bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling sustained communication with patients for safe and effective management of oral chemotherapy: A longitudinal ethnography
Authors: Mitchell Gary , Porter Sam , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine how patients received, understood, and acted on healthcare professional communication about their oral chemotherapeutic regimen throughout their treatment.DesignA longitudinal ethnographic study.MethodsOver 60 hr of observational data were recorded, in the form of field notes and audio‐recordings from interactions among nine oncology doctors, six oncology nurses, eight patients, and 11 family members over a period of 6 months in outpatient departments in one hospital in Northern Ireland. Sixteen semi‐structured interviews with patients and three focus groups with healthcare professionals were also carried out. This study took place from October 2013–June 2016. Data were thematically analysed.ResultsThree themes where identified from the data. These were initiating concordance through first communication about oral chemotherapy; which focused on initial communication during oncology consultations about oral chemotherapy, sustained communication of managing chemotherapy side effects; which was about how communication processes supported timely and effective side effect management and un‐sustained communication of oral chemotherapy medication‐taking practice; when patients and healthcare professionals failed to communicate effectively about chemotherapy medication‐taking.ConclusionThe two most important factors in ensuring the optimal management of oral chemotherapeutic medicines are early recognition and appropriate response to side effects and the maintenance of safe and effective medication administration. This study found that oncology doctors and nurses engaged in sustained communication about the side effects of chemotherapy but did not focus their communication on safe administration after the first consultation.ImpactBased on this evidence, we recommend that healthcare professionals who provide oral chemotherapy for home administration should review their processes and procedures. Healthcare professionals need to ensure that they embed frequent communication for the duration of treatment between themselves and patients, including open discussion and advice, about side effects and medication administration.
Sophoridine suppresses lenvatinib‐resistant hepatocellular carcinoma growth by inhibiting RAS/MEK/ERK axis via decreasing VEGFR2 expression
Authors: Zhao Zhongwei , Zhang Dengke , Wu Fazong , Tu Jianfei , Song Jingjing , Xu Min , Ji Jiansong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancer types with insufficient approved therapies, among which lenvatinib is a newly approved multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for frontline advanced HCC treatment. However, resistance to lenvatinib has been reported in HCC treatment recently, which limits the clinical benefits of lenvatinib. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of lenvatinib resistance and explore the potential drug to improve the treatment for lenvatinib‐resistant (LR) HCC. Here, we developed two human LR HCC cell lines by culturing with long‐term exposure to lenvatinib. Results showed that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR)2 expression and its downstream RAS/MEK/ERK signalling were obviously up‐regulated in LR HCC cells, whereas the expression of VEGFR1, VEGFR3, FGFR1‐4 and PDGFRα/β showed no difference. Furthermore, ETS‐1 was identified to be responsible for VEGFR2 mediated lenvatinib resistance. The cell models were further used to explore the potential strategies for restoration of sensitivity of lenvatinib. Sophoridine, an alkaloid extraction, inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and increased apoptosis of LR HCC cells. In vivo and in vitro results showed Sophoridine could further sensitize the therapeutic of lenvatinib against LR HCC. Mechanism studies revealed that Sophoridine decreased ETS‐1 expression to down‐regulate VEGFR2 expression along with downstream RAS/MEK/ERK axis in LR HCC cells. Hence, our study revealed that up‐regulated VEGFR2 expression could be a predicator of the resistance of lenvatinib treatment against HCC and provided a potential candidate to restore the sensitivity of lenvatinib for HCC treatment.
Worker visibility and firms' retention policies
Authors: Dato Simon , Grunewald Andreas , Kräkel Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the last two decades, the widespread use of web‐based social networks has led to a higher visibility of workers to the labor market. We theoretically and experimentally analyze the consequences of such increased labor market transparency for the efficiency of job assignments, the wages of workers, and firm profits. Our theoretical results show that higher visibility of workers increases the efficiency of job assignments, leads to a redistribution of income between workers of different ability, and increases overall surplus. Our experimental findings generally support the theoretical results with the exception that increased visibility leads to higher worker turnover such that surplus does not increase.
Amplicon sequencing reveals significantly increased Vibrio abundance and associated gene functions in vibriosis‐infected black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
Authors: Foysal Md Javed , Momtaz Farhana , Kawser A.Q.M. Robiul , Ali Md Hazrat , Raihan Topu , Siddik Muhammad A. B. , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Tay Alfred 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVibriosis caused by luminous Vibrio species is one of the biggest challenges to shrimp industry in Bangladesh. This study aimed to characterize whole microbial communities from Vibrio‐infected black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) using 16S rRNA‐based amplicon sequencing. A total of 36 disease‐free and infected shrimp were collected from six different hatcheries in Bagerhat, Bangladesh. A final pool of 12 samples (n = 6) was created by homogenization of the hepatopancreas samples from three shrimps collected from each hatchery for the same group. The amplicon sequencing data revealed significant (p < .05) decrease of alpha diversity measurements and subsequent effects (p < .05) on the hepatopancreas microbiota in the infected group, compared to control shrimp. Proteobateria and Aeromonas were the most dominant bacteria at phylum and genus level in both groups and identified as core microbiota in the community. Two bacterial groups at phyla level and eight at genus level were found associated with the alteration of hepatopancreas microbial communities and associated gene functions in vibriosis‐infected shrimp, revealed by differential abundance and KEGG pathway analysis. The overwhelming abundance of Citroibacter, Shewanella and Candidatus lineages in vibriosis‐infected shrimp needs further investigations.
Stealing the common from the goose: The emergence of Farmers' Rights and their implementation in India and Brazil
Authors: Muzaka Valbona 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe emergence of Farmers' Rights in international law is closely related to the “seed wars” at the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) during the 1980s. Recognizing the plant innovations of farmers everywhere, these rights represented a countervailing measure against increasing pressures to protect commercial plant breeders' rights around the world. Nearly three decades later, the intellectual property rights of plant breeders, internationally recognized and legally binding, are stronger than ever, while Farmers' Rights are facing increasing threats from the continuing spread of industrial agriculture and biotechnologies. The present article seeks to make two contributions: first, embedding the emergence of Farmers' Rights in a historical analysis, it conceptualizes them not simply as a new category of rights, but as a specific manifestation of the conflictual entwinement of capitalism and plant genetic resources fomented in the geopolitical context of the 20th century. Second, focusing on India and Brazil, it analyses the different manner in which the state in both has played a crucial role in restricting the real freedoms of traditional farmers. While farmers' “interests” are routinely preyed upon to justify various policies, their overall effect promises to deepen the ongoing process of farmers' dispossession and separation from their basic means of production: the seed.
Is mapping the BCG vaccine‐induced immune responses the key to improving the efficacy against tuberculosis?
Authors: Kuan R. , Muskat K. , Peters B. , Lindestam Arlehamn C. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the century‐old Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) has been re‐evaluated for its capacity to stem the global tide of TB. There is increasing evidence that the efficacy of BCG can be improved by the modified administration methods and schedules. Here, we first discuss recent approaches of vaccine administration, revaccination or boosting that have been used to try to improve the efficacy of BCG against TB. We then dive deeper into studies investigating the immune correlates of protection and describe studies that have investigated BCG‐specific T‐cell responses and the influence of environmental exposures. These studies all highlight that there is still a lot to learn about the immune response induced by BCG, both in terms of phenotype and specificity, which has been surprisingly understudied. We argue that several critical gaps in knowledge exist and must be addressed by future research to rationally improve the efficacy of BCG, including comprehensive, proteome‐wide understanding of the epitopes derived from BCG recognized by BCG‐vaccinated individuals, the phenotype of responding antigen‐specific T cells and how previous exposure to environmental mycobacteria affect these parameters and thus influence vaccine efficacy. The development of modern techniques allows us to answer some of these questions to better understand how BCG works in terms of both protection against TB and the immune response that it triggers.
ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and endothelial injury in COVID‐19
Authors: Tetlow S. , Segiet‐Swiecicka A. , O’Sullivan R. , O’Halloran S. , Kalb K. , Brathwaite‐Shirley C. , Alger L. , Ankuli A. , Baig M.S. , Catmur F. , Chan T. , Dudley D. , Fisher J. , Iqbal M.U. , Puczynska J. , Wilkins R. , Bygate R. , Roberts P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2, which uses angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE‐2) as a receptor for cellular entry. It is theorized that ACE inhibitors (ACE‐Is) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase vulnerability to SARS‐CoV‐2 by upregulating ACE‐2 expression, but ACE‐I/ARB discontinuation is associated with clinical deterioration.ObjectiveTo determine whether ACE‐I and ARB use is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), macrovascular thrombosis and in‐hospital mortality.MethodsA retrospective, single‐centre study of 558 hospital inpatients with confirmed COVID‐19 admitted from 1 March to 30 April 2020, followed up until 24 May 2020. AKI and macrovascular thrombosis were primary end‐points, and in‐hospital mortality was a secondary end‐point.ResultsAKI occurred in 126 (23.1%) patients, 34 (6.1%) developed macrovascular thrombi, and 200 (35.9%) died. Overlap propensity score‐weighted analysis showed no significant effect of ACE‐I/ARB use on the risk of occurrence of the specified end‐points. On exploratory analysis, severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases odds of macrovascular thrombi (OR: 8.237, 95% CI: 1.689–40.181, P = 0.009). The risk of AKI increased with advancing age (OR: 1.028, 95% CI: 1.011–1.044, P = 0.001) and diabetes (OR: 1.675, 95% CI: 1.065–2.633, P = 0.025). Immunosuppression was associated with lower risk of AKI (OR: 0.160, 95% CI: 0.029–0.886, P = 0.036). Advancing age, dependence on care, male gender and eGFR < 60 mL min−1/1.73 m2 increased odds of in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionWe did not identify an association between ACE‐I/ARB use and AKI, macrovascular thrombi or mortality. This supports the recommendations of the European and American Societies of Cardiology that ACE‐Is and ARBs should not be discontinued during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Should Digital Complete Dentures Be Part of A Contemporary Prosthodontic Education?
Authors: Goodacre Charles J. , Goodacre Brian J. , Baba Nadim Z. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDigital complete dentures should be incorporated into a contemporary dental school education due to factors that include the substantial increase in the number of scientific publications devoted to digital dentures, the increased number of companies producing these prostheses, and the expanded use by practitioners. These factors increased recently due to multiple advantages of digital dentures that are described. Based on positive clinical experiences with such prostheses, preclinical curriculum changes were made with examples presented of both didactic and laboratory courses that now include digital dentures. Perspectives are presented regarding online laboratory procedures where a substantial portion can be performed at home through remote instruction.
The Effect of Residual Dentition on the Dynamic Adjustment of Wear Facet Morphology on a Mandibular First Molar Crown
Authors: Li Linlin , Chen Hu , Li Weiwei , Wang Yong , Sun Yuchun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of different residual dentitions on the dynamic adjustment of wear facet morphology on a single mandibular first molar crown with a virtual articulator.Materials and MethodsGypsum casts (N = 12) of natural full dentitions were mounted on an articulator and scanned. The mandibular right first molar (#46) was prepared and a copy of the tooth before it was prepared and used to design the crown. The wear facets on the original #46 were selected and elevated by 0.3 mm in the occlusal direction to generate high points. The #46 with high points was segmented to create a digital wax pattern. Then different teeth were virtually removed to generate 4 types of residual dentitions: Type I (no teeth), Type II (adjacent teeth), Type III (ipsilateral posterior teeth and canine), and Type IV (all teeth). The crowns were adjusted dynamically with different residual teeth to guide mandibular movement of the virtual articulator. Three‐dimensional deviations, negative and positive volumes between crowns and wear facets on the original #46 were analyzed. The Kruskal‐Wallis test was used to analyze the results.ResultsThe mean deviation values and positive volumes decreased with the decrease in residual teeth, and the negative volumes showed an opposite trend. The mean deviation values, root mean square, and positive volumes were not significantly different. The negative volume of the crowns of Type I was different from that of Type IV (p = 0.031).ConclusionsResidual dentition affects the dynamic adjustment of wear facet morphology. When there are insufficient residual teeth, mandibular movements should be accurately measured.
Success rates of pediatric dental referrals made by public health dental hygiene practitioners
Authors: Burgette Jacqueline M. , Mestre Yanelis , Martin Brian , Ray Kristin N. , Stiles Amy , Hoberman Alejandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Public Health Dental Hygiene Practitioner (PHDHP) referrals to pediatric dentists were more successful for children younger than 3 years old and those with dental caries.MethodsWe reviewed the electronic health records of 1,450 children, age 1 to 12 years, who completed a dental visit with a PHDHP in 2017 at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh's (CHP) Primary Care Center. We tracked whether children who visited the onsite PHDHP accepted a referral to CHP pediatric dentists, and if so, whether they successfully completed the referral.ResultsOf the 1,450 children who visited the PHDHP, 67 percent (n = 973) accepted a referral to CHP pediatric dentists. Of these referrals, 32 percent (312/973) were successfully fulfilled. The proportions of accepted and fulfilled referrals were significantly higher for children older than 3 years old and those with dental caries. After controlling for child age, gender, and insurance status, children with dental caries had 5.7 times greater odds of successful referral from the PHDHP to the pediatric dentist compared to children without dental caries (95 percent CI 4.1–7.9).ConclusionsPHDHPs were more successful referring children older than 3 years old and those with dental caries to pediatric dentists. PHDHPs are allied dental health professionals that can be effective at referring children to pediatric dentists when they have dental caries. Additional strategies are needed to enhance the success rate of dental referrals for young children under 3 years old.
Hippocampal modulation of auditory processing in epilepsy
Authors: Shigeto Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe hippocampus is anatomically and functionally connected to other brain regions　tightly. Especially in the field of memory research, it has become clear that the connections between the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus are regulated via slow‐wave rhythms and high‐frequency oscillation. In addition, the hippocampus, as a limbic system, is more excitable to inputs than the cerebral cortex and has a reverberant circuit structure, which induces long‐lasting neural activity. Because of such characteristics of the hippocampus, it is treated as a key structure in epilepsy. Auditory processing has been shown to be affected by hippocampal activity, and impaired auditory processing function in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy has been elucidated using techniques such as cognitive behavior tests and electrophysiological recordings. We recorded the auditory‐induced magnetoencephalography of patients with refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy and examined which hemisphere was more affected. In contrast to previous language studies, we only used simple tone stimulation, by which we could obtain the laterality information regarding epileptic activity and left‐right difference. In this article, we reviewed the effects of hippocampal activity on brain function, including the findings of our auditory stimulus‐induced magnetic field recordings of medial temporal lobe epilepsy.
Instructed versus spontaneous entrainment of running cadence to music tempo
Authors: Van Dyck Edith , Buhmann Jeska , Lorenzoni Valerio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMatching exercise behavior to musical beats has been shown to favorably affect repetitive endurance tasks. In this study, our aim was to explore the role of spontaneous versus instructed entrainment, focusing on self‐paced exercise of healthy, recreational runners. For three 4‐min running tasks, 33 recreational participants were either running in silence or with music; when running with music, either no instructions were given to entrain to the music, or participants were instructed to match their running cadence with the tempo of the music. The results indicated that less entrainment occurred when no instruction to match the exercise with the musical tempo was provided. In addition, similar to the condition without music, lower speeds and shorter step lengths were observed when runners were instructed to match their running behavior to the musical tempo when compared with the condition without such instruction. Our findings demonstrate the impact of instruction on running performance and stress the importance of intention to entrain running behavior to musical beats.
Nursing strategies for environmental justice: A scoping review
Authors: LeClair Jessica , Watts Theresa , Zahner Susan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe types of strategic actions nurses take to promote environmental justice (EJ) through research, education, advocacy, and practice (REAP) reported in peer‐reviewed literature.Design and SampleA scoping review of literature was conducted that described EJ nursing strategies and included nurses listed as authors, subjects, partners, or organizational members. The sample consisted of 35 articles, representing 24 primary research studies and 11 nonresearch articles. Data were separately analyzed by research and nonresearch articles for a clearer understanding of evidence‐based strategies within domains of REAP.ResultsArticles in the sample highlighted the importance of authentic community partnership and represented diversity of nursing strategies that addressed a range of environmental exposures and subsequent health and racial inequities. Climate justice, a concept that emerged from the EJ movement and intersects with planetary health, is a recent focus in professional nursing.ConclusionsThis scoping review establishes an understanding of the extent of nursing knowledge and research in EJ and lays the groundwork for further research on effective EJ nursing strategies. Community‐Based Participatory Research/Participatory Action Research methods are fundamental for EJ research, and further theoretical development is needed to guide evaluation of EJ nursing strategies for education, advocacy, and practice.
Healthcare in the new age of transparency
Authors: DesRoches Catherine M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDebates around access to and ownership of an individual's digital information have taken center stage in health care. A decade ago, the idea of offering patients ready access to their clinical notes was a fringe idea. Today, information transparency in health care is a pressing legislative and regulatory issue in the United States and elsewhere. The 21st Century Cures Act of 2016 requires that clinicians and health care organizations give patients electronic access to the information in their electronic medical records. Rules to enact this legislative priority by the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services substantially expanded the types of information that must be easily accessible to patients and exchanged among clinicians in electronic form. A growing body of research supports the notion that sharing transparent medical records, including clinical notes with patients, can help to strengthen communication, trust in clinicians, and patient engagement. Patients receiving dialysis may receive particular benefits from this greater transparency due to their increased risk for fragmented care. In the paper, we review the decade of research focused on the effects of sharing clinical notes with patients and the implications for improved engagement and care.