bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACCOUNTING FOR GROWTH: SPAIN, 1850–2019
Authors: Prados de la Escosura Leandro , Rosés Joan R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe current productivity slowdown has stimulated research on the causes of growth. We investigate here the proximate determinants of long‐term growth in Spain. Over the last 170 years, output per hour worked raised nearly 24‐fold dominating gross domestic product (GDP) growth, while hours worked per person shrank by one‐fourth and population trebled. Half of labour productivity growth resulted from capital deepening, one‐third from total factor productivity (TFP) and labour quality contributed the rest. In phases of acceleration (the 1920s and 1954–1985), TFP was labour productivity's main driver complemented by capital deepening. Since Spain's accession to the European Union (1985), labour productivity has sharply decelerated as capital deepening slowed down and TFP stagnated. Up to the Global Financial Crisis (2008) GDP growth mainly resulted from an increase in hours worked per person and, to a less extent, from sluggish labour productivity coming mostly from weak capital deepening. Institutional constraints help explain the labour productivity slowdown.
Comparative analysis of vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery versus transumbilical laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery in ovarian cystectomy
Authors: Huang Lu , Lin Yong‐Hong , Yang Yue , Gong Zhao‐Lin , He Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo objectively assess the safety, feasibility, advantages and disadvantages and health economics benefits of vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) versus transumbilical laparoendoscopic single‐site surgery (TU‐LESS) in ovarian cystectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of all patients in our hospital who had undergone vNOTES and TU‐LESS ovarian cystectomy due to ‘unilateral ovarian cyst’ from March 2019 to May 2020. Patients were classified into vNOTES group (86) and TU‐LESS group (210) based on surgical paths. The patients' general characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared.ResultsAll 296 patients completed surgery with no need to switch to conventional laparoscopy or laparotomy procedures. There were no complications of Grade III, IV, V in Clavien‐Dindo classification. There were two patients in the vNOTES group and four patients in the TU‐LESS group with complications of Grade I, all of whom were treated with antipyretic drugs for postoperative fever. One patient in the TU‐LESS group presented the complication of Grade II and was treated with blood transfusion due to postoperative anemia. The two groups had similar general characteristics. Perioperative outcomes: The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores 24 h postoperation were significantly lower in the vNOTES group than in the TU‐LESS group. The cosmetic scores were significantly higher in the vNOTES group than in the TU‐LESS group. Postoperative stay and time of flatus after surgery were significantly shorter in the vNOTES group than in the TU‐LESS group. There was not significant statistical differences between the two groups in operation time, estimated blood loss, Hb decrease at 48 h postoperation, maximum body temperature in 48 h after surgery and hospital costs.ConclusionIt was proved to be safe and feasible in ovarian cystectomy by vNOTES. It worked better than TU‐LESS in relieving postoperative pain, shortening postoperative stay and improving cosmetic effects and so on. As an emerging surgical path, large sample multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to further verify its safety and advantages.
Analysis of nationwide reflection of rising cesarean section rate in neonatal outcomes of Hungary
Authors: Póka Robert , Török Olga 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThe authors investigated the effect of rising cesarean rates on maternal and perinatal mortality and in neonatal morbidity in Hungary.MethodsThe authors searched the validated Hungarian National Health database of neonatal discharge records for ICD‐10 codes: P0590 (growth restriction); P2010 (fetal hypoxia in labor); P2090 (intrauterine hypoxia); P2200 (respiratory distress syndrome); P2390 (congenital pneumonia); P2400 (meconium aspiration); P2850 (respiratory insufficiency); P3990 (neonatal infection); P9130 (cerebral irritability) and P9141 (cerebral depression) collected between 2006 and 2015. County‐specific number of deliveries, perinatal deaths, and data on the route of delivery from the national database were also collected. Controlling for regional disparities with Human Development Index was also performed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify determinants of early neonatal mortality.ResultsWhile cesarean section‐rate rose from 28.6% to 38.2% perinatal mortality stayed within the range between 7.8‰ and 6.1‰. Early (0–6 days) neonatal mortality (NMR) of the whole country in 2006 was 2.8‰ and showed a significant decrease over the years to reach 1.7‰ in 2015. The rate of most neonatal morbidities decreased significantly. Controlled regression analysis proved that cesarean rates negatively influenced neonatal mortality rates.ConclusionThe rise of the cesarean section rate in Hungary between 2006 and 2015 was associated with a detectable reduction of perinatal mortality and morbidity; however, the proportion of improvement in neonatal morbidity is far less than the increment in cesarean rate.
Using dynein heavy chain 5 and creatine kinase levels in cervical fluid and blood for early diagnosing of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Sahin Cagdas , Uygun Zihni Onur , Hortu Ismet , Akdemir Ali , Kocamanoglu Meltem , Ergenoglu Ahmet M. , Akcay Yasemin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimEctopic pregnancy is a life‐threatening problem in reproductive ages. Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy in the early period provides to reducing mortality and morbidity and gives an opportunity for medical treatment to preserve fallopian tubes. Evaluation of cervical fluid for determining ectopic pregnancy with new promising markers provided different aspects for diagnosing ectopic pregnancy in the present study.MethodsIn this prospective clinical study, ectopic pregnant patients as ectopic pregnancy group (n = 46), intrauterine pregnant patients as intrauterine pregnancy group (n = 29) and not‐pregnant patients as nonpregnancy group (n = 10) participated to study. Cervical fluid samples were collected with using merocel sponge. In addition, serum samples were obtained from patients. Dynein heavy chain 5 (DNAH5) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits in samples.ResultsReduced cervical fluid DNAH5 levels was diagnosed in ectopic pregnancy group compared to intrauterine pregnancy group (median 3.42 ng/mL; 25–75% percentile 0–9.56 ng/mL vs median 6.14 ng/mL; 1.40–8.31 ng/mL; P < 0.001). On the other hand, DNAH5 protein was not detected in nonpregnant patients' samples. In addition, statistical significant increased cervical fluid CK levels were diagnosed in ectopic pregnancy group compared to intrauterine pregnancy group (median 4477.61 IU/L; 0–64 925.37 IU/L vs 0 IU/L; 0–6832.30 IU/L; P = 0.006).ConclusionMeasuring of CK and DNAH5 in cervical fluid could be promising markers for early diagnosing of ectopic pregnancy. Decreased DNAH5 levels in cervical fluid might be result from abnormal cilia function in ectopic pregnant patients.ClinicalTrials.gov ID. NCT02995356.
Accuracy of point‐of‐care crossmatching methods and crossmatch incompatibility in critically ill dogs
Authors: Marshall Hayden , Blois Shauna L. , Abrams‐Ogg Anthony C. G. , Bersenas Alexa M. , Ruotsalo Kristiina , Monteith Gabrielle 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe performance of commercial point‐of‐care crossmatch (CM) tests compared to laboratory tube agglutination CM is unknown. Additionally, there is limited information regarding CM incompatibility in ill dogs.ObjectivesTo determine if point‐of‐care major CM methods are accurate in detecting compatible and incompatible tests when compared to laboratory CM methods, and to identify factors associated with CM incompatibility in dogs.AnimalsPart 1 (prospective) included 63 client‐owned dogs potentially requiring blood transfusion. Part 2 (retrospective) included all dogs from part 1, plus medical records of 141 dogs with major CM results.MethodsFor part 1, major CM was performed using a tube agglutination assay (LAB‐CM), a gel‐based point‐of‐care test (GEL‐CM), and an immunochromatographic point‐of‐care test (IC‐CM). For part 2, medical record data were collected to determine rates of and risk factors for CM incompatibility.ResultsKappa agreement between the LAB‐CM and GEL‐CM methods could not be calculated due to a relative lack of incompatible results. Kappa agreement between the LAB‐CM and IC‐CM methods was 0.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0‐0.31,P= .007) indicating no agreement. The LAB‐CM incompatibility in transfusion‐naïve vs dogs that had a transfusion was 25% and 35%, (P= .3).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCompared to laboratory methods, point‐of‐care methods evaluated in our study lacked sensitivity for detecting incompatibilities. Dogs had similar rates of major CM incompatibility regardless of transfusion history. This suggests CM testing prior to transfusion be considered in all dogs however our study did not investigate clinical relevancy of incompatible LAB‐CM.
First histopathological bridging of the distance between Onufʼs nucleus and substantia nigra after olfactory bulbectomy—new ideas about the urinary dysfunction in cerebral neurodegenerative disease: an experimental study
Authors: Kanat Ayhan , Aydin Mehmet Dumlu , Akca Nezih , Ozmen Sevilay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesOlfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in experimental studies induces neurochemical, neurodegenerative changes in various parts of the body. But no information is available about how OBX affects the spinal cord in rats. Our study aims to investigate this question.MethodsTwenty‐eight male rats were used. The rats were divided into three groups: six as the control, six as the SHAM, and 16 as the study group in which OBX was performed. The animals were followed for 10 weeks. After decapitation of the animals, olfactory bulb (OB) volumes, the olfactory glomerulus (OG), and the neuron density of the ON (Onuf nucleus) per cubic centimeter at the L4‐S4 level were examined histopathologically and analyzed stereologically.ResultsThe mean OB volume, remaining normal OG density, and degenerated neuron density (DND) of the ON was measured as 4.32 ± 0.21/mm3, 1842 ± 114/mm3, and 4 ± 1 /mm3 in the control (group I); 3.3 ± 0.14/mm3, 1321 ± 114/mm3, and 43 ± 8/mm3 in the SHAM (group II); and 1.672 ± 0.12/mm3, 852 ± 93/mm3, and 154 ± 11/mm3 in the study group (group III). There was a statistically significant difference between the SHAM and the study group (P < .05).ConclusionsIn this study, histopathological bridging between ON‐related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and OBX was shown the first time. According to the findings, LUTS may be reversed by the protection of the affected spinal cord through the correction of olfaction impairment in neurodegenerative disease.
Adorno on Schenker: Reconstructing the Formation of a Critique
Authors: WEDLER SEBASTIAN 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTSince the publication in 1982 of Theodor Adorno's late lecture ‘On the Problem of Musical Analysis’, it has been well established that Adorno had an ambivalent attitude towards Heinrich Schenker's analytical method, to the extent that the two men are usually thought of as antagonists while sharing the same concern for a work‐immanent understanding of the content of music. Yet beyond this lecture, surprisingly little is known about Adorno's actual engagement with Schenker's writings. The aim of this article is twofold. First, drawing on hitherto unexamined sources held at the Theodor W. Adorno Archiv in Frankfurt am Main, this essay reconstructs and examines Adorno's engagement with Schenker's ideas and the work of two of the theorist's most influential advocates, Felix Salzer and Oswald Jonas. Based on this, secondly, the article places Adorno's ambivalent attitude towards Schenker's method within the broader scholarly and political debates of his time. In particular, it will be argued that Adorno's reception of Schenker can be understood in relation to three discursive concerns: (1) advocating the importance of Schoenberg's music‐theoretical thought, (2) questioning the methodological reorientation of postwar Austro‐German musicology and (3) reinforcing his opposition to positivism in the domain of musical analysis. In this way, this article aims to contribute to ongoing efforts to reconstruct and understand more fully the history of Schenker reception.
The interaction of insoluble Amyloid‐β with soluble Amyloid‐β dimers decreases Amyloid‐β plaque numbers
Authors: van Gerresheim Else F. , Herring Arne , Gremer Lothar , Müller‐Schiffmann Andreas , Keyvani Kathy , Korth Carsten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe heterogeneity of Amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaque load in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) has puzzled neuropathology. Since brain Aβ plaque load does not correlate with cognitive decline, neurotoxic soluble Aβ oligomers have been championed as disease‐causing agents in early AD. So far, investigating molecular interactions between soluble oligomeric Aβ and insoluble Aβ in vivo has been difficult because of the abundance of Aβ oligomer species and the kinetic equilibrium in which they coexist. Here, we investigated whether Aβ plaque heterogeneity relates to interactions of different Aβ conformers.Materials and MethodsWe took advantage of transgenic mice that generate exclusively Aβ dimers (tgDimer mice) but do not develop Aβ plaques or neuroinflammation during their lifetime, crossed them to the transgenic CRND8 mice that develop plaques after 90 days and measured Aβ plaque load using immunohistochemical and biochemical assays. Furthermore, we performed in vitro thioflavin T (ThT) aggregation assays titrating synthetic Aβ42‐S8C dimers into fibril‐forming synthetic Aβ42.ResultsWe observed a lower number of Aβ plaques in the brain of double transgenic mice compared to tgCRND8 mice alone while the average plaque size remained unaltered. Corroborating these in vivo findings, synthetic Aβ‐S8C dimers inhibited fibril formation of wild‐type Aβ also in vitro, seen by an increased half‐time in the ThT assay.ConclusionsOur study indicates that Aβ dimers directly interfere with Aβ fibril formation in vivo and in vitro. The variable interaction of Aβ dimers with insoluble Aβ seeds could thus contribute to the heterogeneity of Aβ plaque load in AD patients.
Aztecs Are Not Indigenous: Anthropology and the Politics of Indigeneity
Authors: Whittaker Catherine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo write about Indigeneity means already being deeply enmeshed in identity politics. The much researched rural south of Mexico City is a case in point. Anthropologists have described the Nahuatl speakers of Milpa Alta as “heirs of the Aztecs,” and knowledge of Nahuatl and folklore has become key to maintaining municipal land rights in the context of current multiculturalist politics. Thus, Nahuatl has become a politicized marker of prestige. This has led to various tensions, including acrimonious competition over what constitutes the “correct” way of speaking Nahuatl and frictions with newly arrived speakers of other Indigenous languages. To avoid exacerbating these tensions, I suggest that anthropologists should commit to decolonizing their work by politically and epistemologically situating it and by adopting participatory approaches, as well as an iterative, adaptive approach to research ethics. This means continuously reevaluating and tailoring one's ethics to concrete situations as they emerge—and never truly leaving “the field.” [Identity politics, decolonization, Nahuatl language]
Auxin efflux controls orderly nucellar degeneration and expansion of the female gametophyte in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Junzhe , Guo Xiaolong , Xiao Qiang , Zhu Jianchu , Cheung Alice Y. , Yuan Li , Vierling Elizabeth , Xu Shengbao 
Published: December 2020

Summary

The nucellus tissue in flowering plants provides nutrition for the development of the female gametophyte (FG) and young embryo. The nucellus degenerates as the FG develops, but the mechanism controlling the coupled process of nucellar degeneration and FG expansion remains largely unknown.

The degeneration process of the nucellus and spatiotemporal auxin distribution in the developing ovule before fertilization were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Nucellar degeneration before fertilization occurs through vacuolar cell death and in an ordered degeneration fashion. This sequential nucellar degeneration is controlled by the signalling molecule auxin.

Auxin efflux plays the core role in precisely controlling the spatiotemporal pattern of auxin distribution in the nucellus surrounding the FG. The auxin efflux carrier PIN1 transports maternal auxin into the nucellus while PIN3/PIN4/PIN7 further delivers auxin to degenerating nucellar cells and concurrently controls FG central vacuole expansion. Notably, auxin concentration and auxin efflux are controlled by the maternal tissues, acting as a key communication from maternal to filial tissue.
Voice through the lens: Personal experience of those on methadone
Authors: Neace Kimberly S. , Amiri Azita , Langan‐Heins Jeannie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the rise of opioid deaths and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) being the "gold standard," evidence lacks the quality of life for those on Methadone.ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop educational materials for communities and clinics about MMT and abstinence, utilizing the PhotoVoice technique to represent the voice of those on Methadone treatment (MMT) and abstinence for recovery from opioid use disorder (OUD). Participants shared firsthand experiences of life on Methadone and abstinence, resulting in a short video clip and a poster.DesignParticipants were recruited following meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. An introduction letter was handed out, and questions were answered. After COVID‐19 Pandemic, further communications were delivered through Email. Five participants on Methadone and four who were abstinent were recruited. Participants were 18 years and over, male and female, were on MMT or abstinent for 6 months or more.ResultsCommon themes among participants were extracted and discussed with the participants and a short video clip and a poster were developed.ConclusionFurther study in MMT from the patient's perspective need to be explored. The PhotoVoice project revealed personal barriers, while on Methadone, that impede a full and rich life spiritually, mentally, and physically.
Characterization of Erwinia sp. causing black rot of papaya (Carica papaya) first recorded in Okinawa Main Island, Japan
Authors: Hanagasaki Takashi , Yamashiro Maki , Gima Kozo , Takushi Tetsuya , Kawano Shinji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince 2002, papaya black rot has been spreading over several islands of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. To devise a prevention strategy for the disease, microbiological research on the pathogen was conducted. Twelve strains were isolated from papaya infected with black rot showing symptoms such as water‐soaked lesions on stems and petioles, black spots on fruits, and rotted leaves turning yellow with necrotic spots. Through Koch's postulates, we confirmed that the isolated strains caused papaya black rot. Bacteriological assays showed that the strains have characteristics different from the type strains of Erwinia mallotivora, E. papayae, and E. psidii. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequence similarity searches showed that the isolated strains had less than 98.6% similarity with type strains. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences suggested that the isolated strains were possibly a novel species belonging to the genus Erwinia, as the strains formed an independent cluster and had low sequence similarity with the type strains. Earlier studies indicated that papaya black rot is caused by E. cypripedii. Therefore, we propose to add the Erwinia sp. isolated in this study to the list of papaya black rot pathogens.
An Integrated Risk and Resilience Assessment of Sea Ice Disasters on Port Operation
Authors: Liu Xueqin , Chen Zhenhua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRisk and resilience assessment of disasters plays a critical role in decision making for emergency response and postdisaster recovery. Yet, there is still a lack of modeling framework that could capture the effectiveness of economic resilience under uncertain disaster conditions. The objective of this study is to develop a novel integrated framework that is able to help decisionmakers understand the effectiveness of resilience performance under various risk conditions. Using hazard data of the Bohai Sea and throughput data of the Port of Yingkou (China) as an example, the copula‐modeling method was adopted for the risk assessment of sea ice disasters on seaport operations. This study shows that the Gumbel Copula method, with consideration of ice thickness level and area of ice cover, provides the most robust risk assessment outcome. In addition, a grid chart system with an overlap of a joint return period and port throughput change provides a straightforward understanding of resilience performance under different risk levels. In particular, economic resilience tactics, such as production recapture and effective management, were confirmed to be effective resilience strategies, especially when a risk level is high, as port operational losses can be avoided up to 86.8%. Overall, the study provides insights that could help stakeholders improve the effectiveness of disaster risk management through an improved understanding of the linkage between risk and resilience.
Dental trauma experience of visually impaired and sighted children residing in residential schools – a comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rathore Kanupriya , Rao Dinesh , Masih Updesh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo assess and compare the prevalence of dental trauma in a population of 9‐ to 16‐year‐old children with partially impaired vision and sighted children of Jodhpur city, Rajasthan State in India.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 121 children with partial impairment of vision were compared with a control group of 356 sighted children for traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition. Children in both the group were aged between 9 and 16 years and residing in a residential school. The survey was carried out using Ellis and Davy's classification of tooth fracture. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, and the Chi‐square test was used to compare different variables with P < .05.ResultsThe overall prevalence rates of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in the visually impaired and sighted groups were 24.79% and 9.39%, respectively (P = .000). Enamel fracture was the most common type of injury, and the maxillary central incisor was most frequently involved in both the groups. Children with overjet >3 mm sustained TDI more frequently in visually impaired children. TDI was higher in children with overjet ≤3 mm in sighted groups (P = .000). In both the groups children with inadequate lip coverage had higher occurrence of TDI (P = .000).ConclusionDental trauma appeared to be more frequent in visually impaired compared to sighted children. The unmet treatment need for children with TDI was very high.