bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gram Negative Bacteria Associated with Spoilage of Tomatoes Sold at Mararaba and Masaka Market, New Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State
Authors: Olokun A. L. , Ajide A. B. , Ihuma J. O. 
Published: November 2019

Aims: The study is aimed at isolating and identifying the gram negative bacteria associated with spoilage of tomatoes at Mararaba and Masaka markets, New Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study to isolate gram negative bacteria associated with spoilage of tomatoes at Mararaba and Masaka markets, New Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State.
Place and Duration of Study: The isolation of gram negative bacteria was carried out at the Department of Biological Sciences, Bingham University New Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, between January, 2018 and September, 2018.
Methodology: The samples collected were crushed with a sterile mortar and pestle after which tenfold serial dilution was carried out using sterile distilled water before inoculating on MaCconkey and Blood agar using the pour plate technique. Colonies were then subjected to gram staining and biochemical test.
Results: From the result of the biochemical test, Salmonella spp, Esherichia coli spp, Klebsiella spp and vibrio spp. were the gram-negative bacteria isolated from the tomato samples collected at both markets.
Conclusion: Tomatoes sold in an unclean environment that is contamination with food- borne pathogenic bacteria poses a risk to the consumers.
Antifungal Effects of Combined Extracts of Euphorbia abyssinica and Coleus Species
Authors: Ebob Tarh, Jacqueline , Okon Ekong, Mercy , Ukwuoma Iroegbu, Christian 
Published: November 2019

Although, different plant extracts have frequently been used singly and in combinations in folklore treatment of different ailments, the hidden truth behind their activity and efficacy is still to be fully scientifically established.
Aim: To evaluate the effects of combined 50% methanol extracts of Euphorbia abyssinica (Desert Candle), and Coleus sp. on Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum and Epidermophyton floccossum.
Study Design: The completely randomised block design, two-way analysis of variance was used to analyse the data and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test, for mean separation.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, between April 2011 and August 2012.
Methodology: All the fungal strains used in the research were collected from the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. Susceptibility testing was done using a pour-plate method, while the checkerboard and Time-kill assays were employed to evaluate the efficacy of the different combinations of the two plant extracts.
Results: The individual plant extracts inhibited all the fungal strains tested at different concentrations; but Coleus sp. extracts were observed to be more active than Euphorbia abyssinica extracts. The extract combinations inhibited the test fungi for more than two weeks. In the Time Kill assay, the combinations showed synergy on E. Floccossum only. It showed additive or antagonistic activity on the rest of the fungi tested. The Checkerboard combinations showed synergy on T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum, and E. foccossum. Epidermophyton foccosum was the most susceptible among the fungi tested while C. albicans was the least susceptible. The control drug voriconazole also inhibited all the fungi tested. Significant antifungal activity (P=0.05) was observed in the checkerboard assay more than in the Time Kill assay.
Conclusion: These findings simply authenticate some of the folklore claims that these plants have a wide range of curative uses, suggesting that they can be used as alternative sources of agents for the treatment of resistant fungal infections.
Risk Factors and Microbiological Control of Soils, Surfaces and Medical-technical Equipment at the Abomey-Calavi / So-Ava University Hospital Center, Benin
Authors: Socohou Akim , Sina Haziz , Degbey Cyriaque C. , Ahouandjinou Helène , Gounou-Kora Houssenatou , Baba-Moussa Farid , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Baba-Moussa Lamine 
Published: November 2019

Aims: The aim of our work was, on the one hand, to evaluate the risk factors for infectious contamination in hospital environments and, on the other hand, to carry out a microbiological control of surfaces at the Abomey-Calavi / So-Ava hospital in Benin.
Methodology: The risk factors were evaluated using structured interviews based on the questionnaire. Fifty-five health care workers were surveyed and the questionnaire focused on: i) knowledge of care-associated infections and risk factors, ii) services most affected by care-associated infections and iii) origin of care-associated infections. For the microbial quality control of medical surfaces and materials, samples were collected by the dry swab method and the microbial isolation was carried out on Chapman and EMB agar plates. The biochemical analyses were carried out for the confirmations.
Results: Out of 55 respondents, the 93% think that bacterial germs are often involved in care-associated infections. In addition, 80% of respondents believe that the healthcare environment may be the source of care-associated infections. Regarding the microbiological quality of the surfaces, out of 96 samples collected, 77% were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp and 30% with Enterobacteria. Concerning units’ contamination, the highest prevalence was observed in paediatrics with 92% of samples contaminated with Staphylococcus spp followed by the operating theatre (87%).
Conclusion: It is clear from our work that hygiene managers must carry out preventive and corrective actions for the respect of the principles of hygiene. It would also be important to conduct regular microbiological monitoring of surfaces to identify any contamination.
Prevalence of Fascioliasis and Dicrocoeliasis in Cattle Slaughtered in Some Abattoirs in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Dada E. O. , Jegede S. O. 
Published: November 2019

The study was carried out in March-May 2019 to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis and dicrocoeliasis in cattle slaughtered in parts of Akure abattoir, Ondo State, Nigeria. Two hundred (200) bile samples from cattle were collected from both male and female cattle. The parasitological analysis of the bile sample was carried out by sedimentation technique. Prevalence of Fasciola gigantica was (50.5%) for Dicrocoelium hospes was 16.0% and double infections accounted for (5.5%). Prevalence of Fasciola gigantica infections was high in female cattle (57.7%) compared to their male counterparts (38.9%). For Dicrocoelium hospes, the infection was higher in male (18.2%) than in the female (14.6%) while the prevalence of double infections was higher in males (7.8%) than in the females (4.07). The high infection rate for Fasciola gigantica (84.0%) and Dicrocoelium hospes (62.0%) was found to be high at Busa abattoir. Double infection was observed to be high at Oke-Odu abattoir (10%) than in other abattoirs while no infection was observed at Bola meat abattoir. Overall age prevalence of fascioliasis and dicrocoeliasis (82.8%) was within the age bracket of 9-10yrs while the least infection (54.2%) fall within the age bracket of 7-8yrs. Prevalence of fascioliasis and dicrocoeliasis in Sannia breed was 90.2% followed by the Ambala breed (84.0%) while the least was 31.2% in the White Fulani breed. This study which revealed a high prevalence of fascioliasis and dicrocoeliasis among cattle slaughtered in the studied abattoir possesses a threat to healthy livestock productions and it is significant public health importance. Adequate measures to improving the veterinary services are needed to put in place to reduce the economic losses accruing to these infections.
A CO2‐Tolerant Perovskite Oxide with High Oxide Ion and Electronic Conductivity
Authors: Li Ming , Niu Hongjun , Druce John , Téllez Helena , Ishihara Tatsumi , Kilner John A. , Gasparyan Hripsime , Pitcher Michael J. , Xu Wen , Shin J. Felix , Daniels Luke M. , Jones Leanne A. H. , Dhanak Vin R. , Hu Dingyue , Zanella Marco , Claridge John B. , Rosseinsky Matthew J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMixed ionic–electronic conductors (MIECs) that display high oxide ion conductivity (σo) and electronic conductivity (σe) constitute an important family of electrocatalysts for a variety of applications including fuel cells and oxygen separation membranes. Often MIECs exhibit sufficient σe but inadequate σo. It has been a long‐standing challenge to develop MIECs with both high σo and stability under device operation conditions. For example, the well‐known perovskite oxide Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) exhibits exceptional σo and electrocatalytic activity. The reactivity of BSCF with CO2, however, limits its use in practical applications. Here, the perovskite oxide Bi0.15Sr0.85Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BiSCF) is shown to exhibit not only exceptional bulk transport properties, with a σo among the highest for known MIECs, but also high CO2 tolerance. When used as an oxygen separation membrane, BiSCF displays high oxygen permeability comparable to that of BSCF and much higher stability under CO2. The combination of high oxide transport properties and CO2 tolerance in a single‐phase MIEC gives BiSCF a significant advantage over existing MIECs for practical applications.
Research Direction toward Scalable, Stable, and High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Park Nam‐Gyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiscovery of the 9.7% efficiency, 500 h stable solid‐state perovskite solar cell (PSC) in 2012 triggered off a wave of perovskite photovoltaics. As a result, a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% was recorded in 2019. Publications on PSCs have increased exponentially since 2012 and the total number of publications reached over 13 200 as of August 2019. PCE has improved by developing device structures from mesoscopic sensitization to planar p‐i‐n (or n‐i‐p) junction and by changing composition from MAPbI3 to FAPbI3‐based mixed cations and/or mixed anion perovskites. Long‐term stability has been significantly improved by interfacial engineering with hydrophobic materials or the 2D/3D concept. Although small area cells exhibit superb efficiency, scale‐up technology is required toward commercialization. In this review, research direction toward large‐area, stable, high efficiency PSCs is emphasized. For large‐area perovskite coating, a precursor solution is equally important as coating methods. Precursor engineering and formulation of the precursor solution are described. For hysteresis‐less, stable, and higher efficiency PSCs, interfacial engineering is one of the best ways as defects can be effectively passivated and thereby nonradiative recombination is efficiently reduced. Methodologies are introduced to minimize interfacial and grain boundary recombination.
Gas injection in a yield stress fluid
Authors: Hojeij Ali , Jossic Laurent , Magnin Albert , Blésès Didier , Hattou Stéphane 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMixing of viscous non‐Newtonian fluids plays an important role in many industrial processes (wastewater treatment, methanization, etc.). In some cases, mixing by gas injection can be more interesting than mechanical mixing. The present study focuses on the gas injection in yield stress fluids. The influence of the air flow rate, fluid rheological properties, and geometrical configuration on an air jet impinging the bottom wall of a tank containing a yield stress fluid has been considered. Focus has been placed on the air cavity present at the injection point. The trends of two key parameters of the cavity have been characterized: its maximum diameter and frequency detachment. Correlations based on the characteristic dimensionless numbers governing the flow have been derived. These correlations show that the apparent viscosity has an effect on the cavity's frequency but a low influence on its diameter which is mainly governed by the air flow inertia.
Probing Sialidases or Siglecs with Sialic Acid Analogues, Clusters and Precursors
Authors: Liu Guang‐jian , Jia Li‐yan , Xing Guo‐wen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSialic acids have recently gathered interests of many researchers. Sialidases and Siglecs are two important sialic acids‐related proteins that exist in biological systems, and aberrant sialoside‐Siglec or sialoside‐sialidase interactions are associated with many diseases, including autoimmunity, infection and cancer. Probing sialidase and Siglec effectively can enable the studies on the complex physiological functions of sialic acids. Over the last few decades, many sialic acid derivatives with modifications of parent skeleton and aglycon have been designed to increase the binding affinity with sialidase/Siglec or improve their detection efficiency. At the same time, in‐situ detection has also been aided by metabolic oligosaccharide engineering, in which incubating cells with sialic acid precursors could result in unnatural sialylated glycans incorporated into cellular membrane. In this minireview, we will predominantly highlight the development of sialidase and Siglec probing strategies using sialic acid analogues, clusters and precursors, which may further lay foundation for new diagnostics and treatments.
Tunable Optical Hooks in the Visible Band Based on Ultra‐Thin Metalenses
Authors: Ma Xiaoliang , Guo Yinghui , Pu Mingbo , Jin JinJin , Gao Ping , Li Xiong , Luo Xiangang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOptical hook, a kind of curved high‐intensity light beam, has aroused tremendous interests during the past several years, and its experimental observation has been reported in the terahertz band. The existing approaches to generate such beams depend on the effect of “curved photonic nanojet” stemming from transparent and symmetry breaking high‐index dielectric slab, and thus are restricted by the limited material selection, large device footprint, and fixed trajectory. Herein, the generation of photonic hooks in the visible band based on ultra‐thin metalenses is reported. The strategy can overcome the limitations mentioned above and the photonic hook can be easily tuned by changing the incidence angle or wavelength. Such flexibility is likely to widen the future applications of such unique beam in particle trapping, optical tweezers, and superresolution imaging.
meso‐Diketopyripentaphyrin and Diketopyrihexaphyrin as Macrocyclic Tripyrrinone Ligands for NiII Ions
Authors: Mori Daiki , Yoneda Tomoki , Suzuki Masaaki , Hoshino Tyuji , Neya Saburo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report expanded porphyrins with pyridine rings and two neighboring carbonyl groups, which allow NiII ions to coordinate to the tripyrrinone‐type NNNO coordination structure with Ni−O bonds. The selectivity of tripyrrinone is superior to other pyrrolic or pyridinic cavities of expanded porphyrins. Introduction of α‐carbonyl pyridine next to the tripyrrolic conjugated structure is a powerful strategy for regioselective metalation of flexible expanded porphyrinoids.
Multifaceted Influences of Melanin‐Like Particles on Amyloid‐beta Aggregation
Authors: Song Haeun , Kim Yoonyoung , Kim Inkyu , Kim Young‐Kwan , Kwon Sunbum , Kang Kyungtae 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe properties of eumelanin‐like particles (EMPs) and pheomelanin‐like particles (PMPs) in regulating the process of amyloid formation of amyloid‐beta 42 (Aβ42) were examined. EMPs and PMPs are effective both in interfering with amyloid aggregation of Aβ42 and in remodeling matured Αβ42 fibers. The results suggest that some (but not all) molecular species consisting of melanin‐like particles (MPs) are responsible for their inhibiting property toward amyloid formation, and the influence is likely manifested by long‐range interactions. Incubating preformed Aβ42 fibers with catechols or MPs leads to the formation of mesh‐like, interconnected Aβ42 fibers encapsulated with melanin‐like material. MPs are kinetically more effective than catechol monomers in this process, and a detailed investigation reveals that 4,5‐dihydroxyindole, a major intermediate in the formation of melanin‐like species, and its derivatives are mainly responsible for remodeling amyloid fibers.
Exploring the compatibility mechanism of ShengDiHuang Decoction based on the in situ single‐pass intestinal perfusion model
Authors: Yang Hui , Hao Qi , Cheng Jiangxue , Wang Mei , Zou Junbo , Zhang Xiaofei , Guo Dongyan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAffecting the absorption of active ingredients in the intestine serves as one of the important compatibility mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the compatibility mechanism of ShengDiHuang Decoction (SDHD) by using the single‐pass intestinal perfusion in situ model. The major effective ingredients, catalpol, aucubin, acteoside, rehmannioside D, rehmannioside A, rhein, aloe emodin, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion, were determined by HPLC. By analysing the effects of different concentrations, different pH, intestinal segments, protein inhibitors, and tight junction regulators on SDHD absorption, it was found that catalpol, aucubin, rehmannioside D, rehmannioside A, acteoside, rhein, and chrysophanol may undergo active transport, while aloe‐emodin and emodin may undergo passive transport. Catalpol, aucubin, and rehmannioside D may be substrates of BCRP and MRP2, while rehmannioside A and rhein may be substrates of BCRP, and acteoside and chrysophanol may be substrates of P‐gp, BCRP and MRP2. By comparing the Papp values of the major effective ingredients between single herb and herb‐pairs, the compatibility of rehmannia and rheum could significantly promote the absorption of components in rehmannia. It is verified that rheum has a synergistic effect on the absorption of rehmannia in SDHD.
Druckfestigkeit von Lochfeldern aus Normalbeton unter einachsiger Kurzzeitbeanspruchung
Authors: Huber Christoph , Eilbracht Gert , Sobek Werner 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich die Probekörperfestigkeit (Druckfestigkeit und E‐Modul) einer Scheibe aus Normalbeton infolge von eingebrachten Löchern (Porosität) und den sich dadurch ergebenden Lochfeldern verändert. Die Ergebnisse aus Versuchen und FE‐Analyse (nichtlineares Materialgesetz) werden in einem Diagramm dargestellt, das die Druckfestigkeit im Verhältnis zur Porosität bzw. zur Anzahl der Löcher abbildet.
Simultaneous determination of thirteen substances related to NAFLD in mouse brain tissue using 3‐aminobutyric acid as internal standard by HPLC–FLD
Authors: Liu Yong‐hong , Du Ting‐ting , Wan Jing‐yuan , Zhao Hua , Huang Dan , Li Jian‐sha , Jiang Xin‐hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDisorders of certain branched‐chain amino acids may be associated with the occurrence and development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. Measurement of related branched‐chain amino acid levels could provide a reference for the clinical and scientific research of the non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. An established HPLC–FLD method was used to quantify aspartic acid, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, taurine, tyrosine, 4‐amino butanoic acid, tryptophan, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and leucine in mouse brain tissue. Brain tissue samples mixed with internal standard (3‐aminobutyric acid) were processed, then derivatized with 2‐O‐phthaldialdehyde, and finally separated on an ODS2 column through gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 ml·min−1. The excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 340 and 455 nm, respectively. The mobile phase A was 100% methanol and the mobile phase B consisted of 30 mmol·L−1 sodium acetate (pH 6.8). The injection volume was 20 μl and the single run time was 45 min. Several parameters, accuracy, precision, and stability, were verified and the results showed the established method had good sensitivity and resolution for all of the 13 compounds and internal standard in mouse brain.
Coloniser control and the art of disremembering a “dark history”: Duality in Australia Day and Australian history
Authors: Lipscombe Tamara A. , Dzidic Peta L. , Garvey Darren C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOften, colonisation is considered a single, past event; in actuality, colonisation is a continual enculturating practice that galvanises historical Indigenous inequality and colonial privilege. This study deconstructs social tension surround Australia Day—the national day of celebration that for some is seen as the date marking the beginning of Australia but for others marks invasion. Given that the date of celebration marks the beginning of non‐Indigenous privilege and Indigenous disadvantage in Australia, debate exists as to whether the date should remain the same. Twelve people, self‐identified as wanting the date of Australia Day to stay the same, participated in semistructured interviews; transcripts were analysed using causal layered analysis. Findings suggest an unstable national identity centred on a denial of past and present oppression of Indigenous peoples—the past is conceptualised as having little relevance to present‐day Indigenous inequalities. Findings generated appear transferable to understanding social tensions that arise in colonised states globally, particularly relating to Indigenous inequalities and colonist privilege. Exploring Australia Day acts as a conduit for understanding how social psychological barriers occur to deny historical and present social injustices and positively constructs oppression within colonist states.
Tools for Trans Inclusiveness in the Community College Setting: A Look at City College of San Francisco
Authors: Haefele‐Thomas Ardel , Hansen Breana Bahar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter explores the work to dismantle cissexism and trans discrimination through LGBT studies and the work of student groups at the City College of San Francisco, with particular emphasis on sustainable and successful practices that can be implemented within a variety of institutional contexts.
Two decades after coronary radiation therapy: A single center longitudinal clinical study
Authors: Radhoe Sumant P. , Schuurman Anne‐Sophie , Ligthart Jurgen M. , Witberg Karen , de Jaegere Peter P. T. , van Domburg Ron T. , Regar Evelyn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the very long‐term clinical outcome after radioactive stent (RS) implantation and intracoronary β radiation brachytherapy (IRBT).BackgroundRadioactive stents (RS) and intracoronary β radiation brachytherapy (IRBT) were introduced to prevent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Both techniques were associated with a higher incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in the short and intermediate‐term follow up as compared to conventional PCI.MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐three patients received radioactive stents (32P) and 301 patients were treated with IRBT adjunctive to PCI. These groups were propensity matched to respectively 266 and 602 control patients who were treated with routine PCI during the same inclusion period. Endpoints were all‐cause mortality and MACE, defined as all‐cause death, any myocardial infarction or any revascularization.ResultsMedian follow‐up duration was 17 years. All‐cause mortality rates were similar in all groups. Adjusted hazard ratios for MACE and mortality in the RS cohort were 1.55 (95% CI 1.20–2.00) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.63–1.34), respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios for MACE and all‐cause mortality in the IRBT cohort were 1.41 (95% CI 1.18–1.67) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.74–1.21), respectively. The difference in MACE rates was predominantly driven by coronary revascularizations in both groups, with a higher MI rate in the IRBT group as well.ConclusionsCoronary radiation therapy was associated with early increased MACE rates, but the difference in MACE rates decreased beyond 2 years, resulting in a comparable long‐term clinical outcome. Importantly, no excess in mortality was observed.