bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analytical solution to the dispersion‐by‐inversion problem in magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Mura Joaquin , Schrank Felix , Sack Ingolf 
Published: March 2020

PurposeMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) measures stiffness of soft tissues by analyzing their spatial harmonic response to externally induced shear vibrations. Many MRE methods use inversion‐based reconstruction approaches, which invoke first‐ or second‐order derivatives by finite difference operators (first‐ and second‐FDOs) and thus give rise to a biased frequency dispersion of stiffness estimates.MethodsWe here demonstrate analytically, numerically, and experimentally that FDO‐based stiffness estimates are affected by (1) noise‐related underestimation of values in the range of high spatial wave support, that is, at lower vibration frequencies, and (2) overestimation of values due to wave discretization at low spatial support, that is, at higher vibration frequencies.ResultsOur results further demonstrate that second‐FDOs are more susceptible to noise than first‐FDOs and that FDO dispersion depends both on signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and on a lumped parameter A, which is defined as wavelength over pixel size and over a number of pixels per stencil of the FDO. Analytical FDO dispersion functions are derived for optimizing A parameters at a given SNR. As a simple rule of thumb, we show that FDO artifacts are minimized when A/2 is in the range of the square root of 2SNR for the first‐FDO or cubic root of 5SNR for the second‐FDO.ConclusionsTaken together, the results of our study provide an analytical solution to a long‐standing, well‐recognized, yet unsolved problem in MRE postprocessing and might thus contribute to the ongoing quest for minimizing inversion artifacts in MRE.
Molecular pathology of Lynch syndrome
Authors: Cerretelli Guia , Ager Ann , Arends Mark J , Frayling Ian M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLynch syndrome (LS) is characterised by predisposition to colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers and is caused by inherited pathogenic variants affecting the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. It is probably the most common predisposition to cancer, having an estimated prevalence of between 1/100 and 1/180. Resources such as the International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Cancer's MMR gene variant database, the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD), and the Colon Cancer Family Register (CCFR), as well as pathological and immunological studies, are enabling advances in the understanding of LS. These include defined criteria by which to interpret gene variants, the function of MMR in the normal control of apoptosis, definition of the risks of the various cancers, and the mechanisms and pathways by which the colorectal and endometrial tumours develop, including the critical role of the immune system. Colorectal cancers in LS can develop along three pathways, including flat intramucosal lesions, which depend on the underlying affected MMR gene. This gives insights into the limitations of colonoscopic surveillance and highlights the need for other forms of anti‐cancer prophylaxis in LS. Finally, it shows that the processes of autoimmunisation and immunoediting fundamentally constrain the development of tumours in LS and explain the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in MMR‐deficient tumours. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A worldwide charter for all children with asthma
Authors: Szefler Stanley J. , Fitzgerald Dominic A. , Adachi Yuichi , Doull Iolo J. , Fischer Gilberto B. , Fletcher Monica , Hong Jianguo , García‐Marcos Luis , Pedersen Søren , Østrem Anders , Sly Peter D. , Williams Siân , Winders Tonya , Zar Heather J. , Bush Andy , Lenney Warren 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChildhood asthma is a huge global health burden. The spectrum of disease, diagnosis, and management vary depending on where children live in the world and how their community can care for them. Global improvement in diagnosis and management has been unsatisfactory, despite ever more evidence‐based guidelines. Guidelines alone are insufficient and need supplementing by government support, changes in policy, access to diagnosis and effective therapy for all children, with research to improve implementation. We propose a worldwide charter for all children with asthma, a roadmap to better education and training which can be adapted for local use. It includes access to effective basic asthma medications. It is not about new expensive medications and biologics as much can be achieved without these. If implemented carefully, the overall cost of care is likely to fall and the global future health and life chance of children with asthma will greatly improve. The key to success will be community involvement together with the local and national development of asthma champions. We call on governments, institutions, and healthcare services to support its implementation.
Exploring emotional reflexivity in British lifestyle migration to Australia
Authors: Osbaldiston Nick , Picken Felicity , Denny Lisa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we explore narratives from interviews with British migrants who had shifted to Australia seeking a better way of life. Framed through the conceptual paradigm of lifestyle migration, we argue in this paper that pivotal to this late‐modern phenomenon is the moment of reflexivity where imagination over life elsewhere collides with present experiences in place. However, using the concept of emotional reflexivity, we argue that these reflexive moments are not simply cognitively processed. Rather, emotions in the everyday and emotions of imagined lives elsewhere colour the reflexive moment and guide decision making. Furthermore, once living the lifestyle migration, emotions continue to play a role in the everyday moments of reflexivity. In some circumstances, as we show, emotional detachment from the lifestyle migration experience creates impetus to leave place and return home. Through this paper, we hope to engage further with the argument that emotional reflexivity needs to be interrogated in lifestyle migration research.
Prediction of Clinical Transporter‐Mediated Drug–Drug Interactions via Comeasurement of Pitavastatin and Eltrombopag in Human Hepatocyte Models
Authors: Carter Simon J. , Chouhan Bhavik , Sharma Pradeep , Chappell Michael J. 
Published: March 2020

A structurally identifiable micro‐rate constant mechanistic model was used to describe the interaction between pitavastatin and eltrombopag, with improved goodness‐of‐fit values through comeasurement of pitavastatin and eltrombopag. Transporter association and dissociation rate constants and passive rates out of the cell were similar between pitavastatin and eltrombopag. Translocation into the cell through transporter‐mediated uptake was six times greater for pitavastatin, leading to pronounced inhibition of pitavastatin uptake by eltrombopag. The passive rate into the cell was 91 times smaller for pitavastatin compared with eltrombopag. A semimechanistic physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to evaluate the potential for clinical drug–drug interactions (DDIs). The PBPK model predicted a twofold increase in the pitavastatin peak blood concentration and area under the concentration‐time curve in the presence of eltrombopag in simulated healthy volunteers. The use of structural identifiability supporting experimental design combined with robust micro‐rate constant parameter estimates and a semimechanistic PBPK model gave more informed predictions of transporter‐mediated DDIs.
Detecting the misuse of 7‐oxo‐DHEA by means of carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry in doping control analysis
Authors: Piper Thomas , Fusshöller Gregor , Geyer Hans , Toboc Ani , Dănilă Mădălin‐George , Thevis Mario 
Published: March 2020

RationaleThe misuse of 7‐oxo‐DHEA (3β‐hydroxyandrost‐5‐ene‐7,17‐dione) is prohibited according to the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) code. Nevertheless, it is easily available as a dietary supplement and from black market sources. In two recent doping control samples, significant amounts of its main metabolite 7β‐OH‐DHEA were identified, necessitating further investigations.MethodsAs both 7‐oxo‐DHEA and 7β‐OH‐DHEA are endogenously produced steroids and no concentration thresholds applicable to routine doping controls exist, the development and validation of a carbon isotope ratio (CIR) mass spectrometry method ha been desirable. Excretion studies encompassing 7‐oxo‐DHEA, 7‐oxo‐DHEA‐acetate, and in‐house deuterated 7‐oxo‐DHEA were conducted and evaluated with regard to urinary CIR and potential new metabolites of 7‐oxo‐DHEA.ResultsNumerous urinary metabolites were identified, some of which have not been reported before, while others corroborate earlier findings on the metabolism of 7‐oxo‐DHEA. The CIRs of both 7‐oxo‐DHEA and 7β‐OH‐DHEA were significantly influenced for more than 50 h after a single oral dose of 100 mg, and a novel metabolite (5α‐androstane‐3β,7β‐diol‐17‐one) was found to prolong this detection time window by approximately 25 h. Applying the validated method to routine doping control specimens presenting atypically high urinary 7β‐OH‐DHEA levels clearly demonstrated the exogenous origin of 7‐oxo‐DHEA and 7β‐OH‐DHEA.ConclusionsAs established for other endogenously produced steroids such as testosterone, the CIR allows for a clear differentiation between endo‐ and exogenous sources of 7‐oxo‐DHEA and 7β‐OH‐DHEA. The novel metabolites detected after administration may help to improve the detection of 7‐oxo‐DHEA misuse and simplify its detection in doping control specimens.
A Systems Thinking Analysis of the Supply Chain Social Responsibility Literature
Authors: Basta Mohamed , Lapalme James , Paquet Marc 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGiven its material impact on bottom lines, social responsibility became essential to supply chain sustainability strategies. The authors of this paper reviewed the relevant literature and discovered its reliance on approaches like corporate social responsibility and its marginalization of systems thinking. This situation undermines the contributions of this literature, as it could be reductionist from a systemic perspective. Reductionism limits solutions to suboptimizations incapable of achieving multifinal and holistic outcomes. To assess this literature, the authors conducted a mapping study to analyse its distribution over four systemic paradigms: functionalism, interpretivism, emancipation, and postmodernism. The results showed that it clustered unevenly around these paradigms and lacked pluralism in perspective. This paper is significant as it revealed the innate inability of most of the supply chain social responsibility literature in offering creative and holistic solutions. Therefore, this literature can only resolve some social responsibility factors allowing the persistence and resurfacing of social responsibility messes.
Local compressive behavior of joint core reinforced with ring beam for connection of polyvinyl chloride fiber‐reinforced polymer confined concrete column and reinforced concrete beam
Authors: Bu Shuangshuang , Yu Feng , Feng Chaochao , Liu Qiqi , Song Jie , Fang Yuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, seven specimens were designed to study the influence of the height (h), width (b), and reinforcement ratio (ρ) of ring beam on the failure mode, bearing capacity, deformation, and equivalent stress–strain relation of joint core reinforced with ring beam for connection of polyvinyl chloride fiber‐reinforced polymer confined concrete column and reinforced concrete beam. The experimental results indicated that the crushing of concrete in the joint core dominated the failure of specimens. The ultimate, yield bearing capacity and axial strain decreased with the increase of height, while raised with the improvement of width or reinforcement ratio. The growth of the strains of reinforcement and concrete accelerated with the increment of height, while decelerated with the rise of width or reinforcement ratio. Subsequently, based on the local compression theory, confined concrete theory, and the principle of superposition of multiple confinement, considering the influence coefficient of joint height βh and the enhancement coefficient of stirrups αs, a new formula was proposed to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of specimens under axial local compression. Then, on the basis of Mander's model, taking the correction parameter η into consideration, a new model of equivalent stress–strain relationship was established. Verification results showed that the models proposed in this research agreed well with the experimental results.
Toughened Composite of Polycarbonate/Wollastonite with Styrene–Butadiene Copolymer and Ethylene‐Methyl Acrylate Elastomers
Authors: Tarade Rohit S. , Mahanwar Prakash A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo kinds of elastomers, styrene–butadiene copolymer (SBC) and ethylene‐methyl acrylate (EMA) were compounded by melt mixing wollastonite into polycarbonate (PC). The result demonstrated that EMA‐filled composites showed better mechanical properties compared to SBC‐filled composites, particularly elongation and impact strength. We observed a 53% increase in Izod impact strength, that is, 5.3‐fold increase in elongation of the PC/wollastonite/EMA composite by incorporating (7%) EMA. The composite also has an encouraging blending effect with a lower decrease in tensile strength of only 13%. Incorporation of EMA and SBC decreased the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the system from 148°C to 141°C. The rheological behavior of composites was also examined using a parallel plate rheometer. By increasing the SBC and EMA elastomer content, we observed an increase in shear viscosity, storage, and loss modulus of the composites. Scanning electron micrographs were used to study the phase structure of Izod‐fractured samples. A multiphase morphology was seen with good dispersion of wollastonite and EMA granules in the PC matrix.
Interpolating between asymptotic and near horizon symmetries
Authors: Grumiller Daniel , Sheikh-Jabbari M.M. , Troessaert Cedric , Wutte Raphaela 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We develop basic tools and matching conditions to interpolate between asymptotic and near horizon symmetries. We focus on black holes in three dimensions. In particular, we match Brown-Henneaux boundary conditions at infinity, which yields two Virasoro algebras, to Heisenberg boundary conditions at the horizon yielding two û(1) current algebras. Our construction allows to equip BTZ black holes with soft hair excitations at the horizon invisible to the asymptotic observer.
Usability of the AAOS Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for the surgical management of knee osteoarthritis in clinical practice
Authors: Ahmed Ghalib Oudah , ELSweify Kareem , Ahmed Abdulaziz F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for the surgical treatment of knee osteoarthritis were developed by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) to guide surgeons in selecting the most evidence-based surgical option. This study aimed to assess the usability of the AUC by comparing the actual surgical treatment provided at our institution with that recommended by the AUC.

Methods
A retrospective review of the medical charts and radiographs of all patients who underwent surgery for knee osteoarthritis (OA) at our hospital was performed between January and December 2017. Data including each patient’s age, gender, pain level, mechanical symptoms, range of motion (ROM) and instability, radiographic pattern and severity, limb alignment, and type of surgical interventions received were collected.
The collected data were input into the AUC application to determine the rate of appropriateness of the treatments. Afterwards, the agreement between the actual treatment provided and the AUC recommendation was assessed.

Results
A consecutive series of 100 patients were included. The mean age was 63.1 years, with the majority of the patients aged (73%) between 50 and 69 years. Most of the patients were females (74%), and 61% had left knee OA. The most frequent type of patient was a middle-aged patient with function-limiting pain at short distances, no mechanical symptoms or functional instability with full ROM, severe knee multicompartmental radiographic features, and varus or valgus malalignment. Out of the 100 patients, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was performed in 85 patients, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) was performed in 11 patients, and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) was performed in four patients.
According to the AUC, 90 (90%) cases were treated with an appropriate surgical treatment, whereas 10 (10%) cases were treated with a maybe appropriate treatment. The actual surgical treatment performed at our hospital was in agreement with the AUC recommendation in 100% of the TKA cases, 90.9% of the UKA cases, and 100% of the HTO cases. Thus, the agreement rate with the AUC was 99% in all surgical cases.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the AUC for the surgical treatment of knee OA can be applied easily in a clinical setting. Most of the treatments provided at our institution were appropriate and in agreement with the AUC recommendations. Additionally, the AUC had a web-based application that was easy to use and simple for identifying treatment recommendations.

Level of evidence
Retrospective study, level IV.
Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) induce immunogenic cell death resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy when combined with anti-PD-1 therapy
Authors: Voloshin Tali , Kaynan Noa , Davidi Shiri , Porat Yaara , Shteingauz Anna , Schneiderman Rosa S. , Zeevi Einav , Munster Mijal , Blat Roni , Tempel Brami Catherine , Cahal Shay , Itzhaki Aviran , Giladi Moshe , Kirson Eilon D. , Weinberg Uri , Kinzel Adrian , Palti Yoram 
Published: March 2020

Abstract Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields in a specific frequency range (100–300 kHz) delivered to the human body through transducer arrays. In this study, we evaluated whether TTFields-mediated cell death can elicit antitumoral immunity and hence would be effectively combined with anti-PD-1 therapy. We demonstrate that in TTFields-treated cancer cells, damage-associated molecular patterns including high-mobility group B1 and adenosine triphosphate are released and calreticulin is exposed on the cell surface. Moreover, we show that TTFields treatment promotes the engulfment of cancer cells by dendritic cells (DCs) and DCs maturation in vitro, as well as recruitment of immune cells in vivo. Additionally, our study demonstrates that the combination of TTFields with anti-PD-1 therapy results in a significant decline of tumor volume and increase in the percentage of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in two tumor models. In orthotopic lung tumors, these infiltrating leukocytes, specifically macrophages and DCs, showed elevated expression of PD-L1. Compatibly, cytotoxic T-cells isolated from these tumors demonstrated increased production of IFN-γ. In colon cancer tumors, T-cells infiltration was significantly increased following long treatment duration with TTFields plus anti-PD-1. Collectively, our results suggest that TTFields therapy can induce anticancer immune response. Furthermore, we demonstrate robust efficacy of concomitant application of TTFields and anti-PD-1 therapy. These data suggest that integrating TTFields with anti-PD-1 therapy may further enhance antitumor immunity, hence achieve better tumor control.
Low-threshold spiking interneurons perform feedback inhibition in the lateral amygdala
Authors: Ünal Çağrı Temuçin , Ünal Bengi , Bolton M. McLean 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmygdala plays crucial roles in emotional learning. The lateral amygdala (LA) is the input station of the amygdala, where learning related plasticity occurs. The LA is cortical like in nature in terms of its cellular make up, composed of a majority of principal cells and a minority of interneurons with distinct subtypes defined by morphology, intrinsic electrophysiological properties and neurochemical expression profile. The specific functions served by LA interneuron subtypes remain elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the interneuron subtype mediating feedback inhibition. Electrophysiological evidence involving antidromic activation of recurrent LA circuitry via basolateral amygdala stimulation and paired recordings implicate low-threshold spiking interneurons in feedback inhibition. Recordings in somatostatin-cre animals crossed with tdtomato mice have revealed remarkable similarities between a subset of SOM+ interneurons and LTS interneurons. This study concludes that LTS interneurons, most of which are putatively SOM+, mediate feedback inhibition in the LA. Parallels with cortical areas and potential implications for information processing and plasticity are discussed.
Automated fact-value distinction in court opinions
Authors: Cao Yu , Ash Elliott , Chen Daniel L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of automated classification of fact statements and value statements in written judicial decisions. We compare a range of methods and demonstrate that the linguistic features of sentences and paragraphs can be used to successfully classify them along this dimension. The Wordscores method by Laver et al. (Am Polit Sci Rev 97(2):311–331, 2003) performs best in held out data. In an application, we show that the value segments of opinions are more informative than fact segments of the ideological direction of U.S. circuit court opinions.
Nitrogen fixation and productivity of winter annual legume cover crops in Upper Midwest organic cropping systems
Authors: Perrone Sharon , Grossman Julie , Liebman Alex , Sooksa-nguan Thanwalee , Gutknecht Jessica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLegume cover crops can play a valuable role in maintaining and increasing soil quality and nitrogen availability, but are infrequently grown in the Upper Midwest due to short growing seasons with minimal management windows; cold, wet springs; and harsh winters. This study was performed to assess the viability of winter annual legume species in northern climates as a potential source of nitrogen (N) fertility to a 75-day sweet corn (Zea maysconvar. saccharatavar.rugosa) cash crop in Lamberton and Grand Rapids, MN in 2016 and 2017. Treatments included medium red clover (Trifolium pratense), two cold-hardy ecotypes of hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth), a cereal rye-hairy vetch biculture (Secale cerealeL.,Vicia villosaRoth), cereal rye as a non-legume control, and a fallow weed-free control. Legumes were split into rhizobia inoculated and non-inoculated treatments. Inoculation had no effect on nodulation, biomass production, or N fixation likely due to competition with endogenous rhizobia strains. The rye monoculture and biculture produced the most biomass at all site-years averaging 7.7 and 7.0 Mg ha−1respectively while the two vetch ecotypes averaged 4.5 and 3.9 Mg ha−1. Both vetch ecotypes contributed among the most nitrogen in all site-years, contributing up to 211 kg N ha−1from aboveground biomass. Data from natural abundance isotopic approaches indicate that 75% of vetch tissue N in Grand Rapids and 59% of vetch tissue N in Lamberton was derived from atmospheric N fixation, with equal or higher percent fixation of vetch in biculture at all site-years. More studies should be performed to better understand controls on N fixation of legume cover crops in cold climates.