bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese Indicates a Transition from Sub- to Near-Chandrasekhar Type Ia Supernovae in Dwarf Galaxies*
Authors: de los Reyes Mithi A. C. , Kirby Evan N. , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Shen Ken J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Manganese abundances are sensitive probes of the progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). In this work, we present a catalog of manganese abundances in dwarf spheroidal satellites of the Milky Way, measured using medium-resolution spectroscopy. Using a simple chemical evolution model, we infer the manganese yield of SNe Ia in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) and compare to theoretical yields. The sub-solar yield from SNe Ia (

at [Fe/ H] = −1.5 dex, with negligible dependence on metallicity) implies that sub-Chandrasekhar-mass (sub-M
Ch) white dwarf progenitors are the dominant channel of SNe Ia at early times in this galaxy, although some fraction (≳20%) of M
Ch Type Ia or Type Iax SNe are still needed to produce the observed yield. First-order corrections for deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium increase the inferred

by as much as ∼0.3 dex. However, our results also suggest that the nucleosynthetic source of SNe Ia may depend on environment. In particular, we find that dSphs with extended star formation histories (Leo I, Fornax dSphs) appear to have higher [Mn/Fe] at a given metallicity than galaxies with early bursts of star formation (Sculptor dSph), suggesting that M
Ch progenitors may become the dominant channel of SNe Ia at later times in a galaxy’s chemical evolution.
ALMA Reveals the Molecular Gas Properties of Five Star-forming Galaxies across the Main Sequence at 3
Authors: Cassata Paolo , Liu Daizhong , Groves Brent , Schinnerer Eva , Ibar Eduardo , Sargent Mark , Karim Alexander , Talia Margherita , Fèvre Olivier Le , Tasca Lidia , Lemaux Brian C. , Ribeiro Bruno , Fiore Stefano , Romano Michael , Mancini Chiara , Morselli Laura , Rodighiero Giulia , Rodríguez-Muñoz Lucía , Enia Andrea , Smolcic Vernesa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present the detection of CO (5−4) with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 7–13 and a lower CO transition with S/N > 3 (CO (4−3) for four galaxies, and CO (3−2) for one) with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in bands 3 and 4 in five main-sequence (MS) star-forming galaxies with stellar masses (3–6) × 1010
M
⊙ at 3 < z < 3.5. We find a good correlation between the total far-infrared luminosity L
FIR and the luminosity of the CO (5−4) transition

, where

increases with star formation rate (SFR), indicating that CO (5−4) is a good tracer of the obscured SFR in these galaxies. The two galaxies that lie closer to the star-forming MS have CO spectral line energy distribution (SLED) slopes that are comparable to other star-forming populations, such as local submillimeter galaxies and BzK star-forming galaxies; the three objects with higher specific star formation rates have far steeper CO SLEDs, which possibly indicates a more concentrated episode of star formation. By exploiting the CO SLED slopes to extrapolate the luminosity of the CO (1−0) transition and using a classical conversion factor for MS galaxies of

, we find that these galaxies are very gas-rich, with molecular gas fractions between 60% and 80% and quite long depletion times, between 0.2 and 1 Gyr. Finally, we obtain dynamical masses that are comparable to the sum of stellar and gas mass (at least for four out of five galaxies), allowing us to put a first constraint on the α
CO parameter for MS galaxies at an unprecedented redshift.
Antibiotic resistance profile of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from healthy sheep in Qatar
Authors: Eltai Nahla , Al Thani Asmaa A , Al-Hadidi Sara H , Abdfarag Elmoubasher A , Al-Romaihi Hamad , Mahmoud Mahmoud H , Alawad Osama K , Yassine Hadi M 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The uncontrolled antibiotics use in livestock is a leading factor for the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans through the food chain. This study aims at evaluating the magnitude of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food animals, acknowledging the lack of information on the prevalence of resistance in the veterinary field in Qatar.
Methodology: Rectal samples were collected from 171 sheep across three localities in Qatar between December 2016 and July 2017. These rectal samples were suspended in Phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Then streaked onto a selective CHROMagar E. coli medium plates and incubated at 37°C for 18 to 24 h. Isolated E. coli were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against 16 clinically- relevant antibiotics using the E-test method. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistics 24.
Results: E. coli was isolated from 144 samples (84.2%), of which 90% were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 44% were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The highest resistance was against ciprofloxacin 69.4% (100), followed by nitrofurantoin 47.2% (68), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 45.8% (66), cephalothin 43% (62) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 18% (26). Low resistance was reported to fosfomycin, amikacin and tigecycline 1.4% (2), 0.7% (1), and 0.7% (1), respectively.
Conclusions: We reported high MDR E. coli in rectal swabs of sheep in Qatar. Such resistant bacteria can potentially be transmitted to humans, resulting in public health concerns. This requires a quick response to develop and implement a stewardship program for the monitoring of antibiotic use in the veterinary in Qatar.
À propos d’un ouvrage : Lorraine ODIER, Métamorphoses de la figure parentale. Analyse des discours de l’École des parents de Genève (1950 à 2010), Lausanne, Antipodes, coll. « Existences et société », 2018, 368 p. L’École des parents et des éducateurs de Genève comme révélateur des Métamorphoses de la figure parentale
Authors: Neyrand Gérard 
Published: March 2020

L’article analyse la politique de soutien à la parentalité d’un organisme phare de ce soutien, l’École des parents, à partir de l’ouvrage de Lorraine Odier sur l’École des parents de Genève. Y sont mis en parallèle l’évolution de la normativité dont cet organisme est porteur et les évolutions sociales sur trois périodes. 1950-1972 : Émergence du parent « éducateur » et responsabilisation des mères ; 1972-1988 : Émergence du parent « réflexif » et de la « maternité naturelle » ; et 1988-2010 : Émergence du couple « parent-enfant » et de la disponibilité maternelle. S’y dévoilent la nouvelle place de l’enfant dans la réalisation parentale, et l’importance prise par la responsabilisation des parents, surtout la mère. Elle y voit son statut prépondérant réaffirmé, d’abord sur la base des savoirs psychologiques diffusés puis sur celle de sa naturalité biologique, alors que le père, dégagé de son ancienne position sociale dominante, n’a plus véritablement de rôle parental à jouer, sauf s’il est séparé.
Les senteurs de l’argent
Authors: Herlin-Giret Camille 
Published: March 2020

Résumé Si les dispositifs qui guident des acheteurs dans un univers incertain ont fait l’objet d’une importante littérature en sociologie économique, la manière dont les professionnels choisissent leurs clients a, inversement, été peu étudiée. Cet article montre que, sur les marchés du conseil patrimonial, la canalisation des clients est adossée à un enjeu d’identification et de sélection des « bons » clients. L’attention portée aux repères que mobilisent, en pratique, les conseillers patrimoniaux pour identifier ces clients permet de mettre en lumière les constructions de la richesse de ces professionnels. Cet article est le fruit d’un travail empirique qui comprend la réalisation d’entretiens avec des gestionnaires de patrimoine et de fortune ainsi que l’étude d’une revue dédiée à ces professionnels. Il s’arrête d’abord sur l’euphémisation de la dimension marchande sur les lieux de la rencontre. Il analyse ensuite les ressorts de la circulation des clients autour de deux appuis simples de repérage de la clientèle ciblée. Enfin, il examine la course à une clientèle – les new money – présentée comme la plus prisée sur le marché du conseil patrimonial.
L’éducation intégrale de la jeunesse française : la mainmise catholique sur un concept éducatif (1898-1939)
Authors: Groeninger Fabien 
Published: March 2020

Comment les catholiques se sont-ils emparés d’un concept développé dans les milieux socialistes et libertaires dès la fin du XIXe siècle ? La fédération gymnastique et sportive catholique créée en 1898 devient rapidement une organisation de jeunesse de masse. Elle connaît son apogée dans les années 1920 avec des dirigeants qui ont la certitude que l’éducation intégrale de la jeunesse est mise au service de la nation. Ainsi les dirigeants éprouvent-ils le besoin de théoriser pour vaincre les réticences y compris dans leur propre camp. Si l’éducation intégrale catholique s’éloigne dans un premier temps des conceptions socialistes par sa dimension religieuse, son militarisme et son refus de la mixité, des voix discordantes émergent dans les années 1930 et rapprochent peu à peu les deux visions antagonistes.
A inserção da tecnologia nas aulas de matemática e seu processo avaliativo: um estudo preliminar sobre as percepções de professores polivalentes
Authors: Mastroianni Maria Teresa Merino Ruz , Oliveira Gerson Pastre de 
Published: March 2020

Este trabalho busca investigar as percepções de duas professoras dos anos iniciais sobre a inserção da tecnologia aos processos de ensino nas aulas de matemática bem como sobre a avaliação que fazem desse processo. O contexto é uma experiência realizada em uma escola da rede particular da cidade de São Paulo, envolvendo o uso de um aplicativo tecnológico digital. Tanto o tema quanto o ambiente e sujeitos investigados, são elementos de um projeto de pesquisa ligado à formação de professores que pretende fornecer subsídios para uma tese de doutorado em Educação Matemática. As referências teóricas exploram as ideias provenientes de uma proposta conhecida como Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), especialmente as que propõem uma estrutura conceitual para a tecnologia educacional em integração com seus equivalentes didático e do conteúdo, ou seja, uma concepção integrada destes três aspectos. A investigação, de abordagem qualitativa, na fase aqui exposta, traz como instrumento um questionário, a partir do qual foi possível identificar, preliminarmente, que as professoras ainda posicionam os saberes relativos à tecnologia como elementos desconectados em relação ao elenco dos demais saberes necessários ao trabalho docente, atribuindo a este componente um papel secundário, destinado à motivação e ao aguçamento da curiosidade dos estudantes. Em contrapartida, foi possível vislumbrar que em função de uma nova prática e do processo avaliativo da mesma, novas mediações dos professores podem se constituir nas bases aqui discutidas.Palavras-chave: formação de professores que ensinam Matemática; tecnologias para o ensino de Matemática; TPACK; processo avaliativo; novas mediações
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS AND HOURLY VARIATIONS IN BIOGAS CONCENTRATION IN A SANITARY LANDFILL IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL
Authors: Mota Francisco Suetônio , Monteiro Lorena S. , Silva Wildson Max B. da , Borges David A. 
Published: March 2020

This study determined the hourly variations in the concentration of methane
(CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxygen (O2) during 24-hour periods in a
sanitary landfill located in Northeast Brazil, with a predominantly hot tropical
mild semi-arid climate. Data were collected over 24 hours in four campaigns in
November 2014 and January, March, and April 2015. The measurements were
taken in a drain of the sanitary landfill using a portable gas analyzer. We
found that, in general, the highest methane concentrations corresponded to the
highest biogas temperatures. The maximum concentration of CH4 (59.2%)
occurred at a temperature of 36.8ºC, while the minimum concentration of
CH4 (43.2%) was identified at a temperature of 25.4ºC. No relationship was
found between CH4 emissions and rainfall, with temperature being the factor
that most influenced the concentration of this gas.
Ultrafast Investigation of Individual Bright Exciton–Plasmon Polaritons in Size‐Tunable Metal–WS2 Hybrid Nanostructures
Authors: Chowdhury Rup K. , Datta Prasanta K. , Bhaktha Shivakiran N. B. , Ray Samit K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStrong light–matter interactions between resonantly coupled metal plasmons and spin–orbit‐coupled bright excitons from 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can produce discrete bright exciton–plasmon polaritons (plexcitons). A few efforts have been made to perceive the spin‐induced exciton‐polaritons in nanocavities at cryogenic conditions, however, successful realization of bright plexcitons in time domain is still lacking. Here, both the bright plexcitons are identified discretely at room temperature and their ultrafast temporal dynamics in size‐tunable Au–WS2 hybrid nanostructures are investigated using a helicity‐controlled femtosecond pump‐probe spectroscopy technique. The zero detuning between both the bright excitons and plasmons is achieved at ≈7.0 ps, matching with the stable plexciton formation time. The Rabi‐splitting energy is as high as ≈250 meV for both the plexcitons, validating the strong‐coupling conditions of polariton formation. Realization of these novel bright exciton–plasmon interactions in the metal–TMDs platform is, therefore, interesting for both fundamental understanding and their possible futuristic applications in quantum photonics operating at room temperature.
Gold(I) Complexes with Eight‐Membered NHC Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Cervantes‐Reyes Alejandro , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA series of expanded‐ring NHC gold complexes of the formula (NaphtDHD−Ar)Au−X (NaphtDHD=4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐naphtho[1,8‐ef][1,3]diazocin‐3(2H)‐ylidene; Ar: Mes=2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl, Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl or Xyl=2,6‐dimethylphenyl; X=Cl, NCCH3, NTf2) have been synthesized, including the first gold(I) triflimidate complex (5) stabilized by an eight‐membered NHC ligand. The new organogold compounds have been characterized by mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structural geometries of 3 b–c and 5 have been unequivocally established by crystallographic analysis revealing broad N‐C‐N angles (>121°) and high buried volume values (46–54%). The first catalytic studies were carried out on the cycloisomerization of 1,6‐enynes, obtaining full conversions (0.5 mol% catalyst loading) and excellent endo/exo selectivity (up to 99:1), and on the gold‐catalyzed phenol synthesis. Lastly, the (NaphtDHD‐Dipp)Au+ NTf2− species was subjected to a kinetic experiment in the cyclization of a N‐propargyl carboxamide to evaluate the efficiency of the pre‐formed catalyst (5) and the in situ activated gold complex (3 b+AgNTf2).magnified image
A Combination of a Volatile‐Memristor‐Based True Random‐Number Generator and a Nonlinear‐Feedback Shift Register for High‐Speed Encryption
Authors: Woo Kyung Seok , Wang Yongmin , Kim Yumin , Kim Jihun , Kim Woohyun , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA true random‐number generator (TRNG) and a nonlinear feedback shift register (NFSR) are combined to create a new type of TRNG. This TRNG is based on the intrinsic stochasticity of threshold switching behavior in a Pt/HfO2/TiN memristor and an NFSR circuit. Considering the transition rate of the hopping process, the stochasticity of the delay time can be attributed to the phonon‐assisted hopping process. This novel TRNG passes all 15 National Institute of Standards and Technology randomness tests without post‐processing steps, proving its performance as a hardware security application. By combining the TRNG with the NFSR, the bit generation rate is further improved, allowing it to be used for high‐speed applications.
A Monolayer Leaky Integrate‐and‐Fire Neuron for 2D Memristive Neuromorphic Networks
Authors: Hao Song , Ji Xinglong , Zhong Shuai , Pang Khin Yin , Lim Kian Guan , Chong Tow Chong , Zhao Rong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract2D material based memristors have exhibited superior performance as artificial synapses for neuromorphic computing. However, 2D artificial neurons as have note been exploited as an indispensable computational element owing to the rich dynamics of neurons, which impede the construction of a 2D neuromorphic network. A methodology is developed by introducing ionic migration dynamics and electrochemical reaction into monolayer MoS2 single crystal and a 2D artificial neuron is realized. The sophisticated electrophysiology process of leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) is emulated by the injection and extraction of Ag+ ions under an e‐field in a monolayer MoS2 device with fine‐tuned channel length. Moreover, the fire frequency and relaxation time of the artificial neurons can be readily modulated by adjusting the input voltage pulses. By directly capturing conductive filament under a scanning electron microscope, the underlying mechanism of the unique resistive switching of the 2D artificial neuron is attributed to the rapid diffusion and migration of Ag in MoS2 lattice under the e‐field. The formation and rupture of the conductive Ag filament enable volatile resistive switching and LIF behaviors. Furthermore, MoS2‐based neurons are integrated with a nonvolatile synapse array to build a full memristive artificial neural network and implement pattern classification, paving the way for the construction of 2D neuromorphic networks.
Effect of low‐use‐rate zinc fertilization on rice growth and grain yield
Authors: Coffin Maxwell D. , Slaton Nathan A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLow‐use‐rate Zn fertilization methods have been developed and marketed for rice (Oryza sativa L.) fertilization with limited research validating their efficacy. Our research objectives were to evaluate the effect of Zn‐seed treatment rate combined with six Zn‐fertilization methods on early season canopy coverage, tissue‐Zn concentration at the mid‐tillering stage, and rice grain yield. The field experiment was conducted on six silt loams and one clay. Rice seed was treated with 0 or 3.3 g Zn kg−1 as ZnO and combined with no Zn, granular ZnSO4 applied at 11 kg Zn ha−1 (GRAN), 1.68 kg Zn ha−1 as MicroEssentials (MESZ), 1.1 kg Zn ha−1 as foliar‐applied Zn‐EDTA (EDTA), and 0.56 and 1.12 kg Zn ha−1 of WolfTrax Zn‐DDP (DDP). Canopy coverage of seedling rice was measured at six sites and analyzed by site. Four sites were not affected by Zn‐seed treatment rate or fertilization method. At two sites, canopy coverage was affected by Zn‐fertilization method or the significant Zn‐seed treatment rate and Zn‐fertilization method interaction. Rice receiving MESZ had the greatest canopy coverage at these sites. When averaged across sites and Zn fertilization methods, seed treated with 3.3 g Zn kg−1 increased seedling tissue‐Zn concentration and biomass by 1.6 mg Zn kg−1 and 48 kg ha−1 respectively. Rice receiving GRAN, increased tissue‐Zn concentration by 7.6 mg Zn kg−1 above rice not receiving Zn (21.3 mg kg−1). Low‐use‐rate Zn fertilizers provide minimal Zn nutrition for rice seedlings and should be avoided on fields where Zn deficiencies are probable.
Silver‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Aldehydes Using Donor‐/ Acceptor‐type Vinyl Diazosuccinimides to Access Spiro‐Pyrrolidinedioneoxiranes
Authors: Laha Debasish , Bhat Ramakrishna G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA silver(I)‐catalyzed method to access spiro‐pyrrolidinedioneoxiranes has been developed. Silver hexafluoroantimonate was found to be an efficient catalyst for the epoxidation of aldehydes using donor‐/acceptor‐substituted vinyl diazosuccinimides as carbenoid precursors. The protocol has been found to be highly regio‐ and chemoselective, and works well with aromatic aldehydes containing electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating groups to afford spiro‐pyrrolidinedioneoxiranes with a broad substrate scope.
Factors influencing infant sex ratio in howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.): A literature review and analysis
Authors: Dias Pedro A. D. , Montero Domínguez Irma L. , Rangel Negrín Ariadna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveFrequency‐dependent selection is expected to maintain infant sex ratios around parity over evolutionary time. However, over ecological time periods, infant sex ratios vary, and it has been proposed that this variation may reflect adaptive processes. In primates, there are consistent patterns of variation in infant sex ratios, although their adaptive significance remains contentious. In addition to design issues, contrasting results could have derived across primates from variation in the fitness benefits accrued through sons or daughters associated with the specific social, ecological, and demographic context of populations. Thus, different sex allocation tactics could occur within species over time and space.MethodsWe reviewed the literature to describe variation in infant sex ratio in howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) and to examine whether such a variation could be associated with adaptive sex allocation. We found 26 studies that provided data for this review. These studies yielded 96 infant sex reports, corresponding to 1,477 sexed infants.ResultsInfant sex ratio across howler monkey species tends to parity, but females produce more sons under high group densities and more daughters when rainfall increases.DiscussionBased on these results, as well as on information on howler monkey dispersal patterns, demography, and within‐group genetic relatedness, we speculate that, depending on population growth stage, sex allocation is explained by (a) local resource enhancement, that is, more cooperative philopatric daughters are produced when populations are growing; and (b) local resource competition, that is, more dispersing sons are produced when populations are saturated. Thus, there is evidence suggestive of adaptive variation in infant sex ratios in howler monkeys.
Fast Apparent Oscillations of Fundamental Constants
Authors: Antypas Dionysios , Budker Dmitry , Flambaum Victor V. , Kozlov Mikhail G. , Perez Gilad , Ye Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrecision spectroscopy of atoms and molecules allows one to search for and to put stringent limits on the variation of fundamental constants. These experiments are typically interpreted in terms of variations of the fine structure constant α and the electron‐to‐proton mass ratio . Atomic spectroscopy is usually less sensitive to other fundamental constants, unless the hyperfine structure of atomic levels is studied. However, the number of possible dimensionless constants increases when allowed for fast variations of the constants, where “fast” is determined by the time scale of the response of the studied species or experimental apparatus used. In this case, the relevant dimensionless quantity is, for example, the ratio and is the time average. In this sense, one may say that the experimental signal depends on the variation of dimensionful constants ( in this example).