bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence and influencing factors for anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liu Chen-Yun , Yang Yun-zhi , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Xu Xinying , Dou Qing-Li , Zhang Wen-Wu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus has been sustained in China since December 2019, and could become a pandemic if we do not contain it. The mental health of frontline medical staff is a concern. In this study, we aimed to identify the influencing factors on medical worker anxiety in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of anxiety among medical staff from 10th February 2020 to 20th February 2020 in China using the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to assess anxiety, using the criteria of normal (≤49), mild (50-59), moderate (60- 70) and severe anxiety (≥70). We used multivariable linear regression to determine the factors (e.g., having direct contact treating infected patients, being a medical staff worker from Hubei province, being a suspect case) for anxiety. We also used adjusted models to confirm independent factors for anxiety after adjusting for gender, age, education and marital status.ResultsOf 512 medical staff from China, 164 healthcare workers (32.03%) had had direct contact by treating infected patients. The prevalence of anxiety was 12.5%, with 53 workers suffering from mild (10.35%), seven workers from moderate (1.36%) and four workers from severe anxiety (0.78%). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, education and marital status), medical staff who had had direct contact treating infected patients saw higher anxiety scores than those who had not had direct contact (βvalue=2.33, CI: 0.65 −4.00; p=0.0068). Similar things were observed in medical staff from Hubei province, compared with those from other parts of China (β value=3.67, CI: 1.44 −5.89; p=0.0013). The most important variable was suspect cases with high anxiety scores, compared to non-suspect cases (βvalue=4.44, CI: 1.55 −7.33; p=0.0028).ConclusionOur results highlight that government authorities should make early detection of the high risk of anxiety among medical staff a priority, and implement appropriate psychological intervention programs, to prevent medical staff from developing psychological disorders that could potentially exert an adverse effect on combating the COVID-19 epidemic.
Amplicon based MinION sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 and metagenomic characterisation of nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with COVID-19
Authors: Moore Shona C. , Penrice-Randal Rebekah , Alruwaili Muhannad , Dong Xiaofeng , Pullan Steven T. , Carter Daniel P. , Bewley Kevin , Zhao Qin , Sun Yani , Hartley Catherine , Zhou En-min , Solomon Tom , Beadsworth Michael B. J. , Cruise James , Bogaert Debby , Crook Derrick W. , Matthews David A. , Davidson Andrew D. , Mahmood Zana , Aljabr Waleed , Druce Julian , Vipond Richard T. , Ng Lisa F. P. , Renia Laurent , Openshaw Peter J. M. , Baillie J. Kenneth , Carroll Miles W. , Semple Malcolm G. , Turtle Lance , Hiscox Julian A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is a complex disease phenotype where the underlying microbiome could influence morbidity and mortality. Amplicon and metagenomic MinION based sequencing was used to rapidly (within 8 hours) identify SARS-CoV-2 and assess the microbiome in nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from patients with COVID-19 by the ISARIC 4C consortium.
Direct RNA sequencing and early evolution of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Taiaroa George , Rawlinson Daniel , Featherstone Leo , Pitt Miranda , Caly Leon , Druce Julian , Purcell Damian , Harty Leigh , Tran Thomas , Roberts Jason , Scott Nichollas , Catton Mike , Williamson Deborah , Coin Lachlan , Duchene Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFundamental aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology remain to be described, having the potential to provide insight to the response effort for this high-priority pathogen. Here we describe the first native RNA sequence of SARS-CoV-2, detailing the coronaviral transcriptome and epitranscriptome, and share these data publicly. A data-driven inference of viral genetic features and evolutionary rate is also made. The rapid sharing of sequence information throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents an inflection point for public health and genomic epidemiology, providing early insights into the biology and evolution of this emerging pathogen.
A simplified calculation of the correlations between relatives
Authors: Smith Reginald D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe correlations between relatives is one of the fundamental ideas and earliest success of quantitative genetics. Whether using genomic data to infer relationships between individuals or estimating heritability from correlations of phenotypes amongst relatives, understanding the theoretical genetic correlations is a common task. Calculating the correlations between arbitrary relatives in an outbred population, however, can be a careful and somewhat complex task for increasingly distant relatives. This paper introduces an equation based method that consolidates the results of path analysis and uses easily obtainable data from non-inbred pedigrees to allow the rapid calculation of additive or dominance correlations between relatives even in more complicated situations such as cousins sharing more than two grandparents and inbreeding.
LY6E impairs coronavirus fusion and confers immune control of viral disease
Authors: Pfaender Stephanie , Mar Katrina B. , Michailidis Eleftherios , Kratzel Annika , Hirt Dagny , V’kovski Philip , Fan Wenchun , Ebert Nadine , Stalder Hanspeter , Kleine-Weber Hannah , Hoffmann Markus , Hoffmann H. Heinrich , Saeed Mohsan , Dijkman Ronald , Steinmann Eike , Wight-Carter Mary , Hanners Natasha W. , Pöhlmann Stefan , Gallagher Tom , Todt Daniel , Zimmer Gert , Rice Charles M. , Schoggins John W. , Thiel Volker 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTZoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs) are significant threats to global health, as exemplified by the recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)1. Host immune responses to CoV are complex and regulated in part through antiviral interferons. However, the interferon-stimulated gene products that inhibit CoV are not well characterized2. Here, we show that interferon-inducible lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E (LY6E) potently restricts cellular infection by multiple CoVs, including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Mechanistic studies revealed that LY6E inhibits CoV entry into cells by interfering with spike protein-mediated membrane fusion. Importantly, mice lacking Ly6e in hematopoietic cells were highly susceptible to murine CoV infection. Exacerbated viral pathogenesis in Ly6e knockout mice was accompanied by loss of hepatic and splenic immune cells and reduction in global antiviral gene pathways. Accordingly, we found that Ly6e directly protects primary B cells and dendritic cells from murine CoV infection. Our results demonstrate that LY6E is a critical antiviral immune effector that controls CoV infection and pathogenesis. These findings advance our understanding of immune-mediated control of CoVin vitroandin vivo, knowledge that could help inform strategies to combat infection by emerging CoV.
Intra-molecular Electro-potential Circuit & ElectroNegatrode: Hypothesis, Algorithm & Implementation for universal indicative rule towards activity of biomolecules
Authors: Prakash Om 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTNo universal indicative rule has been defined till now for activity & selectivity of biomolecules. This lacks very early perception about any molecule (specifically small molecule) in the biological system, beyond doing any experiment. The present study is all about hypothesizing, algorithm development and implementation of theoretical processing of 3D structure of biomolecules in the search of ground for developing perception about biomolecules individually or in combination of other biomolecules. The developed algorithm has been evaluated with small molecules and was found to be implementable as universal indicative rule towards activity & selectivity of biomolecules.
Estimating the scale of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States: Simulations Based on Air Traffic Directly from Wuhan, China
Authors: Li Dalin , Lv Jun , Bowtin Gregory , Braun Jonathan , Cao Weihua , Li Liming , McGovern Dermot P.B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been characterized by rapid spread and unusually large case clusters. It is important to have an estimate of the current state of COVID-19 epidemic in the U.S. to help develop informed public health strategies.MethodsWe estimated the potential scale of the COVID-19 epidemic (as of 03/01/2020) in the U.S. from cases ‘imported’ directly from Wuhan area. We used simulations based on transmission dynamics parameters estimated from previous studies and air traffic data from Wuhan to the U.S and deliberately built our model based on conservative assumptions. Detection and quarantine of individual COVID-19 cases in the U.S before 03/01/2020 were also taken into account. A SEIR model was used to simulate the growth of the number of infected individuals in Wuhan area and in the U.S.ResultsWith the most likely model, we estimated that there would be 9,484 infected cases (90%CI 2,054-24,241) as of 03/01/2020 if no successful intervention procedure had been taken to reduce the transmissibility in unidentified cases. Assuming current preventive procedures have reduced 25% of the transmissibility in unidentified cases, the number of infected cases would be 1,043 (90%CI 107-2,474).ConclusionOur research indicates that, as of 03/01/2020., it is likely that there are already thousands of individuals in the US infected with SARS-CoV-2. Our model is dynamic and is available to the research community to further evaluate as the situation becomes clearer.
Transmission of corona virus disease 2019 during the incubation period may lead to a quarantine loophole
Authors: Xia Wei , Liao Jiaqiang , Li Chunhui , Li Yuanyuan , Qian Xi , Sun Xiaojie , Xu Hongbo , Mahai Gaga , Zhao Xin , Shi Lisha , Liu Juan , Yu Ling , Wang Meng , Wang Qianqian , Namat Asmagvl , Li Ying , Qu Jingyu , Liu Qi , Lin Xiaofang , Cao Shuting , Huan Shu , Xiao Jiying , Ruan Fengyu , Wang Hanjin , Xu Qing , Ding Xingjuan , Fang Xingjie , Qiu Feng , Ma Jiaolong , Zhang Yu , Wang Aizhen , Xing Yuling , Xu Shunqing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing outbreak of novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, is arousing international concern. This study evaluated whether and when the infected but asymptomatic cases during the incubation period could infect others.MethodsWe collected data on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and symptom onset day of the confirmed cases, which had been announced by the Chinese local authorities. We evaluated the potential of transmission during the incubation period in 50 infection clusters, including 124 cases. All the secondary cases had a history of contact with their first-generation cases prior to symptom onset.ResultsThe estimated mean incubation period for COVID-19 was 4.9 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4 to 5.4) days, ranging from 0.8 to 11.1 days (2.5th to 97.5th percentile). The observed mean and standard deviation (SD) of serial interval was 4.1±3.3 days, with the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles at −1 and 13 days. The infectious curve showed that in 73.0% of the secondary cases, their date of getting infected was before symptom onset of the first-generation cases, particularly in the last three days of the incubation period.ConclusionsThe results indicated the transmission of COVID-9 occurs among close contacts during the incubation period, which may lead to a quarantine loophole. Strong and effective countermeasures should be implemented to prevent or mitigate asymptomatic transmission during the incubation period in populations at high risk.
Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review and expert consensus
Authors: Mullins E , Evans D , Viner RM , O’Brien P , Morris E 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPerson to person spread of COIVD-19 in the UK has now been confirmed. There are limited case series reporting the impact on women affected by coronaviruses (CoV) during pregnancy. In women affected by SARS and MERS, the case fatality rate appeared higher in women affected in pregnancy compared with non-pregnant women. We conducted a rapid, review to guide management of women affected by COVID -19 during pregnancy and developed interim practice guidance with the RCOG and RCPCH to inform maternity and neonatal service planningMETHODSSearches were conducted in PubMed and MedRxiv to identify primary case reports, case series, observational studies or randomised-controlled trial describing women affected by coronavirus in pregnancy and on neonates. Data was extracted from relevant papers and the review was drafted with representatives of the RCPCH and RCOG who also provided expert consensus on areas where data were lackingRESULTSFrom 9964 results on PubMed and 600 on MedRxiv, 18 relevant studies (case reports and case series) were identified. There was inconsistent reporting of maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes across case reports and series concerning COVID-19, SARS, MERS and other coronaviruses. From reports of 19 women to date affected by COVID-19 in pregnancy, delivering 20 babies, 3 (16%) were asymptomatic, 1 (5%) was admitted to ICU and no maternal deaths have been reported. Deliveries were 17 by caesarean section, 2 by vaginal delivery, 8 (42%) delivered pre-term. There was one neonatal death, in 15 babies who were tested there was no evidence of vertical transmission.CONCLUSIONSMorbidity and mortality from COVID-19 appears less marked than for SARS and MERS, acknowledging the limited number of cases reported to date. Pre-term delivery affected 42% of women hospitalised with COVID-19, which may put considerable pressure on neonatal services if the UK reasonable worse-case scenario of 80% of the population affected is realised. There has been no evidence of vertical transmission to date. The RCOG and RCPCH have provided interim guidance to help maternity and neonatal services plan their response to COVID-19.
Evaluation of the secondary transmission pattern and epidemic prediction of COVID-19 in the four metropolitan areas of China
Authors: Su Longxiang , Hong Na , Zhou Xiang , He Jie , Ma Yingying , Jiang Huizhen , Han Lin , Chang Fengxiang , Shan Guangliang , Zhu Weiguo , Long Yun 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is crucial for evaluating its spread pattern, especially in metropolitan areas of China, as its spread can lead to secondary outbreaks outside Wuhan, the center of the new coronavirus disease outbreak. In addition, the experiences gained and lessons learned from China have the potential to provide evidence to support other metropolitan areas and large cities outside China with emerging cases. We used data reported from January 24, 2020, to February 23, 2020, to fit a model of infection, estimate the likely number of infections in four high-risk metropolitan areas based on the number of cases reported, and increase the understanding of the COVID-19 spread pattern. Considering the effect of the official quarantine regulations and travel restrictions for China, which began January 23∼24, 2020, we used the daily travel intensity index from the Baidu Maps app to roughly simulate the level of restrictions and estimate the proportion of the quarantined population. A group of SEIR model statistical parameters were estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods and fitting on the basis of reported data. As a result, we estimated that the basic reproductive number, R0, was 2.91 in Beijing, 2.78 in Shanghai, 2.02 in Guangzhou, and 1.75 in Shenzhen based on the data from January 24, 2020, to February 23, 2020. In addition, we inferred the prediction results and compared the results of different levels of parameters. For example, in Beijing, the predicted peak number of cases was approximately 466 with a peak time of February 29, 2020; however, if the city were to implement different levels (strict, mild, or weak) of travel restrictions or regulation measures, the estimation results showed that the transmission dynamics would change and that the peak number of cases would differ by between 56% and ∼159%. We concluded that public health interventions would reduce the risk of the spread of COVID-19 and that more rigorous control and prevention measures would effectively contain its further spread but that the risk will increase when businesses and social activities return to normal before the end of the epidemic. Besides, the experiences gained and lessons learned from China are potential to provide evidences supporting for other metropolitan areas and big cities with emerging cases outside China.
Associations between adolescent mental health and health-related behaviours in 2005 and 2015: A population cross-cohort study
Authors: Gage Suzanne H. , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent mental ill-health is a growing concern. There is little understanding of changes over time in the associations between mental health and health-related behaviours and outcomes such as substance use, anti-social behaviour and obesity. We investigate whether the associations between different health-related outcomes in adolescence are changing over time in two recent cohorts of adolescents born ten years apart.MethodsData from two UK birth cohort studies, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, born 1991-92, N=5627, 50.7% female) and Millennium Cohort Study (MCS, born 2000-2, N=11318, 50.6% female) at age 14 sweeps are used. The health outcomes of focus are depressive symptom score, substance use (alcohol, smoking, cannabis and other drugs), antisocial behaviours (assault, graffiti, vandalism, shoplifting and rowdy behaviour), weight (BMI), weight perception (perceive self as overweight) and sexual activity (had sexual intercourse). Regression analyses are conducted to examine associations between these variables with cohort as a moderator to examine cohort differences.ResultsThe directions of associations between mental-health and health-related behaviours (eg smoking) are similar over time, however, their strength across the distribution has changed. While smoking and alcohol use behaviours are decreasing in adolescents, those that endorse these behaviours in 2015 are more likely to have co-occurring mental-health than those born in 2005. Similarly, higher BMI is more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in 2015 compared to 2005.ConclusionsAdverse health-related outcomes such as greater substance use, mental health difficulties and higher BMI appear to be more likely to cluster together in the more recent cohort, with implications for public health planning, service provision and lifelong disease burden.Implications and ContributionAdverse health outcomes like internalising mental ill-health, substance use and high BMI were more likely to co-occur in 2015 than 2005, albeit decreases in prevalence of substance use and antisocial behaviours and increases in internalising mental ill-health and BMI over this decade. This has implications for their causal associations and appropriate public-health action.
A Systematic Review of effect of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation on Cognition Impairment after a Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Hara Takatoshi , Shanmugalingam Aturan , McIntyre Amanda , Burhan Amer M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, the potential of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) for therapeutic effects on cognitive functions has been explored for stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) populations.MethodsAll English articles from the following sources were searched from inception up to December 31, 2018: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and CENTRAL. Randomized and prospective controlled trials, including cross-over studies, were included for analysis. Studies with at least five individuals post stroke or TBI, whereby at least five sessions of NIBS were provided and used standardized neuropsychological measurement of cognition, were included.ResultsA total of 17 studies met eligibility criteria which included 546 patients receiving either repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Sample sizes ranged 5-25 subjects per group. Seven studies used rTMS and ten studies used tDCS. Target symptoms included global cognition (n=8), memory (n=1), attention (n=1), and unilateral spatial neglect (USN) (n=7). Nine studies combined rehabilitation or additional therapy with NIBS. Six of ten studies showed significant improvement in attention, memory, working memory, and executive function. In the USN study, five of the seven studies had a significant improvement in the intervention group.ConclusionsThe effect of NIBS on executive functions including attention and memory post stroke or TBI yielded mixed results with variable stimulation parameters. A significant, consistent improvement was observed for USN post stroke or TBI. Future studies using advanced neurophysiological and neuroimaging tools to allow network-based approach to NIBS for cognitive symptoms post stroke or TBI are warranted.
Role of Specialized Composition of SWI/SNF Complexes in Prostate Cancer Lineage Plasticity
Authors: Cyrta Joanna , Augspach Anke , de Filippo Maria Rosaria , Prandi Davide , Thienger Phillip , Benelli Matteo , Cooley Victoria , Bareja Rohan , Wilkes David , Chae Sung-Suk , Cavaliere Paola , Dephoure Noah , Uldry Anne-Christine , Lagache Sophie Braga , Cohen Sandra , Jaquet Muriel , Brandt Laura P. , Alshalalfa Mohammed , Sboner Andrea , Feng Felix , Wang Shangqian , Beltran Himisha , Lotan Tamara , Spahn Martin , Julio Marianna Kruithof-de , Chen Yu , Ballman Karla V. , Demichelis Francesca , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Rubin Mark A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdvanced prostate cancer initially responds to hormonal treatment, but ultimately becomes resistant and requires more potent therapies. One mechanism of resistance observed in ∼10% of these patients is through lineage plasticity, which manifests in a partial or complete small cell or neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) phenotype. Here, we investigate the role of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex in NEPC. Using large patient datasets, patient-derived organoids and cancer cell lines, we identify mSWI/SNF subunits that are deregulated in NEPC and demonstrate that SMARCA4 (BRG1) overexpression is associated with aggressive disease. We also show that SWI/SNF complexes interact with different lineage-specific factors in NEPC compared to prostate adenocarcinoma. These data suggest a role for mSWI/SNF complexes in therapy-related lineage plasticity, which may be relevant for other solid tumors.