bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional hydraulic model of the Upper Rhine Graben
Authors: Koltzer Nora , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Cacace Mauro , Frick Maximilian , Bott Judith 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. In this study we make use of 3-D hydraulic simulations to investigate the
regional groundwater flow in the Upper Rhine Graben. The modeling is based
on an existing detailed 3-D structural model covering the whole Upper Rhine
Graben from the surface down to 14 km of depth. The overall goal of this study
is to provide some quantitative analysis on the role of the hydraulic head
topology in shaping the underground hydrodynamics by taking into account
interactions with the heterogeneous subsurface sedimentary configuration of
the basin system. Therefore, the main question addressed by this study can
be summarized as follows: does the deep graben flow follow the topographic
gradient and the flow direction of the river Rhine from the Alps northward
to the northernmost area of the Upper Rhine Graben? Our results demonstrate the presence of a regional subsurface flow in the
sedimentary rocks aligning from the graben flanks towards its center and in
the southern half of the graben from south to north. The graben-parallel
flow velocity is found to be about 1 order of magnitude lower than the velocity
predicted perpendicular to the main graben axis. Besides these general
trends, the modeling highlights local heterogeneities in the shallow 3-D
flow field. Those arise from the interaction between regional groundwater
flow and the heterogeneous sedimentary configuration. Within the Cenozoic
sediments forming the uppermost aquifer in the model, groundwater flows
are driven by imposed hydraulic gradients from recharge areas located at higher elevations in the Black Forest and Vosges Mountains to the discharge region at a lower elevation in the Rhine valley. The presence of a regional aquitard (Keuper) separating the shallow
and the deeper aquifer system (Muschelkalk, Buntsandstein, and Rotliegend) hinders hydraulic connection among the two aquifer systems. This
is exemplified by the development of a flow system in the deeper aquifers,
which shows a more continuous graben-parallel south–north direction.
Based on these results we can conclude that both the hydraulic head topology
and the level of structuration of the sedimentary sequence exert a 1st-order
role in shaping the regional flow system at depth. The regional model
predicts a heterogeneous flow system within the upper 4 km of the Upper
Rhine Valley, where flow velocities in the graben valley can reach up to 45 mm yr−1 in the upper and lower aquifers. Back to the current conceptual
hydrogeological model, the results question the presence of a graben through
northward flow, being limited to the southern half of the graben. In the
north, the groundwater dynamics turn out to be more complex, being
structurally linked to the local geology. This calls for additional studies
with a higher level of both structural and stratigraphic attributes in
order to arrive at a better quantification of the local to the regional
groundwater dynamics in the area.
Multimodel simulations of a springtime dust storm over northeastern China: implications of an evaluation of four commonly used air quality models (CMAQ v5.2.1, CAMx v6.50, CHIMERE v2017r4, and WRF-Chem v3.9.1)
Authors: Ma Siqi , Zhang Xuelei , Gao Chao , Tong Daniel Q. , Xiu Aijun , Wu Guangjian , Cao Xinyuan , Huang Ling , Zhao Hongmei , Zhang Shichun , Ibarra-Espinosa Sergio , Wang Xin , Li Xiaolan , Dan Mo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Mineral dust particles play an important role in the Earth system,
imposing a variety of effects on air quality, climate, human health, and
economy. Accurate forecasts of dust events are highly desirable to provide
an early warning and inform the decision-making process. East Asia is one of the largest
dust sources in the world. This study applies and evaluates four widely used
regional air quality models to simulate dust storms in northeastern China.
Three dust schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry
(WRF-Chem) (version 3.9.1), two schemes in both CHIMERE (version 2017r4) and CMAQ
(version 5.2.1), and one scheme in CAMx (version 6.50) were applied to a
dust event during 4–6 May 2015 in northeastern
China. Most of these models were able to capture this dust event with the exception of
CAMx, which has no dust source map covering the study area; hence, another
dust source mask map was introduced to replace the default one for the
subsequent simulation. Although these models reproduced the spatial pattern
of the dust plume, there were large discrepancies between predicted and
observed PM10 concentrations in each model. In general, CHIMERE had
relatively better performance among all simulations with default
configurations. After parameter tuning, WRF-Chem with the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) scheme using
a seasonal dust source map from Ginoux et al. (2012) showed the best
performance, followed by WRF-Chem with the UOC_Shao2004 scheme,
CHIMERE, and CMAQ. The performance of CAMx had significantly improved by
substituting the default dust map and removing the friction velocity
limitation. This study suggested that the dust source maps should be
carefully selected on a regional scale or replaced with a new one constructed
with local data. Moreover, further study and measurement of sandblasting
efficiency of different soil types and locations should be conducted to
improve the accuracy of estimated vertical dust fluxes in air quality models.
Erratum to: Miramontes Olivas, A., & Garcilazo, G. (2019). From Axayácatl to El Chapo: Rethinking Migration and Mexico’s War on Drugs in Gabriel Garcilazo’s Dystopic Magical Codex. Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture, 8, 98-118. https://doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2019.284
Authors: Lombard Jacqueline M. 
Published: November 2019

Erratum to: Miramontes Olivas, A., & Garcilazo, G. (2019). From Axayácatl to El Chapo: Rethinking Migration and Mexico’s War on Drugs in Gabriel Garcilazo’s Dystopic Magical Codex. Contemporaneity: Historical Presence in Visual Culture, 8, 98-118. https://doi.org/10.5195/contemp.2019.284

The original publication of this article included a misspelling of Gabriel Garcilazo's name in its title, incorrectly spelling Garcilazo's last name. The original article has been updated to reflect this change.
Pursuing Opportunities Available to Support Your Own Learning: A Case Study: University of Guyana Library
Authors: Lowe Debra , Rose Simmone La , Bhagwandin Nalisa 
Published: November 2019

This article provides an assessment of the pathways Librarians at the University of Guyana Library (UGL) explored to achieve continual learning for professional growth and self-development.The writers adopted a survey method to capture data from sixteen senior professionals from the University of Guyana Library. The findings revealed that while the University of Guyana Administration provided some avenues for professional growth and development for all professionals, there were some areas that required a more structured and equitable approach. The findings indicated that much more can be done to facilitate growth and development for senior Library professionals, particularly in the field of Librarianship. From the discussions, the researchers concluded that in spite of the limited access to available resources, Library senior professionals actively pursued alternative avenues to enhance and advance learning. This was intended to acquire current knowledge and practice so that they may provide a higher quality of service to their clientele; further, their experience (in the process) will assist in enhancing their professional development and personal growth.
Volcanic Sedimentary Rock-Related Metallogenesis in the Kiruna-Skellefte Belt of Northern Sweden
Authors: Parák Tibor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The bedrock in the Kiruna and Skellefte districts, northern Sweden, as well as in the area between them consists of the same basic rock types. Basaltic and andesitic greenstones occur throughout the belt, as well as local komatiitic rocks. Intermediate and acid volcanites, which are the dominant rocks at certain localities, in places show agglomeratic features. Based on similarities in the rock types, the Arjeplog district—via the Adak area—is probably a continuation of the Skellefte district, i.e., the connecting link for the Kiruna-Skellefte belt. This conclusion is supported by the occurrence of graphite and similar magnetite-rich rocks at Adak and Sakkavare (Arjeplog).
The high-grade iron oxide ores occur mainly in volcanic rocks, although some are in sedimentary hosts. The high-grade iron sulfide ores occur mainly between sedimentary and volcanic rocks, although there are exceptions. The orebodies, as well as the oxide and the sulfide facies, are normally lenticular and show sharp contact relations. The bodies range in length from several tens of meters to several kilometers and in thickness from several decimeters to a hundred meters. In addition to the ore minerals, the ore lenses are sometimes banded with apatite, quartz, and/or skarn minerals. Intercalations of wall rocks or other tuffitic rocks are known in both the oxide and the sulfide ore facies. Manganese ores have an appearance similar to that of the other oxide and sulfide ores.
The nonferrous minerals do not always coincide with the massive oxide and sulfide ore concentrations; thus, one of the most important copper mines is a disseminated deposit. Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, and Au have been found outside the Skellefte district but not in massive sulfide ores, as is the case in the Skellefte district. The Skellefte district contains significant amounts of arsenic, as does the Tjamotis district. High potassium contents are commonly observed in areas where scapolite-bearing rocks coincide with oxide-type ores.
The remarkable lack of magnetite in the greenstones close to massive oxide ores suggests that the greenstones probably were the source rocks for these ores. Anhydrite lenses in the Kiirunavaara deposit may also have been derived from the greenstones. No suggestion concerning the source rock for the massive sulfide ores has been focused on any distinguishable rock in the literature about the Skellefte district.
Age determinations do not contradict an assumption that the mineralized belt between the Kiruna (mainly oxide facies) and Skellefte (mainly sulfide facies) districts originated during the same tectonic events. The age difference between the districts could simply reflect migration of volcanic sedimentary depocenters. The spatial relationship between some orebodies and conglomerates and eroded surfaces indicates that the ores were precipitated in shallow water, probably partly in the oxygenated environment and partly just below it. Scapolitization is at least in part related to primary evaporites.
Understanding Volcanic Massive Sulfides—Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Stanton R. L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The exhalative theory of formation of conformable sulfides in the volcanic environment has existed for at least 140 years, since the time of the great French geologist Élie de Beaumont. His (and some of his contemporaries) observations of volcanic exhalation provided the basis for the development of the subsurface (plutonic) hydrofhermal replacement theory and hence, incidentally, for early ideas concerning massive sulfide formation. However, in spite of its ancient vintage, the exhalative idea remained relegated to a comparatively subordinate position in ore genesis theory for over 100 years, until the middle 1950s, when it suddenly came to prominence. By the end of 1955 it had been recognized that many of the world’s great conformable sulfide bodies were exhalative, that some of them were of volcanic island-arc affiliation, that ore type might be related to lava type and ore occurrence to highly restricted periods of volcanism, and that some great metallogenic regions—e.g., the Appalachians of North America and the Caledonides of Britain and Norway—might reflect old island-arc structures.
Until about 1968 it was tacitly assumed that the constituents of the ores and the solutions that carried them were of active magmatic derivation. Since then the seawater-subsea-floor leaching hypothesis has risen to prominence. In spite of the latter, however, there are several strong lines of evidence indicating that materials derived from active magmatism are very important. New and perhaps very significant evidence lies in the systematics of ore element distribution during the progressive crystallization of a basaltic volcanic melt, evidence which indicates that magmatic differentiation may well, after all, be of prime importance in the supplying of the metals.
This work suggests that two very important future lines of volcanogenic massive sulfide research will be in crystal-melt and melt-vapor partitioning in metal-bearing silicate systems.
The Evolution of Ideas about the Genesis of Stratiform Copper-Silver Deposits
Authors: Jowett E. Craig 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Three stratiform Cu-Ag mining camps have greatly influenced genetic concepts in the scientific literature: the Kupferschiefer in Europe, the Zambia-Zaire or Central African copper belt, and White Pine in northern Michigan. Of these, the Kupferschiefer has the longest history, and many of the syngenetic-epigenetic arguments were first aired there. The syngenetic theory that dissolved salts precipitated copper in sea-floor mud was suggested by J. G. Lehmann in 1756. In 1807, J. C. Freiesleben attributed the contorted shape of fossil fish to their sudden death from copper poisoning. Because of the general stratiform nature of the ore, syngenesis was generally accepted throughout the nineteenth century. The presence of concentrated ore around Co-Ni veins (Rücken) in the Kupferschiefer convinced F. Beyschlag in 1889 and R. Beck in 1905 that the metals were hydrothermal in origin, and by 1920 this theory prevailed. However, when the Riicken enrichments were shown to postdate the stratiform mineralization and H. Schneiderhohn developed his 1923 bacteriogenic model, the syngenetic view returned to favor and predominated until the 1960s. In Africa, meantime, the epigenetic theory was firmly established after A. M. Bateman’s 1930 magmatic hydrothermal interpretation. However, Schneiderhohn in 1932 and W. G. Garlick and J. J. Brummer in the 1950s argued that replacement textures, high-temperature mineralogy, and “pegmatite” veins used as epigenetic evidence were actually postore, metamorphic effects and that the younger “intrusive” granites were actually basement. As a result, Garlick’s innovative syngenetic zonal theory, developed in the 1940s, was generally accepted by 1960. The consensus since then has been that the deposits formed from early diagenetic influx of fluids into reduced beds from underlying red beds. This diagenetic model was established from work done on mineral textures and zoning patterns by W. S. White, J. C. Wright, A. C. Brown, and W. C. Kelly (White Pine), P. Bartholome (Zaire), and J. Rentzsch and A. Rydzewski (Kupferschiefer) in the 1960s. Simultaneously, genetic associations with hydrocarbon-related fluid migration were being pursued by A. I. Germanov, I. F. Gablina, and others for the Dzhezkazgan deposit, USSR. The success of the diagenetic movement was facilitated by the basin dewatering model of F. W. Beales and S. A. Jackson of 1967, which provided a legitimate alternative to the two incompatible extremes of syngenesis and epigenesis. With the present emphasis on more quantitative techniques, recent research has focused on determining fluid-drive mechanisms, paleomagnetic and isotopic ages, cement zonation patterns, stable isotopes, and formation temperatures. Results are leading to more sophisticated physical and geochemical models of fluid flow and more refined models of genesis, which typically indicate a diagenetic origin related to sedimentary basin dewatering.
The Discovery of Serra dos Carajás
Authors: Machamer J. F. , Tolbert G. E. , L'esperance R. L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Early in 1966, Cia. Meridional de Mineracao, a subsidiary of United States Steel Corporation (now USX Corporation), launched a major mineral exploration program in Brazil. The Pre-cambrian shield areas adjacent to the Amazon River were selected as targets because significant manganese deposits were known in the shield area north of the Amazon, the areas were largely unexplored, and they offered great potential for the discovery of world-class deposits. Manganese was the principal objective but not the only one.
Fieldwork started early in 1967. Several prominent topographic and photogeologic anomalies were observed on aerial photographs of a remote region south of the Itacaiunas River and were scheduled for field examination as soon as helicopter access could be arranged. Ground inspection showed the anomalies to be high plateaus covered by a ferruginous crust (canga) containing hematite fragments from underlying iron ore deposits. Immediate steps were taken to claim the area, and claim applications were filed in October 1967.
The identified iron ore resources of the Carajás region are reported to be about 18 billion metric tons containing 65 percent Fe. In economic terms the district ranks with the Witwa-tersrand as one of the world’s truly great mineral districts. Discovery of the deposits called the world’s attention to the mineral potential of Brazil and led to the discovery of major deposits of bauxite, copper, gold, manganese, nickel, tin, and other minerals in the area. Factors critical to the discovery of the Carajás deposits include management support for exploration into new and unknown regions, an enthusiastic and competent field team that was not deterred by significant hazards and discomforts, and the readiness at all levels to recognize and take advantage of unexpected opportunities.
Geological Outline of the Noril’sk Region
Authors: Duzhikov O.A. , Strunin B.M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Present studies of the Noril’sk ore-bearing region permit one to re-evaluate its geological setting, the deep structure and the unique characteristics of the magmatism which contributed to the development of the sulfide copper-nickel deposits. At present the traditional view of the geological setting of the region as being a part of the boundary zone of the northwestern portion of the Siberian platform seems to be inadequate; this is because it is known that there is no evidence of large mineral deposits outside the region, in other boundary areas of the Siberian platform, despite the widespread nature of the copper-nickel mineralization. The need to identify the factors that determine the characteristics of the copper-nickel deposits of the Noril’sk region and the regional setting in which they are localized, as well as a valid explanation of the absence of similar deposits associated with trap magmatism elsewhere within the Siberian platform, is necessary and requires interpretation of additional geological, geophysical and petrological data in adjacent areas.
Recent multifaceted studies that have been devoted to understanding the evolution of the structure of the Noril’sk and other regions of the northern part of the Siberian platform [15, 26, 44, 59, 84, 106, 146, etc.] allow one to evaluate the formational conditions of the unique concentration of metals with respect to the geodynamic setting. They also allow one to be more confident in interpreting a structural development for this terrain in terms of the superposition on mature continental crust of tectonic movements that activated basalt
Deep Structure of the Noril’sk Region and Distribution of the Ore Formations
Authors: Duzhikov O.A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The northern part of the Siberian platform and the Taimyr epi-platformal fold system, which are separated by the Yeneseisko-Khatangsky Rift, belong to the Precambrian North Asian superplatform [106]. The major metallogenic features are deposits of the North Siberian nickel-bearing area. The mineralization of the Noril’sk region, which is attributed to evolution of a mantle picritoidal melt, is a unique phenomenon, which has no analogues within the region. The ultramafic/mafic products of the nickel-bearing magmatism of the Noril’sk region are closely associated with trap and later magmatism which is spatially and genetically connected with various deposits that are associated with specific magmatic complexes.
The present interpretation of the deep structure, evolution of magmatism and endogenic ore formation of the region is based on results of recent complex geological and geophysical [1, 15, 22, 45, 109, 1l7, 128, 138] and metallogenic [20, 33, 37, 60, 85, 106, 135] studies.
The northern part of the Siberian platform, as well as the Southern Taimyr fold belt, being the relict constituent elements of the northern Asian craton, have developed as a result of multiple, but mainly late Hercynian, autonomous activity, as seen in the intense rifting. The North Asian craton extended from the Ural belt to Verkhoyanya, and from the Northzemelsky archipelago up to the Sayan (mountains). In Archean and Early Proterozoic times this vast terrain was a fold-belt which was later split by aulacogenes into huge blocks that developed during the Riphean and Paleozoic as a unique, gigantic structure. The trap field of
Outcomes of trimodality bladder-sparing therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Nguyen Eric K. , Yu Hang , Pond Gregory , Shayegan Bobby , Pinthus Jehonathan H. , Kapoor Anil , Mukherjee Som D. , Neville Alan , Lalani Aly-Khan A. , Hotte Sebastien J. , Corbett Thomas B. , Dayes Ian S. , Lukka Himanshu R. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Although radical cystectomy is considered the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), recent data has suggested comparable survival outcomes for bladder-sparing trimodality therapy (TMT). We conducted a retrospective, single-institution analysis of MIBC patients to evaluate the efficacy of TMT as an alternative, curative approach to surgical intervention.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of MIBC patients assessed by a multidisciplinary team at the Juravinski Cancer Centre from 2010–2016. Patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Patients could receive neoadjuvant treatment. Clinical data and response rates were summarized, and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Results: Our analytic cohort included 115 patients, of whom 53 underwent TMT and 62 who underwent radiotherapy alone following TURBT. Median age at diagnosis was 79 years and median followup was 21 months. Complete response rates in those receiving TMT and radiation without chemotherapy were 84.4% and 66.7%, respectively. For TMT patients, three-year OS and DFS were 68.5% and 49.6%, respectively. Patients who received TMT had reduction in risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; p=0.026) and disease recurrence (HR 0.55; p=0.017) compared to those who had radiation without chemotherapy. Overall, four patients had grade 3 or higher late toxicity.
Conclusions: In this single-institution analysis, TMT appears to be a safe and effective approach in the short-term management of MIBC in appropriately selected patients. Extended followup and analysis are necessary to validate these results.