bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Arctic Freshwater to the Arctic Oscillation in Coupled Climate Models
Authors: Cornish Sam B. , Kostov Yavor , Johnson Helen L. , Lique Camille 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe freshwater content (FWC) of the Arctic Ocean is intimately linked to the stratification—a physical characteristic of the Arctic Ocean with wide relevance for climate and biology. Here, we explore the relationship between atmospheric circulation and Arctic FWC across 12 different control-run simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Using multiple lagged regression, we seek to isolate the linear response of Arctic FWC to a step change in the strength of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) as well as the second and third orthogonal modes of SLP variability over the Arctic domain. There is broad agreement among models that a step change to a more anticyclonic AO leads to an increase in Arctic FWC, with ane-folding time scale of 5–10 yr. However, models differ widely in the degree to which a linear response to SLP variability can explain FWC changes. Although the mean states, time scales, and magnitudes of FWC variability may be broadly similar, the physical origins of variability are highly inconsistent among models. We perform a robustness test that incorporates a Monte Carlo approach to determine which response functions are most likely to represent causal, physical relationships within the models and which are artifacts of regression. Convolution with SLP reanalysis data shows that the four most robust response functions have some skill at reproducing observed accumulation of FWC during the late 1990s and 2000s, consistent with the idea that this change was largely wind driven.
Performance evaluation of a fully automated anti-Müllerian hormone immunoassay and multicentre study on the establishment of reference range in adult women
Authors: Yue Chao-Yan , Wu Yong , Duan Chao-Hui , Wei Jie , Zhang Di , Luo Xiao-Hong , Zhang Qian-Lan , Ying Chun-Mei 
Published: January 2020

Aims To evaluate the analytical performance of a fully automatic iFlash anti-Müllerian hormone immunoassay (YHLO Biotech) and establish age-specific reference range for anti-Müllerian hormone in Chinese women based on a multicentre population study. Design and method iFlash anti-Müllerian hormone assay was evaluated for sensitivity, imprecision, serial dilution for linearity, impact of sample type, storage and stability. Method comparison of iFlash anti-Müllerian hormone with Elecsys anti-Müllerian hormone was studied. Reference intervals in healthy females were established for iFlash anti-Müllerian hormone. Results The limit of blank and limit of detection were below 0.001 ng/mL and 0.02 ng/mL, respectively. Assay sensitivity defined as limit of quantitation was 0.08 ng/mL. The assay imprecision was similar at low and high concentration being 3.1% and 3.2%, respectively. The linearity was observed to be between 0.02 ng/mL and 27.22 ng/mL. The stability of AMH was most at −80°C and up to seven days at 4°C, −20°C. No significant difference was observed for anti-Müllerian hormone among different sample types. An excellent agreement of anti-Müllerian hormone concentration was found in 180 samples analysed by iFlash and Roche; the correlation coefficient was 0.975 and regression slope of 1.009. The AMH reference intervals for Chinese women aged between the ages of 20 and 49 years with five-year intervals were 1.20–10.21 ng/mL, 1.14–9.17 ng/mL, 0.55–8.18 ng/mL, 0.25–7.02 ng/mL, 0.07–4.59 ng/mL and 0.01–2.11 ng/mL, respectively (1 ng/mL = 7.14 pmol/L). Conclusion The fully automated iFlash anti-Müllerian hormone immunoassay demonstrates excellent analytical performance. Consequently, the availability of iFlash anti-Müllerian hormone assay will represent a robust, fast, sensitive and precise immunoassay for the determination of anti-Müllerian hormone concentration.
A direct comparison of patient-based real-time quality control techniques: The importance of the analyte distribution
Authors: Smith Joel D , Badrick Tony , Bowling Francis 
Published: January 2020

Background Patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) techniques have been described in clinical chemistry for over 50 years. PBRTQC has a number of advantages over traditional quality control including commutability, cost and the opportunity for real-time monitoring. However, there are few systematic investigations assessing how different PBRTQC techniques perform head-to-head. Methods In this study, we compare moving averages with and without truncation and moving medians. For analytes with skewed distributions such as alanine aminotransferase and creatinine, we also investigate the effect of Box–Cox transformation of the data. We assess the ability of each technique to detect simulated analytical bias in real patient data for multiple analytes and to retrospectively detect a real analytical shift in a creatinine and urea assay. Results For analytes with symmetrical distributions, we show that error detection is similar for a moving average with and without four standard deviation truncation limits and for a moving median. In contrast to analytes with symmetrically distributed results, moving averages perform poorly for right skewed distributions such as alanine aminotransferase and creatinine and function only with a tight upper truncation limit. Box–Cox transformation of the data both improves the performance of moving averages and allows all data points to be used. This was also confirmed for retrospective detection of a real analytical shift in creatinine and urea. Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of careful assessment of the distribution of patient results for each analyte in a PBRTQC program with the optimal approaches dependent on whether the patient result distribution is symmetrical or skewed.
Adapting a Family-Focused Diabetes Prevention Program for a Federally Qualified Health Center: A Qualitative Report
Authors: Rivers Patrick , Hingle Melanie , Ruiz-Braun Griselda , Blew Robert , Mockbee Joy , Marrero David 
Published: January 2020

Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore the needs of high-risk Latinx/Hispanic women with a history of gestational diabetes who were patients at a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) in anticipation of a future family-based program. Methods Six focus group studies were conducted in partnership with El Rio Community Health Center, an FQHC in Tucson, Arizona. Thirty-nine women participated, each identified as Latinx/Hispanic, self-reported a history of gestational diabetes or prediabetes, and had at least 1 child aged 8 to 13. Three investigators independently reviewed transcripts from the focus groups to identify themes that reflected thematic saturation from participants’ responses. Data coding and results were discussed as a group and any differences were collectively adjudicated. Results All participants had a family member with diabetes and worried about their and their immediate family members’ risk for developing the disease. The possible benefits of participating in a lifestyle prevention program were universally recognized, but multiple barriers to participation were described, including scheduling conflicts, access to childcare, transportation, and the need to involve additional family members to reinforce program objectives. Conclusions There is a strong willingness to participate in a diabetes prevention program among respondents, but to be successful, interventions must be tailored to specific needs and challenges. Trying to apply existing prevention curricula with low-income Latinx/Hispanic populations may not be successful without adaptations.
Association of energy drink consumption with substance-use initiation among adolescents: A 12-month longitudinal study
Authors: Galimov Artur , Hanewinkel Reiner , Hansen Julia , Unger Jennifer B , Sussman Steve , Morgenstern Matthis 
Published: January 2020

Background: Aggressive marketing has resulted in exponential growth of energy drink sales in recent years. Despite growing concerns about the negative health effects of energy drinks, they are increasingly popular among young people. Little is known about temporal associations between energy drink consumption and other drug use, though some researchers have suggested that energy drink consumption reflects an entry into a drug-using lifestyle. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether energy drink use among adolescents who have never tried substances is associated with a risk of initiating tobacco (i.e. cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and hookah) and alcohol use. Methods: A school-based longitudinal study of 3071 adolescents ages 9–17 years was conducted in six federal states of Germany. Data analyses involved two assessment waves that took place approximately 12 months apart: baseline (fall-winter of school year 2016–2017), and 12-month follow-up (fall-winter of school year 2017–2018). Results: Multilevel models revealed that energy drink use at baseline was associated with cigarette (odds ratio for energy drink ever use, 3.15 (95% confidence interval, 2.07–4.78 )), e-cigarette (odds ratio, 4.32 (95% confidence interval, 2.87–6.51)), hookah smoking (odds ratio, 3.15 (95% confidence interval, 2.06–4.82)), and alcohol use (odds ratio, 2.26 (95% confidence interval, 1.75–2.93)) initiation within 12 months. Conclusions: These results raise the possibility that energy drinks may potentially act as a gateway drug to other substances. However, inferences regarding whether this association is or is not causal cannot yet be made.
Investigating serotonergic contributions to cognitive effort allocation, attention, and impulsive action in female rats
Authors: Silveira Mason M , Wittekindt Sebastian N , Mortazavi Leili , Hathaway Brett A , Winstanley Catharine A 
Published: January 2020

Background: Individuals must frequently evaluate whether it is worth allocating cognitive effort for desired outcomes. Motivational deficits are a common feature of psychiatric illness such as major depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are commonly used to treat this disorder, yet some data suggest these compounds are ineffective at treating amotivation, and may even exacerbate it. Aims: Here we used the rodent Cognitive Effort Task (rCET) to assess serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) contributions to decision-making with cognitive effort costs. Methods: The rCET is a modified version of the 5-choice serial reaction time task, a well-validated test of visuospatial attention and impulse control. At the start of each rCET trial, rats chose one of two levers, which set the difficulty of an attentional challenge, namely the localization of a visual stimulus illuminated for 0.2 or 1 s on hard versus easy trials. Successful completion of hard trials was rewarded with double the sugar pellets. Twenty-four female Long–Evans rats were trained on the rCET and systemically administered the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT, the 5-HT2A antagonist M100907, the 5-HT2C agonist Ro-60-0175, as well as the 5-HT2C antagonist SB 242, 084. Results: 5-HT2A antagonism dose-dependently reduced premature responding, while 5-HT2C antagonism had the opposite effect. 8-OH-DPAT impaired accuracy of target detection at higher doses, while Ro-60-0175 dose-dependently improved accuracy on difficult trials. However, none of the drugs affected the rats’ choice of the harder option. Conclusion: When considered with existing work evaluating decision-making with physical effort costs, it appears that serotonergic signalling plays a minor role in guiding effort allocation.
Effects of desvenlafaxine versus placebo on MDD symptom clusters: A pooled analysis
Authors: Katzman Martin A , Wang Xuemei , Wajsbrot Dalia B , Boucher Matthieu 
Published: January 2020

Background: Major depressive disorder is characterized by the presence of at least five of nine specific symptoms that contribute to clinically significant functional impairment. This analysis examined the effect of desvenlafaxine (50 or 100 mg) versus placebo on symptom cluster scores and the association between early improvement in symptom clusters and symptomatic or functional remission at week 8. Methods: Using data from nine double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of desvenlafaxine for the treatment of major depressive disorder ( N=4317), the effect of desvenlafaxine 50 or 100 mg versus placebo on scores for symptom clusters based on 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression items was assessed using analysis of covariance. Association between early improvement in symptom clusters (⩾20% improvement from baseline at week 2) and symptomatic and functional remission (17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total score ⩽7; Sheehan Disability Scale score <7) at week 8 was analyzed using logistic regression. Symptom clusters based on Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale were also examined. Results: Desvenlafaxine 50 or 100 mg was associated with significant improvement from baseline compared to placebo for all symptom clusters ( p<0.001), except a sleep cluster for desvenlafaxine 100 mg. For all symptom clusters, early improvement was significantly associated with achievement of symptomatic and functional remission at week 8 for all treatment groups ( p⩽0.0254). Conclusion: Early improvement in symptom clusters significantly predicts symptomatic or functional remission at week 8 in patients with depression receiving desvenlafaxine (50 or 100 mg) or placebo. Importantly, patients without early improvement were less likely to remit.
Translocator protein–mediated fast-onset antidepressant-like and memory-enhancing effects in chronically stressed mice
Authors: Shang Chao , Yao Ru-Meng , Guo Ying , Ding Zhen-Chun , Sun Li-Jun , Ran Yu-Hua , Xue Rui , Wang Huai-Shan , Zhang Jian-Min , Zhang You-Zhi , Zhang Li-Ming , Li Yun-Feng 
Published: January 2020

Background: Fast-acting and cognitive-enhancing antidepressants are desperately needed. Activation of translocator protein (18 kDa, TSPO) is a novel strategy for developing potential antidepressants, but there are no data available on the onset time of TSPO ligands. This study aimed to investigate the fast-onset antidepressant actions of AC-5216, a selective TSPO ligand, in TSPO knock-out (KO) mice. Methods: TSPO wild-type (WT) and KO mice were subjected to a six-week chronic unpredicted stress (CUS) paradigm. Then, the mice were treated with AC-5216 and tested with depressive and cognitive behaviours. Results: A single dose of AC-5216 (0.3 mg/kg) exerted anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like actions in TSPO WT mice. Moreover, in chronically stressed WT mice, two to four days of AC-5216 treatment (0.3 mg/kg, once per day) produced fast-onset antidepressant-like effects in the novelty-suppressed feeding and sucrose preference tests, as well as memory-enhancing effects in the novel object recognition test. In addition, a rapid (with five days of treatment) restoration of serum corticosterone levels and prefrontal cortex (PFC) allopregnanolone levels was found. Further studies showed that in these stress-exposed WT mice, AC-5216 significantly increased the levels of mTOR signalling-related proteins (mBDNF, p-mTOR, PSD-95, synapsin-1, GluR1), as well as the total dendritic length and branching points of pyramidal neurons in the PFC. Conclusions: These results suggest that TSPO mediates the fast-onset antidepressant-like and memory-enhancing effects of AC-5216, possibly through the rapid activation of mTOR signalling and restoration of dendritic complexity in the PFC.
Accuracy and Reliability of the Visual Assessment of Patellar Tracking
Authors: Best Matthew J. , Tanaka Miho J. , Demehri Shadpour , Cosgarea Andrew J. 
Published: January 2020

Background:Abnormal patellar tracking is described as a “J-sign” when the patella exhibits excessive lateral displacement during active knee extension.Purpose:To determine (1) the accuracy and reliability of the visual assessment of patellar tracking when viewed by surgeons with patellofemoral expertise and (2) whether surgeon experience (in years) correlates with the ability to accurately identify the presence and severity of patellar maltracking.Study Design:Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.Methods:Using a web-based assessment, 32 orthopaedic surgeon members of the International Patellofemoral Study Group determined the presence or absence of maltracking (≥2 quadrants of lateral translation) in 10 single-knee videos of patients with patellar instability during active knee extension (qualitative analysis). Surgeons then graded patellar tracking in 20 single-knee videos as follows: 0 (<1 patellar quadrant of lateral translation), 1 (1 to <2 quadrants), 2 (2 to <3 quadrants), or 3 (≥3 quadrants) (quantitative analysis). Responses were compared with a previously described grading system using patellar bisect offset measured with 4-dimensional computed tomography. We evaluated the association between number of years of surgeon experience and the ability to correctly identify and grade patellar tracking. A total of 22 surgeons repeated the survey 3 months later, and their answers were matched to the first survey, allowing for assessment of intraobserver reliability.Results:In the qualitative analysis, surgeons correctly identified videos as showing patellar maltracking 68% of the time (κ = 0.45). In the quantitative analysis, 53%, 51%, 48%, and 68% of surgeons correctly identified maltracking of grades 3, 2, 1, and 0, respectively (κ = 0.42). Surgeon experience did not correlate with ability to identify the presence ( P = .59) or grade ( P = .35) of patellar maltracking. Respondent answers from the second survey demonstrated inadequate intraobserver reliability (κ = 0.48).Conclusion:Using visual assessment alone, surgeons correctly identified patellar maltracking in approximately two-thirds of videos and correctly graded patellar maltracking in half. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were inadequate to support the use of visual assessment alone for detecting the presence or grade of patellar maltracking. Surgeon experience did not correlate with ability to identify the presence or grade of patellar maltracking.
On the utility of dreaming: A general model for how learning in artificial agents can benefit from data hallucination
Authors: Windridge David , Svensson Henrik , Thill Serge 
Published: January 2020

We consider the benefits of dream mechanisms – that is, the ability to simulate new experiences based on past ones – in a machine learning context. Specifically, we are interested in learning for artificial agents that act in the world, and operationalize “dreaming” as a mechanism by which such an agent can use its own model of the learning environment to generate new hypotheses and training data. We first show that it is not necessarily a given that such a data-hallucination process is useful, since it can easily lead to a training set dominated by spurious imagined data until an ill-defined convergence point is reached. We then analyse a notably successful implementation of a machine learning-based dreaming mechanism by Ha and Schmidhuber (Ha, D., & Schmidhuber, J. (2018). World models. arXiv e-prints, arXiv:1803.10122). On that basis, we then develop a general framework by which an agent can generate simulated data to learn from in a manner that is beneficial to the agent. This, we argue, then forms a general method for an operationalized dream-like mechanism. We finish by demonstrating the general conditions under which such mechanisms can be useful in machine learning, wherein the implicit simulator inference and extrapolation involved in dreaming act without reinforcing inference error even when inference is incomplete.
Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of Hallux Rigidus Treated With Cheilectomy and a Moberg-Akin Osteotomy
Authors: Maes Danielle J. A. , De Vil Jeroen , Kalmar Alain F. , Lootens Tom 
Published: January 2020

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome after cheilectomy and proximal phalangeal biplanar osteotomy for patients with mild and advanced stages of hallux rigidus. Methods: A total of 105 feet (grades 0-4) were treated with cheilectomy and a Moberg-Akin osteotomy of the proximal phalanx. All patients were clinically assessed preoperatively and followed up for 12 months by range of motion, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Short Form 36 (SF-36) score, and weightbearing radiographs. Results: This operative procedure resulted in a statistically significant positive effect on mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal joint ( P = .001), VAS pain score ( P < .001), AOFAS score ( P < .001), and SF-36 score ( P < .001). Conclusion: Cheilectomy and biplanar osteotomy of the proximal phalanx was an effective procedure for hallux rigidus with a positive effect on clinical and radiological outcome. Level of Evidence: IV, case series.
Outcomes of NCAA Defensive Football Players Following Achilles Tendon Repair
Authors: Wise Patrick M. , King Jesse L. , Stauch Christopher M. , Walley Kempland C. , Aynardi Michael C. , Gallo Robert A. 
Published: January 2020

Background: The incidence of Achilles ruptures has been on the rise in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players, but the career impact of this injury is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed a large series of Achilles tendon injuries in NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) defensive football players who required repair in order to determine their return to play, performance, and career outcomes afterward. Methods: FBS defensive football players who required Achilles repair from 2010 to 2016 were identified. The return to play of the eligible underclassmen athletes was then determined and the preinjury and postoperative performances of players who met criteria were compared with matched controls. The number of underclassmen who went on to participate in the National Football League (NFL) Combine or play in at least 1 NFL game was also determined and compared with controls. Results: Fifty-seven total Achilles ruptures were identified, 40 of which occurred in underclassmen, who returned at a rate of 92.5%. Of the players who met performance criteria, only defensive backs differed from matched controls in terms of solo tackling ( P = .025) and total tackling (P = .038), while still increasing compared with preoperative performance. Only 5.0% of underclassmen performed at NFL Combine and only 7.5% competed in at least 1 NFL game (20.0% and 21.3%, respectively, for matched controls). Conclusion: Defensive FBS players returned at a high rate following Achilles rupture and did not seem to experience a significant drop-off in performance upon return. An Achilles rupture did appear to impact their chances of playing professionally in the future, however. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Vibration model of Ziyuan3 satellites considering frequency changing
Authors: Mo Fan , Xie Junfeng , Liu Yuxuan 
Published: January 2020

Ziyuan3-01 and Ziyuan3-02, Chinese civilian high-resolution stereo mapping satellites, were designed to satisfy the requirements of 1:50,000 digital topographical mapping. Platform vibration detection plays an important role in the Ziyuan3 satellite project. Various methods have been used to detect the vibration of Ziyuan3-01, but none focuses on that the vibration frequency is not a fixed value. To detect and model the vibration, this study proposes a method based on a set of raw gyroscope data to detect long-term vibration and model it with considering frequency changing. Two experiments were conducted, and the results showed that (a) the proposed method can detect the long-term vibration frequency and model it; (b) there is a same vibration frequency of approximately 0.65 Hz in the Ziyuan3-01 and Ziyuan3-02; (c) the 0.65 Hz vibration suffered by the Ziyuan3 satellite series is not a fixed value, varying from 0.59 Hz to 0.7 Hz, and the period of the vibration change is a constant value of approximately 1 year, which we modeled with a sine function; and (d) the working state of loads on the platform, such as solar panels, has an influence on the vibration frequency certainly.