bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chalcogenides: Solid‐State Chemistry
Authors: Rajeshwar Krishnan , Macaluso Robin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBinary, ternary, and quaternary metal chalcogenides are considered in this article. The compound stoichiometries in each family are first analyzed with the aid of compositional diagrams. Then, the various synthetic approaches are reviewed followed by a discussion of the structural attributes. The advances with computational study of electronic band structures are next reviewed followed by a discussion of the optical and optoelectronic properties. Mixed compounds, doping, and solid solutions are next discussed followed with a summary and perspectives for future study. While metal chalcogenides are important from a wide array of practical applications (energy conversion/storage, microelectronics, lubrication, etc.), the approach adopted in this review article focuses on material properties that enable these applications.
Are Health Care Professionals’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Conventional Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Associated With Those of Their Patients?
Authors: van Heuckelum Milou , Hebing Renske C. F. , Vandeberg Lisa , Linn Annemiek J. , Flendrie Marcel , Nurmohamed Mike T. , van Dulmen Sandra , van den Ende Cornelia H. M. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveIt is generally unknown how the attitudes and beliefs of health care professionals (HCPs) might affect the attitudes, beliefs, and medication‐taking behavior of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aims 1) to examine the attitudes, health‐related associations (both implicit and explicit), and beliefs of HCPs about conventional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, and 2) to assess whether these attitudes, health‐related associations, and beliefs of HCPs are associated with those of their patients, with their patients’ medication‐taking behavior, and disease activity.MethodsHCPs were recruited from 2 centers that specialized in rheumatology across The Netherlands, and patient recruitment followed. In this observational study, implicit outcomes were measured with single‐category implicit association tests, whereas explicit outcomes were measured with a bipolar evaluative adjective scale and the Beliefs About Medicines Questionnaire–Specific. Spearman’s rank correlations were used to describe correlations between implicit and explicit measures of the attitudes of HCPs. Multilevel, mixed‐effects linear models were used to examine the association of HCP‐related characteristics, including the implicit and explicit outcomes of HCPs, with those of their patients, their medication‐taking behaviors, and disease activity.ResultsOf the 1,659 initially invited patients, 254 patients with RA (mean age 62.8 years, mean disease duration 11.8 years, and 68.1% of the patients were female) who were treated by 26 different HCPs agreed to participate in this study. The characteristics, attitudes, health‐related associations, and beliefs about medicines of HCPs were not significantly associated with those of their patients, nor with their medication‐taking behaviors or disease activity scores.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the attitudes, health‐related associations (as measured both implicitly and explicitly), and beliefs of HCPs were not significantly associated with the attitudes, beliefs, medication‐taking behavior, and disease activity of patients with RA.
Self‐Heating in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Ràfols‐Ribé Joan , Robinson Nathaniel D. , Larsen Christian , Tang Shi , Top Michiel , Sandström Andreas , Edman Ludvig 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectroluminescent devices become warm during operation, and their performance can, therefore, be severely limited at high drive current density. Herein, the effects of this self‐heating on the operation of a light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) are systematically studied. A drive current density of 50 mA cm−2 can result in a local device temperature for a free‐standing LEC that exceeds 50 °C within a short period of operation, which in turn induces premature device degradation as manifested in the rapidly decreasing luminance and increasing voltage. Furthermore, this undesired self‐heating for a free‐standing thin‐film LEC can be suppressed by the employment of a device architecture featuring high thermal conductance and a small emission‐area fill factor, since the corresponding improved heat conduction to the nonemissive regions facilitates more efficient heat transfer to the ambient surroundings. In addition, the reported differences in performance between small‐area and large‐area LECs as well as between flexible‐plastic and rigid‐glass LECs are rationalized, culminating in insights that can be useful for the rational design of LEC devices with suppressed self‐heating and high performance.
Thin‐Layered Photocatalysts
Authors: Sun Xiaodong , Huang Hongwei , Zhao Qin , Ma Tianyi , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSemiconductor photocatalysis, a green and sustainable technology, is of great significance for solving environmental pollution and energy shortages. However, the common problems of inefficient light harvesting, rapid recombination of electron–hole pairs, and low surface reactive reaction sites for photocatalysts urgently need to be solved. In this regard, thin‐layered photocatalysts are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for addressing these issues, due to their unique surface and electronic properties. In this review, the various strategies for constructing thin‐layered photocatalysts are summarized, and emphasis is given to approaches for optimizing the photocatalytic performance of the thin‐layered materials, which can be classified into surface engineering and junction construction. In addition, the photocatalytic applications of thin‐layered materials, i.e., water splitting, CO2 reduction, nitrogen fixation, and molecule oxygen activation, are summarized. Finally, based on current achievements in thin‐layered photocatalysts, their future development and challenges are discussed.
A Periodic “Self‐Correction” Scheme for Synchronizing Lithium Plating/Stripping at Ultrahigh Cycling Capacity
Authors: Zou Peichao , Chiang Sum‐Wai , Zhan Houchao , Sui Yiming , Liu Kangwei , Hu Shengyu , Su Songyang , Li Jing , Kang Feiyu , Yang Cheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal can deliver the highest theoretical specific capacity among all lithium battery anodes, yet its application is significantly hindered due to a series of critical challenges (poor cycleability and safety risks, etc.), most of which are related to uncontrolled Li dendrite growth. However, the dendrite problem cannot be fully avoided because of a number of complicated multi‐physical field factors, especially under high cycling rate and high capacity conditions. An ideal situation is when the battery can automatically restore the uncontrolled dendrites growth itself, whenever it appears during the entire cycling lifespan; however, discussion on this issue is rare. A periodically conductive/dielectric lamella scaffold is developed for hosting Li metal to realize a “self‐correction” functionality, which can automatically synchronize Li deposition/stripping by periodically re‐homogenizing electric field distribution around irregular Li protrusions. Consequently, dendrite‐free Li plating/stripping with high Coulombic efficiency can be achieved even at 5 mA cm−2 and an ultrahigh cycling capacity of 15 mAh cm−2. Notably, a maximal cumulative plating capacity of 4000 mAh cm−2 with Li utilization of 50% is realized, outperforming most recently reported results. This work provides new insights for designing future smart high‐performance metal anode batteries for real application.
Copper Thiophosphate (Cu3PS4) as Electrode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Ether Electrolyte
Authors: Brehm Wolfgang , Santhosha Aggunda L. , Zhang Zhenggang , Neumann Christof , Turchanin Andrey , Martin Andréa , Pinna Nicola , Seyring Martin , Rettenmayr Markus , Buchheim Johannes R. , Adelhelm Philipp 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium and sodium thiophosphates (and related compounds) have recently attracted attention because of their potential use as solid electrolytes in solid‐state batteries. These compounds, however, exhibit only limited stability in practice as they react with the electrodes. The decomposition products partially remain redox active hence leading to excess capacity. The redox activity of thiophosphates is explicitly used to act as electrode for sodium‐ion batteries. Copper thiophosphate (Cu3PS4) is used as a model system. The storage behavior between 0.01 and 2.5 V versus Na+/Na is studied in half cells using different electrolytes with 1 m NaPF6 in diglyme showing the best result. Cu3PS4 shows highly reversible charge storage with capacities of about 580 mAh g−1 for more than 200 cycles @120 mA g−1 and about 450 mAh g−1 for 1400 cycles @1 A g−1. The redox behavior is studied by operando X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. During initial sodiation, Cu3PS4 undergoes a conversion reaction including the formation of Cu and Na2S. During cycling, the redox activity seems dominated by sulfur. Interestingly, the capacity of Cu3PS4 for lithium storage is smaller, leading to about 170 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles. The results demonstrate that thiophosphates can lead to reversible charge storage over several hundred cycles without any notable capacity decay.
Phase Transition across Anisotropic NbS3 and Direct Gap Semiconductor TiS3 at Nominal Titanium Alloying Limit
Authors: Wu Kedi , Blei Mark , Chen Bin , Liu Lei , Cai Hui , Brayfield Cassondra , Wright David , Zhuang Houlong , Tongay Sefaattin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlloying selected layered transitional metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) with unique chain‐like structures offers the opportunities for structural, optical, and electrical engineering thus expands the regime of this class of pseudo‐one‐dimensional materials. Here, the novel phase transition in anisotropic Nb(1−x)TixS3 alloys is demonstrated for the first time. Results show that Nb(1−x)TixS3 can be fully alloyed across the entire composition range from triclinic‐phase NbS3 to monoclinic‐phase TiS3. Surprisingly, incorporation of a small concentration of Ti (x ≈ 0.05–0.18) into NbS3 host matrix is sufficient to induce triclinic to monoclinic transition. Theoretical studies suggest that Ti atoms effectively introduce hole doping, thus rapidly decreases the total energy of monoclinic phase and induces the phase transition. When alloyed, crystalline and optical anisotropy are largely preserved as evidenced by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and angle‐resolved Raman spectroscopy. Further Raman measurements identify Raman modes to determine crystalline anisotropy direction and offer insights into the degree of anisotropy. Overall results introduce Nb(1−x)TixS3 as a new and easy phase change material and mark the first phase engineering in anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) trichalcogenide systems for their potential applications in two‐dimensional superconductivity, electronics, photonics, and information technologies.
Polymeric Nonviral Gene Delivery Systems for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ke Lingjie , Cai Pingqiang , Wu Yun‐Long , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnlike viral vectors with their undesired safety or immunogenicity concerns, biocompatible polymeric nonviral vectors as gene delivery systems are more promising in gene or cell therapy. Evidence has demonstrated that the rational design of polymeric nonviral gene vectors with optimal structure, charge density, biocompatibility, and stimulus responsiveness can deliver therapeutic genes or gene vaccines (in terms of deoxyribonucleic acid DNA or ribonucleic acid RNA) into tumor‐associated immunocytes (i.e., macrophages, T cells, or dendritic cells) in an effective and controllable manner for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. However, a timely and systematic summary of this subject is lacking. This review presents an overview of polymeric nonviral carriers with immune cell transfection ability and their potential applications in cancer immunotherapy; it also provides a tutorial for designing polymeric immune‐cell genetic modification vector, although there are still few vectors in the product pipeline. With the rapid growth of immunotherapy in cancer treatment and knowledge accumulation in vector structure design, polymeric nonviral gene delivery systems may provide new hope for tumor therapy.
A review of turfgrass sports field variability and its implications on athlete–surface interactions
Authors: Straw Chase M. , Samson Christine O. , Henry Gerald M. , Brown Cathleen N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNatural turfgrass sports fields can be highly variable depending on construction, usage, and management. Research involving athlete–surface interactions often fails to thoroughly account for variability by grouping these fields into the single category of “natural turfgrass.” This can obscure results and make it difficult to identify specific field characteristics that most strongly influence athletes, making it almost impossible to implement strategies for improvement. The purpose of this literature review was to highlight the between‐ and within‐field variations of turfgrass sports fields and their influence on athlete–surface interactions. The components of turfgrass sports fields and common methods used to objectively quantify surface characteristics in situ are discussed. Then, current literature is reviewed that involves several athlete–surface interactions under a variety of turfgrass sports field scenarios. It was found that turfgrass surface characteristics generally influence athlete biomechanics, performance and physiology, perceptions, and injury occurrence. To better interpret and compare findings, it is recommended that future studies fully describe field characteristics and management practices. Consistency with field and athlete data collection methods, analysis, and reporting are also important. Athlete–surface interaction research incorporating new technologies; addressing athlete performance, physiology, and psychological aspects; and investigating athletes other than professionals is also needed. These recommendations are more likely to happen with increased collaboration between turfgrass scientists, sports turf managers, sports scientists, and sports medicine clinicians. Ultimately, the goal would be to develop evidence‐based guidelines for turfgrass sports field management that improve the overall athlete experience under an assortment of turfgrass sports field scenarios.
Soybean seeding rate and fertilizer effects on growth, partitioning, and yield
Authors: Purucker T. , Steinke K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGreater soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) total dry matter (TDM) production may support yield potential and correspondingly drive greater nutrient uptake. Whether increased dry matter (DM) and reduced interplant competition at decreased seeding rates improves grain yield response to fertilizer applications is not clear. A 3‐site‐year trial was conducted to evaluate soybean seeding rates and fertilizer applications on plant growth, nutrient accumulation, grain yield, and economic return. Seeding rates included: 123,500; 222,400; 321,200; and 420,100 seeds ha−1. Fertilizer applications consisted of: unfertilized; 90 kg MOP (0−0−62 N−P−K) ha−1 pre‐plant incorporated (PPI); 168 kg MESZ (12‐40−0−10−1 N−P−K−S−Zn) ha−1 applied 5 by 5 cm below and to the side of the seed at planting (5 × 5); and 90 kg MOP ha−1 PPI and 168 kg MESZ ha−1 applied 5 × 5. Dry matter (V4) increased 37.7 to 116.6% and 73.3 to 137.5% with seeding rates ≥222,400 seeds ha−1 and MESZ applications, respectively, with greater early‐season DM supporting increased nutrient uptake and grain yield potential. Increasing seeding rate from 123,500 to 222,400 seeds ha−1 improved grain yield 9% but no differences were observed above 222,400 seeds ha−1. The MESZ and MOP+MESZ applications increased grain yield 7.4 and 6.9%, respectively, while MOP did not affect grain yield across site‐years. As emphasis on creating more durable, resilient agroecosystems continues, results suggest seeding rates ≥222,400 seeds ha−1 maximized DM accumulation facilitating nutrient uptake which may be paramount to improving fertilizer management or reducing post‐harvest residual soil nutrients in impaired watersheds or regions of greater nutrient loss potential.
Mandibular corpus shape is a taxonomic indicator in extant hominids
Authors: Balolia Katharine L. , Jakeman Elise C. , Massey Jason S. , Groves Colin , Wood Bernard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to understand whether the shape of three sub‐regions of the mandibular corpus (the alveolar arch, corpus at M1 and posterior symphysis) are useful for making taxonomic assessments at the genus and species levels in extant hominids.Materials and MethodsWe use data taken from 3D surface scans of the mandibular corpus of seven extant hominid taxa: Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Gorilla beringei graueri, Homo sapiens, Pan paniscus, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, Pongo abelii, and Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus to generate four shape variables: alveolar arch shape (AAS), corpus shape at M1 (CSM1), posterior symphysis shape at the midline (PSSM), and posterior symphysis shape (PSS). To ascertain how reliable each mandibular shape variable is for assessing taxonomy, we ran canonical discriminant and discriminant function analysis, reporting cross‐validated results.ResultsUsing a combination of three mandibular corpus shape variables, 99% of specimens were classified correctly for genus‐level analyses. A maximum of 100% of Pan specimens, 94% of Gorilla specimens and 96% of Pongo specimens were classified correctly at the species level when up to three mandibular shape variables were included in the analyses. When mandibular corpus variables were considered in isolation, posterior symphysis shape yielded the highest overall correct classification results.DiscussionThe high taxonomic classification rates at both the genus and species level, using 3D surface data and advanced quantification techniques, show that the shape of the alveolar arch, corpus at M1 and symphysis can distinguish extant hominid taxa. These findings have implications for assessing the taxonomy of extinct hominid specimens which preserve these mandibular sub‐regions.
Polydopamine‐mediated polypyrrole/doxorubicin nanocomplex for chemotherapy‐enhanced photothermal therapy in both NIR‐I and NIR‐II biowindows against tumor cells
Authors: Li Wenchao , Hu Jie , Wang Jingjing , Tang Wei , Yang Wenting , Liu Yanqing , Li Rui , Liu Hui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is featured by the desirable spatiotemporal controllability and excellent specificity, which has been identified as one of the important tumor treatment methods. Although promising, the efficacy of PTT is still limited and needs further improvement. In this work, a kind of PPy‐PDA‐PEG@DOX nanocomplex was designed and constructed for chemotherapy‐enhanced PTT in both near‐infrared (NIR)‐I and NIR‐II biowindows against tumor cells, which was integrated by the polypyrrole (PPy) core, polydopamine (PDA) shell, polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkage, and doxorubicin (DOX) payload. This constructed PPy‐PDA‐PEG@DOX nanocomplex was uniform in size around 56.3 nm, and with the optimized DOX loading content at 37.4%. The photothermal conversion efficiencies of this nanocomplex were calculated to be around 23.1 and 30.8% in NIR‐I and NIR‐II biowindows, respectively, showing good photothermal capacity and stability. The loaded DOX could be released in stimuli‐responsive manners. The therapeutic efficacy was enhanced by PPy‐PDA‐PEG@DOX nanocomplex, indicating the high effectiveness of chemotherapy‐enhanced phototherapy. This developed PPy‐PDA‐PEG@DOX nanocomplex shows promising applications in tumor treatment applications.
Circ‐PGAM1 promotes malignant progression of epithelial ovarian cancer through regulation of the miR‐542‐3p/CDC5L/PEAK1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Li Yang , Zhao Wancheng , Liu Guipeng , Yang Qing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common ovarian malignant cancer. Circular RNA is a type of endogenous noncoding RNA and is considered as a novel regulatory molecule in the development and progression of tumors. This study investigated the expression and functions of a circular RNA, circular‐phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (circ‐PGAM1), in EOC tissues and cells.MethodsThe expression of circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p in EOC was analyzed using quantitative RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry and western blot were performed to confirm the localization and expression of cell division cycle 5‐like (CDC5L) and pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) in EOC tissues. Cell lines (CAOV3 and OVCAR3) overexpressing or silencingcirc‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p were established to explore the functions of circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to study the interactions between circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p and between miR‐542‐3p and CDC5L. CCK‐8, transwell, and flow cytometry were used to study the effect of circ‐PGAM1 and miR‐542‐3p on cell biological behaviors including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The interaction between CDC5L and the PEAK1 gene promoter was confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP).ResultsCirc‐PGAM1 was upregulated in EOC tissues, whereas linear PGAM1 was not deregulated in EOC tissues. Silencing of circ‐PAGM1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and promoted cell apoptosis. MiR‐542‐3p was downregulated in EOC tissues, and miR‐542‐3p overexpression inhibited malignant progression of ovarian cancer cells. Circ‐PGAM1 directly interacted with miR‐542‐3p, with mutual negative feedback between them. CDC5L was a direct target of miR‐542‐3p and played an oncogenic role in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the CDC5L protein binds directly to the PEAK1 promoter to promote its transcription. PEAK1 overexpression activated ERK1/2 and JAK2 signaling pathways and promoted malignant biological behaviors of ovarian cancer cells. Circ‐PAGM1 silencing combined with miR‐542‐3p overexpression played the greatest anticancer role in vivo.ConclusionThe circ‐PGAM1/miR‐542‐3p/CDC5L/PEAK1 pathway played an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer and might be a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.