bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legume consumption and risk of hypertension in a prospective cohort of Chinese men and women
Authors: Guo Fang , Zhang Qiang , Yin Yue , Liu Yan , Jiang Hong , Yan Ni , Lin Jing , Liu Xiao-hong , Ma Le 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrior data on long-term association between legume consumption and hypertension risk are sparse. We aimed to evaluate whether total legume and subtype intakes prospectively associate with hypertension incidence among 8758 participants (≥30 years) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2004–2011. Diet was assessed by interviews combining 3-d 24-h food recalls and household food inventory weighing at each survey round. Incident hypertension was identified by self-reports or blood pressure measurements. We applied multivariable Cox regressions to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with corresponding 95 % CI for hypertension across increasing categories of cumulatively averaged legume intakes. For 35 990 person-years (median 6·0 years apiece), we documented 944 hypertension cases. After covariate adjustment, higher total legume intakes were significantly associated with lower hypertension risks, with HR comparing extreme categories being 0·56 (95 % CI 0·43, 0·71;Ptrend< 0·001). Then we found that intakes of dried legumes (HR 0·53 (95 % CI 0·43, 0·65);Ptrend< 0·001) and fresh legumes (HR 0·67 (95 % CI 0·55, 0·81);Ptrend< 0·001) were both related to decreased hypertension hazards. However, further dried legume classification revealed that negative association with hypertension substantially held for soyabean (HR 0·51 (95 % CI 0·41, 0·62);Ptrend< 0·001) but not non-soyabean intakes. In stratified analyses, the association of interest remained similar within strata by sex, BMI, physical activity, smoking and drinking status; rather, significant heterogeneity showed across age strata (Pinteraction= 0·02). Total legume consumption among the over-65s was related to a more markedly reduced hypertension risk (HR 0·47 (95 % CI 0·30, 0·73);Ptrend< 0·001). Our findings suggest an inverse association of all kinds of legume (except non-soyabean) intakes with hypertension risks.
Provisional checklist of terrestrial heterotrophic protists from Antarctica
Authors: Thompson Andrew R. , Powell Gareth S. , Adams Byron J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeterotrophic soil protists encompass lineages that are both evolutionarily ancient and highly diverse, providing an untapped wealth of scientific insight. Yet the diversity of free-living heterotrophic terrestrial protists is still largely unknown. To contribute to our understanding of this diversity, we present a checklist of heterotrophic protists currently reported from terrestrial Antarctica, for which no comprehensive evaluation currently exists. As a polar continent, Antarctica is especially susceptible to rising temperatures caused by anthropogenic climate change. Establishing a baseline for future conservation efforts of Antarctic protists is therefore important. We performed a literature search and found 236 taxa identified to species and an additional 303 taxa identified to higher taxonomic levels in 54 studies spanning over 100 years of research. Isolated by distance, climate and the circumpolar vortex, Antarctica is the most extreme continent on Earth: it is not unreasonable to think that it may host physiologically and evolutionarily unique species of protists, yet currently most species discovered in Antarctica are considered cosmopolitan. Additional sampling of the more extreme intra-continental zones will probably result in the discovery of more novel and unique taxa.
Introduction: special issue on the economics of climate change and sustainability (Part A)
Authors: Agliardi Elettra , Casari Marco , Xepapadeas Anastasios 
Published: November 2019

AbstractClimate change is one of the most significant and complex challenges facing the world's economies. The necessity to enlarge the knowledge base regarding climate change and its impacts and to design efficient policies is widely accepted by the scientific community, the decision makers and the general public. This special issue, which will be published in two parts in the current and subsequent issue of Environment and Development Economics, is a selection of papers related to the topic of the international workshop on ‘The Economics of Climate Change and Sustainability’ organized by the Economics Department of the University of Bologna in April 2018. The papers in this special issue cover a wide range of climate-change-related topics, which include endogenous growth and overlapping generation models; climate-related financing and green bonds; demographics; location decisions; technology diffusion; quantitative relationships and experimental approaches. We hope that this special issue will provide some new insights into the economics of climate change and help to identify new directions for future research.
Short-term nutrition and growth indicators in 6-month- to 6-year-old children are improved following implementation of a multidisciplinary community-based programme in a chronic conflict setting
Authors: Simonyan Hambardzum , Sargsyan Aelita , Balalian Arin A , Davtyan Karapet , Gupte Himanshu A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:We investigated short- and long-term indicators of malnutrition and diet before and after the community-based ‘Breaking the Cycle of Poverty’ multidisciplinary intervention.Design:A historically and geographically controlled study using data collected in 2013 and 2016. We compared the prevalence of short-term indicators (anaemia, breast-feeding duration and minimum dietary diversity) and long-term indicators (stunting and wasting) in exposed communities at two time points. We then compared these factors in geographic areas exposed or not exposed to intervention. We conducted logistic regression analyses on the 2016 sample to measure associations between living in intervention communities and child growth indicators.Setting:Berd region, a chronic conflict zone near the north-eastern border of Armenia and Azerbaijan.Participants:Children aged 6 months to 6 years.Results:Analyses included data from 2013 comprising 382 children, and data from 2016 comprising 348 children living in communities where the programme was implemented, and 635 children from unexposed communities. Anaemia prevalence in exposed communities was significantly lower in 2016 v. 2013 (10·9 v. 19·1 %, P < 0·01). Minimum dietary diversity (79·0 v. 68·1 %, P < 0·001) and breast-feeding duration (13·0 v. 11·5 months, P < 0·002) were significantly improved in exposed communities. Prevalences of stunting (11·5 v. 10·2 %, P = 0·57) and wasting (4·8 v. 2·0 %, P = 0·07) were not significantly different. Odds of anaemia were significantly lower (OR = 0·24, 95 % CI 0·16, 0·36) in intervention communities.Conclusions:Exposure to a community-based multidisciplinary intervention reduced the rate of anaemia and improved dietary indicators.
Epidemiology of suicide: recent developments
Authors: Baldessarini Ross J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSuicide and suicide attempts have become more prevalent in recent years, with notable increases in the US in all age groups and geographic locations. Risk of suicide is particularly high among patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder or severe depression, especially when associated with mixed features or agitation, or with co-occurring substance abuse. Factors contributing to such risk include relative social and geographic isolation and low access to sources of support or clinical care. In addition, unemployment, poverty, demoralisation and opioid abuse have been identified as important risk factors. Notably, overall longevity rates in the US, though rising for many decades, have recently been declining, in part owing to suicide and substance overdoses. A particular circumstance associated with strikingly high rates of suicides and attempts is the days and weeks following discharge from psychiatric hospitalisation. Although the incidence of such events is low, there is a need for more secure aftercare planning and implementation. Research on therapeutics aimed at reducing suicidal risk and all-cause mortality among psychiatric patients remains severely under-developed.
Saturn's Open‐Closed Field Line Boundary: A Cassini Electron Survey at Saturn's Magnetosphere
Authors: Jasinski Jamie M. , Arridge Christopher S. , Bader Alexander , Smith Andrew W. , Felici Marianna , Kinrade Joe , Coates Andrew J. , Jones Geraint H. , Nordheim Tom A. , Gilbert Lin , Azari Abigail R. , Badman Sarah V. , Provan Gabrielle , Sergis Nick , Murphy Neil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigate the average configuration and structure of Saturn's magnetosphere in the nightside equatorial and high‐latitude regions. Electron data from the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer's Electron Spectrometer (CAPS‐ELS) is processed to produce a signal‐to‐noise ratio for the entire CAPS‐ELS time of operation at Saturn's magnetosphere. We investigate where the signal‐to‐noise ratio falls below 1 to identify regions in the magnetosphere where there is a significant depletion in the electron content. In the nightside equatorial region, we use this to find that the most planetward reconnection x‐line location is at 20–25 RS downtail from the planet in the midnight to dawn sector. We also find an equatorial dawn‐dusk asymmetry at a radial distance of >20 RS, which may indicate the presence of plasma‐depleted flux tubes returning to the dayside after reconnection in the tail. Furthermore, we find that the high‐latitude magnetosphere is predominantly in a state of constant plasma depletion and located on open field lines. We map the region of high‐latitude magnetosphere that is depleted of electrons to the polar cap to estimate the size and open flux content within the polar caps. The mean open flux content for the northern and southern polar caps are found to be 25 ± 5 and 32 ± 5 GWb, respectively. The average location of the open‐closed field boundary is found at invariant colatitudes of 12.7 ± 0.6° and 14.5 ± 0.6°. The northern boundary is modulated by planetary period oscillations more than the southern boundary.
Low‐Resource Technique for Measurement of H+ and O+ in the Terrestrial Magnetosphere
Authors: Fernandes P. A. , Funsten H. O. , Dors E. E. , Harper R. W. , Larsen B. A. , MacDonald E. A. , Reisenfeld D. B. , Skoug R. M. , Steinberg J. T. , Thomsen M. F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMeasurement of O+ in the Earth's magnetosphere is important for monitoring and understanding the initiation and evolution of geomagnetic activity. During active times, O+ can be the most abundant ion in the magnetosphere. Furthermore, because O+ and H+ damage exposed spacecraft materials through different processes, measurement and prediction of O+ and H+ fluxes is critical for understanding cumulative damage effects to these materials resulting from the ambient plasma environment of a spacecraft. We describe a simple technique for quantitative, in situ measurement of O+ and H+ fluxes using ultrathin foils. This technique is a low‐resource addition to a standard electrostatic energy‐per‐charge analyzer followed by an array of detectors. H+ and O+ abundances up to a few tens of keV can be determined by comparison of counts in detectors having no ultrathin foil at the detector aperture, in which both H+ and O+ are detected, and adjacent detectors having a foil over the aperture of the appropriate thickness to stop the transmission of O+ but through which H+ can transit. We describe three techniques for implementing this method enabling differentiation of O+ and H+ in an instrument package significantly simpler than traditional mass spectrometers.
High‐Speed Video Observation of a Dart Leader Producing X‐rays
Authors: Saba M. M. F. , Ferro M. A. S. , Cuadros E. T. , Custódio D. M. , Nag A. , Schumann C. , Cooray V. , Paiva A. R. , Lauria P. B. , Medeiros D. S. F. , Hettiarachchi P. , Rassoul H. K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis work presents the first simultaneous X‐ray measurement and high‐speed video observation of the propagation of a lightning leader producing X‐rays. As a result, the three‐dimensional leader distance from the X‐ray measurement and, for the first time, the conditions of the preexisting channel during the leader propagation were observed. Although four leaders in this seven‐stroke flash followed the same path to ground, X‐rays were only observed during the leader before the return stroke with the highest peak current. The fact that the other three leaders following the same path to ground did not produce detectable X‐rays confirms the hypothesis that leader line charge density is an important factor that determines X‐ray production. The fact that X‐rays was recorded only when the leader tip was at a certain portion of the lightning channel confirms that the orientation of the leader plays an important role in the detection of X‐rays.
Open Apatite Sr Isotopic System in Low‐Temperature Hydrous Regimes
Authors: Cao Mingjian , Evans Noreen J. , Qin Kezhang , Danišík Martin , Li Guangming , McInnes Brent I. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSingle crystal in situ Sr and Nd isotopic analysis of apatite permits more accurate interrogation of a variety of geoscience questions, including provenance, petrogenesis, and ore system evolution. However, the degree to which the apatite Sr and Nd isotopic systems remain closed under extended low‐temperature hydrous conditions is not well constrained. Granitoids at the Baogutu deposit in NW China contain veins of low‐temperature H2O‐rich epistilbite and thus provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate isotopic system integrity under low‐temperature hydrous conditions. Apatite from the Late Carboniferous diorite and granodiorite porphyry show variable (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7042 to 0.7062) but restricted εNd(t) values (+7.0±0.4 and +6.5±0.4, 1σ). The apatite Sr isotope signatures are transitional between whole rock (0.7035) and vein epistilbite (~0.7062), indicating apparent incorporation of radiogenic Sr from the epistilbite‐related hydrothermal fluid into the igneous apatite, whereas εNd values closely match those of the whole rock (+6.9±0.2 and +6.5±0.2, 1σ) and epistilbite (+6.2±0.2, 1σ). Obvious metasomatic textures of apatite were revealed by cathodoluminescence images. The 260 to 300°C formation temperatures for earlier quartz‐sulfide veins and chlorite alteration and homogenization temperature (~190°C) of fluid inclusions in epistilbite‐calcite vein calcite constrain the temperature of the later epistilbite‐related hydrothermal fluid to 190 to 260°C. These results indicate that Sr and likely Nd isotopes in apatite are mobile under low‐temperature (<300°C) hydrous conditions and implies that Rb‐Sr signatures in apatite from hydrothermally altered rocks reveal the presence and characteristics of modifying fluids.
Long‐Term Stability of Tilt‐Controlled gPhoneX Gravimeters
Authors: Fores Benjamin , Klein Gilbert , Le Moigne Nicolas , Francis Olivier 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpring relative gravimeters are considered too unstable to provide useful information on long‐term gravity variations. In this paper, we prove that the new generation of spring gravimeter gPhoneX can reach long‐term stability at the μGal level (10 nm s−2) when the verticality of the gravimeter is maintained, if the instrumental drift can be correctly estimated. We conducted two comparisons with different gPhoneXs in different observatories and environmental conditions. In the “Walferdange Underground Laboratory for Geodynamics” in Luxembourg, we compared time series from the gPhoneX (with and without tilt control), with data from a superconducting gravimeter. We found an agreement at the μGal level when the tilt control is switched on. We validated this result by repeating the experiment at the “Geodesy in Karstic Environment” observatory in the south of France. The fit between the superconducting gravimeter and the gPhoneX hourly values gives similar results at all frequencies over 276 days of measurements. The linear correlation coefficient between the gPhoneX and superconducting gravimeter reaches 0.99, with a misfit of 6.0 nm s−2. We demonstrated that tilt‐controlled gPhoneXs are suitable for long‐term gravity monitoring.
Enhanced Snow Absorption and Albedo Reduction by Dust‐Snow Internal Mixing: Modeling and Parameterization
Authors: He Cenlin , Liou Kuo‐Nan , Takano Yoshi , Chen Fei , Barlage Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe extend a stochastic aerosol‐snow albedo model to explicitly simulate dust internally/externally mixed with snow grains of different shapes and for the first time quantify the combined effects of dust‐snow internal mixing and snow nonsphericity on snow optical properties and albedo. Dust‐snow internal/external mixing significantly enhances snow single‐scattering coalbedo and absorption at wavelengths of <1.0 μm, with stronger enhancements for internal mixing (relative to external mixing) and higher dust concentrations but very weak dependence on snow size and shape variabilities. Compared with pure snow, dust‐snow internal mixing reduces snow albedo substantially at wavelengths of <1.0 μm, with stronger reductions for higher dust concentrations, larger snow sizes, and spherical (relative to nonspherical) snow shapes. Compared to internal mixing, dust‐snow external mixing generally shows similar spectral patterns of albedo reductions and effects of snow size and shape. However, relative to external mixing, dust‐snow internal mixing enhances the magnitude of albedo reductions by 10%–30% (10%–230%) at the visible (near‐infrared) band. This relative enhancement is stronger as snow grains become larger or nonspherical, with comparable influences from snow size and shape. Moreover, for dust‐snow external and internal mixing, nonspherical snow grains have up to ~45% weaker albedo reductions than spherical grains, depending on snow size, dust concentration, and wavelength. The interactive effect of dust‐snow mixing state and snow shape highlights the importance of accounting for these two factors concurrently in snow modeling. For application to land/climate models, we develop parameterizations for dust effects on snow optical properties and albedo with high accuracy.
Response of Convective Boundary Layer and Shallow Cumulus to Soil Moisture Heterogeneity: A Large‐Eddy Simulation Study
Authors: Han Cunbo , Brdar Slavko , Kollet Stefan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, the impact of varying soil moisture heterogeneity (spatial variance and structure) on the development of the convective boundary layer and shallow cumulus clouds was investigated. Applying soil moisture heterogeneity generated via spatially correlated Gaussian random fields based on a power law model and idealized atmospheric vertical profiles as initial conditions, three sets of large‐eddy simulations provide insight in the influence of soil moisture heterogeneity on the ensuing growth of the convective boundary layer and development of shallow cumulus clouds. A sensitivity on the strong, weak, and unstructured soil moisture heterogeneity is investigated. The simulation results show that domain‐averaged land surface sensible heat and latent heat flux change strongly with changing soil moisture variance because of the interactions between surface heterogeneity and induced circulations, while domain means of soil moisture are identical. Vertical profiles of boundary layer characteristics are strongly influenced by the surface energy partitioning and induced circulations, especially the profiles of liquid water and liquid water flux. The amount of liquid water and liquid water flux increases with increasing structure. In addition, the liquid water path is higher in case of strongly‐structured heterogeneity because more available energy is partitioned into latent heat and more intensive updrafts exist. Interestingly, the increase of liquid water path with increasing soil moisture variance only occurs in the strongly structured cases, which suggests that soil moisture variance and structure work conjunctively in the surface energy partitioning and the cloud formation.
Ruxolitinib in refractory acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease: a multicenter survey study
Authors:   On behalf of the Grupo Español de Trasplante Hematopoyético (GETH), Escamilla Gómez Virginia , García-Gutiérrez Valentín , López Corral Lucía , García Cadenas Irene , Pérez Martínez Ariadna , Márquez Malaver Francisco J. , Caballero-Velázquez Teresa , González Sierra Pedro A. , Viguria Alegría María C. , Parra Salinas Ingrid M. , Calderón Cabrera Cristina , González Vicent Marta , Rodríguez Torres Nancy , Parody Porras Rocío , Ferra Coll Christelle , Orti Guillermo , Valcárcel Ferreiras David , De la Cámara LLanzá Rafael , Molés Paula , Velázquez-Kennedy Kyra , João Mende María , Caballero Barrigón Dolores , Pérez Estefanía , Martino Bofarull Rodrigo , Saavedra Gerosa Silvanna , Sierra Jorge , Poch Marc , Zudaire Ripa María T. , Díaz Pérez Miguel A. , Molina Angulo Blanca , Sánchez Ortega Isabel , Sanz Caballer Jaime , Montoro Gómez Juan , Espigado Tocino Ildefonso , Pérez-Simón José A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. First-line treatment is based on the use of high doses of corticosteroids. Unfortunately, second-line treatment for both acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, remains a challenge. Ruxolitinib has been shown as an effective and safe treatment option for these patients. Seventy-nine patients received ruxolitinib and were evaluated in this retrospective and multicenter study. Twenty-three patients received ruxolitinib for refractory acute graft-versus-host disease after a median of 3 (range 1–5) previous lines of therapy. Overall response rate was 69.5% (16/23) which was obtained after a median of 2 weeks of treatment, and 21.7% (5/23) reached complete remission. Fifty-six patients were evaluated for refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease. The median number of previous lines of therapy was 3 (range 1–10). Overall response rate was 57.1% (32/56) with 3.5% (2/56) obtaining complete remission after a median of 4 weeks. Tapering of corticosteroids was possible in both acute (17/23, 73%) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (32/56, 57.1%) groups. Overall survival was 47% (CI: 23–67%) at 6 months for patients with aGVHD (62 vs 28% in responders vs non-responders) and 81% (CI: 63–89%) at 1 year for patients with cGVHD (83 vs 76% in responders vs non-responders). Ruxolitinib in the real life setting is an effective and safe treatment option for GVHD, with an ORR of 69.5% and 57.1% for refractory acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, respectively, in heavily pretreated patients.