bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting and Benchmarking Migrants’ Rights: An Analysis of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration
Authors: Gest Justin , Kysel Ian M. , Wong Tom K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration (GCM) was to be “guided by human rights law and standards” in recognition of the rights of international migrants, who are currently protected by an overlapping patchwork of treaties and international law. The GCM contains many laudable commitments that, if implemented, will ensure that states more consistently respect, protect, and fulfil the rights of all migrants and also that states incorporate data on migration into a more cohesive governance regime that does more to promote cooperation on the issue of international migration. However, many concerns remain. Using a legal analysis and cross‐national policy data, we find that the GCM neither fully articulates existing law nor makes use of international consensus to expand the rights of migrants. In its first section, this article provides a concise analysis of the GCM's compliance with a set of core principles of existing international human rights law regarding migrants. In the second section, we apply a novel instrument to create an objective, cross‐national accounting of the laws protecting migrants’ rights in various national legal frameworks. Focusing on a sample of five diverse destination and sending countries, the results suggest we are close to an international consensus on the protection of a core set of migrants’ rights. This analysis should help prioritize the work necessary to implement the GCM.
Exploring the relation between maternal mind‐mindedness and children’s symbolic play: A longitudinal study from 6 to 18 months
Authors: Giovanelli Chiara , Di Dio Cinzia , Lombardi Elisabetta , Tagini Angela , Meins Elizabeth , Marchetti Antonella , Carli Lucia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRelations between mothers’ mind‐mindedness (appropriate attunement to their infants’ internal states) at 6 and 12 months and infants’ early symbolic play during infant–mother pretense at 12 and 18 months were investigated in a sample of 43 mothers and infants. Mothers’ appropriate mind‐related comments were associated with average level, length, complexity, and maturity level of symbolic play. Specific sub‐categories of appropriate mind‐related comments were identified as independent predictors of children's symbolic play. Appropriate comments about desires and cognitions at 6 months were associated with average level and length of episodes, as well as with maturity level of symbolic play at 12 months. Longitudinal stability in the appropriateness and content of mothers’ mind‐related comments was also investigated. The results are discussed in terms of the proposal that attunement to specific types of internal state should vary as a function of infant age in order to index mind‐mindedness.
In situ study of rotating lattice single‐crystal formation in Sb2S3 glass by Laue μXRD
Authors: Au‐Yeung Courtney , Stan Camelia , Tamura Nobumichi , Jain Himanshu , Dierolf Volkmar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSingle‐crystal architectures in glass, formed by a solid‐solid transformation via laser heating, are novel solids with a rotating lattice. To understand the process of lattice formation that proceeds via crystal growth, we have observed in situ Sb2S3 crystal formation under X‐ray irradiation with simultaneous Laue micro X‐ray diffraction (μXRD) pattern collection. By translating the sample with respect to the beam, we form rotating lattice single (RLS) crystal lines with a consistently linear relationship between the rotation angle and distance from nucleation site. The lines begin with a seed crystal, followed by a transition region comprising of sub‐grain or very similarly oriented grains, followed by the presence of a rotating lattice single crystal of unrestricted length. The results demonstrate that the primary cause of lattice rotation within RLS crystals is the densification accompanying the glass → crystal transformation, rather than stresses produced from the difference in thermal expansion coefficient of the two phases or paraelectric → ferroelectric transition during cooling to ambient temperature.
Effect of cation vacancies on the optical and dielectric properties of KSr2Nb5O15: A first‐principles study
Authors: Chen Qian , Gao Feng , Xu Jie , Wu Changying , Cao Shuyao , Guo Yiting , Pawlikowska Emilia , Szafran Mikołaj , Cheng Guanghua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing first‐principles calculations, the effect of cation vacancies on the electronic structures and optical characters of KSr2Nb5O15 (KSN) lead‐free ferroelectrics are investigated. The calculated dielectric properties are demonstrated by the experimental results. The cation vacancies involve K+ vacancies (KSN‐K), Sr2+ vacancies (KSN‐Sr), and coexisting K+ and Sr2+ vacancies (KSN‐K&Sr). When these cation vacancies exist in KSN, the unit cell volumes decrease, leading to phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic, and the cation vacancies show strong effects on the band gap of KSN, declining by 1.46%‐9.46%. The optical properties including the static dielectric constants, refraction, and extinction coefficient of KSN‐K, KSN‐Sr, and KSN‐K&Sr increase more than those of KSN without vacancies, but the reflectivity and loss function decrease. All structures with cation vacancies are mainly refractive in the 0‐4 eV photon energy range and are reflective at 5‐8 eV. The refractivity increases and reflectivity decreases after vacancies occur. KSN‐Sr has the largest static dielectric constant while KSN‐K&Sr has the smallest values. The dielectric constant can be adjusted in the range of 25% by controlling the cation vacancies. The calculated dielectric properties are in good agreement with the experimental results. The results pave the way to regulate the optical and dielectric properties of lead‐free ferroelectrics by controlling different cation vacancies.
LncRNA DLEU2 accelerates the tumorigenesis and invasion of non–small cell lung cancer by sponging miR‐30a‐5p
Authors: Wu Weiming , Zhao Yonghong , Gao Erji , Li Yang , Guo Xiang , Zhao Tiancheng , He Weiwei , Zhang Huibiao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, how lncRNA deleted in lymphocytic leukaemia 2 (DLEU2) contributes to NSCLC remains undocumented. The clinical significance of lncRNA DLEU2 and miR‐30a‐5p expression in NSCLC was analysed by using fluorescence in situ hybridization and TCGA cohorts. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments as well as a NSCLC tumour model were executed to determine the role of lncRNA DLEU2 in NSCLC. DLEU2‐sponged miR‐30a‐5p was verified by luciferase reporter, and RIP assays. Herein, the expression of lncRNA DLEU2 was elevated in NSCLC tissues, and its high expression or low expression of miR‐30a‐5p acted as an independent prognostic factor of poor survival and tumour recurrence in NSCLC. Silencing of lncRNA DLEU2 repressed the tumorigenesis and invasive potential of NSCLC, whereas re‐expression of lncRNA DLEU2 showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, lncRNA DLEU2 harboured a negative correlation with miR‐30a‐5p expression in NSCLC tissues and acted as a sponge of miR‐30a‐5p, which reversed the tumour‐promoting effects of lncRNA DLEU2 by targeting putative homeodomain transcription factor 2 in NSCLC. Altogether, lncRNA DLEU2 promoted the tumorigenesis and invasion of NSCLC by sponging miR‐30a‐5p.
A New Transcranial Doppler Scoring System for Evaluating Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis
Authors: Hao Qing , Feldmann Edward , Balucani Clotilde , Zubizarreta Nicole , Zhong Xiaobo , Levine Steven R. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETranscranial Doppler (TCD) criteria for cerebrovascular stenosis are only based on velocity with unsatisfactory positive predictive value (PPV) in previous studies. We refined a published scoring system that integrates several characteristics of TCD data in diagnosing middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis.METHODSUsing the TCD‐digital subtraction angiography (DSA) database from Stroke Outcomes and Neuroimaging of Intracranial Atherosclerosis (SONIA) trial, velocity, spectrum pattern, diffuse ratio, and asymmetry ratio were assessed. The cutpoints were defined for each parameter and a point value was assigned to each category within that parameter. A summed score was calculated for each MCA. The accuracy was assessed for different cutpoints in predicting ≥50% MCA stenosis measured by DSA. Logistic regression and C‐statistics were used for analysis.RESULTSA total of 114 MCAs were included in vessel‐based and 87 patients were included in patient‐based analysis. Compared to the velocity‐only cutpoints in SONIA, the score results in much improved PPV while negative predictive value (NPV) remains unchanged. The score based on mean velocity (score 0: <140 cm/s, score 3: ≥140 cm/s), spectrum pattern (score 0: no turbulence; score 1: mild turbulence; 2: significant turbulence), and asymmetry ratio (score 0: ratio <1.5, score 1: ratio 1.5‐2; score 2: ratio ≥2.1) has the highest NPV while PPV remains favorable (PPV: 72% [95% CI 54‐90%]; NPV: 84% [95% CI: 75‐93%], area under curve [AUC]: .76 [95% CI: .66‐.86]).CONCLUSIONSThe multiparameter scoring system incorporating several characteristics of TCD measures yielded higher PPV while maintaining high NPV compared with the single‐parameter velocity criteria in diagnosing MCA ≥50% stenosis.
A methodology for evaluating tooth wear monitoring using timed automata modelling
Authors: Wetselaar Peter , Lobbezoo Frank , de Jong Pepijn , Choudry Umarah , van Rooijen Jasper , Langerak Rom 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesTooth wear is a multifactorial condition leading to the loss of dental hard tissues. A counselling/monitoring protocol is of importance in order to keep that loss as limited as possible. Since many factors are involved and a time span of decades is included, research to disentangle all these processes in patients is difficult. Instead, a modelling technique was used that is able to deal with time, costs and probabilistic and stochastic information. The aim was to shed light on the question: does a yearly or a once‐in‐five‐years counselling/monitoring protocol yield better outcome measures?MethodsA so‐called timed automata model was adopted, analysed with the tool UPPAAL. To our knowledge, this is the first time that formal modelling is applied in dentistry. In this article, a UPPAAL model for the evaluation of tooth wear is described.ResultsUsing the UPPAAL model, it was calculated that with a yearly counselling/monitoring protocol the severity of tooth wear at age 74, the total costs per person and the number of restorative treatments were less, and the number of so‐called “good years” was higher.ConclusionsWith the use of the UPPAAL model, it may be concluded that a yearly counselling/monitoring protocol can yield better outcome measures.Clinical SignificanceRegarding dentistry in general and tooth wear in particular, with the use of a timed automata model in UPPAAL, actual research questions can be answered, factors of influence in a multifactorial condition like tooth wear can be clarified, and future research topics can be determined.
ROCK1 is associated with non‐syndromic cleft palate
Authors: Palmieri Annalisa , Scapoli Luca , Carrozzo Marco , Cura Francesca , Morselli Paolo Giovanni , Pannuto Lucia , Nouri Nayereh , Carinci Francesco , Lauritano Dorina , Martinelli Marcella 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCraniofacial morphogenesis is the result of an intricate multistep network of tightly controlled spatial and temporal signalling that involves several molecules and transcription factors organized into highly coordinated pathways. Any alteration in even one step of this delicate process can lead to congenital malformations such as cleft palate. One of the first steps in embryonal orofacial development is the migration of cells from the neural crests to the branchial arches. Next, the cells have to proliferate, differentiate, move and connect to each other in order to correctly form the palate. Cell contraction, promoted by the interaction of non‐muscle myosin II and actin A, is a crucial step in morphogenesis and is regulated by ROCK1 protein.MethodsA family‐based association study was carried out in order to verify whether or not genetic variants of ROCK1 were associated with non‐syndromic cleft palate (nsCP). Two cohorts from Italy and Iran, a total of 189 nsCP cases and their parents were enrolled.ResultsThe rs35996865‐G allele was under‐transmitted in cases of nsCP [P = .006, odds ratio (OR) = 0.63 (95% CI 0.45‐0.88)].ConclusionThis investigation reveals for the first time data supporting a role for ROCK1 in nsCP aetiology.
Who is prescribing psychotropic medications in a public developmental–behavioural clinical service and how often?
Authors: Hughes Katherine L , Roberts Gehan 
Published: November 2019

AimPsychotropic prescribing by paediatricians is increasingly common, and there is considerable variation in care provided. The aims of this study were to examine current rates of psychotropic prescribing in the developmental–behavioural outpatient clinics at the Royal Children's Hospital's Centre for Community Child Health, and to compare rates between paediatric consultants and advanced trainees.MethodsData were extracted for appointment encounters from electronic medical records across 12 months in 2017. Patient demographics, provider and medication order data were analysed using Excel and STATA to calculate logistic regression, standard deviation, percentages and means.ResultsFrom 5069 encounters, there were 847 (16.7%) that included psychotropic prescribing. Advanced trainees prescribed psychotropic medications in only 4.4% of their encounters compared with consultants who prescribed these medications in 23% of encounters (P< 0.001). Stimulants were the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medication (62%), either alone (86.3%) or in combination (13.7%).ConclusionsPsychotropic prescribing rates were lower than expected. Advanced trainees may need more experience in psychotropic prescribing.
Stability and profiling of urinary microRNAs in healthy cats and cats with pyelonephritis or other urological conditions
Authors: Jessen Lisbeth R. , Nielsen Lise N. , Kieler Ida N. , Langhorn Rebecca , Reezigt Bert J. , Cirera Susanna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpecific biomarkers of pyelonephritis (PN) in cats are lacking. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have diagnostic potential in human nephropathies.ObjectivesTo investigate the presence/stability of miRNAs in whole urine of cats and the discriminatory potential of selected urinary miRNAs for PN in cats.AnimalsTwelve healthy cats, 5 cats with PN, and 13 cats with chronic kidney disease (n = 5), subclinical bacteriuria (n = 3), and ureteral obstructions (n = 5) recruited from 2 companion animal hospitals.MethodsProspective case‐control study. Expression profiles of 24 miRNAs were performed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Effect of storage temperature (4°C [24 hours], −20°C, and −80°C) was determined for a subset of miRNAs in healthy cats.ResultsUrinary miR‐4286, miR‐30c, miR‐204, miR4454, miR‐21, miR‐16, miR‐191, and miR‐30a were detected. For the majority of miRNAs tested, storage at 4°C and −20°C resulted in significantly lower miRNA yield compared to storage at −80°C (mean log2fold changes across miRNAs from −0.5  ± 0.4 SD to −1.20 ± 0.4 SD (4°C versus −80°C) and from −0.7 ± 0.2 SD to −1.20 ± 0.3 SD (−20°C versus −80°C)). Cats with PN had significantly upregulated miR‐16 with a mean log2fold change of 1.0 ± 0.4 SD, compared with controls (−0.1 ± 0.2, P = .01) and other urological conditions (0.6 ± 0.3, P = .04).ConclusionsUpregulation of miR16 might be PN‐specific, pathogen‐specific (Escherichia coli), or both.
Lower urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma in cats: Clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes in 118 cases
Authors: Griffin Maureen A. , Culp William T. N. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Ellis Peter , Tuohy Joanne , Perry James A. , Gedney Allison , Lux Cassie N. , Milovancev Milan , Wallace Mandy L. , Hash Jonathan , Mathews Kyle , Liptak Julius M. , Selmic Laura E. , Singh Ameet , Palm Carrie A. , Balsa Ingrid M. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Steffey Michele A. , Rebhun Robert B. , Burton Jenna H. , Kent Michael S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLower urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is an important but rarely described disease of cats.ObjectivesTo report the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in a cohort of cats with lower urinary tract TCC and to test identified variables for prognostic relevance.AnimalsOne‐hundred eighteen client‐owned cats with lower urinary tract carcinoma.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed to obtain information regarding clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. Recorded variables were analyzed statistically.ResultsMedian age of affected cats was 15 years (range, 5.0‐20.8 years) and median duration of clinical signs was 30 days (range, 0‐730 days). The trigone was the most common tumor location (32/118; 27.1%) as assessed by ultrasound examination, cystoscopy, or both. Treatment was carried out in 73 of 118 (61.9%) cats. Metastatic disease was documented in 25 of 118 (21.2%) cats. Median progression‐free survival and survival time for all cats were 113 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 69‐153) and 155 days (95% CI, 110‐222), respectively. Survival increased significantly (P < .001) when comparing cats across the ordered treatment groups: no treatment, treatment without partial cystectomy, and treatment with partial cystectomy. Partial cystectomy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.31; 95% CI, 0.17‐0.87) and treatment with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33‐0.93) were significantly associated with longer survival times.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results support treatment using partial cystectomy and NSAIDs in cats with TCC.
The flagella of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ and its movement in planta
Authors: Andrade Maxuel O. , Pang Zhiqian , Achor Diann S. , Wang Han , Yao Tingshan , Singer Burton H. , Wang Nian 
Published: November 2019

SummaryCitrus huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide. ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las) is the most prevalent HLB causal agent that is yet to be cultured. Here, we analysed the flagellar genes of Las and Rhizobiaceae and observed two characteristics unique to the flagellar proteins of Las: (i) a shorter primary structure of the rod capping protein FlgJ than other Rhizobiaceae bacteria and (ii) Las contains only one flagellin‐encoding gene flaA (CLIBASIA_02090), whereas other Rhizobiaceae species carry at least three flagellin‐encoding genes. Only flgJAtu but not flgJLas restored the swimming motility of Agrobacterium tumefaciens flgJ mutant. Pull‐down assays demonstrated that FlgJLas interacts with FlgB but not with FliE. Ectopic expression of flaALas in A. tumefaciens mutants restored the swimming motility of ∆flaA mutant and ∆flaAD mutant, but not that of the null mutant ∆flaABCD. No flagellum was observed for Las in citrus and dodder. The expression of flagellar genes was higher in psyllids than in planta. In addition, western blotting using flagellin‐specific antibody indicates that Las expresses flagellin protein in psyllids, but not in planta. The flagellar features of Las in planta suggest that Las movement in the phloem is not mediated by flagella. We also characterized the movement of Las after psyllid transmission into young flush. Our data support a model that Las remains inside young flush after psyllid transmission and before the flush matures. The delayed movement of Las out of young flush after psyllid transmission provides opportunities for targeted treatment of young flush for HLB control.
Percutaneous epicardial placement of a prototype miniature pacemaker under direct visualization: An infant porcine chronic survival study
Authors: Kumthekar Rohan N. , Opfermann Justin D. , Mass Paige , Clark Bradley C. , Moak Jeffrey P. , Sherwin Elizabeth D. , Whitman Teresa , Marshall Mark , Berul Charles I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionPacemaker implantation in infants typically consists of surgical epicardial lead placement with an abdominal generator. Here, we describe the chronic performance of our minimally invasive prototype miniature pacemaker implanted under direct visualization in an immature porcine model.MethodsTwelve piglets underwent miniature pacemaker implantation. A self‐anchoring two‐channel access port was inserted into a 1 cm incision in the subxiphoid space, and a thoracoscope was inserted into the main channel to visualize the thoracic cavity under insufflation. The pacemaker leadlet was inserted through a sheath via secondary channel and affixed against the epicardium using a helical side‐biting electrode. The miniature pacemaker was tucked into the incision, which was sutured closed. Ventricular sensing, leadlet impedance, and capture thresholds were measured biweekly. A limited necropsy was performed after euthanasia.ResultsNine piglets were followed for a median of 78 (IQR 52‐82) days and gained 6.6 ± 3.2 kg. Three animals were censored from the analysis due to complications unrelated to the procedure. Capture thresholds rose above maximal output after a median of 67 (IQR 40‐69) days. At termination, there was a significant decrease in R‐wave amplitude (P = .03) and rise in capture thresholds at 0.4 ms (P = .01) and 1.0 ms pulse widths (P = .02). There was no significant change in leadlet impedance (P = .74). There were no wound infections.ConclusionsThere were no infections following minimally invasive implantation of our prototype miniature pacemaker. Improvements to epicardial fixation are necessary to address diminished leadlet efficacy over time.
Bipolar catheter ablation in ventricular myocardium
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Chen Qiushi , Fan Baohan , Zhu Wenwu , Zhao Hongyan , Zhu Yeqian , Zhao Pengcheng , Zhang Fengxiang , Kojodjojo Pipin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecurrence rates after catheter radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for arrhythmias arising from deep myocardial substrates can exceed 40%. Failure of RFA is in part due to the inability of widely used unipolar ablation (UA) to create transmural lesions capable of disrupting the critical components of the arrhythmia circuit. A radiofrequency generator was custom‐made to deliver bipolar ablation (BA) to test the hypothesis that BA is more effective compared to UA in achieving transmurality and to determine the optimal configuration for ventricular BA.MethodsSequential UA and BA were created in porcine ventricular septal and free wall preparations using irrigated, contact‐force sensing ablation catheters, orientated perpendicularly to the myocardium. Return catheters, durations of ablation, irrigating fluids, and power settings were varied to determine the optimal configuration for BA. Lesion characteristics, transmurality, and occurrence of steam pops were analyzed.ResultsIn both ventricular septal and free wall models, BA resulted in significantly more transmural lesions while causing less steam pops (P < .01). BA lesions were deeper, narrower but larger in volume. Use of 8 mm ground catheters in the epicardium resulted in overheating during BA with temperatures exceeding 95°C, limiting power delivery. Increasing duration and powers of BA resulted in progressively larger lesions and increased transmurality (all P < .01), and 0.45% saline as the irrigation did not enhance BA.ConclusionBA created larger lesions with increased chances of transmurality but at lower risks of steam pops. Use of an irrigated catheter as the return electrode and 30 W of BA delivered over 120 seconds provides the optimal balance between creating deep, transmural lesions and avoiding steam pops.