bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-calibration of nine UV sensing instruments over Antarctica and Greenland since 1980
Authors: Weaver Clark J. , Bhartia Pawan K. , Wu Dong L. , Labow Gordon J. , Haffner David E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Nadir-viewed intensities (radiances) from nine UV sensing satellite
instruments are calibrated over the East Antarctic Plateau and Greenland
during summer. The calibrated radiances from these UV instruments ultimately
will provide a global long-term record of cloud trends and cloud response
from ENSO events since 1980. We first remove the strong solar zenith angle
dependence from the intensities using an empirical approach rather than a
radiative transfer model. Then small multiplicative adjustments are made to
these solar zenith angle normalized intensities in order to minimize
differences when two or more instruments temporally overlap. While the
calibrated intensities show a negligible long-term trend over Antarctica and a statistically insignificant UV albedo trend of −0.05 % per decade
over the interior of Greenland, there are small episodic reductions
in intensities which are often seen by multiple instruments. Three of these
darkening events are explained by boreal forest. Other events are caused by
surface melting or volcanoes. We estimate a 2-sigma uncertainty of 0.35 %
for the calibrated radiances.
¿Es posible el pensamiento de Žižek hoy?
Authors: Espinoza Lolas Ricardo 
Published: October 2020

Este artículo busca reflexionar sobre el pensamiento de Žižek en la actualidad, en la era de Coronavirus, y ver cómo tal pensamiento tiene mucho que decirnos ante esta crisis mundial. Por una parte, ya no podemos seguir esperando en que acontezca una revolución, porque será otra mutación del Capitalismo que en vez de destruirlo lo hará más fuerte, pero, por otra parte, sí se puede esperar en esta crisis del Coronavirus que sea posible que acontezca otra forma de articularnos los unos a los otros, es el “amor” para Žižek; una cierta religión atea cristiana; a saber, una forma de entender el Comunismo hoy después de esta crisis mundial.
Maltrato en la Vejez
Authors: Letelier Correa Azucena 
Published: October 2020

El presente artículo es una revisión bibliográfica que intenta describir el recorridohistórico que se ha realizado al intentar definir y dimensionar la problemática delmaltrato hacia el adulto mayor, desde sus inicios hasta nuestros días. Recorrido que llega a mostrar cómo se ha avanzado en Chile respecto del conocimiento de este fenómeno. Se describe cómo en Chile se define el maltrato y cuántos tipos de maltrato existen. Al mismo tiempo que se precisan las características de los actores (víctima–victimario) y los factores de riesgo que pueden llevar a una persona anciana a encontrarse en una situación de riesgo.
Construcción y estudio piloto de un cuestionario para evaluar comportamientos socialmente responsables en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Espina Alvaro , Navarro Gracia , Salazar Loreto 
Published: October 2020

Se construyó un cuestionario para evaluar el comportamiento socialmente responsable en estudiantes de la Universidad de Concepción. El instrumento cuenta con dos escalas: la primera evalúa la frecuencia del comportamiento, y la segunda la intención que subyace a éste. El instrumento fue sometido a validación de juecesexpertos. Luego se aplicó a una muestra piloto de treinta alumnos del primer año de la carrera de Psicología. Con los datos obtenidos y utilizando el programa estadístico Statistical Análisis System se encontraron altos índices de consistencia interna para ambas escalas y una influencia estadísticamente significativa de la segunda sobre la primera. Se enfatiza un modelo descriptivo del comportamiento socialmente responsable respaldado en el marco teórico y en los datos obtenidos.
VigiFlood: Evaluating the Impact of a Change of Perspective on Flood Vigilance
Authors: Adam Carole 
Published: October 2020

Emergency managers receive communication training about the importance of being ’first, right and credible’, and taking into account the psychology of their audience and their particular reasoning under stress and risk. But we believe that citizens should be similarly trained about how to deal with risk communication. In particular, such messages necessarily carry a part of uncertainty since most natural risks are difficult to accurately forecast ahead of time. Yet, citizens should keep trusting the emergency communicators even after they made forecasting errors in the past. We have designed and implemented a serious game called Vigiflood, based on a real case study of flash floods hitting the South West of France in October 2018. In this game, the user changes perspective by taking the role of an emergency communicator, having to set the level of vigilance to alert the population, based on uncertain clues. Our hypothesis is that this change of perspective can improve the player’s awareness of flood risk, and response to future flood vigilance announcements. We evaluated this game through an online survey where people were asked to answer a questionnaire about flood risk awareness and behavioural intentions before and after playing the game, in order to assess its impact. The results are encouraging, showing improved risk awareness, protective intentions, vigilance, and trust after playing. However, it also suggests that the current ’’game design” is still poor and unable to engage the general public, in particular school students. Future research will therefore address this issue.
A Lossy Capacitance Measurement Circuit Based on Analog Lock-in Detection
Authors: Demirtas Mehmet , Erismis Mehmet Akif , Gunes Salih 
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a lossy capacitance measuring circuit which is based on analog lock-in detection technique. Lossy capacitance can be modelled as a pure capacitor connected in parallel with a resistor. The measurement circuit mechanism consists of an excitation signal to drive the lossy capacitance, a transimpedance amplifier to produce a voltage, and a lock-in detection circuit to extract lossy values of capacitance. The lock-in detector multiplies its input with a square wave using switches and filters out high frequencies to give a DC output that is actually in proportional to the measured values. A field programmable gate array is employed to generate direct digital synthesis based sinusoidal excitation signal to generate reference signals required for demodulation and to measure the output of lock-in detection. The phase shift between the excitation signal and reference signals is controlled accurately in digital domain. Thus, due to the phase mismatch, errors are properly reduced. Also, analog phase shifter and analog switch-driving circuits are no longer required. Three different lossy capacitors realized using discrete components are simulated and tested. The maximum relative error is 1.62 % for the resistance measurement and 6.38 % for the capacitance measurement.
Phototherapy in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Lesiak Aleksandra , Ciazynska Magdalena , Narbutt Joanna 
Published: October 2020

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, recurrent and chronic disease that occurs in 2–10% of the population. Therapy of AD could be divided into topical (corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors) and systemic (cyclosporine, methotrexate, azathioprine or biological treatment). Phototherapy is taken into consideration as a second-line treatment, when topical therapy is unsuccessful. We distinguish many types of phototherapy, e.g. narrowband UVB (311–313 nm), UVA-1 therapy (340–400 nm), UVA/B combination, UVA therapy plus 8-methoxypsoralens (PUVA), 308 nm excimer laser (EL) and blue light. Phototherapy is effective in many cases, whether in adults or in children. It should be remembered that during therapy possible side effects may occur. Among them the risk of carcinogenesis is the most severe.
Sustained Quality and Service Delivery in an Expanding Point-of-Care Testing Network in Remote Australian Primary Health Care
Authors: Matthews Susan Janet , Spaeth Brooke , Duckworth Lauren , Richards Janet Noreen , Prisk Emma , Auld Malcolm , Quirk Tina , Omond Rodney , Shephard Mark D. S. 
Published: October 2020

Context.—
Since 2008, the Northern Territory Point-of-Care Testing Program has improved patient access to pathology testing for acute and chronic disease management for remote health services.

Objective.—
To evaluate the analytical quality, service delivery, and clinical utility of an expanding remote point-of-care testing network.

Design.—
Four years (2016–2019) of data on analytical quality, test numbers, and training statistics and 6 months of clinical point-of-care testing data from Abbott i-STATs at remote health services throughout the Northern Territory were analyzed to assess analytical performance, program growth, and clinical utility.

Results.—
From 2016 to 2019, point-of-care test numbers increased, with chemistry and blood gas testing more than doubling to 8500 and 6000 tests, respectively, troponin I testing almost doubling (to 6000), and international normalized ratio testing plateauing at 8000 tests. Participation in quality control and proficiency testing was high, with quality comparable to laboratory-based analytical goals. A shift toward flexible training and communication modes was noted. An audit of point-of-care test results demonstrated elevated creatinine, associated with chronic kidney disease management, as the most common clinically actionable patient result.

Conclusions.—
The Northern Territory Point-of-Care Testing Program provides high quality point-of-care testing within remote primary health services for acute and chronic patient management and care. Clinical need, sound analytical performance, flexibility in training provision, and effective support services have facilitated the sustainability of this expanding point-of-care testing model in the remote Northern Territory during the past 11 years.
In Vitro Comparison of Physical Parameters, Enzyme Activity, Acid Resistance, and pH Dissolution Characteristics of Enteric-Coated Pancreatic Enzyme Preparations: Implications for Clinical Variability and Pharmacy Substitution
Authors: Kuhn Robert J. , Eyting Sabine , Henniges Friederike , Potthoff Andreas 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE Pancreatic enzyme products were available before the 1938 passage of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and have to date been marketed without required safety and efficacy testing. Despite a lack of demonstrated bioequivalence, they are often substituted for each other without physician or patient consent or monitoring. We investigated the in vitro variability of key performance parameters among a representative group of currently available pancreatic enzyme formulations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Three “branded” preparations (Creon 20 Minimicrospheres, Pancrease MT 20, Ultrase MT 20) and 3 “generic” formulations (Pangestyme CN-20, Pancrelipase 20,000 URL, and Lipram CR 20) were evaluated in vitro for physical parameters of the capsules, actual vs. labeled enzyme activity, resistance of the enteric coating to simulated gastric acid, and kinetics of simulated duodenal lipase release. All products were labeled as providing 20,000 units of lipase activity per capsule.
RESULTS All products varied considerably in the percentage relationship between actual and labeled lipase activity. Actual lipase activity exceeded 165% of the label claim in 4 batches of the Pangestyme product and 1 batch of the Lipram product. All batches of the Creon, Lipram, Ultrase, and Pancrease products were found to have residual lipase activity above 80% of their baseline measurements after testing in simulated gastric acid; residual lipase activity varied significantly among batches of the Pangestyme product and was only 1% for the Pancrelipase product. The Creon and Lipram products demonstrated effective protection by the enteric coating at pH &lt;6.0 and rapid release of enzymatic activity at pH ≥6.0. The Pangestyme and Pancrelipase products showed substantial activity of released enzymes already at pH 5.0. Release kinetics were inconsistent between batches for the Ultrase and Pancrease products.
CONCLUSION This study confirms the existence of “branded”-to-“generic,” product-to-product, and batch-to-batch variability among representative pancreatic enzyme formulations with pharmaceutically equivalent labels. The results confirm current cautions regarding pharmacy substitution of pancreatic enzyme products and support the announcement by the US Food and Drug Administration, made subsequent to this study, that as of April 2008 approved new drug applications will be required in order to ensure the quality, potency, and stability of these products.
A Retrospective Study Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Asthma Clinical Pathway in Pediatric Inpatient Practice
Authors: Edwards Elisa , Fox Kristie 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVE To determine if the asthma clinical pathway implemented at Wolfson Children's Hospital reduces the length of hospital stay. To determine if pathway use affected the use of asthma education, the use of appropriate discharge medications based on asthma classification, and readmission rates.
METHODS A list of patients aged 2 to 18 years discharged from Wolfson Children's Hospital between September 1, 2004 and August 31, 2006 with the diagnosis of asthma was generated. Medical records of eligible patients were reviewed for demographic information, asthma pathway use, duration of hospital stay in days, readmission rates, receipt of asthma education, and medications prescribed upon discharge. Patients placed on the asthma clinical pathway were compared to a control group with asthma who were matched based on age and discharge date. Length of stay was averaged for each group. Asthma education, discharge medications, and readmission rates were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS Forty-three patients placed on the asthma clinical pathway were compared to a 43 patients in the control group that were matched for age and discharge date. Use of the asthma clinical pathway reduced hospital stay by 0.372 days (P = .0373). Receipt of asthma education (P = .3864), the use of appropriate drug therapy prescribed upon discharge (P = .1398), and readmission rates (P = .5486) were unaffected by pathway use.
CONCLUSIONS The asthma clinical pathway used at Wolfson Children's Hospital reduces length of hospital stay, but has no bearing on receipt of asthma education, use of appropriate drug therapy upon discharge, or readmission rates.
Griseofulvin Only Modestly Diminishes Persistence of Trichophyton tonsurans on the Scalp of Carriers
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Susan M. , Wright Krista J. , Navarre Harriett C. 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES Using genetic strain typing, we previously identified a high rate of T. tonsurans carriage among preschool-aged children attending an urban daycare center. No treatment was provided as part of the observational study; however, children when symptomatic were treated in accordance with daycare policies. This retrospective investigation examines antifungal drug therapy received during the previous investigation and characterizes the impact of treatment on persistence of the fungus on the scalp.METHODS Children in whom serial typeable isolates of T. tonsurans were recovered were eligible for evaluation. Clinic charts were reviewed and dispensing records obtained from the primary pharmacies serving the daycare. Infection patterns were examined before and after treatment.RESULTS We identified 72 dispensing records for 53 children, all of whom received griseofulvin. Nine children could not be evaluated because treatment was coincident with their last study visit. Thus, 63 treatment events in 44 children with 331 discrete infection events remained. After a single course of griseofulvin, 22.7% of children became culture negative, 6.8% acquired another strain of T. tonsurans and, 70.5% remained persistently positive with the same strain carried prior to treatment. Among those receiving a second course of therapy, 54% remained positive and the cumulative percent of children that became culture negative increased to 36.4%. If children subsequently acquiring a different strain are considered together with those that became culture negative, cumulative strain clearance was observed in 43% of children. Neither the griseofulvin dose nor the duration of time over which children were infected prior to treatment differed between those that remained positive and those that became negative.CONCLUSIONS Griseofulvin eradicates dermatophyte scalp carriage in less than one-half of preschool-aged children receiving between one and four 4-week courses of the drug.
Smoking Cessation Treatment for Adolescents
Authors: Karpinski Julie P. , Timpe Erin M. , Lubsch Lisa 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTCigarette smoking in the adolescent population remains a public health concern. A significant portion of the adolescent population currently uses tobacco. Nicotine is particularly addicting in adolescents, and quitting is difficult. The goals for adolescent cigarette smoking efforts must include both primary prevention and smoking cessation. Bupropion and nicotine replacement therapies—including nicotine patches, gum, and nasal spray—have been studied to a limited extent in the adolescent population. Varenicline has not been evaluated as a treatment modality in adolescents. Long-term quit rates in the pharmacotherapy trials have not been optimal; however, decreases in cigarettes smoked per day have been observed. Several evidencebased guidelines include recommendations for smoking cessation in adolescents that include counseling and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy may be instituted for some adolescents in addition to counseling and behavioral interventions. Therapy should be individualized, based on smoking patterns, patient preferences, and concomitant disease states. Smoking cessation support for parents should be instituted as well. The pharmacist can play a large role in helping the adolescent quit smoking. Further studies evaluating pharmacotherapy options for smoking cessation in adolescents are necessary. If pharmacotherapy is used, it should be individualized and combined with psychosocial and behavioral interventions.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis in Special Populations: Is it Something Worth Considering in Cystic Fibrosis and Immunosuppression?
Authors: Prescott William A. , Hutchinson David J. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of infant hospitalization in the United States. Prophylaxis with palivizumab is effective in reducing RSV hospitalizations in premature infants and in infants or children with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease. Patients with CF or those who are immunocompromised may be at increased risk for RSV infection–related complications; hence, prophylaxis may prove beneficial to these populations. The extent of palivizumab use in the CF and immunocompromised populations is variable. Palivizumab appears to be safe and may be effective in infants and young children with CF and immunocompromise. However, well-designed, randomized, controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals are lacking, and its routine use can therefore not be recommended at this time. If used in patients with CF or those who are immunocompromised, RSV prophylaxis should be restricted to peak outbreak months in order to optimize the cost benefit of palivizumab.
Hyperphosphatemia in Pediatric Oncology Patients Receiving Liposomal Amphotericin B
Authors: Knoderer Chad A. , Knoderer Holly M. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
After transitioning our front-line amphotericin product to the liposomal formulation, we observed an increased incidence of hyperphosphatemia. We aimed to determine the incidence of hyperphosphatemia in children with oncologic disorders receiving an amphotericin B product and to establish whether the incidence varies depending on amphotericin formulation.

METHODS
This retrospective review of the medical record was conducted at a tertiary, free standing children's hospital. Pharmacy data revealed 159 patients receiving an amphotericin product between November 2006 and December 2008. Doses of amphotericin, serum phosphorous, calcium and creatinine concentrations were recorded at daily time points during the 10 days following both initiation and discontinuation of amphotericin. Administration of phosphate binders and total parenteral nutrition was noted. The incidence of hyperphosphatemia, defined as a serum value greater than the age-adjusted upper limit of normal, was compared among the amphotericin groups.

RESULTS
One hundred thirty-nine amphotericin recipients had a serum phosphorus measurement during amphotericin therapy. Final analysis included 117 children, of which 64 (55%) were oncology patients. Deoxycholate (mean maximum dose 1 mg/kg), lipid complex (mean maximum dose 4.8 mg/kg) and liposomal amphotericin (mean maximum dose 4.9 mg/kg) were used in 24 (20.5%), 37 (31.6%) and 56 (47.9%) of all patients, respectively. Hyperphosphatemia developed in 27% (32/117) of all patients, and in 33% (21/64) of oncology patients. Similar to within all recipients, among oncology patients, 45% (n=18) of liposomal recipients demonstrated hyperphosphatemia compared to 13% of those receiving lipid complex (n=3, p=0.007). No oncology patient received deoxycholate.

CONCLUSION
Nearly 45% of children with oncologic disorders receiving liposomal amphotericin developed hyperphosphatemia. The incidence is significantly greater for the liposomal formulation than either of the other amphotericin formulations.
Meperidine Restriction in a Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Benner Kim W. , Durham Spencer H. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND
Much has been published revealing concerns surrounding the use of meperidine due to associated toxicities, drug interactions, and lack of proven efficacy. Thus, many adult institutions have chosen to remove or limit the use of this agent, while little has been published about the restriction of meperidine in pediatrics. Many clinicians feel there are still clinical situations in which this agent may be useful.

OBJECTIVE
To describe methods taken in a pediatric hospital to restrict the use of meperidine and review literature describing uses of meperidine as a second-line agent.

METHODS
In our pediatric institution, a policy to restrict the use of meperidine was developed, approved, and implemented. An assessment of meperidine's use 6 months prior to policy implementation was done, along with a postinitiation review of use.

RESULTS
Data revealed that the use of meperidine dropped from 646 doses in 84 patients to 226 doses in 27 patients after restriction, as anticipated. Previous to implementation of these restrictions, orthopedics physicians ordered the majority of meperidine prescriptions, while the gastroenterology service ordered the majority of meperidine prescriptions after implementation of the restriction policy. However, the use of the required form was not widely adopted, with only 30% of practitioners utilizing it postrestriction. Widespread restriction of meperidine and education about use of the form at this institution are still under way.

CONCLUSION
Not only are there limited reasons for using meperidine, there are acceptable alternatives for every known indication. Limiting meperidine's use via a restriction policy and/or removal from the institution formulary can help limit the use of this potentially toxic agent in the pediatric patient.