bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indium Nitride at the 2D Limit
Authors: Pécz Béla , Nicotra Giuseppe , Giannazzo Filippo , Yakimova Rositsa , Koos Antal , Kakanakova‐Georgieva Anelia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe properties of 2D InN are predicted to substantially differ from the bulk crystal. The predicted appealing properties relate to strong in‐ and out‐of‐plane excitons, high electron mobility, efficient strain engineering of their electronic and optical properties, and strong application potential in gas sensing. Until now, the realization of 2D InN remained elusive. In this work, the formation of 2D InN and measurements of its bandgap are reported. Bilayer InN is formed between graphene and SiC by an intercalation process in metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The thickness uniformity of the intercalated structure is investigated by conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) and the structural properties by atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The coverage of the SiC surface is very high, above 90%, and a major part of the intercalated structure is represented by two sub‐layers of indium (In) bonded to nitrogen (N). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements give a bandgap value of 2 ± 0.1 eV for the 2D InN. The stabilization of 2D InN with a pragmatic wide bandgap and high lateral uniformity of intercalation is demonstrated.
Carbon concentration predicts soil contamination of plant residues
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDry matter estimations of field‐harvested plant materials can be complicated by varying degrees of soil contamination. A quick and simple method of screening materials for potential soil contamination would avoid unnecessary analyses. Harvested forage biomass and soil‐surface crop residues were collected from cool‐season perennial pastures, a silvopasture, and no‐tillage cropland to determine ash concentration. Samples were also analyzed for total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations as part of routine plant analysis. When assessing ash and C concentrations along a gradient of soil contamination among 260 samples, a common regression was developed that had <1% coefficient of variation [Ash (g kg−1) = 999 − 1.89 × C (g kg−1), r2 = .99, p < .001]. This association was consistent with available data in the literature, which also showed a negative relationship between ash and C concentrations of organically derived materials. Soil contamination of plant biomass and surface residues can be effectively estimated with this regression approach, allowing for more accurate organic matter estimates.
Sustainable Groundwater Management in India Needs a Water‐Energy‐Food Nexus Approach
Authors: Mukherji Aditi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGroundwater depletion in India is a result of water, energy, and food policies that have given rise to a nexus where growth in agriculture has been supported by unsustainable trends in water and energy use. This nexus emanates from India's policy of providing affordable calories to its large population. This requires that input prices are kept low, leading to perverse incentives that encourage groundwater overexploitation. The paper argues that solutions to India's groundwater problems need to be embedded within the current context of its water‐energy‐food nexus. Examples are provided of changes underway in some water‐energy‐food policies that may halt further groundwater depletion.
Hypercalcemia in a patient with a bowing femur
Authors: Slouma Maroua , Rahmouni Safa , Dhahri Rim , Abbes Maissa , Gharsallah Imen , Metoui Leila , Louzir Bassem 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHypercalcemia in PDB is rare; its occurrence requires thorough investigations as it may reveal several diseases, such as primary hyperparathyroidism, malignant transformation, metastases, or myeloma.
Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver mimicking a hydatid cyst
Authors: Limaiem Faten , Bouraoui Saâdia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMisdiagnosis of mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver may have serious consequences due to their premalignant potential. A thorough understanding of their characteristic features and a high index of suspicion are mandatory (Mod Pathol, 24, 2011, and 1079).
A case of congenital single testis with testicular cancer patient and azoospermia who was able to collect spermatozoa with ipsilateral Onco‐TESE
Authors: Hayashi Kazumasa , Inamoto Teruo , Azuma Haruhito , Masuda Hiroshi , Oku Hirotsugu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOnco‐TESE is a useful strategy for cancer patients with a congenital single testis who wish to preserve their fertility.
Twisting versus Delocalization in CAAC‐ and NHC‐Stabilized Boron‐Based Biradicals: The Roles of Sterics and Electronics
Authors: Schmid Paul , Fantuzzi Felipe , Klopf Jonas , Schröder Niklas B. , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger , Engel Volker , Engels Bernd 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwisted boron‐based biradicals featuring unsaturated C2R2 (R=Et, Me) bridges and stabilization by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) were recently prepared. These species show remarkable geometrical and electronic differences with respect to their unbridged counterparts. Herein, a thorough computational investigation on the origin of their distinct electrostructural properties is performed. It is shown that steric effects are mostly responsible for the preference for twisted over planar structures. The ground‐state multiplicity of the twisted structure is modulated by the σ framework of the bridge, and different R groups lead to distinct multiplicities. In line with the experimental data, a planar structure driven by delocalization effects is observed as global minimum for R=H. The synthetic elusiveness of C2R2‐bridged systems featuring N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was also investigated. These results could contribute to the engineering of novel main group biradicals.
Social needs and health‐related quality of life among African American cancer survivors: Results from the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors study
Authors: Hastert Theresa A. , McDougall Jean A. , Strayhorn Shaila M. , Nair Mrudula , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Schwartz Ann G. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSocial needs may affect cancer survivors' health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) above and beyond sociodemographic and cancer‐related factors. The purpose of this study was to estimate associations between social needs and HRQOL.MethodsResults included data from 1754 participants in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors cohort, a population‐based study of African American survivors of breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer. Social needs included items related to food insecurity, utility shutoffs, housing instability, not getting health care because of cost or a lack of transportation, and perceptions of neighborhood safety. HRQOL was measured with the validated Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT‐G). Linear regression models controlled for demographic, socioeconomic, and cancer‐related factors.ResultsMore than one‐third of the survivors (36.3%) reported social needs including 17.1% of survivors reported 2 or more. The prevalence of social needs ranged from 14.8% for food insecurity to 8.9% for utility shutoffs. FACT‐G score differences associated with social needs were –12.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] to –15.2 to –9.3) for not getting care because of a lack of transportation, –11.3 (95% CI, –14.2 to –8.4) for housing instability, –10.1 (95% CI, –12.7 to –7.4) for food insecurity, –9.8 (95% CI, –12.7 to –6.9) for feeling unsafe in the neighborhood, –8.6 (95% CI, –11.7 to –5.4) for utility shutoffs, and –6.7 (95% CI, –9.2 to –4.1) for not getting care because of cost.ConclusionsSocial needs were common in this cohort of African American cancer survivors and were associated with clinically significant differences in HRQOL. Clinical oncology care and survivorship care planning may present opportunities to screen for and address social needs to mitigate their impact on survivors' HRQOL.
The Diversity of Linear Conjugated Polyenes and Colours in Nature: Raman Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Maia Lenize F. , De Oliveira Vanessa E. , Edwards Howell G. M. , De Oliveira Luiz Fernando C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis review is centered on the linear conjugated polyenes, which encompasses chromatic biomolecules, such as carotenoids, polyunsaturated aldehydes and polyolefinic fatty acids. The linear extension of the conjugated double bonds in these molecules is the main feature that determines the spectroscopic properties as light‐absorbing. These classes of compounds are responsible for the yellow, orange, red and purple colors which are observed in their parent flora and fauna in nature. Raman spectroscopy has been used as analytical tool for the characterization of these molecules, mainly due to the strong light scattering produced by the delocalized pi electrons in the carbon chain. In addition, conjugated polyenes are one of the main target molecular species for astrobiology, and we also present a brief discussion of the use of Raman spectroscopy as one of the main analytical tools for the detection of polyenes extra‐terrestrially.
Phasing and imputation of single nucleotide polymorphism data of missing parents of biparental plant populations
Authors: Gonen Serap , Wimmer Valentin , Gaynor R. Chris , Byrne Ed , Gorjanc Gregor , Hickey John M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an extension to a heuristic method for phasing and imputation of genotypes of descendants in biparental populations so that it can phase and impute genotypes of parents that are ungenotyped or partially genotyped. The imputed genotypes of the parent are used to impute low‐density (Ld) genotyped descendants to high density (Hd). The extension was implemented as part of the AlphaPlantImpute software and works in three steps. First, it identifies whether a parent has no or Ld genotypes and identifies its relatives that have Hd genotypes. Second, using the Hd genotypes of relatives, it determines whether the parent is homozygous or heterozygous for a given locus. Third, it phases heterozygous positions of the parent by matching haplotypes to its relatives. We measured the accuracy (correlation between true and imputed genotypes) of imputing parent genotypes in simulated biparental populations from different scenarios. We tested the imputation accuracy of the missing parent's descendants using the true genotype of the parent and compared this with using the imputed genotypes of the parent. Across all scenarios, the imputation accuracy of a parent was >0.98 and did not drop below ∼0.96. The imputation accuracy of a parent was always higher when it was inbred than outbred. Including ancestors of the parent at Hd, increasing the number of crosses and the number of Hd descendants increased the imputation accuracy. The high imputation accuracy achieved for the parent translated to little or no impact on the imputation accuracy of its descendants.
Molecular analysis of structural genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis in naturally colored cotton
Authors: Canavar Öner , Rausher Mark D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to facilitate the development of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) strains with colored fiber, the genetic and developmental control of flavonoids in fibers must be understood. The major goal of this study was to determine whether anthocyanidins accumulate in three different natural colored cotton fibers during their development, and to document the expression levels of flavonoid genes necessary for the production of anthocyanidins to determine if differences in expression levels reflect differences in anthocyanidin production. Most flavonoid structural genes were more highly expressed during fiber elongation than before the beginning of secondary cell wall formation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses showed that the abundance of anthocyanidins was higher in brown fibers than in green or white fibers. Anthocyanidins were present at high levels in fibers, starting at 20 d post‐anthesis of fiber development, which is almost at the end of the fiber elongation stage. Brown cotton contains higher delphinidin levels than of green and white cotton. This pattern is consistent with greater expression of anthocyanin pathway genes in brown fibers. In naturally colored cotton, the enzyme Lar (leucoanthocyanidin reductase) converted leucoanthocyanidins to catechin, which are proanthocyanins (PAs) precursor subunits. It is suggested that failure to produce anthocyanins is likely due to a combination of insufficient expression of Ufgt (UDP‐glucose: flavonoid 3‐O‐glucosyltransferase) and high expression of Lar and Anr (anthocyanidin reductase).
Help or hindrance? The evolutionary impact of whole‐genome duplication on immunogenetic diversity and parasite load
Authors: Bell Ellen A. , Cable Jo , Oliveira Claudio , Richardson David S. , Yant Levi , Taylor Martin I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhole‐genome duplication (WGD) events occur in all kingdoms and have been hypothesized to promote adaptability. WGDs identified in the early history of vertebrates, teleosts, and angiosperms have been linked to the large‐scale diversification of these lineages. However, the mechanics and full outcomes of WGD regarding potential evolutionary impacts remain a topic of debate. The Corydoradinae are a diverse subfamily of Neotropical catfishes with over 170 species described and a history of WGDs. They are divided into nine mtDNA lineages, with species coexisting in sympatric—and often mimetic—communities containing representatives of two or more of the nine lineages. Given their similar life histories, coexisting species of Corydoras might be exposed to similar parasite loads and because of their different histories of WGD and genome size they provide a powerful system for investigating the impacts of WGD on immune diversity and function in an animal system. Here, we compared parasite counts and the diversity of the immune‐related toll‐like receptors (TLR) in two coexisting species of Corydoras catfish (C. maculifer and C. araguaiaensis), one diploid and one putative tetraploid. In the putative tetraploid C. araguaiaensis, we found significantly lower numbers of parasites and significantly higher diversity (measured by both synonymous and nonsynonymous SNP counts) in two TLR genes than in the diploid C. maculifer. These results provide insight into how WGD may impact evolution, in this case by providing greater immunogenetic diversity.
Desiccation limits recruitment in the pleometrotic desert seed‐harvester ant Veromessor pergandei
Authors: Johnson Robert A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe desert harvester ant Veromessor pergandei displays geographic variation in colony founding with queens initiating nests singly (haplometrosis) or in groups (pleometrosis). The transition from haplo‐ to pleometrotic founding is associated with lower rainfall. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of cooperative founding in this species, but the ultimate explanation remains unanswered. In laboratory experiments, water level was positively associated with survival, condition, and brood production by single queens. Queen survival also was positively influenced by water level and queen number in a two‐factor experiment. Water level also was a significant effect for three measures of queen condition, but queen number was not significant for any measure. Foundress queens excavated after two weeks of desiccating conditions were dehydrated compared to alate queens captured from their natal colony, indicating that desiccation can be a source of queen mortality. Long‐term monitoring in central Arizona, USA, documented that recruitment only occurred in four of 20 years. A discriminant analysis using rainfall as a predictor of recruitment correctly predicted recruitment in 17 of 20 years for total rainfall from January to June (the period for mating flights and establishment) and in 19 of 20 years for early plus late rainfall (January–March and April–June, respectively), often with a posterior probability > 0.90. Moreover, recruitment occurred only in years in which both early and late rainfall exceeded the long‐term mean. This result also was supported by the discriminant analysis predicting no recruitment when long‐term mean early and late rainfall were included as ungrouped periods. These data suggest that pleometrosis in V. pergandei evolved to enhance colony survival in areas with harsh abiotic (desiccating) conditions, facilitating colonization of habitats in which solitary queens could not establish even in wet years. This favorable‐year hypothesis supports enhanced worker production as the primary advantage of pleometrosis.
Evaluation of Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation Station (CHIRPS) satellite‐based rainfall estimates over Finchaa and Neshe Watersheds, Ethiopia
Authors: Geleta Chala Daba , Deressa Tesema Adamu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent advancements in the field of remote sensing have led to the development of high resolution satellite‐based rainfall products to improve the quality of observed rainfall data through proper evaluation and validation process of the products. This study therefore, intended to evaluate the performance of CHIRPS (Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation Station) satellite‐based rainfall products in Finchaa and Neshe watersheds of Blue Nile Basin. Daily ground‐ and satellite‐based rainfall data are collected from Ethiopian National Meteorological Agency and CHIRPS dataset of CHG (Climate Hazards Group) respectively, for the time slice of 25 years (1991–2015). The performance of CHIRPS product is evaluated using quantitative statistical performance indicators and graphical comparison methods. CHIRPS satellite product tends to slightly overestimate the mean rainfall depth at the study area. A positive strong linear correlation (R = 0.93 and R2 = 0.86) and a smaller amount of noise, bias and error (NSE = 0.84, PBIAS = 0.98%, and RMSE = 46.99 mm) have been found between CHIRPS satellite‐based and the ground‐based rainfall products when compared. The overall results in this study also indicated the good performance of CHIRPS satellite‐based rainfall estimates in maintaining patterns of observed measurements at monthly, seasonal and annual time steps across the watersheds.
Numerical investigation of effective parameters of falling film evaporation in a vertical‐tube evaporator
Authors: Haghsheno Maryam , Kouhikamali Ramin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWastewater treatment is one of the most effective solutions to manage the problem of water scarcity. Falling film evaporators are excellent technology in wastewater treatment plants. These wastewater evaporators provide high heat transfer, short residence time in the heating zone, and high‐purity distilled water. In the present study, the mechanism of turbulent falling film evaporation in a vertical tube has been investigated. A model has been developed for symmetrical two‐dimensional pure and saline water flow in a vertical tube under constant wall heat flux. The numerical simulation has been carried out by a commercial computational fluid dynamics code. The evaporation of saturated liquid film is simulated utilizing a two‐phase volume of fluid method and Tanasawa phase‐change model. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of water salinity, liquid Reynolds number, wall heat flux, and liquid film thickness on the two‐phase heat transfer coefficient and vapor volume fraction. The numerical heat transfer coefficients are compared with the obtained results by Chen's empirical correlation. With a MAPE ≤ 11%, this study proves that the numerical method is highly effective at predicting the heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, the empirical coefficient of the Tanasawa model and the minimum thickness of the falling film are determined.
Perceptions of safety and subjective well‐being of Brazilian children
Authors: Sarriera Jorge Castellá , Bedin Lívia Maria , Strelhow Miriam Raquel W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSafety is considered an important aspect of life and well‐being. However, few studies have examined the relationship between safety and well‐being among children, especially in Latin American. This study aims at analyzing the relationship between perceptions of safety and children's subjective well‐being, considering children's school, city context, and sex. Participants were 2,200 Brazilian children (10–13 years old) who answered the single item on Overall Life Satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Student Scale, and four items regarding safety perceptions. Through analysis of variance and structural equation modeling (SEM), results indicate that children who live in inner cities and study in private schools have significantly higher averages of safety perception. Also, boys present higher averages about how safe they feel. SEM presents a positive and significant relationship between safety perception and children's subjective well‐being and multigroup SEM indicates invariance of the model across groups. Safety is presented as an important component of well‐being. Interventions aimed at promoting safety and community ties can enhance children's well‐being.
Psychological sense of community and motivation toward collective social change among community coalition members of color in the southwestern United States
Authors: Lardier David T. , Merrill Erica A. , Cantu Irene N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrawing on McMillan and Chavis's psychological sense of community framework among southwestern community coalition members (N = 18), data were examined for narratives of how psychological sense of community and experiences of community manifest among coalition members. We were also interested in knowing how coalition members make meaning of social change. Findings illustrate that dimensions of psychological sense of community (e.g., membership, emotional connection, needs' fulfillment, and influence) are important in how members made meaning of community needs and their own participation in the coalition. Implications are put forward for theory and community programming.
Hospital Dentistry: The Swiss‐Army Knife of Dental Medicine
Authors: Kunkel George H. , Roberts Gary K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHospital Dentistry is an inclusive synergism of the recognized dental specialties in an emergency/hospital atmosphere. This perspective composition serves to display the breadth of Hospital Dentistry from an observational and creative viewpoint while elucidating the role of the Hospital Dentist in the dynamic large university hospital setting. It calls for increased awareness of the field of Hospital Dentistry and the potential for its specialized role in the future of dental medicine. Hospital‐based General Practice Residencies (GPR) expose trainees to Hospital Dentistry and its integrated role in medicine. Exploring the ventures of Hospital Dentistry highlight the need to increase Hospital Dentistry‐focused student groups while encouraging advanced dental education through GPR programs. The rising geriatric community, complex patient caseload, and population growth call for the need to expand the field of Hospital Dentistry through its recognition as a specialty in the future of dental medicine.