bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimmzettel nutzerfreundlicher gestalten: Empfehlungen auf Grundlage eines Survey-Experimentes
Authors: Nyhuis Dominic , Jankowski Michael , Münchow Felix , Harmening Morten , Bruns Jannik , Holly Max , Karacic Josip , Hönnige Christoph 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit nimmt die große empirische Vielfalt in der Gestaltung von Stimmzetteln zum Anlass, um sich mit Frage zu beschäftigen, welche Stimmzettelmerkmale von Wählerinnen und Wählern gewünscht werden. Dazu greift die Studie auf ein Discrete-Choice-Experiment im Rahmen eines Online-Surveys mit rund 1200 deutschen Teilnehmenden zurück. Im Experiment entscheiden sich die Teilnehmenden zwischen fiktiven Stimmzetteln, die sich im Hinblick auf die Informationen zum Wahlsystem, die Informationen zu den Kandidierenden und das Design unterschieden. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass die Teilnehmenden einer zu ausführlichen, aber auch einer zu knappen Erläuterung des Wahlsystems kritisch gegenüberstehen. Weiterhin schätzen die Teilnehmenden die Angabe von Beruf und Alter der Kandidierenden, während die Angabe von Kandidatenadressen skeptischer bewertet wird. Zudem kann festgestellt werden, dass die Verständlichkeit das wichtigste Kriterium für die Bewertung von Stimmzetteln ist. Auf Grundlage der Befunde werden Merkmale geeigneter Stimmzettel herausgearbeitet und ein gelungener Stimmzettel vorgestellt.
Higher order interactions and species coexistence
Authors: Singh Pragya , Baruah Gaurav 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigher order interactions (HOIs) have been suggested to stabilize diverse ecological communities. However, their role in maintaining species coexistence from the perspective of modern coexistence theory is not known. Here, using generalized Lotka-Volterra model, we derive a general rule for species coexistence modulated by HOIs. We show that where pairwise species interactions fail to promote species coexistence in regions of extreme fitness differences, negative HOIs that intensify pairwise competition, however, can promote coexistence provided that HOIs strengthen intraspecific competition more than interspecific competition. In contrast, positive HOIs that alleviate pairwise competition can stabilize coexistence across a wide range of fitness differences, irrespective of differences in strength of inter- and intraspecific competition. In addition, we extend our three-species analytical result to multispecies communities and show, using simulations, that multispecies coexistence is possible provided that strength of negative intraspecific HOIs is higher than interspecific HOIs. Our work sheds light on the underlying mechanisms through which HOIs can maintain species diversity.
Cutaneous Hypersensitivity as an Indicator of Visceral Inflammation via C-Nociceptor Axon Bifurcation
Authors: Fang Yehong , Han Shu , Li Xiaoxue , Xie Yikuan , Zhu Bing , Gao Xinyan , Ma Chao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPain on the body surface can accompany disorders in the deep tissue or internal organs. However, the anatomical and physiological mechanisms are obscure. Here, we provided direct evidence of axon bifurcation in primary C-nociceptive neurons that innervate both the skin and a visceral organ. Double-labeled dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and Evans blue extravasation were observed in 3 types of chemically-induced visceral inflammation (colitis, urocystitis, and acute gastritis) rat models. In the colitis model, mechanical hypersensitivity and spontaneous activity were recorded in vivo from double-labeled C-nociceptive neurons in S1 or L6 DRGs. These neurons showed significantly enhanced responses to both somatic stimulation and colorectal distension. Our findings suggest that the branching of C-nociceptor axons contribute to cutaneous hypersensitivity in visceral inflammation. Cutaneous hypersensitivity on certain locations of the body surface might serve as an indicator of pathological conditions in the corresponding visceral organ.
Mucinous cystic adenoma with inflammatory cell infiltration around the splenic artery mimicking pancreatic cancer: a case report
Authors: Okuse Hiroaki , Yamada Reiko , Tanaka Kyosuke , Horiki Noriyuki , Takei Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 45-year-old woman presented with upper abdominal and back pain. A cystic lesion in the pancreas and inflammation around the splenic artery were detected by computed tomography. Although imaging studies were difficult to exclude malignancy, pathological and cytological findings of a fine-needle aspiration showed no signs of malignancy. The patient was, therefore, followed-up for 3 months, during which time the cyst increased in size and developed a cyst-in-cyst structure. She was diagnosed with mucinous cyst neoplasm and underwent distal pancreatectomy. Histologically, the patient was diagnosed as low-grade mucinous cystic adenoma. Soft tissue shadows around the splenic artery were considered to indicate fibrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells. After distal pancreatectomy, the patient has been uneventful with symptom resolution. This case highlights the potentially atypical presentation of mucinous cystic neoplasms with inflammatory cell infiltration around the splenic artery.
Implementation of the 2015 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis in the Netherlands
Authors: Wahadat A. R. , Deckers J. W. , Budde R. P. J. , van der Meer J. T. M. , Natour E. H. , ten Oever J. , Kortlever-van der Spek A. L. J. , Stegeman B. H. , Verkaik N. J. , Roos-Hesselink J. W. , Tanis W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBecause the occurrence of infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be associated with high mortality, a working group was created by the Dutch Society of Cardiology to examine how the most recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for IE management could be implemented most effectively in the Netherlands. In order to investigate current Dutch IE practices, the working group conducted a country-wide survey. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that most ESC recommendations could be endorsed, albeit with some adjustments. For instance, the suggested pre-operative screening and treatment of nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus as formulated in the ESC guideline was found to be dissimilar to current Dutch practice, and was therefore made less restrictive. The recently adapted ESC diagnostic criteria for IE were endorsed, while the practical employment of the relevant diagnostic techniques was simplified in an adapted flowchart. In addition, the presence of a multidisciplinary, so-called ‘endocarditis team’ in tertiary centres was proposed as a quality indicator. An adapted flowchart specifically tailored to Dutch practice for microbiological diagnostic purposes was constructed. Lastly, the working group recommended the Stichting Werkgroep Antibioticabeleid (SWAB; Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy) guidelines for IE treatment instead of the antibiotic regimens proposed by the ESC.
The effects of precipitation variability on the canopy cover of forage species in arid rangelands, Iran
Authors: Joneidi Hamed , Azizi Nahid , Osati Khaled , Bandak Isa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research was conducted to monitor changes in canopy cover of typical species during a 10-year period in the part of arid rangelands, to find out the relationship between two important climate variables (precipitation and temperature) and canopy cover changes. For that reason, canopy cover percentages of six dominant perennials and all annual plant species combined were measured during a 10-year period at phenological maturity of plant in thirty 2 m × 2 m plots which were placed along two 250-m transect lines. The results demonstrated that the maximum canopy cover for water year 2006–2007 (wet year) and the minimum value for water year 2012–2013 (drought) were 15 and 5.5%, respectively. The canopy cover was modeled by linear regression in which precipitation and temperature variables were considered independent variables. April precipitation explained 65% of changes in the canopy cover percentage of Artemisia sieberi at 95% confidence level (RRMSE = 0.26 and MAE = 0.49). The best simple linear regression models for estimating canopy cover percentages of Stipa barbata and Zygophyllum eurypterum corresponded to cumulative 4-month precipitation from March to June and March precipitation respectively, representing 77% (at 99% confidence level) and 67% (at 95% confidence level) of changes correspondingly. Considering the dominance of A. sieberi, S. barbata, and Z. eurypterum in floristic composition of the study area, it can be concluded that most changes in canopy cover of the studied rangeland are predicted by variability of precipitation during growing seasons.
Men’s Health 2020
Authors: Maessen Aniek , Hennus Pauline M.L. 
Published: September 2020

SamenvattingDe eerste dag van het virtuele EAU20-congres werd afgesloten met een themasessie: ‘Men’s Health 2020’. Het eerste centrale onderwerp van het eerste deel van de sessie was ‘De Uroloog’ als bewaker van de mannelijke gezondheid. Bewaker omdat bijvoorbeeld lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) en erectiele disfunctie (ED) een eerste aanwijzing kunnen zijn voor een systemische ziekte die een rol speelt in de toename van morbiditeit en mortaliteit van mannen. Drs. Aniek Maessen aios urologie Dr. Pauline M. L. Hennus uroloog
EAU-verslag Andrologie
Authors: Dinkelman-Smit Marij 
Published: September 2020

SamenvattingDe EAU guidelines ‘Male infertility, male sexual dysfunction en male hypogonadism’ zijn ondergebracht onder een nieuw panel dat dit jaar de eerste ‘Sexual and Reproductive Health’ richtlijn presenteerde: zeer de moeite waard om te bekijken. Hierna volgt een samenvatting ‘Andrologie en testiculaire kiemceltumor’ uit de EAU20 Virtual.
Prevalence, predictors and outcomes of thyroid dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction: the ThyrAMI-1 study
Authors: Jabbar A. , Ingoe L. , Thomas H. , Carey P. , Junejo S. , Addison C. , Vernazza J. , Austin D. , Greenwood J. P. , Zaman A. , Razvi S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Thyroid dysfunction in patients with cardiac disease is associated with worse outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and analyse predictors and outcomes of thyroid dysfunction in patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods
A prospective multicentre observational study of patients recruited from six acute hospitals within the North of England. Consecutive patients without previous thyroid disease presenting with both ST-elevation AMI (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation AMI (NSTEMI) were recruited to the Thyroxine in Acute Myocardial Infarction 1 (ThyrAMI-1) cohort study between December 2014 and 2016. Thyroid profile, standard biochemistry measurements and demographic information were obtained within 12 h of admission to hospital. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the predictors of thyroid dysfunction and Cox proportional hazards analyses were utilised to compare all-cause mortality by categories of thyroid dysfunction up to June 2019.

Results
Of the 1802 participants analysed, 1440 (79.9%) were euthyroid, 312 (17.3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), 22 (1.2%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) and 25 (1.3%) had low T3 syndrome (LT3S). Predictors for SCH were increasing age, female sex, higher thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels, higher serum creatinine levels and early morning sampling time (between 00:01–06:00 h). The predictors of SHyper were lower body mass index and afternoon sampling time (between 12:01 and 18:00 h). Predictors of LT3S were increasing age, higher creatinine levels and presence of previous ischaemic heart disease. Compared to the euthyroid group, patients with LT3S had higher all-cause mortality; adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) of 2.02 (1.03–3.95), p = 0.04, whereas those with SCH and SHyper did not exhibit significantly increased mortality; adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1.05 (0.74–1.49), p = 0.79 and 0.27 (0.04–1.95), p = 0.19, respectively.

Conclusions
Thyroid dysfunction is common in AMI patients on admission to hospital and our data provide an understanding regarding which factors might influence thyroid dysfunction in these patients. Furthermore, the negative association between LT3S and increased mortality post-AMI has once again been highlighted by this study. More research is required to assess if treatment of thyroid dysfunction improves clinical outcomes.
Will the World Ever Be the Same After COVID-19? Two Lessons from the First Global Crisis of a Digital Age
Authors: Fenwick Mark , McCahery Joseph A. , Vermeulen Erik P. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoronavirus is the first global crisis of a digital age and the divergence in policy responses reflects the challenge of navigating an unprecedented global situation under conditions of enormous uncertainty. We ask what lessons can be learned from this experience and identify two, both of which push against mainstream interpretations of recent events. First, and contrary to the view that the crisis exposed social media and Big Tech as a source of dangerous misinformation that needs to be regulated more strictly, the paper argues that the less mediated spaces of the Internet—social media and Twitter, in particular—played an essential role in triggering a more effective policy response based around social distancing, lockdown, and containment. Second, and contrary to the view that things will go back to normal once the worst of the crisis has passed, the paper argues that, as a direct result of lockdown, the status quo has been shifted across multiple sectors of the economy. Three examples of this shift are introduced, notably the forced experimentation with digital technologies in education and health, the increased use of remote work in many companies, and a reduction in environmentally harmful behavior and decrease in pollution levels. The long-term effects of this ‘reset’ are impossible to predict, but a quick return to the ‘old normal’ seems unlikely. The paper concludes with the suggestion that this reset has created a unique historical opportunity for the reappraisal of regulatory approaches across multiple domains and exposed the need for regulatory models better aligned to a less mediated, more decentralized world. COVID-19 is a global tragedy, but—given that it has happened—it should be used as a learning experience to re-imagine a better, more socially, and environmentally responsible future.
K-Ar and Rb-Sr Dating of Nanometer-Sized Smectite-Rich Mixed Layers From Bentonite Beds of the Campos Basin (Rio De Janeiro State, Brazil)
Authors: Clauer Norbert , Środoń Jan , Aubert Amélie , Uysal I. Tonguç , Toulkeridis Theofilos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractK-Ar isotopic dating has been applied to alkali-rich nanometer-sized illite separates of bentonites since the late 1990s. In the present study, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic analyses were based on mineralogical determinations and morphological observations of similarly nm-sized separates (<0.02, 0.02–0.05, and 0.05–0.1 μm) depleted in alkalis and recovered from Santonian (85.8–83.5 Ma) bentonites of the Campos Basin located offshore the southeastern Atlantic coast (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). On the basis of XRD analyses and geochemical/mineralogical simulations, the size fractions consist essentially of the smectite-rich end-member of the smectite-to-illite trend with no more than 9% authigenic illite layers. High K-Ar values from 42.6 ± 3.2 to 70.2 ± 2.1 Ma confirm the occurrence of detrital illite in one sample at least, the age data being meaningless. A second group of K-Ar values ranges from 15.5 ± 10.7 to 41.3 ± 10.8 Ma, while the smallest (<0.02 and 0.02–0.05 μm) fractions with <0.42% K2O lack detectable radiogenic 40Ar and yield analytically 0 Ma ages. Two samples including that with the detrital illite were leached with dilute acid and the Rb-Sr method was applied to the untreated, leachate, and residual fractions of the different separates. The combined isotopic data suggest that illitization started at ~44 ± 4 Ma when the bentonites were subjected to a temperature of ~60°C. The leachable Sr yielded 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7106–0.7108, which is greater than those of seawater either during deposition or recently, and of the initial ashes. They do not correspond to the chemical signature of pore fluids, but more likely to removals from fragile edges of the illite-smectite layers probably impacted by the rough initial chemical treatment applied to empty the smectite interlayers. Illitization was either a side effect of a major contemporaneous smectitization or an independent process that occurred later, in the progressively buried bentonite beds. Of variable duration, it was probably dependent on burial-induced temperature increase in the bentonites, which monitored the fixation of K in the smectite layering with or without a changing fluid chemistry. On the basis of the combined K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic data, illitization lasted either until ~15 Ma or even 0 Ma for some of the finest size fractions.
Brazilian Primary and Secondary Public Oral Health Attention: Are Dentists Ready to Face the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Vieira-Meyer Anya P.G.F. , Coutinho Maíra B. , Santos Helena P.G. , Saintrain Maria V. , Candeiro George T. de M. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:To investigate knowledge and practice of Brazilian public primary and secondary health care dentists during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:An online questionnaire with sociodemographic and COVID-19 knowledge questions was used.Results:A total of 4048 dentists working in the Brazilian public primary and secondary health care system were investigated; 4024 (99.41%) believe that COVID-19 can be transmitted through dental procedures. A fair level of COVID-19 symptoms knowledge by these dentists was observed (3.76±1.27 of 6.00), as well as the skepticism in personal protective equipment (3382; 83.55%) and biosafety procedures (3278; 80.98%) used as an efficient form of COVID-19 transmission prevention. Country region, performance of social distancing, dental specialty, the use of personal protective equipment, and biosafety preventive measures influenced the likelihood of dentists to perform dental treatment, either elective or urgent, during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion:The need of extra preventive barriers for dental treatment may bring an extra financial stress in the Brazilian public primary and secondary health care system, as well as in the patient-dentist relationship, which may have to be reframed. Internationally accepted public guideline policies regarding dental treatment safety, as well as the technological development of preventive tools, are needed to deal with the challenges brought by COVID-19.
The Common European Asylum System: Balancing Mutual Trust Against Fundamental Rights Protection
Authors: Anagnostaras Georgios 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Common European Asylum System constitutes one of the principal areas in which the fundamental rights of individuals are essentially placed in competition with the core principle of mutual confidence and the need to preserve the effectiveness of EU law. That competitive relationship becomes particularly evident when applicants for international protection rely on alleged violations of their fundamental rights in order to contest their transfer to the Member State that is normally responsible for examining their asylum request according to the criteria of the Dublin III Regulation. The balancing process that needs to be carried out in this respect and the measure of the monitoring obligation that EU law imposes on the receiving Member State regarding the protection of the fundamental rights of asylum seekers are well exemplified by the preliminary ruling in Jawo. That case provides additional clarification regarding the circumstances in which the protection of fundamental rights may introduce exceptions to the principle of mutual trust. At the same time, it illustrates the inherent tensions that exist between the protection of fundamental rights and the application of the principle of mutual confidence.
Life history parameters of the round sardinella Sardinella aurita in the Central East Atlantic off north-west Africa
Authors: Jurado-Ruzafa Alba , Hernández Eva , Duque-Nogal Verónica , Pascual-Alayón Pedro J. , Carrasco M. Nazaret , Sancho Alejandro , Santamaría M. Teresa G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSardinella aurita has become an important source of fish protein-intake in NW African countries, where one stock is considered from Morocco to south Senegal, performing seasonal reproductive migrations along the coast. Although data are limited for the fisheries involved and for life-history knowledge of the species in the area, a precautionary approach is recommended to avoid overexploitation. Commercial landings of round sardinella produced by the European freezer-pelagic trawlers operating in Mauritanian waters were analysed between May 2004 and February 2012. The length-weight relationships (LWRs) (N = 40,725) did not show significant differences between sexes. Ripening round sardinellas were present throughout the year, but spawning effort rose between June and December. The length at first maturity for males and females was estimated at 27.7 cm TL (2.1 years) and 28.1 cm TL (2.2 years), respectively. Ages were interpreted from otoliths, varying from 0 to 8 years. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters resulted in non-statistically significant differences between sexes (P = 0.28). Natural mortality was estimated at ~0.63 year–1. The results provide important biological information for fisheries assessment of a species that plays an important key role in the current climate change scenario and for the economies of the riparian countries.
One Way to Fill All the Concave Region in Grid-Based Map
Authors: Zhang ZiYing , Yang Xu , Xu Dong , Geng Ke , Meng YuLong , Feng GuangSheng 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThe search space of the path planning problem can greatly affect the running time and memory consumption, for example, the concave obstacle in grid-based map usually leads to the invalid search space. In this paper, the filling container algorithm is proposed to alleviate the concave area problem in 2D map space, which is inspired from the scenario of pouring water into a cup. With this method, concave areas can be largely excluded by scanning the map repeatedly. And the effectiveness has been proved in our experiments.
Appraisement and Analysis of Dynamical Stability of Under-Constrained Cable-Driven Lower-Limb Rehabilitation Training Robot
Authors: Wang Yan-Lin , Wang Ke-Yi , Wang Wan-Li , Han Zhuang , Zhang Zi-Xing 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThe dynamical stability of the cable-driven lower-limb rehabilitation training robot (CLLRTR) is a crucial question. Based on the established dynamics model of CLLRTR, the solution to the wrench closure of the under-constrained system is presented. Secondly, the stability index of CLLRTR is proposed by the Krasovski method. Finally, in order to analyze the stability distribution of CLLRTR in the workspace, the stability evaluation index in the workspace is calculated using the eigenvalue decomposition method. The stability distribution laws of CLLRTR are further verified by the experimental study. The results provide references for studying trajectory planning and anti-pendulum control of CLLRTR.