bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Wealth and Children’s Cognitive Ability, Mental, and Physical Health: Evidence From the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Moulton Vanessa , Goodman Alissa , Nasim Bilal , Ploubidis George B. , Gambaro Ludovica 
Published: September 2020

This article investigates the influence of wealth, a frequently neglected aspect of the economic circumstances of families, on children’s development. Using the UK Millennium Cohort Study, it explores whether parental wealth (net total wealth, net housing wealth, net financial wealth, and house value) is associated with children’s cognitive ability, mental, and physical health at age 11 (N = 8,645), over and above parental socioeconomic status and economic resources, in particular permanent income. Housing wealth was associated with fewer emotional and behavioral problems, independent of the full set of controls. Children’s verbal cognition and general health were more strongly associated with family permanent income and socioeconomic characteristics than with wealth.
Gut microbiota interacts with intrinsic brain activity of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Liu Ping , Jia Xi‐Ze , Chen Yi , Yu Yang , Zhang Kan , Lin Ya‐Jie , Wang Bao‐Hong , Peng Guo‐Ping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo explore the potential relationships among gut microbiota (GM), local brain spontaneous activity, and neuropsychological characteristics in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients.MethodsTwenty aMCI and 22 healthy control (HC) subjects were recruited. The GM composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed, and fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF) was calculated across different frequencies. The Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between spontaneous brain activity and cognitive function, and GM composition.ResultsaMCI patients had altered GM state and local spontaneous brain activity as compared with HC subjects. Correlation analysis showed that aMCI and HC groups had different “GM‐intrinsic brain activity interaction” patterns. In aMCI group, at the typical band (0.01‐0.08 Hz), the relative abundance (RA) of Bacteroides from phylum to genus level was negatively correlated with fALFF value of cerebellar vermis IV‐V, and the Ruminococcaceae RA was negatively correlated with fALFF values of left lenticular nucleus and pallidum. The Clostridiaceae RA and Blautia RA were positively correlated with the left cerebellum lobules IV‐V at the slow‐4 band (0.027‐0.073 Hz). The Veillonellaceae RA was positively correlated with fALFF values of left precentral gyrus at the slow‐5 band (0.073‐0.08 Hz). Correlation analysis showed that Clostridium members (Lachnospiraceae and Blautia) were positively, while Veillonellaceae was negatively, correlated with cognition test. Bacteroides was positively correlated with attention and computation, and negatively correlated with the three‐stage command score.ConclusionsaMCI patients have a specific GM‐intrinsic brain activity‐cognitive function interaction pattern.
Acceptance of and six‐month adherence to continuous positive airway pressure in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Luo Kun , Zhang Li , Zhang Xiaolei , Han Teng , Li Yiming , Wang Chen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most effective treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Acceptance of and adherence to CPAP are crucial for optimal treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing patients’ acceptance of and adherence to CPAP treatment.MethodsOne hundred eighty‐eight patients with moderate to severe OSA who had received CPAP titration from October 2017 to September 2018 were recruited. They were interviewed at 2 weeks and at 6 months to assess CPAP use and barriers to acceptance and adherence.ResultsOne hundred fourteen patients (60.6%) accepted CPAP treatment. Disease severity, assessed by apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01‐1.08), subjective satisfaction of titration (OR, 12.83; 95% CI, 3.83‐42.99), initial intention of CPAP therapy (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.05‐10.51) and short‐term home CPAP trial (OR, 9.40; 95% CI, 2.85‐31.08) were associated with acceptance of CPAP treatment. Two‐third of the 98 CPAP acceptors reported good CPAP adherence at 6 months follow‐up. Average hours of CPAP use per day for the first 2 weeks (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.28‐3.04) and the global problems associated with CPAP use (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73‐0.91) were independent predictors of the six‐month CPAP adherence.ConclusionsNearly 40% of patients with moderate to severe OSA did not accept CPAP treatment, and one‐third of those CPAP acceptors had poor adherence to CPAP treatment. Improvement in disease awareness, comfortable titration experience, short‐term home CPAP trial may be of help to increase CPAP acceptance and early experience with CPAP is important for long‐term adherence. The differences in predicting factors for CPAP acceptance and adherence highlight the importance of focusing on specific aspects during the whole process management of OSA.
Presence of any degree of coronary artery disease among liver transplant candidates is associated with increased rate of post‐transplant major adverse cardiac events
Authors: Hughes Dempsey L. , Rice Jonathan D. , Burton James R. , Jin Ying , Peterson Ryan A. , Ambardekar Amrut V. , Pomposelli James J. , Pomfret Elizabeth A. , Kriss Michael S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) among liver transplant candidates (LTC) on post‐LT clinical outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine association of presence and severity of CAD on post‐LT major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including cardiac‐associated mortality. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 231 patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiogram (DCA) during their LT evaluation at a tertiary medical center from 2012‐2017. Patients were analyzed based on degree of CAD (no CAD, non‐obstructive CAD [< 50% stenosis], obstructive CAD [≥50% stenosis]) per DCA results. MACE were noted at 30 days, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years post‐LT, and Kaplan‐Meier curves were used to determine post‐LT MACE‐free probability. LTC with any CAD, including non‐obstructive CAD, had lower MACE‐free probability at all post‐LT time points (0.94 vs 0.65 at 30 days, P = .001; 0.87 vs 0.59 at 1 year, P = .002; 0.87 vs 0.41 at 3 years, P < .001; 0.87 vs 0.37 at 5 years, P < .001). Identification of and medical intervention for non‐obstructive CAD should be considered in all LTC, though further studies are necessary to determine optimal medical interventions to mitigate MACE risk in this cohort.
Coronary artery disease in lung transplant patients
Authors: Sinha Neeraj , Balayla Galit , Braghiroli Joao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a pathology often found in patients with end‐stage lung disease. Although in the past CAD might have been considered an absolute contraindication, modern revascularization techniques have helped increase the number of transplants performed in this population. However, discrepancies in the guidelines for perioperative evaluation and risk mitigation strategies for the ischemic cardiac burden are present in the current literature. This is a review of the available data regarding perioperative evaluation, revascularization tactics, postoperative management, and survival rate that patients with different grades of coronary artery disease present after lung transplantation.
Acute heart failure after liver transplantation: A narrative review
Authors: Sharma Sonal , Sonny Abraham , Dalia Adam A. , Karamchandani Kunal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcute heart failure (AHF) is an under recognized yet potentially lethal complication after liver transplantation (LT) surgery. The increase in incidence of liver transplantation amongst high‐risk patients and the leniency in the criteria for transplantation, predisposes these patients to postoperative AHF and the antecedent morbidity and mortality. The inability of conventional preoperative cardiovascular testing to accurately identify patients at risk for post‐LT AHF poses a considerable challenge to clinicians caring for these patients. Even if high‐risk patients are identified, there is considerable ambiguity in the candidacy for transplantation as well as optimization strategies that could potentially prevent the development of AHF in the postoperative period. The intraoperative and postoperative management of patients who develop AHF is also challenging and requires a well‐coordinated multidisciplinary approach. The use of mechanical circulatory support in patients with refractory heart failure has the potential to improve outcomes but its use in this complex patient population can be associated with significant complications and requires a stringent risk‐benefit analysis on a case‐by‐case basis.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among patients with haematological disorders: Severity and one‐month outcome in 66 Danish patients in a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Glenthøj Andreas , Jakobsen Lasse H. , Sengeløv Henrik , Ahmad Syed A. , Qvist Kristian , Rewes Annika , Poulsen Christian B. , Overgaard Ulrik M. , Mølle Ingolf , Severinsen Marianne T. , Strandholdt Casper N. , Maibom Jack , Kodahl Annette R. , Ryg Jesper , Ravn Pernille , Johansen Isik S. , Helsø Søren N. , Jensen‐Fangel Søren , Kisielewicz Jacek , Wiese Lothar , Helleberg Marie , Kirk Ole , Clausen Michael R. , Frederiksen Henrik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesPatients with haematological disorders may be particularly vulnerable to respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection; however, this is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, nationwide study including 66 patients in follow‐up at Danish haematology departments with a malignant or non‐malignant haematological disorder and with verified SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission and one‐month survival rate.ResultsMean age was 66.7 years, 60.6% were males, 90.9% had comorbidity, and 13.6% had a BMI ≥ 30. The most frequent diagnoses were chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/lymphoma (47.0%), multiple myeloma (16.7%) and acute leukaemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (AL/MDS) (12.1%). Treatment for the haematological disease was ongoing in 59.1% of cases. Neutropenia was present in 6.5%, lymphopenia in 46.6% and hypogammaglobulinaemia in 26.3%. The SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was mild in 50.0%, severe in 36.4% and critical in 13.6%. After one month, 21.2% had been admitted to ICU, and 24.2% died. Mortality was highest in older patients, patients with severe/critical SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, high comorbidity score or high performance status score, purine analogue treatment and with AL/MDS. Although older patients and patients with comorbidities had the highest mortality rates, mortality was considerable among all haematological patients.ConclusionHaematological patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has a severe clinical course.
The fibrillin microfibril/elastic fibre network: A critical extracellular supramolecular scaffold to balance skin homoeostasis
Authors: Adamo Christin S. , Zuk Alexandra V. , Sengle Gerhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSupramolecular networks composed of fibrillins (fibrillin‐1 and fibrillin‐2) and associated ligands form intricate cellular microenvironments which balance skin homoeostasis and direct remodelling. Fibrillins assemble into microfibrils which are not only indispensable for conferring elasticity to the skin, but also control the bioavailability of growth factors targeted to the extracellular matrix architecture. Fibrillin microfibrils (FMF) represent the core scaffolds for elastic fibre formation, and they also decorate the surface of elastic fibres and form independent networks. In normal dermis, elastic fibres are suspended in a three‐dimensional basket‐like lattice of FMF intersecting basement membranes at the dermal‐epidermal junction and thus conferring pliability to the skin. The importance of FMF for skin homoeostasis is illustrated by the clinical features caused by mutations in the human fibrillin genes (FBN1, FBN2), summarized as “fibrillinopathies.” In skin, fibrillin mutations result in phenotypes ranging from thick, stiff and fibrotic skin to thin, lax and hyperextensible skin. The most plausible explanation for this spectrum of phenotypic outcomes is that FMF regulate growth factor signalling essential for proper growth and homoeostasis of the skin. Here, we will give an overview about the current understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms leading to fibrillin‐dependent fibrosis as well as forms of cutis laxa caused by mutational inactivation of FMF‐associated ligands.
A DNA repair player, ring finger protein 43, relieves etoposide‐induced topoisomerase II poisoning
Authors: Lerksuthirat Tassanee , Wikiniyadhanee Rakkreat , Stitchantrakul Wasana , Chitphuk Sermsiri , Stansook Nauljun , Pipatpanyanugoon Nut , Jirawatnotai Siwanon , Dejsuphong Donniphat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRing finger protein 43 (RNF43) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase which is well‐known for its role in negative regulation of the Wnt‐signaling pathway. However, the function in DNA double‐strand break repairs has not been investigated. In this study, we used a lymphoblast cell line, DT40, and mouse embryonic fibroblast as cellular models to study DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repairs. For this purpose, we created RNF43 knockout, RNF43−/− DT40 cell line to investigate DSB repairs. We found that deletion of RNF43 does not interfere with cell proliferation. However, after exposure to various types of DNA‐damaging agents, RNF43−/− cells become more sensitive to topoisomerase II inhibitors, etoposide, and ICRF193, than wild type cells. Our results also showed that depletion of RNF43 results in apoptosis upon etoposide‐mediated DNA damage. The delay in resolution of γH2AX and 53BP1 foci formation after etoposide treatment, as well as epistasis analysis with DNAPKcs, suggested that RNF43 might participate in DNA repair of etoposide‐induced DSB via non‐homologous end joining. Disturbed γH2AX foci formation in MEFs following pulse etoposide treatment supported the notion that RNF43 also functions DNA repair in mammalian cells. These findings propose two possible functions of RNF43, either participating in NHEJ or removing the blockage of 5′ topo II adducts from DSB ends.
Patient and caregiver preferences for haemophilia A treatments: A discrete choice experiment
Authors: Su Jun , Li Nanxin , Joshi Namita , Ng Xinyi , Botteman Marc , Shah Rachel , Jain Nisha , Lyn Nicole , Preblick Ronald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionLong‐acting products are changing the haemophilia A treatment landscape by giving patients and caregivers treatment options with varying product attributes.AimA discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to elicit treatment attribute preferences among patients with haemophilia A and caregivers of children with haemophilia A.Materials & methodsA survey of sociodemographics and preferences was completed by an online panel of adult patients with haemophilia A and caregivers of children (<18 years) with haemophilia A. The DCE included a series of questions in which respondents chose their preferred option from pairs of hypothetical treatment profiles with systematic variation in the levels of six attributes (safety concerns with too much clotting, bleed protection, dosing frequency, length of time the product has been approved for use, product type and joint health studies). Preference weights and relative attribute importance scores were estimated using random parameters logit models.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen patients (mean age: 35.5 years) and 96 caregivers (mean age of child: 10.3 years) were included. For patients with haemophilia A, the top three attributes ranked from the most to least important were: (a) dosing frequency; (b) bleed protection; and (c) safety concerns with too much clotting. For caregivers of children with haemophilia A, the ranking was as follows: (a) safety concerns; (b) bleed protection; and (c) dosing.ConclusionsPatients with haemophilia A viewed dosing as the most important driver of treatment decision‐making whereas caregivers of children with haemophilia A valued safety the most.
High expression of a vascular stricture‐related marker is predictive of an early response to tolvaptan, and a low fractional excretion of sodium is predictive of a poor long‐term survival after tolvaptan administration for liver cirrhosis
Authors: Adachi Takuya , Takaki Akinobu , Sato Shuichi , Tobita Hiroshi , Kobashi Haruhiko , Kinomura Masaru , Nakatsuka Atsuko , Oyama Atsushi , Wada Nozomu , Sakata Masahiro , Takeuchi Yasuto , Yasunaka Tetsuya , Onishi Hideki , Shiraha Hidenori , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2020

AimTolvaptan is a newly available diuretic that has a specific function in water reabsorption inhibition. Given that spironolactone or furosemide induces the aggravation of cirrhotic hyponatremia and dehydration, tolvaptan affects the management strategy of liver cirrhosis. Representative predictive markers of its response include renal function‐related markers such as urea nitrogen or creatinine. However, vascular function‐related markers have not been well investigated. We investigated the effect of the vascular function‐related marker asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the effective arterial blood volume (EABV) marker, fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), on the early tolvaptan response and survival in liver cirrhosis.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 49 patients who required add‐on tolvaptan for refractory ascites or edema. Laboratory data were obtained immediately before and 1 day after tolvaptan administration. Patients exhibiting >1.5 kg weight loss after 1 week were categorized as early responders to tolvaptan. Patients were followed for a median of 200 days and were assessed for survival.ResultsEarly responders showed lower creatinine levels (<1.0 mg/dL), and higher ADMA levels (≥0.61 nmol/mL) than others in a multivariate analysis. Patients with a shorter survival were positive for hepatocellular carcinoma and had a low FENa (<0.35%).ConclusionEarly responders showed higher ADMA levels reflecting vascular stricture, suggesting that higher vascular tonus is required for a tolvaptan early response. Patients with a shorter survival showed a lower FENa, reflecting a lower EABV and suggesting that adequate EABV is required for the prolonged survival after tolvaptan administration.
End‐user preferences for plantain food products in Nigeria and implications for genetic improvement
Authors: Amah Delphine , Stuart Esmé , Mignouna Djana , Swennen Rony , Teeken Béla 
Published: September 2020

SummaryPlantain is an important food security crop for farming households in Nigeria. This study investigates the relative importance of plantain food products and their quality descriptors from the perspective of farmers in Southern‐Nigeria, to inform end‐user oriented and socially inclusive breeding strategies that drive hybrid adoption. Surveys were conducted in twelve rural communities in three states in the plantain belt of Nigeria, consisting of key informant interviews, sex‐disaggregated focused group discussions and individual interviews. Dodo (fried plantains), boli (roasted plantains), boiled plantain, plantain with beans and porridge were the most common food products identified in the study areas. Fruit size, pulp texture (firmness/softness), colour, maturity stage and taste were identified as the most critical characteristics, with impact on quality of processed food products. There were significant differences between states regarding the importance of plantain food products, but little interstate and gender differences for fresh fruit and food product quality characteristics.
Impact of variation in reagent combinations for one‐stage clotting assay on assay discrepancy in nonsevere haemophilia A
Authors: Suzuki Atsuo , Suzuki Nobuaki , Kanematsu Takeshi , Okamoto Shuichi , Tamura Shogo , Kikuchi Ryosuke , Katsumi Akira , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Kojima Tetsuhito , Matsushita Tadashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionFactor VIII activity (FVIII:C) is measured by one‐stage clotting assay (OSA) or chromogenic substrate assay (CSA). Significant differences in FVIII:C between OSA (FVIII:C1st) and CSA (FVIII:CChr) are described as assay discrepancy in nonsevere haemophilia A (HA). A large number of reagent combinations (APTT reagent and FVIII‐deficient plasma) are used for OSA, but the impact of variations in reagent combinations on assay discrepancy has not been fully characterized.AimTo clarify the variations in FVIII:C1st/FVIII:CChr ratios according to OSA reagent combination in HA subjects with/without assay discrepancy.MethodsThirty‐nine patients previously diagnosed with nonsevere HA were enrolled, and their FVIII genes were investigated and FVIII:C levels were assessed by a single CSA reagent and 11 OSA reagent combinations. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to predict possible cut‐off values of the FVIII:C1st/FVIII:CChr ratio to define FVIII assay discrepancy for each reagent combination.ResultsPatients were categorized into nondiscrepant (n = 25), discrepant (n = 5) and unclassified (n = 9) groups according to their genotypes and information in the database. The FVIII:C1st/FVIII:CChr ratio in nondiscrepant HA varied widely, depending on the APTT reagents and FVIII‐deficient plasma used. The ratio in discrepant HA patients differed with respect to their genotype and the reagent combination used. ROC curve analyses revealed that cut‐off values to distinguish the assay discrepancy differed depending on the reagents used, but revealed two novel genotype variants, p.Cys573Gly and p.Gly582Arg, associated with FVIII assay discrepancy.ConclusionOur findings showed that the FVIII:C1st/FVIII:CChr ratio is dependent on the reagent combination used for OSA.
Abusive supervision, emotion regulation, and performance
Authors: Moin Muhammad Farrukh , Wei Feng , Weng Qingxiong (Derek) 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examined the abusive supervision’s influence on emotion regulation and outcomes. Based on COR theory, we investigated whether supervisor abuse has a direct relationship with the emotional labor strategies of surface acting (monitoring external emotions) and deep acting (monitoring internal feelings). In turn, we investigated the indirect relationship of supervisor abuse on outcomes (i.e., emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and task performance) via these emotional labor strategies. Using lagged and dyadic sample (210 subordinates and 30 supervisors), we found that abusive supervision predicted surface and deep acting and that the indirect associations of supervisor abuse on outcomes via emotional labor strategies were also significant. The present investigation empirically supports the theorized links and offers notable implications for personnel selection and assessment.