bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A broad autism phenotype expressed in facial morphology
Authors: Tan Diana Weiting , Maybery Murray T. , Gilani Syed Zulqarnain , Alvares Gail A. , Mian Ajmal , Suter David , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder is a heritable neurodevelopmental condition diagnosed based on social and communication differences. There is strong evidence that cognitive and behavioural changes associated with clinical autism aggregate with biological relatives but in milder form, commonly referred to as the ‘broad autism phenotype’. The present study builds on our previous findings of increased facial masculinity in autistic children (Sci. Rep., 7:9348, 2017) by examining whether facial masculinity represents as a broad autism phenotype in 55 non-autistic siblings (25 girls) of autistic children. Using 3D facial photogrammetry and age-matched control groups of children without a family history of ASD, we found that facial features of male siblings were more masculine than those of male controls (n = 69; p < 0.001, d = 0.81 [0.36, 1.26]). Facial features of female siblings were also more masculine than the features of female controls (n = 60; p = 0.005, d = 0.63 [0.16, 1.10]). Overall, we demonstrated for males and females that facial masculinity in non-autistic siblings is increased compared to same-sex comparison groups. These data provide the first evidence for a broad autism phenotype expressed in a physical characteristic, which has wider implications for our understanding of the interplay between physical and cognitive development in humans.
Dl-3-n-butylphthalide attenuates mouse behavioral deficits to chronic social defeat stress by regulating energy metabolism via AKT/CREB signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Ting , Bai Shunjie , Chen Zhi , Qi Xunzhong , Xie Peng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe mental disorder associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Current first-line pharmacotherapies for MDD are based on enhancement of monoaminergic neurotransmission, but these antidepressants are still insufficient and produce significant side-effects. Consequently, the development of novel antidepressants and therapeutic targets is desired. Dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a compound with proven efficacy in treating ischemic stroke, yet its therapeutic effects and mechanisms for depression remain unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NBP in a chronic social defeat stress model of depression and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we examined depression-related behavior and performed a targeted metabolomics analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to examine key genes and proteins involved in energy metabolism and the AKT/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. Our results reveal NBP attenuates stress-induced social deficits, anxiety-like behavior and despair behavior, and alters metabolite levels of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle components. NBP affected gene expression of key enzymes of the TCA cycle, as well as protein expression of p-AKT and p-CREB. Our findings provide the first evidence showing that NBP can attenuate stress-induced behavioral deficits by modulating energy metabolism by regulating activation of the AKT/CREB signaling pathway.
T-type calcium channel inhibition restores sensitivity to MAPK inhibitors in de-differentiated and adaptive melanoma cells
Authors: Granados Karol , Hüser Laura , Federico Aniello , Sachindra Sachindra , Wolff Gretchen , Hielscher Thomas , Novak Daniel , Madrigal-Gamboa Verónica , Sun Qian , Vierthaler Marlene , Larribère Lionel , Umansky Viktor , Utikal Jochen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Drug resistance remains as one of the major challenges in melanoma therapy. It is well known that tumour cells undergo phenotypic switching during melanoma progression, increasing melanoma plasticity and resistance to mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors (MAPKi).

Methods
We investigated the melanoma phenotype switching using a partial reprogramming model to de-differentiate murine melanoma cells and target melanoma therapy adaptation against MAPKi.

Results
Here, we show that partially reprogrammed cells are a less proliferative and more de-differentiated cell population, expressing a gene signature for stemness and suppressing melanocyte-specific markers. To investigate adaptation to MAPKi, cells were exposed to B-Raf Proto-Oncogene (BRAF) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. De-differentiated cells became less sensitive to MAPKi, showed increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis. Furthermore, T-type calcium channels expression increased in adaptive murine cells and in human adaptive melanoma cells. Treatment with the calcium channel blocker mibefradil induced cell death, differentiation and susceptibility to MAPKi in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion
In summary, we show that partial reprogramming of melanoma cells induces de-differentiation and adaptation to MAPKi. Moreover, we postulated a calcium channel blocker such as mibefradil, as a potential candidate to restore sensitivity to MAPKi in adaptive melanoma cells.
Simple induction of pseudopregnancy by artificial stimulation using a sonic vibration in rats
Authors: Kaneko Takehito , Endo Marina , Tsunoda Shigemi , Nakagawa Yuki , Abe Hisayuki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEmbryo transfer has been used as one of the essential reproductive technologies for production of new strains and maintenance of genetic resources in animals. Mating with vasectomised male rats is a requirement for inducing pseudopregnancy in female rats selected for embryo transfer. Although this procedure has been used routinely, large breeding space and high expenditure are required to maintain a sufficient number of females and vasectomised males. This study was performed to induce pseudopregnancy in females by artificial stimulation using sonic vibration instead of vasectomised males. The females continued to be in the dioestrus stage for at least 14 days after artificial stimulation was performed. Of fresh 2-cell embryos that transferred into the oviducts of females after artificial stimulation, 56% was implanted and 50% was developed to offspring. Approximately 46% of the frozen 2-cell embryos were implanted and 24% developed into offspring. Furthermore, 66% of the fresh pronuclear embryos were implanted and 60% developed into offspring. This study successfully induced pseudopregnancy in rat females by artificial stimulation using a sonic vibration. This method, ‘Easy-ET’, was useful for efficient production and maintenance of rat strains.
Study of glycosylation of prostate-specific antigen secreted by cancer tissue-originated spheroids reveals new candidates for prostate cancer detection
Authors: Ideo Hiroko , Kondo Jumpei , Nomura Taisei , Nonomura Norio , Inoue Masahiro , Amano Junko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProstate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most frequently used biomarker for the screening of prostate cancer. Understanding the structure of cancer-specific glycans can help us improve PSA assay. In the present study, we analysed the glycans of PSA obtained from culture medium containing cancer tissue-originated spheroids (CTOS) which have similar characteristics as that of the parent tumour to explore the new candidates for cancer-related glycoforms of PSA. The glycan profile of PSA from CTOS was determined by comparing with PSA from normal seminal plasma and cancer cell lines (LNCaP and 22Rv1) using lectin chromatography and mass spectrometry. PSA from CTOS was mostly sialylated and the content of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin reactive glycan (LacdiNAc) was similar to that of PSA derived from seminal plasma and 22Rv1. Conversely, concanavalin A (Con A)-unbound PSA was definitely detected from the three cancer origins but was almost negligible in seminal PSA. Two novel types of PSA were elucidated in the Con A-unbound fraction: one is a high molecular weight PSA with highly branched N-glycans, and the other is a low molecular weight PSA without N-glycans. Furthermore, the existence of Lewis X antigen group on PSA was indicated. These PSAs will be candidates for new cancer-related markers.
Correlation of age-of-onset of Atopic Dermatitis with Filaggrin loss-of-function variant status
Authors: Smieszek S. P. , Welsh S. , Xiao C. , Wang J. , Polymeropoulos C. , Birznieks G. , Polymeropoulos M. H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe genetic background of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) with chronic pruritus is complex. Filaggrin (FLG) is an essential gene in the epidermal barrier formation s. Loss-of-function (LOF) variants in FLG associated with skin barrier dysfunction constitute the most well-known genetic risk factor for AD. In this study, we focused on the frequency and effect of FLG loss-of-function variants in association with self-reported age-of-onset of AD. The dataset consisted of 386 whole-genome sequencing (WGS) samples. We observe a significant association between FLG LOF status and age-of-onset, with earlier age of onset of AD observed in the FLG LOF carrier group (p-value 0.0003, Wilcoxon two-sample test). We first tested this on the two most prevalent FLG variants. Interestingly, the effect is even stronger when considering all detected FLG LOF variants. Having two or more FLG LOF variants associates with the onset of AD at 2 years of age. In this study, we have shown enrichment of rare variants in the EDC region in cases compared with controls. Age-of-onset analysis shows not only the effect of the FLG and likely EDC variants in terms of the heightened risk of AD, but foremost enables to predict early-onset, lending further credence to the penetrance and causative effect of the identified variants. Understanding the genetic background and risk of early-onset is suggestive of skin barrier dysfunction etiology of AD with chronic pruritus
Highly efficient compact gigawatt‐level microwave source using relativistic electrons: radial relativistic magnetron
Authors: Sattorov M. , Hong D. , Kim S. , Kwon H.‐J. , Kwon H.‐O. , Min S.‐H. , Park G.‐S. 
Published: February 2020

The relativistic magnetron is one of the most attractive high‐power microwave sources, due to its compactness with high efficiency. It can generate hundreds of megawatts of microwave power in the L‐ and S‐bands. However, the efficiency of the magnetron is often limited due to the mode stability. In this Letter, three‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell simulation suggests even further increase of total efficiency of the magnetron can be realised via mode stabilisation using a self‐excited extended interaction in a collector region. A six‐vaned radial relativistic magnetron with a single radial output port powered by 400 kV, <10 kA electron beam with a 70 ns pulse demonstrates >900 MW with an efficiency of ∼48%. This improvement is attributed to the mode locking of operating π‐mode by a power‐boosted TE315 mode excited in the extended cavity.
Investigation of single‐stage transformerless buck–boost microinverters
Authors: Mathew Derick , Naidu Rani Chinnappa 
Published: February 2020

The conventional microinverters with transformers and multiple‐stage system increases the cost, weight and size, lowering the effectiveness and power density of PV system. It is therefore desirable to prevent using these methods for a microinverter. However, extra care must be taken to prevent component stress, excess switching and conduction losses, ground leakage currents and harmonics. Several transformerless buck–boost inverters have lately been suggested to address various issues. Due to the availability of a number of buck–boost inverter‐topology for the solar PV system, it is often difficult to identify when to choose the appropriate topology. Therefore, in order to present a clear view of the advancement of transformerless buck–boost inverters for next‐generation grid‐integrated PV systems, this article seeks to explore multiple buck–boost topologies with an extensive analytical comparison. Computer simulations for the 70 W system have been conducted in PLECS software to strengthen the results and comparisons, as well as to provide more insight into the features of the distinct topologies for the building‐integrated photovoltaic implementation. At the later part, voltage and current stress in each component, efficiency and total harmonic distortion of the system are provided with a general summary, as well as, a technology roadmap.
A new method for measuring the meteor mass index: application to the 2018 Draconid meteor shower outburst
Authors: Vida D. , Campbell-Brown M. , Brown P. G. , Egal A. , Mazur M. J. 
Published: February 2020

Context.Several authors predicted an outburst of the Draconid meteor shower in 2018, but with an uncertain level of activity.Aims.Optical meteor observations were used to derive the population and mass indices, flux, and radiant positions of Draconid meteors.Methods.We performed 90 min of multi-station observations after the predicted peak of activity using highly sensitive Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device cameras. The data calibration is discussed in detail. A novel maximum likelihood estimation method was developed to compute the population and mass index with robust error estimation. We applied the method to observed Draconids and used the values to derive the flux. Meteor trajectories were computed and compared to predicted radiant positions from meteoroid ejection models.Results.We find a mass index of 1.74 ± 0.18 in the 30 min bin after the predicted peak, and 2.32 ± 0.27 in the subsequent 60 min. The location and the dispersion of the radiant are a good match to modeled values, but there is an offset of 0.4° in solar longitude.
Polarized emission by aligned grains in the Mie regime: Application to protoplanetary disks observed by ALMA
Authors: Guillet V. , Girart J. M. , Maury A. J. , Alves F. O. 
Published: February 2020

Context. The azimuthal polarization patterns observed in some protoplanetary disks by the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) at millimeter wavelengths have raised doubts about whether they are truly produced by dust grains that are aligned with the magnetic field lines. These conclusions were based on the calculations of dust polarized emission in the Rayleigh regime, that is, for grain sizes that are much smaller than the wavelength. However, the grain size in such disks is typically estimated to be in the range of 0.1−1 mm from independent observations.
Aims. We study the dust polarization properties of aligned grains in emission in the Mie regime, that is, when the mean grain size approaches the wavelength.
Methods. By using the T-MATRIX and DustEM codes, we computed the spectral dependence of the polarization fraction in emission for grains in perfect spinning alignment for various grain size distributions. We restricted our study to weakly-elongated oblate and prolate grains of astrosilicate composition that have a mean size ranging from 10 μm to 1 mm.
Results. In the submillimeter and millimeter wavelength range, the polarization by B-field aligned grains becomes negative for grains larger than ∼250 μm, meaning that the polarization vector becomes parallel to the B-field. The transition from the positive to the negative polarization occurs at a wavelength of λ ∼ 1 mm. The regime of negative polarization does not exist for grains that are smaller than ∼100 μm.
Conclusions. When using realistic grain size distributions for disks with grains up to the submillimeter sizes, the polarization direction of thermal emission by aligned grains is shown to be parallel to the direction of the magnetic field over a significant fraction of the wavelengths typically used to observe young protoplanetary disks. This property may explain the peculiar azimuthal orientation of the polarization vectors in some of the disks observed with ALMA and attest to the conserved ability of dust polarized emission to trace the magnetic field in disks.
Epicondylopathie – Neuraltherapie und adjuvante Injektionen in der Sportmedizin
Authors: Günter Uwe 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBeschwerden im Bereich des Ellenbogens werden als Cubitalgie, Epikondalgie, Insertions- bzw. Myotendopathie bezeichnet. Bei 1–3 % aller Menschen tritt die Epikondylopathienach wiederkehrenden Belastungsabläufen oder Kraftaufwand auf. Als konservative Standards geltenaktuell eine Medikation, die physikalische Kombinationstherapie, assistierender Ultraschall. Extrakorporale Stoßwellentherapie und Akupunktur werden adjuvant, jedoch wie Verbände und Orthopädietechnik sowie Injektionen ohne signifikanten Unterschied in Leitlinien erwähnt.Die Neuraltherapie kombiniert lokale mit regionalen Injektionen sowie Injektionen an potenzielle Störfelder, die nicht saniert werden können. Bei Synovialitiden des Ellenbogengelenks bzw. inkomplettem Effekt der Neuraltherapie kommen Ozon-Sauerstoff, Eigenserum bzw. -plasma lokoregional zur Anwendung.
Neue einheitliche Rahmenbedingungen für Freiwilligendienst weltwärts
Authors: Prüfer-Krämer Luise , Boecken Gerhard , Steiner Florian , Rieke Burkhard 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGFür die weltwärts-Freiwilligen wurde vom Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) 2019 eine verpflichtende Beratung mit Eignungs- und Nachuntersuchung eingeführt. Diese neuen systematischen Vor- und Nachuntersuchungen von weltwärts-Freiwilligen sind aus tropen- und reisemedizinischer Sicht ein deutlicher Fortschritt. Sie sollen dazu führen, dass absehbar riskante Ausreisen unterbleiben und sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass durch eine fachgerechte Beratung Erkrankungen vermieden beziehungsweise durch die Auslandstätigkeit bedingte Gesundheitsstörungen rechtzeitig entdeckt werden. Der Spagat zwischen Sicherheit und Kosten ist dabei schwierig. Die Erfahrung aus dem ersten Jahr der Umsetzung der neuen Regelung wird derzeit ausgewertet und wird zeigen, ob weitere Anpassungen der Vorgehensweise notwendig sind. Die Formulare wurden bereits angepasst. Diese werden über die Webseiten der DTG und der DFR zur Verfügung gestellt.
Fexinidazol zur oralen Therapie der Westafrikanischen Schlafkrankheit: wesentliche Änderungen für die klinische Praxis
Authors: Lindner Andreas K. , Stich August 
Published: February 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Schlafkrankheit (Afrikanische Trypanosomiasis) führt ohne Behandlung in der Regel zum Tod. Mit Fexinidazol steht eine rein orale Monotherapie für die westafrikanische Form zur Verfügung, welche von der Europäischen Arzneimittel-Agentur im November 2018 positiv bewertet wurde. Im August 2019 veröffentlichte die Weltgesundheitsorganisation eine neue Therapieleitlinie. Fexinidazol wird als Erstlinientherapie für die Westafrikanische Schlafkrankheit im Stadium I und im Stadium II bei < 100 Leukozyten/µl im Liquor für Patienten ≥ 6 Jahre und ≥ 20 kg empfohlen. NECT (nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy) ist weiterhin Erstlinientherapie für Patienten mit ≥ 100 Leukozyten/µl im Liquor – neu definiert als schweres Stadium II. Fexinidazol ist in diesem Stadium deutlich weniger effektiv. Ohne den klinischen Verdacht auf ein schweres Stadium II kann auf eine Lumbalpunktion verzichtet und eine Therapie mit Fexinidazol unter Beaufsichtigung der Einnahme durchgeführt werden.
Application of Fat Grafting in Cosmetic Breast Surgery
Authors: Davis Matthew J. , Perdanasari Aurelia T. , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Gonzalez Santiago R. , Chamata Edward , Rammos Charalambos K. , Winocour Sebastian J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe role of fat grafting to the breasts has evolved in the recent past, gaining several new applications within both reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. Initially used for reconstructive purposes to fill lumpectomy defects or to correct residual contour deformities after breast reconstruction, it has since made its way into cosmetic breast surgery and has grown to encompass a wide variety of new indications. Fat grafting in aesthetic breast surgery may be performed as a form of primary autologous breast augmentation or as an adjunct to implant-based breast augmentation to disguise implant edges. It may also be used to provide added volume after explant surgery or to provide improvements in breast contour alongside mastopexy techniques. In this article, we will review the current applications of fat grafting in aesthetic breast surgery and provide an up-to-date summary of its reported outcomes, safety, and complications.
Fat Grafting in Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Turner Acara , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Davis Matthew J. , Winocour Sebastian J. , Hanson Summer E. , Chu Carrie K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe past two decades have witnessed a growing application of autologous fat grafting in the setting of breast reconstruction after surgical treatment of breast cancer. While traditionally used to correct contour deformities during secondary revisions, fat grafting has since evolved to achieve desired breast shape and size both as a complementary adjunct to established reconstructive techniques as well as a standalone technique for whole breast reconstruction. In this article, we will review fat grafting as an adjunct to autologous and implant-breast based reconstruction, an option for primary breast reconstruction, and a treatment of postmastectomy pain.
The Role of Fat Grafting in Buttock Augmentation
Authors: O'Neill Rebecca C. , Abu-Ghname Amjed , Davis Matthew J. , Chamata Edward , Rammos Charalambos K. , Winocour Sebastian J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutologous fat grafting is now considered the gold standard for buttock augmentation. Although a variety of techniques are currently being used by surgeons around the world, methods of fat grafting to the buttocks remain unsystematized, poorly understood, and controversial in terms of their safety and efficacy. Nonetheless, buttock augmentation by fat grafting has a satisfaction rate of 97.1%, and its mean complication rate has been estimated to be around 7 to 10%, with serious complications occurring in less than 1% of cases. Fat emboli are one such serious complication, with several reports in the literature discussing morbidity and mortality, specifically with intramuscular injection. With the increasing popularity of fat grafting for buttock augmentation, it is more important than ever to continue researching and learning to safeguard the satisfaction and safety of our patients.
Fat Processing Techniques
Authors: Xue Erica Y. , Narvaez Luciana , Chu Carrie K. , Hanson Summer E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAutologous fat grafting is an aesthetic and reconstructive procedure in which an individual's own fat is harvested and injected into the soft tissues to correct contour and other abnormalities. Fat graft is considered the ideal soft tissue filler for its biocompatibility, lack of immunogenicity, and availability. The entire procedure of harvesting, processing, and transfer of fat graft affects fat graft take and effectiveness of fat grafting. This article will focus on the most common methods of fat graft processing, including centrifugation, cotton gauze rolling, sedimentation, and filtration/washing. The fragility of the harvested adipocytes makes the technique of fat graft processing of utmost importance, as blood and other unnecessary cellular fragments are removed. Each fat graft processing method has its own merits and shortcomings; however, due to a lack of well-defined prospective studies, there is no evidence to support one processing method as superior to another.