bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a secreted superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Nocardia seriolae which induces apoptosis in fathead minnow (FHM) cells
Authors: Hou Suying , Wang Wenji , Chen Guoquan , Xia Liqun , Wang Zhiwen , Lu Yishan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFish nocardiosis is a chronic systemic granulomatous disease, and Nocardia seriolae is the main pathogen. The pathogenesis and virulence factors of N. seriolae are not fully understood. Secreted superoxide dismutase (SOD) may be a virulence factor found by a comparative bioinformatics analysis of the whole genome sequence of N. seriolae and the virulence factor database (VFDB). In order to determine the subcellular localization and study the preliminary function of SOD from N. seriolae (NsSOD), gene cloning, secreted protein identification, subcellular localization in fish cells, and apoptosis detection of NsSOD were carried out in this study. Subcellular localization research revealed that NsSOD‐GFP fusion proteins were evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, apoptotic bodies were observed in the transfected FHM cells by the overexpression of protein NsSOD. Then, assays of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) value, caspase‐3 activity and apoptosis‐related genes (Bax, Bid, Bad and Bcl‐2) mRNA expression were conducted. The results showed that ΔΨm was decreased, and caspase‐3 was significantly activated. The mRNA expression of the Bad gene showed significant up‐regulated expression at 24 h.p.t., while Bid and Bax genes showed significant up‐regulated expression at 72 and 96 h.p.t. and anti‐apoptotic gene (Bcl‐2) was down‐regulated in NsSOD overexpressed cells. Taken together, the results indicated that the protein NsSOD might be involved in apoptosis regulation. This study may lay the foundations for further studies on the function of NsSOD and promote the understanding of the virulence factors and the pathogenic mechanisms of N. seriolae.
A systematic analysis of the overall nutritional contribution of food loss and waste in tomatoes, spinach, and kidney beans as a function of processing
Authors: Boz Ziynet , Koelsch Sand Claire 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDeveloping more nutrient‐rich, sustainable food supply chains aligns with the co‐benefits of tackling malnutrition and minimizing food loss and waste. While food waste and nutrient loss as a function of food waste and processing have separately been a topic of much previous research, nutrient loss as a function of both processing and food waste from farm to fork has not been addressed. This critical analysis was motivated by the: challenge of nourishing a growing population, the economic impact of food waste, the societal costs of malnutrition, and the overall need to extend produce shelf life sustainably. Both food and nutrient loss and waste can occur simultaneously at various levels throughout the value chain as a function of different processing methods. Combined effects of food waste and nutrient availability/losses were determined through a systematic analysis of the available peer‐reviewed research data during thermal, nonthermal, and minimal processing for tomatoes, spinach, and kidney beans. The waste and loss datasets were derived from the USDA, the FAO, and the US EPA databases. This work presents a justification for more research to reduce nutrient loss and food waste to obtain a more sustainable supply of nutrients in the food industry.Practical ApplicationsThis analysis serves as a guide for food industry stakeholders concerned with nutrient retention as a result of processing and food waste in the food value chain. It also assesses the combined impact of processing and food waste on nutrient loss from farm to fork. Available nutrient retention data as a function of retort, microwave, high pressure, aseptic and fresh processing, and food waste were employed. To our knowledge, there has not been a study on food waste as a function of processing that considers nutrient retention and loss as a function of food waste within the entire value chain. A summary of specific research needs for a holistic view on nutrient retention affecting product, process, and package conditions through the value chain was presented.
The effect of a behavioural management tool in adults with mild to moderate periodontitis. A single‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Donos Nikolaos , Suvan Jeanie E. , Calciolari Elena , Nibali Luigi , Rollnick Stephen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare a behavioural management program (test) to a standard communication approach (control) to reduce plaque, improve clinical outcomes and patient's compliance with oral self‐care.BackgroundSince psychological factors affect oral health–related behaviours, approaches directed at changing behaviours and improving compliance might improve the effect of oral health education.Materials and MethodsThis was a randomized, single‐blind, parallel‐design trial involving 71 patients with mild to moderate periodontitis. During a run‐in period, all participants began using a power toothbrush. Two sessions of non‐surgical periodontal therapy were performed post‐baseline, along with one of the two oral healthcare communication approaches. Plaque and bleeding scores, probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at the screening visit, baseline visit and at 8 and 14 weeks post‐baseline. Patients were asked to fill in oral self‐care diaries. Experience questionnaires were administered to both clinicians and patients to assess subjective experience of the clinician‐patient interactions during the visits.ResultsIn both groups, a significant reduction in plaque and bleeding scores was observed from baseline to 8 weeks after baseline, which then remained stable at week 14, but no differences between the groups were noted. An improvement in CAL and PPD was recorded at week 8 post‐baseline in the test compared to the control group. No inter‐group differences in the clinician's and subject's experience questionnaires were observed.ConclusionBoth approaches significantly promoted periodontal health. However, changing lifestyle requires repeated communication/engagement over time and a behavioural management program based upon two visits did not provide additional benefit compared to a standard approach.
Impact of Electronic Device Usage Before Bedtime on Sleep and Attention in Adolescents
Authors: de Oliveira Maria Luiza Cruz , de Nogueira Holanda Francisco Wilson , Valdez Pablo , de Almondes Katie Moraes , de Azevedo Carolina Virgínia Macedo 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTExcessive usage of electronic devices delays bedtime and increases nighttime arousal, reducing sleep duration of adolescents in the morning shift. The impacts of media use before bedtime (MBB) on sleep patterns and components of morning attention were evaluated in 89 adolescents (15.8 ± 0.8 years) using sleep questionnaires and a continuous performance task. Multivariate multiple regression analysis was used to examine relationships of MBB, chronotype, and gender with sleep and attention. Smartphones were found to be the most frequently used device before bedtime. Attention components were found to be significantly associated with MBB, with a higher frequency of MBB predicting slower reaction times for tonic and phasic alertness and less stable performance of sustained attention. Media usage before bedtime was not significantly associated with patterns of sleep nor sleep quality. This study showed negative impacts of MBB on most components of morning attention, potentially leading to compromised learning in adolescents.
Remembering Rape in Heaven: A Constructive Proposal for Memory and the Eschatological Self
Authors: Tumminio Hansen Danielle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article offers a theological account of traumatic memory in order to assert that memories have a profound impact upon the eschatological self. It develops this argument first by drawing on resources from trauma theory and feminist philosophy to explain the nature and function of memory. It then explores what is at stake in theological constructions that advocate for the erasure of memory in the eschaton—such as the one advocated for by Miroslav Volf—suggesting that such proposals are theologically tenuous and also inflict injustice upon survivors of sexual trauma. In the final section, it explores Marilyn McCord Adams’s understanding of how God responds to horrendous evils in order to offer an alternative eschatological vision of the self.
Comparing oscillometric noninvasive and invasive intra‐arterial blood pressure monitoring in term neonates under general anesthesia: A retrospective study
Authors: Fujii Tasuku , Nishiwaki Kimitoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundOscillometric noninvasive blood pressure and/or invasive intra‐arterial blood pressure are commonly used to measure the systolic, diastolic, and mean components of blood pressure. Agreement between the two methods has been reported in adults, children, and infants, but rarely in neonates, especially under general anesthesia.AimsThis retrospective study compared the agreement of each measured blood pressure value (oscillometric noninvasive or invasive intra‐arterial blood pressure monitoring) in term neonates under general anesthesia.MethodsData were collected from neonates born at ≥36 weeks of gestation whose body weight was ≥2500 g and who underwent abdominal or noncardiac thoracic surgery with both oscillometric noninvasive and invasive intra‐arterial blood pressure measurements from January 2015 to March 2020. The primary outcome was the agreement of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values between the two methods using Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsPaired blood pressure measurements (n = 1193) from 67 cases were compared. In Bland‐Altman analysis, bias (standard deviation), 95% limits of agreement, and percentage error were −9.3 (8.4), −26.1‐7.6, and 26.9% for systolic; 1.6 (6.5), −11.3‐14.6, and 38.7% for diastolic; and −1.3 (5.8), −13.0‐10.3, and 26.9% for mean blood pressure, respectively. During low blood pressure (intra‐arterial mean blood pressure ≤30 mm Hg), the biases (standard deviation) of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure were −11.4 (5.7), −0.7 (3.7), and −5.1 (4.2), whereas during high blood pressure (intra‐arterial mean blood pressure ≥60 mm Hg), the values were 0.1 (9.7), 5.6 (9.4), and 6.4 (7.4), respectively.ConclusionsBased on the bias and percentage error, the mean blood pressure exhibited the most acceptable agreement between oscillometric noninvasive and invasive intra‐arterial blood pressure monitoring in term neonates under general anesthesia. However, during hypertension or hypotension, there was a large discrepancy between the two methods.
Increasing net immunosuppression after BK polyoma virus infection
Authors: Cotiguala Laura , Masood Ahmad , Park Jeong M. , Samaniego‐Picota Milagros D. , Kaul Daniel R. , Naik Abhijit S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundReducing immunosuppression can effectively treat BK viremia (BKV) and BK nephropathy, but has been associated with increased risks for acute rejection and development of donor‐specific antibodies (DSA). To date there have been no systematic evaluations of re‐escalating immunosuppression in transplant patients with resolving BKV. Importantly, the safety of this approach and impact on graft survival is unclear.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective review of kidney transplant recipients between July 2011 and June 2013 who had immunosuppression reduction after developing BKV (plasma PCR ≥ 1000 copies/ml). Changes in immunosuppression and patient outcomes were tracked until occurrence of a complication event: biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR), detection of de novo DSA, or recurrent BKV. Patients were grouped according to whether or not net immunosuppression was eventually increased.ResultsOut of 88 patients with BKV, 44 (50%) had net immunosuppression increased while the other 44 did not. Duration of viremia, peak viremia, induction, and sensitization status were similar between the two groups. In a Kaplan‐Meier analysis, increasing immunosuppression was associated with less BPAR (P = .001) and a trend toward less de novo DSA development (P = .06). Death‐censored graft survival (P = .27) was not different between the two groups. In the net immunosuppression increase group, recurrent BKV occurred in 22.7% without any BKV‐related graft losses.ConclusionThese findings support potential benefits of increasing immunosuppression in patients with low‐level or resolved BKV, but prospective trials are needed to better understand such an approach.
Provider‐ and patient‐level costs associated with providing antiretroviral therapy during the postpartum phase to women living with HIV in South Africa: A cost comparison of three postpartum models of care
Authors: Cunnama Lucy , Abrams Elaine J. , Myer Landon , Phillips Tamsin K. , Dugdale Caitlin M. , Ciaranello Andrea L. , Zerbe Allison , Iyun Victoria , MacQuilkan Kim , Daries Vanessa , Sinanovic Edina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the unit and total costs of three models of ART care for mother–infant pairs during the postpartum phase from provider and patient's perspectives: (i) local standard of care with women in general ART services and infants at well‐baby clinics; (ii) women and infants continue to receive care through an integrated maternal and child care approach during the postpartum breastfeeding period; and (iii) referral of women directly to community adherence clubs with their infants receiving care at well‐baby clinics.MethodsCapital and recurrent cost data (relating to buildings, furniture, equipment, personnel, overheads, maintenance, medication, diagnostic tests and immunisations) were collected from a provider's perspective at six sites in Cape Town, South Africa. Patient time, collected via time‐and‐motion observation and questionnaires, was used to estimate patient perspective costs and is comprised of lost productivity time, time spent travelling and the direct cost of travelling.ResultsThe cost of postpartum ART visits under models I, II and III was US $13, US $10 and US $7 per visit for a mother–infant pair, respectively, in 2018 US$. The annual costs for the mother–infant pair utilising the average visit frequencies (a mean of 4.5, 6.9 and 6.7 visits postpartum for models I, II and III, respectively) including costs for infant immunisations, visits, medication and diagnostic tests for both mothers and infants were: I – US $222, II – US $335 and III – US $249. Sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of visit frequency on visit cost showed that Model I annual costs would be most costly if visit frequency was equalised.ConclusionThis comparative analysis of three models of care provides novel data on unit costs and insight into the costs to provide ART and care to mother–infant pairs during the delicate postpartum phase. These costs may be used to help make decisions around integrated services models and differentiated service delivery for postpartum WLH and their children.
DUAL MODALITY TRAN-ADMITTANCE MAMMOGRAPHY AND ULTRASOUND REFLECTION TO IMPROVE ACCURACY OF BREAST CANCER DETECTION
Authors: Ain Khusnul , Kurniadi Deddy , Suprijanto Suprijanto , Santoso Oerip 
Published: September 2020

Cancer and breast tissue have a very high electrical impedance ratio, so imaging based on impedance can produce high contrast. It is very useful for the early detection of breast cancer. Trans-admittance mammography (TAM) is a modality to detect breast cancer based on impedance. The weakness of TAM is that it can only produce a projection image so that the volume and ratio of cancer to breast tissue cannot be obtained at once. The ratio of anomaly and volume is very important to be determined properly because it is related to the stage and type of cancer. TAM shortcomings can be overcome if anomalous volume information is known precisely. The ultrasound reflection modality can produce information about an anomaly depth and volume correctly. Combining TAM and ultrasound reflection data is expected to provide promising results. The study was conducted to prove the hypothesis by creating a breast phantom composed of gelatin, agar, graphite, glycerol, and distilled water to represent the electrical and acoustic physical properties of cancer and breast tissue. The results showed that the TAM data was only able to produce information about transverse position accurately, while the depth was less accurate. Acoustic devices can produce transverse position information, depth, and volume precisely. The dual-modality of TAM and ultrasound reflection can produce information about the depth position, volume, and the ratio anomaly to reference conductivity accurately.
Separated Phase Analysis of Heat Transfer in Liquid–Liquid Taylor Flow in a Miniscale Straight Tube
Authors: Alrbee K. , Muzychka Y. S. , Duan X. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Heat transfer analysis of liquid–liquid Taylor flow in previous studies almost never shows the effect of slug length on heat transfer. The homogenous or single-phase analysis is often the only method available to deal with flow of multicomponents. In this study, a new approach is developed to model the segmented liquid–liquid Taylor flow as two separated systems to present heat transfer enhancement for each component. The effect of internal circulation and boundary layer renewal within the two fluid components is clearly observed. An experimental setup was assembled using an open loop system at miniscale size in which liquid–liquid Taylor flow is heated under a constant wall temperature. Three silicone oils of 1, 3, and 5 cSt were segmented using distilled water at three volume fractions 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75. Finally, heat transfer data of the dimensionless mean wall heat flux shows good agreement with a predictive model proposed in an earlier work by the second author. The results show an impact of the fluid cell dimensions on the rate of heat transfer.
Consensus Protocol Design for Leader-Following Multi-Agent Systems With Stochastic Sampling Information
Authors: Subramanian K. , Muthukumar P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper studies a consensus protocol design for leader-following multi-agent systems (MASs) via stochastic sampling information. Unlike traditional sampled-data control, this paper is focused on the stochastically varying sample intervals with a given probability by the Bernoulli distribution. Based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and reciprocally convex technique, the sufficient conditions are derived for the stochastic sampled-data protocol design of the error system, which guarantees that the following agent's states can reach an agreement on the leader's state. Finally, the numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed theoretical results.
Pumping Loss of Shrouded Meshed Spur Gears
Authors: Hurrell Michael J. , Sawicki Jerzy T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
High speed rotorcraft transmissions are subject to load-independent power losses consisting of drag loss and pumping loss. Tightly conforming shrouds enclosing the transmission gears are often incorporated to reduce the drag component of the total load-independent losses. However, tightly conforming axial shrouds can result in an increase in the pumping loss component. Quantifying the pumping loss of shrouded gear transmissions has been the subject of many studies. This study presents a new approach for estimating pumping loss based on the concept of swept volume and examines the applicability of the approach to various shroud configurations. The drag loss and pumping loss of a shrouded spur gear pair have been determined through testing using the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) Gear Windage Test Facility. The results from this testing have been compared to theoretical results using the formulations presented in this study. In addition, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been conducted for the various shroud configurations tested at NASA GRC. The results from the CFD analysis confirm the theoretical and empirical results and provide insight into the applicability of the swept volume approach for estimating pumping power loss of shrouded gear transmissions.
Model-Free Controller Designs for a Magnetic Micromanipulator
Authors: Ablay Günyaz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An optimal model-free controller and a linear controller are designed and applied to a horizontal magnetic micromanipulator for controlling microparticles in a liquid environment. An input–output relation based model for the magnetic micromanipulator is obtained, verified, and used in the analysis of controllers. A model-free linear controller is designed using the offset current approach. An optimal nonlinear controller based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions is designed and then modified to produce smooth control signals. Experimental results are provided to show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed controllers. The model-free controllers yield short settling time and zero steady-state error in the control of magnetic microparticles.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: Key to Selective Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Rosenkranz A. A. , Slastnikova T. A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an integral surface protein mediating cellular response to a number of growth factors. Its overexpression and increased activation due to mutations is one of the most common traits of many types of cancer. Development and clinical use of the agents, which block EGFR activation, became a prime example of the personalized targeted medicine. However, despite the obvious success in this area, cancer cure remains unattainable in most cases. Because of that, as well as the result of the search for possible ways to overcome the difficulties of treatment, a huge number of new treatment methods relying on the use of EGFR overexpression and its changes to destroy cancer cells. Modern data on the structure, functioning, and intracellular transport of EGFR, its natural ligands, as well as signaling cascades triggered by the EGFR activation, peculiarities of the EGFR expression and activation in oncological disorders, as well as applied therapeutic approaches aimed at blocking EGFR signaling pathway are summarized and analyzed in this review. Approaches to the targeted delivery of various chemotherapeutic agents, radionuclides, immunotoxins, photosensitizers, as well as the prospects for gene therapy aimed at cancer cells with EGFR overexpression are reviewed in detail. It should be noted that increasing attention is being paid nowadays to the development of multifunctional systems, either carrying several different active agents, or possessing several environment-dependent transport functions. Potentials of the systems based on receptor-mediated endocytosis of EGFR and their possible advantages and limitations are discussed.