bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Symptomatology, Disease Course, and Treatment of Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome in a Large Sample
Authors: Natale Caleb , Gabrielson Andrew , Tue Nguyen Hoang Minh , Dick Brian , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology where patients experience distressing physical and psychological after ejaculatory sequelae.

Aim
To better characterize the epidemiology, symptomatology, disease course, and treatment of POIS, with specific interest placed on examining relationships between disease presentation and measures of disease burden.

Methods
A 30-item questionnaire was distributed to an online community of patients with POIS from June 2019 to January 2020. We assessed diagnostic criteria and clusters of symptomatology described in prior studies. Outcome measures include self-reported measures of symptom severity, disease burden, and behavioral changes. Statistical correlations were assessed with Pearson's chi-squared (χ2) and ordinal regression analyses.

Outcomes
The main outcome measures of this study are self-reported measures of symptom severity, disease burden, and behavioral changes.

Results
The sample consisted of 302 men (mean age: 32.6 ± 11.4 years, mean age of onset: 19.1 ± 7.8 years) with 89% satisfying ≥3 diagnostic criteria. Common symptoms were difficulty concentrating (254, 84%), extreme fatigue (250, 83%), irritability (225, 74%), and muscle weakness (212, 70%). Common symptom clusters were general (219, 72%), muscle (137, 45%), and head (93, 31%). Common behavioral modifications were avoiding masturbation (215, 71%), schedule changes (213, 71%), and abstinence (186, 62%). Head and throat symptom clusters demonstrated worse disease burden outcomes. Professional medical advice was sought by 51% of participants. Attempted treatments included pharmacotherapy, vitamins, supplements, and herbs with variable efficacy.

Clinical Implications
This study further characterizes POIS, including how patients respond to the condition, how it is treated in the community, and presentations that may be associated with more severe disease.

Strengths & Limitations
This is the largest study to date that concerns patients suffering from POIS and includes a diverse, global population. Limitations include that the survey was only administered in English and within 1 online community, that results were self-reported, and that the response rate was low (32%).

Conclusions
Characterizing symptom cluster, but not number of diagnostic criteria, may offer prognostic value, and investigation to elucidate pathophysiology and potential treatments for POIS is necessary.
Echo Chambers and Audio Signal Processing
Authors: Elzinga Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFollowing Cass Sunstein's popular treatment of the concept, echo chambers are often defined as environments which exclude contrary opinions through omission. C. Thi Nguyen contests the popular usage and defines echo chambers in terms of in-group trust and out-group distrust. In this paper, I argue for a more comprehensive treatment. While both exclusion by omission and out-group distrust help sustain echo chambers, neither defines the phenomenon. I develop a social network model of echo chambers which focuses on the role of belief-reinforcing echoes. First, I argue that the model allows us to incorporate Nguyen's main point about distrust without construing other commentators as deeply mistaken about the nature of echo chambers. Second, I use the model to develop an account ofcollaborative resistanceand use it to clarify the role echo chambers play in spreading misinformation.
Characterizing Clostridioides difficile infections and hospital exposures in California using surveillance and administrative data, 2014–2015
Authors: Magro Monise , Rosenberg Jon , Epson Erin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To evaluate a method to identify hospitals contributing to Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) at subsequent hospitalizations.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:We merged 2014–2015 National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) inpatient CDI laboratory-identified events with hospital patient discharge data. For patients with incident community-onset CDI (CO CDI), we identified immediately preceding admissions (within 12 weeks) unrelated to CDI at different (exposure) hospitals. We calculated an exposure rate, and we selected hospitals with the highest (90th–100th percentile) rates by hospital type and compared these rates with reported standardized infection ratios (SIR) for CDI.Results:We successfully matched 44,691 of 58,842 NHSN CDI records (76.0%) with a hospital discharge record. Among 36,215 unique matched records, 5,234 (14.5%) had an admission not related to CDI within 12 weeks prior to an incident CO CDI event, and 1,574 of these admissions (30.1%) occurred in a different hospital. For 33 hospitals with an exposure ranking within the 90th–100th percentile, CDI SIRs for 22 (66.7%) were not significantly different; 3 (9.1%) were lower; and 8 (24.2%) were higher than the national baseline. Also, 12 (36.4%) had an SIR ≤1.0.Conclusions:The identification of high-ranked exposure hospitals presents an alternative to SIR for measuring the contribution of hospitals to the CDI burden across the continuum of care. Further exploration of the potential factors leading to high exposure rank, such as antibiotic use and infection control practices, is indicated and may inform CDI prevention outreach to healthcare facilities and provider networks in California and elsewhere.
Impact of initial COVID-19 restrictions on psychiatry presentations to the emergency department of a large academic teaching hospital
Authors: McAndrew Joseph , O’Leary Julia , Cotter David , Cannon Mary , MacHale Siobhan , Murphy Kieran C. , Barry Helen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives:To determine if the initial COVID-19 societal restrictions, introduced in Ireland in March 2020, impacted on the number and nature of psychiatry presentations to the emergency department (ED) of a large academic teaching hospital.Methods:We examined anonymised clinical data of psychiatry presentations to the ED during the initial 8-week period of COVID-19 restrictions. Data from corresponding 8-week periods in 2018 and 2019 were also extracted for comparison.Results:Psychiatry presentations to ED reduced by 21% during the COVID-19 restrictions, from 24/week to 19/week when compared with corresponding periods in 2018/2019 (Poisson’s Rate Test estimate of difference −5.2/week, 95% CI 1.3–9.1, p = 0.012). Numbers attending for out-of-hours assessment remained unchanged (81 v. 80), but numbers seeking assessment during normal hours decreased (71 v. 114). We observed increased presentations from the <18 age group, but decreased presentations from the 18 to 29 age group (Pearson’s Chi-Square 20.363, df = 6, p = 0.002). We recorded an increase in anxiety disorders during the initial COVID-19 restrictions (31 v. 23), and a reduction in alcohol disorders (28 v. 52). The proportion of presentations with suicidal ideation (SI) or self-harm as factors remained unchanged.Conclusions:Rates of emergency presentation with mental illness reduced during the initial COVID-19 restrictions. This may represent an unmet burden of mental health needs. Younger people may be experiencing greater distress and mental illness during the current crisis. More people sought help for anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 restrictions compared with corresponding data from 2018 and 2019.
Size variations in foraminifers from the early Permian to the Late Triassic: implications for the Guadalupian–Lopingian and the Permian–Triassic mass extinctions
Authors: Feng Yan , Song Haijun , Bond David P. G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe final 10 Myr of the Paleozoic saw two of the biggest biological crises in Earth history: the middlePermian extinction (often termed the Guadalupian–Lopingian extinction [GLE]) that was followed 7–8 Myr later by Earth's most catastrophic loss of diversity, the Permian–Triassic mass extinction (PTME). These crises are not only manifest as sharp decreases in biodiversity and—particularly for the PTME—total ecosystem collapse, but they also drove major changes in biological morphological characteristics such as the Lilliput effect. The evolution of test size among different clades of foraminifera during these two extinction events has been less studied. We analyzed a global database of foraminiferal test size (volume) including 20,226 specimens in 464 genera, 98 families, and 9 suborders from 632 publications. Our analyses reveal significant reductions in foraminiferal mean test size across the Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary (GLB) and the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB), from 8.89 to 7.60 log10μm3(lg μm3) and from 7.25 to 5.82 lg μm3, respectively. The decline in test size across the GLB is a function of preferential extinction of genera exhibiting gigantism such as fusulinoidean fusulinids. Other clades show little change in size across the GLB. In contrast, all Lopingian suborders in our analysis (Fusulinina, Lagenina, Miliolina, and Textulariina) experienced a significant decrease in test size across the PTB, mainly due to size-biased extinction and within-lineage change. The PTME was clearly a major catastrophe that affected many groups simultaneously, and the GLE was more selective, perhaps hinting at a subtler, less extreme driver than the later PTME.
EAT–Lancetdiet score requires minimum intake values to predict higher micronutrient adequacy of diets in rural women of reproductive age from five low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Hanley-Cook Giles T. , Argaw Alemayehu A. , de Kok Brenda P. , Vanslambrouck Katrien W. , Toe Laeticia C. , Kolsteren Patrick W. , Jones Andrew D. , Lachat Carl K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe EAT–LancetCommission promulgated a universal reference diet. Subsequently, researchers constructed an EAT–Lancetdiet score (0–14 points), with minimum intake values for various dietary components set at 0 g/d, and reported inverse associations with risks of major health outcomes in a high-income population. We assessed associations between EAT–Lancetdiet scores, without or with lower bound values, and the mean probability of micronutrient adequacy (MPA) among nutrition-insecure women of reproductive age (WRA) from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We analysed single 24-h diet recall data (n1950) from studies in rural DRC, Ecuador, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Associations between EAT–Lancetdiet scores and MPA were assessed by fitting linear mixed-effects models. Mean EAT–Lancetdiet scores were 8·8 (SD1·3) and 1·9 (SD1·1) without or with minimum intake values, respectively. Pooled MPA was 0·58 (SD0·22) and energy intake was 10·5 (SD4·6) MJ/d. A one-point increase in the EAT–Lancetdiet score, without minimum intake values, was associated with a 2·6 (SD0·7) percentage points decrease in MPA (P< 0·001). In contrast, the EAT–Lancetdiet score, with minimum intake values, was associated with a 2·4 (SD1·3) percentage points increase in MPA (P= 0·07). Further analysis indicated positive associations between EAT–Lancetdiet scores and MPA adjusted for energy intake (P< 0·05). Our findings indicate that the EAT–Lancetdiet score requires minimum intake values for nutrient-dense dietary components to avoid positively scoring non-consumption of food groups and subsequently predicting lower MPA of diets, when applied to rural WRA in LMIC.
Economic and stochastic efficiency analysis of alternative cover crop systems in Louisiana
Authors: Wang Hua , Adusumilli Naveen , Gentry Donna , Fultz Lisa 
Published: September 2020

SummaryLandowners can engage in voluntary conservation with the help of incentive programs. Recommended conservation practices are selected based on management intentions as well as the contribution of those practices to the overall net returns. However, conservation motives are heterogeneous and based on individual risk behavior. Existing cost-share programs might either under-fund or over-fund conservation, which could lead to inefficient management of natural resources. The current analysis evaluates the economic feasibility of variable cover crop strategies, multiple seeding rates, within a soybean production system in silt loam and clay soils. The study utilizes stochastic efficiency with respect to a function, referred to as SERF, for determining the preferred strategies under various risk preferences. The SERF method accounts for the heterogeneity of individual decision-making with regards to conservation adoption. Results indicate that most risk-averse farmers chose tillage radish with medium seeding rate as their preferred strategy. However, as the risk-bearing capacity of an individual increases, the current level of incentives does not motivate to implement conservation. The most preferred plan for risk-neutral farmers is the fallow system in both silt loam and clay soils. The economic and risk assessment framework can improve understanding of the temporal dynamics of different practices and inform policy on conservation structure that promotes agricultural systems that are economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable.
Effective Contact Tracing for COVID-19 Using Mobile Phones: An Ethical Analysis of the Mandatory Use of the Aarogya Setu Application in India
Authors: BASU SAURAV 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral digital contact tracing smartphone applications have been developed worldwide in the effort to combat COVID-19 that warn users of potential exposure to infectious patients and generate big data that helps in early identification of hotspots, complementing the manual tracing operations. In most democracies, concerns over a breach in data privacy have resulted in severe opposition toward their mandatory adoption. This paper examines India as a noticeable exception, where the compulsory installation of such a government-backed application, the “Aarogya Setu” has been deemed mandatory in certain situations. We argue that the mandatory app requirement constitutes a legitimate public health intervention during a public health emergency.
Reasons for the low influenza vaccination rate among nurses in Slovenia
Authors: Pavlič Danica Rotar , Maksuti Alem , Podnar Barbara , Kokalj Kokot Mateja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAim:This study aimed to identify nurses’ views on influenza vaccination and factors that might explain why they do not receive influenza vaccinations, and to examine any ethical issues encountered in the vaccination process.Background:All 27 European Union member states and 2 other European countries recommended influenza vaccinations for healthcare workers in 2014–15. Data show that the influenza vaccination rate among nurses in Slovenia is even lower than in other European countries. Slovenian study showed that 41.7% of the respondents had received both the pandemic and the seasonal vaccine. Doctors had the highest level of vaccine coverage, with 44.1%, followed by registered nurses at 23.4%, whereas the lowest level was found among nursing assistants and nursing technicians (17%) at a Ljubljana health clinic.Methods:A qualitative study was carried out. Nineteen nurses who did not receive influenza vaccination took part in the study. Thematic interviews were conducted in December 2018. Interview transcripts were read, coded, reviewed and labelled by three independent researchers. The collected material was processed using qualitative content analysis.Findings:Thirteen categories and four themes were identified and coded, which enabled an understanding of the nurses’ views regarding influenza vaccination. Most of their experiences were positive in one way: they recognised the importance of vaccination and people’s awareness of it. However, they did not obtain the influenza vaccine themselves. The main barriers to vaccination were doubt regarding the vaccine’s effectiveness, the potential for side effects, the belief that young healthcare professionals are well protected and not at high risk, an overrated trust in their own immune systems, and the belief that pharmaceutical industry marketing was targeting them. The nurses suggested several ways that vaccination could be promoted and improved vaccination coverage achieved. These findings call attention to the importance of recognising both the need for targeted information for the nurses and the need for different approaches to healthcare provision.
Computer vision in autism spectrum disorder research: a systematic review of published studies from 2009 to 2019
Authors: de Belen Ryan Anthony J. , Bednarz Tomasz , Sowmya Arcot , Del Favero Dennis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current state of computer vision methods applied to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research has not been well established. Increasing evidence suggests that computer vision techniques have a strong impact on autism research. The primary objective of this systematic review is to examine how computer vision analysis has been useful in ASD diagnosis, therapy and autism research in general. A systematic review of publications indexed on PubMed, IEEE Xplore and ACM Digital Library was conducted from 2009 to 2019. Search terms included [‘autis*’ AND (‘computer vision’ OR ‘behavio* imaging’ OR ‘behavio* analysis’ OR ‘affective computing’)]. Results are reported according to PRISMA statement. A total of 94 studies are included in the analysis. Eligible papers are categorised based on the potential biological/behavioural markers quantified in each study. Then, different computer vision approaches that were employed in the included papers are described. Different publicly available datasets are also reviewed in order to rapidly familiarise researchers with datasets applicable to their field and to accelerate both new behavioural and technological work on autism research. Finally, future research directions are outlined. The findings in this review suggest that computer vision analysis is useful for the quantification of behavioural/biological markers which can further lead to a more objective analysis in autism research.
Toward diagnostic relevance of the αVβ5, αVβ3, and αVβ6 integrins in OA: expression within human cartilage and spinal osteophytes
Authors: Charlier Edith , Deroyer Céline , Neuville Sophie , Plener Zelda , Malaise Olivier , Ciregia Federica , Gillet Philippe , Reuter Gilles , Salvé Mallory , Withofs Nadia , Hustinx Roland , de Seny Dominique , Malaise Michel G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe previously reported 18FPRGD2 uptake by the coxofemoral lining, intervertebral discs and facet joint osteophytes in OA using PET/SCAN imaging. However, the molecular mechanism by which the PRGD2 tracer interacts with joint tissues and osteophytes in OA remains unclear. As PRGD2 ligands are expected to belong to the RGD-specific integrin family, the purpose of this study was (i) to determine which integrin complexes display the highest affinity for PRGD2-based ligands, (ii) to analyze integrin expression in relevant tissues, and (iii) to test integrin regulation in chondrocytes using OA-related stimuli to increase the levels of fibrosis and ossification markers. To this end, the affinity of PRGD2-based ligands for five heterodimeric integrins was measured by competition with 125I-echistatin. In situ analyses were performed in human normal vs. OA cartilage and spinal osteophytes. Osteophytes were characterized by (immuno-)histological staining. Integrin subunit expression was tested in chondrocytes undergoing dedifferentiation, osteogenic differentiation, and inflammatory stimulation. The integrins αVβ5, αVβ3, and αVβ6 presented the highest affinity for PRGD2-based ligands. In situ, the expression of these integrins was significantly increased in OA compared to normal cartilage. Within osteophytes, the mean integrin expression score was significantly higher in blood vessels, fibrous areas, and cells from the bone lining than in osteocytes and cartilaginous zones. In vitro, the levels of integrin subunits were significantly increased during chondrocyte dedifferentiation (except for β6), fibrosis, and osteogenic differentiation as well as under inflammatory stimuli. In conclusion, anatomical zones (such as OA cartilage, intervertebral discs, and facet joint osteophytes) previously reported to show PRGD2 ligand uptake in vivo expressed increased levels of αVβ5, αVβ3, and β6 integrins, whose subunits are modulated in vitro by OA-associated conditions that increase fibrosis, inflammation, and osteogenic differentiation. These results suggest that the increased levels of integrins in OA compared to normal tissues favor PRGD2 uptake and might explain the molecular mechanism of OA imaging using the PRGD2-based ligand PET/CT.
Controllable gelation of artificial extracellular matrix for altering mass transport and improving cancer therapies
Authors: Zheng Di-Wei , Hong Sheng , Zhang Qiu-Ling , Dong Xue , Pan Pei , Song Wen-Fang , Song Wen , Cheng Si-Xue , Zhang Xian-Zheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlobal alterations in the metabolic network provide substances and energy to support tumor progression. To fuel these metabolic processes, extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a dominant role in supporting the mass transport and providing essential nutrients. Here, we report a fibrinogen and thrombin based coagulation system to construct an artificial ECM (aECM) for selectively cutting-off the tumor metabolic flux. Once a micro-wound is induced, a cascaded gelation of aECM can be triggered to besiege the tumor. Studies on cell behaviors and metabolomics reveal that aECM cuts off the mass transport and leads to a tumor specific starvation to inhibit tumor growth. In orthotopic and spontaneous murine tumor models, this physical barrier also hinders cancer cells from distant metastasis. The in vivo gelation provides an efficient approach to selectively alter the tumor mass transport. This strategy results in a 77% suppression of tumor growth. Most importantly, the gelation of aECM can be induced by clinical operations such as ultrasonic treatment, surgery or radiotherapy, implying this strategy is potential to be translated into a clinical combination regimen.
Urine metabolomics based prediction model approach for radiation exposure
Authors: Tyagi Ritu , Maan Kiran , Khushu Subash , Rana Poonam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe radiological incidents and terrorism have demanded the need for the development of rapid, precise, and non-invasive technique for detection and quantification of exposed dose of radiation. Though radiation induced metabolic markers have been thoroughly investigated, but reproducibility still needs to be elucidated. The present study aims at assessing the reliability and reproducibility of markers using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and further deriving a logistic regression model based on these markers. C57BL/6 male mice (8–10 weeks) whole body γ-irradiated and sham irradiated controls were used. Urine samples collected at 24 h post dose were investigated using high resolution NMR spectroscopy and the datasets were analyzed using multivariate analysis. Fifteen distinguishable metabolites and 3 metabolic pathways (TCA cycle, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis) were found to be amended. ROC curve and logistic regression was used to establish a diagnostic model as Logit (p) = log (p/1 − p) = −0.498 + 13.771 (tau) − 3.412 (citrate) − 34.461 (α-KG) + 515.183 (fumarate) with a sensitivity and specificity of 1.00 and 0.964 respectively. The findings demonstrate the proof of concept and the potential of NMR based metabolomics to establish a prediction model that can be implemented as a promising mass screening tool during triage.