bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Grand Concepts of Environmental Studies Boundary objects between disciplines and policymakers
Authors: Lundgren Jakob 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInter- and transdisciplinary collaboration is necessary in order to take on the environmental challenges facing humanity. Different disciplines, stakeholders, and policymakers need to work together to produce the knowledge necessary to create effective and just courses of action to counteract environmental problems. Recently, the notion of ‘boundary objects’ has been increasingly used within environmental studies to explain how some objects facilitate communication across the boundaries between different groups of actors. Due to their vague use in common contexts and specific use in each group, these objects let groups retain their own understanding while still communicating successfully with others. Novel concepts like ‘resilience’, ‘ecosystem services’, and ‘sustainability’ are due to their interpretive flexibility commonly described as boundary objects. However, in order to implement these concepts in concrete policy, some amount of standardization is needed. This presents a tension with the vagueness required for the facilitation of communication. This paper explicates whether and how novel concepts in environmental studies can be usefully understood as boundary objects. I review how boundary objects have been applied in the literature surrounding inter- and transdisciplinary collaborations, focusing especially on instances where concepts were considered to be boundary objects. I suggest that novel concepts in environmental studies can be understood as both ‘grand concepts’ in their most widespread use and as ‘hubs and spokes’ in local contexts. This allows for both vagueness at the macro level and standardization at the local level. I also explore how models, frameworks, and data have been successfully used as boundary objects.
„Meine Aufgabe ist, einen Bericht zu schreiben“: „Die sanften Kontrolleure“ und ihre Dokumente
Authors: Kühne Sylvia , Schlepper Christina 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag untersucht – aus der Perspektive der institutionellen Ethnographie und unter Rückgriff auf Datenmaterial der vergleichenden Replikationsstudie „Die sanften Kontrolleure“ – wie Sozialarbeiter_innen im Handlungsfeld Jugendgerichtshilfe Dokumente in Gesprächen mit ihren Adressat_innen zum Einsatz bringen. Es zeigt sich, dass Dokumente Jugendgerichtshelfer_innen einerseits dazu dienen, Konflikte zu vermeiden und die Hilfeabsicht die Interaktion bestimmen zu lassen. Andererseits werden auch Funktionen offenbar, die in Strategien der Wahrheitsfindung eingebettet sind und nicht auf Hilfe für die Adressat_innen, sondern auf die Erfüllung des justiziellen Handlungsauftrags zielen. In variierendem Ausmaß fungiert die Akte als Verbündete in der Interaktion und erweitert das sozialarbeiterische Handlungsrepertoire um Möglichkeiten, sich als Helfer_in darzustellen – jedoch nicht nur der Adressat_innen, sondern vor allem des Gerichts. So deuten die Ergebnisse, erstens, darauf hin, dass der Einbezug von Dokumenten in die Interaktion die Gefahr in sich birgt, dass Sozialarbeiter_innen ihre Handlungspraxis standardisieren und dabei eine juristische Handlungslogik antizipieren. Analog dazu weist, zweitens, auch ein diachroner Vergleich von Bezugnahmen auf Dokumente in den Gesprächen zwischen Sozialarbeiter_innen und ihren Adressat_innen auf eine Verschiebung der Selbstpositionierungen von Sozialarbeiter_innen in Richtung ihres justiziellen Hilfeauftrags hin.
Serosurvey on healthcare personnel caring for patients with Ebola virus disease and Lassa virus in the United States
Authors: Kraft Colleen S. , Mehta Aneesh K. , Varkey Jay B. , Lyon G. Marshall , Vanairsdale Sharon , Bell Sonia , Burd Eileen M. , Sexton Mary Elizabeth , Cassidy Leslie Anne , Olinger Patricia , Rengarajan Kalpana , Raabe Vanessa N. , Davis Emily , Henderson Scott , DesRoches Paula , Xu Yongxian , Mulligan Mark J. , Ribner Bruce S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjective:Healthcare personnel (HCP) were recruited to provide serum samples, which were tested for antibodies against Ebola or Lassa virus to evaluate for asymptomatic seroconversion.Setting:From 2014 to 2016, 4 patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) and 1 patient with Lassa fever (LF) were treated in the Serious Communicable Diseases Unit (SCDU) at Emory University Hospital. Strict infection control and clinical biosafety practices were implemented to prevent nosocomial transmission of EVD or LF to HCP.Participants:All personnel who entered the SCDU who were required to measure their temperatures and complete a symptom questionnaire twice daily were eligible.Results:No employee developed symptomatic EVD or LF. EVD and LF antibody studies were performed on sera samples from 42 HCP. The 6 participants who had received investigational vaccination with a chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 vectored Ebola glycoprotein vaccine had high antibody titers to Ebola glycoprotein, but none had a response to Ebola nucleoprotein or VP40, or a response to LF antigens.Conclusions:Patients infected with filoviruses and arenaviruses can be managed successfully without causing occupation-related symptomatic or asymptomatic infections. Meticulous attention to infection control and clinical biosafety practices by highly motivated, trained staff is critical to the safe care of patients with an infection from a special pathogen.
Reproducibility and validity of portable haemoglobinometer for the diagnosis of anaemia in children under the age of 5 years
Authors: da Silva Pereira Alessandra , de Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro , Bezerra Flávia Fioruci , Nogueira Neto José Firmino , da Silva Ana Carolina Feldenheimer 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Portable haemoglobinometers have been used in order to estimate the prevalence of anaemia in diverse settings. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate their performance in children of different age groups in distinct epidemiological contexts. To evaluate the reproducibility and reliability of a portable haemoglobinometer for the diagnosis of anaemia in children <5 years Hb was measured in the venous blood of 351 children <5 years by an automated system (standard method) and in three capillary blood samples, using a portable haemoglobinometer (HemoCue®; test method). The reproducibility of the device and of the test method was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (Hb in its continuous form), κ and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted κ (PABAK) (categorised variable: anaemia: yes/no). For test method validation, Bland–Altman analyses were performed and sensitivity, specificity, accuracy rate, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. The haemoglobinometer presented good device reproducibility (ICC = 0·79) and reasonable method reproducibility (puncture, collection and reading) (ICC = 0·71). Superficial and fair agreement (κ) and good agreement (PABAK) were observed among the diagnoses obtained through the test method. The prevalence of anaemia was 19·1 and 19·7 % using the standard and the test method, respectively, with no statistically significant differences. The test method presented higher specificity (87·7 %) and NPV (88·3 %) than sensitivity (50·7 %) and PPV (49·3 %), and intermediary accuracy rate (57·8 %). HemoCue® showed good device reproducibility and reasonable method reproducibility, as well as good performance in estimating the prevalence of anaemia. Nevertheless, it showed a fair reliability and low individual diagnostic accuracy.
Can a Foreigner Own Land in Nigeria? The Supreme Court Decision inGerhard Huebner v Aeronautical Industrial Engineering and Project Management Company Limited
Authors: Ogbuabor Chukwunweike A , Ajah Damian Uche 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a landmark decision on 17 April 2017, the Supreme Court of Nigeria held that foreigners cannot legally and validly own land in Nigeria. This decision is of significant interest for the international investing community. The decision is a curious one and deserves close scrutiny. It was based on the court's interpretation that the Land Use Act provides that all lands in Nigeria are to be held in trust by the governor of each state for the use and benefit of all Nigerians. This note posits that the Supreme Court decision was completely erroneous and that, contrary to that decision, the correct position of the law is that foreigners can lawfully and validly own land in Nigeria provided that they are not enemy aliens.
Single nucleotide polymorphism heritability and differential patterns of genetic overlap between inattention and four neurocognitive factors in youth
Authors: Micalizzi Lauren , Brick Leslie A. , Marraccini Marisa E. , Benca-Bachman Chelsie E. , Palmer Rohan H.C. , Knopik Valerie S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTheoretical models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder implicate neurocognitive dysfunction, yet neurocognitive functioning covers a range of abilities that may not all be linked with inattention. This study (a) investigated the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability (h2SNP) of inattention and aspects of neurocognitive efficiency (memory, social cognition, executive function, and complex cognition) based on additive genome-wide effects; (b) examined if there were shared genetic effects among inattention and each aspect of neurocognitive efficiency; and (c) conducted an exploratory genome-wide association study to identify genetic regions associated with inattention. The sample included 3,563 participants of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, a general population sample aged 8–21 years who completed the Penn Neurocognitive Battery. Data on inattention was obtained with the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders (adapted). Genomic relatedness matrix restricted maximum likelihood was implemented in genome-wide complex trait analysis. Analyses revealed significant h2SNP for inattention (20%, SE = 0.08), social cognition (13%, SE = 0.08), memory (17%, SE = 0.08), executive function (25%, SE = 0.08), and complex cognition (24%, SE = 0.08). There was a positive genetic correlation (0.67, SE = 0.37) and a negative residual covariance (−0.23, SE = 0.06) between inattention and social cognition. No SNPs reached genome-wide significance for inattention. Results suggest specificity in genetic overlap among inattention and different aspects of neurocognitive efficiency.
Altered platelet proteome in lupus anticoagulant (LA)-positive patients—protein disulfide isomerase and NETosis as new players in LA-related thrombosis
Authors: Hell Lena , Lurger Kristina , Mauracher Lisa-Marie , Grilz Ella , Reumiller Christina Maria , Schmidt Georg Johannes , Ercan Huriye , Koder Silvia , Assinger Alice , Basilio José , Gebhart Johanna , Ay Cihan , Pabinger Ingrid , Zellner Maria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPatients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are at high risk of developing venous and arterial thromboembolism (TE). The role of platelets in the pathogenesis of these prothrombotic conditions is not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to gain mechanistic insights into the role of platelets in APS by comparing the platelet proteome between lupus anticoagulant (LA)-positive patients with (LA+ TE+) and without a history of TE (LA+ TE−) and healthy controls. The platelet proteome of 47 patients with LA, 31 with a history of TE and 16 without thrombotic history, and 47 healthy controls was analyzed by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to identify disease-related proteins. Afterward, selected LA-related platelet proteins were validated by western blot and ELISA. Alterations of 25 proteins were observed between the study groups. STRING pathway analysis showed that LA-related protein profiles were involved in platelet activation, aggregation, and degranulation. For example, protein disulfide isomerase family members, enzymes that promote thrombosis, were upregulated in platelets and plasma of LA+ TE+ patients. Leukocyte elastase inhibitor (SERPINB1), an antagonist of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, was decreased in platelets of LA+ TE+ patients compared to healthy controls. Additionally, citrullinated histone H3, a NET-specific marker, was increased in plasma of LA+ TE+ patients. These findings suggest that decreased platelet SERPINB1 levels favor prothrombotic NETosis, especially in LA+ TE+ patients. Our findings reveal protein abundance changes connected to altered platelet function in LA-positive patients, thus suggesting a pathogenic role of platelets in thrombotic complications in APS.
Inhibition of the mitochondrial citrate carrier, Slc25a1, reverts steatosis, glucose intolerance, and inflammation in preclinical models of NAFLD/NASH
Authors: Tan Mingjun , Mosaoa Rami , Graham Garrett T. , Kasprzyk-Pawelec Anna , Gadre Shreyas , Parasido Erika , Catalina-Rodriguez Olga , Foley Patricia , Giaccone Giuseppe , Cheema Amrita , Kallakury Bhaskar , Albanese Chris , Yi Chunling , Avantaggiati Maria Laura 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its evolution to inflammatory steatohepatitis (NASH) are the most common causes of chronic liver damage and transplantation that are reaching epidemic proportions due to the upraising incidence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes. Currently, there is no approved treatment for NASH. The mitochondrial citrate carrier, Slc25a1, has been proposed to play an important role in lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential role for this protein in the pathogenesis of this disease. Here, we show that Slc25a1 inhibition with a specific inhibitor compound, CTPI-2, halts salient alterations of NASH reverting steatosis, preventing the evolution to steatohepatitis, reducing inflammatory macrophage infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue, while starkly mitigating obesity induced by a high-fat diet. These effects are differentially recapitulated by a global ablation of one copy of the Slc25a1 gene or by a liver-targeted Slc25a1 knockout, which unravel dose-dependent and tissue-specific functions of this protein. Mechanistically, through citrate-dependent activities, Slc25a1 inhibition rewires the lipogenic program, blunts signaling from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits the expression of gluconeogenic genes. The combination of these activities leads not only to inhibition of lipid anabolic processes, but also to a normalization of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance as well. In summary, our data show for the first time that Slc25a1 serves as an important player in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease and thus, provides a potentially exploitable and novel therapeutic target.
Long noncoding RNA FOXD2-AS1 enhances chemotherapeutic resistance of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via STAT3 activation
Authors: Li Rui , Chen Shuwei , Zhan Jiandong , Li Xinghua , Liu Wenlin , Sheng Xiaoli , Lu Zhongming , Zhong Rong , Chen Liangsi , Luo Xiaoning , Hu Yameng , Ouyang Ying , Liu Tao , Zhang Quan , Zhang Siyi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common head and neck cancer. Despite recently improved management of LSCC, chemotherapy resistance of patients remains a challenge. In this study, we identified that long noncoding RNA FOXD2-AS1 regulates LSCC therapeutic resistance by augmenting LSCC stemness. LSCC chemotherapy-resistant patients showed increased FOXD2-AS1 expression compared with that in chemotherapy-sensitive patients, which predicted poor prognosis. Gain- or loss-of-function experiments showed that upregulated FOXD2-AS1 maintained cancer stemness, reducing the response to chemotherapy, while FOXD2-AS1 downregulation had the opposite effects. FOXD2-AS1 acted as a scaffold for STAT3 and PRMT5, promoting STAT3 transcriptional activity, which is essential to maintain cancer stemness and promote chemotherapeutic resistance. Interfering with FOXD2-AS1 using short hairpin RNA rescued LSCC’s chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Thus, FOXD2-AS1 promotes LSCC chemotherapeutic resistance and is an upstream activator of STAT3, making FOXD2-AS1 a potential therapeutic target to improve the chemotherapy effect in LSCC patients.
Lavender essential oil induces oxidative stress which modifies the bacterial membrane permeability of carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yang Shun-Kai , Yusoff Khatijah , Thomas Warren , Akseer Riaz , Alhosani Maryam Sultan , Abushelaibi Aisha , Lim Swee-Hua-Erin , Lai Kok-Song 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMisuse of antibiotics in the clinical and agricultural sectors has caused the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae which contributes a threat to human health. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of lavender essential oil (LVO) as an antimicrobial agent in combinatory therapy with meropenem in suppressing the growth of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-KP). Synergistic interactions between LVO and meropenem were detected, which significantly reduce the inhibitory concentration of both LVO and meropenem by 15 and 4-fold respectively. Comparative proteomic profiling identified a disruption in the bacterial membrane via oxidative stress that was indicated by loss of membrane and cytoplasmic proteins and the upregulation of oxidative regulators. As a proof of concept, zeta potential measurements showed a change in cell surface charge while outer membrane permeability measurement indicated an increase in membrane permeability following exposure to LVO. This was indicative of a disrupted outer membrane. Ethidium bromide influx/efflux assays demonstrated no significant efflux pump inhibition by LVO, and scanning electron microscopy revealed irregularities on the cell surface after exposure to LVO. Oxidative stress was also detected with increased level of ROS and lipid peroxidation in LVO-treated cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that LVO induced oxidative stress in K. pneumoniae which oxidizes the outer membrane, enabling the influx of generated ROS, LVO and meropenem into the bacterial cells, causing damage to the cells and eventually death.
Lethal methemoglobinemia in the invasive brown treesnake after acetaminophen ingestion
Authors: Mathies Tom , Mauldin Richard E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe invasive brown treesnake(Boiga irregularis)has extirpated much of Guam’s native birdlife and poses significant threats to other parts of the western Pacific. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a proven lethal oral toxicant in reptiles but the physiological mechanism is unknown. The effects of a lethal APAP oral dose on methemoglobin (MetHb, non-oxygen carrying form) levels and other blood parameters were examined in brown treesnakes. Co-oximetry was used to measure MetHb (%) and other hemoglobin species. Assessment of red blood cell integrity, white blood cell differential counts, and plasma biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate tissue damage, stress, and liver function. Changes in oxygen carrying capacity were noted in APAP-treated snakes indicated by a 50–60% increase in methemoglobin levels and a 40% decrease in oxyhemoglobin (oxygen-carrying form) levels compared to controls. APAP-treated snakes had decreased lymphocyte and increased monocyte counts while also having increased levels of blood analytes associate with impaired liver function and muscle damage. The proximate cause of death in APAP-treated snakes was likely acute methemoglobinemia and respiratory failure due to severe hypoxia with no observed signs of distress or pain. An orally-ingested lethal dose of APAP appears to be a humane method for lethal control of this species.
Phytoremediation potential of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), two United States native varieties, to remove bisphenol-A (BPA) from aqueous media
Authors: Phouthavong-Murphy Jacob C. , Merrill Alyssa K. , Zamule Stephanie , Giacherio David , Brown Beverly , Roote Carol , Das Padmini 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlastic wastes burdening Earth’s water and accumulating on land, releasing toxic leachates, are one of the greatest global threats of our time. Bisphenol-A (BPA), a potent endocrine disrupting compound, is a synthetic ingredient of the polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins used in food containers, cans, and water bottles. Bisphenol-A’s rising concentrations in the environment require a sustainable alternative to current removal practices, which are expensive and/or ecologically unsafe. Switchgrass offers a safe alternative. To investigate its potential for BPA removal, two United States native switchgrass varieties where tested in hydroponic media. Results show minimal hydrolysis and photolysis of BPA over 55 days, confirming its persistence. Both generic and heavy metal switchgrass exhibited statistically significant (p < 0.0001) BPA removal (40% and 46%, respectively) over approximately 3 months, underscoring switchgrass’s effectiveness for BPA removal. Significantly higher (p < 0.005) BPA accumulation in roots than shoots and nonsignificant variances in biomass, chlorophyll (p > 0.19), and peroxidase between BPA-treated and untreated plants indicates substantial BPA tolerance in both varieties. Kinetic parameters of BPA removal and translocation factors were also determined, which will inform the design of BPA removal phytotechnologies for a variety of soil conditions, including landfills where BPA accumulation is greatest.
Acclimation, priming and memory in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to cold stress
Authors: Leuendorf Jan Erik , Frank Manuel , Schmülling Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBecause stress experiences are often recurrent plants have developed strategies to remember a first so-called priming stress to eventually respond more effectively to a second triggering stress. Here, we have studied the impact of discontinuous or sustained cold stress (4 °C) onin vitrogrownArabidopsis thalianaseedlings of different age and their ability to get primed and respond differently to a later triggering stress. Cold treatment of 7-d-old seedlings induced the expression of cold response genes but did not cause a significantly enhanced freezing resistance. The competence to increase the freezing resistance in response to cold was associated with the formation of true leaves. Discontinuous exposure to cold only during the night led to a stepwise modest increase in freezing tolerance provided that the intermittent phase at ambient temperature was less than 32 h. Seedlings exposed to sustained cold treatment developed a higher freezing tolerance which was further increased in response to a triggering stress during three days after the priming treatment had ended indicating cold memory. Interestingly, in all scenarios the primed state was lost as soon as the freezing tolerance had reached the level of naïve plants indicating that an effective memory was associated with an altered physiological state. Known mutants of the cold stress response (cbfs,erf105) and heat stress memory (fgt1) did not show an altered behaviour indicating that their roles do not extend to memory of cold stress inArabidopsisseedlings.