bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic differences in experiences with treatment of coronary heart disease: a qualitative study from the perspective of elderly patients
Authors: Schröder Sara Lena , Fink Astrid , Richter Matthias 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThis qualitative study aims to analyse socioeconomic differences in patients’ experiences along the treatment pathway for coronary heart disease (CHD).DesignA longitudinal qualitative study using in-depth semistructured interviews to explore patients’ experiences with treatment was conducted. We analysed the transcripts of the records according to qualitative content analysis and identified differences between patients with lower and higher socioeconomic status (SES) by comparing and contrasting the narratives.SettingThe University Hospital in Halle (Saale), Germany.Participants41 elderly patients (aged 59–80 years) who suffered from CHD.ResultsFrom various patient’s experiences along the pathway of care which were found to differ according to SES we derived three major themes: (1) information: patients with higher SES had greater knowledge about treatment and could use medical records as sources of information; (2) illness perception: patients with lower SES focused on improving symptoms and survival, while patients with higher SES focused on physical performance and disease management; and (3) perceived role in healthcare: patients with lower SES tended to delegate responsibility to healthcare professionals.ConclusionsDifferences in the patient’s knowledge about treatment, their perceived role in healthcare and illness perception can be the factors and mechanisms that contribute to explain socioeconomic inequalities in the treatment of CHD. These factors should be considered in quantitative studies to better understand the disparities in treatment and mortality. We suggest that improving patient–physician communication and patient knowledge can change the patient’s understanding of CHD and their perceived role in healthcare and reduce inequalities in CHD treatment.Trial registration numberDRKS00007839.
Barriers and facilitators to employment for young adults with mental illness: a scoping review
Authors: Gmitroski Taryn , Bradley Christl , Heinemann Lyn , Liu Grace , Blanchard Paige , Beck Charlotte , Mathias Steve , Leon Adelena , Barbic Skye Pamela 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThe issue of gaining employment for those with mental illness is a growing global concern. For many in the young adult population, who are at a transitional age, employment is a central goal. In response, we conducted a scoping review to answer the question, ‘What are the barriers and facilitators to employment for young adults with mental illness?’DesignWe conducted a scoping review in accordance to the Arksey and O’Malley framework. We performed a thorough search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, ABI/INFORM, PsycINFO and Cochrane. We included studies that considered young adults aged 15–29 years of age with a mental health diagnosis, who were seeking employment or were included in an employment intervention.ResultsOur search resulted in 24 research articles that focused on employment for young adults with mental illness. Four main themes were extracted from the literature: (1) integrated health and social services, (2) age-exposure to employment supports, (3) self-awareness and autonomy and (4) sustained support over the career trajectory.ConclusionsOur review suggests that consistent youth-centred employment interventions, in addition to usual mental health treatment, can facilitate young adults with mental illness to achieve their employment goals. Aligning the mental health and employment priorities of young adults may result in improved health and social outcomes for this population while promoting greater engagement of young adults in care.
SAFETEL randomised controlled feasibility trial of a safety planning intervention with follow-up telephone contact to reduce suicidal behaviour: study protocol
Authors: O’Connor Rory C , Lundy Jenna-Marie , Stewart Corinna , Smillie Susie , McClelland Heather , Syrett Suzy , Gavigan Marcela , McConnachie Alex , Smith Michael , Smith Daniel J , Brown Gregory K , Stanley Barbara , Simpson Sharon Anne 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThere are no evidence-based interventions that can be administered in hospital settings following a general hospital admission after a suicide attempt.AimTo determine whether a safety planning intervention (SPI) with follow-up telephone support (SAFETEL) is feasible and acceptable to patients admitted to UK hospitals following a suicide attempt.Methods and analysisThree-phase development and feasibility study with embedded process evaluation. Phase I comprises tailoring an SPI with telephone follow-up originally designed for veterans in the USA, for use in the UK. Phase II involves piloting the intervention with patients (n=30) who have been hospitalised following a suicide attempt. Phase III is a feasibility randomised controlled trial of 120 patients who have been hospitalised following a suicide attempt with a 6-month follow-up. Phase III participants will be recruited from across four National Health Service hospitals in Scotland and randomised to receive either the SPI with telephone follow-up and treatment as usual (n=80) or treatment as usual only (n=40). The primary outcomes are feasibility outcomes and include the acceptability of the intervention to participants and intervention staff, the feasibility of delivery in this setting, recruitment, retention and intervention adherence as well as the feasibility of collecting the self-harm re-admission to hospital outcome data. Statistical analyses will include description of recruitment rates, intervention adherence/use, response rates and estimates of the primary outcome event rates, and intervention effect size (Phase III). Thematic analyses will be conducted on interview and focus group data.Ethics and disseminationThe East of Scotland Research Ethics Service (EoSRES) approved this study in March 2017 (GN17MH101 Ref: 17/ES/0036). The study results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. A participant summary paper will also be disseminated to patients, service providers and policy makers alongside the main publication.Trial registration numberISRCTN62181241.
Submissions from the SPRINT Data Analysis Challenge on clinical risk prediction: a cross-sectional evaluation
Authors: Jackevicius Cynthia A , An JaeJin , Ko Dennis T , Ross Joseph S , Angraal Suveen , Wallach Joshua D , Koh Maria , Song Jeeeun , Krumholz Harlan M 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo collate and systematically characterise the methods, results and clinical performance of the clinical risk prediction submissions to the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) Data Analysis Challenge.DesignCross-sectional evaluation.Data sourcesSPRINT Challenge online submission website.Study selectionSubmissions to the SPRINT Challenge for clinical prediction tools or clinical risk scores.Data extractionIn duplicate by three independent reviewers.ResultsOf 143 submissions, 29 met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 23/29 (79%) reported prediction models for an efficacy outcome (20/23 [87%] of these used the SPRINT study primary composite outcome, 14/29 [48%] used a safety outcome, and 4/29 [14%] examined a combined safety/efficacy outcome). Age and cardiovascular disease history were the most common variables retained in 80% (12/15) of the efficacy and 60% (6/10) of the safety models. However, no two submissions included an identical list of variables intending to predict the same outcomes. Model performance measures, most commonly, the C-statistic, were reported in 57% (13/23) of efficacy and 64% (9/14) of safety model submissions. Only 2/29 (7%) models reported external validation. Nine of 29 (31%) submissions developed and provided evaluable risk prediction tools. Using two hypothetical vignettes, 67% (6/9) of the tools provided expected recommendations for a low-risk patient, while 44% (4/9) did for a high-risk patient. Only 2/29 (7%) of the clinical risk prediction submissions have been published to date.ConclusionsDespite use of the same data source, a diversity of approaches, methods and results was produced by the 29 SPRINT Challenge competition submissions for clinical risk prediction. Of the nine evaluable risk prediction tools, clinical performance was suboptimal. By collating an overview of the range of approaches taken, researchers may further optimise the development of risk prediction tools in SPRINT-eligible populations, and our findings may inform the conduct of future similar open science projects.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture with Doin therapy for chronic neck pain: a study protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lee Sook-Hyun , Lee Jinho , Lee Yoon Jae , Kim Me-riong , Cho Jae Heung , Kim Koh-Woon , Ha In-Hyuk 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionDoin therapy is a manual therapy used in Korean rehabilitation medicine. Recently, the use of acupuncture with Doin has increased in clinics and clinical trials have demonstrated its effects. However, well-designed studies examining the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture with Doin therapy are rare.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, assessor-blinded, randomised controlled trial with two parallel groups aims to evaluate the clinical effects and cost-effectiveness of acupuncture with Doin therapy. A total of 124 patients (with a neck pain duration of 6 months or longer and a Numeric Rating Scale ≥5) will be recruited at five Korean medicine hospitals. Patients will be randomly allocated to acupuncture with Doin therapy (n=62) and acupuncture alone (n=62) for 5 weeks of treatment. This study will be carried out with outcome assessor and statistician blinding. The primary outcome measure will consist of improvement in neck pain using the Visual Analogue Scale at 6 weeks. The secondary outcomes including measures of pain, functional disability, health-related quality of life and economic evaluation will be conducted at 6 weeks, and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatmentEthics and disseminationThe project is approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine and the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong. Dissemination will occur after the findings from this study are published in other peer reviewed journals.Trial registration numbersNCT03558178; KCT0003068; Pre-results.
Cost-effectiveness of a combined classroom curriculum and parental intervention: economic evaluation of data from the Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Agus Ashley , McKay Michael , Cole Jonathan , Doherty Paul , Foxcroft David , Harvey Séamus , Murphy Lynn , Percy Andrew , Sumnall Harry 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP) compared with education as normal (EAN) in reducing self-reported heavy episodic drinking (HED) in adolescents.DesignThis is a cost-effectiveness analysis from a public sector perspective conducted as part of a cluster randomised trial.SettingThis study was conducted in 105 high schools in Northern Ireland and in Scotland.ParticipantsStudents in school year 8/S1 (aged 11–12) at baseline were included in the study.InterventionsThis is a classroom-based alcohol education curricula, combined with a brief alcohol intervention for parents/carers.Outcome measuresThe outcome of this study is the cost per young person experiencing HED avoided due to STAMPP at 33 months from baseline.ResultsThe total cost of STAMPP was £85 900, equivalent to £818 per school and £15 per pupil. Due to very low uptake of the parental component, we calculated costs of £692 per school and £13 per pupil without this element. Costs per pupil were reduced further to £426 per school and £8 per pupil when it was assumed there were no additional costs of classroom delivery if STAMPP was delivered as part of activities such as personal, social, health and economic education. STAMPP was associated with a significantly greater proportion of pupils experiencing a heavy drinking episode avoided (0.08/8%) and slightly lower public sector costs (mean difference −£17.19). At a notional willingness-to-pay threshold of £15 (reflecting the cost of STAMPP), the probability of STAMPP being cost-effective was 56%. This level of uncertainty reflected the substantial variability in the cost differences between groups.ConclusionsSTAMPP was relatively low cost and reduced HED. STAMPP was not associated with any clear public sector cost savings, but neither did it increase them or lead to any cost-shifting within the public sector categories. Further research is required to establish if the cost-effectiveness of STAMPP is sustained in the long term.Trial registration numberISRCTN47028486; Results.
Copattern of depression and alcohol use in medical care patients: cross-sectional study in Germany
Authors: Guertler Diana , Moehring Anne , Krause Kristian , Batra Anil , Eck Sandra , Freyer-Adam Jennis , Ulbricht Sabina , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Bischof Gallus , John Ulrich , Meyer Christian 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo predict depressive symptom severity and presence of major depression along the full alcohol use continuum.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAmbulatory practices and general hospitals from three sites in Germany.ParticipantsConsecutive patients aged 18–64 years were proactively approached for an anonymous health screening (participation rate=87%, N=12 828). Four continuous alcohol use measures were derived from an expanded Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT): alcohol consumption in grams per day and occasion, excessive consumption in days per months and the AUDIT sum score. Depressive symptoms were assessed for the worst 2-week period in the last 12 months using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). Negative binomial and logistic regression analyses were used to predict depressive symptom severity (PHQ-8 sum score) and presence of major depression (PHQ-8 sum score≥10) by the alcohol use measures.ResultsAnalyses revealed that depressive symptom severity and presence of major depression were significantly predicted by all alcohol use measures after controlling for sociodemographics and health behaviours (p<0.05). The relationships were curvilinear: lowest depressive symptom severity and odds of major depression were found for alcohol consumptions of 1.1 g/day, 10.5 g/occasion, 1 excessive consumption day/month, and those with an AUDIT score of 2. Higher depressive symptom severity and odds of major depression were found for both abstinence from and higher levels of alcohol consumption. Interaction analyses revealed steeper risk increases in women and younger individuals for most alcohol use measures.ConclusionFindings indicate that alcohol use and depression in medical care patients are associated in a curvilinear manner and that moderation by gender and age is present.
Learning a new way of living together: a qualitative study exploring the relationship changes and intervention needs of patients with cardiovascular disease and their partners
Authors: Tulloch Heather , Bouchard Karen , Clyde Matthew J , Madrazo Lorenzo , Demidenko Natasha , Johnson Susan , Greenman Paul 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease (CVD) not only affects the patient, but has implications for the partner. Emerging evidence suggests that supportive couple relationships enhance CVD outcomes and reduce patient and partner distress. To date, however, little research has been done to address the couple relationship as a potentially important component of cardiac care. This article examines the impact of CVD on the couple relationship and assesses the perceived needs and desired intervention components of patients with CVD and their partners.DesignQualitative study using directed and conventional content analysis.SettingSingle-centre, tertiary cardiac care hospital that serves a population of 1.4 million in the Champlain region of Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsPatients with CVD and their partners (n=32, 16 couples) participated in focus groups. Patients were mainly male (75%), white (87.5%), aged 64.4 years (range 31–81 years), with varied cardiac diagnoses (50% coronary artery disease; 18.75% valve disease; 18.75% heart failure; 12.5% arrhythmia).ResultsFive categories were generated from the data reflecting changes within the couple relationship as a result of CVD: (1) emotional and communication disconnection; (2) overprotection of the patient; (3) role changes; (4) adjustment to lifestyle changes; and (5) positive relationship changes. Three categories were constructed regarding intervention needs and desired resources: (1) practical resources; (2) sharing with peers; and (3) relationship enhancement.ConclusionsOverall, the data suggest that there were profound changes in the couple relationship as a result of CVD, and that there is considerable need to better support the caregiving spouses and the couple as a unit. These results call for interventions designed to provide instrumental support, peer-sharing opportunities and relationship quality enhancement to help couples cope with CVD. Future studies should examine whether couples-based programming embedded into cardiac rehabilitation can be effective at improving relationship quality and reducing patient and partner stress in the aftermath of a cardiac event.
Effect of adiposity on differences in carotid plaque burden in studies conducted in Norway and Russia: a cross-sectional analysis of two populations at very different risk of cardiovascular mortality
Authors: Imahori Yume , Frost Chris , Mathiesen Ellisiv B , Ryabikov Andrey , Kudryavtsev Alexander V , Malyutina Sofia , Kornev Michael , Hughes Alun D , Hopstock Laila A , Leon David A 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesLarge differences exist in the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between Russia and Western European countries including Norway. Obesity prevalence may contribute to the differences. We investigated whether difference in the level of adiposity, assessed using body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR), could explain intercountry differences in the burden of carotid plaque, a measure of atherosclerosis, in the populations.DesignCross-sectional analysis. Logistic and linear regression models were used.SettingWe used population-based cross-sectional Know Your Heart (KYH) study in Russia and the Tromsø 7 study (Tromsø 7) in Norway.Participants3262 and 1800 men and women aged 40–69 years in KYH and Tromsø 7, respectively.Primary and secondary outcomeThe presence of carotid plaques and plaque score assessed using ultrasound.ResultsThe presence of carotid plaques and plaque score were higher in KYH than Tromsø 7 regardless of age group and sex. A positive association between carotid plaque burden and adiposity was found (OR of having at least one plaque per SD in WHR 1.18 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.31) for men; 1.15 (1.06 to 1.25) for women)) adjusted for age, smoking and education in a pooled analysis of the two studies. There was little evidence of the interaction between study and adiposity. These effects did not differ between the two studies. However, neither adiposity nor CVD risk factors (smoking, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, glycosylated haemoglobin) explained the higher carotid plaque burden in KYH compared with Tromsø 7.ConclusionAdiposity, especially abdominal adiposity, is a risk factor for carotid plaque in Russia and Norway, although neither adiposity nor established CVD risk factors explained the higher plaque burden in Russia. To reduce the CVD burden in Russia, beyond prevention and treatment of adiposity, further research is required to understand why Russia has a high burden of atherosclerosis.
Thefeasibility, appropriateness, and applicability of trauma scoring systems in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Feldhaus Isabelle , Carvalho Melissa , Waiz Ghazel , Igu Joel , Matthay Zachary , Dicker Rochelle , Juillard Catherine 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAbout 5.8 million people die each year as a result of injuries, and nearly 90% of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Trauma scoring is a cornerstone of trauma quality improvement (QI) efforts, and is key to organizing and evaluating trauma services. The objective of this review was to assess the appropriateness, feasibility, and QI applicability of traditional trauma scoring systems in LMIC settings.Materials and methodsThis systematic review searched PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and trauma-focused journals for articles describing the use of a standardized trauma scoring system to characterize holistic health status. Studies conducted in high-income countries (HIC) or describing scores for isolated anatomic locations were excluded. Data reporting a score’s capacity to discriminate mortality, feasibility of implementation, or use for QI were extracted and synthesized.ResultsOf the 896 articles screened, 336 were included. Over half of studies (56%) reported Glasgow Coma Scale, followed by Injury Severity Score (ISS; 51%), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS; 24%), Revised Trauma Score (RTS; 19%), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS; 14%), and Kampala Trauma Score (7%). While ISS was overwhelmingly predictive of mortality, 12 articles reported limited feasibility of ISS and/or AIS. RTS consistently underestimated injury severity. Over a third of articles (37%) reporting TRISS assessmentsobserved mortality that was greater than that predicted by TRISS. Several articles cited limited human resources as the key challenge to feasibility.ConclusionsThe findings of this review reveal that implementing systems designed for HICs may not be relevant to the burden and resources available in LMICs. Adaptations or alternative scoring systems may be more effective.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017064600.
Motion of massive particles around a charged Weyl black hole and the geodetic precession of orbiting gyroscopes
Authors: Fathi Mohsen , Kariminezhaddahka Mona , Olivares Marco , Villanueva J. R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe advanced state of cosmological observations constantly tests the alternative theories of gravity that originate from Einstein’s theory. However, this is not restricted to modifications to general relativity. In this sense, we work in the context of Weyl’s theory, more specifically, on a particular black hole solution for a charged massive source, which is confronted with the classical test of the geodetic precession, to obtain information about the parameters associated with this theory. To fully assess this spacetime, the complete geodesic structure for massive test particles is presented.
Flag-dipole spinors: On the dual structure derivation and $${\mathcal {C}}$$, $${\mathcal {P}}$$ and $${\mathcal {T}}$$ symmetries
Authors: Rogerio R. J. Bueno , Aguirre A. R. , Villalobos C. H. Coronado 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this manuscript we report the flag-dipole spinors dual structure direct definition and analyze the properties behind the corresponding operator which generates such structure. This particular construction may be interesting for cosmological, phenomenological and mathematical physics applications. In addition, we analyse the behaviour of the flag-dipole spinors under action of discrete symmetries, facing an unconventional property encoded on $$(\mathcal {CPT})^2$$

(
CPT
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2

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