bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology of thin-rod Yb : YAG amplifiers with a high pulse energy and average power
Authors: Kuznetsov I.I. , Chizhov S.A. , Mukhin I.B. , Palashov O.V. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Technology for producing thin-rod Yb : YAG laser amplifiers is improved, which is aimed at increasing the output pulse energy and includes the development of a new method for mounting active elements into a cooling system and employment of more persistent dielectric coatings of rod ends. An influence of a thermal lens on the beam size in an active element is theoretically studied and the parameters are found, which provide equal beam sizes at input and output rod ends. The output pulse energy of 4 mJ is obtained without optical breakdown of the output end, which substantially exceeds the previously obtained results. The amplifier demonstrates an average power of 60 W and maintains a high beam quality.
Formula for the ionisation rate of an atom or ion in a strong electromagnetic field for numerical simulation
Authors: Golovanov A.A. , Kostyukov I.Yu. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A formula is proposed for calculating the rate of field ionisation of an atom or ion, taking into account both tunnel ionisation and barrier suppression ionisation. Compared with the previous formula proposed in 2018, it more accurately describes the transition region between both ionisations and is determined mainly by two parameters: the ionisation potential of an atom or ion and the amplitude of an external electric field. This makes the presented formula suitable for use in numerical packages simulating the interaction of high-power laser radiation with matter by the particle-in-cell (PIC) method.
Paradigms lost – paradigms regained
Authors: Diewald Gabriele 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Based on Diewald (2009, 2015a, 2017),
it is claimed that the notion of paradigm needs to be introduced
into constructional accounts, as otherwise the essence of
grammaticalization cannot be properly captured in construction
grammar. It is suggested to define grammatical paradigms as a new
node type, a “hyper-construction”, which represents the categorical,
non-gradient specifics of grammatical meaning. This line of
argumentation is supported by a discussion of changes in the German
and English modality, tense, determiner, and number paradigms.
Independent arguments for the psychological reality of paradigms
come from the study of implicational relations in inflectional
morphology and diachronic phenomena such as layering, suppletion, and
paradigm pressure.
Child EFL grammar learning through a collaborative writing
task
Authors: Calzada Asier , García Mayo María del Pilar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present study analyzed the effects of
completing a dictogloss task on the development of English grammar
(3rd person singular -s and articles) in a foreign
language primary school context. Fifty 11–12 year-old elementary EFL
Spanish learners worked on a dictogloss task individually, and in
teacher-assigned dyads and small groups. Their grammar gains were
measured by means of a pre- and post-dictogloss grammaticality
judgment test. The analysis of the children’s languaging showed that
the task encouraged learners in pairs and groups to equally focus on
form, although not only on the target features, which did not
improve. There was, however, a slight advantage of pairs over small
groups and individuals. A number of research implications, drawn
from these results, are discussed.
Evolution of the global polyethylene waste trade system
Authors: Xu Wen , Chen Wei-Qiang , Jiang Daqian , Zhang Chao , Ma Zijie , Ren Yan , Shi Lei 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
China’s import bans on solid wastes starting from 2017 have challenged the global trade system of plastic wastes, which remains poorly characterized. This study chooses polyethylene (PE) as a case and aims to map out the global trade networks of PE waste (GPETN) from 1976 to 2017.

Outcomes
We find that the size and complexity of the GPETN had been growing until 2016. After the mid-1990s, PE waste basically flowed from developed economies, mainly the EU and the US, to developing economies such as China. Since 2001 when admitted into the WTO, China’s PE waste import surged until 2014 when it absorbed over 60% of global export. Regulations on solid waste import following the Green Fence campaign in 2013 resulted in substantial reductions in China’s import as well as the global export of PE waste after 2014. Several other developing economies, such as Malaysia, Turkey, and Vietnam, had transitioned to net importers, but their imports were insufficient to replace China as new recycling bases for PE waste.

Conclusion
The results highlight the urgent need of a joint effort for developed and developing countries to build a stronger global circular economy system with sufficient capacity to treat PE waste locally.
Evidence of new 2D material: Cu2Te
Authors: Tong Yongfeng , Bouaziz Meryem , Zhang Wei , Obeid Baydaa , Loncle Antoine , Oughaddou Hamid , Enriquez Hanna , Chaouchi Karine , Esaulov Vladimir , Chen Zhesheng , Xiong Heqi , Cheng Yingchun , Bendounan Azzedine 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The number of two-dimensional (2D) materials has grown steadily since the discovery of graphene. Each new 2D material demonstrated unusual physical properties offering a large flexibility in their tailoring for high-tech applications. Here, we report on the formation and characterization of an uncharted 2D material: ‘Cu2Te alloy monolayer on Cu(111) surface’. We have successfully grown a 2D binary Te-Cu alloy using a straightforward approach based on chemical deposition method. Low electron energy diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results reveal the existence of a well-ordered alloy monolayer characterized by (√3 × √3)R30° superstructure, while the x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements indicate the presence of single chemical environment of the Te atoms associated with the Te-Cu bonding. Analysis of the valence band properties by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES); in particular the electronic states close to the Fermi level suggests a strong hybridization between Te and Cu electronic states leading to an appearance of new dispersive bands localized at the surface alloy, which is confirmed by first-principles calculations. These bands are strongly influenced by the surface reconstruction and undergo a back-folding at the boundaries of the reduced surface Brillouin zone (SBZ). More interesting, a band gap of about 0.91 eV and a Rashba splitting in the conduction band are obtained. These findings taken together clearly prove the presence of 2D-type electron system within the Cu2Te alloy layer, which is promising for spintronic application.
Electrical percolation and dynamic piezoresistivity of silver nanoparticle/polydimethylsiloxane films
Authors: Heng Shan , Liu Hongguang , Wang Chengyuan , Tang Chun , Luo Ying , Wang Xuesen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Electrical percolation and piezo-resistivity under cyclic load were studied for silver nanoparticle (AgNP)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films. Attention was focused on the percolation process and the impacts of the percolation stage and load frequency on the piezoresistivity of the films. A power law was uncovered between the electrical resistance and the surface mass density (m

d
) of AgNP layer. Dependence of piezoresistive sensitivity and linearity on m

d
and cyclic load frequency were also investigated and interpreted in terms of the physical changes of the AgNP layer and the dynamics of the strain-induced microcracks. In particular, a peak gauge factor 75 was achieved at m

d
= 0.32 mg cm
−2 and the load frequency 0.5 Hz, and excellent linearity was found at the frequency 1 Hz or higher. These new findings provide important guidance for the design and applications of AgNP/PDMS films in body motion tracking, fatigue load monitoring and surface vibration detecting.
The love life of a rose. A commentary on: ‘Asymmetrical canina meiosis is accompanied by the expansion of a pericentric satellite in non-recombining univalent chromosomes’
Authors: Wilkinson Mike J 
Published: April 2020

This article comments on:
Jana Lunerová, Veit Herklotz, Melanie Laudien, Radka Vozárová, Marco Groth, Aleš Kovařík and Christiane M. Ritz, Asymmetrical canina meiosis is accompanied by the expansion of a pericentromeric satellite in non-recombining univalent chromosomes in the genus Rosa, Annals of Botany, Volume 125, Issue 7, 4 June 2020, Pages 1025–1038, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa028
Turgor-driven plant growth applied in a soybean functional–structural plant model
Authors: Coussement Jonas R , De Swaef Tom , Lootens Peter , Steppe Kathy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Turgor pressure within a plant cell represents the key to the mechanistical descriptiion of plant growth, combining the effects of both water and carbon availability. The high level of spatio-temporal variation and diurnal dynamics in turgor pressure within a single plant make it a challenge to model these on the fine spatial scale required for functional–structural plant models (FSPMs). A conceptual model for turgor-driven growth in FSPMs has been established previously, but its practical use has not yet been explored.

Methods
A turgor-driven growth model was incorporated in a newly established FSPM for soybean. The FSPM simulates dynamics in photosynthesis, transpiration and turgor pressure in direct relation to plant growth. Comparisons of simulations with field data were used to evaluate the potential and shortcomings of the modelling approach.

Key Results
Model simulations revealed the need to include an initial seed carbon contribution, a more realistic sink function, an estimation of respiration, and the distinction between osmotic and structural sugars, in order to achieve a realistic model of plant growth. However, differences between simulations and observations remained in individual organ growth patterns and under different environmental conditions. This exposed the need to further investigate the assumptions of developmental and environmental (in)sensitivity of the parameters, which represent physiological and biophysical organ properties in the model, in future research.

Conclusions
The model in its current form is primarily a diagnostic tool, to better understand and model the behaviour of water relations on the scale of individual plant organs throughout the plant life cycle. Potential future applications include its use as a phenotyping tool to capture differences in plant performance between genotypes and growing environments in terms of specific plant characteristics. Additionally, focused experiments can be used to further improve the model mechanisms to lead to better predictive FSPMs, including scenarios of water deficit.
The Language of Evaluation in the Narratives by the Magdalene Laundries Survivors: The Discourse of Female Victimhood
Authors: HIDALGO-TENORIO ENCARNACIÓN , BENÍTEZ-CASTRO MIGUEL-ÁNGEL 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Drawing on Martin and White’s Appraisal Theory, we study the language of evaluation in a corpus of interviews selected from the archives of The Magdalene Oral History Project. Apart from being deprived of proper food, clothing, and their identity, many of the women who spent their lives in Ireland’s Magdalene institutions had been, or were, sexually assaulted, and physically and psychologically abused. Their criminalization led them to long-lasting incarceration for no apparent reason and, years further on, prevented them from developing any active social voice. Thus, the discursive patterns in these texts can be seen as the symptom of ‘the discourse of female victimhood’, which is mainly characterized by their difficulty to express their emotions and their opinions, and their tendency to avoid mentioning what happened to them and who the agent was. The Magdalene survivors felt both hatred and remorse, and seemed to be able to speak about their painful experience only by silencing others’ liability, while making self-reproach and sympathy go hand in hand in their construal of both their past and themselves.
Contrasts in kinship structure in mammalian societies
Authors: Dyble Mark , Clutton-Brock Tim H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractComparative studies of mammals confirm Hamilton’s prediction that differences in cooperative and competitive behavior across species will be related to contrasts in kinship between group members. Although theoretical models have explored the factors affecting kinship within social groups, few have analyzed the causes of contrasts in kinship among related species. Here, we describe interspecific differences in average kinship between group members among social mammals and show that a simple mathematical model that includes the number of breeding females, male reproductive skew, and litter size successfully predicts ~95% of observed variation in average kinship between group members across a sample of mammals. Our model shows that a wide range of conditions can generate groups with low average relatedness but only a small and rather specific set of conditions are likely to generate high average levels of relatedness between their members, providing insight into the relative rarity of advanced forms of cooperation in mammalian societies.
MIAMI––a tool for non-targeted detection of metabolic flux changes for mode of action identification
Authors: Dudek Christian-Alexander , Reuse Carsten , Fuchs Regine , Hendriks Janneke , Starck Veronique , Hiller Karsten 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Summary
Mass isotopolome analysis for mode of action identification (MIAMI) combines the strengths of targeted and non-targeted approaches to detect metabolic flux changes in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry datasets. Based on stable isotope labeling experiments, MIAMI determines a mass isotopomer distribution-based (MID) similarity network and incorporates the data into metabolic reference networks. By identifying MID variations of all labeled compounds between different conditions, targets of metabolic changes can be detected.

Availability and implementation
We implemented the data processing in C++17 with Qt5 back-end using MetaboliteDetector and NTFD libraries. The data visualization is implemented as web application. Executable binaries and visualization are freely available for Linux operating systems, the source code is licensed under General Public License version 3.
Altered cerebrovascular response to acute exercise in patients with Huntington’s disease
Authors: Steventon Jessica J , Furby Hannah , Ralph James , O’Callaghan Peter , Rosser Anne E , Wise Richard G , Busse Monica , Murphy Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether a single session of exercise was sufficient to induce cerebral adaptations in individuals with Huntington’s disease and to explore the time dynamics of any acute cerebrovascular response. In this case–control study, we employed arterial-spin labelling MRI in 19 Huntington’s disease gene-positive participants (32–65 years, 13 males) and 19 controls (29–63 years, 10 males) matched for age, gender, body mass index and self-reported activity levels, to measure global and regional perfusion in response to 20 min of moderate-intensity cycling. Cerebral perfusion was measured at baseline and 15, 40 and 60 min after exercise cessation. Relative to baseline, we found that cerebral perfusion increased in patients with Huntington’s disease yet was unchanged in control participants in the precentral gyrus (P = 0.016), middle frontal gyrus (P = 0.046) and hippocampus (P = 0.048) 40 min after exercise cessation (+15 to +32.5% change in Huntington’s disease participants, −7.7 to 0.8% change in controls). The length of the disease-causing trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene predicted the change in the precentral gyrus (P = 0.03) and the intensity of the exercise intervention predicted hippocampal perfusion change in Huntington’s disease participants (P &lt; 0.001). In both groups, exercise increased hippocampal blood flow 60 min after exercise cessation (P = 0.039). These findings demonstrate the utility of acute exercise as a clinically sensitive experimental paradigm to modulate the cerebrovasculature. Twenty minutes of aerobic exercise induced transient cerebrovascular adaptations in the hippocampus and cortex selectively in Huntington’s disease participants and likely represents latent neuropathology not evident at rest.
Three-dimensional imaging of pulmonary arterial vasa vasorum using optical coherence tomography in patients after bidirectional Glenn and Fontan procedures
Authors: Hayabuchi Yasunobu , Homma Yukako , Kagami Shoji 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
We evaluated pulmonary arterial (PA) vasa vasorum (VV) in Fontan candidate patients with a novel three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods and results
This prospective study assessed the development of adventitial VV in the distal PA of 10 patients with bidirectional Glenn circulation (BDG group, 1.6 ± 0.3 years) and Fontan circulation (Fontan group, 3.3 ± 0.3 years), and in 20 children with normal PA haemodynamics and morphology (Control group, 1.5 ± 0.3 years). We assessed the PA VV with two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional, multi-planar reconstruction (MPR), and volume rendering (VR) imaging. VV development was evaluated by the VV area/volume ratio, defined as the VV area/volume divided by the adventitial area/volume. Compared to the control group, the observed VV number and diameter on 3D images of MPR and VR were significantly higher, and curved and torturous-shaped VV were more frequently observed in the BDG and Fontan groups (P &lt; 0.001, all). The median VV volume ratio was significantly greater in the BDG than in the control group (3.38% vs. 0.61%; P &lt; 0.001). Although the VV volume ratio decreased significantly after the Fontan procedure (2.64%, P = 0.005 vs. BDG), the ratio remained higher than in the control group (P &lt; 0.001 vs. control).

Conclusion
3D OCT imaging is a novel method that can be used to evaluate adventitial PA VV and may provide pathophysiological insight into the role of the PA VV in these patients.
Long-term persistence and adherence with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and their associations with stroke risk
Authors: Komen Joris J , Heerdink Eibert R , Klungel Olaf H , Mantel-Teeuwisse Aukje K , Forslund Tomas , Wettermark Björn , Hjemdahl Paul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
Studies on adherence and persistence with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) treatment have relied on data from the early years of NOAC availability. We aimed to study long-term adherence and persistence with NOACs and their association with stroke risk.

Methods and results
From the Stockholm Healthcare database, we included 21 028 atrial fibrillation patients claiming a first NOAC prescription from July 2011 until October 2018, with more than 1000 patients having more than 5 years of follow-up (median: 2.0, interquartile range: 1.0–3.2). Persistence rates, defined as continuing to claim NOAC prescriptions within a 90-day gap, decreased to 70% at the end of follow-up. However, 85% of the patients were treated at the end of the study due to reinitiations. Adherence, calculated as medication possession rate (MPR) in 3 and 6-month intervals among persistent users, remained stable at 90%, with 75% of patients having an MPR &gt;95% throughout the study period. Using a case–control design, we calculated associations of persistence and adherence with stroke risk, adjusting for potential confounders. The outcome was a composite of ischaemic or unspecified stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Non-persistence and poor adherence were both associated with increased stroke risk [non-persistence adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49–2.82, 1% reduction MPR aOR: 1.03; CI: 1.01–1.05]. There was no association between non-persistence or poor adherence and the falsification endpoints; fractions and respiratory infections, indicating no ‘healthy-adherer’ effect.

Conclusion
Persistence rates decreased slowly over time, but persistent patients had high adherence rates. Both non-persistence and poor adherence were associated with an increased stroke risk.
Differential Effects of Long-Term Caloric Restriction and Dietary Protein Source on Bone and Marrow Fat of the Aging Rat
Authors: Duque Gustavo , Al Saedi Ahmed , Rivas Daniel , Miard Stéphanie , Ferland Guylaine , Picard Frederic , Gaudreau Pierrette 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Long-term caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to be beneficial to various tissues and organs. In contrast, CR exerts differential effects on bone, which could be due in part to the nature of the protein regime utilized. Male Sprague Dawley rats (8-month-old) were subjected for 12 months to 40% CR in macronutrients and compared with rats fed ad libitum for the same period. Casein- and soy-fed groups were compared. There was a significant decrease in bone quality in both CR groups, which was independent of the source of protein in the diet. In contrast, the group fed soy protein ad libitum showed better bone quality and higher levels of bone formation compared with casein-fed animals. Notably, bone marrow adipocytes were not mobilized upon CR as demonstrated by an absence of change in adipocyte number and tissue expression of leptin. This study demonstrates that the negative effect of CR on bone quality could not be prevented by the most common protein regimes.
Parametric analysis of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication efficiency on induced seismicity
Authors: Cornelio Chiara , Violay Marie 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARY
During reservoir stimulations, the injection of fluids with variable viscosities can trigger seismicity. Several fault lubrication mechanisms have been invoked to explain the dynamic stress drop occurring during those seismic events. Here, we perform a parametric analysis of the elastohydrodynamic fault lubrication mechanism to assess its efficiency during fluid-induced earthquakes. The efficiency of the mechanism is measured with the dimensionless Sommerfeld number S. Accordingly, we analysed eight well-documented cases of induced seismicity associated with the injection of fluids whose viscosities range from 1 mPa s (water) to 100 mPa s (proppant). We collected information related to the in situ stress field, fault orientation and geometry, moment of magnitude and static stress drop of the events. These parameters allow us to analyse the variation in the Sommerfeld number. Our results show that the estimated dynamic friction on the fault during the event is compatible with the fault weakening predicted by the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory, particularly for highly viscous fluids.