bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of antiandrogens and feminization in transgender women
Authors: Angus Lachlan M. , Nolan Brendan J. , Zajac Jeffrey D. , Cheung Ada S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntiandrogens are frequently used with estradiol in transgender women seeking feminization. Antiandrogens act by various mechanisms to decrease the production or effects of testosterone, but it is unclear which antiandrogen is most effective at feminization. A systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines. We searched online databases (Medline, Embase and PsycINFO) and references of relevant articles for studies of antiandrogens in transgender women aged 16+ years to achieve feminization (namely changes in breast size, body composition, facial or body hair) or changes in serum total testosterone concentration when compared to placebo, estradiol alone or an alternative antiandrogen. Four studies fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in a narrative review. The addition of cyproterone acetate, leuprolide and medroxyprogesterone acetate may be more effective than spironolactone or estradiol alone at suppressing the serum total testosterone concentration. Body composition changes appear similar in transgender women treated with estradiol and additional cyproterone acetate or leuprolide. No eligible studies adequately evaluated the effects of antiandrogens on breast development or facial and body hair reduction. It remains unclear which antiandrogen is most effective at achieving feminization. Cyproterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate and leuprolide may be more effective than spironolactone at suppressing the serum total testosterone concentration. However, due to spironolactone's antagonism of the androgen receptor, it is unclear whether this results in clinically meaningful differences in feminization. Further research with clinically meaningful endpoints is needed to optimize the use of antiandrogens in transgender women.
Female adolescents with overweight and obesity share their perspectives on the clinical setting and weight management
Authors: Yerges April L. , Snethen Julia A. , Carrel Aaron L. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe clinical setting remains a strategic environment for early assessment, identification and treatment of adolescents with obesity. Yet, healthcare providers' (HCPs) efforts have been unsuccessful in improving physical activity, nutritional intake or body mass index in adolescents with obesity. Obesity is a chronic condition that influences how patients interact with HCPs and experience ambulatory healthcare appointments. However, it is unknown how female adolescents with obesity perceive the clinical setting, especially regarding weight management. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of female adolescents with obesity regarding health and weight management in the clinical setting. Using a qualitative design, 28 English‐speaking female adolescents, 13 to 19 years of age, with a body mass index ≥85th percentile for height and weight participated in individual interviews. Results demonstrate that adolescents with obesity desire to be recognized as unique individuals and to be involved in their own health conversations. The participants reported that their health care was inadequate when they received impersonal and vague advice from HCPs on weight loss. Weight‐related communication was best received in a kind and empathetic manner, with a focus on improving one's health (instead of losing weight). Adolescents in this study articulated the components of healthy eating and physical exercise, yet were unable to synthesize this knowledge into specific dietary practices and daily physical activities. The insights derived from female adolescents with obesity provide guidance on how HCPs can improve their relationship and engage the adolescent in weight‐based discussions. Concrete, actionable recommendations are provided for providers who work with female adolescents who are overweight or obese.
Medium‐term evolution in French national newspaper coverage of the interrelations between biodiversity and agriculture
Authors: Delclaux Julie , Fleury Philippe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAgricultural landscapes are sites of difficult trade‐offs between conservation and production objectives. The media play a part in shaping public opinion and policies and vice‐versa. In line with the constructionist approach to public problems, we analyzed the role of media in the problem‐framing of interrelations between biodiversity and agriculture. We investigated the medium‐term evolution in French national newspaper coverage of these interrelations using a content and time analysis over a 19‐year period (1999–2017). We applied a statistical method using IRaMuTeQ (interface of R) on seven daily newspapers (Le Monde, Libération, La Croix, Les Échos, Le Figaro, L'Humanité, and La Tribune; N = 2,547). Our results reveal the growing importance of agriculture in the public problem of biodiversity loss. The increase of agriculture/biodiversity coverage is driven by environmental issues and specific political events. However, the number of articles focused on biodiversity/agriculture dynamics remains low. Around 2007, the articles shifted from an international species‐centered view to a national and local human‐centered view. These evolutions in media‐coverage create a space for ecologists, social scientists, and agronomists to combine their approaches and to develop and communicate on new actions in favor of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.
Recent advances of quantitative modeling to support invasive species eradication on islands
Authors: Baker Christopher M. , Bode Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe eradication of invasive species from islands is an important part of managing these ecologically unique and at‐risk regions. Island eradications are complex projects and mathematical models play an important role in supporting efficient and transparent decision‐making. In this review, we cover the past applications of modeling to island eradications, which range from large‐scale prioritizations across groups of islands, to project‐level decision‐making tools. While quantitative models have been formulated and parameterized for a range of important problems, there are also critical research gaps. Many applications of quantitative modeling lack uncertainty analyses, and are therefore overconfident. Forecasting the ecosystem‐wide impacts of species eradications is still extremely challenging, despite recent progress in the field. Overall, the field of quantitative modeling is well‐developed for island eradication planning. Multiple practical modeling tools are available for, and are being applied to, a diverse suite of important decisions, and quantitative modeling is well placed to address pressing issues in the field.
Understanding drivers of human tolerance to gray wolves and brown bears as a strategy to improve landholder–carnivore coexistence
Authors: Marino Filippo , Kansky Ruth , Shivji Irene , Di Croce Antonio , Ciucci Paolo , Knight Andrew T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite recent recovery of large carnivores throughout Europe such as the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the gray wolf (Canis lupus), some of their populations are still threatened and their viability depends on human tolerance to share mixed landscapes. We investigated the drivers of landholders' tolerance in Abruzzo (Italy), a region with a long history of cohabitation, by applying the Wildlife Tolerance Model (WTM) (Kansky et al., 2016, Biological Conservation, 201, 137–145). Using structural equation modeling we assessed relationships between WTM variables. This framework hypothesizes that exposure to a species and experiences with a species drive perceptions of benefits and costs, and ultimately tolerance. We then sought to understand similarities and differences in tolerance drivers between the two species and across two areas that differed in the duration of human–carnivore cohabitation. Results showed both similarities and differences in drivers between species and areas, resulting in seven management proposals to foster tolerance. Increasing intangible benefits and positive experiences were two strategies that were similar for both species and areas, while five strategies differed across species and areas. Our methodological approach can be applied in other landscapes with other species to determine the extent to which multispecies management across landscapes is possible.
Spawning potential surveys in Fiji: A new song of change for small‐scale fisheries in the Pacific
Authors: Prince Jeremy , Lalavanua Watisoni , Tamanitoakula Jone , Tamata Laitia , Green Stuart , Radway Scott , Loganimoce Epeli , Vodivodi Tevita , Marama Kalisiana , Waqainabete Pitila , Jeremiah Frank , Nalasi Diana , Naleba Mosese , Naisilisili Waisea , Kaloudrau Uraia , Lagi Lepani , Logatabua Kalisiana , Dautei Rosemary , Tikaram Rahul , Sloan James , Mangubhai Sangeeta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCatastrophic overfishing of small‐scale coastal fisheries through the Pacific poses a major threat to regional food security and biodiversity. Globally, approaches to fisheries assessment and management that were developed for industrial fisheries, are failing small‐scale data‐poor fisheries. The Pacific Community has called for a complete rethink of fisheries methodologies for the region; a “new song” of change for small‐scale coastal fisheries. This article describes the application in Fiji of a new approach to facilitating coastal fisheries management reform. Spawning Potential Surveys (SPS) is a pragmatic multi‐disciplinary blend of sciences, that combines a new form of length‐based assessment and communication strategies informed by theories of behavior change, nudge and diffusion, that is initiated with programs of citizen science to inform policy development and catalyze broader societal change. Our project successfully coordinated Fiji‐based NGOs to work with the Ministry of Fisheries, communities, provincial government and supply chains, to collect the data needed to assess ~90% of the Fijian reef fish catch, conduct the analyses needed to develop new management policies, and build a broad consensus in society to support the ongoing reform process that has now been initiated by the Ministry. This project demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the SPS methodology for informing and motivating coastal fisheries reform in the Pacific, as well as the necessity of a long term and multi‐disciplinary approach to achieve the societal change needed.
Thyroid nodules 1 cm or less are related to Bethesda System nondiagnostic and suspicious for malignancy categories
Authors: Borges Felipe Abrantkoski , Camilo‐Júnior Deolino João , Xavier‐Júnior José Cândido Caldeira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the frequency of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytological results between nodules 1 cm or less and nodules greater than 1 cm.MethodsAll FNAs performed between January 2016 and December 2019 at an institute in Brazil were analysed. For each nodule, at least two conventional slides were produced (one stained by Giemsa and the other by hematoxylin and eosin). All cases were reviewed by two cytopathologists and were reported following the Bethesda System. Clinical information (gender and age) and ultrasound data (nodule size and location) were collected. The magnitude of association was measured using the prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) considering two groups of nodules: 1.0 cm or less, and greater than 1 cm.ResultsA total of 3703 nodules were analysed from 3265 patients (2906 women [88.48%], 359 men [11.51%], with a combined mean age of 52 years). Considering the prevalence ratio of Bethesda categories between these two groups of nodules, the nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory category (PR: 3.0, 95% CI: 2.2‐4.2) and the suspicious for malignancy category (PR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4) were significantly associated with nodules measuring 1 cm or less.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that nodules 1 cm or less are significantly associated with the nondiagnostic and suspicious for malignancy categories of the Bethesda System when compared to nodules greater than 1 cm.
Reward‐Based Crowdfunding: The Role of Information Disclosure
Authors: Liu Jue , Liu Xiaofeng , Shen Houcai 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis article studies the role and value of information disclosure in a reward‐based crowdfunding campaign for a new product development (NPD) project under quality uncertainty. The creator sets a funding target that is subject to a minimum capital requirement and prices for a leading backer and a following backer arriving in two sequential periods. The backers form a prior belief about the quality of the product and update their valuation according to their private signals before they decide whether to bid for the products. The leading backer's bid, if disclosed, may be used by the subsequent backer to infer the former's private signal. We identify two interacting effects that drive the bidding decisions and the profitability of the campaign: an observational learning effect driven by information disclosure and a targeting effect. When the target is relatively high, information disclosure can always benefit the creator. When the target is relatively low, information disclosure may hurt the creator. The optimal target level is always equal to the minimum capital requirement. We further extend the analysis to a setting with a forward‐looking leading backer who may strategically wait and identify the conditions under which information disclosure can also increase the profitability of the campaign. Interestingly, to counteract the strategic delay, the optimal target can be set higher than the minimum capital requirement in the presence of information disclosure.
Omega‐3 fatty acids and neurocognitive ability in young people at ultra‐high risk for psychosis
Authors: McLaverty Alison , Allott Kelly A. , Berger Maximus , Hester Rob , McGorry Patrick D. , Nelson Barnaby , Markulev Connie , Yuen Hok Pan , Schäfer Miriam R. , Mossaheb Nilufar , Schlögelhofer Monika , Smesny Stefan , Hickie Ian B. , Berger Gregor Emanuel , Chen Eric Y. H. , de Haan Lieuwe , Nieman Dorien H. , Nordentoft Merete , Riecher‐Rössler Anita , Verma Swapna , Thompson Andrew , Yung Alison Ruth , Amminger G. Paul 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurocognitive impairments are core early features of psychosis and are observed in those at ultra‐high risk (UHR) for psychosis. The aim of the present study was to explore whether neurocognition is associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as has been observed in other clinical populations.MethodErythrocyte levels of total omega‐3‐and omega‐6 PUFAs the omega‐3/omega‐6 ratio, were measured in 265 UHR individuals. Six domains of neurocognition as well a Composite Score, were assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Pearson's correlations were used to assess the relationship between PUFAs and neurocognition. All analyses were controlled for tobacco smoking.ResultsVerbal Fluency correlated positively with eicosapentaenoic acid (P = .024) and alpha‐linolenic acid (P = .01), and negatively with docosahexanoic acid (P = .007) and Working Memory positively correlated with omega‐3/omega‐6 ratio (P = .007).ConclusionsThe current results provide support for a relationship between Verbal Fluency and omega‐3 PUFAs in UHR. Further investigation is required to elucidate whether these biomarkers are useful as risk markers or in understanding the biological underpinning of neurocognitive impairment in this population.
Diagnostic delay in ADHD: Duration of untreated illness and its socio‐demographic and clinical predictors in a sample of adult outpatients
Authors: Oliva Francesco , Malandrone Francesca , Mirabella Santina , Ferreri Paolo , di Girolamo Giulia , Maina Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the Duration of Untreated Illness (DUI) and its socio‐demographic and clinical predictors in a sample of adult ADHD outpatients.MethodsThe DUI of 150 adult outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of DSM‐IV ADHD was calculated. Non‐parametric tests were used to evaluate differences in DUI among subgroups and to build a correlation matrix. Subsequently, a multiple linear regression model was performed.ResultsThe median DUI was 17 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 14). DUI was longer in employed patients, those with a family history of ADHD, those with a history of major depressive disorder and those who had predominantly inattentive ADHD in childhood. The current age, age at administration of the first proper treatment and education level were correlated with DUI. Current age (63.3% of total variance), family history of ADHD and the presence of a predominantly inattentive type in childhood (together, 2.6% of total variance) were all predictors of DUI.ConclusionsInformation programmes for caregivers and training for health care professionals should be promoted to foster the early recognition of covert inattentive symptoms and shorten DUI.
E‐greening the planet
Authors: Zhong Hongtao , Dixon Kingsley W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnt Forest, a mobile app developed by the monolithic Alibaba Group, is greening individuals’ daily activities and transforming human capacity to reverse global environmental degradation. Over 500 million e‐trees are being cultivated every day in China using Ant Forest, and over 122 million real trees have been planted over more than 112 000 ha of degraded land. Ant Forest showcases how internet technology innovation combined with digital financing and philanthropy is contributing to solving environmental issues while attracting and retaining customer loyalty. This powerful business model has the potential to spread to all manner of environmental outcomes.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate monotherapy for adults with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy: An open‐label extension study
Authors: Trinka Eugen , Rocamora Rodrigo , Chaves João , Moreira Joana , Ikedo Fábio , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício ,   the BIA‐2093‐311/EXT Investigators Study Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) monotherapy during long‐term treatment.MethodsAn open‐label extension (OLE) study was conducted in adults completing a phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, noninferiority trial, during which they had received monotherapy with either once‐daily ESL or twice‐daily controlled‐release carbamazepine (CBZ‐CR) for newly diagnosed focal epilepsy. In the OLE study, all patients received ESL (800‐1600 mg/d) for 2 years. Primary efficacy outcome was retention time (from baseline of the OLE study). Secondary efficacy assessments included seizure freedom rate (no seizures during the OLE study) and responder rate (≥50% seizure frequency reduction from baseline of double‐blind trial). Safety assessments included evaluation of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsOf 206 randomized patients, 96 who received ESL in the double‐blind trial (ESL/ESL) and 88 who received CBZ‐CR in the double‐blind trial (CBZ‐CR/ESL) were treated with ESL monotherapy (89.3% overall). Treatment retention time was similar between groups, with low probability of ESL withdrawal overall (<0.07 at any time). After 24 months, the probability of ESL withdrawal was 0.0638 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0292‐0.1366) in the ESL/ESL group and 0.0472 (95% CI = 0.0180‐0.1210) in the CBZ‐CR/ESL group. Seizure freedom rates were 90.6% (ESL/ESL) and 80.7% (CBZ‐CR/ESL; P = .0531). Responder rates remained >80% in both groups throughout the study. Incidence of serious TEAEs was similar between groups (7.3% vs 5.7%; 0% vs 1.1% possibly related), as were the incidences of TEAEs considered at least possibly related to treatment (17.7% vs 18.2%) and TEAEs leading to discontinuation (3.1% vs 4.5%). The types of TEAEs were generally consistent with the known safety profile of ESL.SignificanceESL monotherapy was efficacious and generally well tolerated over the long term, including in patients who transitioned from CBZ‐CR monotherapy. No new safety concerns emerged.
Comprehensive review of the impact of direct oral anticoagulants on thrombophilia diagnostic tests: Practical recommendations for the laboratory
Authors: Siriez Romain , Dogné Jean‐Michel , Gosselin Robert , Laloy Julie , Mullier François , Douxfils Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a laboratory and clinical need to know the impact of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) on diagnostic tests to avoid misinterpretation of results. Although the regulatory labelling documents provide some information about the influences of each DOAC on diagnostic tests, these are usually limited to some of the most common tests and no head to head comparison is available. In this paper, we report the impact of DOACs on several thrombophilia tests, including assessment of antithrombin, protein S and protein C activity assays, detection of activated protein C resistance and assays used for lupus anticoagulant. Results are compared and discussed with data obtained from literature. The final goal of this comprehensive review is to provide practical recommendations for laboratories to avoid misdiagnosis due to oral direct factor Xa (FXa) or IIa (FIIa) inhibitors. Overall, oral direct FXa (apixaban, betrixaban, edoxaban and rivaroxaban) and FIIa (dabigatran) antagonists may affect clot‐based thrombophilia diagnostic tests resulting in false‐positive or false‐negative results. An effect on FIIa‐based thrombophilia diagnostic tests is observed with dabigatran but not with anti‐FXa DOACs and conversely for FXa‐based thrombophilia diagnostic tests. No impact was observed with antigenic/chromogenic methods for the assessment of protein S and C activity. In conclusion, interpretation of thrombophilia diagnostic tests results should be done with caution in patients on DOACs. The use of a device/chemical compound able to remove or antagonize the effect of DOACs or the development of new diagnostic tests insensitive to DOACs should be considered to minimize the risk of false results.
R2 and the corporate signaling effect
Authors: Hao Wei , Wongchoti Udomsak , Young Martin , Chen Jianguo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIf corporate announcements provide additional signals about firms' future prospects, the degree of investors' dependency on these news should vary with the relative importance of firm‐specific information on such publicly traded firms. We show that price, volume and volatility reactions to dividend change announcements are significantly stronger for less synchronized firms (e.g., low R2 stocks). This indicates that lower R2 stocks are less informative and thus more surprises on firm‐specific news are experienced. These findings are particularly strong for dividend decrease announcements. We also show that signals about firms' earnings prospects from dividend decrease announcements are more reliable among these companies.