bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tenuazonic acid from Stemphylium loti inhibits the plant plasma membrane H+‐ATPase by a mechanism involving the C‐terminal regulatory domain
Authors: Bjørk Peter K. , Rasmussen Silas A. , Gjetting Sisse K. , Havshøi Nanna W. , Petersen Thomas Isbrandt , Ipsen Johan Ø. , Larsen Thomas O. , Fuglsang Anja T. 
Published: December 2019

Summary

Pathogenic fungi often target the plant plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase during infection. To identify pathogenic compounds targeting plant H+‐ATPases, we screened extracts from 10 Stemphylium species for their effect on H+‐ATPase activity.

We identified Stemphylium loti extracts as potential H+‐ATPase inhibitors, and through chemical separation and analysis, tenuazonic acid (TeA) as a potent H+‐ATPase inhibitor. By assaying ATP hydrolysis and H+ pumping, we confirmed TeA as a H+‐ATPase inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. To visualize in planta inhibition of the H+‐ATPase, we treated pH‐sensing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings with TeA and quantified apoplastic alkalization.

TeA affected both ATPase hydrolysis and H+ pumping, supporting a direct effect on the H+‐ATPase. We demonstrated apoplastic alkalization of A. thaliana seedlings after short‐term TeA treatment, indicating that TeA effectively inhibits plant PM H+‐ATPase in planta. TeA‐induced inhibition was highly dependent on the regulatory C‐terminal domain of the plant H+‐ATPase.

Stemphylium loti is a phytopathogenic fungus. Inhibiting the plant PM H+‐ATPase results in membrane potential depolarization and eventually necrosis. The corresponding fungal H+‐ATPase, PMA1, is less affected by TeA when comparing native preparations. Fungi are thus able to target an essential plant enzyme without causing self‐toxicity.
Association of anthropometry and weight change with risk of dementia and its major subtypes: A meta‐analysis consisting 2.8 million adults with 57 294 cases of dementia
Authors: Lee Crystal ManYing , Woodward Mark , Batty G. David , Beiser Alexa S. , Bell Steven , Berr Claudine , Bjertness Espen , Chalmers John , Clarke Robert , Dartigues Jean‐Francois , Davis‐Plourde Kendra , Debette Stéphanie , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Feart Catherine , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth , Gregson John , Haan Mary N. , Hassing Linda B. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Hoevenaar‐Blom Marieke P. , Kaprio Jaakko , Kivimaki Mika , Lappas Georgios , Larson Eric B. , LeBlanc Erin S. , Lee Anne , Lui Li‐Yung , Moll van Charante Eric P. , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Nordestgaard Liv Tybjærg , Ohara Tomoyuki , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Palviainen Teemu , Peres Karine , Peters Ruth , Qizilbash Nawab , Richard Edo , Rosengren Annika , Seshadri Sudha , Shipley Martin , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Strand Bjorn Heine , van Gool Willem A. , Vuoksimaa Eero , Yaffe Kristine , Huxley Rachel R. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryUncertainty exists regarding the relation of body size and weight change with dementia risk. As populations continue to age and the global obesity epidemic shows no sign of waning, reliable quantification of such associations is important. We examined the relationship of body mass index, waist circumference, and annual percent weight change with risk of dementia and its subtypes by pooling data from 19 prospective cohort studies and four clinical trials using meta‐analysis. Compared with body mass index–defined lower‐normal weight (18.5‐22.4 kg/m2), the risk of all‐cause dementia was higher among underweight individuals but lower among those with upper‐normal (22.5‐24.9 kg/m2) levels. Obesity was associated with higher risk in vascular dementia. Similarly, relative to the lowest fifth of waist circumference, those in the highest fifth had nonsignificant higher vascular dementia risk. Weight loss was associated with higher all‐cause dementia risk relative to weight maintenance. Weight gain was weakly associated with higher vascular dementia risk. The relationship between body size, weight change, and dementia is complex and exhibits non‐linear associations depending on dementia subtype under scrutiny. Weight loss was associated with an elevated risk most likely due to reverse causality and/or pathophysiological changes in the brain, although the latter remains speculative.
Refinement and preliminary evaluation of two tablet‐based tests of real‐world visual function
Authors: Jones Pete R , Tigchelaar Iris , Demaria Giorgia , Wilson Iain , Bi Wei , Taylor Deanna J , Crabb David P 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo describe, refine, evaluate, and provide normative control data for two freely available tablet‐based tests of real‐world visual function, using a cohort of young, normally‐sighted adults.MethodsFifty young (18–40 years), normally‐sighted adults completed tablet‐based assessments of (1) face discrimination and (2) visual search. Each test was performed twice, to assess test‐retest repeatability. Post‐hoc analyses were performed to determine the number of trials required to obtain stable estimates of performance. Distributions were fitted to the normative data to determine the 99% population‐boundary for normally sighted observers. Participants were also asked to rate their comprehension of each test.ResultsBoth tests provided stable estimates in around 20 trials (~1–4 min), with only a further reduction of 14%–17% in the 95% Coefficient of Repeatability (CoR95) when an additional 40 trials were included. When using only ~20 trials: median durations for the first run of each test were 191 s (Faces) and 51 s (Search); test‐retest CoR95 were 0.27 d (Faces) and 0.84 s (Search); and normative 99% population‐limits were 3.50 d (Faces) and 3.1 s (Search). No participants exhibited any difficulties completing either test (100% completion rate), and ratings of task‐understanding were high (Faces: 9.6 out of 10; Search: 9.7 out of 10).ConclusionsThis preliminary assessment indicated that both tablet‐based tests are able to provide simple, quick, and easy‐to‐administer measures of real‐world visual function in normally‐sighted young adults. Further work is required to assess their accuracy and utility in older people and individuals with visual impairment. Potential applications are discussed, including their use in clinic waiting rooms, and as an objective complement to Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs).
Radical hope in revolting times: Proposing a culturally relevant psychological framework
Authors: Mosley Della V. , Neville Helen A. , Chavez‐Dueñas Nayeli Y. , Adames Hector Y. , Lewis Jioni A. , French Bryana H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGrowing research supports the link between individual expressions of hope and psychological well‐being. In this paper, we draw on psychological theories of hope, racial and ethnic studies, and the literature on radical healing to propose a framework of radical hope. Although the proposed multidimensional framework integrates cultural practices of People of Color in the United States, it is flexible enough to be adapted to other contexts. The paper begins by providing a brief review of the literature that conceptualizes the concept of hope in the field of psychology as a prelude to comparing the concept to the interdisciplinary notion of radical hope. Based on this body of work, we then introduce a culturally relevant psychological framework of radical hope, which includes the components of collective memory as well as faith and agency. Both components require an orientation to one of four directions including individual orientation, collective orientation, past orientation, and future orientation. The framework also consists of pathways individuals can follow to experience radical hope including (a) understanding the history of oppression along with the actions of resistance taken to transform these conditions, (b) embracing ancestral pride, (c) envisioning equitable possibilities, and (d) creating meaning and purpose in life by adopting an orientation to social justice. We conclude with a proposed research agenda for radical hope.
Guideline on Probabilistic Fracture Mechanics Analysis for Japanese Reactor Pressure Vessels
Authors: Katsuyama Jinya , Osakabe Kazuya , Uno Shumpei , Li Yinsheng , Yoshimura Shinobu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In Japan, to prevent nil-ductile fracture of reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) due to neutron irradiation embrittlement, deterministic fracture mechanics evaluation in accordance with the codes provided by the Japan Electric Association is performed for assessing the structural integrity of RPVs under pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events considering neutron irradiation embrittlement. In recent years, a structural integrity assessment methodology based on probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) has been introduced into the regulations in the United States and a few European countries. PFM is a rational methodology for evaluating the failure frequency of important pressure boundary components by considering the probabilistic distributions of various influence factors related to aged degradation due to the long-term operation. In Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), a PFM analysis code called PASCAL has been developed to evaluate the failure frequency of RPVs considering neutron irradiation embrittlement and PTS events. In addition, we have developed a guideline for structural integrity assessment of RPVs based on PFM to improve the applicability of PFM in Japan and enable persons who have knowledge on fracture mechanics to perform PFM analyses and evaluate through-wall cracking frequency (TWCF) of RPVs easily. The guideline consists of a main body, explanation, and several supplements. The technical basis for PFM analysis is provided, and the latest knowledge is included in the guideline. In this paper, an overview of the guideline and some typical analysis results obtained based on the guideline and the Japanese database related to PTS evaluation are presented.
Effects of Visually Augmented Gait Training on Foot-Ground Clearance: An Intervention to Reduce Tripping-Related Falls
Authors: Straaten Rob van der , Tirosh Oren , Sparrow William A. (Tony) , Begg Rezaul 
Published: January 2020

Minimum toe clearance (MTC ∼10–30 mm) is a hazardous mid-swing gait event, characterized by high-foot velocity (∼4.60 m·s−1) and single-foot support. This experiment tested treadmill-based gait training effects on MTC. Participants were 10 young (4 males and 6 females) and 10 older (6 males and 4 females) healthy ambulant individuals. The mean age, stature, and body mass for the younger group was 23 (2) years, 1.72 (0.10) m, and 67.5 (8.3) kg, and for older adults was 77 (9) years, 1.64 (0.10) m, and 71.1 (12.2) kg. Ten minutes of preferred speed treadmill walking (baseline) was followed by 20 minutes with MTC information (feedback) and 10 minutes without feedback (retention). There were no aging effects on MTC in baseline or feedback. The MTC in baseline for older adults was 14.2 (3.5) mm and feedback 27.5 (8.7) mm, and for the younger group, baseline was 12.7 (2.6) mm and feedback 28.8 (5.1) mm, respectively. Retention MTC was significantly higher for both groups, indicating a positive effect of augmented information: younger 40.8 (7.3) mm and older 27.7 (13.6) mm. Retention joint angles relative to baseline indicated that the young modulated joint angles control MTC differently using increased ankle dorsiflexion at toe off and modulating knee and hip angles later in swing closer to MTC.
GLUTAMIC DECARBOXYLASE OF ERGOT,
CLAVICEPS PURPUREA
Authors: Anderson John A. , Cheldelin Vernon H. , King Tsoo E. 
Published: January 2020

Anderson, John
A. (Oregon State University, Corvallis),
Vernon H. Cheldelin, and Tsoo E. King
. Glutamic decarboxylase of ergot,
Claviceps purpurea
. J. Bacteriol.
82:
354–358. 1961.—
l
-Glutamic acid is the only naturally occurring amino acid which can be decarboxylated by cell-free extracts of
Claviceps purpurea
. This decarboxylase was partially purified and the properties of the enzyme studied.

The specific activity of the purified preparation was 111 μliters per 10 min per mg of protein. The products formed, stability, inhibition, stimulation of activity with pyridoxal phosphate, and pH activity curve were typical of
l
-glutamic decarboxylase in
Escherichia coli
and other microorganisms.

The substrate constants at pH 4.6, 5.25, and 5.65 were 0.0169
m
, 0.0174
m
, and 0.0139
m
, respectively. The respective maximal velocities at these pH values were 104, 104, and 90 μliters per 10 min.

The pH optimum was 4.8 to 5.2. The enzyme was unstable below pH 4.5 and it was suggested that the fall in activity at the lower end of the pH curve was due to inactivation of the enzyme.
The decrease in activity above pH 5.2 did not appear to be due to a change in affinity of enzyme for substrate but to a change of the enzyme-substrate complex into an inactive form.
ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISMS FROM TISSUE CELL CULTURES AND THE HUMAN GENITAL AREA
Authors: Bailey Jack S. , Clark Harold W. , Felts William R. , Fowler Richard C. , Brown Thomas McP. 
Published: January 2020

Bailey, JackS. (George Washington University, Washington, D. C.),Harold W. Clark, William R. Felts, Richard C. Fowler, and Thomas McP. Brown. Antigenic properties of pleuropneumonia-like organisms from tissue cell cultures and the human genital area. J. Bacteriol.82:542–547. 1961.—Antigens were prepared from several tissue culture and human genital strains of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) by a method utilizing continuous agitation of the incubating cultures. Antisera were produced in rabbits by intravenous injection of suspensions of these organisms standardized turbidimetrically. The antigenic properties of the selected strains were compared by agglutination techniques supplemented by a test based upon the inhibition of growth of PPLO by specific antisera.The majority of tissue culture strains of PPLO studied, including contaminants from several HeLa cell lines, appeared to be antigenically similar to the human type 1 strains. However, one strain (Sp-1) from a HeLa cell line was found to be related to the human type 2 PPLO.
ULTRAVIOLET MICROSCOPY OF BUDDING
SACCHAROMYCES
Authors: McClary Dan O. , Bowers Wilbert D. , Miller Glendon R. 
Published: January 2020

McClary, Dan
O. (Southern Illinois University, Carbondale),
Wilbert D. Bowers, Jr., and Glendon R. Miller
. Ultraviolet microscopy of budding
Saccharomyces
. J. Bacteriol.
83:
276–283. 1962.—Synchronous cell division was obtained in
Saccharomyces
by transferring starved cells into nutrient medium. Ultraviolet microscopy and Giemsa-stained preparations of these cells showed nuclear division to occur in the mother cell early in the budding process. The divided nucleus passed into the neck between the mother cell and the bud, and either fused together again or the two parts became so closely associated that one continuous dumbbell-shaped body was seen which seemed to divide by constriction. This effect was probably due to the retention of the intact nuclear membrane until nuclear division was otherwise complete.

The nuclear apparatus lies outside the vacuole. The extent to which these bodies function together cannot be determined by the techniques employed in this work.
Parallel experiments on meristematic cells of onion root tips show the reliability of these cytological methods.
DEGRADATION OF PYRUVATE BY
MICROCOCCUS LACTILYTICUS
I
Authors: McCormick N. G. , Ordal E. J. , Whiteley H. R. 
Published: January 2020

McCormick
, N. G. (University of Washington, Seattle), E. J.
Ordal, and H. R. Whiteley
. Degradation of pyruvate by
Micrococcus lactilyticus
. I. General properties of the formate-exchange reaction (J. Bacteriol.
83:
887–898. 1962.—At an alkaline pH, extracts of
Micrococcus lactilyticus
2
catalyze the phosphoroclastic degradation of pyruvate to formate and acetyl phosphate and the rapid exchange of formate into the carboxyl group of pyruvate. At an acid pH, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and acetyl phosphate are produced, and carbon dioxide is exchanged into the carboxyl group of pyruvate. A concentration of approximately 1
m
phosphate is required for the phosphoroclastic reaction and formate exchange; the production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is greatly inhibited by high concentrations of phosphate. Formate exchange requires a divalent metal ion and is stimulated by reducing agents and an atmosphere of hydrogen. Inhibition by
p
-chloromercuribenzoate, Zn
++
, Cd
++
, and arsenite indicates that sulfhydryl groups on the enzyme are involved in the reaction; the inhibition by arsenite and Cd
++
may be relieved by 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, suggesting that vicinal dithiols may be required. Inhibition by hypophosphite may reflect a competition with formate for a site on the enzyme.

At an alkaline pH, α-ketobutyrate is degraded to propionate and formate, whereas α-ketoglutarate is fermented to succinate, propionate, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and formate. Formate is exchanged into the carboxyl groups of α-ketobutyrate and α-ketoglutarate under these conditions. Only traces of α-ketovalerate and α-ketoisovalerate are fermented at an alkaline pH and the exchange of formate into these compounds is very low.
The addition of viologen dyes under the conditions used for formate exchange causes a reduction of pyruvate, α-ketobutyrate, α-ketovalerate, and α-ketoisovalerate to the corresponding α-hydroxy acids.
Gut dysbiosis induces the development of pre-eclampsia through bacterial translocation
Authors: Chen Xia , Li Pan , Liu Mian , Zheng Huimin , He Yan , Chen Mu-Xuan , Tang Wenli , Yue Xiaojing , Huang Yongxin , Zhuang Lingling , Wang Zhijian , Zhong Mei , Ke Guibao , Hu Haoyue , Feng Yinglin , Chen Yun , Yu Yanhong , Zhou Hongwei , Huang Liping 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivePre-eclampsia (PE) is one of the malignant metabolic diseases that complicate pregnancy. Gut dysbiosis has been identified for causing metabolic diseases, but the role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of PE remains unknown.DesignWe performed a case–control study to compare the faecal microbiome of PE and normotensive pregnant women by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. To address the causative relationship between gut dysbiosis and PE, we used faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in an antibiotic-treated mouse model. Finally, we determined the microbiome translocation and immune responses in human and mouse placental samples by 16S rRNA sequencing, quantitative PCR and in situ hybridisation.ResultsPatients with PE showed reduced bacterial diversity with obvious dysbiosis. Opportunistic pathogens, particularlyFusobacteriumandVeillonella, were enriched, whereas beneficial bacteria, includingFaecalibacteriumandAkkermansia, were markedly depleted in the PE group. The abundances of these discriminative bacteria were correlated with blood pressure (BP), proteinuria, aminotransferase and creatinine levels. On successful colonisation, the gut microbiome from patients with PE triggered a dramatic, increased pregestational BP of recipient mice, which further increased after gestation. In addition, the PE-transplanted group showed increased proteinuria, embryonic resorption and lower fetal and placental weights. Their T regulatory/helper-17 balance in the small intestine and spleen was disturbed with more severe intestinal leakage. In the placenta of both patients with PE and PE-FMT mice, the total bacteria,Fusobacterium, and inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly increased.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the gut microbiome of patients with PE is dysbiotic and contributes to disease pathogenesis.
A 96 GeV Higgs boson in the N2HDM
Authors: Biekötter T. , Chakraborti M. , Heinemeyer S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe discuss a $$\sim 3\,\sigma $$∼3σ signal (local) in the light Higgs-boson search in the diphoton decay mode at $$\sim 96 \,\, \mathrm {GeV}$$∼96GeV as reported by CMS, together with a $$\sim 2\,\sigma $$∼2σ excess (local) in the $$b {{\bar{b}}}$$bb¯ final state at LEP in the same mass range. We interpret this possible signal as a Higgs boson in the 2 Higgs Doublet Model with an additional real Higgs singlet (N2HDM). We find that the lightest Higgs boson of the N2HDM can perfectly fit both excesses simultaneously, while the second lightest state is in full agreement with the Higgs-boson measurements at $$125 \,\, \mathrm {GeV}$$125GeV, and the full Higgs-boson sector is in agreement with all Higgs exclusion bounds from LEP, the Tevatron and the LHC as well as other theoretical and experimental constraints. We show that only the N2HDM type II and IV can fit both the LEP excess and the CMS excess with a large ggF production component at $$\sim 96 \,\, \mathrm {GeV}$$∼96GeV. We derive bounds on the N2HDM Higgs sector from a fit to both excesses and describe how this signal can be further analyzed at the LHC and at future $$e^+e^-$$e+e- colliders, such as the ILC.
A comparative study of nonlinear circle criterion based observer and H∞ observer for induction motor drive
Authors: Berrezzek Farid , Bourbia Wafa , Bensaker Bachir 
Published: December 2019

<span lang="EN-US">This paper deals with a comparative study of circle criterion based nonlinear observer<em> </em>and <em>H<sub>∞</sub></em> observer for induction motor (IM) drive. The advantage of the circle criterion approach for nonlinear observer design is that it directly handles the nonlinearities of the system with less restriction conditions in contrast of the other methods which attempt to eliminate them. However the <em>H<sub>∞</sub></em> observer guaranteed the stability taking into account disturbance and noise attenuation. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization approach is used to compute the gains matrices for the two observers. The simulation results show the superiority of <em>H<sub>∞</sub></em> observer in the sense that it can achieve convergence to the true state, despite the nonlinearity of model and the presence of disturbance.</span>
A high voltage direct current transmission system : natural and selective harmonic cancellation
Authors: Benaboud Aziza , Rufer Alfred 
Published: December 2019

<p class="AbsKeyBibli"><span lang="EN-US">This study focused on the special High Voltage Direct Current technology. The context is given by combining two original solutions; the first solution, using a natural harmonic cancellation, consists to connect in series two classical frequency inverters which are coupled to the grid through a specific transformer connection. On the other hand, the second solution is achieved by using three, five or more level converters in square wave modulation, in order to eliminate some selective harmonics by optimizing a switching angle. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed High Voltage Direct Current transmission systems offer high efficiency, unity power factor and better current and voltage quality with fewer harmonic.</span></p>