bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hookah use patterns, social influence and associated other substance use among a sample of New York City public university students
Authors: El Shahawy Omar , Park Su Hyun , Rogers Erin S. , Shearston Jenni A. , Thompson Azure B. , Cooper Spring C. , Freudenberg Nicholas , Ball Samuel A. , Abrams David , Shelley Donna , Sherman Scott E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost hookah use studies have not included racial and ethnic minorities which limits our understanding of its use among these growing populations. This study aimed to investigate the individual characteristics of hookah use patterns and associated risk behaviors among an ethnically diverse sample of college students.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 2460 students (aged 18–25) was conducted in 2015, and data was analyzed in 2017. Descriptive statistics were used to present the sociodemographic characteristics, hookah use-related behavior, and binge drinking and marijuana use according to the current hookah use group, including never, exclusive, dual/poly hookah use. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine how hookah related behavior and other risk behaviors varied by sociodemographics and hookah use patterns.ResultsAmong current hookah users (n = 312), 70% were exclusive hookah users and 30% were dual/poly hookah users. There were no statistically significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics except for race/ethnicity (p < 0.05). Almost half (44%) of the exclusive hookah users reported having at least five friends who also used hookah, compared to 30% in the dual/poly use group. Exclusive users were less likely to report past year binge drinking (17%) and past year marijuana use (25%) compared to those in the dual/poly use group (44 and 48% respectively);p < 0.001.ConclusionsThe socialization aspects of hookah smoking seem to be associated with its use patterns. Our study calls for multicomponent interventions designed to target poly tobacco use as well as other substance use that appears to be relatively common among hookah users.
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in patients with and without systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study
Authors: Yue Cai , Su Jian , Fan Xiaohong , Song Li , Jiang Wei , Xia Jinghua , Shi Tao , Zhang Xuan , Li Xuemei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is associated with more deleterious outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) levels and ADAMTS13 inhibitor were not routinely assayed in most previous studies. The objective of this study is to compare the characteristics and outcomes of immune-mediated TTP (iTTP) in patients with and without SLE.

Methods
The medical data of 28 patients with iTTP from Peking Union Medical College Hospital were analysed. ADAMTS13 activity and ADAMTS13 inhibitor were measured in all patients.

Results
All 28 patients had ADAMTS13 inhibitor and severe ADAMTS13 deficiency. iTTP was considered SLE-related (SLE-TTP) in 10 patients and primary (primary iTTP) in 18 patients. Renal involvement on presentation was more severe in patients with primary iTTP as determined by higher serum creatinine (162.7 ± 110.6 vs 73.3 ± 13.4 μmol/L, p < 0.01) and more prevalent acute kidney injury (72.2% vs 10.0%, p < 0.01) than in patients with SLE-TTP. More patients with SLE-TTP were treated with steroid pulse therapy (90.0% vs 16.7%, p < 0.01) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) (50.0% vs 5.6%, p = 0.01) compared to patients with primary iTTP. After adjustments for age and treatment, including steroid pulse therapy and IVIG treatment, the likelihood of clinical remission of SLE-TTP was significantly increased compared to that of primary iTTP (HR 7.6 [1.2, 50.1], p = 0.03). Mortality was also lower among patients with SLE-TTP than among patients with primary iTTP (0 vs 38.9%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Renal involvement was less severe in patients with SLE-TTP than in patients with primary iTTP. The treatment responses and outcomes of SLE-TTP were no worse and perhaps even better than those of primary iTTP. When TTP is diagnosed in SLE patients, the ADAMTS13 level and ADAMTS13 inhibitor profile should be considered in addition to clinical features.
Association of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with oncological outcomes in urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Ohadian Moghadam Solmaz , Mansori Kamyar , Nowroozi Mohammad Reza , Afshar Davoud , Abbasi Behzad , Nowroozi Ali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in adults worldwide. There are various risk factors described for the bladder cancer development including genetic background as well as environmental exposure. Currently, infectious agents such as human papilloma virus (HPV) has also been linked to bladder cancer risk. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential correlation between HPV infection and the oncological outcome in urothelial bladder cancer.

Methods
Totally 106 tissue samples of histopathologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder were included in this study. The presence of high risk (types 16 and 18) and low risk (types 11 and 6) types of HPV was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by in situ hybridization.

Results
Out of 106 bladder cancer patients, a total of 24 cases (22.6%) were positive HPV infection. The most common type of HPV detected was type 16 followed by types 11 and 18, and 6. According to independent T-test results, there was a significant association between mean age and HPV infection (P = 0.015). Moreover, our findings showed a significant relation between infection with HPV and tumor stage, tumor grade, muscle invasion of the tumor, as well as tumor recurrence. The results of Chi-square Test indicated that there is significant statistical association between types of HPV and tumor grade (P-Value = 0.044).

Conclusion
Our findings indicated that a family history of cancer and HPV infection can be potential independent predictive factors for tumor recurrence in bladder cancer. Overall, the results of this study strongly indicate a significant relationship between HPV infection and an aggravated outcome of the disease and a higher risk of recurrence in patients with bladder cancer.
Help-seeking, trust and intimate partner violence: social connections amongst displaced and non-displaced Yezidi women and men in the Kurdistan region of northern Iraq
Authors: Strang Alison , O’Brien Oonagh , Sandilands Maggie , Horn Rebecca 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Conflict and displacement impact the social fabric of communities through the disruption of social connections and the erosion of trust. Effective humanitarian assistance requires understanding the social capital that shapes patterns of help-seeking in these circumstances - especially with stigmatised issues such as violence against women (VAW) and intimate partner violence (IPV).

Methods
A novel social mapping methodology was adopted amongst a Yezidi population displaced by ISIS (ISIS: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, locally known as Da’esh) occupation and a neighbouring settled Yezidi population in the Kurdistan region of northern Iraq in late 2016. Six participatory workshops were conducted to identify available resources with respect to: meeting basic needs, dispute resolution and VAW. Subsequently, 51 individual interviews were conducted (segmented by gender and settlement status) to identify connectedness to, and trust in, the resources identified, with a focus on IPV against women.

Results
90% of participants reported God as a key source of help in the previous 6 months, representing the most widely cited resource. Following God, the most accessed and trusted resources were family and community, with NGO (non-governmental organisation) provision being the least. Women drew more strongly upon familial resources than men (Χ2 = 5.73, df = 1, p = 0.017). There was reduced trust in resources in relation to seeking help with IPV. A distinction between trust to provide emotional support and trust to resolve issues was identified. Settled women were 1.6 times more likely to trust community members and government services and 3.7 times more likely to trust NGOs than displaced women.

Conclusions
Mapping social connections and trust provides valuable insight into the social capital available to support help-seeking in populations of humanitarian concern. For these Yezidi populations, family, religious and community resources were the most widely utilised and trusted. Trust was mostly reserved for family and their main religious leader regarding IPV against women. Lack of trust appeared to be a major barrier to stronger engagement with available NGO provision, particularly amongst displaced women. The role of faith and religious resources for this population is clearly significant, and warrants an explicitly faith-sensitive approach to humanitarian assistance.
Lysine-222 succinylation reduces lysosomal degradation of lactate dehydrogenase a and is increased in gastric cancer
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhang Chen , Zhao Ting , Su Zhongping , Li Mengjing , Hu Jiancheng , Wen Jianfei , Shen Jiajia , Wang Chao , Pan Jinshun , Mu Xianmin , Ling Tao , Li Yingchang , Wen Hao , Zhang Xiaoren , You Qiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Lysine succinylation is an emerging posttranslational modification that has garnered increased attention recently, but its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains underexplored.

Methods
Proteomic quantification of lysine succinylation was performed in human GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by mass spectrometry. The mRNA and protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in GC and adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The expression of K222-succinylated LDHA was measured in GC tissue microarray by the K222 succinylation-specific antibody. The interaction between LDHA and sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) was measured by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and proximity ligation assay (PLA). The binding of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) to LDHA was determined by co-IP. The effect of K222-succinylated LDHA on tumor growth and metastasis was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results
Altogether, 503 lysine succinylation sites in 303 proteins were identified. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), the key enzyme in Warburg effect, was found highly succinylated at K222 in GC. Intriguingly, this modification did not affect LDHA ubiquitination, but reduced the binding of ubiquitinated LDHA to SQSTM1, thereby decreasing its lysosomal degradation. We demonstrated that CPT1A functions as a lysine succinyltransferase that interacts with and succinylates LDHA. Moreover, high K222-succinylation of LDHA was associated with poor prognosis in patients with GC. Finally, overexpression of a succinylation-mimic mutant of LDHA promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and migration.

Conclusions
Our data revealed a novel lysosomal pathway of LDHA degradation, which is mediated by the binding of K63-ubiquitinated LDHA to SQSTM1. Strikingly, CPT1A succinylates LDHA on K222, which thereby reduces the binding and inhibits the degradation of LDHA, as well as promotes GC invasion and proliferation. This study thus uncovers a new role of lysine succinylation and the mechanism underlying LDHA upregulation in GC.
Histone methyltransferase and drug resistance in cancers
Authors: Yang Cheng , Zhang Jiayu , Ma Yukui , Wu Chunfu , Cui Wei , Wang Lihui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA number of novel anticancer drugs have been developed in recent years. However, the mortality of cancer patients remains high because of the emergence of drug resistance. It was reported that drug resistance might involved in changes in gene expression without changing genotypes, which is similar to epigenetic modification. Some studies indicated that targeting histone methyltransferase can reverse drug resistance. Hence, the use of histone methyltransferase inhibitors or histone demethylase inhibitors opens new therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. While the relationship between histone methyltransferase and tumor resistance has been determined, there is a lack of updated review on the association between them. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of histone methyltransferases in cancer drug resistance and the therapeutic strategies of targeting histone methyltransferase to reverse drug resistance.
The diagnostic benefit of antibodies against ribosomal proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Shi Zhen-rui , Han Yan-fang , Yin Jing , Zhang Yu-ping , Jiang Ze-xin , Zheng Lin , Tan Guo-zhen , Wang Liangchun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Anti-ribosomal P (anti-Rib-P) antibody is a specific serological marker for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and routinely tested by targeting the common epitope of three ribosomal proteins of P0, P1 and P2. This study aimed to investigate if testing antibodies against individual ribosomal protein, but not the common epitope, is required to achieve the best diagnostic benefit in SLE.

Methods
The study included 82 patients with SLE and 22 healthy donors. Serum antibodies were determined by ELISA and immunoblot.

Results
The prevalence of each antibody determined by ELISA was 35.4% (anti-Rib-P), 45.1% (anti-Rib-P0), 32.9% (anti-Rib-P1) and 40.2% (anti-Rib-P2) at 99% specificity, respectively. Of 53 patients with negative anti-Rib-P antibody, 21 (39.6%) were positive for anti-Rib-P0, 9 (17.0%) for anti-Rib-P1 and 12 (22.6%) for anti-Rib-P2 antibody. The positive rate of anti-Rib-P antibody detected by ELISA was close to the results by immunoblot (33.4%). Patients with any of these antibodies were featured by higher disease activity and prevalence of skin rashes than those with negative antibodies. Moreover, each antibody was particularly related to some clinical and laboratory disorders. The distribution of subclasses of IgG1–4 was varied with each antibody. Anti-Rib-P0 IgG1 and IgG3 were strongly correlated with disease activity and lower serum complement components 3 and 4.

Conclusions
Anti-Rib-P antibody is not adequate to predict the existence of antibodies against ribosomal P0, P1 and P2 protein. The examination of antibodies against each ribosomal protein is required to achieve additional diagnostic benefit and to evaluate the association with clinical and serological disorders as well.
Pathological evaluation of rats carrying in-frame mutations in the dystrophin gene: a new model of Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Teramoto Naomi , Sugihara Hidetoshi , Yamanouchi Keitaro , Nakamura Katsuyuki , Kimura Koichi , Okano Tomoko , Shiga Takanori , Shirakawa Taku , Matsuo Masafumi , Nagata Tetsuya , Daimon Masao , Matsuwaki Takashi , Nishihara Masugi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Dystrophin, encoded by the DMD gene on the X chromosome, stabilizes the sarcolemma by linking the actin cytoskeleton with the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). In-frame mutations in DMD cause a milder form of X-linked muscular dystrophy, called Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), characterized by the reduced expression of truncated dystrophin. So far, no animal model with in-frame mutations in Dmd has been established. As a result, the effect of in-frame mutations on the dystrophin expression profile and disease progression of BMD remains unclear. In this study, we established a novel rat model carrying in-frame Dmd gene mutations (IF rats) and evaluated the pathology. We found that IF rats exhibited reduced expression of truncated dystrophin in a proteasome-independent manner. This abnormal dystrophin expression caused dystrophic changes in muscle tissues but did not lead to functional deficiency. We also found that the expression of additional dystrophin named dpX, which forms the DGC in the sarcolemma, was associated with the appearance of truncated dystrophin. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study contribute to the further understanding of BMD pathology and help elucidate the efficiency of dystrophin recovery treatments in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a more severe form of X-linked muscular dystrophy.
A regulação executiva da moeda: a variedade institucional da regulação monetária brasileira na Nova República
Authors: Gomes Schapiro Mario 
Published: August 2020

The presidential dominance in monetary regulation: the institutional variety of brazilian monetary regulation throughout the New Republic RESUMOO objetivo do trabalho é, a partir da literatura sobre “estado regulador”, caracterizar a variedade regulatória brasileira que se constituiu no sistema financeiro, entre 1988 e 2018. O principal argumento deste artigo é que, no sistema financeiro brasileiro, o Poder Executivo (e não o Congresso) foi o principal da delegação regulatória. Além disso, o Executivo, por meio do Conselho Monetário Nacional, empregou predominantemente mecanismos administrativos ex post para governar a máquina regulatória. Em outras palavras, no lugar de uma delegação ex ante por meio da legislação, o Executivo contou com ferramentas discricionárias para moldar as atividades regulatórias. Esse arranjo ocorreu dentro da cadeia de comando e controle do Poder Executivo, com pouca participação do Congresso. O artigo descreve essa variedade regulatória como regulação executiva da moeda. ABSTRACTDrawing on the literature on “regulatory state”, this paper aims at characterizing the variety of regulatory state that shaped the Brazilian financial system, between 1988 and 2018. The central claim of this paper is that, at the Brazilian financial system, the Executive branch (and not the Congress) was the principal. Moreover, the Executive, through the National Monetary Council, employed ex-post administrative mechanisms predominantly to govern the regulatory machine. In other words, instead of ex-ante delegation via legislation, the Executive relied on discretionary tools to shape regulatory activities. This arrangement took place within the command and control’s chain of the Executive Power, having little participation of the Congress. The article describes this regulatory variety as the presidential dominance in monetary regulation.
Segurança jurídica para a inovação pública: a nova Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (Lei no 13.655/2018)
Authors: Bonacorsi de Palma Juliana 
Published: August 2020

Legal certainty for public innovation: the new Brazilian Law’s Introduction Act (Law No. 13,655 OF 2018) RESUMOEste artigo busca apresentar uma leitura instrumental da recém-editada Lei no 13.655/2018, que altera a Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (LINDB) e lhe confere uma nova dimensão operacional: no âmbito público, para reforço da segurança jurídica e melhoria da qualidade das decisões públicas. O artigo analisa a agenda de pesquisa e produção acadêmica que incitou o processo legislativo que resultou na Lei no 13.655/2018, e também as alterações que o projeto sofreu no Congresso Nacional para demonstrar que a lei decorre de uma agenda voltada a viabilizar a inovação na administração pública. A tese central do texto é a de que a Lei no 13.655/2018 consiste em uma lei de planos, públicos e privados, que viabiliza o desenho de soluções jurídicas com maior criatividade e conforto decisório. No âmbito público, fundamentalmente a previsão de ônus aos controladores e a tutela do gestor público honesto permitem a definição mais efetiva de políticas públicas, contratos, licenças e permissões, entre outras manifestações. Desse modo, pela segurança jurídica, a Nova LINDB viabiliza a inovação pública na medida em que pavimenta o experimentalismo na administração pública, como a assimilação de novas tecnologias em suas atividades prestacionais e o emprego de mecanismos jurídicos atípicos. ABSTRACTThis paper tackles the recently enacted Law No. 13,655 of 2018, which changes the Brazilian Law’s Introduction Act and gives it a new operational dimension: foster legal certainty and the quality of public decisions. The paper describes how academic production influenced the Law No. 13,655 of 2018’s draft and its legislative history. The main argument is that the Law No. 13,655 of 2018 is a plan rule, enabling private entities and the State to design solutions with greater creativity for a best problem-solving. In public sphere, the Law legally protects honest public servants aiming at proving them comfort to decide and explore experimental public policies, contracts, licenses, permissions, among other manifestations. Therefore, the Law No. 13,655 of 2018 works for innovation in the State, such as use of technologies and anew administrative solutions.
O CICLO VICIOSO DE DESLOCAMENTOS FORÇADOS E A FORMAÇÃO DE ESPAÇOS INCOMPLETOS EM MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Raimundo Inês M. 
Published: August 2020

Este artigo baseou-se em vários estudos realizados pela autora sobre Migracões Forçadas em Moçambique e, apresenta a radiografia de um país com espaços habitacionais resultantes da conjugação de fatores político-militares, desastres naturais, projetos de desenvolvimento e de imigrações internacionais. Moçambique é um país da África Austral situado na costa oriental de África. É banhado pelo Canal de Moçambique em uma extensão de 2700Km. Desde que ficou independente de Portugal em 1975, tem sofrido metamorfoses significativas em seu espaço geográfico, originadas por fenômenos cíclicos de desastres naturais, por eventos político-militares, sociais e econômicos que não permitem que a sua população não conheça o real significado de sedentarismo com o aparecimento da chamada População Deslocada Internamente e população refugiada. Após a sua independência, o país adotou uma “política hospitaleira” de acolhimento dos povos em fuga de países de regimes opressores, como são os casos do Chile, Rodésia do Sul (atual Zimbabwe) e África do Sul. Pela sua localização geográfica e pelo fato de ter experimentado uma paz militar entre 1992 e 2013, o país passou também a receber requerentes de asilo e refugiados, particularmente da região dos Grandes Lagos de África e do Corno de África, além de investidores ou pretensos investidores provenientes de várias partes do mundo com destaque para a África, Ásia Menor, Europa, China, América do Norte e Brasil que em muito contribuíram para a configuração espacial de Moçambique. Importa referir que a população imigrante e em ‘fuga’ raramente fixa “raízes” nos países de acolhimento, razão pela qual é possível observar em quase todo o território nacional a existência de lugares cuja ocupação reflete cenários de projetos não concluidos (ruínas) e infraestruturas destruídas ou inacabadas. Por exemplo, no Sul de Moçambique o Distrito de Xai-Xai e o projeto de areias pesadas, no Centro de Moçambique nos Distritos de Manica e Sofala e no Norte de Moçambique no Distrito de Mandimba, na Província de Niassa. Os projetos de desenvolvimento em curso, espelham sem dúvidas a emergência de um país em conflitos permanentes e em reconstituição. Trata-se de um processo vicioso e cíclico que, ao longo do tempo aqui considerado, faz surgir espaços habitacionais de construção e de destruição/desconstrução, razão pela qual os chamamos espaços incompletos/inacabados.