bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care Pathway And Prioritization Of Rapid Testing For Covid-19 In UK Hospitals: A Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Hicks Timothy , Winter Amanda , Green Kile , Kierkegaard Patrick , Price D. , Body Richard , Allen A , Graziadio Sara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives The second wave of the coronavirus pandemic is now established, occurring at a time of winter pressure on acute care in the NHS. This is likely to be more challenging then the first wave for the diagnosis of COVID-19 because of the similar symptomology with other respiratory conditions highly prevalent in winter. This study sought to understand the care pathways in place in UK NHS hospitals during the first wave (March-July 2020) for identification of patients with COVID-19 and to learn lessons to inform optimal testing strategies within the COVID-19 National Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Platform (CONDOR).Design, setting & participants Sixteen hospital-based clinicians from 12 UK NHS Trusts covering 10 different specialties were interviewed following a semi-structured topic guide. Data were coded soon after the interviews and analysed thematically.Results We developed a diagrammatic, high-level visualisation of the care pathway describing the main clinical decisions associated with the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected COVID-19. COVID-19 testing influenced infection control considerations more so than treatment decisions. Two main features of service provision influenced the patient management significantly: access to rapid laboratory testing and the number of single occupancy rooms. If time to return of result was greater than 24 hours, patients with a presumptive diagnosis would often be cohorted based on clinical suspicion alone. Undetected COVID-19 during this time could therefore lead to an increased risk of viral transmission.Conclusions During the winter months, priority for provision of rapid testing at admission should be given to hospitals with limited access to laboratory services and single room availability. Access to rapid testing is essential for urgent decisions related to emergency surgery, maternity services and organ transplant. The pathway and prioritization of need will inform the economic modelling, clinical evaluations, and implementation of new clinical tests in UK.
Vibration Analysis of Post-buckled Fluid-conveying Functionally Graded Pipe
Authors: Selmi Abdellatif 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The vibration of post - buckl ed fluid - conveying pipe made of functionally graded material is analyzed . The pipe material properties are assumed to be graded in the thickness dire ction according to power - law distribution. A n exact solution is obtained for the post - buckling deformation of the fluid - conveying functionally graded pipe with various boundary conditions. T he linear vibration problem is solved around the first buckled con figuration and t he natural frequencies of the three lowest vibration modes are obtained. The influences of power - law exponent, initial tension, fluid density and fluid velocity on the static deflection and free vibration frequencies are studied.
Deformation Mediated by Grain Rotation in Superhard Nanocrystalline cBN
Authors: Wang Pei , Kisslinger Kim , Chen Haiyan , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Liping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Superhard materials such as diamond and cubic boron nitride (cBN) are becoming ever more scientifically and technologically important, and critical and fundamental knowledge about their constitutive properties and deformational mechanisms is in increasingly high demand. Although it has long been suggested by theoretical modeling that deformation of face-centered cubic superhard materials is dominated by Shockley partial dislocations and screw dislocations, there has been a glaring lack of experimental evidence. Here, we report in situ deformation experiments of nanocrystalline cBN (nc-cBN) samples at high pressures and temperatures using a deformation-DIA (D-DIA) apparatus coupled with synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques. Intrinsic stress-strain relations have been obtained for nc-cBN for the first time, and only elastic deformation occurred up to a strain of at least 14% at room temperature (RT), demonstrating its remarkable strength, which was undoubtedly enhanced by observed microscopic features such as the Lomer-Cottrell (L-C) locks and high-angle GBs. While deformation at RT is dominated by brittle fractures and mechanic crushing induced by grain boundary twisting mediated by full dislocations, plasticity of nc-CBN at higher temperatures is controlled by grain rotation and twinning mediated by Shockley partial dislocations. At 4.0 GPa and 1200 °C, accumulated shear strain resulted in the conversion of cBN to hBN at or near twisting GBs, releasing stress and mediating deformation in the process. We demonstrate the apparent agreement between the differential micro-stress derived from peak broadening analysis and differential macro-stress deduced from lattice strain analysis.
Dual-modal Light-harvesting Microfluidic System via Simultaneous Up- and Down-Conversions for Enhanced Flow Photocatalysis
Authors: Kim Mi-Jeong , You Younghoon , Ahn Gwang-Noh , Bae Sanghyeon , Kim Dowon , Kim Jung-Kyun , Kwon Yong-Eun , Ryu Jungki , Lee Jiseok , Kim Dong-Pyo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Microfluidic systems with large surface-to-volume ratios enable photocatalytic reactions to occur, avoiding the limitations of light penetration and allow the efficient transfer/mixing of mass and energy. For enhanced photocatalysis, the utilization of broad-spectrum light, especially over the entire solar spectrum, is highly desirable, but has been less explored in microfluidic systems. Herein, we report a novel microfluidic system with dual-modal light-harvesting capability via simultaneous up- and down-conversions to significantly improve the photocatalytic efficiency of C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions using ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) light. A transparent composite incorporating down-converting (DC) coumarin dye and up-converting (UC) lanthanide-doped nanocrystals (β-NaYF4:Yb/Er/Gd) was coated onto the inner surface of the microchannels, which showed effective dual conversion of UV/NIR to visible light. An improved photocatalytic organic transformation using our single- or double-stacked microfluidic system was achieved utilizing a photocatalytic aza-Henry reaction with rose bengal (RB), which displayed a two-fold increase in reaction conversion.
In situ observation of cracking and self-healing of solid electrolyte interphases during lithium deposition
Authors: Yang Tingting , Li Hui , Tang Yongfu , Chen Jingzhao , Ye Hongjun , Wang Baolin , Zhang Yin , Du Congcong , Yao Jingming , Guo Baiyu , Shen Tong , Zhang Liqiang , Zhu Ting , Huang Jianyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The growth of lithium (Li) whiskers is detrimental to Li batteries. However, it remains a challenge to directly track Li whisker growth. Here we report in situ observations of electrochemically induced Li deposition under a CO2 atmosphere inside an environmental transmission electron microscope. We find that the morphology of individual Li deposits is strongly influenced by the competing processes of cracking and self-healing of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). When cracking overwhelms self-healing, the directional growth of Li whiskers predominates. In contrast, when self-healing dominates over cracking, the isotropic growth of round Li particles prevails. The Li deposition rate and SEI constituent can be tuned to control the Li morphologies. We reveal a new “weak-spot” mode of Li dendrite growth, which is attributed to the operation of the Bardeen-Herring growth mechanism in the whisker’s cross section. This work has implications for the control of Li dendrite growth in Li batteries.
Urinary MicroRNA Biomarkers for Detecting The Presence of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Okuda Yusuke , Shimura Takaya , Iwasaki Hiroyasu , Fukusada Shigeki , Nishigaki Ruriko , Kitagawa Mika , Katano Takahito , Okamoto Yasuyuki , Yamada Tamaki , Horike Shin-ichi , Kataoka Hiromi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC) generally exhibits poor prognosis; hence, a noninvasive biomarker enabling early detection is necessary. Methods: Age- and sex-matched 150 healthy controls (HCs) and 43 patients with ESCC were randomly divided into two groups: 9 patients in the discovery cohort for microarray analysis and 184 patients in the training/test cohort with cross-validation for qRT-PCR analysis. Using 152 urine samples (144 HCs and 8 EACs), we validated the urinary miRNA biomarkers for EAC diagnosis.Results: Among eight miRNAs selected in the discovery cohort, urinary levels of five miRNAs (miR-1273f, miR-619-5p, miR-150-3p, miR-4327, and miR-3135b) were significantly higher in the ESCC group than in the HC group, in the training/test cohort. Consistently, these five urinary miRNAs were significantly different between HC and ESCC in both training and test sets. Especially, urinary miR-1273f and miR-619-5p showed excellent values of area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.80 for diagnosing stage I ESCC. Similarly, the EAC group had significantly higher urinary levels of these five miRNAs than the HC group, with AUC values of approximately 0.80.Conclusion: The present study established novel urinary miRNA biomarkers that can early detect ESCC and EAC.
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) Into Japanese
Authors: Yamaji Noyuri , Ohde Sachiko , Takahashi Osamu , Muroya Saki , Fukui Tsuguya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Patient-centred healthcare is important, and patient experiences are considered a central pillar of quality in healthcare. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS®) is an instrument used to quantitatively evaluate patient perspectives. This study's objective was to conduct the translation and adaptation of the HCAHPS® into Japanese and to determine the validity and reliability of the translated version.Methods: We translated the original English HCAPHS® into Japanese based on standardized guidelines. The content validity was assessed by an expert panel of eight members and 12 discharged patients. The discharged patients assessed the face validity. We assessed the average of all raters’ evaluations at the item level (I-CVI and I-FVI) and the scale level (S-CVI and S-FVI). We evaluated each item and the entire questionnaire, with cut-off points of 0.78 for the I-CVI and I-FVI and 0.9 for the S-CVI and S-FVI.Results: Regarding the content validity, the S-CVI was 0.99, and the I-CVIs for the individual items ranged from 0.95 to 1.0. Regarding the face validity, the I-FVIs of all items except for Q26 were 0.78 or higher. The S-FVIs were 0.96 for clarity and 0.98 for comprehension. The expert panel reviewed the translated Japanese version of the HCAHPS and modified it based on the patient raters' feedback.Conclusions: The translated HCAHPS® content is well adapted to the local context. Until now, there has been no standard instrument to measure the perspectives of hospitalized patients in Japan. The translated HCAHPS® is expected to have utility for measuring the quality of health indicators.Trial registration:No applicable.
When do physicians perceive the success of a new care model differently? A qualitative study on personal values of physicians and their expected advantages through the implementation of a new care model in a primary care setting
Authors: Richter Simone , Demirer Ibrahim , Nocon Maya , Pfaff Holger , Karbach Ute 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

The health care innovation "MamBo – people with multimorbidity in outpatient care: patient-focused and needs-oriented healthcare management” aims to improve the efficiency and quality of care for multimorbid patients by delegating tasks (e.g. taking over house calls or coordinating specialist appointments) to a monitoring and coordination assistant (MoniKa). Participating physicians are very important for the success of the health care innovation due to their direct involvement as practitioners and their task of enrolling patients. The aim of this part of the evaluation study is therefore to identify the physician’s personal values, which influence the individual perception of the project’s advantages and thus possibly the acceptance and sustainable implementation of new care structures.
Methods

Two Focus groups (n = 4; n = 6) and three individual interviews with general practitioners and specialists who decided to implement the health care innovation within the first year were conducted. The semi-structured guidelines were developed by the research team. The interviews were analysed according to the content analysis by Mayring. We used the learning model of operant conditioning to place our study results in a theoretical context.
Result

Two central personal values of the participants, which determine the desired advantages of the health care innovation were identified: More patient-oriented and more economic-oriented values. Participants with more patient-oriented values quickly perceived advantages, which seems to be beneficial for the acceptance of the new care structures. Economic-oriented participants tended to be more critical. The benefits of the health care innovation, which was expressed, for example, in an improvement of the practice routine, has not yet been perceived by this group, or only to a limited extent.
Conclusion

The results suggest that the respective values of the participants define the individual perceived advantages and thus, the assessment of the success of the health care innovation in general. These findings could be used in the implementation process by increasing the motivation of the project participants through typified supervision.
Trial registration:

The study has been registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00014047).
DDIT4 is an Innate Protector in Psoriatic Keratinocytes and 1,25(OH)2D3 Exerts Anti-Psoriasis Through Promoting DDIT4 Inducing Macro-Autophagy and Proliferation Inhibition
Authors: Zhang Xiaojiao , Luo Fuling , Luo Yi , Li Jing , Wan Jingyuan , Hu LI , Zhao Hengguang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Its pathogenesis is now still unelucidated and the treatment is far from satisfied. DNA Damage-Inducible Transcript 4 (DDIT4) is a widely expressed protein in different tissue, which can activate cell macro-autophagy through mTORC1 passway. Vitamin D3 and analogues is a classic topical reagent for psoriasis vulgaris for more than 30 years, but its exact mechanism is not fully clear. In this study, we intend to verify whether vitamin D3 also exerts anti-psoriasis through promoting DDIT4 inducing macro-autophagy and proliferation inhibition in psoriasis vulgaris. Results showed DDIT4 was over-expressed in psoriatic tissue, and probably acted as an innate protector during psoriasis pathogenesis. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) could promote DDIT4 expression in a rough linear correlation and subsequently activate macro-autophagy and inhabit cell proliferation, especially at the high concentration of 100nM. In terms of our understanding, this is the first time to reveal the interactions between 1,25(OH)2D3, DDIT4 and macro-autophagy in psoriasis vulgaris. DDIT4 is also probably a potential therapeutic target in future psoriatic treatments.
Authentication of Differential Gene Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma using Machine Learning Applications
Authors: Pratama Rian , Hwang Jae Joon , Lee Ji Hye , Song Giltae , Park Hae Ryoun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Recently, the possibility of tumour classification based on genetic data has been investigated. However, genetic datasets are difficult to handle because of their massive size and complexity of manipulation. In the present study, we examined the diagnostic performance of machine learning applications using imaging-based classifications of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) gene sets.Methods: RNA sequencing data from SCC tissues from various sites, including oral, non-oral head and neck, oesophageal, and cervical regions, were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The feature genes were extracted through a convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning, and the performance of each analysis was compared.Results: The ability of the machine learning analysis to classify OSCC tumours was excellent. However, the tool exhibited poorer performance in discriminating histopathologically dissimilar cancers derived from the same type of tissue than in differentiating cancers of the same histopathologic type with different tissue origins, revealing that the differential gene expression pattern is a more important factor than the histopathologic features for differentiating cancer types.Conclusion: The CNN-based diagnostic model and the visualisation methods using RNA sequencing data were useful for correctly categorising OSCC. The analysis showed differentially expressed genes in multiwise comparisons of various types of SCCs, such as KCNA10, FOSL2, and PRDM16, and extracted leader genes from pairwise comparisons were FGF20, DLC1, and ZNF705D.
A Neoclerodane Orthoester and Other New Neoclerodane Diterpenoids From Teucrium Yemense, Which Stimulate the Secretion of Insulin From Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Nur-e-Alam Mohammad , Parveen Ifat , Wilkinson Barrie , Ahmed Sarfaraz , Hafizur Rahman , Bari Ahmed , Woodman Timothy , Threadgill Michael , Al-Rehaily Adnan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Teucrium yemense, a medicinal plant commonly grown in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, is traditionally used to treat infections, kidney diseases, rheumatism, and diabetes. Extraction of the dried aerial parts of the plant with methanol, followed by further extraction with butanol and chromatography, gave twenty novel neoclerodanes. Their structures, relative configurations and some conformations were determined by MS and 1-D and 2-D NMR techniques. Most were fairly conventional but one contained an unusual stable orthoester, one had its (C-16)-(C-13)-(C-14)-(C-15) (tetrahydro)furan unit present as a succinic anhydride and one had a rearranged carbon skeleton resulting from ring-contraction to give a central octahydroindene bicyclic core, rather than the usual decalin. Mechanisms are proposed for the biosynthetic formation of the orthoester and for the ring-contraction. Four novel neoclerodanes increased the glucose-triggered release of insulin from isolated murine pancreatic islets by more than the standard drug tolbutamide, showing that they are potential leads for the development of new anti-diabetic drugs.
Numerical Simulation of the Stent Expansion Process based on the Hemodynamic Characteristics of Bidirectional Fluid-structure Coupling
Authors: Bai Siyu , Li Hong , Li Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hitherto, research on the fluid-structure coupling of coronary stents has mostly considered the state after stent expansion following implantation. However, the factors and how they affect stent expansion are as yet, unclear. To further investigate stent expansion, this paper proposes a model combining balloon, stent, and blood using Solidworks. Thereafter, a co-simulation using ANSYS Workbench is implemented using the methods of finite element and finite volume, to analyze bidirectional fluid-structure coupling during the expansion of a balloon-expandable stent, for periodically varying blood loads. By comparing the blood flow rate in the vessel, pressure on the endovascular wall, and the pressure and stress on the stent system at different points in time, it can be seen that the higher the blood flow rate, the greater the pressure on the endovascular wall and stent system. Furthermore, the larger the volume of the implant, the greater the maximum blood flow rate and maximum pressure on the endovascular wall, and the more drastic the change along the axis. In summary, the results of the present study indicate that the stent expansion process has a significant effect on the blood flow rate and pressure on the vascular wall; however, the impact of blood load on stent stress can be ignored.
Potential of Different Fluoride Gels to Prevent Erosive Tooth wear caused by Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Körner Philipp , Georgis Luca , Wiedemeier Daniel , Attin Thomas , Wegehaupt Florian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear.Methods: Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens (randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)) were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 hours by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 hours (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels (Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)) in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results: The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm) showed the best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion, though G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) revealed almost equal and statistically not different results. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047).Conclusions: After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.