bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mecanismos de prevención del acceso indebido a la historia clínica por parte del personal sanitario y nueva legislación de protección de datos
Authors: Casanova Asencio Andrea Salud 
Published: February 2020

El acceso injustificado a la historia clínica por parte del personal sanitario es un problema práctico de marcada incidencia en la actualidad, que no ha conseguido resolverse a pesar de los avances de los últimos años en materia de historia clínica. Al mismo tiempo, la nueva legislación de protección de datos (RGPD y la nueva LOPDGDD) supone un cambio en el modelo de seguridad de los mismos, al requerir una responsabilidad proactiva por parte del responsable del tratamiento, que deberá estudiar el riesgo al que los datos están sometidos por dicho tratamiento con el fin de adoptar las medidas técnicas y organizativas más adecuadas para garantizar la seguridad de los datos ya desde el propio diseño del sistema. Con esta perspectiva, se realiza una exposición y análisis de una serie de mecanismos preventivos de diverso tipo que, aplicados en conjunto, habrían de ser útiles para gestionar de mejor manera el problema de los accesos indebidos a la historia clínica por parte del personal sanitario sin vinculación asistencial.
Access to the medical history by health personnel that isn’t justified by the supplying of the adequate health care –hence being deemed as an unjustified access- is currently a prominent practical problem which hasn’t been solved despite the advance shown by medical history regulations in the last few years. At the same time, the new data protection regulation (GDPR and Spanish LOPDGDD) introduces a new model for the security of the data, emphasizing what is known as “accountability” by the controller of the data, which translates into data protection by design and by default. From this perspective, a series of preventive mechanisms to avoid unjustified access to a medical history is analysed and presented, assuming that the problem requires the joint application of at least several of these preventive tools.
Life Without a Journal Deal
Authors: Widmark Cecilie Heyman , Lieungh Erik 
Published: February 2020

What is it like to work at a library where the largest journal subscription deal was terminated? How do the researchers really feel about it? And what solutions are recommended?
In this episode, we explore what Swedish librarians and researchers experienced during the time period when they didn’t have a journal deal with Elsevier (from 2018-2020). Did they manage? Did they save money? And did the researchers from the institution really voice their concerns? Our guest is Cecilie Heyman Widmark, she is a librarian working with Open Access, Media and Publishing at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden.
The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
NKAP promotes renal cell carcinoma growth via AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Ma Qian , Hou Lifang , Gao Xinghua , Yan Keqiang 
Published: February 2020

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common site for malignant tumours worldwide leading to a high risk of death. NKAP is a conserved nuclear protein that has critical roles in the development, maturation, and functional acquisition of T cells, iNKT cells, and cancers. But the function and underlying mechanism of NKAP in RCC is still unknown. Knockdown of NKAP by siRNA interference (siNKAP) was used to explore the roles of NAKP in human RCC cells. Here, we found that siNKAP strongly inhibited the proliferation and motility of Ketr‐3 and 786‐0 cells and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl2 in the siNKAP group was strongly decreased, while the expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved Caspase‐3, and cleaved Caspase‐9 was significantly increased. Finally, to identify the potential mechanisms, we detected related proteins of the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway by western blot assay. We found that siNKAP significantly inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. The findings for the first time reveal that the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway is involved in the oncogenic role of NKAP in RCC, which provides an important basis for exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of RCC.Significance of the studyThere is an urgent need to study the molecular mechanisms involved in RCC to promote the development of early diagnosis and more effective treatment options. This research provides an important basis for exploring the accurate regulatory mechanism of NKAP in RCC and a novel perspective to find the potential utility of NKAP inhibitors for RCC therapy.
National cancer screening program for gastric cancer in Korea: Nationwide treatment benefit and cost
Authors: Suh Yun‐Suhk , Lee Joonki , Woo Hyeongtaek , Shin Dongwook , Kong Seong‐Ho , Lee Hyuk‐Joon , Shin Aesun , Yang Han‐Kwang 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the nationwide benefit and cost of the national cancer screening program (NCSP) for gastric cancer treatment.MethodsFor this nationwide, population‐based study, the Korean National Health Insurance Big Data Base, which included gastric cancer–related treatment information and the costs for all patients with gastric cancer who were 40 years old or older between 2004 and 2013, was restructured. Patients with gastric cancer who participated in the NCSP at least once (the screening group) were compared with those who did not participate in the NCSP (the nonscreening group).ResultsThe screening group (n = 116,775) spent significantly less on medical care expenses than the nonscreening group (n = 74,927) during the 5 years since the initial treatment (P < .0001). The screening group presented a significantly better prognosis for 5 and 9 years than the nonscreening group (P < .0001). The screening group revealed a 41% decreased hazard ratio (P < .0001) for death in comparison with the nonscreening group; the prognostic benefit became more obvious when treatment was started within the first 4 months after screening. The age‐standardized mortality rate ratio of the screening group versus the nonscreening group was 0.62 (P < .0001). The NCSP for gastric cancer required an average of 22,169,769 Korean Republic won (US $20,309) for 1 life‐year saved, which was less than the average gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Korea.ConclusionsThe screening group had significantly lower medical care expenses and showed a significantly better prognosis than the nonscreening group. On the basis of the GDP per capita, the NCSP for gastric cancer was cost‐effective for treatment prognosis.
Urban population density estimation based on spatio‐temporal trajectories
Authors: Xue Fei , Cao Yang , Ding Zhiming , Tang Hengliang , Yang Xi , Chen Lei , Li Juntao 
Published: February 2020

SummaryRegional population density has temporal and spatial characteristics, and most of the existing prediction models fail to take these two characteristics into account at the same time, which results in unsatisfactory forecasting results. To address this problem, we use the deep learning models to predict the crowd distribution in the evacuation area, so as to realize the recommendation of the evacuation area. First, a raster population density prediction model based on long short‐term memory (LSTM) is studied, and then a multiarea population density prediction model considering temporal and spatial characteristics, named ST‐LSTM, is designed. The results of our extensive experiments on the real dataset show that our proposed ST‐LSTM is both effective and efficient.
Icosahedral Carborane Superacids and their Conjugate Bases Comprising H, F, Cl, and CN Substituents: A Theoretical Investigation of Monomeric and Dimeric Cages
Authors: Brzeski Jakub , Czapla Marcin , Skurski Piotr 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTheoretical investigation of the H(CHB11X11) (X=H, F, Cl, CN), H(CHB11XnY11‐n) (X,Y=F, Cl; n=1,5), and dimeric (H(CHB11X11))2 (X=F, Cl) carborane superacids performed at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) theory level revealed the similarity of their equilibrium structures and the possibility of nearly barrierless hydrogen atom migration among the substituents attached to one side of the icosahedral CB11 cage. The vertical electron detachment energies predicted at the OVGF/6‐311++G(3df,2pd) theory level for the conjugate bases (CHB11X11)− were found to span the 5.82–9.00 ev range. The acid strengths (manifested by the Gibbs free deprotonation energies spanning the 213–266 kcal/mol range) predicted for the icosahedral H(CHB11X11) carborane systems confirm their superacidic properties which might be increased even further by the attachment of the second carborane H(CHB11X11) unit that leads to a dimeric structure mimicking a part of an experimentally observed H‐bridged polymeric chain. The Gibbs free deprotonation energy of the dimeric (H(CHB11Cl11))2 acid was predicted to be smaller by 17 kcal/mol than that of the corresponding monomeric H(CHB11Cl11) acid.
Adult patients with undiagnosed conditions and their responses to unresolved uncertainty from exome sequencing
Authors: Neustadt Ahna , Owczarzak Jill , Mu Weiyi , Cohen Julie S. , Erby Lori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPatients pursuing exome sequencing (ES) in their quest for diagnosis will most often experience unresolved uncertainty from their ES results because the majority of ES results are non‐diagnostic. This study explored and compared the experiences of receiving two types of ES results that may result in diagnostic uncertainty. Semi‐structured phone interviews were conducted with 23 adult patients with undiagnosed conditions who received either a negative result or a result with one or more variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) from ES. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic and comparative analyses. Participants accurately understood their results and described various sources of genomic uncertainty including probability, complexity, and ambiguity. Their acclimation to illness uncertainty resulted in realistic expectations about and acceptance of their results. Participants still hoped that ES would end their diagnostic odyssey. Hope and optimism were used to cope with continued uncertainty. No thematic differences were found between the experiences of those who received negative results versus those who received VUSs. Our findings may inform clinical practices of informed consent and disclosure of negative results and VUSs through a greater consideration of patients' reactions, concerns, and challenges with adaptation to uncertainty.
Ethical and professional challenges encountered by Japanese healthcare professionals who provide genetic counseling services
Authors: Yoshida Akiko , Nakada Haruka , Inaba Akira , Takahashi Masayo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is important to identify ethical and professional challenges associated with genetic counseling services and systems to improve these services. In previous studies, specific challenges in genetic counseling were categorized into 16 domains. However, these studies were limited to a few countries, and genetic counseling differs according to national cultures or systems. Thus, additional efforts should be made to collect and analyze challenges in genetic counseling to address these issues. We interviewed 48 genetic counseling professionals in Japan (including 29 clinical geneticists, 17 genetic counselors, and 2 other professionals) about anecdotes that included ethical professional challenges. Thematic analysis was used to code the interview data, and anecdotes were categorized according to the ethical and professional challenges. The anecdotes (n = 333) were classified into the 16 previously identified domains and three unique subcategories: ‘lack of understanding about genetic professionals or departments of genetic counseling by other professionals and patients’, ‘insufficient communication skills to carry out counseling on the part of the genetic counseling professionals’, and ‘lack of a system for self‐improvement’. Many of the anecdotes also noted the emotional responses domain. The challenges experienced by Japanese genetic counseling professionals described herein will improve the quality of the service these professionals provide. Furthermore, the results can assist development of high‐quality genetic counseling systems in countries developing these systems.
Three‐year outcomes of childhood inflammatory bowel disease in New Zealand: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Martin Natalie G , Roberts Amin J , Evans Helen M , Bishop Jonathan , Day Andrew S 
Published: February 2020

Background and AimHigh rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been documented in New Zealand (NZ) children. The objectives of this study were to describe the outcomes and disease course of childhood IBD in the first 3 years following diagnosis.MethodsAll children diagnosed with IBD in 2015 in NZ were included. Clinical data obtained during routine care for 3 years following diagnosis were analyzed. Growth parameters, disease activity scores, and blood parameters were compared at diagnosis and follow up.ResultsThree‐year outcome data were available for 48 of 51 children. At follow up, median age was 15.1 years, and 34 had Crohn's disease (CD), 11 had ulcerative colitis (UC), and three had IBD‐unclassified (IBDU). Although disease progression including development of perianal disease occurred in 13 (38%) of 34 children with CD, the majority (n = 30) had inflammatory disease at follow up. Disease extension occurred in 25% (2/8) of children initially diagnosed with UC. Of all IBD patients, the mean body mass index z‐score increased from −0.40 to +0.10 (P = 0.01). Disease activity scores reduced from diagnosis to follow up in both CD (mean pediatric Crohn's disease activity index 35–6, P < 0.001) and UC (mean pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index 44–6, P < 0.001). Overall, 56% of children received steroids, 44% of children with CD received biologic therapy, and four children with CD or UC had intestinal surgery.ConclusionsMost children with IBD were in remission with improved growth 3 years after diagnosis. Biologic therapies were commonly prescribed. This is the first NZ study assessing disease course in pediatric IBD. Ongoing follow up will continue to inform outcomes.
Structural changes to the uterus of the dwarf ornate wobbegong shark (Orectolobus ornatus) during pregnancy
Authors: Buddle Alice L. , Otway Nicholas M. , Van Dyke James U. , Thompson Michael B. , Murphy Christopher R. , Dowland Samson N. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. , Ellis Megan T. , Whittington Camilla M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEmbryos of the viviparous dwarf ornate wobbegong shark (Orectolobus ornatus) develop without a placenta, unattached to the uterine wall of their mother. Here, we present the first light microscopy study of the uterus of O. ornatus throughout pregnancy. At the beginning of pregnancy, the uterine luminal epithelium and underlying connective tissue become folded to form uterine ridges. By mid to late pregnancy, the luminal surface is extensively folded and long luminal uterine villi are abundant. Compared to the nonpregnant uterus, uterine vasculature is increased during pregnancy. Additionally, as pregnancy progresses the uterine epithelium is attenuated so that there is minimal uterine tissue separating large maternal blood vessels from the fluid that surrounds developing embryos. We conclude that the uterus of O. ornatus undergoes an extensive morphological transformation during pregnancy. These uterine modifications likely support developing embryos via embryonic respiratory gas exchange, waste removal, water balance, and mineral transfer.
The characteristics of late summer extreme precipitation in northern China and associated large‐scale circulations
Authors: Chen Zhiheng , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtreme precipitation occurs frequently in northern China. Understanding the characteristics of extreme precipitation is conducive to improving prediction accuracy rates of extreme precipitation events and disaster prevention. An analysis of 55‐year daily precipitation data, which has been represented by R10mm since 1961, reveals non‐uniform variations in late summer extreme precipitation in northern China. The study aims at establishing an objective classification of major impact large‐scale circulations corresponding to extreme precipitation events. Utilizing the circulation classification, this study divides extreme precipitation events into the westerly mode (WM), westerly subtropical mode (WSM) and typhoon mode (TYM), thereby carrying out individual evaluations of types of extreme precipitation in northern China. The results indicate that the frequency distributions of WM and WSM in northern China both have decadal characteristics. Highly frequent WM from the 1980s to the early 2000s is a response to the enhancement of meridionality in westerly winds, which could strengthen the latitudinal positive–negative–positive circulation distribution of Pacific‐Japan wave train patterns in East Asia; however, the late summer WSM in northern China is different from WM. The enhancement (abatement) of the westerly wind meridionality and relatively southward (northward) position of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) leads to a stretching southward (northward) front rain belt on the northwest edge of WPSH, thereby favouring WSM in Central China and East China (North China, Northeast China and the eastern parts of Northwest China). The decadal variations in the meridionality in westerly winds and WPSH positions are closely related to sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), respectively. The results of this study provide theoretical references for decadal extreme precipitation predictions.
Supplementation with Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella protothecoides, and Schizochytrium sp. increases propionate‐producing bacteria in in vitro human gut fermentation
Authors: Jin Jong Beom , Cha Jin Wook , Shin Il‐Shik , Jeon Jin Young , Cha Kwang Hyun , Pan Cheol‐Ho 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDGut microbiota are major contributors to host metabolism and are considered as potential targets of novel therapeutics. Microalgae have a strong potential for use as prebiotics because they are a rich source of proteins, fatty acids, fiber, and minerals for nutritional supplementation in humans. Nevertheless, there has been insufficient research into the effect of microalgae on gut microbiota. To investigate the effects of three edible microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella protothecoides, and Schizochytrium sp.) on gut microbiota, simulated digestion and colonic fermentation were examined.RESULTSFollowing in vitro digestion, the microalgae displayed different levels of bioaccessibility and the nutrient analysis revealed that unabsorbed nutrients during the digestion process could be used for colonic fermentation. Following colonic fermentation, the control, inulin, and microalgae groups displayed different metabolite tendencies when investigated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. In particular, microalgae supplementation increased the proportion of propionate in the colonic culture (control: 19.14%, Inulin: 18.38%, C. vulgaris: 25.80%, C. protothecoides: 25.46%, and Schizochytrium sp.: 25.56%). Microbial profiling analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing also disclosed that the relative abundance of Bacteroides (control: 1.91%, inulin: 2.61%, C. vulgaris: 14.77%, C. protothecoides: 11.17%, and Schizochytrium sp.: 5.51%) and Dialister (control: 0.08%, inulin: 2.06%, C. vulgaris: 6.79%, C. protothecoides: 4.45%, and Schizochytrium sp.: 4.48%), involved in propionate metabolism increased more than in the inulin group.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest the potential use of microalgae as a functional food to increase propionate generation because propionate has been reported to be effective in weight loss and the inhibition of pathogen infection. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Microglia‐Related Gene Triggering Receptor Expressed in Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) Is Upregulated in the Substantia Nigra of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Sánchez‐Ruiz de Gordoa Javier , Erro María Elena , Vicuña‐Urriza Janire , Zelaya María Victoria , Tellechea Paula , Acha Blanca , Zueco Sara , Urdánoz‐Casado Amaya , Roldán Miren , Blanco‐Luquin Idoia , Mendioroz Maite 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of the microglia‐related gene triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in primary tauopathies, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), still remains unclear.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to profile overall and transcript‐specific TREM2 expression levels in the substantia nigra (SN) of PSP patients and controls.MethodsSN samples from neuropathologically confirmed PSP cases (n = 24) and controls (n = 14) were used to measure TREM2 and TREM2‐modulating gene Membrane‐spanning 4‐domains subfamily A member 4A (MS4A4A) mRNA levels by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Correlation with hyperphosphorylated tau protein burden was assessed.ResultsOverall TREM2 and each of the 3 TREM2 transcripts mRNA levels were significantly increased in the SN of PSP cases versus controls. TREM2 mRNA levels positively correlated with hyperphosphorylated tau burden in SN, specifically in neurons. The MS4A4A gene was also upregulated in PSP patients versus controls.ConclusionsThese results add evidence to the involvement of microglia in the disease process of PSP. These findings support the idea that different tauopathies may share common patterns of deregulation in innate immune molecular pathways. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Efficient higher‐order discretization of the magnetic field integral equation by means of vector spaces with a solenoidal‐no solenoidal decomposition
Authors: Gil José M. , Conde‐Pumpido Fernando 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, we apply curl and divergence conforming basis functions to the discretization of the magnetic field integral equation. The bases are hierarchical of any order, for 3D curved surfaces. The convergence of the method is tested for high and low‐order basis functions by using some canonical examples. This approach, because of the splitting subspaces, allows a better modeling of the component star of the current at very low frequencies. Improvements for the calculation of far field, made by using this formulation at the low frequency regime, are finally shown. Presented results lead to a better performance of the combined fields integral equation (CFIE) when the suggested higher‐order bases are applied.