bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise radiometric age establishes Yarrabubba, Western Australia, as Earth’s oldest recognised meteorite impact structure
Authors: Erickson Timmons M. , Kirkland Christopher L. , Timms Nicholas E. , Cavosie Aaron J. , Davison Thomas M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe ~70 km-diameter Yarrabubba impact structure in Western Australia is regarded as among Earth’s oldest, but has hitherto lacked precise age constraints. Here we present U–Pb ages for impact-driven shock-recrystallised accessory minerals. Shock-recrystallised monazite yields a precise impact age of 2229 ± 5 Ma, coeval with shock-reset zircon. This result establishes Yarrabubba as the oldest recognised meteorite impact structure on Earth, extending the terrestrial cratering record back >200 million years. The age of Yarrabubba coincides, within uncertainty, with temporal constraint for the youngest Palaeoproterozoic glacial deposits, the Rietfontein diamictite in South Africa. Numerical impact simulations indicate that a 70 km-diameter crater into a continental glacier could release between 8.7 × 1013 to 5.0 × 1015 kg of H2O vapour instantaneously into the atmosphere. These results provide new estimates of impact-produced H2O vapour abundances for models investigating termination of the Paleoproterozoic glaciations, and highlight the possible role of impact cratering in modifying Earth’s climate.
Cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity in axillary lymph nodes drives metastases in breast cancer through complementary mechanisms
Authors: Pelon Floriane , Bourachot Brigitte , Kieffer Yann , Magagna Ilaria , Mermet-Meillon Fanny , Bonnet Isabelle , Costa Ana , Givel Anne-Marie , Attieh Youmna , Barbazan Jorge , Bonneau Claire , Fuhrmann Laetitia , Descroix Stéphanie , Vignjevic Danijela , Silberzan Pascal , Parrini Maria Carla , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Mechta-Grigoriou Fatima 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough fibroblast heterogeneity is recognized in primary tumors, both its characterization in and its impact on metastases remain unknown. Here, combining flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and RNA-sequencing on breast cancer samples, we identify four Cancer-Associated Fibroblast (CAF) subpopulations in metastatic lymph nodes (LN). Two myofibroblastic subsets, CAF-S1 and CAF-S4, accumulate in LN and correlate with cancer cell invasion. By developing functional assays on primary cultures, we demonstrate that these subsets promote metastasis through distinct functions. While CAF-S1 stimulate cancer cell migration and initiate an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through CXCL12 and TGFβ pathways, highly contractile CAF-S4 induce cancer cell invasion in 3-dimensions via NOTCH signaling. Patients with high levels of CAFs, particularly CAF-S4, in LN at diagnosis are prone to develop late distant metastases. Our findings suggest that CAF subset accumulation in LN is a prognostic marker, suggesting that CAF subsets could be examined in axillary LN at diagnosis.
Alloying design of biodegradable zinc as promising bone implants for load-bearing applications
Authors: Yang Hongtao , Jia Bo , Zhang Zechuan , Qu Xinhua , Li Guannan , Lin Wenjiao , Zhu Donghui , Dai Kerong , Zheng Yufeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMagnesium-based biodegradable metals (BMs) as bone implants have better mechanical properties than biodegradable polymers, yet their strength is roughly less than 350 MPa. In this work, binary Zn alloys with alloying elements Mg, Ca, Sr, Li, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Ag respectively, are screened systemically by in vitro and in vivo studies. Li exhibits the most effective strengthening role in Zn, followed by Mg. Alloying leads to accelerated degradation, but adequate mechanical integrity can be expected for Zn alloys when considering bone fracture healing. Adding elements Mg, Ca, Sr and Li into Zn can improve the cytocompatibility, osteogenesis, and osseointegration. Further optimization of the ternary Zn-Li alloy system results in Zn-0.8Li-0.4Mg alloy with the ultimate tensile strength 646.69 ± 12.79 MPa and Zn-0.8Li-0.8Mn alloy with elongation 103.27 ± 20%. In summary, biocompatible Zn-based BMs with strength close to pure Ti are promising candidates in orthopedics for load-bearing applications.
Non-invasive characterization of human bone marrow stimulation and reconstitution by cell-free messenger RNA sequencing
Authors: Ibarra Arkaitz , Zhuang Jiali , Zhao Yue , Salathia Neeraj S. , Huang Vera , Acosta Alexander D. , Aballi Jonathan , Toden Shusuke , Karns Amy P. , Purnajo Intan , Parks Julianna R. , Guo Lucy , Mason James , Sigal Darren , Nova Tina S. , Quake Stephen R. , Nerenberg Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCirculating cell-free mRNA (cf-mRNA) holds great promise as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker. However, cf-mRNA composition and its potential clinical applications remain largely unexplored. Here we show, using Next Generation Sequencing-based profiling, that cf-mRNA is enriched in transcripts derived from the bone marrow compared to circulating cells. Further, longitudinal studies involving bone marrow ablation followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia patients indicate that cf-mRNA levels reflect the transcriptional activity of bone marrow-resident hematopoietic lineages during bone marrow reconstitution. Mechanistically, stimulation of specific bone marrow cell populations in vivo using growth factor pharmacotherapy show that cf-mRNA reflects dynamic functional changes over time associated with cellular activity. Our results shed light on the biology of the circulating transcriptome and highlight the potential utility of cf-mRNA to non-invasively monitor bone marrow involved pathologies.
CMV-independent increase in CD27−CD28+ CD8+ EMRA T cells is inversely related to mortality in octogenarians
Authors: Martin-Ruiz Carmen , Hoffmann Jedrzej , Shmeleva Evgeniya , Zglinicki Thomas von , Richardson Gavin , Draganova Lilia , Redgrave Rachael , Collerton Joanna , Arthur Helen , Keavney Bernard , Spyridopoulos Ioakim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity in adults has been linked to increased cardiovascular disease burden. Phenotypically, CMV infection leads to an inflated CD8 T-lymphocyte compartment. We employed a 8-colour flow cytometric protocol to analyse circulating T cells in 597 octogenarians from the same birth cohort together with NT-proBNP measurements and followed all participants over 7 years. We found that, independent of CMV serostatus, a high number of CD27−CD28+ CD8 EMRA T-lymphocytes (TEMRA) protected from all-cause death after adjusting for known risk factors, such as heart failure, frailty or cancer (Hazard ratio 0.66 for highest vs lowest tertile; confidence interval 0.51–0.86). In addition, CD27−CD28+ CD8 EMRA T-lymphocytes protected from both, non-cardiovascular (hazard ratio 0.59) and cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 0.65). In aged mice treated with the senolytic navitoclax, in which we have previously shown a rejuvenated cardiac phenotype, CD8 effector memory cells are decreased, further indicating that alterations in T cell subpopulations are associated with cardiovascular ageing. Future studies are required to show whether targeting immunosenescence will lead to enhanced life- or healthspan.
Dissipation of oscillatory contact lines using resonant mode scanning
Authors: Xia Yi , Steen Paul H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMoving contact-lines (CLs) dissipate. Sessile droplets, mechanically driven into resonance by plane-normal forcing of the contacting substrate, can exhibit oscillatory CL motions with CL losses dominating bulk dissipation. Conventional practice measures CL dissipation based on the rate of mechanical work of the unbalanced Young’s force at the CL. Typical approaches require measurements local to the CL and assumptions about the “equilibrium” contact angle (CA). This paper demonstrates how to use scanning of forcing frequency to characterize CL dissipation without any dependence on measurements from the vicinity of the CL. The results are of immediate relevance to an International Space Station (ISS) experiment and of longer-term relevance to Earth-based wettability applications. Experiments reported here use various concentrations of a water-glycerol mixture on a low-hysteresis non-wetting substrate.
Superconducting circuit protected by two-Cooper-pair tunneling
Authors: Smith W. C. , Kou A. , Xiao X. , Vool U. , Devoret M. H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present a protected superconducting qubit based on an effective circuit element that only allows pairs of Cooper pairs to tunnel. These dynamics give rise to a nearly degenerate ground state manifold indexed by the parity of tunneled Cooper pairs. We show that, when the circuit element is shunted by a large capacitance, this manifold can be used as a logical qubit that we expect to be insensitive to multiple relaxation and dephasing mechanisms.
Mesoporous activated carbon shows superior adsorption affinity for 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in water
Authors: Khalid Arsalan , Rowles Lewis S. , Ateia Mohamed , Xiao Minhao , Ramirez-Sanchez Irwing , Bello Dhimiter , Karanfil Tanju , Saleh Navid B. , Apul Onur G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing cannabinoid use with the incipient favorable public discourse raises concerns about their environmental release and potential impacts. Concentration of common cannabinoids and their metabolites (e.g., THC and THC-COOH) are already detected in source waters and engineered water systems across the globe with a rising trajectory. This study examines the adsorption of THC and THC-COOH onto activated carbons in surface water-relevant concentrations and investigates the effect of carbon’s physicochemical properties. At higher equilibrium concentration (i.e., Ce > 300 µg/L), adsorption of cannabinoids correlates with the sorbent-specific surface area. On the contrary, at lower concentrations (i.e., Ce = 0.1–100 µg/L), cannabinoid adsorption was predominantly controlled by pore size of the carbon. More specifically, when the surface area was not limited (i.e., dilution conditions), cannabinoid molecules appeared to have preferably attached within the mesopores. The adsorption mechanism deciphered in the study will facilitate in selection of commercial activated carbon to remove cannabinoids in drinking water treatment systems. This work will also provide a baseline for further research on removal of other cannabinoids (e.g., CBD), other structurally relevant drugs, their metabolites, and reaction byproduct from engineered treatment systems.
Prenatal and birth predictors of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in three population-based birth cohorts in Brazil
Authors: Ding Ding , Mielke Gregore I. , Silva Inacio Crochemore M. , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Horta Bernardo L. , Brage Soren , Hallal Pedro C. , Ekelund Ulf 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhysical inactivity is a global pandemic with no signs of improvement. Prolonged sitting time is an emerging risk factor that exacerbates the health consequences of physical inactivity. Both behaviours are influenced by various individual and environmental factors but it remains unknown whether early-life exposures “program” these behaviours in later life. The current evidence is limited by a small number of studies which were primarily conducted in high-income countries, and a narrow range of early-life variables examined. Using data from three population-based Brazilian birth cohorts (analytical samples: n = 2740 for 1982 cohort, aged 30 years; n = 3592 for 1993 cohort, aged 18; n = 2603 for 2004 cohort, aged 6), we show that being female and higher family socioeconomic status at birth are strong and consistent predictors of lower physical activity and higher sedentary time from childhood to adulthood. Meanwhile, higher birth weight and lower birth order may also predict lower physical activity and higher sedentary time. Our findings are distinct from evidence from high-income countries, suggesting the importance of broader socioeconomic context in determining individual’s activity patterns through the life- course. Such evidence is essential for understanding the biological etiology and socioeconomic context of physical activity and sedentary behaviour at an early stage in life.
Study of narrow negative magnetoresistance effect in ultra-high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs 2DES under microwave photo-excitation
Authors: Samaraweera R. L. , Gunawardana B. , Nanayakkara T. R. , Munasinghe R. C. , Kriisa A. , Reichl C. , Wegscheider W. , Mani R. G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe microwave-induced change in the narrow negative magnetoresistance effect that appears around zero magnetic field in high mobility GaAs/AlGaAs 2DES (≈107 cm2/Vs) is experimentally examined as a function of incident microwave power at a fixed bath temperature. The experimental results indicate that the narrow negative magnetoresistance effect exhibits substantially increased broadening with increasing microwave intensity. These magnetoresistance data were subjected to lineshape fits to extract possible variation of characteristic lengths with microwave intensity; the results suggest that characteristic lengths decrease by up to 50% upon increasing microwave power up to about 8 mW. We also examine the change in effective electron temperature, Te, due to the photo-excitation in the absence of a magnetic field. Combining these results suggests a correlation between electron heating and the observed change in the fit extracted characteristic lengths.
Frontal-executive dysfunction affects dementia conversion in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Jung Young Hee , Park Seongbeom , Jang Hyemin , Cho Soo Hyun , Kim Seung Joo , Kim Jun Pyo , Kim Sung Tae , Na Duk L. , Seo Sang Won , Kim Hee Jin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmong mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, those with memory impairment (amnestic MCI, aMCI) are at a high risk of dementia. However, the precise cognitive domain, beside memory, that predicts dementia conversion is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the cognitive domain that predicts dementia conversion in a longitudinal aMCI cohort. We collected data of 482 aMCI patients who underwent neuropsychological tests and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and were followed for at least 1 year. The patients were categorized according to number (1–4) and type of impaired cognitive domains (memory, language, visuospatial, and frontal-executive function). We evaluated dementia conversion risk in each group when compared to single-domain aMCI after controlling for age, education, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Baseline cortical thickness of each group was compared to that of 410 cognitively normal controls (NCs) after controlling for age, intracranial volume, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Compared to single-domain aMCI, aMCI patients with frontal-executive dysfunction at baseline had a higher risk of dementia conversion than aMCI patients with visuospatial or language dysfunction. Compared to NCs, aMCI patients with frontal-executive dysfunction had overall cortical thinning including frontal areas. Our findings suggest that aMCI patients with frontal-executive dysfunction have poor prognosis and,thus, should be considered for intervention therapy with a higher priority among aMCI patients.
WS2: A New Window Layer Material for Solar Cell Application
Authors: Bin Rafiq Md. Khan Sobayel , Amin N. , Alharbi Hamad F. , Luqman Monis , Ayob Afida , Alharthi Yahya S. , Alharthi Nabeel H. , Bais Badariah , Akhtaruzzaman Md. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRadio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was used to deposit tungsten disulfide (WS2) thin films on top of soda lime glass substrates. The deposition power of RF magnetron sputtering varied at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 W to investigate the impact on film characteristics and determine the optimized conditions for suitable application in thin-film solar cells. Morphological, structural, and opto-electronic properties of as-grown films were investigated and analyzed for different deposition powers. All the WS2 films exhibited granular morphology and consisted of a rhombohedral phase with a strong preferential orientation toward the (101) crystal plane. Polycrystalline ultra-thin WS2 films with bandgap of 2.2 eV, carrier concentration of 1.01 × 1019 cm−3, and resistivity of 0.135 Ω-cm were successfully achieved at RF deposition power of 200 W. The optimized WS2 thin film was successfully incorporated as a window layer for the first time in CdTe/WS2 solar cell. Initial investigations revealed that the newly incorporated WS2 window layer in CdTe solar cell demonstrated photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 1.2% with Voc of 379 mV, Jsc of 11.5 mA/cm2, and FF of 27.1%. This study paves the way for WS2 thin film as a potential window layer to be used in thin-film solar cells.
Genetic variants in IL17A and serum levels of IL-17A are associated with COPD related to tobacco smoking and biomass burning
Authors: Ponce-Gallegos Marco A. , Pérez-Rubio Gloria , Ambrocio-Ortiz Enrique , Partida-Zavala Neftali , Hernández-Zenteno Rafael , Flores-Trujillo Fernando , García-Gómez Leonor , Hernández-Pérez Andrea , Ramírez-Venegas Alejandra , Falfán-Valencia Ramcés 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIL-17A is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate the role played by single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL17A and protein levels in susceptibility to COPD, 1,807 subjects were included in a case-control study; 436 had COPD related to tobacco smoking (COPD-S) and 190 had COPD related to biomass burning (COPD-BB). Six hundred fifty-seven smokers without COPD (SWOC) and 183 biomass burning-exposed subjects (BBES) served as the respective control groups. The CC genotype and C allele of rs8193036 were associated with COPD (COPD-S vs. SWOC: p < 0.05; OR = 3.01, and OR = 1.28, respectively), as well as a recessive model (p < 0.01; OR = 2.91). Significant differences in serum levels were identified between COPD-S vs. SWOC, COPD-S vs. COPD-BB, and SWOC vs. BBES (p < 0.01). By comparing genotypes in the COPD-BB group TT vs. CC and TC vs. CC (p < 0.05), we found lower levels for the CC genotype. Logistic regression analysis by co-variables was performed, keeping the associations between COPD-S vs. SWOC with both polymorphisms evaluated (p < 0.05), as well as in COPD-BB vs. BBES but with a reduced risk of exacerbation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, polymorphisms in IL17A are associated with COPD. Serum levels of IL-17A were higher in smokers with and without COPD.
Moderate-severe postoperative pain in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Sun Kai , Liu Daiyun , Chen Jie , Yu Shui , Bai Yongyu , Chen Congcong , Yao Yu , Yu Lina , Yan Min 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModerate-severe pain after surgical procedures is associated with decreased quality of life and increased costs. This study aimed to identify the incidence and predictive factors of moderate-severe postoperative pain within 48 hours following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in a tertiary hospital. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using medical records of adult patients who underwent VATS between January 2015 and December 2016. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictive factors for moderate-severe pain (visual analogue scale, VAS ≥ 4) within 24 hours and within 48 hours postoperatively. Of the 1164 participants, the incidence of moderate-severe pain was 12.7% within the first 24 hours and 15.6% within the first 48 hours after surgery. In multivariable analysis, the independent risk factors related to moderate-severe pain within 24 hours after surgery were younger age, increased body mass index, preoperative pain within 1 month and history of smoking. The risk factors for moderate-severe acute pain within 48 hours were almost the same, except that the number of chest tubes were also included. Moderate-severe postoperative pain following VATS is not rare, and presence of several risk factors deserves more aggressive pain management strategies perioperatively.
Factors associated with habitual time spent in different physical activity intensities using multiday accelerometry
Authors: Jaeschke Lina , Steinbrecher Astrid , Boeing Heiner , Gastell Sylvia , Ahrens Wolfgang , Berger Klaus , Brenner Hermann , Ebert Nina , Fischer Beate , Greiser Karin Halina , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Kaaks Rudolf , Keil Thomas , Kemmling Yvonne , Kluttig Alexander , Krist Lilian , Leitzmann Michael , Lieb Wolfgang , Linseisen Jakob , Löffler Markus , Michels Karin B. , Obi Nadia , Peters Annette , Schipf Sabine , Schmidt Börge , Zinkhan Melanie , Pischon Tobias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo investigate factors associated with time in physical activity intensities, we assessed physical activity of 249 men and women (mean age 51.3 years) by 7-day 24h-accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+). Triaxial vector magnitude counts/minute were extracted to determine time in inactivity, in low-intensity, moderate, and vigorous-to-very-vigorous activity. Cross-sectional associations with sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking, alcohol consumption, education, employment, income, marital status, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia were investigated in multivariable regression analyses. Higher age was associated with more time in low-intensity (mean difference, 7.3 min/d per 5 years; 95% confidence interval 2.0,12.7) and less time in vigorous-to-very-vigorous activity (−0.8 min/d; −1.4, −0.2), while higher BMI was related to less time in low-intensity activity (−3.7 min/d; −6.3, −1.2). Current versus never smoking was associated with more time in low-intensity (29.2 min/d; 7.5, 50.9) and less time in vigorous-to-very-vigorous activity (−3.9 min/d; −6.3, −1.5). Finally, having versus not having a university entrance qualification and being not versus full time employed were associated with more inactivity time (35.9 min/d; 13.0, 58.8, and 66.2 min/d; 34.7, 97.7, respectively) and less time in low-intensity activity (−31.7 min/d; −49.9, −13.4, and −50.7; −76.6, −24.8, respectively). The assessed factors show distinct associations with activity intensities, providing targets for public health measures aiming to increase activity.
YqfB protein from Escherichia coli: an atypical amidohydrolase active towards N4-acylcytosine derivatives
Authors: Stanislauskienė Rūta , Laurynėnas Audrius , Rutkienė Rasa , Aučynaitė Agota , Tauraitė Daiva , Meškienė Rita , Urbelienė Nina , Kaupinis Algirdas , Valius Mindaugas , Kaliniene Laura , Meškys Rolandas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman activating signal cointegrator homology (ASCH) domain-containing proteins are widespread and diverse but, at present, the vast majority of those proteins have no function assigned to them. This study demonstrates that the 103-amino acidEscherichia coliprotein YqfB, previously identified as hypothetical, is a unique ASCH domain-containing amidohydrolase responsible for the catabolism ofN4-acetylcytidine (ac4C). YqfB has several interesting and unique features: i) it is the smallest monomeric amidohydrolase described to date, ii) it is active towards structurally differentN4-acylated cytosines/cytidines, and iii) it has a high specificity for these substrates (kcat/Kmup to 2.8 × 106 M−1 s−1). Moreover, our results suggest that YqfB contains a unique Thr-Lys-Glu catalytic triad, and Arg acting as an oxyanion hole. The mutant lacking theyqfBgene retains the ability to grow, albeit poorly, onN4-acetylcytosine as a source of uracil, suggesting that an alternative route for the utilization of this compound exists inE. coli. Overall, YqfB ability to hydrolyse variousN4-acylated cytosines and cytidines not only sheds light on the long-standing mystery of how ac4C is catabolized in bacteria, but also expands our knowledge of the structural diversity within the active sites of amidohydrolases.