bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GCOM-C (SHIKISAI) Second-generation Global Imager infrared observation of active volcanoes: Case studies from the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Kaneko Takayuki , Yasuda Atsushi , Takasaki Kenji , Nakano Shun , Fujii Toshitsugu , Honda Yoshiaki , Kajiwara Kouji , Murakami Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The GCOM-C (SHIKISAI) satellite was developed to understand the mechanisms of global climate change. The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) onboard GCOM-C is an optical sensor observing wavelengths from 380 nm to 12.0 µm in 19 bands. One of the notable features is that the resolution of the 1.63-, 10.8-, and 12.0-µm bands is 250 m, with an observation frequency of 2–3 days. To investigate the effective use and potential of the 250-m resolution of these SGLI bands in the study of eruptive activities, we analyzed four practical cases. As an example of large-scale effusive activity, we studied the 2018 Kilauea eruption. By analyzing the series of 10.8-µm band images using cumulative thermal anomaly maps, we could observe that the lava effused on the lower East Rift Zone, initially flowed down the southern slope to the sea, and then moved eastward. As an example of lava dome growth and generation of associated pyroclastic flows, the activity at Sheveluch between December 2018 and December 2019 was analyzed. The 1.63- and 10.8-µm bands were shown to be suitable for observing growth of the lava dome and occurrence of pyroclastic flows, respectively. We found that the pyroclastic flows occurred during periods of rapid lava dome expansion. For the study of an active crater lake, the activity of Ijen during 2019 was analyzed. The lake temperature was found to rise rapidly in mid-May and reach 38 °C in mid-June. We also analyzed the intermittent activities of small-scale Vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima in 2019. The 1.63-µm band was useful for detecting activities that are associated with Vulcanian eruptions. Analytical results for these case studies demonstrated that the GCOM-C SGLI images are beneficial for observing various aspects of volcanic activity, and their real-time use may contribute to reducing eruption-related disasters.
Camptothecin regulates microglia polarization and exerts neuroprotective effects via the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1-NF-κB signal axis in vivo and in vitro
Authors: he dewei , liu dianfeng , zhou ang , gao xiyu , zhang yufei , su yingchun , ran xin , huang bingxu , du jian , fu shoupeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Parkinson's disease (PD), the second largest neurodegenerative disease seriously affects human health. Microglia, the main immune cells in the brain participate in the innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have shown that microglia can be polarized into pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Accumulated evidences suggest that over-activated M1 microglia release pro-inflammatory mediators that damage neurons and lead to Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast, M2 microglia release neuroprotective factors and exert the effects of neuroprotection. Camptothecin (CPT), an extract of the plant Camptotheca acuminate, has been reported to have anti-inflammation and antitumor effects. However the effect of CPT on microglia polarization and microglia-mediated inflammation responses has not been reported. Therefore, we aim to explore the effect of CPT on microglia polarization and its underlying mechanism on neuroinflammation.
Methods

C57BL/6 mice (25–30 g) were injected LPS or PBS into the substantia nigra (SN). Open-Field Test and Immunohistochemistry were performed to test the dyskinesia of mice and the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Microglia cell line BV-2, the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and dopaminergic neuron MN9D cell were cultured. Cytotoxicity assay, reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, ELISA and Immunofluorescence staining were performed. All results were presented with mean ± SD.
Results

In vivo, CPT improved dyskinesia of mice, reduced the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and inhibited neuro-inflammatory responses in LPS-injected mice. In vitro, CPT inhibited M1 polarization of microglia and promotes M2 polarization via the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1-NF-κB signal axis. Furthermore, CPT protected the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and dopaminergic neuron cell line MN9D from neurotoxicity of mediated by microglia activation.
Conclusion

CPT regulates the microglia polarization phenotype via the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1-NF-κB signal axis, inhibits neuro-inflammatory responses and exerts neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro.
Microbiome and metabolic changes in milk in response to artemisinin supplementation in dairy cows
Authors: Hou Kun , Tong Jinjin , Zhang Hua , Gao Shan , Guo Yuqin , Niu Hui , Xiong Benhai , Jiang Linshu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of artemisinin (ART) on the milk microbiome and metabolites of dairy cow. A total of 12 mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows with similar parity, days in milk were randomly divided into 2 groups receiving either a total mixed ration (TMR) as the control group or this TMR and 120 g/d/head ART as the ART group. The milk samples were collected weekly to determine the contents, and end-of-trial (wk 8) milk samples were used to identify microbial species and metabolite profiles by 16S rRNA and LC-MS analyses, respectively. We observed that the milk fat content significantly increased by ART treantment (P < 0.05). The bacterial community richness was significantly lower in the ART group (P < 0.05), while the diversity showed no difference (P > 0.05). Compared with its abundance in the CON group, Firmicutes was significantly decreased, whereas Proteobacteria was significantly increased. Furthermore, in the ART group, the relative abundances of the genera Aerococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium_1 and Facklamia were significantly lower (P < 0.01). Metabolomics analysis revealed that ART significantly increasing the concentrations of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids and flavonoids compared with those in the CON group. An enrichment analysis of the different metabolites showed that ART mainly affected glycerophospholipid metabolism and the pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathways. These findings revealed that ART supplementation could affect the milk microbiota and metabolites, that glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids could be potential biomarkers in the milk response to ART feed in dairy cows, and that ART changes substances in milk by maintaining lipid metabolism in the mammary gland.
Elective removal vs. retaining of hardware after osteosynthesis in asymptomatic patients – A scoping review.
Authors: Prediger Barbara , Mathes Tim , Probst Christian , Pieper Dawid 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Osteosynthesis is the internal fixation of fractures or osteotomy by mechanical devices (also called hardware). After bone healing there are two options: One is to remove the hardware the other is to leave it in place. The elective removal of the hardware in asymptomatic patients is controversially discussed. We performed a scoping review to assess if there is evidence on the removal of hardware in patients without medical indication (elective) compared to retaining of the hardware. In addition we wanted to find out which type of evidence is available. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in Pubmed, Embase, EconLit and Cinahl (11/2019). We included studies comparing asymptomatic patients with an internal fixation in the lower or upper extremities whose internal fixation was electively (without medical indication) removed or retained. We did not restrict inclusion to any effectiveness/safety outcome and considered any comparative study design as eligible. Study selection and data extraction was performed by two reviewers. Results We identified 13476 titles/abstracts. Of these we obtained 115 full-text publications which were assessed in detail against the inclusion criteria. We included 13 studies (1 RCT, 4 cohort studies, 8 before-after studies) and identified two ongoing RCTs. Nine assessed the removal of the internal fixation in the lower extremities (six of these syndesmotic screws in ankle fractures only) and two in the upper extremities. One study analysed the effectiveness of hardware removal in children in all types of extremity fractures. Outcomes reported included various scales measuring functionality, pain and clinical assessments (e.g. range of motion) and health-related quality of life. Conclusions We identified 13 studies that evaluated the effectiveness/safety of hardware removal in the extremities. Moreover we found two ongoing RCTs. The follow up times were short, the patient groups small and the ways of measurement differed. In general clinical heterogeneity was high. Evidence on selected topics e.g. syndesmotic screw removal is available nevertheless not sufficient to allow a meaningful assessment of effectiveness.
UGT1A1 Polymorphism has a Prognostic Effect in Patients with Stage Ib or II Uterine Cervical Cancer and one or no Metastatic Pelvic Nodes Receiving Irinotecan Chemotherapy
Authors: Matsuoka Hideki , Murakami Ryusuke , Abiko Kaoru , Yamaguchi Ken , Horie Akihito , Hamanishi Junzo , Baba Tsukasa , Mandai Masaki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background UGT1A1 is a predictive biomarker for the side-effects of irinotecan; irinotecan chemotherapy reduces the volume of tumors harboring UGT1A1 polymorphisms. We aimed to determine whether UGT1A1 polymorphisms can predict progression-free survival in patients with local cervical cancer treated with irinotecan.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 52 patients with cervical cancer treated at a single institution between 2010 and 2015. All patients were diagnosed with stage IB1, IB2, IIA, or IIB squamous cell carcinoma, underwent radical hysterectomy, and received irinotecan chemotherapy as neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant treatment. All patients were examined using UGT1A1 tests for measuring side-effects of irinotecan. Conditional inference tree and survival analyses were performed considering stage, age, UGT1A1 status, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes, to determine primary factors related to progression-free survival.Results The tree-structured survival model determined high recurrence-risk factors related to progression-free survival. The most relevant factor was ≥ 2 metastatic lymph nodes (p = 0.003). The second most relevant was UGT1A1 genotype (p = 0.026). Among patients with ≤ 1 metastatic lymph node, those with UGT1A1 polymorphisms benefited from irinotecan chemotherapy and demonstrated significantly longer progression-free survival (p = 0.025) than those with wild-type UGT1A1.Conclusion Irinotecan chemotherapy has the potential to benefit patients with cervical cancer, UGT1A1 polymorphism, and ≤ 1 metastatic lymph nodes.
Incidence and Prognosis of Bone Metastases in Common Solid Cancers at Initial Diagnosis: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wa Qingde , Hong Song , Cai Dongfeng , Peng Jiachen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Bone is one of the most common sites of advanced tumors. However, there is currently a lack of population-based surveys for the incidence and prognosis of bone metastases in common solid cancers.Methods Patients with 12 types of primary cancer and bone metastases at initial diagnosis between 2010 and 2015 were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox logistic regression were conducted to analyze survival and the effect of bone metastases on different cancers.Results We included 89,782 patients with bone metastases at cancer diagnosis. Lung cancer had the highest incidence (17.61%) of bone metastases at diagnosis in any stage, followed by liver cancer (6.29%), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (6.22%) and renal cancer (5.19%). Among patients with breast and prostate cancer, only 3.4% and 4.39%, respectively, were identified as having bone metastases at diagnosis. Breast cancer (32.1%), prostate cancer (25.2%), thyroid cancer (46.8%) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (24.8%) patients with only bone metastasis have an over 20% five-year survival rate. Compared with patients at a stage previous to metastasis, bone metastasis significantly increased the risk of mortality and reduced survival time, especially for patients with prostate cancer (HR: 19.64, 95% CI 18.36 to 21.02). Concomitant other organ metastases make patient survival worse. Regarding the metastases of prostate cancer, bone metastases are the main type, while for colorectal cancer, bone metastases and concomitant visceral metastases mainly occur.Conclusions The findings of this study provide estimates of the incidence and prognosis of patients with bone metastases during the initial diagnosis of common solid cancers. In addition, we also clarified the degree to which bone metastasis affects patient survival. Patient prognosis depends on the primary type of cancer. These results can be used as a reference for the screening of metastases, and the optimization of personalized treatment options to improve the quality of life and survival of patients.
Linkage disequilibrium analysis of global populations confirms presence of regulatory SNP rs11615992 of human P2RX7 gene and uncovers rs61083578 as potential alternative in fixed allele populations
Authors: Chavez Mauro , Wilson Jacquelyn , Racette Lynnae , Crawford Gregory 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The P2RX7 gene is ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body and encodes for ligand-gated ion channels. P2RX7 also contains the non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3751143 which has been linked to decreased ion channel function and diseases such as prostate cancer, tuberculosis, bipolar disorder, inflammation and Parkinson's disease amongst others. While there have been many studies on this gene, few dive into the allele-specific expression (ASE) of P2RX7. Previous research has shown over-expression of the rs3751143 wild-type A allele over the C allele in lung tissues of heterozygous individuals correlated with the presence of downstream SNP variant rs11615992. Linkage disequilibrium was demonstrated between these two SNPs in populations in China. This article aims to expand current knowledge for which SNPs near the P2RX7 gene are in linkage disequilibrium with rs3751143; expanding upon findings of Peng et al (2019). By using various bioinformatic tools on variant data gleaned from the 1000 Genomes Project, this analysis confirms that the downstream SNP rs11615992 is in strong LD with rs3751143 in populations across the world, outside of the initially studied Chinese groups. Furthermore, in the case of African populations, where rs11615992 seems fixed, rs61083578 was identified as a potential downstream regulatory element to P2RX7 allele-specific expression. The goal of this study is to contribute to the understanding of P2RX7 gene expression on a global scale with respect to regulation by SNPs surrounding the P2RX7 gene itself, strengthening the relevance of the research performed by Peng et al (2019).
Extensively Drug-Resistant Alcaligenes Faecalis Infection
Authors: Huang Chienhsiu , Chia-Yi Taiwan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Alcaligenes faecalis is usually opportunistic infection in humans. Alcaligenes faecalis infection is often challenging to treat due to its increased resistance to many antibiotics. The results from a clinical study of Alcaligenes faecalis infection may help improve patients’ clinical care.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients presenting with Alcaligenes faecalis infection from January 2014 through December 2019. The medical records of all patients were reviewed for demographic information, clinical symptoms and signs, comorbidities, use of intravenous antibiotics within the past 3 months, bacterial culture, antibiotics sensitivity test, and clinical outcomes.Results: Sixty-one cases of Alcaligenes faecalis infection were seen during the study period, including 25 cases of urinary tract infection, 9 cases of diabetic foot ulcer with infection, 8 cases of pneumonia, 7 cases of acute pyelonephritis, 3 cases of bacteremia, 9 cases of infection at other sites. Thirty-four patients (55.7%) had a history of receiving intravenous antibiotics within 3 months of the diagnosis. Fifty-one (81.9%) cases involved polymicrobial infections. Extensive drug-resistant infections have been reported since 2018. The highest antibiotic sensitivity rate for Alcaligenes faecalis, 75%, was reported from 2018 to 2019. Ciprofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, amikacin, and cefepime are not good choices for empiric therapy of Alcaligenes faecalis infection.Conclusions: The most frequent Alcaligenes faecalis infection sites were in the urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, and lung. Most cases were polymicrobial infections. Alcaligenes faecalis showed markedly deceasing sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics and, more recently, extensive drug-resistant Alcaligenes faecalis infections have emerged.
Network pharmacology-based strategy to investigate pharmacological mechanisms of Ginkgo Biloba Extract for Aging
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Liu Yue , Zhang Wantong , Sun Mingyue , Weng Weiliang , Gao Rui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Aging represents the main risk factor for a number of debilitating diseases and contributes to increase in mortality. Previous studies have shown that ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) can prevent and treat aging-related diseases, but its pharmacological effects need to be further clarified. In this study, we proposed a network pharmacology-based method to identify the therapeutic pathways of EGb for aging.Methods The active components of EGb and targets of sample chemicals were obtained from TCMSP database. Aging-related genes were obtained by retrieving the Human Ageing Genomic Resources database and the JenAge Ageing Factor Database. Then, a network containing the interactions between the putative targets of EGb and known therapeutic targets of aging was built, which was used to investigate pharmacological mechanisms of EGb for Aging.Results 24 active components, 154 targets of active components of EGb and 308 targets of aging were obtained. Network construction and pathway enrichment were carried out after data integration. The research found that flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol) and beta-sitosterol might be the main active component of EGb. The top eight candidate targets, including PTGS2, PPARG, DPP4, GSK3B, CCNA2, AR, MAPK14, ESR1, were chosen as EGb’s main therapeutic targets. The results of pathway enrichment participated in various pathways associated with inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, ameliorating insulin resistance and regulating cellular biological processes, etc. Molecular docking results showed that PPARG had better binding capacity with beta-sitosterol and PTGS2 had better binding capacity with kaempferol and quercetin.Conclusions The main components of EGb might act on multiple targets, such as PTGS2, PPARG, DPP4, GSK3B, etc., to regulate multiple pathways and played an anti- aging role by inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, ameliorating insulin resistance.
Smoking and Incidence of Sleep Disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Hu Nan , Wang Chunyi , Liao Yan , Dai Qichen , Cao Shiyi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Both smoking and sleep disorder are worldwide problems and this study aim to investigate the impact of smoking on the incidence of sleep disorder.
Methods
PubMed, EMBASE and OVID were searched through March, 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of sleep disorder were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using fixed-effects meta-analyses.
Results
This systematic review included seven cohort studies involving 17,414 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested smoking could increase the incidence of sleep disorder (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.02,1.13). For regular smokers and occasional smokers, significant association between smoking and incidence of sleep disorder was found (regular smoker: OR = 1.07, 95% CI:1.01,1.13; occasional smoker: OR = 1.62, 95% CI:1.15,2.28). As for ex-smokers, the pooled analysis didn’t indicate a positive association (OR = 1.02, 95% CI:0.67,1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio and religion showed statistically significant relationship between smoking and incidence of sleep disorder in specific groups.
Conclusions
Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of sleep disorder. Considering the limited amount of available researches, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.
“Knowledge I seek because culture doesn’t work anymore … It doesn’t work, death comes”: The experiences of third generation female caregivers (“gogos”) in South Africa discussing sex and HIV and AIDS with children in their care
Authors: Simmonds Jane , Parry Charles , Abdullah Fareed , Burhams Nadine Harker , Christofides Nicola 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sexual reproductive health communication between parents and children has been shown to promote safer sexual choices. Where third generation female caregivers, often grandmothers or other older females, commonly called gogos in South Africa, are primary care givers, the responsibility of talking about sex and related issues has shifted to them. This study explored the experiences of gogos in Alexandra, Johannesburg, talking about sex, sexuality and HIV and AIDS with the children they are raising. Ten primary caregivers were purposively sampled. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews. Thematic analysis was performed and inductive codes and themes identified. All gogos sampled found it difficult to discuss sex, sexuality and HIV and AIDS due to culture and traditional values impacting on personal experiences and generation and gender barriers. Perceived low self-efficacy due to low levels of knowledge and limited skills in speaking about sex and HIV and AIDS also contributed to the low levels of sexual reproductive health communication. This study highlights the need for interventions that focus on improving gogos’ knowledge about HIV and AIDS in addition to providing them with the skills to talk about sex, sexuality and HIV and AIDS with children in their care.
Ultrasonic Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of NiO Nanocatalyst for Low Temperature 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-Ones and Thiones Condensation Under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Kafi-Ahmadi Leila , khademinia shahin , Khashaei Maryam 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Present work reports one step hydrothermal method as a green processto synthesizenickel (II) oxide (NiO) nanoparticles using nickel nitrate, and some natural essences as surfactant including Orange blossom, Yarrow, Hibiscus tea, Green tea, Rosemary and Barberryas at 80 ºC in autoclave for 24 h followed by calcination at 700 ºC for 8 h. Rietveld analysis data revealed that the obtained NiO nanomaterials were crystallized in a pure cubic crystalsystem. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that the morphology of the obtained materials was changed from non-homogeneous particles to homogeneous spherical particles when the surfactant type was changed from Orange blossom to Barberryas. Catalytic activity of the nanomaterials was investigated in Biginelli reactions for the synthesis of heterocyclic 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) compounds. The synthesis yields at optimum conditions (60 mg of catalyst, 90 ºC reaction temperature and 90 min reaction time) were 94% and 97% for S1 and S6, respectively. Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model revealed that the reactions followed a pseudo-first order kinetic model.