bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light Trap Effectiveness to Capture Razorback Sucker Larvae in a Large Floodplain Wetland
Authors: Vlaming Catherine M. , Bestgen Kevin R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Light trap captures of larval Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus are used to trigger flow releases from Flaming Gorge Reservoir, which inundate floodplain wetland nursery habitat in the Green River, Utah. However, because little is known about the efficacy of traps to capture or retain larvae under field-relevant conditions, we conducted an exploratory study using releases of unmarked and marked (oxytetracycline hydrochloride) early life stages of Razorback Sucker (mesolarval life stage, hereafter called “larvae”) in the 53-ha Leota-10 wetland of the middle Green River. Batches of 10, 50, 250, or 1,000 larvae were released 3- or 10-m from light traps. Light traps had either chemical light stick or LED light sources, and releases were made on two successive evenings to assess recapture proportions. Light traps recaptured larvae each night and at all release abundances in this large and open habitat. Recapture proportions (number recaptured per number released) for individual traps ranged from 0 to 0.68 (mean = 0.11) over the two release nights. Because recapture proportions were similar over all release abundances, light trap captures may be an index of larvae abundance. In addition, recapture proportions of larvae in traps (light sources combined) were not influenced by release distance. Nonsignificant tests for release distance and release abundance effects had low statistical power resulting from high sample variability and modest sample sizes, so additional experiments are required to confirm those results. The ANCOVA also indicated that traps with an LED light source had consistently higher recapture proportions than traps lit with chemical light sticks, in support of laboratory findings. Although additional experiments with greater replication are needed to better understand attraction distance, release abundance, and retention effects, light traps may be a useful tool to monitor presence and abundance of larvae. This information will aid management and conservation of endangered Razorback Sucker in the Colorado River basin.
Decreased bone mineral density in ovariectomized mice is ameliorated after subsequent repeated intermittent administration of (R)‐ketamine, but not (S)‐ketamine
Authors: Fujita Yuko , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimDepression is a common symptom in people with osteoporosis. (R)‐ketamine produced greater potency and longer‐lasting antidepressant‐like actions than (S)‐ketamine in rodents. Here, we examined the effects of two ketamine enantiomers on the reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in the ovariectomized (OVX) mice which is an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.MethodsFemale ddY mice were OVX or sham‐operated. Subsequently, saline (10 mL/kg/d, twice weekly), (R)‐ketamine (10 mg/kg/d, twice weekly), or (S)‐ketamine (10 mg/kg/d, twice weekly) was administered intraperitoneally into OVX or sham mice for the 6 weeks. The femur from all mice was collected 3 days after the final injection, and BMD in the femur was measured.ResultsThe reduction of cortical BMD and total BMD in the OVX mice was significantly ameliorated after subsequent repeated intermittent administration of (R)‐ketamine, but not (S)‐ketamine.ConclusionThe study shows that (R)‐ketamine can ameliorate the reduced cortical BMD and total BMD in OVX mice. Therefore, (R)‐ketamine would be a novel therapeutic drug for women with osteoporosis.
Convergence analysis of a hp‐finite element approximation of the time‐harmonic Maxwell equations with impedance boundary conditions in domains with an analytic boundary
Authors: Nicaise Serge , Tomezyk Jérôme 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe consider a nonconforming hp‐finite element approximation of a variational formulation of the time‐harmonic Maxwell equations with impedance boundary conditions proposed by Costabel et al. The advantages of this formulation is that the variational space is embedded in H1 as soon as the boundary is smooth enough (in particular it holds for domains with an analytic boundary) and standard shift theorem can be applied since the associated boundary value problem is elliptic. Finally in order to perform a wavenumber explicit error analysis of our problem, a splitting lemma and an estimation of the adjoint approximation quantity are proved by adapting to our system the results from Melenk and Sauter obtained for the Helmholtz equation. Some numerical tests that illustrate our theoretical results are also presented. Analytic regularity results with bounds explicit in the wavenumber of the solution of a general elliptic system with lower order terms depending on the wavenumber are needed and hence proved.
Retracted: Weight Bias, Shame, and Self‐Compassion: Risk/Protective Mechanisms of Depression and Anxiety in Prebariatic Surgery Patients
Authors: Braun Tosca D. , Quinn Diane M. , Stone Andrea , Gorin Amy A. , Ferrand Jennifer , Puhl Rebecca M. , Sierra Jessica , Tishler Darren , Papasavas Pavlos 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivePsychopathology in bariatric surgery patients may contribute to adverse postoperative sequelae, including weight regain, substance use, and self‐harm. This cross‐sectional study aimed to advance the understanding of the risk and protective paths through which weight bias associates with depressive and anxiety symptoms in bariatric surgery candidates (BSC).MethodsBSC recruited from a surgical clinic (N = 213, 82.2% women, 43  [SD 12] years, mean BMI: 49  [SD 9] kg/m2) completed measures of experienced weight bias (EWB), internalized weight bias (IWB), body and internalized shame, and self‐compassion; anxiety and depression screeners were accessed from medical charts. Multiple regression and PROCESS bootstrapping estimates tested our hypothesized mediation model as follows: EWB→IWB→body shame→shame→self‐compassion→symptoms.ResultsAfter accounting for EWB and IWB, internalized shame accounted for greater variance in both end points than body shame. EWB was associated with greater anxiety through risk paths implicating IWB, body shame, and/or internalized shame. Protective paths associated EWB with fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms among those with higher self‐compassion.ConclusionsThe findings suggest a potentially important role for weight bias and shame in psychological health among BSC and implicate self‐compassion, a trainable affect‐regulation strategy, as a protective factor that may confer some resiliency. Future research using longitudinal and causal designs is warranted.
Difference in Housing Temperature‐Induced Energy Expenditure Elicits Sex‐Specific Diet‐Induced Metabolic Adaptations in Mice
Authors: Morris E. Matthew , Noland Roberto D. , Allen Julie A. , McCoin Colin S. , Xia Qing , Koestler Devin C. , Shook Robin P. , Lighton John R. B. , Christianson Julie A. , Thyfault John P. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test whether increased energy expenditure (EE), independent of physical activity, reduces acute diet‐induced weight gain through tighter coupling of energy intake to energy demand and enhanced metabolic adaptations.MethodsIndirect calorimetry and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess energy metabolism and body composition during 7‐day high‐fat/high‐sucrose (HFHS) feeding in male and female mice housed at divergent temperatures (20°C vs. 30°C).ResultsAs previously observed, 30°C housing resulted in lower total EE and energy intake compared with 20°C mice regardless of sex. Interestingly, housing temperature did not impact HFHS‐induced weight gain in females, whereas 30°C male mice gained more weight than 20°C males. Energy intake coupling to EE during HFHS feeding was greater in 20°C versus 30°C housing, with females greater at both temperatures. Fat mass gain was greater in 30°C mice compared with 20°C mice, whereas females gained less fat mass than males. Strikingly, female 20°C mice gained considerably more fat‐free mass than 30°C mice. Reduced fat mass gain was associated with greater metabolic flexibility to HFHS, whereas fat‐free mass gain was associated with diet‐induced adaptive thermogenesis.ConclusionsThese data reveal that EE and sex interact to impact energy homeostasis and metabolic adaptation to acute HFHS feeding, altering weight gain and body composition change.
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Is Growth Hormone Insufficiency the Missing Link Between Obesity, Male Gender, Age, and COVID‐19 Severity?
Authors: Lubrano Carla , Masi Davide , Risi Renata , Balena Angela , Watanabe Mikiko , Mariani Stefania , Gnessi Lucio 
Published: August 2020

Evidence has emerged regarding an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) with worse prognosis in elderly male patients with obesity, and blunted growth hormone (GH) secretion represents a feature of this population subgroup. Here, a comprehensive review of the possible links between GH–insulinlike growth factor 1 axis impairment and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) severity is offered. First, unequivocal evidence suggests that immune system dysregulation represents a key element in determining SARS‐CoV‐2 severity, as well as the association with adult‐onset GH deficiency (GHD); notably, if GH is physiologically involved in the development and maintenance of the immune system, its pharmacological replacement in GHD patients seems to positively influence their inflammatory status. In addition, the impaired fibrinolysis associated with GHD may represent a further link between GH–insulin‐like growth factor 1 axis impairment and COVID‐19 severity, as it has been associated with both conditions. In conclusion, several sources of evidence have supported a relationship between GHD and COVID‐19, and they also shed light upon potential beneficial effects of recombinant GH treatment on COVID‐19 patients.
Oral processing speed as a key mechanism in the relationship between neurological risk and adaptive functioning in survivors of pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Semmel Eric S. , Quadri Tobiloba R. , King Tricia Z. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeBrain tumor (BT) survivors are at risk for difficulties with adaptive functioning (AF). Recent work has associated neurological risk with poorer AF outcomes using the Neurological Predictor Scale (NPS), a quantification of neurological risk factors. Survivors also have poorer attention, processing speed, and working memory, which are all important for AF. The current study examined whether these cognitive constructs explain the relationship between the NPS and AF in survivors.MethodsNinety‐five adult BT survivors and 135 healthy controls were recruited from the Atlanta area. The Oral Symbol Digits Modalities test was used to measure processing speed, Digit Span Backward assessed working memory, and Digit Span Forward measured attention. Informants completed the Scales of Independent Behavior (SIB‐R) to measure AF. Group differences and correlations were assessed, and the PROCESS macro for SPSS tested indirect effects.ResultsSurvivors were significantly lower on AF and cognitive measures compared with controls. Attention span and processing speed had significant indirect effects in relationship between NPS and AF individually, but processing speed was the only variable with a significant indirect effect when all cognitive variables were included in the model. The NPS and processing speed together account for approximately 39% of variance in AF outcomes.ConclusionsBT survivors in our sample have lower AF than controls, and processing speed appears to be particularly important in explaining the relationship between neurological risk and AF. In the future, the development of interventions aimed at increasing young adult independence should target both cognitive processing speed and AF skills.
The relationship between motives for making money and life satisfaction: Evidence from 31 cities in China
Authors: Zhao Na , Lai Hua , Zhao Ran 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the obvious power of the money motive, money has received little attention from psychologists' writing about human motivation. Considering China's transition from its high material deprivation of several decades ago to its current rapidly developing economy, this study aimed to examine how the motives for making money affect life satisfaction through the analysis of a sample of 5,911 participants. The results were somewhat different from previous studies: all the basic motives, self‐integrated motives, and non‐integrated motives for making money were positively correlated with life satisfaction. We argue that, as the tool/drug theory of money states, money gives people immediate reward, like a drug. More precisely, our findings suggest that belongingness and meaningfulness of life mediate the relationship between motives for making money and life satisfaction. Based on the tool/drug theory, money can be exchanged for social status and can be used to pursue social display and social protection. Motives for making money can bring a sense of belongingness and meaningfulness of life in a large pay‐disparity context. Together, these findings extend our understanding of the tool/drug theory and the cultural attributes of money. A longitudinal study is urgently needed in the future to explore the duration of the “drug effect.”
Chain‐growth polycondensation via the substituent effect: Investigation in to the role of initiator and base on the synthesis of poly(N‐octyl benzamide)
Authors: Prehn Frederick C. , Etz Brian D. , Price Daniel , Trainor Amanda , Reese Caleb J. , Vyas Shubham , Boyes Stephen G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA detailed investigation into the role of initiator structure, the presence of an initiator, and basicity of the non‐nucleophilic base in the chain‐growth condensation (CGC) synthesis of poly(N‐octyl benzamide) was conducted. A series of phenyl ester dimethyl amide initiators with different leaving groups were synthesized and used in the CGC preparation of poly(N‐octyl benzamide). Additional polymerizations were conducted without the presence of an initiator and with different non‐nucleophilic bases. Kinetic studies, along with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel‐permeation chromatography, were used to determine progress of the reaction, molecular weights, and molecular weight distributions. The experimental and computational results demonstrated that initiators containing electron‐withdrawing substituent phenyl esters, such as the p‐nitrophenyl ester, and electron‐withdrawing carbonyl character on the parent benzoate produce polymers with controllable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Whereas, initiating species that contain electron‐donating character on the benzoate backbone, such as dimethylamino and methyl ester groups, produce polymers that resemble the results from reactions involving no initiators at all, indicating poor polymerization control.
Use of bilevel positive pressure ventilation in patients with bronchiolitis
Authors: Delacroix Elise , Millet Anne , Pin Isabelle , Mortamet Guillaume 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRationalThis study aims at describing the use of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in infants with severe bronchiolitis.Working HypothesisThe use of BiPAP in infants with bronchiolitis may be associated with a worst outcome.Study DesignA single‐center retrospective study performed from October 2013 to April 2016.MethodologyAll infants from 1 day to 6 months of age admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were included if they had a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis and if they required any type of noninvasive ventilation (NIV), including high flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure and BiPAP at admission in PICU. There was no local written protocol regarding the ventilator management during the study.ResultsOverall, 252 infants (median age 45 (26‐72) days) were included in the study and 110 infants (44%) were supported by BiPAP at admission. More infants were born preterm in the group of patients supported by BiPAP at admission. No complication related to NIV occurred. Patients in the BiPAP group had a longer duration of noninvasive support as well as a longer PICU length of stay. However, hospital length of stay did not differ according to the type of respiratory support at admission.ConclusionThe use of BiPAP was not associated with endotracheal intubation, however it was associated with increased PICU length of stay and increased duration of NIV.
Process safety education: Selecting the concepts for a process safety program (article 1/2)
Authors: Boogaerts Geert , Toeter Lisanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe content of an Advanced Master's in Safety Engineering lays the foundation for different initiatives regarding commitment to process safety as expressed by the chemical industry in Belgium. Process safety education is a very broad interdisciplinary topic in which various concepts deserve integration and sufficient and balanced academic attention. The definition, selection, and review of these concepts form the backbone described in this research, which considers the selection of relevant concepts based on literature review, analysis of historic and recent incidents that occurred in the process industry, and validation by the chemical major hazard industry. This article describes the methodology of the research and the results of both the literature review and analysis of incidents. The validation phase by the industry will be the subject of subsequent article.
Triangulation of methods using insect cell lines to investigate insecticidal mode‐of‐action
Authors: Mak Michelle , Beattie Karren D , Basta Albert , Randall David , Chen Zhong‐Hua , Spooner‐Hart Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated three in vitro models to assist in elucidating possible mode‐of‐action, which could be adopted to evaluate insecticidal activity of complex, unknown, or multi‐constituent formulations. We used a combination of absorbance spectrometry, confocal scanning laser microscopy and microelectrode ion flux estimation (MIFE) to provide insight into potential target sites for insecticides. This study used two insect cell lines and evaluated three pyrethroid insecticides.RESULTSWe observed that the two cell lines produced distinctly different responses. Drosophila melanogaster D.mel‐S2 cell line was a useful model to monitor ion flux changes, resulting from insecticides with neural toxicity; however, it was less useful to determine some metabolic pathway indicators of toxic stress. Conversely, the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cell line produced acute reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to insecticide treatments, but was not highly responsive in electrophysiological experiments. We also showed that the natural, multi‐constituent botanical extract of pyrethrum elicited different Na+, Cl− and Ca2+ ion fluxes than its synthetic, single constituent analogues, α‐cypermethrin and esfenvalerate. These two methods used in combination with absorbance spectrometry measuring cell growth inhibition plus cell mortality assays shed some light on cytotoxic responses in differing model cell lines.CONCLUSIONThis research highlights the importance of using multiple cell types and interdisciplinary methods to provide a better insight into mode of insecticidal action. This is especially pertinent to novel biopesticide discovery, as the underlying mechanisms for toxicity in initial screening processes are likely to be unknown.
Interactions between common vole and winter rape
Authors: Heroldová Marta , Šipoš Jan , Suchomel Josef , Zejda Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWinter rape is a widespread crop in Europe that provides the common vole with a suitable diet and cover from autumn to late spring (approximately 8 months). This review shows the following:
That common vole populations reach a high density in winter rape. Widespread rape fields (large size) provide better support for common vole populations compared to winter cereals.
That a high‐quality supply from winter rape enables the common vole to extend its reproductive season and successfully overwinter.
That the diet of the common vole primarily comprises the green vegetative parts of winter rape. The percentage of weed species in the diet depends on weed coverage in the crop.
That the impact of the common vole on winter rape correlates with vole density.
That no‐tillage farming enhances common vole infestation of winter rape fields, particularly in spring, and is related to damage to adjacent crops.
© 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle as a new method of pesticide application for almond crop protection
Authors: Li Xuan , Giles Durham Ken , Niederholzer Franz J , Andaloro John T , Lang Edward B , Watson Lawrence J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), a new method of application to deliver pesticides, is rapidly being adopted for commercial use in crop protection in East Asia with increasing worldwide interest. Pest control in mature almond orchards with dense foliar canopies presents greater coverage challenges than field crops and smaller orchard or vineyard crops. We investigated the use of an electric hexacopter to provide acceptable spray deposition and canopy penetration to be considered credible for use in an almond pest control program.RESULTSThe performance of the aerial and ground methods at different spray volumes were compared by analyzing spray deposition on water sensitive papers, insecticide residues on filter papers and residues on whole unhulled almonds at three canopy elevations. Overall residue levels of chlorantraniliprole insecticide on whole unhulled almonds across all pooled canopy strata were similar between UAV applied at 46.8 L/ha and 93.5 L/ha and the comparative air blast sprayer treatments applied at 935 L/ha. However, significant interactions between canopy elevation and spray method showed distinct residue patterns between the two application methods. Penetration and spray deposition at the lower canopy were observed and validated for the UAV application. Pest efficacy was evaluated by measuring nut damage at harvest.CONCLUSIONThis study presents promising data that support the potential innovative integration of UAV's into crop protection programs for large canopy crops such as almonds and may guide future research for developing relevant label recommendations.
Feature selection methods for root‐cause analysis among top‐level product attributes
Authors: Detzner Alexander , Eigner Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractManufacturing companies not only strive to deliver flawless products but also monitor product failures in the field to identify potential quality issues. When product failures occur, quality engineers must identify the root cause to improve any affected product and process. This root‐cause analysis can be supported by feature selection methods that identify relevant product attributes, such as manufacturing dates with an increased number of product failures.In this paper, we present different methods for feature selection and evaluate their ability to identify relevant product attributes in a root‐cause analysis. First, we compile a list of feature selection methods. Then, we summarize the properties of product attributes in warranty case data and discuss these properties regarding the challenges they pose for machine learning algorithms. Next, we simulate datasets of warranty cases, which emulate these product properties. Finally, we compare the feature selection methods based on these simulated datasets. In the end, the univariate filter information gain is determined to be a suitable method for a wide range of applications.The comparison based on simulated data provides a more general result than other publications, which only focus on a single use case. Due to the generic nature of the simulated datasets, the results can be applied to various root‐cause analysis processes in different quality management applications and provide a guideline for readers who wish to explore machine learning methods for their analysis of quality data.