bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Consuming Catha Edulis Forsk (khat)on the Gene Manifestation of CHRM1 and CHRM3 in relation to Salivary Glands, Saliva Flow Rates, pH and Dental Caries in Yemeni Consumers
Authors: Alshahrani Sawsan Abdullah , Almufareh Nawaf Abdulrahman , Almarshady Bandary , Alotaibi Rasil Khaled , Al-Qahtani Wedad Saeed 
Published: October 2020

Background:The current study has been conducted to estimate the impact of Catha Edulis Forsk (simply known as khat) on pH and saliva flow rate in teeth unaffected by caries among patients from Arab, Yemen, consuming the plant. The goal was to evaluate the relation of these indicators with gene manifestation ofCHRM1andCHRM3,which contributes to the regulation of saliva secretions.Methods:Overall, 60 respondents aged between 27 and 54 years were selected for the research. They were distributed among two groups, group I and group II, including 30 respondents equally. Group I incorporated respondents consuming no khat, having teeth caries, adequate saliva flow, and generally, healthy oral cavity. In turn, group II incorporated respondents consuming khat having caries-free teeth, inadequate saliva flow and relatively unhealthy oral cavity. Saliva samples were taken from all respondents. They were analyzed for indicators of flow rate as well as pH of saliva. Salivary gland biopsy specimens have also been taken. The whole RNA was allocated, cDNA synthesized and reinforced to estimate the gene manifestation ofCHRM1andCHRM3.Results:A considerable rise in the mean salivary flow rate along with a drastic decline in the mean salivary pH within caries-free teeth among the respondents consuming khat was observed during the study. The mRNA expressionsCHRM1andCHRM3were significantly increased among participants consuming khat. Results were contrasted to the control group of patients not consuming khat.Conclusion:The characteristics of salivary flow rate, pH, and caries-free teeth have been related to the gene manifestations ofCHRM1andCHRM3in respondents consuming khat.
Ionic Liquid Catalyzed Efficient Regioselective Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles Under Metal and Solvent Free Conditions
Authors: Banday Abid H. , Hruby Victor J. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Catalyzed organic reactions avoiding the use of metal salts, metal complexes
and organometallic compounds have tremendous applications especially within sensitive biological
systems. The current work is an effort towards metal and solvent-free organo-catalyzed reactions.

Objective:
Unprecedented, one-pot regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles
through azide-aldehyde (3+2) organo-click cycloaddition under metal and solvent-free conditions
is described.

Methods:
The method presents a convenient approach towards the synthesis of functionally versatile
1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from easily accessible substrates using recyclable 1,8-diazabicyclo[
5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU)-based ionic liquids as catalysts.

Results:
1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were obtained in moderate to excellent yield using azidealdehyde
(3+2) organo-click cycloaddition under metal and solvent-free conditions.

Conclusion:
The procedure reported herein for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles is
straightforward, greener, devoid of tedious workups and chromatographic separation.
A Data Visualization and Dissemination Resource to Support HIV Prevention and Care at the Local Level: Analysis and Uses of the AIDSVu Public Data Resource
Authors: Sullivan Patrick Sean , Woodyatt Cory , Koski Chelsea , Pembleton Elizabeth , McGuinness Pema , Taussig Jennifer , Ricca Alexandra , Luisi Nicole , Mokotoff Eve , Benbow Nanette , Castel Amanda D , Do Ann N , Valdiserri Ronald O , Bradley Heather , Jaggi Chandni , O'Farrell Daniel , Filipowicz Rebecca , Siegler Aaron J , Curran James , Sanchez Travis H 
Published: October 2020

Background
AIDSVu is a public resource for visualizing HIV surveillance data and other population-based information relevant to HIV prevention, care, policy, and impact assessment.

Objective
The site, AIDSVu.org, aims to make data about the US HIV epidemic widely available, easily accessible, and locally relevant to inform public health decision making.

Methods
AIDSVu develops visualizations, maps, and downloadable datasets using results from HIV surveillance systems, other population-based sources of information (eg, US Census and national probability surveys), and other data developed specifically for display and dissemination through the website (eg, pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP] prescriptions). Other types of content are developed to translate surveillance data into summarized content for diverse audiences using infographic panels, interactive maps, local and state fact sheets, and narrative blog posts.

Results
Over 10 years, AIDSVu.org has used an expanded number of data sources and has progressively provided HIV surveillance and related data at finer geographic levels, with current data resources providing HIV prevalence data down to the census tract level in many of the largest US cities. Data are available at the county level in 48 US states and at the ZIP Code level in more than 50 US cities. In 2019, over 500,000 unique users consumed AIDSVu data and resources, and HIV-related data and insights were disseminated through nearly 4,000,000 social media posts. Since AIDSVu’s inception, at least 249 peer-reviewed publications have used AIDSVu data for analyses or referenced AIDSVu resources. Data uses have included targeting of HIV testing programs, identifying areas with inequitable PrEP uptake, including maps and data in academic and community grant applications, and strategically selecting locations for new HIV treatment and care facilities to serve high-need areas.

Conclusions
Surveillance data should be actively used to guide and evaluate public health programs; AIDSVu translates high-quality, population-based data about the US HIV epidemic and makes that information available in formats that are not consistently available in surveillance reports. Bringing public health surveillance data to an online resource is a democratization of data, and presenting information about the HIV epidemic in more visual formats allows diverse stakeholders to engage with, understand, and use these important public health data to inform public health decision making.
Labour Potential of the Arctic Regions of the European Russia
Authors: Shamakhov V. A. , Mezhevich N. M. , Romashkina Yu. V. , Tishkov S. V. 
Published: October 2020

The work considered the possibilities and directions of evolution of demographic development of the Arctic region, analyzed some characteristics of the labor potential of the population living in the Arctic regions of the European part of Russia.The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of attracting the local population and the need to employment specialists from other regions of Russia for the development of the Arctic.To achieve the goal of the study, general scientifi methods were used — the collection and analysis of data from state statistics and sample surveys. The use of a systematic approach made it possible to comprehensively assess the situation on the territory under study and substantiate the possibilities for its development.Analysis of the quantitative characteristics of the labor potential of the studied regions showed a stable negative dynamics throughout the post-Soviet period. A number of reasons have been identifi that contribute to the outfl of population from the Arctic regions, the most important of which are the low standard of living compared to the Russian average, as well as the ineff functioning of the mechanisms of northern guarantees and compensation. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of labor potential, in particular, the level of education of the population can be increased due to the existing educational potential of neighboring regions.Conclusions about the need to attract people from the regions of the middle zone of Russia for the Arctic are made.
Pencemaran Nama Baik dalam Perspektif Linguistik Forensik
Authors: Nasution Hasnawati 
Published: October 2020

This paper examines two uploads on social media whose alleged sentences contain elements of defamation. The method used in this study is qualitative, i.e., describing data to determine the elements that can defame someone. Determination of these elements requires forensic linguistic analysis that is using linguistic evidence in law enforcement efforts. This evidence can be analyzed using lexical, grammatical and pragmatic semantic studies that are part of forensic linguistic studies. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that from the lexical semantic perspective, the word used in the uploaded sentence has a negative denotation meaning. Based on the grammatical semantic analysis the sentence means demeaning a group of people. Pragmatically, not being said by the uploader is an expressive illocutionary act, which is an expression of disappointment and anger. In addition, the sentence uploaded to the account is also provocative, namely inviting the public to follow the uploader's opinion. Expressive illocutionary acts lead to acts of perlocution on the speech partners mentioned in the sentence. The act of occlusion is in the form of anger from community groups or individuals referred to in uploads. AbstrakMakalah ini mengkaji dua unggahan di media sosial yang diduga kalimatnya mengandung unsur pencemaran nama baik. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, yakni mendekripsikan data untuk menentukan unsur-unsur yang dapat mencemarkan nama baik seseorang. Penentuan unsur tersebut memerlukan analisis linguisik forensik yakni menggunakan bukti kebahasaan dalam upaya penegakan hukum. Bukti tersebut dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan kajian semantik leksikal, semantik gramatikal, dan pragmatik yang merupakan bagian dari kajian linguistik forensik. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dari sudut pandang semantik leksikal, kata yang digunakan pada kalimat yang diunggah tersebut memiliki makna denotasi yang negatif. Berdasarkan analisis semantik gramatikal kalimat tersebut bermakna merendahkan sekelompok masyarakat. Secara pragmatik, tidak tutur yang dilakukan oleh penggunggah adalah tindak ilokusi ekspresif, yakni ekspresi kekecewaan dan kemarahan. Selain itu, kalimat yang diunggah pada akun tersebut juga bersifat provokatif, yakni mengajak masyarakat mengikuti pendapat si pengunggah. Tindak ilokusi ekspresif menimbulkan tindak perlokusi pada mitra tutur yang disebut dalam kalimat tersebut. Tindak perlokusi itu berupa kemarahan kelompok masyarakat atau individu yang disebut di dalam unggahan.
Simbolisme Tokoh-Tokoh Pada Cerpen “Godlob” Karya Danarto: Kajian Semiotik
Authors: Andi Ramlan 
Published: October 2020

“Godlob” is one of Danarto's realist short stories, which is very unique in the development of conflicts among the characters. This research would like to reveal the symbolism aspect which presented through the characters in the texts. The writer used a semiotic study to reveal hidden messages from the author. The symbols revealed in the story are the existence of the state that implies from the character of father. Furthermore, the symbol of citizen reflected in a figure of a child. Sometimes, a powerless citizen and a child have the same situation; oppressors are persecuting them. Finally, the figure of mother reveals the existence of ideological symbols. It is shown by interpreting her decision in fighting her principle against the domination of patriarchal power of this country. Based on the data, the character of the woman became a symbolic representation of feminism ideology. Abstrak“Godlob” merupakan salah satu cerpen realis karya Danarto yang sangat unik dalam pembangunan konflik antartokoh di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap simbolisme yang dihadirkan oleh para tokoh. Penulis menggunakan kajian semiotik dalam membedah pesan tersembunyi pengarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa simbol-simbol yang diungkap menunjukan adanya relasi kuasa negara yang tepersonifikasi melalui sifat-sifat yang melekat pada tokoh ayah. Selanjutnya, simbol yang terungkap pada tokoh anak adalah sebuah representasi rakyat kecil atau warga negara yang tidak berdaya. Dalam realitas kehidupan, kedua hal tersebut terkadang memiliki nasib yang sama, yaitu menjadi kaum yang teraniaya. Terakhir, tokoh ibu dalam cerita mengungkap adanya simbol-simbol ideologi. Perlawanan yang dilakukan tokoh ibu terhadap suaminya merupakan anomali bagi tradisi budaya keluarga di Indonesia. Sikap egaliter yang ditunjukan berupa berani membunuh suami merupakan wujud perlawananan yang luar biasa terhadap dominasi kekuasan patriarki. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, tokoh perempuan menjadi representasi simbol ideologi feminisme.
Nilai-Nilai Edukatif dalam Cerpen Pilihan Perhutani Green Pen Award 2014 Nyanyian Meranti Merah
Authors: Noviana Mega 
Published: October 2020

The problem studied in this research is educative values in short story choices of perhutani’s green pen award entitled Nyanyian Meranti Merah. This research aimed to identify and describe the educative values in short story choices of perhutani’s green pen award entitled Nyanyian Meranti Merah. Research method used in this research is qualitative descriptive. The source of data in this research is short story choices of perhutani’s green pen award entitled Nyanyian Meranti Merah. Based on the analysis of data shows the short story choices of perhutani’s green pen award 2014 entitled Nyanyian Meranti Merah is full of educative values. The topic that appears in that short story is the forest and the environment. Short story choice of perhutani’s green pen award 2014 entitled Nyanyian Meranti Merah can be used as learning refrences. AbstrakPermasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai edukatif dalam cerpen pilihan Perhutani Green Pen Award 2014 Nyanyian Meranti Merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan nilai edukatif yang terdapat dalam cerpen pilihan Perhutani Green Pen Award 2014 Nyanyian Meranti Merah. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka (dokumentasi). Sumber data penelitian ini adalah cerpen pilihan Perhutani Green Pen Award 2014 Nyanyian Meranti Merah. Berdasarkan analisis data menunjukkan bahwa cerpen pilihan Perhutani Green Pen Award 2014 Nyanyian Meranti Merah sarat dengan muatan nilai-nilai edukatif. Tema yang muncul dalam cerpen tersebut adalah hutan dan lingkungan. Cerpen pilihan Perhutani Green Pen Award 2014 Nyanyian Meranti Merah dapat digunakan sebagai referensi pembelajaran
KESALAHAN BERBAHASA DALAM SURAT DINAS INSTANSI PEMERINTAHAN DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Zawarnis Yulfi 
Published: October 2020

Official texts issued by government agencies still do not pay attention to the use of Indonesian language that is good and right. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an in depth study related to errors contained in the official document issued by certain agencies. The purpose of this study is to describe the errors in the use of language in official documents issued by government agencies in South Lampung Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative.The results of the analysis showed that all data analyzed contained elements of language errors. Errors encountered include spelling, form and choice of words, and sentence structure. AbstrakNaskah dinas yang dikeluarkan oleh instansi pemerintah masih belum memperhatikan penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian mendalam terkait kesalahan-kesalahan yang terdapat dalam naskah dinas yang dikeluarkan oleh instansi tertentu. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendeskripsikan kesalahan penggunaan bahasa dalam naskah dinas yang dikeluarkan oleh instansi pemerintah di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa seluruh data yang dianalisis mengandung unsur kesalahan berbahasa. Kesalahan yang ditemui berupa kesalahan ejaan, bentuk dan pilihan kata, serta struktur kalimat.
AWARENESS OF E-LEARNING AMONG PROSPECTIVE TEACHER EDUCATORS (M.Ed. SCHOLARS)
Authors: C.Shankar  
Published: October 2020

Prospective Teacher Educators (M.Ed scholars) using e-learning is more crucial than acquiring a large number of computers. Prospective teacher educators have to be trained to facilitate the learning process, make the process real, achievable, challenging, yet exciting and not intimidating. Everything need not be written on the blackboard to be considered as taught. Prospective teacher educators think that the computer is used only to make the content look attractive. They need to know that in 21st century, information is not difficult access, instead organizing, sharing, and collaborating become essential skills. The present generation is a multimedia generation. They are numbed by too much of information and easy access to that information. The information that is given in the classroom is redundant and presented in boring manner. They show so much of the present and the past far and wide that one seems to learn unknowingly. So a study is intended to study about the level of awareness of e-learning among prospective teacher educators. The investigator selected normative methodology and survey technique for the present study based on the problem selected. For that a sample of 306 number of prospective teacher educators was selected for the present study. Descriptive and inferential techniques were used for the present study. It was found that the level of awareness of e-learning of prospective teacher educators was average. Independent variables like gender, nature of subject has significant influence on the awareness of prospective teacher educators. Other independent variables like medium of instruction, educational qualification, marital status, location and type of family has least significant influence over the awareness of e-learning among prospective teacher educators. So it is necessary to revamp the existing policies to improve e-learning among the prospective teacher educators during their pre-service training programme.
AN ANALYSIS OF NOUNS AND VERBS USED IN SELECTED ONLINE FABLES
Authors: Rueangsanam Sunant , Dennis Nutprapha K. 
Published: October 2020

This study analyzed parts of speech found in forty Aesop’s fables with specific attention to the categories and frequencies of nouns and verbs used. This study aimed to analyze the most used of nouns and verbs in the stories. The material used in the forty selected Aesop’s fable from the website entitled http://www.bbc.co.uk. An analysis of the types of words was done using the program entitled https://open.xerox.com as an instrument for collecting data. The statistics used in data collection was percentage. The results of the study showed that there were two types of nouns and two types of verb in the selected Aesop fables. “Common Nouns” was the most commonly used with a frequency of 95.47%, and “action verbs” were the most commonly used with a frequency of 83.62%. Furthermore, “gerund” was also found in these Aesop fables. Comprehending types of words will help strengthen reading efficiency, reduce confusion of words usage as well as for readers to fully enjoy reading.
As trajetórias de formação de professores no município de Naviraí (1960 – 2012)
Authors: Montiel Larissa Wayhs Trien , Silva Luciene Clea da , Faria Adriana Horta de , Rodrigues Giseli Tavares de Souza 
Published: October 2020

A finalidade do estudo foi caracterizar a trajetória de formação de professores do município de Naviraí/MS entre os anos de 1960 a 2012. A fim de compreender aspectos acerca da história da formação docente no Brasil, pontuando questões sobre a formação de professores em Mato Grosso uno e constatar o processo vivido pelos professores que iniciaram suas carreiras como professores leigos e foram em busca da habilitação para o magistério e a conquista da formação em nível superior. Optamos por discutir e apresentar a formação docente por meio dos relatos orais da história vivida pelos professores. Para tanto, adotamos como proposta metodológica a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas embasadas na História Oral Temática. Os relatos esclarecem que a formação, durante a sua trajetória profissional em projetos de formação ou cursos ofertados pelo Ministério da Educação, possibilitaram aperfeiçoamento profissional e a continuidade da atuação desses professores. E houve uma tentativa de firmar posições de poder em novas configurações que se ajustam aos contextos sociais organizados. Assim, coube aos professores buscar a formação superior para garantir o status de poder enquanto profissionais da educação e o respeito pelos seus pares.
Typical Mistakes in Forensic Examinations on Disputes Related to Child-Rearing
Authors: Vaske E. V. , Safuanov F. S. , Sekerazh T. N. 
Published: October 2020

The article analyses errors when appointing and conducting a forensic examination of disputes related to children’s upbringing. When summarizing expert practice in this category of civil cases (based on the study of 97 expert opinions on forensic psychological examination), the most significant errors were identified: incorrect determination of the type of expertise (including the appointment of psychological and pedagogical expertise which does not have a methodological basis as forensic examination), non-compliance with the qualification requirements to a forensic expert and, as a result, the introduction of an improper subject of forensic expert activity into the judicial process, an expert’s going beyond the limits of specialized knowledge and procedural powers, the incompleteness of research, the use of invalid research methods and techniques, and other methodological violations, associated with the incorrect assessment of the results of psychological diagnostics, inaccurate phenomenological analysis of essential phenomena of child-parent relations.Considering that due to the facts to be proved are essential for deciding on a case, the expert’s opinion is of particular importance and can significantly affect the formation of the court’s inner conviction, which means that expert errors significantly increase the risk of judicial errors. The article substantiates the urgent necessity of the early enactment of a legal act regulating experts’ responsibility for the level of their qualifications and setting professional requirements to experts.