bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Ladder‐like Dopant‐free Hole‐Transporting Polymer for Hysteresis‐less High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with High Ambient Stability
Authors: Chawanpunyawat Thanyarat , Funchien Patteera , Wongkaew Praweena , Henjongchom Nakorn , Ariyarit Atthaporn , Ittisanronnachai Somlak , Namuangruk Supawadee , Cheacharoen Rongrong , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Goubard Fabrice , Promarak Vinich 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received high attention in the past few years due to their terrific photovoltaic performance and potentially low production cost. However, the use of hole transport materials (HTMs) with hygroscopic dopants, which cause the inevitable instability of device performance, has hampered commercialization. Herein, a dopant‐free polymeric HTM with functional aromatic rings was used to optimize the HTM/perovskite interface and employed in a planar n‐i‐p configuration. Poly(1,4‐(2,5‐bis((2‐butyloctyloxy)phenylene)‐2,7‐(5,5,10,10‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐5,10‐dihydro‐s‐indaceno[2,1‐b:6,5‐b′]dithiophene)) (IDTB) co‐polymer constructed with indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene and bis(alkyloxy)benzene units adopts an S⋅⋅⋅O intramolecular bond linked ladder‐like planar conjugated polymer backbone. Without any dopant, the hole mobility of IDTB is in the same order of magnitude as a doped 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD). Also, the hydrophobic nature of IDTB facilitated the long‐term stability of the perovskite underneath. The unencapsulated PSC devices made of IDTB‐based HTM achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.38 % with a high moisture stability, retaining above 80 % of initial power conversion efficiency at 65 % relative humidity for more than 10 days. The superior passivation effect to perovskite surface made a hysteresis of 0.44 % was almost the least reported for regular planar undoped polymer HTM PSCs.
Individual dietary specialization in a generalist predator: A stable isotope analysis of urban and rural red foxes
Authors: Scholz Carolin , Firozpoor Jasmin , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Gras Pierre , Schulze Christoph , Kimmig Sophia E. , Voigt Christian C. , Ortmann Sylvia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome carnivores are known to survive well in urban habitats, yet the underlying behavioral tactics are poorly understood. One likely explanation for the success in urban habitats might be that carnivores are generalist consumers. However, urban populations of carnivores could as well consist of specialist feeders. Here, we compared the isotopic specialization of red foxes in urban and rural environments, using both a population and an individual level perspective. We measured stable isotope ratios in increments of red fox whiskers and potential food sources. Our results reveal that red foxes have a broad isotopic dietary niche and a large variation in resource use. Despite this large variation, we found significant differences between the variance of the urban and rural population for δ13C as well as δ15N values, suggesting a habitat‐specific foraging behavior. Although urban regions are more heterogeneous regarding land cover (based on the Shannon index) than rural regions, the dietary range of urban foxes was smaller compared with that of rural conspecifics. Moreover, the higher δ13C values and lower δ15N values of urban foxes suggest a relatively high input of anthropogenic food sources. The diet of most individuals remained largely constant over a longer period. The low intraindividual variability of urban and rural red foxes suggests a relatively constant proportion of food items consumed by individuals. Urban and rural foxes utilized a small proportion of the potentially available isotopic dietary niche as indicated by the low within‐individual variation compared to the between‐individual variation. We conclude that generalist fox populations consist of individual food specialists in urban and rural populations at least over those periods covered by our study.
The Environmental Degradation and Distribution of Saflufenacil, a Fluorinated Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase–Inhibiting Herbicide, on a Canadian Winter Wheat Field
Authors: Gauthier Jeremy R. , Mabury Scott A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Saflufenacil when applied to a field is susceptible to transport, degradation, and transformation. We used a laboratory-based approach to model the fate of saflufenacil in the environment, the results of which are compared directly with those observed in a field study where saflufenacil was applied to a crop of winter wheat at a standard rate of 63 g of active ingredient/hectare. The water solubility of 2.1 g/L for saflufenacil allows for vertical transport through soil at a rate of 4.3 cm/mL of rainwater, and a soil adsorption coefficient KOC of 28.8 suggests that some of the herbicide will absorb to the soil. Of the saflufenacil in the soil, 78 ± 2.1% (n = 18) partitioned into plants, including nontargeted crop species, where it was found primarily in leaves (78 ± 2.1%, n = 18) and roots (22 ± 1.7%, n = 18). The saflufenacil that does not partition into plants or undergo vertical transport followed a degradation pathway into 3 metabolites: a uracil-ring N-demethylated metabolite (Saf-µCH3), a doubly N-demethylated metabolite (Saf-2CH3), and a ring-cleavage metabolite (Saf-RC), identified using nontargeted mass spectrometry. In the field, saflufenacil was observed to degrade over 212 d to the persistent metabolite Saf-RC. This metabolite was found at a concentration that was 1/10th of that applied to the field, suggesting that the majority of saflufenacil had undergone transport through the soil, or uptake into the winter wheat crop. Field samples were further examined using F-19 nuclear magnetic resonance and nontargeted mass spectrometry to rule out the potential of other degradation products. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1918–1928. © 2020 SETAC
Faster leaf senescence after flowering in wet direct‐seeded rice was mainly regulated by decrease in cytokinin content as compared with transplanted‐flooded rice
Authors: Liu Hongyan , He Aibin , Jiang Guanglei , Hussain Saddam , Wang Weiqin , Sun Huijuan , Jiang Min , Nie Lixiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWet direct‐seeded rice (WDSR) is considered as a practicable substitute to transplanted‐flooded rice (TFR) because it copes with labor and water shortages, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. However, the differences between WDSR and TFR in leaf senescence after flowering and the associated mechanisms have rarely been identified. In this study, the growth dynamics, SPAD value of flag leaf, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and the contents of plant hormones (ABA, CTKs, and GA3) in WDSR and TFR rice flag leaves after flowering were compared during the rice‐growing seasons of 2013, 2014, and 2018. The results showed that leaf senescence after flowering in WDSR was faster in comparison with TFR. The amount of dry matter acquired after flowering (ΔW) in WDSR was significantly lower and might be related to the faster leaf senescence after flowering in WDSR compared with TFR. The CTK content in flag leaves after flowering was lower in WDSR than in TFR, and CTK content declined earlier than SPAD value, which implied that decrease in CTK content could be a possible reason for the early leaf senescence in WDSR. In conclusion, faster leaf senescence after flowering in WDSR was mainly attributed to the decline in leaf CTK content.
Soluble transferrin receptor level, inflammation markers, malaria, alpha‐thalassemia and selenium status are the major predictors of hemoglobin in children 6–23 months in Malawi
Authors: Gebremedhin Samson 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn sub‐Saharan Africa, nearly three‐fourths of children 6–23 months are anemic. Yet, the underlying causes had not been sufficiently explored. This study, based on data (n = 348) extracted from the Malawi Micronutrient Survey–2015/2016 dataset, evaluated the contribution of multiple factors to the hemoglobin status of children 6–23 months. The association between hemoglobin and 19 predictors was assessed using multiple linear regression analysis, and the relative contribution of the covariates was determined based on delta‐R2 value. The study found that 43.9% of children were anemic and 76.9% had elevated soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels. Unit changes in serum ferritin (µg/L) and sTfR (mg/L) were associated with 0.01 g/dl rise (p = .041) and 0.05 g/dl decline (p < .001) in hemoglobin, respectively. Each 1 ng/ml increase in plasma selenium was met with 0.007 g/dl (p = .02) rise in hemoglobin. Hemoglobin showed negative relationships with α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) (β = −.339, p = .007) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (β = −.014, p = .004) and positive association with child's age in months (β = .038, p = .003) and altitude in meters (β = .001, p = .015). Children affected by α‐thalassemia (β = −.75, p < .001), malaria (β = −.43, p = .029), and fever (β = −.39, p = .008) had significantly lower hemoglobin levels. On the contrary, nine variables including serum zinc and retinol binding protein were not significant predictors of hemoglobin. sTfR had the highest delta‐R2 contribution (9.1%) to hemoglobin variations, followed by inflammation (5.2%), α‐thalassemia (2.5%), age (2.1%), fever (1.9%), and malaria (1.5%). The analysis suggested iron status, inflammation, and malaria were the major predictors of hemoglobin among Malawian infants and young children.
Gene fusions characterize a subset of uterine cellular leiomyomas
Authors: Hodgson Anjelica , Swanson David , Tang Shangguo , Dickson Brendan C. , Turashvili Gulisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumor of the female genital tract. Previous studies have shown that conventional leiomyomas often harbor‐specific alterations including rearrangements involving HMGA2. Cellular leiomyomas are a variant of uterine leiomyoma that are less well‐studied from a genomic point of view. Morphologically and immunohistochemically, cellular leiomyomas may be confused with low‐grade endometrial stromal neoplasms, a group of tumors which frequently harbor a number of recurrent gene fusions. Ancillary molecular testing may be used to investigate tumors where low‐grade endometrial stromal neoplasms enter into the differential diagnosis. At our institution, we identified a uterine cellular leiomyoma harboring a HMGA2‐TRAF3IP2 fusion. After a retrospective review 11 additional tumors were identified. All included cases were reviewed and evaluated for immunohistochemical expression of smooth muscle actin, desmin, h‐caldesmon, CD10, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. RNA sequencing using the TruSight RNA Fusion Panel was performed on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue samples. In addition to the index case, two other cases harbored fusions: HMGA2‐NAA11 and TPCN2‐YAP1, of which the latter is novel and was confirmed with reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, a subset of cellular leiomyomas harbor rearrangements involving HMGA2, suggesting molecular kinship with conventional uterine leiomyomas. In addition, the prevalence of the novel TPCN2‐YAP1 gene fusion in cellular leiomyomas requires further study. The fusions reported here, when identified, may be useful when the diagnosis of cellular leiomyoma is in question.
Dueling Definitions of Abortifacient: How Cultural, Political, and Religious Values Affect Language in the Contraception Debate
Authors: Horner Claire , Campo‐Engelstein Lisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContraception works by preventing fertilization of an egg or preventing implantation of a fertilized embryo. For those who believe pregnancy begins at implantation, contraceptives preventing implantation are not abortifacient. However, for those who assert that pregnancy begins at fertilization, any agent causing the intentional loss of an embryo, even prior to implantation, is abortifacient, both morally and for lack of a different term to describe the postfertilization, preimplantation loss. In the debate on this topic, much of the discourse on both sides wrongly focuses on the opposing side's perceived ignorance in denying scientifically proven definitions rather than on the substance of the conflict. Indeed, both sides accuse the other of prioritizing its “subjective” views over “objective” facts. In this essay, we unpack the scientific, cultural, and religious factors that underlie this debate. We argue that the only way to move forward is to clarify our terminology and engage with the substance of the argument, rather than merely the rhetoric.
Regulatory role of transcription factor HBP1 in anticancer efficacy of EGFR inhibitor erlotinib in HNSCC
Authors: Chan Chien‐Yi , Chang Chin‐Ming , Chen Yuan‐Hong , Sheu Jim Jinn‐Chyuan , Lin Tzu‐Yuan , Huang Chun‐Yin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is often hyperactivated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, its downstream mediators are not fully identified. Here, we investigate the role of transcription factor HBP1 in the anticancer efficacy of EGFR inhibitor erlotinib in HNSCC.MethodsThe effect of erlotinib and HBP1 on cell proliferation and invasion was examined by flow cytometric analysis and a Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Oral tumor specimens were used to evaluate the association between the expression level of EGFR and HBP1, and metastatic potential.ResultsErlotinib caused cell growth arrest in the G1 phase and sluggish invasion with a concomitant increase in HBP1 and p27 expression. The erlotinib effect was attenuated upon HBP1 knockdown. Analysis of oral tumor specimens revealed that the low HBP1/high EGFR status can predict metastatic potential.ConclusionsOur data support HBP1 as a crucial mediator of EGFR‐targeting inhibitors in HNSCC.
“A community system”: A critical foundation for the epidemic prevention and control of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Shiyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn response to COVID‐19 that has constituted a global pandemic, countries around the world have successively adopted a myriad of prevention and control measures. As the first country with the COVID‐19 outbreak, the Chinese government has adopted a series of timely and strict prevention and control measures against the spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2, which has effectively slowed down the spread of the SARS‐CoV‐2 and created a valuable window for the international community to overcome the epidemic. China's experience in combating the COVID‐19 has shown that building a community prevention and control system is essential to control the spread of coronavirus. As the backbone of the epidemic prevention and control system, the community prevention and control system plays an important role in improving the pattern of disorderly medical treatment, screening suspected patients, preventing the input of pathogens, ensuring residents' medical needs, stabilizing public sentiment, reducing disease fear, and maintaining residents' national security. At the same time, it also exposed the problems of the community prevention and control epidemic system in terms of infrastructure, human resources, and internal systems. Based on this, this article suggests that we should improve the hardware facilities of community, improve the internal mechanism of the community, strengthen the stability of the community talent team, improve the level of linkage between the community and other departments to prevent and control the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2, effectively use information technology and actively mobilize social forces to help community prevention and control COVID‐19.
Impact of pneumococcal vaccine response on asthma exacerbation frequency in young children
Authors: Eisenlohr Claudia P. , Chartrand Esther M. , Barzaga Marta R. , Lanz Miguel J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionChronic asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and increased eosinophils have been shown to predict increased asthma exacerbations, especially in adults. Recent recommendations suggest the need for supplemental PPV‐23 vaccination in older children with chronic asthma.MethodsTo investigate differences in preschool asthma, our case‐cohort study comprised of 127 children, mean age 47 months (32‐65), with a history of asthma exacerbations requiring more than three courses of systemic steroid bursts and more than six antibiotics courses in the previous year.ResultsAt baseline, mean antibody titer response to Streptococcus pneumoniae was decreased at 2.6 ± 2 out of 14 serotypes, despite prior complete pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) vaccinations. All children were readministered pneumococcal vaccinations with PCV‐13 booster and/or PPSV‐23. Mean postvaccination pneumococcal vaccine (PV) titer response was 16 ± 5 out of 23 serotypes. After contacting 91 parents/caretakers, 75 responded with less frequency of corticosteroids and antibiotic use for asthma exacerbations after PV. This group had baseline eosinophil counts of 211 ± 36/µL, while those without improvement were significantly higher at 371 ± 123/µL,*P < .05. There were no significant differences (P > .05) between the two groups from other baseline measures including demography or atopic status.ConclusionsThis subset of children with exacerbation‐prone asthma had poor antibody titer response to Streptococcus pneumoniae, even with prior complete PCV‐13 immunization. Identification of low antibody responses to PV serotypes may provide a targeted therapeutic approach to reduce wheezing exacerbations in a precise asthma phenotype in children.
Early triglyceride and glucose index as a risk marker for gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sánchez‐García Adriana , Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez René , Saldívar‐Rodríguez Donato , Guzmán‐López Abel , Mancillas‐Adame Leonardo , González‐Nava Victoria , Santos‐Santillana Karla , González‐González José G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index values during the first trimester of pregnancy in Latin American women.MethodsPregnant women were enrolled at their first prenatal visit at the Obstetric Division in the University Hospital “Dr. José E. González”. Triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were collected to determine the TyG index. GDM diagnosis was performed by a single‐step 2‐hour 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test. Generalized linear models were used to determine risk ratios; pregnancy outcomes at delivery were collected from the hospital medical records.ResultsA total of 164 pregnant women were included. GDM was present in 29 (17.7%) women. No significant differences in age, first‐trimester body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), family history of diabetes, and TyG index were observed between GDM cases and the reference group without GDM. The adjusted analysis showed no association between TyG and GDM (risk ratio [RR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–1.88]). Higher TyG index values between women with and without a diagnosis of GDM in the second trimester were observed. No significant differences were identified in pregnancy outcomes, although a trend was observed for hyperbilirubinemia in women with first‐trimester TyG index values greater than 8.7.ConclusionsOur findings do not support the use of the TyG index for GDM prediction in Latin American women.
Client and therapist agreement in moment‐to‐moment helpfulness ratings in psychotherapy: A microprocess approach
Authors: Penix Elizabeth A. , Swift Joshua K. , Russell Kelley A. , Trusty Wilson T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMethodClients (n = 16; Mage = 32.88 years; 81% female) and their therapists (n = 10; 80% female) from a training clinic provided moment‐to‐moment ratings while reviewing a video recording of a recent session. West and Kenny's Truth‐and‐Bias (T&B) model was used to examine agreement in ratings. Multilevel modeling was used to evaluate the agreement‐alliance association while controlling for sessions completed.ResultsConsistent with the T&B model, client–therapist ratings were temporally congruent and were not discrepant overall. Greater congruence and smaller discrepancies were linked with stronger alliances.ConclusionsThe within‐session and between‐dyad variability in helpfulness ratings highlight the utility of moment‐to‐moment rating methods. Findings suggest that therapists should attune to client perceptions on a within‐session level and attunement may be a target for enhancing the alliance.
Reduced LINC00551 expression promotes proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cancer by increase in HSP27 phosphorylation
Authors: Peng Xiong , Zhou Yuan , Chen Yuqiao , Tang Lu , Wang Guo , Jiang Hong , Wang Xiang , Tao Yongguang , Zhuang Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression or activities. This study investigated the role of lncRNA LINC00551 in ESCC development and progression. Three paired ESCC and normal tissues were subjected to next‐generation sequencing and we identified 82 upregulated and 60 downregulated lncRNAs, including LINC00551, which was confirmed to markedly downregulated in 78 ESCC tissues and in the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis data set. Downregulated LINC00551 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and tumor size. Moreover, downregulated LINC00551 expression was also associated with poor progression‐free survival and overall survival of ESCC patients. In vitro and in vivo, LINC00551 overexpression inhibited ESCC cell proliferation and invasion, whereas knockdown of LINC00551 expression promoted ESCC cell proliferation and invasion. RNA pull‐down and mass spectrometry assays identified the potential LINC00551 binding proteins, and HSP27 was a promising LINC00551 targeting proteins after RNA immunoprecipitation assay. At the protein level, LINC00551 bound to and decreased HSP27 phosphorylation, and in turn, downregulated ESCC cell proliferation and invasion. The current study demonstrated the functional significance of LINC00551 in ESCC development, progression, and prognosis. Further study will assess LINC00551 as a novel prognostic marker or therapeutic target for ESCC.