bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalent Statin Use in Long‐Stay Nursing Home Residents with Life‐Limiting Illness
Authors: Mack Deborah S. , Tjia Jennifer , Hume Anne L. , Lapane Kate L. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with statin pharmacotherapy in long‐stay nursing home residents with life‐limiting illness.DESIGNCross‐sectional.SETTINGUS Medicare‐ and Medicaid‐certified nursing home facilities.PARTICIPANTSLong‐stay nursing home resident Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged 65 years or older with life‐limiting illness (n = 424 212).MEASUREMENTSPrevalent statin use was estimated as any low‐moderate intensity (daily dose low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol [LDL‐C] reduction <30%‐50%) and high‐intensity (daily dose LDL‐C reduction >50%) use via Medicare Part D claims for a prescription supply on September 30, 2016, with a 90‐day look‐back period. Life‐limiting illness was operationally defined to capture those near the end of life using evidence‐based criteria to identify progressive terminal conditions or limited prognoses (<6 mo). Poisson models provided estimates of adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for resident factors.RESULTSA total of 34% of residents with life‐limiting illness were prescribed statins (65‐75 y = 44.0%, high intensity = 11.1%; >75 y = 31.1%, high intensity = 5.4%). Prevalence of statins varied by life‐limiting illness definition. Of those with a prognosis of less than 6 months, 23% of the 65 to 75 and 12% of the older than 75 age groups were on statins. Factors positively associated with statin use included minority race or ethnicity, use of more than five concurrent medications, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or risk factors.CONCLUSIONDespite having a life‐limiting illness, more than one‐third of clinically compromised long‐stay nursing home residents remain on statins. Although recent national guidelines have expanded indications for statins, the benefit of continued therapy in an advanced age population near the end of life is questionable. Efforts to deprescribe statins in the nursing home setting may be warranted. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:708–716, 2020
A stereological study of developmental changes in hepatocyte ultrastructure of zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Zielińska Katarzyna Anna , Grealy Maura , Dockery Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHistopathology can reveal toxicant‐induced changes in the structure of a tissue or organ. A prerequisite for histopathological studies is a sound knowledge of the morphology of the anatomical structure in the normal or healthy state. Zebrafish larvae can provide a tool for studies focused on hepatotoxicity at early stages of development; therefore, the fine structure of the organ should be well characterised. To date, liver structure at 72 and 120 hr post‐fertilisation (hpf) has not been reported in detail and this study aimed to fill this scientific gap. A stereological approach allowed for quantitative description of the liver and revealed ultrastructural alterations occurring with time of development. These included a significant increase in the absolute volume of hepatocytes, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) during the period of study. The surface area of rER, and of outer and inner mitochondrial membranes also increased. There was no change in the absolute volume of the nuclei. This study provides a quantitative spatial and temporal framework for future research aiming to detect early developmental changes in the liver.
Patient‐based experiences with the use of an ambulatory electromyographic device for the assessment of masticatory muscle activity during sleep
Authors: Thymi Magdalini , Verhoeff Merel C. , Visscher Corine M. , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to know how easy or difficult it is to use an ambulatory electromyographic (EMG) device for sleep bruxism assessment, and how this might affect its future utilisation.ObjectiveTo explore the experience of individuals using an EMG device that pairs with a smartphone app, in order to detect factors that could facilitate and/or hamper its utilisation in future scientific research.MethodsFifteen adults were recruited in the Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction Clinic of the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA). Overnight recordings were performed in the home setting during one week. Time investment, feelings and thoughts, encountered difficulties and reasons for not using the device were assessed in a diary through open‐ended questions and 5‐point Likert scales. Content analysis of textual data was performed, and descriptives of quantitative data were calculated.ResultsTime investment was low (mean 10.2 minutes in the clinic, and 1.9 minutes per recording at home). Quantitative data showed an overall good experience (median of 4). Qualitative diary data showed that the desire to gain insight into one's masticatory muscle activity formed the main motivation to use the device. Device detachment and difficulty in using the app were the most prominent negative experiences.ConclusionThe EMG device was well accepted for multiple overnight recordings. Curiosity for gaining insight into muscle activity was the most important factor that facilitated its use, and the app addressed this need. Device detachment and difficulties in using the app were the main factors that hampered its use.
Hepatitis B reactivation after kidney transplantation in hepatitis B surface antigen‐negative, core antibody‐positive recipients
Authors: Kim Jihye , Chung Se Jin , Sinn Dong Hyun , Lee Kyo Won , Park Jae Berm , Huh Wooseong , Lee Jung Eun , Jang Hye Ryoun , Kang Wonseok , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Paik Yong‐Han , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Koh Kwang Cheol , Paik Seung Woon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNowadays, intensive immunosuppressive therapy including rituximab is commonly used prior to kidney transplantation (KT), raising concerns over hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative and anti‐hepatitis B core (HBc)‐positive KT recipients. Recent practice guidelines suggested watchful monitoring or antiviral prophylaxis for the first 6‐12 months, the period of maximal immunosuppression. However, the actual risk for HBV reactivation, and whether short‐term antiviral therapy in the early period is necessary, remains unclear. A total of 449 HBsAg‐negative and anti‐HBc‐positive KT recipients were analysed for HBV reactivation. During a median follow‐up of 6.7 (interquartile range: 4.2‐9.4) years, HBV reactivation was observed in 9 patients (2.0%). The median time of HBV reactivation from KT was 2.8 years (range: 1.4‐11.5 years), with cumulative incidence rates of 0%, 1% and 2% for 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. There were no severe adverse outcomes, including liver transplantation or mortality related to HBV reactivation. The risk of HBV reactivation was not high, even in anti‐HBs‐negative patients (n = 60, 4% at 5 years), ABO mismatch (n = 92, 4% at 5 years), use of rituximab (n = 66, 3% at 5 years) or plasmapheresis (n = 17, 7% at 5 years), and acute rejection (n = 169, 3% at 5 years). In conclusion, the HBV reactivation risk was not high and the time of detection was not clustered in the early post‐KT period. Our findings favour continued watchful monitoring over antiviral prophylaxis in the early period.
Topsoil disturbance reshapes diaspore interactions with ground‐foraging animals in a megadiverse grassland
Authors: Arruda Andre J. , Costa Fernanda V. , Guerra Tadeu J. , Junqueira Patrícia A. , Dayrell Roberta L. C. , Messeder João V. S. , Rodrigues Hanna T. S. , Buisson Elise , Silveira Fernando A. O. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQuestionsAnthropogenic disturbances are known to be followed by extremely poor recovery in edaphic grasslands. However, the role of interactions with diaspore predators and secondary dispersers, which compose the dispersal filter and modulate plant community recovery, has been overlooked. We performed field experiments to investigate how soil disturbances affect diaspore interactions with the ground‐foraging fauna to better understand how disturbance influences regeneration potential.LocationCampo rupestre vegetation, megadiverse edaphic grasslands, southeastern Brazil.MethodsWe used diaspores from five native species to compare removal rates between disturbed (top soil removal) and preserved sites; we also controlled invertebrate and vertebrate access to determine their role. In addition, we assessed differences in the diaspore removal effectiveness (DRE) and the structure of animal–diaspore interactions through network based‐approach.ResultsFor three species, the average diaspore removal rates was relatively high (between 30% and 70%). Invertebrates were the most common removal agents in both disturbed and preserved sites. Interactions with foraging fauna and removal rates were 20% smaller in disturbed sites. Considering all diaspore removal events in disturbed sites, 24% resulted in the displacement from disturbed to preserved sites, but no diaspore was transported from preserved to disturbed ones. The animal–diaspore network was exclusively composed by ant–diaspore interactions and was more diverse and robust in preserved sites compared with disturbed ones. Seed predator ants (Pheidole and Dorymyrmex) were more common in disturbed sites. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the DRE between ant species and site types, suggesting specificity in the provision of dispersal services.ConclusionsTopsoil removal affected removal proportions, DRE and ant–diaspore interaction network structure. The lack of diaspore dispersal towards disturbed sites indicates that soil removal affects secondary seed removal dynamics, impeding recovery potential. Disturbance negatively affected diaspore fate by reshaping interactions with ground‐foraging secondary seed dispersers and predators, constraining the development of seed bank and thus impacting upon vegetation dynamics and resilience.
The painful tooth: mechanisms, presentation and differential diagnosis of odontogenic pain
Authors: Allison J. R. , Stone S. J. , Pigg M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPain arising for the teeth and supporting structures is a very common complaint, affecting around 9% of adults in the UK, and it can sometimes be difficult to determine the exact cause. In this narrative review, we explore the underlying neurophysiology of odontogenic pain and describe the relevance of this to clinical practise. We discuss characteristic features of pain arising from the various dentoalveolar structures and common oral disorders, and consider that non‐odontogenic pain may occasionally present as toothache. As well as describing current approaches to reaching a reliable diagnosis, we also discuss some innovative techniques and potential future developments in this area.
Retrospective review of drug‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis cases at a pediatric tertiary care institution
Authors: Sibbald Cathryn , Putterman Elana , Micheletti Robert , Treat James , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesStevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis represent important sources of potential mortality and morbidity in children. There is a need for more clinical data in this population to determine whether specific treatments preferentially improve outcomes.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective review of children admitted with drug‐induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis or Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap at a tertiary care pediatric institution in North America from 2008 to 2018. Patients without a dermatology assessment and diagnosis were excluded. Demographic, clinical, and treatment information were abstracted and reviewed for all included patients.ResultsSixteen patients were identified, 43% female (7/16), with a mean age at presentation of 10.4 ± 5.2 years. Antibiotics were implicated in 56.3% of patients (9/16) and anticonvulsants in 31.3% (5/16). Sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim was the triggering antibiotic in 31.3% of patients. The majority of patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin alone (50%, 8/16) or intravenous immunoglobulin with steroids (25%, 4/16). Etanercept was added to intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroid in a 2‐year‐old patient, resulting in clinical stabilization and halting of epidermolysis. No patients died. Clinical sequelae were noted in five patients, including ocular complications (n = 4), labial adhesions (n = 1), and persistent skin dyspigmentation (n = 3).ConclusionsOur results highlight that sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim is an important cause of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome‐toxic epidermal necrolysis in children. Mortality was reassuringly low, but ocular sequelae were an important cause of morbidity. More data are needed to help determine whether specific treatments including etanercept may provide mortality or morbidity benefit in pediatric populations.
Pathotype diversification in the invasive PstS2 clonal lineage of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causing yellow rust on durum and bread wheat in Lebanon and Syria in 2010–2011
Authors: El Amil Rola , Ali Sajid , Bahri Bochra , Leconte Marc , de Vallavieille‐Pope Claude , Nazari Kumarse 
Published: February 2020

AbstractYellow rust is the major wheat disease in central West Asia and North Africa. Recently, severe epidemics have occurred, with major yield losses in 2010–2011 in Lebanon and Syria. We conducted an extensive field survey, with a collection of 273 samples of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, to explore the origin of these epidemics. All samples were genotyped with 20 microsatellite markers, and 54 isolates were pathotyped. The population was dominated by the PstS2 lineage, which has spread worldwide since 2000 and displays considerable pathotype diversity (10 pathotypes). The 22 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) detected corresponded to variants of the clonal lineage PstS2, but they differed from the common PstS2 genotype found in the worldwide study conducted between 1981 and 2010. No strong differentiation was observed between Lebanon and Syria. The dominant MLG in Syria was common to both countries. Nine MLGs were found exclusively in the Syrian population and four were restricted to the Lebanese population, including the dominant MLG in Lebanon. The predominant MLG‐11 was found in nine pathotypes, at high frequency. The dominant pathotype in Syria was virulent against widely deployed resistance genes (Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr25, and Yr27); virulence against Yr3, Yr8, Yr17, and YrSP occurred at various frequencies, but Yr1, Yr4, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, and Yr32 were effective against all isolates. No host effect was detected. The presence of diverse host populations consisting of landraces and elite varieties, and diverse climatic conditions may account for the unexpectedly high diversity of this clonal population.
In vitro development of IVF‐derived bovine embryos following cytoplasmic microinjection for the episomal expression of the IGF2 gene
Authors: Campagnolo Karine , Ledur Ongaratto Felipe , Rodrigues de Freitas Camila , Peña Bello Camilo Andrés , Rodrigues Willhelm Bruna , de Mattos Karine , Rigo Rodrigues José Luiz , Bertolini Marcelo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImportant genomic imprinting changes usually occur following the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos, especially in the imprinting pattern of components of the IGF system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a transient episomal overexpression of the IGF2 gene in bovine IVP embryos following embryo cytoplasmic microinjection (CMI) at the 1‐cell stage on embryo survival, early and late developmental kinetics and morphological quality up to Day 7 of development. Selected cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured and fertilized in vitro and subsequently segregated into six experimental groups: non‐CMI control group and five CMI groups at increasing doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/μl) of a GFP vector built for the episomal expression of bovine IGF2. Zygote CMI was effective in delivering the expression vector into the ooplasm, irrespective of the groups, with 58% of positive GFP fluorescence in Day 7 blastocysts. Considering developmental rates and late embryo kinetics, the 10‐ng/μl CMI vector dose promoted a lower blastocyst rate (10.4%), but for blastocysts at more advanced stages of development (93.0% blastocysts and expanded blastocysts), and higher number of cells (116.0 ± 3.0) than non‐CMI controls (23.3%, 75.0% and 75.0 ± 6.8 were obtained, respectively). In conclusion, CMI at the 1‐cell stage did not compromise subsequent in vitro development of surviving embryos, with the 10‐ng/μl group demonstrating a possible growth‐promoting effect of the IGF2 gene on embryo development, from the 1‐cell to the blastocyst stage.
Technological complexity and economic development
Authors: Nepelski Daniel , De Prato Giuditta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough technological complexity seems to be a crucial determinant of economic development, it remains insufficiently explored. Relying on microinformation stored in individual patent applications and by applying the network view of countries linked to the technologies they develop, we create a global technology space and derive complexity measures that position countries in this space. We use then the measures of technological diversification and the ubiquity of technologies present in a country’s technology portfolio as an input to explain the role of technological complexity in countries’ income and economic development. We show that a country’s position in the global technology space affects its level of income and growth. The main channel through which it happens is the exclusiveness and uniqueness of the technological portfolio a country has, as compared to the remaining countries.
Falling through the social safety net? Analysing non‐take‐up of minimum income benefit and monetary social assistance in Austria
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Gasior Katrin , Premrov Tamara , Hollan Katarina , Scoppetta Anette 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNon‐take‐up of means tested benefits is a widespread phenomenon in European welfare states. The paper assesses whether the reform that replaced the monetary social assistance benefit by the minimum income benefit in Austria in 2010/11 has succeeded in increasing take up rates. We use EU‐SILC register data together with the tax‐benefit microsimulation model EUROMOD/SORESI. The results show that the reform led to a significant decrease of non‐take‐up from 53 to 30% in terms of the number of households and from 51 to 30% in terms of expenditure. Following the three‐t's (threshold, trigger, and trade‐off) introduced by Van Oorschot, estimates of a two‐stage Heckman selection model as well as expert interviews indicate that the taken measures include both threshold and trade‐off characteristics. Elements such as the higher degree of anonymity within the claiming process, the provision of health insurance, binding minimum standards, the limitation of the maintenance obligations, new regulations related to the liquidation of wealth, as well as the general coverage of the benefit reform in the media and in public discussions led to an improved access to the benefit.
Convenience biosensing approach of lactic acid in stratum corneum for skin care assessment
Authors: Mizukoshi Koji , Arakawa Takahiro , Mitsubayashi Kohji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLactic acid in the stratum corneum contributes to skin flexibility, making it a useful indicator of skin conditions. It is this useful to devise a simple technique to measure the lactic acid in the stratum corneum. To this aim, a printed chip biosensor was developed to analyze lactic acid in tape stripped (TS) stratum corneum samples.Materials and MethodsLactic acid was extracted from TS stratum corneum samples. A normal lactic acid sensor was prepared by applying lactate oxidase (LOD) to a printed chip. Another lactic acid sensor was prepared using LOD and a mediator osmium polymer immobilized on a printed chip. The amount of lactic acid in the extracted solutions was quantified using either the prepared biosensors or an existing analysis method.ResultsThe results measured using the normal lactic acid sensor show low correlation with the results measured using an existing analytical method as a comparison, but those of the mediator osmium lactic acid sensor show high correlation.ConclusionsThe amount of lactic acid in samples extracted from the stratum corneum using a simple TS technique can be simply analyzed with high accuracy using a printed chip biosensor.
Divergence of 3′ ends as a driver of short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) evolution in the Salicaceae
Authors: Kögler Anja , Seibt Kathrin M. , Heitkam Tony , Morgenstern Kristin , Reiche Birgit , Brückner Marie , Wolf Heino , Krabel Doris , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: February 2020

SummaryShort interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are small, non‐autonomous and heterogeneous retrotransposons that are widespread in plants. To explore the amplification dynamics and evolutionary history of SINE populations in representative deciduous tree species, we analyzed the genomes of the six following Salicaceae species: Populus deltoides, Populus euphratica, Populus tremula, Populus tremuloides, Populus trichocarpa, and Salix purpurea. We identified 11 Salicaceae SINE families (SaliS‐I to SaliS‐XI), comprising 27 077 full‐length copies. Most of these families harbor segmental similarities, providing evidence for SINE emergence by reshuffling or heterodimerization. We observed two SINE groups, differing in phylogenetic distribution pattern, similarity and 3′ end structure. These groups probably emerged during the ‘salicoid duplication’ (~65 million years ago) in the Salix–Populus progenitor and during the separation of the genus Salix (45–65 million years ago), respectively. In contrast to conserved 5′ start motifs across species and SINE families, the 3′ ends are highly variable in sequence and length. This extraordinary 3′‐end variability results from mutations in the poly(A) tail, which were fixed by subsequent amplificational bursts. We show that the dissemination of newly evolved 3′ ends is accomplished by a displacement of older motifs, leading to various 3′‐end subpopulations within the SaliS families.