bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric Sensitivity Analysis of the Separation Process for N-Butanol Production
Authors: Johan Z J , Tuan Muda T Z , Yee C S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
n-butanol and iso-butanol are commonly produced by the hydrogenation of n-butyraldehyde and iso-butyraldehyde employing the patented copper catalyst accommodated in the reactors in series. The main cause of the lower n-butanol and iso-butanol yield was due to the catalyst blockage rendering a pressure build-up that could lead to a plant shut down. Bypassing the last reactor from the series could be a potential solution to continue running the plant until the next shutdown plan to replace catalyst. The study adopted simulation approach using Aspen Plus V10 to investigate the effect of bypassing the last reactor in the series to the product purity of the downstream separation processes. The iso-butanol and n-butanol with the desired purity were produced from the distillate and bottom product when the column was operated at the RR of 8.03 and DF of 0.328. The reaction conversion of R-102 was varied from 0.1-0.995 but the variation did not significantly change the composition of the main product. Hence, the present study affirmed that the bypassing of third reactor from the reactor train would not affect the product purity of the main product, n-butanol.
Optimization of green mandarin (Citrus reticulata) essential oil extraction using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and chemical composition analysis
Authors: Ngo T C Q , Tran T K N , Nguyen V M , Mai H C 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCitrus reticulataBlanco. peel possess various phytochemical compounds which exhibit high-value biological activities. However, the microwave-assisted technique has not been experimentally adopted in essential oil extraction fromCitrus reticulate. Therefore, the present study attempted adopt this microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method to extract the essential oil from the mandarin fruit peel and improved extraction method specifications. Fresh ground peels were used as the material and underwent three extraction cycles. Technical conditions for optimal oil yield consisted of raw material/solvent ratio of 1: 3 (g/ml), microwave power of 600W, and time extraction of 55 min. After extraction, essential oil products were analyzed for composition on the GC-MS method. Obtained essential oils featured main ingredients including limonene (97.688%), sabinene (0.12%), β-myrcene (1.394%), (-)-β-pinene (0.273%) and 1R-α- pinene (0.525%). These results suggest the use ofCitrus reticulataessential oil in manufacture of antibacterial, antioxidant agents and in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
Study on extraction process and analysis of components in essential oils of Vietnamese orange peel (Citrus sinensis) by microwave assisted hydrodistillation extraction
Authors: Toan T Q , Truc T T , Le X T , Quyen N T C , Tran T H 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study attempted the extraction of essential oils (EOs) from orange peel, and optimized the experimental parameters of the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation process. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry was often used for the assessment of the chemical content of the natural oils collected. Optimal conditions for the extraction process consisted of the ratio of 1:3 peel/water, microwave power of 300W and duration of 45 minutes. These conditions gave the highest yield (2%). From the gas chromatographic results, five components were identified in the obtained orange peel EOs with Limonene being the major components (98.416%). Based on availability, orange peel is suggested as an economically viable source for limonene production. Obtained results are expected to aid in mitigation of environmental impact caused by agricultural wastes.
Evaluate the Chemical Composition of Peels and Juice of Seedless Lemon (Citrus latifolia) Grown in Hau Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Pham T , Nguyen N T P , Dinh D V , Kieu N Th , Bach L G , Phong H X , Muoi N V , Truc T T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this study, the specific chemical composition of Seedless Lemon (Citrus latifolia) grown in Hau Giang Province, Vietnam was determined. The experiment was conducted based on the baseline methods referenced from previous studies. The results of the component survey show that, in Persian Lime, the acidity is 0.637 ± 0.08 g/L and 4.916 ± 0.03 g/L respectively with lemon peel and lemon juice (pH is 4.5 and 2 respectively). The basic components are also determined with the parameters corresponding to lemon peel and lemon juice including: Brix 2% and 8%, ash 1,780 ± 0.004% and 0.314 ± 0.002%, lipid content 2.93 ± 0.044% and 0.542 ± 0.051%. In which, the content of vitamin C in lemon juice is quite good, reaching 8.392 ± 0.28 mg/g. This research helps shape the basic parameters of local Vietnamese raw materials, thereby laying the premise for the development of related products.
Comparative study of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) essential oil extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation, microwave extraction and hydrodistillation methods from Tien Giang, Vietnam
Authors: Dao T P , Ngo T C Q , Le T D , Ngo H D , Thao Phuong , Tran T G , Nguyen N T , Huynh X P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) essential oil is well-known for bactericidal, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. Thus, an effective extraction method is required to obtain high oil yield with an abundant content of bioactive compounds. In the present study, the chemical profiles of essential oils extracted from the peels of Mandarin) via hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and microwave extraction (ME) were reported in this study. Extraction techniques were carried out at their optimal conditions and the results were compared with each other. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to perform compositional determination. A total of 5 components was determined, accounting for almost 100% of total oil content. The extraction efficiencies were 3.6%, 6.8%, and 5.5% respectively obtained from HD, MAHD and ME. The results showed that MAHD seemed to result in higher yield and essential oil with identical chemical composition and quality in comparison with those of other methods, suggesting that MAHD was a potential alternative method to HD to reduce the time and cost of the extraction process.
Studies on Polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Graviola tea pulp (Annona muricata L.)
Authors: Tran Q T , Vo T T , Nguyen P T N , Nguyen N Q , Tran T Y N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tea is the most commonly consumed beverage worldwide due to promote health and prevention of some human diseases. Soursop tea pulp is well-known for containing a significant content of ascorbic acid (TAA), polyphenols (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC). In the present study, different pulp tea samples with varying dates of production were checked for TAA, TPC, TFC, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging activities, followed by sensory evaluation. There is a difference in TAA between sample (1) and (4), achieved 7.43 ± 0.04 mg/g DM and 12.21 ± 0.04 mg/g DM, respectively. TFC content ranged between 0.13 and 0.18. The phenolics group in tea is high and there are differences between the 3 recent production samples with (1): 3.81mg QC/g DM fluctuation. In sample 1, the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of Soursop was correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid content with values of 0.26 mgAA / g DM, 2.61 mgAA / g DM for DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, respectively. Moreover, the CIE Lab* color space of the soursop tea is measured in the dark area, the L * difference achieved at 30.82 ± 1.24 (2) lowest and the highest 37.42 ± 4.77 (1). Consumer sensory evaluation is performed with results based on a 5-point scale describing: flavor, aroma, color, and favorite. The results showed sensory acceptance of all four samples and neligible difference in scores.
Dynamic constitutive behavior investigation of a novel low alloy ultra-high strength steel
Authors: Lu Tie , Li Yong , Zhao Hongjin , Wang Chunxu , Han Shun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The goal of this work is to reveal the dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive relationship of a novel low alloy ultra-high strength DT506 steel under high strain rates. The quasi-static state and dynamic compression behavior of the material at the strain rates of 10−3–103 s−1 were examined using an MTS landmark electro-hydraulic servo universal tester and a Split-Hopkinson bar (SHPB). The results show that DT506 steel is a strain-rate-sensitive material that shows an increase in strength with increasing strain rate. Based on the quasi-static and dynamic compression data, the parameters in the Cowper-Symonds (C-S) and the Johnson-Cook (J-C) models are determined. Since the previously developed models are cannot accurately predict the effect of the strain rate. A new theoretical model is obtained through the optimization of the parameters in the standard J-C model. The optimized model greatly improves the prediction accuracy of the true stress-strain dynamic behavior of materials. This new model is helpful for the verification of the underlying mechanism of the dynamic behavior of the material. Test results may provide basic data for future research on dynamic mechanical properties and constitutive relationship of metal alloys.
Adsorption of reactive red 2BF onto Ni0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles fabricated via the ethanol solution of nitrate combustion process
Authors: Chen Jianhong , Wang Zhou , Lv Zhixiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An ethanol solution of nitrate combustion process for the fabrication of magnetic Ni0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was introduced. And the Ni0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles fabricated at 500 °C for 2 h were characterized by means of the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the x-ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic Ni0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were useful to remove reactive red 2BF (RR-2BF) from wastewater, and the adsorption mechanism of RR-2BF onto magnetic Ni0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was explored. The experimental results revealed that Temkin isotherm model and the pseudo-second kinetics model matched well with adsorption process, which indicated that there was monolayer and multilayer adsorption in the adsorption behavior of RR-2BF onto magnetic Ni0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles. While, the effects of the adsorbent dosage and pH value of solution on the adsorption process were investigated, and it was found that with the increase of them, the adsorbances of RR-2BF onto Ni0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles decreased. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni0.3Co0.2Zn0.5Fe2O4 was about 138 mg g−1, and the adsorbance amounted to 75% of the initial one after 8 recycles.
Materials selection method using TOPSIS with some popular normalization methods
Authors: Yang Won-Chol , Chon Son-Hak , Choe Chol-Min , Yang Ji-Yon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to propose the methods to select reasonable normalization method in TOPSIS and decide best optimal material combined with individual results from TOPSIS with some popular normalization methods. In this paper, to evaluate performance of normalization method, entropy-based and variation coefficient-based performance scores are introduced. To decide final result of materials selection combined with individual results from TOPSIS with different normalization methods, final rank index of alternative material is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods, TOPSIS with some popular normalization methods is applied to select optimal tribological coating material. As a result, it is desirable to select the normalization method with highest entropy-based and variation coefficient-based performance scores. In order to select best optimal material using TOPSIS with some popular normalization methods, the method to decide final result of materials selection is proposed by using final indices of alternative materials. The proposed methods may be widely used to solve the materials selection problems in engineering practice.
Improved performance of InGaN/GaN Near-UV light-emitting diodes with staircase hole injector
Authors: Kim Sang-Jo , Kim Seongjun , Oh Semi , Lee Kwang Jae , Cho Chu-Young , Ro Han-Sol , Kang Min-Jae , Sung Minje , Lee Nam-Suk , Shin Hoon-Kyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We report the enhanced performance of near-ultraviolet (NUV) InGaN/GaN multiple quantum-well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a staircase hole injector (SHI). Simulation results indicate that the internal electrostatic field in the QW of the LED-SHI is decreased owing to the reduced sheet charge density at the interface between QW and quantum barrier (QB) caused by the smaller In content difference. Additionally, the SHI structure in the QBs suppresses the ballistic or quasi-ballistic hole transport, thus enhancing efficient hole injection into the QWs. The radiative output power of an LED-SHI is increased by 25.3% at 300 mA over that of conventional LEDs with GaN QBs. The droop of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) an LED-SHI at 300 A·cm−1 is 6.1%, while the LED with GaN QBs has an IQE droop of 17.7%. The reduced IQE droop and increased radiative output power in the LED-SHI is attributed to the reduced hole overflow, increased hole injection into the MQW and the decreased electrostatic field in the MQWs. The results show that the SHI structure in the LED is promising for improved performance in high-power GaN-based NUV LEDs.
Personalized information diffusion in signed social networks
Authors: Qu Cunquan , Bi Jialin , Wang Guanghui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Understanding the dynamics in complex networks is crucial in various applications, such as quelling the epidemic outbreak, preventing the spread of rumors online, and promoting the diffusion of science and technology information. In this study, we investigated a personalized information diffusion (PID) mechanism on signed networks. The main assumption of this mechanism is that if a message is good for the stakeholder, then it is also good for his/her friends but bad for his/her enemies. At each step, the individual who receives the information will determine whether to forward it based on his/her relationship with the stakeholder. We find that bad news may spread further than good news even if a stakeholder has more directly connected friends than enemies. Moreover, the nodes that have more (potential) friends across the network can spread good information more widely. However, individuals who have more enemies locally can spread bad information more widely. Our findings may inspire the design of strategies for controlling information, epidemics, or rumors in social networks.
Evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of the All Heifer, No Cow beef production system using a system dynamics model based on 6 yr of demonstration herd data
Authors: Harrison Meredith A , Sheehan John J , Seidel George E , Mooney Dan F , Rhoades Ryan D , Ahola Jason K 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alternative management strategies with no cows and all heifers may improve biological and economic efficiency of beef production. The All Heifer, No Cow (AHNC) beef production system involves insemination of nulliparous heifers with female sex-selected semen (FSS) to produce primarily female calves that are early weaned at 3 mo of age. Dams are finished on a high concentrate diet and harvested before 30 mo of age. The objectives of this research were to: 1) build a dynamic model of an AHNC beef production system to quantify system biological and economic efficiency; 2) compare effects of utilizing FSS vs. conventional semen on biological and economic efficiency; 3) evaluate what-if scenarios to determine the effects on biological and economic efficiency of changing variables ±5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% from initial observed values; and 4) evaluate the effects on biological and economic efficiency of changing variables ±10% from initial observed values. A model was built over a 21-yr horizon using Stella Architect. Biological parameter values in the model were based on the 6 yr of data collected from the management of an AHNC demonstration herd. In the model animal, total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake, hot carcass weight (HCW), and age at harvest were randomized. Feed, animal, and carcass prices included in the model were based on 10 yr of historical U.S. price data. Key response variables were biological and economic efficiency (mean ± SD). Biological efficiency was defined as the ratio of output (kilograms of HCW produced) to input (lifetime kilograms of feed TDN consumed), and economic efficiency was measured using a benefit–cost ratio (BCR) and unit variable cost (UVC). Over 40 simulation runs, the predicted mean biological efficiency was 0.0714 ± 0.0008. Economic efficiency was 0.95 ± 0.02 and US $445.41 ± 0.06 for BCR and UVC, respectively. Biological and economic efficiency was improved in the conventional semen scenario; biological efficiency was 0.0738 ± 0.0008, and BCR and UVC were 0.99 ± 0.04 and US $407.24 ± 0.006, respectively. Under this parameterization and market conditions, the AHNC beef production system failed to achieve profitability under any scenario that was evaluated. However, this review did not account for the potential increased genetic benefit from a decreased generation interval and the reduction in feed energy in comparison to a conventional cow/calf system.
Navigating Institutions for Integration: Perceived Institutional Barriers of Access to the Labour Market among Refugee Women in Sweden
Authors: Spehar Andrea 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sweden may in many respects be regarded as one of the most gender-equal countries in the world today. However, when looking at the situation of immigrant women a more unsettling picture emerges. Employment rates illustrate large gaps between native and immigrant women, as well as significant gender gaps between immigrant men and women. When investigating plausible explanations for underrepresentation of immigrant women in the labour market, scholars have mainly focussed on cultural and individual explanatory factors. In contrast, this article casts our analytical gaze towards institutional factors by examining the experiences of refugee women who, despite expressing a positive attitude and strong willingness to establish themselves on the Swedish labour market, had not succeeded in finding secure employment. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with refugee women, the results suggest that the insufficient institutional support during the first years in Sweden, devaluation of competence and challenges with ‘starting over’ are perceived as central barriers hindering their access to the Swedish labour market. To facilitate higher labour force participation among refugee women in Sweden it is crucial to develop and implement gender-sensitive measures that target different groups of immigrant women and meet their distinct experiences, needs, and interests.
High resolution X-ray spectroscopy of Supergiant HMXB 4U1700−37 during the compact object eclipse.
Authors: Martínez-Chicharro M , Grinberg V , Torrejón J M , Schulz N , Oskinova L , Nowak M , Fürst F , Hell N , Hainich R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present an analysis of the first observation of the iconic High Mass X-ray Binary 4U 1700−37 with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Gratings during an X-ray eclipse. The goal of the observation was to study the structure/physical conditions in the clumpy stellar wind through high resolution spectroscopy. We find that: a) emission line brightness from K shell transitions, corresponding to near neutral species, directly correlates with continuum illumination. However, these lines do not greatly diminish during eclipse. This is readily explained if fluorescence Kα emission comes from the bulk of the wind. b) The highly ionised Fe xxv and Fe xxvi Lyα diminish during eclipse. Thus, they must be produced in the vicinity of the compact object where log ξ &gt; 3. c) to describe the emission line spectrum, the sum of two self consistent photo ionisation models with low ionisation (log ξ ∼ −1) and high ionisation (log ξ ∼ 2.4) is required. From their emission measures, the clump-to-interclump density ratio can be estimated to be nc/ni ∼ 300. To fit the complex He-like Si xiii profile, the plasma requires a broadening with vbulk ∼ 840 km s−1. Reproducing the observed r ≈ f line fluxes requires the addition of a third collisionally ionised plasma. d) Emission lines widths appear unresolved at the hetg gratings resolution with exception of Silicon. There is no clear radial segregation between (quasi)neutral and ionised species, consistent with cold wind clumps interspersed in a hot rarefied interclump medium.
The MRN complex promotes DNA repair by homologous recombination and restrains antigenic variation in African trypanosomes
Authors: Mehnert Ann-Kathrin , Prorocic Marco , Dujeancourt-Henry Annick , Hutchinson Sebastian , McCulloch Richard , Glover Lucy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHomologous recombination dominates as the major form of DNA repair in Trypanosoma brucei, and is especially important for recombination of the subtelomeric variant surface glycoprotein during antigenic variation. RAD50, a component of the MRN complex (MRE11, RAD50, NBS1), is central to homologous recombination through facilitating resection and governing the DNA damage response. The function of RAD50 in trypanosomes is untested. Here we report that RAD50 and MRE11 are required for RAD51-dependent homologous recombination and phosphorylation of histone H2A following a DNA double strand break (DSB), but neither MRE11 nor RAD50 substantially influence DSB resection at a chromosome-internal locus. In addition, we reveal intrinsic separation-of-function between T. brucei RAD50 and MRE11, with only RAD50 suppressing DSB repair using donors with short stretches of homology at a subtelomeric locus, and only MRE11 directing DSB resection at the same locus. Finally, we show that loss of either MRE11 or RAD50 causes a greater diversity of expressed VSG variants following DSB repair. We conclude that MRN promotes stringent homologous recombination at subtelomeric loci and restrains antigenic variation.
Extra-virgin olive oil and the gut-brain axis: influence on gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, and cardiometabolic and cognitive health
Authors: Millman Jasmine F , Okamoto Shiki , Teruya Taiki , Uema Tsugumi , Ikematsu Shinya , Shimabukuro Michio , Masuzaki Hiroaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), a popular functional food and major source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, possesses a variety of healthful components, including monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolic compounds that, individually and collectively, exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic markers of health and act as neuroprotective agents through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The gut microbiota and health of the intestinal environment are now considered important factors in the development of obesity, metabolic disease, and even certain neurodegenerative conditions via the gut-brain axis. Recently, data are emerging which demonstrate that the health-promoting benefits of EVOO may also extend to the gut microbiota. In this review, we aimed to examine findings from recent studies regarding the impact of EVOO on gut microbiota and intestinal health and explore how modulations in composition of gut microbiota, production of microbially produced products, and activity and functioning of the mucosal immune system may lead to favorable outcomes in cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive health.