bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Oil Displacement by Countercurrent Water Imbibition
Authors: Blair P.M. 
Published: February 2020

Secondary Recovery Conference, 2–3 May, Wichita Falls, Texas

Abstract
This paper presents numerical solutions or the equations describing the imbibition of water and the countercurrent flow of oil in porous rocks. The imbibition process is of practical importance in recovery of oil from heterogeneous formations and heretofore has been studied principally by experimental means.
Calculations were made for imbibition of water into both linear and radial systems. Imbibition in the linear systems was allowed to take place through one open, or permeable, face of the porous medium studied. In the radial system, water was imbibed inward from the outer radius.
The effects on rate of imbibition of varying the capillary pressure and relative permeability curves, oil viscosity, and the initial water saturation were computed. For each case studied, the rate of water imbibition and the saturation and pressure profiles were calculated as functions of time.
The results of these calculations indicate that for the porous medium studied, the time required to imbibe a fixed volume of water of a certain viscosity is approximately proportional to the square root of the viscosity of the reservoir oil whenever the oil viscosity is greater than the water viscosity. Results are also presented illustrating the effects on rate of imbibition of the other variables studied.

Introduction
The process of imbibition, or spontaneous flow of fluids in porous media under the influence of capillary pressure gradients, occurs wherever there exist capillary pressure gradients in permeable rock which are not exactly balanced by opposing pressure gradients such as those resulting from the influence of gravity. The importance of such capillary movement in the displacement of oil by water or gas was recognized in early investigations and described by Leverett, Lewis, and True in 1942. The methods advanced by these authors for the study of the process by use of dynamically scaled models were rendered more general and flexible by the research of later workers. The influence of capillary forces in laboratory waterfloods has also been discussed by several authors.
Fear of falling and cognitive impairment in elderly with different social support levels: Findings from a community survey in Central Vietnam
Authors: Vo Thi Hue Man , Nakamura Keiko , Seino Kaoruko , Nguyen Hoang Thuy Linh , Vo Thang Van 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Fear of falling (FoF) in the elderly is one of the major public health concerns in this era of aging of the population. As there is limited evidence on how cognitive function may differ by social support level in relation to FoF among the elderly, this cross-sectional study aims to investigate the prevalence of FoF and the associations between cognitive impairment and FoF by the social support level, after adjustments for potential confounders.
Methods: Data from the “Health needs assessment of elderly in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam in 2018” survey of 725 elderly aged 60 years or older were used for analysis. FoF was assessed using the Fall Efficacy Scale - International. High FoF was defined as a score above 28. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was used to measure the perception of support. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between cognitive function and FoF by social support levels (p <0.05).
Results: The prevalence of high FoF among the elderly was 40.8%. Female gender, advanced age, a marital status of single or formerly married, living alone, history of injury, history of falls, chronic diseases (arthritis and/or hypertension), limitations of the IADL and BADL, visual difficulty and walking difficulty, low social support, and cognitive impairment were all significantly associated with a high FoF. After adjustments for the age, gender, marital status, history of falls and health-related factors, cognitive impairment remained significantly associated with a high FoF among the elderly with a low to moderate social support level (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.49-5.89), but not in those with a high social support level.
Conclusions: A high FoF was associated with impairment of cognitive function among the elderly who perceived themselves as having low or moderate support levels, even after adjustments for socio demographic and physical functional factors. However, this association was not observed among the elderly who perceived themselves as having high social support levels. Fall prevention programs for the elderly with various levels of social support should be carefully devised, keeping in mind the cognitive function levels of the target recipients.
Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores in Nepal.
Authors: Shrestha Som Kumar , Vicendese Don , Erbas Bircan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground: Evidence of the influence of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors on childhood nutritional status is inconsistent. Few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study aimed to examine associations and interactions between WASH variables and preschool child undernutrition. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 2352 children assessed during the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed by multi-variable linear regression to understand the association between height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores and WASH variables. Interactions between WASH variables, sex and area of residence on childhood nutritional status were also examined. Results: The mean z-score [standard deviation] for children’s WAZ, HAZ and WHZ scores were -1.33 [1.1], -1.52 [1.3] and -0.65 [1.1], respectively. A unit increase in cluster sanitation coverage was associated with an increase of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12 to 0.48) for WAZ and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.001 to 0.56) for HAZ scores. Household water purification practice was associated with an increase of 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.41) in WHZ score. Handwashing practice with water and soap was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95%CI: 0.04 to 0.25) in WAZ and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.01 to 0.24) in WHZ scores. The effect of water purification practice was higher for rural areas compared to urban settings for HAZ scores (p-value for interaction=0.02). Conclusions: Consistent with findings from other countries in the South Asian region, findings of this study highlight the potential importance of good WASH practices, and therefore the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to improved nutritional status in rural Nepal.
HOXB4 promotes the malignant progression of ovarian cancer via DHDDS
Authors: Li Na , Gou Jin-hai , Xiong Jiao , You Juan-juan , Li Zhengyu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Homeobox B4 (HOXB4) is correlated with poor prognosis of various cancer types. However, how HOXB4 promotes ovarian cancer (OV) progression remains unclear. Methods : The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database indicated that a high level of HOXB4 in OV was correlated with poor prognosis. The biological functions of HOXB4 were confirmed by colony formation, migration, and invasion assays. The effect of HOXB4 on the expression of EMT cell markers was determined. The transcriptional target of HOXB4 was DHDDS, which was detected by a ChIP assay. A xenograft tumor model was generated in nude mice to detect the role of HOXB4 in tumor proliferation and metastasis. Results : The results showed that HOXB4 protein levels were higher in OV tissues than in normal tissues and correlated with poor prognosis of OV. HOXB4 reduction inhibited the proliferation and invasion ability of OV cells in vitro. Conversely, these effects were enhanced by the upregulation of HOXB4 in OV cells. The binding of HOXB4 to two DNA motifs regulated DHDDS expression and contributed to the malignant progression of OV. The role of HOXB4 in contributing to tumor development in vivo was verified in mice. Further results indicated that HOXB4 induced Snail and Zeb1 expression. Conclusion : Overall, HOXB4 overexpression was remarkably correlated with poor prognosis of OV. Mechanistically, HOXB4 enhances the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by activating DHDDS, thereby promoting the malignant progression of OV.
Juvenile diet quality and intensity of sexual conflict in the mite Sancassania berlesei
Authors: Łukasiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Differing evolutionary interests of males and females may result in sexual conflict, whereby traits or behaviours that are beneficial for male reproductive success (e.g., traits related to male-male competition) are costly for females. Since sexual conflict plays an important role in areas such as speciation, population persistence or evolution of life history traits, understanding what factors modulate the intensity of sexual conflict is important. This study aims to examine juvenile diet quality as one of the underestimated ecological factors that may affect the intensity of sexual conflict via individual conditions. I used food manipulation during the development of the mite Sancassania berlesei to investigate the effects on male reproductive behaviour and competitiveness, male-induced harm to female fitness and female resistance to this harm. Results Males that were exposed to low-quality food started mating later than the control males, and number of their mating attempts were decreased compared to those of control males. Moreover, males from the low-quality diet treatment sired fewer offspring in a competitive situation than males from the control treatment. However, the fitness of females exposed to males reared on a poor diet did not differ from that of females mated with control males. Furthermore, female diet quality did not alter their resistance to male-induced harm. Conclusion Overall, diet quality manipulation affected male reproductive behaviour and mating success. However, I found no evidence that the intensity of sexual conflict in S. berlesei depends on male or female conditions. Investigating a broad range of environmental factors will provide a better understanding of sexual conflict dynamics and its feedback into associated evolutionary mechanisms.
Situations of using white lie during patient care: a qualitative study into nurses’ perspectives
Authors: nasrabadi Alireza Nikbakht , joolaee soodabeh , Navab Elham , esmaeilie Maryam , shali mahboobe 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Receiving accurate and complete information about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments is among patients’ rights in healthcare systems. Although all healthcare providers have the same viewpoint about truth-telling in the process of treatment, sometimes truths are not told to patients or they are told a “white lie”. The aim of the study was to explore nurses’ experiences of the situations of using white lie during patient care. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study was conducted in 2018. Participants were eighteen hospital nurses purposively recruited with maximum variation from ten hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Sampling and data collection were continued up to data saturation. Data analysis was done concurrently with data collection through conventional content analysis. Results: Situations of using white-lie-telling by nurses during patient care resulted in eleven subcategories and four main categories. The main categories of the study were the crisis of hope, bad news, cultural diversity, and nurses’ limited professional competence. Conclusion: Professional knowledge, skills, and experience are needed for establishing effective communication with patients and providing them with accurate information even about bitter truths. Nurses’ communication with patients needs to be established based on adequate knowledge about the cultures of patients and healthcare organizations, and should aim to maintain patients’ hope and motivation for treatments and, should help them make accurate decisions.
Genome-wide investigation of the AP2/ERF superfamily and their expression under salt stress in Chinese willow (Salix matsudana)
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Jiang Yuna , Liu Guoyuan , Yu Chunmei , Lian Bolin , Zhong Fei , Feng Wenxiang , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) play indispensable roles in plant growth, development, and especially in various abiotic stresses responses. The AP2/ERF TF family has been discovered and classified in more than 50 species, including model plants, horticulture plants, crops, and trees. Many AP2/ERF TFs from various species have been functionally characterized. However, little is known about the AP2/ERF gene family of Chinese willow (Salix matsudana), which is a tetraploid ornamental tree species that is widely planted and is also considered a species that can improve the soil salinity of coastal beaches. The recently produced whole genome sequencing data of Salix matsudana allowed us to conduct an evolutionary analysis on the AP2/ERF genes during polyploidization and study the genome-wide expression profiles of AP2/ERF genes in Salix matsudana under salt stress. Results: In this study, 364 AP2/ERF genes of Salix matsudana (SmAP2/ERF) were identified and renamed according to the chromosomal location of the SmAP2/ERF genes. After phylogenetic analysis with known categories of genes from other species, the AP2/ERF genes were divided into three subfamilies: AP2 (55 members), ERF (301 members), and RAV (six members). Two Soloist genes were also identified. Gene structure and conserved motifs were analyzed in AP2/ERF genes, and introns were not found in most genes of the ERF subfamily, although some unique motifs were found to be important for the function of AP2/ERF genes. Syntenic relationships between the SmAP2/ERF genes and AP2/ERF genes from other species were also investigated to elucidate their evolutionary relationships during polyploidization. Moreover, analyses on the expression profiles under salt stress were also conducted.Conclusion: The progenitors of Salix matsudana underwent whole genome duplication not more than 10 Mya. Synteny analysis with other species showed macrosynteny between willow and poplar AP2/ERF genes and that Salix matsudana is genetically more closely related to Populus trichocarpa than to Salix purpurea. Further investigation of the AP2/ERF TFs demonstrated that differential expression patterns during salt stress and this information can help reveal the mechanism of salt tolerance regulation in Salix matsudana.
VviERF6Ls: an expanded clade in Vitis responds transcriptionally to abiotic and biotic stresses and berry development
Authors: Toups Haley S. , Cochetel Noé , Gray Dennis , Cramer Grant R. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background VviERF6Ls are an uncharacterized gene clade in Vitis with only distant Arabidopsis orthologs. Preliminary data indicated these transcription factors may play a role in berry development and extreme abiotic stress responses. To better understand this highly duplicated, conserved clade, additional members of the clade were identified in four Vitis genotypes. A meta-data analysis was performed on publicly available microarray and RNA-Seq data (confirmed and expanded with RT-qPCR), and a Vitis VviERF6L1 overexpression line was established and characterized with phenotyping and RNA-Seq. Results A total of 18 PN40024 VviERF6Ls were identified; additional VviERF6Ls were identified in Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Carménère. The amino acid sequences of VviERF6Ls were found to be highly conserved. VviERF6L transcripts were detected in numerous plant organs and were differentially expressed in response to numerous abiotic stresses including water deficit, salinity, and cold as well as biotic stresses such as red blotch virus, N. parvum , and E. necator . VviERF6Ls were differentially expressed across stages of berry development, peaking in the pre-veraison/veraison stage, and retaining conserved expression patterns across different vineyards, years, and Vitis cultivars. Co-expression network analysis identified a scarecrow-like transcription factor and a calmodulin-like gene with highly similar expression profiles to the VviERF6L clade. Overexpression of VviERF6L1 in a Seyval Blanc background did not result in detectable morphological phenotypes. Genes differentially expressed in response to VviERF6L1 overexpression were associated with abiotic and biotic stress responses. Conclusions VviERF6Ls represent a large and distinct clade of ERF transcription factors in grapevine. The high conservation of protein sequence between these 18 transcription factors may indicate these genes originate from a duplication event in Vitis . Despite high sequence similarity and similar expression patterns, VviERF6Ls demonstrate unique levels of expression supported by similar but heterogeneous promoter sequences. VviERF6L gene expression differed between Vitis species, cultivars and organs including roots, leaves and berries. These genes respond to berry development and abiotic and biotic stresses. VviERF6L1 overexpression in Vitis vinifera results in differential expression of genes related to phytohormone and immune system signaling. Further investigation of this interesting gene family is warranted.
Engagement Complications of Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Navigating Through a Zone of Turbulence
Authors: Desrosiers Lyne , St-Jean Micheline , Laporte Lise , Lord Marie-Michèle 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Premature treatment discontinuation is a widespread phenomenon in child and adolescent mental health services that impacts treatment benefits and costs of care. Studies of specialized care for adolescents with BPD show that almost 40% of them do not complete treatment. Given that recurrence of suicidal behaviour is one of the main symptoms of BPD, and that the presence of past suicidal attempts is a strong predictor of subsequent attempts in young people, difficulties with treatment engagement in this population needs to be given special consideration. The aim of this study was to describe the process of treatment disengagement and identify warning signs that foreshadow dropouts of adolescents with BPD.Methods: A constructivist grounded theory method was used. Thirty-three interviews with 3 groups of informants (adolescent, parent, clinician) were conducted to document 11 treatment trajectories.Results: Disengagement is preceded by engagement complications, which may sometimes go unnoticed. These will unfold according to a three-step sequence starting with negative emotions associated with the appropriateness of treatment, the therapeutic relationship or the vicissitudes of treatment, followed by treatment interfering attitudes and openly disengaged behaviours. These engagement complications lead the way towards the development of a “zone of turbulence” which creates a vulnerable and unstable therapeutic process.Conclusion: Engagement complications which arise during therapy illustrate how the initial engagement of adolescents with BPD and of their parents for treatment is neither static nor certain, but subject to fluctuating emotions and perceptions. This implies that engagement can never be taken for granted and must constantly be monitored during the therapeutic process. Maintaining the engagement of adolescents with BPD should be a therapeutic objective akin to reducing symptomatology or improving psychosocial functioning, and should therefore be given the same attention.
Ultrasensitive wearable pressure sensors based on Silver nanowire-coated fabrics
Authors: Lian Yunlu , Yu He , Wang Mingyuan , Yang Xiaonan , Zhang Hefei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have attracted increasing attention due to their potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems. Herein, we present a facile approach for fabricating all-textile-based piezoresistive pressure sensor with integrated Ag nanowire-coated fabrics. It fully takes advantage of the synergistic effect of the fiber/yarn/fabric multi-level contacts, leading to the ultrahigh sensitivity of 3.24×10 5 kPa −1 at 0–10 kPa and 2.16×10 4 kPa −1 at 10–100 kPa, respectively. Furthermore, the device achieved a fast response/relaxation time (32/24 ms), and a high stability (>1000 loading/unloading cycles). Thus, such all-textile pressure sensor with high performance is expected to be applicable in the fields of smart cloths, activity monitoring and healthcare device.
Impact of coronary collateralization on long-term clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients after successful recanalization of chronic total occlusion
Authors: Yang Zhen Kun , Shen Ying , Dai Yang , Wang Xiao Qun , Hu Jian , Ding Feng Hua , Zhang Rui Yan , Lu Lin , Shen Wei Feng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: To assess the prognostic role of coronary collaterals in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO). Methods: Coronary collateralization was graded according to Rentrop scoring system in 198 type 2 diabetic patients and 335 non-diabetics with stable angina undergoing PCI for at least one CTO lesion. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined and major adverse cardio-cerebral events (MACCE) were recorded during follow-up. Results: Poor collateralization was more common in patients with T2DM than in non-diabetics (40% vs 29%, p=0.008). At 13.5±4.1 months, the rate of composite MACCE (17.3% vs 27.6%, p=0.034) and repeat revascularization (15.2% vs 25.5%, p=0.026) was lower and the increase in LVEF (3.10 % vs 1.80%, p=0.024) was greater in patients with good collaterals than in those with poor collaterals for non-diabetic group, but did not differ for T2DM group (35% vs 44%; 30% vs 36%; 2.14% vs 1.65%, respectively, all p>0.05) except for a higher all-cause mortality in diabetic patients with poor collaterals (p=0.034). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that coronary collateralization was an independent factor for time to MACCE (HR 2.155，95%CI 1.290-3.599, P=0.003) and repeat revascularization (HR 2.326, 95%CI 1.357-3.986, p=0.002) in non-diabetic patients, but did not enter the model in those with T2DM. Conclusions: T2DM is associated with reduced coronary collateralization. Successful revascularization of CTO lesions results in a mild improvement in left ventricular function, but t he status of coronary collaterals has no independent effect on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with T2DM.