bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives and engagement of caregivers in the care of babies under on Bubble CPAP
Authors: Salimu Sangwani , Kinshella Maggie , Marianne Marianne , Banda Mwai , Newberry Laura , Dube Queen , Molyneux Elizabeth M , Goldfarb David , Kawaza Kondwani , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Severe respiratory distress is a leading cause of mortality among neonates in Malawi. Despite evidence on the safety, cost effectiveness and efficacy of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in managing the condition, its use in Malawian health facilities is limited and little is known about health workers engagement with perspectives of bubble CPAP. The purpose of this study was to explore caregiver perspectives for bubble CPAP at both central and district hospitals and key factors that enable effective caregiver engagement in Malawi. Methods This was a descriptive qualitative study employing secondary analysis of 46 health care worker in-depth interviews. We interviewed the health workers about their thoughts on caregiver perspectives regarding use of bubble CPAP. We implemented the study at a tertiary facility and three district hospitals in southern Malawi. This was a part of a larger study to understand barriers and facilitators to implementing neonatal innovations in resource-constrained hospitals. Interviews were thematically analysed in NVivo 12 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia). Health workers were purposively selected to include nurses, clinicians and district health management involved in the use of bubble CPAP. Results Emerging issues included caregiver fears around bubble CPAP equipment as potentially harmful to their new-borns and how inadequate information provided to caregivers exacerbated knowledge gaps and was associated with refusal of care. However, good communication between health care providers and caregivers was associated with acceptance of care. Caregivers’ decision-making was influenced by relatives and peer advocates were helpful in supporting caregivers and alleviating fears or misconceptions about bubble CPAP. ConclusionsSince caregivers turn to relatives and peers for support, there is need to ensure that both relatives and peers are counselled on bubble CPAP for improved understanding and uptake. Health workers need to provide simplified, accurate, up-to-date information on the intervention as per caregivers’ level of understanding. Notably, contextualised comprehensible information will help alleviate caregivers’ fear and anxieties about bubble CPAP. Key words : bubble CPAP, neonates, caregiver, perspectives, peers, Malawi
Metataxonomic sequencing reveals compositional shifts within the denture-associated microbiome in pneumonia
Authors: Twigg Joshua Alexander , Smith Ann , Haury Clotilde , Wilson Melanie J , Lees Jonathan , Waters Mark , Williams David W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Bacterial pneumonia affects a disproportionate number of the elderly in the UK, with substantial morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence implicates removable dentures as a potential nidus for respiratory pathogens to form a reservoir which could seed colonisation and infection of respiratory tissues in susceptible individuals. However, research evaluating the denture-associated microbiome in patients with an active diagnosis of pneumonia is lacking. The aim of this study was to characterise denture-associated oral bacterial communities by metataxonomic sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among two representative pathogenic species Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also assessed. Finally, the role of salivary cytokines as diagnostic biomarkers was explored. Results There were significant shifts observed in species composition, diversity and richness in the denture-associated microbiome of pneumonia patients. Importantly, the relative abundance of putative respiratory pathogens in the denture-associated microbiota of pneumonia patients was significantly increased compared with respiratorily healthy care home residents. The magnitude of this increase was approximately three-fold in denture-associated bacterial communities compared with other oral sites examined. Antimicrobial resistance was equivocal between microbes isolated from both participant cohorts, highlighting the potential for oral biofilms to protect microbes from systemic antimicrobial therapy. While salivary cytokine profiles did not correlate with pneumonia status, the concentration of IL-6 and IL-8 positively correlated with the relative abundance of putative respiratory pathogens on denture surfaces. Conclusions This is the first study to directly examine compositional shifts in the denture-associated oral microbiome in respiratory infection, providing a basis for disentangling potential causal relationships.
Short stem hip arthroplasty provides a more physiological load transfer: a comparative finite element analysis study
Authors: Yan Shuang G , Chevalier Yan , Liu Fanxiao , Hua Xingyi , Schreiner Anna , Jansson Volkmar , Schmidutz Florian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Short stem total hip arthroplasty (SHA) preserves femoral bone stock and is supposed to provide a more natural load transfer compared to standard stem total hip arthroplasty (THA). As comparative biomechanical reference data are rare we used a finite element analysis (FEA) approach to compare cortical load transfer after implantations of a cementless short and standard stem in native biomechanical femora. Methods The subject specific finite element models of biomechanical femora, one native and two with implanted SHA (Metha, B.Braun Aesculap) and standard THA (CLS, Zimmer-Biomet), were generated from computed tomography datasets. The loading configuration was performed with an axial force of 1400 N. Von Mises stress was used to investigate the change of cortical stress distribution. Results Compared to the native femur, a considerable reduction of cortical stress was recorded after implantation of SHA and standard THA. The SHA showed less reduction proximally with a significant higher metaphyseal cortical stress compared to standard THA. Moreover, the highest peak stresses were observed metaphyseal for the SHA stem while for the standard THA high stress pattern was observed more distally. Conclusion Both, short and standard THA, cause unloading of the proximal femur. However, SHA features a clearly favorable pattern in terms of a lower reduction proximally and improved metaphyseal loading, while standard THA shows a higher proximal unloading and more distal load transfer. These load pattern implicate a reduced stress shielding proximally for SHA and might be able to translate in a better bone preservation.
Biomechanical study on the stress distribution of the knee joint after residual rotation deformity of tibial fracture
Authors: Li Ming , Zhu Yanbin , Wei Ning , Chang Wenli , Jin Zeyue , Yan Ying , Du Hao , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of residual rotation deformity on the stress distribution of the knee joint after surgery to treat middle and upper tibial fractures. Methods Fourteen adult cadaver specimens that were preserved with formalin were included, and the tibias were randomly positioned at 0 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 15 degrees from the line of force of the lower limb. These positions modeled deformities of 5 degrees, 10 degrees, and 15 degrees from the line of force. Low-pressure pressure-sensitive film technology measured the stress distribution of the knee joint under different degrees of rotation deformity. Results Under a vertical load of 400 N, the difference between the medial and lateral stress of the knee joint was significantly different between the different tibia deformities (P<0.05), and the medial stress of the knee joint was higher than the lateral stress. The current study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the medial stress on the knee joint at all angles (including the neutral position of 0 degrees) (F=89.753, P<0.001) . There was a statistically significant difference in the lateral stresses of the knee joint between different rotation deformities (including the neutral position of 0 degrees) (F=102.998, P<0.001). Conclusions Residual rotation deformity after fracture of middle and upper tibia can lead to poor alignment of lower limb force and change of articular contact characteristics of knee joint, especially external rotation of tibia.Therefore, orthopedic surgeons should correct the malalignment of lower limbs to the greatest extent and reduce the rotation deformity as far as possible.
Development and validation of a predictive model for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Yang Dongliang , Kang Jian , Wen Chao , Zhang Xiujie , Song Jing , Wang Hui , Jiang Li , Gao Dongna , Zhang Huanhuan , Xue Lin , Li Yuling 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury is a serious complication of acute pancreatitis and significantly increases the risk of mortality. Early identification of acute kidney injury is important for medical interventions and care options. The aim of this study is to develop a predictive model that could rapidly identify high-risk population of acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis. Methods: Totally 808 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to our center from January 2015 to May 2019 were included in the study and were divided into the training (n =566) and validation (n = 242) cohorts randomly, in a 2:1 ratio. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for data dimension reduction and feature selection; then, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop the prediction model. The performance of this nomogram was evaluated with calibration and validated in the validation set. Decision curve analysis was applied to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this model. Results: Five potential predictors (BMI, RANSON score, serum uric acid, triglycerides and lactate) from 53 high‑dimensional clinical variables were incorporated to develop the prediction model of acute kidney injury. The nomogram demonstrated valuable prediction performance with AUROC of 0.994 and 0.996 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Individual risk probability was visually scored. The nomogram achieved fine calibration and good clinical usefulness. Conclusions: The proposed nomogram can help to identify high-risk population of acute kidney injury in patients with acute pancreatitis and facilitate timely individualized clinical decision‑making. Keywords: acute kidney injury; acute pancreatitis; risk factor; nomogram
Spatial patterns and associated factors’ of Early Marriage among Reproductive age women in Ethiopia: a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016
Authors: Tadesse Zemenu Tessema 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

Besides, the presence of national law, the country has to set up its own mid-term and long term goals to bring about a significant reduction in child marriages in Ethiopia. To achieve this, determining the spatial pattern of early marriage and factors associated is important for government, other concerned bodies, program implementers and policy developers to end up early childhood marriage. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the spatial patterns and associated factors of Early marriage among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

Methods

This study analyzed retrospectively a cross-sectional data on a weighted sample of 11,646 women aged 15-49 years after requesting from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 via the link www.measuredhs.com . ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to visualize spatial distribution for Early marriage. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for Early marriage in Ethiopia multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with early marriage. Finally, variables with a p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Results

In this analysis, about 62.8% (95%CI: 61.9, 63.74%) of the study participants were married before they reached 18 years. The overall median age at first marriage was 17.1 with IQR 5 years. The high clustering of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella Regions. In spatial Scan statistics 87 clusters (RR = 1.28, P-value < 0.001) significant primary clusters were identified. The associated factors of early marriage were lesser among women’s attending primary (AOR=0.60; 95%CI: 0.51, 0.71), secondary (AOR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.13, 0.26) and tertiary education (AOR=0.11; 95%CI: 0.07, 0.18). Similarly, women found in Addis Ababa were at a lesser risk of early marriage compared to other regions of the country.

Conclusion

Marriage below age 18 was high in Ethiopia. High-risk area of early marriage was located in Amhara, Afar, and Gambella and special attention should be given for identified risk areas. Therefore, providing educational opportunities to young girls was important in addition to inhibiting the marriage of girls under 18 years.
Systematic analysis of 4-gene prognostic signature in patients with diffuse gliomas based on gene expression profiles
Authors: Huang Chunhai , Xiong Zujian , Li Xuejun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Diffuse gliomas are a group of diseases that contain different degrees of malignancy and complex heterogeneity. Previous studies proposed biomarkers for certain grades of gliomas, but few of them have conducted a systematic analysis of different grades to search for molecular markers.Methods: WGCNA was used to find significant genes associated with malignant progression of diffuse glioma in TCGA glioma sequencing expression data and the GEO expression profile-merge meta dataset. Lasso regression was used for potential model building and the best model was selected by CPE, IDI and C_index. Risk score model was used to evaluate the gene signature prognostic power. Multi-omics data, including CNV, methylation, clinical traits and mutation, were used for model evaluation.Results: We find out 67 genes significantly associated with malignant progression of diffuse glioma by WGCNA. Next, we establish a new 4 gene molecular marker (KDELR2, EMP3, TIMP1, and TAGLN2). Multivariate cox analysis identified the risk score of the 4 genes as an independent predictor of prognosis in patients with diffuse gliomas, and its predictive power was independent of the histopathological grades of glioma. Further, we had confirmed in five independent test datasets and the risk score remained good predictive power. The combination of the prognosis model with specific molecular characteristics possessed better predictive power than risk score solely and we divided the low-risk group into three subtypes: LowRisk_IDH1wt, LowRisk_IDH1mut/ATRXmut, and LowRisk_IDH1mut/ATRXwt by combining IDH1 mutation with ATRX mutation, which possessed obvious survival difference. In further analysis, we found that the 4 gene prognosis model possessed multi-omics features.Conclusion: we established a malignant-related 4-gene molecular marker by glioma expression profile data from multiple microarrays and sequencing data. The four markers had good predictive power on the overall survival of glioma patients and were associated with gliomas’ clinical and genetic backgrounds, including clinical features, gene mutation, methylation, CNV, signal pathways.
Combined Effects of Lifestyle Risk Factors on Fatty Liver Index
Authors: Nivukoski Ulla , Niemelä Markus , Bloigu Aini , Bloigu Risto , Aalto Mauri , Laatikainen Tiina , Niemelä Onni 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Factors of lifestyle may have a major impact on liver-related morbidity and mortality.We examined independent and joint effects of lifestyle risk factors on fatty liver index (FLI), a biomarker of hepatic steatosis, in a population-based cross-sectional national health survey. Methods: The study included 12,368 participants (5,784 men, 6,584 women) aged 25–74 years. Quantitative estimates of alcohol use, smoking, adiposity and physical activity were used to establish a total score of risk factors, with higher scores indicating an unhealthier lifestyle. FLI was calculated based on an algorithm including body mass index, waist circumference, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and triglycerides.Results: The occurrence of FLI ≥ 60% indicating fatty liver increased from 2.4% in men with zero risk factors to 81.9% in those with a total risk score of 7–8 (p < 0.0005 for linear trend) and in women from 0% to 73.5% (p < 0.0005). The most striking individual impacts on the likelihood for FLI above 60% were observed for physical inactivity (p < 0.0005 for both genders) and alcohol consumption (p < 0.0005 for men). Interestingly, coffee consumption was also found to increase with increasing risk factor scores (p < 0.0005 for linear trend in both genders).Conclusions: The data indicates that unfavorable combinations of lifestyle risk factors lead to a high likelihood of hepatic steatosis. Use of FLI as a diagnostic tool may benefit the assessment of interventions aimed at maintaining a healthy lifestyle and prevention of liver-related morbidity.
β-glucosidase genes differentially expressed during composting
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Chen Xiehui , Li Shanshan , Su Erlie , Liu Jiawen , Gao Liyuan , Ma Bo , Li Hongtao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Cellulose degradation by cellulase is brought about by complex communities of interacting microorganism, which significantly to the cycling of carbon on a global scale. β-Glucosidase is the rate-limiting enzyme of degradation of cellulose. Thus, analysis of expression of genes involved in cellulose degradation and regulation of β-glucosidase gene expression in composting is beneficial to a better understanding of cellulose degradation mechanism. According to our previous researches, we present the hypothesis that “microbial functional communities differentially regulate the expression of glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase and glucose sensitive β-glucosidase (up or down regulation) to adapt to the changes in cellulose degradation.” Results: Here, the functional microbial community structure and function change in association with cellulose degradation during the process of natural and inoculated composts was investigated by metatranscriptome and DNA clone library. Compared with inoculated compost, cellulose degradation was obviously inhibited during natural composting. Especially, the cooling phase of natural compost exhibited carbon catabolite repression (CCR) effect due to high concentration of glucose and cellobiose. The expression of genes encoding endoglucanase and exoglucanase were significantly down-regulation, while the CCR has no effect on β-glucosidase genes expression levels. But functional microbial community composition changed significantly, the composition of glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase increased. Conclusions: These results indicated that microbial functional communities differentially regulate the expression of glucose tolerant β-glucosidase (up regulation) and non-glucose tolerant β-glucosidase (down regulation) under CCR. This work provides a frame work to predict how functional microbial communities will respond to cellulose degradation conditions changes.
Gastric tumorigenesis induced either by&nbsp;Helicobacter pylori&nbsp;infection or chronic alcohol consumption through IL-10&nbsp;inhibition
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Chakarobaty Abhijit , Liu Kandong , Yoshitomi Hisae , Li Xiang , Monts Josh , Xu Gang , Li Yonghan , Bai Ruihua , Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Alcohol is class 1 carcinogen and results in 3.3 million deaths every year. H. pylori is also an important factor for gastric carcinogen. Alcohol consumption is emerging as an important contributor to gastric cancer, but there is no direct or experimental evidence of alcohol and H. pylori infection produce gastric cancer in human and animal model alone. Here, we provide insight into the molecular mechanisms driving gastric carcinogenesis. Results Alcohol consumption, together with H. pylori infection, causes gastric cancer; interleukin-10 (IL-10) downregulation and mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction in CD8+ cells are also involved. IL-10 knockout accelerates tumor development in mice with either H. pylori infection or alcohol induced gastric cancer or both. IL-10 downregulation and CD-8+ cell dysfunction stimulates IL-1β secretion. Specifically, we show IL-10 inhibits glucose uptake and glycolysis and promotes oxidative phosphorylation with lactate inhibition. Consequently, In the absence of IL-10 signaling, CD8+ cells accumulate damaged mitochondria in a mouse model of gastric cancer induced with the combination of alcohol plus H. pylori infection, and this results in mitochondrial dysfunction and production of IL-1 β. IL-1β promotes H. pylori infection and reduces NKX6.3 gene expression, resulting in increased cancer cell survival and proliferation. Conclusions Overall, the molecular mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis include IL-10 inhibition resulting in lowered host immunity via mitochondrial dysfunction of CD8+ lymphocytes; gastric inflammation due to H. pylori infection, alcohol intake, and IL-1β production; and disruption of gastric-specific tumor suppressor NKX6.3 expression, which increases cancer cell survival and proliferation.
Genome-wide analysis of physic nut MADS-box gene family and functional characterization of the JcMADS05 gene in transgenic rice
Authors: Tang Yuehui , Wang Jian , Bao Xinxin , Wu Qian , Yang Tongwen , Li Han , Wang Wenxia , Zhang Yizhen , Bai Nannan , Guan Yaxin , Dai Jiaxi , Xie Yanjie , Li Shen , Huo Rui , Cheng Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Physic nut (Jatropha curcas), a non-edible oilseed plant, is among the most promising alternative energy sources because of its high seed oil content, rapid growth and extensive adaptability. Proteins encoded by MADS-box genes are important transcription factors involved in the regulation of plant growth, seed development and responses to abiotic stress. However, there has been no in-depth research on the MADS-box genes and their roles in physic nut. Results: In the present study, 63 MADS-box genes (JcMADSs) were identified in the physic nut genome, and classed into five groups (MIKC, Mα, Mβ, Mγ, Mδ) based on phylogenetic comparison with Arabidopsis homologs. Expression profile analysis based on RNA-seq suggested that many JcMADS genes were expressed most strongly in seeds, and seven of them responded in leaves to at least one abiotic stressor (drought and/or salinity) at one or more time points. Transient expression analysis and a transactivation assay indicated that JcMADS05 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator. Plants overexpressing JcMADS05 did not show altered plant growth, but the overexpressing plants did exhibit reductions in grain size, grain length, grain width, 1000-seed weight and yield per plant. Further data on the reduced grain size in JcMADS05-overexpressing plants supported the putative role of JcMADS genes in seed development. Conclusions: This study will be useful in understanding the involvement of MADS-box genes in growth and development in addition to their functions in abiotic stress resistance, and will ultimately form the basis for functional characterization and the exploitation of candidate genes for the genetic engineering of physic nut.