bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Trends Analysis of the Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Women With Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): ACS Israeli Survey Registry 2000‐2016
Authors: Porter Avital , Paradkar Anika , Goldenberg Ilan , Shlomo Nir , Cohen Tal , Kornowski Ran , Eisen Alon 
Published: December 2019

Background

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death among women. Despite improvements in the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (
ACS
), women with an
ACS
remain at higher risk.

Methods and Results

We performed a time‐dependent analysis of the management and outcomes of women admitted with
ACS
who enrolled in the prospective biennial
ACS
Israeli Surveys between 2000 and 2016. Surveys were divided into 3 time periods (2000‐2004, 2006‐2010, and 2013‐2016). Outcomes included 30‐day major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, stent thrombosis, urgent revascularization) and 1‐year mortality. Overall, 3518 women were admitted with an
ACS
. Their mean age (70±12 years) was similar among the time periods. Over the time course of the study, more women were admitted with non–
ST
‐elevation
ACS
(51.9%, 59.6%, and 66.1%, respectively;
P
<0.001), and statins and percutaneous coronary intervention were increasingly utilized (66%, 91%, 93%, and 42%, 60%, and 68%, respectively;
P
<0.001 for each). Among women with
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, more primary percutaneous coronary interventions were performed (48.5%, 84.7%, and 95.3%, respectively;
P
<0.001). The rate of 30‐day major adverse cardiac events has significantly decreased over the years (24.6%, 18.6%, and 13.5%, respectively;
P
<0.001). However, 1‐year mortality rates declined only from 2000 to 2004 (16.9%, 12.8%, and 12.3%;
P
=0.007 for the overall difference), and this change was not significant after propensity matching or multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Over more than a decade, 30‐day major adverse cardiac events have decreased among women with
ACS
. Advances in pharmacological treatments and an early invasive approach may have accounted for this improvement. However, the lack of further reduction in 1‐year mortality rates among women suggests that more measures should be provided in this high‐risk population.
Augustine on Loving Too Much
Authors: Stróżyński Mateusz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article analyzes the friendship narratives contained in Books Two, Three and Four of Augustine’s Confessions, treating them not as biographical accounts, but as illustrations of Augustine’s philosophical ideas, namely, the fall of the soul and the role played in it by love. All those narratives seem to describe a homoerotic dimension of friendship. It is argued that making such homoerotic friendship, and not heterosexual love between man and woman, an allegory of the fall of the soul enables Augustine to show better the mechanism of the fall, namely, its excessive intensity and the fact that it perverts a naturally good relationship of the soul with the whole of creation.
Exploring the UN and OPCW Partnership in Syrian Chemical Weapons Disarmament
Authors: Makdisi Karim , Pison Hindawi Coralie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
After reviewing recent literature on international organizations’ autonomy and cooperation, this article explores the unprecedented partnership between the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons—implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention—and the UN Secretariat during the 2013–2014 chemical weapons disarmament in Syria. The article explores how this collaboration, embodied on the ground through the creation of a Joint Mission, evolved from hesitant, bureaucratic rivalry to an increasingly intense relationship in the aftermath of a large-scale attack near Damascus in August 2013. The research is based on wide-ranging interviews with senior OPCW and UN staff, and relevant state officials. The article shows how international shocks, high-level support from key Member States, and leadership at the Secretariat level produced requisite intra- and interorganizational consensus to mitigate turf wars. Relative autonomy of mission staff and bureaucratic flexibility further allowed skilled boundary spanners to build trust and increase the mission’s leeway, allowing it to navigate complex political challenges.
Secularization and the Jōruri Plays
Authors: Kawata Koh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to show, primarily through analysis of seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century jōruri 浄瑠璃 plays, the radical changes in the vision of salvation shared among ordinary people, focusing especially on Jōruri monogatari 浄瑠璃物語, Sonezaki shinjū 曽根崎心中 and Kinpira jōruri 金平浄瑠璃, and highlights how such changes are related to contemporary social processes of secularization. José Casanova famously claimed that the classical concept of secularization as the decline of religious belief is not adequate for the task of understanding general historical processes. Nevertheless, an equivalent to this process of religious decline is an important phenomenon in early modern Japan. In this secularization process, Japanese people of the early modern period sought more secular visions of salvation. Strong, persistent attention to kokoro 心 (mind or spirit), regarded as the means of realizing secular values such as wealth or happiness, was an expression of these concerns. Analyzing jōruri plays reveals how the increasing power of the centralized state, defeating religious powers one by one, became the key to changing people’s visions of salvation and thus, of secularization processes.
Practicing Belonging?
Authors: Fujiwara Satoko 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article suggests a way for scholars of Japanese religion to contribute to the international discussion on “nones” or the “non-religious,” who have been characterized as “believing without belonging,” “belonging without believing,” “believing in belonging,” etc. by integrating three different discursive arenas: one on multiple secularities as a context-conscious reexamination of functional differentiation; one on Japanese modernization centered on the idea of ie (household)-mura (village community); and one on a recent Japanese obsession with tsunagari (relationships, connection) and shōnin (recognition). The article argues that Japanese non-religiousness in the 2010s is an updated, self-conscious version of “religion as human relationships,” which can be paraphrased as “practicing belonging.” Moreover, while the current “religion as human relationships” practiced among young people tends to be confined to the intimate sphere, its traditional version regulated the public sphere as well. It was this public sphere of “religion as human relationships” that came to appear secular, as opposed to World Religions as matters of personal choice, in the process of modernization, which included the adoption of the Western concepts of “religion” and “secular.” The article also suggests that a “relationships turn” has been taking place not only in nonreligious rituals and festivals but also in spiritual culture and institutionalized religion.
Religion, Medicine and the Notion of Charity in Early Jesuit Missionary Pursuits in Buddhist Japan
Authors: Triplett Katja 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Searching for conceptual distinctions between religion and medicine is a promising avenue from which to reconstruct trajectories towards the appropriation of hegemonic Western concepts of secularism in Japan, such as the Meiji-period separation of religious and medical practice. Buddhism and medicine had already established a complex relationship for centuries when the Jesuits arrived in Japan. Mahāyāna Buddhist tenets, such as the practice of medicine as a “field of merit” (fukuden 福田), served lay Buddhists as well as monastics as a means to increase social capital through charitable projects. The article seeks to explore whether the Jesuits’ distinction between religion and medicine, and by extension the notion of charity, had any significant impact on Japanese religious and medical culture. In making a distinction between religion and medicine, the Jesuits drew a particular boundary in a way that could be interpreted as a precursor of secularity. The analysis of late medieval and early modern sources in European languages and in Japanese supports the conclusion that the form of secularity emerging in the Edo period resulted from an increase in the popularization of Neo-Confucian concepts and not the influx of the Catholic notion of caritas in the Iberian phase.
A ‘New Chapter’ in Australia–Timor Bilateral Relations? Assessing the Politics of the Timor Sea Maritime Boundary Treaty
Authors: Strating Rebecca 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The signing of the 2018 Maritime Boundary treaty was described by Australia’s then Foreign Minister Julie Bishop as opening ‘a new chapter’ in diplomatic relations with Timor-Leste. This contribution examines the importance of the treaty to bilateral relations. It provides a brief history of the Timor Sea disputes, explains Timor-Leste’s policy aims, and analyses Australia's foreign policy shift on the boundary delimitation issue. While there are positive signs in resolving the boundary dispute, uncertainty over the development of the Greater Sunrise gas field may impact bilateral relations in the future.
Australia’s Journey to Ratification of the ICESCR and ICCPR
Authors: Devereux Annemarie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article explores Australia’s journey to ratification of the ICESCR and ICCPR. From a somewhat languorous consideration of the Covenants following their adoption by the General Assembly in 1966, the Australian federal government moved to enthusiastically support signature and ratification after the election of the Whitlam government. However, tensions over federal-State demarcations and the potential use of the external affairs power stymied progress. It was not until the Fraser government period that each Covenant was ratified. Exploring this history reveals the depth of divisions concerning respective roles of the Commonwealth and the States in the human rights arena and highlights the role of ‘lighter’ interpretations of obligations in facilitating consensus.
Mining on Celestial Bodies: The Equitable Distribution of Benefits Doctrine and Distributive Justice
Authors: Saunders Melanie K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The United States and Luxembourg have recently legislated to permit the acquisition of private property rights over celestial resources mined by private actors. Considering these developments, this note will consider an element of the Common Heritage of Mankind under international space law: the equitable sharing of benefits doctrine. It proposes a formulation of the doctrine that entails material and equitable distribution of economic benefits derived from space mining among all States, ensuring that space is utilised in a manner delivering a tangible collective benefit. It suggests that this doctrine presently lacks the preconditions to amount to an international legal principle erga omnes, and therefore considers how it may develop into a binding juridical standard through analysing an existing model of equitable sharing in an analogous context: the deep seabed. Accordingly, this note conceptualises an international legal framework that delivers an effective mechanism for the redistribution of wealth obtained from mining celestial resources, and that will enhance the compliance of States and private actors with principles of equitable sharing.
Comparative study of wild-type and rd10 mice reveals transient intrinsic optical signal response before phosphodiesterase activation in retinal photoreceptors
Authors: Lu Yiming , Kim Tae-Hoon , Yao Xincheng 
Published: December 2019

Transient intrinsic optical signal (IOS) has been observed in stimulus-evoked retinal photoreceptors. This study is to compare IOS changes in wild-type and retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mouse retinas, to evaluate the effect of cyclic guanosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase on photoreceptor-IOS. Time-lapse near-infrared light microscopy was employed to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of the IOS responses in freshly isolated retinas activated by visible light stimulation. Comparative IOS recordings were conducted at postnatal days 14 (P14) and P16. At P14, intrinsic optical signal magnitudes and spatiotemporal dynamics in wild-type and rd10 retinas were similar, indicating that the phosphodiesterase deficiency in rd10 did not affect the formation of photoreceptor-IOS. At P16, IOS magnitude in rd10 significantly decreased compared to that in wild-type, suggesting the IOS sensitivity to the photoreceptor degeneration in rd10. Our experimental results and theoretical analysis indicate that early disc-based stages of the phototransduction cascade before the activation of phosphodiesterase may contribute to the formation of the photoreceptor-IOS responses; and the IOS can be a sensitive biomarker for objective assessment of retinal function. Impact statement Comparative study of wild-type and rd10 mice was implemented to reveal that transient intrinsic optical signal (IOS) was initiated before the phosphodiesterase activation in stimulus-activated photoreceptors and the IOS magnitude was sensitive to photoreceptor degeneration. The photoreceptor-IOS promises a noninvasive biomarker for objective assessment of age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and other eye diseases that can produce photoreceptor dysfunctions.
Association of prevalence of active transport to work and incidence of myocardial infarction: A nationwide ecological study
Authors: Munyombwe Theresa , Lovelace Robin , Green Mark , Norman Paul , Walpole Sarah , Hall Marlous , Timmis Adam , Batin Phil , Brownlee Alistair , Brownlee Jonathan , Oliver Ged , Gale Chris P 
Published: December 2019

Background There is a paucity of population-based geospatial data about the association between active transport and myocardial infarction. We investigated the association between active transport to work and incidence of myocardial infarction. Design This ecological study of 325 local authorities in England included 43,077,039 employed individuals aged 25–74 years (UK Census, 2011), and 117,521 individuals with myocardial infarction (Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, 2011–2013). Methods Bayesian negative binomial regression models were used to investigate the association of active transport to work and incidence of myocardial infarction adjusting for local levels of deprivation, obesity, smoking, diabetes and physical activity. Results In 2011, the prevalence of active transportation to work for people in employment in England aged 25–74 years was 11.4% (4,531,182 active transporters; 8.6% walking and 2.8% cycling). Active transport in 2011 was associated with a reduced incidence of myocardial infarction in 2012 amongst men cycling to work (incidence rate ratio (95% credible interval) 0.983 (0.967–0.999); and women walking to work (0.983 (0.967–0.999)) after full adjustments. However, the prevalence of active transport for men and women was not significantly associated with the combined incidence of myocardial infarction between 2011–2013 after adjusting for physical activity, smoking and diabetes. Conclusions In England, the prevalence of active transportation was associated with a reduced incidence of myocardial infarction for women walking and men cycling to work in corresponding local geographic areas. The overall association of active transport with myocardial infarction was, however, explained by local area levels of smoking, diabetes and physical activity.
Impaired intrinsic functional connectivity between the thalamus and visual cortex in migraine without aura
Authors: Wei Heng-Le , Zhou Xin , Chen Yu-Chen , Yu Yu-Sheng , Guo Xi , Zhou Gang-Ping , Zhou Qing-Qing , Qu Li-Jie , Yin Xindao , Li Junrong , Zhang Hong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has confirmed disrupted visual network connectivity in migraine without aura (MwoA). The thalamus plays a pivotal role in a number of pain conditions, including migraine. However, the significance of altered thalamo-visual functional connectivity (FC) in migraine remains unknown. The goal of this study was to explore thalamo-visual FC integrity in patients with MwoA and investigate its clinical significance.

Methods
Resting-state fMRI data were acquired from 33 patients with MwoA and 22 well-matched healthy controls. After identifying the visual network by independent component analysis, we compared neural activation in the visual network and thalamo-visual FC and assessed whether these changes were linked to clinical characteristics. We used voxel-based morphometry to determine whether functional differences were dependent on structural differences.

Results
The visual network exhibited significant differences in regions (bilateral cunei, right lingual gyrus and left calcarine sulcus) by inter-group comparison. The patients with MwoA showed significantly increased FC between the left thalami and bilateral cunei and between the right thalamus and the contralateral calcarine sulcus and right cuneus. Furthermore, the neural activation of the left calcarine sulcus was positively correlated with visual analogue scale scores (r = 0.319, p = 0.043), and enhanced FC between the left thalamus and right cuneus in migraine patients was negatively correlated with Generalized Anxiety Disorder scores (r = − 0.617, p = 0.005).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that migraine distress is exacerbated by aberrant feedback projections to the visual network, playing a crucial role in migraine physiological mechanisms. The current study provides further insights into the complex scenario of migraine mechanisms.
Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars Dynamics and Enhanced Radio-Frequency Elastomechanical Susceptibility in PNIPAm Hydrogel-KF-doped Barium Titanate Nanoparticle Composites
Authors: Walker Ezekiel , Akishige Yukikuni , Cai Tong , Roberts James , Shepherd Nigel , Wu Shijie , Wang Zhiming , Neogi Arup 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) dynamics and electromagnetic radio-frequency (RF) actuation of the volumetric phase change are investigated in a hybrid polymer composite consisting of hydrogel suspended with high-k nanoparticles. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels were combined with 10% KF-doped barium titanate (Ba0.9 K0.1 TiO2.9F0.1, KBT) nanoparticles with highly anisotropic dielectric properties using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) to form a nanoparticle-hydrogel composite. Whereas the addition of PVA to the synthesis maintains a strong volumetric phase transition with polarization and relaxation features similar to standard bulk PNIPAm, the addition of KBT nanoparticles results in reduced volumetric phase transition and MWS polarization due to charge screening of intramolecular interactions. The added nanoparticles and modified synthesis process enhanced the dielectric permittivity of bulk PNIPAm, increased RF conductivity up to 7×, and decreased the specific heat while still maintaining a discontinuous volumetric phase transition. An RF antenna emitting at 544 kHz was only able to actuate a phase change in the composites with modified synthesis versus bulk PNIPAm. Measured heating rates were 3× greater than that of un-modified PNIPAm.
Quantitative proteome analysis of Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines using SILAC
Authors: Kotowski Ulana , Erović Boban M. , Schnöll Julia , Stanek Victoria , Janik Stefan , Steurer Martin , Mitulović Goran 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumour of the skin with growing incidence. To better understand the biology of this malignant disease, immortalized cell lines are used in research for in vitro experiments. However, a comprehensive quantitative proteome analysis of these cell lines has not been performed so far.

Methods
Stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) was applied to six MCC cell lines (BroLi, MKL-1, MKL-2, PeTa, WaGa, and MCC13). Following tryptic digest of labelled proteins, peptides were analysed by mass spectrometry. Proteome patterns of MCC cell lines were compared to the proteome profile of an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT).

Results
In total, 142 proteins were upregulated and 43 proteins were downregulated. Altered proteins included mitoferrin-1, histone H2A type 1-H, protein-arginine deiminase type-6, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1, protein SLX4IP and clathrin light chain B. Furthermore, several proteins of the histone family and their variants were highly abundant in MCC cell lines.

Conclusions
The results of this study present a new protein map of MCC and provide deeper insights in the biology of MCC. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008181.
A 2-year-old with a hepatic abscess secondary to an ascending retrocecal appendicitis: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Taylor Gregory M. , Saffer Ethan R. , McDowell Eric L. , Warpinski Matthew A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Diagnosing appendicitis within the pediatric population can be challenging, whether it be a neonate with irritability or a toddler with flank pain. Symptoms may mimic a viral illness, constipation, urinary tract infection, or intussusception, all of which are more common in this age group when compared with appendicitis. While a ruptured appendicitis can result in an intra-abdominal abscess, peritonitis, and/or shock, the development of a pyogenic hepatic abscess is extremely rare.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 2-year-old male who initially presented to the emergency department (ED) with fever and non-specific abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). He returned to the ED days later with rigors, worsening abdominal pain, and was diagnosed with a pyogenic hepatic abscess secondary to an ascending retrocecal appendicitis. In our patient, he did not just have a UTI with cultures growing Escherichia coli, but a hepatic abscess that was polymicrobial. He was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics and a 10 French pigtail catheter was placed. The patient was ultimately discharged on day 8 with continued antibiotics. After his antibiotic course, he underwent an elective laparoscopy appendectomy and is currently doing well post-operatively.

Conclusion
Our case report illustrates the significance in identifying atypical features of appendicitis, broadening the differential of non-specific abdominal pain in pediatric patients, and depending on the clinical situation, ruling out other potential intra-abdominal infections even in the presence of a true urinary tract infection.