bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TheEruca sativagenome and transcriptome: A targeted analysis of sulfur metabolism and glucosinolate biosynthesis pre and postharvest
Authors: Bell Luke , Chadwick Martin , Puranik Manik , Tudor Richard , Methven Lisa , Kennedy Sue , Wagstaff Carol 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRocket (Eruca sativa) is a source of health-related metabolites called glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) but little is known of the genetic and transcriptomic mechanisms responsible for regulating pre and postharvest accumulations. We present the firstde novoreference genome assembly and annotation, with ontogenic and postharvest transcriptome data relating to sulfur assimilation, transport, and utilization. Diverse gene expression patterns related to sulfur metabolism and GSL biosynthesis are present between inbred lines of rocket. A clear pattern of differential expression determines GSL abundance and the formation of hydrolysis products. One breeding line sustained GSL accumulation and hydrolysis product formation throughout storage. Copies ofMYB28,SLIM1, SDI1andESM1orthologs have increased and differential expression postharvest, and are associated with GSLs and hydrolysis product formation. Two glucosinolate transporter gene orthologs (GTR2) were found to be associated with increased GSL accumulations.
Haplotype of the astrocytic water channel AQP4 modulates slow wave energy in human NREM sleep
Authors: Larsen Sara Marie Ulv , Landolt Hans-Peter , Berger Wolfgang , Nedergaard Maiken , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Holst Sebastian Camillo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the brain parenchyma is facilitated by the astrocytic water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Homeostatically regulated electroencephalographic (EEG) slow waves are a hallmark of deep non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep and have been implicated in the regulation of parenchymal CSF flow and brain clearance. The humanAQP4gene harbors several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AQP4 expression, brain-water homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. To date, their role in sleep-wake regulation is unknown. To investigate whether functional variants inAQP4modulate human sleep, nocturnal EEG-recordings and cognitive performance were investigated in 123 healthy participants genotyped for a common eight-SNPAQP4-haplotype. We show that thisAQP4-haplotype is associated with distinct modulations of NREM slow wave energy, strongest in early sleep and mirrored by changes in sleepiness and reaction times during extended wakefulness. The study provides the first human evidence for a link between AQP4, deep NREM sleep and cognitive consequences of prolonged wakefulness.
Morphologically and physiologically diverse fruits of twoLepidiumspecies differ in allocation of glucosinolates into immature and mature seed and pericarp
Authors: Mohammed Said , Bhattacharya Samik , Gesing Matthias A. , Klupsch Katharina , Theißen Günter , Mummenhoff Klaus , Müller Caroline 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe morphology and physiology of diaspores play crucial roles in determining the fate of seeds in unpredictable habitats. In some genera of the Brassicaceae different types of diaspores can be found.Lepidium appelianumproduces non-dormant seeds within indehiscent fruits while inL. campestredormant seeds are released from dehiscent fruits. These different diaspore types offer an excellent model system to analyse the allocation of relevant defence compounds into different tissues, which may maximise diaspore fitness. Total glucosinolate concentration and composition were analysed in immature and mature seeds and pericarps ofL. appelianumandL. campestreusing high-performance liquid chromatography. Moreover, transgenic RNAiL. campestrelines were used for comparison that produce indehiscent fruits due to silencing ofLcINDEHISCENCE, theINDEHISCENCEortholog ofL. campestre. Total glucosinolate concentrations were lower in green compared to mature seeds in all studiedLepidiumspecies and transgenic lines. In contrast, indehiscent fruits ofL. appelianummaintained their total glucosinolate concentration in mature pericarps compared to green ones, while in dehiscentL. campestreand in indehiscent RNAi-LcIND L. campestrea significant decrease in total glucosinolate concentrations from green to mature pericarps could be detected. Regarding the distribution of glucosinolate classes, high concentrations of 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate were found in mature seeds ofL. appelianum, while no indole glucosinolates were detected in mature diaspores ofL. campestre. The diaspores of the latter species may rather depend on aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolates for long-term protection. The allocation patterns of glucosinolates correlate with the morpho-physiologically distinct fruits ofL. appelianumandL. campestreand may be explained by the distinct dispersal strategies and the dormancy status of both species.
Lipin-1 contributes to IL-4 mediated macrophage polarization
Authors: Chandran Sunitha , Schilke Robert M. , Blackburn Cassidy M.R. , Yurochko Aila , Mirza Rusella , Scott Rona S. , Finck Brian N. , Woolard Matthew D. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTMacrophage responses contribute to a diverse array of pathologies ranging from infectious disease to sterile inflammation. Polarization of macrophages determines their cellular function within biological processes. Lipin-1 is a phosphatidic acid phosphatase in which its enzymatic activity contributes to macrophage pro-inflammatory responses. Lipin-1 also possesses transcriptional co-regulator activity and whether this activity is required for macrophage polarization is unknown. Using mice that lack only lipin-1 enzymatic activity or both enzymatic and transcriptional coregulator activities from myeloid cells, we investigated the contribution of lipin-1 transcriptional co-regulator function towards macrophage wound healing polarization. Macrophages lacking both lipin-1 activities did elicit IL-4 mediated gene expression to levels seen in either wild-type or lipin-1 enzymatically deficient macrophages. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the lack of myeloid-associated lipin-1 transcriptional co-regulator activity leads to impaired full thickness excisional wound healing. Our study demonstrates that lipin-1 transcriptional co-regulatory activity contributes to macrophage polarization and the macrophage contribution to wound healingin vivo.
Model balancing: in search of consistent metabolic states and in-vivo kinetic constants
Authors: Liebermeister Wolfram , Noor Elad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnzyme kinetic constantsin vivoare largely unknown, which limits the construction of large metabolic models. While model fitting, in principle, aims at fitting kinetic constants to measured metabolic fluxes, metabolite concentrations, and enzyme concentrations, the resulting estimation problems are typically non-convex and hard to solve, especially if models are large. Here we assume that metabolic fluxes are known and show how consistent kinetic constants, metabolite concentrations, and enzyme concentrations can be determined simultaneously from data. If one specific term is omitted – a term that penalises small enzyme concentrations – we obtain a convex optimality problem with a unique local optimum. The estimation method with or without this term, called model balancing, applies to models with a wide range of rate laws and accounts for thermodynamic constraints on kinetic constants and metabolite concentrations through thermodynamic forces. It can be used to estimatein-vivokinetic constants from omics data, to complete and adjust available data, or to construct plausible metabolic states with a predefined flux distribution. As a demonstrative case, we balance a model ofE. colicentral metabolism with artificial or experimental data. The tests show what information about kinetic constants can be obtained from omics data, and reveal the practical limits of estimatingin-vivokinetic constants.
The Lands cycle modulates plasma membrane lipid organization and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle
Authors: Ferrara Patrick J. , Rong Xin , Maschek J. Alan , Verkerke Anthony R.P. , Siripoksup Piyarat , Song Haowei , Krishnan Karthickeyan C. , Johnson Jordan M. , Turk John , Houmard Joseph A. , Lusis Aldons J. , Cox James E. , Shaikh Saame Raza , Tontonoz Peter , Funai Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAberrant lipid metabolism promotes the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance, but the exact identity of lipid-mediated mechanisms relevant to human obesity remains unclear. A comprehensive lipidomic analyses of primary myocytes from lean insulin-sensitive (LN) and obese insulin-resistant (OB) individuals revealed several species of lysophospholipids (lyso-PL) that were differentially-abundant. These changes coincided with greater expression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3), an enzyme involved in phospholipid transacylation (Lands cycle). Strikingly, mice with skeletal muscle-specific knockout of LPCAT3 (LPCAT3-MKO) exhibited greater muscle lyso-PC/PC, concomitant with greater insulin sensitivityin vivoand insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptakeex vivo. Absence of LPCAT3 reduced phospholipid packing of the cellular membranes and increased plasma membrane lipid clustering, suggesting that LPCAT3 affects insulin receptor phosphorylation by modulating plasma membrane lipid organization. In conclusion, obesity accelerates the skeletal muscle Lands cycle, whose consequence might induce the disruption of plasma membrane organization that suppresses muscle insulin action.
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity decouples infection parameters of amphibian chytridiomycosis
Authors: McMillan Kirsten M. , Lesbarrères David , Harrison Xavier A. , Garner Trenton W. J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Emerging infectious diseases are responsible for declines in wildlife populations around the globe. Mass mortality events associated with emerging infectious diseases are often associated with high number of infected individuals (prevalence) and high pathogen loads within individuals (intensity). At the landscape scale, spatial and temporal variation in environmental conditions can alter the relationship between these infection parameters and blur the overall picture of disease dynamics.

Quantitative estimates of how infection parameters covary with environmental heterogeneity at the landscape scale are scarce. If we are to identify wild populations at risk of disease epidemics, we must elucidate the factors that shape, and potentially decouple, the link between pathogen prevalence and intensity of infection over complex ecological landscapes.

Using a network of 41 populations of the amphibian host Rana pipiens in Ontario, Canada, we present the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in pathogen prevalence and intensity of infection of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), across a 3‐year period. We then quantify how covariation between both infection parameters measured during late summer is modified by previously experienced spatiotemporal environmental heterogeneity across 14 repeat sampled populations.

Late summer Bd infection parameters are governed, at least in part, by different environmental factors operating during separate host life‐history events. Our results provide evidence for a relationship between Bd prevalence and thermal regimes prior to host breeding at the site level, and a relationship between intensity of infection and aquatic conditions (precipitation, hydroshed size and river density) throughout host breeding period at the site level. This demonstrates that microclimatic variation within temporal windows can drive divergent patterns of pathogen dynamics within and across years, by effecting changes in host behaviour which interfere with the pathogen's ability to infect and re‐infect hosts.

A clearer understanding of the role that spatiotemporal heterogeneity has upon infection parameters will provide valuable insights into host–pathogen epidemiology, as well as more fundamental aspects of the ecology and evolution of interspecific interactions.
Agriculture and Brexit Britain's ‘No‐deal’ Tariff Plans
Authors: Swinbank Alan 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn March 2019 the UK government published details of the import tariffs it planned to apply in the event of a ‘no‐deal’ Brexit from the EU. Some 88 per cent of the UK's imports – including many agri‐food products – would enter tariff‐free. This proposed unilateral reduction in border protection promoted few protests from the UK's farm lobby, in marked contrast to the reaction voiced by EU farmers to the planned trade agreement with Mercosur. Trade diplomats are often loath to contemplate unilateral tariff cuts, as these could later form a crucial part of a bargain in multilateral or bilateral trade deals. Indeed, the UK's ‘no‐deal’ tariff plan could undermine its objective of concluding ambitious Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with the likes of Australia and the USA. Despite these developments in agri‐trade policy, UK politicians continued to express concern about the viability of UK agriculture in a ‘no‐deal’ scenario, and some promised to lavish tax‐payer‐funded support on the sector. Thus both free (or freer) trade and agricultural exceptionalism were canvassed cheek by jowl.
Low‐flow apnoeic oxygenation for laryngeal surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: O'Loughlin C. J. , Phyland D. J. , Vallance N. A. , Giddings C. , Malkoutzis E. , Gunasekera E. , Webb A. , Barnes R. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryLaryngeal surgery requires a shared airway and close collaboration between surgeon and anaesthetist in order to optimise operating conditions. Apnoeic oxygenation uses the principle of aventilatory mass flow to maintain oxygenation of pulmonary capillary blood under apnoeic conditions while minimising laryngeal movement. Concerns regarding accumulation of carbon dioxide and resultant acidaemia have limited the use of the technique. We performed a prospective study of low‐flow apnoeic oxygenation for patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy under general anaesthesia in order to evaluate the ability of the technique to maintain oxygenation and determine the resultant rate of carbon dioxide accumulation. Sixty‐four patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy under general anaesthesia were studied between November 2016 and December 2018. Intra‐operative oxygenation was provided via a 10‐French oxygen catheter placed into the trachea delivering oxygen at 0.5–1.0 l.min−1. Data regarding apnoea time, peripheral oxygen saturation and venous blood gas concentrations were recorded. The mean (SD) duration of apnoea was 18.7 (7.2) min. Apnoeic oxygenation allowed successful completion of the surgical procedure in 62/64 patients. Mean (SD) rate of rise of the venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 0.15 (0.10) kPa.min−1. Operating conditions were recorded qualitatively as being adequate in all cases. No adverse effects were reported. Low‐flow intra‐tracheal apnoeic oxygenation is a simple, effective and inexpensive technique to maintain oxygenation for laryngeal surgery.
Psychiatric Advance Directives and their relevance to improving psychiatric care in Asian countries
Authors: Poremski Daniel , Alexander Mark , Fang Tina , Tan Giles Ming‐Yee , Ong Samantha , Su Alex , Fung Daniel , Chua Hong Choon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPeople with mental illness may be unable to provide critical input about the care they wish to receive during a psychiatric crisis because of altered mental states. It is therefore imperative that clinicians seek to understand service users' wishes for care while they are well and able to provide meaningful input into the discussion. Achieving such an end may be done by discussing and completing a psychiatric advance directive. However, very few Asian countries have legislation that supports such advance directives. The present article seeks to give physicians more information about advance psychiatric directives and the potential role they could play to improve the healthcare provided in Asia to people at risk of losing capacity due to a mental illness. The degree to which mental health legislation supports psychiatric advance directives is documented for each country of South East Asia and Eastern Asia.
Personal Belief in a Just World and Conscientiousness: A meta‐analysis, facet‐level examination, and mediation model
Authors: Nudelman Gabriel , Otto Kathleen 
Published: December 2019

Extensive research efforts have been devoted to understanding the nature of Conscientiousness, the only Big Five personality trait that has been robustly linked to professional achievement and longevity. We proposed that Conscientiousness is associated with Personal Belief in a Just World (PBJW), that is, the extent to which an individual believes that her or his efforts will be rewarded. To investigate this proposition, we undertook a meta‐analysis synthesizing past findings regarding the relationship between PBJW and Conscientiousness; we confirmed a positive relationship between the two constructs (r = .16) based on 17 samples and 5,810 individuals. We further proposed a theoretical framework linking PBJW to specific facets of Conscientiousness. A survey of a representative sample of the US population (n = 311) confirmed that PBJW is positively correlated with the specific facets of Self‐efficacy, Achievement‐striving, and Self‐discipline. Internal Locus of Control mediated these associations, elucidating the underlying processes linking PBJW and Conscientiousness.
Low prevalence of maternal microchimerism in peripheral blood of Japanese children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ushijima K. , Okuno M. , Ayabe T. , Kikuchi N. , Kawamura T. , Urakami T. , Yokota I. , Amemiya S. , Uchiyama T. , Kikuchi T. , Ogata T. , Sugihara S. , Fukami M. ,   The Japanese Study Group of Insulin Therapy for Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo clarify the prevalence and degree of maternal microchimerism in Japanese children with type 1 diabetes, as well as its effect on phenotypic variation.MethodsWe studied 153 Japanese children with type 1 diabetes, including 124 children positive for β‐cell autoantibodies, and their 71 unaffected siblings. The number of circulating microchimeric cells per 105 host cells was estimated by the use of quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction targeting non‐transmitted maternal human leukocyte antigen alleles. The results were compared to previous data from white European people. Phenotypic comparison was performed between maternal microchimerism carriers and non‐carriers with diabetes.ResultsMaternal microchimerism was detected in 15% of children with autoantibody‐positive type 1 diabetes, 28% of children with autoantibody‐negative type 1 diabetes, and 16% of unaffected siblings. There were no differences in the prevalence or levels of maternal microchimerism among the three groups or between the children with type 1 diabetes and their unaffected siblings. Furthermore, maternal microchimerism carriers and non‐carriers exhibited similar phenotypes.ConclusionsMaternal microchimerism appears to be less common in Japanese children with type 1 diabetes than in white European people. Our data indicate that maternal microchimerism is unlikely to be a major trigger or a phenotypic determinant of type 1 diabetes in Japanese children and that the biological significance of maternal microchimerism in type 1 diabetes may differ among ethnic groups.
The prognostic role of myocardial strain indices and dipyridamole stress test in renal transplantation patients
Authors: Lakkas Lampros , Naka Katerina K , Bechlioulis Aris , Girdis Ioannis , Duni Anila , Koutlas Vasileios , Moustakli Maria , Katsouras Christos S , Dounousi Evangelia , Michalis Lampros K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionRenal transplantation (RT) increases survival in end‐stage kidney disease patients but cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the role of myocardial strain (2DSTE) indices and dipyridamole‐induced (DIPSE) changes in echocardiographic parameters at baseline for the prediction of clinical events and echocardiographically assessed deterioration of cardiac function in a RT population.MethodsForty‐five RT patients underwent an echocardiographic study at baseline including 2DSTE and DIPSE. If no cardiovascular/renal event occurred, patients were investigated at 3‐year follow‐up; eight patients presented a clinical event while 37 patients were re‐evaluated.ResultsCoronary flow reserve (CFR) was abnormal in 24% of the population. DIPSE induced improvements in classic and 2DSTE systolic and diastolic echocardiographic indices including TWIST, UNTWIST, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and circumferential strain (P < .05 for all). Compared to baseline, deteriorations in E/E’, LVEF, E’, and TWIST were observed at follow‐up (P < .05 for all). DIPSE‐induced changes in GLS, global radial strain, and LVEF were associated with changes in these indices at follow‐up (P < .05 for all). Higher LV mass index, E/E’, and lower MAPSE, E’, and CFR at baseline were associated with the occurrence of clinical events at follow‐up (P < .05 for all).ConclusionsIn RT patients, coronary vascular dysfunction (ie, low CFR) was associated with the occurrence of adverse events. DIPSE‐induced changes in myocardial strain and classic echocardiographic indices could identify individuals with a subclinical deterioration in cardiac function at follow‐up. This may indicate that DIPSE could serve as a means to assess myocardial reserve in this population.
Assessment of the quality of fetal heart standard views using the FAST, STAR, and FINE four‐dimensional ultrasound techniques in the screening of congenital heart diseases
Authors: Carrilho Milene Carvalho , Rolo Liliam Cristine , Tonni Gabriele , Araujo Júnior Edward 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the quality of standard fetal echocardiographic views obtained by four‐dimensional ultrasound with those obtained by the simple targeted arterial rendering (STAR) technique, four‐chamber view swing technique (FAST), and fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography (FINE/5D Heart®) technique.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional prospective study that included pregnant women between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation, with normal fetuses. Fetal heart volumes were acquired using spatio‐temporal image correlation (STIC) with the fetal spine between 2 and 9 o'clock. The FAST/STAR techniques consist of the manipulation of STIC volumes by drawing OmniView™ lines to obtain echocardiographic views. The FINE/5D Heart® technique uses intelligent navigation to automatically generate echocardiographic views. The quality of the images was classified as excellent, good, acceptable, and unacceptable. The analysis was performed using the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test.ResultsThe study included 101 pregnant women aged between 16 and 44 years. There was no mean difference in image quality between the techniques regarding fetal spine position in all echocardiographic views (P > .05). However, in the five‐chamber, left ventricular outflow tract, right ventricular outflow tract, ductal arch, superior vena cava/inferior vena cava, and abdomen/stomach views, there was a statistically significant mean difference quality between the techniques, regardless of the spine position (P < .05). The best mean image quality was obtained by the FINE technique (P ≤ .016 for all fetal echocardiographic views).ConclusionThe quality of the echocardiographic views obtained using the FINE technique was superior to that of those generated by the FAST/STAR techniques in normal fetuses.