bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green light triggered [2+2] cycloaddition of halochromic styrylquinoxaline—controlling photoreactivity by pH
Authors: Kalayci Kubra , Frisch Hendrik , Truong Vinh X. , Barner-Kowollik Christopher 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhotochemical reactions are a powerful tool in (bio)materials design due to the spatial and temporal control light can provide. To extend their applications in biological setting, the use of low-energy, long wavelength light with high penetration propertiesis required. Further regulation of the photochemical process by additional stimuli, such as pH, will open the door for construction of highly regulated systems in nanotechnology- and biology-driven applications. Here we report the green light induced [2+2] cycloaddition of a halochromic system based on a styrylquinoxaline moiety, which allows for its photo-reactivity to be switched on and off by adjusting the pH of the system. Critically, the [2+2] photocycloaddition can be activated by green light (λ up to 550 nm), which is the longest wavelength employed to date in catalyst-free photocycloadditions in solution. Importantly, the pH-dependence of the photo-reactivity was mapped by constant photon action plots. The action plots further indicate that the choice of solvent strongly impacts the system’s photo-reactivity. Indeed, higher conversion and longer activation wavelengths were observed in water compared to acetonitrile under identical reaction conditions. The wider applicability of the system was demonstrated in the crosslinking of an 8-arm PEG to form hydrogels (ca. 1 cm in thickness) with a range of mechanical properties and pH responsiveness, highlighting the potential of the system in materials science.
Role of adhesion forces in mechanosensitive channel gating in Staphylococcus aureus adhering to surfaces
Authors: Carniello Vera , Peterson Brandon W. , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMechanosensitive channels in bacterial membranes open or close in response to environmental changes to allow transmembrane transport, including antibiotic uptake and solute efflux. In this paper, we hypothesize that gating of mechanosensitive channels is stimulated by forces through which bacteria adhere to surfaces. Hereto, channel gating is related with adhesion forces to different surfaces of a Staphylococcus aureus strain and its isogenic ΔmscL mutant, deficient in MscL (large) channel gating. Staphylococci becoming fluorescent due to uptake of calcein, increased with adhesion force and were higher in the parent strain (66% when adhering with an adhesion force above 4.0 nN) than in the ΔmscL mutant (40% above 1.2 nN). This suggests that MscL channels open at a higher critical adhesion force than at which physically different, MscS (small) channels open and contribute to transmembrane transport. Uptake of the antibiotic dihydrostreptomycin was monitored by staphylococcal killing. The parent strain exposed to dihydrostreptomycin yielded a CFU reduction of 2.3 log-units when adhering with an adhesion force above 3.5 nN, but CFU reduction remained low (1.0 log-unit) in the mutant, independent of adhesion force. This confirms that large channels open at a higher critical adhesion-force than small channels, as also concluded from calcein transmembrane transport. Collectively, these observations support our hypothesis that adhesion forces to surfaces play an important role, next to other established driving forces, in staphylococcal channel gating. This provides an interesting extension of our understanding of transmembrane antibiotic uptake and solute efflux in infectious staphylococcal biofilms in which bacteria experience adhesion forces from a wide variety of surfaces, like those of other bacteria, tissue cells, or implanted biomaterials.
Concepts of the half-valley-metal and quantum anomalous valley Hall effect
Authors: Hu He , Tong Wen-Yi , Shen Yu-Hao , Wan Xiangang , Duan Chun-Gang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractValley, the energy extrema in the electronic band structure at momentum space, is regarded as a new degree of freedom of electrons, in addition to charge and spin. The studies focused on valley degree of freedom now form an emerging field of condensed-matter physics, i.e., valleytronics, whose development is exactly following that of spintronics, which focuses on the spin degree of freedom. Here, in analogy to half-metals in spintronics where one spin channel is conducting, whereas the other is insulating, we propose the concept of half-valley metal, in which conduction electrons are intrinsically 100% valley polarized, as well as 100% spin polarized even when spin–orbit interactions are considered. Combining first-principle calculations with a two-band k·p model, the physical mechanism to form the half-valley metal is illuminated. Taking the ferrovalley H-FeCl2 monolayer with strong exchange interaction as an example, we find that the strong electron correlation effect can induce the ferrovalley to half-valley-metal transition. Due to the valley-dependent optical selection rules, such a system could be transparent to, e.g., left-circularly polarized light, yet the right-circularly polarized light will be reflected, which can in turn be used as a crucial method to detect the half-valley-metal state. Interestingly, with the increase of the correlation effect, the system becomes insulating again with all valleys following the same optical selection rule. We confirm that in this specific case, the valence bands, which consist of single spin, possess nonzero Chern number and consequently an intrinsic quantum anomalous valley Hall effect emerges. Our findings open an appealing route toward functional 2D materials design of valleytronics.
The social cost of gathering information for trust decisions
Authors: Ma I. , Sanfey A. G. , Ma W. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTrust decisions are inherently uncertain, as people usually have incomplete information about the trustworthiness of the other person prior to their decision to trust or not trust. Therefore, it is typically beneficial to gather information about a trustee’s past behaviour before deciding whether or not to trust them. However, elaborate inquiries about a trustee’s behaviour may change the trustee’s willingness to reciprocate, causing either a decrease due to the trustee’s negative impressions of the investor or an increase because the investor appears to be highly betrayal-averse to the trustee. In turn, such a change could cause the investor to gather less or more information, respectively. Here, we examine how information acquisition is modulated by social context, monetary cost, and the trustee’s trustworthiness. We gave participants the opportunity to sequentially sample information about a trustee’s reciprocation history before they decided whether or not to invest. Participants sampled less when there was a monetary cost and when the gathered information was more conclusive. On some trials, we induced a social context by telling the participant that the trustee would learn how much the participant sampled (“overt sampling”). Crucially, when sampling was free, participants sampled less when sampling was overt than when it was covert, suggesting that they avoided leaving negative impressions. We find that the data were well accounted for by a Bayesian heuristic model, in which the agent continues sampling until uncertainty about trustworthiness—as measured by the width of the posterior belief—drops below a level that they find tolerable. This study opens the door to broader applications of the tools and models of information sampling to social decision-making.
Cytokine profiling in serum-derived exosomes isolated by different methods
Authors: Jung Hae Hyun , Kim Ji-Yeon , Lim Ji Eun , Im Young-Hyuck 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExosomes in blood play an important role in cell-to-cell signaling and are a novel source of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Recently, evidence has accumulated that cytokines are released from encapsulated exosomes and are capable of eliciting biological effects upon contact with sensitive cells. However, there is currently limited information on exosome isolation methods for cytokine research. In this study, we evaluated three exosome isolation methods for their usability, yield, purity, and effectiveness in subsequent cytokine profiling. We found that ultracentrifugation (UC) and Exoquick (EQ), but not exoEasy, yielded appropriate exosome sizes, and EQ had higher exosome extraction efficiency than the other two methods. Although UC generated markedly fewer particles than EQ, it yielded a relatively high purity. Next, we performed a multiplex assay with the ProcartaPlex Immune Monitoring 65-Plex Panel to determine the feasibility of these methods for cytokine profiling. The results indicated significant differences among isolation methods when analyzing exosomal cytokine profiles. We further investigated the changes of exosomal cytokines according to breast cancer progression in triple-negative breast cancer. We found significantly decreased concentrations of MIP-3 alpha, IL-23, M-CSF, Eotaxin-3, BLC, SDF-1 alpha, IL-2R, MDC, FGF-2, IL-22, and IL-31 in exosomes from metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients.
Improved adaptive impedance matching for RF front-end systems of wireless transceivers
Authors: Alibakhshikenari Mohammad , Virdee Bal S. , Shukla Pancham , See Chan H. , Abd-Alhameed Raed A. , Falcone Francisco , Limiti Ernesto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper an automatic adaptive antenna impedance tuning algorithm is presented that is based on quantum inspired genetic optimization technique. The proposed automatic quantum genetic algorithm (AQGA) is used to find the optimum solution for a low-pass passiveT-impedance matchingLC-network inserted between an RF transceiver and its antenna. Results of the AQGA tuning method are presented for applications across 1.4 to 5 GHz (satellite services, LTE networks, radar systems, and WiFi bands). Compared to existing genetic algorithm-based tuning techniques the proposed algorithm converges much faster to provide a solution. At 1.4, 2.3, 3.4, 4.0, and 5.0 GHz bands the proposed AQGA is on average 75%, 49.2%, 64.9%, 54.7%, and 52.5% faster than conventional genetic algorithms, respectively. The results reveal the proposed AQGA is feasible for real-time application in RF-front-end systems.
Chiral discrimination by recollision enhanced femtosecond laser mass spectrometry
Authors: Bégin Jean-Luc , Alsaawy Maye , Bhardwaj Ravi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChiral molecules and their interactions are critical in a variety of chemical and biological processes. Circular dichroism (CD) is the most widely used optical technique to study chirality, often performed in a solution phase. However, CD has low-efficiency on the order of 0.01–1$$\%$$
%
. Therefore, there is a growing need to develop high-efficiency chiroptical techniques, especially in gas-phase, to gain background-free in-depth insight into chiral interactions. By using mass spectrometry and strong-field ionization of limonene with elliptically polarized light, we demonstrate an efficient chiral discrimination method that produces a chiral signal of one to two orders of magnitude higher than the conventional CD. The chiral response exhibits a strong dependence on wavelength in the range of 1,300–2,400 nm, where the relative abundance of the ion yields alternates between the two enantiomers. The origin of enhanced enantio-sensitivity in intense laser fields is attributed to two mechanisms that rely on the recollision dynamics in a chiral system: (1) the excited ionic state dynamics mediated either by the laser field or by the recollision process, and (2) non-dipole effects that alter the electron’s trajectories. Our results can serve as a benchmark for testing and developing theoretical tools involving non-dipole effects in strong-field ionization of molecules.
Genetic control of CCL24, POR, and IL23R contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis
Authors: Meguro Akira , Ishihara Mami , Petrek Martin , Yamamoto Ken , Takeuchi Masaki , Mrazek Frantisek , Kolek Vitezslav , Benicka Alzbeta , Yamane Takahiro , Shibuya Etsuko , Yoshino Atsushi , Isomoto Akiko , Ota Masao , Yatsu Keisuke , Shijubo Noriharu , Nagai Sonoko , Yamaguchi Etsuro , Yamaguchi Tetsuo , Namba Kenichi , Kaburaki Toshikatsu , Takase Hiroshi , Morimoto Shin-ichiro , Hori Junko , Kono Keiko , Goto Hiroshi , Suda Takafumi , Ikushima Soichiro , Ando Yasutaka , Takenaka Shinobu , Takeuchi Masaru , Yuasa Takenosuke , Sugisaki Katsunori , Ohguro Nobuyuki , Hiraoka Miki , Kitaichi Nobuyoshi , Sugiyama Yukihiko , Horita Nobuyuki , Asukata Yuri , Kawagoe Tatsukata , Kimura Ikuko , Ishido Mizuho , Inoko Hidetoshi , Mochizuki Manabu , Ohno Shigeaki , Bahram Seiamak , Remmers Elaine F. , Kastner Daniel L. , Mizuki Nobuhisa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSarcoidosis is a genetically complex systemic inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs. We present a GWAS of a Japanese cohort (700 sarcoidosis cases and 886 controls) with replication in independent samples from Japan (931 cases and 1,042 controls) and the Czech Republic (265 cases and 264 controls). We identified three loci outside theHLAcomplex,CCL24,STYXL1-SRRM3, andC1orf141-IL23R, which showed genome-wide significant associations (P < 5.0 × 10−8) with sarcoidosis;CCL24andSTYXL1-SRRM3were novel. The disease-risk alleles inCCL24andIL23Rwere associated with reducedCCL24andIL23Rexpression, respectively. The disease-risk allele inSTYXL1-SRRM3was associated with elevatedPORexpression. These results suggest that genetic control ofCCL24,POR, andIL23Rexpression contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. We speculate that theCCL24risk allele might be involved in a polarized Th1 response in sarcoidosis, and thatPORandIL23Rrisk alleles may lead to diminished host defense against sarcoidosis pathogens.
CircTHBS1 targeting miR-211/CCND2 pathway to promote cell proliferation and migration potential in primary cystitis glandularis cells
Authors: Ma Yue , Shan Zhengfei , Liu Ying , Shao Honggang , Xin Yupeng , He Kai , Jiang Shichun , Wang Yaodong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The pathogenesis of cystitis glandular (CG) is unclear, but it is generally considered to be a neoplastic lesion of urothelial hyperplasia formed by long-term chronic stimulation. There is growing evidence that circRNAs play important roles in a variety of cellular processes. However, there are few reports on the role and molecular mechanism of circRNA in CG. In the present study, we first isolated primary cells from CG tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Further experiments showed that CircTHBS1 was up-regulated in primary CG cells (pCGs). The results of CCK-8 showed that the overexpression of CircTHBS1 promoted the viability of pCGs, while the deletion of CircTHBS1 reduced the cell viability. Knocking out CircTHBS1 also inhibited the migration of pCGs. In addition, we demonstrated that CircTHBS1 played a role in the adsorption of miR-211 by “sponge” in pCG. In turn, miR-211 can directly target CYCLIN D2 (CCND2) 3′UTR to perform its function. Finally, we confirmed the role and mechanism of CircTHBS1/miR-211/CCND2 regulation axis in pCGs. In summary, our study is the first to reveal the role and underlying mechanism of CircTHBS1 in CG, providing a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human CG.
Cirrhosis and insulin resistance: current knowledge, pathophysiological mechanisms, complications and potential treatments
Authors: Clarembeau Frédéric , Bale Georgia , Lanthier Nicolas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnd-stage chronic liver diseases are often associated with insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Indeed, to quantify insulin sensitivity the euglycemic clamp technique was utilized, allowing the following to be stated: in small groups of patients, an IR in almost all cirrhotic patients can be observed, compared with a control group. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that IR in cirrhosis is linked to a decreased peripheral (muscle) glucose uptake rather than an increased liver glucose production. The homoeostasis model of IR (HOMA-IR) technique, devised only later, was then exploited to assess this same phenomenon in a larger sample population. The research established that even in patients with preserved liver function, cirrhosis is associated with significant alterations in glucose homoeostasis levels. The purpose of the present paper is to present the current research around the affiliation of cirrhosis and IR, discuss potential mechanisms explaining the association between cirrhosis and IR (i.e. endocrine perturbation, liver inflammation, altered muscle mass and composition, altered gut microbiota and permeability), complications that can arise as well as treatment options, through a critical review of the literature surrounding this subject. This research will also be investigating the beneficial impact, if there is any, of identifying and curing IR in patients with cirrhosis.
SPInS, a pipeline for massive stellar parameter inference
Authors: Lebreton Y. , Reese D. R. 
Published: August 2020

Context. Stellar parameters are required in a variety of contexts, ranging from the characterisation of exoplanets to Galactic archaeology. Among them, the age of stars cannot be directly measured, while the mass and radius can be measured in some particular cases (e.g. binary systems, interferometry). More generally, stellar ages, masses, and radii have to be inferred from stellar evolution models by appropriate techniques.
Aims. We have designed a Python tool named SPInS. It takes a set of photometric, spectroscopic, interferometric, and/or asteroseismic observational constraints and, relying on a stellar model grid, provides the age, mass, and radius of a star, among others, as well as error bars and correlations. We make the tool available to the community via a dedicated website.
Methods. SPInS uses a Bayesian approach to find the probability distribution function of stellar parameters from a set of classical constraints. At the heart of the code is a Markov chain Monte Carlo solver coupled with interpolation within a pre-computed stellar model grid. Priors can be considered, such as the initial mass function or stellar formation rate. SPInS can characterise single stars or coeval stars, such as members of binary systems or of stellar clusters.
Results. We first illustrate the capabilities of SPInS by studying stars that are spread over the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We then validate the tool by inferring the ages and masses of stars in several catalogues and by comparing them with literature results. We show that in addition to the age and mass, SPInS can efficiently provide derived quantities, such as the radius, surface gravity, and seismic indices. We demonstrate that SPInS can age-date and characterise coeval stars that share a common age and chemical composition.
Conclusions. The SPInS tool will be very helpful in preparing and interpreting the results of large-scale surveys, such as the wealth of data expected or already provided by space missions, such as Gaia, Kepler, TESS, and PLATO.
Strukturierte Erfassung von Unterstützungsangeboten
für Lungenkrebs- und Schlaganfallbetroffene in Berlin
Authors: Gödde Kathrin , Fügemann Hella , Müller-Nordhorn Jacqueline , Grimberg Marion , Goerling Ute , Siegerink Bob , Rieckmann Nina , Holmberg Christine 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Es soll untersucht werden, welche Arten an
Unterstützungsangeboten neben der direkten
medizinisch-therapeutischen Versorgung für Betroffene der
altersassoziierten Erkrankungen Lungenkrebs und Schlaganfall und deren
Angehörige, in der Region Berlin, zur Verfügung stehen. In
diesem Rahmen wurden auch relevante Unterstützungsthemen für
diese Patientengruppen und Barrieren für die Nutzung von
Unterstützungsangeboten aus der Perspektive von Experten der
Versorgung betrachtet.
Methodik Es erfolgte eine strukturierte Suche nach
Unterstützungsangeboten, welche Lungenkrebs- und
Schlaganfallpatienten und ihren Angehörigen im Umgang mit der neuen
krankheitsbezogenen Lebenssituation in Berlin zur Verfügung stehen.
Dafür wurden unterschiedliche Quellen, wie Internetrecherche und
Printsuche genutzt sowie Experteninterviews und ein Gruppengespräch
durchgeführt. Identifizierte Angebote wurden in Bezug auf ihre
Zielgruppe verifiziert und Informationen per Fragebogen eingeholt. Die
Experteninterviews und das Gruppengespräch wurden zusätzlich
genutzt, um Unterstützungsthemen sowie Hürden der Nutzung
von Angeboten aufzunehmen.
Ergebnisse In Berlin wurden für Patienten mit Lungenkrebs und
Schlaganfall und ihre Angehörigen 150 Unterstützungsangebote
identifiziert. Diese bieten Unterstützung unter anderem in den
Bereichen Informationsvermittlung und Beratung, Hilfe bei der Organisation
und Koordination der neuen Lebenssituation sowie psychosoziale Hilfe. Als
Hürden der Nutzung wurden unter anderem fehlende oder nicht an den
Bildungsstand angepasste Informationen über
Leistungsansprüche, die Unkenntnis des
Unterstützungsangebots und räumliche Entfernung genannt.
Schlussfolgerung Eine Reihe an Angeboten ist in Berlin vorhanden um
unterschiedliche Unterstützungsbedarfe von Schlaganfall- und
Lungenkrebspatienten und ihren Angehörigen abzudecken, welche
aufgrund der neuen Gesundheits- und Lebenssituation entstehen
können. Durch flächendeckende Information über
dieses bestehende Angebot und eine regionale Verfügbarkeit kann die
Nutzung von Unterstützung durch Betroffene optimiert werden.
Einsatzmöglichkeiten der freien mikrochirurgischen Fibulatransplantation in der Rekonstruktion komplexer ossärer Defekte an den Extremitäten – Literaturübersicht und Fallserie
Authors: Sauerbier Michael , Kuz Nikolai , Maldonado Andres A. , Hoffmann Reinhard 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Langstreckige ossäre Defekte der Extremitäten nach Trauma und Tumorresektion stellen eine große Herausforderung an das plastisch-rekonstruktiv tätige Chirurgenteam dar. Die Defektrekonstruktion mittels freier mikrochirurgischer Fibulatransplantation ist eine Standardmethode, bleibt jedoch mit einer nicht unerheblichen Komplikationsrate behaftet. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, eine aktuelle Übersicht zu den diversen Rekonstruktionsverfahren zu geben und anhand einer persönlichen Fallserie die eigenen Erfahrungen mit der freien Fibulatransplantation mitzuteilen.Patienten und Methoden Die Literaturrecherche zum Thema erfolgte über Pubmed und Web of Science, die retrospektive Datenerhebung des Eigenkollektivs des Seniorautors (MS) unter Einbeziehung von klinischen und radiologischen Daten.Ergebnisse Von 2007 bis 2018 wurde bei 11 Patienten eine freie Fibulatransplantation durchgeführt. In 4 Fällen war eine Pseudarthrose, in 3 eine Osteitis und in 2 Fällen ein Tumor für die Defektentstehung an den Extremitätenknochen ursächlich. Bei 2 Patienten lag eine Defektfraktur infolge eines Hochenergietraumas vor. In 9 Fällen war die obere, in 2 die untere Extremität betroffen. Bei 4 Patienten wurde ein osteoseptokutanes Transplantat entnommen, bei 2 davon kam es zum Verlust der Hautinsel postoperativ. Die Längen der Fibulatransplantate betrugen zwischen 5 und 22 cm. In allen Fällen war die knöcherne Integration des Transplantats vollständig. Das nach Physiotherapie erzielte Bewegungsausmaß der betroffenen Extremität war sehr gut bis befriedigend.Schlussfolgerung Die langstreckige ossäre Defektrekonstruktion mittels freier Fibula ist zweifelsohne eine Standardmethode, bedarf bei beschriebener hoher Komplikationsrate eine strenge Indikationsstellung unter Berücksichtigung alternativer Verfahren. Eine enge Kooperation zwischen plastisch-rekonstruktiven und unfallchirurgisch-orthopädischen Disziplinen ist unverzichtbar.