bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One Step Forward: Successful End-of-Treatment Outcomes of Patients With Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Who Received Concomitant Bedaquiline and Delamanid in Mumbai, India
Authors: Das Mrinalini , Dalal Alpa , Laxmeshwar Chinmay , Ravi Shilpa , Mamnoon Fatima , Meneguim Augusto C , Paryani Roma , Mathur Taanya , Singh Pramila , Mansoor Homa , Kalon Stobdan , Hossain Farah Naz , Lachenal Nathalie , Coutisson Sylvine , Ferlazzo Gabriella , Isaakidis Petros 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The Médecins Sans Frontières Clinic in Mumbai, India, has been providing concomitant bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM) in treatment regimen for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and limited therapeutic options, referred from other healthcare institutions, since 2016. The study documents the end-of-treatment outcomes, culture-conversion rates, and serious adverse events (SAEs) during treatment.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study based on routinely collected program data. In clinic, treatment regimens are designed based on culture drug sensitivity test patterns and previous drug exposures, and are provided for 20–22 months. BDQ and DLM are extended beyond 24 weeks as off-label use. Patients who initiated DR-TB treatment including BDQ and DLM (concomitantly for at least 4 weeks) during February 2016–February 2018 were included.

Results
Of the 70 patients included, the median age was 25 (interquartile range [IQR], 22–32) years and 56% were females. All except 1 were fluoroquinolone resistant. The median duration of exposure to BDQ and DLM was 77 (IQR, 43–96) weeks. Thirty-nine episodes of SAEs were reported among 30 (43%) patients, including 5 instances of QTc prolongation, assessed as possibly related to BDQ and/or DLM. The majority (69%) had culture conversion before 24 weeks of treatment. In 61 (87%), use of BDQ and DLM was extended beyond 24 weeks. Successful end-of-treatment outcomes were reported in 49 (70%) patients.

Conclusions
The successful treatment outcomes of this cohort show that regimens including concomitant BDQ and DLM for longer than 24 weeks are effective and can be safely administered on an ambulatory basis. National TB programs globally should scale up access to life-saving DR-TB regimens with new drugs.
Understanding inclusive growth at local level: changing patterns and types of neighbourhood disadvantage in three English city-regions
Authors: Hughes Ceri , Lupton Ruth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rather than assuming there will be trickle down benefits, it is argued that efforts to promote inclusive growth should be rooted in an understanding of the experiences of different people and places. The article presents empirical analysis of changes in the ways that deprived neighbourhoods in three English city-regions are linked to the wider economy, drawing on a typology of residential mobility and population-level indicators of economic and social change. It proposes that contextualised analysis of spatial inequalities within city-regions can support the development of more explicit theories about how these inequalities are created and sustained, opening up opportunities to develop a theoretically informed, and more concrete, inclusive growth agenda.
A New Algorithm For Reconstruction Of A Computer-Generated Hologram (CGH)
Authors: Tripathy A K , Tripathy S K , Pattanaik S R , Das S K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A new algorithm based on cell orientation for construction of detour Fourier Transform Computer Generated Hologram (CGH) and reconstruction of original objects from the CGH is presented here. Uniqueness of this investigation is that, besides reconstructing original objects, using this proposed algorithm, these can also be reconstructed without using monochromatic light. This investigation thus finds its importance in encryption applications. The proposed algorithms are faster as compared to Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) algorithm and consumes less power.
Ethnic Media and Multi-Dimensional Identity: Pacific Audiences’ Connections With Māori Media
Authors: Ross Tara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article explores issues of identity, hybridity, and media in an Aotearoa/New Zealand context by analyzing Pacific audiences’ affinity for and use of indigenous Māori media. It makes the case for broadening ethnic categorizations in media practice and scholarship to better account for multi-ethnic audiences’ identities and practices. And, by exploring Pacific audiences’ talk about a shared “Brown” identity, it suggests that Pacific peoples, particularly New Zealand-born youth, resort to a racialized “Brown” identity as a way to connect to multiple others in the New Zealand context—using Māori media as a “third space” of identity negotiation to do so. Finally, it argues for more overtly situated and localized research and theory-building to further tease out the uniquely South Pacific elements of these emergent identity practices.
M2 Macrophage-Derived Exosomal miR-590-3p Attenuates DSS-Induced Mucosal Damage and Promotes Epithelial Repair via the LATS1/YAP/ β-Catenin Signalling Axis
Authors: Deng Feihong , Yan Jin , Lu Jiaxi , Luo Min , Xia Pianpian , Liu Siliang , Wang Xuehong , Zhi Fachao , Liu Deliang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
M2 phenotype macrophages are involved in the resolution of inflammation and intestinal repair. Exosomes are emerging as important mediators of intercellular communication in the mucosal microenvironment.

Methods
M2 macrophages were transfected with or without miR-590-3p. Exosomes derived from M2 macrophages were isolated and identified. Proliferation and wound healing were tested in vitro and compared between groups. The mechanism involving LATS1, and activation of YAP and β-catenin signalling was investigated by using plasmid transfection, western blotting, immunofluorescence and luciferase reporter assays. The effect of exosomes in vivo was detected in dextran saline sulphate [DSS]-induced murine colitis.

Results
First, we demonstrated that M2 macrophages promoted colonic epithelial cell proliferation in an exosome-dependent manner. Epithelial YAP mediated the effect of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes [M2-exos] in epithelial proliferation. Moreover, miR-590-3p, which was significantly enriched in M2-exos, could be transferred from macrophages into epithelial cells, resulting in the enhanced proliferation and wound healing of epithelial cells. Mechanistically, miR-590-3p suppressed the expression of LATS1 by binding to its coding sequence and subsequently activated the YAP/β-catenin-modulated transcription process to improve epithelial cell wound-healing ability. miR-590-3p also inhibited the induction of pro-inﬂammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and IL-6. More importantly, repression of miR-590-3p in M2-exos resulted in more severe mucosal damage and impaired colon repair of mice compared with those in M2-exo-treated mice after DSS-induced colitis.

Conclusion
M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-590-3p reduces inflammatory signals and promotes epithelial regeneration by targeting LATS1 and subsequently activating YAP/β-catenin-regulated transcription, which could offer a new opportunity for clinical therapy for ulcerative colitis.
Ground Predator Activity-Density and Predation Rates Are Weakly Supported by Dry-Stack Cow Manure and Wheat Cover Crops in No-Till Maize
Authors: Rowen Elizabeth K , Tooker John F 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBecause it keeps land in production, conservation programs that focus on in-field habitat manipulations may help farmers better support predators than by building predator habitat around fields. We investigated two in-field habitat manipulations that benefit producers and soil quality: fertilizing with dry-stack cow manure and planting a wheat cover crop. We hypothesized that, compared with inorganic fertilizer and fallow plots, both treatments augment habitat and residue and support more small arthropods that can serve as alternative prey for larger predators. As a result, we expected manure and the cover crop to increase ground-active predators. In turn, these predators could provide biological control of pests. Each year in a 3-yr field experiment, we applied manure and in 2 yr planted a wheat cover crop. We found that both planting a cover crop and applying dry-stack manure increased the plant cover in May. In the last year, this translated to greater soil mite (Acari) density. At the end of the experiment, however, neither manure nor the wheat cover crop had increased residue on the soil surface. As a result, our treatments had inconsistent effects on predator activity-density, especially for carabids and spiders. We observed strong edge effects from neighboring grass alleys on carabid activity-density. Regardless of treatment, we observed high predation of sentinel prey. We conclude that even without cover crops or organic fertilizer, the stability of no-till maize and increased weeds in fallow treatments generate sufficient habitat complexity and alternative prey to support robust predator communities.
Ventricular arrhythmia burden during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: O’Shea Catherine J , Thomas Gijo , Middeldorp Melissa E , Harper Curtis , Elliott Adrian D , Ray Noemi , Lau Dennis H , Campbell Kevin , Sanders Prashanthan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
Our objective was to determine the ventricular arrhythmia burden in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) patients during COVID-19.

Methods and results
In this multicentre, observational, cohort study over a 100-day period during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA, we assessed ventricular arrhythmias in ICD patients from 20 centres in 13 states, via remote monitoring. Comparison was via a 100-day control period (late 2019) and seasonal control period (early 2019). The primary outcome was the impact of COVID-19 on ventricular arrhythmia burden. The secondary outcome was correlation with COVID-19 incidence. During the COVID-19 period, 5963 ICD patients underwent remote monitoring, with 16 942 episodes of treated ventricular arrhythmias (2.8 events per 100 patient-days). Ventricular arrhythmia burden progressively declined during COVID-19 (P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of patients with ventricular arrhythmias amongst the high COVID-19 incidence states was significantly reduced compared with those in low incidence states [odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54–0.69, P &lt; 0.001]. Comparing patients remotely monitored during both COVID-19 and control periods (n = 2458), significantly fewer ventricular arrhythmias occurred during COVID-19 [incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.68, 95% CI 0.58–0.79, P &lt; 0.001]. This difference persisted when comparing the 1719 patients monitored during both the COVID-19 and seasonal control periods (IRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56–0.85, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
During COVID-19, there was a 32% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias needing device therapies, coinciding with measures of social isolation. There was a 39% reduction in the proportion of patients with ventricular arrhythmias in states with higher COVID-19 incidence. These findings highlight the potential role of real-life stressors in ventricular arrhythmia burden in individuals with ICDs.

Trial registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry; URL: https://www.anzctr.org.au/; Unique Identifier: ACTRN12620000641998
Effectiveness of pictographs in improving patient education outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Tongyao , Voss Joachim G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objective of this review was to investigate process of pictograph development and the effectiveness of pictographs in patient education. We conducted searches in Medline/PubMed, CINAHL with full text, PsycInfo, ERIC and Cochrane Library with keywords: (pictograph or pictorial) AND (patient education) NOT (children or adolescent or youth or child or teenagers). After excluding manuscripts that did not meet inclusion criteria, 56 articles were included between the time of the last review on this topic (January 2008) and May 2019. There are 17 descriptive studies, 27 randomized control trial studies, 9 quasi-experimental studies and 2 unique literatures in the systematic review. Major goals of the studies are pictograph development or validation. The majority of manuscripts (n = 48) supported the approach. However, six studies did not find significant differences in the outcome. Differences in patient population, pictograph designs and author-developed outcome measurements made it difficult to compare the findings. There is a lack of evidence on validating information outcome measurements. This review demonstrated that implementing pictographs into patient education is a promising approach for better information understanding and health management. Pictographic interventions need to be carefully developed and validated with both the targeted patient population and the clinical experts.
Asymptotics for the Number of Simple (4a + 1)-knots of Genus 1
Authors: Miller Alison Beth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We investigate the asymptotics of the total number of simple $(4a+1)$-knots with Alexander polynomial of the form $mt^2 +(1-2m) t + m$ for some nonzero $m \in [-X, X]$. Using Kearton and Levine’s classification of simple knots, we give equivalent algebraic and arithmetic formulations of this counting question. In particular, this count is the same as the total number of ${\mathbb{Z}}[1/m]$-equivalence classes of binary quadratic forms of discriminant $1-4m$, for $m$ running through the same range. Our heuristics, based on the Cohen–Lenstra heuristics, suggest that this total is asymptotic to $X^{3/2}/\log X$ and the largest contribution comes from the values of $m$ that are positive primes. Using sieve methods, we prove that the contribution to the total coming from $m$ positive prime is bounded above by $O(X^{3/2}/\log X)$ and that the total itself is $o(X^{3/2})$.
Innovating health care: key characteristics of human-centered design
Authors: Melles Marijke , Albayrak Armagan , Goossens Richard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Human-centered design is about understanding human needs and how design can respond to these needs. With its systemic humane approach and creativity, human-centered design can play an essential role in dealing with today’s care challenges. ‘Design’ refers to both the process of designing and the outcome of that process, which includes physical products, services, procedures, strategies and policies. In this article, we address the three key characteristics of human-centered design, focusing on its implementation in health care: (1) developing an understanding of people and their needs; (2) engaging stakeholders from early on and throughout the design process; (3) adopting a systems approach by systematically addressing interactions between the micro-, meso- and macro-levels of sociotechnical care systems, and the transition from individual interests to collective interests.
Nephrotoxicity of teicoplanin-based combination therapy: focus on piperacillin/tazobactam and other anti-pseudomonal β-lactams
Authors: Tai Chih-Hsun , Shao Chi-Hao , Wang Chi-Chuan , Lin Fang-Ju , Wang Jann-Tay , Wu Chien-Chih 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The concurrent use of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with vancomycin use with other anti-pseudomonal β-lactams (OAPBs). Teicoplanin is a glycopeptide antibiotic with lower nephrotoxicity than that of vancomycin. Whether the concomitant use of teicoplanin and piperacillin/tazobactam also increases the risk of AKI remains unknown.

Objectives
To evaluate the AKI risk between teicoplanin–piperacillin/tazobactam and teicoplanin–OAPBs.

Methods
This was a retrospective, propensity score-matched cohort study. Adult patients receiving teicoplanin-based combination therapy were included. OAPBs included cefepime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceftazidime, doripenem, imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem. Propensity score matching was performed to balance demographic and confounding factors. The primary endpoint was AKI during combination therapy.

Results
After propensity score matching, 954 patients (teicoplanin–piperacillin/tazobactam: teicoplanin–OAPBs, 1:3 matched, 243 pairs in total) were included for analysis. The mean age was 66.3 years in the matched cohort and 17.1% of patients had shock. Use of nephrotoxic medications (45.7% versus 48.7%) and baseline renal function (78.88 ± 31.26 versus 81.05 ± 31.53 mL/min/1.73 m2) were similar in the two groups. The median teicoplanin dose was 10.7 mg/kg in both groups. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of AKI risk (14.8% versus 14.2%, P = 0.815). However, the time to AKI appeared shorter in the teicoplanin–piperacillin/tazobactam group (4.64 ± 2.33 versus 6.29 ± 4.72 days, P = 0.039).

Conclusions
The combination of teicoplanin and piperacillin/tazobactam was not associated with an increased risk of AKI compared with teicoplanin and OAPBs.
Dissemination of NDM-producingKlebsiella pneumoniaeandEscherichia colihigh-risk clones in Catalan healthcare institutions
Authors: Marí-Almirall Marta , Cosgaya Clara , Pitart Cristina , Viñes Joaquim , Muñoz Laura , Campo Irene , Cuscó Anna , Rodríguez-Serna Laura , Santana Gemina , Del Río Ana , Francino Olga , Ciruela Pilar , Pujol Isabel , Ballester Frederic , Marco Francesc , Martínez José Antonio , Soriano Álex , Vila Jordi , Roca Ignasi ,   the MERCyCAT Study Group, Jove Pepa Pérez , Padilla Emma , Ballestero-Téllez Mónica , Zboromyrska Yuliya , Ángel Benítez Miguel , Clivillé Raquel , González Sabina , Calvet Iolanda , Gallés Carmen , Sauca Goretti , Martí-Sala Carmina , Pulido Ma Angeles , Vilamala Anna , González-Cuevas Araceli , Gené Amadeu , Trujillo Gloria , Madueño Joan Lopez , Raga Xavier , Gómez Frederic , Picó Ester , Sarvisé Carolina , Font Xesca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the clonal spread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolates between different healthcare institutions in Catalonia, Spain.MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion. MICs were determined by gradient diffusion or broth microdilution. Carbapenemase production was confirmed by lateral flow. PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the allelic variants of resistance genes. Clonality studies were performed by PFGE and MLST. Plasmid typing, conjugation assays, S1-PFGE plus Southern blotting and MinION Oxford Nanopore sequencing were used to characterize resistance plasmids.ResultsTwenty-nine carbapenem-resistant isolates recovered from three healthcare institutions between January and November 2016 were included: 14 K. pneumoniae isolates from a tertiary hospital in the south of Catalonia (hospital A); 2 K. pneumoniae isolates from a nearby healthcare centre; and 12 K. pneumoniae isolates and 1 E. coli isolate from a tertiary hospital in Barcelona (hospital B). The majority of isolates were resistant to all antimicrobial agents, except colistin, and all were NDM producers. PFGE identified a major K. pneumoniae clone (n = 27) belonging to ST147 and co-producing NDM-1 and CTX-M-15, with a few isolates also harbouring blaOXA-48. Two sporadic isolates of K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST167 producing NDM-7 were also identified. blaNDM-1 was carried in two related IncR plasmid populations and blaNDM-7 in a conjugative 50 kb IncX3 plasmid.ConclusionsWe report the inter-hospital dissemination of XDR high-risk clones of K. pneumoniae and E. coli associated with the carriage of small, transferable plasmids harbouring blaNDM genes.
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cell cultures by peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers
Authors: Rosenke Kyle , Leventhal Shanna , Moulton Hong M , Hatlevig Susan , Hawman David , Feldmann Heinz , Stein David A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
As the causative agent of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is a pathogen of immense importance to global public health. Development of innovative direct-acting antiviral agents is sorely needed to address this virus. Peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers (PPMO) are antisense compounds composed of a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer covalently conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide. PPMO require no delivery assistance to enter cells and are able to reduce expression of targeted RNA through sequence-specific steric blocking.

Methods
Five PPMO designed against sequences of genomic RNA in the SARS-CoV-2 5′-untranslated region and a negative control PPMO of random sequence were synthesized. Each PPMO was evaluated for its effect on the viability of uninfected cells and its inhibitory effect on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cell cultures. Cell viability was evaluated with an ATP-based method using a 48 h PPMO treatment time. Viral growth was measured with quantitative RT–PCR and TCID50 infectivity assays from experiments where cells received a 5 h PPMO treatment time.

Results
PPMO designed to base-pair with sequence in the 5′ terminal region or the leader transcription regulatory sequence region of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA were highly efficacious, reducing viral titres by up to 4–6 log10 in cell cultures at 48–72 h post-infection, in a non-toxic and dose-responsive manner.

Conclusions
The data indicate that PPMO have the ability to potently and specifically suppress SARS-CoV-2 growth and are promising candidates for further preclinical development.
On-Line HP(LC)-GC-FID Determination of Hydrocarbon Contaminants in Fresh and Packaged Fish and Fish Products
Authors: Srbinovska Ana , Conchione Chiara , Lucci Paolo , Moret Sabrina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Fish products can be contaminated with mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH), mainly as a result of environmental contamination (wild fish) or contaminated feeds (farmed fish). Packaged products may also be contaminated with polyolefin oligomeric hydrocarbons (POH), which, depending on the packaging, storage condition, matrix composition, and fat content, may migrate relatively easily from the packaging to the food.

Objective
A rapid, solvent-sparing method for determining hydrocarbon contaminants in fish products was developed, validated, and applied to farmed and wild fish products (both fresh and packaged samples, stored under different conditions).

Method
Microwave-assisted saponification (MAS) was used in combination with on-line LC-GC-flame ionization detection (FID).

Results
The proposed method showed quantitative recovery, good repeatability, and high sensitivity. Farmed salmon had variable mineral oil saturated hydrocarbon contamination (from 0.5 to 4.3 mg/kg), accompanied by mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (maximum 1.4 mg/kg), while wild salmons had no detectable contamination. Samples of one farmed salmon and a swordfish, both sliced and packed under vacuum, resulted contaminated with POH migrated from the packaging. POH migration was also evident in a ready-to-eat meal.

Conclusions
The proposed method showed good performance characteristics in terms of recovery, repeatability, and LOQ. Fatty fish products are more prone to contamination with hydrocarbon contaminants.

Highlights
MAS allows for rapid and efficient sample preparation. An LC-GC-FID method for MOH/POH determination in fish products was validated. Fish products may be contaminated with variable amounts of hydrocarbon contaminants.