bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for hospital-acquired influenza A and patient characteristics: A matched case-control study
Authors: Yang Kui , Zhang Ni , Gao Chunchen , Qin Hongyan , Wang Anhui , Song Liqiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Hospital-acquired influenza A brings hospitalized patients an additional cost of care and considerable mortality, but risk factors for hospital-acquired influenza A are unknown. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients vulnerable for hospital-acquired influenza A and to identify its risk factors. This knowledge would help clinicians to control hospital-acquired infection and reduce the burden of treatment.Methods: A case-control study was conducted in hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years in a tertiary level teaching hospital during the 2018–2019 influenza A season. Patient data were retrieved from hospital-based electronic medical records. Hospital-acquired influenza A was defined as a case of influenza A diagnosed 7 days or more after admission, in a patient who had no evidence of viral respiratory infection on admission. The controls without influenza were selected among patients exposed to the same setting during the same time period. We identified risk factors using conditional logistic regression and described characteristics of patients with hospital-acquired influenza A by comparing the clinical data of the influenza patients and the controls.Results: Of 412 hospitalized patients with influenza A from all departments of the study hospital, 93 (22.6%) cases were classified as hospital-acquired. The most common comorbidities of the 93 cases were hypertension (41.9%), coronary heart disease (21.5%) and cerebrovascular disease (20.4%). Before the onset of hospital-acquired influenza A, patients presented more lymphocytopenia (51.6% vs 35.5%, P=0.027), hypoalbuminemia (78.5% vs 57.0%, P=0.002) and pleural effusion (26.9% vs 9.7%, P=0.002) than matched controls. Notably, infected patients had a longer hospital stay (18 days vs 14 days, P=0.002), and higher mortality (10.8% vs 2.2%, P=0.017). Lymphocytopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–7.80; P =0.016), hypoalbuminemia (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.10–4.57; P =0.027) and pleural effusion (OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.26–7.58; P =0.014) were independently associated with hospital-acquired influenza A.Conclusions: Lymphocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and pleural effusion were independent risk factors that could help identify patients at high risk of hospital-acquired influenza A, which might extend hospital stay and is associated with a high mortality.
Changes in health-related quality of life before and after a 12-month enhanced primary care model among chronically ill primary care patients in Australia.
Authors: John James , Tannous W Kathy , Jones Amanda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose

Evidence suggests that Patient-centred Medical Home (PCMH) model facilitates person-centred care and improves health-related quality of life for patients with chronic illness. This study aims to evaluate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), before and after enrolment into a 12-month integrated care program called ‘WellNet’.

Methods

This study includes 616 eligible consented patients aged 40 years and above with one or more chronic conditions from six general practices across Sydney, Australia. The WellNet program included a team of general practitioners (GPs) and clinical coordinators (CCs) providing patient-tailored care plans configured to individual risk and complexity. HRQoL was recorded using the validated EuroQol EQ-5D-5L instrument at baseline and 12 months. Additionally, patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis also reported HRQoL using short versions of Knee and/or Hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome scores (KOOSjr and HOOSjr). A case-series study design with repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess changes in mean differences of EQ-5D index scores after controlling for baseline covariates. Additionally, backward stepwise multivariable linear regression models were conducted to determine significant predictors of EQ-5D index scores at follow-up.

Results

Out of 616 patients, 417 (68%) reported EQ-5D scores at follow-up. Almost half (48%) of the WellNet patients reported improved EQ-5D index scores at follow-up. After controlling for baseline covariates, the adjusted mean difference was statistically significant whilst also meeting the bare minimal clinically important difference (MCID) with a change of 0.03 (95% CI 0.01, 0.05). The multivariable regression models determined that baseline EQ-5D scores and positive diagnosis of a respiratory illness were significant predictors of HRQoL at follow-up. There were significant improvements across both KOOS and HOOS assessments, specifically, the pain and symptom scores in both scales met statistical significance in addition to meeting the MCID.

Conclusion

Patient-tailored CDM plans designed by team of GPs and CDM clinical coordinators could lead to better HRQoL among primary care patients.
Death Cafes for Prevention of Burnout in Intensive Care Unit Employees: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (STOPTHEBURN)
Authors: Bateman Marjorie E. , Hammer Rachel , Byrne Abigail , Ravindran Nithya , Chiurco Jennifer , Lasky Sasha , Denson Rebecca , Brown Margo , Myers Leann , Zu Yuanhao , Denson Joshua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Burnout is an occupational syndrome that leads to mental health problems, job turnover, and patient safety events. Those caring for critically ill patients are especially susceptible due to high patient mortality, long hours, and regular encounters with trauma and ethical issues. Interventions to prevent burnout in this population are needed. Preliminary studies suggest debriefing sessions may reduce burnout. This study aims to assess whether participation in regular debriefing can prevent burnout in intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians.Methods: A randomized controlled trial will be conducted in two large academic medical centers. 200 ICU clinicians will be recruited with target enrollment of 100 physicians and 100 non-physicians (nurses, pharmacists, therapists). Participants must have worked in the ICU for the equivalent of at least 1 full time work week in the preceding 4 weeks. Enrolled subjects will be randomized to virtually attend biweekly debriefing sessions facilitated by a psychotherapist for 3 months or to a control arm without sessions. Our debriefs are modelled after Death Cafés, which are informal discussions focusing on death, dying, loss, grief and illness. These sessions allow for reflection on distressing events and offer community and collaboration among hospital employees outside of work. The primary outcome is clinician burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Score. Secondary outcomes include depression and anxiety, as measured by the patient health questionnaire 8 (PHQ-8) and generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), respectively. Questionnaires will be administered prior to the intervention, at 1 month, at 3 months, and at 6 months after enrollment. These values will be compared between groups temporally. Qualitative feedback will also be collected and analyzed. This trial was registered prospectively with clinicaltrials.gov on April 15, 2020 (NCT04347811).Discussion: With ICU clinician burnout rates exceeding 50%, Death Café debriefing sessions may prove to be an effective tool to avert this debilitating syndrome. With COVID-19 limiting social interactions and overloading ICUs worldwide, the virtual administration of the Death Café for ICU clinicians provides an innovative strategy to potentially mitigate burnout in this vulnerable population.
Analysis of low-dose estrogen on callus BMD as measured by pQCT in postmenopausal women
Authors: Jäckle Katharina Blanka Dr. , Kolb Jan Philipp , Schilling Arndt F , Schlickewei Carsten , Amling Michael , Rueger Johannes M , Lehmann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis affects elderly patients of both sexes. It is characterized by an increased fracture risk due to defective remodeling of the bone microarchitecture. It affects in particular postmenopausal women due to their decreased levels of estrogen. Preclinical studies with animals demonstrated that loss of estrogen had a negative effect on bone healing and that increasing the estrogen level led to a better bone healing. We asked whether increasing the estrogen level in menopausal patients has a beneficial effect on bone mineral density (BMD) during callus formation after a bone fracture.
Methods: To investigate whether estrogen has a beneficial effect on callus BMD of postmenopausal patients, we performed a prospective double-blinded randomized study with 76 patients suffering from distal radius fractures. A total of 31 patients (71.13 years ± 11.99) were treated with estrogen and 45 patients (75.62 years ± 10.47) served as untreated controls. Calculated bone density as well as cortical bone density were determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) prior to and six weeks after the surgery. Comparative measurements were performed at the fractured site and at the corresponding position of the non-fractured arm.
Results: We found that unlike with preclinical models, bone fracture healing of human patients was not improved in response to estrogen treatment. Furthermore, we observed no dependence between age-dependent bone tissue loss and constant callus formation in the patients .
Conclusions: Transdermally applied estrogen to postmenopausal women, which results in estrogen levels similar to the systemic level of premenopausal women, has no significant beneficial effect on callus BMD as measured by pQCT, as recently shown in preclinical animal models.
Seismic Hazard Microzonation of Bengkulu City, Indonesia
Authors: Mase Lindung Zalbuin , Sugianto Nanang , Refrizon Refrizon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It has been known that Bengkulu City (Indonesia) is vulnerable to undergo seismic damage. This study is initiated by measuring horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (H/V) to sites in Bengkulu City using microtremor. The inversion analysis is performed to generate shear wave velocity profile. A total of 218 sites is investigated in this study. The results show that observed H/V is consistent with the theoretical H/V. National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) code is adopted to classify the site class. The results also exhibit that Bengkulu City is dominated by Site Classes C and D. In general, this study could lead local government to reconsider seismic hazard mitigation for spatial plan.
RNA sequencing identifies transcriptional changes in the rabbit larynx in response to low humidity challenge
Authors: Bailey Taylor W , Santos Andrea , de Nascimento Naila Cannes , Sivasankar M. Preeti , Cox Abigail 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Voice disorders are a worldwide problem impacting human health, particularly for occupational voice users. Avoidance of surface dehydration is commonly prescribed as a protective factor against the development of dysphonia. The available literature inconclusively supports this practice and a biological mechanism for how surface dehydration of the laryngeal tissue affects voice has not been described. In this study, we used an in vivo male New Zealand white rabbit model to elucidate biological changes based on gene expression within the vocal folds from surface dehydration. Surface dehydration was induced by exposure to low humidity air (18.6% ± 4.3%) for 8 hours. Exposure to moderate humidity (43.0% ± 4.3%) served as the control condition. Ilumina-based RNA sequencing was performed and used for transcriptome analysis with validation by RT-qPCR.
Results
There were 103 genes identified through Cuffdiff with 64 genes meeting significance by both false discovery rate and fold change. Functional annotation enrichment and predicted protein interaction mapping showed enrichment of various loci, including cellular stress and inflammatory response, ciliary function, and keratinocyte development. Eight genes were selected for RT-qPCR validation. Matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) and macrophage cationic peptide 1 (MCP1) were significantly upregulated and an epithelial chloride channel protein (ECCP) was significantly downregulated after surface dehydration by RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR. Suprabasin (SPBN) and zinc activated cationic channel (ZACN) were marginally, but non-significantly down- and upregulated by RT-qPCR, respectively.
Conclusions
The data together support the notion that surface dehydration induces physiological changes in the vocal folds and justifies targeted analysis to further explore the underlying biology of compensatory fluid/ion flux and inflammatory mediators in response to airway surface dehydration.
The draft genome of the specialist flea beetle Altica viridicyanea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) provides insight into host plant specialization
Authors: Xue Huai-Jun , Niu Yi-Wei , Segraves Kari A. , Nie Rui-E , Hao Ya-Jing , Zhang Li-Li , Cheng Xin-Chao , Zhang Xue-Wen , Li Wen-Zhu , Chen Run-Sheng , Yang Xing-Ke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Altica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a highly diverse and taxonomically challenging flea beetle genus that has been used as a model system in which to address questions related to host plant specialization, reproductive isolation, and ecological speciation. To further evolutionary studies in this important group, here we present a high-quality draft genome of a representative specialist, Altica viridicyanea, the first Alticinae genome and the fourth chrysomelid genome reported thus far.
Results
The genome is 864.8 Mb and consists of 4,490 scaffolds with a N50 size of 557 kb, which covered 98.6% complete and 0.4% partial insect Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. Repetitive sequences accounted for 62.9% of the assembly, and a total of 17,730 protein-coding gene models and 2,462 non-coding RNA models were predicted. To provide insight into host plant specialization of this monophagous species, we examined the key gene families involved in chemosensation, detoxification of plant secondary chemistry, and plant cell wall-degradation.
Conclusions
The high-quality genome assembled in this work provides an important resource for further studies on host plant adaptation and functionally affiliated genes. Moreover, this work also opens the way for comparative genomics studies among closely related Altica species, which may provide insight into the molecular evolutionary processes that occur during ecological speciation.
Evaluation of Functional Status Among Patients Undergoing Maintenance Treatments for Opioid use Disorders
Authors: Ruíz Juan Jesús Ruíz , Delgado José María Martínez , García Nuria , Baena Bartolomé 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective﻿ Methadone and buprenorphine are the most prevalent types of opioid maintenance programs in Andalusia. The main objective is comparing the functional and health status of patients with pharmacological opioid maintenance treatments according to different socio-demographic characteristic, disabilities and sexual functioning difficulties. Methods A total of 593 patients from the Andalusia community, 329 were undergoing methadone treatment and 264 were undergoing buprenorphine treatment. The patients were interviewed by socio-demographic and opioid-related variables, assessed by functional disability and health variables ( WHODAS 2.0. ) and for sexual dysfunction ( PRSexDQ-SALSEX ). Results We found significant differences in the socio-demographic and the opioid-related variables as the onset of opioid use, being on previous maintenance programs, opioid intravenous use, the length of previous maintenance programs, polydrug use and elevated seroprevalence rates (HCV and HIV) between the methadone group and the buprenorphine group. There were differences in the Understanding and communication domain, Getting around domain, Participation in society domain and in the WHODAS 2.0. simple and complex score, favoring buprenorphine-treated patients. The methadone group had elevated sexual dysfunction than the buprenorphine group. Opioid-related variables as seroprevalence rates, other previous lifetime maintenance program, the daily opioid dosage and the daily alcohol use are the most discriminative variables between both groups. Participation in society variables and sexual problems were the most important clinical variables in distinguishing the methadone group from the buprenorphine group. Conclusions The methadone group showed higher prevalence in opioid dependence-related variables, elevated disabilities in participation in society activities and sexual problems compared with the buprenorphine group.
Sap Flow Dynamics and Responses to Grazing and Seasonal Changes in Soil Moisture for Acacia Ancistroclada and Comberatum Molle in a Kenyan Savanna
Authors: Ondier Joseph , Otieno Dennis , Okach Daniel , Onyango John 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Kenyan savanna, which is dominated by Acacia ancistroclada and Comberatum molle, has experienced notable changes in rainfall patterns and increased livestock grazing. A significant decrease in trees spread from 5 % to less than 1 % has been documented for the ecosystem and could be linked to the increased livestock grazing and changes in rainfall patterns, however, scientific evidence is lacking. We utilized sap flow to analyze the hydraulic responses of the prevailing trees to livestock grazing and seasonal changes in soil moisture. Environmental factors including precipitation, air temperature, soil moisture at - 0.3 m, and vapor pressure deficit were simultaneously measured. The results showed that the diurnal variation in sap flux density exhibited a single peak curve at around midday and correlated strongly with vapor pressure deficit and air temperature. Sap flux density was higher in the grazed (27.47 ± 8.65 g m-2s-1) than the fenced plots (20.17 ± 7.27 g m-2s-1). In all the plots, sap flux density followed seasonality in rainfall patterns, increasing and decreasing in wet and dry seasons respectively. The higher crown projected area was responsible for higher sap flow in the grazed plots. The diurnal variation in sap flux density showed that sap flow was coupled to the atmosphere with relatively low boundary layer resistance and the seasonal variation in sap flow was controlled by stomatal regulation. These findings point to the possibility that the dominant tree species in Lambwe are isohydric species. However, additional measurements need to be conducted on the eligibility of the species to confirm the conclusion.
The Effects of Workplace Smoke-free Policies on Individual Smoking and Quitting-related Behaviours in China: Evidence From Repeated Cross-sectional Survey Data
Authors: LIN Haoxiang , Chang Chun , LIU Zhao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective

Our study aims to determine the coverage of workplace Smoke-free (SF) policies in mainland China, and to assess the relationship between workplace SF policies and Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure, smoking prevalence, smoking harm awareness, and quitting intention among smokers.
Methods

The Logistic regression with year fixed effects is applied to the Asia Best Workplace Mainland China study, a repeated cross-sectional dataset including approximately 14,195 employees from the 2018 survey and 14,953 employees from the 2019 survey.
Results

21,275 participants (73.0%) reported working under SF policies. The overall prevalence of smoking and SHS exposure were 20.3% and 52.5%. The workplace SF policy was significantly associated with lower SHS exposure (OR: 0.501, 95% CI: 0.473–0.530), lower smoking prevalence (OR: 0.813, 95% CI: 0.761–0.869) and higher awareness of smoking harm (OR: 1.756, 95% CI: 1.612–1.913). However, workplace SF policy was not significantly associated with quitting intention (OR: 0.984, 95% CI: 0.837–1.158).
Conclusion

Our study identified that although most companies have established workplace SF policy,the overall prevalence of SHS exposure remains very high. The findings supports the existence of spill-over effects of SF workplace policies. Regarding to triggering strong quitting intentions, the SF policies should consider provided in combination with available smoking cessation services. These findings provide valuable evidence to promote such policies in all workplaces.
Performance Characteristics of the TaqMan Array PCR on Repository Stool Specimens and Smears on Whatman® FTA Elute Cards
Authors: Tisdale Michele , Mitra Indrani , McCoy Andrea J , Simons Mark P , Reynolds Nathanael D , Swierczewski Brett E , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric R , Fraser Jamie A , Riddle Mark S , Tribble David R , Lalani Tahaniyat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
Stool repositories are a valuable resource for retrospective analyses including quantitative PCR assays to distinguish between asymptomatic shedding and clinical disease. The suitability of archival specimens for this purpose is unclear and requires assessment. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate pathogen detection by TaqMan Array Card (TAC) in travelers’ diarrhea (TD) stool specimens stored for 1–13 years, as well as, the impact of transporting specimens on Whatman FTA Elute cards (FTA Cards) on detection.
Results
The positive percent agreement (PPA) for TAC on stool vs. microbiologic testing was lower than our a priori PPA estimate of 80% for most pathogens: Shigella spp. (100% [95%CI: 69–100%]), enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) (63 [49–75%]), Campylobacter spp. (66 [43–85%]) and Norovirus (37 [16–61%]). Use of the FTA card resulted in a further reduction of PPA. Our findings suggest that archival specimens may lead to insensitive detection on quantitative PCR assays due to degradation of nucleic acid with prolonged storage, although our limited sample size precluded us from evaluating the impact of storage duration on nucleic acid yield. Additional studies are needed to understand the impact of storage duration on quantitative PCR data.
The technique of 3D reconstruction combining with biochemistry to build an equivalent formula of indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test to assess the liver reserve function
Authors: Zheng JinLi , Xie Wei , Huang Yang , Zhu Yunfeng , Jiang Li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The indocyanine green(ICG) clearance test is the main method of evaluating the liver reserve function before hepatectomy. However, some patients may be allergic to ICG or the equipment of ICG clearance test was lack, leading to be difficult to evaluate liver reserve function. We aim to find an alternative tool to assist the clinicians to evaluate the liver reserve function for those who were allergic to the ICG or lack of equipment before hepatectomy.Methods: We retrospected 300 patients to investigate the risk factors affecting the liver reserve function and to build an equivalent formula to predict ICG 15 minutes retention rate (ICG-R15) value.Results: We found that the independent risk factors affecting ICG clearance test were total bilirubin, albumin, and spleen-to-non-neoplastic liver volume ratio (SNLR). The equivalent formula of the serological index combining with SNLR was: ICG-R15 = 0.36 × TB (umol/L)- 0.78 × ALB(g/L) + 7.783 × SNLR + 0.794 × PT (s) − 0.016 × PLT(/109) − 0.039 × ALT (IU/L) + 0.043 × AST (IU/L) + 23.846. The equivalent formula of serum index was: ICG-R152 = 24.6650.382 × TB (umol/L) − 0.799 × ALB(g/L) − 0.025 × PLT(/109) + 0.048 × AST(IU/L) − 0.045 × ALT(IU/L). And the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of predicting ICG-R15 ≥ 10% was 0.861 and 0.857, respectively.Conclusion: We found that SNLR was an independent risk factor affecting liver reserve function. Combining with SNLR to evaluate the liver reserve function was better than just basing on serology.