bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Treatment Induced Dislocation Bundles in Gaas Substrates Studied by Scanning Infrared Polariscopy, Visible-Light Interferometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Makyoh and X-Ray Topography
Authors: Mock P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is well known that heat treatment induced plastic deformation of GaAs substrates is a key factor that reduces the yield of electronic devices in manufacturing processes on an industrial scale. Our recent X-ray topographic survey showed that a quite common, radiatively heated, non In-bonded sample holder design can cause severe plastic deformation in two-inch diameter GaAs (001) substrates when they are heated up to about 650 °C in a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth chamber. Unintentional plastic deformation occurred for all three investigated MBE machines, which were of different make, but we overcame the technical problem by modifications to the sample holder of a user built MBE machine. At present, however, there is no theoretical model available that can satisfactorily describe the experimental observations including the spatial distribution of the majority of the dislocation bundles.
The plastic deformation up to about 98 % is realised by bundles of dislocations which start at the sample edges around the four &lt;100&gt; peripheral areas,
Morphology Effects from Advances in Polymer Blend Processing
Authors: Wood Barbara A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Innovations in the processing of polymers and polymer mixtures can have unintended consequences for microstructure. Microscopic investigations have been motivated in some cases by acquisition of new processing machinery which is larger, such as the supercompounding extruders. Strategies to expand the capacity of existing machines also necessitate detailed property and morphology comparisons between old and new batches of commercially important blends.
Other types of innovations use a temporary processing aid. Dispersed phase size reduction in melt blends on addition of supercritical carbon dioxide has been reported for PMMA/PS blends. TEM images showed smaller, more uniform domains attributed to reduction in melt viscosity. Blends are also under investigation now in flash spun plexifilament fibers to extend the range of end-use properties, but the need for a common solvent limits the possible pairs of polymers. A two-step R.UO4 vapor staining procedure, in which the bulk and sectioned material are exposed, has been used to examine non-equilibrium morphologies frozen in from flash spinning.
Diagnosis of Magnification Stability and Non-Linearity in SEMs
Authors: Sicignano A , Eremin D , Nikitin A V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Summary: In recent years the SEM has advanced from an instrument used primarily for imaging to a tool for performing precise and accurate measurements of features. The SEM has been widely adapted by workers in diverse technical fields such as: integrated circuit (IC) processing, micro electro-mechanical devices (MEMs) design and molecular biology research. The SEM user in need of acquiring accurate dimensional information about their samples normally relies on the magnification readings and settings provided by the instrument maker. Tools to evaluate the precision of these physical dimensions or to assist in understanding the state of the SEM are not currently available. This paper presents a new methodology based on novel software and hardware to provide the user with capability of diagnosing the magnification stability and non-linearity of their SEMs prior to attempting accurate and precise feature measurements. Examples will be presented demonstrating the diagnosis of magnification stability and non-linearity in SEMs located at 4 independent sites.
KNOWLEDGE, JUSTIFICATION, AND ADEQUATE REASONS
Authors: ÉGRÉ PAUL , MARTY PAUL , RENNE BRYAN 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIs knowledge definable as justified true belief (“JTB”)? We argue that one can legitimately answer positively or negatively, depending on whether or not one’s true belief is justified by what we call adequate reasons. To facilitate our argument we introduce a simple propositional logic of reason-based belief, and give an axiomatic characterization of the notion of adequacy for reasons. We show that this logic is sufficiently flexible to accommodate various useful features, including quantification over reasons. We use our framework to contrast two notions of JTB: one internalist, the other externalist. We argue that Gettier cases essentially challenge the internalist notion but not the externalist one. Our approach commits us to a form of infallibilism about knowledge, but it also leaves us with a puzzle, namely whether knowledge involves the possession of only adequate reasons, or leaves room for some inadequate reasons. We favor the latter position, which reflects a milder and more realistic version of infallibilism.
Does Perceived Stress Affect the Relationship Between Personality and	Sports Enjoyment?
Authors: Dunker Freya , Freund Philipp A. , Engels Eliane S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Background: Sports enjoyment is a prerequisite for continued engagement in sports (e.g., Mullen et al., 2011 ; Woods, Tannehill, & Walsh, 2012 ). To date, it is understudied whether perceived stress and personality relate to the experience of sports enjoyment. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between perceived stress, personality (the Big Five), and sports enjoyment. Method: Data were collected online from a group of N = 195 adults. There were two points of measurements with an interval of 4 weeks in between. Personality was assessed at t1, while perceived stress and sports enjoyment were measured at t2. Results: The results indicate that perceived stress is significantly related to sports enjoyment: A high amount of perceived stress was associated with less enjoyment of sports. Neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were related to sports enjoyment, but openness was not. Models testing the mediating effect of perceived stress for personality on sports enjoyment showed significant direct effects for extraversion and conscientiousness and significant indirect effects for neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. Limitations: Limitations concerning the sample characteristics and some poor fit statistics for the models including openness and extraversion are discussed. Conclusion: Overall, our findings suggest that perceived stress influences the affective experience in physical exercise.
Short Form of the State-Trait Anger Expression	Inventory-2
Authors: Tibubos Ana N. , Schermelleh-Engel Karin , Rohrmann Sonja 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to develop a short form of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) based on the German STAXI-2. Item selection was performed based on exploratory factor analyses (EFA) using descriptive statistical parameters and content-related considerations on calibration samples ( N1 = 215, N2 = 310). The factorial structure of the final extracted scales was validated via confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) ( N3 = 216, N4 = 310). Overall, results present an economic and reliable questionnaire with a total length of 24 items: State Anger short scales Feeling Angry, Verbal Anger Impulse, and Physical Anger Impulse (3 items each), that can be aggregated to a total State Anger score, as well as Trait Anger short scales Angry Reaction (3 items), Anger Expression-In, Anger Expression-Out, and Anger Control (4 items each). The structure of State Anger is identical to the German long version with improved internal consistency in the short form. Regarding the Trait scales, critique on the STAXI-2 has been taken into account resulting in the elimination of the subscale Trait Temperament due to redundancy with Trait Anger Expression-Out and for economic reasons. Other than that, the structure has remained the same. In addition, strict measurement invariance was established based on multi-group CFA for both the State and the Trait scales across gender and age groups, which has not been investigated for STAXI-2 versions to date.
Diel Measurements of Oxygen‐ and Carbon‐Based Ocean Metabolism Across a Trophic Gradient in the North Pacific
Authors: Henderikx Freitas Fernanda , White Angelicque E. , Quay Paul D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDaily in situ rates of gross production and community respiration estimated from high‐frequency diel cycles in oxygen (O2) and optically derived particulate carbon from several platforms (both ship based and via profiling floats) were made across an ecological gradient in the North Pacific spanning the high‐nutrient/low‐chlorophyll sub‐Arctic to the oligotrophic subtropical gyre. Both oxygen and carbon‐based gross primary production and respiration rates indicated a ~3× increase between subtropical and subpolar stations. We consistently found that gross production and community respiration rates were in approximate balance at all stations across the full ecological gradient, implying that community respiration is fueled by recently produced organic matter and that recycling efficiency (~90%) is similar along the gradient. We determined that phytoplankton turnover time doubles (from 2 to 4 days) between subtropical and subpolar regimes, whereas biomass increases by approximately tenfold. We found a consistent photosynthetic quotient (1.4 ± 0.2 mol O2 mol C−1), respiratory quotient (1.0 ± 0.2 mol O2 mol C−1), and gross to net production ratio (2.0 ± 0.3) at all stations which underscores the similarity of fundamental ecological characteristics despite the transition f rom nutrient deplete to replete conditions. That the float‐ and ship‐based estimates of in situ production and respiration generally agreed well suggests that float‐based diel O2 and particulate organic carbon measurements have the potential to greatly expand our knowledge of spatial and temporal variability of productivity and respiration in the ocean.
Shaping the Surface Deformation of Central and South Tibetan Plateau: Insights From Magnetotelluric Array Data
Authors: Dong Hao , Wei Wenbo , Jin Sheng , Ye Gaofeng , Jones Alan G. , Zhang Letian , Jing Jian’en , Xie Chengliang , Yin Yaotian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ongoing India‐Asia collision since the Paleogene created the Tibetan Plateau, the most prominent elevated plateau on our planet. This convergence also contributed to the formation of two distinct types of active surface deformation of the plateau, namely, north–south trending normal fault systems and “conjugate” strike‐slip fault systems. The tectonics and geodynamic mechanism(s) behind this curious combination are still unclear, despite numerous theories proposed over past decades. Here we present a new three‐dimensional, lithospheric‐scale, electrical conductivity model with unprecedented resolution of the central part of Tibetan Plateau derived from the SINOPROBE magnetotelluric array data set and discuss its inferences related to this question. Our model reveals contrasting conductivity structures corresponding to the surface deformation patterns, namely, highly conductive lower crustal anomalies beneath the graben systems in the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes and moderately resistive crustal features in the strike‐slip region near Bangong‐Nujiang Suture Zone. With the help of experimentally calibrated constraints between conductivity and melt fraction, the conductivity model and the inferred lateral viscosity distribution together suggest a weak lower crust beneath the graben regions, compared to a stronger crustal rheology associated with the strike‐slip zone. Here we expand the previously proposed “extensional extrusion” tectonic model in central Tibet to interpret our conductivity model and other geophysical/geodesic observations. The weak rheology under a N‐S directed primary stress may have caused the east–west extension of the graben regions, which further aides the eastward extrusion of the conjugate strike‐slip zone and eventually shapes the surface deformation of central Tibetan Plateau into its current, complex pattern.
Multicentre biomarker cohort study on the efficacy of nivolumab treatment for gastric cancer
Authors: Hagi Takaomi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Kawabata Ryohei , Omori Takeshi , Matsuyama Jin , Fujitani Kazumasa , Hirao Motohiro , Akamaru Yusuke , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Yamasaki Makoto , Satoh Taroh , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Predictive factors of nivolumab treatment response in patients with gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, tissue specimens of patients with unresectable or recurrent GC and prior or scheduled treatment with nivolumab as third-line or higher therapy between September 2017 and February 2019 were collected from 23 institutions. The tumour-positive score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS) of PD-L1 expression and mismatch repair (MMR) were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Associations between clinicopathological factors and tumour-response rate, hyperprogressive disease (HPD) rate and survival were assessed.

Results
Of 200 eligible patients, 143 had measurable lesions. The response and HPD rates were 17.5% and 22.1%, respectively. The response rate was significantly higher in patients with performance status (PS) 0–1 (P = 0.026), non-peritoneal metastasis (P = 0.021), PD-L1 TPS ≥ 1 (P = 0.012), CPS ≥ 5 (P = 0.007) or ≥ 10 (P < 0.001) or MMR deficiency (P < 0.001). The HPD rate was significantly higher in patients with PS 2–3 (P = 0.026), liver metastasis (P < 0.001) and CPS < 10 (P = 0.048). Multivariate analysis revealed that CPS (P = 0.001) and MMR (P = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors of progression-free survival, as well as liver metastasis (P < 0.001), peritoneal metastasis (P = 0.004) and CRP (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
PD-L1 CPS and MMR could be useful biomarkers for nivolumab treatment efficacy in GC.

Clinical trial registration
UMIN000032164.
Evidence for a unitary structure of spatial cognition beyond general intelligence
Authors: Malanchini Margherita , Rimfeld Kaili , Shakeshaft Nicholas G. , McMillan Andrew , Schofield Kerry L. , Rodic Maja , Rossi Valerio , Kovas Yulia , Dale Philip S. , Tucker-Drob Elliot M. , Plomin Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerformance in everyday spatial orientation tasks (e.g., map reading and navigation) has been considered functionally separate from performance on more abstract object-based spatial abilities (e.g., mental rotation and visualization). However, few studies have examined the link between spatial orientation and object-based spatial skills, and even fewer have done so including a wide range of spatial tests. To examine this issue and more generally to test the structure of spatial ability, we used a novel gamified battery to assess six tests of spatial orientation in a virtual environment and examined their association with ten object-based spatial tests, as well as their links to general cognitive ability (g). We further estimated the role of genetic and environmental factors in underlying variation and covariation in these spatial tests. Participants (N = 2660; aged 19–22) were part of the Twins Early Development Study. The six tests of spatial orientation clustered into a single ‘Navigation’factor that was 64% heritable. Examining the structure of spatial ability across all 16 tests, three, substantially correlated, factors emerged:Navigation,Object Manipulation, andVisualization. These, in turn, loaded strongly onto a general factor ofSpatial Ability, which was highly heritable (84%). A large portion (45%) of this high heritability was independent ofg. The results point towards the existence of a common genetic network that supports all spatial abilities.
The transcriptional signature associated with human motile cilia
Authors: Patir Anirudh , Fraser Amy M. , Barnett Mark W. , McTeir Lynn , Rainger Joe , Davey Megan G. , Freeman Tom C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCilia are complex microtubule-based organelles essential to a range of processes associated with embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Mutations in components of these organelles or those involved in their assembly may result in a diverse set of diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. Accordingly, many cilia-associated proteins have been described, while those distinguishing cilia subtypes are poorly defined. Here we set out to define genes associated with motile cilia in humans based on their transcriptional signature. To define the signature, we performed network deconvolution of transcriptomics data derived from tissues possessing motile ciliated cell populations. For each tissue, genes coexpressed with the motile cilia-associated transcriptional factor, FOXJ1, were identified. The consensus across tissues provided a transcriptional signature of 248 genes. To validate these, we examined the literature, databases (CilDB, CentrosomeDB, CiliaCarta and SysCilia), single cell RNA-Seq data, and the localisation of mRNA and proteins in motile ciliated cells. In the case of six poorly characterised signature genes, we performed new localisation experiments on ARMC3, EFCAB6, FAM183A, MYCBPAP, RIBC2 and VWA3A. In summary, we report a set of motile cilia-associated genes that helps shape our understanding of these complex cellular organelles.
Identification of key genes in ruptured atherosclerotic plaques by weighted gene correlation network analysis
Authors: Xu Bao-Feng , Liu Rui , Huang Chun-Xia , He Bin-Sheng , Li Guang-Yi , Sun Hong-Shuo , Feng Zhong-Ping , Bao Mei-Hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rupture of atherosclerotic plaques is essential for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Identification of the key genes related to plaque rupture is an important approach to predict the status of plaque and to prevent the clinical events. In the present study, we downloaded two expression profiles related to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques (GSE41571 and GSE120521) from GEO database. 11 samples in GSE41571 were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to construct the weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) by R software. The gene oncology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment tool in DAVID website, and the Protein-protein interactions in STRING website were used to predict the functions and mechanisms of genes. Furthermore, we mapped the hub genes extracted from WGCNA to DEGs, and constructed a sub-network using Cytoscape 3.7.2. The key genes were identified by the molecular complex detection (MCODE) in Cytoscape. Further validation was conducted using dataset GSE120521 and human carotid endarterectomy (CEA) plaques. Results: In our study, 868 DEGs were identified in GSE41571. Six modules with 236 hub genes were identified through WGCNA analysis. Among these six modules, blue and brown modules were of the highest correlations with ruptured plaques (with a correlation of 0.82 and −0.9 respectively). 72 hub genes were identified from blue and brown modules. These 72 genes were the most likely ones being related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, cell growth, cell migration, leukocyte migration, PI3K-Akt signaling, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interaction. Among the 72 hub genes, 45 were mapped to the DEGs (logFC > 1.0, p-value < 0.05). The sub-network of these 45 hub genes and MCODE analysis indicated 3 clusters (13 genes) as key genes. They were LOXL1, FBLN5, FMOD, ELN, EFEMP1 in cluster 1, RILP, HLA-DRA, HLA-DMB, HLA-DMA in cluster 2, and SFRP4, FZD6, DKK3 in cluster 3. Further expression detection indicated EFEMP1, BGN, ELN, FMOD, DKK3, FBLN5, FZD6, HLA-DRA, HLA-DMB, HLA-DMA, and RILP might have potential diagnostic value.
Cognition of agriculture waste and payments for a circular agriculture model in Central China
Authors: Atinkut Haimanot B. , Yan Tingwu , Zhang Fengyi , Qin Shengze , Gai Hao , Liu Qiqi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn integrated model combining multi-layer cradle to cradle approach: cost effective, technically sound, and bioenvironmental cutting-edge agricultural waste assessment technologies are lacking; to address this gap, the study proposes circular agriculture model (CAM) to support an integrated, bio-based, sustainable and broadly applicable rural society. CAM is an innovative, quasi-public product, bio-commodity, and concept. This study uses survey data on the Chinese province of Hubei to consider the returning of crop residues to the soil and manure for compost or biogas production (first-generation biorefinery). It explores farmers' environmental understanding and their willingness to pay (WTP) under a “polluter pays” principle. Factors, including education, infrastructure, trust in family-neighbors, and environmental attitudes, have a significant effect on WTP. Moreover, income, sustainability-recycling behavior, environmental perception, perceived usefulness-easiness, and trust-in-government positively affect farmers’ WTP, whereas environmental attitude, intention, and selfishness have a negative effect. It, therefore, calls for the integration and cooperation of private, government, business, R&D and public welfare to value the combined rural traditions, religion, philosophy and belief, socio-psychological and altruistic values of local communities, which are essential for building trust and providing ecological security, tech spill-over, thereby indirectly helping farmers to restore their livelihoods.
Selection and validation of reference genes by RT-qPCR for murine cementoblasts in mechanical loading experiments simulating orthodontic forces in vitro
Authors: Niederau Christian , Craveiro Rogerio B. , Azraq Irma , Brockhaus Julia , Bastian Asisa , Kirschneck Christian , Wolf Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDifferent structures and cell types of the periodontium respond to orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) individually. Cementoblasts (OC/CM) located in the immediate vicinity of the fibroblasts on the cement have found way to the centre of actual research. Here, we identify and validate possible reference genes for OC/CM cells by RT-qPCR with and without static compressive loading. We investigated the suitability of 3 reference genes in an in vitro model of cementoblast cells using four different algorithms (Normfinder, geNorm, comparative delta-Ct method and BestKeeper) under different confluences and time. Comparable to our previous publications about reference genes in OTM in rats and human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF), Rpl22 in murine OC/CM cells appears as the least regulated gene so that it represents the most appropriate reference gene. Furthermore, unlike to the expression of our recommended reference genes, the expression of additionally investigated target genes changes with confluence and under loading compression. Based on our findings for future RT-qPCR analyses in OC/CM cells, Rpl22 or the combination Rpl22/Tbp should be favored as reference gene. According to our results, although many publications propose the use of Gapdh, it does not seem to be the most suitable approach.