bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden treasure of the Gobi: understanding how water limits range use of khulan in the Mongolian Gobi
Authors: Payne John C. , Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar , Bowler Diana E. , Olson Kirk A. , Walzer Chris , Kaczensky Petra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMost large herbivores in arid landscapes need to drink which constrains their movements and makes them vulnerable to disturbance. Asiatic wild ass or khulan (Equus hemionus) were widespread and abundant throughout the arid landscapes of Central Asia and Mongolia, but have undergone dramatic population declines and range constrictions; denying khulan access to water is believed to have played a major role. Mongolia’s South Gobi Region now houses the world largest remaining khulan population, but is undergoing rapid land use changes. Khulan water use is poorly understood, largely due to the difficulty of mapping waterpoints used by khulan throughout their exceptionally large ranges, prone to high variations in precipitation. We used the special movement path characteristics of GPS tagged khulan to show us where water is located. We identified 367 waterpoints, 53 of which were of population importance, characterized the seasonal and circadian use, and identified snow cover as the most important variable predicting khulan visits during the non-growing season, and vegetation greenness during the growing season. Our results provide a data layer to help guide a regional khulan conservation strategy, allow predictions for other part of the global khulan range, and illustrates the overall importance of waterpoints for dryland herbivores.
Chrysin alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation and reduces the release of CCL20 and antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Li Hsin-Ju , Wu Nan-Lin , Pu Chi-Ming , Hsiao Chien-Yu , Chang Der-Chen , Hung Chi-Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPsoriasis is a common non-contagious chronic inflammatory skin lesion, with frequent recurrence. It mainly occurs due to aberrant regulation of the immune system leading to abnormal proliferation of skin cells. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of psoriasis are not fully understood. Although most of the current therapies are mostly efficient, the side effects can result in therapy stop, which makes the effectiveness of treatment strategies limited. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to develop novel therapeutics. Here, we investigated the efficacy of chrysin, a plant flavonoid, which we previously reported to possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, against psoriasis-like inflammation. Our results revealed that chrysin significantly attenuated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice, and improved imiquimod-induced disruption of skin barrier. Moreover, the TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-22-induced phosphorylation of MAPK and JAK-STAT pathways, and activation of the NF-κB pathway were also attenuated by chrysin pretreatment of epidermal keratinocytes. Most importantly, chrysin reduced TNF-α-, IL-17A-, and IL-22-induced CCL20 and antimicrobial peptide release from epidermal keratinocytes. Thus, our findings indicate that chrysin may have therapeutic potential against inflammatory skin diseases. Our study provides a basis for further investigating chrysin as a novel pharmacologic agent and contributes to the academic advancement in the field of Chinese herbal medicine.
Hybrid low‐k spacer scheme for advanced FinFET technology parasitic capacitance reduction
Authors: Gu M. , Wang X. , Li W. , Aquilino M. , Peng J. , Wang H. , Jaeger D. , Tabakman K. , Carter R. , Hu O. , Ma W. , Joshi M. , Lee L. 
Published: February 2020

Low‐dielectric constant (low‐k) material is critical for advanced FinFET technology parasitic capacitance reduction to enable low‐power and high‐performance applications. Silicon Oxycarbonnitride (SiOCN) is one of the most promising low‐k materials for FinFET gate sidewall spacer. The k value of SiOCN can be controlled in the range of 4.1–5.2 by modifying the chemical contents during the deposition process. However, the integration of SiOCN with k value lower than 5.2 for advanced FinFET technology faces substantial challenges associated with the material damage from subsequent manufacturing processes. Here, the authors demonstrate a hybrid low‐k spacer scheme on a fully integrated 7 nm FinFET technology platform, in which SiOCN with k value of 4.5 was successfully integrated along the sidewalls of the gate electrode as spacer while retaining the structural integrity and dielectric properties. Device characterisation on the hybrid low‐k spacer scheme (k = 4.5) demonstrated 12/11% reduction in P/NFET overlap capacitance (COV) and 3% reduction in ring oscillator effective capacitance (CEFF) in comparison to the baseline reference using SiOCN with k value of 5.2 as spacer. Furthermore, reliability characterisation confirmed the dielectric breakdown voltage (VBD) and leakage current (ILKG) of the hybrid low‐k spacer (k = 4.5) were comparable to the baseline reference (k = 5.2), meeting the technology requirements.
Optimising models for prediction of tropospheric scintillation on satellite links
Authors: Pérez‐García N.A. , Rivas F.R. , Rujano L.M. , Pinto A.D. , Torres J.M. , Aguilar‐Castro J. , Ramírez E.J. , Vélez‐Zapata J. 
Published: February 2020

A phenomenon that also causes impairment in the received signal strength of the RF signal in satellite links operating at frequencies above 10 GHz, especially in those systems that operate at higher frequencies with small fade margins, is the tropospheric scintillation that occurs in the lower layer of the troposphere. In order to estimate the intensity, i.e. the variance between the scintillation amplitude fluctuations, there are several models in the literature, whose accuracy depends on the locality in which the models are implemented. In this Letter, new models are developed for the prediction of tropospheric scintillation that adjusts to localities in Spain, specifically Madrid city, based on measurements of the aforementioned phenomenon reported from Spain and the bios‐inspired technique Cuckoo Search (CS). The results obtained, evaluated in terms of the root mean square error, were totally satisfactory, being the most outstanding cases the improved versions of the Ortgies‐T, Statistical Temperature and Humidity 2 and Statistical Temperature and Refractivity 2 models.
Modelling of large‐sized electrolysers for real‐time simulation and study of the possibility of frequency support by electrolysers
Authors: Tuinema Bart W. , Adabi Ebrahim , Ayivor Patrick K.S. , García Suárez Víctor , Liu Lian , Perilla Arcadio , Ahmad Zameer , Rueda Torres José Luis , van der Meijden Mart A.M.M. , Palensky Peter 
Published: February 2020

Hydrogen as an energy carrier holds promising potential for future power systems. An excess of electrical power from renewables can be stored as hydrogen, which can be used at a later moment by industries, households or the transportation system. The stability of the power system could also benefit from electrolysers as these have the potential to participate in frequency and voltage support. Although some electrical models of small electrolysers exist, practical models of large electrolysers have not been described in literature yet. In this publication, a generic electrolyser model is developed in RSCAD, to be used in real‐time simulations on the real‐time digital simulator. This model has been validated against field measurements of a 1 MW pilot electrolyser installed in the northern part of The Netherlands. To study the impact of electrolysers on power system stability, various simulations have been performed. These simulations show that electrolysers have a positive effect on frequency stability, as electrolysers are able to respond faster to frequency deviations than conventional generators.
Affectivity in the #jesuisCharlie Twitter discussion
Authors: Johansson Marjut , Laippala Veronika 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Twitter discussion with the hashtag #jesuisCharlie was a large-scale social media event commenting on the
tragic terrorist attack that took place in Paris in 2015. In this paper, we analyze French tweets compiled with language
technology methods from a large dataset. Our qualitative approach determines what types of affectivity are expressed. According to
our results, first, core emotions are shared, and they are based on the identification with the internet meme je suis
Charlie (I am Charlie). In them, participants show their commitment to democratic values and freedom of speech, as
well as grief. They build up a we-agency and togetherness between the networked participants. Second, participants disalign from
those who do not share the same values or who are a threat to them. Here, the emotions range from irritation and doubt to anger
and disgrace, manifesting awayness. They contain protest against how democratic values are violated.
Twister3: a simple and fast microwire twister
Authors: Newman Jonathan P , Voigts Jakob , Borius Maxim , Karlsson Mattias , Harnett Mark T , Wilson Matthew A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective. Twisted wire probes (TWPs, e.g. stereotrodes and tetrodes) provide a cheap and reliable method for obtaining high quality, multiple single-unit neural recordings in freely moving animals. Despite their ubiquity, TWPs are constructed using a tedious procedure
consisting of manually folding, turning, and fusing microwire. This imposes a significant labor burden on research personnel who use TWPs in their experiments. Approach. To address this issue, we created Twister3, an open-source microwire twisting machine.
This machine features a quick-draw wire feeder that eliminates manual wire folding, an auto-aligning motor attachment mechanism which results in consistently straight probes, and a high speed motor for rapid probe turning.
Main results. Twister3 greatly increases the speed and repeatability of constructing twisted microwire
probes compared to existing options. Users with less than one hour of experience using the device were able to make ~70 tetrodes per hour, on average. It is cheap, well documented, and all associated designs and source code are open-source. Significance. Twister3 significantly reduces the labor burden of creating high-quality TWPs so electrophysiologists can spend more of their time performing recordings rather than making probes. Therefore, this device is of interest to any lab performing TWP neural recordings, for example, using microdrives.
Nonstationary distributions and relaxation times in a stochastic model of memristor
Authors: Agudov N V , Safonov A V , Krichigin A V , Kharcheva A A , Dubkov A A , Valenti D , Guseinov D V , Belov A I , Mikhaylov A N , Carollo A , Spagnolo B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We propose a stochastic model for a memristive system by generalizing known approaches and experimental results. We validate our theoretical model by experiments carried out on a memristive device based on multilayer structure. In the framework of the proposed model we obtain the exact analytic expressions for stationary and nonstationary solutions. We analyze the equilibrium and non-equilibrium steady-state distributions of the internal state variable of the memristive system and study the influence of fluctuations on the resistive switching, including the relaxation time to the steady-state. The relaxation time shows a nonmonotonic dependence, with a minimum, on the intensity of the fluctuations. This paves the way for using the intensity of fluctuations as a control parameter for switching dynamics in memristive devices.
Nanopillar and nanohole fabrication via mixed lithography
Authors: Baek Seung Hee , Lee Sunwoong , Bae Ju-Hyun , Hong Chang-Won , Park Mae-Ja , Park Hongsik , Baek Moon-Chang , Nam Sung-Wook 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We report a fabrication method for the production of nanopillar (NP) or nanohole (NH) arrays together with a micrometer-sized structure within a single layer. On a 200 mm silicon wafer, we produced 200–400 nm NP or NH arrays using electron beam lithography (EBL). The EBL patterns on a positive-tone EB resist—either a poly(methyl methacrylate) or chemically semi-amplified resist—were transferred to a hard mask oxide (HMO) layer using reactive-ion etching (RIE), as the first etching step. We used the HMO as an intermediate layer to connect the EB patterns to photolithography patterns. On the EB-patterned HMO layer, large-scale photolithography patterns were produced on a photoresist (PR), and transferred to the HMO layer using the second RIE step. After removing the PR, the mixed EB and photolithography patterns in the HMO layer were transferred to the target layer in the third RIE step. Our method offers an efficient way to combine nanometer-sized EBL patterns with high-throughput photolithography patterns in a single layer.
Erdafitinib: A novel therapy for FGFR-mutated urothelial cancer
Authors: Roubal Kiera , Myint Zin W , Kolesar Jill M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To provide an overview of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene alterations and the pharmacology, clinical effectiveness, dosage and administration, cost, and place in therapy of erdafitinib in bladder cancer.

Summary
Erdafitinib (Balversa, Janssen Pharmaceuticals) is a novel pan-FGFR inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of patients with advanced urothelial cancer with specific FGFR genetic alterations who have received at least one prior platinum-containing regimen. Erdafitinib binding to the FGFR2 and FGFR3 receptors inhibits FGF activity, resulting in cell death. Erdafitinib is available in tablet form, and the current recommended daily dosing is 8 mg, with dose escalation to 9 mg after 14 to 21 days of therapy if tolerated. A phase 2 clinical trial demonstrated that patients who received erdafitinib experienced on average 5.5 months of progression-free survival (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.2-6.0 months). In addition, 40% (95% CI, 31-50%) of patients responded to erdafitinib therapy. Patients receiving erdafitinib therapy should be monitored specifically for elevations in serum phosphate levels and changes in vision. Other adverse effects include anemia, thrombocytopenia, and electrolyte abnormalities.

Conclusion
Erdafitinib is the first small-molecule FGFR inhibitor approved for use in advanced bladder cancer.
Statistical significance of cluster membership for unsupervised evaluation of cell identities
Authors: Chung Neo Christopher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivationSingle-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows us to dissect transcriptional heterogeneity arising from cellular types, spatio-temporal contexts and environmental stimuli. Transcriptional heterogeneity may reflect phenotypes and molecular signatures that are often unmeasured or unknown a priori. Cell identities of samples derived from heterogeneous subpopulations are then determined by clustering of scRNA-seq data. These cell identities are used in downstream analyses. How can we examine if cell identities are accurately inferred? Unlike external measurements or labels for single cells, using clustering-based cell identities result in spurious signals and false discoveries.ResultsWe introduce non-parametric methods to evaluate cell identities by testing cluster memberships in an unsupervised manner. Diverse simulation studies demonstrate accuracy of the jackstraw test for cluster membership. We propose a posterior probability that a cell should be included in that clustering-based subpopulation. Posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs) for cluster memberships can be used to select and visualize samples relevant to subpopulations. The proposed methods are applied on three scRNA-seq datasets. First, a mixture of Jurkat and 293T cell lines provides two distinct cellular populations. Second, Cell Hashing yields cell identities corresponding to eight donors which are independently analyzed by the jackstraw. Third, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are used to explore heterogeneous immune populations. The proposed P-values and PIPs lead to probabilistic feature selection of single cells that can be visualized using principal component analysis (PCA), t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and others. By learning uncertainty in clustering high-dimensional data, the proposed methods enable unsupervised evaluation of cluster membership.Availability and implementationhttps://cran.r-project.org/package=jackstraw.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Composite Kernel Association Test (CKAT) for SNP-set joint assessment of genotype and genotype-by-treatment interaction in Pharmacogenetics studies
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhao Ni , Mehrotra Devan V , Shen Judong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Motivation
It is of substantial interest to discover novel genetic markers that influence drug response in order to develop personalized treatment strategies that maximize therapeutic efficacy and safety. To help enable such discoveries, we focus on testing the association between the cumulative effect of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a particular genomic region and a drug response of interest. However, the currently existing methods are either computational inefficient or not able to control type I error and provide decent power for whole exome or genome analysis in Pharmacogenetics (PGx) studies with small sample sizes.

Results
In this article, we propose the Composite Kernel Association Test (CKAT), a flexible and robust kernel machine-based approach to jointly test the genetic main effect and SNP-treatment interaction effect for SNP-sets in Pharmacogenetics (PGx) assessments embedded within randomized clinical trials. An analytic procedure is developed to accurately calculate the P-value so that computationally extensive procedures (e.g. permutation or perturbation) can be avoided. We evaluate CKAT through extensive simulation studies and application to the gene-level association test of the reduction in Clostridium difficile infection recurrence in patients treated with bezlotoxumab. The results demonstrate that the proposed CKAT controls type I error well for PGx studies, is efficient for whole exome/genome association analysis and provides better power performance than existing methods across multiple scenarios.

Availability and implementation
The R package CKAT is publicly available on CRAN https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/CKAT/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Solidarity Economy Markets as “mobilizational commons”: re-signifying the market through the lens of cooperation
Authors: Esteves Ana Margarida 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article explores an understudied dimension of Solidarity Economy, which is how spaces of community development-oriented commercialization balance the embedment of their activities in cooperative norms and practices, while at the same time mobilizing support from mainstream society and its institutions. The analysis is based on the case study of the Solidarity Economy markets organized by Esperança/Cooesperança, a community development project based in the town of Santa Maria, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It engages the concept of “edge work”, from Social Permaculture Design, in framing Solidarity Economy markets as spaces that manifest Karl Polanyi’s vision of an “active society” in counter-movement to market commodification. This materializes as a reconciliation of cooperative practices with market mechanisms, based on trust-building and political mobilization, among different social sectors and agents, around direct producer-to-consumer exchanges. The analysis frames these markets as “mobilizational commons”: Sites of re-signification of market activity through the engagement of otherwise competing producers in experimenting, enacting and coordinating cooperative practices, as well as of consumers, social movements and the state in the re-framing economic activity over time. It concludes with an analysis of the political limitations to the “edge work” promoted by Esperança/Cooesperança, posed by electoral rotation and political socialization, as well as the suggestion to frame further research on this topic in the context of structural power relations.
EuroEcho 2019: highlights
Authors: Magne Julien , Bharucha Tara , Cikes Maya , Galderisi Maurizio , Price Suzanna , Sade Leyla Elif , Popescu Bogdan A , Cosyns Bernard , Edvardsen Thor 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The annual meeting of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, EuroEcho 2019, was held in Vienna, Austria, in December 2019. In this article, we present a summary of the ‘Highlights’ session.
Obesity and atrial fibrillation: making inroads through fat
Authors: Javed Saad , Gupta Dhiraj , Lip Gregory Y H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions, paralleled by a rise in cases of atrial fibrillation (AF). Data from epidemiological cohorts support the role of obesity as an independent risk factor for AF. Increasing evidence indicates that obesity may contribute to the AF substrate through a number of pathways including by altering epicardial adipose tissue biology, inflammatory pathways, structural cardiac remodelling, and inducing atrial fibrosis. Due to changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, specific therapeutic considerations are required to guide management of patients with AF including anticoagulation and rhythm control. Also, weight loss in patients with AF has been associated with reduced progression from paroxysmal to persistent AF and indeed regression from persistent to proximal AF. However, the role of dietary intervention in AF control remains to be fully elucidated and hard prospective outcome data to support weight loss are required in AF to determine its role as part of a comprehensive risk factor management strategy for AF in obese patients.