bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided Diagnosis of Psychiatric Distress in Children and Adolescents Using deep Interaction Networks:&nbsp;The CASPIAN-IV Study
Authors: Marateb Hamid Reza , Tasdighi Zahra , Mohebian Mohammad Reza , Naghavi Azam , Hess Moritz , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaiel , Heshmat Ramin , Mansourian Marjan , Mananas Miguel Angel , Binder Harald , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Early diagnosis of psychiatric disorders among children can reduce the risk of adverse psychosocial outcomes in adulthood. We aimed to design a computer-aided screening tool to examine the association between modifiable risk factors and psychiatric disorders in a developing country. Ten thousand three hundred fifty students, aged 6–18 years from all Iran provinces, participated in this study. We used feature discretization and encoding, stability selection, and regularized group method of data handling (GMDH) to classify the comprehensive risk factors to depression (the prevalence of 20.1%), worriedness (23.7%), and emotional problems (11.1%). Self-rated health was the most important feature. The selected modifiable factors were eating breakfast, screentime, salty snack for depression, physical activity, salty snack for worriedness, (abdominal) obesity, sweetened beverage, and sleep-hour for emotional problems classification. The area under the ROC Curve (AUC) of the GMDH was 0.88 [CI 95%: 0.87-0.89], 0.79 [0.77-0.80], and 0.70 [0.68-0.72] for depression, worriedness, and emotional problem outcomes, respectively. The GMDH provided a deep interaction network to introduce important features that univariate modeling had not identified. It significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art (adjusted p <0.05; McNemar's test). It is thus a promising new psychiatric screening tool for children and adolescents.
Distribution and Utilization of Homestead Windbreak Fukugi (Garcinia Subelliptica Merr.) Trees: An Ethnobotanical Approach
Authors: Chen Bixia , Akamine Hikaru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Garcinia subelliptica (Fukugi in Japanese) is an evergreen tropical tree, first identified in Batanes, the Philippines, which has been planted as a homestead windbreak and in coastal forests extensively on the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. This article focuses on the traditional uses and cultural values of Fukugi trees and provides ethnobotanical information for the conservation scheme of this important tree species.Methods:A combination of ecological and ethnobotanical approaches was applied in this study. Extensive field surveys were conducted to collect dimensions of relatively large trees, and in-depth interviews with the village leaders and knowledgeable persons were conducted to collect ethnobotanical data. Results:Fukugi trees have been primarily planted as homestead or farmland windbreaks. Timber was harvested during difficult times, for example, after WWII, and used for recreational purposes for children or farmers. The fruits were also eaten on some remote islands. Old-growth Fukugi trees are widely found in sacred sites, within cities, and as symbolic trees. The older generations respect Fukugi trees; however, the cultural significance valued by older generation seems to be lacking in the younger generation. We argue that Fukugi is a cultural keystone species in Okinawa, which underpins Ryukyu culture and has transformed islands into a pleasant land, a unique place, and shared identity for the community.Conclusions:Fukugi windbreaks provide significant ecosystem services, such as biodiversity in the forest, reducing soil erosion, and spiritual and cultural values. A combination of biophysical environment, as well as tradition and custom, has played an essential role in tree species selection for windbreaks. The positive impacts that anthropogenic activities have had on the sustainability of woody species, namely, the active utilization of tree species, may have enabled the species to sustain. Strategies for protecting old-growth Fukugi trees, in addition to restoration of damaged trees, are needed to improve the sustainable management of Fukugi trees in Okinawa.
Longitudinal Structural MRI Data Prediction in Nondemented and Demented Older Adults via Generative Adversarial Convolutional Network
Authors: Song Liyao , Li Haiwei , Fan Jiancun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and threatens the health of millions of people. Early stage diagnosis of AD is critical for improving clinical outcomes and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data collection can be used to monitor the progress of each patient. However, missing data is a common problem in longitudinal AD studies. The main factors come from subject dropouts and failed scans. This hinders the acquisition of longitudinal sequences that consist of multi-time-point magnetic resonance (MR) images at relatively uniform intervals. In this paper, we present a generative adversarial convolutional network to predict missing structural MRI data. In particular, we include multiple MRI scans as a temporal sequence collected at different times and determine the spatio-temporal relationship between the different scans in the proposed network. We adopt residual bottlenecks in the generator to decrease parameter values and deepen the network. In order to make full use of the longitudinal information, our discriminator classifies not only real MR images from generated MR images, but also fake sequences from real sequences in which the longitudinal MR images for all time points come from the dataset, only the last MR image comes from the generator. Results of our experiment show that our method performs more accurately for the longitudinal structural MRI data prediction of a brain afflicted with AD.
Perspectives on Frailty Screening, Management and Its Implementation Among Acute Care Providers in Singapore: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Liu Xiao , Le Vivienne Mai Khanh , Chen Amber Lim Yew , Koh Emily Jiali , Nguyen Tu , Malik Naveed Anjum , Lien Christopher Tsung Chien , Lee Jer En , Au Lydia Shu Yi , Low James Alvin , Wee Shiou Liang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Frailty has emerged to be a public health concern among aging populations. COVID-19 pandemic has reminded how the frailest individuals are particularly exposed to adverse outcomes. It is important to identify and manage frailty to delay functional decline and reduce unnecessary health utilizations. Our study explored understanding on frailty and practice of frailty screening among different acute care professionals in Singapore, (2) identify barriers and facilitators concerning frailty screening, management and its implementation.Methods A qualitative study using focus group discussion among nurses and individual interviews among physicians from four departments (Accident & Emergency, Anaethesia, General Surgery, Orthopedics) in three acute hospitals from the three public health clusters in Singapore. Participants were recruited through a combination of purposive, convenience and snowball approach with a directed approach by using NVIVO 12.0 to analyse the data. Result Frailty was mainly but inadequately understood as a physical and age-related concept. Screening for frailty in acute care was considered necessary to reduce adverse health outcomes. Specific issues related to screening, management and implementation identified were: cooperation from patient/caregivers, acceptance from healthcare workers/hospital managers, need for dedicated resources, guidelines for follow-up management and consensus on the scope of measurement for different specialties. Conclusion Our findings indicated the need for 1) education program for patients/care givers and stakeholders 2) hospital wide push to adopt and develop a uniform frailty screening tool and process and 3) applying relevant guidelines, developing whole of hospital approach and process for the management of frail patients.
Effect of Meloxicam on Behavior, Physiology and Pain Sensitivity in Holstein Calves Following Dehorning
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Yulong , Cui Yaocheng , Qi Jianchen , Cai Dongjie , Fang Jing , Tan Tianyu , Zou Huawei , Xie Yue , Guo Hongrui , Chen Shiyi , Yi Jun , Wang Wei , Ma Xiaoping , Gou Liping , Cui Hengmin , Geng Yi , Zhang Ming , Ye Gang , Zhong Zhijun , Ren Zhihua , Hu Yanchun , Wang Ya , Deng Junliang , Yu Shuming , Cao Suizhong , Zuo Zhicai , Wang Zhisheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present work aimed to assess the effects of meloxicam on the behavior, feed intake, physiology and pain sensitivity in calves following dehorning. Calves were randomly allocated to four groups: dehorning by amputation with saline (ADNM) or meloxicam (ADM) and chemical disbudding with saline (CDNM) or meloxicam (CDM). Significant differences in the frequencies of all behaviors and activity levels were not observed for the treatment*time interaction (p ≥ 0.05) but were observed for time points (p < 0.05), and the total intake, foraging, hay or milk intake, rectal temperatures, respiration and heart rates and mechanical nonreceptive thresholds (MNTs) in calves were all noted (p < 0.05). For the treatment*time interaction, significant differences were showed between the CDNM and CDM groups in the total intake (at d 0 and 1), foraging (at d 1), hay or milk intake (at d 0 and 1), rectal temperatures (at 24 hr), heart rates (at 4 and 6 hr), and MNTs ( right horn at 2, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hr; left horn at 6 and 24 hr); and significant differences were found between the ADNM and ADM groups in the rectal temperatures (at 6 hr), respiration rates (at 4, 6 and 24 hr), heart rates (at 2, 4 and 6 hr), and MNT (right horn at 2 to 72 hr; left horn at 24 hr). Our results indicated that meloxicam relieves pain after calf dehorning and helps restore feed intake.
MORC3, a novel MIWI2 association partner, is an epigenetic regulator of piRNA-dependent transposon silencing.
Authors: Nakano Toru , Kuramochi-Miyagawa Satomi , Nakayama Manabu , Koseki Haruhiko , Jacobsen Steven , Kojima-Kita Kanako 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The PIWI (P-element-induced wimpy testis)-interacting-RNA (piRNA) pathway plays a crucial role in the repression of TE (transposable element) expression via de novo DNA methylation in mouse embryonic male germ cells. Various proteins, including MIWI2 are involved in the process. TE silencing is ensured by piRNA-guided MIWI2 that recruits some effector proteins of the DNA methylation machinery to TE regions. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the methylation is complex and has not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified MORC3 as a novel associating partner of MIWI2 and also a nuclear effector of retrotransposon silencing via piRNA-dependent de novo DNA methylation in embryonic testis. Moreover, we show that MORC3 is important for transcription of piRNA precursors and subsequently affects piRNA production. Thus, we provide the first mechanistic insights into the role of this effector protein in the first stage of piRNA biogenesis in embryonic TE silencing mechanism.
Perceived general health in relation to oral health status in a rural Kenyan elderly population
Authors: Fukuda Hideki , Hayashi Yoshihiko , Toda Kazuo , Kaneko Satoshi , Wagaiyu Evelyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to determine the present oral health status of the rural Kenyan elderly population and to investigate whether oral health status is associated with the perceived general health.Methods: A total of 131 individuals aged 65 years and over in Mbita District, Nyanza Province, Kenya, were randomly selected and visited at home. The home visit study, which was conducted from 2014 to 2016, included oral examination by a dentist and administration of a self-reporting questionnaire. The number of teeth present and functional tooth unit (FTU) points were calculated using the dental chart. Perceived general health, subjective masticatory ability, and periodontal symptoms were collected using a self-recorded questionnaire sheet.Fisher’s exact test and nonparametric test were used to determine the difference in percentage and means. The odds ratio of good general health based on the participants’ masticatory satisfaction was calculated by logistic analysis.Results: Satisfactory mastication was dependent on the number of teeth present, FTU points, and periodontal symptoms. Furthermore, satisfactory mastication was associated with perceived general health status independent of sex and age. The adjusted odds ratio of good perceived general health was 2.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.05–4.99) for participants who had the subjective masticatory ability.Conclusion: Among the Kenyan elderly population, satisfactory mastication was dependent on the number of teeth present, FTU points, and periodontal symptoms. Furthermore, satisfactory mastication was associated with perceived general health status independent of sex and age.
Survey-based experiential learning as a means of raising professional awareness: a new educational approach for developing healthcare settings
Authors: Hodza-Beganovic Ruhija , Berggren Peter , Hugelius Karin , Edelbring Samuel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background This study outlines key aspects of professional development among health professionals in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). LMICs need support in developing their continuing medical education, and non-technical skills (NTS) that have been neglected in this respect. Given the nature of NTS, educational methods should be used experientially. This study aims to explore an interactive educational approach to increase NTS among health care professionals in an LMIC setting. Methods. Key NTS concepts were identified and these directed the selection of research-based surveys. A series of workshops was designed in which a survey-based experiential approach was developed. The educational process followed a pattern of individual reflection, small group discussion and relating the concepts to the local practice in a wider group.Results. An approach to increase NTS in LMIC settings emerged in iterative development through conducting workshops with health care teams in the Balkans. The topics could be grouped into individual, team, and organisational dimensions. The approach can be described as survey-based experiential learning involving steps in recurring interaction with participants. The steps include identifying concepts in individual, team and organization dimensions and contextualising them using experiential learning on the individual and group levels. Conclusion An overarching approach has been developed that addresses NTS in an LMIC setting. The survey-based experiential learning approach can be beneficial for raising professional awareness and the development of sustainable healthcare settings in LMICs.
Cerebral Malaria: Insight into Pathology from Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Tu Zhanhan , Gormley Jack , Sheth Viral , Seydel Karl , Taylor Terrie , Beare Nicholas , Barrera Valentina , Proudlock Frank , Manda Chatonda , Harding Simon , Gottlob Irene 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose We aimed to investigate structural retinal changes in malarial retinopathy (MR) using hand-held optical coherence tomography (HH-OCT) to investigate its diagnostic potential.Methods Children with MR (n=43) underwent ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography and HH-OCT during admission, one month (n=31) and one year (n=8) post-discharge. Controls were comatose patients without malaria (n=6) and age/sex-matched healthy children (n=43). OCT changes and retinal layer thicknesses were compared.Results On HH-OCT hyper-reflective areas (HRAs) were seen in the inner retina of 81% of MR patients, corresponding to ischaemic retinal whitening. Cotton wool spots present in 37% and abnormal hyper-reflective dots, co-localized to capillary plexi, in 93%. Hyper-reflective vessel walls were present in 84%, and intra-retinal cysts in 9%. Vascular changes and cysts resolved within 48 hours. HRAs developed into retinal thinning at one month (p=0.027) which was more pronounced after one year (p=0.009).Conclusions Ischaemic retinal whitening is located within inner retinal layers, distinguishing it from cotton wool spots. Vascular hyper-reflectivity may represent the sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in vessels, a key CM feature. The mechanisms of post-ischemic retinal atrophy and cerebral atrophy with cognitive impairment may be similar in CM survivors. HH-OCT has potential for monitoring patients, treatment response and predicting neurological deficits.
Surface band bending in semimetal Td-WTe2
Authors: Chen Aixi , Li Huifang , Huang Rong , Zhao Yanfei , Liu Tong , Li Zhiyun , Wang Li , Cheng Feiyu , Ren Wei , Lu Shuai , Yang Bingjie , Huang Zengli , Ding Sunan , Li Fang-Sen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently, spontaneous out-of-plane electric polarization and ferroelectric switching were found in WTe2 devices. On single crystal with ferroelectric property, a built-in electric field and corresponding band bending would be expected at the surface. However, such band bending in WTe2 hasn’t directly been observed experimentally. Here, by fitting angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra on WTe2 surface, we clearly observed downward band bending after slightly exposure to air, verifying appearance of surface polarization. Such band bending can’t be observed on pristine WTe2 surface and will disappear on fully oxidized sample. It suggests strong correlation between surface band bending and oxidation. Ionized donors from oxide species pinned at surface may contribute to the formation of surface band bending and polarization. Our study here offers new insight to figure out the microscopic origin of ferroelectric in WTe2.
Perioperative Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and its Effect on Postoperative Nocturnal Hypoxemia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Suen Colin , Wong Jean , Warsame Kahiye , Subramani Yamini , Panzarella Tony , Waseem Rida , Auckley Dennis , Chaudhry Rabail , Islam Sazzadul , Chung Frances 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAlthough continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, the perioperative adherence rate is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the perioperative adherence rate of patients with OSA with a CPAP prescription and the effect of adherence on nocturnal oxygen saturation.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included adult surgical patients with a diagnosis of OSA with CPAP prescription undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery. Patients were divided into CPAP adherent and non-adherent groups based on duration of usage (≥ 4h/night). Overnight oximetry was performed preoperatively and on postoperative night 1 and 2 (N1, N2). The primary outcome was adherence rate and secondary outcomes were nocturnal oxygen saturation.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-two patients completed the study. CPAP adherence was 61% preoperatively, 58% on postoperative N1, and 59% on N2. Forty-nine percent were consistently CPAP adherent pre- and postoperatively. Using a linear fixed effects regression, oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was significantly improved by CPAP adherence (p = 0.0011). The interaction term CPAP x N1 was significant (p = 0.0015), suggesting that the effect of CPAP adherence varied on N1 vs preoperatively. There was no benefit of CPAP adherence on postoperative mean SpO2, minimum SpO2, and percentage of sleep duration with SpO2 <90%. Supplemental oxygen therapy was higher in the CPAP non-adherent group vs adherent group on N1 (47% vs 9.8%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAmong patients with a preoperative CPAP prescription, approximately 50% were consistently adherent. CPAP adherence was associated with improved preoperative ODI and the benefit was maintained on N1 and improved pain control. These modest effects may be underestimated by a higher severity of OSA in the CPAP adherent group and a higher rate of oxygen supplementation in the non-adherent group.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.Gov registry (NCT02796846).
Exodontia-associated bacteremia in horses characterized by next generation sequencing
Authors: Townsend Kile , Johnson Philip , LaCarrubba Alison , Martin Lynn , Ericsson Aaron 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bacteremia resulting from dental surgery is increasingly recognized as a health risk, especially in older and immunocompromised patients. Dentistry-associated bacteremic showering can lead to remote infections, as exemplified by valvular endocarditis. Emerging evidence points to a novel role played by uncultivable oral cavity commensals in the pathogenesis of diabetes, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Whether dental extraction, a commonly-undertaken procedure in old horses, causes bacteremic showering has not been reported extensively. In a prospective clinical study using next generation sequencing (based on bacterial 16S rRNA), the circulating blood microbiome was characterized before and at 1 hour following extraction of incisor, canine or cheek teeth from 29 adult horses with dental disease. 16S rRNA sequencing results from the blood microbiome were compared with those from gingival swab samples obtained prior to extraction at the location of the diseased tooth. Bacteremic showering by translocated gingival commensals was demonstrated in horses undergoing exodontia and was, in some cases, still evident one hour post-operatively.
Effectiveness of 2D Radiographs in Detecting CBCT-based Incidental Findings in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Choi Jin-Young , Oh Song Hee , Kim Seong-Hun , Ahn Hyo-Won , Kang Yoon-Goo , Choi Yong-Suk , Kook Yoon-Ah , Nelson Gerald 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Some craniofacial diseases or anatomical variations are found in radiographic images taken for other purposes. These incidental findings(IFs) can be detected in orthodontic patients, as various radiographs are required for orthodontic diagnosis. To evaluate the rates of IFs in three-dimensional(3D) cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT) with a large field of view (FOV) and investigate the effectiveness or accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) radiographs for detecting IFs compared to CBCT, the radiographic data of 1,020-orthodontic patients were interpreted. Prevalence in five areas was measured, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value(NPV), and accuracy were calculated. The accuracies of various 2D-radiograph were compared through a proportion test. A total of 709-cases(69.5%) of 1,020-subjects showed one or more IFs in CBCT images. Nasal cavity was the most affected area. Based on the CBCT images as a gold standard, different accuracies of various 2D-radiographs were observed in each area of the findings. The highest accuracy was confirmed in soft tissue calcifications with comprehensive radiographs. For detecting nasal septum deviations, postero anterior cephalograms were the most accurate radiograph. A possible improvement in accuracy for detecting IFs is expected by the development of CBCT with a lower radiation dose and higher resolution.