bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halo artifacts of indwelling urinary catheter by inaccurate scatter correction in 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging: incidence, mechanism, and solutions
Authors: Magota Keiichi , Numata Naoto , Shinyama Daiki , Katahata Junya , Munakata Yamato , Maniawski Piotr J. , Kobayashi Kentaro , Manabe Osamu , Hirata Kenji , Tateishi Ukihide , Kudo Kohsuke , Shiga Tohru 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Halo artifacts from urinary catheters can occur due to inaccurate scatter correction, and the artifacts affect the tumor visibility in 18F-FDG PET/CT images. We investigated the incidence rate and the mechanisms of halo-artifact generation and explored several scatter correction techniques to prevent artifacts.

Methods
We conducted patient and phantom studies. (1) We retrospectively reviewed the cases of patients who had undergone 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. To determine the frequency of halo-artifact generation, we used the patients’ PET images with a standard scatter correction based on a tail-fitted single-scatter simulation (TF-SSS) using 4-mm voxel μ-maps (TFS 4-mm). (2) We performed phantom studies to evaluate the effects of a urine catheter and two scatter correction techniques, i.e., TF-SSS with 2-mm voxel μ-maps (TFS 2-mm) and a Monte Carlo-based single-scatter simulation (MC-SSS) using 4-mm voxel μ-maps (MCS 4-mm). The average standardized uptake values (SUVs) were measured for axial PET images. (3) Using the patients’ data, we investigated whether TFS 2-mm and MCS 4-mm can eliminate the artifacts in the clinical images.

Results
(1) There were 61 patients with urinary catheters; in five (8.2%), halo artifacts were observed in the TFS 4-mm PET images. (2) The phantom study clearly reproduced the halo artifacts in the TFS 4-mm PET images. The halo artifacts were generated when urine moved in the interval between the CT and PET imaging, and when the urinary catheter was placed in a circular shape. The SUVs for the TFS 4-mm and TFS-2mm PET images were underestimated at the halo-artifact regions, whereas the SUVs for the MCS 4-mm PET images were close to the true values. (3) The halo artifacts disappeared in the TFS 2-mm PET images in 4/5 patients but not 1/5 patient, whereas the halo artifacts were completely absent in the MCS 4-mm PET images in 5/5 patients.

Conclusions
These data suggest that halo artifacts are caused if the PET images do not correspond to the physical material in the μ-maps, which induces the scatter correction error. With the MC-SSS, it was possible to accurately estimate the scatter without generating halo artifacts.
Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pancreas: a case report
Authors: Taguchi Yuka , Hara Takanobu , Tamura Hiroaki , Ogiku Masahito , Watahiki Mana , Takagi Toru , Harada Takashi , Miyazaki Shinichiro , Hayashi Tadataka , Kanai Toshikazu , Mori Hiroki , Ozawa Takachika , Nishiwaki Yoshiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSolitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare tumors, mostly derived from connective tissue mesenchymal cells that arise from the pleura. There are very few reports of primary pancreatic SFT. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult owing to the lack of distinctive radiological findings. We report a case of pancreatic SFT with particularly rare malignant findings.Case presentationA 60-year-old man was referred to the hospital because of a right upper quadrant mass and abnormal liver function test results. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a well-defined enhanced tumor measuring approximately 8 cm in the pancreatic head. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed T1WI hypointensity, T2WI hyperintensity, and DWI hyperintensity. The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct were dilated owing to obstruction by the tumor. The following tumor markers were mildly elevated: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), SPan-1, and DUPAN-2. The histological diagnosis obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) was negative for pancreatic ductal carcinoma, malignant lymphoma and neuroendocrine tumor, suggesting the possibility of mesenchymal tumor, but the diagnosis was not confirmed. The patient was judged suitable for surgery and underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. On histopathological examination of the resected specimen, infiltrating spindle-shaped cells had proliferated, containing numerous mitotic figures, with necrotic findings inside the tumor. Immunostaining was positive for cluster of differentiation-34 (CD34), B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT6). On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of malignant pancreatic SFT was made. The patient remains free of recurrent disease after 12 months of follow-up without adjuvant therapy and he is being carefully followed up as an outpatient.ConclusionsWe experienced a case of malignant pancreatic head SFT. Immunohistochemical staining of the extracted specimens was useful for diagnosis.
Evaluation of Andira inermis stem bark extract for hypoglycaemic and antioxidant effects’
Authors: Egua Maxwell Osaronowen , Nwinyi Florence Chimezie , Okwoche Ode Julius , Monday Onakpa Micheal , Ganiyat Akande Motunrayo , Okwudili Onoja Samuel , Garba Mikail Hudu , Dezi Akumka David , Mohammed Adamu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The aqueous methanolic extract of Andira inermis(A. inermis) stem bark was screened for phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, acute oral toxicity, and preliminary prophylactic normoglycaemic test and effect on Oral Glucose Tolerance in albino rats.

Methods
Andira inermis was double macerated and extracted with 80% methanol. Phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity were performed using standard methods. The extract was screened for in vitro antioxidant activity using Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging spectrophotometric assays. Prophylactic control of glucose was evaluated in normoglycaemic and glucose-challenged albino rats. Graded test doses (100–400 mg/kg body weight) of the extract were used in the investigation. The effects observed were compared with that of glibenclamide (0.2 mg/kg) and distilled water control groups.

Results
The stem bark extract of A. inermis was found to contain saponins, terpenes, tannins, steroids, flavanoids, anthraquinones, carbohydrates and alkaloids. The extract was found to have a significant in vitro antioxidant activity in both methods. The oral acute toxicity study showed the extract had LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. The extract significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced blood glucose levels in normoglycaemic animal model (the control group seen to have − 5.6(− 8.7%) poor glucose handling; and the glibenclamide& extract treatment group (100 mg/kg) to positively reduce blood glucose 14.8(26.8%) & 16.4(25.9%) respectively). The glucose challenged test, from the 1st hour, showed − 57.4(− 89.4%),-26.8(− 33.8%),-23.8(− 26.3%),-12.8(− 13.9%) and − 9.8(− 10.4%) for the vehicle control, glibenclamide (positive control), and the 100, 200 & 400 mg/kg extract treatment groups respectively. The extract showed mild hypoglycemic effect in the results recorded, up to the 4th hour.

Conclusion
The results of this study elucidated that the aqueous methanolic extract of Andira inermis stem bark possessed potent antioxidant phyto-constituents with potential hypoglycaemic effects that could be explored for therapeutic use worldwide following isolation and characterization of the bioactive principles. And the results also authenticate the folklore use of the plant.
S&P BSE Sensex and S&P BSE IT return forecasting using ARIMA
Authors: Challa Madhavi Latha , Malepati Venkataramanaiah , Kolusu Siva Nageswara Rao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study forecasts the return and volatility dynamics of S&P BSE Sensex and S&P BSE IT indices of the Bombay Stock Exchange. To achieve the objectives, the study uses descriptive statistics; tests including variance ratio, Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron, and Kwiatkowski Phillips Schmidt and Shin; and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The analysis forecasts daily stock returns for the S&P BSE Sensex and S&P BSE IT time series, using the ARIMA model. The results reveal that the mean returns of both indices are positive but near zero. This is indicative of a regressive tendency in the long-term. The forecasted values of S&P BSE Sensex and S&P BSE IT are almost equal to their actual values, with few deviations. Hence, the ARIMA model is capable of predicting medium- or long-term horizons using historical values of S&P BSE Sensex and S&P BSE IT.
Bartonella hanselae retinitis patient evaluated with multimodal retinal exams
Authors: Rosa Paulo Alberto Cervi , Nakayama Luis Filipe , Bergamo Vinicius Campos , Kuroiwa Dante Akira Kondo , de Moraes Nilva Simeren Bueno 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Cat scratch disease is a systemic infectious illness caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. The most common ophthalmological involvement due to infection by Bartonella is Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome, whereas the most common posterior segment findings are neuroretinitis and subsequent late macular star. Moreover, other findings, such as retinal or subretinal lesions, intermediate uveitis and angiomatous lesions, may be present.

Case presentation
A 37-year-old female patient with retinal findings and serological confirmation of Bartonella infection was evaluated via multimodal retinal exams. The patient received treatment with doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 2 weeks. One month after treatment, complete improvement of her visual scotoma symptoms was confirmed. A swept-source optical coherence tomography exam also showed decreases in the size and intraretinal extension of the lesion. Improvement of light perception at the affected area was confirmed by microperimetry.

Conclusions
Bartonella henselae infection, particularly retinitis, can present a variable spectrum of clinical and ophthalmological findings. Multimodal retinal exams can clearly identify lesion characteristics, thus providing important information for diagnosis and the evaluation of lesion improvement after antibiotic treatment.
A practical guide to optical coherence tomography angiography interpretation
Authors: Greig Eugenia Custo , Duker Jay S. , Waheed Nadia K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can image the retinal vasculature in vivo, without the need for contrast dye. This technology has been commercially available since 2014, however, much of its use has been limited to the research setting. Over time, more clinical practices have adopted OCTA imaging. While countless publications detail OCTA’s use for the study of retinal microvasculature, few studies outline OCTA’s clinical utility.

Body
This review provides an overview of OCTA imaging and details tips for successful interpretation. The review begins with a summary of OCTA technology and artifacts that arise from image acquisition. New methods and best practices to prevent image artifacts are discussed. OCTA has the unique ability among retinovascular imaging modalities to individually visualize each retinal plexus. Slabs offered in standard OCTA devices are reviewed, and clinical uses for each slab are outlined. Lastly, the use of OCTA for the clinical interpretation of retinal pathology, such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, is discussed.

Conclusion
OCTA is evolving from a scientific tool to a clinical imaging device. This review provides a toolkit for successful image interpretation in a clinical setting.
Nutritional values and acceptability of syrups produced after blending carrots, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim Mahmoud Ahmed , Khashaba Hamed Mohamed Hassanin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The artificial syrups on the market are known with many harmful health effects for using unnatural colors and flavors. This study evaluated the effect of different compositions of syrups and storage on the quality and nutritional value of syrups produced from three types of high nutritional vegetables such as carrot, sweet potato, and tomato, at weighting ratios T1 (6:2:2), T2 (5:3:2), T3 (4:4:2), T4 (3:5:2), and T5 (2:6:2). Pasteurization was performed at 85 °C/25 s for concentrated syrup at 65°Brix. Physicochemical analyses were applied to the recovered drink at 14°Brix every 2 months for 6 months.

Results
Ascorbic acid, carotenoids, lycopene, color values, total phenols, and antioxidant activity gradually decreased in all treatments during storage, while acidity and browning increased. Increasing sweet potatoes about 4% or decreasing under 3% harmed the overall acceptability of the syrups.

Conclusion
Finally, the findings revealed that T2 and T3 were the most suitable samples on storage. Therefore, our data recommended producing syrups from carrot, sweet potato, and tomato with the same composition of T2 and T3, which give a more attractive taste and flavor similar to apricot juice.
Growth and chemical profile of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) in response to algae and banana peel extracts
Authors: El-Gohary Ahmed E. , Amer Heba M. , Salama Adel B. , Wahba Hend E. , Khalid Khalid A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) has anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties; its seeds were imported from Germany for cultivation and acclimatization under the Egyptian environmental conditions as a new source of natural products. Solutions of alga and banana peel waste considered as a source of plant nutrition; it contains some bio-regulators and minerals. This research paper aimed to evaluate growth (fresh and dry weights) and chemical composition (free radical-scavenging activity, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols and phenolic compounds) under foliar spray of algae solution (ALS) and the extract of banana peel waste (BPW).

Results
The highest values of fresh and dry weights were detected with the treatment of 1.5 g/l (BPW) × 1.5 g/l (ALS). The maximum inhibition of free radical -cavenging activity was recorded at 1 g/l (ALS) × 0.5 g/l (BPW). 2 g/l (ALS) without BPW treatment resulted in the greatest amounts of total carbohydrates. The greatest accumulation of total flavonoids was obtained from the plants treated with 0.5 g/l (BPW) × 1 g/l (ALS). Plants exposed to 1.5 g/l (BPW) with 2 g/l (ALS) gave the greatest accumulation of total phenols. Phenolic compounds that were detected by HPLC analysis were changed due to ALS, BPW, and their interactions.

Conclusion
Different variations were observed in growth characters and various chemical constituents of Clary sage under the application of ALS and/or BPW. This research will help farmers to produce medicinal and aromatic plants by using cheap and environmentally friendly methods.
Characterizing the cirri and gut microbiomes of the intertidal barnacle Semibalanus balanoides
Authors: Brown Bianca R. P. , Nunez Joaquin C. B. , Rand David M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Natural populations inhabiting the rocky intertidal experience multiple ecological stressors and provide an opportunity to investigate how environmental differences influence microbiomes over small geographical scales. However, very few microbiome studies focus on animals that inhabit the intertidal. In this study, we investigate the microbiome of the intertidal barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. We first describe the microbiome of two body tissues: the feeding appendages, or cirri, and the gut. Next, we examine whether there are differences between the microbiome of each body tissue of barnacles collected from the thermally extreme microhabitats of the rocky shores’ upper and lower tidal zones.

Results
Overall, the microbiome of S. balanoides consisted of 18 phyla from 408 genera. Our results showed that although cirri and gut microbiomes shared a portion of their amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), the microbiome of each body tissue was distinct. Over 80% of the ASVs found in the cirri were also found in the gut, and 44% of the ASVs found in the gut were also found in the cirri. Notably, the gut microbiome was not a subset of the cirri microbiome. Additionally, we identified that the cirri microbiome was responsive to microhabitat differences.

Conclusion
Results from this study indicate that S. balanoides maintains distinct microbiomes in its cirri and gut tissues, and that the gut microbiome is more stable than the cirri microbiome between the extremes of the intertidal.
Root causes of deaths by suicide among patients under the care of a mental health trust: thematic analysis
Authors: Odejimi Opeyemi , Webb Kerry , Bagchi Dhruba , Tadros George 
Published: November 2020

Aims and methodThis study explored the root causes of deaths by suicide among patients under the care of a mental health trust. Thematic analysis was carried out to identify themes from the serious incident reports for patients between 1 January 2017 and 31 July 2018.ResultsIn total, 48 cases were reviewed. Three main themes emerged from this study: patient-, professional- and organisation-related factors. The majority of the deaths were caused by patient-related factors, particularly exacerbation of the patient's mental health condition.Clinical implicationsThis study provides insight into perceived causes of death by suicide among mental health patients. It is hoped that this will, in turn, influence the manner in which decisions, policies and resource allocation are carried out to further prevent and reduce the incidence of suicide, particularly among mental health patients.
Clinical Trial Metrics: The Complexity of Conducting Clinical Trials in North American Cancer Centers
Authors: Lee Carrie , Werner Theresa L. , Deal Allison M. , Krise-Confair Cassandra J. , Bentz Tricia Adrales , Cummings Theresa M. , Grant Stefan C. , Lee Ashley Baker , Moehle Jessica , Moffett Kristie , Peck Helen , Williamson Stephen , Zafirovski Aleksandar , Shaw Kate , Hofacker Janie K. 
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE: Cancer clinical trials offices (CTOs) support the investigation of cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment at cancer centers across North America. CTOs are a centralized resource for clinical trial conduct and typically use research staff with expertise in four functional areas of clinical research: finance, regulatory, clinical, and data operations. To our knowledge, there are no publicly available benchmark data sets that characterize the size, cost, volume, and efficiency of these offices, nor whether the metrics differ by National Cancer Institute (NCI) designation. The Association of American Cancer Institutes (AACI) Clinical Research Innovation (CRI) steering committee developed a survey to address this knowledge gap. METHODS: An 11-question survey that addressed CTO budget, accrual and trial volume, full-time equivalents (FTEs), staff turnover, and activation timelines was developed by the AACI CRI steering committee and sent to 92 academic cancer research centers in North America (n = 90 in the United States; n = 2 in Canada), with 79 respondents completing the survey (86% completion rate). RESULTS: The number of FTE employees working in the CTOs ranged from 4.5 to 811 (median, 104). The median number of analytic cases (ie, newly diagnosed or received first course of treatment) reported by the main center was 3,856. Annual CTO budgets ranged from $250,000 to $23,900,000 (median, $8.2 million). The median trial activation time, based on 61 centers, was 167 days. The median number of accruals per center was 480 (range, 5-6,271) and median number of trials per center was 282 (range, 31-1,833). Budget and FTE ranges varied by NCI designation. CONCLUSION: The response rate to the survey was high. These data will allow cancer centers to evaluate their CTO infrastructure, funding, portfolio, and/or accrual goals as compared with peers. A wide range in each of the outcomes was noted, in keeping with the wide variation in size and scope of cancer center CTOs across the United States and Canada. These variations may warrant additional investigation.
Limits to sustained energy intake XXXII: Hot again: dorsal shaving increases energy intake and milk output in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Ohrnberger S. A. , Hambly C. , Speakman J. R. , Valencak T. G. 
Published: November 2020

Golden hamsters have four times the body size of mice, raise very large litters and are required to produce big quantities of milk during the 18 days lactation period. We have previously proposed that they may be prone to being limited by their heat dissipation capacity. Studies where lactating females are shaved to elevate their heat dissipation capacity have yielded conflicting data so far. With their short pregnancy of ca. 18 days, the large litters and the reported higher skin temperatures they may serve an ideal model as to elucidate the role of epilation for energy budgets in lactating mammals. We shaved one group of lactating females dorsally on the 6th day of lactation, and tested, if the elevated heat dissipation capacity would enable them to have higher energy intakes and better food to milk conversion rates. Indeed, we observed that females from the shaved group had 6% higher body masses and 0.78° C lower skin temperatures than control females during lactation. When focusing on the phase of peak lactation, we observed significantly higher (10%) gross energy intakes of food and 23.4% more milk energy output in the shaved females resulting in 3.3g higher individual pup weights.
We conclude that shaving off the females’ fur, even though restricted to the dorsal surface, had large consequences on female energy metabolism in lactation and improved milk production and pup growth in line with our previous work on heat dissipation limitation. Our new data from golden hamsters confirm heat dissipation as a limiting factor for sustained metabolic rate in lactation in some small mammals and emphasize the large effects of a relatively small manipulation such as fur removal on energy metabolism of lactating females.