bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tricuspid valve geometry in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation: A three‐dimensional echocardiographic study
Authors: Karamali Fatemeh , Hosseini Saeid , Shojaeifard Maryam , Mohammadi Khadijeh , Kaviani Raheleh , Rezaei Yousef , Samiei Niloufar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionTricuspid valve (TV) has a complex anatomy causing some difficulties in echocardiographic evaluation. In this study, we sought to assess the geometry of TV in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) by the implementation of 2‐ and 3‐dimennsional (2D and 3D) echocardiography.MethodsIn a case–control study, the geometrical features of TV were evaluated in forty patients with functional TR using echocardiographic examinations, and those data compared with twenty‐five age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 50 ± 12 years, and 75% were female. All echocardiographic features of TV geometry were significantly greater in TR compared to control group. The 3D evaluation of TV annulus showed that the annulus shape was more circular in the TR compared to the control group. When compared patients with moderate and severe TR, there was a significant difference between groups regarding the size of the TV septolateral annulus diameter (3.5 ± 0.4 vs 3.9 ± 0.7 cm; P = .048), and the angle between mitral valve and TV annuluses (12.5 ± 4.3 vs 17 ± 9º; P = .048). Tenting areas measured by 2D echocardiography and obtained by TomTec software were significantly greater in severe TR compared to moderate TR group. The diameter of TV by 2D echocardiography was significantly higher in atrial fibrillation than that in sinus rhythm group among patients with TR.ConclusionsThe implementation of 3D echocardiography is useful in the determination of TV geometry in patients with functional TR. The accurate evaluation of anatomical features of TV might provide valuable tools in the evaluation of patients with functional TR.
International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: General introduction
Authors: Levin Liran , Day Peter F. , Hicks Lamar , O'Connell Anne , Fouad Ashraf F. , Bourguignon Cecilia , Abbott Paul V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTraumatic dental injuries (TDIs) occur most frequently in children and young adults. Older adults also suffer TDIs but at significantly lower rates than individuals in the younger cohorts. Luxation injuries are the most common TDIs in the primary dentition, whereas crown fractures are more commonly reported for the permanent teeth. Proper diagnosis, treatment planning and follow up are very important to assure a favorable outcome. These updates of the International Association of Dental Traumatology's (IADT) Guidelines include a comprehensive review of the current dental literature using EMBASE, MEDLINE, PUBMED, Scopus, and Cochrane Databases for Systematic Reviews searches from 1996 to 2019 and a search of the journal Dental Traumatology from 2000 to 2019. The goal of these guidelines is to provide information for the immediate or urgent care of TDIs. It is understood that some follow‐up treatment may require secondary and tertiary interventions involving dental and medical specialists with experience in dental trauma. As with previous guidelines, the current working group included experienced investigators and clinicians from various dental specialties and general practice. The current revision represents the best evidence based on the available literature and expert opinions. In cases where the published data were not conclusive, recommendations were based on the consensus opinions of the working group. They were then reviewed and approved by the members of the IADT Board of Directors. It is understood that guidelines are to be applied using careful evaluation of the specific clinical circumstances, the clinician's judgment, and the patient's characteristics, including the probability of compliance, finances and a clear understanding of the immediate and long‐term outcomes of the various treatment options vs non‐treatment. The IADT does not, and cannot, guarantee favorable outcomes from adherence to the Guidelines. However, the IADT believes that their application can maximize the probability of favorable outcomes.
The miR‐155/GATA3/IL37 axis modulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines upon TNF‐α stimulation to affect psoriasis development
Authors: Wang Haizhen , Zhang Yujin , Luomei Junzi , Huang Pan , Zhou Rong , Peng Youhua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPsoriasis is a recrudescent chronic immune‐mediated inflammatory dermatosis; the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines such as TNF‐α has been regarded as critical issues during psoriasis pathogenesis. Based on online microarray profiles, the expression of the transcription factor GATA3 was downregulated in psoriasis lesion tissues. In the present study, we searched for miRNAs that might be related to TNF‐α and GATA3 to investigate an in‐depth understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis. Herein, higher TNF‐α and GATA3 protein levels were observed in psoriasis lesion tissues and that GATA3 overexpression significantly reverses TNF‐α‐induced increases within the production of IL‐6 and CXCL8 in keratinocytes. TNF‐α stimulation increases miR‐155 expression dose‐independently, and the miR‐155 inhibitor significantly reverses TNF‐α‐induced suppression of GATA3 protein levels and increases IL‐6 and CXCL8 production. miR‐155 could suppress the expression of GATA3 by targeting its 3′UTR, while GATA3 could activate the transcription of IL37 by targeting its promoter region. miR‐155 overexpression reduces IL37 protein and increases CXCL8 production; GATA3 overexpression might significantly attenuate the effects of miR‐155 overexpression. In contrast to GATA3, miR‐155 expression is significantly upregulated in psoriasis lesion tissue and is negatively correlated with GATA3 and IL37. In summary, the miR‐155/GATA3/IL37 axis modulates the production of IL‐6 and CXCL8 upon TNF‐α stimulation to affect psoriasis development. Thus, miR‐155/GATA3/IL37 may be potent targets for psoriasis treatment, which needs further in vivo and clinical investigation.
Japanese encephalitis virus – exploring the dark proteome and disorder–function paradigm
Authors: Bhardwaj Taniya , Saumya Kumar Udit , Kumar Prateek , Sharma Nitin , Gadhave Kundlik , Uversky Vladimir N. , Giri Rajanish 
Published: May 2020

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of the major causes of viral encephalitis all around the globe. Approximately 3 billion people in endemic areas are at risk of Japanese encephalitis. To develop a wholistic understanding of the viral proteome, it is important to investigate both its ordered and disordered proteins. However, the functional and structural significance of disordered regions in the JEV proteome has not been systematically investigated as of yet. To fill this gap, we used here a set of bioinformatics tools to analyze the JEV proteome for the predisposition of its proteins for intrinsic disorder and for the presence of the disorder‐based binding regions (also known as molecular recognition features, MoRFs). We also analyzed all JEV proteins for the presence of the probable nucleic acid‐binding (DNA and RNA) sites. The results of these computational studies are experimentally validated using JEV capsid protein as an illustrative example. In agreement with bioinformatic analysis, we found that the N‐terminal region of the JEV capsid (residues 1–30) is intrinsically disordered. We showed that this region is characterized by the temperature response typical for highly disordered proteins. Furthermore, we have experimentally shown that this disordered N‐terminal domain of a capsid protein has a noticeable ‘gain‐of‐structure’ potential. In addition, using DOPS liposomes, we demonstrated the presence of pronounced membrane‐mediated conformational changes in the N‐terminal region of JEV capsid. In our view, this disorder‐centric analysis would be helpful for a better understanding of the JEV pathogenesis.
Quantifying microbial growth and carbon use efficiency in dry soil environments via 18O water vapor equilibration
Authors: Canarini Alberto , Wanek Wolfgang , Watzka Margarete , Sandén Taru , Spiegel Heide , Šantrůček Jiří , Schnecker Jörg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil microbial physiology controls large fluxes of C to the atmosphere, thus, improving our ability to accurately quantify microbial physiology in soil is essential. However, current methods to determine microbial C metabolism require liquid water addition, which makes it practically impossible to measure microbial physiology in dry soil samples without stimulating microbial growth and respiration (namely, the “Birch effect”). We developed a new method based on in vivo 18O‐water vapor equilibration to minimize soil rewetting effects. This method allows the isotopic labeling of soil water without direct liquid water addition. This was compared to the main current method (direct 18O‐liquid water addition) in moist and air‐dry soils. We determined the time kinetics and calculated the average 18O enrichment of soil water over incubation time, which is necessary to calculate microbial growth from 18O incorporation in genomic DNA. We tested isotopic equilibration patterns in three natural and six artificially constructed soils covering a wide range of soil texture and soil organic matter content. We then measured microbial growth, respiration and carbon use efficiency (CUE) in three natural soils (either air‐dry or moist). The proposed 18O‐vapor equilibration method provided similar results as the current method of liquid 18O‐water addition when used for moist soils. However, when applied to air‐dry soils the liquid 18O‐water addition method overestimated growth by up to 250%, respiration by up to 500%, and underestimated CUE by up to 40%. We finally describe the new insights into biogeochemical cycling of C that the new method can help uncover, and we consider a range of questions regarding microbial physiology and its response to global change that can now be addressed.
Prognostic effects of histology‐based tumour microenvironment scores in resected distal bile duct cancer
Authors: Hwang Hye W , Kim Joo Y , Lee Seung E , Choi Yoo S , Hong Sook‐Hee , Lee Tae J. , Kim Mi K. , Park Eon S. , Hong Soon A. 
Published: May 2020

AimsHistology‐based tumour microenvironment (TME) scores are useful in predicting the prognosis of gastrointestinal cancer. However, their prognostic roles in distal bile duct cancer (DBDC) have not been previously studied. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the TME scores using the Klintrup–Mäkinen (KM) grade, tumour stroma percentage (TSP) and the Glasgow microenvironment score (GMS) in resected DBDC.Methods and resultsEighty‐one patients with DBDC who underwent curative resection were enrolled. DBDC was graded according to KM grade, TSP and GMS. A high KM grade was found in 19 patients (24%) and a high TSP was found in 47 patients (58%). A high TSP was significantly correlated with a low KM grade (P < 0.001). The distribution of the GMS, which was developed by combining the KM grade and TSP, was as follows: 0 (n = 19, 24%), 1 (n = 19, 24%) and 2 (n = 43, 52%). A low KM grade, high TSP and high GMS were significantly associated with short overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that a low KM grade [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.826; confidence interval (CI) = 1.650–8.869; P = 0.014], high TSP (HR = 2.193; CI = 1.173–4.100, P = 0.002) and high GMS (HR = 7.148; CI = 2.811–18.173) were independent prognostic factors for short RFS; a low KM grade (HR = 4.324; CI = 1.594–11.733) and high GMS (HR = 6.332; CI = 2.743–14.594) were independent prognostic factors for short OS.ConclusionHistology‐based TME scores, including the KM grade, TSP and GMS, are useful for predicting the survival of patients with resected DBDC.
Upskilling and distributional changes in the electronics global value chain
Authors: LLADÓS‐MASLLORENS Josep , MESEGUER‐ARTOLA Antoni , VILASECA‐REQUENA Jordi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe electronics industry has one of the most complex global production chains in the international economy. Using data from the World Input–Output Database for the period 2000–14, this article traces individual contributions to the value chain in order to observe how financial turmoil has affected its evolution over time and to map international interactions. The authors point to a rise in offshoring until the outbreak of the global financial crisis of 2007–08, as China and other Eastern Asian economies became an essential node of value creation. They also detect a deep transformation of production technologies, accompanied by a process of upskilling.
Mapping the glass forming region and making their phosphor‐in‐glass for application in W‐LEDs packaging
Authors: Li Hong , Wang Peng , Zhuo Yong , Cao Xin , Xiong Dehua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe application of phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) packaging material in white‐light emitting diodes (W‐LEDs) can improve the thermal stability and luminous efficacy of LED devices. In this work, a low melting point glass of TeO2–ZnO–Na2O–B2O3 (TZNB) was selected as glass matrix, and mixed with YAG: Ce3+ phosphor powders to obtain phosphor‐in‐tellurite glass (PiTG). In a significant advance, we mapped the glass forming region of TZNB for the first time. This high refractive index glass matrix with low melting temperature was achieved by optimizing the glass composition. The refractive index increased regularly from 1.61 to 2.03, when the dosage of TeO2 increased from 15 to 75 mol%. Through Monte Carlo simulations and numerical calculations, the optimal structure of gradient refractive index (GRIN) was designed, which is consisted of TZNB‐1 (n = 2.03), TZNB‐4 (n = 1.79), TZNB‐6 (n = 1.66), and glass substrate (n = 1.52). The PiTG with GRIN coating was fabricated by screen printing and low‐temperature sintering, and the optimized sintering temperature is 575°C. Compared with the single refractive index (SRIN) coating, the luminous efficacy of PiTG with GRIN coating was enhanced from 9.51% to 23.12%. Therefore, this work provides a significant application in high‐power W‐LEDs.
Oral health‐related quality of life impacts are low 27 years after periodontal therapy
Authors: Graetz Christian , Schwalbach Maike , Seidel Miriam , Geiken Antje , Schwendicke Falk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThis pilot study assessed the oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) after long‐term periodontal therapy and explored OHRQoL differences along the 2018 Classification of Periodontal Diseases.MethodsSixty patients were examined before (T0) and after active periodontal therapy (APT/T1) and 32.0 ± 2.9 [range: 27–38] years of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT/T2). Periodontal diagnosis at T0 was assessed according to the 2018 Classification of Periodontal Diseases (stage 1/2/3/4: n = 1/3/44/13; grade n = A/B/C: 0/8/53). OHRQoL at T2 was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐G14 (OHIP‐G14). Patients’ Eichner's classification, accumulated tooth loss and treatment outcomes (SSO criteria) were assessed at T2. Generalized linear modelling (GLM) assessed associations between different factors and OHrQoL.ResultsMean OHIP‐G14 sum score was 3.7 (SD 5.6). There was no statistically significant association between OHIP‐G14 and gender, stage, SSO criteria and tooth loss. OHIP‐G14 was significantly lower in older patients (−0.2[−0.3;0] per year, p = .008), non‐smokers (−5.9[−9.9;‐1.9] p = .003) and former smokers (−7.4[−11.6;‐3.2]; p < .001) versus current smokers, patients with Eichner class A1–B2 versus C2 (p < .05), sufficient adherence during SPT (−2.3[−4.6;‐0.1], p = .044) versus insufficient ones. Patients with grade B (4.4[1.3;7.4]; p < .005) showed higher OHIP‐G14 than those with grade C.ConclusionA number of aspects, grounded in the initial diagnosis, the adherence to SPT, the resulting dentition, socio‐demographic and behavioural covariates, were associated with good OHrQoL.
Common ownership, institutional investors, and welfare
Authors: Shy Oz , Stenbacka Rune 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study evaluates the effects of institutional investors' common ownership of firms competing in the same market. Overall, common ownership has two opposing effects: (a) it serves as a device for weakening market competition, and (b) it induces diversification, thereby reducing portfolio risk. We conduct a detailed welfare analysis within which the competition‐softening effects of an increased degree of common ownership is weighted against the associated diversification benefits.
Promotion of uniform radial temperature distribution using buoyancy effect in inclination pipes
Authors: Krishnan Suresh , Karnavar Ajay S. , Luckmore Kadzungura 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA model case was formulated to examine the buoyancy effect on radial temperature distribution in the heating section of thermal sterilization for high water content juices. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed in the short isothermal pipe to study the effect of Reynolds numbers (50, 300, and 2000), Rayleigh numbers (1 × 106 and 4.29 × 106), and pipe inclined angles (0 ≤ θ ≤ 60°). The simulation results were validated with the experimental and numerical data obtained from literature. When the buoyancy effect was dominant, the velocity and temperature were found to be unevenly distributed in the horizontal pipe. Besides, the coldest spot fluid reached maximum velocity, which does not allow adequate thermal sterilization. However, the significant effect of the inclined pipe angle was observed upon the enhancement of radial temperature uniformity. Moreover, the local Nusselt number increased with escalating pipe angles when compared with the horizontal pipe.Practical applicationsRadial temperature uniformity is important in continuous thermal sterilization for safety and retention of nutritional properties. When the fluid enters the heating section of thermal sterilization, it operates in a laminar or low turbulent region and gets heated up. Hence, the buoyancy effect may be dominant in this part. A method is proposed to exploit the buoyancy effect for promoting the radial mixing in the heating section of thermal sterilization. The present study asserts that the use of an upward inclined pipe can provide uniform radial temperature distribution and a high heat transfer coefficient. This approach may be applicable for fruit juices of low‐to‐moderate viscosity.
Anion intercalated graphite: a combined electrochemical and tribological investigation by in situ AFM
Authors: BUSSETTI G. , CAMPIONE M. , BOSSI A. , YIVLIALIN R. , DUÒ L. , CICCACCI F. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe intercalation of graphite by electrochemical methods is an efficient strategy to produce massive graphene flakes. In fact, when graphite is biased inside an acidic solution, anions enter inside the stratified structure of the electrode and reduce the layer‐to‐layer interaction. Consequently, a gentle sonication is sufficient to disperse the graphene flakes inside the electrolyte. In view of an optimisation of the production protocol, a detailed analysis of the intercalation mechanism at the molecular length scale is mandatory. In the last 30 years, electrochemical (EC) scanning probe microscopies (e.g. EC‐STM and in situ AFM) have been widely exploited in this research topic. In fact, these techniques have the possibility of combining the EC characterisation (e.g. cyclic‐voltammetry, CV) with mechanical characterisation (e.g. adhesion and friction) and topography acquisition with high (molecular) lateral resolution.In this work, we investigate the tribological properties of the basal surface of graphite before and after the anion intercalation. By comparing the results acquired after the extraction of the graphite electrode from the EC cell with those collected inside the EC cell during the CV by an in situ AFM, we show how some features deriving from anisotropic friction can be exploited to unveil the very early stage of graphite exfoliation.
Introducing standardised care plans as a new recording tool in municipal health care
Authors: Østensen Elisabeth , Hardiker Nicholas R. , Bragstad Line Kildal , Hellesø Ragnhild 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore how nurses use standardised care plans as a new recording tool in municipal health care, and to identify their thoughts and opinions.BackgroundIn spite of being an important information source for nurses, care plans have repeatedly been found unsatisfactory. Structuring and coding information through standardised care plans is expected to raise the quality of recorded information, improve overviews, support evidence‐based practice and facilitate data aggregation. Previous research on this topic has mostly focused on the hospital setting. There is a lack of knowledge on how standardised care plans are used as a recording tool in the municipal healthcare setting.DesignAn exploratory design with a qualitative approach using three qualitative methods of data collection. The study complied with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.MethodsEmpirical data were collected in three Norwegian municipalities through participant observation and individual interviews with 17 registered nurses. In addition, we collected nursing records from 20 electronic patient records.ResultsUse of standardised care plans was influenced by the nurses' consideration of their benefits. Partial implementation created an opportunity for nonuse. There was no consensus regarding how much information to include, and the standardised care plans could become both short and generic, and long and comprehensive. The themes “balancing between the old and the new care planning system,” “considering the usefulness of standardised care plans as a source of information” and “balancing between overview and detail” reflect these findings.ConclusionsNurses' use of standardised care plans was influenced by the plans' partial implementation, their views on usefulness and their personal views on the detail required in a care plan.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe structuring of nursing records is a fast‐growing trend in health care. This study gives valuable information for those attempting to implement such structures in municipal health care.