bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of braking forces on displacement of integral bridges
Authors: Jarosz Jakub 
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the results of numerical analyses of the lateral displacement for reinforced concrete and single span integral bridge with foundations constructed on piles. The lateral displacement due to braking forces was analysed. Then, the results were compared to analogical displacement caused by the temperature increase. The following changeable bridge parameters were assumed: span length, deck height, piles length and piles diameter. The results of the lateral displacements were compared on concerning the fixing of the pile top. In the first case, the piles were fixed by pile cap, and in the second one, the piles were fixed directly to the deck. Moreover, two options of soil were considered. The first option in which soil was composed of sand and sandy silt, and the second one in which soil was composed of sand and clay. In the analysed cases, the displacement caused by braking forces accounts for 10% - 20% of the total lateral displacement of the ,construction. The research presented in this paper shows that the main determinants of the lateral displacement of integral bridges are piles diameters and the type of surrounding ground. Pile length is of small importance.
Wind tunnel model tests of Magnus type wind rotors with a horizontal rotation axis
Authors: Matys Piotr , Flaga Andrzej 
Published: September 2020

The paper presents results of wind tunnel tests of horizontal axis wind rotors of Magnus type. Firstly, measurements of aerodynamic side (lift) force and aerodynamic drag on rotating cylinder attached to horizontal aerodynamic balance were performed. Secondly, the model of single-blade rotor with counterbalance was tested.
KONSEP KAWASAN WISATA BERBASIS BUDAYA “RT DOLANAN NUSANTARA”
Authors: Reza Mohammad , Christina Endarwati Maria , Setyawan Arif 
Published: September 2020

Pariwisata adalah suatu aktivitas perubahan tempat tinggal sementara dari seseorang, di luar tempat tinggal sehari-hari dengan suatu alasan apapun selain melakukan kegiatan yang bisa menghasilkan upah atau gaji. Selain itu, pariwisata merupakan aktivitas, pelayanan dan produk hasil industri pariwisata yang mampu menciptakan pengalaman perjalanan bagi wisatawan. Tujuan dari Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat yaitu untuk mengetahui penerapan prinsip Landscape dalam perencanaan kawasan wisata berbasis budaya di Kelurahan Tasikmadu. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan pengelolaan destinasi pariwisata berkelanjutan, pemanfaatan ekonomi untuk masyarakat lokal, pelestarian budaya bagi masyarakat dan pengunjung serta pelestarian lingkungan dan membuat skenario pariwisata, yang diwujudkan dalam desain dan perencanaan pariwisata secara spesifik. Perencanaan Landscape dengan memerhatikan keadaan fisik wilayah menjadi modal perencanaan konsep wisata berbasis budaya. Salah satunya yaitu, pemilihan arah hadap Kawasan Wisata “RT Dolanan Nusantara” yang juga mempertimbangkan keberadaan Gunung Arjuna yang dapat terlihat dari lokasi perencanaan, sehingga menambah nilai keindahan bagi “RT Dolanan Nusantara”.
Plasmoid Ejection by Alfvén Waves and the Fast Radio Bursts from SGR 1935+2154
Authors: Yuan Yajie , Beloborodov Andrei M. , Chen Alexander Y. , Levin Yuri 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Using numerical simulations we show that low-amplitude Alfvén waves from a magnetar quake propagate to the outer magnetosphere and convert to “plasmoids” (closed magnetic loops) that accelerate from the star, driving blast waves into the magnetar wind. Quickly after its formation, the plasmoid becomes a thin relativistic pancake. It pushes out the magnetospheric field lines, and they gradually reconnect behind the pancake, generating a variable wind far stronger than the normal spindown wind of the magnetar. Repeating ejections drive blast waves in the amplified wind. We suggest that these ejections generate the simultaneous X-ray and radio bursts detected from SGR 1935+2154. A modest energy budget of the magnetospheric perturbation ∼1040 erg is sufficient to produce the observed bursts. Our simulation predicts a narrow (a few milliseconds) X-ray spike from the magnetosphere, arriving almost simultaneously with the radio burst emitted far outside the magnetosphere. This timing is caused by the extreme relativistic motion of the ejecta.
Detection of a Satellite of the Trojan Asteroid (3548) Eurybates—A Lucy Mission Target
Authors: Noll K. S. , Brown M. E. , Weaver H. A. , Grundy W. M. , Porter S. B. , Buie M. W. , Levison H. F. , Olkin C. , Spencer J. R. , Marchi S. , Statler T. S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We describe the discovery of a satellite of the Trojan asteroid (3548) Eurybates in images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. The satellite was detected on three separate epochs, two in 2018 September and one in 2020 January. The satellite has a brightness in all three epochs consistent with an effective diameter of d
2 = 1.2 ± 0.4 km. The projected separation from Eurybates was s ∼ 1700–2300 km and varied in position, consistent with a large range of possible orbits. Eurybates is a target of the Lucy Discovery mission and the early detection of a satellite provides an opportunity for a significant expansion of the scientific return from this encounter.
Could the Migration of Jupiter Have Accelerated the Atmospheric Evolution of Venus?
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Vervoort Pam , Horner Jonathan , Pozuelos Francisco J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the study of planetary habitability and terrestrial atmospheric evolution, the divergence of surface conditions for Venus and Earth remains an area of active research. Among the intrinsic and external influences on the Venusian climate history are orbital changes due to giant planet migration that have both variable incident flux and tidal heating consequences. Here, we present the results of a study that explores the effect of Jupiter’s location on the orbital parameters of Venus and subsequent potential water-loss scenarios. Our dynamical simulations show that various scenarios of Jovian migration could have resulted in orbital eccentricities for Venus as high as 0.31. We quantify the implications of the increased eccentricity, including tidal energy, surface energy flux, and the variable insolation flux expected from the faint young Sun. The tidal circularization timescale calculations demonstrate that a relatively high tidal dissipation factor is required to reduce the eccentricity of Venus to the present value, which implies a high initial water inventory. We further estimate the consequences of high orbital eccentricity on water loss, and estimate that the water-loss rate may have increased by at least ∼5% compared with the circular orbit case as a result of orbital forcing. We argue that these eccentricity variations for the young Venus may have accelerated the atmospheric evolution of Venus toward the inevitable collapse of the atmosphere into a runaway greenhouse state. The presence of giant planets in exoplanetary systems may likewise increase the expected rate of Venus analogs in those systems.
Corrigenda: Phylogenetic relationship of catshark species of the genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae) based on comparative morphology. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(2): 345–395. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.52420
Authors: Soares Karla D. A. , Carvalho Marcelo R. de 
Published: September 2020

The genus Scyliorhinus is part of the family Scyliorhinidae, the most diverse family of sharks and of the subfamily Scyliorhininae along with Cephaloscyllium and Poroderma. This study reviews the phylogenetic relationships of species of Scyliorhinus in the subfamily Scyliorhininae. Specimens of all Scyliorhinus species were examined as well as specimens of four of the 18 species of Cephaloscyllium, two species of Poroderma, representatives of almost all other catshark (scyliorhinid) genera and one proscylliid (Proscyllium habereri). A detailed morphological study, including external and internal morphology, morphometry and meristic data, was performed. From this study, a total of 84 morphological characters were compiled into a data matrix. Parsimony analysis was employed to generate hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships using the TNT 1.1. Proscyllium habereri was used to root the cladogram. The phylogenetic analysis, based on implied weighting (k = 3; 300 replications and 100 trees saved per replication), resulted in three equally most parsimonious cladograms with 233 steps, with a CI of 0.37 and an RI of 0.69. The monophyly of the subfamily Scyliorhininae is supported as well as of the genus Scyliorhinus, which is proposed to be the sister group of Cephaloscyllium. The phylogenetic relationships amongst Scyliorhinus species are presented for the frst time.
Egidio Tosatti
Authors: Campisi Corradino 
Published: September 2020

This paper is part of the monographic issue: ‘Did the Masters of the past know the future? History and update of Italian Phlebolymphology’
Guest editor: Alberto Macciò (Phlebology - Part I edited by G. Agus; Phlebology - Part II edited by P. Bonadeo; Lymphology edited by F. Boccardo)
Predictors of Intensive Phase Treatment Outcomes among Patients with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Zaria, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Oyefabi A. , Adelekan B. , Adetiba E. , Emmanuel L. , Jimoh O. 
Published: September 2020

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a threat to successful TB treatment outcomes in developing nations like Nigeria. This study determined the predictors of intensive phase treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients in Zaria, Nigeria.Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional review of the records of 124 MDR-TB patients registered between September 2012 and August 2017 at the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Centre, Saye, Zaria. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 and the StataCorp STATA/SE 14.Results: The median age (IQR) of the respondents was 32 (15) years. The gene Xpert test detected Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin resistance (RIF) in 119 (96.0%) cases. The treatment success rate was 97 (78.2%). MDR-TB and HIV co-infection rate was 17 (13.7%) while the case fatality rate was 16.1%. Bivariate analysis showed that being male (p=0.001), not currently in marital union (p=0.01) and positive smear results at 1 month (p=0.027)) were significantly associated with treatment success. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds for successful treatment outcome was 4 times higher for the MDR-TB patients who were employed than the unemployed (AOR= 3.98, 95% CI= 1.15-13.74). No significant relationship between MDR-TB-HIV comorbidity (AOR=1.89, 95% CI=0.44-8.19), MDR-TB susceptible to Isoniazid (AOR= 0.49, 95% CI =0.15-1.56) and successful treatment outcome.Conclusion: Unemployment was a predictor of poor treatment outcome in this study. Cause-specific mortality due to the MDR TB was high in this setting. We advocate for optimization of access to treatment and social support system, especially for the female patients.
Keywords: Gene Xpert; Intensive phase; MDR-TB; Treatment outcomes; Nigeria.
Effects of two rhizobacteria inoculants on maize growth performance at different concentrations of glyphosate
Authors: Akintokun P.O. , Ezaka E. , Akintokun A.K. , Oyedele O.A. 
Published: September 2020

The use of Rhizobacteria as biofertilizer is on the increase due to the ability of some of the bacteria to solubilize some insoluble essential nutrients in the soil and produce phytohormones necessary for plant growth. The effectiveness of two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in plant growth promotion at different concentrations of glyphosate were evaluated. Some agronomic parameters such as plant height, size of girth, number of leaves on the screen house and field were measured and recorded. The results of the effects of P. aeruginosa on the height of maize at different concentrations showed that the plants inoculated with the isolates and planted on the soil without glyphosate (control) recorded the highest height on the 2nd (34.9 cm), 4th (52.45 cm), 6th (61.17 cm) and 8th (66.25 cm) weeks after planting, when compared to those planted on the soil spiked with different concentrations of glyphosate. The effects of the isolates on the size of girth of maize on the soil spiked with different concentrations of glyphosate showed the highest girth size on the soil inoculated with P. aeruginosa eight weeks after planting (8 WAP) with a girth size of 2.0cm and least at 14.4 mg/ml of glyphosate with a girth size of 1.2 cm at 8 weeks after planting. Similar trend was observed on the soil inoculated with B. cereus (without glyphosate) with the highest girth in the 2nd and 4th WAP (1.02 and 1.42 cm, respectively). The results of our field studies showed no significant difference (P≤0.05) in the height and number of leaves of the maize at different treatments and time (weeks after planting). Similar trend was observed i n the yield of maize. This study has shown that these isolates can be useful as biofertilizers especially in the absence or at low concentration of glyphosate.
Keywords: Rhizobacteria, maize, Inoculants, Plant-growth-promotion.
Precocious puberty in a 24 month old Nigerian girl: case report
Authors: Oluwayemi I.O. , Afolabi A.A. , Adeniji E.O. , Ayeni T.O. 
Published: September 2020

Precocious puberty refers to the appearance of signs of puberty at an earlier age than is considered normal. It occurs ten times more commonly in girls than in boys. The overall incidence ranged from 1/5000 to 1/10,000 children. The cause is idiopathic in 90% of cases of female precocious puberty. We present BA a 24 month old female toddler who presented with one year history of progressive breast development and 6 month history of pubic hair growth. There was associated increasing weight, height and vaginal secretion. There was no similar occurrence in the family. Mother attained menarche at 14 years of age. Essential finding at presentation revealed a toddler who is heavy and tall for age with a weight of 17kg (>95th percentile for age and sex), height of 90.5cm (90th percentile for age and sex), Occipito-frontal circumference of 49cm (normal). Her sexual maturityrating was Tanner stage 3 for breasts and stage 2 for pubic hair. An assessment of precocious puberty was made. Her investigation result showed an advanced bone age of 5 years; elevated serum gonadotrophins in the pubertal range; and essentially normal cranial CT. Abdomino-pelvic USS showed an enlarged uterus for age, and a dominant right follicle with internal echo measuring 17.1mm X 15.2mm. Parents were counseled on the need for treatment to arrest the progression of precocious puberty but yet to respond because of financial constraint after 2 years of diagnosis. Female precocious puberty is ten times more common than male precocious puberty. The aetiology is idiopathic in 90% of cases and It is amenable to treatment. Integration of the investigation and treatment of childhood endocrine disorders into the National Health Insurance scheme will be a great panacea to the challenge of prompt management in developing countries.
Keywords: Precocious, puberty, 24 months old, female, idiopathic, poverty, Nigeria
Usefulness of rapid diagnostic test in the diagnosis of asymptomatic malaria in HIV infected children on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Ibadin M.O. , Eghafona N. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) is a useful tool in demonstrating parasitologically proven malaria. Its efficacy is however hampered when parasite density is low. Prophylactic use of cotrimoxazoleas in cases of HIV infected children can cause reduction in parasite count. It is doubtful if mRDT will retain its diagnostic usefulness among such individuals.Objectives: The study sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of mRDT in HIV infected children on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in Benin City.Methods: In the prospective, cross sectional and descriptive study, we assessed malaria parasitaemia using standard methods in microscopy and parasite density and malaria antigenaemia using Care Start Pf (monoclonal antibodies specific to histidine rich protein – 2 antigen) in 221 each of HIV infected subjects on cotrimoxazole managed in a specialist clinic and HIV negative controls all seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between April and June 2016.Results: Malaria antigenaemia rate MAr (20.8%) was lower than malaria parasitaemia rate MPr (24.4%) in subjects. MAr (20.8) and MPr (24.4%) in subjects were higher than MAr (18.10%) and MPr (17.7%) in controls. Mean (SEM) parasite count in subjects of was low (50.88 + 2.24 per μl). Using microscopy as gold standard the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of mRDT in subjects were 77.8%, 97.6%, 91.3% and 93.1%. Corresponding values in controls were 100.0%, 99.5%, 97.5% and 100.0%.Youden indices for subjects and controls were 0.75 and 0.99.Conclusions/Recommendations: Sensitivity of mRDT in HIV infected children on cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for opportunistic infections (OI) is reduced. However the indices of specificity, PPV and NPV are high enough to retain its value in the evaluation of HIV infected children for asymptomatic malaria and perhaps the clinical disease.
Keywords: mRDT, Utility, HIVinfected Children, Cotrimoxazoleprophylaxis, Benin City
Complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of young children in a community in Sokoto
Authors: Yusuf T. , Jibrin B. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Complementary feeding is the cornerstone of child’s nutrition. Most malnourished children had their predicament originating from the period of transition from breastfeeding to family diet.
Objectives: To determine the complementary feeding practices and nutritional status of young children in Gwiwa community.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Gwiwa community, Wammakko LGA, Sokoto State between January and June, 2018. Three hundred and ten mothers with their children aged 6 –36 months were interviewed using structured interviewer - administered questionnaire and the children’s nutritional status was assessed using WHO classification of malnutrition. Data was analysed using SPSS version22.0.A p-value ≤0.05 was taken as significan.
Results: One hundred and forty (45.2%) respondents were aged 15 – 24years and 168(54.2%) were of low socio-economic class. There were 190 males and 120 females with 66 (21.3%) children exclusively bre as t - fed for 6months. The mean age of cessation of breast feeding was 17.8 ±3.6 months. One hundred and sixty-nine (54.5%) children commenced complementary feeding at 6-8month of age with the mean age of 5.7(±2.6) months. One hundred and eighty-four (59.4%) used plain pap with 41.2% fed more than 3 times per day. Eighty-two (26.5%), 56(18.1%) and 76 (24.5%) children were underweight, wasted and stunted respectively.
Conclusion: The complementary feeding practices were suboptimal in this community and might explain the poor nutritional status of their under- fives. Efforts should be geared towards optimal complementary feeding practices in this community.
Key words: Complementary, Feeding, Practice, Nutritional, Status, Under-5.
Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa pada Program Acara “Ini Talk Show Tema Motivasi” di Net Tv
Authors: Jainuri Mokhammad , Mauliddian Khilmi 
Published: September 2020

Analisis kesantunan berbahasa program acara Ini Talk Show bertema motivasi di Net Tv ini, meneliti pada sebuah video yang diunggah di Youtube dengan durasi 17.46 menit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan data tentang kesantunan berbahasa pada acara Ini Talk Show di Net Tv dalam berinteraksi dengan bintang tamu. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data secara simak, catat, dan merekam. Data yang dihimpun berupa tuturan lisan sebagai objek penelitian dengan lawan tuturnya dalam suatu percakapan dengan konteks sosial. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bentuk kategori kesantunan berbahasa dalam talk show terbagi kedalam enam maksim antara lain maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim penghargaan, maksim kesederhanaan, maksim permufakatan, dan maksim kesimpatisan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pada dialog atau tuturan yang dilakukan oleh pelaku talk show semua menggunakan keenam maksim dengan baik. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat dalam mencermati bentuk kesantunan berbahasa dalam suatu talk show. Kesantunan berbahasa mencakup kategori konteks sosial (sosiolinguistik) dan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa.
SEBUTAN DAN SAPAAN DALAM ISTILAH KEKERABATAN BAHASA TONTEMBOAN SUATU KAJ IAN LINGUISTIK ANTROPOLOGI
Authors: Perutu Stelnie H. 
Published: September 2020

The research about naming and addressing in Tontemboan Language Kinship Terminology is necessary and still relevant nowadays due to a lot of supporting factors for the language resistance such as attitude and appreciation which are about to be forgotten by the Minahasans. In fact, the director of Kawan Pustaka ( 2004.130) said that “the culture identity.... is respected along with the changing of the time and civilization". The cultural identity includes the language. The method which is used, in this research is a qualitative method. This research is located in Motoling Timur district, Motoling Barat district, and Kumelembuai district, the southeast of Minahasa. The results of this research are some blood relationship kinship terminologies such as inang, amang, bu, susi, mom, none, tete, nene kundu, lete kundu, apo, toyaang luluna, toyaang karuwa, toyaang, uner, toyaang wobas, pakakaan, tuwari, and some in laws terminologies such as penanaan, ambalesa, kalo, kawuleng, kasule, kalaley, kasungku. The conclusion of this research is that the native speakers of Tontemboan language know the blood-relationship kinship terminology, the in-law's terminology, and the additional kinship terminology. The collected data ﬁmctions as naming, addressing and naming as well as addressing. Furthermore, those terminologies contain the cultural meaning.
PEMBENTUKAN KATA BENDA DALAM BAHASA JERMAN (THE NOUN FORMATION OF GERMAN)
Authors: Timbuleng Donna Retty M. 
Published: September 2020

This scientific study of this paper is entitled “Formation of Nouns in German” . The problem that is studied are What are the elements of the establishment of German nouns and how the process of formation of German nouns. To analyze the elements of the establishment of German Nouns and formation, the theory used is the theory of Bunting and Naumann.The purpose of this paper is to identify the elements forming nouns German and classification, analysis and description of noun-forming process. The method uses the descriptive method with data collection library
MORFOLOGI CERITA RAKYAT MALIND ANIM KANUME (THE MORPHOLOGY OF MALIND ANIM KANUME FOLKTALE)
Authors: Embram Esther Rita 
Published: September 2020

Yenam Kepala Perang Kanum is the folklore of Malind Anim Kanume, the tribe whose lived in the border zone of Sota Merauke Papua. This research is an effort to document oral literature and to analyze the morphology of Malind Anim Kanume folklore based on Vladimir Propp’s theory. From the analysis, it is known that the folklore were consisted of eleven functions and four spheres of action. The values of this paper are about how to keep the promises and how to work for peace. The important think about the Malind Anim Kanume Sota culture preservation.