bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance and Approach to Manner of Death Opinions in Opioid‐Related Deaths
Authors: Abiragi Michael , Bauler Laura D. , Brown Theodore 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe majority of opioid‐related deaths are accidental. However, the number of opioid‐related suicidal deaths is likely under recognized. Presented here is a case of suicide by heroin overdose. The manner of death would have likely been deemed accidental if not for critical information shared by the decedent’s family during follow‐up telephone interviews between the forensic pathologist and the decedent’s family, which included text messages that were sent by the decedent just before his death that were not known at the time of the initial medicolegal death scene investigation. This case highlights that when a forensic pathologist establishes an engaged relationship with the decedent’s family, the information elucidated can prove to be invaluable in reaching an informed opinion about the manner of death. For overdose cases, identifying an accurate manner of death allows the design of public health efforts that adequately address the health risks in the community. For aid in the determination of the manner of death for overdose cases, we propose a five‐step checklist that may assist forensic pathologists and medicolegal death investigators when approaching similar cases.
Feasibility of using narrow band imaging international colorectal endoscopic classification for diagnosing colorectal neoplasia in China: A multicenter pilot observational study
Authors: Zhang Qing Wei , Zhang Jing Jing , Yang Ai Ming , Sheng Jian Qiu , Liu Yu Lan , Li Zhao Shen , Chen Hai Ying , Feng Nan , Jiang Qing Wei , Jin Peng , Zhang Li Ming , Fu Hong Yu , Gao Yun Jie , Ge Zhi Zheng , Li Xiao Bo 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate whether Chinese endoscopists without narrow‐band imaging (NBI) experiences could achieve high accuracy in the real‐time diagnosis of colorectal polyps using NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification after web‐based training.MethodsAltogether 15 endoscopists from five centers with no NBI experiences followed a short, web‐based training program on the NICE classification and took web‐based test. Their performances were compared with 15 matched experienced endoscopists with no NBI experience who received no NBI training. These 15 trained endoscopists then made real‐time diagnoses of colorectal neoplasia. A logistic regression was used to assess potential predictors of diagnostic performance.ResultsCompared with those who received no training, trained endoscopists achieved comparable overall accuracy (85.3% vs 83.1%, P = 0.408) and accuracy at a high‐confidence level (87.0% vs 86.0%, P = 0.670), but had a higher confidence rate (86.1% vs 83.7%, P = 0.004) for the diagnosis of neoplasia. Real‐time diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 94.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91.5%‐96.2%), 96.2% (95% CI 93.4%‐97.9%) and 85.3% (95% CI 74.8%‐92.1%) at high‐confidence level. The high‐confidence level was the strongest predictor of real‐time diagnostic accuracy (odds ratio 12.66, P < 0.001).ConclusionsWeb‐based training can improve the confidence level of endoscopists in accurately diagnosing colorectal polyps using the NICE classification. Chinese endoscopists can achieve high accuracy in diagnosing colorectal neoplasia at a high confidence level (ClinicalTrials ID: NCT02033980).
Clinicopathological features and outcomes of parenchymal rejection in liver transplant biopsies
Authors: Fels Elliott Daffolyn Rachael , Tavakol Mehdi , Lucas Calixto‐Hope , Sheahon Kathleen , Kakar Sanjay , Hameed Bilal , Ferrell Linda D , Gill Ryan M 
Published: January 2020

AimsThe aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive retrospective analysis of liver transplant biopsies with parenchymal rejection (PR) at our institution, including histological features, laboratory values and follow‐up biopsies, and to compare PR with portal‐based acute cellular rejection (ACR).Methods and resultsBiopsies from 173 patients were evaluated (retrospective database search 1990–2017), including 49 isolated PR, 35 PR with portal ACR (PR/ACR), 34 mild ACR and 52 moderate ACR cases. The rise and fall of serum liver enzymes was calculated as a measure of acute liver injury and response to immunotherapy, respectively. Isolated PR was associated with delayed‐onset acute rejection (P < 0.001), as well as younger age (P = 0.004), and showed a similar rise in liver enzymes to mild ACR. PR/ACR and moderate ACR showed the highest elevations in transaminases (P < 0.05). Isolated PR on an initial biopsy was associated with recurrent episodes of PR (P = 0.01), chronic ductopaenic rejection (P = 0.002) and chronic vascular rejection (P = 0.017). Immunohistochemistry for C4d was performed, and strong C4d staining of venules was only detected in one severe isolated PR case (one of three, 33%) and one moderate ACR case (one of 20, 5%).ConclusionsIsolated PR represents a form of late acute rejection with distinct clinical and histological features. There is value in reporting PR in liver transplant biopsies to identify patients at higher risk of developing recurrent PR and chronic rejection. Standardisation of terminology and histological criteria of PR can help in uniform reporting and ensure appropriate management.
Management of facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin in a paediatric hospital
Authors: Ritwik Priyanshi , Fallahi Susan , Yu Qingzhao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFacial cellulitis of odontogenic origin (FCOO) can lead to systemic complications in children. Research on factors leading to improvement of outcomes is limited.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate patient characteristics, treatment modalities (antibiotics and route of administration), length of stay in the hospital, time till definitive treatment, and factors related to early treatment of FCOO.DesignA retrospective review was performed to identify children presenting to the emergency department of a paediatric hospital with FCOO over a 5‐year period. Data were extracted from records of included patients.ResultsSixty‐four records were included for analysis with mean age of 8.19 ± 4.5 years. Significantly more patients received clindamycin (79.7%) than penicillin‐based antibiotic (18.8%) with P < .0001. Forty‐four (68.8%) children were admitted to the hospital and received parenteral clindamycin. The average hospital stay was 2.5 ± 1.2 days, and average days till dental treatment was 5.2 ± 8.9 days. Children who received intravenous antibiotic or had a primary tooth involved received dental treatment sooner, with P = .0036 and P = .03, respectively.ConclusionsOral antibiotics were prescribed for children who were discharged from the emergency department. Children who received intravenous antibiotics or had an infected primary tooth received early definitive treatment.
An effective algorithm for flexible assembly job‐shop scheduling with tight job constraints
Authors: Lin Wenhui , Deng Qianwang , Han Wenwu , Gong Guiliang , Li Kexin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThus far, the available works on the flexible assembly job‐shop scheduling problem (FAJSP) consider job processing and assembly separately. However, in some real production systems, if equipment is composed of thousands of jobs and assembled in many stages, some jobs and assemblies cannot be processed simultaneously. Therefore, this work proposes an FAJSP with tight job constraints (FAJSP‐JC) in which jobs and assemblies can be processed simultaneously, and each assembly is treated as an operation. A job constraint genetic algorithm (JCGA) is presented to solve the proposed FAJSP‐JC with the goal of minimizing the makespan. In the JCGA, a novel two‐dimensional encoding method (2D‐encoding) is designed to conveniently express the operating constraints and tight job constraints, and an effective decoding method is proposed to decode the 2D‐encoded information. Furthermore, a crossover operator and a mutation operator are designed to improve the computational efficiency and expand the solution space. Ten benchmark instances of the FAJSP‐JC are constructed to test the JCGA. The Taguchi method is used to obtain the best combination of the key parameters that are used in the JCGA. Computational experiments carried out confirm that the JCGA is able to easily obtain better solutions compared to the genetic algorithm (GA) with a division encoding method and the classical GA, demonstrating its superior performance over these algorithms in terms of both solution quality and computational efficiency.
Fabrication and optical properties of Tb3+‐doped NaCaPO4 glass‐ceramics and their radiation detection applications
Authors: Xu Jie , Chen Zhaoyang , Gai Minqiang , Liu Ting , Fan Yanwei , He Chengfa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTb3+‐doped 25Na2O‐23CaO‐6P2O5‐44B2O3‐2ZrO2 glass was fabricated by conventional melt‐quenching technique. Glass‐ceramics containing NaCaPO4 crystals were then obtained by heating the as‐prepared glasses. Their optical and luminescence properties were studied by FT‐IR spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), absorption spectra, thermoluminescence (TL), and optically stimulated luminescence in continuous wave modality (CW‐OSL). The glasses were composed of [PO4], [BO3], and [BO4] basic structural units. The PL excitation and emission spectra exhibited Tb3+‐related transitions, as well as the strongest excitation and emission wavelengths at 370 and 454 nm, respectively. We further investigated the CW‐OSL properties as a function of dopant concentration and time elapsed after irradiation (signal fading). Results indicated that the CW‐OSL intensity reached a maximum when the Tb4O7 concentration was 0.25 mol%. The fading of the OSL signal showed that the OSL signal of Tb3+‐doped NaCaPO4 glass‐ceramics was approximately 65% in 8 days, after which the intensity remained stable. The TL glow curves had a broad peak feature peaking at 180 ± 5ºC. The samples also exhibited good signal reusability and a broad linear dose‐response range (0.03‐1000 Gy). The excellent luminescent and dosimetric properties of these Tb3+‐doped NaCaPO4 glass‐ceramics indicated their potential applications in radiation dosimetry.
New records and range extension of the Portuguese dogfish Centroscymnus coelolepis in the south‐western Atlantic Ocean, with comments on its morphology
Authors: Mas Federico , Forselledo Rodrigo , Domingo Andrés , Pin Oscar , Troncoso Pablo , Errico Eugenia , Marquez Alejandro , Tanaka Sho , Weigmann Simon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Portuguese dogfish Centroscymnus coelolepis is a wide‐ranging deep‐water shark and a common by‐catch component of the catches of several mid‐ to deep‐water fisheries. In the present study, two new records from the south‐western Atlantic Ocean are reported based on specimens caught by bottom‐longline fishing vessels operating in the Argentinean–Uruguayan Common Fishing Zone. Species identification based on morphology and detailed morphometrics, as well as molecular data are presented for one of the specimens. The distribution of the species over the south‐western Atlantic is discussed on the basis of the available bibliography and a thorough revision of museum collections. The records presented here expand the species' previously acknowledged distribution southwards, from around 21° S to at least 38° S, suggesting it occurs continuously along the shelf break of eastern South America. However, given the limited access to specimens of deep‐water sharks in the region, the abundance and real extent of C. coelolepis distribution in the south‐western Atlantic as well as its interaction with deep‐water fisheries remain to be fully assessed.
High‐pressure processing of pea protein–starch mixed systems: Effect of starch on structure formation
Authors: Sim Shaun Y.J. , Moraru Carmen I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work explores the structural effects of high‐pressure processing (HPP) on starch in mixed pea protein–starch systems of varying concentrations. Reconstituted pea protein concentrate containing 9, 12, and 15% (w/w) protein, without added starch or in combination with 4 or 8% (w/w) pea starch, respectively, were subjected to HPP at 600 MPa for 4 min, at 5°C. Structural changes were investigated using dynamic rheology, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of starch enabled the formation of weak gels, at protein concentrations below the minimum required for gelation. Above the minimum protein concentration for gelation, starch addition resulted in stronger gels. Starch acted mainly as a filler in the pressure‐induced protein gel matrix, and starch granules remained intact after HPP. DSC analyses confirmed that starch remained ungelatinized after HPP, likely due to the limited availability of water in the mixed systems during HPP.Practical ApplicationsThe structure of pressure‐induced protein gels can be enhanced by adding starch. Besides being a low‐cost ingredient, starch remains ungelatinized after high‐pressure treatment, and thus can act like a fiber. Therefore, pressure‐treated protein–starch mixtures may lead to the development of low‐glycemic index, high‐protein products.
Effects of a Health Education Course on Pre‐Service Teachers' Perceived Knowledge, Skills, Preparedness, and Beliefs in Teaching Health Education
Authors: Vamos Sandra D. , Xie Xiuye , Yeung Paul 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn this study, we explore how a health education course may play a role in pre‐service teachers' perceptions in teaching and integrating health education activities to nurture K‐8 students' health literacy.METHODSWe used mixed methods to examine the effect of a health education course in a teacher education program. Of 55 pre‐service teachers, 41voluntarily participated in the study. Quantitative data were obtained through an online questionnaire administered to participants at the beginning and end of the course. We conducted 6 focus groups at the end of the course.RESULTSThe inferential analysis from a series of analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed significant differences in health knowledge (F = 113.39, p < .01, η2 = 0.74), preparedness (F = 104.74, p < .01, η2 = 0.73), attitudes (F = 15.02, p < .01, η2 = 0.28), and beliefs (F = 8.87, p < .01, η2 = 0.19) between time points. Qualitative data led to the conclusion that where one health education course is insufficient, such a course is the first step into future curriculum development and implementation.CONCLUSIONOne health education course might be beneficial for general education teachers to increase their knowledge and preparation to teaching school health. On‐going training is needed for program success.
Morphology, phylogeny and pathogenicity of Fusarium species from Sansevieria trifasciata in Malaysia
Authors: Kee Yee Jia , Zakaria Latiffah , Mohd Masratul Hawa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLeaf blight is a common disease affecting Sansevieria trifasciata in many countries, including Malaysia. In the present study, Fusarium isolates were consistently recovered from the diseased leaves collected from various locations throughout the country. Based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), intergenic spacer region (IGS) and translation elongation factor 1‐α (TEF1‐α) gene sequences, seven Fusarium species were identified, with F. oxysporum being the most prevalent (67.6%) among 34 isolates. Pathogenicity tests resulted in the discovery of pathogenic isolates that belonged to F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and F. pseudocircinatum, whereas all isolates of F. brachygibbosum, F. concentricum, F. mangiferae, and F. solani were nonpathogenic. The results suggest that several Fusarium species are accountable for causing disease on S. trifasciata in Malaysia.
Ralstonia solanacearum causing potato bacterial wilt: host range and cultivars’ susceptibility in Rwanda
Authors: Uwamahoro Florence , Berlin Anna , Bucagu Charles , Bylund Helena , Yuen Jonathan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMembers of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC), causing potato bacterial wilt or brown rot, are highly contagious and there are no known cultivars with durable resistance to the pathogen. This study hypothesized (a) that crops intercropped or rotated with potato, plants in the same family, and plants grown in the neighbouring fields can host the pathogen and they can be potential sources of primary inoculum, and (b) that potato cultivars currently multiplied by the public tissue culture laboratory in Rwanda are less susceptible to the pathogen. Fourteen plant species and potato, and nine potato cultivars were tested for susceptibility to an RSSC phylotype II strain under greenhouse conditions. The bacteria induced symptoms on potato, tomato, tree tomato, sweet pepper, and eggplant only. Among the plant species with symptoms, potato, tomato, and tree tomato wilted completely. There was a significant difference in days to symptom expression and to complete wilting (p < .0001). While all tested potato cultivars were found to be susceptible, the number of days to first symptom expression, days to complete wilting, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and the number and weight of harvested tubers varied considerably. Cultivars Cruza, Kinigi, and CIP‐58 were less susceptible whereas the cultivars Gikungu, Kirundo, and Victoria were highly susceptible. There is a strong need to search for other sources of resistance. The results indicate that some plant species that might serve as a reservoir of the bacterium should be avoided in the vicinity of potato crops.
Chicken seminal fluid lacks CD9‐ and CD44‐bearing extracellular vesicles
Authors: Alvarez‐Rodriguez Manuel , Ntzouni Maria , Wright Dominic , Khan Kabirul Islam , López‐Béjar Manel , Martinez Cristina A. , Rodriguez‐Martinez Heriberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe avian seminal fluid (SF) is a protein‐rich fluid, derived from the testis, the rudimentary epididymis and, finally, from the cloacal gland. The SF interacts with spermatozoa and the inner cell lining of the female genital tract, to modulate sperm functions and female immune responsiveness. Its complex proteome might either be free or linked to extracellular vesicles (EVs) as it is the case in mammals, where EVs depict the tetraspanin CD9; and where those EVs derived from the epididymis (epididymosomes) also present the receptor CD44. In the present study, sperm‐free SF from Red Jungle Fowl, White Leghorn and an advanced intercross (AIL, 12th generation) were studied using flow cytometry of the membrane marker tetraspanin CD9, Western blotting of the membrane receptor CD44 and electron microscopy in non‐enriched (whole SF) or enriched fractions obtained by precipitation using a commercial kit (Total Exosome Precipitation Solution). Neither CD9‐ nor CD44 could be detected, and the ultrastructure confirmed the relative absence of EVs, raising the possibility that avian SF interacts differently with the female genitalia as compared to the seminal plasma of mammals.
Factor structure of the Friends and Family interview
Authors: Psouni Elia , Breinholst Sonja , Hoff Esbjørn Barbara , Steele Howard 
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to specify the latent construct structure of the Friends and Family Interview (FFI: Steele & Steele, 2005) based on its dimensional scale coding protocol. The FFI is a semi‐structured interview measuring attachment in middle childhood. We analyzed data from 341 FFI interviews with children aged 7–12 years, recruited in the Scandinavian Öresund Region. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a three‐component model as best fitting the data. The first component, denoting attachment security, gathered all dimensional scales for evidence of secure base/safe haven regarding mother/father and coherence in the child’s narrative style, along with scales regarding reflective functioning, self‐perception, and social functioning. The second component comprised preoccupying feelings of anger, but also derogation. The third component gathered all scales coding idealization. Inter‐relations among the components were consistent with attachment theory, and respondents’ scores for all three components differed significantly across the four categorical attachment classifications. Affect regulation of negative emotion through anger and through derogation co‐occurred, and was distinct from regulation through maintaining a belief that things are better than they appear (idealization). These two affect regulation strategies appeared commonly when reflective functioning, and an organized self‐perception, and positive peer relations were less in evidence. The multi‐dimensional FFI coding system appears to measure successfully these diverse features of the child’s narrative provided in response to the interview. Overall, our findings support the construct validity of the FFI and provide further evidence of its usefulness for assessing attachment in middle childhood and early adolescence.
Co-gasification of Hydrochar and Petroleum Coke Blended With Different Ratios
Authors: Zhang Nan , Ning Xiaojun , Wang Guangwei , Zhang Jianliang , Guo Jian , Li Yanjiang , Liang Wang , Wang Chuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The co-gasification characteristics of petroleum coke (PC), hydrochar (PS), and their blends with different ratios were studied by using thermogravimetric analysis. The Coats–Redfern model was employed to calculate the gasification activation energies of different samples. The results manifested that the gasification process of PS and blends could be classified into two stages: pyrolysis and char gasification, but for PC, there was only one primary char gasification stage. The activation energy of the pyrolysis stage was significantly smaller than the char gasification stage. In the latter stage, with the increase in the ratio of PS from 20% to 80%, the activation energy was reduced from 114.1 kJ/mol to 82.8 kJ/mol, which indicated that the PS had a significant promoting influence on the PC gasification. The research results can provide a theoretical guiding significance for the efficient use of PS and PC.
Project L.E.E.P. (Leadership through Education, Experience and Photovoice): An Embedded Graduate Service-Learning Initiative
Authors: Johnson James E. 
Published: January 2020

Integration and consumption of sport are often used to build community identity, enhance health, and promote positive social interactions. Those benefits informed the purpose of this project, which was to integrate service-learning education and behaviors into a graduate sport management leadership course. Project L.E.E.P. (Leadership through Education, Experience, and Photovoice) benefitted local communities by providing an interactive service-learning project that was mutually beneficial to graduate students and surrounding community partners. Eleven graduate students in a sport administration leadership course partnered with different community sport organizations to execute a series of assignments designed to assess, plan, deliver, and reflect on more than 40 hr of sports service. Among those assignments was a photovoice project intended to capture service learning through the students’ perspectives and give voice to the sporting needs of a community. This project aligned with the experiential learning approach in many sport management programs, as well as the societal and service benefits outlined in the North American Society for Sport Management’s purpose and position statements.