bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of Neuromuscular Junction Protein Expression by Exercise and Doxorubicin
Authors: HUERTAS ANDRES MOR , MORTON AARON B. , HINKEY J. MATTHEW , ICHINOSEKI-SEKINE NORIKO , SMUDER ASHLEY J. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective antitumor agent widely used in cancer treatment. However, it is well established that DOX induces muscular atrophy and impairs force production. Although no therapeutic interventions exist to combat DOX-induced muscle weakness, endurance exercise training has been shown to reduce skeletal muscle damage caused by DOX administration. Numerous studies have attempted to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced protection against DOX myotoxicity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which endurance exercise protects against DOX-induced muscle weakness remain elusive. In this regard, impairments to the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) are associated with muscle wasting, and studies indicate that physical exercise can rescue NMJ fragmentation. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that exercise protects against DOX-induced myopathy by preventing detrimental changes to key proteins responsible for maintenance of the NMJ.

Methods
Female Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to sedentary or exercise-trained groups. Exercise training consisted of a 5-d treadmill habituation period followed by 10 d of running (60 min·d−1, 30 m·min−1, 0% grade). After the last training bout, exercise-trained and sedentary animals were paired with either placebo (saline) or DOX (20 mg·kg−1 i.p.) treatment. Two days after drug treatment, the soleus muscle was excised for subsequent analyses.

Results
Our results indicate that endurance exercise training prevents soleus muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction in DOX-treated animals. These adaptations were associated with the increased expression of the following neurotrophic factors: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3. In addition, exercise enhanced the expression of receptor-associated protein of the synapse and the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunits AChRβ, AChRδ, and AChRγ in DOX-treated animals.

Conclusion
Therefore, upregulating neurotrophic factor and NMJ protein expression may be an effective strategy to prevent DOX-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction.
Cumulative Metrics of Tendon Load and Damage Vary Discordantly with Running Speed
Authors: FIRMINGER COLIN R. , ASMUSSEN MICHAEL J. , CIGOJA SASA , FLETCHER JARED R. , NIGG BENNO M. , EDWARDS W. BRENT 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Cumulative load has become a popular metric in running biomechanics research to account for potential spatiotemporal changes associated with different locomotion strategies. This study investigated how incorporating mechanical fatigue principles into Achilles tendon cumulative load measurements affected their relationship with running speed.

Methods
Achilles tendon forces and strains were estimated from a dynamometry/ultrasound session followed by a motion capture session, where participants ran at three speeds. Three cumulative measures of increasing complexity were calculated using Achilles tendon force/strain: 1) cumulative load, defined as the product of the stance phase time integral of Achilles tendon force/strain and the stride count for 1 km of running; 2) cumulative damage, which accounted for the nonlinear relationship between load magnitude and fatigue life by exponentially weighting the time integral of Achilles tendon force/strain before multiplication with stride count; and (3) the probability of fatigue failure, which expanded upon the cumulative damage measure of Achilles tendon strain by fitting a probabilistic Weibull model to existing fatigue life data to account for the inherent variability that exists in the fatigue life of biological samples.

Results
Cumulative load measures significantly decreased with running speed, whereas the cumulative damage and probabilistic measures either increased or did not change significantly with running speed.

Conclusions
The choice of cumulative metric has an important influence on the interpretation of overuse injury risk with changes in running speed. Although cumulative load metrics certainly provide meaningful information about the load experienced over a given distance, they do not account for the tissue damage incurred by such load. Cumulative load metrics should therefore be interpreted with caution when making inferences to overuse injury risk.
Efficacy and safety of microbiota transfer therapy for the management of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review
Authors: Estrella Porter Pablo Daniel , Guzmán Freire Luis Eduardo , Adatty Molina Joseth Paulina , Burneo Raza María Verónica , Carrión Celi Henry Alejandro , Espinosa Borja Isabel María , Falconí Páez Andrea Carolina , Gudiño Vega Andrés Sebastián , Jaramillo Cartwright María José , Oña Vargas Sebastián Xavier , Puga Martínez Sebastián Eduardo , Guillemot Jonathan R 
Published: January 2020

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with an unclear etiologic mechanism. Following suggestions in the literature of a close relation between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system development, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems, new theories and strategies of the management of ASD in children focus on the brain-gut axis via microbiota transfer therapy. Despite the regular appearance in the news, the level of evidence supporting this intervention is unclear and to this date, no systematic review on this issue has been published. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review of the efficacy and safety of microbiota transfer therapy for the management of ASD in children. MEDLINE via PubMed, LILACS IBECS via BVS, EMBASE via Ovid, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched on 19th April 2018. Results: One single study published in 2017 was identified. The intervention group included 18 patients and showed significant clinical improvements in the gastrointestinal and ASD-related symptoms. The clinical procedure was reported as safe and well-tolerated with some transitory adverse effects. Conclusions: The causality and correlation of the intervention and the expected outcomes cannot be assumed with current evidence. In addition, recommendations about the effectiveness or safety of microbiota transfer therapy in children with ASD cannot be currently issued. Randomized controlled trials and clinical protocols for the intervention are needed.
In silico study on RNA structures of intronic mutations of beta-globin gene
Authors: Sumantri Nur Imaniati , Lischer Kenny , Wijayanti Dian Rachma , Abuzairi Tomy 
Published: January 2020

Background: Mutation of the beta-globin gene (HBB) interferes with primary mRNA transcription, leading to beta-thalassemia disease. The IVS1nt1 and IVS1nt5 mutations were reported as two of the most prevalent intronic mutations associated with beta-thalassemia major. These mutations may affect the mRNA structure of the human beta-globin (HBB) gene. However, the mechanism by which variation in HBB alters the mRNA structure remains unclear. The objective of this study was to unveil the secondary and tertiary conformation difference of the mutants compared to the wildtype using in silico analysis. Methods: The sequence of HBB was obtained from Ensemble database and mutated manually at nucleotides 143 (IVS1nt1G>T) and 147 (IVS1nt5G>C). The RNA secondary and tertiary structure were performed by ViennaRNA Web Services and RNA Composer, respectively. Results and Discussion: The results revealed the unique folding characteristics of each mutations for the secondary and tertiary structures. Based on the structure, unwanted folding occurred in the IVS1nt1G>T and IVS1nt5G>C mRNA structures compared to the wild-type structure. This finding was supported by the results of centroid-based analysis and RNA structure analysis, indicating that the larger loops in IVS1nt1 and IVS1nt5 result in an unstable structure. Our study found that intronic mutations affect the mRNA structure of HBB by altering its folding mechanism.
Swing Pricing for Mutual Funds: Breaking the Feedback Loop Between Fire Sales and Fund Redemptions
Authors: Capponi Agostino , Glasserman Paul , Weber Marko 
Published: January 2020

We develop a model of the feedback between mutual fund outflows and asset illiquidity. Following a market shock, alert investors anticipate the impact on a fund’s net asset value (NAV) of other investors’ redemptions and exit first at favorable prices. This first-mover advantage may lead to fund failure through a cycle of falling prices and increasing redemptions. Our analysis shows that (i) the first-mover advantage introduces a nonlinear dependence between a market shock and the aggregate impact of redemptions on the fund’s NAV; (ii) as a consequence, there is a critical magnitude of the shock beyond which redemptions brings down the fund; (iii) properly designed swing pricing transfers liquidation costs from the fund to redeeming investors and, by removing the nonlinearity stemming from the first-mover advantage, it reduces these costs and prevents fund failure. Achieving these objectives requires a larger swing factor at larger levels of outflows. The swing factor for one fund may also depend on policies followed by other funds. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
Contagion in Derivatives Markets
Authors: Paddrik Mark , Rajan Sriram , Young H. Peyton 
Published: January 2020

A major credit shock can induce large intraday variation margin payments between counterparties in derivatives markets, which may force some participants to default on their payments. These payment shortfalls become amplified as they cascade through the network of exposures. Using detailed Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation data, we model the full network of exposures, shock-induced payments, initial margin collected, and liquidity buffers for about 900 firms operating in the U.S. credit default swaps market. We estimate the total amount of contagion, the marginal contribution of each firm to contagion, and the number of defaulting firms for a systemic shock to credit spreads. A novel feature of the model is that it allows for a range of behavioral responses to balance sheet stress, including delayed or partial payments. The model provides a framework for analyzing the relative effectiveness of different policy options, such as increasing margin requirements or mandating greater liquidity reserves. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
A DANÇA NA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA COM CRIANÇAS: OLHARES E REFLEXÕES DE UMA PROFESSORA EM FORMAÇÃO
Authors: Camargo Daiana , Galvão Patricia Taborda 
Published: January 2020

As reflexões apresentadas neste texto abordam a dança na prática pedagógica na Educação Infantil, a partir do olhar de uma acadêmica de Pedagogia e bailarina. A vivência com a dança possibilitou indagações e inquietações que instigaram a pesquisa. Escritos da área da dança, da educação física, da pedagogia e da arte nos amparam a tratar a dança na escola. Para compreendermos aspectos da dança na prática pedagógica, o estudo contou com a participação de professoras de Educação Infantil e profissionais da área da dança. É possível apontar a desvinculação da dança de outros conteúdos (ou temas) da prática pedagógica, a relação dança/desenvolvimento motor em detrimento de uma perspectiva mais ampla, expressiva, lúdica e cultural e a ausência de reflexão e/ou fundamentação sobre corpo e o movimento. Ressaltamos a necessidade de que a dança, e toda a sua dimensão cultural e lúdica, possa integrar os espaços de formação de professores de crianças, aqui em específico a Pedagogia, para que possamos questionar, refletir os sentidos e possibilidades do corpo em movimento, para que outras propostas possam ser desenvolvidas a partir da dança nos espaços educativos, com maior sentido e significado.
Optical properties of chain inverted pyramids on silicon
Authors: Chen Quansheng , Liu Yaoping , Tang Hanbo , Wang Yan , Chen Wei , Wu Juntao , Zhao Yan , Du Xiaolong 
Published: January 2020

Pyramidal structures, including upright pyramids and inverted pyramids (IPs), are commonly used as light-trapping structures for silicon solar cells and silicon photodetectors. In this paper, the possible ray propagation paths in a pyramidal structure are analyzed by establishing a mathematical model in which up to seven ray paths may exist either in a regular or random pyramidal structure. To reduce the reflectivity, the proportion of the quadruple bounce should be increased because of its lower reflectivity. Therefore, a chain IP structure with a quadruple bounce proportion of 10.33% is proposed, of which the overlap value Δx/wis 0.4. According to theoretical ray-tracing calculations, the weighted average reflectivity is reduced by 0.75% compared to that of a random IP structure. Experimentally, chain IP structures are fabricated from the surface line damage produced by the diamond wire sawing of a silicon wafer as a mask, and the reflectivity of the structures is 0.80% lower than that of a random IP structure. The theoretical analysis and experimental results both show that the chain IP structure has better optical properties than the random IP structure, indicating promising prospects for the abovementioned applications.
Temperature self-compensation strain sensor based on cascaded concave-lens-like long-period fiber gratings
Authors: Zhang Yunshan , Zhang Yanxin , Zhang Weigang , Yu Lin , Kong Lingxin , Yan Tieyi , Chen Lei 
Published: January 2020

A robust, novel, to the best of our knowledge, fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer strain sensor is designed and experimentally implemented. The sensor consists of two concave-lens-like long-period fiber gratings and is engraved by the high frequency

C
O

2

laser. The concave-lens-like grids can excite higher-order cladding modes to interfere with the fundamental mode, which increases the light-material contact. The excellent interference spectra are obtained and analyzed theoretically. The experimental results show that the strain sensitivity of the sensor can reach 0.011 dB/µ

ε

in the range of 0–2160 µ

ε

. The resolution of the sensor is up to 0.91 µ

ε

. Moreover, the temperature crosstalk can be self-compensated by monitoring a pair of split interfering dips. These outstanding characteristics make it very suitable as a candidate for strain measurement.
Plasmon coupling interactions and inhibition of nonlinear absorption in a complex system with Ag and Pt nanoparticles in silica
Authors: Bornacelli J. , Torres-Torres C. , Can-Uc B. , Rangel-Rojo R. , Oliver A. 
Published: January 2020

The optical response exhibited by a complex hybrid system integrated by Pt ultrasmall fluorescent particles and plasmonic Ag nanoparticles is reported. The system was synthesized by coimplantation of Ag and Pt ions into a silica matrix followed by a proper thermal annealing. The energies and fluences were chosen in order to overlap the spatial regions of the Ag and Pt ion distributions below the silica surface. Optical absorption and emission spectroscopies show that the complex nanostructures exhibit an important plasmonic response, together with photoluminescence excited at 355 nm, which is enhanced when compared to the reference sample with only Pt particles. Off-resonance nonlinear transmission and Z-scan measurements were undertaken using ultrafast pulses. High-irradiance excitation at 1064 nm with picosecond pulses shows that the Pt or Ag nanoparticles exhibit a two-photon absorption effect, while the complex system shows the absence of any nonlinear absorption. Similar observations were made using femtosecond pulses at 800 nm wavelength. This inhibition of the two-photon absorption effect and enhancement in the emission of the complex hybrid samples by the synergic participation of Ag and Pt particles can be explained as a result of a plasmon coupling via the near-field interaction between plasmonic and emitting sources.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatment Preferentially Improves Overall Survival Among African Americans With Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Gordon Stuart C. , Wu Kuan-Han Hank , Lindor Keith , Bowlus Christopher L. , Rodriguez Carla V. , Anderson Heather , Boscarino Joseph A. , Trudeau Sheri , Rupp Loralee B. , Haller Irina V. , Romanelli Robert J. , VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Schmidt Mark A. , Daida Yihe G. , Sahota Amandeep , Vincent Jennifer , Zhang Talan , Li Jia , Lu Mei ,   for the FOLD Investigators
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:
We used data from the Fibrotic Liver Disease Consortium to evaluate the impact of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment across race/ethnicity, gender, and clinical status among patients with primary biliary cholangitis.

METHODS:
Data were collected from “index date” (baseline) through December 31, 2016. Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting was used to adjust for UDCA treatment selection bias. Cox regression, focusing on UDCA-by-risk factor interactions, was used to assess the association between treatment and mortality and liver transplant/death.

RESULTS:
Among 4,238 patients with primary biliary cholangitis (13% men; 8% African American, 7% Asian American/American Indian/Pacific Island [ASINPI]; 21% Hispanic), 78% had ever received UDCA. The final multivariable model for mortality retained age, household income, comorbidity score, total bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and interactions of UDCA with race, gender, and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ≥1.1. Among untreated patients, African Americans and ASINPIs had higher mortality than whites (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.67 and aHR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.11–1.76, respectively). Among treated patients, this relationship was reversed (aHR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.86 and aHR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.67–1.16). Patterns were similar for liver transplant/death. UDCA reduced the risk of liver transplant/death in all patient groups and mortality across all groups except white women with aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ≥1.1. As compared to patients with low-normal bilirubin at baseline (≤0.4 mg/dL), those with high-normal (1.0 > 0.7) and mid-normal bilirubin (0.7 > 0.4) had significantly higher liver transplant/death and all-cause mortality.

DISCUSSION:
African American and ASINPI patients who did not receive UDCA had significantly higher mortality than white patients. Among African Americans, treatment was associated with significantly lower mortality. Regardless of UDCA treatment, higher baseline bilirubin, even within the normal range, was associated with increased mortality and liver transplant/death compared with low-normal levels.
O EFEITO DO NÍVEL DE TRANSPARÊNCIA SOBRE A HETEROGENEIDADE DAS DÍVIDAS: UM ESTUDO EMPRESAS GANHADORAS E NÃO-GANHADORAS DO PRÊMIO DE TRANSPARÊNCIA ANEFAC-SERASA-EXPERIAN
Authors: Marques Vagner Antônio , Peixoto Nataniel Geraldo Mendes , Bicalho Erika Michelle da Silva , Amaral Hudson Fernandes 
Published: January 2020

A estrutura de capital, apesar de exaustivamente discutida na literatura de Finanças, ainda tem intrigado os pesquisadores, pois seus achados, sobretudo no contexto brasileiro n apresentam consistência suficientes para se considerar esgotado o debate. Al disso, questões como a dispersão das fontes de financiamento utilizadas pelas empresas tem estimulado a realização de pesquisas, pois fatores econômicos e institucionais podem estimular uma maior ou menor dispersão dos tipos de dívida (Hackbarth, Hennesy e Leland, 2007). Adicionalmente, o nível de transparência um dos fatores com efeitos potenciais sobre a dispersão das fontes de financiamento, pois o maior ou menor acesso linhas de critérios pode se relacionar com o nível de assimetria entre usuários internos e externos (Verrecchia, 2001). Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito do nível de transparência sobre a heterogeneidade (homogeneidade) das fontes de financiamentos das empresas brasileiras. Para tanto, analisou-se dados de 49 empresas divididas em dois grupos (ganhadoras e não ganhadoras do Prêmio de Transparência ANEFAC-SERASA-EXPERIAN). Os dados coletados na BMF&BOVESPA e CVM foram analisados quantitativamente através da estatística descritiva e inferencial, especificamente, anise de regressão com dados em painel. Os resultados demonstraram que o nível de transparência afeta negativa e significativamente na homogeneidade. Quanto mais transparente, mais heterogênea a distribuição das fontes de capitais de terceiros. Esses achados sugerem uma maior confiança dos credores e/ou uma preferência dos gestores pela aplicação da Trade-off Theory implica em uma busca por uma maximização dos benefícios das dívidas e redução dos custos de falência podem estar associados aos resultados encontrados. Complementarmente, o nível de risco das empresas tem um efeito positivo na heterogeneidade das fontes de financiamento, ou seja, quanto mais arriscada, maior o número de tipos de dívidas contratadas dentre as diversas opções no mercado financeiro.
Pemaknaan Cerpen Hitokui Neko Karya Murakami Haruki
Authors: Fadli Zaki Ainul 
Published: January 2020

(Title: The Interpretasion of Murakami Haruki’s Hitokui Neko) This article aims to reveal the meaning of cats in the short story of Hitokui Neko. The method used is a structural method, namely by analyzing the basic narrative structure of the short story and the main marker of the short story. Then the interpretation of the meaning of the cat in a short story is carried out both in the first or second level interpretation. The results of the analysis show that there are three meanings of cats in the short story of Hitokui Neko. First, denotative-associative meaning. Cats are interpreted as pets, but are also used as associative meanings for children. The use of this associative meaning is used by Izumi when she wants to know the response of “I” if Izumi is pregnant and then has children. Secondly, cats are denotative-neutral, meaning cats as human pets in general. The use of denotative-neutral meanings can be seen, among others, when “I” tells of his experience of losing his pet cat. Third, denotative-mystical meaning. This meaning appears in the hallucinations of “I”. A cat that is likened to a witch Macbeth appears as an antagonistic force that eats “I” without resistance.
Nilai Sosial Dalam Cerpen Shabondama
Authors: Rahmah Yuliani 
Published: January 2020

Shabondama is one of Yoshio Toyoshima's short stories that tells the story of a magician named Havons. Havons who is not willing to die of his son trying to restore his son's life with the help of a witch who gave him magic bubbles. With these bubbles Havons traveled while showing his magic.By using literature study approach this article will describe the social values during Havons' journey. Through the characters action and conflict this short story tried to implies a message of kindness to the surrounding community as a social values. As result it can be understood that the characters in this short story teach social values that refer to services between people, togetherness in life and fair actions towards others. With these values Shabondama short story has a social function as a literary work that teaches something in an entertaining way.