bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibodies Prior to Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis and Risks for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Asthma
Authors: Zaccardelli Alessandra , Liu Xinyi , Ford Julia A. , Cui Jing , Lu Bing , Chu Su H. , Schur Peter H. , Speyer Cameron B. , Costenbader Karen H. , Robinson William H. , Sokolove Jeremy , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Camargo Carlos A. , Sparks Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate elevation of anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) before diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma.MethodsWe performed a matched cohort study nested within the Nurses’ Health Studies among women who donated blood. Women with incident RA after blood draw (self‐reported, then confirmed by medical records) were each matched to 3 controls by age, cohort, year, and menopausal factors. Pre‐RA ACPA positivity was defined as >99th percentile of control distribution by a research assay or by cyclic citrullinated peptide in a subset. Incident COPD and asthma after index date (date of blood draw) were identified by questionnaires. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident COPD or asthma (in separate analyses) associated with pre‐RA, pre‐RA ACPA+, or pre‐RA ACPA– phenotypes each compared to their matched non‐RA controls.ResultsWe analyzed 283 women who were pre‐RA and 842 controls; blood was donated a mean ± SD of 9.7 ± 5.8 years before RA diagnosis. Fifty‐nine women (20.8%) were pre‐RA ACPA+. There were 107 cases of incident COPD and 105 incident asthma cases during 21,489 person‐years of follow‐up. Pre‐RA ACPA+ was associated with increased COPD risk (HR 3.04 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.33–7.00]) after adjusting for covariates including smoking pack‐years. Pre‐RA ACPA+ had an HR for asthma of 1.74 (multivariable 95% CI 0.72–4.24), similar to the risk of asthma for pre‐RA ACPA– (HR 1.65 [95% CI 1.11–2.46]).ConclusionWomen with elevated ACPA before RA diagnosis had increased risk for developing COPD compared to controls. Women who later developed RA were more likely to develop asthma than controls, regardless of pre‐RA ACPA status.
Contribution of Sex and Autoantibodies to Microangiopathy Assessed by Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: van Leeuwen Nina M. , Ciaffi Jacopo , Schoones Jan W. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , de Vries‐Bouwstra Jeska K. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveMicroangiopathy and dysregulation of the immune system play important roles in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Factors that trigger vascular injury in SSc have not been elucidated so far. We undertook this study to evaluate whether sex or expression of specific antinuclear autoantibodies might associate with the degree of microangiopathy through performance of a systematic review that summarizes what is known about these associations.MethodsA standardized search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were performed to identify studies that described autoantibodies in SSc patients and microangiopathy and, for the second search, those that described sex and microangiopathy.ResultsWe included 11 studies that described the relationship between SSc‐specific autoantibodies and microangiopathy and 6 studies that reported on the association between sex and microangiopathy. Contradictory results were found on the association between SSc‐specific autoantibodies and microangiopathy, and no association was found between sex and microangiopathy based on the current literature.ConclusionBased on this review of the literature, we can conclude that sex does not seem to influence degree of microangiopathy in SSc, while results on association between SSc‐specific autoantibodies and degree of microangiopathy were inconclusive.
Self‐Assembled/Drug‐Composed Nanomedicine for Synergistic Photonic Hyperthermia and Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancer by Inhibiting ERK, AKT, and STAT3 Signaling Cascades
Authors: He Chao , Yu Luodan , Ding Li , Chen Yu , Hao Yongqiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSuperior to chemotherapy, photonic hyperthermia and targeted therapy have made attractive impacts on cancer treatment by virtue of their profound advantages such as high specificity and minimal invasiveness, but the rational integration of corresponding therapeutic drugs for achieving concurrent photothermal ablation/targeted therapy is still challenging. Herein, a self‐assembled nanomedicine Anlotinib@IR820 is constructed with drug formulations for highly efficient and synergistic photonic hyperthermia and targeted therapy against breast cancer. Specifically, the constructed Anlotinib@IR820 nanomedicine presents high accumulation at the tumor site owing to the enhanced permeability and retention effect and simultaneously overcomes the obstacles of poor water solubility of Anlotinib (for targeted therapy) and the short lifetime of IR820 (for photonic ablation). The photothermal ablation as activated by near‐infrared laser can not only irradiate cancer cells but also promote the cellular uptake of Anlotinib, which presents a profound synergistic function both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, Anlotinib@IR820 nanomedicine can induce apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest in breast cancer through inhibiting ERK, AKT, and STAT3 pathways. Therefore, the rationally designed drug‐composed Anlotinib@IR820 nanomedicine exhibits high clinical translation potential because of its therapeutic nanoformulation, which provides an alternative option for efficient combinational therapy of breast cancer.
Solution‐Processed GaSe Nanoflake‐Based Films for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting and Photoelectrochemical‐Type Photodetectors
Authors: Zappia Marilena Isabella , Bianca Gabriele , Bellani Sebastiano , Serri Michele , Najafi Leyla , Oropesa‐Nuñez Reinier , Martín‐García Beatriz , Bouša Daniel , Sedmidubský David , Pellegrini Vittorio , Sofer Zdeněk , Cupolillo Anna , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGallium selenide (GaSe) is a layered compound, which has been exploited in nonlinear optical applications and photodetectors due to its anisotropic structure and pseudodirect optical gap. Theoretical studies predict that its 2D form is a potential photocatalyst for water splitting reactions. Herein, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) characterization of GaSe nanoflakes (single‐/few‐layer flakes), produced via liquid phase exfoliation, for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in both acidic and alkaline media is reported. In 0.5 m H2SO4, the GaSe photoelectrodes display the best PEC performance, corresponding to a ratiometric power‐saved metric for HER (Φsaved,HER) of 0.09% and a ratiometric power‐saved metric for OER (Φsaved,OER) of 0.25%. When used as PEC‐type photodetectors, GaSe photoelectrodes show a responsivity of ≈0.16 A W−1 upon 455 nm illumination at a light intensity of 63.5 µW cm−2 and applied potential of −0.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Stability tests of GaSe photodetectors demonstrated a durable operation over tens of cathodic linear sweep voltammetry scans in 0.5 m H2SO4 for HER. In contrast, degradation of photoelectrodes occurred in both alkaline and anodic operation due to the highly oxidizing environment and O2‐induced (photo)oxidation effects. The results provide new insight into the PEC properties of GaSe nanoflakes for their exploitation in photoelectrocatalysis, PEC‐type photodetectors, and (bio)sensors.
An Excitation Navigating Energy Migration of Lanthanide Ions in Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Lei Zhendong , Ling Xiao , Mei Qingsong , Fu Shuai , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUpconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with lanthanide ions that possess ladder‐like energy levels can give out multiple emissions at specific ultra‐violet or visible wavelengths irrespective of excitation light. However, precisely controlling energy migration processes between different energy levels of the same lanthanide ion to generate switchable emissions remains elusive. Herein, a novel dumbbell‐shaped UCNP is reported with upconverted red emission switched to green emission when excitation wavelength changed from 980 to 808 nm. The sensitizer Yb ions are doped with activator Er ions and energy modulator Mn ions in NaYF4 core nanocrystal coated with an inner NaYF4:Yb shell to generate red emission after harvesting 980 nm excitation light, while an outer NaNdF4:Yb shell is coated to form a dumbbell shape to generate green emission upon 808 nm excitation. Such specially designed UCNPs with switchable green and red emissions are further explored for imaging of latent fingerprint and detection of explosive residues in the fingerprint simultaneously. This work suggests a novel research interest in fine‐tuning of upconversion emissions through precisely controlling energy migration processes of the same lanthanide activator ion. Furthermore, use of these nanoparticles in other applications such as simultaneous dual‐color imaging or orthogonal bidirectional photoactivation can be explored.
Mild Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Unprotected 2‐Iodoglycals in Aqueous Media as Versatile Tool to Access Diverse C2‐Glycoanalogues
Authors: Malinowski Maciej , Van Tran Thanh , de Robichon Morgane , Lubin‐Germain Nadège , Ferry Angélique 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccess to unprotected 2‐cyano‐glycals via a mild palladium‐catalyzed cyanation of protecting groups‐free 2‐iodoglycals in aqueous media has been developed. Diverse glycal substrates including disaccharide‐type were successfully obtained in good to excellent yields. These unprotected 2‐cyano‐glycal scaffolds were successfully derivatized to different C2‐glycoanalogues.magnified image
Artificial Humic Acids: Sustainable Materials against Climate Change
Authors: Yang Fan , Antonietti Markus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHumic acid, as a natural organic matter, is widely distributed in surface soil, oceans, rivers, and other ecological environments throughout the whole earth ecosystem. Humic acid provides abundant organic carbon and helps to maintain a hydrated, pH and redox buffered environment hosting the soil microbiome. Humic acid is however also a largely ignored polymer material full of exciting functional properties, and its scale is enormous. This perspective article discusses its synthesis and management as a tool to tackle parts of the climate crisis as well its use in technological applications, as made by chemical conversion of agricultural side products to artificial humic acids.
A Lesson from Plants: High‐Speed Soft Robotic Actuators
Authors: Baumgartner Richard , Kogler Alexander , Stadlbauer Josef M. , Foo Choon Chiang , Kaltseis Rainer , Baumgartner Melanie , Mao Guoyong , Keplinger Christoph , Koh Soo Jin Adrian , Arnold Nikita , Suo Zhigang , Kaltenbrunner Martin , Bauer Siegfried 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRapid energy‐efficient movements are one of nature's greatest developments. Mechanisms like snap‐buckling allow plants like the Venus flytrap to close the terminal lobes of their leaves at barely perceptible speed. Here, a soft balloon actuator is presented, which is inspired by such mechanical instabilities and creates safe, giant, and fast deformations. The basic design comprises two inflated elastomer membranes pneumatically coupled by a pressurized chamber of suitable volume. The high‐speed actuation of a rubber balloon in a state close to the verge of mechanical instability is remotely triggered by a voltage‐controlled dielectric elastomer membrane. This method spatially separates electrically active and passive parts, and thereby averts electrical breakdown resulting from the drastic thinning of an electroactive membrane during large expansion. Bistable operation with small and large volumes of the rubber balloon is demonstrated, achieving large volume changes of 1398% and a high‐speed area change rate of 2600 cm2 s−1. The presented combination of fast response time with large deformation and safe handling are central aspects for a new generation of soft bio‐inspired robots and can help pave the way for applications ranging from haptic displays to soft grippers and high‐speed sorting machines.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Activation of Ynals for the Construction of Functional Pyridines
Authors: Li Jia‐Hui , Duan Xiao‐Yong , Tian Zhao‐Hui , Zheng Yi‐Fan , Qi Jing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractN‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed activation of ynals for rapid synthesis of pyridine derivatives with important utilities has been reported. This successful strategy using NHC‐bound alkynyl acyl azolium as the key intermediate further improved the application of N‐Ts 2‐aminoacrylate as a nucleophile. Importantly, this work introduces an ester substituent to pyridines that could be easily transformed to other functional groups.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Directed C−H Bond Naphthylation with 7‐Azabenzonorbornadiene as the Naphthylating Reagent
Authors: Li Honghe , Guo Weicong , Jiang Jijun , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn efficient rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H bond naphthylation reaction is described for the synthesis of diverse anilides and benzamides bearing naphthyl substituents. The substrate scope is broad. The products could be facilely elaborated to various synthetically useful intermediates. To the best of our knowledge, using 7‐azabenzonorbornadienes to achieve naphthylation via transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H activation has not been reported before.
Predicting body mass of bonobos (Pan paniscus) with human‐based morphometric equations
Authors: Yapuncich Gabriel S. , Bowie Aleah , Belais Raphaël , Churchill Steven E. , Walker Christopher S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA primate's body mass covaries with numerous ecological, physiological, and behavioral characteristics. This versatility and potential to provide insight into an animal's life has made body mass prediction a frequent and important objective in paleoanthropology. In hominin paleontology, the most commonly employed body mass prediction equations (BMPEs) are “mechanical” and “morphometric”: uni‐ or multivariate linear regressions incorporating dimensions of load‐bearing skeletal elements and stature and living bi‐iliac breadth as predictor variables, respectively. The precision and accuracy of BMPEs are contingent on multiple factors, however, one of the most notable and pervasive potential sources of error is extrapolation beyond the limits of the reference sample. In this study, we use a test sample requiring extrapolation—56 bonobos (Pan paniscus) from the Lola ya Bonobo sanctuary in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo—to evaluate the predictive accuracy of human‐based morphometric BMPEs. We first assess systemic differences in stature and bi‐iliac breadth between humans and bonobos. Due to significant differences in the scaling relationships of body mass and stature between bonobos and humans, we use panel regression to generate a novel BMPE based on living bi‐iliac breadth. We then compare the predictive accuracy of two previously published morphometric equations with the novel equation and find that the novel equation predicts bonobo body mass most accurately overall (41 of 56 bonobos predicted within 20% of their observed body mass). The novel BMPE is particularly accurate between 25 and 45 kg. Given differences in limb proportions, pelvic morphology, and body tissue composition between the human reference and bonobo test samples, we find these results promising and evaluate the novel BMPE's potential application to fossil hominins.
Against all odds: Numerical assessment by tufted capuchin monkeys
Authors: Scarry Clara J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen competitors are able to assess the asymmetry in the resource holding potential before interacting, individuals or groups should avoid interacting with stronger opponents, thereby avoiding the energy costs and risk of injury associated with aggressive intergroup encounters. Thus, escalated aggression is expected only between closely matched competitors. Among Argentine tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus), intergroup dominance is decided by the asymmetry in male group size. Using playback experiments, I simulated intergroup encounters with neighboring groups, manipulating both the apparent numerical asymmetry and the resource context. During experimental trials, I recorded the approach behavior of the focal individual, as well as changes in neighbor density and individual travel speed following the presentation of the playback stimulus, to assess whether individual willingness to participate in resource defense was affected by the probability of winning the encounter. In spite of the competitive disadvantage, neither males nor females showed a decreased probability of approach when the numerical odds strongly favored the opposing group. Instead decisions regarding whether to participate appear to be driven primarily by the resource context. Nevertheless, changes in individual behavior during approaches suggest that tufted capuchin monkeys are sensitive to the relative odds. Individuals accelerated less when approaching a larger group, although no changes in neighbor density were apparent. The absence of an effect of the numerical asymmetry on willingness to approach the playback speaker suggests that subordinate groups benefit from engaging in intergroup aggression with larger neighbors, despite the high probability of losing. These encounters may serve to assess the current subjective resource valuation of the neighboring group or limit territorial expansion by large groups by decreasing the marginal value of home range exclusivity. Because these encounters are riskier, however, individuals appear to alter their approaches, becoming more tentative as the numerical odds increasingly favor the opposing group.
A Smart, Autocatalytic, DNAzyme Biocircuit for in Vivo, Amplified, MicroRNA Imaging
Authors: Wei Jie , Wang Huimin , Wu Qiong , Gong Xue , Ma Kang , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDNAzymes have been recognized as promising transducing agents for visualizing endogenous biomarkers, but their inefficient intracellular delivery and limited amplification capacity (including insufficient cofactor supply) preclude their extensive biological application. Herein, an autocatalytic DNAzyme (ACD) biocircuit is constructed for amplified microRNA imaging in vivo based on a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and DNAzyme biocatalysis, sustained by a honeycomb MnO2 nanosponge (hMNS). The hMNS not only delivers DNA probes, but also supplies Mn2+ as a DNAzyme cofactor and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent. Through the subsequent cross‐activation of HCR and DNAzyme amplicons, the ACD amplifies the limited signal resulting from miRNA recognition. The hMNS/ACD system was used to image microRNA in vivo, thus demonstrating its great promise in cancer diagnosis.
Deconstructive Reorganization: De Novo Synthesis of Hydroxylated Benzofuran
Authors: Zhang Ling , Cao Tongxiang , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhu Shifa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn unprecedented deconstructive reorganization strategy for the de novo synthesis of hydroxylated benzofurans from kojic acid‐ or maltol‐derived alkynes is reported. In this reaction, both the benzene and furan rings were simultaneously constructed, whereas the pyrone moiety of the kojic acid or maltol was deconstructed and then reorganized into the benzene ring as a six‐carbon component. Through this strategy, at least one free hydroxyl group was introduced into the benzene ring in a substitution‐pattern tunable fashion without protection–deprotection and redox adjustment. With this method, a large number of hydroxylated benzofuran derivatives with different substitution‐patterns have been prepared efficiently. This methodology has also been shown as the key step in a collective total synthesis of hydroxylated benzofuran‐containing natural products (11 examples).
Molecular Fluorescence Imaging Spectroscopy for Mapping Low Concentrations of Red Lake Pigments: Van Gogh's PaintingThe Olive Orchard
Authors: Dooley Kathryn A. , Chieli Annalisa , Romani Aldo , Legrand Stijn , Miliani Costanza , Janssens Koen , Delaney John K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVincent van Gogh used fugitive red lake pigments that have faded in some paintings. Mapping their distribution is key to understanding how his paintings have changed with time. While red lake pigments can be identified from microsamples, in situ identification and mapping remain challenging. This paper explores the ability of molecular fluorescence imaging spectroscopy to identify and, more importantly, map residual non‐degraded red lakes. The high sensitivity of this method enabled identification of the emission spectra of eosin (tetrabromine fluorescein) lake mixed with lead or zinc white at lower concentrations than elemental X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy used on account of bromine. The molecular fluorescence mapping of residual eosin and two carmine red lakes in van Gogh's The Olive Orchard is demonstrated and compared with XRF imaging spectroscopy. The red lakes are consistent with the composition of paint tubes known to have been used by van Gogh.
A Universal Nano‐capillary Based Method of Catalyst Immobilization for Liquid‐Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Tarnev Tsvetan , Cychy Steffen , Andronescu Corina , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Chen Yen‐Ting 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA universal nano‐capillary based method for sample deposition on the silicon nitride membrane of liquid‐cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) chips is demonstrated. It is applicable to all substances which can be dispersed in a solvent and are suitable for drop casting, including catalysts, biological samples, and polymers. Most importantly, this method overcomes limitations concerning sample immobilization due to the fragility of the ultra‐thin silicon nitride membrane required for electron transmission. Thus, a straightforward way is presented to widen the research area of LCTEM to encompass any sample which can be externally deposited beforehand. Using this method, NixB nanoparticles are deposited on the μm‐scale working electrode of the LCTEM chip and in situ observation of single catalyst particles during ethanol oxidation is for the first time successfully monitored by means of TEM movies.
Soft mixed ionic–electronic conductive electrodes for noninvasive stimulation
Authors: Colachis Matthew , Shqau Krenar , Colachis Samuel , Annetta Nicholas , Heintz Amy M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTA new material, classified as a soft mixed ionic–electronic conductor (MIEC), was fabricated through casting and curing of different ratios of single walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs), hyaluronic acid (HA), and acrylonitrile butadiene copolymer latex (NBR) and developed for noninvasive stimulation for electrotherapeutics. The morphology of the composite yielded high electrical conductivity and retention of elasticity. The interfacial charge transfer of the material showed that by increasing the HA loading the capacitive contribution decreased, while increasing SWNT loading decreased the interfacial resistance. The soft MIEC materials interfacial charge transfer was superior than current state‐of‐the art electrodes on the market. A layered configuration with high HA ratio at the skin interface and high SWNTs ratio at the stainless‐steel interface was created to induce the most optimal charge transfer. These soft MIEC electrodes will be extremely helpful in electrotherapeutic applications to eliminate the need for hydrogels, which can be unsuitable due the their lack long term durability and instability.