bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18th-Century Judeo-Arabic Documents from the Prize Papers Collection
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed A. H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Prize Papers Collection held at the National Archives in Kew contains more than 280 letters and documents in Judeo-Arabic (Arabic written in Hebrew script) taken from the British cartel ship Venus in 1800. Most of the letters and documents belonged to Shlomo Bū Shaʿra, an Algerian Jewish merchant who travelled between Algeria and Europe on business during the late 18th century. This article introduces the Judeo-Arabic documents from the Prize Papers Collection. It applies a linguistic analysis to a sample of 15 letters and documents, and transcribes and translates three documents written in Arabic and Judeo-Arabic scripts.
Ophthalmic adverse effects of taxanes: The Mayo Clinic experience
Authors: Fortes Blake H , Liou Harris , Dalvin Lauren A 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To investigate ophthalmic side effects of taxanes and compare side effect frequency, requirement for cessation of taxane therapy, visual acuity outcome, and concurrent systemic effects between paclitaxel and docetaxel. Methods: Patients taking taxanes at a single center from 1/1/2010 to 2/29/2020 were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics, treatments, and concurrent systemic adverse effects. Results: Of 1918 patients, 22 (1.1%) experienced an ophthalmic side effect that came to the attention of an eye care provider. Mean age at presentation of the side effect was 62 years (median 66, range 23–82). The most common side effect was meibomian gland dysfunction in 5 (23%) patients, followed by cystoid macular edema in 4 (18%) patients and canalicular obstruction in 4 (18%) patients, followed by diplopia in 2 (9%) patients, and singular cases of lash alopecia, and blepharitis, among others. Lids/lashes as well as nasolacrimal duct adverse effects occurred more frequently with docetaxel therapy than with paclitaxel therapy. Follow-up was available in 10 (45%) patients, with mean duration of 5 months (median 4, range 0–12 months). Of these patients, the ophthalmic side effects were resolved or controlled without discontinuing therapy in 8 (80%) patients. Taxane cessation was required in one patient with docetaxel-related canalicular obstruction and one patient with paclitaxel-related cystoid macular edema. Conclusion: Ophthalmic taxane-related adverse events are rare with estimated frequency of ophthalmic side effects of about 1%. Nevertheless, it is important that ophthalmologists recognize the range of side effects for optimal management. Most ophthalmic events can be treated with targeted therapy without discontinuation of life-prolonging taxane therapy.
Pulmonary vasodilators: beyond the bounds of pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy in COVID‐19
Authors: Franco Veronica , Bradley Elisa A. , Badagliacca Roberto , Sabanayagam Aarthi , Rajpal Saurabh , Lastinger Lauren T. , Daniels Curt J. , Smith J. Shaun , Benza Raymond L. 
Published: November 2020

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) disease COVID‐19 are characterized by extensive endothelial dysfunction and inflammation leading to vascular remodeling and severe microthrombi and microvascular obliterative disease. It is hypothesized that those patients with underlying lung disease, like PAH, represent a high‐risk cohort in this pandemic. However, reports of COVID‐19 in this cohort of patient have been scaring and an observational survey showed that the disease was relatively well tolerated. We postulate that specific PAH vasodilator may offer some protection and/or advantage in the case of concomitant COVID‐19. Here we review the literature describing mechanisms of action for each of the broad categories of PAH therapy, and offer potential hypothesis about why this therapy may impact outcomes in COVID‐19.
Interdisciplinary development of a standardized introduction to gene drives for lay audiences
Authors: Schairer Cynthia E. , Triplett Cynthia , Buchman Anna , Akbari Omar S. , Bloss Cinnamon S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
While there is wide consensus that the public should be consulted about emerging technology early in development, it is difficult to elicit public opinion about innovations unfamiliar to lay audiences. We sought public input on a program of research on genetic engineering to control mosquito vectors of disease that is led by scientists at the University of California and funded by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). In preparation for this effort, we developed a series of narrated slideshows to prompt responses to the development of gene drive mosquito control strategies among lay people. We describe the development and content of these slideshows and evaluate their ability to elicit discussions among focus group participants.

Methods
In developing these materials, we used an iterative process involving input from experts in molecular genetics and vector control. Topics were chosen for their relevance to the goals of the scientists leading the program of research. Significant time was devoted to crafting explanations that would be accessible to uninitiated members of the public but still represent the science accurately. Through qualitative analysis of focus group discussions prompted by the slideshows, we evaluated the success of these slideshows in imparting clear technical information sufficient to inform lay discussion.

Results
The collaboration resulted in a series of four narrated slideshows that were used to anchor discussions in online focus groups. Many participants described the slideshows as interesting and informative, while also raising concerns and possible risks that were not directly addressed in the material presented. Open-ended comments from participants suggest that the slideshows inspired critical questions, reflection, and conversation about genetically engineered and gene drive mosquitoes. After the final and most technically complex slideshow, however, some respondents made comments suggestive of overwhelm or confusion.

Conclusion
Our narrated slideshows prompted engaged conversations about genetically engineered mosquitoes among members of the public who were generally naïve to this technology. Narrated slideshows may serve as viable and useful tools for future public engagement on other controversial emerging medical and public health technologies.
The detrimental impacts of negative age stereotypes on the episodic memory of older adults: does social participation moderate the effects?
Authors: Chan Stephen C. Y. , Au Alma M. L. , Lai Simon M. K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Older adults’ cognitive abilities can be impaired through priming of negative age stereotypes. However, it is unclear whether the effects of negative priming can be extended to episodic memory, which is believed to be the most age-sensitive type among the long-term memory systems, in Asian populations. Social participation has recently emerged as a potential protective factor for maintaining the cognitive function of older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of negative age stereotype priming on episodic memory and the moderating role of social participation in the priming effect.

Methods
A total of 105 community-dwelling older adults residing in Hong Kong were randomly allocated to two experimental conditions. Participants were primed either with negative age stereotype words (n = 53) or neutral words (n = 52) using an implicit priming task. Episodic memory performance was assessed using the Hong Kong List Learning Task (HKLLT), which includes total learning, two delayed recalls and a recognition task. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess group differences in the priming task and memory performance, while a series of moderation analyses were performed to examine the moderating effects of social participation.

Results
The group that received negative age stereotype priming performed significantly worse than the group that received neutral words in their episodic memory test. Additional analyses showed that socially active individuals might be less prone to the effects of negative age stereotypes for the recognition task only.

Conclusions
Older adults who are more socially active might be more immune to the effects of negative age stereotype priming on episodic memory. These results provide initial support for the hypothesis that social participation might act as an effective strategy to ward against negative age stereotype priming.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04202120 (first posted December 17, 2019), (Retrospectively registered).
Trends in antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2017–2019
Authors: Adamson Paul C. , Van Le Hung , Le Hai Ha Long , Le Giang Minh , Nguyen Trung Vu , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an emerging global health threat. Surveillance of AMR in N. gonorrhoeae in the Western Pacific Region is important, as resistant strains have typically emerged from this region. There are sparse data regarding antibiotic susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae from Vietnam. This study aimed to provide updated data on antibiotic susceptibilities in N. gonorrhoeae isolates from Hanoi, Vietnam.

Methods
From 2017 to 2019, 409 N. gonorrhoeae clinical isolates were collected at the National Hospital for Venereology and Dermatology in Hanoi, Vietnam. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol. The zone diameters of inhibition were recorded and interpreted according to standard CLSI criteria, except for azithromycin, due to the absence of CLSI interpretation. Categorical variables were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Linear regression was used to evaluate zones of inhibition by year.

Results
Among the 409 isolates, no isolates were susceptible to penicillin, 98.3% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and all isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin. There were 122/407 (30.0%) isolates resistant to azithromycin and there was an association between resistance and year (p <  0.01), ranging from 15.3% of isolates in 2017 to 46.7% of the isolates in 2018. Resistance to cefixime was found in 13/406 (3.2%) of isolates and there was no association by year (p = 0.30). Resistance to ceftriaxone occurred in 3/408 (0.7%) of isolates. Linear regression indicated the zone of inhibition diameters decreased by 0.83 mm each year for ceftriaxone (95% CI: − 1.3, − 0.4; p <  0.01) and decreased by 0.83 mm each year (95% CI: − 1.33, − 0.33; p <  0.01) for azithromycin; the association was not significant for cefixime (p = 0.07).

Conclusions
We found decreasing susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone and azithromycin, as well as a high prevalence of resistance to azithromycin, among isolates in Hanoi, Vietnam from 2017 to 2019. The trends of decreasing susceptibility to first-line treatments are concerning and highlight the urgency of addressing antimicrobial resistance in N. gonorrhoeae. Expanded surveillance efforts within the Western Pacific Region are critical to monitoring trends and informing treatment guidelines.
Novel compound heterozygous TARS2 variants in a Chinese family with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Peng Bingwei , Hou Chi , Li Jinliang , Zeng Yiru , Wu Wenxiao , Liao Yinting , Tian Yang , Chen Wen-Xiong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy caused by bi-allelic deleterious variants in TARS2 is rare. To date, only two pedigrees were reported in the literature and the connection between the gene and disease needs further study.

Case presentation
We report one infant who presented with limb hypertonia, epilepsy, developmental delay, and increased serum lactate from a non-consanguineous Chinese family. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to help to underlie the cause. We identified compound heterozygous variants c.470C > G, p.Thr157Arg and c.2143G > A, p.Glu715Lys in TARS2 and the variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The patient was diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21 according to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database based on the clinical data and the deleterious effect of the two variants in TARS2 predicted by in silico tools.

Conclusions
We presented one case diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21 based on clinical characteristics and genetic analysis. This is the first case in China and the fourth case in the world based on our document retrieval. This study facilitates the understanding of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency disease and demonstrates that the next-generation sequencing has a high potential to study inherited disease with high phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic heterogeneity including mitochondrial diseases such as combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency.
Psychometric properties of satisfaction with the childbirth education class questionnaire for Iranian population
Authors: Hassanzadeh Robab , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Abbas-Alizadeh Fatemeh , Meedya Shahla , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Childbirth preparation classes can reduce pregnant women’s anxiety and fear for their childbirth. However, to evaluate women’s feedback and their satisfaction with these classes, there is a need for a standard instrument that is suitable for Iranian context. This study is aimed to translate and conduct a psychometric analysis of the Satisfaction with the Childbirth Education Class Questionnaire (SCECQ) for Iranian population.

Methods
The questionnaire was translated from English into Persian through the forward-backward translation method. The cluster sampling method was employed to select 205 pregnant women with gestational age of 35–37 weeks from all health complexes of Tabriz, Iran. The face, content, and construct validity of the research instrument were assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were measured to evaluate the overall reliability of the questionnaire.

Results
The impact scores of all items were above 1.5. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) of the questionnaire were 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. The convergent construct validity of the whole questionnaire and those of its three subscales were confirmed through the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The factor loadings of no items were below 0.3, and the X2/df ratio was smaller than 5. The overall model validity was confirmed by having the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) smaller than 0.08. Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were 0.93 and 0.96, respectively, indicating the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire.

Conclusion
The Persian version of this questionnaire, entitled SCECQ is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring Iranian women’s satisfaction with childbirth education classes.
Retrospective analysis of LNM risk factors and the effect of chemotherapy in early colorectal cancer: A Chinese multicenter study
Authors: Zeng Chunyan , Xiong Dandan , Cheng Fei , Luo Qingtian , Wang Qiang , Huang Jun , Lan Guilian , Zhong Huan , Chen Youxiang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Estimating the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial for determining subsequent treatments following curative resection of early colorectal cancer (ECC). This multicenter study analyzed the risk factors of LNM and the effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with ECC.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 473 patients with ECC who underwent general surgery in five hospitals between January 2007 and October 2018. The correlations between LNM and sex, age, tumor size, tumor location, endoscopic morphology, pathology, depth of invasion and tumor budding (TB) were directly estimated based on postoperative pathological analysis. We also observed the overall survival (OS) and recurrence in ECC patients with and without LNM after matching according to baseline measures.

Results
In total, 473 ECC patients were observed, 288 patients were enrolled, and 17 patients had LNM (5.90%). The univariate analysis revealed that tumor size, pathology, and lymphovascular invasion were associated with LNM in ECC (P = 0.026, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively), and the multivariate logistic regression confirmed that tumor size, pathology, and lymphovascular invasion were risk factors for LNM (P = 0.021, 0.023, and 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in OS and recurrence between the ECC patients with and without LNM after matching based on baseline measures (P = 0.158 and 0.346, respectively), and no significant difference was observed between chemotherapy and no chemotherapy in ECC patients without LNM after surgery (P = 0.729 and 0.052).

Conclusion
Tumor size, pathology, and lymphovascular invasion are risk factors for predicting LNM in ECC patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy could improve OS and recurrence in patients with LNM but not always in ECC patients without LNM.
Nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for rapid weight gain during the first year of life: a population-based birth cohort study
Authors: Lindholm Annelie , Bergman Stefan , Alm Bernt , Bremander Ann , Dahlgren Jovanna , Roswall Josefine , Staland-Nyman Carin , Almquist-Tangen Gerd 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Rapid weight gain (RWG) during infancy increases the risk of excess weight later in life. Nutrition- and feeding practices associated with RWG need to be further examined. The present study aimed to examine nutrition- and feeding practice-related risk factors for RWG during the first year of life.

Methods
A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1780 infants, classified as having RWG or non-RWG during 0–3-4, 0–6 and 6–12 months. RWG was defined as a change > 0.67 in weight standard deviation scores. Associations between nutrition- and feeding practice-related factors and RWG were examined with logistic regression models.

Results
Of the participating infants, 47% had RWG during 0–3-4 months, 46% during 0–6 months and 8% during 6–12 months. In the fully adjusted models, bottle-feeding at birth and at 3–4 months and nighttime meals containing formula milk were positively associated with RWG during 0–3-4 months (p < 0.05 for all). Breastfeeding at 3–4 months and nighttime meals containing breast milk were negatively associated with RWG during this period (p < 0.001). Bottle-feeding at birth, 3–4 and 6 months and nighttime meals containing formula milk at 3–4 months were positively associated with RWG during 0–6 months (p < 0.01 for all). Breastfeeding at 3–4 and 6 months was negatively associated with RWG (p < 0.01). During 6–12 months, only bottle-feeding at 3–4 months was positively associated with RWG (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
RWG was more common during the first 6 months of life and bottle-feeding and formula milk given at night were risk factors for RWG during this period.
Fission yeast condensin contributes to interphase chromatin organization and prevents transcription-coupled DNA damage
Authors: Kakui Yasutaka , Barrington Christopher , Barry David J. , Gerguri Tereza , Fu Xiao , Bates Paul A. , Khatri Bhavin S. , Uhlmann Frank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundStructural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are central organizers of chromatin architecture throughout the cell cycle. The SMC family member condensin is best known for establishing long-range chromatin interactions in mitosis. These compact chromatin and create mechanically stable chromosomes. How condensin contributes to chromatin organization in interphase is less well understood.ResultsHere, we use efficient conditional depletion of fission yeast condensin to determine its contribution to interphase chromatin organization. We deplete condensin in G2-arrested cells to preempt confounding effects from cell cycle progression without condensin. Genome-wide chromatin interaction mapping, using Hi-C, reveals condensin-mediated chromatin interactions in interphase that are qualitatively similar to those observed in mitosis, but quantitatively far less prevalent. Despite their low abundance, chromatin mobility tracking shows that condensin markedly confines interphase chromatin movements. Without condensin, chromatin behaves as an unconstrained Rouse polymer with excluded volume, while condensin constrains its mobility. Unexpectedly, we find that condensin is required during interphase to prevent ongoing transcription from eliciting a DNA damage response.ConclusionsIn addition to establishing mitotic chromosome architecture, condensin-mediated long-range chromatin interactions contribute to shaping chromatin organization in interphase. The resulting structure confines chromatin mobility and protects the genome from transcription-induced DNA damage. This adds to the important roles of condensin in maintaining chromosome stability.
Investigating transcriptome-wide sex dimorphism by multi-level analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data in ten mouse cell types
Authors: Lu Tianyuan , Mar Jessica C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is a long established fact that sex is an important factor that influences the transcriptional regulatory processes of an organism. However, understanding sex-based differences in gene expression has been limited because existing studies typically sequence and analyze bulk tissue from female or male individuals. Such analyses average cell-specific gene expression levels where cell-to-cell variation can easily be concealed. We therefore sought to utilize data generated by the rapidly developing single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology to explore sex dimorphism and its functional consequences at the single cell level.MethodsOur study included scRNA-seq data of ten well-defined cell types from the brain and heart of female and male young adult mice in the publicly available tissue atlas dataset, Tabula Muris. We combined standard differential expression analysis with the identification of differential distributions in single cell transcriptomes to test for sex-based gene expression differences in each cell type. The marker genes that had sex-specific inter-cellular changes in gene expression formed the basis for further characterization of the cellular functions that were differentially regulated between the female and male cells. We also inferred activities of transcription factor-driven gene regulatory networks by leveraging knowledge of multidimensional protein-to-genome and protein-to-protein interactions and analyzed pathways that were potential modulators of sex differentiation and dimorphism.ResultsFor each cell type in this study, we identified marker genes with significantly different mean expression levels or inter-cellular distribution characteristics between female and male cells. These marker genes were enriched in pathways that were closely related to the biological functions of each cell type. We also identified sub-cell types that possibly carry out distinct biological functions that displayed discrepancies between female and male cells. Additionally, we found that while genes under differential transcriptional regulation exhibited strong cell type specificity, six core transcription factor families responsible for most sex-dimorphic transcriptional regulation activities were conserved across the cell types, including ASCL2, EGR, GABPA, KLF/SP, RXRα, and ZF.ConclusionsWe explored novel gene expression-based biomarkers, functional cell group compositions, and transcriptional regulatory networks associated with sex dimorphism with a novel computational pipeline. Our findings indicated that sex dimorphism might be widespread across the transcriptomes of cell types, cell type-specific, and impactful for regulating cellular activities.