bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance Profile of Vibrio spp. Strains Collected from Lagoon Bays and Wastewater in the City of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, from January to June 2017
Authors: Kalpy J. Coulibaly , Sabine Vakou N. , Aboubakar S. Diaby , lydie N. Amon , Allico J. Djaman , Mady N'Diaye , Mireille Dosso 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Lagoons and wastewater constitute aquatics environments which receive or accounts for most domestic discharges. These waters constitute an important ecosystem for the proliferation of microorganisms. The microorganisms that harbor these waters can provide information on the persistence of certain diseases in the human population, including gastrointestinal infections such as Cholera. The genus Vibrio contains pathogenic aquatic bacteria found in lagoon bays and wastewater.

Objective:
The main objectives of this work were to confirm the presence of Vibrio spp. in lagoon bays and sewage of the city of Abidjan over the entire interepidemic period, and to evaluate their sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics.

Methods:
The isolation and identification of the microorganisms were carried out using classical bacteriological techniques (biochemical test, API 20E gallery). When necessary, serotyping was carried out using agglutination tests on slides. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion (KBDD) method.

Results:
This study identified 12 bacterial strains, 9/12 (75%) of which were Vibrio sp. strains. Two Vibrio species, namely Vibrio parahaemolyticus 2/9 (22%) and 7/9 Vibrio cholerae (78%) were identified.
V. cholerae was isolated from both sewage and lagoon waters with dominance of serotype O1. The V. cholerae O1 and non-O1 strains showed a high level of resistance to sulfonamides, quinolones, fluoroquinolones, and moderate sensitivity to penicillins and tetracyclines. Resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains were also identified.

Conclusion:
The increased resistance of these bacteria could pose potential problems in the treatment of epidemics and other communicable diseases. The emergence of these multi-drug resistant strains of the genus Vibrio should prompt the Ivorian health authorities to maintain an epidemiological surveillance network for waterborne diseases throughout the country and to continue bacteriological sampling to monitor Vibrio's sensitivity to antibiotics.
Effects of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator Praliciguat in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hanrahan John P. , de Boer Ian H. , Bakris George L. , Wilson Phebe J. , Wakefield James D. , Seferovic Jelena P. , Chickering Jennifer G. , Chien Yueh-tyng , Carlson Kenneth , Cressman Michael D. , Currie Mark G. , Milne G. Todd , Profy Albert T. 
Published: December 2020

Background and objectives
Impaired nitric oxide signaling through soluble guanylate cyclase has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease. Praliciguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator that amplifies nitric oxide signaling, inhibited kidney inflammation and fibrosis in animal models.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In a phase 2 trial, 156 adults with type 2 diabetes, eGFR 30–75 ml/min per 1.73 m2, and urine albumin-creatinine ratio 200–5000 mg/g treated with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors were randomly allocated 1:1:1 to placebo, 20 mg praliciguat, or 40 mg praliciguat daily for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were change from baseline to weeks 8 and 12 in urine albumin-creatinine ratio and treatment-emergent adverse events, respectively. Other outcomes assessed were 24-hour ambulatory BP and metabolic parameters.

Results
Of 156 participants randomized, 140 (90%) completed the study. The primary efficacy analysis demonstrated a mean change from baseline in urine albumin-creatinine ratio of −28% (90% confidence interval, −36 to −18) in the pooled praliciguat group and −15% (−28 to 0.4) in the placebo group (difference −15%; −31 to 4; P=0.17). Between-group decreases from baseline to week 12 for praliciguat versus placebo were seen in mean 24-hour systolic BP (−4 mm Hg; −8 to −1), hemoglobin A1c (−0.3%; −0.5 to −0.03), and serum cholesterol (−10 mg/dl; −19 to −1). The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar in the pooled praliciguat and placebo groups (42% and 44%, respectively). Serious adverse events, events leading to study drug discontinuation, and events potentially related to BP lowering were reported at higher frequency in the 40-mg group but were similar in 20-mg and placebo groups.

Conclusions
Praliciguat treatment for 12 weeks did not significantly reduce albuminuria compared with placebo in the primary efficacy analysis. Nonetheless, the observed changes in urine albumin-creatinine ratio, BP, and metabolic variables may support further investigation of praliciguat in diabetic kidney disease.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
A Study to Evaluate the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC) Stimulator IW-1973 in Diabetic Nephropathy/Diabetic Kidney Disease as Measured by Albuminuria, NCT03217591
Vienkārši par sarežģīto jeb par komunikācijas nozares dziļumu
Authors: Tjarve Kristīne 
Published: December 2020

Komunikācijas zinātnes doktores un sabiedrisko attiecību aģentūras A.W. Olsen & Partners līdzīpašnieces un vadītājas Olgas Kazakas grāmatas Pirmā PR grāmata (Rīga: Trendsetter Publishing, 2019) apskats.
La lengua chamí
Authors: Caudmont Jean 
Published: December 2020

I—Estructura de la frase.

1. —Identificación de la frase.
2. —Clases de palabras.
3. —Ordenanza de las diversas clases de palabras.

II—Estructura de las oraciones.
III—Inventario y distribución de los morfemas.
3.1.—Nombres.
3.2.—Calificativos.
3.3.—Verbos.
3.4.—Afijos.
Association Between Achieving Inpatient Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Retrospective Hospital-Based Analysis
Authors: Klonoff David C. , Messler Jordan C. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Peng Limin , Booth Robby , Crowe Jennifer , Garrett Valerie , McFarland Raymie , Pasquel Francisco J. 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes and hyperglycemia are important risk factors for poor outcomes in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesized that achieving glycemic control soon after admission, in both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings, could affect outcomes in patients with COVID-19.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed pooled data from the Glytec national database including 1,544 patients with COVID-19 from 91 hospitals in 12 states. Patients were stratified according to achieved mean glucose category in mg/dL (≤7.77, 7.83–10, 10.1–13.88, and &gt;13.88 mmol/L; ≤140, 141–180, 181–250, and &gt;250 mg/dL) during days 2–3 in non-ICU patients or on day 2 in ICU patients. We conducted a survival analysis to determine the association between glucose category and hospital mortality.

RESULTS
Overall, 18.1% (279/1,544) of patients died in the hospital. In non-ICU patients, severe hyperglycemia (blood glucose [BG] &gt;13.88 mmol/L [250 mg/dL]) on days 2–3 was independently associated with high mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 7.17; 95% CI 2.62–19.62) compared with patients with BG &lt;7.77 mmol/L (140 mg/dL). This relationship was not significant for admission glucose (HR 1.465; 95% CI 0.683–3.143). In patients admitted directly to the ICU, severe hyperglycemia on admission was associated with increased mortality (adjusted HR 3.14; 95% CI 1.44–6.88). This relationship was not significant on day 2 (HR 1.40; 95% CI 0.53–3.69). Hypoglycemia (BG &lt;70 mg/dL) was also associated with increased mortality (odds ratio 2.2; 95% CI 1.35–3.60).

CONCLUSIONS
Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were associated with poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Admission glucose was a strong predictor of death among patients directly admitted to the ICU. Severe hyperglycemia after admission was a strong predictor of death among non-ICU patients.
THE PRESENCE OF COLLABORATION SKILL IN ELT CLASS
Authors: Sudinpreeda Hakim , Mutohhar Mutohhar , Nurcahyo Agung Dwi , Kartika Fajar 
Published: December 2020

One of the skills that must be possessed in the 21st century is collaboration skill. It requires teachers to present or provide it in the learning process, so that later students are expected to be able to implement it in their real life. The study reported in this paper aims to describe the implementation of collaboration skill in the process of teaching and learning. The data collected by means of close-ended questionnaires and guided interview that were administered to 125 freshman students of the English Education Department of Universitas Muria Kudus. The result shows that 84% of the students said that the teacher has implemented the collaboration skill, however from 84%, only 48% is categorized as instructionally effective. It is suggested that the teachers should manage some instructions and control how the instructions are executed. Keywords: 21st century skills, collaboration skill, effective instruction.
THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FOR LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Handayani Rahmawati Dwi , Syafei Muh , Utari Aisyah Ririn Perwikasih 
Published: December 2020

abstract. The objective of the research is to find out the kinds of social media used by fourth semester students of English Education Department of Universitas Muria Kudus for learning English. The researchers used descriptive qualitative research and the data was collected by the use of questionnaire. The participants are 50 students of English Education Department of Universitas Muria Kudus. The result showed that social media the students use for learning English are YouTube (94%),, Instagram (72%0, WhatsApp (62%), Twitter (32), Facebook (30%), Line (10%), Manwha (6%), Telegram (2%), Google (2%), Tik Tok (1%), Cake English App (1%), Quora (1%) and Discord (1%)
Effectiveness of pretrial decisions on the implementation of confiscation and its legal implications
Authors: Gunawan Ricky Indra 
Published: December 2020

Pretrial is a control over the actions of investigators and public prosecutors in carrying out their duties and authority in the criminal justice process whether it has been done properly or not. The method used in this paper is a method with a juridical approach to Empirical and Normative Juridical. The effectiveness of pretrial efforts towards the implementation of the confiscation process according to the researchers 'level of effectiveness is still questionable because as far as researchers' observations are concerned with the influence of the Constitutional Court's ruling, no community has yet filed a pretrial suit related to searches and seizures carried out by law enforcers. / PUU-XII / 2014 more people filed lawsuits for judicial petition related to the determination of suspects, this is evidenced by the number of pretrial claims against the determination of suspects and the implications in pretrial decisions regarding the implementation of foreclosures with the ruling Number 21/PUU-XII / 2014 , where the confiscation action is the tip of the investigator's action in order to prove the trial, so with the decision Number 21/PUU-XII/ 2014, the implications of the investigator are required to be more careful and lam foreclosure. The implication is also in this case that the judge in deciding and considering a pretrial object in the form of confiscation in a case will also certainly have different views because the judge can interpret the law as long as the ruling of the Constitutional Court Number 21 / PUU-XII / 2014 which stipulates the seizure as a pretrial object has not been determined explicitly in the legislation.
Proximate composition and GC-MS analysis of ethanol extract of Solanum spirale Roxb.
Authors: Payum Temin 
Published: December 2020

Solanum spirale Roxb. is abundantly grown in eastern Himalayan regions. The shoot is used as a vegetable as well as medicine to control high blood pressure. The present study was carried out to profile the phytochemical compositions, mineral contents and proximate composition of the Solanum spirale shoot. GC-MS was used for the identification of phytochemicals and methods described in standard protocols were used to study minerals and proximate composition. A total of 40 phytochemicals were recorded from the ethanol extract. Mineral contents of the sample 0.115 (Fe), 0.07 (Mn), 0.015 (Cu), 0.040 (Zn), 2.25 (Mg), 3.08 (Na) and 16.7 (K) mg/g while proximate composition were 76.25± 0.093 % (moisture)3.82±0.26 % (Carbohydrate), 12.54±0.08% (Total ash), 0.39±0.98% (Crude protein), 6.12±1.07 % (Crude fibre), 0.37±0.07 % (Crude fat). (Z,Z)-6,9-Cis-3,4-epoxy-nonadecadiene occupied highest area percentage in TIC peak report with 24.55%, followed by Pentadecanoic acid with 18.81 percent, with Pentadecane with 9.99%, Hexadecanoicacid, Ethyl ester with 8.64%, (2E)(7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol with 7.75%. Useful phytocompounds related to health problems including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, cardioprotective, hypocholesterolemic, increase zinc bioavailability, inhibit uric acid formation, antibacterial, anti-inflamatory, antioxidant etc. are major components and such findings advocate Solanum spirale as a nutraceutical herb.
GENDER AS THE OBJECT OF EVALUATION IN MEDIA DISCOURSE (on English and Russian mass media)
Authors: Цветкова Ольга Дмитриевна 
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматриваются различные формы оценки в дискурсе СМИ гендерных характеристик участников общественно-политических процессов в англоязычных странах и России. Определена ретроспективная динамика содержания данной оценки, а также формы - скрытые и открытые - ее выражения.
The article debates various forms of evaluation of gender in media in Anglo-Saxon and Russian press. The retrospective dynamics of its content, as well as the forms of this evaluation, are disclosed.
GASTO DE BOLSILLO EN SALUD Y RIESGO DE POBREZA EN HOGARES PERUANOS. PERÚ 2017
Authors: Guerrero-Ojeda Guillermo Arturo 
Published: December 2020

El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre gasto de bolsillo en salud y riesgo de pobreza mediante una regresión logística multinomial en el año 2017 Fue un estudio descriptivo, no experimental transversal, la muestra de estudio son los hogares con gasto de bolsillo de las viviendas seleccionadas de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares, la variable dependiente fue Pobreza con tres categorías: pobre extremo, pobre no extremo y no pobre, se utilizó la metodología de Xu K en el estudio de las variables en salud. Como resultados se obtuvo que el aseguramiento fue: 44,2% al SIS, 28,3% a EsSALUD, 24,2% no asegurados y 3,3% a otro tipo de seguro, el gasto de bolsillo en salud fue de 63,0%. Las variables que relacionan salud y pobreza en forma directa son: gasto catastrófico, gasto de bolsillo y número de asegurados del hogar. El gasto en medicinas es del 39,2%. El índice Gini para este gasto es 0,690 Se concluye que según lo contemplado en la ley Nº 29344, aún no se cumple por el no aseguramiento. El gasto de bolsillo es alto aproximadamente el triple de lo recomendado por la OMS, es desigual y concentrado en los quintiles de gasto 4 y 5, que son los de mayor capacidad de pago y es la principal fuente de financiamiento de la salud de los hogares. EsSALUD y el SIS contribuyen con la tercera parte de los cuidados de salud. Los hogares destinan mayor gasto en medicinas, servicio dental y consultas médicas originando gastos catastróficos (40% en gasto de bolsillo del gasto familiar), aumentando la probabilidad de empobrecimiento.
RELACIÓN ENTRE LA PERIODONTITIS Y ARTRITIS EN UN PACIENTE CON DIABETES MELLITUS. PARTE I. REPORTE DE CASO Y REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA
Authors: Ojeda Gómez Roberto Carlos , López Monja Martha Aurora , Soto Ramirez Carmen Elena Sarahi 
Published: December 2020

La enfermedad periodontal es un proceso inflamatorio crónico activado por bacterias periodonto patógenas con una alta carga microbiana. Ésta inicia por una serie de microorganismos complejos, así como la susceptibilidad del individuo; con varios factores sistémicos, siendo la diabetes mellitus, la más común.
En esta revisión se resume la evolución de la teoría de la infección focal para el conocimiento actual de la fisiopatología de la enfermedad periodontal y se presenta una actualización de los mecanismos y las relaciones entre la periodontitis crónica y enfermedades sistémicas que incluyen artritis reumatoide y diabetes mellitus.
Para la revisiónn de la literatura, se diseñó un estudio descriptivo basado en la búsqueda sistemática de literatura en la base de datos: PUBMED y se reporta un caso atendido en una clínica universitaria, donde describe a una paciente femenino de 60 años de edad, que acudió al centro de prácticas pre clínica y clínica de Estomatología de una universidad privada del norte del país, la cual la paciente presenta diabetes mellitus tipo I con 10 años de evolución, la paciente también refiere gastritis con el mismo tiempo de evolución que la diabetes, y artritis con un tiempo de evoluciónn de 4 años y sin ningún tipo de medicación. Al examen clínico la paciente presenta una prótesis total removible superior en mal estado, presenta edentulismo parcial en el maxilar inferior, caries dental en las piezas dentarlas 31, 32, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47 y a la vez presenta lesiones no cariosas.
NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM CERITA ANAK "DOA UNTUK AMANG KANI" KARYA SITI MAKIAH
Authors: Jahdiah Jahdiah 
Published: December 2020

Cerita anak termasuk dalam sastra anak yang disajikan khusus untuk anak-anak. Tulisan ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tentang nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dalam cerita anak Doa untuk Amang. Masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter apa saja yang ada dalam cerita anak Doa untuk Amang Kani dan indikator apa saja yang ada dalam setiap nilai pendidikan karakter tersebut. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik catat. Hasil analisis data bahwa dalam cerita anak Doa untuk Amang Kani terdapat lima nilai pendidikan karakter, yaitu (1) Keimanan dan ketakwaan, (2) Kejujuran. (3) Kecerdasan (4) Ketangguhan. (5) Kepedulian. Kelima nilai pendidikan karakter tersebut masing-masing mempunyai indikator.
Roma Health Mediators: A Neocolonial Tool for the Reinforcement of Epistemic Violence?
Authors: Petraki Ioanna 
Published: December 2020

Scientific articles in medical journals regarding Roma have produced a type of problematic consensus narrative that is reinforced through its formulaic repetition. Roma health mediator (RHM) programs seem to have evolved from and currently be part of this consensus narrative. In this article I examine the potential use of RHMs, even if unintended, as a neocolonial tool for the reinforcement of epistemic violence against Roma, using a critical analysis of four empirical stories from the field. I explore the above hypothesis through critical reflexive anthropology, and postcolonial and intersectional studies, as well as by using elements of the self-ethnographic approach. I argue that the epistemic violence can be seen as resulting from the interplay between the Subject (i.e., health professional or researcher), the Object (i.e., Roma as “Other”), and the practices that result (i.e., discourse or consensus narrative production through the interpretation of the scientific data). I conclude with tools that could help reduce the epistemic violence against Roma within the health sector, suchas cross-disciplinary collaboration, participatory action research (PAR), (self-)reflection, critical theory, and the dialogic creation of scientific knowledge.
THE SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING GIRLS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND GENDER BASED VIOLENCE IN HIGHER INSTITUTION: CASE STUDY IN UNIVERSITIES IN AMHARA REGIONAL STATE
Authors: Gebeyehu Zelalem , Kathiresan A. 
Published: December 2020

At the beginning of human history, the environment favored and promoted equality of males and females. However, as the exposure of males to the natural environment differed, various activities and dangers increased, both sexes started to differ in the nature and depth of experience. Since then, the gender disparity that began in this way was widened by religious, political, economic, cultural and other factors. Currently, gender differentiations are reflected in the accesses to the three precious things of the world, political power, economic privileges and social or cultural prestige. In the 21st century, knowledge plays the leading role and education is the central element that nations can use to maintain equality among society specially to insure gender equality. Thus this paper would attempt to identify the socio-economic factors affecting girl's academic achievement and gender based violence in higher institutions in case of Amhara regional state by selecting two university from first, one from second and two from third generation universities including Wollo five universities will be included out of the total seven universities found in the region. The respondents are selected randomly from each university. The respondents included in this study are female students, gender office, instructors, student deans and registrar workers. The data would be collected using Focus group discussion, interview and questionnaires. To analyze the data logistic regression and two limit Tobit model would be used. Even if there is some progressive trend, the girl’s academic achievement is low and their attrition rate is high. That is their mean achievement below the national average. From econometrics result it has been found that entrance exam result, parents income, personal related factors, peer pressure the major factors that substantially determines level of girl’s academic achievement. Similarly, though there are positive changes regarding gender based violence still significant portion of girls were vulnerable. That is 20 percent out of the total surveyed girls were violated and 22.59 percent still exploited by the transaction sex in the nearby cities. Besides, the logistic regression analysis showed that gender based violence highly depend on the personality those girls with strong personality and self-esteemed girls have less chance of being harassed or abused verbally, physically and psychologically.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CHALLENGES IN WAY TO RISE
Authors: Devi Seema 
Published: December 2020

Social entrepreneurship is the use of the techniques by startup companies and other entrepreneurs to develop, fund and implement solutions to social, cultural, or environmental issues. This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs. For-profit entrepreneurs typically measure performance using business metrics like profit, revenues and increases in stock prices, but social entrepreneurs are either non-profits or blend for-profit goals with generating a positive "return to society" and therefore must use different metrics. Social entrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural, and environmental goals often associated with the voluntary sector in areas such as poverty alleviation, health care and community development. This article builds on the literature to define social entrepreneurship, discusses the boundaries of socially-oriented entrepreneurial activities, and positions the social entrepreneur in the spectrum of entrepreneurship.
Development of painting in Maratha area
Authors: Jain Sushma 
Published: December 2020

The painting tradition in the Maratha region dates back to prehistoric times. Human beings have left examples of paintings with a very careful reflex of behavior. In the primitive tendons of Madhya Pradesh, we are surprised today by the many linear signs of the human and the aesthetic form of the weapons, following the craving to be cultured and ornate on that barbar.
मराठा क्षेत्र में चित्रकला परंपरा का प्रारंभ प्रागैतिहासिक काल से होता है। मानव ने बहुत ही प्रांरभ में व्यवहार की सजगता के साथ चित्रों के उदाहरण छोड़े हैं। मध्यप्रदेश की आदिम कंदराओं में हमें उस बर्बर पर सुसंस्कृत और सुअलंकृत होने की लालसा के अनुगामी मानव के रचे अनेक रेखीय चिन्ह तथा अस्त्र शस्त्रों के सौंदर्य प्रधान रूप आज हमंें आश्चर्य चकित करते है।1