bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I can’t live like that”: Reflections of caregiver distress from caring for an individual with problematic substance use
Authors: Maina Geoffrey M , Ogenchuk Marcella , Pharneuf Taryn , Kwame Abukari 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The impact of addiction extends beyond the individual using a substance. Caring for an individual with addiction creates persistent stressful circumstances that cause worry, anger, depression, shame, guilt, anxiety, and behavioral problems within the family unit.The aim of the study: The paper aims to explore the psychological impact when caring for individuals with active addictions and self-care strategies caregivers employ.Methods: The study adopted an exploratory qualitative design and used purposeful sampling to recruit study participants through posters, word-of-mouth, and e-mail. Study participants were required to have a family member living with addiction and not be active substance users themselves. In-depth individual interviews were conducted among 21 participants to gather their experiences, meanings, and interpretation of how it feels to provide care for a family member suffering from addiction and substance use.Results: Three themes, whose overarching focus is the pains that living and caring for a family with addiction caused the participants, are discussed. These included 1) caring experiences, 2) factors shaping caring experiences, and 3) self-care strategies.Conclusion: The stress associated with caring for individuals with addictions impacts the caregiver’s physical and mental health. Specific care modalities targeting caregivers need to be developed to address the health impact and to support self-care.
Does substrate colour affect the visual appearance of gilded medieval sculptures? Part I: Colorimetry and interferometric microscopy of gilded models
Authors: Wu Qing , Hauldenschild Meret , Rösner Benedikt , Lombardo Tiziana , Schmidt-Ott Katharina , Watts Benjamin , Nolting Frithjof , Ganz David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In history of medieval gilding, a common view has been circulated for centuries that the substrate colour can influence the visual appearance of a gilded surface. In order to fully understand the correlation between the gilding substrate and the colour appearance of the gold leaf laid above, in this paper (Part I) analytical techniques such as colorimetry and interferometric microscopy are implemented on models made from modern gold leaves. This study demonstrates that the substrate colour is not perceptible for gold leaf of at least 100 nm thickness, however the surface burnishing can greatly alter the visual appearance of a gold surface, and the quality of the burnishing is dependent on the substrate materials. Additionally, surface roughness and texture of the substrate can play supplementary roles, which can be visually observed through digital microscopy and quantified through interferometric microscopy. The findings in this paper will form the basis for the study of gold leaf samples taken from medieval European gilded sculptures in Part II.
Phenomic Characterization of Crotalaria Germplasm for Crop Improvement in Kenya
Authors: Muli Joshua Kiilu , Neondo Johnstone Omukhulu , Odari Eddy , Kuria Peter , Budambula Nancy L.M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Diversification of global food systems through exploration of traditional varieties and wild edible plant species is a focal mitigation strategy for food security worldwide. The present study determined the phenomic diversity of locally available, affordable and climate-resilient cultivated and wild Crotalaria species for breeding purposes. Seed samples were collected from different administrative counties in Kenya spanning different climatic zones. Other seeds were provided by the Genetic Resources Research Institute of Kenya. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used for agro-morphological evaluation of the 83 accessions used in this study. Data on quantitative and qualitative traits was collected. Cluster analysis on R and R-studio was used to generate a dendrogram by the Euclidian genetic distance and dissimilarity indices while the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) method was used to determine the spatial interrelationship between the accessions. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships between qualitative and quantitative traits while the principal component analysis was used to discriminate the accessions. Results: Three edible species (C. brevidens Benth., C. ochroleuca G.Don, C. trichotoma Bojer.) were found to be cultivated by Kenyan farmers and a significant variation (p<0.0001) for all parameters under study was recorded. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering grouped the accessions into 8 major clusters. The NMDS ordination formed 15 and 6 groups based on counties and regions respectively. Conclusions: This study forms the basis for exploring novel breeding among cultivated species, between wild and cultivated Crotalaria species as well as determining molecular markers linked to phenomic traits.
Thioester synthesis through geoelectrochemical CO2 fixation on Ni sulfides
Authors: Kitadai Norio , Nakamura Ryuhei , Yamamoto Masahiro , Okada Satoshi , Takahagi Wataru , Nakano Yuko , Takahashi Yoshio , Takai Ken , Oono Yoshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Thioester synthesis by CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase is among the most ancient autotrophic metabolisms. Although the preceding prebiotic CO2 fixation routes to thioesters are often suggested, none has any experimentally supported evidence. Here we demonstrate that, under an electrochemical condition realizable in early ocean hydrothermal systems, nickel sulfide (NiS) gradually reduces to Ni0, while accumulating surface-bound CO due to CO2 electroreduction. The resultant partially reduced NiS facilitates thioester (S-methyl thioacetate) formation from CO and methanethiol even at room temperature and neutral pH. This thioester formation can further be enhanced up to a selectivity of 56% by NiS coprecipitating with FeS or CoS. Considering the central role of Ni in the enzymatic process mentioned above, our demonstrated thioester synthesis with the partially reduced NiS could have a direct implication to the autotrophic origin of life.
Maternal Death Surveillance and Response in Tanzania: Comprehensiveness of Maternal Deaths Narrative Summaries and Action Points from Death Reviews
Authors: Said Ali , Pembe Andrea B. , Massawe Siriel , Hanson Claudia , Malqvist Mats 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundReview of maternal deaths relies on comprehensive documentation of medical records that can reveal sequence of events that led to death. Maternal Death and Surveillance (MDSR) system recommends the use of narrative summaries during maternal death reviews to discuss the case and categorize medical causes of death, identify gaps in care and recommend action plans to prevent deaths. Suggested action plans are recommended to be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time bound (SMART). To identify gaps in documenting information and planning recommendations, comprehensiveness of written narrative summaries and adequacy of action plans according the MDSR guideline were assessed. MethodsA total of 76 facility maternal deaths that occurred in two regions in Southern Tanzania in 2018 were included for analysis. We assessed the comprehensiveness of narrative summaries and action plans using a prepared checklist from MDSR guideline of 2015. Presence or absence of items in four domains each with several attributes was recorded on the checklist. The domains were socio-demographic characteristics, antenatal care, referral information and events that occurred after admission. Less than 75% completeness of attributes in all domains was considered poor while >94% was good/comprehensive. Action plans were assessed by application of SMART criteria and according to place of planned implementation (community, facility or higher level of health system). Results Two-thirds of summaries (66%) scored poor, and none were scored as good/comprehensive. Summaries missed key information such as demographic characteristics, information of events that occurred in community (16%), time between diagnosis of complication and commencing treatment (65%), investigation results (47%), summary of case evolution (51%) and referral information (47%). A total of 285 action plans were analysed. Most action plans 242(85%) were allocated to health facilities for implementation and they were mostly 42(42%) on service delivery. Only 42% (32/76) of the action plans were deemed to be SMART.ConclusionsAbstraction of information to prepare narrative summaries used in MDSR system is inadequately done. Action plans and recommendations in MDSR system are mostly for facility sub standards of care and are not specific on the issues to be addressed.
Scaling relations of seismic moment and rupture area for outer-rise earthquakes
Authors: ZHANG XUELEI , Kito Tadashi , Hirata Kenji , Dohi Yuji , Fujiwara Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A new piece-wise scaling relation for rupture area ( S ) and seismic moment ( M 0 ) was obtained for outer-rise earthquakes using data compiled from previous seismological studies. The compiled source parameters were examined carefully to ensure that rupture area dimensions represent the "actual" rupture area. Twenty sets of S and M 0 pairs for ten earthquakes from independent studies were used for regression analysis. To estimate rupture areas of outer-rise earthquakes whose fault down dip tips, respectively, do and do not reach the oceanic lithosphere base, regression parameter b in S=(M 0 /a) 1/b is 2 with the corresponding regression parameter log 10 a 2 being 1.402 (±0.250), and b is 1.5 with the corresponding regression parameter log 10 a 1 being 6.401 (±0.187). The piece-wise scaling relation developed here can fit outer-rise earthquake data from Mw 7.2 to Mw 8.4 and can be used to estimate rupture areas of earthquakes greater than Mw 8.4.
Evidence-based health solutions for challenges women face during pandemics like COVID-19: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Su Zhaohui , Wagers Shelly , Lopez Emme , Terjesen Lori Ann , Abbas Jaffar , Shi Feng , Wang Caifeng , Cai Yuyang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

One of the most vulnerable populations to COVID-19 is women. Multiple factors associated with violence against women (i.e. sexual assault, domestic violence, homelessness) create an increased vulnerability for women during the COVID pandemic. Women also constitute the majority of older nursing home residents and healthcare workers (e.g., nurses), who have the most pronounced exposure to COVID-19. These factors combined with resource restraints like rationing and lack of access to healthcare can further exacerbate women’s physical and psychological health issues. While literature has well-documented challenges that women face during COVID-19, there is a lack of evidence-based solutions that have the potential to mitigate these difficulties. Therefore, to address this issue, we aim to conduct a systematic review of the literature to: (1) identify interventions designed for women in the context of pandemics, (2) describe the characteristics and effects of these interventions concerning the distinctive traits of women and pandemics, and (3) present evidence-based health solutions for women to mitigate challenges they face amid and beyond COVID-19.
Methods

A systematic review of literature will be conducted on databases including PubMed, PsycINFO on the EBSCO platform, CINAHL on the EBSCO platform, and Scopus, based on a search strategy developed in consultation with an experienced medical librarian. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles will be screened against eligibility criteria developed a priori. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedures will be adopted as the reporting framework, and data extracted (e.g., intervention details) will be evaluated by a multidisciplinary research team.
Results
NA for now—This is a protocol study.
Conclusions

Findings of this study will fill an important void in the literature. Considering that, in times of pandemic, women are especially subject to grim health disparities, like pronounced exposure to COVID-19, reproductive health issues, elevated domestic violence, increased mental health challenges, and lack of access to healthcare services, the need for evidence-based health solutions that could address these unique challenges is of paramount importance. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and effects of health solutions available to women in the context of pandemics can also help researchers identify areas of improvement regarding intervention design and development. This may further safeguard women’s health and wellbeing amid pandemics like COVID-19 and beyond.
Study Protocol Registration:
PROSPERO CRD42020194003
TIP60 governs the auto-ubiquitination of UHRF1 through USP7 dissociation from the UHRF1/USP7 complex
Authors: Ahmad Tanveer , Ashraf Waseem , Ibrahim Abdulkhaleg , Zaayter Liliyana , Muller Christian D. , Hamiche Ali , Mély Yves , Bronner Christian , Mousli Marc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The epigenetic regulator UHRF1 (Ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 1) plays an essential role in faithful transmission of DNA methylation during replication. It has tumorogenesis potential and is overexpressed in cancers. TIP60 (Tat interactive protein, 60 kDa) is an important partner of UHRF1, ensuring various cellular processes through its acetyltransferase activity. TIP60 is believed to exert a tumor suppressive role partly explained by its down-regulation in many cancers. Both proteins participate in various cellular functions such as chromatin remodeling, cell cycle, DNA damage repair and regulation of protein stability.Methods: Immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy techniques were performed to study the ubiquitination of UHRF1 and USP-UHRF1 association. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) technique was performed to analyze the interaction between UHRF1 and ubiquitin inside the nucleus. Western blotting was used to assess the effect of TIP60 overexpression on p73, pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. TIP60-mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells was investigated by flow cytometry. Results were statistically analyzed using Graphpad prism.Results: Herein, our goal was to investigate the role and mechanism of TIP60 in the regulation of UHRF1 expression. Our results showed that TIP60 overexpression down-regulated UHRF1 and DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase 1) expressions. TIP60 interfered with USP7-UHRF1 association and induced degradation of UHRF1 in an auto-ubiquitination dependent pathway. Moreover, TIP60 activated the p73-mediated apoptotic pathway.Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that the tumor suppressor role of TIP60 is mediated by its regulation to UHRF1.
Nrf2 overexpression increases risk of high tumor mutation burden in acute myeloid leukemia through inhibiting MSH2
Authors: Liu Ping , Ma Dan , Wang Ping , Pan Chengyun , Fang Qin , Wang Jishi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, also called NFE2L2) has been shown to play a pivotal role in preventing cancer cells from being affected by chemotherapy. Gene mutation is a crucial reason of chemotherapy-resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the relationship between Nrf2 and tumor mutation burden and its mechanism in regulating chemotherapy-resistance remains unclear. Methods: The whole-exome sequencing analysis were used to measure tumor mutation. RNA sequencing, Oncomine, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry were employed to detect differences in genes and proteins. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and GeneMANIN were performed pathway analysis. Functional assays, such as annexin V/PI, Hoechst33342 staining and DCFH were performed to examine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of AML cells in vitro. Subcutaneous xenograft model was established to investigate in vivo growth. Results: Nrf2 expression was associated with tumor mutation burden in AML. Patients with Nrf2 overexpression had higher frequency of gene mutation and drug resistance. Nrf2 overexpression protected the AML cells from apoptosis induced by cytarabine in vitro and increased the risk of gene mutant drug resistance in vivo. Furthermore, Nrf2 overexpression inhibited MSH2 protein expression, which caused DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. Mechanistically, the inhibition of MSH2 by Nrf2 was in a ROS-independent manner. Further studies showed that an increased activation of JNK/c-Jun signaling in Nrf2 overexpression cells, which inhibited the expression of MSH2 protein. Conclusions: Our findings provided evidence that high Nrf2 expression inhibited MSH2 expression, caused MMR deficiency and increased the tumor mutation burden, which can induce gene instability-dependent drug resistance in AML. This study demonstrates the reason why the high Nrf2 expression leads to the increase of gene mutation frequency in AML, and provides a new strategy for clinical practice.
PD-1 upregulation enhances the immunosuppression of group 2 innate lymphoid cells by boosting IL-4 and IL-13 secretion in human non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Chaojun , Shen Chunyi , Zhang Zhen , Ping Yu , Shao Jingwen , Tian Yonggui , Yu Weina , Qin Guohui , Liu Shasha , Wang Liping , Zhang Yi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play an essential role in allergy and parasitic infection. However, the role of ILC2s in human lung cancer remains unclear. Methods: ILC2s from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors (HDs) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and NSCLC tumor tissues were analyzed via multicolor flow cytometry. ILC2s or CD14 + cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. qPCR and flow cytometry were performed to assess the gene and protein expression of the indicated molecules. M1-like and M2-like macrophages were induced from CD14 + monocytes in vitro. Results: ILC2s were significantly more enriched in PBMCs and tumor tissues from NSCLC patients than in HDs. After screening for the main immune checkpoint molecules, we found that PD-1 was upregulated in ILC2s in NSCLC patients. Functionally, PD-1 high ILC2s from tumor tissues expressed higher levels of IL-4 and IL-13 regarding both mRNA and protein levels than PD-1 low ILC2s. Furthermore, PD-1 high ILC2s robustly boosted M2-like macrophage polarization in vitro, by secreting IL-4 and IL-13, while neutralization of IL-4 and IL-13 by antibodies abrogated M2-like macrophage polarization. Conclusion: ILC2s are enriched in NSCLC patients and upregulate PD-1 expression. Upregulation of PD-1 facilitates the immunosuppressive function of ILC2s. PD-1 high ILC2s enhance M2-like macrophage polarization by secreting IL-4 and IL-13. PD-1 acts as a positive regulator of the immunosuppressive function of ILC2s in human NSCLC.
Novel systems analysis elucidates the influence of personalized variation in microbiome composition on metronidazole efficacy in bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Lee Christina , Cheu Ryan , Lemke Melissa , Gustin Andrew , France Michael , Hampel Benjamin , Thurman Andrea , Doncel Gustavo , Ravel Jacques , Klatt Nichole , Arnold Kelly 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a syndrome of the female reproductive tract associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and characterized by a shift from a Lactobacillus (LB)-dominant vaginal microbiota to a polymicrobial, anaerobic microbiota, consistently colonized by strains of Gardnerella vaginalis (Gv). The first-line treatment for BV is metronidazole (MNZ); however, treatment failure and recurrence rates remain high. To gain insight into complex interactions between target species (Gv) and non-target Lactobacillus species (Lactobacillus iners (Li)) with MNZ and understand their respective roles in efficacy, we developed an ordinary differential equation model that predicts bacterial growth as a function of drug uptake, metabolism, proliferation, and MNZ sensitivity. Model findings revealed a critical factor in MNZ efficacy may be Li sequestration of MNZ, and that efficacy decreases when the relative abundance of Li is higher pre-treatment. These results were validated in Gv and Li co-cultures (p < 0.001), and in two clinical cohorts, finding women with recurrent BV had significantly lower pre-treatment levels of BV-associated bacteria relative to Lactobacillus spp. (p = 0.0366; p = 0.0484). Overall, model results support a mechanism where non-target Lactobacillus species sequester MNZ from BV-associated target species, such as Gv, promoting BV recurrence by reducing MNZ bioavailability.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain
Authors: Picchio Camila A , Valencia Jorge , Doran Jason , Swan Tracy , Pastor Marta , Martró Elisa , Colom Joan , Lazarus Jeffrey V 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Containment policies and other restrictions introduced by the Spanish government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic present challenges for marginalised populations, such as people who use drugs. Harm reduction centres are often linked to social services, mental health services, and infectious disease testing, in addition to tools and services that help to reduce the harms associated with injecting drugs. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on these services in four autonomous communities in Spain.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that employed a seven-section structured survey administered electronically to 20 centres in July 2020. Data from the most heavily affected months (March–June) in 2020 were compared to data from the same period in 2019. Averages were calculated with their ranges, rates, and absolute numbers.Results: All 11 responding centres reported having had to adapt or modify their services during the Spanish state of alarm (14 March–21 June 2020). One centre reported complete closure for two months and four reported increases in their operating hours. The average number of service users across all centres decreased by 22% in comparison to the same period in the previous year and the average needle distribution decreased by 40% in comparison to 2019. Most centres reported a decrease in infectious disease testing rates (hepatitis B and C viruses [HBV, HCV], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and tuberculosis [TB]) for March, April, and May in 2020 compared to the previous year. Reported deaths as a result of overdose did not increase during the state of alarm, but 2/11 (18%) centres reported an increase in overdose deaths immediately after finalisation of the state of alarm.Conclusion: Overall, like other European countries, Spanish harm reduction centres were able to continue operating and offering services by adjusting operating hours. The number of overall service users and needles distributed fell during the Spanish state of alarm lockdown period, suggesting that fewer clients accessed harm reduction services during this time, putting them at greater risk of reusing or sharing injecting equipment, overdosing, acquiring infectious diseases with decreased access to testing or discontinuing ongoing treatment (methadone maintenance therapy, hepatitis C treatment, or antiretroviral therapy).