bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term trend of regional passenger road transport demand and emission estimation under exhaust emission regulation scenario in Thailand
Authors: Cheewaphongphan Penwadee , Hanaoka Tatsuya , Chatani Satoru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Economic development, transport demand, and air pollution are interrelated. The heterogeneity of economic development among regions and the freezing of exhaust emission regulations for approximately a decade in Thailand were the motivations for this study. Herein we provide a comprehensive analysis of vehicle exhaust emission projections for up to 2050 with specific regional breakdown for passenger transport mode and volume; we also provide region-wise and mode-wise outcomes to help understand the effects of enhancing exhaust emissions regulation for future air pollutant emissions. The results from this study reveal the limitations of current regulations and establish the need to enhance regulations within this decade to cope with air pollution for the long-term growth of regional economic development.
The Association of Prenatal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Becerra-Culqui Tracy A , Getahun Darios , Chiu Vicki , Sy Lina S , Tseng Hung Fu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As prenatal vaccinations become more prevalent, it is important to assess potential safety events. In a retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Southern California (Pasadena, California) mother-child pairs with birth dates during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2014, we investigated the association between prenatal tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Information on Tdap vaccination during pregnancy was obtained from electronic medical records. ADHD was defined by International Classification of Diseases codes (Ninth or Tenth Revision) and dispensed ADHD medication after age 3 years. Children were followed to the date of their first ADHD diagnosis, the end of Kaiser Permanente membership, or the end of follow-up (December 31, 2018). In Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios for the association between maternal Tdap vaccination and ADHD, with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) used to adjust for confounding. Of 128,756 eligible mother-child pairs, 85,607 were included in the final sample. The ADHD incidence rate was 3.41 per 1,000 person-years in the Tdap-vaccinated women and 3.93 per 1,000 person-years in the unvaccinated (hazard ratio = 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.16). The IPTW-adjusted analyses showed no association between prenatal Tdap vaccination and ADHD in offspring (hazard ratio = 1.00, 95% confidence interval: 0.88, 1.14). In this study, prenatal Tdap vaccination was not associated with ADHD risk in offspring, supporting recommendations to vaccinate pregnant women.
Behavioral Screening of Alcohol Effects and Individual Differences in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Araujo-Silva Heloysa , Leite-Ferreira Maria Elisa , Luchiari Ana Carolina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aim
To better understand the individual differences that make up a population, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different alcoholic concentrations on the behavioral profiles of zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Methods
For this purpose, adult animals were separated into two behavioral profiles: bold and shy, according to the emergence order. Bold and shy fish were individually tested for exploration after exposure to the drug. Acute exposure treatments were alcohol 0.00, 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50%. The behavioral parameters evaluated were speed while moving, maximum speed, total distance traveled and distance from the bottom of the tank.

Results
For the groups that did not receive alcohol, bold animals showed higher speed while moving. Shy 0.00% and shy 0.10% had the highest maximum speed compared with other concentrations and profiles. For the distance from the bottom tank, our results showed that the increase induced by the low acute dose (0.10%) was observed for both profiles.

Conclusions
Our results corroborate with previous findings that alcohol affects the behavioral profiles of zebrafish differently, with bold animals apparently more resistant to these changes.
Explanatory perfectionism: a fresh take on an ancient theory
Authors: Prinzing Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ‘Big Three’ theories of well-being – hedonism, desire-satisfactionism and objective list theory – attempt to explain why certain things are good for people by appealing to prudentially good-making properties. But they do not attempt to explain why the properties they advert to make something good for a person. Perfectionism, the view that well-being consists in nature-fulfilment, is often considered a competitor to these views (or else a version of the objective list theory). However, I argue that perfectionism is best understood as explaining why certain properties are prudentially good-making. This version of perfectionism is compatible with each of the Big Three and, I argue, quite attractive.
Guarding the Great Wall?—jurisprudential review of treaty interpretative tools in Chinese BIT-based arbitration cases
Authors: Wei Shen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Inconsistency has been said to be one of the most severe shortcomings the existing investor–State dispute settlement (the ISDS) system possesses. Inconsistency, if not cured, is likely to affect the legitimacy of the ISDS. Partly in response to the claims of inconsistency and illegitimacy of the ISDS, the EU has proposed to have a permanent investment court to replace the ISDS while the US proposed to have an appellate body for the current ISDS along with a large camp of undecided states having no firm position on the ISDS reform. China, on the other hand, has not issued an official response to the concept of a permanent investment court, partially because of its less active role in the use of the existing ISDS. More recent years have witnessed China’s increasing involvement in ISDS cases. The purpose of this article is to review these China BIT-related ISDS cases, in particular, the awards on jurisdiction, and the tribunals’ varying techniques in interpreting the ISDS clauses in China’s BITs with a focus on the jurisprudential analyses of these cases and the tribunals’ treaty interpretive techniques. Not surprisingly, the interpretative tendency has been quite uniform. In brief, the tribunals have tended to be more expansive when they were called upon to determine the jurisdictional issues. Although this article is largely jurisprudential, a sense of the tribunals’ arbitral techniques may help shape some foundational underpinnings for China’s policy response to the proposals to reform the ISDS system made by the EU, the US, and others.
Incidence of Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Acute Otitis Media, and Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Preventable by Vaccination Against Group A Streptococcus in the United States
Authors: Lewnard Joseph A , King Laura M , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E , Link-Gelles Ruth , Van Beneden Chris A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a leading cause of acute respiratory conditions that frequently result in antibiotic prescribing. Vaccines against GAS are currently in development.

Methods
We estimated the incidence rates of healthcare visits and antibiotic prescribing for pharyngitis, sinusitis, and acute otitis media (AOM) in the United States using nationally representative surveys of outpatient care provision, supplemented by insurance claims data. We estimated the proportion of these episodes attributable to GAS and to GAS emm types included in a proposed 30-valent vaccine. We used these outputs to estimate the incidence rates of outpatient visits and antibiotic prescribing preventable by GAS vaccines with various efficacy profiles under infant and school-age dosing schedules.

Results
GAS pharyngitis causes 19.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.3–21.1) outpatient visits and 10.2 (95% CI, 9.0–11.5) antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 US persons aged 0–64 years, annually. GAS pharyngitis causes 93.2 (95% CI, 82.3–105.3) visits and 53.2 (95% CI, 45.2–62.5) antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 children ages 3–9 years, annually, representing 5.9% (95% CI, 5.1–7.0%) of all outpatient antibiotic prescribing in this age group. Collectively, GAS-attributable pharyngitis, sinusitis, and AOM cause 26.9 (95% CI, 23.9–30.8) outpatient visits and 16.1 (95% CI, 14.0–18.7) antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 population, annually. A 30-valent GAS vaccine meeting the World Health Organization’s 80% efficacy target could prevent 5.4% (95% CI, 4.6–6.4%) of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions among children aged 3–9 years. If vaccine prevention of GAS pharyngitis made the routine antibiotic treatment of pharyngitis unnecessary, up to 17.1% (95% CI, 15.0–19.6%) of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions among children aged 3–9 years could be prevented.

Conclusions
An efficacious GAS vaccine could prevent substantial incidences of pharyngitis infections and associated antibiotic prescribing in the United States.
Larynx-preserving hybrid surgery with endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery and open surgery for cervical esophageal cancer invading pharynx
Authors: Watanabe Akihito , Taniguchi Masanobu , Kimura Yuki , Kikkawa Tomohiro , Hosokawa Masao 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Larynx preserving hybrid surgery with endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery and open surgery (HELPS) was created for resectable cervical esophageal cancer (CEC) invading the hypopharynx. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness and to evaluate the feasibility of the new HELPS treatment method. Between 2014 and 2018, 19 patients with CEC invading the hypopharynx were treated with HELPS. The postoperative complications and survival rates were reviewed. Postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis occurred in four patients. All patients consumed food orally without a feeding tube at the time of the discharge. The median follow-up period was 27 months. The 2- and 3-year overall survival rates were 94.7 and 71.5%, respectively. HELPS, a new surgical treatment method that utilizes endoscopic surgery, is effective, feasible and beneficial for preserving the larynx in patients with CEC even if the tumor invaded the pharynx.
Management of severe haemolytic anaemia due to residual small mitral paravalvular leak post-percutaneous closure: a case report
Authors: Abuelatta Reda , Khedr Lamiaa , AlHarbi Ibraheem , Naeim Hesham A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Haemolytic anaemia is a complication of paravalvular leak (PVL). The correlation between the size of the leak and the severity of haemolysis is unclear. Small leaks can cause severe haemolysis, whereas significant leaks may cause no haemolysis.

Case summary
We report the case of a 40-year-old male who underwent mechanical mitral and aortic valve replacement 20 years ago. In the last 3 years, the procedure was repeated three times due to infective endocarditis. He presented with severe shortness of breath. A transoesophageal echocardiogram with three-dimensional surgical view showed that both discs of the mechanical mitral valve opened sufficiently but a severe PVL had occurred at the 9–12 o’clock position. The location of the mitral valve was abnormal, the sewing ring was inserted high at the mid-interatrial septum. The mechanical aortic valve functioned well. Closure of the transcutaneous PVL was accomplished with two percutaneously implanted devices, leaving a small leak in between. After closure, he developed haemolytic anaemia (haemoglobin: 6 g/dL, lactate dehydrogenase: 1896 units/L, reticulocyte count: 4.6%). He then received 16 units of packed red blood cells. He developed acute kidney injury and was started on haemodialysis. We then installed two additional devices to completely close the mild residual leak and another device to resolve the bidirectional transseptal defect. After 2 days, his renal function returned to normal and anaemia improved (haemoglobin: 9.1 g/dL).

Discussion
Mild residual paravalvular leak can cause severe haemolytic anaemia that is correctable via percutaneous closure of the leak.
The gene-rich genome of the scallop Pecten maximus
Authors: Kenny Nathan J , McCarthy Shane A , Dudchenko Olga , James Katherine , Betteridge Emma , Corton Craig , Dolucan Jale , Mead Dan , Oliver Karen , Omer Arina D , Pelan Sarah , Ryan Yan , Sims Ying , Skelton Jason , Smith Michelle , Torrance James , Weisz David , Wipat Anil , Aiden Erez L , Howe Kerstin , Williams Suzanne T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The king scallop, Pecten maximus, is distributed in shallow waters along the Atlantic coast of Europe. It forms the basis of a valuable commercial fishery and plays a key role in coastal ecosystems and food webs. Like other filter feeding bivalves it can accumulate potent phytotoxins, to which it has evolved some immunity. The molecular origins of this immunity are of interest to evolutionary biologists, pharmaceutical companies, and fisheries management.

Findings
Here we report the genome assembly of this species, conducted as part of the Wellcome Sanger 25 Genomes Project. This genome was assembled from PacBio reads and scaffolded with 10X Chromium and Hi-C data. Its 3,983 scaffolds have an N50 of 44.8 Mb (longest scaffold 60.1 Mb), with 92% of the assembly sequence contained in 19 scaffolds, corresponding to the 19 chromosomes found in this species. The total assembly spans 918.3 Mb and is the best-scaffolded marine bivalve genome published to date, exhibiting 95.5% recovery of the metazoan BUSCO set. Gene annotation resulted in 67,741 gene models. Analysis of gene content revealed large numbers of gene duplicates, as previously seen in bivalves, with little gene loss, in comparison with the sequenced genomes of other marine bivalve species.

Conclusions
The genome assembly of P. maximus and its annotated gene set provide a high-quality platform for studies on such disparate topics as shell biomineralization, pigmentation, vision, and resistance to algal toxins. As a result of our findings we highlight the sodium channel gene Nav1, known to confer resistance to saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin, as a candidate for further studies investigating immunity to domoic acid.
A novel colistin adjuvant identified by virtual screening for ArnT inhibitors
Authors: Ghirga Francesca , Stefanelli Roberta , Cavinato Luca , Lo Sciuto Alessandra , Corradi Silvia , Quaglio Deborah , Calcaterra Andrea , Casciaro Bruno , Loffredo Maria Rosa , Cappiello Floriana , Morelli Patrizia , Antonelli Alberto , Rossolini Gian Maria , Mangoni Marialuisa , Mancone Carmine , Botta Bruno , Mori Mattia , Ascenzioni Fiorentina , Imperi Francesco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundColistin is a last-resort treatment option for many MDR Gram-negative bacteria. The covalent addition of l-aminoarabinose to the lipid A moiety of LPS is the main colistin resistance mechanism in the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.ObjectivesIdentification (by in silico screening of a chemical library) of potential inhibitors of ArnT, which catalyses the last committed step of lipid A aminoarabinosylation, and their validation in vitro as colistin adjuvants.MethodsThe available ArnT crystal structure was used for a docking-based virtual screening of an in-house library of natural products. The resulting putative ArnT inhibitors were tested in growth inhibition assays using a reference colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa strain. The most promising compound was further characterized for its range of activity, specificity and cytotoxicity. Additionally, the effect of the compound on lipid A aminoarabinosylation was verified by MS analyses of lipid A.ResultsA putative ArnT inhibitor (BBN149) was discovered by molecular docking and demonstrated to specifically potentiate colistin activity in colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, without relevant effect on colistin-susceptible strains. BBN149 also showed adjuvant activity against colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and low toxicity to bronchial epithelial cells. Lipid A aminoarabinosylation was reduced in BBN149-treated cells, although only partially.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that in silico screening targeting ArnT can successfully identify inhibitors of colistin resistance and provides a promising lead compound for the development of colistin adjuvants for the treatment of MDR bacterial infections.
Determination of Fructans in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection after Enzymatic Treatment: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2016.14
Authors: Spichtig Véronique , Austin Sean , Brunt Kommer , Van Soest Jeroen , Sanders Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Fructans are added to infant formula and adult nutritionals for their prebiotic effect. A method (AOAC 2016.14) was developed for their analysis which has already demonstrated excellent performance during single laboratory validation.

Objective
To determine repeatability and reproducibility of the method through a collaborative study.

Methods
Fourteen laboratories from 11 different countries enrolled for the study. Participants analyzed a practice sample, then 8 formula or adult nutritionals in blind duplicate. Results and any method modifications were reported to the study director.

Results
Twelve laboratories provided results on time for reporting. Precision results for five samples met the requirements of the Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR 2014.002), with RSDr ranging from 3.60 to 4.25% and RSDR ranging from 5.90 to 11.7%. The practice sample also met the requirements of SMPR 2014.002, with RSDr and RSDR of 2.53% and 6.70% respectively. Precision results for three test samples did not fully meet the SMPR, with RSDr ranging from 2.27 to 7.65% and RSDR ranging from 12.8 to 15.1%. After review, the AOAC Stakeholder Panel for Infant Formula and Adult Nutritional Expert Review Panel (SPIFAN ERP) concluded that the data presented mostly met the SMPR and hence recommended that the method to be advanced for adoption as an AOAC Final Action method.

Conclusions
The method described in AOAC 2016.14 is suitable for the determination of fructans in infant formula and adult nutritionals.
Free and Glucuronide Urine Cannabinoids after Controlled Smoked, Vaporized and Oral Cannabis Administration in Frequent and Occasional Cannabis Users
Authors: Huestis Marilyn A , Sempio Cristina , Newmeyer Matthew N , Andersson Maria , Barnes Allan J , Abulseoud Osama A , Blount Benjamin C , Schroeder Jennifer , Smith Michael L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Total urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) concentrations are generally reported following cannabis administration. Few data are available for glucuronide and minor cannabinoid metabolite concentrations. All urine specimens from 11 frequent and 9 occasional cannabis users were analyzed for 11 cannabinoids for ~85 h by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry following controlled smoked, vaporized or oral 50.6 mg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in a randomized, placebo-controlled, within-subject dosing design. No cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabigerol, tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), THC, 11-OH-THC and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid were detected in urine. Median THCCOOH-glucuronide maximum concentrations (Cmax) following smoked, vaporized and oral routes were 68.0, 26.7 and 360 μg/L for occasional and 378, 248 and 485 μg/L for frequent users, respectively. Median time to specific gravity-normalized Cmax (Tmax) was 5.1–7.9 h for all routes and all users. Median Cmax for THCCOOH, THC-glucuronide and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THCV (THCVCOOH) were &lt;7.5% of THCCOOH-glucuronide Cmax concentrations. Only THC-glucuronide mean Tmax differed between routes and groups, and was often present only in occasional users’ first urine void. Multiple THCCOOH-glucuronide and THCCOOH peaks were observed. We also evaluated these urinary data with published models for determining recency of cannabis use. These urinary cannabinoid marker concentrations from occasional and frequent cannabis users following three routes of administration provide a scientific database to assess single urine concentrations in cannabis monitoring programs. New target analytes (CBD, CBN, CBG, THCV and phase II metabolites) were not found in urine. The results are important to officials in drug treatment, workplace and criminal justice drug monitoring programs, as well as policy makers with responsibility for cannabis regulations.
MCDF: A New Beacon of Multilateralism in Development Finance
Authors: Gu Bin 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The Multilateral Cooperation Center for Development Finance (MCDF) is an infant but prospectively important initiative in international development finance, initiated by China at the inaugural Belt and Road Forum in 2017, and now endorsed by eight leading international development banks worldwide. The MCDF is expected to work closely with global agendas such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), as well as with other peer institutions including the Global Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance (GICA), the Global Infrastructure Hub (GI Hub), and the Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF), in pursuing their shared goals of promoting infrastructure and connectivity investment. This article endeavors to investigate some key institutional matters for the development of the MCDF; they are the structure of its Secretariat, the funding mechanism, and the designated functions. Along the spectrum of hardening soft law, the MCDF is expected to evolve as an independent international body, to be equipped with a charter as its constituent instrument. The prospect of China’s role in the MCDF is predicated upon the understanding of Chinese culture and China’s approach toward global governance, which has been consistently demonstrated during the development of the AIIB and the BRI. China will play a leadership role in the MCDF, while behaving responsibly to other participants, including to borrower countries.
A new variant of double common bile duct associated with choledochal cyst
Authors: Nuamah Nabil M , Ekiz Feza , Kartal Gulbiz , Sunamak Oguzhan , Şahiner Ibrahim Tayfun 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Extrahepatic bile duct duplication is a rare biliary anomaly often associated with conditions like cholecysto-choledocholithiasis, choledochal cyst and malignancy. Precise preoperative diagnosis using conventional radiologic imaging still remains a challenge and use of existing classification system is equally confusing. A female patient diagnosed with choledochal cyst by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was found to have an associated new variant of double common bile duct during surgery. The variant discovered could not be classified by existing classification systems and was missed by preoperative imaging. Recognition of existence of this anomaly that warrants careful dissection during biliary surgery is necessary to avoid inadvertent biliary injury as preoperative diagnosis still remains a challenge. Review of existing classification systems is required to include newly discovered variants.