bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible EBG‐backed PIFA based on conductive textile and PDMS for wearable applications
Authors: Gao Guoping , Wang Shaofei , Zhang Ruifeng , Yang Chen , Hu Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA wearable planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) fed by the coplanar waveguide (CPW) and backed with an optimized electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is presented. The antenna is made of conductive textile and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is a conformal and robust solution to wearable applications. The EBG unit cell is miniaturized according to the equivalent circuit model, and the cross‐polarization is suppressed due to its approximate 180° reflection phase in the orthogonal direction. The measured impedance bandwidth ranges from 2.30 to 2.65 GHz, which covers the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band. The antenna keeps a high gain and efficiency above 70% under different conditions including being flat, bent, and close to the human body. The maximum SAR value is limited to 0.612 and 0.330 W/kg under 1 and 10 g standard, respectively. Therefore, the antenna is a promising candidate for wearable applications in various domains.
A new approach to accelerate readout segmented EPI with compressed sensing
Authors: Liebig Patrick Alexander , Heidemann Robin Martin , Hensel Bernhard , Porter David Andrew 
Published: December 2019

PurposeHigh resolution diffusion‐weighted imaging is limited by susceptibility‐induced distortions and relaxation‐induced blurring. Segmented acquisition techniques can address these limitations at the expense of a prolonged scan time. If segmentation is performed along the readout direction, e.g., in RESOLVE (readout segmentation of long and variable echo‐trains), scan time can be reduced by readout (RO) partial Fourier methods, or simultaneous multi‐slice (SMS) methods. In this paper, we present a new approach to additionally accelerate the image acquisition called variable segment (VASE) RESOLVE.MethodsTo avoid discontinuities at the boundaries of the segments, the phase evolution and therefore the effective echo‐spacing needs to be adjusted. To achieve this, we use higher undersampling factors in the outer parts of k‐space. Simultaneously we increase the width of the outer segments resulting in an increase of the echo‐spacing. Because of this variation, we introduce a kind of randomization to the sampling scheme. This enables the use of compressed sensing reconstruction techniques, which results in improved image quality compared to standard parallel imaging methods.ResultsThe RMS errors for the VASE RESOLVE acquisitions were lower compared to the standard reconstructions. The VASE RESOLVE in vivo images show a higher apparent signal to noise ratio.ConclusionVASE RESOLVE is a new approach to further decrease the acquisition time of RO segmented acquisitions. Compared to RESOLVE with SMS, VASE RESOLVE additionally reduces the acquisition time by a factor of 2.
Establishing a rapid classification and identification method for the major triterpenoids of Alisma orientale
Authors: Yang Na , Dong Ya‐Qian , Wu Meng‐Fan , Li Shan‐Ze , Yu Hong‐Xin , Yang Shen‐Shen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlismatis Rhizoma (AR) has been widely used to treat various diseases. Its complex chemical composition has caused certain difficulties in the analysis of this traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method for the rapid classification and identification of the chemical constituents of AR.ObjectiveThis article describes a method for the rapid classification and identification of major triterpenoids in AR.MethodologyThe samples were analysed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). The assay was performed on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with 0.1% formic acid in water (A), and acetonitrile (B) as mobile phase by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. In the positive ion mode, the fragment information was obtained and compared with the characteristic fragments and neutral losses described in the literature. Then, the rapid classification and identification of the chemical components from AR were achieved.ResultsFinally, 25 triterpene compounds of AR were identified.ConclusionsThe method established in this study achieved the rapid classification and identification of chemical components in AR, which promotes the development of research methods to study the constituents of traditional Chinese medicine.
Unsichtbares sichtbar gemacht
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit kurzem gibt es kleine Infrarotkameras zum Aufstecken auf Smartphones oder in diesen integriert. Dargestellt werden die Infrarotbilder auf deren Displays. Der günstige Anschaffungspreis könnte zur Verbreitung dieser Technik beitragen. Solche einfachen Kameras ermöglichen bereits spannende Experimente für Schulen, trotz technischer Limitierungen. Das sind in der Hauptsache die geringe räumliche Auflösung und die stark reduzierte Möglichkeit, die Aufnahmen quantitativ auszuwerten. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über verfügbare Modelle für Smartphones, deren Eigenschaften, Hinweise zum sinnvollen Einsatz und Interpretation der Aufnahmen. Im Zentrum stehen die räumliche Auflösung und Bildverarbeitung.
Das Treibhausgas‐Schnüffelnetz
Authors: Arnold Sabrina , Lindauer Matthias , Muller Jennifer , Kubistin Dagmar 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) ist eine auf mindestens 20 Jahre ausgelegte europäische Forschungsinfrastruktur. Fertig ausgebaut, sollen mehr als 130 über Europa verteilte Stationen hochpräzise und zeitlich hochaufgelöste Treibhausgasmessungen bereitstellen. Ermöglicht wird dies zum einen durch extrem empfindliche Messtechniken, zum Beispiel Laserspektroskopie, zum anderen durch eine hohe Standardisierung der Messsysteme, der Erfassung und Auswertung der Daten sowie einer strengen Qualitätskontrolle und Qualitätssicherung. Basierend auf ICOS‐Daten und mit geeigneten Inversionsmodellen sollen Veränderungen bei den Treibhausgasflüssen in Deutschland verfolgt werden. Damit wird der Erfolg von Maßnahmen zur Emissionsminderung von Treibhausgasen verifizierbar.
Development of cost‐effective RP‐HPLC methods for detection of cyclophosphamide, etoposide and paclitaxel
Authors: Yadav Ankush , Pandey Shailesh , Mandal Mrinal Kanti , Dubey Kashyap Kumar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractQuantification of cyclophosphamide, palcitaxel and etoposide in water sample using simple analytical technique is challenging. In this study, we have developed a simple, sensitive, robust and accurate method for the detection and quantification of cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and paclitaxel using high‐performance liquid chromatography and validated the same. The analytical conditions were achieved by the high‐performance liquid chromatography system on a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 µm) under isocratic mode. The retention time for cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel and etoposide were 2:40.1, 3:32.3 and 3:49.3 min respectively. We validated the method by evaluating system sensitivity and linearity. We anticipate the method to be useful in quantification of cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel and etoposide in water sample.
Cruce et Aratro: Fascism, Missionary Schools, and Labor in 1920s Italian Somalia
Authors: Scalvedi Caterina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Until the 1920s, the Catholic missionary presence in Italian Somalia was weak due to both the lack of resources and the colonial state’s anti-clerical attitude. Things changed under the first fascist governor Cesare Maria De Vecchi (1923–1928) and the work of Consolata Fathers (1924–1930). Then, church and state cooperated in the active expansion of missionary-run education, especially catechism and the teaching of practical arts among the local youth. Governmental, Vatican, and missionary sources suggest that the very motor of colonial school building was the need for local skilled labor and that, while De Vecchi promoted assimilationist teaching, his successor Guido Corni (1928–1931) switched to curriculum adaptation and discouraged evangelization. Such a change reflects broader trends in the history of global education as well as racial thinking and religious policy in Italian colonies.
Long-term shifts in abundance of (migratory) crop-feeding and beneficial insect species in northeastern Asia
Authors: Guo Jianglong , Fu Xiaowei , Zhao Shengyuan , Shen Xiujing , Wyckhuys Kris A. G. , Wu Kongming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVast numbers of insects annually engage in trans-latitudinal migration and thereby impact structure and functioning of natural and man-made ecosystems. In eastern Asia, long-distance migration has historically been studied for single insect species rather than diverse species complexes. Here, we assessed migration dynamics of multiple economically important migratory species on an island in the Bohai Strait, China. Drawing upon 15-year trapping records of > 2.5 million specimens, we unveil inter- and intra-annual shifts in the species composition and abundance of migrant individuals. Migrants belonged to 9 orders and 36 families, primarily consisting of Lepidoptera (79% individuals), Odonata (8%), and Coleoptera (4%). Seven crop-feeding noctuids, e.g.,Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner),Mythimna separata(Walker), represented 54% of the total trapping records. Trap catches exhibited marked seasonal variation, with the highest capture rate during early fall. Yearly abundance of migratory noctuids was coupled with that of their associated natural enemies. Although overall trap catches did not decrease over the monitoring period, the entire order of Odonata experienced a 14.1% annual rate of decline. Furthermore, 19 out of 108 species exhibited a progressively declining abundance over time, including the cosmopolitan cutwormAgrotis ipsilon(Hufnagel) and the insectivorous dragonflyPantala flavescensFabricius. Our work provides unprecedented insights into insect migration dynamics in eastern Asia, helps fine-tune forecasting and early-warning systems of crop pests, and thereby guides integrated pest management within local agro-landscapes. Also, a long-term tracking of migrant insect populations can shine light on the fate of (insect-mediated) ecosystem services and trophic dynamic processes at a macroscale.
A Medical Science Educator’s Guide to Selecting a Research Paradigm: Building a Basis for Better Research
Authors: Brown Megan E.L. , Dueñas Angelique N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA research paradigm, or set of common beliefs about research, should be a key facet of any research project. However, despite its importance, there is a paucity of general understanding in the medical sciences education community regarding what a research paradigm consists of and how to best construct one. With the move within medical sciences education towards greater methodological rigor, it is now more important than ever for all educators to understand simply how to better approach their research via paradigms. In this monograph, a simplified approach to selecting an appropriate research paradigm is outlined. Suggestions are based on broad literature, medical education sources, and the author’s own experiences in solidifying and communicating their research paradigms. By assisting in detailing the philosophical underpinnings of individuals research approaches, this guide aims to help all researchers improve the rigor of their projects and improve upon overall understanding in research communication.
NATURAL HEDGES WITH IMMUNIZATION STRATEGIES OF MORTALITY AND INTEREST RATES
Authors: Lin Tzuling , Tsai Cary Chi-liang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we first derive closed-form formulas for mortality-interest durations and convexities of the prices of life insurance and annuity products with respect to an instantaneously proportional change and an instantaneously parallel movement, respectively, in μ* (the force of mortality-interest), the addition of μ (the force of mortality) and δ (the force of interest). We then build several mortality-interest duration and convexity matching strategies to determine the weights of whole life insurance and deferred whole life annuity products in a portfolio and evaluate the value at risk and the hedge effectiveness of the weighted portfolio surplus at time zero. Numerical illustrations show that using the mortality-interest duration and convexity matching strategies with respect to an instantaneously proportional change in μ* can more effectively hedge the longevity risk and interest rate risk embedded in the deferred whole life annuity products than using the mortality-only duration and convexity matching strategies with respect to an instantaneously proportional shift or an instantaneously constant movement in μ only.
How the Primer-Literate Read Ming Steles: A Digital Speculation
Authors: Schneewind Sarah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHistorians disagree about the role of literacy in Ming society. Certainly, the stone inscriptions that littered the Chinese landscape displayed elaborate essays showing the gentry author's erudition and compositional skill. Yet steles for shrines to living officials also sent political messages. They authorized and amplified the voice of “the common people,” embodying and explicitly arguing for a popular voice in the evaluation of magistrates and prefects. How were these texts on public monuments understood by the many Ming people with only basic literacy? The Late Imperial Primer Literacy Sieve is a digital tool that sifts a target text, such as a commemorative stele, leaving only the characters found in one or more primers. The Sieve may bring us closer to understanding not only what was written, but what was read. The article argues that the message of premortem steles about popular participation could indeed come across.
The ventral lateral parietal cortex in episodic memory: From content to attribution
Authors: Tibon Roni 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The ventral lateral parietal cortex (VLPC) shows robust activation during episodic retrieval, and is involved in content representation, as well as in the evaluation of memory traces. This suggests that the VLPC has a crucial contribution to the quality of recollection and the subjective experience of remembering, and situates it at the intersection of the core and attribution systems.
Episodic memory is emotionally laden memory, requiring amygdala involvement
Authors: Staniloiu Angelica , Markowitsch Hans J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The memory impairment of neurological and psychiatric patients is seen as occurring mainly in the autobiographical-episodic memory domain and this is considered to depend on limbic structures such as the amygdala or the septal nuclei. Especially the amygdala is a hub for giving an emotional flavor to personal memories. Bastin et al. fail to include the amygdala in their integrative memory model.
Religious Adherence, Women-Friendliness, and Representation in American State Legislatures
Authors: Pyeatt Nicholas L. , Yanus Alixandra B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNational and cross-national studies demonstrate that the probability of women candidates' emergence and success is lower in more religious areas. One recent study of the U.S. House of Representatives even suggests that the effect of religiosity may be so powerful as to render insignificant other contextual factors, including a district's baseline women-friendliness. We argue that this finding is an institutional artifact; in less competitive contests with more internally similar constituencies, both religion and other contextual factors should affect women candidates' emergence and victory. We test this proposition using state legislative data and find that while women are less likely to run and win in more religious areas, district women-friendliness has an independent, positive effect on women's candidacies. These effects are particularly noteworthy in districts with large evangelical Protestant populations and affect Republican and Democratic women similarly.
Semi‐decadal and decadal signals in atmospheric excitation of length‐of‐day
Authors: Yu. Nan , Chen Gang , Ray Jim , Chen Wei , Chao Nengfang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAt timescales shorter than about 2~yr, non‐tidal length‐of‐day (LOD) variations are mainly excited by angular momentum exchanges between the atmospheric, oceanic and continental hydrological fluid envelopes and the underlying solid Earth. On decadal timescales, the dominant excitation sources of LOD variations are from core and mantle coupling. But the excitations of semi‐decadal (specifically 2~8 yr here) signals in length‐of‐day is less clear, and have been characterized by signals with a wide range of periods and varying amplitudes, including a peak at about 5~6 yr. Here sliding window average filtering is applied to isolate semi‐decadal signals from both geodetic technique observed LOD excitation (shorten to geodetic excitation for convenience) and atmospheric LOD excitations. Based on careful comparison between these two excitation series, we find that (1) the 5~6 yr oscillation in geodetic excitations is not periodically consistent; (2) there is a 5~yr oscillation in atmospheric excitation series, and atmosphere can explain all the semi‐decadal oscillation shorter than about 5~yr in geodetic LOD excitations; (3) contributions from atmosphere to 5~6 yr oscillation in LOD variations is small and cannot be clearly determined; (4) it appears that there are some modest long‐period (longer than 10 yr periods) signals in the atmospheric excitations, but these could be artifacts of the models. Then we compare those peaks/troughs epochs in the residual series between geodetic and atmospheric excitations (ROBS_ATM series for short) with the observed geomagnetic jerks, and find that all of the geomagnetic jerks can match one peaks/troughs in the ROBS_ATM series, and they occurred at the same time or within one year before these peaks/troughs. It implies that there is a common origin for the processes giving rise to geomagnetic jerks and the remaining 5~6 yr oscillation in the ROBS_ATM series.
On the Co‐Seismic Ionospheric Disturbances (CIDs) in the Rapid Run Ionosonde Observations Over Allahabad Following Mw 7.8 Nepal Earthquake on April 25, 2015
Authors: Sripathi S. , Singh Ram , Tiwari Prabhakar , Kumar M. Ravi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present high‐resolution ionosonde observations at Allahabad (25.43°N, 81.84°E) near anomaly crest location in India along with GPS TEC to investigate the possible signatures of co‐seismic disturbances (CIDs) in the ionosphere during Mw7.8 Nepal Earthquake that occurred at 06:11:26 UT on 25 April 2015. The epicenter of the earthquake (28.147°N, 84.708°E) was located at ~77 km north‐west of Kathmandu with a shallow depth of 15 km. The mechanical shock disturbances produce Rayleigh waves and Rayleigh wave induced acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) during earthquake which propagate into the ionosphere and produced plasma density fluctuations due to collisions. The manifestation of these waves produces ‘wiggles' or ‘cusps' in the ionograms known as Multiple‐Cusp Signatures (MCS). The detection of multiple cusps in the ionograms at Allahabad indicates the altitude structure of Rayleigh wave and it's induced AGWs. To confirm co‐seismic signatures in ionosonde further, we scaled the ionograms at iso‐density and iso‐heights along with foF2 (MHz) and h'F (km). The periodogram and wavelet analysis suggest the presence of acoustic gravity waves and gravity waves with frequencies in the range of 0.7‐1.5 mHz over the altitude range of 180‐250 km. The foF2 variations show wave like oscillations having frequency of 0.5 mHz after the onset of earthquake. The GPS TEC also show signatures of co‐seismic perturbations having frequencies in the range of 2‐4 mHz and are propagated to southward with a speed of 0.5‐1.0 km/s. These results suggest that there exists a good coupling between seismic activity and ionized density perturbations after Nepal earthquake.
A Statistical Study on The Local Time Dependence of Equatorial Spread F (ESF) Irregularities and Their Relation to Low‐Latitude Es Layers Under Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Singh Ram , Sripathi S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a study on the local time dependence of equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularities and their relation to low‐latitude Es layers in response to geomagnetic storms using simultaneous observations of two ionosondes one located at Tirunelveli (8.73°N, 77.70°E), an equatorial station and other located at Hyderabad (17.36°N, 78.47°E), an off‐equatorial station during the years 2007–2015 that covers solar cycles 23 and 24. The Aarons criteria for the ESF irregularities for different seasons under geomagnetic storms are evaluated. In the category I, we noticed partial enhancement in prereversal enhancement (PRE) during postsunset resulting in ~30% occurrence of spread F instead of total inhibition during equinox and winter seasons. Also, occurrence of ESF in summer is suppressed by only ~75% due to partial increase in PRE. In category II, we observed presunrise height enhancement mostly during winter, which caused ESF to occur at ~50% followed by equinox and summer. The results presented here suggest that many are actually not following the Aarons criteria possibly due to not considering other background conditions. Accordingly, we examined the plausible role of low‐latitude Es layers on the generation of ESF irregularities under these categories during geomagnetic storms. We noticed the absence/presence of Es layers in both categories during postsunset and postmidnight hours resulting in increase/decrease of PRE due to modifications in the field‐line‐integrated Pederson conductivity. Accordingly, the results suggest that one of the plausible reasons for ESF irregularities not following Aarons criteria is linked to the variability of the low‐latitude Es layers.
Spatial Patterns and Trends in Surface Air Temperatures and Implied Changes in Atmospheric Moisture Across the Hawaiian Islands, 1905–2017
Authors: Kagawa‐Viviani A. K. , Giambelluca T. W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile the Hawaiian Islands are experiencing long‐term warming, spatial and temporal patterns are poorly characterized. Drawing on daily temperature records from 309 stations (1905–2017), we explored relationships of surface air temperatures (Tmax, Tmin, Tavg, and diurnal temperature range) to atmospheric, oceanic, and land surface variables. Statistical modeling of spatial patterns (2006–2017) highlighted the strong negative influence of elevation and moisture on air temperature and the effects of distance inland, cloud frequency, wind speed, and the local trade wind inversion on the elevation dependence of surface air temperature. We developed time series of sea level air temperature and surface lapse rate by modeling surface air temperature as a simple function of elevation and found a strong long‐term (1905–2017) warming trend in sea level Tmin, twice that of Tmax (+0.17 vs +0.07°C/decade), suggesting regional warming, possibly enhanced by urbanization and cloud cover effects. Removing this trend, sea level Tmax and Tmin tracked SST and rainfall at decadal time scales, while Tmax increased with periods of weakened trade winds. Sea level air temperatures correlated with North Pacific climate indices, reflecting the influence of regional circulation via SST, rain, clouds, and trade winds that modulate environmental warming across the Hawaiian Islands. Increasing (steeper) Tmax surface lapse rates for the 0‐ to 1,600‐m elevation range (into the cloud zone) over 1978–2017 coincide with observations of marine boundary layer drying and rising cloud base heights, suggesting a need to better understand elevation‐dependent warming in this tropical/subtropical maritime environment and associated changes to cloud formation and persistence.