bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Child Autistic Symptoms on Parental Marital Relationship: Parenting and Coparenting Processes as Mediating Mechanisms
Authors: Chan Kevin Ka Shing , Leung Donald Chi Kin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractResearch shows that parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love. Less is known, however, about the potential mechanism underlying these associations. The present study tested a family process model linking child autism to parental marriage. We hypothesized that child autistic symptoms would be associated with increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD, and that these associations would be mediated by parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. A total of 382 parents of children with ASD from Hong Kong, China completed questionnaire measures of child autistic symptoms, parenting stress, coparenting conflicts, marital conflicts, and marital love. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and Bootstrap analyses were conducted to analyze the relations among the variables. SEM showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with ASD. Bootstrap analyses further demonstrated that child autistic symptoms had significant indirect effects on marital conflicts and marital love via parenting stress and coparenting conflicts. Theoretically, this study revealed the potential pathways through which child autism symptomatology may adversely impact the family processes and compromise the marital relationships of parents of children with ASD. Practically, this study pointed to the utility of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities.Lay SummaryThis study showed that child autistic symptoms were related to higher levels of parenting stress and coparenting conflicts, which were, in turn, related to increased marital conflicts and reduced marital love among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These findings pointed to the importance of helping parents of children with ASD to manage child autistic symptoms, alleviate parenting stress, and reduce coparenting conflicts in improving their marital qualities. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1516–1526. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Steroids from the South China Sea Soft Coral Lobophytum sp.
Authors: Ye Fei , Zhou Yu‐Bo , Li Jia , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Guo Yue‐Wei , Li Xu‐Wen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo new steroids, (22R,23S)‐3β‐hydroxy‐23‐methyl‐17,20‐epoxyergost‐5‐en‐22‐yl acetate and (22R,23S)‐5‐hydroperoxy‐23‐methyl‐5α‐17,20‐epoxyergost‐6‐ene‐3β,22‐diol, were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Lobophytum sp., together with two related known ones. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparing their spectral data with those previously reported. The structure of (22R,23S)‐3β‐hydroxy‐23‐methyl‐17,20‐epoxyergost‐5‐en‐22‐yl acetate was further confirmed through chemical correlation. All the isolates were evaluated for the in vitro inhibitory activity against NF‐κB, a potential target for the treatment of cancer, and (22R,23S)‐5‐hydroperoxy‐23‐methyl‐5α‐17,20‐epoxyergost‐6‐ene‐3β,22‐diol exhibited moderate inhibition activity with IC50 value of 8.96 μg/mL.
Dual‐PKS Cluster for Biosynthesis of a Light‐Induced Secondary Metabolite Found from Genome Sequencing of Hyphodiscus hymeniophilus Fungus
Authors: Kramer Glenna J. , Pimentel‐Elardo Sheila , Nodwell Justin R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFilamentous fungi are known producers of important secondary metabolites. In spite of this, the majority of these organisms have not been studied at the genome level, leaving many of the bioactive molecules they produce undiscovered. In this study, we explore the secondary metabolite potential of an understudied fungus, Hyphodiscus hymeniophilus. By sequencing and assembling the first genome from this genus, we show that this fungus has genes for at least 20 natural products and that many of these products are likely novel. One of these metabolites is identified: a new, red‐pigmented member of the azaphilone class, hyphodiscorubrin. We show that this metabolite is only produced when the fungus is grown in the light. Furthermore, the biosynthetic gene cluster of hyphodiscorubrin is identified though homology to other known azaphilone producing clusters.
Crossing the Border: From Keto‐ to Imine Reduction in Short‐Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases
Authors: Roth Sebastian , Stockinger Peter , Steff Jakob , Steimle Simon , Sautner Viktor , Tittmann Kai , Pleiss Jürgen , Müller Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe family of NAD(P)H‐dependent short‐chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) comprises numerous biocatalysts capable of C=O or C=C reduction. The highly homologous noroxomaritidine reductase (NR) from Narcissus sp. aff. pseudonarcissus and Zt_SDR from Zephyranthes treatiae, however, are SDRs with an extended imine substrate scope. Comparison with a similar SDR from Asparagus officinalis (Ao_SDR) exhibiting keto‐reducing activity, yet negligible imine‐reducing capability, and mining the Short‐Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Engineering Database indicated that NR and Zt_SDR possess a unique active‐site composition among SDRs. Adapting the active site of Ao_SDR accordingly improved its imine‐reducing capability. By applying the same strategy, an unrelated SDR from Methylobacterium sp. 77 (M77_SDR) with distinct keto‐reducing activity was engineered into a promiscuous enzyme with imine‐reducing activity, thereby confirming that the ability to reduce imines can be rationally introduced into members of the “classical” SDR enzyme family. Thus, members of the SDR family could be a promising starting point for protein approaches to generate new imine‐reducing enzymes.
Titania Morphology‐Dependent Catalysis of CuOx/TiO2 Catalysts in CO Oxidation and Water Gas Shift Reactions
Authors: Yu Zongyou , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhang Yunshang , Huang Weixin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCuOx/TiO2 nanocatalysts (x=0 or 1) with ∼11 % wt. Cu loading employing TiO2 nanocrystals with various morphologies predominantly exposing {001}, {100}, and {101} facets as supports have been synthesized as catalysts for CO oxidation with excess of O2 (oxidative atmosphere) and water gas shift (WGS) reaction (reductive atmosphere). Strong TiO2 morphology effects were observed. The strongest Cu2O−TiO2 interaction was observed in CuO−TiO2{001} nanocatalyst, while the strongest Cu‐TiO2 interaction occurred in Cu‐TiO2{100} nanocatalyst. Catalytic activities of various CuO/TiO2 nanocatalysts in CO oxidation and of various Cu/TiO2 nanocatalysts in WGS reaction follow the same order of CuOx/TiO2{100}>CuOx/TiO2{101}>CuOx/TiO2{001}, and all CuO/TiO2 nanocatalysts are stable in CO oxidation but all Cu/TiO2 nanocatalysts suffer from serious deactivation in WGS reaction. The active structure of CuO/TiO2 nanocatalysts in CO oxidation was found to be the CuO species, while the active structure of Cu/TiO2 nanocatalysts in WGS reaction to be the Cu‐TiO2 interface which is relevant to the Cu‐TiO2 interaction. The supported Cu nanoparticles in Cu/TiO2 nanocatalysts tend to agglomerate at high temperatures in 5 %CO/Ar atmosphere, responsible for the deactivation in WGS reaction. These results not only demonstrate the morphology‐dependent CuOx‐TiO2 interaction in CuOx/TiO2 nanocatalysts, but also reveal reaction‐dependent active structures of CuOx/TiO2 nanocatalysts.
Influence of Substrate Binding Residues on the Substrate Scope and Regioselectivity of a Plant O‐Methyltransferase against Flavonoids
Authors: Tang Qingyun , Vianney Yoanes M. , Weisz Klaus , Grathwol Christoph W. , Link Andreas , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Pavlidis Ioannis V. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMethylation of free hydroxyl groups is an important modification for flavonoids. It not only greatly increases absorption and oral bioavailability of flavonoids, but also brings new biological activities. Flavonoid methylation is usually achieved by a specific group of plant O‐methyltransferases (OMTs) which typically exhibit high substrate specificity. Here we investigated the effect of several residues in the binding pocket of the Clarkia breweri isoeugenol OMT on the substrate scope and regioselectivity against flavonoids. The mutation T133M, identified as reported in our previous publication, increased the activity of the enzyme against several flavonoids, namely eriodictyol, naringenin, luteolin, quercetin and even the isoflavonoid genistein, while a reduced set of amino acids at positions 322 and 326 affected both, the activity and the regioselectivity of the methyltranferase. On the basis of this work, methylated flavonoids that are rare in nature were produced in high purity.
Activation of Sirtuin 2 Inhibitors Employing Photoswitchable Geometry and Aqueous Solubility
Authors: Grathwol Christoph W. , Wössner Nathalie , Behnisch‐Cornwell Steven , Schulig Lukas , Zhang Lin , Einsle Oliver , Jung Manfred , Link Andreas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBecause isoenzymes of the experimentally and therapeutically extremely relevant sirtuin family show high similarity, addressing the unique selectivity pocket of sirtuin 2 is a promising strategy towards selective inhibitors. An unrelated approach towards selective inhibition of isoenzymes with varied tissue distribution is targeted drug delivery or spatiotemporal activation by photochemical activation. Azologization of two nicotinamide‐mimicking lead structures was undertaken to combine both approaches and yielded a set of 33 azobenzenes and azopyridines that have been evaluated for their photochemical behaviour and bioactivity. For some compounds, inhibitory activity reached the sub‐micromolar range in their thermodynamically favoured E form and could be decreased by photoisomerization to the metastable Z form. Besides, derivatization with long‐chain fatty acids yielded potent sirtuin 2 inhibitors, featuring another intriguing aspect of azo‐based photoswitches. In these compounds, switching to the Z isomer increased aqueous solubility and thereby enhanced biological activity by up to a factor of 21. The biological activity of two compounds was confirmed by hyperacetylation of sirtuin specific histone proteins in a cell‐based activity assay.
Congruence of patient‐ and clinician‐reported toxicity in women receiving chemotherapy for early breast cancer
Authors: Nyrop Kirsten A. , Deal Allison M. , Reeve Bryce B. , Basch Ethan , Chen Yi Tang , Park Ji Hye , Shachar Shlomit S. , Carey Lisa A. , Reeder‐Hayes Katherine E. , Dees Elizabeth C. , Jolly Trevor A. , Kimmick Gretchen G. , Karuturi Meghan S. , Reinbolt Raquel E. , Speca JoEllen C. , Lee Jordan T. , Wood William A. , Muss Hyman B. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe National Cancer Institute's Patient‐Reported Outcomes Version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, collected alongside the clinician‐reported Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, enables comparisons of patient and clinician reports on treatment toxicity.MethodsIn a multisite study of women receiving chemotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer, symptom reports were collected on the same day from patients and their clinicians for 17 symptoms; their data were not shared with each other. The proportions of moderate, severe, or very severe patient‐reported symptom severity were compared with the proportions of clinician‐rated grade 2, 3, or 4 toxicity. Patient‐clinician agreement was assessed via κ statistics. Chi‐square tests investigated whether patient characteristics were associated with patient‐clinician agreement.ResultsAmong 267 women, the median age was 58 years (range, 24‐83 years), and 26% were nonwhite. There was moderate scoring agreement (κ = 0.413‐0.570) for 53% of symptoms, fair agreement for 41% (κ = 0.220‐0.378), and slight agreement for 6% (κ = 0.188). For example, patient‐reported and clinician‐rated percentages were 22% and 8% for severe or very severe fatigue, 41% and 46% for moderate fatigue, 32% and 39% for mild fatigue, and 6% and 7% for none. Clinician severity scores were lower for nonwhite patients in comparison with white patients for peripheral neuropathy, nausea, arthralgia, and dyspnea.ConclusionsAlthough clinician reporting of symptoms is common practice in oncology, there is suboptimal agreement with the gold standard of patient self‐reporting. These data provide further evidence supporting the integration of patient‐reported outcomes into oncological clinical research and clinical practice to improve monitoring of symptoms as well as timely interventions for symptoms.
Surface Nanostructures Based on Assemblies of Polymer Brushes
Authors: Hou Wangmeng , Liu Yingze , Zhao Hanying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudies on the fabrication of hierarchical surface nanostructures have significantly promoted the development of materials with new surface properties and functionalities. In this Minireview, progress on the fabrication of surface nanostructures based on surface organization of polymer brushes are outlined. In the past decades, self‐assemblies of polymer brushes, including homopolymer, block‐copolymer and mixed‐polymer brushes, have aroused great interest in the fields of chemistry and materials science. Recent studies demonstrate that surface co‐assemblies of polymer brushes and free polymer chains on solid surfaces are considered as an efficient approach to the preparation of hierarchical nanostructures. Some typical surface nanostructures and properties achieved through surface co‐assembly approach are reviewed in this article. Meanwhile, the fundamental problems in the co‐assembly approach are discussed and the potential applications of the hierarchical surface nanostructures are presented.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration of accessory spleen: Cytomorphologic features and diagnostic considerations
Authors: Gilani Syed M. , Muniraj Thiruvengadam , Farrell James J. , Aslanian Harry R. , Cai Guoping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccessory spleen/or splenule (AS) can involve pancreas/or peripancreatic tissue and present as a mass‐forming lesion, and on imaging studies, it stimulates concern for a neoplastic process. The current study reported the largest cohort of AS cases evaluated by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed our data base system for cases underwent EUS‐FNA for pancreatic/or peripancreatic lesions, with “AS” in diagnosis or in note/or with a clinical concern in the history, from January 2010 to August 2019. Corresponding cytology slides were re‐reviewed to identify the key cytomorphologic features.ResultsWe identified 25 AS cases from 15 female and 10 male patients with a mean age of 55 years. Most patients presented with non‐specific clinical symptoms or were identified as an incidental mass lesion. Majority of the lesions were located in or around the pancreatic tail region (68%) while the remainder in perisplenic region (32%). Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) was performed in nearly half of the cases (48%). Cytologically, AS shows a mixed population of medium to small‐sized lymphocytes, clusters of lymphoid cells (LC), prominent vascularity (PV), scattered mixed inflammatory cells including eosinophils, and large platelet aggregates (LPAs). Among them, LC (P = .0079), PV and LPAs were the most helpful features for cytological diagnosis.ConclusionAS is a benign entity and may pose a diagnostic challenge due to its resemblance to a neoplastic process on imaging studies. EUS‐FNA is an important tool to recognize AS by identifying its key cytologic features, thus may help to avoid unnecessary surgical management.
Autonomy‐restrictive socialization of anger: Associations with school‐aged children’s physiology, trait anxiety, state distress, and relationship closeness
Authors: Smiley Patricia A. , Partington Lindsey C. , Cochran Caroline R. , Borelli Jessica L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParental socialization that infringes on children's autonomy may have consequences for physiological regulation, trait anxiety, and state distress. One such practice is the use of positive conditional regard (CR)—the provision of extra attention/affection when children meet parents’ expectations. Self‐determination theory proposes that CR thwarts satisfaction of children's basic needs for relatedness and autonomy by placing these needs in conflict. We evaluate associations among children's (N = 106, 51% male, Mage = 10.27 years, SD = 1.09) reports of their mothers’ use of positive CR to suppress anger expression (PCR‐anger), their physiological regulation (resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA), and their trait anxiety and state distress, in light of perceived relationship closeness. After controlling demographics, mothers’ reports of positive and negative CR‐anger, children's reports of mothers’ negative CR‐anger and depressive symptoms, greater child‐reported positive CR‐anger was significantly associated with greater child anxiety and with lower resting RSA. Resting RSA mediated associations of child‐reported positive CR‐anger with greater child anxiety and post‐failure distress. These indirect effects were significant for children low or moderate in closeness to mother. We conclude that autonomy‐restrictive socialization is a concurrent correlate of children's physiological regulation, anxiety, and state distress, with these associations dependent on relational distance.
Insulin glargine 300 U/mL and insulin degludec: A review of the current evidence comparing these two second‐generation basal insulin analogues
Authors: Cheng Alice , Bailey Timothy S. , Mauricio Didac , Roussel Ronan 
Published: April 2020

SummaryFor most people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), treatment intensification with the addition of basal insulin therapy is required to maintain glycaemic control. However, this often does not happen in real‐life practice promoting the development of long‐term diabetes‐related complications. The second‐generation basal insulin analogues glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) and degludec (IDeg) provide pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic improvements that may allow them to be more effective in appropriately managing diabetes compared with first‐generation basal insulin analogues. Both Gla‐300 and IDeg have been extensively studied vs the first‐generation basal insulin glargine 100 U/mL, demonstrating comparable efficacy in terms of glycaemic control, and a lower risk of hypoglycaemia. The BRIGHT randomized controlled trial is the first direct comparison of the efficacy and safety profiles of Gla‐300 and IDeg in patients with T2D. Moreover, real‐world data have been used to assess the effectiveness of these basal insulins during routine clinical practice. Further research is required to determine if the properties of Gla‐300 and IDeg may lead to improvements in healthcare‐related costs and the quality of life of patients, which are important factors for informing clinical decisions.
Wound healing across the animal kingdom: Crosstalk between the immune system and the extracellular matrix
Authors: Arenas Gómez Claudia M. , Sabin Keith Z. , Echeverri Karen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTissue regeneration is widespread in the animal kingdom. To date, key roles for different molecular and cellular programs in regeneration have been described, but the ultimate blueprint for this talent remains elusive. In animals capable of tissue regeneration, one of the most crucial stages is wound healing, whose main goal is to close the wound and prevent infection. In this stage, it is necessary to avoid scar formation to facilitate the activation of the immune system and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, key factors in promoting tissue regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the role of the immune system and the interplay with the extracellular matrix to trigger a regenerative response.
Co‐occurrence of bobcats, coyotes, and ocelots in Texas
Authors: Lombardi Jason V. , MacKenzie Darryl I. , Tewes Michael E. , Perotto‐Baldivieso Humberto L. , Mata José M. , Campbell Tyler A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInterspecific competition among carnivores has been linked to differences in behavior, morphology, and resource use. Insights into these interactions can enhance understanding of local ecological processes that can have impacts on the recovery of endangered species, such as the ocelot (Leopardus pardalis). Ocelots, bobcats (Lynx rufus), and coyotes (Canis latrans) share a small geographic range overlap from South Texas to south‐central Mexico but relationships among the three are poorly understood. From May 2011 to March 2018, we conducted a camera trap study to examine co‐occurrence patterns among ocelots, bobcats, and coyotes on the East Foundation's El Sauz Ranch in South Texas. We used a novel multiseason extension to multispecies occupancy models with ≥2 interacting species to conduct an exploratory analysis to examine interspecific interactions and examine the potential effects of patch‐level and landscape‐level metrics relative to the occurrence of these carnivores. We found strong evidence of seasonal mutual coexistence among all three species and observed a species‐specific seasonal trend in detection. Seasonal coexistence patterns were also explained by increasing distance from a high‐speed roadway. However, these results have important ecological implications for planning ocelot recovery in the rangelands of South Texas. This study suggests a coexistence among ocelots, bobcats, and coyotes under the environmental conditions on the El Sauz Ranch. Further research would provide a better understanding of the ecological mechanisms that facilitate coexistence within this community. As road networks in the region expand over the next few decades, large private working ranches will be needed to provide important habitat for ocelots and other carnivore species.