bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of fibroblasts from patients with cblC and cblG genetic defects of cobalamin metabolism reveals global dysregulation of alternative splicing
Authors: Rashka Charif , Hergalant Sébastien , Dreumont Natacha , Oussalah Abderrahim , Camadro Jean-Michel , Marchand Virginie , Hassan Ziad , Baumgartner Matthias R , Rosenblatt David S , Feillet François , Guéant Jean-Louis , Flayac Justine , Coelho David 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTVitamin B12 or cobalamin (Cbl) metabolism can be affected by genetic defects leading to defective activity of either methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or methionine synthase or both enzymes. Patients usually present with a wide spectrum of pathologies suggesting that various cellular processes could be affected by modifications in gene expression. We have previously demonstrated that these genetic defects are associated with subcellular mislocalization of RNA-binding proteins (RBP) and subsequent altered nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of mRNAs. In order to characterize the possible changes of gene expression in these diseases, we have investigated global gene expression in fibroblasts from patients with cblC and cblG inherited disorders by RNA-seq. The most differentially expressed genes are strongly associated with developmental processes, neurological, ophthalmologic and cardiovascular diseases. These associations are consistent with the clinical presentation of cblC and cblG disorders. Multivariate analysis of transcript processing revaled splicing alterations that led to dramatic changes in cytoskeleton organization, response to stress, methylation of macromolecules and RNA binding. The RNA motifs associated with this differential splicing reflected a potential role of RBP such as HuR and HNRNPL. Proteomic analysis confirmed that mRNA processing was significantly disturbed. This study reports a dramatic alteration of gene expression in fibroblasts of patients with cblC and cblG disorders, which resulted partly from disturbed function of RBP. These data suggest to evaluate the rescue of the mislocalization of RBP as a potential strategy in the treatment of severe cases who are resistant to classical treatments with co-enzyme supplements.
Shrinking Scale Equidistribution for Monochromatic Random Waves on Compact Manifolds
Authors: de Courcy-Ireland Matthew 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe prove equidistribution at shrinking scales for the monochromatic ensemble on a compact Riemannian manifold of any dimension. This ensemble on an arbitrary manifold takes a slowly growing spectral window in order to synthesize a random function. With high probability, equidistribution takes place close to the optimal wave scale and simultaneously over the whole manifold. The proof uses Weyl’s law to approximate the two-point correlation function of the ensemble, and a Chernoff bound to deduce concentration.
Effects of feed removal on thermoregulation and intestinal morphology in pigs recovering from acute hyperthermia
Authors: Kpodo Kouassi R , Duttlinger Alan W , Maskal Jacob M , Johnson Jay S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Feed consumption increases body temperature and may delay a return to euthermia and exacerbate intestinal injury following acute hyperthermia recovery in pigs. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the effects of feed removal on body temperature and intestinal morphology in pigs exposed to acute hyperthermia and then rapidly cooled. Twenty-four gilts (78.53 ± 5.46 kg) were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; n = 12 pigs; 21.21 ± 0.31 °C; 61.88 ± 6.93% RH) conditions for 6 h, or heat stress (HS; 38.51 ± 0.60 °C; 36.38 ± 3.40% RH) conditions for 3 h followed by a 3-h recovery period of rapid cooling (HSC;n = 12 pigs; TN conditions and cold water dousing). Within each recovery treatment, one-half of the pigs were provided feed ad libitum (AF; n = 6 pigs per recovery treatment) and one-half of the pigs were not provided feed (NF; n = 6 pigs per recovery treatment). Gastrointestinal (TGI), vaginal (TV), and skin (TSK) temperatures and respiration rate (RR) were recorded every 15 min. Pigs were video-recorded to assess feeding and drinking attempts. Immediately following the 6-h thermal stress period, pigs were euthanized, and intestinal samples were collected to assess morphology. During the HS period, Tv, TGI, TSK, and RR were increased (P &lt; 0.01; 1.63, 2.05, 8.32 °C, and 88 breaths per min, respectively) in HSC vs. TN pigs, regardless of feeding treatment. Gastrointestinal temperature was greater (P = 0.03; 0.97 °C) in HSC + AF vs. HSC + NF pigs from 45 to 180 min of the recovery period. During the recovery period, feeding attempts were greater (P = 0.02; 195.38%) in AF vs. NF pigs. No drinking attempt differences were detected with any comparison (P &gt; 0.05). A decrease (P &lt; 0.01) in jejunum and ileum villus height (24.72% and 26.11%, respectively) and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (24.03% and 25.29%, respectively) was observed in HSC vs. TN pigs, regardless of feeding treatment. Ileum goblet cells were reduced (P = 0.01; 37.87%) in HSC vs. TN pigs, regardless of feeding treatment. In summary, TGI decreased more rapidly following acute hyperthermia when the feed was removed, and this may have implications toward using feed removal as a strategy to promote acute hyperthermia recovery in pigs.
Light or Dark Pigmentation of Engineered Skin Substitutes Containing Melanocytes Protects Against Ultraviolet Light-Induced DNA Damage In Vivo
Authors: Supp Dorothy M , Hahn Jennifer M , Lloyd Christopher M , Combs Kelly A , Swope Viki B , Abdel-Malek Zalfa , Boyce Steven T 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEngineered skin substitutes (ESS) containing autologous fibroblasts and keratinocytes provide stable wound closure in patients with large, full-thickness burns, but are limited by hypopigmentation due to absence of added melanocytes. DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV) increases risk for skin cancer development. In human skin, melanocytes provide pigmentation that protects skin from UV-induced DNA damage. This study investigated whether inclusion of human melanocytes (hM) affects the response of ESS to UV in vivo. Specifically, pigmentation and formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), the most prevalent UV-induced DNA photoproduct, were analyzed. Three groups of ESS were prepared with fibroblasts and keratinocytes, ± melanocytes, and grafted orthotopically to immunodeficient mice: ESS without melanocytes (ESS-hM), ESS with light skin-derived (Caucasian) melanocytes (ESS+hM-L), and ESS with dark skin-derived (African-American) melanocytes (ESS+hM-D). Pigmentation of ESS+hM-L and ESS+hM-D increased significantly after grafting; pigmentation levels were significantly different among groups. Mean melanocyte densities in ESS+hM-L and ESS+hM-D were similar to each other and to densities in normal human skin. After 8 weeks in vivo, grafts were irradiated with 135 mJ/cm2 UV; non-UV-treated mice served as controls. UV modestly increased pigmentation in the ESS+hM groups. UV significantly increased CPD levels in ESS-hM, and levels in ESS-hM were significantly greater than in ESS+hM-L or ESS+hM-D. The results demonstrate that light or dark melanocytes in ESS decreased UV-induced DNA damage. Therefore, melanocytes in ESS play a photoprotective role. Protection against UV-induced DNA damage is expected to reduce skin cancer risk in patients grafted with ESS containing autologous melanocytes.
Insomnia and Neurocognitive Functioning in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Tonning Olsson Ingrid , Lubas Margaret M , Li Chenghong , Mandrell Belinda N , Banerjee Pia , Howell Carrie R , Ness Kirsten K , Srivastava Deokumar , Robison Leslie L , Hudson Melissa M , Krull Kevin R , Brinkman Tara M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
In noncancer populations, insomnia is known to affect neurocognitive processes. Although the prevalence of insomnia appears to be elevated in survivors of childhood cancer, relatively little is known about its association with neurocognitive performance in this at-risk population.

Methods
A total of 911 survivors (51.9% female; mean [SD] age, 34 [9.0] years; time since diagnosis, 26 [9.1] years) completed direct assessments of attention, memory, processing speed, and executive functioning and self-reported symptoms of sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue), and daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale). Sex-stratified general linear models were used to examine associations between insomnia and neurocognitive performance, with adjustment for treatment exposures and chronic health conditions. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
Insomnia was reported by 22.1% of females and 12.3% of males (P &lt; .001). After adjustment for neurotoxic treatment exposures, insomnia (vs healthy sleepers with no daytime fatigue or sleepiness) was associated with worse neurocognitive performance in the domains of verbal reasoning, memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed (verbal reasoning: males β = −0.34, P = .04, females β = −0.57, P &lt; .001; long-term memory: males β = −0.60, P &lt; .001, females β = −0.36, P = .02; sustained attention: males β = −0.85, P &lt; .001, females β = −0.42, P = .006; cognitive flexibility: males β = −0.70, P = .002, females β = −0.40, P = .02). Self-reported sleep disturbance without daytime fatigue or sleepiness or daytime fatigue or sleepiness alone were not consistently associated with poorer neurocognitive performance.

Conclusions
Insomnia was highly prevalent and contributed to the neurocognitive burden experienced by adult survivors of childhood cancer. Treatment of insomnia may improve neurocognitive problems in survivors.
An Adaptive and Evidence-Based Approach to Building and Retaining Gender Diversity within a University Forestry Education Program: A Case Study of SWIFT
Authors: Crandall Mindy S , Costanza Kara K L , Zukswert Jenna M , Kenefic Laura S , Leahy Jessica E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Abstract
Retaining women in forestry and other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields is a challenge. University education represents a critical point along the forestry pipeline in which women might leave the profession. Concerned with the low number of women graduating with bachelor’s degrees in forestry from the University of Maine’s School of Forest Resources, a group of faculty and students formed Supporting Women in Forestry Today (SWIFT) in 2016. An organization guided by literature on improving gender diversity in the workplace, SWIFT has taken an adaptive and evidence-based approach while hosting events throughout each academic year. Surveys indicate that SWIFT has been effective at helping participants increase awareness of gender-related issues, gain strategies, and develop connections. Although challenges still exist for women in forestry, this case study suggests that SWIFT is an effective model that could be used elsewhere to support the retention of women in the forestry profession.
Elementary cellular automata and self-referential paradoxes
Authors: HSIUNG MING 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe associate an elementary cellular automaton with a set of self-referential sentences, whose revision process is exactly the evolution process of that automaton. A simple but useful result of this connection is that a set of self-referential sentences is paradoxical, iff (the evolution process for) the cellular automaton in question has no fixed points. We sort out several distinct kinds of paradoxes by the existence and features of the fixed points of their corresponding automata. They are finite homogeneous paradoxes and infinite homogeneous paradoxes. In some weaker sense, we will also introduce no-no-sort paradoxes and virtual paradoxes. The introduction of these paradoxes, in turn, leads to a new classification of the cellular automata.
On the origin of dust in galaxy clusters at low-to-intermediate redshift
Authors: Gjergo Eda , Palla Marco , Matteucci Francesca , Lacchin Elena , Biviano Andrea , Fan Xilong 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Stacked analyses of galaxy clusters at low-to-intermediate redshift show signatures attributable to dust, but the origin of this dust is uncertain. We test the hypothesis that the bulk of cluster dust derives from galaxy ejecta. To do so, we employ dust abundances obtained from detailed chemical evolution models of galaxies. We integrate the dust abundances over cluster luminosity functions (one-slope and two-slope Schechter functions). We consider both a hierarchical scenario of galaxy formation and an independent evolution of the three main galactic morphologies: elliptical/S0, spiral and irregular. We separate the dust residing within galaxies from the dust ejected in the intracluster medium. To the latter, we apply thermal sputtering. The model results are compared to low-to-intermediate redshift observations of dust masses. We find that in any of the considered scenarios, elliptical/S0 galaxies contribute negligibly to the present-time intracluster dust, despite producing the majority of gas-phase metals in galaxy clusters. Spiral galaxies, instead, provide both the bulk of the spatially unresolved dust and of the dust ejected into the intracluster medium. The total dust-to-gas mass ratio in galaxy clusters amounts to 10−4, while the intracluster medium dust-to-gas mass ratio amounts to 10−6 at most. These dust abundances are consistent with the estimates of cluster observations at 0.2 &lt; z &lt; 1. We propose that galactic sources, spiral galaxies in particular, are the major contributors to the cluster dust budget.
SnowPac: a multiscale cubic B-spline wavelet compressor for astronomical images
Authors: Pulido Jesus , Zheng Caixia , Thorman Paul , Hamann Bernd 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
As more advanced and complex survey telescopes are developed, the size and scale of data being captured grows at increasing rates. Across various domains, data compression through wavelets has enabled the reduction of data size and increase in computation efficiency. In this paper, we provide qualitative and quantitative tests of a new wavelet-based image compression method compared against the current standard for astronomical images. The analysis is improved by making use of state-of-the-art object detection systems to accurately measure the impact of the compression. We find that a combination of lossy wavelet-based methods, efficient quantization, and lossless dictionary compressors can preserve up to 98 per cent of astronomical objects at a 10:1 compression ratio. This significant reduction in file size also preserves astronomical object properties better than existing methods. These methods help further reduce future workloads for image-heavy processing pipelines.
Absolute parameters of three southern eclipsing binaries: DQ Car, BK Ind, and V4396 Sgr
Authors: Sürgit Derya , Erdem Ahmet , Engelbrecht Chris A , Marang Fred 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present combined photometric and spectroscopic analyses of the three southern eclipsing binary stars: DQ Car, BK Ind, and V4396 Sgr. Radial velocity curves of these three systems were obtained at the South African Astronomical Observatory, and their light curves from the available data bases and surveys were used for the analysis. 75 new times of minima for these three eclipsing binaries were derived, and their ephemerides were updated. Only the O–C diagram of DQ Car indicates a cyclical variation, which was interpreted in terms of the light-time effect due to a third body in the system. Our final models describe these three systems as Algol-like binary stars with detached configurations. The masses and radii were found to be M1 = 1.86(±0.17) M⊙, R1 = 1.63(±0.06) R⊙ and M2 = 1.74(±0.17) M⊙, R2 = 1.52(±0.07) R⊙ for the primary and secondary components of DQ Car; M1 = 1.16(±0.05) M⊙, R1 = 1.33(±0.03) R⊙ and M2 = 0.98(±0.04) M⊙, R2 = 1.00(±0.03) R⊙ for BK Ind; and M1 = 3.14(±0.22) M⊙, R1 = 3.00(±0.09) R⊙ and M2 = 3.13(±0.24) M⊙, R2 = 2.40(±0.08) R⊙ for V4396 Sgr, respectively. The distances to DQ Car, BK Ind, and V4396 Sgr were derived to be 701(±50), 285(±20), and 414(±30) pc from the distance modulus formula, taking into account interstellar extinction. The evolutionary status of these three systems was also studied. It has been found that the components of DQ Car are very young stars at the age of ∼25 Myr and those of BK Ind and V4396 Sgr are evolved main-sequence stars at the ages of ∼2.69 Gyr and ∼204 Myr, respectively.
The origin of dust in galaxies across cosmic time
Authors: Triani Dian P , Sinha Manodeep , Croton Darren J , Pacifici Camilla , Dwek Eli 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the dust evolution in galaxies by implementing a detailed dust prescription in the SAGE semi-analytical model (SAM) for galaxy formation. The new model, called Dusty SAGE, follows the condensation of dust in the ejecta of Type II supernovae and asymptotic giant branch stars, grain growth in the dense molecular clouds, destruction by supernovae shocks, and the removal of dust from the interstellar medium (ISM) by star formation, reheating, inflows, and outflows. Our model successfully reproduces the observed dust mass function at redshift z = 0 and the observed scaling relations for dust across a wide range of redshifts. We find that the dust mass content in the present Universe is mainly produced via grain growth in the ISM. By contrast, in the early Universe, the primary production mechanism for dust is the condensation in stellar ejecta. The shift of the significant production channel for dust characterizes the scaling relations of dust-to-gas (DTG) and dust-to-metal (DTM) ratios. In galaxies where the grain growth dominates, we find positive correlations for DTG and DTM ratios with both metallicity and stellar mass. On the other hand, in galaxies where dust is produced primarily via condensation, we find negative or no correlation for DTM and DTG ratios with either metallicity or stellar mass. In agreement with observation showing that the circumgalactic medium contains more dust than the ISM, our model also shows the same trend for z &lt; 4. Our SAM is publicly available at https://github.com/dptriani/dusty-sage.
On the activity of comets: understanding the gas and dust emission from comet 67/Churyumov–Gerasimenko’s south-pole region during perihelion
Authors: Gundlach B , Fulle M , Blum J 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
When comets approach the Sun, their surface is heated and the volatile species start to sublimate. Due to the increasing gas pressure, dust is ejected off the surface, which can be observed as cometary coma, dust tail, and trail. However, the underlying physical processes are not fully understood. Using state-of-the-art results for the transport of heat and gas as well as of the mechanical properties of cometary matter, we intend to describe the activity pattern of comets when they approach the Sun. We developed a novel thermophysical model to simulate the dust ejection from comet 67/Churyumov–Gerasimenko’s south-pole region at perihelion. Based on the input parameters, this model computes the sub-surface temperature profile, the pressure build-up, and the redistribution of volatiles inside the cometary sub-surface region and provides mass-loss rates of dust and gas as well as typical sizes and ice content of the ejected dust chunks. Our thermophysical model allows for continuous gas and dust ejection from the Southern hemisphere of comet 67/Churyumov–Gerasimenko at perihelion. We find that the model output is in general agreement with the observed Rosetta data. The sublimation of CO2 ice drives the ejection of very large ($\gtrsim 10\, \mathrm{cm}$) chunks, which contain $10\, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ to $90 \, {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the initial water–ice content. In contrast, the outgassing of H2O ice causes the lift-off of small clusters of dust aggregates, which contain no ice.
Supernova feedback and the energy deposition in molecular clouds
Authors: Lucas William E , Bonnell Ian A , Dale James E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Feedback from supernovae is often invoked as an important process in limiting star formation, removing gas from galaxies and, hence, as a determining process in galaxy formation. Here, we report on numerical simulations, investigating the interaction between supernova explosions and the natal molecular cloud. We also consider the cases with and without previous feedback from the high-mass star in the form of ionizing radiation and stellar winds. The supernova is able to find weak points in the cloud and creates channels through which it can escape, leaving much of the well-shielded cloud largely unaffected. This effect is increased when the channels are preexisting due to the effects of previous stellar feedback. The expanding supernova deposits its energy in the gas that is in these exposed channels, and, hence, sweeps up less mass when feedback has already occurred, resulting in faster outflows with less radiative losses. The full impact of the supernova explosion is then able to impact the larger scale of the galaxy in which it abides. We conclude that supernova explosions have only moderate effects on their dense natal environments but that with preexisting feedback, the energetic effects of the supernova are able to escape and affect the wider scale medium of the galaxy.
Interacting galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations – II: star formation in the post-merger stage
Authors: Hani Maan H , Gosain Hayman , Ellison Sara L , Patton David R , Torrey Paul 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Galaxy mergers are a major evolutionary transformation whose effects are borne out by a plethora of observations and numerical simulations. However, most previous simulations have used idealized, isolated, binary mergers and there has not been significant progress on studying statistical samples of galaxy mergers in large cosmological simulations. We present a sample of 27 691 post-merger (PM) galaxies (0c ≤ z ≤ 1) identified from IllustrisTNG: a cosmological, large box, magnetohydrodynamical simulation suite. The PM sample spans a wide range of merger and galaxy properties (M⋆, μ, fgas). We demonstrate that star-forming (SF) PMs exhibit enhanced star formation rates (SFRs) on average by a factor of ∼2, while the passive PMs show no statistical enhancement. We find that the SFR enhancements: (1) show no dependence on redshift, (2) anticorrelate with the PM’s stellar mass, and (3) correlate with the gas fraction of the PM’s progenitors. However, SF PMs show stronger enhancements which may indicate other processes being at play (e.g. gas phase, feedback efficiency). Although the SFR enhancement correlates mildly with the merger mass ratio, the more abundant minor mergers (0.1 ≤ μ &lt; 0.3) still contribute ${\sim}50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total SFR enhancement. By tracing the PM sample forward in time, we find that galaxy mergers can drive significant SFR enhancements which decay over ∼0.5 Gyr independent of the merger mass ratio, although the decay time-scale is dependent on the simulation resolution. The strongest merger-driven starburst galaxies evolve to be passive/quenched on faster time-scales than their controls.