bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting total hip replacement prosthesis design on plain radiographs using deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Borjali Alireza , Chen Antonia F. , Muratoglu Orhun K. , Morid Mohammad A. , Varadarajan Kartik M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIdentifying the design of a failed implant is a key step in the preoperative planning of revision total joint arthroplasty. Manual identification of the implant design from radiographic images is time‐consuming and prone to error. Failure to identify the implant design preoperatively can lead to increased operating room time, more complex surgery, increased blood loss, increased bone loss, increased recovery time, and overall increased healthcare costs. In this study, we present a novel, fully automatic and interpretable approach to identify the design of total hip replacement (THR) implants from plain radiographs using deep convolutional neural network (CNN). CNN achieved 100% accuracy in the identification of three commonly used THR implant designs. Such CNN can be used to automatically identify the design of a failed THR implant preoperatively in just a few seconds, saving time and improving the identification accuracy. This can potentially improve patient outcomes, free practitioners' time, and reduce healthcare costs.
Nutrient uptake and growth of potato: Arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis interacts with quality and quantity of amended biochars
Authors: Yang Qi , Ravnskov Sabine , Neumann Andersen Mathias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims: The aim of this study was to explore interactive effects between quality (types) and quantity (application rates) of biochar as well as of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis on the growth of potato plants.Methods: A low P sandy loam soil was amended with 0%, 1.5%, or 2.5% (w/w) of either of 4 types of biochar, which were produced from wheat straw pellets (WSP) or miscanthus straw pellets (MSP) pyrolyzed at temperatures of either 550°C or 700°C. Potato plants grown in pots containing the soils or soil biochar mixture were inoculated with or without AM fungus (AMF),Rhizophagus irregularis. The experiment was carried out under fully irrigated semi‐field conditions and plants were harvested 101 days after planting.Results: Application of high temperature biochar decreased growth, biomass and tuber yield of potato plants, while the low temperature biochar had a similar effect on yield as plants grown without biochar amendment. Total biomass of potato plants were decreased with the increasing rate of biochar. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation stimulated the growth of potato plants in all organs, increased tuber biomass significantly in 1.5% MSP700 amended plants, and to a lesser degree for WSP700, MSP550, and WSP550. In addition, plant biomass gain was linearly related to N, P, and K uptake, the ratio of P to N in the leaf of plants indicated that all treatments were mainly P‐limited. A multiple linear regression using P uptake and biochar rate as independent variables explained 91% of the variation in total biomass. The single effect of AMF inoculation, type and rate of biochar affected plant N, P and K uptake similarly. While AMF inoculation significantly increased P uptake in potato plants grown in soil with WSP700 or MSP700 despite of the rate of biochar. In general, application of biochar significantly increased AMF root colonization of potato plants.Conclusions: The application of MSP550 at 1.5% combined with AMF stimulated growth of potato the most.Furthermore, the results indicated that the interactive effect of AMF inoculation, biochar type and application rate on potato growth to a large extent could be explained by effects on plant nutrient uptake.
Dynamics of nitrogen translocation from mature leaves to new shoots and related gene expression during spring shoots development in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.)
Authors: Fan Kai , Zhang Qunfeng , Tang Dandan , Shi Yuanzhi , Ma Lifeng , Liu Meiya , Ruan Jianyun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe contribution of N remobilization is crucial for new shoots growth and quality formation during spring tea shoots development. However, the translocation mechanism of N from source leaves to sink young shoots is not well understood. In the present study, 15N urea was applied to mature tea leaves one week before bud break to track N remobilization in a field experiment. The dynamic changes in plant 15N abundance, contents of amino acids, and the expression levels of genes related to N metabolism and translocation were followed during the 18‐d development of new spring shoots until three expanding young leaves. The results showed that during the growth of new shoots the amount of 15N in the shoots increased, whereas the Ndff (N derived from 15N‐urea) in mature leaves decreased, showing that the foliar‐applied N in mature leaves was readily exported to new shoots. This process was found to be accompanied by decline of chlorophylls. In the mature leaves, expression CsATG18a and CsSAG12 involved in autophagy was dramatically induced (> 4‐fold) at approximately nine days after the bud breaking. The genes involved in the transformation of amino acids, including primarily CsGDH2, CsGDH4, CsGLT3, CsGS1;3, and CsASN2 were upregulated by > 3‐fold after bud breaking. The expression levels of CsATG8A, CsATG9, CsSAG12, CsGS1;1, CsGDH1, and CsAAP6 correlated negatively with the Ndff in mature leaves, but positively with 15N amount and total N amount in new shoots, suggesting these genes played important roles in N export from mature leaves. In the new shoots, the expression of most genes showed two defined peaks, one on six days and one on 12 days after bud breaking. The expression of CsGS2, CsASN3, CsGLT1, and CsAAP4 positively correlated with the 15N amount and total N amount in new shoots. These genes might be involved in the transport and re‐assimilation of N from mature leaves. The overall results demonstrated that the translocation of 15N from mature leaves to new spring shoots was regulated by the genes involved in autophagy, protein degradation, amino acid transformation and transport.
Identification and acceptance of suggested therapeutic alternatives of potentially inappropriate medications amongst hospitalised geriatric patients in Iran
Authors: Abbasinazari Mohammad , Tavana Akhtar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Beers Criteria (BC) are frequently used to identify potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in geriatric patients. There are limited reports from non‐Western countries documenting the rate of both PIM identification and acceptance of pharmacist‐suggested changes to medications in geriatric patients. This prospective interventional study identified PIMs using the BC in hospitalised geriatric patients in an Iranian hospital, and documented the rate of acceptance of alternative therapies suggested by a clinical pharmacist. All patients aged ≥65 years (n = 240) who were admitted to medical and surgical wards for ≥3 days were included in the study. PIMs were screened for on Day 2 of admission using 2015 BC and therapeutic alternatives were suggested if a PIM was identified. Whether the suggestions were accepted was determined on Day 3. At least one PIM was identified for 80 (33.3%) patients, with 95 PIMs reported overall. The most frequent PIMs recorded were pethidine (44.2%), alprazolam (8.4%) and metoclopramide (7.3%). Of the 95 interventions suggested, 87 (91.5%) were accepted by physicians. The identification of PIMs and provision of alternative treatment options by an experienced clinical pharmacist resulted in a high uptake of recommendations.
Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibition activity of extracts from Newhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) peel
Authors: Guo Can , Shan Youxia , Yang Zhiqiang , Zhang Linyan , Ling Wei , Liang Yan , Ouyang Zhigang , Zhong Balian , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNewhall navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) is the major navel orange cultivar planted in China. Almost all Newhall navel orange peels produced in that country are currently discarded, which is not only harmful to the environment but also a waste of resources. It is therefore necessary to carry out research to explore the utilization potential of this resource.RESULTSA 95% ethanol extract (EE) of Newhall orange peel was prepared and fractionated into three subextracts: petroleum ether extract (PEE), ethyl acetate extract (EtOAcE), and water extract (WE) by simple liquid / liquid extractions. These four extracts were then subjected to antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibition assays. Interestingly, EtOAcE was significantly superior to all other three extracts, exhibiting the best biological effects. The total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and primary individual flavonoids of these four extracts were analyzed and compared. This was followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and the Pearson's correlation test. The result indicates that the primary bioactive compounds responsible for the biological effects of the EtOAcE are sinensetin, 4′,5,6,7‐tetramethoxyflavone, nobiletin, 3,3′,4′,5,6,7‐hexamethoxyflavone, and narirutin. In view of its easy preparation and potent biological effects, EtOAcE might demonstrate excellent application potential in various industrial areas.CONCLUSIONSThis study successfully identified EtOAcE as a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, antibacterial, and tyrosinase inhibitory agent, which might add value to the utilization of Newhall navel orange peel in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Establishing the chromatographic fingerprints of flavan‐3‐ols and proanthocyanidins from rose hip (Rosa sp.) species
Authors: Dabić Zagorac Dragana Č. , Fotirić Akšić Milica M. , Glavnik Vesna , Gašić Uroš M. , Vovk Irena , Tešić Živoslav Lj. , Natić Maja M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe profile of flavan‐3‐ols and proanthocyanidins in five different Rosa species (R. canina, R. glutinosa, R. rubiginosa, R. multiflora, and R. spinosissima) was estimated on high performance thin layer chromatography cellulose plates. Differences in flavanol and proanthocyanidin profiles of the extracts were evident, among which Rosa spinosissima stood out with catechin as the only detected flavanol and red zones as indication of anthocyanins. Furthermore, the elution solvent for thin layer chromatography with mass spectrometry analyses of glycosylated flavan‐3‐ols and proanthocyanidins was optimized, enabling identification of catechin, (epi)catechin hexoside, proanthocyanidin dimer, and proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers hexosides. A total of 15 flavanols and their derivatives were identified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with linear trap quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass analyzer and epicatechin, gallocatechin, and proanthocyanidin trimer were identified only using this technique. However, proanthocyanidin trimer trihexoside was identified only by thin‐layer chromatography with mass spectrometry. To establish the relationships between the flavanols and proanthocyanidins composition of rose hip and their origin, principal component analysis was performed on the entire set of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data. Both principal components’ scores plots showed that Rosa spinosissima could be considered as an outlier. Our study demonstrated that flavanol and proanthocyanidin profiles of different rose hips depend on the geographical origin rather than on the cultivar and genotype.
Complications After Percutaneous Ultrasound‐Guided Liver Biopsy
Authors: Tian Guo , Kong Dexing , Jiang Tian'an , Li Lanjuan 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesPercutaneous liver biopsy (LB) has been considered the reference standard in distinguishing the degree of liver disease, but there has been no definitive systematic review to assess complication rates or potential risk factors for them.MethodsIn this study, we searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for studies appraising complication rates after percutaneous ultrasound (US)‐guided LB published until October 11, 2018. The safety and efficacy of US‐guided LB were estimated according to major and minor complications. Subgroups including the biopsy style, needle styles, mean number of needle insertions, study period, and specific complication items were analyzed.ResultsAmong 12,481 patients from 51 studies, pooled results showed a low rate (0; 95% confidence interval, 0–0) of major and minor complications. The subgroup analysis indicated that US‐guided LB had a low major complication rate of 0 (0–0) for both fine‐needle aspiration and core biopsy, with rates of 0.016 (0–0.032) for 14‐gauge, 0.010 (0.003–0.017) for 15‐gauge, 0.002 (–0.001–0.005) for 20‐gauge, and 0 (0–0) for 16‐, 17‐, 18‐, 21‐, and 22‐gauge needles, and low minor complication rates of 0 (0–0) for fine‐needle aspiration and 0.001 (0–0.002) for core biopsy, with rates of 0.164 (0.137–0.191) for 15‐gauge, 0.316 (0.113–0.519) for 16‐gauge, and 0 (0–0) for 14‐, 17‐, 18‐, 20‐, 21‐, and 22‐gauge needles. Furthermore, specific complication rates of bleeding, pain, pneumothorax, vasovagal reactions, and death were all 0 (0–0).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that it is possible to safely perform percutaneous US‐guided LB.
Managing the Effects of Introduced Predators on Hawaiian Endangered Seabirds
Authors: Raine André F. , Driskill Scott , Vynne Megan , Harvey Derek , Pias Kyle 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTIntroduced predators are one of the greatest threats facing seabirds worldwide. We investigated the effects of multiple introduced predators on 2 endangered seabirds, the Newell's shearwater (Puffinus newelli) and the Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis), on the island of Kauaʻi, Hawaiʻi, USA. Between 2011 and 2017, we recorded 309 depredations of which 35.6% were by feral cats, 50.2% by black rats (Rattus rattus), 10.4% by pigs (Sus scrofa; feral pigs), and 3.9% by barn owls (Tyto alba). Cats were the most destructive of the predators because they killed more breeding adults than chicks, which had repercussions on breeding probability in following years. Cats and rats were also the most prevalent of all the predators, depredating birds at all of the sites under consideration regardless of how remote or inaccessible. We also considered the effectiveness of predator control over the study period. Reproductive success at all sites increased once predator control operations were in place and depredations by all species except barn owls decreased. Furthermore, we modeled population trajectories for all sites with and without predator control. Without predator control, population trajectories at all sites declined rapidly over 50 years. With predator control operations in place, populations at all sites increased; thus, controlling introduced predators at endangered seabird colonies is important for their management. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
The Design of Sulfobetaine Polymers with Thermoresponsiveness under Physiological Salt Conditions
Authors: Morimoto Nobuyuki , Oishi Yoshifumi , Yamamoto Masaya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThermoresponsive polymers are attractive in terms of basics and applications because of the phase separation in aqueous solution. Some sulfobetaine polymers are known for their antifouling biocompatibility and upper critical solution temperature (UCST) type thermoresponsiveness; however, thermoresponsiveness disappears in aliphatic sulfobetaine polymers in physiological salt conditions. Aromatic cation‐containing sulfobetaine polymers are not responded because of the strong intermolecular interactions. In this study, new sulfobetaine methacrylamides with a pyridinium cation, 3‐(4‐(2‐methacrylamido)alkyl pyridinio‐1‐yl)propane‐1‐sulfonates, (PySMAAm)s, are designed and then prepared the homopolymers using aqueous reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The P(PySMAAm)s exhibited UCST‐type thermoresponsiveness that is induced by substitution of the dipole–dipole interaction between the interpolymer side chain to an ion–dipole interaction in physiological salt conditions. The thermoresponsiveness is affected by the molecular weight and structure of the side chains. Such sulfobetaine polymers can be promising tools as biomaterials especially for drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
A quad‐band bandpass filter using sept‐mode double square‐ring loaded resonator
Authors: Zhu Bao‐Hua , Wang Zhi‐Ji , Kim Eun‐Seong , Kim Nam‐Young 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA quad‐band bandpass filter (BPF) using a sept‐mode double square‐ring loaded resonator (DSRLR) is presented in this article. Based on the symmetrical geometric construction of the DSRLR, the even‐ and odd‐mode analysis with theoretical equations is employed to analyze the proposed BPF, and current density are obtained. Additionally, multimode splitting and resonant characteristics of the proposed DSRLR are explored. Accordingly, the design procedure is given after a pair of feedlines with dual‐finger structure is added to the I/O ports to introduce extra transmission zeros (TZs). Four TZs—including two created by the dual‐finger feedlines—are produced to separate four passbands that exhibit a sharp skirt and high stopband rejection. Finally, a microstrip quad‐band BPF is fabricated on a Teflon substrate with four measured passbands centered at 2.46, 3.41, 6.65, and 9.09 GHz with insertion losses of 0.68, 0.73, 0.81, and 1.23 dB, respectively. A satisfactory agreement is achieved between the measurement results and full‐wave simulation results.
A multilayer low parasitic parameter extraction method for synthesis of composite right‐left handed TL
Authors: Mehrafza Amir , Khodapanah Ehsan , Pourziad Ali 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a new multilayer low parasitic synthesis of composite right‐left handed (CRLH) TL is proposed and demonstrated. A novel method for designing of the extended microstrip inductors and capacitors in the resonator or 2‐port method for the simultaneous extraction of inductors and capacitors in series or parallel form is presented. By putting these resonators together, multilayer unit cells are introduced for CRLH practical implementations. Finally, with the combination of the unit cells, several CRLH metamaterial TLs are designed. To verify this method, a Wilkinson power divider based on CRLH cells is designed and simulated. The actual prototype of 1:2 Wilkinson power divider is fabricated on FR4 substrate. Measured results of fabricated prototype provide a good consistency with simulated results.
The association of working alliance, outcome expectation, adherence and self‐efficacy with clinical outcomes for Achilles tendinopathy: A feasibility cohort study (the MAP study)
Authors: Mallows Adrian , Jackson Jo , Littlewood Chris , Debenham James 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study evaluated the feasibility of a large longitudinal cohort study utilizing an online platform to investigate the association and predictive relationship of working alliance, outcome expectations, adherence and self‐efficacy with outcome in Achilles tendinopathy. The objectives were: (1) to determine the recruitment and retention rate and (2) to carry out preliminary data analysis of the selected variables and clinical outcomes.MethodsA multi‐centred, longitudinal feasibility cohort study was used. Eligible participants were directed to a bespoke online platform hosting study information and the outcome measures in the form of an online questionnaire. Responses from the online questionnaire were collected on three occasions: at baseline, at 6 and at 12 weeks following completion of the first questionnaire. Feasibility outcomes (recruitment and retention rates) were described using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe website recorded a total 55 views. These 55 views resulted in 24 participants consenting to join the study. The questionnaire at baseline was started 63 times and completed on 60 separate occasions resulting in a 95% conversion rate. Retainment for completion of the questionnaire for a second time was 83.3% and for the third time was 66.6%. All questionnaires were completed fully yielding a missing data indicator of 0%.ConclusionsFeasibility studies ask the question ‘can this be done’? Based on the data from recruitment and rates and exploratory correlation analysis a future study can be done; this previously untested online platform appears feasible, but changes could be useful before proceeding to a much larger study.
Factors influencing the implementation of evidence‐based guidelines for osteoarthritis in primary care: A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Swaithes Laura , Paskins Zoe , Dziedzic Krysia , Finney Andrew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionImplementation of evidence‐based health guidelines in primary care is challenging. This systematic review aimed to synthesize qualitative evidence that investigates the factors influencing the implementation of evidence‐based guidelines for osteoarthritis in primary care.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative studies. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, HMIC, PsychINFO, Web of Science and Assia were searched (from 2000 to March 2019). The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by two independent reviewers. Data were analyzed and synthesized using thematic synthesis.Results1612 articles were screened and four articles with a total of 87 participants (46 patients, 28 GPs, 13 practice nurses) were included. Three of the studies were conducted in England within the context of an implementation trial and one was conducted in the Netherlands. The thematic synthesis revealed three overarching themes. Best practice was not enough to achieve ‘buy‐in’ to implementation but a range of tacit motivators to implementation were identified. Healthcare professionals used patient reasons to justify engaging or not engaging with implementation. Engaging with the whole practice was important in achieving implementation. A disconnect between research and ‘real‐world’ primary care practice influenced long‐term implementation.ConclusionsDespite the relative paucity of current evidence, this systematic review has identified a series of possible disconnects may impact uptake of interventions to improve osteoarthritis care, existing between clinicians and patients, researchers and clinicians, clinicians and guidelines and within general practice itself. There remains a need to further explore the experiences of key stakeholders, including patients involved in implementation for osteoarthritis in primary care.
Immobility and F‐waves: Impact on lower motor neuron excitability
Authors: Pereira Mariana , Swash Michael , de Carvalho Mamede 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionImmobility of the upper limbs has been associated with reduction of F‐wave frequency. However, there are no similar studies on lower limb (LL) F‐waves. We investigated the impact of LL rest on F‐wave and H‐reflex parameters.MethodsThe LLs of 14 healthy participants were studied after 90 minutes rest. F‐waves (frequency, latencies, chronodispersion, and mean amplitude) and H‐reflexes (latency and recruitment curve) were investigated bilaterally. In seven participants the protocol was repeated, but the temperature of one limb was reduced.ResultsImmobility only changed F‐wave latencies, which increased significantly (mean value of 2 ms, P < .01). Limb cooling did not influence results.DiscussionContrary to what occurred in cervical lower motor neurons (LMN), LL LMNs did not show a reduced F‐wave response to immobility, but their latency increased significantly. This could have been due to reduced Renshaw inhibition of small LMNs, thus facilitating their response to antidromic stimulation and causing delayed late responses.