bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care dependency and management of urinary incontinence in nursing homes: A descriptive study
Authors: Huion Anja , De Witte Nico , Everaert Karel , Halfens Ruud J.G. , Schols Jos M.G.A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo explore the differences in managing urinary incontinence in residents in nursing homes aged 65 years or older in relation to their care dependency.DesignThe 2015 data of the Dutch annual independent (Inter)national Prevalence Measurement of Quality of Care of Maastricht University were used. The design involved a cross‐sectional, multi‐centre point prevalence measurement in hospitals, care homes, and home care.MethodsSecondary data analysis on the data provided by care home organizations.ResultsIn the care independent group, the solely use of absorbing material was the mostly applied intervention. In the group of care dependent persons, the combination of absorbing material with toilet on set times and on individual basis was the most common approach.ConclusionThe outcome of this study indicated that the management of urinary incontinence in residents in nursing homes differs depending on their care dependency.Impact

Caregivers in nursing homes should be aware of preferences of residents regarding the management of their urinary incontinence.

Researchers should investigate criteria used by caregivers and care receivers into the decision of the application of interventions for urinary incontinence.
Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by 6‐formylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole alleviated acute kidney injury by repressing inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Tao Sibei , Guo Fan , Ren Qian , Liu Jing , Wei Tiantian , Li Lingzhi , Ma Liang , Fu Ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a multifactorial disease of various aetiologies. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‐activated transcription factor that responds to ligands to induce or repress gene expressions, thereby regulating a diverse spectrum of biological or pathophysiologic effects. However, the effect of AhR on AKI remains unknown. A single intraperitoneal injection of 50% glycerol was performed to induce rhabdomyolysis in C57BL/6J mice. The bilateral renal pedicles were occluded for 30 minutes and then removed to stimulate renal I/R injury. 6‐formylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (FICZ), a photo‐oxidation product of tryptophan with a high affinity for AhR, was used. The in vitro study was performed on HK‐2 cells. Ferrous myoglobin and FICZ was dissolved in the medium in different cell groups. Treatment with AhR agonist FICZ significantly alleviated the elevation of serum creatinine and urea in AKI. AKI modelling‐induced renal damage was attenuated by FICZ. AhR mainly expressed in proximal tubular cells and could be activated by FICZ administration. Meanwhile, AKI triggered the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in injured kidneys, while FICZ inhibited their expressions. Furthermore, FICZ effectively reversed cell apoptosis in AKI models. Mechanistically, AKI stimulated the activation of NF‐κB and JNK pathways in the kidneys, while FICZ significantly suppressed these corresponding protein expressions. For the in vitro study, FICZ also inhibited inflammation and apoptosis in myoglobin or H/R‐stimulated HK‐2 cells. In summary, agonism of AhR by FICZ alleviated rhabdomyolysis and I/R‐induced AKI. FICZ inhibited inflammation and apoptosis via suppressing NF‐κB and JNK pathways in proximal tubular cells.
Carbofuran accelerates the cellular senescence and declines the life span of spns1 mutant zebrafish
Authors: Khan Alam , Fahad Talukdar Mohammad , Akther Tanjima , Zaman Tanjeena , Hasan Md Faruk , Islam Khan Md Rafiqual , Islam Mohammad Saiful , Kishi Shuji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCarbofuran is a carbamate pesticide, widely used in agricultural practices to increase crop productivity. In mammals, carbofuran is known to cause several untoward effects, such as apoptosis in the hippocampal neuron, oxidative stress, loss of memory and chromosomal anomalies. Most of these effects are implicated with cellular senescence. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of carbofuran on cellular senescence and biological ageing. Spinster homolog 1 (Spns1) is a transmembrane transporter, regulates autolysosomal biogenesis and plays a role in cellular senescence and survival. Using senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining, we found that carbofuran accelerates the cellular senescence in spns1 mutant zebrafish. The yolk opaqueness, a premature ageing phenotype in zebrafish embryos, was accelerated by carbofuran treatment. In the survival study, carbofuran shortened the life span of spns1 mutant zebrafish. Autophagy is the cellular lysosomal degradation, usually up‐regulated in the senescent cells. To know the impact of carbofuran exposure on autophagy progress, we established a double‐transgenic zebrafish line, harbouring EGFP‐tagged LC3‐II and mCherry‐tagged Lamp1 on spns1 mutant background, whereas we found, carbofuran exposure synergistically accelerates autolysosome formation with insufficient lysosome‐mediated degradation. Our data collectively suggest that carbofuran exposure synergistically accelerates the cellular senescence and affects biological ageing in spns1 defective animals.
Group swimming behaviour and energetics in bluegillLepomis macrochirusand rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Currier Megan , Rouse Jon , Coughlin David J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGroup swimming size influences metabolic energy consumption and swimming behaviour in fishes. Hydrodynamic flows and vortices of other fish are thought to be beneficial in terms of the energetic costs of swimming. Similarly, abiotic obstructions have been shown to have similar benefits with respect to metabolic consumption in swimming fish such as rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss. The current study works to examine metabolic rates and swimming behaviours as a function of group swimming with bluegill sunfishLepomis macrochirusandO. mykiss.Fishes were subjected to individual and group swimming in a respiratory swim tunnel to determine oxygen consumption as a proxy for the metabolic rate of swimming fish. In addition, fish movements within the swim tunnel test chamber were tracked to examine group swimming behaviour. We hypothesized that fish would benefit metabolically from group swimming. In the case ofO. mykiss, we also hypothesized that groups would benefit from the presence of an abiotic structure, as has been previously observed in fish swimming individually. Our results suggest that the influence of group size on swimming metabolism is species specific. WhileL. macrochirusshow decreased metabolic rate when swimming in a group compared to individually,O. mykissdid not show such a metabolic benefit from group swimming.
Clients’ perceptions of marriage and family therapists’ way‐of‐being: a phenomenological analysis
Authors: Holyoak Derek L. , Fife Stephen T. , Hertlein Katherine M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrevious research highlights the influence of therapist factors on treatment outcomes. One therapist factor proposed as fundamental to the process of therapy is the therapist's way‐of‐being, a relational concept that refers to how the therapist regards a client—either as a person or object (Fife et al., [2014] Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 40, 20–33). Although this case has been made conceptually, there is little empirical research on therapists’ way‐of‐being with clients. The primary purpose of this research is to investigate clients’ perceptions of their therapists’ way‐of‐being. Utilizing a common factors perspective, the study seeks to explore: (a) how clients experience their therapists’ way‐of‐being and (b) the influence therapists’ way‐of‐being has on clients’ engagement. Phenomenological methods were used to gain a nuanced understanding of the phenomenon. Qualitative data were collected through semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews with clients (N = 10) who received individual therapy from a marriage and family therapist. Results were organized into two main themes: core tenets (attunement, congruency, and aligning with clients) and operational tenets (providing affirmation and validation, balancing flexibility and structure, and accomplishing goals). Findings are used to make a case for adding the concept of way‐of‐being as an overarching construct for several well‐established therapist factors. Clinical and training implications are discussed.
New perspective on the regulation of acetylcholinesterase via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Authors: Xie Heidi Qunhui , Ma Yongchao , Fu Hualing , Xu Tuan , Luo Yali , Liu Yiyun , Chen Yangsheng , Xu Li , Xia Yingjie , Zhao Bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) plays important roles in cholinergic neurotransmission and has been widely recognized as a biomarker for monitoring pollution by organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides. Dioxin is an emerging environmental AChE disruptor and is a typical persistent organic pollutant with multiple toxic effects on the nervous system. Growing evidence has shown that there is a significant link between dioxin exposure and neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders, most of which involve AChE and cholinergic dysfunctions. Therefore, an in‐depth understanding of the effects of dioxin on AChE and the related mechanisms of action might help to shed light on the molecular bases of dioxin impacts on the nervous system. In the past decade, the effects of dioxins on AChE have been revealed in cultured cells of different origins and in rodent animal models. Unlike OP and carbamate pesticides, dioxin‐induced AChE disturbance is not due to direct inhibition of enzymatic activity; instead, dioxin causes alterations of AChE expression in certain models. As a widely accepted mechanism for most dioxin effects, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)‐dependent pathway has become a research focus in studies on the mechanism of action of dioxin‐induced AChE dysregulation. In this mini‐review, the effects of dioxin on AChE and the diverse roles of the AhR pathway in AChE regulation are summarized. Additionally, the involvement of AhR in AChE regulation during different neurodevelopmental processes is discussed. These AhR‐related findings might also provide new insight into AChE regulation triggered by diverse xenobiotics capable of interacting with AhR.
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The Zeal of the Convert Revisited
Authors: Beider Nadia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial scientists have long been interested in the effects of conversion on religiosity. Drawing on data from the 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Survey, I revisit the zeal of the convert thesis by comparing the religiosity of both converts and cradle members within the main American religious traditions. My findings reveal that converts are not more zealous than lifelong members, in fact, converts tend to have lower levels of religious commitment. Switchers raised in strict denominations do exhibit greater zeal than cradle members. The discussion argues that people create new, hybrid forms of religious engagement based on elements from both their current and childhood religious identities. Conversion is less a sudden rupture involving dramatic, wholesale change; rather, it is a process in which some prior religious norms are retained alongside new ones.
Pharmacokinetic properties of tramadol and M1 metabolite in Northeast Brazilian donkeys (Equus asinus)
Authors: Mouta Andressa Nunes , de Oliveira Lima Isabelle , de Oliveira Maria Gláucia Carlos , Alves Letícia Pereira , de Macêdo Luã Barbalho , Araujo‐Silva Gabriel , Pérez‐Urizar José , de Paula Valéria Veras 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is currently little information available on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the analgesic opioid tramadol when used in the veterinary medicine of domestic species. In this study, we aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and its active metabolite M1 following intravenous administration of 2 (T2) and 4 (T4) mg/kg to Northeast Brazilian donkeys. Tramadol and M1 plasma levels were quantified using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. We found that plasma levels of tramadol and M1 were higher than those reported as clinically meaningful in humans for at least 3 hr. However, the pharmacokinetic parameter calculation corrected by dose analysis identified no proportional increase with dose for the AUC of tramadol (T2: 2,663 ± 1,827 vs. T4: 2,964 ± 1,038 ng*h/ml) and M1 (T2: 378 ± 237 vs. T4: 345 ± 142 ng*h/ml). This finding appears to be attributable to a significant increase in clearance and a reduction in the terminal half‐life of tramadol. The frequency of adverse effects observed at the higher dose indicates that 2 mg/kg administered intravenously would be suitable for donkeys. Clinical studies are required to determine the implications of these observations regarding the pharmacodynamic response to tramadol in Northeast Brazilian donkeys.
Chemical Ablation of Genicular Nerve with Phenol for Pain Relief in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Study
Authors: Risso Roberta Cristina , Ferraro Leonardo Henrique Cunha , Nouer Frederico Thiago , Peng Philip W. H. , Luzo Marcus Vinicius , Debieux Pedro , Sakata Rioko Kimiko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency ablation of the genicular nerve is performed for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) when conservative treatment is not effective. Chemical ablation may be an alternative, but its effectiveness and safety have not been examined. The objective of this prospective open‐label cohort study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound‐guided chemical neurolysis for genicular nerves with phenol to treat patients with chronic pain from KOA.MethodsForty‐three patients with KOA with pain intensity score (Numeric Rating Scale, NRS) ≥ 4, and duration of pain of more than 6 months were considered for enrollment. Ultrasound‐guided diagnostic blocks of genicular nerves (superomedial, inferomedial, and superolateral) with 1.5 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine at each site were performed. Those who reported more than 50% reduction in NRS went on to undergo chemical neurolysis, using 1.5 mL 7% glycerated phenol in each genicular nerve. NRS and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were assessed before intervention and at 2 weeks and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months following the intervention.ResultsNRS and WOMAC scores improved at all time points. Mean pain intensity improved from 7.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.8 to 7.7) at baseline to 4.2 (95%CI: 3.5 to 5.0) at 6‐month follow‐up (P < 0.001). Composite WOMAC score improved from 48.7 (95%CI: 43.3 to 54.2) at baseline to 20.7 (95%CI: 16.6 to 24.7) at 6‐month follow‐up (P < 0.001). Adverse events did not persist beyond 1 month and included local pain, hypoesthesia, swelling, and bruise.ConclusionChemical neurolysis of genicular nerves with phenol provided efficacious analgesia and functional improvement for at least 6 months in most patients with a low incidence of adverse effects.
Dapsone‐induced methemoglobinemia in pediatrics post‐renal transplant
Authors: Hindka Aditi , Huynh Dao , Verghese Priya S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDapsone has been utilized for the prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients including pediatric kidney transplant recipients, in whom trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) is contraindicated. Dapsone adverse effects include methemoglobinemia, but there are no reports of the burden and impact of methemoglobinemia in pediatric kidney recipients that are taking dapsone for PJP prophylaxis. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all pediatric kidney recipients who had received dapsone at any time posttransplant. The indication, duration, and adverse effects of dapsone therapy were assessed. In addition, methemoglobin levels were assessed, and summary statistics performed. Data demonstrated that more than half of the patients on dapsone were not screened for methemoglobinemia. Of those screened, there was a significantly higher acquired‐methemoglobinemia (77%) than previously reported in the literature. We also demonstrate significantly more anemia in patients on dapsone. Methemoglobinemia did not affect patient or graft survival and resolved with cessation of dapsone. We conclude that pediatric kidney recipients often develop methemoglobinemia and / or anemia on dapsone. We recommend if pediatric transplant recipients are prescribed dapsone, routine testing for methemoglobinemia and anemia should be done.
Dual carving and minimal rationalism
Authors: Witmer D. Gene 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn his Consciousness and Fundamental Reality (2017), Philip Goff defends his anti‐physicalist argument against what he calls the "Dual Carving" objection—the idea that two representations of the very same fact could both be conceptually independent and "transparent," that is, revealing of the essences of the entities in question. His defense invokes a thesis he calls "Minimal Rationalism." I explore exactly how Minimal Rationalism is supposed to turn aside the objection and argue that the formulation of Minimal Rationalism on offer is ambiguous between stronger and weaker readings. Goff needs the stronger reading to use it in defense of his argument, but only the weaker reading is warranted by the considerations he brings to bear in favor of his rationalism. His "Minimal Rationalism" is, in sum, insufficiently minimal. The upshot is not only that Goff is deprived of a way of turning back an important objection to his case against physicalism; we also gain a better sense of what kind of rationalist thesis is properly invoked in metaphysics.
Investigating the Links Between Cultural Values and Belief in Conspiracy Theories: The Key Roles of Collectivism and Masculinity
Authors: Adam‐Troian Jais , Wagner‐Egger Pascal , Motyl Matt , Arciszewski Thomas , Imhoff Roland , Zimmer Felix , Klein Olivier , Babinska Maria , Bangerter Adrian , Bilewicz Michal , Blanuša Nebojša , Bovan Kosta , Bužarovska Rumena , Cichocka Aleksandra , Çelebi Elif , Delouvée Sylvain , Douglas Karen M. , Dyrendal Asbjørn , Gjoneska Biljana , Graf Sylvie , Gualda Estrella , Hirschberger Gilad , Kende Anna , Krekó Peter , Krouwel Andre , Lamberty Pia , Mari Silvia , Milosevic Jasna , Panasiti Maria Serena , Pantazi Myrto , Petkovski Ljupcho , Porciello Giuseppina , Prims J. P. , Rabelo André , Schepisi Michael , Sutton Robbie M. , Swami Viren , Thórisdóttir Hulda , Turjačanin Vladimir , Zezelj Iris , van Prooijen Jan‐Willem 
Published: December 2020

Research suggests that belief in conspiracy theories (CT) stems from basic psychological mechanisms and is linked to other belief systems (e.g., religious beliefs). While previous research has extensively examined individual and contextual variables associated with CT beliefs, it has not yet investigated the role of culture. In the current research, we tested, based on a situated cultural cognition perspective, the extent to which culture predicts CT beliefs. Using Hofstede's model of cultural values, three nation‐level analyses of data from 25, 19, and 18 countries using different measures of CT beliefs (Study 1, N = 5323; Study 2a, N = 12,255; Study 2b, N = 30,994) revealed positive associations between masculinity, collectivism, and CT beliefs. A cross‐sectional study among U.S. citizens (Study 3, N = 350), using individual‐level measures of Hofstede's values, replicated these findings. A meta‐analysis of correlations across studies corroborated the presence of positive links between CT beliefs, collectivism, r = .31, 95% CI = [.15; .47], and masculinity, r = .39, 95% CI = [.18; .59]. Our results suggest that in addition to individual differences and contextual variables, cultural factors also play an important role in shaping CT beliefs.
Longer photoperiods negate the CO2 stimulation of photosynthesis in Betula papyrifera Marsh: Implications to climate change‐induced migration
Authors: Tedla Binyam , Dang Qing‐Lai , Inoue Sahari 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn response to global warming, trees are expected to shift their distribution ranges to higher latitudes. The range shift will expose them to novel environmental conditions, such as new photoperiod regimes. These factors can interact with rising atmospheric CO2 ([CO2]) to affect trees' physiology and growth. This study simulated future environmental conditions to investigate photosynthetic responses to changes in photoperiod regimes (seed origin [48°N], 52, 55, and 58°N) and [CO2] (ambient 400 vs. elevated 1000 μmol mol−1) in white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) seedlings. Our results show that elevated [CO2] stimulated leaf photosynthesis (Pn) at the two lower latitudes (48 and 52°N). However, this stimulation by elevated [CO2] was lost in the two higher latitudes (55 and 58°N). Elevated [CO2] led to the downregulation of maximum Rubisco activity (Vcmax) for the two higher latitudes, and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) and triose phosphate utilization (TPU) at 58°N, while it enhanced Jmax and TPU for the two lower latitudes. Increased instantaneous water‐use efficiency (IWUE) for the two lower latitudes was primarily attributed to the CO2 stimulation of Pn while the higher IWUE under the photoperiod regimes of 55 and 58°N latitudes was explained by reduced water loss. Photoperiod effects varied with [CO2]: Pn increased at the photoperiod regimes of 55 and 58°N in ambient [CO2] while it tended to decline under these photoperiods in elevated [CO2]. Our study suggests that the photosynthesis of white birch will likely respond negatively to northward migration or seed transfer in response to climate change.
Rhizosphere pH and cation‐anion balance determine the exudation of nitrification inhibitor 3‐epi‐brachialactone suggesting release via secondary transport
Authors: Egenolf Konrad , Verma Supriya , Schöne Jochen , Klaiber Iris , Arango Jacobo , Cadisch Georg , Neumann Günter , Rasche Frank 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiological nitrification inhibition (BNI) of Brachiaria humidicola has been attributed to nitrification‐inhibiting fusicoccanes, most prominently 3‐epi‐brachialactone. However, its release mechanism from B. humidicola roots remains elusive. Two hydroponic experiments were performed to investigate the role of rhizosphere pH and nutritional N form in regulating 3‐epi‐brachialactone release by B. humidicola and verify the underlying release pathway. Low rhizosphere pH and NH4+ nutrition promoted 3‐epi‐brachialactone exudation. However, the substitution of NH4+ by K+ revealed that the NH4+ effect was not founded in a direct physiological response to the N form but was related to the cation‐anion balance during nutrient uptake. Release of 3‐epi‐brachialactone correlated with the transmembrane proton gradient ΔpH and NH4+ uptake (R2 = 0.92 for high ~6.8 and R2 = 0.84 for low ~4.2 trap solution pH). This corroborated the release of 3‐epi‐brachialactone through secondary transport, with the proton motive force (ΔP) defining transport rates across the plasma membrane. It was concluded that 3‐epi‐brachialactone release cannot be conceptualized as a regulated response to soil pH or NH4+ availability, but merely as the result of associated changes in ΔP.