bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the Testers: Are Young Men Who Have Sex With Men Receiving Adequate HIV Testing and Counseling Services?
Authors: Bauermeister José A. , Golinkoff Jesse M. , Lin Willey Y. , Claude Kristina F. , Horvath Keith J. , Dowshen Nadia , Schlupp Anderson , Vickroy William J. , Desir Kimberly , Lopez Alexander V. , Castillo Marné , Tanney Mary , Wimbly Taylor A. , Leung Kingsley , Sullivan Patrick S. , Santiago Dalisa L. , Hernandez Rogelio , Paul Mary E. , Hightow-Weidman Lisa , Lee Sonia , Stephenson Rob 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention promote HIV testing every 6 months among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) to facilitate entry into the HIV prevention and care continuum. Willingness to be tested may be influenced by testing services' quality. Using a novel mystery shopper methodology, we assessed YMSM's testing experiences in 3 cities and recommend service delivery improvements.

Methods:
We assessed YMSM's experiences at HIV testing sites in Philadelphia (n = 30), Atlanta (n = 17), and Houston (n = 19). YMSM (18–24) were trained as mystery shoppers and each site was visited twice. After each visit, shoppers completed a quality assurance survey to evaluate their experience. Data were pooled across sites, normed as percentages, and compared across cities.

Results:
Across cites, visits averaged 30 minutes (SD = 25.5) and were perceived as welcoming and friendly (70.9%). YMSM perceived most sites respected their privacy and confidentiality (84.3%). YMSM noted deficiencies in providers' competencies with sexual minorities (63.4%) and comfort during the visit (65.7%). Sites underperformed on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender visibility (49.6%) and medical forms inclusivity (57.95%). Sites on average did not discuss YMSM's relationship context (49.8%) nor provide risk reduction counseling (56.8%) or safer sex education (24.3%). Sites delivered pre-exposure prophylaxis information and counseling inconsistently (58.8%).

Conclusions:
Testing sites' variable performance underscores the importance of improving HIV testing services for YMSM. Strategies are recommended for testing sites to promote cultural sensitivity: funding staff trainings, creating systems to assess adherence to testing guidelines and best practices, and implementing new service delivery models.
Pregnancy Coercion as a Risk Factor for HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young African American Women
Authors: Capasso Ariadna , DiClemente Ralph J. , Wingood Gina M. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Pregnancy coercion (PC), defined as a restriction of women's reproductive autonomy, may be associated with increased HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk. However, there are few empirical studies defining the association between PC and HIV risk, particularly among vulnerable African American women.

Setting and Methods:
African American women (N = 560), ages 17–24, completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview assessing PC prevalence and its association with HIV/STI risk. Women were screened for prevalent STIs using polymerase chain reaction assays. Multivariate logistic and linear regressions evaluated the association of PC and multiple HIV/STI risk-associated outcomes.

Results:
Women who had experienced PC in the last 3 months, relative to those not experiencing PC, were 78% more likely to test positive for an STI [adjusted odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10 to 2.90]. Among women who experienced PC, odds of noncondom use in their last sexual encounter were 3.45-fold greater relative to women not experiencing PC (95% CI = 1.55 to 7.85). Women who experienced PC had lower condom use intentions (coefficient, −1.31, P = 0.002), greater fear of condom negotiation, and perceived more barriers to condom use (coefficients, 3.89 and 5.74, respectively, both P < 0.001). Women who experienced PC had 1.98 (95% CI = 1.22 to 3.21) and 1.82 (95% CI = 1.09 to 3.04) odds of depression and HIV worry relative to women not experiencing PC.

Conclusion:
Among African American women, PC was associated with a range of adverse sexual health outcomes and HIV/STI-related behaviors and attitudes. The findings underscore the need for promoting gender-equitable social norms in HIV prevention interventions.
Using Interrupted Time Series Analysis to Measure the Impact of Legalized Syringe Exchange on HIV Diagnoses in Baltimore and Philadelphia
Authors: Ruiz Monica S. , O'Rourke Allison , Allen Sean T. , Holtgrave David R. , Metzger David , Benitez Jose , Brady Kathleen A. , Chaulk C. Patrick , Wen Leana S. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Syringe exchange programs (SEP) reduce HIV incidence associated with injection drug use (IDU), but legislation often prohibits implementation. We examined the policy change impact allowing for SEP implementation on HIV diagnoses among people who inject drugs in 2 US cities.

Setting:
Philadelphia, PA, and Baltimore, MD.

Methods:
Using surveillance data from Philadelphia (1984–2015) and Baltimore (1985–2013) for IDU-associated HIV diagnoses, we used autoregressive integrated moving averages modeling to conduct 2 tests to measure policy change impact. We forecast the number of expected HIV diagnoses per city had policy not changed in the 10 years after implementation and compared it with the number of observed diagnoses postpolicy change, obtaining an estimate for averted HIV diagnoses. We then used interrupted time series analysis to assess the immediate step and trajectory impact of policy change implementation on IDU-attributable HIV diagnoses.

Results:
The Philadelphia (1993–2002) model predicted 15,248 new IDU-associated HIV diagnoses versus 4656 observed diagnoses, yielding 10,592 averted HIV diagnoses over 10 years. The Baltimore model (1995–2004) predicted 7263 IDU-associated HIV diagnoses versus 5372 observed diagnoses, yielding 1891 averted HIV diagnoses over 10 years. Considering program expenses and conservative estimates of public sector savings, the 1-year return on investment in SEPs remains high: $243.4 M (Philadelphia) and $62.4 M (Baltimore).

Conclusions:
Policy change is an effective structural intervention with substantial public health and societal benefits, including reduced HIV diagnoses among people who inject drugs and significant cost savings to publicly funded HIV care.
Sir Harold Delf Gillies—The Surgeon Artist
Authors: Gebran Selim G. , Nam Arthur J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Harold Gillies, a plastic surgeon who created the discipline of plastic surgery and trained hundreds of young surgeons, was foremost an artist. In a short historical perspective, we illustrate this facet of the Gillies' life through a friendship with the British ecologist William Sladen and a painting that Gillies drew during their encounters.
Coupling functions in climate
Authors: Moon Woosok , Wettlaufer John S. 
Published: October 2019

We examine how coupling functions in the theory of dynamical systems provide a quantitative window into climate dynamics. Previously, we have shown that a one-dimensional periodic non-autonomous stochastic dynamical system can simulate the monthly statistics of surface air temperature data. Here, we expand this approach to two-dimensional dynamical systems to include interactions between two sub-systems of the climate. The relevant coupling functions are constructed from the covariance of the data from the two sub-systems. We demonstrate the method on two tropical climate indices, the El-Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), to interpret the mutual interactions between these two air–sea interaction phenomena in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The coupling function reveals that the ENSO mainly controls the seasonal variability of the IOD during its mature phase. This demonstrates the plausibility of constructing a network model for the seasonal variability of climate systems based on such coupling functions.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Coupling functions: dynamical interaction mechanisms in the physical, biological and social sciences’.
Identification of the coupling functions between the process and the degradation dynamics by means of the variational Bayesian inference: an application to the solid-oxide fuel cells
Authors: Dolenc Boštjan , Juričić Đani , Boškoski Pavle 
Published: October 2019

Understanding the way in which the degradation of a system's component is coupled to the system's dynamics is highly relevant for the monitoring and control of modern engineering systems. This paper focuses on the identification of coupling functions that describe the relationship between the system's dynamics and the degradation rate in solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks. Based on the degradation dynamics estimated from data acquired online, we can design timely mitigation actions as well as optimal maintenance interventions. We introduce a computationally tractable identification approach that takes into account prior knowledge of the form of the coupling function that is found experimentally for a certain degradation mechanism. The nonlinear coupling function is estimated using variational Bayesian inference. The approach is tested on a 1600 h recording from a SOFC system. It is shown that the use of the prior form of the coupling function results in a superior prediction of the degradation, when compared with that obtained using purely data-driven black-box models. The reliable convergence of the variational Bayesian method and the simplicity of its implementation make it a promising tool for the in-field performance monitoring of SOFC systems.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Coupling functions: dynamical interaction mechanisms in the physical, biological and social sciences’.
Distinct roles of BRCA2 in replication fork protection in response to hydroxyurea and DNA interstrand crosslinks
Authors: Rickman Kimberly A. , Noonan Ray , Lach Francis P. , Sridhar Sunandini , Wang Anderson T. , Abhyankar Avinash , Kelly Michael , Auerbach Arleen D. , Smogorzewska Agata 
Published: October 2019

SummaryDNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are a form of DNA damage that requires the interplay of a number of repair proteins including those of the Fanconi anemia (FA) and the homologous recombination (HR) pathways. Pathogenic variants in the essential gene BRCA2/FANCD1, when monoallelic, predispose to breast and ovarian cancer, and when biallelic, results in a severe subtype of Fanconi anemia. BRCA2 function in the FA pathway is attributed to its role as a mediator of the RAD51 recombinase in HR repair of the programmed DNA double strand breaks (DSB). BRCA2 and RAD51 functions are also required to protect stalled replication forks from nucleolytic degradation during response to hydroxyurea (HU). While RAD51 has been shown to be necessary in the early steps of ICL repair to prevent aberrant nuclease resection, the role of BRCA2 in this process has not been described. Here, based on the analysis of BRCA2 DNA binding domain (DBD) mutants discovered in FA patients presenting with atypical FA-like phenotypes, we establish that BRCA2 is necessary for protection of DNA at an ICL. Cells carrying DBD BRCA2 mutations are sensitive to ICL inducing agents but resistant to HU treatment consistent with relatively high HR repair in these cells. BRCA2 function at an ICL protects against DNA2-WRN nuclease-helicase complex and not the MRE11 nuclease implicated in the resection of HU-stalled replication forks. Our results also indicate that unlike the processing at HU-stalled forks, function of the SNF2 translocases (SMARCAL1, ZRANB3, or HLTF), implicated in fork reversal, are not an integral component of the ICL repair, pointing to a different mechanism of fork protection at different DNA lesions.
Chemogenomic screening Identifies the Hsp70 Co-chaperone HDJ2 as a Hub for Anticancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Nitika  , Blackman Jacob S. , Knighton Laura E. , Takakuwa Jade E. , Calderwood Stuart K. , Truman Andrew W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an important molecular chaperone that regulates oncoprotein stability and tumorigenesis. However, attempts to develop anti-chaperone drugs targeting molecules such as Hsp70 have been hampered by toxicity issues. Hsp70 is regulated by a suite of co-chaperone molecules that bring “clients” to the primary chaperone for efficient folding. Therefore, rather than targeting Hsp70 itself, here we have examined the feasibility of inhibiting the co-chaperone HDJ2, a member of the J domain protein family, as a novel anticancer strategy. We found HDJ2 to be upregulated in a variety of cancers, suggesting a role in malignancy. To confirm this role, we screened the NIH Approved Oncology collection for chemical-genetic interactions with loss of HDJ2 in cancer. 41 compounds showed strong synergy with HDJ2 loss, whereas 18 dramatically lost potency. Several of these hits were validated using a HDJ2 inhibitor (116-9e) in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell (CRPC) and spheroid models. Taken together, these results confirmed that HDJ2 is a hub for anticancer drug resistance and that HDJ2 inhibition may be a potent strategy to sensitize cancer cells to current and future therapeutics.Graphical AbstractHDJ2 knockout or inhibition via small molecule impacts cellular resistance to anticancer therapeutics.
Novel roles of Kinesin-13 and Kinesin-8 during cell growth and division in the mossPhyscomitrella patens
Authors: Leong Shu Yao , Edzuka Tomoya , Goshima Gohta , Yamada Moé 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKinesin-13 and -8 are well-known microtubule (MT) depolymerases that regulate MT length and chromosome movement in animal mitosis. While much is unknown about plant Kinesin-8,Arabidopsisand rice Kinesin-13 have been shown to depolymerise MTsin vitro. However, mitotic function of both kinesins has yet to be understood in plants. Here, we generated the complete null mutants in plants ofKinesin-13and-8in the mossPhyscomitrella patens. Both kinesins were found to be non-essential for viability, but theKinesin-13knockout (KO) line had increased mitotic duration and reduced spindle length, whereas theKinesin-8KO line did not display obvious mitotic defects. Surprisingly, spindle MT poleward flux, for which Kinesin-13 is responsible for in animals, was retained in the absence of Kinesin-13. Concurrently, MT depolymerase activity of either moss kinesins could not be observed, with MT catastrophe inducing (Kinesin-13) or MT gliding (Kinesin-8) activity observedin vitro. Interestingly, both KO lines showed waviness in their protonema filaments, which correlated with positional instability of the MT foci in their tip cells. Taken together, the results suggest that plant Kinesin-13 and -8 have diverged in both mitotic function and molecular activity, acquiring new roles in regulating MT foci positioning for directed tip-growth.One sentence summaryThis study uncovered the roles of Kinesin-13 and Kinesin-8 in regulating microtubule dynamics for mitotic spindle formation and straight tip cell growth in the moss Physcomitrella patens
Leishmaniainfection triggers hepcidin-mediated proteasomal degradation of Nramp1 resulting in increased phagolysosomal iron availability
Authors: Banerjee Sourav , Datta Rupak 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNatural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) was discovered as a genetic determinant of resistance against multiple intracellular pathogens, includingLeishmania. It encodes a transmembrane protein of the phago-endosomal vesicles, where it functions as an iron transporter. But how Nramp1 expression is regulated in an infected macrophage is unknown. Its role in controlling iron availability to the intracellular pathogens and in determining the final outcome of an infection also remains to be fully deciphered. Here we report that Nramp1 protein abundance undergoes temporal changes inLeishmania majorinfected macrophages. At 12 hours post infection, there was drastic lowering of Nramp1 level accompanied by increased phagolysosomal iron availability and enhanced parasite growth.Leishmaniainfection-induced downregulation of Nramp1 was found to be caused by ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. In fact, blocking of Nramp1 degradation with proteasome inhibitor resulted in depletion of phagolysosomal iron pool with significant reduction in the number of intracellular parasites. Further, we uncovered that this degradation process is mediated by the iron regulatory peptide hormone hepcidin that binds to Nramp1. Interestingly, Nramp1 protein level was restored to normalcy after 30 hours of infection with a concomitant drop in the phagolysosomal iron level, which is suggestive of a host counter defense strategy to deprive the pathogen of this essential micronutrient. Taken together, our study implicates Nramp1 as a central player in the host-pathogen battle for iron. It also unravels Nramp1 as a novel partner for hepcidin. The hitherto unidentified ‘hepcidin-Nramp1 axis’ may have a broader role in regulating macrophage iron homeostasis.ImportanceLeishmaniaparasites are the causative agents of a group of neglected tropical diseases called leishmaniasis. They reside within the phagolysosomes of mammalian macrophages. Since iron is an essential micronutrient for survival and virulence, intracellularLeishmaniamust acquire it from the tightly regulated macrophage iron pool. How this challenging task is accomplished remains a fundamental question inLeishmaniabiology. We report here thatLeishmania majorinfection caused ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1). Nramp1 being an iron exporter at the phago-endosomal membrane, its degradation resulted in increased phagolysosomal iron availability thereby stimulating parasite growth. We also uncovered that Nramp1 degradation is controlled by the iron regulatory peptide hormone hepcidin. Interestingly, at a later stage of infection, Nramp1 protein level was restored to normalcy with simultaneous depletion of phagolysosomal iron. Collectively, our study implicates Nramp1 as a central player in the host-pathogen struggle for acquiring iron.
Impact of substrate-template stability, temperature, phosphate location, and nick-site base pairs on non-enzymatic DNA ligation: Defining parameters for optimization of ligation rates and yields with carbodiimide activation
Authors: Obianyor Chiamaka , Newnam Gary , Clifton Bryce , Grover Martha A. , Hud Nicholas V. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTNon-enzymatic, chemical ligation is an important tool for the generation of synthetic DNA structures, which are used for a wide range of applications. Surprisingly, reported chemical ligation yields range from 30% to 95% for the same chemical activating agent and comparable DNA structures. We report a systematic study of DNA ligation using a well-defined bimolecular test system and water-soluble carbodiimide (EDC) as a phosphate-activating agent. Our results reveal interplay between template-substrate stability and the rates of the chemical steps of ligation, which can cause yields to increase or decrease with increasing temperature. Phosphate location at the nick site also exhibits a strong influence on ligation rates and yields, with a 3’ phosphate providing yields near 100% after 24 hours for particularly favourable reaction conditions, while comparable reactions with the phosphate on the 5’ position of the nick site only reach 40% ligation even after 48 hours. Ligation rates are also shown to be sensitive to the identity of base pairs flanking a nick site, with some varying by more than three-fold. Finally, DNA substrate modification by EDC can, in some cases, make long reaction times and repeated addition of EDC an ineffective strategy for increasing ligation yields.
Critical reflection in leadership development
Authors: Wu Yingting , Crocco Oliver 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper explores the role of critical reflection in the context of leadership development and how it is measured. The purpose of this paper is to review theoretical and empirical research that captures the application of critical reflection in leadership development.Design/methodology/approachThis study is an integrative literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles on critical reflection in leadership development. The search revealed 172 peer-reviewed journal articles based on the search terms. The authors conducted a staged review of the abstracts and identified a final sample of 27 empirical articles and 12 non-empirical articles for review.FindingsThe findings of this review show that critical reflection is an essential tool for leadership development and has been utilized in a variety of ways and through multiple theoretical perspectives. Despite being relied on heavily in leadership development, the measurement for critical reflection is not well established in the literature.Originality/valueThe researchers propose a conceptual model that integrates the phases and levels of critical reflection as well as the desired outcomes in leadership development. Implications for leadership development are also discussed.
Unveiling the key features of a positive service experience at hostels
Authors: Veríssimo Medéia , Costa Carlos 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to unveil the factors that contribute to a positive hostel experience by electing key features and describing their nature from a customer perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses an exploratory, empirical approach, applying netnography to collect information about guests’ experiences from the five selected top-rated hostels in Europe and Latin America. A content analysis of 500 positive reviews was conducted exploring the critical features of service experience in hostel sector. Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro were selected for this study as they are among the destinations that have received top-rated hostel awards.

Findings
The findings reveal that a hostel experience carries a more symbolic than utilitarian meaning, especially in relation to its social dimension. Results indicate that a hostel stay is positively enhanced by ten key features, namely, staff, supplementary services (e.g. social activities), facilities, location, atmosphere, guests’ interactions, cleanliness, design and decoration, value for money and safety. Staff, supplementary services and facilities were the most mentioned hostel features, which emphasizes their potential to create a favourable environment for social interactions.

Research limitations/implications
Findings are restricted to a limited sample size and geographical area. The main limitation of the study lies, though, in the lack of studies concerning the specific context of hostels within a service experience approach.

Practical implications
Some hostels renounce low-quality stigma to establish themselves as a “cool” type of tourist accommodation. Offering a stay based on good value for money and social atmosphere, these establishments are shaping the industry’s future by both redefining the contemporary hostel’s image and attending to modern travellers’ specific needs. Given the increasing importance of hostels to tourism, this study provides information to scholars and industry practitioners who are interested in understanding how service experience can be enhanced in the hospitality industry.

Originality/value
This paper is a preliminary in-depth examination of factors that positively influence a hostel stay from a customer experience perspective. Thus, it provides insights into service experience management for the tourist accommodation sector.