bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global regularity for solutions of the three dimensional Navier–Stokes equation with almost two dimensional initial data
Authors: Miller Evan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we will prove a new result that guarantees the global existence of solutions to the Navier–Stokes equation in three dimensions when the initial data is sufficiently close to being two dimensional. This result interpolates between the global existence of smooth solutions for the two dimensional Navier–Stokes equation with arbitrarily large initial data, and the global existence of smooth solutions for the Navier–Stokes equation in three dimensions with small initial data in

H

̇

1

2

. This result states that the closer the initial data is to being two dimensional, the larger the initial data can be in

H

̇

1

2

while still guaranteeing the global existence of smooth solutions. In the whole space, this set of almost two dimensional initial data is unbounded in the critical space

H

̇

1

2

, but is bounded in the critical Besov spaces

B

̇

p
,
∞

−
1
+

3

p

for all 2 < p ⩽ +∞. On the torus, however, this approach does give examples of arbitrarily large initial data in the endpoint Besov space

B

̇

∞
,
∞

−
1

that generate global smooth solutions to the Navier–Stokes equation. In addition to these new results, we will also sharpen the constants in a number of previously known estimates for the growth of solutions to the Navier–Stokes equation and clarify the relationship between certain component reduction type regularity criteria.
Doping effects on the composition, electric and optical properties of MBE-grown 1.1 eV GaNAsSb layers
Authors: Gabás M , Ochoa-Martínez E , Bielak K , Pucicki D , Lombardero I , Barrutia L , Fuertes-Marrón D , Ochoa M , García I , Yoon S F , Loke W K , Wickasono S , Tan K H , Johnson A D , Davies J I , Algora C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Dilute nitrides based on GaAs constitute a family of compounds whose main characteristic is the band-gap tunability, depending on the nitrogen content. In this work we have focussed our attention on the indium free dilute nitrides, i.e. GaNAsSb with a bandgap of around 1.1 eV, to study the effects that doping has on the crystalline structure, electrical and optical properties of the material. For such purpose, p-doped and n-doped GaNAsSb layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized using x-ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry and photoreflectance among other techniques. The GaNAsSb optical properties match the double band-anticrossing model which is the proposed one to explain the dilute nitride band structure. However, the determined optical bandgap value does not follow any trend with doping, neither with concentration nor type. This is related with doping effects on the crystalline quality and layer composition, thus inducing a Sb gradient along layer thickness together with variations in N and Sb concentrations for different doping levels. Besides these structural variations, the complex refraction index, Hall mobility and carrier concentration as a function of temperature have been determined for these GaNAsSb layers.
The relativistic tunneling flight time may be superluminal, but it does not imply superluminal signaling
Authors: Dumont Randall S , Rivlin Tom , Pollak Eli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Wavepacket tunneling, in the relativistic limit, is studied via solutions to the Dirac equation for a square barrier potential. Specifically, the arrival time distribution (the time-dependent flux) is computed for wavepackets initiated far away from the barrier, and whose momentum is well below the threshold for above-barrier transmission. The resulting distributions exhibit peaks at shorter times than those of photons with the same initial wavepacket transmitting through a vacuum. However, this apparent superluminality in time is accompanied by very low transmission probabilities. We discuss these observations, and related observations by other authors, in the context of published objections to the notion that tunneling can be superluminal in time. We find that many of these objections are not consistent with our observations, and conclude that post-selected (for transmission) distributions of arrival times can be superluminal. However, the low probability of tunneling means a photon will most likely be seen first and therefore the superluminality does not imply superluminal signaling.
Solar System Physics for Exoplanet Research
Authors: Horner J. , Kane S. R. , Marshall J. P. , Dalba P. A. , Holt T. R. , Wood J. , Maynard-Casely H. E. , Wittenmyer R. , Lykawka P. S. , Hill M. , Salmeron R. , Bailey J. , Löhne T. , Agnew M. , Carter B. D. , Tylor C. C. E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Over the past three decades, we have witnessed one of the great revolutions in our understanding of the cosmos—the dawn of the Exoplanet Era. Where once we knew of just one planetary system (the solar system), we now know of thousands, with new systems being announced on a weekly basis. Of the thousands of planetary systems we have found to date, however, there is only one that we can study up-close and personal—the solar system. In this review, we describe our current understanding of the solar system for the exoplanetary science community—with a focus on the processes thought to have shaped the system we see today. In section one, we introduce the solar system as a single well studied example of the many planetary systems now observed. In section two, we describe the solar system's small body populations as we know them today—from the two hundred and five known planetary satellites to the various populations of small bodies that serve as a reminder of the system's formation and early evolution. In section three, we consider our current knowledge of the solar system's planets, as physical bodies. In section four we discuss the research that has been carried out into the solar system's formation and evolution, with a focus on the information gleaned as a result of detailed studies of the system's small body populations. In section five, we discuss our current knowledge of planetary systems beyond our own—both in terms of the planets they host, and in terms of the debris that we observe orbiting their host stars. As we learn ever more about the diversity and ubiquity of other planetary systems, our solar system will remain the key touchstone that facilitates our understanding and modeling of those newly found systems, and we finish section five with a discussion of the future surveys that will further expand that knowledge.
Thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture of 4D Gauss-Bonnet-Maxwell black holes via charged particle absorption *
Authors: Ying Shuxuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recently, the non-trivial solutions for 4-dimensional black holes of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity had been discovered. In this paper, considering a charged particle entering into a 4-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet-Maxwell black hole, we calculate the black hole thermodynamic properties using the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. In the normal phase space, the cosmological constant and Gauss-Bonnet parameter are fixed, the black hole satisfies the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) is valid. On the other hand, in the case of extended phase space, the cosmological constant and Gauss-Bonnet parameter are treated as thermodynamic variables. The black hole also satisfies the first law of thermodynamics. However, the increase or decrease in the black hole's entropy depends on some specific conditions. Finally, we observe that the WCCC is violated for the near-extremal black holes in the extended phase space.
Fine tuning problem of the cosmological constant in a generalized Randall-Sundrum model *
Authors: Kang Guang-Zhen , Zhang De-Sheng , Jun Li , Zong Hong-Shi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To solve the cosmological constant fine tuning problem, we investigate an (n+1)-dimensional generalized Randall-Sundrum brane world scenario with two

-branes instead of two 3-branes. Adopting an anisotropic metric ansatz, we obtain the positive effective cosmological constant

of order

and only require a solution

. Meanwhile, both the visible and hidden branes are stable because their tensions are positive. Therefore, the fine tuning problem can be solved quite well. Furthermore, the Hubble parameter

as a function of redshift

is in good agreement with the cosmic chronometers dataset. The evolution of the universe naturally shifts from deceleration to acceleration. This suggests that the evolution of the universe is intrinsically an extra-dimensional phenomenon. It can be regarded as a dynamic model of dark energy that is driven by the evolution of the extra dimensions on the brane.
Global optical model potential describing 12C-nucleus elastic scattering *
Authors: Xu Yong-Li , Han Yin-Lu , Su Xin-Wu , Sun Xiao-Jun , Liang Hai-Ying , Guo Hai-Rui , Cai Chong-Hai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We construct a new global optical model potential to describe the elastic scattering of 12C. The experimental data of elastic-scattering angular distributions and total reaction cross sections for targets from 24Mg to 209Bi are considered below 200 MeV within the framework of the optical model. The results calculated using the derived global optical potential are then compared with the existing experimental data. The reliability of the global optical potential is further tested by predicting the elastic scattering data out of the mass and energy ranges, within which the global potential parameters are determined, and reasonable results are also obtained.
Accurate correction of arbitrary spin fermion quantum tunneling from non-stationary Kerr-de Sitter black hole based on corrected Lorentz dispersion relation *
Authors: Sha Bei , Liu Zhi-E , Liu Yu-Zhen , Tan Xia , Zhang Jie , Yang Shu-Zheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
According to a corrected dispersion relation proposed in the study on the string theory and quantum gravity theory, the Rarita-Schwinger equation was precisely modified, which resulted in the Rarita-Schwinger-Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Using this equation, the characteristics of arbitrary spin fermion quantum tunneling radiation from non-stationary Kerr-de Sitter black holes were determined. A number of accurately corrected physical quantities, such as surface gravity, chemical potential, tunneling probability, and Hawking temperature, which describe the properties of black holes, were derived. This research has enriched the research methods and enabled increased precision in black hole physics research.
Ultra-stiff compressed collagen for corneal perforation patch graft realized by in situ photochemical crosslinking
Authors: Hong Hyeonjun , Kim Jeongho , Cho Hoseong , Park Sang Min , Jeon Mansik , Kim Hong Kyun , Kim Dong Sung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Despite the potential of a collagen construct, consisting of a major extracellular matrix component of the native cornea, as a patch graft to treat the corneal perforation, there has still been difficulty in acquiring sufficient mechanical properties for clinical availability. This study developed a novel in situ photochemical crosslinking (IPC)-assisted collagen compression process, namely, the IPC-C2 process, to significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the collagen construct for the development of a collagenous patch graft. For the first time, we found that compressed collagen construct was rapidly rehydrated in an aqueous solution, which inhibited effective riboflavin-mediated photochemical crosslinking for mechanical improvement. The IPC-C2 process was designed to concurrently induce the physical compaction and photochemical crosslinking of a compressed collagen construct, thereby avoiding the loosening of collagen fibrillar structure during rehydration and ultimately improving crosslinking efficiency. Hence, the suggested IPC-C2 process could fabricate a collagen construct with a high collagen density (∼120–280 mg ml−1) and ∼103-fold increased mechanical properties (an elastic modulus of up to ∼29 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of ∼8 MPa) compared with collagen gel. This construct can then be used as a clinically applicable collagenous patch graft. With sufficient mechanical strength for surgical suture and the controllable thickness for patient specificity, the potential of the fabricated IPC-compressed collagen construct for clinical applications was demonstrated by using an in vivo rabbit corneal perforation model. It effectively protected aqueous humor leakage and maintained the integrity of the eye globe without an additional complication.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of a CrCN/Cr multilayer film
Authors: Liu Eryong , Yu Bo , Xue Yuan , Pu Jibin , Du Shuangming , Du Huiling 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
CrCN/Cr multilayer films were synthesized by multi-arc ion plating deposition technique, and the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of films were systematically investigated. The results showed that the thickness of the CrCN and Cr layers in CrCN/Cr multilayer films was between 2.1 μm to 0.45 μm and 90 nm, respectively. X-Ray diffraction results indicated that the composite films were composed of CrN, Cr7C3 and metallic Cr phase, then the mechanical and tribological properties results confirmed that the multilayer structure not only increased the hardness and toughness of the CrCN multilayer film but also decreased the friction coefficient (16%) and wear rate (45%) when compared with a CrN film. This result was attributed to the presence of a complete and dense lubricating film on the worn surface. Therefore, the excellent performance of the CrCN/Cr multilayer films supports their potential application as a replacement for CrN films in industrial applications.
The effect of the substrate on the damage threshold of gold nano-antennas by a femtosecond laser
Authors: Morshed Monir , Haque Md Ahasanul , Hattori Haroldo T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gold nano-antennas with silica substrate may not be suitable for high power applications such as heat resisted magnetic recording, solar thermophotovoltaics, and nano-scale heat transfer systems. When a laser beam reaches to these nano-antennas, part of the light is absorbed by the metallic regions, leading to a temperature rise of the device. If these devices reach a temperature beyond its Tamman temperature (the temperature at which sintering of atoms or molecules start to occur), the antenna can be damaged. One strategy to allow the antenna to work at higher fluences (energy density) is to employ substrates that can quickly carry the heat away from the antennas. In this paper, we show that high thermal conductivity substrates, such as diamond, can allow the antenna to withstand 20 times higher fluence than a low thermal conductivity silica substrate.
A systematic variation in cationic distribution and its influence on the magnetization of mixed-metal (nickel and zinc) cobaltite spinels
Authors: Deeloed Wanchai , Wattanathana Worawat , Jantaratana Pongsakorn , Prompinit Panida , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Singkammo Suparat , Sattayaporn Suchinda , Laobuthee Apirat , Suramitr Songwut , Hanlumyuang Yuranan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cobaltite oxide spinel (CoCo2O4) is one promising material that has been extensively studied for decades due to its versatile applications. Revealing the correlation among chemical compositions, cationic distributions, and physical properties are crucial for exploring its novel application. Here, a series of nickel/zinc co-substituted cobaltite spinels, Zn1−XNiXCo2O4 (ZNCO-X; where X = 0.00, 0.25, …, 1.00), was synthesized by calcining the hydrothermal-derived precursors and their magnetic properties have been investigated. Multiple x-ray based characterization techniques (XRD, XRF, XPS, and XAS) were applied to determine the crystalline structure and appropriated compositions of cation species (Zn2+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Co2+, and Co3+). In conjunction with Neel’s theory of antiferromagnetism, the theoretical magnetization of the spinel series was calculated based on the assumption that Zn2+ ion was located in tetrahedral (A site) while nickel cations (Ni2+ and Ni3+) occupying the octahedral (B site). The theoretical magnetization profile exhibited a good correlation. Superparamagnetic effect and cationic site exchange can be used to explain the discrepancies between the measured and calculated magnetizations. This work reported a systematic controlling of materials structure and cationic distribution, which are crucial for fine-tuning the magnetic property of the Zn1−XNiXCo2O4 cobaltite system.
Methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymers prepared by utilizing the Trommsdorff effect in an inverted two-stage extruder
Authors: Zhan Pengfei , Chen Jianding , Zheng Anna , Shi Han , Wu Tao , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang , Guan Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work, the influence of initial viscosity on the Trommsdorff effect was firstly investigated, and it was confirmed that 1000 ± 100 Pa · s of viscosity could be a criterion of the Trommsdorff effect. On this basis, a new inverted two-stage extruder was established, the designed ‘blocking unit’ was introduced to the screw configuration, and then the continuous bulk copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St) was carried out. The results showed that the blocking unit could effectively enhance the residence time of copolymerization, and make the molecular weight distribution of copolymer more uniform. The position of the Trommsdorff effect in the extruder was then determined by the thermal effect of copolymerization, and the mixed monomers were continuously added to effectively utilize the Trommsdorff effect. As a result, the MMA-St copolymers with high molecular weight and narrow distribution were prepared via reactive extrusion, which possessed higher melt flow rate and better thermal stability than pure-PMMA. The present work provides important reference and guidance for the industrialization of bulk free radical copolymerization via reactive extrusion.
An experimental test to separate the effects of male age and mating history on female mate choice
Authors: Aich Upama , Bonnet Timothee , Fox Rebecca J , Jennions Michael D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractShould females prefer older males as mates? Male survival to old age might indicate the presence of fitness-enhancing genes that increase offspring fitness. However, many correlational studies show that mating with older males can lower female fecundity and even reduce offspring fitness due to epigenetic or germline mutation effects. One problem in quantifying female choice based on male age is that age is usually confounded with mating history. This begs a question: Do females choose males based on their age or their mating history? The answer requires an experimental approach, but few such studies exist. Here, we test if experimentally induced variation in the mating history of old and young males (12-week difference in postmaturity age) affects female choice in the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). To vary mating history, adult males were either allowed to freely mate with females for 3 weeks or they only had visual contact with females. Immediately thereafter, we ran four-choice mating trials, using association time, to test the effects of male age and mating history (2 × 2 design) on male attractiveness. Females did not show a clear preference for males based on either characteristic. This was not due to a lack of female choice: females spent significantly more time with larger males. In addition, female choice was significantly repeatable across four trials: twice as a virgin and twice as a nonvirgin. Finally, female mating status (virgin or nonvirgin) did not affect her choice of mate, although virgin females spent significantly more time associating with test males.
Characteristics of Ebola Virus Disease Survivor Blood and Semen in Liberia: Serology and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
Authors: Kofman Aaron , Linderman Susanne , Su Kaihong , Purpura Lawrence J , Ervin Elizabeth , Brown Shelley , Morales-Betoulle Maria , Graziano James , Cannon Deborah L , Klena John D , Desamu-Thorpe Rodel , Fankhauser John , Orone Romeo , Moses Soka , Glaybo Uriah , Massaquoi Moses , Nyenswah Tolbert , Nichol Stuart T , Kollie Jomah , Kiawu Armah , Freeman Edna , Giah Giovanni , Tony Henry , Faikai Mylene , Jawara Mary , Kamara Kuku , Kamara Samuel , Flowers Benjamin , Mohammed Kromah , Chiriboga David , Williams Desmond E , Hinrichs Steven H , Ahmed Rafi , Vonhm Benjamin , Rollin Pierre E , Choi Mary J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Ebola virus (EBOV), species Zaire ebolavirus, may persist in the semen of male survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). We conducted a study of male survivors of the 2014–2016 EVD outbreak in Liberia and evaluated their immune responses to EBOV. We report here findings from the serologic testing of blood for EBOV-specific antibodies, molecular testing for EBOV in blood and semen, and serologic testing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a subset of study participants.

Methods
We tested for EBOV RNA in blood by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and for anti-EBOV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 126 study participants. We performed PBMC analysis on a subgroup of 26 IgG-negative participants.

Results
All 126 participants tested negative for EBOV RNA in blood by qRT-PCR. The blood of 26 participants tested negative for EBOV-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. PBMCs were collected from 23/26 EBOV IgG-negative participants. Of these, 1/23 participants had PBMCs that produced anti-EBOV-specific IgG antibodies upon stimulation with EBOV-specific glycoprotein (GP) and nucleoprotein (NP) antigens.

Conclusions
The blood of EVD survivors, collected when they did not have symptoms meeting the case definition for acute or relapsed EVD, is unlikely to pose a risk for EBOV transmission. We identified 1 IgM/IgG negative participant who had PBMCs that produced anti-EBOV-specific antibodies upon stimulation. Immunogenicity following acute EBOV infection may exist along a spectrum, and absence of antibody response should not be exclusionary in determining an individual’s status as a survivor of EVD.
Link prediction in complex networks using information-theoretic measures
Authors: Malhotra Deepanshu , Goyal Rinkaj 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInterconnections among real-world entities through explicit or implicit relationships form complex networks, such as social, economic and engineering systems. Recently, the studies based on such complex networks have provided a boost to our understanding of various events and processes ranging from biology to technology. Link prediction algorithms assist in predicting, analysing and deciphering more significant details about the networks and their future structures. In this study, we propose three different link prediction algorithms based on different structural features of the network combined with the information-theoretic analyses. The first two algorithms (variants) are developed for unweighted networks, while the third approach deals with the weighted ones. The proposed methods exhibit better and robust performances in the majority of cases, and at least comparable, if not better in other cases. This work is built upon the previously published mutual information-based approaches for link prediction; however, this study considers structural features of the network to augment mutual information measures and provides insights for finding hidden links in the network.