bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication issues contributing to medication incidents: Mixed‐method analysis of hospitals’ incident reports using indicator phrases based on literature
Authors: Syyrilä Tiina , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri , Härkänen Marja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo identify the types and frequencies of communication issues (communication pairs, person related, institutional, structural, process and prescription‐related issues) detected in medication incident reports and to compare communication issues that caused moderate or serious harm to patients.BackgroundCommunication issues have been found to be among the main contributing factors of medication incidents, thus necessitating communication enhancement.DesignA sequential exploratory mixed‐method design.MethodsMedication incident reports from Finland (n = 500) for the year 2015 in which communication was marked as a contributing factor were used as the data source. Indicator phrases were used for searching communication issues from free texts of incident reports. The detected issues were analysed statistically, qualitatively and considering the harm caused to the patient. Citations from free texts were extracted as evidence of issues and were classified following main categories of indicator phrases. The EQUATOR’s SRQR checklist was followed in reporting.ResultsTwenty‐eight communication pairs were identified, with nurse–nurse (68.2%; n = 341), nurse–physician (41.6%; n = 208) and nurse–patient (9.6%; n = 48) pairs being the most frequent. Communication issues existed mostly within unit (76.6%, n = 383). The most commonly identified issues were digital communication (68.2%; n = 341), lack of communication within a team (39.6%; n = 198), false assumptions about work processes (25.6%; n = 128) and being unaware of guidelines (25.0%; n = 125). Collegial feedback and communication from patients and relatives were the preventing issues. Moderate harm cases were often linked with lack of communication within the unit, digital communication and not following guidelines.ConclusionsThe interventions should be prioritised to (a) enhancing communication about work‐processes, (b) verbal communication about digital prescriptions between professionals, (c) feedback among professionals and (f) encouraging patients to communicate about medication.Relevance to clinical practiceUpon identifying the most harmful and frequent communication issues, interventions to strengthen medication safety can be implemented.
Cash Flow News and Stock Price Dynamics
Authors: PETTENUZZO DAVIDE , SABBATUCCI RICCARDO , TIMMERMANN ALLAN 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWe develop a new approach to modeling dynamics in cash flows extracted from daily firm‐level dividend announcements. We decompose daily cash flow news into a persistent component, jumps, and temporary shocks. Empirically, we find that the persistent cash flow component is a highly significant predictor of future growth in dividends and consumption. Using a log‐linearized present value model, we show that news about the persistent dividend growth component predicts stock returns consistent with asset pricing constraints implied by this model. News about the daily dividend growth process also helps explain concurrent return volatility and the probability of jumps in stock returns.
Bile acids associate with specific gut microbiota, low‐level alcohol consumption and liver fibrosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Adams Leon A. , Wang Zhengyi , Liddle Chris , Melton Phillip E. , Ariff Amir , Chandraratna Harsha , Tan Jeremy , Ching Helena , Coulter Sally , de Boer Bastiaan , Christophersen Claus T. , O’Sullivan Therese A. , Morrison Mark , Jeffrey Gary P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundBile acids (BAs) are synthesized by the liver and modified by gut bacteria, and may play an intermediary role between the gut microbiome and liver in promoting fibrosis in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the associations between serum and faecal BAs, gut microbiome and fibrosis in patients with and without NAFLD and examined the impact of diet and alcohol consumption on these relationships.MethodsAdult patients (n = 122) underwent liver biopsy and BAs characterization by high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Gut microbiome composition was analysed using next‐generation 16S rRNA sequencing. Diet and alcohol intake were determined by 3‐day food diary.ResultsSerum and faecal BA concentrations increased progressively among non‐NAFLD controls (n = 55), NAFLD patients with no/mild fibrosis (F0‐2, n = 58) and NAFLD with advanced fibrosis (F3/4, n = 9). Progressive increases in serum BAs were driven by primary conjugated BAs including glycocholic acid [GCA] and secondary conjugated BAs. In contrast, faecal BA increase was driven by secondary unconjugated BAs (predominately deoxycholic acid [DCA]). Serum GCA levels and faecal DCA levels correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae, and stool secondary BAs with an unclassifiable family of the order Bacteroidales (Bacteroidales;other). These bacterial taxa were also associated with advanced fibrosis. Modest alcohol consumption was positively correlated with faecal DCA levels and relative abundance of Lachnospiracaea and Bacteroidales;other.ConclusionsHigher serum and faecal BA levels are associated with advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. Specific gut bacteria link alterations in BA profiles and advanced fibrosis, and may be influenced by low‐level alcohol consumption.
Research methods in articulatory phoneticsII: Studying other gestures and recent trends
Authors: Kochetov Alexei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article is Part II of a general overview of current methods in articulatory phonetics research (which also consists of Part I “Research methods in articulatory phonetics I: Introduction & studying oral gestures”). The article begins by examining methods employed by phoneticians to investigate laryngeal and nasal gestures—speech‐related configurations of the glottis and the lowering/raising the velum for nasal/oral consonants and vowels. This is done by reviewing the methods of electroglottography, endoscopy, photoglottography, and measurements of airflow and air pressure. The article further examines magnetic resonance imaging and radiography (X‐rays)—the methods employed to investigate the entire vocal tract. The review is concluded with the methods of video recording and optical tracking, as used to study manual gestures in speech and sign language. Each methodological section contains a review of relevant journal publications illustrating the application of the method, as well as references to further readings. The article concludes with an overview of current developments and trends in instrumental articulatory phonetics, and highlight issues requiring further research.
Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease‐2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies
Authors: Davanzo Riccardo , Moro Guido , Sandri Fabrizio , Agosti Massimo , Moretti Corrado , Mosca Fabio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe recent COVID‐19 pandemic has spread to Italy with heavy consequences on public health and economics. Besides the possible consequences of COVID‐19 infection on a pregnant woman and the fetus, a major concern is related to the potential effect on neonatal outcome, the appropriate management of the mother–newborn dyad, and finally the compatibility of maternal COVID‐19 infection with breastfeeding. The Italian Society on Neonatology (SIN) after reviewing the limited scientific knowledge on the compatibility of breastfeeding in the COVID‐19 mother and the available statements from Health Care Organizations has issued the following indications that have been endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies (UENPS). If a mother previously identified as COVID‐19 positive or under investigation for COVID‐19 is asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic at delivery, rooming‐in is feasible, and direct breastfeeding is advisable, under strict measures of infection control. On the contrary, when a mother with COVID‐19 is too sick to care for the newborn, the neonate will be managed separately and fed fresh expressed breast milk, with no need to pasteurize it, as human milk is not believed to be a vehicle of COVID‐19. We recognize that this guidance might be subject to change in the future when further knowledge will be acquired about the COVID‐19 pandemic, the perinatal transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2, and clinical characteristics of cases of neonatal COVID‐19.
Ecological and evolutionary drivers of haemoplasma infection and bacterial genotype sharing in a Neotropical bat community
Authors: Becker Daniel J. , Speer Kelly A. , Brown Alexis M. , Fenton M. Brock , Washburne Alex D. , Altizer Sonia , Streicker Daniel G. , Plowright Raina K. , Chizhikov Vladimir E. , Simmons Nancy B. , Volokhov Dmitriy V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost emerging pathogens can infect multiple species, underlining the importance of understanding the ecological and evolutionary factors that allow some hosts to harbour greater infection prevalence and share pathogens with other species. However, our understanding of pathogen jumps is based primarily around viruses, despite bacteria accounting for the greatest proportion of zoonoses. Because bacterial pathogens in bats (order Chiroptera) can have conservation and human health consequences, studies that examine the ecological and evolutionary drivers of bacterial prevalence and barriers to pathogen sharing are crucially needed. Here were studied haemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (i.e., haemoplasmas) across a species‐rich bat community in Belize over two years. Across 469 bats spanning 33 species, half of individuals and two‐thirds of species were haemoplasma positive. Infection prevalence was higher for males and for species with larger body mass and colony sizes. Haemoplasmas displayed high genetic diversity (21 novel genotypes) and strong host specificity. Evolutionary patterns supported codivergence of bats and bacterial genotypes alongside phylogenetically constrained host shifts. Bat species centrality to the network of shared haemoplasma genotypes was phylogenetically clustered and unrelated to prevalence, further suggesting rare—but detectable—bacterial sharing between species. Our study highlights the importance of using fine phylogenetic scales when assessing host specificity and suggests phylogenetic similarity may play a key role in host shifts not only for viruses but also for bacteria. Such work more broadly contributes to increasing efforts to understand cross‐species transmission and the epidemiological consequences of bacterial pathogens.
Fungal communities differentially respond to warming and drought in tropical grassland soil
Authors: de Oliveira Tássio Brito , de Lucas Rosymar Coutinho , Scarcella Ana Silvia de Almeida , Contato Alex Graça , Pasin Thiago Machado , Martinez Carlos Alberto , Polizeli Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractClimate change is predicted to cause more extreme events, such as heatwaves, and different precipitation patterns. The effects of warming and short‐term drought on soil microbial communities, in particular fungal communities, remain largely unexplored under field conditions. Here, we evaluated how the fungal community of a tropical grassland soil responds to these changes. A field experiment was carried out in a temperature free‐air controlled enhancement (T‐FACE) facility in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The isolated and combined effects of drought and a 2°C increase in temperature were investigated. Based on metabarcoding of the ITS2 region, a total of 771 operational taxonomic units were observed. While warming affected the community structure, drought affected the alpha diversity, and the interaction between warming and drought affected both diversity and structure. The change in community composition driven by warming affected only the less abundant species (>1% of the total sequences). The aspect of the fungal communities that was most affected was diversity, which was increased by drought (p < .05), mostly by reducing the dominance of a single species, as observed in the watered plots. In a phylogenetic context, some fungal taxa were favoured by changes in temperature (Hypocreales) and drought (Sordariales) or disadvantaged by both (Pleosporales). It was of note that a water deficit increased the abundance of phytopathogenic fungi, such as Curvularia, Thielavia and Fusarium species. Overall, our results provide evidence that fungal communities in tropical grassland soils have greater sensitivity to drought than to temperature, which might increase the incidence of certain soil‐borne diseases.
Multifunctionality of biocrusts is positively predicted by network topologies consistent with interspecies facilitation
Authors: Li Hua , Huo Da , Wang Weibo , Chen Youxin , Cheng Xiaoli , Yu Gongliang , Li Renhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe potential of biodiversity loss to impair the delivery of ecosystem services has motived ecologists to better understand the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Although increasing evidence underlines the collective contribution of different biodiversity components on the simultaneous performance of multiple functions (multifunctionality), we know little about the trade‐offs between individual diversity effects and the extent to which they determine multifunctionality differentially. Here, at a subcontinental scale of 62 dryland sites, we show in phototrophic microbiota of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) that, whereas richness alone is unable to guarantee the maxima of multifunctional performance, interspecies facilitation and compositional identity are particularly stronger but often neglected predictors. The inconsistent effects of different biodiversity components imply that soil multifunctionality can be lost despite certain species remaining present. Moreover, we reveal a significant empirical association between species functional importance and its topological feature in co‐occurrence networks, indicating a functional signal of species interaction. Nevertheless, abundant species tend to isolate and merely interact within small topological structures, but rare species were tightly connected in complicated network modules. Our findings suggest that abundant and rare species of soil phototrophs exhibit distinct functional relevance. These results give a comprehensive view of how soil constructive species drive multifunctionality in biocrusts and ultimately promote a deeper understanding of the consequences of biodiversity loss in real‐world ecosystems.
Wax biosynthesis in response to danger: its regulation upon abiotic and biotic stress
Authors: Lewandowska Milena , Keyl Alisa , Feussner Ivo 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe plant cuticle is the first physical barrier between land plants and their terrestrial environment. It consists of the polyester scaffold cutin embedded and sealed with organic, solvent‐extractable cuticular waxes. Cuticular wax ultrastructure and chemical composition differ with plant species, developmental stage and physiological state. Despite this complexity, cuticular wax consistently serves a critical role in restricting nonstomatal water loss. It also protects the plant against other environmental stresses, including desiccation, UV radiation, microorganisms and insects. Within the broader context of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, our knowledge of the explicit roles of wax crystalline structures and chemical compounds is lacking. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of wax biosynthesis and regulation in relation to abiotic and biotic stresses and stress responses.
A sex‐balanced rodent model for evaluating phosphine inhalation toxicity
Authors: Tuet Wing Y. , Racine Michelle C. , Jennings Laura , Pierce Samuel A. , Tressler Justin , McCranor Bryan J. , Wong Benjamin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExposure to phosphine (PH3), a common grain fumigant, is characterized by diverse nonspecific symptoms and a high mortality rate. Although PH3 poisoning is thought to target oxidative respiration, the exact mechanism of action remains largely unknown, resulting in limited treatment options. In our study, the effects of PH3 on female rats were assessed to elucidate potential sex‐specific differences and obtain a more comprehensive understanding of PH3 toxicity. Lethality, physiology, and behavior were evaluated in female rats exposed to gaseous PH3 (13,200–26,400 ppm × min), and results were compared with corresponding findings in male rats. Median lethal concentration‐time (LCt50) and time of death (tTOD) did not differ significantly between the sexes. Cardiopulmonary changes induced by PH3 were also of comparable magnitude, although temporally, respiratory responses occurred earlier and cardiovascular variations manifested later in female rats. Behavioral observations corroborated physiological findings and indicated a response to hypoxic conditions and low cardiac output. Together, these results provided insights on the toxic mechanisms of PH3, in particular, its potential interference with oxygen transport and circulation.
Why are the Elemental Nonmetals (F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, S8, P4) of so Many Hues or of Any Hues and Where is the Chromophore? Insight into Intera‐X–X Bonds
Authors: Jabeen Shakeela , Greer Alexander , Edwards Kathleen F. , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA unique approach is used to relate the HOMO‐LUMO energy difference to the difference between the ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) to assist in deducing not only the colors, but also chromophores in elemental nonmetals. Our analysis focuses on compounds with lone pair electrons and σ electrons, namely X2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I), S8 and P4. For the dihalogens, the [IP – EA] energies are found to be: F2 (12.58 eV), Cl2 (8.98 eV), Br2 (7.90 eV), I2 (6.78 eV). We suggest that the interahalogen X–X bond itself is the chromophore for these dihalogens, in which the light absorbed by the F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 leads to longer wavelengths in the visible by a π → σ* transition. Trace impurities are a likely case of cyclic S8 which contains amounts of selenium leading to a yellow color, where the [IP – EA] energy of S8 is found to be 7.02 eV. Elemental P4 with an [IP – EA] energy of 9.09 eV contains a tetrahedral and σ aromatic structure. In future work, refinement of the analysis will be required for compounds with π electrons and σ electrons, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Significance?... Significance! Empirical, methodological, and theoretical connections between the late positive potential and P300 as neural responses to stimulus significance: An integrative review
Authors: Hajcak Greg , Foti Dan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEvent‐related potential studies of emotional processing have focused on the late positive potential (LPP), a sustained positive deflection in the ERP that is increased for emotionally arousing stimuli. A prominent theory suggests that modulation of the LPP is a response to stimulus significance, defined in terms of the activation of appetitive and aversive motivational systems. The current review incorporates experimental studies showing that manipulations that alter the significance of stimuli alter LPP amplitude. Complementing these within‐person studies, also included is individual differences research on depression wherein the LPP has been used to study reduced neural sensitivity to emotional stimuli. Finally, the current review builds an existing framework that the LPP observed in studies in emotional processing and the P300 observed in classic oddball studies may reflect a common response to stimulus significance. This integrative account has implications for the functional interpretation of these ERPs, their neurobiological mechanisms, and clinical applications.
Acute effects of breaking up prolonged sedentary time on cardiovascular disease risk markers in adults with paraplegia
Authors: Bailey Daniel P. , Withers Thomas M. , Goosey‐Tolfrey Vicky L. , Dunstan David W. , Leicht Christof A. , Champion Rachael B. , Charlett Opie P. , Ferrandino Louise 
Published: April 2020

Elevated levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers are highly prevalent in people with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Breaking up prolonged sedentary time with short, regular bouts of physical activity can reduce postprandial glucose and lipid levels in able‐bodied individuals. The effects in people with paraplegia are unknown. The study aims were to examine the acute postprandial glucose (primary aim), lipid, blood pressure, and psychological responses (secondary aims) to breaking up prolonged sedentary time in individuals with paraplegia. This was a randomized crossover design trial. Fourteen participants with paraplegia (age 51 ± 9 years, trunk fat mass 44.3 ± 7.7%) took part in the following two, 5.5‐hour conditions: (1) uninterrupted sedentary time (SED), and (2) sedentary time interrupted with 2 minutes of moderate‐intensity arm crank ergometer physical activity every 20 minutes (SED‐ACT). Standardized breakfast and lunch test meals were consumed during each condition. The outcomes were compared between conditions using linear mixed models. Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was significantly lower during the lunch postprandial period in SED‐ACT vs SED (incremental AUC 1.9 [95% CI 1.0, 2.7) and 3.0 [2.1, 3.9] mmol/L∙2.5 hour, respectively,P = .015,f = 0.34). There were no differences between conditions for the breakfast or total 5.5 hours postprandial periods (P > .05). Positive affect was higher in SED‐ACT than SED (P = .001). Breaking up prolonged sedentary time acutely attenuates lunch postprandial glucose and improves positive affect in people with paraplegia. This may have clinical relevance for reducing CVD risk and improving psychological well‐being in this population.
Self‐Efficacy: Changing the Tide of Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Boswell Carol , Ashcraft Alyce , Long JoAnn , Cannon Sharon , DiVito‐Thomas Pam , Delaney Terry 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsThe specific aim for this study was to describe differences in evidence‐based practice (EBP) and self‐efficacy in frontline RNs. This project utilized a national study with a convenience selection of acute care agencies to examine the relationship between organizational and unit culture, EBP, and self‐efficacy in frontline nurses.MethodsThis national study used descriptive correlational methodology to describe differences in EBP and self‐efficacy among RNs. The sample included 245 frontline RNs employed in acute care settings. To measure the study variables, the Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice Survey (Titler, Hill, Matthews, & Reed, 1999) and the Evidence‐Based Nursing Practice Self‐Efficacy Scale were used (Tucker, Olson, & Frusti, 2009). Each instrument was delivered via the Qualtrics online platform.ResultsThe correlation of bivariate interval level variables was analyzed using Pearson’s r. The correlation between EBP and self‐efficacy was strongly correlated: r(170) = .537, p = .01. Sections within the Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice Survey were calculated and found to be significant (unit culture r = .241, p = .01; organizational culture r = .570, p = .01; knowledge, skills, attitude r = .538, p = .01).Linking Evidence to ActionSeveral implications exist for education, staff development, and nursing management. Nursing school programs incorporate EBP into the curriculum so that nurses have a foundation for EBP. However, staff development professionals in clinical settings must continue to build on the nurses’ knowledge and skill, thus increasing self‐confidence for EBP. Nursing management can provide the resources for staffing models and policies to reinforce the value of EBP and positive patient outcomes. This combination provides frontline staff with EBP participation and increased self‐efficacy in its usage.