bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAF and MEK inhibitor therapy in adult patients with brain tumors: a case-based overview and practical management of adverse events
Authors: Schreck Karisa C , Patel Mallika P , Wemmer Jan , Grossman Stuart A , Peters Katherine B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
AbstractTargeted therapy has gained mainstream attention with notable successes against specific genetic mutations in many cancers. One particular mutation, the BRAF V600E mutation, is present in a small subset of gliomas in adults. Although clinical experience and trial data of RAF-targeted therapy in adults with glioma are lacking at this time, the poor prognosis of adult high-grade glioma has led neuro-oncology practitioners to consider the use of targeted therapy in these patients. In this manuscript, we describe the use of RAF and MEK inhibitors in adults with recurrent glioma. We discuss the utility of these agents, describe their toxicities, and give examples of management strategies. Given the significant toxicities of RAF and MEK inhibitors, along with the long potential duration of treatment, neuro-oncology providers should counsel patients carefully before initiating therapy and monitor them closely while undergoing treatment with RAF-targeted therapy.
Contrasting trends of PM2.5 and surface-ozone concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017
Authors: Wang Yonghong , Gao Wenkang , Wang Shuai , Song Tao , Gong Zhengyu , Ji Dongsheng , Wang Lili , Liu Zirui , Tang Guiqian , Huo Yanfeng , Tian Shili , Li Jiayun , Li Mingge , Yang Yuan , Chu Biwu , Petäjä Tuukka , Kerminen Veli-Matti , He Hong , Hao Jiming , Kulmala Markku , Wang Yuesi , Zhang Yuanhang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough much attention has been paid to investigating and controlling air pollution in China, the trends of air-pollutant concentrations on a national scale have remained unclear. Here, we quantitatively investigated the variation of air pollutants in China using long-term comprehensive data sets from 2013 to 2017, during which Chinese government made major efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission in polluted regions. Our results show a significant decreasing trend in the PM2.5 concentration in heavily polluted regions of eastern China, with an annual decrease of ∼7% compared with measurements in 2013. The measured decreased concentrations of SO2, NO2 and CO (a proxy for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds) could explain a large fraction of the decreased PM2.5 concentrations in different regions. As a consequence, the heavily polluted days decreased significantly in corresponding regions. Concentrations of organic aerosol, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium and chloride measured in urban Beijing revealed a remarkable reduction from 2013 to 2017, connecting the decreases in aerosol precursors with corresponding chemical components closely. However, surface-ozone concentrations showed increasing trends in most urban stations from 2013 to 2017, which indicates stronger photochemical pollution. The boundary-layer height in capital cities of eastern China showed no significant trends over the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions from 2013 to 2017, which confirmed the reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Our results demonstrated that the Chinese government was successful in the reduction of particulate matter in urban areas from 2013 to 2017, although the ozone concentration has increased significantly, suggesting a more complex mechanism of improving Chinese air quality in the future.
Potential for, and readiness to, dietary-style changes during the retirement status passage: a systematic mixed-studies review
Authors: Baer Nadja R , Deutschbein Johannes , Schenk Liane 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Context
Unfavorable diets contribute to the global burden of disease and particularly affect individuals’ health in old age. To promote healthy aging, it is vital to understand the biographical circumstances under which diets manifest and change.

Objective
This systematic mixed-studies review explored changes in dietary styles of people facing retirement.

Data Sources
Seven electronic databases were searched systematically, along with reference lists.

Data Extraction
Five qualitative and five quantitative studies were identified out of n = 974 records screened. Relevant study characteristics were extracted with a piloted form.

Data Synthesis
A qualitative convergent synthesis design was conducted.

Results
Study results were inconsistent. The majority of studies identified various dietary-style changes after retirement – some in favorable ways (eg, increased vegetable consumption [n = 4]) and some in rather unfavorable ways (eg, increased snacking [n = 2]). Influencing factors were changes in mealtime structures, available time, and financial situations accompanying retirement.

Conclusion
More high-quality, longitudinal research is needed to build a sound basis for interventions by utilizing the retirement transition as a window of opportunity for dietary changes.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018074049.
Shared Agency Without Shared Intention
Authors: Asarnow Samuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe leading reductive approaches to shared agency model that phenomenon in terms of complexes of individual intentions, understood as plan-laden commitments. Yet not all agents have such intentions, and non-planning agents such as small children and some non-human animals are clearly capable of sophisticated social interactions. But just how robust are their social capacities? Are non-planning agents capable of shared agency? Existing theories of shared agency have little to say about these important questions. I address this lacuna by developing a reductive account of the social capacities of non-planning agents, which I argue supports the conclusion that they can enjoy shared agency. The resulting discussion offers a fine-grained account of the psychological capacities that can underlie shared agency, and produces a recipe for generating novel hypotheses concerning why some agents (including, arguably, the great apes) do not engage in shared agency.
Bulk–edge correspondence and stability of multiple edge states of a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric non-Hermitian system by using non-unitary quantum walks
Authors: Kawasaki Makio , Mochizuki Ken , Kawakami Norio , Obuse Hideaki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Topological phases and the associated multiple edge states are studied for parity and time-reversal ($\mathcal{PT}$)-symmetric non-Hermitian open quantum systems by constructing a non-unitary three-step quantum walk retaining $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry in one dimension. We show that the non-unitary quantum walk has large topological numbers of the $\mathbb{Z}$ topological phase and numerically confirm that multiple edge states appear as expected from the bulk–edge correspondence. Therefore, the bulk–edge correspondence is valid in this case. Moreover, we study the stability of the multiple edge states against a symmetry-breaking perturbation so that the topological phase is reduced to $\mathbb{Z}_2$ from $\mathbb{Z}$. In this case, we find that the number of edge states does not become one unless a pair of edge states coalesce at an exceptional point. Thereby, this is a new kind of breakdown of the bulk–edge correspondence in non-Hermitian systems. The mechanism of the prolongation of edge states against the symmetry-breaking perturbation is unique to non-Hermitian systems with multiple edge states and anti-linear symmetry. Toward experimental verifications, we propose a procedure to determine the number of multiple edge states from the time evolution of the probability distribution.
The Composition Operation on Spaces of Holomorphic Mappings
Authors: Acosta María D , Galindo Pablo , Moraes Luiza A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe discuss the continuity of the composition on several spaces of holomorphic mappings on open subsets of a complex Banach space. On the Fréchet space of entire mappings that are bounded on bounded sets, the composition turns out to be even holomorphic. In such a space, we consider linear subspaces closed under left and right composition. We discuss the relationship of such subspaces with ideals of operators and give several examples of them. We also provide natural examples of spaces of holomorphic mappings where the composition is not continuous.
RADIATION DOSE DURING PELVIC RADIOGRAPHY IN RELATION TO BODY MASS INDEX
Authors: Zalokar Nika , Resnik Anja , Mekiš Nejc 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on dose area product (DAP), effective dose (E), dose to the organs and image quality (IQ) on 200 patients referred to pelvic radiography. Patients were classified into three groups according to BMI: normal (&lt;24.99), overweight (25.0–29.99) and obese (&gt;30). The results showed 52% and 135% higher DAP for overweight and obese patients compared to normal-weight patients (p &lt; 0.001). A 46 and 123% rise of E for overweight and obese patients compared to normal-weight patients (p &lt; 0.001) was discovered. Overweight patients received 37% higher dose and obese patients 107% higher dose to the organs compared to normal-weight patients. There were no statistically significant differences between IQ, except between normal weight and overweight patients. A strong correlation (r = 0.733) was found between BMI and DAP and between BMI and E (r = 0.776).
Altered Signaling in CB1R-5-HT2AR Heteromers in Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cells of Schizophrenia Patients is Modulated by Cannabis Use
Authors: Guinart Daniel , Moreno Estefanía , Galindo Liliana , Cuenca-Royo Aida , Barrera-Conde Marta , Pérez Ezequiel J , Fernández-Avilés Cristina , Correll Christoph U , Canela Enric I , Casadó Vicent , Cordomi Arnau , Pardo Leonardo , de la Torre Rafael , Pérez Víctor , Robledo Patricia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) has been associated with serotonergic and endocannabinoid systems dysregulation, but difficulty in obtaining in vivo neurological tissue has limited its exploration. We investigated CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromer expression and functionality via intracellular pERK and cAMP quantification in olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells of SCZ patients non-cannabis users (SCZ/nc), and evaluated whether cannabis modulated these parameters in patients using cannabis (SCZ/c). Results were compared vs healthy controls non-cannabis users (HC/nc) and healthy controls cannabis users (HC/c). Further, antipsychotic effects on heteromer signaling were tested in vitro in HC/nc and HC/c. Results indicated that heteromer expression was enhanced in both SCZ groups vs HC/nc. Additionally, pooling all 4 groups together, heteromer expression correlated with worse attentional performance and more neurological soft signs (NSS), indicating that these changes may be useful markers for neurocognitive impairment. Remarkably, the previously reported signaling properties of CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromers in ON cells were absent, specifically in SCZ/nc treated with clozapine. These findings were mimicked in cells from HC/nc exposed to clozapine, suggesting a major role of this antipsychotic in altering the quaternary structure of the CB1R-5-HT2AR heteromer in SCZ/nc patients. In contrast, cells from SCZ/c showed enhanced heteromer functionality similar to HC/c. Our data highlight a molecular marker of the interaction between antipsychotic medication and cannabis use in SCZ with relevance for future studies evaluating its association with specific neuropsychiatric alterations.
Gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Wang Peng-Xu , Deng Xin-Ru , Zhang Chen-Hong , Yuan Hui-Juan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a set of risk factors that can eventually lead to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. A detailed understanding of the MetS mechanism will be helpful in developing effective prevention strategies and appropriate intervention tools. In this article, we discuss the relationship between the clinical symptoms of MetS and differences in the gut microbial community compared with healthy individuals, characterized by the proliferation of potentially harmful bacteria and the inhibition of beneficial ones. Interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism have been shown to be mediated by a number of factors, including inflammation caused by gut barrier defects, short-chain fatty acids metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. However, although we can clearly establish a causal relationship between gut microbial profiles and MetS in animal experiments, the relationship between them is still controversial in humans. Therefore, we need more clinical studies to augment our understanding of how we can manipulate the gut microbiota and address the role of the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of MetS.
Quality Measures in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction: Identifying Metrics to Improve Care
Authors: Nasser Jacob S. , Chung William H. J. , Gudal Ryan A. , Kotsis Sandra V. , Momoh Adeyiza O. , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Specific measures tailored to the properties of individual procedures will ensure the appropriate evaluation of quality. Because postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) is becoming increasingly common, a review of the literature is timely to identify potential breast reconstruction–specific measures that can be applied by institutions and national healthcare organizations to improve quality.

Methods:
We searched PubMed and Embase for studies examining the quality of care for patients undergoing PMBR. Data extracted from the articles include basic study characteristics, the number of quality metrics, type of quality metric (defined by Donabedian model), and the domain of quality (defined by the National Academy of Medicine).

Results:
A total of 2,158 articles were identified in the initial search, and 440 studies were included for data extraction. The most common type of quality measure was outcome measures (91%), and the least common measure was structure measures (1%). The most common metrics were operative time (41%), hospital type (28%), and aspects of the patient–provider interactions (20%). Additionally, we found that timeliness and equity were least common among the 6 National Academy of Medicine domains.

Conclusions:
We identified metrics utilized in the PMBR, some of which can be further investigated through high-level evidence studies and incorporated into policy. Because many factors influence surgical outcomes and breast reconstruction is driven by patient preferences, an inclusion of structure, process, and outcome metrics will help improve care for this patient population. Moreover, nonpunitive initiatives, specifically quality collaboratives, may provide an avenue to improve care quality without compromising patient safety.
Osteoradionecrosis of the Chest Wall
Authors: Pruksapong Chatchai , Burusapat Chairat , Satayasoontorn Kantang 
Published: February 2020

Summary:
We present the case of a 48-year-old woman with a chronic ulcer with bony erosion over the right chest wall who had undergone adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for right breast cancer 18 years previously. Preoperative computed tomography revealed a large soft tissue ulcerative lesion with bony destruction of the anterolateral aspect of the right fifth and sixth ribs. Biopsy showed no evidence of recurrent malignancy. En bloc resection including the necrotic ulcer and partial resection of the fourth to sixth ribs was performed, resulting in a chest wall defect that exposed the right diaphragm and the right, middle, and lower lobes of the lung. Synthetic mesh was used to reconstruct the rib defect and prevent paradoxical respiration. A pedicle transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap was used for soft tissue and skin reconstruction.
Women and In-hospital Stroke Code Activation
Authors: Colsch Renee 
Published: February 2020

Background
Women have worse stroke outcomes than men, and almost 17% of all stroke cases have symptom onset when admitted to the hospital for a separate condition.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the distinctive factors that impact the activation of an in-hospital stroke code and outcomes in women who have a stroke while admitted to the hospital for a separate condition.

Methods
A retrospective observational propensity score study guided by the model for nursing effectiveness was used.

Results
In-hospital stroke code was activated in 46 of 149 or 30.9% of women and 15 of 149 or 10.1% of women received thrombolytic therapy. Activation of an in-hospital stroke code was significant (P < .001) for women receiving thrombolytic therapy and significant to a home discharge status (P = .014). Age (P < .001), ethnicity (P < .001), common (P ≤ .001) and unique (P = .012) stroke symptoms, stroke risk factors (P < .001), comorbid conditions (P < .001), time last known well (P = .041), and diagnostic imaging (P < .001) were all significantly related to activation of an in-hospital stroke code.

Conclusions
Activation of an in-hospital stroke is a key indicator for women to receive thrombolytic therapy and be discharged to home. Younger married women from non-Caucasian ethnic groups and women with stroke risk factors and comorbid conditions are at a greater risk for delayed stroke symptom detection and not having an in-hospital stroke code activated. Awareness of these factors that hinder early stroke detection in women is crucial to improving stroke treatment and outcomes in women.
Spike protein binding prediction with neutralizing antibodies of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Park Tamina , Lee Sang-Yeop , Kim Seil , Kim Mi Jeong , Kim Hong Gi , Jun Sangmi , Kim Seung Il , Kim Bum Tae , Park Edmond Changkyun , Park Daeui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new emerging human infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, also previously known as 2019-nCoV), originated in Wuhan seafood and animal market, China. Since December 2019, more than 69,000 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed in China and quickly spreads to other counties. Currently, researchers put their best efforts to identify effective drugs for COVID-19. The neutralizing antibody, which binds to viral capsid in a manner that inhibits cellular entry of virus and uncoating of the genome, is the specific defense against viral invaders. In this study, we investigate to identify neutralizing antibodies that can bind to SARS-CoV-2 Sipke (S) protein and interfere with the interaction between viral S protein and a host receptor by bioinformatic methods. The sequence analysis of S protein showed two major differences in the RBD region of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein compared to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV related bat viruses (btSARS-CoV). The insertion regions were close to interacting residues with the human ACE2 receptor. Epitope analysis of neutralizing antibodies revealed that SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies used conformational epitopes, whereas MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies used a common linear epitope region, which contributes to form the β-sheet structure in MERS-CoV S protein and deleted in SARS-CoV-2 S protein. To identify effective neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2, the binding affinities of neutralizing antibodies with SARS-CoV-2 S protein were predicted and compared by antibody-antigen docking simulation. The result showed that CR3022 neutralizing antibody from human may have higher binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 S protein than SARS-CoV S protein. We also found that F26G19 and D12 mouse antibodies could bind to SARS-CoV S protein with high affinity. Our findings provide crucial clues towards the development of antigen diagnosis, therapeutic antibody, and the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Usability of a Machine-Learning Clinical Order Recommender System Interface for Clinical Decision Support and Physician Workflow
Authors: Kumar Andre , Chiang Jonathan , Hom Jason , Shieh Lisa , Aikens Rachael , Baiocchi Michael , Morales David , Saini Divya , Musen Mark , Altman Russ , Goldstein Mary K , Asch Steven , Chen Jonathan H 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether clinicians will use machine learned clinical order recommender systems for electronic order entry for simulated inpatient cases, and whether such recommendations impact the clinical appropriateness of the orders being placed.Materials and Methods43 physicians used a clinical order entry interface for five simulated medical cases, with each physician-case randomized whether to have access to a previously-developed clinical order recommendation system. A panel of clinicians determined whether orders placed were clinically appropriate. The primary outcome was the difference in clinical appropriateness scores of orders for cases randomized to the recommender system. Secondary outcomes included usage metrics and physician opinions.ResultsClinical appropriateness scores for orders were comparable for cases randomized to the recommender system (mean difference -0.1 order per score, 95% CI:[-0.4, 0.2]). Physicians using the recommender placed more orders (mean 17.3 vs. 15.7 orders; incidence ratio 1.09, 95% CI:[1.01-1.17]). Case times were comparable with the recommender system. Order suggestions generated from the recommender system were more likely to match physician needs than standard manual search options. Approximately 95% of participants agreed the system would be useful for their workflows.DiscussionMachine-learned clinical order options can meet physician needs better than standard manual search systems. This may increase the number of clinical orders placed per case, while still resulting in similar overall clinically appropriate choices.ConclusionsClinicians can use and accept machine learned clinical order recommendations integrated into an electronic order entry interface. The clinical appropriateness of orders entered was comparable even when supported by automated recommendations.