bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Physiological Age-Grading System for Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Grodowitz Michael J , Elliot Brad , Evans Richard , Rojas Guadalupe , Morales Ramos Juan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The southern green stink bug (SGSB), Nezara viridula (L.), is an important agricultural pest in the United States. Limited information is available on the morphology of the female’s reproductive system in relation to morphological changes associated with the number of eggs produced and egg masses oviposited. The ability to assess reproductive health and reproductive status based on ovarian morphology (i.e., physiological age-grading) can be an important tool for evaluating field populations and laboratory colonies intended for the application of different management strategies and experimental trials. Thus, the goal of this study was to develop a physiological age-grading system for SGSB. Females aged from 0 to 79 d chronologically randomly selected from laboratory colonies and dissected to assess ovarian morphology. Specific morphological differences in ovarian structures including differentiation of the ovarioles, deposition of yolk in the most proximal follicle, quantity and appearance of follicular relics, expansion of the lateral oviducts, and number of developing follicles per ovariole were related to chronological age, the number of eggs produced and number of egg masses. Based on specific combinations of these morphological characteristics, the continuum of ovarian development was divided into three nulliparous (i.e., ‘no eggs’; N1, N2, and N3) and three parous stages (i.e., ‘with eggs’; P1, P2, and P3). Direct relationships were noted between number of eggs produced and physiological age with over 7-fold higher number of eggs and 14-fold higher number of egg masses associated with the P2 and P3 stages, respectively.
Clinical features and prognosis of clinical N0 non-small cell lung cancer exceeding 30 mm
Authors: Kagimoto Atsushi , Tsutani Yasuhiro , Handa Yoshinori , Mimae Takahiro , Miyata Yoshihiro , Okada Morihito 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the characteristics, ground glass opacity ratio and prognosis of patients with clinical N0 non-small cell lung cancer tumours exceeding 30 mm in size.

Methods
Patients with clinical N0 non-small cell lung cancer and total tumour size &gt;30 mm on preoperative computed tomography who underwent complete resection with lobectomy between January 2007 and December 2017 were included. The patients were divided into three groups: pure solid tumour, low ground glass opacity ratio (1–39%) tumour and high ground glass opacity ratio (≥40%) tumour. The cut-off line was determined based on the recurrence rate for every 10% ground glass opacity ratio.

Results
Among the 227 study patients, 129 (56.8%) had a pure solid tumour, 54 (23.8%) had a low ground glass opacity ratio tumour and 44 (19.4%) had a high ground glass opacity ratio tumour. Three-year recurrence-free survival was significantly shorter in patients with a pure solid tumour (57.4%) than in patients with a low ground glass opacity ratio (74.5%; P = 0.009) or a high ground glass opacity ratio tumour (92.1%; P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that ground glass opacity ratio was a significant independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.175; P = 0.037).

Conclusion
Pure solid tumours comprised a large proportion of non-small cell lung cancer tumours &gt;30 mm in size and their prognosis was poor. The presence of ground glass opacity and their relative proportion affect prognosis in patients with clinical N0 non-small cell lung cancer tumours &gt;30 mm in size, similar to those with small-sized tumours.
Diet, prey selection, and activity of Asian golden cats and leopard cats in northern Laos
Authors: Kamler Jan F , Inthapanya Xaysavanh , Rasphone Akchousanh , Bousa Anita , Vongkhamheng Chanthavy , Johnson Arlyne , Macdonald David W 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Asian golden cat (Catopuma temminckii) occurs in small, declining, and highly fragmented populations throughout Southeast Asia, whereas the smaller leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) is common and widespread. In contrast to leopard cats, little is known about the ecology of Asian golden cats, and resource partitioning between these species has not been studied. We used DNA-confirmed scats, camera-trap data, and prey surveys, to determine the diet, prey selection, and activity, of Asian golden cats and leopard cats in a protected area in northern Laos. The two felids had different diets: Asian golden cats consumed mostly ungulates (35% biomass consumed), murid rodents (23%), and carnivores (15%), whereas leopard cats consumed mostly murid rodents (79%). Asian golden cats were not random in their consumption of ungulates, because muntjac (Muntiacus spp.) were selectively consumed over larger ungulates, indicating muntjac were preyed upon rather than scavenged. Dietary overlap between the two felid species was moderate (R0 = 0.60), and the dietary niche breadth of Asian golden cats (B = 8.44) was nearly twice as high as that of leopard cats (4.54). The mean (± SD) scat diameter was greater for Asian golden cats (2.1 ± 0.3 cm) than leopard cats (1.8 ± 0.2 cm), although diameters of leopard cat scats were considerably larger than previously assumed for this species. The felid species differed in their activity patterns, because Asian golden cats were diurnal, whereas leopard cats were nocturnal, although they did not differ in their use of elevation, suggesting there was no habitat segregation. Overall, leopard cats appeared to coexist with Asian golden cats, a potential predator and competitor, by exhibiting dietary and temporal partitioning. Our results showed that muntjac were important prey of Asian golden cats, suggesting the management of muntjac might be important for conserving populations of Asian golden cats.
Membrane Structures Between Craniopharyngioma and the Third Ventricle Floor Based on the QST Classification and Its Significance: A Pathological Study
Authors: Qi Songtao , Liu Yi , Wang Chaohu , Fan Jun , Pan Jun , Zhang Xi’an , Lu Yuntao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between craniopharyngiomas (CP) and the third ventricle floor by analyzing the membranes between them. Eight fetal specimens were first examined by hematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining to determine optimal markers for identifying membrane structures in the sellar region. Then, 17 CP with third ventricle floor involvement that had been removed by total en bloc resection through a transsphenoidal approach were examined. We found that the dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater could be seen to separate type Q tumors from the third ventricle floor. The arachnoid membrane and pia mater could be seen between type S tumors and the third ventricle floor. Pia mater could be seen between type T tumors and the third ventricle floor; however, at the origin point of the tumor, pia mater could be loosened or replaced by the tumor. Although some type T tumors compressed the third ventricle, the ependymal layer remained intact. Based on these embryonic and pathological data, we suggest that CP are nonneuroepithelial, epi-pia mater, and epi-third ventricle tumors.
The hook shape of growing leaves results from an active regulatory process
Authors: Rivière Mathieu , Corre Yoann , Peaucelle Alexis , Derr Julien , Douady Stéphane 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The rachis of most growing compound leaves observed in nature exhibits a stereotypical hook shape. In this study, we focus on the canonical case of Averrhoa carambola. Combining kinematics and mechanical investigation, we characterize this hook shape and shed light on its establishment and maintenance. We show quantitatively that the hook shape is a conserved bent zone propagating at constant velocity and constant distance from the apex throughout development. A simple mechanical test reveals non-zero intrinsic curvature profiles for the rachis during its growth, indicating that the hook shape is actively regulated. We show a robust spatial organization of growth, curvature, rigidity, and lignification, and their interplay. Regulatory processes appear to be specifically localized: in particular, differential growth occurs where the elongation rate drops. Finally, impairing the graviception of the leaf on a clinostat led to reduced hook curvature but not to its loss. Altogether, our results suggest a role for proprioception in the regulation of the leaf hook shape, likely mediated via mechanical strain.
The assimilation of different carbon sources in Candida albicans: Fitness and pathogenicity
Authors: Lok Bronwyn , Adam Mowaffaq Adam Ahmad , Kamal Laina Zarisa Mohd , Chukwudi Nwakpa Anthony , Sandai Rosline , Sandai Doblin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal yeast commonly found on the skin and in the body. However, in immunocompromised individuals, the fungi could cause local and systemic infections. The carbon source available plays an important role in the establishment of C. albicans infections. The fungi's ability to assimilate a variety of carbon sources plays a vital role in its colonization, and by extension, its fitness and pathogenicity, as it often inhabits niches that are glucose-limited but rich in alternative carbon sources. A difference in carbon sources affect the growth and mating of C. albicans, which contributes to its pathogenicity as proliferation helps the fungi colonize its environment. The carbon source also affects its metabolism and signaling pathways, which are integral parts of the fungi's fitness and pathogenicity. As a big percentage of the carbon assimilated by C. albicans goes to cell wall biogenesis, the availability of different carbon sources will result in cell walls with variations in rigidity, adhesion, and surface hydrophobicity. In addition to the biofilm formation of the fungi, the carbon source also influences whether the fungi grow in yeast- or mycelial-form. Both forms play different roles in C. albicans’s infection process. A better understanding of the role of the carbon sources in C. albicans’s pathogenicity would contribute to more effective treatment solutions for fungal infections.
The Completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: measurement of the BAO and growth rate of structure of the luminous red galaxy sample from the anisotropic power spectrum between redshifts 0.6 and 1.0
Authors: Gil-Marín Héctor , Bautista Julián E , Paviot Romain , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , de la Torre Sylvain , Fromenteau Sebastien , Alam Shadab , Ávila Santiago , Burtin Etienne , Chuang Chia-Hsun , Dawson Kyle S , Hou Jiamin , de Mattia Arnaud , Mohammad Faizan G , Müller Eva-Maria , Nadathur Seshadri , Neveux Richard , Percival Will J , Raichoor Anand , Rezaie Mehdi , Ross Ashley J , Rossi Graziano , Ruhlmann-Kleider Vanina , Smith Alex , Tamone Amélie , Tinker Jeremy L , Tojeiro Rita , Wang Yuting , Zhao Gong-Bo , Zhao Cheng , Brinkmann Jonathan , Brownstein Joel R , Choi Peter D , Escoffier Stephanie , de la Macorra Axel , Moon Jeongin , Newman Jeffrey A , Schneider Donald P , Seo Hee-Jong , Vivek Mariappan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyse the clustering of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 16 luminous red galaxy sample (DR16 eBOSS LRG) in combination with the high redshift tail of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Data Release 12 (DR12 BOSS CMASS). We measure the redshift space distortions (RSD) and also extract the longitudinal and transverse baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale from the anisotropic power spectrum signal inferred from 377 458 galaxies between redshifts 0.6 and 1.0, with the effective redshift of zeff = 0.698 and effective comoving volume of $2.72\, {\rm Gpc}^3$. After applying reconstruction, we measure the BAO scale and infer DH(zeff)/rdrag = 19.30 ± 0.56 and DM(zeff)/rdrag = 17.86 ± 0.37. When we perform an RSD analysis on the pre-reconstructed catalogue on the monopole, quadrupole, and hexadecapole we find, DH(zeff)/rdrag = 20.18 ± 0.78, DM(zeff)/rdrag = 17.49 ± 0.52 and fσ8(zeff) = 0.454 ± 0.046. We combine both sets of results along with the measurements in configuration space and report the following consensus values: DH(zeff)/rdrag = 19.77 ± 0.47, DM(zeff)/rdrag = 17.65 ± 0.30 and fσ8(zeff) = 0.473 ± 0.044, which are in full agreement with the standard ΛCDM and GR predictions. These results represent the most precise measurements within the redshift range 0.6 ≤ z ≤ 1.0 and are the culmination of more than 8 yr of SDSS observations.
Optically thin spatially resolved Mg ii emission maps the escape of ionizing photons
Authors: Chisholm J , Prochaska J X , Schaerer D , Gazagnes S , Henry A 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Early star-forming galaxies produced copious ionizing photons. A fraction of these photons escaped gas within galaxies to reionize the entire Universe. This escape fraction is crucial for determining how the Universe became reionized, but the neutral intergalactic medium precludes direct measurement of the escape fraction at high redshifts. Indirect estimates of the escape fraction must describe how the Universe was reionized. Here, we present new Keck Cosmic Web Imager spatially resolved spectroscopy of the resonant Mg ii 2800 Å doublet from a redshift 0.36 galaxy, J1503+3644, with a previously observed escape fraction of 6 per cent. The Mg ii emission has a similar spatial extent as the stellar continuum, and each of the Mg ii doublet lines are well fitted by single Gaussians. The Mg ii is optically thin. The intrinsic flux ratio of the red and blue Mg ii emission line doublet, $R=F_{2796}/F_{2803}$, is set by atomic physics to be two, but Mg$^+$ gas along the line of sight decreases R proportional to the Mg ii optical depth. Combined with the metallicity, R estimates the neutral gas column density. The observed R ranges across the galaxy from 0.8 to 2.7, implying a factor of 2 spatial variation of the relative escape fraction. All of the ionizing photons that escape J1503+3644 pass through regions of high R. We combine the Mg ii emission and dust attenuation to accurately estimate the absolute escape fractions for 10 local Lyman Continuum emitting galaxies and suggest that Mg ii can predict escape fraction within the epoch of reionization.
Vortex lattice in rotating neutron spin-triplet superfluid
Authors: Leinson Lev B 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
In the Ginzburg–Landau limit, a possible texture without singular cores in a rotating neutron spin-triplet superfluid is studied. The lattice of non-singular vortices is constructed with a vorticity diffusely distributed over the entire unit cell. The upper limit of the free energy associated with this structure is estimated, and the result shows that non-singular vortices are more preferable in the core of rotating neutron stars than ordinary linear singular vortices. The order parameter of the studied neutron system belongs to the unitary class. This implies that the superfluid under consideration does not have spin polarization and the core-less 3P2 vortices do not have magnetization, which makes electron scattering by vortices ineffective. For the same reason, pinning with flux tubes is also suppressed. This can affect the hydrodynamics of superfluid neutron stars.
Tests of weak equivalence principle with the gravitational wave signals in the LIGO–Virgo catalogue GWTC-1
Authors: Yang Shu-Cheng , Han Wen-Biao , Wang Gang 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The weak equivalence principle (WEP) is the cornerstone of gravitational theories. At the local scale, WEP has been tested to high accuracy by various experiments. On the intergalactic distance scale, WEP could be tested by comparing the arrival time of different messengers emitted from the same source. The gravitational time delay caused by massive galaxies is proportional to γ + 1, where the parameter γ is unity in general relativity. The values of γ for different massless particles should be different if WEP is violated, i.e. Δγ is used to indicate the deviation from WEP. So far, |Δγ| has been constrained with gamma-ray bursts, fast radio bursts, etc. Here, we report a new constraint of |Δγ| by using the gravitational wave data of binary black hole coalescences in the LIGO–Virgo catalogue GWTC-1. The best constraints imply that |Δγ| ≲ 10−15 at 90 per cent confidence level.
Grad-seq shines light on unrecognized RNA and protein complexes in the model bacterium Escherichia coli
Authors: Hör Jens , Di Giorgio Silvia , Gerovac Milan , Venturini Elisa , Förstner Konrad U , Vogel Jörg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStable protein complexes, including those formed with RNA, are major building blocks of every living cell. Escherichia coli has been the leading bacterial organism with respect to global protein-protein networks. Yet, there has been no global census of RNA/protein complexes in this model species of microbiology. Here, we performed Grad-seq to establish an RNA/protein complexome, reconstructing sedimentation profiles in a glycerol gradient for ∼85% of all E. coli transcripts and ∼49% of the proteins. These include the majority of small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) detectable in this bacterium as well as the general sRNA-binding proteins, CsrA, Hfq and ProQ. In presenting use cases for utilization of these RNA and protein maps, we show that a stable association of RyeG with 30S ribosomes gives this seemingly noncoding RNA of prophage origin away as an mRNA of a toxic small protein. Similarly, we show that the broadly conserved uncharacterized protein YggL is a 50S subunit factor in assembled 70S ribosomes. Overall, this study crucially extends our knowledge about the cellular interactome of the primary model bacterium E. coli through providing global RNA/protein complexome information and should facilitate functional discovery in this and related species.
A Case of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Associated With Mediterranean Spotted Fever in a Healthy 29-Year-Old Female
Authors: Karra Nour , Dolinski Rina , Akria Luiza , Yampoulski Yevgeni , Awad Jamal 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A 29-year-old female presented with fever, headache, and epigastric pain. Though her initial presentation was benign and nonspecific, she soon developed a full-blown cytokine storm with disseminated intravascular coagulation. She was diagnosed with hemophagocytosis secondary to Rickettsia conorii infection. A good outcome was achieved thanks to prompt diagnosis and proper treatment.
Inductive Risk and OxyContin: The Ethics of Evidence and Post-Market Surveillance of Pharmaceuticals in Canada
Authors: Bavli Itai , Steel Daniel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The argument from inductive risk claims that judgments about the moral severity of errors are relevant to decisions about what should count as sufficient evidence for accepting claims. While this idea has been explored in connection with evidence required for the approval of pharmaceuticals, the role of inductive risk in the post-approval process has been largely neglected. In this article, we examine the ethics of inductive risk in connection with revisions to the product monograph for OxyContin in Canada, which understates the risks of addiction and abuse associated with this drug. Using the concept of inductive risk, we consider what evidence should have been sufficient for Health Canada (HC) to revise the product monograph for OxyContin. Given the stakes involved, we argue that a less strict standard of evidence would have been appropriate, yet HC in fact took the opposite course, insisting upon a higher standard of evidence than it normally requires. In addition to providing a novel perspective on the opioid crisis in Canada, this article contributes to existing philosophical work by demonstrating that inductive risks in the post-approval stage are important and linked to pre-approval inductive risks.
The Contradictions of Liminal Legality: Economic Attainment and Civic Engagement of Central American Immigrants on Temporary Protected Status
Authors: Menjívar Cecilia , Agadjanian Victor , Oh Byeongdon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study examines how Temporary Protected Status (TPS) may shape immigrants’ integration trajectories. Building on core themes identified in the immigrant incorporation scholarship, it investigates whether associations of educational attainment with labor market outcomes and with civic participation, which are well established in the general population, hold for immigrants who live in the “liminal legality” of TPS. Conducted in 2016 in five U.S. metropolitan areas, the study is based on a unique survey of Salvadoran and Honduran TPS holders, the majority of immigrants on this status. The analyses find that TPS holders with higher levels of educational attainment do not derive commensurate significant occupational or earnings premiums from their education. In contrast, the analysis of the relationship between educational attainment and civic engagement detects a positive association: more educated TPS holders are more likely to be members of community organizations and to participate in voluntary community service, compared to their less educated counterparts. These findings illustrate the contradictions inherent to TPS as it may hinder certain aspects of immigrant integration but not others. This examination contributes to our understanding of the implications of immigrants’ legal statuses and of immigration law and policy for key aspects of immigrant integration trajectories.
DNA Scanner: a web application for comparing DNA synthesis feasibility, price and turnaround time across vendors
Authors: Doçi Gledon , Fuchs Lukas , Kharbanda Yash , Schickling Paul , Zulkower Valentin , Hillson Nathan , Oberortner Ernst , Swainston Neil , Kabisch Johannes 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
DNA synthesis has become a major enabler of modern bioengineering, allowing scientists to simply order online in silico-designed DNA molecules. Rapidly decreasing DNA synthesis service prices and the concomitant increase of research and development scales bolstered by computer-aided DNA design tools and laboratory automation has driven up the demand for synthetic DNA. While vendors provide user-friendly online portals for purchasing synthetic DNA, customers still face the time-consuming task of checking each vendor of choice for their ability and pricing to synthesize the desired sequences. As a result, ordering large batches of DNA sequences can be a laborious manual procedure in an otherwise increasingly automatable workflow. Even when they are available, there is a high degree of technical knowledge and effort required to integrate vendors’ application programming interfaces (APIs) into computer-aided DNA design tools or automated lab processes. Here, we introduce DNA Scanner, a software package comprising (i) a web-based user interface enabling users to compare the feasibility, price and turnaround time of synthetic DNA sequences across selected vendors and (ii) a Python API enabling integration of these functionalities into computer-aided DNA design tools and automated lab processes. We have developed DNA Scanner to uniformly streamline interactions between synthetic DNA vendors, members of the Global Biofoundry Alliance and the scientific community at large.