bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Chiral Bambusurils: Synthesis and Host‐Guest Interactions with Chiral Carboxylates
Authors: Sokolov Jan , Štefek Adam , Šindelář Vladimír 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBambusurils are a class of macrocyclic anion receptors that exhibit notable anion recognition properties, able to bind various inorganic anions as well the carboxylates or sulfonates. Recently, we reported enantioselective recognition of chiral carboxylates using non‐functionalized chiral bambusuril derivatives. Herein, we report the synthesis and host‐guest properties of two new representatives of chiral bambusuril macrocycles bearing ester functional groups, differing by the substituents attached to their portals. Their supramolecular properties in terms of carboxylate binding were studied by means of NMR in DMSO‐d6. The reported bambusurils bind selected chiral carboxylates with enantioselectivity factors up to 3.1. The results indicated that the selectivity towards different carboxylates is governed by the steric constraint of the substituents surrounding bambusuril portals. No clear trend in the binding affinities and their enantioselectivities was found.
St. Augustinegrass quality and nutrient content in response to granular and foliar iron, manganese, and magnesium
Authors: Shaddox Travis W. , Unruh J. Bryan , Restuccia Natasha G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIron, manganese (Mn), and magnesium (Mg) are common components of turfgrass nutrition programs. A 2‐yr study was conducted simultaneously in Jay and Citra, FL, to determine the influence of Fe, Mn, and Mg on ‘Palmetto’ St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze.] quality and leaf nutrient concentration. Treatments included foliar Fe, Mn, and Mg sulfate and glucoheptonate; and granular Fe, Mn, and Mg sulfate and sucrate. Treatments were applied monthly from June to September during 2014 and 2015. Turfgrass receiving foliar Fe resulted in increased annual average turfgrass quality compared with untreated turfgrass in Citra during 2014 and in Jay during 2014 and 2015, which was associated with increased Fe in leaf tissue. Granular Mg did not influence turfgrass quality, whereas foliar Mg increased turfgrass quality by ∼10% during the last 4 wk of 2014 in Jay. Generally, foliar Mn did not influence turfgrass quality or tissue Mn concentrations, whereas granular Mn reduced turfgrass quality by ∼20% in Citra during 2015. Granular and foliar forms of Mn or Mg may not be warranted on turfgrass grown under similar conditions. Foliar Fe appears to be a reliable method of increasing St. Augustinegrass quality. Moreover, few differences were measured between foliar Fe sources, indicating that the least expensive foliar Fe source may be the most effective option for consumers. Evidence suggests that granular Fe does not improve turfgrass quality or tissue Fe concentrations and can therefore be removed from St. Augustinegrass nutritional programs without concerns of repercussions.
Scheduling data aggregation trees to extend network lifetime in sensor networks
Authors: Kale Preeti A. , Nene Manisha J. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIncreasing network lifetime (NL) is an important requirement in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). One of the techniques to extend NL is to use Data Aggregation Trees (DATs). DATs improve NL by combining the energy efficiency benefits of both Data Aggregation (DA) and tree‐based routing. While centralized and distributed strategies for DAT construction are widely used, we propose a combined approach for DAT construction to improve NL. The approach reduces the communication overhead and relaxes the requirement of complete network information at the sink. In the proposed work, this collaborative approach is termed as Extended Local View (ELV) approach. Two ELV‐based DAT construction algorithms termed as ELV with Fixed sink (ELVF) and ELV with Random sink (ELVR) are proposed. Both ELVF and ELVR use heuristics‐based technique of Local Path Reestablishment (LPR) and greedy‐based technique of Extended Path Reestablishment (EPR). Using these techniques a sequence of DATs are scheduled that collectively improve NL and also reduce the associated DAT reconstruction overhead. Performance of ELVF and ELVR is evaluated with rigorous experiments, and the simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have improved NL and are scalable across different DA ratio values. DAT schedule analysis further demonstrates reduced DAT reconstruction overhead of the proposed algorithms which illustrates its suitability for hostile and critical environments.
Honey bees and wild pollinators differ in their preference for and use of introduced floral resources
Authors: Urbanowicz Christine , Muñiz Paige A. , McArt Scott H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduced plants may be important foraging resources for honey bees and wild pollinators, but how often and why pollinators visit introduced plants across an entire plant community is not well understood. Understanding the importance of introduced plants for pollinators could help guide management of these plants and conservation of pollinator habitat. We assessed how floral abundance and pollinator preference influence pollinator visitation rate and diversity on 30 introduced versus 24 native plants in central New York. Honey bees visited introduced and native plants at similar rates regardless of floral abundance. In contrast, as floral abundance increased, wild pollinator visitation rate decreased more strongly for introduced plants than native plants. Introduced plants as a group and native plants as a group did not differ in bee diversity or preference, but honey bees and wild pollinators preferred different plant species. As a case study, we then focused on knapweed (Centaureaspp.), an introduced plant that was the most preferred plant by honey bees, and that beekeepers value as a late‐summer foraging resource. We compared the extent to which honey bees versus wild pollinators visited knapweed relative to coflowering plants, and we quantified knapweed pollen and nectar collection by honey bees across 22 New York apiaries. Honey bees visited knapweed more frequently than coflowering plants and at a similar rate as all wild pollinators combined. All apiaries contained knapweed pollen in nectar, 86% of apiaries contained knapweed pollen in bee bread, and knapweed was sometimes a main pollen or nectar source for honey bees in late summer. Our results suggest that because of diverging responses to floral abundance and preferences for different plants, honey bees and wild pollinators differ in their use of introduced plants. Depending on the plant and its abundance, removing an introduced plant may impact honey bees more than wild pollinators.
Tree litter functional diversity and nitrogen concentration enhance litter decomposition via changes in earthworm communities
Authors: Patoine Guillaume , Bruelheide Helge , Haase Josephine , Nock Charles , Ohlmann Niklas , Schwarz Benjamin , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiodiversity is a major driver of numerous ecosystem functions. However, consequences of changes in forest biodiversity remain difficult to predict because of limited knowledge about how tree diversity influences ecosystem functions. Litter decomposition is a key process affecting nutrient cycling, productivity, and carbon storage and can be influenced by plant biodiversity. Leaf litter species composition, environmental conditions, and the detritivore community are main components of the decomposition process, but their complex interactions are poorly understood. In this study, we tested the effect of tree functional diversity (FD) on litter decomposition in a field experiment manipulating tree diversity and partitioned the effects of litter physiochemical diversity and the detritivore community. We used litterbags with different mesh sizes to separate the effects of microorganisms and microfauna, mesofauna, and macrofauna and monitored soil fauna using pitfall traps and earthworm extractions. We hypothesized that higher tree litter FD accelerates litter decomposition due to the availability of complementary food components and higher activity of detritivores. Although we did not find direct effects of tree FD on litter decomposition, we identified key litter traits and macrodetritivores that explained part of the process. Litter mass loss was found to decrease with an increase in leaf litter carbon:nitrogen ratio. Moreover, litter mass loss increased with an increasing density of epigeic earthworms, with most pronounced effects in litterbags with a smaller mesh size, indicating indirect effects. Higher litter FD and litter nutrient content were found to increase the density of surface‐dwelling macrofauna and epigeic earthworm biomass. Based on structural equation modeling, we conclude that tree FD has a weak positive effect on soil surface litter decomposition by increasing the density of epigeic earthworms and that litter nitrogen‐related traits play a central role in tree composition effects on soil fauna and decomposition.
Management of hyperkalaemia in acute kidney injury in a heart failure patient with patiromer
Authors: Slawik Jonathan , Dederer Juliane , Kindermann Ingrid , Böhm Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsOne prevalent comorbidity of chronic heart failure (CHF) is chronic kidney disease(CKD). Hyperkalemia is associated with both CHF and CKD, which often leads to withdrawal of heart failure medications in clinical praxis.Methods and resultsA patient is presented who suffered from acute kidney injury with pre‐existing CKD as heart failure comorbidity and a history of hyperkalemia.ConclusionsThis case shows that potassium levels remained stable in acute kidney injury under ongoing heart failure medications, including an MRA, with the use of the potassium binder patiromer.
Coagulation factor XIII activity predicts left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Frey Anna , Gassenmaier Tobias , Hofmann Ulrich , Schmitt Dominik , Fette Georg , Marx Almuth , Herterich Sabine , Boivin‐Jahns Valérie , Ertl Georg , Bley Thorsten , Frantz Stefan , Jahns Roland , Störk Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsAcute myocardial infarction (MI) is the major cause of chronic heart failure. The activity of blood coagulation factor XIII (FXIIIa) plays an important role in rodents as a healing factor after MI, whereas its role in healing and remodelling processes in humans remains unclear. We prospectively evaluated the relevance of FXIIIa after acute MI as a potential early prognostic marker for adequate healing.Methods and resultsThis monocentric prospective cohort study investigated cardiac remodelling in patients with ST‐elevation MI and followed them up for 1 year. Serum FXIIIa was serially assessed during the first 9 days after MI and after 2, 6, and 12 months. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 4 days after MI (Scan 1), after 7 to 9 days (Scan 2), and after 12 months (Scan 3). The FXIII valine‐to‐leucine (V34L) single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs5985 was genotyped. One hundred forty‐six patients were investigated (mean age 58 ± 11 years, 13% women). Median FXIIIa was 118% (quartiles, 102–132%) and dropped to a trough on the second day after MI: 109% (98–109%; P < 0.001). FXIIIa recovered slowly over time, reaching the baseline level after 2 to 6 months and surpassed baseline levels only after 12 months: 124% (110–142%). The development of FXIIIa after MI was independent of the genotype. FXIIIa on Day 2 was strongly and inversely associated with the relative size of MI in Scan 1 (Spearman's ρ = –0.31; P = 0.01) and Scan 3 (ρ = –0.39; P < 0.01) and positively associated with left ventricular ejection fraction: ρ = 0.32 (P < 0.01) and ρ = 0.24 (P = 0.04), respectively.ConclusionsFXIII activity after MI is highly dynamic, exhibiting a significant decline in the early healing period, with reconstitution 6 months later. Depressed FXIIIa early after MI predicted a greater size of MI and lower left ventricular ejection fraction after 1 year. The clinical relevance of these findings awaits to be tested in a randomized trial.
A guaranteed data transmission system for wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Gopi R , Jayanthi J , Pandiyan Sanjeevi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWireless ad hoc networks are highly used in the current network environment in spite of its effectiveness, reliable, minimum cost utilization, and non‐static infrastructure. To achieve the Quality of Service (QoS) in the wireless ad hoc network, resources in the network should be used properly. Here the QoS to be ensured is edge to edge latency, uneasiness, and packet loss. During information passing in a multi‐hop edge to edge interaction, the nodes in between the sender and receiver may intrude or monitor or listen to the information without the consent of the sender and receiver. To overcome these disadvantages, an assured and flexible information transmission should take place between the sender and receiver. In this regard, an optimal model called CQASS has been proposed to attain better performance by assuring the edge to edge interaction in wireless ad hoc networks. The edge to edge interaction is assured and protected by authentication. An optimistic connection identity from the pool of delivery connection is used to maintain the QoS. Flexible symmetric encryption using the secret key is implemented for node communication. The proposed model CQASS will not allow any malevolent nodes to interact with the legal in between nodes for the information transmission even the proposed will not allow the malevolent nodes to enter the legal path between the sender and receiver. The proposed model results are compared with the existing systems and the proposed model increases the performance of the network through resulting in reduced packet lose, handling of uneasiness and minimizes the latency in edge to edge communication. Optimal key generation, better ciphering, minimized pricing, and effective storage and interaction are other features of the proposed model.
The effect of sorghum resistance resistant starch‐mediated equol on the histological morphology of the uterus and ovaries of postmenopausal rats
Authors: Ge Yun‐Fei , Wei Chun‐Hong , Wang Wei‐Hao , Cao Long‐Kui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEquol is a metabolite of daidzein and has a higher biological activity than daidzein. Equol, combined with estrogen receptors, can reduce the incidence of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and breast cancer; more effectively alleviate the symptoms of perimenopausal syndrome; and improve age‐related decline of the uterus and ovaries. Research has shown that food composition can greatly affect the formation of equol in the intestinal tract. In the intestines, the content of nonstarch polysaccharides that can stimulate fermentation is high, thereby allowing intestinal bacteria to quickly and completely transform the daidzein into equol. This study used Sprague Dawley (SD) rats as a model, where menopause was established through direct intragastric administration of formistan. In the 6‐week‐long experiment, intragastric administration of RS while feeding bean pulp reduced the body weight of postmenopausal rats, reduced the efficiency of feed utilization of rats, and increased the weight of organs such as the uterus and ovaries. Routine blood indexes showed that no adverse reactions were produced by intragastric administration of RS. 16s rDNA sequencing further verified Lactobacillus and Clostridium XIVa, as the bacteria that converted daidzein into equol.
Environmental Remediation with Functional Aerogels and Xerogels
Authors: Riley Brian J. , Chong Saehwa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral different types of aerogels and xerogels are demonstrated as effective sorbents for the capture and/or immobilization of radionuclides and other contaminants in gaseous form [e.g., Hg(g), I2(g), Xe, Kr] as well as ionic form (e.g., Cd2+, Ce4+, Cs+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, I−, IO3−, Kr, Pb2+, Rb+, Sr2+, 99Tc7+, U6+, Zn2+). These sorbents have unique properties, which include high specific surface areas, high pore volumes, a range of pore sizes, and functionalities that provide methods for binding radionuclides and other contaminants, generally through physisorption, chemisorption, or a combination thereof. This combination of properties and functionalities makes these types of materials ideal for use as sorbents for capturing radionuclides. The primary base materials that will be discussed in this paper include Ag0‐functionalized silica aerogels, Ag+‐impregnated aluminosilicate aerogels, Ag0‐functionalized aluminosilicate aerogels, metal‐impregnated (non‐Ag) aluminosilicate aerogels and xerogels, sulfide‐based aerogels, and carbon‐based aerogel composites. For the capture of I2(g), the materials reported herein show some of the highest iodine loadings ever reported for inorganic sorbents. For the capture of ionic species, these materials also show promise as next‐generation materials for active radionuclide remediation. This progress report describes materials fabrication, general properties, and environmental remediation applications.
A lottery test of the effect of dispensaries on emergency room visits in Arizona
Authors: Conyers Gregory , Ayres Ian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn August 2012, the Arizona Department of Health Services conducted a lottery to allocate licenses for the state's first medical marijuana dispensaries. The lottery randomly selected an applicant within each of 69 contested Community Health Analysis Areas to open a dispensary. By comparing 36 zip codes with winning applications to 48 zip codes with losing applications and weighting using propensity scores based on the true probability of winning, we estimate the causal effect of the allocation of a dispensary on the emergency room visits of residents of that zip code. Outcomes of interest are emergency room visits for acute symptoms caused by cannabis, opioids, alcohol, and cocaine. Using emergency room discharge data from 2010 to 2016, we find evidence of an increase in visits for acute cannabis‐related causes for the winning set of zip codes and weak evidence of an increase in visits for opioid‐related causes. The results indicate that in the four years following the lottery, emergency room visits for acute cannabis causes rose by approximately 45% in allocated zip codes relative to non‐allocated zip codes. Because of the high likelihood of spillovers to neighboring zip codes, these effects are likely underestimates.
Design‐based research: Studying the effects of an escape room on students' knowledge and perceptions
Authors: Frenzel Jeanne E. , Cernusca Dan , Marg Carolyn , Schotters Brooke , Eukel Heidi N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionFaculty from North Dakota State University School of Pharmacy developed a team‐based, live game to create a synergy between the educational benefit of hands‐on activities and gaming. The diabetes escape room was developed and used to reinforce and improve pharmacy students' knowledge and skills in diabetes management.ObjectiveAn iterative, design‐based research process was used to evaluate the impact of a diabetes escape room on students' diabetes knowledge gain and perceptions.MethodsFaculty initiated an action research methodology to refine the design of a diabetes escape room using a design‐based research macrocycle with two iterations involving two cohorts of students. Pre‐ and postknowledge assessments as well as survey questions that assessed the perceived value of the activity on student learning were administered to students. The learning and research trajectories were modified in the second iteration to allow for design improvement and further insight into learning benefits. Following the second iteration, student teams were interviewed on their perceptions of the diabetes escape room and its effect on learning. These interviews were qualitatively analyzed.ResultsUsing paired and independent sample t‐tests, the postknowledge assessment scores were statistically and significantly higher than the preknowledge assessment scores for both iterations and students perceived the activity to be valuable for their learning. Team interviews identified two major themes in students' perception of the escape room including teamwork building and knowledge and skill building.ConclusionWhen instructional design principles are carefully implemented in the design of a serious game, students strengthen and enhance their prior knowledge of a subject by building both cognitive and practical skills. Design‐based research processes help refine and further investigate educational interventions.
Comparative study on the inactivation of MS2 and M13 bacteriophages using energetic femtosecond lasers
Authors: Berchtikou Aziz , Sokullu Esen , Nahar Sharifun , Tijssen Peter , Gauthier Marc A. , Ozaki Tsuneyuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFemtosecond (fs) laser irradiation techniques are emerging tools for inactivating viruses that do not involve ionizing radiation. In this work, the inactivation of two bacteriophages representing protective capsids with different geometric constraints, that is, the near‐spherical MS2 (with a diameter of 27 nm) and the filamentous M13 (with a length of 880 nm) is compared using energetic visible and near‐infrared fs laser pulses with various energies, pulse durations, and exposure times. Intriguingly, the results show that inactivation using 400 nm lasers is substantially more efficient for MS2 compared to M13. In contrast, using 800 nm lasers, M13 was slightly more efficiently inactivated. For both viruses, the genome was exposed to a harmful environment upon fs‐laser irradiation. However, in addition to the protection of the genome, the metastable capsids differ in many properties required for stepwise cell entry that may explain their dissimilar behavior after (partial) disassembly. For MS2, the dominant mechanism of fs‐laser inactivation was the aggregation of the viral capsid proteins, whereas aggregation did not affect M13 inactivation, suggesting that the dominant mechanism of M13 inactivation was related to breaking of secondary protein links.
HIP1R acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer by promoting cancer cell apoptosis and inhibiting migration and invasion through modulating Akt
Authors: Zhu Jinliang , Wang Xin , Guan Huiyuan , Xiao Qiong , Wu Zhonghua , Shi Jinxin , Zhang Fei , Gao Peng , Song Yongxi , Wang Zhenning 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuntingtin‐interacting protein 1‐related (HIP1R) is a multi‐domain gene that exerts many cellular functions including altering T cell–mediated cytotoxicity and controlling intracellular trafficking. However, its clinical significance and function in gastric cancer (GC) have not been described.MethodsThe expression levels of HIP1R were tested by the transcriptional and translational expression analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in matched adjacent non‐tumorous vs tumor tissue specimens. The biological function of HIP1R on apoptosis, migration, and proliferation was evaluated by flow cytometry, Transwell, Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assays, colony formation assays, and EdU labeling assays, respectively.ResultsWe found downregulated HIP1R in GC compared with adjacent non‐tumorous tissue, and HIP1R expression associated with N classification. We further found that the expression of HIP1R could induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, invasion of GC cells, possibly through modulating Akt.ConclusionsOur data indicate that HIP1R may act as a potential diagnostic biomarker and a tumor suppressor gene in GC, potentially representing a novel therapeutic target for future GC treatment.