bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report of Gieysztoria falx Brusa, Damborenea &amp; Noreña, 2003 (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) in southern Brazil
Authors: REYES JHOE , BINOW DANIELA , VIANNA ROGÉRIO T. , MARTINS SAMANTHA E. 
Published: December 2019

Within Dalyelliidae Graff, 1905, Gieysztoria Ruebush & Hayes, 1939 is the most widely distributed and speciose genus, members of which live in marine, brackish, or freshwater habitats (Van Steenkiste et al., 2012). Gieysztoria is composed by ~97 free-living species (Tyler et al. 2016), and species identification is mainly made on the male copulatory system, which has an armed penis (stylet) with different configurations of spines (Noreña et al., 2016). The stylet configuration of Gieysztoria species is traditionally split into two groups: Aequales (spines of similar shape and size) and Inaequales (spines of different shape and size) (Luther, 1955). In the neotropics, specimens of Gieysztoria belong to both the Aequales and Inaequales group and are well represented (Damborenea et al., 2005; Noreña et al., 2003). According to Braccini et al. (2016, 2017), there are 16 species of Gieysztoria in Brazil, mainly distributed in the southern region. South Brazil harbours a mosaic of wetlands that are considered hot spots of biodiversity, including the Taim Ecological Station (ESEC Taim) protected area that was designated as a Ramsar site (Ramsar, 2017). In the present study, Gieysztoria falx Brusa, Damborenea & Noreña, 2003 is registered in the ESEC Taim, located in Rio Grande do Sul. It represents the first record of G. falx in Brazil. Illustrations and comments on stylet configuration are given.
Seasonal Variability of the Transport through the Yucatan Channel from Observations
Authors: Athié Gabriela , Sheinbaum Julio , Candela Julio , Ochoa José , Pérez-Brunius Paula , Romero-Arteaga Angelica 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe seasonal cycle of transport through the Yucatan Channel is estimated from 59 months of direct mooring measurements and 23 years of a transport proxy from AVISO sea level across the channel. Both exhibit a seasonal cycle with a maximum in summer (July–August) but have a minimum in March for the mooring and in November for AVISO data. The annual and semiannual harmonics explain respectively 19% (~32%) and 6% (~4%) of the subinertial variance of the moored (proxy) transports. Seasonal variations of zonal wind stress and anticyclonic wind stress curl over the Cayman Sea appear to be positively correlated with transport in Yucatan Channel and the northward extension of the Loop Current during the summer, agreeing to some extent with modeling results previously reported. Transport increments during summer coincide with enhanced regional easterly winds and anticyclonic wind stress curl in 60% of the cases (of 23 years). However, this connection is not as tight as model results suggest during winter. The summer correlation only appears to be valid in a broad statistical sense since it is modulated by large interannual and higher-frequency variability. Moored time series confirm previous results that the transport signal on the western side of the channel is quite different from the total Yucatan Channel transport and that eddy kinetic energy at higher frequencies (50–100 days) dominates the variability and is characterized by a relatively low net transport signal, with flow of opposite signs on each side of the channel.
Aortic cannula orientation and flow impacts embolic trajectories: computational cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Ho Raymond , McDonald Charles , Pauls Jo P , Li Zhiyong 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Emboli events are associated with the aortic cannula insertion and final position in the ascending aorta. However, the impact of subtle changes in aortic cannula movement and flow influencing embolic transport throughout the aortic arch is not well understood. The present study evaluated the aortic cannula’s outflow and orientation effect on emboli entering the aortic branch arteries. Methods: A simplified aortic computational model was anteriorly cannulated in the distal ascending aorta with a 21-French straight aortic cannula, and two orientations were analysed by injecting gaseous and solid emboli at pump flows 2, 3 and 5 L/minute. The first aortic cannula orientation (forward flow cannula) was directed towards the lesser curvature. The second aortic cannula orientation (rear flow cannula) was tilted slightly backwards by 15°, providing flow in the retrograde direction. Results: Forward flow cannula produced a primary arch flow, whereas rear flow cannula produced a secondary arch flow resulting in four times longer emboli arch resident times than forward flow cannula. The rear flow cannula had the highest percentage of gaseous emboli entering the brachiocephalic artery of 8%, 12% and 36% (at 2, 3 and 5 L/minute, respectively). Rear flow cannula provided a positive aortic branch arterial flow at all pump flows, whereas at forward flow cannula, the brachiocephalic artery experienced retrograde flows of −1.0% (3 L/minute) and −4.0% (5 L/minute), with the left common carotid −0.23% (5 L/minute). No significant number of solid emboli entered the aortic branch arteries. Conclusion: This numerical study illustrated distinct trajectory behaviours between gaseous and solid emboli where slight changes in aortic cannula orientation influenced idealised emboli direction with higher pump flows magnifying the effects.
Hyperbaric oxygen suppresses stemness-associated properties and Nanog and oncostatin M expression, but upregulates β-catenin in orthotopic glioma models
Authors: Song Kun , Chen Junrui , Ding Jianbo , Xu Hao , Xu Hongzhi , Qin Zhiyong 
Published: December 2019

Objective This study aimed to explore whether initial hyperbaric oxygen treatment affects the stemness of glioma stem cells using an in vivo basal ganglia glioma model. Methods A basal ganglia glioma rat model was established. Rats were exposed to normal oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12. After 16 days of glioma cell inoculation, western blot, ELISA, and flow cytometry were performed to examine stemness-associated properties by examining the expression of CD133, A2B5, Nanog, oncostatin M, β-catenin, Oct-3/4, Sox2, and Nestin. Results Initial hyperbaric oxygen treatment began to affect glioma stemness-associated properties. The proportion of CD133+A2B5+ cells was significantly reduced after initial hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Additionally, the expression of stemness-related genes such as Nanog and oncostatin M was reduced, while TGF-β and β-catenin were increased. Conclusions Initial hyperbaric oxygen treatment not only alters the hypoxic microenvironment but also affects the stemness-associated properties of cancer stem cells.
Opportunities for participation, inclusion and recreation in school-aged children with disability influences parent occupations and family quality of life: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Bhopti Anoo , Brown Ted , Lentin Primrose 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionParents of children with disabilities experience long-term loss of occupations and increased caregiving responsibilities, which affect their individual and family quality of life. There is limited knowledge about the factors that influence the family quality of life of families when their child with disability is at school. This study examined the relationships between family quality of life, disability-related supports provided and parental occupations, and identified factors influencing family quality of life.MethodA mixed-methods approach was utilised using the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Survey, a demographic questionnaire ( n = 50) and 12 qualitative interviews. Descriptive analyses and Spearman’s Rho correlations were conducted. Both sets of data were analysed and triangulated.FindingsParticipants reported high satisfaction with their family quality of life, with strong associations between parental occupations and family quality of life. Four qualitative themes highlighted that their family quality of life was hard, challenging and fluctuating; however, there were positives about having a child with disability, and receiving services and supports (formal and informal) for their child with disability helped family quality of life. In spite of this, caregiving was long-term and impacted their everyday occupations, challenging their family quality of life.ConclusionThis study concludes that even though parents of a school-aged child with disability are happy to adopt the caregiver role and appreciate the positives of having a child with disability, lack of support within the mainstream schooling system and prolonged caregiving has a detrimental impact on the parents’ occupations, their health and wellbeing, and consequently on their family quality of life. Inadequate opportunities for recreation and lack of resources to manage persistent behaviours of concern highlight unequal participation opportunities for school-aged children with disabilities.
Primary Care Practitioner Training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PTCAP): A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Espinet Stacey D. , Gotovac Sandra , Knight Sommer , Wissow Larry , Zwarenstein Merrick , Lingard Lorelei , Steele Margaret 
Published: December 2019

Objectives Rural primary care practitioners (PCPs) have a pivotal role to play in frontline pediatric mental health care, given limited options for referral and consultation. Yet they report a lack of adequate training and confidence to provide this care. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the Practitioner Training in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PTCAP) program, which was designed to enhance PCPs’ pediatric mental health care confidence. The program includes brief therapeutic skills and practice guidelines PCPs can use to address both subthreshold concerns and diagnosable conditions, themselves. Methods The study design was a pilot, cluster-randomized, multicenter trial. Practices were randomly assigned to intervention ( n practices = 7; n PCPs = 42) or to wait-list control ( n practices = 6; n PCPs = 34). The intervention involved 8 hr of training in practice guidelines and brief therapeutic skills for depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and behavioral disorders with case discussion and video examples, while the control practiced as usual. A linear random-effects model controlling for clustering and baseline was carried out on the individual-level data to examine between-group differences in the primary (i.e., confidence) and secondary (i.e., attitude and knowledge) outcomes at 1-week follow-up. Results Findings were a statistically significant difference in the primary outcomes. Compared to the control group, the intervention group indicated significantly greater confidence in managing diagnosable conditions ( d = 1.81) and general concerns ( d = 1.73), as well as in making necessary referrals ( d = 1.27) and obtaining consults ( d = 0.74). While the intervention did not significantly impact secondary outcomes (attitudes and knowledge), regression analysis indicated that the intervention may have increased confidence, in part, by ameliorating the adverse impact of negative mental health care attitudes. Conclusion PTCAP enhances PCPs’ child/youth mental health care confidence in managing both general and diagnosable concerns. However, an 8-hr session focused on applying brief therapeutic skills was insufficient to significantly change attitudes and knowledge. Formal testing of PTCAP may be warranted, perhaps using more intensive training and including outcome assessments capable of determining whether increased PCP confidence translates to more effective management and better patient outcomes.
Sectoral Loan Portfolio Concentration and Bank Stability: Evidence from an Emerging Economy
Authors: Kusi Baah Aye , Adzobu Lydia , Abasi Alex Kwame , Ansah-Adu Kwadjo 
Published: December 2019

In this study, the effect of sectoral loan portfolio concentration on bank stability is investigated in the Ghanaian banking sector between 2007 and 2014. Specifically, we investigate the linearity and non-linearity effects of sectoral loan concentration on bank stability given the limited exploration of this nexus. Employing a two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) robust random and fixed effects panel models of 30 banks, the study provides evidence showing that sectoral loan concentration weakens the stability of banks. This confirms the concentration-fragility hypothesis and the diversification theory of traditional banking but may promote bank stability beyond a certain threshold point. This implies that bank sectoral loan concentrate has a direct non-linear U-shape effect on bank stability in Ghana. We argue that although sectoral loan concentration may weaken stability of banks in the short run, it may however enhance the stability of banks in the long run through prolonged expert knowledge, experience and understanding of sectors. From these findings, policymakers, regulators and bank managers must not only develop and design policies and regulations that prohibit sectoral loan concentration but should also incorporate plans and policies that encourage banks to develop core competence and competitive advantage to take advantage of advancing bank stability through sectoral loan concentration. JEL Codes: G10; G18; G41
Comparing face-to-face and videoconference completion of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in community-based survivors of stroke
Authors: Chapman Jodie E , Cadilhac Dominique A , Gardner Betina , Ponsford Jennie , Bhalla Ruchi , Stolwyk Renerus J 
Published: December 2019

Introduction Videoconferencing may help address barriers associated with poor access to post-stroke cognitive screening. However, the equivalence of videoconference and face-to-face administrations of appropriate cognitive screening tools needs to be established. We compared face-to-face and videoconference administrations of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in community-based survivors of stroke. We also evaluated whether participant characteristics (e.g. age) influenced equivalence. Methods We used a randomised crossover design (two-week interval). Participants were recruited through community advertising and use of a stroke-specific database. Both sessions were conducted by the same researcher in the same location. Videoconference sessions were conducted using Zoom. A repeated-measures t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland–Altman plot and multivariate regression modelling were used to establish equivalence. Results Forty-eight participants (26 men, Mage = 64.6 years, standard deviation ( SD) = 10.1; Mtime since stroke = 5.2 years, SD = 4.0) completed the MoCA face-to-face and via videoconference on average 15.8 ( SD = 9.7) days apart. Participants did not perform systematically better in a particular condition, and no participant variable predicted difference in MoCA performance. However, the ICC was low (0.615), and the Bland–Altman plot indicated wide limits of agreement, indicating variability between sessions. Discussion Our findings provide preliminary evidence to support the use of videoconference to administer the MoCA following stroke. However, further research into the test–retest reliability of scores derived from the MoCA is needed in this population. Administering the MoCA via videoconference holds potential to ensure that all stroke survivors undergo cognitive screening, in line with recommended clinical practice.
Patients’ expectations: is there a typical patient?
Authors: Sayers Mark S , Cunningham Susan J , Newton Tim J 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To qualitatively explore, and analyse, patients’ expectations before the start of fixed appliance orthodontic treatment and determine whether typologies exist. Design: A prospective cross-sectional qualitative study, which involved 13 patients (aged 12–15 years). Setting: NHS Hospital Orthodontic Department (UK). Materials and methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with patients who consented to participate before the start of fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. The in-depth interview data were transcribed and then managed using a framework approach, followed by associative analysis. Results: The in-depth interviews revealed two major themes and associated subthemes which were: first, patients’ expectations about the treatment process and outcome; and second, patients’ expectations of themselves during and after treatment. Three typologies related to patients’ expectations of the orthodontic treatment process were also identified. The first group of participants had minimal expectations of the treatment process, did not anticipate discomfort or pain and did not anticipate that treatment would cause disruption to their daily life. The second group of participants had expectations that treatment would involve arch wire changes, dental extractions and result in some discomfort/pain, which would cause some limited disruption to their daily life (moderate expectations). The third type of participant had expectations of the treatment process involving arch wire changes and dental extractions, and anticipated that the discomfort and pain experienced would significantly affect their daily life (marked expectations). Conclusions: These results provide the clinician with information about patient typologies and provide the clinician with some direction when communicating with their patients and managing their expectations before the start of treatment.
Twice daily cefazolin is effective for treatment of serious methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection in an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy program
Authors: Birrell Michael T. , Fuller Andrew 
Published: December 2019

Background: The use of cefazolin for infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus has been demonstrated to be effective, and associated with fewer adverse effects compared with anti-staphylocccal penicillins; however, use of cefazolin on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs often requires the use of continuous infusions. We report the outcomes of patients with serious infections caused by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) treated using twice daily cefazolin by a large tertiary hospital OPAT program. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy and outcomes after 90 days of follow up for patients with serious infections caused by MSSA treated with twice daily cefazolin by our OPAT program. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes of cases treated for a serious infection proven to be caused by MSSA treated with cefazolin monotherapy on the OPAT program at a tertiary hospital between January 2010 and July 2016 (6.5 years). Outcome measures included readmission rate, adverse drug reactions and clinical cure. Results: A total of 111 cases of serious MSSA infection were treated with cefazolin in the OPAT service during the study period, including 52 with peripheral or vertebral osteomyelitis and 13 with infective endocarditis; 56 patients had bacteraemia. Median duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy was 41 days, and the median proportion of intravenous therapy administered via OPAT was 69%. Two patients had recurrence of infection within 90 days, but were in the setting of retained prosthetic material. A total of 4% of patients experienced an adverse drug reaction. No cases of antibiotic failure were identified. Conclusions: The use of twice daily cefazolin for serious MSSA infection on an OPAT program is safe and effective. Further study is needed to assess for noninferiority to conventional treatment regimes.
Myositis ossificans in the diabetic foot: a review of the literature with an illustrative case series
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Sharma Dhiraj , Dinar Heather , Dhatariya Ketan K 
Published: December 2019

Objective Myositis ossificans is a rare non-neoplastic form of heterotopic ossification most commonly described after trauma or surgery, in the diabetic foot. Design We provide a review of the literature including three illustrative cases. Participants Individuals presenting to the foot clinic. Setting Single centre, tertiary multidisciplinary specialist diabetes foot clinic. Results We review the literature surrounding Myositis ossificans, and describe three cases of Myositis ossificans following foot surgery in people with diabetes. All of the imaging was consistent with the descriptions of Myositis ossificans reported elsewhere in large muscle groups. These are the first reports of Myositis ossificans occurring in the feet of people with diabetes. Conclusions Myositis ossificans has only very rarely been described in the foot and, as far as we are aware, never in people with diabetes. Given that the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, and the foot problems requiring surgery are also rising, we suggest that clinicians should be more aware of this condition because it may occur more frequently.
Are Standardized Letters of Recommendation in Residency Applications Correlated With Objective Data?
Authors: Tang Alice L , Howard Javier J M , Singh Eshita , Tabangin Meredith E , Wang James C , Myer Charles M , Altaye Mekibib , Rohde Sarah L 
Published: December 2019

Objective: To evaluate whether the standardized letter of recommendation (SLOR), commonly used for medical students applying to otolaryngology residency, correlates with objective data in the application. Background: Standardized letters of recommendation using Likert-type scales for different attributes are commonly used by evaluators because of their high interrater reliability and efficiency in preparation and interpretation. Given that these are subjectively scored, it is unknown how well these correlate with objective data. Methods: Applications to the University of Cincinnati otolaryngology residency were evaluated in the academic cycle of 2017-2018. Standardized letters of recommendation were scored to determine whether certain attributes were correlated with objective data (United States Medical Licensing Examination [USMLE] scores and number of presentations/publications) provided in their application. Spearman correlations were used to evaluate the strength of the relationship between the subjective score in certain attributes with objective data. Results: There were 217 applications to the University of Cincinnati that contained SLORs. Of these applications, 474 standardized letters were scored in categories of medical knowledge, research, and commitment to academic medicine. Total publications and presentations were weakly correlated with commitment to academic medicine (0.35, P < .0001, n = 369) and with research (0.44, P < .0001, n = 355). Medical knowledge was weakly correlated with Step 1 scores (0.20, P < .0001) and Step 2 scores (0.18, P = .0002). Conclusions: Subjective research and commitment to academic medicine rating scores were weakly correlated with greater academic productivity. Similarly, medical knowledge scores were weakly correlated with Step 1/2 scores. Further research may be needed to assess how to interpret SLOR scores in addition to the information available in an otolaryngology application. Level of Evidence: 4
Inhibition of the mutated c-KIT kinase in AML1-ETO–positive leukemia cells restores sensitivity to PARP inhibitor
Authors: Nieborowska-Skorska Margaret , Paietta Elisabeth M. , Levine Ross L. , Fernandez Hugo F. , Tallman Martin S. , Litzow Mark R. , Skorski Tomasz 
Published: December 2019

Key Points
c-KIT activating mutations cause resistance to PARP inhibitor in AML1-ETO–positive leukemias. c-KIT inhibitor avapritinib downregulates BRCA1/2 and DNA-PK catalytic subunit to restore the sensitivity to PARP inhibitor.