bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enduring impact of childhood adversity on lower urinary tract symptoms in adult women
Authors: Epperson C. Neill , Duffy Korrina A. , Johnson Rachel L. , Sammel Mary D. , Newman Diane K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine whether childhood adversity is associated with self‐reported lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among older adult women.MethodsA convenience sample of women (≥55 years old) who presented to an academic urology practice or who had participated in a previous bladder health prevention study completed questionnaires including the LUTS Tool (on frequency and bother of LUTS), the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire, the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.ResultsThe average age (SD) of participants (N = 151) was 64.7 (6.9) years. The total number of ACEs predicted the total number of LUTS, β = .39 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14, 0.64), P = .003, as well as LUTS frequency, β = .09 (95% CI = 0.04, 0.13), P < .001. ACEs predicted bother for nocturia, β = 0.12 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.22), P = .008. Negative affect symptoms did not mediate the relationship between the total number of ACEs and the total number of LUTS. Rather, ACEs predicted LUTS and negative affect symptoms through (at least partially) independent pathways. Analyses controlled for tobacco use, number of vaginal deliveries, hypertension, overactive bladder medication use, body mass index, income, and race because these variables were significantly associated with the total number of ACEs or total number of LUTS.ConclusionsChildhood adversity has an enduring impact on risk for LUTS in adulthood even when controlling for potential confounds and this relationship cannot be explained by negative affect symptoms.
Considerations for pharmacoepidemiological analyses in the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Pottegård Anton , Kurz Xavier , Moore Nicholas , Christiansen Christian F. , Klungel Olaf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has triggered several hypotheses regarding use of specific medicines and risk of infection as well as prognosis. Under these unique circumstances, rapid answers require quick engagement in data collection and analyses; however, appropriate design and conduct of pharmacoepidemiologic studies are needed to generate valid and reliable evidence. In this paper, endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology, we provide methodological considerations for the conduct of pharmacoepidemiological studies in relation to the pandemic across eight domains: (1) timeliness of evidence, including the need to prioritise some questions over others in the acute phase of the pandemic; (2) the need to align observational and interventional research on efficacy; (3) the specific challenges related to “real‐time epidemiology” during an ongoing pandemic; (4) what design to use to answer a specific question; (5) considerations on the definition of exposures; (6) what covariates to collect; (7) considerations on the definition of outcomes; and (8) the need for transparent reporting.
Long‐term pulmonary function testing in pediatric bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Walther Sophie , Rettinger Eva , Maurer Hannah Miriam , Pommerening Helena , Jarisch Andrea , Sörensen Jan , Schubert Ralf , Berres Martin , Bader Peter , Zielen Stefan , Jerkic Silvija Pera 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRationaleBronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a severe, chronic inflammation of the airways leading to an obstruction of the bronchioles. So far, there are only a few studies looking at the long‐term development of pulmonary impairment in children with BOS.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and long‐term outcome of BOS in children who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsMedical charts of 526 children undergoing HSCT in Frankfurt/Main, Germany between 2000 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively and as a result, 14 patients with BOS were identified. A total of 271 lung functions (spirometry and body plethysmography), 26 lung clearance indices (LCI), and 46 chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of these 14 patients with BOS were evaluated.ResultsFourteen patients suffered from BOS after HSCT (2.7%), whereby three distinctive patterns of lung function impairment were observed: three out of 14 patients showed a progressive lung function decline; two died and one received a lung transplant. In five out of 14 patients with BOS persisted with a severe obstructive and secondarily restrictive pattern in lung function (forced vital capacity [FVC] < 60%, forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] < 50%, and FEV1/FVC < 0.7) and increased LCI (11.67‐20.9), six out of 14 patients recovered completely after moderate lung function impairment and signs of BOS on HRCT. Long‐term FVC in absolute numbers was increased indicating that the children still have lung growth.ConclusionOur results showed that the incidence of BOS in children is low. BOS was associated with high mortality and may lead to persistent obstructive lung disease; although, lung growth continued to exist.
Association between dihydrotestosterone and long‐term risk for prostate cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lundgren Per‐Olof , Kjellman Anders , Norming Ulf , Gustafsson Ove 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe androgen metabolism plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer. Contradictory to what one might assume given the androgenic potency of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) there are indications that high DHT levels protect from prostate cancer. We want to determine whether there is a long‐term association between baseline levels of DHT and death from prostate cancer.MethodDuring the years 1988 and 1989, 1782 men out of 2400 invited were screened for prostate cancer. The invited men were randomly selected from a background population of more than 27 000 men. Serum levels of DHT were analyzed for all 65 men diagnosed in the trial and 130 controls from the same cohort without any signs of prostate cancer. In this study we evaluate outcomes for the whole cohort (n = 195), the men without clinical signs of prostate cancer at beginning of follow up (n = 130) and men with screening detected cancer (n = 65).The cohort was followed up after 30 years and data from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry and the Swedish Cancer Registry were extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression models.ResultHigh DHT levels were positively correlated to a lower risk for prostate cancer death in the entire cohort: HR = 0.44 (0.25‐0.77 95% confidence interval [CI]). The positive correlation remained significant for the subgroup analysis. HR for the men enrolled in the study without any clinical signs of prostate cancer was 0.25 (0.07‐0.88 95% CI) and for the men with a prostate cancer diagnosis at time of inclusion: HR = 0.50 (0.26‐0.94 95% CI).ConclusionDHT is negatively associated with long‐term prostate cancer death regardless of clinical presentation at time of inclusion.
Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease: limiting immunosuppressive therapy—a single‐centre experience
Authors: Beaton Thomas J. , Gillis David , Morwood Karen , Bint Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGranulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is characterized by lymphocytic and granulomatous pulmonary infiltration occurring in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). It is associated with increased mortality compared with CVID patients without GLILD. There are no treatment guidelines due to the low prevalence and the heterogeneity of the condition. A case review of three patients diagnosed with GLILD was performed from a single Australian centre. Patients met the European Society of Immunodeficiency criteria for CVID and a diagnosis of GLILD was confirmed by a multidisciplinary team. Patients were managed with immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement and immunosuppressive agents if required: the decision for immunosuppression was made on the basis of symptoms and declining pulmonary function. All patients clinically improved. One patient had immunosuppressive treatment ceased. GLILD responds to varying immunosuppressive regimes when IgG monotherapy fails. Immunosuppressive therapy can be discontinued following improvement, but patients require close observation. This series helps inform future GLILD treatment guidelines.
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis after lung transplantation
Authors: Divithotawela Chandima , Apte Simon H. , Tan Maxine E. , De Silva Tharushi A. , Chambers Daniel C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report the case of a 69‐year‐old man five‐month post double lung transplant for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who presented with progressive breathlessness, loss of lung function, and diffuse ground glass shadowing on the chest computed tomography. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed foamy macrophages, hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, and eosinophilic material in the alveolar space. Video thoracic lung biopsy was performed, and histology confirmed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Anti‐granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) antibodies were negative. Bilateral sequential whole lung lavage (WLL) was performed. Lavage fluid recovered during WLL was notably dark brown in colour and upon analysis was shown to contain heavily oxidized protein (lipofuscin), giant lipofuscin‐engorged macrophages, and a highly pro‐inflammatory gene expression profile. Following WLL, the patient's symptoms, lung function, and radiology appearance improved. His repeat bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis showed reduced lipofuscin and normalized macrophage size and gene expression.
The early Wuchiapingian (late Permian) fusuline fauna from the Penglaitan Section, South China
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Yichun , Zheng Quanfeng , Tian Xuesong , Huang Xing , Luo Mao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA fusuline fauna is described from the base of the Heshan Formation in the Penglaitan Section, the GSSP for the base Lopingian Series. This fauna falls within the Clarkina guangyuanensis and Clarkina transcaucasica conodont zones, indicating an early Wuchiapingian age. A new genus, Laibinella, is established to include those species that are morphologically similar to but phylogenetically independent of Palaeofusulina. In total, three species from two genera can be recognized in the studied material: Laibinella tobensis (Zhang), Laibinella ellipsoidalis gen. et sp. nov., and Lantschichites minima (Chen). The Laibinella tobensis Zone is established for the early Wuchiapingian. Based on morphology and biostratigraphy, we infer the evolutionary lineages of Dunbarula–Laibinella in the early Wuchiapingian, and Dunbarula–Nanlingella in the late Wuchiapingian.
The ichnogenus Lumbricaria Münster from the Upper Jurassic of Germany interpreted as faecal strings of ammonites
Authors: Knaust Dirk , Hoffmann René 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe trace fossil Lumbricaria Münster is a common constituent of the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones in southern Germany. Despite having been recognized more than 300 years ago, its nature and producer remain enigmatic. Controversial interpretations of Lumbricaria regard it either as the remains of worms, or as cololites (i.e. faecal material preserved in the gut) or coprolites (i.e. ejected faecal material) of worms, fish, holothurians or cephalopods. A morphological analysis of the type material and numerous specimens reveals two basic morphotypes of Lumbricaria, conformable with the ichnospecies L. intestinum (loosely confined, intertwined to elongate) and L. colon (well confined, densely entangled). Transitions and combinations between both ichnospecies exist and are the result of taphonomic effects. A comparison with modern analogues favours cephalopods (in particular nautiloids or ammonites) as the most likely producers of Lumbricaria, an interpretation that is supported by the finding of an Upper Jurassic nautiloid cast preserving a Lumbricaria‐like faecal string within its body chamber. Ammonites are the likely producers of Lumbricaria from the Upper Jurassic of Germany.
Carboxymethyl Starch/Medium Chain Fatty Acid Compositions: Rheological Changes During Storage and Selected Film Properties
Authors: Zdanowicz Magdalena , Markowska‐Szczupak Agata , Spychaj Tadeusz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAqueous carboxymethyl starch (CMS) compositions in the presence of medium chain fatty acids: caprylic and pelargonic and their rheology are studied during storage of up to two months. For comparison purposes, selected compositions based on slightly crosslinked CMS (cCMS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are investigated. Substantial differences of neat CMS and CMC solution viscosity behavior versus systems based on carboxymethylated polysaccharides in the presence of fatty acids are found and discussed. Aqueous carboxymethylated polysaccharide/fatty acid systems are cast and films characterized by FTIR, moisture sorption degrees and transparency determination. Additionally, preliminary microbial tests for compositions are performed. CMS films with the presence of fatty acids exhibit a decrease in moisture sorption and transparency as compared to the reference CMS film. Paper disks covered with carboxymethylated polysaccharide‐based compositions show inhibited activity towards growth of Aspergillus flavus spores whereas coatings containing more than 10 pph fatty acid on polysaccharide exhibit antifungal properties against various spores (A. flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans).
Translational gene regulation in plants: A green new deal
Authors: Urquidi Camacho Ricardo A. , Lokdarshi Ansul , von Arnim Albrecht G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe molecular machinery for protein synthesis is profoundly similar between plants and other eukaryotes. Mechanisms of translational gene regulation are embedded into the broader network of RNA‐level processes including RNA quality control and RNA turnover. However, over eons of their separate history, plants acquired new components, dropped others, and generally evolved an alternate way of making the parts list of protein synthesis work. Research over the past 5 years has unveiled how plants utilize translational control to defend themselves against viruses, regulate translation in response to metabolites, and reversibly adjust translation to a wide variety of environmental parameters. Moreover, during seed and pollen development plants make use of RNA granules and other translational controls to underpin developmental transitions between quiescent and metabolically active stages. The economics of resource allocation over the daily light–dark cycle also include controls over cellular protein synthesis. Important new insights into translational control on cytosolic ribosomes continue to emerge from studies of translational control mechanisms in viruses. Finally, sketches of coherent signaling pathways that connect external stimuli with a translational response are emerging, anchored in part around TOR and GCN2 kinase signaling networks. These again reveal some mechanisms that are familiar and others that are different from other eukaryotes, motivating deeper studies on translational control in plants.This article is categorized under:
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
QCD θ-vacuum energy and axion properties
Authors: Lu Zhen-Yan , Du Meng-Lin , Guo Feng-Kun , Meißner Ulf-G. , Vonk Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAt low energies, the strong interaction is governed by the Goldstone bosons associated with the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, which can be systematically described by chiral perturbation theory. In this paper, we apply this theory to study the θ-vacuum energy density and hence the QCD axion potential up to next-to-leading order with N non-degenerate quark masses. By setting N = 3, we then derive the axion mass, self-coupling, topological susceptibility and the normalized fourth cumulant both analytically and numerically, taking the strong isospin breaking effects into account. In addition, the model-independent part of the axion-photon coupling, which is important for axion search experiments, is also extracted from the chiral Lagrangian supplemented with the anomalous terms up to $$ \mathcal{O}\left({p}^6\right) $$
O

p
6

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A forest formula to subtract infrared singularities in amplitudes for wide-angle scattering
Authors: Ma Yao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor any hard QCD amplitude with massless partons, infrared (IR) singularities arise from pinches in the complex planes of loop momenta, called pinch surfaces. To organize and study their leading behaviors in the neighborhoods of these surfaces, we can construct approximation operators for collinear and soft singularities. A BPHZ-like forest formula can be developed to subtract them systematically.In this paper, we utilize the position-space analysis of Erdoğan and Sterman for Green functions, and develop the formalism for momentum space. A related analysis has been carried out by Collins for the Sudakov form factors, and is generalized here to any wide-angle kinematics with an arbitrary number of external momenta. We will first see that the approximations yield much richer IR structures than those of an original amplitude, then construct the forest formula and prove that all the singularities appearing in its subtraction terms cancel pairwise. With the help of the forest formula, the full amplitude can also be reorganized into a factorized expression, which helps to generalize the Sudakov form factor result to arbitrary numbers of external momenta. All our analysis will be on the amplitude level.
Renormalization group flows, the a-theorem and conformal bootstrap
Authors: Kundu Sandipan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEvery renormalization group flow in d spacetime dimensions can be equivalently described as spectral deformations of a generalized free CFT in (d − 1) spacetime dimensions. This can be achieved by studying the effective action of the Nambu-Goldstone boson of broken conformal symmetry in anti-de Sitter space and then taking the flat space limit. This approach is particularly useful in even spacetime dimension where the change in the Euler anomaly aUV− aIR can be related to anomalous dimensions of lowest twist multi-trace operators in the dual CFT. As an application, we provide a simple proof of the 4d a-theorem using the dual description. Furthermore, we reinterpret the statement of the a-theorem in 6d as a conformal bootstrap problem in 5d.
The influence of wooden interior materials on indoor environment: a review
Authors: Alapieti Tuomas , Mikkola Raimo , Pasanen Pertti , Salonen Heidi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental issues and health-benefitting design strategies have raised interest in natural and renewable building materials, resulting in an increased focus on the use of wood in built environment. The influence of wooden materials on measured and perceived indoor environment quality (IEQ) has gained attention during the past few decades, with a growing number of studies having explored the issue. This review was conducted to examine and summarise the body of research on the influence of wooden interior materials on IEQ, with an emphasis on the following themes: emissions of chemical compounds, moisture buffering of indoor air, antibacterial effects, acoustics, and psychological and physiological effects. This review found that wooden interior materials exert mainly positive or neutral effects on IEQ, such as moderating humidity fluctuations of indoor air, inducing positive feelings in occupants, and inhibiting certain bacteria. Negative effects on IEQ are limited to volatile organic compounds emitted from wood. The odour thresholds of some aldehydes and terpenes are low enough to affect the perceived IEQ. Additionally, concentrations of formaldehyde and acrolein may under certain conditions cause adverse health effects. Further studies are needed to better understand these phenomena and take advantage of the beneficial effects while hindering the unpleasant ones.
Cultural Barriers for Women in Surgery: How Thick is the Glass Ceiling? An Analysis from a Low Middle‐Income Country
Authors: Inam Hina , Janjua Mahin , Martins Russell S. , Zahid Nida , Khan Sadaf , Sattar Abida K. , Darbar Aneela , Akram Sharmeen , Faruqui Nuzhat , Khan Shaista M. , Lakhani Gulzar , Gillani Mishal , Hashmi Syeda Amrah , Enam Ather , Haider Adil H. , Malik Mahim A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to highlight cultural barriers faced by surgeons pursuing a surgical career faced by surgeons at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. As more females opt for a surgical career, barriers faced by female surgeons are becoming increasingly evident, many of which are rooted in cultural norms. In Pakistan, a predominantly Muslim‐majority, low middle‐income country, certain societal expectations add additionally complexity and challenges to existing cultural barriers.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was administered via e‐mail to the full‐time faculty and trainees in the Department of Surgery at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from July 2019 to November 2019.ResultsIn total, 100 participants were included in this study, with the majority being residents (55.6%) and consultants (33.3%). 71.9% of female surgeons felt that cultural barriers towards a surgical career existed for their gender, as compared to 25.4% of male surgeons (p < 0.001). 40.6% of females reported having been discouraged by family/close friends from pursuing surgery, as compared to only 9.0% of males (p < 0.001). Moreover, a greater percentage of females surgeons were responsible for household cooking, cleaning and laundry, as compared to male surgeons (all p < 0.001). Lastly, 71.4% of female surgeons felt that having children had hindered their surgical career, as compared to 4.8% of males (p < 0001).ConclusionOur study shows that significant cultural barriers exist for females pursuing a surgical career in our setting. Findings such as these emphasize the need for policy makers to work towards overcoming cultural barriers.