bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placentas From Women of Advanced Maternal Age
Authors: Torous Vanda F. , Roberts Drucilla J. 
Published: February 2020

Context.—The percentage of pregnant women with advanced maternal age (AMA) has increased during the past several decades due to various socioeconomic factors and advances in assisted reproduction. These pregnancies are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, the underlying placental pathology has not been well described.Objective.—To investigate the placental histopathology associated with AMA pregnancies.Design.—Placental pathology from 168 AMA women 35 years or older at delivery was reviewed. The cases were subdivided into 2 age subgroups, ages 35 to 39 and 40 or older, as well as a “pure AMA” subgroup where the only indication for placental examination was AMA. A group of 60 consecutive non-AMA placentas was also identified and used as comparison. The spectrum of histologic features in each case was catalogued.Results.—Of the overall AMA cases, meconium deposition was seen in 55% (93 of 168), chorangiosis in 40% (68 of 168), and acute chorioamnionitis in 36% (60 of 168). Fetal vascular malperfusion was also seen with high frequency (30%; 50 of 168). Two histologic alterations found to be significantly different between the 35 to 39 and greater than 40 age subgroups were fetal vascular malperfusion (11% [7 of 65] versus 42% [43 of 103]; P = .001) and delayed villous maturation (1.5% [1 of 65] versus 13% [13 of 103]; P = .02). The pure AMA subgroup showed no statistically significant differences compared with the overall AMA group. Chronic deciduitis was the only statistically significant difference between the overall AMA group and the non-AMA comparison group (14% [23 of 168] versus 30% [18 of 60]; P = .02).Conclusions.—Our findings, particularly the high frequency of fetal vascular malperfusion, suggest that AMA should be an independent indication for placental pathologic examination.
Updates in Staging and Reporting of Genitourinary Malignancies
Authors: Cornejo Kristine M. , Rice-Stitt Travis , Wu Chin-Lee 
Published: February 2020

Context.—The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual changed the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification systems of genitourinary malignancies in 2017. However, some of the changes appear not well appreciated or recognized by practicing pathologists.Objective.—To review the major changes compared with the 7th edition in cancers of the prostate, penis, testis, bladder, urethra, renal pelvis/ureter, and kidney and discuss the challenges that pathologists may encounter.Data Sources.—Peer-reviewed publications and the 8th and 7th editions of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual.Conclusions.—This article summarizes the updated staging of genitourinary malignancies, specifically highlighting changes from the 7th edition that are relevant to the pathologic staging system. Pathologists should be aware of the updates made in hopes of providing clarification and the remaining diagnostic challenges associated with these changes.
Comparison of Harmonic scalpel and monopolar cautery for capsulectomy at the second stage of expander/implant breast reconstruction
Authors: Kim Ki Jae , Chung Jae Ho , Lee Hyung Chul , Lee Byung Il , Park Seung Ha , Yoon Eul Sik 
Published: February 2020

Background Capsular contracture is a common complication of two-stage expander/implant breast reconstruction. To minimize the risk of this complication, capsulectomy is performed using monopolar cautery or ultrasonic surgical instrumentation, the latter of which can be conducted with a Harmonic scalpel. To date, there is disagreement regarding which of the two methods is superior. The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative outcomes between a group of patients who underwent surgery using a Harmonic scalpel and another group treated with monopolar cautery.
Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients who underwent capsulectomy as part of two-stage breast reconstruction between January 2018 and February 2019 and who received at least 1 month of follow-up after surgery. Operative time and postoperative outcomes, including drainage duration, were analyzed.
Results In total, 36 female patients underwent capsulectomy. The monopolar group consisted of 18 patients and 22 breasts, while the Harmonic scalpel group consisted of 18 patients and 21 breasts. There was no statistically significant difference in demographics between the two groups. The Harmonic scalpel group had a significantly shorter mean drainage duration (6.65 days vs. 7.36 days) and a smaller mean total drainage volume (334.69 mL vs. 433.54 mL) than the monopolar cautery group (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed with regard to seroma or hematoma formation.
Conclusions The Harmonic scalpel approach for capsulectomy reduced the total drainage volume and drainage duration compared to the monopolar cautery approach. Therefore, this approach could serve as a good alternative to electrocautery.
Comparison of Two Different Ozone Injection Sites for Knee Osteoarthritis, Tibio-femoral Joint versus Supra-patellar Recess: An Open Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hashemi Masoud , Taheri Mehrdad , Dadkhah Payman , Hassani Hasti , Ataie Mohammadhossein , Ghasemi Mahshid , Pourhoseingholi Mohamad Amin , Solhpour Ali 
Published: February 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ozone injection at Tibio-femoral joint with Supra-patellar recess on knee osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods: In this randomized, controlled clinical trial, 99 patients with symptomatic knee OA were randomized into two groups. 47 patients selected to receive 7-8 ml ozone (20 µg/ml) through Tibio-femoral joint injection, and 49 patients received 10 ml ozone (20 µg/ml) through supra-patellar recess injection by using in-plane ultrasound-guided. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the visual analogue scale (VAS) (0-100 mm) pain score during 3 months after injection. Secondary outcome measures included the Western Ontario and McMaster universities OA Index (WOMAC), Lequesne index, time “Up and Go” (TUG) test, single-limb stance (SLS) tests, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects. All of these measurements were evaluated at the base time, 48 hours, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after injection.
Results: Both groups had significantly improvement in the primary and secondary outcome measures. VAS pain score except at the 3–month follow-up (16.8±13.3 versus 18.1±16.6, 95% CI, -7.33 to 4.73, p =0.6), WOMAC pain score, WOMAC stiffness score at all evaluated times, and WOMAC total score at 48 hours after injection (95% CI, -19.4 to -4.9) were significantly better among Tibio-femoral ozone injection compare to Supra-patellar recess injection (95% CI, -20.68 to -6.51, p<0.001)). In both groups satisfaction, TUG and SLS times were improved, but no significant difference was seen between groups (p>0.05). At the 3-month follow-up, WOMAC pain and total scores for only Tibio-femoral joint injection group as well as WOMAC function, TUG and SLS times for both groups were gradually coming back to the baseline.
Conclusion: Ozone injection in both groups was associated with pain relief, functional improvement, and quality of life in patient with knee OA. Pain and stiffness of joint were improved better in Supra-patellar recess ozone injection.
Down‐regulation of anti‐inflammatory TIPE2 may aggravate adenoidal hypertrophy in children
Authors: Gao Kun , Li Yanzhong , Yue Zhiyong , Han Jie , Zhou Xuanchen , Wang Xiaoting 
Published: February 2020

Adenoidal hypertrophy (AH) is a common disorder in the pediatric population, with common symptoms including mouth breathing, nasal congestion, hyponasal speech, snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. Although the pathogenesis of AH has not been fully elucidated, recent studies have indicated that immune responses may play an important role in AH. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced protein‐8 like‐2 (TIPE2) is a newly identified protein that negatively regulates the activation of inflammatory pathways. Here, we investigated the effect of TIPE2 in AH in children. We observed that the levels of TNF‐α and interleukin‐6 were greater in the adenoid tissue of AH children than in healthy control subjects (P < 0.01), and this increase was positively correlated with the severity of AH. The level of TIPE2 expression was decreased compared with control and was negatively correlated with AH. TIPE2 overexpression in primary human monocytes (isolated from adenoid tissue of children with AH) inhibited the activation of nuclear factor‐κB and the expression of TNF‐α and interleukin‐6. These results suggest that overexpression of TIPE2 may attenuate AH through inactivation of the nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway.
Extremum seeking for optimal control problems with unknown time‐varying systems and unknown objective functions
Authors: Scheinker Alexander , Scheinker David 
Published: February 2020

SummaryWe consider the problem of optimal feedback control of an unknown, noisy, time‐varying, dynamic system that is initialized repeatedly. Examples include a robotic manipulator which must perform the same motion, such as assisting a human, repeatedly and accelerating cavities in particle accelerators which are turned on for a fraction of a second with given initial conditions and vary slowly due to temperature fluctuations. We present an approach that applies to systems of practical interest. The method presented here is model independent; does not require knowledge of the objective function; is robust to measurement noise; is applicable for any set of initial conditions; is applicable to simultaneously controlling an arbitrary number of parameters; and may be implemented with a broad range of continuous or discontinuous functions such as sine or square waves. For systems with convex cost functions we prove that our algorithm will produce controllers that approach the minimal cost. For linear systems we reproduce the cost minimizing linear quadratic regulator optimal controller that could have been designed analytically had the system and cost function been known. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm with simulation studies of noisy and time‐varying systems.
Synergistically Tuning Electronic Structure of Porous β‐Mo2C Spheres by Co Doping and Mo‐Vacancies Defect Engineering for Optimizing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity
Authors: Ma Yufei , Chen Meng , Geng Hongbo , Dong Huafeng , Wu Ping , Li Xiumin , Guan Guoqing , Wang Tiejun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of novel non‐noble electrocatalysts with controlled structure and surface composition is critical for efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, the rational design of porous molybdenum carbide (β‐Mo2C) spheres with different surface engineered structures (Co doping, Mo vacancies generation, and coexistence of Co doping and Mo vacancies) is performed to enhance the HER performance over the β‐Mo2C‐based catalyst surface. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results reveal that the synergistic effect of Co doping with Mo vacancies increases the electron density around the Fermi‐level and modulates the d band center of β‐Mo2C so that the strength of the MoH bond is reasonably optimized, thus leading to an enhanced HER kinetics. As expected, the optimized Co50‐Mo2C‐12 with porous structure displays a low overpotential (η10 = 125 mV), low‐onset overpotential (ηonset = 27 mV), and high exchange current density (j0 = 0.178 mA cm−2). Furthermore, this strategy is also successfully extended to develop other effective metal (e.g., Fe and Ni) doped β‐Mo2C electrocatalyst, indicating that it is a universal strategy for the rational design of highly efficient metal carbide‐based HER catalysts and beyond.
An NIR‐Responsive DNA‐Mediated Nanotetrahedron Enhances the Clearance of Senescent Cells
Authors: Qu Aihua , Wu Xiaoling , Li Si , Sun Maozhong , Xu Liguang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSenescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest that can escape apoptosis and lead to aging and numerous age‐related diseases. In this study, an upconversion‐nanoparticle (UCNP)‐centered Au20–Au30 nanoparticles tetrahedron (UAuTe) is prepared by DNA hybridization, which can selectively accelerate the clearance of senescent cells. When the beta‐2‐microglobulin antibody (anti‐B2MG) on the Au NPs recognizes senescent cells, the application of near‐infrared (NIR) light induces the disassembly of the UAuTe by breaking the boronic ester linkage. Subsequently, the Granzyme B exposed on the UCNPs induces apoptosis in senescent cells, which can then be tracked by changes in fluorescence. It is found that, as compared to single Granzyme B, the UAuTe can not only control the Granzyme B delivery by NIR‐responsivity, but also synergistically target and activate the Granzyme B in the senescent cell without the need of perforin. Moreover, this tool is applied successfully in vivo; the results demonstrate that the NIR‐responsive tetrahedron can restore renal function, tissue homeostasis, fur density, and athletic ability in a mouse model of senescence after 30 d of treatment. The NIR‐induced tetrahedron provides a practical strategy for clinical diagnosis and therapy, particularly for aging and age‐related diseases.
Modular and Customized Fabrication of 3D Functional Microgels for Bottom‐Up Tissue Engineering and Drug Screening
Authors: Yang Wenguang , Cai Shuxiang , Chen Yibao , Liang Wenfeng , Lai Youbin , Yu Haibo , Wang Yuechao , Liu Lianqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCustomized generation of 3D functional building blocks is crucial for bottom‐up tissue engineering. Currently, high throughput production, high survival rates, and well‐controlled shapes are considered as three major challenges in fabricating microgels. Here, an optofluidic maskless lithography system that combines digital micromirror device based 3D printing and microfluidic technologies for fabricating 3D functional microgels, is presented. With this system, 3D microgels can be custom designed online and manufactured modularly in a microfluidic device. The fabrication process is based on shadowed light, highly flexible, and requires no physical masks. Furthermore, cells in microgels exhibit features that are more similar to the complex in vivo conditions, including morphology, proliferation, and drug resistance.
Use of biosolids for sod production: Impact on the import/export of nutrients, heavy metals, and soil mineral matter
Authors: Griffith Shane , Bero Nicholas , Stier John , Obear Glen , Ruis Sabrina J. , Soldat Douglas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSod production has been criticized as being unsustainable because of the soil export that occurs at each harvest. Wastewater treatment residuals (biosolids) disposal is often limited by nutrient or metal accumulation in the soil. Biosolids‐based sod production may be a solution to minimize soil loss and land‐apply wastewater residuals. The objectives of this study were to assess biosolids‐based sod production impact on import and export of nutrients, heavy metals, carbon, and to quantify soil loss from sod harvest with and without biosolids. Anaerobically digested, dewatered sludge (Cake) and Cake mixed with sand and sawdust (MetroMix) were applied at three rates based on estimated plant available nitrogen (PAN). An additional treatment mimicked conventional sod production practices that rely on synthetic fertilizer. All biosolids rates and sources increased Mehlich‐3 extractable phosphorus (P) to > 175 mg kg−1 in the harvested sod, which could contribute to P runoff or leaching at the site of establishment. Heavy metal concentrations from both biosolids sources were below EPA loading limits and would require over 200 years of regular application (22 Mg ha−1) to exceed EPA maximum cumulative loading limits. Biosolids at 22 Mg ha−1 did little to reduce soil mineral matter loss compared to conventionally grown sod. After two sod production cycles, soil carbon increased by 50% in the surface soil (0–10 cm), but was reduced at a depth of 20–30 cm. While high P concentrations in the biosolids limit repeated applications, moderate use of biosolids may alleviate reliance on synthetic fertilizers for N and P.
Water Catalysis of the Reaction of Methanol with OH Radical in the Atmosphere is Negligible
Authors: Wu Junjun , Gao Lu Gem , Varga Zoltan , Xu Xuefei , Ren Wei , Truhlar Donald G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFaced with the contradictory results of two recent experimental studies [Jara‐Toro et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 2166 and Chao et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, 58, 5013] of the possible catalytic effect of water vapor on CH3OH + OH reaction, we report calculations that corroborate the conclusion made by Chao et al. and extend the rate constant evaluation down to 200 K. The rate constants of the CH3OH + OH reaction catalyzed by a water molecule are computed as functions of temperature and relative humidity using high‐level electronic structure and kinetics calculations. The Wuhan–Minnesota Scaling (WMS) method is used to provide accurate energetics to benchmark a density functional for direct dynamics. Both high‐frequency and low‐frequency anharmonicities are included. Variational and tunneling effects are treated by canonical variational transition state theory with multidimensional small‐curvature tunneling. And, most significantly, we include multistructural effects in the rate constant calculations. Our calculations show that the catalytic effect of water vapor is not observable at 200–400 K.
Active Electron Density Modulation of Co3O4‐Based Catalysts Enhances their Oxygen Evolution Performance
Authors: He Dong , Song Xianyin , Li Wenqing , Tang Chongyang , Liu Jiangchao , Ke Zunjian , Jiang Changzhong , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite the fact that many strategies have been developed to improve the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the precise modulation of the surface electronic properties of catalysts to improve their catalytic activity is still challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that the surface active electron density of Co3O4 can be effectively regulated by an argon‐ion irradiation method. X‐ray photoelectron and synchrotron x‐ray absorption spectroscopy, UV photoelectron spectrometry, and DFT calculations show that the surface active electron density band center of Co3O4 has been upshifted, leading to a significantly enhanced absorption capability of the oxo group. The optimized Co3O4‐based catalysts exhibit an excellent overpotential of 260 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1, superior to the capability of the benchmark RuO2, representing one of the best Co‐based OER catalysts. This approach could guide the future rational design and discovery of ideal electrocatalysts.
Purifying stem cell‐derived red blood cells: a high‐throughput label‐free downstream processing strategy based on microfluidic spiral inertial separation and membrane filtration
Authors: Guzniczak Ewa , Otto Oliver , Whyte Graeme , Chandra Tamir , Robertson Neil A. , Willoughby Nik , Jimenez Melanie , Bridle Helen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCell‐based therapeutics, such as in vitro manufactured red blood cells (mRBCs), are different to traditional biopharmaceutical products (the final product being the cells themselves as opposed to biological molecules such as proteins) and that presents a challenge of developing new robust and economically feasible manufacturing processes, especially for sample purification. Current purification technologies have limited throughput, rely on expensive fluorescent or magnetic immunolabeling with a significant (up to 70%) cell loss and quality impairment. To address this challenge, previously characterized mechanical properties of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells undergoing in vitro erythropoiesis were used to develop an mRBC purification strategy. The approach consists of two main stages: (a) a microfluidic separation using inertial focusing for deformability‐based sorting of enucleated cells (mRBC) from nuclei and nucleated cells resulting in 70% purity and (b) membrane filtration to enhance the purity to 99%. Herein, we propose a new route for high‐throughput (processing millions of cells/min and mls of medium/min) purification process for mRBC, leading to high mRBC purity while maintaining cell integrity and no alterations in their global gene expression profile. Further adaption of this separation approach offers a potential route for processing of a wide range of cellular products.
Simultaneous quantification of candesartan and irbesartan in rabbit eye tissues by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Tan Aimin , Gui Xuan , Wong Molly , Deng Hui , Gu Guifen , Fanaras Constantine , Fanaras John C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy is a major cause of vision loss in adults. Novel eye‐drop formulations of candesartan and irbesartan are being developed for its cure or treatment. To support a preclinical trial in rabbits, it was critical to develop and validate a new LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of candesartan and irbesartan in rabbit eye tissues (cornea, aqueous humor, vitreous body and retina/choroid). Eye tissue samples were first homogenized in H2O‐diluted rabbit plasma. The candesartan and irbesartan in the supernatants together with their respective internal standards (candesartan‐d4 and irbesartan‐d4) were extracted by solid‐phase extraction. The extracted samples were injected onto a C18 column for gradient separation. The MS detection was in the positive electrospray ionization mode using the multiple reaction monitoring transitions of m/z 441 → 263, 445 → 267, 429 → 207, and 433 → 211 for candesartan, candesartan‐d4, irbesartan and irbesartan‐d4, respectively. For the validated concentration ranges (2–2000 and 5–5000 ng/g for candesartan and irbesartan, respectively), the within‐run and between‐run accuracies (% bias) were within the range of −8.0–10.0. The percentage CV ranged from 0.6 to 7.3. There was no significant matrix interference nor matrix effect from different eye tissues and different rabbits. The validated method was successfully used in the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) study of rabbits.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroxide Ions by Co3O4 and Co3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles Both at Particle Ensembles and at the Single Particle Level
Authors: Xie Ruo‐Chen , Volokhova Maria , Boldin Aleksei , Seinberg Liis , Tsujimoto Masahiko , Yang Minjun , Rasche Bertold , Compton Richard G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report that the Co3O4 nanoparticle‐mediated electrochemical oxidation under alkaline conditions of the hydroxide ion on a glassy carbon macroelectrode leads to hydrogen peroxide as the initial oxidation product of electron transfer. The latter is inferred to subsequently partially decompose to dioxygen by catalytic chemical reaction at the nanoparticles. At the single particle level, electrochemical particle‐electrode impacts point out the rate‐determining step and the limiting kinetics of the reaction. Furthermore, particles with a core‐shell structure of a Co3O4 core and SiO2 shell are synthesised, and their electrochemical behaviour is studied and compared with bare Co3O4 nanoparticles, suggesting the very likely broken or highly porous state of the silica shell, which is not otherwise easily distinguished, for example, by electron microscopy.