bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermal Fat Grafting to Reconstruct the Parotidectomy Defect Normalizes Facial Attention
Authors: Anderies Barrett J. , Dey Jacob K. , Gruszczynski Nelson R. , Price Daniel L. , Moore Eric J. , Janus Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisUse validated eye‐tracking technology to objectively measure 1) the attentional distraction of facial contour defects after superficial and total parotidectomy and 2) changes in attentional distraction with abdominal dermal fat graft reconstruction.MethodsStandardized frontal and oblique facial images of 16 patients who had undergone superficial or total parotidectomy with or without fat graft reconstruction; four normal controls were obtained. One hundred casual observers were recruited to view these images, and gaze data were collected using a Tobii Pro eye‐tracking system. Gaze durations for predefined facial areas of interest were analyzed using mixed‐effects linear regression to test study hypotheses.ResultsFor frontal images, total parotidectomy increased gaze to the operated parotid area compared to the contralateral nonoperated parotid area (92 milliseconds, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 48‐138 milliseconds, P < .001). Fat grafting normalized the attentional distraction, with no difference in gaze time on the operated parotid region compared to normal control faces (P = .414). For oblique images, total parotidectomy increased gaze to the operated parotid area compared to the contralateral nonoperated parotid area (658 milliseconds, 95% CI: 463‐854 milliseconds, P < .001). Fat grafting normalized this attentional distraction, with no difference in gaze time on the operated parotid region compared to normal control faces (P = .504). In both views, superficial parotidectomy demonstrated no significant attentional distractions, with or without fat grafting.ConclusionsThis eye‐tracking study objectively demonstrates that total parotidectomy results in a facial contour deformity that is distracting to observers, whereas superficial parotidectomy does not. For total parotidectomy, this attentional distraction can be normalized with dermal fat graft reconstruction.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 131:E124–E131, 2021
Fractional Cauchy problem with memory effects
Authors: Abadias Luciano , Alvarez Edgardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe give an original representation integral formula for the resolvent families associated to the fractional Cauchy equation with memory effects
where and A is a sectorial operator on a Banach space X. Moreover, we get spatial bounds for the resolvent families in order to study global or blow up mild solutions when the nonlinearity f satisfies a locally Lipschitz condition. The case of critical nonlinearities is also treated.
Therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides for movement disorders
Authors: Doxakis Epaminondas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMovement disorders are a group of neurological conditions characterized by abnormalities of movement and posture. They are broadly divided into akinetic and hyperkinetic syndromes. Until now, no effective symptomatic or disease‐modifying therapies have been available. However, since many of these disorders are monogenic or have some well‐defined genetic component, they represent strong candidates for antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies. ASO therapies are based on the use of short synthetic single‐stranded ASOs that bind to disease‐related target RNAs via Watson–Crick base‐pairing and pleiotropically modulate their function. With information arising from the RNA sequence alone, it is possible to design ASOs that not only alter the expression levels but also the splicing defects of any protein, far exceeding the intervention repertoire of traditional small molecule approaches. Following the regulatory approval of ASO therapies for spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy in 2016, there has been tremendous momentum in testing such therapies for other neurological disorders. This review article initially focuses on the chemical modifications aimed at improving ASO effectiveness, the mechanisms by which ASOs can interfere with RNA function, delivery systems and pharmacokinetics, and the common set of toxicities associated with their application. It, then, describes the pathophysiology and the latest information on preclinical and clinical trials utilizing ASOs for the treatment of Parkinson′s disease, Huntington′s disease, and ataxias 1, 2, 3, and 7. It concludes with issues that require special attention to realize the full potential of ASO‐based therapies.
When does attrition lead to biased estimates of alcohol consumption? Bias analysis for loss to follow‐up in 30 longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Keyes Katherine M. , Jager Justin , Platt Jonathan , Rutherford Caroline , Patrick Megan E. , Kloska Deborah D. , Schulenberg John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesSurvey nonresponse has increased across decades, making the amount of attrition a focus in generating inferences from longitudinal data. Use of inverse probability weights [IPWs] and other statistical approaches are common, but residual bias remains a threat. Quantitative bias analysis for nonrandom attrition as an adjunct to IPW may yield more robust inference.MethodsData were drawn from the Monitoring the Future panel studies [twelfth grade, base‐year: 1976–2005; age 29/30 follow‐up: 1987–2017, N = 73,298]. We then applied IPW imputation in increasing percentages, assuming varying risk differences [RDs] among nonresponders. Measurements included past‐two‐week binge drinking at base‐year and every follow‐up. Demographic and other correlates of binge drinking contributed to IPW estimation.ResultsAttrition increased: 31.14%, base‐year 1976; 61.33%, base‐year 2005. The magnitude of bias depended not on attrition rate but on prevalence of binge drinking and RD among nonrespondents. The probable range of binge drinking among nonresponders was 12–45%. In every scenario, base‐year and follow‐up binge drinking were associated. The likely range of true RDs was 0.14 [95% CI: 0.11–0.17] to 0.28 [95% CI: 0.25–0.31].ConclusionsWhen attrition is present, the amount of attrition alone is insufficient to understand contribution to effect estimates. We recommend including bias analysis in longitudinal analyses.
An analytical model for temperature and crystalline evolution analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites during cooling
Authors: Fang Haidong , Gu Junfeng , Li Zheng , Ruan Shilun , Shen Changyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn analytical model for analyzing the temperature and crystalline evolution of short carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites during cooling was established, and the model was firstly verified by calculating the crystallization kinetics of a short carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene (SCFRPP) plate during isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization. Then the model was extended to calculate the temperature and crystalline evolution of two numerical examples of SCFRPP parts during cooling with different temperature boundaries, and the effects of cooling rate and short carbon fiber (SCF) content were analyzed and compared. According to the results, SCF increases the onset crystallization temperature and accelerates the crystallization rate due to the formation of transcrystal. During the cooling stage, SCF changes the evolution of crystalline and temperature complicatedly, and the changes are more significant under lower cooling rate.
Development of a method to screen and isolate lipoxidase inhibitors from Radix Saposhnikoviae via ultrafiltration liquid chromatography combined with metablism in vitro
Authors: Huang Yu , Yu Min , Wu Tong , Hou Wanchao , Liu Chunming , Li Sainan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionRadix Saposhnikoviae is an excellent source of chromones, the consumption of which has been shown to positively affect human health, such as anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vivo, and it also has been used to treat headache, inflammation, and cancer as a herbal medicine or functional soup.ObjectiveIsolation and screening of lipoxidase (LOX) inhibitors from Radix Saposhnikoviae. As a result, the metabolism of the active ingredients in cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in vitro was identified.MethodsScreen and identify the LOX inhibitors from Radix Saposhnikoviae by ultrafiltration‐liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (UF‐LC–MS). Then take the isolation and purification of the inhibitors by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) and semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the active ingredients were used to study the metabolism in vitro in CYP450.ResultsSubsequently, the specific binding ligands, prim‐O‐glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, and 5‐O‐methylvisamminol (with purities of 95.28, 92.33%, and 97.89, respectively) were separated by HSCCC. Semi‐preparative HPLC was applied to separate the four major compounds in Radix Saposhnikoviae and identify them as prim‐O‐glucosylcimifugin, 5‐O‐methylvisamminol, sec‐O‐glucosylhamaudol, and hamaudol, which were obtained with relatively high purity. Furthermore, the three chromone possible metabolism pathways were obtained.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that UF‐LC–MS combined with HSCCC and semi‐preparative HPLC is not only a powerful tool for screening and isolating LOX inhibitors in complex samples, but also a useful platform for discovering bioactive compounds for anti‐inflammatory activity. This study provides information regarding the active ingredients of chromones in Radix Saposhnikoviae and a framework for anti‐inflammatory activity treatment.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 56)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Dunlop Ewan D. , Hohl‐Ebinger Jochen , Yoshita Masahiro , Kopidakis Nikos , Hao Xiaojing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2020 are reviewed.
Trend of depression and its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors among multiple myeloma hospitalizations: A Portuguese nationwide study from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Ribeiro‐Carvalho Francisco , Gonçalves‐Pinho Manuel , Bergantim Rui , Freitas Alberto , Fernandes Lia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivePatients hospitalized with multiple myeloma (MM) are particularly vulnerable to depression. The present study aims to determine the frequency of depression among MM hospitalized patients, in order to assess the possible differences between those with and without depression in relation to sociodemographic and clinical variables and to measure the impact of depression on hospitalization outcomes.MethodsAn observational retrospective study was performed using an administrative data set of all hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of MM between 2000 and 2015 in Portuguese mainland public hospitals. Codes related to depressive disorders were grouped to generate the dichotomous variable of depression (yes/no). A multivariate analysis was conducted and adjusted odd ratios (aOR) calculated between different variables and depression.ResultsOf a total of 14.575 MM hospitalizations studied, a concurrent code of depression was registered in 666 patients (4.6%). A greater odds of depression was observed in female patients (aOR = 2.26; 95%CI = 1.91‐2.66), transplanted patients (aOR = 1.78; 95%CI = 1.44‐2.20), patients with plasma cell leukemia (aOR = 1.79; 95%CI = 1.22‐2.64) and patients with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (aOR = 1.10; 95%CI = 1.05‐1.15). Length of stay was longer in patients with a registered diagnosis of depression (aOR = 1.01; 95%CI = 1.01‐1.02) while the odds of in‐hospital mortality were lower in these patients (aOR = 0.53; 95%CI = 0.41‐0.68).ConclusionsThese results may help identify MM inpatients at higher risk of presenting depression (female gender, younger age, high CCI, plasma cell leukemia, transplant procedure). This will enable timely psychological assessment and treatment to prevent worse outcomes and higher healthcare costs associated with depression.
A central role for apathy in the effectiveness of interventions for cancer‐related fatigue
Authors: Lacourt Tamara E. , Heijnen Cobi J. , Manzullo Ellen F. , Escalante Carmen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveCancer‐related fatigue (CRF) affects a substantial number of cancer patients and survivors. Recommendations for CRF treatments are largely based on results of randomized controlled trials. The interpretability of such results is limited to patients eligible and willing to participate in these trials. We aimed to address this limitation in a retrospective study of patients seen at a CRF clinic in a comprehensive cancer center. The objectives were to (a) determine the effectiveness of clinician‐initiated interventions for CRF and identify their mediators and (b) describe the frequency and effectiveness of patient‐initiated physical activity (PA) behavior for alleviating CRF and identify determinants of this PA.MethodsData (patient‐reported somatic and mood symptoms; clinical data; clinician‐documented changes in medication and behavior) from n = 213 patients collected as part of the clinic's standard of care at initial clinical consult and follow‐up 4 to 11 weeks later were included. Effects of clinician‐initiated interventions and patient‐initiated PA on change in fatigue were analyzed using linear models.ResultsOf all clinician‐initiated interventions, only psychostimulant start was recorded frequent enough for further investigation and was associated with reduced fatigue; this association was mediated by a reduction in apathy. PA was also associated with reduced fatigue severity. PA initiation/increase after consult was associated with lower apathy at consult.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate a major role for patient apathy in the effectiveness and initiation of CRF‐targeting interventions. Behavioral therapies focusing on reduction in apathy should be considered as initial treatment of CRF in those with substantial apathy.
Adding nebulized corticosteroids to systemic corticosteroids for acute asthma in children: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Pincheira Mauricio A. , Escobar‐Serna Diana P. , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInternational guidelines have recommended the use of inhaled beta‐2 agonists and systemic corticosteroids (SCs) as the first‐line treatment for acute asthma.ObjectiveTo evaluate the evidence for the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in addition to SCs compared to SCs alone in children with acute asthma in the emergency department (ED) or during hospitalization.Data SourcesFive electronic databases were searched.Study SelectionAll randomized clinical trials that compared ICS (via nebulizer or metered dose inhaler) plus SC (oral or parenteral) with placebo (or standard care) plus SC were included without language restriction.Data ExtractionTwo reviewers independently reviewed all the studies. The primary outcomes were hospital admission and hospital length of stay (LOS), and secondary outcomes were readmissions during follow‐up, ED‐LOS, lung function, asthma clinical score, oxygen saturation, and heart and respiratory rates.ResultsNine studies (n = 1473) met the inclusion criteria. In all the studies, the ICS was budesonide. Compared to SC alone, adding budesonide to SC did not affect hospitalization rate, but decreased hospital LOS by more than 1 day (MD = −29.08 hours [−39.9 to −18.3]; I2 = 0%, P = < .00001). Moreover, adding budesonide significantly improved the acute asthma severity score among patients at ED.ConclusionsCompared to SC alone, adding budesonide to SC does not affect the hospitalization rate, but decreases the LOS and improves the acute asthma score in children in an ED setting.
Prostate cancer‐specific mortality burden by risk group among men with localized disease: Implications for research and clinical trial priorities
Authors: Dee Edward Christopher , Nezolosky Michelle D. , Chipidza Fallon E. , Arega Melaku A. , Butler Santino S. , Sha Sybil T. , Mahal Brandon A. , Nguyen Paul L. , Yang David D. , Muralidhar Vinayak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate contemporary population‐based patterns of the relative burden of prostate cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) attributable to each N0M0 prostate cancer risk‐group, that may guide prioritization in research, trial design, and clinical practice.MethodsWe categorized 2004‐2015 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database patients by risk group (low, favorable intermediate, unfavorable intermediate, high, and very highrisk). Using the Fine‐Gray method, we calculated the relative burden of 10‐year PCSM attributable to each risk group.ResultsAmong N = 337 162 men (6.8‐year median follow‐up; median age 65 years), the relative proportion of low‐, favorable intermediate‐, unfavorable intermediate‐, high‐, and very high‐risk diagnoses were 29.9% (N = 100 969), 31.1% (N = 104 696), 17.9% (N = 60 360), 18.1% (N = 61 023), and 3.0% (N = 10 114). Within 10 years of diagnosis, among patients who died of prostate cancer (N = 15 064), 5.0% (N = 746) had low‐risk, 13.7% (N = 2060) had favorable intermediate‐risk, 16.1% (N = 2429) had unfavorable intermediate‐risk, 47.8% (N = 7196) had high‐risk, and 17.5% (N = 2633) had very high‐risk disease at diagnosis. Patients aged 65 and older accounted for 51.9% of all diagnoses and 72.3% of 10‐year PCSM. Although black patients accounted for 15.0% of low‐risk diagnoses, they accounted for 20.6% of 10‐year PCSM. White patients accounted for 80.3% of low‐risk diagnoses and 75.7% of 10‐year PCSM.ConclusionAlthough high‐risk and very high‐risk disease account for one‐fifth of diagnoses, they account for two‐thirds of 10‐year PCSM. Older patients and black patients with low‐risk disease accounted for a disproportionately large proportion of deaths. These findings support targeting research toward high‐risk disease and ensuring adequate representation of older and black men in clinical trials.
Theoretical calculation of positron annihilation spectrum using positron‐electron correlation‐polarization potential
Authors: Sugiura Yutaro , Takayanagi Toshiyuki , Tachikawa Masanori 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe positron‐electron correlation‐polarization potential model is used to calculate annihilation spectra of carbon disulfide and benzene. We assume that the positron is captured in the vibrationally excited states of the target molecule through vibrational Feshbach resonances. Using the standard normal mode representation, we calculated the resonance energies and widths for each vibrational mode. The resonance widths were calculated with Fermi's Golden Rule approximation, where the time‐dependent wave packet approach has been applied. We found that vibrational resonances of infrared‐active modes play a dominant role in resonant annihilation; however, infrared‐inactive modes also contribute to the annihilation spectrum through polarizability changes along normal mode coordinates.
Sequential thermal dissolution of two low‐rank coals and characterization of their structures by high‐performance liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Cao Xiao‐Hui , Fan Xing , Xia Jun‐Liu , Mo Wen‐Long , Nulahong Aisha , Zhao Yun‐Peng , Zhao Wei , Ma Feng‐Yun , Wei Xian‐Yong 
Published: July 2020

RationaleGas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/TOF‐MS) were used to separate and reveal the molecular characteristics of organic matter in low‐rank coals.MethodsSix soluble portions (SPs) were obtained by sequential thermal dissolution (TD) of two low‐rank coals in the order of cyclohexane, acetone and methanol solvents at 300°C. Organic matter with different molecular characteristics were enriched in eachTD extract, which was further separated and analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC/TOF‐MS using an electrospray ionization source in positive mode to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the structural composition of coals.ResultsLow polarity compounds like alkanes and arenes have a better solubility in cyclohexane. Phorone has the highest relative abundance in the acetone SPs, and the main compounds detected in the methanol SPs are alcohols and phenols. According to the data from HPLC/TOF‐MS, most of the oxygen atoms are in the form of carbonyl and alkoxy groups. The nitrogen‐containing compounds in SPs are mainly saturated aliphatic amines and pyridines. The sulfur‐containing compounds mainly exist in the form of thioalkanes and thiophenes.ConclusionsNon‐destructive methods were used to obtain soluble matter from coals, and different chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques were used to separate and analyze the organic matter in coals. Detailed molecular structural information was obtained for the efficient and clean utilization of low‐rank coals.
Practical stability analysis of sampled‐data switched systems with quantization and delay
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Wang Xinjing , Xia Yuanqing , Yang Hongjiu 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article is addressed with the problem of stabilizing a switched linear system using the sampled and quantized state feedback under the influence of time‐varying delay. The switching is supposed to be slow enough in the sense of dwell time, and each individual mode is assumed to be stabilizable. By expanding the approach of attractor set from an earlier result on the delay‐free case, we establish the relationship between the state and the adjacent sampling state by introducing a monotonically increasing sequence, and analyze the mismatch time with classification. On the basis of this, the increment rate of the Lyapunov function and the total mismatch time are combined to achieve the practical stability with an attractor set.
Multi‐Step Phase Transitions of Mn3O4 During Galvanostatic Lithiation: An In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopic Investigation
Authors: Xu Guoguang , Zhang Xinyi , Liu Meinan , Li Hongfei , Zhao Meizhen , Li Qingwen , Zhang Jinping , Zhang Yuegang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor study of electrochemical reaction mechanisms at nanoscale, in situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy (EC‐TEM) exceeds many other methods due to its high temporal and spatial resolution. However, the limited amount of active materials used in previous in situ TEM studies prevents the model EC cells to operate in the constant‐current (galvanostatic) charge/discharge mode that is required for accurate control of electrochemical processes. Herein, a new in situ EC‐TEM technique is developed to investigate multi‐step phase transitions of Mn3O4 electrodes under the galvanostatic charge/discharge mode and constant‐voltage discharge mode. In galvanostatic mode, the lithiation of Mn3O4 undergoes multi‐step phase transitions following a reaction pathway of Mn3O4 + Li+ → LiMn3O4 + Li+ → MnO + Li2O → Mn + Li2O. It is also found that lithium ions prefer to enter Mn3O4 along the {101} direction to form LiMn3O4 with the help of transitional boundary phase of LixMn3O4. These results are in sharp contrast to that obtained under a constant‐voltage discharge mode, where only a single‐step lithiation process of Mn3O4 + Li+ → Mn + Li2O is observed.