bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eccentric knee flexor strength of professional football players with and without hamstring injury in the prior season
Authors: Ribeiro‐Alvares João Breno , Oliveira Gabriel Dos Santos , De Lima‐E‐Silva Felipe Xavier , Baroni Bruno Manfredini 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBoth injury history and eccentric knee flexor strength have been associated with risk of football players sustaining hamstring strain injury (HSI). However, it remains unclear whether football players who sustained HSIs in the prior season present persistent eccentric strength deficits. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to verify the eccentric knee flexor strength of professional male football players with and without history of HSI in the prior season. This case–control study assessed 210 professional male football players from 10 Brazilian clubs: 182 included in the control group and 28 in the previously injured group. Players from the injured group had suffered unilateral HSI in the prior season. We measured the knee flexors peak force during the Nordic hamstring exercise and calculated the between‐limb asymmetry. Groups were similar for age, body mass and height (p > 0.05). Control group had similar strength values between left and right limbs (376.29 ± 61.77 N vs. 380.28 ± 61.77 N; p = 0.27; d = 0.06), while the previously injured limb was weaker than the contralateral uninjured limb in the injured group (350.87 ± 60.79 N vs. 385.75 ± 63.49 N; p < 0.01; d = 0.56). Thirty‐seven percent of players in the control group and 50% in the injured group presented between‐limb asymmetry >10%. This study demonstrates that players with history of HSI in the prior season present reduced eccentric knee flexor strength in the injured limb, but half of them have between‐limb asymmetry within the most commonly adopted benchmark value of 10%.
Height‐based model for the categorization of athletes in combat sports
Authors: Bešlija Tea , Čular Dražen , Kezić Ana , Tomljanović Mario , Ardigò Luca Paolo , Dhabhi Wissem , Padulo Johnny 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReducing bodyweight within a short‐time participating in kicking combat sports can adversely affect health. This study's aim creating an improved model to categorize athletes in kicking combat sports. The investigation focused on 795 athletes (11‐24 years), participating in the Croatian National Taekwondo Championship. The sample included athletes from both sexes (371 males), cadets (n = 325), juniors (n = 247) and seniors (n = 223). Data were collected during the preparatory period and prior to the athletes competing, using a bioelectrical impedance analysis device. According to current categorization rules, athletes are categorized by arbitrarily determined ranges in bodyweight, whereas, in this current study, the authors have devised an improved model, based on body height and the analysis of data collected. The difference in coefficients between the official model and the proposed, improved categorization method in terms of body height (2.70 and 0.71, respectively), showed that the improved model homogenized athletes almost four times more than the official model, reducing the maximal difference in body height from 29 to 9 cm within specific categories. Proposed, improved model had same number of categories as the official structure and directly homogenized differences in height within a category up to a 3‐cm maximum for the middle categories and a 9‐cm maximum on the periphery of the bands. We expect this improved combat sports categorization model will indirectly reduce differences between other longitudinal body dimensions within categories (thus making match results less predictable) as well as reduce bodyweight manipulation potentially endangering athletes' health.
Modelling the response of potassium vapour in resonance scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Hale S J , Chaplin W J , Davies G R , Elsworth Y P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Resonance scattering techniques are often used to study the properties of atoms and molecules. The Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) makes use of Resonance Scattering Spectroscopy by applying the known properties of potassium vapour to achieve ultra-precise Doppler velocity observations of oscillations of the Sun. We present a model of the resonance scattering properties of potassium vapour which can be used to determine the ideal operating vapour temperature and detector parameters within a spectrophotometer. The model is validated against a typical BiSON vapour cell using a tunable diode laser, where the model is fitted to observed absorption profiles at a range of temperatures. Finally we demonstrate using the model to determine the effects of varying scattering detector aperture size, and vapour temperature, and again validate against observed scattering profiles. Such information is essential when designing the next generation of BiSON spectrophotometers (BiSON:NG), where the aim is to make use of off-the-shelf components to simplify and miniaturise the instrumentation as much as practical.
An open source heterogeneous 3D printed mouse phantom utilising a novel bone representative thermoplastic
Authors: Price Gareth , Biglin Emma R , Collins Sean , Aitkinhead Adam , Subiel Anna , Chadwick Amy L , Cullen David, M , Kirkby Karen J , Schettino Giuseppe , Tipping Jill , Robinson Andrew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The lack of rigorous quality standards in pre-clinical radiation dosimetry has renewed interest in the development of anthropomorphic phantoms. Using 3D printing customisable phantoms can be created to assess all parts of pre-clinical radiation research: planning, image guidance and treatment delivery. We present the full methodology, including material development and printing designs, for the production of a high spatial resolution, anatomically realistic heterogeneous small animal phantom. A methodology for creating and validating tissue equivalent materials is presented. The technique is demonstrated through the development of a bone-equivalent material. This material is used together with a soft-tissue mimicking ABS plastic filament to reproduce the corresponding structure geometries captured from a CT scan of a nude mouse. Air gaps are used to represent the lungs. Phantom validation was performed through comparison of the geometry and x-ray attenuation of CT images of the phantom and animal images. A 6.6% difference in the attenuation of the bone-equivalent material compared to the reference standard in softer beams (0.5 mm Cu HVL) rapidly decreases as the beam is hardened. CT imaging shows accurate (sub-millimetre) reproduction of the skeleton (Distance-To-Agreement 0.5 mm ± 0.4 mm) and body surface (0.7 mm ± 0.5 mm). Histograms of the voxel intensity profile of the phantom demonstrate suitable similarity to those of both the original mouse image and that of a different animal. We present an approach for the efficient production of an anthropomorphic phantom suitable for the quality assurance of pre-clinical radiotherapy. Our design and full methodology are provided as open source to encourage the pre-clinical radiobiology community to adopt a common QA standard.

Abbreviations

ABS – acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, CBCT – cone beam computed tomography, FDM – fused deposition modelling, HVL – half value layer, HU – Hounsfield units, ICRU - International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, NIST – National Institute of Standards and Technology, NPL – National Physical Laboratory, QA – quality assurance, ROI – region of interest, SARRP – small animal radiation research platform, STL – stereolithography.
Low-index quantum-barrier single-pass tapered semiconductor optical amplifiers for efficient coherent beam combining
Authors: Albrodt P , Niemeyer M , Elattar M , Hamperl J , Blume G , Ginolas A , Fricke J , Maaßdorf A , Georges P , Lucas-Leclin G , Paschke K , Crump P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The requirements for coherent combination of high power GaAs-based single-pass tapered amplifiers are studied. Changes to the epitaxial layer structure are shown to bring higher beam quality and hence improved combining efficiency for one fixed device geometry. Specifically, structures with large vertical near field and low wave-guiding from the active region show 10% higher beam quality and coherent combining efficiency than reference devices. As a result, coherent combining efficiency is shown to be limited by beam quality, being directly proportional to the power content in the central lobe across a wide range of devices with different construction. In contrast, changes to the in-plane structure did not improve beam quality or combining efficiency. Although poor beam quality does correlate with increased optical intensities near the input aperture, locating monolithically-integrated absorption regions in these areas did not lead to any performance improvement. However, large area devices with subsequently improved cooling do achieve higher output powers. Phase noise can limit coherent combining, but this is shown to be small and independent of device design. Overall, tapered amplifiers are well suited for high power coherent combining applications.
Ab initio calculations of aluminium clustering on aluminium surfaces
Authors: Kuz’menko A.P. , Khokhlov N.A. , Ko Ko Lin , Than Myo Min , Petrov A.S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Aluminium (Al) nanofilms have been extensively used as interconnection wires, electrodes, and other components in nanoelectronics. In this paper, elementary processes of Al atom clustering on aluminium substrate are considered and corresponding ab initio calculations are performed with the ABINIT package in frames of the density functional theory (DFT). Structure geometries of aluminium clusters A1N (N = 1-5) on the single crystal most packed faces (100), (110), and (111) surfaces were obtained. The calculation scheme was tested on free clusters A1N (N = 1-5), bulk aluminium and the most packed faces (100), (110), and (110) of the aluminium single crystal. The computed bond energies and lengths are in good agreement with the experimental data and results of other authors. The basic processes of the magnetron film formation by small aluminium clusters were considered. The presented results provide some preliminary data essential for a microscopic description of the aluminium nanofilm formation in the magnetron sputtering process at low-pressure argon plasma and in similar processes favoring small cluster deposition. We consider microscopic conditions that determine a primary mode of aluminium thin-film growth (layer-by-layer, island formation, or layer-plus-island). We show that small cluster deposition may be a perspective well-controlled method for production of high-quality single crystal Al nanofilms.
Characterization on the reduction of burst release via biodegradable polymers from chlorhexidine-release on coated Foley urinary catheter by chlorhexidine-loaded micelles
Authors: Srisang Siriwan , Nasongkla Norased 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this work, chlorhexidine-loaded block copolymer was fabricated into micelles (CHX-micelles) and was then coated on foley urinary catheter by dip technique. The number cycles of coating were alternated the bilayers between (CHX-micelles) and poly(acrylic acid) which presented the suitable cycles of coating at 90 bilayers. This cycle of coating presented enough CHX quantity on coated catheter but their still showed burst CHX-release in early stage at first day. Hence, poly (lactic acid), PLA and poly (ϵ-caprolactone), PCL were also used to coat on top of 90 bilayers of catheter surface to reduce the burst release. The CHX quantity was then investigated on coated catheter and were studied the CHX-release. Results showed that the coated catheters at 90 bilayers and then coated the PLA and PCL presented the reduction of burst CHX-release from 80% to 42% for PLA coating and 38% for PCL. Moreover, coating PCL nanospheres (PCL-NS) on coated of 90 bilayers (CHX-micelles/PAA) can assist to reduce the burst release of CHX and prolonged the CHX-release up to two weeks. Thus, this strategy can be reduced the burst CHX-release on coated urinary catheter at early stage and can be prolonged the CHX-release.
Effect of Chitosan Surfactant Concentration on the Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Al2O3 + CNT Hybrid Nanofluid
Authors: Tilak Abhilash K. , Patil Ranjit S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the effect of chitosan surfactant concentration on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al2O3 + CNT/water hybrid nanofluid is reported. SEM was used to characterize the nanoparticles. The hybrid nanofluid of 0.01% volume fraction was prepared with 1:1 ratio of Al2O3& CNT nanoparticles. Different concentrations of chitosan surfactant as 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and, 1.25 wt.% are employed as stabilizers. Zeta potential measurements were carried out to check the stability of prepared hybrid nanofluid. Thermal conductivity and viscosity of hybrid nanofluid were measured at a constant temperature of 25°C. Finally, the optimum concentration of surfactant using the results obtained is determined.For the most stable suspension, thermal conductivity ratio is 1.0065 and viscosity is 30.2% more than that of the base fluid.
Large-Scale Fabrication of Optically Active Plasmonic Arrays via Displacement Talbot Lithography
Authors: Balaur Eugeniu , Sadatnajafi Catherine , Abbey Brian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Periodic nanoapertures fabricated in thin metal films exhibit a range of interesting properties in the presence of electromagnetic waves including phenomena such as extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). Fundamentally, these effects are mediated by plasmons and have been shown to have a vast range of applications, including, colour filtering, chemical sensing, and as components in solar cells. In the majority of cases, the high spatial resolution required for precise fabrication of these structures is limited to direct writing techniques such as Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Electron beam lithography (EBL), which only cover relatively small, micron-sized, areas. In this article, we describe and demonstrate the fabrication of plasmonically active devices in the visible range using Displacement Talbot Lithography (DTL). This method allows nanometre-resolution photolithography to be performed over very large areas (whole wafers) without any significant degradation in quality. We present experimental results for a range of different structures including periodic, aperiodic and hexagonal configurations in silver films.
Modified Simple Chemical Plume Tracing Algorithm
Authors: Gaurav Kumar , Singh Ramanpreet , Kumar Ajay 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A simple chemical plume tracing algorithm has been modified and presented in this paper. This algorithm traces the plume based on maximum concentration of chemical/odor cues received by simulated omnidirectional gas sensors. Herein it is proposed to place the sensors in two different arrangements to facilitate the functioning of algorithm. These arrangements of sensors are namely, circular (rosette) type and rectangular, have been proposed to explore its effect on success rate of algorithm. A differential drive mobile robot has been considered around which these sensors are placed to trace the plume. Arena in which plume tracing algorithm has been implemented is a simulated environment based on time averaged Gaussian plume model. Variable wind conditions have been generated to validate the implementation of algorithm. In addition to success rate, number of steps taken to reach the source is taken as an underlying factor of performance measure.
The effect of surfactants on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanoweb by electrospinning
Authors: Metanawin Tanapak , Panutumrong Praripatsaya , Techno Boonsak , Metanawin Siripan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) nanowebs were prepared by electrospoinning technique. The electrospinning technique produced nanometer scale of polymer fibres. This technique used the electrostatic force draw the polymer solution from the needle tip and deposited on substrate to from nanowebs. The PVA nanowebs were prepared with various surfactant types (anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactant). The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, polyethylene glycol sorbitanmonolaurate, polyoxyethylenesorbitanmonolaurate, sodium lauryl sulfate were employed as surfactants. The morphology of PVA nanowebs were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM micrograph shows that PVA nanowebs with all surfactants were successfully prepared with no beat. Thermal properties were measured by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the %crystalline of PVA with SLS surfactant was slightly decreased. The mechanical property of nanowebs were measured using universal testing machine. The structure of nanowebs were analyzed by x-ray diffraction technique.
To Study the Effect of Particle Size of Sand and Magnesium Powder on conversion of Sand to Nano-silicon
Authors: Singh Shweta , Ravipati Disha , Dedaniya Darshan , Fadadu Jay , Patel Jay Kumar , Patel Vikas , Dalai Sridhar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Silicon is an interesting candidate to be used as an anode material for the next generation Li-ion battery. Silicon due to its high specific capacity (mAh/g) among the known anode materials for Li-ion battery is expected to fulfill the existing demands of the market. It is also abundant and cheap. Unfortunately, significant breaking impact during lithiation procedure of lithium in continuous charge-release process that causes structural degradation, in this way losing specific capacity and contact amongst electrolyte and cathode. To overcome the results noteworthy achievements have been made in creating silicon nanosheets. Thermic reduction of SiO2 can be done by few known methods that includes carbothermal, magnesiothermic, aluminothermic, and calciothermic lessening. In this work, we have synthesized silicon nanosheets by using magnesiothermic reduction. Magneisothermic reduction of sand by furnace heating was found successful to produce silicon nanosheets at 600°C. According to results, we have observed that the silicon nanosheets have a leaf-like sheet morphology ranging from a few ten to hundred nanometer.
Modeling And Design Of Nano Scale Cmos Controller Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy For Speed Control Of Dc Shunt Motor
Authors: Sujatha K. , Godhavari T. , Shafiya Shaik , Srividhya V. , Sai krishna P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The main aim of this work is to control the speed of the DC shunt motor by using a nano scale Complimentary Metallic oxide Field Effect Transistor (CMOS) inverter with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy based method for optimal parameter selection. The speed of the DC shunt motor can be varied by varying armature voltage with field current constant and varying the field current with armature voltage constant. It is found that the speed is said to increase with increase in armature voltage for which the graph is a linear in case of armature controlled method. Whereas for the field control method the speed is said to increase with decrease in field current with armature voltage to be constant. The stated condition is cross verified by plotting the graphs for conventional and proposed nano scale CMOS inverter with ANFIS optimization scheme. A novel technique for modeling and devising a nano scale CMOS circuit using adaptive neuro-fuzzy network for controlling and tuning the switching characteristics of the circuit so that it is symmetric with equal values of rise time and fall time with equal output for propagation delay during low to high and high to low outputs. This control over the CMOS switching characteristics using ANFIS controller offers an effective speed control for DC shunt motors. The designed scheme for 45nm process technology is simulated using MATLAB. The results for nano scale CMOS inverter with ANFIS optimization scheme proved to be accurate with an accuracy of 97.5% to 100% which is compared with experimentation results obtained in laboratory using conventional speed control techniques like field and armature control methods.
Photocatalytic Reduction of Nickel using Synthesized nano Titanium Oxide - Acidified neem saw dust Composite from Battery waste
Authors: Surendra B. , Sai Santosh S. , Nikhil Palli , Sree Venkat M. , Thanusha Punugoti , Donepudi Anudeep , Vangalapati Meena 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The heavy metals, present in the battery waste water released from industries are extremely toxic and pose a serious threat to public health. The physical adsorption methods are effective, but require an additional adsorbent regeneration step. The degradation of heavy metals in industrial effluents through chemical remediation has also gained tremendous attention due to its enormous applications. Photo catalytic degradation using renewable UV / sun light is one of the most promising techniques due to its simplicity and economy. Till date, various metallic/bimetallic oxides such as TiO2, ZnO, Fe2O3 have been tested for degradation of photo catalytic components due to their superior activity, low price. Attempts have been made to study the photo catalytic degradation of heavy metals using nano Titanium Oxide and Acidified neem saw dust (nTO/ANSD) composite as a photo catalyst.
In this present research, nTO/ANSD composite was synthesized and assessed for photo-chemical degradation of nickel in presence of UV light. It was observed that 96.4% Nickel was reduced using photo catalytic process. The X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for nTO/ANSD studies were also performed. The recovery process of the nTO/ANSD composite photo catalyst is easier and reusability studies shows that the catalyst can be reused to remove the traces of heavy metals with slight reduction in efficiency.
Anti Cataract Activity Of Synthesized Silver Nano Particles From Skin Of Allium Cepa Species
Authors: Sruthi T , Koteshwara rao Ch. , Surya prakash D V , Anand kumar N , Monica nissy S , Sasikala V , Vangalapati Meena 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Allium cepa (Onion) is considered as the most used vegetable in the world. The most common disease that turns chronic is the cataract disease. The occurrence of blurry vision which requires a surgery, is major ophthalmic disorder. This paper focuses on the therapeutic application of the flavonoid extract from the skin of Allium Cepa. The extraction of flavonoids from onion peel and their combination with silver particles showed the activity at its rest as nano particles. The “lipid peroxidase” test at the lab were tested against the cataract cell lines, which therefore resulted: only onion peel - 1.47 μmoles MDA / gmFW; Nano sized skin of Allium cepa - 3.25 μmoles MDA / gmFW. From the observations, Anti cataract activity of the silver nano particles from skin of Allium cepa showed better results than skin of Allium cepa. The nano particles were analyzed using SEM and XRD.
Density and Molar Volume of Bismuth Oxide Doped Lithium Lead Borate Glass System
Authors: Kolavekar Sangeeta B. , Ayachit N. H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This work mainly focuses on the study of the density and molar volume of bismuth oxide doped lithium lead borate coded as LPBB glass system. These glasses were prepared by conventional melt quench method, in order to study their structure. Variation in the value of both density and molar volume as the mole concentration of bismuth content in lead-borate glasses was studied. Variation of density of present glasses is exactly opposite to that of molar volume with increasing mole concentration of bismuth oxide. The F.T.I.R Analysis of LPBB glasses discovered that the network structure mainly depends on the BO3 and BO4 units. Because of the role played by PbO as a glass modifier the transformation of [BO3] units to [BO4] units takes place.