bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive inertia and proactive influencing towards sustainability: systems analysis of a frontrunner city
Authors: Irvine Sigourney , Bai Xuemei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith an increasingly urban population, cities have an important role to play in global environmental sustainability. Cities engaged in pioneering and ongoing sustainability experimentation—the frontrunners—can lead the way towards sustainability transition, and often become the beacon for others to follow. However, the nature and the internal dynamics that make a city a frontrunner, or the role of frontrunner cities in sustainability transition beyond their boundary, remain unclear. In addition, most studies on the influence of these frontrunners are limited to passive influencing, i.e. how the practice has been duplicated by others, or how the practice is adopted and mainstreamed into system level. Based on in-depth case studies on a frontrunner city and two other cities influenced by it, this paper examines how momentum for positive changes has been initiated, built, and sustained towards changing the status quo of practice through a succession of actors and a series of reinforcing feedback loops. We argue that creating apositive inertiathrough sustained momentum and embedding the frontrunner identity in a city is essential for it to continue the process of sustainability transition. Frontrunners can create flow-on benefits for other cities through aproactive influencing. Supported by multiple two-way benefits, suchproactive influencingis a new mechanism of mainstreaming and up-scaling urban sustainability experiments in system innovation and transition.
Transformation of urban brownfields through co-creation: the multi-functional Lene-Voigt Park in Leipzig as a case in point
Authors: Kabisch Nadja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWith pressure from urbanisation and climate change, urban planning is challenged by pursuing the vision of a sustainable, resilient and healthy city while maintaining existing and developing new urban green spaces. Brownfield re-development may be one direction for sustainable and healthy urban development. Using the case of a former railway in the city of Leipzig, Germany, this perspective paper highlights that the involvement of a multitude of actors including the local population of different age groups, community groups, urban planners, designers and researchers as part of an intensive co-creation process is required for the transformation of a brownfield into a multifunctional park. In retrospect (15 years after its opening), the diversity of use opportunities of the Lene-Voigt Park has led to broad acceptance and a frequent use by the city’s residents. However, not all co-created ideas worked out the way they were originally intended. Therefore, it is recommended that potential barriers including path-dependencies, safety concerns and expected future developments in the demographic and urban development structure should be considered in the co-creation of a transformation project. Flexible strategies reflecting the development over time may help adapting the use opportunities and improving park quality further.
Exploring the potential for “urban air quality transition management” in the EU – lessons from the City of Aachen (Germany)
Authors: Szabo-Müller Paul 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAir pollution is one of the most important global sustainability and health challenges. In response to this, the European Union (EU) initiated with its Directive 2008/50/EC a new era of (urban) air quality management (UAQM) and introduced air quality plans and short term action plans as major formal planning instruments. However, these efforts still fail to achieve their target. Independently, sustainability transitions research emerged as a major science field, suggesting urban transition management (UTM) as an effective governance and planning approach for steering transformative urban change. Hence, the overall query this paper puts forward is, whether UAQM could be enhanced by UTM? This leads to an empirical and a conceptual question: 1) How transformative is current UAQM, i.e. how does it contribute to a transition process? 2) How could UAQM and UTM be combined to create an ‘urban air quality transition management’? Drawing on a conceptual discussion of both frameworks, an explorative case study of UAQM in the EU and the City of Aachen (Germany) reveals that UAQM and UTM seem to have many similarities at a superficial level, but differ significantly in detail. They are mostly complementary because each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses, so that neither of them could achieve the targeted transition alone. Future research should therefore focus on comparative transformative research in ‘urban air quality transition management labs’ to develop integrated approaches. Policy should both legally facilitate such experiments and deliver sufficient funding for enhanced UAQM in general.
Handle with care: navigating the pluriformity of power to enable actionable knowledge for transitions in informal settlements in the global south
Authors: Schipper Karlijn , Silvestri Giorgia , Wittmayer Julia M. , Isoke Jenifer B. , Kulabako Robinah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis Perspective positions urban challenges in informal settlements in the Global South as a question of how to coproduce actionable knowledge for sustainability transitions, and how this relates to power issues. The aim is to inform those who are actively working on sustainability transitions in practice how to navigate the pluriform ways power matters in transitions. Also as a way to reflect on one’s doings and as a starting point to develop research and/or policy programs that enable alternative solutions. This Perspective is based on fieldwork in three informal settlements in Kampala and focusses specifically on sustainability issues related to gaining access to, maintenance and control of water services. We highlight the importance of challenging dominant frames of places and communities, coproducing dynamic maps of power relations and interdependencies related to a specific urban challenge and taking into account the contextualized understanding of power relations within a political system.
Aberrant p16 methylation as an early diagnostic marker in blood of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Seif Arig Aly , Aly Heba Hassan , Elzoghby Doaa Mostafa , Elbreedy Ashraf Mohammed , Lotfy Mohamed 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is currently used for serologic screening in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but with low sensitivity ranging 41–65% with a high rate of false-negative and false-positive results. For the hypermethylation of the p16 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (p16INK4A), a tumor suppressor gene results in the uncontrolled division of cells. This suggests that the loss of p16INK4A function due to promoter methylation may be an early event in HCC pathogenesis so the study aimed to assess aberrant p16INK4A gene methylation as an early diagnostic marker in HCC patients.

Results
Our study revealed a highly significant increase of p16INK4A methylation in patients versus controls (Fisher, 36.11; p < 0.01). P16INK4A methylation was detected in 86.6% (26/30) and none of the controls were methylated (100% specificity) compared to the low sensitivity of AFP 65.38% at a cutoff value of 28 ng/mL. Data revealed non-significant difference of p16INK4A methylation status between different HCC Barcelona stages (Fisher, 0.055; p > 0.05). While, AFP levels were statistically significantly higher in stages B and C (median = 243,400 ng/mL, respectively, when compared to stage A (median = 10 ng/mL) (H:16.667, p < 0.01)).

Conclusion
Early diagnosis of HCC can be achieved through the detection of p16INK4A gene methylation in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients with normal serum AFP especially in known cirrhotic patients that deteriorate clinically without apparent etiology.
NANOG and LIN28 dramatically improve human cell reprogramming by modulating LIN41 and canonical WNT activities
Authors: Wang Ling , Su Yue , Huang Chang , Yin Yexuan , Chu Alexander , Knupp Alec , Tang Young 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Human cell reprogramming remains extremely inefficient and the underlying mechanisms by different reprogramming factors are elusive. We found that NANOG and LIN28 (NL) synergize to improve OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM)-mediated reprogramming by ∼76-fold and shorten reprogramming latency by at least 1 week. This synergy is inhibited by GLIS1 but reinforced by an inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L (iDOT1L) to a ∼127-fold increase in TRA-1-60-positive (+) iPSC colonies. Mechanistically, NL serve as the main drivers of reprogramming in cell epithelialization, the expression of Let-7 miRNA target LIN41, and the activation of canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling, which can be further enhanced by iDOT1L treatment. LIN41 overexpression in addition to OSKM similarly promoted cell epithelialization and WNT activation in reprogramming, and a dominant-negative LIN41 mutation significantly blocked NL- and iDOT1L-enhanced reprogramming. We also found that NL- and iDOT1L-induced canonical WNT activation facilitates the initial development kinetics of iPSCs. However, a substantial increase in more mature, homogeneous TRA-1-60+ colony formation was achieved by inhibiting WNT activity at the middle-to-late-reprogramming stage. We further found that LIN41 can replace LIN28 to synergize with NANOG, and that the coexpression of LIN41 with NL further enhanced the formation of mature iPSCs under WNT inhibition. Our study established LIN41 and canonical WNT signaling as the key downstream effectors of NL for the dramatic improvement in reprogramming efficiency and kinetics, and optimized a condition for the robust formation of mature human iPSC colonies from primary cells.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Usefulness of a deep learning system for diagnosing Sjögren’s syndrome using ultrasonography images
Authors: Kise Yoshitaka , Shimizu Mayumi , Ikeda Haruka , Fujii Takeshi , Kuwada Chiaki , Nishiyama Masako , Funakoshi Takuma , Ariji Yoshiko , Fujita Hiroshi , Katsumata Akitoshi , Yoshiura Kazunori , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a deep learning system for the detection of Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) in ultrasonography (US) images, and compared it with the performance of inexperienced radiologists.Methods:100 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SjS according to both the Japanese criteria and American-European Consensus Group criteria and 100 non-SjS patients that had a dry mouth and suspected SjS but were definitively diagnosed as non-SjS were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent US scans of both the parotid glands (PG) and submandibular glands (SMG). The training group consisted of 80 SjS patients and 80 non-SjS patients, whereas the test group consisted of 20 SjS patients and 20 non-SjS patients for deep learning analysis. The performance of the deep learning system for diagnosing SjS from the US images was compared with the diagnoses made by three inexperienced radiologists.Results:The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the deep learning system for the PG were 89.5, 90.0 and 89.0%, respectively, and those for the inexperienced radiologists were 76.7, 67.0 and 86.3%, respectively. The deep learning system results for the SMG were 84.0, 81.0 and 87.0%, respectively, and those for the inexperienced radiologists were 72.0, 78.0 and 66.0%, respectively. The AUC for the inexperienced radiologists was significantly different from that of the deep learning system.Conclusions:The deep learning system had a high diagnostic ability for SjS. This suggests that deep learning could be used for diagnostic support when interpreting US images.
Interventions to improve linear growth during exclusive breastfeeding life-stage for children aged 0-6 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network and pairwise meta-analyses
Authors: Park Jay J. H. , Siden Ellie , Harari Ofir , Dron Louis , Mazoub Reham , Jeziorska Virginia , Zannat Noor-E , Gadalla Heather , Thorlund Kristian , Mills Edward J. 
Published: December 2019

Background:Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is critical for child’s linear growth. While there is strong evidence in favor of EBF, the evidence with regards to other interventions for linear growth is unclear. We evaluated intervention domains of micronutrients, food supplements, deworming, maternal education, water sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and kangaroo care, for their comparative effectiveness on linear growth.Methods:For this review, we searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of the interventions provided to infants aged 0-6 months and/or their breastfeeding mothers in low- and middle-income countries reporting on length-for-age z-score (LAZ), stunting, length, and head circumference. We searched for reports published until September 17th, 2019 and hand-searched bibliographies of existing reviews. For LAZ and stunting, we used network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effects of all interventions except for kangaroo care, where we used pairwise meta-analysis to compare its effects versus standard-of-care. For length and head circumference, we qualitatively summarized our findings.Results:We found 29 RCTs (40 papers) involving 35,119 mother and infant pairs reporting on the effects of aforementioned interventions on linear growth outcomes. Our NMA on LAZ found that compared to standard-of-care, multiple micronutrients administered to infants (MMN-C) improved LAZ (mean difference: 0.20; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.03,0.35), whereas supplementing breastfeeding mothers with MMN did not (MMN-M, mean difference: -0.02, 95%CrI: -0.18,0.13). No interventions including MMN-C (relative risk: 0.74; 95%CrI: 0.36,1.44) reduced risk for stunting compared to standard-of-care. Kangaroo care, on the other hand, improved head circumference (mean difference: 0.20 cm/week; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.09,0.31 cm/week) and length (mean difference: 0.23 cm/week; 95%CI: 0.10,0.35 cm/week) compared to standard-of-care. Conclusion:Our study found important improvements for kangaroo care, but we did not find sufficient evidence for other interventions.Registration:PROSPEROCRD42018110450; registered on 17 October 2018.
Value of High-Quality Logistics: Evidence from a Clash Between SF Express and Alibaba
Authors: Cui Ruomeng , Li Meng , Li Qiang 
Published: December 2019

Consumers regard product delivery as an important service component that influences their shopping decisions on online retail platforms. Delivering products to customers in a timely and reliable manner enhances customer experience and companies’ profitability. In this research, we explore the extent to which customers value a high-quality delivery experience when shopping online. Our identification strategy exploits a natural experiment: a clash between SF Express and Alibaba, the largest private logistics service provider with the highest reputation in delivery quality in China and the largest online retail platform in China, respectively. The clash resulted in Alibaba unexpectedly removing SF Express as a shipping option from Alibaba’s retail platform for 42 hours in June 2017. Using a difference-in-differences design, we analyze the market performance of 129,448 representative stock-keeping units on Alibaba to quantify the economic value of a high-quality delivery service to sales, product variety, and logistics rating. We find that the removal of the high-quality delivery option from Alibaba’s retail platform reduced sales by 14.56% during the clash, increased the contribution of long-tail to total sales—sales dispersion—by 3%, but did not impact the variety and logistics rating of sold products. Furthermore, we also identify product characteristics that attenuate the value of high-quality logistics and find that the removal of SF Express is more obstructive for (1) star products as compared with long-tail products because the same star products are likely to be supplied by competing retail platforms that customers can easily switch to, (2) expensive products because customers need a reliable delivery service to protect their valuable items from damage or loss, and (3) less-discounted products because customers are more willing to sacrifice the service quality over a price markdown. This paper was accepted by Victor Martínez-de-Albéniz, operations management.
Why does radial head arthroplasty fail today? A systematic review of recent literature
Authors: Viveen Jetske , Kodde Izaak F. , Heijink Andras , Koenraadt Koen L. M. , van den Bekerom Michel P. J. , Eygendaal Denise 
Published: December 2019

Since the introduction of the radial head prosthesis (RHP) in 1941, many designs have been introduced. It is not clear whether prosthesis design parameters are related to early failure. The aim of this systematic review is to report on failure modes and to explore the association between implant design and early failure. A search was conducted to identify studies reporting on failed primary RHP. The results are clustered per type of RHP based on: material, fixation technique, modularity, and polarity. Chi-square tests are used to compare reasons for failure between the groups. Thirty-four articles are included involving 152 failed radial head arthroplasties (RHAs) in 152 patients. Eighteen different types of RHPs have been used. The most frequent reasons for revision surgery after RHA are (aseptic) loosening (30%), elbow stiffness (20%) and/or persisting pain (17%). Failure occurs after an average of 34 months (range, 0–348 months; median, 14 months). Press-fit prostheses fail at a higher ratio because of symptomatic loosening than intentionally loose-fit prostheses and prostheses that are fixed with an expandable stem (p < 0.01). Because of the many different types of RHP used to date and the limited numbers and evidence on early failure of RHA, the current data provide no evidence for a specific RHP design.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:659-667. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180099
SWIR nightglow radiation detection around room temperature with depletion-engineered HgCdTe on alternative substrates
Authors: Livanelioglu Can , Ozer Yıgıt , Kocaman Serdar 
Published: December 2019

Night vision applications utilize the reflected nightglow radiation in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) atmospheric window. Nevertheless, the low light intensity values require dark current densities on the order of

n
A

/

c
m

2

for detection around room temperature. Currently, with new device architectures and developments in growth and surface passivation, very low dark current density values are achievable for 1.7 µm cutoff InGaAs detectors near room temperature, and such detectors seem to be the leading choice for the nightglow detection applications. On the other hand, HgCdTe has not been thoroughly investigated for low-cost nightglow detection with 1.7 µm cutoff, primarily due to its manufacture expenses for lattice-matched CdZnTe growth. In this study, we analyze the nightglow radiation detecting performance of the alternative substrate HgCdTe detectors near room temperature (

T

=

270

K

) using computer simulations. It is assessed that alternative substrate HgCdTe cannot attain the required dark current density values due to Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination in the depletion region, if the heterojunction photodiode structure is adopted. To overcome the problem, depletion-engineered devices are designed where the depletion region is embedded within a larger bandgap HgCdTe, which suppresses the depletion region SRH

∼

1300

times. This reduces the dark current density to the desired order, for SRH lifetimes achievable with alternative substrate growth. Dark current densities as low as

0.26

n
A

/

c
m

2

are shown to be possible for an SRH lifetime of

τ
=

3

µ

s

while maintaining the quantum efficiency

∼

85

%

. With this approach benefiting from alternative substrates and depletion engineering, HgCdTe can achieve InGaAs nightglow imaging performances near room temperature, and can benefit from less costly manufacture and broader application capability for nightglow radiation detection.
Multipurpose thermoresponsive hydrogel: a platform for dynamic holographic display
Authors: Khalid Ata Ur Rahman , Liu Juan , Han Yu , Ullah Naeem , Jia ShiQi , Wang Yongtian 
Published: December 2019

Metamaterials have shown great promise for manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves, thus opening new routes for the progression of flat optics. However, postfabrication fixed structures hinder the dynamic manipulation of light. Dynamic control of EM light has been realized through different mechanisms including electrical gating, optical pumping, mechanical actuation, and temperature stimulation. Here, we are first proposing the plasmonic-resonators-mounted thermoresponsive free-standing hydrogel for holographic display that swells and collapses laterally by temperature. By taking leverage of reversible switching of the hydrogel, we numerically examine the polarization-insensitive dynamic holographic switch by a plasmonic-rings/discs-loaded hydrogel in reflection as a primary application. Second, we observe the transmissive functionality of a plasmonic-sector-resonators-mounted hydrogel, which displays a persistent holographic image under swelling and collapsing conditions. This work demonstrates the potential of a resonators-loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel for EM wave manipulation including dynamic holography, active lensing, switching, and so on.
Empirical Analysis of Financial and Non-Financial Risks of the Commercial Bank
Authors: Tsintsadze Asie , Glonti Vladimer , Oniani Lela , Ghoghoberidze Tamar 
Published: December 2019

Background: Activities of commercial banks are connected with numerous risks, the source of which is the internal and external processes of the bank. Objectives: Risk management science has been studying the origins of the risks, determining their impact quality and avoiding expected loss models from the 1950s. Method/Approach: Credit risk regressive analysis is based on the selection of effective factors, determination of their influence and prediction of future according to the correlation coefficient. Results/Findings: In the article, it is discussed the regressive analysis of operational risk. Conclusion: The effect of credit and operational risks on the financial results of the Bank is based on the results obtained and recommendations have been developed to increase risk management efficiency. Keywords: credit risk, operational risk, regressive analysis, risk management, forecasting.
Il Concetto della Giustizia Secondo l'Alligatore di Massimo Carlotto
Authors: Mohamed Lamiaa Aly Mosselhy 
Published: December 2019

Through the hard-boiled work of Massimo Carlotto, the research verifies the concept of justice according to his protagonist, the Alligator, an ex-musician, ex-convict and a new private detective. This character discovers a conspiracy well managed years ago in order to save the real guilty person, Mugwump’s son, from a murder and send to prison another one instead of him. This new fact (motivates/ urges/ forces) to him decide to declare the (victim’s/ imprisoned man’s) innocence and restore his dignity back to him. The power of a corrupted lobby and his past as an ex-prisoner prevent him to present evidence, not always collected by legal means, to justice, so he decides to achieve justice by his own and innovative tools in addition to using his own distinguished skills. In the introduction, I elaborated the reasons of choosing a modern writer like Carlotto. The first chapter is dedicated to the characteristics of this gender of mystery work and I provided examples through the writer’s work. In the second chapter, I underlined the skills and the modality which reflect the concept of justice adopted by the writer. Finally in the third chapter, I discussed about Carlotto’s style. Keywords.Carlotto; Alligatore; giustizia; stampa; hard boiled; delitti.