bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C−N Coupling Reactions on Graphene with Aromatic Macromolecules and the Spatial Conformation of Grafted Macromolecules
Authors: Meng Chenbo , Li Xinkai , Zhang Bingjie , Dai Yu , Cheng Zheng , Luo Longbo , Chen Yue , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe fabrication of advanced graphene‐based nanocomposites with high‐performance polymers requires covalent modification of graphene with aromatic macromolecules. Herein, C−N coupling reactions between fluorinated graphene (FG) and aromatic polyamides containing the benzimidazole moiety are successfully achieved. The optimized conditions are presented based on the nucleophilic behavior of the C−N coupling reaction on graphene. Different from the C−N coupling reaction between two small aromatic molecules, the conformation of grafted aromatic polyamide after reaction changes from torsional to paralleled alignment on graphene with the molecular length increment. Non‐covalent interactions between graphene and aromatic polyamides result in this conformational change owing to the extended π systems of graphene and aromatic polyamides, and the synergistic effect of covalent and non‐covalent interactions is put forward. As a consequence, graphene dispersibility is greatly enhanced in the solution of aromatic polyamide.
Highly Efficient Photoreduction of Low‐Concentration CO2to Syngas by Using a Polyoxometalates/RuIIComposite
Authors: Xu Hui , You Siqi , Lang Zhongling , Sun Yue , Sun Chunyi , Zhou Jie , Wang Xinlong , Kang Zhenhui , Su Zhongmin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAt present, the fixation of CO2always requires it to be extracted from the atmosphere first, which leads to more energy consumption. Thus, direct photoreduction of low‐concentration CO2to useful chemicals (e.g., syngas) under sunlight is significant from an energy‐saving and environmentally friendly perspective. Here, the design and fabrication of a [Ru(bpy)3]/[Co20Mo16P24] composite is demonstrated for visible‐light‐driven syngas production from diluted CO2(3–20 %) gas with a high yield of approximately 1000 TONs (turnover number of syngas). This activity is an order of magnitude higher than the reported system with [Ru(bpy)3]2+participation. With evidence from ultrafast transient absorption, GC‐MS,1H NMR spectroscopy and in situ transient photovoltage tests, a clear and fundamental understanding of the highly efficient photoreduction of CO2by the [Ru(bpy)3]/[Co20Mo16P24] composite is achieved. Making use of the structure and property designable polyoxometalates towards the photo‐fixation of CO2is a conceptually distinct and commercially interesting strategy for making useful chemicals and environmental protection.
Dehydroxylative Trifluoromethylthiolation, Trifluoromethylation, and Difluoromethylation of Alcohols
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lin Jin‐Hong , Wu Wenfeng , Cao Yu‐Cai , Xiao Ji‐Chang 
Published: December 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionCF3S, CF3 and HCF2 groups have been identified as valuable functionalities for drug development. Despite significant accomplishments in the trifluoromethylthiolation, trifluoromethylation and difluoromethylation reactions, directly converting common functional groups into CF3S, CF3 or HCF2 groups is still highly desirable. Described here is the dehydroxylative trifluoromethylthiolation, trifluoromethylation and difluoromethylation of alcohols promoted by a R3P/ICH2CH2I system. All of these dehydroxylative reactions were achieved under mild conditions via the activation of the hydroxyl group by the R3P/ICH2CH2I system. A wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance were observed.
Structural plasticity of GABAergic and glutamatergic networks in the motor thalamus of parkinsonian monkeys
Authors: Swain Ashley J. , Galvan Adriana , Wichmann Thomas , Smith Yoland 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the primate thalamus, the parvocellular ventral anterior nucleus (VApc) and the centromedian nucleus (CM) receive GABAergic projections from the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and glutamatergic inputs from motor cortices. In this study, we used electron microscopy to assess potential structural changes in GABAergic and glutamatergic microcircuits in the VApc and CM of MPTP‐treated parkinsonian monkeys. The intensity of immunostaining for GABAergic markers in VApc and CM did not differ between control and parkinsonian monkeys. In the electron microscope, three major types of terminals were identified in both nuclei: (a) vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (vGluT1)‐positive terminals forming asymmetric synapses (type As), which originate from the cerebral cortex, (b) GABAergic terminals forming single symmetric synapses (type S1), which likely arise from the reticular nucleus and GABAergic interneurons, and (c) GABAergic terminals forming multiple symmetric synapses (type S2), which originate from GPi. The density of As terminals outnumbered that of S1 and S2 terminals in VApc and CM of control and parkinsonian animals. No significant change was found in the abundance and synaptic connectivity of S1 and S2 terminals in VApc or CM of MPTP‐treated monkeys, while the prevalence of “As” terminals in VApc of parkinsonian monkeys was 51.4% lower than in controls. The cross‐sectional area of vGluT1‐positive boutons in both VApc and CM of parkinsonian monkeys was significantly larger than in controls, but their pattern of innervation of thalamic cells was not altered. Our findings suggest that the corticothalamic system undergoes significant synaptic remodeling in the parkinsonian state.
Implant stability in patients treated with platelet‐rich fibrin and bovine bone substitute for alveolar ridge preservation is associated with peripheral blood cells and coagulation factors
Authors: Brouwers Joost E.I.G. , van der Vorm Lisa N. , Buis Sharon , Haumann Rianne , Karanzai Avesta , Konings Joke , de Groot Philip G. , de Laat Bas , Remijn Jasper A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of the present study was to assess the association between dental implant stability and peripheral blood cell composition and levels of coagulation factors in patients treated with alveolar ridge preservation with platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) and bovine bone substitute.Materials and methodsFifty patients were included between 2015 and 2017. PRF was prepared from autologous blood, in which blood cells and coagulation factor levels were measured. PRF and bovine bone were placed in the socket, followed by closure with PRF membrane. Implants were placed 14 (±2.5) weeks postextraction. The implant stability quotient was measured at t = 0, t = 10 days, t = 7 weeks, and t = 17 weeks by resonance frequency analysis.ResultsErythrocyte count was inversely associated with PRF membrane length, but not with implant stability. Conversely, platelet count did not correlate with membrane size but inversely correlated with implant stability at 7 and 17 weeks. In addition, implant stability was directly correlated with levels FXIII (t = 0, p < .01), active von Willebrand factor (VWF; t = 0 and 7 weeks, p < .05), and total VWF (t = 7 weeks, p = .012).ConclusionImplant stability following alveolar ridge preservation with PRF and bovine bone substitute is associated with circulating blood cells and coagulation factors. In particular, fibrin structure, VWF, and FXIII may be important modulators of implant stability.
Precise Quantitative Analysis of Cell Targeting by Particle‐Based Agents Using Imaging Flow Cytometry and Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Mochalova Elizaveta N. , Kotov Ivan A. , Rozenberg Julian M. , Nikitin Maxim P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the intricacies of particle–cell interactions is essential for many applications such as imaging, phototherapy, and drug/gene delivery, because it is the key to accurate control of the particle properties for the improvement of their therapeutic and diagnostic efficiency. Recently, high‐throughput methods have emerged for the detailed investigation of these interactions. For example, imaging flow cytometry (IFC) collects up to 60,000 images of cells per second (in 12 optical channels) and provides information about morphology and organelle localization in combination with fluorescence and side scatter intensity data. However, analysis of IFC data is extremely difficult to perform using conventional methods that calculate integral parameters or use mask‐based object recognition. Here, we show application of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for precise quantitative analysis of particle targeting of cells using IFC data. CNN provides high‐throughput object detection with almost human precision but avoids the subjective choice of image processing parameters that often leads to incorrect data interpretation. The method allows accurate counting of cell‐bound particles with reliable discrimination from the nonbound particles in the field of view. The proposed method expands capabilities of spot counting applications (such as organelle counting, quantification of cell–cell and cell–bacteria interactions) and is going to be useful not only for high‐throughput analysis of IFC data but also for other imaging techniques. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Pheromones can cull an invasive amphibian without releasing survivors from intraspecific competition
Authors: McCann S. , Crossland M. R. , Shine R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAttempts to cull an invasive species often create a paradoxical situation, whereby the consequent reduction in invader densities frees the survivors from intraspecific competition—and hence, increases the viability of those survivors. Our laboratory experiments with invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) show that this backfire effect can occur with pheromone‐baited trapping. Eliminating most of the tadpoles from a tank accelerates metamorphosis of the survivors and increases the size (and thus quality) of those metamorphs. Thus, trapping is likely to reduce recruitment only if the program catches all, or almost all, of the tadpoles in a waterbody. In contrast, toad control using the suppression pheromone, either alone or alongside trapping, causes similar rates of mortality as via trapping alone, but the survivors exhibit smaller mass at metamorphosis and a longer, not shorter, larval period. Thus, the combination of pheromone‐based suppression and trapping can reduce effective recruitment of cane toads more successfully than can either method when used alone.
Intraday time‐series momentum: Evidence from China
Authors: Jin Muzhao , Kearney Fearghal , Li Youwei , Yang Yung Chiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study conducts an investigation of intraday time‐series momentum across four Chinese commodity futures contracts: copper, steel, soybean, and soybean meal. Our results indicate that the first half‐hour return positively predicts the last half‐hour return across all four futures. Furthermore, in metals markets, we find that first trading sessions with high volume or volatility are associated with the strongest intraday time‐series momentum dynamics. Based on this, we propose an intraday momentum informed trading strategy that earns a return in excess of standard always long and buy‐and‐hold benchmarks.
3D‐engineered GelMA conduit filled with ECM promotes regeneration of peripheral nerve
Authors: Gong Hui , Fei Haosheng , Xu Qifan , Gou Maling , Chen Harry H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAutologous transplantation remains the golden standard for peripheral nerve repair. However, many drawbacks, such as the risk of reoperation or nerve injury remain associated with this method. To date, commercially available artificial nerve conduits comprise hollow tubes. By providing physical guiding and biological cues, tissue engineered conduits are promising for bridging peripheral nerve defects. The present study focuses on the preparation of artificial composite nerve conduits by 3D bio‐printing. 3D‐printed molds with a tubular cavity were filled with an Engelbreth‐Holm‐Swarm (EHS) Hydrogel mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM) basement membrane. Chemically cross‐linked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was used to form the conduit backbone, while EHS Hydrogels improved nerve fiber growth while shortening repair time. Statistical significant difference had been found between the blank conduit and the composite conduit group on compound muscle action potential after 4 months. On the other hand, results between the composite conduit group and the autograft group were of no statistical differences. All results above showed that the composite conduit filled with EHS Hydrogel can promote the repair of peripheral nerve and may become a promising way to treat peripheral nerve defects.
Synthesis of a novel bifunctional oxyammonium‐based ionic liquid: Application for the synthesis of pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrans and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans
Authors: Zarei Azra , Yarie Meysam , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Niknam Khodabakhsh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the present investigation, a novel bifunctional oxyammonium‐based ionic liquid, namely, 2,2′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylbis[oxy])bis(ethan‐1‐aminium)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroacetate, was designed and synthesized. The structure of the titled ionic liquid was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR), fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (19FNMR), homonuclear COSY nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis, X‐ray diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The described ionic liquid demonstrated robust catalytic performance in the synthesis of pyrano[4,3‐b]pyrans and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. The ionic liquid presents a high potential of recycling and reusing capability in both types of model reactions.
Liver disease referrals to an urban, hospital‐based hepatology outpatient clinic over the past 25 years
Authors: Grubert Van Iderstine Micah , Iluz‐Freundlich Daniel , Dolovich Casandra , Villarin Eurielle , Minuk Gerald Y 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundAdditional hepatologists are required to manage the rapidly increasing number of patients with liver disease. One disincentive to trainees considering a career in hepatology is the longstanding perception that outpatient hepatology consists largely of managing patients with alcohol‐induced liver disease (ALD).ObjectivesTo document the types of liver diseases and changes in liver disease referrals to an urban outpatient liver disease clinic over the past 25 years.MethodsThe nature of the liver disorder, age, gender, and socioeconomic status of patients referred to an urban, hospital‐based, liver diseases outpatient program were documented from 1992 to 2017. Joinpoint analysis was performed to identify significant trends in referral prevalence rates of various disorders.ResultsIn 1992/1993, hepatitis C virus (HCV), followed by hepatitis B virus (HBV), “other”, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) were the most common underlying liver diseases in referred patients (39, 36, 12, 4.5, and 3.5% respectively), whereas in 2016/2017, NAFLD, HBV, HCV, “other,” and ALD were most common (60, 15, 12, 8.7, and 3.3%, respectively). Aside from NAFLD referrals, which consistently increased over the 25‐year period, the prevalence of all other liver disease referrals fluctuated but generally declined. Recently referred patients were significantly older (38 ± 13 years in 1992/1993 and 49 ± 15 years in 2016/2017, P < 0.0001), while gender and socioeconomic status have not changed.ConclusionsHepatology is a diverse, dynamic subspecialty where ALD continues to constitute less than 5% of all patient referrals.
Multiparametric MRI‐Based Radiomics for Prostate Cancer Screening With PSA in 4–10 ng/mL to Reduce Unnecessary Biopsies
Authors: Qi Yafei , Zhang Shuaitong , Wei Jingwei , Zhang Gumuyang , Lei Jing , Yan Weigang , Xiao Yu , Yan Shuang , Xue Huadan , Feng Feng , Sun Hao , Tian Jie , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundWhether men with a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of 4–10 ng/mL should be recommended for a biopsy is clinically challenging.PurposeTo develop and validate a radiomics model based on multiparametric MRI (mp‐MRI) in patients with PSA levels of 4–10 ng/mL to predict prostate cancer (PCa) preoperatively and reduce unnecessary biopsies.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 199 patients with PSA levels of 4–10 ng/mL.Field Strength/Sequence3T, T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI.AssessmentLesion regions of interest (ROIs) from T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI were annotated by two radiologists. A total of 2104 radiomic features were extracted from the ROI of each patient. A random forest classifier was used to build the radiomics model for PCa in the primary cohort. A combined model was constructed using multivariate logistic regression by incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical‐radiological risk factors.Statistical TestsFor continuous variables, variance equality was assessed by Levene's test and Student's t‐test, and Welch's t‐test was used to assess between‐group differences. For categorical variables, Pearson's chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, or the approximate chi‐square test was used to assess between‐group differences. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe combined model incorporating the multi‐imaging fusion model, age, PSA density (PSAD), and the PI‐RADS v2 score yielded area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.956 and 0.933 on the primary (n = 133) and validation (n = 66) cohorts, respectively. Compared with the clinical‐radiological model, the combined model performed better on both the primary and validation cohorts (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the use of the combined model to predict PCa could identify more negative PCa patients than the use of the clinical‐radiological model by 18.4%.Data ConclusionThe combined model was developed and validated to provide potential preoperative prediction of PCa in men with PSA levels of 4–10 ng/mL and might aid in treatment decision‐making and reduce unnecessary biopsies.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1890–1899.
Changes in flavonoid and carotenoid profiles alter volatile organic compounds in purple and orange cherry tomatoes obtained by allele introgression
Authors: da Silva Souza Mayara A , Peres Lázaro EP , Freschi Jonata R , Purgatto Eduardo , Lajolo Franco M , Hassimotto Neuza MA 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTomatoes are an important source of human health‐promoting compounds, and efforts have been made to enhance their nutritional quality through conventional plant breeding or biotechnology. This study assessed the composition of volatile compounds, phenolics and carotenoids in two allele‐introgressed tomato lines, an anthocyanin‐rich purple tomato and a β‐carotene‐rich orange tomato, as well as a red tomato.RESULTSThe purple tomato peel accumulated a high amount of anthocyanins, mainly petunidin 3‐(p‐coumaroyl)‐rutinoside‐5‐glucoside, responsible for the purple color, and other flavonoids such as rutin and kaempferol. The orange tomato did not undergo changes in the flavonoid profile but accumulated a high amount of β‐carotene, with impairment on lycopene. A total of 27 volatile compounds were detected in purple tomato, 38 in orange tomato and 39 in red tomato. They comprise terpenes, carbonyls, alcohols, esters and hydrocarbons. The difference in the volatile compound profiles of ripe fruits can be related to differences in some precursor contents in the introgression lines. Orange tomato accumulates volatiles from β‐carotene cleavage, not detected in the red fruits. Otherwise, volatiles from lycopene were absent in orange tomato as a result of the inhibition on lycopene accumulation. Phenolic volatiles were higher in the purple tomato, which has the highest total phenolic content.CONCLUSIONThe introgessed alleles seem to have a positive effect on the enrichment of ripe tomato in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins and β‐carotene, improving nutritional quality. However, the allele introgression resulted in marked changes in volatile compound profiles, whose impact on tomato flavor and consumer acceptability needs to be evaluated. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Pure Laparoscopic Versus Open Left Hepatectomy Including the Middle Hepatic Vein for Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Hong Suk Kyun , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Kim Kyung Ae , Lee Jeong‐Moo , Cho Jae‐Hyung , Yi Nam‐Joon , Lee Kwang‐Woong 
Published: December 2019

Pure laparoscopic donor hepatectomy (PLDH) has become increasingly accepted in the era of minimally invasive surgeries. However, the outcomes of pure laparoscopic donor left hepatectomy (PLDLH) are relatively less known than for left lateral sectionectomy or right hepatectomy. This study aimed to report our experience with and the outcomes of PLDLH including the middle hepatic vein (MHV) and to compare these outcomes with conventional donor left hepatectomy (CDLH). The medical records of living liver donors between January 2010 and January 2018 at Seoul National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Donors who underwent left hepatectomy including the MHV were included. To minimize selection bias, donors who underwent CDLH after the initiation of the PLDH program were excluded. Finally, there were 18 donors who underwent CDLH and 8 who underwent PLDLH. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) warm ischemia time (11 [10‐16] minutes versus 4 [2‐7] minutes; P = 0.001) was longer in the PLDLH group than the CDLH group. The total operation time (333 [281‐376] minutes versus 265 [255‐308] minutes; P = 0.09) and time to remove the liver (245 [196‐276] minutes versus 182 [172‐205] minutes; P = 0.08) were also longer in PLDLH although not statistically significant. The length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the PLDLH group (7 [7‐8] days versus 9 [8‐10] days; P = 0.01). There were no postoperative complications in the PLDLH group. The rate of complications in recipients was similar in both groups. In conclusion, PLDLH including the MHV appears to be safe and feasible. Further analysis including longterm outcomes is needed.
Intrasexual female competition and female trust in gay male sales associates’ recommendations
Authors: Russell Eric M. , Bradshaw Hannah K. , Rosenbaum Mark S. , Hill Sarah E. , Russell‐Bennett Rebekah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThese studies draw on evolutionary psychology and intrasexual female competition to examine why female shoppers often prefer working with gay male (GM) sales associates over heterosexual female (HF) sales associates. Study 1 finds that female shoppers often attribute trustworthiness to GM sales associates. Study 2 draws on theories of intrasexual competition and shows that female shoppers are more likely to trust product recommendations from a GM sales associate than an HF sales associate when they feel a sense of competitiveness with the female associate. Study 3 reveals that female shoppers’ trust in GM sales associates is limited to situations in which they are intending to purchase products that are meant to enhance their physical appearance. Study 4 extends these findings by showing that women are more likely to trust GM sales associates (vs. HF sales associates) when the objective of their purchase is to attract a desirable mate. The findings suggest that retailers should hire a diverse workforce and consider the role of e‐commerce in helping some female shoppers avoid potentially uncomfortable situations.