bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring perspectives on antimicrobial stewardship: a qualitative study of health managers in Kenya
Authors: Mbugua Samuel Mungai , Njoroge George , Kijogi Caroline , Kamita Moses , Kimani Rachel , Mwaura Peter , Aidi Bibianne Waiganjo , Gitaka Jesse 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is a significant public health concern with the establishment of antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals being increasingly obligatory. Perspectives and insights of health managers on antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), complementary health services and building blocks are imperative towards implementation of robust AMS programs. This study aimed to understand perspectives of hospital managers on AMS and identify areas of management engagement while addressing potential blockades to change.MethodsA cross-sectional, qualitative, multicenter study was conducted in three hospitals in Kenya. Key-informant interviews on perspectives on AMS were administered to hospital managers. Qualitative data was captured using audio tapes and field notes, transcribed and managed using NVivo 12 software. An iterative process was used to develop the thematic framework and updated in two rounds of iteration analysis. Analysis charts for each emergent theme were developed and categorized across all participants.ResultsPerspectives on AMS are described in five thematic categories; Importance of antimicrobial stewardship and the role of medicines and therapeutics committee, availability of antimicrobial formulary and usage surveillance systems, laboratory competency and recommendations for infection prevention and management, educational resources and communications channels available, building blocks and low-lying fruits for Antimicrobial Stewardship Committees. The role of stewardship collaboration in diagnosis and antimicrobial prescription was alluded to with managers indicating a growing rise in occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. There lacked contextualized, hospital specific antimicrobial formulary and adequate laboratory competency. Staff training and communication channels were available in varying capacity across the three hospitals. Building blocks identified include medicines and therapeutics committee, education, and training platforms (Continuous Medical Education and Continuous Professional Development activities) and hospital leadership commitment.ConclusionsThe practice of antimicrobial stewardship is not implemented and well developed as demonstrated by lack of core AMS complementary health services. However, the health managers are aware of the fundamental importance of antimicrobial stewardship programs and the vast benefits of implementation and institutionalization of AMS to hospitals and their clients. The findings underpin the importance of understanding and incorporating perspectives of health managers on existing contextual mechanisms that can be leveraged on to establish robust AMS programs in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Contralateral pupillary dilatation and hemiparesis: Kernohan’s notch revisited
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Kumar V. A. Kiran , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntracranial mass lesions can lead to transtentorial uncal herniation, and pupillary asymmetry is a well-recognized sign of impending cerebral herniation. Impending uncal herniation can lead to ipsilateral, bilateral, or uncommonly the contralateral pupillary dilatation. We report a case of a 22-year old, who had contralateral pupillary dilatation due to expanding intracranial mass lesion and recovered well after neurosurgical intervention. This case illustrates contralateral pupillary dilatation (“false-localizing” sign) in a sub-group of patients, and if untreated and ICP continues to rise, this is followed by ipsilateral pupil dilatation.
An English-language adaptation of the Interpersonal Trust Short Scale (KUSIV3)
Authors: Nießen Désirée , Beierlein Constanze , Rammstedt Beatrice , Lechner Clemens M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Interpersonal Trust Short Scale—the English-language adaptation of the Kurzskala Interpersonelles Vertrauen (KUSIV3)—measures interpersonal trust as a psychological disposition with just three items (completion time ~ 30 s). The items of the German-language source version were translated into English using the TRAPD approach. Our empirical validation based on a heterogeneous quota sample in the UK shows that all the reliability coefficients of the English-language adaptation and its correlations with external variables are satisfactory and comparable to those of the German-language source version. Moreover, the results of measurement invariance testing suggest that metric measurement invariance of the scale holds when comparing the UK and Germany, implying the comparability of correlations based on the latent factors across the two nations. As an ultra-short scale, KUSIV3 lends itself to the assessment of interpersonal trust particularly in survey contexts in which assessment time or questionnaire space are limited. It is applicable in a variety of research disciplines, including psychology, sociology, and economics.
Extending the global-direction stencil with “face-area-weighted centroid” to unstructured finite volume discretization from integral form
Authors: Kong Lingfa , Dong Yidao , Liu Wei , Zhang Huaibao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccuracy of unstructured finite volume discretization is greatly influenced by the gradient reconstruction. For the commonly used k-exact reconstruction method, the cell centroid is always chosen as the reference point to formulate the reconstructed function. But in some practical problems, such as the boundary layer, cells in this area are always set with high aspect ratio to improve the local field resolution, and if geometric centroid is still utilized for the spatial discretization, the severe grid skewness cannot be avoided, which is adverse to the numerical performance of unstructured finite volume solver. In previous work [Kong, et al. Chin Phys B 29(10):100203, 2020], we explored a novel global-direction stencil and combined it with the face-area-weighted centroid on unstructured finite volume methods from differential form to realize the skewness reduction and a better reflection of flow anisotropy. Greatly inspired by the differential form, in this research, we demonstrate that it is also feasible to extend this novel method to the unstructured finite volume discretization from integral form on both second and third-order finite volume solver. Numerical examples governed by linear convective, Euler and Laplacian equations are utilized to examine the correctness as well as effectiveness of this extension. Compared with traditional vertex-neighbor and face-neighbor stencils based on the geometric centroid, the grid skewness is almost eliminated and computational accuracy as well as convergence rate is greatly improved by the global-direction stencil with face-area-weighted centroid. As a result, on unstructured finite volume discretization from integral form, the method also has superiorities on both computational accuracy and convergence rate.
Planning for change: Transformation labs for an alternative food system in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Pereira Laura , Drimie Scott , Zgambo Olive , Biggs Reinette 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere has been a call for more participatory processes to feed into urban planning for more resilient food systems. This paper describes a process of knowledge co-production for transforming towards an alternative food system in Cape Town, South Africa. A ‘transformative space’ was created though a T-Lab process involving change-agents advocating for an alternative food system, and was designed to discuss challenges in the local food system from a range of perspectives, in order to co-develop potentially transformative innovations that could feed into government planning. In this paper, we describe and reflect on the T-lab in order to consider whether its design was able to meet its objective: to initiate an experimental phase of coalition-building by diverse actors that could feed into the provincial government’s strategic focus on food and nutrition security. Our findings indicate that T-labs have the potential to be important mechanisms for initiating and sustaining transformative change. They can be complementary to urban planning processes seeking to transform complex social-ecological systems onto more sustainable development pathways. However, as with all experimental co-production processes, there is significant learning and refinement that is necessary to ensure the process can reach its full potential. A key challenge we encountered was how to foster diversity and difference in opinions in the context of significant historical legacies of inequality, whilst simultaneously acting for ‘the common good’ and seeking ways to scale impact across different contexts. The paper concludes with deliberations on the nature of planning and navigating towards systemic transformative change.
Molecular docking and QSAR theoretical model for prediction of phthalazinone derivatives as new class of potent dengue virus inhibitors
Authors: Adawara Samuel Ndaghiya , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Mamza Paul Andrew , Ibrahim Abdulkadir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Dengue fever is a key public health unease in various tropical and sub-tropical regions. The improvement of existing agents that can inhibit the dengue virus is therefore of utmost importance. In this work, the QSAR study was carried out on 25 molecules of phthalazinone derivatives which have been reported to possess excellent dengue virus inhibitory activity. Density functional computational technique was used in the optimisation of the molecules with the basis set at theory level (B3LYP, 6-31G*) respectively. The multiple linear regression (MLR) model was built using genetic function approximation (GFA) in the material studio software package. Also, in this study, molecular docking simulation was carried between dengue virus serotype 2 protease (PDB CODE: 6mol) and some selected phthalazinone derivatives (compounds 1, 2, 7, 11, and 21).

Results
The model was robust as evidenced by validation and robustness statistical parameter which include predicted R2pred., adjusted R2adj., cross-validated Q2 and R2 regression coefficient, etc (R2pred. = 0.71922, R2adj. = 0.939699, Q2CV = 0.905909, R2 = 0.955567) respectively. The molecular docking studies conducted in this study have outlined the binding affinities of the selected compounds (1, 2, 7 11, and 21) which are all in good correlation with their respective pIC50 values. The free binding affinities of the selected compounds were found to be (− 8.7, − 8.8, − 8.7, − 8.3, and − 8.9 kcal/mol) respectively, compound 21 with the binding affinity of − 8.9 kcal/mol had the best binding free energy with the protease relative to other compounds under consideration.

Conclusion
The MLR-GFA model study alongside with the molecular docking analysis has essentially provided a valuable and in-depth understanding as well as knowledge for the development of novel chemical compounds with enhanced inhibitory potential against the dengue virus serotype 2 (DNV-2). Hence, the developed model can be applicable in predicting the anti-dengue activity of a new set of chemical compounds that fall within its applicability domain.
Comparison between male and female teachers in Egyptian primary schools regarding the effect of teaching on their voice
Authors: Zaky E. A. , Mamdouh H. , Maher A. , Khalaf Z. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTeachers are more likely to develop voice disorders compared to non-teachers in other occupations. Teachers are often cited as a high-risk group for vocal dysfunction as they use their voices extensively over their profession for instructing and managing students, also due to other extra loading factors, such as background noise, long speaking distance, poor room acoustics, and lack of adequate equipment, like voice amplifiers. The primary school teachers are particularly at risk as they have little opportunity for voice rest during the working day. Gender is another factor affecting incidence of voice disorders. Female teachers seem to be more affected by voice disorders than male teachers. The aim of our study was to compare between genders (male–female teachers) in primary schools to show the effect of teaching and other risk factors on their voice for proper management.ResultsThe study showed that there were statistically significant differences between male teachers and female teachers regarding history of voice change; female teachers had history of voice change more than male teachers. Female teachers suffered from emotional stress more than male teachers, and this affects their voice. In addition, study showed a significant association between the grade of dysphonia and VHI.ConclusionThere is evidence that female teachers are complaining more of voice change and suffering from voice disorders than males. Besides, female teachers are showing a higher degree of emotional stress. This may necessitate a combined assessment of the voice and psychological profile of all teachers with voice change.
High-flow nasal oxygen therapy versus conventional oxygen therapy and non-invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure and post-mechanical ventilation
Authors: Abo-Galala Mona M. A. , Galal Iman H. E. , Abdel-Fattah Eman B. , Kamel Basel B. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Oxygen therapy is essential in the management of patients with respiratory problem, including after endotracheal extubation. Conventional oxygen devices may be inadequate in patients requiring high inspiratory flow. HFNC has a growing place in the repertoire of respiratory therapies. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency, tolerability, and outcome of HFNC in patients with respiratory failure and post-mechanical ventilation patients in comparison to NIV and conventional oxygen devices.

Results
In case of respiratory failure patients, there was non-significant statistical difference between HFNC, conventional oxygen therapy and NIV, regarding the difference in ABGs, vital data, and dyspnea scores, at successive time points, except for PO2 after 30 min in patients received NIV, which was significantly higher. There was non-significant statistical difference between the three mentioned modalities of oxygen therapy regarding comfort and clinical outcome.
In case of post-extubation patients, there was non-significant statistical difference between the HFNC and conventional oxygen therapy regarding clinical parameters, comfort and outcome.

Conclusions
HFNC is comparable to conventional oxygen therapy in respiratory failure and post-extubation patients. HFNC is comparable to NIV in respiratory failure patients.
Quality care metrics (QC-M) in nursing and midwifery care processes: a rapid realist review (RRR) protocol
Authors: O'Connor Laserina , Coffey Alice , Lambert Veronica , Casey Mary , McNamara Martin , Teeling Sean Paul , O'Doherty Jane , Barnard Marlize , Corcoran Yvonne , Davies Carmel , Doody Owen , Frawley Timothy , O'Brien Denise , Redmond Catherine , Smith Rita , Somanadhan Suja , Noonan Maria , Bradshaw Carmel , Tuohy Dympna , Gallen Anne 
Published: November 2020

Background: In 2018, the Office of the Nursing and Midwifery Services Director (ONMSD) completed phase one of work which culminated in the development and launch of seven research reports with defined suites of quality care process metrics (QC-Ms) and respective indicators for the practice areas – acute care, midwifery, children’s, public health nursing, older persons, mental health and intellectual disability nursing in Ireland. This paper presents a rapid realist review protocol that will systematically review the literature that examines QC-M in practice; what worked, or did not work for whom, in what contexts, to what extent, how and why? Methods: The review will explore if there are benefits of using the QC-Ms and what are the contexts in which these mechanisms are triggered. The essence of this rapid realist review is to ascertain how a change in context generates a particular mechanism that produces specific outcomes. A number of steps will occur including locating existing theories on implementation of quality care metrics, searching the evidence, selecting relevant documents, data extraction, validation of findings, synthesising and refining programme theory. This strategy may help to describe potential consequences resulting from changes in context and their interactions with mechanisms. Initial theories will be refined throughout the process by the local reference panel, comprised of eight key intervention stakeholders, knowledge users such as healthcare professionals and an expert panel. Ethical approval is not required for this rapid realist review. Conclusion: It is anticipated that the final programme theory will help to explain how QC-Ms work in practice; for whom, why and in what circumstances. Findings of this review could help to give insights into realism as a framework and how nursing and midwifery QC-Ms have been implemented previously.
The potential for linking cohort participants to official criminal records: a pilot study using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Boyd Andy , Teyhan Alison , Cornish Rosie P. , Croft Jazz , Thomas Richard , Brennan Iain , Macleod John 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Linking longitudinal cohort resources with police-recorded records of criminal activity has the potential to inform public health style approaches and may reduce potential sources of bias from self-reported criminal data collected by cohort studies. A pilot linkage to police records in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) allows us to consider the acceptability of this linkage, its utility as a data resource, differences in self-reported crime according to consent status for data linkage, and the appropriate governance mechanism to support such a linkage. Methods: We carried out a pilot study that linked data from the ALSPAC birth cohort to Ministry of Justice (MoJ) records on criminal cautions and convictions. This pilot was conducted on a fully anonymous basis, meaning we cannot link the identified records to any participant or the wider information within the dataset. Using ALSPAC data, we used summary statistics to investigate differences in self-reported criminal activity according to socio-economic background and consent status. We used MoJ records to identify the geographic and temporal concentration of criminality in the ALSPAC cohort. Results: We found that the linkage appears acceptable to participants (4% of the sample opted out), levels of criminality are high enough to support research and that the majority of crimes occurred in Avon & Somerset (the policing area local to ALSPAC). Both those who opted out of linkage or did not respond to consent requests had higher levels of self-reported criminal behaviour compared to participants who provided explicit consent. Conclusions: These findings suggest that data linkage in ALSPAC provides opportunities to study criminal behaviour and that linked individual-level records can provide robust research in the area. Our findings also suggest the potential for bias when only using samples that have explicitly consented to data linkage, highlighting the limitations of opt-in consent strategies.
Clinical Guideline Highlights for the Hospitalist: Therapeutic Monitoring of Vancomycin
Authors: Murphy Mark , Girdwood Sonya Tang , Scheetz Marc H 
Published: November 2020

GUIDELINE TITLETherapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases PharmacistsRELEASE DATEOnline: March 19, 2020PRIOR VERSION2009DEVELOPERSAmerican Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP)FUNDING SOURCEASHP, IDSA, PIDS, SIDPTARGET POPULATIONAdults, children, and neonates treated for documented or presumed methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection
<p><strong>Two new species of the genus <em>Cohicaleyrodes</em> Bink-Moenen, 1983 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from India</strong></p>
Authors: SUNDARARAJ RAMACHANDRAN , VIMALA DURAISAMY 
Published: November 2020

Two new aleyrodids of the genus Cohicaleyrodes Bink-Moenen, 1983 viz., C. grewiae sp. nov. on Grewia tiliifolia Vahl (Malvaceae) and C. ixorae sp. nov. on Ixora nigricans R.Br. ex Wight & Arn. (Rubiaceae) are described and illustrated. List for all known species from India and a workable key to the Indian specie of the genus Cohicaleyrodes are given. The descriptions of two new species bring the number of known Indian species of Cohicaleyrodes to ten. Key words: Taxonomy, whitefly, Grewia tiliifolia, Ixora nigricans
<p><strong>Contribution to the Iranian Buprestidae (Coleoptera) with one genus new for the country</strong></p>
Authors: GHAHARI HASSAN , VOLKOVITSH MARK G. 
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with additional data on Iranian Buprestidae (Coleoptera) which appeared after the publication of the Annotated Catalogue of Iranian Buprestidae. Sternocera (Sternocera) chrysis Fabricius, 1775 as a new country record, and 22 species from 11 genera published by other authors are listed for the fauna of Iran. Totally, 502 species and subspecies from 41 genera belonging to 20 tribes and six subfamilies are reported from Iran so far. Key words: Buprestidae, new record, fauna, catalogue, Iran
Quantitative phase retrieval with low photon counts using an energy resolving quantum detector
Authors: Vazquez Ivan , Harmon Ian E. , Luna J. C. Rodriguez , Das Mini 
Published: November 2020

X-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) combined with phase retrieval has
the potential to improve soft-material visibility and discrimination.
This work examined the accuracy, image quality gains, and robustness
of a spectral phase retrieval method proposed by our group.
Spectroscopic PCI measurements of a physical phantom were obtained
using state-of-the-art photon-counting detectors in combination with a
polychromatic x-ray source. The phantom consisted of four poorly
attenuating materials. Excellent accuracy was demonstrated in
simultaneously retrieving the complete refractive properties
(photoelectric absorption, attenuation, and phase) of these materials.
Approximately 10 times higher SNR was achieved in retrieved images
compared to the original PCI intensity image. These gains are also
shown to be robust against increasing quantum noise, even for
acquisition times as low as 1 s with a low-flux microfocus x-ray tube
(average counts of 250 photons/pixels). We expect that this spectral
phase retrieval method, adaptable to several PCI geometries, will
allow significant dose reduction and improved material discrimination
in clinical and industrial x-ray imaging applications.