bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Protocols versus Standard Care in Perioperative Management of Radical Cystectomy with Urinary Diversion
Authors: Shoeib M S , Yassin M M , Tolba M K , Mohamed A M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 430 000 new cases in 2012. Bladder cancer has more than 130,000 deaths per year worldwide, with an estimated male: female ratio of 3.8:1.0.

Aim of the Work
to examine the current evidence for ERAS in preoperative, intraoperative and post-operative setting of care for RC patients, to propose ERAS evidence-based protocol for patients undergoing Radical Cystectomy in Egypt environment and to compare the effectiveness of ERAS versus standard care on perioperative outcomes after cystectomy including Length of Hospital Stay,bowel movement, Complications and Readmission Rate in 30Day.

Patients and Methods
This is a prospective randomized comparative study done at the urology departments of Ain Shams University and Nasser institute for research and treatment in 2018. Forty patients were included in this study who were indicated For Radical Cystectomy. They were recruited and randomized in two groups: Group A: where they followed enhanced recovery after Surgery protocols and Group B: where they followed the the classic pre-operative and post-operative protocols.

Results
We finished to that Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in radical cystectomy is safe and not associated with any increase in intraoperative and post-operative complications compared to standard protocol. It is associated with reductions in the length of hospital stay, time to return to full diet, time to flatulence, time for defecation and pain post-operative. There is no difference in 30 day readmission rate between ERAS and Standard Care. Our prospective randomized controlled trial covers most of the items recommended for ERAS excluding the use of a laparoscopic or robotic approach, Audit, and use of alvimopan, a peripherally acting μ-opioid antagonist, which is not available in Egypt. Our study reveals many issues that need to be considered when designing a larger more powered study.

Conclusion
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in radical cystectomy is safe and not associated with any increase in intraoperative and post-operative complications compared to standard protocol. It is associated with reductions in the length of hospital stay, time to return to full diet, time to flatulence, time for defecation and pain post operative. There is no difference in 30 day readmission rate between ERAS and Standard Care.
Assessment Study of Glans Approximation (Wingless Glanuloplasty) for Repair of Distal Penile Hypospadias (Pilot Study)
Authors: Mourad M S , Farouk A , Rateb M H A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Hypospadias refers to a birth defect of the urethra in the male where the urinary opening is not at the correct location on the head of the penis. It is the second most common birth abnormality in boys, affecting approximately 1 of every 300.

Objective
To evaluate the outcomes, safety, efficacy, and cosmetic appearance of glans approximation (wingless glanuloplasty) in treatment of distal penile hypospadias (glanular & coronal).

Patients and Methods
The study was Controlled, Prospective pilot study, conducted on (10) patients with penile hypospadias with different degree (coronal & DPH). This study was done at El- Demerdash University Hospital and take one year. The patients were who fulfill the following inclusion criteria.

Results
As regards the complication rate in our study, we found that these complications similar between the two groups, with non significant differences. Regarding coronal group, complications were detected in 5 out of the 7 cases (2 cases developed infection, and one case with hematoma, catheter blockage or fistula). Regarding DPH group, complications were found in 2 out of the 3 cases (one case for each of hematoma and fistula). None of the studied cases in the two groups developed catheter slippage, meatal stenosis or glans dehiscence.

Conclusion
Approximated glanuloplasty has many advantages, lower operative time, lower blood loss, no need for tourniquet and is a simple procedure for the hypospadiologist.
Subcapsular renal hematoma in patients underwent upper ureteroscopic lithotripsy
Authors: Kotb Y M , Abdelfattah M K , Saleh I M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
to demonstrate the risk factors of developing subcapsular renal hematoma ( SRH) in patients who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy for upper ureteric stones.

Materials and Methods
In a randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with an upper ureteric stone underwent URS lithotripsy either by laser or pneumatic. The inclusion criteria were age above 14 years old, of both sexes with an upper ureteric stone about 2 cm in diameter. Exclusion criteria were age below 14 years old, elevated serum creatinine level, patients with coagulopathies and pregnancy. The perioperative and postoperative outcomes were evaluated and postoperative pelvi-abdominal CT with intravenous contrast was done to detect if a subcapsular hematoma has been developed.

Results
There is no significant association between the formation of subcapsular renal hematoma and degree of hydronephrosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and preoperative bacteriuria as risk factors.

Conclusions
Subcapsular hematoma post-ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) for impacted upper ureteric stones is a rare but potentially serious complication. A high index of suspicion is needed when patients present with significant loin pain and fever after ureteroscopic lithotripsy for obstructing proximal ureteral stones with thin renal cortices. Stone size, degree of hydronephrosis, operation duration, and perfusion pressure of hydraulic irrigation were associated with an increased risk of SRH formation. Management of post-URSL subcapsular hematomas needs to be customized for each patient.
Comparative Study in Sexual Function between Male Renal Transplant Recipient and ESRD Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Shoaab M S , Yassen M M , Elsalakawy A S A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
erectile function is greatly affected in patients with chronic renal failure which manifest itself with various grades of erectile dysfunction which is reflected on physical and psychosocial health of the patients which has a significant impact on quality of life (QOL).

Purpose
to evaluate erectile function in CRF patients on regular hemodialysis versus post renal transplant patients.

Patients and Methods
the study included 50 patients recruited from urology and nephrology outpatient clinic in El Zaitoon and Naser Institute Hospitals during a period of 6 months. The 50 patients were divided into two groups: chronic kidney disease group (DIALYSIS) and renal transplant group (TRANSPLANT).

Results
the domains concerning the sexual performance of IIEF-5 showed that in our study erection function domain showed better results in renal transplantation group (p &lt; 0.003) with median(IQR) in the CKD and renal transplant patients 10(40%) and 15(60%) respectively.

Conclusion
successful kidney transplantation can significantly improve ED in CKD patients, especially in individuals with a shorter time on dialysis. Changes in sex hormone levels may contribute to this improvement in ED.
Role of Balloon Assisted Maturation Technique in the Rate of AVF Maturation in Chronic Renal Failure Patients
Authors: Khatab M S , Essam S M , Aboelfotoh H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
the current recommendations from the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKFDOQI) favors the use of arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) over grafts and central catheters, in an effort to decrease cost, increase long term patency, reduce interventions and decrease patient morbidity.

Purpose
this study was designed to determine the rate of AVF maturation using the (BAM) technique; the primary and secondary patency rate and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the (BAM) technique for the immature or failed AVF.

Patients and Methods
30 chronic renal failure patients were selected for the purpose of this study from patients presented to vascular surgery clinic, Ain Shams University Hospital and Nasr City Hospital.

Results
this study included 30 arteriovenous fistula, belonging to 30 chronic renal failure patient. Their mean age was 57.6 years (±14.6). The demographic characteristics and risk factor distribution are shown below.

Conclusion
endovascular techniques have an important role to play in helping the dialysis community meet the goals of the Fistula First Initiative. To meet these goals, the previously mentioned techniques need to be used in varying degrees to salvage &gt; 95% of the nearly 60% of AVFs that fail to mature. When prolonged catheter time is taken into account, it is imperative to have a systematic method for salvaging these failing accesses before catheter-related complications are encountered.
The optimized preparation of HA/L-TiO2/D-TiO2 composite coating on porous titanium and its effect on the behavior osteoblasts
Authors: Fu Xi , Zhou Xingyu , Liu Pin , Chen Hewei , Xiao Zhanwen , Yuan Bo , Yang Xiao , Zhu Xiangdong , Zhang Kai , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Various surface bioactivation technology has been confirmed to improve the osteogenic ability of porous titanium (pTi) implants effectively. In this study, a three-layered composite coating, i.e. outer layer of hydroxyapatite (HA), middle layer of loose titanium dioxide (L-TiO2) and inner layer of dense TiO2 (D-TiO2), was fabricated on pTi by a combined processing procedure of pickling, alkali heat (AH), anodic oxidation (AO), electrochemical deposition (ED) and hydrothermal treatment (HT). After soaking in simulated body fluid for 48 h, the surface of the AHAOEDHT-treated pTi was completely covered by a homogeneous apatite layer. Using MC3T3-E1 pro-osteoblasts as cell model, the cell culture revealed that both the pTi without surface treatment and the AHAOEDHT sample could support the attachment, growth and proliferation of the cells. Compared to the pTi sample, the AHAOEDHT one induced higher expressions of osteogenesis-related genes in the cells, including alkaline phosphatase, Type I collagen, osteopontin, osteoclast inhibitor, osteocalcin and zinc finger structure transcription factor. As thus, besides the good corrosion resistance, the HA/L-TiO2/D-TiO2-coated pTi had good osteogenic activity, showing good potential in practical application for bone defect repair.
A register of public-sector research organizations as a tool for research policy studies and evaluation
Authors: Lepori Benedetto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article presents the conceptual and methodological design of a register of public-sector organizations, as well as a preliminary delineation of such organizations in Europe. Conceptual and methodological issues are discussed, as well as the potential usage of the register for interlining datasets and analysis. The significance of the register for research policy and evaluation studies is also discussed, as related with changes associated with New Public Management reforms.
The Implementation of the Soviet Healthcare Model in ‘People’s Democracy’ Countries—the Case of Post-war Poland (1944–1953)
Authors: Kozłowska Urszula , Sikorski Tomasz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article aims at presenting a Soviet model of public health service, the so-called Siemaszko model, and its implementation in the People’s Republic of Poland (1944/45–1953). Based on the Marx’s and Lenin’s interpretations, the Soviet model assumed a universal nature of health service, financing healthcare from the public purse, full state (party) control over public health, full access to medical services for all, entire staff put on the public payroll and state education for medical personnel. After the Second World War a modified version of that model was implemented in the so-called people’s democracies (i.e. communist countries). In the post-war years, a two-stage implementation of this socialist model was rolled out in the People’s Republic of Poland. The first stage, in 1944–48, was based on the so-called multisector approach. The second began in 1948 and assumed a full and planned unification and nationalisation of the healthcare system.
Early-Life Access to a Basic Health Care Program and Adult Outcomes in Indonesia
Authors: Ahsan Md Nazmul , Banerjee Rakesh , Maharaj Riddhi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Access to primary care during early life can have substantial benefits in developing countries. This study evaluates the long-run impact of the Village Midwife Program in Indonesia. It utilizes the rollout variation of the program and links individual background and community characteristics in early childhood to adult outcomes in the Indonesian Family Life Survey. It finds that the presence of a midwife in a community in utero leads to an improvement in overall health, cognition, and economic outcomes among men, but not women. Greater receipt of antenatal care and skilled birth attendance could, in part, drive these results.
Genome communication in plants mediated by organelle–n­ucleus-located proteins
Authors: Krupinska Karin , Blanco Nicolás E. , Oetke Svenja , Zottini Michela 
Published: May 2020

An increasing number of eukaryotic proteins have been shown to have a dual localization in the DNA-containing organelles, mitochondria and plastids, and/or the nucleus. Regulation of dual targeting and relocation of proteins from organelles to the nucleus offer the most direct means for communication between organelles as well as organelles and nucleus. Most of the mitochondrial proteins of animals have functions in DNA repair and gene expression by modelling of nucleoid architecture and/or chromatin. In plants, such proteins can affect replication and early development. Most plastid proteins with a confirmed or predicted second location in the nucleus are associated with the prokaryotic core RNA polymerase and are required for chloroplast development and light responses. Few plastid–nucleus-located proteins are involved in pathogen defence and cell cycle control. For three proteins, it has been clearly shown that they are first targeted to the organelle and then relocated to the nucleus, i.e. the nucleoid-associated proteins HEMERA and Whirly1 and the stroma-located defence protein NRIP1. Relocation to the nucleus can be experimentally demonstrated by plastid transformation leading to the synthesis of proteins with a tag that enables their detection in the nucleus or by fusions with fluoroproteins in different experimental set-ups.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.
Red and blue light differentially impact retrograde signalling and photoprotection in rice
Authors: Duan Liu , Ruiz-Sola M. Águila , Couso Ana , Veciana Nil , Monte Elena 
Published: May 2020

Chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling (RS) is known to impact plant growth and development. InArabidopsis, we and others have shown that RS affects seedling establishment by inhibiting deetiolation. In the presence of lincomycin, a chloroplast protein synthesis inhibitor that triggers RS,Arabidopsislight-grown seedlings display partial skotomorphogenesis with undeveloped plastids and closed cotyledons. By contrast, RS in monocotyledonous has been much less studied. Here, we show that emerging rice seedlings exposed to lincomycin do not accumulate chlorophyll but otherwise remain remarkably unaffected. However, by using high red (R) and blue (B) monochromatic lights in combination with lincomycin, we have uncovered a RS inhibition of length and a reduction in the B light-induced declination of the second leaf. Furthermore, we present data showing that seedlings grown in high B and R light display different non-photochemical quenching capacity. Our findings support the view that excess B and R light impact seedling photomorphogenesis differently to photoprotect and optimize the response to high-light stress.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
Mitochondrial retrograde signalling in neurological disease
Authors: Granat Lucy , Hunt Rachel J. , Bateman Joseph M. 
Published: May 2020

Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction causes primary mitochondrial diseases and likely contributes to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction has also been documented in neurodevelopmental disorders such as tuberous sclerosis complex and autism spectrum disorder. Only symptomatic treatments exist for neurodevelopmental disorders, while neurodegenerative diseases are largely untreatable. Altered mitochondrial function activates mitochondrial retrograde signalling pathways, which enable signalling to the nucleus to reprogramme nuclear gene expression. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial retrograde signalling in neurological diseases. We summarize how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative disease and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mitochondrial signalling mechanisms that have relevance to neurological disease are discussed. We then describe studies documenting retrograde signalling pathways in neurons and glia, and in animal models of neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and neurological disease. Finally, we suggest how specific retrograde signalling pathways can be targeted to develop novel treatments for neurological diseases.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.
Anomalous atmospheric circulation favored the spread of COVID-19 in Europe
Authors: Sanchez-Lorenzo Arturo , Vaquero-Martínez Javier , Calbó Josep , Wild Martin , Santurtún Ana , Lopez-Bustins Joan-A. , Vaquero Jose-M. , Folini Doris , Antón Manuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is having negative health, social and economic consequences worldwide. In Europe, the pandemic started to develop strongly at the end of February and beginning of March 2020. It has subsequently spread over the continent, with special virulence in northern Italy and inland Spain. In this study we show that an unusual persistent anticyclonic situation prevailing in southwestern Europe during February 2020 (i.e. anomalously strong positive phase of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oscillations) could have resulted in favorable conditions, in terms of air temperature and humidity, in Italy and Spain for a quicker spread of the virus compared with the rest of the European countries. It seems plausible that the strong atmospheric stability and associated dry conditions that dominated in these regions may have favored the virus’s propagation, by short-range droplet transmission as well as likely by long-range aerosol (airborne) transmission.
Predictive value of sudden olfactory loss in the diagnosis of COVID-19
Authors: Haehner Antje , Draf Julia , Dräger Sarah , With Katja de , Hummel Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecent reports suggest that sudden smell loss might be a symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of olfactory loss in an out-patient population who presented to a coronavirus testing center during a 2-week period and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the symptom “sudden smell loss” for screening procedures.MethodsIn this cross-sectional controlled cohort study, 500 patients who presented with symptoms of a common cold to a corona testing center and fulfilled corona testing criteria, completed a standardized diagnostic questionnaire which included the patients’ main symptoms, time course and an additional self-assessment of the patients’ current smell, taste function and nasal breathing compared to the level before onset of symptoms.ResultsOut of the 500 patients, 69 presented with olfactory loss. Twenty-two of them subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Only twelve out of the patients without olfactory loss tested positive, resulting in a frequency of 64.7% for the symptom “sudden smell loss” in COVID-19 patients. Compared to COVID-19 patients without smell loss, they were significantly younger and less severely affected. Changes in nasal airflow were significantly more pronounced in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients with olfactory complaints compared to the patients with smell loss who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. By excluding patients with a blocked nose, the symptom “sudden smell loss” can be attested a high specificity (97%) and a sensitivity of 65% with a PPV of 63% and NPV of 97% for COVID-19.ConclusionConsidering the high frequency of smell loss in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute olfactory impairment should be included in the WHO symptoms list and should be recognized as an early symptom of the disease. In contrast to other acute viral smell impairment, COVID-19 associated smell loss seems to be only rarely accompanied by a severely blocked nose.
Is this the beginning or the end of COVID-19 outbreak in India? A data driven mathematical model-based analysis
Authors: Singh Anupam , Dey Jhilik , Bhardwaj Shivam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndia has experienced an early and harshest lockdown from 25th March 2020 in response to the outbreak. However, an accurate estimation of the progression of the spread of infection and the level of preparedness to combat this disease are urgently needed. Using a data-based mathematical model, our study has made predictions on the number of cases that are expected to rise in India till 14th June 2020. The epidemiological data of daily cases have been utilized from 25th March (i.e., the first day of lockdown) to 23rd April 2020. In the study, we have stimulated two possible scenarios (optimistic and pessimistic) for the prediction. As per the optimistic approach of modelling, COVID-19 may end in the first week of June 2020 with a total of 77,900 infected cases including 2,442 fatalities. However, the results under the pessimistic scenario are a bit scary as it shows that a total of 283,300 infected cases with 10,180 fatalities till 14th June. To win the battle, 10 weeks of complete lockdown is much needed at least in the infected states and the union territories of India. Alternatively, the isolation of clusters (hotspot regions) is required if India wants a resume of some essential activities.