bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Power Theft Detection Using Mean-Shift Clustering and Deep Learning in Smart Grid
Authors: Johncy G. , Anisha Felise A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Energy theft constitutes a major concern for the utility operators in these modern smart homes. The task of detecting and reducing the energy losses has been highly challenging due to insufficient inspection techniques. Energy distribution is comprised of Technical and Non-Technical Losses (NTL). Energy theft generates a major share of Non-Technical Losses which also prompts budgetary misfortunes for the service organizations. The data in the modern smart meters are transmitted in wireless mode. Therefore the smart homes are vulnerable to energy theft. Many new technologies have been adopted to resolve the issue of energy theft in Advance Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in Smart Grids. Consumption pattern must be derived to identify illegal energy consumers. Computational method has been derived to analyze and identify energy consumption patterns based on data mining techniques. Machine learning technique improves the got client energy utilization readings and guides them on contrasting irregularities in use. Deep Learning method as Convolution Neural Network is implemented on the activity of order methods on client energy utilization and illegal use of electricity and the amount of consumption by energy theft.
Electrical and Electrochemical studies of Polyurethane diol/Polycaprolactone-Iron Oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Suhasini A , Vinod Kumar K P , Sheela A Maria , SheenKumar N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Electrically conducting composite materials consisting of different weight percentage of iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed in Polyurethane diol/Polycaprolactone were prepared. As a function of temperature between 30-70°C and frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 1000 kHz the dielectric constant and conductivity of polymer nanocomposites were studied. The dielectric constant value increased with increase in temperature and decreased with increase in frequency. Conductivity was found to be in the order of 10-6 to 10-5 S/cm and increased with increase in temperature. Cyclic voltammetry investigations revealed that the material has the potential to perform as an alternative catalyst for fuel cell applications.
Experimental investigation on partial replacement of fine aggregate by the effect of Coal bottom ash in concrete
Authors: Devananth R , Karthikeyan V , Sujatha S , Anto J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The fine aggregate is one of the most important constituent in concrete. It will enhance the property like strength, thermal and elastic characteristic of concrete. Owing to minimize the use of “fine aggregate in concrete, the considered amount” of its weight has to be replaced with some other alternative material. Performance of the concrete becomes economically feasible when coal ash powder is used for concrete. “In this investigation, fine aggregate is replaced” with coal bottom ash in different proportions like 20%, 30% and 50%. The strength properties like compression and split tension were compared with two different days of curing. The result reveals the increased in compressive strength was found to vary from 13.2% to 45.57% and maximum split tensile strength was from 12.43% to 54.91% in 28 days of curing the concrete.
Predi-XY: a python program for automated generation of NICS-XY-scans based on an additivity scheme
Authors: Wahab Alexandra , Fleckenstein Felix , Feusi Stefan , Gershoni-Poranne Renana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic systems are prevalent in chemistry and materials science because their thermodynamic stability, planarity, and tunable electronic properties make them uniquely suited for various uses. These properties are closely linked to the aromaticity of the systems. Therefore, characterizing the aromatic behavior is useful for designing new functional compounds and understanding their reactivity. NICS-XY-scans are a popular and simple tool for investigating the aromatic trends in polycyclic systems. Herein we present Predi-XY: an automated system for generating NICS-XY-scans for polycyclic aromatic systems using an additivity scheme. The program provides the predicted scans at a fraction of the computational cost of a full quantum mechanical calculation and enables rapid comparison of various polycyclic aromatic systems.
Working Time Characteristics and Mental Health among Corrections and Transportation Workers
Authors: Cavallari Jennifer M , Garza Jennifer L , Ferguson Jacqueline M , Laguerre Rick A , Decker Ragan E , Suleiman Adekemi O , Dugan Alicia G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Mental health disorders are a leading cause of work disability and while the psychosocial workplace environment plays a critical role, working time characteristics are also implicated. We sought to examine the association between working time characteristics and mental health in a cohort of two unionized, full-time worker populations, correctional supervisors, and transportation maintainers.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional study design, we surveyed workers on working time characteristics across seven domains including length of the shift, the intensity or proximity of sequential shifts, the time of day, and social aspects of work hours including predictability, variability, control, and free time. Burnout symptoms (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory) and depressive symptoms (eight-item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were assessed along with the psychosocial work environment and health behaviors. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals after adjusting for age, gender, and company.

Results
A total of 318 workers were surveyed. The majority (72%) of workers reported a fixed shift. The prevalence of burnout symptoms was higher among workers reporting more frequent shift intensity (working 6 or more days in a row) (PR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.31; P = 0.04). Low psychological demands and high worker social support were associated with fewer burnout symptoms, independent of working time characteristics. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was higher in workers reporting more frequent unpredictable work (PR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.35; P = 0.04) and was lower among workers reporting increased schedule control (PR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96; P = 0.01). Higher worker social support as well as sufficient sleep and adequate exercise were associated with fewer depressive symptoms, independent of working time characteristics.

Conclusions
Different working time characteristics were associated with work-related mental health (i.e. burnout) as well as general mental health (i.e. depressive symptoms). Work intensity was associated with the prevalence of burnout symptoms and the results suggest that the mechanism may be through the need for recovery from the psychosocial exposures of work. Both schedule control and predictability were associated with depressive symptoms and the results suggest that work-life imbalance and lack of recovery may be implicated. Comprehensive prevention policies that consider work organization along with the psychosocial work environment and work-life balance may help to improve workers’ mental health.
Rehmannieae or Rehmanniaceae? Evidence from plastome sequences and floral morphology
Authors: Xia Zhi , Li Cui-Cui , Wen Jun , Wang Yin-Zheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRehmannia and Triaenophora form a clade and are widely accepted as being closely allied with Orobanchaceae in Lamiales. However, the taxonomic rank of this clade and its geographical origins are understudied and poorly known. The genera have together been recognized as Orobanchaceae tribe Rehmannieae or Rehmanniaceae. To re-evaluate the taxonomy and systematic position and affinities of these genera, we reconstructed a phylogenety using complete plastid genomes (plastomes) and performed an analysis of comparative floral development. Additionally, we investigated the geographical distributions of Rehmannia and Triaenophora to determine the centre of diversity and origin. The phylogenetic analyses showed that Rehmannia and Triaenophora formed a clade that is sister to all other Orobanchaceae. This relationship was also supported by fruit and floral morphological traits, such as capsules partly or half exserted from the persistent calyx tubes, reticulate testa of seeds, cochlear ascending corolla (rhinanthoid aestivation), late sympetalous corolla tube and axile placentation. In addition, the loss of the adaxial stamen leaving a gap at its expected initiation site and two lateral bracteoles in Rehmannia and Triaenophora may be derived or represent a phylogenetic transitional form in Lamiales. We suggest that Rehmannia and Triaenophora clade should be treated as Orobanchaceae tribe Rehmannieae rather than as a distinct family of Lamiales. The distribution pattern of Rehmannia and Triaenophora indicate that the Shennongjia-Wushan region in central China represents the geographical origin and centre of diversification of the genera.
Coughing as a potentially effective induction method of atrial tachycardia: a case report
Authors: Tonegawa-Kuji Reina , Yamagata Kenichiro , Kusano Kengo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Cough-induced atrial tachycardia (AT) is extremely rare and its electrical origin remains largely unknown. Atrial tachycardias triggered by pharyngeal stimulation, such as swallowing or speech, appears to be more common and the majority of them originate from the superior vena cava or right superior pulmonary vein (PV). Only one case of swallow-triggered AT with right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) origin has been reported to date.

Case summary
We present a case of a 41-year-old man with recurring episodes of AT in the daytime. He underwent electrophysiology study without sedation. Atrial tachycardia was not observed when the patient entered the examination room and could not be induced with conventional induction procedures. By having the patient cough periodically on purpose, transient AT with P-wave morphology similar to the clinical AT was consistently induced. Activation mapping of the AT revealed a centrifugal pattern with the earliest activity localized inside the RIPV. After successful radiofrequency isolation of the right PV, AT was no longer inducible.

Discussion
In the rare case of cough-induced AT originating from the RIPV, the proximity of the inferior right ganglionated plexi (GP) suggests the role of GP in triggering tachycardia. This is the first report that demonstrates voluntary cough was used to induce AT. In such cases that induction of AT is difficult using conventional methods, having the patient cough may be an effective induction method that is easy to attempt.
The Impact of Smoking and Obesity on Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Older Australians
Authors: Kingston Andrew , Byles Julie , Kiely Kim , Anstey Kaarin J , Jagger Carol 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Smoking and obesity are 2 modifiable risk factors for disability. We examine the impact of smoking and obesity on disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) at older ages, using 2 levels of disability.

Method
We used the DYNOPTA dataset, derived by harmonizing and pooling risk factors and disability outcomes from 5 Australian longitudinal aging studies. We defined mobility disability as inability to walk 1 km, and more severe (activities of daily living [ADL]) disability by the inability to dress or bathe. Mortality data for the analytic sample (N = 20 401; 81.2% women) were obtained from Government Records via data linkage. We estimated sex-specific total life expectancy, DFLE, and years spent with disability by Interpolated Markov Chain (IMaCh) software for each combination of smoking (never vs ever), obesity (body mass index ≥30 vs 18.5 to &lt;30), and education (left school age 14 or younger vs age 15 or older).

Results
Compared to those without either risk factor, high educated nonobese smokers at age 65 lived shorter lives (men and women: 2.5 years) and fewer years free of mobility disability (men: 2.1 years; women: 2.0 years), with similar results for ADL disability. Obesity had the largest effect on mobility disability in women; high educated obese nonsmoking women lived 1.3 years less than nonsmoking, not obese women but had 5.1 years fewer free of mobility disability and 3.2 fewer free of ADL disability. Differences between risk factor groups were similar for the low educated.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest eliminating obesity would lead to an absolute reduction of disability, particularly in women.
Folic Acid Supplementation in the Gestational Phase of Female Rats Improves Age-Related Memory Impairment and Neuroinflammation in Their Adult and Aged Offspring
Authors: Garcez Michelle Lima , Mina Francielle , Bellettini-Santos Tatiani , Ribeiro Fernanda Melo , Ghisi Frassetto Alessandra Zanette , Batista-Silva Hemily , da Luz Aline Pereira , Schiavo Gustavo Luiz , Medeiros Eduarda Behenck , Zabot Gabriel Casagrande , Canever Lara , Zugno Alexandra Ioppi , Budni Josiane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Folic acid (FA) supplementation is important during pregnancy to avoid malformations in the offspring. However, it is unknown if it can affect the offspring throughout their lives. To evaluate the offspring, female mother rats (dams) were separated into 5 groups: Four groups received the AIN-93 diet, divided into control and FA (5, 10, and 50 mg/kg), and an additional group received a FA-deficient diet, and the diet was performed during pregnancy and lactation. We evaluated the female offspring of these dams (at 2 and 18 months old). The aged offspring fed with FA-deficient diet presented habituation, spatial and aversive memory impairment and the FA maternal supplementation prevented this. The natural aging caused an increase in the TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the hippocampus from 18-month-old offspring. FA maternal supplementation was able to prevent the increase of these cytokines. IL-4 levels decreased in the prefrontal cortex from aged control rats and FA prevented it. FA deficiency decreased the levels of IL-4 in the hippocampus of the young offspring. In addition, natural aging and FA deficiency decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus and nerve growth factor levels in the prefrontal cortex and FA supplementation prevented it. Thus, the present study shows for the first time the effect of FA maternal supplementation on memory, cytokines, and neurotrophins in the aged offspring.
The Moderating Role of Views of Aging in the Longitudinal Relationship Between Physical Health and Mental Distress
Authors: Avidor Sharon , Palgi Yuval , Solomon Zahava 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Some degree of mental distress is commonly present in old age, and it is often exacerbated in later life following changes in physical health. This work presents in 2 studies among samples that have been exposed to stressful experiences in the past, a prospective examination of how the association between physical health and mental distress is attenuated by 2 forms of views on aging, evaluations of age, and evaluations of one’s future.

Method
Study 1 (N = 226) was conducted in 2008 (Time 1) and 2014 (Time 2), among Israeli war veterans (mean age 64.90, SD = 5.04); Study 2 (N = 132) was conducted in 2014 (Time 1) and 2015 (Time 2) among older adults who were exposed to ongoing rocket fire in the south of Israel (mean age 66.44, SD = 9.77). Participants reported on their subjective age, subjective life expectancy (SLE [in Study 1]/distance to death [DtD; in Study 2]), health, and mental distress.

Results
Both studies showed that after controlling for exposure to trauma and for Time 1 mental distress, Time 1 subjective age, but not SLE/DtD, moderated the association between Time 1 physical health and Time 2 mental distress.

Discussion
Subjective age and SLE represent distinct features of views of aging. Subjective age may reflect perceptions of one’s aging process, associated more directly with health-related outcomes over time. SLE reflects future, death-related perceptions, therefore perhaps less directly associated with such outcomes.
Following Instructions in Working Memory: Do Older Adults Show the Enactment Advantage?
Authors: Coats Rachel O , Waterman Amanda H , Ryder Fiona , Atkinson Amy L , Allen Richard J 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesIn young adults, the ability to verbally recall instructions in working memory is enhanced if the sequences are physically enacted by the participant (self-enactment) or the experimenter (demonstration) during encoding. Here we examine the effects of self-enactment and demonstration at encoding on working memory performance in older and younger adults.MethodFifty young (18–23 years) and 40 older (60–89 years) adults listened to sequences of novel action-object pairs before verbally recalling them in the correct order. There were three different encoding conditions: spoken only, spoken + demonstration, and spoken + self-enactment. We included two different levels of difficulty to investigate whether task complexity moderated the effect of encoding condition and whether this differed between age groups.ResultsRelative to the spoken only condition, demonstration significantly improved young and older adults’ serial recall performance, but self-enactment only enhanced performance in the young adults, and this boost was smaller than the one gained through demonstration.DiscussionOur findings suggest that additional spatial-motoric information is beneficial for older adults when the actions are demonstrated to them, but not when the individual must enact the instructions themselves.
Changes in Self-estimated Step-Over Ability Among Older Adults: A 3-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Sakurai Ryota , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Ogawa Susumu , Higuchi Takahiro , Imanaka Kuniyasu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
There is a growing body of literature examining age-related overestimation of one’s own physical ability, which is a potential risk of falls in older adults, but it is unclear what leads them to overestimate. This study aimed to examine 3-year longitudinal changes in self-estimated step-over ability, along with one key risk factor: low frequency of going outdoors (FG), which is a measure of poor daily physical activity.

Method
This cohort study included 116 community-dwelling older adults who participated in baseline and 3-year follow-up assessments. The step-over test was used to measure both the self-estimated step-over bar height (EH) and the actual bar height (AH). Low FG was defined as going outdoors either every few days or less at baseline.

Results
The number of participants who overestimated their step-over ability (EH &gt; AH) significantly increased from 10.3% to 22.4% over the study period. AH was significantly lower at follow-up than at baseline in both participants with low and high FGs. Conversely, among participants with low FG, EH was significantly higher at follow-up than at baseline, resulting in increased self-estimation error toward overestimation. Regression model showed that low FG was independently associated with increased error in estimation (i.e., tendency to overestimate) at follow-up.

Discussion
The present study indicated that self-overestimated physical ability in older adults is not only due to decreased physical ability but also due to increased self-estimation of one’s ability as a function of low FG. Active lifestyle may be critical for maintaining accurate estimations of one’s own physical ability.
Affective Polarization in Political and Nonpolitical Settings
Authors: Rudolph Thomas J , Hetherington Marc J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe seek to understand the extent to which affective polarization is driven by in-group love or out-group hate and whether it varies across context. The answer may, in turn, allow us to evaluate how well the fundamental premises of social identity theory mesh with different manifestations of affective polarization. Using an experiment to analyze partisans’ trust judgments, we find that the amount of affective polarization and the dominant mechanism underlying it varies by context—whether political or nonpolitical. We find that affective polarization is nearly twice as strong in political settings as in nonpolitical settings. In addition, although affective polarization reflects a blend of both in-party love and out-party hate in both contexts, we find that in-party love is the more dominant source of polarization in nonpolitical settings while out-party hate is the more dominant source in political settings. The latter finding causes us to question how well-suited social identity theory is for understanding polarization in the political sphere.
Reliable, Rapid, and Robust Speciation of Arsenic in Urine by IC-ICP-MS
Authors: Wegwerth Peter J , Erdahl Sarah A , Wermers Michelle L , Hanley Matthew M , Eckdahl Steve J , Jannetto Paul J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Arsenic is a naturally occurring element with varying species and levels of toxicity. Inorganic arsenic (e.g., arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV)) are toxic, while its metabolites (e.g., monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA)) are less toxic). Symptoms of exposure can include headaches, confusion, diarrhea, and drowsiness. As these symptoms overlap with many other conditions, arsenic exposure can often be overlooked as a cause. Arsenic toxicity may be treated with chelation and/or electrolyte replacement therapy. However, treatment is not without risks and is unnecessary for exposure to organic (nontoxic) forms of arsenic. This makes screening and differentiation of arsenic important for clinical testing.

Method
An IC-ICP-MS method was developed using a Dionex 5000 with ion exchange chromatography for separation and iCAP Q for detection. Nontoxic species are arsenobetaine and arsenocholine, and toxic species are AsIII, DMA, MMA, and AsV.

Results
Precision, linearity, and specificity studies produced acceptable results. For accuracy, proficiency testing and method comparison samples were analyzed and produced acceptable results. Carryover studies demonstrated single species carryover from the diluter at levels of 500 µg/L, which can be avoided by analysis rules in the standard operating procedure. Limit of detection studies yielded a lower limit of quantitation of 1 µg/L per species.

Conclusions
Here, we present a rapid and reliable method for quantifying and differentiating toxic and nontoxic forms of arsenic to allow for swift and appropriate management of patients with exposure.