bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple-population QTL mapping of maturity and fruit-quality traits reveals LG4 region as a breeding target in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)
Authors: Calle Alejandro , Wünsch Ana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSweet cherry maturity date and fruit quality are relevant traits for its marketability, transport, and consumer acceptance. In this work, sweet cherry fruit development time, maturity date, and commercial fruit-quality traits (size, weight, firmness, soluble solid content, and titratable acidity) were investigated to improve the knowledge of their genetic control, and to identify alleles of breeding interest. Six sweet cherry populations segregating for these traits were used for QTL analyses. These populations descend from cross- and self-pollinations of local Spanish sweet cherries ‘Ambrunés’ and ‘Cristobalina’, and breed cultivars (‘Brooks’, ‘Lambert’, or ‘Vic’). The six populations (n = 411), previously genotyped with RosBREED Cherry 6 K SNP array, were phenotyped for 2 years. QTL analyses were conducted using a multifamily approach implemented by FlexQTL™. Fruit development time, soluble solid content, and titratable acidity QTLs are first reported in sweet cherry in this work. Significant QTLs were detected for all the traits. Eighteen were more stable as they were detected for 2 years. Of these, nine are first reported in this work. The major QTLs for fruit development time, maturity date, firmness, and soluble solid content were identified on the same narrow region of linkage group 4. These traits also showed significant positive correlation (long fruit development time associated with late maturity, high firmness, and high SSC). NAC transcription factor genes identified on this LG4 region may be candidate genes for the regulation of these traits in sweet cherry, as previously described in syntenic regions of other Rosaceae species. Haplotypes of breeding interest on this LG4 genomic region were identified and will be useful for sweet cherry breeding from this and related plant material.
Overexpression of phosphatidylserine synthase IbPSS1 affords cellular Na+ homeostasis and salt tolerance by activating plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiport activity in sweet potato roots
Authors: Yu Yicheng , Xuan Ying , Bian Xiaofeng , Zhang Lei , Pan Zhiyuan , Kou Meng , Cao Qinghe , Tang Zhonghou , Li Qiang , Ma Daifu , Li Zongyun , Sun Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhosphatidylserine synthase (PSS)-mediated phosphatidylserine (PS) synthesis is crucial for plant development. However, little is known about the contribution of PSS to Na+homeostasis regulation and salt tolerance in plants. Here, we cloned theIbPSS1gene, which encodes an ortholog ofArabidopsis AtPSS1, from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.). The transient expression ofIbPSS1inNicotiana benthamianaleaves increased PS abundance. We then established an efficientAgrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated in vivo root transgenic system for sweet potato. Overexpression ofIbPSS1through this system markedly decreased cellular Na+accumulation in salinized transgenic roots (TRs) compared with adventitious roots. The overexpression ofIbPSS1enhanced salt-induced Na+/H+antiport activity and increased plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+-permeable channel sensitivity to NaCl and H2O2in the TRs. We confirmed the important role ofIbPSS1in improving salt tolerance in transgenic sweet potato lines obtained from anAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system. Similarly, compared with the wild-type (WT) plants, the transgenic lines presented decreased Na+accumulation, enhanced Na+exclusion, and increased PM Ca2+-permeable channel sensitivity to NaCl and H2O2in the roots. Exogenous application of lysophosphatidylserine triggered similar shifts in Na+accumulation and Na+and Ca2+fluxes in the salinized roots of WT. Overall, this study provides an efficient and reliable transgenic method for functional genomic studies of sweet potato. Our results revealed thatIbPSS1contributes to the salt tolerance of sweet potato by enabling Na+homeostasis and Na+exclusion in the roots, and the latter process is possibly controlled by PS reinforcing Ca2+signaling in the roots.
Thermal-responsive genetic and epigenetic regulation of DAM cluster controlling dormancy and chilling requirement in peach floral buds
Authors: Zhu Hong , Chen Pao-Yang , Zhong Silin , Dardick Chris , Callahan Ann , An Yong-Qiang , van Knocker Steve , Yang Yingzhen , Zhong Gan-Yuan , Abbott Albert , Liu Zongrang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTheDormancy-associated MADS-box(DAM) gene cluster in peach serves as a key regulatory hub on which the seasonal temperatures act and orchestrate dormancy onset and exit, chilling response and floral bud developmental pace. Yet, how different temperature regimes interact with and regulate the six linkedDAMgenes remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that chilling downregulatesDAM1 and DAM3–6in dormant floral buds with distinct patterns and identifyDAM4as the most abundantly expressed one. We reveal multiple epigenetic events, with tri-methyl histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) induced by chilling specifically inDAM1andDAM5, a 21-nt sRNA inDAM3and a ncRNA induced inDAM4. Such induction is inversely correlated with downregulation of their cognateDAMs. We also show that the sixDAMs were hypermethylated, associating with the production of 24-nt sRNAs. Hence, the chilling-responsive dynamic of the different epigenetic elements and their interactions likely define distinct expression abundance and downregulation pattern of eachDAM. We further show that the expression of the fiveDAMs remains steadily unchanged or continuously downregulated at the ensuing warm temperature after chilling, and this state of regulation correlates with robust increase of sRNA expression, H3K27me3 and CHH methylation, which is particularly pronounced inDAM4. Such robust increase of repressive epigenetic marks may irreversibly reinforce the chilling-imposed repression ofDAMs to ensure flower-developmental programming free from any residualDAMinhibition. Taken together, we reveal novel information about genetic and epigenetic regulation of theDAMcluster in peach, which will be of fundamental significance in understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying chilling requirement and dormancy release, and of practical application for improvement of plasticity of flower time and bud break in fruit trees to adapt changing climates.
Defining strawberry shape uniformity using 3D imaging and genetic mapping
Authors: Li Bo , Cockerton Helen M. , Johnson Abigail W. , Karlström Amanda , Stavridou Eleftheria , Deakin Greg , Harrison Richard J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStrawberry shape uniformity is a complex trait, influenced by multiple genetic and environmental components. To complicate matters further, the phenotypic assessment of strawberry uniformity is confounded by the difficulty of quantifying geometric parameters ‘by eye’ and variation between assessors. An in-depth genetic analysis of strawberry uniformity has not been undertaken to date, due to the lack of accurate and objective data. Nonetheless, uniformity remains one of the most important fruit quality selection criteria for the development of a new variety. In this study, a 3D-imaging approach was developed to characterise berry shape uniformity. We show that circularity of the maximum circumference had the closest predictive relationship with the manual uniformity score. Combining five or six automated metrics provided the best predictive model, indicating that human assessment of uniformity is highly complex. Furthermore, visual assessment of strawberry fruit quality in a multi-parental QTL mapping population has allowed the identification of genetic components controlling uniformity. A “regular shape” QTL was identified and found to be associated with three uniformity metrics. The QTL was present across a wide array of germplasm, indicating a potential candidate for marker-assisted breeding, while the potential to implement genomic selection is explored. A greater understanding of berry uniformity has been achieved through the study of the relative impact of automated metrics on human perceived uniformity. Furthermore, the comprehensive definition of strawberry shape uniformity using 3D imaging tools has allowed precision phenotyping, which has improved the accuracy of trait quantification and unlocked the ability to accurately select for uniform berries.
Defect-engineered transition metal hydroxide nanosheets realizing tumor-microenvironment-responsive multimodal-imaging-guided NIR-II photothermal therapy
Authors: Yang Li , Zhu Xiaojiao , Xu Tianren , Han Fusen , Liu Gang , Bu Yingcui , Zhang Jie , Zhang Feng , Zhou Hongping , Xie Yi 
Published: August 2020

Defect engineering strategy was utilized to regulate the photophysical property of 2D transitional metal-based nanomaterials, the S-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets exhibited response to the tumor microenvironment and as 2D photothermal transduction agents in NIR-II bio-window.
Uncovering interest group participation in Germany: web collection of written statements in ministries and the parliament
Authors: Rasch Daniel , Spohr Florian , Eising Rainer , Ress Simon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article discusses web collection of interest group statements on bills as a data source. Written statements allow the identification of actors active in policy-making as well as those actors’ positions, lobbying coalitions and issue saliency. These data also can contribute to the measurement of interest groups’ influence on legislation. Taking web collection from the German parliament’s and ministries’ web pages as an example, we demonstrate the collection process and the merits and limitations of employing written statements as identificatory data. Our analysis of statements submitted by interest groups, private firms and policy experts to four federal ministries and the respective parliamentary committees in the years 2015 and 2016 reveals differences between parliamentary and ministerial consultations. Although ministries have invited written statements for fewer draft laws than parliamentary committees, they received far more statements from interest groups. The reason is that German ministries often issue open calls, in which all actors are given the opportunity to comment on legislation, whereas the German parliament invites selected interest group representatives and other experts. As a further result, ministries are mostly contacted by business groups, whereas parliamentary committees use their gatekeeper function to balance interests.
Eco-evolutionary control of pathogens
Authors: Lässig Michael , Mustonen Ville 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Vaccinations and therapies targeting evolving pathogens aim to curb the pathogen and to steer it toward a controlled evolutionary state. Control is leveraged against the pathogen’s intrinsic evolutionary forces, which in turn, can drive an escape from control. Here, we analyze a simple model of control, in which a host produces antibodies that bind the pathogen. We show that the leverages of host (or external intervention) and pathogen are often highly imbalanced: an error threshold separates parameter regions of efficient control from regions of compromised control, where the pathogen retains the upper hand. Because control efficiency can be predicted from few measurable fitness parameters, our results establish a proof of principle how control theory can guide interventions against evolving pathogens.
Parkinson’s disease-related phosphorylation at Tyr39 rearranges α-synuclein amyloid fibril structure revealed by cryo-EM
Authors: Zhao Kun , Lim Yeh-Jun , Liu Zhenying , Long Houfang , Sun Yunpeng , Hu Jin-Jian , Zhao Chunyu , Tao Youqi , Zhang Xing , Li Dan , Li Yan-Mei , Liu Cong 
Published: August 2020

Significance
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play an important role in modulating α-syn structure, function, and pathology. Phosphorylation commonly applies to pathological α-syn aggregation in Lewy bodies and is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we obtain homogeneous α-syn fibrils formed by semisynthesized α-syn with site-specific phosphorylation at Y39. The synthetic fibril recapitulates the neuropathology and degradation resistance of endogenous pY39 α-syn aggregation in PD. Cryo-EM structure determination of the pY39 α-syn fibril reveals a fold of α-syn with the entire N terminus involved in the fibril core attracted by pY39. This structure illuminates the mechanism of pY39 pathology and highlights the importance of PTMs in defining the structure and pathology of amyloid aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases.
Local Density of States of Quasi-Particles around a Vortex Core in a Square Superconducting Plate with a Random Impurity Potential
Authors: Tamai Takayuki , Kato Masaru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We have solved the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation with a random impurity potential Vimp(r) under an external magnetic field with the finite element method and obtained the local density of states and the order parameter around a vortex. From these results, we find two properties of a vortex structure in a dirty superconductor. First, the order parameter structure around the vortex is deformed by the impurity potential. Second, distributions of bound states is also deformed, but these deformations of the order parameter and bound states do not correspond with each other.
Effects of artificial square nanorods array to square bulk superconducting plate
Authors: Kusafuka Takashi , Kato Masaru , Tsuchiya Yuji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It is known that the superconducting properties are improved by adding nanorods to a superconductor. As increasing nanorods into superconductor, the pinning force becomes stronger. Using the molecular dynamics method, we investigate vortex motions in a superconductor with a nanorod array. We obtain trajectories of vortices and standard deviation of vortex positions. We find peculiar temperature dependence of vortex motion.
Effects of 800 MeV Xe Irradiation on 2H-NbSe2 Single Crystals
Authors: Li Wenjie , Pyon Sunseng , Takahashi Ayumu , Miyawaki Daisuke , Kobayashi Yuto , Tamegai Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Effects of artificial defects on 2H-NbSe2 single crystals introduced by 800 MeV Xe irradiation with a dose equivalent matching field B
Φ up to 8 T were studied. The bulk magnetization measurements performed by a commercial SQUID magnetometer reveal strong enhancement of critical current density in NbSe2 after introducing defects by 800 MeV Xe irradiation. T
c is found to be robust against the 800 MeV Xe irradiation, while c-axis lattice parameter shows an obvious increase with increasing B
Φ.
Evaluation of the physical properties and the real space observation in 2H-TaS2 synthesized with flux method
Authors: Ohta S , Kobayashi S , Nomura A , Fujisawa Y , Demura S , Sakata H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Single crystal of 2H-TaS2 was synthesized with flux method using the flux in which alkali metal ions were included. Analysis of the composition and the structure by EDX measurements and X-Ray diffraction showed that the hydrates of potassium ion were intercalated in 2H-TaS2 synthesized with NaCl/KCl flux. The local intercalation was confirmed by the observation of the superstructures with the period of 2a0 × 2a0 or √3a0 × √3a0 by scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements.
Effect of non-magnetic rare earth substitution for A site in mixed anion APX superconductors
Authors: Kitô H , Kawashima K , Ishida S , Oka K , Fujihisa H , Gotoh Y , Iyo A , Ogino H , Eisaki H , Yoshida Y 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We report the improvement of superconducting transition temperature (T
c) by nonmagnetic rare earth atom substitution for A site in APX-based Zr(P, S)2, Hf(P, Se)2 and Hf(P, S)2 superconductors. The partial non-magnetic rare earth Lu atom substitution at Zr site of ZrPS, as opposed to the case of Zr(P, Se)2, shows that lattice constants a and c decrease monotonically with increasing nominal substitution y. It is shown that the maximum T
c for ZrPS was increased from 3.70 K to 6.36 K. In HfP1.55Se0.45, when Hf site is partially substituted with Lu atoms (or Y atoms), lattice constant a shrinks and c expands monotonically with increasing nominal rare earth substitution y. T
c was also increased from 4.88 K to 5.89 K. In HfP1.45S0.55, when Hf site is partially substituted with Lu atoms (or Y atoms), lattice constant a shrinks slightly and c expands monotonically with increasing y. T
c was also increased from 3.16 K to 5.86 K. In this paper, the doping behaviour by partial substitution and the increase of T
c is discussed.
Electronic Structure of Novel Superconductor doped-ZrPSe
Authors: Hase I , Yanagisawa T , Kito H. , Iwakiri K. , Nishio T. , Fujihisa H , Gotoh Y , Eisaki H , Kawashima K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper we report the results of the first-principles calculations for cation and anion co-doped system (Zr1-yYy)P(As0.25Se0.75) using virtual crystal approximation. The density of states at the Fermi level (=D(EF)) shows a dome-shape with respect to the doping concentration y. This result qualitatively explains the observed y dependence of T
c, especially for (Zr1-yYy)P1.25Se0.75. We also found the similarity of the band structure between ZrSiS and doped-ZrPSe. Characteristic band crossing near E-g, which is found to be the Dirac line node in ZrSiS, is also found in doped-ZrPSe. This result strongly suggests that the superconductivity and the Dirac line node are co-existed in doped-ZrPSe.
Fermion zero-energy modes and fractional fermion numbers in a fractional vortex-fermion model
Authors: Yanagisawa Takashi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Topological materials have attracted much attention from both physicists and mathematicians recently. Topological properties are closely related to the fermion number (index) of Dirac fermions. The fermion number is given by the η invariant introduced by Atiyah, Padoti and Singer. We discuss a system of Dirac fermions interacting with a vortex and a kink. This system will be realized as a layered material of superconductors and topological insulators, where the Dirac fermion exists on the surface of the topological insulator. The fermion number is fractionalized and the fermion zero-energy excitation mode emerges when Dirac fermions interact with vortices and kinks. Our discussion includes the case where there is a half-flux quantum vortex associated with a kink in a magnetic field in a bilayer superconductor. A normalizable single-valued fermion zero-energy mode does not exist in the core of the half-flux quantum vortex.
The search for the new superconductors in the Ni-N system
Authors: Gavryushkin P N , Sagatov N , Sagatova D , Banaev M V , Donskikh K G , Litasov K D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Transition metal nitrides show a unique combination of superconducting and mechanical properties. In this study we perform a theoretical search of the intermediate compounds in Ni-N system, determine their superconducting transition temperatures (Tc
) and bulk moduli (K
0) in the wide range of pressures, from 0 to 300 GPa. We have revealed several nickel-rich interstitial compounds, Ni5N2, Ni3N, and Ni6N, and one nitrogen-rich compound, NiN2, as stable structures. At pressures above 100 GPa, previously unknown NiN with anti-nickeline structure is also stabilized. All found compounds are non-magnetic. The most promising for superconductivity NiN2 structure is stable against decomposition on the mixture of (Ni+N) from 3 to at least 300 GPa. The transition from marcasite-type NiN2-Pnnm to pyrite-type NiN2-

P
a

3
¯

occurs at 70 GPa. NiN2-Pnnm is an insulator with the band gap of about 1 eV, while NiN2-

P
a

3
¯

is a metallic phase. The calculated Tc
of NiN2-Pnnm equals to 10−2 K, and the bulk modulus (K
0) equals to 225 GPa at 10 GPa, which is in excellent agreement with available experimental data. The comparison of Tc
of compounds in the Ni-H and Ni-N systems with that of the Fe-H and Fe-N compounds, shows that hydrides and nitrides of nickel have lower Tc
than hydrides and nitrides of iron, which is explained by the significant differences in crystal structures.
Effects of Splayed Columnar Defects on Critical Current Density in CaKFe4As4
Authors: Takahashi A , Pyon S , Kobayashi Y , Kambara T , Yoshida A , Okayasu S , Ichinose A , Tamegai T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction of columnar defects to superconductors through particle irradiation enhances their critical current density (J
c) . Further enhancement of J
c by dispersing the direction of columnar defects has been confirmed. Moreover, in such systems with splayed columnar defects, an anomalous peak effect in J
c at a certain magnetic field determined by the irradiation dose accompanied by the in-plane anisotropy of J
c between those parallel and perpendicular to the splay direction were observed. We introduce splayed columnar defects to CaKFe4As4 single crystals, which was recently found as a new type of iron-based superconductors (1144-type IBS), by irradiating 2.6 GeV U and 320 MeV Au ions and measure their J
c properties.
Insulator-to-superconductor transition by exciting half-filled d-wave pairing state beyond Mott gap
Authors: Yokoyama Hisatoshi , Kobayashi Kenji , Watanabe Tsutomu , Ogata Masao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In connection with recent tera-Hertz photoexcitation experiments in which strongly correlated materials are changed from Mott-insulating to metallic, we statically study the properties of excited states beyond the Mott gap in the

d

x
2

−

y
2

-wave superconducting (d-SC) branch at half filling, by applying a variational Monte Carlo method to a two-dimensional Hubbard model. It is found that the first-order Mott transition previously found at U = U
c for the lowest-energy state vanishes for the excited states. As a result, an insulator-to-d-SC transition occurs as the strength of excitation (corresponding to light intensity) is increased for U/t (> U
c
/t) fixed. As a mechanism, this conduction is led by newly created free carriers (unbound doublons and holons) in the excited states.
Possibility of Pomeranchuk instability in staggered flux state
Authors: Kobayashi Kenji , Yokoyama Hisatoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In connection with the symmetry-breaking phenomena found in cuprate superconductors, the instability toward x−y and (x + y)−(x − y) anisotropy (Pomeranchuk instability) is studied for a strongly correlated Hubbard model (U/t = 12) on a square lattice with the next-nearest-neighbor transfer t′ using a variational Monte Carlo method. As a variational function, a staggered flux state ΨSF is considered, which is a candidate for the pseudogap state in cuprates. ΨSF is stabilized in a underdoped regime and reduced to the normal state (projected Fermi sea) for larger doping area. By analyzing ΨSF for t′/t = 0, ±0.3, we argue that the appearance of Pomeranchuk instability is limited to the normal state with t′/t = 0 and

0.08
≤
δ
≤
0.20

(σ: doping rate) in the x−y anisotropy. Band-renormalization effects (Fermi-surface modification) owing to strong correlations play a crucial role for the argument.
Simulation of THz oscillations in an intrinsic Josephson junction array
Authors: Fujiki Yusuke , Kato Masaru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
When a voltage is applied to coupled Josephson junctions, an ac current flows because of the Josephson effect. Due to this ac current, an electromagnetic (EM) wave is emitted from junctions. For the cuprate High-Tc superconductor, frequency of the EM wave reaches to the THz regime since the energy gap is large. In order to simulate the EM wave in the superconductors, we solve the Josephson junction relations and the Maxwell equations simultaneously. Especially, we consider coupling of junctions including capacitive and inductive couplings, and spatial variations of phase differences of order parameters inside of junctions. We shows time developments of distributions of the phase differences, magnetic and electric fields in junctions in the transient state.