bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Drowning and Prehospital Predictors of Critical Illness in the United States
Authors: Greenshields Molly , Monuteaux Michael C. , Dorney Kate , Garcia Angelica , Lee Lois K. , Farrell Caitlin A. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related death for US children. The study objectives are to describe the characteristics of pediatric drowning patients receiving emergency medical services (EMS) care in the United States and to identify patient-specific and incident-specific variables associated with critical illness after drowning.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study using the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services Information System database. Children below 19 years old with international classification of diseases 10 external cause of injury (E-codes) for drowning were included. Critical illness was defined as a recorded Glasgow Coma Scale score <9 at any time during EMS care. We performed multivariable logistic regression reporting odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for the outcome of critical illness controlling for demographic and incident characteristics.

Results:
Our study sample included 1052 patients, and 57% were below 5 years. Critical illness after drowning was identified in 23.9% (n=251). Most drowning patients were transported via advanced life support (88.4% for noncritically ill, 87.3% for critically ill patients). Resuscitation procedures performed by EMS for these patients included the following: 12.7% with assisted ventilation, 6.7% with advanced airway management, and 17.8% with cardiopulmonary resuscitation. There were increased odds of critical illness in males (OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.93) and in children below 1 year (OR 2.54, 95% CI: 1.26, 5.10) and 1 to 4 years (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.56) compared with 13 to 19 years and decreased odds for urban location (OR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.91).

Conclusions:
Among children receiving EMS care after drowning, 23.9% were critically ill, and predictors of critical illness included male sex, young age, and nonurban locations. Using national EMS data is a novel approach to inform prehospital and emergency department preparedness to improve care for pediatric patients after drowning including pediatric resuscitation procedures by EMS personnel.
A 6-Week Modified Physical Therapy Intensive Program for a Child With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Flowers Meredith 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
This case report assesses the outcomes of a 6-week modified intensive program for a 4-year-old boy with cerebral palsy (CP), Gross Motor Function Classification System Level IV.

Summary of Key Points:
The modified intensive program included the practice of developmental gross motor skills, standing/gait training in adaptive equipment, constraint-induced movement therapy, and whole body vibration.

Conclusions:
The child improved in 4 of the 5 outcomes, including timed sitting balance and modified versions of the 5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test and 9-Hole Peg Test. His ability to assist with transfers, sit independently, and use both hands for play and self-help skills also improved.

Recommendations for Clinical Practice:
This case report adds to the body of evidence supporting the use of intensive program models of physical therapy for children with CP and highlights the need for additional research in this emerging area of clinical practice.
Comparing the Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction After Unilateral Alveolar Cleft Repair With 2 Different Materials—An Innovative Questionnaire Study
Authors: Wu Qian , Wang Yongqian 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Bone marrow concentrate (BMC) combined with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules show ideal osteogenic effects compared with autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) in repairing the alveolar bone defect. This study aimed to investigate the quality of life and satisfaction after different treatments and analyze their potential correlation.

Methods:
Fifty-two patients undergoing alveolar cleft repair in our center from 2019 to 2023 were investigated using a questionnaire developed by our team. SPSS and AMOS software were used for reliability and validity tests to determine the final structure of the scale. The descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and difference analysis were conducted based on the questionnaire data.

Results:
The final version of the questionnaire includes 3 parts with a total of 14 questions: alveolar repair-related quality of life scale, iliac crest-related quality of life scale, and postoperative satisfaction scale. In this study, the mean values of iliac crest-related quality of life after BMC combined with β-TCP granules repair and ICBG repair were 4.67 and 3.06, and the mean values of overall satisfaction were 4.31 and 3.79, respectively.

Conclusion:
The innovative questionnaire can be used as a reliable and valid tool for alveolar cleft repair postoperative evaluation. In this study, the quality of life and satisfaction of patients after alveolar cleft repair with both materials were good and positively correlated. Patients repaired by BMC combined with β-TCP had significantly better iliac crest-related quality of life, iliac donor site satisfaction, and overall satisfaction than patients repaired with ICBG.
Nonsurgical Correction of Deviated Nose Using Hyaluronic Acid Fillers
Authors: Yi Kyu-Ho , Wan Jovian , Yoon Song Eun , Jitaree Benrita , Kim﻿ Soo-Bin﻿ 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Nonsurgical correction of a deviated nose using hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional rhinoplasty. This study presents a series of cases demonstrating the efficacy of HA fillers in achieving improved nasal symmetry and alignment.

Methods:
Five female patients, aged 23 to 44, with varying degrees of nasal deviation, were treated with HA fillers. The filler was strategically injected into the deep subcutaneous or supraperiosteal planes to correct the nasal contour.

Results:
All patients showed significant improvement in nasal alignment and symmetry. The corrections were maintained during follow-up, and patients reported high satisfaction with minimal complications. HA fillers effectively camouflaged nasal deviations, providing a straighter appearance without invasive surgery.

Conclusion:
HA fillers offer a viable, nonsurgical option for correcting mild to moderate nasal deviations, providing satisfactory esthetic results with reduced downtime. However, limitations exist in addressing structural issues like septal deviation, and the results are temporary, necessitating periodic retreatment.

Evidence-based Level:
Level IV.
Maintenance Electroconvulsive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Irritability in Autism Due to Depression in an Adolescent
Authors: Altunkilic Enes Faruk , Karacetin Gul , Gurel Ficicioglu Ipek Ege , Gurtay Ezgi , Kayan Ocakoglu Binay , Tonyali Aysegul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Irritability may be seen in patients with autism spectrum disorder, and it may be treated medically. The core features of the ASD diagnosis may confound presumed treatment resistance of irritability in ASD. Mood disorders should be in differential diagnosis if irritability is treatment-resistant in patients with autism. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be an effective treatment of choice in such patients. In this case report, we present a 16-year-old, 10-month-old male adolescent with autism spectrum disorder who was admitted to our inpatient service due to his self-harming and aggressive behavior with the possibility of severe harm resulting to others. His irritability was resistant to medical treatment; therefore, an underlying mood disorder was considered in the differential diagnosis. This case report presents a patient with treatment-resistant irritability in autism who was treated with fluoxetine and ECT. ECT is being continued as maintenance ECT. While this case is being written, he has received 36th maintenance ECT at a frequency of twice a week. This patient has benefited from a combination of fluoxetine and ECT. In conclusion, in the presence of irritability unresponsive to pharmacological and behavioral treatment in a patient with nonverbal autism spectrum disorder, an underlying mood disorder should be considered, and treatment should be arranged accordingly; ECT and maintenance ECT may be an effective treatment option.
Impact of Anesthesia on Electroconvulsive Therapy–Related Impairments in Global Cognitive Function in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Bernardoff Léo , Blay Martin , Thellier Dimitri , D'Amato Thierry , Galvao Filipe , Poulet Emmanuel 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with treatment-resistant depression frequently leads to impairments in global cognitive function. Propofol and etomidate are the 2 most frequently used drugs for anesthetic induction during ECT. However, only few studies compared their differential impact on ECT-related impairments in global cognitive function.

Methods
We studied retrospectively 75 patients hospitalized at Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier (Bron, France) who met the DSM-V criteria for major depressive disorder and were treated with bilateral ECT to compare the effects of propofol and etomidate on ECT-related cognitive impairment. Global cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and symptom severity was assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), both before and after treatment. The primary endpoint of the study was the change in MoCA score.

Results
We found no significant difference in MoCA score variation between the etomidate and propofol groups. There were also no significant differences in MADRS score variation, responder, remission rate or ECT parameters between the 2 groups (except duration of electroencephalogram crisis).

Conclusions
In this retrospective study, choice of etomidate or propofol as anesthetic agent had no impact on the adverse effects associated with ECT on global cognitive function in patients with treatment-resistant depression.
Comparative Modeling of Antibiotic Resistance, Tolerance, and Persistence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Piranfar Vahhab 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAntibiotic resistance, tolerance, and persistence represent key bacterial survival strategies that impact treatment outcomes and global health. WhileStaphylococcus aureusis a rapidly growing pathogen associated with acute infections,Mycobacterium tuberculosisexhibits slow growth and chronic persistence, necessitating prolonged antibiotic regimens. In this study, we developed mathematical models and computational simulations to compare bacterial survival under antibiotic exposure, quantifying differences in resistance, tolerance, and persistence. Using logistic growth equations and biphasic killing models, we simulated bacterial population dynamics under antibiotic pressure. Our results indicate thatS. aureusexhibits rapid initial tolerance with a killing rate of 0.2/hour, followed by a sharp decline, whereasM. tuberculosisdisplays a prolonged persistence phase with a slow killing rate of 0.001/hour, allowing it to survive extended antibiotic exposure. The transition from fast to slow killing occurs significantly earlier inS. aureus(80 hours). These findings highlight the necessity of prolonged therapy for tuberculosis and suggest that alternative persister-targeting interventions are needed for persistentS. aureusinfections.
UB-MBX-46 is a potent and selective antagonist of the human P2X7 receptor developed by structure-based drug design
Authors: Oken Adam C. , Turcu Andreea L. , Tzortzini Eva , Georgiou Kyriakos , Nagel Jessica , Barniol-Xicota Marta , Kim Ga-Ram , Lee So-Deok , Nicke Annette , Kim Yong-Chul , Müller Christa E. , Kolocouris Antonios , Vázquez Santiago , Mansoor Steven E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe P2X7 receptor is an ATP-gated ion channel that activates inflammatory pathways involved in diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. However, despite the potential benefits of blocking overactive signaling, no P2X7 receptor antagonists have been approved for clinical use. Interspecies variation among existing antagonists has proven challenging, in part due to the dearth of molecular information on different receptor orthologs. Here, to identify distinct molecular features in the human receptor, we determine high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the full-length wild-type human P2X7 receptor in apo closed and ATP-bound open state conformations and draw comparisons with new and existing structures of other orthologs. We also report a cryo-EM structure of the human receptor in complex with an adamantane-based inhibitor, which we leverage, in conjunction with functional data and molecular dynamics simulations, to design a potent and selective antagonist with a unique polycyclic scaffold. Functional and structural analysis reveal how this optimized ligand, UB-MBX-46, interacts with the classical allosteric pocket of the human P2X7 receptor with picomolar potency and high selectivity, revealing its significant therapeutic potential.
Postoperative glycemic variability as a predictor for one-year mortality following coronary artery bypass grafting: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ma Jiasen , Qin Junjun , Mao Fengkai , He Changlin , Ma Daqing , Zhu Jinpiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundIncreased postoperative glycemic variability (GV) has been shown to be associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes. However, the impact of postoperative GV on the long-term mortality after cardiac surgery, particularly with regarding other associated interactive factors, remains unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate whether postoperative GV is associated with one-year mortality, and to determine whether preoperative hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels or diabetes status contribute to the risk of GV-related one-year mortality following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).MethodsData from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database derived from 3,598 patients, who underwent their CABG surgery and subsequently admitted to the ICU between 2008 and 2019, were retrospectively analysed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the postoperative GV levels: the GV-Low group (GV < 0.219, n=2,399) and the GV-High group (GV ≥ 0.219, n=1,199). Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between postoperative GV and one-year mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves assessed cumulative survival, while restricted cubic splines (RCS) evaluated potential non-linear relationships. Cox regression was carried out to determine the impact of postoperative GV changes on one-year mortality.ResultsThe one-year mortality rate was 4.92% following CABG. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed a significant association between postoperative GV and one-year mortality, with harzard ratio of 10.372 (95% CI, 3.973–27.077) in the unadjusted model, 9.065 (95% CI, 3.387–24.263) in the partially adjusted model, and 4.599 (95% CI, 1.662–12.726) in the fully adjusted model. This association followed a linear pattern (p-non-linearity = 0.962). In addition, the association was stronger in patients without diabetes millutes (DM) (odds ratio [OR], 2.781; 95% CI, 1.709–4.526) or in patients with preoperative HbA1c levels ≤ 7.0% (OR, 2.225; 95% CI, 1.537–3.221).ConclusionIncreased postoperative GV is associated with higher one-year mortality following CABG, particularly in patients without DM. These findings may offer valuable guidance for targeted strategies to reduce mortality after cardiac surgery.
Antero-posterior patterning in the brittle starAmphipholis squamataand the evolution of body plans across echinoderms
Authors: Formery L. , Peluso P. , Rank D. R. , Rokhsar D. S. , Lowe C. J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlthough the adult pentaradial body plan of echinoderms evolved from a bilateral ancestor, identifying axial homologies between the morphologically divergent echinoderms and their bilaterian relatives has been an enduring problem in zoology. The expression of conserved bilaterian patterning genes in echinoderms provides a molecular framework for resolving this puzzle. Recent studies in juvenile asteroids suggest that the bilaterian antero-posterior axis maps onto the medio-lateral axis that is perpendicular to each of the five rays of the pentaradial body plan. Here we test this hypothesis in another echinoderm class, the ophiuroids, using the cosmopolitan brittle starAmphipholis squamata. Our results show that the general principles of axial patterning are similar to those described in asteroids, and comparisons with existing molecular data from other echinoderm taxa support the idea that medio-lateral deployment of the AP patterning program across the rays predates the evolution of the asterozoan and likely the echinoderm crown-groups. Our data also reveal expression differences betweenA. squamataand asteroids, which we attribute to secondary modifications specific to ophiuroids. Together, this work provides important comparative data to reconstruct the evolution of axial properties in echinoderm body plans.
Optimal management of isolated left vertebral artery in total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk for aortic dissection
Authors: Zhou Sangyu , Liu Yanxiang , Zhang Bowen , Wang Luchen , Zhao Ruojin , Xie Mingxing , Chen Xuyang , Yu Cuntao , Dun Yaojun , Sun Xiaogang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe presence of an isolated left vertebral artery (ILVA) in patients with aortic dissection (AD) is a rare and challenging condition. This study aims to determine the optimal management of ILVA in patients with AD undergoing total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk (TAR with FET).Methods and ResultsThis retrospective study enrolled 94 patients with ILVA and AD who underwent TAR with FET. Patients were divided into three groups: 18 patients underwent ligation of ILVA, 52 underwent ILVA- left subclavian artery (LSCA) transposition, and 24 underwent ILVA- left common carotid artery (LCCA) transposition. Vertebral artery dominance was left-dominant in 10.6%, symmetric in 33.0%, and right-dominant in 56.4% of patients. Notably, patients who underwent ligation of ILVA had either symmetric or right-dominant vertebral arteries, with no left-dominant cases. No strokes were observed. Paraplegia/paraparesis, mechanical ventilation time, and long-term survival were comparable among the three groups. Follow-up computed tomographic angiography (CTA) confirmed patency of the left vertebral artery in all patients who underwent ILVA transposition.ConclusionsLigation of ILVA, ILVA-LSCA transposition, and ILVA-LCCA transposition are all feasible and safe strategies for managing ILVA in patients with AD undergoing TAR with FET. However, ligation of ILVA is not recommended for patients with left-dominant vertebral arteries.
Both composition and configuration of forests and urban development shape bat activity and diversity in North American temperate forests
Authors: Chen Sihao , Li Han 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTemperate forest ecosystems are important habitats for many bat species. However, these habitats are increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances, particularly urban development, leading to landscapes with varying land cover composition and configuration. Limited research has examined how forest and urban landscape composition and configuration influence bat activity and diversity. Using a multi-year statewide bat acoustic monitoring dataset from North Carolina, United States, we investigated the effects of forest and urban composition and configuration at multiple spatial scales on bat activity and diversity. First, we constructed single-variable landscape index regression models and found that both composition and configuration of forests and urban developments influenced bat activity and diversity in a species-specific manner. Next, we applied a hierarchical partitioning approach to compare the relative contributions of composition and configuration indices in explaining variance in bat activity. For big brown bats and hoary bats, evergreen forest and urban development composition indices contributed the most to explaining activity variance. In contrast, for eastern red bats, evening bats, and tricolored bats, deciduous forest fragmentation indices describing landscape configuration were the most influential factors. Silver-haired bat activity variance was primarily explained by an evergreen forest fragmentation index. Lastly, urban development configuration indices were the strongest predictors of Mexican free-tailed bat activity and total bat activity. These results suggest that forest and urban landscape configuration should be considered in conservation and management planning for North American temperate forest ecosystems, particularly in regions that have not experienced drastic deforestation in recent decades.
LUMI-lab: a Foundation Model-Driven Autonomous Platform Enabling Discovery of New Ionizable Lipid Designs for mRNA Delivery
Authors: Cui Haotian , Xu Yue , Pang Kuan , Li Gen , Gong Fanglin , Wang Bo , Li Bowen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe complexity of molecular discovery requires autonomous systems that efficiently explore vast and uncharted chemical spaces. While integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with robotic automation has accelerated discovery, its application remains constrained in fields with scarce historical data. One such challenge is the design of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for mRNA delivery, which has relied on expert-driven design and is hindered by limited datasets. Here, we introduce LUMI-lab, a self-driving lab (SDL) system that enables efficient learning with minimal wet-lab data by integrating a molecular foundation model with an automated active-learning experimental workflow. Through ten iterative cycles, LUMI-lab synthesized and evaluated over 1,700 LNPs, identifying ionizable lipids with superior mRNA transfection potency in human bronchial cells compared to clinically approved benchmarks. Unexpectedly, it autonomously uncovered brominated lipid tails as a novel feature enhancing mRNA delivery.In vivovalidation further confirmed that inhalation of LNPs containing the top-performing lipid, LUMI-6, achieved 20.3% gene editing efficacy in lung epithelial cells in murine models, surpassing the highest efficiency reported for inhaled LNP-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery in mice to our knowledge. These findings demonstrate LUMI-lab as a powerful, data-efficient platform for advancing mRNA delivery, highlighting the potential of AI-driven autonomous systems to accelerate innovation in material science and therapeutic discovery.