bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demodex-induced Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei
Authors: Luo Yang , Wu Lan-Xi , Zhang Jian-Hong , Zhou Nan , Luan Xiu-Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) is an inflammatory granulomatous skin disease without a clear etiology that frequently involves the middle area of the face and the upper eyelids. Pathological features of the disease include caseation necrosis and epithelioid granuloma. Consensus treatment for LMDF is currently unavailable.

Patient concerns:
A 47-year-old Chinese female patient who presented with facial pruritic, erythematous papules 8 months before this study. She was diagnosed with skin tuberculosis at another hospital and given antituberculosis medication. However, the treatment was not efficacious.

Diagnoses:
In this study, the diagnosis of Demodex-induced LMDF was made by a dermatologist according to physical examination, skin biopsy pathology, and microscopic examination.

Interventions:
The patient was given ornidazole tablets (500 mg twice a day) and recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel (0.2 g/cm2 twice a day) for an 8-week period.

Outcomes:
Eight weeks after the treatment, the facial erythematous papules were improved, and no new skin lesions were observed. The patient showed no signs of recurrence during the 6-month follow-up.

Lessons subsections:
This case showed that ornidazole combined with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor gel might be useful in treatment of Demodex-induced LMDF. In addition, the results suggested that pathological caseation necrosis was caused by a series of inflammatory and immune responses to Demodex infection.
Myeloid sarcoma of the nasal cavity in a 15-month-old child
Authors: Liu Ruowu , Du Jintao , Gao Limin , Liu Yafeng , Liu Shixi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare tumor mass. It may occur at any extramedullary anatomic sites but is uncommon in the sinonasal location.MS commonly presents concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but it may predate AML over several months or years, named isolated MS.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a 15-month-old child who presented with mouth breathing, bilateral rhinorrhea, palpebral edema and proptosis. The routine blood tests were normal for the first few months. Computed tomography scan revealed neoplasm in nasal cavity.

Diagnosis:
The patient was definitely diagnosed with isolated MS in the nasal cavity through immunohistochemistry combined with clinical features and radiological investigations, and MS further progressed to AML which was confirmed by hematologist.

Interventions:
Endoscopic sinus surgery was performed to acquire specimens. After diagnosis, the patient was promptly treated with systemic chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
All symptoms gradually subsided and the mass of nasal cavity was invisible. No relapse occurred during follow-up.

Conclusion:
Sinonasal MS may be misdiagnosed and should be considered when symptoms persist and worsen. Prompt clinic examinations are essential for cases with suspected MS. Diagnosis of MS is dependent on the immunohistological investigations combined with clinical features, radiological investigations. Early diagnosis and systemic chemotherapy are vital for patients to achieve best prognosis.
The effect of Bushen Huoxue method in treating glaucoma
Authors: Wang Liyuan , Yu Tianyang , Sun He , Liu Ruoxi , Liu Ye 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background:
Glaucoma is a common ophthalmic neurodegenerative disease and the main cause of blindness, which seriously affects the life and work of patients, without more effective treatment for optic nerve damage. Bushen Huoxue (BSHX) method is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy that has been widely used as an alternative therapy to treat optic nerve damage in glaucoma patients with growing beneficial effect evidence, however, there is no current systematic review has addressed its effect for glaucoma. This study will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the currently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of BSHX method for the treatment of glaucoma, aim to assess the efficacy and safety of BSHX method for patients with glaucoma.

Methods:
We will thoroughly search literatures of RCTs related to BSHX method for glaucoma in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang database and other databases from the establishment of the database to November 2019, with no language restriction. After reviewing the title, abstract and full text, 2 reviewers will independently select the study, extract the data, after assess the risk of bias, we will conduct a meta-analysis of the data extracted from the included RCTs, including total effective rate, intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, visual field, TCM syndrome score, and adverse events. The meta-analysis will be performed using Review Manager 5.3 software and the results will be based on either random effects or fixed effects models, depending on the heterogeneity. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) and Grading of Recommendations, Development and Evaluate system (GRADE) will be conduct to evaluate the reliability and quality of evidence.

Results:
The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and provide a reasonable and high-quality evidence for the efficacy and safety of BSHX method for glaucoma.

Conclusion:
This study will be the first meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of BSHX method in the treatment of glaucoma comprehensively, and will to provide helpful evidence for the clinical treatment of this disease.

Registration:
PROSPERO CRD42020159897
Effects of Anticoagulants and Corticosteroids therapy in patients affected by severe COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Ghalilah Khalid , Sabir Abdul Momin , Alvi Irshad Ali , Alharbi Malak , Basabrain Abdulrahman , Aljundi Mahmooud , Almohammadi Ghazi , Almuairfi Zainab , Alharbi Raed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the absence of a standard of treatment for COVID-19, the combined use of anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs may be more effective than using either modality alone in the treatment of COVID-19.MethodsPatients hospitalized between April 10th, 2020, through May 10th, 2020, who had confirmed COVID-19 infection with clinical or radiographic evidence of pneumonia, in which 65 patients have moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, and 63 patients have severe COVID-19 pneumonia. All patients received early combination therapy of anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs. They assessed for type and duration of treatment, and days need to wean from oxygen therapy, length of stay, virus clearance time, and complication or adverse events. All patients had more than 28 days follow up after discharge from the hospital.ResultsModerate COVID-19 pneumonia group were 65 patients who received Enoxaparin, antiviral drugs, empirical antibiotics for pneumonia, and standard treatment for comorbidity. Male patients were 50 (76.9 %) and female patients were 15 (23.1 %). 34 (52.3 %) patients have comorbidity, 25 (38.5%) patients have Diabetes Mellitus and 2 (3.1 %) pregnant ladies. 19 (29.2 %) patients were on low flow oxygen therapy, 3L oxygen or less to maintain oxygen saturation more than 92%. All patients discharged home with no major or minor bleeding complications or significant complications. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia group were 63 patients who received methylprednisolone, enoxaparin, antiviral drugs, empirical antibiotics for pneumonia, and standard treatment for comorbidity. Male patients were 55 (87.3 %) and female patients were 8 (12.7 %). 37 (58.7 %) patients have comorbidity, and 24 (38.1%) patients have Diabetes Mellitus. 32 (50.8 %) patients were on low flow oxygen therapy, 4-9L oxygen, and 31 (49.2 %) patients were on low flow oxygen therapy, 10L oxygen or more, including 12 patients on a non-rebreathing mask. Patients received methylprednisolone were 37 (58.7 %) for 3 days, 16 (25.4 %) for 5 days and 10 (15.9 %) for more than 5 days. Sixty-two patients discharged home with one patient had a long stay, and the other two transferred to ICU. One long-stay patient transferred to ICU on low flow oxygen therapy.ConclusionEarly use of a combined anti-inflammatory (corticosteroids and Enoxaparin) and antiviral drugs treatment in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia prevent complications of the disease and improve clinical outcomes
Ensemble Classification through Random Projections for single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Vrahatis Aristidis G. , Tasoulis Sotiris , Georgakopoulos Spiros , Plagianakos Vassilis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNowadays the biomedical data are generated exponentially, creating datasets for analysis with ultra-high dimensionality and complexity. This revolution, which has been caused by recent advents in biotechnologies, has driven to big-data and data-driven computational approaches. An indicative example is the emerging single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, which isolates and measures individual cells. Although scRNA-seq has revolutionized the biotechnology domain, such data computational analysis is a major challenge because of their ultra-high dimensionality and complexity. Following this direction, in this work we study the properties, effectiveness and generalization of the recently proposed MRPV algorithm for single cell RNA-seq data. MRPV is an ensemble classification technique utilizing multiple ultra-low dimensional Random Projected spaces. A given classifier determines the class for each sample for all independent spaces while a majority voting scheme defines their predominant class. We show that Random Projection ensembles offer a platform not only for a low computational time analysis but also for enhancing classification performance. The developed methodologies were applied to four real biomedical high dimensional data from single-cell RNA-seq studies and compared against well-known and similar classification tools. Experimental results showed that based on simplistic tools we can create a computationally fast, simple, yet effective approach for single cell RNA-seq data with ultra-high dimensionality.
Circadian photoperiod alters TREK-1 channel function and expression in dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons
Authors: Giannoni-Guzmán Manuel A. , Kamitakahara Anna , Magalong Valerie , Levitt Pat , McMahon Douglas G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeasonal daylength has been linked to the development and prevalence of mood disorders, however, the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that developmental exposure to seasonal photoperiods has enduring effects on the activity of mouse dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons, their intrinsic electrical properties, as well as on depression and anxiety-related behaviors. Here we focus on the possible ionic mechanisms that underlie the observed photoperiodic programming of the electrophysiological properties of serotonin neurons, focusing on the twin-pore K+ channels TREK-1 and TASK-1 that set resting membrane potential and regulate excitability. Using multielectrode array recordings inex vivodorsal raphe slices, we examined the effects of pharmacological inhibition of these channels on the spike rates of serotonin neurons of mice from different photoperiods. Pharmacological inhibition of TREK-1 significantly increased spike frequency in Short and Equinox photoperiod cohorts, but did not further elevate the firing rate in slices from Long photoperiod mice, suggesting that TREK-1 function is reduced in Long photoperiods. In contrast, inhibition of TASK-1 resulted in increases in firing rates across all photoperiods, suggesting that it contributes to setting excitability, but is not regulated by photoperiod. To examine if photoperiod impacts transcriptional regulation of TREK-1, we quantifiedKcnk2mRNA levels specifically in dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons using triple-label RNAscope. We found that Long photoperiod significantly reduced levels ofKcnk2in serotonin neurons co-expressingTph2, andPet-1, Photoperiodic effects on the function and expression of TREK-1 were blocked in melatonin 1 receptor knockout (MT-1KO) mice, consistent with previous findings that MT-1 signaling is necessary for photoperiodic programming of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons. Taken together these results indicate that photoperiodic regulation of TREK-1 expression and function plays a key role in photoperiodic programming the excitability of dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons.
Sentinel Coronavirus Environmental Monitoring Can Contribute to Detecting Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Virus Spreaders and Can Verify Effectiveness of Workplace COVID-19 Controls
Authors: Marshall Douglas L. , Bois Frederic , Jensen Soren K. S. , Linde Svend Aage , Higby Richard , Rémy-McCort Yvoine , Murray Sean , Dieckelman Bryan , Sudradjat Fitri , Martin Gilles G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDetecting all workplace asymptomatic COVID-19 virus spreaders would require daily testing of employees, which is not practical. Over a two week period, nine workplace locations were chosen to test employees for SARS-CoV-2 infection (841 tests) and high-frequency-touch point environmental surfaces (5,500 tests) for Coronavirus using Eurofins COVID-19 Sentinel™ RT-PCR methods. Of the 9 locations, 3 had one or employees infected with SARS-CoV-2, neither of whom had symptoms at the time of testing nor developed symptoms. Locations with Coronavirus contaminated surfaces were 10 times more likely to have clinically positive employees than locations with no or very few positive surfaces. Break room chairs, workbenches, and door handles were the most frequently contaminated surfaces. Coronavirus RNA was detected at very low concentrations (RT-PCR 34 to 38 Cq). Environmental monitoring can be used to validate intervention strategies and be useful to verify the effectiveness of such strategies on a regular basis.
Analysis and Visualization of Sleep Stages based on Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Krauss Patrick , Metzner Claus , Joshi Nidhi , Schulze Holger , Traxdorf Maximilian , Maier Andreas , Schilling Achim 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAutomatic sleep stage scoring based on deep neural networks has come into focus of sleep researchers and physicians, as a reliable method able to objectively classify sleep stages, would save human resources and thus would simplify clinical routines. Due to novel open-source software libraries for Machine Learning in combination with enormous progress in hardware development in recent years a paradigm shift in the field of sleep research towards automatic diagnostics could be observed. We argue that modern Machine Learning techniques are not just a tool to perform automatic sleep stage classification but are also a creative approach to find hidden properties of sleep physiology. We have already developed and established algorithms to visualize and cluster EEG data, in a way so that we can already make first assessments on sleep health in terms of sleep-apnea and consequently daytime vigilance. In the following study, we further developed our method by the innovative approach to analyze cortical activity during sleep by computing vectorial cross-correlations of different EEG channels represented by hypnodensity graphs. We can show that this measure serves to estimate the period length of sleep cycles and thus can help to find disturbances due to pathological conditions.
SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary schools in northern France: A retrospective cohort study in an area of high transmission
Authors: Fontanet Arnaud , Grant Rebecca , Tondeur Laura , Madec Yoann , Grzelak Ludivine , Cailleau Isabelle , Ungeheuer Marie-Noëlle , Renaudat Charlotte , Pellerin Sandrine Fernandes , Kuhmel Lucie , Staropoli Isabelle , Anna François , Charneau Pierre , Demeret Caroline , Bruel Timothée , Schwartz Olivier , Hoen Bruno 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe extent of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among pupils in primary schools and their families is unknown.MethodsBetween 28-30 April 2020, a retrospective cohort study was conducted among pupils, their parents and relatives, and staff of primary schools exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in February and March 2020 in a city north of Paris, France. Participants completed a questionnaire that covered sociodemographic information and history of recent symptoms. A blood sample was tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a flow-cytometry-based assay.ResultsThe infection attack rate (IAR) was 45/510 (8.8%), 3/42 (7.1%), 1/28 (3.6%), 76/641 (11.9%) and 14/119 (11.8%) among primary school pupils, teachers, non-teaching staff, parents, and relatives, respectively (P = 0.29). Prior to school closure on February 14, three SARS-CoV-2 infected pupils attended three separate schools with no secondary cases in the following 14 days among pupils, teachers and non-teaching staff of the same schools. Familial clustering of cases was documented by the high proportion of antibodies among parents and relatives of infected pupils (36/59 = 61.0% and 4/9 = 44.4%, respectively). In children, disease manifestations were mild, and 24/58 (41.4%) of infected children were asymptomatic.InterpretationIn young children, SARS-CoV-2 infection was largely mild or asymptomatic and there was no evidence of onwards transmission from children in the school setting.
Multi- and transgenerational disruption of maternal behavior and female puberty by Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC) mixture exposure
Authors: López-Rodríguez David , Aylwin Carlos Francisco , Delli Virginia , Sevrin Elena , Campanile Marzia , Martin Marion , Franssen Delphine , Gérard Arlette , Blacher Silvia , Tirelli Ezio , Noël Agnès , Lomniczi Alejandro , Parent Anne-Simone 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTFemale reproductive development and maternal behavior are two intertwined phenotypes centrally controlled by the hypothalamus. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) can alter these processes especially when animals are exposed during development. We propose the concept that developmental exposure to a low environmentally relevant dose of EDC mixture induces a transgenerational alteration of female rat pubertal timing and ovarian physiology throughout epigenetic reprograming of hypothalamicKiss1, Esr1andOxt1loci. Such exposure also caused a multigenerational reduction of maternal behavior induced by the loss in hypothalamic dopaminergic signaling. Our results identify the hypothalamic Polycomb Group of epigenetic repressors as actors of this mechanism of transgenerational reproductive disruption. Using a cross-fostering approach, we identified that while the reduction in maternal phenotype was normalized in EDC exposed pups raised by unexposed dams, no reversal of the pubertal phenotype was achieved, suggesting a germline transmission of the reproductive phenotype.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of melibiose permease
Authors: Lin Yibin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur work presented here showed that MelB can be crystallized in the conditions as similar as that of other membrane transporter protein of known structure. To identify a rigid protein by modifying the protein structure is the critical factor for facilitating MelB crystallization. It is necessary to perform extensive crystallization screens to obtain crystals. MelB-MelB interaction in the DDM containing solution will be affect by protein preparation, which may lead to reduce in reproducibility of crystallization experiment. Using a detergent mixture is essential for improve protein contact in the crystals, then improve crystallizability. R149C MelB crystal can be obtained in DDM, but these crystals were only diffracted to about 8Å resolution limit. MelB wide type crystal also can be obtained from the condition as that of R149C mutant, but the resolution is weaker than that of mutant. Although MelB and other transporters of known structure share common feature of the crystallization, the emphasis was as much on the protein itself, as it was on detergent type or efficient screening and refinement of the crystallization conditions.
Selective Modulation of Heart and Respiration by Optical Control of Vagus Nerve Axons Innervating the Heart
Authors: Fontaine Arjun K. , Futia Gregory L. , Rajendran Pradeep S. , Littich Samuel , Mizoguchi Naoko , Shivkumar Kalyanam , Ardell Jeffrey L. , Restrepo Diego , Caldwell John H. , Gibson Emily A. , Weir Richard F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTargeting specifics subsets of peripheral pathways of the autonomic nervous system will enable new avenues to study organ control and develop new disease therapies. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown many therapeutic benefits but current approaches involve imprecise electrical stimulation that gives rise to adverse effects, and the functionally relevant pathways are poorly understood. One method to overcome these limitations is the use of optogenetic techniques, which facilitate highly specific neural communication with light-sensitive actuators (opsins). Opsins can be targeted to cell populations of interest based on the location of viral delivery and genetic control of expression. Here, we tested whether holographic photostimulation of subsets of axons of the cervical vagus nerve that innervate the heart can be used to modulate cardiac function. Viral injection of retrograde adeno-associated virus (rAAV2-retro) in the heart resulted in robust, primarily afferent, opsin reporter expression in the vagus nerve, nodose ganglion, and brainstem. Selective holographic photostimulation of axons resulted in changes in heart rate, surface cardiac electrogram, and respiratory responses that were different from responses elicited by whole nerve photostimulation.
Chronic treatment with hydroxychloroquine and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Ferreira A , Oliveira-e-Silva A , Bettencourt P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHydroxychloroquine sulphate (HCQ) is being scrutinized for repositioning in the treatment and prevention of SARS-Cov-2 infection. This antimalarial drug is also chronically used to treat patients with autoimmune diseases.MethodsBy analyzing the Portuguese anonymized data on private and public based medical prescriptions we have identified all cases chronically receiving HCQ for the management of diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. Additionally, we have detected all laboratory confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and all laboratory confirmed negative cases in the Portuguese population (mandatorily registered in a centrally managed database). Cross linking the two sets of data has allowed us to compare the proportion of HCQ chronic treatment (at least 2 grams per month) in laboratory confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with laboratory confirmed negative cases.ResultsOut of 26,815 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, 77 (0.29%) were chronically treated with HCQ, while 1,215 (0.36%) out of 333,489 negative patients were receiving it chronically (P=0.04). After adjustment for age, sex, and chronic treatment with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants, the odds ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infection for chronic treatment with HCQ has been 0.51 (0.37-0.70).ConclusionsOur data suggest that chronic treatment with HCQ confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.