bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Activity Distributed in Multiple Cortical Areas during Voluntary Control of the Native Arm or a Brain-Computer Interface
Authors: Liu Zheng , Schieber Marc H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVoluntary control of visually-guided upper extremity movements involves neuronal activity in multiple areas of the cerebral cortex. Studies of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that use spike recordings for input, however, have focused largely on activity in the region from which those neurons that directly control the BCI, which we call BCI units, are recorded. We hypothesized that just as voluntary control of the arm and hand involves activity in multiple cortical areas, so does voluntary control of a BCI. In two subjects (Macaca mulatta) performing a center-out task both with a hand-held joystick and with a BCI directly controlled by four primary motor cortex (M1) BCI units, we recorded the activity of other, non-BCI units in M1, dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and ventral premotor cortex (PMv), primary somatosensory cortex (S1), dorsal posterior parietal cortex (dPPC), and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP). In most of these areas, non-BCI units were active in similar percentages and at similar modulation depths during both joystick and BCI trials. Both BCI and non-BCI units showed changes in preferred direction (PD). Additionally, the prevalence of effective connectivity between BCI and non-BCI units was similar during both tasks. The subject with better BCI performance showed increased percentages of modulated non-BCI units with increased modulation depth and increased effective connectivity during BCI as compared with joystick trials; such increases were not found in the subject with poorer BCI performance. During voluntary, closed-loop control, non-BCI units in a given cortical area may function similarly whether the effector is the native upper extremity or a BCI-controlled device.
Aging-Exacerbated Acute Axon and Myelin Injury Is Associated with Microglia-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species and Is Alleviated by the Generic Medication Indapamide
Authors: Michaels Nathan J. , Lemmon Kennedy , Plemel Jason R. , Jensen Samuel K. , Mishra Manoj K. , Brown Dennis , Rawji Khalil S. , Koch Marcus , Yong V. Wee 
Published: October 2020

Age is a critical risk factor for many neurologic conditions, including progressive multiple sclerosis. Yet the mechanisms underlying the relationship are unknown. Using lysolecithin-induced demyelinating injury to the mouse spinal cord, we characterized the acute lesion and investigated the mechanisms of increased myelin and axon damage with age. We report exacerbated myelin and axon loss in middle-aged (8–10 months of age) compared with young (6 weeks of age) female C57BL/6 mice by 1–3 d of lesion evolution in the white matter. Transcriptomic analysis linked elevated injury to increased expression ofCybb, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase gp91phox. Immunohistochemistry in male and femaleCx3cr1CreER/+:Rosa26tdTom/+mice for gp91phox revealed that the upregulation in middle-aged animals occurred primarily in microglia and not infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages. Activated NADPH oxidase generates reactive oxygen species and elevated oxidative damage was corroborated by higher malondialdehyde immunoreactivity in lesions from middle-aged compared with young mice. From a previously conducted screen for generic drugs with antioxidant properties, we selected the antihypertensive CNS-penetrant medication indapamide for investigation. We report that indapamide reduced superoxide derived from microglia cultures and that treatment of middle-aged mice with indapamide was associated with a decrease in age-exacerbated lipid peroxidation, demyelination and axon loss. In summary, age-exacerbated acute injury following lysolecithin administration is mediated in part by microglia NADPH oxidase activation, and this is alleviated by the CNS-penetrant antioxidant, indapamide.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAge is associated with an increased risk for the development of several neurologic conditions including progressive multiple sclerosis, which is represented by substantial microglia activation. We demonstrate that in the lysolecithin demyelination model in young and middle-aged mice, the latter group developed greater acute axonal and myelin loss attributed to elevated oxidative stress through NADPH oxidase in lineage-traced microglia. We thus used a CNS-penetrant generic medication used in hypertension, indapamide, as we found it to have antioxidant properties in a previous drug screen. Following lysolecithin demyelination in middle-aged mice, indapamide treatment was associated with decreased oxidative stress and axon/myelin loss. We propose indapamide as a potential adjunctive therapy in aging-associated neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and progressive multiple sclerosis.
El estatuto semántico de la representación del Diablo en el III Concilio Limense
Authors: Rodas-Bazán Dany 
Published: October 2020

El rol de la Iglesia Católica, en el contexto de la conquista de América, ha sido descrito como una campaña que tuvo por objetivo único expandir la fe cristiana. No obstante, por medio de distintos discursos, que tienen como uno de sus ejes del concepto de Diablo, ayudaron en la consolidación de la Colonización. El siguiente artículo1 tiene por objetivo hallar las oposiciones semánticas presentes en los sermones del Tercer Concilio Limense, con el fn de describir el nivel temático y, a partir de allí, poder interpretar las implicancias ideológicas en torno al concepto del Diablo. Se ha utilizado como metodología la teoría expresada por Joseph Courtés en Semiótica del discurso. Luego del análisis, se concluye que la imagen del Diablo, asociada a conceptos como alma, cuerpo, pecado, perdición, entre otras sirvió para convertir al indígena peruano en un sujeto colonizado.
Wada testing and fMRI in a polyglot evaluated for epilepsy surgery
Authors: Bohm Parker , McKay Jake , Lucas John , Sabsevitz David , Feyissa Anteneh M. , Ritaccio Tony , Grewal Sanjeet S. , Wharen Robert E. , Gupta Vivek , Tatum William O. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDespite advancements in the neurophysiology of language and presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery, there is a paucity of information in the literature regarding presurgical evaluation of multilingual patients. We present a case of a 52‐year‐old right‐handed woman with refractory epilepsy who was fluent in six languages and underwent subsequent trilingual presurgical evaluation which included neuropsychological testing, Wada testing, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and electrocortical stimulation. These studies suggested a seizure focus in the left temporal lobe and language localization that was predominantly right‐hemispheric; she subsequently underwent left temporal laser interstitial thermal therapy without clinical disturbance in language function while remaining seizure‐free. A multidisciplinary effort was integral in providing an optimal outcome for this patient.
Early Parkinsonism in a Senegalese girl with Lafora disease
Authors: Ragona Francesca , Canafoglia Laura , Castellotti Barbara , Solazzi Roberta , Gabbiadini Sara , Freri Elena , Scaioli Vidmer , DiFrancesco Jacopo Cosimo , Gellera Cinzia , Granata Tiziana 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWe report the atypical presentation of Lafora disease in a Senegalese girl carrying the homozygous variant, c.560A>C, in the NHLRC1 gene. At 13 years, the patient developed myoclonic and visual seizures, progressive psychomotor slowing, and cognitive decline. At 14 years, a neurological examination showed severe hypomimia, bradykinesia, rigidity and low‐amplitude myoclonic jerks. Flash‐visual and somatosensory evoked potentials showed an increased amplitude of the cortical components, while an electroretinogram showed attenuated responses. An EEG showed diffuse polyspikes associated with positive‐negative jerks as well as posterior slow waves and irregular spikes. The electroclinical picture suggested the diagnosis of Lafora disease regarding the association of visual seizures, cognitive deterioration, and action myoclonus, together with the EEG and evoked potential findings. Two uncommon findings were the prominence of extrapyramidal signs in the early stage of disease (which are rarely reported) and attenuation of electroretinal responses. We consider that Lafora disease should be included in the diagnostic work‐up for juvenile Parkinsonism, when associated with epilepsy.
HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1R1, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β: novel epilepsy markers?
Authors: Kamaşak Tülay , Dilber Beril , Yaman Serap Özer , Durgut Betül Diler , Kurt Tuba , Çoban Elif , Arslan Elif Acar , Şahin Sevim , Karahan Süleyman Caner , Cansu Ali 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAim: The purpose of this study was to compare HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1β, IL‐1R1, and TNF‐α levels in patients with mild and severe epilepsy with those in a healthy control group.Methods: Children aged 4–17 years, diagnosed with epilepsy for at least three years and with no progressive neurological disease, metabolic disease or infection, were selected for the study. The severe epilepsy group consisted of 28 children with at least one episode a week despite receiving three or more antiepileptic drugs. The mild epilepsy group consisted of 29 children with no seizures in the previous year, receiving only one antiepileptic drug, while 27 healthy children were selected as the control group. HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1R1, TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels were investigated in these three groups. The MRI findings and clinical characteristics of the patients in the epilepsy group were also compared with these markers.Results: HMGB‐1, TLR4, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β levels in the severe epilepsy group were higher than in the control group and the mild epilepsy group (p<0.05), and were higher in the mild epilepsy group than in the control group (p<0.05). IL‐1R1 was also higher in the severe epilepsy group than in the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: In this first report to identity a possible correlation between HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1β, IL‐1R1, and TNF‐α levels and severity of epilepsy, our data demonstrates that the serum level of these cytokines is higher in cases of drug‐refractory epilepsy.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬЮ РОССИЙСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В УСЛОВИЯХ КРИЗИСА МИРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ:ПОСТПАНДЕМИЧЕСКИЕ СЦЕНАРИИ
Authors: Верещагина Анна Владимировна , Рачипа Андрей Валерьевич , Таранов Петр Владимирович 
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является анализ дискурсивного пространства, сформировавшегося в области изучения социально-экономической безопасности российского общества и управления ею в условиях мирового экономического кризиса, вызванного пандемией COVID-19.
Методологическую базу исследования представляют принципы и положения, сложившиеся в рамках теории безопасности в пространстве различных дисциплинарных практик (экономических, социологических, философских и т. д.), а также теоретические установки сценарного подхода, применение которого в сфере управления безопасностью общества позволяет не только выявить и предотвратить возможные риски, но и трансформировать их в состояние перспективных возможностей.
Результаты исследования. Анализ экспертных оценок и прогнозов относительно возможных сценариев социально-экономического развития российского общества в новом потпандемическом мире показал широкий разброс позиций и мнений. В большиснтве случаев исследователи пессимистично настроены относительно постпандемического будущего российской экономики и развития социальных процессов. Причина видится в несоответствии управленческой системы давно изменившимся реалиям социально-экономического пространства цифрового мира, а также принципам социального государства. При имеющихся у России ресурсах (человеческих, природных и т. д.) перспективы преодоления пандемического кризиса и безопасного социально-экономического развития в условиях постпандемического мира представляются вполне реальными, но определяются в координатах строительства новой российской государственности. При этом крайне важно вернуться к социальному государству как реальной практике государственного управления. Этого требуют реалии пандемической ситуации, выявившие высокую опасность игнорирования неэкономических факторов и аспектов в развитии как отдельных государств, так и всего мирового сообщества.
Перспективу исследования составляет возможность и необходимость дальнейшей рефлексии экспертных оценок и управленческих практик в области обеспечения социально-экономической безопасности российского общества в проекции грядущего постпандемического мира.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Authors: Ткачева Ольга  Александровна 
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является изучение применения современных пространственных технологий как элементов цифровизации землеустроительной и кадастровой деятельности при разработке мероприятий перспективного использования земельных ресурсов.
Методологическую базу исследования представляют общенаучные методы логического и статистического анализа, графической интерпретации информации, а также элементы системного подхода.
Результаты исследования. Современные пространственные технологии позволяют снизить финансовые и временные затраты землеустроительных и кадастровых работ по формированию необходимой информации, также выступают действенным механизмом цифровизации этой профессиональной деятельности. Проведение формальной инвентаризации земельных ресурсов муниципального образования с использованием возможностей Публичной кадастровой карты и материалов космической съёмки позволило сформулировать несколько основных задач перспективного использования земельных ресурсов муниципального образования.
Перспективы исследования составляет дальнейший анализ и подбор конкретных инструментов пространственных технологий для эффективной интеграции землеустроительной и кадастровой деятельности в цифровую экономику страны.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ОЧИСТКИ МЕЛИОРАТИВНЫХ КАНАЛОВ ЗА СЧЕТ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ОСНОВНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ РЕЖУЩЕГО АППАРАТА КОСИЛКИ
Authors: Грищенко Владимир Викторович 
Published: October 2020

Целью исследования является повышение экономической эффективности режущего аппарата косилки за счет определения оптимальных параметров ножа и обеспечения долговечности машины. При решении данной задачи учитывались скорость резания, масса ножа и его геометрические параметры, необходимые для срезания сорной растительности и удаления срезанной массы из зоны резания.
Методологическую базу исследования представляют основы теории бесподпорного резания В. П. Горячкина, а также анализ теоретических исследований сопротивляемости стебля отгибу, проведенных В. Ф. Семеновым и Е. С. Босым.
Результаты исследования. Для обеспечения экономической эффективности были определены новые физические параметры цепи, что позволило сохранить работоспособность ротора в целом. Старая цепь была заменена на новую, что повлекло за собой изменение геометрических параметров цепного ножа. Экономическое обоснование позволило использовать новый цепной нож без изменения конструкции косилки КР-2,5К.
Перспективу исследования составляет дальнейший анализ прочности звена режущего аппарата мелиоративной косилки в различных условиях перегрузки.
KENDİNE ZARAR VEREN ERGENLERİN İNTERNET KULLANIM ALIŞKANLIKLARI İLE OLASI İNTERNET BAĞIMLILIĞI VE SİBER ZORBALIK-MAĞDURİYET DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: AKTEPE Evrim , KOCAMAN Orhan , ÖZYAY EROĞLU Funda , ÖZEN Emel , SÖNMEZ Yonca , EROĞLU Yüksel 
Published: October 2020

Amaç
Bu çalışma kendine zarar verme davranışında bulunan
ergenlerin internet kullanım alışkanlıklarını ve
olası internet bağımlılığı ile siber zorbalık-mağduriyet
düzeylerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Bu bir olgu kontrol çalışmasıydı. Bu çalışma “kendine
zarar veren ergenler” (n = 103) ve “Kontrol” (n = 103)
olmak üzere iki grup altında incelenen 14-18 yaşları
arasındaki toplam 206 ergeni kapsamaktadır. Polikliniğimize
başvuran 14-18 yaş arası ergenlere Kendine
Zarar Verme Davranışı Anketi uygulandı. Daha
sonra her iki gruba İnternet Kullanım Formu, İnternet
Bağımlılığı Envanteri ve Siber Mağdur ve Zorbalık Ölçeği
(CVBS) uygulandı.
Bulgular
Olgu grubunun sosyal paylaşım sitelerini, sohbet odalarını,
alışveriş sitelerini ve anlık mesajlaşmayı sağlayan
siteleri anlamlı oranda daha fazla kullandıkları
saptanmıştır.. Olgu grubunun interneti anlamlı oranda
daha fazla iletişim kurmak için kullandığı ve anlamlı
oranda daha fazla haftanın her günü internete girdikleri
belirlenmiştir. Grupların siber mağdur ve zorbalık
ölçeği toplam puanları ve alt ölçek puanlarına bakıldığında
olgu grubunun anlamlı oranda daha yüksek
puanlar aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Olgu grubunun anlamlı
oranda daha fazla olası internet bağımlısı oldukları ve
anlamlı oranda daha fazla riskli internet davranışları
sergiledikleri bulunmuştur.
Sonuç
Çalışmamızdaki kendine zarar veren ergenlerin interneti
riskli şekilde kullanmaları ve internet bağımlılığı açısından risk altında olmaları bu grubun sanal
dünyadaki tehlikelere açık bir grup olduğunu göstermektedir.
Bu durum göz önüne alındığında ergen ruh
sağlığı polikliniklerinde değerlendirilen kendine zarar
veren ergenlerin internet kullanım özelliklerinin sorgulanması
koruyucu bir yaklaşım olacaktır.
COVID-19 and All the Things That Kill Us: Research Ethics in the Time of Pandemic
Authors: Marino Elizabeth , Rivera-Gonzalez Joyce , Benadusi Mara , Dietrich Alexa , Hamza Mo , Jerolleman Alessandra , Koons Adam 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
How can we ethically research “the social” in times of social distancing? This paper considers the effects of a global pandemic on anthropological practice and scholarship. We suggest that, while much can be learned about the human experience during times of strife, we must first reflect on whether our research is beneficial, collaborative, or necessary. These considerations must constitute an ongoing conversation with research collaborators, and we should work with them in assessing the sociopolitical and biophysical risks our work entails, given that many anthropologists collaborate with members of disenfranchised and politically-marginalized groups. Acknowledging the highly social and oftentimes mobile nature of anthropological research, we call for a dialogue on research’s “new normal.” Due to anthropology’s understanding of the interconnectedness of sociopolitical, historical, and cultural factors in crisis contexts, we encourage our colleagues to commit to the design of ethically-relevant responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Shifting Landscapes of Belonging: Birth Doulas and COVID-19
Authors: Castañeda Angela N. , Searcy Julie Johnson 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The rise of COVID-19 cases at hospitals translates to shifting policies about who can be present at births. Our research looks at data from nearly 400 qualitative surveys on how doulas—women who provide continuous emotional, physical, and informational support to pregnant and laboring people—navigate new restrictions redefining who belongs and is considered an “essential” birth worker in hospitals in the United States. The spectrum of new hospital guidelines spans from allowing only certified doulas, oftentimes with their own personal protective equipment (PPE) and on pre-approved hospital lists, to forcing pregnant people to choose only one support person, and in extreme cases, to banning any labor support—doula or partner. We examine what doulas reported about the changing hospital policies and shifting landscapes of belonging, thinking through what these contestations mean for birth.
Efficacy assessment of modern regimens of preventive antituberculosis therapy in patients basically treated with TNF-α inhibitors
Authors: Barnaulov Aleksei O. , Rasmagina Irina A. , Kondakova Marina N. , Khabirov Vitaliy V. , Lelekova Elena B. 
Published: October 2020

Background. Biological agents, especially anti-tumor necrosis factor blocking agents, frequently are used to treat autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Due to their negative impact on immune system and high risk of reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection all the patients must be well examined before initiation of an anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy (ATNFT).
Purposes and tasks. An estimation of efficiency of preventive anti-tuberculosis therapy (PATT) with patients undergoing ATNFT.
Methods and materials. In the research took part 128 patients, suffering from different inflammatory rheumatic diseases, whom was planned anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. In 62 cases were found the indications for prescription PATT for 4 weeks before initiation of biological therapy and from 8 to 20 weeks after.
Results. An active tuberculosis has been developed in 8 cases, the process was similar to tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus. The factors of risk were the prescription adalimumab and infliximab, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes type 2 and drunkenness abuse.
Conclusion. The existing preventive anti-tuberculosis therapy is not able to preclude the development of tuberculosis in all cases and needs to be optimized.
Association Between Dating Violence and Behavioral and Health Outcomes Among Early Adolescents From Denmark: The Role of Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment
Authors: Karsberg Sidsel , Charak Ruby , Elklit Ask 
Published: October 2020

AimTo examine the unique contribution of child maltreatment victimization on the association between adolescent dating violence (ADV) and four negative behavioral and health-related factors.MethodIn total, 2,934 7th grade students (M = 13.5, SD = .5) filled out questionnaires at school. Binominal logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of child maltreatment on the relationship between ADV and behavioral and health-related factors.ResultsAfter child maltreatment was taken into account, associations between ADV and the negative behavioral and health-related factors became weaker.ConclusionsThe findings from the present study suggest that focusing on one victimization type (such as ADV) when examining psychological outcomes, can be problematic as the causal relationship may be misrepresented when an adolescent's broader victimization profile and context is not considered.