bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Struggle for Survival: Genoese Diplomacy with the Sublime Porte in the Face of Spanish and French Opposition
Authors: Mercan F. Özden 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
During the sixteenth century Genoa became a significant ally of the Habsburg Empire. Shared political, commercial, financial, and strategic factors tied the Genoese patricians firmly to Spain. However, their alliance was by no means permanent. The relations between the Genoese and the Spanish crown were not without tensions and conflict. In the mid-sixteenth century, the combination of various factors set the stage for Genoa to reconfigure its alliances in the Mediterranean. Having fallen victim to the Habsburg and Valois conflict and being torn between the two, Genoa was forced to resort to an alternative imperial power, the Ottoman Empire, to protect its integrity and independence, as well as to engage in the Levant trade. This article focuses on this moment of crisis in Genoa and analyzes how it led the Genoese to consider shifting their alliance from the Habsburgs to the Ottomans, who were the former’s most compelling rival in the Mediterranean. Although the Genoese endeavor ultimately ended in failure, the idea of a potential alliance with the Ottomans and the efforts Genoa invested in its diplomatic negotiations provides insight into the strategies a small state used to survive at a time when imperial rivalry over the Mediterranean was escalating.
The Vendor’s Note
Authors: Liebrenz Boris 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
One form of manuscript notes that has not received any scholarly treatment so far is the vendor’s note. Its common characteristic in place and formulary as well as the limited time during which it was used, broadly between the 7th and 10th century AH, warrant the preliminary assessment of this article. It is hoped that the description, analysis, and edition of a small corpus will make it easier to identify this type of note in the future.
Arabe 334a. A Vocalized Kufic Quran in a Non-canonical Hijazi Reading
Authors: van Putten Marijn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This is a study of the Quranic manuscript Arabe 334a held at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It is a vocalized manuscript representing a Quranic reading tradition that falls outside the canonical ten reading traditions known to us today. It is shown that this manuscript, on the basis of verse division, is a Hijazi (probably Medinan) manuscript. The reading represented in the vocalization is likely also a non-canonical Hijazi reading. This article contains an edition of the folios of this manuscript and an in-depth study of the orthography, vocalization, verse division, and general principles and specific variants of the reading.
Biomechanical costs and benefits of sit-and-wait foraging traps
Authors: Blamires Sean J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Traps are rarely used by animals, despite the plausible benefits of broadening the number and diversity of prey that sit-and-wait foragers might be able to capture. The most well-known trap building sit-and-wait foragers are among the invertebrates, i.e. antlions, wormlions, glow worms, caddisflies, and spiders. A plausible hypothesis for the paucity of trap building by other animals is that biomechanical limitations render them inefficient or ineffective at catching sufficient prey. Here I examined the literature to make a valued judgement about the validity of this hypothesis. It appears that antlion and wormlion pit traps cannot catch and retain the largest prey they might expect to encounter. Arachnacampa glowworm traps are functionally efficient, facilitated by the animal’s bioluminescence. Nevertheless they only function in very moist or humid conditions. Caddisfly traps rely on flowing water to be able to capture their prey. Spiders are exceptional in developing a wide range of prey trapping strategies, from webs with dry adhesives, to sticky orb webs, to modified orb webs, e.g. elongated “ladder” webs, to webs with additional structures, and web aggregations. Some spiders have even redesigned their webs to minimize the high prey escape rates associated with web two dimensionality. These webs nevertheless are constructed and used at specific costs. While hard data across all of the invertebrate predators is lacking, there seems to be credence in the hypothesis that the biomechanical limitations placed on trap functionality can explain their limited use among animals.
A certain note on the wrestling behavior of Haemadipsa picta leeches
Authors: Peryga Maja , Miler Krzysztof 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Some terrestrial leeches mate by entwining the anterior ends of their bodies and then copulating. Here, we report first observations of a similar behavioral pattern in Haemadipsa picta terrestrial leeches from Malaysian Borneo. However, because the observed pattern can be easily induced artificially with no clear evidence of copulation, we suggest that it may serve another function, particularly in H. picta. We hypothesize that the wrestling behavior, as we term it, may be a ritualized aggressive display driven by competition for ambush location. Haemadipsid fauna of the region is poorly studied, therefore our observations extend limited knowledge about these leeches and open interesting research avenues for the study of the wrestling behavior.
Using animal tracks to decipher the foraging mode of species capable of altering between the sit-and-wait and widely foraging modes: a case study of the sand viper Cerastes vipera
Authors: Subach Aziz 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The sand viper Cerastes vipera can employ one of two distinct foraging modes, the widely foraging or sit-and-wait mode, depending on the interplay between external and internal factors. Here, I illustrate how tracking methods can be used to evaluate the relative usage of each of the two foraging modes by the sand viper. Foraging theory models generally refer to the time invested in foraging as the main indicator of the energy invested in foraging. I suggest that tracking and counting print marks on trails offer a more precise method of estimating foraging costs in the field. I model the benefits and costs of the viper employing each of the two foraging modes using tracking data, and discuss how it can be used to decipher its foraging mode. I present a measurement approach by which to assess the relative usage of different foraging modes. I contend that the proposed tracking methods and their analysis should prove to be equally applicable to other animals that leave print marks on sand or snow.
Spatial proximity and prey vibratory cues influence collective hunting in social spiders
Authors: Wright Colin M. , Lichtenstein James L.L. , Luscuskie Lauren P. , Montgomery Graham A. , Geary Sara , Pruitt Jonathan N. , Pinter-Wollman Noa , Keiser Carl N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Social spiders are thought to predominantly receive information about their environment through vibrational cues. Thus, group living introduces the challenge of distinguishing useful vibrational information from the background noise of nestmates. Here we investigate whether spatial proximity between colony-mates may allow social spiders (Stegodyphus dumicola) to reduce background noise that might obstruct vibrational information from prey. To do so, we constructed experimental colonies and measured whether the number of spiders in proximity to one another whilst resting could predict the number of spiders that participated in prey capture. Additionally, we exposed spider colonies to five different simulated vibrational cues mimicking prey to determine which cue types spiders were most responsive to. We found that the number of spiders huddled together prior to foraging trials was positively correlated with the number of spiders participating in collective foraging. Furthermore, colonies responded more quickly to pulsed vibrational cues over other types of vibrational patterns. Together these data reveal that both social interactions and prey cues shape how social sit-and-wait predators experience and respond to their environment.
Presentation and Management of Killian Jamieson Diverticulum: A Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: Haddad Narmien , Agarwal Pratima , Levi Jessica R. , Tracy Jeremiah C. , Tracy Lauren F. 
Published: November 2019

Objective:To examine the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management of Killian–Jamieson diverticula (KJD) through literature review.Methods:A comprehensive literature review was conducted through December 2018 using keywords Killian–Jamieson diverticula/diverticulum. Data extracted included clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, surgical management, and postoperative care.Sources:PubMed and Google Scholar.Results:Sixty-eight cases of KJD in 59 reports (29M:39F; median 58 years old) were identified for review. The most common presentation was dysphagia (n = 39), suspected thyroid nodule (n = 24) and globus (n = 14). The majority of KJD (n = 51) occur on the left, with rare reports of right side (n = 11) and bilateral (n = 5) presentation. Thirty-two cases describe surgical management: 22 utilizing a transcervical approach, with (n = 13) or without (n = 9) cricopharyngeal myotomy; and 10 reported endoscopic surgery. Diverticula managed transcervically averaged 3.8 cm in size in comparison to average 2.8 cm in the endoscopic group. Time to diet initiation after transcervical surgery averaged 4 days versus 2 days after endoscopic surgery. Complications were reported in 2/68 cases; both were diverticula recurrence after endoscopic surgery.Conclusion:Killian–Jamieson diverticula is a rare diagnosis that should be considered in the evaluation of dysphagia, globus, and also suspected thyroid nodule. When patient symptoms warrant intervention, a transcervical approach, with or without cricopharyngeal myotomy, is most commonly utilized. In recent years, an endoscopic approach has been presented as an alternative for smaller diverticula. Further understanding of the optimal treatment and postoperative management for KJD requires larger cohorts.Level of Evidence:4
Presence, resilience, and compassion training in clinical education (PRACTICE): Evaluation of a mindfulness-based intervention for residents
Authors: Szuster Richard R , Onoye Jane M , Eckert M Diane , Kurahara David K , Ikeda Reid K , Matsu Courtenay R 
Published: November 2019

Background Residents’ well-being tends to decline in the course of training, yet research on preventive and restorative interventions for residents is limited. Mindfulness-based interventions have been successfully employed to support well-being in practicing physicians, but their impacts on residents are not well established. Objective This paper describes the structure, content, and evaluation of a pilot mindfulness-based intervention program designated PRACTICE (presence, resilience and compassion training in clinical education) that was designed specifically to support resident well-being. Methods A combined sample of 14 postgraduate year one residents from two residency training programs participated in a four-session (8 h) mindfulness-based intervention in the Fall/Winter of 2018. Participants were surveyed before, after, and at 3 months postintervention, on measures of wellness (Professional Fulfillment Index) and mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), along with measures of program engagement. Results Participants demonstrated a significant reduction in burnout at the conclusion of the program. Depression and anxiety screening scores also trended toward improvement. However, participants were not able to sustain these gains. Three months after the conclusion of the program wellness measures had returned to preintervention levels. Conclusions The results of this study support the use of mindfulness-based interventions in resident wellness programs. The lack of an enduring effect indicates the need for a maintenance phase intervention.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage–induced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with ST-segment elevation from the electrocardiogram: Two case reports
Authors: Wei Ting Wei , Lai Pei Fang , Chang Hsin 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a critical disease, and people may get mortality on SAH. Another severe disease induced cardiac arrest is acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and our two cases share the typical characteristics of ACS electrocardiogram (ECG) with ST-segment elevation. The experience is rare and educable, so we present this article to remind emergency physicians in similar cases. Case presentation: Two post-resuscitation electrocardiogram (ECG)-proven cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) revealed ST-segment elevation. Discussion: However, the etiology of the arrest was proven to be subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the Emergency Department. In this article, we shared ECGs and brain CT scans as a reminder to ED doctors to bear in mind other differential diagnoses when ECGs show ST-segment elevation post-resuscitation. Conclusion: Cases such as these alert frontline ED physicians to the possibility of SAH in cardiac arrest patients and the potentially lethal consequence of inappropriate treatment.
Activity monitor use among persons with multiple sclerosis: Report on rate, pattern, and association with physical activity levels
Authors: Silveira Stephanie L , Motl Robert W 
Published: November 2019

Background Commercially available activity monitors are a promising approach for tracking and changing physical activity in multiple sclerosis. Objective This study reports on the rate and pattern of activity monitor use in persons with multiple sclerosis, and compares self-reported physical activity levels between persons who do wear and those who do not wear activity monitors. Methods Participants completed a cross-sectional survey that included a demographic and clinical characteristics scale, activity monitor use questionnaire, and Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) for measuring total and health-promoting physical activity. Results Of the 629 participants who completed the full survey, 249 (40%) reported using an activity monitor. The most common activity monitors were Fitbit, Apple watch, iPhone, and Garmin. There was a significant ( p < 0.05), moderate difference ( d = 0.5) in GLTEQ total scores between activity monitor users (36.6 ± 23.9) and non-users (25.0 ± 22.2), and in GLTEQ Health Contribution Score between activity monitor users (25.6 ± 22.3) and non-users (14.6 ± 18.9) ( p < 0.05, d = 0.5). Self-reported steps from the activity monitor were significantly correlated with GLTEQ total score (ρ = 0.45; r = 0.36) and GLTEQ Health Contribution Score (ρ = 0.41; r = 0.35). Conclusion Activity monitor use is common among persons with multiple sclerosis, and activity monitor users report more total and health-promoting physical activity; this warrants further research investigating how devices may be used as a behavioral intervention tool.
Food-related exposure to systemic pesticides and pesticides from transgenic plants: evaluation of aquatic test strategies
Authors: Bundschuh Rebecca , Bundschuh Mirco , Otto Mathias , Schulz Ralf 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aquatic Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for pesticides relies on standardized experimental protocols focusing on exposure via the water phase or the sediment. Systemic pesticides (e.g., neonicotinoids) or pesticides produced in transgenic plants (e.g.,Btproteins) can be introduced into aquatic ecosystems as part of plant residues. Consequently, they may be taken up by organisms as part of their diet. Here, we analyzed (i) whether standardized aquatic ecotoxicological test guidelines consider an exposure route via food and (ii) whether these tests can be easily modified to take this exposure route into account. From the 156 existing test guidelines, only those for fish and amphibians partly consider a potential route of uptake via food. From the remaining invertebrate guidelines, those focussing on chronic endpoints may be most suitable to cover this exposure path. We suggest assessing the food-related effects of systemic pesticides in a dose-dependent manner using standardized guidelines or methods developed from peer-reviewed literature. For transgenic plants, spiking uncontaminated leaf material with increasing concentrations of the test substances would allow to test for dose responses. After adaption to oral uptake, standard test guidelines currently available for the ERA appear, in principle, suitable for testing effects of systemic pesticides and transgenic plants.
Geographic body size variation of a tropical anuran: effects of water deficit and precipitation seasonality on Asian common toad from southern Asia
Authors: Guo Cheng , Gao Shuai , Krzton Ali , Zhang Long 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTwo previous studies on interspecific body size variation of anurans found that the key drivers of variation are the species’ lifestyles and the environments that they live in. To examine whether those findings apply at the intraspecific level, we conducted a study of the Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus), a terrestrial anuran distributed in tropical regions. The body size of toads from 15 locations, covering the majority of their geographic range, and local environmental data were summarized from published literature. We used a model selection process based on an information-theoretic approach to examine the relationship between toad body size and those environmental parameters.ResultsWe found a positive correlation between the body size of the Asian common toad and the water deficit gradient, but no linkage between body size and temperature-related parameters. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the seasonality of precipitation and body size of females from different sampled populations.ConclusionsAs a terrestrial anuran, the Asian common toad should experience greater pressure from environmental fluctuations than aquatic species. It is mainly distributed in tropical regions where temperatures are generally warm and stable, but water availability fluctuates. Therefore, while thermal gradients are not strong enough to generate selection pressure on body size, the moisture gradient is strong enough to select for larger size in both males and females in dryer regions. Larger body size supports more efficient water conservation, a pattern in accordance with the prediction that lifestyles of different species and their local habitats determine the relationship between body size and environment. In addition, larger females occur in regions with greater seasonality in precipitation, which may happen because larger females can afford greater reproductive output in a limited reproductive season.
Genome-wide prediction and prioritization of human aging genes by data fusion: a machine learning approach
Authors: Arabfard Masoud , Ohadi Mina , Rezaei Tabar Vahid , Delbari Ahmad , Kavousi Kaveh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Machine learning can effectively nominate novel genes for various research purposes in the laboratory. On a genome-wide scale, we implemented multiple databases and algorithms to predict and prioritize the human aging genes (PPHAGE).

Results
We fused data from 11 databases, and used Naïve Bayes classifier and positive unlabeled learning (PUL) methods, NB, Spy, and Rocchio-SVM, to rank human genes in respect with their implication in aging. The PUL methods enabled us to identify a list of negative (non-aging) genes to use alongside the seed (known age-related) genes in the ranking process. Comparison of the PUL algorithms revealed that none of the methods for identifying a negative sample were advantageous over other methods, and their simultaneous use in a form of fusion was critical for obtaining optimal results (PPHAGE is publicly available at https://cbb.ut.ac.ir/pphage).

Conclusion
We predict and prioritize over 3,000 candidate age-related genes in human, based on significant ranking scores. The identified candidate genes are associated with pathways, ontologies, and diseases that are linked to aging, such as cancer and diabetes. Our data offer a platform for future experimental research on the genetic and biological aspects of aging. Additionally, we demonstrate that fusion of PUL methods and data sources can be successfully used for aging and disease candidate gene prioritization.
Molecular and transcriptional characterization of phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins in wild peanuts Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis
Authors: Jin Hanqi , Tang Xuemin , Xing Mengge , Zhu Hong , Sui Jiongming , Cai Chunmei , Li Shuai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPhosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) are involved in the regulation of plant architecture and flowering time. The functions ofPEBPgenes have been studied in many plant species. However, little is known about the characteristics and expression profiles ofPEBPgenes in wild peanut species,Arachis duranensisandArachis ipaensis,the diploid ancestors of cultivated peanuts.ResultsIn this study, genome-wide identification methods were used to identify and characterize a total of 32 peanutPEBPgenes, 16 from each of the two wild peanut species,A. duranensisandA. ipaensis. ThesePEBPgenes were classified into 3 groups (TERMINAL FLOWER1-like,FLOWERING LOCUS T-like, andMOTHER OF FT AND TFL1-like) based on their phylogenetic relationships. The gene structures, motifs, and chromosomal locations for each of thesePEBPswere analyzed. In addition, 4 interchromosomal duplications and 1 tandem duplication were identified inA. duranensis, and 2 interchromosomal paralogs and 1 tandem paralog were identified inA. ipaensis. Ninety-five differentcis-acting elements were identified in thePEBPgene promoter regions and most genes had different numbers and types ofcis-elements. As a result, the transcription patterns of thesePEBPgenes varied in different tissues and under long day and short day conditions during different growth phases, indicating the functional diversities ofPEBPsin different tissues and their potential functions in plant photoperiod dependent developmental pathways. Moreover, our analysis revealed thatAraduF950M/AraduWY2NXinA. duranensis, andAraip344D4/Araip4V81GinA. ipaensisare good candidates for regulating plant architecture, and thatAradu80YRY, AraduYY72S,andAraduEHZ9YinA. duranensisandAraipVEP8TinA. ipaensismay be key factors regulating flowering time.ConclusionSixteenPEBPgenes were identified and characterized from each of the two diploid wild peanut genomes,A. duranensisandA. ipaensis. Genetic characterization and spatio-temporal expression analysis support their importance in plant growth and development. These findings further our understanding ofPEBPgene functions in plant species.