bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epistemology and Creativity in Architecture
Authors: El-Eqapy Ahmed Hashim , Al asadi Daood Salim Resen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
General visions in the architectural field shared many concepts. There are numerous indicators for dealing with these concepts, in addition to communicating with deeper areas that formed a source for scientific addition to them. Epistemology is one of these concepts that represent a necessary and essential field and has a fundamental value of knowledge. Epistemology can represent an intellectual expansion to any other field. Therefore, the scope for this study was to investigate influence of that field through its basic concept (epistemology), with common implicit idea of architecture, in addition to clarifying the state of relationship between the two main terms of the research.
This research aims to define and study the general frameworks of basic research concepts of epistemology and creativity and their interconnections within architectural propositions to identify their fundamental indicators within a specific theoretical framework that is formed for this purpose after proposing the research problem. The research problem was represented by the weak clarity of cognitive perception correlation between the concepts of epistemology and creativity, and impact of this correlation in architecture, up to applying the terms and indicators of the theoretical framework to an elected and specific architectural product, and then to present, analyze, and discuss the results of that application, reaching to final conclusions. The outcomes have revealed the significant influence of the indicators of general conceptual frameworks for the epistemology relationship with creativity versus the more substantial impact of interactive and detailed structures for that relationship.
Measurement of the density and the composition of the upper atmosphere by the Electron-Ion trap sensor
Authors: Mohammed Al Kadhimi Ali Noori 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article explains the design of the electron-ion trap sensor for measuring the density and the composition of the upper atmosphere. The simulation of the electric field between the trap electrodes and the charged particles motion in it is carried out. The calculation of the maximum energy and speed of the particles below which the trap holds all charged particles, even in the case of the most unfavorable direction of their speed-along the gap between the electrodes. It is shown that this critical energy does not depend on the mass of the particle, and the probability of charged particles passage with an energy more than the critical energy through the trap is estimated [1].
Flashback and combustion stability in swirl burners: review paper
Authors: Hasan Karrar S. , Abd Al-wahid Wisam A. , Khwayyir H. H. S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Flame flashback phenomena and combustion stability in a swirl burners represent the major of instability problems that lead to causing a considerable damage to combustion systems as well as the pollution troubles. Recently, researchers suggested many techniques in order to enhancing flame flashback resistance especially against a combustion induced vortex breakdown mechanism in addition to boundary layer flashback. Therefore, the present paper represent a general review about flashback and combustion stability in swirl burners to be as a scientific reference for researchers in this field.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Reed Fiber Cement Board
Authors: Jaafer Balsam Saad , Majeed Amer Hameed , Kadhim Mohammed J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work fibers of dry reed was used a reinforcing material to produce cement boards after being chemically treated in order to enhance the bonding between mortar and fiber and prevent the dissociation of the composite material with time. (2%,4%,6%,8%) percentages of reed fiber was mixed for every Reed fiber size (300μ,150μ,75μ)
The curing period was 14 days, physical and mechanical tests were performed according to ASTM standard c-1185.
Different variation in results observed by changing fiber content and fiber size. The results showed an enhancement in density, thermal insulation, by increasing reed fiber content and decreasing in size, while its shows an increasing in moisture content and water absorption by increasing reed content because reed is one type of soft wood, the wood property is absorbing and keeping moisture. The best dry and wet flexural strength is in 8 wt% of 150μ reed fiber.
Investigate and Compare Software-Defined Network Controllers for UAV Networks Management
Authors: Al-Gboury Hussein Ali , Al-Talib Sahar Abdulaziz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles that abbreviates (UAVs) are flying platforms, known as drones, which have features such as mobility, adaptive altitude and flexibility. UAVs admit numerous applications that can be used as aerial base stations to enhance coverage, capacity, and energy efficiency of wireless networks. On the other hand, UAVs can operate as flying mobile terminals within a cellular network. Such cellular-connected UAVs can enable several applications ranging from real-time video streaming to item delivery. A Software Defined Network (SDN) Controller is the application that acts as a strategic control point in a software-defined network. It is the ’brain’ of the network. Controller manages flow control to the routers/switches ‘under’ (via southbound APIs), the business logic and applications ’above’ (via northbound APIs) to deploy intelligent networks. Wireless networking with software defined (SDWN) is the use of SDN conceptions in wireless networks by using a controller in the control plane. SDWN facilitates the creation of new adaptive mechanisms according to various applications and user requirements, such as mobility, handover, security and quality of service (QoS). In this paper, simulation work has been conducted to compare and investigate four SDN controllers (Pox, Ryu, Floodlight and OpenDaylight) in order to see which one is suitable to be used. Mininet-Wifi has been selected as the simulation tool to do the experiments and Python script for programming. The results obtained reveals that Ryu controller is the best selection in terms of latency and packet loss.
Evaluation of the Groundwater Quality for Irrigation: Case Study of Hilla district, Babylon Province, Iraq
Authors: Chabuk A , Al-Maliki A , Al-Ansari N , Laue J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A crisis of water scarcity in the world encouraged researchers, especially in the arid areas to know the nature and quality of all its sources regardless of surface water. The groundwater evaluation for irrigation was suggested by using the model of Water Quality Index for Irrigation (WQIIR) in the ArcMap/GIS Software. This model was applied to 48 wells distributed throughout the Hilla district, Babylon, Iraq. The samples of EC, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl−1, Na+1, HCO3−1, and SAR for groundwater were collected from these wells during wet and dry seasons in 2016. The generated maps in GIS for the WQIIR model in both seasons were divided into categories based on restriction’s groundwater use for irrigation. These categories consisted of Severe Restriction (SR), High Restriction (HR), Moderate Restriction (MR), Low Restriction, and No Restriction. The areas values and their classification of restriction’s groundwater use for irrigation related to the five categories that resulted within the generated maps in GIS using the WQIIR model in the wet season (in km2) were: 42.79 (SR), 407.05 (HR), 377.77 (MR), 32.39 (LR) and 0.23 (NR) respectively and for the dry season were as follows: 42.79 (SR), 407.05 (HR), 377.77 (MR), 32.39 (LR) and 0.23 (NR) respectively. The areas and the classification categories of restriction groundwater for irrigation calculated based on the values resulted from the WQIIR model have shown variation in the dry and wet seasons.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION NOVEL FILTER TO DE-NOISING THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM SIGNALS
Authors: Ali Fotuh Abdulkareem , Wali Mousa , Abd Thanaa H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
One of the most important vital signs that contain a large amount of information about the human health status is the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Numerous researches have been done to improve the sensitized signal from the heart in order to reduce the possibility of errors in diagnosing symptoms, which are determined by drawing an ECG signal Electro. The purpose of this research is to present novel system that improves and reduces the noise accompanying the ECG signal by applying a set of filters individually and collectively. The results of presented filters show robust performance against different noise types.
Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients in Air-Solid Fluidized Bed
Authors: Shrshab Mustafa A. , Abdulaziz Yasser I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The heat transfer of gas-solid fluidized bed has been investigated using pre-heating system. A Perspex column of 7cm inner diameter and 1.5 m height is used as a fluidizing column filling with three different sizes of sand with a height of 21 cm as packing.
The experimental work is carried out under superficial air velocities ranged of (0.029-0.365) m/s. The effect of opening area air distributors, particle diameter of sand packing, and different heat fluxes as powers have been investigated. The results show that the minimum fluidizing velocity increases with increasing the particle diameter and opening area of distributor. The gas-particle heat transfer coefficient is found to be increased by increasing superficial velocity, heat flux and opening area of distributor and decreased by particle diameter.
A mathematical correlation of dimensionless groups based on experimental data has been suggested. A comparison between results of present correlation and the speculations of previous ones has been made.
Investigation of Natural Composite Materials Pipe Under Thermal Load
Authors: abdulla Fadhel Abbas , Bader Sura Thaar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Experimental and analytical solution using classical shell theory solve by Matlab software was used to found thermal stresses under thermal load for natural composite materials pipe. Two types of natural fibers (eggshell and ash of fire wood) were used as reinforcements with polyester-resin. The experimental work including the manufacturing of the test samples (eggshell/polyester and ash of fire wood/polyester) by resin casting method with 40% volume fraction. Tensile and thermo-mechanical test were performing to find the mechanical properties of the specimens The results showed that eggshell natural composite had the highest strain, stress, and good mechanical properties compared with ash of fire wood natural composite but regarding temperature withstand the ash of fire wood specimens had the highest compared with egg shell specimens.
Palm dates as a source for isolation of Aspergillus niger to produce citric acid by submerged fermentation; kinetics study
Authors: Salih Dunya A , Yasin Safaa R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study discussed here deals with the isolation of Aspergillus niger from palm dates, the formal and the most famous fruit in Iraq, to test and qualify this fungus isolate for its ability to produce citric acid. Submerged fermentation technique was used in the fermentation process. A.niger isolated from “Zahdi” Palme dates was used in the study of the fermentation kinetics to get the production efficiency of citric acid. Kinetics of CA production via fermentation by A. niger S11 was evaluated within 432 h fermentation time and under submerged conditions of 11% (w/v) sucrose, 5% (v/v) inoculum size, pH 4, 30 °C and 150 rpm. The maximum citric acid produced was (37.116 g/l). Kinetic criterions (product, exhaustion and growth rates “Cp/t, Cs/t, Cx/t”, yield coefficients “Yp/s, Yp/x, Yx/s”, and specific fermentation rate constants “qp, qs”) were studied and discussed to reach to a logical explanation of fermentation process.
Antireflection Coating influences on the Quantum Efficiency and the Reflectivity of a GaAs / GaAS Solar Cell within the Visible Spectrum
Authors: Obaid Zain Alabdeen Hussein 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A theoretical investigation of the change in reflectance of silicon carbide (SiC) as a function of the particle size was the main focus of the current research. In addition, a single layer of anti-reflection coating of a quarter the wavelength is designed and doped in gallium arsenide (GaAs/GaAs) solar cell. The efficiency of the cell is investigated in the range of (400-700 nm) using the Brus model and the theory of characteristic matrix in the case of vertical and 45° ray to the plane of the incidence. The max efficiency for the designed cell (Air/Nano SiC/(GaAs/GaAs) was (% 96.81) of the wavelength of 550 nm in the case of vertical incidence. While in the case of an incident ray of 45° to the plane of the incidence, the efficiency was (%92.99) for the perpendicular polarisation (S) and (%97.23) in the case of horizontal polarization (P). the thickness of the coating was (Ps=2.2 nm).
Experimental and numerical study on the effect of water cooling on PV panel conversion efficiency
Authors: Hassan Ridha , Aboaltabooq Mahdi hatf Kadhum , jaafar Zahraa abdulkareem 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The solar energy is available in a tremendous amounts around the world and the photovoltaic panels might be the solution global power problem. Put the use of PV panels is limited due to the low power conversion ratio. Along with the low conversion rate of the PV panels, its efficiency even drops with the rise of surface working temperature by 0.5% for each degree centigrade. This study investigate experimentally and numerically the effect of front face water cooling on the power production and efficiency. By developing a CFD and experimental module (cooled and conventional panel) for cooling the front face of the PV panel with 8, 6 and 4 LPM of water sprayed by 4 mm nozzle diameter. The results shows an efficiency increase up to 16.2% at 45 °C ambient temperature compared to a conventional panel works at the same conditions.
A comparative Study for Grey Water Using Ozonation and Ultrasonic Irradiation Processes.
Authors: kamil Sabreen Aziz , Alabdly Hussein A. , Jaafar Mahdi Sh. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Grey water is considered a type of wastewater which bring damage to human health and environmental if disposed improperly. This lead to research an efficient treatment method to reduce the damage. The methodology used for grey water treatment was ozonation and ultra sonication. PH, ozone dose, temperature and time were the factors effecting the overall performance of the treatment process for the two forms of grey water(car wash water and Domestic water). both the COD & oil content were measured to determine the effectiveness of the process. for carwash sample, the COD and oil content were 95%,96.5% at 0.52 mg/l ozone dose, at 55 min duration time and ph=9. As for the domestic water, the COD and oil content were 96.5%,96% at 0.52 mg/l ozone dose, at 55 min duration time and ph=9. The removal was lower for ultrasoniation.for carwash sample, the COD and oil content were 94% and 74% at 45Co, at 55 min duration time and ph=9. As for the domestic water, the COD and oil content were 97% and 96 % at 55 min duration time and ph=9.
Finally, treatment of greywater with ozone has proven to be more efficient than ultrasound
Numerical Study of Condensation Heat Transfer and Droplet Dynamics on Different Wetting Surfaces of Gas Transportation Pipelines
Authors: Egab Karim , Mohammed Khalid Abdulhussain , Okab Abdullah K. , Oudah Saad 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, numerical investigation of condensation on a horizontal pipe which has various wettability properties analyzed. The influence of droplet size and contact angle on the performance of heat transfer is investigated. The condensation heat transfer obtained using MATLAB software to find the optimum function that enhances the performance. The wetting behavior is discussed under the atmospheric condition by considering the non-condensable gas. The effect of thermal boundary layers resulted from the droplet conduction, interfacial, coating, non-condensable gas, convection heat transfer was considered as well. The heat transfer rate is influenced by the droplet diameter for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. The heat transfer rate increased by 30% when the droplet diameter is 1.5 mm than the droplet diameter is 2.5mm. The contact angle has affected the performance of heat transfer on hydrophilic surfaces.
Simulation and Comparison of Modeling of Photovoltaic Modules During Different Values of Solar Irradiations Whilst Temperature of twenty five degree Celsius
Authors: Kareim Ameer A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a simulation by MATLAB code lines has been done for modeling of three types of mono-crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules by using single diode diode models. The three types of photovoltaic modules are DelSolar D6M195B2A, EPOLLY ep125M/72-195W and LDK 195 MC. The MATLAB simulation has been done by using the data provided by the commercial datasheets. In this paper, three types of photovoltaic modules have been modeled by MATLAB simulation at diverse values of solar irradiations (G) whilst temperature (T) equal to 25°C. A current-voltage (I-V) characteristics curves with regard to photovoltaic modules have been plotted by using MATLAB simulation at different values of G are 100, 400, 700 and 1000 W/m2, whilst T of twenty five degree Celsius. It has been noted from simulation results that during the changing of values of G for three photovoltaic modules leads to change the values of short circuit current (Ish) for each photovoltaic module. The simulation results of modeling of EPOLLY ep125M/72-195W photovoltaic module have been presented that the changing of values of G leads to small changing of values of Ish. Whereas, the simulation results of modeling of DelSolar D6M195B2A and LDK 195 MC photovoltaic module have been presented that the changing of values of G leads to changing of values of Ish, and that changing is bigger than case of EPOLLY ep125M/72-195W photovoltaic module. It has been concluded that EPOLLY ep125M/72-195W photovoltaic module is more suitable to be used during the regions that have frequently changing of values of G than using DelSolar D6M195B2A and LDK 195 MC photovoltaic module.
Effect of half circular obstacles in duct on natural heat transfer: numerical study
Authors: Mohammed Hafidh Hasan , Hatem Fares Amer , Al-Dulaimi Zaid M. H , Al-fahham Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The natural heat transfer in ducts depend on generating an induced flow due to the difference in density between the heated fluid and it is environment. The effect of reduce cross sectional area of a vertical isothermal duct by adding half circular obstacles to the inner side of the duct. The effect of the induced flow and obstacles were study using COMSOL software and compared to heat through same duct with no flow. The results that obstacles increase induced flow by 16% compared to normal vertical duct, Also shows a reduction in value of the maximum temperature of the hot surface at the solar peak heat flux (3:00 PM).
Free vibration and Flutter Stability of Interconnected Double Graded Micro Pipes System Conveying Fluid
Authors: Elaikh Talib EH. , Abed Nada M. , Ebrahimi-Mamaghani Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFunctionally gradient materials and small-scale pipes have a great important in industry because of its wide applications in many engineering fields such as, fluid transport in fluidic devices. The aim of this work is to study the dynamic stability of double FGM micro pipes conveying fluid depending on a modified couple stress theory. The two micro pipes are connected together continuously through elastic spring. The vibration equations with boundary conditions are acquired based on Hamilton’s principle and subsequently, solved by Galerkin’s method. The results of this research were compared with results reported in the literature. A reasonable agreement was found. Also, the influences of a gradient index of the material, a parameter of a length scale, the outer diameter of micro-pipe on the critical flow velocity and resonant frequencies are discussed. The results displayed that the critical velocities and natural frequencies are increased hastily with an increase in a gradient index n
Investigation the effect of intensity and direction of light on the removal of reactive blue dye from simulated wastewater using photo-Fenton oxidation under UV irradiation: Batch and continuous methods
Authors: Sajjad Tabarek A. , Mousa Al-zobai Khalid M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims to remove reactive blue dye (R.B) from simulated wastewater by utilizing advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using a photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe+2) system. A photo-reactor containing four fixed UV lamps had been employed in a batch and continuous mode under the effect of several operating variables (dosage of H2O2; dosage FeSO4; pH; temperature; irradiation time). Response surface methodology (Box–Behnken design) and Portable Statgraphics Centurion statistical software were used to design the experiments and conducting the mathematical correlation of the required responses as well as the interaction effects among variables. The optimal conditions of the operating variables; dosage hydrogen peroxide, ferrous sulphate, pH, temperature and irradiation time were 78 ppm, 20 ppm, 3, 40°C and 90 min, respectively which give 84.82% of removal efficiency. Then, the effect of light intensity and distance from a UV source were studied at optimum conditions in the batch photo-reactor where the highest dye removal efficacy was obtained at a light intensity of 24 w and a distance of 15cm. For continuous system, two operating conditions were studied, the direction of the light radiation and the flow rate which proofed that the dye removal efficiency decreased with an increase of flow rate and the top direction compared to the side direction of the light where the removal percentage of (R.B) was 100% for the flow rate of 10 ml/min while it was 84.16% for a flow rate of 50 ml/min. The results show that the photo-Fenton method is an effective treatment method of Wastewater containing dyes.
The role of open museums outdoors in the revival of intangible cultural heritage
Authors: Tahseen Eman , Aljumaily Saad Khudair 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Urban environments suffer from weak investment of intangible cultural values in stimulating urban environments and public places that are popular with people, thus exposing them to forgetting and weakening the urban memory of the local community. Most countries that have historical roots of those values that can be invested in urban tourism support and maintain.
The idea of reviving the values of non-material through the creation of museums Anthropological (Open) Museums, That gives way to display that heritage to ensure community participation, cultural diversity and support for urban development. The levels of cultural expression have multiplied in museums, but they have emerged clearly in aspects including economic, cultural, urban memory, cultural planning, in addition to the aesthetic and symbolic aspects).
The research dealt with those levels that were extracted from previous literature and international examples related to the revival of intangible cultural values in open museums. The research found that museums have achieved an important role in the process of cultural revival of intangible values and make them visible to society at several levels, relying on the revival of stories, myths, customs, and social traditions that took place through the participation of the local community in working in these museums most of the time and turning those museums into points of attraction A mission that contributed to increasing social and cultural interaction, reviving economic and civilizational aspects, and providing job opportunities for the local community. I also contributed to increasing awareness and interest in these non-material values.