bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governing complex linguistic diversity in Barcelona, Luxembourg and Riga
Authors: Kraus Peter A , Climent‐Ferrando Vicent , Frank Melanie , Garcia Núria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContemporary migration has entailed the emergence of new forms of multilingualism in many European cities. The article uses the concept of complex diversity to analyse this dynamic. The concept points at settings where historical forms of multilingualism and more recent patterns of linguistic heterogeneity interact in ways that lead to particularly rich cultural configurations. The authors assess how local authorities deal with multilingualism in three cities that represent ‘most complex’ cases of diversity politics: Barcelona, Luxembourg and Riga. The focus is on policies related to public communication and on the approaches adopted to promote social and political inclusion in ever more multilingual urban environments. In normative terms, the article concludes that political responses to complex diversity should aim both at overcoming linguistic status inequalities based on historical structures of domination and at creating common spaces of communication for diverse citizens.
Andrographolide‐loaded solid lipid nanoparticles enhance anti‐cancer activity against head and neck cancer and precancerous cells
Authors: Li Hongquan , Qu Xingzhou , Qian Wenhao , Song Yang , Wang Changhong , Liu Wei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence indicates that andrographolide (ADG) exhibits anti‐cancer activity against various cancer cell lines. However, its high hydrophobicity and poor bioavailability restrict its clinical application as a chemopreventative agent. Previously, we have shown that ADG‐loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) significantly enhanced the bioavailability and anti‐hyperlipidemic activity of ADG.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate whether ADG‐SLN enhanced the bioavailability and anti‐cancer efficacy of ADG in the human immortalized oral epithelial (HIOEC), precancerous leukoplakia (Leuk1), HN6, and HN30 cells that represented an in vitro model of stepwise head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development.ResultsThe 50% inhibitive concentration (IC50) of ADG‐SLN was significantly lower than that of free ADG against HIOEC, Leuk1, and HN6 and HN30 cells. Moreover, ADG‐SLN was more effective than free ADG in promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Importantly, intracellular absorption of ADG was significantly higher in HN6 cells treated with ADG‐SLN compared with free ADG‐treated cells.ConclusionsOur preliminary study demonstrates that ADG‐SLN exhibits superior inhibitory activity against head and neck cancer and precancerous cells compared with free ADG. This effect is due to the higher efficiency of cellular uptake and intracellular absorption by ADG‐SLN.
Power profiles of centre–distance multifocal soft contact lenses
Authors: Nti Augustine N , Ritchey Eric R , Berntsen David A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeCentre‐distance multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) for myopia control are thought to slow myopia progression by providing both clear foveal vision and myopic defocus. Characterising the power profile of lenses is important to understanding their possible effects on retinal defocus when worn. The power profiles of three commercially available MFCLs were determined.MethodsThree centre‐distance MFCL designs were studied: Biofinity Multifocal D +2.50 add (comfilcon A), Proclear Multifocal D +2.50 add (omafilcon A), and NaturalVue Multifocal (etafilcon A). Two lenses each in power from −1.00D to −6.00D in 1D steps were stored in ISO 18369‐3:2017 standard phosphate buffered saline for 24 h. Optical power profiles were measured in a wet cell with the SHSOphthalmic profiler accounting for centre thickness and manufacturer‐reported material refractive index. Sagittal power maps from the SHSOphthalmic were exported, and custom MATLAB code was used to generate power profiles by averaging along the vertical and horizontal meridians. One‐way anova with Tukey’s HSD post‐hoc t‐tests were used to analyse maximum add power by lens design.ResultsPlus power increased out from the lens centre for all three MFCLs. Power profiles of Biofinity D and Proclear D MFCLs show three distinct areas within the optic zone; the distance zone (from lens centre to about 1.6 mm radius), intermediate zone (about 1.6 mm radius to 2.1 mm) and near zone (about 2 mm radius to 4 mm). For NaturalVue MFCLs, plus power starts increasing almost immediately from the lens centre, reaching maximum measured mean plus power at a radius of 2.7 mm. From 2.7 mm to 3.0 mm, there was a decrease in plus power, which was then generally maintained out to the optic zone edge. Across all lens powers, maximum add power was highest with the NaturalVue MFCL (+3.32 ± 0.44D), then Proclear D (+1.84 ± 0.28D) and Biofinity D (+1.47 ± 0.34D) MFCLs (all p < 0.04). Add power peaked at different locations for different lens powers and designs.ConclusionsPower profiles of MFCLs vary based on lens design and power. These power profiles are consistent with reported myopic and hyperopic changes in peripheral refraction with MFCLs and provide some explanation for reported differences in peripheral refraction with these MFCLs. Further work is needed to determine whether these power profile differences influence myopia progression.
Anesthesia management for ENT surgery in a child with X‐linked pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Hau Vickie , Bonilla‐Velez Juliana , Low Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a rare X‐linked disorder that affects glucose metabolism. There are several case reports describing the anesthetic management of patients with PDCD. This is the first case report to describe the anesthetic management of a PDCD patient requiring spontaneous ventilation using dexmedetomidine and ketamine.
Differential localization of flavonoid glucosides in an aquatic plant implicates different functions under abiotic stress
Authors: Böttner Laura , Grabe Veit , Gablenz Saskia , Böhme Niklas , Appenroth Klaus J. , Gershenzon Jonathan , Huber Meret 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFlavonoids may mediate UV protection in plants either by screening of harmful radiation or by minimizing the resulting oxidative stress. To help distinguish between these alternatives, more precise knowledge of flavonoid distribution is needed. We used confocal laser scanning microscopy (cLSM) with the “emission fingerprinting” feature to study the cellular and subcellular distribution of flavonoid glucosides in the giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), and investigated the fitness effects of these compounds under natural UV radiation and copper sulphate addition (oxidative stress) using common garden experiments indoors and outdoors. cLSM “emission fingerprinting” allowed us to individually visualize the major dihydroxylated B‐ring‐substituted flavonoids, luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside and luteolin 8‐C‐glucoside, in cross‐sections of the photosynthetic organs. While luteolin 8‐C‐glucoside accumulated mostly in the vacuoles and chloroplasts of mesophyll cells, luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside was predominantly found in the vacuoles of epidermal cells. In congruence with its cellular distribution, the mesophyll‐associated luteolin 8‐C‐glucoside increased plant fitness under copper sulphate addition but not under natural UV light treatment, whereas the epidermis‐associated luteolin 7‐O‐glucoside tended to increase fitness under both stresses across chemically diverse genotypes. Taken together, we demonstrate that individual flavonoid glucosides have distinct cellular and subcellular locations and promote duckweed fitness under different abiotic stresses.
Evolving Science and Practice of Risk Assessment
Authors: von Stackelberg Katherine , Williams Pamela R.D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractManaging public health risks from environmental contaminants has historically relied on a risk assessment process defined by the regulatory context in which these risks are assessed. Risk assessment guidance follows a straightforward, chemical‐by‐chemical approach to inform regulatory decisions around the question “what is the risk‐based concentration protective of human and ecological health outcomes?” Here we briefly summarize regulatory risk assessment in the context of innovative risk assessment approaches based on an evolving understanding of the underlying scientific disciplines that support risk analysis more broadly. We discuss scientific versus regulatory tensions in the application of these approaches for future risk assessments, and challenges in translating our improved understanding of the underlying scientific complexity to the regulatory landscape to better inform decision making that extends beyond conventional regulatory mandates.
Phaseolus vulgaris MIR1511 genotypic variations differentially regulate plant tolerance to aluminum toxicity
Authors: Ángel Martín‐Rodríguez Jose , Ariani Andrea , Leija Alfonso , Elizondo Armando , Fuentes Sara I. , Ramirez Mario , Gepts Paul , Hernández Georgina , Formey Damien 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARYThe common‐bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), a widely consumed legume, originated in Mesoamerica and expanded to South America, resulting in the development of two geographically distinct gene pools. Poor soil condition, including metal toxicity, are often constraints to common‐bean crop production. Several P. vulgaris miRNAs, including miR1511, respond to metal toxicity. The MIR1511 gene sequence from the two P. vulgaris model sequenced genotypes revealed that, as opposed to BAT93 (Mesoamerican), the G19833 (Andean) accession displays a 58‐bp deletion, comprising the mature and star miR1511 sequences. Genotyping‐By‐Sequencing data analysis from 87 non‐admixed Phaseolus genotypes, comprising different Phaseolus species and P. vulgaris populations, revealed that all the P. vulgaris Andean genotypes and part of the Mesoamerican (MW1) genotypes analyzed displayed a truncated MIR1511 gene. The geographic origin of genotypes with a complete versus truncated MIR1511 showed a distinct distribution. The P. vulgaris ALS3 (Aluminum Sensitive Protein 3) gene, known to be important for aluminum detoxification in several plants, was experimentally validated as the miR1511 target. Roots from BAT93 plants showed decreased miR1511 and increased ALS3 transcript levels at early stages under aluminum toxicity (AlT), while G19833 plants, lacking mature miR1511, showed higher and earlier ALS3 response. Root architecture analyses evidenced higher tolerance of G19833 plants to AlT. However, G19833 plants engineered for miR1511 overexpression showed lower ALS3 transcript level and increased sensitivity to AlT. Absence of miR1511 in Andean genotypes, resulting in a diminished ALS3 transcript degradation, appears to be an evolutionary advantage to high Al levels in soils with increased drought conditions.
Association between renal failure and red blood cell alloimmunization among newly transfused patients
Authors: Oud Josine A. , Evers Dorothea , Middelburg Rutger A. , de Vooght Karen M. K. , van de Kerkhof Daan , Visser Otto , Péquériaux Nathalie C.V. , Hudig Francisca , van der Bom Johanna G. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRenal failure and renal replacement therapy (RRT) affect the immune system and could therefore modulate red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization after transfusion.Study Design and MethodsWe performed a nationwide multicenter case‐control study within a source population of newly transfused patients between 2005 and 2015. Using conditional multivariate logistic regression, we compared first‐time transfusion‐induced RBC alloantibody formers (N = 505) with two nonalloimmunized recipients with similar transfusion burden (N = 1010).ResultsRenal failure was observed in 17% of the control and 13% of the case patients. A total of 41% of the control patients and 34% of case patients underwent acute RRT. Renal failure without RRT was associated with lower alloimmunization risks after blood transfusion (moderate renal failure: adjusted relative rate [RR], 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67‐1.01]); severe renal failure, adjusted RR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.55‐1.05]). With severe renal failure patients mainly receiving RRT, the lowest alloimmunization risk was found in particularly these patients [adjusted RR 0.48 (95% CI 0.39‐0.58)]. This was similar for patients receiving RRT for acute or chronic renal failure (adjusted RR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.46‐0.75]); and adjusted RR, 0.62 [95% CI 0.45‐0.88], respectively).ConclusionThese findings are indicative of a weakened humoral response in acute as well as chronic renal failure, which appeared to be most pronounced when treated with RRT. Future research should focus on how renal failure and RRT mechanistically modulate RBC alloimmunization.
Cold storage of platelets in platelet additive solution maintains mitochondrial integrity by limiting initiation of apoptosis‐mediated pathways
Authors: Reddoch‐Cardenas Kristin M. , Peltier Grant C. , Chance Tiffani C. , Nair Prajeeda M. , Meledeo Michael A. , Ramasubramanian Anand K. , Cap Andrew P. , Bynum James A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundCold storage of platelets in plasma maintains hemostatic function and is an attractive alternative to room temperature platelets (RTPs). We have recently shown that functional differences between cold‐stored platelets (CSPs) and RTPs after 5‐day storage are associated with mitochondrial respiration and that CSPs in platelet (PLT) additive solution (PAS) can maintain hemostatic function for at least 15 days.Study Design and MethodsThis study tested the hypothesis that cold storage in PAS preserves mitochondrial integrity by reducing PLT apoptosis. CSPs and RTPs in plasma or PAS were stored and assayed for up to 15 days for mitochondrial function and integrity, mitochondrial‐associated mRNA transcript expression, apoptotic proteins, and apoptotic flow cytometry metrics.ResultsCSP preserved mitochondria‐associated mRNA comparable to baseline levels, improved mitochondrial respiration, and minimized depolarization to Day 15. Additionally, CSPs had minimal induction of caspases, preservation of plasma membrane integrity, and low expression of pro‐apoptotic Bax. Storage in PAS appeared to be protective for RTPs in some parameters and enhanced the effects of CSPs.ConclusionMitochondrial function and molecular analyses defined CSP priming as distinctly different from the well‐documented RTP storage lesion. While current blood bank storage at room temperature is limited to 5 to 7 days, refrigeration and storage in PAS for up to 15 days may represent an opportunity to enhance inventories and access to PLT hemostatic support for bleeding patients.
Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Boston highlights the impact of superspreading events
Authors: Lemieux Jacob E. , Siddle Katherine J. , Shaw Bennett M. , Loreth Christine , Schaffner Stephen F. , Gladden-Young Adrianne , Adams Gordon , Fink Timelia , Tomkins-Tinch Christopher H. , Krasilnikova Lydia A. , DeRuff Katherine C. , Rudy Melissa , Bauer Matthew R. , Lagerborg Kim A. , Normandin Erica , Chapman Sinéad B. , Reilly Steven K. , Anahtar Melis N. , Lin Aaron E. , Carter Amber , Myhrvold Cameron , Kemball Molly E. , Chaluvadi Sushma , Cusick Caroline , Flowers Katelyn , Neumann Anna , Cerrato Felecia , Farhat Maha , Slater Damien , Harris Jason B. , Branda John A. , Hooper David , Gaeta Jessie M. , Baggett Travis P. , O’Connell James , Gnirke Andreas , Lieberman Tami D. , Philippakis Anthony , Burns Meagan , Brown Catherine M. , Luban Jeremy , Ryan Edward T. , Turbett Sarah E. , LaRocque Regina C. , Hanage William P. , Gallagher Glen R. , Madoff Lawrence C. , Smole Sandra , Pierce Virginia M. , Rosenberg Eric , Sabeti Pardis C. , Park Daniel J. , MacInnis Bronwyn L. 
Published: December 2020

Phylogenetics of superspreadingOne important characteristic of coronavirus epidemiology is the occurrence of superspreading events. These are marked by a disproportionate number of cases originating from often-times asymptomatic individuals. Using a rich sequence dataset from the early stages of the Boston outbreak, Lemieuxet al.identified superspreading events in specific settings and analyzed them phylogenetically (see the Perspective by Alizon). Using ancestral trait inference, the authors identified several importation events, further investigated the context and contribution of particular superspreading events to the establishment of local and wider SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and used viral phylogenies to describe sustained transmission.Science, this issue p.eabe3261; see also p.574
Quantifying the competing influences of lithology and throw rate on bedrock river incision
Authors: Kent E. , Whittaker A.C. , Boulton S.J. , Alçiçek M.C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRiver incision in upland areas is controlled by prevailing climatic and tectonic regimes, which are increasingly well described, and the nature of the bedrock lithology, which is still poorly constrained. Here, we calculated downstream variations in stream power and bedrock strength for six rivers crossing a normal fault in western Turkey, to derive new constraints on bedrock erodibility as function of rock type. These rivers were selected because they exhibit knick zones representing a transient response to an increase in throw rate, driven by fault linkage. Field measures of rock mass strength showed that the metamorphic units (gneisses and schists) in the catchments are ∼2 times harder than the sedimentary lithologies. Stream power increases downstream in all rivers, reaching a maxima upstream of the fault within the metamorphic bedrock but declining markedly where softer sedimentary rocks are encountered. We demonstrate a positive correlation between throw rate and stream power in the metamorphic rocks, characteristic of rivers obeying a detachment-limited model of erosion. We estimated bedrock erodibility in the metamorphic rocks as kb = 2.2–6.3 × 10−14 m s2 kg−1; in contrast, bedrock erodibility values were 5–30 times larger in the sedimentary units, with kb = 1.2–15 × 10−13 m s2 kg−1. However, in the sedimentary units, stream power does not scale predictably with fault throw rate, and we evaluated the extent to which the friable nature of the outcropping clastic bedrock alters the long-term erosional dynamics of the rivers. This study places new constraints on bedrock erodibilities upstream of active faults and demonstrates that the strength and characteristics of underlying bedrock exert a fundamental influence on river behavior.
A novel authigenic magnetite source for sedimentary magnetization
Authors: Lin Zhiyong , Sun Xiaoming , Roberts Andrew P. , Strauss Harald , Lu Yang , Yang Xin , Gong Junli , Li Guanhua , Brunner Benjamin , Peckmann Jörn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report a novel authigenic nanoscale magnetite source in marine methane seep sediments. The magnetite occurs in large concentrations in multiple horizons in a 230 m sediment core with gas hydrate–bearing intervals. In contrast to typical biogenic magnetite produced by magnetotactic bacteria and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, most particles have sizes of 200–800 nm and many are aligned in distinctive structures that resemble microbial precipitates. The magnetite is interpreted to be a byproduct of microbial iron reduction within methanic sediments with rapidly changing redox conditions. Iron sulfides that accumulated at a shallow sulfate-methane transition zone were oxidized after methane seepage intensity decreased. The alteration process produced secondary iron (oxyhydr)oxides that then became a reactive iron source for magnetite authigenesis when methane seepage increased again. This interpretation is consistent with 13C depletion in coexisting carbonate nodules. The authigenic magnetite will record younger paleomagnetic signals than surrounding sediments, which is important for paleomagnetic interpretations in seep systems. The microbial and possibly abiotic processes that caused these magnetic minerals to form at moderate burial depths remain to be determined.
Assessing the impact of sedimentation on fault spacing at the Andaman Sea spreading center
Authors: de Sagazan Clément , Olive Jean-Arthur 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe stabilizing effect of surface processes on strain localization, albeit predicted by several decades of geodynamic modeling, remains difficult to document in real tectonic settings. Here we assess whether intense sedimentation can explain the longevity of the normal faults bounding the Andaman Sea spreading center (ASSC). The structure of the ASSC is analogous to a slow-spreading mid-ocean ridge (MOR), with symmetric, evenly spaced axis-facing faults. The average spacing of faults with throws ≥100 m (8.8 km) is however large compared to unsedimented MORs of commensurate spreading rate, suggesting that sedimentation helps focus tectonic strain onto a smaller number of longer-lived faults. We test this idea by simulating a MOR with a specified fraction of magmatic plate separation (M), subjected to a sedimentation rate (s) ranging from 0 to 1 mm/yr. We find that for a given M ≥ 0.7, increasing s increases fault lifespan by ∼50%, and the effect plateaus for s &gt; 0.5 mm/yr. Sedimentation prolongs slip on active faults by leveling seafloor relief and raising the threshold for breaking new faults. The effect is more pronounced for faults with a slower throw rate, which is favored by a greater M. These results suggest that sedimentation-enhanced fault lifespan is a viable explanation for the large spacing of ASSC faults if magmatic input is sufficiently robust. By contrast, longer-lived faults that form under low M are not strongly influenced by sedimentation.
Digital health for real-time monitoring of a national immunisation campaign in Indonesia: a large-scale effectiveness evaluation
Authors: Jusril Hafizah , Ariawan Iwan , Damayanti Rita , Lazuardi Lutfan , Musa Miriam , Wulandari Suci Melati , Pronyk Paul , Mechael Patricia 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the contribution of a digital health real-time monitoring platform towards the achievement of coverage targets during a national immunisation campaign in Indonesia.InterventionsA digital health platform was introduced to facilitate real-time reporting and data visualisation. Health workers submitted reports of children immunised each day by geolocation using mobile phones. Automated reports were generated for programme managers at all levels to enable early responses to coverage gaps.MethodsRisk profiles were generated for each district to assess precampaign immunisation programme performance. Digital health platform use and progress towards targets were monitored continuously throughout the campaign. Study outcomes were total coverage and time to achieve full (100%) coverage. Kaplan-Meier, Cox and linear regression analyses were used to estimate the associations and outcomes after adjusting for district risk profiles. A complementary qualitative assessment explored user experiences and acceptance through interviews with vaccinators and programme managers in provinces and districts selected through multistage random sampling.ResultsBetween August and December 2018, 6462 health facilities registered to use the digital health platform across 28 provinces and 395 districts. After adjusting for precampaign district risk profile and intracampaign delays due to vaccine hesitancy, districts with greater platform utilisation demonstrated higher coverage overall (R2=0.28, p<0.0001) and a shorter interval to achieving full coverage (>75% reporting compliance; Risk Ratio 15.4, 95% CI 5.8 to 40.6). Stronger effects were observed among districts experiencing implementation delays due to vaccine hesitancy. Results from 106 key informant interviews conducted in 6 provinces and 18 districts suggest high degrees of acceptability, ease of use and satisfaction.ConclusionA digital health platform introduced for real-time monitoring of a national immunisation campaign in Indonesia was feasible, well liked and associated with improved problem solving and programme performance, particularly among districts affected by vaccine hesitancy.Trial registration numberISRCTN10850448.