bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible parametric modeling of survival from age at death data: A mixed linear regression framework
Authors: Rouby Etienne , Ridoux Vincent , Authier Matthieu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany long‐lived vertebrate species are under threat in the Anthropocene, but their conservation is hampered by a lack of demographic information to assess population long‐term viability. When longitudinal studies (e.g., Capture‐Mark‐Recapture design) are not feasible, the only available data may be cross‐sectional, for example, stranding for marine mammals. Survival analysis deals with age at death (i.e., time to event) data and allows to estimate survivorship and hazard rates assuming that the cross‐sectional sample is representative. Accommodating a bathtub‐shaped hazard, as expected in wild populations, was historically difficult and required specific models. We identified a simple linear regression model with individual frailty that can fit a bathtub‐shaped hazard, take into account covariates, allow goodness‐of‐fit assessments and give accurate estimates of survivorship in realistic settings. We first conducted a Monte Carlo study and simulated age at death data to assess the accuracy of estimates with respect to sample size. Secondly, we applied this framework on a handful of case studies from published studies on marine mammals, a group with many threatened and data‐deficient species. We found that our framework is flexible and accurate to estimate survivorship with a sample size of 300. This approach is promising for obtaining important demographic information on data‐poor species.
Crystal Facet Engineering of Single‐Crystalline TiC Nanocubes for Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Song Miao , Chen Dehong , Yang Yafeng , Xiang Maoqiao , Zhu Qingshan , Zhao Hongdan , Ward Liam , Chen Xiao‐Bo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSingle‐crystalline {100} faceted TiC is of great significance in theory to a large number of engineering applications owing to its extraordinary catalytic properties. However, the {111} planes are prevalent in conventional TiC powders given their favorable thermodynamic stability during the initial low stoichiometric growth stage. Herein, a disproportionation–decomposition strategy is developed to directly produce Ti and C atoms to synthesize single‐crystalline {100} faceted TiC powders. Outstanding electrochemical performance of TiC {100} crystal planes in terms of the hydrogen evolution reaction is evidenced by an overpotential of 392 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is 52% lower than that of randomly faceted TiC counterparts (815 mV).
Stepwise Suzuki−Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Triborylalkenes Derived from Alkynyl−B(dan)s: Regioselective and Flexible Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes
Authors: Tani Tomohiro , Takahashi Naomi , Sawatsugawa Yuuki , Osano Mana , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlkenes with three boryl groups of differing reactivities were synthesized and subsequently cross‐coupled regioselectively with aryl halides in a stepwise manner to afford tetrasubstituted alkenes. The key triborylalkene is derived from the platinum‐catalyzed diboration of alkynyl−B(dan)s with B2(pin)2. Due to excellent regioselectivity and reaction efficiency of each step starting with alkynyl−B(dan)s, tetrasubstituted alkenes with desired carbon frameworks at desired positions can be prepared in high yields. For example, an alkene with four distinct aryl groups, p‐MeOC6H4, p‐CF3C6H4, p‐MeC6H4, and p‐NCC6H4, was obtained in 71% overall yield via six steps, starting with the dehydrogenative borylation of p‐MeC6H4C≡CH with HB(dan). Moreover, a variety of tetrasubstituted alkenes, including regio‐ and stereoisomers of the above tetraarylalkene, AIE‐active TPTPE and derivatives thereof, and (Z)‐tamoxifen, a well‐known breast cancer drug, were accessed via the developed strategy.magnified image
A Numerical Procedure to Evaluate Memory Effects in Non‐Equilibrium Coarse‐Grained Models
Authors: Meyer Hugues , Wolf Steffen , Stock Gerhard , Schilling Tanja 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhen developing coarse‐grained models of complex processes out of equilibrium, one encounters the non‐stationary generalized Langevin equation. The most important feature of this equation is the presence of a non‐stationary memory kernel. Here, a method is presented to infer this memory kernel from MD simulation data in non‐equilibrium processes. The method provides an improvement of a previously published numerical scheme, the applicability of which is limited by a truncation problem. As an illustration, the method is applied to ion dissociation of NaCl in water, for which non‐trivial dampened oscillations are observed in the memory kernel.
Calculating the temperature and degree of cross‐linking for liquid silicone rubber processing in injection molding
Authors: Weißer Dennis F. , Walz Daniel , Schmid Johannes , Mayer Dennis , Deckert Matthias H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProcessing of liquid silicone rubber (LSR) in the injection molding process has a high economic potential. Since there are some fundamental differences compared to classical thermoplastic injection molding, up to now there is a lack of well‐founded knowledge of the process which allows an estimation of the cycle time. Because, in addition to reverse temperature control, LSR processing also involves an irreversible temperature‐ and time‐dependent chemical reaction. In this paper, the complex cross‐linking reaction is first modelled phenomenologically using dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements and the well‐fitting Kamal‐Sourour model. Afterwards, a temperature and cross‐linking simulation is set up, which reliably simulates the time‐ and travel‐dependent temperature profile and degree of cross‐linking in the mold. Therefore, the released exothermic cross‐linking heat is also taken into account. The simulated temperature values are verified with measurements in the cavity during the injection molding process. The measured values correspond very well with the simulated values at different mold temperatures. It is shown that the influence of the cross‐linking heat on the overall temperature profile in the LSR component during the injection molding process is relatively low. Nevertheless, the model is necessary to determine the degree of cross‐linking ‐ it can be used to calculate the cycle time at which the component of a certain cross‐section can be ejected at a known tool temperature and is fully cross‐linked. With this knowledge, existing processes can be optimized in terms of mold temperature and curing time, but also new components can be calculated economically.
Advancements in traditional and nanosized flame retardants for polymers—A review
Authors: Vahidi Ghazal , Bajwa Dilpreet S. , Shojaeiarani Jamileh , Stark Nicole , Darabi Amir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSynthetic polymers are ubiquitous materials widely used in construction, automotive, electronics, and countless commercial products. With the growing trend of polymer applications in everyday life, upholding the rigorous fire safety regulations has become a matter of concern. In this regard, numerous studies have been conducted for improving the fire retardancy of polymers, mainly through incorporating a diverse group of fire‐retardant compounds into polymer‐based composites. This review article aims to present a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the fire‐retardant categories for polymeric materials especially emphasizing the nanosized fire retardants. Along with an attempt to focus attention on the consumption of conventional and possibly harmful fire retardants, potential eco‐friendly alternatives are represented. A detailed discussion on the flame retardation mechanisms and conventional fire characterization techniques are also discussed.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) with zinc oxide and carbon nanotubes applied to pressure sheath layers in oil and gas pipelines
Authors: Gondim Fernanda Fabbri , Tienne Lucas Galhardo Pimenta , Macena da Cruz Barbara de Salles , Chaves Erica Gervasoni , de Carvalho Peres Augusto Cesar , Marques Maria de Fatima Vieira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, PVDF composites containing 0.2% (m/m) of carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), PVDF with 5.0% (m/m) of zinc oxide (ZnO), and composites containing both particles in the same contents in the matrix were melt processed in a mini‐extruder machine with double screws, using the counter‐rotation mode. Composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic‐mechanical analysis (DMA), and contact angle tests (CA). The samples presented the predominance of the α phase, with an increased degree of crystallinity as well as an increase in dimensional stability by incorporating both fillers, showing a synergistic effect between these particles, as shown on FTIR, DSC, and XRD results. SEM images showed a good dispersion of high aspect ratio particles. In general, DMA and TGA analysis showed that composites had not decreased their thermal and mechanical performance when compared to neat PVDF. Results of CA analysis showed an increase in the hydrophobicity of the sample containing MWCNTs. Permeability tests were also performed using a differential pressure system, combining high temperature and pressure, obtaining permeability measures and time lag. This work presents an alternative of composite materials, suggesting its application in the internal pressure sheath layers of oil and gas flexible pipes.
Transforming public records management: Six key insights
Authors: Dootson Paula , Tate Mary , Desouza Kevin C. , Townson Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecords management in the public sector is integral for delivering public good. However, several institutional challenges inhibit the required implementation of innovative and information‐centric tools to transform records management in response to the challenges of digitization and to capitalize on new opportunities in the digital economy. In this article, we make recommendations to overcome institutional and legislative barriers to transform records management in the public sector.
Determination of cefixime in pure form, in pharmaceutical products and biological samples through fluorescence quenching of eosin Y
Authors: Khan Muhammad N. , Irum  , Mursaleen Muhammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA simple, economic and validated spectrofluorimetric method was developed to assay cefixime (CFX). The technique relies on the quenching effect of CFX on the fluorescence intensity of eosin Y in the presence of acetate buffer pH 3.4 to produce an ion‐pair complex that is measured at 549 nm using an excitation wavelength of 300 nm. Reaction‐influencing factors were carefully investigated and optimized. The fluorescence quenching value was linear to the CFX concentration in the range 0.2–40 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 0.992. The calculated limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.00242 and 0.0080 μg ml−1, respectively. The selectivity of the method was confirmed by studying the effects of excipients and no interference was distinguished. The developed method was used to determine CFX in marketable products and in biological samples. To validate the method, directives of the International Conference on Harmonization were applied and per cent recoveries obtained ranged from 95.30 to 102.50% for pharmaceutical products and from 97.00 to 103.00% for biological fluids.
Novel narrow band red emitters based on mixed metal oxides and their application in hybrid white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Singh Kasturi , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA series of high‐efficiency narrow band red‐emitting La2M2O9:Eu3+ (M = Mo/W) phosphors for white LEDs was synthesized using a conventional solid‐state reaction method. All the compositions show absorption in the near ultraviolet (UV) light region due to charge transfer from O to M (M = W and Mo). In order to investigate the luminescence quenching effect, the Eu3+ concentration was varied in the La2M2O9 lattice. The tungstate analogue had a quantum yield of 46.5%, whereas the molybdate equivalent had a comparatively subordinate value (15.4%). The phosphor could be competently excited by ~395 or 465 nm photons (could be integrated well with a near‐UV or blue LED chip) and showed dominant red emission electric‐dipole transition (5D0→7F2) with sharp spectral lines due to 4f–4f electronic transition of the Eu3+ ion and potential red‐emitting colour converters for white LEDs. The red LED was fabricated by integrating the best phosphor composition with a near‐UV LED and a white hybrid LED was fabricated by conjugating with a yellow organic dye and a red phosphor with near‐UV LEDs. The white hybrid LED showed an excellent colour rendering index (83%), with CIE colour coordinates (0.313, 0.365) and CCT (6280 K).
Trade, revenue, and welfare effects of the AfCFTA on the EAC: An application of WITS‐SMART simulation model
Authors: Shinyekwa Isaac M. B. , Bulime Enock N. W. , Nattabi Aida Kibirige 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe paper estimates the likely effects of the AfCFTA on the east african community(EAC) countries. The paper adopts two approaches. First, a trend analysis of the EAC exports and imports to and from the rest of Africa and the world at large using data from the Trade Map database. Second, we use the WITS‐SMART analytical framework. It is established that the EAC countries mainly export agricultural commodities and products, and minerals, which are not likely to be readily imported by the rest of Africa. This is because between 2001 and 2018, the African continent heavily relied on external markets for exports and imports. Therefore, signing the AfCFTA agreement is a welcome step, but it may not necessarily increase EAC trade with the rest of African and intra‐African trade. Results for the trade effects suggest a mixed effect among the EAC countries. All the EAC countries incur tariff revenue losses, although this varies in absolute amounts and proportions. Whereas Uganda and Burundi experience positive welfare effects, Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda experience negative welfare effects. The policy implications include: a need to build capacity for production; pursue product diversification and sophistication; innovate and attract investments; adopt high international products standards; and target industrialization as a must.
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue changes in the first phase of treatment of pediatric solid tumors
Authors: Joffe Lenat , Shen Wei , Shadid Grace , Jin Zhezhen , Ladas Elena J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBody composition is increasingly recognized as an important factor in cancer outcomes. Use of computed tomography (CT) in cancer care provides the opportunity to accurately quantify whole‐body lean and adipose tissues from images at the third lumbar spine. We sought to substantiate the use of routinely captured, single‐slice chest CT images at the thoracic level for evaluation of skeletal muscle, residual lean tissue, and adiposity among pediatric solid tumor patients. We performed a retrospective analysis among children who underwent treatment for a solid tumor at Columbia University Irving Medical Center. Skeletal muscle (SM), residual lean tissue (RLT), and adipose tissue cross‐sectional areas (cm2) were analyzed at diagnosis and at first follow‐up for disease evaluation (6–14 weeks). Imaging analysis was performed utilizing slice‐O‐matic image analysis software. Of the 57 patients identified, 39 had chest CT imaging that included intervertebral level T12‐L1, and 22 also had concurrent imaging at L3. Correlation coefficients between body composition variables at T12‐L1 and L3 were strong (r = 0.93–0.98). Paired t‐test showed a significant decrease in SM (−4.2 ± 8.12, p = 0.003) and RLT (−10.7 ± 28.5, p = 0.025) as well as a trend toward a significant increase in visceral adipose tissue (3.10 ± 9.65, p = 0.052). Univariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between increasing age and increased SM loss (β = −0.496 with SE = 0.194, p = 0.011), and a lack of association between body mass index and body composition changes. We provide the first line of evidence that single‐slice images from routinely obtained chest CT scans provide a simple, readily available mechanism for assessing body composition in pediatric solid tumor patients. Adverse body composition changes were observed, particularly among adolescents and young adults.Precis: Changes in body composition can be detected via routine CT images in pediatric patients undergoing treatment for solid tumors.
Enhancement of tumor lethality of ROS in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Ming Lan , Cheng Kai , Chen Yu , Yang Rui , Chen Daozhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the process of photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment of tumors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in destroying tumor tissues. However, traditional PDT often has limited ROS killing capacity due to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME) or obstruction by the ROS defense system, resulting in poor efficacy. Therefore, enhancing the killing effect of ROS on tumors is the core of enhancing the anti‐tumor effect of PDT. In recent years, many studies have developed a series of strategies to enhance the ability of ROS to kill tumors in view of the limitations of the TME on PDT. This article summarizes the commonly used or innovative strategies in recent years, including not only frequently used methods for hypoxia in the TME but also innovative strategies to inhibit the ROS defense system.
Micaryolanes A and B, Two New Caryolane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from Marine Streptomyces sp. AH25
Authors: Wu Jiequn , Zhu Yuqin , Zhang Mengxue , Li Hongji , Sun Peng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCaryolanes, known as β‐caryophyllene alcohols, are widely occurring sesquiterpenes in plants. From the cultures of marine Streptomyces sp. AH25, two new caryolane sesquiterpenes, micaryolanes A and B (1 and 2), together with caryolan‐1,9β‐diol (3) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analyses of HR‐MS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were assigned via the CD data of the in situ formed [Rh2(OCOCF3)4] complex and supported by comparison of experimental and calculated specific rotation values. Compounds 1–3 exhibited no activities against Hep3B or MG‐63 cell lines or against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The results not only enriched the caryolane family, but also proved bacteria as a productive source of terpene metabolites.
A Luminescence‐Based Coupled Enzyme Assay Enables High‐Throughput Quantification of the Bacterial Second Messenger 3’3’‐Cyclic‐Di‐AMP
Authors: Zaver Shivam A. , Pollock Alex J. , Boradia Vishant M. , Woodward Joshua J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCyclic dinucleotide signaling systems, which are found ubiquitously throughout nature, allow organisms to rapidly and dynamically sense and respond to alterations in their environments. In recent years, the second messenger, cyclic di‐(3’,5’)‐adenosine monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP), has been identified as an essential signaling molecule in a diverse array of bacterial genera. We and others have shown that defects in c‐di‐AMP homeostasis result in severe physiological defects and virulence attenuation in many bacterial species. Despite significant advancements in the field, there is still a major gap in the understanding of the environmental and cellular factors that influence c‐di‐AMP dynamics due to a lack of tools to sensitively and rapidly monitor changes in c‐di‐AMP levels. To address this limitation, we describe here the development of a luciferase‐based coupled enzyme assay that leverages the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, CnpB, for the sensitive and high‐throughput quantification of 3’3’‐c‐di‐AMP. We also demonstrate the utility of this approach for the quantification of the cyclic oligonucleotide‐based anti‐phage signaling system (CBASS) effector, 3’3’‐cGAMP. These findings establish CDA‐Luc as a more affordable and sensitive alternative to conventional c‐di‐AMP detection tools with broad utility for the study of bacterial cyclic dinucleotide physiology.
Systemic sclerosis with renal crisis and pericardial effusion
Authors: Prudhvi Kalyan , Jonnadula Jayasree , Kutti Sridharan Gurusaravanan , Dominguez Mary 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScleroderma renal crisis occurs in 10% of patients with systemic sclerosis carrying a poor prognosis. A kidney biopsy is consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) with clinical findings discerning it from other TMAs. Progression to ESRD occurs in 50% of patients which can lead to further complications necessitating emergent interventions including dialysis. Patients with scleroderma can have pericardial involvement with tamponade physiology requiring intervention such as pericardiocentesis.
Pretilachlor poisoning: A rare case of a herbicide masquerading as organophosphate toxicity
Authors: Shilpakar Olita , Karki Bipin , Rajbhandari Bibek 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAcute oral intoxication of pretilachlor, a chloroacetanilide herbicide, in humans can present with similar clinical manifestations of organophosphate toxicity. Clinicians should be aware of such mimickers for proper management of the patient.
The Impact of Membrane Composition and Co‐Drug Synergistic Effects on Vancomycin Association with Model Membranes from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Sarangi Nirod Kumar , Stalcup Apryll , Keyes Tia E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Tia E. Keyes. The cover picture shows the interaction of vancomycin at microcavity spanned lipid bilayer membranes—a versatile biomimetic platform for drug–lipid interaction studies. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we show interaction and penetration of the drug vancomycin through lipid membrane is promoted when it is co‐administered with rifampicin. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202000818.
Challenges and Opportunities to Enhance Flexibility in Design and Operation of Chemical Processes
Authors: Riese Julia , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlexibility receives increased interest in chemical engineering and is discussed as one measure to deal with upcoming challenges for the chemical industry. In this paper, different types of flexibility are presented, and flexibility needs are illustrated. The focus is on the evaluation and classification of available solutions to enhance flexibility. Solutions and future challenges across all length scales of chemical engineering are discussed: from tailored catalyst properties to decoupling of processes by means of storage.
Contrasting voluntary versus involuntary layoffs: Antecedents and outcomes
Authors: Chhinzer Nita 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough organizations execute layoffs to adapt their labour force to changing business demands, there is no existing empirical assessment of antecedents and outcomes associated with varying layoff implementation techniques (voluntary vs. involuntary layoffs). Accordingly, this research modifies a turnover framework to empirically evaluate the impact of work‐related and non‐work–related variables on layoff decisions, for both voluntary and involuntary layoff implementation techniques. Management and employee dyads in three companies assessed 976 employee profiles using a policy‐capturing approach. Management decisions regarding involuntary layoffs are influenced most by the employees' job performance, job satisfaction, and job commitment. Comparatively, employee decisions regarding voluntary layoffs are influenced by severance pay, job satisfaction, job performance, and family size. Theoretic and management implications are discussed.