakthrough opportunity for safer and more effective therapies.
Photoinduced Tunable and Reconfigurable Electronic and Photonic Devices Using a Silk‐Based Diffractive Optics Platform
Authors: Cai Xiaoqing , Zhou Zhitao , Tao Tiger H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA remarkable feature of modern electronic and photonic devices is the ability to maintain their geometric and physical properties in various circumstances for practical applications. However, there is an increasing demand for reconfigurable devices and systems that can be triggered or switched by external stimuli to change geometric, physical, and/or biochemical properties to meet specific requirements such as compact, lightweight, energy‐efficient, and tunable features. Here, a set of phototunable and photoreconfigurable electronic and photonic devices composed of reconfigurable arithmetic circuits and programmable coding metamaterials at terahertz frequencies, empowered by a diffractive optics platform using naturally extracted silk proteins, is reported. These protein‐based diffract optics are precisely manufactured into special microstructures for phase modulation of incident light and can be programmed to degrade at controlled rates. This allows spatial and temporal transformation of the incident light into desired intensity profiles to modulate the electrical properties of multiple photosensitive elements/components within the device simultaneously or discretely. Thus, the optoelectronic functionality of fabricated devices can be tailored to specific applications. Therefore, the approach makes it possible to efficiently fabricate tunable, reconfigurable transient electronic and photonic devices and systems.
A Comparative Study of Redox Mediators for Improved Performance of Li–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chengji , Dandu Naveen , Rastegar Sina , Misal Saurabh N. , Hemmat Zahra , Ngo Anh T. , Curtiss Larry A. , Salehi‐Khojin Amin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRedox meditators (RMs) are soluble catalysts located in an electrolyte that can improve the energy efficiency (reduced overpotential) and cyclability of Li–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. In this work, 20 RMs within a Li–O2 system with dimethyl sulfoxide and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether electrolytes are studied and their electrochemical features such as redox potential, the separation of cathodic and anodic peaks, and their current intensities are measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. Six RMs are selected as “primary” choices based on their electrochemical performance, and stability tests are then performed to examine their electrochemical responses after consecutive cycles. Moreover, galvanostatic cycling tests are performed within a Li–O2 battery system assembled with selected six RMs for real case consistency investigations. It is found that results from CV to galvanostatic cycling tests are consistent for halides and organometallic RMs, where the former exhibit much higher stability. However, the organic RMs show high reversibility in CV but low in battery cycling results. Density functional theory calculations are carried out to gain more understanding of the stability and redox potentials of the RMs. This study provides comparative information to select the most reliable RMs for Li–O2 batteries along with new fundamental understanding of their electrochemical activity and stability.
Surface‐Guided Formation of Amorphous Mixed‐Metal Oxyhydroxides on Ultrathin MnO2 Nanosheet Arrays for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Fang Ming , Han Dong , Xu Wen‐Bo , Shen Yun , Lu Youming , Cao Peijiang , Han Shun , Xu Wangying , Zhu Deliang , Liu Wenjun , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarth‐abundant amorphous nanomaterials with rich structural defects are promising alternative catalysts to noble metals for an efficient electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction; however, their inferior electrical conductivity and poor morphological control during synthesis hamper the full realization of their potency in electrocatalysis. Herein, a rapid surface‐guided synthetic approach is proposed to introduce amorphous and mixed‐metal oxyhydroxide overlayers on ultrathin Ni‐doped MnO2 (NiMnO2) nanosheet arrays via a galvanic replacement mechanism. This method results in a monolithic 3D porous catalyst with a small overpotential of only 232 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, which is much lower than the corresponding value of 307 mV for the NiMnO2 reference sample. Detailed structural and electrochemical characterization reveal that the unique NiMnO2 ultrathin nanosheet arrays do not only provide a large surface area to guide the formation of active amorphous catalyst layers but also ensure the effective charge transport owing to their high electron conductivity, collectively contributing to the greatly improved catalyst activity. It is envisioned that this highly operable surface‐guide synthetic strategy may open up new avenues for the design and fabrication of novel 3D nanoarchitectures integrated with functional amorphous materials for broadened ranges of applications.
A Metal Organic Framework Derived Solid Electrolyte for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chiochan Poramane , Yu Xingwen , Sawangphruk Montree , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are currently considered as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage technologies. However, their practical application is hindered by the critical issue of the polysulfide‐shuttle. Herein, a metal organic framework (MOF)‐derived solid electrolyte is presented to address it. The MOF solid electrolyte is developed based on a Universitetet i Oslo (UIO) structure. By grafting a lithium sulfonate (‐SO3Li) group to the UIO ligand, both the ionic conductivity and the polysulfide‐suppression capability of the resulting ‐SO3Li grafted UIO (UIOSLi) solid electrolyte are greatly improved. After integrating a Li‐based ionic liquid (Li‐IL), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the resulting Li‐IL/UIOSLi solid electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of 3.3 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. Based on its unique structure, the Li‐IL/UIOSLi solid electrolyte effectively restrains the polysulfide shuttle and suppresses lithium dendritic growth. Lithium–sulfur cells with the Li‐IL/UIOSLi solid electrolyte and a Li2S6 catholyte show stable cycling performance that preserves 84% of the initial capacity after 250 cycles with a capacity‐fade rate of 0.06% per cycle.
Activating variants in PDGFRB result in a spectrum of disorders responsive to imatinib monotherapy
Authors: Wenger Tara L. , Bly Randall A. , Wu Natalie , Albert Catherine M. , Park Julie , Shieh Joseph , Chenbhanich Jirat , Heike Carrie L. , Adam Margaret P. , Chang Irene , Sun Angela , Miller Danny E. , Beck Anita E. , Gupta Deepti , Boos Markus D. , Zackai Elaine H. , Everman David , Ganapathi Shireen , Wilson Meredith , Christodoulou John , Zarate Yuri A. , Curry Cynthia , Li Dong , Guimier Anne , Amiel Jeanne , Hakonarson Hakon , Webster Richard , Bhoj Elizabeth J. , Perkins Jonathan A. , Dahl John P. , Dobyns William B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMore than 50 individuals with activating variants in the receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFRB have been reported, separated based on clinical features into solitary myofibromas, infantile myofibromatosis, Penttinen syndrome with premature aging and osteopenia, Kosaki overgrowth syndrome, and fusiform aneurysms. Despite their descriptions as distinct clinical entities, review of previous reports demonstrates substantial phenotypic overlap. We present a case series of 12 patients with activating variants in PDGFRB and review of the literature. We describe five patients with PDGFRB activating variants whose clinical features overlap multiple diagnostic entities. Seven additional patients from a large family had variable expressivity and late‐onset disease, including adult onset features and two individuals with sudden death. Three patients were treated with imatinib and had robust and rapid response, including the first two reported infants with multicentric myofibromas treated with imatinib monotherapy and one with a recurrent p.Val665Ala (Penttinen) variant. Along with previously reported individuals, our cohort suggests infants and young children had few abnormal features, while older individuals had multiple additional features, several of which appeared to worsen with advancing age. Our analysis supports a diagnostic entity of a spectrum disorders due to activating variants in PDGFRB. Differences in reported phenotypes can be dramatic and correlate with advancing age, genotype, and to mosaicism in some individuals.
Elektroenzymatische Stickstofffixierung unter Verwendung eines MoFe‐Proteinsystems immobilisiert in einem organischen Redoxpolymer
Authors: Lee Yoo Seok , Ruff Adrian , Cai Rong , Lim Koun , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Minteer Shelley D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWir berichten über ein auf einem Polymer basierendes, elektroenzymatisches Stickstofffixierungssystem unter Verwendung eines metallfreien Redoxpolymers – mit Neutralrot modifiziertes Poly(glycidylmethacrylat‐co‐methylmethacrylat‐co‐poly(ethylenglycol)methacrylat), das ein niedriges Redoxpotential von −0.58 V vs. SCE besitzt. Die stabile und effiziente elektrische Kontaktierung der Nitrogenase innerhalb der Redoxpolymermatrix ermöglicht eine mediierte Bioelektrokatalyse von N3−, NO2− und N2 zu NH3, die durch das MoFe‐Protein über die polymergebundenen Redoxeinheiten, die in der Polymermatrix verteilt sind, katalysiert wird. Elektrolyse produzierte 209±30 nmol NH3 nmol MoFe−1 h−1 durch N2‐Reduktion. Die biosynthetische N2‐Reduktion zu NH3 wurde durch 15N2‐Markierungsexperimente und NMR‐Analysen bestätigt.
Unexpected difficult airway management in a transgender female patient
Authors: Vowles B. J. , Ahmad I. , Christodoulides G. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryA transgender female patient, who had previously undergone gender‐confirming feminisation surgery to the face and larynx, was scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one‐lung ventilation. We encountered unexpected difficult airway management and difficulty inserting an appropriately‐sized double‐lumen tube. A size 41Fr double‐lumen tube, which is selected commonly for biological males, was used eventually for lung isolation and subsequently exchanged for a size 6.5 single‐lumen tracheal tube at the end of the case, before successful extubation with a staged extubation set. It is important to highlight the challenges faced, as the care of transgender patients is likely to be unfamiliar to most anaesthetists, despite the increase in the number of gender‐confirming procedures performed. Many of these procedures involve the face and airway and can result in significant challenges for airway management, including appropriate sizing of tracheal tubes and their correct placement. It is also possible that patients may not volunteer a history of these procedures and it should be enquired about specifically as part of the anaesthetic pre‐assessment.
Simultaneous characterization of poly(acrylic acid) and polysaccharide polymers and copolymers
Authors: Epping Ruben , Panne Ulrich , Hiller Wolf , Gruendling Till , Staal Bastiaan , Lang Christiane , Lamprou Alexandros , Falkenhagen Jana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCopolymer products that result from grafting acrylic acid and other hydrophilic monomers onto polysaccharides have recently gained significant interest in research and industry. Originating from renewable sources, these biodegradable, low toxicity, and polar copolymer products exhibit potential to replace polymers from fossil sources in several applications and industries. The methods usually employed to characterize these copolymers are, however, quite limited, especially for the measurement of bulk properties. With more sophisticated applications, for example, in pharmaceutics requiring a more detailed analysis of the chemical structure, we describe a new approach for this kind of complex polymers. Our approach utilizes chromatography in combination with several detection methods to separate and characterize reaction products of the copolymerization of acrylic acid and chemically hydrolyzed starch. These samples consisted of a mixture of homopolymer poly (acrylic acid), homopolymer hydrolyzed starch, and – in a lower amount – the formed copolymers. Several chromatographic methods exist that are capable of characterizing either poly (acrylic acid) or hydrolyzed starch. In contrast, our approach offers simultaneous characterization of both polymers. The combination of LC and UV/RI offered insight into the composition and copolymer content of the samples. Size exclusion chromatography experiments revealed the molar mass distribution of homopolymers and copolymers. FTIR investigations confirmed the formation of copolymers while ESI‐MS gave more details on the end groups of hydrolyzed starches and poly (acrylic acids). Evidence of copolymer structures was obtained through NMR measurements. Finally, two‐dimensional chromatography led to the separation of the copolymers from both homopolymers as well as the additional separation of sodium clusters. The methods described in this work are a powerful toolset to characterize copolymerization products of hydrolyzed starch and poly(acrylic acid). Together, our approach successfully correlates the physicochemical properties of such complex mixtures with their actual composition.