bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of pragmatic same-day ring prophylaxis for adult individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland (COPEP): protocol of an open-label cluster randomised trial
Authors: Smit Mikaela , Marinosci Annalisa , Nicoletti Giovanni Jacopo , Perneger Thomas , Ragozzino Silvio , Andrey Diego O , Stoeckle Marcel , Jacquerioz Frederique , Lebowitz Dan , Agoritsas Thomas , Meyer Benjamin , Spechbach Herve , Salamun Julien , Back Moritz , Schaubhut Carla , Fuchs Simon , Decosterd Laurent , Battegay Manuel , Guessous Idris , Chappuis François , Kaiser Laurent , Labhardt Niklaus D , Calmy Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionLopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) has been proposed as repurposed drugs for pre-exposure and postexposure prophylaxis as well as therapy of COVID-19. Coronavirus postexposure prophylaxis (COPEP) trial aims at assessing their efficacy as postexposure ring-prophylaxis among adults exposed to SARS-CoV-2.Methods and analysisCOPEP is a two-arm open-label cluster-randomised trial conducted in three cantons of Switzerland. Asymptomatic contacts (≥16 years) of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 will be randomised (2:1) to either LPV/r (400 mg/100 mg two times per day) for 5 days, or a standard of care arm (no treatment). Asymptomatic individuals may be either SARS-CoV-2 positive or negative. Contacts living in the single household will form a cluster and will be randomised into the same arm. All participants will be followed-up for 21 days and undergo daily monitoring for COVID-19 symptoms. The primary endpoint is 21-day incidence of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with ≥1 compatible symptom, analysed in an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The secondary endpoints include the 21-day incidence of COVID-19 as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection in a modified ITT analysis, excluding participants who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR from oropharyngeal swab and/or a positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG serology at baseline. Assuming a 21-day incidence for COVID-19 of 20% among contacts without postexposure chemoprophylaxis, to detect a relative risk reduction of 60% (ie, translating in an absolute reduction from 20% to 8%), with a power of 80%, an alpha of 5%. Accounting for design effect of cluster design of circa 1.1, we plan to enrol 200 participants to the LPV/r arm and 100 to the standard of care arm, 300 participants in total.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been granted by the Commission Cantonale d’Ethique de la Recherche, Ethikkommission Nordwest- und Zentralschweiz and Comitato Etico Cantonale (ref 2020-00864) and Swissmedic (2020DR3056). Results from this trial will be disseminated via journal articles and presentations at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov Registry (NCT04364022); Swiss National Clinical Trial Portal Registry (SNCTP 000003732).Registered report identifierCCER 2020-0864.
User redesign, testing and evaluation of the Monitoring Risk and Improving System Safety (MoRISS) checklist for the general practice work environment
Authors: Bowie Paul , de Wet Carl , Crickett Tracey , McCulloch Jan , Young Pauline , Freestone John , Watson Paul , Houston Neil , Gillies Jill , McNab Duncan 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundInadequate checking of safety-critical issues can compromise care quality in general practice (GP) work settings. Adopting a systemic, methodical approach may lead to improved standardisation of processes and reliability of task performance, strengthening the safety systems concerned. This study aimed to revise, modify and test the content and relevance of a previously validated safety checklist to the current GP context.MethodsA multimethod study was undertaken in Scottish GP involving: consensus building workshops with users and ‘experts’ to revise checklist content; regional testing of the modified checklist and follow-up usability evaluation survey of users. Quantitative data underwent descriptive statistical analyses and selected survey free-text comments are presented.ResultsA redesigned checklist tool consisting of eight themes (eg, medication safety) and 61 items (eg, out-of-date stock is appropriately disposed) was agreed by 53 users/experts with items reclassified as: mandatory (n=25), essential (n=24) and advisory (n=12). Totally 42/55 GPs tested the tool and submitted checklist data (76.4%). The mean aggregated results demonstrated 92.0% compliance with all 61 checklist items (range: 83.0%–98.0%) and 25/42 GP managers responded to the survey (59.5%) and reported high mean levels of agreement on the usefulness of the checklist (77.0%), ease of use (89.0%), learnability (94.0%) and satisfaction (78.4%).ConclusionsThe checklist was comprehensively redesigned as a practical safety monitoring and improvement tool for potential implementation in Scottish GP. Testing and evaluation demonstrated high levels of checklist content compliance and strong usability feedback, but some variation was evident indicating room for improvement in current safety-critical checking processes. The checklist should be of interest in similar GP settings internationally and to other areas of primary care practice.
Pituitary macroadenoma leading to hypogonadism in a dog
Authors: Tørnqvist‐Johnsen Camilla , Woods Glynn A , Tan Yi Lin , Schwarz Tobias , Blackwood Laura , Mellanby Richard J , Salavati Silke 
Published: November 2020

A six‐year‐old male entire dachshund presented for investigation of decreased testicular size noted over the last six months and progressive lethargy for two months. Apart from small symmetrical testicles and a small prostate gland, physical examination revealed no abnormalities. Neurological examination was repeatably normal. Extensive diagnostic investigations for extracranial disease with a focus on reproductive and metabolic‐endocrine disorders revealed no abnormalities. Decreased testosterone (0.2 nmol/l) with inappropriately low luteinising hormone (<0.7 iu/l) and follicle stimulating hormone (2.1 ng/ml) in comparison with six other male entire dogs was detected. Based on the exclusion of all other conditions, intracranial disease was suspected. MRI of the head revealed a 2 × 1.8 × 1.5 cm mass arising from the pituitary fossa. Radiotherapy (12 fractions of 4 Gy, three days per week for four weeks, three‐dimensional conformal plan, 6 MV) and pain relief resulted in resolution of lethargy. Twelve months after initial diagnosis, the dog was asymptomatic, while the testicles remained small.
Superheavy dark matter in $$R+R^2$$ cosmology with conformal anomaly
Authors: Arbuzova E. V. , Dolgov A. D. , Singh R. S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCosmological evolution and particle creation in $$R^2$$

R
2

-modified gravity are considered for the case of the dominant decay of the scalaron into a pair of gauge bosons due to conformal anomaly. It is shown that in the process of thermalization superheavy dark matter with the coupling strength typical for the GUT SUSY can be created. Such dark matter would have the proper cosmological density if the particle mass is close to $$10^{12}$$

10
12

GeV.
Abstract 14094: Gender Difference in Covid-19 Test Status and Disease Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Nedeltcheva Arlet V , Doukky Rami 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Heart failure is a common health problem in older patients. As part of quality improvement study we analyzed the data of Heart failure patients admitted for COVID-19 infection in Cook County Health, Stroger Academic Hospital between March 19 and May 27, 2020.

Hypothesis:
1. To test if all patient admitted for Covid-19 will test positive. 2. To test if there is gender difference in the Heart failure patients affected by Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods:
Quality improvement clinical research.

Results:
For the period stated 74 patients with Heart failure were admitted for treatment of Covid-19 viral infection (31% female vs. 69% male), ages 29 to 88 (Mean 61+/-12).

From all Heart failure patients admitted for COVID-19 only 42% tested Covid-19 positive (19% female vs. 81% male).Table:1
From all Heart failure patients admitted (74) there were 3 deaths and they were in patients who tested positive for Covid-19. Their medical condition was complicated by severe comorbidity as HIV, multi-organ metastatic cancer, one patient had DNR/DNI status.
From the Heart failure patients admitted for Covid-19 symptoms 96% went home with improved health.

Conclusions:
Our analysis indicates that there is gender difference in magnitude Covid-19 virus affects Heart Failure patients and in their health outcome. This data may be used as base for individualized health care approach.
Abstract 17137: Risk Factors for New-onset Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Valve Replacement in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients - Results From the Swedish Renal Registry
Authors: Vavilis Georgios , Back Magnus , Barany Peter , Szummer Karolina 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Risk of aortic valve calcification increases in CKD. The incidence and the risk of new-onset AS among dialysis patients (DP) remains unknown.

Objectives:
We aimed to evaluate the IR and predictors of AS and AVR in DP.

Methods:
All DP (n= 14,054) in the national Swedish Renal Registry between 1993-2018, with no prior AS or AVR, were included. AS was defined by ICD-10 codes or surgical procedure codes.

Results:
During a median follow-up time of 2.8 years (IQR 1.1-5.7), 596 (4.2%) DP were diagnosed with AS; IR of 15/1000 (95% CI: 13-16/1000) p-y (Figure 1a). AVR was done in 113 (0.8%) patients; IR 2/1000 p-y (95% CI:2-3/1000) Figure 1b. DP with new-onset AS were older (70.4±11 vs 64.8±15.3, p<0.001), males (76% vs 66%, p<0.001), had AF (19% vs 15%, p=0.010), hypertension (97 % vs 95%, p=0.033) and CAD ((23.3% vs 19%, p=0.008). There was no difference in the risk for AS between hemo-or peritoneal dialysis (HR 1.1, 95%CI: 0.64-1.15 p=0.32). In adjusted Cox models, only male gender (HR 1.44, 95 CI 1.18- 1.76) and AF (HR 1.34, CI 1.07 - 1.67) were associated with new-onset AS. Patients undergoing AVR were comparable in age with the entire cohort (64 ±10 vs 65±15, p=0.51), but had less often HF (7.1% vs 13.6%, p=0.041) and PAD (3.5% vs 11.2%, p=0.011) (Table 1). In adjusted Cox models, only male gender (HR 1.97, 95%CI: 1.12 - 3.46) was associated with AVR.

Conclusions:
Both new-onset AS diagnosis and AVR in DP is associated with male gender.

Kaplan-Meier curves with overall cumulative incidence of:Figure 1a. New onset AS in DP. Log-rank (p<0.0000) test.
Figure 1b. Of AVR. Log-rank (p<0.000) test. Both outcomes were censored at time of death or renal transplantation
Toward a Dialectic of Discrepant Cosmopolitanisms
Authors: El Zein Rayya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The opening of dozens of pubs, cafés and bars catering to an alternative ‘youth’ clientele illustrates how Ramallah, Beirut and Amman have benefited from a post-2008 investment boom that curates leisure and cultural production with bohemian, DIY and other ‘counterculture’ aesthetics. Yet, social expectations and price points in these venues often betray the supposedly progressive politics of these ventures. In this article, I acknowledge that it would be easy to dismiss this cosmopolitan growth and the patterns of policing behavior they impose as an exclusionary and problematic ‘gentrification-as-liberation.’ But such a critique would miss the opportunity to engage the affective and social struggle over visions of a social future enacted by urban Arab youth in their choices of leisure consumption. I argue that being able to cogently critique gentrifying processes in these cities means we must first understand the development of counterculture and counter discourse as necessarily dialectical. The micro-negotiations between competing or discrepant cosmopolitanisms offer important insight into sociopolitical discourse and cosmopolitan feeling in urban centers that did not, in large part, witness sustained mass protests in the years following the Arab uprisings.
The Theory of Peasant Economy and Involution and De-involution
Authors: Huang Philip C. C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Today, thirty-five years after this author first wrote about involution, and at a time when that term and concept have come to be commonly used by many people, this article revisits that term to explain more clearly and succinctly its meaning and also to add to it contributions made by other scholars as well as by this author’s own further research, including new research on the de-involution of the past few decades in China, and analyses of the mechanisms and theoretical logics contained therein. Because China’s peasant economy has been the longest-lasting and largest in the world, perhaps also the most highly involuted, and its recent changes, including de-involution, make up the most dramatic example of the modernization of a peasant economy, it serves to explain most clearly the principles and mechanisms of change, and shows just how different those are from the Western historical experience of transition from feudalism to capitalism. Furthermore, peasant economy, not just in China but also in many other developing countries, has been the source most recently of the rise globally of an enormous informal economy—of labor that has little or no legal protection or benefits, according to the definition of the International Labor Organization—now reaching one-half to three-quarters of all urban employment in many developing countries, and more in China than anywhere else. That too is directly connected to the peasant economy and its background of involution and de-involution. At the moment, China’s future direction on this matter is at once full of uncertainties and of exciting promises.
Informal Economy in Shanghai’s Suburban Villages: Local Society and the Dilemma of Governance
Authors: Zhang Jianlei , Xiong Wansheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The rise of the informal economy has profoundly changed the social structure of rural society in Shanghai’s suburbs, leading to the phenomenon of the “defamiliarization” of the “society of the familiar.” As a result, local governments have lost the conventional resources and means to govern the risks posed by migrants working in the informal economy and, what is more, the model of minimalist governance itself has failed. In order to deal effectively with the risks to governance posed by the informal economy, local governments have tried persistently to strengthen their control over rural society through the expansion of administrative power and village organizations under their high-pressure system of governance. The goal of governance has been to compress and transform the production space of the informal economy, and integrate the large number of informal workers into the formal administrative management system. However, informal workers, who cannot be formalized because of the inherently informal nature of their work, face the prospect of eventually losing their livelihood space. Their lives have become more precarious and unstable since informal economic activity has continued to shrink.
Ordinary Language Philosophy in Aarhus
Authors: Christensen Martin Ejsing , Bohl Thomas 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the way in which Ordinary Language Philosophy came to exert an important influence on the work done at Aarhus University’s department of philosophy in the latter half of the 20th century. The first section depicts the rise of Ordinary Language Philosophy as an international movement centered around Oxford in the wake of World War ii. The second section goes on to describe how it was brought to Aarhus by Professor Justus Hartnack, who had been deeply influenced by the movement during stays abroad in the UK and the US. The following three sections move on to describe some of the important ways in which Ordinary Language Philosophy has influenced the work of three of Hartnack’s most prominent students (Hans Fink, Uffe Juul Jensen and Jørgen Husted), who have influenced the life of the department in crucial ways from the 1970s until recently. Finally, the paper ends by briefly assessing the legacy and contemporary influence of Ordinary Language Philosophy in Aarhus.
<p><strong>Validation of the name <em>Mitreola crystallina</em> (Loganiaceae), a new species endemic to southwestern China</strong></p>
Authors: YOU JIAN-RONG , RAN JUAN , LIU CHENG , SHUI YU-MIN , LI JIA-XIANG , WU LEI 
Published: November 2020

Mitreola crystallina was proposed in 2006, but not valid. Here, we validate the name by giving a complete description, diagnosis, and illustration as a new species of Loganiaceae. Morphologically, it is most similar to M. pedicellata, but can be distinguished by its stems erect (vs. creeping), corolla lobes blue (vs. white), and stamens inserted at or near base of the corolla tube (vs. middle to nearly mouth of corolla tube). It is endemic to the shady cliffs of limestone forests of Malipo County, southwest China. The conservation status was assessed as data deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. And a key to species of Mitreola in China is provided.
CT findings after left renal vein division during abdominal aortic surgery
Authors: Lee Hyoung Nam , Hyun Dongho , Park Kwang Bo , Do Young Soo , Kim Dong-Ik , Kim Hyun-joo , Heo Nam Hun 
Published: November 2020

Background The rationale behind left renal vein division (LRVD) is the assumption that adequate collateral draining channels will develop. Purpose To describe computed tomography (CT) findings after LRVD during aortic surgery. Material and Methods Among 61 consecutive patients who underwent LRVD during aneurysm repair or revascularization for aortic occlusive disease between January 2003 and December 2017, 51 patients (40 men, mean age 71.4 ± 8.4 years) were enrolled. Contrast-enhanced CT images were analyzed to evaluate collateral drainage, patency, left renal vein diameter, and left renal parenchymal thickness. A total of 115 radiologic reports were reviewed to check whether these findings were accurately mentioned. Results The median time period of the first postoperative follow-up CT was 36 days (range 7–1351 days). The gonadal vein (n = 47) was the most common collateral draining channel, followed by the retroperitoneal veins (n = 42) and adrenal vein (n = 33). Thrombosis occurred in five patients between postoperative days 7 and 17 in the remnant renal vein (n = 3), remnant renal vein plus gonadal and adrenal veins (n = 1), and gonadal vein (n = 1). There was a significant decrease in renal vein diameter (–0.48 ± 2.12 mm, P = 0.006). There was no significant difference in parenchymal thickness (−0.25 ± 1.27 mm, P = 0.193). Neither LRVD nor any associated findings were correctly stated on radiologic reports. Conclusion Postoperative contrast-enhanced CT can delineate collateral draining channels and complications following LRVD. However, these findings tend to be either missed or misinterpreted.
Predictors of inflammatory activity in treatment-naive hepatitis B e-antigen-negative patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Hu Jianhua , Wang Yong , Jiang Gongying , Zheng Jie , Chen Tuxiang , Chen Zhiping , Yang Meifang , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Hong , Li Lanjuan 
Published: November 2020

Objective Liver inflammatory activity staging is critical to guide the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection. Here, we aimed to identify practical clinical biomarkers of moderate inflammatory activity in hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB patients. Methods Treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy at our hospital from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2016 were enrolled. Markers of inflammatory activity were analyzed using binary logistic regression. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROCC) was used to assess diagnostic accuracy. Results A total of 106 HBeAg-negative treatment-naive CHB patients were enrolled. According to their METAVIR inflammatory scores, 30.2% of patients were in stage ≥A2. Total triiodothyronine (TT3) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels were predictors of moderate inflammatory activity (A ≥ 2). The AUROCCs of TT3 and HBV DNA levels were 0.651 and 0.797, respectively. The optimal cut-off values for TT3 and HBV DNA were 1.755 nmol/L and 4.61 log10 IU/mL, respectively. Conclusions A sizable proportion of treatment-naive HBeAg-negative CHB patients required antiviral treatment (30.2%) after undergoing liver biopsy. TT3 and HBV DNA helps identify patients with moderate inflammatory activity (A ≥ 2), potentially reducing the need for liver biopsies and helping guide treatment of CHB patients.
Prevalence and associated factors of medication nonadherence among Thai patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sae-lim Orawan , Laobandit Intouch , Kitchanwit Punyawee , Laichapis Manthana , Siripaitoon Boonjing 
Published: November 2020

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease requiring complex treatment strategies to prevent disease flare ups and to reduce hospitalizations. Medication adherence is the main concern for improving patient outcomes. Although various studies on medication nonadherence for SLE have been conducted, no definite conclusions have been reached. Objective To quantify the prevalence of medication nonadherence among patients with SLE and to analyse the associated factors. Methods A prospective, self-reported questionnaire study was conducted in Songklanagarind Hospital. Patient aged 18 years or older, who had an established diagnosis of SLE, and who had been receiving medications for at least 6 months, were included in the study. Medication adherence was assessed through a visual analogue scale (VAS) and through the medication-taking behaviour measure for Thai patients (MTB-Thai) scale. Results One hundred and seventy-two SLE patients were enrolled in the study. Most SLE patients were young to middle aged (56.40%) and had no clinical disease activity (67.4%), as assessed by a clinical SLEDAI score. Nonadherence rates were 32% and 25.3% by VAS and the MTB-Thai scale, respectively. Patients aged 55 years or older, who used the universal coverage of health care system, who used multiple medications (>10 pills/day), and who had a good attitude towards the disease were associated with a low risk of nonadherence. Conclusion Up to 25% SLE patients poorly adhered to their prescriptions. Age, reimbursement scheme, pill number, and attitude towards SLE were associated with nonadherence in our patients with SLE.