bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward sustainable climate change adaptation
Authors: Yang Yi , Liu Beibei , Wang Peng , Chen Wei‐Qiang , Smith Timothy M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIndustrial ecology (IE) has made great contributions to climate change mitigation research, in terms of its systems thinking and solid methodologies such as life cycle assessment, material flow analysis, and environmentally extended input–output analysis. However, its potential contribution to climate change adaptation is unclear. Adaptation has become increasingly urgent in a continuously changing climate, especially in developing countries, which are projected to bear the brunt of climate‐change‐related damages. On the basis of a brief review of climate change impacts and adaptation literature, we suggest that IE can play an important role in the following two aspects. First, with the emphasis on a systems perspective, IE can help us determine how climate change interacts with our socio‐economic system and how the interactions may aggravate (or moderate) its direct impacts or whether they may shift burden to other environmental impacts. Second, IE methodologies can help us quantify the direct and indirect environmental impacts of adaptation activities, identify mitigation opportunities, and achieve sustainable adaptation. Further, we find that substantial investment is needed to increase the resilience of infrastructure (e.g., transport, energy, and water supply) and agriculture in developing countries. Because these sectors are also the main drivers of environmental degradation, how to achieve sustainable climate‐resilient infrastructure and agriculture in developing countries deserves special attention in future IE studies. Overall, IE thinking and methodologies have great potential to contribute to climate change adaptation research and policy questions, and exploring this growing field will, in turn, inspire IE development.
How Unsecured Credit Policies Influence Mortgage and Unsecured Loan Defaults
Authors: KIM JISEOB 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBefore the global financial crisis, the proportion of households defaulting on the mortgage while remaining current on the unsecured loan was almost the same as the proportion of households current on the mortgage but defaulting on the unsecured loan. After the crisis, the former ratio became higher than the latter. By using a heterogeneous agent model with the mortgage and the unsecured loan, I examine how the order of defaults changed before and after the crisis. I then analyze the impacts of unsecured credit policies on households' mortgage and unsecured loan defaults. My quantitative exercise shows that both default rates can decrease as the cost for unsecured loan defaults increases.
Noncultured epidermal suspensions obtained from partial‐thickness epidermal cuts and suction blister roofs for vitiligo treatment: A prospective comparative study
Authors: Anbar Tag S. , El‐ Ammawi Tarek S. , Mohammed Sahar S. , Abdel‐Rahman Amal T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment options for vitiligo are either nonsurgical, including medical treatments and phototherapy, or surgical, including autologous transplantation methods. Noncultured epidermal suspension transplantation is indicated for the treatment of stable vitiligo not responding to either medical treatment or phototherapy. Variable results have been reported for the various techniques used for the preparation of this suspension.AimTo compare the outcome between suction blister roof grafts and partial‐thickness epidermal cuts for the preparation of noncultured epidermal suspensions for the treatment of stable vitiligo.Patients and MethodsForty patients with localized stable vitiligo lesions resistant to conventional therapy were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups for treatment with noncultured epidermal suspension grafting. The suspensions in groups I and II were obtained from suction blister roofs and partial‐thickness epidermal cuts, respectively. Repigmentation grade, color match with the surrounding skin, and any side effects were compared between the groups.ResultsIn group I, complete repigmentation was achieved in 6 cases while repigmentation was considered excellent in 8 cases; very good, 4 cases; and no response, 2 cases. In group II, complete repigmentation was achieved in 4 cases, and repigmentation was considered excellent in 16 cases. The color of the repigmented area matched the normal surrounding skin in 70% of the cases in group I and 40% of the cases in group II.ConclusionBoth techniques yielded comparable repigmentation results with advantages and disadvantages of both techniques.
Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis and healthy control dogs
Authors: Xenoulis Panagiotis G. , Cammarata Paul J. , Walzem Rosemary L. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported an association between hyperlipidemia and pancreatitis in dogs, but details of this association remain poorly defined.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles between dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis and healthy dogs.AnimalsSeventeen dogs with a clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis (Group 1) and 53 healthy control dogs (Group 2).MethodsProspective case‐control study.ResultsIn Group 1, 3/17 dogs (18%) had hypertriglyceridemia whereas in Group 2, 4/53 dogs (7.5%) had hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52‐13.14;P= .35). A significant difference was found in serum triglyceride concentrations between Group 1 (median, 67 mg/dL) and Group 2 (median, 54 mg/dL;P= .002). In Group 1, 4/17 dogs (24%) had hypercholesterolemia, whereas 1/53 (1.9%) dogs in Group 2 had hypercholesterolemia (OR, 16; 95% CI, 1.64‐155.5;P= .01). No significant difference was found in serum cholesterol concentrations between Group 1 (median, 209 mg/dL) and Group 2 (median, 227 mg/dL;P= .56). Lipoprotein profiles were significantly different between Group 1 and Group 2 dogs (Eigenvalues, 0.6719;R2= 1.0;P= .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMost dogs with pancreatitis (>70%) had serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations within reference intervals. In the small percentage of dogs that had hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, or both, increases were mild. Important differences were identified in lipoprotein profiles between dogs with pancreatitis and healthy control dogs. Dogs with pancreatitis had higher low‐density lipoprotein fractions and lower triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein and high‐density lipoprotein fractions than healthy dogs.
Flow resistive forces index (QRF): Development and clinical applicability assessment of a novel measure of bladder outlet resistance, aiming to enhance the diagnostic performance of uroflowmetry
Authors: Spyropoulos Evangelos , Galanakis Ioannis , Deligiannis Dimitrios , Spyropoulou Aikaterini , Kotsiris Dimitrios , Panagopoulos Aggelos , Mavrikos Stamatios 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, the diagnostic ability of uroflowmetry, the most widely used urodynamic test available for initial assessment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), is considered limited by its inability to accurately discriminate between the underlying mechanisms of this condition. To improve the diagnostic accuracy of uroflow, we developed a mathematical formula that calculates the flow resistive forces index (QRF), a novel measure of bladder outflow/urethral resistance, and assessed its clinical applicability compared to the maximum flow rate (Qmax).Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study was conducted in a cohort of 61 adult men presenting with voiding dysfunction symptoms, who all underwent free uroflowmetry followed by pressure flow study. The development of the mathematical formula which contains five key uroflowmetry variables (voided volume, flow time, Qmax, average flow rate, and peak flow time) was based on the assumption that urine volume momentum changes during voiding, the concept of diphasic uroflow pattern (acceleration/deceleration), and the urethral resistance factor (URA) equation. Study subjects were classified either as obstructed or nonobstructed according to established urodynamic criteria (linearized passive urethral resistance relation, LinPURR; Abrams‐Griffiths number, AGN [also called bladder outlet obstruction index, BOOI]; and URA). Univariate linear correlations, binary logistic regression model, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve statistical analysis were employed (SPSS‐22, MedCalc, GraphPad [P < .05]).ResultsOutflow obstruction was diagnosed in 50.8% (1 in 2) patients. Univariate analysis, and bivariate linear correlation, binary logistic regression, and ROC curve analyses showed that the QRF was a strong independent predictor of bladder outlet/outflow obstruction (BOO), significantly outperforming Qmax.ConclusionsQRF index accurately predicts BOO, significantly outperforming the currently widely used bladder outlet obstruction estimator Qmax. Despite potential study limitations (mainly small cohort size and lack of control group), we anticipate that with further study and proper clinical validation, QRF could become a valuable complement to uroflowmetry.
A measurement scale to assess responsive feeding among Cambodian young children
Authors: Sall Ndèye S. , Bégin France , Dupuis Jérémie B. , Bourque Jimmy , Menasria Lylia , Main Barbara , Vong Lenin , Hun Vannary , Raminashvili David , Chea Chhorvann , Chiasson Lucie , Blaney Sonia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe caregiver–child interaction during mealtime, which refers to responsive feeding (RF), influences child's dietary intake. In Cambodia, given the level of malnutrition, getting better knowledge of RF among young children is essential, but to do so, using an appropriate assessment tool is necessary. We aim to develop and to validate a measurement tool to assess RF in two different situations (before and after an intervention) among children 6–23 months old. This research is part of a larger trial assessing the impact of nutrition education combined or not with the provision of complementary foods on child nutritional status. The “Opportunistic Observation Form” from the Process for the Promotion of Child Feeding package was used to collect data on RF through direct observations of child's meal episodes. Data were used to define an initial scale composed of four constructs and 15 indicators. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and Hancock and Mueller'sHreliability indices were computed to assess the validity and reliability of the scale. The final tool was applied to baseline and endline data. At baseline, the sample included 243 pairs and, at endline, 248 pairs. The final scale included two latent constructs (RF and active feeding) that comprise three indicators for active feeding and five for RF. Criteria for fit indices of CFA were met for both constructs though better at baseline. Reliability coefficients were above 0.80 for each construct at baseline and endline. This research proposes a scale that could be used to assess active feeding and RF. Further validation is warranted in different contexts.
Are glacial refugia hotspots of speciation and cytonuclear discordances? Answers from the genomic phylogeography of Spanish common frogs
Authors: Dufresnes Christophe , Nicieza Alfredo G. , Litvinchuk Spartak N. , Rodrigues Nicolas , Jeffries Daniel L. , Vences Miguel , Perrin Nicolas , Martínez‐Solano Íñigo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSubdivided Pleistocene glacial refugia, best known as “refugia within refugia”, provided opportunities for diverging populations to evolve into incipient species and/or to hybridize and merge following range shifts tracking the climatic fluctuations, potentially promoting extensive cytonuclear discordances and “ghost” mtDNA lineages. Here, we tested which of these opposing evolutionary outcomes prevails in northern Iberian areas hosting multiple historical refugia of common frogs (Ranacf.temporaria), based on a genomic phylogeography approach (mtDNA barcoding and RAD‐sequencing). We found evidence for both incipient speciation events and massive cytonuclear discordances. On the one hand, populations from northwestern Spain (Galicia and Asturias, assigned to the regional endemicR. parvipalmata), are deeply‐diverged at mitochondrial and nuclear genomes (~4 My of independent evolution), and barely admix with northeastern populations (assigned toR. temporariasensu stricto) across a narrow hybrid zone (~25 km) located in the Cantabrian Mountains, suggesting that they represent distinct species. On the other hand, the most divergent mtDNA clade, widespread in Cantabria and the Basque country, shares its nuclear genome with otherR. temporarias. s. lineages. Patterns of population expansions and isolation‐by‐distance among these populations are consistent with past mitochondrial capture and/or drift in generating and maintaining this ghost mitochondrial lineage. This remarkable case study emphasizes the complex evolutionary history that shaped the present genetic diversity of refugial populations, and stresses the need to revisit their phylogeography by genomic approaches, in order to make informed taxonomic inferences.
Are you what you eat? A highly transient and prey‐influenced gut microbiome in the grey house spider Badumna longinqua
Authors: Kennedy Susan R. , Tsau Sophia , Gillespie Rosemary , Krehenwinkel Henrik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStable core microbial communities have been described in numerous animal species and are commonly associated with fitness benefits for their hosts. Recent research, however, highlights examples of species whose microbiota are transient and environmentally derived. Here, we test the effect of diet on gut microbial community assembly in the spider Badumna longinqua. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing combined with quantitative PCR, we analyzed diversity and abundance of the spider's gut microbes, and simultaneously characterized its prey communities using nuclear rRNA markers. We found a clear correlation between community similarity of the spider's insect prey and gut microbial DNA, suggesting that microbiome assembly is primarily diet‐driven. This assumption is supported by a feeding experiment, in which two types of prey—crickets and fruit flies—both substantially altered microbial diversity and community similarity between spiders, but did so in different ways. After cricket consumption, numerous cricket‐derived microbes appeared in the spider's gut, resulting in a rapid homogenization of microbial communities among spiders. In contrast, few prey‐associated bacteria were detected after consumption of fruit flies; instead, the microbial community was remodelled by environmentally sourced microbes, or abundance shifts of rare taxa in the spider's gut. The reshaping of the microbiota by both prey taxa mimicked a stable core microbiome in the spiders for several weeks post feeding. Our results suggest that the spider's gut microbiome undergoes pronounced temporal fluctuations, that its assembly is dictated by the consumed prey, and that different prey taxa may remodel the microbiota in drastically different ways.
The effect of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate on the endothelial glycocalyx during ischemia‐reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart
Authors: Araibi Hala , van der Merwe Elizabeth , Gwanyanya Asfree , Kelly‐Laubscher Roisin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveSphingosine‐1‐phosphate is a natural metabolite that is cardioprotective, but its effects on endothelial glycocalyx damage during ischemia‐reperfusion are unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate on the endothelial glycocalyx during ischemia‐reperfusion.MethodsIsolated hearts from Wistar rats were perfused on a Langendorff system with Krebs‐Henseleit buffer and pretreated with sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (10 nmol/L) before ischemia‐reperfusion. Infarct size was measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining (n ≥ 6 per group). Cardiac edema was assessed by calculating total water content (n = 7 per group) and histologically quantifying the interstitial compartment (n ≥ 3 per group). The post‐ischemic coronary release of syndecan‐1 was quantified using ELISA. Syndecan‐1 immunostaining intensity was assessed in perfusion‐fixed hearts (n ≥ 3 per group).ResultsPretreatment with sphingosine‐1‐phosphate decreased infarct size in isolated hearts subjected to ischemia‐reperfusion (P = .01 vs ischemia‐reperfusion). However, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate had no effect on syndecan‐1 levels in the coronary effluent or on the intensity of the syndecan‐1 immunostaining signal in cardiac tissue. Heart total water content was not significantly different between control and ischemic groups but was significantly decreased in hearts treated with sphingosine‐1‐phosphate alone.ConclusionThese results suggest that sphingosine‐1‐phosphate‐induced cardioprotection against ischemia‐reperfusion injury is not mediated by the maintenance of syndecan‐1 in the endothelial glycocalyx.
Holy Places and Religious Language in New Religious Movements
Authors: Lockhart Alastair 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe idea of sacred sites or holy ground has been an important aspect of a number of major world religions. While the concept has received longstanding scholarly attention in connection with the traditional Abrahamic faiths, the ways in which late-modern and contemporary movements have developed the idea has been little studied. This paper reviews the ways in which twentieth-century new religions adopted and developed the idea of holy place. Three movements form the core case studies: The Panacea Society, a breakaway Anglican group based in Bedford in England, which came to believe their garden was the site of Eden; the American Theosophical Society, which founded a utopian community in California understood as the site of the emergence of a new spiritual age; and Jamaican Rastafari who came to regard a territory south of Addis Ababa in Ethiopia as salvific. Common themes emerging from the case studies include the ways in which ideas about holy ground (1) draw on available theological motifs, (2) express emerging theological principles, and (3) are catalysed by stress or challenge. Finally, the discussion reflects on the role of holy ground in these movements in the light of classic and contemporary understandings of place and religious imagination.
Diabetic painful truncal neuropathy with hypohidrosis and facial palsy
Authors: Tsunoda Keiichiro , Omote Yoshio , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ikegami Ken , Nakano Yumiko , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Deguchi Kentaro , Abe Koji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTruncal neuropathy is a rare phenotype of diabetic neuropathy. Here, we report the first case of diabetic painful truncal neuropathy complaining of back pain with hypohidrosis confirmed by a sweat test accompanied by cranial nerve palsy. The patient had poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and suffered from back pain followed by facial palsy. After pulse therapy with methylprednisolone facial palsy improved, but back pain was intractable with a loss of body weight. The sweat test showed hypohidrosis on the back and soles on his feet. Sural nerve biopsy revealed decreased small fibers and mild axonopathy. After palliative therapy, his symptoms gradually improved.
Mental structures
Authors: Lande Kevin J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn ongoing philosophical discussion concerns how various types of mental states fall within broad representational genera—for example, whether perceptual states are “iconic” or “sentential,” “analog” or “digital,” and so on. Here, I examine the grounds for making much more specific claims about how mental states are structured from constituent parts. For example, the state I am in when I perceive the shape of a mountain ridge may have as constituent parts my representations of the shapes of each peak and saddle of the ridge. More specific structural claims of this sort are a guide to how mental states fall within broader representational kinds. Moreover, these claims have significant implications of their own about semantic, functional, and epistemic features of our mental lives. But what are the conditions on a mental state's having one type of constituent structure rather than another? Drawing on explanatory strategies in vision science, I argue that, other things being equal, the constituent structure of a mental state determines what I call its distributional properties—namely, how mental states of that type can, cannot, or must co‐occur with other mental states in a given system. Distributional properties depend critically on and are informative about the underlying structures of mental states, they abstract in important ways from aspects of how mental states are processed, and they can yield significant insights into the variegation of psychological capacities.
Temperature and water potential co‐limit stem cambial activity along a steep elevational gradient
Authors: Cabon Antoine , Peters Richard L. , Fonti Patrick , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , De Cáceres Miquel 
Published: January 2020

SummaryEfforts to develop mechanistic tree growth models are hindered by the uncertainty of whether and when tree growth responses to environmental factors are driven by carbon assimilation or by biophysical limitations of wood formation.In this study, we used multiannual weekly wood‐formation monitoring of two conifer species (Larix deciduaandPicea abies) along a 900 m elevational gradient in the Swiss Alps to assess the biophysical effect of temperature and water potential on wood formation. To this end, we developed a model that simulates the effect of water potential on turgor‐driven cambial division, modulated by the effect of temperature on enzymatic activity.The model reproduced the observed phenology of tracheid production, as well as intra‐ and interannual tracheid production dynamics of both species along the elevational gradient, although interannual model performance was lower. We found that temperature alone explains the onset of tracheid production, yet water potential appears necessary to predict the ending and the total amount of tracheids produced annually.We conclude that intra‐annual cambial activity is strongly constrained by both temperature and water potential at all elevations, independently of carbon assimilation. At the interannual scale, biophysical constraints likely interact with other factors.
γ‐Aminobutyric acid and related amino acids in plant immune responses: Emerging mechanisms of action
Authors: Tarkowski Łukasz P. , Signorelli Santiago , Höfte Monica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe entanglement between primary metabolism regulation and stress responses is a puzzling and fascinating theme in plant sciences. Among the major metabolites found in plants, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) fulfils important roles in connecting C and N metabolic fluxes through the GABA shunt. Activation of GABA metabolism is known since long to occur in plant tissues following biotic stresses, where GABA appears to have substantially different modes of action towards different categories of pathogens and pests. While it can harm insects thanks to its inhibitory effect on the neuronal transmission, its capacity to modulate the hypersensitive response in attacked host cells was proven to be crucial for host defences in several pathosystems. In this review, we discuss how plants can employ GABA's versatility to effectively deal with all the major biotic stressors, and how GABA can shape plant immune responses against pathogens by modulating reactive oxygen species balance in invaded plant tissues. Finally, we discuss the connections between GABA and other stress‐related amino acids such as BABA (β‐aminobutyric acid), glutamate and proline.