bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence against trainees: urgent ethical challenges for medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine
Authors: Ayala-Yáñez Rodrigo , Ruíz-López Regina , McCullough Laurence B. , Chervenak Frank A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesViolence against medical trainees confronts medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine with urgent ethical challenges. Despite their evident importance, these ethical challenges have not received sufficient attention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an ethical framework to respond to these ethical challenges.MethodsWe used an existing critical appraisal tool to conduct a scholarly review, to identify publications on the ethical challenges of violence against trainees. We conducted web searches to identify reports of violence against trainees in Mexico. Drawing on professional ethics in perinatal medicine, we describe an ethical framework that is unique in the literature on violence against trainees in its appeal to the professional virtue of self-sacrifice and its justified limits.ResultsOur search identified no previous publications that address the ethical challenges of violence against trainees. We identified reports of violence and their limitations. The ethical framework is based on the professional virtue of self-sacrifice in professional ethics in perinatal medicine. This virtue creates the ethical obligation of trainees to accept reasonable risks of life and health but not unreasonable risks. Society has the ethical obligation to protect trainees from these unreasonable risks. Medical educators should protect personal safety. Academic leaders should develop and implement policies to provide such protection. Institutions of government should provide effective law enforcement and fair trials of those accused of violence against trainees. International societies should promulgate ethics statements that can be applied to violence against trainees. By protecting trainees, medical educators and academic leaders in perinatology will also protect pregnant, fetal, and neonatal patients.ConclusionsThis paper is the first to provide an ethical framework, based on the professional virtue of self-sacrifice and its justified limits, to guide medical educators and academic leaders in perinatal medicine who confront ethical challenges of violence against their trainees.
Hagiographie und Recht. Narrativierung von Recht und Verrechtlichung des Narrativs in der Vita des Gregor von Agrigent
Authors: Winterhager Philipp 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article examines three episodes from the Life of Gregory of Agrigento, drafted in Greek in the 9th century, in which juridical material and procedure inform the hagiographical narrative, and vice versa. It argues that both spheres depend on, and contribute to, a common ‘nomos’, an idea of the righteous, lawful and cooperative coexistence of imperial and papal power in the church of Sicily. While this coexistence is anachronistic in the hagiographer’s own times, he constructs it through the narrativization of law and the juridification of narrative.
Ein rechtsfreier Raum? Die legale Situation auf den Färöern im Spiegel der ‚Færeyinga saga‘
Authors: Schmidt Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe chapter argues for a more nuanced and empirically based understanding of the discourse on law and socio-cultural norms in Old Icelandic literature on the grounds of a narratological reading of ‘Færeyinga saga’ as a case study. It has often been claimed that Icelandic sources express an ideal of freedom based on communality as guaranteed by the law. By contrast, ‘Færeyinga saga’ represents a cynical discourse on power politics that renders law as an invariable concept obsolete and works solely on the principle that ‘might is right’. This cynicism, however, is presented in a form that leaves the narrative open to interpretation, showing that regardless of its possible dating, narrative literature can serve as a starting point for social discussion. Consequently, the discourse on law in medieval Iceland must be perceived as more polyphonic than has been allowed for by previous unifying readings in scholarship.
Gelehrtes Recht oder gelebte Praxis? Kaufleute und ihre Vertreter im späten Mittelalter
Authors: Kypta Ulla 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMerchants in late medieval Antwerp worked with a number of different representatives: They appointed proxies to trade on their behalf, to collect debts in their name or to represent them in court. If a merchant wanted to authorize another person to act on his behalf, he went to a notary who issued a letter of procuration. The article discusses the role of Roman law in these procurations. It contrasts the procurations issued by the notaries with other models for procurations found in a form book for notaries in Antwerp. The analysis comes to the conclusion that the basic idea of installing a proxy did not rely on Roman law. However, knowledge of Roman law was crucial if someone wanted to be represented in a Roman law court. Furthermore, concepts derived from Roman law were applied when complicated problems or phenomena had to be shortened to a few words. In sum, the practice of including phrases and concepts of Roman law wherever they proved useful can be regarded as a part of the lex mercatoria, the customary law of merchants.
Construction of Populism
Authors: Herkman Juha 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The terminology of populism is often taken for granted, even though the very meaning of populism is quite unclear. The article approaches populism by exploring the meanings given to the term in the Nordic press during the first parliamentary elections of the 2010s in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark. A combination of the quantitative content analysis and the qualitative frame analysis of the leading quality and popular papers is favoured. In the study of the use of populism in the British press the conclusion was that the term was used more or less explicitly in a pejorative way, although uses of the term varied and had no consistent logic. In the Nordic press recurring frames were found, but the meanings given to populism were only fully understood in their political and cultural contexts. The different life phases of the domestic populist parties as well as differences in Nordic political cultures especially explain the variation in the usage of the term.
Evaluating the water productivity by Aquacrop model of wheat under irrigation systems and algae
Authors: Mansour Hani A. , Gaballah Maybelle S. , Nofal Osama A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOne of the most important simulation models in the field of water produc"tivity (WP) management in the world is the Aquacrop model, which depends on many factors and conditions related to climate, soil, irrigation water, etc. Aquacrop model program simulates vegetative growth and the yield of both grains, biomass and irrigation WP. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Aquacrop model of two Egyptian wheat varieties, Gemeza-9 (G-9) and Misr-1 (M-1), under the two modern irrigation systems, sprinkler and drip, and the application of algae solution. Experiment location of fieldwork for this research was in El-Nubaria area, El-Beheira Governorate, and Aquacrop in Egypt. Results obtained show that under both irrigation systems, the deviation percentages between simulated by Aquacrop and observed WP values were 40.6% and 68.34%, in the case of using untreated algae and treated algae, respectively. From LSD 0.05% values, there are significant differences between all study factors (irrigation system, wheat varieties, and applied algae). Moreover, the interactions between all factors were significant under wheat grain yield of two varieties but no significant differences were found under observed or simulated WP by the Aquacrop model. It can be concluded that it is possible to recommend to use the Aquacrop simulation model for different wheat varieties in the future, to predict the WP in these semi-arid areas, especially under different irrigation systems (Bradford and Hsiao 1982; Entz et al. 1992; Johnston et al. 2002; Heng et al. 2009; Araya et al. 2010; Bennett and Harms 2011).
An explicit representation for the axisymmetric solutions of the free Maxwell equations
Authors: Arminjon Mayeul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGaray-Avendaño and Zamboni-Rached defined two classes of axisymmetric solutions of the free Maxwell equations. We prove that the linear combinations of these two classes of solutions cover all totally propagating time-harmonic axisymmetric free Maxwell fields – and hence, by summation on frequencies, all propagating axisymmetric free Maxwell fields. It provides an explicit representation for these fields. This will be important, e.g., to have the interstellar radiation field in a disc galaxy modeled as an exact solution of the free Maxwell equations.
Prognostic effects of SuPAR and Neopterin Levels on Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Yalcin Selim , Demir Mehmet Emin , Ozturk Reyhan , Kılınç Aytün Şadan , Suer Hatice , Karahan Irfan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background: Two unique biomarkers, soluble form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and neopterin, play a crucial role in inflammatory processes. This study aimed to reveal whether it is possible to utilize these biomarkers in predicting tumor prognosis in patients with lung cancers.

Methods: The present study was designed as a single center, prospective, and controlled research. The study was conducted with forty patients with lung cancer (case group) and 41 healthy individuals (control group) in Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Medicine between 2016-2020. The case group was also divided into two of the early and advanced stages. The blood samples were drawn to evaluate suPAR and neopterin levels, and these parameters were compared between the case and control groups. Also, the prognostic effects of age, stage of the tumor, and the levels of mentioned parameters were investigated with the survival analysis.

Results: The median duration of the follow-up was 32 (4-75) months. suPAR and neopterin levels were found to be higher in the case group than in the control group. Cox regression showed that the high levels of neopterin and suPAR increased mortality risk [p=0.002, HR: 1.25 (1.08-1.45 95%CI) and p=0.023, HR:1.07 (1.01-1.13), respectively]. Finally, age and stage of the tumor were found to have no relationship with survival.

Conclusion: suPAR and neopterin as members of the inflammatory pathway were found to be higher in cancer cases. Furthermore, both suPAR and neopterin levels were found to be predictive for the mortality of patients with lung cancers; therefore, they are thought to be used for the management of cancer.
En complément à la géocritique et la géopolitique, la géoesthétique : L’influence des lieux sur la réception sémiotique
Authors: Poirier-Roy Arthur 
Published: July 2020

Résumé
Cet article a pour objectif d’introduire la géoesthésique, une approche des sciences de la culture traitant des interactions entre l’espace et la réception sémiotique. Le tournant spatial des arts et des sciences de la fin du vingtième a inspiré la création de plusieurs nouvelles approches liées à l’espace et au territoire. La Géopoétique de Kenneth White, la Géocritique de Westphal et plus tard de Prieto et Tally, la Géoesthétique de Quirós et Imhoff et éventuellement même la géosymbolique travaillée par Mario Bédard et Christiane Lahaie (2008). C’est en remarquant l’absence, parmi toutes ces approches, d’une approche dont le point central serait, non pas l’espace, mais la réception, et son lien avec l’espace, que Louis Hébert nous a suggérer de concevoir et de rédiger les prémisses d’une telle approche. La géoesthésique serait ainsi une approche pratique et expérimentale grâce à laquelle on pourrait observer l’impact que peut avoir l’espace sur la réception sémiotique d’un élément donné ou l’influence d’une réception sémiotique donnée sur la perception d’un espace fixe.
Erector spinae plane and intra thecal opioid (ESPITO) analgesia in radical nephrectomy utilising a rooftop incision: novel alternative to thoracic epidural analgesia and systemic morphine: a case series
Authors: Ratnayake Ashani , Goh Lihxuan , Woolsey Lee , Thawale Roshan , Jackson Benjamin L. , Niraj G. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Open radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava exploration through a roof top incision involves significant peri-operative morbidity including severe postoperative pain. Although thoracic epidural analgesia provides excellent pain relief, recent trends suggest search for effective alternatives. Systemic morphine is often used as an alternative analgesic technique. However, it does not provide dynamic analgesia and can often impede recovery in patients undergoing major surgery on the abdomen. The authors present the first report of a novel analgesic regimen in this cohort with good outcomes.

Methods
Five patients undergoing open radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava exploration received erector spinae plane infusion and intra thecal opioid analgesia at a tertiary care university teaching hospital. Outcomes included dynamic analgesia, length of hospital stay and complications

Results
Five adult patients undergoing major upper abdominal surgery, who refused thoracic epidural analgesia, received erector spinae plane infusion and intrathecal opioid analgesia. Patients reported effective dynamic analgesia, minimal use of rescue analgesia, early ambulation and enhanced recovery.

Conclusion
The novel regimen that avoids both epidural analgesia and systemic morphine can be an option in enabling enhanced recovery in this cohort.
Immobility and Motion in Colluthus’The Abduction of Helen
Authors: Karavas Orestis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe poets of that time seek to find a way to engrave their names on the wall of immortality through their works. One way of achieving this was by “filling in the gaps” Homer left in his poems, or continuing through them the stories he started. Colluthus, a Greek poet of Egypt, who lived under the reign of Anastasius (5th-6th centuries AD), is known as the author of the short poem The Abduction of Helen. This “prequel” to the Iliad comes after a very long tradition of legends concerning the beginning of the war of Troy. In the present paper I will study how Colluthus uses his characters’ immobility and motion in The Abduction of Helen. I will show that motion always causes a catastrophe, whereas immobility is a synonym for forced inaction or imprisonment.
A novel approach for the discrimination of culture medium from Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) overexpressing colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tunçer Sinem , Gurbanov Rafig 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The expression level of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is assumed as a prognostic marker for several tumor types, including colorectal cancer. Therefore, the determination of pre- and post-therapy levels of VEGF appears to have great value in the assessment of tumor prognosis. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is commonly used for the determination of serum or plasma VEGF levels, but the method is costly and time-consuming. In this study, we aimed to describe a rapid and cost-effective analysis method to discriminate VEGF overexpressing colorectal cancer-derived conditioned medium (CM).

Methods
Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)-Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), was used to differentiate VEGF overexpressing colorectal cancer cell line CM from CM obtained from the corresponding control cells which express and secrete relatively lower amount of VEGF.

Results
Samples belong to VEGF overexpressing colorectal cancer cells were clearly distinguished from the control group with very high PC scores as PC1 + PC2 = 96%. Besides, a 100% accurate distinction between these two groups was achieved by the LDA analysis.

Conclusions
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition techniques was able to discriminate CM of VEGF overexpressing colorectal cancer cells with high efficiency and accuracy.
New compounds of the Li2
MSn3S8 type
Authors: Heppke Eva M. , Mahadevan Shamini , Lerch Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The substitution of Cu/Ag by lithium in complex thiospinels with the general formula A
I
2
B
II
C
IV
3
X
VI
8 was achieved by ball milling and a subsequent annealing step in an atmosphere of H2S. Four hitherto unknown compounds Li2
MSn3S8 with M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni were obtained without side phases and have been structurally investigated. From X-ray powder diffraction experiments, space group Fd

3
¯

$\overline{3}$

m and a spinel-type structure are suggested. In these so-called normal spinels, lithium occupies one eighth of the tetrahedral voids (Wyckoff position 8a) of the cubic closest packing of the sulfide ions whereas M and Sn can be found on one half of the octahedral voids (Wyckoff position 16d).
(In)dependence of a PhD Student in Shaping the Research Route on the Basis of the Act on Higher Education and Science
Authors: Florczak Izabela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Pursuant to the Act on higher education and science, PhD students are educated at a doctoral school. The PhD student prepares a dissertation under the supervision of a supervisor (sometimes also an auxiliary supervisor) leading his scientific path based on the training program and individual research plan. The research work of the doctoral student remains independent as it was in the previous legal reality. However, the degree of PhD students` impact on the research path is much greater. A PhD student remains part of the institutionalized system, in which he has to perform certain duties and through which he is evaluated for the progress of his research. The PhD students` dependence is also related to non-legal factors – individual personnel relations. The presented text covers the situation of the doctoral student on all the above mentioned criteria creating a coherent picture of his (in)dependence in shaping the research route.
The New Regulation of the Employment Relationship of Academic Teachers – Contentious Issues
Authors: Dubowik Anna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Law on Higher Education and Science of 2018 is the ninth act regulating the employment of academic teachers in Poland. This Act does not introduce a breakthrough in the model of employing academic teachers although it introduces significant changes. They concern the employment contract as the basis of the employment relationship or a new catalogue of academic teacher positions. The new regulations raise a number of doubts regarding e.g. the duties of academic teachers, the impact of public or private status of the university on the situation of employees and intertemporal issues. These issues were analysed in the article.
Mujeres y homoerotismo femenino en la Antigua Grecia. Del oikos a la polis y las grietas del sistema falogocéntrico
Authors: Rueda Gámez Belén 
Published: July 2020

En el último siglo, la filosofía ha puesto en cuestionamiento los presupuestos que le daban vida épocas atrás, destacando la crítica al logocentrismo. En esta corriente que propone una revisión crítica de la historia del pensamiento occidental, la filósofa Hélène Cixous ha sido reconocida por haber indagado en una asociación peculiar, repetida y perpetuada entre el logos –como centro del conocimiento– y la masculinidad hegemónica, acuñando así un diagnóstico latente en todo abordaje teórico de la realidad en la historia occidental al que denominó falo-logo-centrismo.
Continuando con esta línea de sospecha, este escrito pretende indagar en la inclusión paulatina del pensamiento logocéntrico en la Antigua Grecia, a través de dos cauces que se van a distinguir: el plano sociopolítico que tiene lugar a través del paso del oikos a la polis, y el cauce cultural en el que se manifiesta la paulatina introducción de un modo de pensamiento logocéntrico en el mundo griego. A su vez, se va a describir la posición y la figura encarnada por las mujeres en uno y otro contexto, subrayando como la inclusión del logos en el pensamiento griego codifica la exclusión social de las mujeres a la par que las recluye de esta nueva tendencia de pensamiento. Por último, se pretende exponer cómo esta supeditación femenina es susceptible de ser revertida. Esta reversión se expone mediante las transgresiones que supusieron las relaciones homoeróticas entre mujeres que, escaparon y no se dejaron acotar por una nueva forma de orden que comenzaba a copar lo ético y lo político: el logos.
LOS MAIN GOALS AND PRINCIPLES OF HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS INTEGRATION IN EHEA COUNTRIES
Authors: Novikova Nina , Polyakov Konstantin 
Published: July 2020

The authorsp rovide information on educational systems of the EU countries in the context of harmonization of educational systems of European Higher Education Area countries. The article discloses the main directions of education integration aimed at achieving general strategic goals set in Paris Communiqué and Statement of the Fifth Bologna Policy Forum, signed in Paris in 2018 during the Ministerial Conference and the Bologna Policy Forum.
The problems of the internationalization of education, the basic principles of the integration of higher education and study programmes aimed at ensuring quality of training in European higher education area is considered. Particular attention is paid to existing approaches to guarantee the quality of higher education and the formation of quality assessment systems at the international, national and regional levels to create the conditions for sound quality management of education. The features of changes in foreign and Russian education related to the Bologna process and to the development of European integration in higher education are shown.
Produkt- und Beratungsanforderungen nachhaltiger Geldanlagen – Im Spannungsfeld zwischen Anlegerschutz und Praktikabilität
Authors: Kruse Oliver , Winter Jens 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Zur Erreichung der EU-Klima- und Energieziele bis zum Jahre 2030 hat die Europäische Kommission im Jahre 2018 einen Aktionsplan zur Finanzierung nachhaltigen Wachstums in der EU vorgelegt. Die EU-Kommission geht davon aus, dass die dafür jährlich notwendigen Mittel i. H. v. 180 Mrd. € pro Jahr nicht nur von öffentlichen, sondern auch von privaten Investoren aufzubringen sind. Der Aktionsplan sieht deshalb vor, dass künftig ESG-Präferenzen in der Finanzberatung bei Privatanlegern mit Hilfe eines Klassifizierungssystem für nachhaltige Tätigkeiten – die sog. EU-Taxonomie – zu berücksichtigen sind. Der Beitrag ermittelt den aktuellen Diskussionsstand durch Einbeziehung von Experten. Aufbauend darauf werden Anforderungen und Handlungsempfehlungen für ein regulatorisches Umsetzungskonzept entwickelt.
Nepriklausomos žiniasklaidos vaidmuo Baltarusijos alternatyvaus viešumo kūryboje
Authors: Martinovičius Viktoras 
Published: July 2020

Straipsnyje autorius aptaria Baltarusijos žiniasklaidos sistemos prieštaringumą – ir ekonominį, ir teisinį. Atskleisdamas šią problemą, autorius padaro įžvalgų apie būsimą ir galimą šios sistemos kaitą.
Periodinės žiniasklaidos ir viešosios sferos santykis – dvejopas. Viena vertus, ji diktuoja elgsenas, vertybes, naudoja kitas diktato rūšis ir tai trukdo viešosios erdvės savitvarkai. Kita vertus, ji yra viena iš viešos raiškos vietų, tarpininkas tarp jos bendraujančių atstovų, vienu iš būtinų viešumo komponentų. Baltarusijoje padėtis tarp viešos sferos ir žiniasklaidos ypatinga ir lemiama padėties pačiose žiniasklaidos priemonėse. Taigi aptardami santykius tarp pirmojo ir antrojo fenomeno, išnagrinėsime masinės informacijos priemonių padėtį Baltarusijos Respublikoje. Autorius atkreipia dėmesį į tai, kokie valstybės reguliuojamoje žiniasklaidos rinkoje produktai yra matomi ir nematomi (formaliai „neuždrausti“), tačiau kai kuriems pasiekti reikalinga fizinių ir intelektualinių pastangų: t. y. žinoti, kur rasti ir pasirengti suprasti turinį.
Esminiai žodžiai: atstovaujamoji žiniasklaida, Baltarusijos žiniasklaidos rinka, masinės informavimo priemonės (MIP), vienišumo aspektas, žiniasklaidos donorai.