bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing malaria fever test positivity among paediatric admissions to Tororo district hospital, Uganda 2012–2019
Authors: Mpimbaza Arthur , Sserwanga Asadu , Rutazaana Damian , Kapisi James , Walemwa Richard , Suiyanka Laurissa , Kyalo David , Kamya Moses , Opigo Jimmy , Snow Robert W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and indoor residual house-spraying (IRS) for malaria control in endemic countries. However, long-term impact data of vector control interventions is rarely measured empirically.

Methods
Surveillance data was collected from paediatric admissions at Tororo district hospital for the period January 2012 to December 2019, during which LLIN and IRS campaigns were implemented in the district. Malaria test positivity rate (TPR) among febrile admissions aged 1 month to 14 years was aggregated at baseline and three intervention periods (first LLIN campaign; Bendiocarb IRS; and Actellic IRS + second LLIN campaign) and compared using before-and-after analysis. Interrupted time-series analysis (ITSA) was used to determine the effect of IRS (Bendiocarb + Actellic) with the second LLIN campaign on monthly TPR compared to the combined baseline and first LLIN campaign periods controlling for age, rainfall, type of malaria test performed. The mean and median ages were examined between intervention intervals and as trend since January 2012.

Results
Among 28,049 febrile admissions between January 2012 and December 2019, TPR decreased from 60% at baseline (January 2012–October 2013) to 31% during the final period of Actellic IRS and LLIN (June 2016–December 2019). Comparing intervention intervals to the baseline TPR (60.3%), TPR was higher during the first LLIN period (67.3%, difference 7.0%; 95% CI 5.2%, 8.8%, p < 0.001), and lower during the Bendiocarb IRS (43.5%, difference − 16.8%; 95% CI − 18.7%, − 14.9%) and Actellic IRS (31.3%, difference − 29.0%; 95% CI − 30.3%, − 27.6%, p < 0.001) periods. ITSA confirmed a significant decrease in the level and trend of TPR during the IRS (Bendicarb + Actellic) with the second LLIN period compared to the pre-IRS (baseline + first LLIN) period. The age of children with positive test results significantly increased with time from a mean of 24 months at baseline to 39 months during the final IRS and LLIN period.

Conclusion
IRS can have a dramatic impact on hospital paediatric admissions harbouring malaria infection. The sustained expansion of effective vector control leads to an increase in the age of malaria positive febrile paediatric admissions. However, despite large reductions, malaria test-positive admissions continued to be concentrated in children aged under five years. Despite high coverage of IRS and LLIN, these vector control measures failed to interrupt transmission in Tororo district. Using simple, cost-effective hospital surveillance, it is possible to monitor the public health impacts of IRS in combination with LLIN.
Dysregulated PDGFR alpha expression and novel somatic mutations in colorectal cancer: association to RAS wild type status and tumor size
Authors: Ben Jemii Nadia , Tounsi-Kettiti Haifa , Yaiche Hamza , Mezghanni Najla , Jaballah Gabteni Amira , Fehri Emna , Ben Fayala Chayma , Abdelhak Sonia , Boubaker Samir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) has been considered as a relevant factor in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and metastatic dissemination. It was a target of tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors emerged in the therapy of diverse cancers. In colorectal cancer, the commonly used therapy is anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, both RAS mutated and a subgroup of RAS wild type patients resist to such therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate PDGFRα protein expression and mutational status in colorectal adenocarcinoma and their association with clinicopathological features and molecular RAS status to provide useful information for the identification of an effective biomarker that might be implicated in prognosis and treatment prediction.

Methods
Our study enrolled 103 formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) colorectal adenocarcinoma. PDGFRα expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Hotspot exon 18 of PDGFRA was studied by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing and RAS status was determined by real time quantitative PCR. Thirteen normal colon tissues were used as negative controls.

Results
PDGFRα staining was detected in the cytoplasm of all tissues. Low expression was observed in all normal colon mucosa. In adenocarcinoma, 45% (45/100) of cases showed PDGFRα overexpression. This overexpression was significantly associated with mutations in exon 18 (P = 0.024), RAS wild type status (P < 10–3), tumor diameter (P = 0.048), whereas there was no association with tumor side (P = 0.13) and other clinicopathological features.

Conclusion
Overexpression of PDGFRα in adenocarcinoma suggests its potential role in tumor cells growth and invasion. The association between PDGFRα overexpression in both tumor and stromal adenocarcinoma cells with RAS wild type status suggests its potential role in anti-EGFR therapy resistance and the relevance of using it as specific or adjuvant therapeutic target.
Validation of novel patient-centred juvenile idiopathic arthritis-specific patient-reported outcome and experience measures (PROMs/PREMs)
Authors: Lunt Laura E. , Shoop-Worrall Stephanie , Smith Nicola , Cleary Gavin , McDonagh Janet , Smith Andrew D. , Thomson Wendy , McErlane Flora 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Measuring the outcomes that matter to children and young people (CYP) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), is a necessary precursor to patient-centred improvements in quality of clinical care. We present a two-centre validation of novel JIA patient-reported outcome and experience measures (PROM and PREM) developed as part of the CAPTURE-JIA project.

Methods
CYP with JIA were recruited from paediatric rheumatology clinics, completing the CAPTURE-JIA PROM and PREM, CHAQ and CHU 9D. A subset participated in face-to-face interviews and completed the PROM/PREM 1 week later. The OMERACT filter was applied and the three domains of validation assessed. Truth assessments included cognitive interviewing, sensitivity analysis and Spearman’s correlations. Discrimination assessments included specificity and reliability testing. Feasibility was assessed using time to form completion and proportion of missing data.

Results
Eighty-two CYP and their families were recruited; ten cognitive interviews and fifteen PROM/PREM test/retests were conducted. Truth: CYP and parents understood the PROM/PREM and felt important areas were covered. PROM criteria had high sensitivities (> 70%) against similar items on the CHU 9D, with the exception of fatigue (58%). Correlations between similar PROM and CHU 9D criteria were moderate to very strong (coefficients 0.40–0.82.) Discrimination: high specificities (> 70%) on corresponding PROM and CHU 9D domains. Feasibility: median completion times for PROM 60 s (IQR 38–75) and PREM 49 s (IQR 30–60) respectively.

Conclusion
The CAPTURE-JIA PROM and PREM are valid and feasible in UK paediatric rheumatology clinics. Embedding routine collection into clinical care would be a major step towards improving quality of care.
Assessing COVID-19 through the lens of health systems’ preparedness: time for a change
Authors: El Bcheraoui Charbel , Weishaar Heide , Pozo-Martin Francisco , Hanefeld Johanna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe last months have left no-one in doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic is exerting enormous pressure on health systems around the world, bringing to light the sub-optimal resilience of even those classified as high-performing. This makes us re-think the extent to which we are using the appropriate metrics in evaluating health systems which, in the case of this pandemic, might have masked how unprepared some countries were. It also makes us reflect on the strength of our solidarity as a global community, as we observe that global health protection remains, as this pandemic shows, focused on protecting high income countries from public health threats originating in low and middle income countries. To change this course, and in times like this, all nations should come together under one umbrella to respond to the pandemic by sharing intellectual, human, and material resources. In order to work towards stronger and better prepared health systems, improved and resilience-relevant metrics are needed. Further, a new model of development assistance for health, one that is focused on stronger and more resilient health systems, should be the world’s top priority.
Restorative treatment in a case of amelogenesis imperfecta and 9-year follow-up: a case report
Authors: Sabandal Martin M. I. , Dammaschke Till , Schäfer Edgar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary malformation showing various manifestations regarding enamel dysplasia. This case report shows a 9-year follow-up after restorative treatment of a 16-year old female patient affected by a hypoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta. The caries-free, hypersensitive teeth of the patient were restored by direct dentin adhesive composite restorations performed in total etch technique.

Case presentation
After rehabilitation the patient reported a marked improvement of the mastication ability and quality of life especially during food intake. Accumulation of plaque was reduced and the ability to perform adequate oral hygiene was improved. During follow-up of 9 years recurring secondary caries and debonding of fillings were recognized and retreated.

Conclusions
The retrospective assessment exhibits that the performed restorative treatment prolonged the time until further treatment has to be considered, such as prosthetic treatment.
Does subcutaneous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin increase thrombotic events in total hip arthroplasty? A prospective thrombelastography analysis
Authors: Ruan Ru-xin , Bai Chao-wen , Zhang Le , Huang Chao-ran , Pan Sheng , Zhang Xing-chen , Zhu Zheng-ya , Zheng Xin , Guo Kai-jin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Anemia is one of severe complications in the perioperative period of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Erythropoietin (EPO) has been considered to improve patients’ anemia state, but its efficiency and safety remains controversial.

Methods
A total of 152 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty from January 2017 to March 2019 were randomized to 2 groups. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) group was treated with rHu-EPO subcutaneous injection 10000 IU after operation and once daily in the next week, while control group was treated with none extra treatment. Routine hematologic examination and thrombelastography (TEG) performed at different time point respectively. Doppler ultrasound for bilateral lower limbs was performed 1 day before surgery and 7 days after surgery. Auxiliary examination outcomes, blood transfusions outcomes, and postoperative complications were recorded as assessment indicators.

Results
The difference in the relevant indexes of traditional coagulation and TEG values between two groups were not significantly. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of thromboembolism events and other complications between two groups during postoperative period. The amount of intraoperative blood loss was similar between the two groups. However, the postoperative use and dosage of allogeneic blood in the rHu-EPO group were lower than those in the control group. The hemoglobin and hematocrit level in the rHu-EPO group were higher than that in the control group after surgery.

Conclusion
Postoperative subcutaneous injection of rHu-EPO can improve hematological anemia-related parameters, reduce the use and dosage of allogeneic blood transfusions (ABTs), and has no significant influence on the formation of thrombosis and other complications in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty in short term.
Professionals’ perspectives on factors within primary mental health services that can affect pathways to involuntary psychiatric admissions
Authors: Wormdahl Irene , Husum Tonje Lossius , Rugkåsa Jorun , Rise Marit B. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Reducing involuntary psychiatric admissions has been
on the international human rights and health policy agenda for years. Despite
the last decades’ shift towards more services for adults with severe mental
illness being provided in the community, most research on how to reduce involuntary
admissions has been conducted at secondary health care level. Research from the primary health care level is largely lacking. The
aim of this study was to explore mental health professionals’ experiences with
factors within primary mental health services that might increase the risk of involuntary
psychiatric admissions of adults, and their views on how such admissions might
be avoided.

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews with thirty-two
mental health professionals from five Norwegian municipalities. Data were analysed
according to the Systematic Text Condensation method.

Results
Within primary mental health care professionals experienced that a number of factors could increase the risk of involuntary psychiatric admissions. Insufficient time and flexibility in long-term follow-up, limited resources, none or arbitrary use of crisis plans, lack of tailored housing, few employment opportunities, little diversity in activities offered, limited opportunities for voluntary admissions, inadequate collaboration between services and lack of competence were some of the factors mentioned to increase the risk of involuntary psychiatric admissions. Several suggestions on how involuntary psychiatric admissions might be avoided were put forward.

Conclusions
Mental health professionals within primary mental
health care experienced that their services might play an active part in
preventing the use of involuntary psychiatric admissions, suggesting potential
to facilitate a reduction by intervening at this service level. Health
authorities’ incentives to reduce involuntary psychiatric admissions should to
a greater extent incorporate the primary health care level. Further research is
needed on effective interventions and comprehensive models adapted for this
care level.
A pitfall for machine learning methods aiming to predict across cell types
Authors: Schreiber Jacob , Singh Ritambhara , Bilmes Jeffrey , Noble William Stafford 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMachine learning models that predict genomic activity are most useful when they make accurate predictions across cell types. Here, we show that when the training and test sets contain the same genomic loci, the resulting model may falsely appear to perform well by effectively memorizing the average activity associated with each locus across the training cell types. We demonstrate this phenomenon in the context of predicting gene expression and chromatin domain boundaries, and we suggest methods to diagnose and avoid the pitfall. We anticipate that, as more data becomes available, future projects will increasingly risk suffering from this issue.
Effects of tibial and parasacral nerve electrostimulation techniques on women with poststroke overactive bladder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Candido Thais Alves , Ribeiro Bruna Miranda , de Araújo Cristiane Rodrigues Cardoso , Pinto Rogério de Melo Costa , Resende Ana Paula Magalhães , Pereira-Baldon Vanessa Santos 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Neurogenic bladder (NB) can affect people after stroke episodes. NB features changes in the normal voiding pattern at the bladder filling and emptying phases. Overactive NB is characterized by urgency symptoms, with or without urinary incontinence, caused by NB. This disorder affects many domains of life (physical, social, psychological, domestic, sexual) that limit personal autonomy and degrade the quality of life. Among the several treatments available, the conservative physical therapy intervention through tibial nerve electrostimulation (TNES) and parasacral electrostimulation (PSES) can help improve patient conditions with a smaller number of collateral effects than those of interventions based on medication. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of TNES and PSES techniques in women with overactive NB after stroke episodes to assess the impact of urinary incontinence in these women, on their number of incontinence episodes, daytime and nocturnal urinary frequency, and quality of life.

Methods
This is a prospective clinical study to compare two randomized groups based on parallel and blind conditions. Forty-four women who have had a stroke episode at least 30 days before the trial and who have developed overactive NB will be recruited for the trial. All patients will be subjected to initial evaluation and randomly divided into two groups, TNES and PSES. Subsequently, the two groups will be subjected to a 12-session intervention protocol, twice a week. A new evaluation will be performed after the intervention.

Discussion
The results of this study will contribute to the physiotherapeutic treatment of women with NB after a stroke episode since such results will add information about the benefits of this treatment, urinary control, and the improvements in the quality of life of these women.

Trial registration
Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (REBEC) RBR-2bn2z4. Registered on December 11, 2018
Developing and testing the effectiveness of a novel online integrated treatment for problem gambling and tobacco smoking: a protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bilevicius Elena , Single Alanna , Baumgartner Chris , Bui Van , Kempe Tyler , Schaub Michael P. , Stewart Sherry H. , MacKillop James , Hodgins David C. , Wardell Jeffrey D. , O’Connor Roisin , Read Jennifer , Hadjistavropoulos Heather , Sundstrom Christopher , Keough Matthew T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Gambling and tobacco smoking are highly comorbid among North American adults. However, there is a paucity of treatment options that are integrated (i.e. targeting both gambling and tobacco smoking simultaneously), accessible, and evidence based.

Methods
The aim of this two-arm open-label randomized controlled trial is to examine the effectiveness of an online, self-guided integrated treatment for problem gambling and tobacco smoking. A target sample of 214 participants will be recruited and be randomized into either an 8-week integrated or gambling only control condition. Both conditions will consist of seven online modules following cognitive behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing principles. Our three primary outcomes are (1) the number of days gambled, (2) money spent on gambling activities, and (3) time spent in gambling activities. Secondary outcomes include gambling disorder symptoms, cigarette use, and nicotine dependence symptoms. Assessments will be completed at baseline, at completion (i.e. 8 weeks from baseline), and at follow-up (i.e. 24 weeks from baseline). Generalized linear mixed modelling will be used to evaluate our primary and secondary outcomes. We expect that participants receiving online integrated treatment will show larger reductions in gambling relative to those receiving a control gambling only intervention. We further hypothesize that reductions in smoking will mediate these group differences.

Discussion
The rates of problem gambling and tobacco smoking are high in North America; yet, the treatment options for both are limited, with no integrated treatments available. If supported, our pilot study will be a cost-effective and accessible way to improve treatments for co-occurring problem gambling and tobacco use.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03614884. Registered on August 3, 2019
An improved method for in vitro feeding of adult female Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite) using Baudruche membrane (goldbeater’s skin)
Authors: Nunn Francesca , Baganz Jessica , Bartley Kathryn , Hall Sarah , Burgess Stewart , Nisbet Alasdair J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Dermanyssus gallinae, or poultry red mite (PRM), is an important ectoparasite in laying hen, having a significant effect on animal welfare and potentially causing economic loss. Testing novel control compounds typically involves in vitro methodologies before in vivo assessments. Historically, in vitro methods have involved PRM feeding on hen blood through a membrane. The use of hen blood requires multiple procedures (bleeds) to provide sufficient material, and the use of a larger species (e.g. goose) could serve as a refinement in the use of animals in research.

Methods
The in vitro feeding device used was that which currently employs a Parafilm™ M membrane (Bartley et al.: Int J Parasitol. 45:819–830, 2015). Adult female PMR were used to investigate any differences in mite feeding, egg laying and mortality when fed goose or hen blood. Effects on these parameters when PRM were fed through either the Parafilm™ M membrane or the Baudruche membrane alone or through a combination of the membrane with an overlaid polyester mesh were tested using goose blood.

Results
Poultry red mites fed equally well on goose or hen blood through the Parafilm™ M membrane, and there were no significant differences in mortality of PRM fed with either blood type. A significant increase (t test: t = 3.467, df = 4, P = 0.03) in the number of eggs laid per fed mite was observed when goose blood was used. A 70% increase in PRM feeding was observed when the mites were fed on goose blood through a Baudruche membrane compared to when they were fed goose blood through the Parafilm™ M membrane. The addition of an overlaid polyester mesh did not improve feeding rates. A significant increase (analysis of variance: F(3, 20) = 3.193, P = 0.04) in PRM egg laying was observed in mites fed on goose blood through the Baudruche membrane compared to those fed goose blood through the Parafilm™ M membrane. A mean of 1.22 (standard error of the mean ± 0.04) eggs per fed mite was obtained using the Baudruche feeding device compared to only 0.87 (SEM ± 0.3) eggs per fed mite using the Parafilm™ M device when neither was combined with a polyester mesh overlay.

Conclusion
The in vitro feeding of adult female PRM can be readily facilitated through the use of goose blood in feeding devices with the Baudruche membrane.

Graphical Abstract
Antibiotic resistance assessment of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Tehran hospitals due to the presence of efflux pumps encoding genes (adeA and adeS genes) by molecular method
Authors: Basatian-Tashkan Batool , Niakan Mohammad , Khaledi Mansoor , Afkhami Hamed , Sameni Fatemeh , Bakhti Shahriar , Mirnejad Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveAcinetobacter baumannii(A. baumannii) has caused many problems in nosocomial infections. Efflux pumps are considered as one of the most important mechanisms of resistance in this bacterium and have the ability to excrete toxic substances such as antibiotics out of the cell.ResultsIn this study, 60 isolates ofA. baumanniiwere collected from patients in several hospitals in Tehran, Iran. After diagnosis using standard biochemical methods, the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. The adeA and adeS genes were identified by PCR method. The highest resistance to Piperacillin and the lowest resistance to Gentamicin were observed (100% compared to 48.4%). 6.6% of the isolates had only adeA gene and adeS gene was observed in 8.4% of isolates and both genes were detected in 73.4% of the samples. Despite the high resistance of tA. baumanniio antibiotics and due to the high frequency of genes of adeA and adeS efflux pumps inA. baumanniiisolates, it can be concluded that these efflux pumps may play an important role in resistance of this bacterium. By determining the pattern of antibiotic the resistance before treatment, the resistance of this pathogen can be prevented in societies.