bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ Polymerized FDU‐12/Poly(methyl methacrylate) and FDU‐12/polyamide 6 Nanocomposites for Cd2+ Adsorption
Authors: Zabihi Samyar , Jamshidian Sahar , Soltani Roozbeh , Pelalak Rasool , Heidari Zahra , Marjani Azam , Ghadiri Mahdi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLarge‐pore mesoporous silica FDU‐12 was synthesized and functionalized with silane coupling agents bearing methacrylate and diamino groups. Diamino‐functionalized FDU‐12/polyamide 6 and methacrylate‐functionalized FDU‐12/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites were prepared via in situ polymerization approach. These two synthesized nanocomposites were used as potential adsorbents for the removal of Cd2+ cations from aqueous media. The impact of different adsorption factors affecting the adsorption process was investigated, and isotherm and kinetic studies were conducted to gain a better understanding of adsorption mechanisms involved in the removal process of Cd2+ by the adsorbents. Experimental and computational results demonstrated that the adsorbents have acceptable performance for Cd2+ uptake.
Numerical simulation of CO2 adsorption in a fluidized bed using solid‐supported amine sorbent
Authors: Esmaeili Rad Farnaz , Abbasian Javad , Arastoopour Hamid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was used to simulate the gas‐solid flow in the carbonation section of a circulating fluidized bed designed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory for carbon capture. The extent of the carbon dioxide adsorption using particle‐supported amine sorbents was simulated using a two‐dimensional reactive CFD model. This study showed not only the predictive capability of our reacting CFD, but also the potential high carbon capture rate by solid sorbents using fluidized bed technology.
Versatile and Tunable Poly(Ethylene Glycol)‐Based Hydrogels Crosslinked through the Ugi Reaction
Authors: Padrão Inês , Fernandes Cláudia S. M. , Esteves Carina , Fernandes Tiago , Pina Ana S. , Roque Ana Cecília A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe four‐component Ugi condensation reaction has been investigated to assemble chemically crosslinked hydrogels using multivalent star‐shaped poly(ethylene glycol) components. The resulting biocompatible hydrogels are highly versatile in composition and function. It is shown that acid, aldehyde, and cyanide components can be varied yielding materials with precise structure and tunable stiffness. Additionally, the resulting hydrogels were proven extremely robust to consecutive drying‐swelling cycles. This property was explored to develop a reversible humidity colorimetric sensor gel. Overall, this work demonstrates the application of the four‐component Ugi reaction as a powerful tool to quickly generate crosslinked gels with precise control in chemical composition.
Rational Design of Helix‐Stabilized Antimicrobial Peptide Foldamers Containing α,α‐Disubstituted Amino Acids or Side‐Chain Stapling
Authors: Hirano Motoharu , Saito Chihiro , Goto Chihiro , Yokoo Hidetomo , Kawano Ryuji , Misawa Takashi , Demizu Yosuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are expected to be good candidate molecules for novel antimicrobial therapies. Most AMPs exert their antimicrobial activity through disruption of microbial membranes due to their amphipathic properties. Recently, the helical peptide ‘Stripe’ was reported by our group, a rationally designed amphipathic AMP focused on distribution of natural cationic and hydrophobic amino acid residues. In this study, a set of Stripe‐based AMP foldamers was designed, synthesized and investigated that contain α,α‐disubstituted amino acids or side‐chain stapling to stabilize their helical structures. Our results showed that a peptide containing 2‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) residues exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against both Gram‐positive S.aureus (MIC value: 3.125 μM) and Gram‐negative bacteria (including a multidrug‐resistant strain, MDRP, MIC value: 1.56 μM), without significant hemolytic activity (>100 μM). Electrophysiological measurements revealed that this peptide formed stable pores in a 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine (DOPE)/1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoglycerol (DOPG) bilayer but not in a dioleoylphosphocholine (DOPC) bilayer. The introduction of Aib residues into Stripe could be a promising way to increase the antimicrobial activity of AMP foldamers, and the peptide could represent a promising novel therapeutic candidate to treat multidrug‐resistant bacterial infection.
The effect of ceramic thickness on opalescence
Authors: Valizadeh Sara , Mahmoudi Nahavandi Alireza , Daryadar Marzieh , Özcan Mutlu , Hashemikamangar Sedighe Sadat 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesCreating a tooth‐like appearance by use of dental ceramics is still a challenge. Opalescence is a unique property of dental enamel, attempted to be mimicked by dental restorative materials. This study aimed to assess the effect of ceramic thickness on opalescence.Materials and methodsTwenty‐four discs were fabricated of feldspathic ceramic, IPS e.max, zirconia and Enamic ceramics with 10 mm diameter and 0.5 and 1 mm thicknesses (n = 12). The opalescence of ceramic specimens was calculated by measuring the difference in yellow‐blue axis (CIE ∆b*) and red‐green axis (CIE ∆a*) between the transmitted and reflected spectra. One‐way ANOVA was applied to compare the opalescence of different ceramic specimens with variable thicknesses at .05 level of significance.ResultsThe opalescence of feldspathic, IPS e.max, zirconia and Enamic ceramic specimens with 0.5 mm thickness was 1.06 ± 0.15, 3.39 ± 0.15, 1.98 ± 0.15 and 1.44 ± 0.15, respectively. By increasing the thickness to 1 mm, the opalescence of feldspathic, IPS e.max, zirconia and Enamic ceramics changed to 1.12 ± 0.15, 1.47 ± 0.15, 3.85 ± 0.15 and 2.00 ± 0.15, respectively. In all groups except for IPS e.max, the mean opalescence of 1‐mm‐thick specimens was higher than that of 0.5‐mm‐thick specimens.ConclusionType and thickness of ceramic affect its opalescence. The opalescence of all ceramic specimens tested in this study with 0.5 and 1 mm thicknesses was lower than that of the enamel.
Diagnostic value of urine cytology in detecting histologic variants of urothelial carcinomas in the urinary bladder: Cytopathologic correlation of 72 cases
Authors: Yoo Youngeun , Choi Euno , Lee Dong Hyeon , Park Sanghui , Sung Sun Hee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrecise identification of histologic variants in urothelial carcinoma (UC) is important because some histologic types have a poor prognosis and clinical management varies. Urine cytology is used for bladder cancer screening, but the cytomorphologic features of histologic variants have not been well described. In the current study, we evaluate the effectiveness of urine cytology in detecting histologic variants of UC in the urinary bladder.MethodsSeventy‐two urine cytology specimens from patients diagnosed with high‐grade UCs by radical cystectomy were retrospectively reviewed and correlated with histopathologic findings of subsequent radical cystectomy specimens.ResultsOf 72 total cases, 24 (33%) cases showed six histologic variants in corresponding surgical specimens, including squamous differentiation (13 cases), plasmacytoid variant (3 cases), micropapillary variant (3 cases), sarcomatoid variant (3 cases), giant cell variant (1 case), and glandular differentiation (1 case). Histopathology and cytomorphology were well correlated in 13 cases (54%), with squamous differentiation in 11 of 13 cases (85%), micropapillary features in 1 out of 3 cases (33%), and spindle cell/sarcomatoid features in 1 of 3 cases (33%). Furthermore, mucosal involvement by histologic variants, not amount of histologic variant, was related to high concordance rates between cytology and histology diagnosis.ConclusionsThe morphologic features of some histologic variants of high‐grade UCs, such as squamous differentiation, micropapillary variant, and sarcomatoid variant, are partially reflected on urine cytology. In addition, mucosal involvement by histologic variants was associated with a higher detection rate of histologic variants in urine cytology.
Water storage decisions will determine the distribution and persistence of imperiled river fishes
Authors: Dibble Kimberly L. , Yackulic Charles B. , Kennedy Theodore A. , Bestgen Kevin R. , Schmidt John C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractManaging the world’s freshwater supply to meet societal and environmental needs in a changing climate is one of the biggest challenges for the 21st century. Dams provide water security; however, the allocation of dwindling water supply among reservoirs could exacerbate or ameliorate the effects of climate change on aquatic communities. Here, we show that the relative sensitivity of river thermal regimes to direct impacts of climate change and societal decisions concerning water storage vary substantially throughout a river basin. In the absence of interspecific interactions, future Colorado River temperatures would appear to benefit both endemic and nonnative fish species. However, endemic species are already declining or extirpated in locations where their ranges overlap with warmwater nonnatives and changes in water storage may lead to warming in some of the coolest portions of the river basin, facilitating further nonnative expansion. Integrating environmental considerations into ongoing water storage negotiations may lead to better resource outcomes than mitigating nonnative species impacts after the fact.
Recent applications of plant cell culture technology in cosmetics and foods
Authors: Krasteva Gergana , Georgiev Vasil , Pavlov Atanas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlants have been used as the main source of phytochemicals with nutritional, medicinal, cultural and cosmetic applications since times immemorial. Nowadays, achieving sustainable development, global climate change, restricted access to fresh water, limited food supply and growing energy demands are among the critical global challenges faced by humanity. Plant cell culture technology has the potential to address some of these challenges by providing effective tools for sustainable supply of phyto‐ingredients with reduced energy, carbon and water footprints. The main aim of this review is to discuss the recent trends in the development of plant cell culture technologies for production of plant‐derived substances with application in food products and cosmetic formulations. The specific technological steps and requirements for the final products are discussed in the light of the advances in cultivation technologies used for growing differentiated and undifferentiated plant in vitro systems. Future prospects and existing challenges of the commercialization of plant cell culture‐derived products have been outlined through the prism of the authors’ point of view. We expect this review will encourage scientists, policymakers and business enterprises to join efforts for speeding‐up the mass commercialization and popularization of plant cell culture technology as an eco‐friendly alternative method for sustainable production of plant‐derived additives with application in food and cosmetic products.
Recurrent chromosomal imbalances provide selective advantage to human embryonic stem cells under enhanced replicative stress conditions
Authors: Mus Liselot M. , Van Haver Stéphane , Popovic Mina , Trypsteen Wim , Lefever Steve , Zeltner Nadja , Ogando Yudelca , Jacobs Eva Z. , Denecker Geertrui , Sanders Ellen , Van Neste Christophe , Vanhauwaert Suzanne , Decaesteker Bieke , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Mestdagh Pieter , Vandesompele Jo , Menten Björn , De Preter Katleen , Studer Lorenz , Heindryckx Björn , Durinck Kaat , Roberts Stephen , Speleman Frank 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and embryonal tumors share a number of common features, including a compromised G1/S checkpoint. Consequently, these rapidly dividing hESCs and cancer cells undergo elevated levels of replicative stress, inducing genomic instability that drives chromosomal imbalances. In this context, it is of interest that long‐term in vitro cultured hESCs exhibit a remarkable high incidence of segmental DNA copy number gains, some of which are also highly recurrent in certain malignancies such as 17q gain (17q+). The selective advantage of DNA copy number changes in these cells has been attributed to several underlying processes including enhanced proliferation. We hypothesized that these recurrent chromosomal imbalances become rapidly embedded in the cultured hESCs through a replicative stress driven Darwinian selection process. To this end, we compared the effect of hydroxyurea‐induced replicative stress vs normal growth conditions in an equally mixed cell population of isogenic euploid and 17q + hESCs. We could show that 17q + hESCs rapidly overtook normal hESCs. Our data suggest that recurrent chromosomal segmental gains provide a proliferative advantage to hESCs under increased replicative stress, a process that may also explain the highly recurrent nature of certain imbalances in cancer.
Linear stability of convection in a vertical channel filled with nanofluid saturated porous medium
Authors: Srinivasacharya D. , Barman Dipak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe convection in a vertical channel filled with a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid is studied numerically. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis are incorporated in the model used for nanofluid. Also, the flow within the porous region is governed by Brinkman's equation. The generalized eigenvalue problem for the perturbed state is obtained from a normal mode analysis and solved using the Chebyshev spectral collocation method. The Rayleigh number is expressed as an implicit function of the wavenumber with other parameters. The critical wavenumber and the critical Rayleigh number are calculated for different parameters. The preferred modes under critical conditions are detected.
The BTLA and PD‐1 signaling pathways independently regulate the proliferation and cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood γδ T cells
Authors: Hwang Hyun J. , Lee Jae J. , Kang Sung H. , Suh Jin K. , Choi Eun S. , Jang Seongsoo , Hwang Sang‐Hyun , Koh Kyung‐Nam , Im Ho J. , Kim Nayoung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundB‐ and T‐lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) inhibit γδ T cell homeostasis and activation. This study aimed to determine whether BTLA and PD‐1 signaling pathways were convergent or independent in human peripheral blood γδ T cells. Herein we demonstrate that the signalings of BTLA and PD‐1 regulated proliferation and cytotoxicity of human γδ T cells, respectively.MethodsHuman peripheral blood γδ T cells were cultured with inactivated Jurkat cells in the presence of interleukin‐2 and zoledronate (Zol) for 14 days. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the phenotypes and functions of γδ T cells.ResultsThe proliferation of the γδ T cells was increased when PBMCs were cocultured with inactivated herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM)low Jurkat cells. The cytotoxicity of the expanded γδ T cells was not affected by coculture with inactivated HVEMlow Jurkat cells and was further increased in the presence of anti‐PD‐L1 mAb. These results suggest that the inactivation of the BTLA signaling pathway during expansion could help produce more γδ T cells without compromising γδ T cell function. The inhibition of BTLA or PD‐1 signaling repressed phosphorylation of the src homology region 2‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 and increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B in γδ T cells. However, there were no synergistic or additive effects by a combination of BTLA and PD‐1 blockade.ConclusionThese results suggest that BTLA signaling is crucial in regulating γδ T cell proliferation and function and that the BTLA and PD‐1 signaling pathways act independently on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of human peripheral γδ T cells.
MicroRNA‐425‐3p inhibits myocardial inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice with viral myocarditis through targeting TGF‐β1
Authors: Li Junhua , Tu Jiehong , Gao Hong , Tang Lu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveEmerging articles have profiled the relations between microRNAs and viral myocarditis. This research was unearthed to explore the capacity of miR‐425‐3p on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice with viral myocarditis and its mechanism.MethodsA total of 120 mice were classified into 4 groups in a random fashion (n = 30). The mice were intraperitoneally injected with coxsackievirus type B3 (CVB3) to induce myocarditis. On the 7th day after CVB3 infection, 10 mice in each group were euthanized to assess the heart function indices of mice, observe the pathological conditions, detect myocardial tissue apoptosis, and measure the inflammatory factor levels in myocardial tissues. Expression of miR‐425‐3p, transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1), and apoptosis‐associated proteins in myocardial tissues was determined. The remaining 20 mice in each group were used for survival observation. The luciferase activity assay was implemented to validate the relationship between miR‐425‐3p and TGF‐β1. miR‐425‐3p mimic was transfected into mouse cardiomyocytes HL‐1 and then infected with CVB3 to further verify the regulatory effect of miR‐425‐3p on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis in viral myocarditis.ResultsmiR‐425‐3p was lowly expressed in myocardial tissues of mice with viral myocarditis. Overexpressed miR‐425‐3p improved the cardiac function, alleviated pathological conditions, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, decreased Bax and cleaved Caspase‐3 expression, elevated Bcl‐2 expression, decreased levels of inflammatory factors and improved survival rate of mice with viral myocarditis. Luciferase activity assay verified that miR‐425‐3p could bind to TGF‐β1, and overexpressed miR‐425‐3p suppressed TGF‐β1, p‐smad2/smad2 and p‐smad3/smad3 expression. In vitro experiments further verified that overexpression of miR‐425‐3p inhibited the apoptosis of CVB3‐HL‐1 cells, and the addition of TGF‐β1 would reverse this effect.ConclusionOur research indicates that miR‐425‐3p is poorly expressed in myocardial tissues of mice with viral myocarditis. Overexpressed miR‐425‐3p inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial inflammation in mice with viral myocarditis as well as improves their survival rates through suppressing the TGF‐β1/smad axis.
Effect of growth hormone administration on ICSI outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and recurrent implantation failure: A retrospective cross‐over study
Authors: Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Palumbo Marco , Conde‐López Cristina , Mendoza Nicolas , Mendoza‐Tesarik Raquel , Tesarik Jan 
Published: December 2020

SynopsisThe administration of growth hormone during ovarian stimulation in women with RIF and PCOS may improve intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes.
Can serial cerebral MRIs predict the neuronopathic phenotype of MPS II?
Authors: Vollebregt Audrey A. M. , Ebbink Berendine J. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Lequin Maarten H. , Aarsen Femke K. , Shapiro Elsa G. , van der Ploeg Ans T. , van den Hout Johanna M. P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo advance the prediction of the neurocognitive development in MPS II patients by jointly analyzing MRI and neurocognitive data in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) II patients.MethodsCognitive ability scores (CAS) were obtained by neuropsychological testing. Cerebral MRIs were quantified using a disease‐specific protocol. MRI sumscores were calculated for atrophy, white‐matter abnormalities (WMA) and Virchow‐Robin spaces (VRS). To distinguish between atrophy and hydrocephalus the Evans' index and the callosal angle (CA) were measured. A random effects repeated measurement model was used to correlate CAS with the three MRI sumscores.ResultsMRI (n = 47) and CAS scores (n = 78) of 19 male patients were analyzed. Ten patients were classified as neuronopathic and nine as non‐neuronopathic. Neuronopathic patients had normal cognitive development until age 3 years. Mental age plateaued between ages 3 and 6, and subsequently declined with loss of skills at a maximum developmental age of 4 years. MRIs of neuronopathic patients showed abnormal atrophy sumscores before CAS dropped below the threshold for intellectual disability (<70). White‐matter abnormalities (WMA) and brain atrophy progressed. The calculated sumscores were inversely correlated with CAS (r = −.90 for atrophy and −.69 for WMA). This was not biased by the influence of hydrocephalus as shown by measurement of the Evans' and callosal angle. Changes over time in the Virchow‐Robin spaces (VRS) on MRI were minimal.ConclusionIn our cohort, brain atrophy showed a stronger correlation to a decline in CAS when compared to WMA. Atrophy‐scores were higher in young neuronopathic patients than in non‐neuronopathic patients and atrophy was an important early sign for the development of the neuronopathic phenotype, especially when observed jointly with white‐matter abnormalities.
MR Measures of Small Bowel Wall T2 Are Associated With Increased Permeability
Authors: Scott Robert A. , Williams Hannah G. , Hoad Caroline L. , Alyami Ali , Ortori Catherine A. , Grove Jane I. , Marciani Luca , Moran Gordon W. , Spiller Robin C. , Menys Alex , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Gowland Penny A. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundIncreased small bowel permeability leads to bacterial translocation, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are needed to evaluate these changes in vivo, stratify an individual's risk, and evaluate the efficacy of interventions. MRI is an established biomarker of small bowel inflammation.PurposeTo characterize changes in the small bowel with quantitative MRI measures associated with increased permeability induced by indomethacin.Study TypeProspective single‐center, double‐blind, two‐way crossover provocation study.SubjectsA provocation cohort (22 healthy volunteers) and intrasubject reproducibility cohort (8 healthy volunteers).Field Strength/Sequence2D balanced turbo field echo sequences to measure small bowel wall thickness, T2, and motility acquired at 3T.AssessmentParticipants were randomized to receive indomethacin or placebo prior to assessment. After a minimum 2‐week washout, measures were repeated with the alternative allocation. MR measures (wall thickness, T2, motility) at each study visit were compared to the reference standard 2‐hour lactulose/mannitol urinary excretion ratio (LMR) test performed by a lab technician. All analyses were performed blind.Statistical TestsNormality was tested (Shapiro–Wilk's test). Paired testing (Student's t‐test or Wilcoxon) determined the significance of paired differences with indomethacin provocation. Pearson's correlation coefficient compared significant measures with indomethacin provocation to LMR. Intrasubject (intraclass correlation) and interrater variability (Bland–Altman) were assessed.ResultsIndomethacin provocation induced a significant increase in LMR compared to placebo (P < 0.05) and a significant increase in small bowel T2 (0.12 seconds compared to placebo 0.07 seconds, P < 0.05). Small bowel wall thickness (P = 0.17) and motility (P = 0.149) showed no significant change. T2 and LMR were positively correlated (r = 0.68, P < 0.05). T2 measurements were robust to interobserver (intraclass correlation 0.89) and intrasubject variability (Bland–Altman bias of 0.005 seconds, 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.04 to +0.05 seconds, and 0.0006 seconds, 95% CI –0.05 to +0.06 seconds).Data ConclusionMR measures of small bowel wall T2 were significantly increased following indomethacin provocation and correlated with 2‐hour LMR test results.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage2