bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are self‐esteem and academic achievement reciprocally related? Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican‐origin youth
Authors: Zheng Lucy R. , Atherton Olivia E. , Trzesniewski Kali , Robins Richard W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivePrevious research has shown that self‐esteem is associated with academic achievement. However, few studies have used longitudinal data to examine how self‐esteem and achievement co‐develop over a long time span, and even fewer have focused on ethnic minority youth.MethodWe used data from a longitudinal study of Mexican‐origin youth (N = 674) to examine the bidirectional associations between self‐esteem and academic achievement from 5th to 11th grade. Global and domain‐specific self‐esteem (academic, honesty, peer relationships, appearance) were assessed at ages 10, 12, 14, and 16 using Marsh et al.'s (2005) Self‐Description Questionnaire. Academic achievement was assessed at the same ages using self‐reported grades and standardized test scores from school records.ResultsYouth with high global and academic self‐esteem showed relative improvements in their grades (but not test scores), and youth who received higher grades and test scores showed relative increases in global and academic self‐esteem. Youth with high honesty self‐esteem showed relative increases in grades and test scores, and youth with higher grades showed relative increases in peer relationship self‐esteem.ConclusionStudents who feel better about themselves tend to show improvements in their grades, and getting better grades and test scores promotes more positive self‐views.
The role of caesarean section and nonbreastfeeding in preventing mother‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus in HBsAg‐and HBeAg‐positive mothers: results from a prospective cohort study and a meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Yu‐Chen , Jia Zhi‐Fang , Wang Yue‐Qi , Yang Na , Liu Jian‐Xun , Zhai Xiang‐Jun , Song Ying , Wang Chong , Li Jie , Jiang Jing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to assess whether caesarean section and nonbreastfeeding can prevent mother‐to‐child transmission (MTCT) in HBsAg‐ and HBeAg‐positive mothers via a cohort study and a meta‐analysis. (1) Pregnant women who were positive for HBsAg and HBeAg and did not receive antiviral treatment during pregnancy were recruited from the First Hospital of Jilin University, Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Jiangsu and Henan from August 2009 to June 2015. Infants received active and passive immunity. (2) In addition, a systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Chinese databases. The retrieval strategy was [(“HBV” or “hepatitis b” or “hepatitis b virus”) and (“mother‐to‐infant transmission” or “vertical transmission”)]. Studies were screened, and data were extracted. The fixed‐effect model was used to analyse the studies. A total of 852 mothers and 857 newborns were enrolled. At the age of 7 months, 41 infants (4.78%) were positive for HBsAg. Multivariate analysis showed that mothers with higher HBV DNA levels (>108 IU/mL; RR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.41‐6.52) were associated with an increased risk of infection. Although there was no statistical significance, caesarean section (RR = 0.61) and nonbreastfeeding (RR = 0.88) showed a tendency to reduce the risk of infection. (2) A total of 5726 studies were identified. Together with our study, 13 were included in the analysis of delivery mode, and 12 were included in the analysis of feeding mode. The risk of infection in the caesarean section group was lower than that in the vaginal delivery group (RR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.46‐0.74). In the analysis of feeding mode, the risk in the nonbreastfeeding group was significantly lower (RR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56‐0.98). In conclusion, caesarean section and nonbreastfeeding reduced the risk of MTCT in infants of HBsAg‐ and HBeAg‐positive mothers who did not receive antiviral therapy during pregnancy.
Amino acids and fatty acids composition in mass‐cultured Teleaulax amphioxeia strains with notable potential for rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) enrichment
Authors: Kim Hyung Seop , Kim Jong Hyeok , Jo Soo‐Gun , Rho Jung‐Rae , Yih Wonho 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the nutritional quality of the Teleaulax/Plagioselmis/Geminigera (TPG) clade species over the conventional prey species of the Rhodomonas/Rhinomonas/Storeatula (RHO) clade for the enrichment of a rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, two strains of Teleaulax amphioxeia (TA), CR‐MAL07 and CR‐MAL08‐02, and a Chroomonas sp. strain CR‐MAL10 from Korean coastal waters were mass cultured in 500 L photobioreactors. When harvested from the stationary growth phase, the composition of all three macronutrients and three n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) exhibited large deviations among strains and culture media. The composition of essential amino acids and UFAs was higher in CR‐08‐02 by up to 1.1 and 22.2 times, respectively, than that in a commercially available Chlorella sp. strain. For the enrichment of B. plicatilis cultures previously grown with the Chlorella concentrates, high‐density cultures of CR‐08‐02 were offered. After a 3‐hr enrichment, the compositions of eicosapentaenoic acid, n‐3 FA (fatty acids), and n‐6 FA in B. plicatilis increased by 331, 19.5, and 10.48%, respectively, which might reflect the relevant quality compositions in the TA cells. Thus, TA in the TPG clade can be another novel type of prey to enrich rotifer cultures for the marine larviculture.
Viscosity characterization of confined bitumen considering microaggregate‐bitumen interactions
Authors: Dong Zejiao , Liu Zhiyang , Yang Chen , Gong Xiangbing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicroaggregate‐bitumen interactions in asphalt mixtures cause nonuniform rheological properties of bitumen adhering to aggregates. It is necessary to quantify microaggregate‐bitumen interactions so that the properties of the confined bitumen can be precisely characterized. This study developed a viscosity model of confined bitumen film considering microsubstrate–bitumen interactions. An exponential function was introduced to characterize the spatial distribution of viscosity under the effects of these microinteractions. The apparent viscosity of the bitumen film was formulated as an expression of thickness comprising bulk and interfacial viscosities and a decay index. The bulk viscosity showed a temperature dependence that corresponded with the Williams–Landel–Ferry model. The interfacial viscosity was higher than the bulk viscosity at high temperatures but lower at low temperatures, which indicates that the effect of substrate–bitumen interactions is bidirectional and depends on temperature. This phenomenon could be attributed to the microstructural transition of interfacial bitumen from an oriented layer to a disentangled one. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the microstructural changes of interfacial bitumen under the effect of microaggregate‐bitumen interactions.
A case of pure bilateral horizontal gaze palsy due to multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hatake Seira , Sakamaki Masanori , Mishina Masahiro , Kitazato Minako , Goto Shizuka , Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Nagayama Hiroshi , Kimura Kazumi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 30‐year‐old woman presented with paresthesia in her left lower limb and blurred vision. She had bilateral horizontal gaze palsy with the absence of cranial nerve symptoms such as horizontal saccades, pursuit, and facial nerve palsy. Considering her convalescence, we speculated that her pure bilateral horizontal gaze palsy was mainly caused by disturbance in paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). Pure horizontal gaze palsy may also be a characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis.
The Effects of UI Benefits on Unemployment and Subsequent Outcomes: Evidence from a Kinked Benefit Rule
Authors: Kyyrä Tomi , Pesola Hanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the effects of unemployment insurance benefits on unemployment exits and subsequent labour market outcomes. We exploit a piecewise linear relationship between the previous wage and benefits in Finland to identify the causal effects of the benefit level by using a regression kink design. Although we only find weak evidence of an effect on the time to the next job, higher benefits decrease the time spent in part‐time unemployment and thus result in more full‐time unemployment. The re‐employment probability and post‐unemployment wage are also negatively affected. The results for the duration of the first post‐unemployment job are not conclusive, but in total both employment and earnings in the two years following the beginning of the unemployment spell decrease with higher benefits.
Prevalence of Hip or Groin Pain in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: French Helen P. , Deasy Margaret , Gallagher Rebecca , O'Grady Aisling , Doyle Frank 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMusculoskeletal pain is a common cause of pain in adolescence and can be an important predictor of future pain. The prevalence of hip or groin pain that could potentially affect different adolescent populations has not yet been systematically reviewed. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of hip or groin pain in this population. Five electronic databases were searched until January 2019 for eligible studies that included males and females 13 to 19 years of age. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessments were completed by 2 independent researchers. Based on inclusion criteria, 8 population‐based, 8 clinical, and 4 sports populations were included. Studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australia. The prevalence was dichotomized into “0 to 3 months” and “3 months and above.” Meta‐analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence from 0 to 3 months, and individual estimates were reported for studies of 3 months and above. The overall prevalence of hip or groin pain in all adolescents from 0 to 3 months was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6%, 23%) based on 10 studies, and was 7% (95% CI 6%, 10%) based on 7 population studies. Caution should be applied to these estimates due to substantial study heterogeneity. The pain prevalence in cerebral palsy from 0 to 3 months based on 4 studies was 13% (95% CI 10%, 15%). Individual prevalence estimates were 6% and 31% in obese and 4% in hypermobility populations, respectively, and ranged from 6% to 100% in 4 sports studies. The validity of these estimates is compromised by poor methodological quality.
Supplemental oxygen improves exercise capacity in IPF patients with exertional desaturation
Authors: Arizono Shinichi , Furukawa Taiki , Taniguchi Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Koji , Kimura Tomoki , Kataoka Kensuke , Ogawa Tomoya , Watanabe Fumiko , Kondoh Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe efficacy of supplemental oxygen during exercise remains unclear for patients with IPF, as there have been conflicting results from recent prospective studies with small sample sizes.MethodsThis prospective, single‐blind, randomized, crossover trial evaluated the efficacy of supplemental oxygen compared with placebo air during exercise in consecutive patients with IPF without resting hypoxaemia at initial evaluation. Patients with <90% SpO2 in a 6MWT using room air were randomly assigned to a CWRET at 80% of peak work rate with oxygen or placebo air gas via nasal cannula at 4 L/min. The primary endpoint was the effect of supplemental oxygen on endurance time.ResultsWe recruited 72 consecutive patients (median age: 66.5 years, % FVC: 84.6%, % DLCO: 61.4%). Supplemental oxygen significantly increased the endurance time (340–424 s; P < 0.001) and minimum SpO2 (88.0–94.0%; P < 0.001) compared with placebo air. Furthermore, supplemental oxygen significantly improved dyspnoea and leg fatigue. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, the endurance time on air was an independent explanatory variable of the improvement rate of endurance time (P = 0.02).ConclusionIn mild–moderate IPF with exercise‐induced hypoxaemia even without resting hypoxaemia, supplemental oxygen during exercise improved the endurance time, desaturation and subjective symptoms. Patients with shorter endurance times with placebo air showed better improvement with supplemental oxygen.
“Some Things Never Change, We’re Always Second in Line”: Gendered Experiences of Progress and the Agricultural Crisis in Almeria, Spain*
Authors: Reigada Alicia , Soler Montiel Marta , Pérez Neira David , Delgado Cabeza Manuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article addresses sex‐gender relations within the context of changing class relations shaped by the historical formation of an intensive system of agricultural production in Almeria (Spain). The analysis of work, both on the farm and within the domestic unit, guides the research, which relates socio‐historical conditions and the subjective experiences and identities of men and women farmers. We begin from the theoretical premise that the change from being employed as wage laborers to becoming farm owners was a family project in which women and sex‐gender relations played an essential, though hidden, role. We use a qualitative methodology and an historical perspective focused on the different phases of the Almerian agricultural model: the origin and consolidation of the sector (1960–1970), a boom period (the decade of the 1980s) and the strangulation of the model (from the decade of the 2000s until today). The article discusses and concludes that despite the centrality of the participation of women farmers and the change in class position, the subordinate place they occupy—in both the domestic sphere and on the farm– has continued throughout the different phases of the model. Thus, we find that “Some things never change, we're always second in line.”
Concurrent activation of OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 in rice leads to enhanced nitrogen use efficiency under nitrogen limitation
Authors: Lee Sichul , Marmagne Anne , Park Joonheum , Fabien Chardon , Yim Yehyun , Kim Sun‐ji , Kim Tae‐Heon , Lim Pyung Ok , Masclaux‐Daubresse Celine , Nam Hong Gil 
Published: May 2020

SummaryNitrogen (N) is a major factor for plant development and productivity. However, the application of nitrogenous fertilizers generates environmental and economic problems. To cope with the increasing global food demand, the development of rice varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is indispensable for reducing environmental issues and achieving sustainable agriculture. Here, we report that the concomitant activation of the rice (Oryza sativa) Ammonium transporter 1;2 (OsAMT1;2) and Glutamate synthetase 1 (OsGOGAT1) genes leads to increased tolerance to nitrogen limitation and to better ammonium uptake and N remobilization at the whole plant level. We show that the double activation of OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 increases plant performance in agriculture, providing better N grain filling without yield penalty under paddy field conditions, as well as better grain yield and N content when plants are grown under N llimitations in field conditions. Combining OsAMT1;2 and OsGOGAT1 activation provides a good breeding strategy for improving plant growth, nitrogen use efficiency and grain productivity, especially under nitrogen limitation, through the enhancement of both nitrogen uptake and assimilation.
SARS‐CoV‐2 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients and risk for transfusion transmission
Authors: Corman Victor M. , Rabenau Holger F. , Adams Ortwin , Oberle Doris , Funk Markus B. , Keller‐Stanislawski Brigitte , Timm Jörg , Drosten Christian , Ciesek Sandra 
Published: May 2020

KEY IDEAS
Oral swabs, sputum, and blood samples from 18 asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were examined using RT‐PCR testing in order to assess the risk of transfusion‐related transmission.
In asymptomatic patients as well as patients with flu‐like symptoms and fever, no SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA could be detected in the blood or serum despite a clearly positive result in all throat swabs.
As patients with symptoms of infectious disease will not be admitted to blood donation, the risk for transfusion transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 seems to be negligible.
Networks of foreign affiliates: Evidence from Japanese micro‐data
Authors: Spinelli Francesca , Rouzet Dorothée , Zhang Hongyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper provides evidence of the investment patterns of Japanese multinational enterprises (MNEs) across countries and industries and analyses the main drivers of their location strategies, using detailed micro‐data on Japanese parents and their affiliates including the final destination of affiliate sales. The breakdown of affiliate sales by destination market reveals that Japanese MNEs establish services affiliates primarily to maximise proximity to local customers, while foreign affiliates in manufacturing sectors tend to engage more widely with third countries. Yet, some economies emerge as strategic gateways to other destinations in their region. The empirical analysis delves into the drivers of host country attractiveness for FDI seeking new markets, production efficiency and to act as regional or global platforms. Important factors shaping Japanese FDI decisions include trade and investment policies in goods and services, deep FTAs, as well as streamlined customs procedures. Furthermore, well‐calibrated rules for digital commerce and investments in digital infrastructure and innovation contribute to attracting MNEs. Overall, the paper stresses the factors behind better integration into global production networks and the policy priorities to attract various types of FDI inflows.
The role of carotid bodies in the generation of active inspiratory and expiratory responses to exercise in rats
Authors: Spiller Pedro F. , da Silva Carlos A. A. , Francescato Heloísa D. C. , Moraes Davi J. A. 
Published: May 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the carotid bodies’ contribution to active inspiratory and expiratory response to exercise?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Removal of the carotid bodies reduced the active inspiratory and expiratory responses of diaphragm and abdominal internal oblique muscles, respectively, to high‐intensity, but not to low‐intensity, exercise in rats. Removal of the carotid bodies increased and decreased arterial pH in response to high‐intensity exercise. The carotid bodies contribute to the inspiratory and expiratory adjustments to high‐intensity exercise in rats.
AbstractExercise involves the interaction of several physiological processes, in which adjustments in pulmonary ventilation occur in response to increased O2 consumption, CO2 production and altered acid–base equilibrium. The peripheral chemoreceptors (carotid bodies; CBs) are sensitive to changes in the chemical composition of arterial blood, and their activation induces active inspiratory and expiratory responses. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that the CBs contribute to the active inspiratory and expiratory responses to exercise in rats. We performed electromyographic recordings of the diaphragm (DiaEMG) and abdominal internal oblique (AbdEMG) muscles in rats before and after bilateral removal of the CBs (CBX) during constant‐load low‐intensity and high‐intensity progressive treadmill exercise. We also collected arterial blood samples for gaseous and pH analyses. Similar increases in DiaEMG frequency in both experimental conditions (before and after CBX) during low‐intensity exercise were observed, without significant changes in the DiaEMG amplitude. During high‐intensity exercise, lower responses of both DiaEMG frequency and DiaEMG amplitude were observed in rats after CBX. The AbdEMG phasic active expiratory response was not significant either before or after CBX during low‐intensity exercise. However, CBX reduced the phasic active expiratory responses during high‐intensity exercise. The blunted responses of inspiratory and expiratory adjustments to high‐intensity exercise after CBX were associated with higher levels and lower arterial pH values. Our data show that in rats the CBs do not participate in the inspiratory and expiratory responses to low‐intensity exercise, but are involved in the respiratory compensation against the metabolic acidosis induced by high‐intensity exercise.
Rocket-Hammer Man
Authors: Brown Alan S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
James Hobson, a mechanical engineer better known as The Hacksmith, has fashioned a YouTube career from building real-world versions of video game and comic book gadgets—Make It Real videos. Like every inventor, Hobson has a garage packed with tools. These range from laser cutters to 3D printers. Sometimes, they provide cosmetic packaging for his concoctions. Other times, like his metal printed 20-kilowatt heat saber, they are highly functional. This article charts his career journey.
PDCD4 deficiency ameliorates left ventricular remodeling and insulin resistance in a rat model of type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Meng , Yang Zhi , Huang Shanying , Wu Xiao , Cao Lei , Wang Xiaohong , Li Qian , Li Na , Gao Fei 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac remodeling, dysfunction, and insulin resistance; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a novel inflammation and apoptosis gene, but its role in type 2 DCM remains elusive. We aimed to determine if PDCD4 intervention improves DCM by affecting left ventricular remodeling, function, and insulin resistance.Research design and methodsWe designed a PDCD4-/-rat, established a type 2 diabetes animal model, and constructed a PDCD4 overexpressed adenovirus and PDCD4 small interfer RNA (siRNA) vectors to alter PDCD4 expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Thereafter, glucose levels, lipid metabolism, echocardiography, and extent of myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis were compared in vivo and in vitro.ResultsPDCD4 deficiency improved insulin resistance, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction in type 2 DCM rats and improved myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis. Proliferation and transformation of cardiac fibroblasts was reduced via PDCD4 downregulation in vitro under high-glucose stimulation. Furthermore, PDCD4 regulated the myocardial phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) pathway in vivo and in vitro. PDCD4 intervention affected cardiac remodeling, dysfunction, and insulin resistance by influencing fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis via the PI3K-AKT pathway in vivo.ConclusionsPDCD4 knockdown protected against left ventricular remodeling, dysfunction, and insulin resistance in type 2 DCM rats. The underlying mechanisms may involve reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and normalized PI3K-AKT phosphorylation. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report the effects and underlying mechanisms of PDCD4 in type 2 DCM. These results provide a potential new treatment avenue for improving the prognosis of patients with type 2 DCM.