bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling biogeochemical phosphorus dynamics in hyperarid Mars‐analogue soils using stable oxygen isotopes in phosphate
Authors: Shen Jianxun , Smith Andrew C. , Claire Mark W. , Zerkle Aubrey L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith annual precipitation less than 20 mm and extreme UV intensity, the Atacama Desert in northern Chile has long been utilized as an analogue for recent Mars. In these hyperarid environments, water and biomass are extremely limited, and thus, it becomes difficult to generate a full picture of biogeochemical phosphate‐water dynamics. To address this problem, we sampled soils from five Atacama study sites and conducted three main analyses—stable oxygen isotopes in phosphate, enzyme pathway predictions, and cell culture experiments. We found that high sedimentation rates decrease the relative size of the organic phosphorus pool, which appears to hinder extremophiles. Phosphoenzyme and pathway prediction analyses imply that inorganic pyrophosphatase is the most likely catalytic agent to cycle P in these environments, and this process will rapidly overtake other P utilization strategies. In these soils, the biogenic δ18O signatures of the soil phosphate (δ18OPO4) can slowly overprint lithogenic δ18OPO4values over a timescale of tens to hundreds of millions of years when annual precipitation is more than 10 mm. The δ18OPO4of calcium‐bound phosphate minerals seems to preserve the δ18O signature of the water used for biogeochemical P cycling, pointing toward sporadic rainfall and gypsum hydration water as key moisture sources. Where precipitation is less than 2 mm, biological cycling is restricted and bedrock δ18OPO4values are preserved. This study demonstrates the utility of δ18OPO4values as indicative of biogeochemical cycling and hydrodynamics in an extremely dry Mars‐analogue environment.
One‐surgeon basketing technique for stone extraction during flexible ureteroscopy for urolithiasis: A comparison between novice and expert surgeons
Authors: Anan Go , Komatsu Kenji , Hatakeyama Shingo , Iwamura Hiromichi , Kohada Yuki , Mikami Jotaro , Ito Jun , Kaiho Yasuhiro , Shimbo Masaki , Endo Fumiyasu , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Ohyama Chikara , Hattori Kazunori , Sato Makoto 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo determine the safety and efficacy of the one‐surgeon basketing technique for stone extraction during flexible ureteroscopy when carried out by novice surgeons under instructor guidance.MethodsWe retrospectively compared perioperative results, complications and the “stone‐free” rate (defined as ≤2 mm fragments on kidney–ureter–bladder imaging 1 month after flexible ureteroscopy) between experienced (group A, n = 50) and novice (group B, n = 50) surgeons using the one‐surgeon basketing technique.ResultsBaseline patients’ characteristics were similar between the two groups. There were no significant differences between groups A and B in operative time (mean 76 min vs 85 min, P = 0.46), stone‐free rate (98% vs 92%, P = 0.36), postoperative fever events (4% vs 4%, P = 1.00) and postoperative hospital stay (24 h vs 24 h, P = 1.00). Clavien–Dindo grade IIIa complications (ureter injury) were only observed in two cases (4%) in group B.ConclusionsThe one‐surgeon basketing technique for the extraction of stone fragments during flexible ureteroscopy might be safely and effectively carried out by surgeons with no prior experience under proper guidance.
A multistage combined approach to promote diabetic wound healing in COVID‐19 era
Authors: Grande Raffaele , Fiori Giulia , Russo Giulia , Fioramonti Paolo , Campagnol Monica , di Marzo Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhen diabetes mellitus is not properly controlled with drugs and a healthy lifestyle, it exposes patients with advanced peripheral arterial disease or critical limb ischaemia (CLI) to the most serious complications, in particular lower limb ulcers. Surgical or endovascular treatments represent the first line of intervention; in addition, the adequate management of ulcers can guarantee not only a faster wound healing but also the improvement of the patient's prognosis. To speed up this process, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), and other advanced moist wound dressing have been proposed. During Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, many patients with CLI and diabetes mellitus had difficult access to advanced treatments with a significant reduction in life expectancy. We report the cases of patients with non‐healing ulcers and CLI treated with an empiric multistage approach after successful endovascular revascularisation; the postoperative course was eventful in all patients, and foot ulcers are currently in an advanced state of healing. The association between adequate revascularisation, systemic anti‐inflammatory, and antibiotic therapy with the multistage advanced medications ensures healing of ulcers, limb salvage, and improvement of patient prognosis.
Nursing staff participation in end‐of‐life nutrition and hydration decision‐making in a nursing home: A qualitative study
Authors: Firnhaber Gina C. , Roberson Donna W. , Kolasa Kathryn M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo better understand the participation of nursing staff in end‐of‐life nutrition and hydration decision‐making in an American nursing home.DesignA qualitative exploration with ethnographic focus.MethodsIn April 2017, in‐person, semi‐structured interviews were performed with 19 nursing staff members in a nursing home located in the south‐eastern United States. Additional information was gathered through participant observation during interviews and review of organizational and regulatory policies. Transcripts were coded and analysed using qualitative methods described by Roper and Shapira (2000).ResultsThree primary themes relating to nursing staff participation in end‐of‐life nutrition and hydration decision‐making were identified: (a) Formal decision‐making: decisions made and implemented by persons with the authority to make legal and binding care decisions in the nursing home setting; (b) Informal decision‐making: decisions not requiring medical orders; and (c) Influential factors: factors that influence actions of nursing staff.ConclusionA variety of factors have an impact on nursing staff participation in end‐of‐life nutrition and hydration decision‐making. Participation is closely aligned with the type of decision, whether formal or informal, and role, whether Certified Nursing Assistant/Aide, Licensed Practical/Vocational Nurse, or Registered Nurse.ImpactEnd‐of‐life nutrition and hydration decision‐making in nursing homes differs from decision‐making in other care settings and presents a challenge globally. Interventions that support the participation of nursing staff in end‐of‐life nutrition and hydration decision‐making have the potential to positively impact the experiences of residents and family members faced with these issues in the nursing home setting.
Refining interprofessional, outpatient transitions of care services to reduce hospital readmissions
Authors: Smith Jennifer N. , Zupec Jason , LaMar Sarah , Pontiggia Laura , Rhodes Corinne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesTransitions of care between healthcare facilities are associated with increased risk of adverse events and hospital readmissions. Previous studies employing pharmacists in transitions of care showed reduced 30‐day readmissions, however, many were without an active comparator. There is no standardized approach to pharmacist involvement in transitions of care services, making it difficult to ascertain where pharmacist expertise is most meaningful. This paper aims to compare the 30‐day hospital readmissions between an interprofessional hospital discharge visit (iHDV) with physician and pharmacist involvement to a non‐interprofessional HDV (PHDV) without pharmacist involvement.MethodThis was a retrospective quality improvement initiative examining patients of two outpatient clinical practices within a large, academic medical centre. The primary analysis compared 30‐day hospital readmission rates for patients with a scheduled PHDV or iHDV within 30‐days of index hospital discharge date, regardless of attendance at the HDV. The secondary outcome compared 30‐day hospital readmission rates for patients who completed a PHDV or iHDV. Primary and secondary outcomes were evaluated using bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis by stepwise logistic regression, for both intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP).ResultsThis study found significantly lower 30‐day hospital readmissions for patients scheduled for a PHDV compared to an iHDV (16.7% vs 21.5%, P = .0230) in an unadjusted analysis, but no significant difference in adjusted analyses (P = .4856). Per‐protocol analysis found no significant difference in 30‐day hospital readmission rates between groups in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Visit completion rates were significantly different between groups, with approximately twice as many PHDV group patients completing visits as compared to the iHDV group (74.1% vs 61.5%, P < .0001).ConclusionThis study demonstrates an interprofessional clinic visit employing a clinical pharmacist in the post‐hospital discharge visit did not significantly reduce 30‐day hospital readmission rates compared to a post‐hospital discharge visit without pharmacist involvement.
A systematic assessment on COVID‐19 preparedness and transition strategy in Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Raaj Kishore , Huq Samin , Afiaz Awan , Khan Hafiz T. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe COVID‐19 pandemic of 2020 has overpowered the most advanced health systems worldwide with thousands of daily deaths. The current study conducted a situation analysis on the pandemic preparedness of Bangladesh and provided recommendations on the transition to the new reality and gradual restoration of normalcy.MethodA complex adaptive system (CAS) framework was theorized based on four structural dimensions obtained from the crisis and complexity theory to help evaluate the health system of Bangladesh. Data sourced from published reports from the government, non‐governmental organizations, and mainstream media up to June 15, 2020 were used to conduct a qualitative analysis and visualize the spatial distribution of countrywide COVID‐19 cases.ResultsThe findings suggested that Bangladesh severely lacked the preparedness to tackle the spread of COVID‐19 with both short‐ and long‐term implications for health, the economy, and good governance. Absence of planning and coordination, disproportionate resource allocations, challenged infrastructure, adherence to bureaucratic delay, lack of synchronized risk communication, failing leadership of concerned authorities, and incoherent decision‐making have led to a precarious situation that will have dire ramifications causing many uncertainties in the coming days.ConclusionsImplementation of response protocols addressing the needs of the community and the stakeholders from the central level is urgently needed. The development of mechanisms for dynamic decision‐making based on regular feedback and long‐term planning for a smooth transition between the new reality and normalcy should also be urgently addressed in Bangladesh.
The use of extensively hydrolysed and amino acid feeds beyond cow’s milk allergy: a national survey
Authors: Meyer R. , Smith C. , Sealy L. , Mancell S. , Marino L. V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundExtensively hydrolysed formulas (EHFs) and amino acid formulas (AAFs) with proven hypoallergenicity are used for children suffering from cow’s milk allergy, when breast milk is not available. However, these feeds are often used in other medical conditions where tolerance and absorption of whole protein is affected, frequently without assessment of efficacy. This practice survey assessed the use of these feeds in paediatric conditions other than cow’s milk allergy; aiming to describe the population, growth parameters and micronutrient status.MethodsFour National Health Service tertiary paediatric centres participated in this practice survey. Inclusion: children between 0 and 18 years, consuming >25% of their estimated energy requirements of an EHF/AAF for any condition other than allergic disease. Anonymised data were collected: (i) descriptive information; (ii) indications; (iii) type and route of feeding; (iv) growth status and nutritional deficiencies; and (v) medication and vitamin and mineral supplementation.ResultsOne hundred‐and‐ninety‐one children were included with a median age of 19 months (interquartile range 4–63]. Seventeen percent (33/191) were on AAFs and 83% (158/191) were on EHFs. The feeds were commonly used in cancer for 26% and in critical illness for 31%. The majority (73%) of children had enteral feeds via a nasogastric tube. Nutritional biomarkers were performed in 29% of children and 83% were on a vitamin or mineral supplement.ConclusionsThis practice survey found that EHFs and AAFs were used in a variety of medical conditions. Indications for feed choice varied, and evidence‐based research supporting the use was scarce. Awaiting further research, children on these types of feeds should have regular nutritional monitoring.
Work‐related stress and wellbeing among nurses: Testing a multi‐dimensional model
Authors: Vallone Federica , Smith Andrew Paul , Zurlo Maria Clelia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimBasing on the Demands‐Resources and Individual‐Effects (DRIVE) Model developed by Mark and Smith in 2008, the study aims to propose and test a multi‐dimensional model that combines work characteristics, individual characteristics, and work–family interface dimensions as predictors of nurses' psychophysical health.MethodsSelf‐report questionnaires assessing work characteristics (effort; rewards; job demands; job control; social support), individual characteristics (socio‐demographic characteristics; coping strategies; Type A behavioral pattern; Type D personality), work–family interface dimensions (work–family interrole conflict; job and life satisfaction), and health outcomes (psychological disease; physical disease) were completed by 450 Italian nurses. Logistic regression analyses and Hayes' PROCESS tool were used to test the proposed model by exploring main, moderating and mediating hypotheses.ResultsFindings confirmed the proposed theoretical framework including work characteristics, individual characteristics, and work–family interface dimensions as significant predictors of nurses' psychophysical disease. Specific main, moderating and mediating effects were found, providing a wide set of multiple risks and protective factors.ConclusionsThe study allowed a broader understanding of nurses' work‐related stress process, providing a comprehensive tool for the assessment of occupational health and for the definition of tailored policies and interventions in public healthcare organizations to promote nurses' wellbeing.
Evaluation of the vestibular system with video head impulse test in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Tulmaç Özlem B. , Kılıç Rahmi , Yaman Selen , Aktulum Fatma , Şimşek Gökçe , Erdinç Seval 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to evaluate the semicircular canal functions of the vestibular system in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum.MethodsThis is a prospective case–control study. Among pregnant women in their first trimester (<14. gestational weeks) who presented to our outpatient clinic, 36 patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum defined as persistent nausea and vomiting requiring intravenous hydration or loss of at least 5% of prepregnancy weight and 34 healthy pregnant without nausea and vomiting were included. Otorhinolaryngologic examination and video head impulse test (vHIT) was performed to all patients. Vestibular‐ocular reflex (VOR) gain and gain asymmetry were assessed between groups.ResultsThe VOR gains in each semicircular canal did not differ between hyperemesis and control groups. Using a VOR gain cut‐off value of 0.8, the groups were compared in terms of the frequency of low values. In the hyperemesis group, abnormally low gain values of left anterior canal were more frequently observed than in the control group (32 [88.9%], 22 [64.7%], respectively, P = 0.01). In left anterior–right posterior (LARP) plane VOR gain asymmetry was higher in hyperemesis group (13.5 [1.0–71.0], 6.0 [0.0–35.0], P = 0.001). No significant gain asymmetry was detected between the groups in the other planes.ConclusionSemicircular canal functions were not abnormal globally in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. However, higher LARP plane asymmetry and low LA gain in women with hyperemesis suggests need for further research to clarify functional role of vestibular system on hyperemesis gravidarum.
Impact of obesity on surgical and oncologic outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer treated with a robotic approach
Authors: Kawai Eri , Benoit Louise , Hotton Judicael , Rance Bastien , Bonsang‐Kitzis Hélène , Lécuru Fabrice , Balaya Vincent , Ngô Charlotte 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe surgical treatment of endometrial cancer (EC) can be more complicated in obese patients. Robotic surgery could simplify the surgical approach in these patients. The aim of our study was to compare the outcomes of robotic surgery in obese (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) and nonobese patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on patients with EC benefitting from a robotic approach in our institution. The primary outcome was the 5‐year overall survival (OS). We also assessed the 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS), type of surgery, laparotomy conversion rate, adjuvant treatment and postoperative morbidity.ResultsWe analyzed 175 consecutive patients with EC who underwent robotic surgery, 42 patients with obesity and 133 patients without. The median follow‐up length was 37 months [1–120]. The OS rate was 97% in the whole population and the RFS was 74%. Obesity did not impact prognosis. Laparotomy conversion rate was low in both groups (5% in patients with obesity vs 3%, P = 0.619). There were no significant differences in terms of postoperative complications (5 vs 9%, P = 0.738). There were significantly less pelvic lymphadenectomies in patients with obesity (5 vs 12%, P = 0.005). In the subgroup of patients with high‐risk EC, rate of lymphadenectomy and of adjuvant treatments did not differ between patients with or without obesity.ConclusionObese patients with EC can be safely treated with a robotic approach, with a low complication rate and similar oncological outcomes compared to nonobese patients.
With Greater Power Comes Greater Stress? Authority, Supervisor Support, and Work‐Family Strains
Authors: Badawy Philip J. , Schieman Scott 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates how status gains in job authority over time are related to three work‐ and family‐related stressors: job pressure, role blurring, and work‐to‐family conflict.BackgroundFamily scholars have long been interested in identifying work conditions as sources of change and stress in family life. Sociologists have devoted much effort in understanding the consequences of stratification for stress exposure—especially for those individuals with status‐based disadvantages. The present study advances work–family research by shifting focus to the status‐based stress exposure of individuals who transition into higher status positions in the workplace.MethodThis study uses four waves of panel data from the Canadian Work, Stress, and Health Study from 2011 to 2017 (N = 8,240 observations in pooled analysis). We use fixed effects regression techniques to analyze this diverse sample of Canadian workers with multi‐item measures of focal variables.ResultsWe find that increases in job authority are associated with increases in job pressure, role blurring, and work‐to‐family conflict. Moreover, we find that supervisor support is an effective workplace resource to alleviate some of the stress that comes with greater workplace power.ConclusionThese findings highlight nuances embedded in the status boost of gaining greater authority in the workplace by revealing some of its downsides for work‐related pressures and strains in the work–family interface. We discuss the implications of these results for stratification and work–family stress research by integrating insights from the stress of higher status and job demands–resources models.
Leptomeningeal Enhancement on 3D‐FLAIR MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Observations in Clinical Practice
Authors: Titelbaum David S. , Engisch Renate , Schwartz Eric D. , Napoli Salvatore Q. , Sloane Jacob A. , Samaan Soleil , Katz Joshua D. , Lathi Ellen S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEMeningeal inflammation is implicated in cortical demyelination and disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Gadolinium (Gd)‐enhanced 3‐dimensional (3D) FLAIR (fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can identify leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) in MS. Further characterization is needed to determine if LME is an imaging biomarker for meningeal inflammation. We sought to characterize the natural history of LME in the community setting, including persistence/resolution, effect of disease‐modifying therapy, scanner variability, timing of acquisition, and imaging pitfalls that may lead to misinterpretation.METHODSA total of 341 MRI exams with Gd‐enhanced 3D‐FLAIR were reviewed in MS and non‐MS patients to determine frequency of enhancement by MS subtype and association with therapy. A phantom was used to assess scanner variability. Two MS patients with seven LME were imaged at four postinjection time points to generate time‐intensity curves. Imaging pitfalls were compiled.RESULTSA total of 16.6% (40/241) of MS patients revealed LME compared to 8% (8/100) in non‐MS patients (P = .04). There was no association with MS subtype, therapy, or disease activity. Detection using General Electric's version of 3D‐FLAIR (29%) was greater than with Siemen's 3D‐FLAIR (12%) at 1.5T (Tesla) (P < .001). Lesions were generally stable but resolved in 2 patients following high‐dose steroids. LME kinetics were heterogeneous, even within patients, without uniform optimal time for acquisition. Enhancement curves exhibited three different variations, similar to the two‐compartment model. Imaging pitfalls included enhancements of uncertain biologic significance, cortical veins and anatomic structures, and imaging artifacts.CONCLUSIONSAwareness of LME characteristics, variability with imaging parameters, and imaging pitfalls will facilitate determining the potential role as an imaging biomarker for meningeal inflammation.
What's for Lunch? Investigating the Experiences, Perceptions, and Habits of Parents and School Lunches: A Scoping Review
Authors: O'Rourke Brianne , Shwed Alanna , Bruner Brenda , Ferguson Kristen 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearch indicates home‐packed school lunches are lower in nutritional value compared with school‐provided meals. Due to the lack of a school lunch program, most of what Canadian children consume during the school day is determined by parents and caregivers through packed lunches. Despite this, little research has focused on the school lunch packing habits and attitudes of parents. The purpose of this scoping review was to improve understanding of parental perceptions, experiences, and habits with respect to home‐packed school lunches.METHODSWe conducted a scoping review of peer‐reviewed and gray literature. We reviewed only studies published from January 2000 to January 2019 with a focus on parents' lunch packing habits for their school‐aged children.RESULTSThe review included 7 studies, with articles from the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada. The studies identified 6 themes influencing parental decisions regarding what to pack in their child's lunch—school environment, food as fuel, convenience, child's influence, cost, and the lunch experience.CONCLUSIONSThe decisions that influence what is packed in a school lunch are complex and indicate the need for support. Parents, schools, districts, and government policymakers need to work collaboratively to improve the healthiness of home‐packed school lunches.