bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicinal plants of the brazilian cerrado: knowing to preserve
Authors: Santos Lucinéia dos , Viel Amanda Martins , Tarosso Leandro Fagundes , Momesso Luciano da Silva , Palmieri Dario Abel , Spera Kamille Daleck 
Published: February 2020

The Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and presents an immeasurable and still underexplored ecological diversity. Despite the exuberance of its endemic species, it is one of the 25 global hotspots, due to a high natural biodiversity wealth along with an expressive environment destruction. In this study, we surveyed the knowledge on medicinal use of Cerrado plants held by individuals living in a predominantly Cerrado region. A semi-structured individual questionnaire for qualitative socio-economic characterization and medicinal use of plants was applied to Public Health Service users of the city of Assis, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Assis Regional Hospital (Protocol 4812010). Out of 149 respondents, 90.6% reported knowledge and/or use of plants for therapeutic purposes. Among 115 mentioned plant species, only 11.4% belong to the Cerrado. We also evaluated how matching were the reported uses and the respective published data from scientific studies on the plants’ medicinal properties. It was verified that for the few Cerrado plants cited, the respondents described several medicinal applications not scientifically described. More precisely, 60.5% of all medicinal applications were not found in the scientific literature. Besides that, many of the therapeutic effects described in the literature for the Cerrado species were not cited by the interviewed population. Our results indicate a relative unawareness of people on the medicinal potential of the native species of their residence region. We suggest that strengthening connection between popular and scientific knowledge, along with spreading such knowledge, could contribute for an improved valuation about the Cerrado biome and consecutive preservation of it.
SİGORTA ŞİRKETLERİNİN MALİ DURUMUNUN ÇOK DEĞİŞKENLİ DİSKRİMİNANT ANALİZ YÖNTEMİYLE İYİ YA DA KÖTÜ OLARAK SINIFLANDIRILMASI
Authors: UMUT Muharrem 
Published: February 2020

Sigorta şirketleri, finansal piyasalarda çok önemli bir işleve sahiptir. Nitekim sigorta ihtiyacı olan gerçek ve tüzel kişilere ulusal ve uluslararası alanda yüksek tutarda teminatlar sunulmakta ve hem ülkelerin hem de diğer finansal kuruluşların yükü hafiflemektedir. Bu yönüyle sigortacılık sektörü sürekli gelişen dinamik bir yapıya sahiptir. Buna bağlı olarak ülkeler, sigortacılık düzenlemelerine önem vermekte ve sektörde oluşan sorunlara karşı çözüm bulmaktadır, bazen de hak sahiplerini korumak ve sektöre oluşan güven kaybını önlemek adına müdahale etmektedir. Nitekim sigortacılık sektörünün temelini oluşturan güven unsurunun kaybolmaması bakımından, sigortalılara karşı sözlerini yerine getirebilmek için sigorta şirketlerinin sağlam bir finansal yapıya sahip olmaları gereklidir.
Ülkemizde sigorta şirketlerinin finansal durumlarının tespit edilmesinde kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de finansal oranlardır. Bu oranların yardımıyla şirketler iyi ya da kötü olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, hayat dışı alanında faaliyet gösteren sigorta şirketlerinin 2014 yılı sonu verilerine göre belirli finansal oranlar kullanılarak çok değişkenli bir analiz yöntemi olan ‘diskriminant analizi’ uygulanmıştır. Bu analizin kullanılmasındaki amaç, yetkili kamu otoritesince el konulan şirketlerin belirlenmesinde, diğer bir deyişle iyi ve kötü şirketlerin sınıflandırılmasında karar vericilere yardımcı olmaktır. Böylece yetkili otoriteye, finansal durumu kötü olan şirketlerin belirlenmesine yönelik bir erken uyarı yöntemi sunulmuş olunacaktır.
Pure and Applied Chemistry Special Topic Series
Authors: Fauque Danielle , Bull James 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In 1999, James Bull was invited to become editor for the scientific journal of IUPAC, Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) and specifically for Special Topics, a series originally conceived as a way of promoting IUPAC engagement with topics of social relevance. As editor of the series and later of PAC, James Bull worked to raise the level of awareness of the issues and in turn draw attention to the work of the Union. In the course of my own research on the history of IUPAC, I, Danielle Fauque, was intrigued by the series, which was published between 1996 and 2012 [1]. It became the subject of several lengthy electronic exchanges with James Bull. The interest of the exchanges was so evident that a publication in CI
seemed appropriate.
Unabhängigkeitsbewegung in Katalonien
Authors: Hünecke Silke 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der katalanischen Bewegung im 21. Jahrhundert und ihren Protestformen sowie mit Selbstverständnis und Anliegen der Bewegung. Zudem werden die Hintergründe erläutert, die zu ihren Erstarkungen in den letzten Jahren beigetragen haben. Jahrelang wurde der sich spätestens seit 2010 zuspitzende Katalonienkonflikt außerhalb Spaniens kaum wahrgenommen. Dieses änderte sich schlagartig mit der versuchten Durchführung des verbotenen Unabhängigkeitsreferendums am 1. Oktober 2017. Dabei ist dies ein jahrhundertealter Konflikt, der insbesondere ab dem 17. Jahrhundert in wiederkehrenden sozialen Protestwellen, die mit Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen verknüpft wurden, seinen Ausdruck fand. Im Folgenden richtet sich der Blick auf die sich seit 2010 neuformierte Unabhängigkeitsbewegung.
Influence of Series Compensation Degrees on Secondary Arc Current Characteristics under the Different Series Compensation Mode
Authors: XIE Yadi , HE Baina , WANG Lemiao , JIANG Renzhuo , MAO Yazhe , ZHOU Yuyang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe high compensation degree series compensation has a broad development prospects in long distance and large-capacity UHV transmission lines. But it is generating secondary arc current contains low frequency components with high amplitude when the single-phase grounding fault occurs in the series compensated transmission line, which is not conducive to rapid arc extinguishing. To solve this problem, this paper based on the mechanism of generating secondary arc by series compensation transmission lines, and using ATP – EMTP electromagnetic transient program to establish the simulation model of UHV series compensation device. And the suppression effects of small resistance short connection fault series compensation and linkage bypass series compensation measures on secondary arc current and recovery voltage under different series compensation layout mode are studied respectively. The results show that the attenuation speed of the secondary arc current is related to the series compensation arrangement modes and the time when the series compensation device is short connected or bypassed. Series compensation device short connected or bypassed before circuit breaker tripping which can accelerate the arc extinction speed, and the suppression effect is better when the series compensated double platform segmentation layout is distributed on both sides of the line. The results can be used as a reference for the engineering design of UHV with large capacity and long distance and high compensation series compensation transmission lines.
Intra-consortia data sharing platforms for interdisciplinary collaborative research projects
Authors: Schröder Max , LeBlanc Hayley , Spors Sascha , Krüger Frank 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As the importance of data in today’s research increases, the effective management of research data is of central interest for reproducibility. Research is often conducted in large interdisciplinary consortia that collaboratively collect and analyse such data. This raises the need of intra-consortia data sharing. In this article, we propose the use of data management platforms to facilitate this exchange among research partners. Based on the experiences of a large research project, we customized the CKAN software to satisfy these needs for intra-consortia data sharing.
From Geography to Paradoxography: the use, transmission and survival of Megasthenes’ Indica
Authors: Jansari Sushma 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMegasthenes was the first Greek ambassador known to have been sent to the court of a Mauryan ruler. He wrote an Indica based on his travels and experiences in India, which survives in fragmentary form in the work of later authors. This was the first work to provide a Greek audience with first-hand knowledge of the Indian interior and Mauryan court. Traditionally, Megasthenes’ Indica has been excavated for information to reconstruct knowledge of Mauryan India, Seleucid-Mauryan relations or other aspects of this period and the personalities involved, either by focusing on individual fragments or collating fragments thematically. In contrast, instead of treating Megasthenes’ work as a mine for information, I evaluate the remaining fragments chronologically, and according to the type and range of information derived from Megasthenes. The aim is to better understand the thematic differences and chronological changes in the way later authors consulted and used the Indica, and therefore, why certain parts of the Indica, and information about Megasthenes himself, have survived.
Institutionelle Bedingungen des sexuellen Missbrauchs von Minderjährigen
Authors: Hermann Dieter , Dölling Dieter , Collong Alexandra , Horten Barbara , Dreßing Harald , Salize Hans Joachim , Kruse Andreas , Schmitt Eric , Bannenberg Britta 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ein Teilprojekt der von der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz in Auftrag gegebenen Studie »Sexueller Missbrauch an Minderjährigen durch katholische Priester, Diakone und männliche Ordensangehörige im Bereich der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz« befasst sich mit der Analyse von Strafakten. Es wurden Strafverfahren wegen sexueller Missbrauchsdelikte gegen Minderjährige durch Kleriker der katholischen Kirche und durch Mitglieder anderer Institutionen, wie z. B. Schulen, ausgewertet. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob die besonderen Rahmenbedingungen in der katholischen Kirche, insbesondere das Kirchenrecht und der Klerikalismus, einen Einfluss auf Taten, Täter und institutionelle Reaktionen bei Delikten des sexuellen Missbrauchs von Minderjährigen haben. Die Analyse ergab, dass die Besonderheiten in der katholischen Kirche mit spezifischen Tat- und Tätermerkmalen korrespondierten und die Institutionen unterschiedlich auf Missbrauchsvorwürfe reagierten. Obwohl das Normensystem, das einen sexuellen Missbrauch verhindern soll, in der katholischen Kirche viel ausgeprägter ist als in anderen Institutionen, sind keine Unterschiede im Verhalten der Akteure ersichtlich.
Dispersion engineering and measurement of whispering gallery mode microresonator for Kerr frequency comb generation
Authors: Fujii Shun , Tanabe Takasumi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Designing and engineering microresonator dispersion are essential for generating microresonator frequency comb. Microresonator frequency combs (microcombs, Kerr frequency combs) offer the potential for various attractive applications as a new type of coherent light source that is power efficient and compact and has a high repetition rate and a broad bandwidth. They are easily driven with a continuous-wave pump laser with adequate frequency tuning; however, the resonators must have a high quality (Q) factor and suitable dispersion. The emergence of cavity enhanced four-wave mixing, which is based on third-order susceptibility in the host material, results in the generation of broadband and coherent optical frequency combs in the frequency domain equivalent to an optical pulse in the time domain. The platforms on which Kerr frequency combs can be observed have been developed, thanks to intensive efforts by many researchers over a few decades. Ultrahigh-Q whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators are one of the major platforms since they can be made of a wide range of material including silica glass, fluoride crystals and semiconductors. In this review, we focus on the dispersion engineering of WGM microresonators by designing the geometry of the resonators based on numerical simulation. In addition, we discuss experimental methods for measuring resonator dispersion. Finally, we describe experimental results for Kerr frequency combs where second- and higher-order dispersions influence their optical spectra.
MXene Ti3C2Tx saturable absorber for passively Q-switched mid-infrared laser operation of femtosecond-laser–inscribed Er:Y2O3 ceramic channel waveguide
Authors: Tian Qingyu , Yin Peng , Zhang Teng , Zhou Lunbin , Xu Bin , Luo Zhengqian , Liu Hongliang , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Jian , Liu Peng , Xu Xiaodong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report on an Er:Y2O3 ceramic channel waveguide laser operating at continuous-wave and passively Q-switched regimes, for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The Er:Y2O3 ceramic channel waveguide has been fabricated by a femtosecond laser direct-writing technique. The maximum output power reached 123.5 mW in continuous-wave mode with a slope efficiency of about 21%, and the lasing behavior has been found simultaneously at 2710.28, 2716.76, and 2723.18 nm. We have further fabricated an MXene Ti3C2Tx saturable absorber mirror to operate the Er:Y2O3 waveguide in passively Q-switched regime. At the same time, property of the MXene Ti3C2Tx saturable absorber has been characterized, and nonlinear saturable absorption of the saturable absorber has also been measured. The average output power is about 67.6 mW, and the shortest pulse width is about 58.1 ns. This work indicates that femtosecond laser direct writing is a reliable technique for processing mid-infrared ceramic waveguides, and MXene Ti3C2Tx is promising for operating pulsed mid-infrared lasers.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-(μ2-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2
N:N′)-bis(2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-6-carboxybenzoato-κ1
O)-nickel(II)], C26H14Br8NiN2O10
Authors: Li Yong-Shuang , Han Min-Le 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
C26H14Br8NiN2O10, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 24.1740(4) Å, b = 11.3727(2) Å, c = 11.7918(2) Å, V = 3241.84(10 Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0300, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0804, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (3E,3′E)-3,3′-((1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(sulfanediyl))bis(4-hydroxy-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one), C22H18N2O4S3
Authors: Zeng Jieqiong , Zuo Zhenyu , Huang Weiping , Huang Shaojun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
C22H18N2O4S3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.632(2) Å, b = 10.000(3) Å, c = 22.760(6) Å, β = 93.196(18)°, V = 2188.9(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0354, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0933, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of (1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane-κ6
O
6) sodium bromide hydrate, [Na(18-crown-6)]Br ⋅ H2O, C12H26BrNaO7
Authors: Klein Wilhelm 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
C12H26BrNaO7, monoclinic, Pc (no. 7), a = 7.9362(6) Å, b = 14.1331(7) Å, c = 7.7734(6) Å, β = 96.701(6)°, V = 865.93(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0257, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0598, T = 173(2) K.
Rhenium(V)-oxo complexes [ReOX2(N∩O)(EPh3)] (X=Cl, Br, I; E=P, As) – synthesis, structure, spectroscopy, and catalytic properties
Authors: Wolff Mariusz , Machura Barbara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present review aims to give a comprehensive survey about the chemistry of rhenium(V)-oxo complexes of general formula [ReOX2(N∩O)(EPh3)], where X=Cl, Br, I, E=P, As, and N∩O stands for uninegative chelating N∩O-ligand, carried out within the last four decades. In addition to the synthesis aspects, the available structural data as well as the results issued from techniques such as infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies are collected and discussed. Furthermore, a brief description of the applications of these compounds in catalysis is included.
The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly
Authors: Ersoz Huseyinsinoglu Burcu , Tufekcioglu Zeynep , Birinci Tansu , Demirdag Filiz 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose:
The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) was originally developed in English to determine the level of fear of falling and its interactions with activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the SAFE instrument into Turkish and investigate its psychometric properties.

Participants:
One hundred eleven older adults (72 females) with a mean age of 69 years (SD = 7.22; range, 60-87) were included.

Methods:
For cross-cultural adaptation, 2 bilingual translators used the back-translation procedure. Within a 5- to 7-day period after the first assessment, the participants completed the Turkish version of the SAFE (SAFE-T) to evaluate test-retest reliability. Cronbach's α was used to assess internal consistency. The correlation with the Turkish version of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-T) was determined to check the validity.

Results:
The SAFE-T had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.96) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC2,1] = 0.96 for activity level, ICC2,1 = 0.95 for fear of falling, and ICC2,1 = 0.86 for activity restriction subscales). The SAFE-T activity level and SAFE-T activity restriction subscales were moderately correlated with the FES-I (ρ = −0.51, P < .001; ρ = 0.55, P < .001, respectively). A strong positive correlation was found between the SAFE-T fear of falling subscale and the FES-I (ρ = 0.75, P < .001), indicating good concurrent validity.

Conclusions:
The results show that the SAFE-T is semantically and linguistically adequate to assess the fear of falling in adults older than 60 years. Excellent internal validity and test-retest reliability of the SAFE-T were defined to evaluate the fear of falling among Turkish speaking older adults.
Section of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) Cutoff Values for Walking Speed Level in Older Women With Hip Fracture
Authors: Miyata Kazuhiro , Hasegawa Satoshi , Iwamoto Hiroki , Shinohara Tomoyuki , Usuda Shigeru 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose:
Hip fracture is a common injury in older adults, with a high proportion of hip fractures affecting women. After a hip fracture, the recovery of the patient's walking speed is very important; one of the key determinants of walking speed is balance. The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), a clinical balance measure, categorizes balance into 6 postural control systems. However, the relationship between the walking speed level and the sections of the BESTest has not been explored for older women with hip fracture. Our objective was to establish section scores for the BESTest cutoff values for walking speed in older women with hip fracture.

Methods:
This was an observational study involving 46 older women 65 years or older with hip fracture. The BESTest was administered to all participants upon their discharge from the hospital. Participants were divided into groups on the basis of their walking speed levels, and receiver operating characteristic curves were determined for each section of the BESTest. We calculated the cutoff value, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of each.

Results:
Section IV-Stability in Gait showed the highest AUC (0.92) compared with the other sections, and the cutoff value determined for the fast and slow walker groups was 64.3% (sensitivity = 0.82, specificity = 0.83). The sections with moderate AUC (0.7-0.9) were I-Biomechanical Constraints (cutoff = 70.0%), III-Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (cutoff = 66.5%), IV-Postural Responses (cutoff = 69.4%), and V-Sensory Orientation (cutoff = 83.4%). The sections with the highest sensitivity (0.82) were I-Biomechanical Constraints and VI-Stability in Gait, and that with the highest specificity (0.88) was II-Stability Limits and Verticality.

Conclusions:
Five of the BESTest sections (I-Biomechanical Constraints, III-Anticipatory Postural Adjustments, IV-Postural Responses, V-Sensory Orientation, and IV-Stability in Gait) were able to differentiate between fast and slow walkers among older women with hip fracture. Balance during gait and anticipatory postural adjustments were shown to be important components of balance, and their cutoff values were indicators of the balance required to reach fast walking levels.
Assessing Diversity in theCamelinaGenus Provides Insights into the Genome Structure ofCamelina sativa
Authors: Chaudhary Raju , Koh Chu Shin , Kagale Sateesh , Tang Lily , Wu Siu Wah , Lv Zhenling , Mason Annaliese S , Sharpe Andrew G , Diederichsen Axel , Parkin Isobel A P 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCamelina sativa (L.) Crantz an oilseed crop of the Brassicaceae family is gaining attention due to its potential as a source of high value oil for food, feed or fuel. The hexaploid domesticated C. sativa has limited genetic diversity, encouraging the exploration of related species for novel allelic variation for traits of interest. The current study utilized genotyping by sequencing to characterize 193 Camelina accessions belonging to seven different species collected primarily from the Ukrainian-Russian region and Eastern Europe. Population analyses among Camelina accessions with a 2n = 40 karyotype identified three subpopulations, two composed of domesticated C. sativa and one of C. microcarpa species. Winter type Camelina lines were identified as admixtures of C. sativa and C. microcarpa. Eighteen genotypes of related C. microcarpa unexpectedly shared only two subgenomes with C. sativa, suggesting a novel or cryptic sub-species of C. microcarpa with 19 haploid chromosomes. One C. microcarpa accession (2n = 26) was found to comprise the first two subgenomes of C. sativa suggesting a tetraploid structure. The defined chromosome series among C. microcarpa germplasm, including the newly designated C. neglecta diploid née C. microcarpa, suggested an evolutionary trajectory for the formation of the C. sativa hexaploid genome and re-defined the underlying subgenome structure of the reference genome.
Неоконфуциантство в период «культурной революции» в Китае
Authors: Безродный А. Г. , Янь Хо 
Published: February 2020

Статья посвящена анализу влияния на процесс становления современного неоконфуцианства такого важного общественно-политического явления в истории современного Китая, как «культурная революция». Нами поставлена задача – рассмотреть «противостояние» идей и постулатов, пропагандируемых в своё время идеологами «культурной революции», и базовых положений неоконфуцианства. Одним из идеологических стержней (наряду с доминирующим марксизмом) социального устройства в Китае является неоконфуцианство. Последнее прошло трудный путь трансформаций и давлений со стороны господствующих в разное время идеологических векторов, например, таких как «движение за новую культуру» или «культурная революция». Каждое из этих течений декларировало необходимость общественных преобразований.
Период «культурной революции» характеризуется активной мировоззренческой борьбой против неоконфуцианства. В Китае был провозглашён курс на формирование «нового человека». Человека «пластичного» и открытого для новых социальных трансформаций. Мао Цзэдун видел угрозу для подобных преобразований в конфуцианстве с его акцентами на традиции и ритуал. Условно новое столкнулось с необходимостью очистить себе дорогу от пережитков старого.
В последнее время в Китае активизировался процесс пересмотра итогов «культурной революции». Устояв под натиском «культурной революции», конфуцианство в последующем было успешно «реабилитировано» и включено в идеологическую доктрину современного Китая. Ключевые слова: Конфуций, Мао Цзэдун,