bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal lesions of the corticospinal tract demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging in patients with diffuse axonal injury
Authors: Ahn Young Hwan , Kim Seong Ho , Han Bong Soo , Kim Oh Lyong , Ahn Sang Ho , Cho Yoon Woo , Kwon Yong-Hyun , Jang Sung Ho 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with fiber tractography (FT) could be useful for exploration of the state of the corticospinal tract (CST) at the subcortical white matter level. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate focal lesions of the CST in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI), using DTI with FT. Design: Two patients with DAI and six normal control subjects were recruited to this study. DTI was performed using 1.5-T with a synergy-L Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE) head coil. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were measured using a region of interest (ROI) method. FTs were obtained with FA <0.3 and an angle change >45° as termination criteria. Results: On the DTI with FT, the focal lesions, which could not observed using routine brain MRI, were detected in the left brainstem of patient 1 and in the right pons and the left and right medulla of patient 2. The patients showed significantly decreased FA values in the focal lesions compared to normal controls. Conclusions: DTI with FT demonstrated focal lesions at the brainstem that had not been revealed by conventional brain MRI; these focal lesions explained the weaknesses of the patients. We conclude that DTI with FT may be a useful modality for use in investigating the status of CST in patients with DAI.
Virtual reality training for stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Lam Yat San , Man David W.K. , Tam Sing Fai , Weiss Patrice L. 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a 2-D virtual reality (2DVR) programme in the training of people with stroke on how to access and use the station facilities of the Mass Transit Railway (MTR). Method: A flat-screen 2DVR based training programme and a corresponding, typical psycho-educational programme with video modelling were developed for comparison through a research design that involved a randomised control group pre-test and post-test. Results: Twenty and sixteen subjects respectively received 10 training sessions using the 2DVR strategy and a video-based psycho-educational programme. An additional 22 subjects formed the control group. They were assessed by using a behavioural checklist of MTR skills and a newly validated MTR self-efficacy scale. The subjects of both training groups showed a significant improvement in their knowledge, skills and self-efficacy in using the MTR ( p < 0.01), whereas, the MTR skills and self-efficacy of the control group remained stable over a four-week interval. Conclusion: Though both training programmes were effective in training the patients with stroke, they demonstrated differential improvements in MTR skills and related self-efficacy. Additional studies are recommended to identify the most effective training procedures for maintaining these skills and the best transfer ratio in the training of VR-based community living skills of people with stroke.
The influence of autonomic impairment on aerobic exercise outcome in stroke patients
Authors: Katz-Leurer Michal , Shochina Mara 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To investigate whether autonomic impairment post stroke modifies the influence of early aerobic training in relation to resting heart rate, peak workload and walking performance at the subacute stage post event. Methods: Sixty-four patients after a first ischemic stroke were included and randomly assigned either to an aerobic training or to a control group. The training period lasted 8 weeks. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, aerobic and functional abilities were measured. Results: Early aerobic exercise significantly improved endurance and walking performance in stroke patients (p < 0.05). A significant association was found between the HRV parameters two weeks post event and heart rate at rest and peak workload at the beginning of the program. No significant interaction effects between autonomic impairment and training on outcome measures were found. Conclusion: Early aerobic training resulted in positive effects on peak workload and walking parameters in stroke patients. No modification effect was found between HRV parameters and exercise on those parameters.
Degeneration speed of corticospinal tract in patients with cerebral infarct
Authors: Kim Dong Gyu , Ahn Young Hwan , Byun Woo Mok , Kim Tae Gun , Yang Dong Suk , Ahn Sang Ho , Cho Yoon Woo , Jang Sung Ho 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Diffusion tensor image tractography (DTT) could be useful for exploring the state of the corticospinal tract (CST) at the level of the subcortical white matter. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the speed of degeneration of the CST in patients with cerebral infarct, using DTT. Design: Two patients with middle cerebral artery territory infarct were recruited for this study. DTT was performed 5 times with an interval of 7 days, starting at 2 days after onset, using a 1.5-T system with a synergy-L Sensitivity Encoding head coil. The termination criteria used were fractional anisotrophy < 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, respectively, and an angle change > 45°. Results: Detection of CST degeneration began at the 9 day DTT in both patients. The most rapid CST degeneration was noted for 7 days at 16 days from onset. We did not detect any tract in the affected hemisphere of both patients at the 23-day DTT. Conclusions: We demonstrated that CST degeneration begins before 9 days from onset and progresses rapidly in patients with middle cerebral artery territory infarct. It seems that the CST degeneration began earlier than expected.
Effective targets for constraint-induced movement therapy for patients with upper-extremity impairment after stroke
Authors: Koyama Tetsuo , Sano Kyoko , Tanaka Shotaro , Hatanaka Teruaki , Domen Kazuhisa 
Published: January 2020

Objective: Examination of effectiveness of different sites of constraint-induced movement therapy (CI therapy) for upper-extremity impairment of patients after stroke. Subjects: Patients exhibiting moderate to slight upper-extremity impairment after stroke. Methods: The patients received a modified version of CI therapy for a cumulative total of 5 h daily for 10 days. Using Fugl-Meyer scores, shoulder/elbow/forearm, wrist and hand functions were separately assessed before and after treatment. To assess the site-specific effects of CI therapy, before and after scores were statistically compared at each site using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Relative effects were evaluated by paired comparison of the results at each site with, in turn, the results at every other site. Instances of single-score increments were, using standard chi-square tests, statistically isolated and compared. Results: Nineteen patients, 12–169 (median 31) months after stroke, were enrolled in this study and completed the protocol. Age range was 40–81 (median 65) years old and pretreatment Fugl-Meyer total scores spanned 31–64 (median 48). Analyses detected statistically significant improvements for wrist, hand and coordination but not for shoulder/elbow/forearm subcomponents. For the hand, at least single-point increments were observed in 74% of the population, while only 47% showed similar increments for the shoulder/elbow/forearm, and 53% for the wrist. Statistical analysis revealed that a higher proportion had increments in hand scores. Conclusions: Statistical analysis shows that CI therapy is most beneficial for treating hand function, suggesting an efficient application of this treatment.
Single case experimental design study of Carer facilitated Errorless Learning in a patient with severe memory impairment following TBI
Authors: Campbell Loretta , Wilson F. Colin , McCann John , Kernahan George , Gray Rogers Rosalind 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: To investigate if errorless learning applied by carer(s) in an everyday setting can reduce the frequency of everyday memory problems following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research design: Multiple baseline single case experimental design. Methods and procedures: A patient with severe memory impairment, six years post TBI was recruited via an outpatient neurorehabilitation clinic. ABA analysis was conducted using daily frequency counts of everyday memory problems as an index of change. Experimental intervention: Errorless learning delivered by the patient’s carer, aimed at reducing the occurrence of identified everyday memory problems. The carer was guided in treatment implementation by an Occupational Therapist. Main outcomes and results: Incidence of frequently occurring memory lapses was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) and this was maintained at 3 months post intervention. Conclusion: This study highlights the potential clinical value of errorless learning with self-generated cues applied by carers within an everyday setting.
Muscle characteristics of persons with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Jegede Adejoke B. , Gilbert Christopher , Tulkin Steven R. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To explore agonist and antagonist muscle characteristics, depression and physical functioning of patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). Method: Individuals with FMS (N = 34) and chronic pain (N = 36) were recruited from a chronic pain program. Normal controls (N = 37) were recruited from the general community. Measures: Demographic data (age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, and employment status), self-report physical and psychological functioning, current level of pain, level of depression, and agonist and antagonist muscle activity (SCM, Biceps/triceps, Forearm flexor/extensor, Lower leg tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius) were measured with sEMG. Results: There was a significant difference in upper arm muscle contra-activation between the FMS patients and normal controls but not between the non-FMS chronic pain patients and normal controls. When compared to normal controls, the FMS group reported more depression and a higher level of physical functioning problems, but it was not significantly different from the mean score for the non-FMS chronic pain group. Problems with physical functioning and depression did not predict strength of contra-activation in the upper arm muscle. Conclusion: These findings suggest presence of unusual muscle activity occurring in the bicep muscle of FMS and non-FMS chronic pain patients, which establishes a possible link between muscle dysfunction, mood and pain.
Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy with modified opposition restriction orthosis in chronic hemiparetic patients with stroke
Authors: Kim Dong Gyu , Cho Yun Woo , Hong Ji Heon , Song Jun Chan , Chung Hyun-Ae , Bai Dai-seg , Lee Chu-Hee , Jang Sung Ho 
Published: January 2020

Objectives: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been demonstrated to be effective in improving hemiparetic upper extremity function in stroke patients, but few studies have been performed to assess orthosis modification. We investigated the effect of the newly designed small orthosis named modified opposition restriction orthosis (MORO) in chronic hemiparetic patients with stroke. Design: Twenty-one stroke patients were randomly assigned to the CIMT group or control group. Thirteen patients in the CIMT group wore MORO confining the thumb and index finger for at least 5 hours of each day, 7 days a week for 8 weeks. The affected upper extremity function was evaluated using the manual function test (MFT), Purdue Pegboard (PP) score, and motor activity log (MAL) at pre and post-CIMT. Results: Four of the 13 patients in the CIMT group dropped out due to motivational problems, and 9 patients remained in the CIMT group at the end of the study. The patients in the CIMT group showed a mean improvement of 195.8% on MAL AOU (Amount of Use), 24.6% on PP score, and 5.5% on MFT. Conclusion: This new MORO would be effective for use in a CIMT program in chronic hemiparetic patients with stroke.
Lumbar disk prolapse: Response to mechanical physiotherapy in the absence of changes in magnetic resonance imaging. Report of 11 cases
Authors: Broetz Doris , Hahn Ulrich , Maschke Evelin , Wick Wolfgang , Kueker Wilhelm , Weller Michael 
Published: January 2020

Background: Lumbar disk prolapses are among the most common neurological conditions. In this open study, we asked whether repeated end-range spinal movements (McKenzie method) as physiotherapy in patients with lumbar disk prolapse induce early changes in location, size and signal intensity of lumbar disc material detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compared clinical with radiographic changes. The clinical efficacy of mechanical physiotherapy according to the McKenzie method within 5 days was documented. Methods: Eleven consecutive patients with lumbar disk prolapse were included. Patients were treated with repeated end-range spinal movements and MRI was performed before and after 2–5 treatments. Results: All patients achieved a reduction in symptoms and signs of disk prolapse during and after these procedures but none showed any change in the MRI features of the prolapses. Conclusions: Beneficial effects of specific mechanical physiotherapy in patients with radicular syndromes from lumbar disk prolapse are not paralleled by changes in the MRI appearance of the prolapses. Alternative explanations for the early clinical responses in some patients with lumbar disc prolapse treated according to the McKenzie method must be sought.
Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Dana Desa dalam Mengentaskan Kemiskinan di Kecamatan Kuala, Kab Nagan Raya
Authors: Ramly Ar Royyan , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Djalil Muslim A. , Indriani Mirna 
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa dan melihat efektifitas distribusi pemanfaatan dana desa di Kecamatan Kuala Kabupaten Nagan Raya dan hubungannya dengan tingkat kemiskinan. Data yang digunakan berupa data time series dari tahun 2015 hingga tahun 2018 yang dikumpulkan melalui data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dengan mendatangi langsung ke desa-desa di kecamatan kuala. Sementara data sekunder diperoleh dari website Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), telaah dokumen, artikel yang berhubungan dengan objek penelitian. Penelitian ini melakukan observasi terhadap 10 desa sebagai sample dari 17 desa di Kecamatan Kuala. Metode analisa mengunakan regresi data panel dengan metode analisa random effect model (REM). Dari hasil regresi model random effect ditemukan bahwa variabel dana desa berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemisikinan dengan Probabilitas sebesar 0,0000 = p-value α = 5%. Kemudian variabel alokasi dana desa berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kemiskinan dengan Probabilitas sebesar 0,0000 = p-value α = 5%. Artinya dengan menambahkan 1% dana desa atau meningkatkan dana desa akan mengurangi kemiskinan di Kecamatan Kuala Kabupaten Nagan Raya
Udział Senatu RP w tworzeniu prawa i kreowaniu polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa
Authors: Nowacka Eliza 
Published: January 2020

Polityka społeczno-gospodarcza jako jedna z dziedzin branżowych polityki publicznej kreowana może być przez różne organy państwa, wśród nich znajduje się także druga izba parlamentu. Zauważyć jednak należy, że nie jest to główna domena działalności izby drugiej. Widoczne ograniczenie udziału drugiej izby w kreowaniu polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa dostrzec można zwłaszcza w tych państwach, w których realizowany jest model bikameralizmu asymetrycznego, przykład może stanowić parlament Republiki Czeskiej, którego izba druga nie bierze udziału w procesie uchwalenia ustawy budżetowej.Analizując prace Senatu RP, także nie można powiedzieć, że kreowanie polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa jest działalnością priorytetową wyższej izby polskiego parlamentu, pomimo tego, że Senat posiada instrumenty, które pozwalają brać udział w kreowaniu tej polityki. Chociaż wśród projektów ustaw zaproponowanych przez izbę wyższą parlamentu polskiego rzadko można znaleźć te dotyczące kreowania politykispołeczno-gospodarczej, można jednak podać przykłady inicjatyw ustawodawczych, które proponują zmiany w systemie podatkowym, prawie pracy, zmiany dotyczące opieki społecznej czy też rent i emerytur. Dzięki inicjatywom ustawodawczym Senatu powołane do życia zostały izby obrachunkowe i związki pracodawców.Aktywność Senatu w dziedzinie polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa dostrzec można w działalności komisji senackich. Tutaj zwrócić uwagę należy na poprawki do ustawy budżetowej czy opiniowanie umów międzynarodowych. Senat jako „izba refleksji” przywiązuje dużą wagę do organizowania licznych seminariów i konferencji, także dotyczących polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa. Należy jednak podkreślić, że Senat marginalizuje swoją rolę w dziedzinie polityki społeczno-gospodarczej. Podejmuje działania niejako na marginesie innej działalności. Dostrzec można brak w tych działaniach programów długofalowych i kompleksowych. Senat wykorzystuje instrumenty ustrojowe, czyni to jednak w sposób umiarkowany
Amerykańska polityka wobec rynku pracy a weterani pokolenia 9/11
Authors: Korolczuk Adam 
Published: January 2020

Jeszcze kilka lat temu zatrudnienie weterana było kojarzone w Stanach Zjednoczonych z działalnością charytatywną. Obecnie zarówno administracja publiczna, jak i wiele firm sektora prywatnego wyrażają chęć pomocy byłym żołnierzom. Wygaszanie obecności Amerykanów w Afganistanie, połączone z cięciami wydatków na obronę, spowoduje, że z sił zbrojnych będzie musiało odejść w ciągu najbliższych pięciu lat około miliona żołnierzy. Większość z nich zasili rynek pracy, jednak znaczna część, zwłaszcza najmłodszych weteranów wojen w Iraku i Afganistanie, pozostanie bezrobotna. Sprawy weteranów są niezwykle istotne zarówno dla prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych, Kongresu, jak i całego społeczeństwa amerykańskiego, gdyż związane są z ekonomiczno-społeczną stroną funkcjonowania państwa. Natomiast błędne wyobrażenie na temat byłych żołnierzy uniemożliwia wykorzystanie ich potencjału oraz nabytych w wojsku umiejętności i nie przekłada się w żaden sposób na ekonomię państwa. Taka sytuacja jest frustrująca, ponieważ weterani potrafią być bardzo dobrymi pracownikami, posiadają wiele zalet, które są pożądane wśród zatrudniających, m.in. umiejętności przywódcze, współdziałanie, lojalność, inicjatywę.
Penerimaan Keluarga Dalam Perawatan Orang Dengan Skizofrenia Di Masyarakat Banjar Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Rahman Subhannur , Permana Iman 
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang: Merawat anggota keluarga dengan skizofrenia merupakan hal yang tidak mudah dan harus mengalami perjalanan yang panjang terutama bagi mereka yang menjadi caregiver. Timbulnya beban dan beberapa efek buruk bagi keluarga sebagai pengasuh tentu akan mempengaruhi proses perawatan yang diberikan dan penerimaan didalam keluarga.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penerimaan keluarga dalam perawatan orang dengan skizofrenia.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif. Pemilihan informan menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang berjumlah 7 (tujuh) informan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara semi-struktur.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan keluarga dalam perawatan orang dengan skizofrenia di Masyarakat Banjar Kalimantan Selatan mendapatkan 4 (empat) tema yaitu a) belum bisa menerima, b) situasi yang sudah biasa, c) penolakan keluarga, d) bersikap pesimis.Kesimpulan: Penerimaan keluarga menjadi salah satu faktor penentu dalam mencapai proses penyembuhan pada anggota keluarga yang mengalami gangguan jiwa. Bentuk penerimaan yang positif dari anggota keluarga dalam memberikan perawatan mencerminkan kesiapan keluarga untuk merawat anggota keluarga dengan skizofrenia. Walaupun keluarga sebagai caregiver memiliki perasaan yang kurang menyenangkan didalam proses perawatan yang diberikan Kata Kunci: Penerimaan Keluarga, Perawatan Orang Dengan Skizofrenia.Background: Caring for family members with schizophrenia is not easy and must experience a long journey, especially for those who become caregivers. The onset of the burden and some adverse effects on the family as caregivers will certainly affect the process of care given and acceptance in the family. Objective: This study aims to explore family acceptance in the care of people with schizophrenia. Method: This study is a qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological approach. The selection of informants used a purposive sampling method which amounted to 7 (seven) informants. Data collection uses semi-structured interview methods. Results: The results of this study indicated that family acceptance in the care of people with schizophrenia in the Banjar Community in South Kalimantan received 4 (four) themes, namely a) unable to accept, b) usual situation, c) family rejection, d) being pessimistic. Conclusion: Family acceptance is one of the determining factors in achieving the healing process in family members who experience mental disorders. The positive form of acceptance from family members in providing care reflects family readiness to care for family members with schizophrenia. Although the family as a caregiver has unpleasant feelings in the treatment process given Keywords: Family Acceptance, Treatment of People with Schizophrenia.