bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Multiphysical Processes in Carbon Dioxide Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Operations: A Numerical Study Using a General Simulation Framework
Authors: Wang Shihao , Di Yuan , Winterfeld Philip H. , Li Jun , Zhou Xianmin , Wu Yu-Shu , Yao Bowen 
Published: December 2020

Summary
In this paper, we aim to enhance our understanding of the multiphysical processes in carbon dioxide (CO2)-enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) (CO2-EOR) operations using a modeling approach. We present the development of a comprehensive mathematical model for thermal/hydraulic/mechanical (THM) simulation of CO2-EOR processes. We adopt the integrated-finite-difference method to simulate coupled THM processes during CO2-EOR in conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In our method, the governing equations of the multiphysical THM processes are solved fully coupled on the same unstructured grid. To rigorously simulate the phase behavior of a three-phase, nonisothermal system, a three-phase flash-calculation module, dependent on the minimization of Gibbs energy, is implemented in the simulator. The simulator is thus applicable to both miscible and immiscible flooding simulations under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions.
We have investigated the effect of cold-CO2 injection on injectivity as well as on phase behavior. We conclude that cold-CO2 injection is an effective way to increase injectivity in tight oil reservoirs and reduces overriding effect in high-water-bearing reservoirs. Using the developed general simulation framework, we have discovered and studied several intriguing multiphysical phenomena that cannot be captured by commonly used reservoir simulators, including the temperature-decreasing phenomenon near the production well and the permeability-enhancement effect induced by the thermal unloading process. These phenomena can be captured only by the fully coupled multiphysical model. The novelty of this paper lies in its integration of multiple physical simulation modules to form a general simulation framework to capture realistic flow and transport processes during CO2 flooding, and in revealing the behavior of cold-CO2 injection under THM effects.
COVID-19 Critical Care Simulations: An International Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alrabiaah Abdulkarim , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Al-Sohime Fahad , Huzaimi Abdullah Al , Alamro Nurah , Alhasan Khalid , Upadhye Vaibhavi , Jamal Amr , Aljamaan Fadi , Alhaboob Ali , Arabi Yaseen , Lazarovici Marc , Boker Abdulaziz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Many healthcare systems initiated rapid training with COVID-19 simulations for their healthcare workers (HCWs) to build surge capacity and optimize infection control measures. This study aimed to describe COVID-19 simulation drills in international healthcare centers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey among simulation team leaders and HCWs, based on each center's debriefing reports from simulation centers from 30 countries in all WHO regions where COVID-19 simulation drills were conducted. The primary outcome measures were the COVID-19 simulations' characteristics, outcomes, facilitators, obstacles, and challenges encountered during the simulation sessions. Results: Invitation was sent to 500 simulation team leaders and HCWs, and 343 responded. Those who completed the study comprised 121 participants: 62.8% females; 56.2% physicians; 41.3% from East Mediterranean (EMRO) countries; 25.6% from Southeast Asian countries (SERO); and 12.4% from Europe. The frequency of simulation sessions was monthly (27.1%), weekly (24.8%), twice weekly (19.8%), or daily (21.5%). Among participants, 55.6% reported the team's full engagement in the simulation sessions. The average session length was 30–60 minutes. The most commonly reported debriefing leaders were ICU staff, simulation lab staff, and E.R. facilitators, and the least common were infection control staff. A total of 80% reported "a lot" to "a great improvement" in terms of clinical preparedness after simulation sessions, and 70% were satisfied with the COVID-19 simulation sessions and thought they were better than expected. Most of the perceived issues reported were related to infection control measures, followed by team dynamics, logistics, and patient transport issues. Conclusion: Simulation centers team leaders and HCWs reported positive feedback on COVID-19 simulation sessions. The presence of multiprofessional personnel during drills is warranted. These drills are a valuable tool for rehearsing safe dynamics of HCWs on the frontline of COVID-19.Trial registration: Not applicable.
Prediction value of IVIM Combining with BOLD-MRI in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Yanhui , Mo Xiaokai , Xie Jianteng , Li Qiuling , Li Sheng , Qi Chunfang , Liang Tiantian , Zhang Yifan , Zhang Shaogui , Chen Zujiao , Qiu Xueqian , Lin Shaochun , Zhang Shuting , Zhang Li , Lin Ting , Li Ruizhao , Li Zhilian , Liang Xinling , Li Zhongwen , Chen Hongmei , Kuang Jian , Liu Zaiyi , Zhang Shuixing , Wang Wenjian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Noninvasive evaluation of hypoxia and fibrosis in kidney simultaneously by functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the prognosis of patients in prospective diabetic kidney disease (DKD) cohort has not been reported. We aim to assess the prediction value of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted image (DWI) in the prognosis of DKD.Methods 77 patients with diabetes mellitus (67 with DKD) were enrolled in this prospective cohort study in single center. BOLD-MRI and IVIM-DWI were used to assess renal hypoxia and fibrosis. A well-validated, reproducible method called twelve-layer concentric objects (TLCO) was applied to quantify the R2* values of BOLD (corresponds to oxygenation) and D values of IVIM (corresponds to fibrosis) derived from MRI. All patients received standard medical care according to guideline during study and followed up for 24.8 ± 12.6 months. The primary end points were serum creatinine (Scr) increasing > 30%, ERSD, or death.Results Our data demonstrated that medullary R2* value (MR2*) was significantly higher and cortical D value (CD) was markedly lower in DKD than those of diabetic controls, and strongly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Both the higher MR2* (log-rank test, P < 0.001) and the lower CD (log-rank test, P < 0.001) predicted a worse outcome of DKD. The corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–0.89] and 0.77 (95% CI 0.64–0.89) respectively. Importantly, combination of MR2* and CD exhibited a more significant efficiency (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.95) than each of them respectively in predicting the outcomes of DKD.Conclusions Integrating BOLD-MRI and IVIM-DWI quantified by TLCO was more efficient than each single of them in assessment of renal outcomes; thus, could be a noninvasive tool to predict the prognosis of DKD.Trial registration The study protocol was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center (NO: ChiCTR-RRC-17012687; date of registration: 16/09/2017).
The current distribution of recently-recruited genes among chromosomes appears increasingly non-random along the evolutionary series from the tetrapoda to the primata
Authors: Stein Wilfred , Hoshen Moshe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The present availability of full genome sequences of a broad range of animal species across the whole range of evolutionary history enables one to ask questions as to the distribution of genes across the chromosomes. Do newly recruited genes, clade by clade, distribute at random or at non-random locations? Results: We extracted values for the “consensus” ages of the human genes and for their current chromosome locations, from published sources. A quantitative analysis showed that the distribution of newly-added genes among and within the chromosomes appears to be increasingly non-random if one observes animals along the evolutionary series from the tetrapoda through to the great apes, whereas the oldest genes are randomly distributed.Conclusions: Randomization will result from chromosome evolution, but less and less time is available for this process as evolution proceeds. Much of the bunching of recently-added genes arises from new gene formation in gene families, near the location of genes that were recruited in the preceding phylostratum. As examples we cite the KRTAP, ZNF, OR and some minor gene families. We show that bunching can also result from the evolution of the chromosomes themselves when, as for the KRTAP genes, blocks of genes that had previously been on disparate chromosomes become linked together.
Effects of long-term Antiepileptic Drug Monotherapy on All-cause Death in Patients with Post-Stroke Epilepsy: A Nationwide Population-based Study
Authors: Hsu Chia-Yu , Cheng Chun-Yu , Lee Jiann-Der , Lee Meng , Ovbiagele Bruce 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective We aim to compare the effect of long-term antiepileptic drug (AED) monotherapy on the risk of death and recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with post-stroke epilepsy (PSE). Patients and Methods We identified all hospitalized patients (≥20 years) with a primary diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke from 2001 to 2012 using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The PSE cohorts were defined as the stroke patients (1) who had no epilepsy and no AEDs use before the index stroke, and (2) who had epilepsy and AEDs use after 14 days from the stroke onset. The PSE patients receiving AED monotherapy were enrolled and were categorized into phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine, and new AED groups. We employed the Cox regression model to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of death and recurrent ischemic stroke within 5 years across all groups, using the new AED group as the reference. Results Of 6962 PSE patients using AED monotherapy, 3917 (56%) were on phenytoin, 1623 (23%) on valproic acid, 457 (7%) on carbamazepine, and 965 (14%) on new AEDs. After adjusting for confounders, compared with new AED users, phenytoin users had a higher risk of death in 5 years (HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.06-2.55). On the other hand, all AED groups showed a similar risk of recurrent ischemic stroke. Conclusion Among PSE patients on first-line monotherapy, compared to new AEDs, use of phenytoin was associated with a higher risk of death in 5 years.
High Levels of anti-Leishmania IgG3 and Low CD4+ T Cells Count were Associated with Relapses in Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Kuschnir Renata , Pereira Leonardo , Dutra Maria Rita , de Paula Ludmila , Silva-Freitas Maria Luciana , Correa-Castro Gabriela , Silva Simone Cruz , Cota Glaucia , Santos-Oliveira Joanna , Da-Cruz Alda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is severe and potentially fatal. Brazil is one of the countries with the greatest endemicity for the disease in the world. The reduction of CD4+ T lymphocytes, B cells activation and high levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6/IL-8/TNF/IL-1β), plasma LPS, soluble CD14, anti-Leishmania IgG3 and low leptin levels are involved in the immunopathogenesis of VL, most associated with severe VL. Despite relapses occurring in about 4-5% of patients with VL not associated with HIV infection, the factors underlying relapses are little known. Our aim was to identify clinical, laboratory and immunological parameters that may be associated with recurrences in VL.Methods: Fifteen VL patients recruited from Hospital Eduardo de Menezes (BH-MG) were grouped into relapsing (R-VL, n=5) and non-relapsing (NR-VL, n=10) and evaluated during active disease, immediately after treatment (post-treatment) and six months post-treatment (6mpt). Clinical and laboratory data obtained from medical records were correlated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and anti-Leishmania Igs and IL-6 plasma levels and compared to those parameters of ten healthy controls.Results: During the active phase of VL, despite similarity in the clinical symptoms, the rates of thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminases (AST and ALT) and hyperbilirubinemia were higher in the NR-VL group compared to R-VL (p<0.05), a profile reversed during the post-treatment phase. All patients had low CD4+ T counts in active phase, however, NR-VL patients had a higher gain of this cell type than R-VL in the post-treatment (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in IgG3 levels during the follow-up in the NR-VL group compared to the R-VL, especially at 6mpt (p<0.05). In addition, IgG3 levels were negatively correlated with CD4+ T counts in the R-VL group (r=-0.52). Elevated levels of IL-6 were observed in active VL and correlated with clinical markers of severity. Conclusions: During active phase of VL, the NR-VL patients presented more severe laboratorial abnormalities compared to R-VL, probably because the latter had already received previous treatment. On the other hand, R-VL exhibited greater impairment of immune reconstitution and a high degree of B lymphocyte activation, which must be a factor that favored relapses.
Application of Real-Time Visual Feedback System in Balance Training of the Center of Pressure with Smart Wearable Devices
Authors: Wang I-Lin , Wang Li-I , Liu Yang , Xue Shi-Jie , Hu Rui , Zhang Ke-Ke , Jian Rong-Jiun , HO Chun-Sheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background: Visual feedback from the center of pressure (COP) on the benefits of standing quietly remains controversial. The study was to investigate the adaptive effect of COP real-time visual feedback training provided by smart wearable devices on standing in silence. Methods: Thirty healthy female college students were randomly divided into three groups (visual feedback balance training group (VFT), non-visual feedback balance training group (NVFT) and control group (CG)) .Two force plates were used to calculate the coordinates of COP anteroposterior (COPAP) and COP mediolateral (COPML).The motion analysis system is used to calculate the coordinates of the center of mass in two directions. Enhanced visual feedback on the screen in the form of fluctuating in different directions, VFT received real-time visual feedback from Podoon APP for training, the NVFT only performs open eye balance without receiving real-time visual feedback. The CG group did not receive any visual feedback. The training lasted 4 weeks, the training lasts 30 minutes at an interval of 1 days. Results: After four weeks of balance training, the results showed that visual feedback training can improve the stability of human posture control by one leg stance and tandem stance static balance training on VFT intelligent App. The parameters of COPML/AP max displacement, COPML/AP velocity and COP radius and COP area in the VFT were significantly increased (p＜0.05).Conclusion: The conclusion shows that COP real-time visual feedback training provided by smart wearable devices can reduce postural sway better and improve body balance ability than general training when standing quietly.
Role of Diabetes Mellitus in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Heart Failure With Mid-Range Ejection Fraction Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A 3-Year Case Series Follow-Up Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Lieyou , Li Ganyang , Chen Huang , Feng Zhihai , Chen Yifan , Zhang Lin , Li Shumei , Chen Lianglong , Fan Lin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgroud Data are limited about the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and the 3-year outcomes in such population.Methods 377 ACS patients with HFmrEF (left ventricular EF 40–49%) underwent PCI (132 diabetic and 245 nondiabetic patients) were included into analysis. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of all-cause death or HF rehospitalization. Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier test were used to assess the effect of diabetes on the primary outcome. Sensitivity analysis was conducted with propensity score-matching analysis.Results During a follow-up of three years, diabetic patients had a higher incidence rate of the primary outcome than nondiabetic patients (96.1 vs. 44.6 per 1000 patient-years, incidence rate ratio 2.301, 95% confidence interval 1.334–3.969; P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus was associated with a significant increase in the composite outcome of all-cause death or HF rehospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio 2.080, 95% confidence interval 1.115–3.878, P=0.021). Sensitivity analysis further confirmed that diabetes mellitus was an independent prognostic factor of long-term adverse outcome for ACS patients with HFmrHF who underwent PCI (adjusted hazard ratio 3.792, 95% confidence interval 1.802-7.980, P＜0.001).Conclusions Among ACS patients with HFmrEF underwent PCI, complicating with T2DM was significantly associated with worse long-term outcomes.
In Silico Metabolic Modeling Reveals Potential Muscle Metabolite Markers of Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients
Authors: Khoshnejat Maryam , Banaei-Moghaddam Ali Mohammad , Kavousi Kaveh , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a challenging and globally ubiquitous metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle is the major insulin-sensitive tissue that plays a great role in blood sugar homeostasis. Dysfunction of muscle metabolism is implicated in the disturbance of glucose hemostasis and the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Here, we attempted to find metabolic dysregulations that are associated with the onset of T2DM. Besides, metabolite markers of T2DM were explored. Methods We reconstructed a human muscle-specific metabolic model and applied it to perform metabolic analysis in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. We investigated the metabolism reprogramming by using two topology-based and constraint-based approach. Moreover, we applied a machine learning method to predict potential metabolite markers of insulin resistance in muscle.Results Our results showed that metabolic alterations have occurred in carbohydrate, fatty acids, lipids, amino acids, and inositol phosphate metabolisms as well as pathways implicated in building extracellular matrix (ECM). Also, dysregulation of coenzyme Q10 metabolism was observed. Moreover, 13 exchange metabolites were predicted as the potential metabolite markers of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. The efficiency of these markers in detecting insulin-resistant muscle was validated using a separate muscle gene expression data from another diabetes-related study. Conclusion In this study, the most updated muscle-specific metabolic model was generated and successfully was validated. This model was used for the investigation of metabolic disturbances at the onset of T2DM. Our results indicated the significance of ECM metabolites in insulin resistance, and reinforce the role of coenzyme Q10 as a candidate for further research in insulin resistance and T2DM treatment. The model is freely available and can be used for other muscle metabolic studies. We also predicted metabolite markers of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle, which can be considered for further empirical investigations.
Nuclear Export Protein CSE1L Interacts with P65 and Promotes NSCLC&nbsp;Growth via NF-κB/MAPK Pathway
Authors: lin Hechun , Li Jing , Chen Dongdong , Zhang Xiao , Yu Tao , Zhao Fangyu , Geng Qin , Kong Hanwei , Li Hong , Yao Ming , Zhu Miaoxin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cancer cells can utilize the transportins into and out of the nucleus to stimulate tumor growth and to effectively evade apoptotic mechanisms. We aimed to identify transportins that are overexpressed in Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and might be targeted to slow the tumor growth. Methods: Using the ONCOMINE and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we compared the gene expression of 24 importins and exportins in 20 cancer microarray datasets and then analyzed the survival of the candidate genes, CSE1L (Chromosome Segregation Like 1 protein/CAS) was finally selected. The expression level of CSE1L was detected in both NSCLC cells and clinical samples. To evaluate the function of CSE1L in vitro and in vivo, CCK-8, colony formation, cell apoptosis and subcutaneous tumor model were performed. The co-immunoprecipitation experiment combined with mass spectrometry was conducted to find out the protein interacted with CSE1L. The underlying mechanism was investigated by RNA-seq and Western blot.Results: 7 transportins were over-expressed in NSCLC patients, and higher expression of CSE1L and XPO5 are associated with shorter survival times. CSE1L was a exportin while the role of tumorigenicity in NSCLC remain unknown. Increased expression of CSE1L in tumor tissues associated with shorter survival times and advanced pathological stage of patients with cancer. The gain- and loss-of-function assays indicated that CSE1L promoted NSCLC cells proliferation and inhibits cells apoptosis. Additionally, we confirmed that CSE1L interacted with RELA (named as P65), and affected its expression in nucleus. RNA-seq results indicated that CSE1L activated the MAPK signaling pathway in NSCLC cells by increasing activity of P65.Conclusions: We reveal the oncogenic role of CSE1L in NSCLC cancer carcinogenesis. CSE1L promotes proliferation of NSCLC cells by activating the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibiting apoptosis in coordination with P65. Our findings highlight that CSE1L may be a target for the treatment of NSCLC cancer.
Anthropometric Analysis of the Growth Proportions of the Head and Face in Koreans.
Authors: Yeo In-Seung , Park Jung-Ah , Lee Hye-In , Koh Ki-Seok , Song Wu-Chul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present study is to identify primarily the morphological characteristics in the growth proportion of the head and face for young Korean (8~24 years) and compare the magnitude of growth changes to the sex-related differences. Total 1,255 were divided into 3 age groups: childhood (8~10 years), adolescence (14~16 years), and young adult (20~24 years). The anthropometric assessments were performed with 11 landmarks on the head and facial dimensions. The standardized frontal and lateral head and face photographs were analyzed the craniofacial growth proportions and morphological features for the comparison of both sexes. The noteworthy differences of anthropometric measurements between sexes with growing were noted on the lower head height (22.6%, 17.8%), midface height (22.0%, 19.6%), lower face height (23.5%, 14.7%), and face length (21.1%, 14.9%), face breadth (14.8%, 11.3%) of males and females, respectively. Whereas the upper head height (7.9%, 6.0%) and upper face height (4.2%, 0%, respectively) were less growing features. The most remarkable changes are the dimension of midface height and lower face height in both sexes. The present study could demonstrate a fundamental example to elucidate the sex-related dimensional differences for the analysis of the growth proportion of both sexes in Koreans.