bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysplastic urothelial changes accompany empagliflozin administration in urinary bladder of experimental diabetes
Authors: Abdel‐Hamid Ahmed A. M. , Firgany Alaa El‐Din L. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryEmpagliflozin (EMPA) is a promising novel antidiabetic drug; however, doubts have been raised regarding its use and the increased risk of urinary bladder carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated urothelium expression of cytokeratins (CKs) and Ki‐67 proliferative activity in the urinary bladder of diabetic (DM + EMPA) and non‐diabetic rats after EMPA administration. By routine histology, dysplastic changes were detected in the urothelium of diabetic as well as non‐diabetic animals after EMPA administration. Moreover, the expression of CK‐7 and CK‐8 was significantly decreased (P < .05) while that of CK‐20 as well as Ki‐67 was significantly increased (P < .05) in EMPA per se and DM + EMPA urothelium groups compared to that of control and diabetics. The dysplastic changes together with the increased proliferative activity in urothelium after EMPA administration provide a cellular evidence that supports the former clinical concerns.
Economical and technical comparison of valve ceramics available in Turkish market
Authors: Palaci Yuksel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, ceramic valves, used in faucet cartridges, were studied, considering that the market size is nearly 12 million per year. Six different alumina ceramic valves from various companies in Turkey were analyzed through physical and mechanical tests such as measurement of density, and surface roughness and hardness. Their chemical compositions and microstructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the density values, surface roughness, and surface hardness were between 3.66 and 3.84 g/cm3, 0.13 and 0.22 µm (Ra), and 805 and 1217 HV, respectively. Among the six valves, while valve 4 had the highest, valve 6 had the lowest hardness and density. Moreover, a direct correlation between the estimated wholesale and retail prices was not observed. The valves designated as 5 and 6 had the lowest prices and the valve 2 had the highest price. They had the similar technical properties satisfying Turkish and European standards.
Effects of peptide–calcium complexes from sunflower seeds and peanuts on enhancing bone mineral density
Authors: Yuan Xingyu , Bao Xiaolan , Feng Guoxue , Zhang Meili , Ma Sarina 
Published: February 2020

SummaryHydrolysed proteins from sunflower seed and peanut were separated by ultrafiltration. Results showed that 1–3 kDa sunflower seed peptide (SSP4) and ≥10 kDa peanut peptide (PP1) fractions had the highest Ca‐binding capacity of 104.80 and 124.74 mg g−1, respectively. After Ca binding, scanning electron microscopy results showed that the loose sheet‐like structure of SSP4 and PP1 transformed into a granular structure. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that carboxyl and amide groups were involved in Ca binding. Growing male mice were assigned to eight groups: control, CaCO3 and six experimental groups (low, medium and high doses for each SSP4‐Ca and PP1‐Ca). Apparent Ca absorption rate, bone mineral density (BMD), bone surface microstructure and biomechanical index and serum biochemical index were evaluated. Animal experiment results indicated that SSP4‐Ca and PP1‐Ca can improve Ca bioavailability; effectively enhance BMD and structure; and promote Ca absorption. The peptide–Ca complexes were absorbed better than CaCO3 and promoted Ca accumulation in the bone. PP1‐Ca was better than SSP4‐Ca in promoting calcium absorption and enhancing BMD.
Evaluation of the HemoCue WBC DIFF in leukopenic patient samples
Authors: Kur Dår K. , Agersnap Niels , Holländer Niels Henrik , Pedersen Ole B. Vesterager , Friis‐Hansen Lennart 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhite blood cell (WBC) counts are used to monitor bone marrow function and to screen for infections. The HemoCue WBC DIFF Point‐Of‐Care (POC) instrument classifies WBCs through cell image recognition. To evaluate its suitability for monitoring cancer patients, we examined its performance in samples from patient with leukopenia and in samples containing nRBC.MethodsSysmex samples with WBCs 0.05‐3.40 × 109/L were examined on the HemoCue WBC DIFF, and the correlations between the instruments were assessed by Deming regression for total WBC, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. The theoretical CV% (CVt), calculated from number of cells counted by the HemoCue WBC DIFF, was used to determine the statistical error of the WBC counts. The interference of nRBC was also evaluated.ResultsThe counting variation was primarily the source of statistical error in the lower counts with an imprecision between 3.8–9.2% for total WBC (0.56–2.29 ×109/L), 8.7–14.3% for neutrophils (0.36–1.33 ×109/L) and 9.8–15.1% for lymphocytes (0.35–0.89 ×109/L). The correlation coefficient was between 0.658 and 0.986—poorest for lymphocytes. The total WBC count on the HemoCue WBC DIFF was significantly increased in nRBC samples due to lymphocyte count overestimation, and not by other WBCs.ConclusionsThe HemoCue WBC DIFF provided reliable and accurate counts of total WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte in leukopenic samples. Until POC instruments that can perform an accurate complete blood count are available, the HemoCue WBC DIFF can be used to assist physicians in making decisions in situations of postchemotherapy leukopenia and neutropenia.
Desmopressin acetate to prevent bleeding in percutaneous kidney biopsy: a systematic review
Authors: Lim Cynthia C. , Tan Hui Zhuan , Tan Chieh Suai , Healy Helen , Choo Jason , Franca Gois Pedro Henrique 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundKidney biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing kidney disease but may result in bleeding, especially in uraemia. DDAVP (1‐deamino‐8‐d‐arginine vasopressin) may reduce uraemic bleeding but guidelines on its use are lacking.AimTo evaluate whether DDAVP reduced bleeding complications after percutaneous kidney biopsies.MethodsWe searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, LILACS, WHO Trials Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov until May 2019 for randomised controlled trials (RCT), quasi‐RCT and prospective cohort studies that compared DDAVP with placebo or no intervention, prior to native or allograft kidney biopsy. The primary outcome was post‐biopsy bleeding. Secondary outcome was adverse events related to DDAVP.ResultsAbstracts of 270 identified papers were examined and 24 selected for evaluation. Two studies, one RCT and one prospective cohort that collectively evaluated 738 native kidney biopsies, met the inclusion criteria. One enrolled individuals with serum creatinine ≤1.5 mg/dL (132 μmol/L) and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 while the other evaluated biopsies with serum creatinine >150 μmol/L. DDAVP was administered as a single subcutaneous dose of 0.3 μg/kg in both studies. Data were not pooled for meta‐analysis due to clinical heterogeneity. GRADE quality of evidence from these two studies was low for DDAVP preventing any bleeding complication after native kidney biopsy. Low quality evidence suggested that adverse effects were not increased in DDAVP therapy. No prospective studies evaluated DDAVP in transplant kidney biopsies.ConclusionCurrently available prospective data are insufficient to support the routine use of DDAVP prior to percutaneous kidney biopsies hence high quality trials are required.
The changing nature of labour regulation: the distinctiveness of the National Agreement for the Engineering Construction Industry
Authors: Clarke Linda , Fitzgerald Ian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe article addresses the changing nature of labour regulation through analysis of the National Agreement for the Engineering Construction Industry, originating in 1981. It shows how multiple spatial regulatory scales, the changing coalitions of actors involved, employer and client engagement and labour agency have been critical to National Agreement for the Engineering Construction Industry's survival.
Combining climate, land use change and dispersal to predict the distribution of endangered species with limited vagility
Authors: Della Rocca Francesca , Milanesi Pietro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimMany rare species are dispersal‐limited; their colonization capacity can be impacted by land use and climate changes. Most ecological niche models predict the distribution of species under future climate and land use change scenarios without incorporating species‐specific dispersal abilities. Here we investigate the effect of climate and land use change on low vagile species accounting for their dispersal capacity and define accessible areas in the future.LocationEurope.TaxonSaproxylic beetles.MethodsWe used the current (2007–2012) occurrences of six endangered saproxylics to develop ecological niche models using current climate and land use conditions. We projected species distributions under four future climate and land use change scenarios to estimate their potential occurrences. Finally, accounting for species‐specific dispersal, we limited their distributions to accessible areas in 2040–2050.ResultsWithout accounting for dispersal abilities we found a strong and positive impact of climate change on the distribution of Cerambix cerdo, Cucujus cinnaberinus, Morimus funereus and Rosalia alpina and a positive effect of land use change on the distribution of Lucanus cervus and Osmoderma eremita. When species‐specific dispersal was included, we found a strong and positive impact of land use change on the distribution of all the species. In this case climate change had a lower but positive effect on the distribution of C. cerdo, C. cinnaberinus, L. cervus and R. alpina, and a negative effect on the distribution of O. eremita.Main conclusionWe found that climate change would promote the expansion of saproxylic beetles only in the unrealistic case of unlimited dispersal. Accounting for dispersal abilities, the expansion of our species would be mainly conditioned by the effect of land use change. Thus, we encourage researchers to combine climate and land use change with dispersal when projecting species distribution under future scenarios to accurately identify areas with fundamental species‐specific resources.
Prevalence of pressure ulcers in hospitalized adult patients in Bursa, Turkey: A multicentre, point prevalence study
Authors: Sayan Halil Erkan , Girgin Nermin Kelebek , Asan Ali 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesPressure ulcers (PUs), which are preventable complications, increase the cost of health care and the risk of prolonged hospital stay, as well as morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to describe the prevalence, clinical features, and risk factors for PUs among hospitalized patients.MethodThis study was cross‐sectional and conducted over a single day in all the care units. Data were recorded on a patient observation form that included demographic data, diagnosis of admission to the hospital or intensive care unit (ICU), comorbidity and chronic diseases, location, stage of PU, and Braden Scale score. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, Glasgow coma score (GCS), PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and albumin level were recorded for ICU patients.ResultsA total of 1548 adult patients participated in the study. Of these patients, 177 (11.43%) had PU. The patients with PU had more advanced age, lower body mass index (BMI), and longer duration of hospital and ICU stay (for all P = .001). Evaluation of PU in the first 24 hours after hospital admission and the last PU evaluation time also showed a significant effect (both P = .001). Braden Scale score less than or equal to 13 in the first evaluation after hospital admission increased the risk of PU. Albumin was 2.78 ± 0.57 gm/dL in ICU patients, and albumin level was significantly lower in patients with PU (P = .001). PUs were located mainly in the sacrum (47.59%) and were classified as stage II (42.76%) for all patients.ConclusionsThe prevalence of PU is related to the age and severity of patient clinical status, as predicted by the Braden Scale score and APACHE II score, and length of hospital and ICU stay. Low albumin level is also related to development of PUs in ICU patients.
Benefits and Harms of Statins in People with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Davis Katrina A.S. , Bishara Delia , Perera Gayan , Molokhia Mariam , Rajendran Lawrence , Stewart Robert J. 
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVESMore people with dementia also fall into the category of high vascular risk, for which a statin is usually prescribed. However, these recommendations are based on studies in people without dementia. We aimed to evaluate the evidence for the long‐term effectiveness and harm of statin therapy in patients with dementia.DESIGNSystematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational research.SETTINGPublications from developed countries indexed in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane trial database between 2007 and 2019.PARTICIPANTSTrials including people with all types of dementia with a mean age older than 65 years.INTERVENTIONTreatment with a statin for 6 months or longer.MEASUREMENTSMajor adverse cardiovascular events, dementia progression, and general health at 2 years, or medication adverse events (AEs) at any time. Each article was assessed for bias using the Newcastle‐Ottawa or Cochrane Collaboration tools. A narrative synthesis and pooled analyses are reported.RESULTSFive articles met the inclusion criteria. They reported only on dementia of the Alzheimer's type. There was no evidence regarding cardiovascular events or general health. We made a very low confidence finding that statins reduce dementia progression based on three cohort studies of heterogeneous design. We made a very low confidence finding of no significant difference in AEs based on two randomized controlled trials of 18 months: odds ratios of any AE = 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] = .83‐1.77), serious AE = 1.03 (95% CI = .76‐1.87), and death = 1.69 (95% CI = .79‐3.62).CONCLUSIONEvidence was insufficient to fully evaluate the efficacy of statins in people with dementia. We found that statins may have a small benefit delaying progression in Alzheimer's dementia, although this conflicted with previous findings from shorter randomized trials. For safety, the trial data lacked power to show clinically important differences between the groups. We recommend that clinical data be leveraged for further observational studies to inform prescribing decisions. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:650–658, 2020
A novel variation of the suture suspension facelift
Authors: Ugradar Shoaib , Isse Nicanor , Goldberg Robert A. , Fodor Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe propose a technical variation of the minimally invasive suture suspension facelift.MethodsA novel variation of the minimally invasive facelift is proposed. The technique consists of two components. The anterior component addresses aging of the midface by anchoring the SMAS on to the sturdy retroauricular supra‐helical deep temporal fascia using approximately 6‐8 passes of a 4/0 Mersilene suture. The posterior component addresses cervical aging by securing the posterior edge of the platysma onto the sturdy mastoid fascia, using multiple loops of a 4/0 Mersilene suture. This technique was performed on 100 consecutive patients between 2005 and 2010.ResultsThe technique was found to be safe due to the plane of dissection remaining superficial to the parotid gland in the anterior component. There were no instances of facial nerve injury or sensory disturbance. None of the patients required a secondary procedure within the first 18 months following the procedure.ConclusionsThis technique offers a safe and effective option for patients who seek a facelift, especially in combination with other procedures. It is envisaged that the use of multiple loops of suture to anchor mobile tissue onto fixed sturdy fascia will contribute to the longevity of the results. The limited skin undermining also makes this procedure a better choice for smokers.
Entrepreneurial by Design: How Organizational Design Affects Family and Non‐family Firms’ Opportunity Exploitation
Authors: De Massis Alfredo , Eddleston Kimberly A. , Rovelli Paola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOpportunity exploitation is a key aspect of the corporate entrepreneurship process and is particularly important to maintain a family firm through multiple generations. Drawing on an organizational design perspective, we investigate opportunity exploitation in family versus non‐family firms. The empirical analyses on survey data from a sample of 224 Italian firms reveal that family firms exploit significantly fewer opportunities than non‐family firms, and this result is fully mediated by the organization of their TMT. Our findings show that how family firms organize is crucial for opportunity exploitation, thus extending and enriching prior corporate entrepreneurship research, highlighting the importance of bringing an organizational design perspective to corporate entrepreneurship and family business studies.
Clinical Utility of Preoperative Bilingual Language fMRI Mapping in Patients with Brain Tumors
Authors: Leung Lok Wa Laura , Unadkat Prashin , Bertotti Melina More , Bi Wenya Linda , Essayed Walid Ibn , Bunevicius Adomas , Chavakula Vamsidhar , Rigolo Laura , Fumagalli Luca , Tie Ziyun , Golby Alexandra J. , Tie Yanmei 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPrevious literature has demonstrated disparity in the postoperative recovery of first and second language function of bilingual neurosurgical patients. However, it is unclear to whether preoperative brain mapping of both languages is needed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of language task functional MRI (fMRI) implemented in both languages in bilingual patients.METHODSWe retrospectively examined fMRI data of 13 bilingual brain tumor patients (age: 23 to 59 years) who performed antonym generation task‐based fMRIs in English and non‐English language. The usefulness of bilingual language mapping was evaluated using a structured survey administered to 5 neurosurgeons. Additionally, quantitative comparison between the brain activation maps of both languages was performed.RESULTSSurvey responses revealed differences in raters’ surgical approach, including asleep versus awake surgery and extent of resection, after viewing the language fMRI maps. Additional non‐English fMRI led to changes in surgical decision‐making and bettered localization of language areas. Quantitative analysis revealed an increase in laterality index (LI) in non‐English fMRI compared to English fMRI. The Dice coefficient demonstrated fair overlap (.458 ± .160) between the activation maps.CONCLUSIONBilingual fMRI mapping of bilingual patients allows to better appreciate functionally active language areas that may be neglected in single language mapping. Utility of bilingual mapping was supported by changes in both surgical approach and LI measurements, suggesting its benefit on preoperative language mapping.
Sociolinguistics and modes of social class signalling: African perspectives
Authors: Banda Felix 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe paper evaluates spatial, behavioural, and material signalling of social class in African contexts, focusing on Kenya and Zambia. In particular, it draws on notions of mode of class signalling and intersectionality and a vignette of an interaction between urban‐based Western educated development agents and local participants in rural Kenya to illustrate how social class is implicated in interactions. The paper shows how significant features of class and dimensions of social inequality may be perceived intersectionally so that positionalities in class structures are negotiated in contexts of interaction, thus illustrating how structural conditions of class may be challenged and questioned. The paper concludes that sociolinguistics needs to identify the various ways in which the marginalized challenge social structures of inequality. Otherwise there is a risk that sociolinguistics will work to validate inequalities as permanent and fixed, and victims of unequal treatment as permanently condemned and never able to rise against oppressive social structures that tyrannize them.
Large‐scale mortality in cultured tilapia Oreochromis niloticus due to infection with Shewanella putrefaciens in India
Authors: Sood Neeraj , Pradhan Pravata K. , Ravindra  , Verma Dev K. , Yadav Manoj K. , Mishra Rupesh K. , Kumar Uday , Swaminathan Thanga R. , Sood Naresh K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent years, infection with Shewanella putrefaciens has emerged as a serious problem in freshwater aquaculture. In the present study, we report large‐scale mortality in farmed tilapia Oreochromis niloticus from Hisar, North India. The diseased tilapia exhibited lethargy, swimming near the water surface, fin rot, hemorrhages on the operculum, and approximately 40% mortality. Gram‐negative, motile, catalase, and oxidase‐positive bacilli were isolated from the kidney of affected tilapia and confirmed as S. putrefaciens on the basis of biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antimicrobial sensitivity test revealed that S. putrefaciens strains were sensitive to quinolone, nitrofuran, tetracycline, aminoglycoside, cephalosporin, aminocyclitol, sulphonamide, and macrolide antibiotics, but resistant to beta‐lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics. The histopathological examination revealed degenerative changes in the kidney, liver, spleen, and intestine suggesting systemic infection. In experimental infection studies, the disease was reproduced in naive tilapia, and the clinical signs resembled those observed in natural cases. Further more, S. putrefaciens was re‐isolated from the kidney of challenged tilapia, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Therefore, the mortality in tilapia was attributed to S. putrefaciens infection.
Tracking the phenology of photosynthesis using carotenoid‐sensitive and near‐infrared reflectance vegetation indices in a temperate evergreen and mixed deciduous forest
Authors: Wong Christopher Y.S. , D’Odorico Petra , Arain M. Altaf , Ensminger Ingo 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Photosynthetic phenology is an important indicator of annual gross primary productivity (GPP). Assessing photosynthetic phenology remotely is difficult for evergreen conifers as they remain green year‐round. Carotenoid‐based vegetation indices such as the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and chlorophyll/carotenoid index (CCI) are promising tools to remotely track the invisible phenology of photosynthesis by assessing carotenoid pigment dynamics. PRI, CCI and the near‐infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRV) index may act as proxies of photosynthetic efficiency (ɛ), an important parameter in light‐use efficiency models, or direct proxies of photosynthesis.

To understand the physiological mechanisms reflected by PRI and CCI and the ability of vegetation indices to act as proxies of photosynthetic activity for estimating GPP, we measured leaf pigment composition, PRI, CCI, NIRV and photosynthetic activity at the leaf and canopy scales over 2 years in an evergreen and mixed deciduous forest.

PRI and CCI captured the large seasonal carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio changes and good relationships were observed between PRI–ɛ and CCI–photosynthesis and NIRV–photosynthesis.

PRI‐, CCI‐ and NIRV‐based models effectively tracked observed seasonal GPP. We propose that carotenoid‐based and near‐infrared reflectance vegetation indices may provide useful proxies of photosynthetic activity and can improve remote sensing‐based models of GPP in evergreen and deciduous forests.