bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Mapping With the Deep Brain Stimulation Lead: A Novel Targeting Tool in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Milosevic Luka , Scherer Maximilian , Cebi Idil , Guggenberger Robert , Machetanz Kathrin , Naros Georgios , Weiss Daniel , Gharabaghi Alireza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐frequency oscillations (13–30 Hz) are a subthalamic hallmark in patients with Parkinson's disease, and there is increased interest in their utility as an intraoperative marker.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to assess whether beta activity measured directly from macrocontacts of deep brain stimulation leads could be used (a) as an intraoperative electrophysiological approach for guiding lead placements and (b) for physiologically informed stimulation delivery.MethodsEvery millimeter along the surgical trajectory, local field‐potential data were collected from each macrocontact, and power spectral densities were calculated and visualized (n = 39 patients). This was done for online intraoperative functional mapping and post hoc statistical analyses using 2 methods: generating distributions of spectral activity along surgical trajectories and direct delineation (presence versus lack) of beta peaks. In a subset of patients, this approach was corroborated by microelectrode recordings. Furthermore, the match rate between beta peaks at the final target position and the clinically determined best stimulation site were assessed.ResultsSubthalamic recording sites were delineated by both methods of reconstructing functional topographies of spectral activity along surgical trajectories at the group level (P < 0.0001). Beta peaks were detected when any portion of the 1.5 mm macrocontact was within the microelectrode‐defined subthalamic border. The highest beta peak at the final implantation site corresponded to the site of active stimulation in 73.3% of hemispheres (P < 0.0001). In 93.3% of hemispheres, active stimulation corresponded to the first‐highest or second‐highest beta peak.ConclusionsOnline measures of beta activity with the deep brain stimulation macroelectrode can be used to inform surgical lead placement and contribute to optimization of stimulation programming procedures. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Encrypted polynomial control based on tailored two‐party computation
Authors: Schulze Darup Moritz 
Published: May 2020

SummaryEncrypted control enables confidential controller evaluations in cloud‐based or networked control systems. Roughly speaking, an encrypted controller is a modified control algorithms that is capable of computing encrypted control actions based on encrypted system states. Encrypted control has been realized using different tools from cryptography such as homomorphic encryption, secret sharing, and multiparty computation. However, the vast majority of existing encrypted controllers is linear or makes intensive use of encrypted linear operations. In this article, we present a novel and flexible method for the encrypted implementation of arbitrary polynomial controllers. Technically, our approach builds on tailored two‐party computation combined with secret sharing and additively homomorphic encryption.
Mussel‐Inspired Surface Acrylation on Graphene Oxide Using Acrylic Surface Primers and Its Hydrogel‐Based Applications: Sustained Drug Release and Tissue Scaffolds
Authors: Park Kyu Ha , Jung Jaewon , Yim Sang‐Gu , Kang Mi Ju , Kwon Gibum , Hwang Dae Youn , Yang Seung Yun , Seo Sungbaek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComposite hydrogels integrated with graphene oxide were prepared to enable the sustained release of loads for graphene‐based aromatic drug delivery and enhanced cell adhesion for tissue scaffolds. The surface of graphene oxide was readily transformed by the adsorption of acrylic surface primer (SP) without chemical reactions. The surface modification was verified by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction spectra. The acrylated graphene oxide (SP‐GO) was photocrosslinked with acrylate groups of poly(ethylene glycol) to generate a composite hydrogel (SP‐GO hydrogel). Based on the molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol), the hydrogels showed a swelling ratio range of ∼5–20, respectively. The SP‐GO did not change noticeably mechanical properties and inner structures of the hydrogels. Aromatic doxorubicin (DOX) was entrapped in the hydrogels with good yield and demonstrates the potential for a drug delivery carrier. The released DOX from the hydrogel containing SP‐GO (70.56% of entrapped DOX) exhibited a sustained release profile with reduced release after five days in a wet environment compared to the released DOX from a hydrogel without SP‐GO (92.29% of entrapped DOX). DOX is supposed to be attracted to graphene oxide and is physically entrapped inside the hydrogels. Moreover, bone MG‐63 cells entrapped in the SP‐GO hydrogel showed increased TGF‐β and fibronectin expression levels. This implies that SP‐GO contributes to enhancing cell growth and adhesion by providing cell‐laid structural support.
The Moral Status of the Embryo: The Second Japanese Path
Authors: Akabayashi Akira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, I illustrate another Japanese strategy for dealing with bioethical issues, in addition to the fusion/transformation strategy that was discussed earlier in the brain-death debate. In order to introduce to the concept of ambiguity in Japan, I refer to the Nobel Lecture by Kenzaburo Oe, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1994.Following this, in order to explain another Japanese strategy in more detail, I refer to the governmental committee discussion in Japan regarding the moral status of the human embryo following the birth of Dolly, the first cloned sheep, in 1996. This second Japanese strategy was abstracted from the in-depth content analysis of the meeting minutes of the Bioethics Committee of the Council for Science and Technology. In addition to the fusion/transformation strategy discussed around the brain-death debate, the readers will come to understand Japan’s “vagueness/ambiguity” strategy which has many advantages but also has significant shortcomings. This strategy is similar to that in which issues are not perceived as black or white and are instead resolved in an indirect way. After all, a human embryo is neither a thing nor a person, but a “sprout of human life.” The discussion on the moral status of the human embryo in Japan is, as I explain below, heavily influenced by philosophies of the West.Lastly, I touch on the discussion of abortion in Japan.
Objektive und subjektive Bewertung eines strukturierten Vorgehens zur Beurteilung von Computertomographien der Nasennebenhöhlen
Authors: Hildenbrand T. , Krahe A. , Ketterer M. C. , Offergeld C. 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Voraussetzung zur Vermeidung potenziell schwerwiegender Komplikationen in der Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie ist eine fundierte Kenntnis der individuellen Anatomie. Für die Nasennebenhöhlen stellt die Computertomographie (CT) die Bildgebung der Wahl dar, um die individuelle Anatomie und das Ausmaß der Erkrankung präoperativ darzustellen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Bewertung des Nutzens einer CT-Checkliste zur Identifikation wichtiger anatomischer Normvarianten in der CT der Nasennebenhöhlen.

Material und Methoden
Jung- und Altassistent*innen der HNO-Klinik wurden gebeten, CTs der Nasennebenhöhlen vor und nach der Einführung der CLOSE-Kriterien auf anatomische Normvarianten zu untersuchen. Der Prozentsatz der korrekt identifizierten Normvarianten wurde berechnet. Zusätzlich wurde der subjektive Nutzen anhand eines Fragebogens beurteilt.

Ergebnisse
Sechs Jung- und 6 Altassistent*innen wurden in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Rate der korrekt identifizierten Normvarianten verbesserte sich nach der Einführung der CLOSE-Kriterien signifikant von 23,1 auf 50,9 % bzw. von 24 auf 39,8 %. Die subjektive Beurteilung der CLOSE-Checkliste war sehr positiv.

Schlussfolgerung
Ein strukturiertes Vorgehen zur Analyse von CTs der Nasennebenhöhlen kann die Identifikation kritischer anatomischer Strukturen verbessern und wird von Weiterbildungsassistenten als sehr hilfreich bewertet.
Non-equilibrium theories of rarefied gases: internal variables and extended thermodynamics
Authors: Kovács Róbert , Madjarević Damir , Simić Srboljub , Ván Péter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLimits of classical constitutive laws such as Fourier and Navier–Stokes equations are discovered since decades. However, the proper extensions—generalizations of these—are not unique. They differ in the underlying physical principles and in modeling capabilities. In this paper, two different theories are discussed and compared to each other, namely the kinetic theory-based rational extended thermodynamics (RET) and non-equilibrium thermodynamics with internal variables (NET-IV). First, the paper starts with the case of rigid heat conductors summarizing the result achieved so far. Then, a typical example of compressible bodies is shown by presenting the first generalization for rarefied gases, called Meixner’s theory. It is further extended using generalized entropy current in the framework of NET-IV. It is shown how its structure is related to RET and how the compatibility between them can be acquired.
Minimally Invasive Versus Open Pancreatectomies for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Propensity‐Score‐Matched Study
Authors: Tan Hwee‐Leong , Teo Roxanne Y. A. , Syn Nicholas L. , Teo Jin‐Yao , Lee Ser‐Yee , Cheow Peng‐Chung , Chow Pierce K. H. , Chung Alexander Y. F. , Ooi London L. P. J. , Chan Chung‐Yip , Goh Brian K. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are increasingly prevalent with modern imaging, and surgical excision remains mainstay of treatment. This study aims to perform a propensity‐score‐matched (PSM) comparison of perioperative and oncologic outcomes following minimally invasive pancreatectomy (MIP) versus open pancreatectomy (OP) for PNEN.MethodsA retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent curative‐intent surgery for PNEN at Singapore General Hospital from 1997 to 2018. A 1:1 PSM was performed between MIP and OP, after which both groups were balanced for baseline variables.ResultsWe studied 134 patients who underwent surgery (36 MIP and 98 OP) for PNEN. Propensity‐score‐matched comparison between 35 MIP and 35 OP patients revealed that the MIP group had a longer operating time (MD = 75.0, 95% CI 15.2 to 134.8, P = 0.015), lower intraoperative blood loss (MD = − 400.0, 95% CI − 630.5 to − 169.5, P = 0.001), shorter median postoperative stay (MD = − 1.0, 95% CI − 1.9 to − 0.1, P = 0.029) and shorter median time to diet (MD = − 1.0, 95% CI − 1.9 to − 0.1, P = 0.039). There were no differences between both groups for short‐term adverse outcomes and oncologic clearance. Overall survival (HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.28 to 2.51, P = 0.761) and disease‐free survival (HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.64, P = 0.296) were comparable.ConclusionMIP is a safe and feasible approach for PNEN and is associated with a lower intraoperative blood loss, decreased postoperative stay and time to oral intake, at the expense of a longer operative time compared to OP.
Cloacal Gram-Negative Microbiota in Free-Living Grass Snake Natrix natrix from Poland
Authors: Pawlak Aleksandra , Morka Katarzyna , Bury Stanisław , Antoniewicz Zuzanna , Wzorek Anna , Cieniuch Gabriela , Korzeniowska-Kowal Agnieszka , Cichoń Mariusz , Bugla-Płoskońska Gabriela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReptiles appear to be an important vector for Gram-negative pathogens, therefore, they are epidemiologically relevant. However, the composition of reptilian microbiota has been poorly recognized so far. The majority of studies concern exotic reptiles as asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella serovars. Studies of other intestinal bacteria of reptiles are rare. Only recently, the microbiota of free-living European reptiles have been investigated, however, on the basis of small samples, mainly in protected areas. Here, we aim to investigate cloacal Gram-negative microbiota of free-living Natrix natrix. Snakes (N = 45) used in the study were collected in Kraków (Poland) and its vicinity. Nineteen species of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. The most common species were: Aeromonas hydrophila, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp. The bacteria prevalent in N. natrix cloacal swabs are likely to represent the natural intestinal Gram-negative microbiota of the examined snakes. Importantly, the identified bacteria are pathogenic to humans, which clearly highlights the epidemiological potential of free-living N. natrix. The risk of infection is high for immunocompromised humans, children (under 5 years old), elderly persons, and pregnant women. Our study provides the largest dataset on intestinal Gram-negative microbiota of wild snakes. The presence of multiple human pathogens determined by us calls for the necessity of further studies on reptile-transmitted bacteria in anthropogenic environments.
Does site elevation determine the start and intensity of human impact? Pollen evidence from southern Germany
Authors: Rösch Manfred , Stojakowits Philipp , Friedmann Arne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigated lake sediments from Großer Ursee, Landkreis Ravensburg, Allgäu, Baden-Württemberg, to explore whether human activity was delayed and less intense at higher sites compared to those in the adjacent lower area around Bodensee (Lake Constance). A 11.1 m high resolution pollen profile from the centre of the lake was analysed, which covers the late Würm and complete Holocene sequence, providing a continuous pollen record of 1,092 samples. Human and climate induced vegetation and landscape change is discussed. The history of human impact indicated in this profile at around 700 m in the western Allgäu, with a precipitation above 1,000 mm/year and with a less favourable climate is compared with human impact in adjacent lower landscapes, with a more favourable climate for agriculture such as the Bodensee region. Since the Neolithic period, differences in vegetation development between the regions were mainly caused by a varying intensity of human impact which itself was strongly influenced by climatic differences. In the lowlands with a warm and dry climate, human impact started earlier and was stronger than in less favourable areas. Finally, the regular occurrence of Trapa natans at Großer Ursee, much more frequent there than in the adjacent warmer landscape to the west, is discussed in terms of various ecological factors.
Die Kopplung elektrotechnischer und strukturdynamischer Domänen zu einem NVH-Systemmodell eines elektrischen Antriebsstrangs
Authors: Jaeger Markus , Drichel Pascal , Schröder Michael , Berroth Joerg , Jacobs Georg , Hameyer Kay 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Arbeit wird am Beispiel eines Antriebsstrangs eines Serien-Elektrofahrzeugs eine Methode vorgestellt, welche das elektrotechnische mit dem strukturdynamischen Teilsystem rückwirkungsbehaftet recheneffizient verbindet. Das transiente, nichtlineare Systemmodell berücksichtigt auf elektrotechnischer Seite Regelung, Leistungselektronik und das Verhalten der elektrischen Maschine unter dem Einfluss von Fertigungsabweichungen und strukturdynamischen Rückwirkungen wie dynamischer Exzentrizität, Torsion und Biegung des Rotors. Auf strukturdynamischer Seite ist der vollständige Antriebsstrang inklusive. Wellensystem, Getriebe und Gehäuse in einer elastischen Mehrkörpersimulation zur Berechnung transienter Vorgänge im Zeitbereich abgebildet. Die Methode erlaubt die Berechnung des nichtlinearen, akustischen Systemverhaltens und wird anhand von Prüfstandsmessungen validiert. Die Möglichkeiten, durch Variantenrechnungen die Sensitivitäten des NVH-Verhaltens zu untersuchen oder Komponenten im Auslegungsprozess auf Systemebene zu optimieren, werden aufgezeigt.
Enabling Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Spectral-Element Simulations of Turbulence Around Wing Sections
Authors: Tanarro Álvaro , Mallor Fermín , Offermans Nicolas , Peplinski Adam , Vinuesa Ricardo , Schlatter Philipp 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe implementation of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) in the spectral-element method code Nek5000 is used for the first time on the well-resolved large-eddy simulation of the turbulent flow over wings. In particular, the flow over a NACA4412 profile with a $$5^\circ$$

5
∘

angle of attack at chord-based Reynolds number $${\text {Re}}_c=200{,}000$$

Re
c

=
200
,
000

is analyzed in the present work and compared with a previous conformal simulation used as baseline. The mesh, starting from a coarse resolution, is progressively and automatically refined by means of AMR, which allows for high resolution near the wall and wake whereas significantly larger elements are used in the far-field. The resulting mesh, which remains unchanged in the production runs (i.e. AMR is used to create the final mesh, which is then fixed), is of higher resolution than those in previous conformal cases, and it allows for the use of larger computational domains, avoiding the use of precursor RANS simulations to determine the boundary conditions. This is achieved with, approximately, 2 times lower total number of grid points if the same spanwise length is used. Turbulence statistics obtained in the AMR simulation show good agreement with the ones obtained with the conformal mesh, and the pressure-coefficient distribution along the wing surface matches pressure-scan experimental data obtained in the MTL wind tunnel at KTH. The use of AMR is therefore expected to enable the simulation of high-Reynolds numbers turbulent flows over complex geometries (such as wings), thus allowing the study of pressure-gradient effects at high Reynolds numbers relevant for practical applications.
Leveraging public harvest to reduce invasive hybridization in Yellowstone National Park: field identification and harvest of cutthroat × rainbow trout hybrids
Authors: Heim Kurt C. , McMahon Thomas E. , Ertel Brian D. , Koel Todd M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLeveraging public harvest can be a cost-effective invasive species management tool, but target taxa must be correctly identified and removed at rates that achieve biological objectives. We explored the potential role of recreational anglers to curtail expanding hybridization between invasive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; RT) and native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. clarkii bouvieri; YCT) in the Lamar River watershed in Yellowstone National Park. We sought to (1) develop a hybrid identification key that could be used by anglers and (2) estimate angler participation, catch, and potential exploitation rates. We assessed seven morphological features of trout in the field (n = 251, 15 locations) and collected fin clips to estimate RT ancestry proportion using genetic analysis. An identification key was built using recursive partitioning to objectively distinguish YCT from RT and hybrids. A single-choice dichotomous key (white pelvic fin tip present/absent) correctly classified 93% of fish as native (YCT) or containing RT ancestry (RT or hybrid). Success increased to 97% when a second criterion was added (head spot count ≥ 6). Using angler surveys (2013–2017), we estimated that 10,000 anglers catch 50,000 trout annually. In a popular road-accessible area, most trout are probably caught and released ~ 5 times each year. The combination of high angler participation, substantial annual catch, and an accurate and easy to use identification method indicate that leveraging public harvest is a promising management tool. Invasive hybridization is a global conservation issue threatening many native taxa; this case study highlights some factors for resource managers to consider prior to implementing public harvest regulations and the benefits of standardized keys to distinguish hybrids in the field.
Grain yield and stability of tropical maize hybrids developed from elite cultivars in contrasting environments under a rainforest agro-ecology
Authors: Eze C. E. , Akinwale R. O. , Michel S. , Bürstmayr H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the maize producing regions of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), compounding effects of genotype-by-environment interaction have necessitated breeding maize for outstanding performance and stability across varying environments. This study was conducted to assess the performance and stability of late-maturing cultivars and their respective hybrids evaluated under contrasting environments in the tropical rainforest region. We evaluated 108 genotypes in field trials under three different growing conditions in 2018 involving 14 open-pollinated parents and their hybrids derived from a diallel mating design. The genotypes were evaluated under field conditions using 9 × 12 alpha lattice design with three replications in six environments. The genotypes were divided into three groups, containing either the parents, hybrids or checks, for estimating the stability variance and grain yield. The difference between the lowest and highest yielding environment was 3.9 t ha−1, while the repeatability of the grain yield trials ranged from 39 to 80%. The average grain yield of the hybrids (2.33 t ha−1) was significantly higher than that of the parents (2.19 t ha−1) and the check varieties (2.03 t ha−1). The hybrids were more stable than both the parents and the checks. They also showed a higher stability against a common group of the parents and checks. The results of this study suggest that high yielding and stable population hybrids can be utilized in breeding programmes aiming to provide improved varieties for the large number of rural maize farmers in the SSA zone, who often lack access or the capacity to purchase commercial hybrids.
A Learning Analytics Approach to Address Heterogeneity in the Classroom: The Teachers’ Diagnostic Support System
Authors: Kärner Tobias , Warwas Julia , Schumann Stephan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAddressing heterogeneity in the classroom by adapting instruction to learners’ needs challenges teachers in their daily work. To provide adaptive instruction in the most flexible way, teachers face the problem of assessing students’ individual characteristics (learning prerequisites and learning needs) and situational states (learning experiences and learning progress) along with the characteristics of the learning environment. To support teachers in gathering and processing such multidimensional diagnostic information in class, we have developed a client–server based software prototype running on mobile devices: the Teachers’ Diagnostic Support System. Following the generic educational design research process, we (1) delineate theoretical implications for system requirements drawn from a literature review, (2) describe the systems’ design and technical development and (3) report the results of a usability study. We broaden our theoretical understanding of heterogeneity within school classes and establish a basis for technological interventions to improve diagnostic accuracy in adaptive instructional strategies.