bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispositional monism and the ontological distinction between unmanifested and manifested powers
Authors: Livanios Vassilis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe vast majority of metaphysicians agree that powers (in contrast to categorical properties) can exist unmanifested. This paper focuses on the ontological distinction between unmanifested and manifested powers underpinning that fact and has two main aims. First, to determine the proper relata of the distinction and second, to show that an unrestricted version of dispositional monism faces serious difficulties to accommodate it. As far as the first aim is concerned, it is argued that the distinction in question, in order to be free of irrelevant features, must hold between an unmanifested power‐instance and the same power‐instance being manifested. To the second end, the paper examines two possible candidate distinctions (actual vs. possible, being‐in‐energeia vs. being‐in‐capacity). It is argued that the former fails to be a good fit for the role that the distinction under consideration should play in a dispositional monistic context. It is also argued that a specific version of the latter can ground a promising solution to the difficulty discussed in the paper. That solution, however, presupposes the inclusion of aspects of the Aristotelian metaphysical framework for powers to the dispositional monistic context.
Shoulder complaints more likely in volleyball players with a thickened bursa or supraspinatus tendon neovessels
Authors: Skazalski Christopher , Bahr Roald , Whiteley Rod 
Published: September 2020

Shoulder problems are common in volleyball and greatly impede both training and player performance. Subacromial bursa (SAB) thickening and tendon neovascularity have shown relevance in other populations, but their relationship with the development of shoulder complaints has not been investigated in volleyball players or overhead‐throwing athletes. The study aim was to examine the role of SAB thickness, neovascularization of the supraspinatus tendon, shoulder strength, range of motion (ROM), player position, and age in the development of shoulder complaints in professional volleyball players. Players underwent preseason baseline testing (n = 86) and reported shoulder complaints during the subsequent 12‐week period. Generalized estimating equations were used to model for probabilities of complaints after adjusting for player position, SAB side‐to‐side difference, neovessel presence, shoulder external rotation (ER) ROM, and age. Outside hitters and opposites were 12.2‐fold more likely to develop complaints, and greater shoulder ER ROM increased risk by 8% for each additional degree. A side‐to‐side difference in SAB thickness ≥0.3 mm in the dominant compared with the non‐dominant arm was associated with a 10.2‐fold increased risk. Those with neovessels were 6.5 times more likely to develop complaints. Players without neovessels and with normal SAB thickness were very unlikely to develop complaints. This stark contrast to players with neovessels or increased SAB thickness, where nearly half of the players developed complaints, is of interest. Players with current complaints at baseline presented with greater IR:ER strength ratios; however, neither strength nor IR ROM at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing complaints.
Towards Material Testing 2.0. A review of test design for identification of constitutive parameters from full‐field measurements
Authors: Pierron F. , Grédiac M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFull‐field optical measurements like digital image correlation or the grid method have brought a paradigm shift in the experimental mechanics community. While inverse identification techniques like finite element model updating or the virtual fields method have been the object of significant developments, current test methods, inherited from the age of strain gauges or linear variable displacement transducers, are generally not well adapted to the rich information provided by these new measurement tools. This paper provides a review of the research dealing with the design and optimization of heterogeneous mechanical tests for the identification of material parameters from full‐field measurements, christened here Material Testing 2.0 (MT2.0).
Diurnal and seasonal variations on soil CO2 fluxes in tropical silvopastoral systems
Authors: Adame‐Castro Diana E. , Aryal Deb R. , Villanueva‐López Gilberto , López‐Martínez Jorge O. , Chay‐Canul Alfonso J. , Casanova‐Lugo Fernando 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to quantify the dynamics of soil CO2 fluxes in two silvopastoral systems based on Leucaena leucocephala, one associated with Panicum maximum (L + P) and another with Cynodon plectostachyus (L + C). We measured CO2 fluxes fortnightly during the dry and rainy seasons in the morning and the afternoon, with an infrared gas analyzer. Simultaneously, we measured soil temperature, soil moisture, ambient temperature, and relative humidity. Soil CO2 fluxes ranged from 6.0 ± 0.14 to 6.1 ± 0.12 µmol CO2/m2/s but no statistical differences were observed between systems. Soil CO2 flux in the L + P was 12.5% higher in the rainy season compared with the dry season but the season did not affect the fluxes in L + C. Regarding the diurnal variation, CO2 fluxes were 17.6%–34.8% higher in the morning compared with afternoon measurements. Soil moisture and temperature were higher in L + C, but the ambient temperature and relative humidity showed no statistical differences between systems. In both systems, soil temperature was greater in the afternoon, while the soil moisture and relative humidity were greater in the morning. The diurnal variation of soil CO2 fluxes in silvopastoral systems correlated positively with soil temperature and ambient temperature, but negatively with relative humidity. We concluded that soil CO2 fluxes did not vary between silvopastoral systems but respond differently to the seasons. The results have important implications on the establishment and management of Leucaena‐based silvopastoral systems for the mitigation of soil CO2 fluxes from extensive livestock production lands.
Integrating local knowledge into soil science to improve soil fertility
Authors: Cheik Sougueh , Jouquet Pascal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnvironmental changes are threatening current and future food security. In this context, it is imperative to design agricultural systems that are resilient to increasing frequent climate shocks, losses in biodiversity and soil fertility and to increasing demand from our societies because of population growth and consumption patterns. The emergence of sustainability science reminds us that soil management cannot be successfully approached by the independent actions of individual categories of actors, namely soil researchers or agronomists. Therefore, we advocate for more holistic and transdisciplinary research that takes into account the social, cultural, environmental and economic impacts of agricultural practices. Using examples of agricultural practices that aim to use the activity of termites to improve the services delivered by ecosystems (e.g. the Zai system), rather than considering them pests and trying to eradicate them from lands, we discuss the interest of traditional agricultural practices as sources of inspiration for soil scientists and for the identification of tomorrow's agricultural practices.
Patterns of blood use in Sweden from 2008 to 2017: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Auvinen Marja‐Kaisa , Zhao Jingcheng , Lassén Ewa , Lubenow Norbert , Seger Mollén Agneta , Watz Emma , Wikman Agneta , Edgren Gustaf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion patterns in Sweden have not been characterized on a nationwide level.Study Design and MethodsWe conducted a nationwide descriptive cohort study in Sweden from 2008 to 2017. Data on blood donors, donations, component manufacture, transfusions, and transfused patients were extracted from Swedish portion of the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions (SCANDAT3‐S) database.ResultsA total of 708 436 patients received 5 587 684 red cell, plasma, or platelet transfusions during the study period. The age‐standardized transfusion rate decreased markedly during the study period for red cell units (from 53 to 39 units/1000 persons) and plasma units (from 11 to 4.9 units/1000 persons), but remained relatively constant for platelet concentrates. The transfusion rate was 30%‐40% higher in males than in females in the first year of life, and higher in males over 45 years than in females. Between age 20 and 45, the majority of red cells were transfused to female patients with obstetric indications, whereas trauma was the predominant indication for male contemporaries. In females over 80 years, the largest proportion of red cells were administered due to trauma. Overall, hematological patients received 36% of all platelet units. There were large regional differences in transfusion rates for red cell units, ranging from less than 30 to greater than 60/1000 persons.ConclusionTransfusion rates in Sweden remain high but have decreased strikingly during the study period — with the exception of platelet transfusions. Based on the available data, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions about whether transfusion rates can be further reduced.
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis infection and ascites in an FIV‐positive cat
Authors: Paharsingh India , Suepaul Rod , Gyan Lana , Hosein Ansarah , Pargass Indira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA domestic shorthair cat was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at The University of the West Indies with a history of anorexia, ataxia, and lethargy. On physical examination, moderate abdominal distension and a palpable abdominal fluid wave were noted. Dark yellow, cloudy fluid was collected via abdominocentesis. Fluid analysis indicated that the effusion was a transudate containing low numbers of macrophages and occasional neutrophils. Some of the macrophages contained rod‐shaped nonstaining structures of variable length (2‐4 um). These structures were also seen extracellularly in low numbers. The morphology of the structures was suggestive of Mycobacterium. The cat's condition continued to deteriorate, and it died within a few hours of being admitted. Further diagnostic tests revealed feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection with concurrent Mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis infection. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of nontubercular mycobacterial‐related ascites in a cat.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2: implications for blood safety and sufficiency
Authors: Kiely Philip , Hoad Veronica C. , Seed Clive R. , Gosbell Iain B. 
Published: September 2020

Background and ObjectiveSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is a novel coronavirus, first identified in China at the end of 2019 and has now caused a worldwide pandemic. In this review, we provide an overview of the implications of SARS‐CoV‐2 for blood safety and sufficiency.Material and MethodWe searched the PubMed database, the preprint sites bioRxiv and medRxiv, the websites of the World Health Organization, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the US Communicable Diseases Center and monitored ProMed updates.ResultsAn estimated 15%–46% of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections are asymptomatic. The reported mean incubation period is 3 to 7 days with a range of 1–14 days. The blood phase of SARS‐CoV‐2 appears to be brief and low level, with RNAaemia detectable in only a small proportion of patients, typically associated with more severe disease and not demonstrated to be infectious virus. An asymptomatic blood phase has not been demonstrated. Given these characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the absence of reported transfusion transmission (TT), the TT risk is currently theoretical. To mitigate any potential TT risk, but more importantly to prevent respiratory transmission in donor centres, blood centres can implement donor deferral policies based on travel, disease status or potential risk of exposure.ConclusionThe TT risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 appears to be low. The biggest risk to blood services in the current COVID‐19 pandemic is to maintain the sufficiency of the blood supply while minimizing respiratory transmission of SARS‐CoV‐19 to donors and staff while donating blood.
Ultrasonic Frequency Effects on the Melt Pool Formation, Porosity, and Thermal-Dependent Property of Inconel 718 Fabricated by Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Ning Fuda , Jiang Dayue , Liu Zhichao , Wang Hui , Cong Weilong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) directed energy deposition (DED) has become a promising technology to improve the as-built quality and mechanical performance of metal parts. Ultrasonic frequency, a critical parameter of the ultrasonic vibration, can remarkably affect the ultrasonic vibration behaviors in assisting DED processes. However, leveraging varied ultrasonic frequencies in UV-A DED attracts little attention, and the effects of ultrasonic frequency have been thus overlooked. Linking ultrasonic frequency and part performance emphasizes the need for an understanding of the underlying thermodynamics in the melt pool due to the key role of thermal history in the DED process. In this work, we fabricated Inconel 718 (IN718) parts using the UV-A DED process under different levels of ultrasonic vibration frequency (including 0, 25 kHz, 33 kHz, and 41 kHz). For the first time, melt pool size, temperature distribution, and peak temperature within the melt pool, as well as the peak temperature fluctuation within a layer deposition, were studied. Porosity and thermal-dependent properties including grain size and microhardness were also investigated. The results indicated that the increase in ultrasonic frequency led to an increase in both melt pool size and peak temperature. Moreover, the lowest porosity was obtained at an ultrasonic frequency of 25 kHz, while grain refinement and microhardness enhancement were achieved at the highest frequency of 41 kHz. This investigation provides great insights into the link among ultrasonic frequency, melt pool formation, temperature field, porosity, and thermal-dependent properties in the UV-A DED-built IN718 parts.
Paleomagnetic constraints on the duration of the Australia-Laurentia connection in the core of the Nuna supercontinent
Authors: Kirscher Uwe , Mitchell Ross N. , Liu Yebo , Nordsvan Adam R. , Cox Grant M. , Pisarevsky Sergei A. , Wang Chong , Wu Lei , Murphy J. Brendan , Li Zheng-Xiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Australia-Laurentia connection in the Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna is thought to have initiated by ca. 1.6 Ga when both continents were locked in a proto-SWEAT (southwestern U.S.–East Antarctic) configuration. However, the longevity of that configuration is poorly constrained. Here, we present a new high-quality paleomagnetic pole from the ca. 1.3 Ga Derim Derim sills of northern Australia that suggests Australia and Laurentia were in the same configuration at that time. This new paleopole also supports a connection between Australia and North China and, in conjunction with previously reported data from all continents, indicates that the breakup of Nuna largely occurred between ca. 1.3 and 1.2 Ga.
Prospective study of change in liver function and fat in patients with colorectal liver metastases undergoing preoperative chemotherapy: protocol for the CLiFF Study
Authors: Parmar Kat L , O'Reilly Derek , Valle Juan W , Braun Michael , Naish Jo H , Williams Steve R , Lloyd William K , Malcomson Lee , Cresswell Katharine , Bamford Colin , Renehan Andrew G 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPreoperative chemotherapy in patients undergoing resection for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) improves oncological outcomes. However, chemotherapy-associated liver injury (occurring in two patterns: vascular and fat deposition) is a real clinical concern prior to hepatic resection. After major liver resection, regeneration of the residual liver is a prerequisite for recovery and avoidance of liver failure, but this regenerative capacity may be hindered by chemotherapy. Thus, there is a need to predict for this serious complication. Over the past two decades, several tests and derived indices have been developed, which have failed to achieve clinical utility, mainly as they were indirect measurements of liver function. Here, we will use a novel test of liver function (the liver maximum capacity (LiMAx) test), and measure liver fat using MRI.Methods and analysisThis prospective study will assess changes in liver function longitudinally, measured by the LiMAx test, and liver fat, measured by advanced MRI using both MR spectroscopy and the modified Dixon method, in up to 35 patients undergoing preoperative chemotherapy for CLM. The primary outcomes will be the changes in liver function and fat compared with baseline prechemotherapy measurements. Secondary outcome measures include: routinely measured liver function blood tests, anthropometric measurements, postoperative histology and digital quantification of fat, postoperative complications and mortality and quality of life.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by a National Health Service Research Ethics Committee and registered with the Health Research Authority. Dissemination will be via international and national conferences and the National Institute for Health Research network. Manuscripts will be published.Trial registration numberThis study is registered online atwww.clinicaltrials.gov(registration numberNCT03562234).
Study protocol of a population-based cohort investigating Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth: the PASOS study
Authors: Gómez Santiago Felipe , Homs Clara , Wärnberg Julia , Medrano Maria , Gonzalez-Gross Marcela , Gusi Narcis , Aznar Susana , Cascales Elena Marín , González-Valeiro Miguel , Serra-Majem Lluis , Terrados Nicolás , Tur Josep A , Segú Marta , Lassale Camille , Benavente-Marín Juan Carlos , Labayen Idoia , Zapico Augusto García , Sánchez-Gómez Jesús , Jiménez-Zazo Fabio , Alcaraz Pedro Emilio , Sevilla-Sanchez Marta , Herrera-Ramos Estefania , Pulgar Susana , Bibiloni Maria del Mar , Sancho Olga , Schröder Helmut 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionPhysical activity (PA) is essential to healthy mental and physical development in early life. However, the prevalence of physical inactivity, which is considered a key modifiable driver of childhood obesity, has reached alarming levels among European youth. There is a need to update the data for Spain, in order to establish if current measures are effective or new approaches are needed.Methods and analysisWe present the protocol for Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth (PASOS). This observational, nationally representative, multicentre study aims to determine the PA levels, sedentary behaviours and prevalence of physical inactivity (defined as <60 min of moderate to vigorous PA per day) in a representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents. The PASOS study has recruited a representative random sample of children and adolescents aged 8–16 years from 242 educational centres in the 17 ‘autonomous regions’ into which Spain is divided. The aim is to include a total of 4508 youth participants and their families. Weight, height and waist circumference will be measured by standardised procedures. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, quality of life, sleep duration, PA and sedentary behaviour are being measured by validated questionnaires. PA is measured by the Physical Activity Unit 7-item Screener. A representative subsample (10% of participants) was randomly selected to wear accelerometers for 9 days to obtain objective data on PA. Parents are asked about their educational level, time spent doing PA, diet quality, self-perceived stress, smoking habit, weight, height, their child’s birth weight and if the child was breast fed.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain. Main findings of the study will be disseminated to the scientific community and to general public by media conferences, social media and a website.Trial registration numberISRCTN34251612.
Towards a conceptual framework of the working alliance in a blended low-intensity cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for depression in primary mental health care: a qualitative study
Authors: Doukani Asmae , Free Caroline , Michelson Daniel , Araya Ricardo , Montero-Marin Jesús , Smith Sarah , Cerga-Pashoja Arlinda , Kakuma Ritsuko 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo examine and adapt a conceptual framework of the working alliance (WA) in the context of a low-intensity blended (psychological well-being practitioner (PWP) plus computerised program) cognitive behavioural therapy intervention (b-CBT) for depression.DesignPatient involvement was enlisted to collaboratively shape the design of the project from the onset, before data collection. In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with participants who experienced b-CBT as part of the E-compared trial. A thematic analysis was conducted using a constant comparative method informed by grounded theory.SettingRecruitment was carried out in four psychological primary care services across the UK.ParticipantsNineteen trial participants with major depressive disorder who completed at least one computerised program and face-to-face session with a PWP in the b-CBT arm were recruited to the study.ResultsQualitative interviews that were guided by WA theory and patient involvement, revealed four themes: (1) a healthcare provider (PWP and computerised program) with good interpersonal competencies for building a working relationship with the client (‘bond’); (2) collaborative efforts between the client and the provider to appropriately identify what the client hopes to achieve through therapy (‘goals’); (3) the selection of acceptable therapeutic activities that address client goals and the availability of responsive support (‘task’) and (4) the promotion of active engagement and autonomous problem solving (‘usability heuristics’). Participants described how the PWP and computerised program uniquely and collectively contributed to different WA needs.ConclusionsThis study is the first to offer a preliminary conceptual framework of WA in b-CBT for depression, and how such demands can be addressed through blended PWP-computerised program delivery. These findings can be used to promote WA in technological design and clinical practice, thereby promoting engagement to b-CBT interventions and effective deployment of practitioner and program resources.Trial registration numberISRCTN12388725.