bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducible Ultrathin Ferroelectric Domain Switching for High‐Performance Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Li Jiankun , Ge Chen , Du Jianyu , Wang Can , Yang Guozhen , Jin Kuijuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeuromorphic computing consisting of artificial synapses and neural network algorithms provides a promising approach for overcoming the inherent limitations of current computing architecture. Developments in electronic devices that can accurately mimic the synaptic plasticity of biological synapses, have promoted the research boom of neuromorphic computing. It is reported that robust ferroelectric tunnel junctions can be employed to design high‐performance electronic synapses. These devices show an excellent memristor function with many reproducible states (≈200) through gradual ferroelectric domain switching. Both short‐ and long‐term plasticity can be emulated by finely tuning the applied pulse parameters in the electronic synapse. The analog conductance switching exhibits high linearity and symmetry with small switching variations. A simulated artificial neural network with supervised learning built from these synaptic devices exhibited high classification accuracy (96.4%) for the Mixed National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) handwritten recognition data set.
Compact Assembly and Programmable Integration of Supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Bing , Liu Feng , Sun Guoqiang , Gao Jian , Xu Tong , Xiao Yukun , Shao Changxiang , Jin Xuting , Yang Hongsheng , Zhao Yang , Zhang Zhipan , Jiang Lan , Qu Liangti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicrosized supercapacitors (mSCs) with small volume, rapid charge–discharge rate, and ultralong cyclic lifetime are urgently needed to meet the demand of miniaturized portable electronic devices. A versatile self‐shrinkage assembling (SSA) strategy to directly construct the compact mSCs (CmSCs) from hydrogels of reduced graphene oxide is reported. A single CmSC is only 0.0023 cm3 in volume, which is significantly smaller than most reported mSCs in fiber/yarn and planar interdigital forms. It exhibits a high capacitance of up to 68.3 F cm−3 and a superior cycling stability with 98% capacitance retention after 25 000 cycles. Most importantly, the SSA technique enables the CmSC as the building block to realize arbitrary, programmable, and multi‐dimensional integration for adaptable and complicated power systems. By design on mortise and tenon joint connection, autologous integrated 3D interdigital CmSCs are fabricated in a self‐holding‐on manner, which thus dramatically reduces the whole device volume to achieve the high‐performance capacitive behavior. Consequently, the SSA technique offers a universal and versatile approach for large‐scale on‐demand integration of mSCs as flexible and transformable power sources.
High Force Density Textile Electrostatic Clutch
Authors: Hinchet Ronan , Shea Herbert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClutches are key elements for blocking or coupling motion in wearable systems such as soft exoskeletons, haptic clothing, and rehabilitation equipment. Electrostatic clutches (ESclutches) are compact and light, making them particularly well‐suited for wearable applications. They are variable capacitors whose electrodes can slide with respect to each other, with a frictional force between electrodes proportional to the square of the applied voltage. A high force–density textile‐based ESclutch is reported here, generating frictional shear stresses of 21 N cm−2 at only 300 V, a stress level 11 times higher than any other ESclutch, and 88 times better than textile‐based ESclutches. Actuation and release time are inferior to 5 and 15 ms. Power consumption is below 1.2 mW cm−2. To reach such high frictional stresses, a dielectric material with high permittivity is chosen (P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE)), a fabrication process that enables highly planar dielectric and conductive films on textile is developed, and an alternating current waveform is optimized to minimize space charge. The ESclutch is thin, highly flexible, and weighs only 30 mg cm−2. The device demonstrated here is designed for wearable applications such as kinesthetic haptic feedback for virtual reality or for soft exoskeletons.
Controlling Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence through External Heavy‐Atom Effect for White Light Emission and Luminescence Printing
Authors: She Pengfei , Yu Yaxin , Qin Yanyan , Zhang Yingjie , Li Feiyang , Ma Yun , Liu Shujuan , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPure organic materials with tunable room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have attracted considerable interest because they are promising candidates for a wide range of optoelectronic applications. Herein, a series of organic compounds of (4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)butyl) triphenylphosphonium (CBTP) with different halide anions (CBTP‐Cl, CBTP‐Br, and CBTP‐I) are synthesized. They show emission color changes from blue to orange‐red in the solid state. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the RTP is primarily caused by the external heavy‐atom effect (EHE), which enhances the spin–orbit coupling between the singlet and triplet excited states to facilitate the intersystem crossing rate. Distinct white light emission can be achieved using the controllable RTP by doping a certain ratio of potassium iodide (KI) into a polymer matrix containing CBTP‐Cl. Moreover, luminescent information can be recorded on a paper substrate made from a polymer film containing CBTP‐Cl with KI aqueous solution as the ink. The results suggest that rational control of the EHE of these pure organic materials is promising for different optoelectronic applications, including solid‐state lighting, data recording, and security protection.
Narrow‐Band QD‐Enhanced PIN Metal‐Oxide Heterostructure Phototransistor with the Assistance of Printing Processes
Authors: Liu Xiang , Zhou Wenxing , Tao Yuan , Mao Lei , Chang Jianhua , Hu Hai , Li Chi , Dai Qing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfrared (IR) phototransistors are important building blocks for the true integration of flat‐panel optoelectronic detectors. Although significant progress is made in obtaining an InGaZnO active layer with IR response, the utilization of a high‐performance detector still has many challenges due to low efficiency, high power consumption, and lagging detection speed. Herein, a positive‐intrinsic‐negative (PIN) heterostructure phototransistor directly modulating the charges' transfer barrier with low power consumption (1 nW), high efficiency (EQE > 700%), a 200 Hz detecting bandwidth, and high detectivity (1 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 W−1) at an IR wavelength (1.5 µm in the high‐frequency circumstance) is demonstrated. These excellent sensing properties of the PIN phototransistor, together with its advantages of low power consumption and versatility, make the use of a heterostructure a powerful strategy for the development of on‐chip optoelectronic detectors.
Exploration of High Efficiency AIE‐Active Deep/Near‐Infrared Red Emitters in OLEDs with High‐Radiance
Authors: Wan Qing , Tong Jialin , Zhang Bing , Li Yin , Wang Zhiming , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLimiting by classic donor–acceptor (D–A) strategy based on charge transfer (CT) process dominated emission, the high‐efficiency organic deep/near infrared red (DR/NIR) emitters with desirable photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and satisfactory excitons utilization efficiencies (EUEs) are still a challenge. Herein, three new DR/NIR luminogens (TNZPPI, TNZtPPI and TNZ2tPPI) based on naphtho[2,3‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (NZ) group are synthesized. Their interesting characterization of hybrid excited states containing tuned local excited (LE) and CT components are confirmed, and the effective high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) channel might be activated because of their larger T2–T1 energy gap and smaller T4–S2 energy splitting. Thanks for their higher fluorescence quantum yields in film (24–38%), the TNZPs‐based non‐doped devices exhibit bright NIR emission with higher maximum radiance of 21447–36027 mW Sr−1 m−2, whose performance are better than most reported pure organic NIR devices. Enjoying deep analysis of their solvation effect and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐activity, the doped organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are fabricated, whose performances are very good with identical National Television System Committee saturated red‐emitting behaviors. The results in TNZPs show that the electronic effect of molecule structure and intermolecular interactions all are relative to their performance, and which is very important for the design high‐efficiency NZ‐based OLED materials.
Disability and migration in urban Australia: The case of Liverpool
Authors: Soldatic Karen , Magee Liam , James Paul , Partoredjo Shuman , Mann Jakki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article presents and analyses population data on the Liverpool area of Greater Western Sydney, identifying trends with significant policy implications. Liverpool city is home to one of the highest concentrations of Australia's recent arrivals, many of whom have refugee backgrounds. From those who arrived under Australia's post‐Second World War resettlement programme to new arrivals, it is also home to a rich diversity of sociocultural and linguistic communities at different stages of settlement. Demographic data show significant relationships between age, country of origin, year of arrival and need for assistance variables, many of which are either qualitatively distinct or quantitatively different from other regions in Sydney, New South Wales and Australia. Building on this analysis, the article further identifies significant policy issues in relation to disability, care and support. While Western Sydney has figured prominently in national and state public‐policy directives, particularly in relation to economic growth, public infrastructure and transport mobility corridors, the analysis presented here illustrates that national policy directives for socioeconomic imperatives, such as the appropriate uptake of the National Disability Insurance Scheme, are critical to facilitate social sustainability, cohesion and equity within the region.
Enantiomorphic Microvortex‐Enabled Supramolecular Sensing of Racemic Amino Acids by Using Achiral Building Blocks
Authors: Li Yike , Liu Chao , Bai Xuan , Tian Fei , Hu Guoqing , Sun Jiashu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChiral analysis of bioactive molecules is of increasing significance in chemical and life sciences. However, the quantitative detection of a racemic mixture of enantiomers is a challenging task, which relies on complicated and time‐consuming multiple steps of chiral derivatization, chiral separation, and spectroscopic measurement. Herein, we show that, without the use of chiral molecules or pretreatment steps, the co‐assembly of amino acids with achiral TPPS4 monomers controlled by enantiomorphic microvortices allows quantitative detection of racemic or enantiomeric amino acids, through analysis of the sign and magnitude of supramolecular chirality in different outlets of a microfluidic platform. A model demonstrates that chiral microvortices can induce an initial chiral bias by bending the sheet structure, resulting in supramolecular self‐assembly of TPPS4 and amino acids of compatible chirality by the self‐sorting. This sensing system may find versatile applications in chiral sensing.
Facile Synthesis of Hierarchical Hollow CoP@C Composites with Superior Performance for Sodium and Potassium Storage
Authors: Liu Qiannan , Hu Zhe , Liang Yaru , Li Lin , Zou Chao , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Lu Huanming , Gu Qinfen , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Yong , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHierarchical hollow CoP and carbon composites were obtained through a facile synthetic method, where carbonization and phosphorization of the precursor were completed within one single step. The composites are composed of hollow CoP@C spheres, which are further made up of CoP nanoparticles with a thin outer carbon layer. Electrochemical performances of the prepared CoP@C composites as anodes for sodium and potassium storage were evaluated and compared. In situ TEM, in situ synchrotron XRD, and DFT calculations were conducted to study the structural evolution and the interaction between Na/K and CoP during cycling processes. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of conductive carbon layer and hierarchical hollow structure, the as‐prepared CoP@C composites demonstrate superior sodium and potassium storage capability as anode materials for rechargeable batteries.
Synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of novel silicon 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinate derivatives and use as single‐source chemical vapor deposition precursors
Authors: Ma Xiao , Xu Chongying , Mao Zhibiao , Ji Peiyu , Jin Chenggang , Xu Dongsheng , Ding Yuqiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA series of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursors have been synthesized by a single‐step reaction of 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidine and a variety of silicon chlorides. The structures of the 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidinate‐based compounds were verified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, XPS, EI‐MS, and elemental analysis. The thermal stability, transport behavior, and vapor pressures of these compounds were evaluated by simultaneous thermal analyses (STA). These compounds are highly stable and those in liquid form are very volatile. Silicon carbonitride (SiCN) thin films were prepared by using bis (tetramethylguanidine)‐dimethyl‐silane as the precursor in helicon wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (HWP‐CVD). The properties of the films were investigated by SEM, AFM, and XPS. The results showed that the films have good uniformities, low friction coefficient, and high hardness, enabling the films for fabrication of semiconductor devices.
Fabrication and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)—Glycerol—Spinel ferrites flexible membranes
Authors: Shaheen Adel , Haija Mohammad A. , Chamakh Mariem , Assayed Ghada A. I. , Banat Fawzi , Ayesh Ahmad I. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPolymer membranes of ferrites nanoparticles, glycerol, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were fabricated using a solution casting method. Spinel ferrites nanoparticles, CuFe2O4 or ZnFe2O4, and glycerol were used as dopants to control the membranes' electrical conductivity. The morphology, composition, and interaction between PVA and the dopants were investigated byscanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differentialscanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Electrical characterization of the membranes was conducted by impedance spectroscopy using frequencies between 1 and 106 Hz and variable temperatures. The results revealed a negative temperature coefficient of the resistance of the membranes. Additionally, membranes with ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibit higher electrical impedance than those with CuFe2O4 nanoparticles. Therefore, electrical conductivity could be controlled using a suitable dopant's composition and concentration. The membranes presented in this study exhibit semiconducting properties, thus, they have potentials to be utilized in multiple applications including the flexible organic‐based device. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48821.
Catalytic Carbonylation and Carboxylation of Organosulfur Compounds via C−S Cleavage
Authors: Nogi Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed carbonylation with CO gas occupies a privileged position in organic synthesis for the synthesis of carbonyl compounds. Although this attractive and useful chemistry has led many researchers to investigate carbonylative transformations of various organic (pseudo)halides, C−S‐cleaving carbonylation of organosulfur compounds has been fairly limited. Recently, a broad spectrum of C−S‐cleaving transformations has been emerging in the field of cross‐coupling. In light of the importance of carbonyl compounds as well as considerable advancement for employing organosulfur compounds as competent surrogates of (pseudo)halides, carbonylative transformations of C−S bonds should be of high value. This Minireview focuses on catalytic C−S carbonylation of organosulfur compounds with CO or its equivalents. In addition, reductive carboxylation of C−S bonds with CO2 is described.
Crustal torsional oscillations inside the deeper pasta structures
Authors: Sotani Hajime 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) have been discovered in the afterglow of the giant flares observed in the soft‐gamma repeaters. As QPOs are strongly associated with the neutron star oscillations, one could extract the neutron star properties via identification of QPOs as specific neutron star oscillations. In this study, we take into account the torsional oscillations inside the phase composed of cylindrical holes (tubes) and spherical holes (bubbles), which correspond to the inner layer in the neutron star crust. We remark that such oscillations are independent of the oscillations inside the phase composed of spherical and cylindrical nuclei, which correspond to the outer layer. Then, we find that all the observed QPOs can be explained with torsional oscillations excited in either layer, which is consistent with the severe constraint on the slope parameter, L, of nuclear symmetry energy as L ≃ 58 − 73 MeV obtained in our previous study.
The regular dynamics through the finite‐time Lyapunov exponent distributions in 3D Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Taani Ali , Abushattal Ahmad , Mardini Mohammad K. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigate the application as a technique of the so‐called finite‐time Lyapunov exponent, a scalar value that measures the average, or integrated, separation between trajectories in integrable dynamical systems to quantify the predictability limit of the asymptotic global behavior of old compact star systems (1–10 Gyr), for instance, neutron stars. For this purpose, the Hamiltonian systems with a three‐dimensional self‐gravitating axisymmetric potential are superimposed due to the influence of different birth and kick velocity distributions. We find the behavior of the density distributions P(x) for the finite‐time exponents, which follow a log‐normal distribution (transformed into a Gaussian distribution), with a given mean deviation centered around the global values, at larger Δt. It is shown that simple models of distributions reflect the underlying dynamics. We also analyze the predictability and the deviation vector ω(t), obtained from the distributions, by randomly selecting the initial deviation directions, and consequently the stellar dynamic stability of the periodic orbits, in three‐dimensional (3D) Hamiltonian systems over time. The behavior of the orbits is strongly influenced by the regular nature of the motion.
Anti‐interleukin‐17A and anti‐interleukin‐23 antibodies may be effective against Alzheimer's disease: Role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis
Authors: Katayama Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite the remarkable progress achieved in the research on Alzheimer's disease (AD), its exact pathogenesis is not fully understood and effective therapies do not currently exist. In order to find effective therapy for AD, I ranged extensively over the literature and found an important paper by Tiffany and colleagues.Results and ConclusionNeuroinflammation has been proposed as a possible cause or driving force of AD. The discovery by Tiffany et al. that amyloid β (Aβ) is a formylpeptide receptor 2 agonist indicated that Aβ is a potent chemoattractant for phagocytic leukocytes. Therefore, in all likelihood Aβ attracts peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes, as well as microglia cells in brain parenchyma, and activates them. However, the role of microglia cells and their precursor monocytes in AD pathogenesis remains elusive. Recently, neutrophils were found to be present in areas with Aβ deposits in AD brain and in transgenic AD model mice. Because brain is vulnerable to the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophils secrete a large amount of ROS, neutrophils look like a driving force of AD. Therefore, a possibility arises that anti‐IL‐17A and anti‐IL‐23 antibodies are effective against AD, because these antibodies can be thought to interfere with neutrophil trafficking from the bone marrow to the blood circulation and thus inhibit neutrophil infiltration into AD brain. Clinical studies using anti‐IL‐17A and anti‐IL‐23 antibodies in patients with AD are required.
Corporate environmental performance, environmental management and firm risk
Authors: Xue Bai , Zhang Zhuang , Li Pingli 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing a sample of 1,632 U.K. firm‐year observations from 2002 to 2013, this paper investigates the impact of multidimensional corporate environmental performance (CEP) on firm risk. Considering two dimensions of CEP, namely environmental management performance (EMP) and environmental operational performance (EOP), we find that EMP serves as an effective mechanism in reducing firm risk, and such an effect is mainly driven by the manufacturing sector. Meanwhile, there is no clear association between EOP and firm risk. However, our findings highlight a moderating effect of EOP on the relationship between negative EMP and firm risk. This provides new insights into the value of multidimensional CEP and suggests that the complex relationship between outcome‐ and process‐based environmental performance is important for understanding the real effects of CEP on firm risk. Our results have important implications for managerial decision‐making in strategy and risk management, as well as for policymaking in environmental regulation.
Investigation and circumvention of transfection inhibition by ferric ammonium citrate in serum‐free media for Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Capella Roca Berta , Lao Nga T. , Clynes Martin , Doolan Padraig 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile reliable transfection methods are essential for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line engineering, reduced transfection efficiencies have been observed in several commercially prepared media. In this study, we aimed to assess common media additives that impede efficiency mediated by three chemical transfection agents: liposomal‐based (Lipofectamine 2000), polymer‐based (TransIT‐X2), and lipopolyplex‐based (TransIT‐PRO). An in‐house GFP‐expressing vector and serum‐free medium (BCR‐F12: developed for the purposes of this study) were used to analyze transient transfection efficiencies of three CHO cell lines (CHO‐K1, DG44, DP12). Compared to a selection of commercially available media, BCR‐F12 displayed challenges associated with transfection in vendor‐prepared formulations, with no detection when liposomal‐based methods were used, reduced (<3%) efficiency observed when polymer‐based methods were used and only limited efficiency (25%) with lipopolyplexes. Following a stepwise removal protocol, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) was identified as the critical factor impeding transfection, with transfection enabled with the liposomal‐ and polymer‐based methods and a 1.3‐ to 7‐fold increased lipopolyplex efficiency observed in all cell lines in FAC‐depleted media (−FAC), although lower viabilities were observed. Subsequent early addition of FAC (0.5–5 hr post‐transfection) revealed 0.5 hr post‐transfection as the optimal time to supplement in order to achieve transfection efficiencies similar to −FAC medium while retaining optimal cellular viabilities. In conclusion, FAC was observed to interfere with DNA transfection acting at early stages in all transfection agents and all cell lines studied, and a practical strategy to circumvent this problem is suggested.