bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substituted Hammick carbenes: The effects of fused rings and hetero atoms through DFT calculations
Authors: Koohi Maryam , Bastami Hajieh 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEffects of fused aromatic rings are probed on the stability of 42 novel singlet (s) and triplet (t) Hammick carbenes at density functional theory (DFT). Results show that (a) singlet‐triplet energy gaps (ΔΕs‐t) emerge with positive values indicating that every singlet carbene as ground state is more stable than its corresponding triplet; (b) all species turn out as minima for exhibiting no negative force constant; (c) from both thermodynamic and kinetic viewpoints, the highest stability is demonstrated by carbenes situated between two heteroatoms of fused five‐membered rings, in a “W” arrangement with showing the highest ΔΕs‐t, and the widest band gaps (ΔΕHOMO‐LUMO); thus, there is a consistency between the ΔΕs‐t and ΔΕHOMO‐LUMO values; (d) regardless of how orchestrated, the order of stabilization for fused rings is pyrrole > furan > thiophene; (e) fusion of two 5‐membered rings, in a given arrangement, have more stabilizing effect than one; (f) while five‐membered heterocyclic rings such as pyrrole stabilizes the carbenes, pyridine and benzene rings destabilize them; (g) Pyridines destabilize carbenes more than benzene rings; (h) size, type, orientation, and the number of fused rings have pronounced effect on the stability of Hammick carbenes; (i) major criteria is used to compare and contrast relative stability of the studied species include: resistance to dimerization, ΔΕs‐t, and ΔΕHOMO‐LUMO; (j) computational surveys are waiting for experimental testing and verifications that place the nitrogen lone pair in the plane of the ring in a favorable spatial position to act not only as donors, but also acceptors of π‐electron density.
Genetic resistance to Phytophthora lateralis in Port‐Orford‐cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) – Basic building blocks for a resistance program
Authors: Sniezko Richard A. , Johnson Jeremy S. , Reeser Paul , Kegley Angelia , Hansen Everett M. , Sutton Wendy , Savin Douglas P. 
Published: November 2019

Societal Impact StatementNon‐native pathogens and pests cause high mortality to tree species globally and may imperil the future viability of associated forest ecosystems. Phytophthora lateralis, an oomycete, causes Port‐Orford‐cedar root disease and is a major cause of mortality in the ecologically and economically important conifer species Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port‐Orford‐cedar). The P. lateralis resistance program shows promise to help stabilize C. lawsoniana in its native range of northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, USA, and serves as a leading example of disease resistance breeding in forest trees
Summary

A non‐native, invasive pathogen, Phytophthora lateralis, has caused extensive mortality within the native range, northern California and southern Oregon USA, of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (Port‐Orford‐cedar), as well as in horticultural and amenity plantings in the USA and Europe. Restoration of affected sites is contingent upon development of populations with genetic resistance. Naturally occurring genetic resistance has been identified in C. lawsoniana, and an active selective breeding program seeks to characterize and increase resistance levels.

Two seedling root dip inoculation trials, assessed for mortality for nearly three years each, are used to examine the types and levels of genetic resistance in C. lawsoniana. Most seedlings utilized in these trials are progeny of crosses from parent trees that exhibited apparent resistance to the disease in earlier trials.

Seedling trials suggest that both qualitative major gene and quantitative disease resistance occurs in C. lawsoniana. Both types of resistance to P. lateralis appear to be present at levels high enough to be immediately useful for restoration and reforestation. The data suggest that the qualitative resistance is conditioned by a single major gene (designated here as Pla), but nothing is known about the number of genes involved in quantitative disease resistance.

Seedling progeny from resistant parent trees in containerized seed orchards are now being used for restoration and reforestation. Resistant seedlings or clones could also be used to re‐establish C. lawsoniana in urban forests.
Combination therapy with antioxidants improves total motile sperm counts: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Terai Kazutaka , Horie Shigeo , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Miyagawa Yasushi , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Tsujimura Akira 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeOptimal strategies to treat idiopathic male infertility have remained unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combination antioxidant therapy with several vitamins and supplements on semen parameters.MethodsThirty‐one men with oligozoospermia and/or asthenozoospermia evaluated by a Makler counting chamber were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: a combination of antioxidant supplements (L‐carnitine, zinc, astaxanthin, coenzyme Q10, vitamin C, vitamin B12, and vitamin E) and a Chinese herbal medicine, hochu‐ekki‐to (HE). Serum endocrinological profiles and semen parameters, especially total motile sperm count, were compared between before and after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups.ResultsIn the supplement group, endocrinological findings were not significantly improved. The semen parameters of semen volume, sperm concentration, and sperm motility were not statistically significantly improved, whereas total motile sperm count was significantly improved. In contrast, none of the endocrinological factors or semen findings were significantly improved by the Chinese herbal medicine although semen concentration, semen motility, and total motile sperm count showed a tendency to increase.ConclusionBecause combination antioxidant therapy could improve sperm motility significantly for patients with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia, our supplement could be one treatment option for idiopathic male infertility.
Robust output tracking of constrained perturbed linear systems via model predictive sliding mode control
Authors: Steinberger M. , Castillo I. , Horn M. , Fridman L. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA robustifying strategy for constrained linear multivariable systems is proposed. A combination of tracking model predictive control with output integral sliding mode techniques is used to completely reject bounded matched perturbations. It can be guaranteed that all constraints on inputs, states, and outputs are satisfied although only output information is used. Finally, real‐world experiments with an unstable plant are presented in order to demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
The effects of hedonic, gain, and normative motives on sustainable consumption: Multiple mediating evidence from China
Authors: Tang Yanmei , Chen Shuangzhou , Yuan Zongjin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study used goal‐framing theory to test the impacts of hedonic, gain, and normative goals on green consumer behavior (GCB). Moreover, we explored the potential multiple mediation effects of perceived risk and lifestyle between goal frames and GCB. The participants were 2,340 Jiangsu residents in China. Structure equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized association between the variables. The results revealed that hedonic and normative goals had significant impacts on GCB, whereas gain goal had no significant influence on GCB. Perceived risk had a significant negative effect on GCB. Lifestyle had a significant positive impact on GCB. In addition, perceived risk and lifestyle mediated the relationship between hedonic goal and GCB and normative goal and GCB, respectively. The current research helps gain a better understanding of the relationship and multiple mediating mechanisms between hedonic goal, gain goal, normative goal, perceived risk, lifestyle, and GCB in the field of sustainable development. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
The Confinement Effect of Angstrom‐Sized Pores in Asymmetrical Membrane Constructed by Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Partially Dehydrated Ion Transport Performance
Authors: Li Ruirui , Lu Bingxin , Xie Zhiqiang , Zhai Jin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe confinement effect in asymmetrical biological ion channels makes the state of molecules and ions differs from that in the external environment, and the mass transfer confined in the biological ion channels is in a single strand form. Herein, an asymmetrical membrane with angstrom‐sized pores is constructed by growth of ZIF‐90 membrane on the porous anodic aluminum oxide film. Due to the confinement effect of angstrom‐sized pores of ZIF‐90, ions transport through the pores of ZIF‐90 suffer from multiple dehydration‐hydration‐dehydration process in the form of a single ionic chain. Molecular dynamics simulations imply that ions inside the pores of ZIF‐90 are partially dehydrated. In alkaline condition, high rectification ratios of 237, 295, and 357 can be achieved in 10 × 10−3 m KCl, NaCl, and LiCl electrolyte, respectively. Besides, the strong electrostatic interaction between ions and the confined ZIF‐90 pores makes the ions transport through the asymmetrical membrane suffer from an energy barrier, and the energy barrier is different with different ion species. This work helps to understand the ions transfer mechanism through angstrom‐sized pores, which can provide guidance for the design of asymmetrical membrane and boost their applications.
An exploration of effective fuzzing for side‐channel cache leakage
Authors: Basu Tiyash , Aggarwal Kartik , Wang Chundong , Chattopadhyay Sudipta 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAdversaries can compute the secret information of a program, such as the key for encryption routines, from side channels in the light of timing‐based and access‐based CPU cache behaviours. As a result, it is crucial to understand whether a program is vulnerable to side‐channel cache leakage or not. Yet how we can find out such a vulnerability in a program remains a problem. In this paper, we revisit this problem and contemplate a test‐generation methodology, which, in both timing‐based and access‐based dimensions, systematically discovers the cache side‐channel leakage of an arbitrary software program. At the core of our test‐generation framework is an algorithm that explores the program's input space and adapts at runtime according to observed cache performance in the executed tests. We have implemented our test generator for timing‐based and access‐based attack tests and evaluated it with open‐source subject programs, including ones from OPENSSL and Linux GDK libraries. Our extensive evaluation effectively discloses the vulnerabilities of these real‐world software to both timing‐based and access‐based cache attacks. We also empirically show that our test generator achieves higher and comparable effectiveness, respectively, in simulations and real hardware platforms with regard to revealing cache side‐channel leakage than do state‐of‐the‐art fuzz testing tools.
Present state and future prospect of autonomous control technology for industrial drones
Authors: Nonami Kenzo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article includes of a technical and general discussion about a future prospective of flying robot. Drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) should be evolving to real and bio‐inspired flying robots. The concept of guidance, navigation and control is first explained and defined. Next, the autonomy (safety) class of drones, future roadmaps, and a correlation diagram between the flight level of drone and autonomy (safety) will be described, and a fault‐tolerant control system is introduced. Finally, the ideal state of autonomous control in the near future and realization of autonomy, as well as top‐level autonomy as Class A by a supervisor (guidance system), will be defined. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCities around the world are failing people with disabilities, who represent 15–20% of the world’s population. These failures exist across every sector of life. Historically, people with disabilities have been treated as objects of charity in need of custodial care. However, urban planners who are well positioned to help usher in a new wave of urban reforms and cities around the world like Dubai are experimenting with more inclusive and equitable policies. These new approaches are fundamentally restructuring urban planning and design. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and UAE Federal Law No. 29 challenge normative approaches to spatial justice and policy. This chapter explores how these innovations seek to remove obstacles for people with disabilities. The case of the United Arab Emirates may at first glance appear to be an atypical case of disability-related development, but its unique position illustrates broader structural challenges and tensions inherent to the process of broad-based, cross-sectoral reforms. Building upon an original innovative framework, this book assesses the transformation of disability rights in Dubai and adds an urban dimension to the Capability Model of Disability by addressing the theoretical gaps that impede social inclusion of people with disabilities in cities.
Exploring Functionings and Freedoms in Dubai
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe period from 2006 to 2013 in Dubai was an era of hyper-urbanization and rapid growth. Disability policies, programs, and engagement with people with disabilities were occurring in tandem with the rapid modernization of the city-state. How did these changing physical, social, and institutional contexts impact the lives of people with disabilities across the two separate but interconnected domains, basic functionings and basic freedoms? This time period was also notable for the lack of a comprehensive approach to disability policy and accessibility reforms. Interview respondents indicated that approaches were fragmented and there was a clear gap between what the public sector agencies said they were doing and the type of services and opportunities people with disabilities and their families actually received. This highlighted the importance of advocating for specific actions and policies to ensure the provisions outlined in Federal Law No. 29 and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities were being achieved.
Charting Access and Inclusion in Future Cities
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHow can access and inclusion become an integral part of the cities of the future? Initiatives such as Smart Dubai hold the answers to making infrastructure investments that deliver economic and social advantage to all of a city’s people. This chapter looks at the concept of the “Smart City,” namely cities that use decision making, planning, and infrastructure to achieve vastly improved connectivity, efficiency, and access to city services. However, the Smart City also needs to be an accessible city. The Dubai Disability Strategy created a framework for shared governance and measurable progress toward ensuring that Dubai would become an inclusive, rights-based, barrier-free city for people with disabilities. By integrating accessibility standards into the procurement process and standardizing national platforms in line with global access requirements, the government of Dubai can leverage technology to bridge the divide between people with disabilities and those without. The success of the Dubai Strategic Plan and the Dubai Disability Strategy have created a blueprint for inclusive public policy and spurred new initiatives at the federal level. Dubai’s local law and strategy is reforming federal institutions. The scaling up of local practices promises to be a catalyst for an even greater commitment to building accessible and inclusive cities across the region.
Plant cell wall integrity maintenance in model plants and crop species-relevant cell wall components and underlying guiding principles
Authors: Gigli-Bisceglia Nora , Engelsdorf Timo , Hamann Thorsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe walls surrounding the cells of all land-based plants provide mechanical support essential for growth and development as well as protection from adverse environmental conditions like biotic and abiotic stress. Composition and structure of plant cell walls can differ markedly between cell types, developmental stages and species. This implies that wall composition and structure are actively modified during biological processes and in response to specific functional requirements. Despite extensive research in the area, our understanding of the regulatory processes controlling active and adaptive modifications of cell wall composition and structure is still limited. One of these regulatory processes is the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism, which monitors and maintains the functional integrity of the plant cell wall during development and interaction with environment. It is an important element in plant pathogen interaction and cell wall plasticity, which seems at least partially responsible for the limited success that targeted manipulation of cell wall metabolism has achieved so far. Here, we provide an overview of the cell wall polysaccharides forming the bulk of plant cell walls in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants and the effects their impairment can have. We summarize our current knowledge regarding the cell wall integrity maintenance mechanism and discuss that it could be responsible for several of the mutant phenotypes observed.
Stability Within $$T^2$$-Symmetric Expanding Spacetimes
Authors: Berger Beverly K. , Isenberg James , Layne Adam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe prove a nonpolarised analogue of the asymptotic characterisation of $$T^2$$T2-symmetric Einstein flow solutions completed recently by LeFloch and Smulevici. In this work, we impose a condition weaker than polarisation and so our result applies to a larger class. We obtain similar rates of decay for the normalised energy and associated quantities for this class. We describe numerical simulations which indicate that there is a locally attractive set for $$T^2$$T2-symmetric solutions not covered by our main theorem. This local attractor is distinct from the local attractor in our main theorem, thereby indicating that the polarised asymptotics are unstable.
Selectively reduced contrast sensitivity in high schizotypy
Authors: Harper Lauren , Spencer Emily , Davidson Colin , Hutchinson Claire V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeficits in the ability to encode small differences in contrast between adjacent parts of an image (contrast sensitivity) are well documented in schizophrenic patients. In the present study, we sought to determine whether contrast sensitivity deficits reported in schizophrenic patients are also evident in those who exhibit high schizotypy scores in a typical (i.e., non-schizophrenic) population. Using the O-Life Questionnaire, we determined the effects of schizotypy on spatial (0.5, 2 and 8 c/deg) and spatiotemporal (0.5 and 8 c/deg at 0.5 and 8 Hz) contrast sensitivity in 73 young (18–26 years), majority female (n = 68) participants. We found differences in contrast sensitivity that were spatial, spatiotemporal and O-Life subscale specific. Spatial contrast sensitivity was significantly lower in high, compared to low schizotypes at low spatial frequencies (0.5 c/deg) in those who scored highly on the Unusual Experiences and Cognitive Disorganisation O-Life subscales. For moving stimuli, individuals with high scores on the Unusual Experiences subscale exhibited lower spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity for 0.5 and 8 c/deg patterns drifting at 8 Hz. Although the effects reported here were relatively small, this is the first report of reduced contrast sensitivity in schizotypy.
Clinical outcome of standardized 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy in metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving 7400 MBq every 4 weeks
Authors: Rasul Sazan , Hacker Marcus , Kretschmer-Chott Elisabeth , Leisser Asha , Grubmüller Bernhard , Kramer Gero , Shariat Shahrokh , Wadsak Wolfgang , Mitterhauser Markus , Hartenbach Markus , Haug Alexander R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radio-ligand therapy (PSMA-RLT) is emerging in patients with an advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Here, we aimed to estimate the results of PSMA-RLT in terms of response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in patients receiving a highly standardized treatment regimen due to mCRPC. The toxicity of PSMA-RLT has also been evaluated.

Patients and methods
Fifty-four patients (mean age 72 ± 7 years, median PSA at time of initial therapy 66 [range 1.0–4890 μg/L]), receiving three PSMA-RLT cycles (mean 7315 ± 573 MBq) at four weekly intervals, were included in this retrospective analysis. Hematological and biochemical parameters were regularly determined in every patient. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to assess PFS and OS and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze significant associations. Treatment response was based on PSA measurements 4 weeks after the 3rd treatment.

Results
The majority of patients were previously treated with abiraterone/enzalutamide (69%) and docetaxel/cabazitaxel (67%). In total, 79% of the patients showed a decrease in PSA (median PSA decrease from 66 to 19.8, range 0.7–4563 μg/L, P < 0.001) 1 month after the 3rd therapy cycle. Among them, 58% and 35% demonstrated a PSA-decline of > 50% and > 80%, respectively. Median OS was 119 weeks; median PFS was 25 weeks. Patients presenting with a PSA decline had significantly longer PFS (27 vs. 15 weeks, P < 0.0001) and OS (median survival not reached vs. 52 weeks, P < 0.001) than patients with no PSA reduction. Moreover, patients with reduction in PSA levels ≥ 50% (median survival not reached vs. 52 weeks, P < 0.0001) and ≥ 80% (median survival not reached vs. 87 weeks, P = 0.008) lived significantly longer. While hemoglobin did not change during treatment, levels of platelets (236 ± 71 g/L vs. 193 ± 67 g/L) and leucocytes (6.5, range 2.9–13.7 g/L vs. 4.8, range 1.5–12.3 g/L) decreased significantly, both P < 0.001. Two grade 3 leukocytopenia and one grade 3 anemia were observed.

Conclusion
Intense PSMA-RLT regime with four weekly intervals between the cycles is well-tolerated and offers favorable response rates, PFS, and survival rates for patients with mCRPC.
Correction to: Longitudinal multi-modal muscle-based biomarker assessment in motor neuron disease
Authors: Jenkins Thomas M. , Alix James J. P. , Fingret Jacob , Esmail Taniya , Hoggard Nigel , Baster Kathleen , McDermott Christopher J. , Wilkinson Iain D. , Shaw Pamela J. 
Published: November 2019

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The numbers in the Table 5 appear to have been reproduced wrongly as dates, rather than percentages.