bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipophilic Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotube‐based Solid Contact Potassium Ion‐selective Electrodes with Reproducible Standard Potentials. A Comparative Study
Authors: Papp Soma , Kozma József , Lindfors Tom , Gyurcsányi Róbert E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe two most promising approaches for preparing solid contacts (SCs) for polymeric membrane based ion‐selective electrodes (ISEs) are based on the use of large surface areas conducting materials with high capacitance (e. g., various carbon nanotubes) and redox active materials (e. g. conducting polymers). While many of the essential requirements for the potential stability of SCISEs were addressed, the E0 reproducibility and its predictability, that would enable single use of such electrodes without calibration is still a challenge, i. e., the fabrication of electrodes with sufficiently close E0 and slope values to enable the characterization of large fabrication batches through the calibration of only a small number of electrodes. The most generic solution seems to be the adjustment of the E0 potential by polarization prior to the application of the ion‐selective membrane. This approach proved to be successful in case of conducting polymer‐based solid contacts, but has to be still explored for capacitive solid contact based ISEs, which is the purpose of this paper. We have chosen a well‐established highly lipophilic multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), i. e. octadecane modified MWCNT (OD‐MWCNT), that is investigated in the comparative context of a similarly lipophilic conducting polymer solid contact (a perfluorinated alkanoate side chain functionalized poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)). While, the OD‐MWCNT based SCISEs had inherently small standard deviation of their E0 values (less than 5 mV) this could be further improved by external polarization and short circuiting the SCISEs.
Optimum design study of a straight tube with different inserts for thermal performance characteristics
Authors: Gupta Arun , Singh Hardial 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a simple straight tube with different types of inserts in which there is a flow of water + Al2O3. The experimental and computational studies were performed for different inserts, such as simple insert, twisted‐I, twisted‐II, and simple straight tube. The coefficient of heat transfer and Nusselt number is computed for mass flow rate ranging between 0.06 and 0.20 m/s. The simple straight tube is used as a means of validating the experimental results with computational results. The work concluded that twisted‐II inserts provide enhanced thermal performance in comparison to all other process conditions. In this study, statistical analysis is performed by statistical software and by generating model equations. Furthermore, the effect of a twisted insert in heat pipe for two types of fluids, that is, water and nanofluid (Al203 + water) is experimentally and computationally designed using the Taguchi method and orthogonal array concept. Moreover, temperature and velocity contours are developed for all four types of insert designs in the tube.
A brief diversity training: Raising awareness of ingroup privilege to improve attitudes towards disadvantaged outgroups
Authors: Ehrke Franziska , Ashoee Aysan , Steffens Melanie C. , Louvet Eva 
Published: February 2020

Diversity training is a popular strategy to reduce prejudice within educational settings. However, in practice, diversity training rarely relies on social‐psychological theory, and research on its effectiveness in real‐world settings is scarce. Previous research regarding diversity training has particularly neglected an important theoretical concept: privilege as the counterpart of discrimination. Therefore, we developed a diversity training aiming to increase awareness of ingroup privilege, using an intersectional approach to teach participants the complex interaction between privilege and oppression. We randomly allocated students of educational science (N = 112) to a repeated‐measures (pre‐test, post‐test, follow‐up) control‐group design. Compared with the control group, training participants showed a significant increase in awareness of ingroup privilege 1 week after the training, whereas there was no change in awareness of discrimination. Furthermore, increased awareness of ingroup privilege 1 week after the training mediated improved outgroup attitudes (i.e., more positive outgroup feelings towards immigrants and refugees, reduced subtle prejudice towards immigrants and reduced homonegativity) 2 weeks after the training.
A case of inguinal cellular angiofibroma
Authors: Kamitani Rei , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Fujiwara Shinnosuke , Akita Hirotaka , Mikami Shuji , Kameyama Kaori , Jinzaki Masahiro , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionCellular angiofibroma is a benign mesenchymal tumor that is rare and has a good prognosis. However, preoperative distinction of cellular angiofibroma from malignant tumors is difficult.Case presentationA 77‐year‐old man complained of a left inguinal mass, which was a solid, painless, mobile tumor measuring approximately 40 mm and contacted with the left spermatic cord. Based on his age, the location and imaging findings, a preoperative diagnosis of myxoid liposarcoma was made. The patient underwent left high inguinal orchiectomy with complete resection of the tumor. Histologically and immunohistochemically, the tumor had no feature of malignancy. A postoperative diagnosis of cellular angiofibroma was made. The patient remains free of disease recurrence 12 months after surgery.ConclusionCellular angiofibroma is a benign but rare tumor, which is sometimes difficult to distinguish from malignant neoplasms. Further studies are needed to accurately preoperatively diagnose this tumor.
Increased hepatic acylcarnitines after oral administration of amiodarone in rats
Authors: Kim Gabin , Choi Hyung‐Kyoon , Lee Hwanhui , Moon Kyoung‐Sik , Oh Jung Hwa , Lee Jaeick , Shin Jae Gook , Kim Dong Hyun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAmiodarone is known to induce hepatic injury in some recipients. We applied an untargeted metabolomics approach to identify endogenous metabolites with potential as biomarkers for amiodarone‐induced liver injury. Oral amiodarone administration for 1 week in rats resulted in significant elevation of acylcarnitines and phospholipids in the liver. Hepatic short‐ and medium‐chain acylcarnitines were dramatically increased in a dose‐dependent manner, while the serum levels of these acylcarnitines did not change substantially. In addition, glucose levels were significantly increased in both the serum and liver. Gene expression profiling showed that the hepatic mRNA levels of Cpt1, Cpt2, and Acat1 were significantly suppressed, whereas those of Acot1, Acly, Acss2, and Acsl3 were increased. These results suggest that hepatic acylcarnitines and glucose levels might be increased due to disruption of mitochondrial function and suppression of glucose metabolism. Perturbation of energy metabolism might be associated with amiodarone‐induced hepatotoxicity.
The enhanced gain and cost‐effective antipodal Vivaldi antenna for 5G communication applications
Authors: Dixit Amruta S. , Kumar Sumit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe gain enhanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) is implemented in this study for fifth‐generation (5G) communication applications. At first, the conventional AVA is designed and then metamaterial and rectangular corrugations are added to AVA to enhance its gain from 7.75 to 9.53 dB. The designed antenna size is 40 mm × 24 mm × 1.6 mm and it is fabricated on the FR4 substrate. Further, modified AVA with metamaterial and corrugation increases higher cut‐off frequency from 30.62 to 34.52 GHz. The gain of the designed antenna varies between 5 and 9.53 dB over 24.77 to 34.52 GHz and its bandwidth is 9.75 GHz. The designed antenna covers 25 to 29.5 GHz and 31.8 to 33.4 GHz 5G frequency bands. Experimental results and the simulated results are nearly same, which demonstrate that the designed antenna can be used for 5G communication applications.
Use of Integrated Clinical Decision Support Tools to Manage Parenteral Nutrition Ordering: Experience From an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Lashinsky Jennifer N. , Suhajda Jennilyn K. , Pleva Melissa R. , Kraft Michael D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParenteral nutrition (PN) is a complex therapy with numerous opportunities for error during the prescribing, preparation, and administration processes. Advances in technology, such as computerized provider order entry (CPOE), electronic health records (EHRs), and clinical decision support (CDS) have helped decrease the risks associated with PN therapy. These technologies can be utilized to guide prescribing, provide automated safety checks, and increase overall safety and accuracy in PN ordering, compounding, and administration. In recent years, increased awareness of the risks associated with PN therapy, in particular issues with ordering and transcription, have magnified the need for improved support of PN ordering within currently available systems. Additionally, drug shortages continue to impact key components of PN admixtures, further increasing the risks associated with this complex therapy. These concerns and risks present an opportunity for the development of new functionality, as well as improvements in and innovative utilization of available technology within systems supporting the PN use process. This discussion will highlight the risks associated with PN, examine the role of drug shortages on the safety of this therapy, describe the application of available technology to manage shortages, and report the experience of using commercially available CDS tools at one academic medical center. It will also include a discussion of the transition from paper orders to CPOE/EHR‐based orders for PN and the transition from one commercially available electronic system to another at this particular institution.
A pilot study to screen for poor academic performance in children with sickle cell disease in the outpatient setting
Authors: Karkoska Kristine , Zaheer Sibgha , Chen Victoria , Fishbein Joanna , Appiah‐Kubi Abena , Aygun Banu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for neurocognitive deficits, which can lead to effects on academic performance and later job attainment. However, screening in children at high risk for poor academic performance (PAP) in a clinic setting has been limited. The goal was to identify young children with SCD at high risk for PAP via administration of a standardized screening tool at the clinic visit.ProcedureParents of 20 patients were asked to complete the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition (BASC‐3) Parent Rating Scale. Children ages six to nine years and all SCD genotypes were included. Those patients who scored at least 1 standard deviation below the mean were considered high risk. Statistics was used to associate demographic, academic, and laboratory data with risk status (RS).ResultsFour of 20 patients (20%) were found to be at risk by the BASC‐3. A significant association was found between those with a history of PAP and RS (P = 0.001). A trend toward association was found between baseline hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and RS. Children not at risk had a higher hemoglobin level and lower reticulocyte count (P = 0.37 and P = 0.20, respectively). Those on hydroxyurea were significantly less likely to score as at risk (P = 0.014), whereas those with siblings may be at greater risk (P = 0.037).Conclusion(s)A parent‐directed screening tool may identify children with SCD in need of additional school support. Further prospective studies are necessary to understand correlations found between hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and hydroxyurea treatment and risk for PAP.
Review of nutritional status, body composition, and effects of antineoplastic drug disposition
Authors: Wiernikowski John T. , Bernhardt Melanie Brooke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe overall survival for children with cancer in high income countries is excellent. However, there are many disparities that may negatively affect survival, which are particularly problematic in low income countries, such as nutritional status at diagnosis and throughout therapy. Nutritional status as well as concomitant foods, supplements, and medications may play a role in overall exposure and response to chemotherapy. Emerging science around the microbiome may also play a role and should be further explored as a contributor to disease progression and therapeutic response. This article highlights some of these issues and proposes additional areas of research relevant to nutritional status and pharmacology that are needed in pediatric oncology.
Aging Biomarkers: From Functional Tests to Multi‐Omics Approaches
Authors: Kudryashova Ksenia S. , Burka Ksenia , Kulaga Anton Y. , Vorobyeva Nataliya S. , Kennedy Brian K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAging results in various deleterious changes in the human body that may lead to loss of function and the manifestation of chronic diseases. While diseases can generally be reliably diagnosed, the aging process itself requires more sophisticated approaches to evaluate its progression. Numerous attempts have been made to establish biomarkers to quantify human aging at the cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Here, an up‐to‐date overview of biomarkers related to human aging with an emphasis on biomarkers that take into account different mechanisms of aging between individuals is provided. Classical discrete molecular and non‐molecular biomarkers handpicked by researches on the base of their strong correlation with age, as well as emerging omics‐based biomarkers, are discussed and potential future directions and developments in the field of aging assessment are outlined.
Combustion of Nanoaluminum and Magnesium in Fuel‐Rich Propellants
Authors: Maggi Filippo , Zadra Francesco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFuel‐rich propellants are used in ducted rocket technology. The reduced content of oxidizer and the use of atmospheric air improve the gravimetric specific impulse far above the level of standard rocket motors, granting longer operating range. Peculiar requirements of ducted rockets favor either high or low‐pressure exponent propellants, depending on the pressurization strategy of the gas generator. The introduction of metal additives further improves the volumetric specific impulse and plays in favor of system compactness but combustion is difficult due to the intrinsic lack of oxidizer. Agglomeration of metal and low burning rates are observed. In this paper, the combustion of a set of fuel‐rich propellants with nanoaluminum and magnesium is investigated. The reported data set comprises ideal performance, burning rate, incipient agglomeration, and metal content of the agglomerates.
The Risk Analysis Screening Tool (RAST): Part II, using RAST to evaluate the release of ammonia
Authors: Luo Feng , Vaughen Bruce K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis is the second article on the Risk Analysis Screening Tool (RAST). Part I provides an overview of the RAST software and how it can be used when performing a Hazards Identification and Risk Analysis. This article will focus on one piece of equipment: an ammonia storage tank located within a densely populated university campus. For the storage tank, the relief valve vents outdoors at the height of a two‐story building with its release modeled as an outdoor release. The potential failure scenarios proposed by the RAST software confirmed the scenarios generated by the Process Hazards Analysis team. RAST can be used using minimum required inputs and general assumptions and default values within the software. The results are presented in this article along with an additional, similar case study on chlorine. The risk matrix and risk summary tabs give a visual presentation of whether the failure scenarios found by RAST are within an acceptable, tolerable risk. The user or company running the study may change the desired target frequency factor then work to achieve those figures through implementation of protective layers.
Odorant‐binding proteins and chemosensory proteins potentially involved in host plant recognition in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri
Authors: Zhang He , Chen Jun‐Long , Lin Jia‐Hao , Lin Jin‐Tian , Wu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDOdorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) and chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are two families of small water‐soluble proteins involved in odor detection and subsequent signal transmission. Determination of their binding mechanisms and specificity towards different odorants is important for developing OBPs/CSPs as targets in pest control management.RESULTSWe re‐annotated genes encoding putative OBPs and CSPs in the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) draft genome using various bioinformatic tools. Genes encoding nine OBPs (seven Classic and two Plus‐C) and 12 CSPs were identified, consistent with our previous transcriptomic results. Tissue‐specific and developmental expression analyses suggested that genes encoding six OBPs and four CSPs were predominantly expressed in antennae, and displayed various expression patterns in different development stages, suggesting potential involvement in olfactory perception. Competitive fluorescence binding assays with 13 candidate ligands, including known host plant volatiles, sex pheromone components and repellents, showed that DcitOBP3 could bind to various odorants, whereas DcitOBP6, 8 and 9 bound specifically to host plant terpenoids. DcitCSP1 and 12 could also bind to certain terpenoids with high binding specificity.CONCLUSIONOBP‐ and CSP‐encoding genes were systematically identified by annotating the draft D. citri genome and those potentially involved in odorant detection and signal transmission were identified by analyzing their tissue‐expression profiles and odorant‐binding affinities, particularly to the peripheral molecular perception of host plant terpenoids. The identified genes may provide potential targets for efficient pest control. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification and expression of main genes involved in non‐target site resistance mechanisms to fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl in Beckmannia syzigachne
Authors: Bai Shuang , Zhao Yanfang , Zhou Yuanming , Wang Mingliang , Li Yihui , Luo Xiaoyong , Li Lingxu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNon‐target‐site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides is a serious threat to global agriculture. Although metabolic resistance is the dominant mechanism of NTSR, the molecular mechanisms are not yet well‐characterized. This study aimed to uncover the likely metabolism‐related genes in Beckmannia syzigachne (American sloughgrass) resistant to fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl.RESULTSUltra‐performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry experiments showed that the resistant American sloughgrass biotype (R, SD‐04‐SS) showed enhanced degradation of this herbicide compared to the susceptible biotype (S, SD‐12). R and S biotype were harvested at 24 h after fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl treatment to conduct RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) analysis to investigate the likely fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl metabolic genes. The RNA‐Seq libraries yield 417 969 980 clean reads. The de novo assembly generated 115 112 unigenes, of which 57 906 unigenes were annotated. Finally, we identified 273 cytochrome P450s, 178 oxidases, 47 glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs), 166 glucosyltransferases (GTs) and 180 ABC transporter genes to determine the likely fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl metabolism‐related genes in R biotype. Twelve overlapping up‐regulated genes in the R biotype (fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl‐treated R/non‐treated R, fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl‐treated R/fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl‐treated S) were identified by RNA‐Seq and the results were validated using qRT‐PCR. Ten were identified as fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl metabolism‐related genes, including three P450s (homologous to CYP71D7, CYP99A2 and CYP71D10), one GST (homologous to GSTF1), two GTs (homologous to UGT90A1 and UGT83A1) and four oxidase genes.CONCLUSIONThis work demonstrates that the NTSR mechanism by means of enhanced detoxification of fenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl in American sloughgrass is very likely driven by herbicide metabolism related genes. The RNA‐Seq data presented here provide a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanism of NTSR in American sloughgrass. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Mild‐Temperature Solution‐Assisted Encapsulation of Phosphorus into ZIF‐8 Derived Porous Carbon as Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Yan Chengzhan , Zhao Huaping , Li Jun , Jin Huile , Liu Long , Wu Wanyi , Wang Jichang , Lei Yong , Wang Shun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe high theoretical capacity of red phosphorus (RP) makes it a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However, the large volume change of RP during charging/discharging imposes an adverse effect on the cyclability and the rate performance suffers from its low conductivity. Herein, a facile solution‐based strategy is exploited to incorporate phosphorus into the pores of zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF‐8) derived carbon hosts under a mild temperature. With this method, the blocky RP is etched into the form of polyphosphides anions (PP, mainly P5−) so that it can easily diffuse into the pores of porous carbon hosts. Especially, the indelible crystalline surface phosphorus can be effectively avoided, which usually generates in the conventional vapor‐condensation encapsulation method. Moreover, highly‐conductive ZIF‐8 derived carbon hosts with any pore smaller than 3 nm are efficient for loading PP and these pores can alleviate the volume change well. Finally, the composite of phosphorus encapsulated into ZIF‐8 derived porous carbon exhibits a significantly improved electrochemical performance as lithium‐ion battery anode with a high capacity of 786 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, a good stability within 700 cycles at 1 A g−1, and an excellent rate performance.
Bad smell detection using quality metrics and refactoring opportunities
Authors: Bafandeh Mayvan Bahareh , Rasoolzadegan Abbas , Javan Jafari Abbas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBad smells are bad practices in developing software. These poor solutions significantly influence the understandability and maintainability of source code. Therefore, bad smell detection plays a vital role in the refactoring, maintaining, and measuring the quality of large and complex software systems. Researchers believe that bad smells should be precisely identified and addressed. However, bad smell detection is complicated by issues such as informal and inconsistent specifications of bad smells and high false positive rates in the detection process, all of which affect the success rate in detection. In this paper, we present a new method to detect bad smells in code by addressing the aforementioned issues. Our proposed method is a multi‐step process using software quality metrics and refactoring opportunities. In this method, after obtaining the bad smell formal specifications based on software metrics, we utilize them to achieve a set of candidates for each bad smell. Afterwards, each of the instances will be examined and compared with the corresponding refactoring situations specified for that bad smell. This examination strikes out the false positives created in the previous step. The evaluation of this method on four open‐source systems demonstrates the improved effectiveness of bad smell detection in code.