bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
379 A STUDY TO UNRAVEL THE THERANOSTIC PARADIGM FOR ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN INDIAN POPULATION
Authors: Rithvika R , Pavithra V , Rajendiran S , Sundaram S , Chandramohan S , Cheemakurthi R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant histological subtype in esophageal cancers (EC) and is one of the most aggressive cancers without effective therapy, Currently, Human papillomavirus (HPV) is suggested to be a potential risk factor for EC in addition to the classic predisposing factors, alcohol and tobacco, We have sought to investigate p16 a well-known biomarker for HPV and theranostic factors (EGFR & BRAF) that may have an impact on survival of ESCC.

Methods
We have analyzed 68 tissue biopsies which were histopathologically confirmed as ESCC. The paraffin embedded biopsies were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of EGFR and p16. The intensity of membrane staining for EGFR were scored as:0,1+,2+,3+, scores 2+ and 3+ were taken as over expression and score 1 as low expression. IHC for p16 was observed positive if it was brown colour in nucleus and cytoplasm.
Then, mutational analysis for BRAF V600E was performed on a non biased data base by using PCR technique and confirming it through bidirectional Sanger sequencing.

Results
In total of 68 biopsies:
Immunohistochemistry,
- 56 biopsies (82.3%) overexpressed EGFR of which high grade ESCC’s showed greater expression than low grade.
- 42 biopsies (61.7%) expressed p16
- 23 biopsies (33.8%) showing positivity for both p16 & EGFR thereby explaining p16 mediated EGFR upregulation
Mutational analysis:
Two middle aged female patients showed mutants:
- Mutation of ACAGAAAAA was detected in V600E codon for one
- Mutation of TCTGTATCA was detected in exon 11 of G466V for another
- However IHC for p16 & EGFR of these two patients turned negative.

Conclusion
Our study reveals comprehensive mutational profile (EGFR, p16 and BRAF) on ESCC, shedding light on potential molecular mechanisms associated with its development and possible therapeutic regimens. Taken together with our findings, we propose a prospective study of a large sized population especially including middle aged female patients to further validate the role of this profile as indicators to unravel the theranostic values. To our knowledge this study is the first of it’s kind in India.
402 ADVANCEMENT COLOPLASTY: A NOVEL SURGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR POST COLOPLASTY UPPER PARTIAL NECROSIS/SUPRASTERNAL STRICTURE
Authors: Sm C , M K , H S , M K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Upper Partial Necrosis or Suprasternal Stricture after pharyngocolic anastomosis is a difficult situation to manage. Here we present a video presentation of a novel technique of Advancement Coloplasty.

Methods
Video Presentation of Advancement Coloplasty.

Results
Video Presentation of Advancement coloplasty.

Conclusion
There are a variety of complex options including microvascular free jejunal grafts. We are describing an innovative technique of advancing the existing colon conduit for neoanastomosis. This is the video of the advancement coloplasty explained in a stepwise approach.

Video
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YrTnQgjT5TPkAXK8EQRswjPZo-baBICL/view?usp=sharing
Joint liability and adaptation to climate change: evidence from Burkinabe cooperatives
Authors: Castaing Pauline 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In semi-arid lands, the resilience of farmers facing climate change is uncertain. The main objective of this paper is to explore whether mutual assistance within a group of cotton farmers implies reduced adoption of risk-mitigating strategies. I investigate the case of Burkina Faso where cotton farmers collectively purchase inputs from the cotton wholesale companies and pay for their purchase under the constraint of joint liability. Specifically, I try to understand whether this joint liability is correlated with the adoption of strategies which reduce exposure to climatic risks. I proxy peer pressure by the size of the network and find it to be associated with reduced investment in both incremental and transformational self-protection against weather shocks.
Assessing the quality of clinical and administrative data extracted from hospitals: the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative (GEMINI) experience
Authors: Verma Amol A , Pasricha Sachin V , Jung Hae Young , Kushnir Vladyslav , Mak Denise Y F , Koppula Radha , Guo Yishan , Kwan Janice L , Lapointe-Shaw Lauren , Rawal Shail , Tang Terence , Weinerman Adina , Razak Fahad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveLarge clinical databases are increasingly used for research and quality improvement. We describe an approach to data quality assessment from the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative (GEMINI), which collects and standardizes administrative and clinical data from hospitals.MethodsThe GEMINI database contained 245 559 patient admissions at 7 hospitals in Ontario, Canada from 2010 to 2017. We performed 7 computational data quality checks and iteratively re-extracted data from hospitals to correct problems. Thereafter, GEMINI data were compared to data that were manually abstracted from the hospital’s electronic medical record for 23 419 selected data points on a sample of 7488 patients.ResultsComputational checks flagged 103 potential data quality issues, which were either corrected or documented to inform future analysis. For example, we identified the inclusion of canceled radiology tests, a time shift of transfusion data, and mistakenly processing the chemical symbol for sodium (“Na”) as a missing value. Manual validation identified 1 important data quality issue that was not detected by computational checks: transfusion dates and times at 1 site were unreliable. Apart from that single issue, across all data tables, GEMINI data had high overall accuracy (ranging from 98%–100%), sensitivity (95%–100%), specificity (99%–100%), positive predictive value (93%–100%), and negative predictive value (99%–100%) compared to the gold standard.Discussion and ConclusionComputational data quality checks with iterative re-extraction facilitated reliable data collection from hospitals but missed 1 critical quality issue. Combining computational and manual approaches may be optimal for assessing the quality of large multisite clinical databases.
Optimizing the electronic health record: An inpatient sprint addresses provider burnout and improves electronic health record satisfaction
Authors: Simpson Jennifer R , Lin Chen-Tan , Sieja Amber , Sillau Stefan H , Pell Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
We sought reduce electronic health record (EHR) burden on inpatient clinicians with a 2-week EHR optimization sprint.

Materials and Methods
A team led by physician informaticists worked with 19 advanced practice providers (APPs) in 1 specialty unit. Over 2 weeks, the team delivered 21 EHR changes, and provided 39 one-on-one training sessions to APPs, with an average of 2.8 hours per provider. We measured Net Promoter Score, thriving metrics, and time spent in the EHR based on user log data.

Results
Of the 19 APPs, 18 completed 2 or more sessions. The EHR Net Promoter Score increased from 6 to 60 postsprint (1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-1.8; P = .01). The NPS for the Sprint itself was 93, a very high rating. The 3-axis emotional thriving, emotional recovery, and emotional exhaustion metrics did not show a significant change. By user log data, time spent in the EHR did not show a significant decrease; however, 40% of the APPs responded that they spent less time in the EHR.

Conclusions
This inpatient sprint improved satisfaction with the EHR.
Problem Severity, Collaborative Stage, and Partner Selection in US Cities
Authors: Kalesnikaite Vaiva , Neshkova Milena I 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrior research identifies problem severity as an important antecedent of collaboration. Yet, little is known about how problem severity shapes collaborative behavior of public organizations beyond the initial decision to engage in such action. This study adds to the theory of collaboration by linking problem severity to the stage of collaborative activity and partner selection. We empirically test the validity of these linkages in the context of US local governments and examine how they respond to a wicked public problem—sea-level rise. The analysis draws on 2017 survey data from 140 vulnerable municipalities across 20 states. We find that cities respond to higher risk by increasing their collaborative effort and seeking partners across sectors, with preference for those less similar to them. Our results remain robust to three objective measures of problem severity, as well as to a perception-based measure. A closer examination of the interplay between the effect of real and perceived threat underscores the need to account for the views of local decision makers.
Child and Family Outcomes Following Pandemics: A Systematic Review and Recommendations on COVID-19 Policies
Authors: C. Fong Vanessa , Iarocci Grace 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveA systematic review of mental health outcomes and needs of children and families during past pandemics was conducted based on the PRISMA protocol. The objectives were to evaluate the quality of existing studies on this topic, determine what is known about mental health outcomes and needs of children and families, and provide recommendations for how COVID-19 policies can best support children and families.MethodsSeventeen studies were identified through a search of PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.ResultsStudies examining child outcomes indicate that social isolation and quarantining practices exert a substantial negative impact on child anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and fear symptoms. Potential risk factors such as living in rural areas, being female, and increasing grade level may exacerbate negative mental health outcomes for children. Studies examining parental and family outcomes indicate that parents experience high stress, anxiety, and financial burden during pandemics. The age of the parent and family socioeconomic status (SES) appeared to mitigate negative outcomes, where older parents and higher SES families had lower rates of mental health problems. Parents’ fear over the physical and mental health of their children, concerns over potential job loss and arranging childcare contributes to elevated stress and poorer well-being.ConclusionsFindings from this review suggest current gaps in COVID-19 policies and provide recommendations such implementing “family-friendly” policies that are inclusive and have flexible eligibility criteria. Examples include universal paid sick leave for parents and financial supports for parents who are also frontline workers and are at an elevated risk for contracting the disease.
Parenting-Related Exhaustion During the Italian COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: Marchetti Daniela , Fontanesi Lilybeth , Mazza Cristina , Di Giandomenico Serena , Roma Paolo , Verrocchio Maria Cristina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveWorldwide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated significant worry, uncertainty, anxiety, sadness, and loneliness. In Italy, these effects have been particularly pronounced. While research on the COVID-19 outbreak has mainly focused on the clinical features of infected patients and the psychological impact on the general population and health professionals, no investigation has yet assessed the psychological impact of the pandemic on parents. In the present research, we conducted a web-based survey of Italian parents to examine the prevalence of parenting-related exhaustion—and to identify its associated risk and protective factors—4 weeks into the lockdown.MethodsA total of 1,226 parents provided their consent to participate in the study and completed a demographic questionnaire, information relating to particular COVID-19 experiences, and measures of emotional exhaustion, parental resilience, social connections, and psychological distress during the lockdown.ResultsSeventeen percent of our sample experienced significant parenting-related exhaustion, with mothers more severely affected. Multiple regression analyses showed that greater parenting-related exhaustion was predicted by psychological distress, lower parental resilience, motherhood, fewer perceived social connections, and being single, as well as having a child with special needs, having a large number of children, and having younger children.ConclusionThe findings add further support to the call for preventive programs to support parents throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health professionals and social workers should be warned of the effects of lockdown and social distancing on parenting and, consequently, the well-being of children.
The All-Sky SignAl Short-Spacing INterferometer (ASSASSIN) – I. Global-sky measurements with the Engineering Development Array-2
Authors: McKinley B , Trott C M , Sokolowski M , Wayth R B , Sutinjo A , Patra N , NambissanT. J , Ung D C X 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Aiming to fill a crucial gap in our observational knowledge of the early Universe, experiments around the world continue to attempt to verify the claimed detection of the redshifted 21-cm signal from Cosmic Dawn by the EDGES experiment. This sky-averaged or ‘global’ signal from neutral hydrogen should be detectable at low radio frequencies (50–200 MHz), but is difficult to measure due to bright foreground emission and difficulties in reaching the required levels of instrumental-calibration precision. In this paper, we outline our progress toward using a novel new method to measure the global redshifted 21-cm signal. Motivated by the need to use alternative methods with very different systematic errors to EDGES for an independent result, we employ an array of closely spaced antennas to measure the global-sky signal interferometrically, rather than using the conventional approach with a single antenna. We use simulations to demonstrate our newly developed methods and show that, for an idealized instrument, a 21-cm signal could theoretically be extracted from the visibilities of an array of closely spaced dipoles. We verify that our signal-extraction methods work on real data using observations made with a Square-Kilometre-Array-like prototype, the Engineering Development Array-2. Finally, we use the lessons learned in both our simulations and observations to lay out a clear plan for future work, which will ultimately lead to a new global redshifted 21-cm instrument: the All-Sky SignAl Short-Spacing INterferometer (ASSASSIN).
Unraveling the Genetic Basis for the Rapid Diversification of Male Genitalia between Drosophila Species
Authors: Hagen Joanna F D , Mendes Cláudia C , Booth Shamma R , Figueras Jimenez Javier , Tanaka Kentaro M , Franke Franziska A , Baudouin-Gonzalez Luis , Ridgway Amber M , Arif Saad , Nunes Maria D S , McGregor Alistair P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the last 240,000 years, males of the Drosophila simulans species clade have evolved striking differences in the morphology of their epandrial posterior lobes and claspers (surstyli). These appendages are used for grasping the female during mating and so their divergence is most likely driven by sexual selection. Mapping studies indicate a highly polygenic and generally additive genetic basis for these morphological differences. However, we have limited understanding of the gene regulatory networks that control the development of genital structures and how they evolved to result in this rapid phenotypic diversification. Here, we used new D. simulans/D. mauritiana introgression lines on chromosome arm 3L to generate higher resolution maps of posterior lobe and clasper differences between these species. We then carried out RNA-seq on the developing genitalia of both species to identify the expressed genes and those that are differentially expressed between the two species. This allowed us to test the function of expressed positional candidates during genital development in D. melanogaster. We identified several new genes involved in the development and possibly the evolution of these genital structures, including the transcription factors Hairy and Grunge. Furthermore, we discovered that during clasper development Hairy negatively regulates tartan (trn), a gene known to contribute to divergence in clasper morphology. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the regulation of genital development and how this has evolved between species.
Embryonic fatty acid metabolism in diabetic pregnancy: the difference between embryoblasts and trophoblasts
Authors: Schindler Maria , Dannenberger Dirk , Nuernberg Gerd , Pendzialek Mareike , Grybel Katarzyna , Seeling Tom , Navarrete Santos Anne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDuring the first days of development the preimplantation embryo is supplied with nutrients from the surrounding milieu. Maternal diabetes mellitus affects the uterine microenvironment, leading to a metabolic adaptation processes in the embryo. We analysed embryonic fatty acid (FA) profiles and expression of processing genes in rabbit blastocysts, separately in embryoblasts (EBs) and trophoblasts (TBs), to determine the potential consequences of maternal diabetes mellitus on intracellular FA metabolism. Insulin-dependent diabetes was induced by alloxan in female rabbits. On Day 6 post coitum, FA profiles in blastocysts (EB, TB and blastocoel fluid) and maternal blood were analysed by gas chromatography. The expression levels of molecules involved in FA elongation (fatty acid elongases, ELOVLs) and desaturation (fatty acid desaturases, FADSs) were measured in EB and TB. Maternal diabetes mellitus influenced the FA profile in maternal plasma and blastocysts. Independent from metabolic changes, rabbit blastocysts contained a higher level of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and a lower level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) compared to the FA profile of the maternal plasma. Furthermore, the FA profile was altered in the EB and TB, differently. While SFAs (palmitic and stearic acid) were elevated in EB of diabetic rabbits, PUFAs, such as docosahexaenoic acid, were decreased. In contrast, in the TB, lower levels of SFAs and higher levels of oleic acid were observed. EB and TB specific alterations in gene expression were found for ELOVLs and FADSs, key enzymes for FA elongation and desaturation. In conclusion, maternal diabetes mellitus alters embryonic FA metabolism differently in EB and TB, indicating a lineage-specific metabolic adaptive response.
Gender Bias in Agricultural Child Labor: Evidence from Survey Design Experiments
Authors: Galdo Jose , Dammert Ana C , Abebaw Degnet 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTAgricultural labor accounts for the largest share of child labor worldwide. Yet, measurement of farm labor statistics is challenging due to its inherent seasonality, variable and irregular work schedules, and the varying saliencies of individuals’ work activities. The problem is further complicated by the presence of widespread gender stratification of work and social lives. This study reports the findings of three randomized survey design interventions over the agricultural coffee calendar in rural Ethiopia to address whether response by proxy rather than by self-report has effects on the measurement of child labor statistics within and across seasons. While the estimates do not report differences for boys across all seasons, the analysis shows sizable self/proxy discrepancies in child labor statistics for girls. Overall, the results highlight concerns on the use of survey proxy respondents in agricultural labor, particularly for girls. The main findings have important implications for policymakers about data collection in rural areas in developing countries.
Nursing Assessment of Wound-Related Pain: An Italian Learning Survey
Authors: Toma Elena , Veneziano Maria Luisa , Filomeno Lucia , Villa Annalisa , Rosato Edoardo , la Torre Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Pain is an important symptom in wound management, and the choice of treatment directly affects the patient's quality of life. Pain assessment (PA) is essential for quality wound care and, in Italy, mandatory by law.

OBJECTIVE
To administer a dedicated learning survey to obtain a better sense of current PA practices, ensure more training, improve procedures, and reduce malpractice.

METHODS
A 16-month learning survey of nurses based on a validated questionnaire developed for this project.

RESULTS
The survey sample comprised 512 questionnaires. Of respondents, 78% were female, 56.1% were older than 40 years, 94% were RNs, and 6% were wound care specialist nurses. Participants performed a range of dressing changes per week (1-5, 46.3%; 6-20, 34.4%; >21, 19.3%). Although 93% of respondents considered PA important, only 26% recognized it as a vital parameter, and barely one-quarter (25.4%) were aware of current legislation mandating PA. The majority (95.3%) believed that PA is not consistent with pain perceived by the patient. Further, 87.3% stated that they did not have adequate knowledge to conduct a PA, 91.4% did not consider themselves up-to-date on PA, and 81% did not document PA results. However, specific wound care training leads to significantly better PA (P < .001): 71.9% of wound care specialist nurses recognized pain as a vital parameter, and 59.4% were aware of current legislation regarding PA; further, 81.3% consistently evaluated pain, 59.4% documented PA results, and 50% communicated the outcome to the physician in charge.

CONCLUSIONS
The results illustrate the lack of sensitivity, training, and education that Italian RNs have regarding PA in wound care.
Cerebellar anaplastic astrocytoma in adult patients: 15 consecutive cases from a single institution and literature review
Authors: Belyaev Artem , Usachev Dmitry , Ryzhova Marina , Gulida Gleb , Skvortsova Vasilisa , Pronin Igor , Kobiakov Grigory 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdult cerebellar anaplastic astrocytomas (cAA) are rare entities and their clinical and genetic appearances are still ill defined. Previously, malignant gliomas of the cerebellum were combined and reviewed together (cAA and cerebellar glioblastomas (cGB), that could have possibly affected overall results. We present characteristics of 15 adult patients with cAA and compared them to a series of 45 patients with a supratentorial AA (sAA). The mean age at cAA diagnosis was 39.3 years (range 19-72). A history of neurofibromatosis type I was noted in 1 patient (6.7%). An IDH-1 mutation was identified in 6/15 cases and a methylated MGMT promoter in 5/15 cases. Patients in study and control groups were matched in age, sex and IDH-1 mutation status. Patients in a study group tended to have a more frequent multifocal presentation at diagnosis (13% vs. 4.4%) and were associated with longer overall survival (50 vs. 36.5 months), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In both cAA and supratentorial AA groups presence of the IDH-1 mutation remains a positive predictor for the prolonged survival. The present study suggests that adult cAA constitute a group of gliomas with relatively high rate of IDH-1 mutations and prognosis similar to supratentorial AA. The present study is the first to systematically compare cAA and supratentorial AA with respect to their genetic characteristics and suggests that both groups shows a similar survival prognosis.