bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported health as a predictor of mortality: A cohort study of its relation to other health measurements and observation time
Authors: Lorem Geir , Cook Sarah , Leon David A. , Emaus Nina , Schirmer Henrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSelf-reported health (SRH) is widely used as an epidemiological instrument given the changes in public health since its introduction in the 1980s. We examined the association between SRH and mortality and how this is affected by time and health measurements in a prospective cohort study using repeated measurements and physical examinations of 11652 men and 12684 women in Tromsø, Norway. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of death for SRH, controlling for pathology, biometrics, smoking, sex and age. SRH predicted mortality independently of other, more objective health measures. Higher SRH was strongly associated with lower mortality risk. Poor SRH had HR 2.51 (CI: 2.19, 2.88). SRH is affected by disease, mental health and other risk factors, but these factors had little impact on HRs (Poor SRH: HR 1.99; CI: 1.72, 2.31). SRH predicted mortality, but with a time-dependent effect. Time strongly affected the hazard ratio for mortality, especially after ten-year follow-up (Poor SRH HR 3.63 at 0–5 years decreased to HR 1.58 at 15–21 years). SRH has both methodological and clinical value. It should not be uncritically utilised as a replacement instrument when measures of physical illness and other objective health measures are lacking.
The relationship between subjective sleep quality and cognitive performance in healthy young adults: Evidence from three empirical studies
Authors: Zavecz Zsófia , Nagy Tamás , Galkó Adrienn , Nemeth Dezso , Janacsek Karolina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe role of subjective sleep quality in cognitive performance has gained increasing attention in recent decades. In this paper, our aim was to test the relationship between subjective sleep quality and a wide range of cognitive functions in a healthy young adult sample combined across three studies. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Athens Insomnia Scale, and a sleep diary to capture general subjective sleep quality, and the Groningen Sleep Quality Scale to capture prior night’s sleep quality. Within cognitive functions, we tested working memory, executive functions, and several sub-processes of procedural learning. To provide more reliable results, we included robust frequentist as well as Bayesian statistical analyses. Unequivocally across all analyses, we showed that there is no association between subjective sleep quality and cognitive performance in the domains of working memory, executive functions and procedural learning in healthy young adults. Our paper can contribute to a deeper understanding of subjective sleep quality and its measures, and we discuss various factors that may affect whether associations can be observed between subjective sleep quality and cognitive performance.
Urban wastewater analysis as an effective tool for monitoring illegal drugs, including new psychoactive substances, in the Eastern European region
Authors: Sulej-Suchomska Anna Maria , Klupczynska Agnieszka , Dereziński Paweł , Matysiak Jan , Przybyłowski Piotr , Kokot Zenon J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of illicit drugs causes unquestionable societal and economic damage. To implement actions aimed at combating drug abuse, it is necessary to assess illicit drug consumption patterns. The purpose of this paper was to develop, optimize, validate and apply a procedure for determining new psychoactive substances (NPSs) and classic drugs of abuse and their main metabolites in wastewater samples by using solid phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Moreover, detailed validation of the procedure was conducted. The developed SPE–HPLC-MS/MS procedure (within the sewage-based epidemiology strategy) allowed for the simultaneous, selective, very sensitive, accurate (recoveries ≥ 80.1%) and precise (CV ≤ 8.1%) determination of new and classic psychoactive substances in wastewater samples. This study is characterized by new scientific elements, especially in terms of the freeze-thaw and post-preparative stability of the selected psychoactive substances. This is the first time that NPSs (mephedrone and ketamine), the main metabolites of heroin (6-acetylmorphine, 6-AM) and marijuana (11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC-COOH) have been detected and monitored in Poland. This study is also the first to corroborate the data available from the EMCDDA and EUROPOL report and indicates that the retail market for cocaine is expanding in Eastern Europe.
Electrically induced transformations of defects in cholesteric layer with tangential-conical boundary conditions
Authors: Krakhalev Mikhail N. , Prishchepa Oxana O. , Sutormin Vitaly S. , Bikbaev Rashid G. , Timofeev Ivan V. , Zyryanov Victor Ya. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectric-field-induced changes of the orientational structures of cholesteric liquid crystal layer with the tangential-conical boundary conditions have been investigated. The samples with the ratio of the cholesteric layer thickness d to the helix pitch p equalled to 0.57 have been considered. The perpendicularly applied electric field causes a decrease of the azimuthal director angle at the substrate with the conical surface anchoring. In the cells with d = 22 μm, the defect loops having the under-twisted and over-twisted areas are formed. At the defect loop the pair of point peculiarities is observed where the 180° jump of azimuthal angle of the director occurs. Under the action of electric field the loops shrink and disappear. In the cells with d = 13 μm, the over-twisted and under-twisted defect lines are formed. Applied voltage results in the shortening of lines or/and their transformation into a defect of the third type. The director field distribution near defect lines of three types has been investigated by the polarising microscopy techniques. It has been revealed that the length ratio between the over-twisted and third-type defect lines can be controlled by the electric field.
Carbon Nanoparticles-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Awadallah-F Ahmed , Al-Muhtaseb Shaheen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMulti walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated by activated carbon nanoparticles of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels. Carbon nanospheres and MWCNTs were mixed by equal mass ratios for different durations. The products were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, nanoscanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results indicated that a significant decoration with carbon nanoparticles occurred onto the MWCNTs.
Breast tumor movements analysis using MRI scans in prone and supine positions
Authors: Wang Chuan-Bing , Lee Sangwook , Kim Taehun , Hong Dayeong , Kim Guk Bae , Yoon Ga Young , Kim Hak Hee , Kim Namkug , Ko BeomSeok 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe quantitatively evaluated breast tumor movement and volume changes between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in prone and supine positions. Twenty-seven breast tumor patients who received neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) for breast-conserving surgery were studied. Before and after NST, MRI scans in prone and supine positions were performed immediately. Tumor segmentation, volume, and position of tumors were evaluated in both positions. Average tumor volumes in prone and supine positions did not significantly differ (p = 0.877). Tumor movement from prone to supine positions from the origin of the bottom center of the sternum was strongly correlated with the distance from the tumor center to the chest wall (r = 0.669; p < 0.05). Tumor changes from prone to supine positions measured from the origin of the nipple depended on the location of the tumor in the breast. The prone-to-supine movement of all tumors from the origin of the bottom center of the sternum tended to move outward from the sagittal centerline of the body on the coronal plane, to the inside of the body on the sagittal plane, and outward and downward close to the body on the axial plane, which might help in planning operations using prone MRI in supine-position breast cancer surgery.
Impact of scaling on aeration performance of fine-pore membrane diffusers based on a pilot-scale study
Authors: Wang Mingyue , Mo Huijun , Liu Guo-hua , Qi Lu , Yu Yu , Fan Haitao , Xu Xianglong , Luo Tao , Shao Yuting , Wang Hongchen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAeration systems consume a large amount of energy in wastewater treatment plants. Fine-pore membrane diffusers are most commonly used in aeration systems. Scaling and fouling on these membrane diffusers will lead to decreased performance in aeration and increase energy consumption. This pilot-scale study focused on the scaling of the three kinds of fine-pore membrane diffusers under different influent hardness conditions. The results showed that the diffusers were mainly polluted by calcium carbonate scaling. Scaling occurred on the outer surface, orifices and inner surface of the membranes. The dynamic wet pressure (DWP) of ethylene-propylenediene monomer (EPDM), silicone and polyurethane (PU) membrane diffusers increased by 126%, 34% and 304%, respectively, within 50 days when the hardness was 400 mg/L (as CaCO3). However, the increase ratio became obviously slow during the subsequent 60-day operation, indicating a scaling rule of membrane diffusers. Considering that the standard aeration efficiency (SAE) acted as a comprehensive index for judging the aeration performance, the silicone diffuser had better performance than the other two diffusers when severe scaling occurred. This research also provides basic support for the design of membrane diffusers to improve their anti-scaling performance.
Metallothionein Cd4S11 cluster formation dominates in the protection of carbonic anhydrase
Authors: Yuan Amelia T , Korkola Natalie C , Wong Daisy L , Stillman Martin J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous proteins vital for essential metal homeostasis and heavy metal detoxification. The twenty-cysteinyl mammalian metallothioneins protect the proteome by sequestering heavy metals into thermodynamically stable metal thiolate structures when metalated with seven Cd2+. At physiological pH, the first metal (M) thiolate (SCys) structures formed involve M(SCys)4 terminal thiolates. With higher metal loading, M4(SCys)11 and M3(SCys)9 clusters form. As a regulator of the metallome, it is necessary to understand metal sequestration properties of MT in solution with other metalloproteins. We report that the association between apo-MT and apo-carbonic anhydrase (CA) enhances the formation of the protective mode of MT, in which Cd4(SCys)11-clusters form at much lower concentration levels than for the free apo-MT at physiological pH. Using stopped-flow kinetics and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, we quantified this protective effect, determining that it is significant at pH 7.4, but the effect diminishes at pH 5.0. We report for the first time, the absolute stepwise binding constants of Cd2+ binding to human MT1a both in the presence and absence of CA through calibration by the known binding constant of Cd2+ to bovine CA. We report that this protein association affects the Cd2+ metalation rates of MT. The data support the physiological role of MTs as protectors of the metalloproteome from the toxic effects of Cd2+.
Expression profiles and prognostic significance of WNT family members in glioma via bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Xu Anqi , Yang Huiping , Gao Kunjie , Zhan Zhengming , Song Zibin , Huang Tengyue , Song Ye 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aims: The dysregulation and essential role of WNTs in glioma have been widely implicated. However, there is a paucity of literature on the expression status of all the 19 WNTs in glioma. Our study was aimed to evaluate the expression and prognostic values of the 19 WNTs in glioma. Methods: mRNA expression and clinical data were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), GTEx and ONCOMINE databases. The 50 frequent neighbor genes of WNT5A and WNT10B were shown with PPI network, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. Results: We found that the mRNA expression of WNT5A was significantly higher in glioma; however, the WNT10B expression was significantly lower in glioma. Furthermore, the expression of WNT5A and WNT10B was associated with the clinicopathology of glioma. The survival analysis revealed that the higher expressions of WNT5A and WNT16 were associated poor overall survival (OS) in patients with glioma. Conversely, overexpression of WNT3, WNT5B, and WNT10B was associated with better OS. Finally, Go and KEGG analysis revealed WNT5A was associated with multiple signal translations, and crucial oncogenes (EGFR and MDM2) and 2 important tumor suppressors (PTEN and IKN4a/ARF) were found closely correlated with WNT5A in glioma. Conclusion: Among 19WNTs, WNT5A can serve as a candidate to diagnose and therapy glioma, while WNT10B might be valuable for anti-glioma research. The presumed direction was provided to explore the relation of WNTs signal and multiple pathways in glioma.
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices of Australian Audiologists in Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Adults With Hearing Loss
Authors: Bennett Rebecca J. , Meyer Carly J. , Ryan Brooke , Barr Caitlin , Laird Emma , Eikelboom Robert H. 
Published: March 2020

PurposeEmotional and mental health is essential to overall health, but there has been little research on how to approach emotional and mental health in the audiology setting. This study provides a preliminary investigation into the current knowledge, beliefs, and practices of Australian audiologists in addressing the emotional and mental health needs of adults with hearing loss.MethodA 22-item survey using open- and closed-ended questions was completed by 95 Australian audiologists using a cross-sectional study design.ResultsTwo thirds of audiologists described being underconfident and lacking the skills required to provide emotional support to people with hearing loss. Barriers to delivering emotional support included feeling out of their depth (56.6%), time/caseload pressures (55.3%), and the perception that the provision of emotional support was not within an audiologist's scope of practice (31.6%). Audiologists described a desire to refer clients to mental health professionals yet highlighted significant barriers, including not knowing who to refer to (54.7%), when to make a referral (49.3%), or how to make a referral (38.6%). Audiologists overwhelmingly (96%) indicated that they would like to develop their knowledge and skills associated with the provision of emotional and mental health support in the audiological setting.ConclusionKnowledge, skills, and time were identified as the key areas that require attention in order to allow audiologists to address the emotional and mental health needs of adults with hearing loss.
P300 Event-Related Potentials in Normal-Hearing Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: van der Westhuizen Natasha , Biagio-de Jager Leigh , Rheeder Paul 
Published: March 2020

Background
P300 event-related potentials can be used to measure auditory processing speed, working memory, and attention.

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to compare P300 event-related potentials in normal-hearing adults with those of adults with Type II diabetes mellitus.

Research Design
A two-group (with diabetes and controls) comparative study (age- and sex-matched) with a nonprobability sampling method was used.

Study Sample
Sixty-four adult participants (32 with diabetes, 32 without diabetes) between the ages of 23 and 60 years participated.

Data Collection and Analysis
Pure-tone audiometry was performed to ensure participants had pure-tone averages of ≤ 25 dB HL. Folstein Mini-Mental State Examinations were conducted, which ensured absence of cognitive impairment. Blood glucose levels were measured immediately prior to P300 testing, after which amplitude and latency results were captured. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate mean, standard deviation, median, and 25th and 75th percentiles. To study differences between adults with and without diabetes as well as the effect of glucose, linear mixed-model regression analyses were performed when left and right ears were combined, and simple linear regression analyses were performed when left and right ears were analyzed separately.

Results

For P300 latency results, a significant statistical difference (
p
< .001) was observed between participants with and without diabetes (352.46 ms,
SD
= 36.36; 314.09 ms,
SD
= 32.08), respectively. A significant statistical difference (
p
< .001) in amplitude was observed between participants with and without diabetes, respectively (12.10 μV,
SD
= 3.70; 15.08 μV,
SD
= 2.82). Glucose was a key moderator of only amplitude after adjusting for diabetes status. Glucose had no effect on amplitude and latency for adults without Type II diabetes mellitus (DM).

Conclusions
Type II DM decreases amplitude and increases latency; in addition, adults with Type II DM, attention, and working memory, as denoted by P300 amplitude, may deteriorate with increased glucose levels on the day of testing.
Language, Motor, and Cognitive Outcomes of Toddlers Who Were Born Preterm
Authors: Loeb Diane Frome , Imgrund Caitlin M. , Lee Jaehoon , Barlow Steven M. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the language, motor, and cognitive abilities of children born preterm in four categories: (a) healthy preterm infants, (b) infants of diabetic mothers, (c) infants with respiratory distress syndrome, and (d) infants with chronic lung disease when the children were 30 months, uncorrected age. Comorbidity of language, motor, and cognitive skills was examined, along with predictor variables.

Method
A total of 148 children who were born preterm participated and were assessed using bivariate tests and logistic regression on standardized assessment scores.

Results
Controlling for the children's gestational age (GA), overall language ability was significantly lower in the infants of diabetic mothers group compared to the healthy preterm infant group, and expressive language skills were significantly lower for the chronic lung disease group than the respiratory distress syndrome group. The children with language delays on at least one measure were significantly more likely to have cognitive, motor, or both delays. Lower maternal education was a significant predictor for language and cognitive delays, and younger GA was a significant predictor for language, motor, and cognitive delays.

Conclusion
Assessment of the preterm infant from a biosystems approach allows the speech-language pathologist to take into consideration maternal education, diagnosis at preterm birth, and GA, which were found to impact the language, motor, and cognitive outcomes of children born preterm. Our findings further reinforce the concept of the whole child in that children born preterm who display language delays should be screened for co-occurring motor and/or cognitive delays.
Pharyngeal Versus Esophageal Stasis: Accuracy of Symptom Localization
Authors: Marvin Stevie , Thibeault Susan 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to determine whether patients who complain of bolus stasis are accurate at localizing bolus stasis as measured by a videofluoroscopic swallowing study with an esophagram.

Method
This study used a prospective analysis of outcomes data from the University of Wisconsin–Madison Voice and Swallow Outcomes database in patients with complaints of bolus stasis who completed the combined videofluoroscopic swallowing study and esophagram to determine the accuracy of bolus stasis localization.

Results

Dysphagia evaluation was completed in 301 patients with complaints of bolus stasis. Patients with complaints of bolus stasis in the throat (i.e., pharynx and cervical esophagus) were less accurate at localizing bolus stasis than patients with complaints in the thoracic esophagus (
p
< .001). Esophageal stasis was the most common finding regardless of complaint location.

Conclusion
Patients are poor at localizing bolus stasis, and esophageal stasis is common in patients who complain of pharyngeal stasis. This work supports a comprehensive evaluation of both the pharynx and the esophagus for patients with complaints of bolus stasis in the throat. Future research should focus on identifying symptom profiles that could lead to targeted swallowing evaluations based on patient history and complaint.
What Does Evidence-Based Practice Mean to You? A Follow-Up Study Examining School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Fulcher-Rood Katrina , Castilla-Earls Anny , Higginbotham Jeff 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work.MethodSemistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP.ResultsSLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used.ConclusionsSLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.