bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of adhesive ingredients on adhesion between rubber and brass‐plated steel wire in tire
Authors: Chowdhury Soumya Ghosh , Chanda Jagannath , Ghosh Sreedip , Banerjee Koushik , Banerjee Shib Shankar , Das Amit , Ghosh Prasenjit , Bhattacharyya Sanjay Kr. , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProficiency on underlying mechanism of rubber‐metal adhesion has been increased significantly in the last few decades. Researchers have investigated the effect of various ingredients, such as hexamethoxymethyl melamine, resorcinol, cobalt stearate, and silica, on rubber‐metal interface. The role of each ingredient on rubber‐metal interfacial adhesion is still a subject of scrutiny. In this article, a typical belt skim compound of truck radial tire is selected and the effect of each adhesive ingredient on adhesion strength is explored. Out of these ingredients, the effect of cobalt stearate is found noteworthy. It has improved adhesion strength by 12% (without aging) and by 11% (humid‐aged), respectively, over control compound. For detailed understanding of the effect of cobalt stearate on adhesion, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy are utilized to ascertain the rubber coverage and distribution of elements. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results helped us to understand the impact of CuXS layer depth on rubber‐metal adhesion. The depth profile of the CuXS layer was found to be one of the dominant factors of rubber‐metal adhesion retention. Thus, this study has made an attempt to find the impact of different adhesive ingredients on the formation of CuXS layer depth at rubber‐metal interface and establish a correlation with adhesion strength simultaneously.
Electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of nano‐structured carbon assisted poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites
Authors: Mondal Subhadip , Ravindren Revathy , Shin Beomsu , Kim Suhyun , Lee Hyunsang , Ganguly Sayan , Das Narayan Ch. , Nah Changwoon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanostructured carbon‐based polymeric nanocomposites are gaining research interest because of their cost‐effectiveness, lightweight, and robust electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Till now, it is a great challenge to design and fabricate highly scalable, cost‐effective nanocomposites with superior EMI shielding performance. Herein, highly scalable EMI shielding material with tunable absorbing behaviors comprising of low‐budget ketjen black (K‐CB) reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites have been prepared using simple solvent assisted solution mixing technique followed by hot compression technique. The morphological investigation revealed the homogeneous distribution of K‐CB and strong interfacial interaction in PMMA matrix, which validated the strong reinforcement and other intriguing properties of the nanocomposites. The PMMA nanocomposites showed a low percolation threshold (2.79 wt%) and excellent electrical conductivity due to the formation of 3D conductive network like architecture within the polymer matrix. Specifically, the 10 wt% K‐CB nanocomposite possessed a superior EMI shielding performance of about 28 dB for X‐band frequency range. Further, a huge change in EMI shielding performance of PMMA nanocomposites is observed with varying thickness. The brand new K‐CB decorated PMMA nanocomposites are expected to open the door for next‐generation cost‐effective EMI shielding materials for academic and industrial applications.
Parental perceptions of gender differences in child technology use and cyberbullying
Authors: Bolenbaugh Mallory , Foley‐Nicpon Megan , Young Rachel , Tully Melissa , Grunewald Nikki , Ramirez Marizen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCyberbullying is a major health concern for today's youth and a pervasive stressor for adolescents and their families. This study offers qualitative insights into how parents perceive their children's technology use and engagement in cyberbullying based on gender. Eight focus groups were conducted with 48 parents of adolescents ages 10–17. Findings indicated parents perceived their children overuse technology and lack awareness of what cyberbullying is. Specific to gender, parents suggested their daughters use technology for social connection, and parents were more concerned about their daughter's technology use than their son's, which they believed was related to specific interests. In response to cyberbullying scenarios, parents encouraged females but not males to socialize with peers. This is the first qualitative study to obtain an in‐depth understanding of the ways in which parents perceive and socialize their children in regard to technology use and cyberbullying scenarios. These results may help school systems, school psychologists, researchers, and parents gain awareness of the gender‐stereotypical socialization process that unfolds in parental monitoring of technology use and cyberbullying situations. We conclude by offering suggestions for how school systems and personnel might intervene.
Evidence of ionic film deposition from single‐filament dielectric barrier discharges in Ar–HMDSO mixtures
Authors: Bröcker Lars , Perlick Gesa S. , Klages Claus‐Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe short residence time of Ar–HMDSO (Ar–hexamethyldisiloxane) gas mixtures rapidly flowing across atmospheric‐pressure, glow‐type, single‐filament dielectric barrier discharges is utilized to accomplish thin‐film deposition via a purely ionic route. A comparison of thin‐film volumes obtained from profilometry, on the one hand, and from the transferred charge, on the other hand, enables to evaluate the mass of the ions contributing to the film growth. For HMDSO fractions at the lower end of the studied range of molar fractions, 50 ppm, pentamethyldisiloxanyl cations (Me3SiOSiMe2+, PMDS+), generated from the monomer via Penning ionization by Ar(1s) species, are mainly responsible for film formation. For HMDSO fractions growing beyond 1,000 ppm, ionic oligomerization processes by reactions of PMDS+ with HMDSO molecules result in a 2.5‐fold increase of the average deposited ion mass.
The association between asthma and anxiety in elementary school students in Japan
Authors: Kimura Manami , Ikeda Ai , Suzuki Yohei , Maruyama Koutatsu , Wada Hiroo , Tanigawa Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the association between asthma and anxiety in Asian children are limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between asthma and anxiety among Japanese elementary school students.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of the association between asthma and anxiety in primary school children in Matsuyama City was conducted in 2014. The questionnaires included inquiries on asthma, anxiety, and other demographic variables. After excluding missing values, 17 752 (51.5% male) children were included in the analysis. The presence of asthma (yes/no) was answered by guardians. A score of four or more on the emotional symptom subscale of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire was considered as having anxiety. A Rohrer index score of 145 or more was considered as overweight. We estimated the prevalence ratio (PR) of having anxiety in relation to the presence of asthma based on the Poisson regression model.ResultsThe multivariate PR (95% confidence interval) of having anxiety in asthmatic boys compared with non‐asthmatic boys was 1.56 (1.21‐1.99). The association was more evident in older than younger boys, where PR = 1.32 (0.93‐1.88) for younger versus 1.87(1.32‐2.64) for older boys (P for interaction = .08); and in non‐overweight boys than overweight, where PR = 1.64 (1.27‐2.13) and 0.94 (0.41‐2.19) (P for interaction = .22), respectively. Similar associations were not found for girls.ConclusionAsthma was significantly associated with anxiety in boys, particularly in older boys.
Sleep disordered breathing: Assessment and therapy in the age of emerging neuromuscular therapies
Authors: Gurbani Neepa , Pascoe John E. , Katz Sherri , Sawnani Hemant 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe term neuromuscular disease (NMD) encompasses a large variety of disorders that result in abnormal muscle function. Although it may be conventional to relate the use of this term to the most common muscular diseases (Duchenne muscular dystrophy [DMD], spinal muscular atrophy [SMA], and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, etc), it is important to extend the term to pathologies manifested by severe neurologic (brain and spinal cord) malformations and injuries. In many of these scenarios, there are common mechanisms that contribute to sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and respiratory insufficiency although comorbidities may be somewhat different. Advances in the understanding of these diseases and their natural history, and increasing availability of mechanical ventilation to these patients have improved survival. The development of novel genetic and molecular therapies (as in the cases of DMD, SMA, and X‐linked myotubular myopathy) provides an opportunity to use SDB as a reasonable outcome measure while also allowing the use of polysomnography as a validation tool in the assessments of effectiveness of therapies. We seek to provide an understanding of SDB in NMDs, and in the same light, would like to begin the conversation of thinking about weaning respiratory support when possible.
Individualized robotic organ‐sparing surgery in a paediatric case of renal perivascular epithelioid cell tumour
Authors: Silveri Massimiliano , Natali Gian Luigi , Cobellis Giovanni , Roberti Agnese , Rossi Sabrina , Gregori Lorenzo , Torino Giovanni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas) represent a rare group of mesenchymal tumours with an unpredictable outcome. They are usually observed in middle‐aged women whilst they are very rare in children, with limited cases described. Due to the rare anatomical location in kidneys, a correct diagnosis and treatment is really challenging.MethodsWe observed and treated a case of kidney's PEComa in a 14‐year‐old boy.ResultsAn individualized approach based on anatomical (3D CT‐reconstructions) and histopathological (US‐guided preliminary biopsy) features lead us to perform a successful robotic‐sparing surgery enabling the preservation of two‐thirds of the kidney involved.ConclusionsA meticulous preoperative planning in selected patients can lead to a minimally invasive approach even in some paediatric kidney's neoplasms.
An overview of the immune mechanisms of viral myocarditis
Authors: Lasrado Ninaad , Reddy Jay 
Published: July 2020

SummaryViral myocarditis has been identified as a major cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) that can lead to heart failure. Historically, Coxsackieviruses and adenoviruses have been commonly suspected in myocarditis/DCM patients in North America and Europe. However, this notion is changing as other viruses such as Parvovirus B19 and human herpesvirus‐6 are increasingly reported as causes of myocarditis in the United States, with the most recent example being the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, causing the Coronavirus Disease‐19. The mouse model of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)‐induced myocarditis, which may involve mediation of autoimmunity, is routinely used in the study of immune pathogenesis of viral infections as triggers of DCM. In this review, we discuss the immune mechanisms underlying the development of viral myocarditis with an emphasis on autoimmunity in the development of post‐infectious myocarditis induced with CVB3.
Classification ofhigh‐dimensionalelectroencephalography data with location selection using structuredspike‐and‐slabprior
Authors: Mohammed Shariq , Dey Dipak K. , Zhang Yuping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the advent of modern technologies, it is increasingly common to deal with data of large dimensions in various scientific fields of study. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian approach for the classification of multi‐subject high‐dimensional electroencephalography (EEG) data. In this EEG data, we have a matrix of covariates corresponding to each subject from either the alcoholic or control group. The matrix covariates have a natural spatial correlation based on the locations of the brain, and temporal correlation as the measurements are taken over time. We employ a divide and conquer strategy by building multiple local Bayesian models at each time point separately. We incorporate the spatial structure through the structured spike‐and‐slab prior, which has inherent variable selection properties. The temporal structure is incorporated within the prior by learning from the local model from the previous time point. We pool the information from the local models and use a weighted average to design a prediction method. We perform simulation studies to show the efficiency of our approach and demonstrate the local Bayesian modeling with a case study on EEG data.
Complex influences of mechanistic knowledge, worldview, and quantitative reasoning on climate change discourse: Evidence for ideologically motivated reasoning among youth
Authors: Zummo Lynne , Donovan Brian , Busch K. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change remains divisive in the United States, where skepticism of the scientific consensus is associated with conservative worldviews, resulting in political polarization. This study considers three hypotheses regarding U.S. polarization over climate change that have emerged from social psychology research and applies them to science education by showing how these hypotheses could relate to adolescents' science learning. We then test each hypothesis within an experimental educational intervention designed to study the influence of worldview, mechanistic knowledge, and quantitative reasoning on students' written arguments about climate change. We used mixed methods to analyze the results of this individually randomized trial with clustering involving 357 participants in grades 9–11 from 5 U.S. sites. Findings show that: (a) exposure to mechanistic knowledge about climate change increased odds of receptivity toward climate change; (b) increasingly conservative worldviews were associated with decreased odds of receptivity; (c) worldview and quantitative reasoning interacted, resulting in an amplified effect of worldview for students with greater quantitative reasoning. Results also suggest that the influence of worldview and mechanistic knowledge on receptivity work independently from one another in our dataset. This study demonstrates the value of teaching mechanistic understandings of climate change, yet also demonstrates the influence of worldview on receptivity to climate change for adolescents, as well as complex interactions between quantitative reasoning (something school science aims to develop) and worldview. It shows that moving the U.S. public toward the scientific consensus is complex and involves confronting ideologically motivated reasoning within science education.
Industry 4.0 in Retrospect and in Context
Authors: Michelsen Karl-Erik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe concept of an industrial revolution is not a simple one and it seems that typically the start and the end of an industrial revolution is assigned only retrospectively. The concept of industry 4.0 and the Fourth Industrial Revolution that it represents are an anomaly in this respect and it seems that Industry 4.0 is a holistic roadmap for the future rather than a backward looking statement about what has taken place. The original German vision that is Industry 4.0 is indeed holistic and encompasses also issues beyond technology, this is an important observation, as there is a certain aura of technological determinism that drives the talk about the future in the industry. This preface goes through the history of industrial revolutions, the background of the concept of Industry 4.0, and finally positions this book.
Gravitational Wilson lines in 3D de Sitter
Authors: Castro Alejandra , Sabella-Garnier Philippe , Zukowski Claire 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We construct local probes in the static patch of Euclidean dS3 gravity. These probes are Wilson line operators, designed by exploiting the Chern-Simons formulation of 3D gravity. Our prescription uses non-unitary representations of so (4) ≃ su (2)L× su(2)R, and we evaluate the Wilson line for states satisfying a singlet condition. We discuss how to reproduce the Green’s functions of massive scalar fields in dS3, the construction of bulk fields, and the quasinormal mode spectrum. We also discuss the interpretation of our construction in Lorentzian signature in the inflationary patch, via SL(2, ℂ) Chern-Simons theory.
Polysialic acid and Siglec-E orchestrate negative feedback regulation of microglia activation
Authors: Thiesler Hauke , Beimdiek Julia , Hildebrandt Herbert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolysialic acid (polySia) emerges as a novel regulator of microglia activity. We recently identified polysialylated proteins in the Golgi compartment of murine microglia that are released in response to inflammatory stimulation. Since exogenously added polySia is able to attenuate the inflammatory response, we proposed that the release of polysialylated proteins constitutes a mechanism for negative feedback regulation of microglia activation. Here, we demonstrate that translocation of polySia from the Golgi to the cell surface can be induced by calcium depletion of the Golgi compartment and that polysialylated proteins are continuously released for at least 24 h after the onset of inflammatory stimulation. The latter was unexpected, because polySia signals detected by immunocytochemistry are rapidly depleted. However, it indicates that the amount of released polySia is much higher than anticipated based on immunostaining. This may be crucial for microglial responses during traumatic brain injury (TBI), as we detected polySia signals in activated microglia around a stab wound in the adult mouse brain. In BV2 microglia, the putative polySia receptor Siglec-E is internalized during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation and in response to polySia exposure, indicating interaction. Correspondingly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Siglec-E knockout prevents inhibition of pro inflammatory activation by exogenously added polySia and leads to a strong increase of the LPS response. A comparable increase of LPS-induced activation has been observed in microglia with abolished polySia synthesis. Together, these results indicate that the release of the microglia-intrinsic polySia pool, as implicated in TBI, inhibits the inflammatory response by acting as a trans-activating ligand of Siglec-E.
10-Year Paclitaxel Dose-Related Outcomes of Drug-Eluting Stents Treated Below the Knee in Patients with Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (The PADI Trial)
Authors: Konijn Louise C. D. , Wakkie Thijs , Spreen Marlon I. , de Jong Pim A. , van Dijk Lukas C. , Wever Jan J. , Veger Hugo T. C. , Statius van Eps Randolph G. , Mali Willem P. Th. M. , van Overhagen Hendrik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Recently, two meta-analyses concluded that there appears to be an increased risk of long-term mortality of paclitaxel-coated balloons and stents in the superficial femoral and popliteal artery, and paclitaxel-coated balloons below the knee. In this post hoc study of the PADI Trial, we investigated the long-term safety of first-generation paclitaxel-coated drug-eluting stents (DES) below the knee and the dose–mortality relationships of paclitaxel in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLI).

Materials and Methods
The PADI Trial compared paclitaxel-coated DES with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with bail-out bare-metal stents (PTA ± BMS) in patients with CLI treated below the knee. Follow-up was extended to 10 years after the first inclusion, and survival analyses were performed. In addition, dose-related mortality and dose per patient weight-related mortality relations were examined.

Results
A total of 140 limbs in 137 patients were included in the PADI Trial. Ten years after the first inclusion, 109/137 (79.6%) patients had died. There was no significant difference between mortality in the DES group compared with the PTA ± BMS group (Log-rank p value = 0.12). No specific dose-related mortality (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.00, p = 0.99) or dose per weight mortality (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.93–1.18, p = 0.46) relationships were identified in the Cox-proportional Hazard models or by Kaplan–Meier survival analyses.

Conclusions
There is a poor 10-year survival in both paclitaxel-coated DES and PTA ± BMS in patients with CLI treated below the knee. No dose-related adverse effects of paclitaxel-coated DES were observed in our study of patients with CLI treated below the knee.

Level of Evidence
The PADI Trial: level 1, randomized clinical trial
Forensic age estimation in living adolescents with CT imaging of the clavicula—impact of low-dose scanning on readers’ confidence
Authors: Gassenmaier Sebastian , Schaefer Juergen F. , Nikolaou Konstantin , Esser Michael , Tsiflikas Ilias 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the clavicula displays the reference standard for forensic bone age diagnostics in adolescents and young adults. Consequently, highest efforts on radiation reduction are warranted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of low-dose (LD) CT imaging of the clavicula for age estimation in living adolescents.

Methods
A total of 207 non-contrast chest CT of 144 patients born between 1988 and 2012, performed in 2018 due to various clinical indications, were included in this retrospective study. The mean patient age was 16.9 ± 6.6 years. Patients were divided into a LD (n = 146) and standard-dose (SD; n = 61) group. Image quality, confidence levels, and ossification stages (using the 5-stage classification including the subgroups 2a–3c) were assessed by two radiologists independently. Radiation dose was determined via dosimetry software.

Results
Dose simulation with z-axis reduction to depict the clavicula only resulted in a median exposure of 0.1 mSv (IQR: 0.0) in LD compared with 0.9 mSv (IQR: 0.6) in SD (p < 0.001). The median image quality was rated by both readers significantly worse in LD compared with SD on a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4 with a median of 3 (IQR: 1) versus 4 (IQR: 0; p < 0.001 for both readers). There was an almost perfect agreement for the ossification stages between both readers with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.83 (p < 0.001). Median confidence levels of both readers were not significantly different between LD and SD in the decisive subgroups 2a–3c.

Conclusions
Low-dose CT imaging of the clavicula for age estimation in living adolescents is possible without loss of readers’ confidence.

Key Points
• Radiological bone age diagnostics in young delinquents with unknown exact chronological age is important as the judicial systems differentiate between youths and adults.
• Low-dose computed tomography scanning of the medial clavicular joint for forensic age estimation is feasible in living adolescents without loss of readers’ confidence.
• Sufficient image quality of the medial clavicular joint for forensic bone age diagnostics in living adolescents is achievable using a median dose of 0.1 mSv.