bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially gifted, academically inconvenienced: Spatially talented students experience less academic engagement and more behavioural issues than other talented students
Authors: Lakin Joni M. , Wai Jonathan 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundSpatially talented students have a capacity for success that is too often overlooked by educational services. Because these students may lack appropriate challenge, theorists suggest these students experience greater academic struggles than other gifted students, including behavioural problems and lack of academic engagement.AimsThe goal of this research was to explore empirical evidence for the claim that spatially talented students would experience more academic struggles than other gifted students. We sought to understand the size of the ‘spatially talented’ population and their patterns of behavioural and academic struggles in high school. We also looked at long‐term outcomes, including degree completion.SamplesThis article explores characteristics of spatial talent in three US nationally representative data sets: Project Talent (1960), High School and Beyond (1980), and the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (1997). Combined, these data provide a 60‐year longitudinal study of student outcomes.MethodsThis study utilized factor analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression methods to explore the research questions for each data set.Results and ConclusionsFrom our analyses, we estimate that 4–6% (at least 2 million) of the 56.6 million students in the US K‐12 system are spatially talented students that are not identified by common gifted and talented screening processes. These students had greater academic challenges, including reading difficulties, poor study habits, and behavioural troubles. We also found that spatially talented students were less likely to complete college degrees compared to other talented students. Our findings support the need for greater services to these talented students.
‘When the walls come tumbling down’: The role of intergroup proximity, threat, and contact in shaping attitudes towards the removal of Northern Ireland’s peace walls
Authors: Dixon John , Tredoux Colin , Sturgeon Brendan , Hocking Bree , Davies Gemma , Huck Jonny , Whyatt Duncan , Jarman Neil , Bryan Dominic 
Published: February 2020

Institutional structures of segregation typically entrench social inequality and sustain wider patterns of intergroup conflict and discrimination. However, initiatives to dismantle such structures may provoke resistance. Executive proposals to dismantle Northern Ireland’s peace walls by 2023 provide a compelling case study of the nature of such resistance and may thus provide important clues about how it might be overcome. Drawing on a field survey conducted in north Belfast (n = 488), this research explored the role of physical proximity, realistic and symbolic threat, and past experiences of positive and negative cross‐community contact on Catholic and Protestant residents’ support for removing the walls. Structural equation modelling suggested that both forms of contact and proximity were significantly related to such support and that these relationships were partially mediated by realistic threat. It also suggested that positive contact moderated the effects of proximity. That is, for residents who had more frequent positive interactions with members of the other community, proximity to a peace wall had a weaker relationship with resistance to their removal than residents who had less frequent contact.
Digital Financial Inclusion and Consumption Smoothing in China
Authors: Lai Jennifer T. , Yan Isabel K. M. , Yi Xingjian , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the effect of digital financial inclusion (DFI) on household consumption smoothing in China. We use four waves of the biennial China Family Panel Studies from 2010 to 2016, during which time DFI has significantly developed alongside financial technology across China. We split household income shocks into permanent and transitory components, and evaluate if DFI may help households to buffer against these shocks. We find that households are not able to insure against permanent shocks to income, but they can smooth approximately 70 percent of transitory shocks to income. We also find that DFI has diminished households’ ability to insure against transitory income shocks. This is partly because online purchase may lead to the oversensitivity of consumption to income. In addition, we find that contrary to DFI, traditional financial sector development contributes to better household consumption smoothing against transitory income shocks.
Artificial intelligence‐based detection of pharyngeal cancer using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tamashiro Atsuko , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Hijikata Kazunori , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Seto Akira , Sasaki Toru , Fujisaki Junko , Tada Tomohiro 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe prognosis for pharyngeal cancer is relatively poor. It is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage. Although the recent development of narrow‐band imaging (NBI) and increased awareness among endoscopists have enabled detection of superficial pharyngeal cancer, these techniques are still not prevalent worldwide. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence (AI)‐based deep learning has led to significant advancements in various medical fields. Here, we demonstrate the diagnostic ability of AI‐based detection of pharyngeal cancer from endoscopic images in esophagogastroduodenoscopy.MethodsWe retrospectively collected 5403 training images of pharyngeal cancer from 202 superficial cancers and 45 advanced cancers from the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Using these images, we developed an AI‐based diagnostic system with convolutional neural networks. We prepared 1912 validation images from 35 patients with 40 pharyngeal cancers and 40 patients without pharyngeal cancer to evaluate our system.ResultsOur AI‐based diagnostic system correctly detected all pharyngeal cancer lesions (40/40) in the patients with cancer, including three small lesions smaller than 10 mm. For each image, the AI‐based system correctly detected pharyngeal cancers in images obtained via NBI with a sensitivity of 85.6%, much higher sensitivity than that for images obtained via white light imaging (70.1%). The novel diagnostic system took only 28 s to analyze 1912 validation images.ConclusionsThe novel AI‐based diagnostic system detected pharyngeal cancer with high sensitivity. It could facilitate early detection, thereby leading to better prognosis and quality of life for patients with pharyngeal cancers in the near future.
Incidence and prognosis of crown discoloration in traumatized primary teeth: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Goettems Marília Leão , Thurow Luiza Beatriz , Noronha Thaís Gioda , da Silva Júnior Ivam Freire , Kramer Paulo Floriani , Feldens Carlos Alberto , da Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/AimKnowledge of factors influencing the occurrence of crown discoloration following traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth and understanding its possible consequences can help dentists to provide appropriate care. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the incidence of crown discoloration following trauma in primary teeth. This study also estimated the risk of pulp necrosis with subsequent infection of the root canal system and pulp canal obliteration in discolored teeth.Material and MethodsRecords of children treated at the specialized trauma center of the Federal University of Pelotas during a period of 10 years were analyzed. Patient details including the type of injury, presence of crown discoloration, pulp necrosis, and pulp canal obliteration were collected. Photographs of teeth with crown discoloration were assessed to evaluate the color presented (yellow or dark). Chi‐square tests and Poisson regression were used for data analyses (P < .05).ResultsA total of 355 children with 628 traumatized teeth were included in the study. The incidence of crown discoloration was 27.9%, and 20.5% of the teeth were affected. Discoloration was higher in children whose age at the time of trauma was 2‐4 years (P = .020), and it was associated with the type of injury (P = .019). Discolored teeth had a twofold risk of pulp necrosis and subsequent infection of the root canal system (RR 1.98 95% CI 1.42‐276; P < .001) and a higher risk of pulp canal obliteration (RR 8.47; 95% CI 4.95‐14.51; P < .001) than did teeth without discoloration. Teeth with dark and yellow discoloration were significantly associated with pulp necrosis and pulp canal obliteration, respectively (P < .001).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the importance of monitoring traumatized primary teeth with crown discoloration, particularly those appearing darker, owing to their higher risk of pulp necrosis and subsequent infection of the root canal system.
Integration in European coal markets, 1833–1913†
Authors: Murray John E. , Silvestre Javier 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article analyses coal market integration in Europe over the long nineteenth century. The market integration of coal, a key commodity associated with the industrial revolution, is an aspect of European economic history that has received little attention. The literature on the evolution of markets has concentrated on agricultural products, mostly cereals. This article examines intra‐ and international market integration in the principal coal‐producing countries, Britain, Germany, France, and Belgium; and adds three main consuming southern European countries to the analysis of the international market. It provides new evidence on prices, as well as trade, and uses a straightforward approach to address coal price behaviour. Despite shocks, clear trends toward integration in both domestic and international markets can be observed, even if by one of our measures the latter started at a later date. Processes of market integration, however, seemed to slow from the end of the nineteenth century. Explanations are offered as to the causes of the extent and timing of integrations: reductions, mainly, in transportation costs, but also in information costs, and, in the international market, protectionism. The influence of cartels, on the other hand, may have been limited, particularly in the international market.
First episode rapid early intervention for eating disorders (FREED): From research to routine clinical practice
Authors: Allen Karina L. , Mountford Victoria , Brown Amy , Richards Katie , Grant Nina , Austin Amelia , Glennon Danielle , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsEating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Early intervention can improve treatment outcomes and reduce disruption to psychosocial development. However, early intervention is not well established in the eating disorder field. First episode rapid early intervention for eating disorders (FREED) was developed to address barriers to early, effective eating disorder treatment in emerging adults aged 16 to 25 years. Since 2014, FREED has progressed from a single‐site research project to an evidence‐based care approach in nine eating disorder services. This paper aims to summarize key learning from the scaling of FREED to date, with attention to how this learning may generalizes to other models of care.MethodsWe describe the development, scaling and implementation of FREED with reference to the RE‐AIM (reach; effectiveness/efficacy; adoption; implementation; maintenance) framework. We also summarize challenges and learning in each of the RE‐AIM domains.ResultsFREED has demonstrated real‐world validity across diverse clinical contexts, geographical regions and populations. Key outcomes are seen for each of the RE‐AIM domains.ConclusionsFREED provides an example of effective, non‐commercial scaling of an early intervention eating disorder care pathway. This work is likely to be particularly relevant to others looking to scale‐up early intervention models and for those working in secondary and tertiary mental health settings.
A prospective case series of sphenopalatine ganglion pulsed radiofrequency therapy for refractory chronic cluster headache
Authors: Lazzari Z. T. , Palmisani S. , Hill B. , Al‐Kaisy A. , Lambru G. 
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeThe management options for chronic cluster headache (CCH) are limited and a significant proportion of patients become refractory to pharmacological treatments. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) may present an efficacious, minimally invasive treatment modality for patients with refractory CCH. We describe the clinical outcomes of 14 patients with refractory CCH treated with PRF of the SPG.MethodsPatients with medically refractory CCH who underwent percutaneous SPG‐PRF treatment between January 2016 and April 2019 were included in this report. Patients obtaining at least 30% reduction in weekly cluster attacks for at least 3 months were defined as responders. Treatment‐related side effects were collected.ResultsA total of 14 patients were included in this report (nine males). At a median follow‐up of 6.5 (range 6–13) months post‐procedure, eight patients (57.1%) were defined as responders to the treatment. Six patients were non‐responders and reported either a reduction in frequency and severity of attacks for <3 months (2/6), no improvement (2/6) or temporary worsening of symptoms (1/6). The majority of patients (63.6%, n = 7/11) treated with >45 V were responders compared with responders treated with 45 V (33.3%, n = 1/3). Five patients (35.7%) experienced post‐procedural side effects.ConclusionThis case series suggests that PRF targeting the SPG might offer a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment for medically refractory CCH. Given the small number of cases and the short follow‐up, larger and more robust studies will be needed to confirm our findings.
Bioavailability and safety of diazepam intranasal solution compared to oral and rectal diazepam in healthy volunteers
Authors: Hogan R. Edward , Gidal Barry E. , Koplowitz Barry , Koplowitz Luana P. , Lowenthal Richard E. , Carrazana Enrique 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study assesses the bioavailability of diazepam after intranasal administration (diazepam nasal spray) in healthy volunteers. Comparative agents were diazepam rectal gel, which served as the regulatory reference product; and oral diazepam, a product with decades of clinical use. Tolerability of diazepam nasal spray was also assessed.MethodsThis was a phase 1, open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, three‐treatment, three‐period, six‐sequence crossover study in 48 healthy adult subjects that consisted of a screening period, a baseline period, and an open‐label treatment period. Interperiod intervals were at least 28 days.ResultsForty‐eight healthy volunteer subjects were enrolled, two of whom discontinued before receiving study medication. For all routes of administration, the onset of diazepam absorption was rapid, with measurable concentrations of drug present by the first sample time point. The tmax (time to reach maximum plasma concentration) was similar for diazepam nasal spray and diazepam rectal gel, both of which were slower than oral diazepam in fasted individuals. Variability (as defined by % coefficient of variation of geometric mean) in peak plasma concentration and area under the curve0‐∞ was lowest with oral diazepam, followed by diazepam nasal spray, with diazepam rectal gel showing the greatest variability. Overall, 131 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were considered mild (42 subjects, 91.3%), four TEAEs were considered moderate (four subjects, 8.3%), and no TEAEs were considered severe. The most commonly reported TEAE was somnolence at 56.5% (26/46) during diazepam nasal spray treatment, 89.1% (41/46) with the rectal diazepam gel treatment, and 82.6% (38/46) with oral diazepam treatment. No nasal irritation was observed for the majority of the subjects at any time point after administration, with no score higher than 2 (“minor bleeding that stops within 1 minute”).SignificanceDiazepam nasal spray shows predicable pharmacokinetics and represents a potential novel therapeutic approach to control bouts of increased seizure activity (cluster seizures, acute repetitive seizures).
Couple Adjustment and Differentiation of Self in the United States, Italy, and Spain: A Cross‐Cultural Study
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Martiño , Lampis Jessica , Murdock Nancy L. , Schweer‐Collins Maria L. , Lyons Emma R. 
Published: February 2020

This study comprises a first attempt to explore a cross‐cultural application of Bowen family systems theory and examines the relationship between differentiation of self and couple adjustment using measurement invariance. A sample of 2,141 individuals (n = 915 from the United States; n = 635 from Italy; n = 591 from Spain) completed measures of differentiation of self (DSI‐R; Skowron & Schmitt, J Marital Fam Ther, 29, 2003, 209) and couple adjustment (DAS; Spanier, J Marriage Fam, 38, 1976, 15). Results showed evidence of partial measurement equivalence for the DSI‐R across the three samples. Additionally, results from latent regression showed that less emotional cutoff predicted greater couple adjustment in the United States, Spain, and Italy, whereas greater emotional reactivity predicted poorer couple adjustment only in the more collectivistic cultures, Spain and Italy. Our findings are consistent with prior empirical studies, which suggest that emotional cutoff is a strong predictor of relationship adjustment. The use of measurement invariance provides a foundation for future studies to continue employing rigorous statistical methods when examining constructs across different cultures. The findings highlight culture‐specific similarities and differences in differentiation that may benefit practitioners by informing psychotherapy with individuals, couples, or families from diverse populations.
Wide‐range and accurate mixed‐mode weight functions and stress intensity factors for cracked discs
Authors: Xu Wu , Rao Danyu , Wu Xueren , Tong Dihua , Zhao Xiaochen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Wu‐Carlsson displacement‐based weight function method is extended to obtain the mode I and mode II weight functions for the edge‐ and centre‐cracked discs. Compared with Fett's direct adjustment weight functions for the edge‐cracked discs, the present weight functions are more accurate and are applicable for a wider range of crack lengths. Using the present weight functions, extensive and highly accurate mixed‐mode stress intensity factors are obtained for the cracked discs subjected to diametrically compressive forces. Assuming perfect contact and using Coulomb friction law and the present weight functions, the mode II stress intensity factors for the cracked discs with consideration of friction are obtained and widely compared with the corresponding results from finite element analyses.
Construction of a high‐density genetic linkage map and identification of QTLs for main agronomic traits of tetraploid hybrid crested wheatgrass
Authors: Yu Xiaoxia , Ma Yanhong , Jiang Zhiyan , Shi Yue , Yang Dongsheng , Yu Zhuo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe composition and structure of the crested wheatgrass genome are still poorly understood. In the present study, using 347 F2 individuals from the chromosome doubling of intra‐specific hybrids F1 plants by a cross of diploid Agropyron mongplicum × Agropyron cristatum as mapping population, an effort was made to construct a high‐density genetic linkage map based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and identify quantitative trait locus (QTLs) for main agronomic traits of tetraploid hybrid crested wheatgrass. The map contained 766 markers, which were ordered in 14 linkage groups, and covered a total of 2,574.3 cM with an average distance of 3.82 cM between adjacent markers. It is the genetic linkage map with the largest number of molecular markers of the crested wheatgrass and the first map for tetraploid crested wheatgrass. A total of 136 QTLs were identified for 11 traits, of which 45 were major QTLs. A total of 23 QTLs co‐localized with 14 AFLP markers and nine SSR markers, respectively, and showed a great potential for marker‐assisted selection in improving these traits. A total of 30 QTLs showed pleiotropism, and the consensus QTLs were further integrated into seven pleiotropic unique QTLs. The significant co‐localization of QTLs was consistent with the significant phenotypic correlations among these traits. The results lay a foundation for map‐based cloning, functional analysis and designing molecular breeding of favorable genes in crested wheatgrass of further study.
Human THO maintains the stability of repetitive DNA
Authors: Katahira Jun , Senokuchi Kohei , Hieda Miki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex THO/TREX is required for pre‐mRNA processing, mRNA export and the maintenance of genome stability. In this study, we analyzed the genome‐wide distribution of human THOC7, a component of human THO, by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. The analysis revealed that human THOC7 occupies repetitive sequences, which include microsatellite repeats in genic and intergenic regions and telomeric repeats. The majority of the THOC7 ChIP peaks overlapped with those of the elongating form of RNA polymerase II and R‐loops, indicating that THOC7 accumulates in transcriptionally active repeat regions. Knocking down THOC5, an RNA‐binding component of human THO, by siRNA induced the accumulation of γH2AX in the repeat regions. We also observed an aberration in the telomeres in the THOC5‐depleted condition. These results suggest that human THO restrains the transcription‐associated instability of repeat regions in the human genome.
Video feedback: A novel application to enhance person‐centred dementia communication
Authors: O'Rourke Deanne J. , Lobchuk Michelle M. , Thompson Genevieve N. , Lengyel Christina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimA discussion of the use of video feedback as an effective and feasible method to promote person‐centred communication approaches within dementia care and long‐term care.BackgroundEffective strategies to integrate person‐centred approaches into health care settings have attracted global attention and research in the past two decades. Video feedback has emerged as technique to enhance reflective learning and person‐centred practice change in some care settings; however, it has not been tested in the context of person‐centred dementia communication in long‐term care.DesignDiscussion paper.Data SourcesArticles dating from 1995 to 2018 retrieved via searches of the SCOPUS, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Cochrane Systematic Review databases.Implications for NursingInclusion of video feedback in a person‐centred dementia communication intervention for nurses and other health care providers may effectively fill a gap evident in the literature. This intervention can offer feedback of enhanced quality and enduring impact on behaviour change relative to traditional training.ConclusionA critical review of empirical and theoretical evidence supports video feedback as a potential means to enhance person‐centred communication within the context of dementia and long‐term care. The promising benefits of video feedback present a novel research opportunity to pilot its use to enhance person‐centred communication between nurses/health care providers and persons with dementia in long‐term care.