bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Go Local: Innovating Local Health Departments' Engagement on Alzheimer’s
Authors: Shean John , French Molly 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aging Baby Boom generation is a major force behind projected increases in the prevalence of Alzheimer’s, which is expected to grow from 5.8 million (2020) to 13.8 million (2050). Local health departments play a major role connecting people living with dementia (and their caregivers) to services, supports, and education, and to ensure safe, accessible environments where they can flourish. From September 2019-July 2020, two local health departments (from San Diego County and the City of Boston) participated in a yearlong collaborative pilot project with the Alzheimer’s Association to advance cognitive health, dementia, and caregiving issues in their local jurisdictions. The National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) provided expert guidance and input throughout the collaboration. As part of the project, the local health departments: scanned their current work on healthy aging, identified existing data sources, and examined how existing healthy equity initiatives can apply to cognitive health, dementia, and caregiving issues. Action plans were developed, with a focus on policy mechanisms to initiate and sustain these projects and workforce development initiatives. Plans corresponded to actions of the Healthy Brain Initiative Road Map, helping elevate recommendations to change systems, policies, and environments. In fall 2020, LHDs will be able to use best practices, case studies, and tools developed from San Diego’s and Boston’s pilots to address Alzheimer’s as a chronic condition. The tools will help them engage health officials, develop action plans, and train the public health
Becoming More Open: Increasing Rigor and Reproducibility of Gerontological Science
Authors: Taylor Brad , Lee Lewina , Isaacowitz Derek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
“Open science” refers to a collection of practices with the broad goal of increasing the transparency and reproducibility of scholarly research. The purpose of this symposium is to illustrate the application of open science practices to gerontological research and address barriers to adopting such practices. Drawing from his experiences in leading a research network that conducts integrative analysis of longitudinal aging studies (IALSA), Hofer will describe challenges posed by multiple sources of heterogeneity in conducting coordinated analyses, and ways of handling these challenges to maximize reproducibility. Next, Mroczek will illustrate these issues by providing two examples of coordinated analyses. This talk will highlight design features that promote openness and transparency in conducting research on longitudinal data. Third, Lodi-Smith will provide practical guidance and examples on preregistering complex projects, strategies for transparently reporting deviations from preregistrations, considerations in sharing sensitive data, and tips on transparent documentation of analysis code. She will also emphasize the pedagogical value of preregistration. Finally, Seaman will describe ongoing efforts to establish open science practices as the default in her laboratory, with the goal of providing a model for both junior and more established researchers wanting to build transparency into their research practices. Discussant Isaacowitz, editor for the Journal of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences, will evaluate the presentations from the lens of how journals can encourage more transparent and replicable scientific practices.
Benevolent Ageism’s Relationship to Self-Compassion and Meta-Memory in Older Adults
Authors: Sublett Jennifer , Bisconti Toni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Benevolence directed towards older adults can cross the line between respect and overaccommodation that undermines their physical and cognitive capabilities (Mehrotra & Wagner, 2009); however, little research has examined the subtleties of the influence of benevolent ageism on older adults’ ratings of their own functioning. Because stereotypes about older adults include the decline of mental abilities, this study examined whether their (N= 155) experiences with benevolent ageism, or overaccommodative offers of assistance and protection, influenced their own appraisals of memory abilities through their feelings of self-compassion. Older adults with fewer benevolent ageist experiences had higher rates of self-compassion, which in turn translated into better evaluations of their memory abilities. Future research should consider the potential pernicious influences that benevolent ageism has on older adults’ self-evaluations and performance, consider self-compassion as a buffer in these relationships, and test whether these relationships have downstream consequences on well-being outcomes.
Communication and Language: Why Age Matters
Authors: Chasteen Alison , Tagliamonte Sali 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In line with this year’s 75th anniversary theme, we will show why aging matters for communication and language. Specifically, in this symposium we will show how aging affects communication and language across a variety of social contexts, social roles, and cognitive abilities. Pabst & Tagliamonte discuss the effects of aging on language use by examining an individual’s daily diary entries over 30 years, including the onset and progression of dementia. Saunders considers language and communication in the context of social interaction among persons with dementia living in a long-term care setting. Savundranayagam et al. test the efficacy of a communication intervention for personal support workers who work with persons with dementia. Chasteen & Tagliamonte consider how ageism is communicated to middle-aged and older adults in everyday life. Taken together, these presentations will provide a multidimensional lens to understanding language and communication in later life.
Racial Differences in Post-Acute Utilization After Hip Fracture in Medicare Beneficiaries With ADRD
Authors: Roy Indrakshi , Karmarkar Amol , Kumar Amit , Warren Meghan , Pohl Patricia , Rivera-Hernandez Maricruz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence of hip fracture in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is 2.7 times higher than it is in those without ADRD. Care complexity, including extensive post-acute rehabilitation, increases substantially in patients with ADRD after hip fracture. However, there are no standardized post-acute care utilization models for patients with ADRD after hip fracture. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on how post-acute utilization varies by race/ethnicity, in this population. OBJECTIVES: To investigate racial differences in post-acute care utilization following hip fracture related hospitalization in patients with ADRD. METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted on 120,179 older adults with ADRD with incident hip fracture, using 100% Medicare data (2016-2017). The primary outcome was post-acute discharge dispositions (skilled nursing facility [SNF], inpatient rehabilitation facility [IRF], and Home Health Care [HHC]) across various racial groups. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between race and post-acute discharge dispositions after accounting for patient-level covariates. RESULTS: Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, minority racial groups have significantly lower odds of being discharged to SNF, IRF, or HHC, as compared to home. Adjusted odds ratio for Hispanics discharged to SNF was 0.28 (CI=0.24-0.31), to IRF was 0.46 (CI=0.39-0.52) and HHC was 0.64 (95% CI =0.54-0.75), as compared to home. CONCLUSION: ADRD patients have higher risk of hip fracture. Findings from this study will provide insight on how to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in post-acute care utilization in vulnerable populations and improve quality of care and health outcomes.
Social Integration and Depression of Older Adults in Rural China: Do Family or Friendship Ties Make a Difference?
Authors: Zhang Dan , Lin Zhiyong , Li Shuzhuo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite increasing acknowledgement that social integration/isolation is an important determinant of health in later life, relevant evidence for older adults in less developed social contexts is still limited. Data derived from 2015 and 2018 waves of a longitudinal study of 976 older adults, aged 60 and older, living in rural areas of Anhui Province, China. We analyzed how the level of social integration/isolation (measured as family and friendship ties) impacted depressive symptoms of older adults. Our results showed that more than half of older adults in our sample were either isolated from family or friends. Further analysis demonstrated that older people who were isolated from friends were more depressed in comparison with those who were closely integrated into friendship ties, while no such association was found in relation to family ties. Assessments of social integration among older adults should account for both family and friendship ties.
Is Loneliness After Widowhood Less Prevalent in Recent Times Than Decades Ago?
Authors: Suanet Bianca , van Tilburg Theo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Due to increased longevity, widowhood occurs much later in life. When comparing over decades, we hypothesize that the increase in loneliness after losing the spouse at an early age is currently higher due to the lack of role models and knowledge of what helps in this situation, and that the recovery of loneliness after widowhood is faster because the widowed get more network attention in that exceptional situation. We analyze data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam on 232 widowers and 468 widows with an average of four observations before and four after widowhood, spread over 21 years. The younger and recent widowed had a greater increase in loneliness, but also better recovery than the older widowed and those widowed years ago. The loneliness of widowed people has decreased regardless of age at the event, indicating the greater potential for bouncing back from this life event in today’s society.
A Longitudinal Reservoir Model of Stress Dissipation and the Influences of Concomitant Perceptions of Control
Authors: Bergeman C S , Joiner Raquael , Nelson Niccole , Deboeck Pascal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To characterize the stress regulation system, we use a reservoir to reflect how much stress an individual “holds” over time. Factors affecting what is contained in a stress reservoir are incoming stress (Input), accumulation/dissipation (Strdiss), and actions taken to discharge stress (e.g., Control). At the within person level, time-varying control predicts better Strdiss (β= -0.03±0.01, p &lt;.001), even when controlling for between person differences (e.g., age, neuroticism) and between and within person impacts of Input. Thus, control reflects an important stress dissipation tool. Further analyses indicated a significant 2-way interaction between time-varying effects of Input and Control (β= 0.14±0.03, p &lt;.0001) and Strdiss and Control (β= 0.60±0.18, p &lt;.001) on self-reported health and a significant 3-way time-varying interaction of Input, Strdiss and Control on depression (β= -0.173±0.07, p &lt;.012). Studies of this type move beyond the static assessments of risk and resilience to a more dynamic one.
Cognitive Disability Among Arab Americans by Nativity Status: Lack of Evidence for the Healthy Migrant Effect
Authors: Kindratt Tiffany , Dallo Florence , Zahodne Laura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Limited research exists on cognitive disabilities among foreign-born adults, particularly non-Hispanic Arab Americans. We analyzed 10 years (2008-2017) of data from the American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) (n=5,011,469; ages &gt;45 years). In US-born adults, the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of cognitive disability among non-Hispanic Arab Americans was 5.3%, which was lower than non-Hispanic whites (6.5%), blacks (10.8%), and Hispanics (10.0%). Among foreign-born adults, the prevalence of cognitive disability was highest, 7.3%, for non-Hispanic Arab Americans compared to all other racial and ethnic groups. Among foreign-born adults, non-Hispanic Arab Americans had 1.24 times greater odds (95% CI=1.12, 1.37) of having a cognitive disability compared to foreign-born non-Hispanic whites. This is the first study to examine cognitive disabilities among US- and foreign-born Arab Americans. More research is needed to better understand factors that may contribute to the increased prevalence of cognitive disabilities for foreign-born adults.
Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life–On the Gendered Risks for Old-Age Exclusion in Sweden and Poland
Authors: Motel-Klingebiel Andreas , Perek-Białas Jolanta , Genelyte Indre , Kelfve Susanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The labour market activity of older workers and their ability and disposition to maintain it depend on institutional conditions, age norms, labour demand and shifting overall economic conditions. The paper discusses exclusion and inequality in later working life from a European comparative perspective and emphasises shifts in late work and retirement patterns as well as later-life outcomes in Sweden and Poland. An emphasis is on changing institutional conditions on the national and branch level. Gendered risks for economic exclusion and later life precarity are stressed. Analyses for the two countries are contrasted with Germany and the UK. The analyses are part of the research program ‘Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life: Evidence for Policy Innovation Towards Inclusive Extended Work and Sustainable Working Conditions in Sweden and Europe – EIWO’ (2019-24). Analyses use data from SHARE and EU-SILC and address older workers of age 60 and older in Sweden, Poland, German and the UK. They find increasingly heterogeneous preretirement and transition patterns, new gender gaps and increasing risks of economic exclusion in retirement. Situations differ between countries with the prolongation of late working life in Sweden having a mostly positive effect on gender inequalities with low education and specific migrant groups as an exception. Poland is specific case due to unequally low retirement age for woman (60) and for men (65) with consequently large structural gender differences and increases in the process of increasing labour force participation of older workers and increasingly gendered risks for old-age economic exclusion.
Function-Focused Care in the Dutch Nursing Home Setting: Past and Current Practices
Authors: Vluggen Stan , Metzelthin Silke , de Man-van Ginkel Janneke , de Waal Getty Huisman , Zwakhalen Sandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, Function Focused Care (FFC) interventions have been developed and implemented in Dutch home care, nursing homes and acute care. These interventions aimed to train nursing staff to adapt their level of support to the capabilities of elderly and to maintain/optimize their self-reliance and physical functioning. After synthesizing knowledge and experiences from the existing FFC-interventions, an advanced FFC-intervention was developed for application in long-term care: ‘SELF’. SELF comprises seven interactive sessions, is theoretically grounded, primarily focuses on behavior change in nursing staff, is tailored to the ward’s needs, is multidisciplinary in nature, and focuses on all care interactions. Currently, SELF is pilot-tested in one psycho-geriatric ward with 17 nursing staff members. Questionnaires on outcome-expectations, self-efficacy and intention to stimulate elderly are assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Field notes and interviews are used to assess its feasibility and acceptability. Experiences will guide the further refinement of ‘SELF’. Part of a symposium sponsored by Nursing Care of Older Adults Interest Group.
Reducing Ageism: PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences) Model
Authors: Levy Sheri , Lytle Ashley , Macdonald Jamie , Apriceno MaryBeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Drawing on interdisciplinary theorizing and research, the PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences) model points to two interrelated factors that reduce ageism: providing education about aging and positive intergenerational contact experiences with older adults (Levy 2016). Evidence supporting the model will be discussed including a semester-long pre-posttest intervention with undergraduates (non-gerontology course) who learned about aging and had face-to-face and Instagram contact with older adults (Lytle, Nowacek, & Levy, 2020), brief online pre-post test experimental-control group studies with undergraduates and a community sample who learned about aging and positive intergenerational contact experiences (Lytle & Levy, 2017), and an online experimental-control group study with undergraduates who viewed brief videos addressing PEACE model components (Lytle, Macdonald, Apriceno, & Levy, under review). Across studies, PEACE model interventions promoted increased aging knowledge as well as reduced negative stereotyping of older adults, aging anxiety, and concerns about aging. Future directions will be discussed.
Caregiving Intensity and Caregiver Burden Among Dementia Caregivers: The Moderating Roles of Social Support
Authors: Xu Ling , Liu Yiwei , He Hui , Fields Noelle , Kan Chen , Ivey Dorothea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: Using the stress-coping theory, the aims of the present study were to test what levels of caregiving intensity (hours actually spent on caregiving every day) posed the most negative influence on caregiver burden as well as how social support moderated such associations among dementia caregivers. Methods: Data from the baseline assessment of the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health (REACH II) (N = 637) were used. Caregiver burden (12-item Zarit caregiver burden scale), caregiving intensity (caregiving hours), and social support (Lubben social network, received support, satisfaction with support, and negative interactions) were the main measurements. Separate multivariate regression models were conducted with Stata 16. Results: The results showed that the relationships between caregiving hours and caregiver burden were nonlinear after controlling all of the socio-demographic variables. Further analyses showed that when caregiving hours reached 13.50 hours per day, the levels of burden were the highest. In addition, received social support, satisfaction with social support, and social network significantly moderated the relationship between caregiving hours and caregiver burden among dementia caregivers when they were examined separately. However, only social network played a significant moderator role when examining the four social support indicators simultaneously. Discussion and conclusion: These findings suggest the need for programs and practices on educating caregivers regarding how to identify, approach, and gain social support/s, especially in how to broaden the caregivers’ social network while caring for a family member with dementia.
Longitudinal Trends and Predictors of Medicaid Utilization Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Authors: Tavares Jane , Cohen Marc 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over fifteen million older adults in the United States rely on the means-tested Medicaid program for healthcare coverage (accounting for approximately 20% of total Medicaid beneficiaries according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services). With the older adult population growing exponentially, there has been concern that steadily rising Medicaid spending will skyrocket among this group and that there may be a need to reconfigure coverage of the program. However, few studies have longitudinally examined which factors are related to utilization of the program over time among older adults in order to better understand how any future coverage changes might impact this group. This study used the 1998 to 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N=8,162) to analyze a representative sample of those 50 and older regarding demographic, health, and economic trends associated with Medicaid utilization over a sixteen-year period. Descriptive analyses showed stable longitudinal patterns such that those who utilized Medicaid had significantly poorer health and fewer financial resources compared to those who never accessed Medicaid. Multivariate analyses further revealed those who were older, female, minority race/ethnicity, less educated, in poorer health, below the federal poverty line, and with lower net wealth had a higher proportional risk of utilizing Medicaid during the observed time period than their counterparts. The findings from this study highlight the importance of monitoring changes in the documented risk factors over time in terms of their impact on Medicaid utilization and underscore the need to consider how these factors may be interrelated.
Turnover Intention Among Direct Care Workers of Older Adults in Chinese Hospitals and Nursing Homes
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Wang Shuangshuang , Yao Nengliang (Aaron) , Zhenzhen Zhang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High retention rates among direct care workers (DCWs) affect the quality of aged care. However, limited research has explored factors associated with retention in the Chinese aged care industry. This study compared turnover intention and job satisfaction among DCWs in Chinese hospitals and nursing homes. A total 370 DCWs from 7 hospitals (297 contractual, 73 non-contractual) and 311 DCWs from 7 nursing homes (27 contractual, 284 non-contractual) located in Fujian, China were recruited to fill out a questionnaire. Overall, DCWs from hospitals reported lower turnover intention (20.5 % vs 37.0%) and higher levels of job satisfaction (31.1% vs 16.4%) than DCWs from nursing homes. Specifically, contractual DCWs from hospitals indicated lower turnover intention (14.8%) than non-contractual DCWs from hospitals (43.8%) and both types of DCWs from nursing homes (36.3% and 44.4%). Higher job satisfaction was associated with lower turnover intention, but did not mediate the association between DCW types and turnover intention. Findings suggested that the government and institutions should help DCWs complete the identity transformation from non-contractual DCWs to contractual DCWs to enhance job security and benefits. For nursing home DCWs, licensing and registration requirements shall meet the standards for hospital DCWs. Attention is also to be paid to working conditions and staff welfare of DCWs, including social insurance, pensions, and trainings, to improve job satisfaction and reduce turnover intention.