bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lithium Chloride Induces Apoptosis in Human Choroidal Melanoma Cells via the NOXA/Mcl-1 Axis and Induction of ER Stress
Authors: Zhang Qiuqiu , Zhang Qianwei , Li Huiyuan , Zhao Xiaofei , Zhang Han 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy that occurs in adults. Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been safely used in the clinic to treat psychiatric disorders for several decades. In this study, we aimed to understand whether LiCl exerts anticancer effects on choroidal melanoma cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Human choroidal melanoma cells were treated with LiCl, and cell survival was assessed with MTT assays. Cell proliferation was measured by plate colony formation assays. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry, and proteins were detected using western blotting. A human choroidal melanoma xenograft model was established to demonstrate the effect of LiCl on human choroidal melanoma in vivo. An unpaired t-test was used to compare differences between two groups, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare differences among more than two groups.Results: We found that LiCl inhibited cell survival and clonogenic potential and induced apoptosis in human choroidal melanoma cells. LiCl also reduced the proliferation of choroidal melanoma cells in vivo. Moreover, the upregulation of NOXA and downregulation of Mcl-1 were responsible for LiCl-induced apoptosis. Mcl-1 overexpression obviously impaired LiCl-induced apoptosis and cleavage of casp8, casp9, casp3 and PARP. Moreover, the protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, including IRE1α, Bip, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP, was upregulated following treatment with LiCl. Conclusions: In summary, LiCl induced an endoplasmic reticulum stress response while activating intrinsic apoptosis. Furthermore, the NOXA/Mcl-1 axis contributed to LiCl-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The present study provides important mechanistic insight into potential cancer treatments involving LiCl and enhances the understanding of human choroidal melanoma.
WITHDRAWN: Invasive liver abscess caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: case report and literature review
Authors: Xiao Xiao-Guang , Mu Zhao-Hong , Li Qing-Dong , Zhang Yong-Li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogenic bacteria that cause infectious diseases, Klebsiella pneumoniae invasive liver abscess syndrome is a rare disease, which often caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae(hvKP), the hvKP patients with sepsis may have life-threatening multiple organ dysfunction and visual sequelae.Case presentation: We report a case of Klebsiella pneumoniae invasive liver abscess syndrome caused by hvKP, the patient was treated with long-term antibiotic treatment, along with controlling blood sugar with Insulin, and the patient was eventually discharged from the hospital. Case analysis and literature review were performed to improve the understanding of invasive liver abscess caused by hvKP.Conclusions Patients with hvKP invasive liver abscess are in relatively severe conditions and often have poor visual prognosis. Appropriate antimicrobial drugs should be administered to prevent complications and improve prognosis.
Electrical activity of fungi: Spikes detection and complexity analysis
Authors: Dehshibi Mohammad Mahdi , Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Oyster fungi Pleurotus djamor generate actin potential like spikes of electrical potential. The trains of spikes might manifest propagation of growing mycelium in a substrate, transportation of nutrients and metabolites and communication processes in the mycelium network. The spiking activity of the mycelium networks is highly variable compared to neural activity and therefore can not be analysed by standard tools from neuroscience. We propose original techniques for detecting and classifying the spiking activity of fungi. Using these techniques, we analyse the information-theoretic complexity of the fungal electrical activity. The results can pave ways for future research on sensorial fusion and decision making of fungi.
WITHDRAWN: The thermochemical non-equilibrium expansion effects of the high enthalpy nozzle
Authors: Shen Junmou , Chen Xing , Lu Hongbo , Shao Zongjie , Yao Dapeng , Bi Zhixian , Ma Handong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The high enthalpy shock tunnel can simulate the free-flow speed above 3km/s. The characteristic of the flow is that the kinetic energy of the high enthalpy stagnation gas is high enough to effectuate high-temperature effects such as dissociation even ionization of fluid molecules. The high enthalpy nozzle converts the high enthalpy stagnation gas into hypervelocity free flow. The flow of the high enthalpy nozzle consists of three distinct flow regions: an equilibrium region upstream of the throat, a non-equilibrium region near the throat, and a frozen region downstream of the throat. The study focuses on the conical nozzle, testing thermochemical non-equilibrium expansion effects under the different expansion angle of the expansion section, the curvature radius of the throat, the throat radius, and the convergence angle of the convergent section. A multi-block solver for axisymmetric compressible Navier-Stokes equations is applied to simulate the thermochemical non-equilibrium flow in several high enthalpy conical nozzles. The significant conclusions of this study contain tripartite. Firstly, the thermochemical non-equilibrium effects are sensitive to the maximum expansion angle and throat radius, but not to the radius of throat curvature and the contraction angle. Secondly, as the maximum expansion angle decreases and the throat radius increases, the flow approaches equilibrium. Finally, the maximum expansion angle and the throat radius not only affect the position of the freezing point but also impacts the flow field parameters, such as temperature, Mach number, and species mass concentration.
New perspective: the multi-targets mechanism of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology
Authors: Xie Bo , Lu Haojie , Xu Jinhui , Hu Yebei , Luo Haixin , Chen Yi , Geng Qingwei , Song Xiuzu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Network pharmacology is a new method of bioinformatics in exploring drug targets in recent 3 years. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a multi-targets drug that are clinically effective in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but whose mechanism is not well understood.
Methods

The predicted targets of HCQ and the proteins related to RA were returned from databases. Followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the intersection of the two group of proteins was conducted. Furthermore, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment was used to analyse these proteins in a macro perspective. Finally, the candidate targets were verified by molecular docking.
Results

The results suggest that the efficacy of HCQ against RA is mainly associated with 4 targets of smoothened homolog (SMO), sphingosine kinase (SPHK) 1, SPHK2 and gatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), with their related 3316 proteins’ network which regulate ErbB, HIF-1, NF-κB, FoxO, Chemokine, MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathways and so forth. Biological process are mainly concentrated in the regulation of cell activation, myeloid leukocyte activation, regulated exocytosis and so forth. Molecular docking analysis shows that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking are the main forms of chemical force.
Conclusions

Our research provides protein targets affected by HCQ in the treatment of RA. SMO, SPHK1, SPHK2 and FAAH involving 3316 proteins become the multi-targets mechanism of HCQ in the treatment of RA. As well, the research also provides a new idea for introducing network pharmacology into the evaluation of the multi-target drugs in internal medicine.
Hydroxychloride Trace Minerals Have a Positive Effect on Growth Performance, Carcass Quality and Impact Ileal and Cecal Microbiota in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Kuijk Sandra J.A. van , Han Yanming , Garcia-Ruiz Ana Isabel , Rodiles Ana 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective was to study the effect of hydroxychloride trace minerals (HTM) on growth performance, carcass quality and gut microbiota of broiler chickens in comparison to sulphate trace minerals (STM). In total 1440 male Ross 308 day-old chicks were divided over 12 replicate pens with 30 birds each per treatment. Four different treatments were tested according to a 2×2 factorial study design, where the animals received a three phase diet containing either inorganic Zn from sulphates or Zn from HTM in high (80 ppm Zn) or low Zn dosage (20 ppm Zn). In all treatments 15 ppm Cu was added from the same mineral source as the Zn. Body weight and feed intake were measured on day 0, 10, 27 and 34, while carcass and breast meat yields were measured at the end of the study (day 34). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis was performed in digesta samples from ileum and cecum to study the gut microbiome (day 34). Results: The results showed an improved (P<0.05) body weight of broiler chickens fed HTM, regardless of Zn level, on day 27, while on day 34 this effect remained as a tendency (P= 0.0542). In the overall study period, birds fed HTM had a higher (P<0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake when compared to birds fed STM. The mineral source did not affect the carcass characteristics, however, feeding 80 ppm Zn resulted in a significantly higher (P=0.0171) breast meat yield, regardless of source. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota revealed a higher microbial diversity in the ileum and cecum of HTM fed birds compared to STM fed birds. Taxonomical differences were mainly found in the cecum, specifically between the group fed high and low Zn levels from HTM. This is in line with the mineral contents observed in the cecal digesta. Comparing both groups fed 80 ppm Zn, the HTM group had more Streptococcaceae, Streptococcus, Clostridia, Weissella and Leuconostocaceae compared to the STM group. Conclusions: HTM improved growth performance of the birds; and the source and level of Zn modulated the gut microbiota communities in broilers differentially.
Maternal mental health and child nutritional status in an urban slum community in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Ahad Mahmud , Flora Meerjady Sabrina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: Maternal poor mental health might diminish her capability of taking adequate care of her child, resulting in negative impact on child’s nutrition. This study aims to determine the association between maternal mental health and child nutritional status.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in 264 mother-child pairs in an urban slum area of Bangladesh. Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) was used for assessing maternal mental health. SRQ-20 score ≥7 was considered as common mental disorders (CMD). Anthropometric measurements were done for assessing child nutritional status. Results: The prevalence of maternal CMD was 46.2%. Maternal CMD was associated with poorer child feeding practice (p<0.001), poorer hygiene practice (p<0.001), poorer preventive care service use (p=0.016) and suffering from diarrheal disease (p=0.049). The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 44.3%, 18.2% and 33.7%, respectively. Poorer child feeding practice was associated with wasting (p=0.004) and underweight (p<0.001) but not with stunting. Poorer hygiene practice and suffering from diarrheal disease were associated with stunting and underweight but not with wasting. In multivariate analysis, maternal CMD was associated with child underweight (adjusted OR=2.25, 95% CI=1.15-4.43). Association between maternal CMD and wasting found in bivariate analysis that disappeared after multivariate analysis. No association was observed between maternal CMD and stunting in this study.Conclusions: Maternal mental health affects child nutritional status through child feeding practice, hygiene practice and preventive care use. Interventions to address mental health of mothers in child nutrition programmes might contribute to improve child nutritional status.
COVID-19 detection in Chest X-ray Images using Deep Learning
Authors: Erdem Ebru , Aydın Tolga 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 is an important threat worldwide. This disease is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2. CXR and CT images reveal specific information about the disease. However, when interpreting these images, experiencing an overlap with other lung infections complicates the detection of the disease. Due to this situation, the need for computer-aided systems is increasing day by day. In this study, solutions were developed with proposed models based on deep neural networks (DNN). All analyzes were performed on CXR data received on the publicly available. This paper offers a comparison of the deep learning models (SqueezeNet, Inception-V3, VGG16, MobileNet, Xception, VGG19+MobileNet (Concatenated)) that results in the detection and classification of disease. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that the Inception-V3 model gives 90% accuracy with 100% precision for the COVID-19 infection. This model has been provided with better results compared to other models.
Increased Levels of YKL-40 in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Wanwan , Zhang Lingmin , Sheng Lingling , Zhang Zhencheng , Yang Zaixing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) could be classified as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and others according to etiology and pathology. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of DM. YKL-40 is a marker of inflammation and some studies have indicated that DM was related with inflammation. The objective of our study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to confirm the relationship between YKL-40 and DM as well as DN.Methods: Pubmed, Embase, CNKI and Chinese wanfang databases were searched for eligible studies by two independent authors. Studies were included in this meta-analysis if they fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: (1) a study involving the role of YKL-40 in DM (or DN) designed as a case-control study or cohort study; (2) the data of serum YKL-40 levels were available; (3) studies were published in English or Chinese.Results: Twenty-five studies involving 2498 DM patients and 1424 healthy controls were included. Compared with healthy controls, DM patients had significantly higher levels of YKL-40 (DM: SMD=1.62, 95%CI, 1.08 to 2.25, P=0.000; GDM: SMD=2.85, 95%CI, 1.01 to 4.70, P=0.002). Additionally, DM patients with different degree of albuminuria had significantly higher levels of YKL-40 compared with healthy controls (normoalbuminuria: SMD=1.58, 95%CI, 0.59 to 2.56, P=0.002; microalbuminuria: SMD=2.57, 95%CI, 0.92 to 4.22, P=0.002; macroalbuminuria: SMD=2.69, 95%CI, 1.40 to 3.98, P=0.000) and serum YKL-40 levels increased with increasing severity of albuminuria among DM patients (microalbuminuria vs normoalbuminuria: SMD=1.49, 95%CI, 0.28 to 2.71, P=0.016; macroalbuminuria vs microalbuminuria: SMD=0.93, 95%CI, 0.34 to 1.52, P=0.002).Conclusions: DM patients have higher levels of YKL-40 compared with healthy controls. Additionally, levels of YKL-40 are significantly higher in DM patients with different degree of albuminuria than in the healthy controls and the levels of YKL-40 are positively related with the severe degree of albuminuria.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells Induce Osteogenic Differentiation in Co-cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: xu chu , liu haijie , he yuanjia , li yuanqing , he xiaoning 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The role of bone tissue engineering is to regenerate tissue using biomaterials and stem cell based approaches. Combination of two or more cell types is one of the strategies to promote bone formation. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may enhance the osteogenic properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and promote bone healing, this study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of EPCs on promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.Methods: MSCs and EPCs were isolated and co-cultured in Transwell chambers, the effects of EPCs on the regulation of MSC biological properties was investigated. Real-time PCR array, qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to explore possible signaling pathways involved in osteogenesis. The expression of osteogenesis markers and calcium nodule formation was quantified by qRT-PCR, western blotting and Alizarin Red staining. Results: Results showed that when co-cultured with EPCs, MSCs exhibited greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increased calcium mineral deposition significantly. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was involved in this process. p38 gene expression and p38 protein phosphorylation levels showed significant up-regulation in co-cultured MSCs. Silence expression of p38 in co-cultured MSCs reduced osteogenic gene expression, protein synthesis, ALP activity and calcium nodule formation.Conclusions: These data suggest paracrine signaling from EPCs influence the biological function and promote MSCs osteogenic differentiation. Activation of the p38MAPK pathway may be the key to enhancing MSCs osteogenic differentiation via indirect interactions with EPCs.
Reduced Interaction of VAMP2 and Aggregated α-synuclein by Environmental Enrichment Alleviates Hyperactivity and Anxiety in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease.
Authors: Kim Kyungri , Wi Soohyun , Seo Jung Hwa , Pyo Soonil , Cho Sung-Rae 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the prevalent motor diseases caused by the accumulation of mutated α-Synuclein (α-Syn), it is characterized by non-motor symptoms such as olfactory loss, cognitive decline, depression and anxiety in the early stage of the disease. Environmental enrichment (EE) provides a complex environment comprising physical, cognitive, and social stimuli that improve synaptic plasticity and behavioral functions. The therapeutic effects of EE on behavioral recovery of motor function in a mouse model of PD pathology have been reported. However, the effects of EE on non-motor symptoms in human A53T α-Syn overexpressing transgenic (hA53T α-Syn) mice have yet to be determined. In this study, we revealed the beneficial effect of EE on changes in synaptic plasticity in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc) during the initial phase of PD.MethodTo investigate therapeutic effects of EE in abnormalities during the early phase of PD, we randomly assigned eight-month-old hA53T α-Syn mice to either EE (PD-EE) or standard conditions (PD-SC) for two months. Next, we performed behavioral tests, biochemical and histological analysis at 10 months of age.ResultsEE significantly alleviated locomotor hyperactivity and anxiety in the early stage of PD. EE normalized the level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phosphorylated and oligomeric forms of α-Syn (pSer129 α-Syn), and SNARE complex-forming proteins including SNAP-25, Syntaxin1 and VAMP2. Moreover, the close link between VAMP2 and pSer129 α-Syn was significantly reduced after exposure to EE.ConclusionsOur results showed that EE attenuates aversive mood state on the early stage of PD mouse model. These results were parallel with the reduced expression of pathological α-Syn and the increased expression of neurotransmitter transporter proteins in EE. Interestingly, the interaction between pSer129 α-Syn and VAMP2 also decreased in EE. The restoration of synaptic vesicle transportation status may be responsible for the neuroprotective effects of EE in hA53T α-Syn mice.
PET Imaging of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor Standard Uptake Value Increases After Controlled Cortical Impact, a Rodent Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.
Authors: Aertker Benjamin m , Kumar Akshita , Caplan Henry W , Cardenas Fanni B , Cox Charles S , Bedi Supinder 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts the complex arrangement of neuronal and glial cells. As a result of TBI there is activation of microglia. Activated microglia after injury can be measured in vivo by using positron emission topography (PET) ligand peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR28) and their phenotypes (activated vs resting) can be assessed (ex vivo) using morphology. This study aims to utilize in vivo (PET) and ex vivo (morphology) to assess the changes in microglia after a controlled cortical impact (CCI), a rodent model for TBI.Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent a sham injury or severe CCI. Microglia activation was assessed 120 hours after the injury by PET/CT imaging using the radioligand [11C] PBR-28. Standardized uptake values (PBR28suv) were calculated over the duration of the scan and mean values were compared. In order to verify in vivo results, ex vivo morphological analysis [ramified (resting) or amoeboid-shaped (activated)] was performed (dentate gyrus, corpus callosum and thalamus) with the antibody IBA-1. To further conclude that PBR is a marker for activated microglia after CCI, we examined co-staining of PBR with microglia and astrocytes.Results: In vivo and ex vivo results were complementary. Injured animals displayed greater PBR28suv when compared to sham animals. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated elevated numbers of activated microglia in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus, corpus callosum and thalami of injured animals compared to sham animals. Additionally, PBR co-stained with microglia and not astrocytes.Conclusion: CCI, a rodent model of TBI resulted in a significant increase in PBR28suv due to injury. Similarly, morphological analysis demonstrated a significant increase in amoeboid-shaped (activated) microglia. These results serve as a surrogate marker for increased neuroinflammation in the brains of severely injured animals. PBR28suv can serve as an in vivo tracking system for monitoring neuroinflammation following TBI and cellular therapies.
Design and psychometric properties of BAtSS: A new tool to assess human attitudes towards bats.
Authors: Pérez Beatriz , Álvarez Boris , Boso Alex , Lisón Fulgencio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Despite the benefits that bats offer the ecosystem, these animals are feared due to mythological beliefs and their association with dirt and disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated this situation, exacerbating the already habitual attacks on these creatures. Today there is an urgent need to address the human-bat conflict in order to develop conservation policies. Understanding peoples' attitudes towards bats is a key part of this process. The object of this study was to design the Bats Attitudes Standard Scale (BAtSS) and analyse its psychometric properties. We developed an initial version of the scale in which we established the content validity; we analysed the items and structure in a pilot sample. In the next phase, we analysed psychometric properties in a sample of 1639 Chilean people. The final BAtSS consists of 34 Likert-type items configured in an oblique-hierarchical structure of 4 factors (Scientistic, Positivistic, Negativistic and Myths) and 3 facets (Negativistic-Emotional, Negativistic-Behavioural and Negativistic-Cognitive). It presents adequate internal consistency and the analysis of concurrent validity confirms the capacity of the scale to discriminate between groups. Women and participants with a lower level of education are more Negativistic and less Positivistic. People with a higher level of education have a less mythological view of bats. We also analysed the items which would be more/less difficult to change under the assumptions of Item Response Theory (IRT). Finally, BAtSS is a robust tool to assess the human attitudes and could help to understand and solve human-wildlife conflicts and therefore, improving the conservation actions