bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimizing the airborne particle migration to the operating room during door opening
Authors: Lind MC , Sadrizadeh S , Venås B , Sadeghian P , Wang C , Harsem TT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Airborne bacteria that enter an open wound during surgery can result in post-operative infections, commonly referred to as surgical site infections (SSIs). The level of contaminants is usually lower in the operating rooms (ORs) in contrast to adjacent corridors. Penetration of particles carrying bacteria through the doorway during a door opening gives rise to the OR contaminant level as door-opening and passage may occur every 2.5 minutes during a given surgical activity. The authors had previously conducted a successful research study to reduce the contaminant migration from an anteroom, through the doorway, into an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR). In contrast to the AIIRs, the ORs are usually over-pressured related to the surrounding environments. However, both ORs and AIIRs share the same interest in avoiding air exchange between the room and the adjacent space. This paper, built upon the previous research achievement, proposes an innovative design solution to reduce the bacteria penetration to the ORs during a door opening and staff passage. Previously achieved results from CFD simulation and laboratory measurement confirmed that installing a ventilation unit that supplies a high air volume into the OR through low-velocity wall diffusers, may significantly reduce the contaminant migration to the OR during door-opening activities.
Personal inhalation risk assessment based on a hybrid method using CFD-CSP-PBTK modelling: quantification of time-averaged and peak concentration differences
Authors: Murga Alicia , Kuga Kazuki , Yoo Sung-Jun , Ito Kazuhide 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human health has been intimately linked to the indoor environment, highlighting the relevance of indoor air quality (IAQ). Although various techniques have been developed to maintain the well-being of building residents/workers, a convergence between IAQ and personal inhalation exposure risk under realistic conditions has yet to be achieved due to the heterogeneous nature of contaminant transfer. In this regard, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a promising tool when analysing detailed three-dimensional flow and gas-phase contaminant transport in a building. From this viewpoint, this study performs a comprehensive inhalation exposure analysis in the working environment, integrating outdoor airflow to the indoor environment of a factory under cross-ventilation for an 8-hour occupational period, a factory worker in the form of a computer simulated person (CSP) and a semi-coupled virtual respiratory tract. A physiologically-based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model has been added to the respiratory tract to predict tissue dose distribution, i.e., inhalation exposure risk. Three cases were analysed to confirm the differences between maximum/minimum and time-averaged inhaled dose for a comprehensive source-to-dose study. Results confirmed the relevance of calculated personal inhalation exposure for an accurate time-averaged intake and the danger of acute exposures at given times of a working day.
Numerical evaluation of a Ductless Personalized Ventilation (DPV) combined with a radiant HVAC system: thermal comfort
Authors: Liu Jiying , Zhao Yingying , Li Zhuangzhuang , Zhu Shengwei , Zhang Linhua , Srebric Jelena 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ductless personalized ventilation (DPV) as a recently developed technique and having the potential to meet the requirement of local thermal comfort and increase a wider thermostat setpoint range. The majority of published studies focused on the performance of DPV combined with convective-dominant HVAC system, while few investigations employed DPV in the radiant heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. This study conducted the numerical simulation to evaluate the local thermal comfort of a DPV combined with a radiant HVAC system. Flow rate of 2, 4 and 6 l/s were applied as personalized air which is drawn at the sucking height of 0.1 m, and ACH of 1.2 h−1 (0.16 m/s) and 2.4 h−1 (0.32 m/s) were considered for DV system. Different building enclosure temperature of 24, 26 and 28°C were assumed. Vertical air temperature difference, manikin-based equivalent temperature and draught rate expose to occupant face are mainly used as evaluation criteria. The results remarkably show that DPV can significantly decrease the equivalent temperature in head segment, and slightly increase the equivalent temperature in foot segment as well as calf and thigh segments. Larger draft discomfort with draught rate of about 16% occurred when DPV flow rate of 6 l/s was applied.
Development of metabolic rate prediction model using deep learning via Kinect camera in an indoor environment
Authors: Na HooSeung , Kim Taeyeon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Currently, there are only a few conventional methods to measure individual factors affecting metabolic rate (MET) based on the thermal comfort of occupants in residential buildings. In this work, a deep learning based MET prediction using a Kinect camera, which is a non-contact sensor, was developed. The root mean squared error (RMSE) and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the RMSE were used as indicators to predict MET accuracy. A total of 31 subjects participated in the experiment (16 men and 15 women). The METs of eight representative activities in the ASHRAE Standard 55 were measured (lying down, sitting, cooking, walking, eating, house cleaning, folding clothes, and handling 50 kg of books). The predicted results for all eight activities were significantly high. (RMSE: 0.26, CV: 13%). Further, METs were analyzed according to the gender and body mass index (BMI). Results of the analysis based on gender reveal that METs of men are higher than those of women. Analysis based on BMI showed that MET increased with higher BMI. However, with respect to sitting and eating food, the higher the BMI, the lower is the MET. This paper suggest that, a creative method was developed herein for predicting MET in an indoor environment with fairly high accuracy. Moreover, the difference in MET considering behavior as a factor was analyzed according to gender and BMI; these results can be used to develop guidelines for more accurate thermal comfort control.
Effect of ventilation on perceived air quality in 18 classrooms
Authors: Holøs Sverre B , Yang Aileen , Thunshelle Kari , Mysen Mads 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess whether reducing the minimum ventilation airflow rate (Vmin) has any negative impacts on perceived air quality (PAQ) upon entering an unoccupied room. Seventeen healthy young adults were asked to assess PAQ in 18 unoccupied classrooms upon entry. Extra pollution sources were introduced in two classrooms, while three other classrooms were not cleaned. The ventilation rate in each classroom was set in a random order to off, low (0.9/1.1 l/s per m2), medium (1.3 l/s per m2) and high (2.0 l/s per m2). Increasing the ventilation rate resulted in a significant improvement of the PAQ-score, with highest PAQ-score when Vmin is set to high and lowest when the ventilation is off. However, most of this increase occurred when increasing ventilation to the low rate. Classrooms that were not cleaned for two days of normal use prior to the test only showed a marked reduced PAQ at all ventilation rates.
Strategies of natural ventilation for hospitals: a comparative study between hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the Brazilian standard of thermal performance
Authors: Fugazza K S , Gobbi M E , Santos M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With the introduction of technological advancements in buildings and specially in health environments, such places became even more enclosed and automatized. The choice for the proper air ventilation system must be careful, for that is the biggest energy consumer in hospitals and decisive for inner air quality. This article has the objective to analyze natural ventilation strategies and thermal development in two wards located in two hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil, computer modeled and simulated. The discussion raises the following questions: 1. Do the ward windows at both hospitals meet the requirements for environmental comfort? 2. If so, for which months? Through bibliographical review building analysis were made, an architectural survey and computer simulation were made using DesignBuilder, taking into consideration all months of the year for the comfort and discomfort sensation frequencies. The results obtained point to a desired thermal comfort in both case studies throughout the months of April to December according to the span for acceptable operative temperatures in naturally ventilated buildings defined by ASHRAE 55-2013.
Energy use and perceived health in indoor swimming pool facilities
Authors: Nitter Therese B. , Carlucci Salvatore , Olsen Snorre N. , Svendsen Kristin v. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Swimming facilities are one of the most complex building categories with their high energy use and demanding indoor environment. A survey to collect information about user health and comfort, technical installations and operational strategies was distributed to pool facilities–from conventional swimming facilities to water parks–across Norway, and this article is based on the responses from 45 facilities. Using a multiple regression analysis, approximately 75% of the delivered energy can be attributed to the bather load and number of opening days. No correlation between delivered energy and user health and thermal comfort was obtained; however, a significant correlation between bathers and workers perceived health and comfort was found. Furthermore, bathers in the water parks reported to be significantly less satisfied with the indoor environment in comparison to bathers in conventional swimming facilities. The water parks also have a lower air change rate compared to the conventional swimming facilities.
Investigation into the adaption of PMV to evaluation of the medical staff in hospitals in Guangzhou
Authors: fang Zhaosong , Ji Xiangfei , Liao Yundang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this investigation, the measurement thermal parameters and thermal comfort field survey were carried in six air conditioned hospitals in Guangzhou. A total of 114 valid questionnaires were collected. Based on the data, there were strong linear regression relationships between PMV and MTSV and operative temperature. The neutral PMV of medical staff was 0.004. The neutral operation temperature was 22.99 °C from the PMV model. The thermal comfort temperature which meets a satisfaction degree of 90% ranges from 21.29°C to 24.70°C. In addition, the neutral temperature was 24.36 °C from the linear regression of MTSV. The range of thermal comfort temperature was between 22.86°C and 25.85°C. Comparing the MTSV and PMV, the MTSV was lower than that of PMV.
Comparative evaluation of the link between measured and perceived indoor environmental conditions in naturally and mechanically ventilated office environments
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Howard Alastair 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper uses a case study-based approach to comparatively evaluate the relationship between measured and perceived indoor environmental conditions in two office buildings, one naturally ventilated (NV) and one mechanically ventilated (MV) located in southeast England. Environmental parameters (indoor and outdoor relative humidity (RH), CO2 and indoor and outdoor temperature) were continuously monitored at 5 minute intervals over a period of 19 months (March 2017 to September 2018). During the monitoring period, occupant satisfaction surveys (snapshot and longitudinal) were conducted to record occupant perceptions of their working environment, including thermal comfort, resulting in approximately 2600 survey responses from each case study.
In the NV office, CO2 levels were high (>2000ppm) and indoor temperature was both high (>27°C) and variable (up to 8°C change). The MV office environment was found to operate within much narrower indoor temperature, RH and CO2 bands. This was evident in the little seasonal variation observed in the indoor CO2 levels in the MV office; whereas in the NV office, CO2 concentrations were over 1400 ppm for 20% of the working hours during the heating seasons and decreasing to 3% in the non-heating seasons, when windows were frequently opened. Occupants were found to have different levels of tolerance to measured indoor temperatures - neutral thermal sensation votes corresponded to a higher indoor temperature in the NV building, indicating the role of adaptation. Insights from the study can help in improving indoor environments of NV and MV offices.
Prediction of DHW energy use in a hotel in Norway
Authors: Dmytro Ivanko , Natasa Nord , Åse Lekang Sørensen , Igor Sartori , Thale Sofie Wester Plesser , Taxt Walnum Harald 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Domestic hot water (DHW) systems are significant consumers of energy in buildings. This article is dedicated to hourly and daily DHW energy use modeling, with the aim of achieving energy savings in buildings. The methods investigated in the article were tested using statistical data obtained from a hotel located in Oslo, Norway. For better modeling, the influence of various factors on DHW energy use in the hotel was studied. For this purpose, the wrapper approach was used. The analysis indicates that the most important variable that should be used in the model is number of guests. There are also other factors that can be taken in account, even though they do not have such strong influence. Traditionally, only daily data about number of guests are available in the hotels. These data do not allow us to develop accurate hourly model of DHW energy. The article therefore proposes a method which, based on introduction of artificial variables, improve accuracy of the hourly DHW model. Eight models are compered, based on criteria of their adequacy. The Support vector machine model shows the best results for daily modeling and the Partial least squares (PLS) regression for hourly modeling.
The utilization rate of potential heat accumulation capabilities using latent heat of phase-change materials
Authors: Zastawna-Rumin Anna , Nowak Katarzyna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study is to gain information on the actual effects of PCM labor in building partitions. The tested materials were plasterboards containing microcapsules of PCM. Two types of boards with various thermal characteristics of the contained PCM phase change and a simple plasterboard without PCM were tested. The results presented in this paper are one of the few stages of broader research on various PCM materials and different ways of their application. The lightweight wall of timber frame with high thermal insulation was subjected to set of test. The research was conducted in a complex of environmental chambers which allows provide different temperature curve of the chamber possible for real climatic conditions. The temperature and the density of heat flux were the values measured both on the surface and between wall layers. The results of measurements can also serve as a basis to determine the actual thermal characteristics of a partition wall with PCM layers, which can be helpful in creating a design tool to select an appropriate amount of PCM in relation to the thermal load of the building.
Building with nature: the case of “Case di Luce”
Authors: Pietro Pedone Ing. , Pantaleo Pedone Arch. , Massimo Pedone Arch. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Case di Luce is a Near Zero Energy Building and it is part of a sustainable urban regeneration that avoids land consumption, improving the area, sites in Bisceglie, a city of the south of Italy. A complex system of public spaces increases urban quality, matching residential NZEB with new infrastructures. The design experimentation stems from a holistic approach, linked to the themes of bio-architecture, eco-sustainability, environmental and living comfort. The architectural language is based on Nature and Bioclimatism. The project envisages as principles of sustainability new constructive techniques and natural materials as the backbones of the architectural composition, in a Mediterranean language. These elements are two. The first are greenhouses, the elements of passive capture of solar energy and of mediation between internal and external parts. The second is the “sail” cover - to accommodate the solar thermal and photo-voltaic panels – that allow the improvement of the architectural style and facilitate the achievement of the visual and thermal comfort. Great technical, ethical and environmental attention characterizes the building’s walls that are indeed realized with hemp and lime bricks, a mixture that is completely recyclable, bio-compatible, able to capture CO2. The use of breathable, green certified and non-toxic materials facilitates high standards of living. The building is certificated by CasaClima Gold 10 kWh/m2a and won the GREEN BUILDING AWARD 2016.
Analysis on the driving factors and patterns of window opening and closing behaviour in French households
Authors: Li Jun , Panchabikesan Karthik , Yu Zhun (Jerry) , Haghighat Fariborz , Mankibi Mohamed El , Zhang Guoqiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Window operation plays a vital role in indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and building energy consumption while maintaining occupants’ expected IEQ levels. In recent years, the influencing factors of window opening/closing behaviour have been widely investigated and evaluated in residential buildings, aiming at simulating building energy performance in a realistic manner. However, due to the challenges in collecting and analysing occupancy-related data, previous research works emphasized more on indoor/outdoor parameters (e.g. temperature and CO2). Hence, the correlation between occupancy patterns with window behaviour in a household has not been well explored. The aim of this study is to analyse the patterns of window opening and closing behaviour in French households and identify respective driving factors. The analysis was based on the data collected from four apartments in a high-performance residential building located in Lyon, France. The dataset considered in this study includes indoor environment data, weather data and occupancy behaviour with one minute resolution. Both model-dependent and model-independent approaches were adopted to assess the relative importance of driving factors for window operation. The results obtained in this study will provide insights regarding different driving factors for window operation and its related impact on occupant behaviour model performance. The outcomes of this research work can be used as input variables of occupant behaviour models in order to improve the building energy simulation performance.
The high-speed channel made of metal for interfacial charge transfer in Z-scheme g–C3N4/MoS2 water-splitting photocatalyst
Authors: Ju Lin , Liu Chen , Shi Liran , Sun Li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Z-scheme heterostructures have attracted much attention for their prominent photocatalytic performance. However, the charge transfer mechanism is still ambiguous, and how to design the high-speed channel for interfacial charge transfer is still a big challenge. In the present work, the energy band structure and charge transfer of the MoS2/g–C3N4 heterojunction are studied systematically. MoS2/g–C3N4 heterojunction could be demonstrated to form a direct Z-scheme system via the analysis of the interfacial band bending. Regrettably, this heterojunction has a low tunneling possibility at the surface, seriously limiting the photocatalytic efficiency. To solve this problem, we try to build high-speed channel between the layers with suitable metal. We make a thorough inquiry of the interface of M–C3N4 and M–MoS2 heterojunctions (M = Ag, Al, Au, and Pt). Our results reveals that Ag could improve the recombination efficiency of the majority carriers at the interface, which could pretty explain the enhanced photoactivity for g–C3N4/Ag/MoS2 system found in experiments. More notably, both Schottky and tunneling barriers vanish at the Al–C3N4 interface, forming an ohmic contact, which predicts a higher performance for electron transport. So that aluminum with the more excellent performance and higher abundance is a promising candidate for sliver in the Z-scheme system.
Vitamin K antagonists vs. direct oral anticoagulants after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Butt Jawad H , De Backer Ole , Olesen Jonas B , Gerds Thomas A , Havers-Borgersen Eva , Gislason Gunnar H , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Søndergaard Lars , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aims
To examine the risk of arterial thromboembolism, bleeding, and all-cause mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) vs. vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods and results
In this nationwide observational cohort study, 735 patients undergoing TAVI from 1 January 2012 to 30 June 2017 with a history of AF and who were treated with oral anticoagulants were identified using data from Danish nationwide registries. Of these, 219 (29.8%) and 516 (70.2%) patients were treated with DOACs and VKAs, respectively. The DOAC group was characterized by a higher prevalence of previous arterial thromboembolism and a lower prevalence of chronic kidney disease compared with the VKA group. The distribution of age, sex, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, and concomitant antiplatelet therapy was similar between groups. Compared with VKA, treatment with DOACs was not associated with a significantly different 3-year absolute risk of arterial thromboembolism [9.6% (95% confidence interval, CI 4.7–16.5%) vs. 7.4% (95% CI 4.9–10.5%) in the DOAC and VKA group, respectively], bleeding [14.3% (95% CI 7.6–22.9%) vs. 13.3% (95% CI 9.9–17.1%)], or all-cause mortality [32.7% (95% CI 21.8–44.0%) vs. 32.0% (95% CI 26.8–37.3%)]. In adjusted analyses, treatment with DOACs, when compared with VKAs, was not associated with a significantly different rate of arterial thromboembolism [hazard ratio (HR) 1.23 (95% CI 0.58–2.59)], bleeding [HR 1.14 (95% CI 0.63–2.06)], or all-cause mortality [HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.61–1.40)].

Conclusion
In patients with AF undergoing TAVI, treatment with DOACs was not associated with a significantly different risk of arterial thromboembolism, bleeding, or all-cause mortality compared with VKA.