bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid poxvirus engineering using CRISPR/Cas9 as a selection tool
Authors: Gowripalan Anjali , Smith Stewart , Stefanovic Tijana , Tscharke David C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn standard uses of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the cutting of genomes and their efficient repair are considered to go hand-in-hand to achieve desired genetic changes. This includes the current approach for engineering genomes of large dsDNA viruses. However, for poxviruses we show that Cas9-guide RNA complexes cut viral genomes soon after their entry into cells, but repair of these breaks is inefficient. As a result, Cas9 targeting makes only modest, if any, improvements to basal rates of homologous recombination between repair constructs and poxvirus genomes. Instead, Cas9 cleavage leads to inhibition of poxvirus DNA replication thereby suppressing virus spread in culture. This unexpected outcome allows Cas9 to be used as a powerful tool for selecting conventionally generated poxvirus recombinants, which are otherwise impossible to separate from a large background of parental virus without the use of marker genes. This application of CRISPR/Cas9 greatly speeds up the generation of poxvirus-based vaccines, making this platform considerably more attractive in the context of personalised cancer vaccines and emerging disease outbreaks.
A thermal fluid dynamics framework applied to multi-component substrates experiencing fusion and vaporisation state transitions
Authors: Flint Thomas F. , Scotti Lucia , Basoalto Hector C. , Smith Michael C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe fluid dynamics of multi-component alloy systems subjected to high energy density sources of heat largely determines the local composition, microstructure, and material properties. In this work a multi-component thermal fluid dynamics framework is presented for the prediction of alloy system development due to melting, vaporisation, condensation and solidification phenomena. A volume dilation term is introduced into the continuity equation to account for the density jump between liquid and vapour species, conserving mass through vaporisation and condensation state changes. Mass diffusion, surface tension, the temperature dependence of surface tension, buoyancy terms and latent heat effects are incorporated. The framework is applied to describe binary vapour collapse into a heterogeneous binary liquid, and a high energy density power beam joining application; where a rigorous mathematical description of preferential element evaporation is presented.
Involvement of Nrf2 and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in trehalose protection against cadmium-induced kidney injury
Authors: Fan Rui-Feng , Li Zi-Fa , Zhang Dong , Wang Zhen-Yong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) poisoning is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction in organisms, and the kidney is the main target organ of Cd toxicity. Trehalose (Tr), a multifunctional bioactive disaccharide, possesses potential kidney protective properties. Nevertheless, the specific biological function of Tr in antagonizing kidney injury induced by Cd remains to be elucidated. Herein, an in vivo model of Tr antagonizing Cd nephrotoxicity was established and the indictors related to kidney function, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were detected to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the Tr-protection against Cd-induced kidney injury of rats. Firstly, Tr significantly declined the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine, and partially restored renal pathological changes caused by Cd. Secondly, Cd exposure significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and decreased the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in serum. However, Tr significantly ameliorated these abnormal alterations. Moreover, Tr regulated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway to suppress the Cd-induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD (P) H quinone reductase-1 (NQO1). Meanwhile, Tr significantly reversed the increased Sequestosome-1(SQSTM1/p62) and decreased Kelch-like ECH associated protein-1 (Keap1) protein levels induced by Cd. Thirdly, further mechanistic exploration suggested that Tr inhibited the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway induced by Cd. Collectively, the results indicated that Tr exerts antioxidant and anti-apoptosis functions involving the Nrf2 and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathways to protect against Cd-induced kidney injury in rats.
Prognostic value of the post-operative red blood cell distribution width in patients with rectal cancer with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery
Authors: Ren Yingkun , Wang Zhiling , Xie Jianguo , Wang Peijun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purposes: Several studies have reported that elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) is related to poor prognosis in several cancers; however, the prognostic significance of perioperative RDW in patients with rectal cancer that received neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NACRT) is unclear.
Methods: A total of 120 patients with rectal cancer who received NACRT followed surgery were retrospectively reviewed from Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 2013 and 2015. Data for peripheral blood tests prior to the initiation of NACRT, before surgery and first chemotherapy after surgery were collected, respectively. The optimal cutoff values of RDW were determined by ROC analysis, respectively. The relationship between RDW and the prognosis of patients was evaluated by the Kaplan Meier method, respectively.
Results: The post-operative RDWHigh patients had significantly worse 5-year overall survival (OS, P=0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS, P&lt;0.001) than the post-operative RDWLow patients, respectively. Whereas high pre-operative RDW was the only marker correlated with worse DFS (P=0.005) than the pre-operative RDWLow patients, no relationship was found between pre-RDW and prognosis (OS, P=0.069; DFS, P=0.133). Multivariate analysis showed post-operative RDW had better predictive value than pre-RDW and pre-operative RDW.
Conclusion: Post-operative RDW might be a useful prognostic indicator in patients with rectal cancer received neoadjuvant chemoradiation.
The molecular basis of immune-based platelet disorders
Authors: Hicks Sarah M. , Lee Christine S.M. , Ali Sidra A. , Choi Philip Y. , Gardiner Elizabeth E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlatelets have a predominant role in haemostasis, the maintenance of blood volume and emerging roles as innate immune cells, in wound healing and in inflammatory responses. Platelets express receptors that are important for platelet adhesion, aggregation, participation in inflammatory responses, and for triggering degranulation and enhancing thrombin generation. They carry a cargo of granules bearing enzymes, adhesion molecules, growth factors and cytokines, and have the ability to generate reactive oxygen species. The platelet is at the frontline of a host of cellular responses to invading pathogens, injury, and infection. Perhaps because of this intrinsic responsibility of a platelet to rapidly respond to thrombotic, pathological and immunological factors as part of their infantry role; platelets are susceptible to targeted attack by the adaptive immune system. Such attacks are often transitory but result in aberrant platelet activation as well as significant loss of platelet numbers and platelet function, paradoxically leading to elevated risks of both thrombosis and bleeding. Here, we discuss the main molecular events underlying immune-based platelet disorders with specific focus on events occurring at the platelet surface leading to activation and clearance.
Polycythämia vera in der differenzialdiagnostischen Abklärung kognitiver Defizite
Authors: Kowar Michael , Wilhelm Kai , Jacobs Andreas H 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungAnamnese Es erfolgt die Aufnahme einer 82-jährigen Patientin zur weiteren Abklärung zunehmender kognitiver Defizite und Gangunsicherheit.Diagnostik und Befunde In der durchgeführten Computertomografie des Kopfes zeigten sich die Zeichen einer fortgeschrittenen subkortikalen arteriosklerotischen Enzephalopathie (SAE). Laborchemisch fiel ein erhöhter Hämoglobinwert von 19,9 g/dl auf. Bei zusätzlicher Mutation in der JAK-2-Analyse wurde die Diagnose einer Polycythämia vera (Pv) gestellt. Nach Aderlass-Therapie zeigte sich eine Verbesserung der Kognition.Diskussion Die progredienten kognitiven Defizite sind bei vorbestehender SAE im Zusammenhang mit der neu diagnostizierten Pv zu sehen. Nach entsprechender Therapie der Pv ist auch langfristig eine Besserung der Kognition zu beobachten, sodass in diesem Fallbericht die Wichtigkeit einer Abklärung sekundärer, potenziell behandelbarer Ursachen von kognitiven Defiziten hervorgehoben wird.
Application of UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in Phytochemical Profiling of Sage (Salvia officinalis) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
Authors: Velamuri Ravikishore , Sharma Yashaswini , Fagan John , Schaefer Jim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUHPLC with QTOF-MS is widely used as a powerful tool for metabolomic analysis. This technology has recently been applied to the analysis of polyphenols in food and herb extracts. Sage (Salvia officinalis) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), belonging to the family Lamiaceae, are known for their potent antioxidant properties due to the presence of polyphenols. We have developed a sensitive and reproducible UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based method for comprehensive phytochemical profiling and the identification and quantitation of specific polyphenolic compounds present in sage and rosemary leaves. The herbs were extracted ultrasonically using methanol as the solvent. In sage, rosmarinic acid (17 678.7±673.4 µg/g) and 12-methoxy carnosic acid (21 918.3±715.4 µg/g) were found in the highest concentrations among all polyphenols. In contrast, rosmarinic acid (14 311.0±636.4 µg/g), luteolin-3'-acetyl-O-glucuronide (1488.50±47.58 µg/g), and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (1053.68±68.83 µg/g) were observed in the highest concentrations in rosemary. Sagerinic acid, rosmanol, rosmadial, carnosol, and carnosic acid were found in abundance in both sage and rosemary. The pentacyclic triterpenoid, corosolic acid ([M - H]¯ m/z 471.35), was detected for the first time in both plants. Of the 47 polyphenolic compounds identified in each plant, 38 compounds were found in common in rosemary and sage. A flavonoid compound, baicalin ([M -H]¯ m/z 445.08), was identified for the first time in S. officinalis. Also, pectolinarigenin ([M - H]¯ m/z 313.07), a dimethoxyflavone, was detected for the first time in both sage and rosemary leaves.
Brown-Algae Polysaccharides as Active Constituents against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Rashed Zeinab El , Grasselli Elena , Khalifeh Hala , Canesi Laura , Demori Ilaria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a metabolic disorder characterized by lipid overloading in hepatocytes that can progress pathogenically and even end in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pharmacological treatment is still limited by unwanted side effects, whereas the use of food components with therapeutic potential is advisable. The culinary use of marine algae is traditional for some populations and reviving worldwide, with promising health outcomes due to the large number of bioactive compounds found in seaweeds. The present review focuses on brown-algae polysaccharides, particularly fucoidan, alginate, and laminarin, and summarizes the experimental evidence of their potential effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease onset and progression. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that brown-algae polysaccharides exert beneficial actions on satiety feeling, caloric intake, fat absorption, and modulation of the gut
microbiota, which could account for indirect effects on energy and lipid homeostasis, thus diminishing the fat overload in the liver. Specific effects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis and worsening are also described and sustained by the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antisteatotic properties of brown-algae polysaccharides. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanism of action of brown-algae polysaccharides on liver cells, to determine the composition and bioavailability of brown-algae polysaccharides present in different algal sources and to probe the clinical availability of these compounds in the form of algal foods, food supplements, and regulated therapeutics.
Synthesis of Cyclohexane-Angularly-Fused Triquinanes
Authors: Jeon Hongjun , Winkler Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCyclohexane-angularly-fused triquinanes, 6-5-5-5 tetra­cycles, have attracted the attention of synthetic chemists due to their highly congested core structures and multiple quaternary carbon centers. This review focuses on the six completed total synthesis of naturally occurring cyclohexane-angularly-fused triquinanes in addition to seven notable methodologies that have been developed for the synthesis of these structures.1	Introduction2	6-5-5-5 Tetracycles Containing a Linear Triquinane2.1	Total Synthesis of Cyclopiane Diterpenes2.2	Synthetic Approach toward Aberrarane Diterpenes2.3	Intermediates in the Total Synthesis of Magellanine-Type Alkaloids3	6-5-5-5 Tetracycles Containing an Angular Triquinane3.1	Total Synthesis of Waihoensene3.2	Miscellaneous Approaches4	Conclusion
Cardiac Phlegmon: Infectious Endocarditis Causing Ventricular Wall Rupture
Authors: Fleißner Felix , Tudorache Igor , Christgen Matthias , Cebotari Serghei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Rupture of the cardiac ventricular wall is a rare and essentially lethal complication of infectious endocarditis valvularis.
Case Description We report a case of a 49-year-old female patient with infectious endocarditis of the aortic valve. Following aortic valve replacement, the patient developed a sudden free left ventricular wall rupture. Immediate reoperation was successful. Histopathology revealed a myocardial infarction due to septic thromboembolism causing a phlegmonlike myocardial appearance.
Conclusion This is a rare case of a myocardial phlegmon with subsequent cardiac lateral wall rupture in the context of an infectious endocarditis with septic coronary embolism.
30 Years of Flipping the Coin—Heads or Tails?
Authors: Svetanoff Wendy Jo , Dorman Robert M. , Dekonenko Charlene , Osuchukwu Obiyo O. , Hendrickson Richard J. , Fraser Jason D. , Oyetunji Tolulope A. , St Peter Shawn D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction Swallowed coins are a frequent cause of pediatric emergency department visits. Removal typically involves endoscopic retrieval under anesthesia. We describe our 30-year experience retrieving coins using a Foley catheter under fluoroscopy (“coin flip”).
Materials and Methods Patients younger than 18 years who underwent the coin flip procedure from 1988 to 2018 were identified. Failure of fluoroscopic retrieval was followed by rigid endoscopic retrieval in the operating room. Detailed subanalysis of patients between 2011 and 2018 was also performed.
Results A total of 809 patients underwent the coin flip procedure between 1988 and 2018. Median age was 3.3 years; 51% were male. The mean duration from ingestion to presentation was 19.8 hours. Overall success of removal from the esophagus was 85.5%, with 76.5% of coins retrieved and 9% pushed into the stomach. All remaining coins were retrieved by endoscopy. Complication rate was 1.2% with nine minor and one major complications, a tracheal tear that required repair. In our recent cohort, successful fluoroscopic removal led to shorter hospital lengths of stay (3.2 vs. 18.1 hours, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Patients who present with a coin in the esophagus can be successfully managed with a coin flip, which can be performed without hospital admission, with rare complications.
Charge Nurses Taking Charge, Challenging the Culture of Culture-Negative Sepsis, and Preventing Central-Line Infections to Reduce NICU Antibiotic Usage
Authors: Shukla Samarth , Cortez Josef , Renfro Bill , Makker Kartikeya , Timmons Colleen , Nandula P. Sireesha , Hazboun Rita , Dababneh Rima , Hoopes Cristina , VanRavestein Jenny , McCarter Yvette , Middlebrooks Marilyn , Ingyinn Ma , Alvarez Ana , Hudak Mark L. 
Published: November 2020

Objective We aimed to reduce our monthly antibiotic usage rate (AUR, days of treatment per 1,000 patient-days) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from a baseline of 330 (July 2015–April 2016) to 200 by December 2018.
Study Design We identified three key drivers as follows: (1) engaging NICU charge nurses, (2) challenging the culture of culture-negative sepsis, and (3) reducing central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Our main outcome was AUR. The percentage of culture-negative sepsis that was treated with antibiotics for >48 hours and CLABSI was our process measure. We used hospital cost/duration of hospitalization and mortality as our balancing measures.
Results After testing several plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles, we saw a modest reduction in AUR from 330 in the year 2016 to 297 in the year 2017. However, we did not find a special-cause variation in AUR via statistical process control (SPC) analysis (u'-chart). Thereafter, we focused our efforts to reduce CLABSI in January 2018. As a result, our mean AUR fell to 217 by December 2018. Our continued efforts resulted in a sustained reduction in AUR beyond the goal period. Importantly, cost of hospitalization and mortality did not increase during the improvement period.
Conclusion Our sequential quality improvement (QI) efforts led to a reduction in AUR. We implemented processes to establish a robust antibiotic stewardship program that included antibiotic time-outs led by NICU charge nurses and a focus on preventing CLABSI that were sustained beyond the QI period.
Key Points
Perinatal Outcomes of Subjects Enrolled in a Multicenter Trial with a Waiver of Antenatal Consent
Authors: Katheria Anup C. , Allman Phillip , Szychowski Jeff M. , Essers Jochen , Carlo Waldemar A. , Schmölzer Georg M. , Dempsey Eugene , Yanowitz Toby , Kaempf Joseph , Vora Farha , Bhat Shazia , Arnell Kathy , Rich Wade , Varner Michael 
Published: November 2020

Objective This study aimed to determine whether outcomes differed between infants enrolled in the PREMOD2 trial and those otherwise eligible but not enrolled, and whether the use of waiver effected these differences.
Study Design The multicenter PREMOD2 (PREmature infants receiving Milking Or Delayed cord clamping) trial was approved for waiver of antenatal consent by six of the nine sites institutional review boards, while three sites exclusively used antenatal consent. Every randomized subject delivered at a site with a waiver of consent was approached for postnatal consent to allow for data collection. Four of those six sites IRBs required the study team to attempt antenatal consent when possible. Three sites exclusively used antenatal consent.
Results Enrolled subjects had higher Apgar scores, less use of positive pressure ventilation, a lower rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and a less frequent occurrence of the combined outcome of severe intraventricular hemorrhage or death. A significantly greater number of infants were enrolled at sites with an option of waiver of consent (66 vs. 26%, risk ratio = 2.54, p < 0.001). At sites with an option of either approaching families before delivery or after delivery with a waiver of antenatal consent, those approached prior to delivery refused consent 40% (range 15–74% across six sites) of the time.
Conclusion PREMOD2 trial demonstrated analytical validity limitations because of the variable mix of antenatal consent and waiver of consent. A waiver of antenatal consent for minimal risk interventional trials conducted during the intrapartum period will be more successful in enrolling a representative sample of low and high-risk infants if investigators are able to enroll all eligible subjects.
Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03019367.
Key Points
Quasi-polynomial mappings with constant Jacobian
Authors: Pinchuk S. I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The famous Jacobian conjecture (JC) remains open even for dimension

. In this paper we study it by extending the class of polynomial mappings to quasi-polynomial ones. We show that any possible non-invertible polynomial mapping with non-zero constant Jacobian can be transformed into a special reduced form by a sequence of elementary transformations.
Simple solutions of the Burgers and Hopf equations
Authors: Beloshapka V. K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We describe all solutions of the Burgers equation of analytic complexity not exceeding

. It turns out that all such solutions fall into four families of dimensions not exceeding

that are represented by elementary functions. An example of a family of solutions of the Burgers equation of complexity

is given. A similar problem is also solved for the Hopf equation. It turns out that all solutions to the Hopf equation of complexity

form a two-parameter family of fractional-linear functions which coincides with one of the families of solutions of the Burgers equation.
Tau functions of solutions of soliton equations
Authors: Domrin A. V. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the holomorphic version of the inverse scattering method, we prove that the determinant of a Toeplitz-type Fredholm operator arising in the solution of the inverse problem is an entire function of the spatial variable for all potentials whose scattering data belong to a Gevrey class strictly less than 1. As a corollary, we establish that, up to a constant factor, every local holomorphic solution of the Korteweg–de Vries equation is the second logarithmic derivative of an entire function of the spatial variable. We discuss the possible order of growth of this entire function. Analogous results are given for all soliton equations of parabolic type.
Yang–Baxter algebras, convolution algebras, and Grassmannians
Authors: Gorbunov V. G. , Korff C. , Stroppel C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper surveys a new actively developing direction in contemporary mathematics which connects quantum integrable models with the Schubert calculus for quiver varieties: there is a purely geometric construction of solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation and their associated Yang–Baxter algebras which play a central role in quantum integrable systems and exactly solvable (integrable) lattice models in statistical physics. A simple but explicit example is given using the classical geometry of Grassmannians in order to explain some of the main ideas. The degenerate five-vertex limit of the asymmetric six-vertex model is considered, and its associated Yang–Baxter algebra is identified with a convolution algebra arising from the equivariant Schubert calculus of Grassmannians. It is also shown how our methods can be used to construct quotients of the universal enveloping algebra of the current algebra

(so-called Schur-type algebras) acting on the tensor product of copies of its evaluation representation

. Finally, our construction is connected with the cohomological Hall algebra for the

-quiver.
Bibliography: 125 titles.
Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates and Goldman brackets
Authors: Chekhov L. O. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
It is explicitly shown that the Poisson bracket on the set of shear coordinates defined by V. V. Fock in 1997 induces the Fenchel–Nielsen bracket on the set of gluing parameters (length and twist parameters) for pair-of-pants decompositions of Riemann surfaces

with holes. These structures are generalized to the case of Riemann surfaces

with holes and bordered cusps.
Bibliography: 49 titles.