bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Same fold, different properties: polarizable molecular dynamics simulations of telomeric and TERRA G-quadruplexes
Authors: Lemkul Justin A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDNA and RNA sequences rich in guanine can fold into noncanonical structures called G-quadruplexes (GQs), which exhibit a common stem structure of Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonded guanine tetrads and diverse loop structures. GQ sequence motifs are overrepresented in promoters, origins of replication, telomeres, and untranslated regions in mRNA, suggesting roles in modulating gene expression and preserving genomic integrity. Given these roles and unique aspects of different structures, GQs are attractive targets for drug design, but greater insight into GQ folding pathways and the interactions stabilizing them is required. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to study two bimolecular GQs, a telomeric DNA GQ and the analogous telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) GQ. We applied the Drude polarizable force field, which we show outperforms the additive CHARMM36 force field in both ion retention and maintenance of the GQ folds. The polarizable simulations reveal that the GQs bind bulk K+ ions differently, and that the TERRA GQ accumulates more K+ ions, suggesting different ion interactions stabilize these structures. Nucleobase dipole moments vary as a function of position and also contribute to ion binding. Finally, we show that the TERRA GQ is more sensitive than the telomeric DNA GQ to water-mediated modulation of ion-induced dipole-dipole interactions.
Apuleius's Platonism
Authors: Hoenig Christina 
Published: November 2019

Lucius Apuleius (c. 125–after 170 ce), of the North African city Madaura, was a Roman philosophical writer of the 2nd century ce. Apuleius’s identity is thrown into an interesting light by his notorious description of the narrator of his comic novel Metamorphoses, perhaps his most famous work, as a relative of Sextus of Chaeronea, who, in turn, was a relation of the Middle Platonist Plutarch. It is possible that this reference indicates merely an intellectual affiliation with Sextus and the Platonic school. From Apuleius’s Florida, a collection of epideictic orations, we learn that he undertook philosophical studies, broadly construed, during a sojourn in Athens that lasted several years and that may have been spent in the intellectual vicinity of the Middle Platonist Calvenus Taurus. Apuleius is thus commonly grouped with the Middle Platonists (see also the separate Oxford Bibliographies article “Middle Platonism” for a general discussion and various Greek and Roman representatives), a label that has become rather problematic, since it appears to streamline intellectual currents of Platonism that have been shown to vary significantly. Alternative terms, such as “post-Hellenistic” philosophy, have been suggested, but the term “Middle Platonism” is still widely used, with the caveat, however, that it ought to refer to a chronological timeframe, roughly the 1st century bce until Plotinus, rather than a homogenous philosophical outlook. The most conspicuous element in Apuleius’s own philosophical output is a rather complex demonology, designed to ensure that divine providential care permeates the entire cosmos. Other features of his writings are what may be regarded as trademark attributes of his time: a tendency to fit Plato’s thought into a digestible, handbook-style system, instead of practicing critical inquiry or exegesis; a religious interpretation of philosophical doctrine, no doubt informed by his close affiliation with various mystery cults contemporary with him; and an emphasis on rhetoric as a suitable means of conveying philosophical wisdom, a feature in line with the literary and cultural taste of the Second Sophistic. Reluctance to accept Apuleius’s standing as a philosopher is a modern phenomenon. He was held in high esteem for his role as a Platonic philosopher already during his lifetime, and St. Augustine would later single him out, in Book 8 of his City of God against the Pagans, as one of the noblest disciples of Plato—a description that is then followed, it is true, by a devastating critique of Apuleius’s doctrine on demons.
Carl Maria von Weber
Authors: Morgan Joseph E. 
Published: November 2019

With a career that began at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, just as a concept of a unified German identity was emerging, Carl Maria von Weber (b. 1786–d. 1826) earned a great deal of fame writing songs for soldiers and students. Since then, Weber’s three late operas, and specifically his Der Freischütz (1821), have long been recognized as central to a narrative surrounding the emergence of a German operatic style. Indeed, Richard Wagner recognized Weber’s influence in his own writings, and later, the hyper-nationalistic elements of Germany laid great credence to that influence in their conception of a culturally superior German art and culture. However, in the late 20th century, critics started to isolate and study the aspects of Weber’s style that he had borrowed from foreign cultures. One particularly striking example is Weber’s adoption of the traditional formal conventions of the Italian Scena (Basevi’s la solita forma) in the 19th century. Despite Weber’s own overt statements against the Italian style, scholars have noted the clear influence of Italian opera on his works. Similarly, many of the very elements that would be cited as prototypically German in Weber’s works—the systems of thematic reference and motivic organization, the greater role of the orchestra in the texture, and the greater demands placed on the singer in terms of volume—are all increasingly cited as French in origin. Thus, the historical understanding of who Weber was and the character of his nationalist identity remains in flux, and Der Freischütz, Euryanthe, and Oberon retain a place in the operatic repertoire. On the other hand, Weber’s prominence as a musician and composer of symphonies, chamber music, and German Art songs has undergone a different path of study. As an early Romantic composer of piano sonatas, linking the delicate ornamentation of Frédéric Chopin (b. 1810–d. 1849) with the Viennese classicism of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (b. 1756–d. 1791), Weber has maintained his position on the edge of the mainstream repertoire in this genre, too. His compositions for clarinet as well as his bassoon and horn concertos also remain important parts of those instruments’ repertoires. Yet perhaps his biggest exposure results from the performance of his operatic overtures on the concert stage. In all, looking at individual genres, Weber’s impact is easy to underestimate, but taken as a whole, as an accomplished composer, pianist, conductor, and writer, his works and career made a tremendous impact on classical music in the 19th century.
19th Century and Modernismo Poetry in Spanish America
Authors: Ruisánchez Serra José Ramón 
Published: November 2019

The timeline of the long 19th century in Spanish America can be defined by different chronological benchmarks. While some historians mark its beginning with the expulsion of the Jesuits (1767) and the creation of the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata (1776), others set its beginnings with the wars of independence (1791–1822). Historians also disagree on its ending. Some choose the end of the Mexican Revolution (1917), while others push further to the foundation of the Partido Nacional Revolucionario in Mexico, in 1929. For this entry, it is preferable to signal the beginning and end of 19th century in Latin America with milestones more closely related to poetry: 1805–1916. The former marks the publication of the first issue of El Diario de México, where the creations of the local Arcadia appeared while the latter marks the death of Rubén Darío and the first edition of Ramón López Velarde’s La sangre devota. Even within these strict chronological limits, offering a panoramic view of the poetry written throughout the continent is difficult. Before the advanced printing technologies that allowed the first truly massive newspapers to circulate in Buenos Aires and Mexico City that would spawn the advent of literary Modernismo, it is nearly impossible to speak of poets of true Pan American stature. Andrés Bello (b. 1781–d. 1865) and José María Heredia (b. 1842–d. 1905) are the exception. These two poets exerted considerable influence as is evident in the importance that was granted to them in the first published anthology of Latin American Poetry, América poética 1846–1847, and even much later by Spanish philologist Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo (b. 1856–d. 1912) in his four-volume anthology, Antología de poetas hispano-americanos publicada por la Real Academia Española 1893–1895. Generally, authors had considerable national and at times regional influence but rarely achieved continental recognition. Consequently, this disjointed geography leads to a very large number of critical studies dedicated to local spheres with very few satisfactorily going beyond the realm of the national. This absence reflects a period when the most pressing need was to create national differences.
Internal Carotid Artery to Posterior Cerebral Artery Bypass for Fusiform Basilar Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fusiform dolichoectatic basilar trunk aneurysms pose an immense surgical challenge because of the extremely eloquent tissue at risk during the procedure and the complex management strategies required to relieve mass effect on the brainstem. The patient presented in this case experienced progressive brainstem deterioration with quadraparesis and multiple cranial neuropathies. The patient underwent a modified orbitozygomatic craniotomy for visualization, and an end-to-side anastomosis between a radial artery interposition graft and the posterior cerebral artery was performed, followed by an end-to-side anastomosis of the interposition graft to the intracranial internal carotid artery. A permanent clip was applied to the top of the basilar trunk to obliterate distal flow. Postoperative imaging demonstrated progressive thrombosis of the fusiform aneurysm. Basilar aneurysms represent challenging lesions for both microsurgical and endovascular treatments. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
MODELLING AND SIMULATION FOR RADIOLOGICAL DOSE ASSESSMENT OF PSAMMOTHERAPY AND CLIMATOTHERPY
Authors: Allam Kh A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Patient and occupational dose rates due to psammotherapy (sand therapy) and climatotherapy treatments in high natural background areas in Egypt have been evaluated. Monte Carlo mathematical simulations using adult human phantoms were applied to consider the effect of elevated 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations and the nonhomogeneous distribution of natural radionuclides in beach sand. Three situations: phantom covered by sand or lying on the beach and points in air at several heights above sand level, were considered. The gamma-ray doses per treatment were calculated at a reference point located on the phantom surface centrally above the genital area. The thus calculated patient-absorbed-dose ranges at this reference point were 0.006–0.018 mGy and 0.004–0.023 mGy per climatotherapy and psammotherapy treatments, respectively.
PERIPHERAL SURFACE DOSE FROM A LINEAR ACCELERATOR: RADIOCHROMIC FILM EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF FLATTENING FILTER FREE VERSUS FLATTENED BEAMS
Authors: García-Hernández Trinitat , Vicedo-González Aurora , Sánchez-Nieto Beatriz , Romero-Expósito Maite , Roselló-Ferrando Joan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is a growing interest in the use of flattening filter free (FFF) beams due to the shorter treatment times. The reduction of head scatter suggests a better radiation protection to radiotherapy patients, considering the expected decrease in peripheral surface dose (PSD). In this work, PSD of flattened (FF) and FFF-photon beams was compared. A radiochromic film calibration method to reduce energy dependence was used. PSD was measured at distances from 2 to 50 cm to the field border for different square field sizes, modifying relevant clinical parameters. Also, clinical breast and prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) plans were studied. For square beams, FFF PSD is lower compared with FF PSD (differences ranging from 3 to 64%) and 10 MV FFF yields to the lowest value, for distances greater than 5 cm. For SBRT plans, near and far away from the field border, there is a reduction of PSD for FFF-beams, but the behavior at intermediate distances should be checked depending on the case.
Insolvent trusts—the Z Trusts litigation
Authors: Passmore Oliver 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Z Trusts litigation in Jersey represents the first occasion on which a Court has considered what is to happen when a trust becomes “insolvent”. The Royal Court has given a series of judgments which deal with various aspects of such a situation, from the duties of trustees, to the procedure for creditor claims, to the question of priority between creditors. As such, it represents a case study in how a Court might approach such a situation and provides useful guidance to trustees and those who transact with them as to what might happen in such circumstances.
Mitochondrial fusion mediated by fusion promotion and fission inhibition directs adult mouse heart function toward a different direction
Authors: Qin Yuan , Li Anqi , Liu Bilin , Jiang Wenting , Gao Meng , Tian Xiangang , Gong Guohua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMitochondrial fusion and fission are essential for heart function. Abrogating mitochondrial dynamism leads to cardiomyopathy. Excessive mitochondrial fragmentation is involved in most heart diseases, thus enhancing mitochondrial fusion will be a potential therapeutic strategy. To understand the effects of promoting mitochondrial fusion in adult cardiac, we investigated mice hearts, and cultured murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), in which mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) overexpressed or dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) was abrogated concomitantly forcing mitochondrial fusion. Parallel studies revealed that fission‐defective Drp1 knockout hearts and MEFs evoked stronger mitochondrial enlargement, enhanced mitophagy with mitochondrial volume decrease and increased mitochondrial calcium uptake, superoxide production, and permeability transition pore opening, contributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Mfn2 overexpression in the adult heart is comparable with the control except for slight mitochondrial enlargement and mitochondrial volume increase, but without mitophagy induction. Moreover, Mfn2 overexpression increases mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion could protect against mitochondrial fragmentation and Drp1 deletion evoking mitophagy in MEFs. Our findings indicate that mitochondrial fusion provoked by fusion promotion and fission inhibition direct the different fate of heart, Mfn2 upregulation other than Drp1 downregulation well maintains heart mitochondrial function is a more safe strategy for correcting excessive mitochondrial fragmentation in hearts.
An adipose tissue galectin controls endothelial cell function via preferential recognition of 3‐fucosylated glycans
Authors: Maller Sebastián M. , Cagnoni Alejandro J. , Bannoud Nadia , Sigaut Lorena , Pérez Sáez Juan M. , Pietrasanta Lía I. , Yang Ri‐Yao , Liu Fu‐Tong , Croci Diego O. , Di Lella Santiago , Sundblad Victoria , Rabinovich Gabriel A. , Mariño Karina V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUpon overnutrition, adipocytes activate a homeostatic program to adjust anabolic pressure. An inflammatory response enables adipose tissue (AT) expansion with concomitant enlargement of its capillary network, and reduces energy storage by increasing insulin resistance. Galectin‐12 (Gal‐12), an endogenous lectin preferentially expressed in AT, plays a key role in adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, and glucose homeostasis. Here, we reveal biochemical and biophysical determinants of Gal‐12 structure, including its preferential recognition of 3‐fucosylated structures, a unique feature among members of the galectin family. Furthermore, we identify a previously unanticipated role for this lectin in the regulation of angiogenesis within AT. Gal‐12 showed preferential localization within the inner side of lipid droplets, and its expression was upregulated under hypoxic conditions. Through glycosylation‐dependent binding to endothelial cells, Gal‐12 promoted in vitro angiogenesis. Moreover, analysis of in vivo AT vasculature showed reduced vascular networks in Gal‐12‐deficient (Lgals12‐/‐) compared to wild‐type mice, supporting a role for this lectin in AT angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study unveils biochemical, topological, and functional features of a hypoxia‐regulated galectin in AT, which modulates endothelial cell function through recognition of 3‐fucosylated glycans. Thus, glycosylation‐dependent programs may control AT homeostasis by modulating endothelial cell biology with critical implications in metabolic disorders and inflammation.
Down syndrome, severe psoriasis, and increased risk for cardiovascular events
Authors: Sismour Brittany , D'Acunto Kristin 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder known to cause many complications with lifelong effects. Patients with Down syndrome are known to produce excess interferon gamma, a major culprit of psoriasis formation and severity. Both conditions increase patient risk for major cardiovascular events; however, a potential association between Down syndrome and severe psoriasis has not been well studied. This article discusses a patient with Down syndrome and worsening plaque psoriasis who died of an acute myocardial infarction.
What is the role of dehydroepiandrosterone in gynecologic practice?
Authors: Gajarawala Shilpa N. , Wood Tiffany A. , Stanton Amanda P. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
In small clinical trials, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has been found to relieve symptoms associated with postmenopausal conditions and infertility in women. DHEA may provide a cost-effective alternative to typical hormone therapies. Because of a lack of long-term and large-scale studies, only intravaginal DHEA supplementation is approved and recommended for treatment. Further investigation of DHEA supplementation is needed and encouraged to determine its safety and effectiveness.
Expert Consensus for Early Onset Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Hughes Michael S. , Swarup Ishaan , Makarewich Christopher A. , Williams Brendan A. , Talwar Divya , Cahill Patrick J. , Flynn John M. , Anari Jason B. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Despite a validated classification system, high-quality multicenter research databases (CSSG/GSSG), and a recent proliferation in publications, early-onset scoliosis (EOS) surgeons have no consensus on standards for surgical treatment. The 21st-century revolution in EOS care has only accelerated, with the arrival of a classification system, magnetically controlled growing rod, nusinersen, and improved nonoperative care (Mehta or Risser casting and compliance-monitored braces). This dizzying pace of change may have outstripped our ability to develop best-practice standards for EOS surgical indications. To learn where consensus is best (and worst) at this moment, we surveyed EOS world thought-leaders on a collection of representative cases.

Methods:
A 6-case survey was constructed and sent to 20 EOS world thought-leaders. The cases were selected to be representative of the major treatment categories: idiopathic, neuromuscular, syndromic, congenital, thoracic dysplasia, and spinal muscular atrophy (specifically to assess the impact of nusinersen and parasol deformity on surgical planning). Respondents were queried regarding treatment with specific attention to instrumentation and construct when surgery was selected. Responses regarding surgical timing and technique were analyzed for consensus (defined as >80%). χ2 analysis was performed to evaluate for differences in treatment preferences based on years of experience.

Results:
The survey response was 100%. Clinical experience ranged from 8 to 40 years (average 23.9 y). There was no consensus on any case. The greatest variability was on the congenital case; the closest to consensus was on the spinal muscular atrophy case. Three or more approaches were selected for all 6 cases; >4 approaches were selected for 5 cases. There is a trend towards screw fixation for proximal anchors. The management of thoracic dysplasia and parasol deformity is far from consensus.

Conclusion:
The lack of consensus for surgical treatment of 6 representative EOS cases demands a renewed effort and commitment to develop best-practice guidelines based on multicenter outcome data.

Level of Evidence:
Level V—Expert Opinion.
How Does Body Mass Index Influence Outcomes in Patients After Lumbar Fusion?
Authors: Divi Srikanth N. , Goyal Dhruv K.C. , Galetta Matthew S. , Fang Taolin , Padua Fortunado G. , Reyes Ariana A. , Kaye Ian David , Kurd Mark F. , Woods Barrett I. , Radcliff Kris E. , Rihn Jeffery A. , Anderson David Greg , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: November 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
The purpose of the present study is to determine how body mass index (BMI) affects patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) after lumbar fusions.

Summary of Background Data.
Although greater preoperative BMI is known to increase the rates of adverse events after surgery, there is a paucity of literature assessing the influence of BMI on PROMs after lumbar fusion.

Methods.
Patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgery between 1 and 3 levels were retrospectively identified. PROMs analyzed were the Short Form-12 Physical Component Score, Mental Component Score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Visual Analog Scale Back and Leg pain scores. Patients were divided into groups based on preoperative BMI: class 1, BMI <25.0; class 2, BMI 25.0 to 29.9; class 3, BMI 30.0 to 34.9; and class 4, BMI ≥35.0. Absolute PROM scores, the recovery ratio, and the percentage of patients achieving minimum clinically important difference between groups were compared.

Results.
A total of 54 (14.8%) patients in class 1, 140 (38.2%) in class 2, 109 (29.8%) in class 3, and 63 (17.2%) in class 4 were included. All patients improved after surgery across all outcome measures (P < 0.001) except for class 4 patients, who did not improve in terms of Short Form-12 Mental Component Score scores after surgery (P = 0.276). Preoperative Short Form-12 Physical Component Score (P = 0.002) and Oswestry Disability Index (P < 0.0001) scores were significantly different between BMI groups—with class 4 having worse disability than class 1 and 2. BMI was not a significant predictor for any outcome domain. Overall 30- and 90-day readmission rates were similar between groups, with a higher revision rate in the class 4 group (P = 0.036), due to a higher incidence of postoperative surgical site infections (P = 0.014).

Conclusion.
All patients undergoing short-segment lumbar fusion for degenerative disease improved to a similar degree with respect to PROMs. Those in the highest class of obesity (BMI ≥35.0) were, however, at a greater risk for postoperative surgical site infection.

Level of Evidence: 3