bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overall assessment system of combined mammography and ultrasound for breast cancer screening in Japan
Authors: Ohnuki Koji , Tohno Eriko , Tsunoda Hiroko , Uematsu Takayoshi , Nakajima Yasuo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMammography is the only screening method with evidence in support of reduced breast cancer mortality, but yields poor accuracy outcomes in women with dense breast tissue. The Japan Strategic Anti-cancer Randomized Trial (J-START) was conducted as part of the measures implemented to deal with women with dense breast tissue. Although the sensitivity was increased, the specificity was significantly lower in the intervention group because further examination was required in all positive cases classified by either mammography or ultrasound in the J-START. To address the issue, an overall assessment system of combined mammography and adjunctive ultrasound for breast cancer screening has been developed in Japan. The basic concept is based on a comprehensive assessment that includes a mammography assessment followed by an adjunctive assessment for ultrasound similar to the clinical setting. Currently, mammography alone is recommended for population-based breast cancer screening in Japan, but additional ultrasonography is extensively available for women, especially for women with dense breasts with shared decision-making for personalized breast cancer screening. The overall assessment system is recommended for use in Japan when breast cancer screening is conducted using both mammography and ultrasonography. In this article, we summarize the advantages of the overall assessment and the simultaneous mammography/ultrasound method, the basic approach used in Japan to assign the overall assessment category for breast cancer screening, and we outline the future directions of adjunctive screening ultrasound.
Evaluation of the role of CD47 in sickle cell disease
Authors: Eldakhakhny Basmah , Al Sadoun Hadeel , Taleb Nehal Bin , Nori Dunya Ahmed , Helmi Nawal , Ahmed Iffat Mirza , Bakhrebah Muhammed A. , Abdulaal Wesam H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCD47 is a self-marker expressed on the surface of RBCs and work to prevent the process of phagocytosis. SIRPα is the ligand of CD47 that is expressed on the surface of phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, to control the removal of dead/diseased cells. This study aimed to examine the expression of CD47 on RBCs and SIRPα on PBMC cells in SCD patients and the apoptosis of SCD RBCs. We also measured the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SCD patients and correlated it with the cell surface marker expression of CD47 and SIRPα to determine whether CD47 and/or SIRPα played a role in promoting the pro-inflammatory phenotype in SCD. Whole blood samples were drawn from SCD patients, and healthy control and PBMC were isolated and stained with SIRPα. Change in CD47, apoptosis by annexin V marker, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured and correlation among these variants was determined. The expression of CD47 was significantly decreased and the apoptosis was increased in RBCs of SCD patients. A higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1β, was found in SCD patients and IL-1β was found to be inversely correlated with SIRPα expression. Our data showed that CD47 of erythrocytes of SCD samples is reduced and that the apoptosis is increased in those patients. Based on the role of CD47, we suggest that increased apoptosis in SCD would be impacted by the reduced level of CD47. An inverse relationship was found between SIRPα marker on PBMC and the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SCD.
Pattern recognition-based decoding method for the negative pulsed downlink signal with a narrow pulse width
Authors: Wu Jiafeng , Zhao Shuxing , Jiang Jianming , Zhou Botao , Han Ning , Qin Dongli , Wang Ruihe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe negative pulsed downlink communication system is used to send surface control commands to the downhole rotary steering tool at thousands of meters, which is a significant part of the current rotary steering technology. At present, the transmission efficiency of negative pulsed downlink communication is very low, and only simple control commands can be transmitted in a few minutes, which limits the development of rotary steering technology with complex control functions. To improve the transmission rate of the downlink system, the downlink pulse width needs to be shortened. However, due to the influence of signal transmission characteristics, the waveform of a narrow pulse width signal will be severely distorted, which increases the difficulty of decoding the downlink signal. Therefore, a decoding method based on pattern recognition for negative pulsed downlink signal with narrow pulse width is proposed in this paper, which establishes a Euclidean distance matrix model between similar characteristic signal segments on the rising or falling edge of the downlink signal, the pulse coding timing of among the signal segment with each rising or falling edge is analyzed, the decoding and recognition of the downlink instruction are achieved, which solves the problem of large timing deviation in decoding the downlink signal with a current threshold method. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve accurate decoding of the 6 s pulse width downlink signal. Compared with the threshold method, it can be seen that the decoding accuracy of the method proposed in this paper can be greatly improved, and the smaller the signal pulse width, the more significant the advantage.
Infill drilling and well placement assessment for a multi-layered heterogeneous reservoir
Authors: Syed Fahad I. , Negahban Shahin , Dahaghi Amirmasoud K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an assessment of infill drilling opportunities in a complex multi-layered heterogeneous carbonate formation located in Abu Dhabi offshore. The subject field was developed last century and is currently undergoing further development with line drive horizontal wells. The field is being redeveloped for improved oil recovery at higher production rates with long horizontal wells. An infill assessment process is defined using sector model reservoir simulations for the specific reservoir. Reservoir simulations are performed on pattern sector models to establish the optimum grid for infill evaluation. Also, the models with an appropriate grid size are used to optimize infill placement (vertical and lateral well placement) and infill drilling timing for a couple of geologically similar areas. In the second step, the sector model results are applied to test the full-field infill development plan. The relatively homogeneous geological area shows very uniform displacement with 1-km spaced wells and gives no considerable benefit of incremental recovery through infill drilling. However, in a comparatively heterogeneous geological area, considerable incremental oil recovery is quantified. In brief, this paper presents a detailed infill drilling and well placement assessment process workflow for the re-development of a multi-layered heterogeneous reservoir.
Single particle dual plasmonic effect for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Prasetio Adi , Kim Soyeon , Jahandar Muhammad , Lim Dong Chan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncorporating localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) into organic solar cells (OSCs) is a popular method for improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by introducing better light absorption. In this work, we designed a one-pot synthesis of Ag@SiO2@AuNPs dual plasmons and observed an immense increase in light absorption over a wide range of wavelengths. Ag@SiO2 plays the main role in enhancing light absorption near the ultraviolet band. The silica shell can also further enhance the LSP resonance effect and prevent recombination on the surface of AgNPs. The AuNPs on the Ag@SiO2 shell exhibited strong broad visible-light absorption due to LSP resonance and decreased light reflectance. By utilizing Ag@SiO2@AuNPs, we could enhance the light absorption and photoinduced charge generation, thereby increasing the device PCE to 8.57% and Jsc to 17.67 mA cm−2, which can be attributed to the enhanced optical properties. Meanwhile, devices without LSPR nanoparticles and Ag@SiO2 LSPR only showed PCEs of 7.36% and 8.18%, respectively.
RIP1-dependent linear and nonlinear recruitments of caspase-8 and RIP3 respectively to necrosome specify distinct cell death outcomes
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhong Chuan-Qi , Wu Rui , Xu Xiaozheng , Yang Zhang-Hua , Cai Shaowei , Wu Xiurong , Chen Xin , Yin Zhiyong , He Qingzu , Li Dianjie , Xu Fei , Yan Yihua , Qi Hong , Xie Changchuan , Shuai Jianwei , Han Jiahuai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere remains a significant gap in our quantitative understanding of crosstalk between apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. By employing the SWATH-MS technique, we quantified absolute amounts of up to thousands of proteins in dynamic assembling/de-assembling of TNF signaling complexes. Combining SWATH-MS-based network modeling and experimental validation, we found that when RIP1 level is below ~1000 molecules/cell (mpc), the cell solely undergoes TRADD-dependent apoptosis. When RIP1 is above ~1000 mpc, pro-caspase-8 and RIP3 are recruited to necrosome respectively with linear and nonlinear dependence on RIP1 amount, which well explains the co-occurrence of apoptosis and necroptosis and the paradoxical observations that RIP1 is required for necroptosis but its increase down-regulates necroptosis. Higher amount of RIP1 (>~46,000 mpc) suppresses apoptosis, leading to necroptosis alone. The relation between RIP1 level and occurrence of necroptosis or total cell death is biphasic. Our study provides a resource for encoding the complexity of TNF signaling and a quantitative picture how distinct dynamic interplay among proteins function as basis sets in signaling complexes, enabling RIP1 to play diverse roles in governing cell fate decisions.
A Probe-Shaped Sensor With FBG and Fiber-Tip Bubble for Pressure and Temperature Sensing
Authors: Liu Bonan , Luo Junxian , Liu Shen , Chen Yanping , Huang Bo , Liao Changrai , Wang Yiping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA probe-shaped sensor for simultaneous temperature and pressure measurement was reported in this article. The effective length of the sensor was ∼2mm, consisting of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) with a nano silica diaphragm. The response sensitivities of the sensor for pressure and temperature were measured as −0.98 nm/MPa and 11.10 pm/°C, respectively. This sensor had an extremely low cross-sensitivity between pressure and temperature, which provided a significant potential in dual-parameter sensing.
Determination of sulfonamide residues in animal foodstuffs by magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction using magnetic carbon nanocomposites coupled with ion pair-dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction combined with HPLC-DAD
Authors: Yazdanfar Najmeh , Shamsipur Mojtaba , Ghambarian Mahnaz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, magnetic-dispersive solid-phase extraction coupled with ion pair-dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction (MSPE-i-DLLME) was used to the pre-concentration and extraction of five sulfonamides residues (sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfacetamide, sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole) in animal foodstuffs. The sulfonamides are extracted using magnetic carbon nanocomposite and then eluted with acetonitrile. In the DLLME step, the target analytes are collected in 1-octanol containing 10% Aliquat-336 (as extraction solvent). Finally, the compounds are quantified by HPLC with DAD detection. The extraction parameters optimized using the one at the time and central composite design methods. Under the optimized conditions: sample solution volume was 100 mL; initial pH: 12, amounts of MCNs: 30 mg; desorption solvent (ACN) volume, 1 mL; desorption condition, 10 min sonication at two step; extraction solvent (1-octanol + 10% aliquat) volume, 115 µL; pH of DLLME step, 3; salt effect, 24.6%, (w/v) NaCl; centrifuge, 5 min, 4000 rpm. In these extraction conditions, the proposed procedure represented good pre-concentration factors between 130 and 490; detection limits in the range from 0.01 to 5 μg kg−1 (at S/N = 3), and linear response in the 0.1–400 μg kg−1 concentration range. The method is successfully applied to the determination of sulfonamides residues in animal foodstuffs.
Toward complete area coverage of a reconfigurable tiling robot by following obstacle shape
Authors: Samarakoon S. M. Bhagya P. , Muthugala M. A. Viraj J. , Le Anh Vu , Elara Mohan Rajesh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractComplete area coverage is a crucial factor for a floor cleaning robot. Self-reconfigurable tiling robots have been introduced over robots with a fixed shape for floor cleaning since they improve the area coverage by the flexibility of shape-shifting in cluttered environments. The existing coverage methods of reconfigurable tiling robots follow the tiling theory to cope with the area coverage problem. However, these methods merely consider a limited set of predefined shapes for the reconfiguration of a robot. The consideration of a limited set of predefined shapes for the reconfiguration impedes the ability of coverage to a certain extent in typical floor environments. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method to improve area coverage of a tiling robot by reconfiguring according to the shape of obstacles. To this end, the required hinge angles for reconfiguring per the shape of an obstacle are determined by a genetic algorithm. The proposed method considers an optimized shape for reconfiguration in lieu of a limited set of predefined shapes. The coverage improvement of the proposed concept has been compared against the existing coverage methods of tiling robots to validate the performance. According to the experimental results, the proposed method surpasses the existing coverage methods of tiling robots from the perspective of area coverage, and the improvement is significant and noteworthy.
In situ Reduction of Silver Nanoparticles on Chitosan Hybrid Copper Phosphate Nanoflowers for Highly Efficient Plasmonic Solar-driven Interfacial Water Evaporation
Authors: Zhang Mei , Xu Wanghuai , Li Minfei , Li Jiaqian , Wang Peng , Wang Zuankai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe development of water purification device using solar energy has received tremendous attention. Despite extensive progress, traditional photothermal conversion usually has a high cost and high environmental impact. To overcome this problem, we develop a low cost, durable and environmentally friendly solar evaporator. This bi-layered evaporator is constructed with a thermal insulating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane as a bottom supporting layer and plasmonic silver nanoparticles decorated micro-sized hybrid flower (Ag/MF) as a top light-to-heat conversion layer. Compared with the sample with a flat silver film, the two-tier Ag/MF has a plasmonic enrichment property and high efficiency in converting the solar light to heat as each flower can generate a microscale hotspot by enriching the absorbed solar light. On the other hand, the PVDF membrane on the bottom with porous structure not only improves the mechanical stability of the entire structure, but also maintains a stable water supply from the bulk water to the evaporation interface by capillarity and minimizes the thermal conduction. The combination of excellent water evaporation ability, simple operation, and low cost of the production process imparts this type of plasmonic enhanced solar-driven interfacial water evaporator with promising prospects for potable water purification for point-of-use applications.
Kelvin–Helmholtz‐Related Turbulent Heating at Saturn's Magnetopause Boundary
Authors: Delamere P. A. , Ng C. S. , Damiano P. A. , Neupane B. R. , Johnson J. R. , Burkholder B. , Ma X. , Nykyri K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the grand challenge problems of the giant planet magnetospheres is the issue of nonadiabatic plasma heating. Simple turbulent heating models consider the energy cascade rate from one scale to another where the energy density is based on perpendicular magnetic fluctuations of counterpropagating Alfvén waves. Analytical expressions from turbulence theory for the heating rate density have yielded promising results for the observed ion heating at Jupiter and Saturn. Here, we compare ion heating using hybrid simulations of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and analytical estimates in an effort to validate turbulence theory and further understand the nature of the ion heating. Heating rate densities ∼10−15 W/m3 are produced in our three‐dimensional Kelvin–Helmholtz simulations during the nonlinear growth phase and compare favorably with analytical estimates. Results targeting Saturn will be discussed in the broader context of radial plasma transport in the rapidly rotating magnetospheres.
The Fundamental Connections between the Solar System and Exoplanetary Science
Authors: Kane Stephen R. , Arney Giada N. , Byrne Paul K. , Dalba Paul A. , Desch Steven J. , Horner Jonti , Izenberg Noam R. , Mandt Kathleen E. , Meadows Victoria S. , Quick Lynnae C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver the past several decades, thousands of planets have been discovered outside our Solar System. These planets exhibit enormous diversity, and their large numbers provide a statistical opportunity to place our Solar System within the broader context of planetary structure, atmospheres, architectures, formation, and evolution. Meanwhile, the field of exoplanetary science is rapidly forging onward toward a goal of atmospheric characterization, inferring surface conditions and interiors, and assessing the potential for habitability. However, the interpretation of exoplanet data requires the development and validation of exoplanet models that depend on in situ data that, in the foreseeable future, are only obtainable from our Solar System. Thus, planetary and exoplanetary science would both greatly benefit from a symbiotic relationship with a two‐way flow of information. Here, we describe the critical lessons and outstanding questions from planetary science, the study of which are essential for addressing fundamental aspects for a variety of exoplanetary topics. We outline these lessons and questions for the major categories of Solar System bodies, including the terrestrial planets, the giant planets, moons, and minor bodies. We provide a discussion of how many of these planetary science issues may be translated into exoplanet observables that will yield critical insight into current and future exoplanet discoveries.
Precipitating Solar Wind Hydrogen at Mars: Improved Calculations of the Backscatter and Albedo With MAVEN Observations
Authors: Girazian Z. , Halekas J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOutside the Martian bow shock, charge exchange between solar wind protons and exospheric hydrogen produces energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) that travel toward Mars at the solar wind velocity. The penetrating ENAs deposit most of their energy near 150 km, but a fraction of them undergo enough collisions to be scattered back to space, resulting in a hydrogen albedo. Some of the penetrating ENAs are converted into protons upon reaching the collisional upper atmosphere. These protons can be measured by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN’s Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA) during periapsis passes, providing information about the penetrating and backscatter populations. In this work, we perform the first detailed analysis of the backscatter and albedo using SWIA observations. We find that our calculated backscatter energy spectra are consistent with model predictions and that, as expected, the penetrating and backscatter particle fluxes increase with solar wind speed and decrease with solar zenith angle (SZA). We also find that the albedo, which has an average value of 0.20 ± 0.16, decreases with solar wind speed and increases at high SZAs near the terminator.
A New Large‐Scale Map of the Lunar Crustal Magnetic Field and Its Interpretation
Authors: Hood Lon L. , Torres Cecilyn B. , Oliveira Joana S. , Wieczorek Mark A. , Stewart Sarah T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA new large‐scale map of the lunar crustal magnetic field at 30 km altitude covering latitudes from 65°S to 65°N has been produced using high‐quality vector magnetometer data from two complementary polar orbital missions, Lunar Prospector and SELENE (Kaguya). The map has characteristics similar to those of previous maps but better resolves the shapes and distribution of weaker anomalies. The strongest group of anomalies is located on the northwest side of the South Pole‐Aitken basin approximately antipodal to the Imbrium basin. On the near side, both strong isolated anomalies and weaker elongated anomalies tend to lie along lines oriented radial to Imbrium. These include named anomalies such as Reiner Gamma, Hartwig, Descartes, Abel, and Airy. The statistical significance of this tendency for elongated anomalies is verified by Monte Carlo simulations. Great circle paths determined by end points of elongated anomaly groups and the locations of five individual strong anomalies converge within the inner rim of Imbrium and intersect within the Imbrium antipode zone. Statistically significant evidence for similar alignments northwest of the Orientale basin is also found. The observed distribution of anomalies on the near side and the location of the strongest anomaly group antipodal to Imbrium are consistent with the hypothesis that iron from the Imbrium impactor was mixed into ejecta that was inhomogeneously deposited downrange in groups aligned radial to the basin and concentrated antipodal to the basin.
Adaptive dynamic range shift (ADRIFT) quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Toda Keiichiro , Tamamitsu Miu , Ideguchi Takuro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQuantitative phase imaging (QPI) with its high-contrast images of optical phase delay (OPD) maps is often used for label-free single-cell analysis. Contrary to other imaging methods, sensitivity improvement has not been intensively explored because conventional QPI is sensitive enough to observe the surface roughness of a substrate that restricts the minimum measurable OPD. However, emerging QPI techniques that utilize, for example, differential image analysis of consecutive temporal frames, such as mid-infrared photothermal QPI, mitigate the minimum OPD limit by decoupling the static OPD contribution and allow measurement of much smaller OPDs. Here, we propose and demonstrate supersensitive QPI with an expanded dynamic range. It is enabled by adaptive dynamic range shift through a combination of wavefront shaping and dark-field QPI techniques. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we show dynamic range expansion (sensitivity improvement) of QPI by a factor of 6.6 and its utility in improving the sensitivity of mid-infrared photothermal QPI. This technique can also be applied for wide-field scattering imaging of dynamically changing nanoscale objects inside and outside a biological cell without losing global cellular morphological image information.