bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seawater motion-induced electromagnetic noise reduction in marine magnetotelluric data using current meters
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhao Qingxian , Deng Ming , Luo Xianhu , Jing Jianen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeawater motion-induced electromagnetic (EM) noise along the seafloor has a large impact on marine magnetotelluric (MT) data quality. Although the mechanical stability of ocean bottom electromagnetic receivers (OBEMs) has improved due to buoyancy optimization, completely eliminating EM noise generated by seafloor currents as a result of instrument rocking or induction from the Earth’s magnetic field is still not possible. The velocity of the current represents the quantification of seafloor conditions. To mitigate this problem, we installed a current meter on an OBEM to measure the synchronous current velocity along with the OBEM data logger. For the marine EM surveys, we conducted two surveys composed of 42 marine EM data acquisition sites in the South China Sea. We observed a strong correlation between induced EM noise and current velocity when the speed was greater than 2 cm/s. Furthermore, we developed an adaptive correlation noise-canceling filter to reduce the induced EM noise, using the current meter data as a reference signal. The filter refined the coefficients using a least-mean-squares algorithm. We were able to reduce the induced EM noise by pre-filtering the raw time series data with an adaptive correlation noise-canceling filter and using current meter data from nearby sites. Since seafloor currents are clearly an issue that limits MT data quality, special efforts are necessary to reduce seawater motion-induced EM noise in marine MT surveys.
Comparative phylogeography of two sister species of snowcock: impacts of species-specific altitude preference and life history
Authors: An Bei , Zhang Lixun , Wang Yutao , Song Sen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhylogeographical patterns and population dynamics are usually interpreted by environmental disturbances and geographic barriers of the past. However, sister species may exhibit disparate patterns of genetic structures and population dynamics due to their habitat preference and altitude segregation. In this study, we tested how species-specific altitude habitat affected phylogeographical patterns in two sister snowcock species, Tibetan (Tetraogallus tibetanus) and Himalayan Snowcocks (T. himalayensis).MethodsA panel of seven microsatellite loci and a fragment of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region were used to investigate genetic structures and population dynamics in hope of revealing the underlying evolutionary processes through the identification of possible past demographic events.ResultsOur results suggest thatT. himalayensisshowed a significant phylogeographical signal in mtDNA (FST = 0.66,p < 0.001) and microsatellite (FST = 0.11,p < 0.001) data and is stable during the glacial-interglacial cycles in the Pleistocene and followed demographic contraction until 0.003 million years (Mys) ago. The phylogeographical signal ofT. tibetanusis lower than the level of genetic difference among populations in mtDNA (FST = 0.41,p < 0.001) and microsatellite (FST = 0.09,p < 0.001) data, likely benefiting from stable habitats over a long period of time.T. tibetanushas been experiencing expansion since 0.09 Mys ago. However, an abnormally haplotype H9 fromT. himalayensisclustering withT. tibetanuswas spotted.ConclusionOur results indicate that differences in habitat preference and altitude specialities were reflected in the genetic structure patterns and population dynamics of these two species. These dissimilarities in life history traits might have affected the dispersal and survival abilities of these two species differently during environmental fluctuations. The results of this study also enriched our knowledge on population differentiation and connectivity in high altitude mountain ecosystems.
Simultaneous emission and attenuation reconstruction in time-of-flight PET using a reference object
Authors: García-Pérez Pablo , España Samuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Simultaneous reconstruction of emission and attenuation images in time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography (PET) does not provide a unique solution. In this study, we propose to solve this limitation by including additional information given by a reference object with known attenuation placed outside the patient. Different configurations of the reference object were studied including geometry, material composition, and activity, and an optimal configuration was defined. In addition, this configuration was tested for different timing resolutions and noise levels.

Results
The proposed strategy was tested in 2D simulations obtained by forward projection of available PET/CT data and noise was included using Monte Carlo techniques. Obtained results suggest that the optimal configuration corresponds to a water cylinder inserted in the patient table and filled with activity. In that case, mean differences between reconstructed and true images were below 10%. However, better results can be obtained by increasing the activity of the reference object.

Conclusion
This study shows promising results that might allow to obtain an accurate attenuation map from pure TOF-PET data without prior knowledge obtained from CT, MRI, or transmission scans.
Electroencephalographic features in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease in China
Authors: Lu Jia , Xia Qing , Yang Tuanfeng , Qiang Jun , Liu Xianzeng , Ye Xun , Wang Rong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a relatively important and common disease, especially in East Asian children. There are few reports about EEG in children with MMD in China till now. This study is aimed to analyze the electroencephalographic features of MMD in pediatric patients in China preliminarily.MethodsPediatric patients with MMD who were hospitalized in Peking University International Hospital and Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were collected. Clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) findings were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 110 pediatric patients with MMD were involved, and 17 (15.5%) cases had a history of seizure or epilepsy. Ischemic stroke was associated with a 1.62-fold relative risk of seizure. A subset of 15 patients with complete EEG data was identified. Indications for EEG in patients with MMD included limb shaking, unilateral weakness, or generalized convulsion. Abnormal EEG was seen in 14 (93.3%) cases, with the most common findings being focal slowing 12 (80.0%), followed by epileptiform discharge 10 (66.7%), and diffuse slowing 9 (60.0%). “Re-build up” phenomenon on EEG was observed in one patient.ConclusionsSeizure and abnormal background activity or epileptiform discharge on EEG were common in pediatric patients with MMD. EEG may play a role in differential diagnosis among the transient neurological events in MMD such as transient ischemic attack and seizure.
Can we still ignore renal replacement therapy in sub-Saharan Africa? All living beings are created equal
Authors: Kobayashi Shuzo , Hidaka Sumi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis review addresses the social background and renal replacement therapy in the sub-Saharan African region. We also describe the hemodialysis treatment in countries that we have supported since 2008 and the renal transplant treatment in Tanzania that began in 2016. We have contributed dialysis treatment totally to 15 sub-Saharan African countries. Many patients suffering from chronic renal failure have been able to be treated by hemodialysis, and with this technique, lots of patients with acute kidney injury have also been rescued. In order to ensure the sustainability of dialysis treatment, clinical engineers in Japan should be needed because of the maintenance of dialysis machines and management of dialysate. Kidney transplantation would be the best method in renal replacement therapy. It would be also important to be able to perform transplant operation only by the local staff, to strengthen the examination system, and to foster transplant internists by further training. In this regard, our efforts surely made it possible that kidney transplant was conducted successfully in Tanzania.
Creating a Canadian Indigenous Research Network Against Cancer to Address Indigenous Cancer Disparities
Authors: Letendre Angeline , Garvey Gail , King Alexandra , King Malcolm , Crowshoe Reg , Bill Lea , Caron Nadine R. , Elias Brenda 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE In Canada, Indigenous peoples’ cancer rates have increased, but cancer screening rates tend to be lower. When coupled with poor cancer prognosis, treatment barriers, and inaccessible health care, Indigenous patients with cancer experience many unmet needs. Further complicating their journey is a multijurisdictional system that complicates cancer control services, treatments, patient supports, and cancer surveillance. To address these issues, the Canadian Indigenous Research Network Against Cancer (CIRNAC) was developed. This article describes the forerunners and consultative process that created the network and the consensus model developed to ground this network with, by, and for Indigenous peoples. METHODS A consultative workshop was held to (1) establish and increase network membership, (2) enhance partnerships with Indigenous communities and other researchers, and (3) develop an Indigenous-led research program, new funding, and related initiatives. RESULTS Participants viewed the CIRNAC as a reflective parallel network led by Indigenous peoples that would identify research priorities within Canada, assess how these priorities align with Indigenous patients’ cancer care and research needs, and cross-check to see if these priorities align with each other. The network would also advocate for Indigenous elders/knowledge holders and community grassroot processes to drive research and training, thus demonstrating the power of the community voice and lived experience in research. In addition, the network would foster research partnerships to investigate alternative Indigenous models for cancer prevention, care, treatment, and support. CONCLUSION The CIRNAC evolved as a viable vehicle to address cancer with, for, and by Indigenous peoples. The network is guided by a preamble, a set of aims, and an inclusion engagement circle model. It is evolving through major world initiatives, with the aim of formally becoming an internationally linked national network.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipid Metabolite Profiling of Acromegaly
Authors: Wang Meng , Guo Shizhe , He Min , Shao Xiaoqing , Feng Lei , Yu Yifei , Gong Wei , Liu Qingfeng , Melnikov Vladimir , Wang Xiaoxue , He Zhian , Jiang Lin , Chen Maohua , Sun Jun , Cai Jianyong , Zhao Yao , Li Yiming , Tritos Nicholas A , Hu Zhiyu , Zhang Zhaoyun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Context
Metabolic disorders, especially dysregulated lipid metabolism, increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality in acromegaly. Previous studies measuring plasma macromolecular lipids have yielded conflicting results.

Purpose
To explore the plasma lipid metabolite profiles by metabolomics analysis and identify potential metabolites associated with cardiac function in acromegaly.

Methods
Plasma was obtained from 80 newly diagnosed, untreated patients with acromegaly and 80 healthy controls. Echocardiography was performed. Based on the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), patients were categorized into 2 groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 28) and impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus (IGT/DM, n = 52). High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS)-based metabolomics analysis was conducted. Data were processed by principal components analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and MetaboAnalyst 4.0. Associations between metabolic substances and cardiovascular parameters were also explored.

Results
Metabolomics uncovered a distinct metabolic pattern between acromegaly and healthy controls, and perturbed pathways mainly include glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, as well as linoleic acid metabolism. Collective analysis showed that phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (22:6/16:0) was positively correlated with LV mass, while lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) (16:0) was positively correlated with fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF).

Conclusion
Patients with acromegaly have distinct lipid metabolite profiling, while PE (22:6/16:0) and LysoPC (16:0) are correlated with cardiac structure and function, which may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Role of GnRH Isoforms in Paracrine/Autocrine Control of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Spermatogenesis
Authors: Fallah Hamideh P , Rodrigues Maira S , Corchuelo Sheryll , Nóbrega Rafael H , Habibi Hamid R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It is well established that hypothalamic GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is one of the key peptides involved in the neuroendocrine control of testicular development and spermatogenesis. However, the role of GnRH as a paracrine regulator of testicular function has not been fully investigated. The present study demonstrates the presence of GnRH and its receptors in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) testis, and provides information on direct action of native GnRH isoforms (GnRH2 and GnRH3) on different stages of spermatogenesis in this model. Both GnRH2 and GnRH3 stimulated basal spermatogenesis by increasing numbers of type Aund spermatogonia, spermatozoa, and testosterone release, and in this study GnRH2 exerted higher relative activity than GnRH3. Next, we evaluated the effects of GnRH isoforms on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)- and follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh)-induced spermatogenesis. The 2 GnRH isoforms were found to have different effects on Fsh- and hCG-induced response depending on the stage of spermatogenesis and concentration of the peptides. The results provide strong support for the hypothesis that locally produced GnRH2 and GnRH3 are important components of the complex multifactorial system that regulates testicular germinal cell development and function in adult zebrafish.
FGF signaling directs myotube guidance by regulating Rac activity
Authors: Yang Shuo , Weske Allison , Du Yingqiu , Valera Juliana M. , Jones Kenneth L. , Johnson Aaron N. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Nascent myotubes undergo a dramatic morphological transformation during myogenesis, in which the myotubes elongate over several cell diameters and are directed to the correct muscle attachment sites. Although this process of myotube guidance is essential to pattern the musculoskeletal system, the mechanisms that control myotube guidance remain poorly understood. Using transcriptomics, we found that components of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling pathway were enriched in nascent myotubes in Drosophila embryos. Null mutations in the FGF receptor heartless (htl), or its ligands, caused significant myotube guidance defects. The FGF ligand Pyramus is expressed broadly in the ectoderm, and ectopic Pyramus expression disrupted muscle patterning. Mechanistically, Htl regulates the activity of Rho/Rac GTPases in nascent myotubes and effects changes in the actin cytoskeleton. FGF signals are thus essential regulators of myotube guidance that act through cytoskeletal regulatory proteins to pattern the musculoskeletal system.
Senescent mesenchymal stem cells remodel extracellular matrix driving breast cancer cells to a more-invasive phenotype
Authors: Ghosh Deepraj , Mejia Pena Carolina , Quach Nhat , Xuan Botai , Lee Amy H. , Dawson Michelle R. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential for the regenerative process; however, biological aging and environmental stress can induce senescence – an irreversible state of growth arrest – that not only affects the behavior of cells but also disrupts their ability to restore tissue integrity. While abnormal tissue properties, including increased extracellular matrix stiffness, are linked with the risk of developing breast cancer, the role and contribution of senescent MSCs to the disease progression to malignancy are not well understood. Here, we investigated senescence-associated biophysical changes in MSCs and how this influences cancer cell behavior in a 3D matrix interface model. Although senescent MSCs were far less motile than pre-senescent MSCs, they induced an invasive breast cancer phenotype, characterized by increased spheroid growth and cell invasion in collagen gels. Further analysis of collagen gels using second-harmonic generation showed increased collagen density when senescent MSCs were present, suggesting that senescent MSCs actively remodel the surrounding matrix. This study provides direct evidence of the pro-malignant effects of senescent MSCs in tumors.
Cooperative recruitment of Arl4A and Pak1 to the plasma membrane contributes to sustained Pak1 activation for cell migration
Authors: Chen Kuan-Jung , Chiang Tsai-Chen , Yu Chia-Jung , Lee Fang-Jen S. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Cell migration requires the coordination of multiple signaling pathways involved in membrane dynamics and cytoskeletal rearrangement. The Arf-like small GTPase Arl4A has been shown to modulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling. However, evidence of the function of Arl4A in cell migration is insufficient. Here, we report that Arl4A acts with the serine/threonine protein kinase Pak1 to modulate cell migration through their cooperative recruitment to the plasma membrane. We first observed that Arl4A and its isoform Arl4D interact with Pak1 and Pak2 and showed that Arl4A recruits Pak1 and Pak2 to the plasma membrane. The fibronectin-induced Pak1 localization at the plasma membrane is reduced in Arl4A-depleted cells. Unexpectedly, we found that Pak1, but not Arl4A-binding-defective Pak1, can recruit a cytoplasmic myristoylation-deficient Arl4A-G2A mutant to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we found that the Arl4A-Pak1 interaction, which is independent of Rac1 binding to Pak1, is required for Arl4A-induced cell migration. Thus, we infer that there is feedback regulation between Arl4A and Pak1, in which they mutually recruit each other to the plasma membrane for Pak1 activation, thereby modulating cell migration through direct interaction.
Sequence-dependent trafficking and activity of GDE2, a GPI-specific phospholipase promoting neuronal differentiation
Authors: Salgado-Polo Fernando , van Veen Michiel , van den Broek Bram , Jalink Kees , Leyton-Puig Daniela , Perrakis Anastassis , Moolenaar Wouter H. , Matas-Rico Elisa 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
GDE2 (also known as GDPD5) is a multispanning membrane phosphodiesterase with phospholipase D-like activity that cleaves select glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and thereby promotes neuronal differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. GDE2 is a prognostic marker in neuroblastoma, while loss of GDE2 leads to progressive neurodegeneration in mice; however, its regulation remains unclear. Here, we report that, in immature neuronal cells, GDE2 undergoes constitutive endocytosis and travels back along both fast and slow recycling routes. GDE2 trafficking is directed by C-terminal tail sequences that determine the ability of GDE2 to cleave GPI-anchored glypican-6 (GPC6) and induce a neuronal differentiation program. Specifically, we define a GDE2 truncation mutant that shows aberrant recycling and is dysfunctional, whereas a consecutive deletion results in cell-surface retention and gain of GDE2 function, thus uncovering distinctive regulatory sequences. Moreover, we identify a C-terminal leucine residue in a unique motif that is essential for GDE2 internalization. These findings establish a mechanistic link between GDE2 neuronal function and sequence-dependent trafficking, a crucial process gone awry in neurodegenerative diseases.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Karyopherin enrichment at the nuclear pore complex attenuates Ran permeability
Authors: Barbato Suncica , Kapinos Larisa E. , Rencurel Chantal , Lim Roderick Y. H. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Ran is a small GTPase whose nucleotide-bound forms cycle through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) to direct nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT). Generally, Ran guanosine triphosphate (RanGTP) binds cargo-carrying karyopherin receptors (Kaps) in the nucleus and releases them into the cytoplasm following hydrolysis to Ran guanosine diphosphate (RanGDP). This generates a remarkably steep Ran gradient across the nuclear envelope that sustains compartment-specific cargo delivery and accumulation. However, because NPCs are permeable to small molecules of comparable size, it is unclear how an uncontrolled mixing of RanGTP and RanGDP is prevented. Here, we find that an NPC-enriched pool of karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1, hereafter referred to as Kapβ1) selectively mediates Ran diffusion across the pore but not passive molecules of similar size (e.g. GFP). This is due to RanGTP having a stronger binding interaction with Kapβ1 than RanGDP. For this reason, the RanGDP importer, nuclear transport factor 2, facilitates the return of RanGDP into the nucleus following GTP hydrolysis. Accordingly, the enrichment of Kapβ1 at NPCs may function as a retention mechanism that preserves the sharp transition of RanGTP and RanGDP in the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively.
Tubulin polyglutamylation is a general traffic-control mechanism in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Bodakuntla Satish , Schnitzler Anne , Villablanca Cristopher , Gonzalez-Billault Christian , Bieche Ivan , Janke Carsten , Magiera Maria M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Neurons are highly complex cells that heavily rely on intracellular transport to distribute a range of functionally essential cargoes within the cell. Post-translational modifications of tubulin are emerging as mechanisms for regulating microtubule functions, but their impact on neuronal transport is only marginally understood. Here, we have systematically studied the impact of post-translational polyglutamylation on axonal transport. In cultured hippocampal neurons, deletion of a single deglutamylase, CCP1 (also known as AGTPBP1), is sufficient to induce abnormal accumulation of polyglutamylation, i.e. hyperglutamylation. We next investigated how hyperglutamylation affects axonal transport of a range of functionally different neuronal cargoes: mitochondria, lysosomes, LAMP1 endosomes and BDNF vesicles. Strikingly, we found a reduced motility for all these cargoes, suggesting that polyglutamylation could act as a regulator of cargo transport in neurons. This, together with the recent discovery that hyperglutamylation induces neurodegeneration, makes it likely that perturbed neuronal trafficking could be one of the central molecular causes underlying this novel type of degeneration.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.