bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential taurine effect on outgrowth from goldfish retinal ganglion cells after optic crush or axotomy. Influence of the optic tectum
Authors: Cubillos S. , Urbina M. , Lima L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe interaction between innervated tissues, targets and nerves is crucial in the maintenance of physiological conditions, and the disturbance of this harmony causes the production of morphological and biochemical changes. After lesion of the optic nerve, several modifications take place in the retina, the optic tectum and the optic nerve. The influence of the tectum on the outgrowth from the goldfish retina and the possible role of taurine was studied. Ganglion retinal cells were identified by retrolabeling with Dil. Crushing the optic nerve 10 days prior to plating retinal cells, as compared with optic axotomy, did not affect the survival of cultured retinal cells, as well as the length of the neurites. However, the number of neurites per cell and the branching of the longest fiber were higher after axotomy than after crushing. The addition of taurine to the medium did not modify this response at 5 days in culture. At early periods in culture, the stimulatory effect on isolated ganglion cell outgrowth produced by taurine was enhanced after axotomy respecting crushing of the optic nerve, but was not affected in retinal explants. The addition of medium from cultured optic tectum several days post‐crush of the optic nerve to retinal explants from intact retinas or coming from post‐crush retina modified the outgrowth, being inhibitory or stimulatory in a time‐dependent manner. The co‐culture of optic tectum and retina also affected the outgrowth from the retina with a byphasic shape. The results support the differential response of the retina facing partial or complete interruption with the target and limit the effect of taurine to early periods in culture. In addition, the production of inhibitory factors from the tectum, plus the stimulatory ones, are strongly supported by this work.
Quality Assurance in Psychiatry: Concept and Methods
Authors: Gaebel W 
Published: July 2002

SummaryQuality assurance is the corrective action applied to any observed discrepancy between optimal and actual level of medical care requiring continuous quality control. Obviously, quality assurance is of utmost importance also in psychiatric practice. Quality care as defined by the degree of adherence to standards and guidelines can be measured in terms of structural, process and outcome indicators applied to inpatient, outpatient and complementary services. To promote the implementation of practice guidelines into psychiatric care conceptual, methodological, and organisational requirements must be taken into account.
Intercalation of Porphyrin‐Based SURMOF in Layered Eu(III) Hydroxide: An Approach Toward Symbimetic Hybrid Materials
Authors: Sokolov Maksim R. , Enakieva Yulia Yu. , Yapryntsev Alexey D. , Shiryaev Andrey A. , Zvyagina Alexandra I. , Kalinina Maria A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA strategy for rational design of synergetic hybrid materials exploiting stabilization of intercalated layered matrices via coordination bonding is described. A new hybrid material is assembled through subsequent intercalation of the surface‐anchored metal–organic framework (SURMOF) components, zinc acetate and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐porphyrin‐zinc(II) (ZnTCPP), into the layered europium(III) hydroxychloride (LEuH). The formation of the SURMOF clusters intercalated in LEuH is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, and BET nitrogen absorption methods. The catalytic function of the SURMOF/LEuH hybrid and its components in the model reaction of hydrolysis of bis(4‐nitrophenyl) phosphate in the acidic solution is studied by UV–vis and MALDI‐TOF spectroscopy. Both the non‐intercalated matrix and the MOF powder are inactive and unstable in the substrate solution. Unlike its components, the SURMOF/LEuH hybrid exhibits synergetic catalytic activity increasing with the amount of the intercalated compounds because of the mutual stabilization of the components through coordination interactions. The results provide a basis for symbimetic (mimicking the symbiotic behavior in biological systems) hybrid materials, in which stabilization of functional units in the intercalated structure translates into a synergy of useful properties.
2D Electrets of Ultrathin MoO2 with Apparent Piezoelectricity
Authors: Apte Amey , Mozaffari Kosar , Samghabadi Farnaz Safi , Hachtel Jordan A. , Chang Long , Susarla Sandhya , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Moore David C. , Glavin Nicholas R. , Litvinov Dmitri , Sharma Pradeep , Puthirath Anand B. , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince graphene, a variety of 2D materials have been fabricated in a quest for a tantalizing combination of properties and desired physiochemical behavior. 2D materials that are piezoelectric, i.e., that allow for a facile conversion of electrical energy into mechanical and vice versa, offer applications for sensors, actuators, energy harvesting, stretchable and flexible electronics, and energy storage, among others. Unfortunately, materials must satisfy stringent symmetry requirements to be classified as piezoelectric. Here, 2D ultrathin single‐crystal molybdenum oxide (MoO2) flakes that exhibit unexpected piezoelectric‐like response are fabricated, as MoO2 is centrosymmetric and should not exhibit intrinsic piezoelectricity. However, it is demonstrated that the apparent piezoelectricity in 2D MoO2 emerges from an electret‐like behavior induced by the trapping and stabilization of charges around defects in the material. Arguably, the material represents the first 2D electret material and suggests a route to artificially engineer piezoelectricity in 2D crystals. Specifically, it is found that the maximum out‐of‐plane piezoresponse is 0.56 pm V−1, which is as strong as that observed in conventional 2D piezoelectric materials. The charges are found to be highly stable at room temperature with a trapping energy barrier of ≈2 eV.
Isotopically Encoded Nanotags for Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging
Authors: Harmsen Stefan , Coskun Ahmet F. , Ganesh Shambavi , Nolan Garry P. , Gambhir Sanjiv S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh‐dimensional profiling of markers and analytes using approaches, such as barcoded fluorescent imaging with repeated labeling and mass cytometry has allowed visualization of biological processes at the single‐cell level. To address limitations of sensitivity and mass‐channel capacity, a nanobarcoding platform is developed for multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI) using secondary ion beam spectrometry that utilizes fabricated isotopically encoded nanotags. Use of combinatorial isotope distributions in 100 nm sized nanotags expands the labeling palette to overcome the spectral bounds of mass channels. As a proof‐of‐principle, a four‐digit (i.e., 0001–1111) barcoding scheme is demonstrated to detect 16 variants of 2H, 19F, 79/81Br, and 127I elemental barcode sets that are encoded in silica nanoparticle matrices. A computational debarcoding method and an automated machine learning analysis approach are developed to extract barcodes for accurate quantification of spatial nanotag distributions in large ion beam imaging areas up to 0.6 mm2. Isotopically encoded nanotags should boost the performance of mass imaging platforms, such as MIBI and other elemental‐based bioimaging approaches.
The Future of Flexible Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Fukuda Kenjiro , Yu Kilho , Someya Takao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExtensive efforts have been devoted during the last decade to organic solar cell research that has led to remarkable progress and achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in excess of 10%. Among the existing flexible organic solar cells, ultrathin organic solar cells with a total thickness <10 µm have important advantages, including good mechanical bending stabilities and good conformability. These advantages have led to power generation solutions for wearable electronics. In this essay, the progress of flexible and ultrathin organic solar cells, and the future research directions pertaining to these cells are discussed based on the potential applications of textile‐compatible solar cells. Both process engineering and development of the material of ultrathin substrate films have improved the PCE of ultrathin organic solar cells, which in turn have led to the small PCE difference between flexible organic solar cells with substrate thickness >10 µm and ultrathin organic solar cells with substrate thickness ≤10 µm. Key technologies for the further improvement of PCE of flexible/ultrathin organic solar cells are discussed. Strategies to improve the stability and some important aspects, which determine the mechanical robustness of flexible organic solar cells, are also presented and discussed.
Improvements to the Overpotential of All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries during the Past Ten Years
Authors: Oh Pilgun , Lee Hyomyung , Park Seohyeon , Cha Hyungyeon , Kim Junhyeok , Cho Jaephil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAfter the research that shows that Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS)‐type sulfide solid electrolytes can reach the high ionic conductivity at the room temperature, sulfide solid electrolytes have been intensively developed with regard to ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. As a result, an increasing volume of research has been conducted to employ all‐solid‐state lithium batteries in electric automobiles within the next five years. To achieve this goal, it is important to review the research over the past decade, and understand the requirements for future research necessary to realize the practical applications of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. To date, research on all‐solid‐state lithium batteries has focused on achieving overpotential properties similar to those of conventional liquid‐lithium‐ion batteries by increasing the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolytes. However, the increase in the ionic conductivity should be accompanied by improvements of the electronic conductivity within the electrode to enable practical applications. This essay provides a critical overview of the recent progress and future research directions of the all‐solid‐state lithium batteries for practical applications.
Design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Molecular Probes for Hyperpolarized Bioimaging
Authors: Kondo Yohei , Nonaka Hiroshi , Takakusagi Yoichi , Sando Shinsuke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNuclear hyperpolarization has emerged as a method to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy. By application of this powerful tool, small molecules with stable isotopes have been used for highly sensitive biomedical molecular imaging. The recent development of molecular probes for hyperpolarized in vivo analysis has demonstrated the ability of this technique to provide unique metabolic and physiological information. This review presents a brief introduction of hyperpolarization technology, approaches to the rational design of molecular probes for hyperpolarized analysis, and examples of molecules that have met with success in vitro or in vivo.
Interaction between muscles and fascia in the mystacial pad of whisking rodents
Authors: Haidarliu Sebastian , Bagdasarian Knarik , Sardonicus Satya , Ahissar Ehud 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn whisking rodents, the mystacial pad is supplied with vibrissae and contains a collagenous skeleton that is a part of the snout fascia. The collagenous skeleton is composed of three interconnected layers: superficial, deep spongy mesh and subcapsular fibrous mat. We found that the first two layers contain diverse fascial structures, such as sheets of subcutaneous connective tissue, tendons, ligaments and follicular capsules which transmit muscle efforts to vibrissae and are thus involved in whisking. Subcapsular fibrous mat is built of oriented rostro‐caudal wavy fibrils. It maintains spatial arrangement of whisker follicles, provides a quick response to deformation and connects entire mystacial pad to the skull. To move vibrissae, the forces of intrinsic muscles are applied directly to the capsules of the vibrissa follicles, whereas the forces of extrinsic muscles are applied to other parts of the collagenous skeleton, which transmit the forces to the capsules. According to the spatial distribution and anchoring sites of the muscles and fascia, extrinsic muscles provide vibrissa protraction or retraction by pulling the superficial layer of the collagenous skeleton rostral or caudal, respectively. Vibrissae can be also retracted when the efforts of extrinsic muscles are applied to the subcapsular fibrous mat. When the muscles relax, fascial structures return the vibrissae to their resting position. The deep spongy layer encompasses vibrissal follicles providing a uniform distribution of stresses and strains during whisking. In the mystacial pad, fascia is a dominant type of tissue that maintains the integrity of the vibrissa motor plant, translates muscular momentum to the vibrissae, and plays a role in vibrissae movements.
Nonlinear time series classification using bispectrum‐based deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Parker Paul A. , Holan Scott H. , Ravishanker Nalini 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTime series classification using novel techniques has experienced a recent resurgence and growing interest from statisticians, subject‐domain scientists, and decision makers in business and industry. This is primarily due to the ever increasing amount of big and complex data produced as a result of technological advances. A motivating example is that of Google trends data, which exhibit highly nonlinear behavior. Although a rich literature exists for addressing this problem, existing approaches mostly rely on first‐ and second‐order properties of the time series, since they typically assume linearity of the underlying process. Often, these are inadequate for effective classification of nonlinear time series data such as Google Trends data. Given these methodological deficiencies and the abundance of nonlinear time series that persist among real‐world phenomena, we introduce an approach that merges higher order spectral analysis with deep convolutional neural networks for classifying time series. The effectiveness of our approach is illustrated using simulated data and two motivating industry examples that involve Google trends data and electronic device energy consumption data.
Metabolic engineering strategies for butanol production in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ferreira Sofia , Pereira Rui , Wahl S. A. , Rocha Isabel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe global market of butanol is increasing due to its growing applications as solvent, flavoring agent, and chemical precursor of several other compounds. Recently, the superior properties of n‐butanol as a biofuel over ethanol have stimulated even more interest. (Bio)butanol is natively produced together with ethanol and acetone by Clostridium species through acetone‐butanol‐ethanol fermentation, at noncompetitive, low titers compared to petrochemical production. Different butanol production pathways have been expressed in Escherichia coli, a more accessible host compared to Clostridium species, to improve butanol titers and rates. The bioproduction of butanol is here reviewed from a historical and theoretical perspective. All tested rational metabolic engineering strategies in E. coli to increase butanol titers are reviewed: manipulation of central carbon metabolism, elimination of competing pathways, cofactor balancing, development of new pathways, expression of homologous enzymes, consumption of different substrates, and molecular biology strategies. The progress in the field of metabolic modeling and pathway generation algorithms and their potential application to butanol production are also summarized here. The main goals are to gather all the strategies, evaluate the respective progress obtained, identify, and exploit the outstanding challenges.
Preoperative imaging for colorectal liver metastases: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Elfrink A K E , Pool M , Werf L R , Marra E , Burgmans M C , Meijerink M R , Dulk M , Boezem P B , Riele W W , Patijn G A , Wouters M W J M , Leclercq W K G , Liem M S L , Gobardhan P D , Buis C I , Kuhlmann K F D , Verhoef C , Besselink M G , Grünhagen D J , Klaase J M , Kok N F M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
In patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) preoperative imaging may include contrast-enhanced (ce) MRI and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET–CT. This study assessed trends and variation between hospitals and oncological networks in the use of preoperative imaging in the Netherlands.

Methods
Data for all patients who underwent liver resection for CRLM in the Netherlands between 2014 and 2018 were retrieved from a nationwide auditing database. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess use of ceMRI, 18F-FDG PET–CT and combined ceMRI and 18F-FDG PET–CT, and trends in preoperative imaging and hospital and oncological network variation.

Results
A total of 4510 patients were included, of whom 1562 had ceMRI, 872 had 18F-FDG PET–CT, and 1293 had combined ceMRI and 18F-FDG PET–CT. Use of ceMRI increased over time (from 9·6 to 26·2 per cent; P &lt; 0·001), use of 18F-FDG PET–CT decreased (from 28·6 to 6·0 per cent; P &lt; 0·001), and use of both ceMRI and 18F-FDG PET–CT 16·9 per cent) remained stable. Unadjusted variation in the use of ceMRI, 18F-FDG PET–CT, and combined ceMRI and 18F-FDG PET–CT ranged from 5·6 to 100 per cent between hospitals. After case-mix correction, hospital and oncological network variation was found for all imaging modalities.

Discussion
Significant variation exists concerning the use of preoperative imaging for CRLM between hospitals and oncological networks in the Netherlands. The use of MRI is increasing, whereas that of 18F-FDG PET–CT is decreasing.
Clinical implications of the arterial supplies and their anastomotic territories in the nasolabial region for avoiding arterial complications during soft tissue filler injection
Authors: Jitaree Benrita , Phumyoo Thirawass , Uruwan Sukanya , Jiirasutat Nuttapatch , Pratoomthai Benjamart , Tansatit Tanvaa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe nasolabial fold (NLF) causes particular concern during aging in the middle face region. However, arterial complications of filler injections at this site have been continually reported during recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the arterial locations and their anastomotic pathways related to filler injection sites in the NLF.Materials and methodsThirty hemi‐faces of 15 embalmed Thai cadavers were dissected. Three anatomical landmarks of NLFs were assigned: the inferior margin level (NLF1), the mid‐philtral horizontal line level (NLF2), and the inferior alar level (NLF3). Ten hemi‐faces of five soft embalmed Thai cadavers underwent a modified Sihler's staining procedure to investigate the arterial anastomoses.ResultsThe artery closest to all of the landmarks was the facial artery. It was located inferomedial to NLF1 in 28%, and the mean distances along the X‐ and Y‐axes were 3.53 ± 2.11 mm and 3.53 ± 1.75 mm, respectively. It was also located medial to NLF2 in 52.1% with an X‐axis distance of 4.93 ± 1.53 mm. Several arteries were located close to NLF3, including the facial (33.3%), lateral nasal (33.3%), and infraorbital (30.0%) arteries. Anastomoses of the nasolabial arteries served to connect both the external–external and internal–external carotid systems.ConclusionsSeveral arteries are located close to NLF1–NLF3. To prevent arterial injury, the locations and anastomotic pathways, as possible sources of severe complications, should be recognized prior to NLF filler injection.
Intravenous leiomyomatosis is inclined to a solid entity different from uterine leiomyoma based on RNA‐seq analysis with RT‐qPCR validation
Authors: Wang Wenze , Wang Yanfeng , Chen Fei , Zhang Ming , Jia Rujing , Liu Xingrong , Zhang Chaoji , Shao Jiang , Cheng Ninghai , Ma Guotao , Zhu Zhaohui , Miao Qi , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionIntravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is currently regarded as a special variant of the common uterine leiomyoma (LM). Though IVL shows a similar histological morphology to LM, IVL is characterized by unique intravenous growth patterns and low‐grade malignant potential, which are quite different from LM. There are currently few studies underlying the molecular alterations of IVL, though this information is important for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease, and for identifying potential biomarkers.MethodWe carried out a high‐throughput whole transcriptome sequencing of tumor and normal tissue samples from five IVL patients and five LM patients and compared the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IVL and leiomyoma. We performed multiple different enrichment and target analyses, and the expression of selected DEGs was validated using RT‐qPCR in formalin‐fixed samples.ResultsOur study identified substantial different genes and pathways between IVL and LM, and functional enrichment analyses found several important pathways, such as angiogenesis and antiapoptosis pathways, as well as important related genes, including SH2D2A, VASH2, ADAM8, GATA2, TNF, and the lncRNA GATA6‐AS1, as being significantly different between IVL and LM (P = .0024, P = .0195, P = .0212, P = .0435, P = .0401, and P = .0246, respectively). CXCL8, LIF, CDKN2A, BCL2A1, COL2A1, IGF1, and HMGA2 were also differently expressed between IVL and LM groups, but showed no statistical difference (P = .2409, P = .1773, P = .0596, P = .2737, P = .1553, P = .1045, and P = .1847, respectively) due to the large differences among individuals. Furthermore, RT‐qPCR results for five selected DEGs in IVL tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues were mainly consistent with our sequencing results.ConclusionOur results indicated that IVL may be a solid entity that is unique and different from LM, proving consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, we identified DEGs, particularly within angiogenesis and antiapoptosis pathway‐related genes that may play crucial roles in the development and pathogenesis of IVL and may be potential specific biomarkers.
Acute fulminant hemolysis after transcatheter mitral valve replacement for mitral annular calcification
Authors: El‐Sabawi Bassim , Guerrero Mayra E. , Eleid Mackram F. , Rihal Charanjit S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTranscatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) is emerging as an alternative treatment strategy to surgery for patients with severe mitral annular calcification (MAC) who are not candidates for traditional mitral valve surgery. Paravalvular leak (PVL) is common following TMVR for severe MAC and can lead to heart failure symptoms and/or intravascular hemolysis, the latter of which usually is clinically stable. We report the case of a 67‐year‐old woman with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and mitral stenosis with MAC in the setting of prior chest irradiation who was treated initially with transcatheter aortic valve replacement followed by TMVR at a later date (Sapien S3 system; Edwards Lifesciences). Immediately following TMVR, she developed acute profound hemolysis which manifested with hemoglobinuria, transfusion‐dependent anemia, and acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy. She was treated with post‐dilation balloon valvuloplasty after failed transcatheter PVL closure 10 days following TMVR with resulting improvement in the PVL. The hemolytic anemia resolved and renal function recovered without the need for continued hemodialysis 2 months later and stabilization of glomerular filtration rate at 6 months. This case highlights a potential severe complication of TMVR in MAC and suggests that improvement in hemolysis and late recovery of renal function may occur following treatment of PVL.