bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scrib and Dlg1 polarity proteins regulate Ag presentation in human dendritic cells
Authors: Barreda Dante , Ramón-Luing Lucero A , Duran-Luis Olivia , Bobadilla Karen , Chacón-Salinas Rommel , Santos-Mendoza Teresa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We recently reported, for the first time, the expression and regulation of the PDZ polarity proteins Scrib and Dlg1 in human APCs, and also described the viral targeting of these proteins by NS1 of influenza A virus in human dendritic cells (DCs). Scrib plays an important role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Mϕs and uropod formation and migration in T cells, while Dlg1 is important for T cell downstream activation after Ag recognition. Nevertheless, the functions of these proteins in human DCs remain unknown. Here, we knocked-down the expression of both Scrib and Dlg1 in human DCs and then evaluated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokine production during maturation. We demonstrated that Scrib is necessary for adequate CD86 expression, while Dlg1 is important for CD83 up-regulation and IL-6 production upon maturation, suggesting that Scrib and Dlg1 participate in separate pathways in DCs. Additionally, both proteins are required for adequate IL-12 production after maturation. Furthermore, we showed that the inefficient maturation of DCs induced by Scrib or Dlg1 depletion leads to impaired T cell activation. Our results revealed the previously unknown contribution of Scrib and Dlg1 in human DCs pivotal functions, which may be able to impact innate and adaptive immune response.
Computer‐Aided Detection AI Reduces Interreader Variability in Grading Hip Abnormalities With MRI
Authors: Tibrewala Radhika , Ozhinsky Eugene , Shah Rutwik , Flament Io , Crossley Kay , Srinivasan Ramya , Souza Richard , Link Thomas M. , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAccurate interpretation of hip MRI is time‐intensive and difficult, prone to inter‐ and intrareviewer variability, and lacks a universally accepted grading scale to evaluate morphological abnormalities.PurposeTo 1) develop and evaluate a deep‐learning‐based model for binary classification of hip osteoarthritis (OA) morphological abnormalities on MR images, and 2) develop an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based assist tool to find if using the model predictions improves interreader agreement in hip grading.Study TypeRetrospective study aimed to evaluate a technical development.PopulationA total of 764 MRI volumes (364 patients) obtained from two studies (242 patients from LASEM [FORCe] and 122 patients from UCSF), split into a 65–25–10% train, validation, test set for network training.Field Strength/Sequence3T MRI, 2D T2 FSE, PD SPAIR.AssessmentAutomatic binary classification of cartilage lesions, bone marrow edema‐like lesions, and subchondral cyst‐like lesions using the MRNet, interreader agreement before and after using network predictions.Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under curve (AUC), specificity and sensitivity, and balanced accuracy.ResultsFor cartilage lesions, bone marrow edema‐like lesions and subchondral cyst‐like lesions the AUCs were: 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65, 0.95), 0.84 (95% CI 0.67, 1.00), and 0.77 (95% CI 0.66, 0.85), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the radiologist for binary classification were: 0.79 (95% CI 0.65, 0.93) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.59, 1.02), 0.40 (95% CI –0.02, 0.83) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.59, 0.86), 0.75 (95% CI 0.45, 1.05) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.77, 0.98). The interreader balanced accuracy increased from 53%, 71% and 56% to 60%, 73% and 68% after using the network predictions and saliency maps.Data ConclusionWe have shown that a deep‐learning approach achieved high performance in clinical classification tasks on hip MR images, and that using the predictions from the deep‐learning model improved the interreader agreement in all pathologies.Level of Evidence3Technical Efficacy Stage1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1163–1172.
Hyperglycemia, hydroxychloroquine, and the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Brufsky Adam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) infection and its severity can be explained by the concentration of glycosylated severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral particles in the lung epithelium, the concentration of glycosylated angiotensin‐converting enzyme receptor 2 (ACE2) in the lung epithelium, and the degree and control of the pulmonary immune response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein at approximately day 8 to 10 after symptom onset, which may be related to both. Binding of ACE2 by SARS‐CoV‐2 in COVID‐19 also suggests that prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia, and not just a history of diabetes mellitus, may be important in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is tempting to consider that the same mechanism acts in COVID‐19 as in SARS, where an overactive macrophage M1 inflammatory response, as neutralizing antibodies to the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein form at day 7 to 10, results in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in susceptible patients. It also allows consideration of agents, such as hydroxychloroquine, which may interfere with this overly brisk macrophage inflammatory response and perhaps influence the course of the disease, in particular, those that blunt but do not completely abrogate the M1 to M2 balance in macrophage polarization, as well as viral load, which in SARS appears to be temporally related to the onset of ARDS.
Clinical factors related to successful or unsuccessful cardioversion in the EdoxabaN versus warfarin in subjectS UndeRgoing cardiovErsion of Atrial Fibrillation (ENSURE‐AF) randomized trial
Authors: Lip Gregory Y. H. , Merino Jose L. , Banach Maciej , Al‐Saady Naab , Jin James , Melino Michael , Winters Shannon M. , Kozieł Monika , Goette Andreas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundEdoxabaN versus warfarin in subjectS UndeRgoing cardiovErsion of Atrial Fibrillation evaluated use of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant edoxaban vs enoxaparin‐warfarin in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation undergoing electrical cardioversion.HypothesisTo assess clinical factors related to successful or unsuccessful cardioversion. To evaluate whether differences in adverse events based on anticoagulation strategy may exist.MethodsIn this multicenter prospective randomized open‐label blinded end‐point evaluation trial, 2199 patients were randomized to edoxaban 60 mg once daily (30 mg for creatinine clearance 15‐50 mL/min, weight ≤ 60 kg, and/or concomitant use of P‐glycoprotein inhibitor) or enoxaparin‐warfarin. Successful cardioversion was confirmed by 12‐lead electrocardiography‐documented sinus rhythm.ResultsCardioversion was successful in 1578 patients; in 355 patients, cardioversion was unsuccessful. Male, high body weight, high body mass index (BMI), coronary artery disease, concomitant aspirin, or prior statins use were more common in patients with unsuccessful cardioversion; international normalized ratio control did not differ by cardioversion success. On multivariate analysis, gender (P < .05), body weight (P = .0196) and BMI (P = .0377) emerged as independent predictors of successful cardioversion. There were no significant differences in primary efficacy (a composite of stroke, systemic embolic event, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death during overall study period) regardless of cardioversion success. There were no significant differences in bleeding rates, regardless of cardioversion outcome; notwithstanding low numbers, edoxaban and enoxaparin‐warfarin did not differ.ConclusionsMale gender, higher mean weight and higher mean BMI were associated with unsuccessful cardioversion. Efficacy and safety outcomes were low and did not differ by cardioversion success.
Compositional magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the intervertebral disc: Axial vs sagittal T2 mapping
Authors: Raudner Marcus , Schreiner Markus M. , Weber Michael , Juras Vladimir , Stelzeneder David , Windhager Reinhard , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess T2 values of the lumbar intervertebral discs in the axial and sagittal plane views and assess their respective interobserver reliability. The lumbar intervertebral discs of 23 symptomatic patients (11 female; 12 male; mean age, 44.1 ± 10.6; range, 24‐64 years) were examined at 3T. Region‐of‐interest (ROI) analysis was performed on axial and sagittal T2 maps by two independent observers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was assessed for every ROI. The interobserver agreement was excellent for the nucleus pulposus (NP) in the sagittal (0.951; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.926‐0.968) and axial (0.921; 95% CI, 0.845‐0.955) planes. The posterior 20% region showed a higher ICC in the axial vs the sagittal assessment (0.845; 95% CI, 0.704‐0.911 vs 0.819; 95% CI, 0.744‐0.873). The same was true for the posterior 10%, with the axial ROI showing a higher ICC (0.923; 95% CI, 0.865‐0.953 vs 0.628; 95% CI, 0.495‐0.732). The intraobserver agreement was excellent for every ROI except the sagittal 10% region, which showed good performance (0.869; 95% CI, 0.813‐0.909). The sagittal nucleus pulposus was the best‐performing ROI with regard to intra‐ and interobserver agreement in the T2 assessment of the lumbar intervertebral disc. However, the axial NP showed more stable agreements overall and across the value range. In addition, the annular analysis showed better inter‐ and intraobserver agreement in the axial plane view. Clinical significance: Based on the presented analysis, we highly recommend that further studies use axial T2 mapping due to the higher intra‐ and interreader agreement.
Comparison of Ultrasound‐Derived Muscle Thickness With Computed Tomography Muscle Cross‐Sectional Area on Admission to the Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Lambell Kate J. , Tierney Audrey C. , Wang Jessica C. , Nanjayya Vinodh , Forsyth Adrienne , Goh Gerard S. , Vicendese Don , Ridley Emma J. , Parry Selina M. , Mourtzakis Marina , King Susannah J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe development of bedside methods to assess muscularity is an essential critical care nutrition research priority. We aimed to compare ultrasound‐derived muscle thickness at 5 landmarks with computed tomography (CT) muscle area at intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Secondary aims were to (1) combine muscle thicknesses and baseline covariates to evaluate correlation with CT muscle area and (2) assess the ability of the best‐performing ultrasound model to identify patients with low CT muscle area.MethodsAdult patients who underwent CT scanning at the third lumbar area <72 hours after ICU admission were prospectively recruited. Muscle thickness was measured at mid‐upper arm, forearm, abdomen, and thighs. Low CT muscle area was determined using published cutoffs. Pearson correlation compared ultrasound‐derived muscle thickness and CT muscle area. Linear regression was used to develop ultrasound prediction models. Bland‐Altman analyses compared ultrasound‐predicted and CT‐measured muscle area.ResultsFifty ICU patients were enrolled, aged 52 ± 20 years. Ultrasound‐derived muscle thickness at each landmark correlated with CT muscle area (P < .001). The sum of muscle thickness at mid‐upper arm and bilateral thighs, including age, sex, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index, improved the correlation with CT muscle area (r = 0.85; P < .001). Mean difference between ultrasound‐predicted and CT‐measured muscle area was −2 cm2 (95% limits of agreement, −40 cm2 to +36 cm2). The best‐performing ultrasound model demonstrated good ability to identify 14 patients with low CT muscle area (area under curve = 0.79).ConclusionUltrasound shows potential for assessing muscularity at ICU admission (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03019913).
Periodontal regeneration by leukocyte and platelet‐rich fibrin with autogenous bone graft versus enamel matrix derivative with autogenous bone graft in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: A randomized non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Paolantonio Michele , Di Tullio Marcella , Giraudi Marta , Romano Luigi , Secondi Lorenzo , Paolantonio Giulia , Graziani Filippo , Pilloni Andrea , De Ninis Paolo , Femminella Beatrice 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAim of the present study was to ascertain if a combination of leukocyte and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF) + autogenous bone graft (ABG) may be a clinically “non‐inferior” treatment modality as compared with the association of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with ABG in the management of intrabony defects (IBDs).MethodsA total of forty‐four patients, exhibiting at least one unfavorable intraosseous defect, were treated by L‐PRF associated with ABG (22 patients; test group) or EMD+ABG (control group) in each defect. At baseline and 12 months, a complete clinical and radiographic examination was done. Pre‐ and post‐therapy clinical (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL], gingival recession [GR]) and radiographic (defect Bone level [(DBL)] parameters for the different treatments were compared. To guarantee the test treatment's efficacy 1mm was chosen as non‐inferiority margin; for clinical relevance, a second non‐inferiority margin = 0.5 mm was set.ResultsClinical and radiographic parameters significantly improved 12 months after surgery in both test and control sites, without inter‐groups differences for each measurement. The control group – test group differences for the parameters CAL gain −0.248 mm (−0.618 to 0.122), PPD Reduction −0.397 mm (−0.810 to 0.015), GR Change 0.059 mm (−0.300 to 0.418), DBL Gain −0.250 mm (−0.746 to 0.246) were all within the non‐inferiority margin of 0.5 mm.ConclusionOur results suggest that the L‐PRF+ABG combined treatment of non‐contained IBDs produces non‐inferior results in terms of CAL gain, PPD reduction, GR increase and DBL gain in comparison with the EMD+ABG combination.
Rapid identification of chemical compositions in callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole orbitrap high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Lanping , Zhai Yangyang , Chen Xingying , Zhang Zhenzhen , Gong Xueyun , Zhou Dejun , Kong Jichuan , Zhang Wenkui , Zhang Qingling , Niu Chao , Wang Zhenhui , Sun Zhi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCallicarpa kwangtungensis Chun is a traditional Chinese medicine that has various therapeutic effects. Despite its wide use in Chinese medicine, the study is still quite limited, especially its chemical compositions. In this research, an ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole‐orbitrap high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry method was utilized to analyze its chemical compositions for the first time. As a result, a total of 124 compounds, including 20 phenylethanoid glycosides, 31 flavonoids, 36 organic acids, 26 terpenoids and 11 phenols, were identified or tentatively characterized in 30 min. Among them, 49 compounds, including 5 phenylethanoid glycosides, 12 flavonoids, 16 organic acids, 12 terpenoids, and 4 phenols, were identified in Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun for the first time. Besides, the fragmentation pathways were also discussed. This research established a rapid and reliable method to analyze the chemical compositions of complicated herb without the process of isolation, and provide abundant information on the chemical material basis for further bioactivity and quality control studies.
Folic acid‐modified nonionic surfactant vesicles for gambogenic acid targeting: Preparation, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Lin Tong‐Yuan , Chang Jia‐Li , Xun Yan , Zhao Yi , Peng Wang , Yang Wang , Ding Bai‐Jing , Chen Wei‐Dong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of present study was to develop folic acid (FA)‐modified nonionic surfactant vesicles (NISVs, niosomes) as carrier systems for targeted delivery of gambogenic acid (GNA). The FA‐GNA‐NISVs exhibited a mean particle size of 180.77 ± 2.41 nm with a narrow poly dispersion index of 0.147 ± 0.08 determined by dynamic light scattering. Transmission electron microscopy also revealed that the FA‐GNA‐NISVs were spherical with double‐layer structure. Entrapment efficiency (EE%) and zeta potential of the optimal FA‐GNA‐NISVs were 87.84 ± 1.06% and −37.33 ± 0.33 mV, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the GNA was in a molecular or amorphous state inside the FA‐NISVs in vitro release profiles suggested that FA‐GNA‐NISVs could release GNA at a sustained manner, and less than 60% of GNA was released from the FA‐NISVs within 12 hours of dialysis. in vivo pharmacokinetic results illustrated that FA‐GNA‐NISVs had considerably higher Cmax, area under curve (AUC0 − t) and accumulation in lung. The cell proliferation study shown that the FA‐GNA‐NISVs significantly enhanced the in vitro cytotoxicity against A549 cells. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy further demonstrated that the FA‐GNA‐NISVs increased apoptosis compared with nonmodified GNA‐NISVs and free GNA. Moreover, FA‐GNA‐NISVs induced A549 cell apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, cellular uptake assays showed a higher uptake of FA‐GNA‐NISVs than GNA‐NISVs as well as free GNA. Taken together, it could be concluded that FA‐GNA‐NISVs were proposed as a novel targeting carriers for efficient delivering of GNA to cancers cells.
Interaction of functional and participation issues on quality of life after total laryngectomy
Authors: Leemans Maartje , van Sluis Klaske E. , van Son Rob J. J. H. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTotal laryngectomy (TL) leads to lifelong physical changes which can lead to functional and participation issues. To assess the relationship between self‐reported quality of life and functional and participation issues, a large international online questionnaire was used.MethodA questionnaire was sent out to 8119 recipients of whom 1705 (21%) responded. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions regarding demographic information, product use of the respondents, experienced overall health and independence, and functional and participation issues. Respondents were grouped based on sex, age, time since TL, educational level, and country of residence. Questions were grouped in one measure of reported quality of life (r‐QoL) and seven issue themes (“esthetic issues,” “experienced limitations in daily activities,” “avoiding social activities,” “communication issues,” “experienced vulnerability due to environmental factors,” “pulmonary issues,” and “sleep issues”) to assess the underlying relations.ResultsThis study showed that more functional and participation issues and a lower r‐QoL are reported in the group of younger respondents (<60 years), women, and respondents who have had the TL procedure less than 2 years ago. The issue themes “experienced limitations in daily activities” and “avoiding social activities” are related to r‐QoL. Most participants report “pulmonary issues,” and these issues have a strong correlation with most other themes.ConclusionThe ability to participate in meaningful and social activities is a major factor in r‐QoL. Due to the frequency and strong correlations of pulmonary issues with other issue themes, pulmonary issues might be an underlying cause of many other issues.Level of evidence3b
Investigation of corrosion behavior at elbow by array electrode and computational fluid dynamics simulation
Authors: Si Xiaodong , Si Hongtao , Li Manyi , Zhang Rui , Zhou Keyi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe present study focuses on the flow‐accelerated corrosion (FAC) behavior of A106Gr.B steel at 90° elbow by electrochemical measurement and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The FAC rates under turbulent flows with a velocity of 3 and 1.5 m/s were measured by an array electrode technique in a loop system. The experimental results reveal that the maximum FAC rate appears at the extrados of 90° elbow, consistent with the locations from the rupture of the carbon steel piping in the worst cases at elbows. In addition, an effective mass transfer coefficient in consideration of the geometric factor was used to evaluate the FAC rate at intrados and extrados of the 90° elbow by CFD simulation. The predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Design and characterization of selective laser‐melted Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloy for dental implants
Authors: Zong Weian , Zhang Song , Zhang Chunhua , Ren Ling , Wang Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTi6Al4V–5Cu alloys have potential biomedical applications due to their adequate antibacterial properties. However, the wear and corrosion properties of these alloys are also crucial for dental implants. In the present study, Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloys were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructure and composition of Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloys by SLM were evaluated. The wear properties of the alloys in the simulated saliva environment and the atmospheric environment, as well as the electrochemical properties in the simulated saliva environment, were systematically investigated. The results showed that the crystal structure of Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloys was mainly composed of α‐Ti and Ti2Cu. In the SLM process, no preferred texture was observed due to the complex direction of the heat flux. The formation of Ti2Cu can improve the strength of the material and make the titanium copper alloy have higher microhardness. Ti6Al4V–5Cu alloy showed a satisfactory wear resistance in both wear media. The addition of Cu reduced the second‐phase content of the alloy. Meanwhile, the number of microcells was reduced, which was a positive factor to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloys.
Effect of microstructure on discharge performance of Al–0.8Sn–0.05Ga–0.9Mg–1.0Zn (wt%) alloy as anode for seawater‐activated battery
Authors: Wu Zibin , Zhang Haitao , Zou Jing , Qin Ke , Ban Chunyan , Cui Jianzhong , Nagaumi Hiromi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical performance and discharge behavior of Al–0.8Sn–0.05Ga–0.9Mg–1.0Zn (wt%) alloys in as‐cast, homogenized, and annealed states were investigated through electrochemical means, corrosion rate test, and discharge test in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Results suggest that the discharge performance of this alloy is enhanced by rolling and subsequent annealing treatment. This is attributed to the fact that the microstructure of the alloy is greatly improved through rolling and subsequent annealing treatment. The 400°C‐annealed alloy exhibits the most excellent discharge activity than alloys in other states, which is due to more regions being activated by a finer and more uniform Sn‐rich phase. Furthermore, the anode efficiency of the 400°C‐annealed alloy is higher than that of as‐cast and homogeneous alloys due to the more uniform distribution of Sn in the aluminum matrix.
Effects of geometric angle and cutting speed on cutting forces and tool wear of ceramic cutting tools during peripheral up‐milling of high‐density fiberboard
Authors: Guo X.L. , Deng M.S. , Wang J.X. , Zhu Z.L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, cutting forces and tool wear of ceramic cutting tools are investigated by up‐milling high‐density fiberboard under different geometric angles and cutting speeds. The results show that tangential force (Ft) and normal force (Fr) decrease with the increase of rake angle. The values of Ft and Fr at the higher speed cutting condition are lower than that at the lower speed condition. The flank wear (VB) declines with increased clearance angle and decreased cutting speed. The tool wear patterns observed on the ceramic cutting tools are pull‐out of grain, cracking, tipping, and flanking. Abrasive wear and adhesive wear are the main mechanisms of the ceramic cutting tools. In all, on the premise of guaranteeing the ceramic cutting tools’ strength, the ceramic cutting tool with a bigger rake angle and clearance angle is advisable in high‐density fiberboard machining, in terms of lowering the energy consumption and production cost required for machining.